abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebellar @entity1188 or @entity548 due to isolated @entity49 of the posterior fossa is a rare form of @entity5892 that can be unsuspected in clinical practice. METHODS: We studied 230 @entity1 with @entity5892 , identifying 9 (3.9%: 7 @entity1 , mean age 34 years) with neuroimaging or histopathologic evidence of localized posterior fossa vein @entity715 causing parenchymal injury limited exclusively to the cerebellum. RESULTS: All @entity1 had an insidious presentation suggesting other diagnoses. Intracranial @entity101 (n=6) and cerebellar (n=4) syndromes were the main clinical presentations. @entity5892 was idiopathic in 3 @entity1 ; associated with puerperium in 3; and with contraceptives, @entity7131 , and dehydration in 1 case each. CT was abnormal but not diagnostic in 5 @entity1 , showing a cerebellar hypodensity with fourth ventricle compression and variable @entity1276 in 5 @entity1 , and @entity548 in 2. Conventional MRI provided diagnosis in 6 cases, showing the causal @entity715 and cerebellar involvement; angiography was practiced in 2 of them, confirming the findings identified by MRI. In the other 3 @entity1 , diagnosis was reached by histopathology. @entity715 were localized at the straight sinus (n=4), lateral sinuses (n=3), and superior petrosal vein (n=2). The acute case fatality rate was 22.2% (n=2), 1 (11.1%) @entity1 was discharged in a vegetative state, 1 (11.1%) was severely disabled, and 5 (55.6%) were moderately disabled. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated @entity49 of the posterior fossa is infrequent and implies a challenging diagnosis. Risk factors for @entity5892 and atypical cerebellar findings on CT should lead to further MRI assessment.

title: @entity715 of the posterior fossa presenting as XXXX or @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial vein thrombosis', 'Intracranial vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thromboses']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['localized cerebellar venous infarctions']


abstract: The hippocampal dentate gyrus undergoes active neuronogenesis as well as growth and regression of neuronal elements and connections during the early postnatal period. In some brain regions, most notably in the visual system, both activity-dependent synaptic plasticity and @entity143 receptor activation are candidate mechanisms by which neuronal architecture may be refined during brain maturation. To investigate whether similar mechanisms might obtain in developing dentate, we studied the effects of tetanic stimulation before and after @entity143 receptor blockade in hippocampal slices from @entity35 at 7-33 days. Field potentials were recorded in the suprapyramidal granule cell layer in response to stimulation of the medial perforant path. Robust long-term potentiation (LTP) of population spike amplitude (approximately 200% of baseline) was produced by a single @entity116 (100 Hz, 2 s, 200 microseconds) at all ages studied. Application of 10 microM AP5 depressed population spike amplitude only in the younger slices (approximately 81% of baseline at 8-15 days; approximately 86% of baseline at 16-24 days), suggesting that the @entity143 receptor-mediated component of normal synaptic transmission is higher in early development and decreases with maturation. AP5 prevented or significantly diminished LTP at all ages, establishing the @entity143 dependence of LTP induction in the medial perforant path throughout development. AP5 also unmasked @entity116 -induced homosynaptic long-term @entity308 (62-75% of baseline) in the younger slices (8-24 days). Thus, prominent @entity143 receptor-mediated activity and the capacity for bidirectional synaptic plasticity are characteristic of immature dentate. These processes may influence dentate morphogenesis by contributing to the growth, regression, and stabilization of neuronal elements.

title: AP5 blocks LTP in developing XXXX dentate gyrus and unmasks LTD.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity22679 stabilizes the cadherin cell adhesion complex but, as a component of the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway, also controls gene expression by forming a heterodimer with a transcription factor of the LEF-TCF family. We demonstrate that the substrate adhesion molecule @entity22680 is a direct target of Wnt/Wg signaling. Nuclear depletion of @entity22679 following cadherin transfection in @entity1238 fibroblasts resulted in downregulation of @entity22680 expression which was restored by activating the Wnt/Wg signaling cascade via @entity4113 treatment or transfection of either @entity22681 or @entity22679 . We isolated the @entity1238 @entity22680 gene (FN) promoter and found four putative LEF-TCF binding sites. By comparing the activities of different @entity22680 gene reporter constructs in fibroblasts and cadherin transfectants, the LEF-TCF site at position -368 was identified as a Wnt/Wg response element. @entity22682 -related proteins were found in nuclei of the fibroblasts but were absent in a kidney epithelial cell line. Consistent with the lack of these transcription factors, the FN promoter was silent in the epithelial cells but was activated upon transfection of @entity22682 . Wild-type @entity1238 Tcf-3 ( @entity22683 ) was unable to activate FN promoter reporter constructs, while a mutant lacking the groucho binding region behaved like @entity22682 . In contrast to @entity22683 , @entity22682 does not interact with groucho proteins, which turn TCFs into activators or repressors (J. Roose, M. Molenaar, J. Hurenkamp, J. Peterson, H. Brantjes, P. Moerer, M. van de Wetering, O. Destre  , and H. Clevers, Nature 395:608-612, 1998). Together these data provide evidence that expressing @entity22682 enables fibroblasts, in contrast to epithelial cells, to respond to the Wnt/Wg signal via @entity22679 in stimulating @entity22680 gene transcription. Our findings further promote the idea that due to its dual function, @entity22679 regulates the balance between cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion.

title: The Wnt/Wg signal transducer XXXX controls @entity22680 expression.

answer: @entity22679 :: (399274(Tax:8355),Gene) :: ['beta-catenin']


abstract: To determine the effect of exogenous gonadotropin on size, number, cellular proliferation, and @entity1146 of follicles, ewes (n = 3-5/treatment/day) received an injection of vehicle or FSH-P (a pituitary extract) twice daily on Days 13, 14, and 15 (5, 4, and 3 mg FSH-P/injection, respectively; Day 0 = estrus) and were slaughtered on Days 14, 15, or 16 (i.e., after 24, 48, or 72 h of FSH-P treatment, respectively). An additional group of ewes (Day 13 control) received no treatment and were slaughtered on Day 13. All ewes received an i.v. injection of @entity1603 ( @entity1603 , a @entity1014 analog; 5 mg/kg-1 BW) 1 h before slaughter. For both ovaries from each ewe, number and surface diameter of all visible follicles were recorded, and antral follicles were classified as small (< or = 3 mm), medium (> 3 mm to < or = 6 mm), or large (> 6 mm). To evaluate rate of proliferation of follicular cells, ovaries were fixed by perfusion with Carnoy's solution, and @entity1603 was immunolocalized in paraffin-embedded sections by use of a specific primary antibody and indirect immunoperoxidase detection. As an index of the rate of cellular proliferation, labeling index ( @entity3162 : number of @entity1603 -labeled nuclei expressed as a percentage of total nuclei) of granulosa and thecal cells was determined by image analysis of antral follicles of known diameter. Follicular status (atretic vs. nonatretic) also was evaluated morphologically by using the histological sections. After 24 h of treatment (i.e., on Day 14), FSH-P-treated ewes had an increased (p < 0.01) number of medium follicles compared with vehicle-treated ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Size, number, cellular proliferation, and XXXX of gonadotropin-induced follicles in ewes.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', 'bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: The Western Washington Intravenous Streptokinase Trial randomized 368 @entity1 with @entity583 to receive either intravenous streptokinase or standard therapy. The ventriculograms and coronary angiograms obtained in 170 @entity1 10.4 +/- 7.4 days after @entity1188 were analyzed to evaluate the effects of thrombolytic therapy on global and regional systolic function. Streptokinase treatment resulted in a higher patency rate of the @entity1188 (68.5%) than did standard therapy (44.8%) (p = 0.003). Ejection fraction was higher in streptokinase-treated @entity1 (54% vs. 51%, p = 0.056), and the difference was most marked in @entity1 with @entity583 (53% vs. 44%, p = 0.03). Regional wall motion was measured by the centerline method and expressed in mean +/- SD motion in 52 normal subjects. There was a trend toward better function of the infarct zone in streptokinase-treated @entity1 (SD, -2.48 vs. -2.70, p = 0.24). Additionally, streptokinase-treated @entity1 had significantly better wall motion of noninfarct areas (SD, 0.36 vs. -0.08, p = 0.02). Treatment effects on function of noninfarct regions were most apparent in the subset of @entity1 with multivessel disease. Thus, intravenous streptokinase preserves left ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity583 . This benefit includes favorable effects on the function of regions remote from the site of @entity1188 .

