abstract: To investigate the influence of selective @entity8652 -adrenergic blockade, in contrast to @entity10712 -adrenergic blockade, systemic and coronary hemodynamics were studied. Measurements were made at rest and during exercise in 23 @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) before and after either @entity1406 or @entity1169 , given in doses to provide comparable @entity8652 -receptor blockade. Quantitative coronary angiography was performed at rest. Using a randomized, double-blind protocol, either @entity10712 blockade was produced by @entity1169 (0.1 mg/kg intravenously), or selective @entity8652 blockade was produced by @entity1406 (0.15 mg/kg intravenously). As expected, at these doses both drugs produced a comparable decrease in heart rate at rest and during exercise, averaging 9% and 14% after @entity1169 and 10% and 16% after @entity1406 . Exercise duration to @entity63 was prolonged in most @entity1 with severe @entity453 after either @entity1169 (5 of 7) or @entity1406 (6 of 10) treatment. The effects of these 2 beta-blocking drugs on systemic hemodynamic values at rest and during exercise were similar. Additionally, coronary sinus flow was usually unchanged by both drugs at rest (-5% after @entity1169 and -4% after @entity1406 , differences not significant) and decreased a similar amount during exercise (-15% after @entity1169 and -9% after @entity1406 , both p less than 0.05). Coronary resistance did not change significantly with either drug (0% after @entity1169 and 3% after @entity1406 ), and during exercise (11% after @entity1169 and 3% after @entity1406 ), suggesting that decreases in flow were secondary to reduced demand. Furthermore, neither drug produced detectable changes in coronary artery size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of selective ( @entity8652 ) and nonselective ( XXXX ) beta-adrenergic blockade on systemic and coronary hemodynamic findings in angina pectoris.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity10712 :: (3779;10242,Gene) :: ['beta 1 and beta 2']


abstract: One of the most promising substances used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is @entity2518 (ALA), which induces endogenous synthesis and accumulation of @entity7889 in malignant cells. In this paper we have shown that both topical and intratumoral administration of ALA in a subcutaneously implanted mammary @entity189 produced a significant synthesis of @entity7889 and subsequent sensitization to laser light. @entity7170 accumulation was greater when ALA was administered intratumorally and @entity5 /normal skin @entity7170 concentration ratios were higher compared with topical application. Irradiation was optimal between 2 and 3 h after topical application of 50 mg of a 20% ALA cream and 2-4 h after intratumoral administration of 30 mg ALA/cm3. The pattern of @entity5 response evaluated as the delay of @entity5 growth was similar following either route of drug administration. Applications of PDT were performed once, twice or three times in the study. The response to successive applications was constant for the same @entity5 , indicating that no resistance was acquired. Microscopic analysis showed both induction of foci of @entity39 and @entity548 , morphological features of apoptotic cells and total absence of cellular immune response. This paper reports on PDT with topical ALA in a subcutaneous @entity189 leading to @entity5 growth delay. These findings may have great relevance in the treatment of cutaneous metastasis of mammary @entity189 .

title: Topical and intratumoral photodynamic therapy with XXXX in a subcutaneous murine mammary adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['Porphyrin', 'porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Diagnosis of @entity697 in @entity1 remains challenging, and the role of blood tests in the decision-making process is still unclear. We prospectively evaluated if routine inflammatory markers could contribute to exclude the presence of @entity697 in @entity1 . METHODS: Preoperative white blood cell count (WBCC) and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were prospectively tested in @entity1 undergoing surgery for suspected @entity698 . Surgery was indicated on the basis of clinical findings and/or ultrasound scan, but WBCC and @entity1851 values were ignored during the decision-making process. Sensitivity of individual markers and their combinations were assessed. RESULTS: One hundred @entity1 (55 males) with a mean age of 9.34 years (SD, 3.54 years) had pathologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity698 . A perforated appendix was found in 23% of cases. Elevated WBCC alone had a sensitivity of 0.6 (confidence interval [CI], 0.506-0.694). Sensitivity of elevated @entity1851 alone was 0.86 (CI, 0.926-0.793). Elevation of either WBCC or @entity1851 or both had a sensitivity of 0.98 (CI, 1.0-0.953). CONCLUSIONS: White blood cell count or @entity1851 values alone do not appear to provide any useful additional information to the surgeon. However, the sensitivity of the 2 combined tests is extremely high, and normal values of both WBCC and @entity1851 are very unlikely in pathologically confirmed @entity698 .

title: Inflammatory markers for XXXX in @entity1 : are they helpful?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of @entity3446 (SIR) in heart transplant recipients to prevent further development of @entity453 (TxCAD) already confirmed by using coronary angiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective case-control study involving all 60 heart transplant recipients receiving SIR in a number of combinations with other immunosuppressive drugs, and 60 matched individuals after heart transplantation treated without SIR. TxCAD was diagnosed using elective coronary angiography in 9 subjects in the study group (8 males and 1 female) of mean age 44 +/- 11 years, including @entity296 in 4 members. The control group of 15 individuals 15 males of mean age 47 +/- 7 years, including @entity296 in 8. We compared time to develop significant TxCAD and @entity204 caused by TxCAD, and all-cause @entity204 . Significance was assessed using log-rank and chi-square tests, when applicable. RESULTS: Significant TxCAD (critical coronary lesions, @entity583 or @entity204 ) was observed in 5 (56%) @entity1 receiving SIR and 11 (73%) without SIR (P = not significant [NS]). Time to develop significant TxCAD was comparable. There were 2 (22%) @entity204 in the SIR group and 8 (53%) in the control group (P = NS). Survival time was significantly longer among subjects receiving SIR (P = .02). None of @entity204 in the study group was caused by TxCAD compared with 6 (40%) @entity204 among controls (P = .09). Time of freedom from @entity204 caused by TxCAD was significantly longer in the study group (P = .023). CONCLUSION: SIR prolonged survival in heart transplant recipients with TxCAD confirmed using coronary angiography.

title: Survival benefit in heart transplant recipients who have @entity453 confirmed using angiography and are receiving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of treatment with insulin aspart compared with NPH insulin, together with @entity2449 /placebo and @entity6170 /placebo. The hypothesis was that combined correction of major pathogenetic defects in @entity164 2 @entity6 would result in optimal glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study was a 2-year investigator-driven randomized partly placebo-controlled multicenter trial in 371 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 on at least oral antiglycemic treatment. @entity1 were assigned to one of eight treatment groups in a factorial design with insulin aspart at mealtimes versus NPH insulin once daily at bedtime, @entity2449 twice daily versus placebo, and @entity6170 twice daily versus placebo. The main outcome measurement was change in @entity3916 . RESULTS: @entity3916 decreased more in @entity1 treated with insulin aspart compared with NPH (-0.41    0.10%, P < 0.001). @entity2449 decreased @entity3916 compared with placebo (-0.60    0.10%, P < 0.001), as did @entity6170 (-0.55    0.10%, P < 0.001). Triple therapy ( @entity6170 , @entity2449 , and any insulin) resulted in a greater reduction in @entity3916 than @entity6170 plus insulin (-0.50    0.14%, P < 0.001) and @entity2449 plus insulin (-0.45    0.14%, P < 0.001). Aspart was associated with a higher increase in body weight (1.6    0.6 kg, P < 0.01) and higher incidence of mild daytime @entity4053 (4.9    7.5 vs. 1.7    5.4 number/ @entity1 /year, P < 0.001) compared with NPH. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin treatment of postprandial @entity4854 results in lower @entity3916 than treatment of fasting @entity4854 , at the expense of higher body weight and hypoglycemic episodes. However, insulin therapy has to be combined with treatment of both peripheral and liver insulin resistance to normalize blood @entity413 , and in this case, the insulin regimen is less important.

