abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 that often include angiogenesis as a key clinical and pathological hallmark. As the transcription factor @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) has been identified as a key promoter of angiogenesis, @entity2451 inhibitors could serve as potential anti-angiogenic agents. In this study, we tested the anti-angiogenic properties of @entity13373 ( @entity14568 ), a @entity2451 inhibitor, using established in vitro and ex vivo assays in @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and @entity1 metastatic @entity1358 cell lines (ACHN and SN12K1). In vitro, @entity14568 inhibited proliferation, capillary tube formation, invasion and trans-differentiation of HUVEC. Ex vivo, @entity14568 blocked vessel sprouting from aortic explants and disrupted the integrity of pre-formed vessels. @entity14568 also inhibited the adhesion of HUVEC and @entity1358 cells to substratum and inhibited their invasion. @entity14568 inhibited @entity1358 -induced proliferation of HUVEC. Protein microarray demonstrated heterogenic actions in each cell line: in HUVEC, @entity4179 was significantly decreased; in ACHN, basic fibroblast growth factor, growth related oncogene, @entity650 , @entity5737 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) were significantly decreased; and in SN12K1, @entity2842 was upregulated. @entity14568 increased the expression of the pro-angiogenic protein interleukin-8 in both @entity1358 cell lines. Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was not significantly altered, and exogenous @entity7 had a neutral effect on in vitro angiogenesis of HUVEC. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity14568 has some anti-angiogenic properties, which may limit development and progression of @entity1358 .

title: Anti-angiogenic actions of @entity13373 , a XXXX inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor kappa B', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinomas', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['nuclear factor kappa B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, to investigate clinical characteristics, response, outcome, and prognosis of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) for @entity1 with @entity3191 ( @entity3191 ). METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of PBSCT in 38 @entity1 with @entity3191 . Kaplan-Meier methods were used in survival analysis, and the Cox regression model was applied in multivariate analysis. There were ten clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS: The 2-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 46%, and the 5-year @entity1349 was 34% after a median follow-up of 40 months. The @entity1 who received allogeneic PBSCT (allo-PBSCT) had a higher nonrelapse mortality than autologous PBSCT (auto-PBSCT), but they could achieve a longer-term disease-free survival in the former, which @entity1349 could achieve 40%. Survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier method showed the @entity66 status, B symptoms, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) in early (>275 U/L), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score (>1), prognostic index for @entity3191 score (>2) were all prognostic factors for posttransplant @entity1349 . @entity66 status is the only prognostic factor for allo-PBSCT. CONCLUSION: The key was to reducing transplant-related mortality of allo-PBSCT by reduced-intensity conditioning. Factors such as level of early serum LDH, extranodal involvement, B symptoms, ECOG score, Ann Arbor stage, and @entity66 status were all related to the prognosis of @entity1 treated with PBSCT. Allo-PBSCT maybe suggested as the first line therapy for late-stage @entity3191 @entity1 who could reach treatment remission before transplantation.

title: Long-term outcomes of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for 38 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pretransplant disease', 'Pretransplant disease']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['PTCL', 'peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3191 :: (MESH:D016411,Disease) :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cardiac shockwave therapy (CSWT) is a potential and effective remedy to promote revascularization in the @entity63 myocardium of @entity1 with refractory @entity301 ( @entity301 ). The technique is both safe and non-invasive; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CSWT in treating @entity301 @entity1 and investigate a potential mechanism. A total of 26 @entity1 with @entity301 were enrolled in the study, and CSWT was performed over a 3-month period. The efficacy of CSWT was assessed using several clinical parameters. Peripheral blood (PB) was collected prior to and following treatment. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the PB was counted using a flow cytometer, and the levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity687 ( @entity687 ), @entity1495 in the PB were analyzed. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the PB and cultured in vitro. The EPCs and EPC-colony forming units (EPC-CFUs) in the PB mononuclear cell culture were counted using an inverted phase contrast microscope. Following CSWT, the tested clinical parameters were significantly improved. The levels of circulating EPCs, @entity7 and @entity687 in the PB were significantly increased, as were the EPCs and EPC-CFUs from the PB mononuclear cell culture. We suggest that EPC proliferation, mediated by @entity7 and @entity687 secretion, may be among the potential mechanisms associated with CSWT.

title: Cardiac shockwave therapy improves myocardial function in @entity1 with refractory coronary artery disease by promoting @entity7 and XXXX secretion to mediate the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['stromal cell-derived factor 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To determine the origin and evolution of @entity22324 ( @entity22324 ) and @entity22325 ( @entity22325 ) in the Mainland of China, phylogenetic and recombination analyses in the present study were performed on 32 complete @entity22326 gene sequences from China and other countries. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the @entity22326 gene, @entity22324 strains studied here from Mainland China (PRC) could be divided into three genotypes, namely PRC-I, PRC-II and PRC-III. Genotype PRC-I is indigenous to Mainland China. Only one @entity22324 from Northeast China was of Genotype PRC-II and was thought to be imported from Europe. Genotype PRC-III, which was the most isolated genotype during 1999-2012, is related to GPVs in Taiwan and has been the predominant pathogen responsible for recent Derzy's disease outbreaks in Mainland China. Current vaccine strains used in Mainland China belong to Genotype PRC-I that is evolutionary distant from Genotypes PRC-II and PRC-III. In comparison, @entity22325 strains herein from Mainland China are clustered in a single group which is closely related to Taiwanese @entity22325 strains, and the full-length sequences of the @entity22326 gene of China MDPVs are phylogenetic closely related to the @entity22326 sequence of a Hungarian @entity22325 . Moreover, We also found that homologous recombination within @entity22326 gene plays a role in generating genetic diversity in @entity22324 evolution. The @entity22324 GDFSh from Guangdong Province appears to be the evolutionary product of a recombination event between parental @entity22324 strains GD and B, while the major parent B proved to be a reference strain for virulent European GPVs. Our findings provide valuable information on waterfowl parvoviral evolution in Mainland China.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of XXXX gene sequences of waterfowl parvoviruses from the Mainland of China revealed genetic diversity and recombination.

entities_list: @entity22324 :: ('38251', 'Species') :: ['GPV strain', 'GPV', 'goose parvovirus']

entities_list: @entity22325 :: ('37325', 'Species') :: ['MDPV strain', 'Muscovy duck parvovirus', 'MDPV']

answer: @entity22326 :: (1403423(Tax:38251),Gene) :: ['VP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease is a @entity74 involving a defect in the red blood cells due to its sickled hemoglobin. The main therapeutic interventions include preventive and supportive measures. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations are carried out with the aim of replacing the defective cells and their progenitors ( @entity1583 (i.e. blood forming) stem cells) in order to correct the disorder. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether stem cell transplantation can improve survival and prevent symptoms and complications associated with @entity3458 . To examine the risks of stem cell transplantation against the potential long-term gain for @entity1 with @entity3458 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity1577 and @entity74 Group Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register complied from electronic searches of the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Clinical Trials) (updated each new issue of The Cochrane Library) and quarterly searches of MEDLINE.Unpublished work was identified by searching the abstract books of major conference proceedings and we conducted a search of the website: www.ClinicalTrials.gov.Date of the most recent search of the Group's Haemoglobinopathies Trials Register: September 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled and quasi-randomized studies that compared any method of stem cell transplantation with either each other or with any of the preventive or supportive interventions (e.g. periodic blood transfusion, use of @entity1862 , antibiotics, @entity158 relievers, supplemental @entity26 ) in @entity1 under 16 years of age irrespective of the type of @entity3458 , gender and setting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No relevant trials have been identified. MAIN RESULTS: Ten trials were identified by the initial search of which none were suitable for inclusion in this review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Reports on the use of @entity1583 stem cell transplantation improving survival and preventing symptoms and complications associated with @entity3458 are currently limited to observational and other less robust studies. No randomized controlled trial has assessed the benefit or risk of different types of @entity1583 stem cell transplantations in @entity1 . Thus, this systematic review identifies the need for a multicentre randomized controlled trial assessing the benefits and possible risks of different types of @entity1583 stem cell transplantations comparing sickle status and severity of disease in @entity1 .

