abstract: The term "complicated @entity293 " includes all microbial infections of the urinary tract in the presence of abnormalities within the urinary tract which may be different in kind but all are disturbing the urodynamics to a relevant extent independently from the severity of the @entity281 . The clinical aspects, however, are of important influence on the bacterial spectrum and thus on the choice of antibiotics. It has to be distinguished whether the treatment is performed according to the sensitivity testing or whether it has to be started empirically. In complicated @entity293 , especially when hospital acquired, multiresistant pathogens are frequent. Therefore, the classical oral antibiotics should only be chosen if sensitivity testing is available. Empiric therapy usually requests the newer broad-spectrum quinolones. Regarding the clinical status of the @entity1 sometimes therapy has to be started parenterally with acylureidopenicillins or cephalosporins of the 2nd and 3rd generation. As soon as possible, however, the therapy should be switched to an oral one. With antimicrobial therapy long-term success in complicated @entity293 can only be obtained, if the underlying abnormalities can be corrected and the urodynamics become normal. In @entity1 this condition cannot be reached by any reason relapses and reinfections are common. But in these @entity1 usually treated several times and with various antibiotics by selection multiresistant pathogens are frequently found. Therefore, a repeated antibiotic therapy is only indicated, if necessary according to the infectious symptoms and if diagnostic and therapeutic interventions within the urinary tract are considered.

title: [Therapy of complicated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: The effect of CD154 blockade and macrophage depletion or inhibition on @entity3474 humoral and cellular immune responses to pig antigens was studied in a @entity1707 -to- @entity3474 peripheral blood mobilized progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation model aimed at inducing tolerance. We infused @entity1707 PBPCs in @entity6599 pretreated with a nonmyeloablative regimen along with murine anti-human CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and macrophage-depleting or -inhibiting agents. Group 1 @entity6599 (n=2) underwent a nonmyeloablative regimen and immunoadsorption of anti- @entity14009 ( @entity19447 ) antibody (Ab) before intravenous infusion of high doses (1.3-4.6 x 10(10)cells/kg) of PBPCs. In group 2 (n=5), @entity205 was replaced by 8 doses of anti-CD154 mAb over 14 days. Group 3 (n=3) received the group 2 regimen plus medronate liposomes (n=2) or commercially available @entity1 intravenous immunoglobulin G depleted of anti- @entity19447 Ab (n=1) to deplete/inhibit recipient macrophages. Group 1 developed sensitization to @entity19447 and also developed new Ab to non- @entity19447 porcine antigens within 10 to 20 days. In group 2, no sensitization to @entity19447 or non- @entity19447 determinants was seen, but @entity19447 -reactive antibodies did return to their preleukocyte transplantation levels. CD154 blockade, therefore, induced humoral unresponsiveness to @entity1707 cells. In group 3, sensitization to @entity19447 was seen in all three @entity6599 at 20 days, and Abs against new porcine determinants developed in one @entity3474 . The depletion or inhibition of host macrophages, therefore, prevented the induction of humoral unresponsiveness by CD154 blockade. These results suggest that CD154 blockade induces humoral unresponsiveness by a mechanism that involves the indirect pathway of antigen presentation. In vitro investigation of baboon anti-pig mixed lymphocyte reaction confirmed that only the indirect pathway is efficiently blocked by anti-CD154 mAb. The mechanism in which blockade of the @entity57476 -CD154 pathway induces its effect remains to be determined, but it could involve the generation of regulatory cells capable of suppressing the direct pathway.

title: @entity57476 -CD154 pathway blockade requires host macrophages to induce humoral unresponsiveness to XXXX hematopoietic cells in @entity6599 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Repair of groin @entity547 is one of the most common operations performed by general surgeons, and mesh repair methods have gained wide acceptance. @entity1118 is the most serious long-term complication that can occur after repair of groin @entity547 . The development of @entity1118 after herniorraphy has been attributed to several mechanisms, including @entity16 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity95 underwent bilateral inguinal dissection and synthetic @entity7502 mesh laid on one side. Bilateral inguinal dissection was performed again after 3 months, and samples of nerve tissue were taken from both sides for histological examination. RESULTS: Light microscopic examination of the sections of control group peripheral nerves were in normal appearance, but the nerve fascicles in experimental group operated with mesh showed @entity384 and mild-to-severe @entity17 . Examination of semi-thin and ultra-thin sections in control group peripheral nerve fascicles showed normal morphology. Ultrastructural nerve morphology in experimental group operated with mesh exhibited @entity4 with thickening of both endoneurium and perineurium, causing separation of nerve fibers. Myelin sheaths of fibers showed an ondulation toward the axoplasm and the endoneurium. Separation of myelin layers from each other as a prominent feature of @entity528 was also observed. Axoplasms exhibited @entity4 and crystallization. CONCLUSIONS: The light microscopic and ultrastructural changes seen in peripheral nerves in experimental group operated with mesh suggested that mechanical compression of peripheral nerves is associated with @entity17 , endoneurinal and perineurial @entity4 , @entity82 , @entity393 , and @entity4 that may cause @entity1897 . @entity1118 after @entity547 repair can be possibly caused by the entrapment of peripheral nerves in the scar tissue formed by the mesh.

title: The effect of XXXX mesh on ilioinguinal nerve in open mesh repair of groin @entity547 .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelin degeneration', 'loss of myelinated axons']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['axonal dilation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['damage to sensory nerves and mesh inguinodynia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'endoneurinal edema']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic groin pain', 'Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['myelin degeneration in nerve fibers']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity209 is a cluster of various @entity65 risk factors: @entity6 and @entity6 , @entity1144 , hyperlipidaemia and @entity101 . @entity1 with @entity209 are twice as likely to die from and three times as likely to have a @entity299 or @entity64 compared with @entity1 without the syndrome. The objective of the study was to observe the frequency of @entity209 ( @entity209 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 and study the relationship of @entity2690 resistance with the @entity209 and its different clinical parameters. METHODS: The study was conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Malir, in about six months. Hundred and fifty-five @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 were included in the study, who were diagnosed after 25 years of age. All those suffering from any @entity409 , non @entity2316 , @entity1374 , advanced @entity299 and @entity5 were excluded from the study. @entity2690 resistance was measured using homeostatic model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) and International @entity6 Federation (IDF) criteria were used to diagnose @entity209 . RESULTS: Among 155 @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 , 66.5% were having @entity209 ( @entity209 ) according to IDF criteria. This frequency was significantly higher in @entity1 (84.7%) as compared to @entity1 (44.3%). Difference of means of HOMA-IR ( @entity2690 resistance) in @entity209 present and @entity209 absent cases was statistically significant in @entity1 (p = 0.02) but not in @entity1 (p = 0.57), when compared through independent sample t-test. @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) was not significantly correlated with waist circumference (r = 0.24), BMI (r = 0.16), @entity1674 (r = 0.22), HDL @entity165 (r = 0.18) and HbA1c (r = 0.35) but showed moderate correlation with fasting plasma @entity413 (r = 0.44). Among 39 @entity1 belonging to the 4th quartile of HOMA-IR, i.e., the most @entity2690 resistant @entity1 , 79% @entity1 had @entity209 according to IDF criteria, and 21% @entity1 did not have @entity209 . CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the frequency of @entity209 is significantly high in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity2690 resistance as measured through HOMA-IR does not show significant correlation with clinical parameters of @entity209 in @entity164 2 diabetics.

title: Frequency of @entity209 in @entity164 2 XXXX and its relationship with @entity2690 resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'People', 'women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'pre-diabetes', 'Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormonal disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Future @entity1 with @entity102 will probably remain longer in their homes. To enable family caregivers to meet these challenges, public services and informal support are essential. OBJECTIVES: This study compared social support between home-dwelling caregivers of partners with @entity1030 or @entity303 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 206 caregivers. Professional aid was quantified by the services utilised. Informal support from family and friends was rated by the number of helping @entity1 and the degree of social withdrawal. The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey Form captured perceived social support. RESULTS: For both diseases, increased severity correlated with more utilisation of professional aid. The @entity1030 group perceived more social support, reported less social withdrawal and higher numbers of helping @entity1 . Ill partners' @entity146 reduced perceived support. The use of professional aid was negatively associated with the ill partner's level of self-care, and positively correlated with social withdrawal. Professional aid was more utilised by the @entity303 group and by @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Differences in caregivers' needs for social support were related to their partner's disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Counteracting social withdrawal, considering type of illness and gender differences may increase the quality of informal care.

