abstract: OBJECTIVES: Aim of this research was an immunofluorescent study and to measure immunoglobulins status of the @entity1127 in the nose and paranasal cavities. BACKGROUND: Polyps of the nose and the paranasal cavities are very often guised, and their frequency is growing with increasing chemicals and allergens. These factors interfere important research on @entity1127 . Developments in allergology and immunology help in the detection of etiopathogenetical mechanisms of @entity1412 development, like the disturbance in mucus immunity. METHODS: Clinical material was collected from 100 hospitalized @entity1 at the Department for otorinolarynology, Clinical center of @entity22412 . All @entity1 had transnasal ethmoidectomy and polypectomy. In 19 @entity1 trepanation of maxillary sinus (Coldwell Luc's) was made. Materials were examined by immunofluorescense. RESULTS: IgA immunofluorescency was negative in all examined parameters when examined under a ultraviolet luminescent with immunofluorescent microscope. IgM immunofluorescency was also negative in all examined parameters while IgG immunofluorescency was positive, but with different degree of intensity. The @entity30023 fraction complement showed positive immunofluorescency in 80% with standard intensity ++++ in all examined preparations. CONCLUSION: Study of adenoids approved disarrangement in immune elimination in all examined preparations has shown very little immunity including the "second line of defense". High percent positive @entity30023 complement fractions, with alongside emphasis on IgG response, instigate existing humoral reaction. The epithelium is very liable to many recurrent infections, wherewith beginning end of one permanent etiopathogenetical circle IgG- @entity30023 -mastocits-eozinophils-lgA. Profusely blocked immune-eliminations and large production of mucous can cause some @entity11766 (Tab. 2, Fig. 2, Ref. 15). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

title: Immunofluorescent study of XXXX in nose and paranasal cavities.

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis in @entity1 and adolescents has not been well studied in Mexico. OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemiological characteristics of @entity1569 in this age group. METHODS: This is a retrospective study in an academic, tertiary care dermatology center from January 1999 to December 2014. We included @entity1 <=  18 years of age, with clinical and histopathological diagnosis of @entity1569 . We recorded the following information: gender, age, disease duration, clinical variant, @entity36010 involvement, treatment, and family history. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. RESULTS: Of 2,491 @entity1 with @entity1569 , 280 were <=  18 years of age, resulting in a prevalence of 11%. There was female predominance and the mean age was 11.5 years. Disease duration was 18    34 months. Plaque @entity1569 was the most common form, comprising 191 cases (68%). @entity36010 involvement occurred in only 15 @entity1 (5%). Topical treatment was given to 177 @entity1 (63%). Only 14 cases (5%) had a family history of @entity1569 . These variables did not differ when @entity1 were compared with adolescents, except in those with a @entity66 duration (13    19 vs. 24    29 months; p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: We found a higher prevalence of @entity1569 than previously published studies in this age group and a lower frequency of @entity36010 involvement and family history of @entity1569 .

title: Psoriasis in @entity1 and Adolescents: Epidemiological Study of 280 XXXX from Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: A three month prospective study was carried out in 1994 (8/3/94 - 7/6/94) and late 2004/early 2005 (24/11/2004 - 15/2/2005) among @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) (serum @entity1011 > 0.200 mmol/1). Incidence of @entity810 had increased from 0.48% (78/16,418) to 1.1% (211/18,697) of admissions between 1994 and 2004. Two thirds of @entity1 were male. Mean age was 57.7 +/- 20.1 years in 1994 and 55.6 +/- 17.8 years in 2004. No difference was noted in causative factors, rate of oliguric @entity810 (about 10%) and mean peak @entity1133 and @entity1011 . The cause was pre-renal failure in 43.6% in 1994 and 53.5% in 2004. The second commonest cause was @entity295 with 41% in 1994 and 37.9% in 2004. One in six @entity1 needed dialysis and peritoneal dialysis was the main dialysis modality (69.2% and 74.3%). Mortality was 56.4% in 1994 and 44.5% in 2004. A quarter of @entity204 occurred within two days of admission due to severe underlying illness. Mortality among non-oliguric @entity1 decreased from 52.9% in 1994 to 37.0% in 2004 (p = 0.04); for @entity1 from intensive care units it was 78.3% in 1994 and 68.5% in 2004.

title: XXXX in the same hospital ten years apart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute renal failure']


abstract: Colonoscopy is a familiar and well-tolerated procedure and is widely used as a diagnostic and therapeutic modality by both gastroenterologists and surgeons. Although perforation and @entity548 are the most common complications, @entity130 or @entity397 is a rare but potentially lethal complication. We report a case of @entity9440 diagnosed 18 hours after colonoscopy, which required emergent splenectomy. We also reviewed over 39 other cases of @entity9440 or injury after colonoscopy reported in the English literature. Despite being an infrequent complication, @entity9440 warrants a high degree of clinical suspicion critical to prompt diagnosis. Most @entity1 present with symptoms within 24 hours after colonoscopy, although delayed presentation days later has been described. CT scan of the abdomen is the radiological study of choice to evaluate colonoscopic complications. @entity130 can be managed conservatively or with @entity1416 depending on the extent of @entity130 , but splenectomy remains definitive management. Clinical criteria are the primary determinants in choosing operative therapy over observation. Herein, possible risk factors for @entity130 during colonoscopy are identified, and clinical outcomes are evaluated.

title: XXXX after colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'splenic trauma', 'Splenic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity9440 :: (MESH:D013161,Disease) :: ['Splenic rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A population of adult @entity161 @entity1 was assessed to discover how the @entity1 viewed their childhood, whether their view differed from @entity161 , and to determine any association between parental rearing practices as perceived by the @entity1 , childhood personality as perceived by the mother, and current symptoms. Type and level of @entity5785 shown by parents towards @entity1 was also examined. METHOD: Parental attitudes, as perceived by 50 @entity161 @entity1 , were assessed by the EMBU scale. @entity1 ' premorbid personality and social adjustment were assessed through interviews with @entity1 ' mothers by the Scale for the Assessment of Premorbid Schizoid and Schizotypal Traits and the Premorbid Social Adjustment Scale. Current symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Subjective Deficit Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: @entity1 saw little difference between fathers' and mothers' attitudes. There was a positive correlation between parental rejection and overprotection, and a negative correlation between rejection and warmth. There were no significant correlations between parental rearing attitudes and @entity1 ' childhood personality; there was a significant correlation between parental attitudes and current symptoms. Rejection and overprotection were associated with more severe, warmth with less severe symptoms, especially so for positive @entity161 symptoms and general psychopathology. Although there was no association between the general level of @entity5785 shown by the parent towards the adult @entity1 , and @entity1 ' perceived parental rearing attitudes, parents with high @entity5785 on the basis of hostility had higher rejection scores on the parental rearing attitudes scale. CONCLUSIONS: @entity161 @entity1 saw their parents as showing much less warmth, and the severity of currents symptoms was associated with perceived parental rearing attitudes. The hostility component of high @entity5785 may be a parental trait which exists before the illness begins.

title: The Nithsdale @entity161 Surveys. XIII. Parental rearing patterns, current symptomatology and relatives' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenic', 'non-schizophrenic adults']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['expressed emotion']

answer: @entity5785 :: (MESH:D001039,Disease) :: ['expressed emotion']


abstract: Protein @entity4333 ( @entity4333 ) appears to be involved in the regulation of many cellular processes. Control mechanisms that lead to the activation (and deactivation) of the various holoenzymes to initiate appropriate dephosphorylation events remain obscure. The core components of all @entity4333 holoenzymes are the catalytic ( @entity35681 ) and 63-65-kD regulatory (PR65) subunits. Monospecific and affinity-purified antibodies against both @entity35681 and PR65 show that these proteins are ubiquitously localized in the cytoplasm and the nucleus in nontransformed fibroblasts. As determined by quantitative immunofluorescence the core subunits of @entity4333 are twofold more concentrated in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Detailed analysis of synchronized cells reveals striking changes in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio of @entity35681 -specific immunoreactivity albeit the total amounts of neither @entity35681 nor PR65 in each compartment alters significantly during the cell cycle. Our results imply that differential methylation of @entity35681 occurs at the @entity18403 boundaries. Specifically a demethylated form of @entity35681 is found in the cytoplasm of G1 cells, and in the nucleus of S and G2 cells. In addition nuclear @entity4333 holoenzymes appear to undergo conformational changes at the @entity18403 boundaries. During mitosis @entity4333 is lost from the nuclear compartment, and unlike protein phosphatase 1 shows no specific association with the condensed chromatin.

