abstract: The @entity21086 polymorphism of the @entity6864 ( @entity6864 ) gene is associated with @entity2175 and @entity1720 . It is possible that the oxidative shift from lipid to @entity413 as a fuel is more efficient in Ala allele carriers. To test this hypothesis, we examined @entity1735 and lipid oxidation by indirect calorimetry in lean, @entity413 tolerant subjects with (X/Ala, n = 25) and without the @entity21086 polymorphism (Pro/Pro, n = 73) basally and after insulin stimulation during a 2-hour eugylcaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity was non-significantly greater in X/Ala (0.13 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg/min/pM) than in Pro/Pro (0.12 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg/min/pM, p = 0.27). Basally, there were no lipid nor @entity1735 oxidation differences between the groups. Interestingly, the decrease in lipid oxidation during insulin stimulation was significantly greater in male X/Ala (- 0.51 +/- 0.06 mg/kg/min) than in male Pro/Pro (- 0.35 +/- 0.04 mg/kg/min, p = 0.03). No difference was observed in females. Analogously, the change in @entity1735 oxidation in male X/Ala (1.34 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/min) was significantly greater than in male Pro/Pro (1.03 +/- 0.12 mg/kg/min, p = 0.05). The respiratory quotient increased more, but not significantly more, in male X/Ala (0.11 +/- 0.01) than in male Pro/Pro subjects (0.08 +/- 0.01, p = 0.08) but similarly in females. These results indicate that the mechanism by which the Ala allele improves insulin sensitivity might involve enhanced suppression of lipid oxidation permitting more efficient (predominantly non-oxidative) @entity413 disposal. It is unclear why this could be demonstrated only in males, although gender differences in substrate oxidation are well documented.

title: Evidence for greater oxidative substrate flexibility in male carriers of the XXXX polymorphism in @entity6864 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['reduced type 2 diabetes risk']

entities_list: @entity21086 :: ('p|SUB|P|12|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro12Ala']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6864 :: ('5468', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2', 'PPARgamma2']

answer: @entity21086 :: (p|SUB|P|12|A,ProteinMutation) :: ['Pro 12 Ala']


abstract: We evaluated the interaction between electroacupuncture (EA)-induced antinociception and an endogenous anti-analgesic system. EA was applied to the ST-36 acupoint for 45 min in male @entity35 , and @entity158 thresholds were assessed by the hind-paw pressure test. EA produced a marked increase in @entity158 thresholds and its antinociceptive action was completely reversed by @entity1510 (5 mg/kg). The analgesic effects of subcutaneous @entity1286 (7 mg/kg) following EA stimulation were significantly attenuated. The attenuation of @entity1286 @entity1337 was inversely proportional to the time intervals between EA termination and @entity1286 injection, and the effect was not observed 120 min after EA stimulation. The analgesic effects of i.t. @entity1286 (10 microg), but not i.c.v. @entity1286 (25 microg), following EA were also attenuated. On the other hand, systemic @entity1286 (7 mg/kg)-induced @entity221 was not affected by EA. Moreover, i.c.v. @entity1286 , but not i.t. @entity1286 , produced @entity221 . The i.c.v. @entity1286 -induced @entity221 was not affected by EA, similar to i.c.v. @entity1286 @entity1337 . These results suggest that the attenuation of @entity1286 @entity1337 following EA, that is, the activation of an endogenous anti-analgesic system, is closely related to the activation of an analgesic system by EA and that the spinal cord plays a critical role in the activation of the endogenous anti-analgesic systems.

title: Activation of spinal anti-analgesic system following electroacupuncture stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: 1. Treatment with @entity1862 (HU, 1 mg/g ip, 2 doses applied 7 h apart) eliminates the majority of cells undergoing mitosis (cycling cells) without affecting non-cycling cells. Oral tolerance, induced by a single gavage with 20 mg of @entity10328 , results in a drastic inhibition of anti-Ova antibody responses in young adult @entity19 . Oral tolerance is actively maintained by the presence of specific suppressor T cells which may adoptively transfer the tolerance to naive syngeneic recipients. Under the clonal selection hypothesis, the induction of oral tolerance should be blocked by HU treatment applied soon after oral exposure to the antigen by the elimination of specific clones of lymphocytes activated by tolerogenic presentation of the antigen. 2. However, treatment with HU initiated 3, 6 or 24 h after oral exposure to @entity10328 had no effect on the induction of oral tolerance in B6D2F1 @entity19 . However, treatment with HU 24 h before antigen exposure, totally blocked the induction of tolerance. Treatment with HU 72 h before @entity10328 had no effect. 3. In animals treated with HU 24 h before, the adoptive transfer of normal thymus, bone marrow or spleen cells partially restored the susceptibility to the induction of oral tolerance. 4. The results suggest that cycling cells, which may be totally regenerated within 72 h after treatment with HU, and are present in normal thymus, bone marrow and spleen, are crucially important for the induction of oral tolerance.

title: XXXX before oral antigen blocks the induction of oral tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyurea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we sought to investigate the oral microbiota structure of @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and explore the pre-operative oral bacterial composition related to the prognosis of alveolar bone grafting. In total, 28 @entity1 (19 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) with @entity3384 who were scheduled to undergo alveolar bone grafting for the first time were recruited. According to the clinical examination of operative sites at the third month after the operation, the individuals were divided into a non- @entity32 group (n = 15) and an @entity32 group (n = 13). In all, 56 unstimulated saliva samples were collected before and after the operation. The v3-v4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Based on the beta diversity of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the @entity32 and non- @entity32 samples, the microbial variation in the oral cavity differed significantly between the two groups before and after the operation (P < 0.05). Analysis of the relative abundances of pre-operative OTUs revealed 26 OTUs with a relative abundance higher than 0.01%, reflecting a significant difference of the relative abundance between groups (P < 0.05). According to a principal component analysis of the pre-operative samples, the @entity32 -related OTUs included Tannerella sp., Porphyromonas sp., Gemella sp., Moraxella sp., @entity3288 nigrescens, and @entity3288 , most of which were enriched in the @entity32 group and showed a significant positive correlation. A cross-validated random forest model based on the 26 different OTUs before the operation was able to fit the post-operative status of grafted sites and yielded a good classification result. The sensitivity and specificity of this classified model were 76.9% and 86.7%, respectively. These findings show that the oral microbiota profile before alveolar bone grafting may be related to the risk of post-operative @entity32 at grafted sites.

title: Investigating Oral Microbiome Profiles in XXXX with @entity3384 for Prognosis of Alveolar Bone Grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cleft lip and palate']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['Prevotella intermedia', 'Prevotella']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity3 (stage III and stage IVA) were treated with chemotherapy and then operation. All @entity5 were considered nonresectable after first staging, and @entity1 were treated with the following chemotherapy in 4-day courses, administered intravenously: @entity900 (50 mg/m2) and @entity632 (40 mg/m2) on day 1, @entity1891 (0.6 mg/m2) on day 3, and @entity786 (700 mg/m2) on day 4. The courses were repeated every 3 weeks, and toxic effects were well tolerated. Seven @entity1 (43%) had a complete remission, and nine @entity1 (57%) had a partial remission, with an overall complete remission plus partial remission rate of 100%. After chemotherapy all @entity1 underwent operation. We performed 12 sternotomies and four posterolateral thoracotomies. At operation 11 @entity1 had radical resection and five had partial resection. We administered radiotherapy in 11 @entity1 who had histologically demonstrated @entity5 after operation. In five @entity1 , the specimen showed only @entity82 ; these @entity1 received three cycles of chemotherapy but not radiotherapy. Median survival was 66 months with a 3-year survival of 70%. We believe that neoadjuvant chemotherapy with surgical intervention is justified for advanced @entity3 ; a longer follow-up and a larger number of @entity1 will determine the impact of this treatment on long-term survival.

