abstract: Oral tolerance is a long recognized method to induce peripheral immune tolerance. The primary mechanisms by which orally administered antigen induces tolerance are via the generation of active suppression or clonal anergy. Low doses of orally administered antigen favor active suppression whereas higher doses favor clonal anergy. The regulatory cells that mediate active suppression act via the secretion of suppressive cytokines such as @entity2533 and @entity3646 after being triggered by the oral @entity34659 . Furthermore, antigen that stimulates the gut-associated lymphoid tissue preferentially generates a Th2 type response. Because the regulatory cells generated following oral tolerization are triggered in an antigen-specific fashion but suppress in an antigen nonspecific fashion, they mediate "bystander suppression" when they encounter the fed autoantigen at the target organ. Thus it may not be necessary to identify the target autoantigen to suppress an organ-specific @entity792 ; it is necessary only to administer orally a protein capable of inducing regulatory cells that secrete suppressive cytokines. Orally administered autoantigens suppress several experimental autoimmune models in a disease- and antigen-specific fashion; the diseases include @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), @entity1596 , and @entity1737 , collagen- and adjuvant-induced @entity625 , and @entity6 in the NOD @entity19 . In addition, orally administered alloantigen suppresses alloreactivity and prolongs graft survival. Initial clinical trials of oral tolerance in @entity15 , @entity309 , and @entity1596 have demonstrated positive clinical effects with no apparent @entity137 and decreases in T cell autoreactivity.

title: Oral tolerance: immunologic mechanisms and treatment of animal and human organ-specific XXXX by oral administration of autoantigens.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity34659 :: ('MESH:C029248', 'Chemical') :: ['tolerogen']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease via oral tolerance']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity161 elicit @entity73 from the early phase of the illness. Mismatch negativity (MMN) has been shown to be associated with cognitive function. We investigated the current source density of duration mismatch negativity (dMMN), by using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA), and neuropsychological performance in subjects with early @entity161 . METHODS: Data were obtained from 20 @entity1 meeting DSM-IV criteria for @entity161 or @entity914 , and 20 healthy control (HC) subjects. An auditory odd-ball paradigm was used to measure dMMN. Neuropsychological performance was evaluated by the brief assessment of cognition in @entity161 Japanese version (BACS-J). RESULTS: @entity1 showed smaller dMMN amplitudes than those in the HC subjects. LORETA current density for dMMN was significantly lower in @entity1 compared to HC subjects, especially in the temporal lobes. dMMN current density in the frontal lobe was positively correlated with working memory performance in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to identify brain regions showing smaller dMMN current density in early @entity161 . Further, poor working memory was associated with decreased dMMN current density in @entity1 . These results are likely to help understand the neural basis for @entity73 of @entity161 .

title: LORETA current source density for duration mismatch negativity and neuropsychological assessment in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizophreniform disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: This article reports our experience with a five-day back school program focusing on active exercises, safe lifting, and occupational therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: The medical charts of 144 back school @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. Age, gender, type of @entity1643 , radiological findings, impact on work and psychological well-being, surgical history, and history of prior back school experience were recorded on the first and last back school session days ( @entity12840 ), after six months (M6), and after 12 months (M12). Efficacy was evaluated based on the number of days off work, Sch  ber's index, a visual analog scale @entity158 score, and scores evaluating the active exercise, safe lifting, and occupational therapy techniques taught during the back school course. RESULTS: All evaluation scores were significantly better on D5 than on D1. This effect was sustained over time. The @entity158 score fell by 50% between @entity12840 (32.6 +/- 23.1 versus 16.3 +/- 18.5) and remained low at M6 and M12 (18.1 +/- 19.5 and 14.8 +/- 19.3) The number of days off work fell dramatically from baseline to M6 (51.2 +/- 63.8 vs 9.8 +/- 38.8) and remained low at M12. Forty-four @entity1 were lost-to-follow-up between D5 and M6. CONCLUSION: Back school interventions are helpful in preventing recurrences of @entity1643 . Our promising data deserve to be confirmed in a larger study involving quality of life assessments, determination of the number of physician visits for @entity1643 during the M0-M6 and M6-M12 periods, and a comprehensive evaluation after 18 months.

title: A back school program at the Toulouse-Purpan teaching hospital. Evaluation of 144 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite their @entity137 , reactive @entity26 species (ROS) play important roles in plant cell signalling pathways, such as mediating responses to stress or @entity281 and in programmed cell death, at lower levels. Although studies have indicated that @entity273 ( @entity274 ) promotes seed germination of several plants such as @entity958 , @entity2247 , @entity3505 , @entity579 and sunflower, the role of @entity274 in @entity1460 seed germination is not well known. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the relationships between ROS, plant hormones and @entity1460 seed germination. METHODS: An examination was made of @entity1460 seed germination, the expression of genes related to @entity1786 biosynthesis, endogenous @entity1786 contents, and the number and area of cells in the root tip, using @entity898 , an antioxidant, to counteract the effect of ROS. KEY RESULTS: @entity274 promoted germination, which @entity898 suppressed, suggesting that ROS are involved in the regulation of @entity1460 germination. @entity274 was produced in the @entity2085 after imbibition. @entity898 suppressed the expression of genes related to @entity1786 biosynthesis and the production of endogenous @entity1786 . Interestingly, ethephon, which is converted to @entity1786 , and @entity274 reversed the suppression of seed germination by @entity898 . Furthermore, morphological analysis revealed that @entity898 suppressed cell elongation at the root tip, and this suppression was also reversed by @entity8230 or @entity274 treatments, as was the case in germination. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1460 seeds, ROS produced in the @entity2085 after imbibition induce the production of endogenous @entity1786 , which promotes cell elongation in the root tip. This appears to be how ROS regulate @entity1460 seed germination.

title: Regulation of @entity1460 seed germination through XXXX production in response to reactive @entity26 species.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic axis']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8230 :: ('MESH:C005073', 'Chemical') :: ['ethephon']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetylcysteine', 'N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity1786 :: (MESH:C036216,Chemical) :: ['ethylene']


abstract: AIM: To Quantitatively analyze the @entity842 (NO) and @entity141 in apoptosis of @entity418 cells induced by @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ). METHODS: The cell line SHEEC1, a malignant esophageal epithelial cell induced by HPV in synergy with @entity865 in our laboratory, was cultured in a serum-free medium and treated with @entity9188 . Before and after administration of @entity9188 , NO production in cultured medium was detected quantitatively using the Griess Colorimetric method. Intracellular @entity141 was labeled by using the fluorescent dye @entity3576 and detected under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), which was able to acquire data in real-time enabling @entity141 dynamics of individual cells in vitro. The apoptotic cells were examined under electron microscopy. RESULTS: Intracellular concentration of @entity141 increased from 1.00 units to 1.09-1.38 units of fluorescent intensity at @entity9188 treatment and NO products subsequently released from @entity9188 -treated cells increased from 0.98-1.00 x10(-2)micromol x L(-1) up to 1.48-1.52 x10(-2)micromol x L(-1) and maintained in a high level continuously. Finally apoptosis of cells occurred,chromatin being agglutinated, cells shrunk,nuclei became round and mitochondria swelled. CONCLUSION: @entity141 and NO increased with cell damage and apoptosis in cells treated by @entity9188 . The @entity141 is an initial messenger to the apoptotic pathway. To investigate @entity141 and NO will be a new direction for studying the apoptotic signaling messenger of the @entity418 cells induced by @entity9188 .

title: @entity842 and calcium ions in apoptotic XXXX cells induced by arsenite.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This Phase I study was designed to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) scanner as a device for radiation therapy of @entity1 @entity1313 (CTRx). This first use in @entity1 of a modified CT for treatment was founded on extensive research experience with @entity235 @entity5 . An additional objective was to increase the therapeutic radiation dose to @entity5 compared to normal tissue by concentration of infused contrast material in @entity5 , an effect available at diagnostic x-ray energies but not at megavoltage energies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A small metastatic @entity1313 in each of eight @entity1 received 3-5-weekly fractions of 5 Gy equivalent per fraction from a CT scanner modified to deliver radiation therapy. In each @entity1 , one additional @entity5 , lying completely outside the volume treated by CTRx, served as a control. The @entity5 receiving CTRx was treated after infusion of iodinated x-ray @entity8 ( @entity8 ) for dose enhancement. Many of these @entity1 also received conventional 40 Gy whole brain radiation, before, during, or after CTRx treatment. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 showed adverse reactions to the @entity8 or @entity39 of the normal brain from the CTRx boost radiation. Monte Carlo calculations of the radiation dose distributions in a model @entity5 showed that the CTRx irradiation of @entity5 carrying 10 mg or more of @entity1496 per gram of @entity5 was as good or better than the dose distribution from conventional 10-MV X-rays. The treated @entity5 in two of the @entity1 vanished after four treatments, whereas a control @entity5 in one @entity1 remained constant and grew 4-fold in another @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The CTRx concept effectively combines a modified CT scanner as a diagnostic device, as a simulator dedicated to radiotherapy, and as a treatment machine. Thus, CTRx could be very useful for radiation oncologists in controlling @entity8 -enhanced and other small @entity1313 .