title: Differential methylation and altered conformation of cytoplasmic and nuclear forms of protein XXXX during cell cycle progression.

answer: @entity4333 :: (5524,Gene) :: ['phosphatase 2A']


abstract: @entity7960 ( @entity7960 ) is a @entity14827 with autosomical recessive inheritance. The purpose of this paper is to present two cases of @entity7960 with @entity2167 , demonstrated by @entity392 ( @entity392 ) and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). The @entity1 were two adolescent @entity1 . Both @entity1 underwent behavioral pure-tone audiometry, BAEP, @entity392 , motor nerve conduction measurement, and magnetic resonance image studies. Both @entity1 showed at least five of nine clinical criteria for @entity7960 . They also showed abnormal BAEP and normal @entity392 indicating @entity2167 . One @entity1 showed normal thresholds on behavioral pure-tone audiometry, whereas the other @entity1 showed a mild @entity1274 . In one case there was absence of peripheral caloric vestibular response, and electronystagmographic abnormalities compatible with @entity76 . Cochlear function as assessed by @entity392 had not been reported previously in cases of @entity7960 . We conclude that @entity2167 should be considered in @entity1 diagnosed as @entity7960 . Furthermore, BAEP and @entity392 should be included in the diagnostic routine in these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity7960 . A report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ['Friedreich ataxia', 'FA']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['Otoacoustic emissions', 'OAE']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity2167 :: (MESH:D006311,Disease) :: ['Auditory neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various treatments are currently available for @entity1709 . However, results are often disappointing. OBJECTIVES: 1 To assess the efficacy and safety of combinations of @entity8156 , @entity25104 , and @entity4023 in the treatment of @entity1709 after topical application. 2 To evaluate the dermoscopy as a tool in diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1709 treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with mild, moderate-to-severe @entity1709 were divided into five groups. Group I (twenty @entity1 were treated with cream formula containing 4% @entity8156 ), group II (twenty @entity1 were treated with cream formula containing 4% @entity8156  +  10% @entity25104 ), group III (twenty @entity1 were treated with cream formula containing 4% @entity8156  +  0.01% @entity4023 ), group IV (twenty @entity1 were treated with cream formula containing 4% @entity8156  +  10% @entity25104  0.01% @entity4023 ), and group V (twenty @entity1 were treated with placebo cream). All @entity1 were subjected to dermoscopic examination and digital photographs before and after treatment. The response and side effects were evaluated. RESULTS: Groups I, III, and IV showed highly significant changes in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score after using the treatment. Group II showed significant change in mMASI score after using the treatment. The side effects were more reported in group II, followed by group IV, followed by group I, followed by group III. There was highly significant difference between the dermoscopic color findings before and after treatment. Vascularization was another dermoscopic finding. CONCLUSION: A cream formula containing 4% @entity8156  +  10% @entity25104  0.01% @entity4023 was very effective in treatment of @entity1709 with tolerable side effects. Dermoscope is a valuable noninvasive tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1709 treatment.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of combinations of @entity8156 , @entity25104 , and @entity4023 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid', 'glycolic acid  +']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity1709 :: (MESH:D008548,Disease) :: ['melasma']


abstract: The cerebellum is often active in imaging studies of @entity2414 , consistent with a putative role in articulatory rehearsal. While @entity1 with @entity76 occasionally exhibit a mild impairment on standard neuropsychological tests of working memory, these tests are not diagnostic for exploring these processes in detail. The current study was designed to determine whether damage to the cerebellum is associated with @entity73 tasks, and if so, under what circumstances. Moreover, we assessed the hypothesis that these impairments are related to impaired rehearsal mechanisms. @entity1 with damage to the cerebellum (n = 15) exhibited a selective @entity2414 : spatial forward and backward spans were normal, but forward and backward verbal spans were lower than controls. While the differences were significant, digit spans were relatively preserved, especially in comparison to the dramatic reductions typically observed in classic 'short-term memory' @entity1 with perisylvian @entity75 . The @entity1 tended to be more impaired on a verbal version compared to a spatial version of a working memory task with a long delay and this impairment was correlated with overall symptom and @entity4653 severity. These results are consistent with a contribution of the cerebellum to rehearsal and suggest that inclusion of a delay before recall is especially detrimental in individuals with @entity76 . However, when we examined markers of rehearsal (i.e. word-length and articulatory suppression effects) in an immediate serial recall task, we found that qualitative aspects of the @entity1 ' rehearsal strategies were unaffected. We propose that the cerebellum may contribute to @entity2414 during the initial phonological encoding and/or by strengthening memory traces rather than by fundamentally subserving covert articulatory rehearsal.

title: @entity76 produces selective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments on a range of verbal working memory']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar damage']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in verbal working memory', 'verbal working memory']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['deficits in verbal working memory']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment for @entity263 has a significant impact on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We examined HRQOL immediately after diagnosis and treatment @entity676 years after treatment for a cohort of @entity1 with early and @entity5 . METHODS: We studied 692 @entity1 enrolled in CaPSURE, a large national observational data base of @entity1 with @entity263 . General and disease-specific HRQOL were measured with validated instruments at study entry and quarterly thereafter. Individuals were grouped by initial treatment: radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and observation (ie, no treatment in first year). Trends in HRQOL scores were evaluated immediately after treatment through 2 years, adjusting for age and length of follow-up. RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy demonstrated statistically significant increases in functioning in general and in disease-specific components during the year after treatment when compared with scores immediately after treatment. @entity1 receiving radiotherapy and hormonal therapy had significant improvements in @entity1 reports of health change during the year. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy have low HRQOL scores just after treatment in almost all general and disease-specific areas, but at 1 year there is a sharp improvement. @entity1 undergoing observation, radiotherapy, or hormonal therapy remain stable over time. All treatment groups continue to have decrements in sexual function.

title: Changes in health-related quality of life in the first year after treatment for XXXX : results from CaPSURE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['late-stage prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Painful @entity1797 is a common cause for spinal surgery. There is a clinical need to develop injectable biomaterials capable of promoting IVD regeneration, yet many available biomaterials do not mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or promote matrix production. This study aimed to develop a decellularized injectable @entity291 ECM material that maintains structural and compositional features of native tissue and promotes nucleus pulposus (NP) cell ( @entity11408 ) and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adaption. Injectable decellularized ECM constructs were created using 3 NP tissue decellularization methods (con.A: @entity6743 , con.B: @entity6743 _ @entity3208 , con.C: @entity6743 , @entity3208 _ @entity6000 ) and evaluated for protein, microstructure, and for cell adaptation in 21 day @entity1 @entity11408 and MSC culture experiments. Con.A was most efficient at DNA depletion, preserved best collagen microstructure and content, and maintained the highest glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content. NPCs in decellularized constructs of con.A_B demonstrated newly synthesized GAG production, which was apparent from 'halos' of GAG staining surrounding seeded NPCs. Con.A also promoted MSC adaption with high cell viability and ECM production. The injectable decellularized NP biomaterial that used @entity6743 without additional decellularization steps maintained native NP tissue structure and composition closest to natural ECM and promoted cellular adaptation of NP cells and MSCs. This natural decellularized biomaterial warrants further investigation for its potential as an injectable cell seeded supplement to augment NP replacement biomaterials and deliver NPCs or MSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Development of a XXXX decellularized extracellular matrix-biomaterial for nucleus pulposus regeneration.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is used as a second-line immuno-modulator in @entity1 with @entity29 when @entity10043 analogs are not tolerated or lack efficacy. High-level evidence indicates efficacy for intramuscular administration in @entity30 , but there are few reports of experience with subcutaneous delivery. This study aimed to evaluate the response to and tolerance of @entity1500 where subcutaneous administration was the preferred option. METHOD: The records of all @entity1 treated with @entity1500 were evaluated with regard to the dose, duration, response, and tolerance to @entity1500 . Remission was defined as improvement in symptoms with no corticosteroid requirement for 3 months or ability to wean off @entity230 . RESULTS: @entity1500 was initiated in 45 @entity1 with @entity30 and 23 @entity31 (median age, 46 years; range, 20-80 years; 54% @entity1 ) because of intolerance (69%) or resistance (31%) to @entity10043 analogues. @entity1500 was initiated in 74% of @entity1 in doses of 25 mg (33) or 20 mg (17), administered by subcutaneous self-injection in 90% of subjects. Remission was achieved in 24 of 45 (53%) with @entity30 and 11 of 23 (48%) with @entity31 . An additional four (9%) @entity1 with @entity30 and three @entity1 (13%) with @entity31 demonstrated symptomatic improvement and/or ability to decrease @entity228 dose. While nine @entity1 ceased therapy and nine successfully reduced their doses due to intolerance, three of four @entity1 had no adverse effects. Subcutaneous delivery was well accepted. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneously administered @entity1500 exhibits apparent efficacy, acceptance, tolerance, and safety in @entity1 with @entity30 or @entity31 who are @entity134 -dependent and where @entity10043 analogs have been ineffective or intolerable.

