abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the current and lifetime prevalence of @entity146 among @entity1 of currently depressed mothers and to assess the association of clinical features of maternal @entity308 (i.e., severity, chronicity, and clinical features) with @entity1 psychopathology. Mothers were @entity1 in the @entity624 *D (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve @entity308 ) multisite trial, designed to compare effectiveness and acceptability of different treatment options for outpatients with non-psychotic @entity308 ( @entity308 ). METHOD: Treatment-seeking mothers with a current DSM-IV diagnosis of @entity308 and with at least 1 @entity1 7 to 17 years old were assessed during a @entity308 ( @entity308 ). For each mother, 1 @entity1 was assessed (if a mother had more than 1 @entity1 , 1 was randomly selected). Maternal features assessed for this study were history of MDEs, severity of current @entity308 , comorbid conditions, @entity308 symptom features, and social functioning. @entity1 were assessed for selected psychiatric diagnoses (Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 for School-Age @entity1 -Present and Lifetime Version [K-SADS-PL]), @entity1109 and social functioning ( @entity1 Behavior Checklist), and global functioning ( @entity1 's Global Assessment Scale). Data were gathered from December 2001 to April 2004. RESULTS: A large proportion (72%) of mothers were severely depressed (17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 score >/= 22). About a third (34%) of @entity1 had a current @entity146 , including disruptive behavior (22%), @entity148 (16%), and @entity308 (10%) disorders. Nearly half (45%) had a lifetime @entity146 , including disruptive behavior (29%), @entity148 (20%), and @entity308 (19%) disorders. Atypical @entity308 features in the mother were associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of having a @entity1 with @entity308 (OR = 3.3 [95% CI = 1.2 to 9.5]; p = .02) or @entity148 (OR = 2.6 [95% CI = 1.1 to 6.9]; p = .03) disorders. A history of maternal suicide attempts and the presence of comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 were associated with a 3-fold increase and an 8-fold increase in the odds of @entity308 in the offspring, respectively. The final model showed significant associations (p </= .05) between the following characteristics of maternal @entity308 : maternal comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 and offspring @entity308 , @entity308 and offspring @entity952 and any disorder, and maternal substance use @entity74 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 of mothers in the midst of a current @entity308 are at high risk for disruptive behavior and @entity148 . The elevated risk of psychopathology among @entity1 of depressed mothers may recommend assessment of these @entity1 when clinically suggested. @entity1 of depressed mothers with comorbid @entity4697 with @entity8396 are at high risk for @entity308 and deserve special attention from clinicians.

title: @entity1 of currently depressed mothers: a XXXX *D ancillary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'Child', 'child', 'participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression and offspring disorders', 'major depressive disorder', 'major depressive episode', 'MDE', 'depressive disorders', 'maternal irritable depression', 'depression', 'MDD', 'depressive and anxiety disorders', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorders and any disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['disruptive behavior disorders']

answer: @entity624 :: (6770,Gene) :: ['STAR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study used a large sample size of black and white @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 to investigate the influence of perceived racial discrimination on biologic measures (glycemic control, blood pressure, and LDL @entity165 ), the mental component of quality of life ( @entity8848 ), and health behaviors known to improve @entity6 outcomes. METHODS: 602 @entity1 were recruited from two adult primary care clinics in the southeastern United States. Linear regression models were used to assess the associations between perceived racial discrimination, self-care, clinical outcomes, @entity8848 , adjusting for relevant covariates. Race-stratified models were conducted to examine differential associations by race. RESULTS: The mean age was 61 years, with 64.9 % non-Hispanic black, and 41.6 % earning less than  20,000 annually. Perceived discrimination was significantly negatively associated with @entity8848 (b = -0.56, 95 % CI -0.90, 0.23), general diet (b = -0.37, CI -0.65, -0.08), and specific diet (b = -0.25, CI -0.47, -0.03). In African Americans, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with higher systolic blood pressure (b = 10.17, CI 1.13, -19.22). In Whites, perceived discrimination was significantly associated with lower @entity8848 (b = -0.51, CI -0.89, -0.14), general diet (b = -0.40, CI -0.69, -0.99), specific diet (b = -0.25, CI -0.47, -0.03), and blood @entity413 testing (b = -0.43, CI -0.80, -0.06). CONCLUSIONS: While no association was found with biologic measures, perceived discrimination was associated with health behaviors and the @entity8848 . In addition, results showed a difference in influence of perceived discrimination by race.

title: Effect of perceived racial discrimination on self-care behaviors, glycemic control, and quality of life in adults with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the peripheral blood concentration of @entity2940 (+)/ @entity4071 (-)/CD3(-) cells, the main natural killer (NK) subpopulation that colonizes the endometrium in the middle and late secretory phase, can be related to fertility or @entity249 status. DESIGN: A case control study. SETTING: Immunopathology department of an @entity249 laboratory. @entity1 : A total 99 @entity1 were selected (group I: consecutive spontaneous aborters, n = 25; group II: sporadic spontaneous aborters, n = 30; group III: @entity249 , n = 33; group IV: controls, n = 11). INTERVENTION: Immunophenotyping of @entity1 grouped according to their fertility status. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined by two- and three-color flow cytometry. RESULTS: A statistically significant association between endometrial-type peripheral blood (PB) NK cell concentrations and fertility status (groups I and IV vs. groups II and III) was documented. The %(/TOTAL PB)( @entity2940 + @entity4071 -CD3-) NK cells was significantly higher [1] in fertile (groups I and IV) than in sporadic aborters/ @entity249 (groups II and III) @entity1 , [2] in group I when compared with groups II and III, and [3] in group IV when compared with groups II and III. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that diminished numbers of the %(/TOTAL PB)( @entity2940 + @entity4071 -CD3-) NK cells are related to sporadic aborters and @entity249 @entity1 . Thus, the fraction could be used as an indicator of subsequent successful implantation and maintenance of gestation.

title: Fraction of the peripheral blood concentration of @entity2940 +/ XXXX -/CD3- cells in total natural killer cells as an indication of fertility and @entity249 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

answer: @entity4071 :: (2214,Gene) :: ['CD16']


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is considered one of the main molecules involved in @entity5 angiogenesis and is largely expressed in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). His signal is transmitted intracellulary by binding with class III @entity669 kinase receptors, known as @entity7 receptor family (VEGFRs). Therefore, we designed this study for quantification of @entity6758 and @entity319 immunohistochemical expression in the @entity5 cells of @entity957 , and compare this expression with clinicopathologic parameters. For this purpose, 46 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue blocks of @entity957 were processed by immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical signal was assessed by estimating the area of the objects and the medium pixel intensity per object, as the integrated optical density (IOD). In our study, @entity6758 staining intensity was significantly higher for tongue localization, while @entity319 was higher for the lip. Both markers were higher expressed in the center of the @entity5 compared to the @entity5 front. Moderate differentiated @entity5 exert higher expression levels for @entity6758 but lower for @entity319 . @entity2558 @entity5 had higher @entity6758 levels, and when lymph node involvement was present, this was accompanied by elevated expression levels for @entity319 and lower levels for @entity6758 . These results point to an inverse profile of these receptors in @entity957 , suggesting their involvement in a sequential manner in @entity7 signaling regulation. In conclusion, our study revealed that @entity6758 and @entity319 correlate with @entity5 localization, tumoral area (front vs. center of the @entity5 ), histological differentiation degree, and lymph node involvement, while only @entity6758 correlated with pT stage.

title: @entity6758 and @entity319 immunohistochemical expression in XXXX : a morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to investigate the risk of @entity173 and contributing factors in @entity1 with @entity323 ( @entity2613 ). This population-based study was performed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The analysis included4636 @entity1 aged >=  40 years who had been diagnosed with @entity2613 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 302.72, 607.84) during 1996-2010. The control group included 18,544 randomly selected age-matched @entity1 without @entity2613 (1:4 ratio). The association between @entity2613 and @entity173 risk was estimated using a Cox proportional hazard regression model. During the follow-up period, 59 (1.27%) @entity1 in the @entity2613 group and 140 (0.75%) @entity1 in the non- @entity2613 group developed @entity173 . After adjusting for covariates, the overall incidence of @entity173 was 3.74-times higher in the @entity2613 group than in the non- @entity2613 group (2.03 vs. 0.50 per 1000 @entity1 -years, respectively). The difference in the overall incidence of @entity173 was largest during the 3-year follow-up period (hazard ratio = 7.85; 95% confidence interval = 2.94-20.96; P <0.0001). To the best of our knowledge, this nationwide population-based study is the first to investigate the relationship between @entity2613 and subsequent @entity173 in an Asian population. The results showed that @entity2613 @entity1 had a higher risk of developing @entity173 . @entity1 with @entity2613 , particularly those aged 40-59 years, should undergo bone mineral density examinations as early as possible and should take measures to reduce the risk of falls.

