abstract: The effect of thrombolytic therapy on the frequency, time course and sequelae of @entity2294 after @entity583 are unknown. A prospective, serial, 2-dimensional echocardiographic study of @entity1 with @entity583 who received recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was undertaken to address this issue. The study population comprised 52 of the 112 @entity1 enrolled in the first Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in @entity583 trial at Duke University Medical Center. Enrollment in the serial echocardiography protocol was determined by equipment and support staff availability. Complete echocardiographic studies were performed within 90 minutes after initiation of thrombolytic therapy (day 0), and on days 1, 3 and 6. @entity1 undergoing serial echocardiography did not differ in demographic or clinical characteristics from those who did not. @entity2294 was present in 3 of 38 @entity1 (8%) at day 0, in 2 of 44 (5%) at day 1, in 8 of 43 (19%) at day 3, and in 10 of 42 (24%) at day 6. By day 6, 3 of 10 pericardial effusions were moderate in size, 1 of 10 was large and the remainder were small. No @entity1 developed echocardiographic or hemodynamic signs of @entity2293 . The prevalence and time course of @entity2294 among @entity1 with @entity583 who received rt-PA in this study are similar to observations reported in earlier studies in which @entity1 did not receive thrombolytic therapy. Adverse sequelae of @entity2294 after thrombolytic therapy are rare.

title: XXXX after intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion', 'Pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

answer: @entity2294 :: (MESH:D010490,Disease) :: ['Pericardial effusion']


abstract: This prospective study assessed visual results and subjective rehabilitation after @entity231 surgery in eyes with a preoperative acuity of 0.4 (20/40) or better. Fifty eyes (50 @entity1 ) were entered in the study. Corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, @entity231 , @entity717 , and contrast sensitivity were measured before surgery and four months after surgery. @entity1 satisfaction was also measured. Best corrected visual acuity was 0.54 +/- 0.12 before surgery and 0.95 +/- 0.15 four months after surgery. Uncorrected visual acuity was 0.24 +/- 0.18 before and 0.58 +/- 0.27 after surgery. Impairment of corrected visual acuity from glare decreased from 0.12 +/- 0.09 before surgery to 0.04 +/- 0.08 four months after surgery. Contrast sensitivity at 6 cycles/degree increased from 2.71 +/- 0.94 units to 4.73 +/- 1.09 units. After surgery, 62% of @entity1 judged their vision to be greatly improved, 32% judged it improved, 6% judged it unchanged. The @entity1 's satisfaction was partially related to the improvement in uncorrected visual acuity. We conclude that @entity231 surgery can benefit eyes with limited @entity227 if the surgery is uncomplicated and IOL power is calculated correctly.

title: XXXX surgery in eyes with early @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glare disability']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['lens opacity', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: The computed tomography (CT) scans of 78 @entity1 with stage II, stage III and relapsed @entity43 were reviewed in order to identify the incidence of enlarged paracardiac lymph nodes in this disease, recognize their association, if any, with peritoneal @entity3 and establish whether they had any bearing on progression free interval and survival. Twenty-two @entity1 (28%) were found to have enlarged paracardiac nodes, nine at initial presentation and a further 13 during the course of follow-up. The association between @entity1283 and peritoneal @entity3 was found to be highly significant. Thirty per cent of 27 @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3 at presentation were found to have enlarged paracardiac nodes whereas of the 51 @entity1 without peritoneal dissemination only 2% had enlarged paracardiac nodes (P < 0.001). In order to determine whether paracardiac nodal status had any independent prognostic value, multivariate analysis using Cox's regression was performed. When status at presentation was considered, the presence of enlarged paracardiac lymph nodes was found to be an independent predictor for survival. (Hazard ratio 3.70, 95% confidence interval (1.18-11.6), P < 0.04.) The hazard ratio for paracardiac nodal status with respect to progression free survival was not significant but in the expected direction. (Hazard ratio 1.85 (0.65-5.25).) When time-dependent covariate analysis was applied, paracardiac nodal status and peritoneal @entity3 status were found to be independent predictors for both progression free survival and overall survival. The presence of peritoneal @entity3 indicated a poorer prognosis than the presence of paracardiac lymph nodes, the hazards ratios for progression free survival were 12.9 and 2.58, respectively, and those for survival were 20.7 and 3.62, respectively. We have demonstrated that the presence of @entity1600 is a significant adverse prognostic factor for both progression free interval and survival. The diagnosis of involved paracardiac lymph nodes is important as it can define @entity1 having stage IV as opposed to @entity5 .

title: The significance of @entity1600 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage I ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['paracardiac node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['paracardiac lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The bolus-tracking (BT) technique is the most popular perfusion-weighted (PW) dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI method used for estimating cerebral blood flow ( @entity13279 ), cerebral blood volume and mean transit time. The BT technique uses a convolution model that establishes the input-output relationship between blood flow and the vascular tracer concentration. Singular value decomposition (SVD)- and Fourier transform (FT)-based deconvolution methods are popular and widely used for estimating PW MRI parameters. However, from the published literature, it appears that SVD is more widely accepted than other methods. In a previous article, an FT-based minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) technique was proposed and simulation experiments were performed to compare it with the well-established circular SVD (oSVD) method. In this study, the FT-based MMSE method has been used to estimate relative @entity13279 ( @entity13279 ) in 13 @entity1 with @entity62 ( @entity62 ) ( @entity10334 ), and results are compared with the widely used oSVD method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity10334 were imaged on a 1.5-T Siemens whole-body scanner. After acquiring the localizer and structural scans consisting of FLAIR (fluid attenuated with inversion recovery), T(1)-weighted and T(2)-weighted images, perfusion study was implemented as part of the MRI protocol. For each @entity1 and method, two values were calculated: (a) @entity13279 for normal white matter (NWM) ROI, obtained by dividing the average @entity13279 value in NWM ROI with average @entity13279 in gray matter (GM) ROI, and (b) @entity13279 for WML ROI, obtained by dividing the average @entity13279 value in WML ROI with average @entity13279 in GM ROI. Results for the two deconvolution methods were computed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A significant (P<.05) decrease in estimated @entity13279 was observed in the WML in all the @entity1 using the MMSE method, while for the oSVD method, the decrease was observed in all but one @entity1 . Initial results suggest that the MMSE method is comparable to the oSVD method for estimating @entity13279 in NMW while it may be better than oSVD for estimating @entity13279 in lesions of low flow. Studies involving a larger @entity1 population may be required to further validate the findings of this work.

title: Application of FT-based MMSE deconvolution method for cerebral blood flow measurement in XXXX with @entity10334 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['leukoaraiosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the present trial was to study the effect of meticulous @entity527 control on (i) the subgingival microbiota, and (ii) the rate of progression of @entity6730 in subjects with @entity2520 . An intra-individual group of sites exposed to non-surgical periodontal therapy served as controls. 12 @entity1 with @entity2520 were subjected to a baseline examination (BL) including assessments of oral hygiene status, @entity9566 ( @entity19537 ), probing depth, clinical attachment level and subgingival microbiota from pooled samples from each quadrant. The assessments were repeated after 12, 24 and 36 months. Following BL, a split mouth study was initiated. The @entity1 received oral hygiene instruction, supragingival scaling and case presentation. 2 quadrants in each @entity1 were identified as "test" and the remaining 2 as "control" quadrants. Subgingival therapy was performed in all @entity548 sites in the control quadrants. Oral hygiene instructions and plaque control exercises were repeated once every 2 weeks during the initial 3 months of the study. Thereafter the plaque control program was repeated once every 3 months for the duration of the 3 years. Sites demonstrating loss of clinical attachment > or =2 mm in the test quadrants were treated subgingivally. The results showed that in both test and control quadrants repeated oral hygiene instructions and @entity12870 resulted in low plaque scores throughout the study. The @entity548 scores and the frequency of periodontal pockets > or =4 mm was, however, significantly higher in the test quadrants than in the control quadrants. At the end of the 3 year study, the control quadrants showed significantly more reduced (> or =2 mm) pockets than the test quadrants, 265 versus 96. The number of sites in the test quadrants showing probing @entity6730 > or =2 mm was more than 4x greater than in the control quadrants (59 versus 13). The microbiological findings indicate a more pronounced reduction only for @entity2523 in the control quadrants. None of the other 4 marker bacteria consistently reflected or predicted the clinical parameters. The present study shows that only @entity527 control fails to prevent further periodontal tissue destruction in subjects with @entity2520 .

title: The effect of XXXX control on the progression of @entity2520 .