title: A single center experience of @entity1499 in the treatment of XXXX and @entity31 : a case for subcutaneous administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postexcision residual disease in the vidian canal is speculated to contribute to recurrence in @entity18871 . METHODS: We composed a prospective cohort of 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity18871 (stages IIA-IIIB). The presurgical vidian canal assessment was done by contrast-enhanced CT (1.2 mm collimation). At surgery after complete @entity5 excision, the vidian canal tissue was sampled for histology. Postexcision drilling of the vidian canal was done in 8 of 15 @entity1 to remove @entity66 , with a 24 to 48 month follow-up period. RESULTS: Presurgical radiology indicated @entity1283 (>= 3 mm)/destruction in 13 of 16 @entity1 . Radiologically occult involvement was documented only by histology in another 1 of 16 @entity1 . Postexcision sampling of the vidian canal noted microscopic @entity41 in 3 of 15 @entity1 . No recurrences were noted in 8 cases (0 of 8) with postexcision drilling of the vidian canal and 2 recurrences in 7 cases (2 of 7) with no drilling (p   =   .20). CONCLUSION: Vidian canal involvement in @entity18871 is almost universal (14 of 16) and may be occult to CT evaluation. The site may harbor microscopic @entity41 after seemingly complete excision. Surgical attention toward it may reduce recurrences.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E421-425, 2016.

title: Overt and occult vidian canal involvement in XXXX and its possible impact on recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral vidian canal enlargement']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile angiofibroma']


abstract: Oncogenic mutations resulting in activated Ras @entity3007 ( @entity3007 ) are prevalent in 30% of all @entity1 @entity5 , but not @entity11809 . Several growth factors/receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis of malignant @entity816 including @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) receptors, plus the highly potent and specific angiogenic @entity7 ( @entity7 ). A significant proportion of these @entity5 also express a truncated @entity4179 , which is constitutively activated. Our work demonstrates that the mitogenic signals from both the normal @entity3820 and @entity4179 and the truncated @entity4179 activate Ras. Inhibition of Ras by genetic or pharmacological strategies leads to decreased @entity816 tumorgenic growth in vitro and decreased expression of @entity7 . This suggests that these agents may be potentially important as novel anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic therapies for @entity1 malignant @entity816 . In contrast to @entity816 , where increased levels of activated Ras GTP results from transmitted signals from activated growth factor receptors, the loss of neurofibromin is postulated to lead to functional up-regulation of the Ras pathway in @entity1264 ( @entity1265 ). We have demonstrated that @entity1265 @entity3292 and @entity6011 , compared to non- @entity1265 @entity808 , have markedly elevated levels of activated Ras GTP. Increased Ras GTP was associated with @entity5 vascularity in the @entity1265 @entity6011 , perhaps related to increased @entity7 secretion. The role of Ras inhibitors as potential therapy in this @entity5 is also under study.

title: Ras activation in XXXX and @entity3292 .

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['GTP', 'Guanosine Triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'increased tumor']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis-1']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['platelet derived growth factor', 'PDGF-R']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity11809 :: ('MESH:D009423', 'Disease') :: ['primary nervous system tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']


abstract: The effect of @entity28 on @entity801 disposition was studied in 60 obstetric and gynecologic @entity1 receiving treatment for Gram-negative infections. Thirty @entity1 whose body weights were within 20 per cent of their ideal body weight were the control group. Thirty additional @entity1 had body weights at least 30 per cent greater than ideal body weight and were the @entity28 group. The two groups had similar ages, heights, ideal body weights (IBW), lean body weights (LBW), and elimination rates of @entity801 . The distribution volumes, expressed as liters or standardized to ideal body weight, lean body weight, or total body weight, were significantly different in the controls from those in @entity28 @entity1 . The distribution volume averaged (+/- S.D.) 0.19 +/- 0.06 1./kg in controls. The contribution of excess weight to additional drug volume averaged (+/- S.D.) 0.05 +/- 0.161./kg. Excess weight thus contributes less volume per kilogram than ideal body weight or lean body weight. A substantial interpatient variability existed in the measured distribution volume for all groups. Measuring serum concentrations and adjusting a @entity1 's dosage regimen are imperative to ensure therapeutic serum concentrations.

title: Effect of @entity28 on XXXX pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: Previous in vitro studies indicated that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and @entity35 liver myofibroblasts (rMF) have to be regarded as different cell populations of the myofibroblastic lineage with fibrogenic potential. Employing the discrimination features defined by these studies the localization of HSC and rMF was analyzed in diseased livers. Normal and acutely as well as chronically @entity4314 -injured livers were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. In normal livers HSC [ @entity10944 /glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)-positive cells] were distributed in the @entity99 , while rMF ( @entity10944 /smooth muscle alpha actin-positive, GFAP-negative cells colocalized with @entity49280 ) were located in the portal field, the walls of central veins, and only occasionally in the parenchyma. @entity99 was characterized almost exclusively by an increase in the number of HSC, while the amount of rMF was nearly unchanged. In early stages of @entity82 , HSC and rMF were detected within the developing scars. In advanced stages of @entity82 , HSC were mainly present at the scar-parenchymal interface, while rMF accounted for the majority of the cells located within the scar. At every stage of fibrogenesis, rMF, in contrast to HSC, were only occasionally detected in the @entity99 . HSC and rMF are present in normal and diseased livers in distinct compartments and respond differentially to tissue injury. @entity99 is followed by an almost exclusive increase in the number of HSC, while in chronically injured livers not only HSC but also rMF are involved in scar formation.

title: Localization of liver myofibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells in normal and diseased XXXX livers: distinct roles of (myo-)fibroblast subpopulations in hepatic tissue repair.

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'hepatic parenchyma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rituximab has enriched our armamentarium in the treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated @entity1333 . Two randomised controlled trials have shown that rituximab is non-inferior compared with cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine for the induction of remission. The newly diagnosed @entity1 in the Rituximab in @entity19417 (RAVE) and Rituximab Versus Cyclophosphamide in @entity19417 (RITUXVAS) trials had a numerically higher response rate in the cyclophosphamide/azathioprine arm, and the number of such @entity1 treated with rituximab numbered <90. We are arguing that in newly diagnosed @entity1 , the evidence for rituximab requires further confirmation and the length of experience with a cyclophosphamide-based induction therapy supports it continuing as the preferred first choice for induction. Also, there is an absence of information regarding rituximab as 'sole' remission induction along with steroids in @entity1 with advanced renal presentations or @entity548 . Reported side effects were similar in both trials; however, the number of @entity1 with at least one serious adverse event following rituximab induction treatment was numerically higher in the RAVE trial. In addition, hypogammaglobulinaemia with the need of substitution in some cases and late-onset neutropaenia are complications not seen with cyclophosphamide. Over the longer term it is unclear what relapse prevention strategy should be employed after rituximab, and there was a trend to a higher relapse risk after rituximab in the RITUXVAS trial at 2 years. Further health economic studies are required to understand all the costs associated with rituximab. In the context of concomitant underlying infectious complications, in terms of fertility concerns, especially in young @entity1 , and when @entity5 is underlying we would recommend the use of rituximab as first-line therapy.