title: Intravenous streptokinase for XXXX . Effects on global and regional systolic function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['anterior myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: The knowledge base of factors influencing ion pair partitioning is very sparse, primarily because of the difficulty in determining accurate log P(I) values of desirable low molecular weight (MW) reference compounds. We have developed a potentiometric titration procedure in @entity4338 /water-saturated octanol that provides a link to log P(I) through the thermodynamic cycle of ionization and partitioning. These titrations have the advantage of being independent of the magnitude of log P, while maintaining a reproducibility of a few hundredths of a log P in the calculated difference between log P neutral and log P ion pair (diff (log P(N - I))). Simple model compounds can be used. The titration procedure is described in detail, along with a program for calculating pK(a)'' values incorporating the ionization of water in @entity10333 . @entity3884 bonding and steric factors have a greater influence on ion pairs than they do on neutral species, yet these factors are missing from current programs used to calculate log P(I) and log D. In contrast to the common assumption that diff (log P(N - I)) is the same for all amines, they can actually vary more than 3 log units, as in our examples. A major factor affecting log P(I) is the ability of water and the counterion to approach the charge center. Bulky substituents near the charge center have a negative influence on log P(I). On the other hand, @entity3884 bonding groups near the charge center have the opposite effect by lowering the free energy of the ion pair. The use of this titration method to determine substituent @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) should bring about more accurate log D calculations and encourage species-specific QSAR involving log D(N) and log D(I). This work also brings attention to the fascinating world of nature's highly stabilized ion pairs.

title: Automated potentiometric titrations in XXXX /water-saturated octanol: method for quantifying factors influencing ion-pair partitioning.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['ion pair stabilization values', 'IPS']

answer: @entity4338 :: (CHEBI:32588,Chemical) :: ['KCl']


abstract: This paper defines the range of sexual partners chosen by out-of-school adolescents from Masaka District in rural south-west Uganda, and implications for sexual and reproductive health discussed. Data are drawn from a sexual health needs assessment using applied anthropological techniques with 31 adolescents, their parents, guardians and community leaders. Data were analysed using inductive thematic methods. Out-of-school adolescents are exposed to risk both stable and casual sexual relationships. Young @entity1 and @entity1 want a stable relationship with one reliable partner. Young @entity1 seek a "steady" relationship with younger schoolgirls; some also seek multiple "casual" relationships with young @entity1 easily convinced with gifts. Young @entity1 accept "permanent" partnerships with traders or transport workers one-three years older than themselves; some accept "casual" relationship with age mates, others have "casual" relationships with older @entity1 . All relationships involve the exchange of gifts and money. Older partners, or "sugar daddies", are valued, despite the knowledge they are more likely to be @entity645 positive, because they offer greater financial rewards than age mates. Though far less common, some older @entity1 seek relationships with younger @entity1 , but are treated with suspicion by young @entity1 , who believe they are seeking to "infect" them "maliciously" with @entity791 . The community sees these relationships as a source of @entity791 in adolescents, and condemn older @entity1 , whom they believe to be "killing" the younger generation. Both young @entity1 and @entity1 are exposure to @entity458 in their primary partnerships; young @entity1 in partnerships with schoolgirls who have concurrent partnerships with older @entity1 , unlikely to use condoms and young @entity1 with partners who work, and have casual relationships in urban trading centres. Health promotion encouraging partnership with age mates, discouraging sex with older partners and 100% condom use before marriage are most appropriate for out-of-school adolescents in this context.

title: Sexual partner types and related XXXX among out-of-school adolescents in rural south-west Uganda.

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health risk']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual health risk']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) with mutated nucleophosmin gene ( @entity8102 ) has distinctive clinical, hematological and molecular features, and is included as a provisional entity in 2008 World Health Organization classification. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and features of @entity3052 with mutated @entity8102 in Indian @entity1 . METHODS: One-hundred consecutive @entity1 of de-novo @entity3052 were evaluated for @entity8102 mutation and their features were compared with unmutated @entity8102 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity3052 with mutated @entity8102 was seen in 21% cases. There was female preponderance with median age of 51 years. Distinguishing Features in mutated group were less @entity548 manifestations and @entity158 ; more @entity3329 ; higher median total leukocyte and platelet count; less frequency of @entity3043 and more preserved megakaryocytes. Morphologically, cup-shaped nuclei in peripheral blood blasts correlated with @entity8102 mutation (p <0.01), but not bone @entity236 . Among the French-American-British subtypes, @entity8102 mutation was seen in M1, M4 and M2 subtypes but not in M0 and M3. Immunophenotypically, there was statistically significant negativity for @entity2280 , strong association with monocytic markers (especially @entity2935 ), @entity9988 was seen at higher frequency and higher mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values for @entity1116 were observed in mutated cases. CONCLUSIONS: Important findings in this study that have not been highlighted in detail in previous studies in @entity8102 -mutated cases include less @entity548 manifestations and @entity158 , lower frequency of @entity3043 and more preserved magakaryocytes, higher @entity9988 expression and higher MFI values for @entity1116 . Presence of blasts with cup-shaped nuclei correlated with @entity8102 mutation.

title: Nucleophosmin mutation in de-novo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pains']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow blasts']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the use of the new ultrasonically curved shear (UCS) can reduce the number of surgical stitches, extent of @entity190 , and operation time in (pylorus-preserving) pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for @entity5 . METHODS: The study population comprised 26 consecutive @entity1 who underwent PD for @entity5 . Intraoperative data, including number of stitches used, was prospectively collected. Results from 13 @entity1 who underwent conventional PD (Group A) were compared with those from 13 @entity1 who underwent PD using UCS (Group B). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two @entity1 groups. The extent of @entity190 in Group B was significantly less than in Group A (p  <  0.0001). Although there was no difference in total operation time, the time spent on hilar lymph node dissection was significantly shorter in Group B @entity1 than in Group A @entity1 (p  =  0.0189). The number of surgical stitches used was significantly less in Group B @entity1 than in Group A @entity1 (p  <  0.0001). There were no incidences of post-pancreatectomy @entity548 . CONCLUSION: The use of the new UCS was safe and associated with the economical benefit of fewer surgical stitches as well as reduced @entity190 .

title: Use of the new ultrasonically curved shear in pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['periampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few prospective data have been published on the comparison of bone density and quality in homogeneous groups of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). OBJECTIVE AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this study is to perform a longitudinal evaluation of the prevalence and the characteristics of bone mass and quality and to evaluate the differences on the bone parameters, using DXA, pQCT and QUS. POPULATION AND/OR METHODS: Forty-three @entity1252 @entity1 (35 females, 8 males, median age 18.8, range 14.0-34.1 years) have been studied with DXA, pQCT and QUS scans and compared with 138 @entity4932 @entity1 (112 females, 26 males, median age 18.9, range 13.4-33.2 years), and 79 controls (59 females, 20 males; median age 19.3, range 13.5-36.5 years). Of these, 39 @entity1 (32 females and 7 males, median age 20.3, range 16.6-36.8 years) with @entity1252 were followed longitudinally and compared with 131 @entity1 (108 females, 23 males median age 20.7, range 15.8-37.1 years) with @entity4932 and 63 controls (48 females, 15 males; median age 21.9, range 15.5-38.3 years). RESULTS: @entity1252 @entity1 have a higher bone cortical density (CrtBMD) than controls and @entity4932 @entity1 (p   <   0.005). However, @entity1252 and @entity4932 @entity1 have a significantly reduced bone trabecular density (TrbBMD) compared to controls (p   <   0.0001), with no differences between @entity1252 and @entity4932 . In addition, @entity4932 @entity1 show a significantly reduced @entity121 (MuscleCSA) compared to @entity1252 and controls (p   <   0.001). Conversely, fat area (FatCSA) is significantly increased both in @entity4932 and @entity1252 @entity1 when compared to controls (p   <   0.001), with no differences between the @entity1252 and @entity4932 groups. Analogous results are observed in the polar resistance to stress (SSIp). On longitudinal evaluation, contrary to CrtBMD, the difference between BMAD SDS, TrbBMD, MuscleCSA and FatCSA remains unchanged; in @entity1252 @entity1 , SSIp is stable in comparison to @entity4932 and controls without any difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of bone density and structure parameters in @entity1252 @entity1 highlights significant differences compared with @entity4932 @entity1 and controls. These data might indicate a different pathogenesis of @entity79 in the two entities, and suggest a different diagnostic and therapeutic approach to improve the peak bone mass.

title: Comparison of bone mass and quality determinants in adolescents and young adults with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and XXXX ( @entity4932 ).

