abstract: There is increasing evidence that many @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity0 , are driven and maintained by @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) which mediate tumor @entity3 and contribute to treatment resistance and relapse. Our group was the first to describe " @entity0 stem cells" (BCSCs) characterized by expression of the cell surface markers ESA and @entity1759 and the absence of expression of the marker @entity11707 . More recently, we have demonstrated that @entity0 cells contain subpopulations with stem cell properties that can be isolated by virtue of their expression of @entity264 dehydrogenase (ALDH) as assessed by the Aldefluor assay. Interestingly, these markers identify overlapping, but not identical cell populations. Recent studies have suggested similarities between @entity5 stem cells and the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) state. Our studies suggest that both normal and malignant breast stem cells exist in distinct, inter-convertible states (EMT and MET), the inter-conversion of which is regulated by microRNAs. EMT-like CSCs have a mesenchymal morphology, are largely quiescent, invasive and characterized by expression of the CSC markers @entity11707 (-) @entity1759 (+) and are EpCAM(-)CD49f(+). In contrast, the MET (mesenchymal epithelial transition) state of CSCs is characterized by active self-renewal and expression of the CSC markers ALDH and EpCAM(+)CD49f(+). A subpopulation of cells expressing both @entity11707 (-) @entity1759 (+) and ALDH may represent cells in transition between these states. This transition is regulated by signals originating in the microenvironment which in turn modulate microRNA networks in the CSC populations. The existence of multiple stem cell states suggests the necessity of developing therapeutic strategies capable of effectively targeting CSCs in all of these states. In addition, since CSC states are regulated by miRNAs, these small non-coding RNAs may be useful therapeutic agents to target CSCs.

title: Role of microRNAs in the regulation of XXXX stem cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['Aldehyde']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that bone marrow adipose tissue might play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity170 . There are inconsistent findings on the relationship among marrow fat content, bone mineral density and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). This study aimed to prospectively explore the efficacy of @entity90 ( @entity90 ) and diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) in detecting vertebral marrow changes in postmenopausal @entity1 with varying bone densities. METHODS: Both @entity90 and DWI of the lumber spine were performed in 102 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age, (67.3 +/- 6.5) years; range, 55 - 83 years), who underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry. Marrow fat content and ADC were compared and correlated among three groups: 24 with normal bone density, 31 with @entity2331 and 47 with @entity170 . RESULTS: Vertebral marrow fat content was significantly increased in the osteoporotic group ((65.60 +/- 7.68)%, P < 0.001) and the osteopenic group ((57.68 +/- 6.45)%, P < 0.001), when compared with the normal bone density group ((51.67 +/- 3.27)%). ADC values were significantly decreased in the osteoporotic group ((0.39 +/- 0.03) x 10(-3)mm(2)/s, P < 0.001) and in the osteopenic group ((0.42 +/- 0.02) x 10(-3)mm(2)/s, P < 0.001), when compared with the normal bone density group ((0.47 +/- 0.03) x 10(-3)mm(2)/s). The marrow fat content negatively correlated with both bone density (r = -0.731, P < 0.001) and marrow ADC (r = -0.572, P < 0.001). The bone density positively correlated with the ADC values (r = 0.802, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Postmenopausal @entity1 experience a corresponding increase in vertebral marrow fat content as the bone density decreases. Marrow fat content and ADC correlate to the bone density. @entity90 and DWI may indirectly assess the early bone marrow changes in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Assessment of bone marrow changes in postmenopausal XXXX with varying bone densities: magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'MR spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A number of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines have been described as being invasive and metastatic in immune incompetent animals. However, it is difficult to assess metastatic spread of a subcutaneously injected or inoculated cell line, since an exact detection of all microfoci of @entity1 @entity5 cells in the animals by usual histological procedures would require extensive sectioning of the whole animal. To overcome this problem, we transduced @entity1 @entity0 cells with a replication-defective Moloney murine @entity1778 retroviral vector (M-MuLV) containing both neoR ( @entity5154 resistance) and lacZ genes. The resulting cell lines were selected for antibiotic (G418) resistance, and cell-sorted for lacZ expression. lacZ continued to be expressed in cultured cells for at least 20 passages without further G418 selection. The lacZ gene codes for beta-D-galactosidase, and cells expressing this gene stain blue with the chromogenic substrate X-gal. The lacZ-expressing cells retained the pre-transduction ability to traverse Matrigel in vitro, to form subcutaneous @entity5 in @entity19 , and to grow invasively with the formation of @entity3 . X-gal staining showed high specificity, staining the @entity5 cells but not the surrounding @entity19 tissue on either whole tissue blocks or histological sections. The staining procedure was highly sensitive, allowing detection of microfoci of @entity1 @entity5 cells, and quantitative estimation of the metastatic capacity of the cells. These results indicate that lacZ transduction of @entity1 @entity5 cells is a powerful means of studying @entity1 @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 in vivo.

title: lacZ transduced @entity1 XXXX xenografts as an in vivo model for the study of invasion and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity730 ( @entity730 )/ @entity13375 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 requiring renal replacement. Once thought to be rare, it is being increasingly recognized and reported on a global scale. The uremic milieu predisposes to multiple metabolic @entity137 including increased levels of reactive @entity26 species and @entity32 . Increased oxidative stress and @entity32 promote this arteriolopathy by adversely affecting endothelial function resulting in a prothrombotic milieu and significant remodeling effects on vascular smooth muscle cells. These arteriolar pathological effects include intimal @entity1373 , @entity32 , endovascular @entity82 and vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and differentiation into bone forming osteoblast-like cells resulting in @entity730 . Systemic factors promoting this vascular condition include elevated @entity460 , parathyroid hormone, and @entity2265 with consequent increases in the @entity460 x @entity4613 product. The uremic milieu contributes to a marked increased in upstream reactive @entity26 species - oxidative stress and subsequent downstream increased @entity32 , in part, via activation of the nuclear transcription factor @entity2451 and associated downstream cytokine pathways. Consitutive anti-calcification proteins such as Fetuin-A and matrix GLA proteins and their signaling pathways may be decreased, which further contributes to medial @entity729 . The resulting clinical entity is @entity158 , debilitating and contributes to the excess morbidity and mortality associated with @entity740 and @entity454 . These same histopathologic conditions also occur in @entity1 without @entity5507 and therefore, the term @entity730 could be utilized in these conditions.

title: @entity730 : pathophysiology, reactive XXXX species and therapeutic approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcific uremic arteriolopathy', 'CUA', 'medial calcification', 'calcific obliterative arteriolopathy']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['calciphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Phenomenological research indicates that disturbance of the basic sense of self may be a core phenotypic marker of @entity161 spectrum disorders. Basic self-disturbance refers to a disruption of the sense of ownership of experience and agency of action and is associated with a variety of anomalous subjective experiences. In this study, we investigated the presence of basic self-disturbance in an "ultra high risk" (UHR) for @entity716 sample compared with a healthy control sample and whether it predicted transition to @entity914 . METHODS: Forty-nine UHR @entity1 and 52 matched healthy control @entity1 were recruited to the study. @entity1 were assessed for basic self-disturbance using the Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience (EASE) instrument. UHR @entity1 were followed for a mean of 569 days. RESULTS: Levels of self-disturbance were significantly higher in the UHR sample compared with the healthy control sample (P < .001). Cox regression indicated that total EASE score significantly predicted time to transition (P < .05) when other significant predictors were controlled for. Exploratory analyses indicated that basic self-disturbance scores were higher in @entity161 spectrum cases, irrespective of transition to @entity716 , than nonschizophrenia spectrum cases. DISCUSSION: The results indicate that identifying basic self-disturbance in the UHR population may provide a means of further "closing in" on individuals truly at high risk of @entity914 , particularly of @entity161 spectrum disorders. This may be of practical value by reducing inclusion of "false positive" cases in UHR samples and of theoretical value by shedding light on core phenotypic features of @entity161 spectrum pathology.

