abstract: Three techniques for treatment of chronic @entity1211 on an out @entity1 basis were compared in a randomised study. One hundred thirty eight limbs (107 @entity1 ) with superficial @entity1211 were randomly treated with the dentist's technique (DT) [Group A, 44 limbs], compression sclerotherapy (CS) [Group B, 45 limbs] or the SAVAS (section en Ambulatoire des Varices avec Scl  roth  rapie) technique [Group C, 49 limbs]. @entity1 were evaluated and followed up (every year for 4 years) with ambulatory venous pressure (AVP) measurements and Quantum angiodynography (colour duplex scanning). DT consisted in the section under local anesthesia of incompetent veins. CS was done injecting @entity5324 3% with compression applied for 4 weeks. The SAVAS was done with a combination of DT and CS with section of the incompetent veins under local anesthesia and retrograde injection in the distal vein of @entity5324 3%. With this type of injection only incompetent veins were perfused. After 4 years there was a significantly lower @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) with AVP in the SAVAS group (21 sec). @entity1054 was 13 sec in group B and 16 in A. The number of significantly incompetent residual veins was in average 0.5 in the SAVAS group, significantly lower than in the other two groups. Also the average cost per treated limb was significantly lower in the SAVAS group (917 francs in comparison with 1100 in group A and 1211 in group B). In conclusion considering the four year follow up, the SAVAS technique is a more effective treatment of superficial @entity1211 , its hemodynamic value is superior to sclerotherapy alone and its costs are lower.

title: Treatment of superficial XXXX with the SAVAS technique--(Section Ambulatoire des Varices avec Scl  roth  rapie). A 4 year randomised, controlled trial comparing venous hemodynamic and costing after SAVAS, sclerotherapy and the dentist's technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'refilling time']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous incompetence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study of @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 in eloquent brain areas were 1) to assess the postoperative functional outcome, 2) to determine the extent of @entity5 resection in these difficult locations, 3) to evaluate the practical usefulness of navigated blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography. @entity1 AND METHODS: 25 consecutive @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity1 ' gross functional neurological status was determined using the 7-step modified Rankin scale. The extent of @entity5 resection was determined using pre- and postoperative T(1)-weighted or T(1)-weighted, contrast-enhanced MRI images. RESULTS: The average preoperative modified Rankin scale was 1.56+/-0.77, whereas the average postoperative modified Rankin scale was 1.08+/-1.29. There was a significant improvement in mean modified Rankin scale score after surgery. The mean percentage of @entity5 was calculated to 16+/-22% of the original @entity5 volume (median 8%). Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography were performed in 23 and 18 @entity1 , respectively. Blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor tractography facilitated identification of probable functional regions in 91% and 94% of the respective investigations. CONCLUSION: We feel that the combination of blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor tractography, and 3D ultrasound facilitated maximal @entity5 resection with minimal deficits. The method permits an image-based functional monitoring of the brain during surgery that may aid the preservation of motor and language function.

title: Surgical resection of high-grade XXXX in eloquent regions guided by blood oxygenation level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor tractography, and intraoperative navigated 3D ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The prevalence of arterial @entity101 was evaluated in a retrospective study of 158 @entity1 with @entity2012 , and results were compared to control populations, namely, the @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and the Framingham Study. The prevalence of @entity101 (defined according to WHO criteria) was significantly increased in female @entity1 but not in @entity1 ; hypertensive acromegalics were older and tended to have higher body weight compared to normotensive @entity1 . @entity101 was not related to serum concentrations of growth hormone. After successful treatment of @entity2012 , growth hormone levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell only in female hypertensive acromegalics; this did not occur in normotensives. The rise in plasma @entity916 activity in response to upright posture was diminished in 57.9% of acromegalic @entity1 . The prevalence of low- @entity916 @entity101 in our group of @entity1 was 31.6%, which is similar to figures reported for unselected non-acromegalic subjects with essential @entity101 . Orthostatic @entity916 activity was weakly and inversely related (r = -0.3) to blood pressure. No relationship between plasma @entity1369 concentration and blood pressure could be detected; however, in acromegalic @entity1 , @entity1369 rose higher after ambulation than in @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity101 is a common problem in @entity2012 and at least in part related to similar risk factors in control populations. The association with abnormalities of the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system is difficult to interpret and does not offer an explanation for the slight increase in the prevalence of @entity101 .

title: @entity2012 and XXXX : prevalence and relationship to the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['MBPS', 'Munich Blood Pressure Study']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The growth of Thermoactinomyces @entity6248 on solid media was studied by microculture technique. Starting from a germinating spore the further development was followed by phase contrast microscopy. From serially taken photographs the kinetics of growth and branching of the mycelium was calculated. Also some observations on morphological behaviour were made. Regarding the total mycelium developing from one spore the growth occurred witha constant exponential growth rate, at least for the time tested (about ten doublings). The constancy of the mycelial growth rate was not attributed to constant rates of hyphal growth or branching. The hyphal growth rate increased during the development of the mycelium, so that the length produced by a hypha within a given time was smallest after germination and largest at the end of the experiment. Between the first and the 10th doubling of the mycelium the mean hyphal growth rate increased by the factor 27, in some cultures even by the factor 40. While hyphal growth changed from exponential to linear, branching was first linear and then approached exponential kinetics. Under different conditions of cultivation mycelia could have identical doubling times, but different @entity851 . @entity375 extract caused a reduction of the hyphal growth rate and an enhancement of branching. Likewise the diminution of the supply of @entity26 did not reduce the mycelial growth rate, but markedly decreased the hyphal growth rate, especially of the germ tube. The data obtained concerning the kinetics of growth and branching can be explained by a special form of cooperation of cytoplasmic and cell wall synthesis. With respect to the synthesis of cytoplasma a T. @entity6248 mycelium behaves as one individual, which is not differentiated into replicating and non replicating areas (as recently was shown to be likely for @entity13891 by Schuhmann and Bergter 1976). The mycelial growth rate thus reflects the rate of the synthesis of cytoplasm. The hyphal growth rate is moreover determined by the rate of cell wall synthesis at the tip of each hypha. The observed increase of the hyphal growth rate is explainable by an acceleration of the cell wall synthesis during the development of the mycelium. Probably the branching is regulated indirectly. According to the different manner of cytoplasmic and cell wall synthesis, within a hypha a balance between both processes is maintainable only for a limited time. As soon as the momentary apical capacity for cell wall synthesis is exhausted, the balance is attained anew by originating a new site for wall synthesis, i.e. by branching. Branching was often defective. Especially in the absence of @entity375 extract a lot of lateral branches arose, which ceased further growth at an average length of 2.5 micron. It is suggested that @entity375 extract supports the transport of the nucleoids into the lateral branches, which otherwise is often infeasible. Reduction of the supply of @entity26 favoured apical branching, so that dichotomous forms resulted.

title: Kinetics of vegetative growth of Thermoactinomyces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['hyphal growth rates and vice versa']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13891 :: ('1912', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces hygroscopicus']

answer: @entity6248 :: (MESH:D016112,Disease) :: ['vulgaris']


abstract: Activated macrophages synthesize @entity842 (NO) from @entity534 . In culture, the major stable end product is @entity3542 ( @entity6836 ). Activated macrophages accumulate in glomeruli and are responsible for injury in experimental immune complex @entity631 . We examined @entity6836 - production by isolated glomeruli and urinary @entity6836 - in accelerated @entity1310 in the @entity35 . Normal glomeruli did not produce @entity6836 - spontaneously or when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 microgram/ml) or @entity3365 (2 microgram/ml). Cultured mesangial cells at first or seventh passage did not produce @entity6836 - spontaneously or when stimulated. Nephritic glomeruli spontaneously produced @entity6836 at all times studied; this production was maximal at 24 hours after induction of @entity631 (158.4 +/- 8.4 nmol/48 hr/ml, N = 3). The production of @entity6836 - was inhibited 75 to 100% by @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), and this inhibition was reversed by @entity534 , indicating @entity6836 - production from @entity534 via NO. The production of @entity6836 - was increased by LPS (1 microgram/ml) at 2, 7 and 21 days. @entity6836 - was undetectable in normal @entity35 urine; however, it was present in urine of @entity35 with @entity631 (Day 0 to 1:8161 +/- 2605 nmol/24 hr. N = 12). The production of NO in nephritic glomeruli may have implications for both the mechanism of @entity8 and glomerular hemodynamics.

