abstract: Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal skin were examined in @entity35 -derived hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-Ht @entity35 exposed to subchronic @entity1892 (10 kJ/m2 per @entity35 per day for up to 3 months). @entity1373 developed at I month of @entity1892 and progressed thereafter, resulting in epidermal thickening and formation of epidermal ingrowths projecting into the dermis. In some portions of the epidermal ingrowths at 2 and 3 months, keratinocytes were somewhat pleomorphic. In addition, some of the keratinocytes showing cytoplasmic projections migrated into the dermis. The basement membrane and hemidesmosomes at the epidermal-dermal junction became to disappear along with the development of @entity4 spreading from the @entity1729 to the epidermis. However, Langerhans cells were still detected in the @entity5072 epidermis even at 3 months. In the dermis, in addition to @entity4 , fibroblast proliferation and mast cell infiltration progressed with time, and degranulation of mast cells was obvious at 2 and 3 months. Only a few basophils as well as eosinophils were also found. In the @entity1729 , especially beneath the epidermis, decrease in diameter and disintegration of collagen fibrils were observed. Ultrastructural characteristics of the dorsal skin responses to subchronic @entity1892 were clarified in the present study.

title: Ultrastructural changes in the dorsal skin of XXXX -derived hypotrichotic WBN/ILA-Ht @entity35 exposed to subchronic ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['UVB-irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper dermis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Wistar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1725 ( @entity1725 ) is a rare condition characterized by mucinous @entity5 , disseminated intra-peritoneal implants, and @entity843 . So far its diagnosis remains challenging to most clinicians. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old male @entity1 had suffered from acute onset of @entity490 for one day prior to his admission. Physical examination revealed @entity7298 the right lower quadrant of the abdomen without diffuse muscle guarding. A large amount of @entity843 was identified by abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan. Paracentesis showed the appearance of sticky @entity843 . He underwent laparotomy under the impression of @entity1725 . There was a lot of @entity843 , one @entity5 and multiple peritoneal implants disseminated from the subphrenic space to the recto-vesicle pouch. @entity1725 caused by @entity3079 of appendiceal origin, was confirmed by histopathology. We performed an excision of the @entity5 combined with copious irrigation and debridement. After the operation, he received 10 cycles of systemic chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 regimen, without specific morbidity. Follow-up of abdominal CT and colonoscopy at post-operative 17 months showed excellent response without evidence of local recurrence or distal metastasis. He made an uneventful recovery (up to the present) for 21 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: This case report emphasizes the possible new role of systemic chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity1 with this rare clinical syndrome.

title: Experience with adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX secondary to mucinous adenocarcinoma of the appendix with oxaliplatin/fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX4).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness over']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'mucinous ascites']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei', 'PMP', 'Pseudomyxoma Peritonei', 'Pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and abdominal distension']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a lack of symptoms in @entity6 @entity1 with @entity344 is associated with @entity16 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We investigated cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) after esophageal stimulation in 10 @entity1 with motor dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract and in 10 healthy control subjects. All @entity1 had @entity1723 (5 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 , age range 31-60 yr, @entity6 duration 8-36 yr, 10 of 10 with @entity305 , 6 of 10 with @entity299 ). Their esophageal and gastric @entity1957 had been diagnosed by scintigraphy, and @entity344 had been excluded by gastroscopy. Only 2 @entity1 had severe symptoms, whereas 6 @entity1 complained of minor discomfort (distension, bloating), and 2 @entity1 were symptom free. RESULTS: EPs were recorded after electrical stimulation of the esophagus (32 cm from the incisors) at intensity just above the perception threshold. All control subjects exhibited regular EPs at 0.1 ms/30 mA stimulation intensity. In 6 @entity6 @entity1 , no EPs were detected at 0.1 and 0.3 ms/30 mA, and the perception thresholds were significantly elevated. In 4 @entity1 with normal perception threshold, EPs of regular shape but decreased amplitude were recorded. These @entity1 had mild or severe gastroparetic complaints. CONCLUSIONS: These data show for the first time an association between a lack of symptoms in @entity344 and @entity16 .

title: @entity16 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['visceral afferent neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stenosis', 'gastrointestinal motility disorders', 'diabetic gastrointestinal motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorders']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic gastroparesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appears to be important in @entity1 @entity263 biology. Expression of specific IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) by @entity263 tissues may modulate IGF cellular actions, and possibly determine both IGF-dependent @entity5 growth and biological @entity146 in vivo. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential expression of all six IGFBP genes in benign and malignant prostate tissue samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using RNAse protection assays, we examined expression of IGFBPs 1 through 6 in 23 paired benign and neoplastic prostate tissue samples obtained from the same prostatectomy specimen. RNA expression levels on each tissue sample were determined densitometrically and groups compared using standard Student's t test. RESULTS: We found expression of IGFBPs 2 through 6, but not @entity10116 , in both malignant and benign tissues. A statistically significant differential expression of @entity45735 was found between @entity5 with high Gleason score and those with low scores and benign tissues. Expression of @entity46892 was higher (p = 0.002 and 0.04, respectively) while that of @entity2301 was lower (p = 0.05) in high versus low Gleason score cancer specimens. Expression of @entity46893 was no different between @entity5 (p = 0.052 and 0.25, respectively). No significant differences in IGFBP expression were evident between benign and @entity5 tissues when @entity5 grade was not considered. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that differential expression of certain IGFBPs in @entity1 @entity263 correlates with @entity5 Gleason score. Thus, expression of certain IGFBPs in @entity263 may be used as a surrogate marker of aggressive clinical behavior.

title: Differential expression of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in high versus low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Gleason score prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1593 is associated with @entity253 . Postulated mechanisms include @entity1085 emptying due to impaired @entity8586 release and @entity788 due to @entity3147 . We hypothesize that @entity1593 may also be associated with @entity253 due to @entity32 and @entity1377 . METHODS: Over a 48-month period, 169 @entity1 referred for possible @entity1690 who underwent pancreatico-biliary manometry were tested for gliadin and endomysial antibodies. Duodenal and papillary biopsies were preformed in those @entity1 who were positive. RESULTS: @entity1593 was diagnosed in 12 (7.1%; 3 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ). The mean age was 61 years as compared with 37 years for those @entity1 without @entity1593 . All of the celiac @entity1 had been referred for recurrent @entity490 and/or idiopathic @entity788 . Ten had @entity788 with elevated amylase and lipase levels. Two of these @entity1 also had mildly elevated liver function tests associated with the @entity490 . Only 3 of 12 @entity1 had a prior diagnosis of @entity1593 . These 12 @entity1 had manometric evidence of @entity850 and histologic evidence of @entity32 as well as histologic changes consistent with @entity1593 . In 10 of 12 @entity1 sphincterotomy or extension of a prior papillotomy was performed. Two @entity1 were treated with a gluten-free diet alone. CONCLUSIONS: We describe 12 @entity1 with @entity1377 . In 9 cases the @entity1593 was a new diagnosis. @entity1593 should be considered in the etiology of @entity1377 or @entity788 .

title: @entity1593 and recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal inflammation', 'periampullary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['reduced gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary stenosis', 'papillary stenosis and celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatico-biliary abnormalities', 'pancreatico-biliary disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: Numerous questions exist regarding the utilization of sensory information for postural control. Past research has established the possibility that cognitive tasks requiring visual perception may affect the processing of visual information used for postural control. The purpose of this study was two fold: (1) to investigate the effects of varying demands of visual perception and (2) to evaluate the effects of performing a cognitive task on postural control in healthy, young adults (N=30). Three posture-related dependent variables were recorded during the manipulation of two independent variables (eye movement and modality of presentation of a cognitive task). The two levels of eye movement were movement and no movement, while the three levels of modality of presentation were visual, auditory, and none. A 2x3 repeated measures ANOVA was applied to the data to investigate the presence of group differences. Significantly more variability was observed in the no @entity73 than the visual and the auditory for medial-lateral (M--L) @entity9107 variability. Additionally, the eye @entity717 revealed significantly greater M--L @entity9107 variability than the no eye @entity717 . No differences were observed between the @entity227 for any dependent variable. Therefore, the greatest @entity9107 variability was observed in the eye movement and no @entity73 . Further, an interesting relationship between the measures of @entity9107 variability and sway velocity was described.

