abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compare the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of oral @entity617 / @entity1443 and oral @entity3352 / @entity1443 combination therapy in the treatment of @entity625 in @entity1 presenting to an @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: This is a double-blind, randomized, controlled study in a university hospital @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in the New Territories of Hong Kong. @entity1 older than 17 years and presenting between February 1, 2003, and June 30, 2004, with a clinical diagnosis of goutlike @entity625 were randomized to receive either oral @entity617 / @entity1443 or oral @entity3352 / @entity1443 combination therapy. Primary outcome measures were @entity158 scores, time to resolution of symptoms and signs, and adverse effects. Secondary outcome measures were the need for additional @entity1443 and relapse rate. RESULTS: There were 90 @entity1 randomized: 46 @entity1 to the @entity3352 group and 44 @entity1 to the @entity617 group. Baseline characteristics, including @entity158 scores, were similar in the 2 groups. Both treatment groups had a similar decrease in @entity158 score in the @entity341 . The mean rate of decrease in @entity158 score with activity for @entity3352 was -1.7+/-1.6 (SD) mm per day and for @entity617 was -2.9+/-2.0 (SD) mm per day (mean difference 1.2 mm/day; 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 2.0 mm/day; P=.0026). Although these differences were statistically significant, at no time was the difference in mean @entity158 score greater than 13 mm. Therefore, it is unclear whether these differences are clinically significant. The mean total dose of @entity1443 consumed by the @entity617 group was significantly more than in the @entity3352 group (mean 10.3 g, range 1 to 21 g versus mean 6.4 g, range 1 to 21 g). Twenty-nine @entity1 in the @entity3352 group and 12 @entity1 in the @entity617 group experienced adverse effects (P<.05). The commonest adverse effects in the @entity3352 group were @entity390 , indigestion, @entity158 , @entity1296 , and @entity360 (N=5; 11%). None of the @entity1 in the @entity617 group developed @entity360 . The relapse rate for both groups was similar. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of @entity625 , oral @entity617 / @entity1443 combination is as effective as oral @entity3352 / @entity1443 combination in relieving @entity158 but is associated with fewer adverse effects.

title: Comparison of oral @entity617 / @entity1443 and oral @entity3352 / @entity1443 combination therapy in the treatment of XXXX : a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['acute goutlike arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['acute goutlike arthritis']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Bleeding esophageal varices has been studied extensively, but @entity548 @entity2312 (BGV) has received much less investigation. However, BGV has been reported in  <=30% of @entity1 with @entity548 . In our studies of 1,836 @entity548 cirrhotics, 12.7% were @entity548 from @entity2312 . BGV mortality rate of 45-55% has been reported. The BGV literature has mainly involved retrospective case reports, often with short-term follow-up. OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the results of a prospective, @entity23 ( @entity23 ) in unselected, consecutive @entity1 with BGV comparing endoscopic therapy (ET) with @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ; n  =  518), and later comparing emergency @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) with emergency @entity5033 (EPCS; n  =  70). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Initially, our @entity23 involved 518 @entity1 with BGV comparing ET with direct @entity5033 regarding control of @entity548 , mortality rate, and disability. When entry of @entity1 ended, the @entity23 was expanded to compare emergency @entity5273 with EPCS (n  =  70). This @entity23 of BGV was separate from our other RCTs of @entity548 esophageal varices. INTERVENTIONS: Initially, ET was compared with @entity5033 . In the second part of our @entity23 , emergency @entity5273 was compared with emergency @entity5033 (EPCS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were survival, control of @entity548 , @entity5693 ( @entity5693 ), quality of life, and direct costs of care. In the @entity23 of ET versus @entity5033 , 28 and 30%, respectively, were in @entity1 class C. In the expanded @entity23 of @entity5273 versus EPCS, 40 and 41%, respectively, were in @entity1 class C. Permanent control of BGV was achieved in 97-100% of @entity1 treated by emergency or elective @entity5033 , compared with 27-29% by ET. @entity5273 was even less effective, achieving long-term control of BGV in only 6%. Survival rates after @entity5033 were greater at all time intervals and in all @entity1 classes (P  <  .001). Repeated episodes of @entity5693 occurred in 50% of @entity5273 @entity1 , 16-17% treated by ET, and 8-11% treated by @entity5033 . @entity850 or @entity432 occurred in 67% of @entity5273 @entity1 , in contrast with 0-2% of @entity5033 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These results support the conclusion that @entity5033 is uniformly effective, whereas ET and @entity5273 are not very effective.

title: Randomized trials of endoscopic therapy and @entity5273 versus @entity5033 for emergency and elective treatment of XXXX @entity2312 in  cirrhosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['portal-systemic encephalopathy', 'PSE']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Shunt stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomized, controlled trial']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'portacaval shunt']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Peroxidases have been shown to be involved in the polymerization of lignin precursors, but it remains unclear whether laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) participate in constitutive lignification. We addressed this issue by studying laccase T-DNA insertion mutants in @entity958 . We identified two genes, @entity59965 and @entity59966 , which are strongly expressed in stems. @entity59966 was mainly expressed in the interfascicular fibers, whereas @entity59965 was expressed in vascular bundles and interfascicular fibers. We produced two double mutants by crossing the @entity59966 ( @entity59966 ) mutant with two @entity59965 mutants ( @entity59965 -1 and @entity59965 -2). The single and double mutants grew normally in greenhouse conditions. The single mutants had moderately low lignin levels, whereas the stems of @entity59965 -1 @entity59966 and @entity59965 -2 @entity59966 mutants had lignin contents that were 20 and 40% lower than those of the control, respectively. These lower lignin levels resulted in higher saccharification yields. Thioacidolysis revealed that disrupting @entity59966 principally affected the deposition of G lignin units in the interfascicular fibers and that complementation of @entity59966 with @entity59966 restored a normal lignin profile. This study provides evidence that both @entity59965 and @entity59966 contribute to the constitutive lignification of @entity958 stems and that @entity59966 is involved in the deposition of G lignin units in fibers.

title: Disruption of @entity59965 and 17 results in tissue-specific alterations to lignification of XXXX stems.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) are promising surrogate markers for @entity262 , and their molecular characterization might be relevant to guide more individualized cancer therapies. To enable fast and efficient purification of individual CTCs, we developed a work flow from CellSearch(TM) cartridges enabling high-resolution genomic profiling on the single-cell level. METHODS: Single CTCs were sorted from 40 CellSearch samples from @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 using a MoFlo @entity16077 cell sorter. Genomes of sorted single cells were amplified using an adapter-linker PCR. Amplification products were analyzed by array-based comparative genomic hybridization, a gene-specific quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for @entity4910 ( @entity4910 ) locus amplification, and genomic sequencing to screen for mutations in exons 1, 9, and 20 of the @entity1078 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha ( @entity10160 ) gene and exons 5, 7, and 8 of the @entity5 protein @entity876 ( @entity876 ) gene. RESULTS: One common flow-sorting protocol was appropriate for 90% of the analyzed CellSearch cartridges, and the detected CTC numbers correlated positively with those originally detected with the CellSearch system (R(2) = 0.9257). Whole genome amplification was successful in 72.9% of the sorted single CTCs. Over 95% of the cells displayed chromosomal aberrations typical for metastatic @entity0 , and amplifications at the @entity4910 locus were validated by qPCR. Aberrant CTCs from 2 @entity1 harbored mutations in exon 20 of the @entity10160 gene. CONCLUSIONS: This work flow enabled effective CTC isolation and provided insights into genomic alterations of CTCs in metastatic @entity0 . This approach might facilitate further molecular characterization of rare CTCs to increase understanding of their biology and as a basis for their molecular screening in the clinical setting.

title: Genomic High-Resolution Profiling of Single CKpos/CD45neg Flow-Sorting Purified Circulating Tumor Cells from XXXX with Metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are known as a serologic marker of immune disturbances in @entity29 . The most specific are perinuclear ANCA (pANCA). The aim of this study was to investigate their significance for the diagnosis of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in Romania. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study, comprising all @entity1 admitted to our Center in 2000 with @entity31 --UC group (33 @entity1 ) and with @entity30 -- @entity1050 group (40 @entity1 ). The control group (C) included 22 healthy individuals, with similar age and sex distribution. ANCA was tested in serum by indirect immunofluorescence at Leuven University, Belgium. RESULTS: ANCA prevalence in UC group was 12/33 (36.4%), in @entity1050 group was 6/40 (15%), while in the C group all sera tested negative (p=0.004). All ANCA antibodies in @entity1 with @entity29 were perinuclear type. In the UC group, the prevalence of pANCA was higher in females compared to males (52.9% versus 16.7%, p=0.04). The phenotype pANCA+ did not correlate with disease extension, severity, the evolutive form or complications. In the @entity1050 group, the phenotype pANCA+, although more frequently found in colonic involvement and in non-obstructive non-fistulizing forms to associate with pANCA+, did not reach statistical significance (p=0.59). A higher severity of @entity1050 was associated with higher pANCA titers (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: pANCA prevalence in UC in Romania was lower in comparison with other studies (36.4% versus 50-80%). The highest prevalence was found in females with UC. In @entity1050 , pANCA+ was associated with a higher severity. pANCA assessment remains at a research level, further in-vestigations being necessary in order to demonstrate its clinical importance.

