abstract: Fibrocytes are circulating, hematopoietic cells that express @entity8236 and @entity8334 . They contribute to wound healing and several fibrosing disorders by mechanisms that are poorly understood. In this report, we demonstrate that fibrocytes predispose the lung to B16-F10 @entity3 by recruiting @entity19347 (+) monocytes. To do so, we isolated fibrocytes expressing @entity8236 , @entity3804 , @entity16532 , and @entity8334 from the lungs of @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and @entity13945 (-/-) @entity19 . @entity164 but not @entity13945 (-/-) fibrocytes increased the number of metastatic foci when injected into @entity13945 (-/-) @entity19 (73    2 versus 32    5; p < 0.001). This process was @entity1235 dependent. Injection of @entity164 enhanced GFP(+) fibrocytes also increased the number of Gr-1(Int), @entity3804 (+), and enhanced GFP(-) monocytes. Like premetastatic-niche monocytes, these recruited cells expressed @entity19347 , @entity17777 , and @entity8236 . The transfer of these cells into @entity13945 (-/-) @entity19 enhanced @entity3 (90    8 foci) compared with B cells (27    2), immature dendritic cells (31    6), or alveolar macrophages (28    3; p < 0.05). @entity164 and @entity1750 (-/-) fibrocytes also stimulated @entity1750 expression in the lung by 2.07    0.05- and 2.78    0.36-fold compared with @entity13945 (-/-) fibrocytes (1.0    0.06; p < 0.05). Furthermore, @entity164 fibrocytes did not increase @entity19347 (+) monocytes in @entity13766 (-/-) @entity19 and did not promote @entity3 in either @entity13766 (-/-) or @entity1750 (-/-) @entity19 . These data support our hypothesis that fibrocytes contribute to premetastatic conditioning by recruiting @entity19347 (+) monocytes in a chemokine-dependent process. This work links metastatic risk to conditions that mobilize fibrocytes, such as @entity32 and wound repair.

title: Circulating fibrocytes prepare the lung for cancer @entity3 by recruiting @entity19347 + monocytes via XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1750 :: (20296(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CCL2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To use computer simulations to describe the role of fluid dynamics in the @entity1 upper airway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The model was constructed using raw data from three-dimensional (3-D) computed tomogram (CT) images of an @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 . Using Bionix software (CantiBio Inc., Suwon, Korea), the CT data in DICOM format was transformed into an anatomically correct 3-D @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) model of the @entity1 upper airway. Once constructed, the model was meshed into 725,671 tetra-elements. The solution for testing was performed by the STAR- @entity1050 software ( @entity1050 adapco group, New York, NY). Airflow was assumed to be turbulent at an inspiration rate of 170, 200, and 230 ml/s per nostril. The velocity magnitude, relative pressure, and flow distribution was obtained. RESULTS: High airflow velocity predominated in medial and ventral nasal airway regions. Maximum air velocity (15.41 m/s) and lowest pressure (negative 110.8 Pa) were observed at the narrowest portions of the velopharynx. Considering differences in model geometry, flow rate, and reference sections, when airflow patterns in nasal cavity were compared, our results were in agreement with previous data. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5173 analyses on airway CT data enhanced our understanding of pharyngeal aerodynamics in the pathophysiology of @entity27 and could predict the outcome of surgeries for airway modification in @entity27 @entity1 .

title: Customized three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulation of the upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Computational fluid dynamic']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['airway of obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze a single-center experience in which descending thoracic @entity449 (TAAs) were treated with a new self-expanding endovascular prosthesis (Medtronic AVE). METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 (13 @entity1 , 13 @entity1 ) with American Society of Anesthesiology grades II to IV and ages ranging from 53 to 92 years (average, 74 years) consented as part of a Phase I Food and Drug Administration-approved trial. Treated lesions included TAAs that were 5 to 10 cm in diameter, 12 diffuse dilations or @entity439 , and four @entity439 . There were also nine chronic dissections (2 aneurysmal dilations and 7 symptomatic acute recurrent dissections). Three @entity1 (2 with diffuse/fusiform and 1 with dissection) presented with hemothorax, contrast extravasation, or both. RESULTS: Twenty-five of the 26 @entity1 who consented (96% technical success) were treated successfully with no surgical conversions. Eighteen @entity1 have been followed up from 1 to 22 months (average, 9 months). One @entity1 is lost to follow-up, and six @entity1 have died (24%). One procedure-related @entity204 (4%) occurred within the 30-day postoperative period and was caused by diffuse embolization. There were no device-related @entity204 . Five additional @entity1 (20%) have died during the study of comorbid conditions. Complications included one massive @entity583 24 hours after the procedure requiring balloon counterpulsation and long-term dialysis, one @entity2293 resulting from central line placement before the procedure, one progression of @entity384 proximal to the device at 1 year, and one bilateral lower extremity @entity912 occurring 12 hours after successful deployment. Seven @entity1 (5 @entity1 ) had femoral artery reconstructions or iliac artery grafts to repair injuries during deployment catheter passage. Other significant parameters included average procedure time (2 hours 40 minutes; range, 1 hour 30 minutes to 5 hours 30 minutes), 450 cc average @entity190 (n = 25; 100-3000 cc) being replaced by means of autotransfusion with only two @entity1 receiving banked blood products, and an average 2 days to resumption of normal diet, 1 day in the intensive care unit, and 5 days' hospitalization postprocedure in uncomplicated cases (n = 22). One @entity1 had an endoleak immediately after the procedure that sealed without treatment. Follow-up of all @entity1 ranging from 1 to 22 months (average, 9 months; n = 18) demonstrates continued exclusion of the @entity439 with no endoleaks and either stable or decreasing @entity439 volume, except in one @entity1 with volume increase and no obvious etiology who continues to be investigated. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that endovascular prosthesis exclusion of TAAs with an AneuRx self-expanding tubular device may be effective in many @entity1 who are at significant risk for open surgical repair and substantiates further clinical investigation to confirm these findings.

title: Endovascular exclusion of descending thoracic XXXX and chronic dissections: Initial clinical results with the AneuRx device.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm dilation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysms', 'fusiform aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: There is a growing need for classification systems that can accurately detect and predict @entity626 ( @entity571 ) from plain radiographs. For this purpose, a system based on a support vector machine (SVM) classifier and distances measured between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) texture images was developed and tested in previous work. Unlike other systems, it allows an image classification without the calculation and selection of numerous texture features, and it is invariant to a range of imaging conditions encountered in a routine X-ray screening of knees. Although the system exhibited 85.4% classification accuracy in @entity571 , which was higher than those obtained from other systems, its performance could be further improved. To achieve this, a dissimilarity-based multiple classifier (DMC) system is developed in this study. The system measures distances between @entity79 texture images and generates a diverse ensemble of classifiers using prototype selection, bootstrapping of training set and heterogeneous classifiers. A measure of competence is used to select accurate (i.e. better-than-random) classifiers from the ensemble, which are then combined through the majority voting rule. To evaluate the newly developed system in @entity571 (prediction of @entity571 progression), @entity79 texture images selected on standardised radiographs of healthy and @entity571 (non-progressive and progressive @entity571 ) knees were used. The results obtained showed that the @entity33679 system has higher classification accuracies for the detection (90.51% with 87.65% specificity and 93.33% sensitivity) and prediction (80% with 82.00% specificity and 77.97% sensitivity) than other systems, indicating its potential as a decision-support tool for the assessment of radiographic knee @entity571 .

title: A dissimilarity-based multiple classifier system for @entity79 texture in detection and prediction of progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'trabecular bone']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'OA detection']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: One-third of @entity1 with untreated @entity308 have sexual difficulties manifested by decreased libido, @entity323 or @entity2754 . This dysfunction may be exacerbated by stimulation of post-synaptic @entity750 5HT2 receptors, a side-effect of most widely-used antidepressant medications, especially the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). @entity13332 is an atypical antidepressant with alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist and @entity750 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor-blocking activity. In theory, it should not worsen and perhaps may improve sexual function. This pilot study investigated sexual functioning and antidepressant activity in @entity308 @entity1 taking @entity13332 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Twenty-five (F = 18, M = 7) sexually active adult outpatients with a DSM-IV-diagnosis of major @entity308 entered a 12-week, flexible-dosing, open-label pilot study. The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) assessed sexual functioning and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) assessed @entity308 on a bimonthly basis. PRINCIPAL OBSERVATIONS: Desire, arousal/lubrication, and ease/satisfaction of orgasm improved (by 41%, 52%, and 48%, respectively) in the @entity308 @entity1 . In @entity1 , desire, arousal/erection, and ease/satisfaction of orgasm also improved (by 10%, 23% and 14%, respectively) but much more modestly. HAM-D, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Sheehan Disability Scale ( @entity214 ), and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scores improved in both groups. There was a 50% dropout rate among @entity1 before six weeks of treatment. However, the ASEX and HAM-D scores of the groups terminating before and after six weeks of treatment showed similar rates of improvement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13332 has a beneficial effect on sexual functioning in both @entity308 @entity1 and @entity1 . Longer-term double-blind research assessing sexual function during the administration of @entity13332 as well as other antidepressants is recommended.

