abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7101 Background: The @entity470 and @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) may be targeted with inhibitors such as @entity4562 ('Iressa', @entity4562 ) and @entity13586 , respectively. METHODS: This Phase I/II study evaluated the safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic interactions of @entity4562 250 mg po daily with @entity13586 in @entity902 -pretreated @entity1149 . @entity13586 was escalated through 3 cohorts of 6 @entity1 from 12.5 (Level 1) to 25 (Level 2) and 50 mg po od (Level 3), the dose at which >90% of @entity2247 activity is inhibited, with the final cohort expanded to 27 @entity1 . RESULTS: Analysis is complete on 33 recruited @entity1 . The treatment appears generally well tolerated, the main @entity137 including @entity1910 (grade 1/2, 44%; grade 3/4, 3%) and @entity294 (grade 1/2, 22%). One @entity1 at Level 1 was withdrawn due to grade 1 @entity8 . Another had a cerebrovascular accident occurring on Day 31. Time to @entity5 progression was 54 days (range 46-64 days). Of 31 @entity1 evaluable for response, 1 complete response and 2 partial responses were seen, with stable disease recorded in a further 9, giving a disease control rate of 39%. Preliminary results for a panel of potential surrogate serum/plasma markers of response indicate that IFNy, @entity310 , @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity650 , @entity688 and big- @entity2232 levels are similar in responders and non-responders at baseline and over time. An ongoing global serum proteomic analysis will assess if responders can be distinguished from non-responders. Study recruitment is complete and final results will be presented at the meeting. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity4562 with @entity13586 is generally well tolerated and may have a role to play in the management of @entity1149 . 'Iressa' is a trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies [Table: see text].

title: Combination therapy with @entity4562 ( @entity4562 ) and XXXX in @entity902 -pretreated relapsed @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['Rofecoxib', 'rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: The first case is a 59-year-old @entity1 who had @entity812 and @entity390 . KUB, excretory urograms and CT scan showed a @entity1901 at the ureterovesical junction associated with @entity8 . Percutaneous nephrostomy was performed. The ureteral stone was spontaneously discharged on the 4th postoperative day and extravasation of contrast medium from the left @entity8 disappeared. The second case is a 42-year-old @entity1 who was admitted with bilateral @entity812 , @entity390 and @entity391 . KUB and excretory urograms showed bilateral @entity3041 due to small bilateral ureteral stones. Serum BUN and @entity1011 had risen to 41 and 5.1 mg/dl, respectively, on the day after admission. Percutaneous nephrostomy to the left kidney was performed. BUN and @entity1011 were normalized immediately and the bilateral ureteral stones were spontaneously discharged by the 9th postoperative day. After the nephrostomy catheters were removed, no complications occurred in either case and KUB and excretory urograms showed normal findings.

title: [Percutaneous nephrostomy for unusual complications occurring in XXXX with ureteral stones: a report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis', 'spontaneous rupture of the left renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['left ureteral stone']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain', 'left flank pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors are major glutamatergic receptors involved in most excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. The transcriptional regulation of @entity143 receptors is not fully understood. Previously, we found that the @entity6806 and @entity13069 subunits of the @entity143 receptor are regulated by nuclear respiratory @entity8876 ( @entity25577 and @entity13791 ). @entity25577 and @entity13791 also regulate all 13 subunits of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), a critical energy-generating enzyme, thereby coupling neuronal activity and energy metabolism at the transcriptional level. Specificity protein (Sp) is a family of transcription factors that bind to GC-rich regions, with @entity3419 , @entity28549 , and @entity35059 all binding to the same cis- motifs. @entity3419 and @entity28549 are ubiquitously expressed, whereas @entity35059 expression is restricted to neurons and testicular cells. Recently, we found that the @entity3419 factor regulates all subunits of COX. The goal of the present study was to test our hypothesis that the Sp factors also regulate specific subunits of @entity143 receptors, and that they function with @entity25577 and @entity13791 via one of three mechanisms: complementary, concurrent and parallel, or a combination of complementary and concurrent/parallel. By means of multiple approaches we found that @entity35059 functionally regulated @entity6806 , @entity11588 , and @entity13069 , but not @entity21413 . On the other hand, @entity3419 and @entity28549 did not regulate these subunits as previously thought. Our data suggest that @entity35059 operates in a complementary and concurrent/parallel manner with @entity25577 and @entity13791 to mediate the tight coupling between energy metabolism and neuronal activity at the molecular level.

title: @entity35059 functionally regulates the transcription of @entity143 receptor subunits @entity6806 , XXXX , and @entity13069 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Methyl-d-aspartate']

answer: @entity11588 :: (2903,Gene) :: ['GluN2A']


abstract: Over the last 10 years 32 @entity1 have had synchronous hepatic metastases from @entity14 treated surgically in this unit. As a general policy the metastases were resected 3-4 months after resection of the primary @entity5 . At the end of this interval a thorough assessment was made for recurrent local, regional or extrahepatic @entity3 before making a decision to perform liver resection. Eighteen @entity1 had a conventional liver resection (13 major liver resections, 5 limited liver resections) and 14 @entity1 had an atypical liver resection (metastasectomy). @entity1 were followed at 4 monthly intervals after operation using ultrasonography and @entity787 determination. The operative mortality (within 60 days) was zero. Twenty-six @entity1 (81%) had a totally uncomplicated postoperative course. The period of hospitalization was 14 +/- 2 days. Two @entity1 had a second liver resection at a later date on account of @entity5 recurrence. The survival rates at 1, 2 and 3 years were 84%, 58% and 33% respectively. These results confirm that synchronous hepatic metastases from @entity14 can be resected with minimal morbidity and mortality and that worthwhile improvements in life expectancy result.

title: Surgery for synchronous hepatic metastases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: The effects of the non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent @entity1169 (known for its anti-lipolytic activity) on body composition were investigated in growing male @entity35 on normal unrestricted diet (N = 7) and on diet restriction (N = 7, 95% of controls). Three animals in each group were injected i.p. with 30 mg @entity1169 per kg body weight (bw) dissolved in saline, 5 days/week. This dose attenuates exercising heart rate by 25% and exercise training-induced enzyme activity. The remaining animals received saline. Fat, glycogen, moisture and non-ether extractable residue were determined in the homogenized residue of the whole animal. After 9 weeks on the experimental regimen, bw gain was significantly lower in the diet restricted @entity35 , whereas @entity1169 had no effect on the bw gain. The percentage of fat, moisture and non-ether extractable residue were unchanged by either @entity1169 or diet restriction. However, glycogen content was significantly lower in the beta-blocked @entity35 either with or without diet restriction. These data indicated that neither beta-adrenergic blockade nor minimal diet restriction influences the percentage body fat, whereas body glycogen content is decreased under both conditions.

title: The effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on body composition in free-fed and diet-restricted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Corneal @entity1066 in contact lens wearers are becoming more common, and can sometimes lead to severe complications. The purpose of this study is to define the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological and therapeutic considerations of these @entity1066 within the above context. @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted an uncontrolled, descriptive, retrospective study of 51 @entity1 presenting with contact lens related corneal @entity1066 to the ophthalmology department of the August 20, 1953 Hospital in Casablanca between January 2009 and January 2012. RESULTS: The average age of our @entity1 was 22 years, with a gender ratio of 7.5 female to male. General risk factors ( @entity6 and @entity378 ) were found in 17.5% of cases. The average length of hospital stay was 15 days. Of our @entity1 , 58.8% wore cosmetic contact lenses and 41.18% wore therapeutic contact lenses. Mean duration prior to consultation was 5 days. The predominant clinical signs were @entity3856 and redness, with a decrease in visual acuity worse than 1/10 in 82.3% of @entity1 . In 70.6% of cases, the @entity1066 was central. The average size was 4.3mm. An anterior chamber reaction was found in 47.1%. Corneal bacterial cultures were positive in 47.8%. Pathogens found were @entity794 , @entity796 and Acantham  ba. Contact lens and solution cultures were positive in 73.6% of cases. Outcomes were favorable with local and systemic antibiotic treatment adapted to microbiological results in only 41.2% of cases. In the remaining @entity1 , significant secondary opacities persisted. DISCUSSION: Cosmetic and therapeutic contact lens wear is a major cause of corneal @entity1066 . Delayed consultation results in severe sequelae with persistently decreased visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The ophthalmologist plays an important role in preventing complications of contact lens wear, through better hygiene instruction and follow-up of his or her @entity1 .