title: Pharmacological treatment of the pathogenetic defects in @entity164 2 XXXX : the randomized multicenter South Danish @entity6 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Motor symptoms such as mild @entity191 signs are common in older @entity1 , but little is known about their underlying neuropathology. We tested the hypothesis that nigral pathology is related to @entity304 in older @entity1 without @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: More than 2,500 @entity1 participating in the Religious Orders Study or the Memory and Aging Project agreed to annual assessment of @entity304 with a modified version of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale and brain donation. Brains from 744 deceased @entity1 without @entity191 were assessed for nigral @entity528 and a-synuclein immunopositive Lewy bodies. RESULTS: Mean age at death was 88.5 years. Mean global @entity304 was 18.6 (standard deviation, 11.90). About     of cases had mild or more severe nigral @entity528 , and about 17% had Lewy bodies. In separate regression models that adjusted for age, sex, and education, nigral @entity528 and Lewy bodies were both related to global @entity304 ( @entity528 : estimate, 0.231; standard error [SE], 0.068; p < 0.001; Lewy bodies: estimate, 0.291; SE, 0.133; p = 0.029). Employing a similar regression model that included both measures, @entity528 remained associated with global @entity304 ( @entity528 : estimate, 0.206; SE, 0.075; p = 0.006). By contrast, the association between Lewy bodies and global @entity304 was attenuated by >60% and was no longer significant (Lewy bodies: estimate, 0.112; SE, 0.148; p = 0.447), suggesting that @entity528 may mediate the association of Lewy bodies with global @entity304 . INTERPRETATION: Nigral pathology is common in @entity1 without @entity191 and may contribute to loss of motor function in old age.

title: Nigral pathology and @entity191 signs in elders without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'parkinsonian', 'PD', 'Parkinson Disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: Molecular cloning of genomic sequences altered in @entity5 cells is believed to lead to the identification of new genes involved in the initiation and progression of the malignant phenotype. DNA amplification is a frequent molecular alteration in @entity5 cells, and is a mode of proto-oncogene activation. The cytologic manifestation of this phenomenon is the appearance of chromosomal homogeneously staining regions (HSRs) or double minute bodies (DMs). The @entity356 cell line KATO III is characterized by a large HSR on chromosome 11. In-gel renaturation analysis confirmed the amplification of DNA sequences in this cell line, yet none of 42 proto-oncogenes that we tested is amplified in KATO III DNA. We employed the @entity3971 -enhanced reassociation technique (PERT) to isolate 21 random DNA fragments from the amplified domain, and used 6 of them to further clone some 150 kb from that genomic region. While in situ hybridization performed with some of these sequences indicated that in KATO III they are indeed amplified within the HSR on chromosome 11, somatic cell hybrid analysis and in situ hybridization to normal lymphocyte chromosomes showed that they are derived from chromosome 10, band q26. The same sequences were found to be amplified in another @entity356 cell line, SNU-16, which contains DMs, but were not amplified in other 70 cell lines representing a wide variety of @entity1 @entity5 . One of these sequences was highly expressed in both KATO III and SNU-16. Thus, the cloned sequences supply a starting point for identification of novel genes which might be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity356 , and are located in a relatively unexplored domain of the @entity1 genome.

title: Novel DNA sequences at chromosome 10q26 are amplified in XXXX @entity356 cell lines: molecular cloning by competitive DNA reassociation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study compared the @entity137 and osteogenic potential of an experimental @entity4799 -based sealer with an @entity990 resin-based sealer (AH Plus; Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE) and a @entity1947 - @entity4744 -based sealer (Pulp Canal Sealer; SybronEndo, Orange, CA). METHODS: Disks prepared from the respective sealer and from Teflon (negative control) were placed in direct contact with a @entity19 osteogenic cell line at 6 weekly intervals after immersion in a culture medium. Succinic dehydrogenase activities were evaluated using @entity98 ( @entity98 ) assay. Extracts from these sealers after the 6-week immersion period were investigated also by @entity98 assay. Aged sealers were then switched to an osteogenic medium for examination of the alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of extracellular matrices produced by the differentiated cells. RESULTS: All sealers exhibited severe @entity137 after 24 hours, after which @entity137 decreased gradually over the experimental period except for Pulp Canal Sealer, which remained severely toxic. @entity137 of the extracts derived from the sealers was concentration dependent, with those derived from the experimental sealer being the least cytotoxic at a 1:10 dilution. Minimal alkaline phosphatase activity and no bone formation were seen with Pulp Canal Sealer. The production of alkaline phosphatase was less intense for the experimental sealer at 7 days. However, both AH Plus and the experimental sealer did not inhibit mineralization of the extracellular matrix after 28 days. CONCLUSION: The experimental @entity4799 -based sealer may be regarded as minimally tissue irritating and does not interfere with bone regeneration even when it is inadvertently extruded through the apical constriction.

title: In vitro osteogenic potential of an experimental XXXX -based root canal sealer.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT', '3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity4799 :: ('MESH:C031293', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium silicate']

answer: @entity4799 :: (MESH:C031293,Chemical) :: ['calcium silicate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinicians use mood stabilizers for treating @entity2146 in older @entity1 , but limited information is available regarding side effects and costs in clinical practice. Total costs of treatment were assessed for a subset of geriatric @entity1 receiving either @entity3486 or @entity1092 for @entity2146 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort examination of the medical records of 72 @entity1 , 55 years of age or older, in a Veterans Administration long-term, skilled nursing care facility, with a diagnosis of @entity303 or @entity162 or both. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 treated with @entity1091 or @entity1092 during the previous 4 years (1994-1997) were evaluated. Quantitative information was collected and compared regarding routine care, including cost of treatment and laboratory monitoring; and occurrence of adverse events and associated diagnostic and treatment measurements. RESULTS: Routine care costs for the 2 groups were similar. The lower annual acquisition cost per @entity1 -year for @entity1091 ( 15 vs  339 for @entity1092 ) was offset by higher laboratory monitoring costs associated with its administration ( 278 vs  53 for @entity1092 ). Examining the adverse events showed that the @entity1091 group had more medication-related adverse events (32 total) than the @entity1092 group (10 total) and more severe occurrences, including 6 cases requiring medical intensive care unit (MICU) hospitalization. The total mean cost of treating drug-related mild-to-moderate morbidity was  3472 for @entity1091 and  672 for @entity1092 . An additional cost per admission of  12,910 ( 77,462 for all 6 cases) increased total morbidity-related expenditures in the @entity1091 group to  80,934. CONCLUSIONS: Treating geriatric @entity1 with @entity1091 requires careful monitoring because of side effects. Staffing and resource limitations of a skilled nursing care facility may compromise optimal @entity1091 monitoring in elderly @entity1 . The collected data indicated that @entity1092 does not result in as many as or as severe adverse events and is, therefore, a safer treatment. The use of @entity1091 was not only more expensive (on average  2875 more per @entity1 ) than treatment with @entity1092 but, more importantly, it was associated with poorer @entity1 outcomes.

title: Pharmacoeconomic and health outcome comparison of @entity1091 and XXXX in a VA geriatric nursing home population: influence of drug-related morbidity on total cost of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['divalproex', 'divalproex sodium']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['divalproex']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined oral contraceptives are a common method of contraception, but they carry a risk of venous and @entity715 . We assessed whether use of @entity4863 was associated with an increase in @entity715 risk relative to third-generation combined oral contraceptives. METHODS: Using computerized records of the largest health care provider in Israel, we identified all @entity1 aged 12 to 50 years for whom combined oral contraceptives had been dispensed between Jan. 1, 2002, and Dec. 31, 2008. We followed the cohort until 2009. We used Poisson regression models to estimate the crude and adjusted rate ratios for risk factors for venous @entity715 events (specifically @entity1150 and @entity1151 ) and arterial thromboic events (specifically transient @entity63 attack and @entity64 ). We performed multivariable analyses to compare types of contraceptives, with adjustment for the various risk factors. RESULTS: We identified a total of 1017 (0.24%) venous and arterial @entity715 events among 431,223 use episodes during 819 749 @entity1 -years of follow-up (6.33 venous events and 6.10 arterial events per 10,000 @entity1 -years). In a multivariable model, use of @entity4863 carried an increased risk of venous @entity715 events, relative to both third-generation combined oral contraceptives (rate ratio [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-1.78) and second-generation combined oral contraceptives ( @entity4736 .65, 95% CI 1.02-2.65). There was no increase in the risk of @entity715 with @entity4863 . INTERPRETATION: Use of @entity4863 -containing oral contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of @entity1150 and @entity1151 , but not transient @entity63 attack or cerebrovascular attack, relative to second- and third-generation combined oral contraceptives.

