abstract: Effects of topically applied @entity3009 (PG) D2 on the aqueous outflow facility, uveoscleral flow, and aqueous flow rate were studied in @entity95 to reveal its intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing mechanism. The outflow facility after PGD2 application (50 micrograms) as measured by 2-min tonography was 0.19 microliters/min/mm Hg and did not differ from that before the application (0.22) or from that of the control contralateral eye (0.21). Direct measurement of the uveoscleral flow by perfusion of the anterior chamber for 30 min with @entity2822 -labeled dextran solution showed the flow rate to be about 0.15 microliters/min in @entity3352 -treated (10 mg/kg, i.p.) @entity95 . In these animals, PGD2 (50 micrograms) was ineffective in changing the flow rate, while PGF2 alpha (50 micrograms) significantly increased the flow by about 35%. Indirect assessment of the effects of PGs on this flow system was made using the uveoscleral flow-antagonizing ability of topical @entity2134 (1.5 mg). @entity2790 by PGD2 (50 micrograms) was only slightly inhibited by @entity2134 , while that by PGF2 alpha (10 micrograms) was markedly reduced. Aqueous flow rate measured fluorophotometrically was about 3.5 microliters/min in normal eyes. After PGD2 (50 micrograms) the flow rate was significantly reduced to 3.0 microliters/min. The magnitude of this reduction was estimated to be enough to account for the @entity2790 after application of 50 micrograms of PGD2. These results indicate that @entity2790 caused by topical PGD2 application is due mostly to the inhibition of aqueous flow rate.

title: Effect of topical prostaglandin D2 on the aqueous humor dynamics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOP reduction']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prophylactic use of the @entity737 ( @entity737 ) has been shown to decrease mortality in @entity1 with @entity308 left ventricular ejection function (LVEF  <= 35%). Whether this beneficial effect persists in the presence of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is not established. METHODS: We examined the medical records of @entity1 with LVEF  <= 35% and @entity1030 and analyzed the data for total mortality by @entity737 status. Each @entity737 @entity1 was matched by age and LVEF with two to three controls. The Charlson comorbidity index and propensity score were used to correct for differences in comorbidities and biases between the study groups. RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity1 (30 with @entity737 and 70 controls) were included in this analysis. The overall cohort had a mean age of 65    15 years with a predominance of white (79%) @entity1 (72%). Compared to controls, @entity737 @entity1 had a wider QRS complex (150    32 ms vs 110    24 ms, P < 0.001) and were less likely to be on @entity134 therapy (10% vs 31%, P = 0.018) for @entity1030 . At a mean follow-up of 3.1    2.7 years, @entity737 @entity1 had a lower total mortality (2-year survival of 88% in the @entity737 group vs 59% in the controls, P = 0.016). The lower death rate in the @entity737 group persisted after correcting for differences in the QRS interval and for discrepancies race and in the incidence of @entity134 use in a multivariate Cox regression model (odds ratio = 0.300, adjusted P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1030 extract survival benefit from the @entity737 and should therefore not be denied this life-saving therapy.

title: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators confer survival benefit in XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter-defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2909 is a rare @entity5 of the oesophagus, which does not cause clinical symptoms in more than half of cases. Below we present the case of a symptomless oesophageal @entity5 . Due to the unequivocal result of imaging examinations and no histopathological diagnosis the @entity1 was qualified for thoracotomy. During the @entity5 was suspected of passing through the hiatus into the abdominal cavity. The specimen revealed a @entity5 of mesenchymal origin without distinct traits of @entity5 . The @entity1 was admitted to the Surgical Department, where she was qualified for surgery, which was carried out by a team of surgeons and thoracic surgeons. The encapsulated @entity5 and oesophagus were resected. The histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations corres ponded to @entity2909 oesophagi. The lesion was radically resected. The size of the lesion was 22 * 14 * 13 cm. Three months after the surgery no traits of relapse were found.

title: XXXX as a diagnostic and therapeutic problem - a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['operation the oesophageal tumour', 'benign tumour', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma', 'Oesophageal leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Giant oesophageal leiomyoma']


abstract: @entity137 with @entity1712 and @entity16 (DRESS) or @entity7586 is considered as a severe cutaneous @entity137 which is most commonly precipitated by aromatic anticonvulsants, @entity2812 , @entity3761 , @entity208 , @entity1214 , and @entity3378 . Its clinical manifestations are often variable. On rare occasions, it can present with only systemic involvement without any cutaneous features. A complete drug history is of paramount importance in making an early diagnosis. We report the case of a male @entity1 who presented with @entity221 , @entity3329 , @entity828 , and @entity99 , 2 weeks after starting @entity3378 . The presence of atypical lymphocytes in the peripheral smear was indicative of a @entity1800 or a @entity1503 . Bone marrow examination revealed a normocellular marrow with an increase in eosinophil precursors. Investigations for the common causes for @entity221 and @entity99 were negative. The presence of @entity1712 , the temporal relationship of the symptoms with the initiation of treatment with @entity3378 , and the marked improvement on withdrawal of the drug along with the administration of systemic @entity288 , were features consistent with the diagnosis of DRESS. With the incidence of this condition showing a rising trend, it is important for the clinician to be aware of its variable manifestations, as a delay in diagnosis and treatment can be fatal.

title: @entity137 with @entity1712 and XXXX without skin rash.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Drug reaction', 'adverse drug reaction']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['systemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological dyscrasia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['salazopyrin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['systemic symptoms']


abstract: During @entity55 increased amounts of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and reactive @entity1568 intermediates (RNI) are produced as a consequence of phagocyte respiratory burst. One of the manifestation of these free radical-mediated processes is lipid peroxidation (LP). The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of lipid peroxidation products (LPPs), @entity346 ( @entity346 ) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), in @entity1 with active @entity1906 . Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled into the study. Half (group I) had advanced @entity1906 and were sputum smear-positive. The remainder (group II) had only small radiographical changes and were sputum smear-negative. Serum concentrations of @entity346 and @entity1865 were measured at days 0, 7, 14 and 28 in group I and day 0 in group II. We found that in all @entity1 with active @entity1906 CCD (1.0 +/- 0.05A233) and @entity2027 (2.01 +/- 0.16 nmol dl-1) were significantly elevated compared to healthy controls (0.67 +/- 0.03A233 and 1.36 +/- 0.08 nmol dl-1, respectively) (P < 0.001). The highest levels of LPPs were in @entity1 with advanced @entity1906 . These concentrations were stable during the first month of anti-tuberculous therapy. Our data indicated that, as in @entity2028 , LPPs were enhanced in active @entity1906 . The levels of LPPs depended on the form of the disease as they were higher in subjects with advanced disease than in those with only small radiographical changes. Further studies are needed to assess the role of antioxidants as adjuvant therapy in @entity1 with @entity358 .

title: Increased serum concentrations of @entity346 and @entity1234 in XXXX with pulmonary tuberculosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conjugated diens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study is to assess paracentesis utilization and outcomes in hospitalized adults with @entity82 and @entity843 . METHODS: The 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify adults, non-electively admitted with diagnoses of @entity82 and @entity843 . The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Variables included @entity1 and hospital demographics, early (Day 0 or 1) or late (Day 2 or later) paracentesis, @entity99 , and spontaneous @entity298 . RESULTS: Out of 8   023   590 admissions, 31   614 met inclusion criteria. Among these hospitalizations, approximately 51% (16   133) underwent paracentesis. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.6%. There was a significantly increased mortality among @entity1 who did not undergo paracentesis (8.9% vs 6.3%, P   <   0.001). @entity1 who did not receive paracentesis died 1.83 times more often in the hospital than those @entity1 who did receive paracentesis (95% confidence interval 1.66-2.02). @entity1 undergoing early paracentesis showed a trend towards reduction in mortality (5.5% vs 7.5%) compared with those undergoing late paracentesis. @entity1 admitted on a weekend demonstrated less frequent use of early paracentesis (50% weekend vs 62% weekday) and demonstrated increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.12 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.25). Among @entity1 diagnosed with spontaneous @entity298 , early paracentesis was associated with shorter length of stay (7.55 vs 11.45   days, P   <   0.001) and decreased hospitalization cost ( 61   624 vs  107   484, P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Paracentesis is under-utilized among cirrhotic @entity1 presenting with @entity843 and is associated with decreased in-hospital mortality. These data support the use of paracentesis as a key inpatient quality measure among hospitalized adults with @entity82 . Future studies are needed to investigate the barriers to paracentesis use on admission.