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic Disorders', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies and guidelines recommending the retention of the central venous catheter (CVC) in @entity1 with coagulase-negative @entity1793 were based on loose definitions of @entity2259 and/or did not evaluate the risk of recurrence. In this study, we used strict definitions of coagulase-negative @entity1793 to determine the impact of CVC retention on response to and recurrence of @entity281 . METHODS: During the period from July 2005 through December 2007, we retrospectively evaluated 188 @entity1 with coagulase-negative @entity1793 . @entity2259 was defined using the strict Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria of 2 positive blood culture results. Catheter-related @entity2259 was confirmed by differential quantitative blood cultures (>or=3:1) or time to positivity (>2 h). RESULTS: Resolution of @entity281 within 48 h after commencement of antimicrobial therapy was not influenced by CVC removal or exchange versus retention and occurred in 175 @entity1 (93%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that @entity281 was 7.0 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-32.6 times) more likely to fail to resolve in @entity1 with an intensive care unit stay prior to @entity281 ( P = .013 ) and 3.8 times (95% CI, 1.1-13.3 times) more likely to fail to resolve in @entity1 who had other concurrent sites of @entity281 (P = .041 ). Duration of therapy did not affect recurrence. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity1 with catheter retention were 6.6 times (95% CI, 1.8-23.9 times) more likely to have a recurrence than were those whose catheter was removed or exchanged (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: CVC retention does not have an impact on the resolution of coagulase-negative @entity1793 but is a significant risk factor of recurrence.

title: Management of the catheter in documented catheter-related coagulase-negative XXXX : remove or retain?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

answer: @entity1793 :: (MESH:D013203,Disease) :: ['staphylococcal bacteremia']


abstract: The @entity1 GI 101 @entity0 cell lines produces spontaneous @entity3 to the lungs when xenografted subcutaneously in female athymic @entity19 . To establish the time-course of @entity5 growth and distant @entity3 to the lungs and axillary lymph nodes, 5 mm3 of @entity5 tissue was implanted in the subaxial region of female athymic @entity19 . Micrometastases in the lung were first detected 3 weeks after @entity5 implantation. The incidence of lung @entity3 and the number of @entity5 emboli were correlated with the volume of the @entity5 . Ipsilateral axillary lymph node @entity3 was observed within 17 weeks, indicating that @entity3 to the lymph node is a later event. Unlike pulmonary micrometastases which were in the form of clusters of four to six @entity5 cells, @entity3 to the lymph nodes were in nodules of poorly differentiated and larger @entity5 cells. Immunohistochemistry evaluation of @entity899 oncoprotein in the primary and metastatic @entity5 cells showed different patterns of subcellular accumulation. Cytoplasmic staining was mainly detected in the primary and secondary @entity5 cells disseminated to the lungs. In contrast, nuclear staining was only detected in @entity5 cells infiltrated to the axillary lymph nodes. There was no gain of loss of positivity of @entity899 accumulation (i.e., qualitative measurements) as the @entity5 grew in size. The data indicate that the GI 101 @entity5 cells could be used as a useful model for studying the malignant progression of hormone-independent @entity0 , antimetastatic drugs, and early events in @entity5 @entity3 .

title: p53 expression, growth, and spontaneous @entity3 of the @entity1 GI 101 @entity0 in athymic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Traditional Chinese medical massage is a physical manipulation that achieves satisfactory results on @entity66 , according to its advocates. However, the method relies on an expert's experience. Accurate analysis and simulation of massage are essential for validation of traditional Chinese physical treatment. The objective of this study is to provide analysis and simulation that can reproducibly verify and predict treatment efficacy. METHODS: An improved physical multi-deformation model for simulating @entity1 cervical spine is proposed. First, the @entity1 spine, which includes muscle, vertebrae and inter- vertebral disks, are segmented and reconstructed from clinical CT and MR images. Homogeneous landmark registration is employed to align the spine models before and after the massage manipulation. Central line mass spring and contact FEM deformation models are used to individually evaluate spinal anatomy variations. The response of the @entity1 spine during the massage process is simulated based on specific clinical cases. RESULTS: Ten sets of @entity1 data, including muscle-force relationships, displacement of vertebrae, strain and stress distribution on inter-vertebral disks were collected, including the pre-operation, post-operation and the 3-month follow-up. The simulation results demonstrate that traditional Chinese massage could significantly affect and treat most mild @entity66 . CONCLUSION: A new method that simulates a traditional Chinese medical massage operation on the @entity1 spine may be a useful tool to scientifically validate and predict treatment efficacy.

title: Validation and prediction of traditional Chinese physical operation on XXXX using multiple deformation models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal disease', 'spinal diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['spinal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of retrograde ureteroscopic intrarenal surgery (RIRS) as a viable alternate to percutaneous nephrostolithotripsy (PCNL) in treating @entity1 with @entity1290 .6 cm to 3.5 cm stone burden. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2007 to November 2008, a total of 30 cases of upper @entity1290 .6 cm to 3.5 cm (Average size 2.5 cm) stone burden, for which PCNL would be done otherwise, were treated by RIRS with combined flexible and semi rigid ureteroscope and stones fragmented with holmium laser. The @entity1 were discharged after 24 hours of the procedure and allowed to resume normal work after two days. X ray KUB for radio opaque stones and ultrasound for all the cases were done after three weeks and if any residual fragments of any size were present the @entity1 was taken up for re-look flexible ureteroscopy under anesthesia. Stent and residual fragments were removed. If there was no residue the stent was removed under local anesthesia. RESULTS: Complete clearance was considered if there were no fragments on USG screening after three weeks. Twenty six (86.6%) @entity1 out of 30 had complete clearance in the first sitting and 4 (13.3%) @entity1 needed re-look flexible ureteroscopy. The stone free rate in RIRS is 86.6% in the first sitting and 100% at second sitting. CONCLUSION: RIRS is superior in terms of less complication, less morbidity and good stone free rate and has an advantage of one day of hospital stay and resuming duties after two days. RIRS is the best option for managing extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy failed and post PCNL residual @entity1608 . RIRS is definitely a viable alternate for PCNL for upper tract stones up to 3.5 cm.

title: Retrograde ureteroscopic intrarenal surgery for large (1.6-3.5 cm) upper ureteric/renal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric and renal stone of 1', 'renal and upper ureteric calculus of 1']

answer: @entity1608 :: (MESH:D002137,Disease) :: ['calculus']


abstract: Disruptions in @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ), motor signals that send information to sensory areas and allow for prediction of sensory states, are argued to underlie the perceived loss of agency in @entity161 . Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for @entity3389 in primates comes largely from the saccadic double-step task, which requires @entity1 to make two visually triggered saccadic eye movements in brief succession. Healthy individuals use @entity3389 to anticipate the change in eye position resulting from the first saccade when preparing the second saccade. In the current study with @entity1 @entity1 , @entity161 @entity1 and healthy controls of both sexes performed a modified double-step task. Most trials required a saccade to a single visual target (T1). On a subset of trials, a second target (T2) was flashed shortly following T1. Subjects were instructed to look directly at T2. Healthy individuals also use @entity3389 to make rapid, corrective responses following erroneous saccades to T1. To assess @entity3389 in @entity161 , we examined the following on error trials: (1) frequency and latency of corrective saccades, and (2) mislocalization of the corrective (second) saccade in the direction predicted by a failure to use @entity3389 to account for the first eye movement. Consistent with disrupted @entity3389 , @entity1 made fewer and slower error corrections. Importantly, the corrective saccade vector angle was biased in a manner consistent with disrupted @entity3389 . These results provide novel and clear evidence for dysfunctional @entity3389 in the oculomotor system in @entity1 with @entity161 . Based on neurophysiology work, these disturbances might have their basis in medial thalamus dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: According to the World Health Organization, acute @entity161 carries @entity717 weight than any other disease, but its etiology remains unknown. One promising theory of @entity161 highlights alterations in a sense of self, in which self-generated thoughts or actions are attributed externally. Disruptions in @entity3389 ( @entity3389 ), motor signals sent to sensory areas that allow for the prediction of impending sensations, are proposed to underlie these symptoms. Direct physiological evidence, however, is limited. In nonhuman primates, inactivation of mediodorsal thalamic neurons disrupts @entity3389 associated with eye movements. Using the same task, we show @entity73 in @entity161 @entity1 , consistent with disrupted @entity3389 . These findings allow us to link clinical phenomenology to primate neurophysiology and interpret findings within a biological framework.

