abstract: Primary @entity6887 is uncommon; optimal primary treatment is still not well defined, and little information is available about the efficacy of @entity900 -based combination chemotherapy. Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity6887 were treated with @entity786 (500 mg/m2), @entity632 (50 mg/m2), and @entity900 (50 mg/m2) ( @entity9527 ). Thirty-two @entity1 received the combination chemotherapy as first-line treatment after cytoreductive surgery, whereas six subjects were treated for recurrent disease. The @entity1 received a median of six cycles of therapy (range, four to nine). At the initiation of chemotherapy, 24 @entity1 had measurable lesions. In this group of @entity1 , 15 had a clinical @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), four had a partial response (PR), three had @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and two had @entity74 ( @entity74 ) after chemotherapy. The overall clinical response rate ( @entity1939 + PR) was 80%. Ten of the 14 @entity1939 @entity1 who were submitted to second-look operation (SLO) were found free of disease, in pathologic @entity1939 (pCR). Three pCR @entity1 relapsed, and two of them died despite second-line treatment. Nine @entity1 achieving PR, @entity66 , and @entity74 after first-line chemotherapy were further treated (five with chemotherapy, two with radiotherapy, two with @entity42287 ), but none responded to second-line treatment and all died (median survival, 9 months). Fourteen @entity1 without gross @entity66 after cytoreductive surgery had no measurable lesions and were not evaluable for response. Seven of them had negative SLO and remain disease free. Three @entity1 (two stage III and one stage II) who refused SLO relapsed 14, 16, and 26 months after completion of chemotherapy. The median survival for the entire group was 38 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 35%. The @entity137 of the regimen was moderate. The @entity9527 regimen appears to be active in @entity6887 and yields response rates comparable to those reported for @entity43 .

title: XXXX with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['primary fallopian tube carcinoma', 'fallopian tube carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['complete response', 'CR']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity42287 :: ('CHEBI:17026', 'Chemical') :: ['progesteron']

answer: @entity6887 :: (MESH:D005185,Disease) :: ['Treatment of fallopian tube carcinoma']


abstract: In @entity4837 , high levels of unconjugated @entity648 (UCB) may induce @entity51 (BIND). Recently, it was observed that UCB induces alterations on brain microvasculature, which may facilitate its entrance into the brain, but little is known about the steps involved. To evaluate if UCB damages the integrity of @entity1 brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), we used 50 or 100  M UCB plus human serum albumin, to mimic the neuropathological conditions where levels of UCB free species correspond to moderate and severe @entity4837 , respectively. Our results point to a biphasic response of HBMEC to UCB depending on time of exposure. The early response includes increased number of caveolae and @entity5689 expression, as well as upregulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its receptor 2 ( @entity319 ) with no alterations of the paracellular permeability. In contrast, effects by sustained @entity3638 are the reduction in @entity11178 and @entity3546 levels and thus of tight junctions (TJ) strands and cell-to-cell contacts. In addition, reduction of the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased paracellular permeability are observed, revealing loss of the barrier properties. The 72 h of HBMEC exposure to UCB triggers a cell response to the stressful stimulus evidenced by increased autophagy. In this later condition, the UCB intracellular content and the detachment of both viable and non-viable cells are increased. These findings contribute to understand why the duration of @entity3638 is considered one of the risk factors of BIND. Indeed, facilitated brain entrance of the free UCB species will favor its parenchymal accumulation and @entity51 .

title: Time-dependent dual effects of high levels of unconjugated @entity648 on the XXXX blood-brain barrier lining.

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. The use of @entity214 electrophoresis as a tool for the analysis of development processes in @entity1 has been evaluated. 2. The protein profiles of @entity299 from foetal (10--24 weeks gestation) @entity1 and adult specimens have been analysed and striking developmental changes were found which involved all the major proteins. 3. Before 20 weeks gestation the soluble protein profile of skeletal muscle appears to consist largely of extracellular proteins. 4. @entity5632 was found in foetal cardiac muscle from 20 weeks gestation but was not demonstrable in foetal (greater than 24 weeks) skeletal muscle. Foetal and adult @entity5632 were indistinguishable. 5. A limited survey of the protein patterns of brain, liver and kidney was carried out. In general these tissues show @entity121 .

title: Developmental changes in the protein profiles of XXXX @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity5632 :: ('4151', 'Gene') :: ['Myoglobin', 'myoglobin']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['less developmental change than skeletal or cardiac muscle']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat @entity14 ( @entity14 ), including @entity1487 plus @entity4181 in combination with @entity2600 (FOLFIRI) or @entity901 (FOLFOX), are administered on an every-other-week (q2w) dosing schedule. Chemotherapy in combination with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) directed toward the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) has emerged as an effective treatment option. There are currently 2 anti- @entity470 mAbs approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration: cetuximab and panitumumab. Mutations of @entity984 , a downstream protein in the @entity470 pathway, predict resistance to @entity470 mAbs. Thus, cetuximab and panitumumab are indicated for @entity1 without a @entity984 mutation ( @entity984 wild-type). Whereas panitumumab is approved on a q2w dosing schedule, cetuximab is approved as a weekly dose. However, only cetuximab is approved with FOLFIRI for frontline metastatic @entity14 , whereas panitumumab is approved for third-line. Because concomitant therapies are often administered q2w, the weekly dosing of cetuximab results in additional medical office visits. DESIGN: Several studies have assessed the safety and efficacy of cetuximab q2w. For this review, a comprehensive literature search of studies evaluating cetuximab q2w dosing was conducted. Safety and efficacy results of these trials and retrospective analyses were summarized and reviewed. RESULTS: In general, results with cetuximab q2w were comparable to those obtained with the weekly regimen. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that for @entity1 for whom weekly treatment with cetuximab presents a substantial burden to their quality of life, q2w dosing of cetuximab is a viable treatment option with a benefit:risk profile similar to that of the weekly regimen.

title: Alternate dosing of cetuximab for @entity1 with metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Studies in the past have clearly established that @entity4386 is a susceptible gene for @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ). However, association studies between @entity4386 and the risk of developing @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) in @entity2743 @entity1 have shown conflicting results. In this study, associations of five @entity4386 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity36430 , @entity22093 , @entity22094 , @entity36431 , @entity36432 ) with @entity2743 risk and @entity6875 susceptibility in @entity2743 @entity1 were investigated in a Chinese population. Our results showed that either @entity12402 or @entity36432 polymorphism was associated with @entity2743 susceptibility in the Chinese population. Significant differences in the distribution of the genotypes or alleles evaluated between @entity2743 @entity1 with and without clinically evident @entity6875 were only found for @entity22094 polymorphism (P = 0.03). Multiple logistic regressions revealed that the -318T allele was negatively associated with @entity6875 under both additive and dominant genetic models (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95%CI 0.35-0.89, P = 0.014; adjusted OR = 0.51, 95%CI 0.30-0.84, P = 0.009, respectively). Stratification analysis according to gender demonstrated different scenarios concerning the role of the -318T allele in @entity6875 risk: a significant protective role for @entity6875 was only confirmed in male but not in female @entity2743 @entity1 . Haplotype analyses showed that only the haplotypes containing the -318T allele played a protective role in @entity6875 . In conclusion, results from this study suggested that the -318T allele might play a protective role in @entity6875 susceptibility for @entity2743 @entity1 at least in the Chinese population. However, extended analyses with larger sample size should be carried out in @entity1 from different ethnic origins to further verify this association.

title: The common @entity22094 polymorphism in the promoter region of @entity4386 gene is associated with reduced risk of XXXX in Chinese Graves' @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cigarette smoking is related to many pathological conditions; however, chemical substances affect the oral cavity first, so it is important to consider its influence on oral mucosa and oral potentially pre-malignant lesions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of smoking on microvessel density in @entity8619 . Special emphasis was placed on examining the relationship between the expression of @entity1916 receptor in blood vessels and smoking habits. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 34 @entity1 with @entity8619 diagnosed clinically and verified by histopathological examination and 12 healthy individuals as controls. Biopsy of oral mucosa was performed and specimens were examined for immunohistochemical @entity2280 and @entity1916 receptor expression. The microvessel density was established by evaluation of the five most vascular areas within a section. RESULTS: Compared to normal oral mucosa, in @entity9338 @entity1 , significantly higher blood vessel density and @entity1916 expression were noted. Irregular distribution of microvessels was typical for @entity8619 . Also, microvessel density was higher in cigarette smoking @entity1 ' tissues than in non-smoker specimens. Furthermore, the association of @entity1916 expression with smoking habit was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking habit has a direct impact on the @entity8619 ; therefore, close follow-up of these @entity1 is mandatory.

title: Cigarette smoking induces overexpression of XXXX receptor in microvessels of @entity8619 .