title: Glomeruli synthesize @entity3542 in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotoxic nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity1310 :: (MESH:D009393,Disease) :: ['nephrotoxic nephritis']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 with @entity252 presented with @entity463 multiforme manifesting as a 2-week history of motor weakness of the bilateral extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple heterogeneously enhanced @entity5 in the bilateral frontal lobes. Angiography showed no @entity5 stain or arteriovenous shunt. The @entity5 was partially removed through a right craniotomy. The histological diagnosis was @entity463 . Immunohistochemical examination showed no @entity8634 - @entity3141 methyltransferase protein expression. Postoperative local radiotherapy (60 Gy/30 fractions) combined with @entity2903 (75 mg/m(2) x 42 days) and interferon-beta (3,000,000 U, 3 times/week) was performed. The @entity1 's clinical status rapidly deteriorated during chemoradiotherapy, and he died of @entity5 progression 3.5 months after the surgery. Postmortem examination revealed @entity463 infiltrating the basal ganglia and thalamus. @entity252 is associated with increased @entity5 predisposition, especially for @entity2675 and @entity2971 , but @entity11 is extremely rare. The abnormal genetic constitution of this @entity1 may have been directly responsible for the poor outcome.

title: @entity463 multiforme associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8634 :: ('MESH:C008449', 'Chemical') :: ['O(6)-methylguanine']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity2675 :: ('MESH:D018567', 'Disease') :: ['male breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ['Klinefelter syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['widespread glioblastoma', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity252 :: (MESH:D007713,Disease) :: ['klinefelter syndrome']


abstract: Dynamic changes in quantitative aspects of mating behavior of the male @entity238 as its life unfolds, from eclosion through maturity (peak performance) and "physiological @entity204 " (loss of fertility followed by complete loss of ability to mate), towards @entity204 , have been identified in this work by observations and measurements on 28 male @entity238 of the Oregon R strain studied individually. At weekly sessions from the first day of their imaginal life until their natural @entity204 , each @entity238 was given the opportunity to mate with up to three virgin females during a one-hour period. Length of the latency period of each accomplished mating and duration of copulation were recorded. After mating the females were allowed to lay eggs for 24 hours and the number of offspring was counted 26 days later. The period between 1 and 4 weeks of age is characterized by peak and fairly constant performance: multiple matings, short latencies, long durations of copulation, and high degree of fertility (number of offspring); then a decline sets in, in some measures slower than in others, as the flies age. Large intra- and inter-individual variabilities were, however, found which obscure possible correlations between individual measures of mating ability and length of life. At the individual level, a preliminary analysis showed a good correlation (r = 0.80 and 0.79) between life span and week of last mating (onset of @entity323 ) or week of last fertile mating (onset of sterility). At the population level it was found that a number of measures, i.e. number of remaining maters at each age, number of remaining fertile maters and total number of matings, had an age-course similar to survivorship but anticipated it by 4--6 weeks. Other measures, such as number of multiple matings and number of offspring declined with age faster than survivorship.

title: Quantitative analysis of mating behavior in aging male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['actual death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fruit fly', 'fruit flies', 'fly']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the pediatric emergency medicine management of @entity1 who present with @entity5274 ( @entity5274 )-related complaints and identify opportunities for improving care and preventing @entity532 . METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study of @entity1 (aged <18 years) who received care at an urban @entity1 's hospital (110 beds) @entity341 ( @entity341 ) for @entity5274 -related complaints. RESULTS: Over a 23-month period, there were 181 @entity341 @entity1 visits by 77 @entity1 for @entity5274 -related complaints. The mean number of visits per @entity1 was 2.4. There were 159 (88%) @entity5274 and 22 (12%) gastrojejunostomy tube (GJ-tube) @entity1 visits. The standard type of @entity5274 used at the study site @entity341 was an adjustable-length tube. The most common complaint for G-tubes was dislodgement (99, 62%); and for GJ-tubes, malfunction (11, 50%). There were 119 @entity1 visits (75%) needing @entity5274 replacement. Of these, 115 (97%) were successfully replaced in the @entity341 , 85 (74%) by the pediatric emergency medicine attending physician, and 30 (26%) by the pediatric surgery service. The method of securing or documenting the intragastric depth of the adjustable-length tubes was documented in 15 (10%) of the 157 @entity1 who had G-tubes or foley catheters at the time of @entity341 disposition. The most common major @entity5274 complication was @entity1084 (3), and the most common major GJ-tube complication was @entity1174 (3) secondary to gastric malposition (2) or dislodgement (1) of the GJ-tube. Only 9 @entity1 visits (5%) resulted in hospitalization, and there were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with G-tubes had approximately 1.25 mean @entity341 visits per year for @entity5274 complaints. The most common @entity5274 complaint was dislodgement. Most dislodged G-tubes were replaced by @entity341 physicians without the assistance of surgeons, but documentation of management and methods of securing the tubes was often incomplete. There were few major complications or hospitalizations. Treatment guidelines are presented that emphasize documentation of confirming @entity5274 location at the time of disposition from the @entity341 .

title: Gastrostomy tube-related complaints in the pediatric XXXX : identifying opportunities for improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['G-tube complications']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube', 'G-tube']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prescription monitoring programs (PMPs) are statewide databases containing prescriber and @entity1 -level prescription data on select drugs of abuse. These databases are used by medical professionals or law enforcement officials to identify @entity1 with prescription drug use patterns indicative of abuse or providers engaging in illegal activities. Most states have implemented PMPs in an attempt to curb prescription @entity734 and diversion. However, assessment of their impact on @entity734 is only beginning. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between PMPs and opioid misuse over time in two @entity734 surveillance data sources. METHODS: Data from the RADARS   System Poison Center and Opioid Treatment surveillance databases were used to obtain measures of abuse and misuse of opioids. Repeated measures negative binomial regression was applied to quarterly surveillance data (from 2003 to mid-2009) to estimate and compare @entity4784 and misuse trends. PMP presence was modeled as a time varying covariate for each state. RESULTS: Results support an association between PMPs and mitigated @entity4784 and misuse trends. Without a PMP in place, Poison Center intentional exposures increased, on average, 1.9% per quarter, whereas opioid intentional exposures increase 0.2% (P = 0.036) per quarter with a PMP in place. Opioid treatment admissions increase, on average, 4.9% per quarter in states without a PMP vs 2.6% (P = 0.058) in states with a PMP. In addition to the time trend, population and a measure of drug availability were also significant predictors. A secondary analysis that classified PMP based upon ideal characteristic showed consistent though not significant results. CONCLUSIONS: Two observational data sources offer preliminary support that PMPs are effective. Future efforts should evaluate what PMP characteristics are most effective and which opioids are most impacted.

title: Do prescription monitoring programs impact state trends in XXXX /misuse?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid abuse']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

answer: @entity4784 :: (MESH:D009293,Disease) :: ['opioid abuse']


abstract: To investigate the relationship between APACHE II, @entity130 ( @entity130 ), Glasgow @entity772 Score (GCS), and behavioral outcome, a group of 39 @entity1 who had been admitted on an emergency basis with a @entity542 were selected from the Neuropsychology Registry for study. Except for @entity1314 and cognitive changes, all of the @entity1 were making good neurological recoveries. The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery, which has been shown to be accurate in identifying brain-damaged @entity1 , was used as the measure of outcome. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 16 to 49 years (mean, 25.6; SD, 9.3). The @entity1 ' educational levels ranged from elementary school to college (mean, 11.6 years of education; SD, 1.5). @entity73 ( @entity73 ) ranged from 0.0 to 1.0 (mean, 0.6; SD, 0.26). APACHE II scores were calculated using the worst values, obtained during the first 24 hours. These scores ranged from 5 to 35 (mean, 16; SD, 7). APACHE II was found to not significantly correlate with @entity73 (r = 0.21, P greater than .05). @entity130 was calculated for each @entity1 and ranged from 5 to 70 (mean, 27; SD, 13). @entity130 was found to significantly correlate with @entity73 (r = 0.38, P less than .01). GCS ranged from 3 to 15 (mean, 9.3; SD, 3.4). Of all the correlations, GCS was the most strongly correlated with outcome as measured by the @entity73 (r = -0.44, P less than .01). Our data emphasize that head-injured @entity1 have subtle @entity73 even when apparently recovering well and demonstrate the need for formal psychological evaluation in all @entity1 with injury significant enough to warrant hospitalization.