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['advanced periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity9566 :: ('MESH:D005882', 'Disease') :: ['gingival condition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'gingival bleeding']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['supragingival plaque removal procedures']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity527 :: (MESH:D058225,Disease) :: ['supragingival plaque']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 27-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the emergency department with @entity221 and a @entity1910 on suspicion of @entity693 . Shortly after arriving she developed @entity1167 . Blood work up showed severe @entity880 @entity520 , @entity417 and @entity882 . A focused assessment with sonography in trauma scan showed free intraperitoneal fluid and an emergency laparotomy revealed @entity548 from a ruptured spleen. The @entity1 was successfully resuscitated. She proved to be infected with @entity2803 causing @entity3039 , @entity381 and @entity9440 . She was treated for 14   days with @entity4540 and @entity2889 and discharged on recovery. Atraumatic @entity9440 caused by @entity1800 is a rare condition although well described. In the case of our @entity1 , @entity882 added to the severity of the @entity9440 . A multidisciplinary team approach was essential for the management and the eventual recovery of the @entity1 .

title: Successful emergency splenectomy during @entity1167 due to XXXX -induced atraumatic @entity9440 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['petechial rash']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Differences in frequency and clinical impact of lymph node micrometastasis between histological subtypes of @entity5 have not been determined. METHODS: 1204 lymph nodes from 32 @entity957 and 54 @entity420 with complete resection and pN0 status were re-evaluated using a serial sectioning protocol including immunohistochemistry. Intra-nodal @entity5 cells were classified as micrometastases (0.2-2 mm) or @entity5 cells (<0.2 mm). RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the frequency of micrometastases between @entity420 and @entity957 (11.3% vs. 3.1%, p=n.s.). In the @entity957 group, Kaplan-Meier curves showed a significantly prolonged 5-year survival (p=0.02) and disease free interval (p<0.01) for immunohistochemically node negative versus node positive @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity420 , no such difference (p=n.s. and p=n.s., respectively) was seen. In @entity1 who did not undergo pre-treatment, those with @entity420 had a significant 5-year survival (65% vs. 53%; p=0.03) and disease free interval (83% vs. 58%; p<0.05) advantage over those with @entity957 . After pre-treatment, no difference between the histological subtypes was detected. Regression analysis did not reveal any factors that significantly affected overall survival in node negative @entity1 . However, four factors did significantly influence disease free interval: pre-treatment (HR 3.3 [95% CI 1.2-9.1], p=0.02); micrometastasis (HR 5.3 [95% CI 1.4-19.7], p=0.01); UICC stage II vs. 0/I (HR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1-4.4], p=0.03); and @entity420 (HR 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.9], p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The difference in frequency and clinical impact of immunohistochemically detected micrometastasis may indicate that @entity420 and @entity957 should not be treated as one entity.

title: Prognostic influence of immunohistochemically detected lymph node micrometastasis and histological subtype in pN0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'isolated tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oesophageal cancer']


abstract: Prevention of @entity55 becomes an achievable goal only to the extent that the mechanisms of @entity281 are known. It is likely that there is variation among microorganisms, @entity1 , type of care and intensive care, and practices that determines the relative efficacy of preventive measures. Certain procedures appear to be universally required and include adequate reprocessing of ventilation equipment and @entity281 control measures in @entity1 care. In contrast, many factors may affect the role of the stomach as a cause of @entity55 , including enteral feeding procedures and @entity356 . Differences in results between studies of preventive measures may reflect uncontrolled practice factors, which make the measures either more or less important. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract is a measure with potentially serious consequences, primarily cost and microbial resistance, and should be undertaken with care probably in selected high-risk @entity1 . Other recommendations such as the use of @entity5418 , which is effective in prevention of @entity548 without clear side effects, are probably worth instituting based on existing evidence. The primary need may be for better reprocessing of equipment or hand washing and sterile gloves, or it may be several changes at once. Certainly an array of preventive measures is necessary, and there is probably no single procedure likely to solve such a complex problem. Use of the collective findings of many investigators needs to be made and strategies applied to each @entity1 and setting. There has been a marked increase in our knowledge of @entity55 , and effective measures for prevention are available. Application of these measures widely should reduce the frequency of @entity1576 . The microbiologic tools to compare bacterial isolates have been developed, and the course of events preceding @entity281 of the @entity1 can be demonstrated. The role of equipment, environment, other @entity1 , personnel, colonization sites, and other factors can now be examined. Future studies should control for the many known factors that may predispose to @entity55 to make the results meaningful. This would include @entity281 , @entity1 risk factors, identification of microorganisms, details of enteral nutrition, type of stress ulcer prophylaxis, exposure to antimicrobial agents, and institutional resistance patterns. In some studies, surveillance cultures and molecular epidemiology techniques would be required. Large controlled multicenter studies are necessary to determine the significance of the results of promising smaller studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'definition of infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric acidity']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: For @entity1 awaiting liver transplantation, we aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of insufficient @entity1131 as well as to determine whether very low @entity1131 was an independent predictor of @entity3147 and mortality. Materials and Methods: Adults with @entity82 who were activated on our local liver transplant waiting list between January 2000 and October 2009 were included. Estimated @entity1131 was derived from dietary records. @entity1 with incomplete dietary records were excluded. Multivariable logistic regression and competing risk analysis were used. Results: Of 742 potential @entity1 , 112 were excluded due to insufficient data, leaving 630 @entity1 for evaluation. Mean @entity1131 was 1.0    0.36 g/kg/d and only 24% of @entity1 met the expert consensus recommended threshold of > 1.2 g/kg of protein per day. Very low @entity1131 (< 0.8 g/kg/d) was associated with worse @entity409 severity (as measured by @entity1 -Pugh or MELD). Protein intake below 0.8 g/kg/d was an independent predictor both of @entity3147 as measured by the subjective global assessment (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.0 [1.3-3.0]) and of transplant waiting list mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 1.8 [1.2-2.7]). Conclusion: In this large cohort of liver transplant waitlisted @entity1 , very low @entity1131 was prevalent and independently associated with @entity3147 and mortality. Unlike many other prognostic factors, @entity1131 is potentially modifiable. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the effect of targeted protein repletion on clinically relevant outcomes such as muscle mass, muscle function, immune function, and mortality.

title: Insufficient Protein Intake Is Associated With Increased Mortality in 630 XXXX With @entity82 Awaiting @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein intake']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present the rationale, development, and pilot study of a medication adherence skills training (MAST-BD) intervention for older adults with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). We developed a 12-week manualized group intervention that combined educational, motivational, medication management skills and symptom management training adapted for older adults. METHODS: Among 21 older outpatients with @entity162 (mean age = 60 years; SD = 6), the feasibility and acceptability of MAST-BD were assessed in a quasi-experimental clinical trial. We also obtained preliminary effect sizes associated with pre-post change on measures of self-reported adherence to psychiatric medications, performance-based medication management ability, attitudes toward medication, @entity308 and @entity162 , and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: At baseline, 55% of @entity1 reported recent non-adherence to psychiatric medications and were, on average, suffering from moderately severe @entity308 and minimal symptoms of @entity162 . A total of 76% of @entity1 completed the intervention, and 86% of sessions were attended by completers. @entity1 reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention and manual. Pre-post improvement by small to medium effect sizes (Cohen's d = 0.30-0.57) was seen in medication adherence, medication management ability, @entity308 , and selected indices of health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Notwithstanding the limitations of this small preliminary study, the results are encouraging in that the MAST-BD intervention was feasible, acceptable to @entity1 , and associated with improvement in key outcomes. Suggestions for further development of medication adherence interventions for this neglected group of @entity1 are discussed.

title: Medication adherence skills training for middle-aged and elderly adults with XXXX : development and pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'bipolar disorder', 'manic symptoms', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: Clinical trials of natural interferon-alpha (HLBI) in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome ( @entity12297 ) positive @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) were carried out in a cooperative study of 22 institutions in Japan. @entity1 with @entity1860 in chronic and accelerated phase were given intramuscular or subcutaneous injections of HLBI at the dose of 6 X 10(6) U/body on consecutive days. Of the 47 @entity1 in this study, forty-one were evaluable for clinical effects, and 42 could be assessed for adverse effects. Among 30 evaluable @entity1 in the chronic phase, 9 (30.0%) achieved complete remission (CR) and 20 (66.7%) partial remission (PR). Only one @entity1 had no response (NR), and the response rate (CR + PR) in chronic phase was 96.7% (29/30). Among 11 @entity1 in the accelerated phase, 3 (27.3%) achieved CR and 4 (36.4%) PR. The response rate in the accelerated phase was 63.6% (7/11). In all 41 evaluable @entity1 , the response rate was 87.8% (36/41). In 5 of 13 responding @entity1 treated for more than 6 months, cytogenetic investigation showed the decline of @entity12297 positive bone marrow cells from 100% to 92-0% (mean 46%). Adverse effects such as fever (52.4%), general fatigue (35.7%), and @entity409 (21.4%), were observed, but they were usually mild and reversible. No @entity1 was taken off this study because of these @entity137 . The results confirm the clinical efficacy of HLBI in @entity1 with @entity1860 in the chronic and accelerated phase.