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus', 'JSLE']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone damage']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle area']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: In this study, the authors evaluated exposure to airborne @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in workers exposed to exhaust gas from cars, and they assessed the efficiency of urinary @entity9434 as an indicator of exposure to @entity9435 and @entity2556 . The authors selected 2 groups of police who worked in 2 areas in the city of Florence: 1 group was highly exposed to high-density traffic emissions during the winter and summer of 1997, and the 2nd group experienced low exposure to traffic emissions during the same period. Ambient monitoring was achieved with personal sampling of airborne @entity2556 during each workshift. Eight @entity9436 were used as indicators of pollution caused by @entity2556 (e.g., @entity9435 , @entity3014 , @entity9437 , @entity9438 ). Biological monitoring was performed through dosing of @entity9434 ( @entity9435 metabolite) in urine samples taken at the end of each workshift. The ambient monitoring revealed that @entity2556 concentrations were influenced by both season of sampling and varying intensities of traffic in the different areas. The median concentration of @entity3014 in winter was twice as high in the high-density traffic area as in the low-density traffic area (i.e., 4.1 ng/m3 versus 1.8 ng/m3). In summer, the high-density traffic area experienced @entity3014 concentrations that were 6 times higher than in the low-density traffic area (i.e., 1.2 ng/m3 versus 0.2 ng/m3). @entity3014 was also correlated highly (r(s) = .92, p < .0001) with the mixture of total @entity2556 analyzed, thus confirming its function as a good indicator of exposure to @entity2556 in an urban environment. Levels of urinary @entity9434 appeared to be generally influenced by the intensity of traffic, especially during the winter (i.e., median value in winter was 199.2 ng/gm @entity1011 in the high-density traffic area and 120.5 ng/gm @entity1011 in the low-density traffic area). An analysis of the general data revealed that @entity9434 was, to some degree, related to @entity9435 , @entity3014 , and airborne total @entity2556 , whereas analysis of separate data for the area and the season revealed an emergence of a closer correlation during the winter in the high-traffic area. Therefore, @entity9434 can be considered a good biological indicator of exposure to airborne @entity2556 in the urban environment, especially in winter and in high-density traffic areas.

title: Assessment of exposure to XXXX in police in Florence, Italy, through personal air sampling and biological monitoring of the urinary metabolite @entity9434 .

entities_list: @entity9434 :: ('MESH:C033146', 'Chemical') :: ['1-hydroxypyrene', '1 -hydroxypyrene']

entities_list: @entity9438 :: ('MESH:C026486', 'Chemical') :: ['dibenzo[a,h]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene', 'benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity9437 :: ('MESH:C030935', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individual signs and symptoms are of limited value for the diagnosis of @entity683 . OBJECTIVE: To develop a decision tree for the diagnosis of @entity683 based on a classification and regression tree (CART) analysis. METHODS: Data from two previous similar cohort studies were assembled into a single dataset. The data were randomly divided into a development set (70%) and a validation set (30%). We used CART analysis to develop three models that maximize the number of @entity1 who do not require diagnostic testing prior to treatment decisions. The validation set was used to evaluate overfitting of the model to the training set. RESULTS: Model 1 has seven terminal nodes based on temperature, the onset of symptoms and the presence of chills, cough and @entity925 . Model 2 was a simpler tree with only two splits based on temperature and the presence of chills. Model 3 was developed with temperature as a dichotomous variable (>= 38  C) and had only two splits based on the presence of @entity221 and @entity925 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCC) for the development and validation sets, respectively, were 0.82 and 0.80 for Model 1, 0.75 and 0.76 for Model 2 and 0.76 and 0.77 for Model 3. Model 2 classified 67% of @entity1 in the validation group into a high- or low-risk group compared with only 38% for Model 1 and 54% for Model 3. CONCLUSIONS: A simple decision tree (Model 2) classified two-thirds of @entity1 as low or high risk and had an AUROCC of 0.76. After further validation in an independent population, this CART model could support clinical decision making regarding @entity683 , with low-risk @entity1 requiring no further evaluation for @entity683 and high-risk @entity1 being candidates for empiric symptomatic or drug therapy.

title: The use of classification and regression trees to predict the likelihood of seasonal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in India have increased pre-hospital delay and low rates of thrombolytic reperfusion. Use of ECG could reduce pre-hospital delay among @entity1 who first present to a general practitioner (GP). We assessed whether performing ECG on @entity1 with acute @entity662 would improve long-term outcomes and be cost-effective. METHODS: We created a Markov model of urban Indian @entity1 presenting to a GP with acute @entity662 to compare a GP's performing an ECG versus not performing one. Variables describing the accuracy of a GP's referral decision in @entity662 and @entity1187 , @entity1187 treatment patterns, the effectiveness of thrombolytic reperfusion, and costs were derived from Indian data where available and other developed world studies. The model was used to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention in 2007 US dollars per quality adjusted life years (QALY) gained. RESULTS: Under baseline assumptions, the ECG strategy cost an additional  12.65 per QALY gained compared to no ECG. Sensitivity analyses around the cost of the ECG, cost of thrombolytic, and referral accuracy of the GP yielded ICERs for the ECG strategy ranging between cost-saving and  1124/QALY. All results indicated the intervention is cost-effective under current World Health Organization recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: While direct presentation to the hospital with acute @entity662 is preferable, in urban Indian @entity1 presenting first to a GP, an ECG performed by the GP is a cost-effective strategy to reduce disability and mortality. This strategy should be clinically studied and considered until improved emergency transport services are available.

title: Pre-hospital ECG for XXXX in urban India: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Several studies describing the ultrastructure and extracellular matrix (ECM) of @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) involve animal models and specimens obtained from symptomatic individuals during surgery for @entity179 or @entity1635 , which may not necessarily correlate to changes secondary to normal aging in @entity1 . These changes may also be segment-specific based on different load patterns throughout life. Our objective was to describe the ECM and collagen profile of cervical @entity1798 in young (G1 - <35 years) and elderly (G2 - >65 years) presumably-asymptomatic individuals. Thirty cervical discs per group were obtained during autopsies of presumably-asymptomatic individuals. @entity1798 were analyzed with MRI, a morphological grading scale, light microscopy, @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for collagen types I, II, III, IV, V, VI, IX and X. Macroscopic degenerative features such as loss of annulus-nucleus distinction and fissures were found in both groups and significantly more severe in G2 as expected. MRI could not detect all morphological changes when compared even with simple morphological inspection. The loose fibrocartilaginous G1 matrix was replaced by a denser ECM in G2 with predominantly cartilaginous characteristics, chondrocyte clusters and absent elastic fibers. @entity4653 demonstrated persistence of an identifiable nucleus and Sharpey-type insertion of cervical annulus fibers even in highly-degenerated G2 specimens. All collagen types were detected in every disc sector except for collagen X, with the largest area stained by collagens II and IV. Collagen detection was significantly decreased in G2: although significant intradiscal differences were rare, changes may occur faster or earlier in the posterior annulus. These results demonstrate an extensive modification of the ECM with maintenance of basic ultrastructural features despite severe @entity528 . Collagen analysis supports there is not a "pathologic" collagen type and changes are generally similar throughout the disc. Understanding the collagen and ultrastructural substrate of degenerative changes in the @entity1 disc is an essential step in planning restorative therapies.

title: Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of the Cervical Discs of Young and Elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral discs', 'IVDs']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: A review of 227 cases of invasive @entity189 was undertaken to determine the efficacy of procedures using in the staging of this disease. All @entity1 had a pretreatment chest radiography and intravenous pyelogram. 96.5% had pretreatment cystoscopy, 98.6% had pretreatment proctoscopy, and 92% had a pretreatment barium enema. These @entity1 were retrospectively staged on the findings of physical examination only. Each additional procedure was then evaluated by comparison with the initial staging. Cystoscopy and chest film findings each would have changed the clinical stage in fewer than 1% of cases, barium enema in 1.4%, and proctoscopy in 2.2%. No @entity1 had a positive barium enema without a positive proctoscopy, while two @entity1 had positive proctoscopies with negative barium enemas. The overall yield of positive findings by pretreatment intravenous pyelography was 7.3%. Lymphangiography, although inconsistently done, yielded positive findings in all stages. Chest radiographs, intravenous pyelography, proctoscopy, and lymphangiography are recommended as part of the pretreatment workup of @entity1 with @entity189 . Routine barium enema is no longer recommended, and cystoscopy is only recommended in @entity1 with clinical stage IIB disease or greater.

