abstract: The expression of @entity12 has recently been proposed as a novel @entity5 escape mechanism for @entity320 . To establish the characteristics of @entity12 expression during the course of @entity320 progression we performed a longitudinal study analyzing @entity5 as well as subsequently evolving metastases. In primary @entity320 @entity12 was expressed in two of 20 lesions; this expression was weak and restricted to few parts of the @entity5 . The @entity12 positive primary @entity320 were rather thick, i.e., 8.5 and 3.8 mm, versus a median of 2.4 mm of the remaining @entity5 . In contrast, for @entity320 @entity12 expression was present in six of 11 cases investigated. The metastases of @entity5 displaying @entity12 maintained its expression. As @entity12 positive @entity320 cells are capable of inducing apoptosis in susceptible cells, e.g., Fas positive @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes, we tested for the presence of apoptotic cells in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling. This analysis revealed that apoptotic cells were present within the @entity12 positive @entity5 . The number of apoptotic cells, however, never exceeded 5% of the total cells. Thus, @entity12 mediated apoptosis does not seem to be a major immune escape mechanism for @entity320 but its expression correlates with the stage of @entity320 .

title: Predominant expression of Fas (CD95) ligand in XXXX revealed by longitudinal analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['metastatic melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablative and fractional lasers are used for periorbital rejuvenation, with different downtime, side effects, and efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To compare effects of fractional 1,550-nm @entity27309 - and @entity24899 -doped (Yb/Er) fiber laser and variable square pulse (VSP) 2,940-nm @entity24899 -doped yttrium @entity3775 garnet (Er:YAG) laser treatment for periorbital wrinkles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This side-by-side comparison study randomized 22 @entity1 with mild to moderate periorbital rhytides to receive three treatments with fractional 1,550-nm Yb/Er fiber laser or 2,940-nm Er:YAG laser treatment on either side at 4-week intervals. A video camera was used for objective assessment of wrinkles. Standardized photographs, @entity1 satisfaction, side effects, and @entity158 score were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty subjects completed the study. The median change in wrinkle measurement 3 months after laser treatments from baseline of the fractional Yb/Er fiber laser side was -3.03 versus -3.09 on the VSP Er:YAG side (p = .63, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). There was no significant difference in degree of wrinkle improvement analyzed according to global assessment between the sides (p = .25, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Less downtime correlated with greater @entity1 satisfaction of the fractional laser treatment . Two subjects experienced @entity2117 . CONCLUSION: Fractional Yb/Er fiber and VSP Er:YAG lasers are effective in improving periorbital wrinkles in Asians, with minimal side effects.

title: Periorbital rejuvenation with fractional 1,550-nm ytterbium/ @entity24899 fiber laser and variable square pulse 2,940-nm XXXX :YAG laser in Asians: a comparison study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity27309 :: ('MESH:D015018', 'Chemical') :: ['ytterbium']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity24899 :: (MESH:D004871,Chemical) :: ['erbium']


abstract: The authors have investigated the regulation of @entity19 major histocompatibility complex (MHC, @entity8200 ) class I gene expression of @entity5 growing in the brain, by using T-cell lymphoma (Moloney leukemia virus-induced @entity9599 of A/Sn @entity19 origin) and its cell surface @entity8200 negative variants, A. @entity8200 - and @entity12812 -. FACS analysis showed that low @entity8200 expressing @entity9599 markedly increased @entity8023 , @entity26027 and @entity12812 ( @entity12812 ) induction on the cell surface after intracerebral (i.c.) passage, while there was no change in phenotypical expression of both A. @entity8200 - and @entity12812 -. Southern and Northern blot analyses revealed that the enhancement of @entity8200 class I expression in @entity9599 was due to transcriptional control of @entity8200 DNA genes. @entity12812 - was confirmed to lack @entity12812 - gene, causing cell surface @entity8200 negative expression. Immunoprecipitation method showed that, despite increase in mRNA of the @entity8200 gene, A. @entity8200 - disclosed no class I @entity8200 expression because of the incapability of intracellular association of polypeptides between @entity8200 and @entity12812 in the post-translational level. The @entity8200 class I expression on @entity9599 cells could also be induced by @entity60 (IFN) in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 1 to 100 U/ml. At 100 U/ml, the @entity8200 inducing effect, regulated at the transcriptional level, was comparable to that observed after i.c. passage. In contrast, the A. @entity8200 - and @entity12812 - remained completely negative after IFN treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Molecular analysis of @entity19 major histocompatibility complex class I gene expression of XXXX growing in the brain].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is the most common @entity31465 , and is extremely painful. We evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous controlled radiofrequency trigeminal rhizotomy (RFTR) assisted by a virtual reality (VR) imaging technique for idiopathic @entity4254 . A total of 2769 @entity1 with @entity4254 underwent RFTR procedures between June 1986 and March 2007, with VR assisted guiding and electrode positioning in 26 @entity1 from January 2006 to March 2007. A laminal basicranial CT scan (2 mm slice, 16 slices/s) was used during RFTR. The three-dimensional (3D) position of the electrode needle tip and the oval foramen can be seen clearly using this VR technique. The position and depth of the needle was adjusted according to the virtual 3D-CT scan. CT scanning was performed repeatedly until the needle tip was situated in the oval foramen. Usually, the tip of the electrode was adjusted once or twice. Acute @entity158 relief was accomplished in the 26 @entity1 who underwent a single RFTR procedure assisted with VR. No recurrence of @entity158 was noted except in one @entity1 after 16 months. There were no permanent complications or mortality. VR-assisted RFTR represents a minimally invasive, low-risk technique with a higher efficacy compared with traditional RFTR.

title: Virtual reality imaging technique in percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy for intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity31465 :: ('MESH:D005156', 'Disease') :: ['facial neuralgia']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: On the basis of results obtained from an oral @entity413 tolerance test, (OGTT), twenty @entity1 with @entity444 were classified as normal (N = 8) and @entity6 (N = 12). The two groups of @entity1 were further tested by a rapid intravenous @entity413 injection, a @entity11243 test, an @entity2690 sensitivity test and an oral @entity535 load. Fasting levels of plasma @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) were normal in all subjects but one. Approximately 1/3 of the @entity2124 responses during testing periods were abnormal, being either absent during hypoglycaemia or following @entity535 ingestion, or @entity2121 increased during hyperglycaemia. No correlation was found between the degree of @entity1735 intolerance and the levels of plasma @entity2124 . There was no gross alteration of tissue sensitivity to exogenous @entity2690 . The beta-cell response to @entity11243 , @entity535 and intravenous @entity413 were comparable in @entity1 with a normal or a @entity6 . In both groups, the rates of decrease of blood @entity413 following @entity11243 or intravenous @entity413 were also similar and within the normal range. During OGTT, the @entity6 group had a delayed @entity2690 release and a low insulinogenic index. It is concluded that in @entity444 the intolerance to an oral @entity1735 load is frequently associated with, but unrelated to, anomalies of the @entity2124 secretion. In @entity6 subjects, the process of @entity2690 secretion loses its normal sensitivity to the oral @entity413 stimulus while remaining unaltered and similiar to that of non- @entity6 subjects in response to @entity11243 , @entity535 and intravenous @entity413 .

title: @entity6 in @entity444 : studies of @entity2690 and XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic OGTT']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Intravenous (i.v.) injection of endothelin in the anesthetized and ventilated @entity840 induced a dose-dependent increase in pulmonary inflation pressure. The 1 nmol/kg dose rapidly enhanced pulmonary inflation pressure, reaching a peak at 30 s, as well as produced a marked and sustained increase in mean arterial blood pressure. A maximal @entity101 was observed 4 min after the injection of 1 nmol/kg endothelin and remained at a plateau for 20 min. The increase in pulmonary inflation pressure induced by endothelin was significantly enhanced by treatment of the @entity840 with @entity1169 (1 mg/kg i.v.). In contrast to what was observed in untreated @entity840 , the injection of 1 nmol/kg @entity11617 in @entity1169 -treated animals produced within 2 min an irreversible and dramatic @entity551 with a further decline for up to 90 min. The increase in pulmonary inflation pressure induced by 0.5 nmol/kg endothelin was also potentiated significantly in @entity1169 -treated @entity840 as compared to untreated animals. Endothelin 0.5 nmol/kg caused only a transient and non-significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure in both @entity1169 -treated and untreated animals. Injection of endothelin (40, 120 and 400 pmol) via the pulmonary artery into isolated @entity840 lungs evoked significant increases in pulmonary inflation pressure and perfusion pressure accompanied by the dose-dependent release of TXB2 but, in contrast, no release of @entity112 . The in vitro effect of endothelin on pulmonary inflation pressure and perfusion pressure was potentiated when @entity1169 (1 microM) was added to the perfusion medium. These results demonstrate that the bronchopulmonary effects of endothelin are, at least in part, dissociated from the vascular action of the peptide.

