abstract: In February 2006, an outbreak of @entity4502 ( @entity4502 ) was identified in Beachlands, a small, isolated east Auckland suburb. It was investigated through case finding, a case-control study, sampling potential sources of @entity281 and by molecular typing (using sequence-based typing (SBT) of all @entity2114 serogroup 1 (Lp1) isolates). Lp1 was isolated from the respiratory tract of one case, the roof-collected rainwater systems of five households (three associated with cases) and from a water blaster at a nearby marina. All isolates were indistinguishable, exhibiting the same SBT allele pattern. Three @entity4502 cases lived within 500m of the water blaster (the fourth case within 1250m) and downwind in prevailing conditions. Another domestic roof-collected rainwater supply contaminated by Lp1 (identical SBT pattern) was incidentally identified in another suburb 4km east of Beachlands. This is the first outbreak of @entity4502 linked to roof-collected rainwater supplies and the first isolation of @entity2114 from these systems in New Zealand. Aerosols containing @entity2114 discharged to air by the marina water blaster may have infected some cases directly or may have seeded roof-collected rainwater systems. Some cases may have been exposed by contaminated bathroom showers. Roof-collected rainwater systems need appropriate design, careful cleaning and the maintenance of hot water temperatures at a minimum of 60 degrees C to reduce the chances of @entity2114 multiplying. Further research into the ecology of @entity2114 in roof-collected rain water systems is indicated.

title: A XXXX outbreak: a water blaster and roof-collected rainwater systems.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2114 :: ('446', 'Species') :: ['Legionella', 'Legionella pneumophila']

entities_list: @entity4502 :: ('MESH:D007877', 'Disease') :: ['LD', "Legionnaires' disease"]

answer: @entity4502 :: (MESH:D007877,Disease) :: ['Legionnaires' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are important treatment and prognostic implications in distinguishing between organ-confined @entity263 that has spread locally outside the capsule and that which has spread into the seminal vesicles. This study is the first Australian study to report local accuracy for the locoregional staging of @entity263 with endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: From July 2002 to December 2005, 129 @entity1 were referred for endorectal MRI for all indications. Inclusion criteria were biopsy-proven @entity263 , minimum 4 weeks from previous biopsy and radical retropubic prostatectomy within 12 months of MRI. This yielded 47 @entity1 . Those with prior hormonal and neoadjuvant radiotherapy or significant postbiopsy @entity548 were excluded. In addition, those @entity1 examined with our alternate-contrast-enhanced protocol were also excluded. A total of 38 @entity1 met all inclusion criteria. A General Electric 1.5-T whole-body MR imaging unit with an endorectal coil was used with interpretation by two genito-urinary MR radiologists. Final histopathological report was used for correlation. RESULTS: Median age was 60 years with a range 44-72 years. Median prostate-specific antigen was 6.3 with a range of 2-82, and median Gleason score was 6 with a range of 5-8. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion were 69, 82 and 76% and 60, 100 and 95%, respectively. For extraprostatic extension, 71, 86 and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Staging accuracy is similar to internationally published standards. Improvements in hardware and software and increased reader experience will add value to the local Australian prostate imaging programme.

title: Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Soluble factors released from platelets can modulate the immune response of leukocytes. We and others have recently found that T lymphocytes with bound platelets have reduced proliferation and @entity379 and @entity4155 production. Thus, we speculate that if we induce the binding of platelets to lymphocytes, we will be able to regulate the inflammatory response. When we cocultured platelets with lymphocytes at different ratios, we were able to increase the percentage of lymphocytes with bound platelets. The coculture of platelets with lymphocytes in the presence of stimulation decreased the production of @entity379 and @entity310 , T cell proliferation, and the expression of @entity2902 , @entity4634 , and @entity804 . However, this coculture increased @entity13796 expression. All of these effects were dependent on the dose of platelets and operated indistinctly with platelets from different healthy donors. When platelets were cocultured in the same compartment with lymphocytes, we observed less @entity379 and @entity310 production and T lymphocyte proliferation than in cultures with platelets separated from lymphocytes by a 0.4- m pore size filter. The binding of platelets to lymphocytes was blocked with anti- @entity8729 Abs, and when this occurred we observed higher @entity379 and @entity310 production than in nonblocked conditions. The cocultures of platelets with synovial fluid cells from @entity309 @entity1 reduced inflammatory cytokine production and increased @entity688 production. These results suggest that platelet binding to lymphocytes effectively regulates T lymphocyte function. This mechanism could be easily applied to reduce inflammatory responses.

title: Binding of Platelets to Lymphocytes: A Potential Anti-Inflammatory Therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify @entity1 with @entity995 whose conditions were diagnosed at the age of 1 month or younger and to describe their clinical features (including ocular and @entity1 survival) and the development of second @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 1831 @entity1 . The cumulative incidence of second @entity5 development was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were identified as having a diagnosis of @entity995 at the age of 1 month or younger (mean age, 18.5 days). Family history (31 @entity1 [67%]) exceeded leukocoria (6 @entity1 [13%]) as the most common reason for detection. Twenty-six (56%) of the 46 @entity1 were seen with @entity995 , with 22 ultimately developing @entity2093 . At the initial diagnosis, 81 (85%) of the 95 @entity5 were detected in zones 1 and 2. Eighty-two (93%) of the 88 subsequent @entity5 were located in zones 2 and 3. In the 26 @entity1 who had @entity995 , 16 of the initially affected eyes and 21 of the fellow eyes were salvaged. In the 19 (44%) of 20 @entity1 who were seen initially with @entity995 , 31 (82%) of the 38 eyes were salvaged. The mean follow-up was 10.9 years. The incidence of second @entity5 reached 54% by 23.7 years for the @entity1 who received radiation therapy, while the incidence was 0% for the @entity1 who did not. Four (8.7%) of the 46 @entity1 developed @entity3 and died; 3 of these @entity1 had documented metastases in the first month of life (one at birth). CONCLUSIONS: The most common manifesting sign of @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity995 in the first month of life is family history. Eyes with Reese-Ellsworth group I @entity995 were the most common. In @entity1 with @entity995 , new (subsequent) @entity5 developed in a centrifugal pattern. Despite an early diagnosis, @entity1 ' eyes came to enucleation, and @entity3 and @entity204 occurred from ocular metastases. In @entity1 who received radiation therapy, the probability of developing second @entity5 is 54% by 23.7 years; no second @entity5 developed in @entity1 who did not receive radiation therapy.

title: (Neonatal) XXXX in the first month of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonocular cancers', 'tumors', 'nonocular cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'nonocular tumors', 'ocular tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['cancer in the fellow eye']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral retinoblastomas', 'bilateral and unilateral retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastomas', 'unilateral retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity1 with moderate or great defect complexity are at risk for @entity204 . Although early engagement in @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) is recommended, previous research suggests that it seldom occurs. METHODS: This study investigated @entity299 @entity1 preferences for @entity1442 and factors that impact preferences. @entity299 @entity1 completed an @entity1442 preferences questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale and a measure of attachment styles. RESULTS: Of 152 @entity299 @entity1 (median age 33years, 50% female), 13% reported previous @entity1442 discussions with providers and 21% had completed advance directives. On a 0-10 scale, the median rating for the importance of discussing @entity1442 with providers was 7; 18years was identified as the most appropriate age to initiate this dialogue. Higher ratings for the importance of discussing @entity1442 with providers was observed in @entity1 who were female (p=0.03), had @entity66 (p=0.03), and had elevated @entity148 (p=0.001); elevated @entity148 remained significant in a multivariable model. Interest in receiving information about life expectancy (61% overall) was greater among @entity1 with @entity66 (p=0.04) and a history of >= 2 cardiac surgeries (p=0.01); disease complexity remained significant in a multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS: As a group, @entity299 @entity1 value the opportunity for @entity1442 discussions and prefer earlier communication. Although some clinicians might avoid @entity1442 discussions in @entity1 who are generally more anxious or have less complex CHD, such avoidance does not appear to be warranted.