title: Higher risk of venous thrombosis associated with XXXX -containing oral contraceptives: a population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['arterial thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity4863 :: (MESH:C035144,Chemical) :: ['drospirenone']


abstract: CONTEXT: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular yet their effects on health remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To conduct the first comprehensive and standardized assessment of the acute impact of active and passive e-cigarette smoking on serum @entity4874 and lung function, as compared to active and passive @entity286 cigarette smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen smokers (>= 15 cigarettes/day; seven females; eight males) and 15 never-smokers (seven females; eight males) completed this repeated-measures controlled study. Smokers underwent a control session, an active @entity286 cigarette (their favorite brand) smoking session and an active e-cigarette smoking session. Never-smokers underwent a control session, a passive @entity286 cigarette smoking session and a passive e-cigarette smoking session. Serum @entity4874 , lung function, exhaled @entity1223 and @entity842 were assessed. The level of significance was set at p    <=   0.001 to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: e-Cigarettes and @entity286 cigarettes generated similar (p   >   0.001) effects on serum @entity4874 levels after active (60.6        34.3 versus 61.3        36.6   ng/ml) and passive (2.4        0.9 versus 2.6        0.6   ng/ml) smoking. Neither a brief session of active e-cigarette smoking (indicative: 3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) nor a 1   h passive e-cigarette smoking (indicative: 2.3% reduction in FEV1/FVC) significantly affected the lung function (p   >   0.001). In contrast, active (indicative: 7.2% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p   <   0.001) but not passive (indicative: 3.4% reduction in FEV1/FVC; p   =   0.005) @entity286 cigarette smoking undermined lung function. CONCLUSION: Regarding short-term usage, the studied e-cigarettes generate smaller changes in lung function but similar nicotinergic impact to @entity286 cigarettes. Future research should target the health effects of long-term e-cigarette usage, including the effects of @entity1239 dosage.

title: Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum XXXX and lung function.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity4874 :: (MESH:D003367,Chemical) :: ['cotinine']


abstract: The clinical data of 18 @entity1 with @entity1112 were analysed retrospectively. The height data were expressed as SD scores. There was no difference in the final height of @entity1 treated with @entity560 (or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) and phosphate for at least two years (n = 12) and that of 16 hypophosphataemic family members who had never been treated. The mean final SD score (-2.07) of treated @entity1 , however, was significantly higher than the value before treatment (-2.79), which indicated an average absolute @entity1017 of 4-4.5 cm compared with the expected height values. Six of the treated @entity1 developed ultrasonographically detectable @entity11604 with normal renal function. The daily @entity1391 intake and excretion of @entity1 with @entity11604 was significantly higher than that of @entity1 with normal renal morphology. There was no difference in the doses of @entity560 between the two groups. The average urinary @entity460 : @entity1011 ratio of the two groups was similar to and below the @entity12233 0.6 mmol:mmol limit. The group with @entity11604 , however, had a higher incidence of @entity12233 episodes than the group without @entity11604 (12 in 130 observations compared with six in 334 observations, respectively). The benefits and risks of treatment of @entity1 with @entity1112 must be further evaluated. The high dose of @entity1391 seems to be an important factor in the development of @entity11604 in this group of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : treatment, @entity1017 , and @entity11604 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X linked hypophosphataemia']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity12233 :: ('MESH:C562793', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuric']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['height gain']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X linked hypophosphataemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and @entity532 of radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity320 of the head and neck. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: The medical records of 21 @entity1 treated with definitive or postoperative (RT) between 1974 and 2011 at the University of Florida Department of Radiation Oncology in Gainesville, FL, and the University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute in Jacksonville, FL, were retrospectively reviewed under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. Primary sites included nasal cavity, oropharynx, and paranasal sinuses. Sixteen @entity1 (76%) received surgery and postoperative RT and 5 @entity1 (24%) received RT alone. Seventeen @entity1 received photon RT alone, whereas 4 @entity1 received combined photon-based and proton-based RT. Median follow-up for all @entity1 was 1.05 years (range, 0.36 to 12.97 y); median follow-up for survivors was 2.2 years (range 0.9 to 13.0 y). RESULTS:: The 5-year outcomes were: local control, 79%; regional control, 85%; local-regional control, 65%; distant metastasis-free survival, 20%; cause-specific survival, 22%; and overall survival, 22%. Three @entity1 (14%) experienced severe @entity532 including @entity1939 and @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS:: @entity86 for @entity320 of the head and neck yields fairly good local-regional control of disease. The prognosis for @entity1 treated with definitive RT is less promising than for those who receive surgery and postoperative RT.

title: Radiation Therapy for Mucosal XXXX of the Head and Neck.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Definitive or postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal melanomas', 'mucosal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: The invasiveness of @entity1 @entity5 was studied in an organ culture system. Biopsies from six @entity463 , four @entity816 , two @entity11 , one @entity424 , four @entity1653 and two @entity189 metastases were cut into fragments of 0.5 mm diameter, and placed in agar overlay tissue culture. The @entity5 specimens formed spheroids which were co-cultured with cell aggregates or fragments from fetal @entity35 brain for up to 10 days in vitro. The invasiveness of the @entity463 spheroids was characterised by a gradual destruction of normal brain tissue by @entity5 cells, followed by replacement of normal tissue by these cells. Co-cultures from two @entity463 showed lesions in the normal brain tissue in areas removed from the @entity5 cells. @entity5 spheroids from four @entity463 totally destroyed the normal brain tissue without any change in the original @entity5 spheroid configuration. The low-grade @entity11 were @entity463 . The @entity1653 and the metastases were non-invasive. This organ culture assay appeared to reflect the in situ invasive behaviour of the @entity1313 examined. It is suggested that it may be used for evaluating the @entity146 of individual @entity1313 with the specific aim of correlating clinical data with the biological character of the @entity5 .

title: Interaction between @entity1 XXXX biopsies and fetal @entity35 brain tissue in vitro.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Tumour', 'intracranial tumours']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'mixed gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas', 'less invasive than the glioblastomas', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: @entity303 and @entity304 are late-onset symptoms associated with repetitive @entity542 , as documented in multiple contact-sport athletes. Clinical symptomatology is the likely phenotype of chronic degeneration and circuit disruption in the @entity21593 ( @entity21593 ). To investigate the initiating neuropathology, we hypothesize that a single @entity1545 is sufficient to initiate @entity21593 neuropathology including neuronal loss, vascular disruption and microglial activation, contributing to @entity179 and altered @entity935 regulation. Adult, male @entity35 were subjected to sham or moderate midline fluid percussion @entity1545 . Stereological estimates indicated a significant 44% loss of the estimated total neuron number in the @entity21593 at 28-days post-injury, without @entity194 of neuronal nuclear volumes, including 25% loss of @entity669 hydroxylase positive neurons by 28-days post-injury. Multi-focal vascular compromise occurred 1-2 days post-injury, with ensuing microglial activation (significant 40% increase at 4-days). @entity179 ( @entity575 -stain technique) encompassed on average 21% of the @entity21593 by 7-days post-injury and increased to 29% by 28-days compared to sham (1%). Whole tissue @entity21593 , but not striatum, @entity935 metabolism was altered at 28-days post-injury, without appreciable gene or protein changes in @entity935 synthesis or regulation elements. Together, single moderate @entity1545 resulted in @entity21593 neurovascular pathology potentially associated with neuroinflammation or @entity935 dysregulation. Compensatory mechanisms may preserve @entity935 signaling acutely, but subsequent @entity21593 damage with aging or additional injury may expose clinical symptomatology of @entity2055 and @entity303 .

title: Substantia nigra vulnerability after a single moderate XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'diffuse brain injury']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia', 'Dementia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity21593 :: ('MESH:C538420', 'Disease') :: ['substantia nigra', 'SN']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'Neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['motor ataxias']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['diffuse brain injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Unruptured @entity438 occur in 1-3  % of the general population, and the risk of @entity397 is generally considered to be low. However, @entity1 with @entity439 carry a particular risk of @entity510 ( @entity510 ). A 54-year-old @entity101 @entity1 underwent screening with a head CT angiography (CTA) because of his comorbidities. CTA revealed @entity439 around the circle of Willis. At first surgery, seven @entity439 were clipped (BA, ACOM, @entity6455 *2, and MCA *3), two of which were detected intraoperatively only. During the second surgery, another three @entity439 were surgically clipped (PCOM and MCA *2), one of which was detected intraoperatively. Follow-up angiography revealed another two @entity439 . A PCOM @entity439 was treated by coil embolization and a VA @entity439 clipped surgically during a third admission. The @entity1 made an uneventful recovery. However, 4  months after his second surgery, his daughter underwent surgical clipping of a right-sided ICA @entity439 . This case report highlights both the importance of screening of high risk @entity1 with family history of @entity510 , as well as its limitations, as our @entity1 developed two de novo @entity439 during 6-month follow-up and CTA preoperatively missed three small @entity439 .

