abstract: CONTEXT: Decades of randomized controlled trials have produced separate evidence-based treatments for @entity308 , @entity148 , and conduct problems in youth, but these treatments are not often used in clinical practice, and they produce mixed results in trials with the comorbid, complex youths seen in practice. An integrative, modular redesign may help. OBJECTIVE: Standard/separate and modular/integrated arrangements of evidence-based treatments for @entity308 , @entity148 , and conduct problems in youth were compared with usual care treatment, with the modular design permitting a multidisorder focus and a flexible application of treatment procedures. DESIGN: Randomized effectiveness trial. SETTING: Ten outpatient clinical service organizations in Massachusetts and Hawaii. @entity1 : A total of 84 community clinicians were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions for the treatment of 174 clinically referred youths who were 7 to 13 years of age (70% of these youths were @entity1 , and 45% were white). The study was conducted during the period from January 12, 2005 to May 8, 2009. INTERVENTIONS: Standard manual treatment (59 youths [34% of the sample]; cognitive behavioral therapy for @entity308 , cognitive behavioral therapy for @entity148 , and behavioral parent training for conduct problems), modular treatment (62 youths [36%]; integrating the procedures of the 3 separate treatments), and usual care (53 youths [30%]). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outcomes were assessed using weekly youth and parent assessments. These assessments relied on a standardized Brief Problem Checklist and a @entity1 -generated Top Problems Assessment (ie, the severity ratings on the problems that the youths and parents had identified as most important). We also conducted a standardized diagnostic assessment before and after treatment. RESULTS: Mixed effects regression analyses showed that modular treatment produced significantly steeper trajectories of improvement than usual care and standard treatment on multiple Brief Problem Checklist and Top Problems Assessment measures. Youths receiving modular treatment also had significantly fewer diagnoses than youths receiving usual care after treatment. In contrast, outcomes of standard manual treatment did not differ significantly from outcomes of usual care. CONCLUSIONS: The modular approach outperformed usual care and standard evidence-based treatments on multiple clinical outcome measures. The modular approach may be a promising way to build on the strengths of evidence-based treatments, improving their utility and effectiveness with referred youths in clinical practice settings. Trial Registration   clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01178554.

title: Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating @entity308 , XXXX , and conduct problems in youth: a randomized effectiveness trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and factors influencing @entity79 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) under good or moderate control were examined to assess management of @entity170 in @entity309 . @entity79 of the lumbar spine, femur, and distal radius was measured in 105 female @entity1 with well-controlled @entity309 . Laboratory and clinical variables associated with disease activity were measured in the same subjects, and correlations between these variables and @entity79 were evaluated. The @entity309 @entity1 showed a greater decrease in @entity79 than of the lumbar spine. Age, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, and @entity16 score had negative correlations with @entity79 . In multiple regression analysis of the parameters associated with @entity79 in simple regression analysis, an increase in HAQ score showed a negative correlation with @entity79 . After initiation of treatment with @entity561 ( @entity16292 ), @entity79 increased and correlated with improvement in HAQ score. A decrease in @entity79 is a characteristic of @entity309 . This suggests that muscle tonus has more effect than weight-bearing activity on @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity309 . @entity79 is a useful index for general evaluation of @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Preferential reduction of bone mineral density at the femur reflects impairment of physical activity in XXXX with low-activity @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Larsen damage']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD of the femoral neck', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased T2 relaxation times in the ipsilateral hippocampus are present in @entity1 with @entity131 . Visual assessment of T2-weighted images of these @entity1 suggests increased signal intensity in the anterior temporal lobe as well. Our aim was to assess hippocampal and anterior temporal T2 relaxation times in @entity1 with @entity302 by using a new T2-relaxometry sequence implemented by using a 3-T General Electric imaging unit. METHODS: Coronal view T2 maps were generated by using an eight-echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill sequence (TE, 28-231) with an acquisition time of 7 min on a 3-T General Electric Signa Horizon LX imaging unit. T2 relaxation times were measured in the hippocampus and anterior temporal lobe of 30 healthy control volunteers and 20 @entity1 with @entity302 . RESULTS: For the 30 control volunteers, the mean hippocampal T2 relaxation time was 98 +/- 2.8 ms. In all measured areas, the asymmetry index was small (<0.01). For the 15 @entity1 with independent evidence of @entity131 established by visual, volumetric, and, when available, pathologic criteria, mean hippocampal T2 relaxation times were 118 +/- 7 ms (P <.0001) on the ipsilateral side and 101 +/- 4 ms (P =.005) on the contralateral side. The T2 values were also increased in the anterior temporal lobe (ipsilateral: 82 +/- 6 ms, P <.0001; contralateral: 79 +/- 6 ms, P =.01) as compared with the values for the control volunteers (75 +/- 3 ms). The five @entity1 with focal cortical @entity1141 had hippocampal T2 relaxation times that were not different from control values. CONCLUSION: T2 relaxometry at 3 T is feasible and useful and confirmed marked ipsilateral hippocampal signal intensity increase in @entity1 with @entity131 . Importantly, definite signal intensity change was also present in the anterior temporal lobe. T2 relaxometry is a sensitive means of identifying abnormalities in the hippocampus and other brain structures.

title: Increased anterior temporal lobe T2 times in cases of XXXX : a multi-echo T2 relaxometry study at 3 T.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']


abstract: A consecutive series of 24 cases of @entity189 of the liver in Malawi has been investigated. Histologically, all were @entity157 ( @entity157 ). All @entity1 were African Bantus, the average age was 42.7, and the sex ratio was @entity1 3.5: @entity1 1. The duration of symptoms attributable to @entity157 was about 5 months previous to admission to hospital and was in no case preceded by clinically manifest @entity82 . The clinical picture was rather uniform with @entity158 in the region of the liver, emaciation and nodular @entity382 as the most important features. One of the @entity1 had repeated attacks of @entity772 . Sera from 11 out of 13 @entity1 contained alpha-feto-protein. @entity99 -associated antigen and antibody in the serum were found in 7 and 6 out of 16 and 14 cases respectively. Serum B12 and serum unsaturated B12 binding capacity were moderately raised in most @entity1 . The prognosis was poor, the average time of survival was 4.8 weeks after admission. The cause of @entity204 was most frequently @entity5693 . @entity157 in the African Bantu shows some different features from the same disease in the Western Hemisphere: The incidence is much higher; the @entity1 are younger. The @entity5 commonly develops in a clinically latent @entity82 . The latter is not caused by @entity167 , but is presumably a sequel of @entity99 . It is possible that @entity11189 is the carcinogenic factor, acting more readily in a cirrhotic than in a normal liver.

title: XXXX of the liver in Malawi: a review of 24 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5693 :: ('MESH:D006501', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic coma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycaemic coma']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity11189 :: ('MESH:D000348', 'Chemical') :: ['aflatoxin']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis', 'hepatitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Primary carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is an @entity66 process. Bacteria play a role in some @entity1 , by infection or stimulation of @entity32 . @entity794 (SA) appears to be implicated in a number of @entity166 and inflammatory mechanisms, and may be particularly relevant in @entity102 @entity1 with @entity480 and @entity565 . METHODS: Middle meatus swabs from control and @entity102 @entity1 collected during endoscopic sinus surgery were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR). Total bacterial count, SA prevalence, and SA abundance were examined with respect to @entity1 demographics and disease characteristics. RESULTS: Total bacteria, as measured by QPCR, was not statistically different between controls, @entity102 without @entity480 (CRSsNP), @entity102 with @entity480 (CRSwNP), or @entity102 with @entity565 groups (p < 0.09). Total bacterial counts did not correlate with disease severity as measured by Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores (p = 0.65). The prevalence of SA was similar between groups (15-25%); however, the abundance increased in @entity102 @entity1 with @entity2023 , @entity480 , and @entity565 . CONCLUSION: The paranasal sinuses are not sterile. SA is implicated in a subset of @entity102 @entity1 with @entity34945 . Further study is required to predict this subset of @entity1 , and to define the mechanisms of SA pathogenesis.