title: Postural control: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive condition']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and auditory conditions']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement condition']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual and cognitive manipulations']


abstract: Bronchiectasis is common in developing countries, but its precise underlying mechanism can be detected in only about 40% of the cases. The studies reporting the frequency of @entity402 and its relation to radiological findings and lung function in @entity4595 are limited in number, and the results are controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between @entity402 and @entity4595 by means of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and pulmonary function tests. Skin prick test, @entity2101 and pulmonary function tests, including spirometric values of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) ratio were performed in 121 bronchiectatic @entity1 of unknown etiology and in 68 healthy controls. Atopy and @entity2101 scores for the severity of @entity402 and extent of @entity4595 respectively were determined for each @entity1 . The rate of @entity402 (48.8% vs 11.8%) and mean @entity402 score (14.3 +/- 10.1 mm vs 5.5 +/- 2.1 mm) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity4595 than those in controls. @entity1097 @entity1 had significantly worse spirometric values and more extended @entity4595 than non-atopics. There is a significant correlation between @entity402 and @entity2101 scores (r = 0.54, p < 0.001), indicating that the more severe @entity402 is the more extended @entity4595 . In conclusion, we suggest that the rate of @entity402 is higher in bronchiectatic @entity1 than that in healthy controls. Bronchiectatic @entity1 with @entity402 have lower spirometric values and higher @entity2101 scores. Atopy might be considered as a deteriorating and/or a causative or contributing factor for development of @entity4595 .

title: Atopy in XXXX with @entity4595 : more than coincidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['high resolution computed tomography', 'HRCT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Excellent single-center outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoradiation and liver transplantation for unresectable @entity201 caused the United Network of Organ Sharing to offer a standardized @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) exception for this disease. We analyzed data from multiple centers to determine the effectiveness of this treatment and the appropriateness of the @entity3851 exception. METHODS: We collected and analyzed data from 12 large-volume transplant centers in the United States. These centers met the inclusion criteria of treating 3 or more @entity1 with @entity201 using neoadjuvant therapy, followed by liver transplantation, from 1993 to 2010 (n = 287 total @entity1 ). Center-specific protocols and medical charts were reviewed on-site. RESULTS: The @entity1 completed external radiation (99%), brachytherapy (75%), radiosensitizing therapy (98%), and/or maintenance chemotherapy (65%). Seventy-one @entity1 dropped out before liver transplantation (rate, 11.5% in 3 months). Intent-to-treat survival rates were 68% and 53%, 2 and 5 years after therapy, respectively; post-transplant, recurrence-free survival rates were 78% and 65%, respectively. @entity1 outside the United Network of Organ Sharing criteria (those with @entity5 mass >3 cm, transperitoneal @entity5 biopsy, or @entity3 ) or with a prior @entity5 had significantly shorter survival times (P < .001). There were no differences in outcomes among @entity1 based on differences in surgical staging or brachytherapy. Although most @entity1 came from 1 center (n = 193), the other 11 centers had similar survival times after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity201 who were treated with neoadjuvant therapy followed up by liver transplantation at 12 @entity10479 centers had a 65% rate of recurrence-free survival after 5 years, showing this therapy to be highly effective. An 11.5% drop-out rate after 3.5 months of therapy indicates the appropriateness of the @entity3851 exception. Rigorous selection is important for the continued success of this treatment.

title: Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation, followed by liver transplantation, for XXXX at 12 @entity10479 centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'model of end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['perihilar cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate cervical cytology coverage for the period 2008-2011 by age groups and health regions from data recorded in the medical records of @entity1 attending centers within the Catalan national health system. METHODS: The data used to estimate coverage were obtained from the primary care information system. This information was anonymous and included age, center, date, and the results of cytological smears for a total of 2,292,564 @entity1 aged 15 years or more. RESULTS: A total of 758,690 smears were performed in 595,868 @entity1 . Among @entity1 aged 25-65 years, the estimated coverage was 32.4% of the assigned population and was 40.8% in the population attended. Geographical variation was observed, with higher coverage among health regions closer to Barcelona. Abnormal Pap smears increased slightly from 2008 to 2011 (from 3% to 3.5%, respectively, p <0.001). In @entity1 with a negative first smear, the mean interval until the second smear was 2.4 years, but only 50% of @entity1 with a negative first smear in 2008 attended a second round during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical screening coverage in the National Health Service of Catalonia includes one in three @entity1 . Second round participation was poor. Existing computer systems in primary care centers can ensure monitoring of population-based screening programs for @entity5 . These systems could be used to plan an organized screening program to ensure wider coverage and better follow-up.

title: [Coverage of XXXX screening in Catalonia, Spain (2008-2011)].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Recent evidence suggests that the transmembrane topology of ionotropic @entity2227 receptors differs from other members of the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily. However, the structure of the segment linking membrane domains M3 and M4 (the M3-M4 loop) remains controversial. Although various data indicate that this loop is extracellular, other results suggest that @entity563 residues in this segment are sites of phosphorylation and channel modulation by intracellular protein kinases. To reconcile these data, we hypothesized that the M3-M4 loop structure is dynamic and, more specifically, that the portion containing putative phosphorylation sites may be translocated across the membrane to the cytoplasmic side during agonist binding. To test this hypothesis, we mutated Ser 684, a putative @entity268 -dependent protein kinase site in the @entity4176 -type @entity2227 receptor @entity2373 , to @entity2569 . Results of biochemical and electrophysiological experiments are consistent with @entity2569 684 being accessible, in the unliganded state, from the extracellular side to modification by a @entity2569 -specific biotinylating reagent followed by streptavidin (SA). Interestingly, our data suggest that this residue becomes inaccessible to the extracellular biotinylating reagent during agonist binding. However, we find it unlikely that @entity2569 684 undergoes membrane translocation, because the addition of SA to @entity2569 -biotinylated @entity2373 ( @entity50796 ) has no effect on peak @entity2227 -evoked current and only a small effect on macroscopic desensitization. We conclude that residue 684 in @entity2373 is extracellular in the receptor-channel's closed, unliganded state and does not cross the membrane after agonist binding. However, an agonist-induced conformational change in the receptor substantially alters accessibility of position 684 to the extracellular environment.

title: Agonist-induced changes in substituted cysteine accessibility reveal dynamic extracellular structure of M3-M4 loop of XXXX receptor @entity2373 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: Proglucagon mRNA transcripts are transcribed in the pancreas, bowel, and brain, after which posttranslational processing results in the liberation of a different profile of biologically active peptides in each tissue. The receptors for two of these peptides, glucagon and @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ), have recently been identified, but only limited information is available concerning the tissue- and age-specific distribution of these receptors in vivo. We have investigated the expression of these receptors in the @entity19 using a combination of Northern blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. DNA sequence analysis of a partial @entity19 @entity28043 cDNA demonstrated a high degree of sequence conservation across rodent species. @entity28043 mRNA transcripts were detectable by Northern blotting in poly(A)+ RNA from liver and kidney. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction also detected @entity28043 mRNA transcripts in both fetal and adult pancreas and lung, jejunum, and ileum, but not in the large intestine. In contrast, mRNA transcripts for the @entity15984 were detected in both small and large intestine as well as in pancreas, liver, lung, and kidney. Both glucagon and @entity15984 mRNA transcripts were identified in different regions of the fetal and adult @entity19 brain, but the relative levels of @entity15984 mRNA transcripts were much greater in the central nervous system. Furthermore, regulation of the @entity15984 (but not the @entity28043 ) gene in the brain resembled the pattern of region-specific gene expression recently defined for the @entity19 proglucagon gene. Taken together, these studies define novel sites for both glucagon and @entity15984 gene expression in the @entity19 and suggest that different regulatory mechanisms have evolved for tissue-specific and developmental control of receptor gene expression.

title: Divergent tissue-specific and developmental expression of receptors for glucagon and @entity20647 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28043 :: ('14527(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon receptor', 'glucagon receptor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The main allergenic constituents of Compositae plants are the @entity28285 (SLs). In recent years, a mixture of three SLs, each with a different @entity9571 skeleton ( @entity49935 , @entity49936 or @entity44756 ), has been routinely used to detect Compositae @entity566 . The purpose of our study was to establish the value of testing with a range of Compositae extracts. Ninety-seven consecutive @entity1 with exposure pattern @entity1909 or @entity484 and gardening as a hobby or occupation were patch tested to the European standard series including SL mix 0.1% pet., Compositae extracts and other relevant allergens. Twenty-six of the 97 @entity1 tested showed @entity56 to SL mix or Compositae extracts. Fifteen of these showed positive reactions to both the SL mix and Compositae extracts. Eleven @entity1 showed a negative reaction to the SL mix but positive reaction to the Compositae extracts. Dandelion elicited a positive reaction in eight of the 11 SL mix-negative @entity1 and three @entity1 reacted to feverfew. The SL mix failed to detect 38% of our Compositae-sensitive @entity1 . Dandelion extract alone detected 73% of SL-negative @entity1 . Additional testing with feverfew extract would have detected 91% of the SL mix-negative individuals. Our study highlights the importance of testing the response of SL-negative @entity1 to additional Compositae extracts when there is a clinical suspicion of Compositae @entity566 .

