abstract: The active type of @entity48401 ) activates various cell-types through @entity23451 ( @entity23451 ). We previously reported that a factor Xa inhibitor could suppress @entity3512 @entity1310 . Considering that fibrin deposition is observed in @entity2316 as well as in @entity631 , this study examined the roles of the coagulation pathway and factor Xa in the development of @entity2316 using type 2 @entity6 model @entity19 . @entity6 (db/db) and normoglycemic (m+/m+) @entity19 were immunohistochemically evaluated for their expression/deposition of @entity23451 , transforming growth factor (TGF)-b, fibrin, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and @entity5231 at week 20. Significantly greater numbers of @entity23451 -positive cells and larger amounts of fibronectin, and collagen IV depositions were observed in the glomeruli of db/db @entity19 than those in m+/m+ @entity19 . Next, expression of @entity23451 versus deposition of collagen IV and fibronectin was compared between week 20 and week 30, and the number of @entity23451 -positive cells in the glomeruli decreased in contrast with the increased accumulation of ECM proteins. In an intervention study, fondaparinux, a factor Xa inhibitor, was subcutaneously administered for ten weeks from week 10 to 20. @entity27408 treatment significantly suppressed urinary protein, @entity8 , fibrin deposition, expression of connective tissue growth factor, and ECM proteins deposition together with @entity5231 -positive capillaries. These results suggest that coagulation pathway and glomerular @entity23451 expression are upregulated in the early phase of @entity6 , together with the increase of profibrotic cytokines expression, ECM proteins deposition and CD-31-positive vessels. Factor Xa inhibition may ameliorate @entity8 and ECM accumulation in @entity2316 .

title: Roles of coagulation pathway and factor Xa in the progression of @entity2316 in db/db XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular hypertrophy', 'glomerular neoangiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity27408 :: ('MESH:C438268', 'Chemical') :: ['Fondaparinux']

entities_list: @entity23451 :: ('14063(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['protease-activated receptor 2', 'PAR2']

entities_list: @entity48401 :: ('14058(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['coagulation factor X (factor Xa']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the degree and pattern of @entity419 uptake within the shoulder as a potential marker of joint @entity32 or injury. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 undergoing @entity419 PET for clinical oncologic assessment completed questionnaires regarding history of @entity66 , @entity130 , @entity2531 . Thorough physical examination of the shoulder was performed. A clinical diagnosis of specific shoulder derangement or normal was established for each @entity1 . PET scans were evaluated blindly by a nuclear medicine physician and a musculoskeletal radiologist qualitatively for location, distribution, and intensity of shoulder uptake. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 had shoulder PET findings. Fourteen had clinical findings consistent with a specific diagnosis in the PET-positive shoulder. The remaining seven PET-positive @entity1 were clinically normal. Three recognizable patterns of uptake were appreciable. Eight of 10 @entity1 with diffuse uptake had findings of @entity571 (n = 7) or @entity2585 (n = 1). Two of four @entity1 with focal greater tuberosity uptake had findings of @entity717 . Two of four @entity1 with focal glenoid uptake had findings of frozen shoulder. SUV showed a positive correlation with subject age (p < 0.01), but no association with clinical findings was identified. CONCLUSION: The pattern of FDG uptake within the shoulder may point to specific clinical entities. While focal uptake is less reliably related to clinical findings, diffuse uptake is associated with signs and symptoms of @entity571 or @entity2585 .

title: Diffuse FDG shoulder uptake on PET is associated with clinical findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['pain, and/or functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotator cuff injury']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: Angiogenesis, the process by which new blood vessels are formed from preexisting vasculature, is critical for vascular remodeling during development and contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases such as @entity5 . Prior studies from our laboratory demonstrate that the @entity28619 receptor @entity669 kinase is a key regulator of angiogenesis in vivo. The EphA receptor-mediated angiogenic response is dependent on activation of Rho family GTPase @entity5844 and is regulated by @entity4357 3-kinase. Here we report the identification of @entity40011 and @entity31663 as @entity6370 exchange factors (GEFs) that link the @entity28619 receptor to Rho family GTPase activation and angiogenesis. @entity55890 stimulation recruits the binding of @entity56289 proteins to the activated @entity28619 receptor. The induced association of EphA receptor and @entity56289 proteins modulates the activity of @entity56289 GEFs, leading to activation of @entity5844 GTPase. Overexpression of either @entity40011 or @entity31663 in primary microvascular endothelial cells promotes @entity5844 activation, cell migration, and assembly in response to @entity55890 stimulation. Conversely, loss of @entity40011 and @entity31663 GEFs inhibits @entity5844 activation and @entity55890 -induced angiogenic responses both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, embryonic fibroblasts derived from @entity40011 -/- @entity31663 -/- @entity19 fail to spread on an @entity55890 -coated surface and exhibit a significant decrease in the formation of @entity55890 -induced lamellipodia and filopodia. These findings suggest that @entity56289 GEFs serve as a molecular link between @entity28619 receptors and the actin cytoskeleton and provide an important mechanism for @entity28619 -mediated angiogenesis.

title: Essential role of XXXX family @entity6370 exchange factors in EphA receptor-mediated angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity56289 :: (22324(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Vav']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Randomized controlled trials incorporating validated @entity308 scales have failed to identify an association between interferon beta treatment and @entity308 in @entity15 . This is surprising since interferons used in other clinical contexts are considered capable of causing @entity308 . The negative results in @entity15 could be due inadequate power in the published trials. METHODS: In this study, longitudinal data from an IMS Health Canada database called the Therapy Dynamics database were analyzed. The database contains information about prescriptions filled at outpatient pharmacies in Canada, linked at the individual level over time periods as long as 36 months. Antidepressant prescriptions were used as a proxy indicator for @entity308 . The frequency of antidepressant use was compared in cohorts treated with @entity1638 and interferon beta. RESULTS: No differences in the frequency of antidepressant treatment were observed. A large proportion (approximately 40%) in all treatment cohorts were treated with antidepressants at some time over the study interval. The proportions remained comparable after adjustment for age and sex and in a time-to-event analysis of new antidepressant prescriptions. Among @entity1 receiving prescriptions exclusively from Neurologists, the frequency of exposure to antidepressants was much lower (2.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This analysis uncovered no evidence that antidepressant treatment occurs more often in @entity1 treated with interferon beta than in those treated with @entity1638 . These results help to confirm that @entity308 is not associated with interferon beta treatment in @entity15 .

title: Anti-depressant use in association with interferon and XXXX treatment in @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

answer: @entity1638 :: (MESH:C089995,Chemical) :: ['glatiramer acetate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the prostaglandin-mediated mucosal protection within the gastric compartment has been well established, its potential role in the maintenance of integrity of the esophageal mucosa in @entity1 has not been explored due to the lack of appropriate methodology. METHODS: We have recently developed an esophageal perfusion catheter, equipped with two balloons, compartmentalizing a 7.5-cm segment of the esophageal lumen. Using this catheter, we studied the impact of the luminal perfusion with saline, @entity5828 (0.01 M, pH 2.1), and @entity5828 /pepsin solutions (0.5 mg/ml) on esophageal luminal release of @entity1421 in 21 asymptomatic, presumably healthy volunteers (12 M, 9F; mean age 40 yr). The content of @entity1421 in its @entity5498 oximated form was measured by RIA (Amersham, IL), using a novel iodinated label. Results are expressed as mean +/- SEM. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Perfusion of the esophageal lumen resulted in continuous release of @entity1421 into the perfusate at the rate of 1880 +/- 393 pg/min during the first 8-min perfusion period. During continuation of perfusion with saline, the luminal release of @entity1421 was maintained at the rate of 1820 +/- 640 pg/min during the second 8-min perfusion period. This rate declined (although in nonsignificant fashion; p < 0.2) during the third perfusion period, reaching a plateau of 1220 +/- 473 pg/min and maintained during the last (period IV) perfusion period with saline. Introduction of acid during the perfusion period II in the second group of investigated subjects resulted in a rapid and statistically significant decline of the luminal release of @entity1421 to the value of 1020 +/- 167 ng/min (p < 0.01). Continuation of esophageal perfusion with acid during the next 8-min perfusion period further diminished the luminal release of @entity1421 to the value of 520 +/- 73; p < 0.001. The significant decline in the rate of luminal @entity1421 release was still maintained despite the replacement of acid with saline during the ending 8-min perfusion (period IV; 560 +/- 80 ng/min; p < 0.001). Esophageal perfusion with @entity5828 /pepsin solution, in group III subjects, potentiated luminal release of @entity1421 , reaching the value of 1553 +/- 340 pg/min, which is 3 times higher than the value of @entity1421 observed during corresponding perfusion with @entity5828 (period III; p < 0.03). This significant impact of @entity5828 /pepsin solution was still maintained despite the substitution of @entity5828 /pepsin with @entity1219 during the last perfusion period, and was still significantly higher (1260 +/- 220 pg/min; p < 0.02) than the corresponding value during the ending perfusion with @entity1219 after @entity5828 (group II). This study for the first time demonstrates that luminal release of @entity1421 in @entity1 remains under a significant impact of luminal chemical factors such as acid and pepsin. CONCLUSION: The modulatory effect of acid and pepsin on esophageal mucosal prostaglandin release may play a role in the development of reflux-related mucosal pathology.

