abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) is considered to be an indicator of @entity260 in. abdominal surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of serial measurement of @entity1851 in drainage fluid in the detection of @entity834 ( @entity834 ) in @entity1 with colorectal resection. METHODS: @entity1851 values in serum and drainage fluid, respectively, were measured on the first, third, fifth, and seventh postoperative day (POD) in 150 @entity1 with colorectal resection and primary @entity254 . The values obtained were compared between the groups of @entity1 without complications of surgical treatment and those with @entity834 . RESULTS: Clinically evident @entity834 was observed in 15 @entity1 --in two (4.2%) @entity1 with left colonic surgery, and 13 (12.6%) @entity1 with @entity14 . Mean values of @entity1851 were higher in the @entity1 with @entity834 than in the @entity1 without complications, both in serum and drainage fluid, with the most significant differences recorded on the PODs 5 and 7 (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum and drainage fluid @entity1851 levels in both groups of patients. Serum and drainage fluid @entity1851 values on the PODs 5 and 7 are most important in the detection of @entity834 . In 80% of @entity1 with @entity1851 values in the drainage fluid of 53 mg/L for the POD 5 and 42 mg/L for the POD 7 @entity834 was observed. The method specificity was 77% for the POD 5, and 83% for the POD 7. All the @entity1 with @entity1851 values in drainage fluid above 108 mg/L on the POD 5 and 93 mg/L on the POD 7 had @entity834 . CONCLUSION: Serial measurement of @entity1851 in drainage fluid can reliably be used in the detection of @entity834 in @entity1 with colorectal resection. The most significant values obtained on the PODs 5 and 7 were positively correlated with the values registered in

title: XXXX in drainage fluid as a predictor of @entity834 after elective colorectal resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the significance of muscularis mucosae involvement in @entity3 of @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: This was a retrospective cohort study of superficial @entity189 ( @entity1606 ). Histopathology and @entity1 records of 192 @entity1 were collected from 1990 to 2004. There were 115 males and 77 females, their age ranged from 43 to 83 years old with an average of 60 +/- 5 years. One hundred cases did not invade muscularis mucosae layer (group A) and 92 cases invaded the muscularis mucosae layer (group B). The histopathology of biopsy or cystectomy specimens for recurrence, progression of the disease and the number of vessels above and below the muscularis mucosae layer of @entity150 specimens were compared by light microscopic examination with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) and followed by immunoperoxidase desmin stain. RESULTS: The amount per high power field of the blood and lymphatic vessels below muscularis mucosae layer, 9 (6-12), was significantly higher than that above muscularis mucosae layer, 7 (5-10) (p < 0.05). The @entity5 high grade (grade 3) in group B had also significantly higher percentage than that in group A, 30.4:5.0 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the recurrent rate (recurrent > 2) in group B had also a significantly higher percentage than that in group A, 21.4:4.0 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present study has confirmed previous findings that not all muscularis mucosae layers (about 50%) were found in the biopsy specimens. The findings of superficial @entity5 (no invasion to muscularis propria) invading the muscularis mucosae are a warning sign for invasive @entity5 that needs more aggressive treatment.

title: Significance of muscularis mucosae in @entity3 involvement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'urothelial cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intermittent fasting (IF; severe restriction 1 d/week) facilitates @entity353 and improves @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk indicators. The degree to which @entity353 can be enhanced if IF is combined with calorie restriction (CR) and liquid meals, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effects of IF plus CR (with or without a liquid diet) on body weight, body composition, and @entity301 risk. METHODS: Obese @entity1 (n = 54) were randomized to either the IFCR-liquid (IFCR-L) or IFCR-food based (IFCR-F) diet. The trial had two phases: 1) 2-week weight maintenance period, and 2) 8-week @entity353 period. RESULTS: Body weight decreased more (P = 0.04) in the IFCR-L group (3.9    1.4 kg) versus the IFCR-F group (2.5    0.6 kg). Fat mass decreased similarly (P < 0.0001) in the IFCR-L and IFCR-F groups (2.8    1.2 kg and 1.9    0.7 kg, respectively). Visceral fat was reduced (P < 0.001) by IFCR-L (0.7    0.5 kg) and IFCR-F (0.3    0.5 kg) diets. Reductions in total and LDL @entity165 levels were greater (P = 0.04) in the IFCR-L (19    10%; 20    9%, respectively) versus the IFCR-F group (8    3%; 7    4%, respectively). LDL peak particle size increased (P < 0.01), while heart rate, @entity413 , insulin, and @entity1255 decreased (P < 0.05), in the IFCR-L group only. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that IF combined with CR and liquid meals is an effective strategy to help @entity28 @entity1 lose weight and lower @entity301 risk.

title: Intermittent fasting combined with calorie restriction is effective for XXXX and cardio-protection in @entity28 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF STUDY: Pre-emptive analgesia represents a treatment strategy which tries to prevent the development of @entity158 by inhibiting central reactions to peripheral sensory stimuli. In a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study, the effect of oral premedication with 4 mg of a slow-release @entity10748 preparation on postoperative @entity22730 consumption and subjective @entity158 perception is being evaluated. @entity1 AND METHODS: 96 @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy were randomly assigned to four study groups. @entity1 from groups 1 and 2 received @entity10748 and placebo respectively two hours before surgery, while those from groups 3 and 4 were given the same substances one hour after the end of the operation. @entity282 relief was provided by a @entity1 -controlled infusion pump with @entity22730 . The intensity of @entity282 as perceived by the @entity1 was quantified on a visual analogue scale. @entity22730 consumption and @entity158 scores were recorded at 1 and 24 hours after surgery. Approval of the local Ethics Committee had been obtained beforehand as well as written informed consent from the @entity1 . RESULTS: No significant differences in @entity22730 consumption were observed in between the four study groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings at 1 and 24 hours after surgery did not show any significant differences either--irrespective of whether the @entity1 had received @entity10748 or placebo preoperatively or postoperatively. CONCLUSION: In our study, oral administration of 4 mg of slow-release @entity10748 did not show any greater pre-emptive analgesic effect than placebo.

title: Effect of pre-emptive @entity10748 administration on XXXX relief--a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity22730 :: ('MESH:D010892', 'Chemical') :: ['piritramide', 'Piritramide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A major reason for limited validity of research is @entity3257 . Subjects with severe @entity1032 tend to cumulate in the group of non- @entity1 , causing selection bias. We tested the hypothesis that severe @entity716 is linked to @entity3257 in a field survey including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, @entity146 interviews and cognitive testing among subjects with @entity716 . Furthermore, we wanted to explore other associative factors expected to affect @entity3257 . METHODS: Members of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort with a lifetime diagnosis of @entity716 (N = 145) were invited to participate in the survey conducted in 1999-2001. Non-participation was determined by refusal or loss of contact. Data were gathered in earlier phases of the follow-up study or using register data. RESULTS: Ninety-one (63%) subjects attended the study. Compared to @entity1 , non- @entity1 were more often @entity1 with @entity161 and had more @entity146 hospitalisations, they had more positive @entity716 symptoms during their illness course and they were more often on disability pension. Married subjects participated more often than those who were not married. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that among subjects with @entity716 , particularly those subjects who have the most severe @entity221 are less willing to participate. This may lead to biased estimates when studying subjects with severe @entity146 .

title: Non-participation may bias the results of a XXXX survey: an analysis from the survey including magnetic resonance imaging within the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['non-participation']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Background. @entity13626 is a rare @entity5 . This @entity5 is characterized by osteoid and bone formation with the presence of numerous osteoblasts. The lesion is more frequently seen in long bones and rarely involves maxilla and mandible. Due to its clinical and histological similarity with other @entity3478 such as @entity10545 and @entity75 , @entity13626 presents a diagnostic dilemma. Case Report. Very few cases of @entity13626 involving maxillofacial region have been reported in the literature. This case report involves @entity13626 involving @entity4265 in an 18-year-old male @entity1 . Following detailed clinical examination, radiological interpretation, and histopathological diagnosis, surgical excision was performed. The @entity1 was followed up for a period of 3 years and was disease free. Summary and Conclusion. @entity13626 involving jaw bones is a rare @entity5 . There is a close resemblance of this @entity5 with other lesions such as @entity5 and thus faces a diagnostic challenge. @entity954 with a long-term follow-up gives good prognosis to this @entity75 .

