abstract: We present a rare case of @entity8 . To the best of our knowledge, only one case of @entity8 has been reported in the literature so far. An African American male was diagnosed with @entity8579 at the age of 15 years, when he underwent surgery for @entity298 secondary to duodenal ulcer perforation. Further evaluation was deferred and proton pump inhibitors were prescribed. Later evaluation showed a left renal mass. Serum @entity8243 levels were 4,307 pg/ml. A CAT scan of the abdomen showed 4- x 4-cm heterogeneous solid mass in the interpolar region of the left kidney with central hypodensity. Somatostatin scintigraphy confirmed a receptor-positive mass in the same location. Nephrectomy was done and the @entity5 was diagnosed on histopathological examination as a @entity7581 . At 6-month follow-up, @entity8243 levels were 72 pg/ml. After a follow-up of 6 years, the @entity1 has no recurrent symptoms.

title: A rare case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal gastrinoma']

entities_list: @entity7581 :: ('MESH:D015408', 'Disease') :: ['gastrinoma']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Zollinger Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal gastrinoma']


abstract: In this study we used a @entity3307 ) deletion mutant to identify a segment of the genome necessary for @entity1425 -induced reactivation in the @entity95 eye model of @entity66 . In @entity3307 latently infected neural tissue, the only abundant viral products are the latency-associated transcripts (LATs). At least one promoter of LAT has been identified, and mutations in the LAT domain have been used to investigate @entity3307 reactivation. We used an ocular @entity95 model of @entity1425 -induced @entity3307 reactivation to study the effects of deleting a 437-bp region beginning 796 bp upstream of the LAT CAP site. Specifically, the 437-bp deletion is located between genomic positions 118006 and 118443 of the parent 17Syn+, and the construct is designated @entity53698 S/N. This region also controls a portion of the genome encoding two transcripts (1.1 and 1.8 kb) from the LAT domain. A rescuant, @entity53698 S/N-Res, was constructed from @entity53698 S/N. Following @entity5517 , all three viruses produced similar acute @entity75 in @entity95 . Five weeks after @entity281 , @entity95 received transcorneal iontophoresis of @entity1425 . The parent, 17Syn+, and the rescuant, @entity53698 S/N-Res, underwent a high frequency of @entity3307 ocular reactivation as determined by recovery of infectious virus in the tear film. @entity95 infected with @entity53698 S/N had a significantly lower frequency of ocular reactivation. Analysis of the trigeminal ganglia from all three groups of latently infected @entity95 revealed (i) similar amounts of HSV DNA (genomic equivalents), (ii) accumulation of 2.0- and 1.45-kb LATs, and (iii) explant reactivation at the same high frequency. Therefore, these studies indicate that the 437-bp deleted region in @entity53698 S/N is essential for @entity1425 -induced reactivation and could implicate the 1.1- and 1.8-kb transcripts in the mechanisms controlling @entity3307 reactivation.

title: A 437-base-pair deletion at the beginning of the latency-associated transcript promoter significantly reduced adrenergically induced @entity3307 ocular reactivation in latently infected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1', 'HSV-1']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: NGF may play a role in airway @entity32 and hyperresponsiveness. We studied its possible involvement in airway remodelling and report here its proliferative effect and its receptor and signalling pathways in @entity1 airway smooth muscle cells in culture (HASMC). Proliferation of HASMC induced by NGF (0.1-10 pM) was assessed by the XTT and @entity1603 techniques with and without kinase inhibitors. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting were used to study phosphorylation of @entity2250 and MAPK. NGF caused dose-dependent proliferation of HASMC and induced @entity2250 phosphorylation, both abolished by the @entity669 -kinase inhibitor K252a. PI3K and JNK inhibitors had no effect. @entity6164 inhibitors partially inhibited NGF-induced proliferation and totally abolished @entity3963 phosphorylation but did not affect @entity1366 phosphorylation. The rafK inhibitor decreased NGF-induced proliferation, and totally abolished @entity1366 phosphorylation, but did not affect @entity3963 phosphorylation. This finding was confirmed by the decrease of NGF-induced proliferation after treatment with inhibitors of the @entity3963 or of @entity1366 pathways. In conclusion, NGF activation of the @entity2250 receptor involves two distinct signalling pathways: @entity6164 selectively activates @entity3963 , and the ras/ @entity8496 pathway selectively activates @entity1366 . Both are necessary to induce HASMC proliferation.

title: XXXX signalling pathways in @entity1 airway smooth muscle cell proliferation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2250 :: (4914,Gene) :: ['TrkA']


abstract: The grading system for @entity788 ( @entity788 ) adopted in 2010 by the World Health Organization (WHO) mandates the use of both mitotic rate and Ki67/ @entity1758 index in defining the proliferative rate and assigning the grade. In cases when these measures are not concordant for grade, it is recommended to assign the higher grade, but specific data justifying this approach do not exist. Thus, we counted @entity6578 and immunolabeled, using the Ki67 antibody, 297 WHO mitotic grade 1 and 2 @entity788 surgically resected at a single institution. We quantified the Ki67 proliferative index by marking at least 500 cells in "hot spots" and by using digital image analysis software to count each marked positive/negative cell and then compared the results with histologic features and overall survival. Of 264 WHO mitotic grade 1 @entity788 , 33% were WHO grade 2 by Ki67 proliferative index. Compared with concordant grade 1 @entity5 , grade-discordant @entity5 were more likely to have @entity3 to lymph node (56% vs. 34%) (P<0.01) and to distant sites (46% vs. 12%) (P<0.01). Discordant mitotic grade 1 @entity788 also showed statistically significantly more infiltrative growth patterns, perineural invasion, and small vessel invasion. Overall survival was significantly different (P<0.01), with discordant mitotic grade 1 @entity5 showing a median survival of 12 years compared with 16.7 years for concordant grade 1 @entity5 . Conversely, mitotic grade 1/Ki67 grade 2 @entity788 showed few significant differences from @entity5 that were mitotic grade 2 and either Ki67 grade 1 or 2. Our data demonstrate that mitotic rate and Ki67-based grades of @entity788 are often discordant, and when the Ki67 grade is greater than the mitotic grade, clinical outcomes and histopathologic features are significantly worse than concordant grade 1 @entity5 . @entity1 with discordant mitotic grade 1/Ki67 grade 2 @entity5 have @entity5 with more @entity3 and more aggressive histologic features. These data strongly suggest that Ki67 labeling be performed on all @entity788 in addition to mitotic rate determination to define more accurately @entity5 grade and prognosis.

title: Grading of well-differentiated XXXX is improved by the inclusion of both Ki67 proliferative index and mitotic rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PanNETs', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['shorter overall survival and larger tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic figures']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current knowledge on splanchnic haemodynamics in @entity30 is limited. AIMS: To investigate which features of @entity30 affect splanchnic haemodynamics, and to establish whether portal vein (PV) and @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) blood supply reflects clinical or biochemical activity of @entity30 . METHODS: Seventy nine @entity1 with @entity30 and 40 controls were evaluated by Doppler ultrasound (US). The mean velocity of PV and @entity6029 flow, the volume of blood flow of the PV and @entity6029 , and the resistance index of @entity6029 were studied. A series of clinical, biochemical, and US variables including @entity30 activity index, serum @entity1851 concentrations, disease duration and its anatomical location, smoking habits, abdominal complications, and current medical therapy, as well as the maximum bowel wall thickness as measured by US, were determined. The relation between PV and @entity6029 blood flow and these variables was assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity30 had significantly higher PV and @entity6029 flow and a lower @entity6029 resistance index than controls. Stepwise multiple regression analysis identified bowel wall thickness and location of the disease as the main predictive variables of both PV and @entity6029 blood flow variation, accounting for 36% and 45% of their variability, respectively. No relation was found between splanchnic haemodynamics and disease activity. CONCLUSION: A hyperdynamic mesenteric circulation does exist in @entity30 ; however splanchnic blood flow does not reflect the clinical or biochemical activity of the disease, but seems to be linked more to other @entity30 characteristics, such as maximum bowel thickness and anatomical location.