title: Impact of acid and pepsin on XXXX esophageal prostaglandins.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of faulty postures include disturbances of the symmetric distribution of compressive and tensile forces acting on both sides of the body @entity2270 and the emergence of harmful shear forces. The torques of antigravity muscles also change unfavourably. This may lead to the development of a @entity7184 , @entity850 of intervertebral foramina, @entity615 . The development of back @entity158 syndromes is significantly affected by the performance of various work-related tasks in non-ergonomic positions. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between back @entity158 syndromes and the quality of body posture, especially in the context of work ergonomics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 125 @entity1 : 39 adults with a childhood history of @entity1635 , 39 midwives, and 47 physiotherapists. Body posture was assessed in all @entity1 . In midwives and physiotherapists, body position during the performance of work-related tasks was also evaluated. The frequency and severity of @entity158 was assessed with the Jackson-Moskowitz measure. RESULTS: The study revealed that over 80% of the @entity1 suffered from @entity158 . In most cases, the @entity158 was intermittent and was felt in the lumbar spine. The occurrence of @entity158 among midwives and physiotherapists was not directly dependent on the predominant type of abnormal spinal position assumed during the performance of occupational tasks or the quality of body posture. The complaint was also reported by ca. 85% of @entity1 with a history of @entity1635 . CONCLUSIONS: An incorrect body posture (especially @entity1635 ) and performance of work-related tasks in @entity615 .

title: Body posture and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive strain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['compression of nerve roots and back pain', 'non-ergonomic positions increase the probability of back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['syndromes of back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity571 of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) has not been completely determined in a population-based study. The aim of the study was to determine the age- and gender-related prevalence of radiological first @entity625 . METHODS: We analyzed 517 consecutive radiographs of adult @entity1 who presented with acute foot injuries to the accident and emergency department over a 6-month period. Radiographs were assessed independently by 2 authors using the Hattrup and Johnson grading system for osteoarthritic changes in the first MTPJ. RESULTS: The radiographic prevalence of @entity625 in our population was 25% (127/517). Overall incidence was higher in females, with 32% (85/269) of females affected in comparison to 18% (44/248) of males. Variance between the sexes was insignificant until the age of 60, at which point the prevalence rose to 66% (53/80) in females compared with 47% (18/38) in males of the same age. CONCLUSIONS: The development of first @entity625 follows a typical pattern of @entity571 , as shown in other joints, with increasing age being an important factor. The results of this study suggest that first @entity625 begins to appear in most cases in middle age and is significantly more apparent in females. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, comparative case series.

title: Radiological prevalence of XXXX of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative arthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['MTPJ arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['degenerative arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the relationship between binocular summation (BiS) and binocular inhibition (BI) on the quality of life of adults and @entity1 with strabismus. METHODS: Strabismus @entity1 at a single center from 2010 to 2012 were prospectively enrolled. A BiS score was measured using ETDRS and Sloan @entity227 ( @entity227 ) protocols at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast. @entity1 were categorized as having BiS (binocular better than @entity227 by >= 5 letters), BI (binocular worse than @entity227 by >= 5 letters), or otherwise indeterminate visual acuity (a difference between binocular visual acuity and monocular visual acuity of the better eye of <5 letters). Quality of life was evaluated by the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire 25  (VFQ-25), 20-item Adult Strabismus Questionnaire (AS-20), and the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 108 @entity1 were included. There was no significant BiS or BI for high-contrast ETDRS or 2.5% @entity227 tests; however, a mean BiS score of -2.14    7.0 letters for 1.25% @entity227 demonstrated significant binocular inhibition (P = 0.004) for this contrast level. The mean composite VFQ-25 score was significantly lower in subjects with BI on ETDRS (80    19 vs 57    7 for subjects with BiS and BI, resp. [P = 0.03]), 2.5% @entity227 (81    14 vs 66    16 for subjects with BiS and BI, resp. [P = 0.01]), and 1.25% @entity227 tests (91    9 vs 72    14 for subjects with BiS and BI, resp. [P = 0.005]). After accounting for potential covariates, significant association persisted for BI, demonstrated by 1.25% @entity227 (P = 0.01). With BI demonstrable at 2.5%, AS-20 scores were also significantly lower (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Strabismic @entity1 with BI had significantly lower quality-of -life scores than those who did not, even after accounting for potential covariates and the absence of @entity892 .

title: Binocular inhibition in strabismic XXXX is associated with diminished quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['better-eye visual acuity', 'LCA', 'low-contrast visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) combined with medium/low dose @entity229 in the treatment of progressive immunoglobulin A @entity8 ( @entity6994 ). Ninety-six @entity1 who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in a prospective controlled clinical study. They were assigned into two groups and initially given either 0.6-0.8 mg/kg/day @entity229 (maximum 40 mg/day) plus 3 mg/kg/day @entity870 ( @entity870 group), or 1 mg/kg/day @entity229 (maximum 60 mg/day) alone ( @entity134 group). During therapy, the dose of @entity229 was reduced in both groups and the dose of @entity870 was gradually tailed off over the first 3 months and maintained at 2 mg/kg/day in the @entity870 group. Urinary protein excretion, serum biochemical indexes, clinical efficacy and side effects of @entity870 were assayed. A significant decline in mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion (p < 0.05) was observed 1 month after treatment in @entity1 in the @entity870 group, which was observed 2 months after treatment in the @entity134 group. The decline in mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion in the @entity870 group was more significant than in the @entity134 group. Serum albumin level increased significantly in the @entity870 group 2 months after therapy (p < 0.05). Moreover, at the end of the course, a higher remission rate was observed in @entity1 with Lee's Grade III @entity6994 after combined treatment with @entity229 and @entity870 (p < 0.05). No significant difference in clinical efficacy was observed in @entity1 with Lee's Grade IV and Grade V @entity6994 between the two groups (p > 0.05). @entity870 at a dose of 2-3 mg/kg/day in combination with medium/low dose @entity229 was effective in inducing remission of @entity6994 , especially for @entity1 with Lee's Grade III @entity6994 , and is a safe and effective choice for short-term treatment of @entity1 with progressive @entity6994 .

title: @entity205 combined with medium/low dose @entity229 in progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Two hundred seventy-one of 1509 @entity1 who underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repairs had either celiac or superior mesenteric or renal @entity432 . These latter @entity1 were treated by endarterectomy or bypass between June 20, 1960 and Jan. 10, 1991. After 1987, the 30-day survival rate was 93% (79 of 85) compared with 90% (245 of 271) before 1988. Multivariate predictors of @entity204 were age, postoperative reoperation for @entity548 , and @entity299 (p less than 0.05). @entity8 (13% dialysis, 35 of 271) were associated with preoperative @entity8 , elevated preoperative serum @entity1011 level, urine clearance time of dye, extent of the aorta replaced, @entity1003 , and @entity451 or @entity1746 (p less than 0.05). The incidence of @entity8 was reduced by renal artery endarterectomy (p less than 0.05). On univariate analysis the risk of @entity177 was reduced by renal artery perfusion with cold Ringer's @entity880 solution (p less than 0.05). @entity344 (9%, 25 of 271) were associated with a history of peptic @entity1066 on multivariate analysis (p less than 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier 5-year survival rates for @entity1 with and without occlusive disease were 53% and 60%, respectively, and at 10 years 37% and 30%, respectively (p = 0.08). We conclude that endarterectomy or bypass of occlusive @entity66 reduces the risk of @entity177 after @entity2334 repairs, does not decrease early or late survival, and does not increase the risk of @entity344 .