title: Patch testing for Compositae XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity49936 :: ('MESH:C083030', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydrocostuslactone']

entities_list: @entity44756 :: ('MESH:C002602', 'Chemical') :: ['costunolide']

entities_list: @entity28285 :: ('CHEBI:37667', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene lactones']

entities_list: @entity9571 :: ('CHEBI:35189', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity49935 :: ('MESH:C004363', 'Chemical') :: ['alantolactone']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['hand eczema']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3791 has been the most commonly used treatment for @entity8598 periodic @entity912 since 1968. However, its mechanism of efficacy is not fully understood, and it is not known whether therapy response relates to genotype. We undertook a clinical and genetic study to evaluate the response rate of @entity1 treated with @entity3791 and to investigate possible correlations between response and genotype. METHODS: We identified a total of 74 genotyped @entity1 for this study. These included @entity1 who were referred over a 15-year period to the only U.K. referral center or to a Chinese center and who underwent extensive clinical evaluation. For all genotyped @entity1 , the response to @entity3791 therapy in terms of attack frequency and severity was documented. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity38695 and @entity16093 was performed. RESULTS: Only 46% of the total @entity1 cohort (34 of 74) reported benefit from @entity3791 . There was a greater chance of benefit in @entity1 with mutations in @entity38695 (31 responded of 55 total) than in those with mutations in @entity16093 (3 responded of 19 total). @entity1 with mutations that resulted in @entity1522 being substituted by @entity2228 in either gene were the least likely to report benefit. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study indicates that only approximately 50% of genotyped @entity1 with @entity8598 periodic @entity912 respond to @entity3791 . We found evidence supporting a relationship between genotype and treatment response. Prospective randomized controlled trials are required to further evaluate this relationship. Development of alternative therapies is required.

title: @entity3791 efficacy in @entity8598 periodic XXXX and the predictive role of genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports have suggested that excessive amounts of endogenous NO may contribute to the @entity296 and injury in @entity712 . In the present report, we investigate the cellular expression and activity of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible ( @entity3623 ) NO synthase in failing @entity1 hearts with special reference to the underlying lesion and drug therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial tissues were obtained from 28 failing @entity1 hearts with various pathogeneses and 4 nonfailing hearts as controls. Only weak or focal expression of both eNOS and @entity3623 was seen in ventricles of nonfailing hearts. In failing hearts, immunoreactivity and hybridization signals for eNOS were increased only in cardiac myocytes of subendocardial areas. Signals for @entity3623 in cardiac myocytes were consistently seen in @entity712 of various pathogeneses and were apparent in both infarcted and noninfarcted regions of @entity296 . Apparent signals for @entity3623 were also seen in infiltrating macrophages in infarcted regions of @entity296 , @entity2401 , and septic hearts. The expression of eNOS but not @entity3623 in the myocytes was intimately associated with beta-adrenergic therapy before the operation, being more abundant in @entity1 on beta-blockers compared with diminished presence in @entity1 on beta-agonists. In contrast to immunohistochemical data, @entity3623 activity was more variable than constitutive NOS activity and correlated significantly with the density of infiltrating macrophages. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that whereas increased eNOS and/or @entity3623 expression in failing cardiac myocytes may in general contribute to @entity296 , @entity130 or @entity204 associated with inflammatory lesions may be caused in part by abundant @entity3623 expression within infiltrating macrophages rather than cardiac myocytes.

title: Heterogeneous expression and activity of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthases in end-stage @entity1 XXXX : their relation to lesion site and beta-adrenergic receptor therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte injury']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity1641 @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) is a naturally occurring @entity1576 in @entity1641 with many similarities to @entity1 @entity565 and, as a result, has been used as an animal model of this disease. @entity66 has been demonstrated to occur in a range of @entity1576 in @entity1 beings including @entity565 . Quantitatively, @entity1641 have a greater non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid compared to @entity1 beings due to high @entity620 concentrations, which reflects their ability to synthesise @entity620 . Consequently, a greater oxidative load is likely to be required to induce oxidative stress in @entity1641 compared to @entity1 beings. Induction of acute neutrophilic airway @entity32 in @entity1224 @entity1641 by exposure to organic dust does not result in marked pulmonary oxidative stress. However, with a more prolonged inflammatory response, the antioxidant capacity is depleted and oxidative stress occurs. Despite the clear evidence of oxidative stress in @entity1224 , there is currently limited data linking oxidative stress with a causal role in the development of the pathophysiological features of @entity1224 , namely @entity1224 , airway hyper-responsiveness, airway @entity32 and mucus accumulation. However, pathways do exist whereby oxidants could potentially augment the production of important mediators in @entity1224 . Further work is required to ascertain the benefits of antioxidant supplementation in @entity1224 and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease. Given the similarities with @entity1 @entity565 , results from @entity1224 @entity1641 could enhance the understanding of the role of oxidative stress in @entity1 @entity565 .

title: The role of oxidative stress in an @entity1641 model of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['RAO', 'recurrent airway obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressants are often the first-line treatment for @entity308 but only one third of @entity1 respond fully to pharmacotherapy. This paper describes the protocol for a randomised controlled trial (RCT) designed to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for @entity1 with @entity13217 in primary care. METHODS/DESIGN: @entity1953 is a two parallel group multi-centre pragmatic RCT. Eligible @entity1 were those who: (i) were aged 18-75years; (ii) were currently taking antidepressant medication (for at least 6weeks at an adequate dose); (iii) scored >= 14 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II); (iv) had adhered to their medication; and (v) met ICD-10 criteria for @entity308 (assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule - revised version). Those who gave written informed consent were randomised to one of two treatment groups: usual care or usual care plus CBT. The primary outcome is @entity308 symptoms assessed using the BDI-II at 6months post-randomisation. Secondary outcomes measured at 6 and 12months include quality of life, antidepressant use and health care utilisation. Outcomes will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. DISCUSSION: The @entity1953 trial will provide evidence on the clinical and cost effectiveness of CBT as an adjunct to antidepressant medication in the treatment of @entity308 that has not responded to pharmacotherapy. Given the move to widen access to 'talking therapies', the results of this study will be timely.

title: Cognitive behavioural therapy as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy for @entity13217 in primary care: the XXXX randomised controlled trial protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['CoBalT']


abstract: PURPOSE: Relapse pattern and late @entity137 in long-term survivors were analyzed after the introduction of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) into a phase II trial on trimodality treatment of locally advanced (LAD) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 with stage IIIA(N2)/IIIB @entity1149 were treated with induction chemotherapy, preoperative radiochemotherapy, and surgery. PCI was routinely offered during the second period of study accrual. @entity1 were given a total radiation dose of 30 Gy (2 Gy per daily fraction) over a 3-week period starting 1 day after the last chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS: Introduction of PCI reduced the rate of brain metastases as first site of relapse from 30% to 8% at 4 years (P =.005) and that of overall brain relapse from 54% to 13% (P <.0001). The effect of PCI was also observed in the good-prognosis subgroup of 47 @entity1 who had a partial response or complete response to induction chemotherapy, with a reduction of brain relapse as first failure from 23% to 0% at 4 years (P =.01). Neuropsychologic testing revealed @entity73 in long-term survivors who received PCI as well as in those who did not receive PCI. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity62 of higher grades in @entity1 who received PCI than in those who did not. CONCLUSION: PCI at a moderate dose reduced brain metastases in LAD- @entity1149 to a clinically significant extent, comparable to that in @entity151 . Late @entity137 to normal brain was acceptable. This study supports the use of PCI within intense protocols for LAD- @entity1149 , particularly in @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors.