title: Basic self-disturbance predicts XXXX onset in the ultra high risk for @entity716 "prodromal" population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Previous studies showed that when the signal sequence plus 9 @entity535 residues from the @entity1472 terminus of the major lipoprotein of @entity526 was fused to beta-lactamase, the resulting hybrid protein was modified, proteolytically processed, and assembled into the outer membrane as was the wild-type lipoprotein (Ghrayeb, J., and Inouye, M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 463-467). We have constructed several hybrid proteins with mutations at the cleavage site of the prolipoprotein signal peptide. These mutations are known to block the lipid modification of the lipoprotein at the @entity462 residue, resulting in the accumulation of unprocessed, unmodified prolipoprotein in the outer membrane. The mutations blocked the lipid modification of the hybrid protein. However, in contrast to the mutant lipoproteins, the cleavage of the signal peptides for the mutant hybrid proteins did occur, although less efficiently than the unaltered prolipo-beta-lactamase. The mutant prolipo-beta-lactamase proteins were cleaved at a site 5 @entity535 residues downstream of the prolipoprotein signal peptide cleavage site. This new cleavage between @entity493 and @entity376 residues was resistant to @entity14241 , a specific inhibitor for signal peptidase II. This indicates that signal peptidase II, the signal peptidase which cleaves the unaltered prolipo-beta-lactamase, is not responsible for the new cleavage. The results demonstrate that the cleavage of the signal peptide is a flexible process that can occur by an alternative pathway when the normal processing pathway is blocked.

title: An alternate pathway for the processing of the prolipoprotein signal peptide in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity14241 :: ('MESH:C017339', 'Chemical') :: ['globomycin']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity632 / @entity1732 / @entity5713 / @entity2699 (ABVD) plus involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) is the gold-standard treatment for early and advanced stages of @entity978 ( @entity978 ). We evaluated the outcomes of @entity1 according to prognosis at diagnosis and over time to determine who achieved complete remission (CR). @entity1 AND METHODS: Treatment-naive @entity1 under the age of 75 years at all stages of @entity978 were eligible. The favorable group (FG) contained @entity1 with @entity5 without bulky areas who achieved CR after the third cycle of ABVD. They received only IFRT at 25 Gy. @entity1 in the unfavorable group (UG) exhibited stages IIIB and IV @entity978 . The UG also included all @entity1 with bulky disease and the subset of the FG without CR after 3 cycles of ABVD, ie, slow responders (FGSR). The UG received 6 cycles of ABVD plus IFRT at 30 Gy to bulky areas at diagnosis or to those areas remaining positive after the third cycle of ABVD. RESULTS: In total, 584 @entity1 were evaluable: 285 of them belonged to the FG, and 299 to the UG. Rates of CR were 98% and 85% for the FG and the UG, respectively (P < .001). Sixty @entity1 in the FG received 6 cycles of ABVD because they had not achieved CR after 3 cycles (ie, the FGSR subgroup). The 5-year event-free survival rate was 89% for the FG, 66% for the FGSR, and 72% for the UG (P < .001). The overall survival at 5 years was significantly better for the FG (98%) than for the FGSR (87%) and the UG (88%; P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 from the FG demonstrated excellent outcomes compared with those from the FGSR and UG, despite receiving less chemotherapy and fewer doses of IFRT.

title: Risk-adapted therapy with three or six cycles of XXXX / @entity1732 / @entity5713 / @entity2699 plus involved-field radiation therapy in @entity978 , based on prognosis at diagnosis and early response: results from the GATLA study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IA-IIIA disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is a rare condition in which cyst is found within a vessel, typically producing symptoms of vascular compromise. Most commonly located in the popliteal artery near the knee, it has been reported in arteries and veins throughout the body. Its pathogenesis has been poorly understood and various surgical approaches have been recommended. We extrapolated some recent information about a similar condition, intraneural @entity4494 affecting the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve, to the prototype, @entity66 of the popliteal artery. In intraneural @entity4494 affecting the deep fibular nerve we have shown that an articular (neural) branch is the conduit between the superior tibiofibular joint and the main parent nerve for which epineurial dissection of joint fluid can occur. We hypothesized that the same principles would apply to @entity66 and that an articular (vascular) branch would be the conduit from the knee joint leading to dissection to the main parent vessel. We reviewed five @entity1 with @entity66 of the popliteal artery in whom MRIs were available: two treated by the primary author well familiar with the proposed articular theory, and three treated by others at our institution, less familiar with it. We then reviewed the literature critically to assess for additional evidence to support our articular (synovial) theory and an anatomic explanation. In the two cases treated by the primary author a joint connection was identified on high resolution MRI prospectively and intraoperatively through the middle genicular artery (MGA); postoperatively in these cases there was no recurrence. In the other three cases, a joint connection was not identified on imaging or at operation. Reinterpretation of these cases revealed a joint connection through the MGA in the one @entity1 who had preoperative imaging and subclinical persistence/recurrence in the two @entity1 who underwent postoperative MRIs done for other reasons. Our review of the literature and imaging studies revealed unrecognized joint connections in @entity66 to the knee and other joints as well as evidence that the MGA is the conduit in cases of @entity66 of the popliteal artery. We believe that adventitial cysts originate in neighboring joints and dissect within articular (vascular) branches. In our opinion, the unifying articular theory and the principles introduced for intraneural @entity4494 apply equally to common and rare sites of adventitial cysts.

title: Evidence to support that adventitial cysts, analogous to intraneural XXXX , are also joint-connected.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cysts', 'ganglion cyst']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic adventitial disease', 'CAD']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['ganglion cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity and safety of the combination of @entity1206 (VNR) and @entity416 (CAP) as first-line treatment in @entity1722 -negative (HER(-)) @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (42) enrolled in trial A received intravenous (i.v.) VNR 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle combined with CAP 1000 mg/m2 twice daily for 14 consecutive days followed by 1 week of rest. Trial B (46 @entity1 ) followed trial A when the oral formulation of VNR became available at our institution. @entity1 received oral VNR (60 mg/m(2) on days 1-8) combined with the same CAP schedule as in trial A. RESULTS: The response rate (RR) in trial A was 73.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 56.4-82.8), including 12.2% complete responses (CRs). Clinical benefit was achieved in 78% of @entity1 (95% CI, 63.2-87.9). In trial B, overall RR was 76% (95% CI, 62.0-86.0), with 13% CRs and clinical benefit of 80.4% (95% CI, 66.8-89.3). In trial A, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8.2 months (range, 6-14+ months) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 32.4 months (range, 17-36+ months). In trial B, median PFS and @entity1349 were 8.8 months (range, 8-21+ months) and 34.3 months (14-39+ months), respectively. Treatment-related @entity137 was manageable. Quality of life assessment showed a statistically significant difference regarding body image (p = .001), sexual functioning (p = .02), and future perspectives (p = .03) in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy fully by the oral route. CONCLUSION: This joint analysis shows that both tested schedules can produce high objective RRs with encouraging PFS, manageable @entity137 profile, and suggested benefit on some aspects of quality of life for the fully oral combination.

title: Intravenous or oral @entity1206 plus @entity416 as first-line treatment in XXXX - @entity0 : joint analysis of 2 consecutive prospective phase II trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: Survival following a diagnosis of @entity195 is important information for health planners, caregivers, @entity1 , and their families. @entity195 is associated with variable, but shortened life expectancy. Knowing the expected survival time may empower @entity1 with @entity195 and their families, but clinicians currently have limited predictive information. A better knowledge about prognosis in @entity1 affected by @entity195 and @entity74 should be of paramount importance in order to improve care plans and assist in medical decisions, above all for @entity1 in the moderate-severe stages of the disease. Life expectancy for @entity1 with @entity195 can vary between 3 to 10 years. Many studies have tried to identify predictive factors that can be of help for clinicians. The main predictor of life expectancy is the age. Therefore caregivers, @entity1 , and their families could plan on a median life span as long as 7 to 10 years for @entity1 whose conditions are diagnosed when they are in their 60s and early 70s, to only about 3 years or less for @entity1 whose conditions are diagnosed when they are in their 90s. @entity303 with prominent @entity146 -behavioral manifestations and @entity73 have a faster progression compared to @entity195 . However the many variables that influence life expectancy make difficult to define prognosis at the bedside and more studies are needed to assist clinicians in they daily routine with @entity1 and caregivers.