title: @entity2334 associated with celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal XXXX : methods and analysis of results in 271 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal complications', 'postoperative renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['visceral disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications', 'Gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusive disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1823 ( @entity1823 ) can erode @entity389 creating a @entity389 ( @entity389 ). The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the position of jugular bulb (JB) and @entity389 using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study HRCT images of 552 ears of 276 @entity1 with @entity393 , @entity9303 , @entity392 or @entity3541 were analyzed. @entity1823 type-1 was defined when JB dome reached above the inferior part of the round window, but was below the inferior edge of the internal acoustic meatus (IAM). @entity1823 type-2 was defined when the dome of JB was higher than the inferior edge of IAM. The frequencies and types of @entity1823 were evaluated. @entity389 for each @entity1823 type was determined. Frequencies of @entity389 eroding the vestibular aqueduct (VA), the cochlear aqueduct and the posterior semicircular canal were examined. RESULTS: @entity1823 type-1 and @entity1823 type-2 were found in 19% (105/552) and in 15.8% (87/552) of studied ears. @entity389 showed to be in 3.8% (21/552) of all ears. 90.5% (19/21) of @entity389 revealed eroding of VA. Jugular bulb related cochlear aqueduct dehiscence and jugular bulb related posterior semicircular canal dehiscence were found in one ear each. The frequency of jugular bulb related vestibular aqueduct dehiscence (JBVAD) in @entity1 with @entity1823 reaching above IAM was higher than in @entity1 with @entity1823 lower than IAM. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1823 is common, but @entity389 is rare. @entity389 prevalently erodes VA. @entity1823 rising above IAM is most at risk to show JBVAD.

title: The relationship between jugular bulb position and XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ['otogenic vertigo']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['jugular bulb related inner ear dehiscence', 'inner ear structures', 'JBID']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic peripheral facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['High jugular bulb', 'HJB']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity389 :: (MESH:D007759,Disease) :: ['jugular bulb related inner ear dehiscence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in @entity1 oviductal epithelium have been implicated in the regulation of local immunity, the precise kinetics and mechanism of @entity134 regulation of IEL are largely unknown. METHODS: We examined the localization of @entity172 receptors (ERs) and @entity1420 receptors (PRs) in 41 @entity1 oviducts by immunohistochemistry. These tissues were obtained from various menstrual cycles, also from both post-menopausal @entity1 and @entity7207 . The expressions of @entity1783 mRNA and membrane (m)PR mRNA were examined by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: Most of the IEL expressed @entity1783 at both mRNA and protein levels. The number of @entity1783 -positive IEL, which were identified as @entity405 -positive T lymphocytes and also were mPR positive, was increased in the late proliferative, the mid-secretory and late secretory phases in normally cycling @entity1 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, in tubal pregnancy, @entity1783 -positive IELs were consistently abundant. In addition, we found a high Ki-67-labelling index for IEL, although @entity1782 was entirely absent in the @entity7207 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the number of IEL fluctuated because of @entity172 and @entity1420 levels probably through @entity1783 and mPR, respectively. @entity1783 -positive IEL may be involved in regulating immune tolerance in @entity7207 .

title: Identification of @entity172 receptor beta-positive intraepithelial lymphocytes and their possible roles in normal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal pregnancies', 'tubal pregnancy oviducts']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity7207 :: (MESH:D011274,Disease) :: ['tubal pregnancy oviducts']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: To describe a safe surgical procedure, en bloc resection of the posterior wall of the thoracic canal, for the decompression of severe @entity602 caused by tuberous ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: OLF has been widely recognized as a cause of @entity602 in East Asia. Surgical decompression of @entity602 caused by OLF is technically demanding. Although several surgical decompression procedures have been described, acute @entity16 is common. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with severe @entity602 caused by tuberous OLF underwent posterior decompression via segmental en bloc resection of the posterior wall of the thoracic canal. The ossified ligamentum flavum, laminae, and partial facet joints of each segment were resected en bloc. Ossified dura mater was removed if present. Posterior fixation with pedicle screws was followed by lateral bone graft fusion. RESULTS: The mean preoperative modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (total score, 11) was 4.1 (range, 2-5). Postoperatively, no @entity16 occurred, and all @entity1 improved clinically. With an average follow-up of 31.2 months (range, 24-42 mo), the average modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 7.8 (range, 6-10), representing a 2- to 5-point improvement. The average improvement rate was 55.2% (range, 33.3%-83.3%). Most @entity1 were functionally independent at the last follow-up. Forty ossified segments were resected. The average time required for the resection of 1 segment was 77 minutes. Intraoperatively, dural ossification was noted in 11 @entity1 . Complete resection was performed in all @entity1 . @entity5173 occurred in 5 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Segmental en bloc resection of the posterior wall of the thoracic canal is a safe and effective alternative for OLF-related severe @entity602 .

title: Surgical Technique for Decompression of Severe XXXX due to Tuberous Ossification of Ligamentum Flavum.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic myelopathy']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Myelopathy']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with chronic @entity951 despite surgical and medical therapy were treated with an improved system of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) (1 hour daily for a total of 36 hours). @entity1 underwent a baseline treadmill thallium-201 stress test. After EECP treatment, a thallium stress test was repeated for the same exercise duration. One week after treatment, @entity1 also underwent a maximal stress test. All @entity1 improved in anginal symptoms and generally decreased antianginal medications, with 16 obtaining complete relief from @entity951 . Pre- and post-thallium stress testing performed for the same duration showed complete resolution of @entity63 in 12 @entity1 (67%), reduction in the area of @entity63 in 2 (11%), and no change in 4 (22%). Thus, a decrease in @entity741 was observed in 14 @entity1 (78%; p less than 0.01). The exercise duration of maximal stress testing after EECP significantly improved from 8.14 +/- 0.71 to 9.72 +/- 0.77 minutes (p less than 0.005), although the double product did not change significantly. Analysis of these 2 tests in the subgroup of 14 @entity1 with improvement in thallium studies showed significant increases in both exercise duration (8.58 +/- 0.66 to 10.44 +/- 0.59 minutes; p less than 0.001) and double product (21,827 +/- 2,044 to 24,842 +/- 1,707 mm Hg.beats/min; p less than 0.01). The improvement in reperfusion defects and increase in exercise duration are reflections of improved perfusion to ischemic regions of the myocardium. EECP uses additional thigh balloons and sequenced balloon inflation, effecting a significant increase in diastolic augmentation over previously available methods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy of enhanced external counterpulsation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic defects', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina pectoris']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the penetration of @entity5505 ( @entity8353 ) into prostatic tissue (P) and serum (S). Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity1067 took part in this study. @entity8353 was administered intravenously at a dose of 1g preoperatively. Blood samples were taken simultaneously at the time of tissue sampling by transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups. In group 1 (twelve @entity1 ), intravenous injection of the drug was given 60 minutes before tissue sampling. The mean concentrations of @entity8353 were 23.4 +/- 7.4 micrograms/g in the prostatic tissue and 45.0 +/- 15.9 micrograms/ml in the serum. In group 2 (thirteen @entity1 ), the injections were given 120 minutes before tissue sampling. The mean concentrations of @entity8353 were 18.0 +/- 8.2 micrograms/g in the prostatic tissue and 39.8 +/- 21.3 micrograms/ml in the serum. In group 3 (twelve @entity1 ), the injections were given 240 minutes before tissue sampling. The mean concentrations of @entity8353 were 11.3 +/- 3.2 micrograms/g in the prostatic tissue and 22.3 +/- 9.6 micrograms/ml in the serum. These findings indicate that @entity8353 is useful for the treatment of @entity1069 and preventive medication before TUR-P.

title: [ @entity5505 concentration in XXXX prostatic tissue and serum following intravenous injection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the presence of macular holes (MHs) in very highly @entity735 in the absence of visual symptoms. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. @entity1 : Three hundred eighty-three eyes from 383 @entity1 (mean age, 51.70+/-12.73 years) affected by very high @entity1714 (between -14 and -32 diopters [D]), with no visual disturbance such as metamorphopsia and with visual acuity (VA) of >0.2 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, were considered in the study. They were evaluated at baseline and every 6 months during a mean total period of 30.2+/-0.5 months (range, 28.3-32.1). METHODS: Evaluation of macular morphology by optical coherence tomography (OCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in OCT macular morphology ascribed to the presence of an @entity8176 . RESULTS: Macular holes were detected by OCT in 24 of 383 (6.26%) @entity735 . These MHs were defined as asymptomatic (AMHs). The presence of AMHs was more prevalent (although not significantly when compared with the overall study population) in myopic @entity1 younger than 50 years and with concomitant @entity1714 of >-20 D. Posterior vitreous schisis was the most frequent vitreous modification associated with AMH (18/24 eyes [75.0%]). During follow-up, a decrease in VA was observed in 5 of 24 (20.8%) AMH eyes due to the @entity66 or to posterior @entity1713 , leading to the development of a symptomatic @entity8176 . Greater degree of @entity1714 and younger age were associated with the evolution of the @entity1020 , consisting of an enlargement of the @entity8176 and/or the onset of a macular detachment. CONCLUSIONS: A small percentage (6.26%) of highly @entity735 may develop an @entity8176 in the absence of visual symptoms. The absence of symptoms could be related to the localization of the hole in a juxtafoveal area. Its evolution in a symptomatic @entity8176 seems to be related to the presence of epiretinal tissue, younger age, and the degree of @entity1714 .

