abstract: The purpose of this paper was the determination, in the @entity4759 area of Teano (Caserta, Italy), of: i) The @entity5651 prevalence in a group of 920 @entity1 who attended the Outpatient Endocrinology Department; ii) The urinary @entity1496 excretion in 150 adults (20-73-year-old) and 502 @entity1 (10-16-year-old; iii) The thyroid size in the 502 @entity1 ; iv) The environmental @entity1496 levels. Out of 920 @entity1 a total of 750 (81.5%) goiters were detected. Out of these 750 cases, 415 (55.3%) were of grades 1b and 2, 335 (44.7%) of grades 3 and 4. A statistically significant association between @entity5651 size and age was found (p less than 0.05). Laboratory data were entirely available for 506 goitrous patients. Serum TG levels was increased with @entity5651 size and age, whereas there was a progressive decrease in mean serum TSH levels with increasing @entity5651 size and age. The screening program performed on 502 schoolchildren aged 10 to 16 yr found a 68.3% prevalence of grade 1 @entity5651 and a mean urinary ratio @entity1496 / @entity1011 of 52 +/- 32 (SD) micrograms/g. A mean urinary ratio @entity1496 / @entity1011 of 60 +/- 27 (SD) micrograms/g was reported in a sample of 150 adult inhabitants. @entity1496 measurements in water supplies showed levels equal to or less than 1 microgram/l. The area investigated can be identified as a moderate @entity1496 deficient area and classified as grade 1-2 according to the Pan American Health Organization criteria.

title: Study of an XXXX area in northern Campania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic goiter']

answer: @entity4759 :: (MESH:D006043,Disease) :: ['endemic goiter']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity191 often have urine storage symptoms, such as urinary urgency, frequency and @entity322 , which are induced by detrusor overactivity. However, little is known of the mechanisms inducing detrusor overactivity in this disease. We have previously examined the @entity1 brain response to @entity1494 in healthy male volunteers using positron emission tomography. We hypothesized that brain activation patterns in response to @entity1494 would be different in @entity1 with @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine male @entity1 with @entity191 were catheterized via the urethra for @entity1494 and intravesical pressure monitoring. We performed positron emission tomography, consisting of @entity59629 . For @entity43113 the bladder was maintained empty via the urethral catheter. For @entity26686 room temperature water was dripped for @entity1494 until the onset of detrusor overactivity. Data acquisition for @entity26686 was done during detrusor overactivity. Data on each scan were summed on a computer and further analyzed using a statistical parametric mapping procedure. RESULTS: Significant brain activation during detrusor overactivity was found in the periaqueductal gray, supplementary motor area, cerebellar vermis, insula, putamen and thalamus. The most prominent activation was found in the cerebellum. The pons was not activated during detrusor overactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Alteration in brain activation sites in response to @entity1494 may be related to the pathophysiology of detrusor overactivity in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: Brain activation during detrusor overactivity in XXXX with @entity191 : a positron emission tomography study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many new techniques have been evolved to curb the problem of post-operative @entity158 after hemorrhoidectomy. Stapler hemorrhoidopexy and Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation are the two methods gaining popularity amongst proctologists. The author proposes another technique called radiofrequency ablation and fixation of @entity6713 to add to this list. @entity1 AND METHODS: The surgical technique and clinical follow-up of 410 @entity1 operated by this technique are presented. An Ellman radiofrequency generator was used for @entity6713 at the output power intensity of 80. Post-defecation @entity158 and @entity158 at rest were assessed using a visual analogue scale. @entity1 satisfaction score was calculated at the mean follow-up of 60 months (range 48-72). The results in terms of mean hospital stay, post-operative @entity158 , @entity532 , and period of incapacity for work were compared with the published data of results of stapled hemorrhoidopexy and Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation. RESULTS: @entity158 score at first evacuation was 6. The post-defecation @entity158 score in the first week was 4 (range 3-6) and it was 3 (range 2-5) in the second week. The mean @entity158 score at rest in the first week was 2 (range 1-4) and 1 (range 0-2) in the second post-operative week. In the long-term follow-up at a mean of 60 months, this procedure was found in most of the cases to control prolapse, discharge, and @entity548 , with no @entity850 or @entity322 . The recurrence rate was less than 2%. The @entity1 satisfaction score was high. CONCLUSION: The results of this technique of radiofrequency ablation and fixation of @entity6713 hold positive promises in terms of less post-operative @entity158 , early discharge from the hospital and faster return to work. The results are comparable to stapled hemorrhoidopexy and are better than Doppler-guided hemorrhoidal artery ligation in terms of effectiveness and symptomatic relief on a long-term basis.

title: XXXX and fixation: an alternative procedure for prolapsing @entity6713 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids', 'hemorrhoidal ablation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhoidal ablation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the paper was to compare radiographs and MRI in assessment of active and chronic inflammatory changes in the @entity2720 in @entity1 with @entity615 and suspected @entity1691 . Moreover, the aim was to determine which of the two methods is more accurate in diagnosing individual inflammatory changes in the @entity2720 and whether there is a correlation between radiographs and MRI in their identification. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis was conducted in a group of 101 @entity1 , including 61 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 , referred to radiographs and MR examinations by rheumatologists due to @entity615 . AP images of the lumbar region of the spine were performed in each @entity1 in the supine position. The images included the @entity2720 . Changes in the SIJs were assessed based on the New York criteria of 1966. In MR examination, the SIJs were assessed in terms of the presence of active and chronic inflammatory changes described by the ASAS. The statistical analysis of the variables tested was conducted in the Excel and Statistica systems. RESULTS: In relation to the final clinical diagnosis of axSpA, MRI had higher sensitivity and specificity than radiography in diagnosing @entity6592 (sensitivity: 71% vs. 22%, specificity: 90% vs. 94% on radiographs according to New York criteria. In relation to MRI, radiographs resulted in 40% of incorrect @entity6592 diagnoses (both false positive and false negative results). In as many as 50% of cases (7/14), MRI failed to confirm the presence of inflammatory changes in the @entity2720 observed in radiography according to the modNY criteria (false positive results on radiographs). Both examinations are characterised by very low agreement, which is near to random, in assessing individual features of @entity6592 , such as @entity1463 , change in the joint space width, @entity2681 and @entity3947 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Radiographs do not allow early inflammatory lesions indicating @entity6592 to be diagnosed, which leads to diagnostic delay. MRI is the method of choice in diagnosing @entity6592 and detecting structural lesions, in particular @entity1463 and @entity2681 . 2. Radiographs and MRI are characterised by low, near to random, agreement in the detectability of the individual inflammatory changes in the @entity2720 .

title: Spectrum of Inflammatory Changes in the SIJs on Radiographs and MR Images in @entity1 with Suspected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['early sacroiliitis', 'sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['axial spondyloarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Axial Spondyloarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of incompletely processed precursor forms of insulin-like growth factor-II ("big" @entity5100 ) in plasma is essential for both the diagnosis and follow-up of non-islet cell @entity5 -induced @entity4053 (NICTH) and may be relevant to other diseases as well. RIA using an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide consisting of the first 21 @entity1522 of the E domain [E(68-88)] of @entity1 pro- @entity5100 cannot distinguish between E-peptide-containing big @entity5100 and cleaved E domain or fragments. We therefore developed and validated an ELISA that specifically detects big @entity5100 in plasma. METHODS: The ELISA used a solid-phase antibody to E(68-88) and a liquid-phase monoclonal @entity5100 antibody. Pro- @entity5100 purified from normal @entity1 plasma was used as a calibrator. Acid Sep-Pak C(18) extracts of plasma from NICTH @entity1 were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained for plasma samples from healthy individuals. In addition, blood specimens derived from dialyzed @entity1 with @entity177 , which contained relatively high concentrations of cleaved E domain or fragments, were studied. The results were validated by acid Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. RESULTS: Results from this ELISA indicated that the concentration of big @entity5100 in NICTH plasma was higher (mean +/- SD, 22.6 +/- 9.4 nmol/L) than in normal plasma (3.8 nmol/L). Conversely, the concentrations in pooled @entity6192 plasma (2.0 +/- 0.8 nmol/L) were low. Antibodies directed against either E(68-88) or E(13-134) of pro- @entity5100 could be used to detect these peptides in @entity5 tissue by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of quantifying pro- @entity5100 by ELISA in plasma represents a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of NICTH and should facilitate further in vitro and in vivo studies on its regulation and function in @entity1 .