title: [Contact lens related corneal XXXX : clinical, microbiological and therapeutic features].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The antiepileptic @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a teratogen whose embryopathic mechanism(s) remain uncertain. Elucidating potential cellular and molecular effects of @entity2052 is complicated by systemic application paradigms. We developed an in ovo model to reproduce the teratogenic effects of @entity2052 and a localized @entity2052 application procedure to determine whether @entity2052 can selectively effect abnormal development in one region of the embryo. METHODS: @entity2052 was applied topically to @entity1573 embryos in ovo at different embryonic stages. Embryos were later evaluated for gross and @entity154 . @entity62080 and @entity42988 protein expression in the developing eye was also evaluated because @entity2052 -induced @entity735 are similar to those seen by the disruption of @entity62080 and @entity42988 . For localized application, a thin sheet of the synthetic polymer Elvax was impregnated with @entity2052 . A small piece of the @entity2052 -impregnated polymer was applied directly to the presumptive wing bud region in Stage 10-17 embryos. Embryos were examined for gross and @entity154 . Sham controls were employed for all experiments. RESULTS: @entity1573 embryos exposed to @entity2052 in ovo demonstrated increased mortality, growth @entity154 similar to ones previously seen in @entity1 : neural tube, cardiovascular, craniofacial, limb and skeletal. @entity62080 and @entity42988 protein expression was qualitatively diminished in the eye. Localized wing bud @entity2052 exposure caused @entity2526 in the developing wing in the absence of other anomalies in the embryos. These wing defects were similar to those observed after topical whole-embryo @entity2052 application. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that at least one mechanism for the teratogenicity of @entity2052 involves a direct effect on developing tissue. The nature of the abnormalities observed implies that this effect may be mediated by disruption of genes that regulate pattern formation.

title: An in ovo XXXX model to study the systemic and localized teratogenic effects of @entity1092 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal anomalies', 'delay and anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['eye anomalies']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the aetiology, diagnosis and management of @entity1695 in pregnancy and to describe the use of double-pigtail ureteric stents in a series of 10 @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study of @entity1 presenting to a maternity unit in whom the diagnosis of @entity1695 is reached. SETTING: Southmead Hospital in Bristol; a large district general hospital with a throughput of around 6000 maternity @entity1 per year. SUBJECTS: 10 @entity1 (8 in their first pregnancy, 1 in her second and 1 in her third; mean age 29.2 years (range 18-31 years). INTERVENTIONS: Double-pigtail ureteric stents were electively passed after a diagnosis of @entity1695 . Stents remained in situ for a mean 15.5 weeks (range 8-25 weeks) and were electively removed 4-6 weeks post partum. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 progressed uneventfully through the remainder of their pregnancy. One developed strangury, haematuria and discomfort after stent insertion. Seven @entity1 had normal vaginal deliveries, two assisted vaginal deliveries and one was delivered by caesarean section. None required to have external urinary drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Double-pigtail ureteric stents are easy to place and remove and are well tolerated. They provide a simple, safe and effective method of internal upper urinary tract drainage in @entity1695 in pregnancy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy--diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['Ureteric obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptom control in @entity102 is not merely a matter of medical management as the @entity1 and family must rely on their own judgment, wisdom, and ingenuity for controlling symptoms. The absence in the literature regarding the effects of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) as perceived by afflicted @entity1 and their family members led to the 10-year longitudinal study. OBJECTIVES: To study @entity1 self-report data to determine whether particular interventions may be needed to enhance the individual's comfort and functional levels. METHODS: The @entity102 trajectory of three groups of @entity1 with @entity15 (< or =5 years of diagnosis, n=49; >5 to 10 years, n=36; and >10 years, n=68) was examined over a 10-year period. Serial self-assessments of the subjects' prevalence of @entity15 -related symptoms (motor, brain stem, sensory, elimination, mental/emotional) and level of activities of daily living (ADL) functioning (fine and gross motor activities, sensory/communication, socializing/recreation, intimacy) were obtained annually. Profiles illustrating the subject's symptom and ADL pattern were also returned annually to each subject. RESULTS: Using 10-year average scores, study findings indicated no group differences relative to symptoms but showed significant group differences in all ADL functions. Separate group within-year (1, 3, 5, 7, 10) comparisons reflected significant increases in motor, brain stem, and elimination symptoms together with a decline in all ADL functions for specific groups. CONCLUSIONS: Medical data suggest, on average, a continuous downward trajectory beginning in the first years of illness or at approximately 36 to 37 years of age. In contrast, in this research, @entity1 self-reports of fine and gross motor ADL, a correlate of neurologically based disability evaluations, reflect that relatively major decline begins after 5 years post-diagnosis and after age 40 for subjects recruited primarily from nonclinical sites.

title: Symptom and activities of daily living trajectory in XXXX : a 10-year study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a high incidence of @entity3136 occurring in @entity1 on a pilot study of the epidermal growth factor receptor @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 (Iressa) in combination with @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) and external beam radiation therapy for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell @entity135 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled on a pilot phase I trial of oral @entity4562 250 mg/d with 6 weekly doses of @entity1311 (36 or 45 mg/m) and concurrent radiation therapy [66-76 Gray (Gy)]. All had stage III/IVA-B squamous cell @entity135 . @entity1 were evaluated twice weekly by physicians and daily by nursing for adverse events. RESULTS: Six of 9 @entity1 (67%) developed a grade 3 "burning" quality @entity809 . These @entity1 received at least 50 Gy (range 50-70 Gy) to the oral tongue. The @entity1 without grade 3 @entity809 received less than 50 Gy radiation to the oral tongue. The @entity809 was exacerbated by the ingestion of neutral pH liquids such as water. Of the 6 @entity1 , all eventually developed common @entity137 criteria grade 3/4 @entity33 ; however, symptoms continued after resolution of the @entity33 . @entity2682 (Neurontin) was administered to 2 @entity1 as a treatment for @entity21115 . Both @entity1 had near resolution of symptoms despite the evolution of @entity3136 . CONCLUSIONS: Development of "burning"-type @entity809 occurred in @entity1 treated with the combination of @entity4562 , @entity1311 , and external beam radiation of the oral tongue. This dysesthesia was improved by the use of @entity2682 .

title: High incidence of @entity809 on a trial of @entity4562 , XXXX , and concurrent external beam radiation for locally advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'oral mucosal dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin', 'Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['oral dysesthesia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity21115 :: ('MESH:C564945', 'Disease') :: ['painful mucosal neuropathy']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity4760 have typically been associated with both underlying hammertoe contracture and @entity1897 . The combination of @entity85 and @entity16 commonly results in non-healing, deep sores that frequently become complicated by @entity4034 . We report on a well-known, but poorly reported, technique for surgical management of @entity1066 . After approval by the institutional review board, a review was performed of consecutive @entity1 who had undergone office-based distal Symes toe amputation for a non-healing tip of lesser toe ulcer from January 2007 to December 2012. A variety of clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected. A total of 48 consecutive @entity1 (48 toe @entity1066 ) were identified for inclusion in the present study. All @entity1 had @entity1066 at the time of surgery, and no @entity1 developed repeat ulceration of the involved digit postoperatively. Of the 48 @entity1 , 44 (92%) had @entity85 preoperatively. Also, 30 @entity1 (63%) had positive probe-to-bone results, and 29 (97%) of these @entity1 had culture or histologic findings positive for @entity4034 . Of the 48 @entity1 (48 @entity1066 ), 73% had positive bone cultures, 69% had positive pathologic findings demonstrating @entity4034 , and 100% had clean margins. @entity3256 -resistant @entity5938 was the most common pathogen isolated (13 of 48, 27%). No @entity1 required additional amputation related to the operative digit. The mean follow-up period was 28.79  months. Our results have shown that in-office distal Symes lesser toe amputation is a safe, reliable, and likely cost-effective treatment of @entity1066 complicated by @entity4034 . This office-based procedure allows bone biopsy diagnosis, removes the non-healing ulcer, confirms clear margins regarding the @entity4034 , and addresses the underlying @entity85 to minimize the chances of repeat ulceration.