title: First radiotherapy of @entity1 metastatic XXXX delivered by a computerized tomography scanner (CTRx).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast media', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of short-term @entity5805 therapy in the management of @entity1596 due to @entity2403 . METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 with refractory @entity1596 associated with @entity2403 who had had short-term @entity5805 therapy for about 23 weeks were included in the study. The frequency of attacks (number of attacks per year) and the longest period between the attacks were analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the therapy. The therapy was judged to be effective if the @entity1 had < or =1 attack a year and/or > or =1 year between the attacks. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 51.4 +/- 32.5 months (range: 13-122 months). Following the therapy, the mean frequency of attacks had decreased from 4.9 +/- 2.3 to 0.9 +/- 1.4 (p < 0.0001) and the mean longest period between the attacks was prolonged from 4.4 +/- 2.3 months to 25.7 +/- 23.1 months (p < 0.0001). The ratio of severe attacks had decreased from 74.1 +/- 34% to 51.3 +/- 36.6% (p = 0.0218). The best-corrected visual acuity was increased in 32.9%, decreased in 34.2%, and the same in 32.9% of the eyes. Phytsis bulbi developed in three (3.8%) eyes. New attacks were seen in 56.8% of @entity1 and another immunosuppressive agent(s) was given to 40.9% of the @entity1 1-8 months after treatment. No serious side effects were observed during the @entity5805 therapy. CONCLUSION: Short-term @entity5805 therapy for refractory @entity1596 in @entity2403 is effective in controlling the disease in two-thirds of @entity1 .

title: Short-term @entity5805 for refractory @entity1596 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Analysis of cystic fluid may be useful in distinguishing between benign and @entity5 which has significant impact on their management. The aim of our study was to assess the diagnostic utility of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and @entity984 gene mutation in @entity45 fluid. METHODS: The study included 56 @entity1 with pancreatic cystic fluid collected for analysis. The cysts were classified as benign (simple cysts, @entity9007 , @entity12679 ) - 39 @entity1 or premalignant/malignant ( @entity8940 , IPMN, @entity7157 ) - 17 @entity1 . The @entity1 history, @entity787 fluid concentrations and presence of @entity984 mutation were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity787 were higher in @entity1 with @entity5 (mean levels 238      12.5  ng/ml; range 32.8-4985  ng/ml) compared to benign lesions (mean levels 34.5      3.7  ng/ml; range 3.9-693  ng/ml; p  <  0.001). @entity984 mutation correctly classified 11 of 17 @entity1 with @entity5 . It was also detected in 1 @entity1 with final diagnosis of benign cyst (the sensitivity 64.7% and the specificity 97.4%; p  <  0.01). If @entity787 and molecular analysis were combined in that cysts with either @entity787 level>45  ng/ml or presence of @entity984 mutation, than 16 of 17 premalignant/ @entity5 were correctly identified (94.1%). CONCLUSION: Molecular analysis of @entity45 fluid adds diagnostic value to the preoperative diagnosis and should be considered when cyst cytologic examination is negative for @entity5 .

title: A comparative analysis of XXXX mutation and @entity787 in @entity45 fluid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant cysts', 'premalignant/malignant lesions', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cysts', 'pancreatic cyst']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity12679 :: ('MESH:D018293', 'Disease') :: ['serous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['K-ras']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The provision and maintenance of vascular access remains a major cost to @entity454 programs. In addition, vascular access occlusion, results in significant morbidity in hemodialysis @entity1 . Age, gender, @entity6 , @entity5 , smoking habits, administration of heparin per hemodialysis session, previous dialysis catheter insertion, number of hemodialysis sessions and location of the @entity292 may be associated with survival of the primary @entity2548 . We examined the effects of various factors on @entity292 in 412 @entity740 @entity1 . METHODS: From 1995 to 2004, 412 @entity2548 were created by the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at the Medical Faculty of Atat  rk University for hemodialysis. The mean age of the @entity1 was 45 years (range 6 to 62 years). We evaluated the effects of various factors for patency rates in the @entity1 who had primary @entity2548 . Primary patency was defined as the duration of @entity292 patency without revision. Twenty-eight @entity1 (6.7%) with @entity299 did not require surgical interference. Analyzed data were age, gender, smoking habits, @entity6 , @entity5 , previous dialysis catheter insertion, number of hemodialysis sessions, and @entity292 location. RESULTS: In 298 @entity1 , where lower-arm radiocephalic @entity292 were created, the @entity292 patency was 74.1%, 64.2%, 49.8%, 33.7%, and 4.1% after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively, in the other 114 @entity1 , where @entity292 were created, these rates were 84.0%, 72.2%, 53.3%, 39.8%, and 12.3%, respectively. There was no significantly difference between the @entity292 and the lower-arm @entity292 statistically (p = 0.069). Factors affecting the primary patency of @entity2548 were @entity6 (p = 0.0001), hemodialysis counts > or =3 per week (p < 0.0005), presence of @entity5 (p < 0.0005), previous catheter insertion (p < 0.0007), and administration of heparin per hemodialysis session (p = 0.0008). CONCLUSION: While primary @entity2548 patency was shortened in @entity740 @entity1 with @entity6 , presence of @entity5 , and previous catheter insertion, patency was longer in @entity1 with heparin used for hemodialysis and hemodialysis count per week (> or =3).

title: Primary XXXX in the forearm for hemodialysis: effect of miscellaneous factors in @entity292 patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['upper-arm fistulas', 'fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to define the role of surgery in @entity521 with @entity3944 , which is detectable only by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. METHODS: Fifty samples (peripheral blood 9, bone marrow 41) were harvested sequentially from 27 @entity521 @entity1 , and the micrometastases were examined using the previously described single-step PCR method. The results were reviewed with the clinical courses. RESULTS: Radical surgery was performed in 9 @entity1 with bone marrow @entity3944 . Event-free survival was obtained in 2 @entity1 with stage IV disease (25.0%) for a follow-up period of 2 to 6 years in this group. Both @entity1 received intraoperative radiation and subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) using purged marrow. Radical surgery was performed in 18 @entity1 without @entity3944 , and 6 of 9 advanced @entity1 (66.7%) survived without the disease including 4 @entity1 who received unpurged stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity3944 in bone marrow should be considered predictive as a poor prognostic factor in @entity521 . Intensive local control with surgery and radiation is important for the @entity1 with @entity3944 and should be followed by ABMT using purged marrow. Unpurged marrow may be safely used if the single-step PCR detects no @entity3944 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity3944 .

entities_list: @entity3944 :: ('MESH:D061206', 'Disease') :: ['micrometastasis']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ) is the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan receptor now named NPSR. In the brain @entity4889 regulates several biological functions including @entity148 , arousal, locomotion, food intake, learning and memory, @entity158 and @entity734 . @entity19 lacking the NPSR gene (NPSR(-/-)) represent an useful tool to investigate the neurobiology of the @entity4889 /NPSR system. NPSR(-/-) @entity19 have been generated in a 129S6/SvEv genetic background. In the present study we generated @entity2659 congenic NPSR(+/+) and NPSR(-/-) @entity19 and investigated their phenotype and sensitivity to @entity4889 in various behavioural assays. The phenotype analysis revealed no locomotor differences between NPSR(+/+) and NPSR(-/-) @entity19 . The behaviour of NPSR(+/+) and NPSR(-/-) @entity19 in the righting reflex test was superimposable. No differences were recorded between the two genotypes in the elevated plus maze, open field and stress-induced @entity221 tests, with the exception of rearing behaviour that was reduced in knockout animals. Moreover the behaviour of NPSR(+/+) and NPSR(-/-) @entity19 in the forced swimming, novel object recognition and @entity406 assays was similar. The stimulatory effects of @entity4889 in the locomotor activity test and its anxiolytic-like actions in the elevated plus maze and open field assays were evident in NPSR(+/+) but not NPSR(-/-) animals. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the @entity4889 /NPSR system does not tonically control locomotion, sensitivity to @entity3175 , @entity148 , @entity308 -like behaviours, memory and @entity158 transmission in @entity19 . Furthermore our results clearly show that the product of the NPSR gene represents the mandatory protein for all the @entity4889 biological effects so far described.