title: The benefit of paracentesis on hospitalized adults with XXXX and @entity843 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic decompensation']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y agonists target @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) quiescent stem cells in vitro by decreasing transcription of @entity11715 . Here in the ACTIM phase 2 clinical trial, we asked whether @entity12098 add-on therapy to @entity2213 would impact @entity1860 , as assessed by BCR- @entity1861 transcript quantification. METHODS: @entity1860 @entity1 were eligible if treated with @entity2213 for at least 2 years at a stable daily dose, having yielded major molecular response (MMR) but not having achieved molecular response 4.5 (MR(4.5) ) defined by BCR- @entity1861 / @entity1861 (IS) RNA levels   <=    0.0032%. After inclusion, @entity1 started @entity12098 at a dosage of 30 to 45   mg/day in addition to @entity2213 . The primary objective was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of @entity1 having progressed from MMR to MR(4.5) over 12 months. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 were included (age range, 24-79 years). No pharmacological interaction was observed between the drugs. The main adverse events were @entity1017 in 12 @entity1 and a mean decrease of 0.4   g/dL in hemoglobin concentration. The cumulative incidence of MR(4.5) was 56% (95% confidence interval, 37%-76%) by 12 months, despite a wide range of therapy duration (1.9-15.5 months), and 88% of 17 evaluable @entity1 who were still on @entity2213 reached MR(4.5) by 48 months. The cumulative incidence of MMR to MR(4.5) spontaneous conversions over 12 months was estimated to be 23% with @entity2213 alone in a parallel cohort of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity12098 in combination with @entity2213 was well tolerated and yielded a favorable 56% rate. These results provide a proof of concept needing confirmation within a randomized clinical trial (EudraCT 2009-011675-79). @entity5 2016.    2016 The Authors. @entity5 published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American @entity5 Society.

title: @entity12098 together with @entity2213 in XXXX : A proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia', 'CML residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: The present study was designed to assess whether acute rejection affects myocardial energy content of the @entity1 orthotopically transplanted heart. @entity855 content was measured in one tissue sample obtained during 46 routine right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies 6 to 455 days (98 +/- 110) after transplantation in 19 @entity205 -treated transplant recipients. Tissue samples were immediately frozen in liquid @entity1568 within 10 seconds after excision. @entity855 analysis was performed with high performance liquid chromatography. Three groups of biopsy specimens were classified according to the standardized cardiac biopsy grading system. Group 1: Eight biopsy specimens without rejection; group 2: 24 biopsy specimens with mild rejection; group 3: 14 biopsy specimens with moderate or severe rejection. Graft systolic function evaluated by echocardiographic fractional shortening was in the normal range the day of biopsy. All @entity1 had normal coronary angiograms within 1 month of the study. In the presence of mild rejection (grade 1A or 1B), @entity855 content was not significantly different from that of nonrejecting hearts (26.15 +/- 7.1 and 28.57 +/- 8.23 nmol/mg protein, respectively). By contrast, a significant decrease in @entity855 content was observed when moderate or severe rejection with focal or @entity146 were present (10.46 +/- 4.11 nmol/mg protein; p < 0.01 versus two other groups). In seven cases, sequential analysis showed a significant increase in @entity855 content after rejection therapy concomittant with histologic improvement: 10.19 +/- 2.9 before and 30.13 +/- 7.0 nmol/mg protein after treatment (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Myocardial high-energy phosphate depletion in allograft rejection after orthotopic XXXX heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse aggressive infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'Adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Much progress has been made over the last few years in understanding and classifying @entity4094 . The heart is frequently affected but often in a dissociated manner with respect to the neuromuscular signs although it has a significant impact on the prognosis. In @entity1 and adolescents, the dystrophinopathies, especially @entity1555 , are the principal problems but the mild arrhythmic events observed seem to be related to @entity1002 . On the other hand, in @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ), @entity943 or @entity8526 may appear at an early stage of the disease with serious consequences justifying appropriate follow-up and invasive preventive measures. @entity12654 and other laminopathies are rare conditions but are associated with @entity944 and @entity296 of the young adult. Specialised cardiological follow-up is justified in childhood from the time of diagnosis. Medication or implantable electric devices may be justified before the end of the second decade of life. Progressive @entity616 have also been reported in Kearns-Sayre oculo-pharyngeal @entity121 . Prospective studies are required at this age to determine the natural history of these pathologies that are probably under diagnosed. The present recommendations, which are based mainly on data from adult series, could then be adapted for younger @entity1 .

title: [ @entity943 follow-up of @entity1 and adolescents with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['infra-hisian conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ["Duchenne's muscular dystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity12654 :: ('MESH:D020389', 'Disease') :: ['Emery Dreifuss X-linked dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophies', "Steinert's disease"]

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the efficacy of topical viscous 2% @entity3303 jelly for the alleviation of @entity158 experienced during the instrumentation of mandibular third molar extraction sites diagnosed with @entity11037 and for @entity158 relief during the postinstrumentation period. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty adult @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity11037 in a mandibular third molar extraction site were included in this prospective, double-blind study. Each @entity1 had their sutures removed, the socket irrigated, and 2% @entity3303 jelly placed on the tip and side of the tongue to blind the @entity1 against the test substances. The subjects were then randomly distributed into two groups. Group 1 had a nonactive jelly base placed into the socket 2 minutes prior to the placement of a standard obtundant dressing. Group 2 had viscous 2% @entity3303 jelly placed into the socket in the same manner. @entity1 subjectively quantified their @entity158 intensity pretreatment, during instrumentation, immediately postmanipulation, at 5-minute intervals to 30 minutes, and at 45 and 60 minutes. They also subjectively quantified their @entity158 relief at each of the time intervals following instrumentation. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the pretreatment @entity158 experienced by both groups. The use of 2% @entity3303 jelly had a measurable (P = .056), but not statistically significant, effect on @entity158 due to instrumentation. At every time interval thereafter, the use of 2% @entity3303 jelly elicited a statistically significant (P < .05) decrease in @entity158 perception, and a statistically significant increase in @entity158 relief when compared with the inactive jelly. CONCLUSION: Topical viscous 2% @entity3303 jelly is a useful adjunct during the treatment of @entity11037 , especially in the early (< or = 60 minutes) postinstrumentation period.

title: Evaluation of topical viscous 2% @entity3303 jelly as an adjunct during the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity11037 :: ('MESH:D004368', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar osteitis']

answer: @entity11037 :: (MESH:D004368,Disease) :: ['alveolar osteitis']


abstract: In @entity15 ( @entity15 ), it seems likely that the variability of the long-term disability might be partly due to the variability of the early gray matter (GM) injury. In the present study, we assessed the variability of @entity62 in early @entity15 , using a method designed to determine individual pathological GM patterns. Eighteen @entity1 presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome and 24 healthy matched control subjects were included in this study. @entity1 were explored using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner (Magnetom Vision Plus; @entity5377 ). Brain MR protocol included magnetization transfer ratio imaging (MTR). Statistical mapping analyses were performed to compare each subject's GM MTR maps with those of the whole group of control subjects (SPM5). The statistical threshold was taken to be the maximum P value showing no significant cluster when any control individual was compared with the whole control population. @entity62 were observed in 83% of the @entity1 , ranging in size from 0.3 to 125 cm(3). Among the @entity1 with @entity62 , 87% had abnormalities located in the temporal cortex, 80% in the frontal cortex, 80% in the limbic cortex, 73% in the posterior fossa, 53% in the deep GM, 47% in the parietal cortex, and 47% in the occipital cortex. Individual statistical mapping of MTR data, which gives a quantitative assessment of individual GM lesions, demonstrates great variability of grey @entity62 in the first stage of @entity15 .