title: In-office Distal Symes Lesser Toe Amputation-A Safe, Reliable, and Cost-effective Treatment of Diabetes-related Tip of Toe Ulcers Complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['non-healing tip of lesser toe ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['hammertoe deformity', 'digital deformity', 'toe deformity']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes-related tip of lesser toe ulcers']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: Pathological prognostic factors of @entity420 were studied retrospectively in 173 @entity1 who underwent curative resection between 1970 and 1980. Analysis was mono- and multifactorial. Minimal and median follow-up were 24 and 66 months respectively. Three factors had a favorable influence on the local failure (LF) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) risks: length of the @entity5 less than 2 cm; polypoid aspect; Astler-Coller's stage A. Four factors increased the LF risks: perineural invasion (LF = 57 p. 100); poorly differentiated or @entity5 (LF = 50 p. 100); lymph node @entity3 (LF: 43 p. 100); lymphatic invasion (LF = 36 p. 100). Two factors increased the @entity3 risks: perineural invasion ( @entity3 = 43 p. 100); lymph node @entity3 ( @entity3 = 37 p. 100). The multifactorial analysis showed that the risk factors were the same for LF as for @entity3 . Perineural invasion (p less than 0.001), lymph node @entity3 (p less than 0.002), level of extension of the @entity5 in the rectal wall (p = 0.005) were the most important factors for local recurrences. Lymph node @entity3 (p less than 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.03) and level of extension in the wall (p = 0.05) were the most important factors for @entity3 . These data suggest that a failure risks scale may be established and can be of help in stratifying @entity1 in adjuvant treatment studies.

title: [Anatomo-pathological factors in the prognosis of XXXX . A mono- and multifactorial study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'colloid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether hematocrit (HCT) is associated with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) mortality in @entity1 over 55 years of age in Finland. METHODS: Health survey data were recorded in 1980 from 670 @entity1 , aged 55 years. The causes of deaths during a 28-year follow-up were obtained from official records. Statistical comparisons were done by @entity797 proportional hazard regression model after dividing the @entity1 into two groups, one with HCT<50% and the other, HCT> or =50%. RESULTS: There were altogether 412 deaths of all causes, including 140 from @entity301 . In @entity1 having HCT<50%, the crude @entity301 mortality rate per 10,000 population was 2203, while in @entity1 with HCT> or =50%, the corresponding figure was 4255. @entity1 with HCT> or =50% were 2.4 times (95% CI 1.6-3.5) more likely to die from @entity301 than were @entity1 with HCT<50%. After adjusting for established coronary risk factors, the increased risk remained 1.8-fold (95 % CI, 1.1-2.7). CONCLUSIONS: Borderline @entity6582 was associated with increased @entity301 mortality. The cut-off value in our study was > or =50%, proposing that for @entity1 over 55 years of age such HCT levels might be an additional risk factor.

title: Hematocrit and the risk of XXXX mortality in the TAMRISK study, a 28-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9927 is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Heparin and @entity898 treatment has potential efficacy in @entity130 . We investigated the impact of a heparin/ @entity898 / @entity3045 nebulization protocol in adult @entity1 with @entity130 . METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of adult @entity130 @entity1 , admitted to a regional burn center between January 2011 and July 2012, who underwent a protocol of alternating treatments of heparin and @entity898 / @entity3045 nebulization every 4 hours. The study cohort was matched 1:1 by age, sex, and burn size to a control cohort admitted within 5 years before protocol implementation. RESULTS: The study (n = 20) and control cohorts (n = 20) were well matched, with nearly identical age (50 vs 49 years), sex distribution (70% male), burn size (total body surface area, 22% vs 21%), and @entity130 , except grade I injuries (79% vs 47%, P = 0.01). The protocol did not change mortality (30% vs 25%, P = 0.72) or duration of mechanical ventilation (8.5 vs 8.8 days, P = 0.9). There was no difference in development of @entity295 (40% vs 33%, P = 0.7) or acute @entity649 (15% vs 10%, P = 1); however, those who received the protocol were more likely to develop @entity55 (45% vs 11%, P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a heparin/ @entity898 / @entity3045 protocol did not reduce mortality or duration of mechanical ventilation in this cohort of adults with @entity130 and resulted in a significant increase in @entity55 rates. Larger prospective studies are necessary, with close attention paid to minimizing the infection risk incurred from frequent administration of nebulized medications.

title: Does a Nebulized Heparin/ @entity898 Protocol Improve Outcomes in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['Smoke inhalation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

answer: @entity9927 :: (MESH:D015208,Disease) :: ['Adult Smoke Inhalation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five years of @entity440 therapy has been the standard of care for the adjuvant treatment of @entity172 receptor-positive @entity0 for many years and was the first hormonal treatment for postmenopausal @entity1 with advanced or @entity3 . The third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) @entity13558 , @entity17082 , and @entity4672 offer new treatment options, although their efficacy has not been compared directly in randomized, double-blind, controlled trials in any @entity0 treatment setting. OBJECTIVE: : The goal of this article was to review the results of recent randomized, controlled clinical trials of the AIs in the settings of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and advance d/metastatic @entity0 . METHODS: MEDLINE was searched for descriptions of randomized, controlled clinical trials published from 1990 to 2005 using the terms @entity0 , aromatase, aromatase inhibitor, @entity13558 , @entity17082 , and @entity4672 . Abstracts from the proceedings of several oncology meetings held between 2001 and 2005 were searched to capture relevant emerging data. RESULTS: In 2 Phase III trials comparing an AI with @entity440 for the adjuvant treatment of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 , disease-free survival was significantly improved with @entity13558 and @entity4672 compared with @entity440 as initial adjuvant treatment (P = 0.01 and P = 0.003, respectively). A switch to either @entity13558 (2 Phase III trials) or @entity17082 (1 Phase III trial) after 2 to 3 years of adjuvant @entity440 therapy was more effective in reducing the risk of recurrence than continued @entity440 therapy (P = 0.006, P < 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively); data on switching to @entity4672 are expected soon. In another Phase III trial, @entity4672 was found to improve disease-free survival in the extended adjuvant setting (P < or = 0.001) and was the only AI consistently more effective than @entity440 in the neoadjuvant setting. In 3 Phase III studies (1 @entity4672 vs @entity440 , 2 @entity13558 vs @entity440 ), both @entity13558 and @entity4672 were more efficacious than @entity440 in the first-line setting, and some @entity1 receiving @entity4672 had better overall response rates compared with those receiving @entity13558 in the second-line setting (19.1% vs 12.3%, respectively; P = 0.013). In a @entity1 -preference study, those receiving @entity4672 reported fewer adverse events than those receiving @entity13558 (43% vs 65%; P < 0.003), and more @entity1 preferred @entity4672 to @entity13558 (68% vs 32%; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Currently, @entity13558 and @entity4672 are associated with the most complete data over the @entity0 care continuum, with efficacy in early-stage, locally advanced, and @entity3 . In-direct comparisons suggest stronger evidence for the use of @entity4672 compared with other AIs for @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 who require @entity172 -deprivation therapy. Data from randomized, double-blind comparative studies will help clarify the differences between AIs.

title: Are all aromatase inhibitors the same? A review of controlled clinical trials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['exemestane']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore serial reconstruction strategy for severe cervical @entity85 . METHODS: A total of 24 cases, III or IV degree cervical @entity1159 , were treated in Shanghai Ninth @entity1 's Hospital from January 2006 to December 2011. There were 18 males and 6 females with an average age of 35.4 years. The etiologies included burns, @entity130 and @entity5391 . Three evaluation indices of mental cervical angle (MCA) including soft tissue MCA, osseous @entity9623 and dynamic MCA were measured before treatment and during follow-ups. The first-stage treatment was comprised of cervical cicatrix resection, contracture release, lift of dual direction platysma flap, reconstruction of MCA and skin grafting. At Months 3-6, second-stage treatment was performed, including lower mandible scar resection, correction of lower lip eversion, lower mandible region reconstruction with free (para-) scapular skin flap. After two-stage treatment, the @entity1 underwent periodical re-evaluations for gross appearance, function and measurement of MCA. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 completing two-stage reconstruction were followed up. Notable improvement of cervical mobilization and contour were achieved. Soft tissue MCA decreased from 130      34   to 110      24  , osseous MCA increased from 71      23   to 95      19   and dynamic MCA increased from 25      18   to 80      26  . CONCLUSIONS: The serial treatment strategy is effective. In comparisons with reconstruction with skin graft only or skin flap only, the strategy possesses many advantages.

