abstract: There is a growing interest in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) as major players in the regulation of lipid and @entity1735 metabolism. Drugs targeting PPARs were in fact shown to have major relevance for the treatment of diseases associated with aging, such as @entity4288 and @entity6 . However, a variety of toxic effects associated with @entity3229 ligand administration has been documented, including hepatocarcinogenesis, which may severely limit its therapeutic use. A better comprehension of the multiplicity of @entity3229 physiological functions is therefore mandatory for the development of novel, safer drugs. We here describe the generation of a novel transgenic @entity19 for the detection of the generalized activities of PPARs, the @entity3229 responsive element-Luc reporter @entity19 . In this model luciferase expression is under the control of a @entity3229 -inducible promoter in all target organs. By optical imaging and ex vivo analysis, we were able to demonstrate the remarkable gender specificity of the @entity3229 transcriptional activity in liver. In fact, in the liver of female @entity3229 responsive element-Luc, the @entity3229 reporter transgene is more than one order of magnitude less expressed, thus leading to the conclusion that the signaling in females is much less activated than in males. Diet or hormonal manipulations as demonstrated here by treatments with high-fat diet or gonad removal and hormone replacement do not influence this low activation. The extent of the gender difference in @entity3229 transcriptional activity and the ineffectiveness of hormone treatments or diet to significantly elevate liver @entity3229 activity in females led us to hypothesize that gender-specific epigenetic events occurring during development may affect @entity3229 signaling in the liver. This study sets the ground for understanding the differential susceptibility of the two genders to @entity209 ; furthermore, the model generated provides a novel opportunity for the molecular characterization of @entity3229 activity in pathophysiological conditions.

title: A novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor responsive element-luciferase reporter XXXX reveals gender specificity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activity in liver.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies show that statins reduce total @entity165 (TC) concentration by both 21% in primary prevention (PP) and secondary prevention (SP) in clinical trials and by    24% in the general population. There are few data about the efficacy of statins on TC concentration and cardiovascular (CV) outcome in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We evaluated the reduction of TC concentration and subsequent risk of CV morbidity and mortality with statins in @entity740 @entity1 . METHODS: A population-based cohort study using a record-linkage database in Tayside, Scotland. A total of 2369 @entity1 who had a primary diagnosis of @entity740 from Scottish Morbidity Record data or biochemistry database (serum @entity1011 of 220    mol/l or higher) and who had at least two separate TC measurements between 1993 and 2007 were studied. @entity1 were categorized into @entity1780 -exposed and @entity1780 -unexposed groups according to @entity1780 use status during the follow-up. They were also classified into PP (n   =   1325) and SP (n   =   1044) cohorts at the entry date. The main outcomes were TC concentration change from baseline, CV events [Antiplatelet Trialist's Collaboration (APTC)] and all-cause mortality during the follow-up. Cox regression models, in which @entity1780 use was a time-dependent variable, were employed to assess the risk of outcome and adjusted for other known confounders. RESULTS: @entity1780 -associated TC concentrations decreased by 0.59   mmol/l (12%) in PP cohort and 0.56   mmol/l (13%) in SP cohort from 4.77 and 4.48   mmol/l at baselines, respectively. @entity1780 use was associated with a reduced risk of APTC events, CV mortality or all-cause mortality in PP {adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48-0.88]; 0.73 (95% CI 0.52-0.98); 0.59 (95% CI 0.48-0.73)} and SP [adjusted HR, 0.66 (95% CI 0.52-0.84); 0.60 (95% CI 0.47-0.77); 0.56 (95% CI 0.47-0.68)], respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1780 use reduced TC concentrations by    13% in @entity1 with @entity740 . Statins were protective of APTC events, CV mortality and all-cause mortality in @entity1 with or without established CV disease.

title: Effectiveness of statins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1780 :: ('CHEBI:35664', 'Chemical') :: ['statin', 'Statin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Hip @entity174 incidence rates in Hefei, China, over a period of 1  year (2010) were assessed. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and epidemiology of @entity173 in Hefei and compare it with other populations. All the @entity173 records were obtained from the Hefei Hospital Discharge Register for the entire population >= 50  years of age and restricted to cervical or trochanteric types. The incidence of @entity173 was standardized to the 2010 World population. A total of 1518 (aged  >= 50) @entity173 (628 in @entity1 , 890 in @entity1 ) were recorded during the study period. The age-adjusted incidence rate for 1  year was 144/100,000 (95  % CI  =  135-153/100,000) for @entity1 and 97/100,000 (95  % CI  =  85-109/100,000) for @entity1 . The standardized incidence rate against the 2010 World population was 151.7/100,000 for @entity1 and 98.2/100,000 for @entity1 . The mean age of @entity1 with a @entity173 was 74.5      10.1  years for @entity1 and 71.9      11.9  years for @entity1 . The overall female to male ratio of @entity173 was 1.48:1 for @entity173 incidence and 1.54:1 for standardized incidence. Simple fall accounted for 85  % @entity173 in total cases. Hefei has a lower incidence of @entity173 compared with Beijing and other countries from the five continents in recent studies, but a higher incidence than those cities in north-east China in the early 1990s. The inequality incidence in different geographic areas could be due to the urbanization or life expectancy of the population, but further investigation needs to be done to confirm this hypothesis. We also found a higher incidence in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Simple fall may be the main mechanism of injury for @entity173 .

title: XXXX in Hefei, China: the Hefei osteoporosis project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['Hip fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity leads to better survival in @entity3124 @entity1 . Although there are several studies confirming this thesis, the " @entity28 paradox" is still surprising from the clinician's perspective. One explanation for the " @entity28 paradox" is the fact that the body mass index (BMI), which is used in almost all clinical evaluations to determine weight categories, is not an appropriate measure of fat and skeletal muscle mass and its distribution in @entity3124 @entity1 . In addition, height and weight are frequently estimated rather than measured. @entity1144 has been identified in many disorders as an independent risk factor for an unfavourable outcome. The first clues are to be found in intensive care. Along with @entity28 , an individual's entire muscle mass is a variable that has an influence on outcome. @entity1144 can be measured relatively easily with an abdominal calliper, but the calculation of muscle mass is more complex. A valid and detailed measurement of this can be obtained using computed tomography (CT) images, acquired during routine care. For future clinical observation or interventional studies, single cross-sectional CT is a more sophisticated tool for measuring @entity1 ' anthropometry than a measuring tape and callipers. @entity1 with @entity28 , for example, who may be at a particular risk, can only be identified using imaging procedures such as single cross-sectional CT. Thus, BMI should take a back seat as an anthropometric tool, both in the clinic and in research.

title: [Above and beyond BMI : Alternative methods of measuring body fat and muscle mass in @entity3124 XXXX and their clinical significance].

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenic obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Applied Goldfriend and D'Zurilla's (1969) Behavior-Analytic Model to the development of a context-specific measure of stressful situations for adolescents with a serious, @entity102 . In completing the situational analysis phase of the model, 45 adolescents with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ), 20 parents of adolescents with @entity1577 , and 8 health care professionals completed structured interviews or daily diaries to obtain the widest range of problematic situations. The adolescent sample was recruited from two different medical centers, and stratified by sex and illness severity. A total of 1,174 problem situations were elicited across all @entity1 and then content-analyzed into 164 nonredundant items in 10 domains (e.g., Medications and Treatment, and School). Few relations were found between demographic variables (e.g., age and illness severity) and the number or difficulty of problematic situations. Both adolescents and parents mentioned the greatest number of problematic situations in the domains of School, Medications and Treatment, and Parent-Teen Relationship. In terms of difficulty, all three respondents (i.e., teens, parents, and health care professionals) rated problems with Clinic and Hospital Visits as very difficult. For the adolescent sample, problems in the Parent-Teen Relationship and Health Concerns were also highly difficult. Significant associations were found between the problematic situations we identified and standardized measures of social and emotional functioning. Adolescents who rated their problems as more difficult also endorsed more symptoms of @entity308 and lower perceptions of social competence. In a future study, the most salient items will be selected to create a role-play measure to elicit adolescents' coping strategies.