title: Prophylactic cranial irradiation in locally advanced XXXX after multimodality treatment: long-term follow-up and investigations of late neuropsychologic effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in attention and visual memory']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited-disease small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of 2 different ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 particles-based contrast agents for intravascular magnetic resonance lymphography in normal, inflammatory, and @entity5 -bearing lymph nodes in @entity95 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two USPIO agents were assessed: Sinerem and P904 (both Guerbet Research, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France). Signal change of popliteal and paraaortic lymph nodes were studied in VX-2 @entity5 -bearing @entity95 (n = 4) and @entity95 in whom complete Freund adjuvant had been applied (n = 6). Image acquisition was performed before and 5 to 120 minutes and 24 hours after bolus injection of Sinerem (n = 5) and P904 (n = 5). Lymph node size was assessed and signal-to-noise ratios of lymph nodes were calculated. The contrast agents were compared regarding nodal signal changes over time. Furthermore, sensitivities, specificities, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated for both contrast agents, with histopathology serving as the standard of reference. RESULTS: No statistically significant size differences were detected between normal, reactively enlarged and @entity5 -infiltrated lymph nodes. Signal change over time showed greater differences between benign and metastatic lymph nodes for P904 especially at 24 hours after injection, whereas Sinerem showed the highest signal loss in benign nodes. After 24 hours, P904 showed a higher sensitivity (0.75 vs 0.67) and higher specificity (1 vs 0.94) compared with Sinerem. At earlier time points, sensitivity for Sinerem was lower (0.33), whereas for P904, sensitivity at 120 minutes was as good as after 24 hours (0.75). CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance lymphography with USPIO contrast agents allows for differentiation of reactively enlarged lymph nodes compared with metastatic nodes. P904 yielded higher sensitivity and specificity values, with higher signal differences between benign and malignant enlarged lymph nodes. Furthermore, diagnosis seems to be possible earlier. This agent therefore seems to be a promising tool for staging @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Comparison of two different XXXX -based contrast agents for discrimination of benign and malignant lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: Here we studied @entity41 ( @entity41 ) of @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) who have @entity49677 or @entity5316 / @entity10794 as well as the phenotypic analysis of lymphocyte subsets involved in antitumor immunity. Eight @entity1 in long-term (LT; 3 to 15 years) and 15 @entity1 in short-term (ST; up to 3 years) remission were studied. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT) assay, the limit of detection was 10(-5) to 10(-6) for @entity49677 transcript and 10(-4) to 10(-5) for the @entity5316 / @entity10794 transcript. Simultaneously, T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) were investigated by flow cytometric analysis. Four of the eight @entity1 in LT and 7 of the 15 @entity1 in ST remission were @entity41 -positive. Although all @entity41 -positive @entity1 in LT remission are still until now event-free, 3 of the 7 @entity41 -positive ( @entity41 +) @entity1 in ST remission soon relapsed. The total populations of CD4+, @entity405 + and @entity2940 + [possible T-cell and natural killer (T/NK) populations] in the BM of ST @entity1 and @entity41 +/LT @entity1 were significantly (p < .01) low. The @entity405 + @entity1361 + population showed the same tendency (p < .01-.02). The T/NK subsets in the BM of @entity41 -negative ( @entity41 -) LT ( @entity41 -/LT) @entity1 showed similar numbers of cells as normal volunteers. Basically, the total percentage of the CD4+, @entity405 + and @entity2940 + cell populations in the BM was increased and in the following order: @entity41 -/LT @entity1 , normal volunteers, @entity41 +/LT @entity1 and @entity41 + or -/ST @entity1 . The percentages of the T/NK-cell subsets in the PB were not significantly different among these groups. Thus, the difference of the possible T/NK-cell phenotype in the BM may strongly influence clinical and molecular remission. These results still remain to be confirmed by further studies of the functional anti- @entity5 immunity of T/NK cells of @entity3052 in remission.

title: @entity41 in @entity3052 with @entity49677 or @entity5316 / XXXX mRNA and phenotypic analysis of possible T and natural killer cells in bone marrow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['MRD', 'minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity10794 :: (862,Gene) :: ['ETO']


abstract: We present 142 cases of @entity583 in the young (MIY) which correspond to 5.6% of a total of 2525 @entity1 with MI hospitalized in the past 5 years at the Hospital de Especialidades del Centro M  dico La Raza, IMSS. Among them, 124 (87%) were males and 18 (13%) females. The age varied from 25-40 years, average 35 years for both sexes. Occupational labor: 56 (39.5%) were workers, 27 (19%) officemen, 22 (15.5%) professionals, 20 (14%) taxi drivers, 15 (10.5%) merchants and 2 (1.5%) students. Personal cardiac history: 42 (30%) had history of angor pectoris and 5 (3.5%) of MI. Coronary risk factors: 106 @entity1 (75%) had emotional stress due to type "A" personality, 101 (71%) cigarette smoking, 59 (42%) systemic arterial @entity101 , 35 (25%) @entity6 , 35 (25%) @entity407 and 28 (20%) @entity28 . Among them, 34 (24%) had no risk factors. MI localization: 48 (34%) anteroseptal, 37 (26%) anterolateral, 36 (25%) posteroinferior and 21 (15%) inferior. Only in 83 cases coronary angiogram was performed, among them: 34 (41%) had disease of the left coronary artery and 18 (22%) of the right; 33 (40%) had one vessel, 15 (18%) 2 vessel and 4 (5%) 3 vessel disease. In 31 (37%) the coronary angiogram was normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Acute XXXX in young adults. A report of 142 cases].

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemias']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: In all living organisms, deoxyribonucleotides, the DNA precursors, are produced by reduction of the corresponding @entity24547 catalyzed by @entity2151 reductase. In mammals as in @entity526 , the enzyme consists of two proteins. Protein R1 is the proper reductase as it contains, in the substrate binding site, the reducing active @entity462 pair. Protein R2 provides a catalytically essential organic radical. Here we report the cloning, expression, purification and characterization of protein R1 from @entity958 . Expression in @entity526 was made possible by coexpression of tRNAArg4 which is required for the utilization of AGA and AGG as codons for arginines. Protein R1 shows extensive similarities with protein R1 from mammals: (a) it shows 69% @entity535 sequence identity to @entity1 and @entity19 R1 protein; (b) it is active during @entity13667 reduction by @entity3902 , in the presence of protein R2 [Sauge-Merle, S., Laulh  re, J.-P., Coves, J., M  nage, S., Le Pape, L. _ Fontecave, M. (1997) J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. 2, 586-594]; (c) activity is stimulated by @entity14688 and @entity855 and is inhibited by dATP, showing that as in the @entity1 enzyme, the plant @entity2151 reductase seems to be allosterically regulated by positive (ATP) and negative (dATP) effectors.

title: An active @entity2151 reductase from XXXX cloning, expression and characterization of the large subunit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity24547 :: ('MESH:D012265', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotides']

entities_list: @entity2151 :: ('CHEBI:26561', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Turban pin @entity1174 is a new clinical entity afflicting young Islamic @entity1 wearing a turban.The goal of this study was to present our experience in diagnosis and treatment of this new entity, define its clinical and epidemiologic features, and shed a new light on the role of fashion in the increased incidence. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study in a tertiary university hospital. METHODS: Review of clinical parameters and epidemiologic features of 26 @entity1 diagnosed with turban pin @entity1174 admitted to the Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospitals in Jerusalem from 1990 to 2010. RESULTS: All @entity1 were Muslim females with an average age of 16 years. In all cases, the history was positive for accidental @entity1173 . Most of the pins were located in the @entity825 (42%). In 20 cases, the pins were extracted by rigid bronchoscopy without major complications. Fluoroscopy-assisted rigid bronchoscopy was used successfully in three cases. In one case, the object was self-ejected by coughing before the bronchoscopy, and two @entity1 were referred to the chest unit for thoracotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should be aware of this distinct form of foreign body @entity1173 , its method of diagnosis, and extraction techniques. A cultural investigation showed a difference in the turban-fastening technique of young @entity1 as compared with their mothers. Removal by rigid bronchoscopy is a safe method with a high success rate and should be considered as the preferred extraction method of choice.