title: Individual voxel-based analysis of brain magnetization transfer maps shows great variability of gray @entity62 in the first stage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GM abnormalities', 'matter injury', 'GM injury']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the incidence, treatment, surgery rate, and anthropometry at diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed between January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009 in Eastern Denmark, Funen, and Aarhus were included from a background population of 668,056 @entity1 <15 years of age. For evaluation of incidence, treatment, and surgery rate, a subcohort from Eastern Denmark was extracted for comparison with a previously published population-based cohort from the same geographical area (1998-2006). RESULTS: In all, 130 @entity1 with @entity29 : 65 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 62 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), and three with @entity29 unclassified (IBDU) were included. The mean incidence rates per 10(6) in 2007-2009 were: @entity29 : 6.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.4-7.7), @entity30 : 3.2 (2.5-4.1), @entity31 : 3.1 (2.4-4.0) and IBDU: 0.2 (0.05-0.5). Comparing the two cohorts from Eastern Denmark we found higher incidence rates for @entity29 (5.0 and 7.2 in 1998-2000 and 2007-2009, respectively, P = 0.02) and @entity30 (2.3 versus 3.3, P = 0.04). Furthermore, we found a significant decrease in surgery rates (15.8/100 @entity1 -years versus 4.2, P = 0.02) and an increase in the rate of initiating immunomodulators (IM) within the first year (29.0/100 @entity1 -years versus 69.2, P < 0.001). IM use was associated with a trend towards a decreased surgery risk (relative risk [RR] 0.38; 0.15-1.0). @entity1 with @entity30 had poor nutritional status at diagnosis compared with the general pediatric population. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past 12 years we found an increase in the incidence of @entity29 in @entity1 , an increasing use of IM, and decreasing 1-year surgery rates. @entity30 @entity1 had poor nutritional status.

title: Pediatric XXXX : increasing incidence, decreasing surgery rate, and compromised nutritional status: A prospective population-based cohort study 2007-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 766 Background: Response to chemotherapy in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 is recognised as an important prognostic factor and may lead to a better selection of @entity1 to be addressed to surgery. METHODS: From 1990 to 2001, 328 consecutive @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 were submitted to systemic therapy with @entity5948 containing regimens. One hundred fifty-seven @entity1 (48.3%) had bone @entity3 , 130 (40.0%) lung, 93 (28.0%) liver, 123 (37.7%) skin/lymphnodes, 3 (12.5%) brain and 16 (4.9%) other sites of disease. One hundred ninety-two (58.5%) @entity1 had one site of disease, and 136 (41.5%) two or more. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 (17.4%) attained a complete response (CR), 141 (43.9%) a partial response (PR), 72 (22.4%) a @entity66 ( @entity66 ), while 31 (9.7%) @entity1 @entity2789 ( @entity2789 ). All @entity1 were evaluated for surgery of residual disease and nineteen (5.8%) were radically resected (1 showing a CR, 15 a PR, 2 a @entity66 and 1 a @entity74 ). Nine (47.4%) of them had liver @entity3 , 6 (31.6%) lung, 3 (15.8%) bone, and 1 (5.3%) spleen @entity3 . At the last follow-up on December 2003, 14 (73.7%) radically operated @entity1 @entity2789 and 11 (57.9%) died. Median time to progression in radically resected @entity1 was higher [91.4 months (ms)] as compared to overall population (10.9 ms) and to the @entity1 subset attaining a disease response (13.6 ms). All @entity1 with radically resected metastatic @entity79 showed disease progression in bone, whereas the @entity1 with spleen metastasis had liver progression. Among the 9 @entity1 with liver @entity3 radically operated, 3 did not progress, 4 @entity2789 in liver, 2 in bone, and 1 in lung. In @entity1 with radically resected lung @entity3 , 3 did not progress, 1 @entity2789 in bone, 1 in lung and 1 in liver. Median overall survival was 30.6 ms in overall cases and 95.4 ms in those radically resected. CONCLUSIONS: Radical surgery of metastatic @entity0 is associated to long survival but is feasible in a very few proportion of @entity1 . This treatment modality is not curative but sometimes it may change the natural history of the disease, as suggested by the recurrence in bone after removal of visceral @entity3 . Supported by the Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Chemotherapy followed by surgery of residual disease in metastatic XXXX : A single institution prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressed']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. The specificity and sensitivity of the olfactory organ of adult @entity3392 , @entity3392 , to selected @entity535 , @entity6741 , and @entity134 odorants were characterized using the electro-olfactogram recording technique. The olfactory organ was responsive to 28 of the 29 odorants tested. 2. All of the 100 microM @entity535 and @entity6741 stimulants elicited a negative-going response that was significantly greater than the response to the artificial fresh-water control. The general pattern of relative stimulatory effectiveness established for the @entity535 stimuli was neutral @entity1522 > basic @entity1522 > acidic @entity1522 > @entity12720 . The general pattern of relative stimulatory effectiveness of 100 microM @entity6741 stimuli was @entity2226 -conjugated @entity3645 > @entity2228 -conjugated @entity3645 approximately non-conjugated @entity3645 . The responses to the most stimulatory @entity6741 odorants were up to 40% larger than the responses to the most stimulatory @entity535 odorants. 3. The response threshold for @entity462 and @entity7362 , the most stimulatory of the @entity535 and @entity6741 stimuli tested, was approximately 10(-8) M. Females are significantly more sensitive to these odorants than males.

title: Specificity and sensitivity of the olfactory organ of the @entity3392 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholic acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity12720 :: ('MESH:D007098', 'Chemical') :: ['imino acids']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: Airway inflammation is characterized by intraluminal influx of inflammatory cells, exudation of plasma, and increased procoagulant activity. We speculated that inflammatory cells might adhere to the airway surface epithelium in order to better localize and regulate airway inflammatory responses. Therefore, in this study, we asked whether neutrophils adhere to airway epithelial cells, whether serum or plasma factors increase adhesion, and, if so, what the characteristics of the involved adhesion molecules are. To answer these questions, we incubated @entity1 51Cr-labeled neutrophils from peripheral blood with @entity235 tracheal epithelial cells in culture in the presence or absence of normal human serum or plasma. After 30 min, nonadhering neutrophils were centrifuged away and neutrophil adhesion was assessed by radioassay. We found that unstimulated adhesion of neutrophils to cultured epithelial cells was quite low (< 6%). However, incubation with 10% serum or plasma increased adhesion of neutrophils to epithelial cells dramatically (up to a mean of 71%). The serum-induced increase in adhesion was concentration dependent; even 1% serum was effective (19% adhesion). Serum adhesion factor acted selectively on epithelial surfaces, was heat sensitive, had a molecular weight > 12,000, and depended on the presence of divalent cations. mAb 60.3 (anti- @entity1454 ) and mAb anti-Mol (anti- @entity9536 , anti- @entity9637 ) inhibited serum-induced adhesion by > 50% each. We conclude that normal serum and plasma contain a potent adhesion factor that induces adhesion of neutrophils to tracheal epithelium in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Normal serum increases adhesion of neutrophils to tracheal epithelial cells by a XXXX / @entity1454 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity9536 :: (3684,Gene) :: ['CD11b']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We are motivated by the issue of classifying diseases of chronically ill @entity1 to assist physicians in their everyday work. Our goal is to provide a performance comparison of state-of-the-art multi-label learning algorithms for the analysis of multivariate sequential clinical data from medical records of @entity1 affected by @entity102 . As a matter of fact, the multi-label learning approach appears to be a good candidate for modeling overlapped medical conditions, specific to chronically ill @entity1 . With the availability of such comparison study, the evaluation of new algorithms should be enhanced. According to the method, we choose a summary statistics approach for the processing of the sequential clinical data, so that the extracted features maintain an interpretable link to their corresponding medical records. The publicly available MIMIC-II dataset, which contains more than 19,000 @entity1 with @entity102 , is used in this study. For the comparison we selected the following multi-label algorithms: ML-kNN, AdaBoostMH, binary relevance, classifier chains, HOMER and RAkEL. Regarding the results, binary relevance approaches, despite their elementary design and their independence assumption concerning the chronic illnesses, perform optimally in most scenarios, in particular for the detection of relevant diseases. In addition, binary relevance approaches scale up to large dataset and are easy to learn. However, the RAkEL algorithm, despite its scalability problems when it is confronted to large dataset, performs well in the scenario which consists of the ranking of the labels according to the dominant disease of the @entity1 .

