abstract: During the period 1979-92, 16 (15 @entity1 and one @entity1 ) sudden unexpected @entity204 occurred among young Swedish orienteers. This finding indicated a sharp increase in the death rate of orienteers, and necropsy demonstrated that @entity2401 was a common histopathological finding. Therefore, an extensive non-invasive cardiac investigation was performed. A total of 59 male   lite orienteers (mean age 23 years) and 36 cross-country skiers and middle-distance runners (mean age 22 years), serving as controls, were examined by both echocardiography at rest and radionuclide ventriculography at rest and during exercise. @entity854 were found in eight orienteers using echocardiography. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the group of orienteers with wall motion abnormalities found using echocardiography had a smaller increase in ejection fraction from rest to exercise using radionuclide ventriculography than the rest of the orienteers and the controls, indicating an aggravation of the wall motion abnormalities during exercise. There were no significant differences in the ejection fraction at rest between the groups. In the orienteers with wall motion abnormalities (group 1), 62% (five out of eight) had less than a 0.05 unit increase in left ventricular ejection fraction compared with 27% (14 out of 51) of the remaining orienteers (group 2) and 19% (7 out of 36) of the controls (group 3). A comparison of athletes in group 1 with those in groups 2 and 3 combined revealed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The divergent response in left ventricular ejection fraction during exercise suggests an aggravation of the wall motion abnormalities with exercise. Both the echocardiographic and the radionuclide ventriculographic findings indicate that the orienteers in group 1 had concealed left ventricular damage.

title: XXXX in male elite orienteers are aggravated by exercise.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Wall motion abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Wall motion abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 undergoing exercise testing a @entity551 response is associated with a poor prognosis. There is limited information regarding the prognostic significance of @entity551 during @entity452 stress test. This study investigates the association between a severe @entity551 response during DSE and long-term prognosis. METHODS: @entity1 (3381) underwent @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE). Blood pressure was measured automatically at rest and at the end of every dose-step. Wall motion was scored using a 16-segement, 5-point score. @entity63 was defined by the presence of new wall motion abnormalities. @entity551 response during DSE was defined as mild (MHR) when systolic blood pressure (SBP) dropped <20 mmHg between rest and peak stress, and severe (SHR) when SBP dropped <20 mmHg. During follow-up all cause mortality and MACE ( @entity204 or non-fatal @entity583 ) were noted. RESULTS: MHR and SHR occurred in 936 (28%) and 521 (15%) @entity1 , respectively. Independent predictors of SHR were older age, new or worsening wall motion abnormalities and history of @entity101 . During follow-up of 4.5 (+/-3.3) years, 920 @entity1 died, of which 555 due to cardiac causes, and 713 @entity1 experienced a MACE. After adjustment for baseline characteristics and DSE results SHR during DSE was independently associated with increased long-term @entity204 (HR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.03-1.6) and MACE (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.1-1.6), while MHR was not associated with a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Severe @entity551 response during DSE independently predicts @entity204 and MACE in @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 .

title: Significance of XXXX response during @entity452 stress echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: The degree of hand preference, ie, the extent to which the use of one @entity2045 is obligate, has not been studied previously as a possible risk factor for the development of @entity7184 ( @entity7184 ). This case-control study was designed to test the hypothesis that strong hand preference, whether left or right, would be associated with @entity7184 in a working population. Case subjects were drawn from workers who presented to one of two acute care clinics for treatment of work-related cumulative @entity851 . Control subjects were drawn from job applicants presenting for preplacement examinations at the same two clinics. The degree of hand preference was determined by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory of Oldfield. The 48 case subjects evidenced a higher absolute value of the mean handedness score (indicative of a stronger degree of hand preference) than the 134 control subjects (P = .01). As a dichotomized variable, being "strong"-handed versus "weak"-handed was a significant risk factor for UECTD (P = .01, odds ratio = 2.48). Among the 48 case subjects, 83% had a UECTD ipsilateral to the side of hand preference. This study found that workers who develop cumulative @entity851 are more likely to exhibit a strong hand preference than a group of applicants entering the work force. These findings suggest that the endogenously determined obligate use of one extremity may be a significant risk factor for the development of @entity7184 .

title: Relationship of cumulative XXXX to degree of hand preference.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['trauma disorders of the upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders', 'UECTDs']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['trauma disorders of the upper extremity']


abstract: The most common type of @entity66 is ischaemia or @entity1188 from atherothrombosis or @entity299 . Antithrombotic treatment with an antiplatelet agent or anticoagulant assumes a prior clinical classification into categories of @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) or minor @entity64 , acute partial stable @entity64 , @entity64 , and @entity64 . @entity117 reduces the risk of @entity64 , @entity583 , and @entity204 after @entity4905 or minor @entity64 secondary to atherothrombosis. @entity117 is effective in both sexes at a dose of 300 or 1200 mg/day. @entity1396 (500 mg/day), a new antiplatelet agent, is more effective than @entity117 in preventing @entity64 and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity4905 or minor @entity64 . @entity1396 (500 mg/day) is effective in preventing recurrent @entity64 , @entity583 , or @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity64 . @entity117 has not been directly shown to be effective after @entity64 . No clear evidence exists for the use of anticoagulants in @entity455 in @entity1 presenting with @entity4905 or minor @entity64 , acute partial stable @entity64 , @entity64 , or @entity64 . Anticoagulation for @entity340 is effective in preventing recurrent @entity887 . Long-term anticoagulation of @entity1 with mechanical prosthetic valves protects against initial @entity887 and prevents recurrent @entity887 . The addition of @entity117 (500-1000 mg/day) to @entity1229 reduces the rate of @entity999 from mechanical prosthetic heart valves but is associated with increased @entity548 . The addition of @entity4341 (400 mg/day) to @entity1229 may be more effective than @entity117 in reducing the rate of @entity999 from mechanical prosthetic heart valves and has fewer @entity548 side-effects. Anticoagulation during the hospital phase of @entity583 reduces the incidence of systemic @entity887 / @entity64 . Long-term anticoagulation of @entity1 after the hospital phase of @entity583 reduces the incidence of systemic @entity887 / @entity64 , recurrent @entity583 and @entity204 . Prophylactic anticoagulant treatment of @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 reduces the incidence of @entity887 , but the optimal duration of treatment is not known. Immediate anticoagulation of @entity1 with completed @entity64 is safe and effective in preventing recurrent @entity887 .

title: Antithrombotic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed stroke', 'stroke-in-progression', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac embolism']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'vascular death']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Segmental wall motion was assessed noninvasively in eight @entity1 with @entity1121 and six healthy volunteers by magnetic resonance @entity296 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Localization scans were performed for determination of the true short-axis views of the left ventricle (double-angulated view). Spatial modulation of magnetization was used to produce a rectangular grid of landmarks. Distortion of the grid was assessed at end diastole, mid systole, and end systole with multiphase gradient echoes. Image sets were acquired at three different planes, namely, the base, the equator, and the apex. Quantitative evaluation was carried out by computer-assisted image analysis. Each individual grid crossing point was identified automatically and the displacement calculated. A polar coordinate system with the center of gravity as motion reference point was chosen to assess fractional rotation and radial displacement at the endocardial, midwall, and epicardial layers of the septal, anterior, posterior, and inferior regions. A wringing motion of the left ventricle with a clockwise rotation of 5.0 +/- 2.4 degrees at the base and a counterclockwise rotation of -9.6 +/- 2.9 degrees at the apex was observed in control subjects. An equal rotation of 5.0 +/- 2.5 degrees at the base and a slightly reduced rotation of -7.3 +/- 5.2 degrees at the apex was found in @entity1 with @entity1121 . A transmural gradient in fractional rotation and radial displacement was observed, with the highest values in the endocardial layer. Rotation in @entity1 with @entity1121 was significantly less than in normal volunteers in the posterior region of the equatorial and apical planes. Furthermore, radial displacement was significantly reduced in the septum and inferior wall. In the anterior and posterior wall segments, a reduction of the radial displacement was observed only in the epicardium and midwall layers. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance @entity296 allows the noninvasive assessment of regional wall motion. Both in normal volunteers and in @entity1 with @entity1121 , cardiac motion occurs in a complex mode, with the base and the apex rotating in opposite directions and the equatorial plane as a transitional zone (wringing motion). A reduced @entity299 can be observed in @entity1 with @entity1121 mainly in the posterior region, whereas a reduced radial displacement is found in the inferior septal zone.

