abstract: OBJECTIVE: An increasing number of studies indicate that pepsin and @entity6741 cause damage to the ear, nose, and throat structures as a result of extraesophageal reflux. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the damaging effect of @entity3645 and pepsin on the @entity2172 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy @entity35 were included in this study. The animals were divided into 5 groups. A single daily dose of 40  mol/L @entity10140 , 40  g/mL pepsin, and saline were injected separately into the right middle ear of the @entity35 . On day 30, all @entity35 were decapitated, and @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded samples of the middle ear both from the control and experimental @entity35 were prepared. A semiquantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: Inflammatory response was seen in all @entity2172 of @entity35 except control group 1. The degree of inflammatory response was higher in the @entity6741 group when compared with the other groups. Epithelial metaplastic changes with varying number of goblet cells were observed in both the @entity6741 - and pepsin-injected groups. These metaplastic changes were also higher in the @entity6741 -induced group than in the pepsin-injected group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on the @entity2169 of both pepsin and @entity6741 . Our results demonstrate that @entity3645 were associated with more extensive @entity3137 at pH 7 in comparison to pepsin in a @entity35 animal model. Inflammatory response and metaplastic changes may play an important role in the etiology of middle ear pathologies.

title: Histopathologic changes in the @entity2172 after exposure to pepsin and unconjugated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile acid']


abstract: A 41-year-old @entity1 with advanced Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM) associated with the hyperviscosity syndrome, massive @entity381 and with IgM concentration of 10 g/dl, was treated in January 1984 with plasmapheresis, systemic chemotherapy (M2 protocol) and splenic radiotherapy. He rapidly improved and was discharged 1 month later. Fourteen months later he underwent splenectomy since a mild @entity381 persisted though the normalization of bone marrow, peripheral blood and electrophoresis with an IgM concentration of 140 mg/dl. However, at this time immunofixation and immunoelectrophoresis showed a small IgM-kappa monoclonal component. The histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed minimal splenic involvement by WM. Two months after splenectomy, immunofixation and immunoelectrophoresis showed no monoclonal component. The spleen was the probable site of minimal @entity66 . The @entity1 was treated with monthly @entity5805 and @entity229 for 2 years. Subsequently clinical and laboratory tests persisted within normal limits. The last control performed in January 2002 showed that the @entity1 was in good health; bone marrow examination ( @entity1173 , biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis) and immunofixation persisted normally. This interesting case report, with advanced WM, alive, in good health and without signs of disease 18 years from diagnosis, is presented here and the role of splenectomy is debated.

title: Advanced waldenstr  m's XXXX : a case of possible cure after systemic chemotherapy, splenic radiation and splenectomy.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate measurements of brain and core temperatures during warming and cooling of the whole organism, accidentally or therapeutically, are important for studies of thermoregulation and cerebral insults and resuscitation. HYPOTHESIS: During steady states and normal circulation, temperatures in the brain, nasopharynx, esophagus and rectum (the latter are core temperatures) equilibrate quickly; and that during rapid cooling or warming, slight temperature gradients occur, with esophageal core temperature reflecting brain temperature better than rectal temperature. METHODS: We evaluated 5 mongrel @entity235 and 12 pigtail monkeys. The animals were exposed to total body @entity221 by immersion into water at 45 degrees C to achieve cerebral temperature 42 degrees C which was maintained until @entity1167 . In monkeys, at @entity1167 , surface cooling and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were attempted for up to 30 min to determine resuscitability at 38.5 degrees C. Continuously monitored were brain (epidural) (Tep), esophageal (Tes), rectal (Tre) and nasopharyngeal temperatures (Tnp). Also monitored were mean arterial pressure and intracranial pressure. RESULTS: At normothermia, in @entity235 and monkeys, Tep, Tre, Tes and Tnp correlated well. In the @entity235 , during heating, Tes, Tnp and Tre at first correlated well. Vigorous panting started as Tep reached 41 degrees C, which immediately lowered Tnp and Tep to increase less steeply than Tes and Tre. After about 40 min of panting, with cerebral perfusion pressure still normal, Tep decreased sharply and reached the levels of Tnp, while Tre remained high. In the monkeys during heating, Tep, Tes and Tre correlated well. When cerebral perfusion pressure decreased below 50 mmHg, Tep declined significantly as compared with Tre, which continued to be high in severe arterial @entity551 . Tes at that time achieved levels between Tep and Tre. During cooling in monkeys, the decline in Tre was slower as compared with the decline in Tes and Tep. CONCLUSIONS: In normal @entity235 and monkeys, rectal, esophageal and nasopharyngeal temperatures are almost identical with brain temperatures; but during rapid external warming or cooling, brain temperature is reflected in nasopharyngeal temperature, somewhat in higher esophageal temperature, but not in even higher rectal temperature. For clinical monitoring during temperature changes, one should use primarily esophageal temperature and, if feasible, brain (epidural) temperature as well.

title: Do standard monitoring sites affect true brain temperature when XXXX is rapidly induced and reversed.

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study is to confirm the reliability of optic nerve ultrasound as a method to detect intracranial @entity101 in @entity1 with spontaneous @entity932 , to assess the reproducibility of the measurement of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and to verify that ONSD changes concurrently with @entity428 ( @entity428 ) variations. METHODS: Sixty-three adult @entity1 with @entity510 (n = 34) or primary @entity1779 (n = 29) requiring sedation and invasive @entity428 monitoring were enrolled in a 10-bed multivalent ICU. ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the globe through a 7.5-MHz ultrasound probe. Mean binocular ONSD was used for statistical analysis. @entity428 values were registered simultaneously to ultrasonography. Twenty-eight ONSDs were measured consecutively by two different observers, and interobserver differences were calculated. Twelve coupled measurements were taken before and within 1 min after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage to control @entity428 . RESULTS: Ninety-four ONSD measurements were analyzed. 5.2 mm proved to be the optimal ONSD cut-off point to predict raised @entity428 (>20 mmHg) with 93.1% sensitivity (95% CI: 77.2-99%) and 73.85% specificity (95% CI: 61.5-84%). ONSD- @entity428 correlation coefficient was 0.7042 (95% CI for r = 0.5850-0.7936). The median interobserver ONSD difference was 0.25 mm. CSF drainage to control @entity428 caused a rapid and significant reduction of ONSD (from 5.89    0.61 to 5    0.33 mm, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Our investigation confirms the reliability of optic nerve ultrasound as a non-invasive method to detect @entity428 in @entity932 @entity1 . ONSD measurements proved to have a good reproducibility. ONSD changes almost concurrently with CSF pressure variations.

title: Reliability of optic nerve ultrasound for the evaluation of XXXX with spontaneous @entity932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes with the severity of @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ). METHODS: One hundred and fourteen @entity2876 @entity1 and 114 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Relative telomere length (RTL) was assessed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate RTL as an independent risk factor of @entity2876 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to calculate the accuracy of biomarkers in the prediction of @entity1575 . RESULTS: @entity2876 @entity1 had significantly shorter telomeres than healthy controls (p < 0.0001). The RTL in @entity2876 @entity1 with @entity1087 was considerably lower than that of @entity1 without @entity1087 (p = 0.005). Moreover, RTL was markedly shorter in @entity1 with @entity82 (F4), as compared to @entity1 with mild @entity82 (F2) and non- @entity82 (F0-F1, p < 0.0001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that short RTL was associated with a higher risk of @entity1575 in @entity2876 . Tertile analysis showed a dose-response effect for this association (p trend < 0.0001). Additionally, RTL in @entity2876 @entity1 revealed a negative correlation with age (r = -0.50, p < 0.001). We noted an association between reduction of RTL and liver stiffness scores, adjusted for age and gender (b = -0.01, p < 0.0001). Short RTL can be employed to distinguish @entity82 @entity1 from non- @entity82 @entity1 (AUC = 0.78). Further analysis showed a linear correlation between leukocyte RTL and liver RTL in @entity2876 @entity1 (r = 0.83, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide evidence that telomere @entity3207 is associated with an elevated risk of @entity1575 in @entity2876 .