title: An evaluation of procedures used in staging XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3041 ( @entity3041 ) or calycial dilatation is the most common prenatal urologic abnormality. The aim of this study was to identify the possible changes in demographic and clinical manifestations of @entity3041 in previously and recently diagnosed @entity1 . METHODS: 193 @entity1 with @entity3041 admitted to Ali-asghar @entity1 's Hospital in two different periods (group 1; 1997-2003, and group 2; 2005-2011) were evaluated in this cross-sectional study. Variables such as time at diagnosis, gender, clinical manifestations, etiology, laterality, grade, and associated anomalies were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 32.3   42.6 (group 1) and 21.4   36.4 (group 2), respectively. 69.8% of @entity1 were males. 75% of prenatally diagnosed @entity1 were asymptomatic. @entity293 was the most common symptom, followed by @entity158 , @entity811 , and @entity177 . Obstruction in ureteropelvic junction was the most common etiology, accounting for 39.6% of all @entity1 . @entity1494 , @entity3025 , @entity1790 , and @entity4145 were the other common etiologies. 55.5% of all @entity1 had unilateral @entity3041 , which was more common on the left side. No significant difference documented between two groups of @entity1 , except for mild @entity3041 (23.7% vs. 39%), which was more common in newly diagnosed @entity1 (p= 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was no changing trend in demographic and clinical manifestations of @entity3041 . However, the severity of @entity3041 has been decreased significantly in recently diagnosed @entity1 .

title: Changing trends in characteristics of infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['Hydronephrosis', 'HN', 'infantile HN']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decreased renal function']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureterovesical junction obstruction']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Assess efficacy and @entity137 of @entity4562 , an @entity470 ( @entity470 ) inhibitor, added to, and in maintenance after, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in locally advanced @entity135 (LA-HNC) and correlate outcomes with @entity470 gene copy number alterations. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage III to IV LA-HNC received two cycles of @entity3003 / @entity1311 induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by split-course CCRT with @entity1487 , @entity1862 , twice daily radiotherapy ( @entity10238 ), and @entity4562 (250 mg daily) followed by continued @entity4562 for 2 years total. The primary end point was complete response (CR) rate after CCRT. @entity470 gene copy number was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity1 (66 with stage IV disease, 37 with oropharynx primary @entity5 , and 67 with performance status 0 to 1) were enrolled with a median age of 55 years. Predominant grade 3 or 4 @entity137 during IC and CCRT were @entity1398 (n = 20) and in-field @entity33 (n = 59) and @entity1909 (n = 23), respectively. CR rate after CCRT was 90%. After median follow-up of 3.5 years, 4-year overall, progression-free, and disease-specific survival rates were 74%, 72%, and 89%, respectively. To date, one @entity1 has developed a second @entity5 in the aerodigestive tract. In 31 @entity1 with available tissue, high @entity470 gene copy number was associated with worse overall survival (P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity4562 can be administered with @entity10238 and as maintenance therapy for at least 2 years, demonstrating CR and survival rates that compare favorably with prior experience. High @entity470 gene copy number may be associated with poor outcome in @entity1 with LA-HNC treated with this regimen.

title: @entity470 inhibitor XXXX added to chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gefitinib', 'gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: Homologous recombination (HR) is the major DNA double strand break repair pathway which maintains the genomic integrity. It is fundamental for the survivability and functionality of all organisms. One of the initial steps in HR is the formation of the nucleoprotein filament composed by a single stranded DNA chain surrounded by the recombinases protein. The filament orchestrates the search for an undamaged homologue, as a template for the repair process. Our theoretical study was aimed at elucidating the selectivity of the interaction between a monomer of the recombinases enzyme in the @entity526 , EcRecA, the bacterial homologue of @entity1 @entity6545 , with a series of oligonucleotides of nine bases length. The complex, equilibrated for 20 ns with Langevian dynamics, was inserted in a periodic box with a 8    buffer of water molecules explicitly described by the TIP3P model. The absolute binding free energies are calculated in an implicit solvent using the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and the generalized Born (GB) solvent accessible surface area, using the MM-PB(GB)SA model. The solute entropic contribution is also calculated by normal mode analysis. The results underline how a significant contribution of the binding free energy is due to the interaction with the @entity534 196, a critical @entity535 for the activity of the enzyme. The study revealed how the binding affinity of EcRecA is significantly higher toward dT    rather than dA   , as expected from the experimental results.

title: Binding selectivity of XXXX to a single stranded DNA, a computational approach.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity6545 :: (5888,Gene) :: ['RecA']


abstract: Despite improvements in the pre- and postoperative management of @entity1 with post-infarction @entity1757 , the results after surgery have been variable. This is in part due to advanced @entity1 age, @entity301 . In addition, resection of the infarcted @entity67 results in significant compromise in left ventricular function. Since January of 1993, we have used a new technique for the reconstruction of the left ventricle using a single pericardial patch. In this method, which was introduced by Komeda and David in 1990, a single patch is sutured to the interventricular septum and the lateral ventricular wall, excluding the infarcted muscle from the left ventricular cavity. This method was used in the treatment of four @entity1 . There was no bleeding along the suture lines at operation, all of the @entity1 survived. Postoperatively, all four were functional New York Heart Association Class 1. One @entity1 underwent re-operation on the 12th day using the same technique because of a residual shunt. Another two @entity1 had small residual shunts, which spontaneously resolved in 2 to 7 months. Left ventricular function evaluated 1 month after the operation utilizing cardiac catheterization revealed a mean @entity64 volume index of 40 (range: 32-45 ml/m2, and a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 71 (range: 70-73%). An excellent functional outcome has thus been achieved with the reconstruction of post-infarction @entity1757 using a single pericardial patch.

title: [Surgical repair of post-infarction XXXX --reconstruction with pericardial patch].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['multi-vessel coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septum']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity158 is the main cause of @entity1 distress/dissatisfaction after strabismus surgery. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sub-Tenon's block with @entity1342 at the end of strabismus surgery on post-operative @entity158 . METHODS: A prospective trial was conducted in 79 @entity1 (age 1.0-65 years) scheduled for outpatient primary strabismus surgery with fixed sutures under general anesthesia (GA) at a major tertiary hospital. Half the @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive sub-Tenon's block with @entity1342 0.2% at conclusion of the operation. Primary outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) scores at arrival to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), at discharge 3 hr later, 12-16 hr post-operatively, and 24 hr post-operatively. @entity1337 requirements and @entity1 satisfaction were recorded as well. Data were presented as median (range). Mann-Whitney test, Pearson chi(2)-test or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis; p <or= 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There were no between-group differences in median VAS scores at arrival to the PACU and at discharge, with a borderline difference at 24 hr post-operatively (p = 0.06). At 12-16 hr post-operatively, the median score was 0.0 (range 0-5) in the study group and 4.0 (range 0-6) in the controls (p < 0.001). The lower VAS score in the study group was associated with a lower rate of supplemental analgesia use (21.9% versus 57.9%, p = 0.001), fewer doses of supplemental analgesia (10 doses versus 35, p = 0.03), and higher @entity1 satisfaction (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sub-Tenon's block with @entity1342 0.2% at the completion of outpatient primary strabismus surgery with fixed sutures under GA reduces @entity158 12-16 hr post-operatively and analgesia requirements 4-23 hr post-operatively.

title: Sub-Tenon's XXXX block for @entity158 relief after primary strabismus surgery.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional imaging remains the first-line test for @entity3883 despite high miss rates for @entity5 . Improvements in resolution and slice thickness of spiral computed tomography   magnetic resonance imaging   magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography promised to increase accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the post-test probability of @entity5 is truly altered by the presence or absence of a mass on computed tomography   magnetic resonance imaging in @entity3883 . METHODS: The institutional endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) database was retrospectively reviewed to stratify @entity1 presenting to EUS over a two-year period for @entity3883 (suspicious for @entity5 ) according to their pre-EUS imaging results. The primary analysis involved the calculation of the positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) of imaging with 95% binomial CIs. Test performance of EUS   fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was also calculated. Final diagnosis was determined by positive cytology   histology; negative EUS was supplemented by clinical follow-up. RESULTS: The positive predictive value (n = 51) and NPV (n = 53) of pre-EUS imaging was 98% (95% CI 90% to 100%) and 9% (95% CI 3% to 21%), respectively (accuracy 53%), with post-test suspicion of @entity5 similar between imaging-positive and -negative groups. EUS demonstrated a mass in 96% of imaging-positive cases versus 85% in imaging-negative cases (exact P = 0.09). Malignant or suspicious FNA cytology was obtained with EUS in 92% of the imaging-positive group, and 62% of the imaging-negative group (75% of subgroup with FNA) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Lack of a definite mass on pre-EUS imaging had low NPV, and was clearly not sufficiently accurate or reassuring in this clinical setting. In @entity3883 , EUS with FNA has a high diagnostic yield regardless of the findings of pre-EUS cross-sectional imaging and, as such, EUS may be a more reasonable first-line test in this high-suspicion setting.