title: Prevalence and significance of perinuclear anti-neutrophil antibodies (pANCA) in Romanian XXXX with @entity30 and @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The renal hemodynamic and excretory effects of atriopeptin III were studied in normal @entity35 kidneys and in kidneys made dysfunctional by the application and release of a 24 h unilateral @entity1695 (UO24h), which decreased baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by 80%. Atriopeptin III (0.5 nmol/kg i.v.) decreased blood pressure (10-15%) for more than 30 min, and increased urine flow rate and @entity1372 excretion in normal and diseased kidneys for ca. 15 min. An @entity8 (ca. 20%) was apparent for less than 5 min. Atriopeptin III (bolus injection) temporarily enhanced the GFR 2-3-fold in the diseased (UO24h) kidneys, whereas no changes of GFR were noted in control kidneys. When atriopeptin III was continuously infused at a rate of 0.1 nmol/kg per min, GFR in UO24h kidneys increased from 0.28 +/- 0.08 ml/g per min to a stable level of 0.82 +/- 0.10 ml/g per min. Again, GFR in the control kidneys remained unaffected (1.25 +/- 0.08 ml/g per min). The enhancement of GFR in the UO24h kidney was associated with large increases of urine flow rate and @entity1372 excretion.

title: Atriopeptin III improves renal functions in a ureter-obstructed XXXX kidney model.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['initial enhancement of renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity384 and surgical myotomy are currently the procedures of choice to treat @entity1318 . The selection of one or other treatment depends on the experience of each center and @entity1 preferences. BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To review the experience of @entity384 in @entity1 with @entity1318 in our center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included all @entity1 with a clinical, endoscopic and manometric diagnosis compatible with @entity1318 who underwent @entity384 in a 19-year period. All dilations were routinely performed with a Rigiflex(  ) balloon, usually at pressures of 250, 250 and 300mm Hg in three inflations of one minute, each separated by one minute. The success of the dilation was assessed on the basis of the @entity1 's symptoms, the number of sessions, the need for surgery, and the presence of complications. RESULTS: A total of 171 @entity1 were included, 53.2% @entity1 and 46.8% @entity1 , with a mean age of 51.53  17.78 years (16-87 years), from June 1993 to October 2012. A 35-mm balloon was used in 157 @entity1 , a 30-mm balloon in 9 @entity1 and a 40-mm balloon in 7 @entity1 . A single dilation session was required in 108 @entity1 , two sessions were required in 56 @entity1 , with a mean time between the first and second sessions of 25.23  43.25 months (1-215 months), and 3 sessions were required in 7 @entity1 with a mean time between the second and third sessions of 6.86  5.33 months (1-15 months). Outcome after dilation was successful in 81% of the @entity1 . Of the 140 responders, 121 had complete response ( @entity1109 without recurrence) and 19 partial response ( @entity1109 with subsequent reappearance). Surgery (Heller myotomy)  was required in 15.8% of the @entity1 . Perforation occurred in 4 of the 171 @entity1 as a complication of the technique; these perforations were satisfactorily resolved, two by conservative treatment and two by surgery. There was no mortality associated with the technique or its complications. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity384 had a high success rate. In most @entity1 , a single session was required and the complications rate was low. These results show that this technique is safe and effective in these @entity1 , avoiding a large number of surgical interventions.

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity1318 ].

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumatic dilation', 'pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['initial disappearance of symptoms', 'complete disappearance of symptoms']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Pneumatic dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has been identified as a key risk factor for the development of @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ), the most common gynecologic malignancy in the US. We hypothesized that adipose tissue from @entity1204 @entity1 secretes higher levels of @entity5 -promoting factors than healthy adipose tissue and promotes @entity5 cell growth. METHODS: In this study, we generated conditioned media from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), an important regenerative cell population within adipose tissue. ASCs were isolated from adipose tissue from two @entity1204 @entity1 undergoing hysterectomies and four @entity5 free control @entity1 undergoing elective abdominoplasties. Ishikawa cells were then cultured for 48 hours in ASC-conditioned media (ASC-CM). Study outcomes included @entity5 cell proliferation rates and angiogenic factor secretion from @entity5 cells. RESULTS: Our results indicate that ASC-conditioned media significantly increased Ishikawa cell proliferation rate when compared to control Ishikawa culture conditions (p = 0.002). Though not significant, Ishikawa proliferation with conditioned media from @entity1204 ASCs was higher than proliferation in conditioned media from control ASCs. Additionally, we found that Ishikawa cells secreted almost 10 % more @entity7 ( @entity7 ) when cultured in @entity1204 ASC-CM as compared to Ishikawa cells cultured in healthy ( @entity5 free control) ASC-CM. These results indicate that ASC paracrine factors may positively increase @entity5 cell growth rate and potentially enhance @entity5 angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue is an important source of secreted factors, which increase the rate of @entity1204 cell growth. This study provided preliminary evidence that ASCs may be an important parameter to evaluate in relation to @entity1204 development.

title: The role of adipose-derived stem cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'EC']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer proliferation']


abstract: The incidence and severity of @entity2736 after sixty-five consecutive primary uncemented total hip replacements were compared with those after seventy consecutive primary hybrid total hip replacements (consisting of an uncemented acetabular component and a cemented femoral component). All @entity1 had had the arthroplasty because of @entity571 . The sex distribution, prevalence of bilateral disease of the hip, and frequency of previous operations were similar in both groups. All of the operations were performed by one surgeon who used the same operative approach. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and six-month follow-up radiographs were reviewed for all @entity1 . For 90 per cent of the hips, radiographs that were made after a minimum follow-up of one year were also reviewed. In the group of @entity1 who had an uncemented femoral component, there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of heterotopic bone and in its severity. Either none or only class-I ectopic bone developed in 74 per cent of the hips in the hybrid group, compared with 40 per cent of the hips in the uncemented group (p less than 0.005). In contrast, class-III or IV @entity2736 was evident in 13 per cent of the hips in the uncemented group (p less than 0.005). None of the @entity1 in the hybrid group needed reoperation for excision of ectopic bone, but four (6 per cent) of the @entity1 in the uncemented group needed such a reoperation because of severe limitation of motion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence of XXXX after total hip replacement: effect of the type of fixation of the femoral component.

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: In the past decade, several new antiepileptic drugs have been tested. Most recently, 5 new antiepileptic drugs have been launched onto European and US markets. These include @entity5305 , @entity2051 and @entity2812 in Europe, and @entity2807 and @entity2682 in the US. In addition to these, 3 additional drugs are in the clinical investigational stage: @entity4271 , @entity15992 and @entity2808 . A fourth agent is @entity1363 , which was originally introduced in 1986, but recently has shown effectiveness in the treatment of @entity159 . @entity4271 is a selective @entity460 channel blocker that has shown anticonvulsant properties in both animal and @entity1 studies. It is a long-acting anticonvulsant that clinical studies have shown to have effects similar to those of @entity3174 and @entity2049 in the treatment of partial, complex partial and generalised @entity410 . @entity15992 was developed to eliminate the poor aqueous solubility and irritant properties of intravenous @entity3174 . It is rapidly converted to @entity3174 after intravenous or intramuscular administration. In clinical studies, this prodrug showed minimal evidence of adverse events and no serious cardiovascular or respiratory adverse reactions. It may have a clear advantage over the present parenteral formulation of @entity3174 . @entity1363 is a @entity1245 that is more potent than @entity3175 as a sedative, muscle relaxant and in its influence on electroencephalographic measures. It has been shown to be an effective treatment for refractory @entity410 in @entity159 . @entity2808 has anticonvulsant properties as well as the ability to inhibit the @entity12325 system. There are significant metabolic drug interactions between @entity2808 and @entity3174 , @entity2049 and @entity109 ( @entity109 ). @entity2808 has been studied in @entity1 with partial @entity410 , @entity410 with some efficacious results.