title: Advance Care Planning in Adults with @entity299 : A XXXX Priority.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['lower disease complexity']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advance care planning', 'ACP']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Adult congenital heart disease', 'ACHD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Participation in external quality assessment (EQA) is a key element of quality assurance in medical laboratories. In genetics EQA, both genotyping and interpretation are assessed. We aimed to analyse changes in the completeness of interpretation in clinical laboratory reports of the @entity1577 and to investigate the effect of the number of previous participations, laboratory accreditation/certification status, setting and test volume. We distributed similar versions of mock clinical cases to eliminate the influence of the difficulty of the clinical question on interpretation performance: a @entity1577 @entity1 (case 1) and a @entity1577 carrier (case 2). We then performed a retrospective longitudinal study of reports over a 6-year period from 298 @entity1 for case 1 (2004, 2008, 2009) and from 263 @entity1 for case 2 (2006, 2008, 2009). The number of previous participations had a positive effect on the interpretation score (P<0.0001), whereas the laboratory accreditation/certification status, setting and test volume had no effect. Completeness of interpretation improved over time. The presence of the interpretation element 'requirement for studying the parents to qualify the genotype' increased most (from 49% in 2004 to 93% in 2009). We still observed room for improvement for elements that concerned offering testing for familial mutations in relatives and prenatal/preimplantation diagnosis (16% and 24% omission, respectively, for case 1 in 2009). Overall, regular participation in external quality assessment contributes to improved interpretation in reports, with potential value for quality of care for @entity1 and families by healthcare professionals involved in genetic testing.

title: Improvement of interpretation in XXXX clinical laboratory reports: longitudinal analysis of external quality assessment data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['European cystic fibrosis EQA scheme', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pelvic exenteration is one of the most destructive gynecologic operations performed on an elective basis, with consequent detrimental effects on the quality of life. The use of reconstructive surgery has significantly improved the quality of life of @entity1 undergoing this type of procedure. In this paper we review our experience with continent urinary diversion (Miami Pouch) and low colorectal @entity254 at the Division of Gynecologic Oncology of the University of Miami. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent creation of the continent urinary diversion Miami Pouch from 1988 to 1997 and supralevator pelvic exenteration with low colorectal resection and primary @entity254 from 1990 to 1997 have been included in this study. Management of complications, with particular emphasis on the conservative treatment, has been reviewed in detail for each @entity1 . Open surgery and conservative treatment have been compared. Analysis of complications in irradiated and nonirradiated @entity1 was performed. RESULTS: 77 @entity1 who underwent creation of the Miami Pouch entered this study. Forty @entity1 underwent total pelvic exenteration, and 37 @entity1 underwent posterior exenteration. The most common urinary complications were @entity1901 /obstruction (22.1%), difficult catheterisation (19.5%) and @entity2885 (16.9%). Conservative management strategies were successfully used in 80% of the complications. Analysis of breakdown and @entity292 formation after low colorectal @entity254 was performed on 77 @entity1 . Thirty-five percent of the irradiated @entity1 developed @entity292 , while the occurrence of this type of complications was only 7.5% in the nonirradiated group. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstructive procedures after pelvic exenteration present a significant risk of complications, especially in irradiated @entity1 . Most of the complications related to the creation of continent urinary diversion can safely be treated conservatively. @entity14 carries an acceptable risk of complications in nonirradiated @entity1 , but the risk in irradiated @entity1 is very high, therefore, detailed @entity1 selection and extensive counselling in these groups of @entity1 is mandatory.

title: Continent urinary diversion and low colorectal XXXX after pelvic exenteration. Quality of life and complication risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stricture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'anastomotic breakdown or fistulas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Low colorectal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of epidural needle design, angle, and bevel orientation on @entity5173 after puncture have not been reported. The impact of these factors on leak rate was examined using a dural sac model. Dural @entity130 was examined using scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: @entity1 cadaveric dura, mounted on a cylindrical model, was punctured with epidural needles using a micromanipulator. Tissue was punctured at 15 cm @entity2507 (left lateral decubitus) system pressure, and leak was measured at 25 cm @entity2507 (semisitting) pressure. Leak rates and @entity130 were compared for the following: (1) six different epidural needles at 90 degrees, bevel parallel to the dural long axis; (2) 18-gauge Tuohy and 18-gauge Special Sprotte epidural needles, 30 degrees versus 90 degrees; (3) 18-gauge Tuohy, bevel perpendicular versus parallel to the dural long axis. RESULTS: With the 90 degrees puncture, bevel parallel, the greatest leak occurred with a 17-gauge Hustead (516 +/- 319 ml/15 min), and the smallest leak occurred with a 20-gauge Tuohy (100 +/- 112 ml/15 min; P = 0.0018). A 20-gauge Tuohy puncture led to statistically significant reductions in leak (P value range, 0.0001-0.0024) compared with all needles except the Special Sprotte. With the 30 degrees versus 90 degrees angle, 30 degrees punctures with an 18-gauge Tuohy produced nonstatistically significant leak reductions compared with the 18-gauge Tuohy at 90 degrees. The puncture angle made no difference for the Special Sprotte. Nonsignificant reductions were found for the Special Sprotte compared with the Tuohy. With the 18-gauge Tuohy bevel orientation, perpendicular orientation produced nonstatistically significant reductions in leak compared with parallel orientation. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrospinal fluid leak after puncture was influenced most by epidural needle gauge. Leak rate was significantly less for the 20-gauge Tuohy needle.

title: Dural tissue XXXX and @entity5173 after epidural needle puncture: effect of needle design, angle, and bevel orientation.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: SUMMARY: We compared the calibration of FRAX tools from Canada, the US (white), UK, Sweden, France, Australia, New Zealand, and China when used to assess @entity174 risk in 36,730 Canadian @entity1 . Our data underscores the importance of applying country-specific FRAX tools that are based upon high-quality national @entity174 epidemiology. PURPOSE: A FRAX   model for Canada was constructed for prediction of @entity173 and @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) using national @entity173 and mortality data. We examined the calibration of this model in Canadian @entity1 and compared it with seven other FRAX tools. METHODS: In @entity1 aged >= 50 years with baseline @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measures identified from the Manitoba Bone Density Program, Canada (n = 36,730), 10-year @entity174 probabilities were calculated with and without @entity79 using selected country-specific FRAX tools. FRAX risk estimates were compared with observed @entity174  <=10 years (506 hip, 2,380 @entity3604 ). Ten-year @entity174 risk was compared with predicted probabilities, and proportions exceeding specific treatment thresholds contrasted. RESULTS: For @entity173 prediction, good calibration was observed for FRAX Canada and most other country-specific FRAX tools, excepting Sweden (risk overestimated) and China (risk underestimated). For @entity3604 prediction, greater between-country differences were seen; FRAX Sweden and FRAX China showed the largest over- and underestimation in this Canadian population. Relative to treatment qualification based upon FRAX Canada, treatment of high- @entity173 probability (>= 3%) was greater by FRAX Sweden (ratio 1.41 without and 1.55 with @entity79 ), and markedly less by FRAX China (ratio 0.09 without and 0.11 with @entity79 ). Greater between-country differences were observed for treatment of high @entity3604 (>= 20%); FRAX Sweden again greatly increased (ratio 1.76 without and 1.83 with @entity79 ), and FRAX China severely reduced treatment qualification (ratio 0.00 without and 0.01 with @entity79 ). CONCLUSIONS: The use of country-specific FRAX tools, accurately calibrated to the target population, is essential. Relatively small calibration differences can have large effects on high-risk categorization and treatment qualification.

title: Direct comparison of eight national FRAX   tools for XXXX prediction and treatment qualification in Canadian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['major osteoporotic fracture', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Recent developments in @entity1860 research are illustrated by the results of one large randomized multicenter study carried out by the German @entity1860 Study Group. From July 1983 to January 1991, a total of 703 @entity1860 @entity1 were recruited; 624 @entity1 were randomized to compare @entity1862 and interferon alpha (IFN) with @entity1863 . The median survival of Ph+ @entity1 by now is 3.95 years, that of Ph- @entity1 1.1 years. Some difference in survival is recognizable between the treatment arms, but this is not yet significant. Fewer adverse effects are being observed in the @entity1862 group. Ph-negative @entity1 tend to have lower white blood cell and platelet counts. @entity1 (164) were randomized to receive IFN. In 50 @entity1 (30%) IFN had to be terminated because of adverse effects, therapy resistance, or other reasons. Reduction of the Ph-chromosome was observed in 20% of evaluable @entity1 . In 3 @entity1 complete cytogenetic remissions were observed. Clinically relevant neutralizing antibodies were detected in 9 cases. Prospectively evaluated age, organomegaly related symptoms, Karnofsky index, extramedullary manifestations, erythroblasts, and percent of circulating blasts proved to be of prognostic significance. A prognostic score (score 1) was determined and compared to Sokal's score. It is expected that the study results will allow statements as to the advantages or disadvantages of the use of @entity1863 , @entity1862 and IFN in the treatment of @entity1860 as well as to the reliability of prognostic markers.

