abstract: We reviewed our colonoscopy data for the past 10 yr for @entity1 with five or more @entity1127 to determine the association of multiple @entity6523 and @entity694 . During that period, 3,834 @entity1 underwent colonoscopy. Fifty-two @entity1 with five or more @entity1127 at the initial colonoscopy were found. In 25 @entity1 (group I) there were at least five @entity652 , and in 27 @entity1 (group II) a combination of @entity652 and @entity1127 totaling five or more. The number of @entity1127 ranged from five to 30 (median, six). There was no significant difference in the location of @entity1127 between groups I and II. Eight of 52 @entity1 (15%) were found to have @entity694 at the initial colonoscopy. In group I, there were six @entity5 (24%), five of which were in the cecum. Two of 27 @entity1 (7%) in group II had @entity5 , one of which was located in the cecum. @entity1 with five or more @entity652 at the index colonoscopy are at high risk of having @entity694 that is particularly prone to arise from the right side of the colon.

title: The association of multiple colonic XXXX with @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'synchronous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity6523 :: (MESH:D018256,Disease) :: ['adenomatous polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac-resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality in chronic @entity712 with a wide QRS complex. @entity3883 also occurs in @entity1 with a narrow QRS complex, which suggests the potential usefulness of CRT in such @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a randomized trial involving 115 centers to evaluate the effect of CRT in @entity1 with New York Heart Association class III or IV @entity712 , a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less, a QRS duration of less than 130 msec, and echocardiographic evidence of @entity1002 . All @entity1 underwent device implantation and were randomly assigned to have CRT capability turned on or off. The primary efficacy outcome was the composite of @entity204 from any cause or first hospitalization for worsening @entity712 . RESULTS: On March 13, 2013, the study was stopped for futility on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring board. At study closure, the 809 @entity1 who had undergone randomization had been followed for a mean of 19.4 months. The primary outcome occurred in 116 of 404 @entity1 in the CRT group, as compared with 102 of 405 in the control group (28.7% vs. 25.2%; hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 1.57; P=0.15). There were 45 deaths in the CRT group and 26 in the control group (11.1% vs. 6.4%; hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.93; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 and a QRS duration of less than 130 msec, CRT does not reduce the rate of @entity204 or hospitalization for @entity712 and may increase mortality. (Funded by Biotronik and GE Healthcare; EchoCRT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00683696.).

title: Cardiac-resynchronization therapy in XXXX with a narrow QRS complex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Mechanical dyssynchrony']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Exposure of pregnant Long-Evans @entity35 to elemental @entity349 ( @entity5332 0) vapor resulted in a significant accumulation of @entity5332 in tissues of neonates. Because elevated @entity5332 in neonatal tissues may adversely affect growth and development, we were interested in how rapidly @entity5332 was eliminated from neonatal tissues. Pregnant @entity35 were exposed to 1, 2, or 4 mg @entity5332 0 vapor/m3 or air (controls) for 2 hr/day from gestation day 6 (GD6) through GD15. Neonatal brain, liver, and kidney were analyzed for total @entity5332 at various times between birth and postnatal day 90 (PND90). Milk was analyzed for @entity5332 between birth and weaning (PND21). Before weaning, the @entity5332 levels in neonatal tissues were proportional to maternal exposure concentrations and were highest in kidney followed by liver and then brain. There was no elimination of @entity5332 between birth and weaning, indicating that neonates were exposed continuously to elevated levels of @entity5332 during postpartum growth and development. Consumption of milk from exposed dams resulted in a slight increase in kidney @entity5332 concentration during this period. Unexpectedly, neonatal @entity5332 accumulation increased rapidly after weaning. Increased @entity5332 was measured in both control and exposed neonates and was attributed to consumption of NIH-07 diet containing trace levels of @entity5332 . By PND90, tissue @entity5332 levels equilibrated at concentrations similar to those in unexposed adult Long-Evans @entity35 fed the same diet. These data indicate that dietary exposure to trace amounts of @entity5332 can result in a significantly greater accumulation of @entity5332 in neonates than gestational exposure to high concentrations of @entity37359 vapor.

title: Gestational XXXX vapor exposure and diet contribute to @entity349 accumulation in neonatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph node status, established by a single @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) section from each node, remains an important prognostic indicator in @entity1 with @entity0 , but used alone it is insufficient to identify @entity1 who will develop @entity3 . This study was conducted to assess the significance of detecting occult @entity3 in 86 @entity1 with @entity0 originally reported to be histologically node negative. None of the @entity1 received adjuvant systemic therapy. METHODS: Five additional levels from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded nodes were examined at 150-microns intervals with H_E staining and a cocktail of antikeratin antibodies ( @entity2278 ) recognizing low molecular weight acidic keratins. RESULTS: Nodes from 11 (12.8%) of 86 @entity1 contained occult @entity3 . All @entity3 identified by cytokeratin antibody were also detected in H_E-stained sections. With median follow-up of 80 months, distant @entity3 occurred in five of 11 occult node-positive @entity1 (45%) and 13 of 75 @entity1 whose nodes were negative on review (17%). Median time to recurrence was 89 months for occult node-positive @entity1 and not yet reached for node-negative @entity1 (p = 0.048). The disease-specific 5-year survival rate was 90% for occult node-positive @entity1 and 95% for node-negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of occult @entity3 shortened the disease-free interval and suggested that more diligent axillary staging would more accurately identify @entity1 who would benefit from systemic adjuvant treatment.

title: Prognostic significance of occult lymph node @entity3 in node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The effect of a commercial enzyme preparation containing xylanase, alpha-amylase, and beta-glucanase on dietary AME content and the apparent and true ileal @entity535 digestibility of a @entity4336 -soy broiler diet and endogenous ileal @entity376 flow was determined. Two predominantly @entity4336 -soy diets also containing @entity3505 bran and canola meal were formulated; one diet contained no added enzymes, whereas the other was supplemented with alpha-amylase, @entity38017 . @entity6701 was included as an indigestible marker. The diets were given to broiler @entity1573 , and AME and true ileal @entity535 digestibility were determined. Portions of the 2 test diets were guanidinated and fed to similar aged broiler @entity1573 and endogenous @entity376 flows determined. The @entity1573 appeared healthy throughout the study, and the mean bird weights at the time of slaughter were not significantly different (P < 0.05) among any of the treatment groups. Dietary @entity15516 content was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the enzyme-supplemented @entity4336 -soy diet (2,829 kcal/kg) compared with its unsupplemented control diet (2,766 kcal/kg). True ileal @entity535 digestibility was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for all @entity1522 investigated. The increase ranged from 4% for @entity369 and @entity367 to 12% for @entity1434 . There was no significant difference in endogenous ileal @entity376 flow between broilers fed the unsupplemented diet and those fed the enzyme-supplemented diet. Overall, enzyme supplementation with an enzyme blend containing alpha-amylase, @entity38017 increased the AME content of a @entity4336 -soy broiler diet as well as apparent and true ileal @entity535 digestibility for all @entity1522 , but had no effect on endogenous ileal @entity376 flow.

title: The effect of a commercial enzyme preparation on apparent metabolizable energy, the true ileal @entity535 digestibility, and endogenous ileal XXXX losses in broiler @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity38017 :: ('543334(Tax:4565)', 'Gene') :: ['beta-glucanase, and xylanase']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: The effects of converting enzyme inhibitor have been studied on the functions and structure of the arterial wall, and in both models of renovascular and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . The arterial wall functions have been studied in terms of active vasomotricity, passive elasticity and transparietal convexion transport of proteins. Whatever the model used, @entity101 was associated with significant changes in arterial wall functions: increase in smooth muscle cell tone, decrease in compliance, and decrease in transparietal filtration rate of proteins. These modifications could be reported to the increase in thickness of the media secondary to @entity1184 and @entity1373 of smooth muscle cell and to the increase in collagen network density. The effects of converting enzyme inhibitors on these phenomenons could depend on the experimental model used and the duration of treatment. In @entity2792 animals, one month of treatment with perindopril normalized blood pressure and active compliance of the arterial wall. This functional benefit could be easily reported to the complete regression of the smooth muscle cell @entity1184 observed after treatment. By contrast, the increase in collagen network density was not regressed by treatment. By contrast, the increase in collagen network density was not regressed by treatment. By contrast, the increase in collagen network density was not regressed by treatment with @entity21594 and thus the transparietal filtration rate of proteins remained decreased. In spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 a perindopril treatment of long duration (3 months) partially regressed the functional change in compliance. This effect, once again, could be easily reported to the partial regression of medial @entity1184 which was associated, in this experimental condition, with a significant decrease in collagen network density.