title: Behavioural phenotypic characterization of XXXX @entity19 lacking the neuropeptide S receptor.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'Neuropeptide S']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity2659 :: (111334(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD-1']


abstract: @entity1446 oxygenase (HO) catalyses degradation of @entity1446 to @entity8864 , @entity68 and @entity1223 (CO). Two isoforms exist, a constitutive form and an inducible form ( @entity22456 ). Induction of @entity22456 may have protective effects in @entity32 . We studied heterologous (HNTN) and accelerated (ANTN) @entity1310 in Lewis @entity35 . Hemin, an inducer of @entity22456 , (30 mumol/kg) was administered 18 hours before induction of @entity1310 and 72 hours later in ANTN. @entity22456 was not detected immunohistochemically in normal glomeruli but was present in HNTN and ANTN in cells with the morphology of macrophages. @entity22456 induction was confirmed by RT-PCR. In normal @entity35 hemin induced glomerular @entity22456 mRNA at 18 hours. In HNTN hemin markedly reduced @entity644 at 24 hours (10 +/- 4 mg/24 hr; control 54 +/- 16; P < 0.05), neutrophil infiltration at two hours (29.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 22.3 +/- 1.5 neutrophils/glomerulus, P < 0.05), and glomerular macrophage number at two hours (2.1 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.4 cells/glomerulus, P < 0.05). In ANTN @entity644 was reduced at day 1 and day 4 (36 +/- 11 vs. 60 +/- 15 and 36 +/- 7 vs. 86 +/- 9 mg protein/24 hr, respectively, P < 0.001), glomerular thrombi were reduced by hemin at day 1 and 4 (1.5 +/- 2.7 vs. 2.7 +/- 0.2 and 1.3 +/- 0.01 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.02, respectively, P < 0.001) and glomerular macrophage infiltration was reduced on day 4 (11.2 +/- 0.8 cells/glom; control 15.9 +/- 0.8, P < 0.01). Possible mechanisms by which @entity22456 @entity66 include anti-complement or anti-oxidant effects of @entity648 and vasodilator and anti-platelet effects of @entity1223 .

title: XXXX oxygenase is induced in @entity1310 and hemin, a stimulator of @entity1446 oxygenase synthesis, @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotoxic nephritis', 'nephritis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ameliorates disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['biliverdin']

answer: @entity1446 :: (MESH:D006418,Chemical) :: ['Heme']


abstract: AIM: Using a high-resolution 3D endoanal ultrasound, we have observed that some perianal @entity292 show a hypoechogenic @entity292 tract surrounded by a well-defined hyperechogenic area with a thin hypoechogenic edge in @entity1 with @entity30 ['Crohn's Ultrasound Fistula Sign' (CUFS)], unlike conventional @entity292 tracks. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of CUFS in a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity9292 . METHOD: Of 157 @entity1 (median age 45, range 14-86 years, 100 males) with @entity292 were examined with 3D endoanal ultrasound. All 3D volumes were stored and analysed retrospectively by two independent observers blinded to the clinical information of the @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 29 @entity1 with @entity30 of whom 20 (69%) showed CUFS. CUFS was absent in 125 (98%) of 128 @entity1 without @entity30 . The positive and negative predictive value of CUFS for @entity30 was 87% and 93%, respectively. The kappa value of the two independent observers was 0.77, indicating a substantial interobserver agreement. CONCLUSION: This study provides a new 3D endoanal ultrasound criterion, CUFS, of @entity292 in @entity1 with @entity30 . The sign can be used to discriminate a Crohn's from other types of @entity292 , which may be useful in the management of @entity1 with @entity9292 .

title: A unique 3D endoanal ultrasound feature of perianal @entity30 : the 'Crohn ultrasound XXXX sign'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas', 'perianal fistula']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Direct cell-to-cell transfer of ions and small signaling molecules via gap junctions plays a key role in vessel wall homeostasis. Vascular endothelial gap junctional channels are formed by the @entity19279 (Cx) proteins @entity45450 , @entity8439 , and @entity495 . The mechanisms regulating @entity19279 expression and assembly into functional channels have not been fully identified. We investigated the dynamic regulation of endothelial gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) by fluid flow and the participation of each vascular @entity19279 in functional @entity1 endothelial gap junctions in vitro. @entity1 aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) were exposed for 5, 16, and 24 h to physiological flows in a parallel-plate flow chamber. @entity19279 protein expression and localization were evaluated by immunocytochemistry, and functional GJIC was evaluated by dye injection. @entity19279 -mimetic peptide inhibitors were used to assess the specific @entity19279 composition of functional channels. HAEC monolayers in culture exhibited baseline functional communication at a striking low level despite abundant expression of @entity495 and @entity8439 localized at cell-to-cell appositions. Upon exposure to flow, GJIC by dye spread demonstrated a significant time-dependent increase from baseline levels, reaching 7.5-fold in 24 h. Inhibition studies revealed that this response was mediated primarily by @entity8439 , with lesser contributions of the other two vascular connexins assembled into functional homotypic and/or heterotypic channels. This is the first study to demonstrate that flow simultaneously and differentially regulates expression of the @entity45450 , @entity8439 , and @entity495 proteins and their involvement in the augmentation of intercellular communication by dye transfer in @entity1 endothelial cells in vitro.

title: Flow regulates intercellular communication in HAEC by assembling functional XXXX and @entity45450 gap junctional channels.

answer: @entity8439 :: (2702,Gene) :: ['Cx40']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 can present in a variety of ways, and with any of several symptoms. Different referral routes from primary to secondary care cater for these different presentations. The route that has received most investment in the UK National Health Service is the 2-week clinic, but the proportions of @entity1 taking this and other routes to diagnosis are largely unknown. METHODS: We designed an observational audit in Exeter, Oxford and Sheffield, UK. @entity14 diagnosed in 2002 from participating practices were identified and the presence and timing of seven important clinical features noted: @entity294 , @entity1142 , @entity548 , @entity490 , the finding of an abdominal or rectal mass on examination, @entity417 and positive faecal occult blood tests. The referral pathways to secondary care were identified. RESULTS: Of the 151 @entity1 studied, 112 (74%) were referred with at least one clinical feature of @entity14 to a specialist. Only 43 of these (28% of the total) were referred to a 2-week clinic; 39 @entity1 (26% of the total) had an emergency admission, of whom 10 (7%) had their emergency admission after referral to a specialist for investigation but before a diagnosis had been established. The time intervals between the first consultation with a symptom of @entity5 and referral were mostly short. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity14 travel several different pathways to diagnosis. The pathway with the most resources-the 2-week clinic-is used by a minority of @entity1 .

title: Pathways to the diagnosis of XXXX : an observational study in three UK cities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'Colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the acute hemodynamic effects of endogenous @entity859 accumulation in @entity1 with @entity712 . Exogenously administered @entity859 has been shown to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and to increase cardiac index in normal subjects and in @entity1 with @entity120 or end-stage @entity712 . Endogenous @entity859 accumulation can be provoked by @entity4341 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Ultra-low-dose @entity4341 (0.07 mg/kg/min for 4 minutes) was administered in 20 @entity1 with either symptomatic idiopathic (n = 12) or @entity63 (n = 8) @entity384 and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (mean 25%+/-5%). Hemodynamic variables were measured before and within 1 minute from the end of @entity4341 infusion. After @entity4341 administration, a mild but significant increase in heart rate (4.5%; p = 0.03) and @entity551 (6.8%; p < 0.001) without changes in right atrial pressure (p = NS) were detected. @entity4341 increased cardiac output by 26.6% (p < 0.001), cardiac index by 24% (p < 0.001), and @entity64 volume by 19.8% (p < 0.001), with concomitant 24.6% reduction of systemic vascular resistance (p < 0.001). Moreover, @entity4341 reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure by 8.3% (p < 0.01) and pulmonary vascular resistance by 33.3% (p = 0.001), without changes in pulmonary wedge pressure (p = NS). A significant correlation between percent decrease from baseline in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.66; p = 0.002) was found after administration of @entity4341 . CONCLUSIONS: Endogenous @entity859 accumulation induced by ultra-low-dose @entity4341 infusion acutely improves the hemodynamic profile, decreasing pulmonary and, to a lower extent, systemic vascular resistance and increasing cardiac index in @entity1 with severe @entity712 .