title: A 54-year-old @entity1 with 12 XXXX and @entity510 : case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'multiple aneurysms and familial predisposition', 'multiple bilateral aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: A major challenge in the management of @entity1 with @entity263 is identifying those individuals at risk of developing @entity3 , as in most cases the disease will remain indolent. We analyzed pooled serum samples from 4 groups of @entity1 (n=5 samples/group), collected prospectively and actively monitored for a minimum of 5 yrs. @entity1 groups were (i) histological diagnosis of @entity1067 with no evidence of @entity5 'BPH', (ii) localised @entity5 with no evidence of progression, 'non-progressing' (iii) localised @entity5 with evidence of biochemical progression, 'progressing', and (iv) bone @entity3 at presentation 'metastatic'. Pooled samples were immuno-depleted of the 14 most highly abundant proteins and analysed using a 4-plex iTRAQ approach. Overall 122 proteins were identified and relatively quantified. Comparisons of progressing versus non-progressing groups identified the significant differential expression of 25 proteins (p<0.001). Comparisons of metastatic versus progressing groups identified the significant differential expression of 23 proteins. Mapping the differentially expressed proteins onto the @entity263 progression pathway revealed the dysregulated expression of individual proteins, pairs of proteins and 'panels' of proteins to be associated with particular stages of disease development and progression. The median immunostaining intensity of @entity14624 ( @entity14624 ), one of the candidates identified, was significantly higher in osteoblasts in close proximity to metastatic @entity5 cells compared with osteoblasts in control bone (p=0.0353, Mann Whitney U). Our proteomic approach has identified leads for potentially useful serum biomarkers associated with the metastatic progression of @entity263 . The panels identified, including @entity14624 warrant further investigation and validation.

title: iTRAQ identification of candidate serum biomarkers associated with metastatic progression of XXXX @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14624 :: ('1915', 'Gene') :: ['eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1', 'eEF1A1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity77 impregnated with @entity2176 combined with internal fixation in the treatment of @entity4422 of long bones. Between October 2007 and January 2008, twenty-eight @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ) who sustained @entity4422 of long bones were enrolled. Mean @entity1 age was 34.5 years (range, 19-57 years). According to the classification system developed by Gustilo and Anderson, there were 15 type II @entity4422 , 11 type IIIa @entity4422 , and 2 type IIIc @entity4422 . All the @entity1 were treated with @entity2176 -loaded @entity77 and internal fixation. Clinical signs of @entity2737 were recorded. Postoperative radiographs were used to evaluate the bone healing and absorption process.Twenty-six of 28 @entity1 were followed-up successfully, with an average follow-up of 10.5 months (range, 6-16 months). No @entity281 was present in the 26 @entity1 . Exudation from the incision or the drain incision was observed in 2 @entity1 . Bacteria culture was negative and the wound healed with dressing change within 15 days. Bone union was observed in 23 @entity1 , with a mean bone union time of 5.8 months (range, 4-9 months). All the @entity77 pellets had completely resorbed in an average of 1.4 months (range, 1-2 months). Our study showed that the combination of internal fixation and @entity77 impregnated with @entity2176 could decrease the incidence of @entity281 without impairment to the bone healing process in the treatment of @entity4422 of long bones.

title: The use of @entity77 impregnated with XXXX in the treatment of @entity4422 of long bones: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open fractures']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity77 :: ('MESH:D002133', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium sulfate', 'calcium sulphate']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence and parameters associated with @entity741 during @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) as measured by echocardiography and to evaluate the relation between @entity1032 -induced and exercise-induced @entity741 . METHODS: Study @entity1 were 79 @entity1 (63 @entity1 ; mean [M] [standard deviation {SD}] age = 52 [8] years) with angiographically confirmed @entity453 and previous positive exercise test result. The @entity1032 protocol consisted of mental arithmetic and anger recall task. The @entity1 performed a treadmill exercise test 15 to 20 minutes after the @entity1032 task. Data of post- @entity1032 exercise were compared with previous exercise stress test results. RESULTS: The frequency of @entity854 was 35% in response to the mental arithmetic task, compared with 61% with anger recall and 96% with exercise (p < .001, exercise versus @entity1032 ). Electrocardiogram abnormalities and @entity662 were substantially less common during @entity1032 than were @entity854 . Independent predictors of @entity1032 -induced @entity741 were: wall motion score index at rest (p = .02), peak systolic blood pressure (p = .005), and increase in rate-pressure product (p = .004) during @entity1032 . The duration of exercise stress test was significantly shorter (p < .001) when @entity1032 preceded the exercise and in the case of earlier exercise (M [SD] = 4.4 [1.9] versus 6.7 [2.2] minutes for @entity1 positive on @entity1032 and 5.7 [1.9] versus 8.0 [2.3] minutes for @entity1 negative on @entity1032 ). CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography can be successfully used to document @entity741 induced by @entity1032 . @entity1032 -induced @entity63 was associated with an increase in hemodynamic parameters during @entity1032 and worse function of the left ventricle. @entity1032 may shorten the duration of subsequent exercise stress testing and can potentiate exercise-induced @entity63 in susceptible @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Mental stress-induced @entity63 in @entity1 with @entity453 : echocardiographic characteristics and relation to exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['echocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity662 ( @entity662 ) is a non-specific symptom that may be the expression of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). @entity731 is usually present in more than one vascular territory. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). Our aim was to evaluate the value of ABI in @entity1 with @entity662 when @entity453 is suspected. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 94 @entity1 , mean age: 57.4 (12.2), admitted consecutively due to @entity662 with suspicion of @entity453 . ABI and presence of @entity453 were determined. RESULTS: @entity453 was present in 22 @entity1 (23.4%) and absent in 72 (76.6%). Asymptomatic @entity3657 (ABI < or = 0.9) was present in 6 @entity1 (27.2%) of @entity453 group and in 7 @entity1 (9.7%) of the non- @entity453 group. Significant difference was found in ABI based on the presence or not of @entity453 [0.95 (0.23) vs 1.17 (0.15), p<0.001]. The diagnostic value of ABI for @entity453 detection was evaluated: area under the ROC curve was 0.8 (IC 95%: 0.70-0.87) and optimal cut-off point was 0.8 (sensitivity=22.7% and specificity=98.6%). In the multivariate analysis, ABI was the best independent predictor of @entity453 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: ABI is a simple, cheap and efficient method, which complements other conventional diagnostic methods in the recognition of @entity1 with @entity662 due to @entity453 .

title: [Ankle-brachial index in @entity1 with XXXX and suspected acute coronary syndrome].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Acute chest pain', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent studies have recommended unilateral venous duplex scanning for the diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) in @entity1 who are unilaterally symptomatic. Vascular laboratory accreditation standards, however, imply that bilateral leg scanning should be performed. We examined whether actual practice patterns have evolved toward limited unilateral scanning in such @entity1 . METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all 808 vascular laboratories in the United States that were accredited by the Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Vascular Laboratories (ICAVL). To encourage candid responses, the questionnaires were numerically coded and confidentiality was assured. RESULTS: A total of 608 questionnaires (75%) were completed and returned. Most of the respondents (442; 73%) were either community-hospital or office-based laboratories, and the remaining 163 (27%) were university or affiliated-hospital laboratories. Most of the laboratories (460; 76%) had been in existence for 9 years or more, and 65% had been ICAVL-accredited in venous studies for 3 years or more. Board-certified vascular surgeons were the medical directors in 54% of the laboratories. Duplex ultrasound scanning was the diagnostic method used by 98% of the laboratories. In @entity1 with unilateral symptoms, 75% of the laboratories did not routinely scan both legs for @entity1150 . A large majority (75%) believe that bilateral scanning is not clinically indicated. Only 57 laboratories (14%) recalled having @entity1 return with a @entity1150 in the previously unscanned leg, with 93% of these laboratories reporting between one and five such @entity1 . This observation correlated with larger volumes of venous studies performed by those laboratories (P <.05). Similarly, only 52 laboratories (12%) recalled having @entity1 return with @entity1151 . Of these laboratories, only five reported proximal @entity1150 in the previously unscanned legs of such @entity1 . Of all these laboratories, therefore, only 1% (5 of 443) have potentially missed the diagnosis of a @entity1150 that caused a preventable @entity358 with such a policy. Among those laboratories that always perform bilateral examinations, 41% do so because of habit. Most (61%) of the laboratories that perform bilateral scanning would do unilateral scanning if it were specifically approved by ICAVL. CONCLUSION: Three quarters of the ICAVL-accredited vascular laboratories perform limited single-extremity scanning for the diagnosis of @entity1150 in @entity1 with unilateral symptoms. This broad clinical experience suggests that this practice is widespread in selected @entity1 . Clinical protocols should be established to provide guidelines for local laboratory implementation.