title: Prevalence of asymptomatic macular holes in highly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular disease']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['myopic eyes']


abstract: @entity1800 may trigger immune complex @entity631 via Toll-like receptors (TLR), as certain TLR trigger immunity upon recognition of viral nucleic acids. On the basis of previous findings regarding viral double-stranded RNA and @entity15905 in experimental @entity1252 , a similar role for @entity6439 that recognizes viral single-stranded RNA was hypothesized. Immunostaining of kidney sections of nephritic MRLlpr/lpr @entity19 revealed @entity6439 expression in infiltrating ER-HR3-positive macrophages and few @entity11805 -positive dendritic cells but not in glomerular mesangial cells as observed for @entity15905 . This finding was consistent with the distribution pattern of intravenously injected single-stranded RNA in nephritic MRLlpr/lpr @entity19 . @entity6439 ligation activated monocytes and dendritic cells, both isolated from MRLlpr/lpr @entity19 , to secrete @entity12419 , IL-12p70, @entity777 , and @entity1750 . In vivo, a single injection of the @entity6439 ligand imiquimod increased serum levels of IL-12p70, @entity12419 , and @entity777 . A course of 25 microg of imiquimod given every other day from week 16 to 18 of age aggravated @entity1988 in MRLlpr/lpr @entity19 . This was associated with increased glomerular immune complex deposits as well as interstitial expression of @entity1750 in imiquimod-treated MRLlpr/lpr @entity19 . Different types of viral nucleic acids seem to modulate systemic @entity792 through specific interactions with their respective TLR. Different TLR expression profiles on immune cell subsets and nonimmune parenchymal cell types determine the molecular mechanisms involved in @entity1800 -associated exacerbation of @entity1988 and possibly other types of immune complex @entity631 .

title: @entity6439 modulates immune complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Induced @entity101 is commonly used to improve cerebral perfusion, but this treatment may have the deleterious side effect of raising @entity428 ( @entity428 ). We tested the hypothesis that dynamic pressure autoregulation testing could identify @entity1 who might develop @entity428 during induced @entity101 . METHODS: Twenty-two studies were performed in 21 @entity1 . Baseline dynamic testing of autoregulation by cuff deflation and carotid compression techniques was performed. After @entity2647 was infused to increase mean arterial pressure by 20 to 30 mm Hg, cuff deflation tests were repeated. RESULTS: The average increase in mean arterial pressure was 32.2 +/- 16.1 mm Hg. This increase was accompanied by increased flow velocity (P < 0.001), brain tissue @entity4095 (P = 0.011), and regional cerebral blood flow (P = 0.008). Also, dynamic pressure autoregulation consistently improved (P = 0.015). Induced @entity101 caused @entity428 ( @entity428 ) in 12 @entity1 and a decrease in @entity428 (dICP) in 9. Baseline jugular venous @entity26 saturation in the @entity428 group was 82 +/- 10% compared with 70 +/- 10% in dICP @entity1 (P = 0.02). Baseline dynamic autoregulatory index for the cuff deflation tests (1.8 +/- 1.4) and baseline transient hyperemic response ratio for the carotid compression tests (1.11 +/- 0.07) were significantly lower in @entity428 @entity1 (dICP group: autoregulatory index 3.2 +/- 1.7, P = 0.06; transient hyperemic response ratio 1.26 +/- 0.11, P = 0.009). Flow velocity increased more with the increase in blood pressure in the @entity428 group than in the dICP group: 19.0 +/- 6.8 cm/s versus 10.2 +/- 6.3 cm/s (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The @entity1 who had an increase in @entity428 with induced @entity101 had a greater degree of @entity73 and induced @entity101 resulted in a greater increase in flow velocity.

title: Intracranial pressure response to induced XXXX : role of dynamic pressure autoregulation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'iICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'increased ICP']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of autoregulation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity91 is one of the most common @entity2122 encountered in clinical genetics practice, with an overall incidence of 1 in 2,500. Between 30% and 70% of syndromic craniosynostoses are caused by mutations in hotspots in the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) genes or in the @entity8945 gene with the difference in detection rates likely to be related to different study populations within craniofacial centers. Here we present results from molecular testing of an Australia and New Zealand cohort of 630 individuals with a diagnosis of @entity91 . Data were obtained by Sanger sequencing of @entity7167 , @entity7991 , and @entity2557 hotspot exons and the @entity8945 gene, as well as copy number detection of @entity8945 . Of the 630 probands, there were 231 who had one of 80 distinct mutations (36%). Among the 80 mutations, 17 novel sequence variants were detected in three of the four genes screened. In addition to the proband cohort there were 96 individuals who underwent predictive or prenatal testing as part of family studies. @entity154 consistent with the known @entity7167 -3/ @entity8945 -associated syndromes were predictive for mutation detection. We also show a statistically significant association between splice site mutations in @entity7991 and a clinical diagnosis of @entity8257 , more severe clinical phenotypes associated with @entity7991 exon 10 versus exon 8 mutations, and more frequent surgical procedures in the presence of a pathogenic mutation. Targeting gene hot spot areas for mutation analysis is a useful strategy to maximize the success of molecular diagnosis for individuals with @entity91 .

title: Genotype and clinical care correlations in XXXX : findings from a cohort of 630 Australian and New Zealand patients.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial disorders']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Craniosynostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcome of revising vascular access related @entity439 (VARAs) to salvage dialysis access. METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive hemodialysis @entity1 (mean age 67.6 years, range: 32-89 years) who presented with true or false VARA and underwent surgery between January 2006 and February 2011 were enrolled in this study, and comprised 11 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 . @entity439 were true in 21 @entity1 and false in five; native @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) were reported in 23, including one infected native @entity2849 , and arteriovenous prosthetic grafts (AVGs) in three. The mean @entity439 diameter was 29.8    8.0 mm, ranging from 18 to 50 mm. Indications of surgical intervention were @entity158 , rapid enlargement of the @entity439 , and AVF failure due to @entity850 . Surgical revision was performed by resection of VARA and concomitant creation of a new proximal arteriovenous @entity254 in 18 @entity1 . RESULTS: Two @entity439 were @entity397 by blunt dissection; however, @entity548 did not occur due to prior clamping of the inflow artery without hemodynamic compromise. VARA plication was performed in one case in which severe calcified VARA could not be incised. No significant complications were reported, except for delayed wound @entity446 in three @entity1 and @entity1897 in five. The postoperative course was uneventful without hospital mortality in all @entity1 with VARA. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical management of VARAs is likely to become an acceptable procedure to salvage dialysis access and consistently maintain AVF or AVG function.

title: Surgical management of vascular access related XXXX to salvage dialysis access: case report and a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['minor peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['local pain']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The respiratory system is a complex network of many cell types, including subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells that work together to maintain steady-state respiration. Owing to limitations in acquiring cells from healthy @entity1 lung, these subsets remain poorly characterized transcriptionally and phenotypically. We set out to systematically identify these subsets in @entity1 airways by developing a schema of isolating large numbers of cells by whole-lung bronchoalveolar lavage. Six subsets of phagocytic APC (HLA-DR(+)) were consistently observed. Aside from alveolar macrophages, subsets of @entity9184 (+), @entity4897 (-) @entity5750 (+), @entity4897 (+) @entity5750 (+), @entity4897 (+) @entity5750 (-), and @entity4897 (-) @entity5750 (-) cells were identified. These subsets varied in their ability to internalize @entity526 , @entity794 , and @entity6192 particles. All subsets were more efficient at internalizing @entity16330 and @entity6192 compared with @entity526 Alveolar macrophages and @entity5750 (+) cells were overall more efficient at particle internalization compared with the four other populations. Subsets were further separated into two groups based on their inherent capacities to upregulate surface @entity8730 , @entity2937 , and @entity9350 expression levels. Whole-genome transcriptional profiling revealed a clade of "true dendritic cells" consisting of @entity9184 (+), @entity4897 (+) @entity5750 (+), and @entity4897 (+) @entity5750 (-) cells. The dendritic cell clade was distinct from a macrophage/monocyte clade, as supported by higher mRNA expression levels of several dendritic cell-associated genes, including @entity4897 , @entity7801 , @entity9173 , and @entity14284 Each clade, and each member of both clades, was discerned by specific upregulated genes, which can serve as markers for future studies in healthy and diseased states.

title: Transcriptional Classification and Functional Characterization of XXXX Airway Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subsets.

