abstract: The change in cellular reducing potential, most likely reflecting an oxidative burst, was investigated in @entity1426 - (AA) stimulated leukocytes. The cells studied included the @entity1 @entity1778 cell lines HL-60 (undifferentiated and differentiated into macrophage-like and polymorphonuclear-like cells), Jurkat and Raji, and thymocytes and macrophages from @entity35 primary cultures. The oxidative burst was assessed by @entity2387 reduction. AA increased the oxidative burst until an optimum AA concentration was reached and the burst decreased thereafter. In the @entity1778 cell lines, optimum concentration ranged from 200 to 400 microM (up to 16-fold), whereas in @entity35 cells it varied from 10 to 20 microM. Initial rates of @entity224 generation were high, decreasing steadily and ceasing about 2 h post-treatment. The continuous presence of AA was not needed to stimulate @entity224 generation. It seems that the @entity1110 oxidase system participates in AA-stimulated @entity224 production in these cells since the oxidative burst was stimulated by @entity1110 and inhibited by @entity8816 , @entity3056 and @entity224 dismutase. Some of the effects of AA on the oxidative burst may be due to its detergent action. There apparently was no contribution of other @entity224 -generating systems such as @entity3624 - @entity3624 oxidase, cytochromes p-450 and mitochondrial electron transport chain, as assessed by the use of inhibitors. @entity1813 and @entity842 also do not seem to interfere with the AA-stimulated oxidative burst since there was no systematic effect of cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or @entity842 synthase inhibitors, but lipid @entity2627 may play a role, as indicated by the inhibition of @entity2387 reduction promoted by @entity4793 .

title: XXXX triggers an oxidative burst in leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity8816 :: ('MESH:D005033', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethylmaleimide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3056 :: ('MESH:C007517', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenyleneiodonium']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['Arachidonic acid']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of action of synthetic @entity55735 in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced @entity565 model in @entity19 . METHOD: BALB/c @entity19 were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) to induce a @entity19 model of @entity565 in paracmasis. The @entity19 were treated with @entity619 as the positive control. At the end of the study, respiratory reactivity was detected, the numbers of various kinds of white blood cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted, and the levels of @entity58 and INF-y in BALF were determined. Quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA contents of @entity58 and INF-y in lung tissue. Histologic examination was performed to observe inflammatory cellular infiltration. RESULTS: @entity55735 treatment virtually eliminated airway hyper-reactivity, markedly reduced the eosinophil percent, obviously reduced the levels of @entity58 and raised INF-y in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared with the sham-treated group. Quantitative PCR on the mRNA content of @entity58 and INF-y provided confirmation. Lung histologic observations showed that @entity55735 reduced @entity32 and @entity4 . These effects were equivalent to the effects of @entity619 . CONCLUSION: Synthetic @entity55735 exhibits an anti- @entity565 effect which is related to the regulation of @entity630 / @entity61 balance. This provides a new possibility for treatment of @entity56 .

title: Anti- @entity565 effects of synthetic XXXX through regulation of @entity630 / @entity61 balance.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity55735 :: ('MESH:C009172', 'Chemical') :: ['Salidroside', 'salidroside']

answer: @entity55735 :: (MESH:C009172,Chemical) :: ['salidroside']


abstract: This study evaluated whether a new generation antioxidant @entity723 derived from the grape seed proanthocyanidins, could reduce the induction of the adhesion molecules as a result of inflammatory response in the plasma of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) @entity1 . @entity785 @entity1 were divided into two groups: one group was treated with @entity723 , a grape seed-derived @entity16377 , while the other group served as control. @entity1 were given @entity723 100 mg/day orally for one month after which the blood samples were withdrawn from both groups of the @entity1 . Blood was also taken from normal @entity1 volunteers. Plasma was obtained in fasting state between 8 to 9 A.M. from two groups of @entity785 @entity1 and controls. Soluble adhesion molecules including @entity2071 , @entity4725 , @entity4105 and @entity8729 as well as @entity1234 , a marker for oxidative stress, were measured. The results of our study demonstrated up-regulation of these soluble adhesion molecules except for @entity8729 , in the plasma of the @entity785 @entity1 compared to those obtained from @entity1 volunteers. @entity723 significantly attenuated the increased expression of these adhesion molecules. In addition, there was a significant increase in the amount of @entity1234 formation in the plasma of the @entity785 @entity1 , which was also attenuated by @entity723 . The results of this study demonstrated that @entity723 could reduce the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress developed in @entity785 @entity1 .

title: @entity723 , a grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin extract, reduces plasma levels of oxidative stress and adhesion molecules ( @entity2071 , XXXX and @entity4105 ) in @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular development are the largest cause-specific reason for morbidity and mortality in @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 . The high prevalence of cardio- and @entity204 may be explained by multiple factors present in @entity1 with progressive @entity8 , including @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity3562 , @entity6 , and @entity2742 . Experimental studies have provided in vivo and in vitro data to support the notion that @entity14822 contribute to glomerular and @entity8 . Hyperchlolesterolemia and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 are prevalent in @entity1 with the @entity1985 . Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 is decreased, and reverse @entity165 transport is impaired in hemodialysis (HD) and pre- @entity454 @entity1 . @entity177 @entity1 treated with HD have an increased prevalence of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), and lipoprotein(a). The findings in @entity6 @entity1 corresponded with those in nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity177 , but @entity6 @entity1 have higher apoliprotein C-III and apoliprotein E concentrations. Impaired lipid metabolism is common in @entity1 receiving @entity298 ( @entity298 ). In most @entity454 @entity1 treated with @entity298 @entity1007 and hyperglyceridemia are found. Wide panels of therapeutic interventions aimed at correcting the @entity14822 that may develop in chronic renal @entity1 as well as in @entity454 @entity1 are currently available. Although some novel pharmacological agents are remarkably effective in returning the @entity14822 to normal, there is still no convincing evidence based on long-term prospective studies, that would clearly demonstrate a significant reduction of @entity65 and mortality of @entity454 @entity1 . The therapeutic approaches, which may be considered, include mainly dietary and life-style modifications, selective use of some technical components of dialysis systems, and the judicious prescriptions of lipid-lowering drugs.

title: XXXX in @entity177 , @entity1985 and dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'interstitial injury of the renal parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular death']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity14822 :: (MESH:C562935,Disease) :: ['Lipid abnormalities']


abstract: With improvements in the survival rates after @entity5 , many clinicians have turned their attention to reporting on late effects, and how they might be prevented or treated. In childhood the thyroid gland is especially vulnerable to the carcinogenic action of ionizing radiation. This retrospective study focused on @entity259 seen at our institution over more than 30 years (between 1980 and 2012) in @entity1 treated for other @entity5 in pediatric age. 36 @entity1 were identified. In most cases, the primary @entity5 had been @entity978 , and all the @entity1 had been administered radiotherapy for their first malignancy. The @entity259 were treated with total thyroidectomy in 27 cases (six with lymphadenectomy), and hemithyroidectomy in nine (one with lymphadenectomy). 12 @entity1 were also given radiometabolic therapy. All but two had TSH suppression therapy. The histological diagnoses were: 31 @entity1377 . At 5 and 10 years, the OS was 100 and 95 %, respectively, and the PFS was 96 and 83 %. None of the @entity1 died of their @entity1374 . Nodal involvement at onset was the only factor correlating with recurrence. Surgical sequelae only occurred in @entity1 who underwent total thyroidectomy. Survival in these @entity1 did not depend on the extent of surgery on the @entity1374 . Our data confirm a good prognosis for @entity259 , prompting us to encourage a minimalist approach to the treatment of these particular @entity1 wherever possible.