title: Performance comparison of multi-label learning algorithms on clinical data for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic diseases']


abstract: Although @entity101 is a frequent complication of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) therapy in clinical practice, little experimental information is available on the nature and the mechanism of this form of @entity101 . We studied the effect of currently recommended therapeutic dosages of @entity870 , i.e., 5 (CSA5) and 20 (CSA20) mg.kg-1.day-1, on blood pressure and the @entity3449 - @entity1369 system (RAS) in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Influence of in vivo @entity870 treatment on in vitro @entity1808 ( @entity1808 )-stimulated @entity1369 secretion by isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells (AGC) was also measured. @entity870 treatment in SHR resulted in a consistent increase in systolic blood pressure. This increase in blood pressure occurred in the absence of significant changes in @entity1011 clearance in CSA5 @entity35 , whereas in CSA20 @entity35 a significant reduction in @entity1011 clearance was observed. Sodium balance and serum @entity460 and @entity1760 concentrations were not different between the control group and either of the two @entity870 -treated groups of @entity35 . Plasma @entity3449 concentration (PRC) and inactive @entity3449 (IR) were markedly elevated, but plasma @entity3449 substrate remained unchanged with @entity870 administration. Despite the presence of hyperreninemia, plasma @entity1369 was not elevated, suggesting that @entity870 may induce relative adrenal resistance to @entity1808 . This possibility was tested using AGC isolated from @entity870 -treated @entity35 . @entity1808 -stimulated @entity1369 secretion in AGC was diminished by low dose and aborted by high dose @entity870 -treatment. Thus @entity870 administration in SHR induces a predictable increase in blood pressure in association with " @entity6736 ."

title: Effect of XXXX on blood pressure and @entity3449 - @entity1369 axis in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6736 :: ('MESH:C537806', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: CONTEXT: Readmission after hospitalization for @entity712 is common. Early outpatient follow-up after hospitalization has been proposed as a means of reducing readmission rates. However, there are limited data describing patterns of follow-up after @entity712 hospitalization and its association with readmission rates. OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between outpatient follow-up within 7 days after discharge from a @entity712 hospitalization and readmission within 30 days. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Observational analysis of @entity1 65 years or older with @entity712 and discharged to home from hospitals participating in the Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized @entity1 With @entity712 and the Get With the Guidelines- @entity712 quality improvement program from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All-cause readmission within 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: The study population included 30,136 @entity1 from 225 hospitals. Median length of stay was 4 days (interquartile range, 2-6) and 21.3% of @entity1 were readmitted within 30 days. At the hospital level, the median percentage of @entity1 who had early follow-up after discharge from the index hospitalization was 38.3% (interquartile range, 32.4%-44.5%). Compared with @entity1 whose index admission was in a hospital in the lowest quartile of early follow-up (30-day readmission rate, 23.3%), the rates of 30-day readmission were 20.5% among @entity1 in the second quartile (risk-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.93), 20.5% among @entity1 in the third quartile (risk-adjusted HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.96), and 20.9% among @entity1 in the fourth quartile (risk-adjusted HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-1.00). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 who are hospitalized for @entity712 , substantial variation exists in hospital-level rates of early outpatient follow-up after discharge. @entity1 who are discharged from hospitals that have higher early follow-up rates have a lower risk of 30-day readmission. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00344513.

title: Relationship between early physician follow-up and 30-day readmission among Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity3580 is a rare slow-growing, locally invasive primary @entity5 arising from notochord remnants. It is characterised by a high local recurrence rate. Most @entity3580 (60%) are found in the sacrococcygeal region: only 15% originate in the mobile spine. CT-scan and MRI can help evaluate the @entity5 extension. En bloc resection of the @entity5 mass is the standard treatment. The main prognostic factor is @entity5 -negative surgical margins. Due to the location of @entity3580 , adjacent to vital neural and vascular structures, this can be difficult to achieve. Therefore radiotherapy has been used when adequate excision is not possible and in case of local recurrence. We report the case of a 72-year-old female with a recurrent @entity3580 , previously treated with resection and radiotherapy. The recurrent @entity3580 was resected using a right-sided thoraco-phreno-laparotomy as the @entity5 could not be resected using the left anterior approach or posterior approach due to extensive @entity82 following surgery and radiotherapy.

title: Recurrent XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordoma of the L2 vertebra', 'chordomas', 'chordoma', 'spinal chordomas', 'Chordoma']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma of the L2 vertebra']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study of 1-stage surgical management for multilevel @entity1511 of the upper thoracic region (MTSUTR). OBJECTIVE: MTSUTR has rarely been documented in the literature. We present a retrospective clinical study of 23 @entity1 with MTSUTR treated by anterior decompression, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion. The purpose was to determine the clinical efficacy of such surgical treatment for MTSUTR. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It is considered safe and effective to treat surgically @entity1511 with local @entity1745 . Many reports have documented a good clinical efficacy of surgical management for @entity3083 . However, how to deal with MTSUTR is rarely reported in the literature. METHODS: There were 14 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , with average age of 35 years. All @entity1 underwent 1 stage anterior debridement, strut autografting, and posterior instrumentation and received combined medication antituberculosis chemotherapy for 12 to 24 months (average 18 mo). The following data were followed up for an average period of 42 months (24 to 60 mo) in these @entity1 : deformity angle, neurologic function, and spinal bony fusion. RESULTS: The average preoperative deformity angle was 44 degrees, correcting to 20-degree postoperatively and 24 degrees at final follow up. In the series, 19 @entity1 with preoperative @entity51 restored by 1.3 grades according to Frankel. All @entity1 got bony spinal fusion within 6 months postoperatively. There was no recurrent @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage anterior debridement, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion proved safe and effective for MTSUTR, which can @entity602 and @entity85 correction.

title: One-stage surgical management for multilevel XXXX of the upper thoracic region by anterior decompression, strut autografting, posterior instrumentation, and fusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['achieve goals of complete spinal cord decompression']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous infection']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['good deformity']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']


abstract: @entity1557 are common benign breast conditions among @entity1 and account for approximately 50% of breast biopsies performed. Dietary factors are known to influence benign breast conditions in the aggregate, but little is known of their association specifically with @entity1557 . Our objective in this study was to evaluate the association between dietary and other factors and @entity1557 risk. A case-control study, nested in a randomized trial of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in Chinese textile workers in Shanghai, China, was conducted between 1989 and 2000. The study sample included 327 affected @entity1 and 1070 controls. @entity1 were administered a FFQ and a questionnaire that elicited reproductive and gynecological history and other information. Odds ratios, as estimates of relative risks, were calculated using multivariate conditional logistic regression. Significant decreasing trends in risk of @entity1557 were observed with intake of fruits and vegetables and with number of live births, and a reduced risk was also associated with natural menopause, oral contraceptive use, and moderate exercise (walking and gardening). Increased risk of @entity1557 was associated with heavy physical activity in one's 20s, @entity0 in a first-degree relative, and a history of prior benign breast lumps; and significant increasing trends in risk were observed with numbers of @entity0 per year and years of education. In conclusion, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and the use of oral contraceptives may reduce risk of @entity1557 .

title: Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of XXXX in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast self-examination', 'breast cancer', 'BSE']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['Fibroadenomas', 'fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast fibroadenomas']


abstract: 1. The identification and relative contributions of @entity1 @entity12325 ( @entity12325 ) enzymes involved in the metabolism of @entity5217 and @entity10042 in @entity1 liver microsomes were investigated using an approach based on the in vitro disappearance rate of unchanged drug. 2. Recombinant @entity4433 and @entity5322 catalysed a significant disappearance of both drugs. When the contribution of CYPs to the intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) of drugs in pooled @entity1 microsomes was estimated by relative activity factors, contributions of @entity4433 and @entity5322 were determined to be 4.6 and 96.4% for @entity5217 , and 75.1 and 35.6% for @entity10042 , respectively. 3. CL(int) of @entity5217 correlated very well with @entity5322 marker activity, whereas the CL(int) of @entity10042 significantly correlated with @entity4433 and @entity5322 marker activities in @entity1 liver microsomes from 12 separate individuals. Effects of @entity12325 -specific inhibitors and anti- @entity5322 serum on the CL(int) of drugs in pooled @entity1 liver microsomes reflected the relative contributions of @entity4433 and @entity5322 . 4. The results suggest that @entity5217 is mainly metabolized by @entity5322 , whereas @entity10042 is metabolized by both @entity4433 and @entity5322 in @entity1 liver microsomes. This approach, based on the in vitro drug disappearance rate, is useful for estimating @entity12325 identification and their contribution to drug discovery.

title: Identification and relative contributions of @entity1 XXXX isoforms involved in the metabolism of @entity5217 and @entity10042 : evaluation of an approach based on the in vitro substrate disappearance rate.