title: Prevalence and abundance of @entity794 in the middle meatus of @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis, XXXX , and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['idiosyncratic and multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity34945 :: ('MESH:C565739', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps and/or asthma']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: Unstable @entity731 are characterized by a thin fibrous cap that contains few smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and numerous foam cells of macrophage origin. Previously we and others demonstrated that macrophages disappear from @entity731 after dietary lipid lowering. However, it remains unclear whether loss of macrophages after lipid lowering occurs via increased apoptosis, decreased macrophage replication and/or recruitment, or via a combination of both. @entity95 were fed a diet supplemented with @entity165 (0.3%) for 24 weeks followed by a normal diet for 4, 12, or 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of @entity165 supplement, plaques showed apoptosis in both macrophages and SMCs, as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick-end labeling. Cell replication (Ki-67 immunolabeling) was predominantly present in macrophages. After 24 weeks of @entity165 withdrawal, the thickness and areas of the plaques were unchanged. Nevertheless, plaques showed a considerable loss of macrophages. This event was associated with a reduced immunoreactivity for @entity12048 ( @entity12048 ) in the endothelial cells starting 4 weeks after @entity165 withdrawal. Apoptosis did not increase after lipid lowering but showed a steady decline. Apart from decreased @entity12048 expression, a strong decrease in Ki-67 immunolabeling was observed after 12 weeks of @entity165 withdrawal. Our findings suggest that loss of macrophages in @entity731 after dietary lipid lowering is not related to induction of macrophage apoptosis but mainly a consequence of impaired monocyte recruitment followed by decreased macrophage replication. This information is essential for understanding the effects of aggressive lipid lowering on plaque stability.

title: Apoptosis does not mediate macrophage depletion in XXXX @entity731 after dietary lipid lowering.

entities_list: @entity12048 :: ('100008901(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Multiple outcome measures are often used in clinical research and practice. However, the use of multiple measures inflates the probability of a type I error. In this paper, we used factor analysis techniques to reduce multiple outcome measures to a lesser number of orthogonal dimensions. The data were obtained from 119 @entity1 with @entity1030 . Each @entity1 had measurements made of 28 variables, including multiple parameters of pulmonary function, exercise tolerance and gas exchange. Factor analysis using a maximum likelihood iterative solution was performed. The factors were then rotated to a varimax solution. The analysis yielded four meaningful factors: exercise tolerance, disease severity, lung volumes and flow rates. Exercise tolerance and disease severity were the most important factors accounting, respectively, for 44 and 13% of the common variance. For further analyses, these composite factors could be used or a representative clinical measure from each factor might be chosen. We conclude that many physiologic measures provide highly correlated information about @entity1030 @entity1 . Factor analysis may help reduce these measures into a smaller number of reliable composites.

title: Use of factor analysis to consolidate multiple outcome measures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Herein is reported a case of @entity3558 -producing @entity1086 in a 55-year-old Japanese @entity1 . Although the @entity1 's status and laboratory data initially suggested @entity788 due to @entity5990 , radiography and endoscopy confirmed the presence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction and a @entity1086 with excessive @entity3558 , in which the duodenal papilla and the common bile duct were impacted. Following surgery, the @entity1086 was histopathologically diagnosed as a mixed @entity8703 . The @entity189 predominantly consisted of papillary, but also contained some tubular adenocarcinomatous components. Additionally, small foci of small cell and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomatous components were observed. There was no evidence of lymph node @entity3 , distant @entity3 , or direct invasion outside the gallbladder. Thus, the final classification of pT2N0M0 stage II was given to this lesion, according to the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer guidelines. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity189 had not recurred in the absence of chemoradiotherapy for a period of 20 months. @entity3558 -producing @entity1086 is a rare clinical condition that can occur in @entity1 with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Detailed investigation of this condition is important to develop and refine effective therapeutic strategies.

title: XXXX -producing gallbladder adenocarcinoma with focal small cell and large cell neuroendocrine differentiation associated with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['biliary pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine-exocrine carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder tumor', 'carcinoma of the gallbladder', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['Mucin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity715 and transplant @entity453 are among the main causes of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation. A thrombophilic state has been described in transplant recipients, and correlated to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 or @entity500 , whereas the prothrombotic effects of @entity230 , even though always given, have never been duly considered. A reduced fibrinolytic capacity due to high levels of @entity2289 , the most important inhibitor of plasminogen activators, was suggested to play a role in the development of @entity65 and transplant @entity453 . A severe hypofibrinolytic state secondary to @entity2289 increase has been found in @entity1 with @entity699 , and in @entity6392 secondary to long-term @entity134 treatment after renal transplantation. METHODS: We evaluated plasma clotting and fibrinolytic behaviors in 2 groups of heart transplant @entity1 treated with (26 cases) or without (23 cases) @entity230 together with @entity205 and @entity500 . Twenty-five healthy subjects were studied as normal controls. The following tests were assayed at least 1 year after transplantation: @entity2002 , factor VIII coagulant activity, @entity2880 factor antigen, euglobulin lysis time, @entity1456 antigen and activity, @entity2289 antigen and activity. In addition, the presence of cardiac microthrombi was evaluated on 2 endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained in each @entity1 both on day 7 after heart transplantation (first control) and usually 1 year or more later (last control). RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity2002 , factor VIII and @entity2880 factor were significantly higher in both groups of @entity1 than in normal controls. Fibrinolytic activity was significantly reduced in transplant @entity1 treated with @entity230 , compared with @entity134 -free @entity1 and normal controls. In @entity134 -treated heart transplant recipients, the hypofibrinolytic state was due to a significant and pathological increase in @entity2289 antigen and activity levels. The @entity73 was more evident in @entity1 transplanted for @entity741 and treated with @entity230 than in @entity1 with previous @entity384 and treated either with or without @entity230 . Myocardial microthrombi were found in 2/49 cases at the first biopsy control, and in 12/49 cases at the last biopsy control after transplantation. This different prevalence was statistically significant (chi2 = 8.33, p = .003). Plasma @entity2289 activity was significantly higher and, as a consequence, euglobulin lysis time was more prolonged in microthrombi-positive @entity1 than in microthrombi-negative ones. Among the 12 transplant recipients who developed cardiac microthrombi, 7 @entity1 were treated with @entity230 and showed higher @entity2289 levels and more reduced fibrinolytic activity than the 5 @entity134 -free @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the prothrombotic state induced by long-term @entity134 treatment, characterized by an increase in @entity2289 levels and secondary impairment of fibrinolytic capacity. In heart transplant @entity1 , @entity134 -related hypofibrinolysis might constitute a further risk factor for transplant @entity453 .

title: Relation between long-term XXXX treatment after heart transplantation, hypofibrinolysis and myocardial microthrombi generation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['fibrinolytic impairment']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity6392 :: ('MESH:D000308', 'Disease') :: ['hypercorticism']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonelective colorectal surgery is associated with substantial @entity1 morbidity and mortality. This study sought to describe the practice of emergency colorectal surgery in the United Kingdom during an 11-year period using the @entity580 ( @entity580 ) database. STUDY DESIGN: All nonelective admissions in @entity1 undergoing 1 of 8 colorectal resectional procedures between 1996 and 2007 were included. Time trends, univariate, and multivariate mortality and length of stay outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 102,236 major urgent/emergency procedures were performed in English National Health Service Trusts between April 1996 and March 2007. Thirty-day in-hospital postoperative mortality rates in @entity1 with @entity14 and @entity66 were 13.3% and 15.4%, respectively. The corresponding 1-year postoperative mortality was 34.7% and 22.6%. On multivariate analysis, benign diagnosis, advanced age, high comorbidity score, social deprivation, and specific procedure types were independent predictors of early and 1-year postoperative mortality (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors for extended hospital stay were advanced age, social deprivation, distal (compared with proximal) bowel resection, and a diagnosis of @entity31 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity580 data suggest that in everyday practice, postoperative mortality among @entity1 undergoing nonelective admission followed by colorectal resection is high. Additional investigation is required to assess the reliability of @entity580 data for monitoring institutional variation in this context.