title: Acute hemodynamic effects of endogenous XXXX in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular heart failure', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole', 'Dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in mean blood pressure']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: Pityriasis versicolor can be treated by a single or multiple dosage regime of @entity3102 as well as by @entity2380 . The therapeutic efficacy of these two drugs has not been compared. One hundred and eighty @entity1 with moderate to extensive @entity14937 confirmed by KOH and Wood's lamp examination were randomly assigned to one of the four oral antifungal regimes: @entity3102 400 mg single dose (Category I), @entity3102 200 mg daily for 10 days (Category II), @entity2380 400 mg single dose (Category III) or @entity2380 150 mg per week for 4 weeks (Category IV). Follow up was done at 2 and 4 weeks and then at 3, 6 and 12 months after the treatment in each group. KOH and Wood's lamp examinations were repeated each time. After four weeks of treatment, clinical cure was observed in 66.6% (Category I), 73.3% (Category II), 80% (Category III) and 59.9% (Category IV) of @entity1 . Mycological cure after four weeks of treatment was observed in 53.3% (Category I), 73.3% (Category II), 82.2% (Category III) and 64.4% (Category IV) of @entity1 . After twelve months of follow-up, maximum relapses were observed with Category I. No relapse was seen in Category III @entity1 . The time period of relapse varied from three to ten months. In conclusion, single dose 400 mg oral @entity2380 provided the best clinical as well as mycological cure rate with no relapse during twelve months of follow-up.

title: Comparative efficacy of @entity3102 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity14937 : a one year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate targeting of @entity1780 prescribing for primary prevention to those with high @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk. DESIGN: Two cohort studies including the general population and initiators of statins aged 35-74 years. SETTING: UK primary care records in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. @entity1 : 3.8 million general population @entity1 and 300 914 @entity1780 users. INTERVENTION: @entity1780 prescribing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1780 prescribing by @entity65 risk; observed 5-year @entity65 risks; variability between practices. RESULTS: @entity1780 prescribing increased substantially over time to @entity1 with high 10-year @entity65 risk (>=  20%): 7.0% of these received a @entity1780 prior to 2007, and 30.4% in 2007 onwards. Prescribing to @entity1 with low risk (<15%) also increased (from 1.9% to 5.0%). Only about half the @entity1 initiating @entity1780 treatment were high risk according to @entity65 risk score. The 5-year @entity65 risks, as observed during @entity1780 treatment, reduced over calendar time (from 17.0% to 7.1%). There was a large variation between general practices in the percentage of high-risk @entity1 prescribed a @entity1780 in 2007 onwards, ranging from 8.2% to 61.5%. For low-risk @entity1 , these varied from 2.1% to 29.1%. CONCLUSIONS: There appeared to be substantive overuse in low @entity65 risk and underuse in high @entity65 risk (600 000 and 850 000 @entity1 , respectively, in the UK since 2007). There is wide variation between practices in @entity1780 prescribing to @entity1 at high @entity65 risk. There is a clear need for randomised trials for the best strategy to target @entity1780 treatment and manage @entity65 risk for primary prevention.

title: The efficiency of cardiovascular risk assessment: do the right XXXX get @entity1780 treatment?

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Little is known about the mechanisms and the kinetics of the so-called graft-versus- @entity1778 (GVL) response induced by donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in @entity1 with @entity1778 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We sought to elucidate this problem by sequentially studying three @entity1 with relapsed chronic @entity2800 after sex-mismatched BMT from time before donor leukocyte infusion until achievement of complete molecular remission. Lineage-specific chimerism was assessed longitudinally by a combined fluorescent immunophenotyping and sex chromosome-specific in situ hybridization approach. Results were related to quantitative detection of @entity1861 transcripts by competitive differential reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), qualitative @entity1861 RT-PCR, and multiplex PCR-based DNA donor/recipient chimerism. All @entity1 had predominant donor lymphopoiesis at the time of DLI, suggesting a state of tolerance to recipient @entity1778 and/or normal cells. In contrast, granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis were mainly recipient derived in both @entity1 with hematologic relapse and partly recipient derived in the @entity1 with molecular relapse. Eighty percent, 90%, and 8% of @entity2280 (+) cells, respectively, were found to be of recipient origin at relapse, and few donor stem cells predicted for cytopenia post-DLI. Responses were seen after a time lag of 5 to 13 weeks after DLI and resulted in reversal to full donor chimerism within a critical switch period of 4 to 5 weeks. A sudden decrease in recipient cells was paralleled by a sharp decrease in @entity1861 transcript numbers detectable several weeks before achievement of molecular remission and onset of clinical @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). This response pattern was confirmed by retrospective RT-PCR analysis in an additional five @entity1 . Prospective monitoring of stem cell chimerism and response may enable us to individually tailor adoptive immunotherapy in the future.

title: Kinetics of the graft-versus- XXXX response after donor leukocyte infusions for relapsed chronic @entity2800 after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic relapse', 'leukemia', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: From December 1982 to December 1991, cholangiograms were obtained in 227 @entity1 with recurrent @entity255 . @entity854 included @entity384 , calculi, sludge, excessive branching, and arrowhead formation of intrahepatic ducts and @entity253 . In 21 @entity1 , previous evidence of @entity2329 was seen. Repeat cholangiograms were performed in 55 @entity1 in a follow-up period of 18.0 +/- 1 months. Of these @entity1 , 12 treated conservatively continued to get recurrent @entity255 and revealed @entity854 on repeat cholangiograms. Another 25 @entity1 had successful endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction of @entity5990 . These @entity1 remained free of symptoms on follow-up, with significant @entity854 on repeat cholangiograms. The remaining 18 @entity1 with failed surgical or endoscopic interventions continued to get recurrent episodes of @entity255 and @entity854 on repeat cholangiograms. This retrospective study indicates that the natural course of recurrent @entity255 is a progressive, destructive cholangiopathy. @entity9124 invasion of the biliary tree is an initiating event in a sub-group of @entity1 .

title: Serial cholangiographic appearances in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['biliary dilation']

entities_list: @entity2329 :: ('MESH:D001196', 'Disease') :: ['biliary ascariasis']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['biliary calculi']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['worsening of abnormalities', 'Cholangiographic abnormalities', 'resolution of abnormalities', 'worsening abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['pyogenic cholangitis']


abstract: Scans of slash pine wood chips infested with pine wood @entity2199 showed coiled aggregates of 5-10 @entity2199 in the axial resin canals, and 1-2 @entity2199 folded in the radial resin canals. Observations of the @entity8027 by SEM showed the head to be offset with six labial lobes. A smaller circle of six inner lobes surrounded the stoma. A single labial sensillum was observed on each of the two subventral and two subdorsal lobes. The two opposite lobes, without sensilla, bore a pore-like amphid. The female vulva flap was observed to be a pouch. In addition to two pairs of @entity1829 previously described for the male, three additional papillae were observed: an additional post-anal pair, and a single papilla anterior to the cloaca. Spicules were fused ventrally. Distal spicule ends terminated in two fused half discs. Caudal alae were angular at the tail terminus, but culed inward at the corners to appear oval. Lateral fields had four lateral striations.

title: Observations on the Morphology of the XXXX , @entity8027 .

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['copulatory papillae']

entities_list: @entity8027 :: ('6326', 'Species') :: ['pine wood nematode']

answer: @entity8027 :: (6326,Species) :: ['Pine Wood Nematode']


abstract: AIM: We investigated the prognostic significance of @entity3821 of the prostate ( @entity2729 ) in biopsies and transurethral resections prior to external beam radiotherapy with or without @entity342 deprivation. METHODS: Cohort 1 consisted of 118 intermediate risk @entity263 @entity1 treated by radiotherapy, with biochemical relapse as primary end-point (median follow-up 6.5 years). Cohort 2 consisted of 132 high risk @entity1 , enrolled in a phase III randomised trial (EORTC 22863) comparing radiotherapy alone to radiotherapy with long-term @entity342 deprivation (LTAD) with clinical progression free survival as primary end-point (median follow-up 9.1 years). Presence of @entity2729 was identified after central review. Multivariable regression modelling and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed with @entity2729 as dichotomous variable. RESULTS: @entity2729 was a strong prognosticator for early (<36 months) biochemical relapse (HR 7.3; p = 0.007) in cohort 1 and for clinical disease-free survival in both arms of cohort 2 (radiotherapy arm: HR 3.5; p < 0.0001; radiotherapy plus LTAD arm: HR 2.8, p = 0.018). @entity2729 retained significance after stratification for reviewed Gleason score in the radiotherapy arm (HR 2.3; p = 0.03). @entity2729 was a strong prognosticator for metastatic failure rate (radiotherapy arm: HR 5.3; p < 0.0001; radiotherapy plus LTAD arm: HR 3.6; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2729 in diagnostic samples of @entity1 with intermediate or high risk @entity263 is an independent prognosticator of early biochemical relapse and metastatic failure rate after radiotherapy. We suggest that the presence of @entity2729 in prostate biopsies should routinely be reported.