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['oral lichen planus course', 'oral lichen planus']

answer: @entity1916 :: (4233,Gene) :: ['c-Met']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cribriform @entity420 and minor salivary glands (CAMSG) was first described 16 years ago. It typically presents as a mass at the base of the tongue with early spread to lymph nodes, but without potential for distant @entity3 . In the 2005 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors the entity was classified as a possible variant of polymorphous low-grade @entity420 (PLGA). Since then, more than 40 cases have been described in the English literature. Recently, @entity19404 -3 translocation was found in more than 80% of CAMSGs. In some of those cases @entity10161 or @entity33510 was the translocation partner. We reviewed 183 primary @entity189 of major and minor salivary glands, resected at the Medical University of @entity235  sk, Poland, in the period 1992-2012, and identified only one case of CAMSG. @entity5 developed at the base of the tongue in a 76-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 was resected with multiple bilateral cervical lymph node @entity3 . The @entity1 received radiotherapy but died 10 months after the surgery due to causes not related to the primary @entity5 . The @entity5 presented @entity36026 rearrangement as confirmed by FISH. As the @entity5 is extremely rare (it represented only 0.5% of @entity5 in our series), the controversy on its nosological status is still unresolved. This is the first report in the world literature of a @entity1 who died in the course of CAMSG.

title: Giant cribriform XXXX showing @entity36026 rearrangement.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'A giant tumor', 'primary tumor', 'salivary gland tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the tongue']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the tongue']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1689 , common bile duct obstruction is reported in 3.2-45.6% of @entity1 ; however, only 5-10% of all @entity1 with @entity1689 require operative decompression of the bile duct. The cause of the intrapancreatic stricture of the common bile duct may be either a fibrotic inflammatory restriction, or compression by a pseudocyst. Obstruction of the duodenum is much less common than common bile duct obstruction in @entity1689 occurring in less than 1-2% of @entity1 with @entity1689 . @entity694 secondary to @entity788 is very infrequent. The intrapancreatic strictures of @entity1689 are characteristically smooth and tapering on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but in some @entity1 , they may have a sharp cut-off and closely resemble the appearance of @entity788 invading the bile duct. The natural history of these intrapancreatic strictures is variable. They may progress and be associated with @entity255 , @entity2835 , common duct stones, or may remain stable for years or regress. Prior pancreaticojejunostomy is not protective against the development of @entity253 which may follow in 5-30% of @entity1 , with most authors reporting an incidence of less than 10%. Evaluation of alkaline phosphatase, @entity648 , the presence of @entity1087 , or the appearance of an intrapancreatic stricture on ERCP is not predictive of whether @entity255 or @entity2835 may or may not develop. The incidence of @entity255 and @entity2835 in @entity1 with intrapancreatic stricture is 9.4% and 7.3%, respectively. @entity82 occurs in a similar number of @entity1 . Operation is indicated in @entity1 with intrapancreatic strictures of the common bile duct in association with @entity1689 in @entity1 developing @entity255 , @entity2835 , common duct stones, progression of the stricture, persistent high elevations of alkaline phosphatase and/or @entity648 for over a month or inability to rule out @entity788 or periampullary region. The operation of choice is choledochoduodenostomy or Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy to bypass the obstructed intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct. Persistent duodenal obstruction for over 3 or 4 weeks is an indication for gastrojejunostomy. @entity158 is not a feature of common bile duct obstruction in the absence of @entity255 . In the presence of @entity158 associated with @entity1689 , longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy is the operation of choice combined with Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy. Some of the newer operations, e.g., the Beger and Frey procedures, may make the necessity of a separate operation for biliary decompression superfluous.

title: Treatment of XXXX complicated by obstruction of the common bile duct or duodenum.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas', 'cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ["Laennec's cirrhosis"]

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['intrapancreatic biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['chronic pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the mechanism of the pressor action of the chemotactic peptide @entity5037 in the blood perfused Langendorff preparation of the isolated @entity95 heart; and in particular to establish whether the response was dependent on the presence of neutrophils and whether the release of platelet activating factor contributed to the pressor effect. METHODS: An isolated @entity95 heart was perfused with blood from an anesthetised support @entity95 . @entity5037 was injected intra-arterially proximal to the isolated heart and measures of cardiac performance recorded. In some experiments the support animal was depleted of neutrophils by pretreatment with @entity3700 while in others the specific platelet activating factor receptor antagonist @entity6849 was given to the support animal before @entity5037 . Differential blood cell counts were determined throughout the course of each experiment. Each heart was examined histologically after the experiment. RESULTS: @entity5037 caused a significant rise in perfusion pressure which was virtually abolished by leucocyte depletion of the support animal. The response could also be reduced by about 80% with intravenous @entity6849 . Histological examination of the perfused hearts showed that the number of accumulated neutrophils was very variable and not correlated with the rise in perfusion pressure. There was no significant difference between control hearts and those receiving @entity6849 . CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm previous reports that the response to @entity5037 is neutrophil dependent and show that this model of a blood perfused heart can be used successfully to examine the response to a leucocyte dependent stimulus. The results also suggest that the response to @entity5037 may not only be due to physical obstruction of the coronary circulation or "neutrophil plugging", but may also be due to the release of platelet activating factor.

title: XXXX inhibits neutrophil dependent increases in coronary resistance in blood perfused @entity95 heart.

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine', 'formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

answer: @entity6849 :: (MESH:C052518,Chemical) :: ['WEB 2086']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the evolution of 8 cases of @entity99 diagnosed before the first month of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of @entity600 of the portal and hepatic venous system diagnosed prenatally or during the first month of life in our institution were systematically reviewed since November 2000. Clinical features, imaging, and anatomical findings were reviewed, focusing primarily on clinical and radiologic evolution. RESULTS: Eight cases of @entity600 of the @entity99 were studied. Fifty percent of these @entity600 were diagnosed prenatally. We report 4 portosystemic shunts. Three involuted spontaneously, and the fourth one required surgical treatment. We report a variation of the usual anatomy of portal and hepatic veins that remained asymptomatic, an @entity384 of a vitelline vein causing @entity715 that needed prompt surgical treatment with good result, a complex portal and hepatic @entity1211 treated operatively, and a persistent right umbilical vein that remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of @entity99 is uncommon. Little is known about the postnatal prognosis. Clinical, biologic, and radiologic follow-up by ultrasonography is essential to distinguish pathologic situations from normal anatomical variants.

title: Evolution of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system', 'umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system', 'malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous network']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformation']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['congenital malformations of the umbilical-portal-hepatic venous system']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) is characterized by vascular @entity715 and multisystem involvement associated with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies testing. There is limited literature regarding risk factors for development of @entity715 and long-term @entity715 outcomes in pediatric @entity1701 . The objective of our study was to review our institutional experience with pediatric @entity1701 and @entity715 outcomes. We conducted a 20-year retrospective review to study the clinical features, management, and long-term outcomes of @entity1 between ages 6 months and 18 years diagnosed with @entity1701 . Seventeen @entity1 (7 female; 10 male), with median age at first @entity715 being 15.3 years (range: 0.63-17.98 years) were included. The median follow-up period was 4.3 years (range: 0.8-16.9 years). @entity49 was noted in 11 @entity1 (64.7%) with arterial events occurring in six @entity1 (35.3%). Nine (53%) @entity1 were noted to have primary @entity1701 . Recurrent and/or progressive @entity715 events occurred in 10 @entity1 (58.8%), which is higher than reported literature. The median time for recurrence/progression was 1.4 years (range: 0.37-11.85 years). At the time of recurrence/progression, only two (20%) @entity1 were at therapeutic levels of anticoagulation. The high recurrence rate with majority of @entity1 not being on therapeutic levels of anticoagulation at the time of the event along with 60% of recurrent events occurring at least 1 year from first vascular event suggests the possible need for long-term anticoagulation. However, larger pediatric studies are required to assess the need for long-term/indefinite anticoagulation.