title: XXXX involving maxilla: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity13626 :: ('MESH:D018215', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastoma', 'Benign osteoblastoma', 'osteoblastomas', 'Osteoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'fibro-osseous lesions and odontogenic tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesion-Benign Osteoblastoma', 'fibro-osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical excision']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right maxilla']

answer: @entity13626 :: (MESH:D018215,Disease) :: ['Benign osteoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of displaced @entity2249 is crucial and vulnerable to develop complications. The present study was performed to evaluate the clinical outcome of delayed reduction with multiple screw fixations in young @entity1 who had displaced @entity2249 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors conducted a retrospective study in young @entity1 , aged less than 50 years old, who underwent delayed fixation for traumatic displaced @entity2249 (Garden classification III or IV) at Phetchabun Hospital between 1997 and 2002. Either closed or open reduction was performed to achieve an acceptable alignment and fixed with 2 or 3 cancellous screws. Study factors were age, gender Garden classification, time to reduction, type of reduction, number of screw fixation and Garden alignment index. Non-union and @entity2530 was assessed by clinical and radiographic findings. RESULTS: There were 26 eligible @entity1 . The average duration of delayed surgery was 13 days (range 2 to 30 days). Twenty-three @entity1 had completed followed-up at average 28.4 months (range 14-52 months). All @entity1 revealed complete union and independently ambulated within 10-16 months postoperatively. Clinical and radiographic avascular necroses of the femoral head developed in 2 @entity1 (8.7%) at 20 and 24 months after surgery. Three @entity1 who had early fixation failure underwent hemiarthroplasty except one @entity1 refused to re-operate. CONCLUSION: Within 30-day delayed reduction and screw fixation for the treatment of displaced @entity2249 in the young is still good alternative treatment to preserve the femoral head with low rate of @entity2530 .

title: Non-union and @entity2530 of delayed reduction and screw fixation in displaced XXXX in young adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival for resected soft-tissue @entity242 remains unknown. We investigated the effect of intensive adjuvant chemotherapy on survival in @entity1 after resection of high-risk soft-tissue @entity242 . METHODS: In this multicentre randomised trial, @entity1 with macroscopically resected, Trojani grade II-III soft-tissue @entity242 at any site, no metastases, performance status lower than 2 and aged between 16 and 70 years were eligible within 4 weeks of definitive surgery. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy or no chemotherapy (control group). Randomisation was done with a minimisation technique, stratified by hospital, site of primary @entity5 , @entity5 size, planned radiotherapy, and isolated limb perfusion therapy. Chemotherapy consisted of five cycles of @entity632 75 mg/m(2), @entity1260 5 g/m(2), and lenograstim every 3 weeks. @entity1 in both groups received radiotherapy if the resection was marginal or the @entity5 recurrent. The primary endpoint was overall survival and analyses were done by intention to treat. The final results are presented. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00002641. FINDINGS: Between February, 1995, and December, 2003, 351 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the adjuvant chemotherapy group (175 @entity1 ) or to the control group (176). 258 (73%) of 351 @entity1 received radiotherapy, 129 in each group. Overall survival did not differ significantly between groups (hazard ratio [HR] 0  94 [95% CI 0  68-1  31], p=0  72) nor did relapse-free survival (HR 0  91 [0  67-1  22], p=0  51). 5-year overall survival rate was 66  5% (58  8-73  0) in the chemotherapy group and 67  8% (60  3-74  2) in the control group. Chemotherapy was well tolerated, with 130 (80%) of 163 @entity1 who started it completing all five cycles. 16 (10%) @entity1 had grade 3 or 4 fever or @entity281 , but no deaths due to toxic effects were recorded. INTERPRETATION: Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity632 and @entity1260 in resected soft-tissue @entity242 showed no benefit in relapse-free survival or overall survival. Future studies should focus on @entity1 with larger, grade III, and extremity @entity242 .

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity632 , @entity1260 , and lenograstim for resected soft-tissue XXXX (EORTC 62931): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: Cytogenetic analysis performed at diagnosis is widely recognised to provide one of the most valuable prognostic indicators in @entity3052 . Yet any role for this technique in residual disease assessment, particularly in the context of subsequent transplantation procedures has been incompletely explored. The present study considers the outcome of 190 @entity1 drawn from the UK MRC @entity3052 10 trial in whom cytogenetics were assessed whilst in morphological CR at the time of bone marrow harvest. Cytogenetics at this stage were abnormal in 19 @entity1 (10%). In 11/19 @entity1 , the @entity854 reflected the acquisition of new clonal (3/11) or nonclonal changes (8/11) that were not identified at diagnosis; comparison of this group to @entity1 with normal cytogenetics at harvest provided no evidence that such acquired changes are of prognostic significance. In 8/19 @entity1 , @entity854 were indicative of persistence of the disease-related clone in harvested marrow. Two of these @entity1 died of @entity295 during consolidation therapy. Two received ABMT in first morphological CR: one @entity1 with @entity3052 associated with a favourable karyotype (+8,inv(16)) remains in CR, 5.5 years post-transplant, whereas the other with @entity2008 considered to confer a poor prognosis (inv(3q),-7), relapsed within 5 months of ABMT. All four of the remaining @entity1 with cytogenetic evidence of persistent disease who were not transplanted in first CR, relapsed within 6.5 months of harvest. Therefore, among 101 of 190 @entity1 with @entity3052 characterised by abnormal karyotype at diagnosis, persistence of the disease-related clone in eight @entity1 (8%), revealed by conventional cytogenetic assessment at bone marrow harvest whilst in morphological remission, was found to predict a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, transplantation procedures using marrow which is obviously contaminated with the original leukaemic clone may occasionally still be associated with long-term survival.

title: What happens subsequently in @entity3052 when @entity2008 persist at bone marrow harvest? Results of the 10th UK MRC XXXX trial. Medical Research Council Leukaemia Working Parties.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities detected']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['cytogenetic abnormalities']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to the widespread application of engineered nanoparticles, their potential risk to ecosystems and @entity1 health is of growing concern. @entity575 nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are one of the most extensively produced NPs. Thus, this study aims to develop a method to detect Ag NPs in different aquatic systems. In complex media, three emerging techniques are compared, including hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC), asymmetric flow field flow fractionation ( @entity28867 ) and @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ). The pre-treatment procedure of centrifugation is evaluated. HDC can estimate the Ag NP sizes, which were consistent with the results obtained from DLS. @entity28867 can also determine the size of Ag NPs but with lower recoveries, which could result from the interactions between Ag NPs and the working membrane. For the @entity3928 , both the particle size and concentrations can be determined with high Ag NP recoveries. The particle size resulting from @entity3928 also corresponded to the transmission electron microscopy observation (p>0.05). Therefore, HDC and @entity3928 are recommended for environmental analysis of the samples after our established pre-treatment process. The findings of this study propose a preliminary technique to more accurately determine the Ag NPs in aquatic environments and to use this knowledge to evaluate the environmental impact of manufactured NPs.

title: Comparison of three analytical methods to measure the size of XXXX nanoparticles in real environmental water and wastewater samples.