title: Identification and assessment of ongoing stressors in adolescents with a XXXX : an application of the behavior-analytic model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: Understanding the cellular effects of radiation-induced oxidation requires the unravelling of key molecular events, particularly damage to proteins with important cellular functions. The @entity526 @entity1132 operon is a classical model of gene regulation systems. Its functional mechanism involves the specific binding of a protein, the repressor, to a specific DNA sequence, the operator. We have shown previously that upon irradiation with gamma-rays in solution, the repressor loses its ability to bind the operator. Water radiolysis generates @entity3787 radicals ( @entity2145 * radicals) which attack the protein. Damage of the repressor DNA-binding domain, called the headpiece, is most likely to be responsible of this loss of function. Using CD, fluorescence spectroscopy and a combination of proteolytic cleavage with @entity15 , we have examined the state of the irradiated headpiece. CD measurements revealed a dose-dependent conformational change involving metastable intermediate states. Fluorescence measurements showed a gradual degradation of @entity669 residues. @entity15 was used to count the number of oxidations in different regions of the headpiece and to narrow down the parts of the sequence bearing oxidized residues. By calculating the relative probabilities of reaction of each @entity535 with @entity2145 . radicals, we can predict the most probable oxidation targets. By comparing the experimental results with the predictions we conclude that Tyr7, Tyr12, Tyr17, Met42 and Tyr47 are the most likely hotspots of oxidation. The loss of repressor function is thus correlated with chemical modifications and conformational changes of the headpiece.

title: Radiation-induced oxidative damage to the DNA-binding domain of the XXXX repressor.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1132 :: (MESH:D007785,Chemical) :: ['lactose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Significant @entity339 ( @entity339 ) may arise from isolated annular dilatation secondary to lone @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and associated @entity13678 . The aim of the present study is to assess the outcome of surgery for this condition. METHODS: Between November 2007 and July 2011, 20 @entity1 underwent mitral valve (MV) repair for severe @entity339 secondary to @entity955 . The median age of @entity1 was 77.5 years (45-82 years) and the mean pre-operative duration of @entity955 was 84.6    92 months. The left ventricle was moderately (ejection fraction 30-50%; n = 6) or severely (<30%; n = 1) impaired in seven @entity1 pre-operatively. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 8.1    5.9 and mean follow-up was 18.0    12.5 months. RESULTS: All operations were elective. Concomitant anti-arrhythmic procedures (maze procedure, @entity358 ) or left atrial (LA) appendage amputation were performed in all @entity1 ; tricuspid valve repair was undertaken in 12 @entity1 and coronary artery bypass grafting in 2 @entity1 . Ring annuloplasty was performed in all @entity1 . The median ring size was 30 mm (range 24-36 mm). On-table transoesophageal echocardiography post-repair showed mild residual @entity339 in two @entity1 and no @entity339 in the remainder. There were no cases of systolic anterior motion. There was one re-exploration for @entity548 . No @entity1 required haemofiltration or suffered from @entity64 . There was no in-hospital mortality. At discharge mean left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter was 4.8    0.7 cm compared with 5.6    0.7 cm pre-operatively (P < 0.005), while mean LV end-systolic diameter was 3.2    0.8 cm when compared with 4.0    0.7 cm pre-operatively (P < 0.005). The mean LA size was 5.2    1.0 cm when compared with 6.1    1.6 cm pre-operatively (P = 0.03). There was mild @entity339 in two @entity1 , but none in the rest. The mean MV area was 3.0    0.7 cm(2). The mean systolic pulmonary artery pressure was 40.4    15.5 mmHg when compared with 54.1    12.2 mmHg pre-operatively (P = 0.02). Seventeen @entity1 (85%) were in NYHA class I/II at latest follow-up (P < 0.0001 vs pre-operatively). During follow-up, there were no @entity887 , re-operation, @entity884 or @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: MV annuloplasty for annular dilatation secondary to @entity955 has a good mid-term outcome.

title: Mitral valve repair for severe @entity339 secondary to lone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke and deep sternal wound infections']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodelling']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein isolation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management and outcomes of pediatric @entity1 with @entity4115 initially presenting as acute @entity490 were evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: The case records of 84 @entity1 operated on for @entity4115 from January 1999 through May 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Of the total number of operated @entity1 , 9 presented with @entity490 but without @entity158 , and only they were included in the study. The diagnosis of @entity4115 was made clinically and confirmed by Doppler ultrasound and scrotal exploration. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity490 . The @entity1 's scrotum and testicles were not examined during the first evaluation in 6 cases, while in 3 cases the testicles were examined during the first physical examination. At surgery, 4 testes were salvaged, while 5 have been lost because of @entity39 . The mean duration of symptoms was 4  h in the group of salvaged testes and 39  h in the orchidectomy group. There were no major complications. CONCLUSION: @entity4115 should always be included in differential diagnosis when evaluating lower @entity490 in young males. The external genital organs should be examined in every @entity1 or adolescent with acute @entity490 .

title: Do not forget to include XXXX in differential diagnosis of lower acute @entity490 in young males.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['testicular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['testicular torsion', 'Testicular torsion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['initial scrotal pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain and vomiting']

answer: @entity4115 :: (MESH:D013086,Disease) :: ['testicular torsion']


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: To examine the patterns of use, complication rates, and survival in elderly recipients of @entity737 ( @entity737 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: We followed 500 consecutive @entity1 included in the Marburg Defibrillator database for 48+/-39 months. There were 40 @entity1 (8%) >/= 75 and 460 (92%) < 75 years of age at the time of implant. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate for appropriate treatment of VT or VF by @entity737 was 49% among @entity1 < 75- versus 57% among @entity1 >/= 75-years-old (P = 0.17). The 5-year @entity944 rate was similarly low in both groups of @entity1 (2% versus 3%). The 5-year overall mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity1 >/= 75 than in @entity1 < 75 years of age (55% versus 21%, P = 0.001), due to a higher mortality from @entity712 ( @entity712 ). All procedure-related, lead-related, and pulse generator-related complications were similar in both @entity1 groups (23% versus 25%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity737 therapy was equally effective in @entity1 >/= 75 and @entity1 < 75 years of age in the prevention of @entity1164 . While the complication rates were similar in both age groups, the long-term mortality was considerably higher in elderly @entity1 , due to a higher mortality from @entity712 . The current @entity737 therapy guidelines appear applicable to elderly @entity1 who are otherwise medically stable and without advanced @entity712 .

title: Outcomes of elderly recipients of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillators']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different cervical manipulation techniques for @entity4048 ( @entity4048 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity4048 of at least 1 month's duration (n = 65) were randomly allocated to 3 groups: (1) stretching (control), (2) stretching plus manually applied manipulation (MAM), and (3) stretching plus instrument-applied manipulation (IAM). MAM consisted of a single high-velocity, low-amplitude cervical chiropractic manipulation, whereas IAM involved the application of a single cervical manipulation using an (Activator IV) adjusting instrument. Preintervention and postintervention measurements were taken of all outcomes measures. @entity158 was the primary outcome and was measured using visual analogue scale and pressure @entity158 thresholds. Secondary outcomes included cervical range of motion, hand grip-strength, and wrist blood pressure. Follow-up subjective @entity158 scores were obtained via telephone text message 7 days postintervention. RESULTS: Subjective @entity158 scores decreased at 7-day follow-up in the MAM group compared with control (P = .015). @entity717 bilaterally (ipsilateral: P = .002; contralateral: P = .015) and lateral flexion on the contralateral side to manipulation (P = .001) increased following MAM. Hand grip-strength on the contralateral side to manipulation (P = .013) increased following IAM. No moderate or severe adverse events were reported. Mild adverse events were reported on 6 occasions (control, 4; MAM, 1; IAM, 1). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that a single cervical manipulation is capable of producing immediate and short-term benefits for @entity4048 . The study also demonstrates that not all manipulative techniques have the same effect and that the differences may be mediated by neurological or biomechanical factors inherent to each technique.

title: Manual and Instrument Applied Cervical Manipulation for Mechanical Neck XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical rotation']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['MNP', 'mechanical neck pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Nutritive and bioactive components of @entity1 milk could be involved in programming metabolic systems that affect bone growth throughout the life course. Bone properties in childhood and adolescence might differ, depending on breastfeeding duration. Thus, breastfeeding could be a relevant factor in the context of primary @entity170 prevention. The prospective association between breastfeeding duration and bone properties was investigated using the data of 284 @entity1 of the Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study. Breastfeeding duration was assessed during infancy. Bone properties were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at ages 5-23 years. Cortical volumetric bone mineral density, cortical bone mineral content, strength strain index, total cross-sectional area of the bone and cross-sectional area of the cortical bone were determined at the 65% site of the radius. Linear regression analyses were performed to check for differences in pQCT parameters of subjects who had not or shortly been breastfed (0-16 weeks) and subjects who had been breastfed for a long duration (>= 17 weeks). Multivariable models adjusted for age, gender, forearm length, muscle cross-sectional area, body mass index standard deviation score ( @entity214 ), height @entity214 and socio-economic status did not yield associations between breastfeeding duration and pQCT parameters. These findings suggest neither protective nor adverse effects of prolonged breastfeeding on bone health in childhood and adolescence. Influences of early nutrition on bone growth might be overridden by current effects of mechanical loads on bone physiology.

