abstract: Purpose: Beneficial expectations of supplement therapies to increase the transport of nutrients, vitamins, and antioxidants across Bruch's membrane in @entity1020 , by mass action alone, remain inconclusive. Therefore, the potential for targeting the transport pathways themselves to improve bidirectional exchange using amphipathic steroidal glycosides ( @entity13885 ) has been investigated. Methods: Bruch's choroid preparations were mounted in modified Ussing chambers and basal levels of hydraulic conductivity (23 donors, age range, 12-89 years) and diffusional transport of @entity2823 -albumin (21 donors, age range, 12-92 years) quantified. Then, following a 24-hour incubation with @entity9245 preparations, the transport parameters were re-evaluated and the resulting data analyzed with respect to aging and modulation by @entity13885 . Results: Basal hydraulic conductivity of Bruch's showed an age-related exponential decline with a half-life of 19 years. Incubation with @entity13885 improved hydraulic conductivity with levels equivalent to donors 19 years younger. Across the age range examined, hydraulic conductivities were increased to 2.05-fold    0.38 (P < 0.001) of basal values. Diffusional transport of albumin across Bruch's also showed an age-related exponential decline with a half-life of 18 years. The decay curves were elevated on incubation with @entity13885 and diffusional rates were equivalent to donors 15 years younger. Diffusional rates were elevated 2.01-fold    0.49 over basal values (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Transport characteristics of @entity1 Bruch's can be improved by @entity13885 , facilitating the bidirectional exchange of nutrients and waste products across the membrane. With improved transport pathways, the need for supplement therapies becomes redundant. Slowed aging of Bruch's is expected to delay the onset and/or progression of @entity1020 .

title: Modulating the Transport Characteristics of Bruch's Membrane With Steroidal Glycosides and its Relevance to @entity1020 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity9245 :: ('D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside']

entities_list: @entity13885 :: ('MESH:D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenosides']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['AMD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3538 Background: @entity4309 is caused by a germ-line mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. Carriers are at high risks of @entity14 . To date, there have been only a few reports on single cases with de novo mutations in @entity6756 or @entity4311 . We now report a case series of de novo mutations in MMR genes from the @entity694 Family Registry. METHODS: Screening for germ-line @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity4638 and @entity14437 mutations was performed for: all incident @entity14 cases recruited from @entity5 registries (population-based probands) displaying @entity124 ( @entity124 ) or positive immunohistochemistry (IHC); and the earliest-onset @entity14 cases in multiple-case families recruited from clinics (clinic-based probands) regardless of @entity124 or IHC status. Mutation testing was performed by denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography, followed by confirmatory DNA sequencing. All relatives of probands with a deleterious mutation who donated a blood sample underwent testing for the mutation identified in the proband. For this study, a de novo mutation was defined as a mutation in a proband that was not detected in the parents, siblings, spouse, and @entity1 . RESULTS: Of 261 probands with MMR gene mutations for whom it was possible to classify the de novo status, six (2.3%; 95%CI 0.9-5.0%) were de novo and 255 (92.7%; 95%CI 95.0-99.1%) were not de novo. Of the de novo mutation carriers, three were in the 202 clinic-based probands (1.5%; 95%CI 0.3-4.5%) and three were in the 59 population-based probands (5.1%; 95%CI 1.2-14.5%). Two were in @entity6756 , three in @entity4311 , and one in @entity4638 (details in table). CONCLUSIONS: De novo mutations are rare causes of @entity4309 with prevalence in MMR gene mutation carriers of between 1 in 100 and 1 in 20. [Table: see text].

title: XXXX cases with de novo germ-line mutations in @entity6756 , @entity4311 , and @entity4638 from the @entity694 Family Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal (CRC), endometrial and some other cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon Cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5582 Background: @entity45335 ( @entity45335 ) is a @entity3276 ansamycin antibiotic that destabilizes @entity4041 ( @entity4041 ) complexes, including @entity8958 and @entity5 -involved proteins. @entity45335 promotes apoptosis and down-regulates @entity8958 in @entity259 cell lines. METHODS: Two one-stage phase II clinical trials were conducted to assess whether the 1 year (yr) treatment failure-free (TFF) rate with @entity45335 was at least 20% in @entity1 (pts) with locoregionally advanced/metastatic @entity11166 or in pts with DTC. Eligibility criteria included: measurable disease by RECIST criteria; ECOG status 0-2; adequate laboratory values, no significant @entity299 , and no active CNS @entity3 . @entity45335 dosing was 220 mg/m(2) IV over 2 hours (days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle). Treatment was discontinued for disease progression, unacceptable @entity137 or refusal. If 4 or more of 33 pts in a given cohort remained on treatment at 1 yr, @entity45335 would be considered promising in that cohort. Both trials were discontinued due to slow accrual. RESULTS: 41 pts were enrolled (Table). All pts were followed until @entity204 or a minimum of 13 months. The median number of cycles administered was 7 for @entity11166 and 4 for DTC. Severe (>= grade 3) @entity137 possibly related to treatment occurred in 4 @entity11166 pts and 9 DTC pts, the most common being grade 3 AST/ALT elevations. Reasons for discontinuation were: disease progression ( @entity11166 :10; DTC:8); refusal ( @entity11166 :4; DTC:2); @entity137 ( @entity11166 :2; DTC:3); desire for surgery (DTC:1); or @entity204 ( @entity11166 :1). 1 @entity11166 and 3 DTC completed one year of treatment. 1 @entity11166 pt had a partial response. 15 pts (10 DTC) died within one year of entry. CONCLUSIONS: @entity45335 appears to have only modest single agent activity in advanced @entity11166 and DTC. Supported by NCI N01-CM62205. [Table: see text].

title: XXXX in advanced medullary and differentiated @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity3276 :: ('MESH:C004532', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cancer']

entities_list: @entity45335 :: ('MESH:C112765', 'Chemical') :: ['17-allylaminogeldanamycin', '17-AAG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity45335 :: (MESH:C112765,Chemical) :: ['17-allylaminogeldanamycin']


abstract: Many @entity1577 @entity1 with @entity2782 receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics and chest physiotherapy (CPT) at home. Previous studies have suggested that home care, in the setting of a clinical study, is as efficacious as hospital care. This report compares the outcomes of home care with minimal supervision to outcomes of hospital care. We compared two groups of similar age and severity of @entity358 . @entity1 met strict definitions for home or hospital treatment (27 home care courses/33 hospital care courses). Five @entity1 completed six courses of both home care and hospital treatment. Treatment in both groups included intravenous antibiotics and CPT. Primary outcome measures included changes in pulmonary function between the start of treatment and after 2 weeks of therapy, duration of treatment, and intervals between antibiotic courses. In hospitalized @entity1 , forced vital capacity (FVC) increased by 17.4 +/- 3.1% (mean +/- SEM), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) increased by 23.3 +/- 4.1%, both significant at P < 0.001. The FVC and FEV1 of @entity1 treated at home increased by 10.2 +/- 2.0% and 13.7 +/- 2.6% respectively, neither of which was a significant improvement. Similar results were found in the five @entity1 completing both home and hospital courses. The average duration of treatment was twice as long and time between IV antibiotic courses only two-thirds as long for those treated at home compared with the hospitalized @entity1 . Previous reports have claimed that home care in the setting of a prospective study is as efficacious as hospital care. Our experience indicates that routine home care with minimal supervision of @entity1 is less effective than hospital care. Furthermore, home care as delivered to @entity1 in this report increased the overall cost of care by as much as 30% because of longer and more frequent courses of antibiotic therapy.

title: Effectiveness of home versus hospital care in the routine treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas lung infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung impairment']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shrimp and @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) @entity566 are common in Canadians. Often, both of these @entity566 occur in the same @entity1 . This may be due to homology of tropomyosin or other potentially shared proteins. The aim of our study was to assess the frequency of @entity6711 sensitization in a shrimp @entity56 Canadian population. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective chart review of shrimp @entity56 @entity1 at an outpatient @entity566 clinic in Kitchener, Ontario, Canada. Our primary endpoint was to assess for presence of @entity6711 sensitization in this population. @entity1 were categorized into approximate quartiles. We assessed the severity of the shrimp reactions, correlated shrimp skin test size to @entity6711 skin test size, and measured the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1109 . RESULTS: We identified 95 shrimp @entity56 @entity1 who were tested for @entity6711 . 86 (90.5%) of these @entity1 had a positive skin test to @entity6711 . @entity1 with a shrimp skin test >= 5  mm were 5.31 times  (95% CI, 1.55-18.14; p = 0.008) more likely to exhibit a dust mite skin test >= 5  mm than @entity1 with a shrimp skin test <5  mm. The odds of a @entity1 with a shrimp skin test between 10 and 18  mm having a larger @entity6711 skin test were 3.93 times (95% CI 1.03-14.98, p  =  0.045) the odds for a @entity1 with a shrimp skin test size between 3 and 4  mm. We did not find a correlation between shrimp skin test size and shrimp reaction symptom grade (p  =  0.301). CONCLUSION: In our Canadian @entity1 , we found a large majority of shrimp @entity56 @entity1 to be sensitized to @entity6711 . We found that @entity1 with a large skin test to shrimp were more likely to have a large skin test to @entity6711 compared to those @entity1 with a small skin test to shrimp. We did not find a correlation between shrimp skin test size and shrimp reaction symptom severity. Most of these @entity1 had symptoms of @entity2490 and/or @entity565 that may have been caused by @entity6711 @entity566 .

