abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sublethal injury induces tolerance to a subsequent lethal insult, a phenomenon termed preconditioning (PC). PC occurs within hours (early tolerance) or days (delayed tolerance) after the inducing stimulus. In the brain, delayed tolerance has been studied extensively, but very little is known about early tolerance. We investigated whether the proinflammatory agent lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a well-established inducer of delayed tolerance, can also induce early tolerance and, if so, whether @entity842 (NO) is involved in its mechanisms. METHODS: In C57BL/6 @entity19 , LPS was administered and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) was microinjected into the neocortex 30 minutes to 24 hours later. Lesion volume was assessed 24 hours after @entity143 administration in @entity32341 -stained sections. RESULTS: LPS reduced @entity143 lesions when administered 1 hour (-25+/-1%; P<0.05, n=5 per group) or 24 hours (-25+/-4%; P<0.05, n=5 per group) before @entity143 application. LPS administration 30 minutes or 2 to 4 hours before @entity143 administration was not neuroprotective (P>0.05). The protection at 1 hour was independent of protein synthesis and was blocked by inhibition of neuronal NO synthase or soluble guanylyl cyclase. Furthermore, early protection was not observed in neuronal or endothelial NO synthase-null @entity19 , but it was present in inducible NO synthase-null @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrate that LPS induces both early and late tolerance. At variance with delayed tolerance, which depends on inducible NO synthase and @entity6710 , early tolerance is mediated by endothelial and neuronal NO through production of @entity6708 . The findings suggest that LPS can trigger signaling between endothelial cells and neurons, leading to NO production and @entity6708 -dependent neuroprotection.

title: Lipopolysaccharide induces early tolerance to excitotoxicity via XXXX and @entity6708 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: A 48-week phase II open, uncontrolled study of @entity2044 (AF) in @entity1 @entity309 ( @entity309 ) was conducted to assess efficacy, tolerance and serum gold levels, and to consider the feasibility of further controlled studies (phase III) in such @entity1 . The study group included 25 @entity1 (20 F, 5 M) with active pauciarticular (n = 4) or polyarticular (n = 21) @entity309 . Median age was 100 months (range 62-176); median disease duration was 55 months (range 13-155). AF was given at 0.1 mg/kg/day divided into 2 doses, and increases to maximum of 6 mg/day were permitted if clinical improvement was insufficient. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy also were allowed. Significant improvement (p less than or equal to 0.05) was observed in the various joint counts and articular indices, as well as in the physician's global assessment of health. Some subjective functional measurements also were improved, but the differences were not statistically significant. There were no clinically important trends in the laboratory measurements. No @entity1 was withdrawn because of adverse reactions; 1 was withdrawn because of disease exacerbation and 3 for lack of response. Mild adverse reactions were seen in 9 @entity1 : 6 had @entity490 , 6 @entity294 /loose stools, 1 @entity390 , 3 rash, 2 @entity111 . Two @entity1 had dosage reduced because of loose stools. Serum gold levels varied greatly; increased dosage usually resulted in increased serum levels. Occurrence of adverse reactions or response to therapy was not related to increases in dose or to serum gold levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX therapy in @entity309 : a 48-week phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

entities_list: @entity2044 :: ('MESH:D001310', 'Chemical') :: ['auranofin']

answer: @entity2044 :: (MESH:D001310,Chemical) :: ['Auranofin']


abstract: This paper focuses on the influence of maternal nutrition on @entity1 survival and growth and on subsequent fertility. During pregnancy, modifications in the maternal hormonal system help maintain availability of nutrients to the fetus relatively independently of maternal nutrition. When maternal @entity942 reach critical levels, the effectiveness of these mechanisms in maintaining fetal nutrition decreases. Studies have confirmed the correlation of severe maternal @entity3147 and lowered birth weight, @entity16 , impaired physical growth, @entity1032 , and poor school performance. Marginal nutritional status affects milk production capacity. The basis of most recommendations for lactating mothers is that the average mother produces 850 ml of milk each day. Depending on the anticipatory reserves of fat from pregnancy still available and the level of physical activity of the mother, from 2750 to 3300 Kcal/day may be needed. When the mother's energy intake is good, milk fat resembles that of her dietary fat, but when there is a shortage of food energy, the milk @entity844 pattern resembles the mother's subcutaneous fat stores. The @entity1132 content and overall protein content of milk seem stable despite changes in the maternal diet, but the vitamin content, particularly water soluble vitamins, is very sensitive to dietary intake. Birth weight has consistently been found to be associated with @entity1 mortality through 2 main mechanisms: maternal @entity3147 may lead to a smaller placental size and decreased nutrient supply to the fetus, resulting in @entity851 during intrauterine life, or maternal @entity3147 may result in suboptimal lactation performance which will contribute to @entity3147 and @entity851 of the @entity1 . Maternal nutritional status has an independent effect on the duration of postpartum @entity2588 . Improving maternal diet without concurrently introducing contraception may shorten the birth interval and consequently elevate the birthrate.

title: Maternal nutrition, XXXX health, and subsequent fertility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental retardation', 'growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dietary deficiencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: Many therapeutic proteins require storage at room temperature for extended periods of time. This can lead to aggregation and loss of function. Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been shown to function as aggregation suppressors for a wide range of proteins. Their potency is often ascribed to their affinity for @entity9750 , whose surface exposure would otherwise lead to protein association. However, no detailed structural studies are available. Here we investigate the interactions between @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) and different CDs at low pH. Although hGH aggregates readily at pH 2.5 in 1 M @entity1219 to form amorphous aggregates, the presence of 25 to 50 mM of various @entity19987 derivatives is sufficient to completely avoid this. alpha- and gamma-CD are considerably less effective. Stopped-flow data on the aggregation reaction in the presence of @entity19987 are analyzed according to a minimalist association model to yield an apparent hGH- @entity19987 dissociation constant of approximately 6 mM. This value is very similar to that obtained by simple fluorescence-based titration of hGH with @entity19987 . Nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate that @entity19987 leads to a more unfolded conformation of hGH at low pH and predominantly binds to the aromatic side-chains. This indicates that @entity9750 are important components of regions of residual structure that may form nuclei for aggregation.

title: Structural basis for cyclodextrins' suppression of XXXX @entity2124 aggregation.

entities_list: @entity9750 :: ('CHEBI:33856', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amino acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of treatment with a portable device called Stimulo on range of motion, muscle strength and @entity508 in the ankle joint and its effect on walking ability, balance, activities of daily living (ADL) and health-related quality of life in @entity64 @entity1 . DESIGN: A randomized controlled pilot study. SETTING: A research centre. SUBJECTS: Ambulatory or partly ambulatory @entity64 @entity1 with remaining @entity508 and/or decreased range of motion in the hemiparetic leg/ankle. INTERVENTIONS: Standardized and individualized programme including active and passive range of motion of the ankle with a portable device (Stimulo), performed three times a week for 30 min, over a six-week period. MAIN MEASURES: Range of motion, muscle strength, @entity508 , gait variables, balance, ADL and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Eighteen subjects were included in the study with a mean age of 75 years. The compliance rate was 94-99%. There were no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION: The study showed no significant effect of an ankle-exercise intervention programme with Stimulo. Further studies with a larger sample size are of importance before any further conclusions can be drawn.

title: The effect of exercise of the affected foot in @entity64 XXXX --a randomized controlled pilot trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Study design. A case report and review of literatureObjective. We report on a @entity1 with @entity6234 following vigorous back massage on vacation.Summary of Background Data. @entity6234 is extremely rare and to our knowledge this is the first case reported following violent back massage. We want to emphasize on high index of suspicion for early recognition and treatment for a good neurological recovery.Methods. A 41-year-old male was brought to our hospital with @entity615 , motor and sensory impairments of the bilateral lower extremities and @entity1973 following vigorous back massage. MRI revealed an @entity6477 in the thoraco-lumbar region. After careful monitoring of his neurologic status, @entity1 was successfully managed with conservative treatment.Results. After two weeks of hospitalization, motor power was recovered completely with only minor sensory deficit. At a follow-up of more than 12 months, @entity1 has no residual @entity51 .Conclusions. Spinal subdural @entity1410 secondary to physical @entity130 is quite rare. This case brings new information that @entity6234 can be caused by violent massage.

