abstract: In @entity7160 , high levels of serum IgA make a prominent contribution to hyperglobulinaemia. Kinetic studies indicate that this predominantly reflects enhanced IgA synthesis rather than catabolism. Increase IgA synthesis might reflect increased antigenic load, diminished T-cell suppression, or T-cell independent B-cell stimulation (for example by lipopolysaccharide). To investigate this we studied T-cell control of IgA production by peripheral blood cells. Six @entity1 with @entity7160 were compared with six normal individuals. Serum IgA levels were significantly higher in the @entity1 (6.6 mg/ml, SD 2.8 cf 1.7 mg/ml, SD 1.2). Seven day unstimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells yielded supernatant IgA concentrations of 1,025 ng/ml (SD 600) in @entity1 and 363 ng/ml (SD 222) in controls. T-cell control of IgA synthesis was explored by rosetting out T-cells, and reconstituting cultures at varying T:non-T cell ratios. Similarly shaped curves relating IgA per million non-T cells to the T:non-T cell ratio were found, with maximum IgA production at a T:non-T ratio of 8:2 in each group. IgA production at this ratio was 6.4 micrograms/ml/million non-T cells (SD 3.2) in @entity82 of 3.2 ( @entity1 .0) in controls. T-cell control of IgA production thus appears normal, though set at a higher level, implying enhanced T-cell independent drive to IgA production in @entity7160 .

title: Regulation of peripheral blood B-cell IgA production in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity7160 :: (MESH:D008104,Disease) :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evaluate the incidence of biopsy-proven @entity226 for seasonal or annual variability in the Mid-Atlantic United States. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all @entity1 undergoing temporal artery biopsy from 1994 to 2011. @entity1 : The charts of 744 @entity1 were reviewed, and 215 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity226 based on positive temporal artery biopsy results. METHODS: All results between 1994 and 2011 were reviewed. Giant cell @entity3468 incidence data were evaluated by year, season and month for any trends or cyclic patterns. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incidence of biopsy-proven @entity226 . RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 were female (74%) and over the age of 60 (98.6%). The diagnosis of biopsy-proven @entity226 was found in 215 of 744 (28.9%) @entity1 . The incidence of biopsy-proven @entity226 by year varied, with the peak incidence in 1996. The monthly incidence peaked in July and had a trough in October. However, Poisson regression analysis did not show any statistically significant trend over time or cyclic pattern to the incidence by year, season or month. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of biopsy-proven @entity226 in the population studied did not have any significant cyclic pattern over the last 17 years. The highest incidence by month was noted in July with a trough in October. However, this was not a significant pattern by month or season to support infectious or periodic environmental factors inciting @entity226 .

title: Giant cell XXXX incidence: analysis by season and year in mid-Atlantic United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

answer: @entity3468 :: (MESH:D001167,Disease) :: ['arteritis']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: A significant effect of gender, experience and background, i.e. an evaluator's relationship with @entity1641 as @entity1641 anaesthetists, orthopaedic surgeons, practitioners or owners, on perceptions of recovery quality after anaesthesia would reduce the validity of recovery quality scoring systems. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of evaluator background, experience and gender on their perceptions of recovery quality; and questionnaire response rate as a function of background. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A total of 440 potential evaluators were invited to evaluate the video-recorded recoveries of 24 @entity1641 using a @entity227 ( @entity227 ) in which 0 = worst, 100 = best possible recovery. A mean score was generated for each of the 1-24 recoveries within each background group. These were compared using Spearman's rank correlation. The effect of gender and experience on @entity227 scores were analysed using an ordinal logistic regression after scores were categorised into 'intermediate, 'worst' and 'best' recovery categories based on median, 25th and 75th percentile @entity227 scores, respectively. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 35%. The greatest was from the anaesthetists (78%) followed by surgeons (43%). The response rate among owners and practitioners was 26%. Correlation among @entity227 scores across all background groups was high (Spearman rank > 0.90; P < 0.001). Among the combined veterinarians, there was no significant gender (P = 0.551) or experience (P = 0.103) effect. Among @entity1641 owners, the effect of experience was not significant (P = 0.116) although gender was (P = 0.027). Male @entity1641 owners awarded significantly greater scores than females. CONCLUSIONS: When @entity227 are used to grade recovery quality, neither the background nor the gender of veterinary evaluators affects quality perception. Male owners awarded greater scores than female owners, implying that they are less critical of recovery quality and a gender effect among @entity1641 owners must be considered when @entity227 are used to score recovery quality.

title: Factors affecting the perception of recovery quality in XXXX after anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horse', 'horses', 'equine']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: Data on the natural history of descending and thoracoabdominal @entity439 are limited to a few studies. They demonstrated that, independent from the different mechanisms of @entity528 affecting the structural integrity of the aortic wall, the biologic fate of all @entity439 is progressive enlargement and @entity397 . Laminated @entity715 and calcification do not prevent this process. The natural history is markedly influenced by size, location, symptoms, and etiology of @entity439 . They may develop symptoms related to mechanical compression of adjacent structures, but more frequently they are asymptomatic until @entity397 occurs. Usually, @entity1755 causes @entity204 by exsanguination and shock before bleeding can be controlled. Occasionally, @entity397 can be contained by the parietal pleura or occur towards the mediastinum, esophagus, @entity358 , or bronchi. @entity439 will cause @entity204 in the majority of @entity1 because of @entity397 . Recent data evaluating smaller and asymptomatic @entity439 with CT scan support nonoperative management and close follow-up of descending and @entity2334 only when the diameter is less than 5 cm. @entity1 with @entity1614 may be operated upon with smaller @entity439 . Independent of etiology, operative repair is the most effective means to alter the otherwise malignant course of descending and @entity2334 . The role of endovascular repair of these @entity439 remains to be established; however, it may represent an alternative to treat thoracic @entity439 in very high risk @entity1 .

title: Natural history of descending and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Untreated aneurysms', 'aneurysmal disease', 'thoracic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['injury and degeneration']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Conventional over the wire dilation catheters may be unsuccessful in crossing @entity301 that are severely narrowed. Hence, a new, extremely low profile coronary angioplasty catheter specifically designed to dilate such lesions was investigated. The catheter features a 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 mm (inflated diameter) balloon mounted on a guide wire. The deflated profile of the 2.0 mm balloon measures 0.020 +/- 0.001 in. (0.51 +/- 0.03 mm). The catheter can be used in conjunction with 7F angiographic or 8F guide catheters. The catheter was used in 61 @entity1 , aged 43 to 86 years, with predominantly Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III-IV @entity951 . Dilation was attempted in 77 lesions. Lesion length averaged 5.7 +/- 3.1 mm (mean +/- 1 SD), minimal diameter 0.51 +/- 0.25 mm and internal vessel diameter 2.27 +/- 0.43 mm. Sixty lesions (78%) were successfully dilated to less than 50% residual @entity850 with this catheter alone; nine lesions were further dilated with a larger balloon catheter. The new catheter was unable to cross 13 lesions (17%); only 2 of these lesions were subsequently crossed with a conventional over the wire system. On the other hand, the catheter was used after failure of conventional dilating catheters in 21 lesions and was successful in 16. The new catheter was particularly valuable for distal lesions and those demonstrating 90 to 99% diameter reduction. For all lesions crossed, @entity850 decreased from 76 +/- 11 to 29 +/- 12% after 2.9 +/- 2.7 inflations and peak inflation pressure of 8.0 +/- 2.9 bar. Complications were rare; @entity1563 occurred in two lesions (3%) and dissection in three lesions (4%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of a new angioplasty catheter for severely narrowed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary lesions']


abstract: We studied the evolution of resistance to @entity5176 in @entity526 from 1992 to 1997 in Barcelona, Spain. An increasing proportion of @entity1536 -resistant @entity526 (QREC) infections was observed. QREC strains were more common in @entity1 with @entity580 but also increased in @entity1 with @entity5046 (9% in 1992 to 17% in 1996). Seventy (12%) of 572 episodes of @entity526 @entity2259 were due to QREC. Factors significantly associated with QREC @entity2259 were the presence of underlying disease, recent exposure to antibiotics, and @entity2259 of unknown origin. In the multivariate analysis, only prior exposure to antimicrobial agents (P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 2), specifically, to @entity5176 (P < 0. 001; OR = 14), and the presence of a urinary catheter (P < 0.001; OR = 2) were significantly associated with QREC @entity2259 . Among 16 QREC isolates from cultures of blood of community origin selected at random, 13 different pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns were recognized, showing the genetic diversity of these isolates and in turn indicating the independent emergence of QREC in the community. The prevalence of QREC in the feces of healthy @entity1 was unexpectedly high (24% in adults and 26% in @entity1 ). A survey of the prevalence of QREC of avian and porcine origin revealed a very high proportion of QREC in animal feces (up to 90% of @entity1573 harbored QREC). The high prevalence of QREC in the stools of healthy @entity1 in our area could be linked to the high prevalence of resistant isolates in poultry and pork.