title: Sexual functioning in @entity308 outpatients taking XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine', 'Mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ejaculation']

answer: @entity13332 :: (MESH:C035133,Chemical) :: ['mirtazapine']


abstract: This study examines, at the ultrastructural level, whether the @entity2241 (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and @entity43049 [PP]- and islet amyloid polypeptide [ @entity27485 ]-containing cells) develops normally after transplantation under the kidney capsule in athymic @entity19 . We have thus used an in vivo @entity1707 -to- @entity19 model for the differentiation of the endocrine pancreas removed from its normal milieu. Islet-like cell clusters (ICCs) were prepared from the fetal porcine pancreas as previously described and transplanted under the renal capsule of athymic @entity19 . At various times after transplantation, the endocrine pancreas was removed and the level of differentiation was compared with the native pancreas of the same biological age. At the ultrastructural level, several sequential steps could be identified based on the morphology and hormone content of the secretory granules of the endocrine cell examined. Applying this approach, we could demonstrate that the ontogeny of the transplanted fetal @entity1707 pancreas follows the same sequential differentiation as the native pancreas. The process seems to be under stringent control, apparently directly related to the biological age of the tissue, and independent not only of the new environment under the kidney capsule but also of the adult and xenogeneic milieu provided after transplantation to the athymic nude @entity19 . Therefore, all four major hormone-producing cells seem to develop normally after transplantation when compared with the development in the native pancreas. @entity27485 was produced by the pluripotent fetal endocrine cells as well as the adult alpha-, beta-, and delta-cell granules in the native pancreas; however, in the transplanted pancreas, @entity27485 expression was demonstrated only in beta-cells, delta-cells, and PP cells. No @entity27485 was found in granules of the alpha-cell lineage. The results suggest a sequential differentiation of all four major types of islet cells from a common pluripotent progenitor cell, which seems to be located in the pancreatic ducts. Therefore, the results presented strongly suggest that the ontogeny of the four major endocrine islet cells is determined by genetic information carried by the progenitor cells and not by the systemic or local environment.

title: The transplanted fetal endocrine pancreas undergoes an inherent sequential differentiation similar to that in the native pancreas. An ultrastructural study in the XXXX -to- @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity43049 :: ('19064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['pancreatic polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal porcine endocrine pancreas']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to analyse the co-variation of different tests commonly used in @entity64 rehabilitation, and specifically used in a recent randomized, controlled study of two different physiotherapy models in @entity64 rehabilitation. METHOD: Correlations of the performed tests and recordings from previous work were studied. The test results from three-month, one-year and four-year follow-up were analysed in an SPSS Version 11 statistical package with Pearson and Spearman correlations. RESULTS: There was an expected high correlation between the motor function tests, both based on partial and total scores. The correlations between Nottingham Health Profile Part 1 and Motor Assessment Scale (MAS), S  dring Motor Evaluation Scale (SMES), the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and Barthel Activities of Daily Living (ADL) index were low for all items except physical condition. The correlations between registered living conditions, assistive devices, recurrent @entity64 , motor function (MAS, SMES), ADL (Barthel ADL index) and balance ( @entity2653 ) were high. The same variables showed weak or poor correlation to the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). CONCLUSIONS: The co-variations of motor function tests and functional tests were high, but the co-variations of motor, functional and self-reported life-quality tests were poor. The @entity1 rated themselves on a higher functional level in the self-reported tests than was observed objectively in the performance-based tests. A possible reason for this is that the @entity1 may have been unaware they modified their performance to adjust for physical decline, and consequently overestimate their physical condition. This result underlines the importance of both performance-based and self-reported tests as complementary tools in a rehabilitation process.

title: Co-variation of tests commonly used in XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Berg Balance Scale', 'BBS']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to characterize the clinical entity of multiple @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity66 , which is uniquely common in Asians. METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized with proven @entity66 from June 1989 to January 1996 were reviewed. Data were retrieved from a prospectively collected computerized database. RESULTS: One hundred eighty consecutive @entity1 were admitted to the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, with multiple @entity66 . Average age was 65.1 (standard error of the mean, 13.9) years. There were 96 @entity1 and 84 @entity1 . @entity1 presented, on average, 8.4 years later than @entity1 (P < 0.005). Eighty-five @entity1 (47 percent) had massive @entity548 , 65 (36 percent) had @entity4436 , 21 (12 percent) had obstructive symptoms, and 9 (15 percent) had enteric @entity292 . The diverticula were @entity712 in 76 @entity1 (42 percent), left-sided (LS) in 62 @entity1 (34 percent), and on both sides in 42 @entity1 (24 percent). @entity712 @entity7261 tended to present with massive @entity548 (42/76; 55 percent) more often than LS disease (14/62; 23 percent; P < 0.005). Surgery for @entity548 was also required more often for @entity712 (17/42; 41 percent) than for LS disease (1/14; 7 percent; P < 0.05); however, @entity4436 was more common on the left ( @entity712 , 25/76, 33 percent; LS, 32/62, 52 percent; P < 0.05). Seventy-eight @entity1 (43 percent) required surgery for these complications of @entity66 . At a mean follow-up of 15.2 (standard error of the mean, 2) months, mortality was 2 in 78 @entity1 who underwent surgery (3 percent), and morbidity was 15 percent. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with LS, @entity712 @entity66 tended to present more often with massive @entity548 than with @entity4436 and fistulation. This @entity548 was often more severe and required surgical intervention.

title: Clinical behavior of complicated @entity712 and left-sided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity7261 :: (MESH:D004240,Disease) :: ['diverticulosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Certain @entity1 who undergo proximal jejunum resection are unable to undergo primary @entity254 and require exteriorization of the proximal jejunum. These @entity1 usually have major problems with short bowel due to the high output of the stoma. The output of a proximal jejunostomy contains abundant amounts of enzymes and electrolytes. Therefore, it is a feasible approach to re-infuse jejunostomy output to regain homeostasis. To evaluate the effects of proximal jejunostomy output reinfusion into the distal small bowel for @entity1 with @entity5277 , and to determine whether reinfusion could avoid long-term @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: @entity3147 was initiated immediately after surgery. When @entity1 started enteral nutrition, we started the proximal jejunostomy output reinfusion protocol. Proximal jejunostomy output reinfusion was performed by the @entity1 , and continued by them after discharge. When proximal jejunostomy output reinfusion could be performed stably, @entity3147 was stopped. RESULTS: The median length of the proximal jejunum was 20 cm and of the distal small bowel was 77.5 cm in @entity1 who could stably receive proximal jejunostomy output reinfusion alone. Three @entity1 did not require home @entity3147 ; they only required @entity3147 during hospitalization. Four @entity1 successfully underwent stoma takedown with intestinal @entity254 after 6-7 months without any nutritional or metabolic complications. CONCLUSION: @entity5277 @entity1 with an adequate length of small bowel and functional colon could avoid long-term @entity3147 by receiving reinfusion of proximal jejunostomy output into the distal small bowel.