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry', 'SP-ICP-MS']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) is an important cause of @entity294 in @entity1 . EPEC adheres to the intestinal epithelium and @entity31893 attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions. Recombinant @entity7666 (Smeg) and @entity2497 BCG strains were constructed to express either BfpA or intimin. The entire bfpA gene and a portion of the intimin gene were amplified by PCR from EPEC genomic DNA and inserted into the pMIP12 vector at the BamHI/KpnI sites. The pMIP_bfpA and pMIP_intimin vectors were introduced separately into Smeg and BCG. Recombinant clones were selected based on @entity7913 resistance and designated rSmeg_pMIP_(bfpA or intimin) and rBCG_pMIP_(bfpA or intimin). The expression of bfpA and intimin was detected by Immunoblotting using polyclonal anti-BfpA and anti-intimin antibodies. The immunogenicity of these proteins was assessed in C57BL/6 @entity19 by assaying the feces and serum for the presence of anti-BfpA and anti-intimin IgA and IgG antibodies. @entity637 and INF-y were produced in vitro by spleen cells from @entity19 immunized with recombinant BfpA, whereas TNF-y was produced in @entity19 immunized with recombinant intimin. The adhesion of EPEC (E2348/69) to HEp-2 target cells was blocked by IgA or IgG antibodies from @entity19 immunized with recombinant BfpA or intimin but not by antibodies from non-immunized @entity19 . Immunogenic non-infectious vectors containing relevant EPEC virulence genes may be promising vaccine candidates.

title: Generation of recombinant bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin and @entity7666 expressing BfpA and intimin as vaccine vectors against enteropathogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Concerns have been raised about the long-term safety of drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation due to late angiographic stent @entity715 (LAST). We investigated the incidence and 6-month clinical and angiographic outcomes of LAST after DES versus bare metal stent (BMS) implantation. This study comprised 6,551 @entity1 treated with BMSs (n = 4,104) or DESs (n = 2,447). LAST was defined as angiographically proved stent @entity715 with @entity63 >30 days after stenting. Major adverse @entity299 were defined as death, Q-wave @entity583 , and @entity75 revascularization. @entity1 treated with DESs had a significantly higher risk profile than did @entity1 treated with BMSs. There were 8 cases (0.33%) of LAST in the DES group and 7 (0.17%) in the BMS group, showing similar event rates after risk adjustment (adjusted hazard ratio 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.1 to 18.4, p = 0.9). Four @entity1 with LAST treated with DESs (50%) and 1 treated with BMSs (14%) were associated with discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy. Two cases (25%) of LAST with DESs occurred in @entity1 on @entity117 monotherapy and another 2 cases (25%) occurred in @entity1 on dual antiplatelet therapy. There was no case of in-hospital death associated with LAST events. At 6-month follow-up after LAST events, major adverse @entity299 occurred in only 3 @entity1 (43%) in the BMS group. In conclusion, the incidence of LAST was similar after DES and BMS implantations. LAST treated with DESs was associated with antiplatelet therapy discontinuation in a significant number of @entity1 , and LAST events also developed on dual antiplatelet therapy. @entity1 with LAST and DESs showed favorable outcomes during follow-up.

title: Frequency of coronary arterial late angiographic stent XXXX (LAST) in the first six months: outcomes with drug-eluting stents versus bare metal stents.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: As the @entity1201 has declined considerably, we need to understand the current social status of the disease and @entity1 . A qualitative study was conducted in a rural community near Chennai in Tamil Nadu, between March and October 2011. In-depth interviews with 72 @entity1201 @entity1 from 25 villages and 3 @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) with 26 @entity1 from 3 villages were conducted using a guide. The qualitative data were grouped into different domains and analysed. Most of them did not have basic knowledge on @entity1201 ; instead there were misconceptions on cause and spread of @entity1201 . Nearly one third of the @entity1 had not disclosed about the disease to their spouse, family members, relatives or friends for fear of social rejection, discrimination and ill treatment. In all, more than half of them had self-stigma and, most of them who had @entity85 faced actual stigma by way of disowning, isolation and social rejection. Many @entity1 , particularly PB cases had the behavior of "denial". FGD @entity1 reported of self and actual stigma, particularly towards @entity85 , for fear of getting infected. Stigma among @entity1 with @entity85 , and @entity66 among PB cases, were highlighted. Importance of awareness programmes to remove misconceptions related to cause and spread of the disease was stressed. Need for @entity1 -centered social treatment was suggested for increased case detection.

title: Awareness, social acceptance and community views on @entity1201 and its relevance for XXXX control, Tamil Nadu.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['denial of the disease']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['FGDs', 'focus group discussions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and disfigurement', 'deformity']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['leprosy burden', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: How Wingless and Decapentaplegic regulate cell proliferation in the developing @entity238 limbs and how cell proliferation and limb growth are coordinated are two of the most intriguing questions in developmental biology nowadays. Two recent reports [Johnston LA, Edgar BA. Nature 1998;394:82-84 ( @entity19326 ) and Neufeld TP, et al. 1998; Cell 93:1183-1193 ( @entity38289 )] have shed new light on these questions. The first report [Johnston LA, Edgar BA. Nature 1998;394:82-84 ( @entity19326 )] shows how Wingless regulates the cell cycle of a particular group of cells in the late wing discs. A second paper [Neufeld TP, et al. 1998; Cell 93:1183-1193 ( @entity38289 )] shows the role of cell cycle regulators in proliferating wing disc cells and the relationship between cell division and limb growth.

title: Cell cycle control in the XXXX wing.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: This research assesses the development of the night-activity rhythm and quality of sleep during course of treatment among @entity1 with @entity162 and receiving antidepressant treatment plus @entity1089 . Twenty-seven @entity1 with major @entity308 were included into a 4-week follow-up study and compared with 27 healthy controls. Motor activity was continuously measured with an electronic wrist device (actigraphy), sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and @entity1 were clinically assessed with the Hamilton @entity308 score. All @entity1 received a standard antidepressant treatment plus @entity1089 . Whereas we found a rapid and maintaining improvement of subjective @entity25 during the 4-week study, we observed a rapid improvement of some objective @entity25 (actigraph) within the first week, but no further significant change of objective @entity25 during the rest of the study. Another main finding of this study is that changes of subjectively and objectively assessed @entity25 do not necessarily reflect clinical improvement of @entity308 during the same timeline. Despite partial clinical remission, objective @entity25 still showed significantly different patterns compared with controls. This study is the first to examine the effect of @entity1089 on locomotor activity alongside with sleep in @entity308 . As the studied @entity1 with @entity308 showed improvement in subjective and objective @entity25 , @entity1089 may be a promising drug for @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity22 . Further studies need to investigate in detail the timeline of clinical remission and alterations of objective and subjective @entity25 .

title: Night locomotor activity and quality of sleep in XXXX -treated @entity1 with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar or bipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep parameters']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: AIMS: We report a retrospective mono-institutional analysis of @entity417 (< 12 g/dl) at different treatment times (preoperative, postoperative, before radiotherapy and nadir levels during radiotherapy) in @entity135 @entity1 treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The study objective was to determine whether, and at which time points, @entity417 had a significant effect on the end points overall survival and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The end points for the statistical analysis in 130 @entity1 were LRFS and overall survival. A univariate analysis (Log-rank test) was carried out on the following variables with potential end point-related impact: gender, T, N, G, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, @entity5 site, resection status, overall treatment time (OTT), @entity34 ( @entity34 ) and preoperative, postoperative, pre-radiotherapy and nadir levels of haemoglobin during radiotherapy. Individual variables with a significant effect (P=0.05) were then subjected to multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 59 months. The univariate analysis showed that AJCC stage (P=0.0268), resection status (P=0.0407), preoperative haemoglobin level (P=0.0087), postoperative haemoglobin level (P=0.0035), @entity34 (P=0.0042) and OTT (P=0.0343) significantly influenced overall survival. OTT (P=0.0130) and postoperative haemoglobin (P=0.0243) had a significant effect on LRFS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed postoperative haemoglobin < 12 g/dl and OTT>100 days to be independent negative prognostic factors for both end points. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative acute @entity417 < 12 g/dl and an OTT>100 days were independent negative prognostic factors for LRFS and overall survival in @entity1 with @entity135 treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

title: The prognostic value of @entity417 at different treatment times in @entity1 with locally advanced XXXX treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['radiotherapy treatment time', 'RTT']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular proliferation, a prominent feature of @entity5 of the central nervous system, is a prime target for anti- @entity5 therapy. METHODS: Because @entity540 ( @entity540 ) plays a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis, surgical specimens from 52 @entity1 @entity1313 were examined by immunocytochemical studies with a murine monoclonal antibody to @entity540 . Sections from these @entity5 also were incubated with Ki-67 monoclonal antibody to measure the growth fraction. RESULTS: Immunostaining for @entity540 was observed in 45 of 52 (87%) @entity5 , reacting with 97% of the malignant @entity1313 and 67% of @entity5 (P < 0.01). The nonreactive @entity5 were a @entity2946 and 7 of 21 (33%) benign, noninvasive, slow-growing @entity5 (1 @entity5513 , 3 @entity1653 , 2 @entity977 , and 1 @entity3540 ). The indices of proliferation (Ki-67 labeling) were lower for the 21 @entity5 (1.2 +/- 1.1%) than the 31 @entity5 (10.3 +/- 10.5%; P < 0.001). The @entity540 was immunolocalized in the @entity5 cell nuclei in 23 of 52 @entity5 (44%) and in the cytoplasm of 8 of 52 (15%) @entity5 . Immunostaining to @entity540 was prominent in the microvascular endothelial compartment in 84% of the @entity5 and only 52% of @entity5 (P < 0.01). Immunostaining was not present after preabsorption of the antibody with pure @entity1 recombinant @entity540 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity540 predominantly within the @entity5 microvasculature indicates a cellular depot for this potent growth factor that mediates angiogenesis and @entity105 . These data support a role for @entity540 in the transition from the benign to the malignant phenotype.