title: Chemotherapy and operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive thymoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive thymoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study compared the efficacy of contrast-enhanced harmonic color Doppler (C- @entity2914 ) and tissue harmonic imaging (THI) for left @entity67 and explored the optimal methodology of C- @entity2914 in @entity1 with suboptimal echocardiograms. BACKGROUND: The value of C- @entity2914 in improving endocardium remains unknown. Effects of @entity3641 ( @entity3641 ) and harmonic power Doppler (HPD) as well as contrast administration and image acquisition modalities on left ventricular opacification (LVO) have not been established. METHODS: One hundred (50 @entity3641 , 50 HPD) @entity1 with suboptimal echocardiograms during conventional fundamental echocardiography were studied with THI and C- @entity2914 using Levovist. Each @entity1 underwent different random contrast administration and image acquisition modalities. Endocardial border definition score index (EBDI), blooming artifacts, contrast destruction, and salvage of suboptimal echocardiograms were calculated in each @entity1 after contrast enhancement. RESULTS: EBDI improved from 2.05 +/- 0.61 in THI to 2.73 +/- 0.48 in @entity3641 , and 1.98 +/- 0.73 in THI to 2.69 +/- 0.51 in HPD (both P < 0.001). The conversion of a nondiagnostic image from fundamental echocardiography to an optimal diagnostic image was 33 (33%) @entity1 in THI compared to 77 (77%) @entity1 in C- @entity2914 (P < 0.001). Blooming artifacts were seen more commonly in @entity3641 than HPD, intermittent than continuous image acquisition, and bolus than infusion administration (all P < 0.001). There was less contrast destruction in intermittent compared with continuous image acquisition (P < 0.001). Contrast destruction was similar in @entity3641 and HPD, bolus and infusion injection of contrast. The highest salvage rate of a nondiagnostic image from THI to an optimal diagnostic image was 45.5% and 42.4% in HPD mode, with intermittent image acquisition during bolus and infusion contrast administrations. CONCLUSIONS: C- @entity2914 seems more effective in demonstrating @entity8668 compared to THI. HPD has less blooming artifacts compared with @entity2914 . The optimal method for LVO was to use HPD with intermittent image acquisition during bolus or infusion administration of Levovist.

title: Contrast-enhanced harmonic color Doppler for left ventricular opacification: @entity8668 compared to tissue harmonic imaging and optimization of methodologyin XXXX with suboptimal echocardiograms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['improved endocardial border definition']

entities_list: @entity3641 :: ('MESH:D003117', 'Disease') :: ['harmonic velocity-encoded color Doppler', 'HVD']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular endocardial border delineation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tumor cell lines are generally killed by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. In this study, however, we report a LAK-resistant cell line, @entity19 T. The @entity19 T is an @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) cell line, and was compared to other @entity1619 cell lines and non- @entity1619 cell lines. The LAK cells were generated from healthy volunteers. Cell surface markers were determined by a flow cytometry test. The @entity1619 and non- @entity1619 cell lines were killed by the LAK cells, markedly or moderately. However, the OKM-2T was scarcely killed. The adhesion tendency of the @entity19 T to the LAK cells was preserved at the same level as that of the other cell lines, whereas the OKM-2T showed low levels of adhesion molecules CD58 (LFA-3), @entity11787 , and @entity6580 ( @entity6580 ). We determined blocking tests using specific antibodies. Anti-CD58 blocked the LAK lysis. Anti- @entity8024 and anti- @entity6580 enhanced the blocking effect of the anti-CD58; anti- @entity11787 did not show such an effect. These results suggest that the low expression of CD58 in the OKM-2T may have an intimate relationship with LAK resistance, and that the low expression of @entity6580 may also be responsible for it, in part.

title: A lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-resistant cell line, and low expression of adhesion molecules LFA-3 and XXXX on its cell surface.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['ATL', 'adult T-cell leukemia']

answer: @entity6580 :: (22329(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate effects of pre-ovulatory follicle size, plasma concentrations of @entity53 and @entity1420 , and season on pregnancy outcomes in dairy @entity291 . Holstein @entity291 (n = 144) were synchronized and inseminated (Ovsynch/TAI protocol) in two distinct periods (cold versus warm season). Blood samples were collected daily from AI (day 0) to day 8 and on days 15, 22, 29, 36 and 64 to measure @entity1420 and @entity53 . Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at days 29, 43 and 64. The pre-ovulatory follicle size was larger and the plasma @entity53 concentrations on the day of AI were greater in animals that became pregnant. Plasma @entity1420 concentrations diverged and became greater after day 5 post-AI, in @entity291 diagnosed pregnant, as compared to non-pregnant @entity291 . The overall pregnancy rate (33%) or late embryonic/early fetal losses (23%) did not differ between seasons, but plasma @entity53 concentrations on the day of AI and plasma concentrations of @entity1420 in pregnant @entity291 were lower in the warm season. Reduced CL function, measured as plasma @entity1420 concentrations, from days 22 or 29 post-AI onward for cold and warm season, respectively, was associated with subsequent late embryonic/early fetal mortality. Overall, pregnancy was related to diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle and plasma E2 on the day of AI, but embryonic/fetal losses were not. Season did not affect these outcomes, even though it influenced luteal function after AI.

title: Relationship of pre-ovulatory follicle size, XXXX concentrations and season to pregnancy outcome in dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: The aim was to study metabolic response and locomotion pattern in Standardbred trotters during incremental treadmill exercise performed by increasing speed by 1 m/s in 1 min steps (start 7 m/s) until the onset of @entity1295 . The test protocol included determination of @entity26 uptake, heart rate (HR), @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) and stride frequency (SF). Venous blood samples were collected at rest, at the end of each exercise step and after 30 min of recovery. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest and post exercise and muscle temperature was measured after exercise. As @entity1641 fatigued at different speed steps (9-11 m/s), variation was seen in running time (180-300 s), @entity26 uptake (109-170 ml/kg bwt min), HR (200-225 beats/min), @entity3656 (4.4-5.7 m) and SF (116-130 strides/min) at the last speed step. Increased mean plasma @entity880 concentration (20.5 mmol/l) was seen at onset of @entity1295 and increased mean @entity414 concentration after 30 min of recovery (112.8 mumol/l). After exercise, a decrease was seen in muscle @entity855 (7.1 mmol/kg d.w.), @entity1734 (43.9 mmol/kg d.w.) and glycogen (160 mmol/kg d.w.), and an increase was seen in @entity857 (0.3 mmol/kg d.w.), @entity860 (0.18 mmol/kg d.w.), IMP (5.8 mmol/kg d.w.) and @entity880 (100.8 mmol/kg d.w.). At onset of @entity1295 , muscle temperature varied from 39.9-41.4 degrees C. Running time correlated with @entity3656 (r = 0.86), with an increase in IMP (r = 0.79) and @entity860 (r = 0.70) post exercise and with plasma @entity414 concentration (r = 0.74) at 30 min of recovery. SF correlated negatively with the increase in @entity857 after exercise (r = 0.85). The results of this study indicate that running time during incremental treadmill exercise until the onset of @entity1295 is related to locomotion pattern and to a marked degree of anaerobic metabolism, especially @entity1708 degradation.

title: Incremental treadmill exercise until onset of XXXX and its relationship to metabolic response and locomotion pattern.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['stride length', 'SL']

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: The relationship between the type of @entity75 (bucket-handle, flap or degenerative tears) and preoperative knee function (5.1 +/- 6.2 days before arthroscopic meniscectomy) was studied in 35 @entity1 . @entity1 with bucket-handle tears (group B, n = 12) had large knee extension @entity2414 during @entity2472 at 30 degrees and 180 degrees/s (Kin-Com dynamometer). These @entity2414 were accompanied by proportional decreases in the prime mover or agonist-EMG levels (VM: vastus medialis and/or VL: vastus lateralis). These @entity1 had smaller deficits during flexion movements at 30 degrees/s. Moreover, a larger number of negative clinical signs and symptoms ( @entity158 at rest and during tests, locking, thigh atrophy, extension and flexion @entity717 larger than 10 degrees) were found with an equal or a higher prevalence in group B than in the other groups. @entity1 with flap tears (group F, n = 15) had deficits in work and agonist-EMG activity (VM and VL) only during the extension tests. In contrast, @entity1 with degenerative tears (group D, n = 8) had a work deficit and a concomitant decrease in the EMG level of the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ), only during the flexion test at 30 degrees/s. Comparable mean knee function scores, as measured by the Lysholm and Gillquist questionnaire [35], were obtained for the three groups of @entity1 , suggesting that this measure was not sensitive enough to discern functional differences related to types of @entity937 . The results of this study have demonstrated a link between the type of @entity75 and the consequent preoperative knee joint disability profile as defined by comparison with the sound leg. These results emphasize the need to consider @entity75 type and an individual's preoperative strength deficit when group comparisons of @entity1 are made or the effects of therapy (arthroscopic surgery and rehabilitation) are evaluated.

title: Effects of the type of XXXX on knee function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesion']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'medial gastrocnemius']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement deficits']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['work deficits']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['maximal voluntary contractions']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['meniscal lesion']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Eighty-two @entity1 with suspected @entity1580 were studied to assess the usefulness of transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of this entity. METHODS: All @entity1 underwent transesophageal echocardiogram. The diagnosis of @entity1580 was established in 46 @entity1 by other diagnostic procedures including angiography and computed tomography, surgery and necropsy. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of transesophageal echocardiography were 98% and 97%, respectively. By computed tomography, sensitivity was 92% and specificity 88%. By angiography, sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 93%, respectively. In the diagnosis of the dissection type, transesophageal echocardiography classified correctly in 98%, computed tomography in 89% and angiography 97% of cases. Transesophageal echocardiography visualized the tear in 82% of cases, and angiography in 53%. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography provides rapid, accurate diagnosis of @entity1580 and permits the initiation of appropriate treatment. Angiography is indicated in non-conclusive cases or those which supra-aortic involvement clinically suspected.

