abstract: OBJECTIVE: To give the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1 with complicated @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to rule out or identify @entity4034 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-seven (14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; mean age 60    12.2 years) with @entity2175 and suspected @entity4034 that had developed in the presence of @entity6 were examined. Ankle joint and foot MRI was carried out in T1-weighted MR image, T2-weighed MRI image, and FSat sequences. The soft tissue, tendoligamentous apparatus, and bones were evaluated. The results of MRI were compared with the data of a clinical follow-up study and surgery, followed by morphological examination. The diagnosis of @entity4034 was validly established in 7 cases; this disease was absent in 20 @entity1 . RESULTS: MRI showed the highest sensitivity for @entity236 (100%), soft tissue swelling (85.7%), and their concurrence (85.7%) and the highest specificity for an extensive @entity130 or @entity292 attached to the bone (100%) and @entity236 concurrent with @entity2762 (90%). With a sensitivity of 14.3% and a specificity of 10%, MRI was of less informative value in assessing @entity79 . It was characterized by moderate sensitivity and moderate specificity for soft tissue destruction (57.1 and 42.9%, respectively) and @entity2762 (55 and 50%, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity4034 MRI demonstrated a polymorphic pattern with different diagnostic efficiency for individual symptoms.

title: [Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the study of XXXX with @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot syndrome', 'DFS']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity2762 :: ('MESH:D013717', 'Disease') :: ['tenosynovitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recently, @entity2522 -derived stem/progenitor cells isolated via STRO-1/magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) showed remarkable periodontal regenerative potential in vivo. As a second-stage investigation, the present study's aim was to perform in vitro characterisation and comparison of the stem/progenitor cell characteristics of sorted STRO-1-positive (MACS   ) and STRO-1-negative (MACS   ) cell populations from the @entity1 free @entity2522 . Cells were isolated from the free gingiva using a minimally invasive technique and were magnetically sorted using anti-STRO-1 antibodies. Subsequently, the MACS    and MACS    cell fractions were characterized by flow cytometry for expression of @entity5750 , @entity2280 , @entity1195 , @entity12359 , @entity5399 , CD105, @entity9502 / @entity9502 and STRO-1. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and multilineage differentiation potential were assayed for both cell fractions. Mineralisation marker expression was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MACS    and MACS(-) cell fractions showed plastic adherence. MACS    cells, in contrast to MACS    cells, showed all of the predefined mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell characteristics and a significantly higher number of CFUs (P<0.01). More than 95% of MACS    cells expressed CD105, @entity5399 and @entity12359 ; lacked the haematopoietic markers @entity1195 , @entity2280 and @entity5750 , and expressed STRO-1 and @entity9502 / @entity9502 . MACS    cells showed a different surface marker expression profile, with almost no expression of @entity5750 or STRO-1, and more than 95% of these cells expressed @entity12359 , @entity5399 and @entity9502 / @entity9502 , as well as the haematopoietic markers @entity2280 and @entity1195 and CD105. MACS    cells could be differentiated along osteoblastic, adipocytic and chondroblastic lineages. In contrast, MACS    cells demonstrated slight osteogenic potential. Unstimulated MACS    cells showed significantly higher expression of collagen I (P<0.05) and collagen III (P<0.01), whereas MACS    cells demonstrated higher expression of osteonectin (P<0.05; Mann-Whitney). The present study is the first to compare gingival MACS    and MACS    cell populations demonstrating that MACS    cells, in contrast to MACS    cells, harbour stem/progenitor cell characteristics. This study also validates the effectiveness of the STRO-1/MACS    technique for the isolation of gingival stem/progenitor cells. @entity1 free @entity2522 -derived STRO-1/MACS    cells are a unique renewable source of multipotent stem/progenitor cells.

title: Isolation and characterisation of XXXX @entity2522 -derived STRO-1/MACS(+) and MACS(-) cell populations.

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival margin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1808 is elevated in @entity101 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity11154 blockade can prevent the development of @entity101 even in the absence of a blood pressure-lowering effect. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two-kidney, 1-clip @entity35 were followed up for 28 days; blood pressure was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography and intra-arterially. After a 2-week run-in phase, @entity35 received @entity917 at a dose of 0.3 (n=14) or 3 (n=12) mg. kg(-1). d(-1) or solvent (n=27). Only the higher dose of @entity917 , but not the lower dose, decreased blood pressure. Both doses of @entity917 prevented the development of lethal @entity101 . Twenty of 27 solvent-treated @entity2792 @entity35 died, but only 3 of 14 @entity35 treated with the low dose and 1 of 12 @entity35 treated with the high dose of @entity917 died. Histological signs of malignant @entity9161 were found in all @entity35 examined that had died throughout the study and in 6 of 7 surviving solvent-treated @entity2792 animals. Increased expression of @entity657 and prominent interstitial influx of macrophages occurred in the nonclipped kidneys exposed to high pressure in solvent-treated @entity35 . These alterations were prevented by @entity917 at both doses, irrespective of blood pressure effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11154 blockade by @entity917 prevents lethal @entity101 independently of blood pressure. The results suggest that reduction of angiotensin-induced @entity32 in the kidney may contribute to the protective effects of @entity917 .

title: @entity11154 blockade prevents lethal XXXX : relation to kidney inflammation.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hypertension']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'Angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['malignant hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective study, conducted in @entity1 with @entity1645 ( @entity1645 ) related @entity1644 who underwent posterior decompression and duroplasty, utilizes radionuclide cisternography in order to study the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics at the foramen magnum and to predict the clinical outcome following surgery. METHODS: 17 consecutive @entity1 of @entity1645 with @entity1644 (but without @entity1276 or fixed @entity9807 ), underwent a detailed neurological examination and were assigned a clinical disability score based on the modified Klekamp and Samii score. A radionuclide cisternography (using @entity42317 ) was performed via the lumbar route and the ascent of the tracer was followed utilizing a gamma camera immediately after injection and then sequentially after 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours. After posterior decompression and duroplasty, the modified Klekamp and Samii score was repeated at follow-up visits (range: 3 months to one year) along with radionuclide cisternography at 3 months, and MR imaging at 6 months. FINDINGS: Three patterns of tracer flow were observed: a). rapid flow (n=7); b). supratentorial subarachnoid delay (n=7); and, c). foramen magnum block (n=3). The @entity1 having foramen magnum block had the poorest clinical scores on admission. At follow up, there was an improvement in the clinical scores so that the mean scores in all three categories reached nearly the same level. Following posterior decompression, the radionuclide cisternography performed in 10 @entity1 showed a rapid flow of the tracer without any obstruction. The syrinx resolved in 4 of the 11 @entity1 in whom an MRI was done. INTERPRETATION: The @entity1 with @entity1645 with @entity1644 may often have a free flow of tracer across the FM. Posterior decompression and duroplasty provides maximum clinical relief in @entity1 with a demonstrable foramen magnum block on radionuclide cisternography while those with a normal flow have less relief. The symptomatology related to brain-stem compression immediately responds to the surgical procedure but the syrinx-induced signs and symptoms of @entity602 persist.

title: @entity1645 related XXXX : radionuclide cisternography as a predictor of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['C I', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto-axial dislocation']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: Background. @entity981 ( @entity42422 ) is a @entity5 with high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to validate the expression profile of 45 genes associated with signaling pathways involved in @entity1778 and to evaluate their association with the prognosis of @entity42422 . Methods. 219 samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 73 @entity42422 @entity1 were studied at diagnosis, four, and eight weeks after starting treatment. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. Normalized delta Cq values of 23 genes showed differences between @entity42422 and controls at diagnosis time (P values < 0.05). There were significant associations between @entity42422 @entity1 relapse/ @entity204 and the expression levels of @entity2902 , @entity32561 , @entity23120 , and @entity7801 genes at least in one of the times evaluated (P values < 0.05 and odds ratio ranges: 3.73-27). The association between @entity7801 deregulation and relapse/ @entity204 was a constant in the times studied and their overexpression significantly increased the odds of relapse/ @entity204 in a range of 3.73 and 6.05 among study population (P values < 0.05). Conclusions. Overexpression of @entity7801 and @entity23120 genes retained independent prognostic significance for @entity42422 outcome, reflected as increased risks of relapse/ @entity204 among the study population.