title: Bronchopulmonary and vascular effect of endothelin in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea pigs', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['endothelin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in mean arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Among @entity750 ( @entity750 ) receptors, the 5-HT3 receptor is the only ligand-gated ion channel. 5-HT3 antagonists such as ondansetron and tropisetron may improve auditory gating and @entity149 in @entity161 @entity1 . Moreover, many antipsychotic drugs are antagonists at 5-HT3 receptors. However, the role of 5-HT3 receptor variants on response to antipsychotic drugs in @entity161 @entity1 is still unclear. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we have assessed six functional and coding variants of the subunit genes @entity19476 , @entity28684 as well as the novel @entity32795 , @entity32796 , and @entity32797 subunits in the response to @entity1767 or @entity1090 . Seventy @entity1 were treated for 4 weeks and positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and general psychopathology were measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS: @entity32797 had an effect on the speed of response to antipsychotics. GG-allele carriers responded more quickly to treatment on the PANSS negative symptom subscale (P = 0.03) and on the total PANSS score (P = 0.04) irrespective of medication. In a second independent study of 144 @entity161 @entity1 treated with atypical antipsychotics, this effect could not be confirmed. CONCLUSION: Our findings argue against a major effect of @entity19476 variants in response to antipsychotics. Solely, the @entity32797 and also the @entity19476 variant could exert a weak effect on the speed of response to antipsychotics.

title: Influence of 5-HT3 receptor subunit genes @entity19476 , @entity28684 , XXXX , @entity32796 and @entity32797 on treatment response to antipsychotics in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity32795 :: (170572,Gene) :: ['HTR3C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The risk of recurrence has been found to increase with the number of episodes in both @entity308 and @entity162 . The present study compared the effect of the number of episodes on the risk of recurrence in the two disorders. METHOD: A case register study including all hospital admissions with primary @entity1316 in Denmark during 1971-1993. The effect of the number of prior episodes on the rate of recurrence following the first discharge after 1984 was estimated. A total of 7925 @entity308 @entity1 and 2011 @entity162 @entity1 were included in the study. RESULTS: The rate of recurrence was, on average, 1.6 times greater for @entity162 @entity1 than for @entity308 @entity1 . Nevertheless, the effect of the number of episodes was greatest for @entity308 @entity1 . Thus, the rate of recurrence increased, on average, 15% with every episode for @entity308 @entity1 and 9% with every episode for @entity162 @entity1 , when adjusted for differences in age and gender. CONCLUSION: The risk of recurrence increases with every new episode in @entity1316 . The effect of episodes is greater for @entity74 than for @entity162 . LIMITATIONS: The data relate to re-admissions rather than recurrence. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study shows that the prognosis worsens more for @entity308 than for @entity162 @entity1 with each new episode and suggests the relevance of earlier and more sustained intervention.

title: The effect of episodes on recurrence in XXXX : a case register study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar affective disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar disorder']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To elucidate clinicopathologic independent prognostic factors for intravesical recurrence after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for primary upper urinary tract @entity189 (UUT-UC). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study included 212 consecutive @entity1 clinically diagnosed as localized UUT-UC and treated by retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy between January 2002 and October 2010, after exclusion of those with a previous or concurrent history of @entity150 . The clinicopathologic features, risk factors, and intravesical recurrence-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for intravesical @entity5 recurrence. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 64/212 (30.2%) developed subsequent intravesical recurrence during a median follow-up period of 39 months (range 7-78 months). Among them, 56/64 (87.5%) developed recurrent @entity150 within 2 years after the surgery for UUT-UC, and the median interval between surgery and intravesical recurrence was 14 months (range 7-51 months). @entity5 , @entity177 , and immunosuppression were determined as risk factors for intravesical recurrence by univariate analysis. However, by multivariate analyses, multifocality (hazard ratio = 2.060, P = 0.006) and immunosuppression (hazard ratio = 1.915, P = 0.037) were identified as independent predictors for the development of recurrent @entity150 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of intravesical recurrence after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for UUT-UC is high, and most subsequent @entity150 recur within 2 years after surgery. @entity5 multifocality and immunosuppression are significant independent risk factors in developing initial intravesical recurrence after laparoscopic surgery for primary UUT-UC.

title: Independent prognostic factors for initial intravesical recurrence after laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Multifocal tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Working with past memories through reminiscence interventions has been practiced for several decades with successful outcomes on mental health in older adults. Few studies however have focused on autobiographical memory recall in older individuals with @entity73 . This study aims to analyze the impact of an individual reminiscence program in a group of older @entity1 with @entity73 living in nursing homes on the dimensions of cognition, autobiographical memory, mood, behavior and @entity148 . A two-group pre-test and post-test design with single blinded assessment was conducted. Forty-one @entity1 were randomized to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=21). The first group attended five weekly individual reminiscence sessions. Changes in the outcome measures were examined for cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Autobiographical Memory Test), behavior (Alzheimer Disease Assessment Subscale Non-Cog) and emotional status (Cornell Scale for @entity308 in @entity303 ; Geriatric @entity308 Scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory). @entity1 attending reminiscence sessions exhibited better outcomes compared to the control group in cognition, @entity148 and @entity308 (p<0.001), and presented a higher number of retrieved autobiographical events, specificity of evoked memories and positive valence of events (p<0.001), and also presented lower latency time for recalling events, and lower negative recalled events (p<0.01). This study supports the potential value of reminiscence therapy in improving the recall of autobiographical memory. Reminiscence therapy can be helpful to maintain or improve cognitive function, decrease @entity148 and manage @entity308 and altered behavior, but further investigation is needed to clarify long-term effects.

title: A quasi-experimental study of a reminiscence program focused on autobiographical memory in institutionalized older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairment']


abstract: Thirteen hands in 11 @entity1 with previous @entity923 releases were treated by microscopic internal neurolysis and palmaris brevis "turnover" flaps. All @entity1 in the series had positive electrodiagnostic testing, dysesthetic wrist @entity158 , and @entity1183 in the median nerve distribution before operation. Average age was 41.9 years (range, 27 to 62 years). Ten were male and 3 were female. Range of follow-up after the procedure was from 1 to 1 1/2 years. All hands with abnormal preoperative two-point discriminations or Semmes-Weinstein measurements showed numerical improvement in their sensory parameters. Thenar strength and bulk improved at least one grade in all six cases of thenar @entity194 . Mean grip strength was 15.2% greater than before operation. Key pinch increased 5.5% and pulp pinch 31.9%. Subjective assessment of improvement ranged from 25% to 100%. All @entity1 returned to their former jobs or to vocational retaining except the oldest @entity1 who is semiretired.

title: Palmaris brevis turnover flap as an adjunct to internal neurolysis of the chronically scarred median nerve in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: To demonstrate the efficacy of oral @entity868 (OM) in simple or @entity532 with @entity298 , a randomized prospective study was carried out in 1083 @entity1 , ranging in age from 4 to 50 years (mean age, 21.38). The @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. The study group (SG) (524 @entity1 ) received OM (500 mg for adults, 7-10 mg/kg if less than 15 years) 2-3 hours before operation. The drug was continued 4 to 5 hours after operation, every 8 hours, for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. In the case of @entity532 (114 @entity1 ), the same dose was given for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. @entity8933 was administered to the control group (CG) (559 @entity1 ) 2 to 3 hours before operation and then postoperatively every 6 hours for three doses if the appendix was mild to severely inflamed. The complicated cases in the CG (120 @entity1 ) received a combination of @entity114 , @entity2755 , and @entity801 for 3 to 6 days, depending on the absence or presence of pus. The serum concentration of @entity868 measured in 43 @entity1 was at bactericidal level in 40 (mean +/- SD standard deviation, 10.65 +/- 4.89 microg/mL). The rate of wound infection was not significantly different in the SG and the CG with the same degree of pathology (3.17% vs 2.96% if uncomplicated; 15.78% vs 14.16% if complicated, respectively). Pelvic collection occurred in four adults and one @entity1 in the CG with @entity698 (4.16%). The same complication developed in two adults and two @entity1 in the SG with @entity698 (3.5%). All six adults and one of the @entity1 in the SG had to be re-explored, whereas the remaining two @entity1 responded to conservative management (OM and @entity801 ). In uncomplicated cases, hospital stay and hospital charge were both almost the same in both groups. However, length of hospitalization was nearly 1 day shorter and hospital cost per day was about 30 per cent less in complicated cases in the SG as compared with the CG. Conclusively, OM may not only substitute parenteral antibiotics in @entity697 as a prophylactic agent, but it may also be used as a cost-effective drug and is more convenient to the @entity1 .