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus anthracis', 'B. anthracis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary angioplasty (pPCI) is the most effective reperfusion treatment of acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ), but logistic- and organization-related problems could affect the outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the in-hospital outcome according to reperfusion strategy in the Veneto Region cardiology network. METHODS: A treatment protocol, aimed to treat @entity1 with high-risk @entity583 by pPCI on-site or after transport, was developed and shared by the majority of cardiology departments in the Veneto Region. Data of all consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 were prospectively recorded during a 6-month period. RESULTS: 999 @entity1 with symptom onset < 12 hours were admitted to the 28 participating hospitals: 860 were treated on-site and 139 were transferred from the admitting hospital to an interventional center for PCI. Overall, 82% of @entity1 were treated with reperfusion therapy. Ten @entity1 died immediately before any treatment could be initiated. In 170 @entity1 who did not receive any reperfusion treatment, in 302 @entity1 who received fibrinolysis (and eventually rescue PCI) and in 517 @entity1 sent to pPCI, the following in-hospital outcome was observed respectively: mortality rate 10, 6.95 and 6.57%; reinfarction rate 0.6, 1 and 0.4%; incidence of @entity64 1.7, 1.4 and 0.9%; the need for urgent revascularization procedure 6.5, 10 and 2.3%. After adjustment for confounding variables, the in-hospital occurrence of the combined events was significantly lower in @entity1 treated with pP-CI (odds ratio 0.33, confidence interval 0.20-0.53, p < 0.01) as well as a trend for a reduced in-hospital mortality was observed (odds ratio 0.51, confidence interval 0.26-1.03, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: In the VENERE registry, @entity1 treated with pPCI had a better in-hospital outcome as compared to those treated with fibrinolytic strategy.

title: [Impact of reperfusion strategies on in-hospital outcome in @entity583 in a context of interhospital network: data from the prospective VENERE registry (VENEto acute XXXX REgistry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (a7 @entity6786 ), a ligand-gated ion channel, is increasingly emerging as a new @entity5 target owing to its expression specificity and significancy for @entity5 . In an attempt to increase the targeted drug delivery to the a7 @entity6786 -overexpressing @entity5 , herein, a-conotoxin ImI, a @entity1520 -rich toxin with highly affinity for a7 @entity6786 , was modified on the @entity970 -DSPE micelles (ImI-PMs) for the first time. The DLS, TEM and HPLC detections showed the spherical nanoparticle morphology about 20  nm with negative charge and high drug encapsulation. The ligand modification did not induce significant differences. The immunofluorescence assay confirmed the expression level of a7 @entity6786 in MCF-7 cells. In  vitro and in  vivo experiments demonstrated that the a7 @entity6786 -targeted nanomedicines could deliver more specifically and faster into a7 @entity6786 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, @entity3576 /AM fluorescence imaging technique indicated that the increased specificity was attributed to the ligand-receptor interaction, and the inducitivity for intracellular @entity141 transient by ImI was still remained after modification. Moreover, @entity1311 , a clinical frequently-used anti- @entity5 drug for @entity0 , was loaded in ImI-modified nanomedicines to evaluate the targeting efficacy. Besides of exhibiting greater @entity137 and inducing more cell apoptosis in  vitro, @entity1311 -loaded ImI-PMs displayed stronger anti- @entity5 efficacy in MCF-7 @entity5 -bearing nu/nu @entity19 . Finally, the active targeting system showed low systemic @entity137 and myelosuppression evidenced by less changes in body weight, white blood cells, neutrophilic granulocyte and platelet counts. In conclusion, a7 @entity6786 is also a promising target for anti- @entity5 drug delivery and in this case, a-conotoxin ImI-modified nanocarrier is a potential delivery system for targeting a7 @entity6786 -overexpressing @entity5 .

title: The use of a-conotoxin ImI to actualize the targeted delivery of XXXX micelles to a7 @entity6786 -overexpressing @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: This study was a retrospective analysis of 82 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity189 , who were treated at Keio University Hospital from March 1983 to March 1993. We studied all cases(62% of them were stage IV) with regard to their prognostic factors and chronic side effects induced by radiation. All @entity1 were received extended-field radiotherapy from the base of the skull to the supraclavicular lymph node area. The five- and ten-year overall survival rates for the entire group were 59% and 49%, respectively. Three stage I @entity1 were alive without recurrence or @entity3 for more than 5 years. The ten-year survival rate stage II-III for @entity1 (23 @entity1 ) was 78%, and for stage IV (56 @entity1 ) 37%. The five-year survival rate of @entity1 in T2-3 group without lymph node @entity3 was 88%, while it was reduced to 55% for @entity1 with @entity3 . The prognosis of T4 @entity1 was very poor: their five-year survival rate was 37% with lymph node @entity3 , and 35%, without lymph node @entity3 . @entity1 under 46 years old showed an increased survival rate compared with @entity1 over 46 years old. @entity1 who completed less than 52 days of radiation therapy found to have a better prognosis than those receiving radiation for a longer period. Our multivariate analysis indicated that age, radiation period and N-factor were statistically significant in influencing prognosis. @entity393 occurred relatively high with 20% of cumulative incidence in our study, probably because they received radiation therapy with the extended field including bilateral middle and inner ear. Extended-field radiotherapy for @entity1 with @entity189 might contribute to improving their cure-rate, and precise radiation planning is warranted to avoid the late complications such as @entity393 .

title: [Prognostic factors of XXXX treated by radiotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity170 induced by glucocorticoid (GIOP) on bone tissue of @entity35 with experimental @entity2521 (EP). DESIGN: 48 male @entity35 divided into groups: Na  ve, EP, GIOP and GIOP+EP. @entity35 of GIOP and GIOP+EP groups received 7mg/kg of @entity619 intramuscularly once a week for 5 weeks. Following, EP and GIOP+EP groups were subjected to ligature-induced @entity2521 . Na  ve group experienced no manipulation. After 11 days, the animals were euthanized and left maxillae collected for macroscopic, radiographic, micro-tomographic and microscopic analysis of @entity604 ( @entity604 ). Blood samples were collected for determination of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels and the right femurs were removed for radiographic and biomechanical analysis. RESULTS: EP caused @entity604 and reduced BALP levels (p<0,05), but it did not change the architecture or biomechanics of femur, compared to @entity4024  ve. GIOP did not cause @entity604 , but it significantly decreased @entity604 ( @entity604 ), bone percentage and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and @entity79 (p<0.05) and significantly reduced BALP serum levels, as well as radiographic density and Young's module of femur, compared to Na  ve. There was a greater @entity604 in group GIOP+EP when compared to EP (p<0.05). GIOP+EP caused a greater decrease on @entity604 , Tb.Th, bone percentage and increased bone porosity (p<0.05) and also presented a significant reduction in BALP levels (p<0.05), in radiographic density and in Young's module of femur compared to EP (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GIOP can potentiate the destructive effects of EP on alveolar bone and alter the systemic @entity604 , by promoting bone resorption and reducing osteoblast activity.

title: Effects of glucocorticoid-induced @entity170 on bone tissue of @entity35 with experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'ABL', 'alveolar bone mineral density', 'bone loss', 'ABMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['increased alveolar bone porosity']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Wistar rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To undertake a review of the most recent data on the relationship between quality of life (QoL) and @entity1118 , as a basis for discussions about healthy aging in Europe. METHOD: A search was conducted to obtain studies on the relationship between @entity158 severity and QoL and intervention studies reporting both QoL and @entity158 severity in those with @entity1118 in Europe. Medline and Embase were searched for observational studies and systematic reviews from 2009 to 2011. Four further databases were searched for systematic reviews and guidance from 2005 to 2011. Update searches for observational studies and systematic reviews for the period November 2011 to January 2013 were performed on Medline and Embase. RESULTS: We identified 8 observational studies and 1 systematic review that generally showed a statistically significant relationship between @entity158 severity and QoL. We identified 5 systematic reviews of interventions in @entity1118 that summarized both @entity158 and QoL data that generally showed both a statistically significant reduction in @entity158 and statistically significant increase in QoL. CONCLUSION: There is strong evidence of a correlation between @entity158 severity and QoL. There is some evidence that treatment in @entity1118 @entity1 can reduce @entity158 and simultaneously improve QoL. Prevention and treatment of @entity1118 may be of significant help in reaching the aim to increase the healthy lifespan.