title: Telomere Length in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes Is Associated with Severity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['Biliary Atresia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and safety of intravitreal bevacizumab in myopic @entity1940 (mCNV). METHODS: In this noncomparative, consecutive, interventional case series, 12 eyes of 11 @entity1 with mCNV without any previous treatment were included. @entity1 received intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 @entity32227 mL) at baseline and at 4 weeks interval, if optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed presence of intraretinal @entity4 , subretinal fluid, and/or @entity1713 . @entity1 were followed up for a minimum of 6 months and changes in best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT) on OCT, angiographic characteristics, and complications were assessed. RESULTS: The mean refractive error was -11.25 diopters. At 6 months the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 20/235 (median 20/235) to 20/71 (median 20/80) (p=0.01). The mean CMT was reduced from 403 micronm (median 365 micronm) to 229 micronm (median 239 micronm) (p=0.002). At final visit 9 eyes (75%) had an improvement of BCVA of three lines or more, and only 1 eye (8%) lost two lines. No significant ocular or untoward systemic side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this small series short-term results suggest that intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 @entity32227 mL) is safe, effective, and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1940 due to @entity1714 . Further evaluation in large series with longer follow-up is needed to confirm long-term efficacy and safety in such cases.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) as primary treatment for myopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pigment epithelial detachment']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: The management of complex micturition problems frequently encountered in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) may be facilitated by characterization of the elastic properties of the prostate. To this end, we have developed a method of evaluating changes in prostate biomechanics using ultrasound (US) images obtained during routine diagnostic urodynamic evaluations. Ultrasound video sequences of the prostate and urethra during voiding were digitized simultaneously with bladder pressure measurement on 76 @entity1 with @entity1566 , having a mean age of 47 +/- 16 years. Computer enhancement of the bladder/prostate/urethral interface from sequences of 2-D US images facilitated measurement of midprostatic urethral displacement during micturition. Of 76 @entity1 , 21 were able to initiate voiding. Maximum urethral diameter was 12.0 +/- 1.3 mm, with corresponding maximum voiding pressure of 61.6 +/- 1.9 cm @entity2507 . Urethral/prostatic pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) was 960 +/- 624 N/m(2) and @entity2693 (beta) calculated as the inverse of compliance was 2.8 +/- 0.1. The diameter of the urethra at P(det50+), during the opening phase, was 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm and, during the closing phase, was 0.7 +/- 0.1 mm. During voiding, the anterior prostate was displaced to a greater extent than the posterior prostate. These observations suggest that distension of the prostate/urethra during micturition is hysteretic and nonuniform and indicates regional differences in compliance within the prostate/urethra interface. These regional differences lend support to the concept that the posterior prostate is implicated in the active process of micturition involving the fibromuscular stroma. Clinical application of this method could include quantification of the biomechanics of micturition consequent to @entity3510 , @entity1069 , and the impact of targeted evaluation of pharmacological interventions.

title: Displacement sequence and elastic properties of anterior prostate/urethral interface during micturition of spinal cord injured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Complement activation has been implicated in ischemia/reperfusion injury. This study aimed to determine whether mild hypothermia (HT) inhibits systemic and cerebral complement activation after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Sixteen minipigs resuscitated from 8   minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation were randomized into two groups: HT group (n=8), treated with HT (33  C) for 12   hours; and normothermia group (n=8), treated similarly as HT group except for cooling. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 0.5, 6, 12, and 24   hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The brain cortex was harvested 24   hours after ROSC. Complement and pro-inflammatory markers were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Neurologic deficit scores were evaluated 24   hours after ROSC. C1q, Bb, @entity65612 ( @entity65612 ), C3b, C3a, C5a, @entity23677 , and tumor necrosis factor-a levels were significantly increased under normothermia within 24   hours after ROSC. However, these increases were significantly reduced by HT. Hypothermia decreased brain C1q, @entity65612 , C3b, and C5a contents 24   hours after ROSC. Hypothermic @entity1707 had a better neurologic outcome than normothermic @entity1707 . In conclusion, complement is activated through classic, alternative, and @entity65612 pathways after ROSC. Hypothermia inhibits systemic and cerebral complement activation, which may provide an additional mechanism of cerebral protection.

title: Mild hypothermia inhibits systemic and cerebral complement activation in a XXXX model of cardiac arrest.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: @entity1835 , a proapoptotic molecule of the @entity588 family, is regulated by reversible phosphorylation. During survival, @entity1835 is sequestered by 14-3-3 through @entity563 136 phosphorylation and is dissociated from @entity1836 ) through @entity563 155 phosphorylation. We report that @entity8283 112 (pSer112) dephosphorylation functions as a gatekeeper for @entity1835 -mediated apoptosis. During apoptosis, dephosphorylation of pSer112 preceded pSer136 dephosphorylation. Dephosphorylation of pSer112 accelerated dephosphorylation of pSer136, and inhibition of pSer112 dephosphorylation prevented pSer136 dephosphorylation, indicating that dephosphorylation of pSer112 is required for dephosphorylation of pSer136. Protein phosphatase 2A ( @entity4333 ) is the major pSer112 phosphatase. @entity4333 competed with 14-3-3 for @entity1835 binding, and survival factor withdrawal enhanced @entity4333 association with @entity1835 . Dephosphorylation of the critical residue, pSer136, could only be blocked by inhibition of all known subfamilies of @entity563 / @entity1889 phosphatases, suggesting that multiple phosphatases are involved in pSer136 dephosphorylation. Inhibition of @entity4333 rescued FL5.12 cells from apoptosis, demonstrating a physiologic role for @entity4333 -mediated pSer112 dephosphorylation. Thus, @entity4333 dephosphorylation of pSer112 is the key initiating event regulating the activation of @entity1835 during @entity2772 withdrawal-induced apoptosis.

title: Protein phosphatase 2A dephosphorylation of @entity8283 112 plays the gatekeeper role for XXXX -mediated apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity1835 :: (572,Gene) :: ['BAD']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of the Cyberknife treatment for @entity1 with advanced or @entity5 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity157 with extrahepatic @entity3 or vascular or bile duct invasion were enrolled between May 2011 and June 2015. The Cyberknife was used to treat each lesion. Treatment response scores were based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors v1.1. The trends of @entity5 markers, including @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and proteins induced by @entity2067 absence II (PIVKA II) were assessed. Prognostic factors for @entity5 response and @entity5 markers were evaluated with Fisher's exact test and a logistic regression model. Survival was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 with 95 lesions were enrolled. Based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification, all @entity1 were either in the advanced or terminal stage of the disease. The target lesions were as follows: 52 were bone @entity3 ; 9, lung @entity3 ; 7, brain @entity3 ; 9, portal vein invasion; 4, hepatic vein invasion; 4, bile duct invasion; and 10 other lesion types. The response rate and disease control rate were 34% and 53%, respectively. None of the clinical factors correlated significantly with @entity5 response. Fiducial marker implantation was associated with better control of both @entity160 (HR = 0.152; 95%CI: 0.026-0.887; P = 0.036) and PIVKA II (HR = 0.035; 95%CI: 0.003-0.342; P = 0.004). The median survival time was 9 mo (95%CI: 5-15 mo). @entity5 (HR = 9.809; 95%CI: 2.589-37.17, P < 0.001) and an @entity160 of more than 400 ng/mL (HR = 2.548; 95%CI: 1.070-6.068, P = 0.035) were associated with worse survival. A radiation dose higher than 30 Gy (HR = 0.274; 95%CI: 0.093-0.7541, P = 0.012) was associated with better survival. In the 52 cases of bone @entity3 , 36 @entity1 (69%) achieved @entity158 relief. One @entity1 had @entity1779 and another @entity1 had an esophageal ulcer after treatment. CONCLUSION: The Cyberknife can be safely administered to @entity1 with advanced or terminal stage @entity157 . High @entity160 levels were associated with worse survival, but a higher radiation dose improved the survival.

