abstract: AIM: Longitudinal course and genotype-phenotype correlation in @entity1 and carriers with heterozygous mutations in @entity6678 (bestrophin). METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 and seven possible carriers were characterised by mutation analysis with SSCPA and direct sequencing, clinical examination and fundus autofluorescence (AF). Electrophysiology (EOG and mfERG) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were additionally performed whenever possible. RESULTS: We identified seven different heterozygous mutations in ten unrelated families with @entity3987 . @entity49674 was the most frequent mutation. Five of nine individuals with @entity49675 and two of three with @entity49676 were asymptomatic carriers. One @entity1 with @entity49675 mutation had funduscopically unilateral @entity3987 . In three @entity1 (all with @entity49675 ), EOG initially showed a clearly present light peak that deteriorated during 5 years of follow-up in two of them. Increased AF corresponded well to funduscopically visible lesions. During 3-6 years of follow-up, the lesion area did not change significantly, but there were obvious changes in the inner structure of the lesion. CONCLUSION: In the present series @entity49675 , the most frequent mutation in our study, and @entity49676 showed reduced penetrance. EOG was normal in young @entity1 even if prime signs were visible. The lesion area did not depend on the mutation and did not correlate with VA. Lower VA was associated with a more irregular AF pattern due to scarring or @entity548 . Our results indicate a disease causing effect that is cumulative over time.

title: Genotype-phenotype correlation and longitudinal course in ten families with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity49674 :: ('p|DEL|296|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['I296del']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['Best disease']

entities_list: @entity49676 :: ('p|SUB|N|99|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N99K']

answer: @entity3987 :: (MESH:D057826,Disease) :: ['Best vitelliform macular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously performed retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) treated between April 1976 and March 1999, revealing acute symptoms, large @entity5 (>5 cm), distant @entity3 , and leukocytosis >=  10,000/mm(3) as the most important prognostic factors. We devised a novel prognostic index (PI) as the total number of these 4 factors present, giving a PI of 0-4. METHODS: We have adopted this PI since April 1999. In principle, multimodal treatment has been encouraged for a PI of  <= 1, whereas aggressive treatment has been avoided to maintain quality of life for a PI of >=  3. The validity of this therapeutic strategy was prospectively investigated in 74 @entity1 with @entity2867 . RESULTS: Six-month survival rates for PI  <= 1 and PI >=  3 were 72% and 12%, respectively. Among @entity1 with a PI of  <= 1,11 (42%) underwent multimodal treatment and showed significantly better survival than previous cases. Survival rates did not differ between stages. For @entity1 with a PI of >=  3, survival rates were equally dismal, regardless of stage. Numbers of @entity1 who underwent tracheostomy or died from local disease were significantly decreased compared with previous cases. CONCLUSION: Our PI is valid for anticipating prognosis and aiding timely decisions on treatment policy for @entity2867 @entity1 .

title: Prospective application of our novel prognostic index in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Despite treatment with intensive immunosuppressive drug regimens, often the prognosis of @entity1 suffering from @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is poor. Side effects such as infections and @entity5 often occur. In the present trial, 21 @entity1 (4 male and 17 female, aged 37.9 +/- 12.8 years) suffering from @entity1252 for 9.4 +/- 2.6 years, were treated for 2.3 +/- 1.8 years with drug regimens of @entity288 , @entity500 and/or @entity786 . Then, over a period of up to 8 years, in addition to conventional therapies, especially in active stages of the disease with extremely high concentrations of anti-DNA-, antinuclear antibodies and circulating immunocomplexes, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) sessions were carried out depending on symptomatology. In addition @entity1 received 2.5 +/- 0.6 mg @entity205 /kg body weight/day. Compared to previous treatment modalities, clinical symptoms improved more quickly and more effectively (p = 0.046). After 5 to 48 (17.5 +/- 13.8) months, @entity205 was established as a monotherapy for 8 of 21 @entity1 . In the other cases, @entity288 , @entity500 and @entity786 were reduced by 40 to 100%. No severe side effects were seen. In acute stages of @entity1252 and in forms with persistently high antibody levels, the addition of TPE sessions and @entity205 as the basic immunosuppressive drug is usually very effective with regard to improving clinical symptomatology.

title: Therapeutic plasma exchange and XXXX in the treatment of @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: @entity158 usually results from activation of nociceptive afferents by actually or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli. @entity158 may also arise by activity generated within the nervous system without adequate stimulation of its peripheral sensory endings. For this type of @entity158 , the International Association for the Study of @entity158 introduced the term @entity9 , defined as " @entity158 initiated or caused by a @entity75 or dysfunction in the nervous system." While this definition has been useful in distinguishing some characteristics of @entity9 , it lacks defined boundaries. Since the sensitivity of the nociceptive system is modulated by its adequate activation (e.g., by central sensitization), it has been difficult to distinguish @entity51 from physiologic neuroplasticity. We present a more precise definition developed by a group of experts from the neurologic and @entity158 community: @entity158 arising as a direct consequence of a lesion or disease affecting the somatosensory system. This revised definition fits into the nosology of @entity16 . The reference to the somatosensory system was derived from a wide range of @entity9 conditions ranging from painful @entity16 to central @entity158 . Because of the lack of a specific diagnostic tool for @entity9 , a grading system of definite, probable, and possible @entity9 is proposed. The grade possible can only be regarded as a working hypothesis, which does not exclude but does not diagnose @entity9 . The grades probable and definite require confirmatory evidence from a neurologic examination. This grading system is proposed for clinical and research purposes.

title: XXXX : redefinition and a grading system for clinical and research purposes.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy', 'neurologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'poststroke pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic and nociceptive types of pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To obtain more detailed understanding of the causes of disturbance of the @entity365 ( @entity365 ), a longitudinal study was carried out for 17 @entity1 during two menstrual cycles. METHODS: Vaginal swabs were obtained daily from 17 non-pregnant, menarchal volunteers. For each @entity1 , Gram stains were scored, the quantitative changes of 5 key vaginal species, i.e. Atopobium vaginae, @entity10265 , L. iners, (sialidase positive) @entity8439 and Prevotella bivia were quantified with qPCR and @entity3884 - @entity2625 production was assessed on TMB+ agar. RESULTS: @entity1 could be divided in 9 subjects with predominantly normal @entity365 (grades Ia, Ib and Iab, group N) and 8 with predominantly disturbed @entity365 (grades I-like, II, III and IV, group D). @entity365 was variable between @entity1 , but overall stable for most of the @entity1 . Menses were the strongest disturbing factor of the @entity365 . @entity10265 was present at log7-9 cells/ml in grade Ia, Iab and II @entity365 , but concentrations declined 100-fold during menses. @entity10265 below log7 cells/ml corresponded with poor @entity274 -production. L. iners was present at log 10 cells/ml in grade Ib, II and III @entity365 . Sialidase negative @entity8439 strains (average log5 cells/ml) were detected in grade I, I-like and IV @entity365 . In grade II @entity365 , predominantly a mixture of both sialidase negative and positive @entity8439 strains (average log9 cells/ml) were present, and predominantly sialidase positive strains in grade III @entity365 . The presence of A. vaginae (average log9 cells/ml) coincided with grade II and III @entity365 . P. bivia (log4-8 cells/ml) was mostly present in grade III @entity365 . L. iners, @entity8439 , A. vaginae and P. bivia all increased around menses for group N @entity1 , and as such L. iners was considered a member of disturbed @entity365 . CONCLUSIONS: This qPCR-based study confirms largely the results of previous culture-based, microscopy-based and pyrosequencing-based studies.

