abstract: OBJECTIVES: To optimize empirical treatment of @entity293 ( @entity293 ), regular evaluation of the antibiotic susceptibility of the most common uropathogen, @entity526 , is necessary. We compared the antibiotic prescription rate for @entity293 in @entity1 and the E. coli antibiotic susceptibility results, including the prevalence of extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains, in 2009 with data collected 5 years earlier. @entity1 AND METHODS: Urinary samples from female @entity1 with symptoms of uncomplicated UTI in 42 general practices were collected over a 6 month period. Uropathogens were identified and the antibiotic susceptibility of @entity526 was determined. RESULTS: We analysed 970 urine cultures, of which 785 (81%) were considered positive (>=  10(3) cfu/mL). @entity526 accounted for 72% of the isolates. ESBLs showed an increase between the two surveys (0.1% versus 1%; P < 0.001), while no difference in antibiotic susceptibility to the commonly used antimicrobial agents for @entity293 was observed. A significantly lower susceptibility rate to co-amoxiclav was observed in the eastern region of the Netherlands, as compared with the northern region (80% versus 92%; P < 0.05). Consistent with national guidelines, the prescription rate of @entity206 decreased over time (19% versus 5%; P < 0.05) whereas @entity6616 and @entity8912 rates showed an increase (58% versus 66% and 0% versus 6% respectively, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Over a 5 year period, the antibiotic susceptibility of uropathogenic @entity526 did not change in female @entity1 with uncomplicated UTI in the Netherlands, but ESBL prevalence increased. With respect to the prescription of antimicrobial agents, compliance with national UTI guidelines was good.

title: Antibiotic susceptibility of unselected uropathogenic XXXX from female Dutch general practice @entity1 : a comparison of two surveys with a 5 year interval.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: We report previously undescribed, early lesions in skeletal muscle of @entity235 experimentally infected with Hepatozoon americanum by ingestion of laboratory-reared, infected Amblyomma maculatum. The @entity121 was recognized at the first interval of examination 3 weeks following exposure. The lesion consisted of a large, modified host cell whose cytoplasm frequently contained a demonstrable parasite. In skeletal muscle, the cell was consistently located between muscle fibers or in loose connective tissue adjacent to those fibers. Evidence suggesting that the parasite arrives in muscle and other tissue within the host cell cytoplasm is presented. Mucopolysaccharide encystment of the host cell, absent at this early stage, was acquired gradually and approached maximal development 26 weeks post exposure. Completion of the asexual cycle as evidenced by the presence of parasites entering vascular lumens within @entity738 and also by the presence of gamonts in peripheral blood leukocytes, occurred within 28-32 days postexposure. Progression of the parasite cycle from meront to passage of zoites into vessel lumens of @entity738 can occur in 11 or fewer days. The density with which parasitic lesions occur in one named skeletal muscle compared to other named muscles, although somewhat variable, was not significantly different in either experimentally induced or natural @entity281 . The distribution of developmental stages of the parasite/lesion in four experimental @entity281 (969 lesions) is compared with those in eight @entity235 with natural @entity281 (557 lesions).

title: @entity235 hepatozoonosis: comparison of lesions and parasites in skeletal muscle of XXXX experimentally or naturally infected with Hepatozoon americanum.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['earliest muscle lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic efficacies and @entity137 of single-agent @entity1205 or @entity1205 plus @entity902 combination agent in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) so as to provide rationales for standard second-line chemotherapy. METHODS: The clinical data from 152 @entity1 with @entity1149 who were admitted into Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, from January 2004 to May 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty @entity1 were treated with single-agent @entity1205 (single-agent group, 16 and 24 @entity1 with stages IIIb and IV disease respectively; 32 @entity1 with PS score 0-1 before treatment and 8 @entity1 with PS score 2 before treatment), and 112 @entity1 were treated with @entity1205 plus @entity902 combination agent (combination group, 29 and 83 @entity1 with stage IIIb and IV disease respectively; 98 @entity1 with PS score 0-1 before treatment and 14 @entity1 with PS score 2 before treatment). Primary end point was overall survival (OS), and secondary end point were progression-free survival time (PFS), disease control rate (DCR), one-year survival, and @entity137 . Survival analysis was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier. Single factor analysis and Cox regression model were done to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors and the prognosis of disease. RESULTS: The median PFS of the single-agent group was 3.0 months, significantly shorter than that of the combination group (4.2 months, P = 0.048). However, no statistical differences were found in OS, DCR or one-year survival between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The most common grade 3 to 4 @entity137 were @entity1431 (32.5% for single-agent group, and 56.2% for combination group, P = 0.000), and gastro-intestinal @entity137 (0 for single-agent group, and 4.5% for combination group, P = 0.000). Single factor analysis showed that the factors including radiotherapeutic history, operative history, PS score before treatment, clinical stage, and response to second-line treatment influenced the prognosis of @entity1149 (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis demonstrated operative history (HR = 0.428, 95% CI: 0.261-0.701), PS score before treatment (HR = 1.919, 95% CI: 0.999-3.685), clinical stage (HR = 2.297, 95% CI: 1.427-3.696) and response to second-line treatment (HR = 0.318, 95% CI: 0.177-0.571) had effects on survival. CONCLUSIONS: To those well-selected @entity1 , @entity1205 plus @entity902 combination agent as the second-line treatment of advanced @entity1149 significantly prolongs the progression-free survival. But such a regimen is more toxic and does not improve the response rate and overall survival.

title: [Comparison of single-agent @entity1205 versus @entity1205 plus XXXX combination agent in second-line treatment for advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity', 'toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: The extracellular @entity462 protease from @entity4195 is a virulence factor that plays a significant role in host-pathogen interaction. Streptococcal protease is expressed as an inactive 40-kDa precursor that is autocatalytically converted into a 28-kDa mature (active) enzyme. Replacement of the single @entity462 residue involved in formation of the enzyme active site with @entity563 ( @entity33331 mutation) abolished detectable proteolytic activity and eliminated autocatalytic processing of zymogen to the mature form. In the present study, we investigated activity of the wild-type (wt) streptococcal protease toward @entity1 @entity2002 and @entity291 casein. The former is involved in @entity1003 , wound healing, and other aspects of hemostasis. Treatment with streptococcal protease resulted in degradation of the @entity1473 -terminal region of @entity2002 alpha chain, indicating that @entity2002 may serve as an important substrate for this enzyme during the course of @entity1 @entity281 . Polyclonal antibodies generated against recombinant 40- and 28-kDa (r40- and r28-kDa) forms of the @entity33331 streptococcal protease mutant exhibited high enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers but demonstrated different inhibition activities toward proteolytic action of the wt enzyme. Activity of the wt protease was readily inhibited when the reaction was carried out in the presence of antibodies generated against r28-kDa @entity33331 mutant. Antibodies produced against r40-kDa @entity33331 mutant had no significant effect on proteolysis. These data suggest that the presence of the @entity2733 -terminal prosegment prevents generation of functionally active antibodies and indicate that inhibition activity of antibodies most likely depends on their ability to bind the active-site region epitope(s) of the protein.

title: @entity2002 cleavage by the XXXX extracellular @entity462 protease and generation of antibodies that inhibit enzyme proteolytic activity.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Color duplex ultrasound (CDU) imaging is a noninvasive alternative to computed tomography (CT) for the detection of @entity1070 . This study compared CT and CDU imaging in the detection of endoleaks requiring intervention after @entity439 repair (EVAR). METHODS: All EVARs performed at our institution from 1996 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. CDU and CT scans < or =3 months were paired and the presence of an @entity1070 and its type were recorded. Clinical follow-up was reviewed and interventions for @entity1070 were recorded. Interventions were performed for type I, for type II with sac enlargement, and for @entity1070 . The first analysis of clinical test outcomes used the findings of CT scan as a gold standard and the second used the findings at time of intervention as a gold standard. RESULTS: During the time period reviewed, 496 @entity1 underwent EVAR, and 236 of these had CDU and CT follow-up studies paired < or =3 months of each other. Mean follow-up was 17 months (range, <1-111 months). We reviewed 944 studies or 472 pairs. Eighteen @entity1 (7.6%) required intervention for 19 endoleaks: six type I, 11 type II, and two type III. Early @entity1070 (< or =1 month) requiring reintervention was detected in 1 vs late @entity1070 (mean, 28 months; range, 0.6-88 months) in 18. All @entity1070 were treated with endovascular cuff or limb extension placement. Three @entity1070 were treated with open ligation, and coil or glue embolization was used in eight. CDU imaging detected endoleaks requiring intervention in 89% of cases, whereas CT detected @entity1070 in 58% (P < .05). The ability to correctly identify the type of @entity1070 as confirmed at time of intervention was 74% with CDU imaging vs 42% by CT (P < .05). CDU, for the detection of @entity1070 requiring intervention, had a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 81%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 99%, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 16%, while CT had a sensitivity of 58%, specificity of 87%, NPV of 98%, and @entity2286 of 15%. CONCLUSIONS: CDU imaging has a high sensitivity in detecting endoleaks requiring intervention, is better at identifying the type of @entity1070 , and is an excellent test for graft surveillance after @entity439 repair. Compared with CT scan, CDU imaging in our experience is the preferred test on which to base an intervention for @entity1070 .