title: @entity259 after treatment for XXXX in childhood and adolescence: from diagnosis through follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and five follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['secondary thyroid cancer', 'secondary thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'thyroid parenchyma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: The acute nature of disease outbreaks in aquaculture settings has served to emphasize the importance of the innate immune response of fish for survival and led to the recent identification and characterization of many of its components. Catfish, the predominant aquaculture species in the United States, is an important model for the study of the teleost immune system. However, transcriptomic-level studies of disease-related gene expression in catfish have only recently been initiated, and understanding of immune responses to pathogen infections is limited. Here, we have developed and utilized a 28K in situ oligonucleotide microarray composed of blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) and @entity4576 ( @entity4576 ) transcripts. While @entity4576 accounts for the majority of commercial production, the closely related blue catfish possesses several economically important phenotypic traits. Microarray analysis of gene expression changes in blue catfish liver after infection with Gram-negative bacterium @entity13195 indicated the strong upregulation of several pathways involved in the inflammatory immune response and potentially in innate disease resistance. A multifaceted response to infection could be observed, encompassing the complement cascade, @entity68 regulation, inflammatory cell signaling, and antigen processing and presentation. The induction of several components of the MHC class I-related pathway following infection with an intracellular bacterium is reported here for the first time in fish. A comparison with previously published expression profiles in the @entity4576 liver was also made and the microarray results extended by use of quantitative RT-PCR. Our results add to the understanding of the teleost immune responses and provide a solid foundation for future functional characterization, genetic mapping, and QTL analysis of immunity-related genes from catfish.

title: Microarray analysis of gene expression in the blue catfish liver reveals early activation of the MHC class I pathway after infection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13195 :: ('67780', 'Species') :: ['Edwardsiella ictaluri']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus', 'channel catfish']

answer: @entity13195 :: (67780,Species) :: ['Edwardsiella ictaluri']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of @entity6981 ( @entity6981 ) and its association with cervical @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) and @entity379 ) levels in idiopathic @entity249 . Forty idiopathic @entity249 @entity1 and twenty fertile controls were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, El Shatby Maternity Hospital, Alexandria. High vaginal swabs were smeared and assessed by Gram staining for the presence of @entity6981 using Nugent's scoring system. Cervical mucus samples were collected at midcycle and assayed for @entity379 and @entity310 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). @entity6981 was identified in 25% (10/40) of the @entity249 group and in 10% (2/20) of controls. The mean concentrations of @entity310 (232.2 +/- 51.6 pg/ml) and @entity379 (127 +/- 26.8 pg/ml) were significantly higher in the @entity249 group compared with controls (P < 0.001). Infertile @entity1 with @entity6981 showed significantly higher cervical levels of @entity310 (649 +/- 126.8 pg/ml) and @entity379 (350 +/- 59.2 pg/ml) than those with normal (62.2 +/- 8.1, 31.4 +/- 4.1 pg/ml respectively) and intermediate (252.5 +/- 21.4, 170 +/- 17.3 pg/ml respectively) vaginal flora (P < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between @entity310 and @entity379 concentrations in the idiopathic @entity249 group (r = 0.984, P < 0.001) as well as the fertile control group (r = 0.881, P < 0.001). In conclusion, @entity6981 is associated with elevated cervical mucus levels of @entity310 and @entity379 . The induction of these proinflammatory cytokines by an altered vaginal ecosystem may play a role in the etiology of idiopathic @entity249 . This may have potential applications in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity9814 .

title: Association of abnormal vaginal flora with increased cervical @entity5 factor--alpha and @entity379 levels in idiopathic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity6981 :: ('MESH:D016585', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial vaginosis', 'BV', 'bacterial vaginosis']

entities_list: @entity9814 :: ('MESH:D007247', 'Disease') :: ['female infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Testicular germ-cell @entity189 is the most frequent @entity5 in males aged 15 to 35 years old. It is bilateral in 2% to 3%, and synchronous in 20% to 25% of the cases. CLINICAL CASE: The case is presented of a 19 year-old male, with @entity490 . Physical examination revealed abdominal mass in the umbilical region, and the computed tomography scan showed a @entity5 , with a-fetoprotein, @entity880 dehydrogenase, and @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin above limits. Testicular ultrasound showed bilateral lesions. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, identifying an unresectable @entity5 . Biopsies were taken, reporting mixed @entity5 composed of @entity189 . Six cycles of chemotherapy were given, based on @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 , with partial @entity5 response. Later on, the @entity1 underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy, with pathology reporting a synchronous bilateral @entity17588 . A second line of chemotherapy was given, based on @entity1891 , @entity2879 , @entity1260 and @entity900 . Nevertheless, the disease progressed, with metastatic dissemination and the @entity1 died. DISCUSSION: Germ cells @entity5 can present in primary extra-gonadal locations. It is difficult to distinguish a retroperitoneum primary @entity5 from @entity3 of a clinically undetected @entity5 or one that has regressed, like the situation described in the case presented. CONCLUSIONS: Ninety percent of @entity1 diagnosed with germ cell @entity5 can be cured. However, delay in diagnosis correlates with an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis.

title: [Bilateral and synchronous XXXX : a case report and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17588 :: ('MESH:C562472', 'Disease') :: ['testicular teratoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal tumour', 'gonadal tumour', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'neoplasm', 'germ cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity17588 :: (MESH:C562472,Disease) :: ['testicular teratoma']


abstract: @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 receiving maintenance hemodialysis and suffering from @entity453 ( @entity453 ) often receive doses of @entity460 channel antagonists that are too low. This may be the result of physician's desire to avoid adverse side effects during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was the assessment of the safety and efficacy of incremental doses of @entity3988 for the treatment of @entity741 in ERSD @entity1 with @entity453 to identify the optimal dose of the drug. A total of 196 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 were enrolled with @entity453 showing more than 5 min of transient @entity741 during a 48-h Holter ECG monitoring. A double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial design was used. Incremental doses of @entity3988 (120 to 240 mg/d) were administered in 4 mo. With a dose of 120 and 180 mg/d, a significant reduction in the number and duration of total and symptomatic @entity63 episodes was observed (P < 0.001), but the number and the duration of silent @entity63 episodes were not reduced. Conversely, the efficacy on silent @entity741 was obtained with a dosage of @entity3988 of 240 mg/d (P < 0.001). In addition, with a sustained-release formulation (120 mg twice daily), the efficacy was similar to that obtained with four 60-mg tablets, but the safety was improved, especially during hemodialytic session. The circadian variations analysis of transient @entity63 episodes showed a significant reduction in both @entity63 peaks observed at baseline only with 240 mg/d of @entity3988 . The findings emphasize that sustained-release @entity3988 (120 mg twice daily) can be largely useful in uremic @entity1 with @entity453 on maintenance dialysis. @entity3988 reduces the number and the duration of silent @entity63 episodes, has a good tolerability, and positively modifies the circadian pattern of @entity63 episodes.

title: Sustained-release @entity3988 reduces @entity741 episodes in XXXX : a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRD', 'End-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: RATIONALE: Factors and outcomes associated with end-of-life decision-making among @entity1 during clinical trials in the intensive care unit are unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine patterns and outcomes of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) decisions among @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity649 ( @entity649 ) enrolled in a clinical trial. METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of data from the @entity649 Network Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (FACTT), collected between 2000 and 2005. We calculated mortality outcomes stratified by code status, and compared baseline characteristics of @entity1 who became DNR during the trial with @entity1 who remained full code. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Among 809 FACTT @entity1 with a code status recorded, 232 (28.7%) elected DNR status. Specifically, 37 (15.9%) chose to withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone, 44 (19.0%) elected to withhold some life support measures in addition to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and 151 (65.1%) had life support withdrawn. Admission severity of @entity221 as measured by APACHE III score was strongly associated with election of DNR status (odds ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.85-2.62; P   <   0.0001). Almost all (97.0%; 225 of 232) @entity1 who selected DNR status died, and 79% (225 of 284) of @entity1 who died during the trial were DNR. Among @entity1 who chose DNR status but did not elect withdrawal of life support, 91% (74 of 81) died. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity204 among clinical trial @entity1 with @entity649 were preceded by a DNR order. Unlike other studies of end-of-life decision-making in the intensive care unit, nearly all @entity1 who became DNR died. The impact of variation of practice in end-of-life decision-making during clinical trials warrants further study.