title: Immunolocalization of @entity540 to the microvasculature of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'benign tumors', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: An eight-month-old male @entity1 was admitted with weakness and @entity4 in the feet. Paraparesis and bilateral lower extremity @entity4 were present in the neurological examination. @entity1514 MRI showed an intradural intramedullary mass 61 x 11 mm in size in the T5-T10 levels. Laminotomy between the T5-T10 vertebrae was performed. A mass with smooth borders was separated from most of the neural tissue. In the postoperative MRI, we observed a contrast enhancing area, considered a residual fragment, only 5 x 4 mm in size. Histopathological properties were compatible with the intermixed subtype of @entity6012 . Only a limited number of @entity602 reports have been previously published. Although very rare in @entity1 and young adults, @entity6012 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity4097 . It is difficult to obtain a preoperative diagnosis with clinical features and radiological investigations. Diagnosis depends on histopathological examinations. Curative treatment should be in the form of a complete resection of the @entity5 . In partially resected cases, adjuvant radiotherapy may become necessary, along with close follow-up.

title: XXXX of the thoracic spinal cord: a very rare case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6012 :: ('MESH:D018305', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cord Ganglioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic cord tumors']

answer: @entity6012 :: (MESH:D018305,Disease) :: ['Ganglioneuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder that affects approximately 2% to 3% of the population, which translates to 17 million in North America and Europe and approximately 170 million @entity1 worldwide. Although @entity1569 can occur at any age, most cases develop before age 40 years. Some larger studies have noted bimodal age at onset with the first peak occurring at approximately age 30 years and the second peak at around 55 to 60 years, but most @entity1 have a younger age of onset (15-30 years). Psoriasis is associated with multiple comorbidities, decreased quality of life, and decreased longevity of life. Two recent systematic reviews and a meta-analysis concluded that @entity1569 @entity1 are at increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Multiple studies confirm that many of the comorbidities found in @entity1 with @entity1569 are also important risk factors for @entity65 , @entity64 , @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , @entity28 , and @entity209 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using charts from a dermatology clinic combined with an administrative database of @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. We examined the role of clinical predictors (age of onset of @entity1569 , age, sex, biologic use) in predicting incident @entity583 ( @entity583 ). RESULTS: Logistic regression revealed that age of onset (odds ratio [OR], 8.85; P = .005), advancing age (OR, 1.07; P < .0001), and being male (OR, 3.64; P = .018) were significant risk factors for the development of @entity583 . Neither biologic therapy nor duration of biologic therapy were statistically significant risk factors for the development of @entity583 . Our study found that in @entity1 with @entity1569 treated with biologics, there was a nonsignificant trend in reduced @entity583 by 78% (relative risk, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-1.34; P = .056). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a trend toward decreased @entity583 in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity1569 on biologics. @entity1 with an early age of onset of @entity1569 (<25 years) were nearly 9 times more likely to have an @entity583 . Clinicians should consider appropriate cardiovascular risk reduction strategies in @entity1 with @entity1569 .

title: Do Biologics Protect XXXX With Psoriasis From @entity583 ? A Retrospective Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The sentinel-node technique was first introduced by Morton in high-risk @entity320 . Recently, this technique has also been used in @entity1 with T1 @entity0 . Lymphoscintigraphy and the gamma probe are currently used in sentinel lymph-node detection. Many investigators have used this technique in clinical practice and there is no standard procedure in terms of the timing of lymphoscintigraphy, type of vital stain, radiolabelled tracer, etc. This heterogeneity might account for the broad range of false-negatives reported in the literature. The aim of our study was to carefully review and analyse the literature in order to identify the most reliable technique for use in sentinel node detection. The results of the review seem to indicate that the simultaneous use of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe and vital staining is capable of ensuring the best results. These data have been confirmed in our experience of 15 @entity1 . The sentinel node search was successful in 100% of the cases, and the percentage of false negative was 0%. The use of the best technique available might prove extremely important, particularly in randomised clinical trials, comparing sentinel node biopsy with axillary dissection. In the @entity1 group undergoing sentinel node biopsy, the axillary pathological staging is based exclusively on this technique and therefore its reliability must be assured if it is to serve as a precise guide in the planning of adjuvant treatments.

title: [Sentinel lymph-node assessment in XXXX . Current status and future perspectives].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma of the skin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to report initial results of a phase I study using single-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with inoperable @entity2 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 included those with inoperable T1-2N0 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or solitary lung metastases. Treatments were delivered by means of the CyberKnife. All @entity1 underwent computed tomography-guided metallic fiducial placement in the @entity5 for image-guided targeting. Nine to 20 @entity1 were treated per dose cohort starting at 15 Gy/fraction followed by dose escalation of 5 to 10 Gy to a maximal dose of 30 Gy/fraction. A minimal 3-month period was required between each dose level to monitor @entity137 . RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (21 @entity1149 and 11 @entity3 ) were enrolled. At 25 Gy, @entity358 was noted in @entity1 with prior pulmonary RT and treatment volumes greater than 50 cc; therefore, dose escalation to 30 Gy was applied only to unirradiated @entity1 and treatment volume less than 50 cc. Ten @entity1 received doses less than 20 Gy, 20 received 25 Gy, and two received 30 Gy. @entity532 were noted for doses greater than 25 Gy and included four cases of grade 2 to 3 @entity55 , one @entity1143 , and three possible treatment-related @entity204 . The 1-year freedom from local progression was 91% for dose greater than 20 Gy and 54% for dose less than 20 Gy in @entity1149 (p = 0.03). @entity1149 @entity1 had significantly better freedom from relapse (p = 0.003) and borderline higher survival than those with @entity3 (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Single-fraction stereotactic RT is feasible for selected @entity1 with @entity2 . For those with prior thoracic RT, 25 Gy may be too toxic. Higher dose was associated with improved local control. Longer follow-up is necessary to determine the treatment efficacy and @entity137 .

title: Results of a phase I dose-escalation study using single-fraction stereotactic radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['RT-related complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18711 is a rare complication associated with @entity43 . Although @entity43 are rare in @entity1 , they are common in @entity1 with @entity9658 after puberty. CASE: A 14-year-old @entity1 with @entity9658 was admitted to our hospital for @entity1491 . A chest x- @entity16039 revealed @entity1143 . Ultrasonography revealed bilateral multinodular ovarian masses. @entity18711 associated with @entity43 was considered. A laparotomy revealed bilateral ovarian masses, which were resected. Microscopically, the masses were composed of mitotically active @entity81 and areas resembling @entity2698 and @entity17815 . The @entity1143 disappeared soon after the surgery. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: Physicians should consider the possibility that @entity1143 might precede the diagnosis of @entity43 in @entity1 with @entity9658 .

title: Meigs Syndrome Superimposed on Gorlin Syndrome in a 14-Year-Old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian fibroma', 'ovarian fibromas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity17815 :: ('MESH:D013798', 'Disease') :: ['luteinized thecoma']

entities_list: @entity9658 :: ('MESH:D001478', 'Disease') :: ['Gorlin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity18711 :: ('MESH:D008538', 'Disease') :: ['Meigs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['ablation of basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Girl']


abstract: Gout is a @entity66 due to the deposition of @entity414 (the catabolite of @entity3042 ) crystals within joints. Prevalence of the disease is high. Potential articular and @entity532 are numerous. Therefore, a chronic, preventive and effective therapy is required in specific @entity1 . Dietary changes are frequently insufficient and urate-lowering therapy is thus necessary, like uricosuric or @entity3624 oxydase inhibitors. The objective of these therapies is to lower serum urate levels below 6 mg/dL. The @entity3624 oxydase inhibitor @entity208 is still the most used in the context of gout prevention. However, @entity208 tolerance and efficacy are far from optimal. Now, a new therapy is available in Belgium, the @entity20082 . @entity20082 is a new @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor.Tolerance and therapeutic effect seem better compared to @entity208 . In this article, we review pharmacological data about this new treatment. We also review the most important clinical trials underlining strengths and limitations of @entity20082 .