title: Acute XXXX Following Vigorous Back Massage - A Case Report and Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6234 :: ('MESH:D046649', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic spinal subdural hematoma', 'Traumatic spinal subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['severe back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute spinal subdural hematoma']

answer: @entity6234 :: (MESH:D046649,Disease) :: ['Spinal Subdural Hematoma']


abstract: Operations were performed on 166 @entity1 for @entity420 , between 1970 and 1986, with resections being applied to 102 of them (6.1 per cent), including 87 curative approaches with complete @entity5 and no macroscopic evidence of @entity3 . Total gastrectomy with oesophagectomy was performed on 36 @entity1 and proximal oesophagogastrectomy on 66, in 43 of these via left thoracic incision. Regional lymph nodes were free of @entity5 in 29 @entity1 (28 per cent). The other approaches to proximal resection were thoracoabdominal in eight cases, abdominal in 13, and transmediastinal in two. Leakage of oesophageal @entity254 occurred in 19 cases and was followed by @entity295 and @entity204 in 13. Overall mortality during hospitalisation amounted to 22.5 per cent, including two @entity1 who died on the 30th postoperative day as a result of dehiscence and @entity295 . Mortality figures were 17 per cent following total gastrectomy and 19 per cent in the wake of proximal gastrectomy by thoracic incision. Mortality amounted to 48 per cent in the 23 cases on which abdominal, thoraco-abdominal, and transmediastinal operations had been performed. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine age, ECG, spread of lymph nodes, and surgical techniques as potential risk factors. Emphasis in the context of surgical techniques was laid on proximal versus total gastrectomy, incision on both sides of the diaphragm, palliative resection, and anastomotic suturing (using one-layer or two-layer techniques or mechanical staples). @entity5 spread to lymph nodes and proximal resection were the only independent variables associated with dehiscence. Electrocardiogram (ECG), lymph node involvement, and palliative resection proved to be of relevance to prognostication of lethality. No statistical correlations were found to exist between lethality, on the one hand, and surgical approach, age of @entity1 , incision on either side of the diaphragm or suturing, on the other. The conclusion was drawn that in cases of @entity189 total gastrectomy does not aggravate the risk of lethality, as compared to @entity418 resection.

title: [Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in resection of @entity5 of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'removal of tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cardia carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cardia']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['cardia']


abstract: Research addressing the in vivo effects of T cell activation by lipids, glycolipids, and lipopeptides is hampered by the absence of a suitable animal model. @entity19 and @entity35 do not express @entity59562 , @entity59563 , and CD1c molecules that present pathogen-derived lipid antigens in @entity1 . In @entity291 , two @entity59562 and three @entity59563 genes are transcribed. The proteins encoded by these genes differ in their antigen binding domains and in their cytoplasmic tails, suggesting that they may traffic differently in the cell and thus have access to different antigens. In the current study, we describe the genomic organization of the @entity291 CD1 locus and transcription of @entity291 CD1 genes in freshly isolated dendritic cells and B cells from different tissues. After determining the specificity of previously only partly characterized anti-CD1 antibodies by testing recombinant single chain @entity291 CD1 proteins and CD1-transfected cells, we were able to determine cell surface protein expression on freshly isolated cells. Our study suggests that CD1b1 and @entity59563 are more broadly expressed than @entity59564 , and CD1a2 is more broadly expressed than CD1a1. Pseudoafferent lymph dendritic cells express @entity59563 genes, but no transcription is detected in lymph nodes. Even though B cells transcribe @entity59563 genes, there is no evidence of protein expression at the cell surface. Thus, patterns of CD1 protein expression are largely conserved among species.

title: Expression patterns of XXXX CD1 in vivo and assessment of the specificities of the anti-bovine CD1 antibodies.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Recently developed culture systems that allow extended growth of normal @entity35 mammary epithelial (RME) cells were used to directly compare the proliferative potentials and @entity2140 requirements of primary normal and primary neoplastic @entity35 mammary cells. RME cells were obtained from 45- to 55-day-old inbred female Lew @entity35 and @entity35 mammary @entity5 (RMT) cells from @entity3653 - or @entity7045 -induced @entity189 . To compare the proliferative lifespan of RME and RMT cells, @entity7495 were determined after consecutive passages over a 70-day culture period. Whereas the proliferative potential of RME cells declined with time in culture, RMT cells from five separate @entity189 had @entity7495 that increased with serial passage. By the end of the 70-day culture period, @entity7495 for RMT cells were 100- to 1000-fold higher than those for RME cells. To compare the @entity2140 requirements for RME and RMT cells, a serum-free culture medium that supports RME cell growth was used and the influence of specific growth factors was examined by deletion experiments. Cells from 5 of 18 primary @entity189 exhibited requirements for insulin, epidermal @entity2140 , and @entity3081 toxin identical to those of RME cells. In contrast, cells from 9 of 18 @entity5 expressed independence of one, two, or all three of these factors for growth in serum-free culture. To examine the in vivo growth potential of primary RMT cells, samples of the cell suspensions used to initiate primary cultures were transplanted into the interscapular white fat pads of syngeneic female recipients. Transplantation of cells from @entity2140 dependent @entity5 yielded nonneoplastic mammary outgrowths. In contrast, transplantation of @entity2140 independent @entity5 cells yielded grossly visible @entity5 in 100% of the recipients within 4 weeks of transplantation. Thus, our results indicate that cells from all primary @entity189 have dramatically enhanced growth potential in long-term culture relative to RME cells. Furthermore, a subset of these @entity5 are also independent of growth factors required by RME cells, and expression of @entity2140 independence is associated with high neoplastic potential in vivo.

title: Importance of extended growth potential and @entity2140 independence on in vivo neoplastic potential of primary @entity35 mammary XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity7045 :: ('CHEBI:50102', 'Chemical') :: ['N-nitroso-methylurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7495 :: ('MESH:D017825', 'Disease') :: ['colony forming efficiencies']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity326 remains one of the leading causes of @entity204 in intensive care units. In recent years, there is general use of low to moderate doses of @entity288 in the treatment of @entity326 . However, there are wide variations in the practical modality of this treatment, mainly with regard to @entity1 ' selection, treatment's dose, timing, route of administration, duration, and weaning. This review provides opinion-based guidelines for the use of @entity288 in severe @entity295 and @entity326 . RECENT FINDINGS: A summary of the latest understanding of the mechanisms of action of @entity288 and the most recent observations in the clinical and biologic responses to @entity288 in severe @entity295 and @entity326 is presented. SUMMARY: In @entity326 , intravenous @entity701 should be started immediately after a 250 microg corticotropin test, at a dose of 200-300 mg per day. When @entity1887 is confirmed, treatment should be continued at full doses for 7 days. Otherwise, @entity701 should be stopped. It is worth considering adding enteral @entity7842 at a dose of 50 microg per day for 7 days. In severe @entity295 , despite growing evidence to support the use of a moderate dose of @entity288 , the efficacy and safety of this treatment needs to be assessed in a large-scale study.

title: Glucocorticoids in the treatment of severe XXXX and @entity326 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved survival after prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in @entity1 with reduced left ventricular @entity9568 ( @entity9568 ) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been demonstrated in @entity1 who experienced remote MIs in the 1990s. The absolute survival benefit conferred by this recommended strategy must be related to the current risk of @entity204 , which is evolving. This study evaluates the mortality rate in survivors of @entity583 with @entity1002 and its relation to pre-hospital discharge baseline characteristics. METHODS: The clinical records of @entity1 who had sustained an acute @entity583 between 1999 and 2000 and had been discharged from the hospital with an @entity9568 of < or = 40% were included. Baseline characteristics, drug prescriptions, and invasive procedures were recorded. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a primary end point of total mortality. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-five @entity1 were included. During a median follow-up period of 30 months (interquartile range, 22 to 36 months) 18 @entity1 died. The 1-year and 2-year mortality rates were 6.7% and 8.6%, respectively. Variables reflecting @entity453 and its management (ie, prior @entity583 , acute reperfusion, and complete revascularization) had a greater impact on mortality than variables reflecting mechanical dysfunction (ie, @entity9568 and Killip class). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate among survivors of MIs with reduced @entity9568 was substantially lower than that reported in the 1990s. The strong decrease in the arrhythmic risk implies a proportional increase in the number of @entity1 needed to treat with a prophylactic defibrillator to prevent one adverse event. The risk of an event may even be sufficiently low to limit the detectable benefit of defibrillators in @entity1 with the prognostic features identified in our study. This argues for additional risk stratification prior to the prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator.

title: Reduced @entity9568 after XXXX : is it sufficient to justify implantation of a defibrillator?