title: [Function and structure of the vascular wall in experimental arterial XXXX . Effect of treatment].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity21594 :: ('MESH:C052035', 'Chemical') :: ['trandolapril']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Local delivery allows a high concentration of antibiotics to be achieved in the wound while avoiding the side effects and cost of systemic administration. Beads molded from polymethylmethacrylate cement are commonly used for local antibiotic delivery but are not ideal. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a bioabsorbable gel delivering @entity2176 and @entity801 is more effective in reducing infection than beads delivering @entity2176 and @entity2890 . METHODS: This study used a segmental defect @entity35 model contaminated with @entity794 and treated with clinically relevant local antibiotic doses, delivered by gel or beads. In the gel group, 1 mL of gel containing @entity801 and @entity2176 was spread throughout the wound. In the bead group, four 3-mm beads containing @entity2890 and @entity2176 were placed in the wound, 2 in the defect and 2 in the adjacent tissue envelope, there was also a control group that received no antibiotic treatment. After 14 days, bone and hardware was harvested for separate microbiological analysis. RESULTS: There was a significantly lower infection rate in groups treated with antibiotics delivered by gel compared with those treated with either antibiotic beads or no antibiotics at all (P < 0.001). Quantitative cultures also demonstrate significantly less bacteria in the wounds treated with the gel than in the control or bead groups (P  <= 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that antibiotic delivery by a gel is superior to beads. The authors propose that antibiotic depot by @entity4625 antibiotic beads is less effective because this method has to rely on diffusion of the antibiotic from the high concentration close to the beads to all regions of the wound.

title: Local antibiotic delivery by a bioabsorbable gel is superior to XXXX bead depot in reducing infection in an open fracture model.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: Twenty-four-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring is presently considered the most reliable diagnostic test for @entity354 . Prolonged esophageal pH measurements can be obtained in hospitalized @entity1 with a stationary technique and in ambulant outpatients by means of a portable device; however, there have been no studies that have examined whether the two approaches provide a similar diagnostic accuracy. We performed a prospective study to compare stationary and ambulatory pH-metry in the diagnosis of @entity354 . Seventy-seven control subjects and 178 @entity1 with proven @entity354 were randomized to either ambulant or static pH-metry, which was performed with standard pH electrodes, sensors, and recorders. Reflux events (intraesophageal pH < 4.0) analyzed were: number of episodes; total, upright, and supine reflux time; number of episodes lasting > 5 min; and duration of the longest episode. A composite score of all reflux events according to DeMeester was also calculated. The limits of normality were defined as the 95th percentiles of the control groups. Both controls and @entity1 assigned to either pH monitoring method were comparable. Of 255 studies attempted, 243 (95%) were completed successfully. The results showed similar median values of reflux events for the two control groups and for the two @entity1 groups. Percent total reflux time provided a good separation between normal and abnormal reflux, with a sensitivity of 0.92 for static pH-metry and 0.68 for the ambulant procedure (respective 95th percentiles, 3.4 and 4.6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of stationary vs ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring systems in diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity3124 of @entity778 may be associated with relatively poor outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe clinical features and factors associated with the @entity204 of critical @entity1 . METHODS: Medical records of 26 critical @entity1 with @entity281 admitted from @entity21287 to Dec. 31, 2009, were retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis was established by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was (40.4    18.4) years and 73.1% of them were male. Clinical manifestations included @entity221 , cough, and sputum production. The laboratory findings included @entity491 , @entity2905 , C-reaction protein, and lactic dehydrogenase elevation. In this series, 17 subjects survived and 9 died. The parameters between the @entity204 and survivors were compared, which included acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scores (23.8    10.1 vs. 14.3    6.6, P<0.05), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores (13.3    3.0 vs. 6.6    3.3, P<0.05), and @entity881 ( @entity881 ) scores (7.4    2.5 vs. 3.3    1.7, P<0.05). The cases of @entity204 had higher incidences of @entity65 (100% vs. 41.2%, P<0.05), @entity177 (55.6% vs. 11.7%, P<0.05), @entity75 (44.4% vs. 5.9%, P<0.05), @entity1578 (33.3% vs. 5.9%, P<0.05), and @entity326 (33.3% vs. 17.6%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The critical @entity1 with @entity281 have high APACHE II, SOFA, and @entity881 scores, which may be associated with an increased risk of @entity204 and complex clinical courses.

title: Clinical characteristics of critical @entity1 with XXXX in Chengdu, China.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3620 is an ideal model for testing new locoregional multimodality approaches because of its aggressive local behavior. METHODS: This study was planned to investigate the feasibility, safety, and pharmacokinetics of a multimodality therapy including an operation, pleural space perfusion (60 minutes) with @entity900 (100 mg/m2), @entity221 (41. 5 degrees C), and postoperative radiotherapy (55 Gy to chest wall incisions). The effects of the extent of resection and perfusion temperature on @entity900 pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Ten @entity1 with epithelial or mixed, stage I or II, malignant @entity2615 underwent the following procedures: group A (3 @entity1 ), pleurectomy/decortication and normothermic pleural space antineoplastic perfusion; group B (3 @entity1 ), pleurectomy/decortication and hyperthermic perfusion; and group C (4 @entity1 ), pleuropneumonectomy and hyperthermic perfusion. Operations were selectively applied depending on @entity5 extent. @entity902 levels were serially measured by atomic absorption in systemic blood, perfusate, lung, and endothoracic fascia. RESULTS: The overall procedure was completed in every case, without any @entity204 or @entity137 . No lung damage was demonstrated after treatment. Major complications included 1 wound @entity281 and 1 diaphragmatic prosthesis displacement. The mean peak @entity902 plasma levels were reached within 45 to 60 minutes after perfusion was started. Systemic drug concentrations were greater after pleurectomy/decortication than after pleuropneumonectomy (P =.006). The local tissue/perfusate ratio of @entity902 concentrations tended to be higher after hyperthermic perfusion rather than normothermic perfusion. CONCLUSION: This multimodality approach is feasible, pharmacokinetically advantageous, and safe enough to undergo further clinical investigations.

title: Pleural space perfusion with XXXX in the multimodality treatment of @entity3620 : a feasibility and pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: As a part of an ongoing prospective controlled trial, the Southwest Oncology Group compared the results of treatment of advanced @entity1893 with two @entity3726 regimens ( @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 with either low-dose @entity1732 or BCG by scarification) to a COP regimen ( @entity786 , @entity1891 and @entity229 ) with low-dose @entity1732 ( @entity42583 ). The study design emphasized histopathology review and systematic restaging to define complete remission (CR). Confirmed rates of CR for 443 evaluable @entity1 were 59% for 286 @entity1 receiving the @entity3726 regimens and 59% for 157 @entity1 receiving COP-Bleo. Rates of CR were higher for @entity1 with @entity8462 (69%) compared to those with @entity706 (54%) (p = 0.005). For @entity1 with @entity8462 there was no difference in CR rates according to treatment. For @entity1 with @entity706 the CR rate was higher with the @entity3726 programs (58%) than with COP-Bleo (44%) (p = 0.10). Overall duration of CR and survival was significantly longer for @entity1 with @entity8462 compared to @entity706 (p less than 0.01). At this time, remission duration and survival were similar regardless of induction regimen used in @entity1 with @entity8462 . However, in @entity1 with @entity706 , the duration of CR and overall survival were improved by treatment with the @entity3726 regimens compared to COP-Bleo (p = 0.02). Thus, in this controlled study we have demonstrated that initial combination chemotherapy employing the @entity3726 regimen was a superior remission induction therapy for @entity1 with @entity706 .