title: Is jejunostomy output nutrient or waste in XXXX ? Experience from six cases.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['Short bowel syndrome', 'short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short bowel syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Elderly @entity1 and adults with @entity102 or compromised immune status are at increased risk of @entity7706 , with @entity55 being the most common serious presentation and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Most European countries have recommendations for pneumococcal vaccination but vaccination rates have remained low. In the present article, the authors present the results of a European survey that investigated the current level of awareness of @entity7706 among primary care physicians and specialists, and attitudes to vaccination in these physicians and members of the general public aged >50 years. METHODS: Primary care physicians (n = 1,300) and specialists (n = 926) from 13 Western European countries participated in online/face-to-face interviews, and a further 6,534 individuals aged >50 years from a population sample reflecting local socio-demographic structure participated in telephone/face-to-face interviews. RESULTS: Pneumonia was the most well-known of the @entity7706 amongst primary care physicians and specialists. However, there was a relatively low awareness of the term invasive @entity66 (IPD), with only 50% of primary care physicians and 71% of specialists reporting knowledge of the term IPD. Key factors influencing a physician's decision to prescribe pneumococcal vaccination were the @entity1 's health condition, recommendations from health authorities, and the tolerability of the vaccine. Perceptions regarding vaccination were good amongst the members of the general public; individuals did not fear vaccines or their side effects. The main drivers for vaccination were recommendations from a healthcare professional and, to a lesser extent, that vaccination provides reassurance against contracting a disease. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the low awareness of the term IPD in comparison with individual pneumococcal conditions. Given the importance of physician recommendations in encouraging @entity1 to be vaccinated, primary care physicians need to be vigilant of @entity1 at risk of @entity7706 in order to increase vaccination rates.

title: XXXX --low awareness as a potential barrier to vaccination: results of a European study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection', 'pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) confers a survival benefit in locally advanced @entity418 . The optimal dose of radiotherapy remains undefined. METHODS: From a prospective database, we identified @entity1 who received CRT followed by Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Surgical complications, pathological response, and oncological outcome were compared between @entity1 who received a radiotherapy (RT) dose of 36 Gy (group1) versus a dose of > 40 Gy (group 1). RESULTS: 147 @entity1 were evaluated: 109 received 36 Gy, while 38 received 41-50Gy. Mean age was 61    9 years (84% male). Median hospital stay was 16 days. @entity834 occurred in 4.0%. @entity358 occurred in 41.8%, neither being influenced by RT dose. Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 95% (group 1) and 100% (group 2), P = 0.3. Pathological complete response (pCR) was observed in 19% (group 1) and 37% (group 1), P = 0.04. Local recurrence developed in 9% in group 1, and 3% in group 2 (P = 0.3), but regional recurrence developed significantly higher in the low dose group (18% vs 3%, P < 0.001). Metastatic recurrence occurred in 48% in group 1 and 13% in group 1 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 a higher RT dose does not affect surgical outcome, enhances pCR rate, and reduces the locoregional and metastatic recurrence risk.

title: Effect of Neoadjuvant Radiation Dose on Surgical and Oncological Outcome in Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity9019 is a new @entity436 antagonist that induces a rapid release of hematopoietic progenitors from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood. We conducted a clinical study where @entity1 with @entity1582 and @entity1893 were treated with @entity9019 (A) to increase the number of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) when given a mobilization regimen of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 , G). Because experimental data suggest that A+G-mobilized PBPCs are functionally different from G-mobilized PBPCs, we were interested in an intraindividual comparison of the gene expression profile of @entity2280 + cells in the two different settings. METHODS: To this end peripheral blood @entity2280 + cells of three @entity1 (three G, three A+G samples) were isolated by immunomagnetic followed by flow cytometric sorting to a purity of >99%. Total RNA was purified. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed by using the Affymetrix GeneChip @entity1 Genome U133 Plus2.0 and the software package Micro Array Solutions 1.3 (SAS Institute Inc.). RESULTS: We found a pattern of unanimously higher (81 genes, log2 ratio > 0.5; p < 0.0001) or lower (29 genes, log2 ratio < -0.4; p < 0.0001) expressed genes in the A+G-mobilized vs G-mobilized @entity2280 + PBPCs. Significant changes of four selected genes noted in the microarray analysis were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genes were grouped according to gene function. Only increased expression was found in the categories antiapoptosis (e.g., @entity3335 , @entity18350 ), cell cycle (e.g., @entity18594 , @entity16071 ), replication/DNA repair (e.g., @entity3335 , @entity18350 ), cell motility (e.g., @entity16348 , @entity16104 ), and @entity26 transport. Decreased expression occurred in the proapoptosis gene group (e.g., @entity10465 , @entity4592 ). @entity436 receptor gene expression itself was significantly 1.5-fold higher in the A+G vs G group. CONCLUSION: We conclude that A+G-mobilized @entity2280 + PBPCs express significantly higher amounts of genes that potentially promote superior engraftment after myeloablative therapy than G-mobilized @entity2280 + PBPCs.

title: The @entity436 antagonist @entity9019 releases a subset of XXXX -primed peripheral blood progenitor cells with specific gene expression characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity19272 ( @entity19272 ) is a newly recognized syndrome that bears much discussion in regard to its distinction from @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). In vivo microscopic examination of the nailbed capillaries has elicited the description of a characteristic vascular pattern seen in @entity7087 , and mixed @entity2597 . To clarify the capillaroscopic aspects of this syndrome and to seek criteria distinguishing it from @entity7087 , we performed nailbed capillary microscopy in 15 @entity1 with @entity19272 and compared the results of this examination with those in 98 @entity1 with @entity7087 and those in 75 normal control subjects. @entity1 AND METHODS: The diagnosis of @entity19272 was made in 15 @entity1 aged 25 to 69 years (average 43 years) who had an acute course, with painful @entity4 and @entity545 sparing the extremities. There was a peripheral @entity1712 in all 15 @entity1 . Twelve underwent muscle or deep cutaneous biopsy, including the fascia. Nine of these had fascial thickening, and an inflammatory cell infiltrate was observed in eight. The diagnosis of @entity7087 was made in 98 @entity1 , according to the usual criteria. Seventy-five normal control subjects were examined. All the capillaroscopic examinations were performed by one observer. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 in the @entity19272 group had a @entity2631 -like capillaroscopic pattern. Thirteen had normal results of capillary microscopy. Two had a nonspecific organic microangiopathic picture. In the group of 98 @entity1 with @entity7087 , 89 had numerous megacapillaries (p less than 0.001), seven had a nonspecific organic microangiopathic pattern, and two had normal findings (p less than 0.001). In the whole group of 75 control subjects, the features were normal. CONCLUSION: Our results show a clear distinction between the results of capillary microscopy in cases of @entity19272 and @entity7087 . The normal pattern in @entity19272 seems to be another argument for its differentiation from @entity7087 .

title: Capillary microscopy during eosinophilic fasciitis in 15 XXXX : distinction from systemic scleroderma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous sclerotic induration']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity19272 :: ('MESH:C562487', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilic fasciitis', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['PSS dermatomyositis', 'progressive systemic sclerosis', 'PSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effectiveness of a new ovarian stimulation (OS) protocol before IVF. DESIGN: Prospective clinical randomized trial. SETTING: Private centers. @entity1 (S): Three hundred and twenty-three intended-to-treat @entity1 candidates for IVF. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 were divided into three groups and administered the following treatments: group A, recombinant hFSH from day 3 until follicles reached 13-14 mm, when recombinant hFSH was lowered to 75 IU daily and daily injections of 200 IU of hCG and a GnRH antagonist were administered until final maturation; group B, recombinant hFSH and a GnRH antagonist; group C, recombinant hFSH and a GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary outcome was the number of mature oocytes. Secondary outcomes included average initial and total recombinant hFSH dosage, serum E2 level on day of ovulation, number of oocytes retrieved, fertilization, number of top-quality embryos, endometrial thickness, implantation rate, pregnancy rate (PR), and incidence of @entity43 ( @entity43 ). RESULT(S): The numbers of oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes, fertilization, top-quality embryos, and embryos transferred were comparable in all groups. Implantation rate, PR, and incidence of @entity43 were also comparable. The total dose of recombinant hFSH was significantly lower in group A (1,674.7 +/- 59.4 IU, vs. 2,197.9 +/- 77.8 IU in group B and 2,156.7 +/- 80.9 IU in group C). CONCLUSION(S): This new OS protocol permits follicles and oocytes to fully develop, helps generate top-quality embryos, avoids @entity3465 , establishes clinical pregnancies, reduces administration of recombinant hFSH, minimizes costs, and does not increase the chances of @entity43 .