title: XXXX : recent developments in prognostic evaluation and chemotherapy. The German @entity1860 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['Chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that bind to 3'-untranslated (UTR) regions of target messenger RNAs to regulate protein synthesis. Reports have suggested that a set of specific miRNAs may be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers for @entity816 grading. However, there are few studies of the specific miRNAs differentially expressed in each @entity816 grade. MiRNA-containing total RNA was isolated from archived @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded (FFPE) samples from WHO grade II-IV @entity816 @entity1 . The RNA was labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix miRNA 2.0 arrays. Statistical analysis identified several miRNAs differentially expressed in each @entity816 grade. In particular, @entity4449 , @entity10018 , and miR-1225-5p expression levels were able to differentiate grade IV from grade II and III @entity816 as confirmed by real-time PCR. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that disease progression occurred faster for @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 with a lower @entity4449 expression level. Transfection of @entity18204 -1690 @entity463 @entity1 @entity5 cells with a @entity4449 oligonucleotide inhibitor followed by Real-time PCR identified six potential @entity4449 target genes. Furthermore, the @entity4449 oligonucleotide inhibitor induced @entity18204 -1690 cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results provide additional miRNA signatures for distinguishing @entity463 from lower @entity816 grades and suggest @entity4449 as a prognostic and therapeutic target for @entity463 .

title: MicroRNA-27a distinguishes XXXX multiforme from diffuse and @entity816 and has prognostic value.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma Multiforme']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: We investigated the adipogenic activity of cultured @entity1 periosteal-derived cells and studied @entity5601 ( @entity5601 ) ligand-mediated differentiation of cultured @entity1 periosteal-derived cells into osteoblasts. Periosteal-derived cells expressed adipogenic markers, including @entity6863 ( @entity6863 ), C/EBP-  , aP2, leptin, LPL, and PPARy. Lipid vesicles were formed in the cytoplasm of periosteal-derived cells. Thus, periosteal-derived cells have potential adipogenic activity. The @entity5601 and PPARy agonists, @entity21372 and @entity12098 , respectively, did not modulate @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity in periosteal-derived cells during induced osteoblastic differentiation, however, the @entity5601 and PPARy antagonists, @entity33643 and @entity33642 , respectively, both decreased @entity623 activity in these cells. @entity21372 did not affect, whereas @entity12098 enhanced, @entity622 red-positive mineralization and @entity460 content in the periosteal-derived cells. @entity33643 and @entity33642 both decreased mineralization and @entity460 content. By RT-PCR, @entity12098 significantly increased @entity623 expression in periosteal-derived cells between culture day 3 and 2 weeks. @entity12098 increased @entity8087 expression after 3 days, which declined thereafter, but did not alter osteocalcin expression. Both of @entity33643 and @entity33642 decreased @entity623 mRNA expression. These results suggest that @entity12098 enhances osteoblastic differentiation of periosteal-derived cells by increasing @entity8087 and @entity623 mRNA expression, and increasing mineralization. @entity33643 and @entity33642 inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of the periosteal-derived cells by decreasing @entity623 expression and mineralization in the periosteal-derived cells. In conclusion, although further study will be needed to clarify the mechanisms of @entity5601 -regulated osteogenesis, our results suggest that PPARy agonist stimulates osteoblastic differentiation of cultured @entity1 periosteal-derived cells and @entity5601 and PPARy antagonists inhibit osteoblastic differentiation in these cells.

title: Cultured @entity1 periosteal-derived cells have inducible adipogenic activity and can also differentiate into osteoblasts in a XXXX -mediated fashion.

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5601 :: ('5465', 'Gene') :: ['PPARa', 'PPAR', 'perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

entities_list: @entity6863 :: ('1050', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a', 'C/EBP- a']

answer: @entity5601 :: (5465,Gene) :: ['perioxisome proliferator-activated receptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognostic significance of @entity876 mutations and overexpression in advanced epithelial @entity43 was examined in @entity5 from 125 @entity1 participating in a Gynecologic Oncology Group randomized phase III treatment protocol. @entity1 AND METHODS: Mutational analysis of @entity876 was performed in RNA or genomic DNA extracted from frozen @entity5 . An immunohistochemistry assay was used to detect @entity876 overexpression in fixed @entity5 . RESULTS: There were 81 @entity1 (74%) with a single mutation, three @entity1 (3%) with two mutations, and 25 @entity1 (23%) lacking a mutation in exons 2 to 11 of @entity876 . Although most mutations occurred within exons 5 to 8, mutations outside this region were observed in 11% of @entity1 . A mutation in exons 2 to 11 of @entity876 was associated with a short-term improvement in overall survival and progression-free survival. Adjusted @entity797 modeling demonstrated a 70% reduction in risk of @entity204 (P =.014) and a 60% reduction in risk of disease progression (P =.014) for @entity1 with such mutations. However, these striking risk reductions increased over time (P <.02) and eventually disappeared with longer follow-up. Overexpression of @entity876 was observed in 55 @entity1 (100%) with only missense mutation(s), seven @entity1 (32%) with truncation mutations, and eight @entity1 (40%) lacking a mutation in exons 2 to 11. Overexpression of @entity876 was associated with @entity5 grade but not with @entity1 outcome. CONCLUSION: Alterations in @entity876 are a common event in @entity43 . A mutation in @entity876 , but not overexpression of @entity876 , is associated with a short-term survival benefit. Additional studies are required to define the roles that @entity876 plays in regulating therapeutic responsiveness and @entity1 outcome.

title: Prognostic significance of XXXX mutation and @entity876 overexpression in @entity43 : a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) allows the delivery of higher and more homogeneous radiation dose to @entity135 . This study aims to determine the safety of dose-escalated chemo-IMRT for larynx preservation in locally advanced @entity135 . METHODS: @entity1 with T2-4, N1-3, M0 @entity957 of the larynx or hypopharynx were treated with a simultaneous-boost IMRT. Two radiation dose levels (DL) were tested: In @entity15974 , 63 Gy/28F was delivered to primary @entity5 and involved nodes and 51.8 Gy/28F to elective nodes. In DL 2, the doses were 67.2 Gy/28F and 56 Gy/28F, respectively, representing a 9% dose escalation for the primary. All @entity1 received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant @entity900 and @entity1487 , and concomitant @entity900 . Acute (NCICTCv.2.0) and late @entity137 (RTOG and modified LENTSOM) were collected. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were entered, 15 in each dose level. All @entity1 completed the treatment schedule. In @entity15974 , the incidences of acute G3 @entity137 were 27% ( @entity158 ), 20% ( @entity20787 ), 0% ( @entity2133 ) and 67% required @entity5274 . For DL 2 the corresponding incidences were 40%, 20%, 7%, and 87%. G3 @entity1282 and @entity158 persisted longer in DL 2. With regard to @entity33 , a prolonged healing time for DL 2 was found, with prevalence of G2 of 58% in week 10. No acute grade 4 @entity137 was observed. At 6 months, 1 @entity1 in DL 2 had G3 late @entity137 ( @entity1282 ). No dose limiting @entity137 was found. Complete response rates were 80% in @entity15974 , and 87% in DL 2. CONCLUSION: Moderately accelerated chemo-IMRT is safe and feasible with good compliance and acceptable acute @entity137 . Dose escalation was possible without a significant difference in acute @entity137 . Longer follow-up is required to determine the incidence of late radiation @entity137 , and @entity5 control rates.

title: A phase I study of dose-escalated chemoradiation with accelerated intensity modulated radiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tubes']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiation dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This is a double-blind crossover case study series. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of @entity4589 ( @entity4589 ) as an effective intervention to improve lung function and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in cervical @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 . SETTING: This study was conducted in Australia. METHODS: Three adults ( @entity9509 , AIS A-C) participated in this study. They trained with an @entity4589 device (active or sham) for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks of rest, and then trained with the alternate device for 4 weeks. @entity4589 occurred twice daily, 5 days a week, and it consisted of three sets of 12 inspirations and three sets of 12 expirations. Training intensity commenced at 30% @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and 30% maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), which was increased every second day by 10%. Spirometry, @entity551 , MEP, polysomnography and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were measured before and after every 4 weeks of training. RESULTS: After active @entity4589 , vital capacity and inspiratory capacity improved from baseline in all @entity1 (by 44%, 60% and 18% and by 18%, 46% and 5%, respectively); @entity551 improved by 40 and 17% from baseline in two subjects; and MEP improved in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity27 , and after active training their obstructive apnoea-hypopnoea index improved from 30 to 21events per hour and from 72 to 18 events per hour, and ESS marginally improved. Sham @entity4589 resulted in minimal changes in all measures. CONCLUSION: @entity4589 is feasible and likely effective to increase respiratory muscle strength, to improve lung function, and to reduce the severity of @entity27 and sleepiness in @entity1 with cervical @entity1566 . A randomised controlled trial is planned to validate these findings and to examine respiratory-related morbidity and quality of life.