title: "Do not resuscitate" decisions in XXXX . A secondary analysis of clinical trial data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distant metastases of solid @entity5 account for about 1% of all @entity5 . In about 30% of all @entity1 who present with an oral @entity3 , the distant primary @entity5 has not been diagnosed yet. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 71-year-old @entity1 who clinically demonstrated @entity16 as well as pathologic fracture of the mandible. @entity263 was identified as a @entity5 . Clinically, there was significant hypesthesia of the skin area innervated by the @entity129 . X-ray examination revealed an osteolytic lesion of the ascending ramus of the mandible as well as a pathologic fracture of the mandible. Further imaging showed an extensive @entity5 of the mandible and adjacent soft tissues and significant supraclavicular lymph node enlargement. The diagnosis of metastatic @entity263 was histopathologically confirmed. CONCLUSION: @entity16 without a dental focus indicates screening for an osseous @entity3 . In cases of left-sided supraclavicular lymph node enlargement in @entity1 over 45 years, @entity263 must be excluded.

title: [ XXXX and pathologic fracture of the mandible as initial symptoms of @entity263 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['left inferior alveolar nerve']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate carcinoma', 'metastatic prostate carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malign neoplasms', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Mental neuropathy', 'unilateral mental neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Mental neuropathy']


abstract: The abnormal immune response to renal antigens is a significant cause of progressive @entity631 and @entity454 , leading to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation. Type IV collagen of the @entity631 ( @entity631 ), an important component of the blood filtration barrier, is the target of pathogenic antibodies in two forms of anti- @entity631 antibody @entity1310 . Type IV collagen is a family of six chains that assemble into three networks with distinct composition and tissue-specific distribution. The @entity631 contains an alpha3.alpha4.alpha5(IV) network essential for the maintenance of kidney ultrafiltration function: the absence of this network in @entity1 with @entity3686 leads to progressive @entity631 . In some Alport @entity1 that receive a kidney transplant, anti- @entity631 alloantibodies develop against the non-collagenous (NC1) domains of the alpha3.alpha4.alpha5(IV) collagen network, which is present in the renal allograft but absent in the @entity8 , causing Alport post-transplant @entity1310 . In @entity7860 , anti- @entity631 autoantibodies target the NC1 domain of the alpha3 (IV) chain in the @entity631 , causing rapidly progressing @entity631 . The GP epitopes have been localized to two homologous regions of the alpha3 NC1 domain, E(A) and E(B), and several populations of autoantibodies with distinct epitope specificity were purified and characterized. The epitopes of GP autoantibodies are sequestered in the NC1 hexamer that connects two adjoining triple-helical molecules. Hydrophobic @entity1522 have been identified in the epitope of the immunodominant GP(A) autoantibodies, suggesting that the cryptic nature of the GP epitopes is due to interactions among NC1 domains in the NC1 hexamer. Experimental anti- @entity631 can be induced in animal models by passive transfer of anti- @entity631 antibodies or by active immunization with NC1 domains of the alpha3.alpha4.alpha5(IV) network.

title: Molecular characterization of the target antigens of anti- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Alport kidneys']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ["Alport's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ["Goodpasture's (GP) syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis', 'GBM nephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular basement membrane antibody disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiomatoid @entity82 is a rare soft-tissue @entity5 that more often affects @entity1 and young adults. There is little information available regarding the imaging appearance of @entity28219 @entity82 in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the ultrasonographic (US) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of @entity28219 @entity82 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done of US and MR imaging findings in @entity1 with @entity28219 @entity82 . Clinical findings and histopathology with molecular analysis results were also collected. RESULTS: There were 7 @entity1 with @entity28219 @entity82 with a median age of 6  years (age range: 16  months-14  years). @entity1 presented clinically with a soft-tissue mass in the extremities or in the trunk. Four @entity1 had @entity417 , and three of them had additional systemic symptoms. Two @entity1 had US and three had MR imaging while the remaining two had both. Lesion size ranged from 1.3  cm to 7.2  cm. In four @entity1 , @entity28219 @entity82 presented as a nonspecific predominantly solid mass. The other three @entity1 had a combination of the following imaging findings: intralesional blood-filled cystic spaces with fluid-fluid levels, enhancing fibrous @entity527 . These findings correlated well with histopathology. CONCLUSION: The imaging detection of intralesional blood-filled cystic spaces with fluid-fluid levels, enhancing fibrous @entity527 in a soft-tissue @entity5 in a @entity1 may suggest the diagnosis of @entity28219 @entity82 . A history of systemic symptoms and @entity417 in the presence of a soft-tissue mass may also be a clue for the diagnosis of @entity28219 @entity82 .

title: Imaging of childhood XXXX @entity82 with pathological correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocapsule and hemosiderin deposition']

entities_list: @entity28219 :: ('MESH:C563181', 'Disease') :: ['angiomatoid']

answer: @entity28219 :: (MESH:C563181,Disease) :: ['angiomatoid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed at the examination of the acute and cumulative impact of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) on architecture and quality of sleep, on circadian rhythm and on daytime fatigue. METHODS: Time in bed for 16 healthy male volunteers was reduced from 8 to 5h during four consecutive nights, followed by two recovery nights. This scheme matches the terms of service and sleep rhythms of rescue helicopter pilots in Germany. Polysomnography was recorded during each night, and motor activity and body core temperature were recorded continuously. Subjective @entity25 and alertness were acquired by questionnaires. RESULTS: In the course of @entity1949 , electroencephalography (EEG) showed a reduction of S1 and S2 (p=0.039), whereas S3, S4 (0.024) and rapid eye movement (REM; p=0.030) sleep increased. Subjective @entity25 improved, while sleep need (p<0.001) and fatigue (p<0.001) deepened. These effects declined rapidly after one recovery night. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1949 alters sleep and daytime alertness. The results indicate that not only @entity25 ( @entity25 ) but also REM is important for sleep. Sleep became more effective when wake periods and sleep latencies decreased, thereby improving subjective @entity25 . Sleepiness, sleep need and fatigue increased immediately and accumulated throughout the restricting procedure.

title: XXXX : impact on the architecture and quality of sleep.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['partial sleep deprivation', 'PSD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'sleep quality', 'SWS']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['Partial sleep deprivation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of previous antiplatelet (AP) and @entity2067 antagonist (VKA) treatments on outcome in @entity1 with primary @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). METHODS: In this prospective observational study, we analyzed 529 @entity1 according to antithrombotic pretreatment: none, AP, or VKA. Very-early (24-hour) death, 3-month mortality, and functional independence were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 236 (44.6%) pretreated @entity1 , 147 (27.8%) @entity1 were taking AP and 89 (16.8%) VKA. @entity204 was observed in 13.4% and was increased in pretreated @entity1 : 19.0% for AP and 27.0% for VKA treatment, compared to 6.5% in non-pretreated @entity1 , p < 0.0001. Three-month mortality was 40.8% overall (49.7% for AP pretreated, 58.4% for VKA pretreated, and 31.1% for non-pretreated @entity1 , p < 0.0001). The adjusted odds of very-early and 3-month mortality were 2.55 (p = 0.004) and 1.56 (p = 0.046) for AP-pretreated @entity1 and 4.24 (p < 0.0001) and 2.34 (p = 0.01) for VKA-pretreated @entity1 , respectively, compared with non-pretreated @entity1 . The effect of antithrombotic pretreatment on mortality from 24 hours to 3 months was nonsignificant. At 3-month follow-up, 28.5% of @entity1 remained functionally independent: 22.4% of AP-pretreated, 15.7% of VKA-pretreated, and 35.5% of non-pretreated @entity1 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of @entity1 with @entity1779 preventively treated with VKA or AP died during the first 24 hours after admission. Both treatments were predictors of very-early mortality. The final effect of antithrombotics on 3-month mortality remains significant through its strong effect on very-early mortality. Safety concerns about starting chronic antithrombotic treatment should be considered not only when VKA treatment is planned but also for AP treatment.

title: Antithrombotic pretreatment increases very-early mortality in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Very-early death']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The newly proposed transient @entity63 demands for MRI exclusion of @entity1188 . Due to limited resources other tools than MRI predicting tissue @entity1188 would be valuable. We hypothesized that @entity13203 ) risk score is a valid screening tool for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesions. METHODS: @entity63 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in an observational MRI study to receive acute and follow-up @entity64 MRI. @entity13203 ) scores were calculated, and sociodemographics and risk factors were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-two @entity63 @entity1 were enrolled over nine months. Five @entity1 were excluded due to different diagnosis. Forty-five of the 127 remaining @entity1 showed @entity2806 on DWI. Median @entity13203 ) scores for DWI-negative and -positive @entity1 were 4 and 5, respectively. Ordinal, trichotomized and dichotomized @entity13203 ) were significantly associated to DWI. Univariate analysis of single score items and other risk factors demonstrated @entity425 , duration of symptoms and smoking as predictive for DWI restrictions. In multivariate analysis @entity425 remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk @entity13203 ) score due to the impact of @entity1269 is associated with the occurrence of @entity66 but is still not accurate enough for a reliable differentiation of cerebrovascular events with and without MRI lesions.

title: @entity13203 ) as a screening tool for cerebral infarction on XXXX MRI?