title: [Clinical studies of natural interferon alpha (HLBI) in XXXX --a multi-institutional cooperative study in Japan].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: As the prevalence of @entity28 and insulin-resistance continue to increase in the general population, @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) has @entity3082 proportions, thus becoming one of the leading causes of chronic @entity409 worldwide. It may present as simple steatosis (NAFL) or @entity1560 (NASH), which in turn may develop @entity82 and ultimately @entity82 . Conventional biochemical liver test and radiological investigations are not able to provide reliable information on liver functional reserve, and liver biopsy remains the gold standard to stage @entity1561 , differentiate simple steatosis from NASH, and grade @entity82 . However, liver biopsy has some limitations, and is not preferred by @entity1 due to its invasiveness. Thus, non-invasive assessment of disease stage by using liver breath tests - which are based on hepatic clearance of non-radioactive stable     C-labelled drugs - may be of interest to stage disease and assess @entity1 prognosis due to good accuracy and repeatability. These substrates are orally administered and are cleaved by enzymes specifically located in the liver thus reflecting either the microsomal, cytosolic, or mitochondrial functions.     C-Breath Tests have been initially oriented to differentiate broad categories of @entity1 and more recently to refine stage differentiation in @entity1 with early stages of @entity409 . In @entity1561 @entity1 ,     C-BTs were able to distinguish simple steatosis from NASH and had good correlation with both histological @entity82 stage and biochemical markers of fibrogenesis. Although promising results have been achieved in this field, their use in clinical practice is still restricted to a specialized niche. However, concordant data from literature conferred to     C-Breath Tests a potential role in providing punctual and longitudinal evaluation of @entity1 , identifying those @entity1 where liver biopsy may selectively be performed to stage disease, monitoring and predicting therapeutic response.

title: Use of Liver Breath Tests to Assess Severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['reached epidemic']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease']


abstract: @entity8597 ( @entity8597 ) are rare papillary tumors of the temporal bone. Previously named as aggressive @entity2172 , they have recently been shown to arise from the endolymphatic sac. They are a rare in cerebello-pontine angle (CPA). We present a case of an @entity8597 who presented as a CPA @entity5 with @entity1276 . He underwent a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt initially. On exploration of the CP angle, the @entity5 was found to be extremely vascular. He was re-explored following embolization, and a subtotal excision of the @entity5 was done. Extensive petrous bone infiltration and vascularity of the @entity5 makes total excision almost impossible with high risk of @entity129 , excessive @entity190 and @entity2841 leak. This @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity3308 which erode the petrous temporal bone. The relevant literature is reviewed.

title: XXXX : a rare cerebellopontine angle tumor.

entities_list: @entity8597 :: ('MESH:D036821', 'Disease') :: ['Endolymphatic sac tumors', 'ELST']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['papillary middle ear tumors']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['vascular CPA tumors']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity8597 :: (MESH:D036821,Disease) :: ['Endolymphatic sac tumor']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity984 mutations play an important role in @entity788 . @entity2163 mutations were discovered in @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ). OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to identify the frequency of @entity984 and @entity2163 mutations in @entity788 and @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ). METHODS: Sixty-eight surgically resected @entity406 fixed, paraffin embedded pancreatic specimens were analyzed, including: 1) benign (20 @entity12679 ( @entity12679 )), 2) pre-malignant (10 @entity14775 ( @entity14775 ), 10 branch duct @entity4929 (BD- @entity4929 ), 9 @entity4929 ( @entity1126 )), 3) malignant (19 @entity1124 ). Total nucleic acid extraction was performed. @entity984 codon 12/13 and @entity2163 codon 201 mutations were interrogated via targeted sequencing using the Ion Torrent's Personal Genome Machine (PGM). RESULTS: Mean age of 68 @entity1 was 61.9  8.4 with 72% female. @entity984 and @entity2163 mutations were more common in @entity1124 and @entity4929 . @entity984 mutations predominated in @entity1124 compared to @entity45 (16/19, 84% versus 10/49, 20%; P<0.001). @entity2163 mutations were more common in @entity4929 compared to non- @entity4929 lesions (8/19, 42% versus 2/49, 4%; P=0.0003). No @entity2163 mutations were detected in @entity1124 and @entity14775 while 2 @entity12679 carried @entity2163 mutations. Double mutations with @entity984 and @entity2163 were only present in @entity4929 (5/19 versus 0/30 @entity12679 and @entity14775 , P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity984 and @entity2163 mutations were more common in @entity1124 and @entity4929 with @entity984 mutations primarily in @entity1124 and @entity2163 mutations more frequent in @entity4929 . No @entity2163 mutations occurred in @entity14775 and double mutations were only present in @entity4929 .

title: Differential Expression of @entity2163 and XXXX Mutations in @entity45 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cystic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['main duct IPMN', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity14775 :: ('MESH:D018297', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystic neoplasm', 'MCN']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma', 'SCA']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The evaluation of transmission reducing interventions (TRI) to control @entity311 widely uses membrane feeding assays. In such assays, the intensity of @entity3964 @entity281 in the vector might affect the measured efficacy of the candidates to block transmission. Gametocyte density in the host blood is a determinant of the @entity281 success in the mosquito, however, uncertain estimates of parasite densities and intrinsic characteristics of the infected blood can induce variability. To reduce this variation, a feasible method is to dilute infectious blood samples. We describe the effect of diluting samples of @entity3964 -containing blood samples to allow accurate relative measures of gametocyte densities and their impact on mosquito infectivity and TRI efficacy. Natural @entity3964 samples were diluted to generate a wide range of parasite densities, and fed to Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes. This was compared with parallel dilutions conducted on @entity2637 infections. We examined how blood dilution influences the observed blocking activity of anti-Pbs28 monoclonal antibody using the @entity2637 /Anopheles stephensi system. In the natural species combination @entity3964 /An.  coluzzii, blood dilution using heat-inactivated, infected blood as diluents, revealed positive near linear relationships, between gametocyte densities and oocyst loads in the range tested. A similar relationship was observed in the @entity2637 /An.  stephensi system when using a similar dilution method. In contrast, diluting infected @entity19 blood with fresh uninfected blood dramatically increases the infectiousness. This suggests that highly infected @entity19 blood contains inhibitory factors or reduced blood moieties, which impede @entity281 and may in turn, lead to misinterpretation when comparing individual TRI evaluation assays. In the lab system, the transmission blocking activity of an antibody specific for Pbs28 was confirmed to be density-dependent. This highlights the need to carefully interpret evaluations of TRI candidates, regarding gametocyte densities in the @entity2637 /An.  stephensi system.

title: Experimental study of the relationship between XXXX gametocyte density and @entity281 success in mosquitoes; implications for the evaluation of @entity311 transmission-reducing interventions.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P.  falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['P.  berghei', 'Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the new @entity726 drainage device (SGDD) in @entity1 with @entity2297 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, @entity1 with @entity2297 or @entity726 (defined as eyes with previous trabeculectomy failure) were enrolled. All eyes had to have intraocular pressure (IOP) above 21 mm Hg despite maximum tolerated topical medication, or recent documentation of anatomic and/or functional progression. @entity1 underwent @entity726 surgery with the new SGDD in a standardized manner. Postoperative visits were performed at days 1 and 7; months 1, 3, and 6; and every 6 months thereafter. Preoperative and postoperative IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, surgical complications, and any subsequent related events were recorded. Success criteria were: (I) IOP>= 6 and <= 21 mm Hg; (II) IOP>= 6 and <= 18 mm Hg. Each criterion was classified as complete (without medication) or qualified (with medication). RESULTS: A total of 58 @entity1 with a mean age of 64.3  11.5 years were included [19 with @entity2297 (group 1) and 39 with failure of first trabeculectomy (group 2)]. Overall, mean follow-up was 7.1  3.8 months, and mean IOP was reduced from 31.5  1.6 (range, 18 to 68) mm Hg to 12.6  0.7 (range, 2 to 28) mm Hg at the last follow-up visit (P<0.01). The mean number of antiglaucoma medications used was reduced from 3.4  0.9 to 1.4  1.5 (P<0.01). At 6 months postoperatively, qualified success rates for groups 1 and 2 were 73% and 86%, respectively (considering the stricter criterion). Main complications were 2 cases of @entity3169 and 2 cases of late @entity8814 . CONCLUSIONS: Our initial findings suggest that the new SGDD is an effective alternative for managing @entity2297 , with @entity260 in the short-term.