title: [Serial reconstruction strategy for severe cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture deformity']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['cicatrix deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injuries']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['cicatrix deformity']


abstract: A best evidence topic in cardiac surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'Does a skeletonized internal thoracic artery (ITA) give fewer @entity260 than a pedicled artery for @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?' Altogether, 98 papers were found using the reported search, of which 11 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. Papers about patency of skeletonized versus pedicled internal thoracic artery were excluded. The analysed complications were essentially @entity1764 , superficial sternal @entity281 , wound @entity281 , @entity662 and pulmonary function. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. Grafts used were either single ITA (LITA or RITA, left or right, respectively) or bilateral ITAs (BITAs). One prospective randomized controlled trial was identified, which found that benefits of skeletonized harvesting included increased graft length, increased graft flow and decreased incidence of @entity1764 . All of the six studies concerning wound @entity281 demonstrate fewer complications when ITA is skeletonized. One of the three papers describing postoperative mortality demonstrated lower 30-day mortality, but there was no long-term analysis. Three studies describing postoperative @entity662 reported a lower score on the visual analogue scale (VAS) within 30 days. One of them indicates that the pedicled group has a significantly greater VAS, @entity158 disability index and short-form McGill Pain questionnaire score at 1 and 3 months. The hospital stay was shorter for three studies conducted on this subject. One study about pulmonary function reported a better ratio of pre- versus postoperative values of forced vital capacity. Despite longer operating times, skeletonization leads to fewer @entity2737 , reduced @entity662 , allows a shorter hospital stay and better preserves pulmonary function.

title: Does a skeletonized internal thoracic artery give fewer @entity260 than a pedicled artery for XXXX undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to compare dynamic MRI (D-MRI) with dynamic CT (D-CT) for the diagnosis of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) of the liver. METHOD: Twenty @entity1 with @entity1897 underwent both D-CT and D-MRI during the early, middle, and delayed phase after contrast medium administration. The findings from D-MRI were compared with those from D-CT. RESULTS: D-CT and D-MRI exhibited a similar tumoral enhancement pattern, and this enhancement was more conspicuous on D-MRI. A wedge-like enhancement area peripheral to the @entity5 was observed in 9 (45%) @entity1 on D-CT and 11 (55%) @entity1 on D-MRI. @entity384 was found in 13 (65%) @entity1 on both techniques. Vascular involvement and extrahepatic invasion were seen in nine (45%) and two (10%) @entity1 , respectively. The relationship of the @entity5 to the vessels and surrounding organs was more easily evaluated on D-CT. CONCLUSION: Both D-CT and D-MRI can provide important information for the diagnosis of @entity1897 . D-CT is better than D-MRI for demonstrating vascular involvement and extrahepatic invasion. D-MRI gives more conspicuous enhancement.

title: Intrahepatic XXXX : comparison of dynamic CT and dynamic MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['PCC', 'peripheral cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal dilatation']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: @entity44 ( @entity44 ) is a common @entity43 in young females. A secondary malignant transformation occurs rarely in cystic @entity44 at an older age. These secondary malignant neoplasms most commonly are @entity957 ( @entity957 ). Various mechanisms are reported, but the exact aetiology is unknown. We report three cases of SCC arising in @entity44 and one case of @entity259 as secondary transformation. The @entity957 were arising from the cyst wall, while the papillary thyroid @entity5 arose from the normal-looking thyroid epithelium. Histologically, all SCC cases were poorly differentiated. Poor prognostic features for secondary transformations include size more than 10 cm, older age and rapid growth. Data is scarce regarding their appropriate treatment. However, surgical debulking is necessary. @entity902 -based adjuvant regimens and @entity6023 are recommended in cases of @entity1442 . In this paper we review and share our experience with this @entity395 .

title: Malignant transformations in XXXX : a report of four cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['cystic teratoma', 'MCT', 'Mature cystic teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian teratomas']


abstract: @entity417 is recognized as a common complication of @entity740 with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Published data document the negative impact of @entity417 on @entity65 outcomes, progression of @entity740 ( @entity740 ), hospitalizations, rehabilitation and quality of life, among others. Gender differences have been identified in many of these areas as well as, and importantly, in @entity65 outcomes. Female gender is associated with lower risk of @entity65 and mortality as well as slower progression of @entity740 . Interestingly, there are some well-described physiological adaptations to @entity417 in @entity1 , which include shifting of the haemoglobin @entity26 dissociation curve to reduce @entity26 affinity secondary to higher levels of @entity6297 . However, the complex physiology underlying the impact of @entity417 or gender on @entity1 with @entity740 is not well-characterized to date. Furthermore, there has been little examination of the potential interaction between @entity417 and gender on cardiac or kidney outcomes. In this paper, we review the documented impact of @entity417 and gender on outcomes, and explore the interaction of @entity417 and gender in @entity1 with @entity740 . We also present data that describe the potential importance of considering gender when targeting specific levels of haemoglobin. The value of a new perspective on haemoglobin and gender in @entity8 is important from both a physiological and an economical perspective.

title: Sex, XXXX : new perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6297 :: ('MESH:D019794', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3-diphosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['haemoglobin and kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mastery in -fundamental motor skills ( @entity1957 ) is associated with increased physical activity (PA) in school-aged @entity1 ; however, there is limited research on pre-schoolers (3-5 years). We aimed to evaluate interventions for improving @entity1957 as well as PA. DESIGN/METHODS: A search of electronic databases was conducted for controlled trials using PA interventions with @entity1957 as outcomes in healthy pre-schoolers. Standardised mean difference (SMD), 95% confidence intervals and publication bias were calculated for each outcome using Revman 5.3. RESULTS: Twenty trials met inclusion criteria. In total, 4255 pre-schoolers were analysed with 854 completing a @entity1957 intervention. Studies were categorised into three groups (i) Teacher-Led (TL)(n=13); (ii) @entity1 -Centred (CC)(n=6) and (iii) Parent-Led (PL)(n=1). Mean age was 4.3  0.4 years, with equal gender distribution. Interventions ran for 21  17 weeks, 3  1 times per week for 35  17 minutes. TL interventions significantly improved overall @entity1957 (SMD=0.14[0.06, 0.21]; p=0.0003), object control (SMD=0.47[0.15, 0.80]; p= 0.004), and @entity717 (SMD=0.44[0.16, 0.73]; p=0.002), whereas CC interventions were not significant. There was a small, non-significant reduction in sedentary time (SMD=-0.35[-0.80, 0.10]; p= 0.12), and a large non-significant increase in PA (SMD=0.79[-0.83, 2.41]; p=0.34). CONCLUSION: PA interventions improve @entity1957 in pre-schoolers; however, due to limited research, more study is needed on CC interventions. Targeting @entity1957 development in pre-schoolers may promote higher PA levels and reduce sedentary time, however more study is needed.

title: Interventions to improve fundamental motor skills in pre-school aged XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor skills']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In a period of 33 months, we performed endoscopic injection with pure @entity167 (PA) to try to stop peptic @entity548 in 115 @entity1 . The sex ratio (M/F) was 104/11. The average age was 59.5 +/- 1.5 years (mean +/- SEM). Sixty-two @entity1 (53.9%) were in shock before endoscopic injection. Thirty-three (28.7%) had spurting @entity548 , 31 (27%) oozing @entity548 , and 51 (44.3%) nonbleeding visible vessels (NBVV). We obtained initial success in 92 @entity1 (80%). Rebleeding episodes occurred in 7 @entity1 (7.6%) within 7 days of endoscopic injection. Five of those who rebled received a second injection with PA and @entity548 stopped in three of them. In 88 (76.5%) @entity1 , therapy was ultimately successful. The duration of hospitalization was 5.1 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- SEM). The total volume of blood transfused was 1450 +/- 192 ml (mean +/- SEM). We conclude that endoscopic injection is an inexpensive, convenient, and effective means for arresting peptic @entity548 . It can be used as the first therapeutic approach.

title: Endoscopic injection of XXXX to stop peptic @entity548 . Experience with 115 cases.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether serum thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) levels are of value in predicting @entity5 in @entity1 with nodular @entity1374 . The relationship between TSH levels and @entity259 incidence was also investigated. METHOD: One hundred and eight @entity1 with @entity259 who underwent surgical treatment were included in this study (25 cases of @entity3557 and 83 cases of @entity5 ). The data of their preoperative serum TSH level, gender, age, number of @entity5 detected by ultrasonic inspection, and pathological type were retrospectively analyzed, and their association with @entity259 incidence was explored. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict @entity259 risk factors. RESULT: @entity1 with @entity5 had a higher mean value of TSH than that of the @entity1 with benignancy [(1.94  1.01)mlU/L vs (1.16   0.85)mIU/L, respectively; P<0.05]. Compared with the @entity1 below the population mean, @entity1 above the population mean had a significantly higher @entity5 rate (35.9% vs 15.9%, P<0.05). High serum TSH level (OR=10.913, P=0.001), male (OR=4. 845, P=0.028) and age >= 45 (OR=10.831, P=0.001) are independent risk factors of @entity259 . CONCLUSION: The preoperative serum TSH level may be useful in predicting the probability of @entity5 . The high serum TSH level, male, age >= 45 are risk factors of @entity259 .