title: High rate of XXXX sensitization in a shrimp @entity56 southern Ontario population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['atopic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

answer: @entity6711 :: (MESH:D008924,Disease) :: ['house dust mite']


abstract: @entity556 has been suggested as one of the main pharmacologic targets in unstable coronary syndromes. Electrocardiographic signs of @entity63 during continuous monitoring convey prognostic information in these @entity1 . This study assessed the anti- @entity63 and clinical effects of the novel low-molecular weight @entity556 inhibitor @entity57655 in @entity1 with @entity1459 and non-Q-wave @entity1188 without persistent ST-segment elevation on hospital admission. Within 24 hours of the last episode of @entity662 , 324 @entity1 were randomized to 72 hours of treatment with @entity57655 or heparin. Continuous ST-segment analysis with computerized vectorcardiography was used to monitor @entity63 for 24 hours. The occurrence of @entity299 during the first 7 days were studied and compared with @entity63 episodes during the initial 24 hours. The heparin-treated @entity1 had less episodes of @entity63 (ST vector magnitude [ST-VM]: 1 +/- 2.6 vs 2 +/- 4.5, p < 0.001 and ST change vector magnitude [STC-VM]: 3 +/- 4.7 vs 6 +/- 7.6, p < 0.001) than the @entity1 receiving @entity57655 . This was paralleled by a lower incidence of the combined end point of death, nonfatal @entity1188 , refractory or recurrent angina during the first 7 days for the heparin-treated @entity1 (35%) compared with the @entity57655 -treated @entity1 (50%) (p < 0.05). @entity1 who had episodes of @entity63 in spite of anti- @entity63 therapy were at increased risk of all events studied. Heparin is more effective than @entity57655 in suppressing @entity741 and clinical events at short-term follow-up. Continuous ST-segment monitoring with vectorcardiography identifies nonresponders who are at an increased level of risk.

title: Heparin is more effective than XXXX , a low-molecular weight @entity556 inhibitor in suppressing @entity63 and recurrent angina in unstable coronary disease. @entity556 Inhibition in @entity741 (TRIM) Study Group.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity57655 :: ('MESH:C099871', 'Chemical') :: ['inogatran']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity57655 :: (MESH:C099871,Chemical) :: ['inogatran']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the supranuclear pathways for vertical gaze control are not well defined, lesions of the mesencephalic reticular formation including the nucleus of Darkschewitsch, the rostral interstitial medial longitudinal fasciculus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, and the posterior commissure are known to produce @entity346 . MRI studies have not previously reported isolated thalamic lesions as the cause of @entity346 . CASE DESCRIPTIONS: Three @entity1 with acute @entity912 of vertical gaze were imaged with MRI. Sagittal T1 and axial T1, T2, and proton-weighted images were obtained. All three @entity1 had repeated scans performed from 3 days to 6 weeks after the original study. Two @entity1 exhibited unilateral right thalamic @entity1188 (polar and paramedial territory), and one @entity1 had a bilateral paramedian @entity1188 . There was no evidence of @entity3308 on any of the images. CONCLUSIONS: @entity346 are known to be produced by lesions of the rostral interstitial medial longitudinal fasciculus. This MRI study reveals thalamic @entity1188 without associated @entity1188 in three @entity1 with @entity346 . This may be explained by interruption of supranuclear inputs.

title: XXXX from medial thalamic @entity1188 without @entity3308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain involvement']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain infarctions', 'infarctions', 'infarcts', 'thalamic infarction']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Vertical gaze palsies', 'vertical gaze palsies']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['Vertical gaze palsies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity6 are a prevalent and serious global health issue. Wound dressings are regarded as important components of @entity1066 treatment, with clinicians and @entity1 having many different types to choose from including hydrocolloid dressings. There is a range of different hydrocolloids available including fibrous-hydrocolloid and hydrocolloid (matrix) dressings. A clear and current overview of current evidence is required to facilitate decision-making regarding dressing use. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of hydrocolloid wound dressings with no dressing or alternative dressings on the healing of foot @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity6 . SEARCH METHODS: For this first update, in April 2013, we searched the following databases the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register; The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid MEDLINE (In-Process _ Other Non-Indexed Citations); Ovid EMBASE; and EBSCO CINAHL. There were no restrictions based on language or date of publication. SELECTION CRITERIA: Published or unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have compared the effects on @entity1066 of hydrocolloid with alternative wound treatments in the treatment of foot @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity6 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: We included five studies (535 @entity1 ) in the review: these compared hydrocolloids with basic wound contact dressings, foam dressings, alginate dressings and a topical treatment. Meta-analysis of two studies indicated no statistically significant difference in @entity1066 between fibrous-hydrocolloids and basic wound contact dressings: risk ratio 1.01 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.38). One of these studies found that a basic wound contact dressing was more cost-effective than a fibrous-hydrocolloid dressing. One study compared a hydrocolloid-matrix dressing with a foam dressing and found no statistically significant difference in the number of @entity1066 healed. There was no statistically significant difference in healing between an antimicrobial ( @entity575 ) fibrous-hydrocolloid dressing and standard alginate dressing; an antimicrobial dressing ( @entity1496 -impregnated) and a standard fibrous hydrocolloid dressing or a standard fibrous hydrocolloid dressing and a topical cream containing plant extracts. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Currently there is no research evidence to suggest that any type of hydrocolloid wound dressing is more effective in healing @entity4760 than other types of dressing or a topical cream containing plant extracts. Decision makers may wish to consider aspects such as dressing cost and the wound management properties offered by each dressing type e.g. exudate management.

title: Hydrocolloid dressings for healing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Direct detection of the gene mutation allows for the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of @entity164 ( @entity1903 ), the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant @entity164 worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To address the main difficulties in our national @entity1903 predictive testing program. The first was the emergence of intermediate alleles, for which it is not yet possible to determine whether they will cause disease. The second was the issue of homoallelism, ie, homozygosity for 2 normal alleles with exactly the same (CAG)(n) length, which occurs in about 10% of all test results. METHODS: A large pedigree with 1 affected @entity1 carrying a 71 and a 51 CAG repeat and 2 asymptomatic relatives carrying the 51 CAG repeat and normal-size alleles underwent clinical and molecular studies. Intragenic haplotypes for these alleles were determined. A representative sample of the healthy population in the region was obtained to assess the distribution of the normal (CAG)(n) length. We established the genotype for 4 intragenic polymorphisms in the gene for @entity1903 ( @entity1903 ) in 21 homoallelic individuals, to distinguish their 2 normal chromosomes. In addition, we developed a new Southern blot method to completely exclude cases of nonamplification of expanded alleles in the homoallelic individuals. RESULTS: The study of the family in which the 51 CAG repeat was found suggests that the allele is apparently not associated with disease. These intermediate alleles were not present in a large sample of the healthy population from the same region. Intragenic polymorphisms allowed distinction of the 2 different normal alleles in all cases of homoallelism. The absence of an expanded allele was also confirmed by Southern blot. CONCLUSIONS: We propose an improved protocol for molecular testing for @entity1903 . These strategies, developed to overcome the practical difficulties mostly in the presymptomatic and prenatal diagnosis of @entity1903 , should prove useful for other @entity2035 -related disorders.