title: Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the New Susanna Glaucoma Drainage XXXX : Short-term Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['refractory glaucomas', 'Susanna glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['minor postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival erosion']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular and refractory glaucomas', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Device in Refractory Glaucomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there was a relationship between severity of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) exacerbation and pulmonary function test ( @entity15795 ) and to determine the effect of @entity2544 , which was added to intravenous @entity1667 , on serum @entity310 ( @entity310 levels and clinical scores in @entity15 relapses. STUDY DESIGN: Double blind randomized controlled trial. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was determined, @entity15795 was performed and blood was taken for analysis of @entity310 in @entity1 with @entity15 exacerbation. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups; group 1 received intravenous @entity1667 +IV @entity2544 and group 2 intravenous @entity1667 +placebo for 5 days. @entity15795 and EDSS score were repeated and blood was taken for @entity310 on the 5(th) and 30(th) days of the treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 (14 female, 10 male) were included in the study. Mean age was 32.6  9, duration of disease was 5.4  4.2 years, number of exacerbations was 5  2. There was a significant correlation between the number of exacerbations and EDSS score (p=0.000, r=1). Restrictive @entity15795 findings were detected in 8 and decrease in @entity1223 diffusing capacity (DLCO) in 3 cases. In within-group analysis, EDSS score was found to be decreased on day 5 and still low on day 30 in the @entity2544 group (baseline 3  1.3; 5(th) day 2.4  1.6; 30(th) day 2  1.7). There was no statistically significant difference in the EDSS score of the placebo group (3  1.6; 2.8  1.7; 2.4  1.9 respectively). While serum @entity310 level was not changed in the placebo group, there was a non-significant decrease on day 5 and increase on day 30 in the @entity2544 group. There was no correlation between the clinical parameters, @entity15795 and @entity310 level. CONCLUSION: There was no correlation between severity of @entity15 and @entity15795 findings. It is suggested that @entity2544 might be effective in @entity15 exacerbations since it caused decreases in clinical scores; studies with longer treatment duration are needed to clarify its possible anti-inflammatory effect.

title: The effect of pulse @entity1667 plus @entity2544 treatment on clinical, pulmonary and inflammatory markers in relapses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['TNF)-alpha', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'TNF-alpha', 'TNF- alpha']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The present study aimed at comparing the pattern of synaptic innervation of neurons in the external (GPe) and internal ( @entity14243 ) pallidum by @entity1246 ( @entity1246 )- and @entity2227 -immunoreactive terminals in the squirrel monkey. Four major populations of terminals were encountered in GPe and @entity14243 . Our findings combined with those obtained in previous tract-tracing studies reveal that the synaptic innervation of perikarya in GPe is strikingly different from that in @entity14243 . Although the @entity1246 -positive type I boutons (from the striatum) represent 85% of the terminals in contact with somata in GPe, only 32% of the axosomatic synapses involve this type of terminal in @entity14243 . However, the type II terminals (from GPe), which display a moderate level of @entity1246 and @entity2227 immunoreactivities, account for 48% of the boutons in contact with perikarya in @entity14243 but only 10% in GPe. In both @entity1347 , less than 10% of the axosomatic synapses involve the @entity2227 -immunoreactive type III terminals (from the subthalamic nucleus). Finally, the type IIa boutons (unknown source), which show levels of immunoreactivities similar to the type II terminals, account for 12% of the boutons in contact with perikarya in @entity14243 but only 4% in GPe. In contrast to perikarya, the innervation of dendritic shafts is similar in both GPe and @entity14243 ; more than 80% of the axodendritic synapses involve the type I terminals, 10-15% involve the type III terminals, less than 5% are formed by the type II boutons, and less than 1% involve the type IIa terminals. Three other categories of boutons (types IV, V, VI) account for less than 1% of the total population of terminals in GPe and @entity14243 . In conclusion, our findings demonstrate a differential synaptic innervation of neuronal perikarya in GPe and @entity14243 in primates. These data suggest that the two @entity1347 are separate functional entities of which the neuronal activity is largely controlled by extrinsic inputs that are differentially distributed at the level of single cells.

title: Differential synaptic innervation of neurons in the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus by the @entity1246 - and XXXX -containing terminals in the squirrel monkey.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['pallidal segments']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2682 has been used successfully as a non-opioid analgesic adjuvant for @entity282 management. We hypothesized that @entity2682 might be a useful adjuvant for postoperative @entity1337 provided with @entity1 -controlled epidural @entity1337 (PCEA). METHODS: Forty @entity1 undergoing lower extremity surgery procedures were randomly assigned to receive (i) placebo capsules (control) or (ii) @entity2682 (1.2 g day(-1)) before and for 2 days after surgery. Anaesthetic technique was standardized. Postoperative assessments included verbal rating scale scoring for @entity158 and sedation, PCEA usage, quality of recovery assessment, times of GI function recovery, and @entity1 satisfaction scoring for @entity158 management. RESULTS: @entity158 scores at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h (P<0.001), PCEA bolus requirements (n) at 24 [21 (3), 14 (2)], 48 [15 (4), 10 (3)] and 72 [8 (5), 2 (3)] (P<0.05) and @entity1443 (mg) consumption [700 (523), 350 (400)]; P<0.05), were significantly lower in the @entity2682 -treated @entity1 than in the control group. @entity1 satisfaction with @entity282 management at 24 h was better in @entity2682 -treated @entity1 [85.5 (7.5), 66.5 (15)]; P<0.001). @entity2682 -treated @entity1 had less motor block when compared with control group. Times of return of bowel function, hospitalization, and resumption of dietary intake were similar in the groups. However, the incidence of @entity1296 was higher in the @entity2682 group (35% vs 5%; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity2682 (1.2 g day(-1)) as an adjunct to epidural @entity1337 @entity158 and analgesic consumption. Despite an increased incidence of @entity1296 it also increased @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Effect of oral @entity2682 on postoperative epidural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Sphincter of Oddi manometry is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). Elevated basal sphincter pressures are found in about half of the @entity1 with findings consistent with biliary type II @entity1690 , and most of these @entity1 will symptomatically improve after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Since manometric sphincter evaluation is not widely available, a decision analysis was used to compare the overall costs and outcomes of manometry-directed therapy with "empirical" sphincterotomy in @entity1 with suspected biliary type II @entity1690 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A decision analysis model was constructed using a software program. In a hypothetical cohort of 100 @entity1 with suspected type II @entity1690 , the following strategies were evaluated: a). endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with manometry followed by biliary sphincterotomy only if an elevated sphincter of Oddi basal pressure was found; and b). "empirical" biliary sphincterotomy without manometry. Data on the probability of an elevated sphincter of Oddi basal pressure at the time of ERCP in @entity1 with suspected biliary @entity1690 type II, the proportion of @entity1 who improved after biliary sphincterotomy (with and without elevated basal pressures), the proportion of @entity1 who improved without biliary sphincterotomy, complications, and death were obtained from the literature and from our center. The procedural and hospitalization costs represented the average Medicare reimbursement at our institution. The expected overall costs and numbers of @entity1 improving with each strategy were compared.[nl] RESULTS: The strategy of ERCP with manometry resulted in total costs of US dollars 2790 per @entity1 , whereas a strategy of "empirical" biliary sphincterotomy resulted in total costs of US dollars 2244. In a cohort of 100 @entity1 with suspected @entity1690 , 55 % of @entity1 would be expected to improve if manometry were performed, compared to 60 % of @entity1 improving with "empirical" biliary sphincterotomy. Univariate sensitivity analyses demonstrated that "empirical" biliary sphincterotomy continued to be a cost-saving strategy in comparison with ERCP with manometry as long as the probability of spontaneous improvement in @entity1 with "normal" manometry was less than 41 %, the probability of complications associated with manometry was greater than 6 %, and the probability of complications due to biliary sphincterotomy was less than 19 %. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with suspected biliary @entity1690 type II, empirical biliary sphincterotomy performed by experienced endoscopists appears to be cost-saving in comparison with a strategy based on the results of manometry.