title: Factors affecting splanchnic haemodynamics in XXXX : a prospective controlled study using Doppler ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2900 is a depolarizing muscle relaxant that has been used for five decades in clinical practice. It is decomposed by enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is synthesized in posed by enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is synthesized in the liver. This process lasts a few minutes, and is prolonged in the case of @entity1578 , in normal pregnancy and puerperium, in @entity1 with lack of this enzyme or @entity74 in its composition. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 , a 31 years old @entity1 , was exposed to diagnostic biopsy of endometrium during treatment of @entity249 . She received classic short-term general anaesthesia and 1 mg/kg (50 mg) of @entity2900 . Breathing was completely restored after 90 minutes. Eventually we found out that in previous three anaesthesias she showed the same dysfunction. It was laboratory proven that she had a decrease in contents of acetylcholinesterase in plasma (20 mukat/l). The possibility of genotype investigation does not exist in our country. The @entity1 was introduced in detail with the nature of her disability. DISCUSSION: The activity of enzyme acetylcholinesterase depends on functional state of the liver, as well as the therapy with some drugs ( @entity786 , ecothiopate etc.). For the anaesthetic practice the most important is the presence of abnormal acetylcholinesterase. The incidence of recessive homozygotes is 1:1500-1:3000 cases in the total population and the @entity386 lasts for 1-2 hours, and sometimes even 4-8 hours. Every @entity386 over 15 minutes requires maximal attention of the anesthesiologist. First it is necessary to eliminate other possible causes of @entity386 . The therapy is based on oxygenation with 100% O2 blood transfusion or transfusion of fresh frozen plasma or preparation of @entity1 acetylcholinesterase. CONCLUSION: The case of the @entity1 with prolonged postsurgical @entity386 indicates the decisive significance of comprehensive preanaesthetic anamnesis, both in serious surgical and in clinical interventions. Since there is no adequate substitution for @entity2900 , nowadays it is still in use in clinical practice.

title: [Prolonged @entity386 after administration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['primary infertility']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure of the liver function']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['Succinylcholine', 'succinylcholine']

answer: @entity2900 :: (MESH:D013390,Chemical) :: ['succinylcholine']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of right ventricular (RV) trabeculae and papillary muscles on measured volumes and function assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with repaired @entity215 . Sixty-five @entity1 with repaired @entity215 underwent routine cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Endocardial and epicardial contours were drawn manually and included trabeculae and papillary muscles in the blood volume. Semi-automatic threshold-based segmentation software excluded these structures. Both methods were compared in terms of end-diastolic, end-systolic and @entity64 volume, ejection fraction and mass. Observer agreement was determined for all measures. Exclusion of trabeculae and papillary muscle in the RV blood volume decreased measured RV end-diastolic volume by 15 % (from 140    35 to 120    32 ml/m(2)) compared to inclusion, end-systolic volume by 21 % (from 74    23 to 59    20 ml/m(2)), @entity64 volume by 9 % (from 66    16 to 60    16 ml/m(2)) and relatively increased ejection fraction by 7 % (from 48    7 to 51    8 %) and end-diastolic mass by 79 % (from 28    7 to 51    10 g/m(2)), p < .01. Excluding trabeculae and papillary muscle resulted in an improved interobserver agreement of RV mass compared to including these structures (coefficient of agreement of 87 versus 78 %, p < .01). Trabeculae and papillary muscle significantly affect measured RV volumes, function and mass. Semi-automatic threshold-based segmentation software can reliably exclude trabeculae and papillary muscles from the RV blood volume.

title: Impact of right ventricular endocardial trabeculae on volumes and function assessed by CMR in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The last epidemic of @entity198 occurred in 1974. Since then, cases have been reported from the Kimberley of Western Australia (WA). AIMS: To describe the epidemiology and clinical features of @entity198 in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia. METHODS: Review of cases of @entity198 presenting to Royal Darwin Hospital from 1987-1996 and review of sentinel @entity1573 surveillance for @entity198 viruses. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were identified; ten from the NT and six from WA. Cases occurred in the years 1987, 1988, 1991 and 1993. Infection was acquired throughout northern NT below latitude 20 degrees S in the months March to July. All @entity281 were due to @entity6517 ( @entity6517 ) virus. Eleven of the @entity1 were @entity1 . Distinguishing features were spinal cord and brainstem involvement and the absence of @entity410 in adults. CT scanning was normal and EEG showed no focal activity. Five died (31%) and four (25%) have residual @entity16 . Sentinel @entity1573 surveillance since 1992 shows yearly seroconversion to @entity6517 virus throughout northern NT; @entity1 cases occurred simultaneously with @entity1573 seroconversion in 1993. CONCLUSIONS: @entity198 is endemic in the NT; the areas at risk are north of Tennant Creek. Outbreaks are seasonal and occur every few years. Young @entity1 are most at risk. Mortality and morbidity are high. Prevention of disease is by avoidance of mosquito exposure and vector control measures.

title: XXXX in the Northern Territory: clinical and epidemiological features, 1987-1996.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6517 :: ('MESH:D057770', 'Disease') :: ['Murray Valley encephalitis', 'MVE']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['Australian encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['Australian encephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many pathologic features of @entity0 have been proposed as prognostic correlates; their interrelationships and their relative value as prognostic indicators were studied. METHODS: A series of 399 axillary lymph node-positive @entity0 was studied histologically and compared with the @entity1 prognosis. RESULTS: Many pathologic findings fit into two groups of closely related features--those related to the extent of local spread and those related to histologic anaplasia and mitotic count. Both groups correlated with the @entity5 size. The best predictors of long-term survival were measures of the extent of axillary metastasis (the number of axillary metastases, the size of the largest metastasis, and lymph node capsular invasion), which are components of the pathologic node stage. The mitotic count, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smooth @entity5 border, @entity5 @entity39 , and multifocal @entity5 were weaker but significant survival correlates. The mitotic count and Bloom-Richardson grade best predicted the survival time of @entity1 with node-positive disease who died. Four years after diagnosis, less than 25% of the @entity1 who would die of @entity0 in the low mitotic count and Bloom-Richardson Grade 1 (well differentiated) groups already had died; more than 75% of those in the high mitotic count and Bloom-Richardson Grade 3 (poorly differentiated) groups already had died. Among @entity1 with small @entity5 (< 1.8 cm in diameter), those with one micrometastasis (1-2 mm) had a worse prognosis than those with uninvolved lymph nodes of similar size. CONCLUSION: The extent of axillary metastasis best predicted the long-term prognosis of @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 and axillary metastases. The mitotic count and @entity5 grade best predicted the survival time of those who died.

title: Pathologic correlates of prognosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast carcinomas', 'infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['lymph node-positive breast carcinomas']


abstract: Axonemal dyneins have two or three globular heads joined by flexible tails to a common base, with each head/tail unit consisting of a single heavy-chain polypeptide of relative molecular mass greater than 400,000. The sizes of the components have been deduced by electron microscopy. The isolated beta heavy chain of sea @entity6847 , which is immunologically identical to that of the embryo cilia, is of particular interest as it retains the capability for microtubule translocation in vitro. Limited proteolysis of the beta heavy chain divides it into two fragments, A and B, which sediment separately at 12S and 6S, and possibly correspond to the head and tail domains of the molecule. Dynein ATPase is the energy-transducing enzyme that generates the sliding movement between tubules that underlies the beating of cilia and flagella of eukaryotes, and possibly also other large intracellular movements. Here we report that the deduced @entity535 sequence of the beta heavy chain of axonemal dynein from embryos of the sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla has 4,466 residues and contains the consensus motifs for five @entity377 -binding sites. The probable hydrolytic @entity855 -binding site can be identified by its location close to or at the V1 site of @entity8870 -mediated photo-cleavage. The general features of the map of photocleavage and proteolytic peptides reported earlier have been confirmed, except that the map's polarity is reversed. The predicted secondary structure of the beta heavy chain consists of an alpha/beta-type pattern along its whole length. The two longest regions of potential alpha helix, with unbroken heptad hydrophobic repeats 120 and 50 @entity1522 long, may be of functional importance. But dynein does not seem to contain an extended coiled-coil tail domain.