title: Can oral @entity868 substitute parenteral drug therapy in @entity697 ? A new policy in the management of simple or @entity532 with XXXX : a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['localized peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['localized peritonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic ulnar nerve diameter, cross-sectional area (CSA) and swelling ratio measurement in @entity16 at the elbow (UNE). METHODS: Ultrasonographic diameter, CSA, and swelling ratio measurements were compared with a reference standard including clinical examination, electrophysiological studies, and follow-up in a prospective cohort of @entity1 . All @entity1 in whom a diagnosis of UNE was considered were eligible for the study. Reference values for ultrasonography were obtained in 73 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Of 191 @entity1 , 137 had UNE or probable UNE, while 54 had another condition and these were analysed as @entity1 controls. @entity1 with UNE had a larger ulnar nerve diameter, CSA and swelling ratio than healthy controls and @entity1 controls (p < 0.01). The diagnostic accuracies of these different measurements were comparable with a specificity of 78-87%, a positive predictive value of 87-90%, a sensitivity of 42-61% and negative predictive value of 37-44%. ROC-analysis for these measurements showed an area under the curve of 0.75-0.77. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonographic measurements of ulnar nerve diameter, CSA and swelling ratio have comparable diagnostic value, which was lower than reported previously. SIGNIFICANCE: Ultrasonographic ulnar nerve diameter, CSA and swelling ratio measurements are equally useful in diagnosing UNE.

title: Which ultrasonographic measure has the XXXX at the elbow?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['upper hand in ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: 1. The pineal gland is regulated primarily by photoperiodic information attaining the organ through a multisynaptic pathway initiated in the retina and the retinohypothalamic tract. 2. @entity1063 (NE) released from superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons that provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal acts through alpha1- and beta 1- adrenoceptors to stimulate @entity2493 synthesis and release. 3. The increase in @entity1919 mediated by beta 1-adrenergic activation is potentiated by the increase in @entity141 flux, @entity8580 phospholipid turnover, and @entity3009 and @entity4352 synthesis produced by alpha 1-adrenergic activation. 4. Central pinealopetal connections may also participate in pineal control mechanisms; transmitters and modulators in these pathways include several neuropeptides, @entity1522 such as @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) and @entity2227 , and biogenic @entity4478 such as @entity750 , @entity934 , and @entity935 . 5. Secondary regulatory signals for pineal secretory activity are several hormones that act on receptors sites on pineal cells or at any stage of the neuronal pinealopetal pathway.

title: Cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling XXXX release by mammalian pineal glands.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: We have studied how a set of male-specific sensory neurons in @entity2199 establish axonal connections during postembryonic development. In the adult male, 9 bilateral pairs of ray sensory neurons innervate an acellular fan that serves as a presumptive tactile and olfactory organ during copulation. We visualized ray axon commissures with a ray neuron-specific reporter gene and studied both known and new mutations that affect the establishment of connections to the pre-anal ganglion. We found that the @entity30793 /netrin- @entity33586 /DCC pathway provides the primary dorsoventral guidance cue to ray axon growth cones. Some axon growth cones also respond to an anteroposterior cue, following a segmented pathway, and most or all also have a @entity2901 . Two newly identified genes, rax-1 and rax-4, are highly specific to the ray neurons and appear to be required for ray axon growth cones to respond to the dorsoventral cue. Among other genes we identified, rax-2 and rax-3 affect anteroposterior signaling or fate specification and rax-5 and rax-6 affect ray identities. We identified a mutation in @entity35986 and show that the @entity35986 /Furry and @entity35987 /Tricornered pathway affects ectopic neurite outgrowth and establishment of normal axon synapses. Finally, we identified mutations in genes for muscle proteins that affect axon pathways by distorting the conformation of the body wall. Thus ray axon pathfinding relies on a variety of general and more ray neuron-specific genes and provides a potentially fruitful system for further studies of how migrating axon growth cones locate their targets. This system is applicable to the study of mechanisms underlying topographic mapping of sensory neurons into target circuitry where the next stage of information processing is carried out.

title: Genes that control ray sensory neuron axon development in the XXXX male.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['tendency to fasciculate']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To reduce adverse effects and improve efficacy of intravesical BCG for @entity150 , alternative treatment options were investigated in an orthotopic @entity35 @entity5 model. METHODS: @entity150 was established in syngeneic female @entity35 bladders by instillation of AY-27 cells. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment groups including dose escalation of intravesical BCG with or without interferon-a (IFN-a) or @entity5041 ( @entity5041 ); or graded doses of @entity136 alone; or BCG plus @entity136 . Treatments were given twice weekly for 3 weeks. @entity35 in control groups received saline instillations. Treatment response was monitored by animals' well-being, survival days, @entity5 growth inhibition, and histological examination at necropsy. RESULTS: @entity35 receiving monotherapy with intravesical BCG, @entity136 , or IFN-a, attained significantly better survival and @entity5 reduction compared with control (P = 0.002; 0.001; 0.002, respectively, Log-rank Test). A dose-dependent treatment response was observed in animals with established @entity150 receiving escalated BCG instillations. Only high-dose BCG significantly improved animal survival. Although high-dose BCG plus @entity136 or IFN-a did not increase benefit over monotherapies, low-dose BCG plus @entity5041 did show improved efficacy (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Intravesical monotherapies with @entity136 and IFN-a were as effective as BCG for treatment of early non-muscle-invasive @entity150 in this immune competent @entity35 model. Combining these agents with high-dose BCG did not further increase efficacy. However, combining low-dose BCG with @entity5041 enhanced BCG effectiveness.

title: Antitumor Efficacy of Intravesical BCG, @entity136 , Interferon-a and @entity5041 as Mono- or Combination-Therapy for @entity150 in an XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'Superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer', 'urothelial bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Orthotopic Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immune responses against differentiated @entity259 (DTC) have long been recognized. We aimed to investigate the role of immune cell infiltration in the progression of DTC. DESIGN: We studied 398 @entity1 - 253 with papillary and 13 with @entity259 , as well as 132 with nonmalignant tissues. @entity1 AND MEASUREMENTS: Immune cell infiltration was identified using CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 , @entity2225 , @entity469 and @entity403 immunohistochemical markers. In addition, we assessed colocalization of @entity404 and @entity4155 to identify Th17 lymphocytic infiltration and colocalization of @entity1116 and @entity9536 to identify infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). RESULTS: Immune cells infiltrated malignant tissues more often than benign lesions. The presence of @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) concurrent to DTC, @entity469 +, @entity404 +, @entity405 +, @entity2225 +, @entity403 + and Th17 lymphocytes but not MDSCs was associated with clinical and pathological features of lower @entity5 and a more favourable @entity1 outcome. A log-rank test confirmed an association between concurrent @entity2621 , @entity5 -associated macrophage infiltration, and @entity405 + lymphocytes and an increased in disease-free survival, suggesting that evidence of these immune reactions is associated with a favourable prognosis. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the @entity5 or peri-tumoural microenvironment may act to modify the observed pattern of immune response. Immune cell infiltration and the presence of concurrent @entity2621 helped characterize specific @entity5 histotypes associated with favourable prognostic features.