title: Turban pin XXXX : new fashion, new syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ), a vasoconstrictor and mitogen, has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity463 , @entity521 , and @entity1653 . @entity2232 , formed by proteolysis of the propeptide big @entity2232 by @entity17614 ( @entity17614 ), mediates its cellular actions through @entity2231 and ETB receptors. Because only immunoreactive @entity2232 has been observed within @entity1 @entity5 cells, the authors investigated the localization of the entire @entity2232 system ( @entity2232 mRNA, @entity2232 , @entity17614 , @entity2231 and ETB receptors) in surgical samples of @entity1 diffuse @entity816 WHO Grade II (n = 6). METHODS: @entity2232 mRNA expression was elucidated by in situ reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using synthetic primers. Polyclonal antibodies were used to localize @entity2232 , @entity17614 , @entity2231 and ETB receptors by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: All ET components were detected in the six @entity5 samples. Intense (3+) cytoplasmic @entity2232 mRNA labeling was observed in more than 75% of cells in all 6 @entity816 . Up to 75% of @entity5 cells displayed intense @entity2232 and @entity17614 immunolabeling distributed throughout their cytoplasm. Immunoreactive @entity2231 and ETB receptors, observed in 25% to 75% of @entity5 cells, were of moderate intensity. In addition, all components of the ET system were seen within endothelial cells of @entity5 blood vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity2232 mRNA, @entity17614 , and @entity2232 within @entity5 astrocytes suggests local ET synthesis and processing. The mitogenic and antiapoptotic properties of @entity2232 , as well as the vasodilatory signaling of ETB receptors, may promote @entity105 .

title: Localization of the endothelin system in @entity1 diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'astrocytic tumor']

entities_list: @entity17614 :: ('1889', 'Gene') :: ['ECE-1', 'endothelin-converting enzyme-1']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: AIM OF STUDY: To study the prevalence, clinico-haematological and management profile of @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) among severely anaemic @entity1 treated at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal. METHOD: A retrospective analysis of 18 cases of biopsy proven @entity2150 @entity1 was done between September 1995 and August 1997. RESULTS: Over a period of 2 years, 140 @entity1 with severe @entity417 were admitted to our institution. Eighteen @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2150 . The ages of the @entity2150 @entity1 ranged from 7 to 56 (median 15) years, with a male: female ratio of 1.23:1. Pallor, @entity548 diathesis, @entity425 and @entity221 were the most common presenting complaints. Blood counts showed @entity3043 in 16 cases. Bone biopsies of all the cases were @entity2150 . Sixteen cases were non-severe @entity2150 and the remaining 2 were severe. Of the 18 cases, 16 were idiopathic; 1 case each was associated with @entity2755 @entity137 and @entity1956 respectively. Most of the @entity1 were treated with @entity288 or @entity3800 or a combination of both. Only six @entity1 came for regular follow-up. CONCLUSION: The high (12.85%) prevalence of @entity2150 among @entity1 admitted with severe @entity417 in this hospital (which acts as a catchment area for the Eastern region) may not reflect the actual prevalence of the disease in the local community. However, a prospective study may delineate the causative factors peculiar to this region. The clinico-haematological profile is typical of the disease. However, the management profile is incomplete without a proper follow-up. This limitation may be overcome by providing free or subsidized treatment.

title: Clinico-haematological and management profile of XXXX --a first series of 18 cases from Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia', 'AA', 'hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudo (platelet-type)- @entity2880 is a rare @entity74 caused by an abnormal function of the glycoprotein lb protein; the receptor for @entity2880 factor. This leads to an increased removal of @entity2881 multimers from the circulation as well as platelets and this results in a @entity548 diathesis. Worldwide, less than 50 @entity1 are reported with @entity51536 ( @entity51536 ). CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the management of @entity51536 in pregnancy of a 26 year old Caucasian primigravida. The initial diagnosis was made earlier following a significant @entity548 post tonsillectomy several years prior to pregnancy. The @entity1 was managed under a multidisciplinary team which included obstetricians, haematologists, anaesthetists and neonatologists. Care plans were made for the ante- natal, intra-partum and post-partum periods in partnership with the @entity1 . The @entity1 's platelet count levels dropped significantly during the antenatal period. This necessitated the active exclusion of other causes of @entity882 in pregnancy. A vaginal delivery was desired and plans were made for induction of labour at 38 weeks of gestation with platelet cover in view of the progressive fall of the platelet count. The @entity1 however went into spontaneous labour on the day of induction. She was transfused two units of platelets before delivery. She had an unassisted vaginal delivery of a healthy baby. The successful antenatal counselling has encouraged the diagnosis of the same condition in her mother and sister. We found this to be a particularly interesting case as well as challenging to manage due to its rarity. Psuedo @entity2880 in pregnancy can be confused with a number of other differential diagnoses, such as gestational thrombocutopenia, idiopathatic @entity882 , @entity2106 and @entity1468 ; all need consideration during investigations even in a case such as this where the diagnosis of @entity51536 was known before pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Management of @entity2880 in pregnancy involves the co-operation of multidisciplinary teams, regular monitoring of platelet levels and factor VIII and replacement as appropriate. This case report highlights this rare condition and the need to exclude all the other differential diagnoses of @entity882 in pregnant @entity1 with @entity882 .

title: Pseudo (platelet-type) XXXX in pregnancy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51536 :: ('MESH:C536458', 'Disease') :: ['platelet type von Willebrand disease', 'PT-VWD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease', 'pseudo von Willebrand disease', 'von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand disease']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 cryopreserved valves with harvest-related warm @entity63 times (WITs) ranging from 0 to 20 hours were studied using transmission electron microscopy to characterize the effects of harvesting and preservation on leaflet matrix cells. The valves were divided into seven groups on the basis of WIT and processed using standard transmission electron microscopic methods. Each cell (528 micrographs) was graded for reversible and irreversible cellular injury and subjected to a Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel trend analysis. Our results demonstrated a progression in cellular injury with increasing WIT. During the first 12 hours of @entity63 , reversible cellular injury predominated (0.0%, 30.0%, 51.2%, 31.3%, 35.1%, 45.1%, and 40.0% at WITs of 0, 1, 2, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours, respectively). A positive correlation (p < 0.0001) between increasing WIT and reversible cellular injury through the first 12 hours was observed. Minimal morphologic evidence of irreversible injury was noted in valves harvested with less than 12 hours of @entity63 ; however, after 12 hours there was a marked increase (0.0%, 0.0%, 4.7%, 2.4%, 2.7%, 31.4%, and 40.0% at WITs of 0, 1, 2, 8, 12, 16, and 20 hours, respectively) in irreversible cellular injury (p < 0.001 between 12 and 20 hours WIT). These data demonstrate a progression in cellular injury with increasing WIT. There was virtually no morphologic @entity340 with harvest-related WITs less than 2 hours and minimal irreversible cellular injury observed in valves exposed to 12 hours or less of @entity63 . If cellular viability is critical to homograft durability then harvest-related @entity63 may need to be restricted to 12 hours.

title: XXXX cryopreserved homografts: electron microscopic analysis of cellular injury.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['injury in valves']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'warm ischemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity526 CspA, a major @entity1457 protein, is dramatically induced upon temperature downshift. As it binds co-operatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA without apparent sequence specificity, it has been proposed that CspA acts as an RNA chaperone to facilitate transcription and translation at low temperature. CspA consists of a five-stranded beta-barrel structure containing two RNA-binding motifs, RNP1 and RNP2. Eukaryotic Y-box proteins, such as @entity1 @entity25536 , are a family of nucleic acid-binding proteins that share a region of high homology with CspA (43% identity), termed the @entity1457 domain (CSD). Their cellular functions are very diverse and are associated with growth-related processes. Here, we replaced the six-residue loop region of CspA between the @entity48987 strands with the corresponding region of the CSD of @entity1 @entity25536 protein. The resulting hybrid protein became capable of binding to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in addition to ssDNA and RNA. The dsDNA-binding ability of an RNP1 point mutant ( @entity48988 ) of the hybrid was almost unchanged. On the other hand, the dsDNA-binding ability of the hybrid protein was abolished in high salt concentrations in contrast to its ssDNA-binding ability. These results indicate that the loop region between the @entity48987 strands of Y-box proteins, which is a little longer and more basic than that of CspA, plays an important role in their binding to dsDNA.