title: Disrupted Saccadic Corollary Discharge in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['more disability']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['similar impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['corollary discharge', 'CD']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the magnitude and causes of unilateral @entity1939 (no light perception) and barriers faced by @entity1 with @entity1939 in the South Batinah region of Oman. METHODS: Between January and June 2002, 12,000 @entity1 were evaluated for visual acuity, ocular pressure, anterior ocular biomicroscopic examination, and posterior segment indirect ophthalmoscopy examination by ophthalmologists at Al Rustaq hospital in Oman. @entity1 having no perception of light in at least one eye were included in the cohort. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data on the personal profile, history of @entity1939 , barriers perceived as the cause of @entity1939 , and @entity1 ' attitude towards eye care and quality of life following @entity227 . RESULTS: In the 12,000 @entity1 studied, absolute @entity1939 (no perception of light) was present in 122 @entity1 , a rate of 1.0% in our series. The onset of @entity1939 was gradual in 78 (63.9%) @entity1 and 64 (54.9%) @entity1 had @entity1939 for more than 10 years. The main causes of @entity1939 e @entity1907 / @entity735 , which was present in 64 (52.5%) @entity1 ; @entity726 , seen in 49 (40.2%) @entity1 ; and @entity5575 , seen in 8 (6.5%) @entity1 . Eighty 4.8%) @entity1 had <3/60 vision in the fellow eye. Thirty (24.6%) @entity1 had @entity231 and 19 (15.6%) @entity1 @entity726 . Forty-eight (39.3%) @entity1 had undergone @entity231 surgeries while 2 (1.6%) @entity1 were operated for @entity726 . Lack of access to ophthalmic services and use of traditional medicines during the onset of @entity1939 were reported by nearly half of the cohort. The attitude towards @entity1939 was negative in two thirds of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity231 and @entity726 were @entity227 in the fellow eyes of this cohort. These @entity1 are at higher risk of developing @entity73 and need special care to prevent/treat @entity227 in the fellow eyes. Using appropriate services, one can attempt attitudinal changes, rehabilitate them, and create a positive attitude towards life.

title: Magnitude and causes of unilateral XXXX in a region of Oman: a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual disability', 'visual disabilities', 'important determinants of visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral impairment']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma in the fellow eye', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness', 'absolute blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['absent/disorganized blind eye']

answer: @entity1939 :: (MESH:D001766,Disease) :: ['absolute blindness']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is the most common age-related @entity179 . Accumulating data indicate that astrocytes play an important role in the neuroinflammation related to the pathogenesis of @entity195 . It has been shown that microglia and astrocytes are activated in @entity195 brain and @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) can increase the expression of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ), @entity777 . Suppressing the inflammatory response caused by activated astrocytes may help to inhibit the development of @entity195 . @entity6108 is a major constituent of the yellow curry spice turmeric and proved to be a potential anti-inflammatory drug in @entity625 and @entity1960 . There is a low age-adjusted prevalence of @entity195 in India, a country where turmeric powder is commonly used as a culinary compound. @entity6108 has been shown to suppress activated astroglia in @entity5357 protein precursor @entity19 . The real mechanism by which @entity6108 inhibits activated astroglia is poorly understood. Here we report that the expression of @entity1996 and glial fibrillary acidic protein were enhanced and that of @entity12097 ( @entity12097 ) was decreased in @entity5357 (25-35)-treated astrocytes. In line with these results, nuclear factor-kappaB translocation was increased in the presence of @entity5357 . All these can be reversed by the pretreatment of @entity6108 . Furthermore, @entity4301 , a @entity12097 antagonist, can abolish the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity6108 . These results show that @entity6108 might act as a @entity12097 agonist to inhibit the @entity32 in @entity5357 -treated astrocytes.

title: @entity12097 agonist @entity6108 reduces the XXXX -stimulated inflammatory responses in primary astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity12097 :: ('19016(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma', 'PPARgamma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity777 :: ('16193(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1, and interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity5357 :: (MESH:D012497,Disease) :: ['amyloid-beta']


abstract: Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are present in fetal @entity1 small intestine from 14 weeks' gestation independent of exogenous dietary or microbial antigens. We have now studied the heterogeneity of IEL in 18-22-week-old @entity1 fetal intestine and in postnatal small intestine by single and sequential immunoenzyme histochemistry. In normal @entity1 and adults, there were 6-27 CD3+ IEL per 100 epithelial cells, whereas in fetal gut there were 3-5 CD3+ IEL per 100 epithelial cells. Postnatal intestine contained a population of CD3-,7+, non-T cell IEL (7-25% of total @entity4587 +). These cells were absent from fetal IEL but were occasionally seen in the fetal lamina propria. About 6% of CD3+ postnatal IEL were @entity404 -,8-. In contrast in the fetus, 35-70% of CD3+ IEL were subset negative. Since CD3 and @entity4587 are always co-expressed on fetal IEL, 28-58% of fetal IEL were also @entity4587 +,4-,8-. Only about 20% of the CD3+ IEL expressed the gamma delta chains of the T cell antigen receptor. We conclude from these studies that CD3+,4-,8- T cells migrate to the epithelium in the absence of exogenous antigen and that there is a population of CD3-,7+ non-T cells in postnatal gut which is absent in fetal gut.

title: Heterogeneity in intraepithelial lymphocyte subpopulations in fetal and postnatal XXXX small intestine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Degradation rate constants for individual @entity1885 -labelled proteins were measured in Swiss 3T3-L1 adipocytes that had been incubated with inhibitors of autophagy or of lysosomal proteolysis. 2. Inhibitory effects produced by 10 mM- @entity2456 and a combination of 5 mM- @entity8777 and leupeptin (50 micrograms/ml) were approximately equal. The inclusion of @entity8777 did not significantly enhance the responses to @entity2456 , suggesting that autophagy was already maximally inhibited. 3. The extent of inhibition by @entity2456 or by the @entity8777 / @entity14630 mixture was similar for the cytosolic enzyme @entity6625 carboxylase and for the three mitochondrial carboxylases. This inhibition averaged 50%. The breakdown rate of a more-stable 38 kDa @entity1885 -containing mitochondrial protein was more responsive to the inhibitory agents. These results are best explained by mitochondrial proteolysis occurring via a combination of the degradation of whole mitochondria within autophagic vacuoles, supplemented by the selective intramitochondrial breakdown of more labile proteins. 4. A number of intermediate products in the degradation of @entity1885 -containing proteins were detected. Differences in the patterns of radioactivity between these peptides after incubation of cells in the presence of inhibitors of the breakdown process provided evidence that some peptides were produced before autophagy, others as a result of intralysosomal inhibition, while at least one was associated with intramitochondrial proteolysis.

title: Regulation of the breakdown rates of XXXX -containing proteins in Swiss 3T3-L1 cells.

entities_list: @entity2456 :: ('MESH:C025946', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methyladenine']

entities_list: @entity14630 :: ('MESH:C032854', 'Chemical') :: ['leupeptin']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

answer: @entity1885 :: (MESH:D001710,Chemical) :: ['biotin']


abstract: Despite their lack of brown adipose tissue, some bird species develop regulatory non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) of skeletal muscle origin in response to cold acclimation. Mechanisms involved in avian NST are still unclear but may involve reduced energetic coupling in skeletal muscle mitochondria through the expression of an avian homologue of @entity1 uncoupling proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) would correlate with the capacity for cold-induced @entity121 . Various levels of cold acclimation were obtained by rearing 1-week-old ducklings ( @entity22157 ) for 4 weeks at three different ambient temperatures (25 degrees C, 11 degrees C or 4 degrees C). Muscle NST was measured by simultaneous recordings of metabolic rate and electromyographic activity (gastrocnemius muscle) at ambient temperatures (T(a)) ranging from 27 degrees C to -5 degrees C. The expression of avUCP gene and mitochondrial bioenergetics were also determined in gastrocnemius muscle. Results showed that @entity121 capacity depends on the T(a) at which ducklings were acclimated, i.e. the lower the rearing temperature, the higher the capacity for NST. This increased metabolic heat production occurred in parallel with an upregulation of avUCP, which was not associated with a change in mitochondrial membrane conductance. The intensity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation also increased in proportion with the harshness of cold, while the efficiency of @entity855 generation was equally effective in all three acclimation temperatures. In the absence of mitochondrial uncoupling, these data indicate a clear link between avUCP expression and the capacity of ducklings to adjust their muscular aerobic activity to cold exposure.

title: Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered XXXX efficiency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity22157 :: ('8855', 'Species') :: ['Cairina moschata']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle NST']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although thyroid nodules are common and diagnosed in over 5% of the adult population, only 5% harbor @entity5 . @entity1 with clinically suspicious thyroid nodules need to undergo @entity400 ( @entity400 ). The main limitation of @entity400 remains indeterminate cytopathology. Only 20%-30% of the indeterminate nodules harbor @entity5 , and therefore up to 80% of @entity1 undergo unnecessary thyroidectomy. The aim of this study was to identify and validate a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) that could serve as a platform for an @entity400 -based diagnostic for @entity259 . METHODS: The study population included 27 consecutive @entity1 undergoing total thyroidectomy for @entity400 -based @entity3557 (n   =   20) and benign disorders (n   =   7). Aspiration biopsy was performed from the index lesion and from the opposite lobe normal tissue in all study @entity1 at the time of operation. RNA was extracted from all aspiration biopsy samples. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction on a panel of previously selected miRNAs was performed. Polymerase chain reaction results were compared with final histopathology. miRNA from @entity5 tissues was amplified using the highest value of each miRNA expression in normal tissue as a threshold for @entity5 detection. RESULTS: Diagnostic characteristics were most favorable for @entity494 in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid pathology. @entity494 was overexpressed in 19 @entity1 (p   <   0.0001) with a sensitive yield of 95%. Specificity, negative and positive predictive value, and accuracy of the miRNA panel were 100%, 96%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: miRNA quantification for differential diagnosis of @entity259 within aspiration biopsy samples is feasible and may improve the accuracy of @entity400 cytology.