title: Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with prognosis of B XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia type B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic disorder']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In germline @entity5345 or @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) mutation carriers, restoration of @entity5 @entity14049 function by a secondary mutation is recognized as a mechanism of resistance to @entity902 and @entity9190 inhibitors, primarily in @entity43 . We evaluated this mechanism of resistance in newly diagnosed @entity14049 -mutant @entity0 @entity1 with poor response to neoadjuvant @entity902 -based therapy. METHODS: PrECOG 0105 was a phase II neoadjuvant study of @entity136 , @entity3003 and iniparib in @entity1 with stage I-IIIA triple-negative or @entity14049 mutation-associated @entity0 (n=80). All @entity1 underwent comprehensive @entity14049 genotyping. For mutation carriers with moderate or extensive @entity66 after neoadjuvant therapy, @entity14049 status was re-sequenced in the residual surgical @entity0 tissue. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 had a deleterious germline @entity14049 mutation and 4 had moderate @entity66 at surgery. @entity14049 sequencing of residual tissue was performed on three @entity1 . These @entity1 had @entity5345 @entity60436 , @entity60437 and @entity60438 mutations, respectively, with loss of heterozygosity at these loci in the pre-treatment @entity5 . In the first case, a new @entity5345 mutation was detected in the @entity66 . This resulted in a 14 @entity3689 deletion and restoration of the @entity5345 reading frame. A local relapse biopsy four months later revealed the identical reversion mutation, and the @entity1 subsequently died of metastatic @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: We report a @entity5345 reversion mutation in a newly diagnosed triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 that developed over 18 weeks of @entity902 -based neoadjuvant therapy. This was associated with poor therapy response, early relapse and @entity204 .

title: Tumor @entity5345 Reversion Mutation Arising During Neoadjuvant @entity902 -Based Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative XXXX Is Associated with Therapy Resistance.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a growing interest to know the characteristics of @entity5422 due to @entity23699 because of it is an emergent disease. OBJECTIVE: To describe the intrathecal synthesis pattern of IgG subclasses in pediatric @entity1 suffering from @entity1712 due to @entity23699 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten pediatric @entity1 with the disease were studied. During the firs diagnostic lumbar puncture an eosinophilic pleocitosis was found. Simultaneously a serum sample was taken. Eight days later, a second lumbar and @entity1211 was performed. To every serum and cerebrospinal fluid sample IgA, IgM, IgG, albumin and the four subclasses of IgG were quantified by immunodiffusion and a differential cell count. RESULTS: During the first diagnostic lumbar puncture, all the cases had blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction with absence of immunoglobulins intrathecal synthesis with a mean of 450 106cells/L and 48% of eosinophils average. In the second lumbar punction there was a 40% @entity1 with dysfunction of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier and with a synthesis pattern IgA+IgM+IgG in the 50% o @entity1 and with IgA+IgG in four @entity1 . The synthesis pattern of IgG subclasses was IgG1+IgG2 in six patients, IgG1+IgG2+ @entity3172 in one patient, IgG1+IgG2+IgG4 in one more @entity1 and two @entity1 without intrathecal synthesis. CONCLUSION: The intrathecal synthesis pattern of IgG subclasses can contribute to @entity1712 diagnosis due to @entity23699 .

title: [IgG subclasses intrathecal synthesis patterns in XXXX due to @entity23699 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity23699 :: ('6313', 'Species') :: ['Angiostrongylus cantonensis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous puncture']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilic meningoencephalitis']


abstract: We used @entity19 to test our hypothesis that in response to viral invasion, stem cells may migrate into the heart and attenuate the effect of @entity2401 . Male BALB/c @entity19 were divided into three groups: @entity19 embryonic stem (ES) cell control, @entity9258 ), and @entity9258 + ES cells. After administration of ES cells via tail vein, @entity19 were immediately inoculated with @entity9258 . @entity19 were sacrificed at different days after @entity9258 inoculation. Mortality was recorded. Inflammatory cell infiltration and @entity39 (major pathological changes of @entity2401 ) were evaluated by @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. ES cell migration and differentiation were identified by immunofluorescence. The survival rate in the @entity9258 + ES cell group (80%) was significantly increased (p < 0.05) over the @entity9258 -alone group (64%). Also, the incidence of @entity32 and @entity296 was lower in the @entity9258 + ES cell @entity19 . Furthermore, the result of green fluorescent protein (GFP) and @entity8859 analysis indicated that ES cells migrated into the heart and differentiated into myocytes after virus inoculation. In conclusion, ES cells significantly increased the survival of @entity2401 @entity19 and also decreased the @entity39 and infiltration of inflammatory cells. These results demonstrated the ability of stem cells to mitigate the effects of @entity1800 on the heart and illustrated their potential therapeutic application to other @entity1 species, including @entity1 .

title: Embryonic stem cells attenuate XXXX in @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9258 :: ('12104', 'Species') :: ['EMCV', 'encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['viral myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['viral myocarditis']


abstract: @entity2123 has presented an increasing occurrence in the last four decades, due especially to the growth of accidents with automobiles as well as to the urban violence. Both of which continue being the main cause of such @entity130 . AIM: To evaluate the features of the population victim of facial @entity130 as to gender, age, occupation, origin, type of @entity174 and its cause. DESIGN STUDY: retrospective clinical with transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study consulting hospital registers of 513 @entity1 victims of the facial @entity130 . RESULTS: There was a higher incidence of facial @entity130 on @entity1 (84,9%), white (82,7) and with an average age of 29. Regarding occupation, the @entity130 was mostly occurred to students (16,6%) and Masons (11,2%). The jaw was the most affected place (35%), followed by zygoma (24%) and by the nose (23%), though most @entity1 presented a single facial @entity174 (82,5%). Among the causes, accidents with automobiles (28,3%), @entity146 (21%) and accidental fall s (19,5%) were the most common. CONCLUSIONS: Accidents with automobiles continue being the main cause of facial @entity130 , especially of @entity174 due to the great transmission of kinetic energy.

title: Etiology and incidence @entity174 in XXXX and adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'multiple fractures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['Facial trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity888 (MA) dependence accounts for substantial neuropsychiatric morbidity. Furthermore, there is evidence in the literature of @entity73 in chronic users. OBJECTIVES: This report compares the general @entity146 and cognitive functioning, including impulsive decision-making, of individuals dependent on MA and normal controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one currently abstinent individuals in treatment for @entity734 and 41 controls participated. Controls were selected to minimize group differences in age and gender. MA users met DSM-IV criteria for @entity734 , had average daily use of 0.5 g/day (0.5-6 g/day), had been abstinent at least 2 weeks (2-24 weeks), and did not currently meet criteria for other @entity146 . Psychiatric symptoms were rated on standardized scales. Cognitive function was assessed with a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests. Impulsivity was assessed using a delay discounting task, which measured preference for small, immediate, and large delayed rewards. RESULTS: The MA group reported more @entity146 symptoms than controls, and was impaired relative to controls on the Babcock Story Recall-Delayed and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. MA-dependent subjects discounted delayed rewards more than controls, and this measure of impulsivity was correlated with @entity2414 in the MA group but not in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: MA-dependent individuals are more impulsive than controls, and this may be causally related to @entity2414 but was unrelated to any other measure of @entity73 or any drug use history variable.

title: Neuropsychological function and delay discounting in XXXX -dependent individuals.

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Axis I psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric and cognitive impairment', 'psychiatric or cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['MA dependence']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: A retrospective study was undertaken to reassess the various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ). MRI examinations of 22 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity3181 were studied. Spin-echo (SE) T1- (TR = 300-450 ms/TE = 12-15 ms), and SE T2-weighted (TR = 1600-2000 ms/TE = 30-60/90-120 ms) MRI images were obtained in all @entity1 . Gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) images (TR = 7-60 ms/TE = 3-19 ms, flip angle = 10-40 degrees) were obtained in 14 @entity1 . MRI showed @entity715 of three or two hepatic veins in 19 (86%) and 3 (14%) @entity1 , respectively. Spontaneous intrahepatic anastomoses was depicted in five (23%) @entity1 . Ascites appeared in 15 @entity1 (68%). @entity715 or external compression of the inferior vena cava (IVC) by an enlarged caudate lobe was depicted in six (27%) and five (23%) @entity1 , respectively. Prominent azygos and hemiazygos veins were demonstrated in seven (32%) @entity1 (six of whom had @entity715 of the IVC). MRI showed @entity382 in all @entity1 and enlarged caudate lobe in 18 (82%) @entity1 . SE T1- and SE T2-weighted MRI images revealed inhomogeneous signal intensity of @entity99 in 14 (64%) @entity1 . SE T1- and SE T2-weighted MRI images showed homogeneous signal intensity of @entity99 in eight (36%) @entity1 . Our results demonstrate that @entity3181 displays various features on MRI images, and such information is important for diagnosis.