title: Poor 'real-life' negative predictive value of cross-sectional imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatobiliary tumours', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['suspicious obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['obstructive jaundice']


abstract: We present two acromegalic @entity1 in which clinical and molecular data are discussed in regard to their ability to predict long term octreotide LAR therapy response. CASE REPORTS: @entity1 1: female, 36 years old at diagnosis. Basal GH and @entity442 at diagnosis were 133 ng/mL and 181% above the upper limit of reference values (ULRV), respectively. Growth hormone during acute test with subcutaneous octreotide decreased from 133 to 13 ng/mL. @entity1 started on primary octreotide LAR therapy (20mg q28 days) and achieved biochemical parameters of disease control after 6 months. Molecular analysis of @entity5 fragments: gsp +; quantitative analysis of SSTR ( @entity1943 receptor) and DR ( @entity935 receptor) mRNA - @entity7931 23954; @entity7932 2407; DR2 total 17016 copies. @entity1 2: male, 38 years old at diagnosis. Basal GH and @entity442 at diagnosis were 120 ng/mL and 114% ULRV, respectively. @entity1 underwent non-curative trans-sphenoidal surgery. Post-operative GH and @entity442 were 112 ng/mL and 137% ULRV, respectively. Growth hormone during acute test with subcutaneous octreotide decreased from 112 to 7 ng/mL. Octreotide LAR therapy (20 mg q28 days) was then initiated. After 6 months of treatment, @entity1 did not attain biochemical control of disease and displayed increased @entity5 volume. Molecular analysis of @entity5 fragments: gsp not done; quantitative analysis of SSTR and DR mRNA - @entity7931 416; @entity7932 3767; DR2 total 3439 copies. In conclusion, these two cases illustrate how laboratory data can be conflicting as predictors of octreotide LAR responsiveness and how molecular analysis of @entity5 fragments can help explain different behaviors in clinically similar @entity1 .

title: XXXX receptors subtypes 2 and 5, @entity935 receptor type 2 expression and gsp status as predictors of octreotide LAR responsiveness in acromegaly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: Amnestic mild @entity73 can be further classified as single-domain aMCI (SD-aMCI) with isolated @entity2414 , or @entity9689 ( @entity9689 ) if @entity2414 is combined with impairment in other cognitive domains. Prior studies reported these clinical subtypes presumably differ in etiology. Thus, we aimed to explore the possible mechanisms between different aMCI subtypes by assessing alteration in brain activity and brain vasculature, and their relations with CSF AD biomarkers. 49 healthy controls, 32 SD-aMCI, and 32 @entity9689 , who had undergone structural scans, resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) scans and neuropsychological evaluations, were identified. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was employed to analyze regional synchronization. Periventricular @entity62 (PWMH) and deep WMH (DWMH) volume of each @entity1 was quantitatively assessed. AD biomarkers from CSF were also measured. SD-aMCI showed decreased ReHo in medial temporal gyrus (MTG), and increased ReHo in lingual gyrus (LG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) relative to controls. @entity9689 showed decreased ReHo, mostly located in precuneus (PCu), LG and postcentral gyrus (PCG), relative to SD-aMCI and controls. As for @entity66 , @entity9689 @entity1 had more PWMH burden than SD-aMCI and controls. Correlation analyses indicated mean ReHo in differenced regions were related with memory, language, and executive function in aMCI @entity1 . However, no significant associations between PWMH and behavioral data were found. The Ab level was related with the ReHo value of STG in SD-aMCI. @entity9689 displayed different patterns of abnormal regional synchronization and more severe PWMH burden compared with SD-aMCI. Therefore aMCI is not a uniform disease entity, and @entity9689 group may show more complicated pathologies than SD-aMCI group.

title: Alteration of regional homogeneity and XXXX in amnestic mild @entity73 subtypes are related to cognition and CSF biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity9689 :: ('MESH:C564969', 'Disease') :: ['MD-aMCI', 'multi-domain aMCI']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter hyperintensities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3085 augments @entity5 -related mortality and has devastating effects on quality of life. Pre-clinical studies indicate that systemic @entity32 -induced loss of muscle oxidative phenotype (OXPHEN) stimulates @entity5 -induced @entity2057 . The aim of the current proof of concept study is to validate the presence of muscle OXPHEN loss in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity2 , especially in those with @entity3085 . METHODS: Quadriceps muscle biopsies of comprehensively phenotyped pre-cachectic (n   =   10) and cachectic (n   =   16) @entity1 with @entity1149 prior to treatment were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n   =   22). OXPHEN was determined by assessing muscle fibre type distribution (immunohistochemistry), enzyme activity (spectrophotometry), and protein expression levels of mitochondrial complexes (western blot) as well as transcript levels of (regulatory) oxidative genes (quantitative real-time PCR). Additionally, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (immunohistochemistry) and systemic @entity32 (multiplex analysis) were assessed. RESULTS: Muscle fibre cross-sectional area was smaller, and plasma levels of interleukin 6 were significantly higher in cachectic @entity1 compared with non-cachectic @entity1 and healthy controls. No differences in muscle fibre type distribution or oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activities were observed between the groups. Mitochondrial protein expression and gene expression levels of their regulators were also not different. CONCLUSION: Muscle OXPHEN is preserved in newly diagnosed @entity1149 and therefore not a primary trigger of @entity3085 in these @entity1 .

title: Preserved muscle oxidative metabolic phenotype in newly diagnosed @entity1149 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['cachexia', 'Cachexia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity3085 :: (MESH:D002100,Disease) :: ['cachexia']


abstract: @entity1 treated for @entity263 from 1975-1982 were reviewed to assess if pre-irradiation transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) predisposed to the formation of post treatment @entity3832 or @entity1494 . A total of 368 @entity1 were treated with external beam irradiation delivered by a linear accelerator or 125I interstitial implants. Of the 253 @entity1 treated by external beam, 138 @entity1 had a history of at least one TURP before treatment. Implants were performed in 115 @entity1 and 57 had a history of TURP before treatment. A total of 40 @entity1 from both groups developed post treatment complications of @entity3832 or @entity1494 . Three @entity1 developed both complications. An analysis of the 40 @entity1 revealed that 29 (72.5%) @entity1 had a TURP performed within a median time of 33 days prior to their initiation of radiation therapy. Of 195 @entity1 in the prior TURP group, 29 (15%) developed one or both complications. Only 11 (6%) of the 173 @entity1 in the non-TURP group developed one or both complications. This comparison was statistically significant with a p value of .025. Various factors analyzed including the treatment regimen, histologic grade, stage of disease, and volume of prostatic tissue removed at surgery did not show any positive correlation. Multiple TURP's were evaluated for greater distribution to the incidence of post treatment complications. The prior TURP group of 195 @entity1 contained 60 with a history of at least two TURPs before radiation therapy. Eleven (18.3%) developed one or both complications. Of the 135 @entity1 in the single TURP group, 18 (13.3%) developed complications. This was not statistically significant. Therefore, we concluded that the initial TURP was its mechanical description of mucosa and resultant scarring is a predisposing risk for development of @entity3832 or @entity1494 . Review of the literature concerning time sequence for healing of the urethra shows 4-6 weeks to be appropriate interval between surgery and radiation.

title: The effect of prior transurethral resection of the prostate on post radiation @entity3832 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contractures']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder neck contractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to determine the indications for and value of liver resection for @entity3 from @entity14 . METHODS: From 1978 through 1991, 66 @entity1 were operated on for liver @entity3 from @entity14 . All @entity1 had had a curative resection of their @entity14 . Forty resections of the liver were major anatomic resections. RESULTS: Five @entity1 died in the postoperative period. All resections were intended to be curative, but in 16 of the @entity1 the resection became noncurative. None of these @entity1 lived more than two years after liver resection. Fifty @entity1 with a curative resection had a three-year survival rate of 36 percent, postoperative death included. Recurrence in the liver was observed in 30 @entity1 (60 percent) from 3 to 33 (median, 11) months after the liver resection. Four @entity1 had repeated resections performed. Two of them are alive without recurrences 34 and 60 months after the first liver resection, respectively. The difference in survival between curative and noncurative liver resection was highly significant (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sex, age, Dukes stage of primary @entity14 , synchronous or metachronous appearance of @entity3 , or number of @entity3 could not predict long-term prognosis. The only factors of predictive value were @entity5 size less than 4 cm in diameter, a free resection margin, and no extrahepatic @entity5 . If it is possible to do a curative resection, there should be few contraindications against liver surgery as it is the only treatment that can demonstrate long-term survival for approximately one-third of the @entity1 , and it is the only possibility of a cure.