title: Psychological consequences of blunt XXXX and relation to other indices of severity of injury.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Halstead Impairment Indexes', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'HII']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic head injury']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['subtle personality']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ISS', 'Injury Severity Score']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: There is concern that research reimbursements to adolescents may increase substance use. However, these concerns have not been examined empirically. @entity1 were 70 adolescents (13-19 years) with at least one non- @entity1239 @entity734 ( @entity734 ) enrolled in a 12-week clinical trial of @entity4678 /placebo for @entity71 ( @entity71 ). Adolescent @entity1 received cash reimbursement after each study visit (maximum possible =  425 over 12 weeks). @entity1 reported each week how they spent the previous reimbursement. Results were tallied, and correlates of spending a payment on substances were examined. Results showed that 26 of 70 subjects reported spending at least one research payment on @entity167 or drugs, and 25 of 70 subjects reported spending at least one payment on @entity286 . Comparing those who did and did not spend a research payment on @entity167 /drugs, those who did had more frequent baseline @entity167 /drug use but did not differ in demographics (age, gender) or other clinical characteristics ( @entity71 severity, diagnosis of @entity9054 , number of @entity734 diagnoses, number of treatment sessions attended, or pre/post-change in number of days used substances in the past 28 days). Comparing those who did and did not spend a payment on @entity286 , those who did were slightly older and had more frequent baseline @entity286 use. In conclusion, a significant proportion of subjects used at least a portion of one research payment to buy @entity167 , drugs or @entity286 . However, there was little indication that research payments increased substance use.

title: How adolescents with XXXX spend research payments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance use disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1729 (LRTI) is one of the commonest reasons for consulting and antibiotic prescribing. There are theoretical reasons why treatment with particular antibiotic classes may aid recovery more than others, but empirical, pragmatic evidence is lacking. We investigated whether treatment with a particular antibiotic class ( @entity115 ) was more strongly associated with symptom score resolution and time to @entity1 reporting recovery than each of eight other antibiotic classes or no antibiotic treatment for acute cough/LRTI. METHODS: Clinicians recorded history, examination findings, symptom severity and antibiotic treatment for 3402 @entity1 in a 13 country prospective observational study of adults presenting in 14 primary care research networks with acute cough/LRTI. 2714 @entity1 completed a symptom score daily for up to 28 days and recorded the day on which they felt recovered. A three-level autoregressive moving average model (1,1) model investigated logged daily symptom scores to analyse symptom resolution. A two-level survival model analysed time to reported recovery. Clinical presentation was controlled for using clinician-recorded symptoms, sputum colour, temperature, age, co-morbidities, smoking status and duration of illness prior to consultation. RESULTS: Compared with @entity115 , no antibiotic class (and no antibiotic treatment) was associated with clinically relevant improved symptom resolution (all coefficients in the range -0.02 to 0.01 and all P values greater than 0.12). No antibiotic class (and no antibiotic treatment) was associated with faster time to recovery than @entity115 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment by antibiotic class was not associated with symptom resolution or time to recovery in adults presenting to primary care with acute cough/LRTI.

title: Treatment of XXXX by antibiotic class and associated outcomes: a 13 European country observational study in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Acute cough/lower respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['acute cough/lower respiratory tract infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study's aim was to assess the use of intravesical injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) as a treatment of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) in @entity1 . METHODS: A 6-year retrospective study of @entity1 who received BoNT-A for @entity2182 was performed. Treatment outcome was classified as @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), partial success (PS) or treatment failure (TF). RESULTS: Of the 57 @entity1 who received BoNT-A treatment for @entity2182 , 35 were males. @entity1939 occurred in 74.2% of males and 54.5% of females. PS was achieved in 20% of males and 18.2% of females. TF occurred in 2.9% of males and 22.7% of females. Anticholinergics had previously been used and had been effective in 58.6% and 83.3% of males and females. Significant side effects to medications were experienced in 12 (41.4%) males and 4 (22.2%) females. Of these, BoNT-A achieved @entity1939 in seven (53.3%) males and two (50%) females and PS in three (25%) males and one (25%) female. BoNT-A was successful in seven (58.3%) males and two (66.7%) females where anticholinergics were ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: BoNT-A has a role in a carefully selected subgroup of @entity1 with @entity2182 including those with medication side effects and treatment compliance issues. It may have a role in @entity1 who do not respond to conventional therapy.

title: Urinary incontinence in XXXX : botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment option.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete success', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder symptoms', 'overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The role of the @entity15659 protein in modulating influenza A virulence and host range was assessed by adapting A/Hong Kong/1/1968 (H3N2) (HK-wt) to increased virulence in the @entity19 . Sequencing the NS genome segment of @entity19 -adapted variants revealed 11 mutations in the @entity15659 gene and 4 in the overlapping @entity31690 gene. Using the HK-wt virus and reverse genetics to incorporate mutant NS gene segments, we demonstrated that all @entity15659 mutations were adaptive and enhanced virus replication (up to 100 fold) in @entity19 cells and/or lungs. All but one @entity15659 mutant was associated with increased virulence measured by survival and weight loss in the @entity19 . Ten of twelve @entity15659 mutants significantly enhanced @entity12421 antagonism to reduce the level of @entity12421 production relative to HK-wt in infected @entity19 lungs at 1 day post infection, where 9 mutants induced viral yields in the lung that were equivalent to or significantly greater than HK-wt (up to 16 fold increase). Eight of 12 @entity15659 mutants had reduced or lost the ability to bind the 30 kDa cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF30) thus demonstrating a lack of correlation with reduced @entity12421 production. Mutant @entity15659 genes resulted in increased viral mRNA transcription (10 of 12 mutants), and protein production (6 of 12 mutants) in @entity19 cells. Increased transcription activity was demonstrated in the influenza mini-genome assay for 7 of 11 @entity15659 mutants. Although we have shown gain-of-function properties for all mutant NS genes, the contribution of the @entity31690 mutations to phenotypic changes remains to be assessed. This study demonstrates that @entity15659 is a multifunctional virulence factor subject to adaptive evolution.

title: Multifunctional adaptive NS1 mutations are selected upon human influenza virus evolution in the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity775 is an inflammatory chronic disease of the liver, which frequently results in @entity82 . The present study aimed to verify the relationship between plasma cells and stellate cells in autoimmune @entity99 . Thirty-three pre-treatment, 11 post-treatment, and 10 normal liver biopsies were reviewed. Sirius Red staining (for semi-quantitative analysis of @entity1575 ) and immunohistochemistry were carried out: double staining for smooth muscle a-actin and plasma cell marker (for detection and localization of activated hepatic stellate cells and plasma cells, respectively); and single staining for glial fibrillary acid protein (for detection of hepatic stellate cells). We found an increase in the stellate cell population, mainly with an activated phenotype in autoimmune @entity99 , compared to the control group (liver specimens with no histological evidence of @entity409 , obtained from @entity1 undergoing hepatic resection for benign liver mass). A positive significant correlation was observed between stellate cells and scores of @entity82 (measured by Sirius Red) and the number of plasma cells. Additionally, there was a co-localization of plasma cells and activated stellate cells. We also observed a reduction in the number of plasma cells, hepatic stellate cells, and @entity82 in @entity1 who had successfully been treated and had a second liver biopsy post-treatment. Our findings support that the number of plasma cells can be a surrogate marker for the severity of @entity409 , reflecting the number of hepatic stellate cells and the amount of @entity82 . It remains to be seen if this is a result of a direct interaction between the plasma cells and hepatic stellate cells or the response to the same stimulus that affects both cellular types.

title: Relationship between plasma cells and hepatic stellate cells in autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effect of acid suppression on upper airway structure and function in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity354 ( @entity354 ). METHODS: This is a single-site within-subjects design. Twenty five @entity1 with documented mild @entity27 and objectively documented @entity354 via 24-hour pH measurement were included in the study. @entity1 were studied before and after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity7619 , 20 mg, twice a day. Subjects underwent laryngoscopy, polysomnography, and 24-hour pH monitoring. Subjective assessments of sleep obtained included the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Posterior commissure @entity4 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and the Reflux Finding Score was improved (p < 0.07). Objective and subjective sleep parameters were significantly improved, sleep-onset latency was significantly reduced (26.2 vs 11.2, p < 0.05), and sleep-related acid contact time was significantly reduced (8.0% vs 1.7% p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the @entity27 index. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mild @entity27 and documented @entity354 , acid suppression improves upper airway abnormalities, as well as objective and subjective measures of @entity25 . Aggressive treatment of @entity354 in @entity1 with @entity27 may be helpful in the overall treatment of this select @entity1 population.