title: Is breastfeeding related to bone properties? A longitudinal analysis of associations between breastfeeding duration and pQCT parameters in XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3119 co-occur in certain @entity146 conditions. Some have suggested that these disturbances constitute a spectrum of altered psychologies and behaviors that share an underlying neuropathology. We investigate here whether obsessive- @entity3119 and @entity23 reflect related psychological dimensions in a non-clinical adolescent population. Out of 720 high-school students, 672 and 682 completed a questionnaire interview with a Chinese version of the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), respectively. Both MOCI and BIS-11 demonstrated good overall internal consistency, each with three major factors identified with Principal Component Analysis. In the 638 @entity1 who completed both questionnaires, the total MOCI and BIS-11 scores did not correlate with each other. However, the MOCI factor "repetitive checking and attention to details" correlated negatively with the BIS-11 factor "inability to plan and look ahead" for all @entity1 , and for males and females separately. The same MOCI factor also correlated negatively with the BIS-11 factors "lack of perseverance and self-control" and "novelty-seeking and acting without thinking" for all @entity1 , and for females but not for males. The MOCI factor "doubt and intrusive thoughts" correlated positively with the BIS-11 factor "lack of perseverance and self-control" for all @entity1 , and for males but not for females. These results suggested that the relationship between obsessive- @entity3119 and @entity23 as measured by the MOCI and the BIS-11 is complicated, with gender playing an important modulatory role. We discuss the relevance of these findings to developing a conceptual scheme to characterize and study the neurobiological basis of @entity3119 .

title: Obsessive- @entity3119 and XXXX in a non-clinical population of adolescent males and females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsiveness', 'Obsessive-compulsive and impulsive behaviors', 'obsessive-compulsive and impulsive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulsivity']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to correlate the type and frequency of cell death in @entity1 lymphocytes receiving variable doses of X-irradiation. Monocyte-depleted lymphocyte fractions were exposed in vitro to variable doses of X-rays of 0-20 Gy (0-2000 rads) and incubated for 4 and 16 h. An assessment of the mode of cell death (apoptosis vs. classical @entity39 ) was carefully evaluated using a multidisciplinary approach using light, fluorescence and electron microscopy (EM), and dye exclusion assays. @entity1711 exclusion assays indicated the absence of classical @entity39 occurring in short-term cultures (4 h postirradiation). An assessment of cell counts, however, revealed a mean decrease of 4% at 0 Gy and 13% at 10-20 Gy (1000-2000 rads). The predominant mode of cell death was apoptosis, but the percent apoptotic cells (determined by EM) did not parallel this increase in cell loss with increasing radiation and actually decreased at doses above 5 Gy (500 rads). The discrepancy between percent cell loss and percent apoptosis was explained by a proposed change in overall duration of the apoptotic process. In long-term cultures (16 h postirradiation), a combination of classical @entity39 , classical apoptosis, and combined apoptosis and @entity39 (secondary @entity39 of apoptotic cells) was apparent and was associated with a marked decrease in viability. Irradiation effects on lymphocytes showing none of the morphologic features of apoptosis or classical @entity39 in short-term culture were evidenced by an increase in nuclear lobation. The results of this study indicate that the vast majority of peripheral blood lymphocytes are radioresistant. The use of irradiation in an in vitro model to study the biochemical events of the apoptotic process is also evaluated.

title: Change in the frequency of apoptosis after low- and high-dose X-irradiation of XXXX lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Between June, 1977, and April, 1983, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) sponsored a phase III study comparing fast neutron radiotherapy as part of a mixed beam (neutron/photon) regimen with conventional photon (x-ray) radiotherapy for @entity1 with locally advanced (Stages C and D1) @entity263 . A total of 91 analyzable @entity1 were entered into the study with the two treatment groups balanced in regard to all major prognostic variables. The current analysis is for a median follow-up of 6.7 years (range 3.4-9.0 yrs.). The results are statistically significant in favor of the mixed-beam group of all parameters mentioned. At five years the freedom from local/regional relapse rate is 81 percent on the mixed-beam arm compared with 60 percent on the photon arm. The actuarial overall survival rate at five years is 70 percent on the mixed beam compared with 56 percent on the conventional photon arm. The determinantal survival at five years (which excluded @entity204 due to @entity66 in @entity1 clinically free of @entity5 ) was 82 percent on the mixed-beam arm compared with 61 percent on the photon arm. The type of therapy appeared to be the most important predictor of both @entity5 control and @entity1 survival in a step-wise Cox analysis. There was no difference in the treatment-related morbidity for the two @entity1 groups. Mixed-beam therapy may be superior to standard photon radiotherapy for treatment of locally advanced @entity263 .

title: Fast neutron radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX . Update of a past trial and future research directions.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['intercurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'local tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change in self-reported @entity1296 handicap after surgical repair using the cartilage cap occlusion technique in cases of @entity6783 ( @entity6783 ). STUDY DESIGN: Repeated measures, retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 over a 2-year period who underwent surgical repair of @entity6783 using the cartilage cap occlusion technique. INTERVENTION: Therapeutic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Preoperative and postoperative @entity1296 Handicap Inventory ( @entity6382 ) questionnaires were completed (median, interquartile range). RESULTS: Preoperative (48, 28-56) and postoperative (33, 19-50) total scores were not significantly different. Scores for @entity1 with moderate/severe preoperative @entity6382 scores ( @entity6382 , >30; n = 14) demonstrated significant change (p = 0.001, Wilcoxon paired sample test), whereas those with mild scores did not ( @entity6382 ,  <= 30; n = 6; p = 0.67). CONCLUSION: Change in @entity6382 score is variable. As described by @entity6382 score, @entity1 with higher preoperative handicap may demonstrate significant improvement after surgery, whereas those with mild handicap may not. These results are similar to previous reports and indicate that the cartilage cap occlusion technique may provide an alternative to middle fossa craniotomy approach for surgical management of symptomatic @entity6783 .

title: XXXX handicap after cartilage cap occlusion for superior semicircular canal dehiscence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['superior canal dehiscence', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['Dizziness', 'dizziness']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['Dizziness']


abstract: Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that @entity74 in drug-metabolizing enzymes encoded by @entity5060 , @entity4433 genes and by the transporter @entity1262 gene can influence @entity3174 ( @entity461 ) plasma levels and @entity137 . The @entity1 reported here is a 2-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of cryptogenic (probably symptomatic) @entity302 , who had her first focal @entity410 with secondary generalization at 13 months of age. She initially received oral @entity1092 treatment and three months later, she was prescribed an oral @entity2051 treatment. At 20 months of age, she was admitted to the Emergency Department because of generalized @entity159 needing to be immediately treated with rectal @entity3175 (0.5   mg   kg(-1)), intravenous @entity3175 (0.3   mg   kg(-1)), and intravenous @entity3174 with an initial-loading dose of 15   mg   kg(-1). However, two hours after the initial-loading dose of @entity461 , the @entity1 developed @entity1296 , @entity346 , @entity2055 and excessive sedation. Other potential causes of @entity461 @entity137 were excluded such as drug interactions, decreased albumin or lab error. Therefore, to explain the @entity137 , @entity461 plasma levels and @entity5060 , @entity4433 and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Initial plasma @entity461 levels were higher than expected (69   mg   l(-1); normal range: 10-20   mg   l(-1)), and the @entity1 was homozygous for the @entity5060 *2 allele, heterozygous for the @entity4433 *4 allele and homozygous for the 3435C and 1236C @entity1262 alleles. Present findings support the previously established relationship between @entity5060 and @entity4433 genetic polymorphisms and the increased risk to develop @entity461 @entity137 owing to high plasma concentrations. Nevertheless, although the association of these genes with @entity461 -induced adverse effects has been well-documented in adult populations, this is the first report examining the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on @entity461 plasma levels and @entity137 in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: @entity137 after @entity3174 infusion in a pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 : influence of @entity5060 , XXXX and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive Status Epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity4433 :: (1557,Gene) :: ['CYP2C19']