title: Suspected XXXX type II: empirical biliary sphincterotomy or manometry-guided therapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']


abstract: A newly developed, @entity5224 based hydrofibre dressing, Aquacel, was tested for the treatment of @entity121 . In this study 84 @entity1 with mainly @entity121 were included, 76 @entity1 received 1 or 2 days pre-treatment with a topical antimicrobial agent. Clinical behaviour showed a strong resemblance with cadaver skin treatment with respect to adherence to the wound. Adverse reactions, incidence of clinical wound infection, healing time and the need for wound excision and grafting were analysed, as was the final outcome using the 'Vancouver Scar Scale'. The mean size of the wounds treated with the hydrofibre dressing was 6.0% body surface area (min: 1%, max: 18%). Two @entity1 clinically showed signs of a wound infection during treatment, but in general wound cultures were low or negative. In 42 @entity1 (50%) the wounds healed completely within 10 days, in six @entity1 (7%) small defects remained that healed by further treatment with a topical antimicrobial cream. In 36 @entity1 (43%) excision and grafting of the remaining deeper parts of the wounds was performed as this is the standard therapy in the centre for all burned areas that have not healed within 2-3 weeks post-injury. The extent of the surgical procedures was limited since 66.1% of the wound area had healed already at the end of the hydrofibre treatment. In 54 @entity1 the outcome of the treatment after 2-3 months was analysed by means of the Vancouver Scar Scale, which showed favourable results in general, and especially for @entity1 who did not require surgery. Compared to earlier experience with allograft skin it was concluded that hydrofibre dressing is a safe, suitable and easy to use material for treatment of @entity121 .

title: A newly developed hydrofibre dressing, in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['partial thickness burns']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethylcellulose']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['partial-thickness burns']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity954 ( @entity954 ) planning tools have become widely available in craniomaxillofacial surgery, but are time consuming and often require professional technical assistance to simulate a case. An initial oral and maxillofacial (OM) surgical user experience was evaluated with a newly developed @entity954 system featuring a bimanual sense of touch (haptic). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three volunteer OM surgeons received a 5-minute verbal introduction to the use of a newly developed haptic-enabled planning system. The surgeons were instructed to simulate mandibular @entity174 reductions of 3 clinical cases, within a 15-minute time limit and without a time limit, and complete a questionnaire to assess their subjective experience with the system. Standard landmarks and linear and angular measurements between the simulated results and the actual surgical outcome were compared. RESULTS: After the 5-minute instruction, @entity5953 surgeons were able to use the system independently. The analysis of standardized anatomic measurements showed that the simulation results within a 15-minute time limit were not significantly different from those without a time limit. Mean differences between measurements of surgical and simulated @entity174 reductions were within current resolution limitations in collision detection, segmentation of computed tomographic scans, and haptic devices. @entity5953 surgeons reported that the system was easy to learn and use and that they would be comfortable integrating it into their daily clinical practice for @entity130 cases. CONCLUSION: A @entity954 system with a haptic interface that capitalizes on touch and force feedback experience similar to operative procedures is fast and easy for OM surgeons to learn and use.

title: Computer-aided XXXX simulation system with haptic feedback is easy and fast for oral-maxillofacial surgeons to learn and use.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Computer-assisted surgical', 'CAS']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Dietary @entity5204 ( @entity5204 ) manipulation is being investigated as a potential therapeutic supplement to reduce the risk of developing @entity73 ( @entity73 ). Animal studies suggest that high omega (  )-3 and low   -6 dietary content reduces @entity73 by decreasing central nervous system (CNS) @entity32 and modifying neuroimmune activity. However, no previous studies have investigated the long term effects of   -3 and   -6 dietary levels in healthy aging @entity19 leaving the important question about the preventive effects of   -3 and   -6 on behavior and underlying molecular pathways unaddressed. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of long-term   -3 and   -6 @entity5204 dietary supplementation in mature adult C57BL/6 @entity19 . We measured the effect of low, medium, and high   -3:  -6 dietary ratio, given from the age of 3-7 months, on @entity148 and cognition-like behavior, hippocampal tissue expression of @entity637 , markers of neuronal progenitor proliferation and gliogenesis and serum cytokine concentration. Our results show that a higher   -3:  -6 @entity5204 diet ratio increased hippocampal @entity5204 , increased @entity148 , improved hippocampal dependent spatial memory and reduced hippocampal @entity637 levels compared to a low   -3:  -6 diet. Furthermore, serum @entity637 concentration was reduced in the higher   -3:  -6 @entity5204 ratio supplementation group while expression of the neuronal progenitor proliferation markers KI67 and doublecortin ( @entity20446 ) was increased in the dentate gyrus as opposed to the low   -3:  -6 group. Conversely,   -3:  -6 dietary @entity5204 ratio had no significant effect on astrocyte or microglia number or cell death in the dentate gyrus. These results suggest that supplementation of PUFAs may delay aging effects on cognitive function in unchallenged mature adult C57BL/6 @entity19 . This effect is possibly induced by increasing neuronal progenitor proliferation and reducing @entity637 .

title: Long-term omega-3 supplementation modulates behavior, hippocampal fatty acid concentration, neuronal progenitor proliferation and central XXXX expression in 7 month old unchallenged @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid', 'PUFA']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['age-related cognitive decline', 'ARCD', 'cognitive decline']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: @entity3927 ( @entity3927 ) is an antiprogestin which interacts with @entity1420 at the receptor level. Administration of @entity3927 immediately after ovulation does not upset the menstrual cycle. However, the maturation and function of the endometrium is inhibited and uterine contractility is changed. To test if these effects are sufficient to prevent implantation, 21 @entity1 agreed to use one single treatment with 200 mg @entity3927 on day luteinizing hormone (LH) + 2 monthly as their only contraceptive method. The @entity1 were treated for 1-12 months. The time of the LH peak was determined in the urine by the @entity1 themselves using a rapid LH test (Ovu-quick, Organon). The overall number of cycles studied was 169. In 12 cycles the @entity1 were unable to detect the LH peak. In these cycles no treatment was given and the @entity1 advised to use barrier methods during the time to menstruation. The remaining 157 cycles with a detectable LH peak were all ovulatory based on plasma @entity1420 measurement. One pregnancy occurred. On the basis of the time of the LH peak, it was retrospectively calculated that in 124 cycles at least one act of intercourse occurred during the period 3 days before to 1 day after ovulation. The probability of pregnancy in this period of the menstrual cycle is thus 0.008. The @entity1 did not complain of any treatment-related side-effects apart from slight bleeding for 2-3 days starting a few days after the day of treatment in 35% of the cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early luteal phase treatment with XXXX ( @entity3927 ) for fertility regulation.

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['Mifepristone', 'mifepristone', 'RU 486']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: Local control of the primary @entity5 is a fundamental requirement for clinical cure. Towards this aim, the primary @entity5 must be diagnosed early and identified histologically. The size, extension, and spread within the @entity1 must be defined precisely. In planning effective local therapy, additional questions must be answered including resectability, mutilation, sensitivity to radio- and chemotherapy, anticipated morbidity from therapeutic measures, etc. For @entity421 there is no reasonable alternative to radical surgery. Because of the 20% local recurrence rate of @entity2828 following radiotherapy, radical surgical @entity5 should be attempted whenever possible. For @entity980 , particularly for its embryonal histology, non-radical removal of the primary @entity242 is still compatible with a cure, provided adequate radio- and chemotherapy is also administered. Primary irradiation is indicated in radiosensitive unresectable primary @entity5 and may convert these into an operable state. Chemotherapy is the domain of prevention and treatment of @entity3 . It has, however, also a proved effect on primary @entity5 and, in several recent protocols, precedes local therapy.

title: Local therapy of @entity980 , @entity421 and XXXX of @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'removal of the primary tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinicians are currently encountering an increasing number of @entity1 in the long-term period after @entity215 ( @entity215 ) repair presenting with @entity338 ( @entity338 ) or right @entity67 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of the plasma @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) level and consider surgical indications and timing of @entity338 ( @entity338 ). We examined 33 @entity1 (21 males, 12 females, mean age 14.5      2.8  years) who underwent @entity215 repair at Kitasato University Hospital. All @entity1 were evaluated using echocardiography and blood sampling. The mean age at the time of initial repair was 1.3      0.7  years. The @entity1 with moderate-severe @entity338 exhibited significantly higher plasma @entity3876 levels than the @entity1 with trivial-mild @entity338 (mean 37.5      33.1 vs. 17.3      6.6  pg/ml, p  =  0.013). The mean plasma @entity3876 level with cardiac symptoms was higher than that observed in the @entity1 without any symptoms (71.4      46.1 vs. 25.0      14.0  pg/ml, p  =  0.005). The mean @entity3876 level was significantly decreased after @entity338 (71.3      46.1-26.1      13.2  pg/ml, p  =  0.009), and the plasma @entity3876 level was found to be positively correlated with the RV end-diastolic pressure (r  =  0.851; p  =  0.008). The optimal @entity3876 cut-off value for considering @entity338 was 32.15  pg/ml (sensitivity, 85.7  %; specificity, 83.3  %). The plasma @entity3876 level may become a useful diagnostic tool for considering the indications and optimal timing of @entity338 over the long term after @entity215 repair.

title: Clinical Utility of the Plasma @entity3876 Level in Monitoring Tetralogy of Fallot XXXX over the Long Term After Initial Intracardiac Repair: Considerations for Pulmonary Valve Replacement.