title: Respiratory muscle training may improve respiratory function and @entity27 in @entity1 with cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory muscle training', 'RMT']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['maximal inspiratory pressure', 'MIP']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 26 @entity1 with @entity179 treated with corrective osteotomy. OBJECTIVE: To analyze dynamic sagittal imbalance and to elucidate the cause of postoperative persistent stooping in @entity179 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Sagittal spinal imbalance in @entity179 was more evident on walking, suggesting its dynamic nature. The most puzzling complication in its surgical treatment was postoperative persistent stooping. METHODS: This study analyzed 26 surgically treated @entity1 with preoperative gait analysis. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to postoperative improvement in stooping: Group 1 with marked improvement in stooping and Group 2 with persistent stooping. Various radiographic and gait parameters were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Comparison of radiographic parameters, representing the static status of the spine, did not indicate any clue to the mechanism for persistent stooping. However, comparison of gait parameters, representing the dynamic status of the spine, revealed meaningful differences between the two groups. Among various gait parameters compared, pelvic tilt seemed to be the most important clue. @entity1 in Group 1 showed posterior pelvic tilt, whereas those in Group 2 showed marked anterior pelvic tilt. CONCLUSION: @entity179 could be classified into two types based on pelvic position during walking: one with posterior pelvic tilt and the other with marked anterior pelvic tilt. In the former type, corrective surgery improved the stooping. In the latter, corrective surgery was ineffective, resulting in postoperative persistent stooping.

title: Dynamic sagittal imbalance of the spine in XXXX : significance of pelvic tilt in surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative flat back', 'Degenerative flat back']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative flat back']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3332 can occur after external beam radiation therapy for @entity5 . Treatment for this complication has traditionally involved surgery. METHODS: A new technique to reestablish luminal patency is described. This minimally invasive technique involves retrograde endoscopy by means of @entity5274 tract and puncture of the stenotic occlusion followed by @entity384 . The procedure is performed under combined endoscopic and laryngoscopic guidance. RESULTS: Five consecutive @entity1 who had complete esophageal stenoses develop after radiation therapy for malignant disease underwent retrograde endoscopy by way of @entity5274 tracts. Stenoses were punctured under endoscopic and laryngoscopic guidance with guide wires. Strictures were dilated with wire-guided balloons or @entity9031 dilators. Luminal patency was established in all @entity1 using this technique without procedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic retrograde puncture and dilatation of total esophageal stenoses is safe, effective, and useful to reestablish luminal patency for radiation-induced strictures. This technique should be attempted before more invasive treatments.

title: Technique of endoscopic retrograde puncture and dilatation of XXXX in @entity1 with radiation-induced strictures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['Complete esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['stricture dilatation']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity9031 :: ('MESH:D011145', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl']

answer: @entity3332 :: (MESH:D004940,Disease) :: ['total esophageal stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Disturbed maternal endothelial function is believed to be central in the pathogenesis of @entity1468 and has been observed to persist for several years following the preeclamptic pregnancy. @entity409 has been reported to cause increased pulse wave reflection, a measure of systemic arterial stiffness. This study tested the hypothesis that @entity1468 and a history of @entity1468 are associated with increased pulse wave reflection. DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a cross-sectional case-control study of 26 pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 , 26 pregnant controls, 22 normotensive nonpregnant previously preeclamptic @entity1 , and 22 nonpregnant controls. Pulse wave reflection was assessed by applanation tonometry on the radial artery. RESULTS: Pregnant preeclamptic @entity1 had a significantly higher heart rate-adjusted augmentation index than did pregnant controls (23 +/- 1 vs. 8 +/- 1%, P < 0.001). The augmentation index of @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 was similar to that of the nonpregnant controls (9 +/- 2 vs. 9 +/- 2%, P = 0.78). In a multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = 0.76) the augmentation index of pregnant @entity1 was independently associated with a diagnosis of @entity1468 (P < 0.001) and heart rate (P < 0.001), but not with mean arterial blood pressure (P = 0.59). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that pulse wave reflection and, thus, systemic arterial stiffness are increased in pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 , but not in normotensive nonpregnant @entity1 with a history of @entity1468 . The results support the concept of generalized @entity455 in @entity1468 .

title: Pulse wave reflection in currently and previously preeclamptic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The increasing use of mobile phone technology over the last decade raises concerns about the impact of high frequency @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) on health. More recently, a link between @entity2194 , @entity68 overload in the @entity179 including @entity191 and @entity195 has been suggested. Co-exposure to @entity2194 and brain @entity68 overload may have a greater impact on brain tissues and cognitive processes than each treatment by itself. To examine this hypothesis, Long-Evans @entity35 submitted to 900 MHz exposure or combined 900 MHz @entity2194 and @entity68 overload treatments were tested in various spatial learning tasks (navigation task in the Morris water maze, working memory task in the radial-arm maze, and object exploration task involving spatial and non spatial processing). Biogenic @entity1154 and metabolites ( @entity935 , @entity750 ) and oxidative stress were measured. @entity35 exposed to @entity2194 were impaired in the object exploration task but not in the navigation and working memory tasks. They also showed alterations of @entity1154 content in several brain areas but mainly in the hippocampus. @entity35 that received combined treatment did not show greater behavioral and neurochemical deficits than @entity2194 -exposed @entity35 . None of the two treatments produced global oxidative stress. These results show that there is an impact of @entity2194 on the brain and cognitive processes but this impact is revealed only in a task exploiting spontaneous exploratory activity. In contrast, there are no synergistic effects between @entity2194 and a high content of @entity68 in the brain.

title: Spatial learning, @entity1154 and oxidative stress in @entity35 exposed to 900 MHz electromagnetic field in combination with XXXX overload.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['EMF', 'electromagnetic fields']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['brain and neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines', 'monoamine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autoimmune @entity409 may be associated with extrahepatic autoimmune pathology. We report the case of a 52-year old @entity1 who initially presented to the gastroenterology department for extreme fatigue, pale stools, dark urine and @entity111 . Laboratory tests showed significant @entity1448 and elevation of aminotransferase levels. Immunological tests revealed positive antinuclear (ANA=1:320) and antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA=1:40) with negative anti-smooth muscle and liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibodies. The biopsy was compatible with overlap syndrome type 1. The @entity1 was commenced on immunosuppressive therapy according to standard of care (azathioprine 50mg, ursodeoxycholic acid and prednisone 0.5mg/kg), with moderate biochemical improvement. She subsequently developed proximal symmetrical weakness and cutaneous involvement and was diagnosed with biopsy-proven @entity6017 . The immunosuppressive regimen was intensified to 150 mg azathioprine. At the three-month follow-up, her symptoms subsided and aminotransferases and muscle enzymes normalized. Upon further investigation the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1669 and @entity1701 . To our knowledge, this is the first case of @entity2835 - @entity775 associated with @entity6017 , @entity1669 and @entity1701 .

title: @entity2835 - XXXX associated with @entity6017 , @entity1669 and @entity1701 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigates the effect of corrugator superciliaris muscle excision on @entity1 with frequent @entity2701 or chronic @entity2704 emanating from the glabellar or frontal regions. METHODS: We present a prospective study of 12 @entity1 with chronic and frequent @entity2701 and/or @entity2704 . @entity1 who had already elected to undergo corrugator excision for cosmesis (n = 64) were given questionnaires to evaluate for the presence of chronic, recurrent @entity2704 . @entity1 who answered in the affirmative went on to answer questions such as onset, location, frequency, severity, and duration of their @entity10 . @entity1 were grouped by types of @entity10 : @entity2701 , @entity2704 , and combined @entity10 . Twelve @entity1 who met all criteria were entered into the study and underwent corrugator excision in combination with blepharoplasty. Postoperative questionnaires and interviews were administered to evaluate the response of the @entity1 ' @entity10 to corrugator excision. RESULTS: All 12 @entity1 had less frequent @entity10 and said they would have the procedure performed again for @entity10 . Eleven of 12 @entity1 (92%) had less intense @entity10 after corrugator superciliaris excision. Overall, 58% noted complete relief of their @entity10 . Follow-up ranged from 6 to 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Corrugator superciliaris muscle excision provides significant relief for @entity10 emanating from or localizing to the frontal and glabellar regions. Although improvement of @entity2704 has been previously described with this technique, this is the first report, to our knowledge, of effective surgical treatment of @entity2701 @entity10 by corrugator excision.