title: @entity173 in @entity1 with XXXX : A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['Erectile Dysfunction']


abstract: @entity136 was given intravenously to female @entity19 on gestation days (GD) 6-15 at doses of 0, 0.05, 0.25, or 1.5 mg/kg/day (0, 0.15, 0.75, or 4.5 mg/m2/day, respectively). Animals assigned to the teratology segment (25/group) were killed on GD 18 for examination of maternal hematologic parameters and organ weights, as well as fetal viability, weights, and morphology. The postnatal segment females (20/group) were allowed to deliver, and offspring physical, behavioral, and reproductive parameters were monitored. After offspring weaning, these dams were killed for hematologic and organ weight evaluations. At necropsy, 3 days after the final dose, the teratology segment dams showed dose-related @entity353 . These changes were accompanied by a dose-related decrease in leukocytes and modest increases in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and hemoglobin ( @entity2022 ) at the two higher doses. On @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 21, the dams in the postnatal segment showed no treatment-related effects on these organ weights or hematologic parameters, indicating recovery of these maternal parameters within 3.5 weeks following termination of treatment. The decreases in maternal body weight and food consumption observed during gestation, and in liver and uterine weights at term in the 1.5 mg/kg/day group, were considered to be secondary to a high rate of prenatal mortality, evidenced by increased resorptions in the teratology segment and decreased live litter size in both segments of the study. Additional indications of developmental @entity137 in this dose group were an increased incidence of @entity600 , primarily @entity2419 , decreased fetal weights in the teratology segment, and decreased neonatal survival in the postnatal segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental XXXX of @entity136 , an antimetabolite oncolytic, administered during gestation to CD-1 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PPD', 'postpartum day']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['increases in spleen and thymus weights']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Transfusion of allogeneic blood is still common in orthopedic surgery. This analysis evaluates from the perspective of a German hospital the potential cost savings of @entity1307 alfa (EPO) compared to predonated autologous blood transfusions or to a nobloodconservationstrategy (allogeneic blood transfusion strategy)during elective hip and knee replacement surgery. METHODS: Individual @entity1 (N=50,000) were simulated based on data from controlled trials, the German DRG institute (InEK) and various publications and entered into a stochastic model (Monte-Carlo) of three treatment arms: EPO, preoperative autologous donation and nobloodconservationstrategy. All three strategies lead to a different risk for an allogeneic blood transfusion. The model focused on the costs and events of the three different procedures. The costs were obtained from clinical trial databases, the German DRG system, @entity1 records and medical publications: transfusion (allogeneic red blood cells:    320/unit and autologous red blood cells:    250/unit), @entity55 treatment (   5,000), and length of stay (   300/day). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to determine which factors had an influence on the model's clinical and cost outcomes. RESULTS: At acquisition costs of    200/40,000 IU EPO is cost saving compared to autologous blood donation, and cost-effective compared to a nobloodconservationstrategy. The results were most sensitive to the cost of EPO, blood units and hospital days. CONCLUSIONS: EPO might become an attractive blood conservation strategy for anemic @entity1 at reasonable costs due to the reduction in allogeneic blood transfusions, in the modeled incidence of transfusion-associated @entity55 andthe prolongedlength of stay.

title: Potential cost saving of XXXX alfa in elective hip or knee surgery due to reduction in blood transfusions and their side effects: a discrete-event simulation model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity1307 :: (2056,Gene) :: ['Epoetin']


abstract: @entity5 -like lesions of the urinary bladder are reviewed emphasizing those that are most diagnostically challenging for the pathologist and may result in serious errors in @entity1 care if misinterpreted. The first category considered, @entity9236 , represents an area of bladder pathology only recently appreciated as being particularly treacherous because of the extent to which irregular islands of benign epithelial cells may seemingly penetrate the lamina propria and cause @entity911 with @entity189 . Somewhat orderly proliferations of this type have been known for years, @entity2880 , and are rarely a challenge for the experienced, but proliferations of an irregular nature such as may be seen most often as a result of prior radiation therapy, but sometimes due to chemotherapy or even @entity63 , represent a challenging interpretation. The clinical history may be very important in arriving at the correct diagnosis as is the appreciation that the morphology, although architecturally problematic, is different from that of any of the familiar patterns of @entity189 . Florid epithelial proliferations in @entity1127 are also briefly noted. Within the category of glandular proliferations, emphasis is placed on the wide spectrum of morphology of @entity652 including its pseudoinfiltrative pattern and occasional propensity for tiny tubules to be misconstrued as signet-ring cells. The spectrum of m  llerian glandular lesions including the relatively recently described mucinous variant, endocervicosis, is reviewed. The reactive papillary proliferation, @entity2335 , is then discussed. This entity has long been known but has recently been re-emphasized. Other non-neoplastic papillary lesions include florid papillary forms of @entity652 . The past 25 years has seen a great expansion of knowledge concerning non-neoplastic spindle cell proliferations, including those related to a prior procedure, the postoperative spindle cell nodule and those without such a history, variously designated @entity6437 , @entity9236 , or even other terms. The morphologic spectrum is explored and it is recommended that the two categories be retained.

title: XXXX -like lesions of the urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['fibroepithelial polyps']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity9236 :: ('MESH:C565054', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocarcinomatous proliferations', 'pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['papillary-polypoid cystitis']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ["von Brunn's nests"]

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of palliation with trans-hiatal oesophagectomy in Nigerian @entity1 with @entity189 . DESIGN: Prospective case series. The first series was from February 1986 to September 1987 (Series A) while the second series was from March 1989 to November 1996 (Series B). SETTING: Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit (CTSU) of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. SUBJECTS: First series consisted of 10 consecutive operable @entity1 with @entity189 of oesophagus seen over the period of study. The second series consisted of 21 consecutive @entity1 with same disease. INTERVENTION: All @entity1 had transhiatal oeosphagectomy by a two team approach and immediate placement of the freed stomach in the posterior mediastinum and cervical oesophagogastrostomy. RESULTS: @entity1 in both series had a comparable age range of 43 - 80 years for series A and 40 - 82 years for Series B. The duration of symptoms were 2 - 6 months and 2 - 12 months respectively, for series A and B. In series A, nine @entity1 had @entity189 of the middle-third (M1/3) of the thoracic oesophagus and one @entity1 had @entity189 of lower-third (L1/3) of the thoracic oesophagus. In series B, 18 @entity1 had M1/3 and three @entity1 had L1/3 lesions. Average @entity190 in series A was 1,067 mls, corresponding value for series B was 852 mls. Postoperatively, all cases were classified as stage III or stage IV disease. There were 18 complications in eight @entity1 in series A and 22 complications in 10 @entity1 in series B. The commonest complications in series A were @entity456 in six @entity1 , @entity548 four @entity1 (three intraoperative, one post-operative) and @entity1576 (two @entity1 ). The commonest in series B were @entity456 in nine @entity1 , @entity834 and @entity850 in four @entity1 and @entity1576 in three @entity1 . Hospital mortality was 50% in Series A and 14.3% in series B. The causes of @entity204 were @entity548 and @entity1576 in series A, @entity1576 in series B. Survival period in series A of the five @entity1 discharged was for a median of 84 months, for series B, four @entity1 were alive at 18 months post-operative, one @entity1 attended follow-up clinic 24 months after surgery. No other adjunctive therapy was offered to the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Trans-hiatal oesophagectomy is a procedure suitable for @entity1 with @entity189 at an "acceptable price" among carefully selected @entity1 with advanced @entity189 .