title: Improvement in the molecular diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Machado-Joseph disease', 'spinocerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity2035 :: ('MESH:C097188', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglutamine']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Machado-Joseph disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary bladder are often observed without progression in the long-term follow-up period, although many of them experience recurrence of disease. It is difficult to accurately predict the disease outcome of each @entity1 with Ta/T1 @entity1606 using conventional prognostic criteria. In this study, we examined the usefulness of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the long-term disease outcome of @entity1 with @entity1606 of the urinary bladder. METHODS: A retrospective, prognostic study of 90 @entity1 with Ta/T1 @entity1606 of the urinary bladder, diagnosed by transurethral resection of the @entity150 between April 1981 and March 1985, and then followed up for 15 years or longer, was carried out. Data were analyzed using the Bayesian network tool of SPSS Neural Connection 2.1. The input neural data consisted of @entity5 stage, grade, @entity5 number, age, gender, @entity5 architecture and estimates of mean nuclear volume. The data set was randomly divided into 68 training and 22 testing examples for the prediction of disease progression and @entity5 recurrence within 15 years. RESULTS: During 15 years follow-up, @entity5 recurrence was noted in 42/90 (47%) Ta/T1 @entity5 . The ANN model could not predict @entity5 recurrence. Conversely, disease progression was noted in 17/90 (19%) Ta/T1 @entity5 , and, in the test set, 4/22 (18%) Ta/T1 @entity5 underwent disease progression. The sensitivity of the ANN model to predict progression was 100% (specificity 67%; positive predictive value 40%; negative predictive value 100%). @entity1 who were judged to have a favorable prognosis using ANN analysis did not progress within the 15-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: The results of the ANN study indicate that long-term progression-free survival of @entity1 with non-invasive @entity1606 of the urinary bladder can be precisely predicted. A favorable prognosis using ANNs would be one of the exclusion criteria for immediate or future total cystectomy.

title: Predicting disease outcome of @entity150 using an artificial neural network model: results of XXXX follow-up for 15 years or longer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['TCC', 'non-invasive (Ta/T1) transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Porcine luteal cells were obtained from the corpora lutea on the 13th day of the estrous cycle. The cells were digested with 0.25% trypsin and suspended in the Medium 199 with an addition of 10% calf serum, at a concentration of 5 X 10(4) cells/ml. The cells were incubated with or without 4 and 40 mi.u./ml of @entity398 , 10 and 100 ng/ml of @entity369 - @entity10063 , 1 microgram LH and 50 U/ml hCG. Levels of @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity53 17 beta were determined with the radioimmunological method, following 6 h incubation. It was found that @entity1420 secretion under the influence of @entity29842 (4 mi.u./ml) was less than in the control group and in the group with LH. Similarly, @entity369 - @entity10063 at a dose of 10 ng/ml inhibited @entity1420 secretion (P less than 0.05). Higher doses of these peptides had no suppressive effect on the luteal cells. @entity398 and @entity369 - @entity10063 had no influence on @entity251 secretion by luteal cells. However, these cells produced less (P less than 0.05) @entity53 17 beta under the influence of @entity29842 than of hCG. The results point to a direct effect of @entity398 and @entity369 - @entity10063 on steroidogenesis in the corpora lutea of cyclic @entity1707 .

title: The effect of @entity398 and XXXX upon @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity53 17 beta-secretion by the luteal cells from cyclic @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity29842 :: ('CHEBI:7872', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocine']

entities_list: @entity10063 :: ('MESH:D014668', 'Chemical') :: ['vasotocin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity10063 :: (MESH:D014668,Chemical) :: ['vasotocin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential microRNA (miRNA) regulators of embryo implantation, as a continuation of genomic and proteomic research. DESIGN: Laboratory animal research. SETTING: University hospital laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Adult healthy female C57BL6/J @entity19 (age 6-8  weeks, nonfertile, weighing 18-20  g each). INTERVENTION(S): Female @entity19 were mated naturally with fertile males to produce pregnancy. Luminal epithelium was collected by laser-capture microdissection during the implantation period. @entity19 models of pseudopregnancy, delayed implantation, and artificial decidualization were established. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The miRNA profile in luminal epithelium was clarified by microarray analysis and validated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a series of models. Target genes were predicted and confirmed by luciferase activity assay. The role of miRNA in implantation was examined by loss-of-function and gain-of-function of miRNA in  vitro and in  vivo. RESULT(S): A total of 29 and 15 miRNAs were up- and down-regulated, respectively, during the implantation period; 11 of these miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. The profile of @entity771 was clarified in a series of models. A dual-luciferase activity assay showed that @entity60650 was a target gene of @entity771 . Loss-of-function by LV- @entity771 sponge or @entity771 inhibitor led to a reduced number of embryo implantations, but had little effect on fertilization. CONCLUSION(S): @entity771 was specifically up-regulated during the implantation period, and it may play a major role in embryo implantation by targeting @entity60650 .

title: MicroRNA-451 plays a role in XXXX embryo implantation through targeting @entity60650 , as implicated by  a  microarray-based analysis.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: SUMMARY: The criteria most used for the definition of @entity6288 , those based on the ratio between the @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and the square of the height (h(2)) underestimate prevalence in overweight/obese @entity1 whereas another criteria consider @entity121 adjusted for total fat mass. We have shown that @entity121 adjusted for fat seems to be more appropriate for @entity6288 diagnosis. INTRODUCTION: Since the prevalence of overweight and @entity28 is a growing public health issue, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with @entity6288 , based on these two criteria, among older @entity1 . METHODS: Six hundred eleven community-dwelling @entity1 were evaluated by specific questionnaire including clinical data. Body composition and bone mineral density were evaluated by dual X-ray absorptiometry. @entity2357 models were used to identify factors independently related to @entity6288 by @entity121 /h(2) and @entity121 adjusted for total fat mass criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 was high (74.3 %). The frequency of @entity6288 was lower using the criteria of @entity121 /h(2) (3.7 %) than @entity121 adjusted for fat (19.9 %) (P   <   0.0001). We also note that less than 5 %(1/23) of sarcopenic @entity1 , according to @entity121 /h(2), had overweight/ @entity28 , whereas 60 % (74/122) of sarcopenic @entity1 by @entity121 adjusted for fat had this complication. Using @entity121 /h(2), the associated factors observed in regression models were femoral neck T-score (OR   =   1.90; 95 % CI 1.06-3.41; P   =   0.03) and current @entity167 intake (OR   =   4.13, 95 % CI 1.18-14.45, P   =   0.03). In contrast, we have identified that @entity1011 (OR   =   0.21; 95 % CI 0.07-0.63; P   =   0.005) and the White race (OR   =   1.81; 95 % CI 1.15-2.84; P   =   0.01) showed a significant association with @entity6288 using @entity121 adjusted for fat. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with overweight/ @entity28 , @entity121 adjusted for fat seems to be the more appropriate criteria for @entity6288 diagnosis. This finding has relevant public health implications, considering the high prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 in older @entity1 .

title: Discriminating @entity6288 in community-dwelling older @entity1 with high frequency of overweight/ XXXX : the S  o Paulo Ageing _ Health Study (SPAH).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular skeletal muscle mass', 'ASM']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: To better define the role of rituximab in salvage and @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for relapsed or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity1 treated before the implementation of rituximab in salvage and @entity34 (n = 57, control group) were compared with @entity1 with rituximab included in this procedure (n = 36, study group). All @entity1 had been antibody-naive at this point, and analyses were performed separately for 22 and 31 @entity1 with @entity146 , and 14 and 26 @entity1 with indolent @entity1893 , respectively. All @entity1 received two courses of salvage therapy, predominantly @entity619 , @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , @entity3601 . Conditioning regimens included @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , @entity3601 ; @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , @entity786 or total body irradiation and @entity786 , with rituximab added for @entity1 in the study group. Despite the absence of differences in stem cell collection, haematopoietic recovery was delayed in @entity1 with @entity1893 treated in the study group: median days to absolute neutrophil count more than 0.5 x 10(9)/l, 11 vs 10 (p = 0.01), and platelets more than 20 x 10(9)/l, 14 vs 11 (p = 0.0005), with an increased requirement for platelet transfusions. No similar observations were made in @entity706 @entity1 . Remission rates were superior for @entity1 with @entity1893 in the study group. With a median follow-up of 7.25 and 4.5 years, this resulted in an improvement in @entity3012 at 4.5 years: 67 vs 45% (95% confidence interval, 47-87% vs 28-64%; p = 0.0468). For @entity1 with @entity706 , no comparable benefit was detectable. Our data support the use of rituximab in @entity34 for @entity1 with @entity1893 . For @entity1 with indolent @entity1893 , only longer follow-up and/or randomized trials may help to fully determine the impact of rituximab on the outcome after @entity34 .