title: Acquisition of double-stranded DNA-binding ability in a hybrid protein between @entity526 CspA and the @entity1457 domain of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock']

entities_list: @entity48988 :: ('p|SUB|F|20|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['F20L']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity25536 :: (4904,Gene) :: ['YB-1']


abstract: The @entity112 H2 receptor ( @entity43218 ) belongs to the heptahelical receptor family; upon agonist binding, members of this family activate a G protein and the downstream effector adenylyl cyclase. Like other G protein-coupled receptors, exposure of @entity43218 to agonists produces a desensitization of the response. The present study focused on the desensitization mechanism of this receptor. Using transiently transfected COS-7 cells expressing tagged- @entity43218 , the desensitization induced by @entity47642 , characterized by decreased @entity268 production, was studied. Results show that the receptor was rapidly desensitized with a t(1/2) = 0.49 +/- 0.01 min. Because of the rapid nature of @entity43218 desensitization, receptor phosphorylation was examined as a likely mechanism for signal attenuation. @entity43218 desensitization was not affected by protein kinases A and C (PKA and PKC) inhibitors but was remarkably reduced by @entity8862 , an inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). Cotransfection experiments using tagged @entity43218 and different GRKs (2, 3, 5, or 6), demonstrated that @entity437 and @entity47643 were the most potent in augmenting desensitization, causing a reduction in the maximal response to @entity47642 and a decrease of the t(1/2) for desensitization, whereas @entity47644 and @entity47645 did not affect the signaling. Receptor phosphorylation correlates with desensitization for each GRK studied, whereas phosphorylation that is dependent on protein kinases A and C seemed irrelevant in receptor signal termination. These results indicate that in @entity43218 -transfected COS-7 cells, exposure to an agonist caused desensitization controlled by @entity43218 phosphorylation via @entity437 and @entity47643 .

title: XXXX H2 receptor desensitization: involvement of a select array of G protein-coupled receptor kinases.

entities_list: @entity47642 :: ('MESH:C076207', 'Chemical') :: ['amthamine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['Histamine']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity1494 following @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is a major medical and social problem for which there is no ideal treatment strategy. In the present study, the authors analyze the effectiveness of @entity1494 reinnervation in @entity1 with SCIs by using Achilles tendon reflexes below the paraplegic level. METHODS: Spinal root anastomoses were performed in 12 paraplegic @entity1 with hyperreflexic @entity1494 and @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ) caused by complete suprasacral @entity1566 , in an attempt to reinnervate the bladder. The surgery anastomosed the unilateral proximal end of the @entity11730 ventral root and the distal end of the @entity40159 and/or @entity12678 ventral roots to build the Achilles @entity1494 reflex, while the @entity11730 dorsal root was kept intact as the trigger for micturition after axonal regeneration. All @entity1 underwent urodynamic evaluation before surgery and at follow-up. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 3 years. Of the 12 @entity1 , 9 (75%) regained satisfactory bladder control within 6 to 12 months after ventral root microanastomosis. In these 9 @entity1 , urodynamic studies revealed a change from @entity427 with @entity1690 and high detrusor pressure to almost normal storage and synergic voiding without @entity1690 . The average bladder capacity increased from 258 +/- 33 ml to 350 +/- 49 ml, residual urine decreased from 214 +/- 36 ml to 45 +/- 11 ml, and urinary infections were not observed. @entity1 with @entity8 experienced a full recovery. Three @entity1 failed to show any improvement after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the effectiveness of bladder innervation below the level of @entity1566 to produce urination by Achilles @entity1494 reflex contractions, and might therefore provide a new clinical approach to reconstructing @entity1494 function.

title: Clinical study of reconstructed bladder innervation below the level of @entity1566 to produce urination by Achilles XXXX reflex contractions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor external sphincter dyssynergia', 'DESD']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'tendon-to-bladder', 'spasmodic bladder urination', 'Neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['tendon-to-bladder']


abstract: @entity74 are common in adult @entity1 but less usual in the pediatric population. When this symptomatology appears in @entity1 it is a cause for concern, both for parents and health-care professionals. OBJECTIVES: To explain the @entity74 in @entity1 describing a case series and to discuss the main etiologies found according to age. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. POPULATION: @entity1 aged 1-18 years who consulted because of @entity74 at the otolaryngology department of a pediatric tertiary-care hospital between March 2012 and July 2015. RESULTS: Two hundred and six @entity1 were included in the study. Median age was 10 years. The most common diagnoses were vestibular @entity2704 in 21.8% of the @entity1 , ataxia in 9.22%, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood in 7.77%, and post-traumatic vertigo in 6.31%.Overall, 61 videonystagmographies- of which 46 were normal - and 55 video head impulse tests - which were normal in 45 and showed @entity735 in 10 - were performed. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity1 with @entity74 , the medical history and neurotological examination are essential. @entity2704 is the most commonly found disorder in every age group, and most of the @entity1 have a family history of @entity2704 . Ancillary studies, especially the video head-impulse test, provide important data to confirm the diagnosis.

title: XXXX in childhood: Main etiologies according to age. Usefulness of the video head impulse test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'Vestibular migraine']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the vestibulo-ocular reflex gain']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorders', 'Balance disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Balance disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging is being used in clinical psychiatry today despite the vigorous objections of many in the research community over issues of readiness. To date, a systematic examination of the perspectives of key stakeholders involved in this debate has not yet been attempted. To this fill this gap, we interviewed investigators who conduct functional neuroimaging studies involving adults with @entity1316 , @entity161 , @entity3119 , and/or attention @entity71 , providers who offer clinical neuroimaging services in the open marketplace, and consumers of these services, in order to understand perspectives underlying different views and practices. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted over the telephone. Verbal consent was obtained and all interviews were audio recorded. Interviews of investigators and service providers followed the same interview guide. A separate set of questions was developed for consumers. All interviews were transcribed and made software ready. We applied the qualitative methodology of constant comparison to analyze the data, whereby two researchers independently analyzed the results into textual themes. Coding discrepancies were discussed until consensus was achieved. RESULTS: Investigators, service providers, and consumers held many common perspectives about the potential or actual risks and benefits of functional neuroimaging for @entity1032 . However, we also found striking divergences. Service providers focused on the challenges posed by the persistence of symptoms based diagnostic categories, whereas the limitations of the science in this area was the challenge noted most frequently by investigators. The majority of consumers stated that their expectations were met. CONCLUSION: Our findings point toward a fundamental tension between academic investigators on the one hand, and commercial service providers and their customers on the other. This scenario poses dangers to the communities directly involved, and to public trust in science and medicine more generally. We conclude with recommendations for work that needs to be done to minimize tensions and maximize the potential of neurotechnology through concerted efforts to respect its limitations while leveraging the strengths, investments, and hopes of each stakeholder group.

title: Triangulating perspectives on functional neuroimaging for disorders of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental health']


abstract: We have identified four cDNA clones, cl-1, cl-5, cl-15, and cl-16, that represent genes induced by serum in resting @entity19 3T3 cells. Partial sequence analysis of the four cDNAs indicated that cl-15 corresponds to the @entity19 @entity12835 gene. Comparison of the DNA sequences of the other three clones with the sequence data bank (Genbank) showed little homology to other known DNA sequences and thus represent novel genes. The level of the mRNAs corresponding to the four genes began to increase in resting cells following serum stimulation, reached a peak between 5 h and 8 h and then started to decline. Inhibitors of transcription diminished the induction of the mRNAs corresponding to the four genes. @entity1880 and @entity11007 had little effect on the induction of beta actin mRNA while the induction of the other three genes was suppressed by the same inhibitors. @entity864 and the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 enhanced the expression of the cl-16 mRNA while epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or insulin enhanced the expression of cl-1- and cl-5-specific transcripts. The level of @entity12835 mRNA was elevated in resting cells by epidermal growth factor and @entity864 and to a lesser extent by fibroblast growth factor, insulin, and @entity5393 -elevating agents. Pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of the action of G proteins, did not significantly suppress the activation of the four genes by serum. However, @entity13129 , a protein kinase inhibitor, suppressed the induction of the four transcripts in serum-stimulated cells. The possible pathways involved in the activation of these genes in resting cells are discussed.

title: Identification and partial characterization of genes that are transactivated by different pathways in quiescent XXXX cells stimulated with serum.