title: Nonelective excisional colorectal surgery in English National Health Service Trusts: a study of outcomes from XXXX Data between 1996 and 2007.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['HES', 'Hospital Episode Statistics']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['Hospital Episode Statistics']


abstract: CONTEXT: Limited data are available on the contagiousness of vaccinated varicella cases. OBJECTIVES: To describe secondary attack rates within households according to disease history and vaccination status of the primary case and household contacts and to estimate varicella vaccine effectiveness. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Population-based, active varicella surveillance project in a community of approximately 320,000 in Los Angeles County, California, during 1997 and 2001. @entity992 cases were reported by @entity1 care centers, private and public schools, and health care clinicians and were investigated to collect demographic, clinical, medical, and vaccination data. Information on household contacts' age, varicella history, and vaccination status was collected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity992 secondary attack rate among household contacts; vaccine effectiveness using secondary attack rates in unvaccinated and vaccinated @entity1 and adolescents. RESULTS: A total of 6316 varicella cases were reported. Among @entity1 and adolescents aged 1 to 14 years, secondary attack rates varied according to age and by disease and vaccination status of the primary case and exposed household contacts. Among contacts aged 1 to 14 years exposed to unvaccinated cases, the secondary attack rate was 71.5% if they were unvaccinated and 15.1% if they were vaccinated (risk ratio [RR], 0.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15-0.30). Overall, vaccinated cases were half as contagious as unvaccinated cases. However, vaccinated cases with 50 lesions or more were similarly contagious as unvaccinated cases whereas those with fewer than 50 lesions were only one third as contagious (secondary attack rate, 23.4%; RR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.19-0.53]). Vaccine effectiveness for prevention of all disease was 78.9% (95% CI, 69.7%-85.3%); moderate disease, 92% (50-500 lesions) and 100% (clinician visit); and severe disease, 100%. CONCLUSIONS: Under conditions of intense exposure, varicella vaccine was highly effective in preventing moderate and severe disease and about 80% effective in preventing all disease. Breakthrough varicella cases in household settings were half as contagious as unvaccinated @entity1 with varicella, although contagiousness varied with numbers of lesions.

title: XXXX in vaccinated cases: a household contact study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['Varicella']

answer: @entity992 :: (MESH:D002644,Disease) :: ['Contagiousness of varicella']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of @entity2080 after thyroidectomy has been reported between 1.3% and 7%. We hypothesised that a flapless thyroidectomy technique would reduce the incidence of @entity2080 . DESIGN: Observational case-control study with comparison between retrospective cohort of @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy with raising of conventional skin flaps and prospective cohort undergoing flapless surgery. SETTING: Academic Teaching Hospital. @entity1 : Hundred and seventy-five consecutive @entity1 undergoing thyroidectomy performed by a single surgeon. After the first 85 cases, a change in practice took place, from raising of conventional skin flaps to performing flapless surgery wherever feasible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of @entity86 , defined as central neck swelling in postoperative period, confirmed by aspiration of serous fluid, and other complications. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 who underwent concomitant lateral (jugular) neck dissection were excluded. Among the remaining 167 @entity1 , there were @entity2080 (5%). Following the change in practice to flapless surgery, there was a significant reduction in the incidence of @entity2080 (P = 0.025). There was no significant difference in other complications (haematoma; recurrent @entity13587 ; and hypocalcaemia). Among the entire group, the association between @entity2080 and flapless surgery tended towards significance (P = 0.07). Other variables studied, including use of drain and concomitant central compartment neck dissection, had no effect on @entity2080 . CONCLUSION: Flapless technique for thyroid surgery may reduce the incidence of @entity86 .

title: Comparison of incidence of XXXX between flapless and conventional techniques for thyroidectomy: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['seroma', 'eight seromas']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative seroma']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative seroma']


abstract: Overfeeding @entity1386 (HF) meals results in both short-term and long-term effects that vary depending upon adiposity status ( @entity28 ) and family history of type 2 @entity6 . Although more than 4 weeks of overeating produces mild @entity2690 resistance, whether the same is true of a single, HF meal is not clear. We reviewed overfeeding studies of 4-8 weeks duration, studies of single HF meals and our own (unpublished) plasma @entity2690 and glucose concentration data from 59 nonobese and 15 overweight/obese volunteers who consumed either a normal-fat (NF) breakfast or a breakfast matched for @entity1735 and protein, but with an additional 80 g of monounsaturated fat (HF). Four to eight weeks of overfeeding a HF diet causes an    10% reduction in @entity2690 sensitivity. Some authors report that a single HF meal is associated with greater postprandial @entity2690 concentrations, whereas other investigators have not confirmed such a response. We found that plasma glucose concentrations peaked later following a HF breakfast than a NF breakfast in both obese and nonobese adults and that daytime plasma @entity2690 concentrations were not uniformly increased following a HF breakfast. We conclude that a single HF meal delays the postprandial peak in glucose concentrations, likely due to delayed gastric emptying. This will confound attempts to use insulinemia as a marker of @entity2690 resistance. After 4-8 weeks of overeating a HF diet accompanied by 2-4 kg of fat gain, @entity2690 sensitivity decreases by    10%. Although we could not demonstrate that baseline @entity2690 resistance predicts visceral fat gain with overfeeding, normal-weight relatives of type 2 diabetes mellitus do tend to gain more weight and become more @entity2690 resistant than those without a positive family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In summary, short-term weight gain from HF diets induces relatively mild metabolic disorders.

title: Clinical effects of XXXX meals and weight gain due to @entity1386 feeding.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese vs nonobese']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['high-fat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet irradiation is able to deeply penetrate into the dermis and alter fibroblast structure and function, leading to a degradation of the dermal extracellular matrix. OBJECTIVES: The regenerative effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on skin ageing was investigated using UVB photo-stressed @entity1 dermal fibroblasts as an in vitro culture model. METHOD: PRGF was assessed over the main indicative features of ultraviolet B irradiation, including ROS formation, cell viability and death detection, apoptosis/ @entity39 analysis and biosynthetic activity measurement. Four different UV irradiation protocols were tested in order to analyze the beneficial effects of PRGF. RESULTS: Ultraviolet irradiation exhibited a dose dependent @entity137 and dose of 400mJ/cm2 was selected for subsequent experiments. PRGF increased the cell viability and decreased the cell death comparing to the non-treated group. The apoptosis and @entity39 were significantly lower in PRGF treated fibroblasts. ROS production after UV irradiation was significantly reduced in the presence of PRGF. Procollagen type I, @entity4023 and @entity2843 levels were higher in the when treated with PRGF. CONCLUSION: This preliminary in vitro study suggests that PRGF is able to prevent UVB derived photo-oxidative stress and to diminish the cell damage caused by ultraviolet irradiation.

title: Plasma Rich in Growth Factors Inhibits Ultraviolet B Induced Photoageing of the Skin in XXXX Dermal Fibroblast Culture.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of @entity5 , @entity0 , and @entity5860 ( @entity5860 ) among @entity1 living in a county of China, identify these @entity1 's recognition about these three diseases and their attitude toward the screening, and evaluate the feasibility of the packaging screening program in rural areas in China. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity1 aged 30-59 living in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, were surveyed by questionnaires and screened with visual inspection of cervix, breast clinic examination, and combined clinical examination and laboratory tests for @entity5860 . RESULTS: Totally 630 @entity1 underwent interviews and packaging screening. The prevalences of cervical @entity1613 , breast benign disease, and @entity5860 were 0.2%, 14.0%, and 53.2%, respectively. No @entity5 case was found. The percentages of @entity1 knowing @entity5 , @entity0 , and @entity5860 as @entity66 in @entity1 were 70.5%, 63.5%, and 52.9% after health education. Up to 92.5% of @entity1 preferred packaging screening to screening for single disease; however, they were not willing to pay the screening at current high cost. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of breast benign disease and @entity5860 are relatively high among @entity1 in rural areas in China. The @entity1 's recognition about these three diseases is moderately good. The packaging screening program is well accepted and feasible in rural areas.

title: [Feasibility of packaging screening for XXXX , @entity0 , and @entity5860 in a rural area in China].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['common diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['reproductive tract infection', 'RTI']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Area @entity1400 receives two extrinsic excitatory inputs, the @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ), and the perforant path (PP). Interneurons with somata in str. lacunosum moleculare (L-M) of @entity1400 modulate the influence of the @entity28802 and PP on pyramidal cell activity by providing strong feed-forward inhibitory influence to pyramidal cells. Here we report that L-M interneurons receive two separate @entity28802 inputs, one to the dorsal dendrites from the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus ( @entity28802 (SDG)), and a second to ventral dendrites from the str. lucidum ( @entity28802 (SL)). Responses elicited from @entity28802 (SDG) and @entity28802 (SL) stimulation sites have strong paired-pulse facilitation, similar DCG-IV sensitivity, amplitude, and decay kinetics but target spatially segregated domains on the interneuron dendrites. These data demonstrate that certain interneuron subtypes are entrained by two convergent @entity28802 inputs to spatially separated regions of the dendritic tree. This anatomical arrangement could make these interneurons considerably more responsive to the excitatory drive from dentate granule cells. Furthermore, temporal summation is linear or slightly sublinear between PP and @entity28802 (SL) but supralinear between PP and @entity28802 (SDG). This specific boosting of the excitatory drive to interneurons from the SDG location may indicate that L-M interneurons could be specifically involved in the processing of the associational component of the recognition memory.

title: Area XXXX interneurons receive two spatially segregated mossy fiber inputs.