title: Trans-hiatal oesophagectomy as palliative treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus', 'carcinoma of the oesophagus and affords palliation', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural enteries']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the oesophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have shown that switching @entity1 from inducing @entity734 ( @entity734 ) to @entity2812 , @entity4677 , or @entity1771 reduces serum lipids and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ). These studies were all of short duration, and some drugs, such as @entity10315 , have not been investigated. METHODS: We recruited 41 @entity1 taking @entity3174 or @entity2049 who were being switched to @entity10315 , @entity2812 , or @entity4677 . We measured serum lipids and @entity1851 before the switch, >6weeks after, and >6months after. An untreated control group (n=14) underwent similar measurement. We combined these data with those of our previous investigation (n=34 @entity1 and 16 controls) of a very similar design. RESULTS: There were no differences in outcome measures between the two inducing @entity734 nor among the three noninducing @entity734 . Total @entity165 (TC), atherogenic lipids, and @entity1851 were higher under inducer treatment than in controls. All measures were elevated under inducer treatment relative to noninducer treatment, including TC (24mg/dL higher, 95% CI: 17.5-29.9, p<0.001) and @entity1851 (72% higher, 95% CI: 41%-111%, p<0.001). The difference between drug treatments was clinically meaningful for atherogenic lipids (16%, 95% CI: 11%-20%, p<0.001) but small for high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (5%, 95% CI: 1%-9%, p<0.05). All measures were stable between 6weeks and 6months after drug switch. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that switching from inducing to noninducing @entity734 produces an enduring reduction in serum lipids and @entity1851 . These results provide further evidence that inducing @entity734 may be associated with elevated @entity455 risk. These are the first vascular risk marker data in @entity1 taking @entity10315 , which shows a profile similar to that of other noninducing @entity734 .

title: Long-term effect of antiepileptic drug switch on serum lipids and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: @entity135 are a diverse group of @entity5 that includes an increasing number of virally mediated @entity5 in addition to @entity5 caused by @entity286 and @entity285 use. In both cases, @entity5 development is intimately related to the host immune system, and the status of an endogenous antitumor response is likely prognostic. Virally mediated @entity5 provide unique targets for preventive vaccines that generate immune responses directed against virus-associated antigens. Once @entity135 tumors develop, they are commonly treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. These treatments are associated with significant @entity137 , and despite this, subgroups of @entity1 respond poorly and are likely to relapse and die of their disease. @entity5 immunotherapy may allow for improvements in both treatment-associated @entity137 and outcome. In addition to providing specific targets for therapeutic vaccines and adoptive therapy, virally associated @entity5 may also be particularly dependent on immune checkpoints; therefore, immune checkpoint inhibitors are being actively tested for these diseases. Cancers that are not virally mediated may also respond to immunotherapies, and biomarkers that could predict response to immunotherapy irrespective of viral status are being evaluated. Multiple ongoing studies are testing benefits of immunotherapy in the management of metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 . Early promising results pave the way for future studies that will expand testing to nonmetastatic diseases and other types of @entity135 . Prospects of combining various immunotherapies and more established treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy are very intriguing and may provide synergistic benefits.

title: Immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck', 'head and neck cancers', 'Head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'Tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: We have previously shown that Con A-induced suppressor T cells belong to the CD45RA+ subset. After unseparated T cells are activated with Con A, @entity1195 RA expression increases to a maximum (Day 2), and then decreases significantly, but does not disappear entirely (Day 9), while @entity2393 expression increases steadily. In the present study, we examined the fate of these cell surface molecules on isolated @entity404 +CD45RA+ and @entity404 +CD45RA- cells following activation with Con A, and their relationship to the regulatory functions of these subsets. After activation of @entity404 +CD45RA+ cells with Con A, CD45RO and @entity2393 antigen expression rapidly increases (greater than 90%). While CD45RA expression is downregulated, approximately 40% of the cells continue to express low-density @entity1195 RA in a stable fashion through Day 21. Despite these phenotypic changes, cells originally CD45RA+ continue to suppress IgG synthesis and provide only minimal B cell help. Furthermore, when cells originally CD45RA+ were sorted on the basis of continued presence, or loss of @entity1195 RA antigen 14 days after activation, both populations demonstrated potent suppression and minimal help. In contrast, after activation with Con A, @entity404 +CD45A- cells maintain stable phenotype and provide significant help and minimal suppression. Immunoprecipitation of the @entity1195 RA antigen from Day 14 activated @entity404 +CD45RA+ cells confirms the continued presence of the 205-kDa isoform, but reveals a significant decrease in the 220-kDa isoform. These results suggest that after activation with Con A, cells originally CD45RA+ remain functionally distinct from cells originally CD45RA-, and that @entity1195 RA antigen persists on a subpopulation of CD45RA+ cells after activation with Con A.

title: @entity404 +CD45RA+ and XXXX +CD45RA- T cell subsets in man maintain distinct function and CD45RA expression persists on a subpopulation of CD45RA+ cells after activation with Con A.

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: Expression levels of fast-twitch ( @entity11473 ), slow-twitch (SERCA2a) and "housekeeping" (SERCA2b) isoforms of the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity141 -transport ATPase were monitored during regeneration of @entity35 soleus muscles following @entity39 induced by the toxin notexin at the tissue level by Western blot analysis and at the cellular level by immunocytochemical analysis. Due to @entity39 , levels of muscle-specific @entity11473 and SERCA2a isoforms dropped to low levels on the third day after injection of the toxin. Subsequently, during regeneration both isoforms recovered but with a different time course. Expression of the fast type @entity11473 increased first. This type showed its most pronounced increase between day 3 and 10. Expression of the slow type SERCA2a was biphasic. After an increase to approximately one third of the control value on days 5-10, it showed its main increase up to the control level between day 10 and 21. Expression levels of the house-keeping SERCA2b isoform remained relatively constant throughout the 4 weeks of regeneration. Between day 10 and 28, when new innervation is established, SERCA2a expression spread gradually over almost all fibers whereas the number of @entity11473 -expressing fibers decreased and only a limited number of fibers co-expressed @entity11473 and SERCA2a. At 4 weeks of regeneration, expression of the fast isoform was found only in 12% of the fibers, whereas the slow form was found in 98% of the fibers. In the contralateral untreated soleus muscles, 26% @entity11473 -positive and 81% SERCA2a-positive fibers were observed. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that @entity11473 and SERCA2a were co-expressed with fast and slow myosin isoforms in fibers of normal muscles but in regenerated muscle only slow myosin and slow SERCA isoforms correlated. The results show that during regeneration levels of fast and slow SERCA proteins change in a similar way as their mRNAs do. However, in regenerated soleus, unlike in normal muscle, expression of slow SERCA is coregulated only with the slow myosin isoform. This finding is in agreement with the fact that the number of slow type fibers is increased in regenerated soleus.

title: Expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum XXXX -transport ATPase protein isoforms during regeneration from notexin-induced @entity39 of @entity35 soleus muscle.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca(2+)']


abstract: The protective effect of the reduced form of @entity6421 , @entity61859 (NPH4), against the @entity1370 of @entity632 (ADR) was evaluated in @entity19 by assay of serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) and heart lipid @entity2625 (i.e., @entity4466 reactive substances, TBARS). The activity of CPK was drastically elevated at around 3 days after a single s.c. injection of ADR and had returned to normal at 6 days. There were no marked changes in the TBARS content of the heart by 6 days, but a significant increase was apparent at about 8 days after ADR treatment. The effect of NPH4 was evaluated in terms of the serum CPK activity at the 4th day and in terms of TBARS content at the 8th day after ADR treatment. The elevation of CPK activity induced by ADR was significantly suppressed by two treatments with NPH4 every day for 4 days, i.e., from day 0 to day 3 after injection of ADR, at doses of 3 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg. The increase of TBARS content in the heart at 8 days after ADR treatment was also suppressed at both doses of NPH4. The effect of the timing of NPH4 treatment on the suppression of elevated CPK was examined. The suppressive potency of NPH4 could not be elicited by any treatment schedule that terminated at or before 2 days after injection of ADR. Consecutive treatments from day 0 to day 3 after injection of ADR were effective, as was a simple schedule of only two treatments with NPH4 on day 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity61859 on @entity632 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity61859 :: ('MESH:C023455', 'Chemical') :: ['5,6,7,8-tetrahydroneopterin']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiotoxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sparing internal jugular vein (IJV) in neck dissection for @entity135 is controversial. We aimed at evaluating the prognostic impact of IJV preservation. METHODS: We examined 206 files of @entity135 @entity1 who underwent radical or modified radical neck dissection at the Otolaryngology University of Florence. The site of primary @entity5 was larynx and hypopharynx in 44.66%, oropharynx in 25.24%, oral cavity in 23.3%, unknown in 4.85%, salivary glands and rhinopharynx in 0.97%. In 60.19% the IJV was resected, in 39.81% preserved. Prognostic impact of IJV preservation was assessed by Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Neck recurrence occurred in 25.2%: the IJV was resected in 42.31%, in 57.69% preserved (P   =   0.02). At multivariate analysis, neck recurrence resulted significantly associated to extracapsular spread (ECS) (P   =   0.009), IJV preservation (P   =   0.01), positive margins (P   =   0.02). In ECS positive @entity1 , a higher risk of neck recurrence was documented for IJV preservation (P   =   0.012). A worse prognosis was observed for @entity1 with IJV spared (P   =   0.06). CONCLUSIONS: IJV preservation is associated with an increased risk of neck failure and a worse outcome, mainly in @entity1 with ECS of nodes.