title: New anticonvulsant drugs. Focus on XXXX , @entity15992 , @entity1363 and @entity2808 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy and refractory absence seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity15992 :: ('MESH:C043114', 'Chemical') :: ['Fosphenytoin', 'fosphenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4271 :: ('MESH:D005444', 'Chemical') :: ['flunarizine', 'Flunarizine']

entities_list: @entity2807 :: ('MESH:C047360', 'Chemical') :: ['felbamate']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2808 :: ('MESH:C021092', 'Chemical') :: ['stiripentol', 'Stiripentol']

answer: @entity4271 :: (MESH:D005444,Chemical) :: ['flunarizine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 1 @entity6 in @entity1 younger than 15 years is increasing. Prediction of future incidence of this disease will enable adequate fund allocation for delivery of care to be planned. We aimed to establish 15-year incidence trends for childhood type 1 @entity6 in European centres, and thereby predict the future burden of childhood @entity6 in Europe. METHODS: 20 population-based EURODIAB registers in 17 countries registered 29 311 new cases of type 1 @entity6 , diagnosed in @entity1 before their 15th birthday during a 15-year period, 1989-2003. Age-specific log linear rates of increase were estimated in five geographical regions, and used in conjunction with published incidence rates and population projections to predict numbers of new cases throughout Europe in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. FINDINGS: Ascertainment was better than 90% in most registers. All but two registers showed significant yearly increases in incidence, ranging from 0.6% to 9.3%. The overall annual increase was 3.9% (95% CI 3.6-4.2), and the increases in the age groups 0-4 years, 5-9 years, and 10-14 years were 5.4% (4.8-6.1), 4.3% (3.8-4.8), and 2.9% (2.5-3.3), respectively. The number of new cases in Europe in 2005 is estimated as 15 000, divided between the 0-4 year, 5-9 year, and 10-14 year age-groups in the ratio 24%, 35%, and 41%, respectively. In 2020, the predicted number of new cases is 24 400, with a doubling in numbers in @entity1 younger than 5 years and a more even distribution across age-groups than at present (29%, 37%, and 34%, respectively). Prevalence under age 15 years is predicted to rise from 94 000 in 2005, to 160 000 in 2020. INTERPRETATION: If present trends continue, doubling of new cases of type 1 @entity6 in European @entity1 younger than 5 years is predicted between 2005 and 2020, and prevalent cases younger than 15 years will rise by 70%. Adequate health-care resources to meet these @entity1 's needs should be made available. FUNDING: European Community Concerted Action Program.

title: Incidence trends for childhood type 1 XXXX in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity2718 -associated disease continues to be a major problem in hospitals and long-term care facilities throughout the developed world. Administration of certain antibiotics such as @entity115 , oral @entity2886 and @entity3402 is associated with the greatest risk of developing @entity2718 disease. The two antibiotics used for treatment of @entity2718 disease are @entity2176 and @entity868 , to which there is currently very little resistance. Randomly selected isolates (186) from 90 @entity1 being investigated during an 18-month epidemiological study into the disease were tested for their susceptibility to @entity2176 , @entity868 , @entity115 , @entity3402 , @entity3398 and @entity2756 by the NCCLS agar dilution method. There was a narrow range of MIC for the two treatment agents ( @entity2176 and @entity868 ), from 0.5 to 4 microg ml(-1), with no evidence of resistance. All strains were resistant to @entity3398 (MIC 64-256 microg ml(-1)), the antibiotic used in most selective media. All strains were of similar sensitivity to @entity115 (MIC(90)= 4 microg ml(-1)). Most strains were resistant to @entity2756 (MIC > or = 64 microg ml(-1)) or of intermediate resistance (MIC > or = 32 microg ml(-1)), with only two sensitive strains (MIC 16 microg ml(-1)). @entity3402 resistance was common, with 67 % of strains resistant (MIC > or = 8 microg ml(-1)), 25 % with intermediate resistance (MIC > or = 4 microg ml(-1)) and only 8 % sensitive (MIC < or = 2 microg ml(-1)). Twelve isolates from six different @entity1 had very high resistance to @entity3402 (MIC > or = 128 microg ml(-1)). Multiple isolates from the same @entity1 , taken at different times, showed changes in susceptibility patterns over time. The only major change in susceptibility over the time-period was in @entity3402 resistance; some strains appeared to become more resistant while others became less resistant. No differences were seen in the MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the different S-types of @entity2718 identified, although some S-types were present in very small numbers. There was no correlation between the antibiotics prescribed and susceptibility.

title: Changes in sensitivity patterns to selected antibiotics in @entity2718 in geriatric in- XXXX over an 18-month period.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin', 'Clindamycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity632 and @entity1260 are the two chemotherapy drugs that have consistently demonstrated activity in "soft @entity242 " (STS). However, STS is not a homogeneous entity but an umbrella term for a diverse group of more than 40 differing subtypes; each with distinct underlying biology, natural history and response to treatments. The accuracy of the histological and in some cases molecular diagnosis is therefore critical to the optimal treatment of these @entity1 . @entity1822 have been shown to have limited responsiveness to @entity1260 , but both the combination of @entity136 and @entity1205 , and single agent trabectedin have shown considerable activity in this @entity5 group. Differences in responses to chemotherapy are seen for @entity1822 of different anatomical sites with uterine @entity1822 demonstrating considerable chemo-responsiveness, whereas @entity455 appearing far less sensitivity. There is considerable variation in the sensitivity of the three main subtypes of @entity1821 , with well-differentiated @entity1821 showing generalised chemo-resistance through to the impressive responses seen @entity8253 and to trabectedin with the myxoid subtype. @entity5426 have demonstrated considerable sensitivity to @entity1311 , a drug that has little activity outside of @entity455 , and liposomal @entity632 appears to have a particular indication in this subtype. @entity1352 appear to have significant sensitivity to @entity1260 , even on re-challenge. On the other hand, there are subtypes that are chemo-resistant, including @entity5 , @entity11552 and @entity14495 , and chemotherapy plays no role in their management. Whilst it is obvious that there is a need to find new agents to treat these @entity5 , there is an imperative to make sure that the studies that evaluate their "efficacy" are designed to determine the efficacy within differing histiotypes through stratification by histological subtype, or enrichment strategies to ensure that "activity" is not diluted by unresponsive or even chemo-resistant @entity5 types.

title: Histology-driven chemotherapy in soft tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular leiomyosarcomas', 'vascular sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['Synovial sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'Leiomyosarcomas', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity11552 :: ('MESH:D018234', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar soft part sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that older beagles have impaired whole body and @entity296 responsiveness (MIR), and that glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity25600 [7-36] @entity6346 ) improves MIR in young beagles with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Here, we sought to determine if aging alone predisposes to an accelerated course of @entity384 , and if @entity25600 [7-36] @entity6346 would restore MIR and impact the course of @entity384 in older beagles. METHODS: Eight young beagles (Young-Control) and sixteen old beagles underwent chronic left ventricle (LV) instrumentation. Seven old beagles were treated with @entity25600 (7-36) @entity6346 (2.5 pmol/kg/min) for 2 weeks prior to instrumentation and for 35 days thereafter (Old   +   @entity25600 ), while other 9 served as control (Old-Control). All @entity235 underwent baseline metabolic determinations and LV biopsy for mitochondria isolation prior to the development of @entity384 induced by rapid pacing (240 min-1). Hemodynamic measurements were performed routinely as @entity712 progressed. RESULTS: At baseline, all old beagles had elevated non-esterifed @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ), and impaired MIR. @entity25600 reduced plasma @entity3691 (Old-Control: 853        34; Old   +   @entity25600 : 531        33  mol/L, p   <   0.02), improved MIR (Old-Control: 289        54; Old   +   @entity25600 : 512        44 mg/min/100 mg, p   <   0.05), and increased @entity60423 ( @entity60423 ) expression in isolated mitochondria. Compared to the Young-Control, the Old-Controls experienced an accelerated course of @entity384 (7 days versus 29 days, p   <   0.005) and excess mortality, while the Old   +   @entity25600 experienced increased latency to the onset of @entity384 (7 days versus 23 days, p   <   0.005) and reduced mortality. CONCLUSION: Aging is associated with @entity296 resistance, which predispose to an accelerated course of @entity384 . @entity25600 treatment is associated with increased MIR and protection against an accelerated course of @entity384 in older beagles.