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack (TIA) definition', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DWI lesions']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral weakness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity11960 , @entity4671 , and @entity3652 were compared for their effects on maternal acid-base balance and circulation as well as on postnatal general condition and acid-base balance of the newborn, on the basis of 44 @entity1 in advanced pregnancy to whom caesarean section was applied in general anaesthesia. The probands had not been deliberately selected beforehand. Results obtained from the three above anaesthetics were compared with one another as well as with parameters recorded from spontaneously delivered newborns without any medication. One of the anaesthetics produced sufficiently deep anaesthesia in all @entity1 , and no signs of central @entity308 were recordable from the newborns. The parameters of acid-base balance, following @entity11960 and @entity4671 anaesthesia, revealed @entity12906 in the newborns immediately after delivery by caesarean section. Their pH values were lower than those recorded in the context of @entity3652 anaesthesia or spontaneous delivery without any medication. Both values returned to normal within 30 minutes from delivery. The one-minute and five-minute Apgar scores were below those of spontaneous deliveries, at the beginning, but eventually reached normal levels. All the three anaesthetics were found to be suitable for introduction of general anaesthesia for caesarean section on account of high-rate enzymatic degradation and, consequently, @entity308 . Resulting @entity26 supply is higher, as compared to spontaneous delivery. Early indication and short-time introduction and delivery, thus possible, have often proved to be important to the newborn's condition.

title: [Comparison between XXXX , propanidid, and @entity4671 in general anaesthesia for caesarean section (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'absence of foetal depression']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity11960 :: ('MESH:D011410', 'Chemical') :: ['propanidid', 'Propanidid']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Limited data are available on natalizumab in pediatric @entity15 . This is to report the sustained therapeutic benefit of natalizumab over 32 months follow up in a 12-year old @entity1 with a breakthrough activity disease. METHODS: In February 2009, the diagnosis of childhood onset relapsing remitting @entity15 was confirmed at age 9, based on the "International Pediatric @entity15 Study Group". A disease breakthrough activity with suboptimal response was considered after 26 months of a well tolerated treatment with beta-interferon-1b; 6 relapses, rapid @entity16 and an increase by 4 new plaques on average per year with at least one showing enhancement after @entity2287 injection were observed on MRI follow up. Monthly natalizumab 300mg intravenous infusion was initiated on February 2012, after written consent. Negative JCV antibodies from serum samples were confirmed using the "STRATIFT JCV" test before treatment initiation and at 6 months intervals; clinical evaluation and biological tests were performed on routine base every 3 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 's neurological status improved dramatically with rapid recovery after the second natalizumab infusion. Presently, this 13-year-old @entity1 has received a total of 32 infusions of natalizumab and is still asymptomatic with no occurrence of any clinical relapse or no new lesion. Treatment is still well tolerated. CONCLUSION: This report highlights the tolerability and sustained therapeutic efficacy of natalizumab as second-line therapy in childhood @entity15 with breakthrough disease activity when critical decision of shifting from first-line therapy has to be made in @entity1 with potential greater risk in reaching progressive @entity16 at younger age.

title: Sustained benefit of natalizumab in pediatric XXXX with breakthrough activity: A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'Multiple Sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The mortality of @entity810 remains high (around 50-70%) despite manifold improvements in terms of techniques and equipment for renal replacement therapies as well as @entity1 monitoring and intensive care support. At present, it is not clear if the method chosen for renal replacement therapy, i.e. intermittent hemodialysis or continuous hemofiltration, might impact on the outcome of these @entity1 . Whilst earlier retrospective studies suggested that CVVH might result in better survival and renal recovery in acute @entity1 , recent prospective studies indicated that this may not be the case or, conversely, outcomes may be better with IHD. These studies were, however, not evenly randomised in terms of illness severity or were too small to produce conclusive results. In addition, a meta-analysis of 9 published prospective studies in 692 pts. indicated a similar mortality with CVVH vs. IHD. Some of the studies enrolled for this meta-analysis, however, suffered from methodological and/or randomisation problems, thus this important question remains to date unanswered. Typically, CVVH is chosen for treating @entity1 with hemodynamic instability and @entity1284 . In such cases, however, CVVH should be performed with a filtrate volume of at least 35 ml/kg body weight per hour as this was shown to be associated with better survival as compared to smaller filtrate volumes. A second controversy exists to date whether the choice of the dialyzer membrane might be of relevance for the outcome of @entity1 with @entity810 . Earlier studies indicated that the use of biocompatible membranes in these @entity1 may result in improved @entity1 survival and renal recovery. More recently, however, similar studies could not confirm these results. Another meta-analysis of controlled prospective trials (671 @entity1 in 7 separate studies) calculated a relative mortality risk of 1.01 for cuprophan vs. biocompatible membranes. Thus, the choice of the dialyzer membrane should be based on individual assessment rather than treatment bias.

title: Extracorporeal treatment strategy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most of the evidence identifying determinants of UADT @entity5 risk comes from hospital-based case-control studies. However, such studies are thought to be influenced by selection bias given the extent of association of @entity286 smoking and @entity167 drinking with other diseases in the general population. We assessed the extent of selection bias due to inclusion of controls with @entity286 or @entity167 @entity66 in a hospital-based case-control study of upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) @entity5 in Brazil. METHODS: Risk factor information was obtained from 784 cases and 1568 non- @entity5 controls. Causes of hospitalization for controls were scored according to their likelihood of association with @entity286 and @entity167 . Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by conditional logistic regression with and without exclusion of controls with @entity286 or @entity167 @entity66 . RESULTS: The OR for smoking slightly increased after exclusion of controls with @entity286 - @entity66 , from 15.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.7, 24.2) among heaviest smokers (pack-years > 91) to 18.6 (95%CI: 11.4, 30.2). The OR for @entity167 consumption remained unchanged after exclusion of controls with @entity167 @entity66 . Associations of low magnitude for some dietary variables (citric fruits, @entity20072 -rich foods, spicy foods, mat   tea) and wood stove use were not appreciably affected by the exclusion of controls. CONCLUSION: The bias introduced by controls with @entity286 and @entity167 @entity66 is small, when these exposures are investigated as determinants, and almost negligible when considered as confounders of the association between other factors and @entity5 .

title: Assessment of control selection bias in a hospital-based case-control study of upper aero-digestive tract XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['UADT cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is an @entity4903 . Most @entity1 with @entity459 do not have disease-specific symptoms. The management of these @entity1 has been widely debated. Recent studies have shown the importance of following up asymptomatic @entity1 in order to reduce co-morbidity. However, there are conflicting opinions as to medical management. The aim of our study was to compare the outcome of @entity459 patients on antiresorptive therapy vs. observation only. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We longitudinally evaluated 157 @entity459 @entity1 (126 females) aged 22-90 years. @entity1 who did not undergo surgery were divided into two groups: those on anti-resorptive therapy (N = 52), and those without any treatment (N = 37). @entity1 who were disease-free after surgery (N = 50) served as controls. RESULTS: The values of serum @entity460 (S-Ca), @entity461 ( @entity461 ) and indices of bone metabolism did not differ significantly among the three groups of subjects. No differences in 25(OH)-vitamin D levels were noted. Bone mineral density (BMD) was not significantly different at the spinal level. Finally, we found no evidence of an effect of medical treatment on quality of life (QoL). However, QoL significantly improved in the surgery group after parathyroidectomy (PTX). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided up-to-date information in terms of biochemical progression on the natural history of @entity459 @entity1 . No significant differences emerged between anti-resorptive therapy and observation only. It is not yet possible to assess the effect of pharmacological treatments on QoL in statistical terms. (Endokrynol Pol 2014; 65 (6): 456-463).