title: Con: Should all patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated XXXX be primarily treated with rituximab?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['lung haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-Associated Vasculitis']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: @entity74 occur frequently in @entity1 with @entity8787 , with @entity991 and @entity201 being the most clinically significant for endoscopists. Endoscopic therapy for @entity991 is effective in improving symptoms, biochemical parameters, and @entity854 . Endoscopic therapy may also confer survival benefit, but this has yet to be confirmed in randomized, controlled trials. Treatment should be restricted to those individuals with a rapid decline in liver function testing or those with recurrent @entity255 . @entity201 is a serious complication of @entity991 and carries an extremely poor prognosis. ERCP with brush cytology has a relatively low sensitivity and the diagnosis is usually made after the disease has become metastatic. Malignant @entity253 can be palliated by endoscopic stenting. Photodynamic therapy is a promising experimental technique that may confer symptomatic and survival benefit in @entity1 with nonresectable, advanced @entity201 . @entity8787 @entity1 also have an elevated risk for developing @entity1689 as well as @entity3210 . The majority of cases of acute @entity788 are likely due to medication side effects and local structural complications of @entity8787 . The remainder may possibly represent true extraintestinal manifestations of @entity8787 . @entity1689 is frequently subclinical, but may be accompanied by clinically relevant exocrine insufficiency. ERCP is the test of choice for the diagnosis of @entity1689 , but the role of endoscopy in the therapeutic management of @entity8787 -associated @entity1689 remains to be defined.

title: XXXX in inflammatory bowel disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis', 'acute and chronic pancreatitis', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatobiliary disorders']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic and biliary tract disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The authors describe an unusual case of @entity438 . The problem of deciding between endovascular and open vascular surgery and what are the tools necessary to choose the most appropriate procedure are discussed in this report. CASE REPORT: A @entity1 55 years old was admitted to the hospital for an unspecified @entity490 . Subsequent examinations (TC and angiography) showed a large @entity438 without any sign of @entity397 . Endovascular treatment was excluded because of the extreme tortuosity of the artery; the @entity1 underwent open surgical operation of legation of the @entity439 and splenectomy. The @entity1 was discharged in 6th postoperative day. DISCUSSION: @entity438 are usually an occasional finding but they are related with an important risk of @entity397 and mortality; elective treatment both surgical and endovascular is recommended. Emergency surgery is still complicated with an high rate of mortality related to the @entity1 's comorbidities. Endovascular treatment by covered stent-graft or selective embolization may represent the best option but it can be proposed only after an accurate selection of the @entity1 . Endovascular treatment also seems to be feasible even in emergency but only in very selected cases and in expert vascular-interventional units. Laparoscopic surgery has been performed only sporadically. CONCLUSIONS: We would like to point out that nowadays the treatment of @entity438 doesn't give a real choice and each case should be assessed singularly with the purpose to choose the best therapeutic approach either percutaneous or surgical.

title: [Giant XXXX : case report and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Splenic artery aneurysm', 'giant aneurysm of the splenic artery', 'splenic artery aneurysm', 'aneurysm of the splenic artery']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['aneurysm of the splenic artery']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the comparative impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) in bone marrow @entity3 of solid @entity5 . METHODS: In 20 @entity1 with solid @entity5 MRI of the axial skeleton and whole-body @entity236 were retrospectively reviewed. Detectability of @entity3 , extent of disease and therapeutic implications were assessed. RESULTS: In 15/20 (75%) @entity1 MRI and @entity236 concordantly revealed bone marrow @entity3 of the axial skeleton. In nine of these 15 @entity1 (60%) MRI showed more @entity3 . Local radiotherapy or surgery was performed in seven of these cases (78%). @entity236 detected additional @entity3 of the appendicular skeleton in 8/15 (53%) @entity1 . In 4/20 cases (20%) the imaging findings were discordant. In three @entity1 with degenerative changes (n=2) or @entity362 (n=1) @entity236 was false positive. In another @entity1 @entity236 failed to detect @entity3 proven by MRI and clinical follow-up resulting in subsequent radiation therapy. One @entity1 had normal bone marrow. CONCLUSION: MRI appears to be more sensitive and specific in the detection of bone marrow @entity3 in the axial skeleton and is of clinical importance for subsequent local therapy.

title: Comparative diagnostic value and therapeutic relevance of magnetic resonance imaging and @entity236 in @entity1 with metastatic solid XXXX of the axial skeleton.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'bone marrow scintigraphy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Local excision is a suitable approach for treating sessile @entity652 and @entity420 of the rectum. The indication for transmural @entity189 (T2 and T3) is a matter of debate and no randomized studies have been reported to date. The early and long-term results of a consecutive series of 160 @entity1 who underwent local excision in our departments are reported. Sixty-three @entity1 (39%) had @entity652 and 97 @entity1 (61%) @entity189 . Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity189 (48%) received adjuvant therapy. @entity260 occurred in 25 @entity1 (15%). The complication rates were 13% (8/63) for @entity652 and 18% (17/97) for @entity189 . Only 1 @entity1 died during the postoperative period as a result of unrelated causes. The overall local recurrence rates were 3% and 24%, respectively. Among the @entity420 recurrence was related to staging, @entity5 clearance at the resection margins and use of chemo- and radiotherapy. No recurrences were reported among the T2 @entity1 submitted to neoadjuvant treatment. A difference versus radical surgery was observed for T3 @entity1 only. Local excision and transanal endoscopic microsurgery in particular is worthwhile in @entity2513 of the rectum. @entity1 with @entity5 should be treated with preoperative chemo- and radiotherapy. @entity1 with @entity5 should be treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery for palliative purposes only.

title: [Local excision of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3 tumors', 'T2 tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'early adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas and T1 carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal tumors']


abstract: The mammary gland has the ability to undergo repeated cycles of tightly regulated postnatal proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis-mediated regression, providing a model to investigate potential regulators of mammary epithelial growth and differentiation. Protein kinase C @entity11081 is a candidate regulator of mammary epithelial differentiation, as increased expression of @entity6164 @entity11081 is often observed during the terminal differentiation of many epithelial tissues. In this study, @entity6164 @entity11081 expression and localization were characterized during puberty, pregnancy, lactation and involution in isolated @entity35 mammary epithelial cells (MEC), as well as in paraffin-embedded and frozen @entity35 mammary gland sections. By Western blot analysis of whole cell lysates from purified MEC, @entity6164 @entity11081 protein expression increased during the shift from resting to a pregnant state. This increased @entity6164 @entity11081 protein expression during pregnancy was associated with alveolar rather than ductal development, as immunohistochemical staining for @entity6164 @entity11081 was increased in differentiating secretory alveoli, but not ducts. By immunofluorescent staining, @entity6164 @entity11081 was stained intensely in an intracellular reticular meshwork throughout the cytosol of alveolar epithelial cells from pregnant mammary gland. During lactation, @entity6164 @entity11081 was abundant in apocrine bodies budding from the alveolar epithelium, in the lumen of alveoli, and was present in milk, in association with casein, while being decreased in the cytoplasm of the luminal alveolar epithelium. Staining intensity of alveoli for @entity6164 @entity11081 decreased further during involution. Western blotting of subcellular fractions from isolated mammary epithelial cells demonstrated that @entity6164 @entity11081 remained associated with the membrane and particulate fractions throughout development. The upregulation of @entity6164 @entity11081 in alveolar but not ductal epithelium during pregnancy suggests an association with functional secretory differentiation.

title: Protein kinase C eta upregulation and secretion during postnatal XXXX mammary gland differentiation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Enzymopathies of @entity2388 kinase (PK) are characterized by polymorphism. Nine distinct variants of the L-type from 10 @entity1 suffering from nonspherocytic @entity417 have been identified by electrophoretic and kinetic methods. Typical changes of the electrophoretic mobility and kinetic properties of the L-type and K-type of PK can be produced by incubation of cytolysates and tissue homogenates in the presence of trypsin. After trypsinization the three distinct forms of the L-type from liver and erythrocytes show identical mobility. Trypsinization of haemolysates has proved to be a diagnostic tool for the differentiation of PK variants. The results also allow to distinguish whether the mutation is located in the region of the peptide chain which is split off by trypsin or not. In three cases the occurrence of two instead of one enzyme form after trypsinization indicates a double heterozygote heredity of @entity24523 . The appearance of the K-type isoenzyme of PK in red blood cells may be considered as a physiological event during a limited period of erythropoiesis. The K-isoenzyme was found only in samples of red blood cells containing erythroblasts. One of the @entity1 has shown a still unknown form of PK. The properties of this form resembled those of the major part of PK from @entity1 placenta.