title: Endoleak after XXXX repair: duplex ultrasound imaging is better than computed tomography at determining the need for intervention.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleak', 'type III endoleaks', 'type I and III endoleaks', 'type II endoleaks']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: SUMMARY: A hemostasis valve is routinely used in @entity12870 to decrease the risk of @entity1031 (1,2) . Recently, a new hemostasis valve that is designed to minimize @entity190 has been introduced. We report our initial experience in using this new hemostasis valve. In @entity12870 , a hemostasis valve is commonly used for continuous irrigation of guide and microcatheters to decrease the risk of @entity1031 (1,2,3). A conventional hemostasis valve has a rotating seal at the end, which is turned open or closed each time a wire or microcatheter/guidewire is introduced or extracted. Often this results in significant back @entity548 . When a rotating seal is adjusted suboptimally during a wire or microcatheter manipulation, leakage of pressurized saline from the end of a hemostasis valve results in stagnation of blood within a guiding catheter, which becomes a potential source of emboli during a procedure. The Guardian Haemostasis Valve (Zerusa Limited, Galway, Ireland) is a new hemostasis valve that is designed to minimize @entity190 during interventional procedures by minimizing the opening time of the valve during wire or microcatheter insertion. A continuous sealing mechanism during wire or microcatheter positioning minimizes @entity190 and stagnation of blood within the guide catheter. We report our initial experience with the Guardian hemostasis valve.

title: A new hemostasis valve for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity12870 :: ('MESH:D055191', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendovascular procedures']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity12870 :: (MESH:D055191,Disease) :: ['neuroendovascular procedures']


abstract: GIP action in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 is altered. We hypothesized that methylation changes could be present in GIP receptor of @entity2175 @entity1 . This study aimed to assess the differences in DNA methylation profile of @entity35679 promoter between @entity2175 @entity1 and age- and Body Mass Index (BMI)-matched controls. We included 93 @entity2175 @entity1 (cases) that were uniquely on diet (without any anti- @entity6 pharmacological treatment). We matched one control (with oral @entity413 tolerance test negative, non @entity6 ), by age and BMI, for every case. Cytokines and hormones were determined by ELISA. DNA was extracted from whole blood and DNA methylation was assessed using the Sequenom EpiTYPER system. Our results showed that @entity2175 @entity1 were more insulin resistant and had a poorer b cell function than their controls. Fasting @entity1254 was lower in @entity2175 @entity1 as compared to controls (7.0  3.8   gr/mL vs. 10.0  4.2   gr/mL). Levels of IL 12 in serum were almost double in @entity2175 @entity1 (52.8  58.3 pg/mL vs. 29.7  37.4 pg/mL). We found that @entity35679 promoter was hypomethylated in @entity2175 @entity1 as compared to controls. In addition, HOMA-IR and fasting @entity413 correlated negatively with mean methylation of @entity35679 promoter, especially in @entity2175 @entity1 . This case-control study confirms that newly diagnosed, drug-na  ve @entity2175 @entity1 are more insulin resistant and have worse b cell function than age- and BMI-matched controls, which is partly related to changes in the insulin-sensitizing metabolites ( @entity1254 ), in the proinflammatory profile (IL12) and we suggest in the methylation pattern of @entity35679 . Our study provides novel findings on @entity35679 promoter methylation profile which may improve our ability to understand type 2 @entity6 pathogenesis.

title: Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor methylation in newly diagnosed, drug-na  ve @entity1 with type 2 XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetic', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate validity of two point of care glucometers for the diagnosis of @entity4053 and to determine the glucometers cut off values for which standard laboratory confirmatory test are no longer needed. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTINGS: A tertiary care, university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. @entity1 : The study included 180 blood specimens from 166 high risk neonates aged between 1-24 hours. RESULTS: On average, most of the blood @entity413 read-outs from the Nova StatStrip and SureStep were higher than laboratory plasma @entity413 throughout the @entity413 range with mean differences (SD) of 11.2 (8.4) mg/dL and 13.7 (6.8) mg/dL, respectively. Sensitivity of Nova StatStrip and SureStep were 62% and 53.3%, respectively. Specificity and positive predictive value of both glucometers were 100%. Negative predictive values of both glucometers were approximately 85%. The cut-off levels with 100% negative predictive values were 63 mg/dL and 62 mg/dL for Nova StatStrip and SureStep, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: None of the glucometers in this study has sufficient validity to replace laboratory testing in diagnosing @entity4053 . Confirmatory plasma @entity413 for diagnosis of @entity4053 is needed when POC readings are between 39 and 63 mg/dL for Nova StatStrip and between 39 and 62 mg/dL for SureStep.

title: Validity of two point of care glucometers in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ) and subsequent neonatal catch-up growth are implicated in the programming of increased appetite, @entity1386 and @entity66 . @entity840 provide an alternate small animal model to rodents to investigate mechanisms underlying prenatal programming, being relatively precocial at birth, with smaller litter sizes and undergoing neonatal catch-up growth after @entity1592 . The current study, therefore, investigated postnatal consequences of spontaneous @entity1592 due to varying litter size in this species. Size at birth, neonatal, juvenile (post-weaning, 30-60 days) and adolescent (60-90 days) growth, juvenile and adolescent food intake, and body composition of young adults (120 days) were measured in 158 male and female @entity840 from litter sizes of one to five pups. Compared with singleton pups, birth weight of pups from litters of five was reduced by 38%. Other birth size measures were reduced to lesser degrees with head dimensions being relatively conserved. Pups from larger litters had faster fractional neonatal growth and faster absolute and fractional juvenile growth rates (P<0.005 for all). Relationships of post-weaning growth, feed intakes and adult body composition with size at birth and neonatal growth rate were sex specific, with neonatal growth rates strongly and positively correlated with @entity1386 in males only. In conclusion, spontaneous @entity1592 due to large litter sizes in the @entity840 causes many of the programmed sequelae of @entity1592 reported in other species, including @entity1 . This may therefore be a useful model to investigate the mechanisms underpinning perinatal programming of @entity7298 , @entity28 and longer-term metabolic consequences.

title: Spontaneous intrauterine growth restriction due to increased litter size in the XXXX programmes postnatal growth, appetite and adult body composition.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'Intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Females are often excluded from military-related mild @entity131 (mTBI) research because of its relatively low prevalence in this population. The purpose of this study was to focus on outcome from mTBI in female service members, compared with males. @entity1 were 172 United States military service members selected from a larger sample that had sustained an mTBI, and were evaluated within 24 months of injury (Age: mean   =   28.9, SD   =   8.1) at one of six military medical centers. Eighty-six @entity1 were matched to 86 @entity1 on nine key variables: TBI severity, mechanism of injury, bodily injury severity, days post-injury, age, number of deployments, theater where wounded, branch of service, and rank. @entity1 completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and the @entity1005 Checklist ( @entity4351 -C). There were no meaningful gender differences across all demographic and injury-related variables (p   >   0.05). There were significant group differences and medium effect sizes for the NSI total score and all four NSI cluster scores. Symptoms most affected related to @entity390 , sensitivity to light, change in taste/smell, change in appetite, fatigue, and poor sleep. There were significant group differences and small-medium effect sizes for the @entity4351 -C total score and two of the three @entity4351 -C cluster scores. Symptoms most affected related to poor concentration, trouble remembering a stressful event, and disturbing memories/thoughts/images. Females consistently experienced more symptoms than males. As females become more active in combat-related deployments, it is critical that future studies place more emphasis on this important military population.