title: Biopsy diagnosis of XXXX is prognostic in intermediate and high risk @entity263 @entity1 treated by radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['intraductal carcinoma']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to present the results of the surgical treatment of @entity1 over and under 40, diagnosed with anterolateral @entity5772 . The tongue is the most frequent site of @entity5 , @entity957 in particular, of the oral cavity. Recently, cases with such localization have become more frequent in Bulgaria due probably to the increased consumption of low-quality alcoholic beverages, smoking or other risk factors. METHODS: The study included @entity1 with diagnosed @entity957 in the tongue anterolateral region. In all @entity1 with @entity5772 the treatment included mandibulotomy with or without partial resection of the lower jaw, total or two-third glossectomy with partial resection of the oral cavity floor and cervical dissections. A total of twelve @entity1 (three younger than 40) with anterolateral @entity5772 were treated between 2002 and 2004. RESULTS: There was one lethal outcome (8.3%) for the period observed. @entity957 was verified in 11 (91.7%) and @entity980 in 1 (8.3%) of the operated @entity1 . One @entity1 (8.3%) complained of persistent @entity1282 for 7 months. In the @entity1 with rhabdomyosacroma total laryngectomy was required 6 months after the operation because of secondary involvement of the larynx. In three @entity1 (25%) moniliasis occurred after the course of radiotherapy, which necessitated antimycotic therapy. In one @entity1 (8.3%) the @entity5 recurred and in another one (8.3%) @entity3 developed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the treatment, including surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, depend on the stage of the disease and extent of surgery. There is no evidence of poorer outcome of the disease in younger @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous-cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral tongue carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity5772 :: (MESH:D014062,Disease) :: ['anterolateral tongue carcinoma']


abstract: @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) regulates keratinocyte growth and differentiation as well as @entity32 in skin, processes which are abnormal in @entity272 such as @entity1569 . @entity864 ( @entity865 ) binds to and activates @entity7131 . We investigated the effects of @entity49049 , a novel @entity866 derivative, which interacts with the catalytic domain of @entity7131 , on @entity865 -induced @entity32 and @entity1373 in hairless @entity19 skin and @entity865 -induced differentiation in cultured @entity1 keratinocytes. Dorsal @entity19 skin was treated with vehicle, @entity865 (2.0/ 2.5 nmol) or @entity49049 followed by @entity865 . Epidermal thickness, and epidermal, upper dermal and deep dermal @entity32 (assessed on an ordinal semiquantitative scale) were determined in biopsies taken 24 h and 48 h post-treatment. @entity49049 (100 nmol) inhibited @entity865 -induced epidermal, upper dermal and deep dermal @entity32 by 71%, 45% and 22%, respectively, at 24 h (n = 3, P < 0.05). @entity865 -induced @entity1373 was inhibited by @entity49049 (400 nmol) by 38% at 48 h (n = 3, P < 0.05). In addition, in cultured @entity1 keratinocytes, @entity49049 inhibited @entity865 induction of transglutaminase. I protein, which catalyzes the formation of crosslinked envelopes. These results indicate that @entity49049 exhibits biological activity, inhibiting @entity865 -induced changes in hairless @entity19 skin in vivo and cultured @entity1 keratinocytes in vitro, and suggest that @entity7131 inhibitors may have a therapeutic role in inflammatory @entity272 .

title: @entity49049 , a novel @entity866 derivative, inhibits @entity864 -induced @entity32 and XXXX in hairless @entity19 skin.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']


abstract: The investigation of chromosomal aberrations in @entity5 has been limited by the difficulties of applying classical cytogenetics to @entity5 with low levels of proliferation. We have therefore applied the technique of interphase cytogenetics to paraffin-embedded archival specimens of 14 @entity822 and 13 @entity189 . Hybridizations were performed using centromere-specific probes to chromosomes 3, 4, 9, 17, 18 and X, which have been shown to be altered in other types of @entity5 . Chromosomal imbalance was defined on the basis of changes in both chromosome index (CI) and signal distribution (SD). Where only one of these was altered, this was classified as a tendency to gain or loss. On the basis of the analysis of optimal hybridizations, @entity189 showed gains in all chromosomes studied, five of nine showing gains in multiple chromosomes. Gains were most common in chromosomes 3, 9 and, in particular X, eight of 11 showing gain, and one a tendency to gain. @entity1017 was seen less commonly in @entity652 , but again chromosomes 3, 9 and X were involved. Losses were infrequent, only one @entity189 showing @entity393 , and @entity652 showing a tendency to loss of chromosomes 4 (two cases), 17 (one case) and 18 (two cases). Our data suggest that changes in chromosomes 3, 9 and X are early events in adrenocortical tumorigenesis, and that there is increasing chromosomal instability with @entity5 progression.

title: Increasing genome instability in adrenocortical carcinoma progression with involvement of chromosomes 3, 9 and X at the XXXX stage.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 18']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rupture of @entity438 results in @entity510 . In many cases, @entity548 from @entity439 . Although @entity548 from @entity438 has been reported to arrest from outside, @entity548 from some @entity439 can arrest in different ways. METHODS: Between April 2002 and March 2004, we prospectively investigated mechanisms of spontaneous hemostasis in @entity1756 by macroscopic examination when performing craniotomy and clipping surgeries. RESULTS: Hemostatic mechanisms were investigated in 247 @entity1 with @entity1756 (77 @entity1 , 170 @entity1 ; age range, 25-95 years). Hemostatic mechanisms were divided into 3 different patterns. In the most common pattern (79.4%), the surface of the @entity1756 point was sealed from the outside by a platelet plug or fibrin net (outside-arrest pattern). In some @entity439 (10.1%), a @entity715 or platelet plug was attached to the @entity397 point from inside the @entity439 (inside-arrest pattern). In a very small number of @entity439 (1.6%), a naked @entity715 covered the hole made on the arterial wall or small remnant of the aneurysmal dome (bursting pattern) The mechanism remained unclear in the remaining 8.9% of @entity439 . Multivariate analysis revealed that alert consciousness on admission (WFNS grade I) significantly associated with usual hemostasis (outside arrest pattern: OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.4-10.0; P = .008). Borderline association with usual hemostasis was found in @entity439 with a size of 5 or smaller than 5 mm (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 0.99-7.1; P = .052). CONCLUSIONS: The present preliminary study revealed that arrest of @entity548 from a @entity1756 does not always occur from outside the @entity439 . Unusual mechanisms of hemostasis are seen in approximately 12% of @entity1756 . The outside-arrest-pattern @entity439 was more common for smaller @entity439 , and these @entity1 tended to be of better grade. Further studies are necessary to explore the mechanism of hemostasis for @entity1756 .

title: How does spontaneous hemostasis occur in XXXX ? Preliminary investigation on 247 clipping surgeries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms spontaneously arrests', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysms', 'ruptured cerebral aneurysm', 'aneurysm rupture', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysms']


abstract: @entity4125 have been described previously in 10 @entity1 with @entity13739 . We identified three additional @entity1 in whom @entity4125 developed as a manifestation of @entity13739 . Nine (69%) of the 13 @entity1 were @entity1 , and the median age of @entity1 was 61 years (range, 32-75 years). Six @entity1 were from the southeastern United States. Six @entity1 had underlying @entity5 and four @entity1 had @entity1030 . All @entity1 had received prior corticosteroids. The parasite was identified in 11 (92%) of 12 @entity1 where stool or sputum examination was performed. Skin biopsies of @entity4125 were obtained in 12 @entity1 , in 10 (83%) of which larvae were found. Despite recommended treatment with @entity18884 in 12 of 13 @entity1 , 11 (85%) of the @entity1 died, and at least 6 died within 16 days of onset of @entity4125 . Physicians, particularly those in the southeastern United States, should strongly consider the diagnosis of @entity13739 in @entity1 receiving corticosteroids and in whom @entity4125 and systemic @entity137 develops.

title: Case report: XXXX in @entity13739 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpura', 'purpuric lesions', 'Purpuric lesions']

entities_list: @entity13739 :: ('MESH:D013322', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated strongyloidiasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity4125 :: (MESH:D011693,Disease) :: ['purpura']


abstract: Lipid peroxidation was initiated and then facilitated in the cultured aorta and a defined segment of @entity95 carotid artery with @entity1432 -oxidizing agent, @entity13131 . The effects of lipid peroxidation on endothelial cells consisted of damage to the biomembranes and subcellular organelles and inhibition of PGI2 synthesis. @entity13131 (5 x 10(-3) mol/L) was introduced into a defined segment of carotid artery and perfusion was taken on at various intervals, i.e. for 2 hs, 12 hs, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. Examinations showed injury of the endothelial cells, but neither cell denudation and exposure of the subendothelium was obtained. One day after the injury, a large number of monocytes were seen attaching to the intact endothelium with cell immigration toward the intima. Two weeks later, intimal thickening was obtained. In @entity95 fed with @entity165 diet beforehand for 8-10 weeks, this was combined with endothelial cell injuries. There was also @entity731 in intima involving proliferation of the smooth muscle cells in the carotid arteries. These results suggested that @entity130 induced by lipid @entity2625 might play an important role in atherogenesis.