title: Emergence and dissemination of @entity1536 -resistant XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity5046 :: ('MESH:D017714', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify the effects on the lipid profile of a product of fermented milk (Gaio) in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1007 . DESIGN: The study was prospective, randomized, double-blinded and placebo controlled, with a crossover design. SUBJECTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (21 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ) with ages ranging between 36 and 65 years old were included in the study. All of them were on a controlled diet for at least 8 weeks. INTERVENTION: @entity1 began, after clinical and laboratory analysis, in a randomized and double-blind manner to take 200 g daily of Gaio or its placebo. After 8 weeks blood was collected again for lipid profile evaluation and the crossover was made. After an additional 8 weeks blood was collected for another lipid profile determination. RESULTS: All @entity1 included completed the study. Comparisons were made between means of lipid profile constituents after the placebo and active product periods. These showed significant mean reduction of 5.3% (P = 0.004) for total @entity165 , 6.15% (P = 0.012) for LDL- @entity165 and no significant variation for HDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 . The majority of @entity1 presented no variation or had a decrease in their total @entity165 level. However, during the active product period, three @entity1 showed an increase in @entity165 level by more than 5%. CONCLUSION: The fermented milk (Gaio) produced a small but statistically significant decrease in total and LDL- @entity165 mean. However, not all subjects seem to respond to the product, and a few subjects showed a @entity165 increment. Further investigations are necessary to clarify this aspect.

title: Evaluation of the effects of a new fermented milk product (Gaio) on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Instability of microsatellites is a hallmark of the DNA @entity124 (RER+) due to the inactivation of mismatch repair genes. In @entity1 , microsatellite instability has first been described in @entity14 developing in either @entity14 or @entity5 @entity1 . Colorectal tumorigenesis in RER+ and @entity5 is probably due to distinct mechanisms, and RER+ @entity5 have a better prognosis than @entity5 . The study of the RER status of a @entity5 may thus be important in the future to determine biological prognosis factors and investigate therapeutical strategies. The RER status of 134 @entity5 and 26 cell lines derived from @entity14 was established by PCR amplification and analysis of a minimum of 32 microsatellite loci. This characterization allowed us to unambiguously classify 35 @entity5 and 7 cell lines as RER+. Typing of a single poly(A) tract, BAT-26, was sufficient to confirm the RER status of 159 of these 160 @entity5 and cell lines. Moreover, in DNA from unaffected individuals, normal tissues of a subset of the RER+ @entity1 , and all @entity5 or cell lines, BAT-26 was quasi-monomorphic, showing only minor size variations. BAT-26 alleles showing shortening from 4 to 15 bp were observed in all but 1 of the RER+ @entity5 and cell lines. The size difference between the range of normal large alleles and unstable small alleles was sufficient to be detected by electrophoresis on conventional @entity2975 gels stained with @entity5611 . We thus propose a simple, low-cost, and rapid method to screen for the RER status of @entity14 and cell lines, even in the absence of matching normal DNA and, in most cases, without the need for radioactivity. This method could easily be set up in routine laboratories.

title: BAT-26, an indicator of the XXXX in @entity14 and cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['replication error phenotype']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'RER- tumors', 'sporadic', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer primary tumors', 'hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity124 :: (MESH:D053842,Disease) :: ['replication error phenotype']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information on the prevalence of @entity2348 (ER) of the leg (BCERL) is sparse and dependent on the definitions used. There is no information available on the number of hospitalized and non-hospitalized @entity1 with BCERL, and related treatment costs. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the burden of illness for BCERL in the Netherlands in 2001. METHODS: Data were obtained from different linked databases. Hospital information was obtained from the National Morbidity Registration (known in the Netherlands as the LMR), which includes all Dutch citizens, using ICD-9-CM codes. The number of @entity1 not admitted to hospital was estimated using a subsample with data from general practitioners (GPs) (N = 50,000). These data were extrapolated using age/gender and disease-specific standardization. The subsample was used to assess the location of the @entity281 . Reimbursement costs were available for all resources. RESULTS: In 2001, approximately 28,000 @entity1 presented with either @entity2348 or ER of the leg. Of these @entity1 , 2,200 were admitted to the hospital and 4-6% had two or more episodes of ER/ @entity2348 in 2001. The average costs per hospitalization for BCERL were 5,346 @entity7634 , accumulating to more than 14 million @entity7634 in 2001. Although only 7% of all @entity1 were hospitalized, 83% of the total treatment costs could be attributed to hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: BCERL are common and serious infections in the Netherlands. Hospitalization occurs in only one in 14 @entity1 but contributes more than 80% of the total costs, which accumulate to 17 million @entity7634 a year.

title: Burden of illness of XXXX and erysipelas of the leg in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bacterial cellulitis (BC) and erysipelas']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial cellulitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 is an innate problem in endovascular treatment of @entity439 with coils. A coated coil system named Matrix (Boston Scientific Neurovascular, Fremont, CA), covered with a bioabsorbable polymeric material ( @entity6886 / @entity33198 copolymer [ @entity44255 ]), was developed to accelerate intraaneurysmal clot organization and @entity82 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Matrix detachable coils in @entity1 with @entity438 and @entity439 . METHODS: In a regional neurosurgical center in Hong Kong, data of @entity1 undergoing endovascular embolization of @entity438 was collected. In a 20-month period, 42 @entity1 with 44 @entity439 were treated by endovascular embolization using matrix coils alone or mixed with bare @entity902 coils. Thirty-four @entity1 presented with @entity1756 , and 8 @entity1 presented with unruptured @entity439 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (60%) had 6-month follow-up DSA, and 10 @entity1 (24%) had 18-month follow-up DSA. Seven @entity439 were identified, amounting to 16% for all @entity439 and 14% for @entity1756 . Four @entity1 were treated by repeated embolization, and 2 @entity1 were treated by microsurgical clipping. Two adverse events due to @entity1031 were noted. One 78-year-old lady with poor-grade @entity510 treated by partial embolization died from rebleed at day 4. Another @entity1 with partial embolization and spontaneous @entity715 of dorsal wall ICA @entity439 died at 2 months with @entity439 recanalization with rerupture. Twenty-six @entity1 achieved favorable outcome (GOS score 4 or 5) at last follow-up. The @entity439 recurrence rate using bare @entity902 coils of the same center was 11% and 7% for all @entity439 and @entity1756 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Matrix coil embolization was safe, but there was no reduction in @entity439 recurrence using matrix coils alone or mixed with GDCs, compared with GDCs alone.

title: Clinical and angiographic outcome of @entity438 treated with Matrix detachable coils in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolide']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm recurrences', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysmal recurrence rate', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm recurrence']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multifocal @entity5 areas occurred in 12-22% of @entity1 with @entity1358 . It is unknown whether these @entity5 have malignant potential and characterize a higher risk for @entity3 . The performance of nephron-sparing surgery in @entity1 with low grade or low stage @entity5 is controversial. METHODS: Primary and secondary @entity5 were analyzed by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Production of @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity4382 , and @entity2533 were determined using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioassays. RESULTS: In 15.2% of the @entity1358 cases evaluated, multifocal @entity5 were detected. Cytogenetics revealed a concordance of primary and secondary @entity5 in 9 of 14 cases (64%). In 11 of 12 multifocal @entity5 (94%), the same immunologic activity status was observed in both primary and secondary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 must be expected to have malignant potential similar to that of the @entity5 . This was underscored by the high concordance of cytogenetic, histopathologic, and immunologic data in this study.