title: Five-year longitudinal evaluation of mild XXXX - medical treatment versus clinical observation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['increasingly common endocrine disorder']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity308 ( @entity308 ) is a debilitating disease with symptoms like persistent @entity308 . The prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been implicated as an important structure in the neural circuitry of @entity308 , with pronounced @entity1503 and metabolic activity in PFC subregions, including the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgACC, or Brodmann area 25). In addition, deep brain stimulation in the sgACC has recently been shown to alleviate treatment-resistant @entity308 . @entity308 @entity1 also show characteristic changes in sleep: @entity22 , increased rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and shortened REM sleep latency. We hypothesized that sleep changes and @entity146 may be a consequence of the abnormal PFC activity in @entity308 . The @entity35 ventromedial PFC (vmPFC, prelimbic and infralimbic cortices) is considered to be the homolog of the @entity1 sgACC, so we examined the effect of excitotic lesions in the vmPFC on sleep-wake and @entity146 . We also made lesions in the adjacent dorsal region (dmPFC) to compare the effect of this similar but distinct mPFC region. We found that both dmPFC and vmPFC lesions led to increased REM sleep, but only vmPFC-lesioned animals displayed increased @entity1949 , shortened REM latency and increased immobility in the forced swim test. Anatomic tracing suggests that the mPFC projects to the pontine REM-off neurons that interact with REM-on neurons in the dorsal pons. These results support our hypothesis that @entity528 in the @entity35 vmPFC resembles several characteristics of @entity308 and may be a critical area for modulating both mood and sleep.

title: Ventromedial prefrontal cortex regulates @entity146 and rapid eye movement sleep in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Depressed', 'depression', 'depressed mood and sleep disturbances', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in blood flow']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term @entity7646 treatment has proven benefit in inflammatory airways diseases, but whether it leads to changes in the composition of respiratory microbiota is unknown. We aimed to assess whether long-term, low-dose @entity2929 treatment changes the composition of respiratory microbiota in @entity1 with non-cystic @entity82 @entity4595 . METHODS: Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of sputum samples from @entity1 in the BLESS trial, a 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of twice-daily @entity20804 (400 mg) in adult @entity1 with non-cystic @entity82 @entity4595 and at least two infective exacerbations in the preceding year. The primary outcome was within- @entity1 change in respiratory microbiota composition (assessed by Bray-Curtis index) between baseline and week 48, comparing @entity2929 with placebo. The BLESS trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, number ACTRN12608000460303. FINDINGS: The BLESS trial took place between Oct 15, 2008, and Dec 14, 2011. Paired sputum samples were available from 86 randomly assigned @entity1 , 42 in the placebo group and 44 in the @entity2929 group. The change in microbiota composition between baseline and week 48 was significantly greater with @entity2929 than with placebo (median Bray-Curtis score 0  52 [IQR 0  14-0  78] vs 0  68 [0  46-0  93]; median difference 0  16, 95% CI 0  01-0  33; p=0  03). In @entity1 with baseline @entity281 dominated by @entity796 , @entity2929 did not change microbiota composition significantly. In those with @entity281 dominated by organisms other than @entity796 , @entity2929 caused a significant change in microbiota composition (p=0  03 [by analysis of similarity]), representing a reduced relative abundance of @entity327 (35  3% [5  5-91  6] vs 6  7% [0  8-74  8]; median difference 12  6%, 95% CI 0  4-28  3; p=0  04; interaction p=0  02) and an increased relative abundance of @entity796 (0  02% [0  00-0  33] vs 0  13% [0  01-39  58]; median difference 6  6%, 95% CI 0  1-37  1; p=0  002; interaction p=0  45). Compared with placebo, @entity2929 reduced the rate of pulmonary exacerbations over the 48 weeks of the study in @entity1 with @entity796 -dominated @entity281 (median 1 [IQR 0-3] vs 3 [2-5]; median difference -2, 95% CI -4 to -1; p=0  01), but not in those without @entity796 -dominated @entity281 (1 [0-2] vs 1 [0-3]; median difference 0, -1 to 0; p=0  41; interaction p=0  04). INTERPRETATION: Long-term @entity2929 treatment changes the composition of respiratory microbiota in @entity1 with @entity4595 . In @entity1 without @entity796 @entity281 , @entity2929 did not significantly reduce exacerbations and promoted displacement of @entity327 by more @entity7646 -tolerant pathogens including @entity796 . These findings argue for a cautious approach to chronic @entity7646 use in @entity1 without @entity796 @entity281 . FUNDING: Mater Adult Respiratory Research Trust Fund.

title: The effect of long-term @entity7646 treatment on respiratory microbiota composition in non-cystic XXXX @entity4595 : an analysis from the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled BLESS trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H influenzae', 'Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'airway infection']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity20804 :: ('MESH:D015643', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin ethylsuccinate']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate the difference on the prevalence of rheumatic symptoms between north and south parts of the country and to study the associated risk factors of @entity627 in Shantou city, China. METHODS: A total number of 10 638 @entity1 at above 16 years of age from four samples, were surveyed in 1987, 1992, 1995, and 1999. Protocol of International League Against @entity627 (ILAR)-China collaborative study or WHO-ILAR community oriented program for control of @entity627 (COPCORD) core questionnaire was implemented. Data on related rheumatic symptoms were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of @entity627 had been increasing in Shantou area during the last decade (in 1987 11.6%, 1992 12.5%, 1995 16.0% and 1999 19.8%) but still lower than that seen in Beijing, China in 1987(40.0%). Rheumatic symptoms were more prevalent in females than in males, in elderly than in young @entity1 with most frequently involved site happened in low back area, followed by knee and neck. Lumbar @entity158 was more frequent among rural residents, @entity4048 was more prevalent in urban school students. Prevalence of knee @entity158 was significantly higher in @entity1 living in multi-storey buildings without elevator than those living in single-storey houses. The peak values of Bone Mineral Density in Shantou population were (0.839 +/- 0.085) g/cm2 in @entity1 , and (0.723 +/- 0.064) g/cm2 in @entity1 , significantly higher than that reported in 13 other provinces and cities including Beijing. The sense of seeking for medical help was higher in population with higher prevalence of rheumatic symptoms than that in lower complaints group. However, no significant difference was found in the rates of disability among the different populations. CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate of @entity627 was lower in Shantou than that in Beijing. Socio-economic status, environment, sex, age, occupation, ergonomics, bone mineral density, and awareness of seeking medical care might have been the associated risk factors to the prevalence of @entity627 .

title: [Study on the associated risk factors of XXXX : a ILAR-China, WHO COPCORD Shantou study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['while neck pain']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism', 'rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic complaints']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['rheumatic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fast track anaesthetic protocols for cardiac surgical @entity1 have been developed to facilitate early tracheal extubation. We compared anaesthetics based on either @entity1937 or @entity3575 for fast track paediatric cardiac anaesthesia. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity118 or simple @entity1757 who were deemed suitable for fast track anaesthetic management were randomly assigned to group R ( @entity1937 ) or group F ( @entity3575 ). After @entity2614 induction, @entity1 received either R infusion or F bolus. Following intubation, @entity5161 0.5 MAC was administered to all @entity1 . Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at baseline and pre- and postinduction, intubation, skin incision and sternotomy. Other parameters measured included time to extubation, reintubation rate and requirements for postoperative analgesia, ondansetron, and @entity1854 in the paediatric intensive care unit. RESULTS: BP decreased similarly from baseline in both groups. Decreases in HR over time were significantly greater in group R. Haemodynamic response to incision/sternotomy was low and similar in both groups. There were no significant differences in extubation time, reintubation incidence, postoperative narcotic requirements, postoperative @entity101 or @entity1209 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1937 based anaesthetic was associated with a significantly slower HR than the @entity3575 based anaesthetic. The clinical implications of the slower HR during @entity1937 anaesthesia could be important and should be investigated.