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['mossy fibers', 'MF']

answer: @entity1400 :: (761,Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: Many organisms have a mechanism for down regulating the expression of non-synapsed chromosomes and chromosomal regions during meiosis. This phenomenon is thought to function in genome defense. During early meiosis in @entity2199 , unpaired chromosomes (e.g., the male X chromosome) become enriched for a modification associated with heterochromatin and transcriptional repression, dimethylation of histone H3 on @entity376 9 (H3K9me2). This enrichment requires activity of the cellular RNA-directed RNA polymerase, @entity29092 . Here we use genetic mutation, RNA interference, immunofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and molecular cloning methods to identify and analyze three additional regulators of meiotic H3K9me2 distribution: @entity29093 (a Piwi/PAZ/Argonaute protein), @entity29094 (a Tudor domain protein), and @entity29095 (a DEAH/D-box helicase). In @entity29093 , @entity29094 , and @entity29095 mutant males, we observed a reduction in H3K9me2 accumulation on the unpaired X chromosome and an increase in H3K9me2 accumulation on paired autosomes relative to controls. We observed a similar shift in H3K9me2 pattern in hermaphrodites that carry unpaired chromosomes. Based on several assays, we conclude that ectopic H3K9me2 accumulates on paired and synapsed chromosomes in these mutants. We propose alternative models for how a small RNA-mediated pathway may regulate H3K9me2 accumulation during meiosis. We also describe the germline phenotypes of @entity29093 , @entity29094 , and @entity29095 mutants. Our genetic data suggest that these factors, together with @entity29092 , participate in a regulatory network to promote diverse aspects of development.

title: Regulation of heterochromatin assembly on unpaired chromosomes during XXXX meiosis by components of a small RNA-mediated pathway.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The use of preparations such as imiquimod in the treatment of @entity1491 is well accepted. Imiquimod induces interferon-alpha, other cytokines, antigen-presenting cells and innate immunity, against @entity5 cells. The current study investigated whether the @entity32 induced from a surgical procedure could have a similar effect on removing @entity5 after an excision. METHOD: A retrospective audit was carried out on @entity1491 removed in the Dermatology Clinic of the Royal Newcastle Centre in 2007. The end-point focussed on the features of those @entity5 which initially had a positive margin, but were found to have no remaining @entity5 on subsequent excision. RESULT: A linear regression was carried out, revealing two significant predictors of outcome. These were the location of the @entity1491 excision and the excision type. Punch biopsies and excisional biopsy had a greater number of histopathologically negative wider excisions despite initial positive margins. @entity922 had a greater number of negative wider excisions. CONCLUSION: The study has shown the majority of negative re-excisions were from lesions on the head which had had an initial surgical procedure. However, the evidence is not strong enough to advocate a protocol for dealing with positive margins. A larger sample size that encompassed all three factors that affect outcome, that is, the location of lesion, type of lesion and type of excision carried out, would be required in order to make a more definitive statement on protocol change for treatment of @entity1491 .

title: Effect of @entity32 on positive margins of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Facial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinomas']


abstract: We collected the respiratory mucus coating the endotracheal tubes used during short surgical procedures in 27 @entity1 with no clinical evidence of @entity1576 . Twelve were male and 15 were female, and they ranged from 1 to 64 yr of age (mean, 28.7 yr). The viscoelastic properties, frog palate transport rate, and percent solid composition were in the normal range reported for both @entity235 and @entity1 mucus collected using the bronchoscopy brush technique. There were no significant differences noted between male and female @entity1 , and there were no changes in mucus or transport properties seen with aging. Mucus was also collected separately from the inside of the tube exposed to constant gas flow (13 @entity1 ), and from the outside of the endotracheal tubes in 25 @entity1 . Although there were no significant differences in viscoelastic properties between inside and outside mucus, there was a greater thread formation (filance, 45 versus 26 mm; p less than 0.005) and a higher percentage of solids in mucus from the inside of the endotracheal tube (15.9 versus 11.4%; p less than 0.05), which is compatible with reduced hydration. The duration of anesthesia ranged from 25 to 195 min (mean, 85 min). There was no effect of duration of anesthesia on any of the measured mucus properties. This technique for mucus collection allows us to study alterations in mucus properties in @entity1 with and without @entity358 at the time of incidental surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Collection and analysis of respiratory mucus from subjects without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: The primary cilium is a non-motile microtubule-based structure that shares many similarities with the @entity2383 and motile cilia. It is well known that the length of flagella is under stringent control, but it is not known whether this is true for primary cilia. In this study, we found that the length of primary cilia in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, either in log phase culture or in quiescent state, was confined within a range. However, when @entity1091 was added to the culture to a final concentration of 100 mM, primary cilia of synoviocytes grew beyond this range, elongating to a length that was on average approximately 3 times the length of untreated cilia. @entity1091 is a drug approved for treating @entity162 . We dissected the molecular targets of this drug, and observed that inhibition of @entity1920 cyclase III (ACIII) by specific inhibitors mimicked the effects of @entity1091 on primary cilium elongation. Inhibition of @entity9459 by four different inhibitors did not induce primary cilia elongation. ACIII was found in primary cilia of a variety of cell types, and @entity1091 treatment of these cell types led to their cilium elongation. Further, we demonstrate that different cell types displayed distinct sensitivities to the @entity1091 treatment. However, in all cases examined primary cilia elongated as a result of @entity1091 treatment. In particular, two neuronal cell types, @entity35 PC-12 adrenal medulla cells and @entity1 astrocytes, developed long primary cilia when @entity1091 was used at or close to the therapeutic relevant concentration (1-2 mM). These results suggest that the length of primary cilia is controlled, at least in part, by the ACIII-cAMP signaling pathway.

title: @entity1920 cyclase regulates elongation of XXXX primary cilia.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structures of flagella']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) risk persists for several weeks following @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). The ETHOS registry evaluated post-operative @entity1211 prophylaxis prescribed, and actual @entity1211 prophylaxis received, compared with the 2004 American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines in @entity2101 @entity1 . We performed a subanalysis of ETHOS to assess @entity1 compliance with ACCP-adherent prophylaxis after discharge and the factors predicting poor compliance. Consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity173 surgery, total hip arthroplasty, or knee arthroplasty were enrolled at discharge from 161 centres in 17 European countries if they had received adequate in-hospital @entity1211 prophylaxis. Data on prescribed and actual prophylaxis received were obtained from hospital charts and @entity1 post-discharge diaries. Good compliance was defined as percentage treatment intake >= 80% with no more than two consecutive days without treatment. A total of 3,484 @entity1 (79.4%) received ACCP-adherent anticoagulant prescription at discharge and 2,999 (86.0%) had an evaluable @entity1 diary. In total, 87.7% of evaluable @entity1 were compliant with prescribed treatment after discharge. The most common reason for non-compliance (33.4%) was "drug was not bought". Injection of treatment was not a barrier to good compliance. Main factors affecting compliance related to purchase of and access to treatment, @entity1 education, the @entity1 responsible for administering injections, country, and type of hospital ward at discharge. Within our study population, @entity1 compliance with ACCP-adherent thromboprophylaxis prescribed at discharge was good. Improvements in @entity1 education and prescribing practices at discharge may be important in further raising compliance levels in @entity2101 @entity1 .

title: Post-discharge compliance to @entity1211 prophylaxis in XXXX : results from the ETHOS registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HROS', 'high-risk orthopaedic surgery']

answer: @entity2101 :: (MESH:C538394,Disease) :: ['high-risk orthopaedic surgery']


abstract: Assisted reproduction may be associated with repeated occasions of surgical intervention. @entity1875 , which is frequently used for induction of anaesthesia in such procedures, has been suspected of damaging oocytes. We compared in a randomized prospective design the use of general anaesthesia with @entity3575 0.017 mg/kg, @entity1875 2.5 mg/kg and @entity5161 to that of sedation with @entity1363 0.06 mg/kg and @entity3652 0.75 mg/kg for transvaginal oocyte retrieval in 50 @entity1 with no premedication. Overall, @entity1 satisfaction was not different between the groups. Sedated @entity1 were more arousable than anaesthetized @entity1 during the procedure and experienced less postoperative @entity490 at 30 min. Despite some movement in response to @entity158 , oocyte retrieval was conveniently feasible in all sedated @entity1 , of which none required a switch to general anaesthesia. A comparable number of oocytes was retrieved per cycle, 10.8 (+/-7.8) versus 9.6 (+/-10.9) with sedation and anaesthesia respectively. No @entity1 recalled any @entity158 sensation during the procedure. The rate of embryo transfers and pregnancies were not different between the two groups. We conclude that the sedative combination of @entity1363 and @entity3652 for oocyte retrieval may serve as an alternative for general anaesthesia.

