abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the optic disc topography of @entity1 with ocular @entity195 ( @entity195 ) with age-matched controls, using Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT). METHODS: This study included 32 @entity1 (51 eyes) with @entity2194 (active and/or inactive), 38 @entity1 (74 eyes) with nonocular @entity195 , and 62 normal subjects (62 eyes). All @entity1 and control group underwent complete ophthalmologic evaluation. Intraocular pressure was less than 22 mmHg in @entity1 and in the control group. The optic nerve heads of all subjects were imaged with the HRT (software 2.01a-M). The following stereometric parameters were calculated for each @entity1 : disc area, cup area, cup/disc area ratio, rim area, height variation contour, cup volume, rim volume, mean cup depth, cup shape measure, mean RNFL thickness, and RNFL cross-sectional area. Differences among the groups were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis. When the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant difference between groups, multiple comparison tests were used to find out which groups differed from which others. RESULTS: The mean disc area was significantly smaller (P<0.05) in @entity1 with ocular and nonocular @entity195 . The mean cup area, mean cup depth, and mean cup volume were significantly smaller (P<0.05) in @entity1 with @entity2194 . No significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the other stereometric parameters (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: A small disc and cup may be an additional risk factor for retinal vaso-occlusion in ocular @entity195 .

title: Heidelberg retina tomograph in ocular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Beh  et's disease", 'BD']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Beh  et's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) represents a surrogate marker for micrometastatic @entity189 of the bladder (UCB). OBJECTIVES: We evaluated whether D2-40 immunhistochemistry (IHC) alters detection of LVI when compared to conventional HE ( @entity1710 - @entity1711 ) staining of UCB specimens in a blinded fashion. MATERIAL AND METHODS: HE- and D2-40-IHC-stained representative sections of 80  @entity1 after radical cystectomy (RC) were re-reviewed. LVI detection rates were recorded and compared after blinded evaluation. RESULTS: LVI was present in 53  @entity1 (66.3%) in HE-stained sections and in 44  @entity1 (55%) in D2-40 stainings. In 13  @entity1 , LVI (16.3%) was found in HE stained sections but not confirmed when IHC was applied (false positive when using IHC as a reference standard). D2-40 IHC identified LVI in 4  additional @entity1 (5%) who were classified as LVI negative in conventional HE staining (false negative). 52  @entity1 (65%) were lymph node negative (pN0), 21 of whom (40.4%) were LVI positive in conventional HE sections and 16 of whom (30.8%) were LVI positive in IHC. In 9  pN0 @entity1 (17.3%), LVI was diagnosed in HE sections but not confirmed by IHC (false positive). D2-40 IHC identified LVI in 4  additional @entity1 (7.7%) who were node negative and classified as LVI negative in conventional HE staining (false negative). In @entity1 who experienced recurrence (n=35) and who were classified as pN0 at the time of RC, HE staining resulted both in false-positive (n=2; 5.7%) and false-negative (n=3; 8.6%) findings. CONCLUSION: Different detection rates of LVI were observed when using IHC with D2-40 in UCB @entity1 compared to conventional HE staining. The routine use of D2-40 IHC should be considered in clinical trial design to improve risk stratification of pN0 @entity1 after RC.

title: [Detection of lymphovascular invasion in XXXX of the bladder through D2-40 immunostaining.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: The activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes depends on the enzyme @entity1110 P450 oxidoreductase ( @entity57561 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of the @entity1641 @entity29268 using a system that allows to regulate the @entity57561 protein levels in @entity1 cells. @entity29268 and the @entity1641 @entity57561 were heterologously expressed in V79 cells. In the system used, the @entity57561 protein regulation is based on a destabilizing domain (DD) that transfers its instability to a fused protein. The resulting fusion protein is therefore degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Addition of "Shield-1" prevents the DD fusion protein from degradation. The change of @entity57561 levels at different Shield-1 concentrations was demonstrated by cytochrome c reduction, Western immunoblot analysis, and immunocytochemistry. The alteration of @entity29268 activity was investigated using a substrate (BFC) known to detect @entity57562 activity. @entity1641 @entity29268 was demonstrated to be metabolically active and its activity could be significantly elevated by co-expression of @entity57561 . Cytochrome c reduction was significantly increased in V79- @entity29268 /DD- @entity57561 cells compared to V79- @entity29268 cells. Surprisingly, incubation with different Shield-1 concentrations resulted in a decrease in @entity57561 protein shown by Western immunoblot analysis. Cytochrome c reduction did not change significantly, but the @entity29268 activity decreased more than 4-fold after incubation with 500 nM and 1   M Shield-1 for 24 hours. No differences were obtained when V79- @entity29268 @entity57561 cells with and without Shield-1 were compared. The basal activity levels of V79- @entity29268 /DD- @entity57561 cells were unexpectedly high, indicating that DD/ @entity57561 is not degraded without Shield-1. Shield-1 decreased @entity57561 protein levels and @entity29268 activity suggesting that Shield-1 might impair @entity57561 activity by an unknown mechanism. Although regulation of @entity57561 with the pPTuner system could not be obtained, the cell line V79- @entity29268 /DD- @entity57561 system can be used for further experiments to characterize the @entity1641 @entity29268 since the CYP activity was significantly enhanced with co-expressed @entity57561 .

title: Heterologous Expression of @entity1641 XXXX and Investigation of a Tunable System to Regulate Co-Expressed @entity1110 P450 Oxidoreductase Levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity29268 :: (100067084(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['CYP3A94']


abstract: During a three-year period, 27 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity188 were referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology and accepted for preoperative radiation therapy. The referral was based solely on endoluminal ultrasound staging (ELUS) of an unfavorable lesion (n = 12) or ultrasound staging with the clinical impression of a fixed (n = 9) or tethered (n = 6) lesion. High-dose (4,500-5,600 cGy) preoperative radiation was followed by definitive surgery in four to seven weeks. The gross and microscopic pathology observed in 23 specimens of this group of @entity1 formed the basis of this report. The microscopic findings that persist after radiation allow an accurate determination of the @entity5 stage existing prior to radiation. Correlations are made between the original evaluation of the @entity5 , including ELUS, and the microscopic findings. ELUS accurately predicted the depth of @entity5 penetration in 20 to 23 of 23 specimens and the lymph node status in 16 of 23 specimens. In the context of the pathologic findings as described, downstaging was not demonstrated. Following this radiation protocol, a marked reduction in @entity5 mass was demonstrated, as well as evidence of @entity5 destruction in the remaining mass, varying from minimal to total elimination of viable @entity5 . The concept that radiation @entity82 exists only as it approximates or replaces @entity5 is offered. In the context of this pathologic finding, improved resectability occurred for certain @entity5 . It is recommended that ELUS be added to the clinical evaluation of @entity420 . It is also recommended that the pathologic findings described be used when reporting the stage of @entity5 that have received high-dose preoperative radiation therapy.

title: Preoperative radiation therapy for locally advanced XXXX . Clinicopathologic correlative review.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal tumors', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity188 :: (MESH:D012004,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine prophylaxis with replacement factor  VIII ( @entity2801 ) - the standard of care for severe @entity447 - often requires frequent intravenous infusions (three or four times weekly). An @entity2801 molecule with an extended half-life could reduce infusion frequency. The A-LONG study established the safety, efficacy and prolonged pharmacokinetics of recombinant @entity2801 Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) in previously treated adolescents and adults with severe @entity447 . OBJECTIVE: In this post  hoc analysis, we investigated the relationship between subjects' prestudy ( @entity2801 ) and on-study (rFVIIIFc) regimens. METHODS: We analyzed two subgroups of subjects: prior prophylaxis and on-study individualized prophylaxis (n  =  80), and prior episodic treatment and on-study weekly prophylaxis (n  =  16). Subjects' prestudy dosing regimens and @entity548 rates were compared with their final rFVIIIFc regimens and annualized @entity548 rates (ABRs) in the last 3  months on-study. Dosing regimen simulations based on population pharmacokinetics models for rFVIII and rFVIIIFc were performed. RESULTS: As compared with their prestudy regimen, 79 of 80 (98.8%) subjects on individualized rFVIIIFc prophylaxis decreased their infusion frequency. Overall ABRs were low, with comparable factor consumption. Longer dosing intervals, including 5-day dosing, were associated with higher baseline @entity2880 factor antigen levels. Simulated dosing regimens predicted a greater proportion of subjects with steady-state @entity2801 activity trough levels of >=   1  IU  dL(-1) (1%) with rFVIIIFc than with equivalent rFVIII regimens. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity1 on rFVIIIFc prophylaxis can reduce their infusion frequency as compared with their prior @entity2801 regimen while maintaining low @entity548 rates, affording more @entity1 trough levels of >=   1  IU  dL(-1) than with rFVIII products requiring more frequent dosing regimens.