title: [Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The histologic criteria to classify @entity259 are controversial. Criteria used for diagnosis and treatment varies both within and between specialty groups. This discordance makes it difficult to compare disease and management practice. This is especially problematic in issues concerning reoperations and survival. To determine the degree of disparity, we surveyed 3 groups of specialists. METHODS: A questionnaire describing 10 histologic scenarios was sent to an equal number of thyroidologists, endocrine surgeons, and endocrine pathologists. Individuals were randomly selected from rosters of 3 corresponding societies. Each item asked for a rating of a diagnosis and treatment. Questionnaires were distributed and received by facsimile, and responses were kept confidential. The response rate was 60%. RESULTS: Responses were analyzed by nonparametric statistical tests. Two scenarios had significant disagreement among specialties in both diagnosis and treatment: one scenario involved the assessment of @entity5 with minimal capsular invasion; the other scenario involved H  rthle cell features. In both scenarios pathologists tended to be more conservative in assigning the term @entity189 and recommending total thyroidectomy. Significant disagreement within specialty groups was also noted. Two other scenarios dealt with the distinction between minimally and widely invasive @entity189 ; significantly, pathologists viewed @entity5 as less invasive. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that much disparity exists among specialists in pathology, endocrinology, and surgery and among experts in each of these disciplines. It highlights that there is no uniform classification. If multicenter trials to evaluate treatment options are to occur, a universal classification must be accepted.

title: Classification and treatment of XXXX are discordant between and within medical specialties.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['follicular thyroid neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) quantification estimates tissue elasticity by measuring shear-wave velocity (SWV) and has been applied to various organs. We evaluated the impact of variations in the transducer force applied to the skin on the SWV ultrasound measurements in kidney transplant cortex and ARFI's ability to detect @entity82 in kidney transplants. METHODS: SWV measurements were performed in the cortex of 31 @entity1 with kidney allografts referred for surveillance biopsies. A mechanical device held the transducer and applied forces were equal to a compression weight of 22, 275, 490, 975, 2,040 and 2,990  g. RESULTS: SWV group means were significantly different by repeat measures ANOVA [F(2.85,85.91)   =   84.75, P   <   0.0005 for 22, 275, 490, 975 and 2,040  g compression weight] and also by pairwise comparisons. Biopsy specimens were sufficient for histological evaluation in 29 of 31 @entity1 . Twelve had grade 0, 11 grade 1, five grade 2 and one grade 3 @entity82 . One-way ANOVA showed no difference in SWV performed with any of the applied transducer forces between grafts with various degrees of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: SWV measurements in kidney transplants are dependent on the applied transducer force and do not differ in grafts with different grades of @entity82 . KEY POINTS:     Acoustic radiation force impulses (ARFI) can quantify tissue elasticity during ultrasound examinations.     Elasticity estimated by ARFI in kidney transplants depends on applied transducer force.     ARFI quantification cannot detect renal allograft @entity82 .     ARFI elasticity estimates may in general vary with applied transducer force.

title: Tissue elasticity estimated by acoustic radiation force impulse quantification depends on the applied transducer force: an experimental study in kidney transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A total of 1070 cases of @entity565 , aged from 3 to 70 years, were analyzed for their @entity56 to the four most common aeroallergens, @entity7130 , German cockroaches, @entity5449 and @entity5132 . The severity of @entity56 was classified as mild, moderate and severe based on the concentration of allergen specific IgE in the sera. Results showed that there were 77.9% @entity1 allergic to @entity7130 , 40.0% to G. cockroaches, 9.6% to @entity5449 and 10.4% to @entity5132 . The incidence and severity varied with age. For @entity7130 , the highest incidence was 96.8% with the age between 11 and 20 years. Seventy percent of them were severe @entity56 . For @entity5449 , the highest incidence was 18.9% with the age above 61 years. None of them were severe @entity56 and 11.9% of them were moderate @entity56 . For @entity5132 , the highest incidence was 27.3% with the age between 51 and 60 years. All of them were mild @entity56 . For G. cockroaches, the highest incidence was 55.4% with the age between 21 and 30 years. 76.8% of them were mild @entity56 and 23.2% were moderate @entity56 . We concluded that different age of @entity748 @entity1 affected by different aeroallergens. @entity7130 was the most potent aeroallergen. Most @entity748 @entity1 sensitized by mite were severe, particularly those @entity1 with the age below 20 years of age.

title: [Different age of @entity748 XXXX affected by different aeroallergens].

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus', 'D. pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity5449 :: ('5076', 'Species') :: ['Penicillium notatum', 'P. notatum']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The physiological importance of interactions between @entity11502 and sympathetic neurotransmission was studied in an in vivo model with constant flow blood perfused gracilis muscle in situ in @entity235 pretreated with @entity5829 and @entity3897 . Sympathetic nerve stimulation-(2 and 8 Hz, 480 pulses) evoked over-flow of endogenous @entity1063 and vasoconstriction, and vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous @entity1063 (0.5 nmol, locally i.a.) were evaluated. @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibition by @entity2813 (10 mg i.v.; n = 8) reduced arterial @entity11502 levels from 26 +/- 8 to 2 +/- 1 pM and reduced mean arterial and basal muscle perfusion pressures. Subsequent resubstitution of @entity11502 (3, 30 and 90 ng kg-1 min-1 i.v.) elevated arterial @entity11502 dose-dependently (to 67 +/- 14, 622 +/- 63 and 1940 +/- 251 pM, respectively), as well as mean arterial and muscle perfusion pressures. Nerve stimulation-evoked @entity1063 overflow was unchanged following benazeprilat (-4 +/- 4 and +1 +/- 8% at 2 and 8 Hz, respectively) and during subsequent infusions of @entity11502 . Vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and exogenous @entity1063 were also uninfluenced by these treatments. Thus, @entity11502 did not enhance sympathetic neurotransmission at the postjunctional level. Another group of animals was pretreated with noncompetitive alpha-adrenoceptor blockade locally by @entity5333 and @entity17273 (0.5 mg kg-1 i.a. of each; n = 7), which abolished vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation. The effects of benazeprilat and subsequent @entity11502 infusions (3 and 30 ng kg-1 min-1 i.v.) on circulating @entity11502 levels, mean arterial and muscle perfusion pressures were similar in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of the renin- XXXX system on sympathetic neurotransmission in @entity235 skeletal muscle in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity17273 :: ('MESH:C029998', 'Chemical') :: ['benextramine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2813 :: ('MESH:C052133', 'Chemical') :: ['benazeprilat']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin II']

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 show an inherent genetic instability that can be classified as @entity124 ( @entity124 ) or @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ). To elucidate the differences in biological characteristics of @entity150 between the two types of genetic instability, the expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, @entity875 and @entity876 proteins, the number of centrosomes, numerical aberrations of chromosomes and 20q13, and DNA ploidy were examined in 100 @entity1 @entity189 of the bladder. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Expressions of the @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity875 , and @entity876 proteins and the numbers of centrosomes were immunohistochemically assessed. Numerical aberrations of chromosomes 7, 9, 17, and 20q13 spots were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and DNA ploidy was assessed by laser scanning cytometry. RESULTS: The expression levels of the MMR related-proteins decreased in 9 of 100 @entity5 . @entity5 with low @entity6756 or @entity4311 expression (designated as @entity5 ) were not linked with centrosome amplification, @entity875 overexpression, increased @entity876 immunoreactivity, 20q13 gain, DNA aneuploidy, and disease progression. @entity5 showed a favorable prognosis. @entity5 (49 cases), defined as @entity5 with a large intercellular variation in centromere copy numbers, were associated more frequently with centrosome amplification, @entity875 overexpression, increased @entity876 immunoreactivity, and 20q13 gain than the others (51 cases). @entity5 with disease progression were included in the @entity5 group. CONCLUSIONS: The present observations suggest that there are differences in the biological characteristics of the two types of genetic instability.

title: Biological characteristics in XXXX depend on the type of genetic instability.