title: [Medication of the month. XXXX (Adenuric)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatologic disease']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['nephrological complications']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['Febuxostat', 'febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity20082 :: (MESH:C084623,Chemical) :: ['Febuxostat']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the long term clinical performance of the Schering @entity1619 200 intrauterine contraceptive device. METHOD: From 1982 to 1990, 446 @entity1 were fitted with their first @entity1619 IUD's and followed up until December 1994. By this cut off data, 21 (4.7%) were lost to follow up. These were excluded to simplify analysis. RESULTS: Of the remaining 425 @entity1 , there were 383 multipara and 42 nullipara. Thirty one percent were fitted with a new @entity1619 after 4 years of use. The method was uncomplicated in 70% of multiparous @entity1 , but in nulliparous users, the removal rate for unacceptable @entity548 and/or @entity158 was found to be 40% compared to 19% for the multipara. An expulsion rate of 4.9% was recorded. The overall cumulative accidental pregnancy rate was 3.5% with a Pearl Index of 1.2 per hundred @entity1 years, a lower rate in older users being the only age related event in the study. Possible pelvic @entity32 was recorded in 2.8% with a Pearl index of 0.96. There was no evidence of subfertility after removal in any of the 53 @entity1 where a pregnancy was desired. CONCLUSION: The @entity1619 200 IUCD is safe and cost effective and should continue to be offered as a contraceptive option for properly selected @entity1 . Although poorly tolerated by nullipara, it proved to be very satisfactory for multiparous @entity1 , particularly nursing mothers and those over 40 years of age.

title: The XXXX 200 intrauterine contraceptive device: a 12 year study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['Nova-T']


abstract: @entity2631 esophagus is characterized by ineffective peristalsis and reduced esophageal sphincter pressure. @entity1208 in @entity2631 can precede cutaneous manifestations and has been associated with @entity2407 ( @entity2407 ) and @entity3794 ( @entity3794 ). The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of cutaneous findings, @entity2407 , and @entity3794 on demographics, symptoms, and esophageal motility in @entity1 with @entity2631 . @entity2631 @entity1 with esophageal involvement were included after review of esophageal manometries and charts over a 6-year period. High-resolution esophageal manometry was performed. @entity1 completed a symptom questionnaire. The study enrolled 28 @entity1 (22 females; mean age 50.3    12.8 years) with @entity2631 esophagus. @entity1 without skin involvement (n= 12) reported more severe heartburn (P= 0.02), while those with cutaneous findings (n= 16) had more frequent @entity1282 with solids (P= 0.02). @entity1 with @entity2407 (n= 22) had lower amplitude of distal esophageal contractions (P= 0.01) than those without @entity2407 (n= 6). @entity1 with @entity3794 (n= 11) reported more severe coughing and wheezing (both P= 0.03) than those without @entity358 (n= 17). This study highlights subgroups of @entity1 with @entity2631 esophagus according to phenotypic findings of dermatologic changes, @entity2407 , and @entity3794 . Heartburn and @entity1282 are important symptoms that may be associated with different stages of disease progression based on skin changes in @entity2631 . @entity2407 was associated with greater @entity4423 . Coughing and wheezing were more severe in @entity1 with @entity3794 .

title: Symptoms and esophageal motility based on phenotypic findings of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis', 'PF']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon", 'RP']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is associated with increased risk of @entity301 . Cardiac rehabilitation is considered an effective intervention and a Class I indication in @entity1 with @entity301 . This study was designed to evaluate the effects of home-based, integrated cardiac rehabilitation (HBICR) of @entity1 with @entity301 in modifiable risk-factor control and exercise capacity. Sixty-four @entity1 with @entity301 were investigated and randomized into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received a HBICR containing medication use, exercise program, smoking-cessation counseling, and education regarding risk factors, nutrition, and the necessity of continuing the program, whereas the control group received traditional care. Baseline and follow-up assessments at 3  months and 12  months, including body composition, @entity209 risk score, and biochemical tests were performed in all @entity1 . Additionally, cardiopulmonary function tests were also performed at baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments. There was a significant between-group, within-group, and interaction effect found in the @entity209 Z scores. Significant within-group effects were also observed in modified Adult Treatment Panel III score, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein. However, several cardiopulmonary parameters did not differ significantly at 3-month follow-up between the two groups, including peak V  O2, peak heart rate, peak respiratory exchange ratio, anaerobic threshold V  O2, heart-rate reserve, and heart-rate recovery after 1  min and after 2  min. Our results showed that HBICR exhibited significant positive effects on modifiable risk-factor control in @entity301 @entity1 .

title: Beneficial effects of home-based cardiac rehabilitation on metabolic profiles in coronary heart-disease XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Decreased ability to accomplish significant leisure activities often occurs in early stages of @entity303 of @entity195 (DAT). As a long term effect, it may eventually affect the quality of life of the @entity1 as well as that of the caregiver's. In a previous study, a @entity1 with early DAT (77 years old, MMSE: 24/30) improved her participation in 2 leisure activities (listening to music and praying in a group) following the learning of a few tasks (e.g. using a radio cassette, remembering the significance of an pre-programmed ring) as a result of a cognitive intervention. The present study presents the long term effect of this intervention on the retention of the learned tasks and on spontaneous participation in both leisure activities of her daily living. Measures of tasks' learning and spontaneous participation in activities have been obtained through direct observation (ex: ability to use the tasks learned without assistance) and telephone conversations with the caregiver. The measures were taken 9 to 15 months post-intervention. Nine months after the end of the intervention, the @entity1 could no longer use the radio cassette, but was able to remember the significance of the pre-programmed ring. Similarly, she stopped listening to music, but still attended her prayer group. The intervention appears to maintain participation in a leisure activity for several months in a @entity1 with early DAT, in spite of expected functional decline. This functional impact can be achieved through retention of specific learned tasks as well as by strong external cues (daily pre-programmed ring), and can increase the quality of life for @entity1 with DAT.

title: [Long-term effect of a cognitive intervention on learning and participation in a significant leisure activity in early @entity303 of XXXX : a case study].

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer type']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer type']


abstract: Although the presence of decreased plasma @entity2002 has been regarded as an indicator of ongoing @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ), @entity2002 , which is one of the acute phase reactants, is often increased in the @entity1 with @entity5642 . We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic utility of a new parameter [the @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) ratio] for predicting @entity5642 in 1,056 @entity1 with suspected @entity5642 and who also had underlying disorders associated with @entity5642 . Among the 535 @entity1 with overt @entity5642 , 46 @entity1 (8.6%) showed low plasma @entity2002 (<100 mg/dl), suggesting that the plasma @entity2002 level is not a sensitive marker for @entity5642 . There was a strong correlation between the increased @entity5642 scores and increased number of @entity1 with low (<104) @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratios. Among the three groups with different serum @entity2002 /fibrin degradation product levels, the @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio showed a higher difference than did the @entity2002 level. The @entity5642 score was highly correlated with the 28-day mortality and the number of @entity1 with low @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratios. The odds ratio (the relative risk of 28-day mortality) of the low @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio was 6.15, while the odds ratio of the low @entity2002 level was 2.13. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of the @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio, when this was used for predicting mortality, showed significantly better discriminative power than did that of the @entity2002 level. This study demonstrates that the @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio may provide more discriminating power for identifying the @entity1 with @entity3459 consumption, and the @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio has a good predictive value concerning the 28-day mortality in the @entity1 suspected of having @entity5642 . The results of our study suggest that replacement of @entity2002 by the @entity2002 / @entity1851 ratio for calculating the @entity5642 score may lead to enhance diagnostic and prognostic power for @entity5642 .