title: Recombinant factor  VIII Fc fusion protein: extended-interval dosing maintains low @entity548 rates and correlates with XXXX factor levels.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia  A']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity2880 :: (MESH:D014842,Disease) :: ['von Willebrand']


abstract: In isolated ejecting @entity35 and @entity840 hearts, the sensitivity of the time constant tau of left ventricular isovolumic pressure fall, the maximum pressure fall velocity min LVdP/dt, and the relaxation time to different hemodynamic conditions, temperature, and @entity3044 were investigated. Tau was obtained by fitting the isovolumic pressure fall three-parametrically to the exponential p(t) = p infinity + (p0-p infinity) exp (-t/tau) which was found to be superior to semilogarithmic estimation. The influence of different working conditions on the relaxation parameters was tested by a rank correlation test and quantified by calculating standardized regression coefficients. Hemodynamic conditions were altered by changing left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (increasing inflow to the heart) and peak pressure (max LVP, varying aortic outflow resistance), and by atrial pacing (variation of interbeat interval). Lusitropic sensitivity was investigated by changing temperature and by applying @entity3044 . All regression parameters were only moderately sensitive to changes in end-diastolic pressure, max LVP, or heart rate, with the exception of a considerable afterload @entity734 of min LVdP/dt in @entity35 hearts. This @entity734 , however, can be overcome to a large extent by dividing min LVdP/dt by mean aortic pressure. @entity3044 strongly influenced all relaxation parameters, and so did temperature, except for relaxation time in @entity840 hearts. We conclude that tau serves as a reliable relaxation parameter, also in the hearts of small animals with heart rates up to 450 beats/min. In isolated hearts, min LVdP/dt, corrected for afterload @entity734 , is also suitable as a complementary index of the early relaxation phase.

title: Different left ventricular relaxation parameters in isolated working @entity35 and @entity840 hearts. Influence of preload, afterload, temperature, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoprenaline']


abstract: Three small cell @entity5 involving the thyroid gland were examined by light and electron microscopy. In each, numerous similarities were presented on light microscopic analysis rendering interpretation difficult. In the first @entity1 the small cells were identified on electron microscopy as moderately well differentiated lymphocytes. This @entity5 occurred in an elderly @entity1 as a locally invasive @entity259 , subsequently involving distant sites, including the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and soft tissue. The @entity5 repeatedly regressed following radiotherapy. The @entity1 eventually died with disseminated @entity1072 . In the second @entity1 the @entity259 , also locally invasive, was composed principally of neoplastic epithelial cells when studied on electron microscopy. This @entity1 responded poorly to radiation and died within a year after diagnosis. The third @entity1 presented with an enlarging @entity1374 , which ultrastructurally was found to be composed principally of well differentiated lymphocytes. Subsequent clinical evaluation established a diagnosis of @entity1072 . Small cell @entity5 of the thyroid represent a difficult diagnosis problem for surgical pathologists. Ultrastructural study, we believe, is a useful adjunct in the differentiation of these @entity5 .

title: Small cell XXXX of the thyroid. A light and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic lymphoma', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid mass']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: In hippocampal @entity1399 @entity528 , action potentials are typically initiated in the axon and backpropagate into the dendrites, shaping the integration of synaptic activity and influencing the induction of synaptic plasticity. Despite previous reports describing action-potential propagation in the proximal apical dendrites, the extent to which action potentials invade the distal dendrites of @entity1399 @entity528 remains controversial. Using paired somatic and dendritic whole cell recordings, we find that in the dendrites proximal to 280 microm from the soma, single backpropagating action potentials exhibit <50% attenuation from their amplitude in the soma. However, in dendritic recordings distal to 300 microm from the soma, action potentials in most cells backpropagated either strongly (26-42% attenuation; n = 9/20) or weakly (71-87% attenuation; n = 10/20) with only one cell exhibiting an intermediate value (45% attenuation). In experiments combining dual somatic and dendritic whole cell recordings with @entity460 imaging, the amount of @entity460 influx triggered by backpropagating action potentials was correlated with the extent of action-potential invasion of the distal dendrites. Quantitative morphometric analyses revealed that the dichotomy in action-potential backpropagation occurred in the presence of only subtle differences in either the diameter of the primary apical dendrite or branching pattern. In addition, action-potential backpropagation was not dependent on a number of electrophysiological parameters (input resistance, resting potential, voltage sensitivity of @entity2343 ). There was, however, a striking correlation of the shape of the action potential at the soma with its amplitude in the dendrite; larger, faster-rising, and narrower somatic action potentials exhibited more attenuation in the distal dendrites (300-410 microm from the soma). Simple compartmental models of @entity1399 @entity528 revealed that a dichotomy in action-potential backpropagation could be generated in response to subtle manipulations of the distribution of either @entity1372 or @entity972 channels in the dendrites. Backpropagation efficacy could also be influenced by local alterations in @entity2343 , but these effects were highly sensitive to model parameters. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that the observed dichotomy in dendritic action-potential amplitude is conferred primarily by differences in the distribution, density, or modulatory state of voltage-gated channels along the @entity2270 .

title: Dichotomy of action-potential backpropagation in XXXX pyramidal neuron dendrites.

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic side branches', 'dendritic spike amplitude']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['somatodendritic axis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal neurons']

answer: @entity1399 :: (759,Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: @entity14031 is a probe substrate to determine @entity5320 phenotype. The conversion of @entity14031 to @entity3982 by @entity5320 accounts for approximately 60% of total metabolism. Most analytical methods utilize complicated labor- and time-intensive sample processing methods with several liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) steps. Our goal was to develop a non-LLE based rapid and sensitive HPLC method, to measure @entity14031 metabolism in @entity1 liver microsomes. A solid-phase filtration based reverse-phase HPLC method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated. @entity1 liver (n = 6) microsomal incubations were carried out with @entity14031 , under optimum conditions. The analytes were separated by one-step centrifugal filtration with Nanosep separation units. The filtrate was injected ( 50 microL) into a Waters Alliance 2690 HPLC system. Metabolic incubations were also conducted to determine levels using LLE for comparisons. The Nanosep separation step reduced the extraction time from 3h to 40 min. The limit of quantitation was 23.8 nM (9.7 ng/mL), recovery was approximately 98%, the mean precision values were <10% RSD for the controls (80, 320 and 640 nM) and mean percentage error was <5%. Michaelis-Menten parameters were determined to distinguish @entity5320 phenotypes. A rapid and sensitive HPLC method is reported, which may be suitable for automation and allows phenotyping of @entity1 liver microsomes.

title: Development of a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method to determine @entity5320 phenotype in XXXX liver microsomes.

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan', 'dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 are at risk of developing long-term complications such as @entity82 and hepatocarcinoma. It is estimated that half to two-thirds of affected @entity1 will clear the @entity1956 e antigen (HBeAg) naturally before reaching adulthood. As in adults, treatments in @entity1 accelerate the virological response (DNA negativity and HBeAg loss, with anti-HBe seroconversion), which is associated with normalization of transaminase levels. Treatments also favor subsequent loss of @entity1956 surface antigen (HbsAg), the ultimate goal for minimizing long-term consequences. Interferon-alpha was the first approved treatment for @entity6194 , and was shown to promote DNA negativity and HBeAg loss in 26% of treated @entity1 (6 MU/m(2) body surface area for 6 months) at 1 year and 33% at 18 months (versus 11% in controls). 10% of treated @entity1 also lost HBsAg. Adverse effects mainly included @entity221 and growth impairment during the treatment phase. @entity377 analogs have now emerged as promising alternatives for the treatment of chronic @entity1956 . @entity16332 dose-ranging studies showed a higher clearance in @entity1 , and the optimal dosage was established to be 3 mg/kg once daily in @entity1 up to 12 years of age. Efficacy trials showed complete virological response (HBeAg loss and DNA negativity) in 23% of all treated @entity1 after 1 year, and in 34% of @entity1 with initial transaminase levels >2 x the upper limit of normal. @entity16332 resistance due to mutant/variant viruses is observed in 19% of @entity1 after 1 year, a figure that may increase by an average of 20% per year. Other @entity377 analogs, such as @entity24488 , will soon be tested in @entity1 , and have shown promising results in adults without so far demonstrating viral resistance. Finally, therapeutic vaccines aiming to induce a cellular immune response towards @entity1956 antigens are being tested in adults, but no clinical benefit has so far been established.