title: A national survey of practice patterns in the noninvasive diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['subsequent pulmonary emboli']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: While the majority of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 report that their @entity158 is influenced by the weather, studies examining the impact of weather on @entity309 have yielded equivocal results. It is not clear from the existing studies if the mixed results are due to limited statistical power (e.g. small sample sizes and restricted variability in weather indices) or the failure to consider individual differences. The current study addressed these weaknesses by having 75 @entity309 @entity1 (mean age = 52.7; 71% female) record their daily @entity158 severity for 75 consecutive days. Objective weather indices including temperature, barometric pressure, relative humidity, and percentage of sunlight were obtained for the same dates from a local weather service. The results indicate that for the entire sample, @entity158 levels were highest on cold, overcast days and following days with high barometric pressure. @entity158 levels also increased as a function of change in relative humidity from one day to the next. Individual difference analyses revealed significant variability between @entity1 in their weather sensitivity patterns. In general, @entity1 with higher levels of self-reported @entity158 demonstrated more weather sensitivity. When considering the magnitude of these effects, however, weather variables accounted for only a small amount of change in @entity158 scores. This pattern was true even for @entity1 with the most pronounced @entity158 . Thus, although weather sensitivity was found, the effect sizes were not clinically meaningful.

title: XXXX @entity1 show weather sensitivity in daily life, but the relationship is not clinically significant.

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA pain', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain-weather relationships', 'pain']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity1413 , and @entity2362 have been proposed to explain @entity439 formation. Infrarenal aortas were collected from 19 @entity1 (age 70 +/- 7 years) undergoing operative repair of @entity1028 (diameter 7 +/- 2 cm) and from 13 autopsies (age 63 +/- 17 years) of @entity1 without @entity439 (controls). Wall thickness and collagen and @entity2362 concentration were determined in full-thickness aorta. Collagen types I and III were measured after digestion with @entity13518 , which solubilized nearly 90% of total collagen for typing. Cyanogen bromide peptides were separated by sequential carboxymethylcellulose and agarose chromatography and quantified by peak area measurement with computerized image analysis. Histologic examination revealed prominent inflammatory cell infiltration and deficient, fragmented @entity2362 in the @entity439 . Aortic wall thickness was similar in @entity439 and in control specimens. In the @entity439 , collagen was increased (37% +/- 16% vs 24% +/- 5%; p less than 0.05) and @entity2362 was decreased (1% +/- 1% vs 12% +/- 7%; p less than 0.001), expressed as a percentage of delipidized, decalcified dry weight. Collagen type I accounted for 74% +/- 4% of @entity439 and 73% +/- 4% of control collagen solubilized for typing, and collagen type III accounted for 26% +/- 4% of @entity439 and 27% +/- 4% of control collagen solubilized for typing. Neither @entity1 with a family history of @entity439 nor those without a history of @entity439 had @entity1413 . @entity1028 are associated with an inflammatory process and may result from @entity2362 degradation and not a @entity1413 .

title: Collagen types and matrix protein content in XXXX @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity13518 :: ('MESH:D003488', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanogen bromide']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['Deficiencies of total collagen, type III collagen', 'collagen type III deficiency', 'deficiency of type III collagen']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The use of noninvasive ultrasound examinations can potentially result in significant @entity148 in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of music during pediatric ultrasound examinations to reduce @entity148 measured by heart rate. A total of 44 @entity1 were recruited; 21 controls and 23 experimental. Each @entity1 was randomized to either music or no music (control) after parental consent was obtained. Pulse oximeters were used to monitor heart rate at 15 second intervals for a total of 1 minute, with mean values calculated prior to entering the procedure room, during the middle of the procedure, and after the procedure was completed. The total scan time was determined from the initial image acquisition until the last image recorded by the ultrasound technologist. At the completion of each procedure, the ultrasound technologist scored the ease of performance for the scan on a subjective scale of 1-10 based on prior experience. When utilizing music during pediatric ultrasounds examinations, our study demonstrated significantly decreased heart rate variability from pre-procedural to post-procedural periods. There was no statistical significant difference in total scan time or ultrasound technologist scoring between the two groups. This study demonstrates that music is an inexpensive and effective means of reducing @entity148 during pediatric ultrasound as indicated by heart rate.

title: Impact of Music in Reducing XXXX Anxiety During Pediatric Ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: A commercially prepared dried colorimetric microdilution panel (Sensititre @entity375 One, TREK Diagnostic Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA) was compared in 3 different laboratories with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) reference microdilution method by testing 2 quality control strains, 25 reproducibility strains, and 404 isolates of Candida spp. against @entity25928 , @entity11794 , and @entity1331 . Reference CLSI BMD MIC end points and YeastOne colorimetric end points were read after 24 h of incubation. Excellent (100%) essential agreement (within 2 dilutions) between the reference and colorimetric MICs was observed. Categorical agreement (CA) between the 2 methods was assessed using the new species-specific clinical breakpoints (CBPs): susceptible (S),  <=0.25  g/mL; intermediate (I), 0.5  g/mL; and resistant (R), >= 1  g/mL, for @entity5132 , @entity9841 , and C. krusei, and  <=2  g/mL (S), 4  g/mL (I), and >= 8  g/mL (R) for @entity7409 and all 3 @entity5626 . The new CBPs for @entity25928 and @entity11794 and @entity7408 are  <=0.12  g/mL (S), 0.25  g/mL (I), and >= 0.5  g/mL (R), whereas those for @entity1331 are  <=0.06  g/mL (S), 0.12  g/mL (I), and >= 0.25  g/mL (R). Due to the lack of CBPs for any of the @entity5626 and @entity19323 , the epidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) were used for this species to categorize the isolates as @entity164 ( @entity164 ; MIC  <=ECV) and non- @entity164 (MIC >ECV), respectively, for @entity25928 ( <=2  g/mL/>2  g/mL), @entity11794 ( <=1  g/mL/>1  g/mL), and @entity1331 ( <=0.5  g/mL/>0.5  g/mL). CA ranged from 93.6% ( @entity11794 ) to 99.6% ( @entity1331 ) with less than 1% very major or major errors. The YeastOne colorimetric method remains comparable to the CLSI BMD reference method for testing the susceptibility of Candida spp. to the @entity5626 when using the new (lower) CBPs and ECVs. Further study using defined fks mutant strains of Candida is warranted.

title: Comparison of the Sensititre YeastOne colorimetric antifungal panel with CLSI microdilution for antifungal susceptibility testing of the XXXX against Candida spp., using new clinical breakpoints and epidemiological cutoff values.