abstract: Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) plays a role in @entity209 . Adipogenesis is suggested to modulate @entity28 and @entity28 -related consequences, such as @entity209 . Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major source of adipocyte generation, the influence of RAS on MSC differentiation to adipocyte is unknown. We evaluated the expression of endogenous RAS in @entity1 MSCs during its differentiation to adipocytes and studied the effects of @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), @entity2178 type 1 receptor blocker @entity917 , and type 2 ( @entity1129 (2)) receptor blocker @entity11083 . Our data showed that differentiation was associated with an increase in cellular @entity916 and @entity1129 (2) receptor expression and a concomitant decrease in @entity2178 and angiotensin-converting enzyme expression. The net effect is an increase in endogenous cellular @entity2178 production. Incubation with @entity2178 (exogenous) inhibited adipogenesis. Combined treatment of exogenous @entity2178 and @entity917 further inhibited adipogenesis, whereas combined treatment of @entity2178 and @entity11083 completely abolished the inhibition of adipogenesis, suggesting an important role for the @entity1129 (2) receptor. Blockade of endogenous @entity2178 effect by incubation with @entity917 alone inhibited adipogenesis, whereas @entity11083 alone promoted adipogenesis, confirming the data using exogenous @entity2178 . The combination of @entity917 and @entity11083 had no net effect. Our data demonstrate an important role of the expression of the local RAS in the regulation of @entity1 MSC differentiation to adipocytes. Elucidation of the molecular mechanism should provide important insight into the pathophysiology of the @entity209 and the development of future therapeutics.

title: Local XXXX angiotensin expression regulates @entity1 mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'angiotensinogen', 'Ang II']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity14303 is a rare and benign condition that generally occurs in young generations without any precipitating factor or underlying disease. The purpose of this study is to review our experience in dealing with this entity and detail a reasonable course of assessment and management. METHODS: From December 1999 to May 2012, 32 spontaneous @entity14303 @entity1 were managed in our hospital. We retrospectively reviewed the result of management. RESULTS: @entity1 ranged in age from 10 to 38 years, with the mean age of 18.3  5.6 years. Twenty-five @entity1 were @entity1 and seven were @entity1 . Initial WBC count was 10,039  2,993/  L and thirty-one @entity1 underwent computed tomography. Twenty-two @entity1 underwent esophagography and results were shown to be normal. Twenty-five @entity1 were admitted in the hospital and the mean duration of admission was 3.4  2.0 days. All @entity1 were managed conservatively and discharged without any complications. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous @entity14303 is a benign condition combined with mild inflammatory signs and secondary causes must to excluded to avoid unfavorable outcomes and select proper management modality.

title: Clinical analysis of spontaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

answer: @entity14303 :: (MESH:D008478,Disease) :: ['pneumomediastinum']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study whether the isolated intervention of high-speed, low-amplitude spinal manipulation in the cervical spine has any effect on @entity12417 . DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial with a blinded observer. SETTING: Ambulatory outpatient facility in an independent research institution. @entity1 : Fifty-three subjects suffering from frequent @entity10 who fulfilled the International @entity10 Society criteria for @entity12417 (excluding radiological criteria). These subjects were recruited from 450 @entity10 sufferers who responded to newspaper advertisements. INTERVENTION: After randomization, 28 of the group received high-velocity, @entity258 twice a week for 3 wk. The remaining 25 received low-level laser in the upper cervical region and deep friction massage (including trigger points) in the lower cervical/upper thoracic region, also twice a week for 3 wk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The change from week 1 to week 5 in analgesic use per day, in @entity10 intensity per episode and in number of @entity10 hours per day, as registered in a @entity10 diary. RESULTS: The use of analgesics decreased by 36% in the manipulation group, but was unchanged in the soft-tissue group; this difference was statistically significant (p = .04, chi 2 for trend). The number of @entity10 hours per day decreased by 69% in the manipulation group, compared with 37% in the soft-tissue group; this was significant at p = .03 (Mann-Whitney). Finally, @entity10 intensity per episode decreased by 36% in the manipulation group, compared with 17% in the soft-tissue group; this was significant at p = .04 (Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION: Spinal manipulation has a significant positive effect in cases of @entity12417 .

title: The effect of spinal manipulation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-amplitude cervical manipulation']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headache']

answer: @entity12417 :: (MESH:D051298,Disease) :: ['cervicogenic headache']


abstract: The long duration of 4 months of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is currently recommended for locally advanced @entity5 after preoperative chemoradiation and surgery. Whether a short duration could be applied in these @entity1 is unknown. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects on prognosis based on different durations of adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 .We performed a retrospective study of 200 @entity5 @entity1 who were treated with preoperative chemoradiation and were pathologically graded as ypII and ypIII stages between March 2003 and May 2012. All @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the median duration of adjuvant chemotherapy of 2 months. Overall survival (OS) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) were compared between @entity1 with duration shorter and longer than 2 months in the whole group and subgroups of ypII and ypIII. Recurrence patterns were also analyzed in all subgroups. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore clinical factors that were significantly associated with @entity66 , local recurrence-free survival, and distant @entity3 -free survival.In subgroup of ypII stage, the 5-year OS and @entity66 were similar between @entity1 in long and short durations of adjuvant chemotherapy. For @entity1 of ypIII stage, although no significant difference was found in OS between @entity1 in short and long durations, @entity66 was showed to be higher in the group of long duration. Further analysis showed that longer duration of adjuvant chemotherapy could lead to improved control of distant @entity3 and no impact on local control. Multivariable analysis indicated that long duration of adjuvant chemotherapy is significantly associated with longer distant @entity3 -free survival in @entity1 with ypIII stage, but not in those with ypII stage.A long duration of at least 2 months of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for @entity1 with ypIII stage, whereas it may not be absolutely appropriate for those with ypII stage. Therefore, we suggest a tailored selection of durations of adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity5 .

title: Is It Possible to Shorten the Duration of Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-free survival', 'DFS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: A length-dependent @entity16 with @entity158 in the feet is a common complication of @entity6 ( @entity3949 ). It was hypothesized that @entity158 may arise from sensitized-hyperactive cutaneous nociceptors, and that this abnormal signaling may be reduced by topical administration of the a(2)-adrenergic agonist, @entity1338 , to the @entity158 area. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter trial. Nociceptor function was measured by determining the @entity158 of 0.1% topical @entity2951 applied to the pretibial area of each subject for 30minutes during screening. Subjects were then randomized to receive 0.1% topical @entity1338 gel (n=89) or placebo gel (n=90) applied 3 times a day to their feet for 12weeks. The difference in foot @entity158 at week 12 in relation to baseline, rated on a 0-10 numerical @entity158 rating scale (NPRS), was compared between groups. Baseline NPRS was imputed for missing data for subjects who terminated the study early. The subjects treated with @entity1338 showed a trend toward decreased foot @entity158 compared to the placebo-treated group (the primary endpoint; P=0.07). In subjects who felt any level of @entity158 to @entity2951 , @entity1338 was superior to placebo (P<0.05). In subjects with a @entity2951 @entity158 rating    2 (0-10, NPRS), the mean decrease in foot @entity158 was 2.6 for active compared to 1.4 for placebo (P=0.01). Topical @entity1338 gel significantly reduces the level of foot @entity158 in @entity3949 subjects with functional (and possibly sensitized) nociceptors in the affected skin as revealed by testing with topical @entity2951 . Screening for cutaneous nociceptor function may help distinguish candidates for topical therapy for @entity9 .

title: Randomized control trial of topical @entity1338 for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'painfulness']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: The general consensus is that brain @entity750 ( @entity750 ) inhibits feed intake in teleost fishes and other vertebrates. Dietary manipulations with the @entity750 precursor @entity2340 (TRP) have, however, yielded contradictory effects on feed intake, while studies of the endocrine response to stress indicate that the effects of TRP-enriched feed are context dependent. A characteristic behavioural response to stress is a reduction in feed intake, and in the present study we investigated whether pre-treatment with TRP-enriched feed affected stress-induced changes in feeding behaviour in brown trout (Salmo trutta). After acclimatisation in observation aquaria, isolated fish were fed control or TRP-supplemented feed for 7 d, whereupon they were transferred to a novel environment, in which all fish were fed control feed. Transfer to a new environment resulted in decreased feeding in both the TRP pre-treated and the control-treated group. However, this decrease was more pronounced in the control-treated group. Previous experiments have concluded that stimulation of brain @entity750 systems by TRP enhancement does not affect feed intake in salmonid fishes, but in these studies food intake was observed in unstressed animals only. The present study suggests that pre-treatment with dietary TRP attenuates stress-induced @entity448 . Hence, it appears that the effect of dietary manipulations of TRP on feeding behaviour is dependent on the stress levels experienced by experimental animals. These behavioural data are discussed in the context of the involvement of @entity750 in appetite regulation.

title: Attenuation of stress-induced XXXX in brown trout (Salmo trutta) by pre-treatment with dietary l-tryptophan.