title: Cyberknife treatment for advanced or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'terminal stage hepatocellular carcinoma', 'Terminal stage disease']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['terminal stage hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2012, we implemented a ready open @entity130 intensive care unit (TICU) bed process. Our hypothesis was that this process would decrease @entity341 ( @entity341 ) length of stay (LOS) in a cost-effective manner without worsening clinical outcomes. METHODS: We developed a charge nurse without a @entity1 assignment to facilitate this open bed. We also provided team training for early ICU resuscitation. All Level 1 activations admitted directly to the TICU before and after the implementation were examined. @entity1 taken directly to the operating room from the @entity341 , @entity204 within 24 hours of admission, and @entity1 with nonsurvivable @entity542 were excluded. Cost-effectiveness of the position was examined. RESULTS: Age (mean [SD], 45.78 [18.71] years), sex (74.7% male), and Injury Severity Score (ISS) (mean [SD], 17.27 [9.26]) were not significantly different. Median @entity341 LOS for the postimplementation group decreased from 230 minutes to 66 minutes (p < 0.001). Median ICU LOS (from 3.29 to 2.98 days, p = 0.13) and total median hospital LOS (from 10.71 to 7.98 days, p = 0.06) decreased but were not statistically significant. Controlling for age, ISS, sex, and mechanism of injury the postimplementation group had a 29% reduction in ICU LOS (2.12 days), a 28% reduction in hospital LOS (4.34), and a 54% reduction in @entity341 LOS (154 minutes). The LOS decreased despite a small increase in ISS (from 15.89 to 18.37). Observed/expected mortality did not differ between the groups, preimplementation/postimplementation of 0.87 and 0.92. Nursing productivity increased one nurse after implementation at a cost of  624 per day. The ICU LOS decrease of 1.6 days at a rate of  1,144 average ICU daily cost of room and board totaled  1,830 per @entity1 . The decreased ICU LOS dollars minus the increase nurse pay resulted in an overall savings of  1,206 per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Rapid access to the TICU made possible by the charge nurse without a direct assignment and team training has a potential cost savings without adversely affecting @entity1 outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Cost analysis, level III.

title: Maintaining an open XXXX intensive care unit bed for rapid admission can be cost-effective.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Hormone-producing cells in the @entity35 anterior pituitary gland are not randomly distributed; rather, there are specific topographic affinities among five cell types (Noda et al., Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 2001;34:313-319). In this study we reconstructed these affinities, at least partially, in primary monolayer culture. Pituitary cells collected from adult male @entity35 were enzymatically dispersed and cultured for 72 hr at a density of 1 x 10(5) cells/cm(2). We double-immunostained cells using antibodies against hormones, and then used confocal laser microscopy to examine the ability of the cells to attach to each other. We also statistically analyzed the affinity of all combinations of the five types of hormone-producing cells. We observed clusters by electron microscopy to identify junctional complexes between the cells. Confocal laser microscopy indicated that the features and attachment patterns of hormone-producing cells in vivo were similar to those in vitro. Statistical analyses revealed that the rates at which the five types of hormone-producing cells attached to @entity11249 ( @entity11249 )-, prolactin ( @entity3695 ), and luteinizing hormone (LH)-producing cells were unequal, which suggests there are specific topographic affinities. The specific rates of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing cell attachment to @entity11249 cells, LH to @entity3695 cells, and @entity3695 to LH cells were high, whereas that of @entity3695 attachment to @entity3695 cells was low. In addition, the rates correlated with the data from our previous in vivo study. Ultrastructural observations revealed few junctional complexes between hormone-producing cells. These results indicate that anterior pituitary hormone-producing cells can attach to specific types of cells by means of specific and/or nonspecific adhesion factors, and can reconstruct the topographic nature of the pituitary gland.

title: XXXX anterior pituitary cells in vitro can partly reconstruct in vivo topographic affinities.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The success of local fibrinolysis in vertebrobasilar @entity1031 depends on the volume and composition of the clot. Since thrombolysis can also be time consuming and cause @entity548 , we investigated the feasibility of a mechanical clot retraction device based on a @entity5648 basket advanced through a microcatheter. METHODS: Five @entity1 with acute @entity887 of the basilar artery who presented with progressive @entity64 and @entity1662 were included in a multicenter study (Neuronet Evaluation in @entity64 [NEED]). In 3 @entity1 flow reversal was induced with the use of @entity1346 balloons or coaxial catheters. Three @entity1 required additional fibrinolysis. RESULTS: The device failed to retrieve the clots in our first 2 @entity1 with @entity1416 . After successful recanalization by local fibrinolysis, both @entity1 survived, 1 disabled and 1 with little residual impairment. In the next 3 @entity1 the anterograde flow in the basilar artery was reversed during the short retraction period by temporarily blocking the vertebral or subclavian arteries. Two of these @entity1 were completely recanalized by solely mechanical means; the third @entity1 needed additional fibrinolysis before also being recanalized. All 3 @entity1 survived: 1 remained disabled, 1 had almost a full recovery, and 1 became asymptomatic the day after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical @entity715 extraction seems to be a feasible method for preventing @entity1188 by rapid, complete, and safe recanalization of the basilar artery. We recommend the use of flow control to support retrieval of the @entity715 (which the proximal flow would otherwise keep in place like a cork) and to protect the distal vessels from embolization by fragments.

title: XXXX with a mechanical extraction device: necessity of flow reversal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic Stroke Disease', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['distal basilar artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['Treatment of basilar artery embolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the prevalence of @entity74 (DSM IV @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity4697 ) amongst @entity1 referred to a rheumatology out- @entity1 service and the proportion of these detected by the rheumatologist. (2) To test the hypotheses that @entity74 are associated with (i) broad categories of rheumatological diagnosis ( @entity262 , inflammatory vs non- @entity262 , non-inflammatory), (ii) female gender, (iii) greater symptom burden and disability and (iv) markers of socio-economic deprivation. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was made of consecutive newly referred attenders at a hospital-based, regional rheumatology service. @entity74 , @entity158 , health status and socio-economic factors were assessed by questionnaire. The letter to the referrer was scrutinized for the rheumatological diagnosis and mention of @entity74 . RESULTS: A total of 256 @entity1 were eligible and 203 (79%) participated. The sample was 69% female, had a mean age of 50 yr and 68 @entity1 (33.5%) had one or more @entity74 . Only a minority were detected. There was no association with type of rheumatological diagnosis. @entity1 with an @entity74 were more likely to be female (81 vs 62%; P<0.007), to report more @entity158 (mean Visual Analogue Score 70 vs 50 mm, P<0.001), a greater number of somatic symptoms (median 3 vs 1, P<0.001) and greater disability (median Health Assessment Questionnaire 1.1 vs 0.5, P<0.001). @entity74 were also associated with some, but not all, measures of lower social and economic status and life dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity74 is present in one-third of new rheumatology referrals. The course, causation and management of this important component of @entity221 merit further attention.

title: Quantifying the burden of emotional ill-health amongst XXXX referred to a specialist rheumatology service.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorders']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Emotional disorders', 'emotional disorders', 'Emotional disorder', 'emotional disorder']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatological illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the initial treatment of severely injured @entity1 a good cooperation of the emergency medical service (EMS) with the hospital team is mandatory. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the quality of cooperation between hospitals working within a @entity130 network and the rescue service and to develop a tool allowing assessment of the preclinical and clinical interface. METHODS: Specific surveys concerning preclinical management and transfer to the target hospital were developed within a modified Delphi process. Injured @entity130 @entity1 were included if the EMS involved was participating in the network and they were transferred to one of the participating hospitals. RESULTS: Over an 11-month period a total of 360 @entity1 were included in the study. The notification of transferring injured @entity1 to the target hospital was carried out in a regular manner. Transport accompanied by an emergency physician occurred in 97   % of the cases and no emergency physician was available although needed in only 1   % of cases. Correct choice of target hospital was documented in 98.2   %. The average waiting time for transferring the @entity1 to the hospital team was 0.15  min. In 95.7   % of cases a hospital physician was available to directly receive the @entity1 in the emergency room. On a scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 10 (very good) clinical personnel as well as rescue teams rated the cooperation between both with a median of 10 points (IQR 8;10). From the clinicians point of view airway and circulation problems and external @entity548 were correctly treated in the preclinical setting (airway 93.9   %, circulation 97.3   % and external @entity548 95.3   %); however, for extremity injuries only in 78.5   % of the cases. CONCLUSION: This survey presents an adequate tool to identify weak spots within the primary management and to point out elements for improvement.

title: [Interface between preclinical and clinical @entity130 care : Analysis of the processes in a XXXX network].