entities_list: @entity1331 :: ('MESH:C121905', 'Chemical') :: ['micafungin']

entities_list: @entity25928 :: ('MESH:C102786', 'Chemical') :: ['anidulafungin']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity5626 :: (MESH:D054714,Chemical) :: ['echinocandins']


abstract: AIM: To demonstrate the optimal surgical procedure for @entity354 . METHODS: The electronic databases of Medline, Elsevier, Springerlink and Embase over the last 16 years were searched. All clinical trials involved in the outcomes of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) and laparoscopic Toupet fundoplication (LTF) were identified. The data of assessment in benefits and adverse results of LNF and LTF were extracted and compared using meta-analysis. RESULTS: We ultimately identified a total of 32 references reporting nine randomized controlled trials, eight prospective cohort trials and 15 retrospective trials. These studies reported a total of 6236 @entity1 , of whom 4252 (68.18%) underwent LNF and 1984 (31.82%) underwent LTF. There were no differences between LNF and LTF in @entity1 ' satisfaction, perioperative @entity260 , reflux recurrence and re-operation. Both LNF and LTF enhanced the function of lower esophageal sphincter and improved @entity2910 . The @entity86 , @entity11035 , inability to belch and the need for dilatation after LNF were more common than after LTF. Subgroup analyses showed that @entity1282 after LNF and LTF was similar in @entity1 with normal esophageal peristalsis (EP), but occurred more frequently in @entity1 with weak EP after LNF than after LTF. Furthermore, @entity1 with normal EP after LNF still had a higher risk of developing @entity1282 than did @entity1 with abnormal EP after LTF. CONCLUSION: Compared with LNF, LTF offers equivalent symptom relief and reduces adverse results.

title: Evidence-based appraisal in laparoscopic Nissen and Toupet fundoplications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['complications, postoperative heartburn']

entities_list: @entity11035 :: ('MESH:C535647', 'Disease') :: ['gas-bloating syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To see whether combined treatment with oral @entity2445 ( @entity2445 ; @entity2445 ) and lecithin improves the symptoms of @entity1 with @entity195 . DESIGN: Multicentre double blind, placebo controlled, random order crossover trial with individual determination of maximum tolerated dosage and four month follow up. SETTING: Outpatient departments at six university neurological centres. @entity1 : 67 Outpatients (24 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 ) aged 53-81 (mean 66 (SD 7.3)) selected according to the following criteria: probable @entity195 as defined by the National Institute of @entity16 and @entity64 and the @entity195 and @entity74 Association; absence of @entity1316 ; mini mental state score lower than 26; availability of a close relative able to complete questionnaires; and informed consent of the @entity1 or his or her closest relative, or both. INTERVENTIONS: Mean of 114 mg @entity2445 or placebo daily plus 1200 mg lecithin daily given in three divided doses for one four week active treatment period and one four week control period without washout at crossover. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cognitive state as assessed by Folstein's mini mental state rating scale, behavioural state as assessed by the Stockton geriatric rating scale, and overall state as assessed with a visual analogue scale rated by both the relative and the physician. RESULTS: Compared with placebo @entity2445 did not improve either the mini mental state score (mean 14.9 (SD 7.3) v 14.8 (7.3)) or the Stockton geriatric score (28.2 (15.7) v 28.7 (17.8)), but a slight and statistically significant improvement occurred in the physician's score on the visual analogue scale (6.3 (10.2) v 11.6 (17.9)). Seven @entity1 dropped out. Six @entity1 were excluded because of acute @entity99 and one withdrew for personal reasons not related to treatment. Two other @entity1 developed acute @entity99 at the end of the eight week crossover trial and another during the follow up study. Twenty @entity1 complained of gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Neither short term nor long term treatment with oral @entity2445 at dosages lower than 125 mg/day improves the symptoms of @entity195 . Moreover, these dosages may induce @entity99 (nine of 67 @entity1 in this series).

title: XXXX ( @entity2445 ; @entity2445 ) and lecithin in @entity195 of the Alzheimer type: a multicentre trial. Groupe Fran  ais d'Etude de la @entity2445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological and Communicative Disorders']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydroaminoacridine', 'tacrine', 'THA']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Related Disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity2445 :: (MESH:D013619,Chemical) :: ['Tacrine']


abstract: The fields of pediatric @entity299 have experienced considerable progress in the last few years, with advances in new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that can be applied at all stages of life from the fetus to the adult. This article reviews scientific publications in a number of areas that appeared between August 2007 and September 2008. In developed countries, @entity299 is becoming increasingly prevalent in nonpediatric @entity1 , including pregnant @entity1 . Actions aimed at preventing @entity301 must be started early in infancy and should involve the promotion of a healthy diet and lifestyle. Recent developments in echocardiography include the introduction of three-dimensional echocardiography and of new techniques such as two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, which can be used for both anatomical and functional investigations in @entity1 with @entity299 , including a univentricular heart. Progress has also occurred in fetal cardiology, with new data on prognosis and prognostic factors and developments in intrauterine interventions, though indications for these interventions have still to be established. Heart transplantation has become a routine procedure, supplemented in some cases by circulatory support devices. In catheter interventions, new devices have become available for the closure of atrial or @entity1757 and @entity2461 as well as for percutaneous @entity338 . Surgery is also advancing, in some cases with hybrid techniques, particularly for the treatment of @entity1699 . The article ends with a review of publications on @entity296 , @entity2401 and the treatment of @entity3555 .

title: [Update on pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['complex heart disease', 'cardiology and congenital heart disease', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiology and congenital heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10968 ( @entity10968 ) is a @entity5 with an extremely low incidence that morphologically resembles to urothelium. Given the paucity of evidence on the epidemiology and prognosis of @entity10968 , the aim of this retrospective population-based study was to elucidate the demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity43 . METHODS: A cohort of @entity1 diagnosed between 1988 and 2012 was drawn from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance and Epidemiology End Results database. For surgically treated @entity1 , Observed and Disease Specific Survival were calculated following generation of Kaplan-Meier curves. Comparisons were made using the log-rank test. RESULTS: A total of 207 @entity1 were identified. Median @entity1 age was 65years and the majority presented with unilateral, high grade @entity5 with a median size of 10cm. Stage I, II, III and IV disease was noted for 55.4%, 14.4%, 18%, and 12.2% of @entity1 respectively. Only 5.1% had positive lymph nodes for @entity3 . Five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) of @entity1 with @entity5 confined to the ovary was 94.5% compared to 51.3% for those with extra-ovarian spread (p<0.001). Lymphadenectomy was not associated with an improved DSS (p=0.2). CONCLUSIONS: MBTs are typically unilateral high grade @entity5 localized to the ovary. Regional lymphatic spread is uncommon and lymphadenectomy does not confer any improvement on survival. @entity1 with @entity5 confined to the ovary have an excellent prognosis while extra-ovarian spread is associated with a poor outcome.

title: Malignant XXXX of the ovary; a population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian MBT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10968 :: ('MESH:D001948', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant Brenner Tumor', 'MBT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Brenner tumors']


abstract: The analysis is presented of 67 @entity1 with @entity2835 treated in the years 1971-1988. The group consisted of 60 @entity1 (89.5%) and seven @entity1 (10.5%). Presenting symptoms were mostly itching (66%) and @entity1087 (12%). The time between the onset of the first symptoms and the diagnosis was three years, on the average. Autoantibodies to mitochondria were present in 86% of @entity1 . In 27% of cases markers of @entity778 were found. @entity2963 was present in 19 @entity1 (28%). @entity2835 was diagnosed with delay. Third degree of histological changes was observed in 38.8% of cases and in 18% of @entity1 it was already fourth degree. Eighteen @entity1 (27%) died after six years, on the average, from the onset of symptoms. The direct causes of @entity204 were, most frequently, @entity1578 and @entity548 from oesophageal varices.

title: [ XXXX --analysis of clinical material].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HB virus infection']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: Our understanding of the synthesis and production of follicular @entity230 and @entity2918 (PG) in the @entity1707 is based largely on in-vitro studies with granulosa and theca interna tissues obtained from Graafian follicles at various stages of maturation. As the follicle enlarges before the LH surge, granulosa cells exhibit a decrease in FSH receptors and are less responsive to FSH in terms of @entity268 production. Concurrently, there is an increase in granulosa and thecal cell LH receptors associated with an increase in responsiveness to LH and an increase in @entity134 production. Both granulosa and thecal cells produce @entity2931 and @entity1420 , the rates of production being dependent on the stage of maturation of the follicle and substrate availability. Thecal cells are the principal source of @entity3800 and control @entity2931 synthesis by providing aromatizable substrate. After exposure to LH/hCG in vivo, both cell types lose the ability to produce @entity2931 in vitro. These studies support the two-cell, two-gonadotrophin hypothesis of ovarian steroidogenesis. In vitro, granulosa and thecal cells exhibit an increased ability to produce PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha after exposure to LH/hCG in vivo. Follicular PG production appears to be regulated by @entity1426 availability and PG synthetase activity. In vivo, the follicular fluid concentrations of PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha increase markedly at the time of ovulation. The increases in PG levels and ovulation can be blocked by @entity3352 , an inhibitor of PG synthesis. These studies provide convincing evidence for an intrafollicular source of PGs and are consistent with the hypothesis that LH induces an increase in PG production that is essential for rupture of the follicle. @entity230 act on the follicle through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms to modulate follicular growth and differentiation and to regulate steroidogenesis. PG actions on the follicle appear to be exerted via effects on contractile elements of the theca externa, blood vessels and on collagenolytic and other proteolytic enzymes.