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'pulmonary valve replacement', 'pulmonary valve regurgitation', 'PR']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular (RV) dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A nuclear recessive mutant of @entity958 , @entity57785 , has been isolated in which there is no significant increase in chloroplast number during leaf mesophyll cell expansion and in which there are only 13 chloroplasts per mesophyll cell compared with 121 in wild-type cells. Mature @entity57785 chloroplasts in fully expanded mesophyll cells are 6-fold larger than in wild-type cells. A large proportion of @entity57785 chloroplasts also show some degree of central constriction, suggesting that the mutation has prevented the completion of the chloroplast division process. To examine the interaction of arc loci, a double mutant was constructed between arc1, a mutant possessing many small chloroplasts, and @entity57785 . A second double mutant was also constructed between @entity57790 , a previously discovered mutant also possessing few large chloroplasts per cell, and arc1. Analysis of these double mutants shows that chloroplast number per mesophyll cell is greater when @entity57785 and @entity57790 mutations are expressed in the arc1 background than when expressed alone. The cell-specific nature of arc mutants was also analyzed. The phenotypic traits characteristic of @entity57790 and @entity57785 are a reduction in chloroplast number and an increase in chloroplast size in mesophyll cells: these changes are also observed in reduced form in the epidermal and guard cell chloroplasts of @entity57790 and @entity57785 plants. Analysis of parenchyma sheath cell chloroplasts suggests that in leaves of arc1 plants the normal developmental distinction between mesophyll and parenchyma sheath chloroplasts is perturbed. The relevance of these findings to the analysis of the control of chloroplast division in mesophyll cells is discussed.

title: A Genetic Analysis of Chloroplast Division and Expansion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the relation between every-night (habitual) snoring, sleep @entity73 (concentration and memory complaints) in an adult population-based sample. In the @entity6880 -MONICA (MONItoring trends in @entity65 ) 1504 males and females aged 30, 40, 50 and 60 years were classified according to their snoring habits. Nocturnal respiration was measured in 748 @entity1 . The following measures were regarded as potential confounders: age, gender, unintended @entity25 , @entity22 , @entity308 , hypnotic use, @entity167 consumption by questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure. Concentration and @entity2414 were both related to @entity308 , @entity22 and unintended @entity25 . Snoring and @entity25 (defined as a respiratory distress index-RDI > or = 5) were associated with concentration problems and unintended @entity25 . The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) between snoring, concentration and @entity2414 , calculated by logistic regression analysis after adjustments for the above confounders, were 1.90 (1.23-2.91, p < 0.01) and 1.38 (0.97-1.99, NS). For those with @entity25 , the odds ratios were 3.53 (1.42-8.73. p < 0.001) and 1.51 (0.81-2.14, NS) for concentration and @entity2414 , respectively. The main conclusion drawn from this study is that cognitive complaints show a high correlation to mood, @entity22 and @entity2147 . Habitual snoring and @entity25 show a correlation to concentration problems, but not to @entity2414 . This suggests that part of the association between snoring, @entity25 and @entity73 is related to the presence of @entity25 and @entity25 .

title: [Cognitive symptoms in @entity1 with snoring and sleep apnea. An epidemiologic study of 1.504 XXXX and @entity1 aged 30-60 years. The @entity6880 -MONICA II study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'sleep apnoea', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['apnoea and cognitive complaints', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CArdiovascular iseases']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some grafts harvested from the groin area do not become hyperpigmented and in an individual with multiple pieces of grafts, the @entity2117 of the pieces may vary. This study evaluates the orientation of the inset of groin grafts according to their donor sites (superior-inferior) and its role in graft @entity2117 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1159 or @entity15723 who required at least 2 pieces of grafts were enrolled. In each @entity1 , one piece of the graft was inset in the same direction of the orientation of the donor site and the other in the opposite direction. Six months after the operation, the pigmentation was scored by a subjective scaling from 1 to 5. RESULTS: Thirty-four fingers of 15 @entity1 were included. The mean grade of pigmentation in grafts inset in the direction of the donor site was 3.00  1.118 and in those inset in the opposite direction was 2.88  1.409. This was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that although the grafts inset in the opposite direction of the donor site, they were less pigmented. So orientation of full thickness groin grafts did not affect @entity2117 of the grafts in burn @entity1159 hands.

title: Does orientation of full-thickness groin grafts affect @entity2117 in burn XXXX hands?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity15723 :: ('MESH:D013576', 'Disease') :: ['syndactyly']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['hand burn contracture', 'contracture and syndactyly']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture and syndactyly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sensitivity of coronary calcification by electron beam tomography (EBT) for the detection of @entity453 is well-established. Combining the anatomic information of EBT with the functional information of stress testing might reduce the high false-positive result rate seen with @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) alone. No studies have reported the additive value of a negative EBT result (no coronary @entity460 ) for excluding obstructive @entity453 (OCAD) in @entity1 with a positive @entity1642 result. This study evaluated the negative predictive value and potential clinical utility of EBT to identify @entity1 with a falsely abnormal @entity1642 . METHODS: A coronary @entity460 score was determined by EBT for 153 symptomatic @entity1 who underwent coronary angiography because of a positive @entity1642 . The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of EBT were determined. A multiple logistic regression analysis compared conventional cardiac risk factors with coronary calcification by EBT for predicting OCAD. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated plotting sensitivity versus false-positive rate. RESULTS: The false-positive rate of the @entity1642 compared with angiography was 27% (41 of 153). The sensitivity of a nonzero coronary @entity460 score for OCAD was 98% (110 of 112), with a negative predictive value of 93%. According to multiple logistic regression, coronary calcification by EBT was a stronger predictor of OCAD than any conventional cardiac risk factor. EBT @entity460 added incremental value to the results of the @entity1642 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis found an area under the curve of 0.91 (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: The absence of coronary calcification by EBT reliably identified @entity1 with a false-positive @entity1642 result. The combination of EBT with @entity1642 is a potentially useful diagnostic strategy to reduce the number of false-positive test results.

title: Coronary XXXX scanning adds incremental value to @entity1 with positive stress tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['TMST', 'treadmill stress test']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Previous studies have confirmed the therapeutic value of elemental diets in promoting remission in active @entity30 , but their long-term benefit has not been established. Twenty-seven @entity1 with established @entity30 who attained clinical remission after four weeks of enteral feeding were followed prospectively for up to 36 months. Twenty of these were willing to be tested for specific food intolerance using a pre-defined dietary elimination protocol; the others continued on a normal unrestricted diet. Eighteen @entity1 (67%) have since relapsed; 89% of the relapse occurred within the first 6 months. Of the 15 @entity1 with colonic involvement, 12 (80%) relapsed by 6 months. In contrast only 3 of 11 with isolated @entity29 experienced early relapse. Of the 14 @entity1 who completed the process of dietary testing, 5 could not identify any trigger foods; the remaining 9 were maintained on exclusion diets, 3 of whom relapsed early. Of the 11 taking a normal diet, 9 relapsed. Disease duration, previous intestinal resection or prior @entity134 therapy did not affect the relapse rate. Eight @entity1 (31%) obtained a long-term remission, mean 23 months (range 12-36 months), without any medication. Long-lasting remissions can be obtained in about one-third of @entity1 with @entity30 following treatment with a defined formula diet. Colonic involvement is associated with a high early relapse rate.

title: Long-term effects of elemental and exclusion diets for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the demography, mode of presentation, gross morphology, histopathological diagnosis and subsequent course of @entity5 in north-west Pakistan. METHODS: The retrospective observational study was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from January 2007 to July 2010, and comprised data related to 222 @entity1 . Charts of @entity1 with @entity5 admitted to the department during study period were reviewed. @entity1 ' demographic data, gross and microscopic features of the @entity5 and their subsequent course of treatments were recorded. SPSS 14 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the total, 122 (54.1%) @entity1 were male and 102 (45.9%) were female. Mean age of all @entity1 was 59.3 +/- 14.2 years. Among the @entity1 , 73 (32.9%) had the involvement of the lower lid; 57 (25.7%) the upper lid; 18 (8.11%) the medial canthus; 2 (0.9%) the lateral canthus; and 72 (32.4%) had more than one region involved. On histopathology, @entity1491 was the most common (n= 131; 59%), followed by @entity957 in 70 (31.5%), @entity189 in 15 (6.8%), @entity320 in 3 (1.3%) and @entity189 in 3 (1.3%) cases. Of the total @entity5 , 164 (73.87%) did not spread, and 58 (26.13%) spread either locally or distantly. CONCLUSION: @entity1491 was is the most common @entity5 in the study. @entity957 , which was second, was found to be more common in north-west Pakistan than in any other part of Asia, while the @entity189 was relatively less common.