title: Drug treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide', 'nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever, flu-like symptoms']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['pediatric chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate family physicians' practice patterns for managing @entity308 and mental health concerns among adolescent and adult @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: London, Ont, a mid-sized Canadian city. @entity1 : One hundred sixty-three family physicians identified through the London and District Academy of Medicine. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Practice patterns for managing @entity308 , including screening, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, shared care, and training needs. RESULTS: Response rate was 63%. Family physicians reported spending a substantial portion of their time during @entity1 visits (26% to 50%) addressing mental health issues, with @entity308 being the most common issue (51% to 75% of @entity1 with mental health issues). About 40% of respondents did routine mental health screening, and 60% screened @entity1 with risk factors for @entity308 . Shared care with mental health professionals was common (care was shared for 26% to 50% of @entity1 ). Physicians and @entity1 were moderately satisfied with shared care, but were frustrated by long waiting lists and communication barriers. Most physicians provided psychotherapy to @entity1 in the form of general advice. Differences in practice patterns were observed; physicians treated more adults than adolescents with @entity308 , and they reported greater comfort in treating adults. Although 33% of physicians described using cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), they reported having little training in CBT. Moderate interest was expressed in CBT training, with a preference for a workshop format. CONCLUSION: Although 40% of family physicians routinely screen @entity1 for mental health issues, @entity308 is often not detected. Satisfaction with shared care can be increased through better communication with mental health professionals. Physicians' management of adolescent @entity1 can be improved by further medical training, consultation, and collaboration with mental health professionals. Training in evidence-based treatment of @entity308 is particularly warranted given physicians' limited knowledge of CBT.

title: Managing XXXX in primary care: community survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity158 on infiltration, need for additional anesthesia, and @entity158 on suturing in @entity1 given plain, warm, and buffered @entity3303 preparations before the suturing of traumatic wounds in the emergency department. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, single-blinded convenience sample. SETTING: University hospital ED. @entity1 : @entity1 with traumatic lacerations. @entity1 allergic to @entity3303 and @entity1 with abnormal mental status or altered @entity158 sensorium were excluded. INTERVENTIONS: All wounds were anesthetized by use of a standard injection technique. Wound margins were anesthetized with plain, buffered, or warm @entity3303 in a randomized fashion. @entity158 of infiltration was recorded for each margin by means of a previously validated visual-analogue @entity158 scale. RESULTS: The main outcome parameter was @entity158 . Need for additional anesthesia and @entity158 on suturing were secondary outcome parameters. We evaluated 45 @entity1 . @entity158 on injection varied by the type of @entity3303 (mean @entity158 scores: plain, 8.2; buffered, 4.7 [P < .05 versus plain]; warm, 4.9 [P < .05 versus plain]). There was no significant difference between the mean @entity158 scores of the groups given warm and buffered @entity3303 (P = NS). Need for additional anesthesia and @entity158 on suturing did not vary by the type of anesthesia. The order of injection was not found to influence results. Mean @entity158 scores were not different for margins 1 and 2 in any of the groups (P = NS). CONCLUSION: Both buffered and warmed @entity3303 were as efficacious as plain @entity3303 , and they had significantly less @entity158 associated with infiltration than did plain @entity3303 . In EDs with fluid warmers, warmed @entity3303 may be the most convenient, well-tolerated, efficacious @entity3303 preparation for anesthesia of traumatic wounds.

title: Comparison of plain, warmed, and buffered XXXX for anesthesia of traumatic wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain of infiltration', 'pain']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: There is general agreement that @entity1534 eradication is indicated in all infected @entity1 with @entity4773 and is probably indicated in all infected @entity1 with @entity2275 . However, translation of treatment recommendations into practice leads to some difficult clinical decisions. Three of the more perplexing questions are whether or not all @entity1 with @entity2210 and @entity1534 should be treated, whether or not a definitive diagnosis of @entity1066 should be established by an invasive method, and whether @entity1534 eradication is sufficient to prevent recurrence of bleeding @entity1066 , especially in @entity1 groups that have a high frequency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. Another common problem is the question of whether or not to establish the success of an eradication regimen in an individual @entity1 and the choice of method to obtain this information. There is also an obvious need to develop better antimicrobial regimens aimed specifically at @entity1534 . At the basic level, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms by which @entity1534 produces peptic @entity1066 in 10-20% of infected @entity1 while producing @entity3621 in all infected subjects. There is good evidence that host factors, including intrinsic rate of acid secretion, family history and smoking are independent additive risk factors for @entity1066 . Ingestion of NSAIDs appears to be an independent and separate risk factor. There is evidence that strains of @entity1534 that lack certain genetic markers may have a reduced likelihood of causing @entity1066 , but the ' @entity1066 ' marker is present in the majority of infected subjects without @entity1066 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Unanswered questions about XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer disease']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: AIM: To compare the effects and @entity260 between tissue selecting therapy stapler (TST) and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy (M-M). METHODS: Four hundred and eighty @entity1 with severe prolapsing @entity6713 , who were admitted to the Shenyang Coloproctology Hospital between 2009 and 2012, were randomly divided into observation (n=240) and control (n=240) groups. Hemorrhoidectomies were performed with TST in the observation group and with the M-M technique in the control group. The therapeutic effects, operation security, and @entity260 in the two groups were compared. The immediate and long-term complications were assessed according to corresponding criteria. @entity158 was assessed on a visual analogue scale. The efficacy was assessed by specialized criteria. The follow-up was conducted one year after the operation. RESULTS: The total effective rates of the observation and control groups were 99.5% (217/218) and 98.6% (218/221) respectively; the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.322). Their were significant differences between observation and control groups in intraoperative @entity190 (5.07  1.14 vs 2.45  0.57, P=0.000), @entity158 (12 h after the surgery: 5.08  1.62 vs 7.19  2.01, P=0.000; at first dressing change: 2.64  0.87 vs 4.34  1.15, P=0.000; first defecation: 3.91  1.47 vs 5.63  1.98, P=0.001), urine retention (n=22 vs n=47, P=0.001), anal pendant expansion after the surgery (2.35  0.56 vs 5.16  1.42, P=0.000), operation time (18.3  5.6 min vs 29.5  8.2 min, P=0.000), and the length of hospital stay (5.3  0.6 d vs 11.4  1.8 d, P=0.000). Moreover TST showed significant reductions compared to M-M in the rates of long-term complications such as @entity1241 (n=3 vs n=16, P=0.003), @entity717 (n=1 vs n=9, P=0.011), intractable @entity158 (n=2 vs n=12, P=0.007), and anal discharge (n=3 vs n=23, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: TST for severe prolapsing @entity6713 is a satisfactory technique for more rapid recovery, lower complication rates, and higher operation security.

title: Clinical observations on the treatment of prolapsing XXXX with tissue selecting therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['difficult bowel movement']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoids']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoids']


abstract: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) and @entity565 are closely associated with respect to epidemiology, hereditary factors and occurrence in the same individuals. @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ), the hallmark of @entity565 , can also be a physiopathological feature of @entity483 , even in the absence of clinical @entity565 . We studied 78 subjects with @entity483 . A follow-up study was performed in 27 of these. Data on respiratory and dermatologic symptoms were collected by means of a standardized questionnaire. Skin reactivity was evaluated by prick testing, and in 57 subjects @entity2488 was assessed with a @entity2710 test (Mch). Twenty-one subjects had @entity565 and 36 showed a positive skin reaction. A PC20 FEV1 was measurable in 38 subjects. Males were found more likely to be Mch responders than females (p < 0.05). Mch responders also showed an earlier age at onset of @entity483 than nonresponders (2.1 yrs vs. 6.2, p = 0.03). Determinants of the degree of @entity2488 were evaluated by a stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking the log of the slope of the concentration response curve as dependent variable. In the final model we found that the degree of @entity2488 was directly related to wheezing (p = 0.0017) and coughing (p = 0.04) and inversely related to lung function (p = 0.0082) and age (p = 0.0008). Neither skin reactivity nor grading of @entity483 were statistically significant. The longitudinal study demonstrated that the courses of @entity483 and @entity2488 seem to run parallel only in skin-negative subjects, whereas an increase in @entity2488 was observed in skin-positive subjects.