title: Corrugator superciliaris muscle excision for @entity2701 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'migraine and/or tension headaches', 'migraine headaches']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine headaches']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome and postoperative reaction of dural substitute (Neuropatch) applying in the treatment of @entity1645 (CMI) associated with @entity1644 (SM). METHODS: Forty @entity1 of CMI associated with SM were operated in our department from Jul. 2002 to Jul. 2004. All @entity1 underwent posterior cranial fossa decompression and duraplasty. They were divided into two groups, 20 @entity1 being repaired with Neuropatch (Neuropatch group), and the others with autologous fascia lata (fascia group). There were 6 males and 14 females in Neuropatch group and 10 males and 10 females in fascia group. The operations were performed under general anesthesia via suboccipital approach and the extent of posterior cranial fossa decompression ranged from 20 cm(2) (5 cmx4 cm) to 35 cm(2) (5 cmx7 cm). The removal of posterior arch of atlas depended on the extent of @entity3976 was opened in Y shape. The Neuropatch was cut into triangular shape, and the same sized autologous fascia lata was used in fascia group. The patches were sutured tightly to the dura matter in each group. The incision was closed layer by layer and drainage was used, if necessary. Antibiotics and hormone were routinely used. The duration of operation, @entity86 were evaluated, the outcome of the operation was evaluated by Tator scale, and the data were analyzed with statistic software SPSS 10.0. RESULTS: There were12 @entity1 (60%) who suffered from @entity86 in the Neuropatch group, and 9 @entity1 (45%) in the fascia group(chi(2)=0.902,P=0.342). Seventeen @entity1 in each group were improved postoperatively. The duration of operation, @entity86 and antibiotics used were compared between the two groups. No significant difference was found, but the duration of @entity86 and the time of hormone used were different. There were no postoperative infections that occurred after the follow up for 1 to 2 years, except for one @entity1 in fascia group who developed @entity281 and recovered later by treatment. CONCLUSION: Neuropatch is a useful dural substitute for the repair of dural defects in the treatment of CMI associated with @entity1644 .

title: [Duraplasty with Neuropatch versus autologous fascia lata for XXXX with @entity1644 : a comparative study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar herniation, and the dura']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective granuloma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of treatment with a St. John's wort product (Movina) on @entity165 [total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 ] and @entity412 levels in @entity1 with @entity1007 on treatment with a stable dose of @entity2993 in a controlled, randomised, open, crossover interaction study. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity1007 treated with a stable dose of @entity2993 (10-40 mg/daily) for at least 3 months were treated with Movina one tablet (containing 300 mg of hypericum perforatum) twice daily and control (a commercially available multivitamin tablet Vitamineral). After a run-in period of 4 weeks, @entity1 were randomised to treatment with either Movina or control for 4 weeks in a crossover design. The @entity2993 dose was kept unchanged during the study period (12 weeks), and assessments of total @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , LDL @entity165 and @entity1674 were performed in the morning with the @entity1 in the fasting condition. The difference between control and active treatment in LDL @entity165 after 4 weeks of treatment was the primary endpoint. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. The St. John's wort product significantly increased the serum level of LDL @entity165 compared with control (2.66 mmol/l compared with 2.34 mmol/l, p = 0.004). A significant increase in total @entity165 was also observed (5,10 mmol/l compared with 4.78 mmol/l, p = 0.02). No statistically significant change was observed in HDL @entity165 (1.59 mmol/l and 1.56 mmol/l, p = 0.49) or in @entity1674 (1.87 mmol/l and 1.94 mmol/l, p = 0.60). No product-related side effects were reported CONCLUSION: An interaction was observed between the studied St.-John's-wort-containing product and @entity2993 . Physicians and @entity1 should be aware of this interaction and if treatment with a St. John's wort product is considered necessary, then there may be a need for increasing the dose of @entity2993 .

title: Interaction between a commercially available St. John's wort product (Movina) and @entity2993 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Midline dorsal plication is an efficient and safe surgical technique to correct chordee. We investigated the efficacy of midline dorsal plication for recurrent chordee in complicated @entity2650 reoperations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the charts of 25 @entity1 who underwent reoperation between 1999 and 2004 due to complications of @entity2650 repair other than meatal stenosis. A total of 15 cases were initially managed elsewhere for primary repair or complications. The etiology of recurrent chordee was defined at surgical correction. When recurrent chordee was noted a midline dorsal plication was performed. RESULTS: Of 25 @entity1 10 had previously undergone chordee repair. Nine of these @entity1 were observed to have recurrent chordee and 1 had de novo chordee. A total of 10 @entity1 had recurrent or delayed onset chordee. Mean @entity1 age at primary repair was 6.28 years (range 1 to 33). Mean age at last operation for chordee was 15.9 years (range 4 to 66). Mean interval to recurrent chordee was 6 years (range 1 to 16), excluding a 66-year-old blind @entity1 who did not know when recurrent chordee developed. Five @entity1 had chordee recur before puberty at a mean interval of 2.6 years. Mean reoperation rate was 2.4 for recurrent chordee cases and 2.6 for chordee-free cases. Mean followup after midline dorsal plication for recurrent chordee repair was 22 months (range 8 to 56), while mean followup in pubertal and postpubertal cases was 20 months. No recurrence of chordee or surgery related morbidity was observed after recurrent chordee repair by midline dorsal plication. CONCLUSIONS: Chordee may recur during puberty following successful chordee repair. The midline dorsal plication technique is simple, efficient and safe even in @entity1 who have undergone multiple surgeries for @entity2650 and chordee repair.

title: Midline dorsal plication to repair recurrent chordee at reoperation for XXXX surgery complication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8585 Background: Increased numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been seen in @entity1 receiving high-dose continuous and bolus infusion @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) regimens. The @entity137 of high-dose @entity1199 due to a " @entity2478 requires in- @entity1 administration of such regimens. Daily intravenous doses of @entity1199 of 18-21.6 MIU/m2 over 15-30 minutes have been developed to attempt to lessen @entity137 of this therapy. @entity6359 may increase @entity1199 internalization by the @entity3647 on lymphocytes (Tsunoda, 1992). Previously, we have shown that @entity1 with @entity320 may be treated safely with outpatient intravenous @entity1199 preceded by intravenous @entity6359 daily for 3-5 days (Quan et al, 2003; Quan et al, 2010). The current study involves 17 @entity1 with @entity320 . METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 with stage IV @entity320 received @entity1199 18 MIU/m2 intravenously (IV) preceded by @entity6359 20 mg IV daily for 3 days for six consecutive weeks. Four @entity1 with @entity320 received @entity1199 21.6 MIU/m2 IV preceded by @entity6359 20 mg IV daily for four days every 3 weeks. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were measured on the first day of each week of @entity1199 therapy for all @entity1 . Student's t-test was used to compare the highest lymphocyte counts in responding @entity1 vs. non-responders. RESULTS: Four @entity1 experienced either a complete (2) or partial (2) response. Thirteen @entity1 were non-responders. The median lymphocyte count achieved in the responding @entity1 was 4750/mm3 (range: 3100-5314/mm3) compared to the median of 2400/mm3 (range: 1500-4949/mm3) in the non-responders (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral blood lymphocyte numbers are significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity320 responding to outpatient intravenous @entity1199 preceded by @entity6359 than in non-responders. Further studies using flow cytometry and lymphocyte cytoxicity assays are currently being done.

title: Correlation between lymphocyte counts and response to outpatient intravenous XXXX preceded by @entity6359 in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity6359 :: ('MESH:D015738', 'Chemical') :: ['famotidine', 'Famotidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak" syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: @entity1278 occurs early in life and predisposes to @entity170 . Exercise may be protective. We asked: (1) Does failure to attain peak bone density contribute to the @entity79 ? (2) Does oral contraceptive use protect against @entity170 ? (3) Is any protective effect of exercise confined to weight-bearing sites? Areal bone density (g/cm2) and body composition were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry in 65 @entity1 with @entity1278 and 52 controls. Comparing the 12 @entity1 with primary @entity2588 and the 37 @entity1 with secondary @entity2588 , bone density (mean +/- SEM) at the lumbar spine was 0.88 +/- 0.04 versus 1.06 +/- 0.03 (P = 0.001), respectively. Bone density at the femoral neck was 0.80 +/- 0.04 versus 0.92 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05), respectively. These values differed before, but not after, adjusting for the respective duration of illness (73.0 +/- 10.3 versus 34.1 +/- 4.8 months, P < 0.001) and fat-free mass (31.6 +/- 1.3 versus 35.4 +/- 0.5 kg, P < 0.01). Bone density at the lumbar spine in the 16 @entity1 with 31.8 +/- 8.3 months of contraceptive exposure was higher than in the 49 @entity1 with no contraceptive exposure (1.14 +/- 0.05 versus 1.02 +/- 0.02 P < 0.02) but was lower than in controls (1.14 +/- 0.05 versus 1.27 +/- 1.02, P < 0.01). No protective effect of contraceptive exposure was detectable at the femoral neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : the influence of peak bone density, bone loss, oral contraceptive use, and exercise.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in bone density']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa']