title: Longitudinal qPCR study of the dynamics of @entity10265 , L. iners, A. vaginae, (sialidase positive) XXXX , and P. bivia in the vagina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity8439 :: ('2702', 'Species') :: ['G. vaginalis', 'Gardnerella vaginalis']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal microflora', 'VMF']

entities_list: @entity10265 :: ('47770', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus crispatus', 'L. crispatus']

answer: @entity8439 :: (2702,Species) :: ['G. vaginalis']


abstract: We report the prevalence of @entity20789 and its impact on health of Nepalese in two different rural Village Development Committees (VDC) in Nepal. A total of 261 school @entity1 from Okharpauwa VDC in Nuwakot district (Central Region) and 242 inhabitants of Boya VDC in Bhojpur district (Eastern Region) in Nepal were included in this study. The overall prevalence in these two different districts were 57.5% and 55.4%, respectively. Altogether four types of helminths were detected. In both districts, @entity9124 was the commonest helminth. Mixed @entity281 in both study areas accounted for less than 5.0%. All helminth infected subjects were treated with a single dose of @entity3753 . Heavy @entity13857 infection needed a second dose. Blood hemoglobin and serum total protein level in school @entity1 in Okharpauwa VDC increased significantly after chemotherapy (P < 0.05). Eosinophil count (10.1%; SD 5.0325) returned to normal (4.8%; SD 4.6997). @entity281 in Boya VDC was more common in @entity1 than in adults. Serum total protein, albumin, total @entity165 and @entity1674 levels were not influenced by the presence or absence of helminths among the inhabitants of Boya VDC. In both districts, more than 80.0% of the household had no latrine. In Boya VDC, 94.0% of inhabitants interviewed were not aware of other @entity11333 other than A. lumbricoides.

title: Effect of XXXX on some nutritional parameters among rural villagers in Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasite']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity20789 :: ('MESH:C531698', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal helminthiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['helminth infection', 'Helminth infection']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['Ascaris lumbricoides']

entities_list: @entity13857 :: ('36087', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris trichiura']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['intestinal helminth infection']


abstract: @entity64 is a leading cause of @entity1 @entity204 and disability in the adult population in the United States and around the world. While @entity64 treatment is limited, stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising regenerative therapy to replace or repair damaged tissues and enhance functional recovery after @entity64 . Recently, the creation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells through reprogramming of somatic cells has revolutionized cell therapy by providing an unlimited source of autologous cells for transplantation. In addition, the creation of vector-free and transgene-free @entity1 iPS (hiPS) cells provides a new generation of stem cells with a reduced risk of @entity5 formation that was associated with the random integration of viral vectors seen with previous techniques. However, the potential use of these cells in the treatment of @entity385 has not been explored. In the present investigation, we examined the neuronal differentiation of vector-free and transgene-free hiPS cells and the transplantation of hiPS cell-derived neural progenitor cells (hiPS-NPCs) in an @entity385 model in @entity19 . Vector-free hiPS cells were maintained in feeder-free and serum-free conditions and differentiated into functional neurons in vitro using a newly developed differentiation protocol. Twenty eight days after transplantation in @entity64 @entity19 , hiPS-NPCs showed mature neuronal markers in vivo. No @entity5 formation was seen up to 12 months after transplantation. Transplantation of hiPS-NPCs restored neurovascular coupling, increased trophic support and promoted behavioral recovery after @entity64 . These data suggest that using vector-free and transgene-free hiPS cells in stem cell therapy are safe and efficacious in enhancing recovery after focal @entity385 in @entity19 .

title: Vector-free and transgene-free XXXX iPS cells differentiate into functional neurons and enhance functional recovery after @entity385 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: To present a summary of the 2nd International Consultation on Bladder @entity5 recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and markers of @entity150 using an evidence-based strategy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A detailed Medline analysis was performed for original articles addressing @entity150 with regard to screening, diagnosis, markers, and pathology. Proceedings from the last 5 yr of major conferences were also searched. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The major findings are presented in an evidence-based fashion. Large retrospective and prospective data were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Cystoscopy alone is the most cost-effective method to detect recurrence of @entity150 . White-light cystoscopy is the gold standard for evaluation of the lower urinary tract; however, technology like fluorescence-aided cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging can aid in improving evaluations. Urine cytology is useful for the diagnosis of high-grade @entity5 recurrence. Molecular medicine holds the promise that clinical outcomes will be improved by directing therapy toward the mechanisms and targets associated with the growth of an individual @entity1 's @entity5 . The challenge remains to optimize measurement of these targets, evaluate the impact of such targets for therapeutic drug development, and translate molecular markers into the improved clinical management of @entity150 @entity1 . Physicians and researchers eventually will have a robust set of molecular markers to guide prevention, diagnosis, and treatment decisions for @entity150 .

title: ICUD-EAU International Consultation on Bladder XXXX 2012: Screening, diagnosis, and molecular markers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1137 in situ of the breast (LCIS and @entity3821 ) origin from the ductal-lobular unit of mammary gland, but they are characterized for different morphologic patterns and evolution. In 1980 they represent 1.4% of diagnosis in breast biopsy, less of 5% of @entity189 of the breast. Actually in 7.5% of breast biopsy an in situ @entity189 is recognized (approximating 40% of @entity0 ). Our purpose is to evaluate the different available strategies in the clinic management of @entity3821 and LCIS and, in case of surgical treatment, which reconstructive approach obtains satisfactory breast conformation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enclose 125 @entity1 : 40 of them presented LCIS (32%) and 85 @entity3821 (68%). In 40 @entity1 (32%) underposed to mastectomy was performed a reconstruction in cooperation with aesthetic surgeons. 35 of 40 @entity1 with LCIS are included in a follow-up programme, 5 of them had a bilateral mastectomy and reconstruction. RESULTS: No recurrences were observed in @entity1 affected by LCIS. Six @entity1 underposed to wide excision for @entity3821 developed local recurrence, treated by mastectomy. No recurrences were observed in @entity1 treated initially with mastectomy. Some complications correlated to reconstruction were detected. CONCLUSIONS: One of most controversial sights in breast pathology is the understanding of biological meaning of CLIS: in facts CDIS can be considered a pre-invasive @entity5 , CLIS is reasonably considerable only a risk indicator for developing @entity0 but it isn't a pre-neoplastic lesion. Very important is the reconstruction of the breast to improve the quality life of @entity1 .

title: [In situ XXXX of the breast: clinical features and therapeutic strategies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['Lobular and ductal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Actin cytoskeleton is involved in actin-based cell adhesion, cell motility, and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity15976 and @entity1551 are responsible for cell invasion in @entity0 @entity3 . The dietary intake of @entity24829 from flax seed gets converted to @entity24215 (EL) and @entity24828 in the @entity1 system. Here we show that the @entity24215 has a very significant anti-metastatic activity as demonstrated by its ability to inhibit adhesion and invasion and migration in MCF-7 and MDA MB231 cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Migration inhibition assay, actin-based cell motility assay along with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity15976 and @entity1551 genes were performed in MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines. RESULTS: @entity24215 seems to inhibit actin-based cell motility as evidenced by confocal imaging and photo documentation of cell migration assay. The results are supported by the observation that the @entity24215 in vitro significantly down-regulates the @entity3 -related metalloproteinases @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1551 gene expressions. No significant alteration in the @entity15976 gene expression was found. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore we suggest that the anti-metastatic activity of EL is attributed to its ability to inhibit cell adhesion, cell invasion and cell motility. EL affects normal filopodia and lamellipodia structures, polymerization of actin filaments at their leading edges and thereby inhibits actin-based cell adhesion and cell motility. The process involves multiple force-generating mechanisms of actin filaments i.e. protrusion, traction, deadhesion and tail-retraction. By down-regulating the @entity3 -related @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1551 gene expressions, EL may be responsible for cell invasion step of @entity3 .

title: In vitro anti-metastatic activity of @entity24215 , a XXXX @entity24829 derived from flax @entity24829 , and down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases in MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity24828 :: ('MESH:C029498', 'Chemical') :: ['enterodiol']

entities_list: @entity24215 :: ('MESH:C029497', 'Chemical') :: ['enterolactone', 'Enterolactone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: This part of the EFISG guidelines focuses on non-neutropenic adult @entity1 . Only a few of the numerous recommendations can be summarized in the abstract. Prophylactic usage of @entity2380 is supported in @entity1 with recent abdominal surgery and recurrent gastrointestinal perforations or anastomotic leakages. Candida isolation from respiratory secretions alone should never prompt treatment. For the targeted initial treatment of candidaemia, @entity5626 are strongly recommended while liposomal @entity2379 and @entity5074 are supported with moderate, and @entity2380 with marginal strength. Treatment duration for candidaemia should be a minimum of 14 days after the end of candidaemia, which can be determined by one blood culture per day until negativity. Switching to oral treatment after 10 days of intravenous therapy has been safe in stable @entity1 with susceptible Candida species. In candidaemia, removal of indwelling catheters is strongly recommended. If catheters cannot be removed, lipid-based @entity2379 or @entity5626 should be preferred over @entity8201 . Transoesophageal echocardiography and fundoscopy should be performed to detect organ involvement. Native @entity340 requires surgery within a week, while in @entity340 , earlier surgery may be beneficial. The antifungal regimen of choice is liposomal @entity2379 +/- @entity4895 . In @entity2194 , liposomal @entity2379 +/- @entity4895 is recommended when the susceptibility of the isolate is unknown, and in susceptible isolates, @entity2380 and @entity5074 are alternatives. @entity30392 is not recommended for any indication due to severe side effects.