title: The effect of acid suppression on upper airway anatomy and obstruction in XXXX with sleep apnea and @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A deletion/insertion (Del/Ins) polymorphism of 28 base pairs (bp) in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of @entity2002 alpha gene ( @entity22802 ) was associated with @entity1031 , but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Computational predication reveals that the 28 bp polymorphic fragment is complementary to the sequence of a microRNA, @entity26948 . In this study, we aim to investigate the association and implicated mechanisms between @entity22802 polymorphisms and the susceptibility to @entity120 ( @entity120 ). The Del/Ins polymorphism was analyzed in 190 @entity1 with @entity120 and 628 controls. The @entity22802 3'UTR and @entity26948 interaction was investigated using luciferase assay and quantitative RT-PCR method. Expression of @entity26948 and @entity22802 in @entity1 tissues was investigated by RT-PCR. The results reveal that the allele frequency of Ins was significantly higher in the @entity1 than in the controls (55.8 vs. 47.1%, P=0.003, odds ratio=1.42, 95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.79). Both @entity26948 and @entity22802 were expressed in @entity1 liver. Co-transfection of @entity26948 decreased the expression and mRNA stability of reporter gene containing the @entity22802 3'UTR. The effect of @entity26948 was stronger on the Ins allele than on the Del allele. These observations suggest that the expression of @entity22802 was regulated by @entity26948 through its interaction at the polymorphic 3'UTR sequence, which was associated with the susceptibility to @entity120 .

title: Susceptibility to XXXX may be conferred by @entity26948 via its targeted interaction with polymorphic @entity2002 alpha gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic diseases']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension']


abstract:
Background. Bone @entity3 in the knee are rare. The most difficult challenge in this area is to achieve a stabile fixation. The aim of the study was to evaluate results of various techniques of operative treatment of bone @entity3 to the knee in relation to its localisation and lesion patomorphology.
 Material and methods. We assed 13 @entity1 (5,9%) out of 220 treated operatively. The destruction area was located in femur in 12 @entity1 and in 1 in tibia. Bone @entity3 were found in physis of femur in 5 @entity1 and cross the line drawn through epicondyles. In 8, @entity3 were located in the epicondylar area. @entity174 were noted in 7 @entity1 .
 Results. Successful stabilisation was achieved in 4 @entity1 without pathological @entity174 and in one @entity1 where we resected distal part of femur and stabilised it with tibia using K  ntscher nail, plate and bone cement.
 In 8 @entity1 complications were observed. One died due to @entity1151 on the fifth day after operation. In 3 @entity1 we observed local recurence of @entity5 if the curetage alone was performed. In 2 cases where we used 2 rods introduced from the epicondylar area the stabilisation become loose. It was due to short distal femoral part. In one @entity1 we noticed stress @entity174 of plate and in one the stabilisation of tibia and femur become unstabile because of local progression of @entity3 .

title: Technique and results of operative treatment of bone XXXX to the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurotrophic factors (nerve growth factor [NGF], @entity2252 [ @entity2252 ] and @entity6352 [ @entity6352 ]) are growth factors implicated in the growth and differentiation of brain nerve cells. An involvement of these factors in the biology and progression of some specific @entity5 has been suggested. In accordance with the role of neurotrophic factors in @entity5 behaviour the aim of the present study was to investigate their expression in two childhood @entity1313 , namely low-grade @entity816 and @entity424 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the NGF, @entity2252 , @entity6352 and NGF receptors ( @entity2250 and @entity2251 ) expression in the @entity5 tissues, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of ten @entity1 affected by low-grade @entity816 and @entity424 . Control tissue samples (together with CSF and plasma samples) were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgery for cerebral @entity455 . RESULTS: The expression of NGF decreases both in @entity5 samples and in the CSF of affected @entity1 compared with controls. @entity2252 instead increases in CSF, while the expression of @entity6352 remains unchanged both in tissues and in CSF. No differences were found in @entity19562 plasma levels in @entity1 or in controls. Gene expression of NGF and its high-affinity receptor ( @entity2250 ) are reduced in @entity5 tissues, whereas the number of cells immunopositive to the low-affinity NGF receptor ( @entity2251 ) is increased. CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of NGF and @entity2250 has been shown in low-grade @entity816 and @entity424 . These findings may be related to the role of this neurotrophin in cell differentiation and apoptosis. The different expression of NGF, @entity2252 , and @entity6352 in low-grade @entity816 and @entity424 suggests that a different degree of redundancy exists among members of the @entity19562 family and that their expression may be correlated with the biology and the behaviour of these @entity5 .

title: @entity19562 expression in childhood low-grade XXXX and @entity424 .

entities_list: @entity6352 :: ('2668', 'Gene') :: ['glial-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular or epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity19562 :: ('4908', 'Gene') :: ['neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) is a common @entity66 with malignant transformation potential. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity8619 who developed @entity957 ( @entity957 ). METHOD AND MATERIALS: The medical records of 2,119 @entity1 with @entity8619 at West China College of Stomatology, China, from 1951 to 2006, were reviewed. Data were taken from the records of 23 @entity1 with @entity8619 who developed @entity957 . RESULTS: The rate of malignant transformation in @entity8619 was 1.1%. The mean age of these @entity1 was 52 years. There were 12 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 . There was no significant difference between @entity1 and @entity1 (P = .835). The most common site of malignant transformation was in the tongue (16; 69.57%). The average time from the @entity1 's first visit with @entity8619 to malignant transformation was 16 months (range, 1 to 41 months). More than 50% of @entity1 had @entity167 (12; 52.17%) and @entity286 (13; 56.52%) habits. Before the malignant transformation, the most frequent symptoms in @entity1 with @entity8619 were @entity158 (21; 91.30%) and erosion (17; 73.91%). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of malignant transformation in @entity8619 is real but not high. Erosive @entity8619 in older @entity1 with @entity158 and who use @entity286 and @entity167 is more likely to exhibit malignant transformation.

title: XXXX : a retrospective study of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'Oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity8619 :: (MESH:D017676,Disease) :: ['Malignant transformation of oral lichen planus']


abstract: 3 Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) planning software helps in displaying the 3D dose distribution at different levels in the planned target volume ( @entity343 ). Physical or dynamic wedges are commonly applied to obtain homogeneous dose distribution in the @entity343 . Despite all these planning efforts, there are about 10% increased dose hot spots encountered in final plans. To overcome the effect of formation of hot spots, a manual forward planning method has been used. In this method, two more beams with @entity9689 ( @entity9689 ) of different weights are added in addition to medial and lateral wedged tangent beams. Fifteen @entity1 treatment plans were taken up to check and compare the validity of using additional @entity9689 fields to achieve better homogeneity in dose distributions. The resultant dose distributions with and without presence of @entity9689 were compared objectively. The dose volume histogram (DVH) of each plan for the @entity343 was evaluated. The 3D dose distributions and homogeneity index (HI) values were compared. The 3D dose maximum values were reduced by 4% to 7%, and hot spots assumed point size. Optimizations of 3D-CRT plans with @entity9689 fields improved the homogeneity and conformability of dose distribution in the @entity343 . This paper outlines a method of obtaining optimal 3D dose distribution within the @entity343 in the 3D-CRT planning of breast cases.

title: Optimization of dose distribution with XXXX using field-in-field technique for parallel opposing tangential beams of breast cancers.