title: Multiple XXXX -binding sites in the sequence of dynein beta heavy chain.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6847 :: ('MESH:C567467', 'Disease') :: ['urchin sperm flagella']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

answer: @entity377 :: (CHEBI:36976,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1002 are serious long-term complications from @entity583 that produce hemodynamic alterations in the cardiac function. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the chirurgical and clinic results of the endoventricular patch repair of the @entity2845 or @entity910 portions of the left ventricle. METHODS: From August 2002 to October 2005, 20 consecutive @entity1 underwent surgical repair of @entity1002 using the endoventricular patch repair technique. The mean age was 63,6 years, and 80% where male. Every @entity1 have had only one episode of @entity583 , which resulted in a @entity2845 or @entity910 alteration in the motility of the left ventricle. The preoperative functional class of most of the @entity1 was class III or IV and 45% where on angina class II. In 90% of the @entity1 the @entity439 where antero-septal. @entity1002 was present in 65%. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent the @entity2911 procedure associated with coronary artery bypass grafting. There was no perioperative mortality. One @entity1 died in the immediate postoperative period. Four @entity1 needed inotropic support for more than 24h and intra-aortic balloon pumping was used postoperatively in two cases. Mean hospital stay was 8,6 days. At late follow-up the functional class was I in 20%, class II in 55% and class III in 10%. The angina class was I in 65% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical repair of @entity1002 using the endoventricular patch repair technique proved to be safe, causing significant clinical improvement and an increase in the ejection fraction.

title: [Results of @entity2911 's endoventricular repair in the management of left XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm', 'Left ventricular aneurysms', 'Left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['ventricular aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Robust guidelines exist for the treatment of @entity543 and @entity438 independently, however, the management of @entity543 and @entity438 remains uncertain. Although the prevalence of tandem pathologies is small (1.9%-3.2%), treating @entity543 can alter intracranial hemodynamics potentially predisposing to @entity1756 . In this review, our aim was to assess the safety of intervention in this cohort, by analyzing outcomes from the published literature. METHODS: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct the review. Articles from 1947 to 2012 were searched using EMBASE Classic and EMBASE (November, 1947 -March, 2012) and Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process and other NonIndexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) on Ovid SP, http://ClinicalTrials.gov, http://controlled-trials.com and the Cochrane review database using a predefined search strategy. RESULTS: One hundred forty-one @entity1 from 27 articles were included. Interventions ranged from single (n=104, 74%), staged (n=26, 18%) to simultaneous procedures (n=11, 8%). The largest cohort of @entity1 was treated by carotid endarterectomy alone (n=92, 66%). The majority of @entity1 presented with a symptomatic @entity543 and an asymptomatic @entity438 (n=70, 50%). Five @entity510 occurred (4% [5/140], three within 30 days of the procedure and two thereafter) of which two were fatal. All five occurred in @entity1 who underwent carotid endarterectomy as a single procedure (5%). Two of the five @entity1 presented with ruptured posterior communicating @entity438 . CONCLUSIONS: Published reports of perioperative @entity1756 are rare in individuals with @entity543 and @entity438 . This is the first analysis of all published cases. However, it is limited by the small number of studies and the possible underreporting due to publication bias and underdiagnosis where angiography was not performed. Although we report a low incidence of @entity510 , analysis of registry data with a larger cohort is warranted to confirm these findings.

title: Risk of intracerebral XXXX during carotid revascularization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhages', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'ipsilateral intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'tandem carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['aneurysm rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a multivariate prediction model for major adverse @entity299 (MACE) after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) by using the North West Quality Improvement Programme in Cardiac Interventions (NWQIP) PCI Registry. SETTING: All @entity9462 centres undertaking adult PCIs in north west England. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on 9914 consecutive @entity1 undergoing adult PCI between 1 August 2001 and 31 December 2003. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken, with the forward stepwise technique, to identify independent risk factors for MACE. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit statistic were calculated to assess the performance and calibration of the model, respectively. The statistical model was internally validated by using the technique of bootstrap resampling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MACE, which were in-hospital mortality, Q wave @entity583 , emergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and @entity64 . RESULTS: Independent variables identified with an increased risk of developing MACE were advanced age, female sex, @entity66 , @entity1455 , priority, and treatment of the left main stem or graft lesions during PCI. The ROC curve for the predicted probability of MACE was 0.76, indicating a good discrimination power. The prediction equation was well calibrated, predicting well at all levels of risk. Bootstrapping showed that estimates were stable. CONCLUSIONS: A contemporaneous multivariate prediction model for MACE after PCI was developed. The NWQIP tool allows calculation of the risk of MACE permitting meaningful risk adjusted comparisons of performance between hospitals and operators.

title: Multivariate prediction of major adverse XXXX after 9914 percutaneous coronary interventions in the north west of England.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Physicians performing interventional procedures are chronically exposed to ionizing radiation, which is known to pose increased @entity5 risks. We recently reported 9 cases of @entity1313 in interventional cardiologists. Subsequently, we received 22 additional cases from around the world, comprising an expanded 31 case cohort. Data were transmitted to us during the past few months. For all cases, where possible, we endeavored to obtain the baseline data, including age, gender, @entity5 type, and side involved, specialty (cardiologist vs radiologist), and number of years in practice. These data were obtained from the medical records, interviews with @entity1 , when possible, or with family members and/or colleagues. The present report documented brain and @entity135 occurring in 31 physicians: 23 interventional cardiologists, 2 electrophysiologists, and 6 interventional radiologists. All physicians had worked for prolonged periods (latency period 12 to 32 years, mean 23.5    5.9) in active interventional practice with exposure to ionizing radiation in the catheterization laboratory. The @entity5 included 17 cases (55%) of @entity463 multiforme (GBM), 2 @entity816 (7%), and 5 @entity1653 (16%). In 26 of 31 cases, data were available regarding the side of the brain involved. The @entity5 was left sided in 22 (85%), midline in 1, and right sided in 3 operators. In conclusion, these results raise additional concerns regarding @entity1313 developing in physicians performing interventional procedures. Given that the brain is relatively unprotected and the left side of the head is known to be more exposed to radiation than the right, these findings of disproportionate reports of @entity5 suggest the possibility of a causal relation to occupational radiation exposure.

title: XXXX among physicians performing interventional procedures.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'left-sided tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain and neck tumors']


abstract: To assess the utility of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of chronic @entity2024 , we compared its findings with microbiological examination and established the correlation between cytology and microbiology in 32 @entity1 with @entity2024 lasting four weeks or more, with a nonspecific clinical picture. The material for cytology was collected by scraping and by imprint of the ocular surface on Millipore filter paper. The specimens were stained with Giemsa. Material for bacterial culture and fluorescent antibody test for viruses and @entity1047 were obtained at the same time. In 12 @entity1 neutrophils predominated in cytology, in six eosinophils were found and in four there were more lymphocytes. One @entity1 had a basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion specific for @entity1047 . In eight @entity1 coagulase-negative @entity794 species and in one @entity794 were isolated, in two the fluorescent antibody test for @entity1047 was positive and in three for viruses. In all @entity1 with a positive bacterial culture, a predominance of neutrophils was observed. All @entity1 with a positive test for viruses had lymphocytosis in conjunctival scrapings. In two @entity1 microbiology detected @entity1047 , but characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions were observed only in one. Scrapings gave more specific results, that correlated well with microbiology in bacterial and @entity1800 , whereas the results of impression cytology showed minor metaplastic changes of epithelial cells that were nonspecific for the type of @entity32 . Cytology remains a useful non-invasive tool and is an adjunct to clinical and microbiological examination. It proved especially helpful in @entity56 .