title: Life expectancy in XXXX ( @entity195 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementias']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['gait impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Resistant (or refractory) @entity101 ( @entity25381 ) is a clinical diagnosis based on blood pressure (BP) office measurements. About one third of subjects with suspected @entity25381 have indeed pseudo-resistant @entity101 and 24-h ambulatory-blood pressure-monitoring aids to precisely identify them. Our aim was to determine those clinical, laboratory or echocardiographic variables that may be associated with subjects with sustained @entity101 (namely true @entity25381 ). We carried out a cross-sectional analysis of 143 @entity1 consecutively enrolled with the clinical diagnosis of @entity25381 . All @entity1 underwent clinical-demographic, laboratory evaluation, 2D-echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory-blood pressure-monitoring. Pseudo-resistant @entity101 or white-coat @entity25381 was defined if office BP was > or =140 and/or 90 mm Hg and 24-h BP <130/80 mm Hg. One-hundred and three (72%) @entity1 had true @entity25381 and 40 (28%) @entity1 had white-coat @entity25381 . True @entity25381 @entity1 had significantly higher @entity6 prevalence and @entity551 (SBP) levels. Regarding target organ damage, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and 24-h urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were also higher in true @entity25381 after adjustment for possible confounders (P=0.031 and P=0.012, respectively). In a logistic regression analysis, only office-SBP (multivariate OR (95%CI): 1.030 (1.003-1.057), P=0.030) and UAE (multivariate OR (95% CI): 2.376 (1.225-4.608), P=0.010) were independently associated with true @entity25381 . We conclude that true resistant @entity101 is associated with silent target organ damage, especially UAE. In @entity1 with suspected @entity25381 , assessment of 24 h ambulatory BP is the most accurate way to detect a population with high risk for target-organ damage.

title: Urinary albumin excretion is associated with true resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['higher office-systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low intake of nutrients is associated with poor health outcomes. We examined the contribution of dietary supplementation to meeting recommended dietary intakes of @entity460 , @entity1760 , @entity972 , and @entity620 in @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 , a cohort of white, African-American, Hispanic, and Chinese-American @entity1 ages 45 to 84 years. We also assessed the prevalence of intakes above Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs). METHODS: At the baseline exam in 2000-2001, 2,938 @entity1 and 3,299 @entity1 completed food frequency questionnaires and provided information about dietary supplementation. We used relative risk regression to estimate the probability of meeting Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) or Adequate Intakes (AIs) in supplement users vs nonusers and Fisher's exact tests to compare the proportion of those exceeding ULs between the two groups. RDAs, AIs, and ULs were defined by the National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board's Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). RESULTS: After adjustment for age and education, the relative risk of meeting RDAs or AIs in supplement-users vs nonusers ranged from 1.9 (1.6, 2.3) in white @entity1 to 5.7 (4.1, 8.0) in African-American @entity1 for @entity460 , from 2.5 (1.9, 3.3) in Hispanic @entity1 to 5.2 (2.4, 11.2) in Chinese @entity1 for @entity1760 , and from 1.4 (1.3, 1.5) in African-American @entity1 to 2.0 (1.7, 2.2) in Chinese @entity1 for @entity620 . The relative risks for meeting RDAs for @entity460 differed significantly by ethnicity (P<0.001) and sex (P<0.001), and by ethnicity for @entity1760 (P=0.01). The relative risk for each sex/ethnicity strata was close to 1 and did not reach statistical significance at alpha=.05 for @entity972 . For @entity460 , 15% of high-dose supplement users exceeded the UL compared with only 2.1% of nonusers. For @entity620 , the percentages were 6.6% and 0%, and for @entity1760 , 35.3% and 0% (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Although supplement use is associated with meeting DRI guidelines for @entity460 , @entity620 and @entity1760 , many adults are not meeting the DRI guidelines even with the help of dietary supplements, and the effect of supplementation can vary according to ethnicity and sex. However, supplementation was not significantly associated with meeting DRIs for @entity972 . Also, high-dose supplement use is associated with intakes above ULs for @entity460 , @entity1760 , and @entity620 .

title: Supplement use contributes to meeting recommended dietary intakes for @entity460 , @entity1760 , and @entity620 in four ethnicities of middle-aged and older Americans: the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24386 ( @entity24386 ) is a life-threatening complication occurring after intensive chemotherapy; however, no data are available on @entity24386 development after hematopoietic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of @entity24386 after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous @entity8 (autoSCT). METHODS: A total of 297 adult @entity1 who qualified for autoSCT with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), @entity978 , @entity1582 , and @entity3052 were analyzed. @entity1 were conditioned with @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , @entity3601 (BEAM); melphalan alone; or @entity1863 and @entity786 (BuCy2), and transplanted with peripheral blood or bone marrow @entity2280 (+) cells. Diagnosis of @entity24386 was established in case of @entity221 , @entity490 or @entity294 , and bowel wall thickening >4 mm on abdominal sonography. RESULTS: @entity281 occurred in 262 @entity1 (88%). @entity24386 was diagnosed in 32 @entity1 (12%), a median +3 (1-5) days after @entity8 . @entity281 were present in 18 @entity1 , with gram-negative bacteria in 11 @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated conservatively with carbapenems and total parenteral nutrition with bowel rest. The course of disease was complicated by ileus or @entity326 in 9 @entity1 , and was fatal for 3 (9.6%) @entity1 . In univariate analysis, the initial diagnosis of @entity1893 (P = 0.017) and conditioning with BEAM (P = 0.043) had prognostic value. In multivariate analysis, only initial diagnosis of @entity1893 (P = 0.017) had prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24386 is a rare but severe complication in @entity1 undergoing autoSCT. Gram-negative bacteria remain the main causative pathogen. Abdominal sonography allows early diagnosis and treatment, effective in most of @entity1 without surgery. In our analysis, @entity24386 was seen more often in @entity1893 @entity1 treated with a BEAM regimen.

title: XXXX after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous @entity8 : incidence, risk factors, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity24386 :: ('MESH:D044504', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic enterocolitis', 'NE']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Bloodstream infections', 'Neutropenic infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity24386 :: (MESH:D044504,Disease) :: ['Neutropenic enterocolitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test for a possible correlation between high-grade acute @entity137 during primary radio(chemo)therapy and treatment outcome in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: From 05/1994 to 01/2009, 216 @entity213 @entity1 were treated with radio(chemo)therapy in primary approach. They received normofractionated (2 Gy/fraction) irradiation including associated nodal drainage sites to a cumulative dose of 70 Gy. 151 @entity1 received additional concomitant chemotherapy (111 @entity1 5- @entity1487 / @entity1138 , 40 @entity1 @entity900 -based). @entity137 during treatment was monitored weekly according to the Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC), and any @entity137 grade CTC >or= 3 of @entity33 , @entity1282 or skin reaction was assessed as high-grade acute @entity137 for later analysis. RESULTS: A statistically significant coherency between high-grade acute @entity137 and overall survival as well as locoregional control was found: @entity1 with CTC >or= 3 acute @entity137 had a 5-year overall survival rate of 44% compared to 8% in @entity1 without (p < 0.01). Thereby, multivariate analyses revealed that the correlation was independent of other possible prognostic factors or factors that may influence treatment @entity137 , especially concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy technique or treatment-planning procedure. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that normal tissue and @entity5 tissue may behave similarly with respect to treatment response, as high-grade acute @entity137 during radio(chemo)therapy showed to be an independent prognostic marker in the own @entity1 population. However, the authors are aware of the fact that a multivariate analysis in a retrospective study generally has statistical limitations. Therefore, their hypothesis should be further analyzed on biomolecular and clinical levels and other @entity5 entities in prospective trials.

title: High-grade acute XXXX as positive prognostic factor in primary radio(chemo)therapy for locally advanced, inoperable head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'organ toxicity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['organ toxicity']


abstract: The indications for and findings in 431 consecutive @entity1 who had upper @entity344 in Zaria from June 1978 to August 1982 are reviewed. The major indications were @entity2210 (78.1%), @entity548 (12.1%) and portal @entity101 (4.2%). Other indications were persistent @entity391 , @entity1282 and abdominal masses. The mean age of the @entity1 was 32 years. The male: female ratio (3:1) was not different from that in the hospital population. There were no abnormal findings in 32.7%. 26.6% had duodenal ulcers. @entity9317 was noted in 24.8%, oesophageal varices in 6.3%, @entity3621 in 6.3% and @entity357 in 4.6%. In those who presented with @entity360 , oesophageal varices (34.6%) and peptic ulcer (17.3%) were the commonest findings. Complication seen commonly were soreness in the throat and @entity2268 at the site of valium injection. One @entity204 was recorded from the procedure over the period.