title: Utility of the XXXX ratio for the diagnosis of @entity5642 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['active coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['fibrinogen/C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen/C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work with 3-week hydrocephalic rats showed that @entity62 could be reduced by the @entity460 channel antagonist @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ). We hypothesized that @entity2400 therapy would improve outcomes in ferrets with @entity1276 induced with @entity4563 at 15  days. METHODS: MRI was performed at 29  days to assess ventricle size and stratify ferrets to treatment conditions. Beginning at 31  days age, they were treated daily for 14  days with @entity2400 (9  mM/kg/day) or sham saline therapy, and then imaged again before sacrifice. Behavior was examined thrice weekly. Histological and biochemical ELISA and myelin enzyme activity assays were performed at 46  days age. RESULTS: Hydrocephalic ferrets exhibited some differences in weight and behavior between treatment groups. Those receiving @entity2400 weighed less, were more lethargic, and displayed reduced activity compared to those receiving saline injections. Hydrocephalic ferrets developed @entity1276 , which was not modified by @entity2400 treatment. Histological examination showed destruction of periventricular white matter. Glial fibrillary acidic protein content, @entity33718 content, and myelin enzyme activity did not differ significantly between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: The @entity1276 -associated disturbances in juvenile ferret brains are not ameliorated by @entity2400 treatment, and lethargy is a significant side effect.

title: @entity2399 treatment for juvenile ferrets following induction of XXXX with @entity4563 .

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter damage']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Previous studies showed two deviations from the predictions of the undistributed parallel tube model for hepatic uptake of substrates: a small deviation at high flows and a large deviation at low flows. We have examined whether these deviations could be described by a single correction factor. In @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4485 , a hepatic venous long-circuit technique with an extracorporeal reservoir was used to vary portal flow and @entity99 , and allow repeated sampling of @entity1503 without depletion of the cat's blood volume. Hepatic uptake of @entity1068 was measured over a wide range of blood flows and when intrahepatic pressure was increased at low flows. This uptake could be described by the parallel tube model with a correction for hepatic blood flow: Uptake = Vmax max.(1 - e-kF).c/(Km + c). In 22 @entity468 , Vmax max = 90 +/- 5 mumols/(min.100 g liver), k = 0.021 +/- 0.0015 when flow (F) was in millilitres per minute per 100 g liver, and Km = 150 +/- 20 microM when c is the log mean sinusoidal concentration. (1 - e-kF) represents the proportion of sinusoids perfused and metabolically active. A dynamic interpretation of this proportion is related to intermittency (derecruitment) of sinusoidal flow. Half the sinusoids were perfused at a flow of 33 mL/(min.100 g liver) and the liver was essentially completely perfused (greater than 95%) at the normal flow of 150 mL/(min.100 g liver). Derecruitment was not changed by raising @entity99 , and it was not related to hepatic venous resistance.

title: Derecruitment in cat liver: extension of undistributed parallel tube model to effects of low hepatic blood flow on XXXX uptake.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['arterial, portal, and hepatic venous blood']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic venous pressure']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: We studied 47 subjects belonging to 13 unrelated families with a history of mild @entity548 and chronic @entity882 . 36 @entity1 presented some degree of @entity882 : 7/36 (19%) had slight @entity882 (100-150 x 10(9)/L); 26/36 (72%) had mild @entity882 (50-100 x 10(9)/L) and 3/36 (8%) had severe @entity882 (< 50 x 10(9)/L). No correlation was observed between platelet count and the degree of @entity548 , which was mild in the majority of @entity1 . Transmission was autosomal dominant. @entity1423 , increased percentage of large platelets and absence of leukocyte inclusions were observed in 26/30 (87%) of the examined blood smears. The ultrastructural appearance of platelets was normal. Megakaryocytes appeared normal in number in 10/10 @entity1 , but showed asynchronous nuclear-cytoplasm maturation and mainly nonlobulated nuclei. @entity1423 was studied in 26 @entity1 and either increased or decreased curves were variably observed in response to different aggregating agents. Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was increased in 18/31 (58%) patients, while serum autoantibodies against @entity1423 Ib/IX or IIb/IIIa were demonstrable in only 1 case. An increased expression of platelet surface glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa, as studied by murine monoclonal antibodies binding in 17 cases, was observed. Platelet survival performed by 111Inoxine-labelled autologous platelets was normal in the 3 studied @entity1 . @entity13836 confirms to be a distinct clinical disorder for which the name of "chronic isolated @entity74 " is proposed.

title: Chronic @entity13836 with autosomal dominant transmission: a morphological and qualitative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic diathesis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet glycoproteins', 'Platelet anisocytosis', 'Platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity13836 :: ('MESH:C564525', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital macrothrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary macrothrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retrospective review of a single Institution experience with the management of @entity99 complicated with spontaneous @entity548 . METHODS: In a 11 years period from 1980 to 1990 we reviewed the medical charts of @entity1 treated at our Institution with the diagnosis of @entity99 complicated with @entity548 . We recorded demographic information, clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome. A review of the world literature was done. RESULTS: We found six @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity96 complicated with @entity548 . Five @entity1 were female with a age range from 30 to 67 years old. Four of them had an @entity652 (three of them single and one multiple) and the fifth had a non-parasitic cyst. Seventy-five per cent of the @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity652 had used in the past oral contraceptives for at least three years. The sixth @entity1 was a male with a @entity157 . Three @entity1 were admitted in shock. @entity99 was performed in two @entity1 ; the third required operative hemostasis. Major hepatic resections were performed in three @entity1 including a total hepatectomy and liver transplant. All @entity1 recovered satisfactorily. CONCLUSIONS: The spontaneous rupture of benign and @entity5 of the liver is not a common phenomenon, but is a serious complication. The experience of our Institution and the reports of literature favor CT scan and arteriogram as the most effective diagnostic methods in this group of @entity1 , but arteriogram has the advantage of its therapeutic potential. The long term prognosis of this @entity1 depends of their pathological diagnosis.

title: [Spontaneous @entity548 in XXXX . Experience at an institution].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'sudden bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Successful transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization', 'hepatic neoplasms']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver neoplasms']


abstract: Fourty-four @entity1 with @entity1150 of the leg diagnosed by phlebography and not more than five days old were treated with streptokinase. Oral anticoagulant therapy was started at the same time. Complete lysis of thrombi was obtained in 6 cases and partial one in 25 cases. Lysis of proximal thrombi was better than that of distal ones. The age of the thrombi had no effect on the lysis. @entity110 and anaphylactic reactions occurred in 8 @entity1 and treatment was discontinued. @entity548 were present in 8 cases but remission was obtained by dicontinuing streptokinase infusion. Commencing oral anticoagulant therapy simultaneously with streptokinase reduces duration of treatment without increasing the risks and the results of lysis are equally good as with earlier studies. The use of streptokinase is recommended in the treatment of proximal @entity1150 . This treatment offers a possibility of preventing a @entity2979 . The frequency of various complications should however be borne in mind.

title: Streptokinase and concomitant oral anticoagulants in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic complications']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['Urticaria']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common @entity32 characterized by activated T-cell infiltration. T lymphocytes bearing natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) have been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 . However, the expression pattern of activating and inhibitory NKRs on T lymphocytes from psoriatic @entity1 and its significance in @entity1569 needs further study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathogenesis of NKR-expressing T cells in @entity1569 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity102 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The immunophenotypic profiles of NKRs, including @entity2940 , @entity4071 (activating NKRs), @entity16301 , @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 (inhibitory NKRs), were analysed in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, as well as psoriatic lesional infiltrating T cells, by triple-fluorescence flow cytometry. RESULTS: A significant increase of inhibitory @entity405 + @entity31792 +, CD4 @entity405 @entity31792 + and @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells was found in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity1569 when compared with controls. Tissue-infiltrating T lymphocytes expressing inhibitory receptors @entity31792 , @entity9706 and @entity9707 were found in @entity75 . There was a significant positive correlation between the increased percentage of circulating @entity405 + @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, we demonstrated increased proportions of particular subsets of inhibitory @entity31792 + and/or @entity9706 / @entity9707 + T cells in @entity1 with @entity1569 . The elevation of these inhibitory NKR-expressing T cells was correlated with disease severity, which may signify the possibility of chronic antigen-driven stimulation and dysregulated cytokine production in the pathogenesis of @entity1569 .