title: A comparison of @entity1937 and XXXX for fast track paediatric cardiac anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea/vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: Acute or chronic @entity726 is often associated with an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP). In many @entity1 , however, therapeutic pressure reduction does not halt disease progression. Neuroprotection has been proposed as a complementary therapeutic approach. We previously demonstrated effective T-cell-based neuroprotection in experimental animals vaccinated with the synthetic copolymer glatiramer @entity598 (copolymer-1, @entity68032 ), a weak agonist of self-antigens. This study was undertaken to test different routes and modes of vaccination with @entity68032 as treatment modalities for protection against @entity989 caused by chronic elevation of IOP in @entity35 , and to determine whether anatomical neuroprotection is accompanied by functional neuroprotection. In a chronic model of unilaterally high IOP, @entity68032 vaccination, with or without an adjuvant, protected @entity35 against IOP-induced loss of RGCs by eliciting a systemic T-cell-mediated response capable of cross-reacting with self-antigens residing in the eye. In @entity35 deprived of T cells, @entity68032 (unlike treatment with alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonists) was not protective of RGCs, substantiating the contention that its beneficial effect is not conferred directly but is T-cell-mediated. Pattern electroretinography provided evidence of functional protection. Thus, vaccination with adjuvant-free @entity68032 can protect RGCs from the consequences of elevated IOP in @entity35 . This protection is manifested both morphologically and functionally. These findings can be readily implemented for the development of a therapeutic vaccination to arrest the progression of @entity726 .

title: T-cell-based vaccination for morphological and functional neuroprotection in a XXXX model of chronically elevated intraocular pressure.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the expression of the @entity9698 ( @entity9698 ) and alpha(v) integrins in clinical specimens of @entity150 to determine the susceptibility to adenoviral gene therapy. Efficient adenovirus-based gene therapy requires binding of the virus to @entity9698 and involves the alpha(v) integrins. Studies on @entity150 cell lines have shown that low adenoviral transduction rates were associated with low-level expression of @entity9698 . @entity9615 ) expression increases in various @entity5 suggest its importance in differentiation, proliferation, and migration. @entity9698 is structurally a member of the Ig-type superfamily of cell-cell adhesion molecules, suggesting that its expression may also be related to the state of @entity5 differentiation. METHODS: We performed immunohistochemistry for @entity9698 and @entity9615 expression in @entity150 specimens in 50 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 -normal pairs and confirmed the results by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of 11 separate @entity150 and 4 separate normal bladder controls. RESULTS: Immunochemistry demonstrated a stage and grade-dependent decrease in @entity9698 expression (90.0%, 83.3%, and 31.3% of normal urothelium and superficial and invasive @entity1606 [ @entity1606 ] and 83.3% and 39.5% of low and high-grade @entity1606 , respectively). Furthermore, we found a stage and grade-dependent increase in alpha(v) integrin expression (13.3%, 46.0%, and 56.3% of normal urothelium, superficial @entity1606 , and invasive @entity1606 and 25% and 52.6% of low and high-grade @entity1606 , respectively). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed a downregulation at the @entity9698 gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS: This down-regulation may have a major impact on developing adenoviral-based gene therapy modalities. In addition, we propose that loss of @entity9698 expression decreases rigid cell adhesion, possibly increasing the migratory potential. Loss of @entity9698 expression correlates with the invasive phenotype in our analysis of @entity150 . Simultaneously, the finding of increased alpha(v) expression in invasive @entity5 suggests a pathogenesis that involves heterophilic adhesion and migration of these cells on various extracellular ligands.

title: @entity9615 and coxsackie adenovirus receptor expression in clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity9698 :: ('1525', 'Gene') :: ['coxsackie and adenovirus receptor', 'CAR']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity9615 :: ('3685', 'Gene') :: ['integrin alpha(v)', 'Integrin alpha(v']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of @entity656 treatment and to discuss indications in relation with the different forms of the disease. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From january 1992 to june 2001, 137 @entity1 have been treated for an @entity656 . Diagnostic criteria were given by the history, clinical examination, biochemical and radiological findings. After exclusion of @entity1 with a @entity262 , a group of 129 @entity1 have been enrolled in a treatment regimen with an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and eventual sphincterotomy, a percutaneous US-guided cholecystostomy (PC) when necessary and an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. RESULTS: ERCP has been successfully performed in 121/129 @entity1 . A PC has been performed in 5/8 @entity1 of the failed endoscopic procedure and in 14 with acute @entity2679 . Retrograde and percutaneous cholangiographies showed main bile duct stones in 89 @entity1 , a dilatation of the main bile duct without stones in 26 @entity1 and a negative finding in 6 @entity1 . An endoscopic sphincterotomy has been performed in 117 @entity1 . A laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been performed in 118 @entity1 . Mortality and morbidity rates were 1.6 and 10.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: ERCP and sphincterotomy seem to be indicated in all @entity1 observed during the first 72 hours. Endoscopic treatment and percutaneous procedure make it possible to reduce at a very low rate the cases with an unfavourable course of the disease. A definitive treatment may then be performed by the way of a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

title: [Endoscopic, percutaneous and laparoscopic treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute gallstone pancreatitis']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute biliary pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is a life-threatening complication in @entity1 with @entity740 on hemodialysis (CKD- @entity2033 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine whether subcutaneous infusion of @entity13992 was effective and tolerable CKD- @entity120 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A 57-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to @entity1163 and @entity1353 during exercise with a history of CKD- @entity2033 . Cardiac catheterization revealed high pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) of 53/24/32 mmHg and @entity358 ( @entity358 ) of 11.2 w.u. Upfront combination therapy with @entity12584 and @entity7855 was started. However, 6-month therapy did not attenuate his symptoms, probably due to the high PAP and @entity358 (60/19/30 mmHg and 5.9 w.u.). We added subcutaneous @entity13992 . Surprisingly, 9-month @entity13992 (50 ng/kg/min) normalized hemodynamics (PAP: 25/4/13 mmHg and @entity358 : 1.9 w.u.). His symptoms during excise disappeared without any adverse effects. CONCLUSION: This is the first report that subcutaneous @entity13992 was very effective and tolerable in a @entity120 @entity1 with CKD- @entity2033 .

title: Subcutaneous @entity13992 was effective and tolerable in a XXXX with severe @entity120 associated with @entity740 on hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'pulmonary vascular resistance']

entities_list: @entity13992 :: ('MESH:C427248', 'Chemical') :: ['treprostinil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of open and laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and validate an objective model of lymph node retrieval using lymphangiography in @entity1707 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1707 weighing 54-75 lbs were randomly assigned by side to open or laparoscopic pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Lymph node yield, quantified by a masked pathologist, operative time, complications, @entity190 , and other variables were recorded. Lymphangiography was done, and radiographs were taken before and after lymph node harvesting. Statistical analysis used McNemar test for nominal data and paired Student t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Lymph node yields were a mean of 11.5 with a standard deviation of 2.8 for open and 15.3 +/- 3.4 nodes for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (P = .009). Mean operating time was 26.5 +/- 5.3 minutes for open versus 54.9 +/- 23.7 minutes for laparoscopy (P < .01). Mean @entity190 was higher for laparoscopic cases, 35 mL for open versus 58 mL for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy (P = .048). The four major complications were evenly distributed between the two procedures. Lymphangiography was successful in 24 of 25 @entity1707 . A total of 243 lymph nodes were identified with equal distribution by side. Lymphangiographic data correlated well with number of lymph nodes retrieved. CONCLUSION: In this randomized trial, laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was at least as effective as open lymphadenectomy, although operating time and @entity190 were greater. Lymphangiography was a reliable, objective mode for documentation and assurance of lymph node recovery.

title: Randomized comparison of laparoscopic and open lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the validity and reliability of a novel performance test, called the "Trail Making @entity7216 (TMP) test, for evaluating the cognitive function. METHODS: We recruited 632 community-dwelling older adults (mean age: 73.3  5.2 years) as subjects for the assessment of the validity of the test and 319 adults (mean age: 73.1  5.2 years) as subjects for the assessment of reliability. Five cognitive tests (5-Cog) were used to evaluate the cognitive function, and the degree of @entity73 was delineated for subjects scoring below 1 SD from the mean 5-Cog score. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was employed to calculate the cut-off point. RESULTS: There were no sex differences in the TMP scores (P=0.951), and the TMP and 5-Cog scores were found to correlate significantly (r=-0.63) with each other. The Trail Making Peg test demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.855 for discriminating between @entity73 and @entity73 . At this cutoff point, the sensitivity was 85% and the specificity was 69%. The intraclass correlation coefficient of the TMP was 0.746. CONCLUSIONS: The TMP exhibits sufficient validity and reliability. Our results suggest that TMP is a useful screening test for detecting @entity73 .