title: Female Service Members and Symptom Reporting after Combat and Non-Combat-Related Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Infertility problem affects more than 70 million couples worldwide, 5-15% of which are couples in their reproductive age. Less and less invasive endoscopic methods like transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy have been developed by technological progress. This method enables not only precise identification, but is now increasingly used for treatment of tubal and peritoneal factor pathology, which cause approximately 35 per cent of female infertility. AIM: Evaluation of transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy (HLTV) usefulness for diagnosis of @entity249 comparing to standard laparoscopy and hysterosalpingography (HSG). RESULTS: In evaluation of patent @entity5274 results of HLTV and HSG examinations are coincide in 87%, while obstruction diagnosed in HSG is confirmed only in 37% during HLTV examination. Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy and HSG have similar sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of hydrosalpinx, which is up to 100% . In comparison with HLTV histerosalpingography is less effective in evaluation of peritubal dilatations and adhesions. Both laparoscopic surgery and transvaginal laparoscopy have the same high sensitivity in diagnostics of the @entity5274 patency and hydrosalpinx, which is up to 100%. In evaluation of @entity1104 and dilatations the results are very similar. CONCLUSIONS: 1. HLTV is a highly useful method in evaluation of the @entity5274 pathologies which is significantly more sensitive than HSG in evaluation of such lesions as @entity1104 and @entity5274 . 2. HLTV is as effective as laparoscopy in evaluation of patency and lesions of the @entity5274 . 3. HLTV is a less invasive method, much better tolerated than laparoscopy and more suitable for the group of overweight @entity1 . 4. Final assessment of HTLV technique will be possible following performance of a greater number of studies, where the foregoing conclusions present only initial observations.

title: Transvaginal hydrolaparoscopy for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tubes', 'obstructed fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['tubal infertility']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['peritubal adhesions']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['tubal infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diet is the first line of treatment for elevated @entity165 . High-intensity dietary counseling (>= 360 minutes/year of contact with providers) improves blood lipids, but is expensive and unsustainable in the current healthcare settings. Low-intensity counseling trials ( <=30 minutes/year) have demonstrated modest diet changes, but no improvement in lipids. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and the effects on lipids and diet of a low-intensity dietary counseling intervention provided by the primary care physician (PCP), in @entity1 at risk for @entity65 . METHODS: Six month study with a three month randomized-controlled phase (group A received the intervention, group B served as controls) followed by three months of intervention in both groups.Sixty-one adults age 21 to 75 years, with LDL- @entity165 >= 3.37 mmol/L, possessing Internet access and active email accounts were enrolled. Diet was evaluated using the Rate-Your-Plate questionnaire. Dietary counseling was provided by the PCP during routine office visits, three months apart, using printed educational materials and a minimally interactive counseling website. Weekly emails were sent reminding @entity1 to use the dietary counseling resources. The outcomes were changes in LDL- @entity165 , other lipid subclasses, and diet quality. RESULTS: At month 3, group A (counseling started at month 1) decreased their LDL- @entity165 by -0.23 mmol/L, (-0.04 to -0.42 mmol/L, P=0.007) and total @entity165 by -0.26 mmol/L, (-0.05 to -0.47 mmol/L, P=0.001). At month 6, total and LDL- @entity165 in group A remained better than in group B (counseling started at month 3). Diet score in group A improved by 50.3 points (38.4 to 62.2, P<0.001) at month 3; and increased further by 11.8 (3.5 to 20.0, P=0.007) at month 6. Group B made the largest improvement in diet at month 6, 55 points (40.0 to 70.1, P<0.001), after having a small but significant improvement at month 3, 22.3 points (12.9 to 31.7, P<0.001). No significant changes occurred in HDL- @entity165 in either group. CONCLUSIONS: A low-intensity dietary counseling provided by the PCP in @entity1 at risk for @entity65 produced clinically meaningful improvements in both diet and lipids of magnitude similar to changes reported with high intensity interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01695837.

title: Live well: a practical and effective low-intensity dietary counseling intervention for use in primary care XXXX with dyslipidemia--a randomized controlled pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 , undergoing ileo-anal @entity254 for @entity31 (42) or @entity1412 (5), were endoscopically examined after protective ileostomy or after restorative ileo-anal @entity254 . The neorectum and the ileum above were examined in all cases and multiple biopsies were taken. No symptoms of pouch @entity32 were found in 41 subjects; 80.5% of these had non-macroscopic lesions and 19.5% had focal lesions such as congestion, @entity4125 , mucous hypersecretion (5), or single @entity1066 (3). None of these developed @entity5042 . @entity5042 was observed in the other six subjects, who all underwent surgery for @entity31 and developed 14 clinical episodes of @entity5042 during the follow-up. In these cases the entire neorectum mucosa was always affected by the lesions which, in 50%, also extended to the ileum above. The most common endoscopic features (71.4%) were congestion, potechiae, oozing areas, mucous hypersecretion, and multiple superficial @entity1066 . In half the remaining cases (14.3%) the neorectum showed the features, described above, while the upper ileum was affected by deep round or irregular @entity1066 within normal mucosa; @entity30 was excluded in these cases. In the remaining 14.3%, @entity5042 showed a @entity8307 feature. In our experience, the endoscopic pattern of @entity5042 is polymorphic. Although an @entity31 -like feature prevails, @entity8307 and @entity30 -like features may also be present.

title: Endoscopic assessment of acute @entity32 of the ileal reservoir after restorative ileo-anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['petechiae']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's ileitis", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Liver is a unique @entity1 organ with a great capacity of regeneration related to its function. After surgical resection or injury, hepatic cells, especially hepatocytes, can proliferate rapidly to repair the damage and to regenerate the structure without affecting the function of the liver. Loss of catalase activity during regeneration indicates that oxidative stress is present in the liver not only in pathological conditions but also as a 'physiological' factor during regeneration. As we have shown in our previous work, liver stem cell-like cells treated with @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), a cytotoxic and growth regulating lipid peroxidation product, recover in the presence of spleen cells. In the current study we characterized this novel cell line as liver-derived progenitor/oval-like cells, ( @entity2965 /OCs), i.e. functional liver stem-like cells. We showed that @entity2965 /OC were OV6 positive, with abundant glycogen content in the cytoplasm and expressed @entity160 , albumin, @entity8864 reductase and @entity5428 transferase. Also, we compared their growth in vitro with the growth of cultured primary hepatocytes stressed with @entity13789 and co-cultured with autologous spleen cells. The influence of spleen cells on @entity13789 -treated primary hepatocytes and on @entity2965 /OCs showed that spleen cells support in a similar manner the recovery of both types of liver cells indicating their important role in regeneration. Hence, @entity2965 /OC cells may provide a valuable tool to study cell interactions and the role on @entity13789 in @entity409 .

title: Influence of XXXX and spleen cells on primary hepatocyte culture and a novel liver-derived cell line resembling hepatocyte stem cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity8864 :: ('MESH:D001664', 'Chemical') :: ['biliverdin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test a predictive model of the associations among prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), third-trimester biological and behavioral variables, and symptoms of @entity308 at 4  weeks postpartum. DESIGN: Secondary data analysis from a longitudinal, biobehavioral repeated-measures study of @entity1 during the third trimester of pregnancy through 6  months postpartum. SETTING: Communities surrounding a Midwestern and a Western U.S. city. @entity1 : @entity1 were 111 @entity1 enrolled during their third trimesters of pregnancy who were studied through 4  weeks postpartum. METHODS: Whole blood and saliva were used for biological measures, and validated questionnaires were used for behavioral measures. Principal component analysis and path analysis with principal component variables were used to iteratively test the model. RESULTS: There were three statistically significant direct effects in the model: the path from prepregnancy BMI to @entity32 , the path from prepregnancy BMI to stress, and the path from stress to symptoms of @entity308 at 4  weeks postpartum. Indirect effects of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum @entity308 through intervening variables were not statistically significant, nor was the model-based total effect of prepregnancy BMI on postpartum @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Stress was significantly linked to prepregnancy BMI and postpartum @entity308 . This finding highlights continuing possibilities for improving outcomes for mothers, @entity1 , and families through stress-mitigating preventive strategies.

title: Prepregnancy Obesity and a Biobehavioral Predictive Model for Postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical outcome and mutations of 96 core-binding factor @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 18-60 years old were examined. Complete remission (CR) after induction was 94.6%. There was no significant difference in CR, @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between t(8;21) (N=67) and inv(16) @entity1 (N=29). Univariate analysis showed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at @entity3432 as the only clinical parameter associated with superior @entity1778 . Next-generation sequencing based on a myeloid gene panel was performed in 72 @entity1 . Mutations in genes involved in cell signaling were associated with inferior @entity1778 and @entity1349 , whereas those in genes involved in DNA methylation were associated with inferior @entity1778 . KIT @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ) mutations occurred in 25 @entity1 , and were associated with inferior @entity1778 (P=0.003) and @entity1349 (P=0.001). @entity5312 mutations occurred in 8 @entity1 , and were associated with significantly shorter @entity1778 (P=0.015) but not @entity1349 . @entity1 negative for KIT- @entity3457 and @entity5312 mutations (N=41) had significantly better @entity1778 (P<0.001) and @entity1349 (P=0.012) than those positive for both or either mutation. Multivariate analysis showed that KIT- @entity3457 and @entity5312 mutations were associated with inferior @entity1778 , whereas age    40 years and marrow blast    70% were associated with inferior @entity1349 . These observations provide new insights that may guide better treatment for this @entity3052 subtype.