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CIN cancer', 'Tumors', 'MSI cancers', 'CIN cancers', 'Malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal instability', 'CIN']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: Fifty-year-old @entity1 (n = 519) attending a health examination were divided by their ovarian hormone status into four groups: premenopausal, perimenopausal, postmenopausal without ovarian @entity34 ( @entity34 ), and postmenopausal with @entity34 . Information on lifestyle factors was obtained with interviews and questionnaires. Bone mineral density at the calcaneus was assessed with single-photon absorptiometry, and several serum and urine markers of bone metabolism were measured. Postmenopausal @entity1 without @entity34 had significantly higher levels of fasting serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, total and ionized @entity460 , @entity4613 , and fasting urinary @entity720 than those in the three other study groups. No difference was found in bone mineral density between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. Postmenopausal @entity1 without @entity34 showed a marked correlation between serum osteocalcin and urine @entity720 . Both markers showed significant correlations with serum @entity460 , @entity4613 , and alkaline phosphatase. Multivariate analyses showed a statistically significant association of ovarian hormone status and body mass index with most measured markers of bone metabolism. The association between @entity285 consumption and serum osteocalcin was highly significant. Cigarette smoking was associated with levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and total and ionized @entity460 . A weak association was found between coffee drinking and serum alkaline phosphatase.

title: Ovarian hormone status, life-style factors, and markers of bone metabolism in XXXX aged 50 years.

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5967 is known to be the major cause of @entity281 and also causes complications during pregnancy. METHODS: One hundred and six strains of @entity5967 recovered from clinical specimens of newborns (n = 18) and pregnant @entity1 (n = 88) were submitted to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and investigation of genetic determinants of @entity7646 resistance, capsular type, and virulence factors. Genetic diversity was evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. RESULTS: Strains were susceptible to @entity2756 , @entity800 , @entity3397 , and @entity2176 and resistant to @entity803 (85.8%) and @entity2929 (4.7%). @entity2929 -resistant strains presented iMLSB phenotype, harbored the ermA gene, and were closely related by PFGE. Both bac and bca genes were found in low frequencies. PFGE analysis yielded 11 DNA restriction profiles among 35 selected isolates. The major clonal group, designated as A, was composed predominantly of strains belonging to capsular type Ia. Clonal group B was composed predominantly of strains with capsular type V, including all @entity2929 -resistant isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Although low levels of @entity2929 resistance have been observed, this is a fact of concern because this phenotype also confers resistance to @entity3402 , an alternative agent for intrapartum prophylaxis. Despite the diversity of capsular types, Ia and V were among the most common and were significantly associated with distinct clonal groups. In a few cases, different capsular types were clustered into a single clonal group, which may be related to capsular switching.

title: Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic diversity of @entity5967 recovered from newborns and pregnant XXXX in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study compares the effect of topical @entity3522 with that of @entity5935 against postoperative increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) after @entity231 surgery in normal @entity1 , and also investigated the risk factors for postoperative increase of IOP in each group. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 without @entity262 who have bilateral and symmetrical @entity231 underwent uncomplicated @entity231 surgery in both eyes (100 eyes in total). Postoperatively, topical @entity3522 was applied 4 times daily to one eye, and topical @entity5935 to the other eye in each @entity1 . IOP and best corrected logMAR visual acuity (BCVA) in each eye were measured up to 8 weeks. Total surgery time and effective phacoemulsification time (EPT) for each case was recorded. RESULTS: BCVA in both @entity3522 - and @entity5935 -treated eyes significantly improved after the @entity231 surgery; however, no statistical difference in VA was noted between the @entity3522 - and @entity5935 -treated eyes throughout the observation period. IOP in the @entity3522 -treated eyes decreased with time, in contrast to the IOP in the @entity5935 -treated eyes, which showed a slight increase. At 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, there was significant difference between these two eye groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that postoperative increase in IOP at 8 weeks in the @entity5935 -treated eyes was closely correlated with total surgery time and EPT, but the IOP in the @entity3522 -treated eyes showed no correlation with any surgical or clinical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative increase in IOP after @entity231 surgery was affected by total surgery time and EPT in the @entity5935 -treated eye. The time for surgery and EPT is longer in complicated cases including @entity1 with a hard nucleus or small pupils, and also longer for beginning surgeons and in older @entity1 . In these cases, @entity3522 in place of @entity5935 as a postoperative topical antiinflammatory drug is recommended for the prevention of postoperative increase in IOP.

title: XXXX prevents temporal increase of intraocular pressure after uneventful @entity231 surgery with longer operation time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['Diclofenac']


abstract: Objective    Gonioscopy provides limited quantitative information to compare the iridocorneal anatomy across different species. In addition, the anatomic relationships by histologic examination are altered during processing. As a result, the comparative anatomy of the iridocorneal angle across several @entity1 species was evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Methods    @entity468 , @entity235 , minipigs, owl monkeys, @entity5434 , and @entity2608 (n = 6 or 7 per species) were evaluated. Imaging was performed using the OCT. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), and the angle recess area (ARA) were evaluated. Results    AC angle: cat (63    6  ) > owl monkey (54    4  ) > @entity235 (42    4  ) > minipig (40    3  ) > @entity2608 (36    1  ) > @entity5434 (34    2  ). AOD: cat (3.3    0.5 mm) > owl monkey (2.05    0.2 mm) > @entity235 (1.08    0.1 mm) > @entity2608 (0.92    0.06 mm) > minipig (0.64    0.04 mm) > @entity5434 (0.43    0.03 mm). ARA: cat (3.5    0.1 mm(2) ) > owl monkey (1.41    0.2 mm(2) ) > @entity235 (0.88    0.1 mm(2) ) > @entity2608 (0.62    0.06 mm(2) ) > minipig (0.21    0.05 mm(2) ) > @entity5434 (0.15    0.01 mm(2) ). Conclusions    This study benchmarks the normative iridocorneal angle measurements across different @entity1 species by OCT. These data can be useful to compare iridocorneal angle measurements in disease states as OCT evolves as a common diagnostic tool in veterinary ophthalmic research and practice.

title: Iridocorneal angle measurements in XXXX species: normative data by optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dog', 'beagle dogs', 'dog']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys', 'cynomolgus monkey']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: @entity1426 (AA) is the precursor molecule of a variety of cellular lipid mediators that interact with retinal physiology. In this study, we investigated the time- and illuminance-dependence of the release of AA in the @entity35 retina in vitro in control and @entity1091 -pretreated @entity35 . We also studied the effects of the specific phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor @entity3543 and the specific PLA2 stimulator @entity3348 on the release of AA. Isolated @entity35 retinas were labelled with 3H-AA for 90 min in vitro in darkness and the incorporation of AA into retinal phospholipids was monitored by thin-layer chromatography. The release of 3H-AA in the incubation medium was determined under different illuminance and timing conditions, with the addition of @entity3543 and @entity3348 , and after pretreatment of the animals with @entity1091 . Light exposure of the prelabelled isolated retinas evoked up to a two-fold increase in AA release compared with retinas incubated for the same time in darkness. The AA release was dependent on illuminance time (10,000 1x white fluorescent light for 0.25, 2, 5 and 10 min) and illuminance level (0, 100, 1000, 5000, and 10,000 1x for 10 min). Complete rhodopsin bleaching occurred after 2 min at 10,000 1x. @entity3543 significantly suppressed the light-elicited AA release whereas @entity3348 increased the release of AA in dark-adapted and light-exposed retinas. @entity1091 pretreatment, which is known to potentiate light-evoked rod outer segment disruptions, significantly augmented the light-evoked AA release. Our results confirm a light-stimulated release of AA in the retina.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Light-evoked @entity1426 release in the retina: illuminance/duration dependence and the effects of @entity3543 , @entity3348 and XXXX . Light-evoked @entity1426 release.

entities_list: @entity3348 :: ('MESH:D008555', 'Chemical') :: ['mellitin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['Arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine', 'Quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: To evaluate physical and mental workload in middle-aged workers, urinary excretion of @entity2661 and @entity701 and self-reported scores of fatigue, stress and arousal in middle-aged steel workers were compared with those in young steel workers. @entity1063 excretion in daytime of the day-off was higher in middle-aged workers than that in young workers. In the work days, @entity1063 excretion during working hours increased in both age groups when compared with that in the day-off. The work-related increase in @entity1063 excretion was more evident in the middle-aged group than in the young group. @entity644 was greater in the middle-aged group than that in the young group, whereas the adrenaline value in the day-off was almost the same in the two age-groups. Age-difference was hardly observed in @entity935 and @entity701 excretion. These findings suggest that the workload in middle-aged workers was greater than that in young workers. However, self-reported scores of fatigue and stress in middle-aged workers were less than those in young workers, suggesting inconsistency between subjective score of workload and urinary levels of @entity2661 . These age-related differences in urinary levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 were not so obvious in workers engaged in automated and mechanized work (vigilance task) when compared to workers engaged in less automated and less mechanized work. It is considered that factory automation might reduce the workload in middle-aged workers.