title: [Peroxidation injury of endothelial cells and XXXX development].

entities_list: @entity13131 :: ('MESH:D003958', 'Chemical') :: ['diamide', 'Diamide']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rotational IMRT is a new technique, whose value still has to be assessed. We evaluated its adequacy for the treatment of @entity135 compared to the well-established step-and-shoot IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 , who were treated with either IMRT (13 @entity1 ) or VMAT (2 @entity1 ) in the H_N region, were chosen. For each @entity1 , a treatment plan with the respective other technique was calculated. To compare the resulting dose distributions, the dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were evaluated. To quantify the differences, a new quality index (QI) was introduced, as a measure of the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) coverage and homogeneity. A @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was defined to estimate normal tissue sparing. RESULTS: The QI for VMAT amounts to 36.3, whereas for IMRT the mean value is 66.5, indicating better @entity343 coverage as well as less overdosage for the rotational technique. While the sparing of organs at risk (OAR) was similar for both techniques, the @entity177 shows a significantly better sparing of healthy tissue for all doses with VMAT treatment. CONCLUSIONS: VMAT results in dose distributions for H_N @entity1 that are at least comparable with treatments performed with step-and-shoot IMRT. Two new tools to quantify the quality of dose distributions are presented and have proven to be useful.

title: VMAT and step-and-shoot IMRT in XXXX : a comparative plan analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck (H_N) cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conformity function']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of acute @entity3617 , @entity2490 , and @entity1244 among @entity1 and adolescents and identify associated factors. METHODS: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study. A household survey was conducted with 1,185 @entity1 and adolescents from the city of S  o Paulo (Southeastern Brazil), from 2008 to 2009. The @entity1 were selected by means of probability sampling, stratified by sex and age, and by two-stage cluster sampling. For the adjusted analysis, multiple Poisson regression was used. RESULTS: Of the respondents, 7.3% reported acute @entity3617 , 22.6% @entity2490 and 15.3% @entity1244 . After the adjusted analysis, the following characteristics were associated with self;reported acute @entity3617 : age 0 to 4 years (PR=17.86; 95%CI: 3.65;90.91), 5 to 9 years (PR=37.04; 95%CI: 8.13;166.67), 10 to 14 years (PR=20,83; 95%CI: 4.93;90.91), @entity566 (PR=3.12; 95%CI: 1.70;5.73), black and mixed-ethnicity (black and white) skin color (PR=2.29; 95%CI: 1.21;4.35), and living in a household with 1 to 3 rooms (PR=1.85; 95%CI: 1.17;2.94). As to self-reported @entity2490 , the following characteristics were associated: age 10 to 14 years (PR=2.77; 95%CI: 1.60;4.78), 15 to 19 years (PR=2.58; 95%CI: 1.52;4.39), @entity566 (PR=4.32; 95%CI: 2.79;6.70), @entity565 (PR=2.30; 95%CI: 1.30;4.10) and living in flats (PR=1.70; 95%CI: 1.06;2.73). Concerning self-reported @entity1244 , the following characteristics were associated: age 5 to 9 years (PR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.09;5.43), 10 to 14 years (PR=2.99; 95%CI: 1.36;6.58), 15 to 19 years (PR=3.62; 95%CI: 1.68;7.81), @entity566 (PR=2.23 (95%CI: 1.41;3.52) and @entity28 (PR=4.42; 95%CI: 1.56;12.50). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1576 were more prevalent in population groups with defined characteristics, such as age group, self-reported diseases, type of household and @entity28 .

title: XXXX and associated factors: population-based study in S  o Paulo, 2008-2009.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory diseases']


abstract: The @entity6023 are emerging as the most powerful compounds in @entity0 . Both compounds, @entity1311 and @entity1205 , have been evaluated in the metastatic setting before proceeding with adjuvant trials. @entity1205 was shown in phase III trials to be superior, in particular, in terms of time to progression and survival, to salvage polychemotherapies after failure of prior chemotherapy including @entity8253 . Also, after failure of alkylating agents, a benefit in favor of @entity1205 was reported when compared to @entity632 , whereas @entity1311 was reported to be either as efficacious or inferior to @entity632 , while being comparable to @entity786 / @entity1499 / @entity1487 . The role of @entity6023 in combination with @entity8253 in first-line therapy of advanced @entity0 is still unclear although emerging. One phase III trial showed the significant superiority of @entity632 / @entity1205 (AT) versus @entity632 / @entity786 (AC) in terms of response and time to progression. Several phase II studies with @entity1311 (over 3 hours) and @entity8253 in the metastatic setting showed high efficacy, but they also showed @entity1370 related to a pharmacokinetic interaction between the 2 agents. This fact led to the implementation of metastatic strategies (several phase III trials) aimed at avoiding the pharmacokinetic interaction or specifically limiting the @entity1370 that resulted in contradictory results. Consequently, adjuvant strategies with @entity1311 focused mostly on the sequential approach (AC followed by @entity1311 ). In contrast, adjuvant strategies with @entity1205 / @entity4349 -based programs were implemented following both sequential and combination approaches. Results of all of these trials in the adjuvant setting are eagerly awaited in order to establish the role of @entity6023 in adjuvant @entity0 .

title: The choice of adjuvant combination therapies with XXXX : rationale and issues addressed in ongoing studies.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity6023 :: (MESH:D043823,Chemical) :: ['taxanes']


abstract: Two @entity4357 (PI) kinases from @entity291 brain were separated by rate zonal @entity969 gradient centrifugation of detergent-solubilized membranes. Of the total PI kinase activity, 43% migrates on @entity969 gradients with a size of approximately 55 kilodaltons (kDa); this kinase has properties similar to one of two PI kinase activities characterized in fibroblasts [Whitman, M., Kaplan, D. R., Roberts, T., _ Cantley, L. (1987) Biochem. J. (in press)] and has been termed type 2. The remainder of the activity migrates in a second peak with a size of approximately 230 kDa. This enzyme possesses properties which are unlike both fibroblast PI kinase activities and has been termed type 3. The type 2 and type 3 enzymes have very different affinities for @entity3211 and are readily distinguishable by their sensitivities to inhibition by @entity859 . The KMs of types 2 and 3 kinases for @entity855 are 54 and 742 microM, and the Kis for @entity859 are 18 and 1520 microM, respectively. The two enzymes also differ in their affinities for PI, @entity1076 , and @entity1025 as well as in stimulation and inhibition by other phospholipids. When PI kinase from erythrocyte ghosts is fractionated by @entity969 gradient centrifugation, only one peak of activity is observed which is indistinguishable from brain type 2 PI kinase.

title: XXXX brain contains two types of @entity4357 kinase.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: AIMS: This study explores the knowledge, attitudes and practices among Somali and Sudanese immigrants in Denmark with regard to @entity645 / @entity791 and condom use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 78-item questionnaire, divided into five thematic sections, was given to 192 purposively selected Sudanese and Somalis of both sexes, aged 18-49, who had lived in Denmark for one or more years. It was administered in Arabic and Somali in four locations and supplemented by 13 semi-structured interviews. RESULTS: Education, sex, and nationality, but not length of residence in Denmark, were positively associated with knowledge about @entity645 / @entity791 . Less than half of both @entity1 and @entity1 scored more than 70% on the knowledge portion of the questionnaire, while Sudanese knew more than Somalis. @entity1 had a more negative attitude towards condoms than @entity1 , but greater knowledge about them. One-third of the @entity1 reported @entity4498 having seen or heard of a condom, and almost half had @entity4498 received information about condoms. Both sexes preferred receiving such information from the TV or friends instead of family doctors or @entity645 -positive individuals. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that knowledge about @entity645 / @entity791 is low in these two Danish immigrant groups, both of which are characterized by reported incidence rates that are higher than the national average. The groups receive little information, while condom knowledge is particularly low among poorly educated @entity1 , and @entity1 have a negative attitude to condom use. The findings indicate a need for targeted, culturally sensitive @entity645 / @entity791 information and advice.