title: Ovarian stimulation with daily late follicular phase administration of low-dose XXXX chorionic gonadotropin for in vitro fertilization: a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovulation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Blood @entity3151 was measured in consecutive 136 admitted @entity1 in the department of general surgery between Oct. 1987 and Jan. 1988. It was found that 32 cases (23.5%) were with @entity5886 on perioperative period. Sixteen @entity1 with normal preoperative blood @entity3151 level undergoing digestive tract surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups, each was fasted for 7 days postoperation and given different kind of transfusions. Group 1, @entity1 were given 250 g of @entity413 daily with no @entity3151 , blood @entity3151 level was significantly decreased. Group 2, 250 g of @entity413 with 7.5 mmol of @entity1391 daily, blood @entity3151 level decreased slightly on the 2nd-4th day and returned back to normal on day 7. Group 3,500 g of @entity413 with 15 mmol of @entity1391 daily, blood @entity3151 level decreased moderately on the 2nd-4th day, and returned to normal level on day 7. Perioperative @entity5886 was attributed to: (1) Poor absorption or massive loss of @entity3151 through digestive tract. (2) Intracellular transferring of blood @entity3151 accompanied by the phosphorylation of @entity1735 . (3) Excessive excretion of @entity3151 through urine. The authors suggested that 7-9 mmol of @entity6546 per 100 kcal daily for the prevention and 7-15 mmol of @entity6546 per 1000 kcal daily for the treatment of @entity5886 .

title: [Perioperative XXXX in general surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharide']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5886 :: (MESH:D017674,Disease) :: ['hypophosphatemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a retrospective study, pooling data from two clinical trials in high risk soft @entity242 (STS) @entity1 , with the objective of comparing two different age groups: 15-29 years (adolescents and young adults (AYA) population) and >=  30 years. The aim was to determine prognostic factors for the AYA population. METHODS: @entity1 selected for analysis were treated in two randomised trials of adjuvant chemotherapy in STS (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) 62771 and 62931). A total of 793 @entity1 were included with a median follow-up (FU) of 8.74 years (AYA population: n=161, median FU 9.46 years; @entity1 >=  30 years: n=632, median FU 8.62 years). Study endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). The variables of the multivariate analysis were gender, subtype and grade, @entity5 size and localisation (limb versus other), absence or presence of local recurrence and treatment (control arm versus adjuvant chemotherapy). RESULTS: @entity1 ' characteristics were globally similar with two exceptions, histological subtype (p=0.0043) and @entity5 size (p<.0001). The commonest @entity242 subtype in the AYA population was @entity1352 (29%), whereas @entity1822 (18%), malignant @entity82 ( @entity12624 , presently being termed undifferentiated @entity242 (UPS), 16%) and @entity1821 (15%) were more frequent in @entity1 >=  30 years. For @entity1349 , independent favourable prognostic factors were low grade and small @entity5 size for both groups; radical resection and @entity12624 or @entity1821 subtype were favourable factors for @entity1 >=  30 years only. For @entity4557 , favourable prognostic factors were small @entity5 size and low grade for both groups; @entity5 location in the extremities was a favourable factor for the AYA population only, whereas radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy treatment were favourable factors for @entity1 >=  30y ears only. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences could be found concerning prognostic factors between the AYA population and older @entity1 . Interestingly, adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with improved @entity4557 only in @entity1 >=  30 years. The results may have further implications for the treatment of STS @entity1 in different age groups, as well as the design of future clinical trials.

title: Prognostic factors in adolescents and young adults (AYA) with high risk soft @entity242 (STS) treated by adjuvant chemotherapy: a study based on pooled European Organisation for Research and Treatment of XXXX (EORTC) clinical trials 62771 and 62931.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'tissue sarcoma', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the method and results of sentinel node biopsy including immunohistochemical examinations in resectable @entity14 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 2004 to April 2005, sentinel node biopsy was carried out with the dye method in 27 @entity1 operated on for @entity14 . The standard examination of sentinel nodes consisted in the evaluation of individual H_E-dyed specimens from bisection of the node. The negative sentinel nodes were examined with the use of immunohistochemistry against cytokeratins @entity1325 / @entity1326 . FINDINGS: The sentinel node was identified in 25 @entity1 (92.6%). In a routine histopathological examination it included @entity3 in 3 cases. The sentinel node was clean in one @entity1 whereas other regional nodes resected "en bloc" with the @entity5 included @entity3 . The sensitivity of the method was 75%, and the number of falsely negative results was 25%. Metastases (micrometastases) in the sentinel node were found in 2 other @entity1 (8%) in the immunohistochemical examination. This examination did not change the results of the analysis in the @entity1 with positive non-sentinel nodes and with the negative sentinel node in H_E dyeing. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of the method rose to 83.3% and the number of falsely negative results dropped to 16.7%. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The sentinel node biopsy using the dye method is a safe and relatively easy technique showing a high success rate (92.6%). 2. Low sensitivity of the method, as reflected in the literature, may result from lack of extended histopathological examinations performed on the sentinel node (e.g. immunohistochemistry). 3. Further research is necessary to determine the role and importance of the sentinel node biopsy in @entity14 .

title: Evaluation of the sentinel node biopsy in XXXX including the results of immunohistochemical examinations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: Word-priming studies have suggested that the associative disturbance of @entity161 may reflect aberrant spread of activation through the lexicon of the brain. To explore this, we examined lexical activation using a semantic word-priming paradigm coupled with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also wanted to determine whether brain activation to this paradigm correlated with relevant clinical symptom measures. In addition to completing clinical symptom measures, twelve chronic @entity1 and twelve demographically matched control subjects completed a lexical-decision semantic-priming paradigm developed as an event-related BOLD fMRI task. This paradigm consisted of words that differed in connectivity. Words with many connections between shared semantic associates are considered high in connectivity and produce the largest behavioral semantic priming effects in control subjects, while words with few connections between shared semantic associates are considered low in connectivity and produce a relatively smaller amount of semantic priming. In fMRI, a respective step-wise increase in activation from high connectivity to low connectivity to unrelated @entity5545 was expected for normal subjects. Controls showed the expected pattern of activation to word connectivity; however, @entity1 showed a less robust pattern of activation to word connectivity. Furthermore, this aberrant response correlated with measures of Auditory Hallucinations, Distractive Speech, Illogicality, and Incoherence. The @entity1 did not display left frontal and temporal activation as a function of the degree of word connectivity as seen in healthy controls. This may reflect a disease-related disturbance in functional connectivity of lexical activation, which in turn may be associated with clinical symptomatology.

title: Functional neuroimaging of word priming in males with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['word pairs']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: This study investigated the feasibility and effects of organ bath to be used for detection of bronchial function of non- @entity299 (NHBD) lung after 1-h warm @entity63 . Sixteen Swedish @entity1707 were divided into two groups randomly: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) group and NHBD with 1-h warm @entity63 (NHBD-1 h) group. The bronchial rings whose lengths and inner diameters were both 1.5 mm were obtained from isolated left lungs of all the @entity1707 . @entity934 , @entity1426 natrium and @entity3302 were used to test and compare the contractile and relaxant function of bronchial smooth muscles and epithelium-dependent relaxation (EpiDR) response between @entity299 and NHBD-1 h groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the values of bronchial precontraction between @entity299 and NHBD-1 h groups (5.18+/-0.07 vs 5.10+/-0.11 mN, P>0.05). No significant difference in the values of EpiDR responses between @entity299 and NHBD-1 h groups (1.26+/-0.05 vs 1.23+/-0.07 mN, P>0.05) was observed either. During the process of EpiDR induction, the rings had no spontaneous relaxation in two groups. In addition, @entity3302 solution completely relaxed the bronchial smooth muscles of all bronchial rings. It was concluded that after warm @entity63 for 1 h, the contractile and relaxant abilities of bronchial smooth muscles, and the epithelium-dependent adjustment both kept intact. Organ bath model could be a liable and scientific way to evaluate the bronchial function of NHBD lung.

title: Detection of bronchial function of NHBD lung following one-h warm XXXX by organ bath model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HBD', 'heart-beating donor']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1665 ( @entity1665 ) is a common problem in @entity1 of all ages, affecting approximately 50% at 50 years of age. The underlying cause is an @entity342 -dependent miniaturization of genetically predetermined hair follicles. Here, the hair organ culture model was used to investigate the effects of @entity251 and @entity5834 ; the latter being a promising candidate for hair growth stimulation. METHODS: Hair follicles from 14 biopsies, taken from the vertex areas from male @entity1665 @entity1 , were cultivated for 120-192 h in vitro with normal William's E medium (control) or William's E medium containing different concentrations of @entity251 and/or @entity5834 . Hair shaft elongation was measured daily and at the end of cultivation, cryosections of follicles were stained with Ki-67 to evaluate the degree and localization of keratinocyte proliferation. RESULTS: Significant growth suppression was found in hair follicles treated with 5 microg/ml @entity251 . This was counteracted by @entity5834 in concentrations of 0.001% and 0.005%. Moreover, @entity5834 alone led to a significant stimulation of hair follicle growth. These results were confirmed immunohistochemically by Ki-67 staining. CONCLUSIONS: @entity342 -dependent growth inhibition of ex vivo hair follicles from @entity1 suffering from @entity1665 was present in the @entity1 hair organ culture model, a constellation which may serve for future studies to screen new substances against @entity342 -dependent hair loss. @entity5834 was identified as a stimulator of @entity1 hair growth in vitro; a fact which may have important clinical impact in the management of @entity1665 .