title: Increased expression of the natural killer cell inhibitory receptor @entity9706 / @entity9707 and @entity31792 on circulating and lesional T cells in XXXX with @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Considerable evidence has recently been presented that suggests that @entity842 (NO) is a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter in gastrointestinal tissues. One of the criteria that must be satisfied before this hypothesis can be accepted is that enteric neurons must be shown to contain the enzymatic apparatus necessary to synthesize NO. Specific antibodies have been developed for NO synthase ( @entity24975 ) isolated from @entity35 cerebellum, and studies have shown that @entity24975 copurifies and colocalizes with @entity1110 diaphorase activity, a commonly used neural marker. We used antibodies raised against the cerebellar @entity24975 to determine the distribution of @entity24975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity24975 - @entity3162 ) in enteric neurons of the @entity235 proximal colon. We also tested whether @entity1110 diaphorase staining would label the population of neurons containing @entity24975 - @entity3162 in this species. A subpopulation of neurons in myenteric and submucosal ganglia displayed @entity24975 - @entity3162 and were colabeled with @entity1110 diaphorase. Labeled neurons had morphological characteristics similar to the Dogiel type I morphology. Cryostat sections showed @entity24975 -positive nerve trunks throughout the circular and @entity121 , but a high density of @entity24975 - @entity3162 was observed within the submucosal pacemaker region, as predicted from physiological studies. These studies provide the first morphological support for the hypothesis that NO serves as a NANC neurotransmitter in the @entity235 colon. The study also shows that the @entity1110 diaphorase reaction provides a useful method to label cells with @entity24975 - @entity3162 .

title: @entity1110 diaphorase and @entity842 synthase colocalization in enteric neurons of XXXX proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal muscle layers']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy is a fairly new technique that is becoming the standard of care for regional lymph node staging of many solid @entity5 . This technique is based on the hypothesis of stepwise distribution of malignant cells in the lymphatic system. The absence of @entity5 cells in the first lymph node(s) in the lymphatic drainage of a @entity5 would indicate the absence of further spread in the regional lymph node basin(s). Therefore, this first lymph node is the guardian (sentinel) of the regional lymph node basin. To localize the sentinel node preoperatively, lymphoscintigraphy is usually performed after intradermal peritumoral injections of colloid particles labeled with @entity1136 . The tracer is transported through the lymphatic channels to the first draining nodes in the groins and is visible on the lymphoscintigram as hot spots. The main advantage of @entity1600 biopsy in @entity5 is to decrease the treatment-related morbidity without compromising the survival benefit for the @entity1 . Recent figures indicate a false-negative rate of 7%, with a complication rate of less than 5% for @entity1600 biopsy. In conclusion, sentinel node biopsy of @entity1 with @entity5 has evolved into a highly reliable procedure enabling the detection of lymph node invasion at the earliest possible time with minimal morbidity. With this technology at hand, which minimizes the treatment-related morbidity, there is hardly any place for standard lymphadenectomy in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: XXXX biopsy in penile carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'penile cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['Sentinel lymph node']


abstract: We explored the effects of direct renal interstitial stimulation of @entity935 D(1)-like receptors with @entity18370 , a selective D(1)-like receptor agonist, on renal @entity1372 excretion and angiotensin type-2 ( @entity1129 (2)) receptor expression and cellular distribution in @entity35 on a high- @entity1372 intake. In contrast to vehicle-infused @entity35 , @entity1372 excretion increased in @entity18370 -infused @entity35 during each of three 1-hour experimental periods (<0.001). Blood pressure was unaffected by vehicle or @entity18370 . In plasma membranes of renal cortical cells, @entity18370 increased D(1) receptor expression by 38% (P<0.05) and @entity1129 (2) receptor expression by 69% (P<0.01). In plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells, @entity18370 increased @entity1129 (2) receptor expression by 108% (P<0.01). In outer apical membranes of proximal tubule cells, @entity18370 increased @entity1129 (2) receptor expression by 59% (P<0.01). No significant change in total @entity1129 (2) receptor protein expression was detectable in response to @entity18370 . @entity18370 -induced natriuresis was abolished when either @entity11083 , a specific @entity1129 (2) receptor antagonist, or @entity10095 , a potent D(1)-like receptor antagonist, was coinfused with F (P<0.001). In summary, direct renal D(1)-like receptor activation increased urinary @entity1372 excretion and the plasma membrane expression of @entity1129 (2) receptors in renal cortical and proximal tubule cells. D(1)-like receptor-induced natriuresis was abolished by intrarenal @entity1129 (2) receptor inhibition. These findings suggest that dopaminergic regulation of @entity1372 excretion involves recruitment of @entity1129 (2) receptors to the outer plasma membranes of renal proximal tubule cells and that @entity935 -induced natriuresis requires @entity1129 (2) receptor activation.

title: Intrarenal XXXX D1-like receptor stimulation induces natriuresis via an angiotensin type-2 receptor mechanism.

entities_list: @entity18370 :: ('MESH:D018818', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoldopam', 'fenoldopam']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: 1. 46 cases of @entity5968 have been studied: there were 36 males and 10 females, with an average age of 54.6 years. 19 @entity1 (group A) were treated medically, and 12 of these were followed up for more than 6 months (average follow-up period 45.1 months). 27 @entity1 (group B) underwent a coronary by-pass procedure: 22 of these were followed up for more than 6 months after surgery (average postoperative follow-up period 21.6 months). 2. One @entity1 from group A and two @entity1 from group B died, one of them from @entity177 . None of the three @entity204 could be attributed directly to the @entity453 . 2 @entity1 from group A and 5 @entity1 from group B had a @entity583 without fatal outcome. 5 of the 12 @entity1 in group A and 16 of the 22 @entity1 in group B were asymptomatic after more than 6 months of follow-up. 3. The treatment policy should take account: - of the prognosis of @entity5968 , which is on the whole better than that of an unstable @entity951 of the common type; - of an assessment of the risks in each individual case; these are increased when there is a combination of risk factors for @entity731 , and/or severe @entity943 with @entity1163 , and/or persistant electrical changes in the territory of the anterior descending artery, and/or coronary artery lesions involving two or three major vessels. 4. Surgery is used if there is a failure of treatment with beta-blockers, which are used under cover of a pacemaker when there is a paroxysmal block. If medical treatment is successful, surgery is indicated in high-risk cases.

title: [Discussion on therapeutic attitude in XXXX . Apropos of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ["Prinzmetal's angina"]

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity5968 :: (MESH:D000788,Disease) :: ['Prinzmetal's angina']


abstract: Inhibition of the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) exerts a renoprotective effect in adult @entity1 with @entity740 . We evaluated prospectively changes in blood pressure (BP), @entity644 and renal function after administration of the long-acting @entity1289 inhibitor @entity3372 as monotherapy during 6 months in 14 moderately @entity101 @entity1 aged 5-18 years with various @entity8 . Four @entity1 initially had a decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m2). BP was evaluated by ambulatory 24-h monitoring. After 2 weeks of treatment by oral @entity3372 (1.5 mg/m2 once daily), mean values of systolic and diastolic 24-h ambulatory BP fell by more than 5 mmHg in nine @entity1 . In eight @entity1 the dose was doubled. At the end of the study systolic BP was below the 95th percentile in 9 and diastolic BP in 13 @entity1 . The initially reduced nocturnal dip increased significantly. Of 11 @entity1 with an increased albumin excretion (median 1.3 g/g @entity1011 ), 6 responded to @entity3372 by a median reduction of 78% (range 24-83%), whilst in 5 @entity633 increased (median +19%). GFR was well preserved and no other adverse effects from the drug were noted. The study demonstrates that @entity3372 is an efficacious antihypertensive agent in @entity1 with renal @entity101 . It is well tolerated, even in mild @entity177 . In addition, the drug has a persistent antiproteinuric action in about half of the @entity1 contributing to conserve renal function.