title: Development of a microRNA-based molecular assay for the detection of XXXX in aspiration biopsy samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: @entity731 burden has a strong correlation with plaque vulnerability. Three-dimensional (3D) volumetric assessment of @entity731 has been suggested as an accurate method of quantifying plaque burden but has not been performed. In this study we use high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to compare 3D volume differences of asymptomatic and acutely symptomatic carotid plaques (i.e. had cerebrovascular ischaemic symptoms within the previous 72 h of MR imaging). One hundred @entity1 (46 acutely symptomatic and 54 asymptomatic) with @entity2998 underwent carotid MR imaging. @entity1347 was done to delineate lipid, fibrous tissue and @entity548 ( @entity548 ). 3D-volume reconstruction of plaque components was done and used for comparison. Acutely symptomatic plaques had a lower normalized wall index and normalized volume index than the asymptomatic group (P = 0.04 and 0.01 respectively). Median percentage lipid volume was higher for asymptomatic plaques (28 vs. 5%, P = 0.004). However, the median percentage volume and prevalence of @entity548 was higher in the acutely symptomatic group (P = 0.01 and 0.02 respectively). Acutely symptomatic plaques have less lipid content immediately after the acute event than asymptomatic plaques. This is most likely because of the escape of lipid-rich @entity1856 into the blood stream at the time of @entity397 . Due to this paradox, "high" lipid content of a plaque may not be a reliable feature of estimating its vulnerability immediately following the acute event. @entity548 , which is prevalent and consistent in such plaques, may be a better indicator of plaque vulnerability during that period.

title: Three-dimensional volumetric analysis of @entity731 : a magnetic resonance imaging-based study of XXXX with moderate stenosis carotid artery disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['plaque haemorrhage', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Manual segmentation of plaque components']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous debris']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques', 'Atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of a long-acting @entity1507 , @entity3763 (ID) 5 mg sublingually, on the lower oesophageal sphincter was tested in 24 @entity1 with @entity1318 . The drug caused a reduction in LOS pressure in all cases. The mean LOS pressure fell from 46.32.7 mmHg to 15.31.8 mmHg (p less than 0.01). The pressure began to drop after several minutes, reaching its lowest levels after 15 minutes. This measured manometric effect lasted for 60 minutes or more in 10 @entity1 studied. The reported clinic effect lasted for two to three hours, permitting the ingestion of a meal. Twenty-three @entity1 were followed clinically for two to 19 months while receiving the drug three times daily before meals. Nineteen reported a marked to complete relief of @entity1282 . Five of these @entity1 had previous @entity384 , cardiomyotomy, or both, and had recurrence at time of study. Side-effect, mainly @entity10 , were reported in eight @entity1 . In six this was alleviated by substituting oral @entity3763 , 10 mg. Two @entity1 became refractory to treatment after two to six months. The potential role of long-acting @entity3362 in the treatment of @entity1318 has yet to be established.

title: Effect of XXXX on LOS pressure in @entity1318 : a potential therapeutic aid.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3362 :: (MESH:D009566,Chemical) :: ['nitrates']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1776 of the @entity2339 are rare, solitary lesions, mostly presenting in the adult age. They rarely grow to a sufficient size to cause mass effect related symptoms and they may be found in most cases incidentally at autopsy. Because of their rarity as of now they have been described only as case reports or included in small clinical series. METHODS: We report a series of 11 @entity1 , who underwent surgery for granular cell @entity5 of the @entity2339 between 1996 and 2013 in a single center. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time after treatment was 92.2  months (range 9-231  months). Mean age at surgery was 40.7  years (range 12-66  years). There were 7 males (63.6  %) and 4 females (36.4  %). Main symptoms at presentation were: @entity4089 (72.7  %), @entity227 (45.5  %) and @entity10 (36  %). Except for 2 @entity1 , all the others underwent surgery as primary treatment at our Institution, through a transsphenoidal (54.5  %) or a transcranial approach (45.5  %). Overall- and progression-free survival times for the entire series (calculated from the time of diagnosis) were 112.9 and 100.5  months respectively. There was one case of perioperative @entity204 in a @entity1 who had undergone repeat transcranial surgery for @entity41 . CONCLUSIONS: Although extremely rare, granular cell @entity5 of the @entity2339 have to be considered in the differential diagnosis of suprasellar masses, to avoid misleading interpretation and consequent wrong therapeutic management. Early diagnosis, extensive @entity5 removal, opportune indication of adjuvant radiotherapy are the keys to manage these cases.

title: Suprasellar granular cell XXXX of the @entity2339 : surgical outcome of a very rare @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1776 :: ('MESH:D016586', 'Disease') :: ['Granular cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['neurohypophysis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Complex milk lipids (CMLs) provide a critical nutritional source for generating both energy and essential nutrients for the growth of the newborn. The present study investigated nutritional supplementation with a @entity1860 containing @entity7746 and phospholipids in pregnant and lactating @entity35 on learning behavior and postnatal growth in male offspring. @entity35 female @entity35 were supplemented during pregnancy and lactation with either control or @entity1860 to provide @entity7746 at a dose of 0.01% (low) and 0.05% (high) based on total food intake. The @entity1860 -supplemented dams showed no differences in comparison to controls regarding growth, food intake, and litter characteristics. There were significant differences in brain composition in male offspring at postnatal day 2 (P2) with higher concentrations of @entity7746 (high dose, P < .05) and lower concentrations of phospholipids (low and high dose, P < .05) in the @entity1860 -supplemented groups. The distribution of individual @entity4163 species was not significantly different between treatment groups. Brain weight at P2 was also significantly higher in the @entity1860 groups. Differences in the brain composition and weight were not significant by weaning ( @entity7504 ). As adults ( @entity20824 ), adiposity was reduced in the low @entity1860 -supplemented group compared to controls. No significant differences were detected between any of the treatment groups in any of the behavioral tasks (water maze, object recognition, and operant learning). These data suggest that maternal supplementation with a @entity1860 during pregnancy and lactation is safe and has a significant early impact on brain weight and @entity4163 and phospholipid content in offspring but did not alter long-term behavioral function using standard behavioral techniques.

title: Maternal supplementation with a complex milk lipid mixture during pregnancy and lactation alters neonatal brain lipid composition but lacks effect on cognitive function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) has become a well-accepted procedure for @entity1 with @entity459 . Because it allows bilateral neck exploration, the authors began using this technique for @entity1 with @entity3528 . In this preliminary study, the authors report their initial experience. METHODS: From July 2006 to November 2008, 12 @entity1 (6 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 45.5 +/- 16.9 years (range, 23-71 years) underwent MIVAP with bilateral exploration for @entity3528 . The operation was performed through a central 2-cm to 3-cm skin incision; a 30 degrees 5-mm endoscope was used for magnification. RESULTS: MIVAP was successfully completed in 11 @entity1 (92%). The mean operative time was 81 +/- 37 minutes (range, 35-130 minutes). No major complications were registered. After a mean follow-up period of 11.4 months (range, 3-30 months), 1 @entity1 showed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: MIVAP appears to be a safe and feasible procedure in @entity1 with @entity3528 .

title: Minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) for XXXX : report of initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3528 :: (MESH:D006962,Disease) :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pre-hospital airway management represents the intervention most likely to impact outcomes in critically injured @entity1 . As such, airway management issues dominate quality improvement (QI) reviews of aero-medical programs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate current practice patterns of airway management in @entity130 among U.S. @entity910 ( @entity910 ) programs. METHODS: The Association of Air Medical Services (AAMS) Resource Guide from 2005 to 2006 was utilized to identify the e-mail addresses of all directors of U.S. aero-medical transport programs. Program directors from 182 U.S. aero-medical programs were asked to participate in an anonymous, web-based survey of emergency airway management protocols and practices. Non-responders to the initial request were contacted a second time by e-mail. RESULTS: 89 programs responded. 98.9% have @entity1170 ( @entity1170 ) protocols. 90% use @entity2900 , 70% use long-acting neuromuscular blockers (NMB) within their @entity1170 protocol. 77% have protocols for mandatory in-flight sedation but only 13% have similar protocols for maintenance paralytics. 60% administer long-acting NMB immediately after @entity1170 , 13% after confirmation of neurological activity. Given clinical scenarios, however, 97% administer long-acting NMB to @entity1 with scene and in-flight Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) of 3, even for brief transport times. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity910 programs have well defined @entity1170 and in-flight sedation protocols, while protocols for in-flight NMB are uncommon. Despite this, nearly all programs administer long-acting NMB following @entity1170 , irrespective of GCS or flight time. Given the impact of in-flight NMB on initial assessment, early intervention, and injury severity scoring, a critical appraisal of current @entity910 airway management practices appears warranted.