entities_list: @entity9689 :: ('MESH:C564969', 'Disease') :: ['multi-leaf collimator', 'MLC']

answer: @entity9689 :: (MESH:C564969,Disease) :: ['multi-leaf collimator']


abstract: There is an increasing number of studies of acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action in relation to @entity1118 . Evidence from these studies suggests that these processes may be important for reducing the suffering and disability arising in these conditions. Taken together these processes entail an overarching process referred to as " @entity458 ." While these processes have been studied in @entity1 with @entity1118 contacted in specialty treatment centers, they have not yet been investigated in primary care. Thus, @entity1 in this study were 239 adults with @entity1118 surveyed in primary care, through contact with their General Practitioners (GPs), in the UK. They completed measures of acceptance of @entity1118 , mindfulness, psychological acceptance, values-based action, health status, and GP visits related to @entity158 . Correlation coefficients demonstrated significant relations between the components of @entity458 and the measures of health and GP visits. In regression analyses, including both @entity158 intensity and @entity458 as potential predictors, @entity458 accounted for significant variance, DeltaR(2)=.039-.40 (3.9-40.0%). In these regression equations @entity158 intensity accounted for an average of 9.2% of variance while @entity458 accounted for 24.1%. These data suggest that @entity458 may reduce the impact of @entity1118 in @entity1 with low to moderately complex problems outside of specialty care. Due to a particularly conservative recruitment strategy the overall response rate in this study was low and the generality of these results remains to be established.

title: Psychological flexibility in adults with XXXX : a study of acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological flexibility']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: Introduction. @entity1445 of @entity972 is not as frequently encountered in clinical practice as hyperkalaemia due to @entity810 . However, @entity972 @entity1445 leading to serious consequences do occur. Case Presentation. A 20-year-old nurse student presented with a @entity1167 with @entity1167 rhythm. Beside the @entity1 were found four 50-mL syringes and empty vials of @entity4337 (20   mL, 10%). After initial resuscitation with epinephrine, 125   mL of a 4.2% intravenous solution of @entity4388 were injected which resulted in the recovery of an effective cardiac activity. The @entity1 recovered without sequelae. Conclusion. The difficulty in this case was to recognize the @entity972 @entity4968 . The advanced resuscitation with the use of a specific treatment helped to resuscitate the @entity1 .

title: Suicide attempt by intravenous @entity972 self- XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['Overdose', 'overdoses']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: The aims of this study were to characterize the morphology and size of flocculates and the zeta potential and rheological properties of polymer- @entity28318 (MAS) composite dispersions and to investigate the physical properties of @entity1443 (ACT) suspensions prepared using the composite dispersions as a flocculating/suspending agent. The polymers used were @entity14917 (SA), @entity5224 (SCMC), and methylcellulose (MC). The results showed that SA, SCMC, and MC could induce flocculation of MAS by a polymer-bridging mechanism, leading to the changes in the zeta potential of MAS and the flow properties of the polymer dispersions. The microscopic morphology and size of the flocculates was dependent on the molecular structure of the polymer, especially @entity4543 groups on the polymer side chain. The residual MAS from the flocculation could create a three-dimensional structure in the SA-MAS and SCMC-MAS dispersions, which brought about not only an enhancement of viscosity and thixotropic properties but also an improvement in the ACT flocculating efficiency of polymers. The use of polymer-MAS dispersions provided a higher degree of flocculation and a lower redispersibility value of ACT suspensions compared with the pure polymer dispersions. This led to a low tendency for caking of the suspensions. The SCMC-MAS dispersions provided the highest ACT flocculating efficiency, whereas the lowest ACT flocculating efficiency was found in the MC-MAS dispersions. Moreover, the added MAS did not affect ACT dissolution from the suspensions in an acidic medium. These findings suggest that the polymer-MAS dispersions show good potential for use as a flocculating/suspending agent for improving the rheological properties and physical stability of the suspensions.

title: Polymer-magnesium aluminum silicate composite dispersions for improved physical stability of XXXX suspensions.

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity28318 :: ('MESH:C515442', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium aluminum silicate']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cryoablation as an alternative to @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ) ablation in high-risk-located @entity591 ( @entity591 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Between 2004 and 2007, 164 @entity1 underwent catheter ablation due to @entity591 at our institution. Twenty-six of these @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 ), median age 58 years (range 14-76), were considered having high-risk-located @entity591 and were treated by cryoablation. Seven @entity1 had failed prior @entity2198 ablation due to high risk of complications. The @entity591 foci distribution was: close to the AV node (n = 14), vicinity of the sinus node (n = 7), and crista terminalis adjacent to the phrenic nerve (n = 5). Cryomapping, using a 6 mm tip catheter, at -30 degrees C was performed before ablation with a goal temperature of -80 degrees C for 240 s. Acute success rate was achieved in 25/26 @entity1 (96%). During a follow-up of 493 +/- 258 days, three @entity1 had recurrences. Two of these underwent a second successful cryoablation procedure. Long-term success rate was 92%. @entity129 occurred in two @entity1 with complete recovery after 1 day and 5 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation of high-risk-located @entity591 foci is a safe and effective alternative to @entity2198 therapy.

title: Safety and efficacy of cryoablation of XXXX with high risk of ablation-related injuries.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'AT']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'radio frequency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Phrenic nerve palsy']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial tachycardia']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity7493 progressively increases during the evolution of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). As a consequence, it has been reported that 40% of @entity1 present with symptoms of undernutrition at the entrance to chronic dialysis treatment. In @entity1 established on maintenance hemodialysis, the prevalence of @entity3147 varies from 20% to 60% according to which indicators of nutritional status are used. @entity7493 is associated with an increase in overall and @entity65 risks both in @entity740 @entity1 not yet on dialysis and in dialysis @entity1 . Given the impact of protein-energy wasting on the outcome of @entity740 @entity1 , screening @entity3147 and monitoring protein-energy status appear of primary importance. Therefore, scientific and professional societies or foundations have developed guidelines for the assessment of nutritional status as well as for the treatment of @entity740 @entity1 . Recently, an expert panel recommended the term protein-energy wasting for loss of body protein mass and fuel reserves. According to these recommendations, protein-energy wasting should be diagnosed if 3 characteristics are present (low serum levels of albumin, transthyretin, or @entity165 ), reduced body mass (low or reduced body mass or fat mass or @entity353 with reduced intake of protein and energy), and reduced muscle mass ( @entity2057 or @entity6288 , reduced mid-arm-muscle circumference). The present article addresses the methods for assessing protein-energy status, their specificities regarding the @entity740 staging, and the criteria for choosing among these methods when managing the follow-up evaluation of @entity740 @entity1 . The practical implications of nutritional parameters for the management of @entity740 @entity1 are illustrated by a case presentation.

title: Assessment of body protein: energy status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition', 'Protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'malnourished CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has become an established procedure in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, the aftercare of such @entity1 is still uncertain. A meta-analysis of twenty trials of intravenous or subcutaneous heparin in @entity583 performed during the prethrombolysis period indicated a significant reduction in mortality, reinfarction, and @entity64 in treated @entity1 . More recently, a study (SCATI) aimed at investigating the clinical effects of subcutaneous heparin (12.500 U two times daily) in the setting of thrombolytic therapeutical strategy in @entity583 , showed a lower in-hospital mortality, a trend towards lesser transient @entity63 in @entity1 given streptokinase, and no difference in recurrent @entity1188 rate. Ventricular thrombi were markedly reduced by heparin. Anti-platelet drugs were not permitted in the SCATI. In both GISSI 2 (Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico) and International tissue plasminogen activator/streptokinase trials, @entity117 was a recommended treatment, and subcutaneous heparin was randomized. No difference in mortality was noted in @entity1 given heparin. In GISSI 2 recurrent @entity63 were also similar in treated and control groups, whereas @entity887 were reduced by heparin. Major bleedings were rare in all trials. In conclusion, subcutaneous heparin is beneficial in @entity583 : however, the association with @entity117 does not add consistent benefits. Heparin is effective in preventing @entity887 - such effects are not shared by @entity117 .

title: Heparin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic episodes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic events', 'thrombus formation and embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Early identification and rapid treatment of red tag @entity1 may decrease morbidity and mortality. We examined the clinical characteristics, etiologies and one week mortality rate of red tag (life threatening and potentially life threatening illness) @entity1 at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysai (HUSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted at the @entity341 of the HUSM from 1 August 2006 to 31 January 2007; 440 eligible @entity1 were analyzed. The group had a mean age of 47.2 +/- 22 years, with 67.3% of the @entity1 being male. Twenty-three percent were @entity130 cases with motor vehicle accident being the major mechanism of injury. Fifty-four percent of the cases had cardiac related illnesses. The mean duration of stay in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) was 3.9 +/- 1.5 hours. The survival rate at one week was 76.6%. The non- @entity130 group comprised 74.0% of @entity204 cases. @entity1187 and road traffic accidents comprised 22.0% of total @entity204 cases at one week. Red tag @entity1 constitute a large proportion of @entity341 cases and may remain in the @entity341 for significant periods of time.