title: Superiority of XXXX -containing combination chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity706 : a Southwest Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lymphoma', 'diffuse lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: gout is an inflammatory @entity625 that frequently is associated with @entity28 , @entity285 consumption, @entity101 and @entity2298 . The @entity13375 is characterized by metastatic calcification to small and medium vessels. Both are associated independently with high mortality. When @entity5052 and the @entity13375 are present, the @entity204 risk is 80 %. CLINICAL CASE: a 51 year old @entity1 presented with clinical history of @entity988 and @entity262 arterial @entity101 , and he developed limb @entity1066 , @entity4 and @entity1381 . Three week later, the @entity1 died as a consequence of sepsis from @entity794 . We emphasize the diagnostic approach of @entity13375 , @entity209 and comorbidities, cardiovascular and @entity177 risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: the @entity5052 is included in the @entity209 , as the result of genetic and behavioral factors. It is recognized as a cardiovascular risk. For this reason we must consider it in the clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of diseases with high mortality.

title: [Calciphylaxis, @entity177 @entity1 with XXXX as a risk factor for @entity204 ].

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity13375 :: ('MESH:D002115', 'Disease') :: ['calciphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity5052 :: (MESH:D033461,Disease) :: ['hyperuricemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has long been associated with the possible development of internal @entity547 , with a reported incidence of 1-5%. Because it induces fewer adhesions than laparotomy, the laparoscopic approach to this operation appears to increase the rate of this complication, which can present dramatically. METHODS: Data from all @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery are introduced prospectively in a data-base. @entity1 who were reoperated for symptoms or signs suggestive of an @entity547 were reviewed retrospectively, with special emphasis on clinical and radiological findings, and surgical management. RESULTS: Of 607 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic primary or reoperative RYGBP in our two hospitals between June 1999 and January 2006, 25 developed symptoms suggestive of an @entity547 , 2 in the immediate postoperative period, and 23 later on, after a mean of 29 months and a mean loss of 14.5 BMI units. 9 of the latter presented with an @entity697 , of which 1 required small bowel resection for @entity39 . Recurrent colicky @entity490 was the leading symptom in the others. Reoperation confirmed the diagnosis of @entity547 in all but 1 @entity1 . The most common location was the meso-jejunal mesenteric window (16 @entity1 , 56%), followed by Petersen's window (8 @entity1 , 27%), and the mesocolic window (5 @entity1 , 17%). @entity1 in whom the mesenteric windows had been closed using running non-absorbable sutures had fewer @entity547 than @entity1 treated with absorbable sutures at the primary procedure (1.3% versus 5.6%, P=0.03). Except in the acute setting, clinical and radiological findings were of little help in the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Except in the setting of @entity697 , clinical and radiological findings usually do not help in the diagnosis of @entity547 . A high index of suspicion, based mainly on the clinical history of recurrent colicky @entity490 , is the only means to reduce the number of acute complications leading to bowel resection by offering the @entity1 an elective laparoscopic exploration with repair of all the defects. Prevention by carefully closing all potential mesenteric defects with running non-absorbable sutures during laparoscopic RYGBP, which we consider mandatory, seems appropriate in reducing the incidence of this complication.

title: XXXX after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: a continuous challenge in bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction', 'acute bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'internal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Internal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infarctions of the anterior choroidal artery affect multiple anatomical structures, leading to a wide spectrum of @entity51 with frequent symptom fluctuation or progression. AIMS: To assess etiological mechanisms, frequency, and predictors of symptom progression, as well as its impact on prognosis. METHODS: Anterior @entity385 @entity1 were prospectively identified via predefined @entity1188 locations with @entity63 lesions >= 1  5   cm vertical diameter in cerebral imaging. @entity16 was >= 2 National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale points in motor function or >= 4 in total National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale. @entity64 etiology was determined according to Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST) classification. We assessed demographical data, risk factors, and acute phase parameters in order to find predictors of @entity16 . RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Eighteen @entity1 (60%) had @entity16 during days 1-3. Despite similar @entity64 severity at admission (median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale in progressive @entity1188 4  5 versus 4; P   =   0  72), @entity1 with progression had more severe deficits at day 3 (median National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale 9 vs. 3  5; P   =   0  04) and worse three-month outcome. Only 31% of @entity1 with progression scored <2 in the modified Rankin Scale compared with 89% without progression (P   =   0  01) after three-months. No statistically significant differences regarding possible predictors of progression were found. Magnetic resonance imaging findings and etiological assessment suggest overlapping mechanisms of small and large vessel disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16 is frequent in anterior @entity385 and is associated with worse outcome. While mechanisms of small and large vessel disease seem to overlap in anterior @entity385 , we were not able to identify predictors of @entity16 .

title: The progressive course of neurological symptoms in anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Definition of neurological progression', 'neurological progression', 'Neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal artery infarction', 'choroidal artery infarcts', 'choroidal artery infarct']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['choroidal artery infarcts']


abstract: Because @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is highly bound to plasma protein, several variables affecting binding will significantly alter the quantity of free drug which is pharmacologically active. Therefore, total @entity2052 plasma concentrations do not reflect the therapeutic strength of the drug in tissue. We have performed equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration studies of @entity2052 binding to plasma protein. The converging data in these in vitro studies indicate a clinically significant alteration in the percent of free @entity2052 when total drug concentration exceeds 80 micrograms/ml. Saturation of drug binding sites probably occurs in this range. At 20--60 micrograms/ml @entity2052 there is 5% free drug, with a significant increase to 8% free at 80 micrograms/ml; free drug increases to over 20% at 145 micrograms/ml total @entity2052 . @entity1 plasma, which is low in albumin, has twice the quantity of free @entity2052 as normal plasma (10 versus 5% free). The clinical evidence of interaction between @entity2052 and @entity3174 is confirmed in vitro by the increase in the free fraction of both drugs. @entity2052 binding decreases by 3--6%, while @entity3174 binding decreases 5--6% as both drugs reach high plasma concentrations. When appropriate, laboratory reports should be available defining concentration of free drug in plasma for optimal interpretation of drug concetrations relative to clinical effects.

title: XXXX : in vitro plasma protein binding and interaction with @entity3174 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['Valproic acid']


abstract: Administration of @entity143 receptor antagonists, such as @entity3652 and @entity3390 , may induce @entity146 in preclinical models of @entity161 . @entity3652 has also been observed to exacerbate @entity716 in @entity161 @entity1 . However, @entity3393 , a non-competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist approved for @entity195 and proposed for antipsychotic augmentation, may challenge this view. To date, the molecular mechanisms by which these @entity143 receptor antagonists cause different neurochemical, behavioral, and clinical effects are still a matter of debate. Here, we investigated by molecular imaging whether these agents could differently modulate gene expression and topographical distribution of glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins. We focused on @entity26398 / @entity26398 / @entity16689 signaling network, which may be implicated in @entity2227 -dependent synaptic plasticity, as well as in @entity716 pathophysiology and treatment. @entity3652 (25 and 50mg/kg) and @entity3390 (0.8mg/kg) significantly induced the transcripts of immediate-early genes (Arc, @entity1639 , and @entity26398 ) in cortical regions compared to vehicle, whereas they reduced @entity26398 and @entity16689 expression in cortical and striatal regions. Differently, @entity3393 (5mg/kg) did not increase @entity26398 signal compared to vehicle, whereas it induced @entity1639 in the somatosensory and in the medial agranular cortices. Moreover, @entity3393 did not affect @entity26398 and @entity16689 expression. When compared to @entity3652 and @entity3390 , @entity3393 significantly increased the expression of @entity1639 , @entity26398 and @entity16689 . Overall, @entity3652 and @entity3390 prominently increased @entity26398 / @entity26398 expression ratio, whereas @entity3393 elicited the opposite effect. These data may support the view that @entity3652 , @entity3390 and @entity3393 exert divergent effects on PSD transcripts, which may contribute to their partially different behavioral and clinical effects.