title: Conjunctival scrapings and impression cytology in chronic XXXX . Correlation with microbiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia', 'Chlamydia infection']

answer: @entity2024 :: (MESH:D003231,Disease) :: ['conjunctivitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Success in nonoperative management is only based on the clinical symptoms of @entity1 with @entity697 . However, imaging studies can provide further insight into the status of the appendix to monitor treatment response if immediate appendectomy is not undertaken. This study investigates sonographic resolution following nonoperative management and assesses the feasibility of incorporating ultrasound into @entity1 care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult @entity1 with @entity697 who had been successfully treated with nonoperative management were enrolled and received repeat sonographic examinations using 3-day intervals until sonographic resolution. The relationship between the time to achieve sonographic resolution and clinical parameters was identified using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: From January 2003 to December 2009, 128 @entity1 were successfully treated with nonoperative management. Eighty @entity1 completed sonographic examinations until achieving resolution. Sonographic resolution was achieved on 17        12 days (range, 3-69 days). Ninety-five percent of the @entity1 achieved sonographic resolution within 41 days. The appendicolith was positively related to the time to achieve sonographic resolution (rate ratios, 1.63; 95 % confidence intervals, 1.06-2.51). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound can be used to evaluate the condition of the appendix to monitor treatment response following nonoperative management on the sixth week. An appendicolith delays sonographic resolution of @entity698 .

title: Appendicolith delays resolution of XXXX following nonoperative management.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to correlate the imaging findings of small @entity660 to the incidence of growth on follow-up imaging and their pathologic diagnoses. METHODS: CT images for 159 @entity1 with @entity660 were retrospectively evaluated and lesions were assessed for size, number, connection to the main pancreatic duct (MPD), @entity14501 dilatation, and any presence of loculation, wall irregularity, thick septations, or solid components. A total of 86 @entity1 had follow-up imaging with time periods of less than 6 months (n = 21), 6-12 months (n = 22), 1-2 years (n = 14), and greater than 2 years (n = 29). Lesion histology was available in 20 @entity1 . RESULTS: Lesions with pathologic correlation proved to be: side branch @entity4929 or @entity5 (IPMT) (n = 5), combined type IPMT (n = 4), nonmucinous cyst (n = 4), chronic @entity788 (n = 2), and reactive atypia with nonmucinous fluid (n = 1), combined type IMPT with foci of @entity420 (n = 1), mucinous @entity420 (n = 2), and nonmucinous @entity420 (n = 1). Lesions with solid components were significantly more likely to grow and be malignant (P < 0.05). The presence of MPD dilatation was more common in @entity1 with combined type IPMTs or @entity5 . No other factors were predictive of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Solid components are predictive of @entity5 , and MPD dilatation should prompt consideration of surgery. Other @entity5409 can be followed.

title: Small XXXX of the pancreas: clinical significance and findings at follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['cystic pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5409 :: (MESH:D052177,Disease) :: ['cystic lesions']


abstract: Accumulating evidence implicates the sympathetic nervous system as a modulator of immune function. Immune alteration has been observed in survivors of cervical level @entity1566 , possibly because of dysregulation of the sympathetic outflow tracts. The majority of immune studies in the spinal cord-injured population have focused on lymphocytes. Because of the high incidence of @entity281 in this population, we hypothesized that the immune alteration would extend to the cells of the myeloid lineage. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the phagocytic and bactericidal function of circulating neutrophils in response to @entity794 . A group of ten individuals with complete cervical @entity1566 , a group of eight paraplegics with injuries below the majority of sympathetic outflow (T-10 and below), and age- and gender-matched controls for each subject were studied. In addition, a @entity146 screening for @entity308 was completed by all subjects and controls. Paired t test revealed significantly impaired phagocytic ability in the tetraplegic group compared with their controls. The paraplegic group did not demonstrate these findings. Our results suggest that individuals who have sustained complete cervical @entity1566 have alteration in immune function compared with neurologically intact controls, whereas those with lesions at or below T-10 do not. This in vitro finding may be related to @entity281 after cervical @entity1566 . The mechanism may involve dysregulation of the sympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system.

title: Impaired phagocytosis of XXXX in complete tetraplegics.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: Spermatogenesis is characterized by the succession in time and space of specific germ cell associations (stages). There can be a single stage (e.g., rodents and some macaques) or more than one stage (e.g., @entity831 and @entity1 ) per tubular cross section. We analyzed the organization of the seminiferous epithelium and quantified testicular germ cell production and apoptosis in a New World primate, the @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ). Tubule cross sections contained more than one stage, and the @entity1 six-stage system could be applied to marmoset spermatogenesis. Stereological (optical disector) analysis (n = 5) revealed high spermatogenic efficiency during meiosis and no loss of spermatids during spermiogenesis. The conversion of type A to type B spermatogonia was several-fold higher than that reported for other primates. Highest apoptotic rates were found for S-phase cells (20%) and 4C cells (15%) by flow cytometric analysis (n = 6 animals); histological analysis confirmed spermatogonial apoptosis. Haploid germ cell apoptosis was <2%. Marmoset spermatogenesis is very efficient and involves substantial spermatogonial proliferation. The prime determinants of germ cell production in primates appear to be proliferation and survival of spermatogonia rather than the efficiency of meiotic divisions. Based on the organizational similarities, @entity7533 could provide a new animal model for experimental studies of @entity1 spermatogenesis.

title: Quantitative analysis of spermatogenesis and apoptosis in the @entity7533 ( XXXX ) reveals high rates of spermatogonial turnover and high spermatogenic efficiency.

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus', 'common marmosets', 'common marmoset']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzee']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['Callithrix jacchus']


abstract: Although @entity2057 is common to a number of disease states there is incomplete knowledge of the cellular mechanisms involved. In this study @entity19 myotubes were treated with the @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ) to evaluate the role of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) as an upstream intermediate in protein degradation. @entity865 showed a parabolic dose-response curve for the induction of total protein degradation, with an optimal effect at a concentration of 25 nM, and an optimal incubation time of 3 h. Protein degradation was attenuated by co-incubation with the proteasome inhibitor @entity16628 (5 microM), suggesting that it was mediated through the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway. @entity865 induced an increased expression and activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, as evidenced by an increased functional activity, and increased expression of the @entity52228 proteasome alpha-subunits, the 19S subunits MSS1 and @entity18757 , as well as the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme @entity52229 ), also with a maximal effect at a concentration of 25 nM and with a 3 h incubation time. There was also a reciprocal decrease in the cellular content of the myofibrillar protein myosin. @entity865 induced activation of @entity7131 maximally at a concentration of 25 nM and this effect was attenuated by the @entity7131 inhibitor @entity11616 (300 nM), as was also total protein degradation. These results suggest that stimulation of @entity7131 in muscle cells initiates protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. @entity865 also induced degradation of the inhibitory protein, @entity1993 , and increased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) at the same time and concentrations as those inducing proteasome expression. In addition inhibition of NF-kappaB activation by @entity4025 (30 microM) attenuated protein degradation induced by @entity865 . These results suggest that the induction of proteasome expression by @entity865 may involve the transcription factor NF-kappaB.

title: Induction of protein degradation in skeletal muscle by a XXXX involves upregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity11616 :: ('MESH:C058819', 'Chemical') :: ['calphostin C']

entities_list: @entity16628 :: ('MESH:C067713', 'Chemical') :: ['lactacystin']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: Equimolar amounts (36.8 nmol) of @entity53 and the two @entity50069 (CE's) @entity46557 ( @entity56383 ) and @entity35566 ( @entity56384 ) were injected subcutaneously to ovariectomized adult rats. Serum levels of both LH and FSH were determined at short-term intervals. Moreover, serum levels of the administered @entity230 and their main free and conjugated metabolites were monitored. Serum levels of the injected @entity230 reached peak values at different time points: @entity53 between 60 and 240 min, CE's between 30 and 60 min. Peak height also differed significantly: with @entity53 highest (1500 pg/ml), followed by @entity56383 (540 pg/ml) and then @entity56384 (135 pg/ml) (ratio 11:4:1). This mirrored the different MCR's of the @entity230 : CE's, especially @entity56384 , were rapidly and extensively methylated and/or - to a lesser degree - conjugated. @entity53 remained mainly unchanged. LH-serum levels in @entity134 treated animals showed - irrespective of the @entity134 used - a uniform reaction pattern: they were significantly depressed 60 to 240 min after injection and - with the exception of @entity53 treated @entity35 - reached pretreatment levels again 480 min after injection. Ultra-short (15 min) effects were not observed. FSH serum levels in CE treated animals were not significantly altered, only E2 application led to a significant but small decrease in FSH levels 240 and 480 min after its injection. In conclusion, neither the effect of @entity56383 nor that of @entity56384 corresponded to the different MCR's or the MCR-corrected affinities for the classical @entity172 receptor. A non-genomic mechanism may be responsible for this impaired effect of CE's.