title: Infiltration of a mixture of immune cells may be related to good prognosis in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis', 'CLT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumour aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'follicular thyroid cancers']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding first aid for dental @entity130 in @entity1 (TDI) by non-dental professionals and paramedical technicians of hospital @entity341 in the South Araucan  a Health Service, Chile, which was attained through application of a survey. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from @entity1 with occupations in the respective @entity341 . The @entity1 were 82 @entity1 that were interviewed using a questionnaire regarding management of dental @entity130 . Paramedic technicians, general and specialist doctors, and nurses were included in this survey. The appraisal covered diverse aspects: birth date, age, sex, years of experience in the emergency room, and questions regarding specific @entity130 , which focused on crown @entity174 , @entity130 in permanent dentition, @entity155 in primary and permanent teeth, and the respective emergency treatments. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 78.1% reported to have been presented with a TDI @entity1 . The majority (90.2%) had not received formal training on TDI. These results revealed a wide distribution of responses. The overall dental @entity130 knowledge among the @entity1 was relatively poor. For crown @entity174 management 54.9% indicated that they would ask the affected @entity1 about the crown remnants. In regard to transport and storage medium of @entity13913 , only 9.8% of the @entity1 answered correctly and 43.9% of respondents stated that they would not replant an @entity155 , since that procedure is considered the responsibility of a dentist. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the respondents were not knowledgeable regarding TDI or the management and benefits of timely care, particularly in cases of @entity13913 . Therefore, formal education and training on the topic is suggested during undergraduate studies.

title: Knowledge of the management of paediatric @entity130 by non-dental professionals in XXXX in South Araucan  a, Temuco, Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency rooms']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed permanent tooth', 'avulsion']

entities_list: @entity13913 :: ('MESH:C563203', 'Disease') :: ['avulsed permanent teeth']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['luxation injuries', 'dental trauma topics', 'trauma']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency rooms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ASCO and IOM recommend palliative care (PC) across health care settings for @entity1 with serious illnesses, including @entity5 . This study provides an overview of the current availability, structure, and basic quality of PC services within NCCN Member Institutions. METHODS: A PC survey was developed by NCCN staff and a working group of PC experts from 11 NCCN Member Institutions under the auspices of the NCCN Best Practices Committee. The survey was piloted and refined by 3 working group members and sent electronically to all 26 NCCN Member Institutions. NCCN staff and working group leaders analyzed the survey data. RESULTS: A total of 22 of 26 institutions responded (85%). All respondents (100%) reported an inpatient PC consult service (staffed by an average of 6.8 full-time equivalents [FTEs], seeing 1,031 consults/year with an average length of stay [LOS] of 10 days). A total of 91% of respondents had clinic-based PC (with an average of 469 consults/year, staffed by an average of 6.8 FTEs, and a 17-day wait time). For clinics, a comanagement care delivery model was more common than strict consultation. Home-based PC (23%) and inpatient PC units (32%) were less prevalent. Notably, 80% of institutions reported insufficient PC capacity compared with demand. Across PC settings, referrals for @entity1 with solid @entity5 were more common than for @entity1583 . Automatic or "triggered" referrals were rare. The most common services provided were symptom management (100%) and advance care planning (96%). Most programs were funded through fee-for-service billing and institutional support. Partnerships with accountable care organizations and bundled payment arrangements were infrequent. PC program data collection and institutional funding for PC research were variable across institutions. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the prevalence of PC inpatient and clinic services among participating NCCN Member Institutions, PC demand still exceeds capacity. Opportunities exist for expansion of home-based PC and inpatient PC units, optimizing referrals, research, and payer collaborations.

title: The Current State of Palliative Care for XXXX Cared for at Leading US Cancer Centers: The 2015 NCCN Palliative Care Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Even when diagnosed prior to @entity3 , @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is a devastating @entity5 with almost 90% lethality, emphasizing the need for new therapies optimally targeting the @entity5 of individual @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We first developed a panel of new physiologic models for study of @entity1124 , expanding surgical @entity788 samples in culture using short-term culture and conditional reprogramming with the Rho kinase inhibitor @entity12223 , and creating matched @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDX). These were evaluated for sensitivity to a large panel of clinical agents, and promising leads further evaluated mechanistically. RESULTS: Only a small minority of tested agents was cytotoxic in minimally passaged @entity1124 cultures in vitro Drugs interfering with protein turnover and transcription were among most cytotoxic. Among transcriptional repressors, @entity9367 , a covalent inhibitor of @entity31770 , was most consistently effective in vitro and in vivo causing prolonged complete regression in multiple PDX models resistant to standard @entity1124 therapies. Importantly, @entity9367 showed superior activity in @entity517 -amplified PDX models and elicited rapid and profound depletion of the oncoprotein @entity517 , a transcriptional regulator. Expression of @entity31770 and @entity517 was interdependent in PDACs, and acquired resistance to @entity9367 depended on elevated @entity31770 and @entity517 expression. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis indicates @entity31770 expression predicts poor prognosis, particularly in @entity986 -null, highly proliferative @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: This provides initial preclinical evidence for an essential role of @entity517 - @entity31770 interactions in @entity1124 , and suggests a new mechanistic approach for disruption of critical survival signaling in @entity517 -dependent @entity5 . Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6153-63.   2016 AACR.

title: Screening of Conditionally Reprogrammed @entity1 -Derived Carcinoma Cells Identifies @entity31770 - XXXX Interactions as a Target in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC tumor']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['triptolide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['MYC']


abstract: Altered expression and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) families are observed in a wide variety of @entity5 . In those @entity5 with aberrant CDK activation, the @entity995 protein ( @entity996 ) pathway is deregulated, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Constitutive activation of TRKs is instead linked to @entity5 . Here, we show that the novel small-molecule @entity26947 , a potent dual inhibitor of CDKs and TRKs, possesses significant antitumor activity. The compound inhibits cell proliferation of a wide panel of tumoral cell lines with @entity2337 (50). @entity26947 -treated cells show cell cycle arrest in G(1) and reduced DNA synthesis, accompanied by inhibition of @entity996 phosphorylation and modulation of other CDK-dependent markers. The compound additionally inhibits phosphorylation of @entity2250 and its substrates in cells, which functionally express this receptor. Following oral administration, @entity26947 has significant antitumor activity in various @entity1 xenografts and carcinogen-induced @entity5 as well as in disseminated @entity1778 models, with plasma concentrations in rodents in the same range as those found active in inhibiting @entity5 cell proliferation. Mechanism of action was also confirmed in vivo as assessed in @entity5 biopsies from treated @entity19 . These results show that the dual CDK-TRK inhibitor @entity26947 has the potential for being a novel and efficacious targeted drug for @entity5 treatment.

title: Dual targeting of CDK and tropomyosin receptor kinase families by the oral inhibitor XXXX , an agent with broad-spectrum antitumor efficacy.

entities_list: @entity2337 :: ('MESH:C537984', 'Disease') :: ['submicromolar IC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer cell survival and dissemination', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['primary leukemia']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity26947 :: (MESH:C550092,Chemical) :: ['PHA-848125']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compare the treatment of @entity158 in @entity1 with arm @entity174 by @entity5018 10 mg/kg versus @entity1443 with @entity10425 1 mg/kg/dose ( @entity10425 component). METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of @entity1 during the first 3 days after discharge from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The primary outcome was failure of the oral study medication, defined as use of the rescue medication. @entity158 medication use, @entity158 scores, functional outcomes, adverse effects, and satisfaction were also assessed. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-six @entity1 were randomized to treatment, 169 to @entity5018 and 167 to @entity1443 with @entity10425 ; 244 @entity1 were analyzed. Both groups used a median of 4 doses (interquartile range 2, 6.5). The proportion of treatment failures for @entity5018 (20.3%) was lower than for @entity1443 with @entity10425 (31.0%), though not statistically significant (difference=10.7%; 95% confidence interval -0.2 to 21.6). The proportion of @entity1 who had any function (play, sleep, eating, school) affected by @entity158 when @entity158 was analyzed by day after injury was significantly lower for the @entity5018 group. Significantly more @entity1 receiving @entity1443 with @entity10425 reported adverse effects and did not want to use it for future @entity174 . CONCLUSION: @entity5018 was at least as effective as @entity1443 with @entity10425 for outpatient analgesia for @entity1 with arm @entity174 . There was no significant difference in analgesic failure or @entity158 scores, but @entity1 receiving @entity5018 had better functional outcomes. @entity1 receiving @entity5018 had significantly fewer adverse effects, and both @entity1 and parents were more satisfied with @entity5018 . @entity5018 is preferable to @entity1443 with @entity10425 for outpatient treatment of @entity1 with uncomplicated arm @entity174 .