title: Healthy aging in relation to XXXX and quality of life in europe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity397 rates are decreased when a strict diagnostic algorithm is employed in the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected ectopic pregnancy as compared to individualized diagnostic methods. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1994 and 1996, a group of investigators at Charleston Area Medical Center employed a strict diagnostic algorithm consisting of serum quantitative @entity1 @entity1465 levels, @entity1420 levels, ultrasound and endometrial curettage in order to expedite diagnosis when ectopic pregnancy was suspected (group A @entity1 ). Other practitioners employed traditional criteria in similar clinical situations (group B @entity1 ). Medical records of @entity1 diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy in this period were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory characteristics, and rate of @entity397 were compared. RESULTS: Sixty-one of 122 @entity1 were diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy by strict criteria. These @entity1 did not differ significantly from those evaluated by an individualized approach in regard to age, gravidity, parity or risk factors for ectopic pregnancy. Menstrual age, @entity1465 levels and @entity1420 levels were similar as well. Group A @entity1 had a median diagnostic interval of 2 days, with a range of 0-16. Group B @entity1 had a median diagnostic interval of 8 days, with a range of 0-44 (P < .001). Of @entity1 evaluated by this strict algorithm, 3.3% experienced @entity397 as compared to 23% of @entity1 in group B (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Use of a strict diagnostic algorithm in the evaluation of @entity1 with suspected ectopic pregnancy resulted in decreased @entity397 rates. Such an algorithm could be disseminated to all locations for triage of @entity1 and use in a standardized manner. This practice could result in a reduction in loss of reproductive function and mortality secondary to ectopic pregnancy.

title: Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Does use of a strict algorithm decrease the incidence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tubal rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['tubal rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are considered neoplastic precursors of @entity356 and are both marked by gene expression alterations in comparison to normal stomach. Since miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, we sought to investigate the role of miRNAs on the development of stomach metaplasias. DESIGN: We performed miRNA profiling using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach on laser capture microdissected @entity1 @entity1944 and SPEM. Data integration of the miRNA profile with a previous mRNA profile from the same samples was performed to detect potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. Transfection of @entity356 cell lines with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors was used to evaluate their effects on the expression of putative targets and additional metaplasia markers. RESULTS: We identified several genes as potential targets of miRNAs altered during metaplasia progression. We showed evidence that HNF4y (upregulated in @entity1944 ) is targeted by @entity11216 -30 and that @entity11216 -194 targets a known co-regulator of @entity5907 activity, @entity14373 (downregulated in @entity1944 ). Intestinal metaplasia markers such as @entity56046 , @entity3560 and @entity3561 were downregulated after overexpression of @entity15073 in a HNF4y-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of HNF4y was sufficient to induce the expression of @entity56046 and this effect was potentiated by downregulation of @entity14373 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay of the two transcription factors HNF4y and @entity14373 and their coordinate regulation by @entity11216 -30 and @entity11216 -194, respectively, represent a miRNA to transcription factor network responsible for the expression of intestinal transcripts in stomach cell lineages during the development of @entity1944 .

title: @entity11216 -30-HNF4y and @entity11216 -194- XXXX regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14373 :: (7026,Gene) :: ['NR2F2']


abstract: The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities is frequently associated with poor outcomes in @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). No clear role has been defined for cardiac biomarkers in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 (AECOPD). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic value of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) and troponins in @entity1 with AECOPD. Two independent authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library to collect clinical trials, observational studies and meta-analyses studying the prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers in AECOPD. The reference lists of all the included studies were also reviewed. A total of 14 studies were included in the review, of which 10 measured troponins, 7 measured @entity3876 or NT-proBNP, and 3 measured both. Of the studies that used mortality in AECOPD as an end point, some but not all found that elevated @entity3876 and/or troponins were associated with increased mortality. Of the studies that used left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in AECOPD as an end point, all found a significant association between elevated @entity3876 and troponins in the diagnosis of @entity1002 . In summary, it appears that there may be a link between an elevated level of @entity3876 or NT-proBNP and increased @entity65 in AECOPD, although the data currently available are not conclusive. The inconsistencies in biomarkers measured, time points of measurements and the variability in outcome measured preclude more robust analysis.

title: The role of cardiac biomarkers for predicting XXXX and @entity65 in acute exacerbations of @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth before 37 weeks' gestation is associated with 70% of perinatal morbidity and nearly half of long-term @entity16 . Hospital-based studies have shown that @entity6981 is associated with @entity600 . AIM: To estimate the relative risk of @entity600 in @entity1 with and without @entity6981 , detected by self-administered vaginal swab at < 10 weeks' gestation. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Thirty-two general practices and five family planning clinics in South London. @entity1 : A total of 1216 @entity1 with @entity6981 status established before 10 weeks' gestation, by analysis of Gram stained vaginal smears by two independent observers. METHOD: All @entity1 who did not miscarry or have a termination of pregnancy before 16 weeks' gestation were sent a brief confidential questionnaire at 16 weeks and at term asking about pregnancy outcome. Data on non-responders were obtained by searches of hospital and general practice records and by telephone calls to @entity1 . RESULTS: Ascertainment was 87% (937/1072). The mean age of the @entity1 was 31 years. Thirteen per cent (122/925) had @entity6981 and 5% (44/897) had a spontaneous @entity600 . The relative risk (RR) of @entity600 in @entity1 with @entity6981 was 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4 to 2.2). However, @entity6981 was associated with late miscarriage at 13-23 weeks (R = 4.0, 95%CI = 1.3 to 12.1). Preterm birth was not associated with previous @entity600 , black ethnicity, age < 20 years, low social class, single marital status, or @entity281 . However, it was more common in @entity1 who reported smoking in pregnancy (RR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.5 to 5.5). Of 867 responders, 552 (64%) said that providing a vaginal swab was at least as easy as providing a urine specimen. CONCLUSIONS: In this low-risk community-based cohort, @entity6981 was not a strong risk factor for @entity600 .

title: XXXX : a prospective community-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydial infection']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial vaginosis']

answer: @entity6981 :: (MESH:D016585,Disease) :: ['Bacterial vaginosis and preterm birth']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the efficacy of a single injection of 0.25% @entity1341 in the psoas compartment or inguinal paravascular for @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing orthopedic surgeries using a peripheral nerve stimulator. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 who had a lumbar @entity616 through the psoas compartment were compared to 100 @entity1 who had an inguinal @entity616 , using a peripheral nerve stimulator, with 40 mL of 0.25% @entity1341 . The @entity1337 of the ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, and obturator nerves was assessed 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours after the end of the surgical procedure. @entity158 severity was also evaluated in the same period. The amount of opioids administered in the postoperative period was recorded. A radiological study with non-ionic contrast was done in five @entity1 in each group to evaluate the dispersion of the anesthetic. RESULTS: The ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral, and obturator nerves were blocked in 92% of the @entity1 with psoas compartment block versus 62% in those with inguinal @entity616 . Lumbar @entity616 reduced the need for opioids, and 42% of the @entity1 who underwent psoas compartment block and 36% of the @entity1 who underwent inguinal @entity616 did not need additional analgesics in the postoperative period. Analgesia lasted for approximately 21 hours in the psoas compartment block and 15 hours in the inguinal @entity616 . CONCLUSIONS: Psoas compartment block and inguinal @entity616 are excellent techniques for @entity86 in orthopedic surgeries, decreasing the need for opioids. This study showed that the injection in the psoas compartment was easier and more effective in blocking the five nerves of the lumbar plexus.

