abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the ultrasonographic (US) features of @entity652 in a lactating breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The US scans of 11 lactating @entity652 in nine @entity1 aged 25-36 years examined in 1991-1996 were retrospectively reviewed. In all lesions, diagnoses were cytologically or histologically proved after US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (eight lesions) or core biopsy (three lesions). Six @entity1 were lactating, and three @entity1 were in the third trimester of pregnancy. The US features analyzed were shape, orientation to the chest wall, border characteristics, echogenicity, homogeneity, enhancement or shadowing, and depth within the breast. RESULTS: Most lesions had benign US features such as ovoid shape with the long axis parallel to the chest wall (10 of 11), well-defined margins (eight of 11), homogeneous echotexture (eight of 11), and posterior acoustic enhancement (10 of 11). Four lesions had US features that resembled @entity5 , such as irregular margins, heterogeneous echotexture, and posterior acoustic shadowing. CONCLUSION: The US features, although generally benign, are not specific. Tissue sampling with fine-needle aspiration biopsy is recommended. Core biopsy is necessary if a diagnosis cannot be made with the aspirate but is not performed initially because of the possibility of milk @entity292 formation.

title: XXXX : US features and literature review.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Lactating adenoma']


abstract: A @entity1336 , CECT 4645, was found to have insertions of a sequence (985 bp in length) at least in eight loci in its genome. The prototype copy (Lp1) of this insertion sequence (named ISLpl4) has one open reading frame encoding a putative protein that is 292 @entity1522 in length with significant levels of similarity with IS982 family transposases. Perfect 16-bp inverted repeats were found at its termini. Upon transposition, generates 8-bp direct repeats of the target sequence, but no consensus sequences could be identified at either insertion site. The ISLpl4 pattern changed over many generations on the CECT 4645 strain. This finding strongly supports our hypothesis that ISLpl4 is a functional element in @entity1336 . Some of these elements may be cryptic, since point mutation or 1-nucleotide deletions were found in their transposase encoding genes. ISLpl4 copies have been detected in @entity14921 , @entity26412 , and @entity5210 . An ISLpl4 copy of @entity26412 contained a +1 @entity377 insertion on its transposase encoding gene and, by using an experimental system, we were able to demonstrate that this specific sequence originates a +1 programmed translational frameshifting. Although the frameshifting process reported here operates at a low rate, this description might represent the first case of a functional +1 frameshifting among @entity2717 .

title: Characterization of ISLpl4, a functional insertion sequence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26412 :: ('1247', 'Species') :: ['Oenococcus oeni', 'O. oeni']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5210 :: ('1599', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus sakei']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['L. plantarum', 'Lactobacillus plantarum strain']

entities_list: @entity14921 :: ('1245', 'Species') :: ['Leuconostoc mesenteroides']

answer: @entity1336 :: (1590,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']


abstract: @entity420 is the usual histological presentation of the very rare @entity1086 . @entity1358 accounts for less than 3.5% of @entity1086 , and is characterised by @entity851 , a reduced tendency for lymph node @entity3 , an @entity99 or liver @entity3 , and a poorer prognosis than @entity420 . We present two cases. The first @entity1 presented to our institution with increased @entity648 levels and dilated intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. @entity1962 of the @entity1085 was diagnosed on the post-operative pathological specimen. After surgery, @entity648 levels decreased, but hepatic @entity3 occurred that did not respond to conventional chemotherapy. The second @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity1087 and @entity490 . Abdominal computed tomography (CT) imaging showed marked thickening of the @entity1085 with direct extension of a mass into the left liver lobe. Cytology specimens obtained with an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure revealed a @entity5 . The @entity1 underwent surgery but the @entity5 was incompletely resected. A regimen of oral UFT (Tegafur + @entity5537 ) chemotherapy was begun. Serum @entity648 levels increased due to occlusion in the surgical area 15 weeks after the start of chemotherapy.

title: Gallbladder XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Adenosquamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinomas', 'gallbladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['Adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['increased tendency for hepatic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['adenosquamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated preoperative and postoperative serum alpha-subunit levels and the alpha-subunit response to @entity1218 in @entity1 with various types of @entity5 and correlated the data with histological findings in order to clarify the significance of alpha-subunit measurement in @entity977 . @entity1 : We examined 59 @entity1 with @entity5 (22 with GH cell @entity652 , 30 with clinically nonfunctioning @entity652 and seven with other @entity5 ) treated at Toranomon Hospital between 1996 and 1998. RESULTS: The basal alpha-subunit level was supranormal in six out of 22 (27%) @entity1 with a @entity652 and in nine out of 30 (30%) @entity1 with a nonfunctioning @entity652 . A paradoxical alpha-subunit response to @entity1218 was found in seven out of 22 (32%) @entity1 with a @entity652 . These seven @entity1 also showed a paradoxical GH response to @entity1218 administration. In addition, paradoxical response to @entity1218 was found in eight out of 30 (27%) @entity1 with a clinically nonfunctioning @entity652 . In contrast, @entity1 with other types of @entity5 showed neither a supranormal alpha-subunit level nor a paradoxical response to @entity1218 . The supranormal alpha-subunit level and the abnormal response to @entity1218 were normalized in both @entity652 and nonfunctioning @entity652 @entity1 after successful surgery. Immunohistochemical studies showed alpha-subunit positive cells in 51% of GH cell @entity652 or nonfunctioning @entity652 and there was a good concordance with the serum alpha-subunit levels in both @entity652 and nonfunctioning @entity652 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that supranormal serum alpha-subunit levels are mainly due to @entity5 itself, while the paradoxical alpha-subunit response to @entity1218 is an associated phenomenon in @entity1 with a @entity652 or nonfunctioning @entity652 . The alpha-subunit level and the response to @entity1218 may be useful indicators for assessing the operative outcome, especially in nonfunctioning @entity652 @entity1 who have no other definite endocrine markers.

title: Serum alpha-subunit levels in XXXX with @entity977 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion by the tumour', 'pituitary tumours', 'tumours', 'pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['GH cell adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Errors in the transfusion process can compromise @entity1 safety. A study was undertaken at our center to identify the errors in the transfusion process and their causes in order to reduce their occurrence by corrective and preventive actions. METHODS: All near miss, no harm events and adverse events reported in the 'transfusion process' during 1 year study period were recorded, classified and analyzed at a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. RESULTS: In total, 285 transfusion related events were reported during the study period. Of these, there were four adverse (1.5%), 10 no harm (3.5%) and 271 (95%) near miss events. Incorrect blood component transfusion rate was 1 in 6031 component units. @entity6910 incompatible transfusion rate was one in 15,077 component units issued or one in 26,200 PRBC units issued and acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to @entity6910 incompatible transfusion was 1 in 60,309 component units issued. Fifty-three percent of the antecedent near miss events were bedside events. @entity1 sample handling errors were the single largest category of errors (n=94, 33%) followed by @entity1503 handling and storage in user areas. CONCLUSIONS: The actual and near miss event data obtained through this initiative provided us with clear evidence about latent defects and critical points in the transfusion process so that corrective and preventive actions could be taken to reduce errors and improve transfusion safety.

title: Error reporting in transfusion medicine at a tertiary care centre: a XXXX safety initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patient', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['errors in labeling and blood component']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of hippocampal @entity528 to intellectual and memory measures before and after temporal lobe surgery. DESIGN: Pyramidal cell loss, as determined on the resected tissue, of hippocampal subregion @entity1399 correlated highest with other subregional cell loss and thus was used as the primary indicator of hippocampal @entity528 . Groups of @entity1 with @entity410 were subdivided according to degree of @entity1399 @entity528 . Behavioral performances of @entity1 groups were compared before and after surgery. SETTING: @entity1 data were obtained from a university program of surgery for @entity302 . CASES: Twenty-five @entity1 who had intractable @entity302 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IQ scores, verbal and nonverbal memory measures adapted from the Wechsler Memory Scale, and the Rey-Osterrieth recall score. RESULTS: Degree of hippocampal cell loss selectively related to learning of unrelated @entity5545 , both preoperatively and postoperatively, in @entity1 with left but not right temporal lobe @entity410 . @entity1 with severe loss of left hippocampal neurons performed worse than those with mild-moderate @entity528 both before and after surgery. Immediate recall of logical prose did not relate to hippocampal @entity528 , although scores decreased following left temporal lobe surgery. CONCLUSION: These findings support a role for the left hippocampus in rote verbal memory, ie, learning of unrelated @entity5545 . Semantically complex verbal learning, ie, recall of logical prose, is more dependent on extrahippocampal temporal lobe regions. Finally, @entity1 with severe as compared with minimal left hippocampal @entity528 may be at risk for lower memory functioning postoperatively.