title: Antibodies directed against the E region of pro-insulin-like growth factor-II used to evaluate non-islet cell @entity5 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Twenty ruminally cannulated beef heifers were fed a high @entity4336 grain diet in a randomized block design to determine the effect of three direct fed microbial (DFM) strains of Propionibacterium on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and @entity577 ( @entity578 ) emissions. The heifers were blocked in five groups on the basis of BW and used in five 28-day periods. Dietary treatments included (1) Control and three strains of Propionibacterium (2) P169, (3) P5, and (4) P54. Strains were administered directly into the rumen at 5 109 CFU with 10 g of a maltodextrin carrier in a gel capsule; Control heifers received carrier only. All heifers were fed the basal diet (10 : 90 forage to concentrate, dry matter basis). Rumen contents were collected on days 15 and 18, ruminal pH was measured continuously between days 15 and 22, enteric @entity578 emissions were measured between days 19 and 22 and diet digestibility was measured from days 25 to 28. Mean ruminal pH was 5.91 and was not affected by treatments. Similarly, duration of time that pH<5.8 and 5.6 was not affected by treatment. Likewise, total and major volatile @entity844 profiles were similar among all treatments. No effects were observed on dry matter intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients. Total enteric @entity578 production (g/day) was not affected by Propionibacterium strains and averaged 139 g/day. Similarly, mean @entity578 yield (g @entity578 /kg of dry matter intake) was similar for all the treatments. The relative abundance of total Propionibacteria in the rumen increased with administration of DFM and were greater 3 h post-dosing relative to Control, but returned to baseline levels before feeding. Populations of Propionibacterium P169 were higher at 3 and 9 h as compared with the levels at 0 h. In conclusion, moderate persistency of the inoculated strains within the ruminal microbiome and pre-existing high @entity4919 production due to elevated levels of starch fermentation might have reduced the efficacy of Propionibacterium strains to increase molar proportion of propionate and subsequently reduce @entity578 emissions.

title: Effects of Propionibacterium strains on ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibility and @entity577 emissions in beef cattle fed a XXXX grain finishing diet.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['corn']


abstract: @entity1779 constitute the leading source of morbidity and disability after cardiac operations. The incidence of @entity64 after coronary artery bypass grafting has increased in tandem with the mean age of the @entity1 population. Although many @entity1779 resolve with time, others remain sources of disability for otherwise functional @entity1 and detract from an otherwise successful procedure. The clinical spectrum of cerebral complications includes both @entity51 . @entity51 include fatal @entity131 , @entity64 , impaired level of consciousness, and @entity410 . The incidence of these deficits is 1% to 6%. @entity51 refer to cognitive changes, and are quantitated with tests of memory and learning and speed of visual-motor response. The incidence of these deficits is 60% to 80% at 1 week after operation and 20% to 40% at 8 weeks after operation. @entity149 after cardiac operations have been attributed in large part to the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the brain. Potential mechanisms include macroembolization of air or particulate matter; microembolization of gas, fat, aggregates of blood cells, platelets or fibrin, and particles of @entity1346 or @entity2634 tubing; and inadequate cerebral perfusion pressure. Methods of assessment include those applied during the procedure (clinical observation, assessment of cerebral blood flow and metabolism, intraoperative electroencephalography, transcranial and carotid Doppler echography, quantitative embolic measurement, and @entity941 angiography) and those performed to measure outcome (neurologic and neuropsychologic testing, computed tomographic scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid studies). Much of the literature regarding @entity131 and cardiopulmonary bypass is descriptive, relating @entity1 risk factors to the incidence of @entity64 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and cardiac operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylchloride']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic deficits', 'Neuropsychologic deficits', 'neurologic and neuropsychologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral complications', 'cerebral deficits']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Cerebral injury']


abstract: To compare the efficacy of endoscopic paravariceal sclerotherapy and oral @entity1169 in the prevention of recurrent @entity360 , 78 cirrhotic @entity1 were randomly assigned to either treatment after an endoscopically proven bleed from esophageal varices. After randomization, but before treatment had been started, a total of eight @entity1 had to be withdrawn from the study due to early rebleeding (requiring emergency sclerotherapy) or violations of the protocol. Among the 70 @entity1 analyzed (36 sclerotherapy, 34 @entity1169 ), both treatment groups were comparable with respect to demographic, clinical and laboratory data. The groups also did not differ with respect to continued @entity167 intake. Sclerotherapy was performed twice weekly using 1% @entity5324 as the sclerosing agent until the varices were eradicated or well-covered by fibrous tissue. @entity1169 was given twice daily at a dose reducing the resting heart rate by 25% (60 to 320 mg per day; mean +/- SD = 161 +/- 80 mg per day). @entity1 were followed for up to 2 years with visits at 3 monthly intervals (mean follow-up = sclerotherapy, 14 months; @entity1169 , 9.2 months). Life table analysis of @entity1 without rebleeding from nonvariceal sites revealed a tendency in favor of @entity1169 ; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant difference was observed between sclerotherapy and @entity1169 in the proportion of @entity1 rebleeding from esophageal varices or from all sources of @entity360 . Furthermore, survival was similar in both treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevention of recurrent bleeding in cirrhotics with recent variceal hemorrhage: prospective, randomized comparison of XXXX and sclerotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1169 :: (MESH:D011433,Chemical) :: ['propranolol']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity2299 (increased @entity412 and low high-density lipoprotein [HDL] levels, with normal or slightly increased total @entity165 levels) is a common characteristic of type 2 diabetics and a major risk factor for @entity65 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy of @entity2993 in a cohort of type 2 diabetics. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were divided into 3 groups on the basis of whether they had evidence of @entity583 or @entity301 (group A), a family history of @entity1007 (and/or @entity65 ) and total @entity165 levels constantly above 270 mg/dL in blood samples taken at regular 4-month intervals and previously never at target level (group B), or clinical and/or instrumental (electrocardiogram) evidence of cardiovascular risk (group C). Their mean age was 64 +/- 7 years, known disease duration 0.5 +/- 3 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.7 +/- 1.3 Kg/m2, and haemoglobin A1c 8 +/- 0.6%. Total @entity165 was 256 +/- 24 mg/dL in group A, 298 +/- 25 mg/dL in group B and 244 +/- 31 mg/dL in group C (p < 0.05: group B vs groups A and C). HDL- @entity165 (HDL-C) was 45 +/- 7 mg/dL, @entity1674 225 +/- 20 mg/dL, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) respectively 144 +/- 7 and 85 +/- 8 mmHg, @entity2002 330 +/- 23 mg/dL and microalbuminuria 58 +/- 9 mg/L. Eighteen months' @entity2993 treatment (10 mg/day in 106 subjects, 20 mg in 14 subjects, 30 mg in 5 subjects, and 40 mg in 30 subjects) led to a significant decrease in total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 and @entity412 levels (p < 0.01), with about 86% of the @entity1 achieving target levels, and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in HDL-C. There was a significant decrease in @entity2002 , microalbuminuria and DBP (p < 0.01), without any change in diet, BMI, physical activity or antihypertensive treatment. No new cardiovascular events or hospital admissions due to @entity65 were recorded during the 18 months of the study. CONCLUSIONS: These long-term treatment findings confirm and validate previous medium-term results, and suggest that @entity2993 therapy is effective and safe in the primary and secondary prevention of @entity65 in type 2 @entity6 .