title: [Identification of XXXX kinase variants from red blood cells using trypsinization and electrophoresis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity24523 :: ('MESH:C564858', 'Disease') :: ['PK-deficiency']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['haemolytic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity6 has risen rapidly in the Middle East, particularly in the Gulf Region. However, some prevalence estimates have not fully accounted for large migrant worker populations and have focused on minority indigenous populations. The objectives of the UAE National @entity6 and Lifestyle Study are to: (i) define the prevalence of, and risk factors for, T2DM; (ii) describe the distribution and determinants of T2DM risk factors; (iii) study health knowledge, attitudes, and (iv) identify gene-environment interactions; and (v) develop baseline data for evaluation of future intervention programs. METHODS: Given the high burden of @entity6 in the region and the absence of accurate data on non-UAE nationals in the UAE, a representative sample of the non-UAE nationals was essential. We used an innovative methodology in which non-UAE nationals were sampled when attending the mandatory biannual health check that is required for visa renewal. Such an approach could also be used in other countries in the region. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 2719 eligible non-UAE nationals (25.9% Arabs, 70.7% Asian non-Arabs, 1.1% African non-Arabs, and 2.3% Westerners). Most were @entity1   <   65 years of age. The response rate was 68%, and the non-response was greater among @entity1 than @entity1 ; 26.9% earned less than UAE Dirham (AED) 24   000 (US 6500) and the most common areas of employment were as managers or professionals, in service and sales, and unskilled occupations. Most (37.4%) had completed high school and 4.1% had a postgraduate degree. CONCLUSION: This novel methodology could provide insights for epidemiological studies in the UAE and other Gulf States, particularly for expatriates.

title: Novel approach to systematic random sampling in population surveys: Lessons from the United Arab Emirates National XXXX Study (UAEDIAB).

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare survival of resected and unresected @entity1 in a large cohort of @entity1 with @entity3 to the pancreas from @entity1358 (PM- @entity1358 ). METHODS: Data from 16 Italian centers involved in the treatment of metastatic @entity1358 were retrospectively collected. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test methods were used to evaluate overall survival (OS). Clinical variables considered were sex, age, concomitant @entity3 to other sites, surgical resection of PM- @entity1358 , and time to PM- @entity1358 occurrence. RESULTS: Overall, 103 consecutive @entity1 with radically resected @entity5 were enrolled in the analysis. PM-RCCs were synchronous in only three @entity1 (3  %). In 56 @entity1 (54  %), the pancreas was the only metastatic site, whereas in the other 47 @entity1 , lung (57  %), lymph nodes (28  %), and liver (21  %) were the most common concomitant metastatic sites. Median time for PM- @entity1358 occurrence was 9.6  years (range 0-24  years) after nephrectomy. Surgical resection of PM- @entity1358 was performed in 44 @entity1 (median OS 103  months), while 59 @entity1 were treated with @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs; median OS 86  months) (p  =  0.201). At multivariate analysis, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk group was the only independent prognostic factor. None of the other clinical variables, such as age, sex, pancreatic surgery, or the presence of concomitant @entity3 , were significantly associated with outcome in PM- @entity1358 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of PM- @entity1358 is associated with a long survival, and surgical resection does not improve survival in comparison with TKI therapy. However, surgical resection leads to a percentage of disease-free PM- @entity1358 @entity1 .

title: Surgical Resection Does Not Improve Survival in @entity1 with Renal Metastases to the Pancreas in the Era of XXXX Kinase Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['Tyrosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The khat plant is a stimulant similar to @entity4944 and is thought to induce @entity3361 . Khat is widely chewed by individuals originating from the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of khat chewers presenting with @entity1187 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From October 1, 2008, through June, 30, 2009, 7399 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1187 were enrolled in the Second Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE-2). Nineteen percent of @entity1 were khat chewers; 81% were not. Khat chewers were older, more often male, and less likely to have cardiovascular risk factors. Khat chewers were less likely to have a history of @entity453 and more likely to present late and to have higher heart rate and advanced Killip class on admission. Khat chewers were more likely to present with ST-segment-elevation @entity583 . Overall, khat chewers had higher risk of @entity204 , recurrent @entity741 , @entity1455 , @entity943 , and @entity64 compared with non-khat chewers. After adjustment for baseline variability, khat chewing was found to be an independent risk factor of @entity204 and for recurrent @entity63 , @entity712 , and @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm earlier observations of worse in-hospital outcome among @entity1187 @entity1 who chew khat. This worse outcome persists up to 1 year from the index event. This observational report underscores the importance of improving education concerning the cardiovascular risks of khat chewing.

title: XXXX and khat herbal @entity4944 use: an observational report.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties on a diverse array of immune cell lineages, including regulatory T and B cells (Tregs and Bregs, respectively). However, their specific effects and mechanisms underlying induction of Bregs remain unclear. The immune regulatory function of MSCs is exerted through both cell-cell contact and the release of soluble factors. The main objective of this study was to examine the role of the @entity19149 - @entity9843 / @entity67469 axis in the secretory action of MSCs, and potential effects on the immunoregulatory function of these cells. METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity19 bone marrow and characterized according to their multilineage differentiation potential and their surface antigen expression. @entity6440 (+) B cells purified from @entity19 splenocytes were co-cultured with MSCs at various ratios in the presence of @entity558 and aCD40. After 4 days, intracellular @entity1618 production and cell surface @entity776 and @entity6689 expression by @entity6440 (+) B cells were determined using flow cytometry, and the secretion of @entity1618 , @entity777 , IgM, and IgG were assessed with ELISA. MSCs were treated with different concentrations of stromal derived factor-1a (SDF-1a) stimuli or transiently overexpressed with @entity67469 . and their cell viability and immune regulatory effects of MSCs on Bregs were assessed. RESULTS: MSCs induced @entity1618 -producing regulatory B cells and primarily stimulated the @entity776 (+) @entity6689 (+)B cell subset of @entity1618 +Breg cells to express @entity1618 . @entity1618 , @entity777 , and IgM secretion were additionally induced by MSCs. The @entity67469 pathway was required for MSC viability and the production of paracrine factors under SDF-1a culture condition. Low concentrations of SDF-1a promoted the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs, leading to a further increase in @entity1618 -producing regulatory B cells and @entity1618 secretion. In contrast, high concentrations of SDF-1a inhibited MSCs induction of @entity1618 (+)Breg cells. Notably, @entity67469 overexpression in MSCs reversed the inhibitory effect of high concentrations of SDF-1a and promoted the immunomodulatory effect of these cells. CONCLUSION: MSCs induce @entity1618 (+)Breg cells, which contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive environment. SDF-1a and its receptor, @entity67469 play important roles in the immunomodulatory function of MSCs by regulating their paracrine actions.

title: Induction of Regulatory B-Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cells is Affected by SDF-1a- XXXX .

answer: @entity67469 :: (12778(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCR7']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction. @entity302 is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system. The prevalence of @entity302 throughout the world is 0.5 to 1%, and the same rate is 7.8 per 1000 in Kerman. Almost 20 to 30% of @entity302 @entity1 do not respond properly to common medications. The present study investigated @entity1 who did not respond to common and, even in some cases, adjuvant therapies, with two @entity410 or more per week, regardless of the type of the inflicted @entity302 . Methodology. The @entity1 of the present double-blind study were randomly selected into three 10-member groups of uncontrolled @entity302 @entity1 ( @entity369 , @entity367 , and @entity376 ). The @entity1 used @entity3689 powder dissolved in water (three times the daily need) every day for two weeks before breakfast. The number of @entity410 was recorded one week prior to commencing @entity3689 use, as well as the first and the second weeks subsequent to use. Results. A total of 32 @entity1 were studied in three groups. The decline rates of @entity410 were 53%, 41%, and 13%, and the P value was 0.013, 0.027, and 0.720, respectively. Conclusion. Administration of the charged @entity1522 , @entity369 , and @entity367 can decrease the @entity410 of @entity1 suffering from uncontrolled @entity302 .