title: [Evaluation of workload in middle-aged steel workers by measuring urinary excretion of XXXX and @entity701 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenaline excretion during working hours']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in @entity703 @entity1 with intermediate risk PADUA score. METHODS: From April 2005 to June 2011, 79 cases (48 males and 31 females) of intermediate risk PADUA score (range from 8 to 9 score) @entity1358 were retrospectively analyzed. Mean age was (54    9) years, mean @entity5 size was (2.8    0.8) cm in diameter, with 37 cases on the left side and 42 cases on the right side. @entity5 located anteriorly in 35 cases, and 44 cases were located posteriorly. Preoperative imaging examinations showed @entity5 invasion of the collecting system was dislocated or infiltrated by @entity5 invasion were in 13 cases, renal sinus were involved in 5 cases, @entity5 located near the renal hilum were in 10 cases. All of the 79 @entity1 received retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. RESULTS: The 79 cases were operated successfully without conversion to open surgery, no severe perioperative complications. The mean operation time was (105    24) minutes, and the median of operation time was 115 minutes (range from 80 - 180 minutes), and mean @entity63 ( @entity63 ) was (20    5) minutes, and mean @entity190 was (24    8) ml; mean postoperative hospital stay was (5.2    1.5) days. Postoperative urinary leakage in 3 cases, symptoms disappeared one week after indwelling catheterization and ureteral catheter. Serum creatinine transient increased in 7 cases after surgery, and fell to normal range within 6 weeks. In a mean follow up for (34    12) months (range from 10 to 84 months), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 6 months after operation was no statistical significance compared with preoperation in 77 cases, another 2 @entity1 ' eGFR decreased by 30% and 35%. Postoperative renal function remained in CKD3 period and CKD2 period were in 2 cases respectively, none of these cases were treated with hemodialysis, and the remaining @entity1 with normal renal function after surgery, no @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 during follow-up in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in @entity703 @entity1 with intermediate risk PADUA score is safe and effective, but its long-term effects still need to study with large samples compare and long-term follow-up.

title: [Application of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in XXXX @entity1 with intermediate risk PADUA score].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['WIT', 'warm ischemia time']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 23-year-old @entity1 . She was the product of a full-term pregnancy and normal delivery. At age 3, she was observed to have @entity203 on the face and extremities. Gait disturbance and abnormal posture appeared when she was 17-year-old. @entity1032 followed several years later, and these symptoms progressed gradually. On examination at age 23, mixture of hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules were observed on the face and the dorsal aspects of the extremities. We diagnosed her @entity272 as @entity46586 ( @entity46586 ) based on dermatological findings, normal minimal erythema dose and normal unscheduled DNA synthesis of her skin fibroblasts. Neurologically, she showed moderate @entity1032 , @entity3520 , and generalized @entity427 . Laboratory examinations, including parathyroid function, were normal. Brain CT scan revealed severe symmetrical @entity730 in the @entity21 , cerebral white matter, and dentate nucleus. She also showed @entity3894 of @entity5251 and @entity886 . Her father also revealed the same clinical features including @entity272 , @entity717 , @entity1032 , and severe @entity7874 . So we diagnosed this @entity1 as @entity729 associated with @entity46586 , @entity3894 of @entity5251 , and @entity886 . Constellation of these clinical features does not match any previously established type of @entity729 or @entity3520 . However, Patrizi et al reported a @entity1 with @entity46586 associated with torsion @entity3519 who was very similar to our @entity1 . We propose that our @entity1 and the @entity1 reported by Patrizi et al construct a distinct clinical entity in @entity729 or @entity3520 .

title: [A case of @entity729 associated with @entity46586 , @entity3894 of @entity5251 , and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration', 'Mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary dystonia', 'dystonic posture, dystonic and spastic gait']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruptions']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve calcification']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['familial idiopathic brain calcification']

entities_list: @entity46586 :: ('MESH:C535729', 'Disease') :: ['dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria', 'DSH']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['dental root']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Better understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity354 in recent years has not been accompanied by appreciable advances in the design of antireflux operations. In many cases, operations are still being performed just as they were described 30 years ago. It is important now to go beyond the eponymous procedures traditionally associated with antireflux operations and to identify the technical elements that contribute to effective and durable fundoplications. OBJECTIVES: To compare antireflux operations and identify the important technical elements. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study in a university-based tertiary care center. @entity1 : Two hundred one @entity1 had laparoscopic fundoplications for @entity354 . The first 22 @entity1 underwent Nissen-Rossetti procedures (360 degree wrap; no division of short gastric vessels). Subsequently, 82 @entity1 had a total (360 degree Nissen wrap) fundoplication and 97 @entity1 had a partial (240 degree Guarner wrap) fundoplication (both with the short gastric vessels divided), with the choice between them based on the quality of esophageal peristalsis. The 3 groups of @entity1 were similar in age, duration of symptoms, incidence of @entity357 , and incidence of @entity2910 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Resolution of heartburn, incidence of @entity86 , and stability of the reconstruction. RESULTS: The resolution of heartburn was achieved for 15 @entity1 (68%) who had the Nissen-Rossetti procedure, 73 @entity1 (89%) who had a 360 degrees Nissen wrap, and 88 @entity1 (91%) who had a 240 degree Guarner wrap. @entity86 occurred in 3 @entity1 (14%) having the Nissen-Rossetti procedure, 5 @entity1 (6%) having a 360 degree wrap, and 2 @entity1 (2%) having a 240 degree wrap. Herniation or disruption of the wrap occurred postoperatively in 9 @entity1 (4.5%). Review of the videotapes of these 9 operations showed that important technical elements had been omitted in 8. Seven @entity1 required a second operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic antireflux operations control symptoms without producing adverse effects if the following technical elements are included: the @entity547 is repaired and the hiatus reduced to a normal size, the short gastric vessels are divided, a total or partial wrap is used based on the quality of esophageal peristalsis, and the wrap is anchored in the abdomen.

title: An analysis of operations for XXXX : identifying the important technical elements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative dysphagia', 'postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery is evolving as a therapeutic tool for thoracic and urologic applications; however, its use in @entity356 surgery has not been extensively reported. The objective of this pilot series was to assess the feasibility of using robotic surgery in performing an extended lymphadenectomy for @entity356 . METHODS: Between June 2005 and July 2006, seven @entity1 (3 female, 4 male) underwent combined laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with omentectomy and robot-assisted extended lymphadenectomy using the da Vinci Surgical System for early distal @entity356 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 64 years. @entity5 staging ranged from 0 to II. Six @entity1 had @entity420 and one @entity1 had a high-grade @entity652 . RESULTS: All procedures were completed successfully without conversion. The median operating time was 420 min. There was one intraoperative complication requiring a colon resection for a devascularized segment. The median number of nodes harvested was 24 (range = 17-30). Resection margins were negative in all specimens. @entity1 were hospitalized a median of 4 days (range = 3-9). Thirty-day mortality was 0%. @entity1 resumed a solid diet a median of 4 days postoperatively. Median followup was 9 (range = 0-10) months. There have been no @entity5 recurrences to date. CONCLUSION: Extended lymphadenectomy for @entity356 using robotic surgery is safe and allows for an adequate lymph node retrieval. Our preliminary results suggest that this novel technique offers short hospital stays and low morbidity for @entity1 undergoing surgical resection of distal @entity356 . Future studies will be necessary to better define the role of robotic surgery in @entity356 treatment.

