abstract: Dairy propionibacteria display probiotic properties which require high populations of live and metabolically active propionibacteria in the colon. In this context, the probiotic vector determines probiotic efficiency. Fermented dairy products protect propionibacteria against digestive stresses and generally contain a complex mixture of lactic and @entity6137 bacteria. This does not allow the identification of dairy propionibacteria specific beneficial effects. The aim of this study was to develop a dairy product exclusively fermented by dairy propionibacteria. As they grow poorly in milk, we determined their nutritional requirements concerning @entity505 and @entity1568 by supplementing milk ultrafiltrate (UF) with different concentrations of @entity880 and casein hydrolysate. Milk or UF supplemented with 50 mM @entity880 and 5 g L(-1) casein hydrolysate allowed growth of all dairy propionibacteria studied. In these new fermented dairy products, dairy propionibacteria remained viable and stress-tolerant in vitro during minimum 15 days at 4   C. The efficiency of milk fermented by the most tolerant @entity20455 was evaluated in piglets. Viability and SCFA content in the colon evidenced survival and metabolic activity of @entity20455 . This work results in the design of a new food grade vector, which will allow preclinical and clinical trials.

title: The first dairy product exclusively fermented by XXXX : a new vector to study probiotic potentialities in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity20455 :: ('1744', 'Species') :: ['P. freudenreichii', 'Propionibacterium freudenreichii strain']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity6137 :: ('MESH:C029658', 'Chemical') :: ['propionic acid']

answer: @entity20455 :: (1744,Species) :: ['Propionibacterium freudenreichii']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The effect of @entity440 on cyclic @entity5026 and on chemoprophylaxis against @entity0 is little known, mainly due to the difficulties in studying the normal @entity1 gland. We proposed to evaluate the mitotic index and the nuclear volume of the lobule of @entity1 medicated with @entity440 only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in order to observe the effect of @entity440 on the normal @entity1 mammary gland. METHODS: Twenty-four premenopausal @entity1 with @entity1557 diagnosed via biopsy were studied. The phase of the cycle was determined by the date of menstruation and serum @entity1420 level in the luteal phase (> or = 3 ng/ml). The @entity1 admitted to the study and were given written informed consent to participate in the investigation, which was previously approved of by the hospital Ethics Committee. @entity1 were divided at random into two groups: Group I consisted of 12 untreated @entity1 (control) and Group II consisted of 12 @entity1 treated with 20 mg/day @entity440 for 10 consecutive days beginning on the 13th day of the menstrual cycle. In both groups, the @entity1 were submitted to biopsies of the nodule and of a 1-cm3 fragment of adjacent mammary parenchyma between the 23rd and 26th day of the cycle. The mitotic index (number of mitoses/1000 nuclei counted) and mean nuclear volume (mean of 10 nuclear volumes for each case) were measured. RESULTS: No mitosis was observed in Group II. There was a reduction in the mean nuclear volume in Group II (Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSIONS: @entity440 , when administered only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, significantly reduces the nuclear volume and mitotic activity of the epithelium. This data demonstrates an antagonistic action of @entity440 on @entity172 even when administered for short periods of time.

title: Effects of XXXX on the breast in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['mastalgia']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic relevance of blood markers in @entity64 is still a matter of controversial debate. @entity1 AND METHODS: In sera of 63 @entity1 , nucleosomes, @entity3508 ( @entity3508 ), @entity4483 protein, and @entity1851 (CRP) were determined daily during the first week after @entity64 . @entity1188 volume was quantified by CT or MRI and the clinical status by Barthel Index (BI) at admission, discharge, and after 12 months (prognosis). All markers were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis on their prognostic relevance. RESULTS: During observation time (12 months), three @entity1 died and 33 reached complete recovery. @entity1188 volume, nucleosomes, @entity3508 , @entity4483 , and CRP correlated significantly with clinical status at admission. The same markers except CRP and initial BI correlated with recovery after 12 months. Almost all @entity1 with initial BI double dagger 50 reached complete recovery. In @entity1 with initially severe defects (BI < 50), nucleosomes and @entity4483 , both at day 3, were found to be prognostically relevant. At 100%-specificity for non-recovery, only nucleosomes maintained their prognostic power (sensitivity 52.6%; p = 0.014), whereas @entity4483 did not (sensitivity 16.7%; p = 0.25). In multivariate analysis, nucleosomes and BI at admission showed independent prognostic relevance (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: Circulating nucleosomes and clinical scores provide independent prognostic information concerning the later outcome in @entity1 with initially severe defects after @entity64 .