entities_list: @entity9568 :: ('MESH:D054160', 'Disease') :: ['ejection fraction', 'EF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between the presence of @entity12726 in the @entity2907 and adverse maternal and perinatal outcome in @entity1 with @entity3152 . METHODS: Amniocentesis was performed in 181 @entity1 with @entity3152 and intact membranes. @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and @entity9463 . @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the results of @entity6703 culture: those with negative @entity6703 (n=160), those with positive @entity6703 and in whom the only microbial isolate was @entity12726 (n=11), and those with positive cultures for non-ureaplasmas or mixed microorganisms (n=10). Survival techniques were used for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of positive @entity6703 in which the only microbial isolate was Uurealyticum was 6.1% (11 of 181), and of positive cultures with non-ureaplasmas or mixed microorganisms was 5.5% (10 of 181). The amniocentesis-to-delivery interval was significantly shorter in @entity1 with positive cultures limited to @entity12726 than in those with negative cultures (median 7 [range 0.1-149] hours versus median 264 [0.1-2659] hours, P < .001). @entity3152 within 48 hours, 72 hours, and 7 days was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity12726 in the @entity6703 than in those with sterile @entity6703 (48 hour: 91% versus 33%; 72 hour: 91% versus 36%; 7 days: 100% versus 45%, P < .001 for each). @entity1 with positive @entity6703 limited to @entity12726 had a significantly higher rate of adverse perinatal outcome than those with negative culture. Adverse outcomes included low gestational age at birth, low birth weight, histologic @entity5870 , significant neonatal morbidity, and perinatal @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Microbial invasion of the @entity2907 with @entity12726 is a risk factor for impending @entity3152 and adverse perinatal outcome.

title: Isolation of @entity12726 from the @entity2907 and adverse outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic cavity']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor', 'Preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic fluid', 'AF', 'AF cultures']

entities_list: @entity12726 :: ('2130', 'Species') :: ['Ureaplasma urealyticum', 'U urealyticum']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To describe outcomes and complications in @entity1 undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for @entity2012 using the 2010 consensus criteria for biochemical remission. METHODS: Retrospective review of 113 treatment na  ve @entity1 who underwent transsphenoidal surgery with the endoscopic (n=66) and the endonasal microscopic technique (n=47). Cure was defined if the age and sex-adjusted @entity442 level was normal and either the basal GH was <1ng/ml or the nadir GH was <0.4ng/ml following oral @entity413 suppression at last follow-up. RESULTS: The mean age at presentation was 38.1  7.1 years and 86% of @entity5 were macroadenomas. @entity652 sizes averaged 21.1  9.7mm, but 56% of all @entity5 were >= 2cm in size and 43.4% were invasive. Remission rates between endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery did not differ significantly overall (28.8% versus 36.2%). On univariate analysis, a preoperative GH level <40ng/ml, @entity652 size <20mm and non-invasiveness were predictors of remission at follow-up. Although there were no statistically significant differences in remission rates between the endoscopic and microsurgical groups, surgically induced @entity4614 was less frequent with the former. CONCLUSIONS: We report our surgical experience with predominantly large, invasive @entity652 using the 2010 criteria for cure. @entity1 with smaller, non-invasive @entity5 with lower preoperative GH levels are most likely to achieve remission. Outcomes with either the microscopic or endoscopic approach do not differ significantly, although the rate of surgically induced @entity4614 may be higher with the former. Transsphenoidal surgery remains the first line of treatment for @entity1 with @entity2012 , but invasive @entity652 will frequently require adjuvant therapy.

title: Endocrinological outcomes following endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in 113 XXXX with @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma', 'GH adenomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze features and outcomes of @entity1448 , @entity991 ( @entity991 ), and liver transplantation (LTx) in @entity1 with @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) between October 1987 and June 1999. STUDY DESIGN: Of 182 cases with @entity1222 , 36 had hepatic involvement and 12 of those presented with @entity1448 . These 12 were the focus of our study. Their median age was 23 months (range: 3-36). @entity382 or @entity828 was found in 11 of the 12; elevations of alkaline phosphatase, transaminases, @entity6811 ( @entity6811 ), and less frequently direct @entity648 were detected. Sonography, liver biopsy, and cholangiography were consistent with the diagnosis of @entity991 in 11 @entity1 . None of the biopsies revealed Langerhans cells (LC). Frequently associated lesions of skin, bone, and ear were noted. Early @entity1 were treated with @entity5713 / @entity229 for 8 weeks, later @entity1 with the @entity1222 I and @entity1222 II protocols of the Histiocyte Society (HS). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 28 months (range: 10-86). Three @entity1 improved and remained without signs of progressive @entity991 at 27, 32, and 86 months. Nine had progressive liver sequelae resistant to chemotherapy. Of these nine, five received LTx, three died before LTx with progressive @entity991 , and one awaits LTx. Three LTx @entity1 survive without disease reactivation 14, 25, and 37 months post-transplant. Two @entity1 died less than one month after LTx, due to @entity177 and @entity295 in the first @entity1 and @entity29 with perforation followed by @entity295 in the second one. CONCLUSIONS: @entity991 is a frequent and usually progressive sequela of multisystem @entity1222 in our institution. LTx has become the treatment of choice for the majority of @entity1 and should be considered early in cases with severe hepatic involvement.

title: @entity1448 , XXXX , and liver transplantation in @entity1222 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell Histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis', 'SC']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel volvulus']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6811 :: ('92086', 'Gene') :: ['GGT', 'gamma glutamyl transpeptidase']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: During normal growth of the @entity35 ulna, bone is resorbed from the medial periosteal surface. This occurs as part of the modeling process by which the bone achieves its adult shape. By attaching strain gauges to the ulnae of @entity35 in vivo, we measured the strains imposed on that surface of the bone during normal locomotion. We then applied mechanical loads to the ulnae of other @entity35 in vivo for 6 consecutive days, inducing strains approximately double those we had measured. Fluorochromes were given on the 1st and 5th days. The histology of the medial ulnar periosteal surface was correlated with the amount of fluorochrome incorporation and @entity62674 ( @entity62674 ) activity in serial sections. In the nonloaded ulnae, the surfaces were lined with bone resorbing cells. Corresponding areas of the loaded bones were lined with osteoid and osteoblasts. There was insignificant label incorporation in the nonloaded bones but almost continuous label incorporation in the corresponding regions of the loaded bones, which was significantly different from the nonloaded bones. @entity62674 activity of the periosteal cells in the loaded bones was significantly less than in the nonloaded limbs. It is widely acknowledged that loading induces bone formation, and this implies that it also has the ability to inhibit resorption. However, to date there has been little direct evidence for the inhibition of resorption in vivo by mechanical loading. The changes we have observed are similar to the sequence of cellular events that occur during the reversal phase of bone remodeling, in which osteoclastic resorption ceases and osteoblasts are recruited and begin formation. This model may help increase understanding of that process.

title: Inhibition of bone resorption and stimulation of formation by mechanical loading of the modeling XXXX ulna in vivo.

entities_list: @entity62674 :: ('25732(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tartrate resistant acid phosphatase', 'TRAP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity32 is a major etiological factor for @entity157 ( @entity157 ), but how immune cells respond in the @entity1613 remains uncharacterized. This study aims to investigate the response and roles of neutrophils in early hepatocarcinogenesis. METHODS: By inducible expression of oncogenic kras(V12) in hepatocytes in transgenic @entity3392 combined with live imaging of neutrophils in transparent larvae, the response of @entity409 was characterized and their roles investigated by pharmaceutical and genetic manipulations. RESULTS: We found a rapid recruitment of neutrophils to the liver upon induction of kras(V12) expression. Pharmaceutical stimulation of neutrophils resulted in further increases of neutrophils in oncogenic livers, liver size and @entity5 severity, while inhibition of neutrophils caused decreases of liver-associated neutrophils and liver size. Time-lapse video indicated that neutrophils had a stagnant migratory pattern meandering along the @entity5 edge but became relatively stationary upon entering the kras(V12)-expressing liver. Both oncogenic hepatocytes and @entity5 -associated neutrophils (TANs) were isolated via fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Molecular analyses indicated a pro-inflammatory microenvironment, as marked by increased @entity51769 expression in kras(V12)-expressing hepatocytes and a loss of anti- @entity5 activities in TANs. Depletion of Tgf-b significantly reduced the number of TANs and the size of oncogenic liver. CONCLUSIONS: An inflammatory cue from oncogenic hepatocytes upon induction of kras(V12) expression causes a rapid recruitment of @entity409 and the neutrophils play a promoting @entity8658 .