title: A retrospective review of pediatric @entity1701 and XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Clinically, it is known that: (1) @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) supplementation relieves premenstrual problems (e.g., @entity2704 , bloating and @entity4 ) occurring in the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle; and (2) @entity2704 , particularly in @entity1 , are associated with deficits in brain and serum ionized @entity4612 levels. We investigated whether concentrations of sex @entity479 hormones, found in the serum during the menstrual cycle of @entity1 , are associated with changes in the levels of cytosolic free @entity1760 ions ([ @entity1025 ]i in single cultured @entity235 cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells. The resting level of [ @entity1025 ]i in these cells was 645 +/- 89 microM before exposure to sex @entity479 hormones. Exposure of these vascular cells to a low concentration of @entity172 (10 pg/ml) failed to interfere with the levels of [ @entity1025 ]i. However, exposure to @entity172 , at concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 pg/ml, induced significant loss of [ @entity1025 ]i in a concentration-dependent manner. At a concentration of 200 pg/ml @entity172 , the level of [ @entity1025 ]i decreased approximately 30% in comparison with controls. @entity1420 produced biphasic effects on the levels of [ @entity1025 ]i, depending on its concentration. Exposure of the cultured cells to a low concentration of @entity1420 (0.5 ng/ml) resulted in an increased level of [ @entity1025 ]i (from 690 +/- 50 microM to 753 +/- 56 microM, p < 0.05). However, when these cells were exposed to higher concentrations of @entity1420 (i.e., from 5.0 to 20 ng/ml), the cellular levels of [ @entity1025 ]i were decreased significantly. The higher the @entity172 or @entity1420 concentration, the lower the levels of [ @entity1025 ]i. In contrast, @entity251 , a male hormone, didn't produce any significant alteration in [ @entity1025 ]i levels in these cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells. These data indicate that low, physiological concentrations of female sex hormones, @entity172 and @entity1420 , help cerebral vascular smooth cells sustain normal concentrations of [ @entity1025 ]i, which are beneficial to vascular function, whereas high levels of @entity172 and @entity1420 deplete, significantly, [ @entity1025 ]i in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells, possibly resulting in cerebrovasospasms and reduced cerebral blood flows related to @entity3010 , @entity2704 and @entity64 risk. Our findings could provide new insight into the mechanism whereby @entity2704 occurs frequently in the late luteal phase in the @entity3010 . In addition, our results demonstrate that female sex @entity230 but not @entity251 (in physiologic concentrations) can exert direct effects on [ @entity1025 ]i in cerebral vascular cells.

title: Sex @entity479 hormones exert biphasic effects on cytosolic @entity1760 ions in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells: possible relationships to @entity2704 frequency in XXXX and @entity64 incidence.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['migraine', 'migraine syndromes']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual syndromes', 'premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['premenstrual syndromes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the healthcare resource utilization and their associated costs secondary to fasciectomy of @entity2074 ( @entity2074 ) treated under usual medical practice in Spain. METHODS: This multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study, extracted data through the revision of medical records of three tertiary public hospitals. Each center should recruit 40 @entity1 operated for @entity2074 , as principal diagnose of Minimum Data Set, in which the surgical procedure conducted was fasciectomy, during 2007-2009. To collect all the resources used during surgery, a specific chart form was designed. Demographic (age, gender, occupational status), clinical (stage of contracture and comorbilities) and healthcare utilization (hospitalizations, medical visits, tests, drugs) data were collected under medical routine. Comparisons between stage of contracture grouped (I: stage N, 1 _ 2; II: stage 3 _ 4) and centers were made. RESULTS: A total of 123 subjects (52% group I; 86.2% @entity1 ; 35.8% active workers) were identified. 81.3% of @entity1 presented at least one comorbidity, being @entity101 the most frequent. 28.4% of @entity1 were operated in ambulatory surgery and 71.6% hospitalized. All the @entity1 had follow-up visits after surgery, 27% needed physical therapy, 88% performed preoperative tests and 8% visit the emergency room after surgery. Healthcare mean (SD) costs were as follows: fasciectomy    1,074 (0); hospitalizations    978 (743); ambulatory    186 (10); follow-up visits    260 (173); emergency rooms    13 (53); tests    78(43); drugs    7 (9); physical therapy    46 (134). Mean total costs were    2,250 (839). There were no significant differences between study groups grouped by stage of contracture. However, the center and the severity of the CD seem explanatory variables of cost, p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare resources utilization for surgical treatment of @entity2074 may cost    2,250 (839) per fasciectomy treated under usual medical practice.

title: [Utilization of health care resources and cost associated to fasciectomy in XXXX in Spain].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['Dupuytren s disease', "Dupuytren's disease", 'DD']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's disease']


abstract: We report the results of a randomized multicenter study comparing the efficacy of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) with that of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) as first-line therapy for @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ). @entity1 were randomized to receive ATG and @entity229 (PDN) or @entity870 ; hematologic response and @entity137 were compared. At 3-month evaluation, @entity1 who had no or minimal response received the alternative therapy to assess the value of a sequential immunosuppressive therapy for treatment of @entity2150 . One hundred nineteen @entity1 were randomized; 25 were excluded, of whom 3 were misdiagnosed and 22 did not follow the cross-over protocol. Ninety-four @entity1 were analyzed; 46 received @entity870 , and 48 received ATG-PDN. The actuarial survival was 66.7%, with a median follow-up time of 19 months. There was no significant difference in survival between the groups with, at 3 months, an actuarial survival of 88% in the @entity870 group and 75% in the ATG group (NS); at 12 months, it was 70% in the @entity870 group and 64% in the ATG group (NS). The percentage of complete and partial response was 11.6% and 16%, respectively, at 3 months, and 31.6% and 30%, respectively, at 12 months (NS). The main prognostic factor was the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at entry: @entity1 with ANC less than 0.2 x 10(9)/L had a significantly lower survival as compared with @entity1 with more than 0.2 x 10(9)/L ANC (P = .0001). At 12 months, 62 evaluable @entity1 were alive, with a complete or partial response in 36 @entity1 . @entity1 who had responded to the first treatment had a better recovery of @entity2131 than those who had sequential immunosuppression. The main complication was @entity281 , which was more often observed and more often lethal during ATG and PDN therapy. In this study, initial treatment of @entity2150 with either @entity870 or ATG-PDN followed by cross-over therapy for nonresponders produced comparable response and survival rates.

title: Multicenter randomized study comparing XXXX alone and antithymocyte globulin with @entity229 for treatment of @entity2150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine-A']


abstract: It has been proposed that the @entity55 and subsequent lung @entity82 induced by @entity1732 occurs when @entity1732 is complexed with ferrous @entity68 and @entity26 . In order to see whether chelation of free @entity68 reduced tissue damage induced by intratracheal @entity1732 , @entity5532 ( @entity10775 ) was administered by continuous subcutaneous infusion to overcome its rapid renal excretion. Thirty-three @entity35 received @entity10775 and 30 @entity35 received an equivalent volume of saline by 7-day infusion pumps. Three days after commencement of infusion, half of each group received intratracheal @entity1732 , the remainder received intratracheal saline. Three weeks after intratracheal injection, the @entity35 were killed and their lungs were removed for histologic and morphometric assessment and collagen estimation. When compared with animals given intratracheal saline, both @entity1732 -treated groups had significant evidence of @entity358 , but @entity10775 was not protective. Similarly, @entity10775 infusion did not reduce the elevation in collagen concentration ( @entity1732 /saline, 49 +/- 3.6; @entity1732 / @entity10775 , 49.8 +/- 4.1; saline/saline, 39.6 +/- 3.9; saline/ @entity10775 , 43.4 +/- 3.8 mg.g-1 wet lung weight) or total lung collagen ( @entity1732 /saline, 29.9 +/- 6.3; @entity1732 / @entity10775 , 33.7 +/- 1.8; saline/saline, 15.5 +/- 2.2; saline/ @entity10775 , 17.8 +/- 1.9 mg.left lung-1) induced by @entity1732 . This lack of effect was not due to @entity68 contamination of the @entity10775 in the pump or to loss of chelation capacity of @entity10775 , at least for as long as 6 days after pump implantation. No @entity10775 was detected in homogenized lung tissue (limits of detection of assay was 8 x 10(-5) M).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX infusion does not inhibit @entity1732 -induced @entity358 in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity5532 :: (MESH:D003676,Chemical) :: ['Deferoxamine']


abstract: It has become common practice to apply GH treatment in short @entity2689 @entity1 with the objective of promoting growth. The variability in response and the high costs of this treatment demand the individualization and optimization of therapy. Based on 686 prepubertal Turner @entity1 from the Kabi International Growth Study (KIGS; Pharmacia _ Upjohn, Inc. International Growth Database), we undertook a multiple regression analysis of height velocity (centimeters per yr) by using various parameters of potential relevance. Derived prediction models for the first 4 yr of GH treatment were validated with 76 additional KIGS @entity1 and 81 @entity1 from Tuebingen, Germany. Among the 6 predictors identified, the most influential variable for first year growth response was the natural log (ln) of the weekly GH dose. The first year growth response was also correlated with age and distance between height and target height ( @entity168 score; both negative) and body weight @entity168 , number of GH injections per week, and @entity7786 treatment given additionally (positive). The first year model explains 46% of the variability, with 1 @entity168 of 1.26 cm. For the second to fourth years, 5 predictors were identified: height velocity during previous years, weekly GH dose (ln), weight @entity168 , @entity7786 therapy (all positive), and age (negative). These models explained 32%, 29%, and 30% of the variability, respectively, with @entity168 scores of 1.1, 1.0, and 1.0 cm, respectively. When the models were applied to the other cohorts, no significant difference was noted between observed and predicted responses. Although the parameters used in our models do not entirely explain the variability in the growth response in @entity2689 , the parameters themselves were clinically relevant to our present understanding and proved to be of high precision. Some of the tested markers, such as karyotype, do not contribute to the growth response. These variables make the models practical and suitable for planning beneficial and cost-effective therapy.