title: Evaluation of left ventricular segmental wall motion in XXXX with @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial tagging']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathies', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rotation']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity2021 was induced in actively sensitized @entity840 by free inhalation of a high dose of ovalbumin (10 mg/ml) aerosol. Tibenelast ( @entity38391 ), @entity38391 , @entity11929 , proved to be a potent orally active compound against @entity2021 induced by high dose antigen aerosol. When a lower aerosol challenge (0.05 mg/ml) was employed, bronchoconstriction was observed with a concomitant increase in lung resistance (RL) and a fall in dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Tibenelast at 25 mg/kg p.o. prevented these changes. Tibenelast was 10 times more potent than @entity3416 by i.v. administration; normalization of pulmonary function was achieved at 1 mg/kg i.v. Tibenelast was synergistic with @entity1425 . Combination of no-effect doses of @entity1425 (0.025 mg/kg s.c.) and tibenelast (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) normalized pulmonary function. The oral dose response curve of tibenelast was enhanced with the co-administration of @entity1425 . These data suggest that tibenelast may act at a site different from that of @entity1425 , although the mechanism of action of tibenelast is unclear at present. Tibenelast may be of significant value in the treatment of @entity565 and other @entity1576 .

title: Tibenelast, XXXX , @entity11929 ( @entity38391 ), is an orally active anti- @entity565 compound in the @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylactic shock', 'anaphylactic shock']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity38391 :: ('MESH:C063779', 'Chemical') :: ['LY186655', '5,6-diethoxybenzo(b)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salt']

answer: @entity38391 :: (MESH:C063779,Chemical) :: ['5,6-diethoxybenzo(B)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid']


abstract: Nouns and verbs differ in their neural and psycholinguistic attributes. It is not known whether these differences lead to distinct patterns of response to treatment for individuals with word @entity73 associated with @entity2026 . Eight @entity1 with naming disorders induced by left hemisphere @entity64 were treated with a semantic-phonologic treatment protocol for nouns and verbs using a single @entity1 multiple baseline design. We measured treatment gains in a picture naming measure and other secondary language and communication measures. Treatment led to improved picture naming for trained nouns and verbs in five of eight @entity1 , with no difference evident between nouns and verbs. Improvements for untrained words were minimal. Improvement in verb retrieval was associated with increases on a functional measure of communicative effectiveness. Improvement for nouns and verbs was associated with severity of word @entity73 at onset. Although distinct in neural and psycholinguistic attributes, nouns and verbs were affected by treatment in a similar pattern in this group of individuals. Training-specific effects suggest the need for careful selection of training words to have potential for functional benefit in daily communication.

title: Semantic-phonologic treatment for noun and verb @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['retrieval impairments', 'retrieval impairment']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: The findings of MRI and pathologic investigation were correlated in curatively irradiated uterine @entity2622 . Four @entity1 having @entity189 diagnosed by biopsy underwent hysterectomy. MRI demonstrated the @entity66 in one @entity1 with pathologic confirmation of massive viable @entity5 cells (case I). Of the other three @entity1 , MRI demonstrated normal configuration of the uterine cervix. Cervical signal intensity, however, varied. Hyperintensity was noted in an area of the posterior wall on T2WI in case 2. The anterior wall of the case 2 and the other two cases showed hypointensity. Cervical specimens with normal intensity showed only a small number of degenerated @entity5 cells. On the other hand, pathologic examination of the posterior wall of the case 2 revealed both @entity5 cells with varying degrees of degeneration and @entity39 tissues. @entity5 cells was stronger in the superficial layer than the deeper layer. @entity82 , @entity548 , granulation and hyalinization were hypointense on T2WI. T2 elongation reflected not only the @entity41 but the post-irradiation changes. Post-irradiated cervix with normal intensity indicated that only a small number of degenerated @entity5 cells may persist even if the biopsy was positive. We conclude that MRI is useful in evaluating @entity5 response to radiotherapy.

title: [Uterine XXXX after radiotherapy: comparison between MR imaging and histopathological findings].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Degeneration of cancer', 'tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['residual carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To learn more about persistent @entity158 after an incision, a @entity35 model for @entity282 has been developed. To further evaluate this model, the authors examined the effect of intrathecal (IT) and subcutaneous (SC) @entity1286 , effective for @entity282 relief in @entity1 , on @entity158 immediately after surgery and 1 day after surgery. METHODS: @entity35 were anesthetized with @entity1508 , and a 1-cm incision was made in the plantar aspect of the foot and closed. After recovery, the @entity35 were placed on an elevated plastic mesh floor, and withdrawal threshold was determined using calibrated von Frey filaments (15-522 mN) applied from beneath the test cage to an area adjacent to the wound at the heel. @entity158 also were assessed using the response frequency to a nonpunctate mechanical stimulus and a cumulative @entity158 score. RESULTS: @entity1931 and nonevoked @entity158 were present on the day of surgery and 1 day after surgery. Administration of either SC (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) or IT (0.16-5.0 micrograms) @entity1286 reversibly increased the withdrawal threshold. The response frequency to the nonpunctate stimulus and the nonevoked @entity158 scores also were decreased by 3 mg/kg of SC or 5 micrograms of IT @entity1286 . @entity1510 (1 mg/kg) reversed @entity1286 -produced hypoalgesia. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that mechanical @entity1931 to a nonpunctate stimulus occurs after a surgical incision in the @entity35 . This @entity35 model of postoperative has several similarities to postoperative @entity1 : mechanical @entity1931 to punctate and nonpunctate stimuli, nonevoked @entity158 , and @entity158 inhibited by SC and IT @entity1286 . This model also may be useful for predicting @entity1337 by investigational agents for @entity282 .

title: Effect of systemic and intrathecal @entity1286 in a XXXX model of @entity282 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'Mechanical hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain behaviors', 'Pain behaviors', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity5274 (Vestimentifera) from hydrothermal vents lives in an intimate symbiosis with a @entity599 -oxidizing bacterium. That involves specific interactions and obligatory metabolic exchanges between the two organisms. In this work, we analyzed the contribution of the two partners to the biosynthesis of @entity17450 through both the "de novo" and "salvage" pathways. The first three enzymes of the de novo pathway, @entity12116 synthetase, @entity492 transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase, were present only in the trophosome, the symbiont-containing tissue. The study of these enzymes in terms of their catalytic and regulatory properties in both the trophosome and the isolated symbiotic bacteria provided a clear indication of the microbial origin of these enzymes. In contrast, the succeeding enzymes of this de novo pathway, @entity44197 dehydrogenase and @entity44198 , were present in all body parts of the worm. This finding indicates that the animal is fully dependent on the symbiont for the de novo biosynthesis of @entity6245 . In addition, it suggests that the synthesis of @entity6245 in other tissues is possible from the intermediary metabolites provided by the trophosomal tissue and from nucleic acid degradation products since the enzymes of the salvage pathway appear to be present in all tissues of the worm. Analysis of these salvage pathway enzymes in the trophosome strongly suggested that these enzymes belong to the worm. In accordance with this conclusion, none of these enzyme activities was found in the isolated bacteria. The enzymes involved in the production of the precursors of @entity12116 and @entity1568 assimilation, @entity1160 synthetase and @entity1507 reductase, were also investigated, and it appears that these two enzymes are present in the bacteria.

title: Contribution of the bacterial endosymbiont to the biosynthesis of XXXX in the @entity5274 .