title: Prognostic role of internal jugular vein preservation in neck dissection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: AIM: To report the incidence and potential risk factors of small-volume @entity3417 (SVCA) following laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LAG). METHODS: A total of 1366 consecutive @entity356 @entity1 who underwent LAG from January 2008 to June 2011 were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the @entity1 based on the presence or absence of SVCA. RESULTS: SVCA was detected in 57 (4.17%) @entity1 , as determined by the small-volume drainage (range, 30-100 mL/24 h) of @entity412 -rich fluid. Both univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the total number of resected lymph nodes (LNs), No. 8 or No. 9 LN @entity3 and N stage were independent risk factors for SVCA following LAG (P<0.05). Regarding hospital stay, there was a significant difference between the groups with and without SVCA (P<0.001). The 3-year disease-free and overall survival rates of the @entity1 with SVCA were 47.4% and 56.1%, respectively, which were similar to those of the @entity1 without SVCA (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: SVCA following LAG developed significantly more frequently in the @entity1 with >= 32 harvested LNs, >= 3 metastatic LNs, or No. 8 or No. 9 LN @entity3 . SVCA, which was successfully treated with conservative management, was associated with a prolonged hospital stay but was not associated with the prognosis.

title: Small-volume @entity3417 after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for XXXX : results from a large population-based sample.

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: IntroductionData on the incidence of a @entity49 state in @entity130 , as measured by thromboelastometry (ROTEM), is limited and the prognostic value of @entity49 after @entity130 on outcome is unclear. We aimed to determine the incidence of @entity49 after @entity130 , and to assess whether @entity49 has prognostic value on the occurrence of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) and mortality.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study in @entity130 @entity1 who met highest @entity130 level team activation. @entity49 was defined as a G value of   11.7 dynes/cm2 and hypocoagulability as a G value of <5.0 dynes/cm2. ROTEM was performed on admission and 24 hours later.ResultsA total of 1010 @entity1 were enrolled and 948 @entity1 were analyzed. Median age was 38 (interquartile range (IQR) 26 to 53), 77% were male and median injury severity score was 13 (IQR 8 to 25). On admission, 7% of the @entity1 were @entity49 and 8% were hypocoagulable. Altogether, 10% of @entity1 showed @entity49 within the first 24 hours of @entity130 . Hypocoagulability, but not @entity49 , was associated with higher sequential organ failure assessment scores, indicating more severe @entity881 . Mortality in @entity1 with @entity49 was 0%, compared to 7% in normocoagulable and 24% in hypocoagulable @entity1 (P <0.001). EXTEM CT, alpha and G were predictors for occurrence of @entity881 and mortality.ConclusionThe incidence of a @entity49 state after @entity130 is 10% up to 24 hours after admission, which is broadly comparable to the rate of hypocoagulability. Further work in larger studies should define the clinical consequences of identifying @entity49 and a possible role for very early, targeted use of anticoagulants.

title: Thromboelastometry and organ failure in @entity130 XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['early hypercoagulability', 'hypercoagulable', 'Hypercoagulability', 'hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: DNA-binding geometry and dynamics of a number of @entity8253 , including @entity632 and @entity8779 , interacting with DNA have been studied by means of linear dichroism and fluorescence techniques. The @entity4349 chromophore is found to be approximately parallel to the plane of the DNA bases and to have a restricted mobility, as would be expected for an intercalative binding mode, but there are variations between different directions in the chromophore as well as between the drugs. From dichroic spectra of @entity632 in an anisotropic host of @entity4832 , absorption components corresponding to transitions with mutually orthogonal polarizations have been resolved. These can be exploited to determine the orientations of the two chromophore axes in the DNA complex relative to the DNA helix @entity2270 . In a certain binding regime the long @entity2270 of the bound @entity4349 chromophores (with the exception of @entity8779 ) is found to be approximately 10 degrees closer to perpendicular to the helix @entity2270 than are the DNA bases. This demonstrates that the average base tilt is at least 10 degrees. By contrast, the short @entity2270 of the aglycon moiety is found to be tilted some 20-30 degrees from perpendicular. This may be because it is probing a base direction with a more pronounced, static or dynamic, inclination than the average in DNA. The drug orientation and the DNA orientation (reflecting flexibility) are observed to vary differently and nonmonotonically with binding ratio, suggesting specific binding and varying site geometries.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -DNA interactions studied with linear dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['4-demethoxydaunorubicin']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['Anthracycline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although uncommon, complete @entity8245 secondary to @entity2736 results in severe disability. The results of surgical management remain unclear. METHODS: A single surgeon used a consistent operative technique to treat @entity3947 of the elbow in eleven limbs in seven @entity1 after severe burns and in nine elbows in eight @entity1 after @entity130 . The elbows in the burn cohort were more often ankylosed in extension (average, 47 degrees of flexion) compared with those in the @entity130 cohort (66 degrees of flexion), and they had more skin problems (three elbows required a free microvascular muscle transfer for coverage) and associated problems of the shoulder, wrist, and hand. RESULTS: Four @entity1 in the burn cohort and three @entity1 in the @entity130 cohort failed to regain at least 80 degrees of ulnohumeral motion. After a repeat release in three burn @entity1 and three @entity130 @entity1 , and at an average follow-up of forty months, the average arc of ulnohumeral motion was 81 degrees in the burn cohort and 94 degrees in the @entity130 cohort. Six of the eleven limbs in the burn cohort and five of the nine in the @entity130 cohort had a good result. The average score according to the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow assessment form was 72 points for the burn cohort and 76 points for the @entity130 cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Osseous @entity8245 is a severely disabling problem, and attempts to regain mobility are both worthwhile and safe. The results are comparable when the @entity3947 is caused by burns or @entity130 despite the greater complexity of @entity3947 in the burned arm. @entity1 and surgeons should be aware of the small risk of recurrent @entity2736 and the moderate risk of @entity158 or recurrent contracture after operative release.

title: Operative release of @entity8245 due to XXXX . Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8245 :: ('MESH:C566753', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis of the elbow']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['complete osseous ankylosis', 'ankylosis', 'osseous ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity2736 :: (MESH:D009999,Disease) :: ['heterotopic ossification']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To learn more about the prevalence of dietary supplement and medication use by Canadian @entity2587 in the Olympic Games in Atlanta 1996 and Sydney 2000. SETTING AND @entity1 : Data were collected from personal interviews with Canadian @entity2587 who participated at the 1996 Atlanta and 2000 Sydney Olympic Games. The @entity2587 were interviewed by Canadian physicians regarding the use of vitamins, minerals, nutritional supplements, and prescribed and over-the-counter medications. Of the 271 Canadian @entity2587 who participated at the Atlanta Olympics, 257 @entity2587 were interviewed; at the Sydney Olympics, 300 of 304 Canadian @entity2587 were interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: A quantitative and qualitative description of the use of dietary supplements by Canadian @entity2587 at the Atlanta and Sydney Olympics. RESULTS: At the Atlanta Games, 69% of the @entity2587 used some form of dietary supplements, whereas 74% of the @entity2587 used dietary supplements at the Sydney Games. @entity2221 were taken by 59% of @entity1 and 66% of @entity1 in Atlanta, and 65% of @entity1 and 58% @entity1 in Sydney. Mineral supplements were used by 16% of @entity1 and 45% of @entity1 in Atlanta, and 30% of @entity1 and 21% of @entity1 in Sydney. Nutritional supplements were used by 35% of @entity1 and 43% of @entity1 in Atlanta, and 43% of @entity1 and 51% of @entity1 in Sydney. The most popular vitamins were multivitamins in both Olympics. The most popular mineral supplements were @entity68 supplements. The most commonly used nutritional supplement in Atlanta was @entity908 (14%), but @entity1522 (15%) were the most commonly used nutritional supplement in Sydney. In Atlanta, 61% of the @entity2587 were using some form of medication, 54% of the @entity2587 were using medications in Sydney. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) were the most commonly used medications at both Olympic Games. Among all sports, the highest prevalence of vitamin use occurred in boxing (91%) in Atlanta and swimming (76%) in Sydney. Rowers (56%) and cyclists (73%) demonstrated the highest use of mineral supplements. Nutritional supplement use occurred most often in swimming (56%) and cycling (100%). The use of NSAIDs was highest in softball (60%) in Atlanta and gymnastics (100%) in Sydney. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates that dietary supplement use was common among Canadian @entity2587 at both the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games. There was a slight increase in total dietary supplement use at the Sydney Games. Widespread use of supplements, combined with an absence of evidence of their efficacy and a concern for the possibility of "inadvertent" doping, underscore the need for appropriately focused educational initiatives in this area.