title: Differences in social support of caregivers living with partners suffering from XXXX or @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: This collaborative study was conducted to determine the utility and sensitivity of nine sperm motion parameters generated by a Hamilton-Thorne Sperm Analyzer (HTM-IVOS) for detecting adverse effects of chemicals on sperm motion in @entity35 . The efficacy of sperm motion parameters was investigated using nine reproductive toxicants: @entity632 , @entity14878 (3 different studies were carried out), dinoseb, @entity39372 , @entity20221 , @entity3378 , @entity59389 , and @entity5803 . The percentage of motile sperm (% motile sperm), the only parameter expressing the status of semen containing non-motile sperm, detected adverse effects on sperm motion in 9 out of 10 studies. However, weak effects on sperm motion were not detected by this parameter in 4 out of 7 studies in which sperm motion disorders were noted at medium or low dosages. The percentage of progressively motile sperm (% progressive sperm) and the sperm velocity parameters (average path velocity, straight line velocity, and curvilinear velocity) detected adverse effects on sperm motion in all studies. In 7 studies which noted sperm motion disorders at medium or low dosages, weak effects on sperm motion were detected by the % progressive sperm in 5 studies and by the sperm velocity parameters in 6 studies. In 10 studies, @entity135 ( @entity135 ) did not detect adverse effects on sperm motion in 4 studies, and beat cross frequency (BCF) failed to detect adverse effects on sperm motion in 3 studies. Because @entity135 and BCF show the swimming pattern of spermatozoa as @entity910 , the characteristics of these parameters are different from the % progressive sperm and the sperm velocity parameters. Straightness (STR) and @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ), which are secondary parameters calculated from sperm velocity parameters, could not detect adverse effects on sperm motion when the sperm velocity parameters did not detect adverse effects. On the basis of these results, we concluded that the % progressive sperm and sperm velocity parameters are useful and sensitive indicators for detecting adverse effects on sperm motion. However, in the % progressive sperm, setting up a suitable threshold of VAP and/or STR is important to gain further sensitivity for detecting adverse effects on sperm motion. The % motile sperm is useful for assessment of sperm @entity74 , and @entity135 and BCF are useful for evaluating the swimming pattern of sperm. STR and @entity5515 are not very useful for detecting adverse effects on sperm motion.

title: Overview of studies on XXXX sperm motion analysis using a Hamilton-Thorne Sperm Analyzer--collaborative working study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of lateral head displacement', 'ALH']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['linearity', 'LIN']

entities_list: @entity39372 :: ('MESH:C021296', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol monoethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity14878 :: ('MESH:D000517', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chlorohydrin']

entities_list: @entity59389 :: ('MESH:C003715', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['head movement']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['motion disorder']

entities_list: @entity5803 :: ('MESH:D009950', 'Chemical') :: ['ornidazole']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is the 2nd most common @entity5 in Thai @entity1 . Until now, oncologic breast surgeries are typically performed by general anesthesia (GA). However, GA cannot provide adequate @entity282 control and routine use of parenteral opioids aggravate postoperative sedation, @entity390 , @entity391 , impaired oxygenation and depressed ventilation. @entity1514 epidural anesthesia ( @entity1041 ) is one of the regional anesthetic techniques that can be done by using a low dose of local anesthetic in combination with ipsilateral brachial plexus block (BPB) for axillary node dissection. @entity1041 can provide a better @entity158 relief without potential @entity912 of respiratory muscle and sedation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty ASA PS I-III @entity1 undergoing MRM were randomly assigned to two study groups of 25 @entity1 each. In the @entity1041 group, an epidural catheter was inserted at T4 to T5, and 10-15 ml of 0.2% @entity1342 was injected, then interscalene BPB was done with 8 ml of 0.2% @entity1342 . Anesthesia was maintained with 5-10 ml of 0.2% @entity1342 per hour. GA was induced with 1 microg/kg of @entity3575 followed by 1.5-2 mg/kg of @entity1875 and was maintained with @entity2614 and 70% @entity3727 in @entity26 . The authors evaluated the adequacy of anesthesia, surgical condition, postanesthetic recovery, postanesthetic analgesia and @entity1 ' satisfaction. RESULTS: The demographic data was similar in both groups. The number of @entity1 immediately arrived at PACU with a sedation score of 1 was significantly greater in @entity1041 group (p = 0.003) while the number of @entity1 with an Aldrete score of 10 was greater but not statistically significant (p = 0.25). The verbal rating scale and analgesic requirement were significantly lower in the @entity1041 group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002 respectively). @entity1 ' satisfaction was greater with @entity1041 than with GA (p = 0.014). @entity954 was similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that @entity1041 combined with BPB by using a low dose of 0.2% @entity1342 is a safe and reliable alternative technique for MRM. It can provide not only effective anesthesia but also better @entity282 relief faster anesthetic recovery and greater @entity1 satisfaction than those of the GA technique.

title: @entity1514 epidural anesthesia ( @entity1041 ) with 0.2% XXXX in combination with ipsilateral brachial plexus block (BPB) for modified radical mastectomy (MRM).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical condition']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity548 ( @entity548 ) caused by bleeding @entity439 are critical conditions that often carry a severe prognosis. Two main problems must be urgently dealt with: the secondary damage caused by intraventricular clotting and the risk of early rebleeding. A protocol of ultra-early endoscopic ventricular evacuation, after securing the @entity439 with coils, is proposed to solve this challenge in the acute phase and within a few hours of onset. METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 presenting with haematocephalus from @entity1756 were treated in our institute with coiling and endoscopic clot aspiration extended to the whole ventricular system. The only inclusion criteria were the presence of a massive IVH and an @entity439 appropriate for coiling. Computed tomography scans obtained before (within 4 h of symptom onset in all @entity1 ) and immediately after surgery were compared for Graeb score and ventriculocranial ratio (VCR); the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was assessed at 1 year. RESULT: All @entity1 were treated within 2 days of onset. The procedure resulted in a mean 58% removal of ventricular blood and decrease of @entity1276 ; the mean (standard deviation (SD)) Graeb score reduced from 11.5 (0.7) to 4.7 (2.2) (p<0.001) and mean ventriculocranial ratio from 0.26 (0.06) to 0.17 (0.05) (p<0.001). No rebleeding or delayed @entity1276 needing shunt was observed. Mortality at 1 year was 30%; marked disability ( @entity12861 ) and good recovery (GOS = 5) were observed in 40% and 30% of @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Early neuroendoscopic removal of blood casting from the lateral to the fourth ventricle after coiling of bleeding @entity439 is a feasible approach, allowing in most instances the rapid improvement of the IVH.

title: Coiling and neuroendoscopy: a new perspective in the treatment of XXXX due to bleeding @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['IVHs', 'Intraventricular haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intraventricular haemorrhages']


abstract: To understand the structural basis in the hormone-dependent transcriptional regulation of @entity1 beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor (h- @entity11112 1), we studied the conformational changes of h- @entity11112 1 induced by binding of @entity17534 (T3). h- @entity11112 1 was treated with trypsin alone or in the presence of T3, thyroid hormone response element (TRE) or T3 together with TREs. Without T3, h- @entity11112 1 was completely digested by trypsin. Binding of TREs had no effect on the tryptic digestion pattern. However, T3-bound h- @entity11112 1 became resistant to tryptic digestion and yielded trypsin-resistant peptide fragments with molecular weight of 28,000 and 24,000. Chymotryptic digestion also yielded a T3-protected 24 Kd peptide fragment. Using anti-h- @entity11112 1 antibodies and @entity535 sequencing, the 28 Kd fragment was identified to be Ser202- @entity2574 456. The 24 Kd tryptic fragments were found to be Lys239- @entity2574 456 and @entity815 240- @entity2574 456. The 24 Kd chymotryptic fragment was identified to be Lys235- @entity2574 456. The structural changes as a result of T3 binding could serve as a transducing signal to modulate the gene regulating activity of h- @entity11112 1.