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

answer: @entity12325 :: (4051,Gene) :: ['cytochrome P450']


abstract: The @entity526 @entity17503 helicase catalyzes the unwinding of duplex DNA in a reaction that is coupled to @entity855 binding and hydrolysis. The @entity17503 protein is a stable monomer in the absence of DNA but dimerizes upon binding either single-stranded or duplex DNA, and the dimer appears to be the functionally active form of the @entity17503 helicase. As a first step toward understanding how @entity855 binding and hydrolysis are coupled energetically to DNA unwinding, we have investigated the kinetic mechanism of @entity377 binding to the @entity17503 monomer (P) using stopped-flow techniques and the fluorescent @entity855 analogue, 2'(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl-ATP (mant @entity855 ). The fluorescence of mant @entity855 is enhanced upon @entity17503 binding due to energy transfer from @entity2340 . The results are consistent with the following two-step mechanism, in which the bimolecular association step is followed by a conformational change in the P-mant @entity855 complex: P + mant @entity855 [formula: see text] P-mant @entity855 [formula: see text] (P-mant @entity855 ). The following rate and equilibrium constants were determined at 4 degrees C in 20 mM Tris.HCl (pH 7.5), 6 mM @entity1219 , 5 mM @entity8723 , and 10% (v/v) @entity653 : k+1 = (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(7) M-1 s-1; k-1 = 3.2 (+/- 0.5) s-1; k+2 = 2.9 (+/- 0.5) s-1; k-2 = 0.04 (+/- 0.005) s-1; K1 = k+1/k-1 = (3.4 +/- 0.8) x 10(6) M-1; K2 = k+2/k-2 = 73 (+/- 10); Koverall = K1K2 = (2.30 +/- 0.6) x 10(8) M-1. Similar rate and equilibrium constants are obtained with mantATP gamma S, whereas the apparent rate constant for mantAMPPNP binding is 15-fold lower than for @entity19798 and equilibrium binding is weaker (Koverall approximately 10(6) M-1). @entity17503 monomer does bind mant @entity855 in the absence of @entity1025 (Koverall approximately 5 x 10(5) M-1), although the four rate constants in the above reaction increase by at least 8-fold (k-1 and k-2 increase by approximately 100- and approximately 1000-fold, respectively). The affinities of @entity1025 for P-mant @entity855 and (P-mant @entity855 )* are 10- and 1000-fold higher than those for @entity377 -free @entity17503 monomer, indicating that the second step in the reaction is associated with a marked increase in @entity1025 affinity. The bound @entity1025 in a (P-mant @entity855 )*- @entity1025 complex dissociates at a rate that is comparable to the rate of mant @entity855 release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Kinetic mechanism of adenine nucleotide binding to and hydrolysis by the XXXX @entity17503 monomer. 1. Use of fluorescent @entity377 analogues.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The @entity2395 are a group of @entity74 caused by reduced synthesis of the a-chain of hemoglobin. We have developed and tested an @entity2395 assay that uses both multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) with Luminex-based detection and deletion PCR technologies. The MLPA assay consisted of 20 probes, 15 of which hybridized to the a-globin gene cluster and 5 that served as control probes. A PCR assay was developed to confirm the presence of heterozygous/homozygous 3.7-kb and 4.2-kb deletions. MLPA and PCR results were compared to Southern blot (SB) results from 758 and 133 specimens, respectively. Lastly, MLPA and PCR results were reviewed and summarized from 5386 clinically tested specimens. SB and MLPA results were concordant in 678/687 (99%) specimens. PCR detected all deletions detected by SB with no false positives. No deletions or duplications were identified in 2630 (49%) clinically tested specimens. Extra a-globin copies were identified in 76 @entity1 . A deletion of one or two a-globin genes was identified in 1251 (23%) and 1349 (25%) specimens, respectively, including 15 different genotypes. A deletion of three (hemoglobin H) and four a-globin genes (Hb Bart's) was observed in 65 or 3 specimens, respectively. Six @entity1 had a deletion within the a-globin regulatory region MCS-R2. Thus, MLPA plus deletion PCR identify multiple a-globin gene deletions/duplications in @entity1 being tested for @entity2395 .

title: Development and clinical implementation of a combination deletion PCR and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay for detecting deletions involving the XXXX a-globin gene cluster.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disorders']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['a-thalassemias', 'a-thalassemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The records of 203 @entity1 with T1-4 N0 @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx treated at the Dr. Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center/Rotterdam Radiotherapeutic Institute (RRTI), in 1965-1979 were reviewed. This report is confined to the 165 @entity1 treated by @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) only and focuses on the problem of relapse in the neck. A comparison is made between @entity1 treated for the @entity5 with @entity1161 portals less than or equal to 30 cm2 and @entity1 treated with larger field sizes. Sixty @entity1 suffered a local recurrence, which was followed by a relapse in the neck in 13 @entity1 . Nineteen @entity1 experienced a relapse in the neck without a previous local failure. Five of these @entity1 experienced a local failure at a later time. A multivariate analysis showed that the risk of a regional failure was significantly higher after a local failure and also for @entity1 treated with small radiation portals (less than or equal to 30 cm2). @entity1 with an advanced @entity5 stage did not have a higher risk of a regional failure. A recurrence in the neck carried a poor survival; nearly two thirds of these @entity1 died of their disease. As a recurrence in the neck seems to be correlated to the control of the @entity5 as well as to the (elective) treatment of the neck, best strategies to further increase the local/regional control are discussed.

title: @entity5 , T1-4 N0, treated by radical XXXX . Problem of neck relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['radiation therapy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our institution treats about 30 @entity1 per year with @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ). Between 2002 and 2007, our 30-day mortality averaged 58%. In July 2007, we implemented an algorithm to promote @entity439 repair (EVAR) when feasible. This report describes the outcome with this approach. METHODS: Data on @entity1 presenting with @entity1755 between July 1, 2002, and June 30, 2007, were reviewed and used for comparison to prospectively collected data. Data on @entity1 presenting between July 1, 2007, and April 30, 2009, were collected on all @entity1 after implementation of a structured protocol. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and a log-rank test were performed to compare survival times for three groups (pre-protocol, post-protocol with open surgery, and post-protocol with EVAR). RESULTS: During the study period, 187 @entity1 with @entity1755 presented to our institution. Before implementation of the algorithm, 131 @entity1 with @entity1755 presented and 128 were treated. The 30-day mortality rate was 57.8%. After implementation of the protocol, 56 @entity1 with @entity1755 were managed. Twenty-seven @entity1 (48%) underwent successful EVAR, and 24 @entity1 (43%) underwent open repair. Five @entity1 (9%) underwent comfort care only. In the post-protocol period, 5 @entity1 in the EVAR group (18.5%) and 13 @entity1 in the open group (54.2%) died during the follow-up period for an overall 30-day mortality rate of 35.3% (P = .008 vs 57.8% pre-protocol). After implementation of a structured protocol for managing @entity1755 , there was a relative risk reduction in 30-day mortality of 35% compared to the time before implementation of the protocol (95% confidence interval [CI], 14%-51%) corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 22.5% (95% CI, 6.8%-38.2%) and an odds ratio of 0.40 (95% CI, 0.20-0.78; P = .007). After adjusting for key factors predicting mortality, the odds ratio is 0.25 (95% CI, 0.10-0.57; P = .001). CONCLUSION: Use of an algorithm favoring endovascular repair resulted in a highly significant reduction in @entity1755 mortality in our urban hospital. Thirty-day mortality for open repair was no different between pre- and post-protocol eras. With modern techniques of resuscitation and surgical management, a majority of @entity1 presenting with @entity1755 can survive.

title: Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'rAAA']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in the endovascular era']


abstract: SUMMARY: Onyx @entity4222 in the endovascular treatment of @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) is uncommon. We describe five cases of Onyx @entity4222 to the heart and draining vein and its avoidance. Between February 2007 and August 2008, Onyx @entity4222 was encountered in five @entity1 with @entity2457 treated endovascularly at our institute. Procedures performed under general anesthesia consisted of two arterial approaches and three @entity1211 . Two @entity1 with @entity2457 involving the transverse-sigmoid sinus were treated by transarterial embolization using @entity19433 via the occipital artery and the posterior branch of the middle meningeal artery, respectively. A piece of Onyx was found in the right ventricle on post-embolization chest X-ray film in both @entity1 , one developed tricuspid @entity340 requiring thoracic surgery and one was asymptomatic. The other three @entity1 were treated with a combination of Onyx (34 or 18) and coils transvenously with venous Onyx @entity4222 leading to draining @entity2994 , one with dural AVF involving the tentorium died from @entity1211 , two @entity1 with bilateral @entity2457 of the cavernous sinus (one with deterioration of ocular symptoms and one without symptoms). Postoperative digital subtraction angiography confirmed the elimination of dural AVF in one @entity1 , and residual fistulae in three @entity1 . The follow-up study ranging from two to nine months (average, 4.5 months). Three @entity1 recovered to their full activities, while one had visual disturbance. Although Onyx has been considered a controllable embolic agent, its @entity4222 to other locations causing clinical deterioration can occur. This problem should be noted and prevented.