title: Cytogenetic, histopathologic, and immunologic studies of multifocal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Secondary tumors', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity259 is the fastest increasing @entity5 worldwide in all age groups. @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) is the most common type of @entity259 in both adults and @entity1 . @entity3557 genomic landscape has been extensively studied in adults, but information regarding sporadic pediatric @entity1 is lacking. Although @entity817 @entity8554 mutation is highly prevalent in adults, this mutation is uncommon in pediatric cases. As adult and pediatric @entity3557 is a mitogen-activated protein kinase-driven @entity5 , this altered pathway might be activated by different genetic events. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of AGK- @entity817 fusion gene, recently described in radiation-exposed pediatric @entity3557 , in a cohort of exclusively sporadic pediatric @entity3557 . The series consisted of 30 pediatric @entity3557 younger than 18  years of age at the time of diagnosis and 15 matched lymph node metastases (LNM). @entity5 and matched LNM were screened for the presence of the AGK- @entity817 fusion transcript by RT-PCR. To confirm the identity of the amplified products, randomly selected samples positive for the presence of the fusion transcripts were sequenced. Moreover, @entity817 dual-color, break-apart probes confirmed @entity817 rearrangement. Overall, the AGK- @entity817 fusion gene was detected in 10% (3/30) of @entity5 . For one of these cases, paired LNM was also available, which also shows the presence of AGK- @entity817 fusion gene. This study described, for the first time, the presence of AGK- @entity817 in sporadic pediatric @entity3557 . Understanding the molecular events underlying pediatric @entity3557 may improve preoperative diagnosis, allow molecular prognostication and define a therapeutic approach toward sporadic @entity3557 @entity1 .

title: AGK- @entity817 gene fusion is a recurrent event in sporadic pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'Primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity150 still has a poor prognosis. While the five-year-survival in stage T1N0M0 is about 80%, less than 50% of the @entity1 in stage T2N0M0 survive 5 years. This prognosis could not be altered by a more radical operation or by radiation therapy. Therefore we started postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in 1972. First we tested the effect of three different cytostatic drug therapy schedules. Although successful treatment was achieved in several cases, there were other @entity1 who did not respond to one of the three therapy schedules. We then started applying all three schedules, one after the other, in intervals of 4 weeks. Therapeutic procedure now is: After diagnosis by cystoscopy and histology and @entity2802 -classification, urologic therapy is performed (electroresection, cystectomy, etc.). Then in stage T2-4N0-1M0-1 postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy follows. Thus far, we have achieved complete remission in all @entity1 except one (after radiation therapy). No definite comments as to survival can be made at this time.

title: [Differential therapy of advanced XXXX and of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: 1. The time course of the effect of chronic administration of @entity1286 on the activity of @entity842 synthase ( @entity17693 ) in the brain regions and spinal cord of the @entity19 was determined. The effect of @entity836 by itself on the @entity17693 activity and that induced by @entity1286 also were determined. 2. Male Swiss Webster @entity19 were implanted subcutaneously with a pellet containing 25 mg of @entity1286 free base for 4 days. Placebo pellet implanted @entity19 served as controls. 3. Twenty-four hours after treatment with @entity1286 , @entity17693 activity decreased in the cerebellum, midbrain, cortex and remainder of the brain as well as in the spinal cord. Forty-eight and 72 hr after the treatment with @entity1286 , @entity17693 activity increased in the cerebellum and cortex, but no change was observed in the other brain regions and spinal cord. Twenty-four hours after @entity1286 pellet removal (withdrawal), @entity17693 activity in all brain regions and the spinal cord has returned to normal. 4. Implantation of a pellet containing 10 mg of @entity836 did not alter @entity17693 activity in any brain region or spinal cord for 24, 48 and 72 hr or 24 hr after removal of the pellet. 5. Implantation of a @entity836 pellet in conjunction with a @entity1286 pellet blocked the changes in @entity17693 activity in the brain region and spinal cord induced by @entity1286 . 6. It is concluded that the initial decrease in @entity17693 activity by @entity1286 may be related to enhanced motor activity, whereas the increase in @entity17693 activity in certain brain regions may be associated with tolerance-physical dependence development. Additionally, the changes in central @entity17693 activity by @entity1286 appear to be mediated by opioid receptors because they were blocked by concurrent treatment with @entity836 .

title: Time course of the changes in central @entity842 synthase activity following chronic treatment with @entity1286 in the XXXX : reversal by @entity836 .

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture is the leading cause of disability and morbidity in elderly @entity1 . Treatment of this condition remains a challenge. @entity3814 can be managed with various approaches, but each has limitations. In this study, we compared the clinical outcomes obtained using short-segment fixation with intravertebral expandable pillars (I-VEP) to those obtained with percutaneous kyphoplasty in @entity1 who had suffered @entity3814 . METHODS: The study included 46 @entity1 with single-level @entity3604 . Twenty-two @entity1 in Group I underwent short-segment fixation with I-VEP and 24 @entity1 in Group II underwent kyphoplasty. All @entity1 were evaluated pre- and postoperatively using a visual analogue scale, anterior height of the @entity174 , and kyphotic angle of the @entity174 . The latter 2 radiological parameters were measured at the adjacent segments as well. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender or fracture level, but the mean age was greater in Group II @entity1 (p = 0.008). At the 1-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in the visual analogue scale scores, anterior height of the @entity174 , or the value representing anterior height above the @entity174 and kyphotic angle below the @entity174 , after adjusting for the @entity1 ' gender, fracture level, and age. When considered separately, the anterior height below the @entity174 was significantly higher and the kyphotic angle above the @entity174 was significantly smaller in Group I than in Group II (p = 0.029 and p = 0.008, respectively). The kyphotic angle of the @entity174 was significantly smaller in Group II than in Group I (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In older individuals with @entity3814 , kyphoplasty restored and maintained the collapsed vertebral body with less @entity85 than that induced by short-segment fixation with I-VEP. Short-segment fixation with I-VEP was more effective in maintaining the integrity of adjacent segments, which prevented the domino effect often observed in @entity1 with osteoporotic kyphotic spines.

title: Reduction of the domino effect in XXXX through short-segment fixation with intravertebral expandable pillars compared to percutaneous kyphoplasty: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured vertebra']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures', 'Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: In @entity981 ( @entity981 ) the expected duration of a second @entity8168 ( @entity8168 ) following conventional aggressive multi-drug treatment is rather short, and long-term survival is rarely seen. Myeloablative consolidation treatment with ABMT in second @entity8168 is thought to benefit "high risk" @entity1 thus allowing the escalation of cytoreductive treatment into a lethal range. In three @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 bone marrow was collected in the very early second remission phase. The autografts were incubated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies bound to magnetobeads (DYNABEADS M450). The pretransplant regimen consisted of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) (14.4 Gy) and @entity786 (CY) (50 mg/kg b.w. x4). Following autologous transplantation of those immunomagnetobead purged marrow grafts, complete hematologic reconstitution was seen in all three @entity1 . They are alive and disease-free for +26, +24 and +17 months post transplant, which is also proven by the absence of detectable gene rearrangements after transplantation. In two of them disease-free survival exceeds the duration of the preceding remission y 20 and 12 months respectively, which is a definitive parameter for therapy effectiveness. Therefore, "high dose" consolidation treatment in very early second @entity8168 followed by autologous transplantation of purged bone marrow seems to allow long-term disease-free survival. The technique of ex vivo immunomagnetic bead purging, i.e. the "direct" and "indirect" method of binding monoclonal antibodies to magnetobeads is described.

title: Autologous transplantation of an immunomagnetic bead purged marrow in @entity1 with relapsed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity8168 :: ('MESH:D012075', 'Disease') :: ['CR', 'complete remission']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: @entity3089 (EGCg), a dietary @entity3978 and a major tea @entity12919 , is a known sucrase inhibitor. Since dietary pectin is known to modulate some of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, we investigated whether it could specifically affect the efficacy of EGCg on an oral @entity969 tolerance test in @entity19 . Male Crj:CD-1 (ICR) @entity19 (seven weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups and fed a 5 % apple pectin (PE) or 5 % cellulose (CE) diet (control diet) for 28 days. After the experimental diet period, all @entity19 were fasted overnight. A volume of 0.2 mL EGCg (20 mg/mL) was orally administered to all the @entity19 by stainless steel feeding needle via injection syringe and a @entity969 tolerance test was performed. The blood @entity413 levels were measured in blood collected from the tail vein using the OneTouch   Ultra   blood @entity413 monitoring system. Blood @entity413 levels at 30 minutes and 60 minutes after @entity969 loading in the PE group were significantly higher than initial blood @entity413 levels. However, blood @entity413 levels at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 120 minutes after @entity969 loading in the CE group were not significantly higher than initial blood @entity413 levels. After laparotomy, plasma lipids were also measured. Plasma @entity412 concentrations were significantly greater in the PE group than in the CE (control) group. This demonstrates that dietary pectin can affect the efficacy of EGCg on the oral @entity969 tolerance test in @entity19 .