title: The relationship between allergy, clinical symptoms and bronchial responsiveness in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness', 'BH']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Plants frequently face challenges caused by various abiotic stresses, including drought, and have evolved defense mechanisms to counteract the deleterious effects of these stresses. The phytohormone @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is involved in signal transduction pathways that mediate defense responses of plants to abiotic stress. Here, we report a new function of the CaDIN1 protein in defense responses to abiotic stress. The CaDIN1 gene was strongly induced in pepper leaves exposed to @entity2272 , @entity1219 , and drought stresses. CaDIN1 proteins share high sequence homology with other known @entity60045 proteins and are localized in chloroplasts. We generated CaDIN1-silenced peppers and overexpressing transgenic @entity958 plants and evaluated their response to @entity2272 and drought stress. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaDIN1 in pepper plants conferred enhanced tolerance to drought stress, which was accompanied by low levels of lipid peroxidation in dehydrated leaves. CaDIN1-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to @entity2272 during seed germination and seedling stages. Transgenic plants were more vulnerable to drought than that by the wild-type plants because of decreased expression of @entity2272 responsive stress-related genes and reduced stomatal closure in response to @entity2272 . Together, these results suggest that CaDIN1 modulates drought sensitivity through @entity2272 -mediated cell signaling.

title: Identification and functional roles of CaDIN1 in XXXX signaling and drought sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: @entity11 stem cells (GSCs) have been proven to play key roles in tumorigenesis, @entity3 and recurrence. Although @entity8185 ( @entity4601 ), a derivative of the antimalaria drug @entity507 , has been shown to have anti- @entity5 activity, it is still unclear whether @entity4601 affects GSCs. This study investigated the effects of @entity4601 on the growth and apoptosis of GSCs, as well as the possible molecular mechanism involved in these processes. GSCs were enriched using a non-adhesive culture system with serum-free neural stem cell medium. Their stemness characteristics were identified by assessment of @entity5 sphere formation, mRNA expression analysis, and immunofluorescence staining of stem cell markers ( @entity5439 , @entity4731 , and nestin). We found that @entity4601 not only inhibited proliferation, which was determined with the cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, but also induced apoptosis of GSCs, as evaluated with the @entity4404 /PI flowcytometric assay. Interestingly, @entity4601 treatment also induced a concentration-dependent cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase according to the cell cycle assay. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, we detected the expression levels of p-Akt and Cleaved @entity522 . The data showed that Cleaved @entity522 increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05) after the GSCs sphere cells were treated with 20, 40, and 80  M of @entity4601 for 24 h, which correlated with significantly decreased expression levels of p-Akt (p < 0.05). These data indicate that @entity4601 selectively inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of GSCs through the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation, which is followed by @entity522 activation, and these findings offer a new approach for treating @entity11 .

title: @entity8185 exhibits anti- XXXX stem cell activity through inhibiting p-AKT and activating @entity522 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous @entity6740 remains controversial. The bacteriology of peristomal @entity281 following percutaneous @entity6740 has been poorly studied, leading to uncertainty regarding the optimum choice of antibiotic for prophylaxis. AIM: To investigate the bacteriology of peristomal @entity281 following percutaneous @entity6740 and to determine the contribution of @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 . METHODS: Nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from a consecutive series of @entity1 prior to percutaneous @entity6740 over a 6-month period. Bacterial colonization and @entity281 at the peristomal site were prospectively evaluated at days 2/3 and 7 post-insertion. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 underwent percutaneous @entity6740 (mean age, 68 years; @entity66 , 52%). Naso-pharyngeal colonization by @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (35%) invariably led to peristomal colonization following percutaneous @entity6740 . @entity281 occurred in eight (26%) cases (seven (88%) @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 - positive). @entity281 was significantly more likely to occur in @entity1 with naso-pharyngeal @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization (odds ratio, 10.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-70.9). CONCLUSIONS: Naso-pharyngeal @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization invariably predicts peristomal @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization following percutaneous @entity6740 , and is associated with an increased peristomal @entity281 rate. Currently recommended antibiotic prophylaxis regimens may be inappropriate in institutions with significant @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 colonization rates.

title: @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 XXXX of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy sites.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6740 :: ('MESH:C538388', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic gastrostomy insertion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Peristomal infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: Fifty-six @entity1 with advanced @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were entered into a phase II study of @entity42870 , an ester of @entity5805 and @entity617 . All @entity1 were refractory to extensive prior combination chemotherapy. Therapy with @entity42870 , 100 mg/m2/day orally, was given for three consecutive days every 2 weeks. The overall response rate in 43 evaluable @entity1 was 30% (13/43), with 9% (4/43) achieving complete response (CR) and 21% (9/43) achieving partial response (PR). In the favorable histology subgroup (23 @entity1 ), the response rate was 39% (9/23), with 4% (1/23) achieving CR and 35% (8/23) achieving PR. In the unfavorable histology subgroup (20 @entity1 ), responses were seen in 20% (4/20) with 15% (3/20) achieving CR, all in heavily pretreated @entity4812 . @entity137 of this regimen was mild, with @entity1431 below 3,000/mm3 in 22% and @entity882 below 90,000/mm3 in 16% of @entity1 . A positive correlation was observed between response and hematologic @entity137 , indicating the potential for a dose-escalation schedule in future trials. These data confirm activity of @entity42870 in @entity1893 refractory to standard treatment. In view of its relatively mild @entity137 , we conclude that @entity42870 is an appropriate agent to test in combination chemotherapy regimens in this group of @entity706 .

title: @entity42870 in XXXX : a phase II study of the Northern California Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity42870 :: ('MESH:D011238', 'Chemical') :: ['prednimustine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity4812 :: ('MESH:D016403', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse histiocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ectopic @entity23138 is often identified in @entity28 subjects who are susceptible to the development of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The ectopic @entity23138 favours the @entity1720 (IS) and @entity1254 levels. We aimed to evaluate the effect of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) on the accumulation of ectopic @entity23138 , @entity1254 levels and IS in @entity28 with @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nonrandomised controlled study was performed on sixty-eight @entity1 : 19 lean-control (23.0        2.2  kg/m(2)) and 18 @entity28 -control (35.0        4.8  kg/m(2)) with normal @entity413 tolerance and 31 @entity28 with @entity6 (36.3        3.7  kg/m(2)). Of the 31 @entity6 @entity1 , 20 underwent BPD and were reassessed 1  month and 12  months after surgery. The subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue, epicardial adipose tissue and pericardial adipose tissue were evaluated by ultrasonography. The IS was assessed by a hyperglycaemic clamp, applying the minimal model of @entity413 . RESULTS: One month after surgery, there was a reduction in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues, whereas epicardial and pericardial adipose tissues exhibited significant reduction at the 12-month assessment (p   <   0.01). @entity1254 levels and IS were normalised 1  month after surgery, resembling lean-control values and elevated above the @entity28 -control values (p   <   0.01). After 12  months, the improvement in IS and @entity1254 was maintained, and 17 of the 20 operated @entity1 exhibited fasting @entity413 and glycated haemoglobin within the normal range. CONCLUSIONS: After BPD, positive physiological adaptations occurred in grade I and II @entity28 @entity1 with @entity6 . These adaptations relate to the restoration of IS and @entity393 and explain the acute (1  month) and chronic (12  months) improvements in the glycaemic control.

title: Epicardial and Pericardial @entity23138 in Type 2 XXXX : Favourable Effects of Biliopancreatic Diversion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1254 :: ('9370', 'Gene') :: ['Adiponectin', 'adiponectin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased adiposopathy']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To derive the optimal BMI and waist circumference (WC) cut-off values to predict clustering of @entity65 factors in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A total of 2102 Hong Kong Chinese 12 to 19 years of age were recruited. @entity1 were considered to have clustering of risk factors if at least three of the following risk factors were present: 1) high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) < or = 1.03 mM, 2) low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) > or = 2.6 mM, 3) @entity412 (TG) > or = 1.24 mM, 4) fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) >/=6.1 mM, and 5) age-, sex-, and height-adjusted systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP) > or = 90th percentile. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to identify the optimal age-adjusted BMI and WC cut-off values to predict clustering of risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 separately. These age-adjusted BMI and WC cut-offs were transformed to percentile values. Cole's lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method was used to obtain smoothed age-specific BMI and WC at these percentile values. RESULTS: The areas under ROC curves for BMI in @entity1 and @entity1 were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77 to 0.92] and 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.85), respectively. The respective areas under ROC curves for WC in @entity1 and @entity1 were 0.82 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.91) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87). The optimal BMI thresholds were at the 78th percentile for @entity1 and the 72nd percentile for @entity1 . The respective values for WC were at the 77th percentile for @entity1 and the 76th percentile for @entity1 . The sensitivities and specificities of these cut-off values ranged from 72% to 80%. DISCUSSION: Age- and sex-specific BMI and WC cut-off values can be used to identify adolescents with clustering of @entity65 factors.