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is accompanied by changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells due to dysregulation of adaptive and innate immunity, counterregulatory responses to immune @entity1720 , and @entity4854 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 43 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1723 , 12 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), and 24 healthy controls. One- and 4-month follow-up samples were obtained from 20 of the @entity1723 @entity1 . RESULTS: Microarray analysis identified 282 genes differing in expression between newly diagnosed @entity1723 @entity1 and controls at a false discovery rate of 0.05. Changes in expression of @entity1356 , early growth response gene 3, and @entity3009 -endoperoxide synthase 2 resolved within 4 months of insulin therapy and were also observed in @entity2175 , suggesting that they resulted from @entity4854 . With use of a knowledge base, 81 of 282 genes could be placed within a network of interrelated genes with predicted functions including apoptosis and cell proliferation. @entity1356 and the MYC oncogene were the most highly connected genes in the network. @entity1356 was highly overexpressed in both @entity1723 and @entity2175 , whereas MYC was dysregulated only in @entity1723 . CONCLUSION: @entity1723 and @entity2175 likely share a final common pathway for @entity4085 that includes secretion of @entity1356 and @entity2918 by immune effector cells, exacerbating existing @entity4085 , and causing further @entity4854 . The results identify several targets for disease-modifying therapy of @entity6 and potential biomarkers for monitoring treatment efficacy.

title: Gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['beta-cell dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulation, insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of individuals aged over 80 years is the fastest increasing group in developed countries. @entity62 ( @entity62 ) observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have uncertain clinical significance, particularly in the old. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of periventricular and deep @entity62 in survivors of an original cohort of randomly selected elderly community dwellers, and to examine their associations with clinical markers of vascular and @entity21 of ageing, as well as quantitative cognitive measures. METHODS: Brain MRI, lifestyle interview, cognitive testing and medical examination were administered to 122 @entity1 from the Sydney Older @entity1 Study 6-year review (mean age: 85.5 years). @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) genotype was also established. Presence and severity of periventricular and deep @entity62 were ascertained using semi-quantitative rating methods and their relations to the cognitive and clinical variables investigated. RESULTS: Periventricular @entity62 were present in all @entity1 in similar severity for all three regions sampled. In contrast, a gradient of severity was observed for the deep @entity62 : most severe in the parietal region, followed by the frontal and occipital regions, and least severe in the temporal region. Associations with gender or with the @entity2204 epsilon4 allele were non-significant. @entity62 were inconsistently associated with age and cognitive functioning or with the clinical markers of @entity303 . No frontal specificity emerged. Examination of individual lesion types did not change the general pattern of associations. Supporting evidence for a threshold effect was observed on some measures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62 are extremely common in elderly, @entity3257 individuals. Unlike in younger individuals, @entity854 may not be evidence of a current pathological process and their importance may change with advancing age.

title: Are MRI white matter lesions clinically significant in the 'old-old'? Evidence from the Sydney Older XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['ApoE', 'Apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MRI abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal disorders']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White matter lesions', 'WML']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-demented']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this analysis were to determine the effect of @entity417 on loco-regional control, relapse-free survival, cause-specific survival, overall survival, and acute and late radiation therapy @entity137 in @entity1 with Stage III and @entity957 of the @entity135 treated with radiotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1991 and 1998, 350 @entity1 were randomly assigned to either conventional radiotherapy, (70 Gy in 35 fractions in 49 days) or to accelerated radiotherapy (59.4 Gy in 33 fractions in 24 days). @entity1 were divided into two groups according to their haemoglobin level: a normal haemoglobin group (>/=13 g/dl in males, >/=12 g/dl in females) and a low haemoglobin group (<13 g/dl in males, <12 g/dl in females). The influence of @entity417 on cause-specific survival and the development of @entity33 independent of other variables was tested using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Of 350 @entity1 recruited to the trial, 238 had haemoglobin measurements and were eligible for inclusion in this secondary analysis. One hundred and ninety-three were considered to have normal haemoglobin, and 45 @entity1 were considered to be anaemic. There were significant differences between the groups in loco-regional control, relapse-free survival, cause-specific survival and overall survival, with hazards ratios of 0.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34-0.94), 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.92), 0.49 (95% CI 0.29-0.85) and 0.43 (95% CI 0.26-0.70) in favour of the normal haemoglobin group. Using Cox proportional hazards modelling, haemoglobin level was a significant predictor of cause-specific survival in addition to disease site, stage, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in the development of acute or late reactions. CONCLUSION: Significant reductions in loco-regional control, disease-free survival, cause-specific survival and overall survival occur in the presence of @entity417 . No significant differences in normal tissue @entity137 have been identified in this analysis.

title: The effect of @entity417 on efficacy and normal tissue @entity137 following radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['IV squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['confluent mucositis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of case-control studies were conducted to investigate the association of @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) polymorphisms with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). But the results remain controversial. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between a common   2/  3/  4 polymorphism in @entity2204 gene on the risk of @entity725 . METHOD: A comprehensive literature search for studies published up to April 2013 was performed. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated employing random-effects models irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias of literatures was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies including 1916 cases and 1756 controls meeting the predefined criteria were involved in this meta-analysis. Overall, the @entity2204   2 allele and   4 allele were not associated with @entity725 , compared with those carrying   3 allele, with ORs of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.79 to 1.23; P=0.872) and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.78 to 1.41; P=0.743), respectively. Genotypic analysis also found no significant association between the   4 carriers (  3/  4+  4/  4),   2 carriers (  2/  3+  2/  2) and @entity725 , compared with @entity1 with @entity2204   3/3, with ORs of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.25; P=0.543) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.57; P=0.694), respectively. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of controls, genotyping methods, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or not, or type of the @entity725 , still no obvious associations were found. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that @entity2204 /  4 polymorphisms may not be associated with the risk of @entity725 . However, well-designed studies with larger sample size and more ethnic groups are required to further validate the results.

title: Lack of association of @entity2204 ( XXXX )   2/  3/  4 polymorphisms with primary open-angle glaucoma: a meta-analysis from 1916 cases and 1756 controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['Apo E   2/  3', 'Apo E', 'apolipoprotein E']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['Apo E']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity697 is the most common emergency presenting to pediatric surgeons. With proper history and thorough physical examination, the diagnosis of the condition clinically should approach 90%. With the increasing ease of performing radiologic investigations because of technological advances, more ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) are used to help diagnosing @entity698 . The aim of this study is to review the trend of diagnosing @entity698 in a single center and discuss the implications. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out for all @entity1 who were admitted with @entity697 between 1997 and 2007. The methods of diagnosis were divided into 3 groups as follows: clinical, ultrasound, and CT. The demographics and operative findings were noted. Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's Exact test and paired t test when appropriate. A value of P < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: During this period, a total of 254 @entity1 (167 @entity1 and 87 @entity1 ) were admitted with @entity698 . The average age at presentation was 12 years, and the mean duration of symptoms before presentation was 2 days. For 11 years, there was an initial rise of the use of ultrasound (10% in 1997 to a peak of 60% in 2005). This percentage decreased with a corresponding rise of the use of CT scan (0% in 1997 to 35% in 2007). There was no correlation found between the use of adjunct investigations and the severity of @entity698 found at operation, suggesting an overreliance of CT. CONCLUSION: It appears that there is an increasing trend in using radiologic investigations for the diagnosis of @entity698 for the past 11 years. With the association of @entity5 in later life and early radiation exposure well documented, it would be advisable to avoid the use of CT if possible.

title: Diagnosing XXXX : are we overusing radiologic investigations?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have reported @entity235 cutaneous @entity9600 -derived cells named @entity37352 sensitized with monomeric IgG released @entity112 upon anti-IgG stimulation. However, IgG or IgE-mediated signal transduction in the cells remains to be examined. METHODS: Monomeric IgG-binding to cells was measured by flow cytometry using FITC-anti-IgG. IgG-mediated protein @entity4149 phosphorylation was studied by Western blotting using anti- @entity10393 antibody. We monitored the intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) when IgG-primed cells were activated with anti-canine IgG. Release of @entity141 from intracellular stores was analyzed with @entity2426 in the absence of extracellular @entity141 . The @entity141 entry via store-operated @entity141 channel from the external environment was characterized using @entity8594 , @entity3411 and @entity4527 . Cells sensitized with canine serum abundant in IgG and IgE or heat-inactivated serum were activated by anti-canine IgG or anti-canine IgE. The effect of extracellular @entity141 and reaction time on IgG-mediated @entity112 release was examined. @entity866 and @entity63319 were used to clarify the IgG-mediated protein @entity4149 phosphorylation. RESULTS: Abundant IgG-binding sites on the cell were detected by FACS analysis. Anti-IgG induced rapid protein @entity4149 phosphorylation and [ @entity141 ](i) elevation. When extracellular @entity141 was excluded by @entity4527 , a mild and transient increase in [ @entity141 ](i) was observed, indicating the release of @entity141 from anti-IgG-sensitive intracellular @entity141 stores. The constant @entity8594 entry from external environment proved the @entity141 influx occurred mainly via a store-operated @entity141 channel which was inhibited by @entity3411 and @entity4527 . Canine serum-sensitized cells showed a rapid and sustained increase in [ @entity141 ](i) upon both anti-IgG and anti-IgE stimulation. The [ @entity141 ](i) elevation induced by anti-IgE was decreased in the cells sensitized with heat-inactivated serum. @entity112 release from CM-MCs was absolutely dependent on extracellular @entity141 , and reached equilibrium within 5 min. @entity866 inhibited the @entity4149 phosphorylation of 38-, 65-, 70-, 80-kD proteins. @entity63319 inhibited the @entity4149 phosphorylation of 38- and 70-kD proteins. @entity866 also inhibited IgG-mediated [ @entity141 ](i) elevation and @entity112 release in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: @entity235 cutaneous @entity9600 -derived (CM-MC) cells were activated by both IgG- and IgE-mediated mechanisms. IgG-mediated protein @entity4149 phosphorylation and @entity141 influx were similar to those mediated by IgE. CM-MC cells are useful for the study of @entity32 caused by IgG-dependent mechanisms.