title: The synthesis and actions of @entity230 and @entity2918 during follicular maturation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: This study examined the emergency nurse practitioner candidate (ENPC) scope of practice in a Victorian @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The emergency nurse practitioner (ENP) role is relatively new in Victoria and the scope of the ENP(C) practice is yet to be defined. International research literature regarding the ENP role has focused on outcomes such as @entity1 satisfaction, waiting times and/or @entity341 length of stay, accuracy and adequacy of documentation, use of radiography, and @entity1 education, health promotion and communication issues. A prospective exploratory design was used to conduct this cohort study. There were 476 ENPC-managed @entity1 between 14 July 2004 and 31 March 2005 with an average age of 29 years. The majority (77.2%) of ENPC-managed @entity1 were discharged from the @entity341 . The majority of the ENPC time was devoted to clinical practice (55%) and development of clinical practice guidelines (25%). Of @entity1 managed by the ENPC, 49.6% required medications, 51% required diagnostic imaging and 8.6% required pathology testing during their @entity341 stay. The most common discharge referrals were made to local medical officers (73.5%) and the most common referrals made for @entity1 requiring admission were made to the plastic surgery (37.3%) and orthopaedic (35.5%) units. Extensions to the current scope of emergency nursing practice are pivotal to effective management of specific @entity1 groups by ENP. The ENP model of care is an important strategy for the management of increased service demands in Victoria; however, little is known about the scope of the ENPC practice and many outcomes of the ENP care are yet to be defined. Further research to better understand the relationships between ENP outcomes is required if the contribution that ENPs make to emergency care is to be accurately quantified.

title: Defining the scope of practice of the emergency nurse practitioner role in a metropolitan XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Occasionally "identical twins" are phenotypically different, raising the question of zygosity and the issue of genetic versus environmental influences during development. We recently noted monochorionic-monoamniotic twins, one of which had an isolated @entity299 , noncompaction @entity296 , a condition characterized by @entity299 . We examined the prenatal course and subsequent pathologic correlation since ventricular morphogenesis may depend on early muscular contraction and blood flow. The monochorionic-monoamniotic female twin pair was initially identified since one fetus presented with increased nuchal translucency. @entity616 was later identified in the fetus with nuchal translucency who did not survive after delivery. In contrast, the unaffected twin had normal cardiac studies both prenatally and postnatally. Pathologic analysis of the affected twin demonstrated noncompaction of the left ventricle with @entity1141 of the aortic and pulmonary valves. Dissection of the cardiac conduction system disclosed @entity82 . Maternal lupus studies, amniocentesis with karyotype, and studies for 22q11.2 were normal. To test for zygosity, we performed multiple STR marker analysis and found that all markers were shared even using nonblood tissues from the affected twin. These studies demonstrate that monozygotic twins that are monochorionic monoamniotic can be discordant for cardiac noncompaction. The results suggest further investigation into the potential roles of pathologic @entity82 , contractility, and blood flow in cardiac ventricle development.

title: Monoamniotic monochorionic twins discordant for noncompaction XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular bundle fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Complete heart block']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality', 'cardiac ventricular hypertrabeculation']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: 1. Body composition was assessed in 28 healthy subjects (body mass index 20-28 kg/m2) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, @entity6189 dilution, densitometry, 40K counting and four prediction methods (skinfold thickness, bioelectrical impedance, near-i.r. interactance and body mass index). Three- and four-component models of body composition were constructed from combinations of the reference methods. The results of all methods were compared. Precision was evaluated by analysis of propagation of errors. The density and hydration fraction of the fat-free mass were determined. 2. From the precision of the basic measurements, the propagation of errors for the estimation of fat (+/- SD) by the four-component model was found to be +/- 0.54 kg, by the three-component model, +/- 0.49 kg, by @entity6189 dilution, +/- 0.62 kg, and by densitometry, +/- 0.78 kg. Precision for the measurement of the density and hydration fraction of fat-free mass was +/- 0.0020 kg/l and +/- 0.0066, respectively. 3. The agreement between reference methods was generally better than between reference and alternative methods. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry predicted three- and four-component model body composition slightly less well than densitometry or @entity6189 dilution (both of which greatly influence these multi-component models). 4. The hydration fraction of fat-free mass was calculated to be 0.7382 +/- 0.0213 (range 0.6941-0.7837) and the density of fat-free mass was 1.1015 +/- 0.0073 kg/l (range 1.0795-1.1110 kg/l), with no significant difference between @entity1 and @entity1 for either. 5. The results suggest that the three- and four-component models are not compromised by errors arising from individual techniques.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Four-component model for the assessment of body composition in XXXX : comparison with alternative methods, and evaluation of the density and hydration of fat-free mass.

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Colorectal surgery is rapidly developing in the direction of minimally invasive surgery and functional surgery. New technology and ideas are constantly emerging recently. Laparoscopic colon surgery has already been recommended by NCCN guideline. However, laparoscopic @entity5 surgery still needs to wait for survival and recurrence rates of long-term follow-up data for verification. In recent years, with the rapid progression of imaging equipment of laparoscope, the new 3D laparoscopic system will process image more quickly, and surgeons can get space depth feeling like open surgery only with a pair of glasses. The new 3D laparoscopic system has many advantages, and can also shorten the learning curve of the beginners. But it does not mean the traditional 2D laparoscopy has been out of date. It is admitted that dialectical view on the development of the technology and equipment is still required. New things also need the accumulation of time and validation, and the deficiency of imaging system remains to be improved. At present, the robotic @entity14 surgery is still in its infancy, and its application is relatively common in colon surgery. In respect of @entity5 surgery, it still lacks of long-term follow-up survival results for verification. To reduce physical and psychological @entity130 for @entity1 is the goal of the surgeon. Surgeons are experiencing the change from minimally invasion to non-invasion. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and natural orifice specimen extraction surgery (NOSES) arise at the historic moment. Among them, transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) incorporates the concepts of NOTES, anal minimally invasive surgery and total mesorectum excision, guaranteeing the radical cure and no scar of abdomen, but it still needs multicenter, large sample and long-term follow-up clinical data to prove its safety, efficacy and indication. Therefore, surgical procedure is transforming from conventional laparoscopic surgery to the NOTES and NOSES. The surgical principle is the eternal cornerstone to ensure the radical @entity5 resection and the safety of @entity1 .

title: [Advances of minimally invasive technique in XXXX surgery].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'robotic rectal cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of @entity296 perfusion ( @entity93 ) imaging using color and gray-scale image analysis. BACKGROUND: Current myocardial @entity93 techniques have varying diagnostic accuracy and are prone to artifacts that impair detection. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of color and/or gray-scale @entity93 and the application of artifact criteria to detect hypoperfusion. METHODS: Fifty-nine prospectively enrolled @entity1 with abnormal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies were analyzed. True hypoperfusion was defined if SPECT hypoperfusion corresponded to obstructive coronary stenoses on CT angiography (CTA). @entity93 applied color and gray-scale myocardial perfusion maps to resting CTA images. Criteria for identifying artifacts were also applied during interpretation. RESULTS: Using combined SPECT plus @entity13542 as the diagnostic standard, abnormal myocardial @entity93 was present in 33 (56%) @entity1 , 19 suggesting @entity1188 and 14 suggesting @entity63 . @entity1 -level color and gray-scale myocardial @entity93 sensitivity to detect @entity1188 was 90%, with specificity 80%, and negative and positive predictive value of 94% and 68%. To detect @entity63 or @entity1188 , @entity93 specificity and positive predictive value were 92% whereas sensitivity was 70%. Gray-scale myocardial @entity93 had slightly lower specificity but similar sensitivity. Myocardial @entity93 artifacts were present in 88% of studies and were identified using our criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Color and gray-scale myocardial @entity93 using resting CTA images identified @entity583 with high sensitivity as well as @entity1188 or @entity63 with high specificity and positive predictive value without additional testing or radiation. Color and gray-scale @entity93 had slightly better specificity than gray-scale alone.