title: Effects of short-term exposure to XXXX on serum concentrations of gonadotrophins and metabolism of @entity50069 in ovariectomized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity50069 :: ('MESH:D002393', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholestrogens']

entities_list: @entity35566 :: ('MESH:C001390', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyestradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity46557 :: ('MESH:C014036', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxyestradiol']

answer: @entity50069 :: (MESH:D002393,Chemical) :: ['catecholestrogens']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the inhibitory effect of HBx antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on the formation of transplanted @entity157 in @entity19 . METHOD: 50 @entity19 were randomly divided into 5 groups: 1 control group and 4 experimental groups. Log-phase Hep3B cells endogenously expressing HBX were injected subcutaneously in @entity19 . From the second day, the PAGE purified @entity36912 , @entity54788 , @entity54789 and AS4 HBx antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were injected intraperitoneally into the 4 experimental groups, respectively, on alternate days for 5 times, and distilled water was injected into the control group. Growth information of subcutaneous @entity5 in @entity19 was recorded for 30 days. Incidence rate of transplanted @entity5 in different groups was compared and analyzed by survival analysis. Statistics software SPSS12.0 was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Incidence rate of transplanted @entity5 was 100% in @entity36912 , @entity54788 , @entity54789 and control groups, and 90% in AS4 group (x2 = 3.995, P = 1.0). The median latency period for transplanted @entity5 formation was 19 days (17.48-20.52), 12 days (9.93-14.07), 11 days (9.45 to 12.55), 21 days (19.48 to 22.52), and 10 days (8.99 to 11.01) in @entity36912 , @entity54788 , @entity54789 , AS4 and control group, respectively. The latency period for @entity5 formation was prolonged by treatment of @entity19 with @entity36912 and AS4 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting to the appropriate sites of HBx gene can prolong the latency period of subcutaneously transplanted @entity5 in @entity19 , however, the formation of transplanted @entity5 can not be completely blocked by limited treatment with these antisense oligos. In addition, our results suggest that peritoneal injection may be an effective way to deliver antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to living organisms.

title: [Effect of HBx antisense oligodeoxynucleotide on formation of transplanted XXXX in @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'transplantation tumor']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Several mutations in the @entity21540 (RLC) were identified to cause @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). Based on our previous cellular findings showing delayed @entity460 transients in electrically stimulated intact papillary muscle fibres from transgenic Tg- @entity52894 and Tg- @entity52895 @entity19 and, in addition, prolonged force transients in Tg- @entity52894 fibres, we hypothesized that the malignant @entity1121 phenotype associated with the @entity52894 mutation is most likely related to @entity67 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Cardiac morphology and in vivo haemodynamics by echocardiography as well as cardiac function in isolated perfused working hearts were assessed in transgenic (Tg) mutant @entity19 . The ATPase-pCa relationship was determined in myofibrils isolated from Tg @entity19 hearts. In addition, the effect of both mutations on RLC phosphorylation was examined in rapidly frozen ventricular samples from Tg @entity19 . Significantly, @entity712 was observed in isolated perfused working hearts from both Tg- @entity52894 and Tg- @entity52895 @entity19 . However, echocardiographic examination showed significant alterations in diastolic transmitral velocities and deceleration time only in Tg- @entity52894 myocardium. Likewise, changes in @entity141 sensitivity, cooperativity, and an elevated level of ATPase activity at low [ @entity141 ] were only observed in myofibrils from Tg- @entity52894 @entity19 . In addition, the @entity52894 mutation and not the @entity52895 led to reduced RLC phosphorylation in Tg ventricles. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the @entity52895 and @entity52894 mutations may act through similar mechanisms, leading to compensatory hypertrophy of the functionally compromised myocardium, but the malignant @entity52894 phenotype is most likely associated with more severe alterations in cardiac performance manifested as @entity409 . At the molecular level, we suggest that by reducing the phosphorylation of RLC, the @entity52894 mutation decreases the kinetics of myosin cross-bridges, leading to an increased myofilament @entity460 sensitivity and to overall changes in intracellular @entity141 homeostasis.

title: @entity67 in XXXX transgenic model @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired relaxation and global diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity21540 :: ('17906(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ventricular myosin regulatory light chain']

entities_list: @entity52895 :: ('p|SUB|N|47|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['N47K']

entities_list: @entity52894 :: ('p|SUB|R|58|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R58Q']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['FHC', 'familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1358 is an unusual variant of @entity1358 , whose appearance and behavior are not well established. We identified six cases of collecting duct @entity189 in our files. The clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of these @entity5 are reported. The most common symptom was gross @entity811 (four cases). Two @entity1 had cervical adenopathy due to @entity3 . Four rapidly developed systemic @entity3 and died within 4 to 24 months. The primary @entity703 were located predominantly in the renal medulla and pelvis and had a partially cystic white-gray appearance. Histologic examination showed prominent tubulopapillary structures, nests of clear cells, and infiltrating tubules in a dense @entity2269 . Atypical hyperplastic changes were found in some of the adjacent collecting ducts. Mucicarminophilic material was present in glandular elements in all six cases. Immunohistochemical studies revealed positivity with antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen, keratins, peanut agglutinin, @entity2277 , Leu M1 and lysozyme. The location of this @entity5 in the medulla, its distinctive histologic appearance, @entity3558 positivity, expression of high molecular weight cytokeratins, and peanut agglutinin suggest that this is a distinct clinicopathologic entity which has an aggressive clinical course.

title: XXXX of the kidney.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Collecting duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Collecting duct carcinoma']


abstract: Following an earlier study linking monosomy 9 with recurrence of @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary bladder, 109 primary and recurrent @entity1606 (from 47 @entity1 ) were examined to explore genetic alterations at chromosome 9 associated with recurrence. @entity1 DNA was microdissected and extracted from archival tissue sections and analysed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at three regions on chromosome 9 where @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are known to reside ( @entity986 , @entity26205 , and @entity10622 ). @entity1 were categorized into two groups, non-recurrent @entity8214 (NR, n=18) and recurrent @entity8214 (REC, n=29). It was noted that 12% of NR @entity5 , compared with 54% of REC primary @entity5 (p=0.01), had LOH at all informative markers spanning the @entity10622 region. The risk of recurrence was significantly higher in @entity1 with deleted @entity10622 than in those who retained the @entity10622 region (p=0.035). Levels of LOH at @entity26205 or @entity986 were not significantly different in NR @entity5 than in REC primary @entity5 and recurrence-free survival was not affected by loss of either of these genes. Loss of all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 was observed in 0% of NR @entity5 compared with 25% of REC primary @entity5 (p=0.04). The probability of recurrence was also significantly increased in @entity1 who had LOH at all informative markers spanning chromosome 9 (p=0.016), confirming earlier fluorescence in situ hybridization results. This study provides further evidence that recurrence in @entity150 is a distinct event, with underlying molecular causes. It also identifies the @entity10622 locus as a candidate for a TSG, which drives recurrence in a proportion of @entity8214 @entity1 . Loss of all informative markers, including those residing in the @entity10622 region, spanning chromosome 9 was also linked to recurrence.

title: Identification of loci associated with putative recurrence genes in transitional cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour suppressor genes', 'TSGs', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas', 'TCCs']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy, safety and @entity1 acceptability of the use of intranasal @entity681 for @entity5 -associated @entity158 . This was a prospective, open label, observational study of @entity1 in three inpatient palliative care units in Australia. @entity1 on opioids with @entity5 -associated @entity158 and clinical evidence of opioid responsiveness to their @entity158 were given intranasal (IN) @entity681 via a GO Medical @entity1 controlled IN @entity1337 device. The main outcome measures were @entity158 scores, need to revert to previous breakthrough opioid after 30 min, number of @entity1 who chose to continue using IN @entity681 , and adverse effects. There were 64 episodes of use of IN @entity681 for @entity158 in 30 @entity1 . There was a significant reduction in @entity158 scores at 15 (P < 0.0001) and 30 min (P < 0.0001). In only 4/64 (6%) episodes of @entity158 did the @entity1 choose to revert to their prestudy breakthrough medication. Twenty-three @entity1 (77%) rated IN @entity681 as better than their prestudy breakthrough medication. The incidence of adverse effects was low and most were mild. Our study showed that IN @entity681 can provide relatively rapid onset, intense but relatively short lasting @entity1337 and in the palliative care setting it is an effective, practical, and safe option for @entity158 .