title: Effect of rituximab on the long-term outcome after XXXX for relapsed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'aggressive NHL', "refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose therapy', 'HDT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['high-dose therapy']


abstract: The clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 111 consecutive cases of @entity234 identified from 1980 to 2000 in a Sicilian pediatric hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of the @entity1 was 1.7 years. All @entity1 were @entity645 negative, but 15% were severely malnourished. Fever and @entity381 were present in all cases and @entity382 in 101 (90.1%) cases. @entity882 and @entity417 were both observed in 78 (70.2%) cases and @entity1431 in 47 (42.3%) cases. A bone marrow aspirate was obtained in all cases; Leishmania amastigotes were detected in 89 (80.2%) cases. Initial treatment consisted of @entity17004 in 99 (89.2%) @entity1 and @entity2379 in 12 (10.8%) @entity1 . Only two @entity1 treated with @entity17004 relapsed. The findings highlight the differences between the cases of @entity234 observed in the Mediterranean basin and those observed in other regions. The use of the term "Mediterranean @entity234 ", rather than the term " @entity234 ", is proposed for cases observed in the Mediterranean area.

title: Pediatric XXXX in Western Sicily, Italy: a retrospective analysis of 111 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis', 'kala-azar']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['visceral leishmaniasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To find a quantitative relationship between @entity5 size and frequency of axillary lymph node involvement. @entity1 AND METHODS: The frequency of axillary node involvement versus @entity5 volume was analyzed in 10 selected series of @entity1 incorporating a total of 57,244 @entity1 with resectable @entity0 . The average number of events per unit volume resulting in @entity5 spread to axillary lymph nodes before @entity5 surgical removal Theta(V)/V, was estimated under simple probabilistic assumptions. RESULTS: The allometric scaling law Theta(V)/V = 0.0586V(-0.7457) was estimated on the data, fitting the proportion of lymph node involvement on @entity5 volume V (in microliters). The estimate 0.7457 (95% CI, 0.7200 to 0.7713) suggests that the true scaling exponent, under the assumed model, may be the fractional value, which characterizes scaling relationships for a wide variety of biologic variables at both the whole organism level and organ level. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that the phenomenon should be related to some internal structural trait of the @entity5 . The vascular network seems to be the best candidate. This result does not support a mere mechanical model of lymphatic @entity5 spread. A more complex biology-based model of lymphohematogenous spread is suggested, in which the axillary nodes draining the lymph from the @entity5 may become activated by factors produced by both @entity5 cells and @entity5 stroma, thus favoring cell-selective homing of otherwise circulating @entity5 cells. The success of fractal features related to the internal architecture brings additional support to the consideration of primary @entity0 as an organ-like structure.

title: Allometric scaling law questions the traditional mechanical model for axillary lymph node involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Formulation often has a dramatic effect on degradation of proteins during the freeze-drying process as well as impacting on the "shelf-life" stability of the freeze-dried product. This research presents the results of a formulation optimization study of the "in-process" and shelf-life stability of freeze-dried @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH). Chemical decomposition via @entity1853 oxidation and deamidation of @entity2734 residues as well as irreversible @entity1423 were characterized by HPLC assay methodology. In-process degradation and stability of low moisture freeze-dried solids were studied at 25 and 40 degrees C in a nominal @entity1568 headspace (approximately 0.5% O2). Formulation variables included pH, level of salts, and the nature of the lyoprotectant. Studies of the effect of shear on @entity1423 in solutions indicated that shear comparable to that experienced during filtration does not induce @entity1423 . Irreversible changes in hGH during the freeze-drying process were minimal, but chemical decomposition via @entity1853 oxidation and @entity2734 deamidation and @entity1423 did occur on storage of the freeze-dried solid. Decomposition via @entity1853 oxidation was significant. A combination of @entity2656 and @entity2228 , where the @entity2228 remains amorphous, provided the greatest protection against decomposition and @entity1423 . It is postulated that an excipient system that remains at least partially amorphous is necessary for stabilization. However, the observation that dextran 40 formulations showed poor stability toward @entity1423 demonstrates that an amorphous excipient system is not a sufficient condition for stability. Stability of the solid was optimal when produced from solutions in the pH range, 7-7.5, with severe @entity1423 being observed at high pH. The level of @entity10457 buffer affected stability of the solid, although this relationship was complex. Freeze-drying in the presence of @entity1219 produced severe @entity1423 and precipitation during the freeze-drying process as well as acceleration of oxidation and/or deamidation.

title: The effects of formulation variables on the stability of freeze-dried @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: We report the case of an 82-year-old female diagnosed with @entity1722 -negative, @entity5282 ( @entity5282 )-positive metastatic @entity0 . Upon biochemical disease progression of the initially @entity5282 -receptor positive disease under anti-hormonal treatment with @entity440 and @entity4672 , she received combination chemotherapy with @entity1311 / @entity136 . Due to her suffering from severe @entity137 , therapy was switched to nab- @entity1311 / @entity136 . From April 22, 2013, to July 15, 2013, the @entity1 received 5 cycles of nab- @entity1311 / @entity136 as a 30-min infusion every 3 weeks, with excellent biochemical responses to treatment. Tumor marker levels as well as @entity648 were reduced to baseline levels. Chemotherapy with nab- @entity1311 / @entity136 was well tolerated. At a follow-up visit immediately after the end of chemotherapy, the @entity1 reported well-being and presented with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) of 100%. At the last follow-up in October 2013, she was alive with multiple metastatic sites in the liver and bone metastases in the spine without risk of @entity174 and a KPS of 90%. She has received palliative single agent chemotherapy with @entity416 (14/7 regimen, 1,500 mg b.i.d.) since August 2013 and continued to show a good biochemical treatment response at the last follow-up in October 2013. Since August 2013, the @entity1 has also received denosumab (120 mg sc, q4w) for her metastatic @entity79 . As of July 2014, treatment has not been changed and the @entity1 reports her well-being.

title: Excellent biochemical response to polychemotherapy with nab- @entity1311 / @entity136 in an 82-year-old female with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['HR', 'hormone receptor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Activation of @entity671 receptors (InsP(3)Rs) and @entity8452 receptors (RyRs) can lead to the release of @entity141 from intracellular stores and propagating @entity141 waves. Previous studies of these proteins in neurons have focused on their distribution in adult tissue, whereas, recent functional studies have examined neural tissue extracted from prenatal and young postnatal animals. In this study we examined the distribution of InsP(3)R isotypes 1-3 and @entity48744 isotypes 1-3 in @entity35 hippocampus during postnatal maturation, with a focus on @entity15304 because it is most prominent in the hippocampus. @entity15304 was observed in pyramidal cells and granule cells, @entity62044 immunoreactivity was observed in perivascular astrocytes and endothelial cells, and @entity9423 immunoreactivity was detected in axon terminals located in stratum pyramidale of @entity1249 and microvessels in stratum radiatum. @entity35536 immunolabeling was enriched in @entity1249 , @entity48744 was most intense in @entity1251 and the dentate gyrus, and @entity58234 immunolabeling was detected in all subfields of the hippocampus, but was most intense in stratum lacunosum-moleculare. During maturation from 2 to 10 weeks of age there was a shift in @entity15304 immunoreactivity from a high density in the proximal apical dendrites to a uniform distribution along the dendrites. Independent of age, @entity15304 immunoreactivity was observed to form clusters within the primary apical dendrite and at dendritic bifurcations of pyramidal neurons. As @entity1249 pyramidal neurons matured, @entity15304 was often co-localized with the @entity141 binding protein calbindin D-28k. In contrast, @entity15304 immunolabel was never co-localized with calbindin D-28k immunopositive interneurons located outside of stratum pyramidale or with parvalbumin, typically found in hippocampal basket cells, suggesting that @entity15304 s do not play a role in internal @entity141 release in these interneurons. These findings should help to interpret past functional studies and inform future studies examining the characteristics and consequences of InsP(3)R-mediated internal @entity141 release and @entity141 waves in hippocampal neurons.

title: Distribution of @entity671 receptor isotypes and XXXX receptor isotypes during maturation of the @entity35 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: HISTORY: A 42 year old @entity1 was resuscitated from @entity2224 . 5 months previously she had a @entity1163 . Her nephew had died of @entity1164 at the age of 25 years. INVESTIGATIONS: There was no evidence for ST segment elevation, @entity583 or @entity1151 . The ECG showed right precordial T wave inversion. @entity453 was excluded angiographically. Echocardiography and angiography revealed @entity910 of the right ventricle with normal left ventricular function and chamber size. @entity2224 could not be reproduced by programmed stimulation of the right ventricle during an electrophysiologic study. Results of endomyocardial biopsy of the right ventricle showed a focal fibrous infiltration of the myocardium. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed inferior wall abnormalities of the right ventricle without typical @entity1560 in the right ventricular myocardium. CLINICAL COURSE: The @entity1 recovered rapidly without @entity51 . @entity4128 was suspected, and a cardioverter defibrillator ( @entity1479 ) was implanted. Within 6 months after implantation the @entity1479 memory showed no evidence of @entity2224 . CONCLUSION: @entity4128 is an important cause of @entity2224 with a potential risk of @entity1164 in young @entity1 . Concealed arrhythmogenesis as an early manifestation of @entity4266 is difficult to detect.