title: Different effects of the @entity143 receptor antagonists @entity3652 , @entity3390 , and @entity3393 on postsynaptic density transcripts and their topography: role of Homer signaling, and implications for novel antipsychotic and pro-cognitive targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic-like behaviors']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Cryotherapy and thermotherapy are useful adjuncts for the treatment of @entity85 . Clinicians treating these conditions should be aware of current research findings regarding these modalities, because their choice of modality may affect the ultimate outcome of the @entity1 being treated. Through a better understanding of these modalities, clinicians can optimize their present treatment strategies. Although cold and hot treatment modalities both @entity925 , they have opposite effects on tissue metabolism, blood flow, @entity32 , @entity4 , and connective tissue extensibility. Cryotherapy decreases these effects while thermotherapy increases them. Continuous low-level cryotherapy and thermotherapy are newer concepts in therapeutic modalities. Both modalities provide significant @entity158 relief with a low side-effect profile. Contrast therapy, which alternates between hot and cold treatment modalities, provides no additional therapeutic benefits compared with cryotherapy or thermotherapy alone. Complications of cryotherapy include @entity16 , frostbite, @entity2407 , cold-induced @entity110 , and slowed wound healing. With thermotherapy, @entity272 may occur, especially in @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity15 , poor circulation, and @entity1566 . In individuals with @entity309 , deep-heating modalities should be used with caution because increased @entity32 may occur. Whirlpool and other types of hydrotherapy have caused infections of the skin, urogenital, and pulmonary systems. Additionally, ultrasound should not be used in @entity1 with joint prostheses.

title: The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the XXXX practitioner.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin burns']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['decrease pain and muscle spasm']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare early and late side effects in @entity263 @entity1 with Stage T1b-T3 disease randomized to receive 70 Gy or 78 Gy. METHODS: There were 189 @entity1 randomized with a minimum follow-up of 2 years, that were available for this analysis. All @entity1 were initially treated with a 4-field box to an isocenter dose of 46 Gy at 2 Gy per fraction. In the 70-Gy arm, treatment was continued to a reduced volume using a 4-field box technique. In the 78-Gy arm, treatment was continued to a reduced volume using a conformal 6-field arrangement. Side effects were graded on a 1-4 scale, adapted from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and Late Effects Normal Tissue Task Force criteria. RESULTS: No significant differences in acute rectal or bladder @entity137 were seen between the two treatment techniques (p > 0.6 for all comparisons). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier risks of Grade 2 or higher late bladder @entity137 were 20% and 9% for 70-Gy and 78-Gy groups, respectively (log rank, p = 0.8). The 5-year risks of Grade 2 or higher late rectal @entity137 were 14% and 21% for 70 Gy and 78 Gy, respectively (p = 0.4). Dose-volume histogram analysis of the 78-Gy @entity1 showed a significant correlation between the percentage of rectum irradiated to 70 Gy or greater and the likelihood of developing late rectal complications. @entity1 with more than 25% of the rectum receiving 70 Gy or greater had a 5-year risk of Grade 2 or higher complications of 37% compared to 13% for @entity1 with 25% or less (p = 0.05). All three Grade 3 complications occurred when greater than 30% of the rectum received 70 Gy or more. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of complications was similar in both treatment arms. However, there is evidence for a significant @entity455 when more than 25% of the rectum received 70 Gy or greater. This parameter may serve as a benchmark for the design of future three-dimensional conformal trials.

title: Complications from radiotherapy dose escalation in XXXX : preliminary results of a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['increase in late rectal complications']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: TF antigen and activity are found in abundance in @entity1 @entity731 , particularly in the lipid-rich core. TF is also readily induced in the arterial wall by @entity130 and accumulates in the resulting @entity8233 . In chronic @entity731 , the macrophage is likely to be the major source of TF within the plaque. TF accumulates as an early event associated with the migration of monocytes to the vessel wall in response to chemoattractants, such as @entity2842 , and their differentiation into macrophages. As @entity9976 become activated in the developing plaque, they provide a second source of TF. Macrophages and @entity9976 accumulate lipid and become foam cells, ultimately degenerating into a necrotic core rich in TF. Spontaneous @entity397 or acute interventions expose active TF in the core to circulating blood, triggering @entity715 . In acute @entity1317 , @entity9976 appear to be the chief source of TF. In normal vessels, the induction of TF in the medial @entity9976 is not sufficient to generate fibrin, presumably because the TF is not readily accessible on the luminal surface. In contrast, endothelial denudation of previously injured arteries may expose intimal TF to circulating blood, resulting in rapid fibrin deposition. In advanced @entity1 @entity731 , it is likely that even in areas that do not contain "unstable" or "stable" plaques, the vessel wall is not normal and more closely resembles that of a previously injured artery possessing an active intima. Interventions, such as balloon angioplasty, coronary atherectomy, or stent placement may expose intimal TF, leading to fibrin deposition. As the @entity3459 , TF is a potential target for inhibiting the @entity715 of @entity731 . @entity11524 (reviewed in 52) is currently under clinical investigation as an anticoagulant and its effects on intimal @entity1373 in animal models are being studied. Direct factor Xa inhibitors, such as tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) and leech anticoagulant peptide (ATS), are also under investigation (53-54). Finally, the recent crystallization of TF (55) and the TF:VIIa (56) should provide important new insights into the design of molecules for directly inhibiting TF.

title: Tissue factor in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['initiator of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['balloon injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Emergency nurses routinely treat a wide variety of animal-related injuries, yet the @entity130 literature rarely addresses injuries associated with livestock. METHODS: The purpose of this retrospective, descriptive study was to examine the incidence, demographics, severity, and other factors associated with @entity130 related to livestock in @entity1 admitted to one central texas @entity130 center during a 5-year period. @entity1 were classified by activity at the time of injury. The following 5 categories were identified: cowboy, rancher, dude, standing near, and unidentified. Groups were further analyzed by the type of animal involved in the injury, mechanism of injury, @entity1 sex and age, body regions injured, indicators of severity, and county in which the injury occurred. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-six @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Of these @entity1 , 24% were categorized as cowboys, 18% as ranchers, and 39% as dudes. Six percent were standing near the animal, and activity at the time of injury could not be adequately determined for 13% of @entity1 . Typical demographics, mechanisms of @entity130 , indicators of severity, and animals were found to be associated with each activity class. DISCUSSION: @entity1641 were responsible for 75% of the @entity130 sustained by ranchers and 83% of the @entity130 sustained by dudes. Bulls were responsible for 94% of the cases involving cowboys. Simply standing near livestock was dangerous for 6% of the sample, including young @entity1 . Although helmets and steel-toed boots are currently unpopular, wearing them is a simple and important safety strategy.

title: XXXX in central Texas: cowboys, ranchers, and dudes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, wounds', 'traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Livestock trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pain contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Using a rodent @entity3825 assay that combines the @entity14 ( @entity14 ) model with the conditioned place avoidance (CPA) paradigms, we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity3825 , and showed that perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) activation is critical for memory processing involved in long-term visceral affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue. Progress has been made and suggested that activation of vagal afferents plays a role in the behavioral control nociception and memory storage processes.In @entity1 @entity1 , electrical vagus nerve stimulation enhanced retention of verbal learning performance. @entity6139 ( @entity6140 ), which is a gastrointestinal hormone released during feeding, has been shown to enhance memory retention. @entity19 access to food immediately after training session enhanced memory retention. It has been well demonstrated that @entity6140 acting on vagal afferent fibers mediates various physiological functions. We hypothesize that @entity6140 activation of vagal afferent enhances @entity3825 -related affective memory. RESULTS: In the presented study, infusion of @entity6140 -8 at physiological concentration combining with conditional training significantly increased the @entity14 -induced CPA scores, and enhanced the @entity2414 . In contrast, @entity6140 had no effect on CPA induced by non-nociceptive aversive stimulus (U69,593). The physiological implications were further strengthened by the similar effects observed in the @entity35 with duodenal infusion of 5% peptone, which has been shown to induce increases in plasma @entity6140 levels. @entity6140 -8 receptor antagonist CR-1409 or perivagal application of @entity2951 abolished the effect of @entity6140 on aversive @entity3825 memory, which was consistent with the notion that vagal afferent modulates affective aspects of @entity3825 . @entity6140 does not change the nociceptive response ( @entity3825 sensitivity) and anterior cingulate cortex neuronal responses to @entity14 . CONCLUSION: @entity6140 activating vagal afferent C fibers enhances memory consolidation and retention involved in long-term visceral negative affective state. Thus, in a number of @entity344 , such as @entity1744 , nutrient content may contribute to painful @entity10478 by enhancing visceral aversive memory via acts on vagal afferent pathway.