abstract: The induction of T-helper cell subsets during the course of blood stage @entity27571 @entity281 was compared in immunologically intact NIH @entity19 and @entity19 that were depleted of B cells from birth by treatment with anti-mu antibodies. For intact @entity19 , in which the acute primary @entity5895 peaked 10 days following @entity281 , purified splenic CD4+ T cells recovered during the ascending @entity5895 produced high levels in vitro of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ) (peak levels on day 10) and @entity60 ) (peak levels on day 7). Sera collected from these @entity19 at around this time contained relatively high levels of P. c. chabaudi-specific immunoglobulin 2a (peak levels on day 12), and serum @entity842 activity was significantly elevated at peak @entity5895 . During the descending primary @entity5895 , production of @entity60 and @entity2047 decreased, while levels of @entity58 and @entity1618 produced by splenic CD4+ T cells were significantly raised from the time at which subpatency was recorded (day 17) and persisted for at least 50 days. This was concomitant with a significant increase in levels of parasite-specific immunoglobulin G1, which peaked at around the time of recrudescence. Thus, in normal @entity19 , sequential appearance of @entity630 and @entity61 responses was observed. In contrast, in B-cell-depleted @entity19 , recovery from acute primary @entity5895 was followed by a persistent patent @entity281 which did not drop below 0.1% for at least 75 days after @entity281 . These @entity19 were unable to mount a significant @entity61 response, manifest as an enduring inability of splenic CD4+ T cells to produce significant levels of @entity58 and @entity1618 . @entity2047 and @entity60 levels remained significantly elevated throughout the 50-day observation period, and there was sustained production of @entity842 . These data show that immune responses mediated by CD4+ T cells of the @entity630 subset are capable of limiting @entity281 beyond the initial acute phase, but that they do not eliminate @entity5895 . Furthermore, as the progression from a @entity630 -regulated to a @entity61 -regulated immune response fails to occur in B-cell-depleted @entity19 , the data suggest that B cells are required for the downregulation of @entity630 -mediated and/or the generation of @entity61 -mediated protective immunity to P. c. chabaudi.

title: B cells are required for the switch from @entity630 - to @entity61 -regulated immune responses to @entity27571 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'initiation of infection']

entities_list: @entity27571 :: ('31271', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondria play a crucial role in pathways of stress conditions. They can be transported from one cell to another, bringing their features to the cell where they are transported. It has been shown in @entity5 cells overexpressing @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) that mitochondria express proteins involved in drug resistance such as @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity0 resistant protein and multiple resistance protein-1. The @entity6371 phenotype is associated with the constitutive expression of @entity2247 and @entity3623 , whereas @entity12698 , a specific inhibitor of @entity2247 activity, reverses drug resistance of @entity6371 cells by releasing @entity4674 from mitochondria. It is possible that @entity2247 and @entity3623 are also expressed in mitochondria of @entity5 cells overexpressing the @entity6371 phenotype. This study involved experiments using the @entity1 @entity157 @entity9294 /PRF/5 cell line with and without @entity6371 phenotype and @entity320 A375 cells that do not express the @entity1262 phenotype but they do @entity3623 . Western blot analysis, confocal immunofluorescence and immune electron microscopy showed that @entity3623 is localized in mitochondria of @entity1262 -positive cells, whereas @entity2247 is not. Low and moderate concentrations of @entity12698 modulate the expression of @entity3623 and @entity1262 in mitochondria of @entity6371 @entity5 cells independently from inhibition of @entity2247 activity. However, A375 cells that express @entity3623 also in mitochondria, were not @entity1262 positive. In conclusion, @entity3623 can be localized in mitochondria of @entity157 cells overexpressing @entity1262 phenotype, however this phenomenon appears independent from the @entity1262 phenotype occurrence. The presence of @entity3623 in mitochondria of @entity1 @entity157 cells phenotype probably concurs to a more aggressive behaviour of @entity5 cells.

title: Mitochondria of a XXXX @entity157 cell line constitutively express inducible nitric oxide synthase in the inner membrane.

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['multidrug resistance', 'MDR']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity281 with @entity1082 ) @entity1799 is a major risk factor for the development of @entity213 ( @entity213 ), in particular @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The oropharyngeal epithelium differs from the mucosal epithelium at other commonly @entity1799 -infected sites (i.e., cervix and anogenital region) in that it is juxtaposed with the underlying lymphatic tissue, serving a key immunologic function in the surveillance of inhaled and ingested pathogens. Therefore, the natural history of @entity281 and immune response to HPV at this site may differ from that at other anatomic locations. This review summarizes the literature concerning the adaptive immune response against HPV in the context of @entity213 , with a focus on the T-cell response. Recent studies have shown that a broad repertoire of @entity5 -infiltrating HPV-specific T-cells are found in nearly all @entity1 with @entity5 . A systemic response is found in only a proportion of these. Furthermore, the local response is more frequent in @entity957 @entity1 than in cervical @entity5 @entity1 and HPV-negative @entity957 @entity1 . Despite this, @entity5 persistence may be facilitated by abnormalities in antigen processing, a skewed T-helper cell response, and an increased local prevalence of T-regulatory cells. Nonetheless, the immunologic profile of HPV-positive vs. HPV-negative @entity213 is associated with a significantly better outcome, and the HPV-specific immune response is suggested to play a role in the significantly better response to therapy of HPV-positive @entity1 . Immunoprofiling may prove a valuable prognostic tool, and immunotherapy trials targeting HPV are underway, providing hope for decreasing treatment-related @entity137 .

title: The interplay between HPV and host immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'HPV-positive tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Persistent infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high-throughput method was developed for the detection of 31 @entity1245 drugs and @entity49438 in @entity1 plasma by on-line column-switching ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma samples (100 l) spiked with the 32 drugs and @entity6720 -d5 (internal standard) were diluted with 300 l of 13.3mM @entity6190 / @entity1626 (33:67, v/v). After centrifugation and filtration, the clear supernatant was injected directly onto the extraction column (Oasis HLB cartridge column). The following procedure was fully automated. The analytes retained on the extraction column were eluted by backflushing of the extraction column and introduced into an analytical column (SUMIPAX ODS D-Swifter column, 30mm*3.0mm i.d.; particle size 2 m) by column switching. Quantification was performed by multiple reaction monitoring with positive-ion electrospray ionization. Distinct peaks appeared for each drug and the internal standard on each channel within 7min, including the extraction time. All drugs spiked into plasma showed recoveries of 83-95%. The regression equations for the 32 drugs showed excellent linearities in the range of 50-2000pg/ml of plasma and the limits of detection ranged from 20 to 50pg/ml. The lower and upper limits of quantitation were 50-100ng/ml and 2000pg/ml, respectively. Intra- and interday coefficients of variation for none of the drugs were greater than 13.6%. The accuracies of quantitation were 87-112%. The multiple reaction monitoring information-dependent acquisition of enhanced product ions method enabled the quantification and confirmation of @entity3175 , @entity5756 , and @entity2934 obtained from actual plasma.

title: Rapid and highly sensitive analysis of XXXX and @entity49438 in @entity1 plasma by automated on-line column-switching UFLC-MS/MS.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity49438 :: ('MESH:C055267', 'Chemical') :: ['tandospirone']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepines']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to measure enteric @entity578 emissions using a new portable automated open-circuit gas quantification system (GQS) and the @entity9809 tracer technique (SF6) in midlactation Holstein @entity291 housed in a tiestall barn. Sixteen @entity291 averaging 176    34 d in milk, 40.7    6.1 kg of milk yield, and 685    49 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to 1 out of 2 treatments according to a crossover design. Treatments were (1) ad libitum (adjusted daily to yield 10% orts) and (2) restricted feed intake [set to restrict feed by 10% of baseline dry matter intake (DMI)]. Each experimental period lasted 22 d, with 14 d for treatment adaptation and 8 d for data and sample collection. A common diet was fed to the @entity291 as a total mixed ration and contained 40.4% @entity4336 silage, 11.2% grass-legume haylage, and 48.4% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Spot 5-min measurements using the GQS were taken twice daily with a 12-h interval between sampling and sampling times advanced 2 h daily to account for diurnal variation in @entity578 emissions. Canisters for the SF6 method were sampled twice daily before milking with 4 local background gas canisters inside the barn analyzed for background gas concentrations. Enteric @entity578 emissions were not affected by treatments and averaged 472 and 458 g/d (standard error of the mean = 18 g/d) for ad libitum and restricted intake treatments, respectively (data not shown). The GQS appears to be a reliable method because of the relatively low coefficients of variation (ranging from 14.1 to 22.4%) for @entity578 emissions and a moderate relationship (coefficient of determination = 0.42) between @entity578 emissions and DMI. The SF6 resulted in large coefficients of variation (ranging from 16.0 to 111%) for @entity578 emissions and a poor relationship (coefficient of determination = 0.17) between @entity578 emissions and @entity9956 , likely because of limited barn ventilation and high background gas concentration. Research with improved barn ventilation systems or outdoors is warranted to further assess the GQS and SF6 methodologies.