title: Prediction of long-term response to recombinant XXXX growth hormone in @entity2689 : development and validation of mathematical models. KIGS International Board. Kabi International Growth Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7786 :: ('MESH:D010074', 'Chemical') :: ['oxandrolone']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several indications for vitreous surgery for complications of @entity6 have been established, but there is little well-founded information concerning situations in which visual prognosis is poor and vitreous surgery should not be performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The charts of 389 @entity1 who had undergone vitreous surgery for complications of @entity6 between 1990 and 1994 were retrospectively reviewed. The minimum follow-up was 6 months with a median of 26 months. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis we studied factors which were correlated with a postoperative visual acuity of less than 5/200. A model was developed predicting the probability of an unfavorable visual outcome in various situations. RESULTS: Forty-five eyes (12%) had a best postoperative visual acuity of less than 5/200. Risk factors were detachment of the macula, extent of the @entity1539 and the duration of @entity227 . For reoperations similar risk factors were found. The chance that an eye with total tractional @entity1713 of more than 6 months duration and with rubeosis of the iris will achieve a postoperative visual acuity of 5/200 or better is only 2%. CONCLUSIONS: Eyes with total tractional @entity1713 , especially with longer duration of the detachment and rubeosis, have a very poor chance of achieving useful vision and should not be operated.

title: [Limits and possibilities of vitreous body surgery in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['detachment, iris neovascularisations']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: 'de novo' @entity105 has been advocated besides ' @entity2513 sequence' as another dominant pathway leading to @entity14 . Our recent study has demonstrated that the distribution of brain (fetal)-type glycogen phosphorylase ( @entity29916 ) positive foci ( @entity29916 foci) has a close relationship with the location of 'de novo' @entity189 . The aims of the present study are to investigate genetic alteration in the @entity29916 foci and to characterize them in the 'de novo' @entity105 . 17 @entity14 without any @entity652 component expressing both immunoreactive @entity876 and @entity29916 protein were selected from 96 resected specimens from our previous study. Further investigations to examine the @entity1364 ( @entity1364 )-labelling index, and the @entity876 and the codon 12 of @entity984 mutation using the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism were performed in the @entity29916 foci, @entity29916 negative mucosa and @entity189 . The @entity29916 foci were observed sporadically in the transitional mucosa adjacent to the @entity189 in all cases. The @entity1364 labelling index in the @entity29916 foci was significantly higher than that in the @entity29916 negative mucosa (P< 0.001). @entity876 mutations were observed in 8 @entity189 , but no @entity984 mutation was detected. Interestingly, although none of the overexpressions of @entity876 protein was detected immunohistochemically in the @entity29916 positive foci, the @entity876 gene frequently (41.2% of the @entity29916 foci tested) mutated in spite of no @entity984 mutation. The present study demonstrates potentially premalignant foci in the colorectal transitional mucosa with frequent @entity876 gene mutation. It is suggested that @entity29916 foci are promising candidates for the further investigation of 'de novo' colorectal @entity105 .

title: Frequent @entity876 mutation in brain (fetal)-type glycogen phosphorylase positive foci adjacent to human 'de novo' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: To determine the significance of nodules in @entity309 , we reviewed the medical records of 420 @entity1 who underwent standardized clinical, laboratory, and radiological investigations during a hospitalization for @entity309 between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1994. Sixty-six @entity1 (16%) had nodules and 354 (84%) did not. Age and gender distributions were similar in the two groups. Disease duration was significantly longer in the nodular than in the nonnodular group (11.3 +/- 9.4 years versus 7.6 +/- 7.3 years; P = 0.0003). When @entity1 were stratified into five-year disease duration groups, @entity2133 was found to be more common in the nodular group, with the difference being largest during the first five years. @entity1 with nodules were more likely to have @entity1333 irrespective of disease duration (odds ratio, 6.08; P = 0.028). Lee's and Ritchie's indices and radiographic alterations were more severe in the nodular group, whereas tests for @entity32 were not significantly different. @entity1 with @entity309 factors accounted for a larger proportion of the nodular than of the nonnodular group (odds ratio 2.48; P = 0.017). When @entity1 were dichotomized based on latex test results, nodules were not significantly associated with antiperinuclear factor or antikeratin antibodies, whereas @entity1 with nodules were significantly more likely to have @entity1333 (odds ratio 5.3; P = 0.035), antinuclear factors (odds ratio 1.82; P = 0.043), and @entity14033 (odds ratio 4.86; P = 0.0029). As compared with nonnodular @entity309 , @entity309 was associated with more severe extraarticular disease, faster radiographic progression and a greater likelihood of @entity309 factor and antinuclear antibody production. Each of these characteristics was associated with the presence of nodules independently from disease duration and @entity309 factor positivity.

title: Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic features of XXXX with and without nodules.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['dryness of the eyes and mouth']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'nodular rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Rhizoma Paridis, a traditional Chinese Medicine, was identified to be cytotoxic to @entity5 cells. The present study was designed to investigate the potential anti-angiogenic and antitumor effect of the @entity1068 extract of Rhizoma Paridis (RPE) in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cytotoxic effect of RPE against @entity1 @entity694 Lovo cells and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was examined using @entity98 assay. We also tested the effect of RPE on tube formation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycle of HUVECs. Moreover, Lovo subcutaneous xenograft was applied to study the antitumor and anti-angiogenesis effect of RPE in vivo. RESULTS: RPE exerted a higher inhibition effect on the proliferation of HUVECs than Lovo cells. The tube formation and cell migration were also significantly inhibited in the presence of RPE in a concentration-dependent manner though the significant inhibition effects were observed at the cytotoxic dose. RPE induced cell apoptosis and G0-G1 cell cycle arrest of HUVECs. In vivo, significant @entity5 growth inhibition was observed in @entity1 @entity694 xenografts established by Lovo cells, accompanying by a marked decrease in MVD. CONCLUSIONS: Our current study exhibited that RPE has a selective cytotoxity against HUVECs comparing to Lovo cells and also demonstrated significant anti-angiogenic effect in vivo.

title: Rhizoma Paridis XXXX extract selectively inhibits the proliferation of HUVECs comparing to Lovo cells and shows anti-angiogenesis effects in a mouse model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of the @entity1 @entity461 receptor subtype 1 ( @entity461 -Rc) and its ligands was monitored independently by real-time fluorescence microscopy in stably transfected HEK-293 cells. Complexes of fluorescence-labeled @entity461 ( @entity461 )-(1-34) agonist bound to the @entity461 -Rc internalized rapidly at 37 degrees C via clathrin-coated vesicles, whereas fluorescent @entity461 -(7-34) antagonist-hPTH1Rc complexes did not. A functional C terminus epitope-tagged receptor (C-Tag- @entity461 -Rc) was immunolocalized to the cell membrane and, to a lesser extent, the cytoplasm. @entity461 and @entity461 -related protein agonists stimulated C-Tag- @entity461 -Rc internalization. Relocalization to the cell membrane occurred 1 h after removal of the ligand. Endocytosis of fluorescent @entity461 agonist- @entity461 -Rc complexes was blocked by the @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) inhibitor @entity866 but not by the specific protein kinase A inhibitor @entity39953 . Fluorescent @entity461 antagonist- @entity461 -Rc complexes were rapidly internalized after @entity7131 activation by @entity1359 or thrombin, but not after stimulation of the @entity268 /protein kinase A pathway by @entity1928 . In cells co-expressing the @entity461 -Rc and a green fluorescent protein- @entity17977 fusion protein ( @entity17977 -GFP), @entity461 agonists stimulated @entity17977 -GFP mobilization to the cell membrane. Subsequently, fluorescent @entity461 -(1-34)-hPTH1Rc complexes and @entity17977 -GFP co-localized intracellularly. In conclusion, agonist-activated @entity461 -Rc internalization involves beta-arrestin mobilization and targeting to clathrin-coated vesicles. Our results also indicate that receptor occupancy, rather than receptor-mediated signaling, is necessary, although not sufficient, for endocytosis of the @entity461 -Rc. Activation of @entity7131 , however, is absolutely required.