title: Cholecystokinin enhances @entity3825 -related affective memory via vagal afferent pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral perception']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholecystokinin-octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['pain affective memory retention']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3148 is a common @entity302 with high genetic contribution. We described a pedigree in which 10 individuals presented with a non-progressive, adult-onset @entity3148 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pedigree was constructed and analyzed. Six affected members were studied with clinical grounds, mental status, neurophysiology, video-electroencephalographic (EEG), brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mutational analysis of @entity42774 (GABRA1A, which endoces the alpha1 subunit of the @entity1246 receptor subtype A). Clinical and EEG data were collected from six unaffected members. RESULTS: Autosomal dominant hereditary was shown. The age of @entity410 onset was approximately 40. All the individuals had @entity410 and a normal cognitive level. Bilateral symmetric jerks of the shoulders, arms or legs featured the @entity410 . Ictally, the consciousness was not affected. The ictal EEG demonstrated bilateral spikes-and-waves. The occurrence of @entity410 was not associated with @entity25 . Rare generalized tonic-clonic @entity410 occurred in two individuals. No absence or accompanying @entity2358 were observed. A lower dose of @entity1092 (200-500 mg/D) ( @entity2053 0.5 mg/D in a @entity1 ) was required to stop the @entity410 . CONCLUSIONS: The clinical features of late adult-onset autosomal dominant @entity3148 are similar to @entity3149 ( @entity3149 ), which is a common generalized @entity302 with a significant hereditary component. But the age of onset, rare association of other @entity410 patterns, and non-relation of @entity410 onset to @entity25 suggest that this may be a distinct @entity302 different from recognized familial @entity3148 .

title: Adult-onset autosomal dominant @entity3148 : report of a family with an overlooked XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizure', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'familial epileptic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy', 'JME']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['Myoclonic epilepsy', 'myoclonic epilepsies', 'myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic syndrome']


abstract: The study was undertaken to evaluate whether the Physiological Cost Index (PCI) can be used as a reliable index of efficiency of gait and as an outcome measure in @entity306 ( @entity306 ). Physiological Cost Index was calculated in normal subjects by recording the heart rate manually and with electrocardiograph recording, and the values compared. In another group of subjects, PCI was calculated after they walked 3 different distances (50, 100, and 150 m). The PCI of normal @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity306 was then estimated by manual recording of the pulse, with the @entity1 walking 50 m indoors and 50 m on an uneven surface outdoors. The reproducibility of calculation of PCI was evaluated. The PCI value of each @entity1 was compared to the corresponding Functional Mobility Score. In a group of @entity1 with @entity306 , PCI was calculated before and after therapeutic intervention. The PCI values were comparable with either method of heart rate measurement and for the 3 distances walked. The reproducibility of measurement of PCI was satisfactory (Intraclass Correlation Coefficients, 0.80-0.88). The PCI of normal @entity1 was 0.1 beats per meter, whereas @entity1 with @entity306 had 6 times higher values of PCI, with the highest values in @entity1 with a crouch gait. In normal @entity1 , 10% greater PCI values were noted when they walked outdoors compared to a 100% increase in @entity1 with @entity306 . The higher the PCI values, the lower the Functional Mobility Scores. Therapeutic interventions altered PCI values, and interventions that effectively reduced energy consumption could be identified. We conclude that PCI may be used as a reliable outcome measure of gait efficiency in @entity1 with @entity306 .

title: Physiological cost index in XXXX : its role in evaluating the efficiency of ambulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: Pasture @entity47 plays an important role in the air-surface exchange and food chain transfer of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). Therefore, considerable research has been focused towards measuring @entity2556 in @entity47 using different analytical methods. However, in most cases information on the efficiencies of the different extraction methods employed is missing. This complicates data interpretation and inter-study comparisons. To address this deficiency, the extraction efficiencies of two commonly used @entity47 extraction techniques (sonication and soxhlet) and different solvents ( @entity4315 , @entity17058 and @entity4315 : @entity1324 [4:1, v/v]) were compared. The completeness of the extraction was investigated using alkaline saponification in @entity1042 . Soxhlet extraction was able to access between 60 and 90% of the total amount of @entity2556 in the @entity47 . Sonication was less efficient, only being able to extract between 10 and 50% of the @entity2556 . Extraction efficiencies were found to increase with increasing PAH molecular weight. The implications of these findings on data interpretation are discussed.

title: Influence of the extraction methodology on the analysis of XXXX in @entity47 .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetation', 'pasture vegetation']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Glycogen metabolism contributes to energy storage and various physiological functions in some prokaryotes, including colonization persistence. A role for glycogen metabolism is proposed on the survival and fitness of @entity9206 , a probiotic microbe, in the @entity1 gastrointestinal environment. @entity22671 possesses a glycogen metabolism (glg) operon consisting of glgBCDAP-amy-pgm genes. Expression of the glg operon and glycogen accumulation were @entity505 source- and growth phase-dependent, and were repressed by @entity413 . The highest intracellular glycogen content was observed in early log-phase cells grown on @entity7970 , which was followed by a drastic decrease of glycogen content prior to entering stationary phase. In @entity9592 -grown cells, however, glycogen accumulation gradually declined following early log phase and was maintained at stable levels throughout stationary phase. @entity9592 also induced an overall higher temporal glg expression throughout growth compared with @entity7970 . Isogenic /\glgA (glycogen synthase) and /\glgB (glycogen-branching enzyme) mutants are glycogen-deficient and exhibited growth defects on @entity9592 . The latter observation suggests a reciprocal relationship between glycogen synthesis and @entity9592 metabolism. Deletion of glgB or glgP (glycogen phosphorylase) resulted in defective growth and increased bile sensitivity. The data indicate that glycogen metabolism is involved in growth maintenance, bile tolerance and complex @entity1735 utilization in @entity9206 .

title: A functional glycogen biosynthesis pathway in XXXX : expression and analysis of the glg operon.

entities_list: @entity22671 :: ('272621', 'Species') :: ['L.   acidophilus   NCFM']

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9592 :: ('MESH:D011887', 'Chemical') :: ['raffinose', 'Raffinose']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L.   acidophilus', 'Lactobacillus acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity9206 :: (1579,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus acidophilus']


abstract: The majority of intramedullary @entity4097 in @entity1 are low-grade @entity5 . They become symptomatic with @entity51 or @entity85 . The diagnosis is most readily obtained using magnetic resonance imaging. The natural history is significant for slow progression of symptoms. Surgery is the best treatment and is also indicated to confirm the histological diagnosis. In case of a low-grade @entity5 or a @entity455 such as @entity279 or cavernoma, a total or near-total resection is attempted. For @entity816 the resection almost always remains biologically incomplete, but a near-total resection is still associated with a long progression-free survival. Neurologic morbidity is relatively low during long-term follow-up but can be up to 30% for transient @entity51 . The risk for @entity16 is higher for @entity1 with pronounced dysfunction preoperatively. This is an important argument for early surgical resection. Surgery is performed using the spectrum of microsurgical techniques as well as advanced technology, e.g. lasers and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring with motor evoked potentials. High-grade @entity5 are resected conservatively and treated with radiation and chemotherapy. The prognosis of high-grade @entity5 remains poor.