title: Upper XXXX in Zaria, northern Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastro-intestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatus hernia']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenitis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders form a significant proportion of the population in far north Queensland and are at increased risk for many eye conditions. This study describes the pattern of @entity364 seen at Cairns Base Hospital, far north Queensland, Australia. METHODS: A retrospective review of all cases of culture positive @entity364 presenting between 1998 and 2008. The records of 17 @entity1 were reviewed for epidemiological, risk factor, microbiological, treatment and outcome data. RESULTS: The study included 16 eyes from 16 @entity1 . Five (31.25%) @entity1 were of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent. Pre-disposing factors were @entity2194 (n = 7) and contact lens wear (n = 3). No @entity1 were on topical @entity230 at presentation. All @entity1 grew filamentous fungi with Fusarium the most common isolate (50%). Aspergillus, Curvularia and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the next most common accounting for two cases each. Two @entity1 developed @entity1035 , whereas two required penetrating keratoplasty and one required evisceration. Eight @entity1 had a visual acuity of 6/18 or better at presentation and this increased to 13 @entity1 at final follow up. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of the @entity1 presenting to Cairns Base Hospital with @entity364 are Indigenous. The very high percentage of cases due to filamentous fungi is similar to other tropical regions of the world. The very low rates of @entity6923 and @entity479 use prior to presentation are in contrast to studies from temperate areas such as Melbourne and Philadelphia.

title: XXXX in far north Queensland, Australia.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity1035 :: ('MESH:D057112', 'Disease') :: ['corneal perforations']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal keratitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2650 is a common @entity600 whose etiology is based upon perturbation of normal penile development. The @entity19 has been previously used as a model of @entity2650 , despite an unacceptably wide range of definitions for this @entity600 . The current paper presents objective criteria and a definition of @entity19 @entity2650 . Accordingly, @entity4742 ( @entity35937 ) induced @entity546 were examined at 60 days postnatal (P60) in @entity19 treated with @entity35937 over the age range of 12 days embryonic to 20 days postnatal (E12-P20). @entity35937 -induced @entity2650 involves @entity600 of the urethral meatus, which is most severe in @entity35937 E12-P10, @entity35937 P0-P10 and @entity35937 P5-P15 groups, and less so or absent in the other treatment groups. A frenulum-like ventral tether between the penis and the prepuce was seen in the most severely affected @entity35937 -treated @entity19 . Internal penile morphology was also altered in the @entity35937 E12-P10, @entity35937 P0-P10 and @entity35937 P5-P15 groups (with little effect in the other @entity35937 treatment groups). Thus, adverse effects of @entity35937 are a function of the period of @entity35937 treatment and most severe in the P0-P10 period. In " @entity172 mutant @entity19 " (NERKI, bERKO, aERKO and AROM+) @entity2650 was only seen in AROM+ male @entity19 having genetically-engineered elevation is serum @entity172 . Significantly, @entity19 @entity2650 was only seen distally at and near the urethral meatus where epithelial fusion events are known to take place and never in the penile midshaft, where urethral formation occurs via an entirely different morphogenetic process.

title: @entity19 XXXX : A critical examination and definition.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile malformations']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The origin of recurrences of @entity5123 after initial surgical treatment is discussed. In this study mesenchymal and epithelial tumorcomponents were immunhistochemically stained in recurrent and nonrecurrent @entity652 . In addition the proliferation activity was assessed. METHODS: Twelve nonrecurrent @entity652 (10 of the parotid gland, 2 of the submandibular gland) and 18 recurrent @entity652 (15 of the parotid gland, 3 of the submandibular gland) were immunhistochemically stained with a @entity1758 antibody against the cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen (Ki-67 antigen). The proliferation index ( @entity1758 positive cells per 100 cells) was calculated separately for each @entity5 component. RESULTS: The mean value (x) of the proliferation indices of the component with epithelial differentiation was 4.67 (recurrent group, standard deviation [SD]: 3.14) and x = 2.34 respectively (nonrecurrent group, SD = 1.83). The difference between the mean values was significant (p = 0.028). For the component with mesenchymal differentiation the values were x = 0.33 (for recurrent @entity652 , SD = 0.59) and x = 0.17 (nonrecurrent @entity652 , SD = 0.39) respectively. The difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation activity is markedly higher in components with epithelial differentiation of recurrent @entity652 compared to nonrecurrent @entity5 . The results demonstrate the @entity5 component with epithelial differentiation as a possible origin for recurrence.

title: [Proliferative activity in recurrent and nonrecurrent XXXX of the salivary glands].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas']

answer: @entity5123 :: (MESH:D008949,Disease) :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']


abstract: @entity196 ( @entity196 ) pairing of homologous chromosomes in @entity3505 intercultivar hybrids (heterohomologous chromosomes) is usually reduced relative to that within the inbred parental cultivars (euhomologous chromosomes). It was proposed elsewhere that this phenomenon is caused by polymorphism in @entity377 sequences (nonstructural chromosome variation) among @entity3505 cultivars. The distribution of this polymorphism along chromosome arm 6Bp (=6BS) of cultivars Chinese Spring and Cheyenne was investigated. A population of potentially recombinant chromosomes derived from crossing over between telosome 6Bp of Chinese Spring and Cheyenne chromosome 6B was developed in the isogenic background of Chinese Spring. The approximate length of the Chinese Spring segment present in each of these chromosomes was assessed by determining for each chromosome the interval in which crossing over occurred (utilizing the rRNA gene region, a distal C-band and the gliadin gene region as markers). The @entity196 pairing frequencies of these chromosomes (only the complete chromosomes were used) with the normal Chinese Spring telosome 6Bp were determined. These were directly proportional to the length of the euhomologous segment. The longer the incorporated euhomologous segment the better was the @entity196 pairing. This provided evidence that the heterohomologous chromosomes are differentiated from each other in numerous sites distributed throughout the arm.-The comparison of the physical map of arm 6Bp with the linkage map showed a remarkable distortion of the linkage map; no crossing over was detected in the proximal 68% of the arm. A population of 49 recombinant chromosomes was assayed for recombination within the rRNA gene region, but none was detected. No new length variants of the nontranscribed spacer separating the 18S and 26S rRNA genes were detected either.

title: Distribution of Nonstructural Variation between XXXX Cultivars along Chromosome Arm 6Bp: Evidence from the Linkage Map and Physical Map of the Arm.

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Metaphase I', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Wheat']


abstract: Twenty clinical isolates of @entity5345 were compared with 10 environmental strains by using electron microscopy and agglutination assays with @entity1 erythrocytes, @entity840 erythrocytes, and @entity375 . In addition, the isolates were tested for ability to adhere to the @entity1 epithelial cell lines HEp-2 and A549. When examined by electron microscopy, 16 (80%) of the 20 clinical isolates demonstrated the presence of @entity2383 ; the composition of the bacterial populations ranged from 0 to 68% piliated cells. In contrast, only 3 (30%) of the 10 environmental isolates were piliated, with a range from 0 to 16% piliated cells. A significant association between the presence of piliated cells and the isolate source was found (P less than 0.05). None of the 30 strains agglutinated erythrocytes or @entity375 cells. @entity5345 adherence results obtained with HEp-2 cells showed 10 (50%) of 20 clinical isolates and 0 (0%) of 10 environmental isolates with averages of greater than 10 adherent bacteria per cell, demonstrating a correlation between attachment and the isolate source (P less than 0.05). Selected strains were tested to determine whether @entity6042 , @entity948 , or @entity27438 would inhibit bacterial adherence to HEp-2 cells. Multiple patterns of adherence inhibition were observed. Adherence to A549 cells showed 8 (40%) of 20 clinical isolates and 0 (0%) of 10 environmental strains with averages of greater than 10 adherent bacteria per cell. A statistical association between attachment and the isolate source was demonstrated (P less than 0.05). These data suggest that the presence of @entity2383 and the ability to adhere to @entity1 epithelial cell lines may be more closely associated with @entity5345 isolates from clinical specimens than with environmental strains.