title: Apple pectin affects the efficacy of @entity3089 on oral XXXX tolerance test in adult @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity14419 allele of the apolipoprotein gene ( @entity2204 ) is associated with a greater serum @entity165 response to dietary changes in fat and @entity165 . However, less is known about the interaction between @entity2204 polymorphism and other macronutrients in the diet. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the interaction between @entity2204 polymorphism and dietary fat and @entity1735 , particularly @entity969 , in relation to serum lipid concentrations. DESIGN: A total of 284 @entity1 and 130 @entity1 with @entity453 (mean age: 61 y; range: 33-74 y) participated in the cross-sectional EUROASPIRE study. Serum lipids and @entity1718 in @entity8557 (CEs) were measured and @entity2204 genotypes were determined. Dietary intake was examined by using a 4-d food record. RESULTS: @entity1 were grouped by @entity2204 genotype: @entity10819 and @entity42167 ; n = 21), @entity20860 ; n = 245), and @entity14419 ( @entity14419 , @entity42168 , and @entity14419 ; n = 148). @entity1 with the @entity36489 allele had lower LDL- @entity165 concentrations and tended to have higher @entity1674 concentrations than did @entity1 with the @entity30856 or @entity14419 allele; concentrations were not significantly different between the last 2 groups. In regression analysis, significant predictors of serum @entity1674 were the interaction between @entity969 intake and the @entity36489 allele, proportion of n-3 @entity1718 in CEs, body mass index, and @entity6 . A high @entity969 intake was associated with high @entity1674 concentrations only in @entity1 with the @entity36489 allele. Interaction between saturated fat intake and the @entity36489 allele, proportion of @entity4722 in CEs, and fiber intake predicted serum @entity165 . CONCLUSION: @entity453 @entity1 with the @entity36489 allele will likely have a greater @entity1674 response to high dietary @entity969 intakes than will @entity1 with the @entity30856 or @entity14419 allele.

title: @entity2204 polymorphism and the hypertriglyceridemic effect of dietary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity969 :: (MESH:D013395,Chemical) :: ['sucrose']


abstract: The clinical features of @entity378 are distinct from those of @entity1907 in some aspects. @entity3639 (SM) is claimed by some investigators that it has a tendency to promote the development of @entity850 due to scarred healing of the involved endobronchial mucosa, and, for that reason, they recommend not to use it in treatment of @entity378 . In some @entity1 with @entity1907 , who have renal or hearing disturbance, SM avoided. Yet unless SM is used improvement of @entity378 could be delayed. It is the purpose of the present investigation to point out that aerosol therapy of SM is useful for @entity1 with @entity1576 . Furthermore, we wish to demonstrate that we can safely treat the @entity1 with @entity1576 who suffer from renal function or @entity2167 by use of aerosol therapy of SM. Prior to clinical application of the inhalation therapy, we confirmed that the therapy was not harmful. Serum concentration of SM, when inhaled, was measured in 9 volunteers. Before and after administration of SM aerosol, spirograms were examined in 4 volunteers, nevertheless, no special abnormality was recognized. It seemed that serum concentration of SM after the administration was two low to evoke adverse reactions (less than 3.0 gamma). In 6 @entity1 with @entity1907 , blood gases were measured and no obvious change was observed. As a result, it was demonstrated that the endobronchial tuberculous lesions improved faster when treated by inhalation of aerosolized SM as compared with the conventional injection therapy, without evoking any apparent adverse reactions. In some of the @entity1 with @entity1907 , it seemed that the therapy was useful.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation of aerosol therapy of XXXX for @entity1907 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorder']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial tuberculosis', 'tracheobronchial tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3639 :: (MESH:D013307,Chemical) :: ['streptomycin']


abstract: The behavioral responses ofthree colonized strains of @entity2957 , two from recent field collections in Thailand (Nonthaburi and Mae Sot) and one from a long-established colony from the @entity283 ( @entity283 ), Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, were compared during and after exposure to @entity316 (0.02 g/m2), propoxur (0.2 g/m2), and @entity2960 (0.2 g/m2) using an excito-repellency escape chamber system. We observed striking differences in behavioral response and excito-repellency between mosquito strains and test compounds. Greater escape responses were observed in the @entity283 strain during direct contact with @entity316 and @entity2960 compared with the two field populations. @entity316 was the most irritant, followed by @entity2960 . Escape responses with propoxur were significantly delayed but increased slightly towards the end of the 30-min exposure period, more notably in the Nonthaburi strain (P < 0.05). Non-contact repellent responses were generally much weaker than irritancy, with the greatest escape response seen with @entity283 and Nonthaburi. @entity316 showed the weakest repellent response overall (< 10% escape), while propoxur again demonstrated a delayed effect ( @entity283 and Mae Sot) before escape occurred. We conclude that irritant and repellent behavioral responses by Cx. quinquefasciatus are important components for assessing the impact of residual spraying in mosquito control programs. A better understanding of chemical properties that elicit behavioral responses in mosquitoes should be considered in formulating control strategies designed to control mosquitoes or mitigate disease transmission risk.

title: Susceptibility and avoidance behavior by XXXX Say to three classes of residual insecticides.

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin', 'Deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']

entities_list: @entity2960 :: ('MESH:D005278', 'Chemical') :: ['fenitrothion']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NIH', 'National Institute of Health']

answer: @entity2957 :: (7176,Species) :: ['Culex quinquefasciatus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic @entity101 induces @entity299 . OW1 is a novel @entity21855 derivative that was previously reported to inhibit vascular remodeling and improve kidney function affected by @entity101 . In the present study, the effect of OW1 on the @entity299 induced by @entity101 was investigated. OW1 inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and the phenotypic modulation of VSMCs induced by @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ). The OW1-induced vasodilatation of @entity35 cardiac arteries was evaluated in vitro. Renovascular @entity101 @entity35 were developed using the two-kidney one-clip method and treated with OW1 (40 or 80 mg/kg/day) or @entity594 (30 mg/kg per day) for 5 weeks. OW1 markedly reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with that in the @entity101 group or the respective baseline value during the first week. OW1 also reduced cardiac weight, and the concentrations of @entity1808 , @entity1369 and @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ). Histological examination demonstrated that OW1 exerted an inhibitory effect on @entity299 . These inhibitory effects were associated with decreased cardiac levels of @entity1808 , matrix metalloproteinase-2 and @entity1810 in the @entity101 @entity35 . In summary, OW1 exhibited a clear antihypertensive effect. More importantly, it inhibited vascular and @entity65 , which may reduce the risk of @entity101 -induced @entity65 . These results have potential implications in the development of new antihypertensive drugs.

title: @entity21855 derivative OW1 inhibits the upregulation of @entity1810 and MMP-2 in renovascular hypertension-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity21855 :: ('MESH:C031534', 'Chemical') :: ['imperatorin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['vascular and cardiac remodeling', 'cardiac remodeling']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular remodeling']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac remodeling']


abstract: The Gynecologic Oncology Group initiated a series of phase II trials of @entity1260 /mesna in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent @entity5 in July 1985. Previously untreated @entity1 received @entity1260 , 1.5 g/m2/d, intravenously (IV) for five days. Mesna was given IV in three doses every four hours after @entity1260 ; each dose was 20% of the daily @entity1260 dose (ie, 300 mg/m2). All @entity1 with ovarian and 87% of those with @entity5 had undergone @entity902 -based therapy previously. Because of the @entity137 encountered in previously treated @entity43 @entity1 , the dose of @entity1260 was reduced to 1.2 g/m2/d in @entity1 who had received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy. @entity43 , responses were observed in eight (21.6%) of 37 evaluable @entity1 with three (8.1%) complete responses. Response duration was 2.1 to 20.3+ months with a median of 6.9+ months. In @entity957 of the cervix, three (11.1%) of 27 evaluable @entity1 had partial responses of 1.8, 2.2, and 3.1 months' duration. Of 29 untreated @entity1 with mixed @entity5 of the uterus, five (17.9%) had complete and four (14.3%) had partial responses for an overall response rate of 32.2%. Response duration was 1.4+ to 8.6 months with a median of 3.8 months. @entity137 included two deaths from @entity177 and a third related to @entity16 . @entity1503 was manageable. @entity1260 /mesna has activity in a wide range of @entity5 .