title: Conformational changes of XXXX beta 1 thyroid hormone receptor induced by binding of @entity17534 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoventricular patch plasty (the Dor procedure) has gained favor as a surgical treatment for @entity712 associated with large anteroapical @entity583 . We tested the hypothesis that the Dor procedure reduces left ventricular volume, increases end-systolic elastance, decreases diastolic compliance, and maintains left ventricular function. METHODS: In 6 male Dorsett @entity742 , the left anterior descending coronary artery and its second diagonal branch were ligated 40% of the distance from apex to base. Sixteen weeks after @entity583 , a Dor procedure was performed with a Dacron patch that was 50% of the @entity1188 . Absolute left ventricular volume was measured with magnetic resonance imaging, and left ventricular pressure and relative left ventricular volume changes during pharmacologic preload reduction were measured with a volume conductance catheter 2 weeks before and 2 and 6 weeks after the Dor procedure. End-systolic elastance, diastolic compliance, and Starling relationships were calculated from the resultant left ventricular pressure/volume loops. RESULTS: Two weeks after the Dor procedure, the left ventricular volume at end systole and end diastole was significantly reduced, and there was no redilation at 6 weeks. Six weeks after the Dor procedure, the ejection fraction was significantly increased. Although @entity64 volume increased slightly at 6 weeks, the change was not significant. The slopes of end-systolic elastance, diastolic compliance, and Starling relationships were unchanged at 2 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The Dor procedure significantly reduces left ventricular volume. Unlike linear repair, left ventricular volume changes seem stable. The ejection fraction is improved, and left ventricular function ( @entity64 volume and the Starling relationship) is maintained.

title: Left ventricular volume and function after endoventricular patch plasty for dyskinetic anteroapical left ventricular aneurysm in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct neck dimension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: A 31-year-old Japanese @entity1 with @entity1422 became pregnant voluntarily. She had had transfusions with more than 60 units for severe @entity548 . She had multiple antibodies against HLA antigens and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa. No compatible platelets were available. To prevent serious @entity548 during her delivery, antibody removal therapy was carried out three times. Large molecules including immunoglobulins were removed from more than 3 liters of plasma each time. After the titer of antiplatelet antibodies had decreased in the @entity1 's blood, antihuman globulin-lymphocyte cytotoxicity test compatible platelets were transfused. Her @entity548 time improved and delivery was induced successfully despite @entity548 of about 2,000 g of blood. Her @entity1 had no @entity548 problems. This @entity1 is the first with @entity1422 to receive antibody removal therapy at delivery.

title: Antibody removal therapy used successfully at delivery of a pregnant XXXX with @entity1422 and multiple anti-platelet antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ["Glanzmann's thrombasthenia"]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['atonic hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: DNA breaks detected largely by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity9342 in situ nick end-labeling (TUNEL) are observed in the hearts of @entity1 with diseases such as @entity384 ( @entity384 ). STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the prognostic value of TUNEL assays in cases of @entity384 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity384 @entity1 were selected from among @entity1 who had undergone left ventricular (LV) biopsy during the period from 1994 to 2001 in our hospital. Of those, 46 (35 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 58 +/- 11 years) who were followed up for > 3 years after the undergoing the biopsy (mean follow-up period, 4.9 +/- 2.0 years) or died during the follow-up period were entered into the present study. The myocardial apoptotic index was assessed in deparaffinized biopsy specimens that were stained using a conventional TUNEL assay. In addition, all surviving @entity1 received a follow-up echocardiographic examination. RESULTS: Ten of the 46 biopsy specimens (22%) contained TUNEL-positive myocytes; their mean apoptotic index was 0.44 +/- 1.05%. The apoptotic index showed no relation to cardiac functional parameters determined at the time of biopsy, however. Seven @entity1 died during the follow-up period, and 19 of the surviving @entity1 were readmitted to the hospital because of a worsening of their @entity712 . There was no significant difference in the apoptotic indexes of biopsy specimens from the dead and surviving @entity1 , or between the surviving @entity1 who were readmitted to the hospital and those who were not. There was also no significant correlation between the apoptotic index and changes in the LV ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic diameter, or LV posterior wall thickness during follow-up. CONCLUSION: The apoptotic index derived from TUNEL assays is not predictive of the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity384 -induced @entity712 .

title: Myocardial apoptotic index based on in situ DNA nick end-labeling of endomyocardial biopsies does not predict prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: We conducted this randomized controlled trial to determine whether the intraoperative measurement and correction of ionized plasma @entity1760 can reduce the risk of @entity943 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Eighty-five @entity1 presenting for coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly assigned either to the @entity1760 -corrected group, which received @entity2399 on the basis of measured levels of ionized plasma @entity1760 (n = 43), or to the control group, in which @entity1760 levels were identified but not corrected (n = 42). Ionized @entity1760 was determined with an ion-selective electrode with minimal delay, and further samples were taken for laboratory analysis of total plasma @entity1760 . All @entity1 had Holter electrocardiogram monitoring for 72 h after surgery. @entity1272 (45 @entity1 ; 53% of all @entity1 ) was more common than ionized @entity1272 (11 @entity1 ; 13%) before cardiopulmonary bypass. Both total and ionized @entity1760 levels declined further during the course of cardiopulmonary bypass in the control group. The incidence of @entity1165 in the first 24 h was less frequent in the @entity1760 -corrected group (3 @entity1 ; 7%) than the control group (12 @entity1 , 30%; P < 0.01). @entity1 in the @entity1760 -corrected group were more likely to display continuous sinus rhythm (Lown Grade 0) in the first 24 h (14 @entity1 ; 34%) than @entity1 in the control group (2 @entity1 , 5%; P < 0.001). Our results suggest that the intraoperative correction of ionized @entity1760 is associated with a reduction in postoperative @entity943 in cardiac surgical @entity1 . IMPLICATIONS: In this study the correction of ionized plasma @entity1760 during cardiopulmonary bypass was guided by measurements from an ion-selective electrode. This intervention resulted in a reduction in the incidence of postoperative @entity1165 and an increased frequency of continuous sinus rhythm. Ion-selective electrodes constitute a convenient near- @entity1 test, providing a basis for the targeted replacement of ionized plasma @entity1760 .

title: Correction of ionized plasma XXXX during cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the risk of postoperative @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Total hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ABSTRACT Purpose/aim. The alveolar epithelium participates in host defense through inflammatory pathways that activate NF-kB. Lung infections involving endotoxins trigger @entity649 ( @entity649 ) in adult and pediatric @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that overexpression of NF-kB would worsen and conditional deletion of NF-kB signaling would improve endotoxin-induced @entity55 using transgenic @entity19 models. Materials and Methods. Two previously described transgenic @entity19 models were used in which overexpression of the @entity1992 /p65 subunit of NF-kB was targeted to the lung epithelium using an SPC promoter (SPC- @entity1992 ) and conditional deletion of the @entity28293 molecule involved in NF-kB signaling was targeted to the lung epithelium using @entity28775 ( @entity28775 (Cre); @entity28293 (F/F)). Adult transgenic and control @entity19 were injected with intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline followed by lung harvest at 48  h. Collected tissue included whole lungs from transgenic and control @entity19 which was processed for analysis of BAL, lung histology, chemokine expression, and markers of cell apoptosis as well as collection of freshly isolated AECII cells from wild type @entity19 for additional chemokine and apoptotic marker analysis. Results. SPC- @entity1992 @entity19 showed significant @entity55 and injury following LPS injection with increased neutrophil recruitment as compared to wild type and saline treated controls. In contrast, @entity28775 (Cre); @entity28293 (F/F) @entity19 showed markedly @entity55 and injury with decreased neutrophil recruitment as compared to controls. In both models, @entity55 was associated with increased cell apoptosis and these findings were confirmed in freshly isolated AECII cells in wild type @entity19 following LPS injection. Conclusions. Overexpression of NF-kB targeted to the lung epithelium worsened @entity55 and injury in response to LPS exposure while conditional deletion of NF-kB signaling @entity55 . @entity55 and injury were associated with increased cell apoptosis.