title: MRI of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oncolytic herpes vectors like G207 have shown considerable promise in the treatment of solid @entity5 , but their potency must be enhanced for the full achievement of therapeutic efficacy. Deletion of the innate gamma34.5 gene made these vectors extremely safe, but their efficacy was also severely attenuated. Use of @entity5 -specific promoters is one method to direct @entity137 and enhance efficacy against @entity5 . Recently, @entity5440 has been shown expressed in some @entity5 tissues. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 @entity5 cell lines including five @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were investigated. @entity5440 mRNA expression was examined by RT-PCR analysis. Western blotting was also performed. Transcriptional activity of P/ @entity5440 in @entity1149 was assayed by GFP reporter plasmids. Then we constructed a defective amplicon vector containing @entity5440 promoter/ICP34.5 with G207 as helper virus (dvM345). In vitro @entity137 against @entity1149 and growth characteristics of helper virus were examined. A Lu-99 subcutaneous @entity5 model was used in an animal study. The @entity5 volume treated with G207 alone or dvM345 was measured. RESULTS: @entity5440 mRNA was detected in four cell lines. Two in five @entity1149 were positive, and P/ @entity5440 was proved functional within them. Against these cell lines, dvM345 showed enhanced @entity137 , and helper viral growth was augmented. A subcutaneous @entity5 study confirmed the enhanced therapeutic efficacy of G207 by dvM345 without compromising safety. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity5440 might be involved in the development of several @entity189 including NSCLC. In the context of oncolytic herpes vector strategy, the P/ @entity5440 -ICP34.5 method could be used for the treatment of @entity5 expressing @entity5440 .

title: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic herpes vector G207 against @entity1 XXXX --expression of an RNA-binding protein, @entity5440 , as a marker for the tailored gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Female @entity35 modulate the number and interval between the intromissions the female receives during mating. This patterned vaginocervical stimulation (VCS) is critical for triggering long-term changes in prolactin (PRL) secretion necessary for pregnancy or pseudopregnancy (P/ @entity25865 ). Previous work has shown that @entity143 receptor activation in the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MEApd) is required at the time of mating for VCS to induce the twice-daily PRL surges characteristic of P/ @entity25865 . The current studies examined whether patterned activation of @entity2227 receptors within the MEApd induces P/ @entity25865 . In anesthetized, cycling females, three 0.27 microg @entity143 infusions given at 30 min intervals into the MEApd initiated P/ @entity25865 , whereas a single @entity143 infusion of the same total dose (0.8 microg) had no effect. In conscious, freely behaving females, three infusions of an excitatory @entity535 (EAA) mixture applied at the same interval were more effective in initiating P/ @entity25865 and nocturnal PRL surges than were single infusions at the same or higher concentrations. Infusion intervals of 5 and 60 min as well as continuous 1 h infusion did not induce P/ @entity25865 . Finally, a synergistic effect was observed between EAA and mating stimulation, because a subthreshold EAA infusion combined with subthreshold numbers of intromissions induced P/ @entity25865 . These results demonstrate that repeated, properly spaced, temporally discreet periods of @entity2227 receptor activation within the MEApd, which mimic mating stimulation, encode for P/ @entity25865 . Such findings suggest that single intromissions normally release individually subthreshold quanta of @entity2227 within the MEApd that summate to induce P/ @entity25865 .

title: Coding for the initiation of pseudopregnancy by temporally patterned activation of amygdalar XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity30 and @entity31 are both systemic @entity102 that alter bowel physiology. The central process in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) and the associated manifestations are the result of B-cell production of IgG autoantibodies directed against self-antigens in various organ systems including coronary endothelium. Previous studies have demonstrated significant micro-vascular @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity29 compared to @entity1 not affected by the disease. We sought to analyze the relation, if any, between @entity29 and the development of premature @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: We queried our hospital database to find @entity29 @entity1 admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2008. @entity1 with traditional cardiovascular (CV) disease risk factors including @entity101 , @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity6 , age >=  65, @entity407 , family history, @entity454 ( @entity454 ), and greater than five pack-year smoking history were excluded from the study cohort. The charts of the remaining 300 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity29 were then analyzed for the incidence of @entity65 events including acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity1459 , positive stress testing, and any cardiac intervention including coronary angioplasty and/or intracoronary stent implantation. RESULTS: Of the 300 @entity1 included, only one @entity1 had a @entity65 event. This @entity1 had a positive exercise stress thallium test. Otherwise, the remaining 299 @entity1 (99.7%) did not have any reported @entity65 events over the 2-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Most of the clinical sequelae of @entity65 events are the result of inflammatory changes at the vascular level. While @entity29 is associated with a chronic inflammatory state as reflected by high sedimentation rates, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1255 levels, etc., our data seem to indicate that @entity32 in the absence of traditional risk factors is not associated with an increased risk of premature @entity65 events. More wide-scale prospective studies should be performed to elucidate the relationship, if any, between @entity32 and @entity65 risk.

title: XXXX as a risk factor for premature @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBD', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CV disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The presented report describes the epidemiology of potential @entity12539 exposures and examines the utilization of anti- @entity12539 vaccine in a rural area of Ethiopia during a period of 43 months. A total of 683 @entity1 (51.1% females, 73% @entity1 ) with animal- related bites were included in the retrospective, registry-based study. The most common site of exposure was the leg (66.8%). In @entity1 under 8 years of age the face was more often involved than in adults (9.5% vs. 4.8%; p=0.03). The main type of exposure was a bite with @entity548 (66.3%) followed by contamination of mucous membranes with saliva (19.7%). The primary sources were @entity235 (93.4%) followed by @entity468 (2.6%). @entity1 under 15 years were more likely to be exposed to @entity235 (94.9%) than adults (88.7%) (p=0.01). The most common way of coming in contact with animals was 'walking by' (83.9%). @entity1 came in contact with animals while 'playing with' (10.7%) more often than adults (1.1%) (p<0.001). All the @entity1 received an anti- @entity12539 nervous-tissue vaccine, 99% of whom completed the vaccination course. Animal bites continue to be a problem in rural Ethiopia, mainly among @entity1 . Efforts to protect @entity1 against animal bites must be of paramount importance in preventing @entity12539 in this population.

title: Epidemiology of animal bites and other potential XXXX exposures and anti- @entity12539 vaccine utilization in a rural area in Southern Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity12539 :: (MESH:D011818,Disease) :: ['rabies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the potential of aortic arch variants, specifically @entity291 aortic arch, @entity5525 , and @entity5216 , as markers for @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ). METHODS: We screened imaging data of 556 @entity1 undergoing surgery due to @entity2333 for presence of aortic arch variations. Demographic data were collected during chart review and compared with a historical control group of 4617 @entity1 . RESULTS: Out of 556 @entity1 with @entity2333 , 33.5% (186 @entity1 ) demonstrated anomalies of the aortic arch, compared with 18.2% in the control group (P  <  .001). Three hundred seventy (66.5%) had no anomaly of the aortic arch. @entity291 aortic arch emerged as the most common anomalous branch pattern with a prevalence of 24.6% (n  =  137). Thirty-five @entity1 (6.3%) had an @entity5525 , and 10 @entity1 (1.8%) had an @entity5216 . When compared with the control group, all 3 arch variations showed significant higher prevalence in @entity1 with @entity2333 (P  <  .001). @entity1 with @entity449 and anomalous branch patterns had @entity101 less frequently (73.5% vs 81.8%; P  =  .048), but had a higher rate of bicuspid aortic valve (40.8% vs 30.6%; P  =  .042) when compared with @entity1 with @entity439 but normal aortic arch anatomy. @entity1 with aortic branch variations were significantly younger (58.6    13.7 years vs 62.4    12.9 years; P  =  .002) and needed intervention for the aortic arch more frequently than @entity1 with normal arch anatomy (46% vs 34.6%; P  =  .023). CONCLUSIONS: Aortic arch variations are significantly more common in @entity1 with @entity2333 than in the general population. Atypical branching variants may warrant consideration as potential anatomic markers for future development of @entity2333 .