title: Evaluation of the Effects of Charged @entity1522 on Uncontrolled XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plate fixation of displaced midshaft @entity174 has been shown to decrease nonunion, symptomatic malunion, and residual shoulder disability compared with nonoperative treatment. However hardware-related complications are a problem. The new features of the precontoured locking plates may reduce the need for hardware removal, thus maintaining the advantages of plate fixation. This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with displaced midshaft @entity174 treated with precontoured locking plates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2008 to December 2012, we surgically treated 72 @entity1 with displaced midshaft @entity174 . We retrospectively evaluated 68 @entity1 who underwent 68 interventions. Postoperative functional outcomes were assessed with the Constant score, the 11-item version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) questionnaire, and radiographs. @entity158 was subjectively assessed with a visual analog scale. Complications were recorded. @entity1 were asked if they were able to return to their previous employment level. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 23.6      10.7  months. The average values of the Constant, QuickDASH, and visual analog scale scores were 97.8, 1.8, and 0.4 points, respectively. At the last follow-up, 98.5% were able to return to their regular work. Of 15 complications (22.1%) that occurred, only 3 were considered as major: 1 subclavian vein extrinsic compression, 1 nonunion, and 1 hardware loosening. Hardware removal was required in 9 @entity1 (13.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Satisfactory clinical results with a low rate of complications were achieved with precontoured locking plates for displaced midshaft @entity174 and a low rate of hardware removal compared with traditional plates.

title: Surgical treatment of displaced midshaft XXXX with precontoured plates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicular fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the histological changes observed in testicular tissue might be correlated with pregnancy outcome in intracytoplasmic sperm injection-testicular sperm extraction (TESE) cycles in nonobstructive azoospermic @entity1 . Embryo quality was also tested in various types of histology. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed the pathology results of 209 testicular biopsies from nonobstructive azoospermic @entity1 in our assisted reproductive technologies clinic. According to the final pathology reports, the study group was divided into the following categories: Group A (Sertoli-cell-only), Group B ( @entity1167 ), Group C ( @entity6660 ), Group D (normal spermatogenesis), and Group E (mixed pattern). RESULTS: Spermatozoa were identified in 114 of 209 cases (54.5%). Sperm retrieval and presence of motile spermatozoa after TESE was highest in normal spermatogenesis and lowest in Sertoli-cell-only groups. Fertilization rate was highest in the normal spermatogenesis and @entity6660 groups. Embryo grades on day 3 were comparable between groups. Clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer was also similar. Both fertilization and clinical pregnancy rates were statistically higher in favor of motile spermatozoa group. CONCLUSION: Testicular histopathology not only gives information regarding the probability of retrieving sperm at TESE, but also is a good predictor of fertilization. Once a motile spermatozoon is identified, the chance of clinical pregnancy might improve probably due to relatively good optimal microenvironment within the testis.

title: Is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Success Affected by the Testicular Histopathology in Nonobstructive Azoospermic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['hypospermatogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with severe @entity788 are at risk for @entity281 , a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Most @entity1 with infected pancreatic tissue require surgical intervention (necrosectomy), which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. A subset of these @entity1 can be managed successfully with conservative management combined with prolonged courses of antibiotics. METHODS: Three cases of severe @entity656 seen at our institution are described, in which the @entity1 developed aspirate-proven @entity788 . The @entity1 were nonetheless stable from a clinical standpoint and were treated with long courses of antibiotics known to penetrate the pancreas; emergent surgery was deferred. RESULTS: In two @entity1 , surgery was completely avoided, with good clinical outcome. In the third @entity1 , elective surgery was undertaken 12 wk after the episode of @entity656 , to perform necrosectomy on organized pancreatic @entity39 and to evaluate the @entity1 's biliary tree. There were no postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: A subset of @entity1 with severe @entity656 complicated by @entity281 can be successfully managed with long term antibiotics and other supportive measures. High risk necrosectomy can, in some instances, be delayed or avoided entirely.

title: Conservative management of infected @entity39 complicating severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infections']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Research has shown less aggressive treatment and poorer control of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors in @entity1 than @entity1 . Methods. We analyzed sex differences in pharmacotherapy strategies and attainment of goals for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and established @entity453 enrolled into the BARI 2D trial. Results. Similar numbers of drugs were prescribed in both @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity1 were less frequent on @entity2449 or @entity5736 and more likely to take insulin and to be on higher doses of @entity2453 reductase inhibitors (statins) than @entity1 . After adjusting for baseline differences and treatment prescribed, @entity1 were less likely to achieve goals for HbA1c (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.57, 0.88) and LDL-C (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.53, 0.78). More antihypertensives were prescribed to @entity1 , and yet BP  <= 130/80   mmHg did not differ by sex. Conclusions. @entity1 entering the BARI 2D trial were as aggressively treated with drugs as @entity1 . Despite equivalent treatment, @entity1 less frequently met targets for HbA1c and LDL-C. Our findings suggest that there may be sex differences in response to drug therapies used to treat @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity407 .

title: Sex, Prescribing Practices and Guideline Recommended, Blood Pressure, and LDL XXXX Targets at Baseline in the BARI 2D Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity3885 ( @entity565 or @entity1030 ) who smoke illicit drugs are at an increased risk of hospital admissions. We compared hospital readmission rates due to exacerbations of @entity3885 amongst @entity1 who were current/ex-illicit drug smokers versus current/ex- @entity286 smokers. METHODS: We reviewed all the admissions between January 2009 and September 2011 with a presumptive diagnosis of an 'exacerbation of COPD' retrospectively from our COPD admission database. RESULTS: There were 950 sequential hospital admissions in 709 @entity1 over a 33-month period; 250 ex- @entity286 smokers, 370 current @entity286 smokers and 89 current/ex-illicit drug smokers. Recurrent hospital admission rates with exacerbation of @entity3885 were higher in the illicit drug smokers compared with current/ex- @entity286 smokers (1.00 versus 0.22/0.26, p < 0.001). Illicit drug smokers were younger [50 versus 72.9/69.9 (mean 71.2) years, p < 0.001] and had shorter length of hospital stay [7.44 versus 9.28/10.69 (mean 9.87) days, p = 0.038]. Illicit drug smokers with FEV1 < 1 litre (L) had higher readmissions than ex/current @entity286 smokers with FEV1 < 1 L (p < 0.001). Admissions requiring non-invasive ventilation for type 2 @entity1576 were more common in illicit drug smokers (8.4 versus 3 %, p < 0.002). CONCLUSION: We have shown that readmission rates in illicit drug smokers with FEV1 < 1 L are higher than in @entity286 smokers. Studies are needed to determine whether targeting these illicit drug users with an intensive community intervention package (to include early therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation) will reduce readmission rates in this often neglected population.

title: Hospital readmissions with exacerbation of XXXX in illicit drug smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: T-lymphocytes have been previously implicated in protecting dopaminergic neurons in the substantianigra from induced cell death. However, the role of T-cells in neurodegenerative models such as @entity191 ( @entity191 ) has not been fully elucidated. To examine the role of T-lymphocytes on motor behavior in the @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) unilateral striatal partial lesion @entity191 @entity35 model, we assessed progression of @entity4652 in the substantia nigra, induced by @entity2955 striatal injections, in athymic @entity35 ( @entity27985 -/-, @entity1619 ) as compared to @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 (phenotypically normal). Motor skills were determined by the cylinder and @entity2254 -induced rotational behavioral tests. Cylinder behavioral test showed no significant difference between unilaterally lesioned @entity27985 -/- and @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 . However both unilaterally lesioned @entity27985 -/- and @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 favored the use of the limb @entity75 . Additionally, @entity4944 -induced rotational test revealed greater rotational asymmetry in @entity27985 -/- @entity35 compared to @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 at two- and six-week post-lesion. Quantitative immunohistochemistry confirmed loss of striatal TH-immunopositive fibers in @entity27985 -/- and @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 , as well as blood-brain-barrier changes associated with @entity191 that may influence passage of immune cells into the central nervous system in @entity27985 -/- brains. Specifically, @entity40 immunopositive cells were decreased, as were astrocytic end-feet ( @entity6096 ) contacting blood vessels (laminin) in the lesioned relative to contralateral striatum. Flow cytometric analysis in @entity2955 lesioned @entity27985 -/+ @entity35 revealed increased @entity11264 + and decreased CD8+ T cells specifically within lesioned brain. These results suggest that both major T cell subpopulations are significantly and reciprocally altered following @entity2955 -lesioning, and that global T cell deficiency exacerbates @entity146 in this @entity35 model of @entity191 .