title: ESCMID* guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity30392 :: ('MESH:C059765', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B deoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'valve endocarditis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity521 developed in 10 of 31 @entity329 inoculated intraocularly with @entity8315 , a @entity1 polyoma virus. The latent period was 6 to 11 months. @entity5 occurred in the abdominal cavity, pelvis, mediastinum, and neck region. The origin of one @entity5 from the adrenal gland was demonstrated. @entity3 were seen in the liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Two @entity521 arising in this experiment were transplanted serially in weanling hamsters, and a tissue culture cell line was established from one of the transplanted @entity5 . T-antigen was detected in three of five @entity5 tested and in the transplanted @entity5 . Antibody against T-antigen was demonstrated in sera from five of six animals with @entity521 . @entity521 also developed after combined s.c. and i.p. injection of @entity8315 .

title: Induction of peripheral neuroblastomas in @entity329 after injection as neonates with @entity8315 , a XXXX polyoma virus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'Primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroblastomas', 'neuroblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the marker of choice for genome wide association studies. In order to provide the best genome coverage for the analysis of disease, production and performance traits, a large number of relatively evenly distributed SNPs are needed. The main objective of present work was to identify large numbers of gene-associated SNPs using high-throughput sequencing in @entity957 of horn. RNA-seq analysis was conducted on 2 tissues viz. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and Horn Normal (HN) in Kankrej breed of @entity291 . A total of 909,362 reads with average read length of 405 bp for @entity5 and 583,491 reads with average read length of 411 bp for HN were obtained. We found 9532 and 7065 SNPs as well as 1771 and 1172 Indels in @entity5 and HN, respectively, from which, 7889 SNPs and 1736 Indels were uniquely present in @entity5 , 5886 SNPs and 1146 Indels were uniquely present in HN and reported first time in @entity7040 , whereas the rest are already reported in @entity291 dbSNP database. The gene-associated SNPs and Indels were high in upregulated genes of @entity5 as compared to HN. Analysis of differentially expressed genes was identified, these genes are involved in regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene transcription, cell survival and metabolism through various metabolic pathways. The result of transcriptome expression profiling was validated using Real Time quantitative PCR in nine randomly selected genes. We identified numbers aberrant signaling pathways responsible for @entity105 in @entity5 which are also commonly altered in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of lung in @entity1 being. We conclude that a large number of altered genes and dysfunction of multiple pathways are involved in the development of @entity5 . The present findings contribute to theoretical information for further screening of genes and identification of markers for early diagnosis of @entity5 as well as SNPs identified in this report provide a much needed resource for genetic studies in @entity7040 and shall contribute to the development of a high density SNP array. Validation and testing of these SNPs using SNP arrays will form the material basis for gene associated SNPs in @entity5 .

title: Transcriptome analysis and SNP identification in @entity957 of horn in ( @entity7040 ) Indian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HC', 'Horn Cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity7040 :: ('9915', 'Species') :: ['B. indicus', 'Bos indicus']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'Bos taurus']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite aggressive therapy. Thirty-eight @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2416 were studied to identify pretreatment features that could be used to predict short-term improvement in pulmonary function and improved longer term survival. In all @entity1 , a pretreatment clinical ( @entity1353 ), radiographic (chest radiograph), and physiologic (pulmonary function including exercise saturation) score was generated (CRP). A high-resolution CT scan (HRCT) was independently scored by four radiologists for ground glass (CT- @entity3322 ) and linear opacity (CT-fib) on a scale of 0-4. Open lung biopsy samples were scored for cellular infiltration, interstitial @entity82 , desquamation, and granulation by an experienced pulmonary pathologist. All @entity1 were treated with 3 mo of high-dose @entity230 and the CRP scoring repeated. @entity1 were divided into three groups: responders with a greater than 10-point drop in CRP (n = 10); stable with +/- 10 point change in CRP (n = 14); and nonresponders with > 10 point rise in CRP or @entity204 (n = 14). Those responding to @entity230 were treated for 18 mo in a tapering fashion. In all others, @entity230 were tapered quickly and oral @entity786 prescribed. Responders (10 of 38) had a lower age (45.1+/-4.3 yr) than nonresponders (61.4+/-3.5 yr) or those remaining stable (53.1+/-3.3 yr) (p = 0.01). Pretreatment CRP was higher in responders (58.8+/-5.6) than nonresponders (40.5+/-4.7) or stable individuals (37.6+/-4.7) (p = 0.01). Cellular infiltration score of the open lung biopsies was higher in responders (7.6+/-0.6) than stable individuals (5.7+/-0.5) (p = 0.04). The CT- @entity3322 scores were higher and CT-fib scores were lower in responders than nonresponders. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis was employed to identify pretreatment features of longer term survival (follow-up of 29.1+/-2.3 mo). Only CT-fib (p = 0.009) and pathology @entity82 score (p = 0.03) were able to predict mortality. A pretreatment CT-fib score > or = 2.0 demonstrated 80% sensitivity and 85% specificity in predicting survival. Those @entity1 who did not respond to initial @entity134 therapy demonstrated a worse long-term survival and greater likelihood of @entity6314 . We demonstrate that pretherapy pulmonary function, pathologic and radiographic parameters are different in individuals who respond to initial @entity229 therapy. Only HRCT imaging and pathologic @entity82 were able to reliably predict long-term survival in @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity2416 .

title: XXXX : predicting response to therapy and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'IPF']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Two test specimens of skin were cut from the lateral aspect of each hind limb of 9 @entity35 . Specimens were contiguous, thereby providing matched pairs. One specimen was immediately placed in liquid @entity1568 for 5 minutes, then stored at -70 C and tested within 3 to 4 weeks. Within 5 minutes of harvest, the second specimen was used for immediate material testing. Basic engineering material tests were used to measure strength, loading response, and elastic and viscous properties. Each matched pair of tissues was used for the same procedure. Quasistatic uniaxial tensile tests were used to apply deformations to the test specimens, and resulting loads were recorded. Stress and strain were calculated from the recorded data, providing information on yield strength, ultimate strength, @entity174 strength, and loading response. Each matched pair of specimens represented 1 repetition; 6 repetitions were made of each observation. Statistical analysis indicated that tissue freezing significantly (P less than 0.05) increased @entity174 strength, but did not affect strength, ultimate strength, or loading response. Dynamic vibration response tests were used to find mechanical mobility of the specimens, thereby providing information on elastic and @entity146 , which were quantified by calculation of spring and damping coefficients, respectively. As before, 6 repetitions were used. Statistical analysis indicated that tissue freezing did not affect these coefficients.

title: Effects of freezing on mechanical properties of XXXX skin.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['viscous behaviors']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The clinical effects of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) administered in accordance with a double-blind design in one of three doses (200, 400 or 600 mg) were examined in 44 @entity716 @entity1 . The relationships between the effects and the @entity5579 concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were analyzed. The antipsychotic and side effects were rated according to the CPRS and the Simpson and Angus scale. @entity5579 concentrations were measured by a mass fragmentographic method. Treatment with @entity5579 resulted in a significant reduction of morbidity scores, without any clear dose relation. The final outcome was more favourable in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Extrapyramidal side effects but not somnolence were positively dose related. The antipsychotic effects tended to be positively related to the dose of @entity5579 in mg/kg as well as the @entity5579 concentrations in plasma and CSF. The greatest number of significant correlations between the @entity5579 concentration in CSF and the morbidity scores were seen after 2 weeks of treatment. The results indicated marked clinical improvement with @entity5579 concentrations above 1 ng/ml in CSF and 40 ng/ml in plasma. After 4 weeks of treatment the correlations between the @entity5579 concentrations and the clinical improvement were still positive but the coefficients were lower than at 2 weeks and only occasionaly significant. @entity21 were significantly related to the @entity5579 concentrations in plasma and CSF. Somnolence was significantly related to the @entity5579 concentrations in CSF.