title: Hippocampal XXXX and memory scores before and after temporal lobe surgery for @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['left and right temporal lobe seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron loss']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['word pairs']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuron loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal method of treatment for Lisfranc @entity174 remains controversial, and the role of primary partial arthrodesis for combined osseous-ligamentous @entity130 is unclear. This study reviewed the outcomes of @entity130 treated by primary partial arthrodesis. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent primary partial arthrodesis for a primarily ligamentous or combined osseous and ligamentous Lisfranc @entity174 were reviewed retrospectively and assessed at followup according to radiographic, clinical and standardized @entity1 -based outcomes. Twenty-five @entity1 (12 ligamentous, 13 combined), median age of 46 (range, 20 to 73) years, were followed for an average of 42 (range, 24 to 96) months. RESULTS: The average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 81 points (scale 0 to 100), with @entity1 in general losing points for mild @entity158 , limitations of recreational activities, and fashionable footwear requirements. There was no statistical difference between ligamentous and combined injuries with regard to the physical or mental component scores on the SF-36. At latest followup, @entity1 reported an average return to 85% of their preinjury activity level (range, 50% to 100%). Twenty-one @entity1 (84%) expressed satisfaction with their outcome and at latest followup, the mean visual analog @entity158 scale (VAS) score was 1.8 out of 10 (range, 0 to 8). Three @entity1 showed radiographic signs of post-traumatic @entity625 of @entity2720 . CONCLUSION: Treatment of both primarily ligamentous and combined osseous and ligamentous lisfranc injuries with primary partial arthrodesis produced good clinical and @entity1 -based outcomes.

title: Treatment of Lisfranc XXXX with primary partial arthrodesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture-dislocations', 'fracture-dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['adjacent joints']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Lisfranc injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture-dislocations']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The incidence of @entity4281 ( @entity4281 ) is low, and studies and progress reports with regard to surgical procedures are rare. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of surgical therapy of @entity4281 and its long-term results between 1983 and 2000 by evaluating medical records and questionnaires. SETTING: German university hospital within the endemic area. RESULTS: Twenty-five surgical procedures were performed in 19 @entity1 with @entity4281 (12x partial resection of the liver, 3 of them with additional extrahepatic resection; 3x just extrahepatic resection, 4x bilidigestive anastomosis, 5x exploratory laparotomy, 1x bypass procedure). Fifteen @entity1 were operated on the first time with that diagnosis, four due to a relapse. Seven surgical procedures were estimated to be curative, whereas 18 were palliative, because the parasitic mass could not be resected in toto. One @entity1 died from persistent systemic @entity295 as a consequence of microbial superinvasion of a splenic parasitic mass. Morbidity was 28%. All @entity1 had additional medical treatment and periodic follow-up. Three of seven @entity1 estimated for curative surgery developed a relapse. One of the @entity1 discharged following palliative surgery died 13 years after diagnosis with @entity7752 . Advances in conservative and interventional treatments have greatly improved the prognosis of the disease. CONCLUSION: Curative surgery for @entity4281 is feasible only in a minority of @entity1 , because frequently the disease has already spread widely when diagnosed. The minimum distance between the lesion and the cut surface should be 2 cm. Taking the advances in conservative treatment into consideration, the benefit of palliative surgery is uncertain and today there is no evidence for prolonged survival by palliative surgical procedures. Palliative surgery should therefore be reserved for cases with complications that could not be managed by conservative and interventional treatment.

title: [Surgical therapy of XXXX and long-term outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['AE', 'alveolar echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['liver insufficiency']

answer: @entity4281 :: (MESH:C536591,Disease) :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the content of a programme involving early hospital discharge and continued rehabilitation at home after @entity64 . DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative descriptive study of an intervention within the context of a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. SUBJECTS: Forty-one @entity1 , moderately impaired after @entity64 , rehabilitated by a team of six occupational, physical, and speech and language therapists. RESULTS: The average duration of the programme was 14 weeks, the mean number of home visits 12, and the median total time consumption 23 hours and 20 minutes, of which face-to-face contact with the @entity1 constituted 54%. The rehabilitation process was pursued by the @entity1 and the therapist in partnership. Supported by the team the therapists incorporated a wider domain of activities than usual and left a considerable amount of the training to self-directed activities. The most common foci of the visits were speech and communication, ADL activities and ambulation. When planning the intervention the therapists paid attention to discrepancies between the desires and abilities of the @entity1 on the one hand and environmental demands on the other - discrepancies detected through observation of the @entity1 in the home environment. CONCLUSIONS: The home environment offers therapists working in a team opportunities to adopt a behaviour that enables @entity1 with moderate @entity16 after @entity64 to resume responsibility and influence over their rehabilitation process, resulting in an individualized rehabilitation programme that varies in duration, content and frequency of home visits.

title: Rehabilitation at home after XXXX : a descriptive study of an individualized intervention.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairments']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: An open, multi-centre study in general practice compared with efficacy, speed of action and acceptability of ispaghula husk (Fybogel Orange, Reckitt _ Colman Products, UK), @entity11884 and other laxatives in the treatment of @entity1 with simple constipation. A total of 65 GPs recruited 394 @entity1 , of whom 224 (56.9%) were assigned to treatment with ispaghula and 170 (43.1%) to other laxatives (mainly @entity11884 ) for up to four weeks. Thirteen @entity1 withdrew before treatment started, so that 381 entered the study. @entity1 were assessed by their GP before entry and after two and four weeks of treatment. @entity1 also kept daily records of their bowel movements. After four weeks' treatment, ispaghula husk was assessed by the GPs to be superior to the other treatments in improving bowel function and in overall effectiveness, @entity2419 and acceptability. @entity1 ' reports of time to first bowel movement showed little difference between the treatments. Over 60% of @entity1 in each treatment group passed a first motion within 24 hours, and over 80% within 36 hours. Ispaghula husk produced a higher percentage of normal, well-formed stools and fewer hard stools than other laxatives. Incidences of soiling, @entity294 and @entity490 were lower in the group receiving ispaghula husk. Overall, ispaghula husk was an effective treatment for simple constipation, and was associated with better stool consistency and a lower incidence of adverse events compared with @entity11884 or with other laxatives.

title: A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with XXXX and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['palatability']

answer: @entity11884 :: (MESH:D007792,Chemical) :: ['lactulose']


abstract: The clinical and pathological findings of a 41-year-old male @entity1 with atypical @entity5108 were reported. There were 3 cases of @entity510 , 2 @entity2319 and 2 @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) in his family. He had suffered from @entity2319 since 5 years old and gait disturbance since 37 years old. He had been admitted to the @entity146 hospital 3 times because of hallucinatory-delusional state and behavior abnormalities. Neurological examinations at 39 years old revealed that he had @entity1032 (IQ 66), @entity2319 , @entity2057 , most marked distally, @entity132 , @entity4894 , positive Romberg's sign, @entity551 , @entity1282 and slurred speech. MCV of median nerve was 27.8 m/sec, and @entity6723 was not evoked. EEG revealed nonspecific dysfunction of the brain. He died of ileus-like condition at 41 years old. General autopsy showed @entity1779 of the jejunum and ileum due to compression of the superior mesenteric artery and vein by an adhesion band of connective tissue formed after previous appendectomy. Neuropathological examinations revealed @entity528 and @entity17 with schwannosis of anterior and posterior spinal nerve roots as well as peripheral nerves. The posterior roots were more severely affected than the anterior ones. Ganglion cells of the posterior root ganglia showed @entity528 and loss. There was severe @entity528 , especially in the gracilis, of the spinal cord. Nerve cells in the anterior horns and Clarke's columns also displayed @entity194 or central chromatolysis followed by @entity5219 . There was slight degeneration of the posterior spinocerebellar tracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsy case of neuronal type @entity5108 ( @entity5108 ) with @entity2319 and XXXX symptoms].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['loss of myelinated fibers']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity5108 :: ('MESH:D002607', 'Disease') :: ['Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['nerve deafness', 'progressive nerve deafness']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['HMSN', 'hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['conspicuous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the posterior columns', 'axonal degeneration', 'remarkable degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic infarction']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Manual chest physiotherapy (MCP) techniques involving chest percussion, vibration, and shaking have long been used in the treatment of respiratory conditions. However, methodological limitations in existing research have led to a state of clinical equipoise with respect to this treatment. Thus, for @entity1 hospitalised with an exacerbation of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), clinical preference tends to dictate whether MCP is given to assist with sputum clearance. We standardised the delivery of MCP and assessed its effectiveness on disease-specific quality of life. METHODS: In this randomised, controlled trial powered for equivalence, 526 @entity1 hospitalised with acute @entity1030 exacerbation were enrolled from four centres in the UK. @entity1 were allocated to receive MCP plus advice on airway clearance or advice on chest clearance alone. The primary outcome was a @entity1030 specific quality of life measure, the Saint Georges Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) at six months post randomisation. Analyses were by intention to treat (ITT). This study was registered, ISRCTN13825248. RESULTS: All @entity1 were included in the analyses, of which 372 (71%) provided evaluable data for the primary outcome. An effect size of 0  3 standard deviations in SGRQ score was specified as the threshold for superiority. The ITT analyses showed no significant difference in SGRQ for @entity1 who did, or did not receive MCP (95% CI -0  14 to 0  19). CONCLUSIONS: These data do not lend support to the routine use of MCP in the management of acute exacerbation of @entity1030 . However, this does not mean that MCP is of no therapeutic value to @entity1030 @entity1 in specific circumstances.