title: Long-term (18-month) efficacy of XXXX therapy in type 2 diabetics at cardiovascular risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases', 'cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate if serum @entity4483 protein levels could early detect cerebral complications under treatment extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). METHODS: Serum @entity4483 levels were measured over 5 days in 32 @entity1 with cardiogenic and @entity326 , including 15 @entity1 who treated by ECMO and 17 who did not. Cerebral complications included @entity548 , @entity64 , @entity75 with @entity2045 , and @entity1620 . @entity933 was identified by the positive Confusion Assessment Method in the ICU. RESULTS: @entity4483 levels were elevated in 24/32 @entity1 (75 %) at ICU admission. Five @entity1 developed cerebral complications (2 hemorrhages with 1 @entity1620 , 1 @entity75 with @entity2045 in the ECMO group and 2 @entity64 in the non-ECMO group). At day 5, @entity4483 levels were higher in the 5 @entity1 with cerebral complications than in the 27 without cerebral complications, regardless of ECMO (0.426 [0.421, 0.652] vs. 0.102 [0.085, 0.135]  g/L, p = 0.011). @entity4483 levels were also more elevated in 3 @entity1 with than in 12 without cerebral complications associated with ECMO (0.799 [0.325, 0.965] vs. 0.102 [0.09, 0.607]  g/L, p = 0.033). @entity4483 levels were not associated with @entity933 after sedation withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement serum @entity4483 could be useful to detect cerebral complications in deeply sedated @entity1 associated with ECMO but not for monitoring @entity933 after sedation withdrawal.

title: Serum XXXX protein could help to detect cerebral complications associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100B']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can cause damage to the epithelia of the respiratory tract. However, @entity2226 can protect the lung tissue from such oxidant-induced @entity32 . This study examined the effects of a LPS treatment on the intracellular @entity460 levels ([ @entity141 ]i) as well as the specific mechanisms of LPS-induced cell death in pneumocytes. In addition, the effects of @entity2226 on the LPS-induced increase in the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in pneumocytes were investigated. The [ @entity141 ]i in cultured pneumocytes was determined using microfluorescence techniques. The level of activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and @entity589 protein were measured by Western blotting. LPS at 10 and 100 ng/ml induced cell death and decreased the viability of MRC-5 cells. Moreover, the intracellular @entity141 and ROS levels were increased by LPS. The LPS treatment led to the phosphorylation of @entity1366 , @entity4675 and the activation of @entity589 . A pretreatment with 20 mM @entity2226 reduced the LPS-induced production of ROS and MARK activity. These results show that a LPS treatment induces cell death in MRC-5 cells by increasing the intracellular ROS and @entity141 levels. The increase in the intracellular level of ROS promotes MAPKs activation and @entity589 translocation. Overall, LPS induces lung cell death by activating MAPKs. Furthermore, @entity2226 decreased the LPS-induced generation of ROS and activation of MAPK and @entity589 .

title: The antioxidant, XXXX reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced generation of ROS, and activation of MAPKs and @entity589 in cultured pneumocytes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity2226 :: (MESH:D013654,Chemical) :: ['taurine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19316 has been considered an effective agent in treating @entity528 /reperfusion injury, but the mechanism of its therapeutic effect remains unclear. This study was to explore the therapeutic time window and mechanism of @entity19316 on temporary focal @entity2806 /reperfusion injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity2500 was conducted in male @entity35 and 20 mg/kg of @entity19316 was intraperitoneally injected at different time points. At 72 h after reperfusion, all animals' @entity51 scores were evaluated. Cerebrums were removed and cerebral infarction volume was measured. The expression of thioredoxin and @entity23538 mRNA was determined at 6 and 24 h after reperfusion. RESULTS: @entity385 scores were significantly decreased in the group with @entity19316 treatment. The expression of @entity42459 / @entity25241 and @entity62013 / @entity36156 was significantly decreased in @entity35 with @entity63 /reperfusion injury, while it was increased by @entity19316 administration. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity19316 , within 4 h after reperfusion, protects the brain from @entity5721 in @entity35 . The neuroprotective mechanism of @entity19316 treatment is, in part, mediated through the upregulation of thioredoxin transcription.

title: Protective effect of tetraethyl pyrazine against focal XXXX /reperfusion injury in @entity35 : therapeutic time window and its mechanism.

entities_list: @entity19316 :: ('MESH:C017953', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetramethyl pyrazine', 'tetramethyl pyrazine']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['Middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neurons ischemia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction volume and neurological deficit']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Asymptomatic @entity299 Pilot (ACIP) study showed that revascularization is more effective than medical therapy in suppressing @entity299 at 12 weeks. This report compares the relative efficacy of coronary angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery in suppressing ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) and treadmill exercise @entity299 between 2 and 3 months after revascularization in the ACIP study. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery relieve @entity951 early after the procedure in a high proportion of selected @entity1 . However, alleviation of @entity63 on the ambulatory ECG and treadmill exercise test have not been adequately studied prospectively after revascularization. METHODS: In @entity1 randomly assigned to revascularization in the ACIP study, the choice of coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery was made by the clinical unit staff and the @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 assigned to bypass surgery (n = 78) had more severe @entity301 (p = 0.001) and more @entity63 episodes (p = 0.01) at baseline than those assigned to angioplasty (n = 92). Ambulatory ECG @entity63 was no longer present 8 weeks after revascularization (12 weeks after enrollment) in 70% of the bypass surgery group versus 46% of the angioplasty group (p = 0.002). ST segment @entity308 on the exercise ECG was no longer present in 46% of the bypass surgery group versus 23% of the angioplasty group (p = 0.005). Total exercise time in minutes on the treadmill exercise test increased by 2.4 min after bypass surgery and by 1.4 min after angioplasty (p = 0.02). Only 10% of the bypass surgery group versus 32% of the angioplasty group still reported @entity951 in the 4 weeks before the 12-week visit (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity951 and ambulatory ECG @entity63 are relieved in a high proportion of @entity1 early after revascularization. However, @entity63 can still be induced on the treadmill exercise test, albeit at higher levels of exercise, in many @entity1 . Bypass surgery was superior to coronary angioplasty in suppressing @entity299 despite the finding that @entity1 who underwent bypass surgery had more severe @entity453 .

title: Asymptomatic @entity299 Pilot (ACIP) study: effects of coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass graft surgery on recurrent @entity951 and XXXX . The ACIP investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia', 'Cardiac Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity10914 (hereafter @entity10914 ) is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that participates in @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone gene expression and in proliferation of the cells that produce these hormones. In this study, we determined the @entity377 sequence of porcine @entity10914 cDNA, which shows high homology (95%) with the known @entity1 @entity10914 s. Some differences in @entity535 sequence were found in the @entity1472 terminal region, but the POU-specific and POU-homeo domains were well conserved. Porcine anterior pituitary cells in primary culture were treated for 24 h with @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ), @entity1928 and @entity4621 ( @entity865 ). These agents stimulated progressive secretion of @entity2124 into the culture media. The levels of @entity10914 , @entity2124 , @entity1178 and @entity1639 mRNAs were examined using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Stimulation with @entity7704 for 2 h increased the @entity10914 mRNA level 3-fold. This response was transient, as the level returned to the control level after 6 h. @entity1928 and @entity865 evoked similar increases, but their effects appeared after 30 min and reached their maxima after 2 h. In contrast, @entity7704 and @entity1928 , but not @entity865 , increased the @entity2124 mRNA level 2-fold after 24 h. The @entity1178 mRNA level showed no significant change in response to these agents over 24 h and @entity7704 and @entity865 increased the @entity1639 mRNA level 1.4 and 2.3-fold, respectively, after 30 min. These results suggest that increasing @entity10914 mRNA level in response to @entity7704 plays a role in the early event of the @entity2124 gene expression or with the assistance of other transcription factors that modulate @entity2124 gene. Furthermore, the @entity7704 -induced increase in @entity1639 mRNA level by @entity7704 and @entity865 did not appear to be participated straightforward in the @entity2124 gene expression, suggesting that @entity1639 alone is insufficient to the activation.

title: Molecular cloning of XXXX cDNA from porcine anterior pituitary and its involvement in pituitary stimulation by @entity2124 -releasing factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GH-releasing factor', 'GRF']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity10914 :: (5449,Gene) :: ['pit-1']


abstract: A case of @entity3017 ( @entity3017 ) in a 2 month-old male @entity1 with incomplete @entity11123 is presented. Clinical examination disclosed left @entity11122 , @entity11124 , bilateral exophthalmos, and enlargement of the left testis. Imaging with ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a well-defined, heterogeneous, and grossly cystic mass arising from the head of the pancreas. Serum @entity160 ( @entity160 ) level was elevated. The @entity5 was completely resected, and the histological analysis showed @entity3017 . The @entity1 's recovery was uneventful, and @entity160 returned to normal values after surgery. The @entity1 has been disease-free for 5 years, and his serum @entity160 remained within normal values. Six other examples of this association, @entity3017 , and @entity11123 are recorded in the literature. The risk of developing @entity5 in this syndrome (complete and incomplete form) increases when @entity11122 is present, and the need for routine screening examination is warranted. @entity11123 was suggested to be a favorable biological marker for survival in @entity1 who have intraabdominal @entity5 .