title: Next-generation sequencing with a myeloid gene panel in core-binding factor @entity3052 showed KIT XXXX and @entity5312 mutations predictive of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free-survival']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['activation loop', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3457 :: (OMIM:612348,Disease) :: ['activation loop']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle wasting is a component of the diagnosis of @entity5 @entity3085 and has been associated with poor prognosis. However, recommended tools to measure @entity6288 are limited by poor sensitivity or the need to perform additional scans. We hypothesized that pectoralis muscle area (PMA) measured objectively on chest CT scan may be associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: We evaluated 252 cases from a prospectively enrolling @entity2 cohort. Eligible cases had CT scans performed prior to the initiation of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. PMA was measured in a semi-automated fashion while blinded to characteristics of the @entity5 , lung, and @entity1 outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 had a significantly greater PMA than @entity1 (37.59 vs. 26.19 cm(2), P < 0.0001). In univariate analysis, PMA was associated with age and body mass index (BMI). A Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to account for confounders associated with survival. Lower pectoralis area (per cm(2)) at diagnosis was associated with an increased hazard of death of 2% (HRadj, 0.98; confidence interval, 0.96-0.99; P = 0.044) while adjusting for age, sex, smoking, chronic @entity3617 , @entity2415 , histology, stage, chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, BMI, and ECOG performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Lower PMA measured from chest CT scans obtained at the time of diagnosis of @entity1149 is associated with a worse @entity1349 . IMPACT: PMA may be a valuable CT biomarker for @entity6288 -associated @entity2 survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 38-43.   2016 AACR SEE ALL THE ARTICLES IN THIS @entity6863 FOCUS SECTION, "THE OBESITY PARADOX IN CANCER EVIDENCE AND NEW DIRECTIONS".

title: Lower Pectoralis Muscle Area Is Associated with a Worse Overall Survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutical effect of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6667 )165 gene transplantation in treatment of @entity75 . METHODS: Recombinant vector of adenovirus-mediated @entity1655 gene (Ad- @entity6667 ) was constructed by bacterial homologous recombination technology. Sixty 7-day-old @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: @entity75 ( @entity75 ) group undergoing ligation of the left common carotid artery and inhalation of 8% @entity26 for 2 hours, Ad- @entity6667 group undergoing injection of Ad- @entity6667 into the left sensorimotor cortex with the help of stereo-positioner 3 days after @entity519 - @entity63 (HI), and sham operation group. Seven days after transplantation, 5 @entity35 from each group were killed with their left brains taken out. The @entity6667 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the neuron apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated @entity14322 triphosphate @entity3406 end labeling (TUNEL). Since the age of 28 days T-maze foraging test was conducted. At the age of 34 days, sensorimotor tests were performed. After the behavioral tests all the @entity35 were killed. The number of neurons in the @entity1249 region of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex was detected by Nissl's staining. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry showed that the density levels of @entity6667 positive cells in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of the Ad- @entity6667 group were (68.09 +/- 3.37) and (68.37 +/- 3.17) respectively, both significantly higher than those of the @entity75 group [(24.65 +/- 3.14) and (25.14 +/- 1.86) respectively, both P < 0.05]. TUNEL showed that the number of apoptotic neurons of the Ad- @entity6667 group was (151.4 +/- 21.7), significantly lower than that of the @entity75 group [(264.4 +/- 16.3), P < 0.05]. Behavioral tests showed the percentages of accuracy on day 4 of the Ad- @entity6667 and sham operation groups were both significantly higher than that of the @entity75 group (both P < 0.01). Nissl's staining showed that the numbers of neurons per unit area in the hippocampal @entity1249 area and cortex of the Ad- @entity6667 group were (70.6 +/- 2.3) and (95.1 +/- 2.8) respectively, both significantly higher than those of the HI group [(55.3 +/- 2.1) and (70.1 +/- 2.7) respectively, both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Adenovirus vector-mediated @entity6667 gene therapy increases the @entity6667 protein expression, decreases neuron apoptosis, improves the long-term behavioral function after @entity75 , and reduces @entity2806 , thus possessing neuroprotective effects.

title: [Adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor165 gene therapy in treatment of XXXX : experiment with @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'HIBD', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage']


abstract: @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) serves as an important anti-oxidant in the brain by scavenging harmful reactive @entity26 species that are generated during different molecular processes. The @entity2197 level in the brain provides indirect information on oxidative stress of the brain. We report in vivo detection of @entity2197 non-invasively from various brain regions (frontal cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum) in bilateral hemispheres of healthy male and female subjects and from bi-lateral frontal cortices in @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ). All @entity195 @entity1 who participated in this study were on medication with cholinesterase inhibitors. Healthy young male (age 26.4  3.0) and healthy young female (age 23.6  2.1) subjects have higher amount of @entity2197 in the parietal cortical region and a specific @entity2197 distribution pattern (parietal cortex>frontal cortex>hippocampus ~ cerebellum) has been found. Overall mean @entity2197 content is higher in healthy young female compared to healthy young male subjects and @entity2197 is distributed differently in two hemispheres among male and female subjects. In both young female and male subjects, statistically significant (p=0.02 for young female and p=0.001 for young male) difference in mean @entity2197 content is found when compared between left frontal cortex (LFC) and right frontal cortex (RFC). In healthy young female subjects, we report statistically significant positive correlation of @entity2197 content between RFC and LFC (r=0.641, p=0.004) as well as @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and left parietal cortex (LPC) (r=0.797, p=0.000) regions. In healthy young male subjects, statistically significant positive correlation of @entity2197 content was observed between LFC and LPC (r=0.481, p=0.032) regions. This statistical analysis implicates that in case of a high @entity2197 content in LPC of a young male, his LFC region would also contain high @entity2197 and vice versa. The difference in mean of @entity2197 content between healthy young female control and female @entity195 @entity1 in RFC region (p=0.003) and difference in mean of @entity2197 content between healthy young male control and male @entity195 @entity1 (p=0.05) in LFC region is found to be statistically significant. It is the first scientific report correlating alteration (in selective brain regions) of @entity2197 level with clinical status of male and female subjects using non-invasive imaging technique.

title: Brain oxidative stress: detection and mapping of anti-oxidant marker ' @entity2041 ' in different brain regions of healthy male/female, @entity73 and XXXX @entity1 using non-invasive magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['right parietal cortex', 'RPC']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer']


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity1 were seen with @entity1458 in 1975. Forty had @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and 19 rapidly reversible @entity1458 (RR). The causes of the @entity1458 were medical (64%), surgical (27%) and obstetrical (9%). The following were valuable in the assessment of @entity1 with @entity1458 : urine @entity1372 concentration (UNa) and osmolality, coagulation studies and high dose intravenous urography. @entity1 presenting with a high UNa or a @entity854 were more likely to have @entity810 . Central venous pressure monitoring was helpful in the initial management but the administration of diuretics was not. Twenty @entity1 with @entity810 were treated conservatively and the remainder by dialysis. Infection was both the commonest complication of @entity810 and the most frequent cause of @entity204 . Seventy percent of those with @entity810 died. @entity204 was more common in the elderly or @entity1 with a medical aetiology. The mortality of @entity810 remains high in spite of advances in the management of its metabolic and infective complications because of the acceptance of more high risk @entity1 . An improved awareness of the preventable causes of @entity1458 is apparent.

title: XXXX and its sequelae.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation abnormality']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity1458 :: (MESH:D009846,Disease) :: ['Oliguria']


abstract: @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) promotes intestinal growth and maintains gut structure and function, especially in situations of @entity32 . Several mechanisms could contribute to @entity7647 protective effects on gut. Proteomics enable us to characterize differentially expressed proteins in tissues in response to modifications of the biological or nutritional environment. @entity7647 effects on the @entity1 intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cell line proteome were assessed under basal and proinflammatory conditions. The 2-DE gels were obtained and compared. Proteins were identified by MS and using databases. About 1200 spots were detected in both 2- and 10-mM @entity7647 concentrations. Under basal conditions, 24 proteins were differentially expressed in response to @entity7647 . Half of these proteins were implicated in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis and 20% in membrane trafficking. Under proinflammatory conditions, 27 proteins were up- or down-regulated by @entity7647 10 mM. From these proteins, 40% were involved in protein biosynthesis or proteolysis, 16% in membrane trafficking, 8% in cell cycle and apoptosis mechanisms and 8% in nucleic acid metabolism. This study provides the first holistic picture of proteome modulation by @entity7647 in a @entity1 enterocytic cell line under basal and proinflammatory conditions, and supports further evaluation of nutritional modulation of intestinal proteome in @entity1 .