entities_list: @entity44198 :: ('7372', 'Gene') :: ['orotate phosphoribosyltransferase']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamyl phosphate', 'carbamyl-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity44197 :: ('MESH:C004768', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroorotate']

entities_list: @entity17450 :: ('MESH:D011742', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['deep-sea tube worm Riftia pachyptila']

entities_list: @entity6245 :: ('MESH:D011743', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidines']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

answer: @entity17450 :: (MESH:D011742,Chemical) :: ['pyrimidine nucleotides']


abstract: Sorting of membrane proteins between compartments of the secretory pathway is mediated in part by their transmembrane domains (TMDs). In animal cells, @entity9321 length is a major factor in Golgi retention. In @entity375 , the role of @entity9321 signals is less clear; it has been proposed that membrane proteins travel by default to the vacuole, and are prevented from doing so by cytoplasmic signals. We have investigated the targeting of the @entity375 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) t-SNARE @entity42814 . We show that the @entity535 sequence of the @entity42814 @entity9321 is important for both function and ER targeting, and that the requirements for each are distinct. Targeting is independent of @entity42815 , the only candidate sorting receptor for @entity9321 sequences currently known. Lengthening the @entity42814 @entity9321 allows transport along the secretory pathway to the vacuole or plasma membrane. The choice between these destinations is determined by the length and composition of the @entity9321 , but not by its precise sequence. A longer @entity9321 is required to reach the plasma membrane in @entity375 than in animal cells, and shorter TMDs direct proteins to the vacuole. @entity9321 -based sorting is therefore a general feature of the @entity375 secretory pathway, but occurs by different mechanisms at different points.

title: Transmembrane domain-dependent sorting of proteins to the ER and plasma membrane in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research reports that 48% of veterans regularly experience and express concern over @entity158 . Outpatient service use is higher for veterans with @entity158 than for veterans without @entity158 . Our study objective was to identify differences in outpatient utilization between @entity1 and @entity1 veterans with @entity1118 . METHODS: We identified all @entity1 and @entity1 veterans at the Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center in fiscal year (FY) 2002 between the ages of 21 and 60 that had two visits for the same @entity158 location at least 6 weeks apart as determined by ICD-9 coding. @entity1 and @entity1 were age-matched at a 2:1 ratio. We then compared the number of outpatient visits between genders in FY 2003. RESULTS: We identified 406 female and 812 male veterans. The mean number of clinic visits for @entity1 was 25.2 (SD 30.2) and for @entity1 17.6 (SD 24.1). After adjusting for multiple @entity158 sites, psychiatric diagnoses, age, and comorbidities, @entity1 veterans had a 27% higher rate of outpatient visits than @entity1 (incidence rate ratio [RR] 1.27, 95% confidence [CI] 1.15 to 1.41). Specifically, @entity1 had higher rates of visits to primary care ( @entity4736 .36, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.50), physical therapy ( @entity4736 .67, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.33), and other clinics ( @entity4736 .28, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.44), and had a higher rate of visits to @entity158 ( @entity4736 .15, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.30) than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to examine gender differences in @entity1118 and utilization in the veteran population. @entity1 veterans with @entity1118 may need more resources to adequately manage @entity1118 conditions as well as associated comorbidities and @entity146 .

title: Gender differences in health care utilization among veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['address pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After 9/11/2001, some Fire Department of New York (FDNY) workers had excessive lung function decline. We hypothesized that early serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) expression predicts World Trade @entity651 (WTC- @entity3162 ) years later. METHODS: This is a nested case-control analysis of never-smoking male firefighters with normal pre-exposure Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) who had serum drawn up to 155 days post 9/11/2001. Serum @entity3334 , 2,3,7,8, 9, 12 and 13 were measured. Cases of WTC- @entity3162 (N = 70) were defined as having an FEV1 one standard deviation below the mean (FEV1  <= 77%) at subspecialty pulmonary evaluation (SPE) which was performed 32 months (IQR 21-53) post-9/11. Controls (N = 123) were randomly selected. We modeled MMP's ability as a predictor of cases status with logistic regression adjusted for time to blood draw, exposure intensity, weight gain and pre-9/11 FEV1. RESULTS: Each log-increase in @entity1549 and @entity10885 showed reduced odds of developing WTC- @entity3162 by 73% and 54% respectively. @entity1549 and @entity10885 consistently clustered together in cases, controls, and the cohort. Increasing time to blood draw significantly and independently increased the risk of WTC- @entity3162 . CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum levels of @entity1549 and @entity10885 reduce the risk of developing WTC- @entity3162 . At any level of @entity1549 or 12, increased time to blood draw is associated with a diminished protective effect.

title: Early elevation of serum @entity1549 and @entity10885 predicts protection from World Trade XXXX in New York City Firefighters: a nested case-control study.

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Center-Lung Injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Center-lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 represents 3% of all @entity5 . Metastatic deposits of @entity1358 to the head and neck region are infrequent. The objective of this work is to analyze the clinical presentation, radiologic features, surgical and radiotherapy treatment, and outcome of @entity1358 to the nose and sinuses. METHODS: Retrospective review of 6 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 who had nasal metastasis develop and were seen at the Christie Hospital in Manchester over the past 8 years. RESULTS: Six @entity1 with @entity1358 were seen with recurrent @entity1415 , @entity8968 , and unpleasant nasal crusting. Three @entity1 had orbital involvement. Examination under general anaesthesia and biopsy was performed in all 6 cases. Histologic studies confirmed metastases of @entity1358 in all 6 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent local external beam radiotherapy. The most common dose used was 35 Gy in 8 daily fractions. All @entity1 had symptomatic control of local nasal disease with a minimum follow-up of 2 years in 4 @entity1 . Two @entity1 died within 6 months of the radiotherapy treatment as a result of their primary @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 to the nose and paranasal sinuses is rare but has unpleasant symptoms. Local symptomatic control with radiotherapy is excellent.

title: XXXX to the nose and paranasal sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma', 'Metastatic renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous Phase II trials evaluating @entity1311 as a single agent have produced objective response rates of 38-40%. However, in these studies @entity1 had recurrent disease and had received previous treatment with chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, or some combination of the same. To the authors' knowledge, the study reported here is the first to examine the role of @entity1311 in affecting objective antitumor response, as a single agent, in a previously untreated @entity1 population. METHODS: @entity1 with untreated, resectable, advanced @entity957 of the @entity135 were eligible for this Phase II trial. The treatment plan included @entity1311 250 mg/m(2) administered by 24-hour intravenous infusion every 21 days for a total of 3 courses and primary prophylaxis with colony stimulating factor during each course of chemotherapy. Surgical resection was performed after recovery from the final course of chemotherapy. After adequate wound healing, @entity1 received external beam radiotherapy (median dose to primary site, 55.8 Gray [Gy]; median dose to neck sites, 50.4 Gy). RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were registered. Thirty-eight @entity1 completed the planned chemotherapy, 41 @entity1 underwent surgical resection, and 37 @entity1 completed the intended radiotherapy. The objective response rate was 50% (10% complete response; 40% partial response). Severe or life-threatening (Grade 3 or higher) @entity3028 or @entity882 occurred in 78% and 27% of @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 died of @entity295 . Seventy-one percent, 67%, and 91% of @entity1 were free of local, lymph node, and distant recurrence, respectively, with a median follow-up of 37 months. The 4-year overall survival and disease-related survival rates were 44.4% and 52.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that @entity1311 is an active agent in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 . However, the overall disease control, achieved by using @entity1311 as induction therapy, did not appear to be better than that achieved with standard treatment methods. Combined modality regimens with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have demonstrated more promise.

title: Induction @entity1311 in previously untreated, resectable, advanced XXXX of @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the most common radiological procedures for the diagnosis of @entity5 -like lesions of the salivary glands. The aim of the present study was to determine whether MRI or CT provide additional information besides that delivered by US. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: 109 @entity1 with a @entity5 -like lesion of the salivary glands underwent surgery. MRI and CT were arranged in 73 and in 40 @entity1 respectively, whereas all 109 @entity1 were prospectively diagnosed by US. The results of CT, MRI and US were compared with the histological outcome. Furthermore, the recent rise in the number of CT and MRI studies was investigated. RESULTS: On CT and MRI, there was no rise in the percentage of @entity5 or advanced surgical procedures. In respect of the radiological assessment of the lesion (benign/malignant) and the correct diagnosis, CT, MRI and US were comparable in terms of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. No significant difference was found in the Chi-square test (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the preoperative results of CT, MRI and US revealed no advantage for CT or MRI; these procedures are only required in specific cases. An update or revision of the current preoperative diagnostic management is deemed necessary.

title: Neither MRI, CT nor US is superior to diagnose XXXX in the salivary glands--an extended case study.