title: @entity3017 associated with incomplete XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity11122 :: ('MESH:C563014', 'Disease') :: ['hemihypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastoma', 'PB']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity11124 :: ('MESH:D008260', 'Disease') :: ['macroglossia']

answer: @entity11123 :: (MESH:D001506,Disease) :: ['Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome']


abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this article is to conduct an evidence-based systematic review on the accuracy of pure-tone or otoacoustic emission (OAE) screening for identifying @entity393 in preschool- and school-age @entity1 . Method: A systematic search of the literature published between 1975 and 2013 was conducted. Articles meeting the selection criteria were critically appraised for quality. Selection criteria required that behavioral thresholds be measured in @entity1 failing the screen and in at least a subset of @entity1 passing the screen. Sensitivity and specificity were used to calculate positive and negative likelihood ratios that could be compared between instruments. Results: Eighteen studies were included in the final analysis. There was considerable variability among studies on stimulus levels, response criteria, and definition of @entity393 . Approximately half of positive and negative likelihood ratio pairs for OAEs (52%) and pure-tone screening (45%) were considered suggestive or informative for identifying @entity393 . Conclusions: Both pure-tone and OAE screening can identify @entity393 in preschool- and school-age @entity1 . Studies that compared both tools in the same population concluded that pure-tone screening had higher sensitivity than OAE screening and thus was considered the preferred tool. Future research should incorporate standard stimulus levels, response criteria, and definitions of @entity393 .

title: An Evidence-Based Systematic Review on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Hearing Screening Instruments for Preschool- and School-Age XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of isolated @entity101 (ISH) and associated risk of major cardiovascular events. The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective population survey with cardiovascular examinations at 5-year intervals. Blood pressure measurement was carried out as office blood pressure. ISH was defined as @entity13519 > or = 160 mmHg and @entity13520 < 90 mm Hg. The risk of @entity64 and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in association with ISH was assessed using a multivariate Cox regression model. Follow-up was carried out by means of the National @entity1 Register and Death Register. The 19,698 subjects were randomly selected after age stratification from an area of central Copenhagen. Subjects (n = 6621) were included if > or = 50 years, not on anti- @entity101 or cardiac medicine, and had no history of a previous @entity64 or @entity583 . Initial cases of verified @entity64 or @entity583 were recorded from 1976 to 1988. The prevalence of ISH showed an age-related increase from 3% in the 55-year olds to 13% in the 72-year olds. No sex difference was found. Relative risk of @entity64 corrected for other risk factors was 3.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.3) for @entity1 and 2.7 (1.8-4.3) for @entity1 . This was the highest relative risk among all @entity101 groups. Relative risk of @entity583 corrected for other risk factors was 0.8 (0.3-2.0) for @entity1 and 1.6 (1.0-2.5) for @entity1 . Population attributable risk for @entity64 associated with ISH is up to 30%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Isolated XXXX as a major risk factor for @entity64 and @entity583 and an unexploited source of cardiovascular prevention: a prospective population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['systolic hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['systolic hypertension']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with a low-grade fever, dry cough and @entity1353 on exertion as the chief complaints. She had been a professional shiitake mushroom grower for 50 years. Three years before visiting our hospital, she had been suspected of having @entity56 as a result of chest X-ray examination, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy performed at another clinic. No antigens were identified at that time, but @entity617 was administered. On admission to our hospital, chest radiography and chest computed tomography revealed an interstitial shadow with subpleural honey-combing in both lower lung fields. After steroid pulse therapy, @entity1353 on exertion and @entity519 improved moderately. Because of recurrence of the @entity1353 , however, she was admitted on four separate occasions. On the second admission, an increase in lymphocytes was found by bronchoalveolar lavage, and septal lymphocytic infiltration accompanying @entity82 was demonstrated by transbronchial lung biopsy. On the fourth admission, a detailed immunological examination and an environmental survey were performed. The environmental provocation test yielded clinical symptoms similar to those experienced at the mushroom farm. Furthermore, tests of precipitation and lymphocyte proliferation in response to shiitake mushroom extracts were positive. Finally a diagnosis of chronic @entity56 induced by shiitake mushrooms was confirmed.

title: [A case of chronic XXXX induced by shiitake mushroom spores].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The presence of @entity311 parasites and histopathological changes in the placenta are associated with a reduction in birth weight, principally due to intrauterine growth restriction. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of studying early pregnancy placental volumes using three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in a @entity311 endemic area, as a small volume in the second trimester may be an indicator of intra-uterine growth restriction and @entity2431 . METHODS: Placenta volumes were acquired using a portable ultrasound machine and a 3D ultrasound transducer and estimated using the Virtual Organ Computer-aided AnaLysis (VOCAL) image analysis software package. Intra-observer reliability and limits of agreement of the placenta volume measurements were calculated. Polynomial regression models for the mean and standard deviation as a function of gestational age for the placental volumes of uninfected @entity1 were created and tested. Based on these equations each measurement was converted into a z -score. The z-scores of the placental volumes of @entity311 infected and uninfected @entity1 were then compared. RESULTS: Eighty-four @entity1 (uninfected = 65; infected = 19) with a posterior placenta delivered congenitally normal, live born, single babies. The mean placental volumes in the uninfected @entity1 were modeled to fit 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th and 95th centiles for 14-24 weeks' gestation. Most placenta volumes in the infected @entity1 were below the 50th centile for gestational age; most of those with @entity3964 were below the 10th centile. The 95% intra-observer limits of agreement for first and second measurements were    37.0 mL and    25.4 mL at 30 degrees and 15 degrees rotation respectively. CONCLUSION: The new technique of 3D ultrasound volumetry of the placenta may be useful to improve our understanding of the pathophysiological constraints on foetal growth caused by @entity281 in early pregnancy.

title: Effect of XXXX on placental volume measured using three-dimensional ultrasound: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To define the baseline respiratory function in untreated severe gestational proteinuric @entity101 (GPH) and (2) to assess the effects of volume expansion with dextran (MW = 70,000 Dalton) and subsequent vasodilatation with the @entity460 antagonist @entity1855 on the baseline respiratory function in severe GPH. DESIGN: Prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Reproductive Research Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Six @entity1 with severe GPH undergoing stabilization and delivery. INTERVENTIONS: Baseline haemodynamic and respiratory function was assessed using invasive monitoring. @entity1 then underwent volume expansion to a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 16 mmHg with dextran-70, followed by vasodilatation with the @entity460 antagonist @entity1855 . Haemodynamic and respiratory variables were measured, before and after both the fluid load and the reduction (20%) in the mean arterial pressure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary vascular resistance, respiratory rate, blood gases, alveolar arterial @entity26 difference, @entity26 availability, @entity26 consumption, @entity358 . RESULTS: Baseline @entity26 availability/delivery and @entity26 consumption indices were consistent with severe tissue ischaemia. Volume loading with 400 +/- 114 ml dextran-70 normalized these variables, and subsequent vasodilatation with @entity1855 did not reduce these indices below the normal limits for pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: These data support the theory that some of the complications of severe GPH may follow organ damage due to prolonged tissue ischaemia. They also support the appropriateness of controlled volume expansion in the management of this condition. We suggest, from these data, that the combination of volume expansion and @entity1855 vasodilatation lowers the blood pressure without compromising the maternal respiratory function.