title: Proteomic analysis of XXXX -treated @entity1 intestinal epithelial HCT-8 cells under basal and inflammatory conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['injury and during inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to analyze the possible relationships between treatment efficacy, and germinal gene polymorphisms linked to the @entity2600 in combination with bevasizumab or panitumumab and @entity416 or @entity1487 that has been routinely used in our practice, in the management of metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-four Greek with histologically proven metastatic @entity14 were included in the study. Treatment was administered until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 , for a maximum of eight cycles. @entity1 were stratified into stable disease. (SD) and progressive disease. ( @entity1726 ). Associations between clinical data, @entity984 , @entity6912 . ( @entity6912 *28) and @entity24265 ( @entity33723 ) polymorphisms, and @entity137 were analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (61.70%) @entity1 were characterized with @entity168 and 36 (38.30%) with @entity1726 . There were not statistical significant differences between carriers of @entity984 mutated alleles between SD and @entity1726 groups. No significant difference was found between response rates and @entity137 and @entity24265 or @entity6912 genotypes. Our results suggested that determination of @entity24265 or @entity6912 genotypes could not be useful for predicting severe @entity137 of @entity2600 in our population. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical significance of the findings requires replication in larger populations. Furthermore, as 5.FU and @entity2600 metabolism is complex, numerous genes in addition to @entity24265 and @entity6912 should be investigated.

title: Prediction of response to combination chemotherapy with @entity2600 in Greek XXXX with metastatic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity33723 :: ('c|SUB|G|IVS14+1|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['IVS14+1 G. > A']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['SD disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: So-Shi-Ho-Tang (SSHT) or known as Sho-Saiko-To in Japanese and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang in Chinese has been used to treat @entity409 , and its hepatoprotective effects have been widely studied. AIM OF THE STUDY: We tried to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of SSHT on interferon (IFN)-gamma and @entity58 and their @entity630 / @entity61 transcription factors in vivo and in vitro since these two cytokines are important in determining the type of cell-mediated inflammatory and humoral responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SSHT was orally given to BALB/c @entity19 for 7 days and then injected with anti- @entity5168 mAb intravenously. @entity60 , @entity58 , @entity2047 and @entity630 / @entity61 -specific transcription factors as well as splenocyte subsets were measured. Splenocytes and @entity1961 T cells were cultured with anti- @entity5168 or anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 in the presence of SSHT, its constituent herbs and @entity7651 , and the levels of cytokines and transcription factors were measured by ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS: Oral administration of SSHT to @entity19 in response to i.v. anti- @entity5168 injection enhanced the expression of @entity60 , @entity58 and @entity2047 in the serum and spleen at the secreted protein and mRNA level. This was accompanied by the upregulation of @entity26490 and @entity1961 T cell populations by flow cytometry. The upregulation of @entity60 and @entity58 by SSHT did not occur in anti- @entity5168 /anti- @entity10867 stimulated @entity1961 T cells in vitro. However, SSHT was capable of producing the cytokines in anti- @entity5168 stimulated splenocytes even in the absence of @entity10867 , suggesting a role for some soluble factors produced by @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). In support of this, we found that SSHT increased IL-12 and @entity777 in the same cells. @entity17843 , but not T-bet, was involved in the upregulation of @entity60 by SSHT while the increased @entity58 expression was accompanied by a parallel increase in @entity32529 but independent of @entity9094 and @entity19986 . CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the upregulation of @entity60 and @entity58 by SSHT must occur through some interactions between @entity1358 and @entity1961 T cells. Taken together, the present data provide additional information on some of the immunological mechanisms of SSHT for treatment of @entity409 and @entity281 .

title: Upregulation of @entity60 and XXXX , Th cell-derived cytokines by So-Shi-Ho-Tang (Sho-Saiko-To) occurs at the level of @entity1358 , but not @entity1961 T cells.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'chronic liver disease and other infections']

entities_list: @entity7651 :: ('MESH:C038044', 'Chemical') :: ['baicalin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic resection and radiofrequency ablation are now established therapies for high-grade @entity5 complicating @entity355 . These techniques may be more challenging in @entity1 with previous antireflux surgery, because of poor visibility and accessibility. OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of endoscopic resection for early @entity5 complicating @entity355 after antireflux surgery. DESIGN: Case series, retrospective review. SETTING: Single tertiary-care referral center. @entity1 : This study involved 7 @entity1 treated for Barrett's @entity5 by endoscopic resection between 2001 and 2009. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic resection was performed by using the EMR cap technique or by endoscopic submucosal dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The curative resection rate, complications, follow-up, and complete remission status were determined. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 underwent endoscopic resection (mean number of sessions, 3.1; range, 1-6): endoscopic submucosal dissection in 3 @entity1 and EMR in 4 @entity1 . Two @entity1 needed additional @entity3503 plasma coagulation. Pathology examination disclosed invasive @entity420 in 3 @entity1 and high-grade intraepithelial @entity5 in 4 @entity1 . At the last follow-up examination, all @entity1 were in complete remission. Major procedure-related complications were not encountered. LIMITATIONS: Small number of @entity1 , single center, retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that full endoscopic resection by using EMR or endoscopic submucosal dissection in @entity1 with previous antireflux surgery can be achieved successfully and safely. These @entity1 can be treated endoscopically, similarly to @entity1 without previous surgery.

title: Endoscopic mucosal or submucosal resection of early XXXX in @entity355 after antireflux surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia and mucosal cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The survival of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has improved with advancements in various diagnostic tools and treatment modalities. Consequently, bone metastases from @entity157 are diagnosed more frequently. The aims of the present study was to describe the clinical features and treatment of @entity157 @entity1 presenting with bone metastases. In particular, we evaluated the role of @entity4381 in these @entity1 especially with regard to @entity158 reduction, analgesic drug consumption and safety. METHODS: Between December 2006 and July 2008, we recruited 17 (male:female, 12:5, median age, 68 years; age range, 62-85 years) consecutive @entity1 . Spinal metastases were present in 11 @entity1 (64.7%). @entity4381 was administered in all @entity1 (total number of administrations, 107; mean number of administrations, 6.29). RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 received at least three administrations of @entity4381 and reported clinical benefit with @entity158 reduction and tapering of analgesic drugs. Before starting treatment, the mean VAS for @entity1 who received at least three administrations (15/17 @entity1 ) of @entity4381 was 7.1 (+/-0.24), and after 3 months 5.3 (+/-0.20). This improvement was independent of the sex, the extent of @entity3 and the concomitant anticancer treatment. No significant side effects were registered in this series of @entity1 . Median survival was 10 months (CI 6,353-13,647). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4381 may be helpful in treating bone metastases in @entity157 @entity1 . @entity1 regularly receiving @entity4381 showed significant @entity158 relief.

title: XXXX in the treatment of bone metastases by @entity157 : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['Zoledronic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: In a single center retrospective study we previously reported superior dry rates and fewer artificial urinary sphincter revisions when the sphincter cuff was placed via the traditional perineal approach compared with a penoscrotal approach. A multicenter study was performed to compare the approaches further and explain the disparity in outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 158 @entity1 who underwent these procedures from April 1987 to October 2007 at 4 centers. RESULTS: During 184 surgeries in 158 @entity1 201 artificial urinary sphincter cuffs were placed (90 penoscrotal and 111 perineal). Among @entity1 with known followup the completely dry rate for single cuff artificial urinary sphincters was 17 of 62 (27.4%) in the penoscrotal group and 41 of 93 (44.1%) in the perineal group (p = 0.04). Continued @entity322 necessitated subsequent tandem cuff in 7 of the 62 (11.3%) penoscrotal cases compared to only 5 of the 93 (5.4%) perineal cases. Cuff size in the penoscrotal group was 5.0 cm in 1 @entity1 (1.1%), 4.5 cm in 11 (12.2%) and 4.0 cm in 78 (86.7%). Cuff size in the perineal group was 5.5 cm in 1 @entity1 (0.9%), 5.0 cm in 8 (7.2%), 4.5 cm in 30 (27.0%) and 4.0 cm in 72 (64.9%). CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a higher completely dry rate with fewer subsequent tandem cuff additions with the perineal approach compared to the penoscrotal approach. This disparity may be explained by a more proximal artificial urinary sphincter cuff placement in the perineal group as evidenced by a larger cuff size.