title: Clinical effects and drug concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in @entity716 @entity1 treated with fixed doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapyramidal symptoms']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: The @entity1 c-fes locus encodes a non-receptor protein- @entity669 kinase implicated in myeloid, vascular endothelial, and neuronal cell differentiation. A recent analysis of the @entity669 kinome in @entity14 identified c-fes as one of only seven genes with consistent kinase domain mutations. Although four mutations were identified ( @entity45662 , @entity45663 , @entity45664 , @entity45665 ), the consequences of these mutations on Fes kinase activity were not explored. To address this issue, Fes mutants with these substitutions were co-expressed with @entity4104 in @entity1 293T cells. Surprisingly, the @entity45662 , @entity45663 , and @entity45664 mutations substantially reduced Fes autophosphorylation and @entity4104 Tyr-705 phosphorylation compared with wild-type Fes, whereas @entity45665 had little effect. These mutations had a similar impact on Fes kinase activity in a @entity375 expression system, suggesting that they inhibit Fes by affecting kinase domain structure. We have also demonstrated for the first time that endogenous Fes is strongly expressed at the base of colonic crypts where it co-localizes with epithelial cells positive for the progenitor cell marker @entity5440 . In contrast to normal colonic epithelium, Fes expression was reduced or absent in @entity694 sections from most individuals. Fes protein levels were also low or absent in a panel of @entity1 @entity14 cell lines, including HT-29 and HCT 116 cells. Introduction of Fes into these lines with a recombinant retrovirus suppressed their growth in soft agar. Together, our findings strongly implicate the c-Fes protein- @entity669 kinase as a @entity5 suppressor rather than a dominant oncogene in @entity14 .

title: A growth-suppressive function for the c-fes protein- XXXX kinase in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare SF-36, @entity158 Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and sleep VAS outcomes of an adjustable airbed with innerspring mattresses in a population of @entity615 sufferers. STUDY DESIGN: A-B-A trial, in 3 phases: the @entity1 on their own bed for 1 night, on an adjustable airbed for 28 nights, and on their bed for 14 nights. SETTING: Outpatient @entity158 rehabilitation, physical therapy, and alternative medicine clinics. @entity1 : Three centers recruited 30 @entity1 each with severe @entity615 or other @entity25 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: SF-36 health status survey and @entity227 and sleep quality scales. RESULTS: On VAS scales, 95% showed @entity158 improvement, and 88% reported better sleep. The average improvements were a 32% @entity158 decrease and a 73% increase in sleep quality, significant at P less than.001 (two-tail t test). Eighty percent improved on the SF-36 physical functioning dimension and 88% improved on the bodily @entity158 dimension. The average score on each dimension improved (P less than.001). Eighty-five percent preferred the adjustable airbed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: SF-36 and VAS outcomes measures showed a highly significant benefit for the airbed design in this short-term comparison. The airbed appears to be a useful sleep aid and an adjunct to medical and physical therapies for @entity615 sufferers.

title: Short-term outcomes of @entity615 XXXX on an airbed vs innerspring mattresses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain and without sleep apnea', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The co-injection of extracellular matrix components, such as Matrigel, with @entity1 @entity5 cells into @entity19 has been reported to facilitate @entity5 formation and growth, but it is unknown whether such components exert similar effects on @entity5 progression and @entity3 . Metastatic behaviour is known to be enhanced when @entity5 cells are implanted orthotopically, and it is inferred that full and efficient expression of this phenotype may involve some interactions with local connective tissue matrix. It was therefore decided to investigate whether manipulation of the mesenchymal environment by co-injection of extracellular matrix components, in the form of Matrigel, with @entity1 @entity0 cells into orthotopic or ectopic sites could augment their metastatic performance, as well as their growth at the site of inoculation. Standard aliquots of 10(6) cells of the polyclonal human @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-435, and of four clonal cell lines, two metastatic and two non-metastatic derived from it, were injected with and without Matrigel, orthotopically or subcutaneously into @entity19 . The latent period of @entity5 formation at the inoculation site as well as final @entity5 size and metastatic performance at autopsy, 140 days after inoculation, were then assessed. The prevalence of @entity3 of the parent, polyclonal, cell line and of its metastatic clones was increased if the cell inoculum was mixed with Matrigel. Non-metastatic clones were not induced to become metastatic by this treatment, but local @entity5 growth at the site of inoculation was enhanced in all experimental groups receiving Matrigel. Orthotopic inoculation acted synergistically with Matrigel to maximise both @entity5 growth and metastatic behaviour. The composition of the local extracellular matrix at the site of @entity5 growth influenced expression of the metastatic phenotype by cells which are constitutionally capable of this behaviour, but did not induce it in ones which are not. Previous reports that local @entity5 growth is facilitated by enrichment of the mesenchymal matrix are confirmed. The mechanisms by which such effects are exerted are worthy of study, to ascertain whether they might be subject to clinical manipulation designed to retard @entity5 growth and dissemination.

title: Effects of inoculation site and Matrigel on growth and XXXX of @entity1 @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: We describe four cases with several findings of @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ), but without @entity56 to DNA cross-linking that is the distinguishing characteristic of @entity11807 . Two of the cases are male and female sibs of Hispanic origin, age 6 years and 11 months, respectively. Both have @entity851 , failure to thrive, absent thumbs, short palpebral fissures, and @entity2118 . The @entity1 also has developmental " @entity1141 " of her hips. Presently, both siblings are hematologically normal. Elevated baseline chromosome breakage was observed in the @entity1 , but not in the @entity1 . Neither sib showed elevated @entity19644 ( @entity16905 )-induced chromosomal breakage. In a subsequent pregnancy, prenatal studies showed slightly elevated baseline and @entity16905 induced chromosome breakage (greater than normal, but lower than the established range for @entity11807 ). The fetus had @entity1592 and an absent right thumb. A review of cases referred to the International Fanconi @entity417 Registry for @entity16905 testing showed one additional case with similar findings. That @entity1 , a @entity1 , of Caucasian English ancestry, age 14 years, had @entity851 , a history of failure to thrive, @entity2118 , absent right thumb, hypoplastic left thumb, and @entity1276 that resolved spontaneously. Elevated baseline chromosome breakage was observed in skin fibroblasts but not in lymphocytes. We postulate that these cases represent a previously undescribed @entity74 . These and other previously reported cases provide evidence for alternative genetic mechanisms that may result in @entity600 similar to those seen in @entity11807 .

title: New recessive syndrome characterized by increased chromosomal breakage and several findings which overlap with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia', 'FA']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi anemia']


abstract: CONTEXT: Glucocorticoids (GC) are powerful endogenous and therapeutic modulators of @entity32 and play a critical role for controlling @entity792 . GC resistance can be seen in @entity1 with cell-mediated @entity792 , but it is unknown whether this represents a stable trait or a state. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether GC resistance of T cell responses is dynamically regulated in @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) and @entity15 ( @entity15 ). DESIGN: This was a translational observational study. @entity1 AND ANIMALS: @entity6503 was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 . A cross-sectional sample of 25 @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 was included as well as four @entity15 @entity1 during pregnancy and postpartum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcome measures included GC sensitivity of T cell proliferation and GC-mediated apoptosis. RESULTS: GC resistance was seen in both autoantigen-specific and nonspecific responses of T cells obtained from @entity19 with @entity6503 . GC resistance preceded clinical symptoms and central nervous system infiltration of immune cells. T cells obtained during @entity6503 were resistant to GC-induced apoptosis, and this was linked to down-regulation of GC receptor-a expression. GC resistance in T cells was also seen in @entity15 @entity1 with radiological evidence for ongoing @entity32 . GC resistance was absent in the @entity15 @entity1 during pregnancy, when relapse risk is decreased, but recurred postpartum, a time of increased relapse risk. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that GC resistance during @entity792 is dynamically regulated. This has implications for the timing of @entity134 treatments and provides a putative pathway to explain the observed association between psychological stress and exacerbation of @entity792 .