title: Evaluation of the effectiveness of manual chest physiotherapy techniques on quality of life at six months post exacerbation of XXXX (MATREX): a randomised controlled equivalence trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The multiple facets of @entity943 and their relationship with the autonomic nervous system can be investigated by studying the spontaneous heart rate behavior through ambulatory ECG recordings, an approach that complements the limitations of invasive electrophysiologic investigations. Information obtained from heart rate behavior is more reliable in the absence of structural @entity299 and @entity123 /failure, during which compensatory mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system tend to limit reflex changes in heart rate. Thus, in such situations, less marked sinus rhythm variations preceding the @entity943 onset do not imply a more limited influence of the autonomic nervous system, and the sensitivity of the electrophysiologic substrate may otherwise vary. These two factors may combine to form the basis of the "adrenergic paradox" that implies that the more marked the @entity4148 of @entity591 , the less obvious its evidence. Assessment of the QT interval dynamicity may also allow one to evaluate the modulation of autonomic neural effects on the ventricular tissues. Finally, it may be difficult to distinguish clearly @entity4148 from rate dependence: the latter frequently conditions the behavior of the trigger whereas the former mainly concerns the electrophysiologic substrate. There are many examples of the importance of the autonomic nervous system as a determinant of @entity943 . In the atrium, either limb of the autonomic nervous system, particularly the parasympathetic limb, can generate @entity955 . The absence of structural @entity299 defines pure electrophysiologic substrates responsible for benign forms of @entity1165 as well as potentially lethal @entity591 of the @entity1162 and its variants. In both, the role of the autonomic nervous system is essential, although the therapeutic consequences are crucial only in the latter. In the presence of @entity299 and, in particular, @entity712 , the autonomic nervous system behavior is more difficult to assess than in the absence of structural @entity299 . This does not mean that its role is less crucial. In this situation the beneficial effects of beta blockers may be as important as in normal hearts although physicians should be more cautious when @entity712 is present.

title: XXXX and the autonomic nervous system.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic nervous system dependence']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Cardiac arrhythmias']


abstract: @entity1 with osteoarthritic (OA) knee @entity158 often present with impaired muscle activation and function that may be attributed in part to hyperexcitability of flexion withdrawal reflexes (FWRs). The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the excitability of FWR in individuals with knee OA and its potential associations with @entity73 (QA) and subjective reports of @entity158 . Twenty subjects with and 20 without knee OA (age, 45 to 75 years) participated. Impaired QA was determined in OA subjects during maximal volitional contraction of the quadriceps. FWRs were tested in isometric conditions using electrocutaneous stimulation applied at the medial foot at 1x and 2x FWR threshold and surface electromyographic recordings obtained from tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF). Joint torques at the hip, knee, and ankle were calculated and normalized to body mass. FWR threshold was significantly diminished in OA versus the control group (P < .01). In addition, FWR latencies were consistent with spinally mediated responses, with significantly earlier responses in OA versus control subjects of TA at threshold (P = .002) and BF at suprathreshold stimulation (P = .0006). Impaired QA was found in 4 of 20 OA subjects but was not correlated to FWR threshold or @entity158 levels. Peak joint torques were diminished in the OA versus the control group (P < .0006). PERSPECTIVE: Increased excitability of FWRs was evident in subjects with chronic @entity626 , including those subjects without resting @entity158 , but was not associated with impaired QA. Management strategies for this @entity1 population must consider altered @entity158 processing in addition to addressing impairments found at the knee.

title: Heightened flexor withdrawal responses in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired quadriceps activation']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study tried to identify factors predictive of upstaging from ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB)-diagnosed @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) to @entity3 after surgical excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 506 female CNB-diagnosed @entity3821 @entity1 who underwent subsequent surgical excision between January 2000 and February 2011. A retrospective analysis of @entity1 undergone core needle biopsy and subsequent surgical excision was performed. Ultrasonography guided CNB was performed using either an 8-, 11-gauge vacuum-assisted method, or a 14-gauge needle automated gun method. RESULTS: The overall upstaging rate was 42.7% (216/506). Multivariate analysis found that a palpable lesion, a lesion size >20  mm, a high grade lesion, and use of the 14-gauge needle method were independently associated with upstaging (p  <  0.05 for all variables). We designed a scoring system to predict lymph node positivity in these @entity1 , and the subsequent ROC curve showed an AUC value of 0.746 (p  <  0.001, 95% CI: 0.66-0.82). @entity1 with a non-high grade lesion that was  <=20  mm in size carried no risk of lymph node positivity. CONCLUSION: Upstaging was associated with lesions that were large, palpable or high grade. It was also associated with use of the 14-gauge needle method. Our scoring system might be helpful to identify @entity1 who do not require sentinel lymph node biopsy.

title: Factors associated with upstaging from @entity3821 following core needle biopsy to XXXX in subsequent surgical excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive cancer']


abstract: Differential diagnosis of @entity409 in the absence of proven @entity5 is still a challenge. We experienced a case of an asymptomatic 14 cm lesion of right hemiliver in a 67 year-old @entity1 submitted to right hepatectomy in December 2010. One year before the @entity1 underwent to endoscopic removal of a tubular adenoma of the right colon. Preoperative diagnosis was supported by ultrasound, CT scan, PET and liver biopsy. The @entity1 received 6 cycles of preoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX) with down-staging of the lesion diameter. Immunohistochemistry on the surgical specimen showed positivity for @entity51670 , @entity478 , @entity5091 , negativity for @entity5822 and a-fetoprotein. Moreover, the neoplastic cells showed a focal positivity with lower intensity for @entity2355 and @entity5089 . The immunohistochemical profile suggested the possibility of a @entity5 from the large bowel, without excluding a primitive @entity201 with intestinal phenotype. At 6 months after intervention, the @entity1 was submitted to chemotherapy (FOLFOX). At present he is in good condition, without radiological signs of recurrence. Oncologists must evaluate the possible benefits of further adjuvant treatments based on the differential diagnosis between a primitive or metastatic @entity96 . In conclusion, correct diagnosis of @entity409 is mandatory and remains a challenge that can differentiate either follow-up or surgical and adjuvant treatment. Histology and immunohistochemistry must be related to clinical findings as they may not always be sufficient to reach a correct final diagnosis, and can even be confusing. At present, molecular biology cannot be considered a helpful for diagnosis in these cases.