title: Atypical aortic arch branching variants: A novel marker for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5525 :: ('MESH:C538664', 'Disease') :: ['isolated left vertebral artery']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['TAD', 'thoracic aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic disease']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of @entity2790 (IOP) elevation on retinal anatomy and function in a @entity19 model of experimental @entity726 . IOP was elevated by anterior chamber injection of a fixed combination of @entity852 beads and @entity4023 , and maintained via re-injection after 24 weeks. IOP was measured weekly with a rebound tonometer for 48 weeks. Histology was assessed with a combination of retrograde labeling and antibody staining. Retinal physiology and function was assessed with dark-adapted electroretinograms (ERGs). Comparisons between bead-injected animals and various controls were conducted at both 24 and 48 weeks after bead injection. IOP was elevated throughout the study. IOP elevation resulted in a reduction of @entity5995 ganglion cell (RGCs) and an increase in axial length at both 24 and 48 weeks after bead injection. The b-wave amplitude of the @entity42127 was increased to the same degree in bead-injected eyes at both time points, similar to previous studies. The positive scotopic threshold response (pSTR) amplitude, a measure of RGC electrical function, was diminished at both 24 and 48 weeks when normalized to the increased b-wave amplitude. At 48 weeks, the pSTR amplitude was reduced even without normalization, suggesting more profound RGC dysfunction. We conclude that injection of @entity852 beads and @entity4023 causes chronic IOP elevation which results in phenotypes of stable b-wave amplitude increase and progressive pSTR amplitude reduction, as well as RGC loss and @entity3656 .

title: Prolonged elevation of intraocular pressure results in retinal ganglion cell loss and abnormal retinal function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['axial length elongation']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) is now being used as a smoking cessation aid during pregnancy, although little is known about fetal safety. We assessed the relationship between early pregnancy exposure to NRT or smoking with @entity154 ( @entity154 ) in offspring. METHODS: We studied 192   498 @entity1 born in the United Kingdom between 2001 and 2012 with linked mother- @entity1 primary care records. The absolute risks of MCAs in the NRT group ( @entity1 prescribed NRT during the first trimester or 1 month before conception [and therefore likely consumed during the first trimester]) and odds ratios (ORs) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs) were compared with those of @entity1 who smoked during pregnancy and with a control group ( @entity1 who neither smoked nor were prescribed NRT); logistic regression models adjusted for maternal morbidities that increase @entity154 risk were used for analysis. RESULTS: @entity154 prevalence was 288 per 10   000 live births (5535 @entity1 with >= 1 @entity154 ). Maternal morbidities were most common in the NRT group (35%) followed by smokers (27%) and the control group (20%). Compared with the control group, adjusted ORs for MCAs in the NRT group and smokers were 1.12 (99% CI: 0.84-1.48) and 1.05 (99% CI: 0.89-1.23), respectively. The OR comparing the NRT group directly with smokers was 1.07 (99% CI: 0.78-1.47). There were no statistically significant associations between maternal NRT and system-specific anomalies except for @entity1576 (OR: 4.65 [99% CI: 1.76-12.25]; absolute risk difference: 3 per 1000 births), which was based on 10 exposed cases. CONCLUSIONS: For most system-specific MCAs, we found no statistically significant increased risks associated with maternal NRT prescribed during pregnancy, except for @entity1576 . Although this study is the largest published to date, NRT use in pregnancy remains rare; thus, the statistical power was limited. Higher morbidities in those @entity1 prescribed NRT may also be an explanatory factor. Nevertheless, absolute @entity154 risks were similar between @entity1 who smoked and those prescribed NRT during pregnancy.

title: XXXX Replacement Therapy in Pregnancy and Major @entity154 in Offspring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['major congenital anomalies', 'MCA']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory anomalies']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: The Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-- @entity1238 (FETAX) was used to assess the teratogenic potential of four solvents. Embryos of the South African @entity1238 , @entity1238 , were exposed for 96 h to @entity1068 , @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), @entity27390 or @entity653 formal. Exposure groups were maintained using a static renewal system in which the exposure media were changed at 24-h intervals. Survival was monitored at 24-h intervals. Length, as an indicator of growth effects, and developmental @entity600 were determined at the end of the assay (96 h). Using this information, the 96-h LC50, the 96-h EC50 ( @entity600 ), and the no observable effect levels (NOELs) for mortality, @entity600 and length were determined for each solvent. The teratogenic index [TI = 96-h LC50/96-h EC50 ( @entity600 )] also was calculated for each of the solvents. @entity3733 appeared to be the least toxic or teratogenic solvent examined, with a pooled LC50 of 1.92%, a pooled EC50 ( @entity600 ) of 1.57% and TI values of 1.20 and 1.24 in replicate trials. @entity27390 appeared to be the most toxic solvent, with a pooled LC50 of 1.04%. Data trends suggested that @entity1068 was the most teratogenic solvent tested, with a pooled EC50 ( @entity600 ) of 1.04% and TI values of 1.42 and 1.50. The results obtained in the present work for @entity1068 and @entity3733 were compared to previously published FETAX results for these two solvents. The present results are in close agreement with these results from other laboratories, thus providing further evidence supporting the interlaboratory reproducibility of FETAX results.

title: Teratogenic assessment of four solvents using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-- XXXX (FETAX).

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['clawed frog', 'Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity27390 :: ('MESH:C031066', 'Chemical') :: ['formamide', 'Formamide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Malformation', 'malformation']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative detection of @entity3746 is important in thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, routine fiberoptic laryngoscopy may bring @entity1 unnecessary discomfort. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using surgeon-performed ultrasonography (US) as a screening tool for preoperative assessment of vocal @entity717 . METHODS: In the first phase, @entity1 had both laryngoscopic and US examination before surgery. In the second phase, @entity1 had US evaluation first. Those with abnormal vocal @entity717 on US, with invisible @entity717 , or presenting with significant vocal symptoms underwent laryngeal examination. RESULTS: In all, 93 (82 %) of 114 @entity1 had successful US evaluation of vocal @entity717 during the first phase. Two of them had @entity3746 . In the second phase, vocal @entity717 could be evaluated by US in 349 (84 %) of 415 @entity1 . Four @entity1 with @entity910 were confirmed to have @entity3746 by laryngoscopy. None of 46 symptomatic @entity1 with normal movement on US had @entity3746 . One other @entity1 whose @entity717 could not be seen by US had @entity3746 on laryngoscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeon-performed US appears to be a relatively accurate method for assessing vocal @entity717 in the preoperative setting. It can be used to select @entity1 to undergo laryngoscopic examination before thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.

title: Preoperative ultrasonography assessment of vocal XXXX during thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cord movement']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord palsy', 'vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movement']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['cord movement']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential association between the plasma @entity413 levels and the 90-day prognosis in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity1779 (sICH). METHODS: @entity1 with a well-defined diagnosis of sICH admitted within 24  h of onset were included. Random plasma @entity413 at admission and fasting plasma @entity413 on the following day were measured. @entity4854 was defined as a random plasma @entity413  >= 10  mmol/L or a fasting plasma @entity413  >= 7  mmol/L. Neurological severity at admission was assessed using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). Functional outcomes were evaluated using modified Rankin Score (mRS) at three months after onset. Potential correlations between plasma @entity413 levels and neurological severity or functional outcomes values were assessed on Spearman's correlation analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify whether there were independent risk factors for 90-day outcomes after sICH. RESULTS: 228 consecutive adult @entity1 with a mean age of 62.4      12.9  years were prospectively enrolled. No significant association was observed between the random @entity413 levels (r  =  0.108, p  =  0.146) or fasting @entity413 levels (r  =  0.116, p  =  0.098) with functional outcomes at 90  days after discharge. However, @entity4854 was associated with the neurological severity of sICH, both random @entity413 levels    r  =  0.183, p  =  0.009   and fasting @entity413 levels (r  =  0.133, p  =  0.045). On logistic regression analyses, age and NIHSS values at admission were independently associated with poor outcomes. CONCLUSION: @entity4854 was associated with neurological severity of sICH, but not with 90-day outcomes.

title: The association between XXXX and the prognosis of acute spontaneous @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: AIM: To systematically review the evidence for a relationship between sex hormones and structural changes in @entity571 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Electronic searches of MEDLINE were performed in November-December 2010 and in February 2011 for studies of sex hormones and @entity571 that met a predefined set of criteria. Both controlled trials and observational studies were eligible for inclusion. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, we were unable to perform a best evidence synthesis. However we have provided summaries for each section. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in this review, of which 11 were considered high quality. The evidence suggests an association between endogenous @entity2931 and cartilage turnover and radiographic @entity571 , and between @entity251 and cartilage volume. There is also evidence for an association between exogenous @entity2931 and cartilage and bone turnover, although its effects on radiographic and MRI structure as well as joint replacement are unclear. The evidence also supports an association between @entity2931 receptor a and b gene polymorphisms and @entity571 . CONCLUSION: Although the heterogeneity of the studies means that there is insufficient evidence to form strong conclusions, the available evidence supports an effect of endogenous and exogenous @entity2931 as well as @entity2931 receptor polymorphisms on joint health.