title: Phase II experience with @entity1260 /mesna in XXXX : preliminary report of Gynecologic Oncology Group studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['In epithelial ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'gynecologic malignancies', 'mesodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['gynecologic malignancies']


abstract: Data from an earlier paper reporting on a study comparing conventional medical follow-up with nurse specialist follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2 demonstrated that follow-up by nurse specialists is safe, effective and can lead to greater levels of @entity1 satisfaction. The process and experience of developing a nurse specialist role in @entity2 follow-up care has not yet been described. The aims of this paper are to describe the preparation and development of a model of nurse led follow-up care, identify key nursing interventions provided within nurse led follow-up care and provide insights into the experiences of nurse specialists providing follow-up care. Data were collected from nurse specialists' @entity1 case-records and from meetings held with the study team. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the nurse specialists providing follow-up care and the study coordinators. The nature of the nursing role in @entity2 follow-up care is described. In addition, four themes relating to the process of developing a nurse led follow-up role are identified. These are: 'training', 'becoming credible', 'emotional burden' and 'making a difference'. Managing follow-up care for @entity1 with @entity2 can be rewarding for nurse specialists. However, it can also be emotionally demanding. Training and support for such roles is vital and requires further in-depth research.

title: Nurse specialist led follow-up in XXXX : The experience of developing and delivering a new model of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between individual nephrometry score (NS) constituents (RENAL) on perioperative outcomes and renal function of the surgical kidney in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-five @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy or robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy between 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Each renal mass' NS was calculated from preoperative computed tomography imaging. Multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of NS variables on perioperative outcomes and change in overall renal function (as estimated by glomerular filtration rate) from preoperative to 1-year postoperative. A cohort analysis assessed the effect of NS variables on change in split renal function of the surgical kidney from pre- to postoperative based on nuclear medicine renal scintigraphy. RESULTS: @entity5 radius (R), endophytic nature (E), and nearness to collecting system (N) variables significantly and incrementally predicted a longer operative time and warm @entity63 time. Overall renal function based on glomerular filtration rate was not affected by any NS variable. However, percent function of the surgical kidney by renal scintigraphy significantly decreased postoperatively as R and E values increased. CONCLUSION: R, E, and N were associated with significant changes in warm @entity63 time and operative time. R and E were associated with a significant decrease in split renal function of the surgical kidney at 1 year after surgery but not with overall renal function. R, E, and N are the NS constituents most relevant to perioperative outcomes and postoperative differential renal function after partial nephrectomy.

title: Value of Nephrometry Score Constituents on Perioperative Outcomes and Split Renal Function in XXXX Undergoing Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many surgeons feel comfortable performing antireflux surgery (ARS) on the basis of symptomatic evaluation, endoscopy, and barium esophagography. While esophageal manometry is often obtained to assess esophageal peristalsis, pH monitoring is rarely considered necessary to confirm the diagnosis of @entity354 ( @entity354 ). AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of symptoms, endoscopy, barium esophagography, and manometry as compared to pH monitoring in the preoperative evaluation of @entity1 for ARS. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight @entity1 were referred for ARS with a diagnosis of @entity354 based on symptoms, endoscopy, and/or barium esophagography. Barium esophagography, esophageal manometry, and ambulatory 24-h pH monitoring were performed preoperatively in every @entity1 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 were found to have @entity1318 and were excluded from the analysis. Based on the presence or absence of @entity354 on pH monitoring, the remaining 134 @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity354 + (n   =   78, 58  %) and @entity354 - (n   =   56, 42  %). The groups were compared with respect to the incidence of symptoms, presence of reflux and @entity357 on esophagogram, endoscopic findings, and esophageal motility. There was no difference in the incidence of symptoms between the two groups. Within the @entity354 + group, 37 @entity1 (47  %) had reflux at the esophagogram and 41 (53  %) had no reflux. Among the @entity354 - @entity1 , 17 (30  %) had reflux and 39 (70  %) had no reflux. @entity357 was present in 40 and 32  % of @entity1 , respectively. @entity2910 was found at endoscopy in 16  % of @entity354 + @entity1 and in 20  % of @entity354 - @entity1 . Esophageal manometry showed no difference in the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter or quality of peristalsis between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that (a) symptoms were unreliable in diagnosing @entity354 , (b) the presence of reflux or @entity357 on esophagogram did not correlate with reflux on pH monitoring, (c) @entity2910 on endoscopy had low sensitivity and specificity, and (d) manometry was mostly useful for positioning the pH probe and rule out @entity1318 . Ambulatory 24-h pH monitoring should be routinely performed in the preoperative work-up of @entity1 suspected of having @entity354 in order to avoid unnecessary ARS.

title: XXXX and antireflux surgery-what is the proper preoperative work-up?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['A hiatal hernia', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: The differential distribution of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), @entity492 ( @entity2574 ), @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ), @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) and @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) was investigated in the cat's perihypoglossal nuclei. Serial semi-thin (0.5 micron) sections through the perihypoglossal nuclei were incubated with antisera raised against the mentioned @entity1522 with the aim of studying possible co-localization. In each experiment different measures were undertaken in order to screen for possible cross-reactivities, and all sections were processed together with test conjugates in order to ascertain the specificity of the antisera used. A very high proportion of the neurons in the perihypoglossal nuclei (about 90%) shows strong immunostaining for @entity2574 and also displays distinct immunoreactivity for @entity367 in neighbouring sections. About 25% of the cells in the perihypoglossal nuclei are intensely immunostained for @entity4022 , but very few cells show immunoreactivity for @entity1246 . Only glial cells appear to be immunostained for Tau. Neurons that are @entity4022 (+) also display @entity367 and @entity2574 immunoreactivities. The neuropil of the perihypoglossal nuclei shows a high density of @entity1246 (+), @entity4022 (+) and @entity367 (+) puncta mainly representing stained axons and terminals. Fewer @entity2574 (+) puncta and very few Tau(+) nerve @entity38502 are seen. Details of the regional distribution of immunopositive neurons and puncta within the perihypoglossal nuclei are described. The findings are discussed with particular reference to the possible role of the mentioned @entity1522 as transmitter substances in the known synaptic circuitry of the perihypoglossal nuclei.

title: @entity1246 , @entity2228 , XXXX , @entity492 and @entity2226 in the perihypoglossal nuclei: an immunocytochemical investigation in the cat with particular reference to the issue of amino acid colocalization.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity38502 :: ('MESH:C566703', 'Disease') :: ['terminal-like puncta']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: In the @entity1 born with @entity10145 , the management of @entity85 , @entity66 poses several problems to the orthopedist. A clinical evaluation was undertaken on 17 @entity1 and available parents in an effort to define better the heredity and proper management of this disorder. Flexion contractures of the hips and knees adversely affect ambulation potential and are rather resistant to standard treatment. The presence of protective sensation and proprioception, though, warrants aggressive attempts at correction, Subtrochanteric amputations are not necessary to achieve a functional ambulator. @entity530 does not preclude functional ambulation. In fact, there may be some benefit in maintaining motion in this region. Abolishment of spinal-pelvic motion by surgical fusion in the presence of @entity7032 could impair sitting ability and the ability to walk upright. @entity154 in the remainder of the spine, including the neck, occurred in 12 @entity1 . Four @entity1 had @entity3762 . Only one @entity1 had a normal spin above the level of agenesis. From an analysis of families, there was no obvious genetic association. Finally, the high frequency of multisystem associated @entity854 will necessitate a team approach to these @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a clinical evaluation of its management, heredity, and associated anomalies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital vertebral anomalies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal and multisystem abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity7032 :: ('MESH:D006616', 'Disease') :: ['hip contractures']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal-pelvic instability']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['congential abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogrypotic-like deformities']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic-like curves']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['sacral agenesis']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['Sacral agenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been previously reported that the efficacy of class I antiarrhythmics in preventing the recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is limited when @entity955 lasts for 48 h or more. However, it is unclear whether the efficacy of @entity2643 , a class III drug, is superior to class I antiarrhythmics in @entity1 with long-lasting @entity955 . METHOD AND RESULTS: The relationship between the duration of @entity591 and the efficacy of @entity2643 in preventing recurrence of @entity591 was examined in 55 @entity1 (37 @entity1 , 18 @entity1 , mean age 68+/-9 years) to whom @entity2643 was administered after electrical or pharmacological cardioversion for paroxysmal and persistent @entity955 . In 26 @entity1 , paroxysmal and persistent @entity955 ceased within 48 h after onset (Group A), and in the other 29 @entity1 , it ceased after 48 h (Group B). @entity1 characteristics and actuarial recurrence-free rates were compared between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up period was 30+/-11 months. No statistically significant difference between the groups was found in @entity1 characteristics. Actuarial recurrence-free rates in Group A and B at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 100%, 81%, 69%, 62%, and 54%, and 93%, 79%, 66%, 52%, and 48%, respectively (p=NS at 12 months). The period of maintenance of sinus rhythm was 14.7+/-3.2 months in group A and 13.3+/-3.3 months in group B (mean+/-SE, p=NS). CONCLUSION: In the case of @entity2643 , efficacy for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of @entity955 was not biased by the duration of @entity943 . This observation suggests @entity2643 is effective in maintaining normal sinus rhythm after cardioversion, even in @entity1 with long-lasting @entity955 and electrical atrial remodeling.