title: Detection of @entity2383 on clinical and environmental isolates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity5345 :: ('672', 'Species') :: ['V. vulnificus', 'Vibrio vulnificus']

entities_list: @entity6042 :: ('MESH:C008466', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['piluslike structures']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Species) :: ['Vibrio vulnificus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sound-induced @entity10582 is an @entity227 --when a single flash is presented along with two or more beeps, observers report seeing two or more flashes. Previous research has shown that the @entity10582 gradually disappears as the temporal delay between auditory and visual stimuli increases, suggesting that the @entity10582 is consistent with existing temporal rules of neural activation in the superior colliculus to multisensory stimuli. However little is known about the effect of spatial incongruence, and whether the @entity10582 follows the corresponding spatial rule. If the @entity10582 occurs less strongly when auditory and visual stimuli are separated, then integrative processes supporting the @entity10582 must be strongly dependant on spatial congruence. In this case, the @entity10582 would be consistent with both the spatial and temporal rules describing response properties of multisensory neurons in the superior colliculus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The main aim of this study was to investigate the importance of spatial congruence in the flash-beep @entity10582 . Selected combinations of one to four short flashes and zero to four short 3.5 KHz tones were presented. Observers were asked to count the number of flashes they saw. After replication of the basic @entity10582 using centrally-presented stimuli, the auditory and visual components of the @entity10582 stimuli were presented either both 10 degrees to the left or right of fixation (spatially congruent) or on opposite (spatially incongruent) sides, for a total separation of 20 degrees. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The sound-induced flash fission @entity10582 was successfully replicated. However, when the sources of the auditory and visual stimuli were spatially separated, perception of the @entity10582 was unaffected, suggesting that the "spatial rule" does not extend to describing behavioural responses in this @entity10582 . We also find no evidence for an associated "fusion" @entity10582 reportedly occurring when multiple flashes are accompanied by a single beep.

title: The impact of spatial incongruence on an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['auditory-visual illusion']

entities_list: @entity10582 :: ('MESH:D007088', 'Disease') :: ['illusion', 'flash illusion']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['auditory-visual illusion']


abstract: 1. The turnover rates and oxidation rates of plasma @entity413 , @entity880 , and free @entity1718 (FFA) were measured in three @entity16341 (average mass = 40 kg) at rest or during voluntary submerged swimming in a water flume at 35% (1.3 m.s-1) and 50% (2 m.s-1) of maximum @entity26 consumption (MO2max). 2. For seals resting in water, the total turnover rates for @entity413 , @entity880 , and FFA were 23.2, 26.2, and 7.5 mumols.min-1.kg-1, respectively. Direct oxidation of these metabolites accounted for approximately 7%, 27%, and 33% of their turnover and 3%, 7%, and 18% of the total @entity855 production, respectively. 3. For swimming seals, MO2max was achieved at a drag load equivalent to a speed of 3 m.s-1 and averaged 1.85 mmol O2.min-1.kg-1, which is 9-fold greater than resting metabolism in water at 18 degrees C. 4. At 35% and 50% MO2max, @entity413 turnover and oxidation rates did not change from resting levels. @entity413 oxidation contributed about 1% of the total @entity855 production during swimming. 5. At 50% MO2max, @entity880 turnover and anaerobic @entity855 production doubled, but the steady state plasma @entity880 concentration remained low at 1.1 mM. @entity880 oxidation increased 63% but still contributed only 4% of the total @entity855 production. Anaerobic metabolism contributed about 1% of the total @entity855 production at rest and during swimming. 6. The plasma FFA concentration and turnover rate increased only 24% and 37% over resting levels, respectively, at 50% MO2max. However, the oxidation rate increased almost 3.5-fold and accounted for 85% of the turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fuel homeostasis in the XXXX during submerged swimming.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity16341 :: (9720,Species) :: ['harbor seal']


abstract: The incidence and pathomechanism of recurrent @entity1988 (RLN) after transplantation is not clearly understood. Burning out of the autoimmune process or local immunoregulatory mechanisms in the kidney may be responsible for the low incidence of recurrence. These mechanisms cannot be investigated in @entity1 subjects, due to post-transplant immunosuppression. To investigate the pathomechanisms of RLN, male and female kidneys were transplanted from FAS @entity1252 (LPR) or control (FAS intact) MRL @entity19 into either LPR or MRL recipients. Urinary protein and blood urea were assessed. Double negative (DN) lymphocyte proliferation was determined by flow cytometry. Two months after transplantation inflammatory infiltration of the glomerular, vascular and interstitial compartments were determined. Renal function as demonstrated by blood @entity1133 levels was normal in MRL recipients, but elevated in LPR recipients, independent of the donor strain. Paralleling functional results, inflammatory infiltration was mild or absent in MRL recipients of MRL grafts, and mild to moderate in MRL recipients of LPR grafts, suggesting that kidney removal from the autoimmune (LPR) environment significantly reduced @entity32 . Graft infiltration was most severe in LPR recipients: grafts were similarly inflamed independent of the donor. All LPR recipients had significantly less @entity1961 + Th cells versus MRL @entity19 . Transplantation of LPR grafts into MRL recipients reduced @entity1961 + Th cell percentage, accompanied by a slight induction of lupus autoantibody production. Our results demonstrate that @entity1988 is not kidney specific in the LPR model with recurrence after transplantation in the absence of immunosuppression.

title: @entity1988 reoccurs following transplantation in the lupus prone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['deficient lupus prone']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Thirty @entity748 @entity1 were evaluated to assess the association of therapy with inhalatory corticosteroids and an educational program, EDUCASMA. Spirometric evaluation with Flow-Volume loop (MEDICAL GRAPHIC CPF-S), ambulatory FEP (mini WRIGHT meters) was performed. In regard of initial symptoms @entity1 were qualified as moderate or severe. After two weeks of a screening period, they were randomized into 2 groups: a) @entity2715 ; b) budesonide; respective doses in according to the initial status. During the study period (8 wks) they visited the medical Staff six or more times. In each visit the @entity1 received clinical evaluation (i.e. clinical scoring), spirometry (i.e. FEV1), and FEP ambulatory revision. FEP x (mean), FEP delta, FEV1, and clinical scores values were matched at the start and at the end of the follow-up period. Non-parametric statistics were applied (Wilcoxon test) and significative changes were defined (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 1) inhalatory corticosteroids therapy associated with a previous educational program could achieve early improvements of clinical scores; 2) in moderate @entity565 ambulatory FEP showed objective changes both in @entity2715 and @entity4184 treatments. It appears to indicate increasing changes very close to the clinical improvement; 3) the short period of our observation and the inflammatory condition of airways in severe @entity565 , could be explained as probable factors for the minor differences in the FEV1 evaluation; 4) no differences between @entity4184 and @entity2715 treatment were found.

title: [Inhaled corticosteroids and XXXX education].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2715 :: ('MESH:D001507', 'Chemical') :: ['beclomethasone']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The expression of class I and class II @entity3998 products in @entity1 brain was studied. Radioimmunoassay confirmed weak expression of @entity2149 ,C and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) in brain extract. Quantitative inhibition assay showed brain had 1/70 as much activity as spleen, per microgram of extract protein. Immunoblot assay confirmed that HLA chains and @entity2262 were present in the brain extract. Class II was not detected. Microscopic analysis was performed on eight brain biopsies. The histologic appearance ranged from "apparently normal," to the presence of reactive astrocytes, to the presence of @entity5 . In every case, @entity2149 ,C and @entity2262 activity was concentrated at blood vessel walls. Small and medium-sized vessels were uniformly stained. Cell body staining was not seen in neurons, glia, oligodendrocytes, microglia, reactive astrocytes, or the majority of @entity5 cells. Class II activity was seen in occasional cell bodies in both grey matter and white matter in the microscopic assays. These cells had the morphologic appearance of microglia or reactive astrocytes. Occasional blood vessels also showed class II activity. Unlike the class I activity, the class II blood vessel stain was often discontinuous. More class II+ cell bodies were seen in @entity5 -associated tissue.

title: Monoclonal antibody analysis of @entity3998 expression in @entity1 brain biopsies: tissue ranging from "histologically normal" to that showing different levels of XXXX involvement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glial tumor']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-microglobulin', 'beta 2-m']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glial tumor']


abstract: We have evaluated 44 cases of @entity5134 @entity2259 (SB). Most took place in surgical services (57%) and the ICU (34%). In one occasion, the cases developed as an epidemic outbreak. SB basically developed in @entity1 with underlying diseases ( @entity5 in 32%, @entity299 in 16%, chronic @entity3617 in 14% and miscellaneous in 20%) in whom some invasive procedure had been carried out (98%). The most common complication was @entity326 . In 17 cases the @entity281 was polymicrobial. The most common serogroup was 0:5 (41%). 98% of strains were resistant to @entity5821 , 78% to @entity869 and 29% to @entity2890 . The mortality rate was 39% and the most common cause of death was @entity326 . The factors which adversely influenced prognosis were as follows, in order of decreasing importance: leukocytosis, @entity882 , associated gram-positive @entity281 , age older than 65 years, "non-typable" serogroup, unknown portal of entry, epidemic case and @entity326 .

title: [Nosocomial XXXX caused by @entity5134 : analysis of 44 cases].