title: Emergency airway management in critically injured XXXX : a survey of U.S. aero-medical transport programs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'rapid sequence intubation']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['aero-medical service', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19709 ( @entity19710 ), a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi, is frequently found as a contaminant in fruit and grain products. Here we examined if @entity19710 could modify macrophage phenotype and inflammatory responses. In RAW 264.7 @entity19 macrophages @entity19710 changed the cell morphology of from round to star-shaped cells, with increased levels of @entity19711 , @entity11787 , @entity3804 , MHCII and endocytic activity. @entity637 and @entity777 were enhanced at mRNA-level, but only @entity637 showed increased secretion. No changes were found in @entity1618 or @entity12782 expression. Primary @entity1 macrophages changed the cell morphology from round into elongated shapes with dendrite-like protrusions in response to @entity19710 . The levels of @entity19711 and @entity11787 were increased, HLA-DR and @entity18901 were down-regulated and @entity8271 , @entity19712 and CD163 remained unchanged. Increased secretion of @entity637 and @entity777 were found after @entity19710 exposure, while @entity3806 , @entity1618 and IL-12p70 were not changed. Furthermore, @entity19710 reduced macrophage endocytic activity and autophagosomes. @entity19710 was also found to induce DNA damage, which is suggested to be linked to the morphological and phenotypical changes. Thus, @entity19710 was found to change the morphology and phenotype of the two cell models, but either of them could be characterized as typical M1/M2 macrophages or as dendritic cells (DC).

title: The mycotoxin XXXX induces DNA damage and modify macrophage phenotype and inflammatory responses.

entities_list: @entity19709 :: ('MESH:C005197', 'Chemical') :: ['Alternariol']

answer: @entity19709 :: (MESH:C005197,Chemical) :: ['alternariol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we reported that the contralateral undissected neck was the most common site of failure in @entity1 treated for @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx. Since then, we have altered our treatment of all @entity1 with @entity5 and selective T1 cases to include routine bilateral neck dissection. In the present study, we compare the long-term efficacy of routine bilateral neck dissections to historic controls in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective chart review on all @entity1 undergoing primary surgery for @entity189 between 1989 and 2000 was performed. All had undergone routine bilateral neck dissection. The most proximal area of recurrent disease was identified as the site of recurrence. Rates of recurrence, 2-year overall survival, and 2-year disease-specific survival were calculated. Results were compared to historical data using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of 180 @entity1 identified, 115 @entity1 with minimum 2-year follow-up and meeting exclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Four @entity1 (3.5%) experienced local recurrence, 9 @entity1 (7.8%) had cervical recurrence, and 8 @entity1 had distant spread (7.0%). Recurrence in the neck (7.8%) has been significantly reduced from the historical recurrence rate (20%) prior to instituting routine bilateral neck dissections ( P = 0.009). The 2-year survival increased from 72% to 82.6% ( P = 0.0408). CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Routine bilateral neck dissection decreases cervical recurrence and appears to improve survival in the management of @entity5 .

title: Efficacy of routine bilateral neck dissection in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['supraglottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T2-T4 supraglottic cancer', 'supraglottic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['supraglottic cancer']


abstract: AIMS: mast cells have been shown to accumulate in the adventitia of @entity1 @entity731 and were recently demonstrated by us to contribute to plaque progression and instability. In this study, we investigated whether selective inhibition of mast cell chymases would affect the lesion development and stability. METHODS AND RESULTS: the protease inhibitor @entity21281 appeared to be a potent inhibitor of chymase activity in vitro and ex vivo. With this inhibitor, we provide three lines of evidence that chymase inhibition can prevent many pro-atherogenic activities. First, oral administration of @entity21281 reduced spontaneous @entity731 in the thoracic aorta of @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Second, chymase inhibition prevented the accelerated plaque progression observed in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 that were exposed to repetitive episodes of systemic mast cell activation. Furthermore, @entity21281 enhanced lesional collagen content and reduced @entity39 core size. Third, @entity21281 treatment almost completely normalized the increased frequency and size of intraplaque haemorrhages observed in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 after acute perivascular mast cell activation in advanced @entity731 . CONCLUSION: our data indicate that chymase inhibition can inhibit pro-atherogenic and plaque destabilizing effects which are associated with perivascular mast cell activation. Our study thus identifies pharmacological chymase inhibition as a potential therapeutic modality for @entity731 plaque stabilization.

title: Mast cell chymase inhibition reduces @entity731 plaque progression and improves plaque stability in @entity6970 -/- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases where @entity1 with @entity308 do not respond to a standard dose of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIS), treatment guidelines often recommend a higher dose. A systematic review of the literature revealed uncertainty about the efficacy of dose escalation and pointed to methodological weaknesses in earlier research. AIM: To review current practice and results concerning dose-escalation of SSRIS. METHOD: We made a summary of previously published English articles that systematically reviewed previous SSRI-dose-escalation studies in @entity308 @entity1 and present the results of a recent double-blind randomised dose-escalation study of @entity903 . By means of a 123I-b-cit-spect study in a subgroup of the @entity1 in the recent dose-escalation study it was possible to measure the amount of @entity903 bound to @entity750 transporters. This provided combined clinical and pharmacological outcomes. RESULTS: The study with @entity903 provided clinical evidence that dose-escalation of @entity903 in @entity308 was not effective and that adverse effects increased. The occupancy of the @entity750 -transporters did not increase significantly after dose-escalation, despite increases in @entity903 serum levels. CONCLUSION: Dose-escalation of ssris for @entity1 with @entity308 who did not respond to a standard dose, does not improve response or the chance of remission. The pharmacological explanation for this is that the occupancy of the @entity750 -transporters does not increase following dose-escalation.

title: [Dose-escalation of SSRIS in major XXXX . Should not be recommended in current guidelines].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorder']


abstract: Nine Holstein @entity291 with rumen cannulas and indwelling catheters in splanchnic blood vessels were used in a generalized randomized incomplete block design with repeated measures to study the effect of increased early postpartum @entity5066 supply on splanchnic and mammary @entity5066 metabolism. At calving, @entity291 were blocked according to parity (second and third or greater) and allocated to 2 treatments: abomasal infusion of water (CTRL; n=4) or free @entity5066 with casein profile ( @entity5066 -CN; n=5) in addition to a basal diet. The @entity5066 -CN infusion started with half of the maximal dose at the calving day (1 d in milk; DIM) and then steadily decreased from 791 to 226 g/d until 29 DIM. On 5, 15, and 29 DIM, 6 sample sets of arterial, portal, hepatic, and mammary blood were taken at 45-min intervals. Over the whole period, increasing @entity5066 supply increased milk (+7.8    1.3 kg/d) and milk protein yields (+220    65 g/d) substantially. The increased milk yield was not supported by greater dry matter intake (DMI) as, overall, DMI decreased with @entity5066 -CN (-1.6    0.6 kg/d). Arterial concentrations of essential @entity5066 were greater for @entity5066 -CN compared with CTRL. The net portal-drained viscera (PDV) release of His, Met, and @entity815 was greater for @entity5066 -CN compared with CTRL, and the net PDV recovery of these infused @entity5066 ranged from 72 to 102% once changes in DMI were accounted for. The hepatic removal of these @entity5066 was increased equivalently to the increased net PDV release, resulting in an unaltered net splanchnic release. The net PDV release of Ile, Leu, @entity2596 , and Lys tended to be greater for @entity5066 -CN, and the net PDV recovery of these infused @entity5066 ranged from 69 to 73%, indicating increased PDV metabolism with @entity5066 -CN. The fractional hepatic removal of these @entity5066 did not differ from zero and was unaffected by the increased supply. Consequently, the splanchnic release of these @entity5066 was approximately equivalent to their net PDV release for both CTRL and @entity5066 -CN. Overall, greater early postpartum @entity5066 supply increased milk and milk protein yields substantially based on increased mammary @entity5066 uptake. The PDV metabolism of branched-chain @entity5066 and Lys were increased, whereas it seemed to be unaffected for other essential @entity5066 when the intestinal @entity5066 supply was increased. On a net basis, the liver removed more group 1 @entity5066 (His, Met, @entity815 , and Trp) for anabolism and catabolism when the early postpartum @entity5066 supply was increased. Thus, increasing the postpartum @entity5066 supply increased splanchnic and mammary consumption of @entity5066 ; hence, the @entity1131 persisted.