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

answer: @entity448 :: (MESH:D000855,Disease) :: ['anorexia']


abstract: Anaphylaxis is a serious systemic @entity56 reaction that is rapid in onset and can cause @entity204 . Premature newborns, whose immunological system is immature, are less likely to develop @entity2021 . Administration of @entity4509 , containing @entity9732 , to a 3-day-old @entity21130 , induced a near fatal @entity2021 . After suspicion of @entity295 , the baby was started on @entity4509 . Clinical improvement was observed after initiation of treatment. On the third day of treatment with @entity4509 , the newborn suddenly developed @entity7405 , @entity591 , @entity113 and @entity848 . Anaphylaxis was diagnosed and treated. Latent reaction occurred after one hour of clinical improvement. The baby was intubated immediately. Anaphylaxis is a medical emergency; therefore the clinicians should have a rapid and careful assessment about this potentially fatal reaction. Even after successful treatment of @entity2021 , the @entity1 should be under observation for 72 hours because of the possibility of a biphasic reaction.

title: Anaphylaxis after administration of @entity4509 containing @entity9732 in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21130 :: ('MESH:D006475', 'Disease') :: ['premature newborn']

entities_list: @entity9732 :: ('MESH:C005200', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium metabisulfite']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity21130 :: (MESH:D006475,Disease) :: ['premature newborn']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Current recommendations emphasize developmental screening and surveillance to identify @entity245 ( @entity245 ) for referral to early intervention (EI) services. Many young @entity1 without @entity245 , however, are at high risk for poor developmental and behavioral outcomes by school entry but are ineligible for EI. We developed models for 2-year-olds without @entity336 that predict, at kindergarten entry, poor @entity4207 performance and high problem behaviors. METHODS: Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B), were used for this study. The analytic sample excluded @entity1 likely eligible for EI because of @entity245 or very low birth weight. Dependent variables included low @entity4207 scores and high problem behaviors at the kindergarten wave. Regression models were developed by using candidate predictors feasibly obtainable during typical 2-year well- @entity1 visits. Models were cross-validated internally on randomly selected subsamples. RESULTS: Approximately 24% of all 2-year-old @entity1 were ineligible for EI at 2 years of age but still had poor @entity4207 or behavioral outcomes at school entry. Prediction models each contain 9 variables, almost entirely parental, social, or economic. Four variables were associated with both @entity4207 and behavioral risk: parental education below bachelor's degree, little/no shared reading at home, food insecurity, and fair/poor parental health. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve were 0.76 for @entity4207 risk and 0.71 for behavioral risk. Adding the mental scale score from the Bayley Short Form-Research Edition did not improve areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for either model. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 ineligible for EI services, a small set of clinically available variables at age 2 years predicted @entity4207 and behavioral outcomes at school entry.

title: Predictors of Poor School Readiness in XXXX Without @entity245 at Age 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delays', 'DDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: For investigation of how the @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) system participates in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 , type 2 @entity6 db/db and control db/m @entity19 were treated intraperitoneally with vehicle or 2 mg/kg of a pan- @entity1611 receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity21926 , twice a week for 8 wk. Efficacy of @entity21926 treatment in the kidney was verified by the inhibition of @entity1611 receptor-1 phosphorylation. Glomerular @entity1611 immunostaining, normally increased in @entity6 , was unaffected by @entity21926 . Plasma @entity1011 did not change with @entity6 or @entity21926 treatment. The primary end point of @entity633 increased approximately four-fold in the @entity6 db/db @entity19 but was significantly ameliorated by @entity21926 . Correlates of @entity633 were investigated. @entity2316 membrane thickening was prevented in the @entity21926 -treated db/db @entity19 , whereas mesangial matrix expansion remained unchanged by treatment. The density of open slit pores between podocyte foot processes was decreased in db/db @entity6 but was partly increased toward normal by @entity21926 . Finally, @entity22204 protein by immunofluorescence was decreased in the db/db @entity19 but was significantly restored by @entity21926 . Paradoxically, total @entity22204 protein by immunoblotting was increased in @entity6 , pointing toward a possible dysregulation of @entity22204 trafficking. Diabetic @entity633 is partially a function of @entity1611 receptor signaling overactivity. @entity1611 signaling was found to affect a number of podocyte-driven manifestations such as GBM thickening, slit pore density, and @entity22204 quantity, all of which are associated with the extent of @entity6 @entity633 . By impeding these pathophysiologic processes, @entity1611 receptor inhibition by @entity21926 might become a useful adjunct to anti- @entity633 therapy in @entity2316 .

title: Blockade of @entity1611 signaling ameliorates @entity6 @entity633 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic kidney disease', 'Diabetic glomerular basement']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: 1. Somatic K currents of cultured hippocampal, striatal, and spinal cord neurons of embryonic @entity35 were recorded under voltage clamp in membrane spheres ("blebs") excised by means of a tight-seal pipette. 2. The somatic K current in blebs was subject to rapid and near complete inactivation during 300-ms depolarizations, whereas whole-cell K currents included a substantial maintained component. Size and kinetic properties of bleb and whole-cell currents were stable throughout the recording period. 3. The steady-state inactivation of somatic A current was steeply voltage dependent and complete near voltage levels that activated current, whereas peak conductances did not saturate during depolarizations up to +90 mV. Activation started with a delay. Half-times of activation decreased with depolarization, but half-times of inactivation varied little with depolarization. Recovery from inactivation followed a sigmoidal time course with half-times of approximately 50 ms. 4. Half-times of activation and inactivation varied over more than an order of magnitude between individual neurons. Midpoint potentials of inactivation and peak conductance varied over approximately 40 mV. The parameter ranges of hippocampal, striatal, and spinal cord neurons overlapped. 5. Individual soma membranes revealed signs of K channel heterogeneity in their @entity973 block, current fluctuations, and current kinetics. On the other hand, currents elicited after conditioning pulses that established varied degrees of steady-state inactivation or of recovery from full inactivation had superimposable time courses. 6. The described characteristics of the somatic A channels are compared with those reported for the @entity10902 , @entity36780 , and mShal products expressed in @entity1238 oocytes. Whereas the ranges of @entity734 and of most kinetic characteristics are compatible among native and cloned channels, these three cloned channels recover much more slowly from inactivation. In addition, inactivation in native channels, unlike that in @entity10902 and @entity36780 channels, was stable after excision in a subcellular fragment.

title: Transient K current in the somatic membrane of cultured central neurons of embryonic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['voltage dependencies']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of stimulant medication on the sleep functioning of @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ) and identify predictors of @entity25 as a side effect of taking stimulant medication. METHOD: One hundred sixty-three stimulant-na  ve @entity1 (72% @entity1 ) aged 7 to 11 years diagnosed with @entity71 (120 with @entity71 predominantly inattentive type, 43 with @entity71 combined type) participated in a 4-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of once-daily (long-acting) @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ). Parents completed weekly side-effect ratings including an item related to @entity25 . RESULTS: Ten percent of @entity1 had parent-rated @entity25 before the initiation of medication. Rates of parent-rated @entity25 during @entity7541 titration generally increased with increasing @entity7541 dose (placebo: 8%; low dose: 18%; medium dose: 15%; high dose: 25%). Differences emerged between @entity1 with (n = 16) or without (n = 147) preexisting @entity25 . Although 23% of @entity1 without preexisting @entity25 went on to have @entity25 at the highest @entity7541 dose, only 37.5% of @entity1 with preexisting @entity25 still had @entity25 at the highest @entity7541 dose. Lower weight and lower body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased @entity25 during @entity7541 titration. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated a general association between increased @entity7541 dose and increased @entity25 in @entity1 with @entity71 , particularly for @entity1 of lower weight/BMI. However, a substantial proportion of @entity1 with preexisting sleep difficulties no longer had @entity25 on the highest @entity7541 dose, which may help explain mixed findings reported to date in studies examining the impact of @entity7541 on sleep functioning in @entity1 with @entity71 and suggests that @entity7541 dose titration should not be avoided solely on the basis of a @entity1 's premorbid @entity25 . Future research is needed to replicate and extend these findings to more specific domains of sleep functioning and to identify differences between @entity1 with persistent or improved sleep functioning as a result of @entity7541 use.