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Four of five families are affected by @entity64 . Many caregivers access the Internet and gather healthcare information from Web-based sources. DESIGN: The purpose of this descriptive evaluation was to assess the usage and design of the Caring   Web site, which provides education/support for family caregivers of @entity1 with @entity64 residing in home settings. SAMPLE AND SETTING: Thirty-six caregivers from two Midwest states accessed this intervention in a 1-year study. The average @entity1 was 54 years old, White, @entity1 , and the spouse of the care recipient. METHODS: In a telephone interview, four Web site questions were asked twice a month/bimonthly, and a 33-item survey at the conclusion of the study evaluated the Web site usage and design of its components. Descriptive analysis methods were used, and statistics were collected on the number of visits to the Web site. RESULTS: On average, @entity1 logged on to the Web site 1-2 hours per week, although usage declined after several months for some @entity1 . @entity1 positively rated the Web site's appearance and usability that included finding the training to be adequate. CONCLUSION: Web site designers can replicate this intervention for other health conditions.

title: Usage and design evaluation by family caregivers of a XXXX intervention web site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'participant', 'Participants', 'persons']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The transcriptional regulation of @entity1521 -rich membrane anchor ( @entity30645 ), an anchoring protein of tetrameric globular form acetylcholinesterase (G(4) @entity4360 ), was revealed in muscle during myogenic differentiation under the influence of innervation. During myotube formation of C2C12 cells, the expression of @entity4360 (T) protein and the enzymatic activity were dramatically increased, but the level of G(4) @entity4360 was relatively decreased. This G(4) @entity4360 in C2C12 cells was specifically recognized by anti- @entity30645 antibody, suggesting the association of this enzyme with @entity30645 . Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the level of @entity30645 mRNA was reduced during the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Overexpression of @entity30645 in C2C12 myotubes significantly increased the production of G(4) @entity4360 . The oligomerization of G(4) @entity4360 , however, did not require the intracellular cytoplasmic tail of @entity30645 . After overexpressing the muscle regulatory factors, @entity20476 and @entity14814 , the expressions of @entity30645 and G(4) @entity4360 in cultured myotubes were markedly reduced. In addition, calcitonin gene-related peptide, a known motor neuron-derived factor, and muscular activity were able to suppress @entity30645 expression in muscle; the suppression was mediated by the phosphorylation of a @entity268 -responsive element-binding protein. In accordance with the in vitro results, sciatic nerve denervation transiently increased the expression of @entity30645 mRNA and decreased the phosphorylation of @entity268 -responsive element-binding protein as well as its activator @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in muscles. Our results suggest that the expression of @entity30645 , as well as @entity30645 -associated G(4) @entity4360 , in muscle is suppressed by muscle regulatory factors, muscular activity, and nerve-derived trophic factor(s).

title: Regulation of a transcript encoding the XXXX -rich membrane anchor of globular muscle acetylcholinesterase. The suppressive roles of myogenesis and innervating nerves.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity1521 :: (CHEBI:26271,Chemical) :: ['proline']


abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( @entity319 ) is an essential factor in @entity5 angiogenesis and in the growth of @entity788 . Immunotherapy using epitope peptide for @entity319 ( @entity319 ) that we identified previously is expected to improve the clinical outcome. Therefore, a phase I clinical trial combining of @entity319 with @entity136 was conducted for @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . @entity1 with metastatic and unresectable @entity788 were eligible for the trial. @entity136 was administered at a dose of 1000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28-day cycle. The @entity319 peptide was subcutaneously injected weekly in a dose-escalation manner (doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/body, six @entity1 /one cohort). Safety and immunological parameters were assessed. No severe adverse effect of grade 4 or higher was observed. Of the 18 @entity1 who completed at least one course of the treatment, 15 (83%) developed immunological reactions at the injection sites. Specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reacting to the @entity319 peptide were induced in 11 (61%) of the 18 @entity1 . The disease control rate was 67%, and the median overall survival time was 8.7 months. This combination therapy for @entity788 @entity1 was tolerable at all doses. Peptide-specific CTL could be induced by the @entity319 peptide vaccine at a high rate, even in combination with @entity136 . From an immunological point of view, the optimal dose for further clinical trials might be 2 mg/body or higher. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrial.gov (no. NCT 00622622).

title: Phase I clinical trial using peptide vaccine for @entity1 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in combination with @entity136 for XXXX with advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is a highly malignant @entity1313 with a poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, approximately 21-25 @entity2036 in length. Recently, some researchers have demonstrated that plasma miRNAs are sensitive and specific biomarkers of @entity5 . The primary aim of the study is to investigate whether miRNAs present in the plasma of @entity463 @entity1 can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and are associated with @entity11 classification and clinical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma samples were attained by venipuncture from 50 @entity1 and 10 healthy donors. Plasma levels of miRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The plasma levels of @entity10017 , miR-128 and miR-342-3p were significantly altered in @entity463 @entity1 compared to normal controls and could discriminate @entity11 from healthy controls with high specificity and sensitivity. However, these three miRNAs were not significantly changed in @entity1 with other @entity1313 such as @entity1653 or @entity977 . Furthermore, the plasma levels of these three miRNAs in @entity463 @entity1 treated by operation and chemo-radiation almost revived to normal levels. Finally, we also demonstrated that miR-128 and miR-342-3p were positively correlated with histopathological grades of @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that plasma specific miRNAs have potential use as novel biomarkers of @entity11 and may be useful in clinical management for @entity11 @entity1 .

title: Plasma specific miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various cancers']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who suffer severe @entity4808 are at higher risk for local and @entity281 . In recent years, emerging resistant pathogens have forced burn care providers world wide to search for alternative forms of treatment. Multidrug-resistant @entity794 , @entity796 , Acinetobacter spp., and various fungal strains have been the major contributors to the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Multi-drug-resistant @entity794 remains the major cause of gram-positive burn wound @entity281 world wide. Treatment strategies include @entity5084 protocols and new types of antibiotics where necessary. METHODS: We reviewed 398 severely burned @entity1 ( @entity4808 >40% total body surface area [TBSA]) admitted to our hospital between 2000 and 2006. @entity1 who did not contract multi-drug-resistant gram-negative organisms during their hospital course and received our standard antibiotic regimen- @entity2176 and @entity3400 / @entity7120 -served as controls ( @entity3400 / @entity7120 ; n = 280). The treatment group consisted of @entity1 who, during their acute hospital stay, developed @entity281 with multi-drug-resistant gram-negative pathogens and were treated with @entity2176 and @entity3273 for at least three days ( @entity3273 ; n = 118). RESULTS: Gram-negative organisms continue to cause the most severe @entity281 in burn @entity1 . @entity3273 has re-emerged as a highly effective antibiotic against multiresistant @entity796 and @entity19650 . @entity1 who required @entity3273 therapy had a significantly larger average total and full-thickness burn than @entity1 treated with @entity3400 / @entity7120 and @entity2176 , and the mortality rate was significantly higher in the @entity3273 group (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the @entity3273 and @entity3400 / @entity7120 groups in the incidence of @entity2359 , @entity99 , or nephrotoxicity. The main fungal pathogens in burn @entity1 are Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Fusarium spp. A definitive diagnosis is more @entity2348 . @entity2379 and @entity5074 remain the two most important anti-fungal substances in our practice. CONCLUSIONS: Innovations in fluid management, ventilatory support, surgical care, and antimicrobial therapy have contributed to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in burn @entity1 . @entity2176 and @entity3402 are the two most important reserve antibiotics for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 infection. @entity32225 and @entity22282 have showed high effectiveness against gram-positive @entity281 . @entity3273 has re-emerged as a highly effective antibiotic against multiresistant @entity796 and @entity19650 . Current challenges include Candida, Aspergillus, and molds. The development of new agents, prudent and appropriate use of antibiotics, and better infection control protocols are paramount in the ongoing battle against multi-resistant organisms.