title: Efficacy of @entity2643 for preventing the recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent XXXX after cardioversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of @entity3591 and @entity917 in African-American @entity1 with @entity101 using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover comparison study. SETTING: University-affiliated cardiac center clinic. @entity1 : Twenty African-Americans (12 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ), with a history of uncomplicated @entity101 (blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity3591 5 or 10 mg/day or @entity917 80 or 160 mg/day for 8-10 weeks, depending on response. Dosages were titrated to achieve a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or below. For @entity1 whose blood pressures were not controlled, @entity918 12.5 mg/day was added to their regimens. @entity1 then underwent 24-hour ABPM. After an intervening washout period during which baseline blood pressure was reestablished, @entity1 received the other treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Mean +/- SD baseline blood pressure before the two ABPM periods were 155 +/- 12/100 +/- 8 mm Hg and 156 +/- 11/101 +/- 9 mm Hg, respectively. Fifteen (75%) @entity1 achieved goal blood pressure with @entity3591 and 14 (70%) with @entity917 (p=0.62). Final daily dosages were as follows: @entity3591 5 mg in nine @entity1 , 10 mg in five @entity1 , and 10 mg plus @entity918 in six @entity1 ; @entity917 80 mg in nine @entity1 , 160 mg in four @entity1 , and 160 mg plus @entity918 in seven @entity1 . Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was not completed in three @entity1 due to adverse effects: @entity10 and @entity1296 (one @entity1 each, @entity3591 and @entity917 ) and @entity4144 (one @entity1 , @entity917 ). Four @entity1 (20%) in each treatment group had drug-related adverse effects. Results of ABPM including averages for 24-hour, daytime, nighttime, first 4 hours, and last 8 hours, and trough:peak ratios were not significantly different between the @entity3591 - and @entity917 -based treatments. CONCLUSION: Based on both clinic blood pressure measurements and ABPM data, @entity3591 and @entity917 produced similar reductions in blood pressure in African-American @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity101 .

title: Randomized, double-blind, crossover comparison of XXXX and @entity917 in african-americans with @entity101 using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: Three cases of esophageal @entity30 ( @entity30 ) are described, each with @entity1282 and/or odynophagia caused by esophageal ulceration. All three @entity1 had associated @entity30 . One @entity1 followed for a prolonged period responded to treatment with @entity3378 and @entity229 . A computer search back to 1967 produced 72 additional cases of esophageal @entity30 . Among these 75 @entity1 (total), who were, on average, 34 years old, @entity1208 was the presenting disease symptom in 41 @entity1 (55%). The diagnosis was difficult in 13 @entity1 , in whom no @entity29 was detected at the time of initial esophageal presentation. The most common presentation was @entity1282 associated with aphthous or deeper @entity1066 (52 @entity1 ). In 11 of these @entity1 , @entity7809 were also present. @entity3332 or @entity292 to surrounding structures were present in 27 @entity1 and led to surgery in 17 @entity1 . Most of the unfavourable outcomes were in this group of 27 @entity1 with esophageal complications, including five @entity204 . Fourteen additional @entity1 required surgery for @entity30 of other areas. Responses of uncomplicated ulcerative disease of the esophagus tended to be favourable if the medical regimen included @entity229 . Clinical patterns of esophageal @entity30 were divided into three categories: ulcerative, stenosing and asymptomatic ( @entity697 in @entity1 ).

title: XXXX of the esophagus: Three cases and a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['oral aphthous ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['distal bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'ileocolitis', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disparities in @entity0 screening (BCS) exist within the United States. Although such factors as a @entity1 's income and insurance status explain some differences, additional contributions related to local healthcare system characteristics or the social and economic context in which @entity1 live have not been fully explored. METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional survey of Ohio residents, we assessed BCS in a state-representative sample of 2231 @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 69 years. Urbanization, the proportion of female-headed households (FHH), managed care activity, the number of primary care physicians (PCPs) per capita, and county designation as being medically underserved represented some of the contextual characteristics we examined. Using nested hierarchical logistic regression models, we evaluated the association of these characteristics with BCS before and after adjusting for respondents' characteristics. RESULTS: The proportion of age-eligible @entity1 screened for @entity0 was 61.9% (n = 1383); county screening rates varied from 12.9% to 100% (mean 60.3%). Failure to complete high school, lower family income, and absence of continuous insurance, a usual source of care, or current employment were associated with lower BCS. After accounting for these characteristics, per capita PCPs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.05 (1.01, 1.10), p = 0.02) and the proportion of FHH (AOR 0.66 (0.44, 0.99), p = 0.045) remained independently associated with BCS. CONCLUSIONS: Contextual characteristics independently associated with BCS identify areas in which @entity1 are at increased risk for delayed @entity0 . The approach described here can inform the planning phase of regional, state, or federal initiatives to enhance BCS and reduce subsequent disparities in treatment outcomes.

title: Association of contextual factors and XXXX screening: finding new targets to promote early detection.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer diagnosis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity245 of the thyroid gland are the most frequent causes of permanent @entity6750 . This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological features of @entity1 with @entity16490 ( @entity16490 ). METHODS: Medical records of 234 @entity1 with @entity16490 followed between the years 2008 and 2010 were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography. RESULTS: Of 234 @entity1 , 120 (51.3%) were male and 114 (48.7%) were female. Male to female ratio was 1.08 and there were no significant differences in epidemiologic and clinical findings between @entity1 and @entity1 . One hundred eighty-three @entity1 (78.2%) were diagnosed as @entity509 , 35 (14.9%) as @entity16490 , 4 as @entity16490 and 12 as hemiagenesis. The mean maternal age of the group was 28.9    0.4 years (range 18 to 45 years), which is significantly higher than the recently reported mean maternal ages for Turkish @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Advanced maternal age was more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity16490 . Our clinical and epidemiologic findings suggested no evidence of sexual dimorphism.

title: XXXX of the thyroid gland: relationship with advanced maternal age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysgenesis', 'TD', 'thyroid agenesis', 'ectopic thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['Developmental defects']


abstract: Using a gerbil model of severe, temporary focal @entity63 (3 h unilateral @entity432 ), preliminary experiments identified an involvement of neutrophils in the reperfusion injury to the @entity63 hemisphere. The present experiments were designed to (1) quantitate the temporal accumulation of neutrophils in the gerbil model, (2) determine if @entity786 -induced @entity1398 provided cytoprotection to the @entity63 hemisphere, and (3) attempt to correlate the cytoprotective efficacy of @entity18651 with possible effects on postischemic neutrophil accumulation. Following 3 h of unilateral @entity432 , animals were collected at increasing times of reperfusion and the CA1 region of the hippocampus and the lateral cortex were assessed for @entity528 using a semiquantitative index (N.D.I.) of 0 (no damage) to 4 (>75% neuronal loss). The extent of neutrophil accumulation was determined by counting intensely cytochrome oxidase-positive cells. Minimal @entity528 was evident after 2 h of reperfusion, mean N.D.I. = 0.36. However, between 2 and 4 h of reperfusion, @entity528 did not increase. By 6 h of reperfusion, the @entity528 began to proceed at an accelerated rate, N.D.I. = 0.78. By 12 h, the N.D.I. reached 3.20. The accelerated @entity528 coincided with parenchymal invasion of neutrophils. @entity786 administration delayed @entity528 in the hippocampus, but exhibited a more sustained protective effect in the lateral cortex. Administration of @entity18651 also resulted in a significant reduction in neutrophil accumulation and significant neuronal protection in both brain areas. Thus, in this gerbil model of transient, but prolonged focal @entity2806 , neutrophils appear to play an active role in the reperfusion injury to brain tissue. Our experiments confirm the previously demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy of @entity18651 in this model and provide evidence for a similar protective effect of @entity786 . Although other effects of this antioxidant are also thought to contribute to the overall efficacy, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that one mechanism by which tirilazad acts involves limiting the ability of neutrophils to participate in the reperfusion phase of @entity2806 .

title: @entity786 is neuroprotective in a gerbil model of transient severe focal @entity2806 : correlation with effects of XXXX ( @entity18651 ).