title: [Association between preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level and nonfunctioning malignant nodule XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: @entity950 ( @entity950 ) is a rare @entity74 characterized by @entity344 . We present a new pathogenic mutation of the @entity1594 gene and illustrate the need for a multidisciplinary health care approach to facilitate the correct diagnosis. The @entity1 , a 47-year-old Caucasian @entity1 , was diagnosed with @entity417 at the age of 12. During the following 30 years, she developed numerous gastrointestinal @entity1127 . The @entity1 underwent several operations, and suffered chronic @entity490 , @entity3147 , and @entity281 . Screening of the @entity1594 gene revealed a novel, disease-causing mutation. In 2012, the @entity1 suffered @entity4988 and a large polyp in the small bowel was found. Gamma globulin was given but the @entity1 responded with @entity221 and @entity683 -like symptoms and refused more treatment. The @entity1 underwent surgery in 2014 and made an uneventful recovery. At follow-up two months later albumin was 38   g/L and IgG was 6.9   g/L. Accurate diagnosis is essential for medical care. For @entity1 with complex symptomatology, often with @entity395 , this is best provided by multidisciplinary teams including representatives from clinical genetics. @entity1 with a @entity1594 mutation should be followed up both for @entity950 and @entity1884 and may develop @entity6518 and @entity465 .

title: A Novel XXXX Mutation Causing Severe @entity950 with @entity6518 , @entity465 , and @entity1884 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile polyps of the gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein loosing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity950 :: ('MESH:C537702', 'Disease') :: ['JPS', 'Juvenile polyposis syndrome']

answer: @entity1594 :: (4089,Gene) :: ['SMAD4']


abstract: In order to study their effects on the bile secretion, @entity205 and @entity1667 were injected intravenously into @entity35 at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. for 30 min. @entity1667 had no effect on bile secretion. @entity205 led to transient @entity9744 characterized by decreased bile flow as well as a decrease of @entity3645 and @entity165 in bile. Phospholipid levels were not affected. Liver biopsy showed no particular @entity154 . These findings suggest that the observed cholestatic reaction may be due to impairment of the metabolism of @entity165 into @entity3645 or of the conjugation of @entity3645 rather than to disturbances in bile secretion. After liver transplantation in @entity1 , @entity1448 associated with acute rejection or nonspecific @entity1448 cannot be attributed directly to the effect of @entity205 . Cholestasis can be offset by administering @entity7362 at a dose of 10 mumol/min/kg b.w. in order to maintain @entity6741 and phospholipid levels high enough to ensure proper "vectorization" of @entity165 to bile.

title: Effects of XXXX and corticosteroids on bile secretion in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of primary @entity8 may be unsuccessful or have potential @entity137 . Therefore, we evaluated the use of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) for empirical treatment of primary @entity8 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 with biopsy-proven primary @entity8 received @entity2098 for > or =3 months as adjunctive or primary treatment. Median (range) 24-hour urine protein to @entity1011 ratio (Up/c) and serum @entity1011 at the start and end of @entity2098 therapy were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS: Overall, the median Up/c decreased from 4.7 (range <0.1, 20.3) to 1.1 (<0.1, 14.3; P < 0.001) at the end of @entity2098 treatment with no significant change in median serum @entity1011 1.3 (0.6 to 6.1) to 1.2 (0.5 to 6.5) mg/dL. Median serum albumin increased from 3.4 (1.4, 4.6) to 4.1 (1.7, 48) g/dL (P < 0.001) and the median serum @entity165 decreased from 270 (148, 795) to 220 (140, 309) mg/dL (P < 0.001) post-treatment. For those with @entity1987 , a complete @entity134 withdrawal was accomplished in 5/6 @entity134 dependent @entity1 . @entity628 ( @entity628 ) @entity1 had a median Up/c that decreased from 2.7 (0.1, 20.3) to 0.8 (<0.1, 8.2; P = 0.001) in 18 @entity1 . In @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 , the median Up/c decreased from 7.3 (0.1, 18.5) to 1.5 (<0.1, 14.3) (P = 0.001) in 17 @entity1 . No significant change in median serum @entity1011 was detected in @entity628 or @entity8 @entity1 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical @entity2098 therapy in the majority of @entity1 with primary @entity8 was well tolerated and achieved the goals of @entity134 withdrawal, improvement of @entity1985 , and stabilization of renal function.

title: @entity618 treatment for primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN', 'glomerulopathies', 'glomerular diseases']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['FSGS', 'Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular diseases']


abstract: @entity18981 ( @entity53838 ) (10B enriched) is presently used for @entity9725 neutron capture therapy of @entity11 . @entity53838 must be close to the target cells to be effective in the inactivation of cell proliferation because of the short range of the reaction products (5-9 microns). Clinical experience indicates that @entity53838 is taken up in @entity11 but it is not known to which structures it binds at the cellular level. In vitro tests on monolayer cultured cells have indicated that @entity53838 does not bind, or only shows very weak binding, to single isolated cells. It is possible that @entity53838 accumulates in @entity5 regions due to the special conditions in poorly vascularized @entity5 tissue, such as low @entity4095 , low extracellular pH, metabolic gradients, and degenerative changes. To test this we incubated three types of multicellular @entity5 spheroids with @entity53838 for different times and analyzed both penetration and binding. The spatial distribution of 10B in sections of the spheroids was analyzed by neutron capture autoradiography. We found extensive accumulation of 10B in the central regions of both @entity11 and @entity694 spheroids. The accumulation closely followed the pattern of the degenerative changes which were characterized by massive @entity39 in the central regions of the @entity694 spheroids and by a continuously increasing frequency of pyknotic nuclei as a function of depth in the @entity11 spheroids. The accumulation of 10B in the @entity263 spheroids was much lower. The penetration assay, based on freeze-drying and vapor fixation, showed that @entity53838 penetrated easily since 10B equilibrated within 5-15 min in the studied spheroids. Thus, the low accumulation in the @entity263 spheroids was not due to penetration difficulties. The results of the present study on cellular spheroids and the results from previous studies on transplanted @entity5 support the observation that @entity53838 penetrates easily into the degenerative @entity5 areas and that 10B, for some @entity5 types, might accumulate in these regions as a result of the @entity53838 administration.

title: Accumulation of 10B in the central degenerative areas of human @entity11 and @entity694 spheroids after XXXX administration.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18981 :: ('MESH:C014651', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfhydryl boron hydride']

answer: @entity18981 :: (MESH:C014651,Chemical) :: ['sulfhydryl boron hydride']


abstract: The glomerular functional and structural changes in a @entity19 model (MRL-lpr/lpr) of progressive @entity1988 were studied. Animals were grouped into three age categories. (I, 14 wk; II, 20 wk; and III, 26 wk). GFR fell with age (257 +/- 43, 178 +/- 50, and 150 +/- 40 microL/min for Groups I through III, respectively). Similarly, the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf) measured on isolated glomeruli fell with time (0.030 +/- 0.006, 0.023 +/- 0.006, and 0.013 +/- 0.002 nL/s/mm Hg, respectively). Both @entity3352 and a selective @entity2871 receptor antagonist L-670,596 significantly improved GFR in Group II animals to values seen in Group I animals. Neither agent had any effect to increase GFR in older group III animals. @entity57499 had no effect on Kf in Group II or III animals. Glomerular morphometric evaluation demonstrated a progressive rise in glomerular tuft volume, mesangial matrix expansion, proliferation in cells, and a reduction in open capillary loops and epithelial filtration slits with age. However, because of the increase in glomerular volume, calculated surface area remained well preserved over the three respective groups (61 +/- 18, 76 +/- 15, and 71 +/- 13 microns2 x 10(3)). Therefore, the fall in Kf is likely due to a fall in hydraulic permeability (Lp). The ultrastructural component of the glomerular capillary wall that correlated best with Lp was the epithelial filtration slit number per micrometer of glomerular basement length (r = 0.73; P < 0.0001), which suggests that the structural correlate Kf is in the filtration slit length (FSL). Despite the cell proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion in @entity66 (Group II), the overall FSL remains stable because of a slight increase in filtration surface area and a slight reduction in epithelial slits per micrometer of glomerular basement membrane. The fall in GFR appears to be hemodynamically mediated by @entity2404 . In older Group III animals, the fall in GFR appears to be due to a 40% reduction in FSL rather than being hemodynamically based. Thus, the early improvement in function with pharmacological agents is deceptive because considerable disease may be present because of adaptive structural changes. Eventually, with disease progression, compensating hemodynamic and structural factors fail to maintain GFR within normal limits.