title: @entity25600 (7-36) XXXX restores @entity296 and prevents the progression of @entity712 in senescent beagles.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial insulin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical manifestations in pediatric @entity8823 and to provide more information on diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: Sixty-two cases with recurrent @entity1729 , hoarseness and chronic cough were examined with @entity304 ( @entity304 ), @entity51 ( @entity51 ), and 24-hour pH monitoring. Those who had at least two positive test for reflux were given PPI for diagnostic therapy. RESULT: All @entity1 completed @entity304 ( @entity304 ) questionnaire and underwent fiberoptic laryngoscopy, and @entity51 ( @entity51 ) was evaluated. The positive rate of @entity304 and @entity51 was 91.94% and 79.03% differently. 24-hours pH monitoring and diagnostic therapy was about 30.76% and 85.48% differently. The symptoms show hoarseness 90.32%, postnasal drip 77.42%, difficulty swallowing 74.19%, @entity490 and @entity662 72.58%, throat clearing 64.52%, chronic cough 56.45%, @entity1282 51.61%, throat abnormal feeling 48.39%. Laryngoscope examination shows inter-arytenoid erythema 100%, @entity4 75.81%, diffuse @entity4 50.00%, posterior commissure @entity1184 33.87%, @entity4 4.84%, no @entity738 case. There was 16 cases showing positive in 24-hours pH monitoring test. The positive rate was 30.76%. All cases accepted diagnostic therapy. Fifty-three cases were effective. The positive rate was 85.48%. CONCLUSION: There are no clinical presentations specific to pediatric @entity8823 . @entity1 often present with a wide range of atypical symptoms and signs. @entity304 questionnaire and @entity51 may provide diagnostic datas. Primary treatment includes lifestyle and medical therapy.

title: [Clinical manifestations in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'reflux symptom index']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic edema', 'laryngeal edema', 'vocal mucosal oedema']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['reflux finding score', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

answer: @entity8823 :: (MESH:D057045,Disease) :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']


abstract: We describe the establishment and characterization of a new @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) cell line, KYdelta-1, which expressed delta/kappa type immunoglobulin (Ig). The @entity1 was a 65-year-old @entity1 with @entity1582 , who presented extramedullary dissemination, @entity3329 and short survival. The KYdelta-1 cell line was derived from the pleural fluid obtained in the terminal phase of the disease. The cells expressed delta/kappa Ig in the cytoplasm, and @entity2282 , @entity2393 , @entity1116 , @entity3053 , @entity1759 , @entity2071 , and HLA-DR antigens on the cell surface. Chromosomal analysis revealed two independent translocations, t(3;14)( @entity3544 ;q32) and t(3;11)( @entity3544 ;q13), which were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome painting probes. Reverse transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Northern blot analyses demonstrated overexpression of the @entity4910 gene, suggesting alteration of the @entity4910 - @entity4910 locus. We thus performed long-distance inverse PCR using nested primers for the Calpha constant region of @entity7513 ( @entity7513 ) and obtained a clone that encompassed the 11q13/ @entity7513 fusion. @entity377 sequencing determined that the fusion occurred at the Salpha2 switch region and at the centromeric side of the major translocation cluster of @entity4910 . The other @entity7513 allele consisted of a VDJ complex that was adjacent to the Cdelta constant gene, indicating that a class switch-like mechanism from the C(mu) to Cdelta was involved in the production of the Ig delta heavy chain. Point mutations within the @entity876 and @entity8497 genes were presumably related to the rapidly progressive disease in this particular @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: Establishment and characterization of a new @entity1 XXXX cell line, KYdelta-1, producing the delta/kappa type immunoglobulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity7513 :: ('3492', 'Gene') :: ['immunoglobulin heavy chain gene', 'IGH']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the largest single series of renal transplant @entity1 (adults and @entity1 ) with @entity1791 , assess the risk factors associated with @entity1791 in renal transplant recipients, and report the outcome of the multimodal management by endourological and open procedures. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of all @entity1 undergoing renal transplantation between 1977 and 2003 were reviewed. In all, 2085 @entity1 had a renal transplant at our centre and 21 (17 adults and four @entity1 ) developed urinary tract calculi. Their mode of presentation, investigations, treatments, complications and outcomes were recorded. Investigations included one or more of the following; ultrasonography (US), plain abdominal X-ray, intravenous urography, nephrostogram and computed tomography. Management of these calculi involved extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), flexible ureteroscopy and in situ lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), open pyelolithotomy and open cystolitholapaxy. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 had @entity1290 , seven had ureteric calculi and one had @entity3226 . The incidence of @entity1791 was 21/2085 (1.01%) in the series. @entity1791 was incidentally discovered on routine US in six @entity1 , six presented with @entity1458 or @entity1696 , including one with @entity810 , four with a painful graft, three with haematuria, one with @entity325 and in one, @entity1791 was found after failure to remove a stent. Ten @entity1 (63%) had an identifiable metabolic cause for @entity1791 , two by obstruction, two stent-related, one secondary to infection and in six no cause was identifiable. Thirteen required more than one treatment method; 13 (69%) were treated by ESWL, eight of whom required multiple sessions; eight required ureteric stent insertion before a second procedure and four required a nephrostomy tube to relieve obstruction. Two @entity1 had flexible ureteroscopy and stone extraction, three had a PCNL and one had open cystolithotomy. PCNL failed in one @entity1 who subsequently had successful open pyelolithotomy. All @entity1 were rendered stone-free when different treatments were combined. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1791 in renal transplant @entity1 is low. There is a high incidence of metabolic causes and therefore renal transplant @entity1 with @entity1791 should undergo comprehensive metabolic screening. Management of these @entity1 requires a multidisciplinary approach by renal physicians, transplant surgeons and urologists.

title: Multimodal management of XXXX in renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis secondary to obstruction and infection']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis', 'Urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical results of surgical treatment for @entity174 with internal fixation by posterior approach. METHODS: From January 2005 to June 2009, 12 @entity1 with Tile C type pelvis @entity174 were treated by open reduction through posterior approach. There were 8 males and 4 females, with an average age of 39.5 years ranging from 25 to 58 years. The time from injury to operation was ranged from 7 to 10 days with an average of 9.5 days. All the @entity1 were given X-ray, 3-D CT examinations before operation. The @entity174 were classified by Tile classification: Type C1 in 5 cases, Type C2 in 2 cases, Type C1 and Type C2 in 4 cases, Type C3 in 1 case. All the posterior rings were fixed by re-establishing steel board without anterior ring fixation after stabilization of body condition. All the @entity1 were treated with skin traction for 3 weeks after operation. RESULTS: All 12 @entity1 were followed up for 6 months to 24 months with an average of 12.6 months. All the incisions healed well, and the @entity174 got union. No pelvic malunion, @entity1643 or @entity3656 was found. According to Majeed criteria for the evaluation of therapeutic effect, 10 @entity1 were excellent, and 2 were good. CONCLUSION: In the management of the @entity174 , a stable pelvis can be reconstructed by fixing posterior ring simply through the posterior approach, so that further sequelae can be reduced.

title: [Surgical treatment for Tile C type pelvis XXXX through posterior approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Tile C type pelvis fractures']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['leg length discrepancy']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common benign lesions of the kidney are simple cysts. They are acquired lesions and mostly affect the elderly population. OBJECTIVES: To describe the usage of choice-lock catheter and trocar technique in percutaneous @entity8 treatment and determining long-term outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out between February 2000 and July 2011. Eighty-eight cysts all of which were Bosniak type-1 cysts were selected in 75 @entity1 . The treatment indications were @entity812 , @entity3041 and @entity101 . The choice-lock catheter was used for 84 cysts with the trocar technique. Ninety-five percent @entity1068 was used as the sclerosing agent. Maximum volume of the injected @entity1068 was 175 ml. The mean follow-up time after the treatment procedure was 23 months. Sixty-four cysts were located in the cortical and 24 cysts were located at the parapelvic region. RESULTS: Fifty-seven cysts had complete regression, while 31 cysts regressed partially. After the procedure, @entity158 was relieved in 44 (82%) @entity1 and the @entity158 alleviated in four (8%). Normotension was obtained in five (62.5%) of the eight @entity101 @entity1 and no @entity3041 was detected in nine @entity1 . There were no relationship between the localization and the regression rate. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous @entity1068 sclerotheraphy in simple cysts is a safe, cost-effective and minimally invasive method. We consider that this technique may be an alternative solution in the percutaneous cyst treatment.