title: Respiratory function in severe gestational proteinuric @entity101 : the effects of rapid volume expansion and subsequent vasodilatation with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary shunt fraction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: The microRNA-34 family (miR-34a, -34b and -34c) have been reported to be @entity5 suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by the @entity876 and DNA hypermethylation. However, the expression, regulation, and prognostic value of the @entity7762 family have not been systematically studied in @entity694 . To elucidate the roles of @entity7762 family in @entity694 , miR-34a/b/c were measured in @entity5 and adjacent noncancerous tissues from 159 American and 113 Chinese @entity694 @entity1 using quantitative RT-PCR, and we examined associations between miR-34a/b/c expression with @entity2802 staging, @entity5 -specific mortality, @entity876 mutation status and Affymetrix microarray data. All @entity7762 family members were significantly increased in @entity694 , counter to the proposed @entity5 suppressor role for these miRNAs. Increased @entity27579 /c were observed in more @entity5 in two independent cohorts and increased expression of @entity27579 /c was associated with poor @entity5 -specific mortality. While the expression of @entity7762 family was not associated with @entity876 mutation status, @entity876 transcriptional activity was associated with miR-34a/b/c expression that is consistent with the proposed regulation of miR-34a/b/c by @entity876 . To examine where the @entity7762 family is expressed, the expression of @entity7762 family was compared between epitheliums and stromal tissues using laser microdissection technique. The expression of @entity27579 /c was increased significantly in stromal tissues, especially in @entity5 stroma, compared with epithelial tissue. In conclusion, increased @entity27579 /c predominantly expressed in stromal tissues is associated with poor prognosis in @entity694 . @entity7762 may contribute to @entity5 -stromal interaction associated with @entity694 progression.

title: Increased @entity27579 and -34c Predominantly Expressed in Stromal Tissues Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in XXXX @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early prediction of expected recovery in @entity64 can help in planning appropriate medical and rehabilitation interventions. Recovery of ambulation is one of the essential endpoints in @entity64 rehabilitation. However, the correlation of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) with clinical parameters and their predictive significance are not clearly defined. We aimed to examine the association between tibial nerve SSEP and ambulatory outcomes in subacute @entity64 @entity1 . We reviewed medical records for @entity2795 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 who received inpatient rehabilitation from January 2009 to May 2013. We excluded @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity1688 , @entity66 , @entity75 , those aged over 80years, and those with severe @entity85 . Tibial nerve SSEP were performed when they were transferred to the rehabilitation department. SSEP findings were divided into three groups; normal, abnormal and absent response. Berg balance scale and functional ambulation category (FAC) at discharge were compared with initial tibial SSEP findings using one-way analysis of variance. Thirty-one @entity2795 @entity1 were included. Berg balance scale and FAC were significantly different according to the SSEP (P<0.001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference between normal and absent response in Berg balance scale (P<0.001) and FAC (P<0.001), and between abnormal and absent response in Berg balance scale (P=0.012) and FAC (P=0.019). Functional outcomes of the normal response group were better than the abnormal response group, but there was no statistical significance. These findings suggest that initial tibial nerve SSEP may be a useful biomarker for prognosticating functional outcomes in @entity2795 @entity1 .

title: Tibial somatosensory evoked potential can prognosticate for ambulatory function in subacute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiplegic stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral lesions']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal problems']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['hemiplegic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the zoographic and echocardiographic characteristics of @entity235 @entity1 in which systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) was identified in association with @entity101 ( @entity101 ). ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records and digitally recorded echocardiographic examinations were reviewed for @entity101 and two-dimensional (2DE) or M-mode echocardiographic evidence of SAM. RESULTS: @entity3874 was identified in association with RSVH in 9 @entity1 ; 5 had @entity849 , 2 had tetralogy of Fallot and 2, @entity120 . Relative to body weight, the end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular dimensions were subnormal in all @entity1 . @entity1002 performance was identified in 8 of 9 @entity1 . In 5 of the 9 @entity1 , SAM was mild or moderate in degree. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and @entity339 were documented by Doppler studies in only 3 of the 4 @entity1 with marked SAM. However, late systolic acceleration within the LVOT was recorded in 2 additional @entity1 for whom peak velocities were normal. CONCLUSIONS: In the cases described here, the presence of SAM is likely explained by alterations in left ventricular geometry and function associated with diminished pulmonary venous return together with sympathetic activation resulting from @entity64 . Although the hemodynamic consequences were apparently minor, the association of SAM with right-sided @entity299 might be of interest to those engaged in the practice of veterinary echocardiography.

title: Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve associated with @entity101 in 9 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['subnormal stroke volume']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular systolic hypertension', 'RVSH']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperdynamic left ventricular systolic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of @entity384 combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for palliation of @entity1282 due to malignant esophagogastric junction strictures. METHODS: Fluoroscopically guided @entity384 was attempted in 20 @entity1 . The causes of strictures were @entity356 (n = 10) and @entity1721 (n = 10). Scheduled chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy followed @entity384 in all @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no technical failures or major complications. After @entity384 , 15 (75%) @entity1 showed improvement of @entity1282 . No @entity1 complained of @entity354 during the follow-up period. Among the 15 @entity1 , seven needed no further treatment for palliation of @entity1282 until their deaths. The remaining eight @entity1 underwent repeat @entity384 (n = 4) or stent placement (n = 4) 3-43 weeks (mean 15 weeks) after the @entity384 because of recurrent @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy seems to be an easy and reasonably effective palliative treatment for malignant esophagogastric strictures.

title: Malignant esophagogastric junction obstruction: efficacy of XXXX combined with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'initial balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilation']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) could be an additional risk factor for the clinical outcomes in different populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of @entity3657 on @entity1 with @entity2316 . METHODS: 362 @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 were followed-up for a mean 4.8 years grouped by ankle brachial index (ABI) (<0.9 vs.    0.9) and @entity633 (with or without). Primary and secondary outcomes were composite events (all-cause mortality, hospitalization for @entity453 , @entity64 , re-vascularization, amputation, and @entity6 ) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Inter-group differences in duration of @entity6 , glycated hemoglobin, @entity1011 , and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significant. During the follow-up period, 53 composite events were recorded (14.7%) and 13 (3.5%) individuals died. Subjects with @entity633 plus ABI<0.9 had higher risk of composite events than those with @entity633 but normal ABI (p<0.05). The only trend difference between the two groups was in all-cause mortality. @entity633 plus ABI <0.9 was associated with risk of composite events (hazard ratio [HR] 4.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.77-9.92, p=0.001) and all-cause mortality (HR 17.77, 95% CI 1.93-162.20, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3657 might be an additional risk factor for adverse outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2316 . Further prospective data are required to validate this conclusion.

title: The ankle brachial index is associated with prognosis in XXXX with @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease', 'PAD']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In a phase II study, @entity1 with refractory @entity1582 were treated with a combination chemotherapy ( @entity26010 regimen): @entity2664 (bolus injection of 4 mg/m2 on days 1-4), @entity1891 (continuous infusion of 0.4 mg/24 h on days 1-4) and @entity229 (250 mg/d on days 1-4 and 17-20). The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. Ninety-two @entity1 were treated after they were found refractory to treatment with melphalan and @entity229 (and occasionally @entity1891 ) (n = 50) or more intensive treatment regimens (n = 42) including @entity8253 (n = 18). Response (greater than or equal to 50% reduction of M protein) was obtained in 23 @entity1 and minor response (clinical improvement but less than 50% reduction in M protein) in 22 @entity1 . The median duration of the response was 7.5 months. Equal response rates were observed irrespective of the type of previous treatment. The major @entity137 was myelosuppression with severe @entity3028 and @entity281 . However, the frequency decreased throughout the cycles. The @entity26010 treatment is recommended in refractory @entity1582 , especially in @entity1 refractory to other intensive regimens. @entity1 in a poor clinical condition or with @entity882 before treatment should have a reduced @entity2664 dose in the first treatment cycles.