title: Endocytosis of ligand- XXXX parathyroid hormone receptor 1 complexes is @entity7131 -dependent and involves @entity17977 . Real-time monitoring by fluorescence microscopy.

entities_list: @entity39953 :: ('MESH:C053177', 'Chemical') :: ['N-(2-(methylamino)ethyl)-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone', 'hPTH1']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the present study medical records of 97 @entity235 with inflammatory/infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), including 26 @entity235 with a history of @entity410 , were retrospectively examined. The aims of the study were to analyse the incidence rate of @entity410 , to search for criteria to recognize specific inflammatory diseases and to determine how far electroencephalography may be useful in the early confirmation of @entity198 and @entity198 -associated @entity410 . The incidence rate of @entity410 in this @entity235 population was 26.8%, and @entity235 with @entity2878 had the highest rate. Signalment, history, extraneural and neurological signs including localization contributed only a little to a specific diagnosis. Surprisingly focal clinical signs were observed in two-thirds of the @entity235 . Either focal or multifocal clinical signs were related mainly to the forebrain in @entity235 with a history of @entity410 and to the brainstem in @entity235 without @entity410 . Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses were useful to separate @entity198 from other @entity6220 and to distinguish certain conditions from others in approximately half the cases. Electroencephalography (EEG) revealed two distinct patterns in 25 examined @entity235 with histopathologically confirmed disease entities, which were characterized by high voltage, slow activity (HVSA) with superimposed low voltage, fast activity (LVFA). These changes were consistent and no significant differences (P > 0.05) between @entity235 with and without @entity410 , nor between different disease entities, were noted. However, all the @entity235 with @entity410 had in addition a uniform paroxysmal EEG activity with a high voltage (mean = 106.3 microV), fast activity (mean = 8.5 Hz) pattern. Moreover in several @entity235 from the present study this pattern had a focal distribution despite the fact that clinically @entity410 appear generalized. Therefore it was concluded that EEG may be a very helpful diagnostic tool to confirm an early diagnosis of @entity198 and to separate potential @entity410 cases from those without @entity410 .

title: Clinical and electroencephalographic findings of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the central nervous system in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2878 :: ('MESH:D020808', 'Disease') :: ['protozoal encephalitis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine patterns of fecal shedding of @entity25444 ( @entity21063 ) by @entity468 , age at which kittens first began to shed @entity21063 in their feces, and whether there was any relationship between fecal shedding of FCV and serum antibody titers in adult @entity468 or kittens. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: 15 adult @entity468 and 18 kittens from a single cattery. PROCEDURE: Blood and fecal samples were collected from adult @entity468 every other month for 13 months. Serum FCV antibody titers were measured by use of an indirect immunofluorescence assay. A reverse-transcriptase, nested polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect @entity21063 in feces. Blood and fecal samples were collected from kittens at approximately 2-week intervals from 3 weeks to 15 weeks of age. RESULTS: Adult @entity468 shed @entity21063 intermittently. All adult @entity468 shed virus in their feces at least once during the year, and 4 of 15 shed virus > 75% of the time. Serum antibody titer was not significantly associated with shedding of @entity21063 . For the kittens, median age at the time @entity21063 was first detected in feces was 67 days (range, 33 to 78 days). All except 1 of the kittens was found to be shedding virus in their feces before or at the time of seroconversion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that serum FCV antibody titers are not a good indicator of shedding of @entity21063 in the feces. Kittens may shed @entity21063 in their feces before they seroconvert, and all kittens in a cattery in which @entity21063 @entity281 is endemic may be infected before 12 weeks of age.

title: Fecal shedding of @entity25444 in adult XXXX and kittens in an Abyssinian cattery.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity25444 :: ('12663', 'Species') :: ['feline coronavirus']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the past ten years, there has been a growing interest in @entity534 (LA), a semi-essential @entity535 , which has recently been shown as a physiological precursor of @entity842 (NO). AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the current role of LA in both cardiovascular and general medicine. METHODS: We performed MEDLINE searches covering a period of 33.5 years (January 1966 to July 1999) for " @entity534 " (unlimited search). Since we focused on the potential importance of LA for clinical medicine, we added the term "disease" to limit the search (limited search). RESULTS: During the period of interest 25883 articles devoted to the issue were found on unlimited search, whereas only 1656 on the limited one (mean annual rate 772 and 49 articles per year, respectively). Drastic elevation in annual rate both for unlimited and limited searches were found during the last 5 years - 2055 and 194 articles per year, respectively. The effects of LA dietary supplementation at relatively high doses have been studied extensively in several populations. LA exerts favorable effects in the prevention and treatment of @entity65 associated with @entity409 , atherogenesis and @entity715 . On the basis of the data from experimental and clinical studies, the long term oral LA supplementation has proven to be useful in avoiding endothelial damage and restoring injured endothelial function in @entity1 with @entity65 factors ( @entity1007 , smoking, @entity6 , advanced age) or with several chronic @entity65 , such as @entity301 , peripheral and cerebral @entity455 , mild and moderate @entity712 . Intravenous LA administration is likely to represent a potentially novel therapeutic strategy in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity63 , during angioplasty, coronary bypass grafting and cardiac transplantation. In addition, LA led to an improvement in @entity2335 , male reproductive activity, recovery from @entity130 and prognosis of chemotherapy in @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Our data clearly demonstrate a significant growth of interest in LA in clinical medicine. @entity369 is gaining a prominent position as a part of the therapeutic arsenal in the management of @entity37316 pathway-related disorders.

title: The @entity842 pathway: is XXXX a gate to the new millennium medicine? A meta-analysis of @entity534 effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['Arginine']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders', 'cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: @entity2826 -associated herpesvirus ( @entity16102 ) is associated with KS, primary @entity30807 (PEL), and multicentric @entity12692 . Reactivation of @entity16102 in latently infected cells and subsequent plasma @entity646 occur before the development of KS. Intracellular signaling pathways involved in @entity16102 reactivation were studied. In latently infected PEL cells (BCBL-1), @entity16102 reactivation in single cells was determined by quantitative flow cytometry. Viral particle production was determined by electron microscope analyses and detection of minor capsid protein in culture supernatants. Agents that mobilized intracellular @entity460 ( @entity1360 , @entity2426 ) induced expression of @entity16102 lytic cycle-associated proteins and led to increased virus production. @entity460 -mediated virus reactivation was blocked by specific inhibitors of calcineurin-dependent signal transduction ( @entity205 , @entity1140 ). Similarly, @entity460 -mediated virus reactivation in @entity16102 -infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells was blocked by @entity205 . Furthermore, retroviral transduction with plasmid DNA encoding VIVIT, a peptide specifically blocking calcineurin-NFAT interactions, inhibited @entity460 -dependent @entity16102 reactivation. By contrast, chemical induction of lytic-phase infection by the @entity4621 @entity864 was blocked by protein kinase C inhibitors, but not by calcineurin inhibitors. In summary, calcineurin-dependent signal transduction, an important signaling cascade in vivo, induces @entity460 -dependent @entity16102 replication, providing a possible target for the design of antiherpesvirus strategies in @entity16102 -infected @entity1 .