title: Intranasal XXXX for @entity5 -associated @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['Sufentanil', 'sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity681 :: (MESH:D017409,Chemical) :: ['sufentanil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene transfer to the vessel wall may provide new possibilities for the treatment of @entity455 , such as postangioplasty restenosis. In this study, we analyzed the effects of adenovirus-mediated @entity94 ( @entity94 )-C gene transfer on @entity8233 formation after endothelial denudation in @entity95 . For comparison, a second group was treated with @entity94 adenovirus and a third group with lacZ adenovirus. Clinical-grade adenoviruses were used for the study. METHODS AND RESULTS: Aortas of @entity165 -fed New Zealand White @entity95 were balloon-denuded, and gene transfer was performed 3 days later. Animals were euthanized 2 and 4 weeks after the gene transfer, and intima/media ratio (I/M), histology, and cell proliferation were analyzed. Two weeks after the gene transfer, I/M in the lacZ-transfected control group was 0. 57+/-0.04. @entity54371 gene transfer reduced I/M to 0.38+/-0.02 (P:<0.05 versus lacZ group). I/M in @entity94 -treated animals was 0.49+/-0.17 (P:=NS). The tendency that both @entity94 groups had smaller I/M persisted at the 4-week time point, when the lacZ group had an I/M of 0.73+/-0.16, the @entity54371 group 0.44+/-0.14, and the @entity94 -A group 0. 63+/-0.21 (P:=NS). Expression of @entity94 receptors 1, 2, and 3 was detected in the vessel wall by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. As an additional control, the effect of adenovirus on cell proliferation was analyzed by performing gene transfer to intact aorta without endothelial denudation. No differences were seen in smooth muscle cell proliferation or I/M between lacZ adenovirus and 0.9% saline-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Adenovirus-mediated @entity54371 gene transfer may be useful for the treatment of postangioplasty restenosis and vessel wall thickening after vascular manipulations.

title: Intravascular adenovirus-mediated @entity54371 gene transfer reduces XXXX formation in balloon-denuded @entity95 aorta.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disorders']

entities_list: @entity94 :: ('100008899(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-A', 'VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity8233 :: (MESH:D058426,Disease) :: ['neointima']


abstract: @entity2687 are connected with structural and biochemical changes of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Little is known about the possible effects of these changed basement membranes. In the present study we investigated the influence of changed @entity195 on endothelium. @entity1 corneal endothelial cells were cultured on @entity195 of healthy corneas as well as corneas with @entity13189 or @entity2372 , and cell growth and morphology were compared. On healthy @entity195 , cells formed a confluent monolayer within 4 days. Cells cultured on Fuchs' @entity195 showed a similar pattern. The polygonal cell pattern was interrupted merely in the area of the guttae, which were covered by cell processes alone. Culturing cells proved to be difficult on @entity195 from corneas with @entity2372 . Even though the cells attached to the @entity195 , they did not spread but became spindle shaped and rarely formed intercellular contacts. Even after 7 days no confluent monolayer was established. These results indicate that some though not all pathological @entity195 changes interfere with cell growth.

title: [The pathologically changed Descemet membrane. Cultivation of XXXX corneal endothelium on transformed membrane].

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal endothelial diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['DM', "Descemet's membrane"]

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ["Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Derivatives of the Edmonston-B strain of @entity805 -Ed) are safe, live attenuated @entity805 ) vaccines that have been used worldwide for more than 30 years. The cytoreductive potential of MV-Ed has been investigated in @entity19 models of both @entity146 and indolent @entity1892 in @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 . The rationale for these studies was generated by experience with viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins as cytotoxic genes and the recognition of the potential of replicating viruses in the treatment of @entity1 @entity5 . Intratumoral injection of both unmodified MV-Ed and a strain of MV-Ed genetically modified by the addition of a beta-galactosidase reporter gene (MVlacZ) induced regression of large established @entity1 @entity706 xenografts, in contrast to control therapy with UV-inactivated virus, in which all @entity5 progressed. The antitumor effect still occurred in the presence of passively transferred anti-MV antibody. Intravenous administration of MV also resulted in considerable slowing of @entity5 progression. Analysis of sections of @entity41 confirmed replication of MV within the @entity5 . Thus, the vaccine strain of MV mediates regression of large, established @entity1 @entity1892 xenografts in @entity466 @entity19 , and proof of principle is established that MV is oncolytic for @entity706 in vivo. Attenuated MVs may have value as a novel replicating-virus therapy for this group of disorders. (Blood. 2001;97:3746-3754)

title: Live attenuated XXXX induces regression of @entity1 @entity706 xenografts in immunodeficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus (MV']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity805 :: (11234,Species) :: ['measles virus']


abstract: In a study of the mechanisms involved in the induction of @entity5 by chemicals, the @entity11517 oncogene was analysed in @entity96 induced by the genotoxic carcinogen @entity107 ( @entity108 ), or the non-genotoxic agent @entity109 (PB) in C3H/He @entity19 . Mutations were detected using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide hybridization. Codon 61 mutations were detected in 41% of @entity108 -induced @entity5 (19/46), either in the first base (CG----AT, 12/19), a transversion, or the second base (AT----GC, 7/19), a transition. Codon 61 mutations were also found in 29% of spontaneous @entity5 (all CG----AT, 6/21) but none were detected in PB-induced @entity5 (0/15) or in normal liver tissue of untreated @entity19 (0/30). No mutations were detected at codon 12. Low and variable expression of the @entity11517 gene was detected in all liver tissues with moderately raised levels (175-200%) in spontaneous, @entity108 and PB-induced @entity5 as compared to normal liver tissue. The @entity11517 gene was methylated to some extent in all liver tissues, with no discernible difference between the treatments. The frequency of the @entity11517 mutation at codon 61 in @entity108 -induced @entity5 is greater than in spontaneously arising @entity5 . This increase is not accompanied by any specific alteration in the expression or methylation of the gene. Since PB-induced @entity5 do not possess mutations in the @entity11517 gene at codons 12 or 61, the data suggest that the non-genotoxic agent PB induces @entity5 in the C3H/He @entity19 liver with a mechanism distinct from that of spontaneous @entity5 or those that result from treatment with a potent genotoxic carcinogen such as @entity108 .

title: Analysis of the @entity11517 oncogene in C3H/He XXXX @entity96 derived spontaneously or induced with @entity107 or @entity109 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Detecting @entity1712 in the nasal secretions of @entity1 complaining of @entity8968 makes it possible to identify a group of high risk @entity1 . Hosty use of surgery in these @entity1 carries a high risk of iatrogenic complications and little potential for improvement. The 2 most frequently used methods of obtaining cytologic specimens (swabbing versus washing) were compared in 37 @entity1 with @entity2490 ( @entity14 with @entity1712 , NARES). Swabbing gave reliable results. Eosinophilia was negligible in a group of 25 control subjects. The mean eosinophil count was 2.5% and only 1 @entity1 had a positive cystogram. The 220 @entity1 which @entity8968 were classed in 5 groups according to the severity of clinical signs and symptoms. The mean eosinophil count and the percentage of @entity1 with positive cystogram increased with increased severity of the clinical syndrome. 28 @entity1 had @entity2490 , 10 had NARES, 43 had @entity2023 , 52 had @entity1030 , and 87 had nasosinal @entity1412 . The respective mean eosinophil counts were 6.42%, 10.3%, 13.8% 16.8% and 31.4%. The percentage of @entity1 with positive cytograms was respectively, 10.8%, 20%, 23.3%, 28.8% and 54%.