title: The use of dietary supplements and medications by Canadian XXXX at the Atlanta and Sydney Olympic Games.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamins']

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: In response to the need for appropriate models for monoclonal antibody guided detection and therapy of @entity1 @entity0 , we developed an allogeneic host- @entity5 model by injecting K248C and K248P cells into @entity468 . A comparison between the K248C- and K248P-induced @entity5 with respect to biological behavior and histological appearance was made throughout the study. Allotransplantation of @entity5 cells was performed both in newborn @entity468 and fetal @entity468 between days 42 and 51 of gestation, but only @entity5 cells injected by the latter approach resulted in @entity5 growth in all animals injected. Both @entity5 cell lines gave rise to progressively growing @entity5 at the site of injection, metastatic spread of @entity5 cells to various organs, and @entity204 from progression 2-4 months after birth. The predominant histological appearance of the K248C and K248P allografts resembled the cribriform and tubulo-papillary growth patterns, respectively, of the original @entity5 from which the two cell lines were derived. Autopsy of 1-day kittens showed that @entity3 started already in the fetus in the short period between injection of @entity5 cells and birth. Three predominant patterns of @entity3 were identified: the pulmonary/pleural type, the abdominal type, and the soft tissue type. A lower incidence of @entity3 was found in bones and brain. The K248C allografts formed significantly more @entity3 of the @entity5 (p less than 0.05). No difference in survival was observed between animals with K248C or K248P allografts. The difference in take rate and latency period between K248C and K248P in athymic @entity19 does not seem to be present in the feline host. The similarity of the present model to spontaneous feline and @entity1 @entity189 is discussed.

title: Allotransplantation of K248 feline @entity189 cell line in @entity468 . A model for monoclonal antibody guided detection and therapy of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal type than K248P tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We report three cases of @entity3385 ( @entity3385 ), a benign, reactive pathologic process that develops in the skin and subcutaneous tissue of immobilized or debilitated @entity1 . Two @entity1 were immobilized, one wheelchair bound, and one bedridden. The third @entity1 frequently lay over the affected area. Two were male, one female, ages 49, 66, and 89 (mean 68 years old). Each @entity1 presented with a subcutaneous mass, one with focal surface ulceration, present for 5 months, 6 months, and 12 months (mean 7.7 months). The locations included back, lateral thigh (over greater trochanter), and lateral chest wall. No other lesions were present, and none had recurrences. Histologically, @entity3385 is characterized principally by dermal and subcutaneous tissue involvement with @entity39 , reactive @entity82 , and focal myxoid change with surrounding more cellular zones of prominent reactive neovascularization including granulation tissue and ectatic vessels with reactive atypical fibroblasts and fat @entity39 . Other findings include hyalinization of vessel walls, fibrin thrombi, red blood cell extravasation, hemosiderin deposition, and @entity32 . Although the changes are predominantly deep, involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissue and skeletal muscle, the overlying epidermis may @entity1066 . Recognition of @entity3385 is of paramount importance, for it may be misinterpreted as a @entity242 , both clinically and histologically.

title: XXXX : a series of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'fibrinoid necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['ADF', 'atypical decubital fibroplasia']

answer: @entity3385 :: (MESH:D012178,Disease) :: ['Atypical decubital fibroplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pseudomembranous fat @entity39 is a peculiar manifestation of @entity39 of adipose tissue characterized by formation of @entity9007 lined by crenulated membranes. The underlying mechanism for the formation of @entity8307 is unknown and numerous hypotheses have been proposed. Despite divergent interpretations, most authors consider @entity39 fat cells to be the anatomic substrate for the formation of @entity8307 . METHODS: A total of 341 @entity3139 were reviewed for the presence of @entity4099 . The specific diagnoses were established after correlation of all available clinical and laboratory data with the histopathology. Special attention was given to the time in the evolution of the disease when the biopsy was taken. Additional immunohistochemical studies were performed in 12 cases. RESULTS: Thirty of 341 cases of different types of @entity3139 were found to show @entity4099 , namely: 10 of 15 cases of sclerosing @entity3139 ( @entity4165 ), 6 of 95 cases of @entity5406 , 7 of 34 cases of @entity130 , 1 of 7 cases of @entity30338 , 1 of 20 cases of @entity20855 Bazin ( @entity1333 ), 1 of 9 cases of @entity4172 , 1 of 4 cases of @entity3808 , 1 of 9 cases of @entity166 ( @entity13171 ), 1 of 2 cases of @entity788 , and 1 of 4 cases of @entity370 . Pseudomembranous fat @entity39 labelled strongly for the histiocytic markers @entity469 and lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS: Our series provides data suggesting that @entity4099 represents a dynamic process that varies according to the evolution of the lesion at the time of the biopsy. In biopsies taken from early foci of @entity3139 @entity8307 show vescicular or picnotic nuclei. Later, @entity8307 retain their crenulated appearance but lack nuclear elements. Furthermore, we present histopathologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical evidence that @entity4099 results from the interaction of residual products of disintegrated fat cells and macrophages. Histiocytic markers such as @entity469 and lysozyme may be used as reliable tools in order to detect @entity8307 in @entity3139 .

title: Subcutaneous XXXX : new observations.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity30338 :: ('MESH:D015435', 'Disease') :: ['lupus panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['nodular vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

entities_list: @entity4165 :: ('MESH:C537026', 'Disease') :: ['lipodermatosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic lipogranuloma']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranes']

entities_list: @entity20855 :: ('MESH:D004891', 'Disease') :: ['erythema induratum']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocystic cavities']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis', 'panniculitides']

entities_list: @entity4172 :: ('MESH:D009335', 'Disease') :: ['necrobiosis lipoidica']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious panniculitis']

entities_list: @entity4099 :: ('MESH:D005218', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous fat necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity4099 :: (MESH:D005218,Disease) :: ['pseudomembranous fat necrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accuracy in delineating the target volume is a major issue for successful stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity2758 . The aim of the present study was to describe a method to integrate three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography (3DRA) into CyberKnife treatment planning and to investigate its potential advantages compared with computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 20 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity7026 were included in the present study. All @entity1 underwent multislice computed tomography and 3D-volumetric CTA, 3DRA, and 3D magnetic resonance angiography. The contouring of the target and critical volumes was done separately using CTA and thereafter directly using 3DRA. The composite, conjoint, and disjoint volumes were measured. RESULTS: The use of CTA or 3DRA resulted in significant differences in the target and critical volumes. The target volume averaged 3.49    3.01 mL measured using CTA and 3.26    2.93 mL measured using 3DRA, for a difference of 8% (p < .05). The conjoint and disjoint volume analysis showed an 88% volume overlap. The qualitative evaluation showed that the excess volume obtained using CTA was mostly tissue surrounding the nidus and @entity1211 . The mean contoured venous volume was 0.67 mL measured using CTA and 0.88 mL (range, 0.1-2.7) measured using 3DRA (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: 3DRA is a volumetric angiographic study that can be integrated into computer-based treatment planning. Although whether 3DRA provides superior accuracy has not yet been proved, its high spatial resolution is attractive and offers a superior 3D view. This allows a better 3D understanding of the target volume and distribution of the radiation doses within the volume. Additional technical efforts to improve the temporal resolution and the development of software tools aimed at improving the performance of 3D contouring are warranted.

title: Integration of three-dimensional rotational angiography in radiosurgical treatment planning of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7026 :: ('MESH:D002538', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous structures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['cerebral arteriovenous malformations']


abstract: The analysis of @entity66 such as @entity565 poses a challenging problem. In an effort to provide unbiased insight into disease pathogenesis, we took an empirical approach involving transcript expression profiling of lung tissue from @entity19 with experimental @entity565 . @entity748 responses were found to involve sequential induction of 4.7% of the tested genome; notably, there was ectopic expression of a series of genes not previously implicated in allergic or pulmonary responses. Genes were widely distributed throughout all chromosomes, but preferentially included genes involved in immunity, development, and homeostasis. When @entity565 was induced by two independent experimental regimens, unique gene transcript profiles were found depending upon the mode of disease induction. However, the majority of genes were common to both models representing an @entity565 signature genome. Analysis of @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 revealed that an unexpectedly large segment of the @entity565 genes were @entity9094 independent; this correlated with sustained inflammatory events in these @entity19 . Notably, induction of @entity565 in @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 resulted in gene induction not seen in wild-type @entity19 . These results raise concern that therapeutic blockade of @entity9094 in the asthmatic setting may reprogram the genetic signature, resulting in alternative lung pathology, which we indeed observed in @entity9094 -deficient @entity19 . These results provide unprecedented insight into the complex steps involved in the pathogenesis of allergic airway responses; as such, these results have significant therapeutic and clinical implications.