title: Onyx @entity4222 in the endovascular management of intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas', 'dural AVFs']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous rupture', 'venous approaches']

answer: @entity2457 :: (MESH:D020785,Disease) :: ['dural arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: @entity6694 is a distinct clinical entity with an unknown cause. In previous publications we stressed the age related sequential appearance of pathognomonic symptoms of @entity6694 and suggested the early central @entity942 as the pathophysiology. In this report we present a series of cinefilms made of one @entity1 at different ages which clearly show the age dependent changes of motor disturbances. Furthermore, the record of sleep-wakefulness rhythm and the series of polysomnography of another @entity1 who was on L-DOPS are presented. The results of sleep studies again confirm the early involvement of the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems and relatively early development of postsynaptic supersensitivity of the dopaminergic system. The possibility of the involvement of the cholinergic system is also suggested. The summary of the sensory evoked potentials (SEP) performed on six @entity1 is also presented and the pathomechanism of cortical involvement is discussed. Based on these new and past findings, we confirm our speculation on the pathophysiology. The basic mechanism is probably the deficient states of the monoaminergic systems occurring at a very early developmental stage. These derangements occurring at an early stage cause serious abnormality in the higher centers during development. The striking age dependent clinical manifestations and measurable physiological parameters are the reflexion of the underlying patho-physiology of @entity6694 .

title: Pathophysiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['monoaminergic deficiency disorder']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: In a randomised, double-blind study 5,000 IU heparin- @entity3859 (Dihydergot) or placebo were administered over 14 days to 107 @entity1 with recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident. The @entity1 were studied daily for recent @entity49 in the legs by means of the 125I-fibrinogen test. Thirteen @entity1 died before @entity49 had been demonstrated, 13 others were excluded by other causes. Of the 41 @entity1 in the placebo group 23 developed @entity49 , but only 11 of the 40 drug-treated @entity1 . @entity49 occurred in six @entity1 on the placebo and one @entity1 on the drug. Univariate analysis indicated that @entity712 , reduction of muscle tone, muscular power and level of consciousness favoured @entity715 . Multivariate analysis further indicated that both bed-rest of several days before start of the prophylactic treatment and @entity28 favoured @entity715 . The relative @entity715 risk increased by a factor of 15.2 when prophylactic measures were omitted. Death rate in the treated group ws 17.4%, in the placebo group 28.0%. These results indicate that a prophylactic regimen of the type described is a practicable and effective measure after recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident.

title: [Prevention of XXXX in recent ischaemic cerebrovascular accident: double-blind study with heparin- @entity3859 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['extreme obesity']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis', 'Bilateral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3859 :: ('MESH:D004087', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroergotamine mesylate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['venous thrombosis']


abstract: @entity989 of @entity3465 adversely affects premature @entity1 because of @entity26 -induced damage of the immature retinal vasculature, resulting in pathological neovascularization (NV). Our pilot studies using the @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR) showed marked increases in angiogenic mediators, including endothelins and endothelin receptor (EDNR) A. We hypothesized that activation of the endothelin system via @entity9937 plays a causal role in pathological angiogenesis and up-regulation of angiogenic mediators, including @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) in OIR. @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from post-natal day P7 to @entity14800 , treated with either vehicle or @entity9937 antagonist @entity11344 or @entity14801 antagonist @entity11345 on @entity14800 , and kept at room air from @entity14800 to @entity14802 ( @entity63 phase). RT-PCR analysis revealed increased levels of @entity14803 and @entity9937 mRNA, and Western blot analysis revealed increased @entity14803 expression during the @entity63 phase. @entity9937 inhibition significantly increased vessel sprouting, resulting in enhanced physiological angiogenesis and decreased pathological NV, whereas @entity14801 inhibition modestly improved vascular repair. OIR triggered significant increases in @entity1611 protein and mRNA for delta-like ligand 4, apelin, @entity14804 , and @entity1750 . @entity11344 treatment significantly reduced these alterations. @entity14803 expression was localized to retinal glia and pathological NV tufts of the OIR retinas. @entity14803 also induced @entity1611 protein expression in cultured astrocytes. In conclusion, inhibition of the @entity9937 during OIR suppressed pathological NV and promoted physiological angiogenesis.

title: Activation of the Endothelin System Mediates Pathological Angiogenesis during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor A', 'VEGFA']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Retinopathy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Parathyroid progenitor cells devoid of immunogenic antigens were used for @entity1 allotransplantation. Although there were many potential reasons for the expiry of transplant activity in @entity1 , we decided to exclude a subclinical form of rejection reaction, and test the rejection reaction in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were carried out on 40 conventional male @entity19 in their third month of life. The animals were housed in groups of 10 per cage in 4 cages with fitted water dispensers and fed a conventional diet based on standard pellet food. They were divided into four groups of 10 animals each, three experimental groups and one control group. Identified progenitor cells were stored in a cell bank. After testing the phenotype, viability, and absence of immunogenic properties, the cells were transplanted into @entity19 peritoneum cavity. RESULTS: Animals were observed for 9 weeks. At 9 weeks of observation, the mean serum @entity461 concentration in the experimental groups was 2.0-2.5 pg/ml, while in the control group it did not exceed 1.5 pg/ml. The immunohistochemical assays demonstrated that millions of viable cells with a phenotype identical to the endocrine cells had survived in the peritoneum. Histologic specimens from different internal organs stained for @entity461 revealed positive cells labelled with anti- @entity461 Ab in the intestinal lamina, brain, liver, and spleen. CONCLUSIONS: In the present paper we have demonstrated that xenotransplantation may be used as a model for an explanation of the immunogenic properties of cells generated from postnatal organs for regenerative therapy.

title: Xenotransplantation of XXXX cultured parathyroid progenitor cells into @entity19 peritoneum does not induce rejection reaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Old oil palm trunks that had been felled for replanting were found to contain large quantities of high @entity413 content sap. Notably, the sap in the inner part of the trunk accounted for more than 80% of the whole trunk weight. The @entity413 concentration of the sap from the inner part was 85.2g/L and decreased towards the outer part. Other @entity3363 found in relatively low concentrations were @entity969 , @entity948 , @entity3649 , @entity6122 , and @entity20689 . In addition, oil palm sap was found to be rich in various kinds of @entity1522 , organic acids, minerals and @entity2221 . Based on these findings, we fermented the sap to produce @entity1068 using the sake brewing @entity375 , @entity375 Kyokai no.7. @entity1068 was produced from the sap without the addition of nutrients, at a comparable rate and yield to the reference fermentation on YPD medium with @entity413 as a @entity505 source. Likewise, we produced @entity880 , a promising material for bio-plastics, @entity7049 , from the sap using the homolactic acid bacterium @entity16121 @entity7878 . We confirmed that @entity3363 contained in the sap were readily converted to @entity880 with almost the same efficiency as the reference fermentation on MSR medium with @entity413 as a substrate. These results indicate that oil palm trunks felled for replanting are a significant resource for the production of fuel @entity1068 and @entity880 in palm oil-producing countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia.