title: Clinicopathological analysis of XXXX in north-west Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant eyelid tumour', 'malignant eyelid tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sebaceous gland carcinoma', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['Basal cell carcinoma', 'basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant eyelid tumours']


abstract: Primary cervical @entity674 are rare neoplasms that have been poorly characterized. We report the clinical, histologic, and immunohistologic features of 3 primary endocervical @entity4483 protein ( @entity4483 )-positive and @entity2280 -positive @entity242 , herein designated as fibroblastic malignant peripheral nerve @entity242 (endocervical @entity6011 ), 2 of which occurred in @entity1 younger than 35 years of age. All @entity5 presented as a cervical polyp or @entity66 ; 1 extended into the pelvic side wall and vaginal soft tissue. The @entity5 measured 2.0 to 8.0 cm, and were composed of compact fascicles of spindled cells arranged in herringbone, loose fascicular, or ill-defined storiform patterns. A focal whorled architecture was identified in all 3 @entity5 , but distinct Antoni A areas and Verocay bodies were absent. Ultrastructural examination in 1 case confirmed the presence of fibrocyte-like differentiation. Strong, diffuse, and in 1 case, patchy @entity4483 expression was seen in all cases; strong and diffuse @entity2280 expression was also present in all @entity5 . Adjacent uninvolved endocervical stroma also showed @entity2280 positivity but expression was much less dramatic than in @entity5 cells. All other markers of neural, melanocytic, smooth muscle, endometrial stromal, and epithelial differentiation were negative. One of the @entity5 behaved extremely aggressively with extensive pelvic involvement, resulting in @entity1 @entity204 within 16 months of diagnosis; another @entity5 was associated with pelvic recurrence 13 months after diagnosis; and the third @entity5 had an indolent course with no evidence of recurrence at 33 months after complete excision and local radiotherapy, although follow-up was limited. Review of large numbers of @entity361 in the uterus did not show similar @entity5 . Endocervical @entity6011 should be distinguished from solitary @entity5 , endometrial @entity674 , @entity1822 , @entity320 , and other spindle cell neoplasms. The prominent fibroblastic endoneurial-like differentiation seen in this @entity1263 may be related to the presence of a rich mucosal stromal fibrocyte network in the endocervix.

title: Endocervical fibroblastic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor ( @entity6011 ): report of a novel entity possibly related to endocervical XXXX fibrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sheath sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'fibrous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['stromal sarcomas', 'stromal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The completion of the sequencing of @entity1 , @entity19 and @entity35 genomes and knowledge of cross-species gene homologies enables studies of differential gene expression in animal models. These types of studies have the potential to greatly enhance our understanding of diseases such as @entity96 in @entity1 . Genes co-expressed across multiple species are most likely to have conserved functions. We have used various bioinformatics approaches to examine microarray expression profiles from @entity96 that arise in albumin-SV40 transgenic @entity35 to elucidate genes, chromosome aberrations and pathways that might be associated with @entity1 @entity96 . RESULTS: In this study, we first identified 2223 differentially expressed genes by comparing gene expression profiles for two control, two @entity2513 samples using an F-test. These genes were subsequently mapped to the @entity35 chromosomes using a novel visualization tool, the Chromosome Plot. Using the same plot, we further mapped the significant genes to orthologous chromosomal locations in @entity1 and @entity19 . Many genes expressed in @entity35 1q that are amplified in @entity35 @entity96 map to the @entity1 chromosomes 10, 11 and 19 and to the @entity19 chromosomes 7, 17 and 19, which have been implicated in studies of @entity1 and @entity19 @entity96 . Using Comparative Genomics Microarray Analysis (CGMA), we identified regions of potential aberrations in @entity1 . Lastly, a pathway analysis was conducted to predict altered @entity1 pathways based on statistical analysis and extrapolation from the @entity35 data. All of the identified pathways have been known to be important in the etiology of @entity1 @entity96 , including cell cycle control, cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and protein metabolism. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that the hepatic gene expression profiles from the albumin-SV40 transgenic @entity35 model revealed genes, pathways and chromosome alterations consistent with experimental and clinical research in @entity1 @entity96 . The bioinformatics tools presented in this paper are essential for cross species extrapolation and mapping of microarray data, its analysis and interpretation.

title: Bioinformatics approaches for cross-species XXXX analysis based on microarray gene expression profiling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer', 'liver neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and two carcinoma']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: D-dimer and factor @entity797 levels raise in advanced @entity82 . We investigated the behavior and the diagnostic usefulness of D-dimer and factor @entity797 in cirrhotic @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity49 . Factor @entity797 coagulant and D-dimer values were measured in 136 consecutive outpatients with stable @entity82 divided according to @entity1 -Pugh (CP) classification, who underwent color/power ultrasonography to detect @entity715 . Portal @entity715 was found in 33 @entity1 (24.2%). In @entity1 without @entity715 , factor @entity797 was significantly higher in CP class C compared with class A and B. Conversely, class C @entity1 with @entity715 had lower factor @entity797 levels than those without @entity715 . In both groups, D-dimer was significantly increased in class C compared with class A and B. In class C, @entity715 @entity1 showed higher D-dimer values than did @entity1 without @entity715 . In class C, a D-dimer value > or = 0.55 microg/mL provided a sensitivity and a negative predictive value for @entity715 of 100%, and a factor @entity797 coagulant level < or = 80% showed a specificity and a negative predictive value of 76% and 84%, respectively. In class B, a D-dimer value > or = 0.225 microg/mL had a sensitivity of 89% and a negative predictive value of 82%. In conclusion, our study shows that factor @entity797 values increase in severe @entity82 but significantly decrease in the presence of concomitant @entity715 , likely because of consumption during @entity715 ; D-dimer is enhanced by both @entity1578 and @entity715 ; in severe @entity82 , normal D-dimer and factor @entity797 values may safely exclude the presence of asymptomatic @entity715 .

title: Evaluation of D-dimer and factor @entity797 in cirrhotic @entity1 with asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['portal venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic', 'portal thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['portal venous thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The inhibition of the 90-kDa @entity1457 protein ( @entity62353 ) leads to upregulation of the 70-kDa-inducible @entity187 . @entity187 has been previously shown to be neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory. @entity13906 (GA) and other @entity62353 inhibitors have emerged as promising therapeutic agents in @entity5 , presumably owing to their ability to upregulate @entity187 . However, the effects of @entity62353 inhibition in @entity198 are still unclear. We investigate the effect of a panel of @entity62353 inhibitors on endotoxin-activated microglia and eventual protection from brain-derived endothelial cells. Prior studies have shown that GA protects brain cells from oxidative stress. We show here that when astrocytes or microglial BV2 cells were pretreated with GA or other @entity62353 inhibitors, endotoxin-induced cell death was reduced in cocultures of BV2 microglia and brain-derived endothelial cells (bEND.3). Endotoxin-stimulated BV2 cells led to increased @entity842 (NO) and inducible @entity842 synthase which was prevented by treatment with all @entity62353 inhibitors. @entity62353 inhibitors also prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cell death. We also found that @entity62353 inhibition blocked nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and attenuated IkBa degradation, and inhibited LPS-activated JAK-STAT phosphorylation. We show that pharmacologic inhibition of @entity62353 with subsequent @entity187 induction protects cells that comprise the cerebral vasculature against cell death owing to proinflammatory stimuli. This approach may have therapeutic potential in neurological conditions with an inflammatory component. GLIA 2015.

title: Pharmacologic XXXX protein 70 induction confers cytoprotection against inflammation in gliovascular cells.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13906 :: ('MESH:C001277', 'Chemical') :: ['Geldanamycin']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: More than 1200 isolates of @entity880 bacteria isolated from different environments were screened for antifungal activity in a dual-culture agar plate assay. Approximately 10% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity and 4% showed strong activity against the indicator mould Aspergillus fumigatus. The antifungal spectra for 37 isolates with strong activity and five isolates with low or no activity were determined. Several of the strains showed strong inhibitory activity against the moulds A. fumigatus, @entity14940 , Penicillium commune and Fusarium sporotrichioides, and also against the @entity375 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Penicillium roqueforti and the @entity375 Pichia anomala and Kluyveromyces marxianus were not inhibited. Several isolates showed reduced antifungal activity after storage and handling. The majority of the fungal inhibitory isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as @entity1336 coryniformis. @entity1336 and @entity26044 were also frequently identified among the active isolates. The degree of fungal inhibition was not only related to production of lactic or @entity1543 . In addition, antifungal cyclic dipeptides were identified after HPLC separation and several other active fractions were found suggesting a highly complex nature of the antifungal activity.

title: Broad and complex antifungal activity among environmental isolates of XXXX bacteria.