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefit of elective primary @entity5 resection for non-curable stage IV @entity14 ( @entity14 ) remains largely undefined. We wanted to identify risk factors for @entity260 and short survival. METHODS: Using a prospective database, we analyzed potential risk factors in 233 @entity1 , who were electively operated for non-curable stage IV @entity14 between 1996 and 2002. @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 , resectable metastases, emergency operations, and non-resective surgery were excluded. Risk factors for increased postoperative morbidity and limited postoperative survival were identified by multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity694 (CC = 156) and @entity5 (RC = 77) were comparable with regard to age, sex, comorbidity, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, carcinoembryonic antigen levels, hepatic spread, @entity5 grade, resection margins, 30-day mortality (CC 5.1%, RC 3.9%) and postoperative chemotherapy. pT4 @entity5 , @entity189 , and non-anatomical resections were more common in @entity694 @entity1 , whereas enterostomies (CC 1.3%, RC 67.5%, p < 0.0001), @entity834 (CC 7.7%, RC 24.2%, p = 0.002), and total surgical complications (CC 19.9%, RC 40.3%, p = 0.001) were more frequent after rectal surgery. Independent determinants of an increased postoperative morbidity were primary @entity5 , @entity99 load >50%, and comorbidity >1 organ. Prognostic factors for limited postoperative survival were @entity99 load >50%, pT4 @entity5 , lymphatic spread, @entity7077 resection, and lack of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Palliative resection is associated with a particularly unfavorable outcome in @entity5 @entity1 presenting with a locally advanced @entity5 (pT4, expected R2 resection) or an extensive comorbidity, and in all @entity14 @entity1 who show a @entity99 load >50%. For such @entity1 , surgery might be contraindicated unless the @entity5 is immediately life-threatening.

title: Determinants of morbidity and survival after elective non-curative resection of stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon and rectal cancer']


abstract: The feasibility and efficacy of treating @entity1 with locally recurrent or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or @entity135 with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity900 , and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) was tested. Treatment was given every 28 days and consisted of @entity900 , 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; @entity1487 , 1,000 mg/m2 by continuous infusion on days 1-3; and @entity1199 , 12 million units/m2 by i.v. bolus on days 15-19. Thirty-four @entity1 (22 @entity1149 , 12 @entity135 ) were registered in the study. The median age was 58 years; 59% had Karnofsky performance status of 70-80% and over one-half received prior therapy. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and 29 (18 @entity1149 , 11 @entity135 ) were evaluable for response. Twenty-five @entity1 experienced at least one grade 3 or 4 @entity137 , but these @entity137 were transient and, in general, well tolerated. The response rate was 37% for @entity1149 (0 complete response, 7 partial response) and 55% for @entity135 (2 complete response, 4 partial response). Two @entity1 with @entity135 responded to treatment after failing prior therapy with @entity900 / @entity1487 alone. The combination of @entity1199 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 is tolerable and active for treatment of @entity1149 and @entity135 ; the combination may not be cross-resistant with other chemotherapy combinations. Further studies of @entity1199 combined with @entity900 / @entity1487 are warranted to determine the most effective dose and schedule.

title: @entity1199 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 for @entity1 with non-small cell lung and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head/neck cancer', 'head/neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head/neck carcinomas']


abstract: A common observation in neurological practice is @entity304 with concomitant @entity73 , an association that usually arises from various underlying @entity455 , most of which are untreatable. An elderly @entity1 with no history of @entity146 disease presented complaining of @entity73 serious enough to interfere with daily life activities over the preceding year. She soon developed a predominantly left-sided @entity400 , @entity2003 and @entity2845 . She had had only 2 years of formal education. Neuropsychological assessment showed poor performance on Wechsler memory scale sub-items, as well as constructional @entity1742 , @entity1056 , reasoning difficulties and gross information deficits. A 3-month trial course of levodopa was followed by dramatic improvement in both @entity304 and cognitive performance, including a 7-point gain in the Mini-Mental Status Examination score. At the same time, the Beck Depression Inventory score fell from 27 (baseline) to 18. Over the 10-year follow-up period the @entity1 developed @entity1064 and a persistent but mild @entity14256 , but never manifested @entity303 as defined by DSM-III-R criteria. This @entity1 's case illustrates three important principles. First, although @entity304 is known to be preceded by @entity308 episodes, particularly in a subgroup of younger @entity1 , the symptoms of the elderly @entity1 whose @entity191 is foreshadowed by @entity308 can mimic @entity308 @entity13593 , potentially leading to diagnostic @entity911 . Second, impaired motivation and disturbances in cognitive function are different from @entity1316 , as the former involve the mesolimbic/mesocortical @entity935 system, explaining the beneficial effect of levodopa on motivation and cognition in this @entity1 even as mood was unaffected. Finally, @entity308 @entity13593 in @entity191 does not necessarily herald the development of @entity303 in the long term.

title: [Depressive @entity13593 in early XXXX : lessons from a case with long-term follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative or vascular conditions']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism', 'parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['organic dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['memory and cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['dyscalculia']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['pseudodementia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1064 :: ('MESH:C536774', 'Disease') :: ['late levodopa syndrome']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: In January 2012, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) of Canada recommended that males aged 9-26 years receive the @entity1082 ) vaccine to protect against genital warts and @entity5 . Estimated HPV vaccine uptake rates for Canadian males are extremely low. Using a content analysis of Canadian newspaper articles, this study investigated what information about the HPV vaccine was relayed to the public, and how this content was portrayed following the 2012 male HPV vaccine recommendation. A search was conducted using Proquest Canadian Newsstand Complete for newspaper articles published between January 1, 2012, and September 1, 2014. Researchers coded 232 articles on several relevant dimensions: article information; epidemiological information; public policy information; article topic; article and title tone; and informant testimony. The majority of articles (93%) mentioned that @entity1 are eligible for the HPV vaccine, whereas only half (49%) mentioned male eligibility. While most articles associated HPV with @entity5 (85%), fewer indicated its relation to other @entity5 (59%) or genital warts (52%). Most articles (60%) were positive or neutral (22%) in tone toward the HPV vaccine, while few had mixed messages (11%) or were negative (6%). Less than 5% of articles reported on issues of morality, suggesting that fears that the HPV vaccine causes promiscuity have largely subsided. Notably, article tone toward male vaccination became progressively more positive over time. However, half of the articles did not mention the vaccine's approval for males, and articles tended to report HPV's relation to @entity5 over other @entity5 . The Canadian public may thus be unaware of male eligibility and the importance of HPV vaccine for males. The collaboration of researchers, health care providers, and policymakers with journalists is critical in @entity9273 .

title: Giving XXXX a Shot: The HPV Vaccine's Portrayal in Canadian Newspapers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-associated cancers', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity9273 :: ('OMIM:167959', 'Disease') :: ['order to disseminate complete and accurate HPV and HPV vaccine information']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Boys']


abstract: AIMS: Our research has been aimed at identifying the role the risk mechanisms described in Goodman and Gotlib's (1999) model (genetic-biological, interpersonal, social learning related cognitive and stress related factors) play in leading to an increased risk of @entity308 in @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Genetic-biological factors were assessed with the help of certain temperament characteristics and interpersonal factors with parental educational purpose, educational attitudes, educational style and parental treatment. In the case of factors related to social learning, we looked at dysfunctional attitudes and attributional style. As far as the stressors are concerned, we observed the quality of family atmosphere and the number of the positive and negative life events of the preceding six months and their subjective evaluation. 681 students took part in the research (465 females and 216 males). RESULTS: Results of our research have shown that all of the increased risk mechanisms, namely the genetic-biological, interpersonal, social learning related cognitive, and stress related factors are connected with the development of a susceptibility to @entity308 , explaining 41.4% of the variance in @entity308 symptoms in @entity1 , and 36.5% in @entity1 . Harm avoidance, a genetic-biological factor, proved to be the most significant risk mechanism, irrespective of sex. Among the environmental factors - irrespective of sex - a stress related factor, the subjective evaluation of negative life experiences, which implies an increased sensitivity to stress, proved to be the strongest risk mechanism. While the above factors played an important role in the development of a susceptibility to @entity308 in both sexes, cognitive and interpersonal risk mechanisms related to the social learning differed in their degree in @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , the social learning related mechanisms proved to be stronger and higher impact risk factors than in @entity1 . The effect of interpersonal factors seemed to be relatively the weakest in the development of an increased risk of @entity308 . LIMITATIONS: The results of our research cannot be extrapolated to Hungarian youth aged 18-23 years due to the limitations of our sample. CONCLUSION: A mental hygienic interpretation of our research findings suggests that in the future more emphasis should be put on the personality development of college and university students, especially on the development of such competences which help them in effectively in their struggle against @entity308 mood.