title: A multicenter study on the perineal versus penoscrotal approach for implantation of an artificial urinary sphincter: cuff size and control of male stress urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Natural gas extraction, often referred to as "fracking", has increased rapidly in the United States in recent years. To address potential health impacts, passive air samplers were deployed in a rural community heavily affected by the natural gas boom. Samplers were analyzed for 62 @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). Results were grouped based on distance from each sampler to the nearest active well. Levels of @entity3014 , @entity11966 , and carcinogenic potency of @entity2556 mixtures were highest when samplers were closest to active wells. @entity2556 levels closest to natural gas activity were comparable to levels previously reported in rural areas in winter. Sourcing ratios indicated that @entity2556 were predominantly petrogenic, suggesting that @entity2556 levels were influenced by direct releases from the earth. Quantitative @entity1 health risk assessment estimated the excess lifetime @entity5 risks associated with exposure to the measured @entity2556 . At sites closest to active wells, the risk estimated for maximum residential exposure was 0.04 in a million, which is below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's acceptable risk level. Overall, risk estimates decreased 30% when comparing results from samplers closest to active wells to those farthest from them. This work suggests that natural gas extraction is contributing @entity2556 to the air, at levels that would not be expected to increase @entity5 risk.

title: Emissions of XXXX from Natural Gas Extraction into Air.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concepts of 'what constitutes @entity1032 ', the presumed aetiology and preferred treatment options, vary considerably from one cultural context to another. Knowledge and understanding of these local conceptualisations is essential to inform public mental health programming and policy. METHODS: @entity1 from four locations in Burundi, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were invited to describe 'problems they knew of that related to thinking, feeling and behaviour?' Data were collected over 31 focus groups discussions (251 @entity1 ) and key informant interviews with traditional healers and health workers. RESULTS: While remarkable similarities occurred across all settings, there were also striking differences. In all areas, @entity1 were able to describe localized syndromes characterized by severe @entity73 with considerable resemblance to @entity914 . Additionally, respondents throughout all settings described local syndromes that included sadness and social withdrawal as core features. These syndromes had some similarities with @entity146 , such as @entity308 or @entity148 , but also differed significantly. Aetiological concepts varied a great deal within each setting, and attributed causes varied from supernatural to psychosocial and natural. Local syndromes resembling @entity914 were seen as an abnormality in need of treatment, although @entity1 did not really know where to go. Local syndromes resembling @entity146 were not regarded as a 'medical' disorder, and were therefore also not seen as a condition for which help should be sought within the biomedical health-care system. Rather, such conditions were expected to improve through social and emotional support from relatives, traditional healers and community members. CONCLUSIONS: Local conceptualizations have significant implications for the planning of mental-health interventions in resource-poor settings recovering from conflict. Treatment options for @entity1 suffering from severe @entity146 should be made available to @entity1 , preferably within general health care facilities. For @entity1 suffering from local syndromes characterized by loss or sadness, the primary aim for public mental health interventions would be to empower existing social support systems already in place at local levels, and to strengthen social cohesion and self-help within communities.

title: Madness or sadness? Local concepts of XXXX in four conflict-affected African communities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'nonpsychotic mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural and cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: In this study we used myocardial contrast echocardiography to evaluate reperfusion @entity450 in an open-chest @entity235 model of @entity1563 . Eight @entity235 had coronary occluders and electromagnetic flow probes on the left circumflex coronary artery. Aortic root injections of agitated @entity4946 and saline solution were used for myocardial contrast. Data were collected at baseline (n = 16), during @entity1563 (n = 18), immediately after coronary release (n = 18), and 5 minutes after coronary artery release (n = 12). Baseline coronary flow was 23.8 +/- 5.9 ml/min, decreasing to 0 ml/min during @entity1563 . Immediately after coronary release flow was 96.6 +/- 41 ml/min (p less than 0.001 compared with baseline), and 5 minutes after coronary release flow was 68.2 +/- 27.9 ml/min (p less than 0.001 compared with baseline). The myocardial image intensity change after injection of contrast material was 74.25 +/- 30.6 ml/min at baseline and declined to 10.4 +/- 10.9 ml/min during @entity1563 (p less than 0.001 compared with baseline). During reperfusion @entity450 image intensity change was 102.3 +/- 33.3 ml/min (p less than 0.001 compared with occlusion, p less than 0.02 compared with baseline, p less than 0.001 compared with remote regions). Considering all observations, myocardial image intensity change after contrast injection correlated positively with coronary flow (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Correlations within individual @entity235 ranged from r = 0.70 to 0.98. We conclude that image intensity change after aortic root injection of echocardiographic contrast correlates with coronary blood flow. Objective measurements of contrast intensity reflect increases in coronary flow associated with @entity450 after @entity1563 and release.

title: Evaluation of reperfusion XXXX with myocardial contrast echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['temporary coronary artery occlusion', 'coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4946 :: ('MESH:D003973', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium diatrizoate']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'reactive hyperemia']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['hyperemia']


abstract: Distal-less 3 ( @entity34023 )(-/-) @entity19 die at E9.5 presumably due to an abnormal placental phenotype including reduced placental vasculature and secretion of placental growth factor. To examine the role of @entity34023 specifically within the epiblast, @entity34023 conditional knockout @entity19 were generated using an epiblast-specific @entity34024 allele. @entity34023 (-/fl), @entity34024 (CreSor) animals were born at expected frequencies and survived to weaning providing indirect evidence that loss of @entity34023 within the trophoectoderm plays a critical role in fetal survival in the @entity34023 (-/-) @entity19 . We next examined the hypothesis that loss of a single @entity34023 allele would have a negative impact on placental and fetal fitness. @entity34023 (+/-) @entity19 displayed reduced fetal growth beginning at E12.5 compared with @entity34023 (+/+) controls. Altered fetal growth trajectory occurred coincident with elevated oxidative stress and apoptosis within @entity34023 (+/-) placentas. Oral supplementation with the @entity224 dismutase mimetic, Tempol, rescued the fetal growth and placental cell death phenotypes in @entity34023 (+/-) @entity19 . To determine the potential mechanisms associated with elevated oxidative stress on the @entity34023 (+/-) placentas, we next examined vascular characteristics within the feto-placental unit. Studies revealed reduced maternal spiral artery luminal area in the @entity34023 (+/-) @entity19 receiving water; @entity34023 (+/-) @entity19 receiving @entity11933 displayed maternal spiral artery luminal area similar to control @entity34023 (+/+) @entity19 . We conclude that reduced @entity34023 gene dose results in diminished fetal fitness associated with elevated placental cell oxidative stress and apoptosis coincident with @entity6980 . Administration of antioxidant therapy ameliorated this feto-placental phenotype, suggesting that @entity34023 may be required for adaptation to oxidative stresses within the intrauterine environment.

title: Distal-less 3 haploinsufficiency results in elevated placental oxidative stress and altered fetal growth kinetics in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['altered vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity243 ( @entity243 ) make up the major subset of @entity1821 , which in most series represent the second or third most common type of soft tissue @entity242 . The tendency for @entity243 to metastasize to other soft tissues ( @entity4915 ) in preference to lung parenchyma has been previously described; however, the natural history of this @entity5 's behavior is poorly documented. Our intent was to analyze the natural history of @entity243 and further quantify the incidence of @entity4915 , concentrating on their significance in terms of survival. METHODS: We reviewed the experience at the Royal Marsden Hospital over a 10-year period, documenting the clinicopathological behavior of @entity243 , including the frequency of @entity4915 . RESULTS: There were 50 @entity1 , with a median follow-up of 43 months. The actuarial 5-year soft tissue @entity3 rate was 31%, and the most common sites of @entity4915 were the retroperitoneum, abdominal wall, and abdominal cavity. In those 12 @entity1 who had @entity4915 there was a median interval of 23 months after original diagnosis to the time the first @entity3 became apparent (range, 0-142 months). Median survival following first @entity3 was 35 months; 6 of the 12 @entity1 died between 6 and 50 months. Four @entity1 who had @entity4915 remain disease free at 15 to 59 months after their first @entity4915 . Any round cell component of the @entity243 was associated with a significantly greater chance of metastatic disease (P = .02). In this series, the overall 5-year and 7-year survival rates were 85% and 68%. @entity1 with @entity4915 had an 11 times greater chance of dying than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity243 usually is an indolent disease, but there is a subset of @entity1 who develop @entity4915 and have a significantly worse prognosis. @entity4915 can occur years after the initial diagnosis and can be associated with medium-long-term survival after they occur. @entity4915 should be managed aggressively because of this.

title: XXXX --the frequency and the natural history of nonpulmonary soft tissue metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['ML', 'Myxoid liposarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas']

answer: @entity243 :: (MESH:D018208,Disease) :: ['Myxoid liposarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the management of metastatic upper tract @entity189 (UTUC) including recent advances in targeted and immune therapies as an update to the 2014 joint international consultation on UTUC, co-sponsored by the Soci  t   Internationale d'Urologie and International Consultation on @entity5450 . METHODS: A PubMed database search was performed between January 2013 and May 2016 related to the treatment of metastatic UTUC, and 54 studies were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: The management of @entity1 with metastatic UTUC is primarily an extrapolation from evidence guiding the management of metastatic @entity150 . The first-line therapy for metastatic UTUC is @entity902 -based combination chemotherapy. Standard second-line therapies are limited and ineffective. @entity1 with UTUC who progress following @entity902 -based chemotherapy are encouraged to participate in clinical trials. Recent advances in genomic profiling present exciting opportunities to guide the use of targeted therapy. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has demonstrated extremely promising results. Retrospective studies provide support for post-chemotherapy surgery in appropriately selected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The management of metastatic UTUC requires a multi-disciplinary approach. New insights from genomic profiling using targeted therapies, novel immunotherapies, and surgery represent promising avenues for further therapeutic exploration.

title: Upper tract XXXX topical issue 2016: treatment of metastatic cancer.