title: Alveolar NF-kB signaling regulates endotoxin-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lung inflammation', 'reduced lung inflammation', 'Lung inflammation', 'lung inflammation', 'increases in lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['lung inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The t(3;21)(q26;q22) translocation is associated with @entity2800 and results in a chimeric oncoprotein containing @entity5316 / @entity5316 variably fused to @entity11664 , @entity22213 , and/or @entity5316 . METHODS: The current study describes what to the authors' knowledge is the first large case series reported to date of 26 t(3;21)(q26;q22)-associated @entity1778 , in which 24 cases arose after chemotherapy. Conventional G-band karyotyping and flow cytometry immunophenotyping were performed. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to detect fusion transcripts between @entity5316 and @entity11664 , @entity22213 , or @entity5316 , followed by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: In all 16 @entity1 with @entity102 , including 14 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), the occurrence of t(3;21) heralded myeloid blast transformation. Fifteen (93%) @entity1 had been previously treated with @entity1862 . Eight @entity1 with @entity102 ( @entity102 ) were found to have t(3;21) with t(9;22) as the sole cytogenetic abnormality; in 5 other @entity1 this was accompanied by trisomy 8. Among 10 cases of t(3;21)-associated @entity3052 , 8 were secondary @entity5 after chemotherapy for other @entity5 that had been treated with regimens including @entity3118 and @entity1487 in 3 @entity1 each and etoposide in 2 @entity1 . The immunophenotype of the blasts in all 22 tested cases was similar, with uniform expression of myeloid markers and @entity2280 and variable expression of @entity4587 and @entity6460 , but minimal morphological myeloid maturation. Dysplastic micromegakaryocytes and @entity4018 were observed predominantly in @entity102 cases. RT-PCR followed by DNA sequencing showed that the @entity5316 -/ @entity58474 (AME) fusion transcript was detected in all 5 cases assessed. Among the @entity1 with @entity102 , 8 died of disease (at a median of 6.5 mos) and 5 achieved disease remission with bone marrow transplantation. Among @entity1 with @entity3052 / @entity2590 , 7 died of disease (at a median of 2 mos) and 2 had persistent @entity1778 with short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Activation of AME through t(3;21) defines a highly aggressive, therapy-related @entity1778 . Prior treatment with @entity1862 or other antimetabolites is implicated as a contributory cause.

title: t(3;21)(q26;q22) in @entity2800 : an aggressive syndrome of blast transformation associated with XXXX or antimetabolite therapy.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CMPD', 'chronic myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blast syndrome', 'leukemia', 'leukemias']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia', 'CML']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lymph node sampling and taking of blind biopsies as part of the surgical staging procedure for early @entity43 on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in @entity1 who received no adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: In the EORTC ACTION Trial, 448 @entity1 with early @entity43 were randomized between November 1990 and March 2000-224 @entity1 to observation and 224 to adjuvant @entity3908 -based chemotherapy. Only @entity1 allocated to observation were included for the current study. Analyses were performed in a subgroup of 75 optimally staged @entity1 (group A), 46 @entity1 in whom all staging steps were performed except para-aortic or pelvic lymph node sampling (group B), and 14 @entity1 who fulfilled all staging criteria but in whom no blind peritoneal biopsies were taken (group C). The study group did not differ in stage distribution, cell type, or @entity5 grade. RESULTS: Significantly improved 5-year DFS (P = 0.03) and 5-year OS (P = 0.01) were found in group A (optimally staged) versus group B (no lymph node sampling). A significant difference was also shown in 5-year DFS (P = 0.02) and 5-year OS (P = 0.003) between group A and group C (no blind biopsies). Recurrences occurred in 11 (14.6%) of 75 @entity1 in group A, 16 (34.8%) of 46 @entity1 in group B, and 5 (35.7%) of 14 in group C. The 5-year DFS in group A was 79% versus 61% and 64% in groups B and C, respectively. The 5-year OS decreased from 89% in group A to 71% in group B and 65% in group C. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, statistically significant differences were found in @entity1 in whom para-aortic and pelvic lymph node sampling and taking of blind peritoneal biopsies were undertaken compared with @entity1 in whom these staging steps had been omitted. These findings support the relevance of lymph node sampling and the taking of blind peritoneal biopsies in the surgical staging of early @entity43 .

title: Lymph node sampling and taking of blind biopsies are important elements of the surgical staging of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: In 1994 there were about 100,000 @entity204 in Portugal (99.621), most of these (43%) were caused by cardiocirculatory and @entity66 . A revision about antithrombotic therapy in the elderly is completely justified by the importance of these numbers. In respect to oral anticoagulant therapy, special attention is given to its use in @entity955 concerning the actual therapeutic levels. The current recommendations point to the use of INR levels inferior to those usually used. An INR superior to 2.0-3.0 is only used in the case of valvular mechanical prosthesis. Particular importance is given to the problem of therapeutic induction, mentioning the principal causes of fluctuation of dose/response to oral anticoagulants in the elderly, with special attention to the possible alterations of @entity2067 metabolism and the therapeutic interference. Finally, we specify the hemorrhagic complications of this kind of antithrombotic treatment, and give the recommended measures for a practical action for @entity1 with a high level of INR with or without @entity548 . Concerning heparin therapy, an explanation of the action of heparin and the principal differences between standard heparin and low molecular weight heparins are presented. In the elderly, we point out the secondary effects, such as @entity548 , @entity882 induced by heparin and @entity170 . The usual measures for its minimization are related to the recommended dose and type of heparin administered. Finally, we approach the problem of the antiplatelet therapy. The current knowledge is reviewed concerning its use in primary prevention and the minimum dose of @entity117 that seems to be effective. The use of @entity117 in primary prevention, even if it is not well specified, can be proposed, in a minimum dose, in the elderly with high vascular risk (among other associated factors). However, some particular cases must be studied because an identical clinical attitude cannot be accepted for all @entity1 . The minimum effective dose of @entity117 is now also known to be significantly inferior to the one that has been used. With the possible exceptions of @entity955 and valvular prosthesis, @entity117 seems to be effective in doses of approximately 75 to 150 mg/day. Other possibilities of antiplatelet therapy, are also analysed, with emphasis on platelet receptor inhibitors and metabolic inhibitors, even if their indications not yet been have completely established.

title: [Antithrombotic therapy in the elderly XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 affect about 450 million individuals worldwide. A number of treatment modalities such as psychotropic medications, psychotherapy and electroconvulsive therapy can be used to treat these disorders. Attitudes of general public play a pivotal role in effective utilization of mental health services. We explored the perceptions of general public of Karachi, Pakistan regarding psychotherapy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan during July-August, 2008. A three-step sampling strategy and a structured questionnaire were employed to survey knowledge and perceptions of adult general public about psychotherapy. Descriptive statistics were used for baseline characteristics. @entity2357 models were used to investigate any significant associations between baseline characteristics of the @entity1 and their perceptions. RESULTS: The study sample comprised of 985 individuals (536 males; 531 financially independent) with an average age of 36.7 years (SD 13.54 years) and 12.5 years (SD 3.09 years) of education were included. Majority (59.4%; n = 585) claimed to be aware of psychotherapy as a treatment option for @entity146 but 47.5% of these (n = 278/585) failed to identify its correct definition. Concerns voiced by the @entity1 about psychotherapy included stigma (48.7%) and breech in confidentiality (39.5%); 60.7% opined it cost effective and 86.5% favored its use as an adjuvant modality. A preference for psychotherapy as the treatment strategy for @entity146 was demonstrated by 46.6% (n = 459/985). Younger, more educated, financially independent and female @entity1 were more likely to prefer psychotherapy as were those who deemed it cost effective. CONCLUSION: Positive attitudes regarding the acceptability, clinical utility and cost-effectiveness of psychotherapy were observed in a sample representative of general public of Karachi, Pakistan. These findings highlight its potential utility for devising pragmatic mental health strategies in the face of limited resources.

title: Psychotherapy as a treatment modality for XXXX : Perceptions of general public of Karachi, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of @entity1875 -based anesthesia in gynecological laparoscopies in reducing incidences of @entity1209 compared to a standard anesthesia using @entity4490 / @entity5161 . DESIGN: Randomized single-blind (for anesthesia techniques used) and double-blind (for postoperative assessment) controlled trial. SETTING: Operation theater, postanesthesia recovery room, teaching hospital. @entity1 : Sixty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) I and II female @entity1 (aged 20-60 years) scheduled for gynecological laparoscopy were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 in Group A received standard anesthesia with @entity4490 for induction and maintenance with @entity5161 - @entity3575 , and those in Group B received @entity1875 for induction and maintenance along with @entity3575 . All @entity1 received @entity3810 , @entity3369 , and @entity1339 / @entity10445 . No @entity1 received elective preemptive antiemetic, but @entity1 did receive it after more than one episode of @entity391 . MEASUREMENTS: Assessment for incidence of @entity1209 as well as other recovery parameters were carried out over a period of 24 hours. MAIN RESULTS: Six @entity1 (20%) in Group A and seven @entity1 (23.3%) in Group B experienced @entity390 . Two @entity1 (6.66%) in Group B had @entity391 versus 12 (40%) in Group A (p<0.05). Overall, the incidence of @entity391 was 60% and 30% in Groups A and B, respectively (p<0.05). All @entity1 in Group B had significantly faster recovery compared with those in Group A. No @entity1 had any overt @entity532 . CONCLUSION: @entity1875 -based anesthesia was associated with @entity1209 and faster recovery compared to standard anesthesia in @entity1 undergoing gynecological laparoscopy.