title: Sex hormones and structural changes in XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Inflammatory demyelinating @entity16 are characterized by a loss of peripheral nerve myelin. Myelin breakdown is thought to result from an autoimmune reaction towards nerve components. Schwann cells play a crucial role in the synthesis and maintenance of peripheral nerve myelin. An immune attack targeting Schwann cells could therefore affect myelin integrity, leading to disease. We studied the reactivity of sera from @entity1 with @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) and @entity2646 ( @entity2646 ) towards Schwann cells using immunofluorescence microscopy. We found 24% of the @entity5011 (56 out of 233) and 26% of the @entity2646 (12 out of 46) @entity1 to have circulating immunoglobulin G autoantibodies against proliferating, non-myelinating @entity1 Schwann cells. In contrast, healthy donors showed positive staining in only two out of 34 sera. No reaction was found with sera from @entity1 with non-inflammatory @entity16 . Immunofluorescence was localized at the distal tips (leading lamella) of the Schwann cell processes. @entity527 (nerve-growth-cones) of in vitro differentiated non-myelinated hNT2 neurons also stained strongly. @entity5011 and @entity2646 serum immunoreactivity was also observed in teased nerve fibre preparations. These data suggest that, at least part of the immunoreactivity is not directed against myelin, but towards non-myelin proteins and epitopes possibly involved in Schwann cell-axon interaction.

title: Autoimmunoreactivity to Schwann cells in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Distal tips of neurites']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['CIDP', 'chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['inflammatory neuropathies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although an aggressive surgical @entity201 (PHC) has improved survival, a prognosis of advanced PHC remains unsatisfactory. The overexpression of mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) and @entity41445 ( @entity41445 ) has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in some types of @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred sixty-nine @entity1 who underwent histologically curative resection for PHC were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for MET and @entity41445 . The association between a positive expression of MET or @entity41445 and clinicopathologic features as well as the @entity1 ' prognosis were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 27 @entity1 (16  %) who had a positive expression for both MET and @entity41445 . Although clinicopathologic features in the either MET- or @entity41445 -negative group were not significantly different compared to the both MET- and @entity41445 -positive group, the prognosis tended to be worse in the @entity1 with both MET and @entity41445 positivity. When the analysis was limited to @entity1 with advanced-stage disease (stage III and IVa), a multivariate analysis revealed that both MET and @entity41445 positivity and lymph node @entity3 were identified as independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival rate for @entity1 with both MET and @entity41445 positivity was worse than that with either MET or @entity41445 negativity in @entity1 with advanced PHC. The poor prognosis in these @entity1 was not associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic features. The examination of MET and @entity41445 expression in PHC may enable a tailored method for @entity1 classification that could not otherwise be achieved using the conventional pathologic classification system.

title: Prognostic Value of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor Expression in XXXX with @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity41445 :: ('MESH:C538319', 'Disease') :: ["recepteur d'origine nantais", 'RON']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['approach to perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects by comparing three different fixation methods: @entity2701 band, hollow lag screw and anatomical plate. METHODS: From January 2010 to January 2012, 82 @entity1 with olecranon @entity174 who underwent surgical treatments were followed-up. All the @entity1 were divided into three groups: @entity2701 band fixation group (group A), hollow lag screw fixation group (group B), anatomical plate fixation (group C). In group A, there were 35 @entity1 , including 19 males and 16 females, ranging in age from 32 to 49 years old, with an average of (43.6    8.7) years old, and the @entity1 were treated with @entity2701 band fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 5 cases of type I, 3 cases of type II A,19 cases of type II B, and 8 cases of type II C in group A. Among 20 @entity1 in group B, there were 13 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 27 to 50 years old, with an average of (41.5    9.3) years old. The @entity1 in group B were treated with hollow lag screw fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 4 cases of type I, 4 cases of type II A, and 12 cases of type II B in group B. In group C, there were 27 @entity1 totally, including 15 males and 12 females, ranging in age from 30 to 55 years old, with an average of (38.2    6.2) years old. The @entity1 in group C were treated with anatomical plate fixation. According to Colton classification, there were 4 cases of type II B, 13 cases of type II C, and 10 cases of type II D in group C. The @entity174 healing time, complications and functional recovery were retrospectively observed and recorded. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 8 to 24 months, with an average of 15 months. The average healing time of @entity1 in group C was the longest among three groups. The flexion-extension and rotation activities of elbow joint in group B and C were better than that in group C. According to Broberg _ Morrey score system, the therapeutic effects of @entity1 in group A and B were better than that of group C. In group C, 2 @entity1 had incision @entity281 , 6 @entity1 complained of @entity1109 , 1 @entity1 got a delayed @entity174 healing, and 1 @entity1 had the @entity2736 . There were no occurrences of incision @entity281 in group A and B; internal fixation loosening occurred in 3 @entity1 in group A and 2 @entity1 in group B; delayed @entity174 healing occurred in 2 @entity1 in group A and 2 @entity1 in group B; and skin bursa formation occurred in 6 @entity1 in group A and 1 @entity1 in group B. CONCLUSION: All the three ways are effective methods for the treatment of olecranon @entity174 . Fixation methods should be selected depending on the type of @entity174 .

title: [Case-control study on therapeutic effects of different fixation methods for the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body sensation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['olecranon fracture']


abstract: @entity17361 -binding tags (LBTs) are valuable tools for investigation of protein structure, function, and dynamics by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and luminescence studies. We have inserted LBTs into three different loop positions (denoted L, R, and S) of the model protein @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) and varied the length of the spacer between the LBT and the protein (denoted 1   3). Luminescence studies demonstrate that all nine constructs bind Tb3+ tightly in the @entity258 . No significant change in the fusion protein occurs from insertion of the LBT, as shown by two X-ray crystallographic structures of the @entity1356 -S1 and @entity1356 -L3 constructs and for the remaining constructs by comparing the 1H   15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR spectra with that of the wild-type @entity1356 . Additionally, binding of LBT-loop @entity1356 proteins to their native binding partner in vitro remains unaltered. X-ray crystallographic phasing was successful using only the signal from the bound @entity17361 . Large residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) could be determined by NMR spectroscopy for all LBT-loop constructs and revealed that the LBT-2 series were rigidly incorporated into the @entity1356 structure. The paramagnetic NMR spectra of loop-LBT mutant @entity1356 -R2 were assigned and the /\   tensor components were calculated on the basis of RDCs and pseudocontact shifts. A structural model of the @entity1356 -R2 construct was calculated using the paramagnetic restraints. The current data provide support that encodable LBTs serve as versatile biophysical tags when inserted into loop regions of proteins of known structure or predicted via homology modeling.

title: Engineering encodable XXXX -binding tags into loop regions of proteins.

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low nanomolar range']

entities_list: @entity17361 :: ('CHEBI:33319', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanide', 'lanthanide']

answer: @entity17361 :: (CHEBI:33319,Chemical) :: ['lanthanide']


abstract: The relationship between serum levels of lipoprotein(a) @entity3452 ) and the presence of chronic @entity2412 was studied in 194 @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ; 75 males, 119 females; age 66 +/- 11 years; duration of @entity6 , 11 (range 1-35) years). They were taking various treatments (diet alone, oral @entity1720 ). Metabolic status and prevalence of @entity2412 were assessed by detailed history, physical examination, laboratory analysis and ECG. Average metabolic control was moderate (HbA1c 8.2 +/- 1.7%). Median serum @entity3452 level was 183 U l-1 (range 8-2600 U l-1), which was significantly higher than in control subjects of comparable age (median 101; range 8-1747 U l-1; P < 0.05), while HDL- @entity165 levels were lower (1.14 +/- 0.38 vs. 1.35 +/- 0.35 mmol l-1; P = 0.001), and total @entity165 levels were comparable. No significant relationships between @entity6 treatment or metabolic control and @entity3452 levels were observed. In the quartile of @entity1 with the highest @entity3452 levels, total @entity165 and @entity1674 were slightly higher (P < 0.05), whereas HDL- @entity165 was not different. With increasing @entity3452 levels, higher prevalences of @entity989 and of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were observed, but not of the other complications. No relationship was found between the degree of @entity633 and @entity3452 levels. We conclude that in @entity2175 @entity1 , @entity3452 levels are elevated compared with non- @entity6 subjects, and that higher @entity3452 levels are associated with higher prevalences of @entity453 and of @entity989 .