title: [Postoperative XXXX for orthopedic surgeries of the hip and femur: a comparison between psoas compartment and inguinal @entity616 .].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus block', 'paravascular block']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a new non-invasive ultrasound technique that enables quantitative assessment of regional myocardial wall motion. A previous study of survivors of childhood @entity5 demonstrated abnormalities of regional diastolic @entity854 many years after treatment with @entity8253 . The purpose of the present study was to investigate this phenomenon during and shortly after treatment. PROCEDURE: A total of 60 @entity1 , age range 4.4-16.0 years, were included in this study: 43 early survivors, with a mean follow-up duration of 2.1 (range 0.3-5.2) years from end of @entity4349 treatment, were evaluated retrospectively. Seventeen other @entity1 were evaluated before, during, and 6 months after the end of @entity4349 therapy. All @entity1 received moderate cumulative doses of @entity8253 (range 120-450 mg/m2). Echocardiographic examination was performed using standardized conventional and TDI techniques. RESULTS: Of the early survivors, 26 (60%) demonstrated regional LV free @entity854 . In the prospective group, serial echocardiographic studies revealed three @entity1 (18%) with regional abnormalities of LV free wall motion before starting chemotherapy, but 14 (82%) at the end of treatment. Six months later, however, the incidence decreased to 61% of the survivors. Subject and treatment characteristics, as well as LV wall diameters and fractional shortening were not significantly different for @entity1 with or without free @entity854 . Regional @entity854 were also seen in the interventricular septum, although this was less frequent. CONCLUSIONS: Regional diastolic @entity854 are common during and shortly after @entity8253 therapy but may be transient. The authors recommend simultaneous use of both conventional echocardiography _ TDI for the monitoring of @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Regional cardiac XXXX during and shortly after @entity8253 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['wall motion abnormalities']


abstract: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity137 were seen in a 2-yr period at a university medical center. Five (33%) @entity1 had severe @entity177 and underwent hemodynamic monitoring before and during infusion of @entity452 ( @entity452 ). Three distinct hemodynamic stages were identified. Initially there was a hyperdynamic cardiovascular state with a high cardiac index (5.5 +/- 0.9 L/min X m2, mean +/- SEM), normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure (11.5 +/- 1.5 mm Hg), and low mean blood pressure (66 +/- 5 mm Hg). The second stage (decompensated) revealed @entity296 with decreased left ventricular fractional shortening. Serial two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms performed on two @entity1 showed left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters at the upper limits of normal. The mean blood pressure recorded for all five @entity1 was essentially unchanged; however, cardiac index decreased to 3.1 +/- 0.4 L/min X m2 and wedge pressure increased to 17.5 +/- 2.1 mm Hg. This decompensated stage responded to iv infusion of @entity452 by an increase in cardiac index to 5.4 +/- 0.5 L/min X m2, a decrease in wedge pressure to 11.0 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, and an increase in mean blood pressure to 100 +/- 10 mm Hg. During recovery, echocardiograms returned to normal. All five @entity1 developed severe adult @entity649 . All had reversible ECG findings of @entity7129 , diffuse loss of voltage, flattened T waves and diffuse nonspecific ST-T wave changes. Our findings suggest a reversible @entity137 as the cause of @entity177 in @entity137 . Our experience suggests inotropic support with @entity452 is beneficial in selected cases.

title: @entity177 in @entity137 : effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic cardiomyopathy', 'toxic shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine', 'dobutamine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: @entity1 monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) generated with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity3646 express @entity6823 ( @entity6823 ), the receptor for @entity6824 ( @entity6824 ). Expression of @entity6823 on monocyte-derived DC has been interpreted as the susceptibility of these cells to @entity6824 -induced macrophage development. We show here that homogeneous cultures of @entity5750 DC constitutively produced large amounts of @entity6824 . However, presence of @entity6824 neither induced macrophage development nor did it prevent terminal maturation into @entity8730 + DC. @entity6824 production by DC was driven by @entity2841 and inhibited by the specific @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor @entity2307 . @entity6824 synthesis was rapidly induced during the first 24 h of DC culture and then declined during the 5-day culture period. Replating of the cells, which was associated by a transient adherence, always induced a strong up-regulation of @entity6824 synthesis. Addition of recombinant @entity688 to DC cultures enhanced @entity6823 expression and induced macrophage development as measured by the strong up-regulation of @entity5750 expression as well as by enhanced expression of the Fcgamma receptors I, II, and III ( @entity10685 , @entity222 , @entity4071 ). Our data demonstrate that immature monocyte-derived DC produce @entity6824 which does not induce macrophage development, despite the surface expression of @entity6823 on DC. @entity688 appears to induce macrophage development by up-regulating @entity6823 and, thereby, enhancing the sensitivity of the cells to endogenously produced @entity6824 .

title: XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells produce macrophage colony-stimulating factor: enhancement of @entity6823 expression by @entity688 .

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To localize the cortical area where the anticonvulsive drug @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) exerts its effect in @entity1 with @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ). METHODS: In a prior study we investigated 15 @entity3762 @entity1 in the untreated condition and compared their low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) results to a normal control group. The investigation of these @entity1 was continued in the present study. All the 15 @entity1 were treated with @entity2052 and were followed by the authors. EEG was recorded after 3 months of @entity2052 treatment in the @entity410 -free @entity1 . A total of 2min of 19-channels, common reference-recorded, waking-relaxed background activity (without paroxysmal and other, non-stationary elements) was analyzed. "Activity" (current density, amper/meters squared) was given in four frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta). Band-related group differences between the present LORETA results (treated condition) and the prior LORETA results (untreated condition) were computed for all the 2394 voxels by t-tests for interdependent datasets. The statistically significant (p<0.01, uncorrected) differences of activity were projected to real cortical anatomy using the Talairach Brain Atlas. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between the untreated and treated condition emerged in the delta and theta bands. @entity2052 decreased delta and theta activity in the entire frontal cortex, insula, anterior temporal cortex and hippocampus, and in the anterior part of the parietal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2052 decreased activity in parts of the cortex that display ictogenic properties and contribute to @entity410 generation in @entity3762 . Furthermore, the anatomical distribution of the drug effect exactly corresponded to the @entity2052 -related accumulation of neuroprotective proteins reported in experimental papers.

title: XXXX selectively reduces EEG activity in anterior parts of the cortex in @entity1 with @entity3762 . A low resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsy', 'IGE']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproate']


abstract: The finding of conduction block (CB) on nerve conduction studies supports the diagnosis of potentially treatable immune-mediated @entity16 . CB in a number of axons may result in reduction of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) on proximal versus distal stimulation (decrement). Decrement may also result from increased @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) as this leads to desynchronization and phase cancellation of the motor unit action potentials (MUAPs) out of which the CMAP is built up; polyphasia of MUAPs possibly yields additional decrement. To prove the occurrence of CB, decrement has to be larger than can be explained by increased @entity1315 or increased phase cancellation. This was established previously by simulations using MUAPs recorded in @entity35 assuming maximal @entity1315 . Unfortunately, criteria based on @entity1 data and criteria for nerves with limited @entity1315 are not available. In the present study, criteria for CB were derived using simulations with thenar surface recorded MUAPs affected by collateral reinnervation that were obtained in @entity1 with @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). The effect of @entity1315 on decrement was determined for a wide range of TDs in the forearm segment of the median nerve and the segment distal to this. Our criteria for CB were based on area decrement because this was less influenced by @entity1315 and more by CB than amplitude decrement. The maximal area decrement in the forearm segment increased as @entity1315 in the forearm segment increased but decreased as @entity1315 in the distal segment increased. This suggests that, when desynchronization and phase cancellation occur in the distal segment due to @entity1315 , less phase cancellation and, therefore, less decrement can occur due to @entity1315 in the forearm. The finding that duration prolongation on proximal versus distal stimulation reflected @entity1315 within the forearm segment and that distal duration reflected @entity1315 in the distal segment allowed proposal of a more flexible set of criteria for forearm segments when @entity1315 in the forearm segment is limited or @entity1315 in the distal segment is pronounced. A separate investigation showed that the maximal @entity1315 in chronic @entity2646 was within the range of our simulations, indicating that these were realistic. Our criteria were validated retrospectively in @entity1 with @entity1897 and @entity1 with @entity4681 . In the forearm segment of the median nerve, our criteria were more sensitive and equally specific for CB as compared with criteria for CB based on the study using @entity35 . Our criteria have to be evaluated prospectively.