title: Challenge in differential diagnosis of a XXXX histologically defined as a metastatic lesion from an occult primary @entity5 . The importance of clinical findings and the limitations of histology and molecular profiles. A case report.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumour', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver masses', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver mass']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary @entity28 treatment programme on fecal microbiota composition and immunoglobulin-coating bacteria in overweight and @entity28 adolescents and their relationship to @entity353 . DESIGN: Longitudinal intervention study based on both a calorie-restricted diet (calorie reduction=10-40%) and increased physical activity (calorie expenditure=15-23 kcal/kg body weight per week) for 10 weeks. @entity1 : Thirty-nine overweight and @entity28 adolescents (BMI mean 33.1 range 23.7-50.4; age mean 14.8 range, 13.0-16.0). MEASUREMENTS: BMI, BMI z-scores and plasma biochemical parameters were measured before and after the intervention. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Immunoglobulin-coating bacteria were detected using fluorescent-labelled F(ab')2 antihuman IgA, IgG and IgM. RESULTS: Reductions in Clostridium histolyticum and @entity22781 -C. coccoides proportions significantly correlated with weight and BMI z-score reductions in the whole adolescent population. Proportions of C. histolyticum, C. lituseburense and @entity22781 -C. coccoides dropped significantly whereas those of the Bacteroides-Prevotella group increased after the intervention in those adolescents who lost more than 4 kg. Total fecal energy was almost significantly reduced in the same group of adolescents but not in the group that lost less than 2.5 kg. IgA-coating bacterial proportions also decreased significantly in @entity1 who lost more than 6 kg after the intervention, paralleled to reductions in C. histolyticum and @entity22781 -C. coccoides populations. @entity22781 -C. coccoides proportions also correlated with @entity353 and BMI z-score reduction in @entity1 whose @entity353 exceeded 4 kg. CONCLUSIONS: Specific gut bacteria and an associated IgA response were related to body weight changes in adolescents under lifestyle intervention. These results suggest interactions between diet, gut microbiota and host metabolism and immunity in @entity28 .

title: Shifts in clostridia, bacteroides and immunoglobulin-coating fecal bacteria associated with @entity353 in XXXX adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the computed tomographic (CT) image features of @entity409 after ingestion of glacial @entity1543 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 5 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 ; age range, 2-84 years) who had ingested glacial @entity1543 to commit suicide or accidentally. Their abdominal and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed to detect and evaluate visceral organ injury. Clinical and laboratory data were also reviewed. RESULTS: Diffuse @entity4 wall thickening of esophagus and stomach was observed in all @entity1 . Three @entity1 showed nonenhancing, wedge-shaped low densities in the liver on portal venous phase abdominal CT scans. These 3 @entity1 also showed laboratory findings to indicate @entity1578 , @entity2142 , @entity520 , and disseminated @entity5642 . Two of these @entity1 died despite vigorous supportive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Wedge-shaped low densities can be seen in the liver on CT scans after ingestion of glacial @entity1543 . They may represent @entity99 caused by the direct effect of toxic materials absorbed into portal circulation.

title: CT imaging of @entity409 after ingestion of glacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and hepatic complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: Local infusion of agents through perforated catheters may reduce neointimal formation following vascular angioplasty. Such treatment will succeed only if the drug is retained within the arterial intima long enough to promote repair. Drugs will be dispersed throughout the wall predominantly by transmural convection instead of diffusion if the Peclet number, Pe = J (1-delta f)/P, is greater than unity, where J is the transmural fluid flow per unit surface area and delta(f) and P are the reflection and permeability coefficients to the drug, respectively. Although the targets of local drug delivery will be atherosclerotic vessels, little is known about the transport properties of these vessels. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of @entity1007 and @entity731 on J per unit pressure (hydraulic conductance, Lp) and on ultrastructure in femoral arteries. Measurements were made at 30, 60, and 90 mm Hg in anesthetized New Zealand white @entity95 fed a normal diet (n = 6) and after 3 weeks of lipid feeding (n = 19). @entity731 was induced in six lipid-fed animals by air desiccation of a femoral artery. Hydraulic conductance was significantly greater in vessels from @entity753 than from normal animals and decreased with pressure only in @entity753 arteries. @entity731 did not augment hydraulic conductance compared with @entity1007 alone. Electron microscopic examination demonstrated damaged endothelium in @entity753 arteries and both altered endothelium and less tightly packed medial tissue, compared with controls, in atherosclerotic vessels, at least at lower pressures. Peclet numbers for macromolecules exceeded unity for all three groups of arteries and reached 0.3 to 0.4 for molecules as small as heparin. Thus, convection plays a dominant role in the distribution of macromolecular agents following local delivery and may result in their rapid transport to the adventitia in the femoral artery.

title: Effect of XXXX on transmural convection an arterial ultrastructure. Implications for local intravascular drug delivery.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Following cerebral posterior fossa surgery, 23 @entity1 were admitted in Intensive Care Unit for postoperative mechanical ventilation. Mean age was 45 +/- 16 years. Mean duration of surgical procedure was 09 h 20 min +/- 04 h 45 min. Heart rate, blood pressure, @entity772 Glasgow scale, pupil reaction, respiratory pattern were recorded throughout the study. Following recovery from anaesthesia sedation was initiated by an intravenous bolus injection of @entity1875 2 mg.kg-1 followed by a continuous infusion starting at 1 mg.kg-1.h-1. The infusion rate was adjusted thereafter to ensure that the @entity1 was sedated (Glasgow @entity772 scale less than or equal to 6), unable to react to tracheal suction, well adapted to mechanical ventilation with a cardiovascular stability. Mean duration of sedation was 27 h 45 min +/- 04 h 45 min. Mean infusion rate of 3.81 mg.kg-1.h-1 allowed good sedation in 22 @entity1 . There were no clinical changes in arterial pressure and heart rate. @entity1875 infusion was stopped transiently to assess neurologic status at 18 h +/- 02 h 45, 33 h 45 +/- 08 h 15, 49 h 10 +/- 16 h 50 after sedation onset. During these interruptions, the speed of recovery was assessed and arterial blood samples taken simultaneously. When the infusion was discontinued, adequate recovery was obtained in 48 +/- 26 min for 17 @entity1 of 23, 64 +/- 58 min for 7 of 12, 70 +/- 65 min for 3 of 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Quality of sedation and neurologic evaluation following surgery of the posterior cranial fossa: the importance of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to examine placental histopathology in intravenous immunoglobulin-treated and untreated @entity16978 and correlate pathological findings with clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Placentas from 14 @entity16978 -affected pregnancies were identified. Maternal antepartum treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and pregnancy outcomes were abstracted from medical records. Placental histopathology and clinical outcomes were compared between intravenous immunoglobulin and no intravenous immunoglobulin treatment groups using Fisher's exact test. One subject, treated only after an @entity932 ( @entity932 ) was diagnosed, was excluded from the analysis. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Untreated pregnancies demonstrated a lymphoplasmacytic chronic villitis not seen in the intravenous immunoglobulin-treated pregnancies (P = .005). Intrauterine growth restriction and @entity5617 occurred as frequently as @entity932 in the untreated group. No @entity932 , @entity1592 , or intrauterine fetal demises occurred in the treated group, although the P value was not significant. CONCLUSION: @entity102 is frequently manifest in @entity16978 , with intravenous immunoglobulin alleviating this inflammatory immunologic response. We suspect a more universal role for the maternal antibody, such as fetal endothelial cell damage, in the sequelae of @entity16978 .

title: @entity102 in untreated @entity16978 : an etiology for severe early XXXX and the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic villitis']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity16978 :: ('MESH:D054098', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth restriction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To retrospectively investigate whether the background parenchymal features around a @entity5 at preoperative dynamic contrast material-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are associated with ipsilateral @entity0 recurrence (IBTR)-free survival in @entity1 with @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) after breast conservation surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Between 2004 and 2009, 215 consecutive @entity1 with pure @entity3821 who had undergone preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and curative breast conservation surgery were identified. Clinical-pathologic features (age, menopausal status, presentation of clinical findings, biopsy method, @entity5 size, nuclear grade, hormonal receptor status, margin status, and adjuvant therapy) and MR imaging features (lesion size, background parenchymal enhancement grade, fibroglandular density, parenchymal signal enhancement ratio [SER] around the @entity5 , lesion type, and lesion kinetics) were analyzed. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the association between MR imaging variables and IBTR-free survival after controlling for clinical-pathologic variables. Reproducibility of SER measurements was evaluated by using the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There were 15 of 215 (7.0%) IBTR cases (nine @entity3821 cases and six invasive cases) at a median of 36 months (range, 11-61 months). Multivariate analysis showed that higher parenchymal SER (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.028, P < .001 for reader 1; HR = 1.652, P < .001 for reader 2) and larger histologic @entity5 size (HR = 1.360, P = .009 for reader 1; HR = 1.402, P = .006 for reader 2) were independent factors associated with worse IBTR-free survival. The intraclass correlation coefficient of SER measurements between two readers was 0.852 (95% confidence interval: 0.811, 0.885). CONCLUSION: Higher parenchymal SER around the @entity5 at preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and larger histologic @entity5 size were independent factors associated with worse IBTR-free survival in @entity1 with @entity3821 after breast conservation surgery.