title: Refractory @entity1582 treated with @entity2664 in combination with @entity1891 and XXXX ( @entity26010 -regimen): a phase II study. The @entity1582 Study Group (NMSG)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myelomatosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The outcome of @entity1 with @entity201 is poor. To evaluate the experience in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity201 , we investigated the status quo of diagnosis and treatment of @entity201 in China. METHOD: The clinical data of 680 @entity1 with @entity201 treated at 8 hospitals from 1995 to 2001 were retrospectively analyzed with SPSS software package. RESULTS: The incidence of the @entity5 was the highest in the age group of 60-65 years. Meanwhile, the incidence was higher in aged @entity1 than in aged @entity1 , with a male to female ratio of 1.39:1. @entity201 was the commonest (41.6%) and distant @entity201 the second (28.7%) in the 680 @entity1 . B-mode ultrasonography for @entity201 was performed in 80.3% of the @entity1 . Non-traumatic examinations such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance image (MRI) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) were more widely used than that of traumatic examinations such as percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The low- and middle-differentiation @entity5 of the proximal bile duct accounted for about 50%. Most of the @entity1 suffered from @entity5 . The resection rate of the @entity5 was low, and the rate of radical operation was only 21.6% (147/680). CONCLUSIONS: @entity201 is common in the aged @entity1 . Its diagnosis and treatment have been improved, but little. Most @entity1 are diagnosed as having @entity5 at the time of outpatient clinic, and the rate of radical operation is low. Therefore, it is necessary to reinforce the early diagnosis and treatment of @entity201 to improve the outcome after operation.

title: An analysis of 680 cases of XXXX from 8 hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma', 'Proximal cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'late-stage cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that vein storage in normal saline leads to significant mechanical morphological, and biochemical aberrations. However, little information is available regarding the functional damage that occurs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of saline storage on venous smooth muscle and endothelial function. Segments of ten external jugular veins from male New Zealand White @entity95 were placed nondistended in either modified Krebs solution at 37 degrees C (Krebs-stored, KS) or heparinized normal saline at room temperature (saline-stored, SS) for 1 h. Segments 4 mm in length were then simultaneously studied in vitro under isometric tension. There was no difference in maximum tension or sensitivity to either @entity1812 or @entity112 . @entity934 -induced relaxation in KS segments was not significantly different from relaxation in a historical cohort of nonstored segments (nonstored 87.4 +/- 1.0% vs. KS 84.5 +/- 2.0%; p = NS). However, there were significant attenuations in SS segment endothelium-dependent relaxation in response to both @entity934 (KS 84.5 +/- 2.0% vs. SS 76.4 +/- 2.7%, p less than 0.02) and @entity857 (KS 47.9 +/- 2.9% vs. SS 40.6 +/- 3.7%, p less than 0.002). Relaxant responses to @entity1854 (endothelium-independent) were not significantly different in the two groups (KS 94.6 +/- 1.6% vs. SS 95.7 +/- 2.2%; p = NS). Electron microscopic evaluation of SS segments revealed endothelial cell disruption with cellular @entity4 and loss of intact junctions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Functional and morphologic endothelial damage in XXXX external jugular veins stored in heparinized normal saline.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity9800 is a natural product derived from the Oriental tree Camptotheca acuminata which has shown activity in a number of experimental @entity5 . Its clinical development was halted in the early-70s owing to its unpredictable and formidable @entity137 . Two water-soluble @entity9800 analogs have been synthesized recently and are currently in clinical trials: topotecan and @entity2600 . @entity9800 and its derivatives are unique in that they represent the only family of topoisomerase I inhibitors. Topoisomerase I is a nuclear enzyme which modulates the topological structure of DNA by making transient single-stranded breaks. Pre-clinical studies have shown that @entity2600 and topotecan possess high and broad antitumor activity against a variety of experimental @entity5 including both @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and @entity151 . Lack of cross-resistance with most classical anticancer agents has been also demonstrated. Phase I studies have identified @entity1398 to be the dose-limiting @entity137 for topotecan while, for @entity2600 , either @entity1398 or @entity294 were dose-limiting. Maximum Tolerated Doses (MTD) of both agents are greatly dependent upon the schedule used. A Phase II Japanese study of @entity2600 in advanced untreated @entity1149 has been recently published. Given at the dose of 100 mg/m2 as a 90-min infusion, @entity2600 produced a 32% objective response rate out of 72 assessable untreated @entity1 . Similar studies are in progress with topotecan. The same Japanese group has completed Phase I-II studies on the combination of @entity2600 with @entity900 . The optimal dose of @entity2600 , which can be safely combined with @entity900 80 mg/m2, was found to be 60 mg/m2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity9800 analogues in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin', 'Camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The mixed (D1 and D2) @entity935 agonist @entity3826 was injected (10-200 micrograms/kg, s.c.) to @entity5434 before and after they were rendered @entity191 by @entity5212 ( @entity5212 ). Motor behavior was examined together with corresponding neuronal activity in the external (GPe) and internal ( @entity37727 ) segments of the globus pallidus, including a small population of neurons localized within the GPe and displaying a characteristic discharge at low frequency with bursts (LFB), and border (Bor) neurons localized at the periphery of the pallidal segments. In the intact animal strong but not weak doses of the drug induced generalized @entity2146 without apparent neuronal effects. In 1 @entity191 animal that showed some recuperation of normal behavioral and pallidal activity, weak doses induced @entity2146 and partly reduced the signs of @entity304 , again without apparent neuronal effects. The same results were obtained before day 21 after @entity5212 in a @entity191 monkey that did not recuperate. After day 21, however, the drug acted at a shorter latency, completely abolished the signs of @entity304 , induced @entity910 , increasing with repetition of injections, and clear neuronal effects. The same results were obtained from the start in another monkey in which recordings were begun 398 days after @entity5212 . Nearly all @entity37727 neurons decreased their firing rate following @entity3826 . The reverse was true of the predominant neuronal population in the GPe. In both cases, the intensity of the changes in firing rate varied much between neurons following the same dose of @entity3826 . When the changes in firing rate were moderate or null, abnormal bursting firing patterns were normalized. Both LFB and Bor neurons decreased their firing rate following @entity3826 ; LFB neurons being extremely sensitive. The selective D2 agonist @entity49358 induced behavioral and neuronal effects identical to those of @entity3826 .

title: Effects of XXXX agonists on the spontaneous activity of globus pallidus neurons in monkeys with @entity5212 -induced @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity5212 :: ('MESH:D015632', 'Chemical') :: ['MPTP', '1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity161 or @entity161 -like illnesses continue to experience symptoms in spite of medication. In addition to medication, creative therapies, such as art therapy, may be helpful. Art therapy allows exploration of the @entity1 's inner world in a non-threatening way through a therapeutic relationship and the use of art materials. It was mainly developed in adult @entity146 inpatient units and was designed for use with @entity1 for whom verbal psychotherapy would be impossible. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for @entity161 compared with standard care and other psychosocial interventions. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated the search of the Cochrane @entity161 Group's Register (February 2005), hand searched reference lists and 'Inscape' (the Journal of the British Association of Art Therapists), and contacted relevant authors. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised controlled trials that compared art therapy with standard care or other psychosocial interventions for @entity161 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reliably selected, quality assessed and extracted data from the studies. We excluded data where more than 50% of @entity1 in any group were lost to follow up. For continuous outcomes we calculated a weighted mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. For binary outcomes we calculated a fixed effects risk ratio (RR), its 95% confidence interval (CI) and a number needed to treat (NNT). MAIN RESULTS: The search identified 61 reports but only two studies (total n=137) met the inclusion criteria. Both compared art therapy plus standard care with standard care alone. More @entity1 completed the therapy if allocated to the art therapy group compared with standard care in the short (n=90, 1 RCT, RR 0.97 CI 0.41 to 2.29), medium (n=47, 1 RCT, RR 0.34 CI 0.15 to 0.80) and long term (n=47, 1 RCT, RR 0.96 CI 0.57 to 1.60). Data from one mental state measure ( @entity12269 ) showed a small but significant difference favouring the art-therapy group (n=73, 1 RCT, WMD -2.3 CI -4.10 to -0.5). In the short term, a measure of social functioning (SFS) showed no clear difference between groups in endpoint scores (n=70, 1 RCT, WMD 7.20 CI -2.53 to 16.93) and quality of life, as measured by the PerQoL, did not indicate effects of art therapy (n=74, 1 RCT, WMD 0.1 CI -2.7 to 0.47). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Randomised studies are possible in this field. Further evaluation of the use of art therapy for serious mental illnesses is needed as its benefits or harms remain unclear.