title: Dynamic development of glucocorticoid resistance during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune neuroinflammation', 'autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune neuroinflammation']


abstract: A 74 years old male @entity1 was admitted to our department suffering from @entity1282 for five months. Gastric Barium studies showed a @entity5 with @entity75 in the wall of the esophagus, and @entity354 was also diagnosed. Endoscopy verified a @entity5 with esophageal metastasis, and biopsy was obtained from the two lesions. Histology showed that both @entity5 were @entity420 . Endoscopic ultrasonography classified the @entity5 as grade T2. As observed during endoscopy, the wall of the esophagus at the level of the polypoid lesion was hypo-echogenic and thick which was result of thickened mucosa. Total gastrectomy and oesophagectomy was performed. Pathology showed that the @entity5 was pT2N2 and type Siewert-Stein II. The esophageal polypoid lesion was also proved an @entity420 , which was localized only to the mucosa. No @entity5 cells were found in the blood- or in lymph vessels between the @entity5 and the @entity420 . We think that the polypoid @entity420 in the esophagus is an esophageal metastasis implantation from the @entity420 . It is based on the exclusion of other possible @entity5 dissemination routes. Probably the @entity354 is responsible for the implantation of @entity5 cells.

title: [Esophageal implantation metastasis from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polypoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cardia tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-esophageal reflux', 'gastro-esophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'cardia adenocarcinoma', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']


abstract: Considering the proximity of the major vascular structures to the back of the knee, vascular complications of total knee arthroplasty are relatively rare. A @entity1 who developed @entity810 immediately following a total knee arthroplasty is reported. This stimulated a survey of @entity455 encountered by members of the British Association for the Surgery of the Knee. The majority of surgeons still use a tourniquet but will modify their practice if there is @entity148 about vascular status. The mechanism of injury to the vascular system is either direct trauma or @entity715 . The outcome following treatment after direct injury is extremely good. The outcome after @entity715 is extremely poor. There is no recorded case of @entity715 occurring when a tourniquet was not used. Whether all knee arthroplasties should be done without a tourniquet is discussed. Early intervention is vital if a @entity1317 is suspected.

title: XXXX in total knee arthroplasty. A review of the problem with special reference to the possible effects of the tourniquet.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial complications']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Vascular injuries']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity130 secondary to car surfing is a unique mechanism of head and @entity3510 in @entity1 and adolescents. In this study, the authors present their experience with @entity16 resulting from car surfing and describe the growing national trend of car-surfing injuries and the increasing portrayal of this activity in the media. METHODS: A retrospective study of the Rainbow Babies and @entity1 's @entity130 database was conducted to identify all cases of @entity16 secondary to car surfing. Between January 1995 and December 2008, 7 @entity1 <or= 16 years of age, including 6 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , were identified. The charts of these @entity1 were reviewed. National data on car-surfing fatalities over the same time period in @entity1 and adolescents 10-20 years of age were obtained from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, and these data were analyzed for national trends in car-surfing fatalities. RESULTS: All 7 @entity1 with injuries due to car surfing suffered traumatic @entity542 . Three @entity1 fell from the back of the moving vehicle, 2 fell from the hood, 1 fell from the side of the vehicle, and 1 @entity1 sustained @entity542 after intentionally jumping off the moving vehicle. All 7 @entity1 suffered @entity510 , and 4 had associated skull fractures. One @entity1 underwent craniotomy to evacuate an @entity6477 . The other 6 @entity1 required nonoperative treatment. Four @entity1 had permanent @entity16 . National statistics have shown a steady rise in car-surfing fatality rates since 2000, especially in California, Florida, and Texas. CONCLUSIONS: Car surfing is an unusual but serious mechanism of @entity16 in @entity1 and adolescents. Despite its dangers, car surfing is becoming a more common pastime in the pediatric population. National statistics have shown a steady rise in car-surfing fatalities since 2000. This national rise in fatalities chronologically overlaps with the introduction of media depictions of the activity since 1995. Increased awareness of the dangers of car surfing may help prevent future @entity542 .

title: XXXX from car surfing.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injuries', 'neurological injury', 'neurological problems']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital trauma', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological injuries']


abstract: @entity6 is said to account for most cases of @entity16 in the elderly. We reviewed records of 223 young-old (65-79 years) and 77 old-old (>or=80 years) @entity1 referred for evaluation of @entity1109 over a 9-year period. We prospectively validated our findings in 102 consecutive elderly (77 young-old) @entity1 receiving intensive evaluation for @entity16 . @entity6 was the most common cause of @entity16 (41%), but was less common in the old-old (25% versus 46%, P < 0.001). Idiopathic @entity16 were more common in the old-old (39% versus 9%, P < 0.001). Alcoholic and nutritional @entity16 were uncommon in the old-old. Electrophysiological studies showed that most @entity1 had an @entity16 . Sural and peroneal response amplitudes were poorly correlated with age. We obtained similar results in our prospective study. The distribution of causes of @entity16 in young-old and old-old @entity1 , in a hospital-based sample, is age-related. Future studies need to include the old-old to better understand the nature of @entity16 in the elderly.

title: Peripheral neuropathy in young-old and old-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal type of neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity717 result from complex interactions of genetic, toxicologic (chemical), and social factors. Among these various causes, toxicologic exposures deserve special scrutiny because they are readily preventable. This article provides an introduction to some of the literature addressing the effects of these toxicologic exposures on the developing brain. This body of research demonstrates cause for serious concern that commonly encountered household and environmental chemicals contribute to @entity717 . The developing brain is uniquely susceptible to permanent impairment by exposure to environmental substances during time windows of vulnerability. Lead, @entity349 , and @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ) have been extensively studied and found to impair development at levels of exposure currently experienced by significant portions of the general population. High-dose exposures to each of these chemicals cause catastrophic developmental effects. More recent research has revealed @entity137 at progressively lower exposures, illustrating a "declining threshold of harm" commonly observed with improved understanding of developmental toxicants. For lead, @entity349 , and @entity3215 , recent studies reveal that background-population exposures contribute to a wide variety of problems, including impairments in attention, memory, learning, social behavior, and IQ. Unfortunately, for most chemicals there is little data with which to evaluate potential risks to neurodevelopment. Among the 3000 chemicals produced in highest volume (over 1 million lbs/yr), only 12 have been adequately tested for their effects on the developing brain. This is a matter of concern because the fetus and @entity1 are exposed to untold numbers, quantities, and combinations of substances whose safety has not been established. @entity1 development can be better protected by more precautionary regulation of household and environmental chemicals. Meanwhile, health care providers and parents can play an important role in reducing exposures to a wide variety of known and suspected @entity137 that are widely present in consumer products, food, the home, and wider community.

title: In harm's way: toxic threats to XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurodevelopmental toxicants']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls', 'PCBs']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental disabilities', 'developmental disabilities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: @entity1 with severe, widespread @entity453 and @entity1 who have undergone several coronary artery bypass operations are often poor candidates for coronary bypass surgery (CABG). @entity602 ( @entity602 ) has been shown to have an anti-anginal effect that is probably associated with an anti-ischaemic effect. In the present investigation, 15 @entity1 with severe @entity951 (mean age 64 years, range 49-71) were studied. All @entity1 had a history of intractable @entity951 pectoris despite optimal medical treatment and previous coronary bypass operation. The @entity1 had @entity74 and graft occlusion or graft stenosis on postoperative coronary angiograms. Left ventricular function was assessed echocardiographically at rest and during provocation with @entity859 infusion in a control session without treatment and during treatment with @entity602 . The recovery time was at least 3 h. The decrease in the ejection fraction during @entity859 infusion was more pronounced in the control situation (44 to 37%; P < 0.05) than during @entity602 (48 to 44%; ns), and the time to @entity409 and to @entity158 during @entity859 infusion was significantly prolonged during @entity602 (P < 0.001). In addition, the recovery time for these parameters was shorter during @entity602 (P < 0.001). It is concluded that the deterioration in left ventricular function during @entity859 provocation was less pronounced with @entity602 than without. This possible anti-ischaemic effect is in agreement with results from earlier studies.