title: Incidence of @entity1209 following gynecological laparoscopy: A comparison of standard anesthetic technique and XXXX infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity10445 :: ('MESH:D006024', 'Chemical') :: ['glycopyrrolate']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['significantly less postoperative vomiting', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the long-term outcome of @entity1 with @entity1662 ( @entity1662 ) such as @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) or @entity47 ( @entity47 ). We describe the disease course of a large group of @entity4420 @entity1 2-14 years after @entity75 . METHODS: In 102 @entity1 (59 @entity1442 , 43 @entity47 ), clinical and demographic variables from disorder onset were related to the @entity1 ' outcomes 2-14 years after discharge. Etiology, age at event, time since onset, gender, and home care versus institutional care were assessed as predictors and similarities and differences between @entity1442 and @entity47 determined. RESULTS: Seventy-one percent of the @entity1 had passed away or showed no improvement in condition. Twenty-nine percent regained @entity1662 and developed some communicative capacities. The time a syndrome persisted did not predict clinical outcome in either condition. Six @entity1 regained @entity1662 after more than 3 years. Of these, five had been @entity1442 (42% of recovered @entity1442 , three traumatic origins, one @entity5 , one @entity519 ) and one @entity47 (5% of recovered @entity47 , traumatic origin). In @entity1442 , younger @entity1 , those cared for at home, and in tendency those with traumatic origins, were more likely to recover. In @entity47 , no reliable outcome predictors were found. INTERPRETATION: Current predictors are too vague for single @entity1 predictions. This study identifies a subgroup of late-recovering @entity1 , casting doubt on the 12-month boundary, after which @entity1442 is stated to be permanent. Routine reexamination, use of more reliable outcome predictors and research determining optimal care settings are needed to inform the crucial decisions made for these @entity1 .

title: Will time heal? A long-term follow-up of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['unresponsive wakefulness syndrome', 'UWS']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['MCS', 'minimally conscious state']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of consciousness', 'consciousness', 'DOCs']

answer: @entity1662 :: (MESH:D003244,Disease) :: ['disorders of consciousness']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database, chart and medical imaging review. OBJECTIVES: To report on the outcome and evaluate possible risk factors for @entity260 following selective spinal fusion in @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity1615 who underwent either a selective thoracic or selective thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal fusion at our institution from January 2001 to December 2011 inclusive were included in this study. The minimum postoperative follow-up period of all @entity1 was 2  years. RESULTS: During the 11-year study period, 157 @entity1 with @entity1615 underwent surgery for their progressive @entity85 . Thirty @entity1 (19  %) had a selective spinal fusion, with 16 @entity1 (group A) having a selective thoracic, and 14 @entity1 (group B) having a selective thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal arthrodesis. In both groups the @entity260 were adding-on (25  % group A, 36  % group B) and coronal decompensation (25  % group A, 29  % group B). In group A, no statistically significant risk factors for @entity260 were identified. In group B, global coronal balance was identified as a significant risk factor for adding-on. @entity1 with adding-on had significantly higher coronal balance scores (mean 3.6) than those who did not experience adding-on (mean 1.9) (p  =  0.03). In addition, those with adding-on had a significantly smaller bending lumbar Cobb angle (mean 15) than those without adding-on (mean 31.6) (p  =  0.015). None of the @entity1 who underwent selective spinal fusion required revision surgery. CONCLUSION: Although the complication rate after performing a selective spinal fusion is high, the revision rate remains low and the debate whether or not to perform a selective spinal fusion will continue.

title: Selective fusion in XXXX : a radiographic evaluation of risk factors for imbalance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['main postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the treatment patterns, persistence and compliance, resource use, and associated costs, of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAI-AP), using the R  gie de l'assurance maladie du Qu  bec database. METHOD: @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity914 who were incident users of an LAI-AP prescribed between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2012, were selected. Concomitant use of oral APs and treatment persistence and compliance with LAI-AP were analyzed. @entity1 were considered compliant if they had a medication possession ratio (MPR) of at least 0.80. Health care resource use (HCRU) and associated costs were analyzed during the year before and after LAI-AP initiation. RESULTS: A total of 1992 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The average persistence with LAI-AP was 217.2 days (SD 144.2). The mean MPR with LAI-AP during the postinitiation year was 0.58 (SD 0.35), with 37.5% of @entity1 being compliant. In the preinitiation year, 29.0% of @entity1 were compliant with previous oral AP. In the pre- and postinitiation periods, 1484 and 958 @entity1 had at least 1 hospitalization, and hospitalized days were reduced by one-half (P < 0.001). Cost of HCRU, including medication, was significantly decreased from  24 382 (SD  27 234) to  13 090 (SD  16 987), respectively, in the pre- and postinitiation years (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The initiation of an LAI-AP improved treatment compliance, compared with previous oral APs, resulted in significantly lower HCRU and costs. The primary drivers were the reduction in the occurrence and days of hospitalizations.

title: Impact of Switching to Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics on Health Services Use in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: During acute @entity2348 such as @entity693 , neutrophils enter the tissue where they combat the infection before they undergo apoptosis and are taken up by macrophages. Neutrophils show pro-inflammatory activity and may contribute to tissue damage. In @entity2506 , @entity528 despite adequate chemotherapy is a frequent clinical finding. This damage may be due to excessive neutrophil activity. We here show that transgenic expression of @entity1379 in haematopoietic cells blocks the resolution of @entity32 following antibiotic therapy in a @entity19 model of @entity2506 . The persistence of neutrophil brain infiltrates was accompanied by high levels of @entity635 and @entity14541 as well as reduced levels of anti-inflammatory TGF-beta. Significantly, @entity1379 - @entity19 developed more severe disease that was dependent on neutrophils, characterized by pronounced vasogenic @entity4 , @entity1333 , brain @entity548 and higher clinical scores. In vitro analysis of neutrophils demonstrated that apoptosis inhibition completely preserves neutrophil effector function and prevents internalization by macrophages. The inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, @entity9363 induced apoptosis in neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. In wild type @entity19 treated with antibiotics, @entity9363 significantly improved the resolution of the @entity32 after @entity7706 and accelerated recovery. These results indicate that apoptosis is essential to turn off activated neutrophils and show that inflammatory activity and disease severity in a @entity281 can be modulated by targeting the apoptotic pathway in neutrophils.

title: Apoptosis is essential for neutrophil functional shutdown and determines tissue damage in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity9363 :: ('MESH:C104586', 'Chemical') :: ['roscovitine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity2506 :: (MESH:D008586,Disease) :: ['experimental pneumococcal meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether improvement of @entity60744 ( @entity4269 ) by @entity3403 is restricted to @entity1 with @entity281 (positive for circulating filarial antigen [ @entity3795 ]), or whether the majority of @entity3795 -negative @entity1 with @entity4269 would also show a reduction in @entity4269 severity. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two Ghanaian @entity1 with @entity4269 stage 1-5 (Dreyer) were randomized blockwise into 2 groups ( @entity3795 positive or negative) and allocated to 3 treatment arms of 6 weeks: (1) @entity115 (1000 mg/d), (2) @entity3403 (200 mg/d), or (3) placebo matching @entity3403 . All groups received standard hygiene morbidity management. The primary outcome was reduction of @entity4269 stages. Secondary outcomes included frequency of acute attacks and ultrasonographic assessment of skin thickness at the ankles. Parameters were assessed before treatment and after 3, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS: @entity3403 -treated @entity1 with @entity4269 stage 2-3 showed significant reductions in @entity4269 severity after 12 and 24 months, regardless of @entity3795 status. Improvement was observed in 43.9% of @entity3403 -treated @entity1 , compared with only 3.2% and 5.6% in the @entity115 and placebo arms, respectively. Skin thickness was correlated with @entity4269 stage improvement. Both @entity3403 and @entity115 were able to reduce acute dermatolymphangioadenitis attacks. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3403 treatment improves mild to moderate @entity4269 independent of @entity281 . This finding expands the benefits of @entity3403 to the entire population of @entity1 suffering from @entity4269 . @entity1 with @entity4269 stage 1-3 should benefit from a 6-week course of @entity3403 every other year or yearly, which should be considered as an improved tool to manage morbidity in filarial @entity4269 . Clinical Trials Registration.   ISRCTN 90861344.