title: @entity1068 and XXXX production using sap squeezed from old oil palm trunks felled for replanting.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity16121 :: ('29397', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus lactis']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-lactate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast strain', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) remains unsatisfactory because of the presence of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for @entity5 recurrence and chemoresistance after hepatectomy. Drugs that selectively target CSCs thus offer great promise for @entity5 treatment. Although the antitumor effects of @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) have been reported in some @entity5 cells, its effects on CSCs remain poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity3090 on @entity1 @entity157 and colon CSCs. METHODS: HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines were enriched by sphere formation and their gene-expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. @entity3090 -induced growth inhibition in the parental cells was determined by WST-8 assay, and protein expression was assessed by western blotting. Cell cycle profile and apoptosis analysis was performed using flow cytometer. RESULTS: Sphere-derived cells grown in serum-free, nonadherent cultures showed increased expression of stem cell markers, @entity19267 , and ABC transporter genes, compared with parental cells grown in conventional culture. @entity3090 induced growth inhibition in the parental cells in a dose-dependent manner. @entity3090 also inhibited self-renewal in @entity157 and colon CSCs, attenuated the expression of stem cell markers and ABC transporter genes, which are putative molecules associated with treatment resistance in CSCs, and decreased the transcription of @entity19267 and p-Akt, resulting in inhibition of Akt signaling. @entity3090 also altered cell cycle profile and apoptosis which may in part play an important role in @entity3090 -induced @entity5 cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest that @entity3090 could be a useful chemopreventive agent for targeting @entity157 and colon CSCs, in combination with standard chemotherapies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity3089 hinders @entity1 XXXX and colon cancer sphere formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin gallate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore @entity13812 UTR-3 polymorphism and susceptibility of childhood @entity565 of Han Nationality in Beijing. METHODS: 177 asthmatics, 44 atopy, and 151 control @entity1 less than 14-years-old were enrolled in case-control study, and all subjects were investigated by ISSAC questionnaires. Dominant, recessive, co-dominant, over-dominant, and log additive model were used to do genotype analysis, and LD analysis and haplotypes of SNPs were tested by Haploview 4.1. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, @entity1 chis-square test, linkage disequilibrium analysis, and logistic analysis were performed by SAS 9.1 software to determine the association between polymorphisms of @entity13812 and susceptibility of childhood @entity565 . RESULTS: Polymorphisms were found in @entity14549 , @entity14550 , and @entity14551 , Hardy-Weinberg P > 0.05. As to allele frequencies, frequency of SNP @entity14550 @entity14552 in asthmatics were significantly increased (P < 0.05), no significant difference were found in MAF of @entity14549 and @entity14551 (P > 0.05). Genotype analysis showed that @entity14550 C/C and @entity14551 @entity6407 were associated with childhood @entity565 (P < 0.05), and odd ratios were 2.94 (1.32 - 6.53) and 0.588 (0.376 - 0.920) respectively. LD were found between @entity14550 and @entity14551 , 3 haplotypes were built. Adjusted by age, gender, parent @entity565 history, and smoking exposure, logistic stepwise analysis showed that MAF of @entity14550 , allozygote C/C of @entity14550 , and haplotype C/C were associated with susceptibility to childhood @entity565 in Chinese Han Nationality in Beijing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity13812 UTR-3 polymorphisms could be associated with the susceptibility to childhood @entity565 of Han Nation a city in Beijing.

title: [ @entity13812 UTR-3 polymorphism and susceptibility of childhood XXXX of the Han Nationality in Beijing].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Person', 'children']

entities_list: @entity6407 :: ('c|SUB|A||C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A/C']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: We examined the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF) (1.0 microgram/kg infusion for 15 min) on pulmonary hemodynamics and lung fluid balance and the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites in mediating these responses in unanesthetized @entity742 prepared with lung lymph fistulas. Platelet activating factor infusion resulted in immediate and transient @entity101 , pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary lymph flow. The lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio did not change significantly from baseline. Circulating platelet and leukocyte counts decreased immediately after @entity5567 infusion; the @entity1431 was the result of a rapid decrease in both the neutrophil and mononuclear leukocyte counts. Arterial @entity7489 (TxB2) concentration increased after the PAF infusion, but the @entity9077 (a prostacyclin degradation product) concentration did not change from baseline. A chemically similar substance, Lyso-PAF, had no effect on the pulmonary hemodynamic, lymph, and hematologic parameters or the @entity3448 generation. Administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, @entity5728 or @entity3352 , prior to PAF infusion prevented @entity7489 generation and attenuated the pulmonary hemodynamic response. The initial pulmonary lymph flow and transvascular protein clearance (lymph flow times lymph-to-plasma protein concentration) responses to PAF were attenuated after cyclooxygenase inhibition. However, there were time-dependent increases in pulmonary lymph flow and transvascular protein clearance in the cyclooxygenase-inhibited groups. These results indicate that PAF induces pulmonary vasoconstriction mediated by cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary vascular response to platelet-activating factor in awake XXXX and the role of cyclooxygenase metabolites.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in pulmonary artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity5728 :: ('MESH:D008469', 'Chemical') :: ['meclofenamate']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: @entity1282 is a common complaint from @entity1 with @entity3359 . The purpose of this study was to assess and compare @entity1282 in two @entity1 groups with @entity3359 (primary @entity244 and secondary @entity244 with @entity1252 , and a matched control group. Subjects diagnosed with primary @entity244 (n = 13) and secondary @entity244 with @entity1252 (n = 15) were selected for the study. An age- and sex-matched group of control subjects (n = 14) was selected for comparison. @entity1282 assessments, including videofluoroscopy were performed. @entity1282 was quantified clinically and videofluoroscopically by measurement of 10 seconds of basal or dry swallows as compared with 10-second 10-ml water bolus swallows in all subjects. Subjective evaluations were recorded on a calibrated 10-cm visual analog scale. The results indicated a significant difference in the dry swallows as compared with the water bolus swallows for both @entity3359 groups and for both dry swallows and water bolus swallows as compared to controls. Videofluoroscopy yielded significantly prolonged pharyngeal transit times in both @entity3359 groups as compared with control. Subjective results indicated a greater degree of @entity1282 symptoms in both the @entity3359 groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions from this study indicate clinically significant @entity1282 in @entity1 with @entity3359 associated with @entity244 compared with a control population.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity1282 in XXXX with primary and secondary @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3359 :: ('MESH:D012466', 'Disease') :: ['salivary gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", "Sj  rgen's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes capable of degrading connective tissue components. MMP activity is modulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases ( @entity2843 ). Imbalanced secretion of certain MMP or disturbances in the differential control of MMP by @entity2843 have been implicated in the invasive potential of @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-nine surgically obtained specimens of the hypopharynx were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against @entity3334 , @entity1476 , @entity1549 , @entity1495 and their inhibitors, @entity2843 and @entity1552 . Thirty-one samples derived from @entity5 (PT-group) and 8 samples from recurrent @entity5 (RT-group). RESULTS: In the PT-group, @entity3334 was expressed in almost all @entity5 . Expression of @entity2843 was rarer than of @entity1552 . Relapse occurred in 8/31 cases expressing @entity3334 or @entity1495 (4 cases each). Staining for @entity2843 was negative in these @entity1 , while @entity1552 was expressed in most cases. In the RT-group, @entity3334 and @entity1495 stained positive in an almost equal number of cases. Only @entity2843 was not expressed in any @entity5 . @entity1 who died of @entity5 were uniformly negative for @entity2843 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the presence of @entity1495 and concomitant lack of @entity2843 serve as prognostic indicators of @entity5 @entity146 and increased risk of relapse.

title: Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx: indicators of individual @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: PURPOSE: The choice of distal fusion level in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) @entity1 with major thoracolumbar or lumbar (TL/L) curves (Lenke type 3C, 5C, or 6C) remains debatable. One of the most controversial issues involves stopping the distal fusion at L3, which might result in an increased risk of decompensation but save more mobile spinal segments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of corrective surgery for @entity1615 with major TL/L curves according to the distal fusion level. METHODS: 229 @entity1615 @entity1 with Lenke type 3C, 5C, or 6C curves that underwent corrective surgery were included. @entity1 were grouped according to distal fusion level, either L3 (group A) or L4 (group B), and followed up for over 2  years. Group A was further divided into lower end vertebra (LEV) and last touching vertebra (LTV). The SRS-22 score was used to assess clinical outcomes. All radiological parameters were assessed pre- and postoperatively by standing anteroposterior whole-spine radiographs. Clinical and radiological parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: Postoperative decompensation was found in 4.6  % (9/197) of group A @entity1 and 9.3  % (3/32) of group B @entity1 . This difference was not statistically significant (P  =  0.258). No difference was found in the clinical and radiological parameters between the two groups either pre- or postoperatively. Subgroup analysis showed that the @entity1635 correction rate and postoperative apical vertebral translation were lower in cases with an LEV   <=  L4 or LTV  =  L5 when the fusion stopped at L3 distally. The adjacent disc wedge angle was aggravated postoperatively in these cases, although this did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in the radiological and clinical outcomes in @entity1615 according to the distal fusion level. Major TL/L curve correction in @entity1615 may be sufficient distally at L3 in cases with an LEV  >=   L3 and LTV  >=   L4. However, stopping fusion at L3 requires caution in LEV   <=  L4 or LTV  =  L5 @entity1 , as this correction rate might be suboptimal and causes a possible progression of the adjacent disc wedge angle.

title: Is it enough to stop distal fusion at L3 in XXXX with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves?