title: Pilot series of robot-assisted laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy with extended lymphadenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer', 'gastric malignancies']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Fluid resuscitation to maintain adequate tissue perfusion while reducing @entity4 in the severely burned @entity1 remains a challenge. Recent studies suggest that reactive @entity26 species generated by @entity130 are involved in @entity4 formation associated with burn. The present study tested the hypothesis that adding a free radical scavenger to the resuscitation fluid would reduce total fluid requirements in the treatment of severe @entity130 . Anesthetized chronically instrumented @entity742 received a 40% total body surface area full-thickness flame burn. At 1 h after injury, animals were resuscitated with lactated Ringer's (LR, n = 14) as control, LR containing high doses of @entity620 (VC, n = 6), 1000 mOsM @entity4372 ( @entity4372 , n = 7), or 1000 @entity4372 containing VC ( @entity4372 /VC, n = 7) in coded bags so that investigators were blinded to the treatment. Fluids were infused at an initial Parkland rate of 10 mL/kg/h, adjusted hourly to restore and maintain urine output at 1 to 2 mL/kg/h. @entity742 in the VC or @entity4372 /VC group received 250 mg/kg VC in the first 500 mL of LR or @entity4372 , and then 15 mg/kg/h thereafter. Hemodynamic variables and indices of antioxidant status were measured. At 48 h postburn, @entity742 were euthanized, and heart, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and ileum were evaluated for antioxidant status. All fluid resuscitation regimens were equally effective in restoring cardiac output to near baseline levels; no treatment effects were apparent on arterial pressure or heart rate. VC infusion significantly reduced fluid requirements and, therefore, net fluid balance (fluid in, urine out) by about 30% at 6 h and about 50% at 48 h in comparison with the LR group (P < 0.05). @entity4372 and @entity4372 /VC reduced fluid requirements by 30% and 65%, respectively, at 6 h, but the volume-sparing effect of @entity4372 was not observed after 36 h and that of @entity4372 /VC was lost after 12 h. Plasma total antioxidant potential increased about 25-fold (P < 0.05) at 2 and 3 h in response to VC infusion compared with the LR and @entity4372 groups, and remained about 5- to 10-fold higher throughout the rest of the study. VC infusion also prevented the 4-fold increase in plasma @entity4466 reactive substances seen in the LR group early after burn (P < 0.05). Tissue antioxidant status was similar between groups. In this @entity742 burn model, continuous high-dose VC infusion reduced net fluid balance, reduced indices of plasma lipid peroxidation, and maintained overall antioxidant status in comparison with standard-of-care LR treatment.

title: High-dose XXXX infusion reduces fluid requirements in the resuscitation of burn-injured @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'hypertonic saline']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present the mid-to long-term results of @entity3165 in the treatment of @entity7769 . METHODS: The study retrospectively evaluated 33 @entity1 (24 males, 9 females; mean age: 48 years; range: 26 to 59 years) who underwent subcutaneous transposition of the ulnar nerve. Mean follow-up period was 4 years 9 months (range: 2 years 6 months to 8 years). Modified McGowan's classification was used for preoperative scoring and the Wilson _ Krout classification for postoperative clinical evaluation. Preoperatively 5 @entity1 (15%) had Grade 1, 7 (21%) had Grade 2A, 9 (27%) had Grade 2B, and 12 (36%) had Grade 3 @entity16 . RESULTS: There were excellent results in 24 @entity1 (73%), good in 7 (21%), fair in 1 (3%), and poor in one (3%). The @entity1 with the poor result had developed @entity16 following a @entity130 . There was a negative correlation between the preoperative McGowan grade and the postoperative Wilson _ Krout score (p<0.05, r=-0.43). The success rate of the operation was significantly lower in @entity1 groups as the time from symptom onset increased (p<0.05). There were no complications. CONCLUSION: @entity3165 is an effective and reliable surgical method with a low complication rate for the treatment of @entity7769 .

title: @entity3165 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['Subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve', 'subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['crush injury']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: The medical therapy of @entity741 in elderly @entity1 has not been well evaluated. We studied the age-related changes in 127 @entity1 with proved @entity453 and stable effort angina the efficacy and the safety of @entity3988 120 mg tid, @entity1855 120 mg tid and @entity4473 50 mg tid a medium term parallel, double blind cross-over placebo controlled study. All @entity1 have been clinically and ergometrically evaluated. In middle-age @entity1 @entity3988 , @entity1855 and @entity4473 induced a significant increasing of exercise duration and time to onset @entity308 > or = 1 mm. In the elderly @entity1 both @entity1855 and @entity3988 as increased the exercise duration and @entity63 threshold, while the @entity3988 did not increased the exercise duration even if the time of onset @entity308 > or = 1 mm is increased. At peak exercise the @entity308 have been reduced both in middle-age and elderly @entity1 after active drugs. @entity951 and @entity18961 consumption have been significantly reduced after @entity3988 , @entity1855 and @entity4473 in middle-age and elderly @entity1 . Side effects have not been relevant even if @entity4473 as a lower frequency of them in comparison to @entity3988 and @entity1855 . No @entity1 stopped the treatment because major side effects. Our experience suggests that @entity3988 , @entity1855 and @entity4473 have a similar efficacy and rare well tolerated. The choice of one instead of another must be suggested on the basis of side effects developing.

title: [Treatment of @entity741 in the elderly. Comparison of @entity3988 , @entity1855 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity4473 :: ('MESH:D005711', 'Chemical') :: ['gallopamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['Weekly angina']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity4473 :: (MESH:D005711,Chemical) :: ['gallopamil']


abstract: A case of non-immune fetal @entity4 , diagnosed as @entity18644 with @entity4988 , was treated in utero with albumin transfusions via cordocentesis on five occasions. Blood samples were taken for analysis of full blood count and blood gases before and after the transfusions. Pulsed Doppler ultrasound examinations of the arterial waveform were performed in the umbilical arteries and the descending fetal aorta and analyzed for the pulsatility index (PI). The hemoglobin concentration and the hematocrit decreased from 111 +/- 5 g/l and 0.335 +/- 0.008 to 95 +/- 5 g/l and 0.282 +/- 0.023 (mean +/- SD), respectively, after the transfusions. The calculated blood volume increased more than the given volume, indicating an autotransfusion causing additional plasma volume expansion. The blood gases were not significantly changed by transfusion. The PI decreased both in the umbilical arteries (p less than 0.05) and the descending fetal aorta, indicating @entity1897 . A positive correlation was found between the umbilical artery PI and the hematocrit before and after the albumin transfusion (r = 0.59; p less than 0.05). This relation could be due to covariation with other factors, e.g. @entity1897 secondary to the increased blood volume and the puncture of the umbilical vein itself. No improvement of the @entity4 was seen after the albumin transfusions. The fetus died in utero during spontaneous labor after 30 gestational weeks.

title: Albumin transfusion in non-immune fetal XXXX : Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the acute effects on blood circulation in the fetal aorta and the umbilical arteries.

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis VII']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vasodilatation']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['hydrops']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether the cardioprotective effects of an A1-receptor agonist and ischemic preconditioning (IPC) involve a shift in the @entity1563 ( @entity1563 ) spatial distribution of myocardial blood flow, which might shed light on the mechanism of @entity5524 and explain its heterogeneous effects. Accordingly, 60 min of @entity1563 followed by 72 h of coronary artery reperfusion (CAR) was examined in three groups of conscious @entity1707 10-14 days after instrumentation with aortic and left atrial catheters and coronary artery occluders. @entity583 size, expressed as a fraction of the area at risk (AAR), was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by infusion of the A1 agonist (27.1 +/- 6.6%) and to a greater extent (P < 0.05) by IPC (11.6 +/- 5.1%) compared with @entity1188 size in vehicle-treated animals (55.1 +/- 2.9%). Transmural myocardial blood flow (radioactive microspheres) in the AAR shifted toward lower levels after infusion of the A1 agonist (1.27 +/- 0.19 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.10 ml. min-1. g-1) or IPC (1.27 +/- 0.11 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.09 ml. min-1. g-1) but not after infusion of the vehicle (1.20 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.09 ml. min-1. g-1). This study demonstrated that both pretreatment with an @entity859 A1 agonist and also IPC altered the spatial distribution of pre- @entity1563 myocardial blood flow, which might reflect a downregulation of metabolic state and thus play a role in the cardioprotective effects of IPC.

title: An XXXX agonist and preconditioning shift the distribution of myocardial blood flow in conscious @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['pre-coronary artery occlusion', 'CAO']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4291 (SM) is an important @entity1877 group-containing phospholipid and is considered to be an independent risk factor for @entity301 . METHODS: We have developed a specific enzymatic assay for SM measurement with rapid and automatable performances by using two-reagent system involving sphingomyelinase. We performed within-run and between-run precision, linearity test, detection limit, recovery test and interference to validate this assay. Then, we measured the serum SM concentration in 194 healthy subjects and 141 consecutive @entity1 undergoing coronary angiography. RESULTS: The within-run and between-run coefficients of variation for SM concentrations were 1.1-1.3% and 1.0-1.2%, respectively. Quantitative measurements to a lower limit of 30  mol/L were shown to be possible. The recoveries of the exogenously added SM to the control samples were 98.7%-101.5%. No effect was observed after the addition of some interference materials. The mean    SD of the serum SM concentration in the 194 healthy subjects was 553.3    100.1  mol/L. We found that the SM concentration was significantly higher among an @entity1187 subjects than among the healthy subjects (P<0.01) and that the serum SM concentrations were significantly correlated with the serum @entity1760 concentration. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed a rapid and automatable enzymatic assay for SM that enables the automatic measurement of @entity1877 -containing phospholipids. This assay may be useful for various types of biochemical and clinical research.