title: Targeted inhibition of calcineurin signaling blocks @entity460 -dependent reactivation of XXXX -associated herpesvirus.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity30807 :: ('MESH:D054685', 'Disease') :: ['effusion lymphoma']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi sarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: RNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity9657 ) is an independent prognostic variable in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). In the current study, we investigated the correlation between @entity9657 and 25 other biomarkers for @entity1149 , identified the markers that could further improve the prognostic significance of @entity9657 and elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these markers and @entity9657 . METHODS: Tissue microarray samples obtained from 218 @entity1 with @entity2 were stained with an anti- @entity9657 antibody and antibodies against 25 biomarkers. Immunohistochemical expression was scored and used for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The interaction between @entity9657 and @entity22129 in @entity1149 cell lines was examined. RESULTS: We found that @entity9657 was associated with @entity22129 and that the prognostic information regarding @entity1149 provided by the combination of @entity9657 and @entity22129 (P/E) was significantly more accurate than that provided by either marker alone. The 5-year overall survival rate in @entity1 with @entity9657 / @entity22129 (20%) was significantly lower than that of @entity1 with @entity9657 / @entity22129 (74%), @entity1 with @entity9657 / @entity22129 (55%), and @entity1 with @entity9657 / @entity22129 (55%) (p < 0.0001). We also found that the @entity9657 : @entity22129 (P/E) ratio was significantly associated with prognosis (p < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that this P/E combination or ratio was an independent predictor of overall survival. In addition, induction of @entity9657 expression reduced @entity22129 protein expression levels in @entity1149 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9657 / @entity22129 is a significant predictor of prognosis for @entity1149 . @entity9657 / @entity22129 may be a promising approach to improving screening efficiency and predicting prognosis in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Prognostic significance of combinations of RNA-dependent protein kinase and @entity22129 biomarkers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: The @entity375 prion [PSI+] is a self-propagating amyloidogenic isoform of the translation termination factor @entity16578 . Overproduction of the chaperone protein @entity43853 results in loss of [PSI+]. Here we demonstrate that this effect is decreased by deletion of either the gene coding for one of the major @entity375 @entity8290 -conjugating enzymes, @entity22004 , or the gene coding for the @entity8290 -recycling enzyme, @entity43854 . The effect of ubc4Delta on [PSI+] loss was increased by depletion of the Hsp70 chaperone Ssb but was not influenced by depletion of @entity43854 . This indicates that @entity22004 affects [PSI+] loss via a pathway that is the same as the one affected by @entity43854 but not by Ssb. In the presence of @entity43855 protein, ubc4Delta also facilitates spontaneous de novo formation of [PSI+]. This stimulation is independent of [PIN+], the prion isoform of @entity43855 . Numerous attempts failed to detect ubiquitinated @entity16578 in the @entity375 extracts. While ubc4Delta and other alterations of @entity8290 system used in this work cause slight induction of some Hsps, these changes are insufficient to explain their effect on [PSI+]. However, ubc4Delta increases the proportion of the Hsp70 chaperone Ssa bound to @entity16578 , suggesting that misfolded @entity16578 is either more abundant or more accessible to the chaperones in the absence of @entity22004 . The proportion of [PSI+] cells containing large aggregated @entity16578 structures is also increased by ubc4Delta. We propose that UPS alterations induce an adaptive response, resulting in @entity1423 that promote de novo prion generation and prion recovery from the chaperone treatment.

title: Effects of @entity8290 system alterations on the formation and loss of a XXXX prion.

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['accumulation of the large "aggresome"-like aggregates']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: A case of skull base Aspergillus @entity738 originating from the sphenoid sinus was reported. This 64-year-old @entity1 complained of unilateral @entity227 and serious @entity158 , and was admitted to our department. He had been treated by transnasal sphenoidectomy because of sphenoid @entity50 . MRI showed a @entity66 located in the sphenoid sinus, cavernous sinus, ethmoid sinus and intraorbit. Angiography showed severe @entity850 of the left internal carotid artery at the cavernous portion. As the symptoms gradually aggravated, we felt compelled to perform intracranial surgical treatment using the extradural approach to the skull base lesions. As the @entity82 was very hard and strongly adherent to the surrounding tissues, only partial removal of the lesion and resection of the trigeninal nerve were carried out. After surgery, the @entity1 was released from severe @entity158 and had an uneventful course. But, two months later, he died due to @entity5422 . @entity2381 originating from the sphenoid sinus is rare, but it is known that some lesions show abrupt invasive extension to the skull base and the prognosis is bad. Early diagnosis and suitable treatment for the skull base or @entity1504 is required.

title: [Skull base XXXX @entity738 originating from the sphenoid sinus: a case report].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous lesion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus aspergillosis']

answer: @entity2381 :: (MESH:D001228,Disease) :: ['aspergillosis']


abstract: @entity130 leads to impaired immune responses and increases the risk of @entity166 . Following @entity130 , increased @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) levels may be important in immunodysregulation. We hypothesized that blocking @entity1421 with @entity8228 , a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, during the first 24 h after injury may modify the immune response and protect the host from a subsequent septic challenge. BALB/c @entity19 were given @entity8228 (10 mg/kg) immediately after injury, at 12, and at 24 h after sham injury or @entity130 (femur @entity174 and 40% @entity548 ). On day 7 after injury, splenic macrophages were evaluated for cytokine production and @entity10178 mRNA. In a separate study @entity19 were injured, then given 3 doses of @entity8228 . After 7 days, cecal ligation and puncture was performed and @entity19 were followed for survival. Traumatized @entity19 given @entity8228 had a significant survival advantage compared with @entity130 @entity19 alone (P < 0.001). Macrophages from traumatized @entity19 showed increased @entity10178 mRNA and proinflammatory cytokines compared with controls (P < 0.05), whereas treatment of injured @entity19 with @entity8228 significantly decreased proinflammatory cytokine production (P < 0.05) and @entity10178 mRNA. Therefore @entity8228 given within 24 h of injury suppressed @entity1421 through inhibition of cyclooxygenase, in addition to decreasing proinflammatory cytokines, and providing a survival advantage to the host.

title: Blocking @entity1421 after XXXX attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves survival.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Major injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 frequently results in @entity3 to the liver, where it becomes the main cause of @entity204 . However, the cell cycle in @entity5 and @entity3 is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We developed a @entity19 model of liver @entity3 using the @entity1 @entity694 cell line HCT-116, which expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm (HCT-116-GFP-RFP). HCT-116 GFP-RFP cells were injected into the spleen of nu/nu @entity19 . RESULTS: HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells subsequently formed @entity5 in the spleen, as well as metastatic colonies in the liver and retroperitoneum by 28 days after cell transplantation. Using an Olympus FV1000 confocal microscope, it was possible to clearly image mitosis of the dual-colored @entity694 cells in the @entity5 as well as liver and other @entity3 . Multi-nucleate @entity5 cells, in addition to mono-nucleate @entity5 cells and their mitosis, were observed in the @entity5 and @entity3 . Multi-nucleate HCT-116-GFP-RFP cells were also observed after culture of the primary and @entity3 . A similar ratio of mono-nucleate, multi-nucleate, and mitotic cells grew from the primary and @entity3 in culture, suggesting similarity of the nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics of primary and @entity5 cells, further emphasizing the stochastic nature of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a similar heterogeneity of nuclear-cytoplasmic dynamics within @entity5 and @entity3 , which may be an important factor in the stochastic nature of @entity3 .

title: Imaging Nuclear-Cytoplasmic Dynamics in Primary and Metastatic XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: Elevation of the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive @entity20540 (ANP) was observed in @entity235 chronic @entity712 ( @entity712 ) secondary to right ventricular (RV) pressure overload. Pressure overload on the right heart was gradually increased using an inflatable cuff. The interval between banding and the onset of @entity712 was 152 +/- 52 days. Seventeen @entity712 @entity235 were produced and divided into Group I (n = 11) and Group II (n = 6). At the onset of @entity712 , Group I @entity235 were either sacrificed for study of the heart, or unbanded to allow recovery from @entity712 . The @entity235 in Group II were maintained in @entity712 for 3 additional months before being either sacrificed or unbanded. Following unbanding, the ANP level of Group I recovered from 108 +/- 36 (n = 11) to 20 +/- 6 pg/ml (n = 6) at 1 month and was maintained at 27 +/- 7 pg/ml (baseline, 21 +/- 5 pg/ml, n = 11) at 4 months. ANP levels of Group II declined from 165 +/- 55 (n = 6) to 87 +/- 2 pg/ml (n = 3) at 1 month and further decreased to 42 +/- 14 pg/ml (n = 3) 4 months after unbanding. Thus, compared to Group I, Group II had a high ANP level before unbanding and a delay in recovery of the ANP levels despite normalization of the right atrial pressure (RAP). Four months after release of pressure overload, the right @entity1184 persisted in the unbanded @entity235 ; however, Group I unbanded @entity235 showed a better reversal of the right @entity1184 than Group II unbanded @entity235 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Recovery of elevated XXXX in pressure-overload @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity20540 :: ('608289(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure', 'RHF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['atrial hypertrophy']