title: XXXX in the @entity2955 Unilateral Lesion @entity35 Model for @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphocyte-deficient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['motor behavioral defects']

entities_list: @entity4652 :: ('MESH:D020734', 'Disease') :: ['hemi-parkinsonian lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral to lesion']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['T-Lymphocyte Deficiency Exacerbates Behavioral Deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low-dose intrathecal (spinal) @entity1286 (0.1-0.2 mg) for Caesarean section delivers excellent postoperative analgesia but is associated with significant @entity390 and @entity391 . We compared the antiemetic efficacy of @entity10427 , @entity619 , and placebo in this clinical setting. METHODS: Ninety-nine @entity1 undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were allocated randomly, in a double-blind study design, to receive either @entity10427 50 mg, @entity619 8 mg, or placebo as a single-dose infusion in saline 0.9%, 100 ml on completion of surgery. Spinal anaesthesia consisted of: hyperbaric @entity1341 0.5%, 2.0 ml; @entity3575 10 micro g; and spinal @entity1286 0.2 mg. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of @entity390 . RESULTS: The incidence of @entity390 was significantly less in @entity1 receiving @entity10427 compared with @entity619 and placebo (33 vs 60 and 67%, respectively, P<0.05). Severity of @entity390 and number of @entity391 episodes were also less at 3-6 h in @entity10427 @entity1 . Overall satisfaction with postoperative care at 24 h, expressed on a 100 mm visual analogue scale, was greater in @entity10427 [78 (28)] than either @entity619 [58 (31), P=0.03] or placebo [51 (28), P=0.008]. CONCLUSION: We conclude that following spinal @entity1286 0.2 mg and @entity3575 10 micro g analgesia for Caesarean section, @entity10427 50 mg i.v. reduces the incidence of @entity390 compared with @entity619 8 mg i.v. or placebo. It also lessens the severity of @entity390 and @entity391 , and increases maternal satisfaction in the early postoperative period.

title: Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after spinal @entity1286 for Caesarean section: comparison of XXXX , @entity619 and placebo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10427 :: ('MESH:D003501', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclizine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity10427 :: (MESH:D003501,Chemical) :: ['cyclizine']


abstract: The roles of @entity376 -54 (K54) and @entity2227 -192 (E192) of @entity1 @entity21641 dehydrogenase (E3) in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate during electron transfer were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Recombinant @entity1 E3s, wild-type, @entity50131 , S53K54-K53S54 (SK-KS), and @entity67132 , were overexpressed, purified, and characterized. Only @entity50131 and SK-KS E3s had about 25% less bound FAD compared to wild-type, implicating that K54 is crucial for the protein-FAD interaction. The specific activities of all mutant E3s were markedly decreased (<5% wild-type). In the case of @entity50131 E3, the Km for @entity16336 in the reverse reaction was increased by about twofold. Surprisingly, for both SK-KS and @entity67132 E3s, the Kms for both @entity21641 (forward reaction) and @entity16336 (reverse reaction) were markedly reduced. The catalytic rate constants (kcat/Km) for both reactions for SK-KS E3 were significantly lower than wild-type, indicating that K54 is crucial for the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Fluorescence spectral analyses showed that the FAD in E3s were reduced by the addition of @entity21641 , and that its reoxidation by @entity2125 + in the mutant E3s was slower than wild-type E3. Interestingly, in @entity50131 E3 @entity21641 reduced FAD efficiently only when @entity2125 + was present, indicating that K54 stabilizes the @entity7484 - @entity10697 interaction. The lack of the formation of @entity7484 -FAD intermediate in the absence of @entity2125 + in @entity50131 E3 was also confirmed by CD spectra. The SK-KS mutation demonstrates that the correct sequence of residues is as critical as the nature of the @entity535 residues. These results suggest that K54 plays an important role in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate during the electron transfer in the reaction, and E192 is involved in maintaining correct orientation of K54 during catalysis.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of XXXX @entity21641 dehydrogenase: role of @entity376 -54 and @entity2227 -192 in stabilizing the @entity7484 -FAD intermediate.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity21641 :: ('MESH:C007409', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrolipoamide']

entities_list: @entity16336 :: ('MESH:C013091', 'Chemical') :: ['lipoamide']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity50131 :: ('p|SUB|K|54|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K54E']

entities_list: @entity7484 :: ('CHEBI:50539', 'Chemical') :: ['thiolate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Given the importance of vision in the control of walking and evidence indicating varied practice of walking improves mobility outcomes, this study sought to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of varied walking practice in response to visual cues, for the rehabilitation of walking following @entity64 . DESIGN: This 3 arm parallel, multi-centre, assessor blind, randomised control trial was conducted within outpatient neurorehabilitation services. @entity1 : Community dwelling @entity64 survivors with walking speed <0.8m/s, lower limb paresis and no severe @entity227 . INTERVENTION: Over-ground visual cue training (O-VCT), Treadmill based visual cue training (T-VCT), and Usual care (UC) delivered by physiotherapists twice weekly for 8 weeks. Main outcome measures: @entity1 were randomised using computer generated random permutated balanced blocks of randomly varying size. Recruitment, retention, adherence, adverse events and mobility and balance were measured before randomisation, post-intervention and at four weeks follow-up. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 participated (18 T-VCT, 19 O-VCT, 19 UC). Thirty-four completed treatment and follow-up assessments. Of the @entity1 that completed, adherence was good with 16 treatments provided over (median of) 8.4, 7.5 and 9 weeks for T-VCT, O-VCT and UC respectively. No adverse events were reported. Post-treatment improvements in walking speed, symmetry, balance and functional mobility were seen in all treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient based treadmill and over-ground walking adaptability practice using visual cues are feasible and may improve mobility and balance. Future studies should continue a carefully phased approach using identified methods to improve retention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01600391.

title: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Visual Cue Training to Improve Adaptability of Walking after XXXX : Multi-Centre, Single-Blind Randomised Control Pilot Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairments']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the wound healing process following direct pulp capping with @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity6086 ( @entity15383 ). METHODS: Fifty 8-weeks-old SPF Wistar male @entity35 were divided into two groups: one was the @entity79 treated group, and the other was the @entity15383 treated group. Pulpotomy was performed on the maxillary first molar of one side of each @entity35 , and the another side was left as the blank control. @entity35 were sacrificed after each observation period (1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days) and specimen slices were made. Hematoxylin- @entity1711 (HE) staining was used for observing the changes of pulp tissue, and immunohistochemical staining was used for observing the expression of reparative dentinogenesis-related factors runt transcription factor 2 ( @entity6037 ), type I collagen (COL I), @entity16836 ( @entity16836 ) and @entity29250 (DSP). RESULTS: Inflammatory cell infiltration (ICI) and @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) could be observed in both the @entity79 and @entity15383 groups at all observation periods. The @entity79 group showed slighter ICI on 1 and 28 days and milder @entity3145 on 28 days, with a significant difference (P<0.05). Reparative dentin formation (RDF) could initially be observed on 14 days postoperatively, and the @entity79 group showed more regular and thinner RDF with significant differences on 14 and 28 days compared with the @entity15383 group (P<0.05). In both groups, the expression of @entity6037 , COL I, DSP and @entity16836 were positive. Generally, the expression of these four factors in the @entity79 group was stronger than the @entity15383 group on the same observation periods. CONCLUSIONS: @entity79 had the ability of inducing odontoblast differentiation and promoting dentinogenesis. @entity79 could initiate physiologic wound healing in pulp and had the ability to promote reparative dentin formation. Consequently, @entity79 may be an acceptable alternative for direct pulp capping.

title: Demineralized bone matrix used for direct pulp capping in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['PTD', 'pulp tissue disorganization']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['demineralized bone matrix', 'DBM']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The blood-brain barrier penetration of @entity17057 ( @entity7312 ) was studied in male @entity35 of the Sprague-Dawley strain. @entity7312 was not found in brains of untreated animals. However, @entity7312 was observed in the brains of animals that received @entity7312 .HBr by intraperitoneal (IP) injection 30 minutes before decapitation. Animals that received IP injections of 0.10, 1.0, 5.0, or 10 mg @entity7312 . @entity50162 /kg exhibited brain levels of 3.1, 25, 95 or 126 pmoles @entity7312 per gram brain, respectively. Another group of @entity35 received @entity7312 .HBr (5.0 mg/kg) IP 30 minutes before decapitation. The brain of each animal was dissected into nine regions and each region assayed for @entity7312 . All brain regions assayed had measurable levels of @entity7312 . The highest concentration of @entity7312 (132 pmoles/g) was observed in the olfactory lobes-frontal cortex while the lowest concentration of @entity7312 (27.3 pmol/g) was in the striatum. These results demonstrate that @entity7312 penetrates the blood-brain barrier in @entity35 . They also suggest that if @entity7312 is formed in the periphery, it may penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and be localized in discrete brain regions.