title: XXXX / @entity3652 sedative combination compared with @entity3575 / @entity1875 / @entity5161 anaesthesia for oocyte retrieval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['Midazolam']


abstract: Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that populate chromosomes, where the host largely controls their activities. In plants and mammals, retrotransposons are transcriptionally silenced by DNA methylation, which in @entity958 is propagated at CG dinucleotides by @entity28185 ( @entity28185 ). In @entity28185 mutants, however, mobilization of retrotransposons is not observed, despite their transcriptional activation. A post-transcriptional mechanism therefore seems to be preventing retrotransposition. Here we show that a copia-type retrotransposon (Evad  , French for 'fugitive') evaded suppression of its movement during inbreeding of hybrid epigenomes consisting of @entity28185 - and wild-type-derived chromosomes. Evad   (EVD) reinsertions caused a series of developmental mutations that allowed its identification. Genetic testing of host control of the EVD life cycle showed that transcriptional suppression occurred by CG methylation supported by RNA-directed DNA methylation. On transcriptional reactivation, subsequent steps of the EVD cycle were inhibited by plant-specific RNA polymerase IV/V and the histone methyltransferase @entity15351 (KYP). Moreover, genome resequencing demonstrated retrotransposition of EVD but no other potentially active retroelements when this combination of epigenetic mechanisms was compromised. Our results demonstrate that epigenetic control of retrotransposons extends beyond transcriptional suppression and can be individualized for particular elements.

title: Selective epigenetic control of retrotransposition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Psychotropic medication use and its relationship to @entity2438 spectrum core features were examined in a well-characterized but nonstratified North American sample (N = 1605) of @entity1 /adolescents diagnosed with @entity72 utilizing the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, from the multisite Simons Simplex Collection. Analyses included (a) prevalence of psychotropic use (overall, and by classes), (b) correlations between prevalence of use and @entity2438 spectrum core features, age, and cognitive functioning, and (c) logistic regression to identify whether these factors were predictive of psychotropic use. Results indicated 41.7% ever used one or more classes of psychotropic medications, with attention @entity71 medications used most. Small but significant correlations between psychotropic medication use and (a) social impairment (p < .001) and (b) @entity146 (p < .001) were found. Overall, however, @entity72 core features are weakly related to medication use. Older @entity1 used more psychotropics (p < .001), and higher cognitive functioning was associated with less overall psychotropic use (p < .001). Logistic regression indicated that use of psychotropics was predicted by @entity146 (both clinician-observed and parent-reported), age, and cognitive ability level. Limitations inherent to the Simons Simplex Collection sample, methodology, and the correlational analyses are discussed. Directions for future research include investigation of factors more influential than core symptoms on psychotropic treatment (e.g. parent perceptions, comorbid symptoms).

title: Psychotropic medication use among @entity1 with @entity72 within the Simons Simplex Collection: are core features of XXXX related?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ) is an IgE-dependent @entity56 which, despite enormous progress in knowledge, remains a 'non-diagnosed' nosologic unit in contemporary medicine. @entity272 , with a chronic and recurring course, are analogous with the clinical picture in @entity3408 ( @entity3408 ) and @entity9759 ( @entity9759 ); skin patch tests, however, are usually negative. This makes the diagnostics difficult, prevents a correct diagnosis and treatment based on the avoidance of allergen. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old @entity1 presented with erythemato-squamous @entity272 , accompanied by a strong itching, occurring on hands for about 6 months. The @entity1 attributed the occurrence of @entity272 to household chores, above all - cooking and contact with food. The contact @entity566 was not confirmed. Positive results of the prick-by-prick test were observed for @entity415 . Based on the above results, contact @entity484 induced by @entity415 protein was diagnosed. Allergen elimination and use of emolients were prescribed. A complete remission of @entity272 was obtained. DISCUSSION: @entity5526 is rarely diagnosed, which is why there is no substantial epidemiologic data. It is estimated that about 50% of cases are related to @entity402 . This occurs more often in @entity1 with a damaged dermal-epidermal barrier. Most often, the same products eaten by subjects do not produce any effects. A correct assessment of the substance provoking the occurrence of @entity272 is very important, as most often the products concerned are those commonly used in the household. A detailed @entity5526 diagnostics is very important for obtaining the optimal treatment results.

title: XXXX caused by contact with @entity415 protein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9759 :: ('MESH:D017453', 'Disease') :: ['irritant contact dermatitis', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Protein contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'Skin lesion']

answer: @entity5526 :: (MESH:D003877,Disease) :: ['Contact eczema of hands']


abstract: To examine the hypothesis that caloric intake in mid-life is associated with later @entity303 or @entity73 ( @entity73 ). A prospective cohort study was conducted in Caerphilly, South Wales, United Kingdom. @entity1 aged 45-59 years were identified from the electoral roll and general practice. 2,512 @entity1 were examined between July 1979 until September 1983. Four follow-up examinations were conducted every 4-5 years until 2004. @entity1 were categorized on the basis of their average daily caloric intake over each of the first three phases. Outcomes were @entity73 and @entity303 ascertained at phase five (2004). 192 @entity1 (15% of 1,248 @entity1 at phase five) had @entity73 and 100 (8%) @entity303 . Age adjusted odds ratios demonstrated strongest associations between average energy consumption and vascular @entity73 or @entity303 (OR 1.62 95% CI 1.25-2.10). Adjustment for nutritional factors, @entity455 , @entity6 , smoking, BP and BMI if anything increased the association (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.03-2.60). After adjusting for social class, associations were attenuated and consistent with chance (OR 1.48, 95% CI 0.92-2.38). When adjusted for social class, the previously observed association between caloric intake and cognitive outcomes is modest, consistent with chance, and may be due to residual confounding.

title: High caloric intake, poor cognition and XXXX : the Caerphilly Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment not dementia', 'CIND']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: SYNOPSIS: Reports that elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) may have a low incidence of disease have stimulated interest in understanding the role of their immune system in this apparent resistance. Although research in this area may potentially translate into applications for @entity1 health, a basic understanding of the elasmobranch immune system components and how they function is essential. As in higher vertebrates, elasmobranch fishes possess thymus and spleen, but in the absence of bone marrow and lymph nodes, these fish have evolved unique lymphomyeloid tissues, namely epigonal and Leydig organs. As conditions for short-term culture of elasmobranch immune cells have become better understood, the opportunity to examine functional activity of cytokine-like factors derived from conditioned culture medium has resulted in the identification of growth inhibitory activity against a variety of @entity5 cell lines. Specifically, the medium enriched by short term culture of bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo) epigonal cells (epigonal conditioned medium, @entity14315 ) has been shown to inhibit the growth of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, including @entity1492 (WEHI-164), @entity320 ( @entity1 ), @entity1892 (Daudi), @entity1619 (Jurkat), @entity788 (PANC-1), @entity43 ( @entity1 ), and three @entity0 cell lines (MCF7, @entity1 , Hs578T). Of the cell lines tested, WEHI-164, @entity1 , Daudi, and Jurkat cells were among the most sensitive to growth inhibitory activity of @entity14315 whereas PANC-1 and @entity1 cells were among the least sensitive. In addition, @entity14315 demonstrated preferential growth inhibition of malignant cells in assays against two different malignant/non-malignant cell line pairs (HCC38/HCC38 BL and Hs 578T/Hs 578Bst). Separation of protein components of @entity14315 using @entity214 -PAGE resulted in a very reproducible pattern of three major bands corresponding to molecular sizes of approximately 40-42 kD, 24 kD, and 17 kD. Activity is lost after heating at 75 degrees C for 30 min, and can be diminished by treatment with proteinase K and protease. Activity is not affected by treating with trypsin, DNase I or @entity30555 .