title: Transcript signatures in experimental @entity565 : identification of XXXX -dependent and -independent pathways.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polygenic diseases']

answer: @entity9094 :: (20852(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: @entity8 are well known, but @entity1141 of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is less frequent and has specific presentation. There have been few reports on the different types of presentations. We report a series of 38 cases and present the characteristic features together with a comparison with data in the literature. These non-atheromatous non-inflammatory lesions of the arterial wall occurred either in a context of @entity66 which cause is unknown (30/38 @entity1 ) or in @entity1 with @entity74 such as @entity4786 (3/38) or @entity4243 (5/38). The @entity66 presented three aspects with specific characteristics. a) stenosing lesions found predominantly in @entity1 with a different morphology than in the other localization (usually associated): irregular diffuse @entity850 discovered in @entity1 with @entity101 , or ischemic digestive symptoms (6/14 @entity1 ). b) @entity439 , also found predominantly in @entity1 , but less frequently associated with other @entity1141 . These @entity439 were generally sacciform. Unlike data in the literature, our series only included rupture in 1/8 cases. The @entity439 was discovered during the exploration of @entity490 or @entity101 . c) The third type of @entity66 concerned dissections which were observed in the male population, (except one case of @entity1347 ), and presented with signs of digestive @entity63 in the other seven @entity1 , four in an emergency context requiring immediate treatment. Two @entity74 were observed. a) @entity4267 , but with abnormal nerve formations in the wall. For the three cases observed, one involved only the visceral arteries and the two others thoraco-abdominal coarctation. b) We had five @entity1 with @entity4243 , with @entity1141 of the @entity6029 . For three there was a fusiform dilatation and in one small @entity439 along the arterial trunk, which only required surveillance. There was only one @entity439 which required treatment by resection and venous graft. In these young @entity1 , revascularization was generally achieved with autologous material and the prognosis was favorable. Embolization was successful in treating the sacciform @entity439 in one @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity1141 of the @entity6029 has a specific presentation which must be recognized to enable diagnosis of this not uncommon condition in young subjects (even @entity1 ) who often present with an acute abdomen requiring urgent treatment.

title: [Thirty-eight cases of @entity1141 of the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia of the renal and cervical arteries']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome', 'Ehlers-Danlos disease']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis led to dysplasia analogous to fibromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases', 'genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'dysplasias']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['superior mesenteric artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The operating room is a high-risk setting for occupational @entity2949 and bloodborne pathogen exposure. The requirement to provide safety-engineered devices, mandated by the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act of 2000, has received scant attention in surgical settings. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed percutaneous injury surveillance data from 87 hospitals in the United States from 1993 through 2006, comparing injury rates in surgical and nonsurgical settings before and after passage of the law. We identified devices and circumstances associated with @entity130 among surgical team members. RESULTS: Of 31,324 total @entity2949 , 7,186 were to surgical personnel. After the legislation, injury rates in nonsurgical settings dropped 31.6%, but increased 6.5% in surgical settings. Most @entity130 were caused by suture needles (43.4%), scalpel blades (17%), and syringes (12%). Three-quarters of @entity130 occurred during use or passing of devices. Surgeons and residents were most often original users of the injury-causing devices; nurses and surgical technicians were typically injured by devices originally used by others. CONCLUSIONS: Despite legislation and advances in sharps safety technology, @entity3816 continued to increase during the period that nonsurgical @entity130 decreased significantly. Hospitals should comply with requirements for the adoption of safer surgical technologies, and promote policies and practices shown to substantially reduce blood exposures to surgeons, their coworkers, and @entity1 . Although decisions affecting the safety of the surgical team lie primarily in the surgeon's hands, there are also roles for administrators, educators, and policy makers.

title: Increase in XXXX in surgical settings versus nonsurgical settings after passage of national @entity2949 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2949 :: ('MESH:D016602', 'Disease') :: ['sharps injuries']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['surgical injuries']

answer: @entity2949 :: (MESH:D016602,Disease) :: ['sharps injuries']


abstract: 1. The activation of elementary @entity460 release events ('puffs') and their co-ordination to generate @entity460 waves was studied in @entity1238 oocytes by confocal linescan imaging together with photorelease of @entity671 (InsP3) from a caged precursor. 2. Weak photolysis flashes evoked no responses or isolated @entity460 puffs, whereas flashes of increasing strength evoked more frequent puffs, often occurring in flurries as abortive waves, and then a near-simultaneous @entity460 liberation originating at multiple sites. The numbers of sites activated increased initially as about the fourth power of photoreleased [InsP3]. 3. Following repeated, identical photolysis flashes, puffs arose after stochastically varying latencies of a few hundred milliseconds to several seconds. The cumulative number of events initially increased as about the third power of time. No rise in free [ @entity141 ] was detected preceding the puffs, suggesting that this co-operativity arises through binding of multiple InsP3 molecules, rather than through @entity460 feedback. 4. The mean latency to onset of @entity460 liberation shortened as about the square of the flash strength, and the dispersion in latencies between events reduced correspondingly. 5. Weak stimuli often evoked coupled puffs involving adjacent sites, and stronger flashes evoked saltatory @entity460 waves, propagating with non-constant velocity. During waves, [ @entity141 ] rose slowly between puff sites, but more abruptly at active sites following an initial diffusive rise in @entity460 . 6. Initial rates of rise of local [ @entity141 ] at release sites were similar during puffs and release induced by much (> 10-fold) greater [InsP3]. In contrast, macroscopic @entity460 measurements averaged over the scan line showed a graded dependence of rate of @entity460 liberation upon [InsP3], due to recruitment of additional sites and decreasing dispersion in activation latencies. 7. We conclude that the initiation of @entity460 liberation depends co-operatively upon [InsP3] whereas the subsequent regenerative increase in @entity460 flux depends upon local @entity460 feedback and is largely independent of [InsP3]. Wave propagation is consistent with the diffusive spread of @entity460 evoking regenerative liberation at heterogeneous discrete sites, the sensitivity of which is primed by InsP3.

title: Activation and co-ordination of InsP3-mediated elementary XXXX events during global @entity141 signals in @entity1238 oocytes.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: In this study, we have located the sites of transcription initiation and termination on a cloned fragment of ribosomal DNA from @entity1238 , and have sequenced the surrounding @entity2036 . As reported previously (Reeder, Sollner-Webb and Wahn, 1977), about 25% of the 40S rRNA precursor molecules isolated from oocytes have polyphosphate 5' termini and are therefore presumed to represent primary transcripts. These ends hybridize specifically to the 221 bp DNA fragment and removed the overhanging DNA region with S1 nuclease. In the other, we hybridized 40S RNA to a 221 bp fragment of ribosomal DNA. The @entity2036 encoding the 5' end of the 40S RNA were located more precisely by two methods. In one, we hybridized 40S RNA to the 221 bp DNA fragment and removed the overhanging DNA region with S1 nuclease. In the other, we hybridized 40S RNA to a smaller DNA fragment and extended the recessed 3' terminus of the DNA using reverse transcriptase. The resultant DNA fragments were sized on sequencing gels. Both determinations map the 5' end of 40S RNA at the same site in the rDNA, about 2250 bp upstream from the Eco RI site in the 18S rRNA coding sequence. At this site we find a DNA sequence beginning AGGGGAAGAC.... which agrees with partial sequence data from the 5' end of polyphosphorylated and bulk 40S rRNA. Features of this region of the ribosomal DNA will be discussed in this paper. A 227 @entity377 region surrounding the initiation site was also sequenced from an independently derived clone and found to differ in only one @entity377 . In addition, a sequence is found about 1100 @entity2036 upstream from the 5' end of the gene that has 90% homology to the sequence from @entity2036 minus 125 to +4 in the initiation region. At the termination region, @entity1238 ribosomal DNA has a single recognition site for the restriction enzyme Hind III in each repeating unit. Using the S1 nuclease technique, the 3' termini of both the 40S precursor and mature 28S rRNA are seen to map within this recognition sequence. The sequence surrounding the Hind III site has striking homology to termination sites recognized by other RNA polymerase classes. Sequences with similar features are also found upstream from the initiation site.