title: XXXX and the blood-brain barrier in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity17057 :: ('MESH:D013765', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrahydropapaveroline']

answer: @entity17057 :: (MESH:D013765,Chemical) :: ['Tetrahydropapaveroline']


abstract: AIMS: The classification of primary @entity784 is uncertain due to the exceeding rarity of these @entity5 ; many of the reported cases were felt to be similar to node-based @entity706 . We describe two cases of primary @entity784 with evidence of origination from intraepithelial T-lymphocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both @entity5 were restricted to the stomach; one displaying a large ulcerated mass, the other a widespread superficial @entity5 manifestation. Histologically the first @entity5 was composed of sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells showing marked epitheliotropism at the edge of the @entity1066 , and a CD3+, @entity404 -, @entity405 -, @entity2225 -, @entity2940 -, @entity19002 +, beta F1+ phenotype. The second case differed histologically and immunophenotypically from the first case. In addition to lamina propria and submucosal infiltration, the lymphoma contained an extensive intraepithelial component even in large areas without other evidence of @entity5 . The neoplastic cells ranged in size from small to medium and large. Immunohistology disclosed a CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 -, @entity2225 -, @entity2940 -, beta F1+ phenotype. Staining for @entity19002 could not be performed in this case since frozen material was not available. CONCLUSIONS: The prominent epitheliotropism, the marked intraepithelial growth and the expression of @entity19002 strongly imply a derivation of these primary @entity6595 from intraepithelial T-lymphocytes. Additional studies of larger series will clarify whether the findings described here are typical of primary @entity784 .

title: Origin of primary XXXX from intraepithelial T-lymphocytes: report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['gastric T-cell lymphoma', 'gastric T-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['gastric T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of @entity136 plus @entity1206 combined with @entity900 in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemo naive @entity1 with stage IIIA to IV @entity1149 received outpatient administration of @entity136 1,000 mg/m2 and @entity1206 25 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Doses of @entity136 and @entity1206 were escalated by 250 mg/m2 and 5 mg/m2, respectively, at each dose level. @entity900 was administered at a fixed dose of 50 mg/m2 on days 2 and 9. After the MTD was reached, the study was continued as a phase II trial. RESULTS: From January 1998 to March 1999, sixty-five @entity1 were enrolled. The first 38 @entity1 participated in the phase I evaluation. After 130 cycles, the dose-limiting @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity3136 , @entity1395 , and hepatotoxicity occurring at the third and fourth dose levels (doses of @entity136 / @entity1206 of 1,500/25 and 1,000/30 mg/m2). For the subsequent phase II evaluation, 27 additional @entity1 , out of a total of 53, receiving the MTD of @entity136 and @entity1206 (1000-1250/25 mg/m2) followed (24 hours later) by @entity900 50 mg/m2. Thirty one (58%) of 53 assessable @entity1 responded. Objective response for @entity1 with stages III and IV disease, respectively, were 65% and 47%. The median time to progression and the overall survival time were 9 months (95% CI: 5-12) and 11 months (95% CI: 9-13), respectively. World Health Organization @entity137 > or = grade 3 @entity1398 was registered in 28 (54%) of 52 assessable @entity1 (2% with @entity1398 ), and > or = grade 3 @entity882 in 15 (29%) @entity1 (4% with @entity548 ). @entity1209 (> or = grade 2) and @entity1395 (moderate to severe) occurred in 24 (46%) and 14 (27%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity136 1,000-1,250 mg/m2 plus @entity1206 25 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, followed by @entity900 50 mg/m2 24 hours later, is safe for outpatient administration and active in @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase I/II study of XXXX and @entity1206 plus @entity900 in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the use of regional variations in the mechanical properties of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in finite element (FE) modeling of @entity1755 risk, which has heretofore assumed homogeneous mechanical tissue properties. METHODS: Electrocardiogram-gated computed tomography scans from 3 male @entity1 with known infrarenal @entity1028 were used to characterize the behavior of the @entity439 in 4 different segments (posterior, anterior, and left and right lateral) at maximum diameter and above the infrarenal aorta. The elasticity of the @entity439 (circumferential cyclic strain, compliance, and the Hudetz incremental modulus) was calculated for each segment and the @entity439 as a whole. The FE analysis inclusive of prestress (pre-existing tensile stress) produced a detailed stress pattern on each of the @entity439 models under pressure loading. The 4 largest areas of stress in each region were considered in conjunction with the local regional properties of the segment to define a specific regional prestress @entity397 index (RPRI). RESULTS: In terms of elasticity, there were average reductions of 68% in circumferential cyclic strain and 63% in compliance, with a >5-fold increase in incremental modulus, between the healthy and the aneurysmal aorta for each @entity1 . There were also regional variations in all elastic properties in each individual @entity1 . The average difference in total stress inclusive of prestress was 59%, 67%, and 15%, respectively, for the 3 @entity1 . Comparing the strain from FE models with the CT scans revealed an average difference in strain of 1.55% for the segmented models and 3.61% for the homogeneous models, which suggests that the segmented models more accurately reflect in vivo behavior. RPRI values were calculated for each segment for all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A greater understanding of the local material properties and their use in FE models is essential for greater accuracy in @entity397 prediction. Quantifying the regional behavior will yield insight into the changes in @entity1 -specific @entity439 and increase understanding about the progression of @entity439 .

title: Use of regional mechanical properties of XXXX to advance finite element modeling of @entity397 risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['AAA rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysmal disease', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and the risk factors of heterotopic ossifications in @entity1 with severe @entity131 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in a sample of 86 @entity1 during a two years period. These @entity1 were receiving care in an acute rehabilitation setting designed for @entity131 @entity1 emerging from @entity772 . The statistical analysis used chi(2) and Fisher tests. RESULTS, DISCUSSION: Forty-nine heterotopic ossifications were observed in 24 @entity1 (incidence 28.57%, 2.04/ @entity1 ). Most of them were localised at the level of the hip, of the elbow and of the knee. No significant relation was found between @entity2736 and sex, age, clinical severity, @entity73 , @entity508 or @entity12805 . On the contrary, associated limb @entity174 , specially when requiring a surgical treatment, were found to be correlated to a greater incidence of @entity2736 . CONCLUSION: Some of the risk factors observed in the present study were in accordance with those previously described in the literature. This work shows the difficult place of the initial care of @entity1 with severe @entity131 specially during there stay in intensive care units.

title: [ XXXX and brain injury].

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['Heterotopic ossification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five @entity1 from two consanguineous families presented with @entity302 beginning in infancy and severe @entity2055 , moderate @entity1274 , and a renal salt-losing @entity8 with normotensive @entity5838 . We investigated the genetic basis of this @entity74 , which we call the @entity47328 (the presence of @entity302 , @entity2055 , @entity1274 , and @entity8 ). METHODS: Whole-genome linkage analysis was performed in the four affected @entity1 in one of the families. Newly identified mutations in a @entity972 -channel gene were evaluated with the use of a heterologous expression system. Protein expression and function were further investigated in genetically modified @entity19 . RESULTS: Linkage analysis identified a single significant locus on chromosome 1q23.2 with a lod score of 4.98. This region contained the @entity35112 gene, which encodes a @entity972 channel expressed in the brain, inner ear, and kidney. Sequencing of this candidate gene revealed homozygous missense mutations in affected @entity1 in both families. These mutations, when expressed heterologously in @entity1238 oocytes, caused significant and specific decreases in @entity972 currents. @entity19 with @entity44922 deletions became dehydrated, with definitive evidence of renal salt wasting. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity35112 cause a @entity74 , consisting of @entity302 , @entity2055 , @entity1274 , and @entity8 . Our findings indicate that @entity35112 plays a major role in renal salt handling and, hence, possibly also in blood-pressure maintenance and its regulation.

title: @entity302 , XXXX , @entity1274 , @entity8 , and @entity35112 mutations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tubulopathy']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity47328 :: ('MESH:C557674', 'Disease') :: ['EAST syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['specific disorder', 'autosomal recessive disease']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity2055 :: (MESH:D001259,Disease) :: ['ataxia']