title: [Gender differences in proneness to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity5 very rarely metastasize to the mammary gland, the incidence of which is reported as 0.5-2%. Clear cell @entity242 is a rare @entity5 , accounting for approximately 1% of all soft tissue @entity5 , which commonly occurs in the distal extremities of young adults aged approximately 20 to 40 years. So it is also called @entity320 of soft parts because it frequently produces melanin. We report a case of a 26-year-old @entity1 who presented with a neck mass. The mass was surgically removed, and pathological diagnosis was clear cell @entity242 of the neck, harboring the @entity37117 chimeric gene. Computed tomography detected a right breast mass 11 months after operation. She was referred to our department, and the right @entity0 was resected. Histopathological examination revealed a 2.5-cm, well-defined mass composed of nests of small, spindle-shaped @entity5 cells with abundant, clear cytoplasm containing round nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The @entity5 cells were immunohistochemically positive for HMB45, S-100, and Melan-A. These findings led to a diagnosis of @entity3 of clear cell @entity242 to the mammary gland. This is the first report of clear cell @entity242 of the neck which metastasized to the mammary gland.

title: Clear cell XXXX of the neck which metastasized to the mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Sickness behaviors are the behavioral alterations animals exhibit during the course of an @entity281 , often accompanied by reduced reproductive activity. Adopting @entity146 may aid in overcoming the @entity281 , by diverting energy from routine activities towards enhancement of the immune system. Nonetheless, @entity146 are plastic, being influenced by specific environmental and social circumstances. Here, we tested whether the presentation of a novel female to males suffering from a simulated @entity281 could impact the behavioral effects of sickness, the reproductive axis, or both. METHODS: Male zebra finches were housed in isolation and injected intramuscularly with lipopolysaccharide or saline. Behaviors were recorded before (3 h before injection) and after (3.5 h after injection) addition of a novel female to the cage for 30 min. Four hours after injection, we collected the brain and testis for the analysis of important reproductive axis modulators, @entity4396 , and gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone, and to quantify gene expression of a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of @entity146 [ @entity1356 ]. @entity251 was quantified in the plasma. RESULTS: The presence of a novel female diminished @entity146 and induced alterations in the reproductive axis within 30 min, with no associated changes in brain gene expression of @entity1356 . Social environment itself altered brain gene expression of @entity1356 . CONCLUSIONS: Male zebra finches prioritize the opportunity to mate versus investment in recovery from an @entity281 , as determined by reduced expression of @entity146 when a potential mate was present. The behavioral effects of @entity1356 appear to be context dependent in this species.

title: The impact of exposure to a novel female on symptoms of XXXX and on the reproductive axis.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sickness behaviors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Auditory @entity16 (ANSD) among @entity1 with @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and discuss the risk factors. METHODS: The study group was comprised of @entity1 diagnosed with ANSD. Criteria for inclusion in the study group were as follows: permanent @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ); normal transient evoked or distortion product OAEs; absent or elevated @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ); severely abnormal or absent ABR waveform. All newborns were screened via a two-stage protocol, involving OAEs and ABR for the repeatedly referred cases and all neonates with one or more risk factors. RESULTS: From 2002 to 2011, 9419 @entity1 whose hearing ability was uncertain or who had risk factors for @entity393 were investigated. From this population, 352 were diagnosed with @entity1274 . Of these 352 @entity1 , 18 (5.1%) were diagnosed with ANSD. In the ANSD group, prematurity and low birth weight (<1500 g) were observed in 5 cases; ototoxical medication in 8 cases; mechanical ventilation in excess of 5 days in 5 cases. @entity3638 was observed in 7 cases, but severe @entity3638 requiring an exchange transfusion was not observed; 4 @entity1 had no risk factors, 6 @entity1 had only one risk factor, and the 8 remaining had two or more risk factors. CONCLUSION: Auditory @entity16 is not an extremely rare @entity2167 . Screening for @entity393 via OAEs, @entity2172 and ABR examinations concurrently are essential for the accurate diagnosis of ANSD.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX in a screened newborn population at risk for @entity393 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['MEMR', 'middle-ear muscle reflexes']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disorder']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia', 'Hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify a combination of sonographic features that best predicts @entity43 . METHODS: Subjects included 249 @entity1 who had a transvaginal sonogram for a pelvic mass at Brigham and @entity1 's Hospital between December 2005 and February 2010. Subjects underwent surgery for removal of the mass and pathologic diagnosis was available. Images were reviewed retrospectively by one sonologist blinded to diagnosis and clinical information. Twelve sonographic features were scored for each mass. The dataset was divided into training (n = 149) and testing (n = 100) sets. Within the training set, a stepwise logistic regression was used to weigh each variable and combination of features to identify those associated with @entity5 . Using the results from the logistic regression analyses, we created a three-level risk stratification that was applied to the sonograms of subjects in the testing set to assess its ability to distinguish benign lesions from invasive and borderline @entity5 . RESULTS: High risk lesions included all masses with internal vascularity. In our testing set, this feature was present in 9 out of 12 (75%) invasive @entity5 , 1 out of 6 (16.7%) borderline lesions, and 9 out of 82 (11%) benign masses. The intermediate risk level included lesions with a thick wall or thick septa without internal blood flow. This combination of features identified one additional invasive @entity5 and 5 out of 6 (83.3%) borderline @entity5 . Masses with low risk features had @entity3750 (4.0%) incidence of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of high or intermediate risk sonographic features, the risk of @entity5 is low.

title: Sonographic predictors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian malignancy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to show that abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials on the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) in @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 are caused by endolymphatic hydrops. SUBJECTS: six normal volunteers and 17 @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 were examined. METHODS: click-evoked myogenic potentials were recorded with surface electrodes over each SCM. Responses evoked by clicks recorded after oral administration of @entity653 (1.3 g/kg body weight) were compared with those recorded before administration. RESULTS: the change rate of the @entity4668 -n23 amplitude was calculated. The mean+standard deviation (S.D.) of the change rate was 3.52+14.6% in normal subjects. On the unaffected side of @entity1 the change rates were within the normal range (within the mean+/-2S.D.) in 13 @entity1 , and three ears showed significant decrease. Only one ear showed significant increase. On the affected side, five ears showed significant increase of the amplitude while two ears showed significant decrease after oral administration of @entity653 . Effects on evoked myogenic potentials were independent of those on pure tone hearing. CONCLUSION: vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in some @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 were improved by oral administration of @entity653 . This result suggests that abnormal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in @entity1 with unilateral @entity9303 could result from endolymphatic hydrops.

title: @entity653 affects vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: A population of 199 @entity1 from Rochester, MN, was followed from the time of their first carotid or vertebral-basilar @entity63 ( @entity63 ). @entity1 treated with anticoagulants had no significant difference in survival from untreated @entity1 . Among @entity1 with carotid @entity63 who received anticoagulants, the net probability of @entity64 was slightly but not significantly lower than in untreated @entity1 . The difference favoring treated @entity1 with @entity63 was significant starting at three months. The rate of @entity932 was higher higher among all patients receiving anticoagulant treatment than among untreated @entity1 and was significantly higher among those 55 to 74 years old. Almost all the @entity548 occurred after a year or more of anticoagulant treatment and in @entity1 more than 65 years old. @entity1 with high diastolic blood pressure had a significantly higher net probability of @entity64 than did @entity1 with lower blood pressure and those receiving antihypertensive drugs. By implication, treatment of @entity101 was effective in preventing @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity63 . Linear discriminant analysis and actuarial analysis indicated that diastolic blood pressure and anticoagulant therapy were the only factors that influenced @entity64 occurrence. There was no suggestion that previous @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity340 , @entity943 , or @entity712 --individually or in combination--influenced the occurrence of @entity64 or survival.