title: Stimulation of hepatocarcinogenesis by neutrophils upon induction of oncogenic kras expression in transgenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['role in early hepatocarcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophils to oncogenic liver']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: AIMS: To characterize the cause for the lack of conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) reductase (CLA-R) activity in the @entity8292 MDT-5 strain that rapidly isomerizes @entity4722 (LA) to CLA without hydrogenation, the CLA-R was purified and its gene (cla-r) sequence was determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: CLA-R was purified to near homogeneity as a 53-kDa monomeric protein from the high CLA-R activity-expressing strain MDT-10. The purified CLA-R recognized conjugated double bonds. Unsaturated @entity1718 containing 18 carbons markedly increased the CLA-R expression at the transcriptional level. Complete sequencing of the cla-r gene revealed that the CLA-R is a novel protein. Sequence analysis of the cla-r gene from the MDT-5 strain revealed that the MDT-5 CLA-R protein sequence differed from that of the MDT-10 at four consecutive @entity1522 . Northern and Western blotting analyses confirmed that the cla-r mRNA and protein are expressed normally in MDT-5. CONCLUSIONS: Strain MDT-5 expresses the CLA-R protein that lacks enzyme activity because of mutation, which explains why MDT-5 exclusively produces CLA from LA. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The cla-r gene was sequenced for the first time. Exogenous @entity1718 affected the cla-r transcription. These results will provide additional knowledge on biohydrogenation, and may also augment the CLA production in the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Purification and gene sequencing of conjugated XXXX reductase from a gastrointestinal bacterium, @entity8292 .

entities_list: @entity8292 :: ('831', 'Species') :: ['Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: Two experiments were run in a commercial dairy herd to test the efficacy of topical treatments of @entity11536 associated with severe @entity12673 . In Experiment I, topical treatments with solutions of either @entity3584 or @entity5385 were compared with foot trimming and cleansing alone. After trimming of all feet, one front and one rear foot in each @entity291 were treated with either @entity3584 or @entity5385 (regardless of @entity1909 status), while the other feet were used as controls and only trimmed. Two hundred foot records were obtained from 34 Swedish Red and White and 16 Swedish Holstein @entity291 . The proportions (p) of feet cured from @entity11536 were compared between each group of medically treated feet and the control feet, assuming the feet to be independent observations with respect to curing. @entity5385 was significantly more effective than hoof trimming alone (p=0.87 and 0.34, respectively; P<0.001) and than @entity3584 (p=0.41; P=0.004). Treatment with @entity3584 was no more effective than hoof trimming alone. In Experiment II, a specially designed footbath with two longitudinal compartments was used to study the effectiveness of a solution of acidic ionised @entity920 in preventing or curing @entity11536 . The footbath--using water in one compartment--was constructed to make within- @entity291 comparisons of treatment efficacy possible. The hoof health of 44 dairy @entity291 (also included in Experiment I) were studied when the animals first were turned out to pasture and at the end of the grazing season (approximately 6 months later). During the grazing season, the @entity291 were walked through the footbath twice daily after milking for a total of 47 days, divided into five separate periods ranging in length from 3 to 16 days. As judged by a two-sample comparison of proportions, a higher proportion of the @entity291 ' hind feet that were affected by @entity1909 were cured by the @entity920 solution (20/24) than by water alone (12/23). The @entity920 solution had no significant preventive effect on healthy feet.

title: Topical treatment of @entity11536 associated with severe XXXX in a Swedish dairy herd.

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['digital dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity12673 :: ('MESH:C563167', 'Disease') :: ['heel-horn erosion']

entities_list: @entity5385 :: ('MESH:D010118', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytetracycline', 'Oxytetracycline']

answer: @entity12673 :: (MESH:C563167,Disease) :: ['heel-horn erosion']


abstract: As soon as the use of @entity3639 was started for the treatment of @entity378 , its @entity2167 effect was discovered. Initial reports demonstrated that @entity3639 was successful in reducing vestibular responses while preserving cochlear activity. @entity3639 has been used for almost half a century for the treatment of vertigo in @entity1 with @entity9303 . At the Gruppo Otologico, Piacenza, Italy, between 1987 and 1995 we treated 16 @entity1 with either bilateral @entity9303 or with @entity9303 in their only hearing ear, adopting the titration @entity3639 therapy protocol of Graham et al. Three @entity1 with follow-up periods of less than 2 years were not included in this study. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 36 to 64 years with a mean of 49.2 years. The @entity1 were observed for 2 to 8.8 years. The dose of administered @entity3639 varied from 14 to 49 gm. Episodic vertigo was totally relieved in all of the @entity1 after initial treatment, whereas hearing remained the same or was improved when compared with the pretreatment levels. Five of the @entity1 experienced recurring vertigo during a period of 4 to 24 months after initial treatment. Oscillopsia persisted in two @entity1 and @entity2055 in @entity400 persisted in another two @entity1 . Hearing was unchanged in 14 ears, improved in 2 ears, and worsened in 4 ears at the last follow-up evaluation. The overall outcome indicated that intramuscular titration @entity3639 therapy seems to be one of the most important therapeutic options in the treatment of disabling vertigo in @entity1 with either bilateral @entity9303 or @entity9303 in an only hearing ear.

title: Titration @entity3639 therapy in XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['Streptomycin sulfate', 'streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['darkness']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is uncertain whether extensive @entity1486 (PSA) testing and extended biopsies currently performed will increase the incidence of no @entity5 on subsequent prostatectomy. OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of cases with no @entity5 on prostatectomy after a positive 10-core biopsy and to review the clinical, biopsy, and prostatectomy findings and the results of specimen identity analysis. DESIGN: We identified 9 @entity1 with no @entity5 in 1351 consecutive prostatectomies and we reviewed the clinical, biopsy, and prostatectomy data from our institutional database. In 6 cases encountered after 2003, we also performed a polymerase chain reaction-based microsatellite analysis on @entity406 -fixed tissue to confirm the identity of the biopsies and prostatectomies. RESULTS: All @entity1 had positive biopsies in 1 or 2 cores: 1 in 7 and 2 in 2 @entity1 (1 each, unilateral and bilateral). Mean @entity5 length on biopsy measured 2.5 mm, which represented 1.7% of the total biopsy tissue. Gleason score 6 was found in 8 of 9 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 had Gleason score 9. @entity1 ' age was 60.3 years, preoperative PSA was 6.0 ng/mL, and PSA density was 0.1 (all means). In 6 cases tested for microsatellite identity, the @entity1 identity was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of no @entity5 on prostatectomy of 0.67% after 10-core positive biopsy is higher than previously reported. In most cases, finding no @entity5 on prostatectomy after exhaustive work-up may indicate minimal @entity1 disease. Microsatellite analysis provides a useful and cost-effective test in establishing specimen identity.

title: No XXXX on radical prostatectomy after positive 10-core biopsy: incidence, biopsy findings, and DNA specimen identity analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['total cancer', 'residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['residual cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short and long-term results of surgical treatment of calcifying chronic @entity788 in our center. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 55 consecutive @entity1 operated on for chronic calcifying @entity788 during a period of 12 years. The mean follow-up period was 6.2 years. Main outcome measures were operative mortality and morbidity, degree of @entity158 control, @entity6 onset, survival, and causes of @entity204 . RESULTS: The etiology was alcoholic in 48 @entity1 and idiopathic in seven @entity1 . A resection was performed in 78% of cases and a by-pass procedure was performed in 22%. Operative mortality was 3.6%; morbidity was 21.8%. @entity420 was found in 3.6% of cases. The @entity167 withdrawal rate was 78%. @entity158 control was achieved in 71.4% of the @entity1 . Among @entity6 , @entity82 , type of surgery, smoking and @entity167 abuse history, only @entity167 withdrawal was associated with @entity158 control (p < 0.03). A late reintervention was needed in only one @entity1 in the by-pass group. Five and 10-year survival rates for the entire population were 80% and 61%, respectively. Among @entity167 , @entity82 , @entity6 , and type of surgery, only the former was associated with survival (p < 0.003). Five-year actuarial survival was 55.6% for @entity1 who continued drinking compared with 86.3% for ex-alcoholics. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection should be performed when required by the anatomical conditions because it was associated with good long-term @entity158 control and low postoperative and late morbidity. @entity167 withdrawal has a key role for effective control of @entity158 and prolonged survival.