title: A randomized clinical trial of @entity5018 versus @entity1443 with XXXX for acute pediatric arm fracture @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity10425 :: (MESH:D003061,Chemical) :: ['codeine']


abstract: This study determined if @entity4854 : (1) augments @entity63 cerebral cortical @entity880 accumulation during @entity2806 ; and (2) exacerbates subsequent neurologic morbidity and mortality. Dextrose (D5W, n = 8) or normal saline (n = 6) was administered i.v. prior to 10 min of global @entity2806 induced by normothermic @entity1167 in @entity235 . Before arrest plasma @entity413 was significantly higher in the D5W-treated group than saline-infused (407 +/- 31 vs. 11 9 +/- 20 mg/dl, P less than 0.05). By 6 h post-arrest, seven of eight D5W-infused @entity235 died, compared to one of six saline-infused @entity235 (P = 0.002). D5W-infused @entity235 showed significantly greater neurologic deficit at 2, 6, and 12 h post-arrest. In a complementary protocol, @entity235 were pretreated in the same manner, however, six cerebral cortical brain biopsies were taken before, during, and immediately after @entity1167 . Plasma @entity413 was 320 +/- 17 mg/dl in the D5W-infused @entity235 and lower (P less than 0.001), 140 +/- 5 mg/dl, in the saline-infused group. Cerebral cortical @entity880 accumulation was slightly but significantly greater during @entity63 and early reperfusion in animals receiving @entity413 . Neither plasma nor cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity908 kinase isoenzymes nor plasma or CSF @entity880 concentrations, measured during and for 25 min after @entity1167 , served as a good prognostic indicator of 24 h neurologic morbidity or mortality. Therefore, induction of @entity2806 in the presence of moderate @entity4854 is associated with profound @entity51 and striking mortality. A qualitative but not quantitative increase in brain @entity880 accumulation is consistent with the hypothesis that @entity880 may contribute to the increased severity of @entity51 with @entity4854 .

title: Elevated brain @entity880 accumulation and @entity51 are associated with modest XXXX in global @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'complete cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of reoperation for failed mitral valve repair. METHODS: One hundred forty-five @entity1 with recurrent @entity339 after primary mitral valve repair of @entity179 underwent mitral valve reoperations between January 1, 1970, and January 1, 2005. The mean age was 66 years, and 102 (70%) were @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean duration from initial repair to reoperation was 4.1 years (standard deviation = +/- 5.1 years). Indications for reoperation were regurgitation alone (n = 109 [75%]), @entity2142 (n = 27 [19%]), obstruction from systolic anterior motion (n = 3 [2%]), @entity884 (n = 3 [2%]) and stenosis-other (n = 3 [2%]). New pathology was found in 80 (55%) @entity1 , and failure of the initial repair was found in 61 (42%) @entity1 . The mitral valve was re-repaired in 64 (44%) @entity1 and replaced in 81 (56%) @entity1 . Early operative mortality was similar after re-repair and replacement (1.6% vs 4.9%, P = .38). Independent predictors of improved survival on multivariate analysis were mitral re-repair (hazard ratio = 0.44, P = .03), younger age (hazard ratio = 1.06, P = .001), and an operative indication of @entity339 alone (hazard ratio = 0.31, P = .005). Seven @entity1 had a third mitral operation (all replacements), 6 after re-repair and 1 after replacement. At last follow-up echocardiogram (n = 96), ejection fraction was greater (P < .001) and left ventricular end-systolic dimension was smaller (P = .009) in @entity1 undergoing re-repair compared with values in those undergoing valve replacement. CONCLUSION: Recurrent @entity339 after prior repair is frequently caused by new valve pathology. Mitral re-repair is performed in almost half of @entity1 and is associated with superior survival, improved ejection fraction, and greater regression in ventricular dimension compared with valve replacement.

title: Recurrent XXXX after repair: should the mitral valve be re-repaired?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative leaflet prolapse']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: AIMS: Research priorities are often set by academic researchers or the pharmaceutical industry. The interests of @entity1 , carers and clinicians may therefore be overlooked and research questions that matter may be neglected. The aims of this study were to collect uncertainties about the treatment of Type 1 @entity6 from @entity1 , carers and health professionals, and to collate and prioritize these uncertainties to develop a top 10 list of research priorities, using a structured priority-setting partnership of @entity1 , carers, health professionals and @entity6 organizations, as described by the James @entity33140 Alliance. METHODS: A partnership of interested organizations was set up, and from this a steering committee of 10 individuals was formed. An online and paper survey was used to identify uncertainties. These were collated, and the steering group carried out an interim priority-setting exercise with partner organizations. This group of uncertainties was then voted on to give a smaller list that went forward to the final priority-setting workshop. At this meeting, a final list of the top 10 research priorities was agreed. RESULTS: An initial 1141 uncertainties were described. These were reduced to 88 indicative questions, 47 of which went out for voting. Twenty-four were then taken forward to a final priority-setting workshop. This workshop resulted in a list of top 10 research priorities in Type 1 @entity6 . CONCLUSION: We have shown that it is possible using the James @entity33140 Alliance process to develop an agreed top 10 list of research priorities for Type 1 @entity6 from health professionals, @entity1 and carers.

title: Setting research priorities for Type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the existence of a learning curve in a consultant neurosurgeon's performance in excising @entity5513 by plotting the cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart. Also, to evaluate the influence of new technology in the form of the @entity2103 ( @entity2103 ) and the KTP-532 Laser on surgical performance. METHOD: Analysis was carried out on a prospectively collected data series of 102 consecutive cases of @entity5513 excisions between 1986 and 2000 by a single neurosurgeon using the retrosigmoid approach. The CUSUM score chart of the surgical outcomes across the series was plotted for all and large @entity5 sizes separately. The changes in CUSUM scores were assessed using statistical change-point analysis. Using the multivariate logistic regression analysis, we inspected the association between use of @entity2103 and laser on outcome. RESULTS: After the first 27 cases and coinciding with the introduction of the @entity2103 there was a clear change in the direction of the slope of the CUSUM chart, showing a clear improving trend in performance (p   =   0.09). The same phenomenon was also seen when plotting the CUSUM chart for large @entity5 only, although this was not statistically significant. The use of @entity2103 reduces the risk of bad House Brakmann-score by approximately 90% for all @entity5 (risk of bad outcome with @entity2103   =   3.2% and without @entity2103   =   26.7%, odds ratio   =   0.10 and 95% confidence interval (0.02-0.61), p   =   0.013) after adjusting for age at operation, but no significant association was seen with the use of laser. CONCLUSION: There appears to be a learning curve in the performance of a neurosurgeon. Compared to previous reports of sequential block analysis, the CUSUM method is less arbitrary and more transparent. The CUSUM is most useful as an audit tool that can help spare @entity1 from undesirable learning curves, and help to demonstrate good standards in appraisal and revalidation.

title: Excision of XXXX --is there a learning curve and how best to demonstrate it?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve monitor', 'FNM']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to analyze macular tomography in @entity1 of different ages with @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) and correlate their visual function with macular thickness, which was measured by optical coherence tomography. METHODS: In all, 75 @entity6391 @entity1 and 75 controls were stratified into three age groups and macular thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. The tomography was subdivided into three circular zones, four quadrants, and nine areas for analysis. Ophthalmic examinations, which involved ophthalmoscopic examinations, dark adaptation tests, visual acuities, visual field examinations, electrooculography, and color sense discrimination tests, were performed. RESULTS: Macular thickness of the @entity6391 @entity1 decreased in the middle age group (45- to 55-year old), whereas the oldest group showed an increased thickness. The thickness of the outer inferior area remained virtually unchanged, whereas the thickness of the inner temporal area showed the most fluctuation with age. In terms of circular sections, the most dramatic changes in macular thickness were observed in the fovea, and the aging effect decreased outward to the outer ring. Furthermore, the thickness of the fovea was more important than the thickness of the inner ring and the outer ring for electrooculography, visual acuity, and color sense discrimination in @entity6391 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In middle age @entity6391 @entity1 , the macular thickness decreased, whereas an increased thickness was observed in @entity1 older than 55 years. In addition, the inner temporal area was the most fragile, and the outer inferior area was the least affected in @entity1 with @entity6391 .