title: The functional and structural changes of the glomerulus throughout the course of XXXX @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Chondrocytes experience a dynamic extracellular osmotic environment during normal joint loading when fluid is forced from the matrix, increasing the local proteoglycan concentration and therefore the ionic strength and osmolarity. To exist in such a challenging environment, chondrocytes must possess mechanisms by which cell volume can be regulated. In this study, we investigated the ability of @entity291 articular chondrocytes (BAC) to regulate cell volume during a hypo-osmotic challenge. We also examined the effect of hypo-osmotic stress on early signaling events including [ @entity141 ](i) and membrane currents. Changes in cell volume were measured by monitoring the fluorescence of @entity5384 -loaded cells. [ @entity141 ](i) was quantified using @entity593 , and membrane currents were recorded using patch clamp. BAC exhibited regulated volume decrease (RVD) when exposed to hypo-osmotic saline which was inhibited by @entity15311 . Swelling stimulated [ @entity141 ](i) transients in BAC which were dependent on swelling magnitude. @entity15311 , zero [ @entity141 ](o), and @entity2426 all attenuated the [ @entity141 ](i) response, suggesting roles for @entity141 influx through stretch activated channels, and @entity141 release from intracellular stores. Inward and outward membrane currents significantly increased during cell swelling and were inhibited by @entity15311 . These results indicate that RVD in BAC may involve [ @entity141 ](i) and ion channel activation, both of which play pivotal roles in RVD in other cell types. These signaling pathways are also similar to those activated in chondrocytes subjected to other biophysical signals. It is possible, then, that these signaling events may also be involved in a mechanism by which mechanical loads are transduced into appropriate cellular responses by chondrocytes.

title: Effects of cell swelling on intracellular calcium and membrane currents in XXXX articular chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A case of actinomycotic @entity738 of the optic chiasma and the optic nerve is reported. A 53-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity10 and @entity391 on September 25, 1989. General physical and neurological examination on admission revealed no remarkable findings. CT-scan demonstrated almost normal pictures. On the 17th hospital day, his temperature was 38 degrees C and white blood cell (WBC) count was 12000 cumm. And he presented @entity9175 . MRI demonstrated no abnormal findings then. After antibiotic therapy of @entity114 intravenously for 4 days, his temperature returned to normal and @entity9175 disappeared for two weeks. He was discharged 43 days after admission. But one year after discharge he developed progressive @entity227 . He was admitted to our hospital again on January 19, 1991. His neurological examination revealed severe @entity227 . WBC count was 5400 and CRP was negative and temperature was 36.2 degrees C. CT-scan and MRI demonstrated a suprasellar enhancing @entity66 . Serum prolactin was 38 ng/ml. A diagnosis of pituitary @entity652 was considered and a right frontotemporal craniotomy was performed. At operation, abnormally swelled right optic nerve and chiasma were found and the swelled chiasma only was resected. Histological examination showed an abscess containing necrotic tissues and actinomycotic granules with radiating filaments. The @entity1 was given penicillin intravenously for 37 days and orally for two months. At that time, MRI revealed no abnormal enhancing lesion, and his visual acuity improved gradually. @entity5850 of the optic nerve and chiasma is very rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Actinomycotic XXXX of the optic chiasma: a case report].

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['abducens palsy', 'right abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of right visual acuity', 'impairment of right visual acuity and bitemporal hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for major adverse events of VATS (Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery) lobectomy for primary @entity2 . METHODS: 1806 @entity1 (1032 males, 57.1%) planned to undergo VATS lobectomy for stage @entity2 from July 2007 to June 2012. The Thoracic Morbidity and Mortality Classification TM_M system was used to evaluate the presence and severity of complications. @entity260 were observed during a 30-day follow up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to analyze the independent risk factors for major adverse events. RESULTS: Successful rate of VATS lobectomy was 97.6% (1763/1806). Major complications occurred in 129 @entity1 (7.3%), with a mortality of 0.3% (5/1763). @entity358 contribute up to 90.7% of the major complications and 80% of mortality. Logistic regression indicated that comorbidities, elder age >= 70y, operative time >= 240min and hybrid VATS were predictors for major adverse events (P<0.05). Hybrid and converted VATS lobectomy result in higher major adverse events compared with complete VATS, 15.1%, 20.9% and 7.4% respectively (P=0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The overall complication rate and mortality of VATS lobectomy are low, while major complications sometimes occur. @entity358 are the most common major complications and cause of mortality. Age >= 70y, comorbidities, operative time >= 240min and Hybrid VATS are predictors of major adverse events.

title: Risk factors for major adverse events of video-assisted XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'IA-IIIA lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['thoracic surgery lobectomy for lung cancer']


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cells and HIT-T15 cells exhibit oscillations of cytosolic @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) that are dependent on @entity413 metabolism and appear to trigger pulsatile insulin secretion. Significantly, differences in the pattern of this [ @entity141 ]i oscillatory activity may have important implications for our understanding of how @entity413 homeostasis is achieved during the feeding and fasting states. When single beta-cells are exposed to a stepwise increase in @entity413 concentration that mimics the transition from fasting to feeding states, fast irregular oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i are observed. Alternatively, when single beta-cells are equilibrated in a steady state concentration of @entity413 that mimics the fasting state, slow periodic oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i are noted. Here we report a fundamental difference in the mechanism by which @entity413 induces these two types of [ @entity141 ]i oscillatory activity. In agreement with previous studies, we substantiate a role for L-type voltage-dependent @entity141 channels as mediators of the fast oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i observed after a stepwise increase in @entity413 concentration. In marked contrast, we report that voltage-independent @entity460 channels (VICCs) mediate @entity73 of [ @entity141 ]i that occur when beta-cells are equilibrated in steady state concentrations of @entity413 . Slow [ @entity141 ]i oscillations are mediated by VICCs which are pharmacologically and biophysically distinguishable from voltage-dependent @entity141 channels that mediate fast oscillations. Specifically, slow [ @entity141 ]i oscillations are blocked by extracellular @entity11329 , but not by @entity594 , and are independent of changes in membrane potential. Measurement of membrane conductance also indicate an important role for VICCs, as demonstrated by a steady state inward @entity141 current that is blocked by @entity11329 . The steady state @entity141 current appears to generate slow [ @entity141 ]i oscillations by triggering @entity141 -induced @entity141 release from intracellular @entity141 stores, a process that is mimicked by extracellular application of @entity5834 , a sensitizer of the @entity8452 receptor/ @entity141 release channel. Depletion of intracellular @entity141 stores with @entity2426 stimulated @entity3281 influx, suggesting the presence of @entity141 -release-activated @entity141 channels. Taken together, these observations are consistent with a role for VICCs (possibly G-type channels) and/or @entity141 -release-activated @entity141 channels as mediators of slow [ @entity141 ]i oscillations in beta-cells. We propose that @entity73 of [ @entity141 ]i probably serve as important initiators of insulin secretion under conditions in which tight control of @entity413 homeostasis is necessary, as is the case during the fasting normoglycemic state.

title: Voltage-independent @entity460 channels mediate @entity73 of cytosolic XXXX that are @entity413 dependent in pancreatic beta-cells.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow oscillations']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17096 diagnosis is difficult because of clinical polymorphism. Our goal was to study the clinical, epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of @entity17096 in Dakar. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study from 1972 to 2005 of the @entity378 cutaneous cases in our department. All cases which fulfilled clinical, epidemiological, the tuberculin test positive, bacteriogical and histological characteristics of cutaneous involvement were studied. RESULTS: Our study included 151 cases (75 @entity1 , 73 @entity1 ). Clinical features were: scrofuloderma (84,76%), gomma (11,25%), periorificial @entity378 (1,98%), @entity378 (1,98%), verrucosa @entity378 (2,64%) and BCGite (0,66%). Pulmonary (26,5%), osteoarticular (8,6%), neurological (0,66%) were the @entity1 visceral involvements. Tuberculine test was highly positive in 66,22% of cases and @entity645 test was positive in 14,28%. Healing occurred after 1 or 2 month of treatment in all @entity1 . Recidivation occurred in 3 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 died. Cure occurred in 23 @entity1 after 8 to 12 month of treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity17096 is still endemic in Senegal. @entity17096 and gumma are the two main clinical presentations. Diagnosis was based on skin tuberculine test positive and histological @entity738 .