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity18651 :: ('MESH:C053355', 'Chemical') :: ['tirilazad mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic neuronal damage', 'neuronal death']

answer: @entity18651 :: (MESH:C053355,Chemical) :: ['tirilazad mesylate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate psychometric assessment of Stunkard @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) for Brazilian male population. METHODS: The sample was composed of a control group (94 students) and a clinical group (20 eating disordered @entity1 ). Two questionnaires were applied: the @entity1168 and the Eating Attitudes Questionnaire-26. Weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were collected in the control group (self-reported) and clinical group (measured). @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ) was calculated by subtraction of ideal body (IB) from the current body (CB) score. The concurrent validity was assessed through the analysis of the correlation between the CB and @entity1053 scores and the BMI and the body weight. The discriminant validity was achieved by measurements of association between the groups studied and the scales CB, IB and @entity1053 . Reliability was assessed by the comparison of the score averages at two moments and by the intraclass coefficient correlation. RESULTS: The questionnaire had a correlation higher than 0.67 for the measures of weight and BMI. Regarding the CB, IB and @entity1053 scores, a significant difference was not observed between the clinical and the control group. There was no difference between the scores for @entity1053 at the two moments analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1168 is stable and capable of correlating with anthropometric measures. Nevertheless, for this population the questionnaire was unable to distinguish between the two groups analyzed.

title: Stunkard XXXX for Brazilian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Body dissatisfaction', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Figure Rating Scale', 'FRS']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Figure Rating Scale']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy of @entity5616 with that of @entity5616 plus @entity2390 in the treatment of @entity360 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, open study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Upper GI endoscopy was carried out during the first 24 hours in all @entity1 with @entity360 who had been admitted within a period of 18 months. @entity1 with @entity548 , and those who had undergone any type of gastric operation, were excluded. Eighty-four @entity1 (58 @entity1 and 26 @entity1 ) aged 21-92 years (mean age: 61.2 +/- 15.0 SD) were included. @entity1 were randomised to receive @entity5616 50 mg tid intravenously alone (Group A: 44 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ), or in combination with @entity2390 100 micrograms tid subcutaneously, the second drug given for three days only (Group B: 40 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 ). The study end-points were discharge without operation, emergency surgical intervention or death. The number of blood units given and the days of hospitalization were also recorded. RESULTS: @entity117 and non-aspirin NSAID use before @entity548 was reported by 16/44 (36%) @entity1 in Group A and by 19/40 (47.5%) @entity1 in Group B (p = 0.38, OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.26-1.51). The endoscopically detected pathology and @entity548 stigmata did not differ between the groups (p = 0.86, p = 0.64, OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.3-1.99, respectively). Mean use of blood units (p = 0.16) and days of hospitalization (p = 0.25) did not differ. Three @entity1 in Group A (6.8%) and three in Group B (7.5%) required surgical intervention (p = 1.0, OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.21-5.84). CONCLUSION: @entity5616 plus subcutaneous @entity2390 is not superior to @entity5616 alone in the management of @entity1 with @entity360 .

title: @entity5616 versus XXXX plus @entity2390 in the treatment of @entity360 : a prospective randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine', 'Ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['non-variceal upper gastrointestinal (UGI) bleeding', 'acute non-variceal UGI bleeding', 'UGI bleeding']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The diagnosis and quantification of @entity455 in @entity303 is difficult. The assessment of @entity6249 requires expensive and sophisticated nuclear medicine techniques. This study was performed to identify @entity455 related to the integrity of cerebral microcirculation by sonographic measurements (arteriovenous cerebral transit time [cTT]). METHODS: We performed transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in 40 @entity1 with @entity1294 , 20 @entity1 with @entity195 or @entity1832 , and 25 age-matched controls. The clinical diagnosis was established by history of @entity303 and neuroimaging findings. @entity73 was assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination and @entity195 Assessment Scale. cTT is defined as the time required by an ultrasound contrast agent to pass from a cerebral artery to a vein. This was measured by recording the power-Doppler intensity curves in the P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery and the vein of Galen. Previous studies have shown a prolongation of cTT in @entity1 with @entity455 . RESULTS: cTT was substantially prolonged in @entity1 with @entity1294 (5.8 seconds; 25th percentile 4.5; 75th percentile 7.5; U test, P<0.001) compared with controls (3.1 seconds; 2.3; 3.4) but not in @entity1 with degenerative @entity303 (3.7 seconds; 3.7; 4.2). In @entity1 with @entity1294 , cTT was significantly correlated with @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: cTT may be useful tool to disclose @entity6249 in demented @entity1 . Examination is noninvasive and quickly performed. It may be also useful in follow-up examinations in @entity1 undergoing therapy.

title: Diagnostic impact of cerebral transit time in the identification of @entity455 in XXXX : A transcranial ultrasound study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy', 'cerebral microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body disease']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both major @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are prevalent among @entity1 of reproductive age. Our objective was to determine whether a medical history of @entity308 is related to subsequent development of @entity6 . METHODS: The Consortium on Safe Labor was a US retrospective cohort study of 228,562 births between 2002 and 2008. Exclusion criteria for the present analysis included @entity6677 pregnancies (n   =   5059), pre-existing @entity6 (n   =   12,771), deliveries <24 weeks (n   =   395), site @entity6 prevalence (<1%) (n   =   20,   721) and missing data on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (n   =   61,321). Using generalised estimating equations, we estimated the association between a history of @entity308 and a pregnancy complicated by @entity6 . RESULTS: The final analytic population included 121,   260 @entity1 contributing 128   295 pregnancies, of which 5606 were affected by @entity6 . A history of @entity308 was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing @entity6 (multivariate odds ratio [aOR]   =   1.42 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26, 1.60]). Adjusting for pre-pregnancy BMI and @entity1017 during pregnancy attenuated the association, although it remained statistically significant (aOR   =   1.17 [95% CI 1.03, 1.33]). CONCLUSIONS: A history of @entity308 was significantly associated with an increased @entity6 risk among a large multi-ethnic US cohort of @entity1 . If the association is confirmed, @entity308 presents a potentially modifiable risk factor of @entity6 and provides additional clues to the underlying pathophysiology of @entity6 .

title: The association between a medical history of XXXX in a large multi-ethnic cohort in the United States.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gestation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['depression and gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression and gestational diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase ( @entity24154 ), the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, is reduced in expression in certain @entity5 where it has been hypothesized to act as a @entity5 suppressor, including in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Here we report functional evidence supporting this hypothesis, providing a preclinical rationale to develop @entity24154 as a therapeutic target for @entity157 treatment. Three independent cohorts totaling 594 cases of @entity157 were analyzed to address clinical significance. Lower @entity24154 expression associated with advanced @entity5 stage, poor overall survival and higher @entity5 recurrence rates. In @entity157 cell lines, where endogenous @entity24154 expression is low, engineering its ectopic overexpression inhibited @entity5 growth and intracellular @entity413 uptake by reducing aerobic glycolysis. In @entity1 specimens, promoter methylation and copy number loss of @entity24154 were independently associated with decreased @entity24154 expression. Similarly, @entity24154 downregulation in @entity157 cell lines was also associated with copy number loss. @entity157 specimens exhibiting low expression of @entity24154 had a highly malignant phenotype, including large @entity5 size, poor differentiation, impaired gluconeogenesis and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. The effects of @entity24154 expression on prognosis and @entity413 metabolism were confirmed by gene set enrichment analysis. Overall, our findings established that @entity24154 downregulation in @entity157 contributed to @entity5 progression and poor prognosis by altering @entity413 metabolism, and they rationalize further study of @entity24154 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in @entity157 @entity1 .