title: @entity281 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity3273 :: ('MESH:D003091', 'Chemical') :: ['colistin', 'Colistin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['difficult to obtain than in bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity22282 :: ('MESH:D025361', 'Chemical') :: ['streptogramins']

entities_list: @entity32225 :: ('MESH:D023303', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxazolidinones']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5084 :: ('MESH:D012298', 'Disease') :: ['rigorous isolation']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19650 :: ('MESH:D000151', 'Disease') :: ['Acinetobacter infections', 'Acinetobacter infections of burns']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['burns']


abstract: We demonstrate the establishment of a novel animal model for trigeminal @entity9 following compression of the trigeminal nerve root, which produces prolonged nociceptive behavior and @entity17 of the trigeminal nerve root. Under anesthesia, male @entity35 (200-230 g) were mounted onto a stereotaxic frame and injections of a 4% agar solution (10  l) were given to achieve compression of the trigeminal nerve root. A sham operation was performed using identical procedures but without agar injections. Nociceptive behavior was examined 3 days before and then at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 30, 40, 55, and 70 days after the surgery. Compression of the trigeminal nerve root caused mechanical @entity1931 , @entity1931 , and cold @entity56 . Mechanical @entity1931 was established within 3 days and recovered to preoperative levels on postoperative day (POD) 40. @entity1931 and cold @entity56 persisted until 55 days following compression. The compression produced focal @entity17 in the trigeminal nerve root. In the medullary dorsal horn, phospho-p38 (p-p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was found to be exclusively expressed in the microglia on POD 14. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of @entity2049 (50mg/kg) significantly blocked mechanical @entity1931 and reduced p38 MAPK activation induced by the compression of the trigeminal nerve root. Our findings suggest that prolonged nociceptive behavior following compression of the trigeminal nerve root may mimic @entity4254 in this animal model and that the activation of p38 MAPK in the microglia contributes to pain @entity56 in @entity35 that have undergone compression of the trigeminal nerve root.

title: A novel trigeminal XXXX model: compression of the trigeminal nerve root produces prolonged nociception in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'Mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: In Kampo medicine, two different formulas are effective for treating @entity1834 -tokishakuyakusan and keishibukuryogan; however, the criteria by which specialists select the appropriate formula for each @entity1 are not clear. We compared @entity1 treated with tokishakuyakusan and those with keishibukuryogan and proposed a predictive model. The study included 168 primary and secondary @entity1834 @entity1 who visited the Kampo Clinic at Keio University Hospital. We collected clinical data from 128 @entity1834 @entity1 , compared the two @entity1 groups and selected significantly different factors as potential predictors, and used logistic regression to establish a model. An external validation was performed using 40 @entity1834 @entity1 . Lightheadedness, BMI < 18.5, and a weak abdomen were significantly more frequent in the tokishakuyakusan group; tendency to sweat, @entity1931 , leg @entity1183 , a cold sensation in the lower back, a strong abdomen, and paraumbilical tenderness and resistance were more frequent in the keishibukuryogan group. The final model fitted the data well. Internally estimated accuracy was 81.2%, and a leave-one-out cross-validation estimate of accuracy was 80.5%. External validation accuracy was 85.0%. We proposed a model for predicting the use of two Kampo formulas for @entity1834 , which should be validated in prospective trials.

title: The Difference between the Two Representative Kampo Formulas for Treating XXXX : An Observational Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['heat intolerance']

answer: @entity1834 :: (MESH:D004412,Disease) :: ['Dysmenorrhea']


abstract: Endosonography (ES) was preoperatively performed in 113 @entity1 with @entity418 (group 1) and in 84 @entity1 with @entity356 (group 2). Results of imaging and histology of resected specimens were correlated according to the new (1987) TNM classification. ES was accurate in assessing the depth of @entity5 infiltration. Overall accuracy of ES for group 1 was 89% and for group 2 83%. @entity189 could be distinguished from advanced @entity5 . ES was accurate in diagnosing lymph node @entity3 (sensitivity group 1 95% and group 2 87%) but less accurate in defining inflammatory changes of lymph nodes (specificity group 1 50% and group 2 48%). The incidence of lymph node @entity3 increased with progression of the depth of @entity5 infiltration. ES is not accurate for staging distant metastasis due to the limited penetration depth of ultrasound. Thus, additional transcutaneous ultrasound or computed tomography is necessary. Routine ES-guided cytology of lymph nodes may further enhance the diagnostic accuracy of ES.

title: Endosonography in the clinical staging of esophagogastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Early carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: It has been suggested that an increased posterior tibial slope (PTS) and a narrow notch width index (NWI) increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to establish why there are conflicting reports on their significance. A total of fifty @entity1 with a ruptured ACL and 50 @entity1 with an intact ACL were included in the study. The group with @entity6151 had a statistically significantly increased PTS (p < 0.001) and a smaller NWI (p < 0.001) than the control group. When a high PTS and/or a narrow NWI were defined as risk factors for an @entity6151 , 80% of @entity1 had at least one risk factor present; only 24% had both factors present. In both groups the PTS was negatively correlated to the NWI (correlation coefficient = -0.28, p = 0.0052). Using a univariate model, PTS and NWI appear to be correlated to @entity397 of the ACL. Using a logistic regression model, the PTS (p = 0.006) and the NWI (p < 0.0001) remain significant risk factors. From these results, either a steep PTS or a narrow NWI predisposes an individual to @entity130 . Future studies should consider these factors in combination rather than in isolation.

title: The influence of the tibial slope and the size of the intercondylar notch on XXXX of the anterior cruciate ligament.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury']

entities_list: @entity6151 :: ('MESH:D057971', 'Disease') :: ['ACL rupture']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare phacoemulsification alone versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in medically uncontrolled chronic @entity2747 (CACG) with coexisting @entity231 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Fifty-one medically uncontrolled CACG eyes with coexisting @entity231 of 51 @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Recruited @entity1 were randomized into group 1 (phacoemulsification alone) or group 2 (combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive @entity1138 ). Postoperatively, @entity1 were reviewed every 3 months for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure (IOP) and requirement for topical @entity726 drugs. RESULTS: Twenty-seven CACG eyes were randomized into group 1, and 24 CACG eyes were randomized into group 2. Combined phacotrabeculectomy resulted in lower mean postoperative IOP than phacoemulsification alone at 3 months (14.0 vs. 17.0 mmHg, P = 0.01), 15 months (13.2 vs. 15.4 mmHg, P = 0.02), and 18 months (13.6 vs. 15.9 mmHg, P = 0.01). Combined phacotrabeculectomy resulted in 1.25 fewer topical @entity726 drugs (P<0.001) in the 24-month postoperative period, compared with phacoemulsification alone. Combined surgery was associated with more @entity260 (P<0.001) and more progression of @entity1781 (P = 0.03), compared with phacoemulsification alone. CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacotrabeculectomy with adjunctive @entity1138 is more effective than phacoemulsification alone in controlling IOP in medically uncontrolled CACG eyes with coexisting @entity231 . Combined phacotrabeculectomy is associated with more @entity260 .

title: Phacoemulsification versus combined phacotrabeculectomy in medically uncontrolled chronic XXXX with @entity231 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle closure glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['angle closure glaucoma']


abstract: This paper examines three methodological issues concerning the measurement of semantic @entity2414 in brain-damaged @entity1 . Ten carefully selected @entity1 with @entity303 of @entity195 were studied. A battery of perceptual tests and direct tests of semantic memory led to the conclusion that these @entity1 represented a homogeneous group having a prominent deterioration of their semantic memory store without @entity227 . The first issue addressed in this @entity1 group was whether verbal fluency impairment accurately reflected the loss of semantic memory. It was found that verbal fluency (generation of semantic category lists) was impaired due to two major constraints: deterioration of semantic memory store, and variable difficulties in semantic search. Verbal fluency, therefore, reflects semantic @entity2414 to some degree, but is not a direct test of semantic memory store in DAT. The second issue was whether semantic @entity2414 in our @entity1 conformed to the 'semantic storage @entity74 hypothesized by Shallice (1987). It was shown that, consistent with this hypothesis, the @entity1 demonstrated co-occurrence of consistency of errors, loss of semantic cueing, and preserved superordinate knowledge with loss of detailed knowledge of concept items. The third issue was whether semantic cueing and semantic priming are altered in a similar manner in DAT. It demonstrated that semantic cueing and semantic priming, using the same words whose concepts were degraded in semantic memory, yielded an entirely different pattern of results. Cueing and priming therefore may not be used interchangeably in the study of @entity393 after @entity75 .