title: The role of choice-lock catheter and trocar technique in percutaneous ablation of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cyst']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: Mitral lesion in 47 @entity1 who received reoperation after an initial open mitral commissurotomy (OMC) for @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) was studied. The diagnosis before OMC consisted of pure @entity4794 in 38 @entity1 , with mild @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in 8 and with moderate @entity339 in 1. At OMC the diameter of the mitral orifice was a mean of 1.3 +/- 0.5 cm and a mobile cusp was found in 12 and a thickened cusp in 35 @entity1 . Subvalvular fusion was seen in 15 @entity1 , @entity730 of cusp or subvalvular region in 10 and left @entity715 in 6. After OMC, the diameter of the mitral orifice was opened to a mean of 3.2 +/- 0.3 cm. The interval between the initial operation and the time of reoperation was a mean of 124 months. The mitral lesion necessitating reoperation was @entity4794 in 18, moderate to severe @entity339 in 10, and @entity7612 in 19. At reoperation the mitral orifice ranged in diameter from 0.8 to 4.2 cm (mean, 2.3 +/- 0.8 cm). There was no correlation between the occurrence of @entity339 or @entity256 and the subvalvular division at initial OMC. Left @entity715 was identified in four and @entity730 in 17 @entity1 . At reoperation 46 @entity1 received mitral valve replacement, while only 1 received a second OMC. The removed valve showed no pathological findings of active @entity627 but more severe @entity730 and hyalinization of the valve than those at initial operation. There were three early @entity204 (6.4%) after reoperation. The recurring mitral lesion seemed to consist of deteriorated pathological changes of the valve and @entity339 and thus mitral valve replacement was recommended to provide a favorable operative result for non-flexible lesion after OMC.

title: Clinical study of 47 XXXX with reoperation after open mitral commissurotomy.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with a novel technique of @entity5 removal: en bloc resection of the @entity5 , @entity715 , and inferior vena cava (IVC) via vascular staple ligation and excision, and to excise all @entity5 , which may include a portion of the IVC when invasion is present. Management of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with IVC @entity715 presents a challenge. Options for @entity5 excision include thrombectomy with or without cardiopulmonary bypass, replacement of the cava with synthetic or venous graft, or caval excision without replacement. METHODS: Six @entity1 with extensive @entity1358 with IVC @entity715 were evaluated. All @entity1 underwent preoperative imaging that depicted completely obstructing IVC @entity715 of varying cranial extension with apparent invasion of the caval wall. None had lower extremity @entity4 . @entity1 underwent IVC staple ligation and en bloc resection of @entity5 and @entity715 . Pre-, intra-, and postoperative as well as pathological factors were measured. These included estimated @entity190 , transfusions, and procedure length. Inpatient factors including duration of intubation, length of intensive care unit stay, and overall length of stay were recorded. @entity5 -free status was evaluated. RESULTS: All @entity1 had Fuhrman Grade 4 @entity1358 . No perioperative @entity204 occurred. Mean estimated @entity190 was 6350 mL (range 900-25 000). Length of intubation averaged 1.5 days. Mean intensive care unit stay was 4.3 days. Overall length of stay averaged 9.3 days. CONCLUSIONS: Complete excision of a portion of the IVC, using a vascular stapler in conjunction with radical nephrectomy is a satisfactory method to remove @entity1358 with IVC invasion. Sufficient collateral circulation exists for venous return from the lower extremities.

title: Vascular stapling of the inferior vena cava: further refinement of techniques for the excision of extensive XXXX with unresectable vena-caval involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When conservative treatment fails to provide relief for a symptomatic @entity29565 , surgical intervention may be necessary. Numerous studies have been published, reporting the results of the traditional Kidner procedure and alternative surgical techniques, all of which produce mostly satisfactory clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical results, utilizing the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Midfoot Scale, of surgical management for symptomatic @entity29565 with simple excision and anatomic repair of the tibialis posterior tendon. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of 13 consecutive @entity1 (14 feet) who underwent surgical treatment for symptomatic @entity29565 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 16 to 64 years (average, 34.1 years; mean, 28.2 years) at the time of surgery. All @entity1 had a type II @entity29565 . The average follow-up of the @entity1 involved in the study was 103.4 months (range, 45-194 months). The AOFAS Midfoot Scale was utilized to determine both preoperative and postoperative clinical status of the 14 feet included in the study. RESULTS: The average preoperative AOFAS score was 48.2 (range, 20-75; mean, 38.8). The average postoperative AOFAS score was 94.5 (range, 83-100; mean, 94.3). At last follow-up, 13 of 14 feet were without any @entity158 , no @entity1 had activity limitations, and only two of 14 feet required shoe insert modification. Postoperatively, no @entity1 had a clinically notable change in their preoperative midfoot longitudinal arch alignment. All of the @entity1 in the study were satisfied with the outcome of their surgery and would undergo the same operation again under similar circumstances. CONCLUSIONS: When conservative measures fail to relieve the symptoms of a painful @entity29565 , simple excision of the @entity29565 and anatomic repair of the posterior tibialis tendon is a successful intervention. Overall, the procedure provides reliable @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction. In the current study, the clinical status of each @entity1 improved significantly postoperatively, quantified utilizing the AOFAS Midfoot Scale.

title: Clinical outcome of surgical treatment of the symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity29565 :: ('MESH:C536002', 'Disease') :: ['accessory navicular']

answer: @entity29565 :: (MESH:C536002,Disease) :: ['accessory navicular']


abstract: Arterial pH, @entity4095 and pCO2 were analysed with Astup's micromethod on one hundred and three acute @entity583 (A.M.I.) without metabolic, pulmonary and @entity8 . Following the clinical picute, the @entity1 were divided into five groups and results were clinically and statistically evaluated (mean, standard deviation, Student's test "t", correlation coefficient "r" between @entity4095 and pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure): --Ist group (A.M.I. without complications): only mild @entity519 ; --IInd group (A.M.I. with slight @entity1002 ): more remarkable @entity519 and @entity13147 , often with @entity3945 ; --IIIrd group (A.M.I. complicated by @entity4 ): mixed @entity520 and severe @entity519 ; --IVth group (A.M.I. complicated by shock): prevailing @entity520 and severe @entity519 . @entity520 shows good correlations with the clinical picture; --Vth group (A.M.I. with serious @entity943 ): mixed and profound @entity520 and important @entity519 during @entity2224 and @entity1167 . In twenty @entity1 @entity519 and arterial pulmonary diastolic pressure showed a significant correlation.

title: [Blood gas analysis and acid-base balance in acute XXXX . Personal observations (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'Acidosis', 'metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity13147 :: ('MESH:D016857', 'Disease') :: ['hypocapnia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Sympatho- @entity409 has been proposed as a factor related to @entity6587 . However, humoral factors, which stimulate beta adrenoceptors, have not been evaluated sufficiently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the secretory capacity of @entity2922 (CA) in @entity1 with @entity565 . We carried out an insulin tolerance test on 24 @entity748 (mild: 8, moderate: 9, severe: 8) and 8 healthy volunteers. Plasma @entity1425 (AD), @entity1063 (NA) and @entity935 (DO) were measured by the enzymic isotope method. The following results were obtained: 1) There was no difference in plasma NA and DO between the @entity748 and and healthy controls. 2) With regard to plasma AD, the mild @entity748 showed a normal response, whereas the severe @entity748 showed a significantly low response. This low AD response was also confirmed in non- @entity748 using @entity230 continuously. @entity393 response was therefore shown to be due to hypoadrenocortical function. 3) The @entity748 whose attacks suddenly grew worse showed an obviously decreased plasma AD response. These results suggest that there is no natural dysfunction of CA secretion in @entity1 with @entity565 . However, these results imply that continuous @entity134 use induces low AD secretion, and that @entity134 -dependent @entity748 have a decreased productive capacity against @entity2459 .