title: Outcome of surgical treatment for chronic calcifying XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Complete pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['A ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognosis of @entity4858 with no light perception post vitrectomy, and to analyze the risk factors influencing the final results. METHODS: Five hundred and ninety nine mechanically injured eyes in 577 @entity1 undergone vitrectomy were registered from 1999 - 2004. Thirty-eight eyes in this group showed no light perception in initial visual examination. Thirty-two eyes (84.2%) had @entity542 , the other 6 eyes (15.8%) had @entity130 . Excluded the enucleated eyes, the others were followed up for at least 6 months, averaged 7.2 months. All registered data were filled in predesigned forms. Each parameter was evaluated strictly according to the standards of the protocol. The risk factors of poor prognosis and traumatic no light perception were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (36.8%) achieved anatomic and functional success. Three eyes (7.9%) attained anatomic success. Nine eyes (23.7%) were enucleated. @entity8814 occurred in 4 eyes. Seven eyes were maintained by silicone oil. @entity194 occurred in 1 eye. @entity735 (55.3%) achieved a final visual acuity of light perception or better, including: 0.2 in 3 eyes, 0.02 in 2 eyes, count finger in 3 eyes, hand move in 3 eyes, light perception in 10 eyes. Eight eyes (21.1%) remained no light perception. The logistic regression analysis identified the significant risk factors predictive of poor prognosis, including traumatic no light perception, presence of a @entity2300 ( @entity2300 ), @entity548 ( @entity548 ), @entity1713 with closed-funnel, @entity130 , preoperative @entity1539 and @entity6716 , extrusion of crystalline lens, length of scleral wound greater than 10 mm and @entity130 . These factors were also the risk factors of traumatic no light perception, excluded traumatic no light perception, @entity1539 and @entity6716 . More than one risk factor usually co-exists in each eye. CONCLUSIONS: The eyes with traumatic no light perception have poor prognosis. However, 45% of them can achieve functional and anatomic success undergone vitrectomy. Eyes with no light perception are related to the combination of various risk factors. @entity548 , severe @entity989 and extensive @entity130 are the main risk factors for poor prognosis.

title: [Prognosis of XXXX with no light perception undergone vitrectomy and analysis of risk factors].

entities_list: @entity1539 :: ('MESH:D007499', 'Disease') :: ['prolapse of iris', 'atrophy of eyeball, prolapse of iris']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['MSCH', 'massive suprachoroid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['panretinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic eyes']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['Twenty-one eyes']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophy of eyeball']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal injury']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['RAPD', 'relative afferent pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['closed-globe injury', 'ciliary body injury', 'ruptured injury']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['traumatic eyes']


abstract: A new approach for the pathogenesis and treatment of recurrent @entity793 is presented. Ten @entity1 with recurrent @entity793 were studied. Episodes started 3-8 years prior to presentation. Different antimicrobial therapy and surgical procedures had no influence on the recurrence of @entity281 . Urinary tract investigations were normal except for @entity1494 and urethral congestion in all @entity1 . Urine cultures identified @entity526 in all episodes of each individual and were identical to those of anal flora. All @entity1 had @entity6713 and 3 had @entity102 . An etiological concept for recurrent @entity793 is put forward. @entity6713 are considered to be the source of recurrent @entity281 , the @entity526 being transmitted to the genitourinary organs through the rectogenital veins. Treatment of @entity6713 and rectogenital vein obliteration resulted in the disappearance of bacteriuric episodes during a follow up period of 1.5-6 years. Urine cultures remained free. @entity102 is cured.

title: Role of @entity6713 in the pathogenesis of recurrent XXXX with a new approach for treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic cervicitis', 'chronic cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'Hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['bacteriuria']


abstract: Chemotherapy has recently achieved a major role in the primary management of @entity995 . @entity5 reduction by first-line chemotherapy (chemoreduction) followed by local treatments is now accepted as treatment strategy for @entity995 with the goal of avoiding external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or enucleation. Although efficient in reducing @entity5 volume, chemotherapy cannot cure @entity995 . Different chemoreduction protocols are used to shrink the @entity5 , making it treatable with cryotherapy, laser photocoagulation, thermotherapy, and plaque radiotherapy. Systemic chemotherapy used with local ophthalmic therapies during or after the chemotherapy can eliminate the need for enucleation or external beam radiotherapy in Reese-Ellsworth group 1, 2, or 3 @entity995 . This combination is not sufficient to obtain @entity5 control in most eyes with large @entity5 and diffuse vitreous and subretinal seeds (Reese-Ellsworth group 4 and 5 @entity5 ), and EBRT or enucleation is eventually required. The resultant visual acuity after globe-conserving therapies in those eyes with Reese-Ellsworth group 4 and 5 @entity5 is often poor. Preliminary results of a phase I/II study of subconjunctival @entity3003 injection are encouraging. Enucleation is still recommended in situations such as eyes containing large @entity5 , @entity1713 , @entity2297 , @entity5 seeding, anterior chamber involvement or choroid, optic nerve or @entity5 extension, and no expectation for useful vision. Chemoprophylaxis is necessary for @entity1 with @entity5 extending to the surgical margin of the optic nerve and is likely beneficial in preventing @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 extending beyond the lamina cribrosa. Intensified chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue appears effective for @entity1 with metastatic @entity995 .

title: Current treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pars plana tumor', 'orbital tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['long standing retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Abnormal mesolimbic control of cortical cholinergic activity has been hypothesized to contribute to the cognitive symptoms of @entity161 . Stimulation of @entity143 receptors in nucleus accumbens (NAC) increases @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release in prefrontal cortex (PFC), an activation thought to contribute to attentional processing. Thus, the effects of intra-NAC perfusion of @entity143 (250-400 microM) on @entity1617 release in PFC were determined in @entity35 receiving lesions of the ventral hippocampus (VH) as neonates (nVHLX), a neurodevelopmental model of @entity161 , or as adults (aVHLX). @entity143 elevated @entity1617 release (100-150% above baseline) in adults sham-lesioned as neonates or in aVHLX @entity35 . Adult nVHLX were unresponsive to NAC @entity143 receptor stimulation. The inability of nVHLX to respond to @entity143 emerged over development as a separate experiment demonstrated that evoked @entity1617 release was normal before puberty (100-150% increase) yet, in these same nVHLX animals, absent after puberty. @entity4944 -evoked @entity1617 release was assessed in nVHLX animals to exclude potential limitations in release capacity. @entity4944 produced greater increases in @entity1617 release than in shams, indicating that nVHLX does not impair the capacity of cholinergic neurons to release @entity1617 . Finally, the ability of 13 days of pretreatment with @entity1088 (1.25 mg/kg/day) to reinstate @entity143 -evoked cortical @entity1617 efflux was determined. @entity1088 treatment normalized @entity143 -evoked @entity1617 release in nVHLX animals. These experiments show that mesolimbic regulation of cortical @entity1617 release is disrupted in postpubertal nVHLX @entity35 and normalized by low-dose treatment of @entity1088 ; supporting the usefulness of nVHLX animals for research on the neuronal mechanisms underlying the cognitive symptoms of @entity161 .

title: Disruption of mesolimbic regulation of prefrontal cholinergic transmission in an animal model of @entity161 and normalization by chronic XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1088 :: (MESH:D003024,Chemical) :: ['clozapine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity788 is most often diagnosed too late for curative resection. Operative therapy, therefore, involves relief of @entity253 and relief or prevention of @entity1084 . Previous studies show that gastrojejunostomy done either therapeutically or prophylactically often causes delayed @entity356 . OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of antrectomy with @entity1605 ( @entity4003 ) as the palliative operation for @entity1084 . SUBJECTS: Fifty @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 underwent @entity4003 without vagotomy from 1987 through 1993. Of these @entity1 , 42 underwent simultaneous biliary bypass; six had undergone biliary bypass from 3 weeks to 34 months previously; and two with @entity5 originating in the uncinate process had no biliary bypass. RESULTS: One 87-year-old @entity1 died on day 12 of @entity2629 and @entity338 . The other 49 @entity1 were discharged tolerating an oral diet an average of 11.3 days (range, 5 to 29 days) after @entity4003 . The length of stay following @entity4003 was not related to the extent of disease or to preoperative @entity353 but was increased in older @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The @entity4003 is a safe and effective bypass in @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 .