title: Neurosurgical management of intramedullary XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity279 :: ('MESH:D018325', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurologic deficits', 'motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy, chemoradiation, and surgery in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 . @entity1 AND METHODS: There were 29 @entity1 who received @entity1311 150 mg/m2 and @entity136 3000 mg/m2 2 weeks apart. Two weeks later, @entity1 received @entity900 75 mg/m2 and @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) 1000 mg/m2/d continuous infusion for 4 days with concurrent radiotherapy in 15 fractions to a total dose of 4000 cGy. After 6 weeks, @entity900 and @entity1487 were repeated at the above doses. After 4 to 6 weeks, @entity1 were restaged and underwent surgical resection. RESULTS: All 29 @entity1 completed the prescribed @entity136 , @entity1311 , and radiation therapy. @entity1398 occurred in 1 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 received growth factor support. After neoadjuvant treatment, 1 @entity1 refused surgery, 23 underwent R0 resection (82%), while 5 developed progressive disease. Four @entity1 developed @entity834 (17%). Four @entity1 had complete pathologic responses (14%) and 4 (14%) had only residual microscopic disease. Nine @entity1 remain alive at a median follow-up of 48 months. Three-year survival for the entire cohort was 36%. CONCLUSION: This regimen was associated with a high rate of compliance and induction therapy had an acceptable @entity137 profile. The R0 resection rate and 3-year survival data are similar to recently reported studies. While active, @entity136 and @entity1311 induction therapy was associated with an increased rate of @entity260 , but no increase in survival. Patterns of failure continue to demonstrate the need for regimens incorporating greater emphasis on systemic therapy for locally advanced @entity418 .

title: A phase II study of sequential neoadjuvant @entity136 and @entity1311 , radiation therapy with @entity900 and XXXX and surgery in locally advanced @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: Ten male volunteers received a 1-min i.v. infusion of a new water soluble @entity134 anaesthetic agent, @entity44250 . Individuals received doses ranging from 0.8 to 1.8 mg kg-1. All subjects experienced @entity158 at the site of injection; those receiving 1.0 mg kg-1 or more became anaesthetized. There was no evidence of @entity112 release and apnoea did not occur. Excitatory phenomena were observed in all subjects and were dose related; no spikes were seen on the EEG. Pharmacokinetic analysis supported a three-compartment (non-weight-related) model with compartmental volumes V1, V2 and V3 of 4.31, 14.2 and 89.4 litre, respectively. Clearance from the central compartment V1 was 1.55 litre @entity1009 . Inter-compartmental clearances Q1 and Q2 were 2.54 and 1.79 litre @entity1009 . We found that @entity44250 was an effective anaesthetic in @entity1 . The relationship between sedation, anaesthesia and excitation requires further exploration.

title: Administration to @entity1 of XXXX , a water soluble @entity134 i.v. anaesthetic agent.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['venous pain']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity44250 :: (MESH:C109272,Chemical) :: ['ORG 21465']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation of total antioxidant capacity ( @entity11636 ) in seminal plasma with sperm motility in infertile @entity1 , and explore the clinical significance of @entity11636 in seminal plasma in male fertility. METHODS: One hundred and thirteen infertile @entity1 with normal sperm density were included in the experiment group and 28 fertile @entity1 in the normal control. The seminal parameter analysis was performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) system. Seminal plasma @entity11636 was measured with spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: Seminal plasma @entity11636 was (14.37 +/- 8.45) U in the infertile @entity1 with normal sperm density and (19.82 +/- 6.33) U in the fertile control. Compared with the fertile @entity1 , seminal plasma @entity11636 in the experiment group was significantly lower (P < 0.01). There was significant correlation between seminal plasma @entity11636 and sperm motility, grade a sperm (r = 0.208, P < 0.05), grade (a + b) sperm (r = 0.231, P < 0.05), straightness (STR) (r = 0.200, P < 0.05), @entity5515 ( @entity5515 ) (r = 0.208, P < 0.05), curvilinear velocity (VCL) (r = 0.189, P < 0.05), straight line velocity (VSL) (r = 0.210, P < 0.05), average path velocity (VAP) (r = 0.215, P < 0.05), and beat cross frequency (BCF) (r = -0.248, P < 0.01). There was no significant correlation among the average motion degree (MAD), the @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and wobbly (WOB). CONCLUSION: @entity11636 in seminal plasma is closely related to male fertility, appropriate @entity11636 provides a favourable environment for sperm swimming. The decreased level of @entity11636 in seminal plasma may be one of the causes of @entity4810 . The analysis of @entity11636 in seminal plasma may afford valuable evidence in exploring the mechanism of @entity4810 and in clinical medication.

title: [Correlation of total antioxidant capacity in seminal plasma with sperm motility of infertile XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['amplitude of lateral head displacement', 'ALH']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5515 :: ('MESH:D017499', 'Disease') :: ['LIN', 'linearity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: A 35-year-old @entity1 with @entity1264 and @entity3792 had @entity451 . She had a history of @entity2742 due to a @entity3243 which had been excised 4 years previously. Plain radiographs of the spine revealed @entity3792 from the third to sixth thoracic vertebrae. @entity1513 and @entity1635 angles were 86 degrees and 28 degrees, respectively. Radiographs of the skull and hands showed radiological changes suggestive of @entity2742 . Laboratory tests showed low-normal serum @entity460 , @entity5886 , elevated serum alkaline phosphatase, and low serum @entity14257 . Retrospective review of the @entity1 's laboratory data showed that she had @entity4772 at the time of diagnosis of @entity459 . The @entity1 had been treated by anterior and posterior decompression and fusion with posterior instrumentation through a single posterior approach. The @entity86 and @entity1635 angles were 30 degrees and 12 degrees, respectively. Neurological recovery and spinal fusion had been achieved. @entity4772 responded well to @entity560 therapy. This is the first case of coexisting @entity1264 , @entity459 due to @entity3243 and @entity4772 to be reported in the literature. The @entity4772 in this @entity1 could be related to @entity459 , and not to @entity1264 . A drop in @entity2493 level after parathyroidectomy may have been the cause of spinal curvature progression in this @entity1 .

title: The association of @entity1264 and spinal deformity with @entity459 and XXXX : might @entity2493 have a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis 1']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphoscoliosis', 'kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid adenoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity4772 :: (MESH:D010018,Disease) :: ['osteomalacia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kidney graft survival in simultaneous @entity8 (SPK) recipients is known to decrease after @entity177 . METHODS: Sixty-three consecutive SPK recipients were retrospectively reviewed. Kidney graft function and @entity644 were evaluated at three months after the transplantation and at last follow-up. Histopathologic findings of protocol biopsies performed three months and one yr after transplantation were analyzed. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 lost the pancreas graft. Donors' characteristics were similar in @entity1 with or without @entity177 . After a median follow-up of 36  months, mean @entity470 with a functional pancreas was 69.5  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m   vs. 56.3  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m   (p  =  0.01) after @entity393 . @entity1 who lost pancreas had a median @entity644 of 0.28  g vs. 0.13  g per 24  h (p  =  0.02). Analysis of three-month protocol biopsies revealed more frequent @entity3491 after @entity177 (p  =  0.0001), without peritubular capillaritis or C4d deposition. No donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies were detectable in these @entity1 . Chronic tubulointerstitial changes were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity393 . There was no evidence of @entity2316 recurrence. CONCLUSION: SPK recipients develop an early @entity8 after @entity177 . Histopathologic findings revealed frequent glomerulitis without antibody-mediated rejection and early chronic changes.