title: Assessment of the influence of spinal cord stimulation on left ventricular function in @entity1 with severe XXXX pectoris: an echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic signs of dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multi-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: The microvasculature is known to be a source of a number of vasoregulatory prostanoids. In the kidney, these prostanoids have been proposed to influence vascular, tubular, and glomerular function. A rapid method for isolation of large numbers of preglomerular renal microvessels (interlobular arteries and afferent arterioles) from the @entity95 kidney has recently been developed in this laboratory. In the current report, we describe methods to culture endothelial cells derived from these isolated renal microvessels. Endothelial cells in primary and continuous cultures were grown in monolayers on culture dishes and plates. These cells demonstrated morphology consistent with that described for other endothelial cells in culture including the presence of @entity1053 as seen by electron microscopy. The presence of factor VIII immunofluorescence and angiotensin converting-enzyme activity was also observed. The cultured endothelial cells synthesized a number of common prostanoids under in vitro conditions and the hierarchy of biosynthesis was PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than PGI2 greater than @entity3447 . The ratio of the in vitro biosynthesis of PGI2: @entity1421 was approximately 1:5, as compared with a 3-5:1 ratio seen in freshly isolated intact microvessels. Prostanoid biosynthesis increased in the cultured endothelial cells in the presence of @entity1426 (1 and 10 microM), @entity3365 (10 microM), @entity11328 (5 U/ml), or @entity1812 (1 microM) and decreased with @entity3543 (10 microM)-or @entity3352 (100 microM), suggesting that these cells were metabolically responsive to a variety of prostanoid stimulators and inhibitors. In summary, endothelial cells can be cultured from freshly isolated preglomerular renal microvessels and have the ability to produce a number of vasoregulatory prostanoids under in vitro conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: PGI2 is not a major prostanoid produced by cultured XXXX renal microvascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Weibel-Palade bodies']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Topical antimicrobial treatment for @entity235 @entity6793 is becoming increasingly important, but little is known about the mechanism of action and persistence of activity of antimicrobial shampoos. OBJECTIVE: To determine the residual antimicrobial activity on @entity235 hairs treated with antimicrobial shampoos. ANIMALS: Forty-two @entity235 from a research institution. METHODS: @entity235 were treated with six different shampoos and the combination of one shampoo and conditioner containing @entity18575 , @entity1216 in different concentrations (0.8, 2, 3 and 4%), @entity39594 and @entity5897 twice weekly for 2  weeks. A shampoo vehicle without antimicrobial ingredients was used as the control. Hairs were collected immediately after and 2, 4 and 7  days after the last shampoo therapy and placed onto an agar plate streaked with @entity23819 . After incubation, the growth inhibition zone around the hair shafts was measured. RESULTS: The largest zone of inhibition of bacterial growth was seen after shampoos containing 2 and 3% @entity1216 and the combination of @entity1216 shampoo and conditioner. The zone of inhibition was smaller with the shampoos containing 0.8 and 4% @entity1216 . There was no difference between the inhibition zones post-treatment with @entity18575 , @entity39594 and control. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The efficacy of a shampoo is dependent not only on the concentration of the active ingredients but also on the shampoo formulation. Hair shafts treated with shampoos containing 2 and 3% @entity1216 and the combination of shampoo and conditioner inhibited bacterial growth significantly and seem suitable to treat @entity235 bacterial @entity6793 .

title: Residual antibacterial activity of XXXX hairs after therapy with antimicrobial shampoos.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity39594 :: ('MESH:C015866', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl lactate']

entities_list: @entity18575 :: ('MESH:D001585', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoyl peroxide']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that eosinophils and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in the sputum of @entity1 with @entity565 closely reflect inflammatory activity of the bronchial mucosa. We examined whether the ECP level or eosinophil count in induced sputum provides information useful in determining whether to taper the dose of medications or to terminate treatment especially with inhaled corticosteroids in @entity1 with well controlled @entity565 . We studied 15 adults with @entity565 who consistently maintained a peak expiratory flow (PEF) value within 80% or more of their predicted value (green zone) for at least 4 weeks with no @entity748 symptoms. All @entity1 underwent at least two hypretonic saline inhalation tests. Forty sputum samples were obtained for evaluation of cell count and ECP level. Before the tests, @entity1 were requested to record @entity748 symptoms, medications received, and morning and evening PEF values in a diary for more than 3 months. The relations among clinical and laboratory variables, including symptoms scores, medication scores, @entity565 scores (= symptom scores + medication scores). PEF values, forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0) during the test, and sputum eosinophil count or sputum ECP, were analyzed. The sputum ECP level correlated significantly with the percentage of eosinophils in the sputum (rs = 0.783). There were also significant correlations between the sputum ECP level and the mean weekly symptom scores (rs = 0.500-0.510), medication scores (rs = 0.510-0.540), and @entity565 scores (rs = 0.509-0.548). However, there were no significant correlations among sputum ECP level, mean morning PEF or evening PEF, daily variation in PEF, and FEV1.0. We conclude that the sputum ECP level is a sensitive laboratory variable useful in monitoring the presence of @entity32 in the bronchial mucosa of @entity1 with @entity565 , especially those who have mild or no symptoms with normal PEF.

title: [Sensitivity of sputum eosinophil cationic protein level for monitoring XXXX @entity1 with normal peak expiratory flow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Analysis of the major @entity0 ( @entity0 ) predisposition genes @entity5345 and @entity2674 enables identification of high-risk individuals. Specialized programs enrolling the carriers of @entity6069 mutations facilitate an improvement in prevention and early diagnostics in asymptomatic individuals and rationalize the selection of individualized treatment in case of a @entity0 onset. However, the carriers of mutations in the major predisposition genes represent only approximately 25% of cases among high-risk @entity0 @entity1 . Numerous candidate predisposing genes for @entity0 have recently been identified. The risk of @entity5 development associated with alterations in these genes is lower, and there is a considerable population variability in different regions worldwide. AIM: We have performed mutation analyses of moderate-risk @entity5 susceptibility genes to evaluate their clinical importance for genetic counseling in high-risk @entity1 suffering from @entity0 in the Czech population. RESULTS: Czech oncological @entity1 were analysed for mutation in @entity14050 , @entity9516 , @entity9485 ( @entity9485 ) and @entity9517 genes. The majority of analyzed individuals represent the population of high-risk @entity5345 /2-negative @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on results of this study, we recommend an analysis of recurrent truncating mutations in the @entity9516 gene (the @entity12096 mutation and a large deletion affecting exons 9-10) in @entity5345 /2-negative @entity1 from high-risk @entity0 families. A clinical assessment of missense variants in @entity9516 is not suitable. A routine mutation analysis of the @entity14050 and @entity9485 ( @entity9485 ) genes is not recommended in @entity0 @entity1 due to the low frequency of alterations in these genes in the Czech Republic. An identification of truncating mutations in the @entity9517 gene is important in @entity5345 /2-negative @entity0 @entity1 from families with a strong history of @entity0 (HBC families). The frequency of @entity9517 mutations may be comparable to the frequency of mutations in the @entity2674 gene in Czech HBC families.