title: Abomasal amino acid infusion in postpartum dairy XXXX : Effect on whole-body, splanchnic, and mammary amino acid metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity483 is characterized by Th2-dominant immunity. Recently many intracellular molecules have been reported to regulate cytokine expression and T cell differentiation. @entity9388 and T-box expressed in T cells ( @entity10071 ) are transcription factors that play a critical role in the development of Th2 and @entity1198 immunity, respectively. @entity5740 and @entity24662 , are negative regulators of the cytokine signalling induced by IL-12 and @entity3646 , respectively. @entity24663 is a transcription factor that activates @entity379 gene directly. The present study was designed to identify intracellular molecules that are responsible for the pathogenesis and the imbalance of cytokines in @entity483 . Semi-quantitative RT-PCR revealed that in peripheral blood mononuclear cells without any stimulation the levels of mRNA for @entity9388 and @entity5740 were elevated, the levels of mRNA for @entity24663 were depressed and the levels of mRNA for @entity10071 and @entity24662 were comparable in @entity1 with @entity483 as compared with healthy controls. In addition, successful therapy normalized levels of mRNA for @entity9388 and @entity24663 , although those for the others including @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity688 , @entity4047 and @entity379 did not change. Levels of @entity24663 mRNA correlated with those of @entity379 , while the mRNA levels of the other regulators did not correlate with those of any of the cytokines. These results suggest @entity9388 and @entity24663 might be involved in @entity272 , while @entity5740 might be associated with an imbalance of cytokines that is difficult to normalize in @entity483 .

title: Differential expression of mRNA for @entity1198 and Th2 cytokine-associated transcription factors and suppressors of cytokine signalling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'Atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5740 :: ('9021', 'Gene') :: ['SOCS-3', 'Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS)-3']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Reports of 62 cases with a @entity717 associated with a focal lesion in the thalamus and/or subthalamic region were analyzed. Thirty-three cases had a lesion confined to the thalamus. Sixteen cases had a thalamic lesion extending into the subthalamic region and/or midbrain. Thirteen cases had a lesion in the subthalamic region or a @entity75 extending into the midbrain. Nineteen cases with @entity3519 , 18 with @entity2358 , 17 with ballism- @entity4790 , three with paroxysmal @entity3519 , and five with clonic or myorhythmic movements have been described. No case with isolated @entity400 has been described. In 53 cases with unilateral thalamic or subthalamic lesions, all but one with bilateral @entity9663 (associated with right posterior thalamic, pontomesencephalic, and @entity76 ) had @entity910 in the limbs contralateral to the lesion. The other nine cases had bilateral paramedian thalamic lesions; seven developed @entity910 , and the remaining two had unilateral @entity910 . Regarding the 19 @entity1 with @entity3519 , the two with bilateral @entity9663 had thalamic and upper @entity75 , and one with hemidystonia and torticollis had a @entity75 . The other 16 @entity1 all had a unilateral thalamic lesion with @entity3519 (10 hemidystonia, five @entity3520 affecting a hand and/or and one segmental @entity3519 involving face, arm, and hand). The exact location of the thalamic lesion was mentioned in 10 cases; the posterior or posterolateral thalamus was involved in six and the paramedian thalamus in four. These areas are more posterior or medial to the ventrolateral and ventroanterior thalamic nuclei, which receive pallido-thalamic and nigro-thalamic afferents. Two cases developed @entity3519 immediately after thalamotomy, and one case developed it 4 days after @entity542 . The others initially had a @entity1158 and developed @entity3519 1-9 months after the acute insult. Fifteen of the 17 @entity1 with @entity4790 had a unilateral lesion in the subthalamic nucleus or subthalamic region (eight due to @entity1188 , one to @entity548 , five to mass lesions, and one to @entity15 ). All had contralateral hemichorea or hemiballism. One other case had bilateral @entity5773 due to paramedian @entity1188 . Another case with generalized @entity4790 and thalamic @entity194 was complicated by stereotaxic surgery. Thirteen of the 18 cases with @entity2358 had lesions confined to the thalamus. Eight were associated with thalamotomy, and five others had a @entity64 (four @entity1188 and one @entity548 ) affecting the contralateral thalamus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX following lesions of the thalamus or subthalamic region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['chorea of the hands and tongue']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesions', 'subthalamic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['asterixis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral dyskinesias', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarcts', 'thalamic infarction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

entities_list: @entity3519 :: ('MESH:D004421', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral dystonia', 'dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Movement disorders']


abstract: Fibronectin (FN), a glycoprotein present in plasma and the extracellular matrix, has been reported to be effective on corneal trophic ulcer. This study reported a rapid method for preparing purified @entity11504 from a @entity1 's own plasma. Plasma FN concentration in healthy Japanese was found to be 235 +/- 62 micrograms per ml(age 21-31 years old). @entity1 had a higher plasma FN level than @entity1 (264 +/- 62 vs. 206 +/- 44 micrograms/ml). The @entity11504 were prepared by gelatin-coupled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration by Sephadex G-25 (PD-10). Biochemical and immunochemical analyses revealed that the prepared @entity11504 contained electrophoretically pure FN and no other plasma proteins were detected. Average FN concentration in the eyedrops was 425 micrograms per ml and recovery rate was 54%. The @entity11504 were found to be stable at room temperature up to 10 days in biological activity as far as we examined. The total time required to prepare the @entity11504 was within 2 hours. Thus it is possible to apply them to outpatients as well as inpatients.

title: Rapid preparation of purified autologous fibronectin eyedrops from XXXX 's plasma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Men', 'patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity11504 :: ('MESH:C536826', 'Disease') :: ['FN eyedrops']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4681 is a progressive @entity16 characterized by @entity528 in the cerebral cortex, brain stem and spinal cord. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY: Was to present methods of therapy and rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity4681 and the role of phoniatrician and otolaryngologist in diagnostic and therapeutic process. MATERIAL AND METHOD, RESULTS: The material of present study consists of 3 @entity1 in the age of 38 to 55 who were admitted to The Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing in Warsaw, Poland. @entity1 underwent laryngological, phoniatric and neurologopedics examinations. They were treated with phoniatric and logopedics rehabilitation strategy applying manual therapy of voice, speech exercises and courses of physiotherapy. As a result of therapeutical management, quality of speech and voice were improved. CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity1740 and speech may be early symptoms of @entity4681 ; 2. @entity1 with @entity4681 require multidisciplinary therapy, including otolaryngologists and phoniatricians; 3. Acoustic analysis of voice (MDVP) presents more often disorders in frequency range than amplitude changes; 4. Intensive and regular excercises are crucial for the improvement in speech communication.

title: [Phoniatric and laryngologic symptoms in XXXX ( @entity4681 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'motor neuron disease', 'Motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['Disorders of voice']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of motor neurons']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['motor neuron disease']


abstract: We present a theoretical study of the reaction mechanism of @entity8398 ( @entity17585 ) with CO    in an aqueous solution. We have used molecular orbital reaction pathway calculations to compute reaction free energy landscapes for the reaction steps involved in the formation of @entity9159 and @entity9159 . We have used the conductor-like polarizable continuum model to calculate reactant, product, and transition state geometries and vibrational frequencies within density functional theory (DFT). We have also computed single point energies for all stationary structures using a coupled cluster approach with singles, doubles, and perturbational triple excitations using the DFT geometries. Our calculations indicate that a two-step reaction mechanism that proceeds via a zwitterion intermediate to form @entity2961 is the most favorable reaction channel. The first step, leading to formation of the zwitterion, is found to be rate-determining, and the activation free energies are 12.0 (10.2) and 11.3 (9.6) kcal/mol using Pauling (Bondi) radii within the CPCM model at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2p) levels of theory, respectively, using geometries and vibrational frequencies obtained at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. These results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental value of about 12 kcal/mol. The second step is an acid-base reaction between a zwitterion and MEA. We have developed a microkinetic model to estimate the effective reaction order at intermediate concentrations. Our model predicts an equilibrium concentration for the zwitterion on the order of 10        mol/L, which explains why the existence of the zwitterion intermediate has never been detected experimentally. The effective reaction order from our model is close to unity, also in agreement with experiments. Complementary ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations with umbrella sampling have been carried out to determine the free energy profiles of zwitterion formation and proton transfer in solution; the results confirm that the formation of the zwitterion is rate-determining.