title: @entity8 in simultaneous @entity8 after XXXX : analysis of early and late protocol biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas-kidney', 'kidney graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated glomerulitis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas failure', 'pancreas graft failure']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas loss']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['pancreas failure']


abstract: During 241 consecutive percutaneous mitral valvotomy ( @entity22844 ) procedures performed with the Inoue balloon, 16 @entity1 (6.6%) developed severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ). Baseline clinical, echocardiographic (Doppler mitral valve area and Wilkins' score) and hemodynamic data were not different from those of @entity1 without this complication. Severe @entity339 occurred during the first inflation in 7 @entity1 and after several stepwise inflations in 9. Although maximal balloon size was similar in both groups, unusual indentations and @entity3888 were more frequently observed in @entity1 who developed severe @entity339 . Early mitral valve replacement was required in 6 @entity1 . All of them had a leaflet rupture either along the midportion (2 @entity1 ), along a commissure (4 @entity1 ), or both. Commissural @entity460 was present in 5 valves and 5 also had severe subvalvular involvement that had been underestimated by echocardiography. Of the 10 nonsurgically treated @entity1 , 4 had @entity397 by echocardiographic criteria, whereas in the remaining 6 the precise mechanism of @entity339 could not be determined. During follow-up (11.4 +/- 4 months, range 1 to 30), 1 @entity1 required surgery for symptoms and the remaining 9 were symptomatically improved and free of @entity5988 . In conclusion, severe @entity339 complicated 6.6% of @entity22844 procedures with the Inoue balloon, and its mechanism was leaflet or @entity397 . Although one third of the @entity1 required early mitral surgery, most of the remaining obtained midterm symptomatic benefit.

title: Predictors, mechanisms and outcome of severe XXXX complicating percutaneous mitral valvotomy with the Inoue balloon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3888 :: ('MESH:D011662', 'Disease') :: ['subvalvular inflations']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['chordal rupture']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is paucity of research documenting the management of @entity130 in rural Australia. No data exists for Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area 4 locations. DESIGN: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Records were additionally sought from transfer hospitals. A qualitative assessment of @entity130 management in the Wimmera Region was also performed. SETTING: Wimmera Health Care Group: Horsham Campus, a Level 3 @entity130 hospital between January 2000 and July 2011. @entity1 : @entity1 coded with injury of spleen or excision procedure on spleen. INTERVENTIONS: Nil MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: surgical vs. non-surgical management RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 were included (mean age 27.8, range 8-54). Only 26% were from Horsham. Most injuries were due to sporting @entity130 /falls (53%) and motor vehicle accidents (37%). One @entity1 died in theatre from massive @entity130 . Eleven @entity1 were managed non-operatively. Seven @entity1 had splenectomy performed. Four of these had delay in computed tomography scanning, delay to theatre and suffered major @entity260 . The age (mean 39.9 versus 20.8) and Injury Severity Score (mean 21.9 versus 13.8) of @entity1 requiring splenectomy was higher than those managed non-operatively. Six of the @entity130 admissions (32%) were transferred from surrounding general practitioner-run Rural, Remote and Metropolitan Area 5 hospitals. All of these @entity1 had Victorian State Trauma Service-defined major @entity130 with an Injury Severity Score >15. There was an approximate 4-hour delay in transfer of these @entity1 , with transfer occurring when clinical deterioration occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity130 is uncommon in the Wimmera region, improved @entity130 triaging is required, with early transfer of unstable @entity1 and high-energy @entity130 mechanisms. A lower threshold for computed tomography scanning is recommended.

title: XXXX admitted to a rural Level 3 @entity130 centre: a 10-year audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Splenic injury']


abstract: This is a retrospective comparison of @entity1 with unresected @entity1721 treated by radiation therapy and chemotherapy (21 @entity1 ) versus radiation therapy alone (34 @entity1 ). Pretreatment characteristics were comparable in both groups. In the combined modality group, treatment was given in split courses with concomitant radiation therapy (20 to 25 Gy in 10 fractions on days 1-12 and days 42-54) and chemotherapy (bolus @entity1138 on day 1; 96 hr. of continuous 5 Fluorouracil infusion on days 1-4 and days 42-46). There was improvement in @entity66 control with the combined modality approach. Initial complete response was achieved in 86% of the radiation and chemotherapy group, versus 57% of the radiation alone group. The one-year local relapse-free rate was 67% versus 35%, and 2 year rate was 41% versus 28%. (p less than 0.05). The 1-year and 2-year survival was 64% and 32% respectively, for the radiation and chemotherapy group, versus 28% and 10% respectively for the radiation alone group (p less than 0.05). The majority of @entity1 had disease relapsed, 81% of the combined modality group and 97% of the radiation alone group. However, the pattern of failure was different in the two groups. In the radiation and chemotherapy group, 29% had local failure alone, 53% had distant failure alone, and 18% had both local and distant failure. In the radiation alone group, 33% had local failure alone, 24% had distant failure alone, and 43% had both local and distant failure. Concomitant radiation therapy, 5 @entity1487 infusion and bolus @entity1138 is effective treatment for local control in @entity1721 , but not for distant hematogenous metastases. This combined modality treatment was well tolerated, with little additional hematological @entity137 , @entity2910 and @entity3136 over radiation therapy alone.

title: Concomitant @entity1487 infusion, XXXX and radical radiation therapy in @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: Early exercise within 24 h after @entity64 can reduce @entity51 after @entity2806 . However, the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection remain poorly understood. @entity2806 disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and then triggers a cascade of events, leading to secondary @entity1545 and poor long-term outcomes. This study verified the hypothesis that early exercise protected the BBB after @entity63 . Adult @entity35 were randomly assigned to sham, early exercise (EE) or non-exercise (NE) groups. The EE and NE groups were subjected to @entity63 induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ). The EE group ran on a treadmill beginning 24 h after @entity63 , 30 min per day for three days. After three-days' exercise, EB extravasation and electron microscopy were used to evaluate the integrity of the BBB. @entity51 , @entity385 and the expression of @entity6929 , the @entity6930 ( @entity6930 ), and @entity659 were determined. The data indicated that early exercise significantly inhibited the @entity63 -induced reduction of @entity659 , and an increase in @entity6929 promoted @entity6930 expression (p < 0.01), attenuated the BBB disruption (p < 0.05) and @entity51 (p < 0.01) and diminished the @entity1188 volume (p < 0.01). Our results suggest that the neuroprotection conferred by early exercise was likely achieved by improving the function of the BBB via the regulation of @entity6929 and @entity659 .

title: Early Exercise Protects the Blood-Brain Barrier from XXXX via the Regulation of @entity6929 and @entity659 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity6930 :: ('116510(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1', 'TIMP-1']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'Ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct volume']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Brain Injury']


abstract: @entity42342 , @entity5209 (SR 95 156B, NSC 626718X, DHE) was studied in a phase I trial of escalating doses given on a single 24-h continuous intravenous infusion schedule. Doses were escalated from 40 to 500 mg/m2 in 19 @entity1 who received a total of 24 courses. Courses were repeated after a minimal interval of 3 weeks. Local @entity137 occurred at low doses (less than or equal to 100 mg/m2) and was circumvented by the use of a central venous access for higher doses. Other clinical adverse events occurred (greater than or equal to 330 mg/m2), including moderate @entity390 and @entity391 , mild @entity294 , @entity2133 , neuropsychiatric manifestations, and @entity1295 . All of these side effects were reversible and none was dose-limiting. The dose-limiting @entity137 was related to hepatic laboratory-test abnormalities in the form of reversible elevations of levels of serum @entity648 and liver enzymes at doses of greater than or equal to 330 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose for this schedule is 500 mg/m2. @entity1503 was minimal and non-dose-limiting. Neither drug-related deaths nor objective complete or partial responses were observed. However, a minor response and a long-term disease stabilization were obtained.