title: [The clinical importance of a genetic analysis of moderate-risk @entity5 susceptibility genes in breast and other XXXX @entity1 from the Czech Republic].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and other cancers', 'breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5419 is a common health problem and can cause @entity2021 . Avoidance of the offending food allergen is still the mainstay therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated the role of plasma cell reduction by proteasome inhibition in a @entity19 model of @entity5419 and examined the impact of this treatment on the systemic and local immune response. For this purpose, intestinal @entity2021 was induced in BALB/c @entity19 with the food allergen hazelnut, in conjunction with different adjuvants (alum and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B SEB) and different administration routes (oral and intraperitoneal). In both models, @entity566 symptoms were observed, but the clinical severity was more pronounced in the hazelnut-alum model than in the hazelnut-SEB model. Accordingly, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) against hazelnut was detectable, and mast cell protease-1 in serum was increased after allergen provocation. Treatment with the proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 reduced plasma cells and resulted in an abolishment of hazelnut allergen-specific IgE, which was associated with amelioration of clinical symptoms as well as a significant decrease in both @entity6440 (+) and follicular B lymphocytes. Our data demonstrate the importance of allergen-specific @entity5419 and point to B cells as potential therapeutic targets for its treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity1749 treatment diminishes hazelnut-induced intestinal @entity2021 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['Food allergy', 'food allergy', 'IgE in food allergy']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Protein trafficking across the glomerular capillary has a pathogenic role in subsequent @entity8 . Despite evidence that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors improve glomerular size-selectivity, whether this effect is solely due to ANG II blocking or if other mediators also play a contributory role is not clear yet. We studied 20 proteinuric @entity1 with @entity8 , who received either @entity4688 (20 mg/day) or the ANG II receptor blocker @entity7056 (100 mg/day) for 28 days in a randomized double-blind study. Measurements of blood pressure, renal hemodynamics, and fractional clearance of neutral dextran of graded sizes were performed before and after 28 days of treatment. Both @entity4688 and @entity7056 significantly reduced blood pressure over baseline. This reduction reached the maximum effect 4-6 h after drug administration but did not last for the entire 24-h period. Despite transient antihypertensive effect, @entity644 was effectively reduced by both treatments to comparable extents. Neither @entity4688 nor @entity7056 modified the sieving coefficients of small dextran molecules, but both effectively reduced transglomerular passage of large test macromolecules. Theoretical analysis of sieving coefficients showed that neither drug affected significantly the mean pore radius or the spread of the pore-size distribution, but both importantly and comparably reduced the importance of a nonselective shunt pathway. These data suggest that antagonism of ANG II is the key mechanism by which @entity1289 inhibitors exert their beneficial effect on glomerular size-selective function and consequently on glomerular filtration and urinary output of plasma proteins.

title: XXXX inhibition and ANG II receptor blockade improve glomerular size-selectivity in @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'renal damage']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: @entity788 ranks fourth among @entity5 -related causes of @entity204 in North America. Minimal progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . Moreover, pancreatic @entity5 is closely related to high levels of pro-survival mediators, which can ultimately lead to rapid disease progression, resistance and @entity3 . The main goal of this study was to define the mechanisms by which @entity46734 , but not other calixarenes, efficiently decreases the @entity146 of a drug resistant @entity1 @entity788 cell line (Panc-1). @entity46734 was more potent in reducing Panc-1 cell viability than @entity136 and @entity1487 . In relation to the underlying mechanisms of cytotoxic effects, it led to cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase through downregulation of @entity20571 , @entity15308 , @entity8985 and @entity995 proteins. Importantly, calix[6]arene abolished signal transduction of Mer and @entity14029 @entity669 kinase receptors, both of which are usually overexpressed in @entity788 . Accordingly, inhibition of PI3K and @entity3470 was also observed, and these proteins are positively modulated by Mer and @entity14029 . Despite decreasing the phosphorylation of AKT at Thr308, calix[6] @entity30172 caused an increase in phosphorylation at Ser473. These findings in conjunction with increased @entity30821 and @entity5593 provide a molecular basis explaining the capacity of @entity46734 to trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic cell @entity204 . Our findings highlight @entity46734 as a potential candidate for overcoming pancreatic @entity5 . Importantly, we provide evidence that calix[6]arene affects a broad array of key targets that are usually dysfunctional in @entity788 , a highly desirable characteristic for chemotherapeutics.

title: @entity46734 bypasses XXXX pancreatic @entity5 : downregulation of receptor @entity669 kinases and induction of cell @entity204 by reticulum stress and autophagy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreas carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['late-stage tumors', 'cancer', 'cancer aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity46734 :: ('MESH:C476540', 'Chemical') :: ['Calix[6]arene', 'calix[6]arene']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical results after stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) stages I and II were evaluated. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1149 received stereotactic radiotherapy. @entity1 were treated in a stereotactic body frame and breathing motion was reduced by abdominal compression. The single doses used ranged between 19 and 30 Gy/isocenter. RESULTS: After a median follow-up period of 15 months (range, 1.5-72 months) the actuarial overall survival rates and disease-free survival rates were 74.5%, 65.4%, 37.4%, and 70.2%, 49.1%, 49.1% at 12, 24, and 36 months after therapy, respectively. The actuarial @entity5 control rates were 89.5%, 67.9%, and 67.9% at 12, 24, and 36 months after therapy, respectively. A significant difference (P = .032) in @entity5 control was found for @entity1 receiving 26-30 Gy (n = 32) compared with doses of less than 26 Gy (n = 10). The effect of the @entity5 volume on @entity5 control was also evaluated. Although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .078), the subgroup of @entity5 with a @entity5 volume of less than 12 cm(3) (n = 10) experienced no @entity5 recurrence. Thirteen (31%) @entity1 developed @entity3 during follow-up, whereas isolated regional lymph node recurrence was only encountered in 2 @entity1 . No clinically significant treatment-associated side effects were documented. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy is a safe and effective treatment option for @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 not suitable for surgery. Especially for small @entity5 volumes it seems to be equally effective as hypofractionated radiotherapy, while minimizing the overall treatment time.

title: Stereotactic single-dose radiotherapy (radiosurgery) of early stage XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall-cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) capable of initiating or augmenting vascular growth were recently identified within the small population of @entity2280 -expressing cells that circulate in @entity1 peripheral blood and which are considered @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ). Soon thereafter @entity1 @entity1583 began to be used in clinical trials as putative sources of EPC for therapeutic vascular regeneration, especially in @entity741 . However, unlike @entity1583 where @entity1583 efficacy is related quantitatively to @entity2280 + cell numbers implanted, there has been no consensus on how to measure EPC or how to assess cellular graft potency for vascular regeneration. We employed an animal model of spontaneous neovascularization to simultaneously determine whether @entity1 cells incorporate into new vessels and to quantify the effect of different putative angiogenic cells on vascularization in terms of number of vessels generated. We systematically compared competence for therapeutic angiogenesis in different sources of @entity1 cells with putative angiogenic potential, to begin to provide some rationale for optimising cell procurement for this therapy. METHODS: @entity1 cells employed were mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood and @entity1583 -rich cell sources (umbilical cord blood, mobilized peripheral blood, bone marrow), @entity2280 + enriched or depleted subsets of these, and outgrowth cell populations from these. An established sponge implant angiogenesis model was adapted to determine the effects of different @entity1 cells on vascularization of implants in @entity465 @entity19 . Angiogenesis was quantified by vessel density and species of origin by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity2280 + cells from mobilized peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood @entity1583 were the only cells to promote new vessel growth, but did not incorporate into vessels. Only endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) incorporated into vessels, but these did not promote vessel growth. CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that, since EPC are very rare, any benefit seen in clinical trials of @entity1583 in therapeutic vascular regeneration is predominantly mediated by indirect proangiogenic effects rather than through direct incorporation of any rare EPC contained within these sources. It should be possible to produce autologous EOC for therapeutic use, and evaluate the effect of EPC distinct from, or in synergy with, the proangiogenic effects of @entity1583 therapies.

title: Systematic assessment in an animal model of the angiogenic potential of different XXXX cell sources for therapeutic revascularization.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hematopoietic', 'hematopoietic progenitor cells']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial and critical limb ischemias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the efficacy of @entity2816 on the overall survival of @entity1 with metastatic recurrent gynecologic @entity242 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity242 or @entity6962 of gynecologic origin and documented recurrence or persistence of disease after appropriate surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy were recruited to the study. All @entity1 were ambulatory and had measurable disease that could be documented on CT scan. @entity1 were started on 200 mg/day of @entity2816 orally every night and escalated by 100-200 mg every 7 to 14 days. The length of the treatment was separated into 2 cycles with the first 84 days defined as the first cycle and the next 56 days as the second cycle. Common @entity137 Criteria were used to record @entity137 . Because @entity2816 was postulated to induce cytostasis, the end-points were progression-free and overall survival in this mixed group of @entity1 . RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were enrolled. The drug was not well tolerated because of @entity1142 , @entity1295 , worsening performance status, drowsiness and @entity25 . The total dosage of medication given to each @entity1 ranged from 3200 mg to 40,500 mg. The maximum dosage reached in each @entity1 ranged from 300 mg to 750 mg, with the total time of treatment ranging from 13 to 99 days. All @entity1 had progression of disease with a median progression-free survival time of 1.84 months (CI 1.54-2.79 months) and a median overall survival of 6.64 months. DISCUSSION: @entity2816 has no activity in @entity1 with advanced or recurrent gynecologic @entity242 and was not well-tolerated. The overall survival was <7 months. The progression-free survival was <3 months, and, since the therapy was not tolerated well, we unanimously decided to close the study at this point. Despite the poor result, we still believe in the strategy of anti-angiogenesis and will continue to pursue other potential treatment options using the same concept.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX for advanced and recurrent gynecologic sarcoma: a brief communication from the New York Phase II consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['thalidomide']