title: Effect of @entity5834 and XXXX on the proliferation of @entity1 hair follicles in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['AGA', 'Androgenetic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large @entity1586 or @entity1127 that lie in anatomical locations that are difficult to access at endoscopy may not be suitable for endoscopic resection and therefore may require partial colectomy. This approach eradicates the polyp and allows an oncologic resection should the polyp prove to be malignant. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes of a laparoscopic approach for the management of these @entity1127 . METHODS: @entity1 referred for laparoscopic colectomy for @entity1586 were identified from the prospective colorectal laparoscopic surgery database. Demographics, operative details, and final pathology were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-one consecutive @entity1 (27 male) with a mean age of 68 +/- 11.4 years, ASA classification (1/2/3/4) of 0/21/27/3, and body mass index (BMI) of 26.5 +/- 4.9 were identified. Right (RHC) and left (LHC) colectomy was performed for 39 right and 12 left @entity1586 . Mean operating time (OT) was 87 +/- 30 min (81 for RHC, 105 for LHC) and mean hospital stay was 3.1 +/- 1.9 days. There were six complications (17.7%), including @entity834 (n = 1), @entity1744 (n = 2), @entity733 (n = 1), and exacerbation of preexisting medical conditions (n = 2). Four @entity1 were readmitted (7.8%); one required CT scan-guided @entity733 drainage (1.9%) and two required reoperation (3.9%). Five @entity1 (9.8%) were converted because of adhesions (n = 3), @entity28 (n = 1), and inability to identify the area that was tattooed at colonoscopy (n = 1). Mean polyp size was 3.1 cm, and pathology revealed tubular (n = 14), tubulovillous (n = 33) and @entity5493 (n = 2), pseudopolyp (n = 1), and prolapse of the appendix into the cecum mimicking an @entity652 (n = 1). High-grade @entity1141 was seen in four tubular (33%) and five @entity652 (15.5%). @entity420 not identified at colonoscopy was found in 11 @entity1127 (20%), 9 tubulovillous (27.8%) and both @entity5493 (100%). CONCLUSIONS: Large @entity1586 unresectable at colonoscopy are associated with a high rate of unsuspected @entity5 . This requires a formal colectomy rather than transcolonic polypectomy. Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these @entity1127 with the benefits of accelerated postoperative recovery.

title: Outcome of laparoscopic colectomy for XXXX not suitable for endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma', 'villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['tubulovillous adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: We investigated the influence of various lifestyle factors on blood lead levels in a representative sample from the general adult population (i.e., > or = 18 y of age) of West Germany in 1987-1988. The overall mean blood lead level was 73 microg/l (standard deviation = 41.4 microg/l) in 834 @entity1 and 54 microg/l (standard deviation = 26.8 microg/l) in 1,065 @entity1 . In a multiple linear regression analysis, @entity167 consumption accounted for the largest proportion of variability in blood lead levels, followed by both age and smoking. Other significant contributing factors were gender, hematocrit, @entity460 intake, and consumption of milk and milk products. Wine had a greater effect on blood lead levels than beer (i.e., per g of @entity167 consumed). With respect to cigarette smoking (i.e., no. of cigarettes smoked/d), filterless cigarettes were associated with higher blood lead levels than filter-tipped cigarettes. In addition, smoking cigars, cigarillos, or a pipe resulted in higher blood lead levels than smoking only cigarettes. @entity167 consumption and smoking were independent contributors to blood lead levels in both @entity1 and @entity1 , but effects of @entity167 consumption were stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . We concluded that consumption of @entity167 and @entity286 represent major avoidable sources of lead exposure.

title: XXXX consumption and smoking habits as determinants of blood lead levels in a national population sample from Germany.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: The @entity1 @entity2690 (HI) Langmuir monolayer at the air-water interface was systematically investigated in the presence and absence of @entity43813 ions in the subphase. HI samples were dissolved in acidic (pH 2) and basic (pH 9) aqueous solutions and then spread at the air-water interface. Spectroscopic data of aqueous solutions of HI show a difference in HI conformation at different pH values. Moreover, the dynamics of the @entity2690 protein showed a dependence on the concentration of @entity43813 ions. In the absence of @entity43813 ions in the subphase, the acidic and basic solutions showed similar behavior at the air-water interface. In the presence of @entity43813 ions in the subphase, the surface pressure-area and surface potential-area isotherms suggest that HI may aggregate at the air-water interface. It was observed that increasing the concentration of @entity43813 ions in the acidic (pH 2) aqueous solution of HI led to an increase of the area at a specific surface pressure. It was also seen that the conformation of HI in the basic (pH 9) medium had a reverse effect (decrease in the surface area) with the increase of the concentration of @entity43813 ions in solution. From the compression-decompression cycles we can conclude that the aggregated HI film at air-water interface is not stable and tends to restore a monolayer of monomers. These results were confirmed from UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. Infrared reflection-absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy techniques were used to determine the secondary structure and orientation changes of HI by @entity219 ions. Generally, the aggregation process leads to a conformation change from a-helix to b-strand and b-turn, and at the air-water interface, the aggregation process was likewise seen to induce specific orientations for HI in the acidic and basic media. A proposed surface orientation model is presented here as an explanation to the experimental data, shedding light for further research on the behavior of @entity2690 as a Langmuir monolayer.

title: Study of the aggregation of @entity1 XXXX Langmuir monolayer.

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Fifty-three @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ) were treated with a combined modality treatment consisting of three cycles of induction chemotherapy before definitive surgery and/or radiotherapy. Two additional cycles of the same chemotherapy were given after local-regional therapy. The chemotherapeutic regimen included @entity900 100 mg/m2 on day 1, @entity1487 1000 mg/m2 as a continuous infusion on days 2-6, @entity1732 15 units i.m. on days 15 and 29, @entity1138 4 mg/m2 i.v. on day 22 and @entity1862 1000 mg/m2 p.o. on days 23-27. Each cycle was repeated every 42 days. Forty-nine @entity1 are evaluable for response. There were 37 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 , with a median age of 58 years (range 18-75 years) and performance status of 80 (range 40-90). Sixteen @entity1 (33%) demonstrated a complete response, 20 (41%) a partial response, yielding a 74% response rate to induction chemotherapy; 12 (24%) @entity1 had stable disease and 1 (2%) progressive disease. The actuarial survival of those @entity1 who completed the whole treatment program was 65% at 2 years and 47% at 3 years. @entity137 included @entity1209 (66%). @entity417 (34%), @entity1431 (54%), @entity882 (22%), @entity3136 (36%), @entity294 (10%), @entity1665 (78%), @entity393 (4%) and transient @entity1011 elevation (2%). The results of the present study showed that induction chemotherapy with the above regimen produced a high rate of complete responses and can be safely combined with local-regional therapy to improve @entity5 control and increase disease-free survival in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 .