title: Lipoprotein(a) levels in relation to @entity2412 in XXXX with @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'preproliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic agents and/or insulin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case series. BACKGROUND: Plantar flexion/inversion ankle sprains are one of the most frequently occurring @entity2587 . @entity751 , which is difficult to diagnose, may result from a @entity1411 / @entity3681 and could become the source of lateral ankle/midfoot @entity158 . The objective of this case series is to describe the examination, evaluation, and treatment of the @entity751 following a @entity3681 . CASE DESCRIPTION: Seven @entity1 were seen in our clinic 1 to 8 weeks following a @entity3681 with a chief complaint of lateral ankle/midfoot @entity158 . In these 7 @entity1 , the presence of @entity751 was identified independently by 2 examiners. Treatment consisted of a cuboid manipulation. OUTCOMES: All 7 @entity1 returned to sports activities following 1 to 2 treatments consisting of the "cuboid whip" manipulation. No recurrence of symptoms was reported upon immediate return to competition or during the remainder of the season (mean follow-up, 5.7 months; range, 2 to 8 months). DISCUSSION: Based on those 7 @entity1 , our results suggest that @entity1 who are properly diagnosed with @entity751 and receive the cuboid manipulation can @entity3457 without @entity130 .

title: Treatment of XXXX secondary to lateral ankle sprains: a case series.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['lateral ankle sprain', 'inversion ankle injury']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['sports injuries']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['cuboid syndrome', 'Cuboid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['return to competitive activity within 1 or 2 visits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury recurrence']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['cuboid syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether anti- @entity310 (infliximab) treatment affects @entity13788 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) METHODS: @entity13788 was analyzed in fifteen anti-TNF-treated @entity309 @entity1 . @entity7527 expression was used as a @entity13788 marker and was studied before and after three months of infliximab treatment. PBMC were stimulated with anti-CD3 mAb during 18 h and were separated by rosseting into E+ and E-cells. B cells were assessed in E-population by double staining with @entity1075 and @entity7527 . ELISA assays were used to assess both soluble @entity310 and circulant immune complexes (CIC) containing @entity310 . We also used B cells from tonsils to establish the relationship between @entity13788 and @entity310 CIC. RESULTS: The proportion of B cells expressing @entity7527 was higher before infliximab exposure than after treatment (48.3 +/- 16.7 versus 29.5 +/- 12.5, p = 0.007). T-B cell interactions were assessed by means of blocking antibodies to @entity11603 , @entity2936 , @entity7986 , and @entity1454 ; these interactions were not specially affected by infliximab treatment. We could demonstrate CIC containing @entity310 after infliximab treatment, these CIC, similarly to others IgG-containing immune complexes, were capable to downregulate @entity7527 on B cells. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment in @entity309 downregulates @entity7527 expression on T-cell activated B cells. This downregulation is connected with the presence of CIC containing @entity310 . Presumably, the Fc gamma RIIb1 endows IgG-containing immune complexes, as @entity310 -anti- @entity310 , with the capacity to regulate B cells and inflammatory cells.

title: @entity13788 in @entity309 XXXX under infliximab treatment.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the utility of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) in predicting left ventricular (LV) remodeling (LVR) in @entity1 with a recent anterior wall @entity583 and residual regional LV akinesis. BACKGROUND: Although recent studies have shown that MCE predicts recovery of regional and global LV systolic function after @entity583 , the relationship between myocardial perfusion patterns and likelihood of subsequent LVR has not been extensively studied. METHODS: In all, 50 @entity1 (mean age 62 years) underwent contrast-enhanced echocardiography for determination of LV volumes and ejection fraction, and MCE, 2 days after admission, with follow-up contrast-enhanced echocardiography 6 months later. LVR was defined as greater than 15% increase in LV end-diastolic volume index at follow-up. RESULTS: LVR occurred in 19 @entity1 (38%) (group 1), with stable LV volumes in 31 @entity1 (62%) (group 2). Routine clinical and angiographic variables did not differ between groups 1 and 2. Both transmural extent of @entity1188 and number of abnormally perfused myocardial segments (assessed by MCE) predicted LVR. LVR occurred in 55% of @entity1 with transmural perfusion defects, and was less common in those with subendocardial perfusion defects or normal perfusion (31% and 21%, respectively). The mean percent increase in LV size was significantly greater for transmural @entity1188 (15 +/- 7%) versus subendocardial @entity1188 or normal perfusion (-1 +/- 8 and 8 +/- 8, respectively). When more than 5 myocardial segments were abnormally perfused, remodeling always occurred and was extensive. CONCLUSIONS: MCE markers of @entity1188 size are useful in predicting subsequent risk of LVR after @entity583 . Routine performance of MCE studies in select @entity1 early after @entity1188 may be helpful in further refining risk stratification.

title: Myocardial contrast echocardiographic estimates of XXXX size predict likelihood of left ventricular remodeling after acute anterior wall myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate use of bone scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for identification of @entity1 with @entity1643 who would benefit from facet joint injections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board. All @entity1 provided informed consent. Forty-seven @entity1 (23 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) with @entity1643 , who were scheduled for facet joint injections, were prospectively enrolled and randomized into groups A and B (mean ages, 43.3 and 44.2 years, respectively) with a group A-group B ratio of 2:1. Group A @entity1 underwent bone scintigraphy with SPECT prior to injection. Group A @entity1 with bone scans positive for facet joint @entity854 received injections at the levels where @entity854 were identified on the scan (group A1). Group A @entity1 with negative scans (group A2) received injections at the levels that were decided as in group B. Group B @entity1 received injections at the levels indicated by the referring physician and did not undergo bone scintigraphy. All @entity1 completed a @entity158 and function questionnaire before injection and at 1, 3, and 6 months afterward. The change in the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons @entity158 scores after 1, 3, and 6 months compared with baseline scores was analyzed with analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni multiple-comparison tests between groups. Cost analysis was performed. RESULTS: The change in the @entity158 score at 1 month was significantly higher (P < .004) in group A1 than it was in the other two groups. In group A1, 13 of 15 @entity1 had improvement in @entity158 score of greater than 1 standard deviation at 1 month, whereas improvement occurred in only two of 16 @entity1 in group A2 and five of 16 @entity1 in group B. In @entity1 with positive scans, the number of facets treated with injection was decreased from 60, which was the number originally indicated by the referring physician, to 27. The Medicare cost was reduced from  2191 per @entity1 to  1865 with the use of SPECT. CONCLUSION: Bone scintigraphy with SPECT can help identify @entity1 with @entity1643 who would benefit from facet joint injections.

title: XXXX : prediction of short-term outcome of facet joint injection with bone scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Low back pain']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) has been reported to inhibit @entity19 @entity105 , particularly in the promotion stage, but underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Since persistent induction of @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) is frequently implicated in @entity105 , we investigated the effect of cis-9,trans-11-CLA (9Z,11E-CLA) on the @entity5 promoter-induced @entity1996 expression in HR-1 hairless @entity19 skin in vivo. Topical application of 9Z,11E-CLA caused significant inhibition of @entity1996 expression at 6 h induced by 10 nmol @entity864 ( @entity865 ) in HR-1 @entity19 skin. Since @entity1991 is known to regulate @entity1996 gene expression, we determined the effect of 9Z,11E-CLA on @entity865 -induced activation of this transcription factor. Treatment of @entity19 skin with 9Z,11E-CLA reduced @entity865 -induced DNA binding as well as nuclear translocation of @entity1991 by blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of @entity1993 . In addition, 9Z,11E-CLA attenuated @entity865 -induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity1994 . To further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the inactivation of @entity1991 by 9Z,11E-CLA, we investigated its effect on @entity865 -induced activation of IkappaB kinase (IKK), an upstream kinase that regulates @entity1991 via phosphorylation and degradation of @entity1993 . 9Z,11E-CLA treatment down-regulated phosphorylation and catalytic activities of @entity60957 in @entity865 -treated @entity19 skin. Co-treatment of @entity19 skin with the @entity28293 -specific inhibitor @entity53695 (1 micromol) attenuated @entity865 -induced activation of @entity1994 and @entity1991 , and also the expression of @entity1996 in hairless @entity19 skin. Taken together, 9Z,11E-CLA inhibits @entity1991 driven- @entity1996 expression by blocking the IKK and PI3K- @entity1994 signaling in @entity865 -treated hairless @entity19 skin in vivo, which may account for its previously reported anti- @entity5 promoting effects.