title: The @entity377 sequence of the initiation and termination sites for ribosomal RNA transcription in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['X. laevis']


abstract: @entity4278 @entity10327 . melonis is a highly specialized fungus that attacks the root system of @entity2487 ( @entity2487 L.). In this work the presence of a class III chitinase was examined by immunological techniques in the root and stem base of a susceptible (cv. Galia) and a resistant (cv. Bredor) @entity2487 during the infection process. By immunolocalization it was not possible to detect the constitutive presence of class III chitinase in any of the cultivars. However, the immunolabelling appeared in the root tissues of both cultivars as a consequence of wounding and of infection by @entity4278 @entity10327 . melonis. Distinct patterns of chitinase detection were observed in the roots of the two cultivars as the infection progressed. Furthermore, by western blotting distinct class III chitinase isoforms were detected, which responded differently to the @entity4278 @entity10327 . @entity281 . Our results strongly indicate that a relationship exists between class III chitinase and @entity2487 resistance to @entity22214 , and that the resistance is associated with certain isoforms of this enzyme.

title: Immunolocalization of a class III chitinase in two muskmelon cultivars reacting differently to XXXX @entity10327 . melonis.

entities_list: @entity2487 :: ('3656', 'Species') :: ['melon', 'Cucumis melo']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['melonis infection']

entities_list: @entity4278 :: ('5507', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium oxysporum', 'F. oxysporum']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['Fusarium infection']

answer: @entity4278 :: (5507,Species) :: ['Fusarium oxysporum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Mucormycosis is an @entity697 caused by a fungus of the Mucorales order of the Zygomycetes class. In the majority of cases, it is associated with an underlying disorder, such as @entity6 with @entity1270 , or with immunocompromising factors, but it may appear in healthy @entity1 , although rarely. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical to prevent an otherwise fatal outcome. This article presents and discusses the early (alarming) signs and symptoms and the predisposing factors that should be considered to avoid delays in diagnosis. METHODS: We review seven cases of @entity2583 admitted to our hospitals from 1998 to 2003. RESULTS: All @entity1 had an underlying immunocompromising factor and/or @entity6 . Five @entity1 had @entity1066 . Three @entity1 had @entity1939 , and two @entity1 required orbital exenteration. Four @entity1 died because of a delayed diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis is critical in the prevention of intracranial extension of the @entity281 , which is the cause of @entity204 in 80% of cases. Therefore, a high index of clinical suspicion is essential in immunocompromised or @entity6 @entity1 with @entity697 . Identification of a fungal organism on histopathology is the most specific element for diagnosis. A team approach to management is recommended for early surgical debridement, correction of @entity6 , and systemic antifungal agents. Timely medical-surgical treatment proves extremely important for prognosis.

title: Early identification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['rhinocerebral mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and often fatal infection', 'acute sinus infection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['palatal necrotic ulcers and/or black eschars']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral blindness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['rhinocerebral mucormycosis']


abstract: @entity1375 following hemithyroidectomy for benign nontoxic @entity1374 is an underappreciated phenomenon. Up until recently, it was common practice for physicians to place post-hemithyroidectomy @entity1 on thyroid suppression therapy during the immediate postoperative period. That practice began to fall out of favor as a result of two developments: (1) the publication of data that put into question the efficacy of @entity1955 therapy for preventing recurrent disease or thyroid growth and (2) a heightened awareness of the morbidity associated with @entity1955 . We conducted a retrospective chart-review study of 58 @entity1 with benign nontoxic @entity1374 who had undergone hemithyroidectomy from 1994 through 2003 at one institution. Of these 58 @entity1 , 14 (24.1%) had become @entity1375 after surgery, including 7 who had been so diagnosed 1 month postoperatively and 6 at 2 months. The remaining 44 @entity1 were euthyroid. The mean preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in the @entity1375 and the euthyroid groups were 2.39 and 1.07 microlU/ml, respectively-a statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). A tissue diagnosis consistent with @entity32 ( @entity1669 or @entity2621 ) was found in 50.0% of the @entity1375 @entity1 , compared with only 6.8% of the euthyroid @entity1 -again, a significant difference (p < 0.001). No significant difference was seen between the two grqups with respect to age, sex, or the weight of the resected gland. We conclude that @entity1375 after hemithyroidectomy is not an uncommon occurrence. Apparent risk factors include a high mean preoperative serum TSH level and tissue pathology consistent with @entity32 . It may be wise to follow @entity1 with these identifiable risk factors more closely during the postoperative period; monitoring should include scheduled serial serum TSH draws.

title: @entity1375 following hemithyroidectomy for benign nontoxic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidural opioids are widely used for central neuraxial blockade and postoperative @entity1337 . However, differences in analgesic efficacy and side effect rates among individual opioids remain controversial. METHODS: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared at least 2 continuous epidural infusions for acute postoperative @entity1337 over at least 24 hours. Individual study data were weighted by the inverse-variance method. Visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 scores were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included opioid side effects, such as @entity111 , @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ), sedation, @entity551 , and @entity1576 . RESULTS: Nineteen of the 24 trials included compared 2 of the following opioids: @entity1286 , @entity3575 , or @entity681 . The total subjects studied were 1513. Pooled analysis by type of surgery showed no clinically significant differences in VAS @entity158 scores at any time after surgery. There were more @entity1209 (OR = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.14-3.18; P = 0.014) and perhaps @entity111 (OR = 1.64; 95% CI, 0.98-2.76; P = 0.162) with @entity1286 compared to @entity3575 . @entity4784 differed only in the trials comparing @entity1286 and @entity3575 , where @entity1 in the @entity1286 group required 1.2 mg (of @entity1286 equivalent) less (95% CI, 0.27-2.18). Use of analgesic adjuncts was similar for all but 2 studies. CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic outcome, in terms of VAS @entity158 score, was similar between the epidural opioids studied. These similarities in @entity1337 may reflect the common practices of concurrently using epidural local anesthetics with the opioids and titrating infusion rates according to a @entity1 's @entity158 status. With respect to side effects, the incidence of @entity1209 and possibly @entity111 was higher with @entity1286 compared with @entity3575 , despite there being similar total opioid consumption between those groups.

title: What epidural opioid results in the best XXXX outcomes and fewest side effects after surgery?: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['Total opioid consumption']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['PONV', 'postoperative nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is increasingly used in the pediatric age group. However, normal values for BAL fluid (BALF) constituents are lacking. As part of an investigation to define reference values in @entity1 , we studied lymphocyte surface markers of BALF in 28 @entity1 3 to 16 yr of age without @entity66 . All of them were undergoing elective surgery for nonpulmonary illnesses. BAL was performed under general anaesthesia with tracheal intubation. A flexible bronchoscope (Pentax 3.5 or 4.9 mm) was wedged into the middle lobe or into one of its segments, and 3 x 1 ml/kg body weight normal saline warmed to body temperature were instilled and immediately withdrawn. The first sample was studied separately; subsequent samples were pooled for analysis. Studies on lymphocyte surface markers were performed on the pooled sample only. The distribution of B-cells, pan T-cells, and @entity4755 positive cells was within the range reported for adult subjects. However, @entity404 / @entity405 ratios were lower than in adults (0.7 +/- 0.4, mean +/- SD). This decrease in the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio was caused by an increase in @entity405 cells. Comparative analysis of blood and BALF lymphocytes in a subgroup of @entity1 showed that @entity404 / @entity405 ratios in blood were within the normal range reported for this age group and significantly higher when compared with BALF. The lower @entity404 / @entity405 ratios in normal @entity1 have to be considered in the interpretation of BALF in @entity1 with @entity358 .

title: Lymphocyte subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of @entity1 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['bronchopulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity19166 and @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) are successfully treated with radiation therapy. The lenses are blocked to prevent @entity231 formation. However, blocking of the lens by traditional methods can be difficult for @entity5 located anteriorly and extending into the retrobulbar space. We present a series of 3 @entity1 with @entity19166 and 1 with @entity6875 treated with stereotactic intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to spare normal structures, including the lens. Three @entity1 with @entity19166 and 1 with unilateral @entity6875 were treated with IMRT using a linac with stereotactic capabilities. Avoidance structures included the @entity717 and globe, the contralateral lens and globe, the chiasm, and the brainstem. Two @entity1 with @entity19166 were treated with 24 Gy in 12 fractions, and 1 @entity1 was treated with 30.6 Gy in 17 fractions. The @entity1 with @entity6875 was treated with 20 Gy in 10 fractions. The dosimetry was analyzed to determine the dose to normal tissues. @entity1 follow-up varies between 8 and 24 months. The mean minimal dose to the @entity717 was 13.6% of the total dose, the mean maximal dose was 33.5%, and the mean median dose was 19.3%. The mean median dose to the contralateral eye was 1.1% of the total dose. The mean median dose to the chiasm was 14.9% of the total dose. The mean median dose to the brainstem was 1.9% of the total dose. No @entity231 or other complications were noted in the 4 @entity1 treated with this technique so far. IMRT gives a more conformal treatment to the orbital contents while sparing normal tissues such as the @entity717 and adjacent critical structures. This should result in fewer complications such as @entity231 .