title: [ XXXX in Dakar: 151 cases report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis', 'lupus tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity17096 :: ('MESH:D014382', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous tuberculosis', 'Scrofuloderma', 'Cutaneous tuberculosis']

answer: @entity17096 :: (MESH:D014382,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM: To examine the correlation of @entity4357 3-kinase ( @entity8359 ) CB expression with preoperative radiotherapy response in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity22406 immunoexpression was retrospectively assessed in pretreatment biopsies from 208 @entity1 with clinical @entity5 , who underwent radical surgery after 30-Gy/10-fraction preoperative radiotherapy. The relation between @entity22406 expression and @entity5 regression grade, clinicopathological characteristics, and survival time was statistically analyzed. Western blotting and in vitro clonogenic formation assay were used to detect @entity22406 expression in four @entity14 cell lines (HCT116, HT29, LoVo, and LS174T) treated with 6-Gy ionizing radiation. Pharmacological assays were used to evaluate the therapeutic relevance of @entity36274 (a @entity22406 -specific inhibitor) in the four @entity14 cell lines. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining indicated that @entity22406 was more abundant in @entity420 tissues with poor response to preoperative radiotherapy. High expression of @entity22406 was closely correlated with @entity5 height (P < 0.05), ypT stage (P < 0.05), and high-degree @entity5 regression grade (P < 0.001). High expression of @entity22406 was a potential prognostic factor for local recurrence-free survival (P < 0.05) and @entity3 -free survival (P < 0.05). High expression of @entity22406 was also associated with poor therapeutic response and adverse outcomes in @entity420 @entity1 treated with 30-Gy/10-fraction preoperative radiotherapy. In vitro, @entity22406 expression was upregulated in all four @entity14 cell lines concurrently treated with 6-Gy ionizing radiation, and the @entity22406 -specific inhibitor @entity36274 effectively inhibited the clonogenic formation of these four @entity14 cell lines. CONCLUSION: @entity22406 is critically involved in response to preoperative radiotherapy and may serve as a novel target for therapeutic intervention.

title: XXXX 3-kinase CB association with preoperative radiotherapy response in @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II/III rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity7180 species found in the sputum of @entity1577 @entity1 is of unknown value. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the impact of directed oral antibiotic therapy against @entity7180 spp. isolated from the sputum of 17 @entity1577 @entity1 over a 10-year period. Pulmonary Function Tests were used as the clinical indicator of the disease state and the data were analyzed by general linear mixed model statistics with univariate analysis. RESULTS: Pulmonary Function Test values of all @entity1 studied showed no significant difference before, during, or after the antibiotic treatment period. Treatment groups did not differ from non-treatment groups. This held true for Forced Expiratory Volume over 1 s and Functional Vital Capacity analysis. In addition, individual @entity1 analysis did not reveal any trends or outliers. CONCLUSIONS: Oral antibiotic therapy of @entity1577 @entity1 colonized with @entity7180 does not appear to affect clinical outcome. This suggests that deferring therapy may be an acceptable alternative and justifies conducting a future placebo controlled trial. In addition, this study model may be useful in analyzing the effect of therapy on other rare and difficult organisms, such as fungi and mycobacteria in the @entity1577 population.

title: @entity7180 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) reduces hyperactive-impulsive symptoms common in @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ), however, response and tolerability varies widely. We hypothesized monoaminergic gene variants may moderate @entity7541 effects in @entity2438 , as in typically developing @entity1 with @entity71 . Genotype data were available for 64 @entity1 with @entity2438 and @entity2915 who were exposed to @entity7541 during a 1-week safety/tolerability lead-in phase and 58 who went on to be randomized to placebo and three doses of @entity7541 during a 4-week blinded, crossover study. Outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC- @entity2915 index). A total of 14 subjects discontinued the study because of @entity7541 side effects. Subjects were genotyped for variants in @entity4130 - @entity54198 , @entity23510 , @entity7712 , @entity16068 , @entity11926 and @entity11927 , and @entity5549 . Forty-nine percent of the sample met positive responder criteria. In this modest but relatively homogeneous sample, significant differences by @entity4130 (P=0.006), @entity23510 (P<0.02), @entity5549 (P<0.04), @entity16457 (P<0.05), @entity4131 (P<0.05), @entity7712 (P<0.05) and @entity16068 (P<0.05) genotypes were found for responders versus non-responders. Variants in @entity1633 (P<0.001) and @entity16457 (P<0.04) were associated with tolerability in the 14 subjects who discontinued the trial. For this first @entity7541 pharmacogenetic study in @entity1 with @entity2438 , multiple monoaminergic gene variants may help explain individual differences in @entity7541 's efficacy and tolerability.

title: Positive effects of @entity2727 on @entity2915 are moderated by monoaminergic gene variants in XXXX with @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1423 are homogeneously distributed in blood samples, and whether platelet concentrations (PC) obtained by use of impedance and buffy coat analysis can be considered minimum values when @entity1423 are present. DESIGN: Prospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 50 blood samples obtained from 30 @entity235 . PROCEDURE: 10 blood samples containing @entity1423 were used and 10 smears were made from each sample; amount of platelet clumping was graded for all 100 smears. Blood from each of 20 healthy @entity235 was divided between 2 @entity1098 tubes before and after platelet clumping was induced by @entity857 ( @entity857 ). The PC for each @entity857 -treated and untreated sample were measured, using impedance and quantitative buffy coat analyzers. RESULTS: Platelet clumps were evident in all 100 blood smears, but the amount of clumping varied considerably within some samples. Using the impedance analyzer, the PC of @entity857 -treated samples were significantly lower and never higher than the PC of untreated samples. Using the buffy coat analyzer, some @entity857 -treated samples had increased PC; however, significant differences were not detected between treated and untreated samples. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Platelet clumping was not homogeneous within blood samples. When @entity1423 were identified by direct examination of blood smears, the PC detected by use of the impedance analyzer could be considered minimum values. In contrast, the PC detected by use of the buffy coat analyzer were sometimes increased. Useful information can be obtained by measuring PC in blood with @entity1423 ; values obtained by use of impedance can be considered minimums, and values obtained by use of buffy coat analysis may be either minimum values or reasonable estimates of PC.

title: Effects of platelet clumping on platelet concentrations measured by use of impedance or buffy coat analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['ADP', 'adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet clumps']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity3440 exposure has been associated with @entity8 and @entity309 ; an autoimmune mechanism has been proposed. Approximately 2 million @entity1 are occupationally exposed to @entity3440 in the United States, 100,000 at more than twice the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit of 0.05 mg/m(3). We examined @entity8 morbidity and mortality, as well as @entity625 mortality, in a cohort of 4,626 @entity3440 -exposed workers in the industrial sand industry (an industry previously unstudied). We compared the cohort with the U.S. population and also conducted internal exposure-response analyses using a job-exposure matrix based on more than 4,000 industrial hygiene samples. We found excess mortality from @entity810 [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 2.61, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) = 1.49--4.24; 16 deaths], @entity740 (SMR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.13--2.22; 36 deaths), and @entity625 (SMR = 4.36, 95% CI = 2.76--6.54; 23 deaths) on the basis of multiple-cause mortality data, which considered any mention of disease on a @entity204 certificate. Linking the cohort with the U.S. registry of @entity454 for the years 1977-1996, we found an excess of @entity454 incidence (standardized incidence ratio = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.25--2.96; 23 cases), which was highest for @entity631 (standardized incidence ratio = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.55--7.93; 7 cases). We found increasing @entity454 incidence with increasing cumulative exposure; standardized rate ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure were 1.00, 3.09, 5.22, and 7.79. A positive exposure-response trend was also observed for @entity309 on the basis of @entity204 certificate data. These data represent the largest number of @entity8 cases analyzed to date in a cohort with well-defined @entity3440 exposure and suggest a causal link between @entity3440 and @entity8 . Excess risk of @entity454 due to a lifetime of occupational exposure at currently recommended limits is estimated to be 14%, above a background @entity454 risk of 2%.

title: XXXX and @entity625 in a cohort study of workers exposed to @entity3440 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silica', 'silica']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic @entity82 involves excess deposition of extracellular connective tissue of which collagen type I fibers form the predominant component. Left untreated it develops into @entity82 , @entity157 . Owing to the fact that cirrhotic @entity409 is impaired, resection of @entity157 associated with @entity82 is questionable. The aim of the present study was to determine the potential of @entity7852 , a collagen type I inhibitor, in improving @entity409 in cirrhotic @entity35 . METHODS: Partial hepatectomy (70%) was performed in @entity7008 -induced cirrhotic @entity35 fed a @entity7852 -containing diet. @entity409 was monitored by mass and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. The Ishak staging system and @entity720 content were used to evaluate the level of @entity82 . RESULTS: @entity7852 administered prior to and following partial hepatectomy did not inhibit normal @entity409 despite the reduced levels of collagen type I mRNA. When given to @entity35 with established @entity82 , it caused a significant reduction in @entity1918 , @entity11018 , collagen type I gene expression and collagen deposition. Such animals demonstrated improved capacity for regeneration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7852 may prove useful in improving survival of @entity1 with @entity157 and @entity82 undergoing surgical resection.