title: [ XXXX as a cause of " @entity1164 " with survival].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['inferior wall akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity4128 :: (MESH:D019571,Disease) :: ['Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: This paper presents morphological data on @entity19 oocyte maturation and fertilization, reviews evidence supporting the existence of a @entity21032 , and suggests future directions for this line of research. We used scanning electron microscopy to examine oocytes under a variety of conditions. The surfaces of mature @entity19 oocytes are seen to be similar whether maturation occurs in vivo or in vitro. Capacitated sperm (both acrosome-intact and acrosome-reacted) are observed to interact with the microvilli of the oocyte surface. Little is known about oocyte surface proteins that mediate fertilization in mammals. Data of ours and others show that enzyme treatment of live unfertilized eggs interferes with sperm binding. Enzyme treatment (trypsin, chymotrypsin treatment, or pronase) reduces the number of bound sperm, suggesting removal of a surface protein involved in fertilization. Trypsin treatment also causes some lengthening of surface microvilli in a belt surrounding the metaphase II region. After metabolic labeling, proteins of zona-free unfertilized eggs can be identified by @entity214 -PAGE and autoradiography. Comparison of 1-D gels from untreated and enzyme-treated eggs show the nearly complete disappearance of proteins of 263, 170, 137, 97, and 87 kD after digestion; an increase in a 66 kD protein after trypsin or chymotrypsin; and a major new band of 20 kD after chymotrypsin treatment. Fertilized eggs show the loss of a 255-265 kD band among other changes. Proteins of 97 kD and 87 kD were seen previously by surface labeling (Johnson and Calarco, 1980b), and our 97 kD and 66 kD bands are similar in molecular weight to those identified by Boldt et al. (1989). Taken together, these data identify a few candidate proteins for the role of @entity21032 on the egg surface. Future work should focus on identification of the surface protein(s) which functions physiologically in fertilization by developing fertilization-blocking antibodies. Relatedness to other @entity1 sperm receptors and identification of the genes involved would provide valuable information to our understanding of fertilization and to the problems of @entity249 and contraception.

title: Fertilization of the XXXX oocyte.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of the paper is to investigate significance of the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in diagnostic and staging of @entity6595 . Retrospective clinical study was conducted at the Clinic for Hematology and Clinic for Gastroenterology of the University Clinical Center of Sarajevo in the period of years 2002 to 2009. @entity1 (N = 40) with diagnosis of @entity6595 confirmed by pathohistological diagnosis were included in the study. Stage of the disease was determined based on EUS, proximal endoscopy, CT and ultrasound of abdomen, and classified according to the Ann Arbor classification. 39 @entity1 had various types of non @entity978 and one @entity1 had @entity978 . Based on morphological characteristics of @entity356 visualized with EUS in 16 @entity1 a @entity356 was suspected. In 40% @entity1 EUS finding was not confirmed by pathohistological finding. Compared both to CT and ultrasound of abdomen, EUS showed statistically significant higher frequency of establishing existence of infiltration (p < 0.001). In @entity1 with primary @entity6595 EUS has more significant role in determination of stage of disease spread than for the diagnosis itself. Therefore EUS should be included into algorithm of @entity1 diagnostic protocol when suspected to the @entity1819 .

title: Predictive value of endoscopic ultrasound in diagnosis and staging of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastric disease']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subclinical @entity699 (SH) has been associated with metabolic complications such as @entity6 , @entity28 and @entity2299 . Scarce data are available regarding the lipid pattern abnormalities in SH, in relation to insulin resistance and @entity60451 (IGM). We aimed to evaluate the possible influence of SH on lipid pattern in relation to the presence/absence of @entity60451 . METHODS: In 338 @entity1 with @entity700 , the presence of SH, @entity101 , @entity2299 and IGM was evaluated. According to the presence of SH and IGM the @entity1 were divided into 4 groups (IGM+SH+, IGM+SH-, IGM-SH+, IGM-SH-). We recruited 98 subjects without IGM (IGM-) and 100 with IGM (IGM+) as control groups. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2299 was comparable among Group IGM+SH+, Group IGM+SH- and IGM+ controls (57.9, 58.4, 56  %, P  =  NS). No difference in @entity2299 prevalence among IGM- @entity1 and IGM- controls was observed. The IGM+SH+ @entity1 had a higher prevalence of @entity2299 (57.9  %) than IGM-SH+ ones (29.1  %, P  <  0.01). The IGM+SH- @entity1 showed an increased prevalence of @entity101 (76.6 vs 54.8  %, P  <  0.01) and @entity2299 (58.4 vs 23.8  %, P  <  0.0001) as compared with IGM-SH- @entity1 . Logistic regression analysis showed that only IGM was associated to @entity2299 (OR 4.31, 95  % CI 2.61-7.12, P  =  0.0001) regardless of age, SH and gender. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of alterations of glucose metabolism the presence of a subtle cortisol excess has no effect on lipid pattern. IGM seems to influence the lipid metabolism regardless of the presence of SH.

title: Lipid abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity700 : role of subclinical XXXX and @entity60451 .

entities_list: @entity60451 :: ('MESH:D044882', 'Disease') :: ['impaired glucose metabolism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['hypercortisolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pre-operative @entity417 is associated with mortality and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirement after cardiac surgery. However, the effect on post-operative @entity5845 ( @entity5845 ) is unknown. We explored the effect of pre-operative @entity417 on post-operative @entity5845 . METHODS: Data were drawn from the Cardiac Post-Operative Morbidity Score (C-POMS) development study (n   =   442). C-POMS describes and quantifies (0-13) @entity5845 after cardiac surgery by noting the presence/absence of 13 morbidity domains on days 3 (D3), 5 (D5), 8 (D8) and 15 (D15). @entity417 was defined as a haemoglobin concentration below 130  g/l for @entity1 and 120  g/l for @entity1 . RESULTS: Most @entity1 were White British (86.1%) and male (79.2%) and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery (67.4%). @entity1 with pre-operative @entity417 (n   =   137, 31.5%) were over three times more likely to receive RBC transfusion (OR 3.08, 95%CI 1.88-5.06, p   <   0.001), had greater D3 and D5 @entity5845 (5 vs 3, p   <   0.0001; 3 vs 2, p   <   0.0001, respectively) and remained in hospital 2  days longer (8 vs 6  days, p   <   0.0001) than non-anaemic @entity1 . Transfused @entity1 remained in hospital 5  days longer than non-transfused @entity1 (p   <   0.0001), had higher @entity5845 on all days (all p   <   0.001) and suffered greater pulmonary, renal, GI, neurological, endocrine and ambulation morbidities (p 0.026 to <0.001). Pre-operative @entity417 and RBC transfusion were independently associated with increased C-POMS score. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative @entity417 and RBC transfusion are independently associated with increased post-operative @entity5845 . Understanding @entity5845 may assist in post-operative @entity1 management to reduce morbidity. We recommend the use of the C-POMS tool as a standard outcome tool in further studies.

title: Pre-operative XXXX is associated with @entity5845 on days 3 and 5 after cardiac surgery: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['TMB', 'total morbidity burden']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is characterized by motor symptoms, usually accompanied by @entity73 . The question addressed in this study is whether complexity of routine actions can exacerbate @entity4652 that are often considered to be motor symptoms. To examine this question, we trained four @entity3176 ( @entity3176 ) to perform three multiple-choice retrieval tasks. In order of ascending complexity, rewards were freely available (task 1), covered with transparent sliding plaques (task 2), and covered with opaque sliding plaques cued by symbols (task 3). Thus, from task 1 to task 2 we added a motor difficulty--the recall of context-adapted movement; and from task 2 to task 3 we added a cognitive difficulty: the recall of symbol-reward associations. The more complex the task, the longer it took to learn, but after extensive training the performance was stable in all tasks, with similar retrieval durations. The monkeys then received systemic @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ) injections (0.3-0.4 mg/kg) every 4-7 days, until the first motor symptoms appeared. In the course of @entity5212 intoxication, the behavioural performance declined while the motor symptoms were absent or mild--the retrieval duration increased, and non-initiated choices and hesitations between choices became frequent. Interestingly, this decline was in proportion to task complexity, and was particularly pronounced with the cognitive difficulty. Furthermore, freezing appeared only with the cognitive difficulty. We therefore suggest that everyday @entity73 may exacerbate @entity2845 (lack of initiation, @entity73 ) and @entity74 (hesitations, freezing) in the early stages of @entity1 @entity191 .

title: Disruption of self-organized actions in monkeys with progressive XXXX -induced parkinsonism. I. Effects of task complexity.