title: Effects of @entity2727 on Sleep Functioning in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: Management of severe pre-eclamptic @entity1 is a challenge for the staff on obstetrical wards. We demonstrate that ultrasound applied to several organs performed at a @entity1 's bedside gave the information required for the @entity1 's management, without the need to transfer her to the radiology department or to call external consultants. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 29-yr-old severely pre-eclamptic @entity1 with @entity2102 ( @entity2142 , cytolysis, @entity882 ) presented, in the post-partum period, with an occult uterine @entity548 diagnosed with bedside abdominal/pelvic ultrasound. Ultrasound was also used to insert a central venous catheter. After undergoing a hysterectomy to control @entity548 and receiving activated factor VII, the @entity1 recovered uneventfully. Hemodynamic management was optimized non-invasively using pulmonary and cardiac ultrasound, when the @entity1 developed @entity548 followed by @entity3126 . Volume replacement was guided by cardiac ultrasound findings, and we were able to detect incipient @entity3126 and follow its course using pulmonary ultrasound. CONCLUSION: Practitioners must be aware of the role of whole-body ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of complex, multi-organ conditions such as @entity1468 . Moreover, ultrasound helps in the management of global hemodynamics. The training of anesthesiologists in a variety of ultrasound techniques should be encouraged.

title: [Role of whole-body ultrasound in severe XXXX and post-partum @entity548 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the change of the @entity989 fibre layer under different refractive conditions, as measured by optical coherence tomography. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. @entity1 : A total of 107 eyes from 107 subjects were studied. METHODS: @entity989 fibre layer were studied by a spectral-domain system. Their relationship against spherical equivalents and axial length was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The thickness of @entity989 at different area and under different refractive conditions as measurements by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The average, superior and inferior macular @entity4494 cell complex thickness was significantly associated with both spherical equivalents (all P < 0.05) and axial length (all P < 0.05). Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses from the superior, inferior and temporal quadrants were associated with both spherical equivalents (all P < 0.01), axial length (all P < 0.05) and @entity4494 cell complex thickness (all P < 0.001), except for the nasal part. However, if the retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was studied in sections, then some parts of the upper and lower temporal part showed no correlation with either spherical equivalents or axial length (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The thicknesses of the @entity4494 cell complex and most of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer were correlated with refraction and axial length. Therefore, when using these for clinical purposes, attention must be paid to the refractive state of the @entity1 .

title: Effect of myopia on @entity989 fibre layer measurements: a Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography study of young Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fibre layer', 'Ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve', 'ganglion cell complex and peripapillary retinal nerve']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: A pharmacokinetic model of the @entity2690 - @entity413 system was used to examine the effectiveness of @entity2690 administered by a variety of routes and regimens for @entity6 . The blood plasma concentration of @entity413 was set at 1,000 mg. per dl., and the effects of the following @entity2690 regimens on the @entity413 plasma level were compared: low dose (90mU. per kg. per hr.) administered by hourly intramuscular injection, constant-rate infusion, hourly intravenous bolus, constant-rate infusion with intravenous loading dose, and high dose (2 U. per kg.) with half given as an intravenous bolus and the remainder administered subcutaneously. Computer simulations showed that the high-dose regimen reduced the plasma @entity413 concentration rapidly to a hypoglycemic level (less than 34 mg. per dl. at three hours postadministration). The low-dose regimens reduced the plasma @entity413 level more slowly than did the high-dose regimen. Differences among the low-dose regimens were noted. The initial decline of the plasma @entity413 level was relatively slow with both the intramuscular and constant-rate infusion regimens. An additional problem with the intramuscular regimen was the accumulation of @entity2690 at sites of administration. This accumulation could make judgment of the appropriate time to discontinue @entity2690 difficult. Both the hourly intravenous bolus and the constant-rate infusion with loading-dose regimens caused a prompt decline in the plasma @entity413 level. Their potential for causing @entity4053 was low provided @entity2690 was discontinued when the plasma @entity413 level reached 180 mg. per dl.

title: Pharmacokinetic evaluation of dosing regimens for @entity2690 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormal macrophages polarization at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to development of @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ). The reason why macrophages polarization changed in @entity1468 is still unclear. Decidual mesenchymal stem cells (dMSCs) could regulate macrophage polarization. However, miRNAs in dMSCs of @entity1468 were maladjusted. Therefore, we speculated that miRNA may affect dMSCs-regulated macrophage polarization. In this study, we found that @entity20991 over-expressed dMSCs inhibit M2 macrophages polarization and this inhibitory effect is mediated by @entity20991 -reduced @entity1421 secretion. Furthermore, we proved that @entity20991 is induced by @entity1934 . In summary, our findings suggest that high expression of @entity1934 in @entity1468 decidua stimulates @entity20991 in dMSCs and attenuates the regulation of MSC switching macrophage toward M2 type, contributing to an immune imbalance at maternal-fetal interface. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity1934 -induced @entity20991 inhibits macrophage polarization via suppressing XXXX secretion in mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['PGE2']


abstract: @entity5 that are radioresistant or cause bony compression of the spinal cord often require surgical decompression to protect or restore neurological function. @entity3 and @entity5 such as @entity1582 usually arise in the vertebral body, which can collapse and become unstable, and can compress the anterior columns of the cord. Laminectomy is often ineffective in these @entity1 , and direct anterior decompression through thoracotomy is the widely-accepted solution to the neurological problem. The anterior surgical approach is particularly challenging in the upper thoracic spine. @entity1 with limited pulmonary reserve due to pneumonectomy or pulmonary @entity3 might not tolerate the loss of lung capacity necessitated by either thoracotomy or thoracoscopy. Because posterior instrumentation is usually needed to provide stability following corpectomy and spinal cord decompression, posterolateral approaches to spinal cord decompression have gained favor in recent years. Posterolateral decompression offers advantages over the combined anterior and posterior approach, reducing operative time, morbidity, and hospital stay. Drawbacks to traditional posterolateral decompressions include poor visualization of the @entity5 immediately anterior to the spinal cord and the need to manipulate the spinal cord to completely remove a @entity5 adherent to the dura. Endoscopically assisted posterolateral decompression allows decompression of the anterior surface of the spinal cord, the point of pressure in most circumstances. Endoscopic video assistance facilitates vertebrectomy, cord decompression, and anterior reconstruction, all performed through the same posterior incision. Endoscopic assisted spinal cord decompression dramatically reduces morbidity, ICU requirements, and inpatient hospitalization and has proven useful for a variety of @entity3 at every level of the spinal column.

title: Posterolateral spinal cord decompression in @entity1 with XXXX : an endoscopic assisted approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal tumors', 'tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'Metastatic lesions']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The continuous infusion of the loop diuretic, @entity11623 , has been shown to be effective in the treatment of severe refractory @entity4 . Musculoskeletal symptoms have been reported with @entity11623 following both oral and intermittent i.v. bolus therapy. It has been suggested that these adverse effects do not occur with continuous infusion. We describe, however, a series of @entity1 with @entity712 who developed severe @entity85 during the continuous infusion of humetanide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of @entity11623 -induced @entity85 during continuous i.v. infusion in @entity1 with severe @entity712 . METHODS: @entity712 @entity1 receiving continuous infusions of @entity11623 were monitored for the development of @entity85 . For @entity1 who experienced the adverse reaction, data were collected on demographics, medical diagnoses, concurrent medications, the diuretic regimen, symptoms, time course of the reaction, laboratory findings, alternative therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of 34 @entity1 who received continuous infusions of @entity11623 , eight @entity1 experienced a total of 11 episodes of @entity85 . All @entity1 had severe @entity712 and refractory @entity4 . The reaction was most severe at infusion rates of approximately 2 mg/h and was not associated with any specific @entity854 . The symptoms resolved completely after discontinuing the @entity11623 therapy. In two of the @entity1 , the adverse reaction was precipitated again during rechallenge with the @entity11623 infusion. @entity1 who were given an equivalent or higher dose of a continuous @entity1483 infusion, diuresed without experiencing @entity85 . CONCLUSIONS: The continuous i.v. infusion of the loop diuretic, @entity11623 , may result in severe, @entity85 . The reaction appears to be dose related, without specific risk factors, and is reversible on discontinuation of the infusion. @entity1 who experience this reaction may be successfully diuresed with equivalent doses of a @entity1483 infusion.