title: @entity7852 , a collagen type I inhibitor improves XXXX in cirrhotic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7852 :: ('MESH:C010176', 'Chemical') :: ['Halofuginone', 'halofuginone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration', 'liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['often linked with hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Attempts to lower the environmental footprint of milk production needs a sound understanding of the genetic and nutritional basis of @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emissions from the dairy production systems. This in turn requires accurate and reliable techniques for the measurement of @entity578 output from individual @entity291 . Many of the available measurement techniques so far are either slow, expensive, labor intensive and are unsuitable for large-scale individual animal measurements. The main objectives of this study were to examine and validate a non-invasive individual @entity291 @entity578 measurement system that is based on photoacoustic IR spectroscopy (PAS) technique implemented in a portable gas analysis equipment ( @entity42367 ), referred to as PAS- @entity42367 method and to estimate the magnitude of between-animal variations in @entity578 output traits. Data were collected from 115 Nordic Red @entity291 of the Minki   experimental dairy farm, at the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke). Records on continuous daily measurements of @entity578 , milk yield, feed intake and BW measurements over 2 years period were compiled for data analysis. The daily @entity578 output was calculated using @entity544 as a tracer method. Estimates from the non-invasive PAS- @entity42367 technique were then tested against open-circuit indirect respiration calorimetric chamber measurements and against estimates from other widely used prediction models. Concordance analysis was used to establish agreement between the chamber and PAS- @entity42367 methods. A linear mixed model was used for the analysis of the large continuous data. The daily @entity578 output of @entity291 was 555 l/day and ranged from 330 to 800 l/day. Dry matter intake, level of milk production, lactation stage and diurnal variation had significant effects on daily @entity578 output. Estimates of the daily @entity578 output from PAS- @entity42367 technique compared relatively well with the other techniques. The concordance correlation coefficient between combined weekly @entity578 output estimates of PAS- @entity42367 and chamber was 0.84 with lower and upper confidence limits of 0.65 and 0.93, respectively. Similarly, when chamber @entity578 measurements were predicted from PAS- @entity42367 measurements, the mean of two separate weekly PAS- @entity42367 measurements gave the lowest prediction error variance than either of the separate weekly PAS- @entity42367 measurements alone. This suggests that every other week PAS- @entity42367 measurements when combined would improve the estimation of @entity578 output with PAS- @entity42367 technique. The repeatability of daily @entity578 output from PAS- @entity42367 technique ranged from 0.40 to 0.46 indicating that some between-animal variation exist in @entity578 output traits.

title: Non-invasive individual @entity577 measurement in dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: Seventy-eight @entity1 have been treated on a Phase I trial using continuous infusion @entity11256 while undergoing brachytherapy for locally advanced @entity5 . There were two sequential schemata, the first treated 63 @entity1 with doses ranging from 8-23 g/m2 over 48 hr and the second treated 15 @entity1 with doses ranging from 20-23 g/m2 over 96 hr. The @entity5 sites were: brain (n = 42), cervix (n = 22), and breast (n = 14). @entity1 received a loading dose of @entity11256 of 2 g/m2 followed by a continuous infusion for a total of 48 or 96 hr while radioactive implants were in place. Of the 63 @entity1 in the 48-hr study, 52 were entered at doses of less than or equal to 21 g/m2 and there were no definite @entity16 but two @entity1 with the @entity4841 . Of the 11 @entity1 entered at 22-23 g/m2, 1 @entity1 had symptoms of @entity1897 (Grade II) and 6 had the @entity4841 . This is a new syndrome, distinct from the @entity1897 , characterized by transient alterations in sensations consisting of cramping, @entity4841 , or tingling that resolved completely at intervals varying from a few hours to about 1 week post-treatment. The @entity4841 limited dose escalation; therefore, the maximum tolerated dose over 48 hr was determined to be 20-21 g/m2. The 96-hr infusion was limited to @entity1 with recurrent @entity11 undergoing stereotactic implantation. To date, 15 @entity1 have been treated with doses of 20-23 g/m2. No @entity137 was encountered at doses less than or equal to 22 g/m2. At 23 g/m2, one @entity1 developed @entity16 and three @entity1 had mild @entity4841 , for whom the drug was discontinued. Therefore, it appears the maximum tolerated dose at 96 hr will be approximately 23 g/m2, which is 10-15% higher than for the 48-hr infusion.

title: Final report of the phase I trial of continuous infusion XXXX ( @entity11256 ): a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11256 :: ('MESH:D017341', 'Chemical') :: ['etanidazole']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III neuropathy', 'neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias', 'cramping/arthralgia syndrome']

answer: @entity11256 :: (MESH:D017341,Chemical) :: ['etanidazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous work has suggested that @entity128 is a major factor in the aetiology of chronic @entity158 . The aim of this study was to establish if there was identifiable @entity128 during thoracotomy. METHODS: Intercostal nerves were stimulated and motor evoked potentials were recorded from intercostal muscles in 13 @entity1 undergoing thoracotomy. Measurements were taken before and after entering the pleural space, after removal of the rib retractor and after intercostal space closure. RESULTS: Intercostal nerves functioned normally before and after entering the pleural space. After the rib retractor was removed, there was a total conduction block in the nerve immediately above the incision in every @entity1 . In the nerves above this, six had a @entity616 , one a partial block and three had normal conduction. There was a total conduction block in the nerve immediately below the incision in all but one @entity1 . Of the nerves below this, four had a @entity616 , two a partial block and three had normal conduction. In the cases of total conduction block, there was either a discrete block at the level of the distal end of the rib retractor or impairment throughout the whole nerve. Intercostal space closure did not injure any previously uninjured nerve. In a solitary @entity1 where rib retraction was not employed, there was no @entity73 throughout the operation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity128 occurs routinely due to rib retraction during thoracotomy. We believe that it may be an important step toward understanding the cause of post-thoracotomy @entity9 .

title: Preliminary findings in the neurophysiological assessment of XXXX during thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the intercostal nerves']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['intercostal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['post-thoracotomy pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['total block']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['intercostal nerve injury']


abstract: The placental transcription factor @entity2430 ( @entity2430 ) and its target gene syncytin-1 are involved in @entity268 -stimulated trophoblastic fusion for syncytiotrophoblast formation. @entity2430 DNA-binding activity is inhibited by sumoylation, whereas @entity2430 stability is decreased by deacetylation. @entity268 enhances @entity2430 desumoylation through the @entity21919 / @entity9704 / @entity61116 signaling cascade and @entity61116 is known to down-regulate class IIa HDAC activity. In this paper, we study whether the @entity21919 / @entity9704 / @entity61116 signaling cascade regulates @entity2430 activity and placental cell fusion through class IIa HDACs. Interaction and co-localization of @entity2430 and @entity19403 were characterized by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Regulation of @entity2430 transcription activity and syncytin-1 expression by @entity19403 was studied by transient expression. Phospho-specific antibodies against @entity19403 , RNA interference and IFM were used to examine the de-repression of @entity2430 activity, syncytin-1 expression and cell-cell fusion by @entity21919 / @entity9704 / @entity61116 signaling cascade in placental BeWo cells expressing constitutively active @entity21919 and @entity61116 . We demonstrate that both @entity2430 and @entity19403 are expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of full-term placenta and the nuclei of BeWo cells. The interaction between @entity19403 and @entity2430 facilitates @entity2430 deacetylation and suppresses its transcriptional activity. In contrast, @entity21919 stimulates @entity19403 phosphorylation on Ser259 and Ser498 in a @entity9704 - and @entity61116 -dependent manner leading to nuclear export of @entity19403 and thereby de-repression of @entity2430 transcriptional activity. Importantly, @entity19403 suppresses syncytin-1 expression and cell-cell fusion in BeWo cells, which is counteracted by @entity21919 and @entity61116 . Our results reveal a new layer of regulation of @entity2430 activity and placental cell fusion through the @entity21919 / @entity9704 / @entity61116 signaling cascade by restraining @entity19403 from interacting with and mediating @entity2430 deacetylation.

title: Involvement of @entity21919 / XXXX / @entity61116 / @entity19403 signaling cascade in the regulation of placental cell fusion.

entities_list: @entity2430 :: ('8521', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell missing 1', 'GCM1']

answer: @entity9704 :: (5906,Gene) :: ['Rap1']