title: Development of an enzymatic assay for @entity4291 with rapid and automatable performances: Analysis in healthy subjects and @entity301 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The development of a brain @entity3 represents an ominous event for @entity1 with @entity320 . We evaluated results after stereotactic radiosurgery (SR) for @entity1 with metastastic @entity320 to identify @entity1 outcomes and factors for survival. METHODS: The authors reviewed the management results of 60 consecutive @entity1 with @entity320 @entity3 , with a total of 118 @entity320 brain @entity3 , undergoing SR during a 9-year interval. Of these, 51 also had whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). A total of 118 @entity5 of mean volume of 2.95 ml (range, 0.1-25.5 ml) were treated by SR with a mean margin dose of 16.4 Gy (range, 10 to 20 Gy). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine significant prognostic factors affecting survival in 60 @entity1 . RESULTS: Median survival was 7 months after SR in all 60 @entity1 and 10 months from @entity1313 diagnosis (mean follow-up period, 9.3 months). Lack of active @entity262 and a solitary @entity3 were associated with improved survival in multivariate analysis (median, 15 months). The imaging-defined local control rate of evaluable @entity5 (n = 72) was 90% (disappearance = 11%, shrinkage = 44%, and stable = 35%). Local recurrence developed in 7 @entity1 and remote @entity75 developed in 14 @entity1 . WBRT combined with radiosurgery did not improve survival nor local @entity5 control. New brain @entity3 developed less often when WBRT was added to SR (23% vs. 44%), but this difference was not significant. Only 4 @entity1 (7%) died from progression of a radiosurgery-managed @entity5 . No @entity1 developed a delayed radiation-related complication, but 3 @entity1 developed delayed intratumoral @entity548 at the radiosurgery site, 2 of whom had new symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic radiosurgery for @entity320 brain @entity3 is effective and is associated with few complications. The use of radiosurgery alone is an appropriate management strategy for many @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for cerebral metastatic XXXX : factors affecting local disease control and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solitary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and safety of @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) in octogenarians. METHODS: We evaluated 5,467 DASE which were distributed in two groups: @entity26253 ( @entity26253 ) with 203 DASE performed in octogenarians, and group II (GII), the control group, with 5,264 DASE. The mean age of @entity26253 and GII was 83 +/- 3 (80-95) and 59 +/- 11 (17-79) years, respectively. DASE parameters that were prospectively collected, were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity1 that achieved maximum heart rate was 63.5% in @entity26253 and 41% in GII (p < 0.001), and @entity26253 @entity1 required less @entity3897 compared to GII ( @entity26253 = 47%, GII = 78%, p < 0.001). The presence of @entity662 ( @entity26253 = 13%, GII = 15.6%, p = 0.429) and DASE positive for @entity741 ( @entity26253 = 20.7%, GII = 16.9%, p = 0.296) were not statistically different between the two groups. However, concomitant positive DASE and absence of @entity662 ( @entity26253 = 17%, GII = 11%, p = 0.029) was higher in @entity26253 . The incidence of @entity16257 in @entity26253 was higher than in GII ( @entity26253 = 47.8%, GII = 27.6%, p < 0.001), and there were more @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) in @entity26253 than in GII ( @entity26253 = 5.9%, GII = 1.9%, p = 0.001). Out of 11 @entity4710 that happened in @entity26253 , 9 reverted spontaneously. There weren't either @entity204 or acute @entity583 . @entity2224 only happened in GII (2 cases, 0.03%). CONCLUSION: In the present study, octogenarians achieved maximum heart rate more frequently despite the lesser amount of @entity3897 that they required for DASE completion. Moreover, in this elderly population, there was a higher correlation between positive DASE and absence of @entity662 . Although octogenarians did present more heart rhythm disturbs, they usually resolved spontaneously. In our study, DASE proved to be feasible and safe in octogenarians.

title: [Safety and feasibility of @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography in octogenarian XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity16257 :: ('MESH:D005117', 'Disease') :: ['premature beats']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'ST']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B is a key enzyme in the mediation of the antilipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes, and activation of this molecule results in a reduced output of free @entity1718 (FFAs). An elevation of serum FFAs is known to cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and liver, which could be the primary cause of type 2 @entity6 . To elucidate whether @entity45044 is involved in this disease, we examined the @entity45044 gene expression in epididymal fat tissues of @entity28 insulin-resistant @entity6 KKAy @entity19 . We also examined the effect of an insulin-sensitizing drug, @entity12098 , on this gene expression. In adipose tissue of KKAy @entity19 , @entity45044 mRNA and its corresponding protein were reduced to 48 and 43% of those in C57BL/6J control @entity19 . Basal and insulin-stimulated membrane-bound PDE activities were also decreased to 50 and 36% of those in the controls, respectively. @entity12098 increased both @entity45044 mRNA and protein levels by 1.8-fold of those in untreated KKAy @entity19 . Basal and insulin-induced membrane-bound PDE activities were also increased by 1.6- and 2.0-fold, respectively. @entity12098 reduced the elevated levels of serum insulin, @entity413 , FFAs, and @entity412 in KKAy @entity19 . Thus, the reduced @entity45044 gene expression in adipose tissues could be the primary event in the development of insulin resistance in KKAy @entity19 , which was improved by @entity12098 possibly because of the restoration of the reduced @entity45044 gene expression.

title: Improvement in insulin resistance and the restoration of reduced phosphodiesterase 3B gene expression by @entity12098 in adipose tissue of @entity28 XXXX KKAy @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed to guide @entity0 surgery by measuring @entity5 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study-level meta-analysis examines MRI's agreement with pathology, compares MRI with alternative tests and investigates consistency between different measures of agreement. METHODS: A systematic literature search was undertaken. Mean differences (MDs) in @entity5 size between MRI or comparator tests and pathology were pooled by assuming a fixed effect. Limits of agreement (LOA) were estimated from a pooled variance by assuming equal variance of the differences across studies. RESULTS: Data were extracted from 19 studies (958 @entity1 ). The pooled @entity601 between MRI and pathology from six studies was 0.1 cm (95% LOA: -4.2 to 4.4 cm). Similar overestimation for MRI ( @entity601 : 0.1 cm) and ultrasound (US) ( @entity601 : 0.1 cm) was observed, with comparable LOA (two studies). Overestimation was lower for MRI ( @entity601 : 0.1 cm) than mammography ( @entity601 : 0.4 cm; two studies). Overestimation by MRI ( @entity601 : 0.1 cm) was smaller than underestimation by clinical examination ( @entity601 : -0.3 cm). The LOA for mammography and clinical examination were wider than that for MRI. Percentage agreement between MRI and pathology was greater than that of comparator tests (six studies). The range of Pearson's/Spearman's correlations was wide (0.21-0.92; 16 studies). Inconsistencies between MDs, percentage agreement and correlations were common. CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging appears to slightly overestimate pathologic size, but measurement errors may be large enough to be clinically significant. Comparable performance by US was observed, but agreement with pathology was poorer for mammography and clinical examination. Percentage agreement can provide supplementary information to MDs and LOA, but Pearson's/Spearman's correlation does not provide evidence of agreement and should be avoided. Further comparisons of MRI and other tests using the recommended methods are warranted.

title: Meta-analysis of agreement between MRI and pathologic XXXX size after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumour']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether 5   5 mm dental implants with a novel nanostructured @entity460 -incorporated @entity702 surface could be an alternative to at least 5   10 mm-long implants placed in bone augmented with bone substitutes in posterior @entity3202 jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity3202 posterior (premolar and molar areas) mandibles having 5 to 7 mm of bone height above the mandibular canal and 40 @entity1 with @entity3202 having 4 to 6 mm below the maxillary sinus, were randomised according to a parallel group design to receive one to three 5   5 mm implants or one to three at least 5   10 mm-long implants in augmented bone at two centres. Mandibles were vertically augmented with interpositional @entity291 bone blocks and resorbable barriers and implants were placed after 4 months. Maxillary sinuses were augmented with @entity79 via a lateral window covered with resorbable barriers and implants were placed simultaneously. All implants were submerged and loaded after 4 months with provisional prostheses. Four months later, definitive screw-retained or provisionally cemented metal-ceramic or zirconia prostheses were delivered. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant failures as well as any complication. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed to 4 months post-loading with the exception of one @entity1 who underwent mandibular augmentation and had multiple complications at and after grafting, and subsequent graft failure, who did not want to go ahead with the treatment. This case was considered a complete failure. There were no statistically significant differences in prosthesis and implant failures. In mandibles, apart from the complete graft failure, one 5   10 mm implant failed at placement of the provisional prosthesis. In maxillae, one 5   5 mm implant failed with its provisional crown 3 months after loading. All complications occurred before loading. Significantly more intra- and @entity260 occurred at both mandibular and maxillary grafted sites: 16 augmented @entity1 were affected by complications versus 8 @entity1 treated with short implants in the mandible (P = 0.022; difference in proportion = 0.40; CI 95% 0.12 to 0.68), and 5 sinus-lifted @entity1 versus none treated with maxillary short implants (P = 0.047; difference in proportion = 0.25; CI 95% 0.06 to 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term data (4 months after loading) indicate that 5   5 mm implants achieved similar results compared to longer implants placed in augmented bone. Short implants might be a preferable choice to bone augmentation especially in posterior mandibles since the treatment is faster, cheaper and associated with less morbidity. However, 5 to 10 years of post-loading data are necessary before making reliable recommendations.