title: Reaction mechanism of XXXX with CO    in aqueous solution from molecular modeling.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['monoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate']

entities_list: @entity9159 :: ('MESH:D002219', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamates', 'carbamic acids']

answer: @entity8398 :: (MESH:D019856,Chemical) :: ['monoethanolamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether advanced age affects peri-operative outcomes after robotic-assisted @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed @entity1 who underwent robotic-assisted lobectomy by one surgeon over a 5-year period. @entity260 were compared according to age group. Other outcomes, such as @entity3816 , hospital length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality, were also compared. RESULTS: A total of 287 @entity1 were included (mean age 67.1yr). Group A had 65 @entity1 of advanced age>= 75yr (range 75-87yr; 37 @entity1 , 28 @entity1 ); Group B had 222 @entity1 aged <75yr (range 29-74yr; 95 @entity1 , 127 @entity1 ). Group A had 10/65 (15.4%) @entity1 with robotic-related @entity3816 , compared to 10/222 (4.5%) for Group B (p=0.002), with the most frequent @entity3816 being @entity548 from a pulmonary vessel (10.8% vs. 4.5%, p=0.06), @entity130 (3.1% vs. 0.9%, p=0.18), and injury to the phrenic or recurrent laryngeal nerve (1.5% vs. 0.4%, p=0.33). There were 28/65 (43.1%) @entity1 in Group A with @entity260 compared to 76/222 (34.2%) in Group B (p=0.19). While operative times were similar (p=0.42), Group A had longer median hospital LOS of 6  0.9days compared to 4  0.3days for Group B (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: While younger @entity1 have lower risk of robotic-related @entity3816 and shorter hospital LOS, elderly @entity1 do not have increased overall or emergent conversion rates to open lobectomy, @entity260 rates, or in-house mortality compared to younger @entity1 . Thus, robotic-assisted @entity358 is feasible and relatively safe for @entity1 of advanced age.

title: Effect of advanced age on peri-operative outcomes after robotic-assisted XXXX : Retrospective analysis of 287 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['overall postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications', 'Rates of postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy', 'pulmonary lobectomies']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial injury']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary lobectomy']


abstract: This study evaluated whether serum @entity3157 levels, serum @entity2865 levels, and other diagnostic criteria could be used to differentiate @entity2203 ( @entity2203 ) from severe @entity354 ( @entity354 ) during early infancy. The investigation was a retrospective, case-control study conducted in the emergency department of a large, academic @entity1 's hospital. Cases were 75 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2203 confirmed in the operating room. Controls were 75 consecutive @entity1 12 weeks of age or younger with the diagnosis of @entity354 whose serum electrolytes had been examined. Projectile vomiting was sensitive (0.93) but not specific (0.39) for @entity2203 . The mean serum @entity3157 level was 27.2 mmol/L for @entity2203 @entity1 and 22.3 mmol/L for @entity354 @entity1 (P < .00001), and the mean serum @entity2865 level was 95.7 mmol/L and 103.6 mmol/L for @entity2203 @entity1 and @entity354 @entity1 , respectively (P < .00001). Serum @entity3157 levels of > or =29 mmol/L and serum @entity2865 levels of < or =98 mmol/L had high positive predictive values (0.96 and 0.97, respectively) and were specific (0.99 for both) but not very sensitive (0.36 and 0.50, respectively) in identifying @entity1 with @entity2203 . Only one @entity1 would have been misclassified (false positive) as having @entity2203 using either of these cutoff values. These laboratory tests can also help discriminate between @entity2203 and @entity354 when the history and physical examination fail to do so. For example, of the 20 @entity1 with @entity2203 who did not have a pyloric mass palpated, 3 (15%) had serum @entity3157 levels of > or =29 mmol/L, and 6 (30%) had serum @entity2865 levels of < or =98 mmol/L. In conclusion, the serum @entity3157 or serum @entity2865 level offers a useful additional diagnostic tool in the evaluation of @entity1 presenting during @entity391 of uncertain etiology.

title: Diagnostic aids in the differentiation of XXXX from severe @entity354 during early infancy: the utility of serum @entity3157 and serum @entity2865 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['early infancy with vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity2203 :: ('MESH:D011707', 'Disease') :: ['PS', 'pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity2203 :: (MESH:D011707,Disease) :: ['pyloric stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted active cycling is more effective than active cycling without FES concerning walking and balance. Specifically, walking ability was classified as to the amount of personal assistance needed to be able to walk and balance was evaluated for static and dynamic balance tasks. DESIGN: monocentric, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial SETTING: neurologic rehabilitation hospital @entity1 : 40 @entity1 with severe @entity1269 due to @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: 20 min of active leg cycling with or without FES applied to the paretic vastus medialis and rectus femoris of quadriceps and to the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary outcome measures: functional ambulation classification (FAC); performance-oriented mobility assessment ( @entity15422 ). SECONDARY MEASURES: leg subscale of @entity894 ( @entity894 ), modified Ashworth scale (MAS). Evaluation was done before and after the intervention period and after additional two weeks. RESULTS: After the intervention the FAC, @entity15422 and @entity894 (p < .016) for both intervention groups improved significantly. The FAC of the control group increased by a median of 1 category and that of the FES group by 2. The median change in @entity15422 was 2 points and 4 points for the control and FES groups, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U-test between group comparisons revealed that these gains were significantly better in the FES group for both the FAC (U = 90, z = -2.58, p = .013, r = -.42) and the @entity15422 (U = 60, z = -3.43, p < .0004, r = -.56). Due to missing data and slightly decreased effect sizes during the follow-up phase (FAC, r = -.33; @entity15422 , r = -.41), differences did not reach statistically significant p-values. @entity894 leg scale showed significant improvements for both groups. However, there were no significant differences between the groups at any time. No changes were observed on the MAS. CONCLUSIONS: FES-assisted active cycling seems to be a promising intervention during rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Functional electrical stimulation assisted active cycling - Therapeutic effects in @entity1 with XXXX from 7 days to 6 months after @entity64 . A randomized controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['motricity index', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1269 :: (MESH:D010291,Disease) :: ['hemiparesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the reversed halo sign in @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The high-resolution CT scans (1- or 2-mm collimation scans) of 148 consecutive @entity1 with proven @entity358 were reviewed to determine the prevalence of the reversed halo sign in these @entity1 . The reversed halo sign was defined as central ground-glass opacity surrounded by a crescent or ring of consolidation. The images were reviewed by two radiologists who reached a decision by consensus. RESULTS: A reversed halo sign was found in 15 @entity1 (10%), including 13 @entity1 and two @entity1 ranging in age from 20 to 58 years (mean, 48 years). Three @entity1 had only one reversed halo sign, one had two lesions, and the remaining had multiple lesions. The size of the sign ranged from 10 to 50 mm (average, 20 mm). In two cases the reversed halo sign was the only finding on CT. The most common associated findings seen in the remaining 13 @entity1 included bilateral patchy areas of ground-glass attenuation (n = 10), parenchymal bands (n = 8), and small centrilobular nodules (n = 8). Three @entity1 underwent surgical lung biopsy. Histologically the central area of the lesions consisted of an inflammatory infiltrate in the alveolar septa, composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and some giant cells, with relative preservation of the alveolar spaces. The periphery of the lesion consisted of dense and homogeneous intraalveolar cellular infiltrate. There was no evidence of @entity3616 . CONCLUSION: The reversed halo sign is seen in approximately 10% of @entity1 with @entity6573 . In these @entity1 , this sign reflects the presence of a central area of predominantly @entity32 surrounded by predominantly air-space infiltration.

title: Reversed halo sign in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity565 is a chronic inflammatory airways disease associated with reversible @entity1030 and @entity2488 . @entity565 is prevalent worldwide and results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs, the majority of which arise from those with severe disease. Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody to immunoglobulin E (IgE) that has been developed for the treatment of severe persistent @entity56 (IgE mediated) @entity565 . AIMS: The aim of this review is to evaluate the available clinical evidence on omalizumab to determine the role it has to play in the treatment of persistent @entity56 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: There is clear evidence to show that omalizumab is effective in reducing the rate of @entity565 exacerbations, inhaled @entity228 dose, and the need for rescue medication in @entity1 with @entity56 . Clinical data indicate beneficial effects on @entity1 -reported symptoms and perceived quality of life, as well as a reduction in unscheduled healthcare visits. There is little evidence to suggest omalizumab may enhance lung function or reduce the requirement for oral @entity288 . Omalizumab has a favorable safety profile, although anaphylaxis has occurred. A study in @entity1 showed similar results to those achieved in adults and adolescents, with fewer @entity565 exacerbations and school days missed. Omalizumab may be cost effective in @entity1 when used as add-on therapy to inhaled @entity288 and long-acting beta(2) agonists (LABA). PLACE IN THERAPY: Omalizumab is an effective add-on therapy to inhaled @entity288 and LABAs in adults and adolescents with severe persistent @entity56 . Currently there is insufficient evidence to support the use of omalizumab in @entity1 .