title: Background parenchymal signal enhancement ratio at preoperative MR imaging: association with subsequent local recurrence in XXXX with @entity3821 after breast conservation surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The differential diagnosis of @entity2694 is complex and based on radiological and physical examination as well as laboratory tests. Due to increasing tourism to exotic countries a thorough history is important to observe diseases which are rare in industrialised countries but frequent in developing countries. @entity1 : A 30-year-old @entity1 complained about a @entity2694 in the absence of general symptoms. Orbital examination revealed a normal globe. MRI scan and B-scan ultrasounds showed an orbital cyst with a diameter of 1 cm. The @entity1 's history disclosed lengthy travel to India as well as South East Asia. RESULTS: Histopathological examinations following excision of a whitish intraorbital mass showed a cream-white, thin walled cyst with a single central invaginated scolex with suckers and hooklets. This finding is characteristic for @entity3993 . CONCLUSIONS: Cysticercus cellulose is the larval stage of the @entity8785 @entity8785 . It is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Ocular affection is reported concerning the vitreous or subretinal localisation, less often in the anterior segment, subconjunctiva or orbita. Especially after trips to tropical regions, @entity4801 should be kept in mind when dealing with @entity2194 . Besides @entity3993 there are e.g. @entity8434 , onchocercosis (river blindness) and infections with toxocara or @entity6598 .

title: [Painless @entity2694 after sojourn in tropics. @entity3993 and other XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['unusual eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['painless orbital swelling']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity8785 :: ('6204', 'Species') :: ['Taenia solium', 'pork tapeworm']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['parasitic eye diseases']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity246 . DESIGN: Cohort survey using the Swedish personal identification code and Medical Birth Registry to link cryptorchid @entity1 with their pregnancy and delivery data. They were compared with the total population of male births during the same period. SUBJECTS: 2861 cryptorchid @entity1 born in Sweden between 1973 and 1982 were identified. Of these 437 could not be linked with their Medical Birth Registry information for various reasons, or were excluded because they were under 1 year of age at the end of 1982, leaving 2424 cases for study. The reference population comprised all @entity1 born in Sweden during the same period (n = 458,601). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For each study variable, the observed number of cases among @entity1 with @entity246 was compared with the expected number calculated from the whole population. A significant increase in intensity ratio for @entity246 was found with the first birth, caesarean section, toxaemia of pregnancy, and certain @entity154 ( @entity2650 and subluxation of the hip). It was also more common in small for dates @entity1 . There was a seasonal variation in @entity246 , with increased incidence in January-March. CONCLUSIONS: @entity246 may be caused by hormonal influences during pregnancy, which could be affected by utero-placental factors involving @entity5028 or by daylight hours, through pineal activity.

title: XXXX : a registry based study in Sweden on some factors of possible aetiological importance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism', 'Cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction']

answer: @entity246 :: (MESH:D003456,Disease) :: ['Cryptorchidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal and safe surgical method for @entity1614 -associated or @entity7194 is still a matter of debate. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1990 and 1995, 23 eyes were operated for @entity7194 , mainly because of decreased visual acuity, but also because of conservatively uncontrolled secondary @entity726 . @entity1614 @entity1 were 27.0 (5-62) years old at surgery; @entity1 with @entity7194 were 38.5 (11-63) years old. Surgical procedure depended on @entity1 age and anatomical conditions. RESULTS: All @entity1 achieved an increase in visual acuity. Amblyopia existed in six @entity1 . All problems due to @entity726 were controlled postoperatively. Our greatest concern was rhegmatogenous @entity1713 . It occurred in only one eye of a non- @entity1614 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The prognosis for lens surgery in Martan-associated and @entity7194 is good. The implantation of a posterior chamber lens provides a good and secure means of optical rehabilitation. Our preferred primary transscleral suture technique guarantees high security and stability of position. Previously feared surgical risks have been reduced by modern surgical procedures.

title: [Surgical management of XXXX -associated and @entity7194 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic lens subluxations', 'lens subluxations']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan']


abstract: This is a report of a 16 year-old 46,XY male who was reassigned female and had feminizing surgery during infancy because of what was judged to be inadequate genital masculinization. This @entity1 had a dysgenetic testis that was shown to be producing @entity251 during infancy. Although initially the reassignment appeared to be successful, psychological problems became progressively more severe during childhood to incapacitation by age 10 years. After it was verified that he had a male sexual identity, reassignment as male began, initially by living as a @entity1 , then with @entity251 therapy. Staged phalloplasty surgery was begun at age 16 years. Currently he has an adult-sized penis, although its function is not yet clear. Sadly, none of the steps to align his sex assignment to his perception as male has significantly alleviated his psychological issues and he continues to be severely impaired and socially compromised. Major issues include the @entity146 that is resistant to psychotherapy and surgical problems with phalloplasty after surgery at infancy that involved reduction of the phallus with recession of the glans to the typical clitoral location. The glans was left intact at the anterior base of the phallus. Genital responsiveness during sexual activity and satisfaction are as yet unknown.

title: Surgical, medical and psychological dilemmas of sex reassignment: report of a 46,XY XXXX assigned female at birth.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['crippling psychiatric disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Between 1968 and 1993, 43 cases of @entity513 in situ of the breast ( @entity3821 ) were treated. We examined the extent of the @entity5 using multiple sections of surgical specimens and considered whether or not breast conserving treatment (BCT) is feasible for treatment of @entity3821 . In nine out of 40 @entity1 (23%), extent of the @entity5 was classified as grade III, defined as extension over a 2.5-cm margin around the @entity5 . Among those nine cases, 67% (6/9) had extensive microcalcification on mammography. With respect to the correlation between the @entity5 size and the extent of the @entity5 , 29%(5/17) of the cases with a small size @entity5 , ie, 1.0 cm or less, showed grade III or greater. All @entity5 with a size of 1.1-2.0 cm showed grade II or lower, and 50%(4/8) of cases with a @entity5 size of 2.1 cm or more showed grade III or greater. Concerning the relationship between the histological subtype and the extent of the @entity5 , 22%(2/9) of @entity189 and 23%(7/30) of noncomedo @entity189 showed grade III or greater. The histological extent thus showed no difference between comedo @entity189 . It follows that, when BCT performed on @entity3821 consists of lumpectomy alone, BCT is feasible when the @entity5 size is 1.1-2.0 cm. without extensive microcalcification on mammography. However, BCT for @entity189 should be approached with caution because of its malignant behavior, although there was no difference in histological extent between comedo and noncomedo @entity189 .

title: XXXX In Situ of the Breast: Is Breast Conserving Treatment Feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'comedo carcinoma', 'carcinoma', 'carcinoma and noncomedo carcinoma', 'comedo carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity513 :: (MESH:D044584,Disease) :: ['Ductal Carcinoma']


abstract: The authors reported a clinico-pathological case survived 11 months after a traffic accident. A 41-year-old @entity1 had been hit by a motor car and was found in a state of semicoma. On admission, his consciousness level was III-100 to 200 (Japan Coma Scale). Pupils were isocoric; light reflex was present. @entity174 of @entity79 was disclosed by Skull X-ray and @entity510 was revealed on CT scan. This comatose state, lasting 24 hours, slowly improved and eventually he presented the so-called @entity9137 until his death. He could not recognized his relatives, only uttered some meaningless words. He was unable to obey simple verbal orders. The @entity1 was incontinent and right pyramidal sign was positive. On repeated CT scans, cerebral ventricles gradually increased in size; especially the enlargement of the fourth ventricle was remarkable. He expired of @entity326 caused by bed sores. At autopsy brain weighed 1190 g. Old gloss contusional scars were observed on the bilateral frontal lobes including the orbital area and on the left temporal pole. Gliding contusions were revealed in the subcortical white matter beneath the left superior frontal convolution. @entity5219 was noted in this region, the deep white matter underlying the left temporal pole and the tissue surrounding the anterior horn of the left lateral ventricle. Nerve fibers were fragmented and lacerated at corpus callosum, anterior commissure and posterior limb of the left internal capsule. Bilateral pyramidal tracts showed mild myelin pallor at the brainstem. Loss of Purkinje cells were observed. This case would correspond to mile type of @entity21 proposed by Adams and Gennarelli. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX (DAI) in an autopsy case of head trauma with long survival].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Linear fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5219 :: ('MESH:D005911', 'Disease') :: ['Fibrillary gliosis']