title: @entity3403 improves filarial XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxycycline', 'doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing infection']

entities_list: @entity60744 :: ('MESH:D062846', 'Disease') :: ['filarial lymphedema']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['lymphedema independent of active filarial infection']


abstract: During the recent 5 years we had 29 @entity1 with @entity7593 and @entity8 complicated by a spontaneous @entity8 . This complication occurred during an anuric period in 18 @entity1 and within the first 24 hours of restored diuresis in 11 @entity1 . Major clinical presentations of the @entity8 were @entity490 , meteorism and symptoms of an internal @entity548 . Palpation revealed @entity1410 at the site of the @entity8 , tension of the anterior abdominal wall and symptomatic peritoneal irritation. Diagnosis of spontaneous @entity8 in @entity7594 ( @entity7594 ) relies on clinical, laboratory and ultrasound studies. Additional studies are plain urography and retroperitoneal diagnostic puncture of the affected site. Conservative therapy was given to 11 @entity1 with erythrocyte counts of 3 x 10(12)/l or higher. The treatment was operative in 18 @entity1 . Indications for surgery were progressive @entity417 , a palpable retroperitoneal @entity1410 and symptomatic peritoneal irritation. All @entity1 underwent evacuation of @entity4461 and ligation of the @entity8 . In the authors' opinion, renal decapsulation and pyelostomy are useful in this condition. Bilateral involvement and severe @entity177 are contraindications for nephrectomy in @entity7594 . It may be used only as a last resort in life-threatening @entity548 .

title: [Spontaneous rupture of the kidneys in @entity7593 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured kidney', 'renal syndrome', 'renal ruptures', 'kidney rupture']

entities_list: @entity7594 :: ('MESH:D006480', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever with the renal syndrome', 'HFRS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['deterioration of lumbar and abdominal pains']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal syndrome']


abstract: An 83-year-old @entity1 commuting to our hospital with postoperative ascending @entity694 was pointed out an increase of CA19-9. CT scan revealed an @entity1419 in the left lobe. In May 2007, an operation was performed. We recognized a lymph node swelling in the hepatoduodenal ligament. Pathologically, it was moderately differentiated @entity420 . Therefore, the operation did only the cholecystectomy. @entity136 was administered once a week for 3 weeks followed by a week rest. It was administered for about 20 months and the evaluation during the period was PR or @entity168 . Afterwards, the @entity5 had increased gradually. @entity136 was changed to @entity11730 . Then, @entity11730 was changed to @entity136 again because the @entity5 and the rise of @entity5 markers were observed. Consequently, @entity5 markers decreased. Now, the @entity1 is under an outpatient care maintaining ADL.

title: [A long-term survival case of unresectable XXXX treated with chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'enlargement of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acute @entity11410 is an @entity166 , which is characterized by sudden onset, serious clinical picture and with an uncertain outcome. @entity1662 are common in the course of acute @entity11410 . Consciousness is the heighest form of @entity1662 may include quantitative (somnolentia, sopor, @entity772 ) and qualitative symptoms ( @entity410 , twilight state). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated 63 @entity1 with acute @entity11410 . The youngest @entity1 was 15, and the oldest one 69 years of age. We examined the state of consciousness in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Of all examined @entity1 , 54 (85.72%) @entity1 had disturbances of consciousness, 9 (14.25%) @entity1 had no conciousness disturbances, 11 (17.46%) @entity1 had sopor and 24 (38.09%) @entity1 were in @entity772 . The highest percentage of lethal outcomes was recorded in @entity772 @entity1 (12.5%). The longer the duration of @entity1662 , the higher the mortality among these @entity1 . DISCUSSION: Subjective and objective factors cause different grades and duration of @entity1662 . The highest percentage of @entity1 who recovered without consequences was established in the group of @entity1 (81.82%) with @entity2147 . The highest percentage of @entity1 who recovered with consequences (20.8%) and @entity1 (12.5%) with lethal outcome was recorded in the group of @entity1 in @entity772 . These findings are in correlation with literature data.

title: [Altered state of consciousness as a factor affecting the course and consequences of acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['psychic life and consciousness disturbances', 'Disturbances of consciousness', 'consciousness disturbances']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity11410 :: (MESH:D018792,Disease) :: ['viral encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Valid tissue sampling of @entity2513 is crucial for their management in terms of treatment and follow-up. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a cold biopsy sample as representative for the whole polypectomy specimen, with regard to histopathological features. @entity1 AND METHODS: As part of the Norwegian @entity14 Prevention trial, 442 @entity1 (60% @entity1 ) who fulfilled the criterion of colonoscopic recovery of @entity652 that had been biopsied at flexible sigmoidoscopy, had their @entity652 subsequently removed by polypectomy (snare resection) at colonoscopy. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine which variables contributed to the histopathological discrepancy between cold biopsy and polypectomy specimens. RESULTS: Among the 532 @entity2513 biopsied at flexible sigmoidoscopy and removed by colonoscopy, the assessment of @entity5436 ( @entity1141 ) status was changed in 51 @entity652 (10%), and 38 (7%) of them had been underestimated at biopsy compared with polypectomy. Likewise, the assessment of villousness was changed in 45 @entity652 (9%), being upgraded in 26 (6%) at polypectomy compared with biopsy. In a multivariate model, the diameter of @entity5 at polypectomy was positively associated with increased risk of the underestimation of @entity5436 influencing a diagnosis of advanced @entity14 , when cold biopsy and polypectomy specimens were compared ( Ptrend=0.01). Among 56 cases of advanced @entity5 , 35 (63%) showed only low-grade @entity5436 on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy-based diagnosis underestimated histopathological diagnosis in about 10% of @entity2513 detected by flexible sigmoidoscopy screening, but advanced @entity5 was underestimated in more than 60%. Efforts must be made to obtain polypectomy specimens to secure precise diagnosis.

title: Biopsy of colorectal polyps is not adequate for grading of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia', 'intraepithelial neoplasia and/or villousness']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The short-term mortality benefit of lower tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for @entity1 with @entity647 /acute @entity649 (ALI/ @entity649 ) has been demonstrated in a large, multi-center randomized trial. However, the impact of LTVV and other critical care therapies on the longer-term outcomes of ALI/ @entity649 survivors remains uncertain. The Improving Care of ALI @entity1 (ICAP) study is a multi-site, prospective cohort study that aims to evaluate the longer-term outcomes of ALI/ @entity649 survivors with a particular focus on the effect of LTVV and other critical care therapies. METHODS: Consecutive mechanically ventilated ALI/ @entity649 @entity1 from 11 intensive care units (ICUs) at four hospitals in the city of Baltimore, MD, USA, will be enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Exposures ( @entity1 -based, clinical management, and ICU organizational) will be comprehensively collected both at baseline and throughout @entity1 ' ICU stay. Outcomes, including mortality, organ impairment, functional status, and quality of life, will be assessed with the use of standardized surveys and testing at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after ALI/ @entity649 diagnosis. A multi-faceted retention strategy will be used to minimize @entity1 loss to follow-up. RESULTS: On the basis of the historical incidence of ALI/ @entity649 at the study sites, we expect to enroll 520 @entity1 over two years. This projected sample size is more than double that of any published study of long-term outcomes in ALI/ @entity649 survivors, providing 86% power to detect a relative mortality hazard of 0.70 in @entity1 receiving higher versus lower exposure to LTVV. The projected sample size also provides sufficient power to evaluate the association between a variety of other exposure and outcome variables, including quality of life. CONCLUSION: The ICAP study is a novel, prospective cohort study that will build on previous critical care research to improve our understanding of the longer-term impact of ALI/ @entity649 , LTVV and other aspects of critical care management. Given the paucity of information about the impact of interventions on long-term outcomes for survivors of @entity3124 , this study can provide important information to inform clinical practice.