title: Antrectomy. A safe and effective bypass for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Billroth II reconstruction']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser treatment for @entity6 is often associated with @entity227 and other ocular side-effects. Our aim was to assess whether long-term lipid-lowering therapy with @entity3724 could reduce the progression of @entity989 and the need for laser treatment in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: The @entity3724 Intervention and Event Lowering in @entity6 (FIELD) study was a multinational randomised trial of 9795 @entity1 aged 50-75 years with @entity6 . Eligible @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity3724 200 mg/day (n=4895) or matching placebo (n=4900). At each clinic visit, information concerning laser treatment for @entity6 -a prespecified tertiary endpoint of the main study-was gathered. Adjudication by ophthalmologists masked to treatment allocation defined instances of laser treatment for @entity4 , @entity989 , or other eye conditions. In a substudy of 1012 @entity1 , standardised retinal photography was done and photographs graded with Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) criteria to determine the cumulative incidence of @entity6 and its component lesions. Analyses were by intention to treat. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN64783481. FINDINGS: Laser treatment was needed more frequently in @entity1 with poorer glycaemic or blood pressure control than in those with good control of these factors, and in those with a greater burden of clinical microvascular disease, but the need for such treatment was not affected by plasma lipid concentrations. The requirement for first laser treatment for all @entity989 was significantly lower in the @entity3724 group than in the placebo group (164 [3.4%] @entity1 on @entity3724 vs 238 [4.9%] on placebo; hazard ratio [HR] 0.69, 95% CI 0.56-0.84; p=0.0002; absolute risk reduction 1.5% [0.7-2.3]). In the ophthalmology substudy, the primary endpoint of 2-step progression of @entity989 grade did not differ significantly between the two groups overall (46 [9.6%] @entity1 on @entity3724 vs 57 [12.3%] on placebo; p=0.19) or in the subset of @entity1 without pre-existing @entity989 (43 [11.4%] vs 43 [11.7%]; p=0.87). By contrast, in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity989 , significantly fewer @entity1 on @entity3724 had a 2-step progression than did those on placebo (three [3.1%] @entity1 vs 14 [14.6%]; p=0.004). An exploratory composite endpoint of 2-step progression of @entity989 grade, @entity4 , or laser treatments was significantly lower in the @entity3724 group than in the placebo group (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47-0.94; p=0.022). INTERPRETATION: Treatment with @entity3724 in individuals with @entity6 reduces the need for laser treatment for @entity6 , although the mechanism of this effect does not seem to be related to plasma concentrations of lipids.

title: Effect of @entity3724 on the need for laser treatment for XXXX (FIELD study): a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate', 'Fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field reduction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetic Retinopathy', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['macular oedema']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: @entity5880 of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is one of the complications associated with @entity884 . However, there are no previous case reports in the literature describing mycotic @entity438 after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. We describe the case of a 31-year-old male diagnosed with @entity712 due to @entity384 who underwent LVAD implantation for bridge to heart transplantation. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity1 was maintained on anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. There were no signs of pump failure or device-related @entity281 . However, 7 months post-LVAD support, the @entity1 complained of abdominal symptoms ( @entity1209 ) with low-grade fever. Computed tomography identified an aneurysmal change of the @entity6029 (2.2   1.8 cm). There was no evidence of @entity715 or septic vegetation inside the heart. @entity439 and segmental small bowel resection was performed. Pathological study revealed typical findings of @entity5880 with significant infiltration of inflammatory cells. The @entity1 , however, expired due to concurrent @entity932 . Postmortem study indicated no sign of pump @entity715 or @entity999 inside the pump or inflow/outflow conduit. This case report presents a rare @entity5880 that developed in the @entity6029 after chronic LVAD support.

title: Superior mesenteric @entity5880 in XXXX with left ventricular assist device support and intravenous drug abuse.

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic aneurysm', 'mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['septic emboli']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['SMA aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine which specific factors influence the improvements in function and @entity158 at the first year following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2013, @entity1 who had arthroscopic partial meniscectomy were included (n  =  201) and followed prospectively before surgery and at 12  months. Multivariable stepwise analysis included preoperative variables (age, gender, limb side, height, weight, body mass index, comorbidities, smoking, Tegner activity scale, Lysholm knee score, preceding @entity130 ) and arthroscopic findings (degree of @entity1844 , medial or lateral meniscus involvement, type of @entity937 and concomitant cruciate tear). The Lysholm clinical score at the last follow-up and the time interval for substantial @entity158 relief was modelled as a function of the above predictor variables. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the mean Lysholm score improved by 14.6 points (95  % CI 10.4-18.8, P  <  0.001), from 68.0      16.1 to 82.6      19.6 points and 153 (76  %) @entity1 declared they were satisfied to have had the operation. The mean time interval for substantial @entity158 relief was 3.5      1.5  months. Females and @entity1 with lower preoperative Lysholm score were correlated with lower post-operative Lysholm score, while females and @entity1 with lateral meniscal tears (compared to medial meniscal tears) were correlated with longer recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy improved @entity158 and function at the first year post-operatively. Female gender, lateral @entity937 and less favourable preoperative function were relatively correlated to worse post-operative function and longer rehabilitation time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Which XXXX are less likely to improve during the first year after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy? A multivariate analysis of 201 @entity1 with prospective follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage lesions']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tear']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and duration of preoperative symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Microspectrophotometric examination of the retina of a procellariiform marine bird, the wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus, revealed the presence of five different types of @entity904 (1)-based visual pigment in seven different types of photoreceptor. A single class of rod contained a medium-wavelength sensitive visual pigment with a wavelength of maximum absorbance (lambda(max)) at 502 nm. Four different types of single cone contained @entity227 maximally sensitive in either the violet (VS, lambda(max) 406 nm), short ( @entity1807 , lambda(max) 450 nm), medium ( @entity2323 , lambda(max) 503 nm) or long (LWS, lambda(max) 566 nm) spectral ranges. In the peripheral retina, the @entity1807 , @entity2323 and LWS single cones contained pigmented oil droplets in their inner segments with cut-off wavelengths (lambda(cut)) at 445 (C-type), 506 (Y-type) and 562 nm (R-type), respectively. The VS visual pigment was paired with a transparent (T-type) oil droplet that displayed no significant absorption above at least 370 nm. Both the principal and accessory members of the double cone pair contained the same 566 nm lambda(max) visual pigment as the LWS single cones but only the principal member contained an oil droplet, which had a lambda(cut) at 413 nm. The retina had a horizontal band or 'visual streak' of increased photoreceptor density running across the retina approximately 1.5 mm dorsal to the top of the pecten. Cones in the centre of the horizontal streak were smaller and had oil droplets that were either transparent/colourless or much less pigmented than at the periphery. It is proposed that the reduction in cone oil droplet pigmentation in retinal areas associated with high visual acuity is an adaptation to compensate for the reduced photon capture ability of the narrower photoreceptors found there. Measurements of the spectral transmittance of the ocular media reveal that wavelengths down to at least 300 nm would be transmitted to the retina.

title: XXXX and oil droplets in a marine bird, the wedge-tailed shearwater Puffinus pacificus: topographic variations in photoreceptor spectral characteristics.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual pigments']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Microspectrophotometry of visual pigments']


abstract: Mucoadhesive nanosuspension of @entity2177 was designed in order to improve the solubility, bioavailability and efficacy for the treatment of @entity1682 . The identity and purity of drug was established. The compatibility of drug with various excipients was ascertained by FTIR techniques, which indicated no interaction between the drug and excipients. Four different formulations were prepared by optimizing various parameters using different polymers like soya lecithin, pluronic F68, @entity4832 , and @entity4280 K30. Particle size and polydispersity index were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy. Average particle size of different formulations was found to be between 503-1844 nm. The zeta potential of all formulations was found to be around +/- 20 My indicating satisfactory physical stability. Scanning electron microscopy showed that process parameters affect the crystal morphology. The promising formulations prepared from combination of soya lecithin and pluronic F68 and those based on soya lecithin alone were subjected to dissolution profile studies. The later formulation exhibited fast dissolution rate as compared to the former. Thus nanosus-pension based on soya lecithin was incorporated into hydrogels prepared using different grades of @entity16313 934 and 971 as mucoadhesive polymers. After 10 h, mucoadhesive nanosuspensions showed 45-56% release. The developed mucoadhesive nanosuspensions exhibited satisfactory physical stability. The studies indicated potential of these formulations as novel gastroretentive systems.

title: Development and characterization of mucoadhesive nanosuspension of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['ciprofloxacin']


abstract: Passenger leukocytes have been suggested to be both pro-tolerant and immunogenic. The opportunity to evaluate the role of allogeneic passenger leukocytes in @entity1 was presented by a 47-year-old @entity1 who donated bone marrow to his HLA-identical @entity1778 sister. Eleven years later he developed @entity177 . The sister's marrow was noted to be 100% XY karyotype and free of @entity5 . She donated a kidney to her brother. Immunosuppression was tapered following transplantation. After 6 months, the recipient was on monotherapy @entity3446 , 1 mg every third day. A surveillance biopsy was normal and @entity3446 was stopped. Eight weeks later, he presented with severe rejection that reversed with Thymoglobulin. Renal function returned to baseline and has been stable on conventional immunosuppression.