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['Urological Diseases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The authors evaluated changes in position and angle of the proximal segment, including the condyle, after @entity346 ( @entity346 ) with and without a Le Fort I osteotomy to verify whether displacement of the proximal segment could induce @entity260 . Changes in condylar angle, ramus angle, and displacement of proximal segment were measured pre- and postoperatively. The position of the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) disc was examined pre- and postoperatively. @entity21591 in the lower lip was assessed bilaterally. The postoperative horizontal condylar angle was significantly smaller than the preoperative one on the deviated and non-deviated sides (P<0.0001). The postoperative coronal condylar angle was significantly larger than the preoperative one on the deviated side (P=0.0483). The postoperative sagittal ramus angle was larger than the preoperative one on the deviated (P<0.0001) and non-deviated (P=0.00005) side. Most joints with an anteriorly-displaced disc with and without reduction improved on the non-deviated side; 5 of 16 joints improved on the deviated side. Results suggest the position and angle of the proximal segment, including the condyle, could change after @entity346 . This could be associated with symptomatic improvement in @entity1348 , and extreme medial displacement of the proximal segment could delay recovery from lower @entity3384 .

title: The effects of changing position and angle of the proximal segment after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['lip hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal nerve hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy', 'IVRO']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy']


abstract: Introduction. Previous studies have shown that the nasogastric (NG) route seems equivalent to the nasojejunal (NJ) route in @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ). However, these studies used a small sample size and old criteria for diagnosing @entity656 , which may include some @entity1 with moderate @entity656 , according to the newly established @entity656 criteria (Atlanta 2012 classification). Based on the changes in the criteria for classifying @entity656 , we performed an up-to-date meta-analysis. Method. We reviewed the PubMed, EMbase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials electronic databases. We included randomized controlled trials comparing NG and NJ nutrition in @entity1 with @entity656 . We performed the meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaborations' RevMan 5.3 software. Results. We included four randomized controlled trials involving 237 @entity1 with @entity656 . There were no significant differences in the incidence of mortality, infectious complications, digestive complications, achievement of energy balance, or length of hospital stay between the NG and NJ nutrition groups. Conclusions. NG nutrition was as safe and effective as NJ nutrition in @entity1 with @entity656 . Further studies are needed to confirm our results.

title: Nasogastric Nutrition versus Nasojejunal Nutrition in XXXX with Severe Acute Pancreatitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The internal mammary artery is widely recognized as the graft of choice for coronary artery bypass grafting at present. Alternative conduits have been investigated in order to find other adequate long-term grafts. The right @entity432 has been recently used as a graft to bypass distal coronary vessels. From November 1989 to June 1990, we have implanted this artery in 46 cases. Pedicled grafts were implanted in 20 @entity1 to the main right coronary artery, in 21 @entity1 we grafted the right distal branches, in 3 @entity1 the left anterior descending, and in 2 the circumflex branches. Mean grafts per @entity1 were 3 in this series, with a mean of 2.2 arterial grafts per @entity1 . One @entity1 died in the early postoperative period. The remaining @entity1 had an uncomplicated postoperative evolution. Thirteen @entity1 underwent graft and coronary angiography. Direct or indirect graft patency was confirmed in all cases. The final important issue concerning the long-term patency of this graft will be solved in the future, but short-term patency rates of the right @entity432 can be anticipated when proper techniques are used.

title: In situ right XXXX . A conduit for coronary revascularization.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic artery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['gastroepiploic artery']


abstract: GOALS: We aim to present a data detailing our success with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and to provide a simple treatment protocol. BACKGROUND: Relapse is a common problem in @entity1 treated for @entity2718 infection, often requiring prolonged courses of oral @entity2176 with limited alternative treatment options. Administration of the entire fecal flora from a healthy individual to restore beneficial physiological species is referred to as @entity8 (also termed fecal bacteriotherapy or stool transplant). Although introduced over 50 years ago with high cure rates in published case series, @entity8 is neither routine practice nor widely available to @entity1 . STUDY: Twenty-six @entity1 with relapsing @entity2718 infection underwent @entity8 over a 28-month period. @entity8 was performed during colonoscopy by direct infusion of minimally processed donor stool. RESULTS: Twenty-four female and 2 male @entity1 underwent @entity8 . The mean duration of @entity6659 was 12.6 months (range, 4 to 84 mo) before @entity8 . These @entity1 have been followed for a mean duration of 10.7 months (range, 2 to 30 mo). Twenty-four @entity1 have remained free of significant @entity294 or @entity6659 . One experienced loose stool and resumed @entity2176 despite remaining @entity2718 negative; she developed @entity6659 recurrence 11 months post- @entity8 after taking cephalexin. Another had @entity294 2 months post- @entity8 . Stool was not tested for @entity2718 ; she received 1 week of @entity2176 and @entity6659 did not recur after this. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 through colonoscopy was simple, safe, and 92% effective in preventing further @entity294 or @entity6659 relapse in this group of 26 @entity1 with recurrent @entity6659 .

title: Fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing @entity2718 infection in 26 XXXX : methodology and results.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FMT', 'fecal microbiota transplantation']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the locoregional recurrence rate after treatment of @entity1 with operable @entity0 with a modification of the Halsted radical mastectomy and the selective use of radiotherapy and to identify risk factors for locoregional recurrence. METHODS: Between 1979-1987, 691 consecutive @entity1 underwent mastectomy after a negative biopsy of the axillary apical lymph nodes. The median age of the @entity1 was 59 years (range, 26-89 years). The clinical @entity5 size was < 2 cm in 72 @entity1 , 2-5 cm in 387 @entity1 , and >5 cm in 169 @entity1 ; 16 @entity1 had a T4 @entity5 . Surgery was comprised of a modification of the Halsted radical mastectomy, including at least part of the pectoralis major muscle and the entire pectoralis minor muscle, in 573 @entity1 ; 303 @entity1 had positive axillary lymph nodes. Adjuvant radiotherapy to the chest wall and regional lymph nodes was given to 74 @entity1 , whereas an additional 414 @entity1 underwent irradiation to the internal mammary and medial supraclavicular lymph nodes. The median follow-up was 91 months. RESULTS: The actuarial overall survival rate was 82% at 5 years and 63% at 10 years. The 10-year chest wall and regional lymph node control rates, including @entity1 with prior distant failures, were 95% and 94%, respectively. The only two significant prognostic factors for locoregional recurrence on multivariate analysis were lymph node status and pathologic @entity5 size. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent locoregional control can be achieved with a modified technique of radical mastectomy in @entity1 with negative apical biopsy and the selective use of comprehensive radiotherapy. These results may serve as a reference outcome for comparison with other locoregional treatment strategies.