title: Phase I study of @entity42342 , XXXX given by 24-h continuous intravenous infusion.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'venous toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity42342 :: ('MESH:C060073', 'Chemical') :: ['Datelliptium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity5209 :: (CHEBI:36807,Chemical) :: ['hydrochloride']


abstract: AIM: The @entity24327 single nucleotide polymorphism located upstream of the @entity290 gene (LCT) was found tightly associated with @entity290 persistence in European populations. Recently, it was also associated with body mass index (BMI) and @entity28 in European adults. The aim of this study was to test the association of @entity24327 polymorphism with @entity28 -related traits and risk of @entity28 in @entity1 . METHODS: We genotyped 580 Portuguese @entity1 (6-12-year-olds) for the @entity24327 polymorphism using TaqMan probes by real-time PCR. Anthropometric measurements were assessed in all @entity1 . Obesity was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and @entity1144 using the sex and age-specific >= 90th waist circumference percentile. RESULTS: We found indication for an association between the-13910*T allele and @entity1 @entity1144 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.03-1.94; p = 0.030). Under the dominant model, the indicative association was observed between the LCT-13910 CT/TT genotypes and @entity1144 , remaining significant after adjustment for age and gender (OR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.04-2.60; p = 0.029). No association was detected with the risk of @entity28 (p = 0.350). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the @entity24327 polymorphism may predispose to @entity1144 in Portuguese @entity1 . The association with BMI or risk of @entity28 , previously observed in adults, was not confirmed.

title: The @entity290 persistence @entity24327 polymorphism shows indication of association with @entity1144 among Portuguese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity159 ( @entity159 ) is a medical emergency with a high morbimortality rate. We analyzed the casuistry in our hospital and we assessed the causes related to mortality. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 57 cases of @entity159 that took place between january 1992 to december 1998. The variables studied were mortality among groups according to age, previous @entity302 and the duration of the @entity410 episode. RESULTS: We found male prevalence (63.2%). The 49.2% of @entity1 didn't have previous history of @entity302 . In 38.6% of cases the treatment dose was insufficient and in 61.4% it was delated. The mortality rate was 36.8% with a higher significance in @entity1 older than 65 (p < 0.02), without previous history of @entity302 (p < 0.001) and in episodes lasting more than 4 hours (p < 0.05). Only 12.9% of @entity1 received prehospital treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality of @entity159 is very high. The initial treatment is inadequate. We must establish a premature and adequate protocol, with optim pharmacological doses and a good coordination with intensive care units.

title: [Generalized XXXX : analysis apropos of 57 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['generalized convulsive status epilepticus', 'GCSE']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['convulsive status epilepticus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic valved homograft conduits have been valuable in right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction in complex @entity299 . METHODS: Since 1995, 12 @entity1 ranging in age from 3 to 22 years, with @entity3886 or double outlet right ventricle associated with @entity849 and @entity1757 , underwent the Rastelli procedure with the RVOT reconstruction utilizing cryopreserved aortic valved homograft conduits. RESULTS: Operative deaths for three @entity1 were caused by the complexity of the @entity299 (25%). One late death (8.33%) occurred as a result of @entity1151 one month after conduit implantation. The remaining eight @entity1 (66.67%) survived asymptomatically with a mean postoperative hospitalization of 22 days. Preoperative Doppler echocardiographic flow visualization distinguished not only the corresponding location among the atrium, ventricle and great arteries, but also intracardiac. Mosaic flow pattern could be detected in the right ventricle and right atrium (n = 11). Postoperative echocardiographic flow visualization showed the valved homograft extracardiac conduit lay between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, and the valve inside the conduit could faintly be seen. Mosaic flow pattern could be observed with the systole and diastole jet in the cardiac circle (n = 8). Peak velocity and pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve after the Rastelli procedure were significantly decreased when compared with those before operation (4.13 +/- 0.44 m/s vs. 3.15 +/- 1.13 m/s, p = 0.032; 72.46 +/- 15.79 mmHg vs. 39.87 +/- 23.23 mmHg, p = 0.003). However, there were no significant differences between pre- and postoperative peak velocity and pressure gradient beyond the pulmonary valve. CONCLUSIONS: Apart from operative mortality, the application of aortic valved homograft conduits were all excellent choice for the correction of complex @entity299 .

title: Echocardiography of the right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery homograft conduit of @entity1 with XXXX or double outlet right ventricle undergoing the Rastelli procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2399 was evaluated as the primary tocolytic agent in the management of @entity1 at risk for @entity3465 . Fifteen @entity1 presenting with @entity3152 between 28 and 35 weeks gestation, given titrated dose intravenously @entity2399 till uterine contraction ceased, were prospectively studied. All @entity1 received an additional oral beta-mimetic agent once labor was arrested till 36 weeks gestation. All cases had intact membranes and no contraindications for tocolytic therapy. Tocolysis for more than 72 hours was achieved in 14 cases (93.3%). Delayed tocolysis of more than 7 days was achieved in 13 cases (86.7%). The mean dosage to achieve tocolytic effect was 3.17 g/hr (SD 0.08). The mean serum @entity1760 level to achieve such effect was 5.38 mg/dl (SD 0.88). @entity2399 was found to be easy to administer and clinically efficacious with minimal adverse effects. It may be used as the first line of tocolytic therapy where beta-sympathomimetic drugs are contraindicated.

title: Prospective study on @entity3152 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate', 'Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: In @entity177 ( @entity177 ), @entity8 correlates with tubulointerstitial @entity82 characterized by @entity32 , interstitial expansion with accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), tubular @entity194 . @entity130 subsequent to @entity8 may be induced by @entity644 , leakage of glomerular filtrate or injury to the post-glomerular peritubular capillaries ( @entity519 ). In vivo data in animal models suggest that @entity177 is associated with @entity519 , with the decline in renal @entity4095 preceding ECM accumulation. @entity177 is characterized by loss of microvascular profiles but, in the absence of microvascular obliteration, @entity519 can occur by a variety of complementary mechanisms, including @entity417 , decreased capillary flow, increased vasoconstriction, increased metabolic demand and increased diffusion distances due to ECM deposition. @entity519 regulates a wide array of genes, including many fibrogenic factors. @entity519 ( @entity519 ) are the major, but not the sole, transcriptional regulators in the @entity519 response. In @entity177 , @entity519 may play a role in the sustained inflammatory response. In vitro studies in tubulointerstitial cells suggest that @entity519 can induce profibrogenic changes in proximal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts consistent with changes observed in @entity177 in vivo. The effect of @entity519 on renal microvascular cells warrants investigation. @entity519 may play a role in the recruitment, retention and differentiation of circulating progenitor cells to the kidney contributing to the disease process and may also affect intrinsic stem cell populations. @entity519 in @entity177 fails to induce a sustained angiogenic response. Therapeutic manipulation of the @entity519 response may be of benefit in slowing progression of @entity177 . Potential therapies include correction of @entity417 , inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, administration of exogenous pro-angiogenic factors to protect the microvasculature, activation of @entity519 and @entity519 -mediated targeting of engineered progenitor cells.

title: Intrarenal oxygenation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hypoxia', 'Hypoxia-inducible factors', 'Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'HIF', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy and vascular obliteration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Tubulointerstitial injury']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: HbA(1C) is being used for screening and diagnosing @entity6 . We determined mean values of HbA(1C) according to age and sex in a large population without known @entity6 , in a wide age range 6-79 years. 5,138 @entity1 and @entity1 without known @entity6 aged 6-79 years participated in a routine health examination provided by their medical insurance. HbA(1C) was assessed on an HPLC analyzer aligned with a DCCT method. HbA(1C) was approximately normally distributed in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Mean (SD) HbA(1C) were, for @entity1 vs @entity1 , in percentages 5.3 (0.4) vs 5.2 (0.3), in mmol/mol 34 (5) vs 34 (4) and in estimated blood @entity413 in mmol/L 5.83 (0.67) vs 5.75 (0.53). HbA(1C) increased with age by 0.08% every 10 years and this was attenuated to a 0.04% increase after adjustment on fasting plasma @entity413 . Between 15 and 49 years, @entity1 had lower values than @entity1 (p < 0.0001), but no sex differences were observed before and after this age range. In our population, 0.6% had HbA(1C) greater or equal to 6.5% and 88% (96% of @entity1 and 73% of @entity1 ) of them had fasting plasma @entity413 greater or equal to 6,1 mmol/L. Threshold of 6.0% selected 2.8% of our population.

title: [Age and sex variations of HbA(1C) in a French population without known XXXX aged 6 to 79 years].

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']