title: BMI and waist circumference in predicting XXXX factor clustering in Chinese adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: Autophagy, a cellular pathway for the degradation of damaged organelles and proteins, has gained increasing importance in @entity1 @entity358 , both as a modulator of pathogenesis and as a potential therapeutic target. In this pathway, cytosolic cargos are sequestered into autophagosomes, which are delivered to the lysosomes where they are enzymatically degraded and then recycled as metabolic precursors. Autophagy exerts an important effector function in the regulation of @entity32 , and immune system functions. Selective pathways for autophagic degradation of cargoes may have variable significance in disease pathogenesis. Among these, the autophagic clearance of bacteria (xenophagy) may represent a crucial host defense mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity295 and @entity32 . Our recent studies indicate that the autophagic clearance of mitochondria, a potentially protective program, may aggravate the pathogenesis of @entity1030 by activating cell death programs. We report similar findings with respect to the autophagic clearance of cilia components, which can contribute to airways dysfunction in @entity1030 . In certain diseases such as @entity120 , autophagy may confer protection by modulating proliferation and cell death. In other disorders, such as @entity2416 and @entity1577 , impaired autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis. In @entity2 , autophagy has multiple consequences by limiting @entity105 , modulating therapeutic effectiveness, and promoting @entity5 cell survival. In this review we highlight the multiple functions of autophagy and its selective autophagy subtypes that may be of significance to the pathogenesis of @entity1 disease, with an emphasis on @entity358 and therapeutics.

title: Autophagy in XXXX pathogenesis and therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['lung disease']


abstract: The @entity2361 (D- @entity8907 .) treatment can induce some @entity66 accompanied by autoantibodies: @entity1252 , @entity7271 , @entity1737 . The authors present the results of a systematic study of autoantibody occurrence during D- @entity8907 .-treatment of the @entity309 ( @entity309 ): (1) Anti-nuclear antibodies are slightly positive in 34% of the untreated @entity309 . They appear or enhance in 44% of the treated @entity1 (22/50). They reach high titers (1/500) in two clinical-induced @entity1252 and in three asymptomatic cases. (2) Anti-native DNA antibodies are not found in untreated @entity1 . They become markedly enhanced in two clinical @entity1252 as in three asymptomatic cases (3/50). (3) Anti-epidermal intercellular substance-antibodies are absent in non-treated as well as on @entity7271 -free treated @entity1 (0/40). They are slightly elevated in 5 induced @entity7271 . (4) Anti-striated muscle antibodies are absent in non-treated @entity1 , rarely and moderately elevated (3/40) in the asymptomatic D- @entity8907 .-treated group. These findings could have a practical interest for the survey of the treatment.

title: Autoantibodies in XXXX treated @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity2361 :: (MESH:D010396,Chemical) :: ['D-penicillamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8263 Background: Metastatic involvement of vertebral columnae affects performance status (PS) of @entity5 @entity1 (pts) and compromise the efficacy of treatment. Radiotherapy and surgical management are therapeutical options to relieve @entity5 @entity158 . ( @entity3548 ) can also be an effective modality to treat injured vertebrae. Our objectives were to analyse the clinical benefit of @entity3548 : in avoiding the interruption or delay of the chemotherapy treatment and to obtain @entity158 relief without complications. METHODS: From April 02 to November 03, a total of 26 @entity3548 were performed to 15 pts (7 males and 8 females) with @entity75 . Median age: 58  17 years (22-76). @entity1 had: @entity0 (6), different @entity5 (7) and, @entity1583 (2). @entity158 was evaluated by means of a visual analogical @entity158 scale (EVA), before the @entity3548 , as well at 24 hours, a week and a month after. The incidence of new @entity174 was also registered. RESULTS: An average of 0.7    1.7 (1-3) vertebrae/pt was performed. A new @entity3548 was done in two pts for a new lesion in another level. The basal EVA was of 8,1  1,3 (3-10) and, it decreased in the controls made at 24 hours, 1 week and one month. The EVA values averaged 1,1  1,3 (0-3), 0,2  0,4 (0-4), 1,7   3,0 (0-9) (p<0.01) respectively. Seven pts (46%) were able to start or follow chemotherapy treatment in the next 24 hours after procedure. The cement leaks (CL) were characterized as anterior (3), @entity1211 (6) and, cord channel leak (2). There was a complication in the form of one case of @entity1151 . A prospective study is planned in our Institution to include a larger number of @entity1 and, to evaluate risks, benefits and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3548 is an effective procedure for treating @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity5 and, it appears to have an excellent safety profile. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Vertebroplastia in XXXX with @entity5 injury of the vertebral body; therapeutic effect and short term complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'vertebral body tumour injury', 'solid tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral body lesions']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['posterior or back venous leak']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that @entity1 score better in language tasks using sung rather than spoken stimuli. We examined word detection ease in sung and spoken sentences that were equated for phoneme duration and pitch variations in @entity1 aged 7 to 12 years with @entity10791 ( @entity10791 ) as well as in @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ), and hypothesized that the facilitation effect would vary with language abilities. METHOD: In Experiment 1, 69 @entity1 with @entity10791 (7-10 years old) detected words in sentences that were spoken, sung on pitches extracted from speech, and sung on original scores. In Experiment 2, we added a natural speech rate condition and tested 68 @entity1 with @entity10791 (7-12 years old). In Experiment 3, 16 @entity1 with @entity10870 and 16 age-matched @entity1 with @entity10791 were tested in all four conditions. RESULTS: In both @entity10791 groups, older @entity1 scored better than the younger ones. The matched @entity10791 group scored higher than the @entity10870 group who scored at the level of the younger @entity1 with @entity10791 . None of the experiments showed a facilitation effect of sung over spoken stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: Word detection abilities improved with age in both @entity10791 and @entity10870 groups. Our findings are compatible with the hypothesis of @entity10791 abilities in @entity1 with @entity10870 , and are discussed in light of the role of durational prosodic cues in words detection.

title: Word Detection in Sung and Spoken Sentences in XXXX With Typical Language Development or With Specific Language Impairment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['typical language development', 'TLD', 'delayed language']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['specific language impairment', 'SLI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Adiponectin is an important adipokine. Increasing evidence suggests that altered adiponectin levels are linked with @entity209 . Here we report an important yet previously unrecognized function of adiponectin in lactation by which maternal adiponectin determines the inflammatory status in the nursing neonates. Surprisingly, both maternal adiponectin overexpression in the @entity19 and maternal adiponectin deletion in the knockout @entity19 lead to systemic @entity32 in the pups, manifested as transient hair loss. However, distinct mechanisms are involved. @entity17211 triggers leukocyte infiltration and production of inflammatory cytokines in the lactating mammary gland. In contrast, adiponectin overabundance increases lipid accumulation in the lactating mammary gland, resulting in excessive long-chain @entity1718 in milk. Interestingly, in both cases, the @entity32 and alopecia in the pups can be rescued by Toll-like receptor ( @entity26789 deletion because @entity26789 double-knockout pups are resistant. Mechanistically, long-chain saturated @entity844 activation of inflammatory genes is @entity26789 dependent and can be potentiated by proinflammatory cytokines, indicating that the inflammatory stimuli in both scenarios functionally converge by activating the @entity26789 signaling. Therefore, our findings reveal adiponectin as a dosage-dependent regulator of lactation homeostasis and milk quality that critically controls @entity32 in the nursing neonates. Furthermore, these results suggest that @entity32 may result from maternal adiponectin dysregulation that can be treated by @entity26789 inhibition.

title: Maternal adiponectin controls milk composition to prevent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory infantile disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity17211 :: ('MESH:C567258', 'Disease') :: ['Adiponectin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic and inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['neonatal inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relative impact of 3 and 5 min of hyperventilation (HV) and different sleep stages on the sensitivity of the interictal EEG in @entity1625 . METHODS: We examined 20 @entity1 with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 , 85%) or @entity302 during EEG-monitoring. We compared 6 min EEG (12 epochs of 30s) during/after each: (a) waking; (b) 5 or 3 min of HV; (c) sleep stages 1, 2, 3/4 and REM regarding the frequency of @entity302 ( @entity302 ). The Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test was used. The main endpoint was the comparison of 5 min of HV with sleep stage 2. RESULTS: During sleep stage 2, @entity302 were more frequent than during/after 5 min of HV (P=0.002). Compared to the waking EEG, all NREM-sleep stages activated @entity302 . Sleep stage 2 was associated with the strongest activation. There was no difference between the waking state and REM-sleep. Compared to the waking EEG, neither 3 nor 5 min of HV showed an activation of @entity302 . CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity1315 , sleep stage 2 shows a significantly higher sensitivity for @entity302 than 5 min of HV. Compared to the waking EEG, HV showed no activating effect on @entity302 . These results suggest that in @entity1 with the clinical diagnosis of @entity1315 (and possibly other @entity1625 ) measures to record sleep stage 2 (such as @entity1949 ) should be increased whereas HV appears to be dispensable in this setting.