title: Art therapy for XXXX or @entity161 -like illnesses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1694 , or inflammatory vitiligo with raised borders is a unique subset of @entity1694 presenting with scattered depigmented, @entity11782 patches surrounded by a raised, @entity8668 . Alternative diagnoses include @entity9821 and @entity784 . PURPOSE: To properly guide treatment, it is important to exclude other conditions that present with a similar pattern of depigmentation. This requires the ability to identify specific cutaneous and histologic clues that support this diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 22 year-old @entity1 presented with a history of depigmented, @entity11782 patches and surrounding raised, @entity8668 . Several areas of depigmentation on the scalp were associated with @entity1665 . Punch biopsy of the rim of a patch was performed and sent for routine @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining and direct immunofluorescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Histopathology revealed a @entity1909 with superficial dermal lymphocytic infiltrate and eosinophils; @entity310 demonstrated no immunoreactants. A diagnosis of inflammatory vitiligo with raised borders was thus made based on consistent clinical and histopathologic features. The symptoms improved with topical clobetasol 0.05% cream twice daily.

title: XXXX : an unusual depigmenting disorder.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous border', 'erythematous borders']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9821 :: ('MESH:D008179', 'Disease') :: ['discoid lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo vulgaris', 'Marginal vitiligo']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['spongiotic dermatitis']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['Marginal vitiligo']


abstract: A set of monozygotic triplets (PE.K., P.K., S.K.) has been studied. There is no @entity6 in first-degree relatives. PE.K. developed insulin-requiring (60 U. NPH) @entity6 at the age of 13 years. Over a period of 11 years since that time, numerous studies of insulin and @entity2124 secretion were performed on P.K. and S.K., including multiple oral @entity413 tolerance tests (OGTTs), @entity821 -primed oral @entity413 tolerance tests (C-OGTTs), intravenous @entity413 tolerance tests (IVGTTs), and intravenous @entity11243 tests (IVTTs). The results of each test were compared with age- and sex-matched control subjects. P. K. developed insulin-requiring (56 U. NPH) @entity6 after remaining discordant for eight years. @entity413 , insilin, and @entity2124 responses during all tests were normal except during the IVGTT performed four months prior to the onset of @entity6 . This last IVGTT revealed a @entity413 disappearance rate of 0.98 per cent per minute, and the slope of the regression line of serum-insulin response (IRI) on blood @entity413 (BG) was markedly decreased to 0.005 micronU./ml. IRI/mg./dl. BG (controls 0.340 +/- 0.04; mean +/- S.E.M.). The insulin responses in P.K. and S.K. were similar during all OGTTs, C-OGTTs, and IVTTs. S.K. has continued to maintain normal @entity413 tolerance and normal insulin and @entity2124 responses during all tests. The histocompability antigen studies have revealed HLA-A2, AW24, @entity37240 , and BW40 phenotype in these monozygotic triplets. Muscle capillary basement membranes of the nondiabetic triplet were normal, whereas both diabetic triplets manifested evidence of @entity631 . The clinical and biochemical profiles in these triplets and the capillary basement membrane data lend strong credence to the role of "nongenetic" determinants in the development of "genetic" @entity6 as well as @entity532 in juvenile-onset-type @entity6 .

title: Monozygotic triplets with discordance for @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['capillary basement membrane thickening']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['diabetic microangiopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been limited research examining the mechanisms and epidemiology of @entity250 in the morbidly @entity28 . Our objectives were to measure sexual function in the morbidly @entity28 @entity1 before and after substantial @entity353 induced by gastric bypass surgery. STUDY DESIGN: All male @entity1 in undergoing gastric bypass completed the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory (BSFI) before and after operation. BSFI scores were also compared with published normative controls and analyzed for predictors of change. Mixed models were created to control for age, @entity6 , and @entity101 . RESULTS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with a mean age of 48 years (range 19 to 75 years) and mean body mass index of 51 kg/m(2) (range 36 to 89 kg/m(2)) underwent gastric bypass surgery. On average, preoperative morbidly @entity28 @entity1 reported a substantially greater degree of @entity250 than did published reference controls in all domains, p < 0.001. Increasing weight independently predicted lower domain scores. Mean postoperative followup length was 19 months (range 6 to 45 months). On average, BSFI scores improved from preoperative levels by bivariate analysis in all categories (means+/-SE): sexual drive (range 0 to 8), 3.9+/-0.3 to 5.3+/-0.3; erectile function (range 0 to 12), 6.4+/-0.5 to 8.9+/-0.5; ejaculatory function (range 0 to 8), 4.9+/-0.4 to 6.3+/-0.4; problem assessment (range 0 to 12), 7.4+/-0.5 to 9.6+/-0.5; and sexual satisfaction (range 0 to 4), 1.6+/-0.2 to 2.3+/-0.2; all p < 0.01. On multivariable analysis, the amount of @entity353 independently predicted the degree of improvement in all BSFI domains, p < 0.05. After an average 67% excess @entity353 , BSFI scores in postoperative gastric bypass @entity1 approached those of the reference controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with morbid @entity28 commonly suffer from profound, but reversible @entity250 .

title: XXXX is common in the morbidly @entity28 male and improves after gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prolonged survival after @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of advanced @entity14 ( @entity14 ) may be the result of selection of best responders to chemotherapy. The impact of complete resection in this well-selected group is controversial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data on 890 @entity1 undergoing resection and 879 @entity1 who received only chemotherapy for @entity14 were collected prospectively. We used intent-to-treat analysis to evaluate the survival of @entity1 who underwent @entity5 . Additionally, we evaluated a cohort of nonsurgically treated @entity1 selected to mirror the @entity5 population: colorectal metastases with liver-only disease, objective response to chemotherapy, and alive 1 year after chemotherapy initiation. RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 underwent the first stage of @entity5 ; 62 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the medical group. @entity5 @entity1 had a mean of 6.7    3.4 @entity14 with mean size of 4.5    3.1 cm. Nonsurgical @entity1 had a mean of 5.9    2.9 @entity14 with mean size of 5.4    3.4 cm (not significant). Forty-seven @entity5 @entity1 (72%) completed the second stage. Progression between stages was the main cause of noncompletion of the second stage (61%). After 50 months median follow-up, the 5-year survival rate was 51% in the @entity5 group and 15% in the medical group (P = .005). In @entity1 who underwent @entity5 , noncompletion of @entity5 and major @entity260 were independently associated with worse survival. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is associated with excellent outcome in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 as a result of both selection by chemotherapy and complete resection of metastatic disease.

title: High survival rate after XXXX of advanced @entity14 : response-based selection and complete resection define outcome.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TSR', 'two-stage resection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'CLM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['two-stage resection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12267 is a facultative intracellular dimorphic fungus that causes @entity6573 ( @entity6573 ), the most important deep @entity3217 in Latin America. Only a small percentage of individuals infected by @entity12267 develop clinical @entity6573 , possibly in part because of genetically determined interindividual variability of host immunity. However, no @entity465 has ever been associated with @entity6573 . METHODS: We describe the first @entity1 , to our knowledge, with @entity6573 and a well-defined @entity465 in the beta 1 subunit of the interleukin (IL)-12/ @entity14283 , a disorder previously shown to be specifically associated with impaired @entity379 production, @entity4593 , and @entity5746 . RESULTS: Our @entity1 had a childhood history of bacille Calmette-Gu  rin disease and @entity5746 and, at the age of 20 years, presented to our clinic with a disseminated (acute) form of @entity6573 . He responded well to antifungal treatment and is now doing well at 24 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: This unique observation supports previous studies of @entity6573 suggesting that IL-12, IL-23, and IFN-gamma play an important role in protective immunity to @entity12267 . @entity378 and @entity6573 are thus not only related clinically and pathologically, but also by their immunological pathogenesis. Our study further expands the spectrum of clinical manifestations of @entity74 of the IL-12/IL-23-IFN-gamma axis. @entity1 with unexplained deep @entity364 , such as @entity6573 , should be tested for defects in the IL-12/IL-23-IFN- gamma axis.