title: Effect of XXXX on ambulatory blood pressure and @entity633 in renal @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['protein excretion']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3372 :: (MESH:D017257,Chemical) :: ['ramipril']


abstract: PURPOSE: While lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in @entity5 biology, the biological functions and prognostic values in nonmuscle invasive @entity150 remain largely unknown. We identified a lncRNA termed lncRNA-UNMIBC (up-regulated in nonmuscle invasive @entity150 ) and evaluated its prognostic value in @entity1 with primary nonmuscle invasive @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of lncRNA-UNMIBC in the tissues of 75 cases of primary nonmuscle invasive @entity150 and adjacent normal mucosa by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were compared with clinicopathological parameters using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The functions of lncRNA-UNMIBC were assessed by silencing the lncRNA in  vitro and in  vivo. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to assay whether lncRNA-UNMIBC could be physically associated with @entity16719 ( @entity16719 ) and @entity38612 ( @entity38612 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit), which are core components of PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2). Chromatin immunoprecipitation was done to examine histone modification status. RESULTS: The expression level of lncRNA-UNMIBC was up-regulated in the tissues of 45 cases of primary nonmuscle invasive @entity150 compared with normal mucosa. Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that lncRNA-UNMIBC expression was significantly associated with recurrence (log rank test p  =  0.0151). We also found that lncRNA-UNMIBC had a key role in G0/G1 arrest. Furthermore, RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that lncRNA-UNMIBC was physically associated with @entity16719 and @entity38612 , leading to an altered histone H3 @entity376 27 methylation status of target genes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that lncRNA-UNMIBC can facilitate @entity5 growth and may act as a negative prognostic factor of recurrence.

title: lncRNA Up-Regulated in Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder XXXX Growth and Acts as a Negative Prognostic Factor of Recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16719 :: ('2146', 'Gene') :: ['EZH2', 'enhancer of zeste homolog 2']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Facilitates Tumor']


abstract: A new type of peroxidase (" @entity1432 peroxidase"; @entity42084 ) having @entity462 as the primary site of catalysis has been discovered from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In addition to two @entity375 @entity42084 isoforms (TSA I and TSA II/AHPC1) previously described, three additional @entity42084 homologues were identified by analysis of the open reading frame data base for @entity375 . Three novel isoforms showed a distinct @entity1432 peroxidase activity supported by thioredoxin, and appeared to be distinctively localized in cytoplasm, mitochondria, and nucleus. Each isoform was named after its subcellular localization such as cytoplasmic @entity42084 I (cTPx I or @entity10319 I), cTPx II, cTPx III (TSA II/AHPC1), mitochondrial @entity42084 ( @entity42084 ), and nuclear @entity42084 (nTPx). Their transcriptional activities suggest that cTPx I and cTPx III are the most predominant isoforms among the five type isoforms. Transcriptional activities of @entity42084 isoenzymes during @entity375 life span were quite different from each other. Unlike other @entity42084 null mutants, cTPx I null mutant was hypersensitive to various oxidants except for @entity1978 . The null mutant was more resistant toward @entity1978 and acidic culture than its wild type. The severe @entity851 of cTPx II mutant resulted in accumulation of G(1)-phased cells. Based on kinetic properties of five isoforms, their subcellular localizations, and distinct physiology of each null mutant, we discussed the physiological functions of five types of @entity42084 isoenzymes in @entity375 throughout the full growth cycle.

title: Distinct physiological functions of XXXX peroxidase isoenzymes in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline N-oxide']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

answer: @entity1432 :: (CHEBI:29256,Chemical) :: ['thiol']


abstract: @entity31348 ( @entity31348 ) is a @entity358 characterized by deposits of @entity460 within the alveoli. Our aim was to emphasize the familial character and the clinical features of the disease, and to draw attention to the increasing number of Turkish @entity1 reported in the world. We detected 6 cases of @entity31348 . Three cases had been diagnosed 4 years earlier, and 3 new cases were detected during the screening of the family members. All @entity1 were male and the mean age was 11.5 ranging between 5 and 29 years. Five of the @entity1 were cousins and the other one was their uncle. Radiographic studies showed a sand-like appearance in all @entity1 . One case showed small @entity4530 and bronchiectatic changes in both lower lobes in recent high-resolution CT scans, while his CT performed 4 years ago showed only sand-like appearance. The cases were diagnosed with the demonstration of microliths by bronchoalveolar lavage in 5 @entity1 and transbronchial biopsy in 1. Recently reported cases from @entity233 have constituted a considerable percentage among all cases in the world. In conclusion, (1) our @entity1 constitute one of the largest series of cases reported in one family in the world. The disease seems to have familial and racial characteristics. The Turkish race has to be further investigated for genetic transmission. (2) Contrary to female predominance in previous reports, all 6 cases were male and 5 of them were below 12 years of age. (3) The disorder may show rapid progression in some cases probably due to the severity of the genetic disturbance.

title: XXXX : a rare familial inheritance with report of six cases in a family. Contribution of six new cases to the number of case reports in @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['subpleural bullae']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity31348 :: ('MESH:C562405', 'Disease') :: ['PAM', 'Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis']

answer: @entity31348 :: (MESH:C562405,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis']


abstract: The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the role of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for @entity8611 localization in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) prior to initial surgery. Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity459 , diagnosed in our institution within a period of 2 years, were referred for preoperative US and subsequently for bilateral surgical neck exploration. The combination of a confirmatory pathologic report and normalization of blood @entity460 concentration for a period of at least 3 months was considered an operative success. In 50 @entity1 (96.2%) a single @entity3243 was excised, and in one @entity1 (1.9%) hyperplasia of three glands was found at surgery. In the one surgical failure, no parathyroid pathology was identified in the neck; therefore the operative success in this series was 98%. The sensitivity of preoperative US was 83% with a specificity of 100%. In the absence of @entity1374 ( @entity66 ), the sensitivity of preoperative US increased to 90%, whereas in @entity1 with @entity66 the sensitivity was only 64%. Our findings support the notion that @entity1 with @entity459 should be investigated with US before initial surgery. Bilateral surgical exploration is warranted in @entity1 with @entity66 . In the absence of such thyroid pathology, an US finding positive for @entity652 should allow the surgeon to perform unilateral neck exploration only, with consequent reduction of operation time and @entity260 .

title: High-resolution ultrasonography: highly sensitive, specific technique for preoperative localization of @entity3243 in the absence of multinodular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid lesion']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid multinodular disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: Pharmacogenetic studies have shown that @entity74 in drug-metabolizing enzymes encoded by @entity5060 , @entity4433 genes and by the transporter @entity1262 gene can influence @entity3174 ( @entity461 ) plasma levels and @entity137 . The @entity1 reported here is a 2-year-old @entity1 with a medical history of cryptogenic (probably symptomatic) @entity302 , who had her first focal @entity410 with secondary generalization at 13 months of age. She initially received oral @entity1092 treatment and three months later, she was prescribed an oral @entity2051 treatment. At 20 months of age, she was admitted to the Emergency Department because of generalized @entity159 needing to be immediately treated with rectal @entity3175 (0.5   mg   kg(-1)), intravenous @entity3175 (0.3   mg   kg(-1)), and intravenous @entity3174 with an initial-loading dose of 15   mg   kg(-1). However, two hours after the initial-loading dose of @entity461 , the @entity1 developed @entity1296 , @entity346 , @entity2055 and excessive sedation. Other potential causes of @entity461 @entity137 were excluded such as drug interactions, decreased albumin or lab error. Therefore, to explain the @entity137 , @entity461 plasma levels and @entity5060 , @entity4433 and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Initial plasma @entity461 levels were higher than expected (69   mg   l(-1); normal range: 10-20   mg   l(-1)), and the @entity1 was homozygous for the @entity5060 *2 allele, heterozygous for the @entity4433 *4 allele and homozygous for the 3435C and 1236C @entity1262 alleles. Present findings support the previously established relationship between @entity5060 and @entity4433 genetic polymorphisms and the increased risk to develop @entity461 @entity137 owing to high plasma concentrations. Nevertheless, although the association of these genes with @entity461 -induced adverse effects has been well-documented in adult populations, this is the first report examining the influence of these genetic polymorphisms on @entity461 plasma levels and @entity137 in a pediatric @entity1 .

title: @entity137 after @entity3174 infusion in a pediatric XXXX with @entity302 : influence of @entity5060 , @entity4433 and @entity1262 genetic polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive Status Epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']