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity26044 :: ('1255', 'Species') :: ['Pediococcus pentosaceus']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: The effect of @entity5228 -induced @entity410 activity on energy metabolism and on brain pH in @entity19 was studied by continuous EEG recording and in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. @entity19 were divided into ventilated (n = 6) and nonventilated (n = 7) groups. Baseline EEG was 0.1-mV amplitude with frequence of > 30-Hz and of 4-5 Hz. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of @entity5228 (6 mg/kg), electrographic spikes appeared at increasing frequency, progressing to high-amplitude (0.1-0.8 mV) continuous @entity410 activity ( @entity159 ). In ventilated @entity19 , the [31P]NMR spectra showed that high-energy @entity1391 levels and tissue pH did not change after @entity5228 administration or during the intervals of spiking or @entity159 . Nonventilated @entity19 showed periods of EEG suppression accompanied by decreases in the levels of high-energy @entity1391 metabolites and in pH, corresponding to episodic respiratory suppression during the spiking interval. In all animals, @entity159 was followed by a marked decrease in EEG amplitude that progressed rapidly to isoelectric silence. [31P]NMR spectra obtained after this were indicative of @entity177 and tissue @entity520 . In a separate group of ventilated @entity19 (n = 4), @entity5228 -induced @entity159 was accompanied initially by an @entity101 (MAP) that slowly returned to baseline level. Isoelectric silence was accompanied by a decrease in MAP to 75 +/- 8 mm Hg. These experiments suggest that @entity5228 -induced @entity410 are not accompanied by an increase in substrate demand that exceeds supply.

title: XXXX energy metabolism during @entity5228 -induced @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in mean arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['total energy failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['Phosphate']


abstract: We conducted a prospective, multicenter pilot study of remission induction therapy in @entity1 with poor prognosis @entity2590 and @entity3052 evolving from a preceding phase of @entity2590 . Fifty evaluable @entity1 from 15 institutions were treated with one or two remission-induction courses consisting of i.v. @entity8779 12 mg/m2/day on days 1, 2, and 3 combined with a continuous i.v. infusion of @entity2592 of 200 mg/m2/day on days 1 to 7. Of the 27 complete remitters (54%), 23 received a consolidation course which was identical to the remission-induction course except for the @entity8779 12 mg/m2 which was given on day 1 only. Fifteen @entity1 received maintenance therapy consisting of six courses of @entity2592 10 mg/m2, s.c. twice daily, for 14 days. Two complete remitters were allografted and five @entity1 received an ABMT. The median survival of all 50 treated @entity1 was 14 months. The median duration of disease-free survival was 11 months with two @entity1 in CR more than 2 years after entering CR. Twenty-four of the 27 remitters have relapsed. Four @entity1 died during remission-induction therapy, but no @entity1 died as a result of persisting @entity509 . No fatal complications occurred during the consolidation and maintenance courses. Age and stage of disease had no significant impact on CR rate nor on remission duration. The CR rate was significantly (P = 0.03) higher in @entity1 with only normal metaphases compared to @entity1 with @entity2008 . The DFS at 2 years was 33 vs 8%, respectively, for @entity1 without or with @entity2008 (P = 0.02). This study shows that @entity1 below the age of 60 years with poor risk features are candidates for treatment with combination chemotherapy. A complete remission rate of more than 50% may be expected. Maintaining remission after remission-induction chemotherapy is a difficult issue. @entity1 not eligible for allogeneic BMT may be treated with intensive post-remission chemotherapy or autologous BMT.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for poor prognosis @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) and secondary @entity3052 (sAML) following XXXX of more than 6 months duration. A pilot study by the Leukemia Cooperative Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment in Cancer (EORTC-LCG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: @entity2650 is a common condition affecting approximately one in 300 @entity1 in Scotland. The functional and aesthetic outcome of the many different techniques of repair are being analysed in increasingly critical fashion. However, few techniques have been published with more than short-term follow-up data. The modified Bretteville technique is a two-stage technique that can be used for all degrees of severity of @entity2650 . It has certain advantages over other single- and two-stage techniques. We present the midterm results of 74 @entity2650 corrections performed by using the modified Bretteville technique. The majority of @entity2650 were distal (93%), but the series includes @entity1 with mid-shaft and proximal deformity. The mean follow-up period was 67 months (range: 5-126). The average number of procedures per @entity1 was 2.35, and 78% of @entity1 had only two procedures. The overall @entity292 rate was 5.4% and the @entity850 rate was 6.8%, though this figure has fallen to 2.6% for the @entity292 rate (n=38) and 0% for the @entity850 rate (n=38) over the most recent 5-year follow-up period. One @entity1 needed re-repair using a Bracka technique. We believe that the modified Bretteville technique is a reliable technique for proximal, as well as distal, @entity2650 with an excellent cosmetic outcome.

title: Midterm outcome of the modified Bretteville technique for XXXX reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ideal conditions for platelet reactivity testing are critical for optimal selection of a @entity3075 inhibitor. Data are inconsistent regarding the impact of high-fat meals on test assessment. METHODS: @entity1 included 12 healthy subjects not taking antiplatelet drugs after a 12-hour fast. After baseline assessment, subjects were given a 600  mg dose of @entity1397 . Four hours later, maximum platelet inhibition was tested in the fasting state by light transmission aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow @entity3075 , @entity19319 ( @entity19319 ), and whole blood aggregometry (WBA). Subjects were then provided a high-fat meal, and platelet function was evaluated two hours later. Change in measured @entity1423 by LTA was the primary endpoint of the study. The Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was used to compare the change in platelet reactivity between fasting and non-fasting conditions. The Spearman rho (  ) correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the association between fasting platelet reactivity and the change following a high-fat meal. RESULTS: No significant change occurred in maximal light transmission, as assessed by LTA with 5   M @entity857 (p   =   0.15) and with 20   M @entity857 (p   =   0.07). There was a significant change in the area under the curve with 5   M @entity857 (p   =   0.03) but not with 20   M @entity857 (p   =   0.18). Although there was no significant change with the VerifyNow @entity3075 assay (p   =   0.16), the change was correlated with the initial fasting value (Spearman's rho p   =   0.008). The @entity19319 assay and WBA varied minimally. CONCLUSION: The high-fat meal did not significantly alter platelet function assessment of commonly used platelet function tests. Greater intra-subject variability existed for the optically-dependent compared with non-optically dependent tests. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT01307657.

title: Impact of a high-fat meal on assessment of XXXX -induced platelet inhibition in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity19319 :: ('7408', 'Gene') :: ['VASP', 'vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein']

answer: @entity1397 :: (MESH:C055162,Chemical) :: ['clopidogrel']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Controversy exists over the optimal hospital type to which high-risk surgical @entity1 should be referred for operative management. While high volume centers have been traditionally advocated, recent evidence suggests teaching hospitals may have better outcomes for high-risk @entity1 . We investigated whether mortality outcomes of @entity1 undergoing surgery for ruptured @entity1028 (rAAA) were different between teaching hospitals and non-teaching hospitals, independent of hospital operative volume. METHODS: A retrospective review of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample dataset (1998-2004) was performed to identify open and endovascular (EVAR) repair for rAAA. Hospitals were stratified by teaching status, including teaching hospitals (TH) with any type of residency training program, those with general surgery training programs (GSTH) and those with vascular surgery training programs (VSTH). The association of hospital teaching status with in-hospital mortality for open AAA repair and EVAR was assessed via multi-level multivariable logistic regression, controlling for @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, and hospital operative volume. RESULTS: Of 6636 open AAA repairs for rAAA, the overall perioperative mortality was 42%. Mortality was significantly lower at TH than non-TH (39.3% vs 44.5%; P < .05). Mortality was also lower at GSTH (38.7%) and VSTH (34.3%). After adjusting for hospital operative volume, @entity1 demographics, and comorbidities, we found a 25% decrease in likelihood of in-hospital death at VSTH vs non-VSTH (odds ratio 0.75; 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.94; P < .05). CONCLUSION: In-hospital mortality is significantly reduced for @entity1 undergoing open AAA repair for rAAA at teaching hospitals and hospitals with vascular surgery training programs, independent of volume. These results suggest that in addition to factors associated with teaching hospitals in general, the type of specialty training within teaching institutions is a critical factor which may influence outcomes, specifically for @entity1 with rAAA.

title: Impact of hospital teaching status on survival from ruptured XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']