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['Cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate', '12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity741 ) are at higher risk for peptic ulcer (PU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a case-control study. The @entity1 were selected by simple random sampling of clinical histories. CASES: 310 @entity1 with @entity741 ( @entity951 , @entity583 or both). CONTROLS: 310 @entity1 without @entity741 , paired by age, sex and @entity286 consumption. Data were obtained by review of the @entity1 ' clinical histories. Response variable: diagnosis of peptic ulcer by endoscopy, esophagogastroduodenal transit or surgery. The odds ratio (OR) was determined by logistic regression, adjusting for the effect of confounding variables and risk for PU. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 72.7 years ( @entity168 8.6) and 70% were @entity1 . PU was found in 18.7% of the @entity1 and in 12.3% of the controls with an adjusted OR of 1.77 (95% CI: 1.12-2.77; p = 0.01). This effect was produced at the expense of duodenal ulcer with an adjusted OR of 2.22 (95% CI: 1.29-3.74; p = 0.003). The adjusted OR of gastric ulcer was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.45-2.82; p = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for the effect of confounding variables and risk factors for the development of PU, this disease was more frequent in the group of @entity1 with @entity741 .

title: [Association between XXXX and peptic ulcer. A case-control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: During senescence in the filamentous fungus @entity25667 , specific regions of the mitochondrial genome, termed senDNA are excised, ligated and amplified. We have cloned in their entirety three such autonomously replicating plasmids, alpha, beta and epsilon senDNA. None of these plasmids displayed cross-hybridization nor did we detect any significant DNA homology by computer analysis. The complete DNA sequence of the 2.5 kb alpha, the 5.5 kb epsilon and about 3.4 kb of the 9.8 kb beta senDNA is presented (kb = 10(3) base-pairs). These sequences were analyzed for the presence of consensus sequences common to introns, and it was found that alpha senDNA has the characteristics of a group II intron, epsilon senDNA contains three group I introns, and beta senDNA did not show relevant sequences in the 3.4 kb examined. Comparison of the 5' and 3'-flanking sequences of alpha senDNA with oxi 3 (Co I) @entity535 sequences from @entity1980 and @entity375 revealed significant homology and provided strong support that the excised alpha senDNA itself consists entirely of an intron. Upstream from the oxi 3 gene a transfer RNA @entity462 sequence was detected. beta senDNA contained four tRNA sequences, @entity2574 , @entity563 , @entity4857 and @entity2340 , and sequences homologous to URFC (untranslated reading frame C) as well as two new URFs. epsilon senDNA contained sequences homologous to ATPase 8 and URFl; URFl was interrupted by three group I introns. The excision site sequences, as located by S1 nuclease mapping were unique for each senDNA. Analysis for repeated units showed that each plasmid contained elements which could be involved in secondary structure required for the alignment of distal ends preparatory to excision. These results are interpreted in terms of the structural requirements of mobile elements including the possible involvement of reverse transcriptase in the excision-ligation-amplification process.

title: Excision-amplification of mitochondrial DNA during senescence in XXXX . DNA sequence analysis of three unique "plasmids".

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity25667 :: ('5145', 'Species') :: ['Podospora anserina']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity25667 :: (5145,Species) :: ['Podospora anserina']


abstract: AIMS: Increased endothelial caveolae leading to transcytosis of plasma proteins is associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and @entity4 in @entity1545 . Increased expression of caveolin-1alpha ( @entity3895 -1), an integral caveolar membrane protein, was reported in endothelium of arterioles and veins with BBB breakdown to fibronectin post injury. In this study the phosphorylation state of @entity3895 -1 and its association with BBB breakdown was determined in the @entity35 cortical @entity130 model over a period of days 0.5-6 post lesion. METHODS: Expression of phosphorylated @entity3895 -1 was determined by immunoblotting and dual labelling immunofluorescence for phosphorylated @entity5689 and fibronectin, a marker of BBB breakdown. A phospho-specific monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes only @entity669 14-phosphorylated @entity3895 -1 (PY14 @entity3895 -1) was used. RESULTS: Immunoblots showed constitutive expression of PY14 @entity3895 -1 in cortex of control @entity35 and a significant increase in PY14 @entity3895 -1 expression at the lesion site up to day 4 post lesion. PY14 @entity3895 -1 immunostaining was observed in the endothelium of lesion vessels at days 0.5-4 post lesion, in neutrophils at days 0.5 and 2 and in macrophages at day 6 post lesion. Dual labelling showed that 100% of vessels with BBB breakdown to fibronectin showed endothelial PY14 @entity3895 -1 on day 0.5, the percentage decreasing to 62% on day 4. On day 6, none of the vessels showed endothelial phosphorylated @entity3895 -1. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of phosphorylated @entity3895 -1 in endothelium of vessels showing BBB breakdown suggests that phosphorylated @entity3895 -1 signalling may be one of the factors associated with early BBB breakdown and @entity4 in @entity1545 .

title: Expression of endothelial phosphorylated XXXX is increased in @entity1545 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain oedema', 'cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cold injury']

answer: @entity5689 :: (857,Gene) :: ['caveolin-1']


abstract: @entity1643 is usually self-limited. The transition from acute to chronic @entity5752 is influenced by physical and psychological factors. Identification of all contributing factors, in a mass emergency setting, differentiating primary and secondary life-threatening forms of @entity5752 , is the best approach for success. Aims of the present report were to estimate the prevalence of @entity5752 in population afferent to four advanced medical presidiums (AMPs) during postseismic emergency period and to evaluate frequency of use, types of @entity158 killers administered to @entity1 and short-term efficacy of them. METHODS: Study was carried out in four AMPs during the first 5 weeks after the earthquake. Site, type of eventual @entity130 , @entity158 intensity during @entity5752 episode by Verbal Numerical Rating Scale (vNRS) were registered. Diagnosis of primary or secondary @entity5752 was made on the basis of clinical features and therapeutic treatment was also analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of acute @entity5752 was 4.9% (95%, IC 3.7 to 6.4), among 958 first accesses to @entity860 , representing 14.1% (95%, IC 10.8 to 18.3) of cases on the total of 322 @entity1 treated for all @entity158 conditions. Episodes of relapsed @entity5752 in chronic pre-existing @entity5752 represented the 40% (n = 19) of cases, while the first episode was present in 60% of @entity1 (n = 28). @entity158 treatment was effective with a significant reduction in vNRS in short term evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The emotional stress induced by @entity14434 tends to heighten @entity1063 and sympathetic nervous system activity, which may further amplify nociception through peripheral or central mechanisms that result in consistent prevalence of primary NSLBP and become potential risk factor for @entity158 chronicization.

title: @entity1643 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['natural disaster']

answer: @entity14434 :: (MESH:C566492,Disease) :: ['natural disaster']


abstract: @entity11328 is involved in the pathogenesis of venous and arterial @entity715 . This study addressed the question of the relative importance of @entity11328 in the early and late phases of thrombogenesis. The effect of @entity32893 (1.43 mg/kg bolus and 0.1 mg/kg per minute i.v.), a novel, selective @entity11328 inhibitor on thrombogenesis induced by @entity95 aorta subendothelium, was measured ex vivo in a perfusion chamber model after a short (5-minute) and long (30-minute) exposure time to @entity95 native blood. The role of the perfusion time was assessed at shear rates of 100/s, 650/s, and 2600/s. These shear rates mimic blood flow conditions found in veins, arteries, and small or stenosed arteries, respectively. Fibrin deposition and @entity1423 formation on subendothelium were evaluated by microscopic morphometry. In the presence of @entity32893 , fibrin deposition was abolished at both perfusion times and at all shear rates. In the 5-minute experiments, @entity715 height was reduced by @entity32893 at shear rates of 100/s (85%) and 650/s (35%) but not at a shear rate of 2600/s, whereas @entity715 area was not affected at any shear rate. In contrast, both @entity715 height and @entity715 area were reduced (60% to 90%) by @entity32893 in the 30-minute perfusion groups at all wall shear rates. The antithrombotic effect of @entity32893 after 30-minute perfusion was confirmed by the minimal increase in the pressure difference between the entrance and the exit of the perfusion chamber compared with the control groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX plays a key role in late @entity1423 growth and/or stability. Effect of a specific @entity11328 inhibitor on thrombogenesis induced by aortic subendothelium exposed to flowing @entity95 blood.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet thrombus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity11328 :: (100009146(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['Thrombin']


abstract: The lipid composition of the sperm membrane has been shown to exert a significant effect upon the functional quality of spermatozoa. We have studied the effect of induced peroxidation and of the presence of polymorphonuclear white blood cells (WBCs) on the @entity844 composition of the phospholipids of @entity1 spermatozoa. The spermatozoa were fractionated by a discontinuous Percoll gradient in two fractions (47% and 90% Percoll). Induced peroxidation of spermatozoa was assessed by determining the production of @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS), mostly @entity1234 , after incubation with @entity20150 and @entity620 as a promoter of peroxidation. TBARS production after induction of peroxidation was correlated with the abundance of @entity1474 ( @entity5204 )(r = 0.68, p < 0.0001), with the double bond index (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001), and with the oxidative potential index (r = 0.73, p < 0.0001) of @entity1718 of phospholipids. In comparison with samples containing > 1 x 10(6) WBCs/mL, those with < 1 x 10(6) WBCs/mL contained higher proportions of @entity5204 (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.05), total @entity9539 (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001), @entity4600 (90% Percoll p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.05), and double bond index (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001). In addition, mean melting point was significantly lower (90% Percoll, p < 0.05; 47% Percoll, p < 0.001) in samples with < 1 x 10(6) WBCs, indicating higher membrane fluidity. The increase of TBARS production by spermatozoa after incubation with the @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase system and/or @entity20150 as promoter of peroxidation was associated with a significant decrease of @entity5204 . Incubation of spermatozoa with WBCs, with or without activation by @entity4621 , decreased the @entity5204 (p < 0.05). Also, TBARS production was increased (p < 0.01) after activation of WBCs with @entity4621 . Our data provide evidence that oxidative stress induced by WBCs has a damaging effect on the @entity1474 of sperm phospholipids which may result, amongst other effects, in decreased membrane fluidity.