title: Demographic and clinical characteristics of red tag XXXX and their one-week mortality rate from the emergency department of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity137 profiles in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) treated either according to an intensive or a conventional treatment strategy approach with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and to study factors associated with @entity1500 -related @entity137 . METHODS: Data were used from the Computer-Assisted Management in Early @entity309 (CAMERA) study, in which clinical efficacy of an intensive treatment strategy with @entity1500 was more beneficial than a conventional treatment strategy approach. In this study, data on adverse events (AEs) were compared between the two strategy groups. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify possible associations between factors assessed at baseline and withdrawal due to @entity1500 -related AEs or liver @entity137 at follow-up. RESULTS: Although significantly more @entity1 in the intensive strategy group experienced @entity1500 -related AEs than in the conventional strategy group, all recorded AEs were relatively mild. A higher body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with withdrawal due to @entity1500 -related AEs in the multiple regression analyses (odds ratio=1.207, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.44, p=0.033). There was a trend towards an association between diminished @entity1011 clearance and @entity1500 withdrawal. For liver @entity137 , increased serum liver enzymes at baseline were associated with liver @entity137 during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Although the occurrence of AEs in the intensive strategy group was higher than in the conventional strategy group, the previously observed clinical efficacy of an intensive treatment strategy seems to outweigh the observed @entity137 profiles. When starting @entity1500 , attention should be given to @entity1 with a high BMI and those with increased levels of liver enzymes and decreased renal function.

title: Adverse events and factors associated with @entity137 in @entity1 with early XXXX treated with @entity1499 tight control therapy: the CAMERA study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The advantages of arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament tear over arthrotomy are quite obvious: reduced @entity158 and morbidity. Some arthroscopists are performing these procedures on an outpatient basis. The physician can choose from several graft substitutes for anterior cruciate ligament replacement. Autografts consisting of the iliotibial band, semitendinosus, gracilis, and meniscus have been used as grafts. The most common autograft is the @entity79 , which has been used since 1930 and has been shown to have a tensile strength near that of the anterior cruciate ligament. The state of the art in surgical alternatives for anterior cruciate @entity937 is arthroscopic reconstruction using the midthird of the patellar tendon. Treatment of anterior cruciate @entity130 requires prompt and adequate evaluation of the laxity of the ligament as well as other structures in the knee, appropriate treatment options offered to the @entity1 with complete descriptions of knee function after each treatment option, and comprehensive rehabilitation program. @entity1 compliance is an integral part of the success of this procedure. The nurse must include a description of the injury, preoperative testing, surgical intervention, and rehabilitation program when educating the @entity1 . The successful postoperative anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation program is multifaceted. In general, there must be specific guidelines applied by a physical therapist who has knowledge of the surgical procedure, understands principles of ligament healing, and has the ability to individualize the program as needed. For any level of athlete or active @entity1 , there must be achievement of all goals per phase to a high performance level. In addition, there must always be objective measurements to document progress to the physical therapist and physician but, perhaps most importantly, to reassure the @entity1 that normalcy is being restored.

title: Anterior cruciate XXXX . Evaluation, arthroscopic reconstruction, and rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['ligament tears']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone-patellar tendon-bone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: Relationships of temperament evaluated at different production stages with growth, carcass characteristics and beef @entity925 were determined in Bonsmara crossbred steers managed under commercial managent. Temperament was evaluated at weaning and at initiation of the finishing phase. Steers from a Roswell, NM ranch (n=156) and a Cline, TX ranch (n=21) were stratified at fall weaning by weight and source and randomly allotted to winter ryegrass at Uvalde or Overton, TX followed by feeding in a commercial feedlot near Batesville, TX. @entity291 were observed for temperament (escape velocity, EV, m/s; pen and chute temperament score, PTS and @entity923 ) at weaning and upon entry to the feedlot. @entity291 were harvested at approximately 7 mm 12th rib fat. Carcass data was taken approximately 36 hrs post-mortem and 2.5cm thick steaks were removed from the 13th rib for Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) determination. The only measures of temperament significantly related to performance were EV and PTS. Weaning EV appeared to be more related to feedlot ADG (r=-0.26, P<0.003), ribeye area (r=-0.37, P<0.0008), yield grade (r=0.29, P<0.01) and WBS, r=0.27, P<0.005) than did the later measures of temperament. However, in-feedlot EV was associated with feedlot weights (r=-0.28, P<0.0004). Results of this research suggest temperament, particularly at weaning, is related to feedlot performance, carcass merit, and beef @entity925 at a low to moderate level and evaluation of this trait may be a helpful management tool.

title: Relationship of temperament, growth, carcass characteristics and XXXX in beef steers.

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity925 :: (MESH:D063806,Disease) :: ['tenderness']


abstract: RATIONALE: Plasma high-density lipoprotein levels are inversely correlated with @entity731 . Although it is widely assumed that this is attributable to the ability of high-density lipoprotein to promote @entity165 efflux from macrophage foam cells, direct experimental support for this hypothesis is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of macrophage @entity165 efflux pathways in atherogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed @entity19 with efficient deletion of the @entity855 -binding cassette transporters @entity30029 ( @entity23711 and @entity19993 ) in macrophages (MAC-ABC(DKO) @entity19 ) but not in hematopoietic stem or progenitor populations. MAC-ABC(DKO) bone marrow (BM) was transplanted into @entity1748 (-/-) recipients. On the chow diet, these @entity19 had similar plasma @entity165 and blood monocyte levels but increased @entity731 compared with controls. On the Western-type diet, MAC-ABC(DKO) BM-transplanted @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 had disproportionate @entity731 , considering they also had lower very low-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels than controls. @entity23711 /G1-deficient macrophages in lesions showed increased inflammatory gene expression. Unexpectedly, Western-type diet-fed MAC-ABC(DKO) BM-transplanted @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 displayed @entity30030 and @entity4795 in the absence of hematopoietic stem and multipotential progenitor cells proliferation. Mechanistic studies revealed increased expressions of machrophage colony stimulating factor and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in splenic macrophage foam cells, driving BM monocyte and neutrophil production. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show that macrophage deficiency of @entity23711 /G1 is proatherogenic likely by promoting @entity32 and uncover a novel positive feedback loop in which @entity165 -laden splenic macrophages signal BM progenitors to produce monocytes, with suppression by macrophage @entity165 efflux pathways.

title: Deficiency of @entity855 -binding cassette transporters A1 and G1 in macrophages increases XXXX and accelerates @entity731 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['plaque inflammation']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity30030 :: ('MESH:C538328', 'Disease') :: ['monocytosis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early de novo diagnosis of @entity6 in @entity1 admitted with @entity1187 who have undergone percutaneous coronary revascularization may have prognostic implications. The ideal diagnostic method and its time of performance are unknown due to the uncertain reproducibility of the oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). METHODS: We assessed 88 @entity1 with no known @entity6 admitted with an @entity1187 who underwent successful percutaneous revascularization. The @entity1 received an OGTT the day after coronary revascularization (7.7+/-6 days after admittance in hospital) and 1 month later. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 60.8+/-10.3 years and 82% were @entity1 . The most common reason for admission was @entity1187 without ST elevation (42%), followed by @entity1187 with ST elevation (36%) and @entity5749 (21%). After the first OGTT, 66 @entity1 (75%) were found to have @entity1735 @entity209 (41% @entity413 intolerance and 34% @entity6 ). After the second OGTT 39 @entity1 (44.3%) had @entity1735 @entity209 (26% @entity413 intolerance and 18% @entity6 ). The correlation between both tests was low (weighted kappa, 0.23+/-0.1; 0.03-0.43) (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of the OGTT done in @entity1 admitted with @entity1187 who underwent percutaneous coronary revascularization the day after admittance and the OGTT 1 month later was poor. The prevalence of @entity1735 intolerance in these @entity1 was high.