answer: @entity20540 :: (608289(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Using a single-platform protocol to count absolute @entity2280 + @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) levels with different reference microbeads, we recorded occasionally artifactually high @entity2280 + @entity1583 counts in some leukapheresis bags, whereas @entity5748 were always consistent. Abnormal countings were observed only when @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS)-diluted leukapheresis samples were vortexed before analysis. A large series of blood samples analyzed similarly for @entity2280 + and @entity404 + absolute counts did not show any sample or vortexing effect. With the volumetric absolute counting cytometer Partec-PAS, lower counts were also observed when different reference beads were vortexed before the instrument checking procedures. The counting abnormality was caused by a drop in microbead concentration (the "vanishing bead phenomenon"). This phenomenon reduced the total and relative bead event number in experimental and routine samples and in calibration procedures. This altered the bead denominator used to calculate absolute @entity2280 + @entity1583 levels and it also reduced the concentration of standard calibration beads. METHODS: Using the Partec-PAS to measure volumetrically the actual bead concentration, we studied the vanishing bead phenomenon. Different types of counting and reference microbeads were resuspended in media with or without proteins or cells. Replicates were submitted either to gentle manual mixing or to vortexing before counting. RESULTS: Vortex @entity2146 almost invariably induced the vanishing bead phenomenon when beads were resuspended in saline media or when an insufficient protein concentration was present, such as in diluted leukapheresis samples. Different bead types showed various degrees of sensitivity to vortexing. The bead disappearance was not caused by bubble formation or disruption. The addition of small amounts of protein completely prevented the vanishing bead phenomenon. The causative effect of the electrostatic charging of tube induced by vortexing is hypothesized. CONCLUSIONS: Sample suspensions containing counting beads for single-platform analysis must be resuspended in media with protein supplements to prevent the vanishing bead phenomenon and to ensure accurate counting.

title: The "vanishing counting bead" phenomenon: effect on absolute XXXX + cell counting in @entity1391 -buffered saline-diluted leukapheresis samples.

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual-platform calculations']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['HPC', 'hematopoietic precursor cell']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A substantial subgroup of @entity748 @entity1 have "nonallergic" or idiopathic @entity565 , which often takes a severe course and is difficult to treat. The cause might be @entity56 to the gram-positive pathogen @entity794 , a frequent colonizer of the upper airways. However, the driving allergens of @entity16330 have remained elusive. OBJECTIVE: We sought to search for potentially allergenic @entity16330 proteins and characterize the immune response directed against them. METHODS: @entity16330 extracellular proteins targeted by human serum IgG4 were identified by means of immunoblotting to screen for potential bacterial allergens. Candidate antigens were expressed as recombinant proteins and used to analyze the established cellular and humoral immune responses in healthy adults and @entity748 @entity1 . The ability to induce a type 2 immune response in  vivo was tested in a @entity19 @entity565 model. RESULTS: We identified staphylococcal @entity563 protease-like proteins (Spls) as dominant IgG4-binding @entity16330 proteins. SplA through SplF are extracellular proteases of unknown function expressed by @entity16330 in  vivo. Spls elicited IgE antibody responses in most @entity748 @entity1 . In healthy @entity16330 carriers and noncarriers, peripheral blood T  cells elaborated @entity61 cytokines after stimulation with Spls, as is typical for allergens. In contrast, TH1/TH17 cytokines, which dominated the response to @entity16330 a-hemolysin, were of low concentration or absent. In @entity19 inhalation of SplD without adjuvant induced @entity55 characterized by @entity61 cytokines and eosinophil infiltration. CONCLUSION: We identify Spls as triggering allergens released by @entity16330 , opening prospects for diagnosis and causal therapy of @entity565 .

title: Staphylococcal XXXX protease-like proteins are pacemakers of allergic airway reactions to @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: AIM: The Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) risk score (range 0-7), used for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) risk stratification of @entity1 with suspected @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), underestimates risk associated with ECG changes or cardiac troponin elevation. A modified TIMI score (mTIMI, range 0-10), which gives increased weighting to these variables, has been proposed. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the mTIMI score in @entity341 @entity1 with suspected @entity1187 . METHODS: A multicentre prospective observational study enrolled @entity1 undergoing assessment for possible @entity1187 . TIMI and mTIMI scores were calculated. The study outcome was a composite of all-cause @entity204 , @entity583 or coronary revascularisation within 30 days. RESULTS: Of the 1666 @entity1 , 219 (13%) reached the study outcome. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the composite outcome was 0.80 (0.76 to 0.83) for the mTIMI score compared with 0.71 (0.67 to 0.74) for the standard TIMI score, p<0.001, but there was no significant difference for @entity204 or revascularisation outcomes. Sensitivity and specificity for the composite outcome were 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) and 0.23 (0.20 to 0.26), respectively, at score 0 for TIMI and mTIMI. At score <2, sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (0.77 to 0.87) and 0.53 (0.51 to 0.56) for mTIMI, and 0.74 (0.68 to 0.79) and 0.54 (0.51 to 0.56) for standard TIMI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: mTIMI score performs better than standard TIMI score for @entity341 risk stratification of @entity662 , but neither is sufficiently sensitive at scores >0 to allow safe and early discharge without further investigation or follow-up. Observed differences in performance may be due to incorporation bias.

title: Modified TIMI risk score cannot be used to identify low-risk @entity662 in the XXXX : a multicentre validation study.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: To report a @entity1 with orbital extension of a choroidal @entity3 produced by a @entity420 which was diagnosed by biopsy of the extrascleral nodule. METHODS: Clinical history and imaging studies (including fundus photography, autofluorescence, @entity941 angiography, B-scan, and orbital MRI) were reviewed along with histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: A 60-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity227 . Fundus examination revealed a @entity14301 -spotted @entity66 and associated @entity1713 . Imaging disclosed an enhancing orbital lesion abutting the sclera near the choroidal mass, which had spread outside of the eye. Histopathology revealed lumen-forming cells elaborating @entity3558 . The cells were immunohistochemically positive for epithelial membrane antigen, @entity7457 , and @entity5822 and negative for @entity2225 . This was consistent with a @entity420 . Widespread metastases were subsequently found. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first detailed case report of a successful biopsy of the orbital extension of an essentially posterior intraocular @entity5 . Such a maneuver permits a much more generous tissue sample than a needle biopsy. In the current case, a large tissue sample provided the basis for complete immunohistochemical evaluation, leading to the diagnosis of an intraocular metastatic @entity3558 -producing @entity2220 .

title: XXXX Metastatic to the Choroid Diagnosed by Biopsy of an Extrascleral Nodule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision in the right eye']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung origin']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['thyroid transcription factor 1']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Clinically localized @entity1358 is cured by radical nephrectomy in 47% [stage T3a (II)] to 65% [stage T1, T2 (I)] of the @entity1 . Local recurrence and @entity3 probably result from undetectable microscopic metastases present at operation. Chemotherapy and immunotherapy may improve cure rates if administered adjuvantly. The outcome of individual @entity1 who share surgical stage cannot be predicted reliably by @entity5 histology, pathological and/or nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. Two groups of 10 @entity1 with clinically localized @entity1358 were similar by sex distribution (5 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ), surgical stage (stages T1 in 1, T2 in 6 and T3a in 3 @entity1 ) and age (54.3 +/- 15.2 standard deviation versus 55.8 +/- 8.7 years). Group 1 had no recurrences with a minimum followup of 5 years and a mean followup of 10 years. Group 2 died of metastatic @entity1358 after a mean of 5 years. All neoplastic areas of each @entity982 -embedded operative specimen were randomly sampled and the nuclear perimeter of 150 cancerous cells was digitized. There were 25 shape descriptors calculated for each nucleus. All shape descriptors for each @entity1 were described by 19 statistical tests. Nuclear perimeter and area as well as mean nuclear roundness factor failed to separate the 2 groups. Range median quartiles of ellipticities by Fourier analysis, coefficients of variation of chain code minimums and relative means of largest 10 convexity values produced greatest separation (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test p less than 0.001, and variance normalized difference 3.21, 3.29 and 2.83, respectively). These descriptors normalized and summed provided near perfect separation (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test p less than 0.001 and variance normalized difference 3.59). We developed a quantitative nuclear morphometric analysis system that permitted the correct assignment of outcome in 19 of 20 @entity1 . Accurate prediction of prognosis in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity1358 by nuclear shape analysis may allow for selection of @entity1 for adjuvant therapy who have clinically undetectable @entity3 .