title: XXXX renal allograft rejection despite the absence of allogeneic passenger leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Therapeutic strategies for @entity5493 of the papilla of Vater remain controversial. This study evaluates the accuracy of preoperative histopathologic diagnosis and the impact of the grade of @entity1141 on recurrence as well as on potential alteration of the surgical approach. A series of 32 @entity1 with an @entity652 of @entity1829 who underwent local resection or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy between January 1990 and August 2000 were reviewed retrospectively. Multiple endoscopic biopsies had been performed preoperatively. The histopathology of the preoperatively obtained biopsy specimens and subsequent surgical specimens were evaluated for grade of @entity1141 by two pathologists and correlated with the clinical course after operative treatment. Altogether, 3 of 11 @entity1 (27%) with a low-grade (LG) @entity652 and 6 of 21 @entity1 (29%) with a high-grade (HG) @entity652 in the initial endoscopic biopsy specimens exhibited @entity189 at the postoperative histologic examination (NS). Recurrence was not observed in the 6 @entity1 from the LG @entity652 group following local resection and benign postoperative histology. In contrast, recurrence of @entity5493 was discovered in 2 of 12 @entity1 (17%) and development of @entity189 in 5 of 12 @entity1 (42%) from the preoperative @entity1893 group (p <0.05). The overall risk of @entity189 after primary diagnosis of an @entity652 was 44% (14/32). @entity652 of Vater including @entity1893 appears to be associated with a high risk of exhibiting @entity189 postoperatively and a high rate of recurrence. Therefore pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy should be offered to @entity1 with an @entity652 .

title: Impact of grade of @entity1141 in @entity5493 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ["Vater's papilla"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HG dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['HG dysplasia adenoma', 'dysplasia adenoma', 'adenoma', 'Adenoma of the papilla']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['Vater's papilla']


abstract: The seasonal occurrence and habitat of two parasitic copepods, Peniculus minuticaudae (Shiino, 1956) and Peniculus truncatus (Shiino, 1956) (Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae) infecting the fins of @entity61493 @entity61493 and @entity61494 @entity61494 , respectively were investigated. The fishes were collected from Tongyeong marine living resources research and conservation center, southern coast of Korea as five per month for two years from July 2011 to June 2013. In total, 391 copepods of P. minuticaudae were collected in two years, in contrast to P. truncatus. Prevalence was 85%, mean intensity was 3.25, and maximum intensity was 33. Season wise, the @entity277 was observed as the highest in autumn (September-November) season, and the lowest in winter (December- February). It was infested only on fins of @entity61493 . Abundance of P. minuticaudae was found on the pectoral fin (43.5%), followed by anal (22.5%), second dorsal (20.5%) and caudal fins (13.5%). Statistically significant interactions were observed between season, @entity277 and infected regions (P<0.001). It is also reported for the first time in Korea from the fins of wild threadsail filefish @entity61495 from Busan, Jeju, Tongyeong and Yeosu fish markets. It can be a new record on its host and localities. A total of 51 P. truncatus were collected with the prevalence of 37.5%, mean intensity of 0.37 and maximum intensity of 6. Season wise, @entity277 was observed as the highest in summer (June-August), and the lowest in winter. Attachment site was the dorsal fin and not found from any other fins of rockfish. Statistically significant interaction was observed between season and @entity277 (P<0.05). This is the first report on the ecology of these two pennellids.

title: Seasonal occurrence and habitat of two pennellids (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) infecting marine ranched @entity61493 and XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity61494 :: ('214486', 'Species') :: ['Sebastes schlegelii', 'Korean rockfish']

entities_list: @entity61493 :: ('325629', 'Species') :: ['black scrapers', 'Thamnaconus modestus', 'black scraper']

entities_list: @entity61495 :: ('143348', 'Species') :: ['Stephanolepis cirrhifer']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestation']

answer: @entity61494 :: (214486,Species) :: ['Korean rockfish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is highly prevalent and causes considerable suffering and disease burden despite the existence of wide-ranging treatment options. Mobile phone @entity467 offer the potential to help close this treatment gap by confronting key barriers to accessing support for @entity308 . OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to identify and characterize the different types of mobile phone @entity308 @entity467 available in the marketplace. METHODS: A search for @entity308 @entity467 was conducted on the app stores of the five major mobile phone platforms: Android, iPhone, BlackBerry, Nokia, and Windows. @entity467 were included if they focused on @entity308 and were available to @entity1 who self-identify as having @entity308 . Data were extracted from the app descriptions found in the app stores. RESULTS: Of the 1054 @entity467 identified by the search strategy, nearly one-quarter (23.0%, 243/1054) unique @entity308 @entity467 met the inclusion criteria. Over one-quarter (27.7%, 210/758) of the excluded @entity467 failed to mention @entity308 in the title or description. Two-thirds of the @entity467 had as their main purpose providing therapeutic treatment (33.7%, 82/243) or psychoeducation (32.1%, 78/243). The other main purpose categories were medical assessment (16.9%, 41/243), symptom management (8.2%, 20/243), and supportive resources (1.6%, 4/243). A majority of the @entity467 failed to sufficiently describe their organizational affiliation (65.0%, 158/243) and content source (61.7%, 150/243). There was a significant relationship (  (2) 5=50.5, P<.001) between the main purpose of the app and the reporting of content source, with most medical assessment @entity467 reporting their content source (80.5%, 33/41). A fifth of the @entity467 featured an e-book (20.6%, 50/243), audio therapy (16.9%, 41/243), or screening (16.9%, 41/243) function. Most @entity467 had a dynamic user interface (72.4%, 176/243) and used text as the main type of media (51.9%, 126/243), and over a third (14.4%, 35/243) incorporated more than one form of media. CONCLUSION: Without guidance, finding an appropriate @entity308 app may be challenging, as the search results yielded non- @entity308 -specific @entity467 to @entity308 @entity467 at a 3:1 ratio. Inadequate reporting of organization affiliation and content source increases the difficulty of assessing the credibility and reliability of the app. While certification and vetting initiatives are underway, this study demonstrates the need for standardized reporting in app stores to help consumers select appropriate tools, particularly among those classified as medical devices.

title: Finding a @entity308 App: A Review and Content Analysis of the XXXX App Marketplace.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sustained contraction of @entity1 corporeal smooth muscle depends on continuous transmembrane @entity460 flux through voltage gated @entity460 channels. K channels modulate corporeal smooth muscle membrane potential and, thus, ultimately affect transmembrane @entity460 flux. Therefore, we characterized relaxation responses elicited by the K channel modulators @entity1706 and levcromakalim on isolated @entity1 corporeal tissue strips. We also evaluated the possibility that there may be alterations in @entity855 sensitive K channel pharmacology/function related to the presence of @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 215 isolated @entity1 corporeal tissue strips obtained from 57 male @entity1 with @entity323 were investigated. Cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed at half log increments for steady state relaxation responses elicited by @entity1706 and levcromakalim on equivalently @entity2647 pre-contracted (to approximately 75% of maximum) isolated corporeal tissue strips. @entity972 currents were measured using the cell attached whole cell patch clamp technique on freshly isolated corporeal smooth muscle cells. RESULTS: A concentration dependent, @entity5217 sensitive relaxation response of @entity2647 pre-contracted corporeal tissue strips was observed for @entity1706 and levcromakalim. Consistent with such observations, electrophysiological recordings on freshly isolated myocytes revealed that @entity1706 (10 microM.) and levcromakalim (10 microM.) induced whole cell @entity972 currents that were blocked by @entity5217 (10 microM.). In addition, statistical analysis revealed that @entity2647 pre-contracted corporeal tissue strips from @entity1 without @entity6 were more sensitive to relaxation by both compounds than corporeal tissue strips excised from those with @entity6 . Furthermore, relaxation responses elicited by @entity1706 and levcromakalim were not affected by @entity9443 or @entity973 but were completely reversed by @entity4338 or @entity5128 . CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the @entity855 sensitive K channel subtype is likely to have an important role in the relaxation of isolated corporeal tissue strips and, moreover, they are the molecular target for the K channel modulators/openers levcromakalim and @entity1706 . Such observations are consistent with the supposition that alterations in the structure/function/activity of these @entity972 channels may underlie at least some aspects of observed @entity6 related differences in tissue sensitivity to K channel modulators.