title: cis-9,trans-11-conjugated @entity4722 down-regulates phorbol ester-induced @entity1991 activation and subsequent @entity1996 expression in hairless @entity19 skin by targeting IkappaB kinase and PI3K- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'skin carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: During CNS ischaemia, accumulating evidence suggests that raised intracellular @entity8862 levels may play a significant role in inducing neuronal cell death. Several mechanisms mediating @entity8862 -induced cell death have been suggested, however the precise molecular mechanisms remain uncertain. Employing the HT-22 @entity19 hippocampal neuronal cell line, we have evaluated possible mechanisms of cytotoxic extracellular @entity8862 insults. Increased extracellular @entity8862 levels was found to induce concentration-dependent @entity137 . When tested at 200muM, @entity8862 increased intracellular @entity8862 levels (determined via FluoZin-3 fluorescence) and rapidly induced cell death. However, neither L-type ( @entity3931 ) nor T-type (mibefradil) voltage-activated @entity141 channel inhibitors limited @entity8862 -induced @entity137 . Furthermore, and in contrast with @entity866 , @entity8862 cytotoxic insults failed to induce significant @entity185 activation and were insensitive to the poly-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk. Antioxidant co-application ( @entity22143 and @entity12918 ( @entity12918 )) was neuroprotective versus 6h @entity8862 insults. Additionally, despite inducing significant mitochondrial membrane potential loss, @entity8862 failed to induce detectable increased @entity224 production. However, both @entity2388 and @entity5911 were found to afford significant neuroprotection versus @entity8862 cytotoxic insults, without significantly influencing intracellular @entity8862 accumulation. We conclude that cultured HT-22 neurones are vulnerable to @entity8862 cytotoxic insults via a non- @entity185 mediated mechanism, which involves glycolytic inhibition.

title: @entity2388 and XXXX limit zinc-induced oxidative HT-22 neuronal cell injury.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity5911 :: ('MESH:D062907', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaloacetate']

entities_list: @entity12918 :: ('MESH:C004845', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine", 'DPPD']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity5911 :: (MESH:D062907,Chemical) :: ['oxaloacetate']


abstract: Lipid-modified proteins play important roles at the interface between eubacterial cells and their environment. The importance of lipoprotein processing by signal peptidase II (SPase II) is underscored by the fact that this enzyme is essential for viability of the Gram-negative eubacterium @entity526 . In contrast, SPase II is not essential for growth and viability of the Gram-positive eubacterium @entity3881 . This could be due to alternative @entity1472 -terminal lipoprotein processing, which was shown previously to occur in SPase II mutants of @entity3881 . Alternatively, uncleaved lipoprotein precursors might be functional. To explore further the importance of lipoprotein processing in Gram-positive eubacteria, an SPase II mutant strain of @entity7878 was constructed. Although some of the 39 (predicted) lactococcal lipoproteins, such as PrtM and OppA, are essential for growth in milk, the growth of SPase II mutant @entity7878 cells in this medium was not affected. Furthermore, the activity of the strictly PrtM-dependent extracellular protease @entity40413 , which is required for casein degradation, was not impaired in the absence of SPase II. Importantly, no alternative processing of pre-PrtM and pre-OppA was observed in cells lacking SPase II. Taken together, these findings show for the first time that authentic lipoprotein precursors retain biological activity.

title: Active lipoprotein precursors in the Gram-positive eubacterium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis', 'L. lactis']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity161 demonstrate @entity73 , but no studies have examined the underlying cognitive mechanisms (e.g., clustering and switching) associated with impaired fluency among middle-aged and older, non-institutionalized @entity1 . Using Troyer et al.'s [Troyer, A.K., Moscovitch, M., Winocur, G., 1997. Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology 11 (1), 138-146] conceptual model, we examined clustering and switching on verbal fluency tasks among 163 middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 and 92 age comparable healthy comparison (HC) @entity1 . The @entity1 produced significantly fewer total words than HC @entity1 on both the letter ("F", "A", "S") and Animal fluency conditions. With regard to clustering, @entity1 were similar to HC @entity1 on both @entity24344 and Animal fluency tasks. However, significantly fewer switches between lexical-semantic categories were observed among @entity1 with @entity161 on both conditions relative to HC @entity1 . A small, but statistically significant association was found between number of switches on the Animal fluency task and severity of negative symptoms. The absence of a difference in mean cluster size between the @entity1 and HC groups suggests intact lexical-semantic stores among middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 . Differences in switching between @entity1 and HC @entity1 may be driven by several @entity73 associated with @entity161 . Further delineation of the cognitive mechanisms of the observed @entity51 in @entity161 should be a focus of future research.

title: XXXX among middle-aged and older outpatients with @entity161 are characterized by deficient switching.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired verbal fluency', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['lexical-semantic switching deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Verbal fluency impairments']


abstract: The results of a @entity5461 preference survey of 832 currently married @entity1 , aged 15-49 years, in the Kyongbuk Province of Korea were presented and the Korean @entity5461 preference data was then compared to sex preference data available for several other countries. Pregnancy history data obtained from the surveyed @entity1 was examined using logit analytic technics. The analysis generated odds of not moving on from the Kth parity to the K+1th parity when the Kth parity was a @entity1 , when the Kth parity was @entity1 , and when the Kth parity was disregarded. The odds of not moving on to the next higher parity when the sex of the previous parity was ignored were 0.433 to 1 for the 1st to 2nd parity, 0.783 to 1 for the 2nd to the 3rd parity, 1.492 to 1 for the 3rd to the 4th parity, and 2.555 to 1 for the 4th parity. The impact on the odds of not going on to the next parity when the previous birth was a @entity5461 were assessed and found to be statistically significant in reference to the movement from the 2nd to the 3rd parity and from the 3rd to the 4th parity. The odds of not moving on from a 2nd to a 3rd parity were 1.276 to 1 when the previous birth provided a @entity5461 and 3.724 to 1 when the previous birth provided a daughter. The odds of not going on to the 4th parity were 1.405 to 1 if the 3rd birth provided a @entity1 and 1.528 to 1 if both the 2nd and 3rd births were @entity1 . Findings concerning the movement from the 4th parity to higher levels were for the most part unreliable due to the small number of cases in each cell; however, the results did tend to indicate that as family size increased, the impact of @entity5461 preference on fertility was weakened. Data from World Fertility Surveys and from other studies indicated that @entity5461 preference was stronger in Korea than in any other country. When data from 14 countries was analyzed in reference to a @entity5461 preference scale, Korea ranked highest on the scale followed by Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Panama had a preference for a balanced sex ratio, and Peru, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, and Indonesia showed a preference for daughters. When the sex ratios of the last wanted birth were compared for Korea and 17 other countries, Korea had the most extreme sex ratio. The ratio was 151.6 males/100 females. Results of another survey showed that the mean ideal number of @entity1 in Korea was 3.65, the mean ideal number of sons was 2.20, and the ideal family sex ratio was 1.52. These means were similar, but slightly higher, than those observed in India. The study results were presented in tabular form.

title: Fertility impact of sex composition and sequence among Korean XXXX : an exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'girl', 'boy', 'boys']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Out of 265 biopsies of @entity1201 @entity1 received at the Experimental Pathology Laboratory of Schieffelin Leprosy Research and Training Centre from 1987 to 1997 for evaluating resistant strains of @entity4430 , using the @entity19 footpad technique, 49 showed resistant strains of @entity4430 to varying concentrations of @entity3761 , @entity1215 and @entity13637 . 23 (47%) of these were from a control area. With 369 skin-smear positive multibacillary (MB) @entity1 as the risk group (denominator), 23 (6.23%) were resistant to one or more drugs. 18 (4.88%) had @entity3761 resistance, 5 (1.36%) were resistant to @entity1215 and 9 (2.44%) had resistance to low concentrations of @entity13637 (0.0001%). Out of the 23 biopsies with drug resistance from the control area, primary @entity3761 resistance was seen in 7 (30%) biopsies and secondary @entity3761 resistance in 11 (48%). Primary @entity1215 resistance was seen in 4 (17.4%) @entity1 , secondary @entity1215 resistance in 1 (4.35%) and primary @entity13637 resistance in 7 (30%). 3 (13%) of the strains showed secondary @entity13637 resistance. One biopsy had resistant strains to all the three drugs. In a control area where properly supervised effective multidrug therapy (MDT) was regularly administered over the years, the emergence of drug resistance is negligible. It may not be the case if the content, duration and regularity of the drug regimen were not satisfactory. Aware of the possible shortcomings in mass administration of MDT, it is emphasized that @entity19 footpad studies on drug resistance should be made available at least in endemic areas where the incidence of the disease has not changed despite good MDT coverage in order to monitor the emergence of drug resistance. Research into molecular biological identification of drug resistant- @entity4430 should be intensified. These steps would help to institute timely measures to check the spread of any drug-resistant organisms in the community.