title: XXXX during continuous infusion of @entity11623 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity11623 :: ('MESH:D002034', 'Chemical') :: ['bumetanide']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['severe musculoskeletal symptoms', 'musculoskeletal symptoms', 'disabling musculoskeletal symptoms']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Severe musculoskeletal symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report the presentation and management of early complete proximal @entity1744 from intraluminal clot after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of 5 female @entity1 who developed @entity1744 at the jejunojejunostomy (JJ) secondary to intraluminal clot from January 2001 to January 2003. We analyzed the signs and symptoms, etiology of @entity1744 , and operative treatment. RESULTS: From January 2001 to January 2003, 5 @entity1 who had undergone successful laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass developed proximal @entity1744 from a solid intraluminal clot secondary to staple line @entity548 . All @entity1 were @entity1 , with an average age and body mass index of 37 years and 43.41 kg/m(2), respectively. All @entity1 underwent an upper gastrointestinal series on postoperative day 1, which revealed no leak, and all became symptomatic on postoperative day 2. @entity591 and a "sense of impending doom" were both observed in 80% of the @entity1 with this clinical syndrome. The intraoperative findings consistently revealed intraluminal clot obstructing the JJ. After reexploration and anastomotic revision, all @entity1 had an uneventful recovery, with an average hospital length of stay of 9.8 days (range 8-11). CONCLUSION: Staple line @entity548 potentially exacerbated by perioperative subcutaneous heparin use can cause proximal @entity1744 at the JJ after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. It presents on postoperative day 2 most commonly as @entity591 and a "sense of impending doom." Prompt recognition and immediate reexploration will lead to an uneventful recovery. The need for complete anastomotic JJ revision is discussed.

title: Acute, complete proximal XXXX after laparoscopic gastric bypass due to intraluminal blood clot formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: @entity79 such as @entity170 are primarily caused by excessive formation and activity of osteoclasts (OCLs). @entity5271 ( @entity5271 ) is a key initiating cytokine for @entity8843 differentiation and function. @entity5271 induces @entity460 ( @entity141 ) oscillations, resulting in selective and robust induction of @entity25314 ( @entity25314 ), a @entity141 -responsive transcription factor that drives osteoclastogenesis. Store-operated @entity141 entry (SOCE) is a major @entity141 influx pathway in most nonexcitable cell types and is activated by any stimulus that depletes @entity141 stores in the endoplasmic reticulum. Although the role of @entity17832 , a SOCE channel in the plasma membrane, in maintaining @entity141 oscillations and transactivation of NFAT in other cell types is well known, its contribution to osteoclastogenesis remains unclear. We show here that silencing of the @entity17832 gene with viral delivery of shRNA reduces SOCE and inhibits @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells, a @entity19 monocyte/macrophage cell line, by suppressing the induction of @entity25314 . This was accompanied by defective induction of @entity8843 -specific genes, such as @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase and immunoreceptor @entity8843 -associated receptor, which are known to be direct transcriptional targets of @entity25314 during osteoclastogenesis. In addition, maturation of OCLs was abrogated by defective cell fusion of pre-OCLs depleted of @entity17832 , consistent with defective @entity5271 -mediated induction of d2 isoform of vacuolar ATPase V(o) domain that is involved in cell fusion of pre-OCLs. We found that the functional bone resorbing capacity was severely impaired in OCLs depleted of @entity17832 , potentially related to the observed decrease in the induction of @entity35364 , a major bone matrix degrading protease. Our results indicate that @entity17832 plays a critical role in the differentiation and function of OCLs, suggesting that @entity17832 might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment or prevention of @entity604 caused by OCLs.

title: XXXX -mediated @entity460 entry plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation and function by regulating activation of the transcription factor @entity25314 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5271 :: ('21943(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity25314 :: ('18018(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor of activated T cells c1', 'NFATc1']

answer: @entity17832 :: (109305(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Orai1']


abstract: Research supports an association between extraversion and @entity935 (DA) functioning. DA facilitates incentive motivation and the conditioning and incentive encoding of contexts that predict reward. Therefore, we assessed whether extraversion is related to the efficacy of acquiring conditioned contextual facilitation of three processes that are dependent on DA: motor velocity, positive affect, and @entity2414 . We exposed high and low extraverts to three days of association of drug reward ( @entity2727 , @entity2468 ) with a particular laboratory context (Paired group), a test day of conditioning, and three days of extinction in the same laboratory. A Placebo group and an Unpaired group (that had @entity2468 in a different laboratory context) served as controls. Conditioned contextual facilitation was assessed by (i) presenting video clips that varied in their pairing with drug and laboratory context and in inherent incentive value, and (ii) measuring increases from day 1 to Test day on the three processes above. Results showed acquisition of conditioned contextual facilitation across all measures to video clips that had been paired with drug and laboratory context in the Paired high extraverts, but no conditioning in the Paired low extraverts (nor in either of the control groups). Increases in the Paired high extraverts were correlated across the three measures. Also, conditioned facilitation was evident on the first day of extinction in Paired high extraverts, despite the absence of the unconditioned effects of @entity2468 . By the last day of extinction, responding returned to day 1 levels. The findings suggest that extraversion is associated with variation in the acquisition of contexts that predict reward. Over time, this variation may lead to differences in the breadth of networks of conditioned contexts. Thus, individual differences in extraversion may be maintained by activation of differentially encoded central representations of incentive contexts that predict reward.

title: On the nature of extraversion: variation in conditioned contextual activation of XXXX -facilitated affective, cognitive, and motor processes.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial working memory']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After two decades of interferon ( @entity3027 ) treatment in @entity1582 @entity1 and many randomised clinical trials, no definite proof of its benefits exists. This meta-analysis of all available relevant published data tests the differences between @entity3027 and control arms in a large @entity1 population and addresses the issue of cost-effectiveness. @entity1 AND METHODS: Meta-analysis was performed on 17 trials among 2333 @entity1 who received @entity3027 -chemotherapy induction treatment or chemotherapy alone and on 13 trials among 1615 @entity1 on @entity3027 maintenance therapy or without treatment. Response rates and parameters of published Kaplan Meier relapse-free and overall survival curves were analysed. RESULTS: @entity1 in @entity3027 arms showed significantly better results in all investigated parameters: @entity3027 -chemotherapy induction treatment yielded 6.6% higher response rates (2P < 0.002) as well as 4.8-month and 3.1-month prolongations of relapse-free (P < 0.01) and overall survival (P < 0.01), respectively. Interferon maintenance therapy lead to 4.4-month (P < 0.01) and 7.0-month (P < 0.01) prolongations of relapse-free and overall survival, respectively. Meta-analysis of all @entity3027 trials combined resulted in 4.6-month and 3.7-month @entity3027 -related gains in relapse-free and overall survival, respectively. As early as 6 and 12 months after the start of @entity3027 treatment, percentages of cumulative relapse-free and overall survival were always significantly higher in @entity3027 trial arms. @entity3027 drug expenses for a one-year survival gain, as determined from AUCs of best-fitted Gompertz functions of @entity3027 and control survival curves, were estimated to be US 42,482.28 for induction therapy and US 18,968.16 for maintenance treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly superior outcomes were consistently found in @entity3027 trial arms by meta-analysis of published data. These results are in accordance with a concomittantly conducted meta-analysis on individual @entity1 data but were much easier to accrue. Taking all our results into account. i.e., the consistently significant, although limited, improvement of clinical outcomes and its acceptable cost-effectiveness, @entity3027 treatment of @entity1 with @entity1582 seems worthwhile to be considered.