title: Elasmobranch immune cells as a source of novel XXXX cell inhibitors: Implications for public health.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIM: The effect of @entity4256 ( @entity4256 ) on fertility and pregnancy in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) was evaluated. METHOD: Post- @entity4256 female @entity1 with @entity31 who were attempting to become pregnant filled out questionnaires on fertility and pregnancy. Demographic and pouch data of pregnancies ending with delivery were collected from a prospective database. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity1 , 44      10  years of age, completed the questionnaires. The median follow-up period post- @entity4256 was 167 (range, 20-352) months. Before @entity4256 , 26 @entity1 had 70 pregnancies and 62 deliveries. After @entity4256 , 17 @entity1 had 32 pregnancies and 26 deliveries (P  =  0.0035). Post- @entity4256 , 10 (37%) of 27 @entity1 failed to conceive compared with 26/26 successful attempts before @entity4256 (P  =  0.0006). The number of offspring per @entity1 was 2.38      1.27 before, and 0.68      0.93 after, @entity4256 (P  <  0.0001). A higher number of spontaneous pregnancies occurred before (56/62; 90%) than after (15/25; 60%) @entity4256 (P  =  0.0004). The time to conception was longer (5.0      11.6 vs 16.3      25.1  months; P  =  0.039) and there were more in-vitro fertilization procedures (three vs six) post- @entity4256 . The gestation period was similar, but after @entity4256 more deliveries were by Caesarean section (12.9% vs 46.2%; P  =  0.0007). Babies born before @entity4256 weighed more than those born after @entity4256 (3.16      0.61  kg vs 2.79      0.68  kg, respectively; P  =  0.0327). CONCLUSION: @entity4256 is associated with an increased risk of @entity249 , similar duration of gestation and lower birthweight. Female candidates for @entity4256 who have not finished family planning should be counselled accordingly.

title: Restorative proctocolectomy impairs fertility and pregnancy outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity4256 :: ('MESH:D054019', 'Disease') :: ['RPC', 'restorative proctocolectomy']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: Although @entity3964 apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) is a leading @entity311 vaccine candidate, extensive allelic diversity may compromise its vaccine potential. We have previously shown that naturally acquired antibodies to AMA1 were associated with protection from clinical @entity311 in this Kenyan population. To assess the impact of allelic diversity on naturally acquired immunity, we first sequenced the ectodomain-encoding region of @entity3964 ama1 from subjects with asymptomatic, mild, and severe @entity311 and measured allele frequency distributions. We then measured antibodies to three allelic AMA1 proteins (AMA1_3D7, AMA1_FVO, and AMA1_HB3) and used competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to analyze allele-specific antibodies. Seventy-eight unique haplotypes were identified from 129 alleles sampled. No clustering of allelic haplotypes with disease severity or year of sampling was observed. Differences in @entity377 frequencies in clinical (severe plus mild @entity311 ) versus asymptomatic infections were observed at 16 polymorphic positions. Allele frequency distributions were indicative of balancing selection, with the strongest signature being identified in domain III (Tajima's D = 2.51; P < 0.05). Antibody reactivities to each of the three allelic AMA1 proteins were highly correlated (P < 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons). Although antibodies to conserved epitopes were abundant, 48% of selected children with anti-AMA1 IgG (n = 106) had detectable reactivity to allele-specific epitopes as determined by a competition ELISA. Antibodies to both conserved and allele-specific epitopes in AMA1 may contribute to clinical protection.

title: Allelic diversity and naturally acquired allele-specific antibody responses to XXXX apical membrane antigen 1 in Kenya.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is increasing pressure on mental health providers to reduce the duration of treatments, while retaining level of quality and effectiveness. The risk is that the population is underserved and therefore needs new treatment episodes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether duration of treatment and return into mental health care were related. METHODS: This study examined Dutch @entity1 with an initial treatment episode in 2009 or 2010 in specialized mental health settings for @entity308 (N  =  85,754). Follow-up data about treatment episodes were available up until 2013. The data set included demographic (age, gender), and clinical factors (comorbidity with other DSM-IV @entity2270 ; scores on the 'Global Assessment of Functioning'). Cox regression analyses were used to assess whether duration of treatment and relapse into mental health care were related. RESULTS: The majority of @entity1 did not return into mental health care (86  %). @entity1 with a shorter duration of treatment (5-250  min; 251-500  min and 751-1000  min) were slightly more likely to return (reference group: >1000  min) (HR 1.19 95  % CI 1.13-1.26; HR 1.11 95  % CI 1.06-1.17; HR 1.18 95  % CI 1.11-1.25), adjusted for demographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a longer duration of treatment may prevent return into mental health care in some groups. However, because of the design of the study, no causal inference can be drawn. Further research, preferably in a RCT, is needed to determine whether the trend towards lower intensity treatments is associated with repeated mental health care use.

title: Is duration of XXXX related to return into treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['psychological treatment for depression']


abstract: @entity3064 is an emerging nosocomial, opportunistic pathogen that survives desiccation and quickly acquires resistance to multiple antibiotics. @entity526 coli gains antibiotic resistances by expressing genes involved in a global response to DNA damage. Therefore, we asked whether A. baumannii does the same through a yet undetermined DNA damage response akin to the @entity526 paradigm. We found that recA and all of the multiple error-prone DNA polymerase V (Pol V) genes, those organized as umuDC operons and unlinked, are induced upon DNA damage in a RecA-mediated fashion. Consequently, we found that the frequency of @entity1215 -resistant (Rif(r)) mutants is dramatically increased upon UV treatment, @entity16 , and desiccation, also in a RecA-mediated manner. However, in the recA insertion knockout strain, in which we could measure the recA transcript, we found that recA was induced by DNA damage, while uvrA and one of the unlinked umuC genes were somewhat derepressed in the absence of DNA damage. Thus, the mechanism regulating the A. baumannii DNA damage response is likely different from that in @entity526 . Notably, it appears that the number of DNA Pol V genes may directly contribute to desiccation-induced mutagenesis. Sequences of the rpoB gene from desiccation-induced Rif(r) mutants showed a signature that was consistent with @entity526 DNA polymerase V-generated base-pair substitutions and that matched that of sequenced A. baumannii clinical Rif(r) isolates. These data strongly support an A. baumannii DNA damage-inducible response that directly contributes to antibiotic resistance acquisition, particularly in hospitals where @entity1129 and tenaciously survives on equipment and surfaces.

title: Antibiotic resistance acquired through a DNA damage-inducible response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alkylation damage']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A. baumannii desiccates']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Electrical stimulation (ES) is therapeutic to many @entity79 , from promoting @entity174 regeneration to orthopedic intervention. The application of ES offers substantial therapeutic potential, while optimal ES parameters and the underlying mechanisms responsible for the positive clinical impact are poorly understood. In this study, we assembled an ES cell culture and monitoring device. @entity19 cells were subjected to different frequency to investigate the effect of osteogenesis. Cell proliferation, DNA synthesis, the mRNA levels of @entity9980 -related genes, the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and intracellular concentration of @entity141 were thoroughly evaluated. We found that 100 Hz could up-regulate the mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen II and @entity2447 . On the contrary, ES could down-regulate the mRNA levels of @entity1189 ( @entity1189 ). ALP activity assay and Fast Blue RR salt stain showed that 100 Hz could accelerate cells differentiation. Compared to the control group, 100 Hz could promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, 1 Hz to 10 Hz could improve @entity460 deposition in the intracellular matrix. Overall, these results indicate that 100Hz ES exhibits superior potentialities in osteogenesis, which should be beneficial for the clinical applications of ES for the treatment of @entity79 .

title: Modulation of Osteogenesis in XXXX Cells by Different Frequency Electrical Stimulation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MC3T3-E1']


abstract: A prospective phase I clinical trial with recombinant @entity4020 as maintenance therapy after cytotoxic chemotherapy was conducted. Twenty-one homosexual and bisexual males with extensive @entity10478 @entity791 ( @entity791 )- @entity2826 (KS) were studied. After a complete response (6 @entity1 ) or partial response (15 @entity1 ) from chemotherapy consisting of @entity632 (20 mg/m2), @entity1732 (10 U/m2), and @entity1891 (1.4 mg/m2; 2 mg maximum), @entity1 were given interferon-alpha ( @entity4020 ) in an attempt to prolong disease-free survival. Three dose levels of daily @entity4020 were tested: 5, 10, and 15 million U. The maximum tolerated dose was 10 million units. Dose-limiting @entity137 included recurrent grade 3 @entity1295 , @entity294 , and @entity221 , which resulted in the termination of therapy in eight @entity1 (38%). Hematologic @entity137 were infrequent (four @entity1 ; 19%). Responses were observed in two @entity1 on @entity4020 , both at the 10-million-U dose level. The median duration of response on @entity4020 therapy following chemotherapy was 8 weeks (range, 3-11). We conclude that the duration of @entity4020 maintenance response following cytotoxic chemotherapy is short with response to residual disease observed in a minority of cases at this dose and schedule. Additional trials of maintenance therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity791 -KS combining antiretroviral agents are in progress.