title: Sleep but not hyperventilation increases the sensitivity of the EEG in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies', 'focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal epilepsy', 'ED', 'epileptiform discharges']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: In the E4 (embryonic day 4) @entity1573 tectal primordium, engrailed expression is strong at the caudal end and gradually weakens toward the rostral end. We used quail- @entity1573 chimeric @entity59099 to investigate how the caudorostral gradient of engrailed expression is established and whether it is correlated with the subsequent @entity6734 of tectal development. To examine the positional value of the tectal primordium, we produced ectopic @entity59099 in the diencephalon by transplanting a part of the mesencephalic alar plate heterotopically. In the ectopic tectum, the gradient of the engrailed expression reversed and the strength of the expression was dependent on the distance from the mes-diencephalon junction; the nearer the ectopic tectum was to the junction, the weaker the expression was. Consequently, the pattern of the engrailed expression in the host and ectopic @entity59099 was nearly a mirror image, suggesting the existence of a repressive influence around the mes-diencephalon junction on the engrailed expression. We examined cytoarchitectonic development in the ectopic @entity59099 , which normally proceeds in a gradient along the @entity2270 ; the rostral shows more advanced lamination than the caudal. In contrast, the caudal part of the ectopic @entity59099 (near to the mes-diencephalon junction) showed more advanced lamination than the rostral. In both the host and ectopic @entity59099 , advanced lamination was observed where the engrailed expression was repressed, and vice versa. Next we studied the correlation between engrailed expression and retinotectal projection from a view of plasticity and @entity2003 of @entity6734 in the tectum. We produced ectopic @entity59099 by anisochronal transplantations between E3 host and E2 donor, and showed that there is little repressive influence at E3 around the mes-diencephalon junction. We then made chimeric double-rostral tectum (caudal half of it was replaced by rostral half of the donor tectum) or double-caudal tectum at E3. The transplants kept their original staining pattern in hosts. Consequently, the chimeric @entity59099 showed wholly negative or positive staining of engrailed protein on the grafted side. In such @entity59099 retinotectal projection pattern was disturbed as if the transplants retained their original position-specific characters. We propose from these heterotopic and anisochronal experiments that the engrailed expression can be a marker for subsequent @entity6734 in the tectum, both as regards cytoarchitectonic development and retinotectal projection.

title: Establishment of XXXX in tectal primordium: engrailed expression and subsequent tectal polarity.

entities_list: @entity6734 :: ('MESH:C538282', 'Disease') :: ['rostrocaudal polarity']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['rostrocaudal axis']

answer: @entity6734 :: (MESH:C538282,Disease) :: ['rostrocaudal polarity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity22 is a common health issue in the modern world. We conducted a systematic review of the auricular therapy, aiming to evaluate whether there are advantages of auricular acupuncture with seed or pellet attachments for the treatment of @entity22 . METHODS: A search of relevant literatures was performed on major medical databases, including Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and so on. Risk of bias evaluation, meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis and evidence rating of all extracted information were conducted also. RESULTS: A total of 1381 records were identified, with 15 studies deemed eligible for the present review. Meta-analyses were conducted in two comparisons separately: @entity1 received auricular acupuncture were more likely to make an improvement in clinical effective rate (RR   =   1.40, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.83), sleep duration ( @entity601   =   56.46, 95% CI 45.61 to 67.31), sleep efficiency( @entity601   =   12.86, 95% CI 9.67 to 16.06), global score on PSQI ( @entity601 = -3.41, 95% CI -3.93 to -2.89), number of awakenings( @entity601   =   -3.27, 95% CI -6.30 to -0.25) and sleep onset latency( @entity601   =   -10.35, 95% CI -14.37 to -6.33) when compared to sham auricular acupuncture or placebo; while in auricular acupuncture VS medications comparison, a better effective rate (RR   =   1.24, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.34), better sleep efficiency( @entity601   =   21.44, 95% CI 16.30 to 26.58), lower PSQI score ( @entity601   =   -3.62, 95% CI -4.59 to -2.65) and less adverse effect (RR   =   0.11, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.26) can be seen also in auricular acupuncture group. Although these results suggested benefits of auricular acupuncture, the overall quality of evidence rated by the GRADE system was low. CONCLUSION: Statistical analyses of the outcomes revealed a positive effect of auricular acupuncture for @entity22 . Nonetheless, considering the poor methodological quality, insufficient sample size and possible publication bias, current evidence is not yet adequate to provide a strong support for the use of auricular acupuncture in the treatment of @entity22 . More strictly designed clinical studies will be needed to obtain a more explicit conclusion.

title: Auricular acupuncture with seed or pellet attachments for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Primary insomnia', 'primary insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['primary insomnia']


abstract: It has been shown that the elevated concentrations of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) or high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) are predictive of future @entity65 for @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) @entity1 . But, the combined value of Ox-LDL and hs-CRP for predicting @entity65 is still unknown. Serum concentrations of Ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and @entity10020 were measured in a prospective cohort of 425 selective @entity1187 @entity1 followed 3-5 years for the occurrence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity204 ( @entity583 / @entity204 ). Among 425 enrolled @entity1 , 124 @entity1 demonstrated @entity583 / @entity204 . Baseline levels of Ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and @entity10020 were significantly higher in @entity583 / @entity204 group than the event-free survival group. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses supported that elevations in Ox-LDL or hs-CRP predicted increased @entity65 risks. However, the strongest risk prediction was achieved by assessing Ox-LDL and hs-CRP together. @entity1 with high levels of Ox-LDL and hs-CRP were more likely to experience @entity583 or @entity204 than those with either Ox-LDL or hs-CRP elevated. Receiver-operating characteristic curves showed that Ox-LDL and hs-CRP have higher sensitivity and specificity than those of @entity10020 for predicting @entity583 or @entity204 . This was reflected by the AUC values for Ox-LDL, hs-CRP, and @entity10020 , which were 0.891, 0.834, and 0.626, respectively. The combined use of Ox-LDL and hs-CRP may improve prognosis after @entity1187 with high-sensitivity and specificity.

title: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein and @entity1851 have combined utility for better predicting prognosis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: The dysregulation in the metabolism of beta-amyloid precursor protein and consequent deposition of @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) has been envisaged as crucial for the development of @entity179 in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity527 begins 10-20 years before the appearance of clinical @entity303 . During this time, the brain is confronted with increasing amounts of toxic @entity5357 peptides and data from the last decade intriguingly suggest that both the innate and the adaptive immune systems may play an important role in the disorder. Innate immunity in the brain is mainly represented by microglial cells, which phagocytose and degrade @entity5357 . As the catabolism of @entity5357 decreases, glial cells become overstimulated and start to produce substances that are toxic to neurons, such as @entity842 and inflammatory proteins. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can be directly toxic or stimulate @entity5357 production and increase its @entity137 . A therapeutic possibility arises from clinical studies, which demonstrate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may delay the onset and slow the progression of @entity195 . Recent data show that in addition to the suppression of inflammatory processes in the brain NSAIDs may decrease the production of @entity5357 peptides. The role of adaptive immunity lies mainly in the fact that @entity5357 can be recognised as an antigen. Immunisation with @entity5357 peptides and peripheral administration of @entity5357 -specific antibodies both @entity527 and @entity73 in @entity19 models of @entity195 . A recent trial in @entity1 seems still to be hampered by adverse effects. As adaptive immunity decreases with aging while innate immunity remains intact, immunotherapy for @entity195 will have to be adapted to this situation. Strategies that combine vaccination and inflammatory drug treatment could be considered.