title: Validity and reliability of the "Trail Making XXXX test as a performance measurement for evaluating the cognitive function.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'non-cognitive decline']

answer: @entity7216 :: (5047,Gene) :: ['Peg"']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an alternative treatment, with limited evidence for effectiveness, for @entity730 tendinitis of the rotator cuff. HYPOTHESIS: Objective localization of the @entity460 deposit by 3-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals superior clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to localization through @entity1 -to-therapist feedback. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was carried out on 50 @entity1 . The population was divided into 2 groups of equal numbers (navigation group and feedback group). In all @entity1 , treatment-resistant @entity158 was evident for longer than 6 months. A total of 3 therapy sessions of constant low-energy focused shock wave therapy was administered in weekly intervals in both groups. Local anesthesia was not applied. Radiographs and clinical assessment, including the Constant and Murley shoulder scoring system and the visual analog scale for @entity158 , were performed both before therapy and after 12 weeks. In the navigation group, the @entity460 deposit was localized using a radiographically guided, 3-dimensional, computer-assisted device. The feedback group was treated after locating the point of maximum tenderness through palpation by the therapist with feedback from the @entity1 . RESULTS: Both groups had significant improvements in the Constant and Murley score and the visual analog scale after 12 weeks. The results from the navigation group were statistically significantly superior to those of the feedback group. In the navigation group, 6 @entity460 deposits disappeared and 9 altered, compared to 1 disappearance and 12 alterations in the feedback group. No severe @entity532 occurred. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals significantly better results and is therefore recommended when extracorporeal shock wave therapy is used in the treatment of @entity730 tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of XXXX tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcific']


abstract: Regulation of acute-phase serum amyloid A (A-SAA) synthesis by proinflammatory cytokines and steroid hormones in @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) is distinct from that in HepG2 cells. To study the cis- and trans-activating promoter element involved in the @entity12728 gene expression by HASMCs and HepG2 cells, we constructed plasmid vectors for luciferase reporter gene assay with varying lengths of @entity12728 upstream regulatory region (up to 1431 bp), and examined their response to proinflammatory cytokines and/or steroid hormones. The corresponding vectors with the @entity53659 upstream regulatory region served as controls. The presence of proposed transcriptional regulatory factors binding to these regions was confirmed immunohistochemically. The sequences of 1478 and 1836 bp of the @entity12728 and @entity53659 5'-flanking regions were determined, respectively. @entity12728 promoter transcription in cultured HASMCs was upregulated not by proinflammatory cytokines, but rather by glucocorticoids. This differed from HepG2 cells, in which @entity12728 promoter transcription was upregulated synergistically by proinflammatory cytokines and glucocorticoids. The promoter activity of a series of truncated @entity12728 promoter constructs measured using the reporter gene assay showed that the 5'-region from -252 to -175, containing a consensus site for @entity6863 alpha,beta ( @entity6863 ,beta), was essential for @entity12728 induction in HASMCs. In HepG2 cells, the 5'-region from -119 to -79, containing a @entity2451 ( @entity2451 ) consensus sequence, was essential for the induction. The functional significance of the @entity6863 site as indicated by the immunohistochemical result was that in HASMCs anti- @entity9322 reactivity was shifted from the cytoplasm to the nuclei. We have, therefore, demonstrated that the region containing the @entity6863 ,beta consensus binding site between the bases -252 and -175 is important for the glucocorticoid-induced @entity12728 gene expression in HASMCs but not in HepG2 cells.

title: Transcriptional regulation of serum amyloid A1 gene expression in @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cells involves XXXX ( @entity6863 ) and is distinct from HepG2 cells.

entities_list: @entity2451 :: ('4790', 'Gene') :: ['NFkappaB', 'nuclear factor kappa-B']

entities_list: @entity6863 :: ('1050', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins', 'C/EBP', 'C/EBPalpha']

answer: @entity6863 :: (1050,Gene) :: ['CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins']


abstract: PURPOSE: In previous animal studies, a prior exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) augmented opioid drug potency. This study was designed to answer the question whether a similar effect can be attained in @entity1 . The objective was to use NSAID for @entity158 reduction and at the same time use the NSAID exposure to reduce opioid requirements for @entity158 inhibition in major orthopedic surgery. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized study, 50 @entity1 scheduled for total hip surgery were included. @entity1 of Group I received a placebo drug three times a day two weeks before surgery, and those allocated to Group II received @entity5018 (600 mg) three times a day. For surgical anesthesia, all @entity1 received intrathecal @entity1341 20 mg plus 0.1 mg @entity1286 in a total volume of 4 mL. RESULTS: The preoperative or postoperative visual analogue scale @entity158 scores or the amount of iv @entity1286 showed no differences between the two groups in the first 24 hr after surgery. The @entity190 in the @entity5018 group was 1161 mL vs 796 mL in the placebo group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with @entity5018 before major hip surgery does not improve the @entity158 scores or reduce @entity1286 requirement but significantly increases @entity190 . Considering the presence of relevant adverse effects, pretreatment with a non-selective NSAID is not recommended.

title: Prior XXXX exposure does not augment opioid drug potency or modify opioid requirements for @entity158 inhibition in total hip surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['median total blood loss', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'preoperative pain']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: @entity1580 involves the appearance of a false lumen distal to the left subclavian artery and extending distally into the descending thoracic aorta and into the abdominal aorta. Complications of the dissection include @entity397 , @entity63 , @entity63 , and @entity177 . A 37-year-old @entity1 presented with complaints of sudden onset of @entity662 , @entity158 , and @entity1183 . Examination revealed no femoral, popliteal, or distal pulses with decreased sensory and motor function on the left lower extremity. A CT scan revealed an aortic dissection at the proximal descending aorta extending into the iliac arteries with a @entity1410 at the iliac bifurcation. An MRI confirmed the dissection distal to the left subclavian artery into the iliac artery with a distal occlusion. Exploration revealed @entity2500 with @entity432 and a contained @entity1410 . The common iliac artery was ligated and an 8-mm Dacron bypass graft from the right common femoral artery to the left femoral artery was performed. @entity1580 can present as @entity397 of the common iliac artery. Revascularization of the extremity with a femoral-femoral crossover graft is the recommended procedure in the absence of @entity63 . The surgeon should have a keen suspicion of this rare complication and its management.

title: XXXX with @entity397 of the left common iliac artery: a case report.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['leg ischemia', 'visceral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the left iliac artery dissection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupture of the thoracic aorta']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['left retroperitoneal hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left leg pain']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['Type B aortic dissection']


abstract: We investigated neuronal self-defense mechanisms in a @entity19 model of @entity746 ( @entity746 ), the transgenic @entity1367 ( @entity24869 ), during both the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. This is an experimental model of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with severe chromatolysis. As a compensatory response to translation inhibition, chromatolytic neurons tended to reorganize the protein synthesis machinery at the perinuclear region, preferentially at nuclear infolding domains enriched in nuclear pores. This organization could facilitate nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of RNAs and proteins at translation sites. By electron microscopy analysis, we observed that the active euchromatin pattern and the reticulated nucleolar configuration of control motor neurons were preserved in @entity746 chromatolytic neurons. Moreover the @entity12244 ( @entity1487 ) transcription assay, at the ultrastructural level, revealed high incorporation of the RNA precursor @entity1487 into nascent RNA. Immunogold particles of @entity1487 incorporation were distributed throughout the euchromatin and on the dense fibrillar component of the nucleolus in both control and @entity746 motor neurons. The high rate of rRNA transcription in @entity746 motor neurons could maintain ribosome biogenesis under conditions of severe dysfunction of proteostasis. Collectively, the perinuclear reorganization of protein synthesis machinery, the predominant euchromatin architecture, and the active nucleolar transcription could represent compensatory mechanisms in @entity746 motor neurons in response to the disturbance of ER proteostasis. In this scenario, epigenetic activation of chromatin and nucleolar transcription could have important therapeutic implications for neuroprotection in @entity746 and other @entity179 . Although histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently used as therapeutic agents, we raise the untapped potential of the nucleolar transcription of ribosomal genes as an exciting new target for the therapy of some @entity179 .