title: Posterior XXXX jaws rehabilitated with prostheses supported by 5 x 5 mm implants with a novel nanostructured @entity460 -incorporated @entity702 surface or by longer implants in augmented bone. Preliminary results from a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic maxillae']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['particulated porcine bone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rising mortality rates caused by @entity645 / @entity791 in South Africa have substantial and lingering impacts on poor households. METHODS: This is a descriptive paper using a new dataset of daily income, expenditure and financial transactions collected over a year from a total of 181 poor households in South African rural and urban areas. One of the key pathways through which @entity645 / @entity791 impacts on household wellbeing is through the socioeconomic impacts of @entity204 , which this dataset is especially useful in quantifying. RESULTS: The key impacts of @entity204 on households are funerals and the loss of income. Funerals often cost up to 7 months of income. Nearly all households in the sample attempt to cover such costs by holding a portfolio of funeral insurance. Despite these efforts to insure against funeral costs, 61% of households are underinsured against the cost of a funeral. Nearly half the sample households are dependent on a regular wage earner, and another quarter are dependent on a grant recipient. Eighty per cent of these households would lose over half of their monthly income should the highest income recipient in the household die. Even by selling liquid assets, only one third of the sample households would be able to maintain their pre- @entity204 living standards for a year or more. CONCLUSION: Death poses substantial and lingering burdens from the funerals that surviving household members need to finance and the ongoing loss of income once brought into the household by the deceased. These costs pose so great a threat to households that they dominate household saving and insurance behavior.

title: The financial impact of XXXX / @entity791 on poor households in South Africa.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a rare type of @entity3279 , i.e. peripheral @entity3279 after @entity231 extraction--- @entity3312 . METHODS: Clinical charts of 8 affected eyes in 5 @entity1 were reviewed. Ultrasound pachymetry was used to determine central corneal thickness. Cell densities were measured by specular microscopy. The clinical characteristics and pathogenesis were discussed. RESULTS: The average time from operation to initial diagnosis was 10.5 years. The typical @entity4 started inferiorly and progressed circumferentially, but central portion of the @entity267 was clear. The corneal thickness at @entity4 area was increased. The cell counts of endothelium was decreased in our @entity1 . Additionally, the @entity4 was associated with a punctate orange-brown pigmentation on the endothelium. CONCLUSIONS: So far this new syndrome of @entity3279 has not been reported in china. Its clinical characteristics are not similar to that of conventional @entity4 after intracapsular @entity231 extraction. The pathogenesis of this curious condition is still unknown. It may be associated with an aphakic eye, @entity1596 and hereditary factors.

title: [Peripheral @entity3279 after XXXX extraction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['chronic uveitis']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-Mclean syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECT: Mild-to-moderate @entity2332 is increasingly used for neuroprotection in @entity1 . However, it is unknown whether administration of @entity17166 medications in burst-suppressive doses-the gold standard of neuroprotection during neurovascular procedures-provides an additional protective effect under hypothermic conditions. The authors conducted the present study to answer this question. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity35 were subjected to 90 minutes of @entity2500 and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) normothermic controls; 2) methohexital treatment (burst suppression); 3) induction of mild @entity2332 (33 degrees C); and 4) induction of mild @entity2332 plus methohexital treatment (burst suppression). Local cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using bilateral laser Doppler flowmetry and electroencephalography. Functional deficits were quantified and recorded during daily neurological examinations. @entity1188 volumes were assessed histologically after 7 days. Methohexital treatment, mild @entity2332 , and mild @entity2332 plus methohexital treatment reduced @entity1188 volumes by 32%, 71%, and 66%, respectively, compared with normothermic controls. Furthermore, mild @entity2332 therapy provided the best functional outcome, which was not improved by additional @entity17166 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that @entity17166 -induced burst suppression is not required to achieve maximum neuroprotection under mild hypothermic conditions. The magnitude of protection afforded by barbiturates alone appears to be modest compared with that provided by mild @entity2332 .

title: No additional neuroprotection provided by @entity17166 -induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in XXXX subjected to reversible focal ischemia.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbiturate']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Although surgery is the standard technique for drainage of @entity9007 , use of endoscopic methods is increasing. We performed a single-center, open-label, randomized trial to compare endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for @entity9007 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity9007 underwent endoscopic (n = 20) or surgical cystogastrostomy (n  = 20). The primary end point was @entity9007 after a 24-month follow-up period. Secondary end points were treatment success or failure, complications, re-interventions, length of hospital stay, physical and mental health scores, and total costs. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period, none of the @entity1 who received endoscopic therapy had a @entity9007 , compared with 1 @entity1 treated surgically. There were no differences in treatment successes, complications, or re-interventions between the groups. However, the length of hospital stay was shorter for @entity1 who underwent endoscopic cystogastrostomy (median, 2 days, vs 6 days in the surgery group; P < .001). Although there were no differences in physical component scores and mental health component scores (MCS) between groups at baseline on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form General Survey questionnaire, longitudinal analysis showed significantly better physical component scores (P  = .019) and mental health component scores (P  = .025) for the endoscopy treatment group. The total mean cost was lower for @entity1 managed by endoscopy than surgery ( 7011 vs  15,052; P  = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In a randomized trial comparing endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for @entity9007 , none of the @entity1 in the endoscopy group had @entity9007 during the follow-up period, therefore there is no evidence that surgical cystogastrostomy is superior. However, endoscopic treatment was associated with shorter hospital stays, better physical and mental health of @entity1 , and lower cost. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00826501.

title: Equal efficacy of endoscopic and surgical cystogastrostomy for XXXX in a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst drainage', 'pseudocyst recurrence', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst drainage']


abstract: @entity1457 alters the susceptibility of @entity5 cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Cultured @entity0 MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells that express high levels of @entity1457 protein 70 and 27 kDa are resistant to treatment with certain anticancer drugs. These findings indicate that expression of HSPs can negatively regulate the effectiveness of cytotoxic drugs. We conducted experiments to study the regulation of expression of @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) in @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells exposed to @entity1457 by intracellular free @entity141 and protein kinase C. Cells exposed to 44 degrees C for 20 min displayed increased expression of @entity1878 and @entity19892 , that reached a maximum 4-5 h later and returned to baseline levels within 24 h. Levels of @entity1878 mRNA in cells exposed to @entity1457 increased, suggesting that the heat-induced increase in @entity1878 occurs at the transcriptional level. The synthesis of @entity1878 but not @entity19892 was inhibited when cells were exposed to @entity1457 in medium devoid of @entity141 and attenuated by more than 50% when cells were pretreated with the @entity460 chelator @entity18650 for 30 min prior to @entity1457 . @entity1878 synthesis was enhanced when cells were treated with the protein kinase C inhibitor, @entity11009 . These data indicate that @entity141 and @entity6164 are involved in regulation of @entity1878 synthesis. However, removal of external @entity141 and treatment with @entity18650 , @entity11009 , or exposure to sublethal @entity1457 protected cells from subsequent thermal injury. The intracellular free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in resting @entity593 -loaded MCF-7 cells was 156 +/- 16 nM (n = 29). @entity1457 increased [ @entity141 ]i in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Exposure of cells to 44 degrees C for 20 min increased [ @entity141 ]i by 234 +/- 13%, which subsequently returned to baseline levels within 120 min. Removal of external @entity141 eliminated the increase, indicating that the increase in [ @entity141 ]i was due to @entity141 influx. Pretreatment of the cells with @entity18650 or @entity11009 for 30 min or a sublethal @entity1457 to allow @entity1878 overexpression led to an attenuation of the increase in [ @entity141 ]i by a subsequent @entity1457 . The results suggest that @entity1878 but not @entity19892 is regulated by [ @entity141 ]i and @entity6164 activity. The cytoprotection produced by chelation of @entity141 , @entity11009 , or @entity1878 overexpression is probably due to their ability to attenuate the [ @entity141 ]i response to heating.

title: Biochemical requirements for the expression of @entity1457 protein 72 kda in XXXX @entity0 MCF-7 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']