entities_list: @entity9137 :: ('MESH:D020915', 'Disease') :: ["Korsakoff's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['occipital bone']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['Diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2689 are at risk for catastrophic @entity1580 and @entity397 , but the clinical profile for those at risk is not well described. In addition to reporting two new cases, we performed an electronic search to identify all reported cases of @entity1580 associated with @entity2689 . Particular attention was paid to the reporting of systemic @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) which are known risk factors for @entity2333 in the general population. In total, 85 cases of @entity1580 in @entity1950 were reported between 1961 and 2006. Dissection occurred at a young age, 30.7 (range 4-64) years, which is significantly earlier than its occurrence in the general female population (68 years). Of the cases for which @entity101 and @entity299 were explicitly assessed, 15% had @entity101 alone, 30% had @entity299 alone and 34% had both. Importantly, in 11% of the cases, neither @entity101 nor @entity299 were identified, suggesting that @entity1950 alone is an independent risk factor for @entity1580 ; however, the cases where no risk factors were identified were very poorly documented. Dissection in @entity1 with @entity1950 undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART) frequently resulted in @entity204 . The literature on @entity1580 in @entity1950 is sparse and most cases are poorly documented, making it difficult to establish firm guidelines regarding monitoring and treatment. A @entity1950 @entity1580 registry has been established to better determine the natural history and risk factors (http://www.tssus.org/readweb.asp?wid = 3092).

title: Dissection of the aorta in XXXX : two cases and review of 85 cases in the literature.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'HTN']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']


abstract: Monocytes express many cell surface markers indicative of their inflammatory and activation status. Whether these markers are affected by @entity6 and its complications is not known and was investigated in this study. Blood was obtained from 22 nondiabetic and 43 @entity6 subjects with a duration of @entity6 >10 years, including 25 without and 18 with clinically significant complications. The number of @entity1195 (+) @entity5750 (+) monocytes and the percentage expressing the proinflammatory marker @entity4071 were determined by flow cytometry. Other markers of monocyte activation and expression of chemokine receptors were also examined. The relationship between monocyte @entity4071 and clinical data, selected cytokines, and chemokines was also investigated. @entity6 had no effect on total white cell number but increased monocyte number. @entity6 also significantly decreased the number of @entity4071 (+) monocytes but only in those with @entity2412 . Other markers of monocyte activation status and chemokine receptors were not affected by @entity2412 status. @entity6 induced plasma proinflammatory cytokines and they were lower in @entity6 subjects with complications compared to those without complications. These results suggest that the circulating monocyte phenotype is altered by @entity2412 status. These changes may be causally related to and could potentially be used to predict susceptibility to @entity2412 .

title: Alterations in monocyte @entity4071 in association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes or complications', 'diabetic complications']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetes complications']


abstract: Sequential intravenous and oral @entity2177 (CF) was compared with a combination of @entity2890 and @entity2261 ( @entity14552 ) in the treatment of serious @entity281 . Altogether 310 @entity1 were randomized, 160 receiving CF and @entity55576 , the 2 groups being reasonably well balanced. 29 @entity1 without @entity281 were excluded from the analysis. Complete clinical resolution was obtained in 75% (107/143) @entity1 receiving CF and in 78% (107/138) receiving @entity14552 ; the difference was not statistically significant. The rate of bacterial eradication in @entity295 was 72% (95% confidence interval (95% c.i.): 58-86%) for @entity1 treated with CF and 87% (95% c.i.: 77-96%) when T/C was given, while the eradication rates in @entity293 were 72% (95% c.i.: 54-90%) and 45% (95% c.i.: 23-67%) for CF and T/C, respectively. Significant differences in bacteriological response for other diagnoses were not detected. Also for lower @entity1729 (LTRI) the clinical and bacteriological responses were quite similar, although relatively more @entity177 occurred in CF treated @entity1 with LRTI caused by pneumococci. The frequencies of adverse reactions were comparable, but the reactions were less serious following CF treatment. Our results indicate that CF may be used for empirical treatment of serious infections. However, if pneumococcal etiology is likely, alternative antibiotics should be used, and if necessary, coverage against anaerobic bacteria should be added.

title: XXXX versus a @entity2890 / @entity2261 combination in the treatment of serious @entity281 : a prospective, randomized and controlled study of efficacy and safety.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failures']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity2177 :: (MESH:D002939,Chemical) :: ['Ciprofloxacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of defibrase in @entity1 with @entity385 by a large sample, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity385 within 12 hours of @entity64 onset were randomly assigned to receive either an initial intravenous infusion of defibrase 15 U plus normal saline 250 mL or 250 mL of normal saline only. Subsequent infusions of defibrase 5 U or placebo (normal saline) were given on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 9th day, respectively. Both groups received standard care of @entity385 . The primary efficacy outcome was functional status (Barthel Index) at 3 months after treatment. Safety outcome were @entity548 events and mortality rate. Secondary outcome included Chinese @entity64 Scale (CSS) score at 14 days and recurrence rate of @entity64 at 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 1053 @entity1 were enrolled at 46 centers from September 2001 to July 2003, and 527 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive defibrase and 526 to receive placebo. A similar proportion of @entity1 in both groups completed a full course of treatment. There was a significantly greater proportion of favorable functional status (Barthel Index > or = 95) in defibrase group than in placebo group at 3 months (52.2% vs. 42.8%, P < 0.01), and the proportion of dependent functional status (Barthel Index < or = 60) was a little lower in defibrase group compared with placebo group (27.7% vs. 32.4%). These differences were more obvious among @entity1 who were treated within 6 hours of @entity64 onset. @entity1 in defibrase group had better improvement with respect to CSS score than those in placebo group at 14 days (P < 0.05). Recurrence rate of @entity64 at 1 year was lower in the defibrase group compared with placebo group (6.2% vs. 10.1%, P = 0.053). @entity1 in defibrase group had higher risk of extracranial @entity548 events (4.7% vs. 1.5%, P < 0.01) and a tendency of higher risk of symptomatic @entity932 . The @entity548 incidence was higher in @entity1 with @entity2002 level < 130 mg/dL than > or = 130 mg/dL (10.6% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.05). Mortality rate at 3 months were slightly higher in defibrase group than placebo group (5.9% vs. 4.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The defibrase is effective to improve neurological function and function of daily living for @entity1 with @entity385 within 12 hours of symptom onset. The efficacy was even better for @entity385 within 6 hours of onset. The increased risks of intra- and extracranial @entity548 during defibrase administration were related to the plasma @entity2002 level.

title: Reassessment of defibrase in treatment of XXXX : a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['acute cerebral infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared @entity158 perception and procedure time in abortions performed by residents and faculty using a manual vacuum aspirator and electric vacuum curettage devices. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a randomized trial of 114 @entity1 undergoing first-trimester abortions. @entity1 assessed the level of @entity158 with visual analog scales. RESULTS: The mean procedure times were 5.7 and 6.9 minutes, respectively, with electric vacuum curettage and manual vacuum aspirator. Faculty took less time than residents to perform both procedures. @entity1 reported a higher @entity158 level with cervical dilatation before resident electric vacuum curettage procedures. @entity1 undergoing electric vacuum curettage thought that the procedure noise increased their @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: First-trimester abortion procedures can be performed more quickly by experienced surgeons. The procedure time for the manual vacuum aspirator is greater than that for the electric vacuum curettage. @entity1 @entity158 perception with @entity1173 by these two techniques is not different. The level of @entity158 after @entity1173 did not vary significantly in @entity1 who had abortions performed by residents or faculty.