title: Study protocol: The Improving Care of XXXX @entity1 (ICAP) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2300 are associated to bad prognosis in @entity131 . We investigated the association between the side of pupil @entity5564 and the long-term cognitive performance of @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). METHODS: We analyzed the cognitive performance of @entity1 admitted at the intensive care unit with @entity2300 ( @entity2300 , n   =   28), @entity5564 ( @entity5564 , n   =   10), @entity5564 ( @entity5564 , n   =   9) evaluated in mean 2.5 years after the severe @entity131 and controls (n   =   26) matched for age, sex and education level. RESULTS: @entity1 and controls had similar scores in the four WAIS-III investigated subtests. In comparison with controls, @entity5564 @entity1 had lower scores in Letters and Category Fluency and @entity2300 @entity1 in Category Fluency. Among the 10 evaluated memory tests, @entity5564 @entity1 had lower scores than controls in eight, @entity5564 @entity1 in two and @entity2300 in three memory tests. @entity2300 and @entity5564 were 3.5 to nine times more associated to significant impairment (cognitive scores under the percentile 10 of controls) in six of 16 investigated cognitive tests. @entity5564 was six to 15 times more associated to significant @entity73 . The association among the @entity2300 and cognitive performances remained significant after the multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, admission coma Glasgow scale and serum @entity413 , presence of associated @entity130 , and cranial computed tomography abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Side of admission @entity2300 may be a useful variable to improve prognostic models for long-term cognitive performance in severe @entity131 @entity1 .

title: Side of @entity2300 predicts the cognitive prognosis in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in 10 of 16 cognitive tests']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupil abnormalities', "Pupils' abnormalities", 'IP', 'isochoric pupils']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['right mydriasis', 'mydriasis', 'left mydriasis', 'RM', 'LM']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity1007 are recognized complications of liver transplantation, but whether they contribute to the development of @entity65 is uncertain. We aimed first to determine the prevalence of risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) after liver transplantation and second to study the effect of liver transplantation on the predicted 10-year risk of developing @entity301 and the incidence of @entity65 in comparison with a matched local population. METHODS: Data on blood pressure, serum lipids, weight, @entity6 , smoking, and incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity64 were obtained retrospectively from the case notes of 181 consecutive adult liver transplant recipients (median follow-up 54 months). The Framingham coronary risk equations were used to calculate the 10-year probability of developing @entity301 . RESULTS: The prevalences of @entity101 and @entity1007 after transplantation were 77% and 62%, respectively. The predicted 10-year risk of @entity301 increased from 6.9% before transplantation to 11.5% at 1 year after transplantation, whereas that of a matched local population was 7%. Compared with a matched nontransplant population, the incidence ratios for @entity583 and @entity64 were 0.55 (95% confidence interval, 0.01-3.06 ) and 1.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.18-5.22), respectively. No @entity1 died from @entity583 or @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant recipients have a high prevalence of risk factors for @entity65 , exceeding that of the general population, and have a higher predicted risk of developing @entity301 . Despite this, there were no deaths from @entity301 or @entity64 during the study period.

title: Is there disparity between risk and incidence of XXXX after liver transplant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: Sarcoptes scabiei lives in the stratum corneum of its @entity1 host. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts are among the first cells to encounter the burrowing mite and its products. The aim of this study was to determine if molecules in an extract of @entity9250 modulate the expression of cytokines by keratinocytes and fibroblasts. @entity1 keratinocytes and fibroblasts were exposed to an extract of @entity9250 . canis in the absence or presence of @entity526 lipopolysaccharide. Cytokine expression was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Components in the @entity9250 extract induced marked increases in secretion of interleukin-6 ( @entity650 ) and vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 ) and slight increases in production of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor ( @entity1261 ) by keratinocytes. The @entity1908 extract down-regulated keratinocyte secretion of @entity1193 , but did not influence the production of @entity1192 or @entity1356 . In comparison, components in the @entity1908 extract induced marked increases in the elaboration of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity1261 , and @entity7 by fibroblasts. Neither cell type produced eotaxin, stem cell factor, or @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha under any of the conditions tested. This study demonstrates that components in an extract of the mite @entity9250 are able to influence cytokine expression by @entity1 keratinocytes and fibroblasts.

title: Modulation of cytokine expression in XXXX keratinocytes and fibroblasts by extracts of @entity1908 mites.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity9250 :: ('1930', 'Species') :: ['S. scabiei', 'S. scabiei var']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7647 is an important substrate for enterocyte and rapid proliferation cells. Studies have shown that parenteral supplementation of @entity7647 maintains the intracellular @entity7647 pool, improves @entity1568 balance and shortens hospital stay. However, some studies showed @entity7647 -supplemented TPN had no effect on restoring the @entity7647 pool in critically ill @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) dipeptide supplementation of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on postoperative @entity1568 balance and immune response of @entity1 undergoing surgery. METHODS: This study is a prospective, randomized double-blind clinical trial. APACHE II score and TISS were used to evaluate the @entity1 after admission. Forty-eight @entity1 with major abdominal surgery were allocated to two groups to receive isonitrogenous (0.228 g @entity1568 /kg/day) and isoenergetic (30 kcal/kg/day) TPN for 6 days. Two groups (Conv and @entity20553 ) were further divided to high (APACHE>or=6) and low (APACHE <6) groups. Control group (Conv) received 1.5 g @entity1522 /kg/day, whereas the @entity20553 group received 0.972 g @entity1522 /kg/day and 0.417 g of @entity20552 ( @entity20553 )/kg/day. Blood samples were collected on day 1 and day 6 after surgery for plasma @entity535 and @entity404 , @entity405 cell and T lymphocyte analysis. Cumulative @entity1568 balance were also measured on day 2, 3, 4, 5 postoperatively. RESULTS: Although there was a tendency to have better cumulative @entity1568 balance on the postoperative days in the @entity20553 group, no significant difference was observed between two groups. However, a better significant cumulative @entity1568 balance was observed on the 2nd, 3rd and 5th postoperative day in the @entity20553 group than in the Conv group in @entity1 with APACHE II <6, whereas no significant difference was noted in @entity1 with APACHE II >or= 6. No difference in urine @entity7981 excretion were observed between the 2 groups. @entity1 in the @entity20553 group had significant higher T lymphocyte and @entity404 cells than did those in the Conv group. CONCLUSION: TPN supplemented with @entity7647 dipeptide had beneficial effect on enhancing the immune response. However, the effect of @entity20553 administration on improving @entity1568 economy was only observed in @entity1 with low APACHE II scores. These results may indicate that @entity7647 required for reversing the @entity558 may depend on the characteristics and severity of the diseases.

title: The effect of @entity1160 -supplemented total parenteral nutrition on XXXX economy depends on severity of diseases in surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity20552 :: ('CHEBI:73788', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alanyl-L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['catabolic condition']

entities_list: @entity7981 :: ('CHEBI:70959', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylhistidine']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: Mature, untreated @entity5660 display a marked sex difference in the level and activity of the P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidase system with males demonstrating higher levels than females. This difference is accentuated in the trunk kidney, is specific for endogenous substrates such as @entity27146 and sex @entity230 , and is correlated with greater levels of the constitutive cytochrome P-450 isozyme, LM2. Using an immunohistochemical technique, the cellular localization of P-450 LM2 and P-450 LM4b, the major @entity11423 inducible isozyme, in the head and trunk kidney of male, female, and juvenile trout has been demonstrated. Immunostaining for P-450 @entity1 was observed in the cytoplasm of cells in the second portion (P2) of the proximal tubules of both male and female trout. In male fish, staining appeared to be more intense and involved most of the P2 segments in a tissue section. In female fish, P2 staining was moderate and involved fewer segments. Low staining intensity for P-450 LM4b was observed in the cytoplasm of cells both in the first portion of the proximal tubules and in P2 of male and female fish. Sexual dimorphism was not apparent. The finding of greater amounts of P-450 LM2 in males and low levels of P-450 LM4b in untreated male and female trout confirms previous biochemical studies. Localization of P-450 isozymes in the proximal tubules is consistent with findings in @entity1 species. Moderate immunostaining by anti-P-450 LM4b IgG also was observed in the interrenal cells of the head kidney of male, female, and juvenile trout.