title: Short communication: Use of a portable automated open-circuit gas quantification system and the XXXX tracer technique for measuring enteric methane emissions in Holstein @entity291 fed ad libitum or restricted.

entities_list: @entity9809 :: ('MESH:D013459', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur hexafluoride']

answer: @entity9809 :: (MESH:D013459,Chemical) :: ['sulfur hexafluoride']


abstract: The composition of skeletal muscle fibre expressed as a percentage of slow twitch (ST), type I or "red" and fast twitch (FT), type II or "white" were determined in @entity1 with @entity101 ( @entity101 ) or with severe @entity299 ( @entity299 ) and compared to age matched controls. Similarly, exercise capacity expressed as the cycle intensity eliciting a blood @entity880 concentration corresponding to 2.0 mmol x 1-1 were compared with healthy controls. Both @entity1 groups had a higher percentage of FT fibres with relatively lower exercise capacities than their controls. The exercise capacities were reduced even when the relationship of decreased capacity with the percentage of increased FT was considered. There was an increase @entity299 but not in @entity101 in @entity1 with fibre subgroup FTc, which most probably reflected fibre @entity130 . Both @entity1 groups were low in the skeletal muscle mitochondrial electron carrier and unspecific antioxidant @entity12931 , @entity7447 or @entity7447 . @entity1 with @entity299 but not @entity101 showed, however, a faster fall in the ratio @entity7447 over ST% the higher the percentage value of ST. The ratio reflects the antioxidant activity related to @entity7447 in the fibre hosting most of the oxidative metabolism. A low ratio indicates a risk of @entity9555 and cell @entity130 . This could explain fibre plasticity and offer an alternative cause to heredity in elucidating in deviating muscle fibre composition in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity299 .

title: Muscle fibre types, XXXX content and exercise capacity in @entity101 and effort angina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12931 :: ('MESH:D014451', 'Chemical') :: ['ubiquinone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic lesion']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity12931 :: (MESH:D014451,Chemical) :: ['ubiquinone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the replacement therapy with @entity1955 in @entity6750 ( @entity6750 ) is to correct @entity1375 and ensure normal growth and neuropsychological development. Few data are available about the appropriate dose during childhood and early adolescence; therefore, we performed a multicenter observational study in a large population of @entity1 with @entity6750 to assess the required @entity1955 dose to obtain @entity3214 . We recruited 216 @entity1 with permanent @entity6750 classified into three groups ( @entity53846 , @entity3611 , and in situ gland) on the basis of the thyroid imaging. The @entity1955 dose was recorded at 6 and 12  months and then yearly until 12  years of age. The daily @entity1955 requirement progressively decreased during the follow-up, irrespective of etiology. It was significantly lower in @entity1 with in situ gland than in @entity1 with athyreosis during the entire study period and with ectopic gland from the age of 1  year. The @entity1955 requirement at 6  months of age was correlated with the requirement at each later time-point. The daily dose was modified less frequently in @entity1 with in situ thyroid (36  %) than in @entity1 with ectopic gland (41.4  %) or with athyreosis (43.6  %). @entity1 with in situ gland required a lower dose than the other two subgroups. The dose at 6  months seems predictive of the requirement until 12  years of age. Euthyroidism may be achieved in pre-school and in-school @entity1 by 3-4 and 2-3    g/kg/day (70-90 and 60-80    g/m(2)/day) of @entity1955 , respectively.

title: @entity1955 requirement in XXXX : a 12-year longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism', 'CH']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether @entity159 ( @entity159 ) gradients emerge in health outcomes as early as birth and to examine the magnitude, potential sources, and explanations of any observed @entity159 gradients. DATA SOURCES: The National Maternal and @entity1 Health Survey conducted in 1988. STUDY DESIGN: A multinomial logistic regression of trichotomized birth-weight categories was conducted for normal birth-weight (2,500-5,500 grams), @entity600 ( @entity600 ; < 2,500 grams), and heavy birth-weight (> 5,500 grams). Key variables included income, education, occupational grade, state-level income inequality, and length of participation in @entity1 - @entity1 - @entity1 (WIC) for pregnant mothers. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A socioeconomic gradient for @entity600 was discovered for an adjusted household income measure, net of all covariates in the unrestricted models. A gross effect of maternal education was explained by maternal smoking behaviors, while no effect of occupational grade was observed, net of household income. There were no significant state-level income inequality effects (Gini coefficient) for any of the models. In addition, participation in WIC was discovered to substantially flatten income gradients for short-term @entity1 and virtually eliminate an income gradient among long-term @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a materialist explanation for early-life @entity159 gradients seems the most plausible (vis-  -vis psychosocial and occupational explanations), more research is needed to discover potential interventions. In addition, the notion of a monotonic gradient in which income is salutary across the full range of the distribution is challenged by these data such that income may cease to be beneficial after a given threshold. Finally, the success of WIC participation in flattening @entity159 gradients argues for either: (a) the experimental efficacy of WIC, or (b) the biasing selection characteristics of WIC @entity1 ; either conclusion suggests that interventions or characteristics of @entity1 deserves further study as a potential remedy for socioeconomic disparities in early-life health outcomes such as @entity600 .

title: Socioeconomic gradients and XXXX : empirical and policy considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Infant', 'Children', 'Women', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['low birth-weight', 'LBWT']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['low birth-weight']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Balneotherapy (spa therapy) for @entity1 with @entity625 is one of the oldest forms of therapy. One of the aims of balneotherapy is to soothe the @entity158 , improve joint motion and as a consequence to relieve @entity1 ' suffering and make them feel well. OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review on the effectiveness of balneotherapy for @entity309 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Using the Cochrane search strategy, studies were found by screening: 1) The MEDLINE CD-ROM database from 1966 to June 2002 and 2) the database from the Cochrane 'Rehabilitation and Related Therapies' Field, the Pedro database up to June 2002. Also, 3) reference checking and 4) personal communications with authors was carried out to retrieve eligible studies. Date of the most recent literature search: June, 2002 SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were eligible if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing balneotherapy with any other intervention or with no intervention. Included @entity1 all suffered from definite or classical @entity309 ( @entity309 ) as defined by the American @entity627 Association Criteria (ARA) or by the criteria of Steinbrocker. At least one of the WHO/ILAR core set of endpoints for @entity309 clinical trials had to be among the main outcome measures. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The Delphi list was the criteria list used to assess the components of methodological quality. Two reviewers carried out quality assessment and data extraction of the studies. Disagreements were solved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials, representing 355 @entity1 , were included in this review. Most trials reported positive findings (the absolute improvement in measured outcomes ranged from 0 to 44%), but were methodologically flawed to some extent. A 'quality of life' outcome was reported by two trials. None of the trials performed an intention-to-treat analysis and only two performed a comparison of effects between groups. Pooling of the data was not performed; because of heterogeneity of the studies, multiple outcome measurements, and the overall data presentation was too scarce. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: One cannot ignore the positive findings reported in most trials. However the scientific evidence is insufficient because of the poor methodological quality, the absence of an adequate statistical analysis, and the absence, for the @entity1 , of most essential outcome measures ( @entity158 , self assessed function, quality of life). Therefore, the noted "positive findings" should be viewed with caution. Because of the methodological flaws an answer about the apparent effectiveness of balneotherapy cannot be provided at this moment. A large, methodological sound trial is needed.

title: Balneotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: To define genetic aberrations playing a role in the development of @entity784 ( @entity784 ), we examined 26 such @entity5 using a battery of 47 microsatellite markers. The most frequent aberration (seen in 40% of informative genotypes) was amplification of genomic material in region 9q34 encompassing @entity1861 and @entity125 gene loci. Other frequent amplifications were detected in regions 5q33.3-34 and 7q31 (both in more than 30%). Multiple losses of heterozygosity were detected in 6p24, 7p21, 17q23-25, regions containing putative @entity5 suppressor genes, and in the @entity876 locus in 17p13.1. Analysis of the pattern of occurrence of these aberrations revealed existence of two @entity784 subgroups: one of them characterized by the 9q34 aberration and another smaller one showing @entity74 in 3q27. These two aberrations were mutually exclusive. @entity124 ( @entity124 ) was detected in 69% of the examined @entity706 ; the percentage of @entity124 -positive genotypes per @entity5 ranged from 2% to 12%. The spectrum of genetic alterations detected showed patterns dependent on morphology. Monomorpic ETLs displayed frequently biallelic TCR-gamma gene rearrangement (p = 0078, chi(2) test). They showed a different pattern and fewer @entity74 (no 3q27, 4q28, 13q14, fewer 5q21, or 5q33.3-34 aberrations) and a lower frequency of @entity124 than pleomorphic ETLs.