title: [Secretory @entity1712 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['uncomplicated obstructive rhinitis', 'obstructive rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['early stage polyposis and nonallergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['obstructive rhinitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the association between use of proton pump inhibitors and a range of harmful outcomes in @entity1 using @entity1397 and @entity117 . DESIGN: Observational cohort study and self controlled case series. SETTING: United Kingdom General Practice Research Database with linked data from the @entity296 National Audit Project (MINAP) and the Office for National Statistics (the @entity65 research using linked bespoke studies and electronic records (CALIBER) collaboration) POPULATION: 24,471 @entity1 receiving @entity1397 and @entity117 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was @entity204 or incident @entity583 . Secondary outcomes were @entity204 , incident @entity583 , @entity204 , and @entity204 . Comparisons were made between proton pump inhibitor use and non-use. RESULTS: Of the 24,471 @entity1 prescribed @entity1397 and @entity117 , 12,439 (50%) were also prescribed a proton pump inhibitor at some time during the study. @entity204 or incident @entity583 occurred in 1419 (11%) @entity1 while they were receiving a proton pump inhibitor compared with 1341 (8%) who were not receiving a proton pump inhibitor. In multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for the association between proton pump inhibitor use and @entity204 or incident @entity583 was 1.37 (95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.48). Comparable results were seen for secondary outcomes and with other 2C19 inhibitors and with non-2C19 inhibitors. With the self controlled case series design to remove the effect of differences between @entity1 , there was no association between proton pump inhibitor use and @entity583 , with a rate ratio of 0.75 (0.55 to 1.01). Similarly, with the self controlled case series there was no association with @entity583 for other 2C19 inhibitors/non-inhibitors. CONCLUSION: The lack of a specific association and the discrepancy between findings of the analyses between and within @entity1 suggests that the interaction between proton pump inhibitors and @entity1397 is clinically unimportant.

title: @entity1397 and interaction with proton pump inhibitors: comparison between cohort and within XXXX study designs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['non-vascular death', 'Death', 'vascular death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['person']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of failure of endoluminal grafting for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) and to put forward proposals for preventing these failures. METHODS: Since May 1992, endoluminal repair of @entity439 was undertaken in 47 @entity1 . Forty-three of these @entity1 had AAAs and are the basis of this study. All procedures were nonurgent and were performed in the operating room with the @entity1 draped for an open repair in the event of failed endoluminal repair. Radiographic guidance was used to pass the endografts into the aorta via a delivery sheath introduced through the femoral or iliac arteries. The configuration of the endografts was tubular (n = 28), tapered aortoiliac/aortofemoral (n = 11), and bifurcated (n = 4). RESULTS: Successful endoluminal repair was achieved in 34 of 43 (79%) @entity1 . The remaining nine were terminated in favor of an open repair. The causes of failure were problems with access (2), balloon malfunction (1), stent dislodgment (3), graft @entity715 (1), and inability to deploy the contralateral limb of a bifurcated graft (2). All failed endoluminal repairs proceeded to successful open repair. There was no perioperative mortality in @entity1 undergoing endoluminal repair or in those whose endoluminal repair was converted to open operation. CONCLUSIONS: The failures of endoluminal grafting have been analyzed. Methods of avoiding access problems, balloon malfunction, and stent dislodgment have been defined and recommendations made.

title: Endoluminal grafting of XXXX : causes of failure and their prevention.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1149 can be cured if the @entity1 is medically operable and the @entity5 resectable. Current diagnostic strategies are aimed to detect @entity5 deposits that preclude resection with curative intent. However, these strategies are rather inefficient, resulting in a large number of futile invasive procedures. In the early 1990s positron emission tomography (PET) showed promising results at its introduction in the clinic, especially in oncology. A large number of accuracy studies have reported that PET is superior to conventional imaging. However, whether PET ultimately improves @entity1 outcome should ideally be assessed by means of a randomized controlled trial. No such design has been applied to evaluate PET in oncology so far. The PLUS study was designed to compare the current strategy of conventional methods with a strategy where PET was added after completion of noninvasive techniques. @entity1 considered operable by the physician at this point were then randomly assigned to PET and further consequences or to standard procedures of mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy. Primary outcome events were futile thoracotomies. The trial randomized 188 @entity1 from nine hospitals in 1 year. @entity1 enrollment has been stopped and data collection is in progress. The results will be published in 2001. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:89-98

title: Toward less futile surgery in XXXX ? A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of positron emission tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) under sonographic guidance is an effective therapy for @entity157 on @entity82 , while less favorable results have been reported for liver @entity3 . Surgery and/or other new treatments (i.e., interstitial thermotherapy) are indicated only for small @entity3 (< 3 cm) and surgeons no longer perform the palliative debulking of neoplastic masses. @entity1 AND METHODS: From March, 1994, to December, 1997, thirty-three @entity1 with 62 large (> 3.5 cm) and/or multiple liver @entity3 , who were not eligible for surgery nor thermotherapy, were treated with one-shot @entity8681 under general anesthesia. The diameter of the nodules ranged 35-92 mm (mean: 39); the lesions were single in 15 @entity1 and localized in both the right and the left lobe in 19 @entity1 . 25-110 ml @entity1068 were injected per session. Post-treatment results were assessed with dynamic or dual-phase spiral CT; therapeutic success was defined as the absence of @entity75 areas. RESULTS: Complete @entity39 of the @entity3 was shown in 10 @entity1 (30.3%). Necrosis rate ranged 70-90% in 21 @entity1 (64%) and was 50% in 2 @entity1 (5.7%). Survival rates were 94%, 80%, 80% and 44% at 12, 24, 36 and 44 months, respectively. No major complications were observed. Seeding of neoplastic cells along the needle tract has been never observed to date. DISCUSSION: @entity3 diameter and number impact on long-term survival. @entity8681 under general anesthesia allows to treat also the @entity1 who are not eligible for other treatments and to inject large amounts of @entity1068 per session in different @entity5 areas because @entity3 usually set on in an otherwise healthy liver. CONCLUSIONS: One-shot @entity8681 can cause major, even complete, @entity5 @entity39 in large and multiple liver @entity3 . The absence of any important complications and the survival rates in our series seem to indicate that one-shot @entity8681 is effective for @entity5 debulking in @entity1 not eligible for surgery and other alternative treatments.

title: [Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous @entity1068 injection in large an/or multiple liver XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdense lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic workup proposed by the UICC (International Union against Cancer) Flow charts for diagnosis and staging of @entity706 in developed and developing countries (1998). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Our series consists of 134 @entity1 with early @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The @entity1 , 75 @entity1 (56%) and 59 @entity1 (44%), ranging in age 14-80 years (mean: 56.8), were examined with chest radiography and thoracoabdominal CT. Abdominal US was used only in the follow-up of low-grade @entity1893 . The @entity1 were classified according to the Working Formulation criteria (1981) and staged as proposed by the Ann Arbor Conference guidelines (1971). RESULTS: At diagnosis, 5 @entity1 (3.7%) were in stage I, 32 (23.8%) in stage II, 46 (34%) in stage III and 51 (38%) in stage IV. Extranodal involvement was seen in 59 @entity1 (44%), which was present at disease onset in 49 of them (80%) and developed later on in 10 (20%). Gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system were the most frequent sites of extranodal involvement (15 cases, 25%), followed by liver (12%), genitourinary system (including the ovary), adrenal glands, the craniocervical region, muscles and finally the breast. The parotid gland, thyroid and bone were involved in one case only each. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In agreement with previous literature reports, our study confirms that the best technique currently available for diagnosis, staging and follow-up of @entity706 is chest-abdomen CT. Indeed, even though extranodal involvement exhibits extremely variable patterns, there are some typical findings at CT, such as homogenous structural hypodensity, low contrast enhancement, frequent plurivisceral involvement and/or local lymph node involvement. Our study followed the 1998 UICC guidelines for @entity5 diagnosis and staging in developed countries, based on the histology of lymph node biopsy material and on imaging techniques such as CT, MRI and PET. As for developing countries, lymph node biopsy is the most easily available, and thus preferred, examination, while imaging diagnosis features chest radiography and abdominal US.