title: Induction chemotherapy with @entity900 , XXXX , @entity1732 , @entity1138 and @entity1862 for previously untreated locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hear impairment']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity417 is the most common puerperal complication which increases the risk of maternal morbidity in postpartal period with incidence of up to 56% of @entity1 . In 90% cases the etiology of postpartal @entity417 is decreased serum @entity68 level. @entity548 (loss of blood more than 0.5 L during labor) is the cause of @entity417 in 5-10% of @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 4009 postpartal @entity1 with normal pregnancy and delivery who gave birth during the year 1997 at our Department. There were 3305 @entity1 with vaginal delivery and 704 @entity1 who had cesarean section. @entity417 was diagnosed when the hemoglobin serum concentrations were less than 100 g/L (6.21 mmol/L) and hematocrit less than 0.31. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Although about three quarters of pregnant @entity1 had 8 and more obstetrical controls and 3 and more ultrasound examinations during pregnancy, only half of them had blood count control 3 or more times. Blood count was checked 3 or more times during pregnancy in 54.98% @entity1 and 32.9% of all @entity1 took @entity68 medication during pregnancy but no longer than 12 weeks. Before pregnancy 0.6% of @entity1 had @entity417 , and after the delivery that number increased to 25.41% with no significant differences between those who had vaginal delivery and those with cesarean section. The incidence of newborns with @entity417 was 5.11% in both groups. These results show that @entity417 of mother has no influence on @entity417 of the newborn who has its own mechanisms of compensation. The etiology of puerperal @entity417 was in 79.18% @entity1 caused by low serum @entity68 levels with no differences between both groups, but @entity281 caused @entity417 was more frequent in @entity1 with cesarean section (11.8%) than in @entity1 with vaginal delivery (0.36%). CONCLUSION: Although one third of pregnant @entity1 take @entity68 medication during pregnancy, every third @entity1 has @entity417 after delivery, both vaginal delivery and cesarean section. @entity1 who had cesarean section had @entity417 more frequently caused by @entity281 . @entity417 is 5 times more frequent in the mother than in her newborn. Prophylactic @entity68 medications during pregnancy are not recommended, but more frequent control of blood count during pregnancy is required, as well as adequate therapy of @entity417 .

title: [Postpartum XXXX --incidence and etiology].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Postpartal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: The term toxin was introduced by Roux and Yersin and describes macromolecular substances that, when produced during @entity281 or when introduced parenterally or orally, cause an impairment of physiological functions that lead to disease or to the death of the infected organism. Long after the discovery of toxins, early genetic studies on bacterial virulence demonstrated that removing a certain number of genes from pathogenic bacteria decreases their capacity to infect hosts. Each of the removed factors was therefore referred to as a "virulence factor," and it was speculated that non-pathogenic bacteria lack such supplementary factors. However, many recent comparative studies demonstrate that the specialization of bacteria to eukaryotic hosts is associated with massive gene loss. We recently demonstrated that the only features that seem to characterize 12 @entity3082 bacteria are toxin-antitoxin (TA) modules, which are addiction molecules in host bacteria. In this study, we investigated if protein toxins are indeed the only molecules specific to pathogenic bacteria by comparing 14 @entity3082 bacterial killers (" @entity1835 bugs") with their 14 closest non- @entity3082 relatives ("controls"). We found protein toxins in significantly more elevated numbers in all of the " @entity1835 bugs." For the first time, statistical principal components analysis, including genome size, GC%, TA modules, restriction enzymes, and toxins, revealed that toxins are the only proteins other than TA modules that are correlated with the pathogenic character of bacteria. Moreover, intracellular toxins appear to be more correlated with the pathogenic character of bacteria than secreted toxins. In conclusion, we hypothesize that the only truly identifiable phenomena, witnessing the convergent evolution of the most pathogenic bacteria for @entity1 are the loss of metabolic activities, i.e., the outcome of the loss of regulatory and transcription factors and the presence of protein toxins, alone, or coupled as TA modules.

title: Comparative genomics evidence that only protein toxins are tagging XXXX bugs.

answer: @entity1835 :: (572,Gene) :: ['bad']


abstract: @entity8 is accompanied by characteristic alterations of lipoprotein metabolism, which appear as a consequence of @entity1985 or @entity177 and are primarily reflected in an altered apolipoprotein profile rather than elevated plasma lipid levels. Their full characterization requires identification of discrete lipoprotein particles. While @entity1985 results in increased concentrations of both @entity165 - and @entity412 -rich apoB-containing lipoproteins, @entity177 is characterized by an accumulation of intact or partially metabolised @entity412 -rich apoB-containing lipoproteins. The @entity2299 has been discussed as a contributory factor for the progression of @entity177 through development of @entity631 and @entity75 together with accelerated @entity731 . Several experimental studies have shown that @entity407 accelerates @entity8 . Lipid-lowering treatment can @entity8 and preserve renal function. The documentation in @entity1 nondiabetic progressive @entity177 is more limited. We have found that increased concentrations of @entity412 -rich, but not @entity165 -rich, apoB-containing lipoproteins are, associated with a more rapid loss of renal function. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the relation between @entity412 -rich apoB-containing lipoproteins and progression of @entity177 are not fully understood. Treatment with hypolipemic drugs may attenuate the @entity8 , but thus far there have been no reports about controlled clinical trials testing the possible effect of such treatment on the progression of @entity177 . In summary, there is evidence to suggest that some specific @entity66 are a risk factor for the progression of @entity8 , but the final test of such assumptions still rests on the results of urgently needed controlled intervention studies.

title: XXXX as a risk factor for progressive @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal dyslipidemia', 'renal damage', 'reduce renal lesions', 'Renal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Lipoprotein abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity8038 , the most recent development in the treatment has been the intravitreal injection of anti- @entity7 agents. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab as the initial treatment for @entity8038 in @entity1 and adults. METHODS: The study included 14 @entity4806 @entity1 and five adult @entity1 with @entity8038 . They were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25  mg/0.05  ml) as the initial treatment, combined with or without other treatments. The analyses included the evaluation of basic clinical conditions. RESULTS: In the @entity4806 group, after a mean of 9.1  months of follow-up, the differences in visual acuity were significant for the comparisons between the baseline examination and the follow-up examinations carried out at weeks 6, 12, and 24 after the baseline (P   =   0.006, P   =   0.004, P   =   0.005 respectively). Vitreoretinal @entity82 was observed in three @entity1 (n   =   3, 21.4  %), among whom two showed @entity82 before treatment. All of the @entity4806 @entity1 showed a resolution of fluid and exudation, and regression of the @entity8721 . In the adult group, after a mean of 10.6  months of follow-up, the differences in visual acuity were not statistically significant (P   >   0.05) between the baseline and follow-up examinations. Vitreoretinal @entity82 (n   =   2, 40  %) was observed in two @entity1 who both showed @entity82 before treatment. All of the adult @entity1 showed a resolution of fluid and exudation, and regression of the @entity8721 . The differences in the change of BCVA between @entity1 and adults were not significant (P   >   0.05) during the follow-up examinations. CONCLUSION: The intravitreal injection of bevacizumab as the initial treatment is associated with a measurable gain in visual acuity in @entity1 with @entity8038 . Resolution of the subretinal fluid and exudation, and regression of the @entity8721 were observed in both @entity4806 and adult @entity1 . Vitreoretinal @entity82 may be one of the natural courses of @entity8038 , and it remains uncertain whether bevacizumab accelerates the @entity82 phenomenon.

title: The effect of intravitreal bevacizumab injection as the initial treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity8038 :: ('MESH:D058456', 'Disease') :: ["Coats' disease"]

answer: @entity8038 :: (MESH:D058456,Disease) :: ['Coats' disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: By analyzing bone scans we aimed to determine whether the assessment of the central skeleton is sufficient for osseous staging in @entity0 @entity1 . This might be of interest for future staging modalities, especially positron emission tomography/computed tomography, usually sparing the peripheral extremities, as well as the skull. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 837 bone scans for initial staging or restaging of @entity0 were included. A total of 291 bone scans in 172 @entity1 were positive for bone @entity3 . The localization and distribution of the @entity3 were re-evaluated by two readers in consensus. The extent of the central skeleton involvement was correlated to the incidence of peripheral @entity3 . RESULTS: In all 172 @entity1 bone @entity3 were seen in the central skeleton (including the proximal third of humerus and femur). In 34 @entity1 (19.8 %) peripheral @entity3 of the extremities (distally of the proximal third of humerus and femur) could be detected. Sixty-four @entity1 (37.2 %) showed @entity3 of the skull. Summarizing the @entity3 of the distal extremities and skull, 79 @entity1 (45.9 %) had peripheral @entity3 . None of the @entity1 showed peripheral @entity3 without any affliction of the central skeleton. The incidence of peripheral @entity3 significantly correlated with the extent of central skeleton involvement (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Regarding bone scans, an isolated metastatic spread to the peripheral skeleton without any manifestation in the central skeleton seems to be the exception. Thus, the assessment of the central skeleton should be sufficient in osseous @entity0 and restaging. However, in case of central @entity3 , additional imaging of the periphery should be considered for staging and restaging.