title: Poor reproducibility of the oral XXXX tolerance test in the diagnosis of @entity6 during percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolism disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Current @entity645 testing methods can be ineffective; @entity1 often do not return for results. @entity645 @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) provides accurate results in 20   min. @entity1 find nurse-initiated @entity645 @entity1062 (NRT) more acceptable than current testing methods and increases receipt of test results. Translating research findings into sustainable practice poses widely recognized implementation challenges. To ascertain effectiveness of NRT implementation, formative and process evaluations were conducted within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA). Nurses and physicians at 2 VA medical centers were trained to administer @entity1062 . A preimplementation formative evaluation was conducted at Site 1. Process evaluations of ongoing @entity1062 activities were conducted at Site 2. Interviews were conducted with key informants. Content and thematic analysis was conducted on the field notes. A variety of barriers and facilitators were discovered that impacted the implementation of NRT. Findings indicate concerns regarding training and incorporating NRT into workflow. Process interviews indicated that training concerns could be alleviated through various means. Finally, interviewees highlighted that other clinic settings might be a more preferred setting for NRT than primary care. Findings are currently being used for the implementation of additional NRT interventions, and can also guide NRT adoption in other facilities.

title: Implementation of routine rapid XXXX testing within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'rapid testing']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extended analgesic efficacy of intrathecal @entity6948 (ITD) has been investigated in a few clinical trials; however, there is a lack of conclusive evidence upon its ideal dosage. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the dose-response relationship between ITD and @entity510 characteristics, particularly the duration of @entity1337 and differential @entity1337 (DA: defined as time difference from the offset of motor blockade to the first analgesic requirement on numerical rating scale = 4.0). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized double blind active control trial. SETTING: Medical college teaching hospital. METHODS: Ninety adult (18 - 60 years) patients undergoing elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries were randomized into 3 groups to receive intrathecal 0.5% @entity1341 3 mL with 2.5   g (group @entity15875 .5), 5  g (group @entity34455 ), or 10   g (group BD10) @entity6948 in 0.5 mL normal saline. The 2 segment sensory regression times (TSSRT), duration of motor blockade @entity1337 , DA, and perioperative adverse effects were assessed. The primary outcome was duration of @entity1337 and DA. STATISTICS: ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis test, Chi-square (x2), and Fisher's exact test, significance: P < 0.05. RESULTS: The onset of @entity616 was significantly earlier in group BD10 compared with group @entity34455 (P = 0.035) and @entity15875 .5 (P = 0.010) while the onset of motor block was significantly earlier in group BD10 compared with @entity15875 .5 (P = 0.020). There was a significant and dose-dependent prolongation of the duration of @entity616 (127.50, 149.17, and 187.50 minutes; P < 0.001), motor block (258.50, 331, and 365 minutes; P < 0.001), @entity1337 (306.17, 396.50, and 512 minutes; P < 0.001), and DA (47.67, 65.50, and147 minutes; P < 0.001) with escalating doses of ITD, respectively. Group BD10 required significantly fewer rescue analgesics compared with other 2 groups (P = 0.001). Except for mild sedation which was significantly higher in group BD10; all the groups were comparable with respect to hemodynamic and other adverse effects. LIMITATIONS: Lack of placebo group, exclusion of higher doses (15  g) of ITD, and short duration of postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 10   g compared with 2.5   g or 5  g ITD to 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 is associated with significantly earlier onset of @entity3481 as well as prolonged duration of @entity616 , motor block, @entity1337 , and DA with a comparable adverse effect profile.

title: Effect of 3 Different Doses of Intrathecal XXXX (2.5  g, 5  g, and 10   g) on Subarachnoid Block Characteristics: A Prospective Randomized Double Blind Dose-Response Trial.

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory block']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['Dexmedetomidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms of @entity786 sequential therapy for @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome-associated @entity401 ( @entity401 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective review of 15 @entity1 (2005 - 2008) with @entity401 who underwent @entity786 sequential therapy. Peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) were obtain before and 3, 6, 12, 24 months after the treatment. The @entity310 and @entity2533 )mRNA levels in peripheral blood were measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum and BALF @entity310 , @entity2533 and @entity1495 levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: (1) The average levels of serum @entity310 (0.39    0.22) and @entity2533 (0.31    0.18) mRNA in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher compared with that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity310 level (0.23    0.19) was significantly decreased 3 months after @entity786 treatment (t = 2.533, P < 0.05), and @entity2533 (0.31    0.18) level markedly decreased after 6 months of treatment (t = 2.617, P < 0.05). (2) The levels of serum @entity310 (11.2    2.6)   g/L, @entity2533 (72    19)   g/L and @entity1495 (38    9)   g/L in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher than that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity2533 (36    12)   g/L level decreased significantly after 3 months of treatment (t = 2.526, P < 0.05), and @entity310 level (7.1    1.3)   g/L markedly decreased after 6 months of therapy (t = 2.578, P < 0.05). @entity1495 level (18    4)   g/L decreased significantly after 12-month treatment (t = 2.329, P < 0.05). (3) The levels of BALF @entity310 (17.1    3.5)   g/L, @entity2533 (36    17)   g/L and @entity1495 (27    10)   g/L in @entity1 with @entity401 were higher than that in @entity1 with @entity28559 without @entity3130 . @entity2533 (21    14)   g/L level decreased significantly after 3-month treatment, and @entity310 level (9.4    1.7)   g/L was decreased after 6 months of @entity786 treatment (t = 2.215, P < 0.05). @entity1495 level (13    5)   g/L decreased after 12 months of @entity786 treatment (t = 2.576, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mechanisms of @entity786 treatment may be associated with its inhibition on production of @entity310 , @entity2533 and @entity1495 .

title: [The effect of @entity786 on cytokines in @entity1 with primary Sj  gren's syndrome-associated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'PSS-ILD']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: For advanced @entity5 of the bile duct, @entity1085 and ampulla of Vater, there are only a few treatment options. We explored the efficacy of the combination of @entity136 , @entity1487 and @entity900 for advanced @entity5 . METHODS: From September 2003 to April 2010, 28 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity1125 were enrolled. A treatment regimen consisting of @entity136 (800 mg/m   at a fixed dose rate on days 1 and 8), @entity1487 (1 g/m  /day continuous infusion for 4 days) and @entity900 (60 mg/m   on day 2) was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: One (3.6%) @entity1 showed complete response, 8 (28.6%) partial response, 14 (50%) stable disease and 5 (17.9%) disease progression. Overall, the objective response rate was 32.1% (95% CI, 17.9-50.6%) and the disease control rate was 82.1% (95% CI, 64.4-92.1%). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 7.6 months (95% CI, 5.5-9.7) and 11.2 months (95% CI, 6.8-15.5), respectively. G3/4 @entity1398 was observed in 44 (24.3%) of 181 cycles and G3/4 @entity882 in 48 (26.5%) of 181 cycles. There was no treatment-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The combined regimen of @entity136 , @entity1487 and @entity900 has comparable activity for @entity1 with advanced @entity1126 , @entity1085 and ampulla of Vater. @entity137 was tolerable but substantial.

title: Phase II trial of combination chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity1487 and @entity900 for advanced @entity5 of the bile duct, @entity1085 , and ampulla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'biliary cancers']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the bile duct']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of real-time continuous @entity413 monitoring (RT-CGM) and an Internet blood @entity413 monitoring system (IBGMS) on glycated hemoglobin levels in @entity1 with @entity6 treated with insulin. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with insulin were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 groups. Group 1 had the results of their self-monitoring of blood @entity413 level monitored biweekly using an IBGMS. Group 2 used RT-CGM and were monitored biweekly. Both groups used a secure website to upload data and to receive feedback from their endocrinologist. @entity3916 and laboratory test results were collected at 0, 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: The baseline parameters were not significantly different. After a 6-month follow-up period, both IBGMS and RT-CGM showed significant within-group improvements in @entity3916 level. In the IBGMS group, the @entity3916 level decreased from 8.79%  1.25% to 7.96%  1.30% (p<0.05). The RT-CGM group decreased from 8.80%  1.37% to 7.49%  0.70% (p<0.001). IBGMS and RT-CGM did not show significantly different @entity3916 levels at baseline, 3 and 6 months (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of both IBGMS and RT-CGM significantly improved @entity3916 levels in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 treated with insulin in a randomized trial over a 6-month period. There were no significant differences in @entity3916 values between groups after 6 months.