title: [Non-hodgkin's XXXX . Strategies for imaging diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'malignant lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas of extranodal localization']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) on tissue @entity880 and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels in @entity95 brain after experimental @entity542 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. SUBJECTS: Thirty @entity95 . INTERVENTIONS: Group 1 (n = 10) was the sham operated group. Group 2 (n = 10) (untreated group) and group 3 (n = 10) received @entity542 with the weight drop method. @entity2400 was administered 100 mg/kg (15 %) i. v. immediately after the @entity542 to group 3. @entity130 was applied to one side. The non-contused side was named as "a" and the contused side as "b". MEASUREMENTS: One hour after @entity130 , brain cortices were resected and the concentrations of @entity880 and @entity1865 were determined using the spectrophotometric enzymatic and @entity4466 methods. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD tests were used for the evaluation of the results. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. Pearson's correlation test was used between @entity880 and @entity1865 levels (P < 0.001). RESULTS: There were significant differences between @entity1865 and @entity880 levels of group 1 and all other groups; non-contused (a) and contused (b) sides of groups 2 and 3; groups 2b-3a, 2b-3b (P < 0.05). The difference in @entity1865 levels was significant between groups 2a-3b (P < 0.05). Correlation between @entity880 and @entity1865 was very good in group 1, and excellent in groups 2a, 2b, 3a, and 3b. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity542 leads to an increase in brain tissue @entity880 and @entity1865 levels, and @entity2400 suppresses the rise in contused tissue when given after @entity542 .

title: Effects of @entity2399 on tissue XXXX and @entity1234 levels in experimental @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is no published data in Nepal regarding the use of @entity4562 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Therefore, a retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the response and @entity137 profile of @entity4562 alone in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 and unknown @entity470 ( @entity470 ) status. METHODS: A single institutional retrospective study was conducted for the period from January 2004 to December 2006 involving @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 who received @entity4562 as monotherapy Primary objective was to evaluate the objective @entity5 response rate. RESULTS: A total of 36 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 who received @entity4562 250 mg orally once daily as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th line treatment in 7, 14, 9, and 6 @entity1 respectively were included in the analysis. Comparable number of @entity1 pertaining to sex, smoking status, and @entity5 histology were included. The overall response rate at 3 months was 60% including 47% in males and 68% in females. After one month 38% and 6.6% @entity1 with @entity420 and squamous histology respectively responded to @entity4562 therapy. The median progression-free survival was 5.7 months. @entity137 were generally mild with @entity294 , @entity1910 and @entity111 being the most commonly observed side effects. CONCLUSION: In this single-center experience, @entity4562 demonstrated clinically significant response in overall population and provided good palliation in pretreated @entity1 .

title: @entity4562 monotherapy in advanced XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: During the 10 years from 1964 to 1973, fifteen @entity1 with severe @entity337 were treated surgically at the National Heart Hospital. In thirteen the valve was replaced and in two it was repaired. In addition four had replacement of an aneurysmal ascending aorta with a Dacron graft and seven some form of plastic repair to the coronary ostia. Three @entity1 died within 1 month of surgery and a further six during the follow-up period which varied from 1 to 55 months (mean 25-5). The six survivors have been followed-up for an average of 33 months. Factors contributing to this high mortality were analysed and it was found that the mean duration of effort dyspnoea was 22 months in the survivors compared with 48 months in those who had died. Similarly the average duration of nocturnal dyspnoea was 4 months in the survivors compared with a mean of 8 months in those who had died. Only six out of the fifteen @entity1 had @entity951 ; this was present in two of the survivors and in four of the fatalities. The pulse pressure, heart size, and haemodynamic findings were similar in the two groups. The prognostic value of an elevated erythocyte sedimentation rate was also examined. It was concluded that preoperative investigations should include aortography, coronary arteriography, an assessment of left ventricular function, and whenever possible myocardial biopsy. These data were interpreted as suggesting that @entity1 should be referred for surgery at an earlier stage in the disease--certainly before the onset of @entity712 and--and that if this more aggresive attitude was adopted, as it has been in non-syphilitic cases of @entity886 , the present high mortality in this group would be reduced.

title: XXXX . An appraisal of surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['syphilitic aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Syphilitic aortic regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine expression of cell cycle and apoptotic genes, biochemical analysis of @entity16364 and antisense @entity4910 -transfected @entity16364 ( @entity16364 ) cells in the presence of @entity900 was performed. In addition, biochemical analysis of CAL27 cells before and after treatment with @entity900 was performed to determine expression of cell cycle genes. DESIGN: @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27 cell lines were treated with @entity900 . Western blot analysis, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and apoptosis assays were performed. SETTING: In vitro study of @entity135 cell lines @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27. INTERVENTION: @entity16364 , @entity16364 , and CAL27 cells were treated with @entity900 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of @entity986 , @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity1836 , Bcl-xS, @entity5438 , @entity1673 , @entity7465 , @entity588 , @entity1178 , and @entity1178 -D were assessed using Western blot analysis. RESULTS: There was increased expression of @entity986 , @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity1836 , and BCLxS genes with @entity900 treatment in the @entity16364 and @entity16364 cells. Expression of @entity5438 , @entity1673 , @entity7465 , @entity588 , c-iun, and @entity1178 -D remained unaltered after treatment. There was decreased phosphorylation of Rb protein with complete absence of hyperphosphorylated Rb in the maximally sensitized antisense @entity4910 -transfected ( @entity16364 ) cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed a decreased G2 phase of the cell cycle and an increased proportion of apoptotic cells in the @entity16364 AS cell line compared with parental @entity16364 cells. Cell killing also occurred in the presence of @entity522 inhibitor. While @entity16364 cells contain wild-type @entity876 , the CAL27 cells have a point mutation in codon 193 ( @entity2775 transversion) of exon 6. However, CAL27 cells still exhibited increased expression of @entity3544 after treatment with @entity900 . CONCLUSIONS: These results, in combination with increased expression of the @entity876 downstream effecter @entity3544 , indicate that the @entity900 -induced cell cycle arrest operates through the @entity986 / @entity876 -dependent pathway, and a caspase-independent pathway may be involved. Combination treatment of @entity213 via cell cycle inhibition and @entity900 holds promise as a potential therapy in the clinical setting.

title: @entity900 -induced growth arrest of @entity135 cells correlates with increased expression of @entity986 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Prolactin-secreting @entity652 are one of the most common types of @entity1313 found in @entity1 . The modalities of clinical treatment currently in use include D(2)- @entity935 receptor agonists, surgery, and radiotherapy, and the success rates for treatment are good. However, there are @entity2013 that are difficult to treat. As an alternative, we have developed a gene therapy strategy in which the rate-limiting enzyme in @entity935 synthesis, @entity669 hydroxylase (TH), is overexpressed in the anterior pituitary (AP) gland. Because @entity935 is known to have an inhibitory effect on lactotroph growth and prolactin secretion, we developed a system that would enable its local synthesis from freely available precursor @entity1522 . A dual adenovirus @entity803 -regulatable expression system was generated to control the production of TH. In the absence but not presence of the @entity803 analog @entity3403 , TH expression was observed in AP @entity5 cell lines AtT20, GH3, and MMQ. In both primary AP cell cultures and the AP gland, in situ expression of TH was seen in lactotrophs, somatotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs, and gonadotrophs in the absence but not presence of @entity3403 . The ability of this system to inhibit @entity4089 and @entity1373 was then assessed in a model of @entity172 - or @entity172 / @entity3216 -induced @entity977 . In the absence but not presence of @entity3403 , a 49% reduction in pituitary growth and 58% reduction in the increase of circulating prolactin levels were observed in @entity172 , but not @entity172 / @entity3216 , treated @entity35 . These results indicate that in situ @entity935 enhancement gene therapy can be a useful tool for the treatment of @entity2013 . @entity935 synthesis can be tightly regulated and the therapeutic benefit of the system is only inhibited when local @entity935 signaling is impaired.

title: Regulated, adenovirus-mediated delivery of XXXX hydroxylase suppresses growth of @entity172 -induced @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma', 'prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lactotroph hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']