title: Resection of liver @entity3 from XXXX . Indications and results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: An appropriate balance between proinflammatory (Th17 and @entity1198 ) and anti-inflammatory (regulatory T cells [Tregs] and Th2) subsets of T cells is critical to maintain homeostasis and avoid @entity32 . @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) is a chronic @entity32 promoted by changes in immune cell function. Recent work indicates T cells are important mediators of @entity32 in a @entity19 model of @entity2175 . These studies identified an elevation in the Th17 and @entity1198 subsets with a decrease in the Treg subset, which culminates in @entity32 and insulin resistance. Based on these data, we tested the hypothesis that T cells in @entity2175 @entity1 are skewed toward proinflammatory subsets. Our data show that blood from @entity2175 @entity1 has increased circulating Th17 cells and elevated activation of Th17 signature genes. Importantly, T cells required culture with monocytes to maintain Th17 signatures, and fresh ex vivo T cells from @entity2175 @entity1 appeared to be poised for @entity4155 production. T cells from @entity2175 @entity1 also have increased production of @entity379 , but produce healthy levels of @entity3646 . In contrast, @entity2175 @entity1 had decreased percentages of @entity404 (+) Tregs. These data indicate that T cells in @entity2175 @entity1 are naturally skewed toward proinflammatory subsets that likely promote @entity32 in @entity2175 through elevated cytokine production. Potential therapies targeted toward resetting this balance need to be approached with caution due to the reciprocal relationship between Th17 cells and Tregs. Understanding the unique aspects of @entity2175 T cells is essential to predict outcomes of such treatments.

title: Elevated proinflammatory cytokine production by a skewed T cell compartment requires monocytes and promotes XXXX in type 2 diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity9933 / @entity1146 remains essentially unresolved. Previous models of this disease entity have been restricted to rodents and the @entity1573 . We sought to establish the principles of a large, surgical animal model of this spectrum of fetal anomalies. METHODS: Fetal @entity742 (n = 8) underwent open surgery at 90-112 days gestation. Their cervical tracheas were encircled by a biocompatible @entity736 wrap, so as to extrinsically restrict their external diameter by 25%. Survivors (n = 7) were killed at different time points post-operatively before term. The manipulated tracheal segments were compared with their respective proximal portions (controls). Analyses included morphometry, histology and quantitative extracellular matrix measurements. RESULTS: At necropsy, the typical gross appearance of @entity6184 / @entity1146 was present in all manipulated tracheal segments. Histological findings included the virtual disappearance of the membranous portion of the @entity825 , along with infolding, fragmentation, and/or posterior fusion of cartilaginous rings, often with disappearance of the airway mucosa. There were significant decreases in diameter (P < 0.001) and total collagen levels (P = 0.005) on the manipulated @entity825 compared with the control portions. No significant differences were observed in overall @entity19218 or glycosaminoglycan contents. A significant time-dependent increase in @entity19218 was noted on the control, but not the experimental side. CONCLUSIONS: In a surgical ovine model, controlled extrinsic compression of the fetal @entity825 leads to morphological and biochemical findings compatible with the @entity9933 / @entity1146 spectrum. This simple and easily reproducible prenatal model can be instrumental in the development of emerging therapies for these @entity154 .

title: A large animal model of the fetal @entity6184 / XXXX spectrum.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: In a randomized trial, a multifaceted intervention tripled rates of @entity170 treatment in older @entity1 with wrist @entity174 . An economic analysis of the trial now demonstrates that the intervention tested "dominates" usual care: over a lifetime horizon, it reduces @entity174 , increases quality-adjusted life years, and saves the healthcare system money. INTRODUCTION: In a randomized trial (N = 272), we reported a multifaceted quality improvement intervention directed at older @entity1 and their physicians could triple rates of @entity170 treatment within 6 months of a wrist @entity174 when compared with usual care (22% vs 7%). Alongside the trial, we conducted an economic evaluation. METHODS: Using 1-year outcome data from our trial and micro-costing time-motion studies, we constructed a Markov decision-analytic model to determine cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with usual care over the @entity1 ' remaining lifetime. We took the perspective of third-party healthcare payers. In the base case, costs and benefits were discounted at 3% and expressed in 2006 Canadian dollars. One-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 60 years, 77% were @entity1 , and 72% had low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The intervention cost  12 per @entity1 . Compared with usual care, the intervention strategy was dominant: for every 100 @entity1 receiving the intervention, three @entity174 (one @entity173 ) would be prevented, 1.1 quality-adjusted life year gained, and  26,800 saved by the healthcare system over their remaining lifetime. The intervention dominated usual care across numerous one-way sensitivity analyses: with respect to cost, the most influential parameter was drug price; in terms of effectiveness, the most influential parameter was rate of @entity79 testing. The intervention was cost saving in 80% of probabilistic model simulations. CONCLUSIONS: For outpatients with wrist @entity174 , our multifaceted @entity170 intervention was cost-effective. Healthcare systems implementing similar interventions should expect to save money, reduce @entity174 , and gain quality-adjusted life expectancy.

title: Cost-effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention to improve quality of @entity170 care after wrist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity6 are the major cause of morbidity. Infection is the common sequel of @entity4760 that leads to delayed wound @entity446 . These infections are difficult to control. If not addressed well in time, they may lead to amputation of foot. An attempt has been made to develop simple and effective treatment modality by using @entity1792 as a sole antimicrobial agent to control @entity6 not responding to conventional treatment. Hundred and fifteen cases of @entity4760 of different Wagner grades infected with a variety of bacteria were investigated for culture and susceptibility, and susceptibility to @entity1792 . @entity1792 gel was applied to ulcer to determine its efficacy in the management of @entity4760 with different Wagner grades. @entity1792 gel was found effective in the control of @entity281 ; especially in Wagner grades I and II, the success rate was found to be more than 94%. In Wagner grade III also, it was found effective in complete @entity446 of @entity1066 without deep @entity4034 . @entity1792 treatment is effective in the control of @entity6 and in successful management of @entity4760 with Wagner grades I and II, and even with Wagner grade III, without deep @entity4034 .

title: A simple and effective approach for the treatment of XXXX with different Wagner grades.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot infections', 'Diabetic foot infections']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid', 'Citric acid']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['foot infections']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers', 'diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']


abstract: Molecular and traditional epidemiology studies have indicated a possible relationship between in utero environmental exposures and increased risk for childhood @entity5 , especially @entity3052 . @entity2008 have been associated with environmental exposures and @entity5 risk in adults. In order to more clearly define the association between prenatal exposures to carcinogenic @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and @entity2008 , chromosomal aberration frequencies were measured in a subset of 60 newborns from the Columbia Center for @entity1 's Environmental Health (CCCEH) Prospective Cohort Study. The subset was composed of African American and Dominican, nonsmoking mother-newborn pairs residing in @entity258 of New York City, who were exposed to varying levels of airborne @entity2556 . Prenatal exposure was assessed by questionnaire, personal air monitoring during the third trimester, and @entity2556 -DNA adducts in umbilical cord blood. @entity2008 were measured in cord blood lymphocytes by fluorescence in situ hybridization. @entity2556 -DNA adducts were not associated with @entity2008 . However, airborne @entity2556 were significantly associated with stable aberration frequencies in cord blood (P < 0.01). Moreover, stable aberration frequencies were significantly higher among African American newborns compared with Dominican, despite no significant differences in @entity2556 exposure. These results show for the first time an association between prenatal exposure to airborne carcinogenic @entity2556 and @entity2008 in cord blood, suggesting that such prenatal exposures have the potential to cause cytogenetic damage that has been related to increased @entity5 risk in other populations. If confirmed, this finding may open new avenues for prevention.

title: @entity2008 in cord blood are associated with prenatal exposure to carcinogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal aberrations', 'chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income neighborhoods']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: To identify the factors responsible for @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) associated @entity1087 in the neonate, 77 newborns who had been started on @entity3147 during the past 12 years had their charts reviewed. Forty-four (57%) of these @entity1 developed @entity1087 during the 1st month of life. The incidence of @entity1087 was significantly higher in the presence of those diseases which were associated with impaired intestinal passage such as @entity15960 , @entity8593 , etc, and those with an abnormal rotation of the gut such as @entity2914 , @entity6675 , etc. Thirty-two (42%) of these 77 @entity1 had accompanying @entity166 signs, and 28 (88%) of those 32 @entity1 with @entity166 signs developed @entity1087 . This incidence was significantly higher than that (36%) among those who had no @entity166 signs. Of the possible etiologic factors other than infection, neither the length of intrauterine life nor birth weight showed significant correlation with the incidence of @entity1087 . The incidence of @entity1087 tended to be higher in @entity1 started on @entity3147 at a younger age. There was no significant correlation between the incidence of @entity1087 and the duration of @entity3147 or fasting period. @entity1 receiving 110 cal/kg/day or more during @entity3147 developed @entity1087 significantly more frequently than those receiving fewer calories. No definite correlation was obtained between the incidence of @entity1087 and the amount of @entity1522 administered.