title: IgG-mediated signal transduction in @entity235 XXXX -derived cells.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity9600 :: (MESH:D034801,Disease) :: ['mastocytoma']


abstract: Outdoor pools (2.3 x 2.3 m) were used to simulate typical @entity579 agricultural practices in Louisiana, USA, to evaluate the @entity137 of @entity4204 (active ingredient [a.i.] @entity276 ) and its degradates to crayfish ( @entity11110 ). Six paddies were planted with seed treated with ICON 6.2 FS at an exaggerated application rate of 0.05 kg a.i./ha (recommended rate, 0.042 kg a.i./ha), simulating three @entity579 -planting scenarios. Two reference paddies were planted with untreated seed. Crayfish were exposed to tail water within 24 to 48 h after seeding, simulating standard Louisiana agricultural and water management practices. At 50 d after planting, a separate group of crayfish was caged in situ for 14 d to evaluate @entity137 . An additional 50 crayfish were added to two paddies approximately 100 d after @entity579 planting and held for 29 weeks to evaluate bioaccumulation. Residues of @entity276 and its degradates in water and soil were similar to residue concentrations measured from @entity579 fields in Louisiana. Tail water from the treated paddies was not toxic to crayfish. The @entity276 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) for adult crayfish was 180 microg/L, which would provide at least a sixfold safety factor between the maximum @entity276 concentration in tail water and the crayfish LC50. In situ exposures of crayfish also were not toxic. Concentrations of @entity276 and its degradates after 29 weeks of exposure were less than 5 microg/kg in crayfish tail muscle tissue. These results demonstrate that label instructions adequately protect crayfish in a @entity579 -crayfish cropping scenario when ICON is applied at maximum application rates as a seed treatment.

title: ICON @entity579 seed treatment @entity137 to crayfish ( XXXX ) in experimental @entity579 paddies.

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity11110 :: ('6728', 'Species') :: ['Procambarus clarkii']

answer: @entity11110 :: (6728,Species) :: ['Procambarus clarkii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) recurrences, especially in the facial region, represent a complex cosmetic problem. To date the possibility of predicting recurrence is supported solely by the histologic subtype. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between @entity1491 histologic subtypes linked to high and low risk of recurrence and the presence of @entity1867 on sonography. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the pre-surgical ultrasound examinations of primary @entity5702 with visualization and counting of intra-tumoural @entity1867 . The data were then correlated with the corresponding histologic subtype. RESULTS: Thirty one @entity1 with histologically proven @entity1491 were included in the study. @entity1867 were detected in all cases and there was a positive, statistically significant association between @entity1867 count and high recurrence risk histologic subtypes. Higher @entity1867 count was found in the recurrence-prone micronodular, sclerosing variant and morpheiform @entity1491 subtypes. Low risk and high risk of recurrence showed a significant difference on the mean @entity1867 count of 5.5 (range: 3-25) and 8 (4-81). A cut-off point >= 7 @entity1867 presented a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 53% for predicting the high risk of recurrence subtypes. CONCLUSION: The presence and count of @entity1867 within @entity1491 may help predicting the high risk of recurrence histologic subtypes.

title: Ultrasound as predictor of histologic subtypes linked to recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperechoic spots', 'hyperechoic spots']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['BCC tumours']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC lesions', 'BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma of the skin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Numerous reports have shown that @entity3076 shows a rapid and consistent antiplatelet effect among European and US @entity1 . Previous studies suggest that @entity3076 might be expected to achieve an adequate antiplatelet effect in healthy Asian subjects, even at lower doses than those assessed in the TRITON-TIMI 38 study. In this study, the antiplatelet effect of @entity3076 was evaluated in Japanese @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 were randomized into four treatment groups: @entity3076 10/2.5mg ( @entity9420 [ @entity9420 ]/maintenance dose [ @entity22 ]), 15/3.75 mg or 20/5mg, and @entity1397 300/75 mg. The @entity9420 of each regimen was administered the day before PCI, followed by 28-day @entity22 on @entity117 background therapy (81-100mg). Antiplatelet effects were evaluated by light transmission aggregometry and @entity19319 assay. The mean inhibition of @entity1423 ( @entity9348 ) induced by 20  M of @entity857 at 4 hours after @entity9420 was higher among the @entity3076 10/2.5mg, 15/3.75 mg and 20/5mg groups compared with the @entity1397 group (12.3%, 20.9%, 29.8% vs. 8.4%, respectively). The proportion of subjects with an IPA of <10% on Day 28 was lower among the @entity3076 15/3.75 mg, and 20/5mg groups than in the @entity1397 group (0%, 6.3% vs. 15.8%, respectively). No "major" or "clinically relevant non-major" @entity548 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3076 15 mg @entity9420 /3.75 mg @entity22 or higher doses was well tolerated and achieved a more rapid, higher and consistent antiplatelet effect than @entity1397 in Japanese @entity453 @entity1 undergoing PCI.

title: Pharmacodynamic assessment of a novel P2Y12 receptor antagonist in Japanese @entity1 with XXXX undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity3076 :: ('MESH:C408153', 'Chemical') :: ['prasugrel', 'Prasugrel']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity9420 :: ('MESH:C536761', 'Disease') :: ['loading dose', 'LD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Ethnic and racial differences in the provision of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) analgesia for @entity174 have recently been reported in two large cities. The authors sought to determine, in a third city, whether nonwhite @entity1 with @entity174 were less likely to receive analgesics than white @entity1 with similar injuries. METHODS: At an urban Level 1 @entity130 center and teaching hospital, a retrospective cohort study was conducted of all @entity341 @entity1 aged 18 to 55 years seen from July 1, 1998, through June 30, 1999, with an @entity341 discharge diagnosis of isolated long-bone @entity174 identified by ICD-9 codes 812, 813, 821, and 823. Exclusion criteria included injury more than 12 hours prior to presentation or a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of less than 14. The main outcome measure was @entity341 analgesia administration. RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria; 181 were white, 58 African American, 46 Hispanic, 38 Asian. All ethnic/racial groups were equally likely to receive no analgesia or no parenteral analgesia. The overall risk for no analgesia was 20% and for no parenteral analgesia was 31%. Stratification and multiple logistic regression to control for gender, @entity174 , and need for reduction failed to identify any trend toward reduced analgesia administration in any ethnic/racial group. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to two recently reported studies, at this urban @entity130 center and teaching hospital @entity341 , there was no difference in the administration of analgesics to white and nonwhite @entity1 with @entity174 .

title: Lack of association between XXXX ethnicity or race and @entity174 analgesia.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractured', 'fracture', 'long-bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate operative results and 1-year outcomes in early vs late experience after fenestrated endovascular aortic repair. METHODS: All @entity1 treated in Malm  , Sweden, and in Lille, France, with fenestrated endovascular repair for @entity1028 were prospectively enrolled in a computerized database. Early experience was defined as the first 50 @entity1 treated at each center. Data from early and late experience were retrospectively analyzed and compared for differences in operative results and 1-year outcomes. RESULTS: Early experience covered 4.7  years in Malm   and 4.5  years in Lille; late experience covered 5.6  years in Malm   and 3.7  years in Lille. A total of 288 @entity1 were included. In the later phase, stent graft configuration was more complex because of increased number of fenestrations/scallops incorporated in the graft design (2.7     0.8 vs 3.2     0.7; P  < .001). Despite this, volume of contrast material and radiation time decreased by 27% and 20%, respectively, whereas procedure time remained unchanged. At 1  year, a trend toward decreasing @entity1028 was observed in the late group, but no differences were found in mortality, endoleaks, or target vessel patency between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: With increasing experience, fenestrated @entity439 repair design has become more complicated, with more visceral vessels targeted for better proximal seal, while operative risk still remains low. Simultaneously, radiation time and volume of contrast material have been reduced, with possible long-term benefits for the @entity1 .