title: Carotid and vertebral-basilar transient XXXX attacks: effect of anticoagulants, @entity101 , and cardiac disorders on survival and @entity64 occurrence--a population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'vertebral-basilar TIA', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: A major goal in @entity5 gene therapy is to develop efficient gene transfer protocols that allow tissue-specific and tightly regulated expression of therapeutic genes. The ideal vector should efficiently transduce @entity5 cells with minimal @entity137 on normal tissues and persistently express foreign genes. One of the most promising regulatory systems is the @entity3927 / @entity3927 -regulated system, which has much lower basal transcriptional activity and high inducibility. In this work, we modified this system by incorporating a @entity5 -specific promoter, the @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) promoter. By utilizing @entity2215 promoter to control the regulator, @entity3927 could specifically induce the expression of foreign genes in @entity5 cells but not in normal cells. In the context of this system, a dominant negative mutant of @entity181 (surDN) was controllably expressed in @entity14 cells. The surDN expression induced by @entity3927 showed a dosage- and time-dependent pattern. Regulated expression of surDN caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in @entity14 cells but had little effect on normal cells. Analysis of cell viability showed that @entity3927 -induced expression of surDN suppressed @entity14 cell growth and had synergic effect in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. The potential of this system in @entity5 therapy was evaluated in experimental animals. @entity5 xenograft models were established in @entity19 with @entity14 cells, and @entity3927 was intraperitoneally administered. The results showed that conditional expression of surDN efficiently inhibited @entity5 growth in vivo and prolonged the life of @entity5 -burdened @entity19 . Synergized with the chemotherapeutic drug @entity900 , regulated surDN expression completely suppressed @entity5 growth. These results indicated that this modified @entity3927 -regulated system could be useful in @entity5 -targeting therapy.

title: Suppression of XXXX growth by regulated @entity181 targeting.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone', 'RU486']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: @entity3852 is a rare and aggressive @entity1489 . We retrospectively reviewed five @entity1 treated from January 1987 to December 1995. The mean age was 75 years (range, 65-85). There were three primary lesions of the head and neck and two of the extremities. Three were stage II and two were stage III. All primary @entity5 underwent wide excision with clear margins. Four @entity1 recurred, with a mean time to recurrence of 10 months (range, 2-17). All @entity5 were positive for immunohistochemical stains (cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase). Only the two @entity1 who did not have radiotherapy to the primary site had a local recurrence. There was regional recurrence in two of the three @entity1 who had adjuvant radiotherapy to regional lymph nodes. One @entity1 who had a wide excision of the @entity75 , prophylactic lymph node dissection (15 of 34 lymph nodes were positive), and adjuvant chemotherapy is alive and disease free at 23 months. Three @entity1 have died with disease, and two are alive and disease free. @entity3852 should be treated aggressively with wide excision of the @entity75 (3-cm margins), and prophylactic lymphadenectomy followed by irradiation to the primary site. If lymph node involvement is detected, then irradiation to the lymph node region must be performed. The role of chemotherapy in this disease is not well defined.

title: XXXX : an aggressive @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor of the skin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: CT findings following pneumonectomy were studied in 28 cases with @entity2 . A total of 53 CT images were evaluated in 13 right pneumonectomy cases and 15 left pneumonectomy @entity1 . The postpneumonectomy pleural space (PS), thoracic space of @entity3337 ( @entity3337 ) and the thoracic space of the non-operated site (CTS) were measured at 3 slice levels of the brachiocephalic level, subcarinal level and lower pulmonary vein level, using a digital planimeter. There was no significant difference in the @entity3337 /CTS ratio, between the right pneumonectomy group and the left pneumonectomy group, but the PS/ @entity3337 ratio in the left pneumonectomy group was smaller than that in the right pneumonectomy group (p less than 0.01). The PS/ @entity3337 ratio in both groups and the @entity3337 /CTS ratio in the right pneumonectomy group were decreased with time. In the left pneumonectomy group, the @entity3337 /CTS ratio was greater in the median sternotomy group that of the posterolateral thoracotomy group (p less than 0.01). @entity1143 was accompanied with a thin circulating lesion along the outer surface. This lesion had been reported as thickening of the parietal pleura, but it could be detected in the case of panpleuropneumonectomized state. Additionally, in some cases, the parietal pleural imaging could be separated from the circulating lesion. So, this structure was thought to be mainly composed of organized effusion. CT images could detect some parts of the episodes in post operated thorax, because of the lack of the information with the sagittal direction. However, the recognition of the common changes and images on CT after the operation might be helpful for the follow-up of the @entity1 .

title: [CT findings of post-pneumonectomy XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Residual pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3337 :: ('MESH:D009371', 'Disease') :: ['the operated site', 'TS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Protein breakdown by proteases is basic to the plant response to abiotic stresses such as drought. A large number of genes encoding proteases or putative proteases exist in plants. Only a few of those involved in the response to drought have been characterized, and their regulation is poorly understood. We have identified two new subtilases from leaves of @entity11297 . cultivar Zorin, PvSLP1 and PvSLP2. PvSLP1 was identified at the gene level, using primers based on the gene sequence of the putative drought induced @entity563 protease from Arachis hypogaea L. In @entity19321 , expression of the PvSLP1 transcript did not change on water withdrawal. PvSLP2 was isolated and characterized at the protein level, together with complete gene and cDNA sequences. The deduced @entity535 sequences of both PvSLP1 and PvSLP2 are characteristic of plant subtilases of the S8 family of clan SB. PvSLP2 shows 33% sequence identity to PvSLP1. Expression of the PvSLP2 transcript did not change on withdrawal of water, but its proteolytic activity in leaves increased, depending on the age and position of the leaf. In addition, the level of activity in senescent leaves of well watered plants was higher than in mature or young leaves. These results, together with the fact that PvSLP2 cleaves peptide bonds following an @entity534 residue, point to regulation of PvSLP2 subtilase activity at translational and/or post-translational levels and suggest a specific role in the response to drought and senescence.

title: Characterization of two novel subtilases from common bean ( XXXX .) and their responses to drought.

entities_list: @entity11297 :: ('3885', 'Species') :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris L']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity11297 :: (3885,Species) :: ['Phaseolus vulgaris L']


abstract: The transfer effects of scanning training of right-brain-damaged @entity64 @entity1 with @entity227 have been studied. Five @entity1 were treated according to a B-C-B-D design. The first B phase lasted for 2, 4, or 6 weeks, whereas the other intervention phases had a fixed duration of 2 weeks. During all phases physical therapy was given. Additionally, occupational therapy was applied during the B phases, training on a scanning apparatus during the C phase, and training on reading tasks during the D phase. At least three times in each intervention phase, performance was measured using a computerized visual scanning test, a line bisection test, and a letter cancellation test. In addition, wheelchair navigation was assessed. For four out of the five @entity1 a significant positive effect of visual scanning training on visual scanning behaviour was found. This effect, however, appeared to be restricted to the task which was specifically trained. Over the group as a whole no evidence could be found for any transfer of visual scanning training effects to the domain of gross motor skills.