title: Is the assessment of the central skeleton sufficient for osseous staging in @entity0 XXXX ? A retrospective approach using bone scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer staging']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present our findings in a series of T1 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) treated with excision of the @entity5 surrounded by a minimal layer of grossly normal parenchyma. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 43 @entity1 who underwent elective nephron-sparing surgery performed with enucleoresection were studied retrospectively. None of the @entity1 had preoperative or intraoperative suspicion of positive nodes and were free from distant metastases before surgery (N0, M0). @entity1 status was last evaluated in January 2006. RESULTS: Median age was 58.7 years (35-78). Median @entity5 size was 3.3 cm (1.5-7). There were no major complications such as @entity548 and urinary leakage/ urinoma requiring re-operation. Pathological stage was pT1a in 38 (89%), pT1b in 4 (9%) and pT3a in 1 (2%) @entity1 . Median followup was 32 months (6-89). A total of 5 @entity1 with @entity1358 had died as of January 2006. Overall, 3 (6.9%) @entity1 had disease progression, of whom 2 (4.6%) were local recurrence, 1 alone and 1 associated with distant metastases. The overall cancer-specific survival was 95.4%, and the overall progression-free survival was 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Enucleoresection reproduces the results of partial and radical nephrectomy with minimal morbidity. It is a safe and acceptable approach for elective nephronsparing surgery.

title: Enucleoresection for the elective treatment of XXXX : can it be the treatment of choice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['small renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to externally validate a new dosing scheme for @entity1863 . Thirty-seven adult @entity1 who received @entity1863 as conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) participated in this prospective study. @entity1 were randomized to receive intravenous @entity1863 , either as the conventional dosage (3.2 mg/kg daily) or according to the new dosing scheme based on their actual body weight (ABW) (23*ABW(0.5) mg daily) targeting an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of 5924   M  min. Pharmacokinetic profiles were collected using a limited sampling strategy by randomly selecting 2 time points at 3.5, 5, 6, 7 or 22 hours after starting @entity1863 administration. Using an established population pharmacokinetic model with NONMEM software, @entity1863 concentrations at the available blood sampling times were predicted from dosage history and demographic data. The predicted and measured concentrations were compared by a @entity227 ( @entity227 ). Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimators were estimated to calculate the predicted AUC (AUCPRED). The accuracy and precision of the AUCPRED values were assessed by calculating the @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), and compared with the target AUC of 5924   M  min. @entity227 showed that most data fell within the 95% prediction interval. @entity2246 and @entity2246 of AUCPRED were -5.8% and 20.6%, respectively, in the conventional dosing group and -2.1% and 14.0%, respectively, in the new dosing scheme group. These fi ndings demonstrated the validity of a new dosing scheme for daily intravenous @entity1863 used as conditioning therapy for HCT.

title: Prospective validation of a novel dosing scheme for intravenous @entity1863 in adult XXXX undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VPC', 'visual predictive check']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['RMSE', 'MPE', 'root mean squared prediction error', 'mean prediction error']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity31 , total proctocolectomy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity694 or @entity5 because of the high risk for @entity5 . It is unknown whether @entity1 with @entity30 and @entity694 or @entity1141 have a similar risk. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 75 @entity1 treated at our center from 2001 to 2011 with @entity30 and @entity694 who underwent segmental resection or subtotal colectomy (STC). We then identified the presence or absence of subsequent @entity694 or @entity1141 in these @entity1 during the follow-up (0-19 years). RESULTS: Of the 64 @entity1 with @entity694 , 25 had at least 1 @entity5 (39%). The mean time to a new @entity5 was 6.8 years. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 (21/25) were undergoing annual screening colonoscopy. Of the 11 @entity1 with @entity1141 , 5 (46%) had a new @entity1141 . Mean time to a new @entity75 was 5.0 years. Nineteen of the 47 @entity1 (40%) who had a segmental resection for @entity694 developed @entity5 and 6/17 @entity1 (35%) with a STC had @entity5 . Two of the 4 @entity1 (50%) with STC for @entity1141 (50%) had a new @entity1141 and 3/7 @entity1 (43%) with segmental resection had a new @entity1141 . There was no significant difference (P = 0.61) between recurrence rates in @entity1 with segmental resection versus STC. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of metachronous @entity694 after surgical resection suggests that total proctocolectomy should be considered. Larger studies are required to determine if the same is true for @entity1141 .

title: High rates of metachronous XXXX or @entity1141 after segmental resection or subtotal colectomy in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous neoplasia', 'cancer', 'metachronous cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is believed to be the major cause for detriments in @entity301 , but few effective therapies for prevention or treatment of I/R injury are available. @entity38993 (GP) is the predominant effective component of @entity38994 and possesses capacities against @entity32 and oxidation. In the present study, the role of GP in ameliorating @entity741 was investigated. METHODS: effect GP on the @entity299 of I/R injured @entity35 was assessed by H_E and TTC staining. Then the influence of GP on the cardiac function of @entity35 model was determined by measuring hemodynamics parameters, levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and @entity908 kinase (CK). Thereafter, effect of GP on apoptotic process was evaluated with both @entity35 and cell models. The production of molecules related to ER stress and apoptosis was quantified for revelation of pathways involved in the myocardial protective effect of GP. RESULTS: Impairments in @entity299 due to I/R injury was ameliorated by GP treatment. And it was evidently demonstrated that administration of GP not only effectively decreased the apoptotic rates in both @entity35 and cell models but also markedly improved the cardiac function of I/R injured @entity35 . In addition, results of western blotting revealed that the GP inhibited ER-stress and apoptosis through the blockade of @entity21206 pathway and activation of @entity21203 / @entity2308 pathway. CONCLUSION: the current study showed the potential of GP to alleviate @entity741 and preliminarily uncovered the underling mechanism driving this treatment.

title: @entity38993 Protects against @entity741 -Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis via Inhibition of @entity21206 Pathway and Activation of XXXX / @entity2308 Pathway In Vivo and In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity38993 :: ('MESH:C474918', 'Chemical') :: ['Gypenoside']

entities_list: @entity38994 :: ('182084', 'Species') :: ['Gynostemma pentaphyllum']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac structure']

answer: @entity21203 :: (298947(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['PI3K']


abstract: In contrast to adults, @entity1167 in @entity1 and @entity1 is rarely an acute, primary @entity299 . Instead, it is often the terminal event in a progressive deterioration of respiratory or circulatory function. Successful resuscitation from @entity1167 therefore is unusual in the paediatric @entity1 and most survivors have persistent @entity16 . Rapid vascular access and recall of drug dosages are major obstacles in treating @entity341 . This paper reviews vascular access and alternative drug delivery methods. The endotracheal and intraosseous routes provide alternative sites for drug delivery, but the optimal doses and methods of drug administration via these routes are unknown. Indeed, although great progress in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) research has been made over the past 10 years, there are only limited data on paediatric arrest mechanisms and drug treatment. In this paper, recommended dosages and mechanisms of action of drugs useful during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are reviewed, highlighting recent data which suggest that changes in current drug recommendations may be needed. To avoid delays in management, precalculated tables of drugs should be readily available in emergency departments and other care areas where paediatric cases are likely to be seen. @entity1425 ( @entity1425 ) remains the drug of choice in a @entity1167 , but the most effective dose may be higher than currently used. Treatment of @entity520 during the arrest concentrates on restoration of ventilation and blood flow and not on @entity3157 administration. In the post-arrest setting increasing data suggest @entity3157 may not be beneficial and may actually be detrimental. @entity460 and @entity3897 also have relatively minor roles in resuscitation pharmacology. @entity460 is only indicated to treat hypocalcaemia, counteract the effects of hyperkalaemia or hypermagnesaemia, or reverse @entity460 channel blocker @entity137 . Finally, the role of @entity3044 ( @entity3044 ), @entity935 , @entity452 and @entity1425 infusions to restore or maintain cardiovascular stability post-arrest is reviewed.