title: Early versus late experience in fenestrated endovascular repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: This study was designed to assess the frequency of the dawn phenomenon in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . A secondary aim was to examine the influence of varying treatment regimens on the frequency of the dawn phenomenon. The dawn phenomenon was defined as a rise in plasma @entity413 levels of > or = 0.5 mmol/L (10 mg/dL) between 0500 and 0900 h occurring after a @entity2124 surge of > or = 5 microg/L. Sixteen subjects (six @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) with @entity164 2 @entity6 were studied overnight on their current mode of therapy in the General Clinical Research Center. Additionally, six of these subjects were restudied in random order after each of the following three therapeutic regimens: (1) 6 weeks of @entity15506 , (2) 6 weeks of bedtime NPH insulin, and (3) 3 days of intensive insulin therapy with multiple injections of regular insulin followed by assessment during overnight intravenous infusion of insulin. Thus, a total of 34 overnight studies were performed under various treatment conditions to provide an approximate frequency of the dawn phenomenon in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Blood was drawn every 30 min between midnight and 0800 h for measurement of @entity413 , insulin, @entity2690 , and @entity2124 levels. Additional counterregulatory hormone levels were determined during 24 of the studies, and the integrity of @entity2124 secretion in response to insulin-induced @entity4053 was assessed in 12 of the 16 @entity1 . The subjects were aged 51 +/- 15 years with a body mass index of 31 +/- 5 kg/m(2) and a mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 8.1 +/- 1.2%. The dawn phenomenon occurred in only one of 34 (3%) studies. Moreover, the four different treatment regimens did not affect the frequency of occurrence of the dawn phenomenon. Ten of the 12 @entity1 tested failed to secrete @entity2124 in response to insulin-induced @entity4053 . These data suggest that the dawn phenomenon is unusual in @entity164 2 @entity6 . Previously reported high prevalence rates in studies using similar sample size may be attributable to a Biostator-induced artifact. Decisions regarding therapies for @entity164 2 @entity6 should not be based on the assumption that the dawn phenomenon routinely causes early morning @entity4854 .

title: Frequency of the dawn phenomenon in @entity164 2 XXXX : implications for @entity6 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity15506 :: ('MESH:D005913', 'Chemical') :: ['glipizide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Various types of assist devices have been developed for severe @entity712 . Among them, intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) has achieved popularity, mainly in the treatment of @entity1 with either severe @entity1188 or @entity998 ( @entity998 ) after open-heart surgery. However, IABP has a limitation in that although it acts as a pressure support, it cannot directly support flow volume. In cases of severe pump failure, stronger pump support would be required. However, there is a limit in the clinical use of temporary mechanical support using a pump because of the costs of the expensive equipment. With this in mind, we came up with a new idea in which the motion of a balloon in IABP system is converted into a power source for creating a one-way stream. In order to realize our idea, we made a J-shaped sample model of pulsating chamber incorporating two ball valves. In the hydrodynamic experiment using our new device, flows over 2500 ml/min (Max. 3475 ml/min) were obtained. The percent changes in parameters such as TTI, DPTI and bypass flows obtained by the experiment of left ventricular bypass have demonstrated that our assist system is effective for reducing cardiac work.

title: Bypass balloon pumping: a newly developed device for mechanical circulatory support in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['LOS', 'low cardiac output syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failures']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infarction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For major @entity299 , the benefits of antenatal diagnosis on some post-natal measures have been suggested. However, findings have been inconclusive and focus on short term outcome measures alone with little data from a UK population. Our aim is to describe differences in reported outcomes for @entity1 born with isolated @entity1699 or @entity3886 in a UK population, following either antenatal or postnatal diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective population-based study with case note review covering a 15  year period (1st January 1998 to 31st December 2012) in the British county of Leicestershire. Cases were identified from two local registers: the East Midlands and South @entity154 Register and a list of surgical @entity1 held by the East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre. RESULTS: In total 52 cases of @entity1699 or @entity3886 were identified with 24 (46.2%) diagnosed antenatally. Maximum and minimum follow up was 181 and 16  months respectively. Median follow up was 83  months (IQR: 44-111). The risk of intubation in the postnatal period (OR: 4.64, 95% CI: 1.40 - 15.32) was greater in cases of @entity1699 or @entity3886 diagnosed after birth when compared to those diagnosed antenatally. There was a non-significant increase in the risk of @entity520 in the postnatal period (OR: 12.5, 95% CI: 0.64 - 245.46). No differences in mortality or long-term outcomes were demonstrated between antenatally and postnatally diagnosed cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm data from American and European populations that, for a British population, an antenatal diagnosis of a major @entity299 can have a favourable impact on some postnatal outcome measures. There appears to be no evidence that time of diagnosis impacts on long-term outcome measures.

title: Outcomes when XXXX is diagnosed antenatally versus postnatally in the UK: a retrospective population-based study.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Yorkshire Congenital Anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition of the Great Arteries']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity242 ( @entity242 ) is a rare @entity8650 of uncertain histogenesis that arises predominantly in the extremities of young adults. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells are typically positive for @entity2277 , low molecular weight cytokeratin (CAM5.2) and @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ). METHOD: We examined eight cases of @entity242 from seven different @entity1 . All cases were studied with immunohistochemistry for @entity2543 , CAM5.2 (keratin 8 and 18), 34BE12 (keratins 1, 5, 10 and 14/15), @entity24426 ( @entity5822 , @entity2225 ), and @entity2280 . RESULTS: The average @entity1 age was 53 (range 43-76) and the male:female ratio was 5:2. The location was the upper extremity in @entity5 , the lower extremity, the perineum, and the paraspinal soft tissue in one @entity5 each. All cases contained predominantly epithelioid cells, but spindle cells were also present in three cases. All cases contained areas of geographic @entity39 . CAM5.2 was strongly positive in seven @entity5 and focally positive in one (8/8). @entity2543 was diffusely positive in two cases and focally positive in five cases (7/8). @entity2280 was diffusely positive in 3/8 cases. 34BE12 was diffusely positive in one case and focally positive in two others (3/8). @entity5822 was diffusely positive in one case and focally positive in another (2/8). @entity2225 was negative in all cases (0/8). All cases tested were positive for @entity2277 (6/6), 2 cases were focally positive for HHF35 (2/5), and all cases tested were negative for @entity4483 protein (0/7). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the known immunoreactivity for CAM5.2 and @entity2543 , there is positivity for @entity5822 and 34BE12 in a small proportion of cases. None of the cases expressed @entity2225 . This immunophenotypic profile suggests that @entity242 is more similar to @entity189 and @entity1352 than to other soft tissue @entity5 , and may be of diagnostic utility.

title: @entity24426 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'Epithelioid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['malignant soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'five tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'epithelial membrane antigen']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['epithelioid sarcoma']


abstract: @entity698 is a common diagnosis encountered by the acute care surgeon. Management of @entity532 is controversial and often involves initial nonoperative therapy with @entity13198 . This study reviews single-institutional experience with management of @entity532 with @entity13198 and addresses an unusually high occurrence of incidental appendiceal @entity5 observed with a review of relevant literature. A retrospective review of all diagnoses of @entity698 was performed over 5 years at a tertiary care center. @entity1 demographics, time to surgery, operative technique, pathologic diagnosis, and clinical outcomes were examined. Three hundred fifteen @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity697 . Of these, 24 (7.6%) were deemed complicated and did not undergo immediate appendectomy, and 18 ultimately underwent appendectomy at our institution and were included in analysis. There were no statistical demographic or symptomatic differences between the immediate and @entity13198 @entity1 . Ninety-nine per cent of the immediate appendectomy @entity1 were treated laparoscopically; 78 per cent of the interval group underwent attempted laparoscopic treatment with 56 per cent completed without conversion to open (P < 0.01). @entity5 were discovered in 1 per cent of the acute appendectomy group and 28 per cent of the @entity13198 group (P < 0.0001). Two of the three @entity5 in the acute group were @entity4303 , whereas three of the five @entity5 in the interval group were @entity420 . Surgeons should consider @entity694 in cases of @entity532 when nonoperative management is considered. This is most important in @entity1 older than 40 years, in those who forego @entity13198 , or in those who could be lost to follow-up.