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'abnormal slowness', 'cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['executive disorders']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['Cercopithecus aethiops', 'vervet monkeys']

answer: @entity5212 :: (MESH:D015632,Chemical) :: ['MPTP']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the allelic frequency of the @entity28480 mutation of UPC1 in @entity1 with familiar @entity28 and to investigate putative association of this polymorphism with @entity209 . One hundred and eighteen overweight / @entity28 @entity1 participated in the study. The @entity1629 polymorphism was determined by RFLP. @entity413 , lipid, insulin and leptin levels were measured both during OGTT and OLTT. The majority of @entity1 had a homozygous A/A genotype (51,38%), while 14,68% had a G/G genotype. We found no significant association of the G allele with either BMI or @entity413 tolerance. @entity1 with the homozygous G/G genotype had significantly higher fasting levels of TG (p < 0.04) and decreased levels of HDL- @entity165 (p = 0,004). They also had an increased concentration of FFA and the rise of TG levels during the OLTT compared to controls was significant (p = 0,058). In addition, the carriers of the G/G genotype had the lowest insulin levels both during OGTT and OLTT. In our study we have demonstrated that the @entity28480 polymorphism of @entity1629 does not play a major role in the development of @entity28 and/or disturbances of @entity413 metabolism. However, the increased levels of TG and FFA and decreased levels of HDL observed in carriers of the G allele suggest FFA-induced @entity73 and disturbance of the beta-cell function, both of which are risk factors for endothelial injury.

title: Correlation of the XXXX polymorphism in the promoter of the uncoupling protein 1 gene with @entity28 and @entity209 in @entity28 families from southern Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the HDL turnover']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28480 :: (c|SUB|A|-3826|G,DNAMutation) :: ['-3826A >G']


abstract: To determine the maximally tolerated dose of @entity1311 with and without filgrastim ( @entity1261 ) when administered as a 24-hour intravenous infusion after a 120-hour infusion of @entity16891 at a fixed dose of 300 mg/m2/24 hours, 40 @entity1 were entered onto a trial lasting from September 1994 to September 1996. Eligibility included a diagnosis of an advanced @entity5 not amenable to curative therapy and up to one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease. @entity2719 was administered at a fixed dose of 300 mg/m2/day as a continuous intravenous infusion for 120 hours. @entity1311 starting at 90 mg/m2 was given concurrently with the last 24 hours of the @entity2719 as a 24-hour intravenous infusion. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. Once the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 was reached, @entity1261 (5 microg/kg/day days 7-16) was added and @entity1311 dose escalation continued. The MTD for @entity1311 without @entity1261 was 110 mg/m2 and 225 mg/m2 with @entity1261 , with @entity1398 being the dose-limiting @entity137 . A partial response was noted in a @entity1 who had @entity704 and a complete response was achieved in a @entity1 who had @entity694 . The recommended phase II dosage is @entity16891 at 300 mg/m2/day over 120 hours, with @entity1311 at 110 mg/m2 over 24 hours without @entity1261 or 225 mg/m2 over 24 hours with @entity1261 and 0.5 mg @entity3873 on days 1 through 7. Further trials of this modified regimen for outpatient administration are in progress.

title: @entity1311 plus @entity16891 and filgrastim in @entity1 with XXXX : a phase I trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2719 :: ('MESH:D005708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallium', 'gallium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['refractory malignancies']


abstract: G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) share a common seven-transmembrane topology and mediate cellular responses to a variety of extracellular signals. However, structural and functional approaches to GPCRs have often been limited by the difficulty of producing a sufficient amount of receptor protein using conventional expression systems. We synthesized @entity1 @entity935 D1 receptors using a @entity3505 cell-free protein synthesis system with liposomes and then analyzed their receptor binding ability. We determined the specific binding of [(3)H]SCH23390 to the synthesized receptors generated from a cell-free protein synthesis system or @entity35 striatal membranes. From Scatchard plot analysis, the dissociation constant (Kd) and the maximum density (Bmax) of the synthesized receptors were 6.61  0.06nM and 1.85  0.05pmol/mg protein, respectively. The same analysis for @entity35 striatal membrane gave a Kd of 2.67  0.05nM and Bmax of 0.70  0.10pmol/mg protein. Using a competition binding assay, Ki values of antagonists, @entity10095 , @entity57558 and @entity29746 , for the synthetic receptors were the same as those for @entity35 striatal membranes, but Ki values of agonists, @entity14369 , @entity2344 and @entity935 , were 5-17 fold higher than those for @entity35 striatal membranes. These results suggest that the @entity935 D1 receptors synthesized in liposomes have a functional binding capacity. The different patterns of binding of antagonists and agonists to the synthetic receptors and @entity35 striatal membranes indicate that G proteins are involved in agonist binding to @entity935 D1 receptors. The cell-free protein synthesis method with liposomes will be invaluable for the functional analysis of GPCRs.

title: The ligand binding ability of XXXX D1 receptors synthesized using a @entity3505 germ cell-free protein synthesis system with liposomes.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: This multicenter phase 2 trial was conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group to evaluate the activity and the safety of @entity60145 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . Eligible @entity1 had documented recurrent @entity43 6 to 12 months after receiving a front-line @entity902 -based regimen and no other chemotherapy. @entity1 were required to have measurable disease, performance status of 0 to 2, and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal functions before study entry. The dose of @entity60145 was 0.45 mg/kg intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Responses were defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 . Fifty-five of 61 enrolled @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . There were 7 partial responses (12.7%), and 30 @entity1 (54.6%) had stable disease. Median progression-free and overall survival were 6.4 months (1.3-37.5 months) and 22.1 months or more (2.8-57.8+ months), respectively. @entity1 received a median of 3 cycles (range, 1-21) of protocol therapy. Grade 4 hematologic @entity137 was limited to reversible @entity1398 and @entity882 . Grade 4 nonhematologic @entity137 was limited to one @entity1 with @entity448 and another with @entity1272 . @entity60145 administered at this dose and schedule was well tolerated but had modest activity as a single agent.

title: A phase 2 evaluation of @entity60145 as second-line treatment of recurrent or persistent intermediately XXXX -sensitive @entity43 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity60145 :: ('MESH:C102714', 'Chemical') :: ['irofulven', 'Irofulven']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermittent preventive treatment of @entity311 in pregnancy (IPTp) with @entity1484 (SP) @entity5028 , thus improving birth outcomes. Zambian policy recommends monthly SP-IPTp doses given presumptively during pregnancy at each antenatal examination, spaced one month apart after 16  weeks of gestation. The effectiveness of SP-IPTp was evaluated in Zambia where a recent study showed moderate prevalence of @entity3964 parasites with genetic mutations that confer SP resistance. METHODS: @entity645 -negative @entity1 were enrolled at the time of delivery at two facilities in Mansa, Zambia, an area of high @entity311 transmission. @entity1 were interviewed and SP exposure was determined by antenatal card documentation or self-reports. Using Poisson regression modelling, the effectiveness of SP-IPTp was evaluated for outcomes of parasitaemia (microscopic examination of maternal peripheral, cord, and placental blood films), maternal @entity417 (Hb   <   11  g/dl), @entity281 (histopathology), and @entity1 outcomes (low birth weight (LBW), @entity3152 , and small for gestational age) in @entity1 who took 0-4 doses of SP-IPTp. RESULTS: @entity1 included 435 @entity1 , with a median age of 23  years (range 16-44). Thirty-four @entity1 took zero doses of SP-IPTp, while 115, 142 and 144 @entity1 took one, two, or   >=    three doses, respectively. Multivariate Poisson regression models considering age, mosquito net usage, indoor residual spraying, urban home, gravidity, facility, wet season delivery, and marital status showed that among paucigravid @entity1   >=    two doses of SP-ITPp compared to one or less doses was associated with a protective effect on LBW (prevalence ratio (PR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12-0.91) and any @entity281 (PR 0.76, CI 0.58-0.99). Multivariate models considering SP-IPTp as a continuous variable showed a protective dose-response association with LBW (paucigravid @entity1 : PR 0.54, CI 0.33-0.90, multigravid @entity1 : PR 0.63, CI 0.41-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: In Mansa, Zambia, an area of moderate SP resistance, >=  two doses of SP-IPTp were associated with a protective effect from @entity311 in pregnancy, especially among paucigravid @entity1 . Each dose of SP-IPTp contributed to a 46 and 37% decrease in the frequency of LBW among paucigravid and multigravid @entity1 , respectively. SP-IPTp remains a viable strategy in this context.