title: Role of the immune system in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['decrease senile plaques', 'Amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid-beta', 'Abeta']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low body weight was one of the risk factors of @entity170 . Little is known about the correlation between body weight change and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in Korean @entity1 . Therefore, this study was designed to reveal the impact of body weight change on @entity79 of the lumbar spine in perimenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: 105 healthy perimenopausal @entity1 aged between 44 and 50 years old were enrolled from August 2002 to March 2009. @entity79 was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Partial correlation coefficients between body weight change and @entity79 change were calculated after the adjustments for several variables. @entity79 changes among groups based on BMI and the percentage change in body weight during 1-year follow-up period were compared. RESULTS: At both baseline and year 1, @entity79 of lumbar spine tended to be associated more with body weight. There was a significant association between body weight change and @entity79 change in lumbar spine during 1-year follow-up period. The weight gain group relatively showed an increase in @entity79 of lumbar spines than weight loss group. There was no @entity79 change in BMI less than 23 kg/m(2) group, but in case of BMI more than 23 kg/m(2) group, @entity79 in weight gain group increased more than the weight maintaining group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that body weight change is associated with change in @entity79 of lumbar spine in perimenopausal @entity1 especially if they are overweight.

title: The Impact of Body Weight Change on Bone Mineral Density of the Lumbar Spine in Perimenopausal XXXX : A Retrospective, One-year Follow-up Study.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: Activation of Kupffer cells is a prominent feature of @entity99 . We have recently demonstrated that @entity12032 (5-LO) and its accessory protein, 5-LO-activating protein ( @entity19675 ), are essential for the survival of Kupffer cells in culture, as their inhibition drives these liver resident macrophages to programmed cell death. In the current study, we explored whether the potent @entity19675 inhibitor, Bay-X-1005, reduces the number of Kupffer cells in vivo and whether this pharmacological intervention protects the liver from @entity4314 ( @entity14605 )-induced damage. @entity35 treated with @entity14605 showed an increased number of Kupffer cells, an effect that was abrogated by the administration of Bay-X-1005 (100 mg/Kg body weight, per oral, daily). Consistent with a role for Kupffer cells in @entity99 , partial depletion of Kupffer cells following @entity19675 inhibition was associated with a remarkable hepatoprotective action. Indeed, Bay-X-1005 significantly reduced the intense hepatocyte degeneration and large bridging @entity39 induced by @entity14605 treatment. Moreover, Bay-X-1005 induced a reduction in the gelatinolytic activity of @entity11017 ( @entity11017 ) and a decrease in mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of @entity11017 . The @entity19675 inhibitor reduced leukotriene (LT)B(4) and @entity6954 LT levels and down-regulated 5-LO and @entity19675 protein expression in the liver. It is interesting that a significant increase in the hepatic formation of lipoxin A(4), an endogenous, anti-inflammatory lipid mediator involved in the resolution of @entity32 , was observed after the administration of Bay-X-1005. These findings support the concept that modulation of the 5-LO pathway by @entity19675 inhibition may be useful in the prevention of hepatotoxin-induced @entity130 .

title: Inhibition of @entity12032 -activating protein abrogates experimental XXXX : role of Kupffer cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['necro-inflammatory liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['necro-inflammatory injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: We have previously shown that the @entity1 @entity8050 deferens does not change in cross-sectional size between birth and the middle of puberty. This suggests that if the @entity1 @entity8050 is injured prior to mid-puberty, repair by a traditional microsurgical vasovasostomy may be technically difficult. We propose that a chromic stent can be used to assist in the repair of @entity8050 injured before mid-puberty. This hypothesis was tested in @entity35 . At three weeks of age, male offspring were divided into three groups (eight to nine @entity35 /group): 1) Sham group--a sham operation at three weeks, 2) VV group--bilateral transection of vasa at three weeks followed by a delayed repair at eight weeks by microsurgical vasovasostomy without a stent, 3) Stent group--bilateral transection of vasa at three weeks followed by immediate repair by aligning the lumens with a 6-0 chromic intravasal stent (suture) and holding the transected ends together with several seromuscular sutures. At four months all @entity35 were fertility tested and a score was given to each @entity35 (mean number of concepti among three females for each male @entity35 ). Analysis of anastomotic patency by flow rates and histology was performed. There was no statistical difference in the mean fertility score of 6.85 in the Stent group compared to 7.83 in the Sham group. However, a fertility score of 0.71 in the VV group was significantly decreased compared to the Stent and Sham group (p = .0003), despite no statistical difference between the groups in patency. This suggests that a recognized injury to the pre-pubertal @entity1 @entity8050 should be immediately repaired and the repair can be done using 6-0 chromic suture as an intravasal stent to help align the lumina of the smaller pre-pubertal @entity8050 .

title: Injury to the pre-pubertal XXXX deferens. II. Experimental repair.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity8050 :: (24221(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vas']


abstract: Spx is a global regulator that is widespread among the low-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria. Spx has been extensively studied in @entity3881 , where it acts as an activator and a repressor of transcription in response to @entity1520 stress. Under nonstress conditions, Spx is rapidly degraded by the ClpXP protease. This degradation is enhanced by the YjbH adaptor protein. Upon @entity1520 stress, the amount of Spx rapidly increases due to a decrease in degradation. In the opportunistic pathogen @entity794 , Spx is a global regulator influencing growth, biofilm formation, and general stress protection, and cells lacking the spx gene exhibit poor growth also under nonstress conditions. To investigate the mechanism by which the activity of Spx is regulated, we identified a homolog in @entity794 of the @entity3881 yjbH gene. The gene encodes a protein that shows approximately 30% sequence identity to YjbH of @entity3881 . Heterologous expression of @entity794 yjbH in a @entity3881 yjbH mutant restored Spx to wild-type levels both under nonstress conditions and under conditions of @entity1520 stress. From these studies, we conclude that the two YjbH homologues have a conserved physiological function. Accordingly, inactivation of yjbH in @entity794 increased the level of Spx protein and transcription of the Spx-regulated gene trxB. Notably, the yjbH mutant exhibited reduced growth and @entity2118 , and both phenotypes were reversed by complementation of the yjbH gene.

title: The YjbH adaptor protein enhances proteolysis of the transcriptional regulator Spx in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['increased pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B. subtilis']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate the efficiency of using a diathermic loop with an adjustable diameter (Variloop for the treatment of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) in outpatient surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Loop electrosurgical excision was performed on 185 @entity1 , including 21 (11.3%) with low-grade lesions and an endocervical squamocolumnar junction, 44 (23.7%) with CIN2, 118 (63.7%) with CIN3, and 2 (1%) with discrepancies between cytological and histological findings. The procedure was performed in an average of 10 minutes. For 177 @entity1 , local anesthetic was used. In all cases, the specimen was removed in one piece. RESULTS: We observed minimal epithelial distortion with mild @entity39 at the edge of the specimens in 2 of 185 (1%) cases, but this did not interfere with the histological evaluation. Correlation between the biopsy and the conization diagnosis was the best for CIN3, found in 70% of the cases. However, two cases of microinvasion and three cases of @entity420 in situ that were diagnosed were not suspected preoperatively in any of these @entity1 . In 171 of 185 cases (92.4%), there was no endocervical margin involvement. At the 1-year follow-up, two @entity1 had a moderate @entity850 with a squamocolumnar junction not visualized, and two others had a severe @entity850 with a marked cervical narrowing. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the diathermic loop with adjustable diameter (Variloop) allows efficient treatment of @entity3146 , wherein endocervical development does not exceed 15 mm from the external os without causing significant thermic alterations.

title: Large-Loop Excision Using a New Probe: Variloop for the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity3146 :: (MESH:D018290,Disease) :: ['CIN']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity86 formation remains a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a new hydrogel on adhesion formation in a @entity35 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A reproducible @entity35 model was used to induce standardized adhesion formation in three experiments. In experiment 1, a cross-linked @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel ( @entity939 /CMC, A-Part  ; B. Braun Aesculap, Germany) was tested in different dosages. In experiment 2, @entity939 /CMC gel was compared to icodextrin 4% (Adept  ; Baxter USA). In both groups, animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks. In experiment 3, histological examination after 4 and 6 weeks was performed. The percentage of adhesions to the defect was measured and the density was determined according to the Z  hlke scale. During histological examination of the abdominal wall, the formation of neoperitoneum and potential residues of the agents were assessed. RESULTS: In experiment 1, a significant reduction in amount as well as density of the adhesions was visible with all dosages of @entity939 /CMC gel. In experiment 2, again quantity and density of the adhesions were diminished by @entity939 /CMC hydrogel compared to the control group. Icodextrin 4% showed no significant reduction in adhesion formation. In experiment 3, no residues of @entity939 /CMC gel or icodextrin 4% were found during histological examination after 4 and 6 weeks and neoperitoneum was present in all cases. CONCLUSION: @entity939 /CMC hydrogel appears to be a novel effective adhesion prevention agent. Together with an upcoming safety study, these data encourage to start clinical efficacy studies.