title: Increased risk of XXXX in @entity698 treated with @entity13198 : single-institution experience and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity13198 :: ('OMIM:610141', 'Disease') :: ['interval appendectomy']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal or colonic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasm']


abstract: AIM: A sensitive and selective method was developed and validated to study the pharmacokinetics of @entity1849 . METHODS: The blood samples were pretreated by protein precipitation method using @entity1042 . @entity1089 was used as an internal standard. After pretreatment, the samples were assayed by LC/MS/MS method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 5.2 using non-compartment model. The separation was performed on a Venusil XBP PH column (5   m, 2.0*100 mm) with an isocratic mobile phase consisted of @entity1042 -water (containing 50 mM @entity5189 ) (65:35, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The Agilent G6410B triple quadrupole LC/MS system was operated under the multiple reactions monitoring mode (MRM) using the electrospray ionization technique in positive mode. RESULTS: The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) of the analyte of the method was 10 ng/mL. The method was linear with correlation coefficient >0.995. The intraday and interday accuracy and precision of the assay were acceptable. CONCLUSION: This method has been applied successfully to a pharmacokinetic study involving the oral and intravenous administration of @entity1849 to @entity235 .

title: Pharmacokinetic study of XXXX in @entity235 plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['Quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium formate']

answer: @entity1849 :: (MESH:D007510,Chemical) :: ['isatin']


abstract: 12 @entity1 evaluated for @entity249 and found to be azoospermic on semen analysis underwent testicular biopsy. Those with adequate spermatogenesis underwent exploration and vaso-epididymostomy was done when possible. The operative technique consisted of serial sectioning of the epididymis beginning at the tail and extending as high as necessary to see sperm on a wet smear. A microsurgical 2 layer single tubule epididymovasostomy was performed on demonstration of patency. Of 3 @entity1 with @entity3885 , 2 had adequate sperm counts postoperatively. A @entity1 with mucovicidosus remained azoospermic postoperatively, as expected. @entity3885 appears to be more common in the head and mid-portion of the epididymis, while inflammatory disease appears to occur in the tail of the epididymis. The 3 @entity1 with histories of @entity3892 due to @entity281 all had sperm postoperatively and 2 pregnancies subsequently occurred. A @entity1 injured in Vietnam leading to severing of the right vas deferens and left orchiectomy underwent right vasoepididymostomy and had sperm in his ejaculate 1 year later. A @entity1 with @entity3892 after attempted vasectomy reversal had a fair sperm count 3 months after vasoepididymostomy. Among 4 @entity1 with primary @entity3892 , 3 remained azoospermic after vasoepididymostomy and 1 had a negligible sperm count. Of the 12 @entity1 , 8 were documented to have sperm in their ejuculate after follow-up of 3 months to 3 years. At present, ductal obstruction offers excellent opportunity for repair while @entity154 have yet to be controlled surgically.

title: XXXX in azoospermic males.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital obstruction of the epididymis', 'congenital obstruction of the epididymis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity3892 :: (MESH:D004823,Disease) :: ['Epididymal obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is being performed with increasing frequency in the USA as a definitive treatment for morbid @entity28 and associated comorbidities. Management strategies of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity101 ( @entity101 ) medications in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) @entity1 postoperatively are unclear, specifically in the immediate postoperative period and 6  months following surgery. METHODS: From 01 June 2010 to 30 June 2011, at a single military medical facility, a retrospective review of 88 consecutive SG @entity1 was conducted to examine the postoperative medical management of @entity101 and @entity6 . @entity1 's @entity101 and @entity6 medication regimens were evaluated for 6  months postoperatively. Categorical data was analyzed using chi-square, and continuous data was compared using the Student t test. Statistical analyses were completed with Stata, version 12. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 were prescribed an average of 2.21 @entity101 medications at baseline which was reduced to an average of 1.23 (p   <   0.01) medications per @entity1 at 1  month. Twenty-four @entity1 received an average of 1.41 oral @entity6 medications with a reduction to 0.70 (p   <   0.01) on average at 1  month postoperatively. Medication changes persisted throughout the 6-month follow-up. Among @entity6 @entity1 requiring insulin therapy, the mean insulin dose was 42.1 units reduced to 16.8 units immediately postoperatively (p   <   0.01) which persisted at 1  month. At 6  months, the mean insulin dose was 13.3 units. CONCLUSIONS: Medication adjustments for @entity101 and @entity6 made immediately in the postoperative period following SG persisted throughout the 6-month follow-up period and in some @entity1 , required further adjustments.

title: A Retrospective Review of the Medical Management of @entity101 and XXXX Following Sleeve Gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: This study quantifies the setup uncertainties to optimize the planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margin based on daily image guidance, its dosimetric impact, and radiobiological implication for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in @entity135 . Ten @entity1 were retrospectively chosen who had been treated with IMRT and with daily image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT). The daily setup errors of the 10 @entity1 from on-board imaging for the entire treatment were analyzed. Planning target volumes were generated by expanding the clinical target volumes (CTVs) with 0 to 10 mm margins. The IMRT plans with the same dose-volume constraints were created in an Eclipse treatment planning system. The effect of volume expansion was analyzed with biological indices such as @entity5 control probability, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), and equivalent uniform dose. Analysis of 906 daily setup corrections using daily IGRT showed that 98% of the daily setups are within   5 mm. The relative increase in @entity343 -CTV volume from 0 to 10 mm margins provides nearly 4-fold volume increase and is linearly related to monitor unit (MU). The increase in MU is about 5%/mm margin increase. The relative increase in NTCP of parotids from 5 to 10 mm margins is 3.2    1.15. Increase in @entity343 margin increases extra tissue volume with a corresponding increase in MU for treatment and NTCP values. Even a small margin increase (eg, 1 mm) may result in increase of more than 20% in relative extra volume and 15% in NTCP value of organs at risk (OARs). With image guidance, the setup uncertainty could be achieved within   5 mm for 98% of the treatments, and a margin <5 mm for @entity343 may seem desirable to reduce the extra tissue irradiated, but at the expense of a more demanding setup accuracy.

title: Image Guidance-Based Target Volume Margin Expansion in IMRT of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Head and Neck Cancer']


abstract: To study the manifestations of @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) in @entity1 of @entity3883 associated with @entity157 , 32 cases of histopathologically diagnosed @entity157 with @entity3883 were successfully examined with routine @entity10747 . 31 @entity1 were demonstrated by @entity10747 as having @entity3883 . Among them, 19 were hepatic perihilar bile duct stricture, 7 bile ductile tumorous @entity715 , 3 perihilar bile duct stricture complicated with @entity715 , 2 @entity3 to hilar lymph node, and 1 common bile duct stone as proven by sphincterotomy. The malignant perihilar stricture was all of type III and IV by @entity1535 standard of Klastin @entity5 . In @entity1 identified as having bile duct @entity5 @entity715 , by the Ueda classification, none was of type I and II; 1 type III a; 4 III b; 2 type IV. @entity157 with @entity3883 was mainly caused by the malignant infiltration of @entity5 , and most stricture was of serious nature. When major extra-hepatic bile duct was involved by @entity5 @entity715 , @entity3883 might develop. Malignant perihilar stricture and @entity5 @entity715 might coexist in some @entity1 . @entity1087 was rarely caused by hepatic hilar lymph node @entity3 . @entity1087 was not necessarily caused by @entity5 and sometimes, it might be caused by common bile stones. Care should be exercised in differentiation diagnosis in such @entity1 .

title: The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic manifestations of histopathologically diagnosed @entity157 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice', 'malignant obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of mesh during @entity4037 repair (VHR) is a well-accepted concept. However, the ideal location of mesh placement remains heavily debated. While VHR with onlay mesh placement has been historically associated with a high rate of wound events, this surgical approach is technically less challenging than VHR with sublay mesh placement. The purpose of this study is to compare onlay mesh placement with adhesive fixation to sublay mesh placement 30-day wound events using the Americas @entity547 Society Quality Collaborative (AHSQC) database.background STUDY DESIGN: All @entity1 undergoing elective, open VHR with synthetic mesh placement from January 2013 through January 2016 were identified within the AHSQC. Only @entity1 with clean wounds were included. @entity1 were divided into two groups: onlay mesh placement with the use of adhesive and sublay mesh placement. The association of mesh location with 30-day wound events was investigated using a matched analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,854 @entity1 met inclusion criteria; 1,761 (95.0%) underwent sublay mesh placement while 93 (5.0%) underwent onlay mesh placement with the use of adhesive. A 2:1 sublay-to-onlay matched analysis was performed based on factors previously shown to influence wound events following VHR. After matching, both groups had a lower average @entity4037 working group grade and less associated comorbidities. There was no statistically significant difference between the sublay vs. onlay groups with respect to 30-day surgical site infections (2.9% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.30), surgical site occurrences (15.2% vs. 7.7%, p = 0.08), or surgical site occurrences requiring procedural intervention (8.2% vs. 5.5%, p = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: VHR with onlay mesh placement is a safe alternative to VHR with sublay mesh placement in low-risk @entity1 . Additional studies are needed to determine the long-term mesh outcomes and recurrence rates in both of these groups.