title: The transfer of scanning training effects in @entity227 after XXXX : five single-case studies.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inattention']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Genetic factors have been implicated in @entity571 ( @entity571 ), particularly in @entity571 of the @entity572 joint ( @entity570 ). Several instances of familial @entity570 that show distinctive modes of inheritance but that differ from @entity1610 have been reported. Here, we report the characterization of a large Japanese family with an @entity74 that is indistinguishable from common @entity570 , as evidenced by clinical symptoms and radiographs of the joint. This family contained eight @entity1 in 4 generations. Affected individuals develop @entity158 in the @entity572 joint during adolescence, and the disease progresses to severe crippling before age 60 years. @entity1 generally are in good health, height is not reduced, and there is no extraskeletal involvement suggestive of @entity1610 . The skeletal change is bilateral @entity7195 followed by @entity571 , which occurs after age approximately 40 years and is indistinguishable from idiopathic @entity570 . This trait shows autosomal dominant inheritance, with a considerably consistent phenotype. Genomewide screening revealed linkage at chromosome 13q22, and haplotype analysis narrowed the locus to a 6.0-cM interval between markers D13S1296 and D13S162, with a maximal multipoint LOD score of 3.57. The family described here represents a novel genetic entity as a monogenic form of @entity570 . Its further characterization can aid in elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of a common idiopathic form of @entity571 .

title: @entity571 of the @entity572 joint associated with XXXX maps to chromosome 13q.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity7195 :: ('OMIM:142700', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease of the hip']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['nonfamilial dysplastic hip OA', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity7195 :: (OMIM:142700,Disease) :: ['acetabular dysplasia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) modulates hippocampal plasticity, which is believed to be altered in @entity1 with @entity308 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of the @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism on hippocampal and amygdala volumes in @entity1 with @entity308 and in healthy control subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison between @entity1 and controls. SETTING: Inpatients with @entity308 from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and healthy controls from the community were recruited. @entity1 : The study population of 120 subjects included 60 @entity1 with @entity308 and 60 healthy controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using a combined strategy, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were estimated on high-resolution magnetic resonance images, and genotyping was performed for the @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism. RESULTS: @entity1 had significantly smaller hippocampal volumes compared with controls (P = .02). Significantly smaller hippocampal volumes were observed for @entity1 and for controls carrying the Met- @entity2252 allele compared with subjects homozygous for the Val- @entity2252 allele (P = .006). With respect to amygdala volumes, no significant differences between @entity1 and controls and no significant main effects for the @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These genotype-related alterations suggest that Met- @entity2252 allele carriers might be at risk to develop smaller hippocampal volumes and may be susceptible to @entity308 . This study supports findings from animal studies that the hippocampus is involved in brain development and plasticity.

title: Association of the @entity2252 @entity14691 polymorphism with reduced hippocampal volumes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['Brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val66Met']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: In this comparative in vivo study of dendritic @entity460 accumulation, we describe the time course and spatial integration properties of two classes of visual interneurons in the lobula plate of the blowfly. @entity460 accumulation was measured during visual motion stimulation, ensuring synaptic activation of the neurons within their natural spatial and temporal operating range. The compared cell classes, @entity346 ( @entity346 ) and @entity262 ( @entity262 ) cells, are known to receive retinotopic input of similar direction selectivity, but to differ in morphology, biophysics, presence of dendrodendritic synapses, and computational task. 1) The time course of motion-induced @entity460 accumulation was highly invariant with respect to stimulus parameters such as pattern contrast and size. In @entity262 cells, the rise of [ @entity141 ](i) can be described by a single exponential with a time constant of 5-6 s. The initial rise of [ @entity141 ](i) in @entity346 cells was much faster (tau approximately 1 s). The decay time constant in both cell classes was estimated to be at least 3.5 times longer than the corresponding rise time constant. 2) The voltage-[ @entity141 ](i) relationship was best described by an expansive nonlinearity in @entity262 cells and an approximately linear relationship in @entity346 cells. 3) Both cell classes displayed a size-dependent saturation nonlinearity of the @entity460 accumulation. Although in @entity346 cells @entity460 saturation was indistinguishable from saturation of the membrane potential, saturation of the two response parameters differed in @entity262 cells. 4) There was spatial overlap of the @entity460 signal in response to nonoverlapping visual stimuli. Both the area and the amplitude of the overlap profile was larger in @entity346 cells than in @entity262 cells. Thus @entity460 accumulation in @entity346 cells is spatially blurred to a greater extent than in @entity262 cells. 5) The described differences between the two cell classes may reflect the following computational tasks of these neurons: @entity346 cells relay retinotopic information within the lobula plate via dendritic synapses with pronounced spatial low-pass filtering. @entity262 cells are output neurons of the lobula plate, in which the slow, local @entity460 accumulation may be suitable for local modulatory functions.

title: In vivo XXXX accumulation in presynaptic and postsynaptic dendrites of visual interneurons.

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['centrifugal horizontal', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['horizontal system', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Role of osmolytes is though well established for salt, drought and chilling stress, but their role in pesticide stress is yet to be explored thoroughly. The sporadic information covers our previous studies on @entity1521 with respect to @entity1304 and @entity17284 pesticides in cyanobacteria. Therefore, during the present investigation importance of osmolytes (exogenous and endogenous) is studied in cyanobacterial biofertilizer @entity6702 in the presence of 25, 50, 75 and 100  g mL(-1) @entity2959 pesticide. Present investigation has two parts. In the first part we showed that @entity2959 exert its toxic effect on growth (biomass) via. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and @entity273 ( @entity274 ). This was associated with quantitative enhancement of endogenous osmolytes ( @entity1521 , @entity969 , @entity2656 , @entity7970 and glycogen). In the second part effort was made to corelate effect of exogenous addition of osmolytes (which were detected in the first part of this study) on growth and antioxidant enzymes [like @entity224 dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and @entity9050 peroxidase (APX)] of A. variabilis in the presence of 100  g mL(-1) @entity2959 . Surprisingly it was observed that exogenous osmolytes gave additional protection to the organism. The order of protection provided by osmolytes was as trehalose>glycogen> @entity969 > @entity2656 > @entity1521 in A. variabilis.

title: Exogenous osmolytes suppresses the toxic effects of XXXX on @entity6702 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1304 :: ('MESH:D004726', 'Chemical') :: ['endosulfan']

entities_list: @entity2959 :: ('MESH:D008294', 'Chemical') :: ['malathion']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

entities_list: @entity6702 :: ('1172', 'Species') :: ['Anabaena variabilis']

answer: @entity2959 :: (MESH:D008294,Chemical) :: ['malathion']


abstract: The standardized aqueous extract of leaves of Pachyptera hymenaea (DC.) belonging to family Bignoniaceae was investigated for possible antinociceptive effect in @entity19 . Three different models were used to study the effects of extract on nociception, namely @entity1543 -induced writhing test, @entity406 test (paw licking test) and tail flick test in @entity19 . The extract was administered 1h prior to @entity158 induction in the dose range of 25, 50 and 75mg/kg orally. The extract at the given dose range reduced the @entity1543 induced nociception by 44.03, 52.90 and 62.46% respectively. The extract reduced @entity406 effect in both the phases of experiment by 32.36, 41.94, 54.29% and 35.39, 50.17, 55.86% respectively. In the tail flick study, animals' reaction time were increased by 22.69, 38.24 and 40.26% at the above selected doses respectively at 120min after drug administration. @entity1510 (2mg/kg; s.c.) significantly antagonized the effect of extract in @entity406 and tail flick method, while partially antagonized the effect in writhing test. However @entity5834 completely reverted the extract effect in both the phases of @entity406 test. Results of these studies revealed that the extract have significant antinociceptive activity in the used models with a possible involvement of central mechanism and @entity859 system.

title: Antinociceptive activity of aqueous extract of Pachyptera hymenaea (DC.) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Cytogenetic and molecular analyses of @entity259 have indicated that these @entity5 represent a good model for analyzing @entity1 epithelial cell multistep carcinogenesis. They comprise, in fact, a broad spectrum of lesions with different phenotypes and variable biological and clinical behavior. Molecular analysis has detected specific genetic alterations in the different types of @entity259 . In particular, the well-differentiated @entity189 of the papillary type are characterized by activation of the receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs), @entity8958 and @entity2250 proto-oncogenes. Cytogenetic analysis of these @entity5 has contributed to defining the chromosomal mechanisms leading to RTK oncogenic activation. In the majority of cases, intrachromosomal inversions of chromosome 10 and chromosome 1 led to the formation of @entity8958 -derived and @entity2250 -derived oncogenes, respectively. Interestingly, molecular analysis of these oncogenes revealed their nature of chimeric fusion proteins all sharing the @entity669 kinase (TK) domains of the respective proto-oncogenes. Moreover, the sequencing of the oncogenic rearrangements led to the identification of a breakpoint cluster region in both RTK proto-oncogenes. @entity66 is associated with @entity1377 and @entity8958 activation has been suggested to be related to this event. Conversely, RAS point mutations are frequently observed in @entity5 with follicular histology and have been associated with metastatic dissemination. @entity14200 areas seem to provide a higher frequency of @entity189 . Finally, a high prevalence of TPS3 point mutations has been detected only in undifferentiated or @entity189 and found to correlate inversely with 8CL2 expression. All of these findings are contributing to the definition of genetic and environmental factors relevant for the pathogenesis of @entity259 . Moreover, the characterization of specific @entity74 could provide significant molecular tools for a better differential diagnosis and for the development of novel therapeutic avenues for @entity259 .