title: Drug resistant- @entity4430 --results of XXXX footpad studies from a laboratory in south India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13637 :: ('MESH:D002991', 'Chemical') :: ['clofazimine']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M. leprae', 'M leprae', 'M.leprae']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin ageing is a continuous process, with intrinsic factors determining which extrinsic factors (chronic sun exposure and other environmental factors, particularly smoking) have the greatest effect. AIM: To investigate the effects of lifestyle and environmental factors on skin ageing in a Mediterranean population from Ankara, @entity233 . METHODS: In total, 574 (337 @entity1 , 237 @entity1 ; age range 18-89 years) were enrolled into the study. Data were collected on age, gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), skin phototype, smoking status, consumption of @entity285 (> 3 units/week) and coffee (> 1 cup/day), sun exposure, use of sunscreen and sunglasses, and involvement in sports and physical activities. The Daniell skin-wrinkling grading system was used as a marker of skin ageing. RESULTS: We found that male gender, chronic sun exposure and number of pack-years of cigarette smoking significantly contributed to the formation of facial wrinkles. There was a negative correlation between facial wrinkling and the use of sunscreen and sunglasses and facial wrinkling (P < 0.001 for both). We did not find any significant association between wrinkling score and @entity285 consumption, coffee consumption, sports participation or d skin phototype. Moreover, wrinkling score was significantly higher in @entity1 with a BMI < 25 kg/m(2) than in @entity1 with a BMI > 25 kg/m(2) (P < 0.018). Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, @entity285 consumption, skin phototype, sun exposure, and use of sunglasses and topical sun protection. We found that gender and age were significantly associated with skin ageing (P < 0.014 and < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, older age, male gender, low BMI, smoking and chronic sun exposure had a negative influence on skin ageing in a Turkish population.

title: Factors influencing skin ageing in a Mediterranean population from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity1377 is the most common type of @entity1374 . It has been recently shown that these @entity5 commonly have one of three genetic alterations: @entity817 point mutations, @entity8958 /PTC rearrangements, or RAS point mutations. In this study, we analyze the relationship between these alterations and the microscopic features of @entity1377 , their clinical features, and prognostic characteristics. Ninety-seven @entity1377 were studied; in all cases, frozen tissue was available for nucleic acid extraction. Of 96 unselected cases, 42% were positive for @entity817 , 18% for @entity8958 /PTC, and 15% for RAS mutations. Morphologic features were evaluated in detail in 61 cases and 6 characteristic nuclear features and 3 additional microscopic features were assessed quantitatively. At least 4 nuclear features were found in each @entity5 , with nuclear pseudoinclusions being the least frequent finding in all mutation groups. @entity817 mutations were associated with older @entity1 age, typical papillary appearance or the tall cell variant, a higher rate of extrathyroidal extension, and more advanced @entity5 stage at presentation. @entity8958 /PTC rearrangements presented at younger age and had predominantly typical papillary histology, frequent psammoma bodies, and a high rate of lymph node @entity3 . Tumors with RAS mutations were exclusively the follicular variant of @entity1377 and correlated with significantly less prominent nuclear features and low rate of lymph node @entity3 . These findings demonstrate that @entity817 , @entity8958 /PTC, and RAS mutations are associated with distinct microscopic, clinical, and biologic features of @entity3557 .

title: Correlation between genetic alterations and microscopic features, clinical manifestations, and prognostic characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary carcinoma', 'papillary carcinomas', 'papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['thyroid papillary carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Y1102 polymorphism of the cardiac @entity1372 channel ( @entity1788 ) gene has been found in 13% of black Americans. It has been linked to lethal @entity943 in black families with @entity1165 . The prevalence of the Y1102 polymorphism in a series of @entity944 in blacks is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the incidence of the Y1102 polymorphism in a series of 289 sudden deaths in blacks by sequencing an amplified segment of DNA that contained the polymorphic site extracted from prospectively sampled frozen splenic tissue. The deaths were classified as noncardiac controls (n=107), @entity943 with clear anatomic substrate (n=117), @entity943 with no anatomic substrate except mild to moderate @entity1283 (n=40), and unexplained @entity943 (n=25). Cause of @entity204 was determined after complete forensic autopsy and postmortem cardiac examination. The overall frequency of the Y1102 polymorphism was 9.0%. The frequency was 5.6% in noncardiac deaths, 4.3% in @entity204 with obvious anatomic substrate, 20.0% in @entity943 with moderate @entity1184 , and 28% in unexplained @entity943 . Adjusted for age and sex, the relative risk of an unexplained arrhythmic @entity204 was 8.4 (95% CI 2.1 to 28.6, P=0.001) with the Y1102 allele compared with noncardiac deaths. The relative risk for @entity943 with mild @entity1283 was 4.9 (95% CI 1.3 to 13.4, P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Y1102 allele is a risk factor in blacks for @entity1164 in the absence of obvious morphological findings or mild to moderate @entity1283 .

title: Role of @entity1788 Y1102 polymorphism in XXXX in blacks.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly', 'cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19 tracheal transplantation is a model used to study @entity4154 , a major cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Unlike @entity19 heterotopic tracheal transplants, orthotopic transplantation does not cause luminal obliteration despite major histocompatibility antigen mismatch. Repopulation of the tracheal allografts with recipient-derived epithelium confers protection against luminal obliteration. The purpose of this study was to determine whether (1) orthotopic tracheal transplantation showed signs of allograft rejection, and (2) airway epithelial cell injury promoted orthotopic tracheal allograft rejection. METHODS: Forty isogeneic (C57BL/6 to C57BL/6) and 40 allogeneic (BALB/c to C57BL/6) orthotopic tracheal transplants were performed. Damage to airway epithelial cells was induced by Sendai viral (SdV) infection and tracheal transplantation into non-reepithelializing @entity21423 knockout ( @entity21423 -KO) recipient @entity19 . Percent @entity82 and lamina propria to cartilage ratio were calculated with computer assistance on harvested allografts. RESULTS: Allografts showed significantly more intramural @entity82 compared with isografts at 30, 60, and 180 days after transplant without luminal occlusion. Tracheal allografts infected with SdV showed an increase in @entity82 and lamina propria to cartilage ratio compared with noninfected controls. Allografts retrieved from @entity21423 -KO recipients also showed a significant increase in @entity82 and lamina propria to cartilage ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Although orthotopic tracheal transplantation does not cause luminal obliteration, it results in increased @entity82 in allografts. Damage to the respiratory epithelium by @entity1800 or defective reepithelialization after transplant as seen in @entity21423 -KO recipient @entity19 leads to changes consistent with chronic allograft rejection, suggesting a role for epithelial injury in @entity4154 development.

title: Role of airway epithelial injury in XXXX orthotopic tracheal allograft rejection.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Murine', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5450 ( @entity5450 ) is a rare form of deep infiltrating @entity46 . We studied the operative treatment of @entity5450 and evaluated postoperative recurrences and fertility outcomes. This is a retrospective cohort study of 53 @entity1 who underwent operative treatment for @entity5450 in 2004-2013 at Helsinki University Hospital, and were followed-up until the end of 2014. The data were gathered from the hospital's electronic database. The main outcome measures were complications, reoperations, postoperative pregnancies, and deliveries. Preoperative diagnosis was accurate in 72  % with @entity1494 and in 93  % with @entity1901 . Thirty-one (58  %) of the 53 operations were performed via laparoscopy. @entity260 requiring re-intervention occurred in five cases (9  %). Five reoperations were performed in four cases due to @entity46 recurrence, only two due to recurrence of @entity5450 (4  %). Twenty-eight @entity1 wished for pregnancy; 18 (64  %) of them conceived. @entity249 treatment was needed in 20 (71  %) cases. Twelve (75  %) @entity1 delivered via cesarean section; intraoperative difficulties occurred in ten (83  %). The complication rate with @entity5450 operations is acceptable and recurrences are rare. @entity249 is common, but 57  % of those who wished for a @entity1 succeeded. A majority of the deliveries involved unplanned and complicated cesarean section.

title: Deep infiltrating XXXX affecting the urinary tract-surgical treatment and fertility outcomes in 2004-2013.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Infertility']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract endometriosis', 'UTE']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']