title: Hyperbilirubinemia in neonates associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['total parenteral nutrition', 'TPN']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal atresia']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['congenital duodenal atresia']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['total parenteral nutrition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogeneous immature cells and natural inhibitors of adaptive immunity. In this study, the MDSC population was evaluated in adult @entity1 with primary @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ), where cell-mediated immune mechanisms are involved in @entity1423 . Our data demonstrated that both the numbers and suppressive functions of MDSCs were @entity1503 and spleens of @entity3039 @entity1 compared with healthy controls. High dose- @entity619 ( @entity2033 - @entity3784 ) treatment rescued MDSC numbers in @entity3039 @entity1 . And @entity3784 modulation promoted the suppressive function of MDSCs induced in vitro. Moreover, the expression of @entity1618 and @entity641 was significantly up-regulated in @entity3784 -modulated MDSCs compared with the unmodulated cultures. @entity3784 -modulated MDSCs inhibited autologous CD4(+) T cell proliferation and significantly attenuated CTL-mediated platelet lysis, further indicating enhanced control over T cell responses. Elevated expression of the transcription factor @entity10138 was identified in @entity3784 -modulated MDSCs. Transfection of @entity10138 siRNA efficiently blocked regulatory effects of MDSCs, which almost offset the augmentation of MDSC function by @entity3784 . Meanwhile splenocytes from @entity10139 knockout @entity19 immunized with @entity10139 (+) platelets were transferred into @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 recipients (C57/B6 background) to induce a @entity19 model of severe @entity3039 . We passively transferred the @entity3784 -modulated MDSCs induced from bone marrow of wild-type C57/B6 @entity19 into the @entity466 @entity19 recipients, which significantly increased platelet counts in vivo compared with those receiving splenocyte engraftment alone. These findings suggested that impaired MDSCs are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity3039 , and that @entity2033 - @entity3784 corrected MDSC functions via a mechanism underlying glucocorticoid action and @entity10138 .

title: High-dose @entity619 corrects impaired myeloid-derived suppressor cell function via XXXX in @entity3039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in the peripheral blood']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity10138 :: (23871(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ets1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to compare the comprehension gained by standard consent (SC) vs a unique interactive multimedia presentation ( @entity15129 ), for radical prostatectomy (RP), as informed consent for RP requires that the @entity1 understands the procedure and potential complications. @entity1 AND METHODS: forty @entity1 undergoing RP were prospectively randomized to SC or @entity15129 , followed by a 26-question test on critical aspects of the surgery and its implications. The groups were crossed over and re-tested, with a subsequent statistical analysis. SC involved typical verbal interaction and consultation with physicians and nurses, whilst the @entity15129 provided consistent and animated information on these topics, and included multiple-choice questions probing understanding of key points. Progression through the @entity15129 only occurred with correct responses; incorrect responses prompted a review of the information before repeating the question. Telephone interviews assessed usability, overall understanding, educational level and primary language. RESULTS: the @entity1 groups had similar demographics. The @entity15129 group (78%) had significantly higher knowledge test scores (P < 0.001) than the SC group (57%), suggesting a better understanding of the implications of surgery. This was maintained on crossover, with the SC group scores improving by 11% compared to testing before @entity15129 (P < 0.001). The initial @entity15129 group scores were unchanged on crossover and repeat testing (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity15129 provides better @entity1 understanding than SC for RP, by ensuring that the procedure and risks have been explained consistently, and by actively testing the @entity1 . Such tools assist in obtaining ethical and legally informed consent, thus increasing @entity1 knowledge whilst reducing @entity1 @entity148 and potential dissatisfaction or medico-legal consequences when less than ideal outcomes occur.

title: Improving informed consent for XXXX undergoing radical prostatectomy using multimedia techniques: a prospective randomized crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1244 in @entity1 may sometimes present non-specific signs and symptoms. The imaging techniques used for its diagnosis are computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the standard radiography being used less and less. Ultrasonography is seldom mentioned in literature as a diagnosis method of @entity1244 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of ultrasonography compared with the standard X-ray in the diagnosis of @entity1180 in @entity1 . METHOD: The study was prospectively conducted. The study group included 76 @entity1 who had an ultrasound of the maxillary sinuses. The including criteria were represented by uncontrolled or partially controlled asthma, symptomatology suggesting rhinosinusitis and age over 4. @entity1 with radiological anomalies of the maxillary sinuses were excluded from the study as well as the @entity1 who were not examined through X-ray and the ultrasonography on the same day. The ultrasound was performed with a pediatric convex transducer with the @entity1 in a sitting position. The ultrasonographic exam evaluated the presence of fluid collection and mucosal thickening within the maxillary sinuses. Signs evaluated by X-ray exam were: total opacity of the maxillary sinus, air-fluid level and mucosal thickening. The Wilcoxon matched-pairs tests was used in order correlate the results obtained through ultrasonography and radiograph. It was considered statistic significant p<0.05. Using the ROC curve the sensitivity and the specificity of the ultrasound compared with the standard radiograph were determined. RESULTS: Based on the excluding criteria a number of 67 @entity1 (35 male) were selected from the study group. The @entity1 's mean age+/-standard deviation was 9 years 2 months+/-3 years 9 months. 134 maxillary sinuses were analyzed ultrasonographically and radiologically. There was a diagnosis agreement between the two techniques in 112 out of 134 sinuses (83.5%). Compared to the standard X-ray, ultrasonography had a 94.9 % sensitivity and a 98.4 % specificity. The error of the ultrasound exam compared to the standard X-ray evaluated in a divided interpretation was low for the normal aspect (1.58%) and for the fluid collection (5.12%), but the error for the thickening of the mucosa was high, over 50% (59.37%). IN CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography may come to represent, on a larger scale, an accessible imaging alternative to the more invasive investigations used in the present in evaluating fluid collections in the maxillary sinus in pediatrics.

title: The role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of XXXX in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'Sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1180 :: ('MESH:D015523', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinusitis']

answer: @entity1180 :: (MESH:D015523,Disease) :: ['maxillary sinusitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: (1) To determine the safety of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) antibody cetuximab with concurrent @entity136 and abdominal radiation in the treatment of @entity1 with locally advanced @entity420 . (2) To evaluate the feasibility of @entity788 cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) molecular profiling as a potential predictor of response to anti- @entity470 treatment. METHODS: @entity1 with non-metastatic, locally advanced @entity788 were treated in this dose escalation study with @entity136 (0-300 mg/m(2)/week) given concurrently with cetuximab (400 mg/m(2) loading dose, 250 mg/m(2) weekly maintenance dose) and abdominal irradiation (50.4 Gy). Expression of @entity5962 and @entity2277 was assessed by immunohistochemistry in diagnostic endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) specimens. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 were enrolled in 4 treatment cohorts with escalating doses of @entity136 . Incidence of grade 1-2 adverse events was 96%, and incidence of 3-4 adverse events was 9%. There were no treatment-related mortalities. Two @entity1 who exhibited favorable treatment response underwent surgical exploration and were intraoperatively confirmed to have unresectable @entity5 . Median overall survival was 10.5 months. @entity788 cell expression of @entity5962 and @entity2277 was successfully determined in EUS-FNA specimens from 4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Cetuximab can be safely administered with abdominal radiation and concurrent @entity136 (up to 300 mg/m(2)/week) in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity420 . This combined therapy modality exhibited limited activity. Diagnostic EUS-FNA specimens could be analyzed for molecular markers of EMT in a minority of @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: A phase I study evaluating the role of the anti- @entity470 ( @entity470 ) antibody cetuximab as a radiosensitizer with chemoradiation for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: Interactions of leukocytes with vascular wall cells figure prominently in acute rejection and development of @entity432 after cardiac transplantation. To investigate the time course and distribution among different types of vessels of expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules, issues difficult to address in @entity1 , we studied heterotopic transplants of Dutch-Belted @entity95 hearts into New Zealand white recipients without immunosuppression (average time to graft failure 8.2 +/- 0.4 days). We found constitutive expression of @entity12048 ( @entity12048 ) and @entity12049 ( @entity12049 ) by coronary arterial endothelium in normal @entity95 , whereas @entity296 and the endocardial lining cells showed little or no expression of @entity12048 . @entity12048 expression increased within 1 day after transplantation on the endothelium of the transplanted aorta and endocardium and on myocardial microvascular endothelial cells. @entity12049 expression increased remarkably on all endothelia studied from 2 to 8 days after transplantation. Adhesion molecule expression on coronary artery endothelial cells also increased during severe allograft rejection (from a histological score of 1.7 +/- 0.6 pretransplant to 4.8 +/- 0.2 8 days after transplant for @entity12048 and from 0.9 +/- 0.6 to 4.4 +/- 0.3 for @entity12049 , n = 43 arteries in 5 animals, mean +/- SD). In addition, coronary artery and aortic smooth muscle cells also showed induction of @entity12048 and @entity12049 8 days after transplant. We conclude that endothelial activation in a transplanted organ can occur rapidly and varies among microvascular, endocardial, and coronary artery endothelial cells, a point germane to the interpretation of endomyocardial biopsies. Augmented expression of adhesion molecules precedes temporally leukocyte accumulation in vessels. In addition, our finding of activation of coronary artery smooth muscle cells during acute rejection suggests that such episodes may contribute to the development of accelerated @entity453 .