title: XXXX on resting computed tomography angiography images accurately identifies @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial CT']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial hypo-enhancement']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that left @entity85 during atrial systole (LASRa) correlates with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), thus enabling echo-derived pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) estimation in a wide range of different subsets of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Various etiologies of @entity120 ( @entity120 ) have different mechanisms and treatments for @entity1353 . Irrespective of the location of the underlying pulmonary vascular pathology, pre- or postcapillary, the resulting @entity120 is fairly easy to assess by Doppler echocardiography, but PVR remains a challenge. METHODS: We prospectively included 46 @entity1 (mean age 61    13 years) in sinus rhythm, who underwent right heart catheterization because of @entity1353 . According to the NICE guidelines classification, 22 belonged to group 1 @entity120 ( @entity120 ), 19 belonged to group 2 @entity712 ( @entity712 ), 1 belonged to group 4 @entity120 ( @entity120 ), and 4 had normal hemodynamics. Simultaneous Doppler echocardiography using spectral, tissue Doppler, and speckle tracking echocardiography techniques for assessing LA structure and function was performed. RESULTS: PCWPrhc correlated with LASRa (r(2) = 0.65, P < 0.001). PCWPecho was calculated using the equation (PCWPecho = 26.12 - 11.09 * LASRa), and the resulting PVR echo strongly correlated with the respective catheter-based measurements PVRrhc (r(2) = 0.69. P < 0.001) with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 74% identifying a PVR >=  3 WU. CONCLUSIONS: Left atrial strain rate during atrial systole correlates closely with pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and consequently the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance, irrespective of the etiology of @entity120 .

title: Left Atrial Intrinsic Strain Rate Correcting for Pulmonary Wedge Pressure Is Accurate in Estimating Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Breathless XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PAH', 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH', 'PH', 'pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['atrial deformation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) promotes intestinal growth and maintains gut structure and function, especially in situations of @entity32 . Several mechanisms could contribute to @entity7647 protective effects on gut. Proteomics enable us to characterize differentially expressed proteins in tissues in response to modifications of the biological or nutritional environment. @entity7647 effects on the @entity1 intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cell line proteome were assessed under basal and proinflammatory conditions. The 2-DE gels were obtained and compared. Proteins were identified by MS and using databases. About 1200 spots were detected in both 2- and 10-mM @entity7647 concentrations. Under basal conditions, 24 proteins were differentially expressed in response to @entity7647 . Half of these proteins were implicated in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis and 20% in membrane trafficking. Under proinflammatory conditions, 27 proteins were up- or down-regulated by @entity7647 10 mM. From these proteins, 40% were involved in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis, 16% in membrane trafficking, 8% in cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms and 8% in nucleic acid metabolism. This study provides the first holistic picture of proteome modulation by @entity7647 in a @entity1 enterocytic cell line under basal and proinflammatory conditions, and supports further evaluation of nutritional modulation of intestinal proteome in @entity1 .

title: Proteomic analysis of @entity1160 -treated XXXX intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cells under basal and inflammatory conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and during inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To investigate the influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blockers on the progression of early @entity2316 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1723 (mean age 18.8 years) with microalbuminuria 31 (19-160) microg/min were randomised to treatment with @entity4688 (group 1, n = 7) or @entity1406 (group 2, n = 6). Renal biopsies were taken before and after 38 (36-48) months of treatment. Albumin excretion rate, blood pressure and HbA1c were measured every third month. A reference group without antihypertensive treatment (group 3, n = 9), with similar age, @entity6 duration and degree of microalbuminuria as group 1 and 2, had baseline and follow-up renal biopsies taken previously with an interval of 26-34 months, analysed at the same laboratory. Glomerular structures were measured by stereological methods. RESULTS: Measurements of basement membrane thickness, mesangial and matrix volume fractions were similar among groups at baseline. Structural variables were only increased in group 3 at follow-up. Delta values in basement membrane thickness and @entity2316 index per 24 months were lower in group 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p < 0.05). Microalbuminuria returned to normal in group 1 and 2 only. @entity644 rate tended to inversely correlate with increased basement membrane thickness (p = 0.08) and @entity2316 index (p = 0.05). Mean HbA1c was similar between groups. Mean diastolic blood pressure was lower in group 1 and 2 than in group 3 (p < 0.01). Mean HbA1c and mean diastolic blood pressure correlated to changes in basement membrane thickness, mesangial volume fraction and @entity2316 index (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Contrary to findings in the group without antihypertensive treatment, no progression of @entity8 was seen in those treated with @entity4688 or @entity1406 .

title: Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or beta blocker on glomerular structural changes in young microalbuminuric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased albumin excretion']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Offspring of @entity1 with @entity6677 ( @entity23258 ) have greater risk for @entity28 and impaired metabolic health. Whether impaired metabolic health occurs in the absence of @entity28 is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the independent and interactive effects of intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 and of @entity1 's current weight status on their metabolic health. METHODS: @entity1 aged 5   10 years (n = 51) with and without intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 ( @entity23258 vs. offspring of non-diabetic @entity1 [CTRL]) were grouped into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] < 85th %) and overweight (BMI > 85th %) according to Centers for Disease Control growth curves. Lipid profile was obtained by fasting blood @entity1720 (SI) and secretion by liquid meal tolerance test, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Despite similar average BMI percentiles among normal weight @entity23258 versus CTRL, and overweight @entity23258 vs. CTRL, @entity23258 had greater total %fat and trunk fat adjusted for leg fat compared with CTRL (P < 0.05). Overweight @entity1 had lower SI (P < 0.05) and greater basal, static, and total insulin secretion independent of SI (P < 0.05). @entity23258 was independently associated with greater static insulin secretion (P < 0.05) and the interaction between @entity23258 and overweight was associated with greater basal insulin secretion independent of SI (P < 0.01). @entity23258 and overweight were each associated with lower high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Intrauterine exposure to @entity6677 was associated with greater central adiposity and insulin secretion, and lower HDL-C, irrespective of current weight status. Future research should examine respective contributions of the intrauterine environment and of underlying genotype on @entity1 's metabolic health.

title: Overweight status and intrauterine exposure to XXXX are associated with @entity1 's metabolic health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['draw, insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6677 :: (MESH:D016640,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study aims to assess the feasibility and midterm outcome of trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ). DESIGN: Retrospective chart review involving four European vascular surgery departments and two surgical teams. MATERIALS AND METHODS: charts for @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy for symptomatic @entity2850 between December 2003 and November 2009 were reviewed. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography and postoperative duplex scan and/or CT angiography were performed. RESULTS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 (nine @entity1 ) with a median age of 52 years (interquartile range: 42.5-59 years) underwent trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for @entity2850 . All @entity1 had a history of postprandial @entity490 ; @entity353 exceeded 10% of the body mass in eight cases. Preoperative CT angiography revealed @entity850 >70% in all cases. One @entity1 had additional @entity3665 and @entity432 , while another @entity1 presented with an occluded superior mesenteric artery. Two conversions occurred (one difficult dissection and one aorto-hepatic bypass needed for incomplete release of @entity2850 ). The median @entity190 was 195 ml (range: 50-900 ml) and median operative time was 80 min (interquartile range: 65-162.5 years). Symptoms improved immediately in 10/11 @entity1 (no residual stenosis) while one remained unchanged despite a residual stenosis treated by a percutaneous angioplasty. Symptoms reappeared in one @entity1 due to @entity432 . The mean follow-up period was 35    23 months (range: 12-78 months). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that trans-peritoneal laparoscopy for treating median arcuate ligament syndrome is safe and feasible. Additional @entity1 and a longer follow-up are needed for long-term assessment of this laparoscopic technique.

title: Laparoscopic surgery for XXXX : current management and technical aspects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac artery compression syndrome', 'CACS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac axis occlusion', 'inferior mesenteric artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac trunk stenosis']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['coeliac artery compression syndrome']