title: XXXX / @entity791 knowledge and condom use among Somali and Sudanese immigrants in Denmark.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Malignancy frequently is accompanied by @entity3459 and fibrinolysis indicating a @entity49 state. The purpose of our study was to estimate the contribution of local @entity5 -induced mechanisms to the activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis. In a prospective study, we compared the plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and D-dimers in blood samples that simultaneously were drawn from the superior vena cava and the pulmonary vein of a @entity2 . Samples from the superior vena cava were drawn before operation and served as controls. After thoracotomy, a second group of samples was simultaneously taken from the pulmonary veins of the @entity5 -bearing lobe and the superior vena cava. Forty-five @entity1 with @entity358 were included (25 @entity420 and 20 @entity957 ). There were no significant differences of thrombin-antithrombin complexes, prothrombin fragment 1+2, and D-dimers levels in @entity1 suffering from @entity420 and from @entity957 . Intraoperatively, prothrombin fragment 1+2 and D-dimers levels were markedly increased when compared with the preoperative values (p<0.0001). There was no increase of thrombin-antithrombin complexes levels due to the operative traumatization. @entity18623 fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complexes, and D-dimers plasma levels were significantly higher in the pulmonary venous blood than in the blood simultaneously drawn from the superior vena cava (p<0.0001). Our findings indicate that @entity2 directly contribute to the activation of hemostasis and fibrinolysis in these clinical settings.

title: Markers of activated hemostasis and fibrinolysis in @entity1 with XXXX : comparison of plasma levels in central venous and pulmonary venous blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18623 :: ('MESH:D011516', 'Chemical') :: ['Prothrombin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lung tumors', 'tumor-bearing pulmonary lobe']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulable']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['activated coagulation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary malignancies']


abstract: @entity2150 is usually treated with immunosuppression or allogeneic transplant, depending on @entity1 and disease characteristics. Syngeneic transplant offers a rare treatment opportunity with minimal transplant-related mortality, and offers an insight into disease mechanisms. We present here a retrospective analysis of all syngeneic transplants for @entity2150 reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Between 1976 and 2009, 88 @entity1 received 113 transplants. Most transplants (n=85) were preceded by a conditioning regimen, 22 of these including anti-thymocyte globulin. About half of transplants with data available (39 of 86) were followed by posttransplant immunosuppression. Graft source was bone marrow in the majority of cases (n=77). Transplant practice changed over time with more transplants with conditioning and anti-thymocyte globulin as well as peripheral blood stem cells performed in later years. Ten year overall survival was 93% with 5 transplant-related @entity204 . Graft failure occurred in 32% of transplants. Risk of graft failure was significantly increased in transplants without conditioning, and with bone marrow as graft source. Lack of posttransplant immunosuppression also showed a trend towards increased risk of graft failure, while anti-thymocyte globulin did not have an influence. In summary, syngeneic transplant is associated with a significant risk of graft failure when no conditioning is given, but has an excellent long-term outcome. Furthermore, our comparatively large series enables us to recommend the use of pre-transplant conditioning rather than not and possibly to prefer peripheral blood as a stem cell source.

title: Syngeneic transplantation in @entity2150 : pre-transplant conditioning and peripheral blood are associated with improved engraftment: an observational study on behalf of the Severe XXXX and Pediatric Diseases Working Parties of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['Aplastic anemia', 'aplastic anemia']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['Aplastic Anemia']


abstract: @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) expression and @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) expression have been demonstrated in various @entity5 . @entity1307 - @entity5859 signaling can activate several downstream signal transduction pathways that enhance @entity5 aggressiveness. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of overexpression of @entity5859 and elevated serum @entity1307 (sEPO) levels on the clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity5859 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 56 @entity1 . @entity5 with a staining intensity greater than that of surrounding proximal tubules were defined as @entity5 with high @entity5859 expression. The association between @entity5859 expression levels and various clinicopathological factors was analyzed. sEPO levels were determined in 138 @entity1 and its correlation to clinicopathological factors was also analyzed, and @entity5859 expression was determined in surgical specimens removed from 47 of those 138 @entity1 . @entity1 with high @entity5859 expression and @entity1 with sEPO elevation had clinicopathological features less favorable than those of other @entity1 . @entity5 demonstrating high @entity5859 expression had a significantly higher number of Ki-67-positive cells compared to those with low @entity5859 expression. @entity5 assemblies in microvessels demonstrated high @entity5859 expression. @entity1 whose @entity5 demonstrated high @entity5859 expression and those with sEPO elevation had a significantly lower survival rate compared to other @entity1 , and @entity1 with both high @entity5859 expression and sEPO elevation had an extremely poor prognosis. Microvascular invasion was an independent factor associated with sEPO elevation, suggesting that @entity1307 - @entity5859 signaling might be important in @entity1358 @entity3 . @entity1307 - @entity5859 signaling may be involved in @entity5 growth and progression in @entity1358 and the combination of @entity5859 expression and sEPO levels may effectively predict clinical outcome.

title: Impact of increased @entity1307 receptor expression and elevated serum @entity1307 levels on clinicopathological features and prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['EPO', 'Erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate Fas, @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity588 expression, which are considered to be important apoptotic regulatory factors in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: mRNA quantification and immunohistochemistry allowed for the determination of the expression of these three factors in surgically resected @entity5 from 82 @entity1 with @entity1358 . The correlation of protein and gene expression with more than 10 years of survival data following nephrectomy (along with clinical and pathologic parameters) was analyzed using uni- and multivariate statistical models. RESULTS: A significantly poorer outcome was observed in @entity1 with @entity5 expressing high levels of Fas mRNA in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0002). In addition, @entity1 survival was significantly worse in @entity12 mRNA-positive @entity5 cases when compared with @entity12 mRNA-negative cases (p = 0.0345). Ten cases relapsed more than 5 years after nephrectomy. Among them, the @entity5 of 8 cases (80%) did not express @entity12 mRNA. Analysis of @entity588 did not show statistical significance of @entity588 expression as a prognostic indicator. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that pronounced Fas expression is a surrogate biomarker of active @entity5 cell proliferation. Given the @entity12 @entity5 counterattack theory, @entity12 overexpression in @entity1358 may be one of the host immune deficiencies, consequently leading to poor prognosis.

title: Fas expression in @entity1358 accurately predicts XXXX survival after radical nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'RCCs', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The mushroom body of the insect brain represents a neuronal circuit involved in the control of adaptive behavior, e.g., associative learning. Its function relies on the modulation of Kenyon cell activity or synaptic transmitter release by biogenic @entity4478 , e.g., @entity11879 , @entity935 , or @entity750 . Therefore, for a comprehensive understanding of the mushroom body, it is of interest not only to determine which modulatory neurons interact with Kenyon cells but also to pinpoint where exactly in the mushroom body they do so. To accomplish the latter, we made use of the GRASP technique and created transgenic @entity238 that carry one part of a membrane-bound splitGFP in Kenyon cells, along with a cytosolic red fluorescent marker. The second part of the splitGFP is expressed in distinct neuronal populations using cell-specific Gal4 drivers. GFP is reconstituted only if these neurons interact with Kenyon cells in close proximity, which, in combination with two-photon microscopy, provides a very high spatial resolution. We characterize spatially and microstructurally distinct contact regions between Kenyon cells and dopaminergic, serotonergic, and octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons in all subdivisions of the mushroom body. Subpopulations of dopaminergic neurons contact complementary lobe regions densely. Octopaminergic/tyraminergic neurons contact Kenyon cells sparsely and are restricted mainly to the calyx, the a'-lobes, and the y-lobes. Contacts of Kenyon cells with serotonergic neurons are heterogeneously distributed over the entire mushroom body. In summary, the technique enables us to localize precisely a segmentation of the mushroom body by differential contacts with aminergic neurons.

title: Localization of the contacts between Kenyon cells and aminergic neurons in the XXXX brain using SplitGFP reconstitution.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity11879 :: ('MESH:D009655', 'Chemical') :: ['octopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: Oil thermoxidation during deep frying generates harmful oxidative free radicals that induce @entity32 and increase the risk of @entity101 . This study aimed to investigate the effect of repeatedly heated palm oil on blood pressure, aortic morphometry, and @entity297 ( @entity297 ) expression in @entity35 . Male @entity35 were divided into five groups: control, fresh palm oil (FPO), one-time-heated palm oil (1HPO), five-time-heated palm oil (5HPO), or ten-time-heated palm oil (10HPO). Feeding duration was six months. Blood pressure was measured at baseline and monthly using tail-cuff method. After six months, the @entity35 were sacrificed and the aortic arches were dissected for morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. @entity45921 group showed significantly lower blood pressure than all other groups. Blood pressure was increased significantly in 5HPO and 10HPO groups. The aortae of 5HPO and 10HPO groups showed significantly increased thickness and area of intima-media, circumferential wall tension, and @entity297 than other groups. Elastic lamellae were disorganised and fragmented in 5HPO- and 10HPO-treated @entity35 . @entity297 expression showed a significant positive correlation with blood pressure. In conclusion, prolonged consumption of repeatedly heated palm oil causes blood pressure elevation, adverse remodelling, and increased @entity297 , which suggests a possible involvement of @entity32 .