title: High frequency of genetic aberrations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['Microsatellite instability', 'MSI']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['ETL', 'enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalances']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariable logistic regression analyses for prediction modeling of adverse outcome in @entity7135 . We analyzed a previously constructed database of @entity1 younger than 20 years of age with @entity7135 at four pediatric referral hospitals from 1985-1996. @entity1 were randomly divided into derivation and validation datasets. Adverse outcome was defined as @entity204 or limb amputation. ANN and multivariable logistic regression models were developed using the derivation set, and were tested on the validation set. Eight variables associated with adverse outcome in previous studies of @entity7135 were considered in both the ANN and logistic regression analyses. Accuracies of these models were then compared. There were 381 @entity1 with @entity7135 in the database, of whom 50 had adverse outcomes. When applied to the validation data set, the sensitivities for both the ANN and logistic regressions models were 75% and the specificities were both 91%. There were no significant differences in any of the performance parameters between the two models. ANN analysis is an effective tool for developing prediction models for adverse outcome of @entity7135 in @entity1 , and has similar accuracy as logistic regression modeling. With larger, more complete databases, and with advanced ANN algorithms, this technology may become increasingly useful for real-time prediction of @entity1 outcome.

title: Comparison of prediction models for adverse outcome in XXXX using artificial neural network and logistic regression analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric meningococcal disease', 'meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['pediatric meningococcal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The clinical behavior of @entity150 seems rather complicated. Although some have advocated the histological grading of @entity189 in situ, to our knowledge no sufficient clinical information has been reported. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical significance of histological grading of @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1984 to December 1991, 58 @entity1 with @entity150 were treated initially with intravesical @entity1138 and @entity632 sequential therapy. Of the @entity1 20 had grade 2 and 38 had grade 3 anaplasia according to the modified World Health Organization grading system. Those who failed the initial therapy received another course of @entity1138 and @entity632 sequential therapy or intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin. RESULTS: Following initial therapy, 13 @entity1 (65%) with grade 2 and 28 (74%) with grade 3 disease achieved a complete response. Subsequent intravesical therapy resulted in complete response in 17 @entity1 (85%) with grade 2 and 31 (82%) with grade 3 @entity5 . The local recurrence rate was higher in the grade 2 than in the grade 3 cases after a median followup of 48 months (range 10 to 84). The @entity5 configuration was significantly different between the 2 groups. @entity5 recurred only in grade 2 cases, while only nodular @entity5 recurred in grade 3 cases. The progression-free and survival curves were slightly higher in grade 2 than in grade 3 cases, although the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: There may be some difference in response to initial intravesical chemotherapy and the local recurrence rate between grades 2 and 3 @entity189 in situ, both of which are detrimental to grade 2 lesions. Moreover, it appears likely that grade 2 @entity189 in situ is a precursor of papillary high grade @entity5 and grade 3 @entity189 in situ is a precursor of nodular @entity5 . However, @entity1 prognosis in the 2 groups was not significantly different.

title: Histological grading of @entity150 : its clinical significance in @entity1 who underwent intravesical XXXX and @entity632 sequential therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'recurrent tumor', 'Papillary cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the bladder']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study cardiovascular haemodynamics following scorpion @entity5900 . SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university hospital. @entity1 : Eight @entity1 with Indian red scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) stings. INTERVENTION: @entity3371 (6.25 to 12.5 mg orally) every 30 minutes until @entity4 resolved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Haemodynamic data obtained by pulmonary artery catheterisation. RESULTS: Two haemodynamic patterns were seen. There was a predominant vascular effect in one @entity1 , with severe @entity101 , @entity591 , increased systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI = 5893 dyn.s.cm-5), and normal cardiac index (2.73 l/m2). A predominant myocardial effect with @entity1002 and normal right ventricular function was seen in the other seven @entity1 , with @entity591 , @entity4 , mild @entity551 , reduced @entity64 volume (mean (SD), 25.9 (8.3) ml/m2), normal SVRI (1812 (831) dyn.s.cm-5), and increased pulmonary artery wedge pressure ( @entity58573 = 25 (4.4) mm Hg). Following mild @entity4 subsided ( @entity58573 = 14 (8.5) mm Hg) in three of these @entity1 , but @entity1457 developed (right atrial pressure (RAP) = 1.3 (2.1) mm Hg); @entity4 recurred with rehydration. One @entity1 developed fatal @entity1455 with raised @entity58573 (27 mm Hg) and RAP (11 mm Hg), and vasodilatation (SVRI = 1129 dyn.s.cm-5). @entity64 volume (30.5 (8.7) ml/m2) and cardiac output (4.3 (1.5) 1/m2) improved with resolution of @entity4 ( @entity58573 = 14.4 (4.2) mm Hg) following afterload reduction with @entity3371 . CONCLUSIONS: Mild @entity5900 causes severe vasoconstriction and @entity101 . Severe @entity5900 produces predominant @entity1002 with normal systemic vascular resistance manifesting as @entity4 or severe @entity551 depending on the fluid balance. Shock due to @entity409 and vasodilatation occurs terminally.

title: Haemodynamic patterns in XXXX with scorpion @entity5900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration pulmonary oedema', 'pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolaemic shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['biventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity5409 in the atrium (trigone) of the lateral ventricle may become symptomatic due to obstruction of physiological CSF circulation and/or from mass effect on adjacent structures. A minimally invasive approach that not only allows for straightforward access to multiple regions of the @entity45 wall, but also enables direct inspection of the entire lateral ventricular system, has not been elaborated. In this paper the authors describe their experience with the endoscopic transoccipital horn approach for treating @entity5409 in the atrium of the lateral ventricle. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of all @entity1 who underwent endoscopic surgical treatment for cysts in the atrium of the lateral ventricle between 1999 and 2014. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 13 consecutive @entity1 who presented with symptomatic lateral ventricular entrapment due to the presence of an @entity45 . There were 9 male and 4 female @entity1 , with a median age of 5 years. @entity10 was the most common complaint at presentation. The transoccipital horn approach facilitated successful cyst reduction and fenestration in all cases. Temporal and occipital horn entrapment was reversed in all cases, with reestablishment of a physiological CSF flow pattern throughout the ventricles. @entity1276 was also reversed in all @entity1 presenting with this neuroimaging finding at presentation. No cyst or ventricular entrapment was noted to recur during a mean follow-up period of 36 months. No @entity1 in the study cohort required repeat surgery or permanent CSF diversion postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic transoccipital horn approach represents a safe and effective treatment strategy for @entity1 with symptomatic @entity45 of the lateral ventricle. Using this minimally invasive technique, all poles of the lateral ventricular system can be visualized and the unobstructed flow of CSF can be confirmed after cyst resection obviating the need for additional diversion.

title: Transoccipital endoscopic fenestration of XXXX causing ventricular entrapment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions', 'Cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['atrial cyst', 'atrial cysts']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache']

answer: @entity45 :: (MESH:D010181,Disease) :: ['atrial cysts']


abstract: @entity4645 ( @entity4645 ) plays an important role in the development of injury during @entity2806 and inhibition of its activity can reduce @entity1188 size. @entity4645 expression during acute @entity63 is caused by activation of post-synaptic @entity2227 receptors, which occurs during spreading @entity308 and @entity63 . Both of these phenomena cause a reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC), which can be detected with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The reduction is believed to be caused by cellular swelling that occurs as cells depolarize. The goal of this work was to determine the spatial relationship between @entity4645 mRNA ( @entity4665 ) expression, @entity5019 mRNA expression and ADC reduction during acute focal @entity2806 . Adult @entity35 were subjected to either 30- or 60-min permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. A 2-Tesla scanner was used to acquire diffusion-weighted echo-planar images throughout the ischemic period, which were used to calculate ADC maps. @entity4665 and @entity5019 mRNA were detected with @entity12486 in situ hybridization. The results indicate that, for @entity35 subjected to 60-min @entity63 , @entity4665 was observed in superficial layers of cortex, where transient ADC reduction and @entity5019 expression were observed. The same was true for most @entity35 subjected to 30-min @entity63 . However, in a small number of @entity35 of the 30-min group, @entity4665 mRNA expression was observed in regions exhibiting transient and persistent ADC reduction with no @entity5019 expression. The results suggest that @entity4665 mRNA expression during acute MCA occlusion is caused by either or both spreading @entity308 and transient @entity63 .

title: @entity4645 mRNA expression is associated with @entity5019 mRNA expression and transient water ADC reduction detected with diffusion MRI during acute focal @entity63 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic depolarization', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']