title: A Comparison of Internet Monitoring with Continuous @entity413 Monitoring in Insulin-Requiring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: Exploring time-varying connectivity networks in @entity179 is a recent field of research in functional MRI. @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) represents 20% of the neurodegenerative forms of @entity303 . Fluctuations of cognition and vigilance are the key symptoms of @entity1832 . To date, no @entity2597 ( @entity2597 ) investigations of this disorder have been performed. In this paper, we refer to the concept of connectivity state as a piecewise stationary configuration of functional connectivity between brain networks. From this concept, we propose a new method for group-level as well as for subject-level studies to compare and characterize connectivity state changes between a set of resting-state networks (RSNs). Dynamic Bayesian networks, statistical and graph theory-based models, enable one to learn dependencies between interacting state-based processes. Product hidden Markov models (PHMM), an instance of dynamic Bayesian networks, are introduced here to capture both statistical and temporal aspects of @entity2597 of a set of RSNs. This analysis was based on sliding-window cross-correlations between seven RSNs extracted from a group independent component analysis performed on 20 healthy elderly subjects and 16 @entity1 with @entity1832 . Statistical models of @entity2597 differed in @entity1 compared to healthy subjects for the occipito-parieto-frontal network, the medial occipital network and the right fronto-parietal network. In addition, pairwise comparisons of @entity2597 of RSNs revealed a decrease of dependency between these two visual networks (occipito-parieto-frontal and medial occipital networks) and the right fronto-parietal control network. The analysis of @entity2597 state changes thus pointed out networks related to the cognitive functions that are known to be impaired in @entity1832 : visual processing as well as attentional and executive functions. Besides this context, product HMM applied to RSNs cross-correlations offers a promising new approach to investigate structural and temporal aspects of brain @entity2597 .

title: Identifying Dynamic Functional Connectivity Changes in XXXX with Lewy Bodies Based on Product Hidden Markov Models.

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['DFC', 'dynamic functional connectivity']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'Dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: In this study, we synthesized a polypeptide from its @entity12704 unit using microwave irradiation. Effective methods for polypeptide synthesis from unit peptides have not been reported. Here, we used a key elastin peptide, H-GlyValGlyValPro- @entity2145 (GVGVP), as the monomer peptide. It is difficult to obtain @entity34365 (poly(GVGVP)) from the @entity12704 unit of elastin, GVGVP, via polycondensation. Poly(GVGVP) prepared from genetically recombinant @entity526 is a well-known temperature-sensitive polypeptide, and this temperature sensitivity is known as the lower critical solution temperature. When microwave irradiation was performed in the presence of various additives, the @entity12704 (GVGVP) polycondensation reaction proceeded smoothly, resulting in a product with a high molecular weight in a relatively good yield. The reaction conditions, like microwave irradiation, coupling agents, and solvents, were optimized to increase the reaction efficiency. The product exhibited a molecular weight greater than Mr 7000. Further, the product could be synthesized on a gram scale. The synthesized polypeptide exhibited a temperature sensitivity that was similar to that of poly(GVGVP) prepared from genetically recombinant @entity526 . Therefore, this technique offers a facile and quick approach to prepare polypeptides in large amounts. Copyright    2016 European Peptide Society and John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: High-molecular-weight XXXX synthesis through microwave irradiation.

entities_list: @entity12704 :: ('CHEBI:48545', 'Chemical') :: ['pentapeptide']

entities_list: @entity34365 :: ('MESH:C502906', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro)']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity34365 :: (MESH:C502906,Chemical) :: ['poly(Gly-Val-Gly-Val-Pro)']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the influence of different prognostic factors on survival of upper tract @entity189 (UTUC) managed by nephroureterectomy and to investigate whether these factors have an independent prognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of institutional databases from two teaching hospitals identified 269 consecutive @entity1 with UTUC managed with nephroureterctomy between 1985 and 2005. Mean follow up was 80.6 months (median 70.3 months). Follow up was completed until January 2009. @entity5 location and other clinicopathological variables were analyzed regarding survival. Data accrued included age, gender, @entity5 characteristics (pT stage, grade, lymph node status), @entity5 location, use of chemotherapy and period of diagnosis. @entity5 location was divided into two groups (renal pelvis and ureter) based on the location of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Five year and 10 year overall survival estimates for this cohort were 71.3% and 40.0% respectively. According to @entity5 location, survival was 73.6% and 47.0% for the renal pelvis versus 67.8% and 32.3% for the ureter, respectively (log rank test: p = 0.027). In multivariate analysis, among the clinicopathological variables, T stage was the most significant prognostic factor (p < 0.001). Nodal involvement (p = 0,005), high grade (p < 0.001), first period of diagnosis (p < 0.001) and @entity5 location (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with lower survival rates. Prognosis of UTUC improved over time: survival was significantly better during the last period of diagnosis (2001-2005) (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 location and diagnostic period should be considered as an independent prognostic factor for @entity1606 .

title: Factors impacting survival in @entity1 with upper tract XXXX undergoing radical nephroureterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ureteral tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: @entity7874 is an actively regulated process with @entity409 displaying hallmarks of @entity731 . @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) system has been reported to have a role in the pathogenesis of vascular @entity731 and to be distinctly downregulated in @entity472 ( @entity472 ). Here we studied gene expressions of @entity21695 and is target receptor @entity21694 ( @entity21694 ) in @entity1 aortic valves. Furthermore, we compared gene expression of @entity21695 system in @entity1 with HMG-coenzyme-A reductase (statin) treatment to non-statin-treated @entity1 in @entity472 group. METHODS AND RESULTS: With the study population of 108 @entity1 , we characterized expression of @entity21695 and @entity21694 in @entity1 aortic valves and compared normal control valves (n = 12) with valves obtained from @entity1 with @entity337 ( @entity337 , n = 16), @entity337 with @entity82 ( @entity337 +fibr., n = 19) and @entity472 (n = 61). By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), @entity21695 mRNA levels were 89% lower (p = 0.022) in stenotic valves, when compared to @entity337 group. Moreover, the mRNA levels of @entity21694 , the target receptor of @entity21695 , were 62% lower (p < 0.001) in stenotic valves when compared to control group and 54% lower (p = 0.002) in stenotic valves, when compared to @entity337 group. There was no statistical significant difference in @entity21695 and @entity21694 levels in @entity472 group when the statin-treated @entity1 were compared to untreated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results show for the first time that the gene expression of anti-atherogenic @entity21695 system did not differ between @entity1780 -treated and non-statin-treated @entity1 in @entity472 . The research data supports the results of clinical trials with the same drug class.

title: XXXX treatment and gene expression of anti-atherogenic factor @entity21695 system in stenotic aortic valves.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity21694 :: ('4882', 'Gene') :: ['natriuretic peptide receptor type B', 'NPR-B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity1780 :: (CHEBI:35664,Chemical) :: ['Statin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), volitional inhibition of rewarding behaviors, such as eating, involves a conflict between the desire to suppress appetite and the inherent motive to consume. This conflict is thought to have costs that carry over into daily life, e.g., triggering negative affect and/or recurring ruminations, which may ultimately impact long term outcome. Hence, increasing research effort is being dedicated to understand the link between emotional and ruminative processes in the etiology and maintenance of @entity1278 . We investigated whether affective states influence @entity3685 in @entity1278 applying "ecological momentary assessment", a method which allows the experimenter to gain insight into psychological processes in the natural environment and assess data in real time. @entity1 ( @entity1278  =  37, healthy controls  =  33) were given a smartphone for 14  days. A ringtone signaled at six random time-points each day to fill in a questionnaire, which gauged @entity74 about food and weight as well as affective state. Analyses, applying @entity3628 that @entity1278 @entity1 spend more time thinking about food, body shape and weight than controls (p  <  0.001). Additionally, the results support the hypothesis that momentary negative affect (but not baseline @entity308 (p  =  0.56) or @entity148 symptoms (p  =  0.60) are positively associated with a higher amount of @entity3685 in @entity1 (p  <  0.001). Our findings are in line with theories which claim that ruminative thinking induces a vulnerability to negative stimuli which, in turn, fosters heightened negative affect. Thus, therapeutic interventions could be improved by implementing modules that specifically target @entity3685 .

title: A naturalistic examination of negative affect and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical linear models confirmed']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['disorder-related rumination']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder-typical thoughts']

answer: @entity3685 :: (MESH:D019959,Disease) :: ['disorder-related rumination in anorexia nervosa']