title: Localization of cytochrome P-450 in the head and trunk kidney of XXXX ( @entity5660 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity11423 :: ('MESH:D019324', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-naphthoflavone']

entities_list: @entity27146 :: ('MESH:C030358', 'Chemical') :: ['lauric acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe @entity1 ' perceptions of minimum worthwhile and desired reductions in @entity158 upon commencing treatment for @entity1643 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive study nested within a community-based randomized controlled trial on prolotherapy injections and exercises. @entity1 : A total of 110 @entity1 with @entity1643 . Interventions. Prior to treatment, @entity1 were asked what minimum percentage reductions in @entity158 would make treatment worthwhile and what percentage reductions in @entity158 they desired with treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES: Minimum worthwhile reductions and desired reductions in @entity158 . RESULTS: Median (inter-quartile range) minimum worthwhile reductions were 25% (20%, 50%) for @entity158 and 35% (20%, 50%) for disability. This compared with desired reductions of 80% (60%, 100%) for @entity158 and 80% (50%, 100%) for disability. The internal consistency between @entity158 responses was high (Spearman's coefficient of association of 0.81 and 0.87, respectively). A significant association existed between minimum worthwhile reductions and desired reductions, but no association was found between these two factors and @entity1 age, gender, @entity158 severity or duration, disability, @entity148 , @entity308 , response to treatment, or treatment satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Inquiring directly about @entity1 ' expectations of reductions in @entity158 and in disability is important in establishing realistic treatment goals and setting benchmarks for success. There is a wide disparity between the reductions that they regard as minimum worthwhile and reductions that they hope to achieve. However, there is a high internal consistency between reductions in @entity158 that they expect.

title: Defining worthwhile and desired responses to treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and disability', 'pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Inhaled @entity288 (ICSs) are of proven benefit in the treatment of chronic @entity565 ; however, their role in the management of acute @entity565 is unclear. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials involving @entity1 or adults treated in the emergency department for acute @entity565 with or without the addition of ICSs. Outcome measures included hospital admission, pulmonary function tests, and side effects. RESULTS: Seven trials were selected for inclusion in the primary analyses. ICSs versus placebo were compared; data were not available on 1 of these trials. In the remaining 6 trials, a total of 352 @entity1 were studied (179 ICS-treated and 173 non-ICS-treated @entity1 ). Two trials compared ICSs plus systemic @entity288 versus placebo plus systemic @entity288 ; 4 trials compared ICSs versus placebo. @entity1 treated with ICSs were less likely to be admitted to the hospital (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16 to 0.57) and showed small improvements in peak expiratory flows (weighted mean difference 8%; 95% CI 3% to 13%) Overall, the treatment was well tolerated, with few reports of adverse side effects. A secondary analysis compared ICSs alone versus systemic @entity288 alone; in the 4 included trials, significant heterogeneity between the study results for admission rates precluded meaningful pooling of admission data. CONCLUSION: There is evidence of decreased admission rates for @entity1 with acute @entity565 treated with ICSs. However, there is insufficient evidence that ICS therapy results in clinically important changes in pulmonary function when used in acute @entity565 , and there is insufficient evidence that ICSs alone are as effective as systemic @entity288 .

title: The effectiveness of inhaled XXXX in the emergency department treatment of acute @entity565 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor activation has been demonstrated to play an important role in the processing of spinal nociceptive information and in the determination of the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of inhalational anesthetics. @entity12745 ( @entity12745 )/ @entity29241 ( @entity29241 ), a molecular scaffolding protein that binds and clusters the @entity143 receptor perferentially at synapses, was implicated in @entity143 -induced thermal @entity1931 . The current study investigated the possible involvement of @entity12745 /SAP9O in determining MAC for @entity5161 anesthesia. METHODS: @entity35 were pretreated intrathecally with @entity12745 / @entity29241 antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN), sense ODN, missense ODN, or saline every 24 h for 4 days. After initial baseline determination of the MAC, @entity143 or saline was injected intrathecally. Ten minutes later, MAC measurement was repeated. The @entity35 also were evaluated for the presence of @entity717 by intrathecal administration of @entity143 or saline in the saline- and ODN-treated @entity35 . RESULTS: In the groups treated with antisense ODNs, but not in those treated with sense or missense ODNs, there was a significant decrease in @entity5161 MAC that was not accompanied by marked changes in either blood pressure or heart rate. In the saline-treated group, intrathecal @entity143 caused an increase in @entity5161 MAC. In contrast, in the antisense ODN-treated group, intrathecal @entity143 did not produce a significant change in @entity5161 MAC. An @entity143 -induced @entity101 but not heart rate was found in both saline- and antisense ODN-treated groups. Locomotor activity was not changed in any of the treated animals. CONCLUSION: The results indicate not only a significant decrease in MAC for @entity5161 but also an attenuation in the @entity143 -induced increase in @entity5161 MAC in the @entity12745 / @entity29241 antisense-treated animals, which suggests that @entity12745 / @entity29241 may mediate the role of the @entity143 receptor in determining the MAC of inhalational anesthetics.

title: Effect of the deficiency of spinal @entity12745 / @entity29241 on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of @entity5161 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Aim: Intracranial @entity731 major @entity2791 (IMAS) is associated with a high risk of @entity385 . Carotid ultrasound (US) has been widely used to evaluate an individual's @entity731 , but no information is available on whether the carotid US findings are associated with IMAS progression. The aim of the present study was to identify the associations among traditional risk factors, the duplex carotid US findings and IMAS progression in @entity1 with varying degrees of @entity2998 . Methods: All @entity1 who underwent a set of imaging studies (MRI, MRA and carotid US) in our outpatient clinic were screened. A total of 101 @entity1 with a mean age of 75.0  10.6 years, who received the same imaging studies with a mean interval of two years, were studied. In each @entity1 , the extent of @entity850 of three arteries (both middle cerebral arteries [MCAs] and the basilar artery [BA]) was classified into five grades. The total score of the three arteries was calculated as the global @entity850 score (GSS). The progression of IMAS was defined as worsening of @entity850 by >= 1 grade on final MRA. The maximum IMT (maxIMT), plaque findings and @entity543 were measured by carotid US. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of IMAS progression. Results: Follow-up MRA revealed IMAS progression in 12 @entity1 (11.9%). The logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the baseline GSS (p=0.008) and @entity543 >= 70% on the baseline carotid US (p=0.023) were significantly associated with IMAS progression. Conclusions: The baseline severity of intracranial and extracranial @entity731 was significantly associated with the progression of IMAS.

title: Progression of Intracranial Major XXXX is Associated with Baseline Carotid and Intracranial Atherosclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic burden', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Artery Stenosis']


abstract: Between June 1981 and May 1990, 11 @entity1 with recurrent locally advanced @entity189 were treated with heavy charged particle radiation at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. All @entity1 had previously undergone full course radiotherapy to a median dose of 70.2 Gy [range 61-81 Gy]. Median time to recurrence was 18.2 months. At the time of heavy charged particle radiotherapy treatment, all had evidence of invasion of the base of skull and 7 of 11 had @entity129 . None of the @entity1 were candidates for brachytherapy because of @entity5 extent or poor geometry. The @entity5 histology was @entity957 in 10 @entity1 and lymphoepithelioma in one @entity1 . Ten of the 11 @entity1 had received chemotherapy prior to re-irradiation. The heavy charged particle @entity5 dose delivered ranged from 31.80 GyE to 62.30 GyE (average 50.25 GyE, median 50 GyE). Local control was achieved in 45%. Median survival was 42 months. Actuarial survival was 59% at 3 years and 31% at 5 years (Kaplan-Meier). There were no fatal complications. The results in treating locally advanced recurrent @entity189 with heavy charged particles appear superior to those reported by others using photon therapy.

title: Recurrent locally advanced XXXX treated with heavy charged particle irradiation.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: In the present study two medicinal herbs Linum persicum and Euphorbia cheiradenia that are native to Iran were tested for their possible anticancer effect and induction of apoptosis on @entity1 @entity5 cell lines including @entity1778 cell lines. METHODS: The effect of methanolic extracts of the herbs on the inhibition of cell proliferation was assessed by @entity98 colorimetric assay. K562 and Jurkat cell lines treated with the extracts were analyzed for the induction of apoptosis by flow cytometry using @entity2667 staining. DNA fragmentation analysis was performed. RESULTS: Various concentrations of L. persicum and E. cheiradenia showed inhibitory effects on different cell lines. Two leukemic lines including K562 and Jurkat were the most sensitive cells for L. persicum with IC50 of 0.1 and 10 mug/ml, respectively. In the cultures of @entity5 cell lines treated with E. cheiradenia, the main inhibitory effects was for Jurkat cells with IC50 of 12.5 microg/ml. Results indicated a dose-dependent accumulation of cells in the sub-G1 phase. Study of internucleosomal DNA fragmentation showed a typical DNA laddering in agarose gels for both extracts. CONCLUSION: The present study showed cytotoxic activity of both herbs on @entity5 cell lines and suggests that this effect may in part be due to the induction of apoptosis in leukemic cells.

title: Induction of apoptosis in XXXX cell lines by Linum persicum and Euphorbia cheiradenia.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']