title: Evaluation of XXXX for intermittent preventive treatment of @entity311 in pregnancy: a retrospective birth outcomes study in Mansa, Zambia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['decreases placental parasitaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'placental infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity1484 :: (MESH:C001205,Chemical) :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1176 analogues are widely used to treat a variety of sex hormone-related diseases, little is known about their effect on metabolism. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of a @entity1176 analogue, administered with or without @entity441 , on serum levels of lipoproteins, @entity413 , insulin and @entity1255 (Hcy). METHODS: One hundred premenopausal @entity1 with symptomatic uterine @entity2909 were initially enrolled and randomized to receive 3.75 mg/28 days @entity3086 depot associated with 60 mg/day @entity441 (group A) or 1 placebo tablet/day (group B) for six cycles of 28 days. At entry and at cycle 6, subjects underwent anthropometric measurements, including body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio measurements, and blood chemistry assays for serum total @entity165 (TC), low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C), @entity1674 (TG), @entity413 , insulin, Hcy, @entity2186 and @entity1501 concentrations. Insulin resistance was evaluated with the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) score. RESULTS: Baseline parameters were similar in the two groups. At cycle 6, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in group B. In group A, LDL-C levels were unchanged, and TC, HDL-C and TG levels were increased (P < 0.05). Serum TC and LDL-C levels differed (P < 0.05) between the groups. @entity413 levels were unchanged between and within groups, whereas insulin levels and HOMA scores increased (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B. Post-treatment Hcy levels were higher (P < 0.05) versus baseline in group B; they were unchanged in group A. Serum @entity2186 and @entity1501 concentrations were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1176 analogues alter serum lipoprotein and Hcy levels and increase insulin resistance. These acute metabolic changes may be prevented or reduced by @entity441 .

title: Lipid, XXXX and @entity1255 metabolism in @entity1 treated with a @entity1176 agonist with or without @entity441 .

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide acetate']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene', 'raloxifene hydrochloride']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity542 in @entity1 is one of the most common causes of @entity204 and disability in the US and, increasingly, worldwide. This chapter reviews the causes, patterns, pathophysiology, and treatment of @entity542 in @entity1 across the age spectrum, and compares pediatric @entity542 to that in adults. Classification of @entity542 in @entity1 can be organized according to severity, pathoanatomic type, or mechanism. Response to injury and repair mechanisms appear to vary at different ages, and these may influence optimal treatment; however, much work is still needed before investigation leads to clearly effective clinical interventions. This is true both for the more severe injuries as well as those at the milder end of the injury spectrum, the latter of which have received increasing attention. In this chapter, neuroassessment tools for each age, newer imaging modalities including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and specific pediatric management issues, including intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and @entity410 prophylaxis, are reviewed. Finally, specific @entity542 patterns and functional outcomes relevant to pediatric @entity1 are discussed. While @entity542 is common, the number of head-injured @entity1 is significantly smaller than the corresponding adult head-injured population. When divided further by specific ages, @entity130 , and other sources of heterogeneity, properly powered clinical research is likely to require large data sets that will allow for stratification across variables, including age. While much has been learned in the past several decades, further study will be required to determine the best management practices for optimizing recovery in individual pediatric @entity1 . This approach is likely to depend on collaborative international @entity542 databases that will allow researchers to better understand the nuanced evolution of different types of @entity542 in @entity1 at each age, and the pathophysiologic, treatment-related, and genetic factors that influence recovery.

title: Special considerations in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury types']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of MEDI-575, a fully human monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to @entity675 ( @entity675 ), in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 . METHODS: This phase I multicenter, open-label, single-arm study enrolled adults in a 3  +  3 dose escalation design to receive MEDI-575 (3, 6, 9, 12, or 15  mg/kg) once weekly (QW) until @entity137 or disease progression occurred. One 0.5-mg/kg dose was given before the first dose in the 3-mg/kg cohort to determine pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics under unsaturated conditions. After completion of dose escalation in the QW cohorts, @entity1 were enrolled in two additional cohorts and received MEDI-575 25 or 35  mg/kg every 3  weeks (Q3W). Secondary measures included assessments of PK, immunogenicity, and antitumor activity. RESULTS: A total of 35 @entity1 received MEDI-575 QW (n  =  23) or @entity15725 (n  =  12). Most treatment-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 in severity across all dose levels, with @entity1295 (n  =  12) and @entity390 (n  =  8) being reported most frequently. With no reports of dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs), the MTD was not reached. MEDI-575 exhibited a nonlinear PK profile and increased plasma platelet-derived growth factor-AA levels in a dose-dependent manner with limited immunogenicity. Stable disease was reported as the @entity5 response in 9 of 29 evaluable @entity1 ; however, no objective responses were reported. CONCLUSION: Administration of MEDI-575 QW or @entity15725 resulted in a favorable safety profile, including a lack of DLTs, but without evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with refractory solid @entity5 .

title: A phase I dose-escalation study of MEDI-575, a XXXX monoclonal antibody, in adults with advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity675 :: ('5156', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor-a', 'PDGFRa']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['best tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity15725 :: ('p|SUB|Q|3|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q3W']

answer: @entity675 :: (5156,Gene) :: ['PDGFRa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity158 is usually associated with @entity2057 resulting in a vicious tension- @entity158 -cycle, leading to increased alertness and stress. However, this has not been broadly evaluated using objective methods, for example, looking at neurophysiologic changes. The focus of this study was, therefore, to combine objective [spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) as a surrogate of alertness and stress] with subjective parameters (self-assessed @entity158 affected variables) to investigate the effect of continuous low-level heat therapy in @entity1643 ( @entity1643 )- @entity1 . METHODS: This investigation was a randomized, active controlled, parallel-designed study. Thirty @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups: the control group, in which @entity1 were provided with oral analgesics (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and instructed to use it if needed, and the treatment group, in which @entity1 in addition to oral analgesics as rescue medication were provided with a heatwrap therapy. The objective parameters were assessed by measuring the power of frequency bands in the spontaneous EEG. The subjective parameters (sleep pattern, well-being, @entity158 intensity, etc.) were assessed by a @entity158 , Sleep, and Stress Questionnaire. RESULTS: In the EEG-recordings, the heatwrap therapy group showed decreased power in @entity8652 and @entity2263 frequency bands compared with the control group, indicating a reduction in arousal. Also, in comparison to the control group, the heatwrap therapy group reported significantly reduced @entity1643 , everyday situations being less stressful, a better night's sleep, and a decreased number of daytime naps. DISCUSSION: In addition to classic psychophysical assessment of @entity158 and sleep quality, performance in daily life, we were able to obtain objective measures (EEG) that suggest an acute therapeutic relaxation on the basis of the central nervous system effects accompanying the reported significant @entity158 relief. We believe that this was due to a reduced nociceptive information load in @entity1643 - @entity1 after the use of the heatwrap therapy.

title: Impact of continuous low level heatwrap therapy in acute XXXX @entity1 : subjective and objective measurements.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related parameters', 'Pain', 'pain', 'Muscular pain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['increased muscle tension']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: @entity1824 of the gastrointestinal tract, composed of perivascular epithelioid cells with myomelanocytic differentiation, is rare with previous literature limited to 16 case reports. There is a marked female preponderance and approximately one-third of the cases occur in the pediatric age group. We report @entity1824 with lymph node involvement occurring in the rectum of a 15-year-old @entity1 , treated by surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity1 is well at 9 months follow-up with neither radiologic nor endoscopic evidence of recurrence. We review the differential diagnosis of @entity1824 , which includes @entity320 , epithelioid @entity674 , clear cell @entity14495 , @entity11552 , @entity1822 with HMB45 expression, and @entity1823 . Immunohistochemistry can rule out many of these morphologically similar @entity5 but differentiation from clear cell @entity242 may require reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. We discuss the determination of pathologic features indicative of @entity5 in @entity1824 , which is complicated in the gastrointestinal tract due to the small number of cases, variability of pathologic features reported, and inconsistent reporting of outcome. All 4 @entity5 reporting early recurrence or progression were greater than 5 cm in size and had areas of coagulative @entity5 @entity39 . In addition, high nuclear grade and @entity3 were seen in 2 of these 4 cases. We propose that a minimum dataset for gastrointestinal @entity1824 should include these features along with mitotic count, infiltrative border, and @entity5 stage analogous to that used in @entity14 .