title: Omalizumab: the evidence for its place in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic asthma']


abstract: Apathy is a common behavioral disturbance in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Recent studies have linked the presence of apathy to alterations in frontal lobe functions, but few studies have explored the relationship using standard neuropsychological measures in @entity1 with @entity195 . We administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests and a behavior rating scale to 80 @entity1 with @entity195 . We explored the relationship of @entity409 . @entity195 @entity1 with apathy performed significantly worse on tests of executive function (WAIS-R Digit Symbol, @entity2205 -Making, Stroop Color Interference Test) than @entity195 @entity1 without apathy. The presence of dysphoria did not modify these results and no significant relationships were found between tests of executive functions and dysphoria. Performance on executive measures as a group were effective in correctly classifying @entity1 as apathetic or nonapathetic with 75% accuracy. Neuropsychological measures not dependent on executive functions were unrelated to apathy. Apathy is associated with @entity409 and not with other @entity51 . Apathy is distinct from dysphoria.

title: Apathy and executive function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction', 'apathy to executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: An atrial-based pacing mode is superior to ventricular constant rate demand pacing (VVI) mode in @entity1 with @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) by providing both rate adaptation and atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. The use of a non-atrial sensor to overcome chronotropic @entity337 and preserve normal intrinsic AV conduction in pacemaker therapy for @entity1817 was investigated in 15 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 66 +/- 2 years). All had intact AV conduction (antegrade conduction capacity > 100 beats. @entity1009 and an atrial paced to intrinsic R interval of < or = 220 ms). DDDR pacemakers capable of being programmed into atrial rate adaptive (AAIR), dual chamber rate adaptive (DDDR) and ventricular rate adaptive (VVIR) modes were used. Beginning with an acute study, arterial pressure was invasively assessed in each pacing mode during physiological stresses and low level exercise. In the ambulatory phase, the incidence of ventricular pacing and @entity943 (Holter recording), diurnal blood pressure changes (ambulatory blood pressure recording), and symptom and quality of life level (questionnaires and interviews) were compared. Despite similar heart rate changes during acute physiological stresses, a higher blood pressure was recorded during AAIR or DDDR pacing compared with VVIR pacing. Systolic blood pressure over 24 h was lower in the VVIR mode (122 +/- 5 mmHg) than AAIR/DDDR pacing (129 +/- 6/128 +/- 6 mmHg, P < 0.05). VVIR pacing was associated with a higher frequency of @entity8630 , with two @entity1 developing @entity955 . Ventricular pacing was used in a higher percentage in the DDDR compared with the VVIR mode (64 +/- 11 and 39 +/- 7%, P < 0.03). VVIR pacing was associated with more palpitations, a lower level of general well being and @entity308 . Despite the use of a sensor to overcome chronotropic @entity337 , VVIR pacing is a less satisfactory pacing mode for @entity1817 . Although AAIR/DDDR pacing may achieve similar haemodynamic and clinical status, in @entity1 with intact AV conduction, AAIR pacing may be preferable by avoiding an abnormal ventricular activation pattern.

title: Rate adaptive pacing in XXXX : effects of pacing modes and intrinsic conduction on physiological responses, @entity943 , symptomatology and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity8630 :: ('MESH:D013612', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular ectopics']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome', 'SSS']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1817 :: (MESH:D012804,Disease) :: ['sick sinus syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the effect of recombinant interferon gamma ( @entity3692 ) on survival and @entity137 in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) @entity1 in complete remission (CR). @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 in CR following treatment with six cycles of combination chemotherapy, thoracic radiotherapy (TRT), and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were studied. All @entity1 had been enrolled onto a cooperative group trial (North Central @entity5 Treatment Group [NCCTG] 86-20-51). @entity1 received observation only or @entity3692 at a dose of 4 x 10(6) U subcutaneously per day for 6 months. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (12%) did not comply with @entity3692 treatment. Substantial nonhematologic @entity137 consisting of chills, @entity925 , lethargy, and alteration of mood-personality were observed. No @entity1 experienced life-threatening or fatal @entity137 . The median times to progression for @entity3692 treatment or observation were 6.9 and 8.1 months (P = .54). The median survival times were 13.3 and 18.8 months, respectively (P = .43). Approximately 70% of all @entity1 relapsed within 2 years. CONCLUSION: Time to progression and survival were inferior in @entity1 treated with @entity3692 compared with randomized control subjects, although this difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that @entity3692 treatment is not associated with a 33% improvement in survival (P = .04). Because of the high rate of relapse, @entity151 @entity1 in CR are an ideal group in which to evaluate novel and minimally toxic agents.

title: Phase III trial of recombinant interferon gamma in complete responders with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current low (stress) dose corticosteroid regimens may have therapeutic advantage in severe @entity295 and @entity326 despite conflicting results from two landmark @entity23 ( @entity23 ). We systematically reviewed the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in severe @entity295 and @entity326 . METHODS: RCTs were identified (1950-September 2008) by multiple data-base electronic search (MEDLINE via OVID, OVID PreMedline, OVID Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Health Technology Assessment Database and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) and hand search of references, reviews and scientific society proceedings. Three investigators independently assessed trial inclusion and data extraction into standardised forms; differences resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Corticosteroid efficacy, compared with control, for hospital-mortality, proportion of @entity1 experiencing @entity281 was assessed using Bayesian random-effects models; expressed as odds ratio (OR, (95% credible-interval)). Bayesian outcome probabilities were calculated as the probability (P) that OR >= 1. Fourteen RCTs were identified. High-dose (>1000 mg @entity701 (equivalent) per day) corticosteroid trials were associated with a null (n = 5; OR 0.91(0.31-1.25)) or higher (n = 4, OR 1.46(0.73-2.16), outlier excluded) mortality probability (P = 42.0% and 89.3%, respectively). Low-dose trials (<1000 mg @entity701 per day) were associated with a lower (n = 9, OR 0.80(0.40-1.39); n = 8 OR 0.71(0.37-1.10), outlier excluded) mortality probability (20.4% and 5.8%, respectively). OR for shock-resolution was increased in the low dose trials (n = 7; OR 1.20(1.07-4.55); P = 98.2%). @entity1 responsiveness to corticotrophin stimulation was non-determinant. A high probability of risk-related treatment efficacy (decrease in log-odds mortality with increased control arm risk) was identified by metaregression in the low dose trials (n = 9, slope coefficient -0.49(-1.14, 0.27); P = 92.2%). Odds of complications were not increased with @entity288 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a null effect for mortality treatment efficacy of low dose corticosteroid therapy in severe @entity295 and @entity326 was not excluded, there remained a high probability of treatment efficacy, more so with outlier exclusion. Similarly, although a null effect was not excluded, advantageous effects of low dose @entity230 had a high probability of dependence upon @entity1 underlying risk. Low dose @entity134 efficacy was not demonstrated in corticotrophin non-responders. Further large-scale trials appear mandated.

title: Updating the evidence for the role of @entity288 in severe XXXX and @entity326 : a Bayesian meta-analytic perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shock-resolution, and infective and non-infective complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8184 sp., an intestinal organism is known to cause @entity294 with @entity868 regarded as the first line of treatment despite reports of its resistance. The conflicting reports of variation in drug treatment have been ascribed to subtype differences. The present study evaluated in vitro responses due to @entity868 on ST3 isolated from three symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 , respectively. Symptomatic isolates were obtained from clinical @entity1 who showed symptoms such as @entity294 and abdominal bloating. Asymptomatic isolates from a stool survey carried out in a rural area. These @entity1 had no other pathogens other than @entity8184 . Ultrastructural studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed drug-treated ST3 from symptomatic @entity1 were irregular and amoebic with surface showing high-convoluted folding when treated with @entity868 . These organisms had higher number of mitochondrion-like organelle (MLO) with prominent cristae. However, the drug-treated ST3 from asymptomatic @entity1 remained spherical in shape. Asymptomatic ST3 showed increase in the size of its central body with the MLO located at the periphery.

title: Increase number of mitochondrion-like organelle in symptomatic XXXX subtype 3 due to @entity868 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity8184 :: ('MESH:D016776', 'Disease') :: ['Blastocystis']

answer: @entity8184 :: (MESH:D016776,Disease) :: ['Blastocystis']