title: Criteria for conduction block based on computer simulation studies of nerve conduction with XXXX data obtained in the forearm segment of the median nerve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['lower motor neurone disease', 'LMND']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal motor neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal dispersion', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity2646 :: ('MESH:D020277', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1082 ) is considered as the major etiological agent for development of @entity5 but alone is not sufficient enough. So, other environmental factors and host genetic background may play an important role in the development of @entity5 . HPV carries a minimal amount of structural and regulatory proteins so it is apparently dependent on its host for survival. NF-kB/IkB system plays an important regulatory role in the apoptotic pathway. In the present study, a total of 575 consecutive subjects including 285 cases (45 cervical pre-cancerous and 240 invasive @entity2622 ) and 290 age- and ethnicity-matched controls recruited from Lok Nayak Jai Prakash Hospital and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi between July 2009 to July 2013 were genotyped for @entity2451 -94 insertion/deletion ( @entity15074 ) and @entity4284 3'-UTR2758A > G ( @entity60179 ) polymorphism by PCR-RFLP followed by sequencing. We observed a positive association of @entity2451 -94 insertion/insertion (II) and @entity4284 3'-UTR 2758 GG genotypes with the progression of @entity2622 . @entity5 @entity1 were found more pronounce to be a carrier of II + GG genotype of both the SNPs. We also noticed that @entity1083 postmenopausal @entity1 having higher parity along with the history of @entity286 consumption and who carries insertion allele of @entity2451 -94 polymorphism in association of GG genotype of @entity4284 3'-UTR polymorphism, were more susceptible to develop @entity2622 . II + GG genotype together were found to have direct proportionality with the @entity146 . In conclusion, alteration in the gene map of @entity2451 / @entity4284 helps in the progression of @entity5 accompanied by @entity1083 in postmenopausal @entity1 from rural residential setup who had higher parity along with history of @entity286 consumption.

title: XXXX / @entity4284 polymorphisms are associated with the progression of @entity2622 in @entity1083 postmenopausal @entity1 from rural area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection', 'HPV-infected']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['NFKB1']


abstract: The present study was aimed at delineating the neocortical substrate of tactile/proprioceptive limb placing reactions in @entity35 by means of behavioral tests that excluded the participation of facial stimuli in limb function. Using a photochemical technique, we made unilateral focal lesions in the frontal and parietal neocortex. Fore- and/or @entity51 resulted from damage to a fronto-parietal region lying between the medial agranular cortex and the primary somatosensory (whisker barrel field) cortex. When the antero-posterior coordinate was varied from 4 mm anterior to 1 mm posterior to bregma, tactile/proprioceptive forelimb dysfunction was more pronounced after damage to the parietal forelimb area, but lesions confined to the frontal lateral agranular cortex also yielded clear-cut forelimb placing deficits. Damage to either area alone allowed for partial recovery of forelimb function. However, following combined, total destruction of both frontal and parietal forelimb areas, @entity51 did not recover. This resembled the irreversible @entity51 after near-total destruction of the parietal hindlimb area. Damage to the medial agranular cortex left limb placing intact. Likewise, for as long as the medial edge of lesions to the whisker barrel field did not come closer than 3 mm to the midline, thus remaining outside the parietal hindlimb area, limb placing remained normal. This sharp medial and lateral delineation of the cortical substrate subserving tactile/proprioceptive limb placing coincides with the borders of a thick, dense subfield of large pyramidal neurons in the deeper parts of layer V. Limb placing remained intact when medial agranular cortex lesions damaged only 30% of that subfield, whereas 70% destruction of that layer following more laterally placed lesions in the parietal hindlimb area produced irreversible @entity409 . The severity of @entity51 was related to the amount of incursion by whisker barrel field lesions into the subfield of deep layer V large pyramidal neurons. Finally, very large lesions of the occipital cortex did not affect tactile/proprioceptive limb placing. We discuss the neocortical areal and laminar specificity of tactile/proprioceptive limb function in the context of recent neuroanatomical and electrophysiological findings, and their relevance to normal cortical function, recovery from neocortical @entity64 (including diaschisis), and age-related @entity409 .

title: Neocortical localization of tactile/proprioceptive limb placing reactions in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['forelimb deficits', 'hindlimb deficits', 'hindlimb placing deficits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysfunction', 'hindlimb dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Receptor-mediated Gq signaling promotes @entity1184 growth of cultured neonatal @entity35 cardiac myocytes and is postulated to transduce in vivo cardiac pressure overload @entity1184 . Although initially compensatory, @entity1184 can proceed by unknown mechanisms to @entity712 . We used @entity281 and transgenic overexpression of the alpha subunit of Gq to autonomously activate Gq signaling in cardiomyocytes. In cultured cardiac myocytes, overexpression of wild-type @entity14205 resulted in @entity1184 growth. Strikingly, expression of a constitutively activated mutant of @entity14205 , which further increased Gq signaling, produced initial @entity1184 , which rapidly progressed to apoptotic cardiomyocyte @entity204 . This paradigm was recapitulated during pregnancy in @entity14205 overexpressing @entity19 and in @entity19 expressing high levels of wild-type @entity14205 . The consequence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was a transition from compensated @entity1184 to a rapidly progressive and lethal @entity296 . Progression from @entity1184 to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo was coincident with activation of @entity1995 and @entity9829 kinases. These data suggest a mechanism in which moderate levels of Gq signaling stimulate @entity1283 whereas high level Gq activation results in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The identification of a single biochemical stimulus regulating cardiomyocyte growth and @entity204 suggests a plausible mechanism for the progression of compensated @entity1184 to @entity712 .

title: Enhanced XXXX signaling: a common pathway mediates @entity1283 and @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'decompensated heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['adenoviral infection']

answer: @entity14205 :: (14682(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Galphaq']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Defective sperm quality is a significant cause of @entity249 . It is known that cigarette smoking affects semen quality. Our aim was to compare the semen of infertile cigarette smokers with infertile non-smokers to study the effect of smoking on semen quality. METHODS: Semen samples of 100 cigarette smokers and 100 strictly non-smoking primary @entity249 @entity1 were included in the study, following stringent exclusion criteria. Smokers were categorised as light, moderate and heavy smokers. Semen samples were examined for @entity19474 , @entity6660 and teratozoospermia, according to World Health Organisation guidelines. RESULTS: 39 percent of non-smokers showed normozoospermia, while only three percent of smokers were normozoospermics. Light smokers predominantly showed @entity19474 . Heavy smokers showed @entity19474 , teratozoospermia and @entity6660 . Statistical analysis using Fisher's exact test showed that the incidence of both @entity19474 (p-value is 0.0015) and @entity19474 with teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0106) among smokers was significant, in comparison to non-smokers. Overall impact of @entity19474 (p-value is less than 0.0001) and teratozoospermia (p-value is 0.0328) but not of @entity6660 was observed on the semen quality in smokers, compared with non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Asthenozoospermia, the most common semen variable in our study, can be an early indicator of reduction in quality of semen, as seen in light smokers. In addition, heavy smoking produces teratozoospermia, which further reduces semen quality. @entity6660 may be due to factors other than smoking.

title: Effect of cigarette smoking on semen quality of infertile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19474 :: ('MESH:D053627', 'Disease') :: ['isolated asthenozoospermia', 'asthenozoospermia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['Oligozoospermia', 'oligozoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study examined whether @entity944 in @entity1 with @entity1121 occurred with a particular pattern of frequency throughout the day. BACKGROUND: Previous investigators have shown a circadian distribution in the occurrence of @entity944 and other @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity944 is also an important feature of the natural history of @entity1 with @entity1121 . METHODS: The study group comprised 94 @entity1 with a time of @entity204 (or @entity1167 ) that could be ascertained accurately to the nearest hour. This hourly distribution was analyzed by harmonic regression. RESULTS: @entity944 did not occur uniformly or randomly throughout the day. Rather, it was distributed in a bimodal pattern that conformed to a two-harmonic regression model. A disproportionate number of sudden @entity204 (43 [46%] of 94) occurred in the first peak in midmorning between 7 AM and 1 PM. The second peak of @entity944 was less distinct but was in the early evening, between 8 PM and 10 PM. This periodicity in occurrence of @entity1164 was not evident for the days of the week or months of the year and, furthermore, did not appear to be influenced by other clinical variables, such as age, gender, severity of symptoms, subaortic gradient or left ventricular wall thickness. @entity944 occurred most commonly during periods of severe exertion (37 [39%] of 94). CONCLUSIONS: @entity944 in @entity1121 demonstrates a bimodal pattern of circadian variability over the 24-h day, with a prominent midmorning peak similar to that described in @entity1 with @entity453 , and a less striking early-evening peak of occurrence. These findings suggest that temporally related physiologic changes, possibly in the electrical vulnerability of the myocardial substrate, may play a role in the @entity944 of @entity1 with @entity1121 .

title: Circadian variability in the occurrence of @entity1164 in XXXX with @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'atherosclerotic coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']