title: XXXX and time of procedures with two first-trimester abortion techniques performed by residents and faculty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Comparison of pain']


abstract: This is the first study to describe the association between expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 mucins and prognosis in @entity43 . Paraffin sections of @entity43 (n = 182: 29 benign, 21 low malignant potential, and 132 invasive @entity5 ) were analysed immunohistochemically for expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 mucin core proteins. Most benign, low malignant potential, and invasive @entity5 showed high @entity2355 expression in the cytoplasm. Low cytoplasmic expression of @entity2355 was a predictor for good prognosis, particularly within @entity5 . A minority of @entity5 , but most low malignant potential and invasive @entity5 , showed high @entity2355 expression on the cell membrane. High apical @entity2355 reactivity was associated with @entity5 . Low expression of @entity2355 in the apical membrane was associated with early stage and good outcome for invasive @entity5 . Most benign and low malignant potential @entity5 , but only a minority of invasive @entity5 , showed @entity5091 expression. @entity5091 was found in non-mucinous as well as in mucinous @entity5 . The presence of @entity5091 was inversely associated with high @entity5 grade but was not associated with altered survival. These results support experimental evidence that @entity2355 influences the metastatic ability of @entity43 .

title: Expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 mucins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian tumours', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign epithelial tumours', 'stage III tumours', 'tumours', 'non-mucinous tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian tumours']


abstract: @entity4373 ( @entity4373 ) is a major mechanism of increasing proteome diversity in complex organisms. Different @entity4373 transcript isoforms may be translated into peptide sequences of significantly different lengths and @entity535 compositions. One important question, then, is how @entity4373 is constrained by protein structural requirements while peptide sequences may be significantly changed in @entity4373 events. Here, we address this issue by examining whether the intactness of three-dimensional protein structural units (compact units in protein structures, namely protein units [PUs]) tends to be preserved in @entity4373 events in @entity1 . We show that PUs tend to occur in constitutively spliced exons and to overlap constitutive exon boundaries. Furthermore, when PUs are located at the boundaries between two alternatively spliced exons (ASEs), these neighboring ASEs tend to co-occur in different transcript isoforms. In addition, such PU-spanned ASE pairs tend to have a higher frequency of being included in transcript isoforms. ASE regions that overlap with PUs also have lower nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution rate ratios than those that do not overlap with PUs, indicating stronger negative selection pressure in PU-overlapped ASE regions. Of note, we show that PUs have protein domain- and structural orderness-independent effects on messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing. Overall, our results suggest that fine-scale protein structural requirements have significant influences on the splicing patterns of @entity1 mRNAs.

title: Selective constraint on XXXX pre-mRNA splicing by protein structural properties.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4373 :: ('MESH:C536589', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'Alternative splicing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Since the molecular identification of the @entity754 ( @entity754 ), an ever increasing number of related proteins have been discovered. These receptors belonging to the @entity754 family are thought to play key roles in lipoprotein metabolism in a variety of tissues, including the arterial wall. We have discovered that the expression of a 250-kDa mosaic @entity754 -related protein, which we termed @entity15426 for the presence of 11 @entity754 ligand-binding repeats, is markedly induced in smooth muscle cells in the hyperplastic intima of animal models used for the study of @entity731 . Here, we demonstrate that the @entity1 @entity15426 , when overexpressed in hamster cells, binds and internalizes @entity541 ( @entity541 ), an in vitro ligand for all receptors belonging to the @entity754 family. Furthermore, @entity15426 binds the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )-rich lipoproteins, beta-very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), with a high affinity similar to that of other members, such as the @entity754 and @entity28427 . @entity541 and beta-VLDL compete with each other; however, other serum lipoproteins are not able to inhibit their binding. @entity15426 shows specific binding of @entity2204 -enriched HDL prepared from @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid as well as of beta-VLDL, suggesting that the @entity2204 content of lipoproteins is most likely important for mediating the high-affinity binding to the receptor. @entity15426 -overexpressing cells are able to internalize and degrade the bound beta-VLDL; these cells also show increased accumulation of @entity8557 when incubated with beta-VLDL. Incubation for 48 hours with beta-VLDL of @entity15426 -overexpressing cells, but not of control cells, promotes the appearance of numerous intracellular lipid droplets. Taken together, @entity15426 , a mosaic @entity754 family member whose expression in smooth muscle cells is markedly induced in @entity1856 , has all the properties of a receptor for the @entity2101 , particularly for the incorporation of @entity2204 -rich lipoproteins.

title: @entity15426 , a mosaic LDL receptor family member, mediates the uptake of XXXX -rich lipoproteins in vitro.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity541 :: ('4043', 'Gene') :: ['39-kDa receptor-associated protein', 'RAP']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apoE', 'apolipoprotein E']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['endocytosis of lipoproteins']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['ApoE']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is recognized that pregnant teenagers have higher levels of psychological symptomatology compared to older pregnant @entity1 . However, there are limited data on fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy. The aim of this study was to compare levels of psychological symptomatology in fathers in the setting of teenage as compared to non-teenage pregnancy. METHOD: A cross-sectional cohort study was undertaken. Data from interviews with consecutive fathers in the setting of teenage (Teenage) and non-teenage (Control) pregnancy were compared during the antenatal period. Subjects were interviewed to obtain information covering demographic and family information, the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). RESULTS: Significantly more fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy met the case criteria for HADS-A and HADS-D subscales compared to older fathers. They had significantly higher GHQ-28 totals and all subscale scores and were more likely predictive of a young age of @entity204 compared to older fathers. However, formal contact with @entity146 services was similar between groups. Interestingly, 14% of fathers in the setting of teenage pregnancy reported losing their own father as a @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, a high HADS score was significantly associated with younger age of onset of fatherhood and exposure to domestic violence as a @entity1 , whereas having their own father alive was significantly protective against a high HADS score. CONCLUSION: Fathers, in the setting of teenage pregnancy, have unrecognized psychological symptomatology and require services along with teenage mothers.

title: XXXX and @entity308 in fathers in teenage pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: All segments of clinically significant @entity850 in the coronary arteries of 54 @entity1 with @entity5749 were categorised according to the position of the plaques (eccentric or concentric) and the presence or absence of a pool of extracellular lipid. In the group as a whole, @entity850 of greater than 50% by diameter was caused by concentric fibrous plaques in 48% of lesions, by concentric lipid plaques in 28%, by eccentric fibrous plaques in 12%, and by eccentric lipid plaques in 12%. In addition, 43 of the 54 @entity1 had one or more stenoses with multiple channels (recanalisation). Eccentric plaques with an arc of normal vessel wall occupying more than 16% of the circumference of the residual lumen were considered to have a vasospastic potential and made up 15% of all lesions with @entity850 of greater than 50% by diameter. Forty four per cent of plaques causing @entity850 between 30% and 50% by diameter were eccentric and retained a considerable arc of normal media. These lesions were often in series with segments of higher grade @entity850 that did not have an arc of normal media. The overall frequency of plaque types gave no indication of the proportions of different plaque types within an individual. In 15% of @entity1 all the plaques causing greater than 50% diameter @entity850 were fibrous and in 13% of @entity1 all the plaques were of the lipid type. Most @entity1 had mixtures of all plaque types in varying proportions. Plaques with a large pool of lipid were not found in 33% of @entity1 whereas they formed greater than 90% of the plaques in 9% of @entity1 . No segments of @entity850 > 50% by diameter with a vasospastic potential were found in 44% of the @entity1 but one or more such plaques was present in the the remaining 56%. Three @entity1 (6%) each had five separate segments of @entity850 with a vasospastic potential. The results indicate that even in a population of @entity1 with @entity5749 in whom @entity6 is excluded the distribution of types of @entity75 is very heterogenous.