title: Cytogenetics and molecular genetics of XXXX arising from thyroid epithelial follicular cells.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Exposure to ionizing radiation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14200 :: ('MESH:C564766', 'Disease') :: ['Iodide-deficient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'anaplastic carcinomas', 'RAS positive follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In today's porcine industry, @entity1273 has a major welfare and economic impact, and is often caused by @entity6995 ( @entity6995 ). The etiological factors of the disease have been studied in depth, however, to this day, little is known about the natural course of the disorder and how it can be detected at an early stage in @entity1707 . The aim of this pilot study was to assess the potential of three non-invasive techniques for the detection and monitoring of early @entity6995 processes in piglets. A group of weaned piglets (n   =   19) were examined longitudinally using radiographs, a @entity227 scoring scheme and a quantitative pressure-mat based locomotion analysis system to detect @entity6995 in the humeroradial, femoropatellar and @entity2720 . At several time points, a selection of animals was euthanized for post-mortem examinations, including histology, which was the gold standard. RESULTS: In this study, clear signs of subclinical signs of @entity6995 were observed, however, we were unsuccessful in producing clinical @entity6995 . Lesions were observed to be commonly bilaterally symmetric in the joints examined in 80  % of cases. The radiographic examinations showed a clear correlation with the gold standard, particularly when subclinical lesions were of a high histological score. Moreover, radiography was also able to detect the early repair processes, which appeared to take place at least until 14  weeks of age. Both visual scoring and pressure mat analyses showed good intra-assay reproducibility, with the pressure mat showing intra-class correlation values between 0.44 and 0.6 and the inter-observer agreement of visual scoring method was between 88 and 96  %, however their correlation to @entity6995 lesions detected by histology was very weak, with only 2 out of 12 traits for the visual scoring method showing significant and biologically logical relations to a specific joint having histological @entity6995 lesions. For the pressure mat, only a maximum of 5 associations for specific joints with histological @entity6995 lesions were found out of a possible 8. CONCLUSION: All tested in-vivo methods showed good reproducibility. Radiography was the most reliable technique to detect and monitor longitudinally the earliest signs of @entity6995 in these piglets. It also demonstrated that the "Point of No Return" (PNR) of the disease, when repair processes end, might be later than anticipated, after 13  weeks of age. All in all, our study shows that the timing of the use of these in-vivo methods is critical to detect and monitor @entity6995 , especially in the early phases of the disease. It also shows the difficulty in producing @entity6995 regardless of the optimization of the experimental settings in relation to the etiological factors known to induce @entity6995 .

title: A longitudinal study on the performance of in vivo methods to determine the osteochondrotic status of young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual lameness']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tarsocrural joints']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic @entity74 have been associated with premature @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity74 was determined in 102 kindreds (n = 603 subjects) in whom the proband had significant @entity453 documented by angiography before the age of 60 years. Fasting plasma @entity165 , @entity412 , low density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , apolipoprotein (apo) B, and lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ] values above the 90th percentile and high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and apo A-I below the 10th percentile of age- and sex-specific norms were defined as abnormal. An abnormality was noted in 73.5% of probands compared with 38.2% in age-matched controls (p less than 0.001), with a low HDL @entity165 level ( @entity9680 ) being the most common abnormality (39.2% of cases). In these kindreds, 54% had a defined phenotypic familial lipoprotein or @entity74 . The following frequencies were observed: @entity3452 excess, 18.6% (includes 12.7% with no other @entity2299 ); @entity2298 with @entity9680 , 14.7%; @entity5703 , 13.7% (11.7% with and 2.0% without @entity9680 ); hyperapobetalipoproteinemia (elevated apo B only), 5%; @entity9680 , 4%; @entity1007 (elevated LDL only), 3%; @entity2298 , 1%; decreased apo A-I only, 1%. Overall, 54% of the probands had a @entity2299 ; unclassifiable @entity4977 (spouse also affected) were found in 3%. No identifiable @entity2299 was noted in 43% of kindreds of those; nearly half (45%) had a @entity4977 . Parent-offspring and proband-spouse correlations for these biochemical variables revealed that lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels are in part genetically determined, with @entity3452 showing the highest degree of parent-offspring correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that more than half of @entity1 with premature @entity453 have a @entity74 , with @entity3452 excess, @entity2298 with @entity9680 , and @entity5703 with @entity9680 being the most common abnormalities.

title: @entity74 in @entity1 with premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemias', 'familial dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalphalipoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['lipoprotein disorders', 'such disorders', 'familial lipoprotein disorder', 'apolipoprotein disorder']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic lipid disorder', 'lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1 with clinically node negative (cNo) high grade @entity189 benefit from an elective neck dissection prior to postoperative radiotherapy (RT). MATERIAL/METHODS: Between October 1964 and October 2009, 59 previously untreated @entity1 with cNo high-grade @entity189 ( @entity957 were excluded) were treated with curative intent using elective neck dissection (END; n=41), or elective neck irradiation (ENI; n=18) at the University of Florida College of Medicine (Gainesville, FL). All @entity1 underwent resection of the primary @entity5 followed by @entity86 . The median follow-up period was 5.2years (range, 0.3-34years). RESULTS: Occult @entity3 were found in 18 (44%) of the 41 @entity1 in the END group. There were 4 recurrences (10%) in the END group and 0 recurrence in the ENI group. Neck control rates at 5years were: END, 90%; ENI, 100%; and overall, 93% (p=0.1879). Cause-specific survival was 94% in the ENI group, 84% in the END group, and 86% for all @entity1 (p=0.6998). There were 3 reported grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Two @entity1 had a @entity86 and one @entity1 had a grade 4 @entity7190 that required a partial mandibulectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with cNo high grade @entity189 who are planned to undergo surgery and @entity86 likely do not benefit from a planned neck dissection.

title: Elective neck management for high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fistula', 'postoperative RT']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['salivary gland carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic @entity409 are characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic @entity99 that often result in @entity1575 with its associated complications such as @entity157 . Liver biopsy still represents the reference standard for @entity82 staging, although transient elastography is increasingly used for non-invasive monitoring of @entity82 progression. However, this method is not generally available and is associated with technical limitations emphasizing the need for serological biomarkers staging of @entity1575 . The enhanced @entity1575 (ELF) score was shown to accurately predict significant @entity1575 in different @entity409 , although extracellular matrix components detected by this score may not only mirror the extent of @entity1575 but also inflammatory processes. METHODS: In this prospective biopsy-controlled study we evaluated the utility of the ELF score in comparison to transient elastography to predict different stages of @entity82 in 102 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 . RESULTS: Both techniques revealed similar area under receiver operating characteristic curve values for prediction of advanced @entity82 stages. Compared to transient elastography, the ELF score showed a broader overlap between low and moderate @entity82 stages and a stronger correlation with @entity99 . CONCLUSIONS: Both the ELF score as well as transient elastography allowed for high quality @entity82 staging. However, the ELF score was less discriminative in low and moderate @entity82 stages and appeared more strongly influenced by @entity99 . This should be considered when making clinical interpretations on the basis of ELF score values.

title: Biopsy-controlled @entity1575 staging using the enhanced XXXX (ELF) score compared to transient elastography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory liver injury', 'liver injuries']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']