abstract: Ten percent of @entity1 @entity1252 occur in @entity1 as a result of treatment with certain medications. H-2s @entity19 can produce autoantibodies following treatment with various drugs or heavy metals and they are a potential animal model of @entity910 . We have examined nine anti-chromatin monoclonal antibodies (mAb) from A.SW @entity19 that had been treated with either @entity2361 or @entity5126 , two lupus-inducing drugs in @entity1 . These mAb are specific either for DNA or histone-DNA complexes corresponding to nucleo-specific either for DNA or histone-DNA complexes corresponding to nucleosomes or subnucleosome particles. Only one mAb reacts with an unknown chromatin antigen. The V region sequences of six of these mAb were studied and are notable by several features. As previously observed in spontaneous autoantibodies to DNA or histone-DNA complexes, @entity369 or @entity2734 residues are found at critical locations throughout the V regions. Many of these residues, potentially important for binding to DNA or DNA-histone complexes, result either from somatic mutations or atypical VH-D-JH rearrangements. Another significant characteristic is that the VH genes of several @entity2361 - or @entity5126 -induced mAb are most similar to those of anti-nucleolar mAb obtained from @entity349 -injected A.SW @entity19 . The implications of these findings for the pathogenesis of spontaneous or induced @entity792 are discussed.

title: XXXX - and @entity5126 -induced antinuclear antibodies in A.SW (H-2s) @entity19 : similarities with autoantibodies in spontaneous and heavy metal-induced @entity792 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced lupus']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: The maintenance of optimal cognitive function is a central feature of healthy aging. Impairment in brain @entity413 uptake is common in aging associated @entity73 , but little is known of how this problem arises or whether it can be corrected or bypassed. Several aspects of the challenge to providing the brain with an adequate supply of fuel during aging seem to relate to @entity9539 . For instance, low intake of @entity9539 , especially @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), is becoming increasingly associated with several forms of @entity73 in the elderly, particularly @entity195 . Brain @entity4601 level seems to be an important regulator of brain @entity413 uptake, possibly by affecting the activity of some but not all the @entity413 transporters. @entity4601 synthesis from either @entity7461 (ALA) or @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) is very low in @entity1 begging the question of whether these @entity4601 precursors are likely to be helpful in maintaining cognition during aging. We speculate that ALA and @entity8393 may well have useful supporting roles in maintaining brain function during aging but not by their conversion to @entity4601 . ALA is an efficient ketogenic @entity844 , while @entity8393 promotes @entity844 oxidation. By helping to produce @entity6178 bodies, the effects of ALA and @entity8393 could well be useful in strategies intended to use @entity16623 to bypass problems of impaired @entity413 access to the brain during aging. Hence, it may be time to consider whether the main @entity9539 have distinct but complementary roles in brain function.

title: XXXX , energy substrates, and brain function during aging.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9539 :: (MESH:D015525,Chemical) :: ['Omega-3 fatty acids']


abstract: AIMS: To compare Maori and European utilisation of a specialist @entity2412 screening clinic. METHOD: All subjects attending the Christchurch specialist @entity2412 screening clinic over a 16 month period were asked to complete a questionnaire, which included data on age, ethnicity and @entity6 treatment. The frequency of clinic attendance by age and ethnic group was then compared to the number of @entity1 in the general population, in the clinic catchment area. RESULTS: Of the 1356 subjects attending the complications screening clinic over the study period, 1347 completed the questionnaire. 1228 of the 1347 subjects (91.2%) were European and 84 (6.2%) were Maori. In the age range 45-64 years, Maori clinic attendance per 1000 general population was 25.6, compared to 7.57 per 1000 for Europeans. On a population basis, there were thus 3.4 times more Maori than Europeans attending the clinic. This figure is comparable with results from recent studies, which indicate that the prevalence of @entity6 in this age range is about 3 to 5 times higher in Maori, compared to Europeans. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study failed to demonstrate evidence of inequality of health care utilisation, quantitative measures of utilisation are but one dimension of access to health care. Another dimension of health care access discussed in this paper, is the differing health care needs of different ethnic groups.

title: Comparison of Maori and European access to the Christchurch specialist XXXX screening clinic.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complication']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetes complication']


abstract: The spinal projection patterns of spermatic polymodal receptors were studied by intracellular labeling of functionally identified @entity235 dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons with @entity11297 -leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). The processes of 2 @entity7183 and 1 A-delta-fiber spermatic polymodal receptor neurons were labeled well enough to trace their central terminations. The labeled @entity7183 DRG neurons were of medium size (mean diameter 36.8 and 40.7 microns). On entering the spinal cord, axons of the C-polyclonal receptors divided into rostral and caudal main branches that extended over 3 spinal segments (20 and 25 mm, respectively), and issued a total of 16 and 15 collaterals, respectively. The majority of collaterals ran in or along the lateral surface, but both neurons had 1 or 2 collaterals or terminal branches running through the middle, or along the medial surface of the dorsal horn. @entity4 and en passant enlargements were observed mainly in laminae I, V, and VII. Some @entity7183 terminations appeared in lamina II and the adjacent lateral column. The A-delta polymodal receptor had a termination pattern similar to that of the @entity7183 units with the exception of a shorter distance over which its 13 identified collaterals were issued (10 mm), and continuation of the rostral main branch into Lissauer's tract (traced for 3.6 mm) after all branches appeared. Two terminal branches were found running just above the central canal in another A-delta neuron in which termination could be only partially traced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spinal termination patterns of XXXX identified A-delta and C spermatic polymodal receptors traced by intracellular labeling with @entity11297 -leucoagglutinin.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Terminal swellings']

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Transient @entity1778 of Down syndrome ( @entity1467 ), also known as @entity6961 of Down syndrome (DS) and transient @entity1685 of DS, occurs in approximately 10% of DS neonates and in phenotypically normal neonates with trisomy 21 mosaicism. In @entity1467 , peripheral blood analysis shows variable numbers of blasts and, usually, @entity882 ; other @entity1503 are uncommon. Bone marrow characteristics of @entity1467 are, likewise, variable, though (in contrast to other @entity1778 ) the bone marrow blast differential can be lower than the peripheral blood blast differential. The blasts of @entity1467 typically show light microscopic, ultrastructural, and flow cytometric evidence of megakaryocyte differentiation. @entity1467 neonates have a approximately 15% risk of developing potentially fatal @entity409 and show <10% incidence of @entity4296 . Additional manifestations of @entity1467 include cutaneous involvement, hyperviscosity, @entity4018 , @entity177 , @entity381 , and spleen @entity39 . Despite its typical transient nature, 20% to 30% of @entity1467 @entity1 develop overt (nontransient) @entity3052 , usually within 3 years and typically of the M7 phenotype ( @entity10706 ). The pathogenesis of @entity1467 (and of subsequent @entity3052 ) involves mutation of @entity3421 (on chromosome X), which normally encodes a transcription factor integral to normal development of erythroid, megakaryocytic, and basophilic/mast cell lines. The pathogenetic role of trisomy 21 in @entity1467 is unclear. Though indications for chemotherapy in @entity1467 have not been firmly established, the blasts of @entity1467 are sensitive to low-dose @entity2592 .

title: Transient @entity1778 ( XXXX , transient @entity1685 ) of Down syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1685 :: ('MESH:C563551', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal myelopoiesis']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary failure']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10706 :: ('MESH:D007947', 'Disease') :: ['acute megakaryoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['transient myeloproliferative disorder']

answer: @entity6961 :: (MESH:D009196,Disease) :: ['transient myeloproliferative disorder']