title: Morphological characteristics of clinically significant coronary artery stenosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5749 :: (MESH:D060050,Disease) :: ['stable angina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity4837 , despite continual improvement of diagnostic tests and increasing knowledge regarding its pathogenesis, there is no single test or imaging modality that can reliably define @entity2876 . Early diagnosis is essential for a better surgical outcome. In many situations, mini-laparotomy and operative cholangiography may be needed to settle the definitive diagnosis, with the risk of having negative exploration in those high-risk @entity1 with medical etiology. The use of laparoscopy may help in avoiding unnecessary exploration for such group of @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 aged between 1 and 4 months with conjugated @entity3638 were the subject for this study. All had a HIDA scan result suggestive of @entity2876 . They underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy before surgical exploration. When the gallbladder was not visualized we proceeded to laparotomy. In @entity1 with a good size gallbladder visualized at laparoscopy, a laparoscopic-guided cholangiogram was then performed, and laparoscopic liver biopsy done for those who had patent biliary tree. RESULTS: Two groups of @entity1 were identified: the first group (21 @entity1 ) showed small @entity1085 ; 18 @entity1 had @entity2876 with complete intra- and extrahepatic @entity1146 ; these @entity1 underwent a Kasai hepatic-portoenterostomy. Two @entity1 showed a patent gallbladder and common bile duct with @entity1146 of the common hepatic and intrahepatic ducts, and they underwent a portocholecystostomy. The last @entity1 showed @entity10584 arising from the left lobe of the liver that was missed during laparoscopy, and operative cholangiogram showed @entity5990 . The second group included 12 @entity1 with good-sized gallbladder, and laparoscopic-guided percutaneous cholangiogram showed normal communicating patent biliary system, hypoplastic in 2, and they underwent laparoscopic liver biopsy. No mortality related to the laparoscopic procedure was encountered in this series, and one @entity1 with @entity1085 had adhesive intestinal obstruction on the fifth day after laparoscopy necessitating exploration. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy with laparoscopic-guided cholangiography may be a very useful tool used in accurately diagnosing @entity1 with conjugated @entity3638 , and in avoiding unnecessary laparotomies performed on these critical babies.

title: XXXX : the role of laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['atretic gallbladder', 'hypoplastic gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['managing neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic biliary ducts']

entities_list: @entity10584 :: ('MESH:C537001', 'Disease') :: ['left-sided gallbladder']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['Neonatal jaundice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The lack of registration of @entity1 who have received no or alternative treatment for @entity0 has been criticised. No distinction is made in the Danish @entity5 Register between these @entity1 and those who only receive palliative treatment for other reasons, such as old age, @entity1442 , and competing illnesses. We have estimated the number of @entity1 in this group of @entity1 , who, in reality, had not received any treatment with the intent to cure under the health care system, and whether a meaningful analysis of survival for these @entity1 is feasible. METHOD: All @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed during the years 1978-1995 were extracted from the @entity5 Register, and we isolated those who had been registered as having had no or only palliative treatment and who had survived for a minimum of 45 days after diagnosis. A search was made in the Danish @entity0 Co-operative Group register for unreported treatment and the residual group was followed up individually. RESULTS: Out of 49.058 @entity1 with histologically or cytologically verified @entity0 , the @entity5 Register listed 840 @entity1 with no registered treatment of their disease. Of these, there were 103 cases of @entity189 in situ. A match with the DBCG register revealed that 188 @entity1 had nevertheless been operated on. Among the remaining 549 @entity1 , 99 were truly untreated, and for 77 of these the reasons given were another or @entity1442 or old age. Only 22 @entity1 had initially declined treatment for no specific reason. Five of these had later decided on subsequent curative treatment, which leaves 17 @entity1 in the category " @entity0 untreated at her own request" ("untreated @entity0 at own will"). Nine are dead, five had their @entity5 excised at biopsy, and the remaining three are alive with @entity5 diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy (1) or thru-cut biopsy (2) after 7.7 and 4 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: This report has shown that a survival analysis based on the @entity5 Register of untreated @entity0 in relation to treated @entity0 is not meaningful. A true estimation of survival after untreated versus treated @entity0 can only be achieved through a randomised study, which would be unethical.

title: [Untreated XXXX in Denmark 1978-1995].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In this report, we present an African-American female @entity1 who presented with haematuria to her primary care physician. The symptoms persisted and coexistent metastatic spindle cell-type @entity8 and @entity1358 were discovered on further evaluation. No primary site for @entity320 was identified. Despite aggressive treatment with ipilimumab, the @entity1 's disease progressed quickly. The @entity1 opted for palliative care and was referred to a hospice. Coexistent @entity320 and @entity1358 is exceedingly rare. @entity320 itself is rare in the African-American population. However, when it does present, it usually is at an advanced stage, as was the case in our @entity1 . Since no primary @entity5 site for @entity320 was found and the diagnosis was made after the @entity5 had metastasised, we think this case highlights the importance of cutaneous @entity5 surveillance in the non-Caucasian population. Earlier identification of @entity320 in this population will help to improve outcomes.

title: Coexistent metastatic XXXX with unknown primary and @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['melanoma of the kidney']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Appendectomy was shown to be protective in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). There are fewer data in @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Other operations were less studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and tonsillectomy, including their timing, in @entity1 with @entity29 in comparison to controls. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-one @entity1 with @entity31 and 260 with @entity30 , 475 clinic controls, and 428 community controls were interviewed. RESULTS: Appendectomy was found in 5.5% @entity1 with @entity31 , in 11% of clinic controls (p < 0.05), and 7.7% of community controls (p = not significant). The differences were more significant for appendectomy before onset of disease. Appendectomy was performed in 19.2% of @entity1 with @entity30 , in 10.9% of clinic controls, and in 10.1% of community controls (p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences when only appendectomy before onset of disease was considered. Cholecystectomy was found in 1.5% of @entity1 with @entity31 , in 6.1% of clinic controls (p < 0.01), and in 4.5% of community controls (p = not significant). The difference remained significant when confined to operations performed before disease onset. No such difference was found in @entity1 with @entity30 . No significant difference was found in the prevalence of tonsillectomy between @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Appendectomy is protective in @entity31 ; it is more frequent, but not a risk factor in @entity30 . The role of cholecystectomy should be investigated further.

title: Appendectomy is more frequent but not a risk factor in @entity30 while being protective in @entity31 : a comparison of surgical procedures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: Following hospitalization for orthopedic @entity130 , some @entity1 continue to use opioids following @entity174 healing. This retrospective cohort study of 50 @entity1 with high-energy @entity174 was conducted to determine if toxicology screening tests upon admission can predict subsequent opioid use. Data were collected from clinical records and a statewide electronic database of prescription records. Six months following hospital discharge, those with positive toxicology used more Following hospitalization for orthopedic @entity130 , some @entity1 continue to use opioids following @entity174 healing. This retrospective cohort study of 50 @entity1 with high-energy @entity174 was conducted to determine if toxicology screening tests upon admission can predict subsequent opioid use. Data were collected from clinical records and a statewide electronic database of prescription records. Six months following hospital discharge, those with positive toxicology used more. Following hospitalization for orthopedic @entity130 , some @entity1 continue to use opioids following @entity174 healing. This retrospective cohort study of 50 @entity1 with high-energy @entity174 was conducted to determine if toxicology screening tests upon admission can predict subsequent opioid use. Data were collected from clinical records and a statewide electronic database of prescription records. Six months following hospital discharge, those with positive toxicology used more opioids (730 mg vs. 364 mg; P = .04) expressed as @entity1286 equivalents than those with negative toxicology and were more likely to continue using opiates at the end of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th month after discharge. @entity1 hospitalized for high-energy @entity174 with positive admission toxicology are at risk for prolonged opiate use during the initial six months following discharge.

title: Toxicology screening in orthopedic XXXX @entity1 predicting duration of prescription opioid use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study was conducted. OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between severe @entity1797 (SDD) and segmental instability in cervical @entity602 (CSM) and to discuss surgical treatment for CSM with severe @entity1797 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Information on relationships between segmental instability and @entity1745 in CSM with severe @entity1797 is scarce. METHODS: Radiographs and magnetic resonance images of @entity1 with CSM with (n = 42) and without (n = 75) SDD were reviewed retrospectively. Cervical instability and @entity1745 factors were analyzed. Outcomes of anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) and expansive laminoplasty (ELAP) were evaluated in medical records of follow-up clinics. RESULTS: Segmental instability was found in 71.4% of @entity1 with SDD and 22.7% of @entity1 without SDD. @entity1745 was found at the intervertebral space of SDD and upper adjacent disc space. The recovery rate of ACDF and ELAP was 60.8% and 57.1%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The upper adjacent vertebra above SDD has inclination of segmental instability. There is static @entity1745 in intervertebral spaces of SDD and dynamic compression in upper adjacent intervertebral spaces. Multilevel anterior cervical decompression and fusion or expansive laminoplasty should be used for surgical treatment.

title: Segmental instability in cervical XXXX with severe @entity1797 .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'Spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spondylotic myelopathy']