title: Macular thickness and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['aging in retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention based on @entity283 ( @entity283 ) that used speech recognition software to promote adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) among individuals with @entity565 who were members of a large health maintenance organization. STUDY DESIGN: Pragmatic randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Adults with @entity565 enrolled in a large managed care organization (N = 8517) were randomized to receive either usual care or an interactive voice recognition (IVR) intervention designed to prompt medication refills and improve ICS adherence. The primary outcome was ICS adherence as measured by modified medication possession ratio calculated from the electronic medical record (EMR). Secondary measures included survey- and EMR-based measures of @entity565 morbidity. RESULTS: Our primary analyses found that ICS adherence increased modestly but significantly for @entity1 in the intervention group relative to those in the usual care group ( /\= 0.02, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.03), with a baseline adherence of 0.42 in both groups. No difference was observed in @entity565 morbidity measures. In post hoc analyses of @entity1 receiving 2 or more direct IVR contacts or detailed messages, the intervention effect was more marked. The overall effect was triple that observed in the primary analyses (0.06 vs 0.02), and significant differences were observed between groups in @entity565 control. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity283 -based adherence intervention shows potential for supporting medication adherence in @entity1 with @entity102 such as @entity565 . However, additional research is needed to determine how best to enhance the reach and effectiveness of such interventions.

title: Use of XXXX to improve medication adherence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'health information technology']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['health information technology']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: It is well established that @entity6 increases the risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and all-cause mortality. Observational studies suggest that a history of @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) may increase this risk further still. We sought to determine to what extent @entity4760 is associated with excess risk over and above @entity6 . METHODS: We identified studies reporting on associations of @entity4760 with @entity65 and all-cause mortality. We obtained data on incident events of all-cause mortality, fatal @entity583 and @entity64 . Study-specific estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis and the statistical heterogeneity of included studies was assessed using the I (2) statistic. RESULTS: The eight studies included reported on 3,619 events of all-cause mortality during 81,116 @entity1 -years of follow-up. @entity4760 was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality ( @entity4736 .89, 95% CI 1.60, 2.23), fatal @entity583 (2.22, 95% CI 1.09, 4.53) and @entity64 (1.41, 95% CI 0.61, 3.24). @entity65 mortality accounted for a similar proportion of deaths in @entity4760 and non- @entity4760 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with @entity4760 have an excess risk of all-cause mortality, compared with @entity1 with @entity6 without a history of @entity4760 . This risk is attributable, in part, to a greater burden of @entity65 . If this result is validated in other studies, strategies should evaluate the role of further aggressive @entity65 risk modification and ulcer prevention in those with @entity4760 .

title: The association of ulceration of the foot with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['fatal stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['DFU', 'diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Neural stem cells persist in the adult @entity1 forebrain and are a potential source of neurons for repair after @entity1545 . The two main areas of persistent neurogenesis, the subventricular zone (SVZ)-olfactory bulb pathway and hippocampal dentate gyrus, are stimulated by brain insults such as @entity64 or @entity130 . Here we focus on the effects of focal @entity2806 on SVZ neural progenitor cells in experimental @entity64 , and the influence of mechanical injury on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in models of @entity131 ( @entity131 ). @entity64 potently stimulates forebrain SVZ cell proliferation and neurogenesis. SVZ neuroblasts are induced to migrate to the injured striatum, and to a lesser extent to the peri- @entity1188 cortex. Controversy exists as to the types of neurons that are generated in the injured striatum, and whether adult-born neurons contribute to functional restoration remains uncertain. Advances in understanding the regulation of SVZ neurogenesis in general, and @entity64 -induced neurogenesis in particular, may lead to improved integration and survival of adult-born neurons at sites of injury. Dentate gyrus cell proliferation and neurogenesis similarly increase after experimental @entity131 . However, pre-existing neuroblasts in the dentate gyrus are vulnerable to traumatic insults, which appear to stimulate neural stem cells in the SGZ to proliferate and replace them, leading to increased numbers of new granule cells. Interventions that stimulate hippocampal neurogenesis appear to improve cognitive recovery after experimental @entity131 . Transgenic methods to conditionally label or ablate neural stem cells are beginning to further address critical questions regarding underlying mechanisms and functional significance of neurogenesis after @entity64 or @entity131 . Future therapies should be aimed at directing appropriate neuronal replacement after ischemic or @entity130 while suppressing aberrant integration that may contribute to co-morbidities such as @entity302 or @entity73 .

title: Forebrain neurogenesis after focal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Ischemic and traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Endogenous opioids generate analgesic signals in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). However, because cell types in the PAG are difficult to identify, its neuronal mechanism has remained poorly understood. To address this issue, we characterized PAG neurons by their electrical properties using differentially labeled GABAergic and output neurons in the PAG. We found that GABAergic neurons were mostly fast-spiking cells and could be further divided into two distinct classes: with or without low-threshold spikes (LTS) driven by T-type channels. In contrast, the PAG output neurons lacked LTS and showed heterogeneous firing patterns. To reveal the function of the LTS, we examined the mutant @entity19 lacking the @entity26915 T-type channels ( @entity26915 (-/-)). The mutant @entity19 lacked LTS in the fast-spiking GABAergic neurons of the PAG and unexpectedly showed impaired opioid-dependent @entity1337 ; a similar phenotype was reproduced in PAG-specific @entity26915 -knockdown @entity19 . Electrophysiological analyses revealed functional expression of mu-opioid receptors in the low threshold-spiking GABAergic neurons. These neurons in the mutant lacking LTS showed markedly enhanced discharge activities, which led to an augmented inhibition of output neurons. Furthermore, the impaired @entity1337 observed in @entity26915 (-/-) @entity19 was reversed by blocking local GABA(A) receptors. These results indicate that @entity26915 T-type channels are critical for the opioidergic descending @entity1337 system in the PAG.

title: T-type channels control the opioidergic descending XXXX at the low threshold-spiking GABAergic neurons in the periaqueductal gray.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The overexpression of @entity436 , @entity1916 and @entity9961 present widely in @entity0 , they may be markers of resistance to treatment. However, the studies are still controversial. Thus, this meta-analysis aims to research the relationship between the overexpression of @entity436 , @entity1916 , @entity9961 and clinical prognosis among @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible literature. The outcomes of interest were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), relapse-free survival (RFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). All tests of statistical significance were two sided. RESULTS: A total of 7830 @entity1 from 28 eligible studies were assessed. The overexpression of the @entity436 and @entity1916 both implied significantly worse @entity1349 compared with normal expression [HR  =  2.56, 95% CI  =  1.34-4.91, P  =  0.005; and HR  =  1.63 95% CI  =  1.20-2.22, P  =  0.002]. Meanwhile, if @entity1 had high expression of @entity436 , they would have worse @entity1349 [HR  =  2.56 95% CI  =  1.52-4.31, P  =  0.000]. However, the overexpression of @entity1916 did not relate  to @entity1349 for @entity0 @entity1 [HR  =  1.16, 95% CI  =  0.69-1.95, P  =  0.570]. Meanwhile, no statistically significant different was observed with respect to @entity1349 and @entity1349 between @entity9961 overexpression and normal expression [HR  =  0.99, 95% CI  =  0.64-1.52, P  =  0.968; and HR  =  0.76, 95% CI  =  0.43-1.33, P  =  0.333]. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed that @entity436 and @entity1916 were efficient prognostic factors for @entity0 . Nevertheless, highly expressing @entity9961 was not related to @entity1349 and @entity1349 . Due to the small samples and insufficient date, further studies should be conducted to clarify the association between the overexpression of @entity436 or @entity1916 or @entity9961 and the prognosis about @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Predictive role of the overexpression for @entity436 , @entity1916 , and @entity9961 among @entity0 XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'PFS', 'overall survival', 'progression-free survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To generate evidence on the longer term cost effectiveness of disease modifying treatments in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study with historical comparator. SETTING: Specialist @entity15 clinics in 70 centres in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 who started treatment from May 2002 to April 2005 under the UK risk sharing scheme. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with interferon beta or glatiramer @entity598 in accordance with guidelines of the UK Association of British Neurologists. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Observed utility weighted progression in disability at two years' follow-up assessed on the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) compared with that expected by applying the progression rates in a comparator dataset, modified for @entity1 receiving treatment by multiplying by the hazard ratio derived separately for @entity66 modifying treatment from the randomised trials. RESULTS: In the primary per protocol analysis, progression in disability was worse than that predicted and worse than that in the untreated comparator dataset ("deviation score" of 113%; excess in mean disability status scale 0.28). In sensitivity analyses, however, the deviation score varied from -72% (using raw baseline disability status scale scores, rather than applying a "no improvement" algorithm) to 156% (imputing missing data for year two from progression rates for year one). CONCLUSIONS: It is too early to reach any conclusion about the cost effectiveness of disease modifying treatments from this first interim analysis. Important methodological issues, including the need for additional comparator datasets, the potential bias from missing data, and the impact of the "no improvement" rule, will need to be addressed and long term follow-up of all @entity1 is essential to secure meaningful results. Future analyses of the cohort are likely to be more informative, not least because they will be less sensitive to short term fluctuations in disability.