title: White blood cells cause oxidative damage to the XXXX composition of phospholipids of @entity1 spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity20150 :: ('MESH:C020748', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous sulphate']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega 3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: @entity3069 . avium ( @entity11596 ) and @entity3069 . hominissuis (MAH) are the most common mycobacterial species isolated from @entity75 in @entity1707 in countries with controlled @entity291 @entity378 . This study is focused on the immunological aspect of @entity11596 and @entity19262 in @entity1707 . We detected induction of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in experimentally infected pigs. Specific antibodies were analyzed in serum by ELISA and the IFN-y release assay was used for evaluation of cell-mediated immunity. While @entity11596 induced a significant increase of both types of immune responses, MAH-infected @entity1707 had an unvarying level of specific antibodies and showed low cell-mediated immunity with high individual variability. The subsequent in vitro experiment confirmed the lower immunogenicity of the MAH strain in comparison to @entity11596 . MAH-infected porcine monocyte-derived macrophages showed a weaker induction of pro-inflammatory mediators in comparison to @entity11596 , which included mRNA for IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-23p19, IL-18 and chemokines CCL-3, CCL-5, CXCL-8 and CXCL-10. Additionally, qualitative proteomic analysis revealed 28 proteins exclusively in @entity11596 and 7 proteins unique to MAH. In conclusion, closely related @entity3069 @entity11596 and MAH showed different capacities to stimulate the porcine immune system. From a diagnostic point of view, the IFN-y release assay showed higher sensitivity than the detection of specific antibodies by ELISA and seems to be an effective tool for discrimination of @entity11596 -infected @entity1707 . In the case of @entity19262 , the IFN-y release assay could fail because of the low immunogenic capacity of the MAH strain.

title: Different immune response of @entity1707 to @entity3069 . avium and XXXX . hominissuis infection.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp', 'M. avium subspecies']

entities_list: @entity19262 :: ('MESH:D015270', 'Disease') :: ['MAH infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3069 :: (1764,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium avium subsp']


abstract: @entity1420 and @entity172 are hormones produced in the @entity1 body that are essential for regulating many vital functions. The three major @entity172 produced by @entity1 are @entity11111 , @entity53 , and @entity1815 . @entity1420 is a naturally occurring hormone in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Pharmaceuticals containing @entity172 alone or @entity172 in combination with @entity1420 are commonly used in therapy. @entity1 requiring unique combinations of the drugs rely on pharmacies to compound the ingredients. In order to assess the potency of drugs containing combinations of @entity172 and @entity1420 , a method was developed to determine all four ingredients simultaneously. The liquid chromatographic method utilized a microBondapak @entity6173 column with an isocratic mobile phase of @entity1626 -water (50 + 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and temperature of 30 degrees C. Under these conditions, the order of elution was @entity11111 , @entity53 , and @entity1815 , followed by @entity1420 . UV detection was at 205 nm to monitor elution of the @entity172 , then switched to 270 nm to monitor @entity1420 . The method was applied to the analysis of pharmacy-compounded drugs containing combinations of the hormones. Validation studies demonstrated that the method is accurate and precise.

title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of @entity53 , XXXX , @entity1815 , and @entity1420 in pharmaceutical preparations.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity11111 :: (MESH:D004964,Chemical) :: ['estriol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1744 can be palliated by colostomy or by endoscopic modalities that restore luminal patency. The clinical results of a series of @entity1 with @entity5 in whom self-expanding metal stents were inserted at endoscopy are presented. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 with symptoms related to @entity420 were treated by endoscopic insertion of self-expanding metal stents. RESULTS: Metal stents were correctly placed in 36 of 37 @entity1 (97%) with no immediate complications. Early dislodgment of the stent (within 1 week) was observed in 3 cases. The remaining 33 @entity1 (92%) were followed for a median of 7 months (3 weeks-33 months). In 28 @entity1 (78%) there was long-term restoration of luminal patency and disappearance of obstructive symptoms without further treatments. They experienced no @entity158 , tenesmus, or @entity322 during the follow-up period. The incidence of complications (early and late) and the mortality rate related to the procedure were 22% and 3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic metal stents can be considered a simple and effective solution for long-term palliation of @entity5 .

title: Use of self-expanding metal stents for palliation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectosigmoid cancer']


abstract: Discrimination of @entity420 ( @entity420 ) from reactive bronchioloalveolar epithelium entrapped in @entity358 (PSE) may be difficult on routine histology, especially on small biopsies. Ancillary studies to help in this regard are desirable. Whereas IADs have been shown to harbor cumulative mutational damage of @entity5 suppressor genes, little is known about molecular changes in PSEs. In this study, we compared cumulative loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of @entity5 suppressor genes in PSEs (N = 12), @entity133 ( @entity133 , N = 15) and stage 1 IADs (N = 7). Unstained serial sections were microdissected to obtain lesional and normal tissue DNA. PCR was performed for up to 16 polymorphic markers. An allelic ratio of < 0.5 or >2.0 was designated as LOH. Fractional allelic loss (FAL) was calculated for each case as the number of markers with LOH divided by the total number of informative markers. Mean percentage of informative markers was 76.8%. PSEs showed significantly lower mean FAL compared with @entity133 and IADs (3.0% vs. 20.4% and 28.5%, respectively; P < 0.003). Only 1 case of PSE showed LOH of one marker in two different areas, whereas the majority of allelic losses in the @entity5 were present in two or more microdissected foci. Our study shows that PSEs harbor LOH of @entity5 suppressor genes at relatively low rates and in a random distribution compared with @entity133 and IADs, which show consistent allelic losses, and high FALs. These molecular differences may serve as an adjunct to histology in challenging glandular lesions of the lung.

title: Comparative mutational analysis of @entity358 , XXXX , and invasive well-differentiated @entity420 : a molecular approach to diagnostically challenging cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary scars']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['IAD', 'invasive well-differentiated adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['BACs', 'bronchioloalveolar carcinomas']

answer: @entity133 :: (MESH:D002282,Disease) :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinomas']


abstract: @entity1426 (AA) is the precursor molecule of a variety of cellular lipid mediators that interact with retinal physiology. In this study, we investigated the time- and illuminance-dependence of the release of AA in the @entity35 retina in vitro in control and @entity1091 -pretreated @entity35 . We also studied the effects of the specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor @entity3543 and the specific PLA2 stimulator @entity3348 on the release of AA. Isolated @entity35 retinas were labelled with 3H-AA for 90 min in vitro in darkness and the incorporation of AA into retinal phospholipids was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The release of 3H-AA in the incubation medium was determined under different illuminance and timing conditions, with the addition of @entity3543 and @entity3348 , and after pretreatment of the animals with @entity1091 . Light exposure of the prelabelled isolated retinas evoked up to a two-fold increase in AA release compared with retinas incubated for the same time in darkness. The AA release was dependent on illuminance time (10,000 1x white fluorescent light for 0.25, 2, 5 and 10 min) and illuminance level (0, 100, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 1x for 10 min). Complete rhodopsin bleaching occurred after 2 min at 10,000 1x. @entity3543 significantly suppressed the light-elicited AA release whereas @entity3348 increased the release of AA in dark-adapted and light-exposed retinas. @entity1091 pretreatment, which is known to potentiate light-evoked rod outer segment disruptions, significantly augmented the light-evoked AA release. Our results confirm a light-stimulated release of AA in the retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light-evoked @entity1426 release in the retina: illuminance/duration dependence and the effects of @entity3543 , XXXX and @entity1091 . Light-evoked @entity1426 release.

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['mellitin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity3348 :: (MESH:D008555,Chemical) :: ['mellitin']