title: Endothelial and smooth muscle cells express leukocyte adhesion molecules heterogeneously during acute rejection of XXXX cardiac allografts.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial capillaries']

entities_list: @entity12049 :: ('100009455(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['intercellular adhesion molecule-1', 'ICAM-1']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity12048 :: ('100008901(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['vascular occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Advanced age is associated with a decreased leg blood flow and reduced physical activity. Endothelin ( @entity2232 ), a powerful vasoconstrictor, may play a role in the increased leg vascular tone in older @entity1 . objectives: to assess the @entity2232 -mediated vascular tone in the legs of healthy sedentary older @entity1 , both before and after 8 wk of exercise training. methods: in 8 younger subjects (19-50 yr) and 8 older @entity1 (67-76 yr), bilateral leg blood flow was measured using venous occlusion plethysmography before and after antagonizing @entity2232 (using selective ET(A/B)-receptor antagonists). In older @entity1 , reversibility of the observations was assessed after 8 wk of cycling. results: ET-receptor inhibition increased leg blood flow significantly more in older @entity1 compared with younger individuals (29 +/- 9% and 10 +/- 4%, respectively, P < 0.05). Eight-week cycling training increased baseline blood flow in older @entity1 . The blood flow response to ET-receptor inhibition in older @entity1 was not affected by the training program (25 +/- 8%, P > 0.05 for comparison with pretraining). The flow ratio (blood flows infused leg/noninfused leg) decreased significantly by training from 26 +/- 8% to 7+3% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: the increased baseline vascular tone in aging is at least in part mediated by the endothelin. Eight-weeks cycling training in older sedentary @entity1 decreased leg vascular tone and seems to partly decrease the @entity2232 -mediated vascular tone.

title: Enhanced XXXX -mediated leg vascular tone in healthy older subjects.

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['endothelin-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of aerobic and strength training on cardiac variables such as blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and metabolic parameters like @entity165 , high density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity1674 and anthropometric parameters of @entity28 @entity1 of Punjab. METHODS: This study was performed as an experimental study, in which subjects were randomly selected. There were thirty @entity28 @entity1 , aged between 35-45yrs with body mass index (BMI) of above 30. Subjects were grouped into control (n=10), aerobic training (n=10) and resistance training (n=10). Aerobic training was given for three days a week at 60-70% of maximum HR for 6 weeks. Resistance training (Delorme and Watkins Technique) was given for alternate days for 6 weeks. HR and blood pressure were measured before and after the exercise. Recovery HR was also measured. RESULTS: The findings of the study indicate statistically significant differences in recovery heart rate [Pre-exercise: 97.40   5.378 (mean  standard deviation (SD)), post-exercise: 90.70  4.599, t=8.066, P<0.001] and in post-diastolic blood pressure [Pre-exercise: 85  3.265, post-exercise: 86.20  2.820, P<0.001] in aerobic training and in systolic blood pressure [Pre- and post-exercise] in both training groups (P<0.001). Significant differences were observed in very low-density lipoprotein [pre-exercise: 28.10  1.415, post-exercise: 26.86  0.760, t=5.378] and HDL [pre-exercise: 45.40  3.533, post-exercise: 53.60  3.134, t=6.318] levels in aerobic training group with P<0.001. BMI and body fat percentage showed significant improvements in both training groups. CONCLUSION: Aerobic training is more beneficial and can be used as a preventive measure in @entity1 who are at risk of developing @entity65 due to @entity28 .

title: The effects of aerobic versus resistance training on @entity65 in XXXX sedentary females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 ( @entity731 ) is less prevalent and less severe in African-Americans (AA), relative to European Americans (EA). Because @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) is associated with @entity731 in the neighboring coronary arteries, we explored ethnic-specific relationships between @entity1386 and @entity731 . METHODS: @entity1386 volume and coronary and @entity731 were measured in 561 EA and 575 AA subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 using single and multidetector computed tomography. Generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation and the sandwich estimator of the variance were used to test for associations between @entity1386 and @entity731 . RESULTS: Mean (sd) ages of AA and EA @entity1 were 56.7 (9.5) and 62.0 (8.9) yr, respectively; @entity6 duration was 10.5 (8.1) and 10.1 (7.3) yr; and @entity1386 volume was 86.9 (38.6) and 131.7 (55.3) cm3/45 mm. In AA and EA @entity1 , respectively, mean (sd) coronary @entity731 mass scores were 803 (1,889) and 1,465 (2,847) mg @entity460 ; and @entity731 , 5,407 (10,651) and 10,090 (15,087) mg @entity460 . Adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, blood pressure, height, smoking, lipid-lowering medications, @entity1851 , @entity633 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , and @entity1674 , parameter estimates for the relationship between @entity1386 and log(coronary @entity731 +1) were 0.012 in AA (P<0.0001) and 0.003 (P=0.24) in EA, with a significant ethnic difference (P=0.019). No significant relationships or ethnic differences were observed between @entity1386 and @entity731 (P=0.24, fully adjusted model). CONCLUSIONS: Pericardial adiposity is strongly associated with @entity453 in AA with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Novel @entity65 risk factors such as @entity1386 may contribute to ethnic disparities in susceptibility to development of @entity453 .

title: Ethnic differences in the relationship between XXXX and coronary artery calcified plaque: African-American- @entity6 heart study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic CP', 'Calcified atherosclerotic plaque', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['PAT', 'pericardial adipose tissue']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1386 :: (MESH:D018205,Disease) :: ['pericardial adipose tissue']


abstract: Since 1958 all intranasal surgery at Krupp Hospital (including 2,986 operations in 1984) have been performed with the Zeiss operating @entity3178 . Anesthesia with @entity551 is important to improve the results. To facilitate focusing, a balanced movable position of the @entity3178 directed by head motions of the surgeon and a semi-Fowler's position for the @entity1 have proven best. Large fenestrations above and below the lower turbinates permit maxillary sinus surgery under direct binocular vision with the aid of mirrors or endoscopes. For the last 12 years the Caldwell-Luc approach was used in less than 2% of operations. All ethmoidal, lacrimal sac, and @entity1415 surgery is performed intranasally. In 1984 frontal sinus surgery was performed in 59 cases with an intranasal and in 11 cases with an osteoplastic procedure. For a larger defect of the ethmoidal roof in severe @entity130 , conically trimmed rib cartilage is wedged into the defect from above. Having performed more than 4,000 ethmoidal operations we have @entity4498 experienced an @entity4499 , or persisting postoperative @entity227 . In order to achieve the necessary skill, training on 50 cadavers is required.

title: Intranasal microsurgery of all paranasal sinuses, the septum, and the lacrimal sac with XXXX anesthesia. 25 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic CSF leakage']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual or ocular disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: We have noted that prairie @entity235 given @entity3398 develop @entity294 and lose weight yet survive for periods of up to 4 weeks. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that @entity3398 causes @entity2718 cecitis in prairie @entity235 . Six prairie @entity235 were given a single intramuscular dose of 100 mg of @entity3398 per kg of body weight, and six control animals received saline; both groups were sacrificed 1 week later. Controls had no @entity294 and lost 2% of their body weight, whereas @entity3398 -treated animals had @entity294 (P less than 0.001) and lost 16% of their body weight (P less than 0.001); one animals died 6 days after @entity3398 challenge. None of the controls yielded @entity2718 or had cecal cytotoxin or @entity8307 detected. Cecal contents from all @entity3398 -treated animals, however, yielded @entity2718 (P less than 0.01) and had cecal cytotoxin present (P less than 0.01). Four of five surviving animals also had cecal @entity8307 present (P less than 0.01). These results demonstrate that in prairie @entity235 @entity3398 induces @entity2718 cecitis. We conclude that the prairie @entity235 is another model for the study of antibiotic-induced @entity294 . The disease in prairie @entity235 may have a more chronic course than in other animal models of @entity2718 -induced @entity294 and may be useful as a model for studying certain aspects of @entity2718 -induced @entity294 .

title: Prairie @entity235 model for antimicrobial agent-induced @entity2718 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranes']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']