title: XXXX risk sharing scheme: two year results of clinical cohort study with historical comparator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['each disease']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine to what extent plasma @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) values influence 5-year all-cause and @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 individuals, independently of albumin excretion rate (AER) and other cardiovascular risk factors, and its incremental usefulness for predicting individual risk of mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Measurements of @entity1851 were performed in 2,381 of 3,249 (73.3%) subjects as part of the population-based Casale Monferrato Study. Its association with 5-year all-cause and @entity65 was assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling. The C statistic and measures of calibration and global fit were also assessed. RESULTS: Results are based on 496 deaths in 11.717 @entity1 -years of observations (median follow-up 5.4 years). With respect to subjects with @entity1851 < or =3 mg/l, those with higher values had an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.51 (95% CI 1.18-1.92) for all-cause mortality and 1.44 (0.99-2.08) for @entity65 . In normoalbuminuric subjects, respective HRs of @entity1851 were 1.56 (1.13-2.15) and 1.65 (1.00-2.74), AER being neither a modifier nor a confounder of @entity1851 association. In analysis limited to @entity6 subjects without @entity65 ( @entity65 ), adjusted HRs were 1.67 (1.24-2.24) for all-cause mortality and 1.36 (0.83-2.24) for @entity65 . The improvement in individual risk assessment was marginal when measured with various statistical measures of model discrimination, calibration, and global fit. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1851 measurement is independently associated with short-term mortality risk in type 2 @entity6 individuals, even in normoalbuminuric subjects and in those without a previous diagnosis of @entity65 . Its clinical usefulness in individual assessment of 5-year risk of mortality, however, is limited.

title: XXXX and 5-year survival in type 2 @entity6 : the Casale Monferrato Study.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Joubert and @entity32973 (JS and @entity32974 ) are ciliopathies with overlapping features. JS @entity1 manifest the "molar tooth sign" on brain imaging and variable eye, kidney, and @entity409 . @entity32974 presents with @entity8767 , @entity3976 , and @entity5767 ; it is typically perinatally fatal. Both syndromes are genetically heterogeneous; some genes cause either syndrome. Here, we report two brothers married to unrelated @entity1 . The first brother had three daughters with JS and a son with @entity8767 who died at birth. The second brother's wife had a fetal demise due to @entity32974 . Whole exome sequencing identified @entity32975 NM_001077416.2: @entity32976 ; @entity32977 in all @entity1 and the wife of the first brother; the second brother's wife had a @entity32978 ; @entity32979 change. In-depth analysis uncovered a rare gene conversion event in @entity32975 , leading to loss of exon 4, in all the affected @entity1 of first brother. We believe that the combination of this gene conversion with different missense mutations led to a spectrum of phenotypes that span JS and @entity32974 .

title: XXXX Gene Conversion Associated with Joubert and @entity32973 in the Same Family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['occipital encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity5767 :: ('MESH:D017689', 'Disease') :: ['polydactyly']

entities_list: @entity32973 :: ('MESH:C536133', 'Disease') :: ['Meckel-Gruber syndromes']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity32979 :: ('p|SUB|W|136|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Trp136Gly)']

entities_list: @entity32977 :: ('p|SUB|D|262|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.(Asp262Asn)']

answer: @entity32975 :: (79583,Gene) :: ['TMEM231']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro and in situ the effects of two bleaching treatments on @entity1 enamel surface microhardness. Sixty enamel slabs from recently extracted thirty molars were used. The specimens were polished with sandpapers under water-cooling. The enamel samples were randomly divided in four groups, treated with 10% @entity273 (HP) or Whitening Strips (WS) containing 10% @entity273 and using two conditions: in vitro or in situ model. For in situ condition, six volunteers wore an intra-oral appliance containing enamel slabs, while for in vitro condition the specimens were kept in deionized water after the bleaching protocols. The bleaching treatments were applied one-hour daily for 14 days. Similar amounts of bleaching agents were used in both conditions. Before and after bleaching treatments, microhardness was measured. Statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey test) showed that in the in situ condition there was no statistically significant @entity353 in the bleached enamel (p>0.05). Significant @entity3358 was observed for enamel slabs bleached with both treatments in the in vitro condition (p<0.05). Regarding the bleaching agents, in situ results showed no difference between HP and WS, while in vitro WS produced the @entity3358 value. It could be concluded that there was no deleterious effect on enamel produced by any of the bleaching protocols used in the in situ model. The @entity3358 was only observed in vitro.

title: In Situ and In Vitro Effects of Two Bleaching Treatments on XXXX Enamel Hardness.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of hardness', 'lowest hardness', 'decrease in hardness']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['microhardness reduction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We evaluated low-dose @entity3873 (0.25 microgram b.i.d.) in combination with 1 g of supplemental @entity460 therapy as treatment for @entity6092 @entity1 over 60 years of age (n = 4). Control @entity1 (n = 6) received @entity7218 (50,000 units twice a week) and 1 g of supplemental @entity460 . Bone biopsies and CT-determined bone mineral density were done initially and after 1 year of therapy. Bone mineral density increased from 77 +/- 18 to 88 +/- 9 mg/ml (NS) in the @entity3873 -treated group and from 87 +/- 13 to 112 +/- 30 mg/ml (NS) in the @entity7218 -treated group. There was also no significant change in bone volume, as determined by bone biopsy in either group. No compression @entity174 occurred in either treatment group. After 1 year of therapy, urinary @entity460 excretion was increased significantly above that observed in age-matched untreated @entity1 . @entity1011 clearance did not change significantly. @entity2741 was rare. In summary, we found @entity3873 was not superior to @entity7218 in preventing progressive @entity604 and @entity174 . Both therapies were associated with significant @entity5200 .

title: Effect of low-dose @entity3873 and @entity460 therapy on bone histomorphometry and urinary XXXX excretion in @entity6092 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7218 :: ('MESH:D004872', 'Chemical') :: ['ergocalciferol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: During 1971-1980, three consecutive clinical studies on @entity3969 were conducted by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Besides several questions on different postoperative treatment modalities, the emphasis of these trials was to determine the role of preoperative therapy. In SIOP-1 (1971-1974) we compared preoperative radiotherapy to immediate surgery. There is no difference in survival or recurrence-free survival between both groups. @entity5 , however, did occur significantly less in the pretreated group, and the recurrence-free survival is clearly lower in @entity1 with intraoperative @entity5 rupture. These results were confirmed by SIOP-2, a non-randomised study conducted between 1974 and 1976. The question tackled by SIOP-5 (1977-1980) was whether preoperative chemotherapy could be a substitute for preoperative radiotherapy. The two preoperative therapies produced equally satisfactory results in terms of recurrence-free survival and 4-year survival rates, and the reduction in the number of @entity397 . In addition, it was shown that with preoperative chemotherapy about 45% of an unselected population of @entity1 with @entity3969 can be treated and cured without any irradiation and its well-known sequelae. The actual need for radiotherapy in @entity5 with negative lymph node involvement (about 30% of the @entity1 after pretreatment) is under investigation in SIOP-6. Cytohistological grading is equally possible after chemotherapy, and also without pretreatment. If antitumour treatment is begun before histopathological diagnosis, then the risk of overtreating @entity1 with benign conditions, or of administering an inappropriate treatment to @entity1 with @entity5 of other types, is about 6%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The advantages of preoperative therapy in XXXX . A summarised report on clinical trials conducted by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP).