title: Interferon-alpha maintenance therapy after cytotoxic chemotherapy for treatment of @entity791 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous or visceral epidemic']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-alpha-2b', 'IFN-alpha']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: Engineering controls can be used to reduce the spread of airborne @entity166 , particularly @entity378 ( @entity378 ), in high-risk settings. This article evaluates published data on the efficacy of upper-room air @entity7841 ( @entity7841 ). A three-zone representation of a @entity378 @entity1 room equipped with a germicidal UV lamp is developed. The lamp irradiates the upper-room zone and inactivates airborne mycobacteria; the unirradiated lower-room zone also contains a near-field zone surrounding the @entity378 @entity1 . Infectious particles are generated in the near-field zone and transported throughout the room by air flow between zones. Each zone is independently well-mixed; the whole room, however, is not well-mixed. The three-zone model is applied to a previously published study of @entity7841 against airborne mycobacteria in a test room. Based on the estimated slopes of the semi-log concentration decay curves for viable mycobacteria, and on the assumption that the test room was essentially well-mixed, the published study reported that @entity7841 provided 10 to 25 equivalent air changes per hour. However, when the same decay curve slopes are interpreted in the context of the three-zone model, @entity7841 is seen to be far less effective in reducing exposure intensity near the @entity378 @entity1 . Near-field exposure intensity is relevant because health care workers are usually in close proximity to the @entity378 @entity1 they attend. In general, the interpretation of concentration decay data depends on the specific model of room air mixing that is assumed appropriate. It is recommended that tests of the efficacy of @entity7841 and other control devices against airborne microorganisms be based on steady-state concentration measurements rather than concentration decay measurements, because the former measurements do not require inferences based on a particular model.

title: A multi-zone model evaluation of the efficacy of upper-room air XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['UVGI', 'ultraviolet germicidal irradiation']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity7841 :: (MESH:D012793,Disease) :: ['ultraviolet germicidal irradiation']


abstract: Entrapment of the median nerve is a rare complication following @entity3029 . The authors report a case of incarceration of the median nerve in a neglected @entity3029 in an 18-year-old right-handed @entity1 . The @entity1 sustained a closed injury of the right elbow during a game. The initial treatment was performed by a traditional bonesetter and consisted of attempts at reduction followed by immobilization in extension. There was persistent @entity158 and limitation of movement in the elbow and paraesthesiae in the long finger. This led the @entity1 to consult us at 45 days postinjury. Radiographs showed a posterolateral @entity3029 . Surgical reduction was carried out 6 months posttrauma. After opening of the capsule, we discovered the median nerve blocking the olecranon fossa, passing at the level of the groove of the trochlea where it was wedged between the latter anteriorly and the olecranon posteriorly before resuming its normal course. Reduction was obtained and the nerve replaced in its normal position. The postoperative course was uneventful with disappearance of the paresthesiae and restoration of a good range of movement of the elbow. The authors discuss the mechanism, the clinical forms and propose a new type according to the classification of Fourrier.

title: [Entrapment of the median nerve after neglected XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the elbow']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['dislocation of the elbow']


abstract: @entity808 are uncommonly recognized in @entity1641 . This study describes cutaneous @entity808 in 22 @entity1641 aged 8 to 25 years: 12 male, 7 female, and 3 of unknown sex. The @entity1641 had solitary cutaneous masses: 9 on the head, 3 on the neck, and the others on the shoulder, hip, thorax, abdomen, rump, extremities, or tail. The location of 1 @entity5 was unknown. The @entity5 were well demarcated and expansile. Twelve had a multinodular pattern, whereas 10 formed a single nodule. Antoni A areas were observed in all @entity5 , and 10 @entity5 contained Antoni B areas. In Antoni A areas, the densely packed spindle-shaped neoplastic cells were arranged in short fascicles with nuclear palisading. In the hypocellular Antoni B areas, neoplastic cells were separated by abundant @entity19021 . @entity5 commonly had hyalinization of stroma and vessel walls and ancient change. Cellular vacuolation was observed in 18 @entity5 . In all 22 cases, neoplastic cells were immunopositive for S100 protein. Expression of laminin and glial fibrillary acidic protein was observed in all 6 @entity5 evaluated by immunohistochemistry for these markers. One @entity5 was examined ultrastructurally: Neoplastic cells had branched cytoplasmic processes and were surrounded by an external lamina. Follow-up information was available 8 months to 10 years postexcision for 9 @entity1641 , for which surgical excision of the @entity5 was curative. The @entity1641 cutaneous @entity808 in this study had microscopic features like those of @entity1 @entity808 and had benign clinical behavior. Correct classification of @entity1641 cutaneous @entity808 will facilitate accurate prognosis and appropriate treatment.

title: @entity808 in 22 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'Schwannomas', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'dermal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19021 :: ('MESH:C537478', 'Disease') :: ['myxomatous stroma']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this preliminary prospective study, we compared unilateral and bilateral thyroarytenoid muscle injections of Botulinum toxin (Dysport) in 31 @entity1 with @entity7364 , who had undergone more than 5 consecutive Dysport injections (either unilateral or bilateral) and had completed 5 concomitant self-rated efficacy and complication scores questionnaires related to the previous injections. We also developed a @entity161 ( @entity161 ) system which has utility in the treatment administration. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Data were gathered prospectively on voice improvement (self-rated 6 point scale), length of response and duration of complications (breathiness, cough, @entity1282 and @entity393 ). Injections were performed under electromyography (EMG) guidance. @entity161 scale was used to describe the EMG response. Dose and unilateral/bilateral injections were determined by clinical judgment based on previous response. Time intervals between injections were @entity1 driven. RESULTS: Low dose unilateral Dysport injection was associated with no significant difference in the @entity1 's outcome in terms of duration of action, voice score (VS) and complication rate when compared to bilateral injections. Unilateral injections were not associated with any post treatment @entity393 unlike the bilateral injections. CONCLUSION: Unilateral low dose Dysport injections are recommended in the treatment of @entity7364 .

title: Unilateral versus bilateral thyroarytenoid Botulinum toxin injections in XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['adductor spasmodic dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Neurophysiological Scoring', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['total voice loss']

answer: @entity7364 :: (MESH:D055154,Disease) :: ['adductor spasmodic dysphonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: sentinel lymph node biopsy in @entity0 @entity1 has been substituting the total axillary lymph node is presented dissection. The technique of processing the sentinel lymph node and the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of occult @entity3 identification based on the standard histological and immunohistochemical examination. METHODS: between 2002 and 2005, 266 sentinel lymph nodes were harvested from axillary biopsy of 170 @entity1 with early stage @entity0 . All lymph nodes were considered to be negative according to standard intra-operative cytological assessment. Lymph nodes were transversally sectioned in four or five slices and embedded in @entity982 blocks. Two paraffin-embedded tissue sections with 4 microm in thickness were mounted on glass slides and stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and immunoperoxidase (cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 ) techniques. RESULTS: standard histological examination identified @entity3 in 22 @entity1 (12.9%) and micrometastatic disease was observed in six of these @entity1 (3.5%). The immunohistochemical examination identified @entity3 in 16 @entity1 (9.4%). Among them, @entity5 cells were observed in 11 (6.5%) and micrometastases were identified in five (2.9%). CONCLUSIONS: the association of the standard histological examination and immunohistochemical technique increases the chances of sentinel lymph node @entity3 identification.