title: XXXX disseminated disease in a @entity1 with @entity74 in the beta1 subunit of the interleukin (IL)-12/ @entity14283 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6573 :: ('MESH:D010229', 'Disease') :: ['paracoccidioidomycosis', 'PCM']

entities_list: @entity12267 :: ('121759', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis', 'P. brasiliensis']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['nontyphoid salmonellosis', 'salmonellosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited defects']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity12267 :: (121759,Species) :: ['Paracoccidioides brasiliensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of immediate surgical spinal cord decompression on neurologic outcome after @entity1566 is controversial. Experimental models strongly suggest a beneficial effect of early decompression but there is little supportive clinical evidence. This study is designed to evaluate the feasibility and outcome of an immediate spinal cord decompression treatment protocol for cervical @entity1566 in a tertiary treatment center. METHODS: To address this issue, 91 consecutive @entity1 with acute, traumatic cervical @entity1566 (1990-1997) were prospectively studied. Sixty-six @entity1 (protocol group) underwent emergency magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the presence of persistent @entity1745 followed, if indicated, by immediate operative decompression and stabilization. Twenty-five @entity1 were managed outside the treatment protocol because of contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging, need for other emergency surgical procedures, or admitting surgeon preference (reference group). The protocol and reference groups had similar sex and age distributions, admitting Frankel grades, levels of @entity16 , and Injury Severity Scores. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of @entity1 seen were not enrolled in the treatment protocol because of the need for other emergent surgical treatment, contraindication to MRI, and specific surgeon bias regarding the "futility" of emergent treatment. The neurologic outcome for the @entity1 in the reference group were similar to that in the previously reported literature. Fifty percent of protocol @entity1 , compared with only 24% of reference @entity1 , improved from their admitting Frankel grade. Eight protocol @entity1 (12%), but no reference @entity1 , improved from complete motor @entity1688 (Frankel grade A or B) to independent ambulation (Frankel grade D or E). Protocol @entity1 required shorter intensive care unit stays, and shorter total hospital stays than reference @entity1 . In the treatment protocol group, spinal cord decompression, confirmed by MRI, was achieved with immediate spinal column alignment and skeletal traction in 32 @entity1 (46%). Thirty-four @entity1 (54%) required emergent operative spinal cord decompression because of MRI-documented persistent @entity1745 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that immediate spinal column stabilization and spinal cord decompression, based on magnetic resonance imaging, may significantly improve neurologic outcome. The feasibility of such a treatment protocol in a tertiary treatment center is well demonstrated. Additional multicenter trials are necessary to achieve definitive conclusions regarding clinical efficacy.

title: Immediate spinal cord decompression for cervical XXXX : feasibility and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: @entity694 is a serious complication after aortic surgery, and is most frequent after repair of @entity1755 . It was felt that the increased risk of @entity694 during shock might be the result of a local effect of the renin-angiotensin system in the @entity12464 , which is exacerbated by poor perfusion. In order to evaluate the activity of the renin-angiotensin system in the colonic circulation, a subtotal occlusion of the distal aorta was induced in nine @entity1707 . A colonic flow reduction of 70% was created for 4 hours. In the experimental group (n = 6), induce @entity1457 , 20 cm3/kg blood was sampled at 45 min before resuscitation was performed with 20 cm3/kg haemaccel. The sham group (n = 3) did not have @entity1457 induced. Blood samples were taken for determinations of angiotensin II, haemoglobin and @entity880 . Blood gas was obtained from the pulmonary artery and the caudal mesenteric vein for blood gas analysis and @entity880 determinations. ANOVA and the Wilcoxon sum rank test were used for statistical analysis. There was a significant increase in angiotensin II after induction of ischaemia in both groups. The increase in angiotensin II in the @entity12464 was more prominent than the increase in the systemic circulation (P < 0.01). In the experimental group, there was a sustained increase in angiotensin II levels in the @entity12464 following shock and reperfusion (P < 0/01). The increase in @entity880 concentrations, which was significantly higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05), was evidence of @entity1944 . There was a significant decline in cardiac output and blood pressure during the period of shock (P < 0.05). The combination of @entity694 and @entity1457 followed by reperfusion leads to an increase in angiotensin II activity. The increase of the local activity of the renin-angiotensin system in the @entity12464 is more prominent after ischaemia and reperfusion. This is probably caused by a selective response of the splanchnic vasculature to shock, ischaemia and reperfusion.

title: The renin-angiotensin system in @entity1707 during XXXX combined with low-flow ischaemia of the sigmoid colon.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity12464 :: ('MESH:D009360', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic circulation']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolaemic shock']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic ischaemia', 'Colonic ischaemia']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['hypovolaemic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Placental @entity2695 are @entity5 . Large @entity2695 have been reported to cause several obstetric complications, including @entity3152 , @entity5869 , @entity2978 , fetal hydrops, fetal growth restriction, fetal @entity828 , @entity1283 , a @entity712 and @entity5617 . The clinical significance of small @entity2695 is less known. CASE: Multiple small @entity5028 occupied 70% of the total placental volume. A shower of emboli in the fetal cerebral circulation occurred 1 week before the delivery, causing permanent @entity75 . Workup failed to detect causes of the @entity887 other than dissemination from the @entity5028 . The fetal heart rate tracing was reassuring a few days after the @entity999 . CONCLUSION: @entity2695 can cause fetal cerebral @entity385 , which, in otherwise healthy neonates, should prompt examination of the placenta. The nonstress test is not an adequate method of monitoring gestations with @entity2695 . Optimal management in the presence of @entity5028 without fetal compromise remains undetermined.

title: Diffuse XXXX causing multiple fetal cerebral embolism: a case report.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['premature labor']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['placental chorioangiomas', 'hemangiomas', 'Chorioangiomas', 'chorioangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental hemangioma', 'placental hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral embolism']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity5028 :: (MESH:D010922,Disease) :: ['placental chorioangiomatosis']


abstract: We performed DNA flow cytometry analysis of @entity694 from the viewpoint of DNA heterogeneity. The materials were 25 @entity694 and 17 metastatic lymph nodes. Four different regions were examined in each @entity5 . The DNA index (DI) was classified into four groups. We classified the @entity5 into homogeneous and heterogeneous group according to the DI of the four regions of each case. Ten of 25 (40%) were classified as homogeneous and 15 (60%) as heterogeneous. The heterogeneous group tended to show more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics. The corresponding rate between the maximum DI in the @entity5 and the DI in the metastatic lymph node was 65% (11/17). The maximum DI of the @entity5 was mostly seen in the metastatic lymph nodes, suggesting high metastatic potentiality of the higher DI clones. The examination of DNA heterogeneity may be useful for detecting the more precise character of the @entity694 . In heterogeneous cases, the higher corresponding rate of DI between primary and metastatic lesions suggested that @entity3 occurred frequently in primary lesions containing gathering larger DI cells.

title: [DNA heterogeneity and its significance in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress is a detrimental feature of @entity6 implicated in the progression of the disease and its complications. The relationship between insulin therapy and oxidative stress is complex. This study tested the hypothesis that improved glucose control, rather than insulin dose, is central to reduced oxidative stress in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 following continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). In this 16-week, multicenter study, 54 CSII-na  ve @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (age 57    10 years, @entity4051 c 69    15 mmol/mol [8.5    1.4%], @entity6 duration 13    6 years) treated with either oral antidiabetic agents (OAD) alone (n = 17), basal insulin    OAD (n = 17), or @entity2794 ( @entity2794 )    OAD (n = 20) were the evaluable group. @entity6 medications except metformin were discontinued, and 16 weeks of CSII was initiated. Insulin dose was titrated to achieve optimal glycemic control. A plasma marker of oxidative stress relevant to @entity65 (oxidized low density lipoprotein [ox-LDL]) was assessed at baseline and week 16. CSII improved glycemic control (HbA1c -13    2 mmol/mol [-1.2    0.2%]; fasting @entity21934 .4 mg/dL; mean glucose excursion -23.2    6.5 mg/dL, mean    SE; all P < .001) and reduced ox-LDL (-10.5%; P < .05). The antioxidant effect was cohort-independent (P > .05), but was significantly more pronounced in @entity1 on statins (P = .019). The effect of CSII was more closely correlated to improvements in glucose excursion (P = .013) than to insulin dose (P > .05) or reduction in HbA1c (P > .05). CSII induces @entity308 of plasma ox-LDL associated with change in glucose control, rather than with change in insulin dose. The effect is augmented in @entity1 receiving statins.

title: Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study to Establish the Relationship Between Glucose Control and Plasma Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['MDI', 'multiple daily injections']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']