title: [ XXXX secretory capacity in @entity1 with @entity565 --influence of severity and glucocorticoid use].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased AD']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden asthmatic attack']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: Short-term trials with the antioxidant @entity12837 (TA) appear to improve @entity1109 in @entity6 @entity1 , but the long-term response remains to be established. Therefore, Type 1 and Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity305 were randomly assigned to three treatment regimens: (1) 2 x 600(mg of TA (TA 1200), (2) 600)mg of TA plus placebo ( @entity1989 ) (TA 600) or (3) placebo and placebo ( @entity1989 ). A @entity8973 salt solution of TA of 1200 or 600 mg or @entity1989 was intravenously administered once daily for five consecutive days before enrolling the @entity1 in the oral treatment phase. The study was prospective, @entity1989 -controlled, randomized, double-blind and conducted for two years. Severity of @entity3949 was assessed by the @entity16 Score (NDS) and electrophysiological attributes of the sural (sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP)) and the tibial (motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), motor nerve distal latency (MNDL)) nerve. Statistical analysis was performed after independent reviewers excluded all @entity1 with highly variable data allowing a final analysis of 65 @entity1 (TA 1200: n = 18, TA 600: n = 27; @entity1989 : n = 20). At baseline no significant differences were noted between the groups regarding the demographic variables and peripheral nerve function parameters for these 65 @entity1 . Statistically significant changes after 24 months between TA and @entity1989 were observed (mean +/- SD) for sural SNCV: +3.8 +/- 4.2 m/s in TA 1200, +3.0+/-3.0m/s in TA 600, -0.1+/-4.8m/s in @entity1989 (p < 0.05 for TA 1200 and TA 600 vs. @entity1989 ); sural SNAP: +0.6+/-2.5 microV in TA 1200, +0.3+/-1.4 microV in TA 600, -0.7 +/- 1.5 microV in @entity1989 (p = 0.076 for TA 1200 vs. @entity1989 and p < 0.05 for TA 600 vs. @entity1989 ), and in tibial MNCV: +/- 1.2 +/- 3.8 m/s in TA 1200, -0.3 +/- 5.2 m/s in TA 600, 1.5 +/- 2.9 m/s in @entity1989 (p < 0.05 for TA 1200 vs. @entity1989 ). No significant differences between the groups after 24 months were noted regarding the tibial MNDL and the NDS. We conclude that in a subgroup of @entity1 after exclusion of @entity1 with excessive test variability throughout the trial, TA appeared to have a beneficial effect on several attributes of nerve conduction.

title: Treatment of @entity3949 with the antioxidant XXXX ( @entity12837 ): a two year multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (ALADIN II). Alpha @entity12837 in @entity3949 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy Disability']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity12837 :: ('MESH:D008063', 'Chemical') :: ['thioctic acid']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['trometamol']

answer: @entity12837 :: (MESH:D008063,Chemical) :: ['thioctic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early- to mid-gestational fetal @entity1 skin wounds heal rapidly and without @entity2318 . Keratinocytes (KCs) have been found to exert important effects on the regulation of fibroblasts. There may be significant differences of gestational fetal KCs at different ages. The advantages in early- to mid-gestational fetal KCs could lead to fetal scarless wound healing. METHODS: KCs from six @entity1 fetal skin samples were divided into two groups: a mid-gestation group (less than 28 weeks of gestational age) and a late-gestation group (more than 28 weeks of gestational age). RNA extracted from KCs was used to prepare a library of small RNAs for next-generation sequencing (NGS). To uncover potential novel microRNA (miRNAs), the mirTools 2.0 web server was used to identify candidate novel @entity1 miRNAs from the NGS data. Other bioinformatical analyses were used to further validate the novel miRNAs. The expression levels of the miRNAs were further confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: A total of 61.59 million reads were mapped to 1,170 known @entity1 miRNAs in miRBase. Among a total of 202 potential novel miRNAs uncovered, 106 candidates have a higher probability of being novel @entity1 miRNAs. A total of 110 miRNAs, including 22 novel miRNA candidates, were significantly differently expressed between mid- and late-gestational fetal KCs. Thirty-three differentially expressed miRNAs and @entity7762 family members are correlated with the @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) pathway. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results provide compelling evidence supporting the existence of 106 novel miRNAs and the dynamic expression of miRNAs that extensively targets the @entity2533 pathway at different gestational ages in fetal KCs. MiRNAs showing altered expression at different gestational ages in fetal KCs may contribute to scarless wound healing in early- to mid-gestational fetal KCs, and thus may be new targets for potential scar prevention and reduction therapies.

title: Dynamic Expression of Novel MiRNA Candidates and MiRNA-34 Family Members in Early- to Mid-Gestational Fetal Keratinocytes Contributes to Scarless Wound Healing by Targeting the XXXX Pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-b']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-b']


abstract: @entity900 and @entity2699 are used widely in the treatment of @entity320 . To evaluate high-dose @entity900 and @entity2699 , 32 @entity1 with @entity320 were treated with @entity900 50 mg/m2 and @entity2699 350 mg/m2 daily for three days repeated at 28-day intervals. Their median age was 43.5 years (range, 25 to 73 years), and their median Karnofsky performance status was 80% (range, 70% to 100%). Measurable and evaluable disease sites (number of @entity1 ) included lymph nodes (22), lung (17), soft tissue (16), liver (13), bone (seven), spleen (four), adrenal gland (three), skin (three), and other sites (five). @entity1 received a median of two cycles of therapy (range, one to eight cycles). Thirty @entity1 were evaluable for response. No complete responses were observed. Five @entity1 had a partial response (17%; 95% confidence interval, 3% to 30%) for 16+, 12+, 7, 6.5, and 3 months. Responding sites of disease included lymph nodes (five of 22), lung (three of 17), and soft tissue (two of 16). @entity1503 (Grade greater than or equal to 3) included @entity1398 (16 of 32 @entity1 , 30 of 90 cycles), @entity882 (eight of 32 @entity1 , 12 of 90 cycles), and @entity417 (five @entity1 ). Nine episodes of @entity1398 and @entity221 were seen in four @entity1 ; two had @entity2259 . @entity137 (Grade greater than or equal to 3) included @entity551 (two @entity1 ), @entity390 and @entity391 (four), @entity16 (two), @entity2167 (four), and @entity1272 (nine). The low objective response rate and severe @entity137 of this regimen preclude its standard use in @entity1 with @entity320 . A review of @entity900 -based therapy in @entity320 suggests that there is no dose-response relationship. The use of high-dose @entity900 (greater than 100 mg/m2) in the treatment of @entity320 is not recommended.

title: A phase II trial of high-dose @entity900 and @entity2699 . Lack of efficacy of high-dose, XXXX -based therapy for @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Nonhematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The vascular anatomy in the acetabular region involves a certain risk of arterial and @entity1317 complicating orthopaedic surgery. These complications have been grouped into four categories: lacerations, @entity715 , @entity2849 and @entity2548 . In a period of 5 years, three injuries of the external iliac artery and four lesions of the femoral artery associated with @entity572 were treated surgically at the Department of Vascular Surgery of the University Hospital in Graz. In one case a concomitant lesion of the pelvic vein was observed. The incidence of @entity1317 in total hip surgery is 0.3%. Combined @entity1317 and vein led to a life-threatening @entity548 complication. The vascular lesion became manifest as acute ischaemia of the lower extremity or as an acute @entity548 30 min to 2 h after primary surgery. The late complication of a false @entity438 occurred in one @entity1 3 weeks after total hip replacement. Reconstruction of the @entity455 was performed by direct suture, except that two @entity455 required the use of @entity736 ( @entity736 ) vascular grafts. Vessels in the pelvic region are at high risk if screw fixation acetabular components are used. Perforation of the iliac artery by protruded methylmethacrylate polymer components of cement has been documented. The obturator vessels are in a vulnerable position if the acetabular floor has been broached by operative instruments or eroded by loosening of the prosthesis facilitated by @entity170 , steroids or sepsis. Femoral vessels are endangered by Hohmann retractors that are not placed directly on bone. Though @entity1317 during hip operations is rare, recognition of such complications is important as safe and satisfactory treatment can be achieved. Rapid identification and immediate surgical repair of these lacerations are essential for their management.

title: [ XXXX in surgery of the hip joint].

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic vascular injuries', 'injury of the external iliac artery', 'venous injuries', 'vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm of the femoral artery']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Vascular lesions']


abstract: Mosquitoes transmit serious @entity1 diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In this study, larvicidal activity of synthesized @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous extract from Eclipta prostrata, a member of the Asteraceae was investigated against fourth instar larvae of @entity6565 vector, @entity2957 say and @entity311 vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). The synthesized AgNPs characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and @entity11898 ( @entity11898 ). SEM analyses of the synthesized AgNPs were clearly distinguishable measured 35-60 nm in size. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of synthesized AgNPs for 24h. The maximum efficacy was observed in crude aqueous, and synthesized AgNPs against @entity2957 (LC(50)=27.49 and 4.56 mg/L; LC(90)=70.38 and 13.14 mg/L), and against A. subpictus (LC(50)=27.85 and 5.14 mg/L; LC(90)=71.45 and 25.68 mg/L) respectively. The chi-square value were significant at p<0.05 level. These results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus and A. subpictus. This method is considered as a new approach to control vectors. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of synthesized AgNPs against vectors.

title: Larvicidal activity of synthesized @entity575 nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaf extract against XXXX and @entity311 vectors.