title: Compensatory Motor Neuron Response to Chromatolysis in the @entity19 @entity1367 ( XXXX ) Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity12244 :: ('MESH:C001943', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-fluorouridine"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity24869 :: (c|SUB|G|93|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G93A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Isolated @entity8 is a very rare condition and thus causes delays in the diagnosis of the @entity397 . It is most commonly seen in the setting of obstructive @entity1607 . Other rare causes include @entity5 , @entity130 , and iatrogenic procedures. Diagnosis is usually established on computed tomography (CT) which demonstrates the extravasation of the contrast in the peripelvic, perinephric, or retroperitoneal collections. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 27-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to @entity1230 associated with motor vehicle accidents. The @entity1 had clear urine output. A large pelvic @entity397 was detected by abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and after consulting with other departments, emergency repair of the renal pelvis was performed and a ureteral stent was implanted. DISCUSSION: Only a few isolated cases of @entity397 with resultant extravasation have been reported in the literature. The treatment of pelvic @entity397 should be preceded by the removal of underlying causes, followed by conservative management. However, surgical intervention should be warranted in the emergency cases presenting with the symptoms that may impede the decision-making process and in the cases whose diagnosis cannot be clarified by radiological techniques. CONCLUSION: @entity8 must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity130 . Surgical intervention may be necessary in some cases. We present a case who underwent surgery due to isolated @entity8 caused by blunt @entity1661 .

title: Isolated @entity8 secondary to XXXX : Case report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvis rupture', 'Renal pelvic injury', 'rupture of the renal pelvis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['pelvis rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple traumas']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric calculus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the angle between the left ventricular (LV) long axis and the LV outflow tract ( @entity3322 -LVOT) on cardiac computed tomography and to describe its effect on the occurrence of @entity2680 ( @entity2680 ), fluoroscopy time, and postoperative @entity908 kinase-MB levels in transapical transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TA-TAVR). METHODS: High-risk @entity1 with severe @entity472 scheduled for TA-TAVR using an Edwards SAPIEN (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) prosthesis were retrospectively included. The @entity3322 -LVOT was measured during systole and diastole as far as retrospectively gated data sets were available. The @entity3322 -LVOT was correlated with the occurrence of @entity2680 , total fluoroscopy time, and postoperative @entity908 kinase-MB levels. Interobserver variability was assessed in all cases. RESULTS: The study included 81 @entity1 (57 @entity1 [70.4%], 24 @entity1 [29.6%]) with an average age of 81.9    5.8 years. The mean @entity3322 -LVOTs were 61.8    9.9 degrees during systole and 61.1    10.0 degrees during diastole. There was a minimal, nonsignificant change in the @entity3322 -LVOT between systole and diastole of 0.2    4.1 degrees (p  = 0.7). @entity2680 was found in 39 @entity1 : grade 0 in 42 (51.9%), grade I in 30 (37.0%), and grade II in 9 (11.1%). @entity1 with a clinically significant @entity2680 (grade >=  II) showed a significantly greater mean @entity3322 -LVOT than @entity1 with grade I or without @entity2680 (mean difference, 13.8    3.2 degrees; p < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the @entity3322 -LVOT and total fluoroscopy time (r = -0.17, p = 0.16) and postoperative @entity908 kinase-MB levels (r  = -0.1, p  = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: During TA-TAVR, greater @entity3322 -LVOTs were associated with significantly higher grades of @entity2680 . Thus, the @entity3322 -LVOT might influence the selection of the transapical implantation path and could have a significant effect on designs for future stents or novel delivery devices.

title: Access Path Angle in Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement: Risk Factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['PL', 'paravalvular leakage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity2680 :: (MESH:D003763,Disease) :: ['Paravalvular Leakage']


abstract: We evaluated the feasibility and efficacy of a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen of @entity3118 and melphalan to achieve rapid complete donor chimerism after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 . Between January 1999 and January 2003, 8 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and 15 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) underwent allogeneic @entity8 after an RIC regimen of 5 days of @entity3118 and 2 days of melphalan. Filgrastim-mobilized stem cells from HLA-identical related or unrelated donors were infused. Prophylaxis for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) consisted of @entity1140 and @entity1499 . All 22 evaluable @entity1 had 100% donor chimerism at day 30 and at all measurement times thereafter. One @entity1 died 19 days after @entity8 . Nine @entity1 (39%) had grades II to IV acute @entity2132 and 10 @entity1 (43%) had chronic @entity2132 . Five @entity1 (22%) died of nonrelapse treatment-related complications. Treatment-related disease response was seen in 10 @entity1 (45%), with 3 complete responses, 2 partial responses, and 5 minor responses. @entity3118 - @entity3601 is a feasible and effective RIC regimen for allogeneic @entity8 in metastatic @entity0 and @entity1358 . It induces rapid complete donor chimerism without the need for donor lymphocyte infusion. Tumor regression associated with @entity2132 is consistent with graft-versus- @entity5 effect.

title: Rapid induction of complete donor chimerism by the use of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen composed of @entity3118 and melphalan in allogeneic XXXX for metastatic @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein expressed constitutively in the descending thin limb (DTL) and papillary surface epithelium (PSE) of the kidney. Although its function is not fully established, a role for OPN in the regulation of @entity460 -mediated or @entity460 -dependent processes has been proposed. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of @entity3873 (vitD), a hormone involved in the regulation of @entity460 homeostasis, on renal OPN expression. Four groups of @entity35 were studied: acute vehicle (single intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection of 0.1 ml 10% @entity1068 -90% @entity2771 , 12 h before being killed); acute vitD (single injection of vitD, 2 ng/g i.p., 12 h before being killed); chronic vehicle (daily subcutaneous [s.c.] injection of 0.1 ml 10% @entity1068 -90% @entity2771 for 7 days); and chronic vitD (daily s.c. injection of vitD, 0.5 ng/g, for 7 days). Kidneys were processed for light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization, and Western blot analysis. In vehicle-treated animals, OPN mRNA and protein were expressed primarily in the DTL and PSE. In the acute vitD group, OPN mRNA and immunoreactivity appeared in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the inner stripe of the outer medulla, and increased slightly in the DTL and PSE. The proximal tubules exhibited strong OPN immunoreactivity, but no hybridization signal. In the chronic vitD group, there was a marked increase in OPN mRNA and immunoreactivity in the distal tubule, including the TAL, as well as in the DTL and PSE. A weak hybridization signal and immunostaining were also observed in some proximal tubules. Administration of vitD causes a marked increase in OPN mRNA and protein in the @entity35 kidney, mainly in the distal nephron, but also in the DTL, PSE, and proximal tubules. These results indicate that vitD is involved in the regulation of OPN expression in the kidney.

title: XXXX stimulates osteopontin expression in @entity35 kidney.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3873 :: (MESH:D002117,Chemical) :: ['1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To decrease unnecessary antibiotic use for acute @entity1729 in adults in a point-of-service health care setting. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized controlled trial. SETTING: An urban urgent care clinic associated with the major indigent care hospital in Denver, Colorado between October 2000 and April 2001. @entity1 / @entity1 : Adults diagnosed with acute @entity1729 ( @entity3617 , @entity1244 , @entity7551 , and nonspecific @entity1729 ). A total of 554 adults were included in the baseline period (October to December 2000) and 964 adults were included in the study period (January to April 2001). INTERVENTIONS: A provider educational session on recommendations for appropriate antibiotic use recently published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and placement of examination room posters were performed during the last week of December 2000. Study period @entity1 who completed a brief, interactive computerized education (ICE) module were classified as being exposed to the full intervention, whereas study period @entity1 who did not complete the ICE module were classified as being exposed to the limited intervention. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity3617 who received antibiotics decreased from 58% during the baseline period to 30% and 24% among @entity1 exposed to the limited and full intervention, respectively (P <.001 for intervention groups vs baseline). Antibiotic prescriptions for nonspecific @entity1729 decreased from 14% to 3% and 1% in the limited- and full-intervention groups, respectively (P <.001 for intervention groups vs baseline). CONCLUSION: Antibiotic use for adults diagnosed with acute @entity1729 can be reduced in a point-of-service health care setting using a combination of @entity1 and provider educational interventions.

title: Optimizing antibiotic prescribing for acute XXXX in an urban urgent care clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections', 'upper respiratory tract infections', 'upper respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']