title: [Occult @entity3 in sentinel lymph node in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: Abnormal glucocorticoid metabolism contributes to @entity455 and @entity65 . @entity701 activation of vascular mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors is regulated by two types of 11beta-HSD ( @entity11331 dehydrogenase), namely 11beta-HSD2 and @entity26887 (type 2 and type 1 11beta-HSD respectively). We hypothesized that inhibition of 11beta-HSD would attenuate vascular function in healthy @entity1 . A total of 15 healthy subjects were treated with the selective 11beta-HSD inhibitor GA ( @entity13439 ) or matching placebo in a randomized double-blinded cross-over trial. 11beta-HSD activity was assessed by the urinary @entity701 / @entity821 ratio, and vascular function was measured using strain-gauge plethysmography. Endothelial function was measured through incremental brachial artery administration of @entity2710 (0.3-10 microg/min) and vascular smooth muscle function with incremental @entity1855 (10-300 microg/min). GA increased the 24-h urinary @entity701 / @entity821 ratio compared with placebo (P=0.008). GA tended to reduce the FBF (forearm blood flow) response to @entity2710 (P=0.09) and significantly reduced the FBF response to @entity1855 compared with placebo (P=0.04). MAP (mean arterial pressure) did not differ between the study conditions. 11beta-HSD inhibition attenuated vascular smooth muscle vasodilatory function in healthy @entity1 . Disturbances in @entity701 activity resulting from 11beta-HSD inactivation is therefore a second plausible mechanism for mineralocorticoid-mediated @entity101 in @entity1 .

title: @entity13439 attenuates vascular smooth muscle vasodilatory function in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity13439 :: ('MESH:D006034', 'Chemical') :: ['glycyrrhetinic acid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11-beta hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Exhaled @entity842 and eosinophil sputum markers are considered noninvasive ways in which to evaluate @entity32 in @entity565 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between these methods of evaluation in @entity748 @entity1 . In a cross-sectional study of 25 mild-moderate @entity748 @entity1 (aged 6-13 yrs, 10 @entity1 on inhaled @entity230 ) exhaled NO was measured along with induced sputum by inhalation of hypertonic saline solution. The sputum was processed for eosinophil count and @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ) determination. Serum @entity11153 and lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)) were also measured. A significant correlation was observed between exhaled NO and sputum eosinophils (r = 0.438, p = 0.032) as well as between sputum eosinophils and sputum @entity11153 (r = 0.532, p<0.01). No correlation was observed among exhaled NO and serum @entity11153 , sputum @entity11153 , FEV1, respectively. Furthermore no correlation was observed between sputum eosinophil (%) and serum @entity11153 and between sputum eosinophils and FEV1. There was no correlation among the investigated parameters in @entity1 treated with inhaled @entity230 . In conclusion, exhaled NO and sputum eosinophil counts are concordant in evaluating the degree of @entity32 in @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity565 . However, the association between these two noninvasive markers becomes less in @entity134 treated @entity1 .

title: Exhaled XXXX and sputum eosinophil markers of @entity32 in @entity748 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: We evaluated the influence of @entity308 on motivation to adhere to recommended guidelines for exercise and diet. This study was conducted within a larger e-counseling trial. Subjects diagnosed with @entity101 (n = 387, age = 44-74 years, 59% female) completed assessments at baseline and within 2 weeks after a 4-month intervention period. Outcomes included mean level of readiness to change diet and exercise and symptoms of @entity308 and stress. Per protocol analysis defined e-counseling support as follows: >= 8 e-mails = therapeutic dose, 1-7 e-mails = subtherapeutic dose, and 0 e-mails = Controls. Baseline adjusted symptoms of @entity308 and stress were inversely correlated with improvement in exercise (partial R = -.14, P = .01, and partial R = -.17, P = .01, resp.) but not diet or e-counseling. Subjects who received a therapeutic dose of e-counseling demonstrated greater readiness for diet adherence versus Controls (P = .02). Similarly, subjects receiving a therapeutic level of e-counseling demonstrated significantly greater readiness for exercise adherence versus Controls (P = .04). In sum, e-counseling is associated with improved motivation to adhere to exercise and diet among @entity1 with @entity101 , independent of symptoms of @entity308 .

title: Psychosocial determinants of health behaviour change in an e-counseling intervention for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress and depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cryoablation of @entity703 is assumed to have a higher risk of @entity548 compared to other ablative modalities. Our purpose was to establish the exact risk and to identify @entity548 risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This IRB approved, 7-year prospective study included 261 renal cryoablations. Procedures were under conscious sedation and CT guidance. Pre- and postablation CT was obtained, and @entity548 were CTCAE tabulated. Age, gender, @entity5 size, histology, and probes number were tested based on averages or proportions using their exact permutation distribution. "High-risk" subgroups (those exceeding the thresholds of all variables) were tested for each variable alone, and for all combinations of variable threshold values. We compared the subgroup with the best @entity2286 using one variable, with the subgroup with the best @entity2286 using all variables (McNemmar test). RESULTS: The @entity548 complication rate was 3.5  %. Four @entity1 required transfusions, two required emergent angiograms, one required both a transfusion and angiogram, and two required bladder irrigation for outlet obstruction. Perirenal space @entity548 was more clinically significant than elsewhere. Univariate risks were @entity5 size >2  cm, number of probes >2, and malignant histology (P  =  0.005, 0.002, and 0.033, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity1 >55  years with @entity5 >2  cm requiring 2 or more probes yielded the highest @entity2286 (7.5  %). CONCLUSIONS: Although older @entity1 (>55  years old) with larger (>2  cm), @entity5 have an increased risk of @entity548 , the low @entity2286 does not support the routine use of embolization. Percutaneous cryoablation has a 3.5  % risk of significant @entity548 , similar to that reported for other types of renal ablative modalities.

title: Hemorrhagic Complications of Percutaneous Cryoablation for XXXX : Results from a 7-year Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['Renal Tumors']


abstract: @entity11 accounts for 80% of @entity1313 and currently remains one of the most lethal forms of @entity5 . Gene therapy could potentially improve the dismal prognosis of @entity1 with @entity11 , but this treatment modality has not yet reached the bedside from the laboratory due to the lack of safe and effective gene delivery vehicles. In this study we investigate targeted gene delivery to C6 @entity11 cells in a xenograft @entity19 model using @entity24509 ( @entity3525 ) labeled nanoparticles. The developed nanovector consists of an @entity1933 nanoparticle core, coated with a copolymer of chitosan, @entity968 ( @entity970 ), and @entity12279 ( @entity8681 ). Green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding DNA was bound to these nanoparticles, and @entity3525 was then attached using a short @entity970 linker. Nanoparticles without @entity3525 were also prepared as a control. @entity19 bearing C6 xenograft @entity5 were injected intravenously with the DNA-bound nanoparticles. Nanoparticle accumulation in the @entity5 site was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed by histology, and GFP gene expression was monitored through Xenogen IVIS fluorescence imaging and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Interestingly, the @entity3525 did not affect the accumulation of nanoparticles at the @entity5 site but specifically enhanced their uptake into @entity5 cells as evidenced by higher gene expression. These results indicate that this targeted gene delivery system may potentially improve treatment outcome of gene therapy for @entity11 and other @entity5 .

title: @entity24509 labeled magnetic nanovectors for targeted gene delivery to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'deadly cancers']

entities_list: @entity12279 :: ('MESH:D011094', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylenimine']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity24509 :: ('MESH:C091539', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorotoxin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: The regulatory gene for a sigma54-dependent-type transcriptional regulator, fhpR, is located upstream of the fhp gene for flavohemoglobin in @entity796 . Transcription of fhp was induced by @entity1507 , @entity3542 , @entity842 (NO), and NO-generating reagents. Analysis of the fhp promoter activity in mutant strains deficient in the denitrification enzymes indicated that the promoter was regulated by NO or related reactive @entity1568 species. The NO-responsive regulation was operative in a mutant strain deficient in DNR (dissimilatory @entity1507 respiration regulator), which is the NO-responsive regulator required for expression of the denitrification genes. A binding motif for sigma54 was found in the promoter region of fhp, but an FNR (fumarate @entity1507 reductase regulator) box was not. The fhp promoter was inactive in the fhpR or rpoN mutant strain, suggesting that the NO-sensing regulation of the fhp promoter was mediated by FhpR. The DNR-dependent denitrification promoters (nirS, norC, and nosR) were active in the fhpR or rpoN mutants. These results indicated that @entity796 has at least two independent NO-responsive regulatory systems. The fhp or fhpR mutant strains showed sensitivity to NO-generating reagents under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. These mutants also showed significantly low aerobic NO consumption activity, indicating that the physiological role of flavohemoglobin in @entity796 is detoxification of NO under aerobic conditions.

title: Transcriptional regulation of the flavohemoglobin gene for aerobic XXXX detoxification by the second @entity842 -responsive regulator of @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']