title: Polypoid @entity1824 in the rectum of a 15-year-old @entity1 : case report and review of XXXX in the gastrointestinal tract.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal PEComa', 'PEComa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of soft parts']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1824 :: (MESH:D054973,Disease) :: ['PEComa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Waist circumference (WC) is strongly linked to @entity28 -associated risks. However, currently proposed WC risk thresholds are not based on associations with @entity28 -related risk factors but rather with body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)). OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the relations of WC to @entity28 -associated risk factors in a representative sample of US whites and to derive comparable risk thresholds for WC and BMI. DESIGN: Data on 9019 white @entity1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of >or= 1 of 4 @entity28 -associated risk factors: low HDL @entity165 , high LDL @entity165 , @entity101 , and high @entity413 . Odds ratio (OR) equations were derived from logistic regression models for WC and BMI with the use of the 25th percentile in the study population as the reference. Receiver operating characteristic curves for identifying risk factors were computed for WC and BMI. RESULTS: At BMIs of 25 and 30, ORs were 1.19 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.35) and 2.37 (95% CI: 1.33, 4.22) for @entity1 and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.91) and 3.16 (95% CI: 1.94, 5.28) for @entity1 , respectively. The corresponding ORs for WC were at 90 and 100 cm for @entity1 and at 83 and 93 cm for @entity1 . Minima on the receiver operating characteristic curves for @entity1 were at 96 cm for WC and at 26 for BMI and for @entity1 were at 86 cm for WC and 25 for BMI. CONCLUSION: WC is more closely linked to @entity65 risk factors than is BMI.

title: Waist circumference and XXXX -associated risk factors among whites in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: clinical action thresholds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pathophysiology and various treatment methods of @entity28772 . CASE REPORT: We report a case of @entity28772 in a middle-aged @entity1 . He presented to us with an extensive, disfiguring neck mass. Clinical examination and computed tomography suggested a lipomatous mass without compression of vital neck structures. The proximity of the lipomatous mass to the carotid sheaths attracted our interest. We performed surgical excision in this case, because of the deep infiltrative behaviour of the @entity362 . The benefits and drawbacks of liposuction and surgical excision of @entity135 are discussed. CONCLUSION: Surgical excision and liposuction are complementary treatments in the management of @entity28772 . @entity1 should be aware of the limitations of both surgical options, and the risk of @entity362 , before surgery. The decision on the mode of surgery relies upon the disease extent, the @entity1 's expectations and the surgeon's experience.

title: XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['extensive neck lipomatosis']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipoma recurrence']

entities_list: @entity28772 :: ('MESH:D008069', 'Disease') :: ['multiple symmetrical lipomatosis']

answer: @entity28772 :: (MESH:D008069,Disease) :: ['Multiple symmetrical lipomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outpatient oral therapy is infrequently used in pediatric low-risk @entity1398 (LRFN) as there is insufficient data regarding its equivalence as compared with parenteral therapy. METHODS: This is a single institutional, randomized control trial in pediatric LRFN aged 2 to 15 years, in which 123 episodes in 88 @entity1 were randomized to outpatient oral @entity800 7.5 mg/kg 12 hourly and @entity115 - @entity798 12.5 mg/kg 8 hourly or outpatient intravenous (IV) @entity2756 75 mg/kg and @entity4509 15 mg/kg once daily after blood cultures. RESULTS: Out of 119 evaluable episodes, one-third were @entity1778 @entity1 in maintenance and rest were @entity5 . Success was achieved in 55/61 (90.16%) and 54/58 (93.1%) in oral and IV arms, respectively, (P=0.56). There were 3 hospitalizations but no mortality. Median days to resolution of fever, absolute neutrophil count >500/mm(3) and antibiotic use were 3, 5, and 6 days in both arms. There were 5 blood culture isolates (3 gram-positive and 2 gram-negative bacteria). Failure of outpatient therapy was associated with @entity281 , @entity2259 , @entity1398 onset before day 9 of chemotherapy in @entity5 and @entity1891 , @entity4316 , and @entity786 chemotherapy for @entity980 . All gram-positive isolates were successes, whereas both gram-negative isolates were failures. @entity294 in IV arm and @entity1891 , @entity4316 , and @entity786 chemotherapy in the oral arm predicted failure in subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient therapy is efficacious and safe in pediatric LRFN. There was no difference in outcome in oral versus IV outpatient therapy. @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity800 may be the oral regimen of choice.

title: Randomized controlled trial comparing oral XXXX - @entity798 and @entity800 with intravenous @entity2756 and @entity4509 as outpatient therapy in pediatric low-risk @entity1398 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxycillin', 'amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin-D']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['perianal infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['Vincristine']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: 5a-Reductase type 1 (5aR1) catalyses A-ring reduction of @entity3800 and glucocorticoids in liver, potentially influencing hepatic manifestations of the @entity209 . Male @entity19 , homozygous for a disrupted 5aR1 allele (5aR1 knockout [KO] @entity19 ), were studied after metabolic (high-fat diet) and fibrotic ( @entity4314 [ @entity14605 ]) challenge. The effect of the 5a-reductase inhibitor @entity585 on metabolism was investigated in male @entity28 Zucker @entity35 . While eating a high-fat diet, male 5aR1-KO @entity19 demonstrated greater mean weight gain (21.6    1.4 vs 16.2    2.4 g), @entity3190 (insulin area under the curve during @entity413 tolerance test 609    103 vs. 313    66 ng     mL(-1)     min), and @entity1560 (liver @entity1674 136.1    17.0 vs. 89.3    12.1  mol     g(-1)). mRNA transcript profiles in liver were consistent with decreased @entity844 b-oxidation and increased @entity412 storage. 5aR1-KO male @entity19 were more susceptible to @entity82 after CCl4 administration (37% increase in collagen staining). The nonselective 5a-reductase inhibitor @entity585 induced @entity3190 and @entity1560 (10.6    1.2 vs. 7.0    1.0  mol     g(-1)) in @entity28 male Zucker @entity35 , both intact and castrated. @entity57923 induces insulin resistance and @entity1560 , consistent with the intrahepatic accumulation of glucocorticoids, and predisposes to @entity1575 . @entity1560 is independent of @entity3800 in @entity35 . Variations in 5aR1 activity in @entity28 and with nonselective 5a-reductase inhibition in @entity1 with @entity4623 may have important consequences for the onset and progression of @entity409 .

title: 5a-Reductase type 1 deficiency or inhibition predisposes to insulin resistance, @entity1560 , and XXXX in rodents.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis', 'Hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity57923 :: ('MESH:C536871', 'Disease') :: ['5aR1 deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macular and @entity5546 are clinical variants of primary @entity59251 (PLCA). Most cases are sporadic, but approximately 10% of cases may be familial. To our knowledge, the clinicopathologic and molecular features of such pedigrees, however, have not been studied in detail. OBSERVATIONS: We assessed 2 Brazilian families with either lichen-type (family 1 had 14 affected subjects) or macular-type (family 2 had 7 affected subjects) PLCA. Typically, in both pedigrees, the onset of symptoms was around puberty, and @entity111 usually began on the lower legs. Findings from lesional skin biopsy samples from both families showed @entity7732 -positive material in the papillary dermis, which was more prominent in the lichen phenotype in family 1. Spontaneous improvement occurred in 3 subjects (from both families) after age 25 years. All affected individuals in family 1 had a heterozygous missense mutation in the @entity18037 gene ( @entity59252 ), but no pathogenic mutation in @entity18037 was found in family 2. CONCLUSIONS: Familial PLCA shows autosomal dominant inheritance, but there is clinical and genetic heterogeneity and variable clinical penetrance. Demonstration of mutations in the @entity18037 gene provides new insight into mechanisms of itch and apoptosis in @entity1 skin.

title: Familial primary XXXX in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity5546 :: ('MESH:C562643', 'Disease') :: ['lichen amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity59251 :: ('MESH:C562642', 'Disease') :: ['localized cutaneous amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity7732 :: ('MESH:C009462', 'Chemical') :: ['thioflavin T']

answer: @entity59251 :: (MESH:C562642,Disease) :: ['localized cutaneous amyloidosis']