title: Low risk of locoregional recurrence of primary XXXX after treatment with a modification of the Halsted radical mastectomy and selective use of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: A 30-year-old nulliparous @entity1 was seen for a detailed ultrasound scan at 20 weeks of gestation. The scan revealed a male fetus with truncus arteriosus, @entity1757 , absent thymus and sacral meningomyelocele. A 46,XY karyotype with a 22q11 deletion was detected. The parents chose to terminate the pregnancy. The pathological autopsy showed normal facial structures, minimal @entity2554 in the brain and a sacral meningomyelocele. @entity3928 and a left @entity1848 were also noted. An aplastic thymus with absent parathyroid glands was detected. The cardiac examination was consistent with the ultrasound diagnosis. The parental karyotypes were both normal. @entity31357 is caused by a chromosome 22q11 deletion. It includes sacral meningomyelocele and conotruncal @entity299 , unlike @entity2418 . Obstetricians should consider this a not so rare entity when they detect conotruncal abnormalities and a meningomyelocele as part of a 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of a 22q11 deletion in a second-trimester fetus with @entity2418 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31357 :: ('MESH:C537223', 'Disease') :: ['Kousseff syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['Overlapping toes']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['membranous ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge syndrome']

answer: @entity31357 :: (MESH:C537223,Disease) :: ['absent thymus and meningomyelocele: Kousseff syndrome']


abstract: Local anesthetic infiltration is painful and frightening for @entity1 . We prospectively compared a topical alternative, @entity11636 solution ( @entity6513 0.5%, adrenaline 1:2,000, @entity2072 11.8%), with 1% @entity3303 infiltration for use in laceration repair in 467 @entity1 . Adequate anesthesia of @entity28583 was achieved for 81% of @entity11636 -treated wounds versus 87% of @entity3303 -treated wounds (P = .005). @entity11636 was less effective on extremity wounds; 43% had effective anesthesia compared with 89% of @entity3303 -treated extremity wounds (P less than .0001). No systemic @entity137 was observed. The incidence of wound @entity281 was 2.2% for both @entity11636 and @entity3303 . Wound dehiscence occurred in seven @entity11636 - and two @entity3303 -treated @entity28583 (4.5% vs 1.8%, NS) and in five @entity11636 - and four @entity3303 -treated extremity wounds (20% vs 17.4%, NS). The unusually high rate of dehiscence was due partially to recurrent @entity130 or coincident @entity281 . @entity11636 was well accepted by @entity1 and parents. We encourage the careful use of @entity11636 as a less painful alternative to @entity3303 infiltration for selected scalp and @entity4551 in @entity1 .

title: Comparison of topical @entity6513 , adrenaline, and XXXX anesthesia with @entity3303 infiltration for repair of lacerations in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28583 :: ('MESH:D012536', 'Disease') :: ['facial and scalp wounds', 'facial or scalp wounds']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['facial lacerations']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) symptoms may confer risk for @entity73 in @entity71 ( @entity71 ). We investigated @entity73 in relation to academic performance and impairment in 252 @entity1 (ages 6-12, 67% @entity1 ) with @entity71 . Parents and teachers completed @entity73 and @entity73 ratings, and achievement in reading, math, and spelling was assessed. Simultaneous regressions controlling for IQ, @entity71 , and comorbidities were conducted. Total @entity73 predicted parent-rated impairments in writing, mathematics, and overall school but not reading. Parent-rated @entity73 Slow predicted poorer reading and spelling, but not math achievement. Teacher-rated @entity73 Slow predicted poorer spelling and math, but not reading achievement. Parent-rated @entity73 Slow predicted greater @entity73 ratings across all domains, whereas teacher-rated @entity73 Slow predicted greater impairment in writing only. Age and gender did not moderate these relationships with the exception of @entity73 ; @entity73 slow predicted @entity73 for younger but not older @entity1 . Parent and teacher @entity73 Sleepy and Daydreamy ratings were not significant predictors. @entity73 Slow appears to be uniquely related to @entity4207 in @entity71 , and may be important to assess and potentially target in intervention. More work is needed to better understand the nature of @entity73 Slow symptoms in relation to inattention and amotivation.

title: Slow sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms are associated with poorer academic performance in XXXX with @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['academic impairment', 'SCT', 'Sluggish cognitive tempo', 'math impairment']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The incidence and mortality rates of primary @entity96 (PLC) among residents of Brooklyn, New York, were studied for 1976 through 1983. Standardized race and sex-specific incidence and mortality rates and rate ratios were computed and compared with overall US rates as reported by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program. The results indicate a significant excess of PLC among all race and sex groupings. A comparison of the degree of agreement between incidence and mortality data for Brooklyn residents showed excellent agreement among male @entity1 with PLC and adequate agreement among female @entity1 with PLC. Next, the effect of occupation on PLC mortality among Brooklyn residents was assessed. Specific occupations found to be at excess risk for PLC are private household workers (ratio of observed to expected cases [O/E] = 4.34; P less than 0.0001), non-domestic cleaning and food and beverage service workers (O/E = 2.59; P less than 0.0001), protective service workers (O/E = 1.78; P = 0.035), and transport equipment operatives (O/E = 1.52; P = 0.027). Since the distribution of Brooklyn workers employed in these occupations was found to be similar to the distribution of all US workers employed in these occupations, it is unlikely that these occupational risk factors can explain the observed excess of PLC among Brooklyn residents. The effects of non-occupational risk factors for PLC were then assessed using multiple regression analysis. The only non-occupational risk factor found to be associated with PLC among Brooklyn residents was @entity1575 (P = 0.0072). It is interesting that of the four occupations found to be at excess risk for PLC in this study, three have been previously shown to be at excess risk for @entity82 mortality. Moreover, Brooklyn residents have @entity82 mortality rates that are approximately two times higher than US rates. These facts, coupled with the findings of this study, support the hypothesis that the excess of PLC observed among Brooklyn residents might be related to an excess of @entity1575 in the same population, and thus provide support for an etiologic role of @entity82 in the pathogenesis of PLC.

title: Occupational and non-occupational risk factors in relation to an XXXX observed among residents of Brooklyn, New York.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['excess of primary liver cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate racial disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 among a contemporary series of @entity1 from a large diverse national data base. METHODS: Using the 1998-2012 National Cancer Data Base, all @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) were stratified by race and ethnicity. @entity66 characteristics were compared between groups. Likelihood of undergoing surgery and type of surgery were compared among @entity1 with non-metastatic disease. Factors influencing disease stage and treatment type were analyzed with univariate and multivariable logistic regressions. Overall survival was examined with Kaplan Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: We identified 12,090 @entity1 with penile @entity957 with median age 66 years (range 18-90). 76.8% of @entity1 are Caucasian, 10.2% AA, 8.7% Hispanic. On multivariable analysis, Hispanic @entity1 are more likely to present with high risk (>= T1G3) penile @entity957 (OR 1.6; CI 1.20 - 2.00; p=0.001) and tend to undergo penectomy rather than penile-sparing surgery (OR 1.46; CI 1.15-1.85; p=0.002) for equal stage @entity957 compared to Caucasian @entity1 . Whereas, AA @entity1 are less likely to undergo surgery of any type (OR 0.67; CI 0.51-0.87; p=0.003) and have higher mortality rates than Caucasian @entity1 (HR 1.25; CI 1.10-1.42; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic @entity1 with penile @entity957 are more likely to present with high-risk disease and undergo more aggressive treatment than Caucasian @entity1 but have comparable survival. AA @entity1 are less likely to undergo surgical management of their disease and have higher mortality rates.

title: Racial Disparities Differ for African Americans and Hispanics in the Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['penile cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic and disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Penile Cancer']


abstract: Responses can be achieved with @entity8947 or @entity10542 after failure of 2 prior @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We report on 48 chronic @entity2800 @entity1 sequentially treated with 3 TKIs: 34 with @entity8947 after @entity2213 / @entity10542 failure and 14 with @entity10542 after @entity2213 / @entity8947 failure. Before the third TKI, 25 @entity1 were in @entity2212 ( @entity2212 ), 10 in accelerated phase (AP), and 13 in blast phase (BP). Best response to third TKI in @entity2212 was 5 major molecular responses (MMR), 3 complete cytogenetic (CCyR), 2 partial cytogenetic (PCyR), 3 minor cytogenetic (mCyR), 6 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ), and 6 with no response (NR). In AP, 1 @entity1 achieved MMR, 1 CCyR, 2 PCyR, 1 mCyR, 4 @entity1503 , and 1 NR. In BP, 1 achieved MMR, 2 CCyR, 1 PCyR, 1 mCyR, 2 returned to @entity2212 , and 6 NR. Median CCyR duration was 16.3 months; 3 @entity2212 @entity1 achieving CCyR had a response more than 12 months. Median failure-free survival was 20 months for @entity1 in @entity2212 , 5 months in AP, and 3 months in BP. Use of second-generation TKI after failure to 2 TKIs may induce responses, but these are usually not durable except in some @entity2212 @entity1 . New treatment options are needed.

title: The use of XXXX or @entity8947 after failure to 2 prior @entity669 kinase inhibitors: long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['complete hematologic responses', 'CHR']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity10542 :: ('MESH:C498826', 'Chemical') :: ['nilotinib']

answer: @entity10542 :: (MESH:C498826,Chemical) :: ['nilotinib']