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['XRD', 'X-ray diffraction']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity2957 :: ('7176', 'Species') :: ['C. quinquefasciatus', 'Culex quinquefasciatus']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['filariasis']


abstract: In the @entity35 parotid gland, the neuropeptide substance @entity10133 ), as well as SP(4-11), and septide elicited @entity19260 production (EC50 values 0.44, 2, and 20 nM, respectively). No additivity of the maximal response to the three agonists was observed. SP, SP(4-11), and septide also stimulated protein secretion; for SP, two EC50 were determined (0.5 and 160 nM), whereas a single one could be determined for SP(4-11) and septide (EC50 values 15 and 20 nM, respectively). The selective @entity4756 @entity16325 antagonist @entity10126 acted as a competitive inhibitor of both SP- and SP(4-11)-induced @entity19260 production. Its effect on septide-induced @entity19260 production was noncompetitive. @entity10126 is apparently as potent at antagonizing septide, SP, or SP(4-11) (in all cases KB = 3 nM). These results show that in parotid gland, only NK1 receptors are activated by SP, SP(4-11), and septide. We also showed that the protein secretion stimulated by SP was inhibited competitively by @entity10126 , whereas the effect of @entity10126 was noncompetitive on protein secretion when SP(4-11) or septide was used. Our data indicate that in @entity35 parotid gland, the existence of a specific "septide-sensitive" receptor can be ruled out and that only the @entity16325 is present and mediates cellular responses. Taken together, these results show that in this tissue the @entity16325 would present at least two different binding sites that could be coupled to different transduction pathways and that would regulate protein secretion.

title: A "septide-sensitive" receptor is not involved in @entity4756 -mediated secretory and @entity19260 responses in XXXX parotid gland: are several transduction pathways involved after the stimulation of the @entity16325 ?

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['tachykinin']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Plant mitochondria contain an @entity44953 ( @entity44953 ) acting as a terminal electron acceptor of the alternative pathway in the electron transport chain. Here we describe the production of inducible antisense @entity44954 plants of @entity958 . and the procedures used to determine the resulting alternative pathway activity. The @entity958 @entity44954 cDNA sequence was cloned behind a @entity920 -inducible promoter system in the antisense orientation. @entity958 (Columbia) plants were transformed by in-planta vacuum infiltration with Agrobacterium containing the antisense construct. Whole-leaf @entity1068 production was used as a measure to investigate alternative pathway activity in the presence of @entity8581 . After 24 h, leaves from the @entity920 -induced, antisense line F1.1 produced up to 8.8 times more @entity1068 (via aerobic fermentation) than the non-induced and wild-type leaves, indicating effective cytochrome pathway inhibition by @entity8581 and a decreased alternative pathway activity in induced F1.1 leaves. Transgene expression studies also revealed no expression in non-induced leaves and up until 24 h post-induction. @entity920 -induced transgenic leaves were less susceptible to alternative pathway inhibition than non-induced transgenic leaves, as seen via tissue-slice respiratory studies, and mitochondrial respiration, using F1.1 cell cultures, also supported this. These results demonstrate the successful production of a transgenic line of @entity958 in which the alternative pathway activity can be genetically manipulated with an inducible antisense system.

title: The production of an inducible antisense @entity44953 ( XXXX ) plant.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity920 :: ('MESH:D003300', 'Chemical') :: ['copper', 'Copper']

answer: @entity44954 :: (821806(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['Aox1a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) after thyroidectomy is a common health problem in the recovery room. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the Nei-Guan (P6) acupressure wristband for @entity1209 among @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: Sixty Korean female @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (n = 20 each). The control group received usual care without the wristband. The placebo group received usual nursing care plus a wristband at the non-P6 site. The treatment group received usual care plus a wristband at the P6 acupoint 30 minutes before anesthesia; the wristband was removed before leaving the recovery room. Data were collected at 3 periods: in the recovery room and at 6 and 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: The @entity390 scores of the treatment group were significantly lower than the scores of the placebo or control groups in the recovery room (F = 6.229, P = .044). There were no significant @entity391 or retching among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The P6 stimulation with wristband suppressed @entity390 right after thyroidectomy in the recovery room but did not suppress subsequent vomiting or retching. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: The findings indicate that P6 acupressure has the short-term effect of relieving @entity390 but not vomiting and retching. Use of P6 wristband holds promise and suggests the need for further testing in a larger randomized clinical trial. Identifying other acupoints is recommended to achieve successful management of @entity1209 .

title: Effects of Nei-Guan (P6) Acupressure Wristband: On @entity390 , Vomiting, and Retching in XXXX After Thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['differences in vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Between 1996 and 2000, we treated ten @entity1 with severely comminuted @entity174 of the radial head using low-profile mini-plates. Their mean age was 42 years (24 to 71). Three @entity174 were @entity34296 and seven were @entity34296 . At a mean follow-up of 28.5 months (15 to 44), all @entity174 had united. The plates were removed in nine @entity1 . No @entity1 had difficulty with daily activities or symptoms of instability of the elbow. The mean range of flexion of the elbow was from 7 degrees to 135 degrees, with 74 degrees of supination and 85 degrees of pronation. According to the Broberg and Morrey functional elbow index, the mean score was 90.7 points (73 to 100), and the outcome was excellent in three @entity1 , good in six and fair in one. These results compare favourably with those reported previously. The technique is applicable to severely comminuted @entity174 of the radial head which otherwise would require excision.

title: Open reduction and internal fixation of comminuted XXXX of the radial head using low-profile mini-plates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity34296 :: ('MESH:C562772', 'Disease') :: ['Mason type III', 'Mason-Johnston type IV']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: This chapter has reviewed research on psychological and social factors associated with the onset and progression of @entity1643 . From this review it can be concluded that psychosocial traits appear to be important contributors to the course of @entity158 and disability though methodologically well-designed longitudinal studies are rare. For this reason it is difficult to assess the relative importance of, for example, @entity458 compared with work stress. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which specific @entity615 remain unknown. The answer, no doubt, lies in longitudinal studies which employ multicausal models. It has been noted the psychosocial treatments which have proven effective for @entity1118 populations are rarely assessed with acute @entity158 @entity1 . Some problems are the inaccessibility of @entity615 sufferers to psychologists, the difficulty of isolating the effect of one component of a multidisciplinary programme and the lack of uniform practice of psychosocial techniques. None the less, programmes which include psychosocial interventions appear to have superior results to those which do not. Since these techniques are often simple and inexpensive to include they should be incorporated into all treatment programmes where the potential for @entity1118 exists. Gaps and flaws in current research methodologies have been identified and suggestions for future investigations have been proposed. In addition we have attempted to provide some practical guidelines for health care professionals to help them identify salient psychosocial issues which may effect the course of their @entity1 's treatment. Recommendations for assessment and referral are also provided.

title: Psychosocial issues in the prevention of XXXX --a literature review.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute back pain', 'variables effect back pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of orthodontic expansion on graft area of a tissue-engineered bone (TEB) BMSCs/ @entity28687 , and to find an alternative strategy for the therapy of @entity2419 . A unilateral @entity2419 @entity235 model was established and then treated with BMSCs/ @entity28687 under rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Sequential fluorescent labeling, radiography and helical computed tomography were used to evaluate new bone formation and mineralization in the graft area. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and Van Gieson* s picro fuchsin staining were performed for histological and histomorphometric observation. ALP activity, mineralization and the expression of osteogenic differentiation related genes of BMSCs that grew on the @entity28687 scaffold were promoted by their cultivation in osteogenic medium. Based on fact, TEB was constructed. After 8 weeks of treatment with BMSCs/ @entity28687 followed by RME, new bone formation and mineralization of the @entity235 were markedly accelerated, and bone resorption was significantly reduced, compared with the untreated @entity235 , or those only treated with autogenous iliac bone. The treatment with both TEB and RME evidently made the bone trabecula more abundant and the area of bone formation larger. What is more, there were no significant differences between BMSCs/ @entity28687 group and the group treated with autogenous bone and RME. This study further revealed that TEB was not only a feasible clinical approach for @entity1 with @entity2419 , but also a potential substituent of autogenous bone, and its combination with RME might be an alternative strategy for the therapy of @entity2419 .