title: Onlay with Adhesive Use Compared to Sublay Mesh Placement in XXXX Repair: Was Chevrel Right? An Americas @entity547 Society Quality Collaborative Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['Ventral Hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevation of endogenous LH levels may result in premature luteinization. This may also be associated with the increased rate of @entity2208 . @entity4396 analogue ( @entity4397 ) used prior to @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG/FSH) administration may improve the outcome of ovulation induction. OBJECTIVES: To assess if GnRHa pre-treatment plus FSH/hMG increase the rate of clinical pregnancy and/or decrease the rate of @entity2208 in @entity1 with WHO group two @entity409 , compared with hMG/FSH alone. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Subfertility Review Group specialised register of controlled trials was searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: All relevant published and unpublished RCTs were selected. Three RCTs were identified comparing these two approaches. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:                 <AbstractText Label="DATA EXTRACTION" NlmCategory="METHODS">A diverse search strategy was employed, including hand-search of 43 core journals from 1966 to the present, bibliographies of relevant trials, MEDLINE database, abstracts from North American and European meetings and contact with authors of relevant papers. Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardised data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomisation, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two by two tables were generated for all relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using by two. MAIN RESULTS: Studies were clinically and statistically homogenous. Common odds ratios for pregnancy per treatment cycle and moderate to severe @entity43 ( @entity43 ) were 1.50 (0.72-3.12) and 1.40 (0.5-3.92) respectively. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: These studies are too small to clearly demonstrate clinically significant differences in pregnancy rate between the two approaches. However, data from IVF studies suggest that there may be an increased risk of @entity43 associated with GnRHa use. In the absence of evidence suggesting a benefit of GnRHa augmentation for @entity3610 , it should not be recommended as a standard treatment for this @entity1 group. Further studies assessing live birth and @entity43 rates are warranted.

title: WITHDRAWN: Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue as an adjunct to gonadotropin therapy for clomiphene-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['Gonadotropin releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ovulatory dysfunction']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 612 Background: Breast Conservation Therapy (BCT) for early @entity0 is an effective option in selected @entity1 with primary @entity0 . Mammographic evaluation of breast abnormalities developing after BCT can be difficult. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a valuable imaging tool in oncology. We investigated the efficacy of PET imaging in predicting the nature of suspicious breast changes following BCT. METHODS: All @entity1 with prior BCT with suspicious mammographic or breast examination findings necessitating biopsy evaluation were offered participation. After signed informed consent, PET imaging was performed using F-18 FDG General Electric PET scanner. Breast biopsy was obtained following the PET scan. Pathologic findings were correlated with the PET findings. RESULTS: 33 @entity1 were enrolled in the study between 6/1997 and 11/2003 with 31 @entity1 completing both PET imaging and breast biopsy. The population characteristics at the time of the original @entity0 diagnosis were as follows: (1) Race and age: African Americans 21 (68%) (mean age = 46.8), Caucasian 10(32%) (mean age = 52.8). (2) Tumor size: 7 @entity5 <=  10mm, 11 between 11-20mm, 11 between 21-30mm, and 2 between 31-50mm. (3) Nodal Status: 21(68%) node negative, 10(32%) node positive. (4) Hormone receptor status: 51% negative, 49% positive.Biopsy/PET Results: 58% of the surgical biopsies were negative while 42% were positive (recurrent disease). 58% of PET scans were negative while 42% were positive. There was 1 false negative PET scans and 1 false positive scan. Overall the sensitivity of PET was 92.31%;while specificity was 94.44%. Positive predictive value of PET was 92.31%. PET scan was highly consistent with biopsy results (Kappa Co-efficient k=0.92). The single @entity1 with a negative biopsy following a positive PET scan was found to have wide spread metastatic disease. The single @entity1 with negative PET, but positive disease by biopsy had @entity3821 . CONCLUSIONS: PET imaging appears to be a reliable radiographic approach for the initial evaluation of suspicious breast lesions developing after BCT. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: 6FDG PET scan evaluation of suspicious breast lesions developing after breast conservation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. The ability of maturing @entity35 to excrete a @entity1372 load was studied by micropuncture and clearance procedures. 2. During control conditions, no change of glomerular filtration rate or @entity1372 excretion was observed for the time period of the entire procedure (P greater than 0-20). During the infusion of @entity4372 (4%) @entity2827 , fractional @entity1372 excretion was 0-08 +/- 0-01 in @entity35 21-30 days old and 0-14 +/- 0-01 (P less than 0-01) in adults. However, the @entity308 of proximal tubular water re-absorption was equal in both groups (P greater than 0-20). 3. Proximal glomerulotubular balance for water re-absorption was similar in all groups (P less than 0-20). Since end proximal tubular water excretion and @entity308 of fractional water excretion were the same in all animals, differences of urinary @entity1372 excretion during development are probably due to differences of function of segments beyond the proximal tubule during development. 4. Fractional @entity972 excretion was reduced in young @entity35 (0-17 +/- 0-04) during @entity4372 @entity2827 infusion, compared to adults (0-24 +/- 0-01, P less than 0-05). 5. Passage time of fast green through cortical segments in seconds is prolonged in young @entity35 during control conditions. Similar decreases of passage time were seen in all groups during @entity4372 @entity2827 infusion. No segmental differences of passage time were seen during developmental. 6. No difference in the relationship between fractional @entity1372 and water excretion was seen during development of the renal response to @entity4372 @entity2827 infusion. Thus, altered sensitivity to @entity2827 osmotic diuresis does not exist during maturation in @entity35 .

title: Maturation of the renal response to @entity4372 @entity2827 loading in XXXX : micropuncture and clearance studies.

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction and @entity65 are frequent in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to repair dysfunctional endothelium and have been related to increased @entity65 . OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that the number of circulating EPCs may be altered in @entity27 @entity1 . METHODS: EPCs ( @entity2280 + @entity7 -R2+) were isolated and quantified from peripheral blood samples of @entity27 @entity1 (n = 13) and healthy controls (n = 13) matched for age and sex. All subjects were free of any other known @entity65 factors. The plasma levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were also determined, and the endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vascular function was assessed in all subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity27 had lower levels of EPCs (p < 0.05) and higher plasma levels of @entity7 (p < 0.05) than controls. Endothelial function was not different between @entity27 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity27 free of any other known @entity65 factor show a reduced number of circulating EPCs and an increase in plasma @entity7 levels. These alterations may contribute to future @entity409 in these @entity1 .

title: Endothelial function and circulating endothelial progenitor cells in XXXX with sleep apnea syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although many reports have been published on the functional roles of periodontal ligament ( @entity8395 ) cells, the mechanisms involved in the maintenance and homeostasis of @entity8395 have not been determined. We investigated the effects of biomechanical force on growth factor production, phosphorylation of MAPKs, and intracellular transduction pathways for growth factor production in @entity1 periodontal ligament ( @entity8395 ) cells using MAPK inhibitors. @entity8395 cells were exposed to mechanical force (6  MPa) using a hydrostatic pressure apparatus. The levels of growth factor mRNA and protein were examined by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. The phosphorylation of MAPKs was measured using BD    CBA Flex Set. In addition, MAPKs inhibitors were used to identify specific signal transduction pathways. Application of biomechanical force (equivalent to occlusal force) increased the synthesis of @entity7 , @entity540 , and NGF. The application of biomechanical force increased the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK and @entity1435 , but not of @entity4675 . Furthermore, the levels of @entity7 and NGF expression were suppressed by ERK or @entity1435 inhibitor. The growth factors induced by biomechanical force may play a role in the mechanisms of homeostasis of @entity8395 .

title: Biomechanical force induces the growth factor production in XXXX periodontal ligament-derived cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']