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumour", 'nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['operative ruptures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'Tumour ruptures', 'stage II tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumour']


abstract: Activated neutrophils have been implicated as playing an important role in @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the liver by releasing toxic mediators such as @entity26 free radicals and elastases. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a novel, specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor ( @entity11011 ) on cold- @entity63 /reperfusion injury of the liver allograft in rodents. Livers from male Lewis @entity35 were procured and stored cold (4 degrees C) in lactated Ringer's solution and transplanted orthotopically. Recipients were divided into three groups: Vehicle group, 5-h preservation and vehicle (n = 8); @entity11011 group, 5-h preservation and administration of @entity11011 (n = 8); and Control group, minimum preservation only (n = 8). Bile output after reperfusion was significantly larger in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0.05 or less). Sinusoidal endothelial cell function represented by the serum @entity4023 concentration at 120 min after reperfusion of the @entity11011 group was significantly lower than that in the Vehicle group (17.0 +/- 7.9 vs 36.2 +/- 14.9 ng/ml, P < 0.05), whereas serum transaminase levels 120 min after reperfusion were comparable between the two groups. Liver tissue energy charge 120 min after reperfusion was significantly better in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the number of neutrophils infiltrating the allograft after reperfusion was significantly depressed in the @entity11011 group compared to the Vehicle group (P < 0. 02). These data suggest that the neutrophil elastase might cause @entity409 early after reperfusion in cold-stored liver, which can be ameliorated by the administration of a specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor, @entity11011 .

title: Effect of specific neutrophil elastase inhibitor on @entity63 /reperfusion injury in XXXX liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECT: Microvascular decompression has become an accepted surgical technique for the treatment of @entity4254 , @entity1649 , @entity5587 , and other @entity129 . The senior author (P.J.J.) began performing this procedure in 1969 and has performed more than 4400 operations. The purpose of this article is to review some of the nuances of the technical aspects of this procedure. METHODS: A review of 4415 operations shows that numerous modifications to the technique of microvascular decompression have occurred during the last 29 years. Of the 2420 operations performed for @entity4254 , @entity1649 , and @entity5587 before 1990, @entity76 occurred in 21 cases (0.87%), @entity393 in 48 (1.98%), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage in 59 cases (2.44%). Of the 1995 operations performed since 1990, @entity76 declined to nine cases (0.45%), @entity393 to 16 (0.8%), and CSF leakage to 37 (1.85% p < 0.01, test for equality of distributions). The authors describe slight variations made to maximize surgical exposure and minimize potential complications in each of the six principal steps of this operation. These modifications have led to decreasing complication rates in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: Using the techniques described in this report, microvascular decompression is an extremely safe and effective treatment for many @entity129 .

title: XXXX : lessons learned after 4400 operations.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve rhizopathies']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity5587 :: ('MESH:D020435', 'Disease') :: ['glossopharyngeal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar injury', 'cerebellar injuries']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['Microvascular decompression of cranial nerves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small randomized trials have demonstrated that radial access reduces access site complications compared to a femoral approach. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine if radial access reduces major @entity548 and as a result can reduce @entity204 and @entity63 events compared to femoral access. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from 1980 to April 2008. Relevant conference abstracts from 2005 to April 2008 were searched. Randomized trials comparing radial versus femoral access coronary angiography or intervention that reported major @entity548 , @entity204 , @entity583 , and procedural or fluoroscopy time were included. A fixed-effects model was used with a random effects for sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: Radial access reduced major @entity548 by 73% compared to femoral access (0.05% vs 2.3%, OR 0.27 [95% CI 0.16, 0.45], P < .001). There was a trend for reductions in the composite of @entity204 , @entity583 , or @entity64 (2.5% vs 3.8%, OR 0.71 [95% CI 0.49-1.01], P = .058) as well as @entity204 (1.2% vs 1.8% OR 0.74 [95% CI 0.42-1.30], P = .29). There was a trend for higher rate of inability to the @entity75 with wire, balloon, or stent during percutaneous coronary intervention with radial access (4.7% vs 3.4% OR 1.29 [95% CI 0.87, 1.94], P = .21). Radial access reduced hospital stay by 0.4 days (95% CI 0.2-0.5, P = .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Radial access reduced major @entity548 and there was a corresponding trend for reduction in @entity63 events compared to femoral access. Large randomized trials are needed to confirm the benefit of radial access on @entity204 and @entity63 events.

title: Radial versus femoral access for coronary angiography or intervention and the impact on major @entity548 and XXXX events: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cross lesion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: To evaluate @entity172 metabolism in the fetoplacental unit after @entity9027 ( @entity29215 ) injection to the mother, unconjugated @entity1815 , @entity53 , @entity11111 and @entity15685 in maternal vein (MV), umbilical vein (UV), umbilical artery (UA) and @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) were measured after @entity29215 injection. Eighteen normal obstetric @entity1 (37-39W) on whom was performed elective repeat cesarean section were injected with 100 mg of @entity29215 30-60 minutes (7 cases), 120 minutes (6 cases), 180-240 minutes (5 cases) before delivery. The injection of @entity29215 to the mother resulted in a rapid marked rise in @entity53 levels in MV (400% of control) and @entity1815 levels in UV (1480% of control). The rise in @entity1815 levels in MV was slower than that of @entity53 . The increase in @entity53 in UV and UA was significant, but the values were lower than that in MV. No significant changes in @entity11111 levels in each compartment were demonstrated. However, a significant increase in @entity15685 was observed in each compartment by 4 hours. A significant correlation was found between individual MV and UV plasma @entity15685 concentrations. These results indicate that placenta secretes @entity1815 and @entity53 asymmetrically to maternal and fetal circulation after @entity29215 injection. Determination of the maternal @entity53 and @entity15685 rise after @entity29215 injection may reflect placental and fetoplacental function, but @entity11111 may not.

title: [Study on the clinical evaluation of @entity29215 loading as a fetoplacental function test--effect of XXXX on @entity172 metabolism at a fetoplacental unit].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate']

answer: @entity29215 :: (MESH:C027493,Chemical) :: ['DHAS']


abstract: @entity1968 (RA), which is the biologically active form of @entity904 , acts through the nuclear hormone receptor @entity14933 ( @entity14933 ) to induce either gene activation or repression. RA production and its effects have been linked to macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, and iNKT cells in the immune system and play pro- as well as anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cell type and the immune context. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Lee et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2012. 42: 1685-1694] show that RA ameliorates Con A-induced @entity19 @entity99 by selectively downmodulating IFN-y and @entity58 production in disease-causing NKT cells in the liver. Remarkably, this effect is restricted to this @entity409 model and does not apply to aGalCer-induced @entity19 @entity99 , which is driven by other cytokines. The study identifies retinoid signaling as an important endogenous mechanism controlling immune reactions and also as a potential pharmacological target for treatment of @entity409 . Furthermore, the study by Lee et al. provides additional support for the concept of metabolic regulation of immune function.

title: Would eating carrots protect your liver? A new role involving NKT cells for XXXX in @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic liver injury', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: The biological threat imposed by orthopoxviruses warrants the development of safe and effective vaccines. We developed a candidate orthopoxvirus DNA-based vaccine, termed 4pox, which targets four viral structural components, A33, B5, A27, and L1. While this vaccine protects @entity19 and nonhuman primates from lethal infections, we are interested in further enhancing its potency. One approach to enhance potency is to include additional orthopoxvirus immunogens. Here, we investigated whether vaccination with the @entity6621 (VACV) interferon (IFN)-binding molecule ( @entity5589 ) could protect BALB/c @entity19 against lethal VACV challenge. We found that vaccination with this molecule failed to significantly protect @entity19 from VACV when delivered alone. @entity5589 modestly augmented protection when delivered together with the 4pox vaccine. All animals receiving the 4pox vaccine plus @entity5589 lived, whereas only 70% of those receiving a single dose of 4pox vaccine survived. Mapping studies using truncated mutants revealed that vaccine-generated antibodies spanned the immunoglobulin superfamily domains 1 and 2 and, to a lesser extent, 3 of the @entity5589 . These antibodies inhibited @entity5589 cell binding and IFN neutralization activity, indicating that they were functionally active. This study shows that DNA vaccination with the VACV @entity5589 results in a robust immune response but that this response does not significantly enhance protection in a high-dose challenge model.

title: Evaluating the orthopoxvirus type I interferon-binding molecule as a vaccine target in the XXXX intranasal @entity19 challenge model.

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6621 :: (10245,Species) :: ['vaccinia virus']