title: Stereotactic radiotherapy for unilateral @entity19166 and XXXX : a planning study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Grave's ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral lens']

entities_list: @entity19166 :: ('MESH:C537131', 'Disease') :: ['orbital lymphomas', 'orbital lymphoma', 'Orbital lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['orbital pseudo-tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the dosimetric results and treatment delivery efficiency among RapidArc   (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), 7-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy (7-f IMRT) and 9-field IMRT (9-f IMRT) with hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost to the prostate. METHODS: RapidArc, 7-f IMRT and 9-f IMRT plans were created for 21 consecutive @entity1 treated for high-risk @entity263 using the Eclipse    treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems). All plans were designed to deliver 70.0 Gy in 28 fractions to the prostate planning target volume ( @entity343 ) while simultaneously delivering 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions to the pelvic nodal @entity343 . Target coverage and sparing of organs at risk (OARs) were compared across techniques. The total number of monitor units (MUs) and the treatment time were used to assess treatment delivery efficiency. RESULTS: RapidArc resulted in slightly superior conformity and homogeneity of prostate @entity343 , whereas all plans were comparable with respect to dose to the nodal @entity343 . Although OARs sparing for RapidArc and 7-f IMRT plans were almost equivalent, 9-f IMRT achieved better sparing of the rectum and bladder than RapidArc and 7-f IMRT. RapidArc provided the highest treatment delivery efficiency with the lowest MUs and shortest treatment time. CONCLUSION: RapidArc resulted in similar OAR sparing to 7-f IMRT, whereas 9-f IMRT provided the best OAR sparing. Treatment delivery efficiency is significantly higher for RapidArc. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study validated the feasibility and limitations of RapidArc in the treatment of high-risk @entity263 with complex pelvic target volumes.

title: A dosimetric comparison of RapidArc and IMRT with hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost to the prostate for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 are characterized by deficits in behavioral activation, exertion of effort, and other @entity1155 . @entity308 @entity1 show alterations in effort-related decision making and a bias towards selection of low effort activities. It has been suggested that animal tests of effort-related decision making could be useful as models of @entity409 seen in psychopathology. METHODS: Because clinical studies have suggested that inhibition of catecholamine uptake may be a useful strategy for treatment of effort-related motivational symptoms, the present research assessed the ability of bupropion to increase work output in @entity35 responding on a test of effort-related decision-making (ie, a progressive ratio/chow feeding choice task). With this task, @entity35 can choose between working for a preferred food (high-carbohydrate pellets) by lever pressing on a progressive ratio schedule vs obtaining a less preferred laboratory chow that is freely available in the chamber. RESULTS: Bupropion (10.0-40.0 mg/kg intraperitoneal) significantly increased all measures of progressive ratio lever pressing, but decreased chow intake. These effects were greatest in animals with low baseline levels of work output on the progressive ratio schedule. Because accumbens dopamine is implicated in effort-related processes, the effects of bupropion on markers of accumbens dopamine transmission were examined. Bupropion elevated extracellular dopamine levels in accumbens core as measured by microdialysis and increased phosphorylated dopamine and cyclic-AMP related phosphoprotein 32 kDaltons (pDARPP-32) immunoreactivity in a manner consistent with D1 and D2 receptor stimulation. CONCLUSION: The ability of bupropion to increase exertion of effort in instrumental behavior may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of effort-related motivational symptoms in @entity1 .

title: Bupropion Increases Selection of High Effort Activity in XXXX Tested on a Progressive Ratio/Chow Feeding Choice Procedure: Implications for Treatment of Effort-Related Motivational Symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'Depression and related disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['motivational dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor/motivational dysfunctions']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) and @entity308 ( @entity308 ) are associated with high disease burden. Pathways by which @entity1005 and @entity308 contribute to disease burden are not understood. DESIGN: Path analysis was used to examine pathways between @entity1005 symptoms, @entity308 symptoms, and disease burden among 251 low-income @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: In Model 1, we explored the independent relationship between @entity1005 and @entity308 symptoms on disease burden. In Model 2, we examined the association of @entity1005 symptoms and disease burden on @entity308 symptoms. We also examined indirect associations of @entity1005 symptoms on @entity308 symptoms, mediated by disease burden, and of @entity1005 symptoms on disease burden mediated by @entity308 symptoms. RESULTS: Disease burden correlated with @entity1005 symptoms (r = .41; p < .001) and @entity308 symptoms (r = .43; p < .001) symptoms. Both models fit the data well and displayed comparable fit. @entity308 symptoms did not mediate the association of @entity1005 symptoms with disease burden. Disease burden did mediate the relationship between @entity1005 symptoms and @entity308 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the importance of detection of @entity1005 in individuals with disease. Results also provide preliminary models for testing longitudinal data in future studies.

title: Posttraumatic stress and XXXX : potential pathways to disease burden among @entity712 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'Major Depressive Disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rates of @entity794 carriage on the hands and in the noses of healthcare workers (HCWs) and the relatedness of @entity794 isolates found in the two sites. DESIGN: Point-prevalence study. SETTING: Department for @entity65 at the University Hospital of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Samples were obtained from 133 individuals, 18 @entity1 and 115 @entity1 , using imprints of each hand on blood agar and a swab from the nose. @entity794 isolates were identified by standard methods and typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: @entity794 was found on the hands of 16.7% of the @entity1 and 9.6% of the @entity1 , and in the noses of 33.3% of the @entity1 and 17.4% of the @entity1 . The risk ratio for @entity794 carriage on the hands with nasal carriage was 7.4 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 20.2; P < .001). Among the 14 HCWs carrying @entity794 on their hands, strain likeness to the nasal isolate was documented for 7 (50%). CONCLUSIONS: Half of the HCWs acquired @entity794 on the hands from @entity1 or the environment and half did so by apparent self-inoculation from the nose. Regardless of the source of contamination, good compliance with hand hygiene is needed from all HCWs to protect @entity1 from @entity580 . The moderate rate of @entity794 carriage on hands in this setting could be the result of the routine use of alcoholic hand antisepsis.

title: Nasal and hand carriage of @entity794 in staff at a Department for XXXX : endogenous or exogenous source?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive necrosectomy through a retroperitoneal approach is gaining popularity for the treatment of @entity788 . There is, however, no substantial evidence from comparative studies in favor of this technique over laparotomy. The aim of this case-matched study was to perform the first head-to-head comparison of necrosectomy by the retroperitoneal approach with laparotomy in @entity1 with @entity788 . METHODS: Between 2001 and 2005, there were 15 of 841 consecutive acute @entity788 @entity1 who underwent necrosectomy by the retroperitoneal approach using a small flank incision. These @entity1 were matched for the presence of preoperative organ failure, status of infection, timing of surgery, age, and computed tomography severity index score with 15 of 46 @entity1 treated with necrosectomy by laparotomy and @entity86 ( @entity86 ). RESULTS: In addition to all matched preoperative characteristics, there were no significant differences in sex, preoperative intensive care unit (ICU) admission, preoperative ICU stay, preoperative APACHE-II scores, and preoperative @entity881 ( @entity881 ). @entity260 requiring reintervention occurred in six @entity1 in each group (p = 1.000). Postoperative new-onset @entity881 occurred in 10 @entity1 in the laparotomy/ @entity86 group versus 2 @entity1 in the retroperitoneal approach group (p = 0.008). Six @entity1 died in the laparotomy/ @entity86 group versus 1 @entity1 in the retroperitoneal approach group (p = 0.080). CONCLUSIONS: The less postoperative organ failure and the trend toward lower mortality may point to a benefit of the retroperitoneal approach over laparotomy. A randomized controlled design is, however, still required to answer definitively the question of which operative technique is preferably for @entity1 with (infected) @entity788 .

title: Case-matched comparison of the retroperitoneal approach with laparotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['CPL', 'continuous postoperative lavage']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']