title: Semantic XXXX in @entity303 of @entity195 . What do various measures measure?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual perceptual deficits']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ["disorder' syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type (DAT) and anomia"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['semantic loss']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['memory loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the growing number of clinical trials assessing preoperative systemic chemotherapy (PST) for locally advanced @entity0 , the optimal regimen has still to be defined. PURPOSE: This was to evaluate the @entity137 , operability rate, pathological response rate and disease-free and overall survival associated with a PST regimen consisting of the sequential administration of single agents according to the individual @entity5 response. METHODS: Medical files were reviewed of 102 consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 treated in 2000-2007 with a neoadjuvant sequential regimen of @entity632 followed by @entity3907 . The number of cycles and the addition of @entity3907 were based on @entity5 response. RESULTS: Seventy percent of the @entity1 had inoperable disease at diagnosis and 29% were given preoperative therapy for breast conservation. All @entity1 underwent surgery, 65% achieved breast conservation. An overall pathological complete response (breast and nodes) was achieved in 14% of the @entity1 , and a complete nodal pathologic response in 34%. At a median follow-up of 54 months, the overall survival rate was 82% and the disease-free survival rate was 70%. There was no treatment-related mortality. @entity1398 occurred in 19% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A neoadjuvant regimen of @entity632 with or without a sequential @entity3907 , in which the number of cycles and the sequential administration of @entity3907 are determined according to clinical response, appears to be safe and effective for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 and yields a high rate of breast conservation. Tailored PST can spare @entity1 receiving unnecessary chemotherapy.

title: Tailoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : a historical prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: With ageing, older @entity1 can become frail, and this has been shown to be associated with a decrease in well-being. Observational studies provide evidence of a positive effect of coping resources on well-being. The question is: can coping resources be improved in vulnerable older @entity1 ? The @entity102 Self-Management Program (CDSMP) is a target group-specific intervention which aims to promote the self-management of older @entity1 who are confronted with deteriorating health. The aim of this study was to review intervention studies focusing on the CDSMP and to draw conclusions on the benefits of the program. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and PsychINFO to identify @entity23 ( @entity23 ) focusing on the CDSMP. Nine @entity23 focusing on relatively young older adults, 75% of whom with an average age between 49 and 65 years, were included. We found that the CDSMP was consistently beneficial for Health behaviour, especially with regard to the variables of exercise and self-care. For Health status, the majority of studies only showed improvement in the domain of health distress. Most of the studies that investigated Self-efficacy showed convincing improvement in self-efficacy, cognitive symptom management and mental stress management. In Health care utilization, there was no significant decrease. On the whole, the studies showed that CDSMP led to an increase in physical exercise, a decrease in health distress, an improvement in self-care, and it had a beneficial effect on self-efficacy.

title: Promotion of self-management in vulnerable older XXXX : a narrative literature review of outcomes of the @entity102 Self-Management Program (CDSMP).

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Interleukin (IL)-23 has been identified as a member of the IL-12 cytokine family. It plays an important role in @entity32 . To demonstrate the changes of IL-23 in @entity647 ( @entity647 ) and investigate the protective effect of Xuebijing in @entity647 and the underlying molecular mechanism, @entity647 was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 750 microg/kg). @entity95 challenged with or without LPS were treated with Xuebijing at the same time or saline. Before and after administration of LPS, arterial blood gas and lung @entity1017 were examined. Pathological changes of lung tissue were measured by light microscopy. IL-23 in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All animals demonstrated drops in arterial @entity26 tension (Pao(2)) and oxygenation index (Pao(2)/Fio(2)) after LPS application, which were significantly reversed by Xuebijing treatment. Administration of Xuebijing reduced lung water gain. Histopathological study also indicated that Xuebijing treatment markedly attenuated lung histopathological changes, alveolar @entity548 and inflammatory cells infiltration. Furthermore, IL-23 was higher than control group after LPS treatment, which could be blunted by Xuebijing. These findings confirmed significant protection by Xuebijing against LPS-induced lung vascular leak and @entity32 and implicated inhibition of IL-23 expression a potential role for Xuebijing in the management of @entity647 .

title: Xuebijing protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Background. @entity4611 is an inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that may mimic @entity977 clinically and radiologically. Case Description. We report a case of a @entity4611 initially diagnosed as @entity977 . A 31-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity10 , @entity2010 , and @entity2588 . A head CT scan showed no intrasellar changes, while an MRI scan showed a sellar cystic mass. An endocrinological work up revealed mild hypocortisolism and @entity2010 ( @entity2010 ). Transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The intraoperative histological examination suggested a @entity977 . The removed tissue showed central @entity39 surrounded by accumulation of foamy cells and xanthomatous epithelioid cells. The @entity1 made an uneventful postoperative recovery, Nevertheless, @entity2010 persisted and the adenohypophysis hypofunction did not recover. Conclusion. We describe an unusual inflammatory lesion of the pituitary gland mimicking an @entity652 . A high level of clinical suspicion of @entity32 is necessary for correct diagnosis and optimal management.

title: XXXX mimicking a @entity977 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['xanthomatous hypophysitis', 'Hypophysitis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus', 'DI']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['Xanthomatous hypophysitis']


abstract: Prolonged drug-induced @entity1448 may be due to destruction and disappearance of bile ducts, sometimes referred to as @entity1157 . Although some of these cases progress to @entity82 , @entity82 , and @entity1578 , others improve with time. We report a case of a 35-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1157 after ingestion of @entity10315 , an antiepileptic drug that is also prescribed for @entity353 . His liver biopsy showed complete absence of bile ducts 3 weeks after starting treatment. There was no ductular reaction. The drug was stopped and a follow-up biopsy 3 months later showed strands of intermediate hepatobiliary cells at the periphery of the portal tracts that extended into lobules; these structures lacked lumina and expressed biliary cytokeratins, @entity5822 and @entity4166 . A third biopsy, 7 months later, showed the presence of ductules with lumina located within portal tracts. Intermediate hepatobiliary cells were rare; although sparse clusters of hepatocytes with membrane staining for @entity5822 were present. @entity1448 and levels of @entity648 improved over time. The histologic features in this case document the sequence of events in restoration of the biliary tree after loss of bile ducts, which seems to be a process of maturation of intermediate hepatobiliary cells that arise from a proliferative compartment at the porto-hepatic interface.

title: Restoration of bile ducts in drug-induced XXXX due to @entity10315 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['vanishing bile duct syndrome']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['Cholestasis', 'cholestasis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['vanishing bile duct syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether muscle strength, power and endurance at the affected shoulder were reduced in @entity1 treated for @entity0 . Secondly, we assessed whether muscle performance was explained by management or other symptoms. METHODS: @entity1 were 40 @entity1 (mean +/- SD: 56.7 +/- 11.6 yr) who had completed all treatments for @entity0 at least 6 m previously. We measured dynamic concentric strength at one repetition maximum (1RM), endurance at 90% 1RM, and power through a range of 40-100% 1RM for shoulder protractors, extensors and retractors. Strength and endurance, but not power, were measured for shoulder flexors. Additionally, maximal grip strength, passive shoulder range of motion and arm circumference were measured. Self-reported symptoms were recorded using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Shoulder protractors (p = 0.011), retractors (p = 0.007), and extensors (p = 0.009), but not flexors, were significantly weaker on the affected side compared to the unaffected side. Muscle power and endurance at the shoulder and grip strength were not impaired. Inter-limb differences in muscle strength were not explained by the surgical and medical management of the @entity5 . Self-reported @entity425 correlated poorly with our measures of muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity425 occurs about the shoulder secondary to treatment for @entity0 . Strategies to prevent @entity425 need to be considered.

title: Decreased muscle strength following management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']