title: Drug therapy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline', 'adrenaline', 'epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric emergencies']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) on baseline brain MRI and recurrent @entity64 in young adults with first-ever @entity385 . METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study of adult @entity1 aged 18-50 years with first-ever @entity385 investigated by brain MRI between 2002 and 2009. Silent @entity4798 (SBIs) were defined as focal T2 hyperintensities >=  3 mm without corresponding focal symptoms, and @entity10334 was defined as focal, multifocal, or confluent hyperintensities on T2-weighted sequences. The primary outcome was recurrent @entity64 . A forward stepwise Cox regression model was used to determine whether @entity2806 were independently associated with recurrent @entity64 . RESULTS: A total of 271 eligible @entity1 were identified in the database: 89 did not undergo MRI imaging and 12 @entity1 had inadequate follow-up, leaving a study population of 170 @entity1 . MRI demonstrated @entity2806 in 48 of 170 (28.2) @entity1 . No @entity1 had @entity10334 . @entity101 (p = 0.049), @entity2795 (p = 0.02), and @entity65 (p = 0.04) were associated with @entity13763 . Mean follow-up duration was 25    7 months. Among @entity1 with @entity2806 , 11 of 48 (23%) had a recurrent @entity64 vs 8 of 122 (6.5%) @entity1 without @entity13763 (p = 0.003). After multivariate Cox regression, @entity2806 remained independently associated with recurrent @entity64 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-8.6, p = 0.02), as did the combination of SBIs and @entity10334 (HR 7.3, 95% CI 2.3-22.9, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In adults  <= 50 years old with first-ever @entity385 , @entity2806 are common and independently predict recurrent @entity64 .

title: Silent XXXX in young adults with first @entity64 are associated with recurrent @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['silent ischemic lesions', 'SILs']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis', 'isolated leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['ischemic lesions']


abstract: This study was undertaken to examine whether there is an association between parity and age at first birth and risk of @entity43 . The study cohort consisted of all @entity1 with a record of a first and singleton childbirth in the Birth Register between 1978 and 1984. We tracked @entity1 from the time of their first childbirth to December 31, 2003, and their vital status was ascertained by linking records with the computerized mortality database. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the relative risks (RR) of @entity204 from @entity43 associated with parity and age at first birth. There were 322 @entity43 deaths during 27,402,995.5 @entity1 -years of follow-up. The mortality rate of @entity43 was 1.18 cases per 100,000 @entity1 -years. A trend of increasing risk of @entity43 was seen with increasing age at first birth. The adjusted RR was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.52-0.90) for @entity1 who bore two @entity1 , and 0.30 (95% CI = 0.21-0.42) for @entity1 with three or more births, respectively, when compared with @entity1 who had given birth to only one @entity1 . There was a significant decreasing trend in the adjusted RR of @entity43 with increasing parity. This study provides evidence that parity may confer a protective effect on the risk of @entity43 .

title: Age at first birth, parity, and risk of XXXX from @entity43 in Taiwan: a country of low incidence of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'person', 'child']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies relating increased @entity2871 (TX) biosynthesis to cardiovascular risk factors do not answer the question whether platelet activation is merely a consequence of more prevalent @entity731 or reflects the influence of metabolic and hemodynamic disturbances on platelet biochemistry and function. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 64 @entity1 with @entity3657 and 64 age- and sex-matched control subjects. TXA2 biosynthesis was investigated in relation to cardiovascular risk factors by repeated measurements of the urinary excretion of its major enzymatic metabolite, @entity42338 , by radioimmunoassay. Urinary @entity42338 was significantly (P = .0001) higher in @entity1 with @entity3657 (57 +/- 26 ng/h) than in control subjects (26 +/- 7 ng/h). Seventy percent of @entity1 had metabolite excretion > 2 SD above the normal mean. However, @entity42338 excretion was enhanced only in association with cardiovascular risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity6 , @entity1007 , and @entity101 were independently related to @entity42338 excretion. During a median follow-up of 48 months, 8 @entity1 experienced major vascular events. These @entity1 had significantly (P = .001) higher @entity42338 excretion at baseline than @entity1 who remained event free. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of @entity3657 per se is not a trigger of platelet activation in vivo. Rather, the rate of TXA2 biosynthesis appears to reflect the influence of coexisting disorders such as @entity6 , @entity1007 , and @entity101 on platelet biochemistry and function. Enhanced TXA2 biosynthesis may represent a common link between such diverse risk factors and the @entity715 complications of @entity3657 .

title: @entity6 , XXXX , and @entity101 but not vascular disease per se are associated with persistent platelet activation in vivo. Evidence derived from the study of @entity3657 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['large-vessel peripheral arterial disease', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: @entity5 are today becoming a more and more common cause of @entity1143 and thereby also a major indication for thoracoscopy. To facilitate the choice of the most suitable diagnostic procedure, a method of estimating the risk of @entity5 is required. In order to present such a method, 334 @entity1 with @entity1143 were examined. The predictive value for @entity5 was determined for 7 variables, viz. the @entity1 's sex, age, smoking habits, asbestos exposure, size of effusion, @entity456 and eosinophils. The variables were evaluated both separately, combining two by two and by a logistic regression function. Malignant effusions were revealed in 47% of the @entity1 . A bloody pleural fluid showed the strongest positive predictive value for @entity5 , while greater than 30% eosinophils in the fluid had the strongest negative predictive value. The predictive value was further improved by combining @entity456 and eosinophils. A logistic regression function using all 7 registered variables could discriminate correctly between malignant and non- @entity5 in 79% of all cases. Thus, @entity1 at significant risk of having a @entity5 could be identified and referred for further examinations if needed. Thoracoscopy should be the method of choice for further examination of these @entity1 as it reveals significant additional information beyond that achieved by cytology.

title: Prediction of the diagnostic utility of thoracoscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Malignancies', 'malignant disease', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fluid colour']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity1118 experience @entity2531 , such as @entity25 . Evidence suggests that @entity158 and sleep exist in a bidirectional relationship in @entity158 causes @entity25 and @entity25 intensifies @entity158 . This association can impair a @entity1 's daily function and decrease quality of life. Evidence suggests that @entity1 with @entity1118 can use opioid analgesics or other @entity158 medications to control their @entity158 and, in turn, improve some measures of sleep. This may include subjective sleep measures such as increased sleep time, and, as evidenced in recent studies, objective sleep measures such as @entity25 . SCOPE: The role of effective analgesia in the improvement of @entity158 -related @entity25 is discussed herein, specifically the risks and benefits of opioid therapy for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1118 and disturbed sleep. MEDLINE and PubMed searches were conducted to locate relevant studies dated from January 1975 to April 2008. English-only randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies were considered. FINDINGS: Numerous studies support the benefits of effective analgesia with opioid therapy on sleep. CONCLUSION: @entity158 control achieved with pharmacotherapy, specifically opioid therapy, may help to improve sleep in @entity1 for which opioid therapy is appropriate.

title: Sleep disturbances in XXXX with @entity1118 : effectively managing opioid analgesia to improve outcomes.

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'which pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep efficiency', 'difficulty falling and staying asleep and less restful sleep', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity377 sequence of clone pTT26 (3786 bp), containing the gene for 1,3-beta-glucanase LamA (laminarinase) from @entity21664 , was determined. It contains an ORF encoding a protein of 646 aa (73328 Da). The central part of the protein is homologous to the complete catalytic domain of bacterial and some eukaryotic endo-1,3-beta-D-glucanases and belongs to family 16 of glycosyl hydrolases. This domain is flanked on both sides by one copy on each side of a substrate binding domain homologue (family II). The recombinant laminarinase protein was purified from @entity526 host cells in two forms, a 73 kDa and a processed 52 kDa protein, both having high specific activity towards laminarin (3100 and 2600 U mg-1, respectively) and K(m) values of 2.8 and 2.2 mg ml-1, respectively. Limited activity on @entity43997 (lichenan) was detected (90 U mg-1). @entity26538 was degraded in an endoglucanase modus, yielding @entity413 , @entity40145 and - @entity38398 as end products. Thus LamA classifies as an endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6). The optimum temperature of the enzymes was 95 degrees C (73 kDa) and 85 degrees C (52 kDa) at an optimum pH of 6.2. The superior thermostability of the 73 kDa enzyme is demonstrated by incubation without substrate at 100 degrees C, where 57% of the initial activity remained after 30 min (82% at 95 degrees C). Thus, LamA is the most thermostable 1,3-beta-glucanase described to date.

title: Highly thermostable endo-1,3-beta-glucanase (laminarinase) LamA from XXXX : @entity377 sequence of the gene and characterization of the recombinant gene product.

entities_list: @entity26538 :: ('MESH:C008247', 'Chemical') :: ['Laminarin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity40145 :: ('MESH:C014637', 'Chemical') :: ['laminaribiose']

entities_list: @entity21664 :: ('2337', 'Species') :: ['Thermotoga neapolitana']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity21664 :: (2337,Species) :: ['Thermotoga neapolitana']