title: Nuclear shape analysis for assessment of prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The low incidence and the variable presentation complicate clinical investigations on @entity1125 . The results of Valle et al. in 2009 provided, for the first time, an evidence-based palliative treatment for this rare @entity5 type. So far no data are available in Germany regarding the current daily care practice. METHODS: We started this national survey in May 2011, including about 3,400 members of the AIO (Working Group Medical Oncology), DGHO (German Society of Hematology and Oncology) and GGHBB (Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Berlin and Brandenburg). The standardized online form contained questions concerning field of action and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Evaluation was conducted anonymously. RESULTS: 162 responses could be obtained, corresponding to a response rate of about 5%. 70.4% of the respondents were physicians in hospitals, 23.5% stated to work in private practices. 61.7% of the respondents were medical oncologists and 27.2% gastroenterologists. 52.5% of the @entity1 pointed out to use the standard regimen of @entity136 and @entity900 . For second-line regimen, the most frequent answer (29%) specified the administration of @entity901 in combination with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) or @entity416 . CONCLUSIONS: This survey may help to clarify the current oncologic daily care procedures for @entity1 with @entity1125 in Germany. The results can be helpful for further clinical investigations or the implementation of a @entity5 -specific register.

title: XXXX : a survey regarding the current oncological daily care practice in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['Biliary tract cancer']


abstract: Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on rodent behaviour, neuronal plasticity and brain function. Although it may also improve stress coping, it is not known whether EE influences the brain response to an external (psychological) stressor such as @entity2700 ( @entity2700 ) or an internal (systemic) stressor such as @entity344 . This study hence explored whether EE modifies @entity2700 -induced activation of the @entity19 corticolimbic system and whether this stress response is altered by @entity3621 or @entity1960 . Male C67BL/6 @entity19 were housed under standard or enriched environment for 9 weeks, after which they were subjected to a 1-week treatment with oral @entity8867 to induce @entity3621 or oral dextran sulfate @entity1372 to induce @entity1960 . Following exposure to @entity2700 the expression of @entity9830 , a marker of neuronal activation, was measured by immunocytochemistry. EE aggravated experimentally induced @entity1960 , but not @entity3621 , as shown by an increase in the disease activity score and the colonic myeloperoxidase content. In the brain, EE enhanced the @entity2700 -induced activation of the dentate gyrus and unmasked an inhibitory effect of @entity3621 and @entity1960 on @entity2700 -evoked @entity9830 expression within this part of the hippocampus. Conversely, EE inhibited the @entity2700 -evoked activation of the central amygdala and prevented the inhibitory effect of @entity3621 and @entity1960 on @entity2700 -evoked @entity9830 expression in this region. EE, in addition, blunted the @entity2700 -induced activation of the infralimbic cortex and attenuated the inhibitory effect of @entity3621 and @entity1960 on @entity2700 -evoked @entity9830 expression in this area. These data reveal that EE has a region-specific effect on stress-induced @entity9830 expression in the corticolimbic system, which is likely to improve stress resilience. The response of the prefrontal cortex - amygdala - hippocampus circuitry to psychological stress is also modified by the systemic stress of gut @entity32 , and this interaction between external and internal stressors is modulated by the housing environment.

title: Environmental enrichment and gut @entity32 modify stress-induced @entity9830 expression in the XXXX corticolimbic system.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['water avoidance stress', 'WAS']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1812 (BK) is a potent algesic compound. Therefore, we hypothesized that BK, acting as a peripheral noxious stimulus, would attenuate or inhibit responses to another noxious stimulus. When administered intravenously (i.v.) to @entity35 lightly anesthesized with @entity4485 , BK produced a dose-dependent (12-144 micrograms/kg) inhibition of the nociceptive tail-flick (TF) reflex. BK also produced a dose-dependent @entity551 , a subsequent increase in heart rate and an increase in the rate of respiration. The latency to the maximal effect of BK on the TF reflex was 10 s and was occasionally preceded by pseudoaffective responses at doses greater than 48 micrograms/kg BK. Neonatal treatment with @entity2951 (50 mg/kg, subcutaneous) significantly attenuated BK-produced inhibition of the TF reflex indicating that BK was acting via peripheral afferents to inhibit the TF reflex. Reversible @entity616 or complete spinal transection at a low thoracic level (T9-12), but not reversible @entity616 at a high cervical level (C1-2), significantly attenuated BK-produced inhibition of the TF reflex, suggesting that BK activates afferents which enter the spinal cord between C2 and T9. Pretreatment with intrathecally administered @entity5521 (30 micrograms), an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, or @entity3858 (30 micrograms), a non-selective @entity750 receptor antagonist, did not alter BK-produced inhibition of the TF reflex, further supporting the absence of activation of descending systems from the brainstem by i.v. BK. While coadministration of @entity1421 and BK significantly potentiated BK-produced inhibition of the TF reflex, neither bilateral removal of the stellate ganglion nor bilateral cervical vagotomy significantly affected the inhibitory action of i.v. BK on the TF reflex. These results suggest that i.v. BK inhibits the nociceptive TF reflex by activation of @entity2951 -sensitive visceral afferents entering the spinal cord between C2 and T9.

title: XXXX modulation of a spinal nociceptive reflex in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity3858 :: ('MESH:D008784', 'Chemical') :: ['methysergide']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in mean arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['cold block']

answer: @entity1812 :: (MESH:D001920,Chemical) :: ['Bradykinin']


abstract: @entity95 liver @entity4921 and several forms of @entity35 liver @entity1447 are phosphorylated by @entity268 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) and by protein kinase C. Under aqueous assay conditions at neutral pH LM2 is phosphorylated only to a maximum extent of about 20 mol% by PKA. We show that detergents or alkaline pH greatly enhance the extent of phosphorylation of the @entity1447 substrates of @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. In the presence of 0.05% Emulgen, PBRLM5, which appears to be the best @entity1447 substrate for @entity268 -dependent protein kinase, incorporates @entity1391 up to about 84 mol% of enzyme. We reported previously (I. Jansson et al. (1987) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 259, 441-448) that @entity9305 inhibits the phosphorylation of LM2 by @entity268 -dependent protein kinase. In this paper, using PBRLM5, we demonstrate, by analysis of initial rates, that the inhibition of phosphorylation by @entity9305 is competitive, with a Ki = 0.48 microM. We also show that a number of forms of @entity1447 can be phosphorylated by protein kinase C, and that the phosphorylation of these forms by protein kinase C is also inhibited by @entity9305 . These data suggest that the phosphorylation site(s) of cytochromes P450 may be located within or overlap the @entity9305 binding domain of the enzymes.

title: Phosphorylation of @entity1447 : regulation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity9305 :: (64001(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['cytochrome b5']


abstract: Between January 1980 and October 1987, 115 evaluable @entity1 were treated in Sheffield for persistent @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ) with a low dose methotrexate regimen (LD- @entity1500 ). Each course comprised @entity1500 50 mg given by i.m. injection for 4 doses on alternate days. Courses were repeated every 2 weeks and serum beta- @entity1465 was used to monitor response. Overall, 80/115 (70%) of @entity1 attained durable complete remissions (CR). Twenty-nine @entity1 received the 'AVC' salvage combination of @entity4316 -D 0.5 mg i.v. for 5 days, sequenced with @entity786 500 mg i.v. and @entity1891 1 mg i.v., both given for 3 doses on alternate days. Sixteen (55%) @entity1 attained a durable CR but 11 (38%) required further measures, 7 ultimately requiring hysterectomy. Two (7%) died during treatment. With 4 deaths overall (3 from metastatic @entity1469 and 1 from infarction of the bowel), actuarial survival is 94% at over 7.5 years. A new Charing Cross prognostic scale weighted especially for @entity1465 levels, number and sites of @entity3 , interval between pregnancy and start of treatment (score 0-6 each factor), was applied retrospectively to obtain a total score for each @entity1 . Thus, 21/26 (81%) @entity1 who scored greater than 8, required additional treatment after LD- @entity1500 , compared with 18/89 (20%) of lower scoring @entity1 (p less than 0.001). Because of the frequent morbidity associated with prolonged chemotherapy as well as the development of drug-resistant @entity1469 , it is concluded that the 'high-risk' @entity1 should receive more intensive combination chemotherapy at the outset.

title: Results of low-dose methotrexate treatment of persistent XXXX in Sheffield 1980-1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease', 'GTD']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic disease']