title: Rapid maxillary expansion in XXXX repaired with a tissue-engineered bone in a @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar cleft']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['alveolar cleft']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Biventricular ( @entity3032 ) pacing in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) improves survival, relieves symptoms and attenuates left ventricular remodeling. However, little is known about @entity3032 in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity713 ( @entity713 ) because they are typically excluded from @entity3032 trials. METHODS AND RESULTS: -The BLOCK @entity712 trial randomized @entity1 with @entity713 , NYHA symptom class I-III @entity712 , and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)  <=50% to @entity3032 or right ventricular (RV) pacing. Doppler echocardiograms (DE) were obtained at randomization (following 30-60 days of RV pacing post-implant) and every 6 months through 24 months. Data analysis comparing changes in 10 pre-specified echo parameters over time was conducted using a Bayesian design. Left ventricular end systolic volume index (LVESVI) was also evaluated as a predictor of mortality/morbidity. Of 691 randomized subjects, 624 had paired DE data for one or more analyses at 6, 12, 18 or 24 months. Biventricular pacing significantly reduced LV volume indices and @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), and improved LVEF, consistent with LV reverse remodeling. These parameters showed little change with RV pacing alone, indicating no systematic reverse remodeling with RV pacing. LVESVI was predictive of mortality/morbidity; the estimated risk increased up to 1% for every 1 mL/m(2) increase in LVESVI. CONCLUSIONS: -LVESVI is a significant predictor of mortality/morbidity in this population. Cardiac structure and function are improved with @entity3032 pacing for @entity1 with @entity713 . Clinical Trial Registration-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00267098.

title: Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling With Biventricular Versus Right Ventricular Pacing in @entity1 With @entity713 and XXXX in the BLOCK @entity712 Trial.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block', 'AVB and LV systolic dysfunction', 'AVB']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['IVMD', 'intraventricular mechanical delay']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: Executive functions consist of multiple high-level cognitive processes that drive rule generation and behavioral selection. An emergent property of these processes is the ability to adjust behavior in response to changes in one's environment (i.e., behavioral flexibility). These processes are essential to normal @entity1 behavior, and may be disrupted in diverse neuropsychiatric conditions, including @entity161 , @entity988 , @entity308 , @entity64 , and @entity195 . Understanding of the neurobiology of executive functions has been greatly advanced by the availability of animal tasks for assessing discrete components of behavioral flexibility, particularly strategy shifting and reversal learning. While several types of tasks have been developed, most are non-automated, labor intensive, and allow testing of only one animal at a time. The recent development of automated, operant-based tasks for assessing behavioral flexibility streamlines testing, standardizes stimulus presentation and data recording, and dramatically improves throughput. Here, we describe automated strategy shifting and reversal tasks, using operant chambers controlled by custom written software programs. Using these tasks, we have shown that the medial prefrontal cortex governs strategy shifting but not reversal learning in the @entity35 , similar to the dissociation observed in @entity1 . Moreover, animals with a neonatal @entity75 , a neurodevelopmental model of @entity161 , are selectively impaired on the strategy shifting task but not the reversal task. The strategy shifting task also allows the identification of separate types of performance errors, each of which is attributable to distinct neural substrates. The availability of these automated tasks, and the evidence supporting the dissociable contributions of separate prefrontal areas, makes them particularly well-suited assays for the investigation of basic neurobiological processes as well as drug discovery and screening in disease models.

title: Operant procedures for assessing behavioral flexibility in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal lesion']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We have developed genetically fluorescent orthotopic models of @entity1 @entity788 . In these models, noninvasive fluorescent protein imaging (FPI) of internal @entity5 and metastatic deposits has been carried out. @entity5 images are easily and inexpensively obtained using FPI, permitting both detection and quantification of @entity5 load. In this study, we simultaneously compared single @entity19 with a highly fluorescent, red fluorescent protein-expressing orthotopic @entity788 xenografts with both FPI and high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Images were acquired at multiple time points after @entity5 implantation in the pancreas. Indwelling @entity788 and metastatic foci were detected by both FPI and MRI. Moreover, a strong correlation existed between images taken with these two technologies. FPI permitted rapid, high-throughput imaging without the need for either anesthesia or contrast agents. Both FPI and MRI enabled accurate imaging of @entity5 growth and @entity3 , although MRI enabled tissue structure to be visualized as well. FPI has high resolution and is exceedingly rapid with instant image capture. We suggest a complimentary role for these two imaging modalities.

title: High correlation of whole-body red fluorescent protein imaging and magnetic resonance imaging on an orthotopic model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic primary tumors', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Whole-body tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Within the last two decades, heterozygous loss-of-function @entity15529 mutations have been reported in @entity1 with a wide degree of @entity1374 and growth despite the presence of identical mutations. OBJECTIVES: To search for @entity15529 mutations in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity6750 ( @entity6750 ) and various types of @entity1374 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a cohort of @entity1 . SETTING: The French neonatal screening program was used for recruiting @entity1 . @entity1 : A total of 118 @entity1 with @entity6750 , including 45 with familial and 73 with @entity66 , were included in this study. The thyroid gland was normal in 23 @entity1 had @entity509 , 25 had hemithyroid agenesis, 21 had athyreosis, and 21 had ectopy. RESULTS: We found four different @entity15529 mutations ( @entity58131 , @entity58132 , @entity58133 , and @entity58134 ) in ten @entity1 (six @entity1 with @entity6750 and four family members), two with sporadic and eight with @entity74 . Imaging studies performed in the index cases showed @entity16490 (n=2), @entity509 (n=2), eutopic lobar asymmetry (n=1), and eutopic gland compatible with dyshormonogenesis (n=1). The previously reported @entity58131 and the novel @entity58134 @entity15529 mutations are devoid of activity. CONCLUSION: Four different @entity15529 mutations were detected in six index @entity1 with @entity6750 (ten total subjects). The @entity58131 , @entity58132 , and @entity58133 mutations have been reported. The novel @entity58134 @entity15529 mutation presented loss of function leading to @entity6750 . Thyroid ectopy was observed in two cases of @entity15529 ( @entity58132 ) mutation, a finding that has not been reported previously. We observed a high inter-individual and intra-familial variability of the phenotype in @entity15529 mutations, underlining that population genetic studies for @entity6750 should include @entity1 with various clinical presentations.

title: Extreme phenotypic variability of @entity16490 in six new cases of XXXX due to @entity15529 gene loss-of-function mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity58132 :: ('p|SUB|R|31|H', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R31H']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic diseases']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity58134 :: ('p|SUB|I|47|T', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.I47T']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial diseases']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'congenital hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity58131 :: ('p|SUB|R|31|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R31C']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland dysfunction', 'thyroid gland defects']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: PURPOSE: Compare performance of normalized reflectance index (NRI) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) parameters determined from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for @entity726 and @entity726 suspect diagnosis. METHODS: Seventy-five eyes from 71 @entity1 subjects were studied: 33 controls, 24 glaucomatous, and 18 @entity726 -suspects. RNFLT and NRI maps were measured using 2 custom-built OCT systems and the commercial instrument RTVue. Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, RNFLT and NRI measured in 7 RNFL locations were analyzed to distinguish between control, glaucomatous, and @entity2790 . RESULTS: The mean NRI of the control group was significantly larger than the means of glaucomatous and @entity2790 in most RNFL locations for all 3 OCT systems (P<0.05 for all comparisons). NRI performs significantly better than RNFLT at distinguishing between @entity2790 using RTVue OCT (P=0.008). The performances of NRI and RNFLT for classifying @entity2790 were statistically indistinguishable for PS-OCT-EIA (P=0.101) and PS-OCT-DEC (P=0.227). The performances of NRI and RNFLT for classifying @entity735 were statistically indistinguishable (PS-OCT-EIA: P=0.379; PS-OCT-DEC: P=0.338; RTVue OCT: P=0.877). CONCLUSIONS: NRI is a promising measure for distinguishing between @entity2790 and may indicate disease in the preperimetric stage. Results of this pilot clinical study warrant a larger study to confirm the diagnostic power of NRI for diagnosing @entity726 .

title: Retinal nerve fiber layer reflectance for early XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous versus control eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma-suspect versus control eyes', 'glaucoma-suspect and control eyes', 'glaucoma-suspect groups', 'glaucoma-suspect eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['preperimetric glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']