title: @entity972 channels and @entity1 corporeal smooth muscle cell tone: XXXX and relaxation of @entity1 corpus cavernosum smooth muscle by @entity855 sensitive @entity972 channel openers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['organic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity9443 :: ('MESH:D018999', 'Chemical') :: ['charybdotoxin']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1706 :: ('MESH:D020110', 'Chemical') :: ['pinacidil']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity4148 in @entity1 with @entity6 is associated with increased incidence of @entity455 and increased mortality. The character of such process is not clear yet and the question if the damage to autonomic nerves equally involves particular organs and systems is open. The aim of the study was to assess the concordance of @entity16 with @entity6 in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . The study involved 42 subjects with @entity6 (age 36.7 +/- 8.3 years; duration of the disease 14.8 +/- 33 years). Gastric emptying of solid food was assessed scintigraphically. T1/2 max and residual isotope activity (expressed as the percentage of initial value) at 45th minute of the study were estimated. Autonomic @entity16 was assessed based on the Ewing battery tests results. RESULTS: 11 of all subjects (group A) showed normal or increased gastric emptying of solid foods (T1/2 max 36.6 +/- 9.3 min, residual activity 39.6 +/- 12.1%) and 31 remaining subjects (group B) demonstrated @entity356 (T1/2 max 89.2 +/- 11.4 min, residual activity 74.6 +/- 5.2%), which was regarded as @entity6 . 31 (74%) of all subjects were diagnosed with @entity16 , 18 of them (43%) showed @entity4148 and remaining 13 (31%) presented decided @entity16 . In group A2 (18%) subjects were diagnosed with early and 5 subjects (45%) with decided @entity16 . In group B early and decided @entity4148 was present in 16 (51%) and 8 (26%) subjects. No statistically important difference between both groups was found. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support the thesis of a disseminated nature of the @entity4148 and of not concomitant involvement of autonomic nervous system in particular organs and systems of the @entity1 body.

title: [Co-occurrence of XXXX and cardiovascular vegetative neuropathy in @entity1 with diabetes type 1. ].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular events']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic gastropathy', 'diabetic gastropathy symptom']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-vascular neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['early autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic neuropathy', 'diabetic autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['delayed gastric emptying']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic gastropathy']


abstract: Recurrence of @entity263 following radical prostatectomy is determined by the extent of @entity66 . @entity5 volume and grade have improved our ability to predict extraprostatic extension, but @entity5 of intermediate volume and grade vary in their biologic behavior. To assess the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy, we performed flow cytometry in 85 @entity1 with @entity263 volumes > 4 cm3. Post-radical prostatectomy serum @entity1486 was used to prove recurrence of @entity5 . Mean follow-up was 35 months (median 31 months). 26 @entity1 (30%) had diploid histograms, 55 (65%) non-diploid histograms. In 4 cases (5%) the histograms were uninterpretable. @entity5 volume and percent of Gleason grades 4 or 5 separated the recurrent from nonrecurrent groups in a highly significant manner (p < 0.001). When tested alone, ploidy had no ability to predict recurrence (p = 0.26). However, in a subset of @entity1 with 4-8 cm3 of @entity5 with < 30% Gleason grade 4 or 5 @entity5 , ploidy conferred significant additional prognostic information (p < 0.005).

title: Pathologic parameters and flow cytometric ploidy analysis in predicting recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the prostate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of illuminated microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy vs combined @entity1138 -augmented trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for primary @entity10064 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial. METHODS: Of the 30 @entity1 (60 eyes) analyzed with bilateral primary @entity10064 aged  <=2 years, 1 eye of each @entity1 was randomized to: illuminated microcatheter-assisted trabeculotomy (Group I) or combined trabeculotomy with trabeculectomy augmented with @entity1138 (Group II). Primary outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Categorization into absolute success (IOP  <=15  mm Hg without medication) and qualified success (IOP  <=15  mm Hg with medication) was done. Secondary outcomes included change in corneal diameter and clarity, optic disc status, refraction, need for anti- @entity726 therapy, and occurrence of complications. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 6.63    5.74  months. IOP fell by 49.3% (22.25    10.88 to 11.56    3.33  mm Hg) in Group I and 46.6% in Group II (21.73    8.89 to 11.60    3.03  mm Hg) (P < .001 in both). At 1 year, absolute success was achieved in 86.7% (26/30) and 90.0% (27/30) in Groups I and II, respectively (P  >.99) and qualified success in 93.3% (28/30) in both groups (P  = 1). There was significant improvement in corneal clarity (P < .001) and cup-to-disc ratio (P  <= .01) in both groups at 1 year. Though incidence of @entity5891 was significantly more in Group I (P  = .0001), no vision-threatening complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Illuminated microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy achieved comparable surgical outcomes to @entity1138 -augmented combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy and may be recommended as the initial surgical procedure for primary @entity10064 .

title: Illuminated Microcatheter Circumferential Trabeculotomy Versus Combined Trabeculotomy-Trabeculectomy for Primary XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity10064 :: (MESH:C565547,Disease) :: ['Congenital Glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity1188 size (IS) is a determinant of pathophysiological events after @entity583 ( @entity583 ), but its relation to the risk of @entity7086 remains undefined. METHODS: @entity583 was induced in 129sv and C57Bl/6 @entity19 . Left ventricular (LV) remodelling was examined by echocardiography prior to the onset of @entity397 . Changes in muscle tensile strength and expression of inflammatory factors were determined. Autopsy was performed and IS measured. RESULTS: @entity397 incidence was higher in 129sv than C57Bl/6 @entity19 (62% vs. 33%, P<0.001). @entity397 occurred in @entity19 with IS over a threshold, which was smaller in 129sv than C57Bl/6 @entity19 (20% vs. 30%). 129sv @entity19 with IS>30% had a higher incidence of @entity397 than those with IS 20-30%. Echocardiography revealed IS-dependent @entity1002 and 129sv @entity19 had a better-preserved function compared with C57Bl/6 counterparts. 129sv but not C57Bl/6 @entity19 that subsequently developed @entity397 showed more severe regional dysfunction and remodelling compared with IS-matched non-ruptured hearts. Tensile strength of the infarcted @entity1562 was reduced significantly, which was IS-related. 129sv @entity19 had higher expression levels of inflammatory mediators in the infarcted @entity1562 or circulating inflammatory cells, underlying the higher risk of @entity397 in this strain than C57Bl/6. CONCLUSIONS: A critical IS level is necessary for post- @entity583 @entity397 and IS correlates with the reduction in muscle tensile strength. Strain differences exist in global function and regional or systemic @entity32 that explain the different risk of @entity397 or @entity712 between strains. Limiting IS or minimizing @entity32 would lower the risk of @entity9009 .

title: @entity1188 size and post-infarct @entity32 determine the risk of @entity7086 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rupture']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'Rupture']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV remodelling and dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin denervation in @entity16 has rarely been documented despite frequent manifestations of small-fiber @entity16 including reduced sensitivity and @entity9 . Recently, skin biopsy has been established as a new approach to diagnose small-fiber @entity16 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathologic features of cutaneous nerves and to evaluate @entity32 in the skin of @entity1 with @entity1333 . DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei. @entity1 Six @entity1 with @entity16 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 had 3-mm punch biopsy specimens taken from the distal part of the leg (without active @entity75 ) and a sural nerve biopsy specimen was taken in addition to detailed neurologic examinations, laboratory investigations, and nerve conduction studies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Results of nerve conduction studies, epidermal nerve fiber density studies, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All 6 @entity1 had combined large- and small-nerve-fiber involvement on the neurologic examinations. Nerve conduction studies showed a pattern of @entity16 or @entity4216 multiplex. Epidermal nerve fiber densities were significantly reduced in the skin of all @entity1 , consistent with concomitant small-fiber @entity16 . Perivascular infiltration by T cells and macrophages was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. All @entity1 experienced neurologic improvement in muscle strength and alleviation of sensory symptoms after immunotherapy with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, or @entity786 . CONCLUSIONS: Small-diameter sensory nerves are affected in @entity1333 in addition to the well-known effect of @entity1333 on large-diameter nerves. Significant @entity32 is present in the skin despite the absence of clinically active @entity75 .

title: Skin denervation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic neuropathy', 'sensory neuropathy', 'axonal neuropathy', 'neuropathies', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuropathy']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['vasculitic neuropathy']