title: Interferon-alpha treatment in @entity1582 : meta-analysis of 30 randomised trials among 3948 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In order to study the cytoprotective function of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) in vivo, the effect of preinduction of HSPs by @entity221 on @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 was investigated. Expression of 60-kDa, 72-kDa, and 90-kDa @entity1457 proteins ( @entity28379 , @entity34445 , and @entity19515 , respectively) in @entity35 colonic mucosa was investigated by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical study before and after @entity221 . Following pretreatment with or without @entity221 , the @entity35 received intrarectal infusion of various doses of @entity1543 . The @entity1049 was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic assessments 24 hr after the intrarectal infusion of @entity1543 . Expression of HSPs was significantly increased by @entity221 in @entity35 colonic mucosa. Immunohistochemical study also showed the increments of HSPs in the @entity1049 after @entity221 . @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 was dramatically prevented by pretreatment with @entity221 when @entity34445 and @entity19515 were preinduced. On the other hand, induction of @entity28379 did not correlate with mucosal protection. Our findings suggest that @entity34445 and @entity19515 may have cytoprotective function against @entity1543 -induced @entity16 . These results may be important for understanding the mechanism of "adaptive cytoprotection" mediated by HSPs.

title: Effect of preinduction of XXXX proteins on @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid', 'Acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal cells', 'colonic mucosal damage']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to delineate distant neurological and neuropsychological effects of severe @entity9144 . A group of 33 @entity1 (12 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 ) were selected for the study. Every @entity1 had suffered from severe @entity693 , @entity5422 or meningopolyradiculoneuritis due to @entity9144 in the chronic form of the illness. Standardised medical interview, physical examination and a series of neuropsychological tests (WAIS-R, BDI, BENTON-BENDER, DUM) were performed. In the clinical history, 36.4% of the @entity1 complained of @entity10 , 27.3% of subjective memory distortions; 33.3% of the @entity1 suffered from @entity22 . The neurological examination showed that 36.4% of the @entity1 experienced such cerebellum integrity disturbances as @entity854 or even mild ataxia. 21.2% of the @entity1 experienced @entity409 in the proprioceptive pathways, 9% asymmetry in deep tendon reflexes (DTR's), 27.3% disturbances in the sensory responses. The examination showed, however, no muscular strength abnormalities. Half of the @entity1 had slight @entity308 . Psychological tests indicated that 21.2% of the @entity1 had problems in thinking process and experienced @entity2414 . 36.4% of the @entity1 had significant @entity16 in the central nervous system. The results of this study suggest the existence of long-lasting consequences of acute @entity9144 , which can significantly influence the quality of life of @entity1 .

title: @entity16 after the severe acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['organic damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in gait and coordination']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity9144 :: (MESH:D020852,Disease) :: ['neuroborreliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a conservative therapy program that aims to restore normal function to the upper thoracic aperture in @entity1 with @entity531 ( @entity531 ). DESIGN: A descriptive study of consecutive @entity1 with a positive @entity531 index seen from 1988 to 1993. After therapy, the @entity1 were followed for a mean period of 24.6 months. SETTING: Therapy was initiated primarily in an inpatient rehabilitation ward over an 11.4-day (range 4-24 days) stay. @entity1 : One hundred nineteen @entity1 (28 @entity1 and 91 @entity1 ) with a positive @entity531 index participated. At admission, 50% of the @entity1 were employed, 48% were on sick leave or retired, and 2% were unemployed. INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 received instructions on how to restore the normal function of their cervical spine and upper thoracic aperture by means of home exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The efficacy of the treatment program was assessed by the frequency of return to work, normalization of the motion of the cervical spine and upper thoracic aperture, and subjective satisfaction with the outcome. RESULTS: At the follow-up examination, 88% of the @entity1 were satisfied with the outcome of their treatment, and the ranges of motion of the cervical spine and upper thoracic aperture had normalized in 8 of 10 @entity1 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 returned to work after the therapy, either directly or after retraining, and 88% of the @entity1 carried through the recommendations given at discharge during long-term follow-up. Normalized grip strength and Tinel's sign predicted @entity1 satisfaction (p < .001) and return to work (p < .001). Return to work was more often successful if the work was sedentary rather than heavy (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The treatment program provides relief to most @entity1 with symptoms of @entity531 . If the symptoms are not relieved, the differential diagnosis should be reviewed. Conservative therapy with the aim of restoring the function of the upper thoracic aperture is to be recommended, and long-term follow-up is advisable.

title: Conservative treatment of XXXX : a 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome', 'TOS']

answer: @entity531 :: (MESH:D013901,Disease) :: ['thoracic outlet syndrome']


abstract: The @entity375 mating cell provides a simple paradigm for analyzing mechanisms underlying the generation of surface polarity. Endocytic recycling and slow diffusion on the plasma membrane were shown to facilitate polarized surface distribution of @entity18738 (Valdez-Taubas, J., and H.R. Pelham. 2003. Curr. Biol. 13:1636-1640). Here, we found that polarization of @entity40723 , a raft-associated type I transmembrane protein involved in cell fusion, does not depend on endocytosis. Instead, @entity40723 localization to the tip of the mating projection was determined by its cytosolic domain, which binds to peripheral proteins involved in mating tip polarization. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the lipid bilayer at the mating projection is more condensed than the plasma membrane enclosing the cell body, and that @entity13740 are required for this lipid organization.

title: Plasma membrane polarization during mating in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity13740 :: ('MESH:D013107', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipids']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) begins with @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio (ARR) measurement followed by confirmative tests. However, the ARR has high false positive rates which led to unnecessary confirmatory tests. @entity20805 challenge test (CCT) has been used as one of confirmatory tests, but the accuracy of it in the diagnosis of @entity1368 is still controversial. We aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of CCT as a post-screening test in @entity1368 . METHODS: In a prospective study, we enrolled subjects with suspected @entity1368 who had @entity101 and ARR >20 (ng/dL)/(ng/mL/hr). Sixty-four @entity1 who underwent both the saline infusion test and the CCT were included. RESULTS: The diagnostic performance of plasma @entity1369 concentration (PAC) post-CCT was greater than that of ARR post-CCT and ARR pre-CCT in @entity1368 (area under the curve=0.956, 0.797, and 0.748, respectively; P=0.001). A cut-off value of 13 ng/dL showed the highest diagnostic odds ratio considering PAC post-CCT at 60 and 90 minutes. A PAC post-CCT of 19 ng/dL had a specificity of 100%, which can be used as a cut-off value for the confirmative test. Determining the diagnostic performance of PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes was sufficient for @entity1368 diagnosis. Subjects with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes <13 ng/dL are less likely to have @entity1368 , and those with PAC post-CCT at 90 minutes >= 13 but <19 ng/dL should undergo secondary confirmatory tests. CONCLUSION: The CCT test may be a reliable post-screening test to avoid the hospitalization in the setting of falsely elevated ARR screening tests.

title: Diagnostic Role of @entity20805 Challenge Test in Korean Subjects with High @entity1369 -to- XXXX Ratios.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity916 :: (5972,Gene) :: ['Renin']


abstract: @entity885 sanguinis is the most common cause of @entity884 ( @entity884 ). Since the molecular basis of virulence of this oral commensal bacterium remains unclear, we searched the genome of @entity885 for previously unidentified virulence factors. We identified a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase ( @entity43445 ), as a candidate virulence factor. By colorimetric @entity1391 assay, we showed that @entity885 @entity43445 can hydrolyze extracellular @entity855 to generate @entity859 . Moreover, a @entity43445 deletion mutant showed significantly shorter lag time (P<0.05) to onset of @entity1423 than the wild-type strain, without affecting platelet-bacterial adhesion in vitro (P=0.98). In the absence of @entity43445 , @entity885 caused @entity884 (4 d) in a @entity95 model with significantly decreased mass of vegetations (P<0.01) and recovered bacterial loads (log(10)CFU, P=0.01), suggesting that @entity43445 contributes to the virulence of @entity885 in vivo. As a virulence factor, @entity43445 may function by (i) hydrolyzing @entity855 , a pro-inflammatory molecule, and generating @entity859 , an immunosuppressive molecule to inhibit phagocytic monocytes/macrophages associated with @entity340 . (ii) @entity43445 -mediated inhibition of @entity1423 could also delay presentation of platelet microbicidal proteins to infecting bacteria on heart valves. Both plausible @entity43445 -dependent mechanisms would promote survival of infecting @entity885 . In conclusion, we now show for the first time that streptococcal @entity43445 modulates @entity885 -induced @entity1423 and may contribute to the virulence of streptococci in experimental @entity884 .

title: Ecto-5'-nucleotidase: a candidate virulence factor in @entity885 sanguinis experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus', 'S. sanguinis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular vegetations']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']