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Sudden, precipitous improvements in depressive symptom severity have been identified as occurring among @entity308 individuals. These "sudden gains" have been associated with superior acute treatment outcome in several treatment modalities, including cognitive therapy. A better understanding of sudden gains may provide insight into the mechanisms of action in these and other psychotherapies. One efficacious therapy that has been overlooked in sudden gains research is interpersonal psychotherapy ( @entity13583 ; Weissman, M. M., Markowitz, J. C., _ Klerman, G. L. (2000). Comprehensive guide to interpersonal psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books). The present research examined the rates and concomitant features of sudden, precipitous improvements in depressive symptomotology among 185 @entity1 receiving @entity13583 for recurrent @entity308 . @entity2459 , defined using extant criteria for the Beck Depression Inventory, were assessed over 12 weeks of acute @entity13583 treatment for @entity308 and occurred for 33.5% of the sample. @entity2459 were not associated with diagnostic and demographic characteristics or with differential likelihood of achieving @entity308 remission with @entity13583 monotherapy during active treatment. Further, those with sudden gains were no more likely to maintain their recovery through maintenance treatment. The lack of impact of sudden gains on eventual outcome is discussed in terms of potentially disparate emphases and mechanisms of change between @entity13583 and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

title: XXXX in interpersonal psychotherapy for @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden gains']

answer: @entity2459 :: (MESH:D003639,Disease) :: ['Sudden gains']


abstract: @entity3494 pollution has become increasingly severe. It occurs as the result of geological processes and different @entity1 activities. @entity3494 @entity137 at the respiratory level occurs mainly by inhalation of products of coal combustion. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity7249 ( @entity13303 ) @entity137 in @entity19 alveolar macrophages (AMs) in vitro and its association with the alterations in cell metabolism. No changes in viability, apoptosis or cell area were detected in AMs treated with @entity13303 concentrations up to 2 microM for 24-96 h. A marked decrease in these end-points was observed for @entity13303 concentrations ranging from 2.5 microM to 10 microM. Regarding the dynamics of the endo-exocytic process triggered by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) cell incorporation, no variations were detected for @entity13303 concentrations lower than 2 microM while higher concentrations markedly modified this response. @entity98 specific activity, as a measure of cell metabolic activity, was not modified irrespective of the @entity13303 concentration assayed. However, @entity2387 (NBT) specific activity, as a measure of @entity224 anion generation, is responsive but only to low @entity13303 doses. Although this study focuses on lung macrophages, the effects of @entity13303 described herein may also apply to the response of macrophages residing in other organs. Arsenite modifies the metabolic and the oxidative status of AMs in vitro. When macrophages are in an @entity13303 rich medium, they exhibit a reduction in respiratory burst levels and lose their intrinsic capacity to respond to toxicants.

title: Oxidative metabolism of lung macrophages exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2387 :: ('MESH:D009580', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroblue tetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity7249 :: (MESH:C017947,Chemical) :: ['sodium arsenite']


abstract: The mean blood pressure in the second trimester of pregnancy was calculated with a formula (Formula: see text) which stands for systolic pressure plus twice diastolic pressure divided by 3 equals mmHg. In 285 @entity1 43% had a @entity16842 value of 85 mmHg. or higher. At this threshold value 89% of all later @entity101 were recognized. An @entity14383 value of 90 mmHg. was found in 21% of the @entity1 . In this group 63% became @entity101 . However, this group contained 10 of the 11 moderately severe and severe cases. In the outcome of the pregnancies there was a significant increase in prepathological fetal monitoring changes and a significant increase in suspicious Apgar values. The calculation of the @entity14383 value should become a part of routine prenatal care.

title: [The mean blood pressure in the second trimester ( XXXX ) as a valuable aid in the early recognition of the pregnancies with a risk of @entity101 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertensions']

answer: @entity14383 :: (4133,Gene) :: ['map-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Too vigorous exercise or activity increase frequently triggers postexertional malaise in @entity1 with @entity5815 / @entity5815 (ME/CFS), a primary characteristic evident in up to 95% of @entity1 with ME/CFS. The present study aimed at examining whether two different types of exercise results in changes in health status, circulating elastase activity, interleukin (IL)-1beta and complement @entity10287 levels. DESIGN: Comparative experimental design. SETTING: University. SUBJECTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with ME/CFS and 22 healthy sedentary controls INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were subjected to a submaximal exercise (day 8) and a self-paced, physiologically limited exercise (day 16). Each bout of exercise was preceded and followed by blood sampling, actigraphy and assessment of their health status. RESULTS: Both submaximal exercise and self-paced, physiologically limited exercise resulted in postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS. However, neither exercise bout altered elastase activity, @entity1356 or complement @entity10287 split product levels in @entity1 with ME/CFS or healthy sedentary control subjects (P > 0.05). Postexercise complement @entity10287 level was identified as a clinically important biomarker for postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS. CONCLUSIONS: Submaximal exercise as well as self-paced, physiologically limited exercise triggers postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS, but neither types of exercise alter acute circulating levels of @entity1356 , complement @entity10287 split product or elastase activity. Further studying of immune alterations in relation to postexertional malaise in @entity1 with ME/CFS using multiple measurement points postexercise is required.

title: Unravelling the nature of postexertional malaise in @entity5815 / @entity5815 : the role of elastase, complement XXXX and @entity1356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'myalgic encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity10287 :: (720,Gene) :: ['C4a']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: @entity788 , sometimes called a 'silent killer', is one of the most aggressive @entity1 @entity5 , with a very poor prognosis. It is the fourth leading cause of @entity5 -related morbidity and mortality in the USA. METHODS: A @entity19 peritoneal model was used to test the ability of unengineered @entity35 umbilical cord matrix-derived stem cells (UCMSC) to control growth of @entity788 . In vivo results were supported by various in vitro assays, such as @entity2454 ( @entity98 ), direct cell count, @entity665 uptake and soft agar colony assays. RESULTS: Co-culture of @entity35 UCMSC with PAN02 @entity19 @entity3123 cells (UCMSC:PAN02, 1:6 and 1:3) caused G0/G1 arrest and significantly attenuated the proliferation of PAN02 @entity5 cells, as monitored by @entity98 assay, direct cell counts and @entity665 uptake assay. @entity35 UCMSC also significantly reduced PAN02 colony size and number, as measured by soft agar colony assay. The in vivo @entity19 studies showed that @entity35 UCMSC treatment significantly decreased the peritoneal PAN02 @entity5 burden 3 weeks after @entity5 transplantation and increased @entity19 survival time. Histologic study revealed that intraperitoneally administered @entity35 UCMSC survived for at least 3 weeks, and the majority were found near or inside the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that naive @entity35 UCMSC alone remarkably attenuate the growth of @entity3123 cells in vitro and in a @entity19 peritoneal model. This implies that UCMSC could be a potential tool for targeted cytotherapy for @entity788 .

title: Cytotherapy with naive @entity35 umbilical cord matrix stem cells significantly attenuates growth of XXXX @entity788 cells and increases survival in syngeneic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Clustered epidemics of @entity1569 due to @entity794 occurred in two geographically distant newborn nurseries. In nurseries A and B an attack rate of @entity1569 of 0.8 and 2.0 cases per 100 live births occurred, respectively. Experimental phage type 1046/1116 belonging to phage group II dominated clustered epidemics in nursery A, while group II phage type 3A/3C/55/71 and 3A/3C/55 occurred in nursery B. Other group II strains also occasionally produced clustered epidemics. These epidemic strains were found to be making heat-stable dermal exfoliatin toxin A ( @entity2231 ) which had a pI of 6.8 and a molecular weight of 32,000 and 33,000. @entity2231 -bearing strains did not make @entity5618 . @entity1 infected with @entity2231 -producing strains developed extensive bullous @entity1569 . Surveillance cultures of personnel revealed an @entity2231 -bearing strain in only one @entity1 . This strain was not the same phage type as the epidemic cluster. In contrast, @entity2231 -bearing epidemic strains were found in the inanimate environment of both nurseries. @entity2231 protein acts as an important virulence factor in the production of neonatal @entity281 and appears to be linked with the ability of @entity794 organisms to stick to the inanimate environment.

title: Importance of exfoliatin toxin A production by XXXX strains isolated from clustered epidemics of @entity1569 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['pustulosis']

entities_list: @entity5618 :: ('CHEBI:48081', 'Chemical') :: ['bacteriocin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pustulosis infection']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']