title: XXXX prevention with a new barrier: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative adhesion']


abstract: A total of 110 @entity1 who had reported @entity322 to their general practitioners were randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. Treatment consisted of pelvic floor exercises in the case of @entity3142 and bladder training in the case of urge @entity322 . The results were measured after 3 and 12 months by a research assistant on the basis of a constructed severity scale, an @entity322 diary, and a comparison by the @entity1 themselves of their previous and current conditions. After 3 months the control group were given the same treatment. After a further 3 and 12 months, they were assessed in exactly the same way as the treatment group. After 3 months about 60% of the @entity1 were either dry or only mildly incontinent; the mean number of wet episodes had gone down from 20 to 7, and 74% of the @entity1 felt improved or cured. These results were later corroborated by the control group. After 12 months this successful outcome was improved slightly further. It may be concluded that the majority of @entity1 with @entity322 can be successfully treated by the general practitioner. The effect of this treatment continues after one year.

title: The effects of treatment of XXXX in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: PURPOSE: Hope is said to be important in recovery from illness or injury, supporting adjustment, perseverance, and positive outcomes. There has been little exploration of hope in @entity1 after @entity64 . This is reflected in the literature, which lacks consistent definition and terminology. This purpose of this article is to clarify the concept of hope after @entity64 and to synthesize the findings to propose a working model of hope. METHOD: A systematic literature search was completed. Articles were included if they explored hope from the perspective of @entity1 with @entity64 or if hope was reported as a key finding in a study. Coding, analytic questions, and matrices were used to extract data and to compare, contrast, and synthesize conceptualizations, processes, and outcomes of hope. This was guided by a concept analysis methodology. RESULTS: The literature search identified 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria. Analysis of these articles suggested hope was conceptualized in 3 interrelated ways - as an inner state, as being outcome-oriented, and as an active process. Findings suggested that internal and external resources contributed to the development of hope. Hope was perceived to be linked with positive outcomes and functioned as a motivator and source of strength through recovery. Hope reflected elements also found in the concepts of expectations, goals, and optimism. CONCLUSION: This novel approach to analysis has furthered the understanding of hope. It has proposed a working model of hope that could be used by clinicians in considering hope with their clients and @entity1 .

title: Understanding hope after XXXX : a systematic review of the literature using concept analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A clone was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from @entity109 -treated @entity35 @entity35 liver and proven to correspond to the full-length mRNA of a polymorphic variant of Sprague-Dawley @entity7570 . Eight @entity377 differences were detected in a single 76- @entity377 stretch and confirmed to be present in the genomic clone. They are seated in a region implicated in the definition of a substrate binding domain of the native P450. Three out of the eight @entity377 changes are nonconservative, implicating the replacement of Thr/Ala 207, @entity815 /Ile 213, and Ile/ @entity2596 232. This is the first report of an allelic variant of @entity7570 , a new example of interstrain P450 variability. The @entity12531 subfamily is composed of several genes coding for active @entity251 6 beta-hydroxylases which are expressed in the liver. @entity12531 genes are under strong and distinct developmental regulation. Conversely to @entity7570 , transiently expressed in immature animals, @entity12284 is constitutively expressed in the liver early after birth and characterized by an extinction in the adult females. Castration of 90-day-old male @entity35 causes a @entity353 (80%) of @entity12284 mRNA relative abundance. Administration of @entity3033 restores the physiological levels of @entity12284 mRNA characteristic of the male @entity35 liver. Our results demonstrate the existence of a direct relationship between the male hormonal status and the constitutive expression of @entity35 liver @entity12284 .

title: Cloning and characterization of a novel @entity7570 allelic variant: analysis of @entity7570 and @entity12284 sex-hormone-dependent expression reveals that the XXXX gene is regulated by @entity251 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['drastic reduction']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity12284 :: (266682(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CYP3A2']


abstract: Abstract Background and study design: Several physical therapy classification systems exist for @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). Little is known about how these systems could be integrated in clinical practice. This case report describes an episode of care utilizing elements of the @entity146 ( @entity146 ), @entity717 ( @entity717 ) and treatment-based classification (TBC) systems. Case description: @entity1 History - the @entity1 was a 40-year-old male presenting to an outpatient musculoskeletal clinic with a complaint of chronic @entity1643 . Examination and diagnosis - there was moderate loss of lumbar extension ROM and joint mobility, and @entity717 with active movement tests. Modified @entity717 Index score   =   8%. @entity158 was described as 6/10. Intervention - the @entity1 was treated once per week for seven consecutive weeks. Intervention focused on sitting postural corrections ( @entity717 ), functional movement corrections ( @entity717 ), lumbar mobilization (TBC) and extension-based exercise ( @entity146 ). Outcomes - at discharge, the @entity1 reported a decrease in @entity158 intensity (worst @entity158 0 to 1 out of 10) and demonstrated an improvement in the quality of lumbar movement and overall function. Discussion: Symptomatic response to active movement, observations of quality of movement and joint mobility assessment were key factors in directing a therapeutic program that was successful in helping the @entity1 meet his treatment goals.

title: An integrated approach to the examination and treatment of a XXXX with @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain', 'LBP']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mechanical diagnosis and therapy', 'MDT']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Worst pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'movement system impairment', 'Oswestry Disability', 'excessive lumbar flexion and rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing complexity of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic @entity1563 (CTO) leads to a significant increase of radiation exposure for both @entity1 and operator. OBJECTIVE: To study the potential of modified settings of the X- @entity16039 equipment combined with operator protocols to reduce radiation dose despite increasing procedural complexity. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed a consecutive cohort of 984 PCIs for CTOs in 863 @entity1 between January 2010 and July 2015. During that period, the X- @entity16039 equipment was changed from an analog to a digital detector system, and a subsequent filter and imaging modification was implemented. The fluoroscopy settings were reduced from 15 pulses/s to 7.5, and then to 6. The cine framerate was reduced from 15 to 7.5/s. For the last time period, with optimized settings, procedural, and lesion related factors influencing the radiation exposure were analyzed. RESULTS: The lesion complexity increased from a J-CTO score of 1.64 to 2.33 with an increase of retrograde procedures from 21.6 to 50.4%. With a similar fluoroscopy time, the dose area product was reduced from period 1 to 2 by 20%, and further by 7% to period 3. There was a significant reduction of Air Kerma from period 2 to 3 from 3.5 to 2.7 Gy. The operator exposure was reduced by more than half. The @entity1 's weight and the complexity of the procedure were the main determinants of radiation exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The radiation exposure for @entity1 and operator was decreased considerably during the three observation periods despite an increase in lesion and procedural complexity. Rigorous implementation of radiation device settings did reduce radiation exposure without impeding procedural success.    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Reduction of radiation exposure during complex interventions for chronic XXXX : Implementing low dose radiation protocols without affecting procedural success rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['total coronary occlusions']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['total coronary occlusions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coronary slow flow (CSF) is a special @entity301 . The pathogenesis and effective therapeutics of CSF remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the global and regional functions of the left ventricle (LV) and investigate the efficacy of @entity7976 in @entity1 with CSF. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with CSF in the left anterior descending (LAD) branch and 20 @entity1 with normal coronary arteries were included. Global and regional functions of the LV supplied by LAD were measured using conventional Doppler echocardiography and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography, respectively, within 24   h after coronary angiography. Concentrations of plasma @entity842 (NO) and @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) were detected using colorimetry and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The function of the LV and the levels of NO and @entity2232 were also investigated before and 90 days after treatment with 15   mg/day of @entity7976 . RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the early diastolic peak velocity (E), E/A ratio, and plasma NO levels were lower, whereas the late diastolic peak flow velocity (A) and plasma @entity2232 levels were significantly higher in the CSF group (P<0.05). The @entity6475 rate peak of the LV was reduced significantly in CSF @entity1 (P<0.001). After treatment, 75% (27/36) of CSF @entity1 were free of @entity662 . The values of E peak, E/A ratio, @entity6475 rate peak, and plasma NO level were increased (P<0.001), whereas the @entity2232 level was decreased in CSF @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity7976 may improve @entity662 symptoms and the impaired function of the LV, possibly by increasing plasma NO and reducing @entity2232 in CSF.

title: @entity7976 improves myocardial function by regulating plasma @entity842 and XXXX in coronary slow flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary microvascular disorder']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil', 'Nicorandil']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']