title: Involvement of XXXX and adverse vascular remodelling in the blood pressure raising effect of repeatedly heated palm oil in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity297 :: ('25361(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VCAM-1', 'vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) is defined as a lack of awareness for motor incapacity after a @entity75 . The causes of @entity1054 still remain poorly understood. Many associations and dissociations with other deficits have been highlighted but no specific @entity73 has been identified as a unique causative factor. We hypothesized that a failure to update beliefs about current state might be a crucial component of @entity1054 . Here, we report results from a new test that are compatible with this view. We examined anosognosic and nosognosic brain-damaged @entity1 , as well as healthy controls, on a task where they had to guess a target word based on successive clues, with increasing informative content. After each clue, @entity1 had to propose a word solution and rated their confidence. Compared to other @entity1 , anosognosic @entity1 were abnormally overconfident in their responses, even when information from the clues was insufficient. Furthermore, when presented with new clues incongruent with their previous response, they often stuck to their former "false" beliefs instead of modifying them. This impairment was @entity51 in reasoning or memory, and all @entity1 eventually identified the correct solution of riddles after the last, fully informative, clue. These results suggest that a deficit in the generation and adjustment of beliefs may be a key factor contributing to the occurrence and persistence of @entity1054 , when associated with concomitant losses in motor, proprioceptive, and/or attentional functions. @entity1 may remain unaware of their deficit partly because they cannot "update" their beliefs about current state.

title: The XXXX : does unawareness of hemiplegia involve a failure to update beliefs?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive or neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['unrelated to global deficits']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia', 'Anosognosia for hemiplegia', 'AHP']

answer: @entity1054 :: (MESH:D000377,Disease) :: ['riddle of anosognosia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether impairment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic characteristics is independent of @entity299 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To address this issue, 159 consecutive @entity101 @entity1 (44+/-11 years, 78 @entity28 , 96 @entity1 ) and 165 normotensive subjects (32+/-11 years, 84 @entity28 , 110 @entity1 ) were studied with the use of Doppler echocardiography. After adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), and sex, we found that ejection fraction (EF; M-mode, z-derived) was higher in @entity101 (66. 6+/-5.2%) than in normotensive (63.9+/-4.4%, P<0.0001) subjects, whereas @entity3207 ( @entity3207 ) was lower ( @entity101 @entity1 16. 9+/-2.0%, normotensive subjects 17.8+/-2.2%, P<0.02), even after correction for end-systolic wall stress (P<0.05). Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) was greater in @entity101 @entity1 (103+/-14 ms) than in normotensive subjects (78+/-19 ms), as was deceleration time of E velocity and peak A velocity (all P<0.0001). In multivariate analysis, IVRT was unrelated to EF, but a negative relation was found with @entity3207 (P<0.001), independent of age, BMI, presence of arterial @entity101 , LV geometry, and load (multiple R(2)=0.58). For comparable age, sex distribution, BMI, and blood pressure values, @entity101 @entity1 with lower afterload-adjusted @entity3207 exhibited longer IVRT than @entity1 with normal @entity3207 (P<0.005). However, IVRT remained higher than in normotensive control subjects after control for LV geometry and load. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler indices of delayed LV relaxation can be detected in the presence of normal or supranormal EF but are independently related to @entity73 . A less severely abnormal relaxation, however, can be also detected in the presence of normal midwall function, independent of LV geometry and load. Thus, @entity854 may occur before @entity299 even when it is measured at the midwall.

title: Relation of left ventricular diastolic properties to systolic function in arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired MS']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['midwall shortening', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish neuronal connections in the rod and cone pathway between laminated @entity95 retinal transplants and the host retina. METHODS: Fourteen adult @entity95 received a complete full-thickness embryonic transplant. After survival times of 3 to 10 months, the retinas were studied under light microscope and with immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ), @entity50808 , and calbindin were used to label rod bipolar cells, AII amacrine cells, and cone bipolar cells, respectively. The AB5 antibody was used to label ganglion cells. RESULTS: The transplants displayed laminated morphology with layers parallel to the host retinal pigment epithelium. In the oldest specimens (10 months after surgery), laminated layers of graft and host approached each other and almost reconstructed the normal retinal appearance. The ganglion and cone bipolar cells of the host survived well, as was seen with AB5 and calbindin double-labeling. Connections between cone bipolar cells in the graft and ganglion cells in the host were not common. @entity7131 -labeled rod bipolar cells and @entity50808 -labeled AII amacrine cells of host and graft showed sprouting activity directed toward an intermediate plexiform layer located between the graft and host. In specimens double-labeled with @entity7131 and @entity50808 , this intermediate plexiform layer was seen to contain numerous @entity7131 - and @entity50808 -labeled processes. Direct connections between rod bipolar and AII amacrine cells in host and graft were seen in the 10-month specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Full-thickness embryonic transplants survive for at least 10 months, and normal laminated morphology develops. Host and graft fuse and together contribute nerve cell processes to an intermediate plexiform layer. Direct graft-host contacts are also present between neuronal types that in the normal retina participate in the rod pathway.

title: Graft-host connections in long-term full-thickness embryonic XXXX retinal transplants.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although dendritic cells (DCs) play significant roles in intestinal immune responses, little is known regarding the direct effects of luminal foods on DC functions in the intestinal mucosa. In this study, we examined the effects of @entity1718 (FAs) with various chain length on the phagocytic function, antigen presentation, and chemotaxis of intestinal DCs. METHODS: DCs obtained from the thoracic duct lymph of mesenteric lymphadenectomized @entity35 were cultured with long [ @entity1426 (AA) or @entity3952 ] or medium ( @entity6212 ) chain FAs with @entity12718 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Tumor @entity39 factor-alpha was added in the maturation group. Phagocytic function was examined by the intake of fluorescent microbeads. The expression of cell surface molecules was determined by immunocytochemistry or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Antigen presentation ability was evaluated by coincubating keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-sensitized spleen lymphocytes and KLH-pulsed DCs. Migratory ability of DCs toward the chemokines @entity21463 and @entity50106 was also assessed. RESULTS: There was a maturation-induced decrease in phagocytic function, and an increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Exposure of DCs to both long- and medium-chain FAs maintained phagocytic ability. The expression of MHC class II molecules was significantly suppressed only by long-chain FAs. The expression of costimulatory factors was suppressed only by AA. Long- but not medium-chain FAs suppressed the antigen presentation ability of DCs induced by maturation. Chemotactic ability of mature DCs toward @entity50106 was abrogated only by long-chain FAs. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that intraluminal exposure to long- and medium-chain FAs may differentially modulate the immune functions of intestinal DCs.

title: Differential modulation in the functions of intestinal dendritic cells by long- and medium-chain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: Despite their popularity, empirical support for health coaches is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of three types of @entity15285 models for @entity28 treatment. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity1 (N = 44) were randomized to 6 months of reduced intensity group behavioral weight loss (rBWL) plus one of three types of health coaches: (i) Professional (rBWL interventionist), (ii) Peer (group members randomly paired and coached one another), or (iii) Mentor (successful weight loser). Groups met weekly for the first 6 weeks, biweekly for the next 6 weeks, and monthly thereafter, for a total of 12 meetings. During weeks that group did not meet, @entity1 emailed their weight loss information to their coach and received feedback. Coaches were trained on appropriate @entity15285 strategies and feedback delivery. RESULTS: Retention was 95%. @entity1 emailed their progress to their coach 10.8    1.9 of the 12 weeks that there were no group meetings. Coaches responded with feedback 94% of the time. Percent weight losses at 6 months were 9.6    8.1, 9.1    5.0, and 5.7    5.6 for the Professional, Peer, and Mentor conditions, respectively. More @entity1 in the Professional and Peer conditions lost 10% of their initial body weight (Professional: 56% Peer: 50% and Mentor: 17%), with a statistically significant difference between the Professional and Mentor conditions (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that combining a rBWL program with health @entity15285 may hold significant promise as a cost-effective @entity28 treatment paradigm. Larger trials are needed to conclusively determine whether adding coaches improves weight loss outcomes in reduced intensity treatments and to examine which type of coach is most effective.

title: A randomized controlled pilot study testing three types of health coaches for XXXX treatment: Professional, peer, and mentor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']