title: Decreased Expression of Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase Associates with @entity413 Metabolism and Tumor Progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: Chemicals having a capacity to disturb the endocrine system have attracted considerable interest during recent years. There is a shortage of well-characterized in vivo tests with which to study such disturbances in different classes of vertebrates. In the present study, test end points related to reproduction in the @entity5872 were used to examine the estrogenic activity of chemicals. The synthetic estrogens @entity2082 ( @entity7869 ) and @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), used as model compounds, were injected into the yolk of embryonated eggs. After the birds had been raised to sexual maturity, we examined @entity146 , plasma @entity251 concentrations, and testis morphology in adult males. The lowest doses resulting in a significantly depressed male @entity146 were 6 ng/g egg for EE(2) and 19 ng/g egg for DES. Testis weight asymmetry was increased at 6 ng EE(2)/g egg, but DES had no effect at any treatment level. The area of the @entity342 -dependent cloacal gland was significantly reduced at 57 ng DES/g egg. No effects on plasma @entity251 concentration or body weight following exposure to EE(2) or DES were observed at any dose level. @entity308 @entity146 was the most sensitive of the end points studied, and we suggest that this ecologically relevant end point be included in avian in vivo testing for neuroendocrine disruptors.

title: Sexual behavior in @entity5872 as a test end point for endocrine disruption: effects of in ovo exposure to XXXX and @entity4742 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed male']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: @entity1301 (NP), a kind of environmental chemical, is thought to imitate endogenous hormones, inhibit the actions of hormones, and induce @entity854 . A number of experimental animals, usually @entity35 , have been used to evaluate the potential reproductive toxicity of NP. However, the findings of previous studies were contradictory in some cases. Therefore, we used ICR @entity19 as a biomodel for in utero study of NP. After mating, 8- to 12-week-old females were assigned to four groups (n=8) for subcutaneous injections from day 5 to 20 of gestation. Group I animals received @entity4336 oil alone as a control, while the @entity19 of groups II, III and IV received NP at concentrations of 1/1000, 1/100 and 1/10 of the LD(50), respectively. A dose-dependent decrease was observed in terminal body weights of males of the F1 generation; however, a very small negative effect was only found in the females of the @entity37595 group. No significant effect was found on the liver weights of both sexes. The weights of the testis and epididymis were slightly decreased in the @entity37595 group. The @entity37596 treatment increased ovary weight considerably. The uterus weight tended to be increased in the NP treatment groups; however, there were large variations. The gestational exposure of the groups had no significant effect on the rate of pregnancy (94.4-100%) and the number of fetuses per litter (13.6-14.3 males, 12.3-13.7 females) compared with the control group. However, the overall mortality of fetuses/embryos was increased considerably in the @entity37596 (male: 13.9%) and @entity37595 (female: 9.8%) groups. These results suggest that exposure to NP in utero possibly affects the body weight and some reproductive organ weights, but does not influence the potential fertility of the F1 generation.

title: Effect of gestational exposure to XXXX on the development and fertility of @entity19 offspring.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1301 :: ('MESH:C025256', 'Chemical') :: ['Nonylphenol']

answer: @entity1301 :: (MESH:C025256,Chemical) :: ['nonylphenol']


abstract: 1. An isolated gastric mucosal preparation from the @entity235 stomach which is capable of acid secretion is described. Average values for normal resting potential difference (p.d.) was 49 +/- 2 mV (mucosal side negative with respect to the serosal side), short-circuit current (Isc) was 172 +/- 4 muA and resistance (R) was 285 +/- 6 omega.cm2. Low rates of spontaneous acid secretion (0-0.58 muequiv/cm2.hr) were present initially but following short-circuiting of the tissue these values decreased to low levels (less than 0.1 muequiv/cm2.hr) within an hour. 2. @entity112 in doses exceeding 10(-6)M stimulated acid secretion, increased Isc and decreased R. Concentrations ranging from 10(-5) to 8 X 10(-4)M produced maximal secretion. The maximal secretory rate achieved was 4.24 +/- 0.35 muequiv/cm2.hr. 3. @entity10026 (10(-8)M) and @entity934 (10(-6)--10(-5)M) also stimulated acid secretion with a lower maximal secretion as compared to @entity112 stimulation. These concentrations of @entity10026 and @entity934 did not alter @entity112 stimulated acid secretion. Higher concentrations of @entity10026 (10(-6)M) and @entity934 (10(-4) M) reversibly inhibited acid secretion of @entity112 stimulated mucosa. 4. These results demonstrate that there are many similarities between in vitro and in vivo findings on the @entity235 stomach, indicating the great potential of the in vitro @entity235 gastric mucosa for studies on the mechanism of action and interaction of gastric secretagogues.

title: Acid secretion by isolated XXXX gastric mucosa.

entities_list: @entity10026 :: ('MESH:D010418', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentagastrin', 'pentagastrin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of @entity620 , @entity1068 and @entity1324 on microtensile bond strength between fiber posts pre-treated with @entity273 and composite resin cores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty four fiber posts were pre-treated with 24% @entity273 and divided into 4 groups as follows: G1: no treatment, as control group; G2: treatment with 10% @entity620 solution for 5 minutes; G3: treatment with 70% @entity1068 solution for 5 minutes; and G4: treatment with 70% @entity1324 solution for 5 minutes. Each fiber post was surrounded by a cylinder-shaped polyglass matrix which was subsequently filled with composite resin. Two sections from each sample were selected for microtensile test at a crosshead with speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey HSD test. Fractured surfaces were observed under a stereomicroscope at *20 magnification. The fractured surfaces of the specimens were observed and evaluated under a SEM. RESULTS: MEANS OF MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH VALUES (MPA) AND STANDARD DEVIATIONS IN THE GROUPS WERE AS FOLLOWS: G1: 9.70  0.81; G2: 12.62  1.80; G3: 16.60  1.93; and G4: 21.24  1.95. G4 and G1 had the highest and the lowest bond strength values, respectively. A greater bond strength value was seen in G3 compared to G2. There were significant differences between all the groups (P<.001). All the failures were of the adhesive mode. CONCLUSION: Application of antioxidant agents may increase microtensile bond strength between fiber posts treated with @entity273 and composite cores. @entity1324 increased bond strength more than @entity620 and @entity1068 .

title: Effect of @entity620 , @entity1068 and XXXX on adhesion between the treated fiber posts and composite resin cores.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1324 :: ('MESH:D000096', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetone', 'acetone']

answer: @entity1324 :: (MESH:D000096,Chemical) :: ['acetone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the crucial issues that arise for psychiatrists and other physicians when dealing with @entity717 in their @entity1 with @entity308 and to suggest practical strategies for responding more effectively to the challenges of this aspect of @entity1 functioning. METHOD: We identify fundamental concepts in the @entity717 domain and draw crucial distinctions. The wider context for @entity717 is articulated, involving the workplace environment and the disability insurance industry. Research with direct relevance to clinical decision making in this area is highlighted. We make pragmatic suggestions for effective management of @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity308 . RESULTS: To successfully manage issues of @entity717 , psychiatrists and other physicians must understand the distinction between @entity717 . To make this decision fairly and accurately, the adjudicator requires particular types of information from the physician, with requirements varying across short-term or long-term disability claims; failing to provide relevant information may cause substantial stress or financial harm to the @entity1 . Balanced and collaborative decision making regarding whether and for how long to take work absence will greatly help to maintain occupational function in the long-term. Realistic expectations and support of the @entity1 's sense of personal competence foster recovery of occupational function. CONCLUSION: Management of @entity308 -related disability is challenging. Thoughtful evaluation of the @entity1 's functional status, careful response to the requirements of disability determination, and a focus on functional recovery yield substantial benefits.

title: Managing @entity308 -related XXXX : a pragmatic approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disability', 'impairment and disability']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['occupational disability']