title: Nucleosomes as a new prognostic marker in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarction']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuronspecific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['cerebral stroke']


abstract: RATIONALE: Available data suggest a complex role for the @entity75 in male @entity146 ; however, the results so far obtained in animals with either @entity17234 or @entity17234 antagonists are conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To define the better influence of @entity17234 on male @entity146 by studying, in @entity19 , (i) the effect of @entity17234 and of the chimeric @entity17234 peptide M40 on the copulatory performance, and (ii) @entity17234 mRNA levels in hypothalamic arcuate and dorso-medial nuclei. METHODS: For the behavioral testing, only sexually sluggish male @entity19 were used. @entity17234 mRNA levels were studied in both sexually potent and impotent @entity19 by means of in situ hybridization. Standard behavioral parameters for @entity146 were recorded or calculated. Synthetic @entity17234 (0.05, 0.1 or 1 microg/ @entity19 ) and M40 (5 or 20 microg/ @entity19 ) were intracerebroventricularly (ICV) injected, 15 min before the copulatory test. @entity17234 mRNA levels were evaluated. RESULTS: In sexually sluggish male @entity19 , both @entity17234 (0.1 and 1 microg/ @entity19 ICV) and M40 (20 microg/ @entity19 ICV), significantly increased intromission frequency and ejaculation latency; M40 also improved copulatory efficacy. On the other hand, in the hypothalamic arcuate and dorso-medial nuclei, the levels of @entity17234 mRNA were not significantly different in sexually potent and impotent male @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results show that in sexually sluggish male @entity19 the ICV injection of either @entity17234 or the chimeric analogue M40 greatly prolongs the duration of the copulation; without a reduction of the sexual drive or of the copulatory performance. On the other hand, the hybridization experiments seem to rule out an important physiological role of the @entity75 in the regulation of male @entity146 , at least in @entity19 .

title: Pharmacological manipulation of XXXX and @entity146 in male @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain galaninergic system']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brain galaninergic system']


abstract: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapsing-remitting @entity15 is a potentially curative treatment, which can give rise to long-term disease remission. However, the mode of action is not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate similarities and differences of the @entity404 (+) T-cell populations between HSCT-treated @entity1 (n  =  12) and healthy controls (n  =  9). Phenotyping of memory T cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper type 1 (Th1) and type 17 (Th17) cells was performed. Further, T-cell reactivity to a tentative antigen, @entity3950 , was investigated in these @entity1 populations. @entity1 treated with natalizumab (n  =  15) were included as a comparative group. White blood cells were analysed with flow cytometry and T-cell culture supernatants were analysed with magnetic bead panel immunoassays. HSCT-treated @entity1 had similar levels of Treg cells and of Th1 and Th17 cells as healthy subjects, whereas natalizumab-treated @entity1 had lower frequencies of Treg cells, and higher frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cells. Cells from HSCT-treated @entity1 cultured with overlapping peptides from @entity3950 produced more transforming growth factor-b1 than natalizumab-treated @entity1 , which suggests a suppressive response. Conversely, T cells from natalizumab-treated @entity1 cultured with those peptides produced more @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ), @entity1192 and @entity688 , indicating a Th17 response. In conclusion, we demonstrate circumstantial evidence for the removal of autoreactive T-cell clones as well as development of tolerance after HSCT. These results parallel the long-term disease remission seen after HSCT.

title: T-cell responses after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive relapsing-remitting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3950 :: ('4340', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity3064 has emerged as a serious problematic pathogen due to the ever-increasing presence of antibiotic resistance, demonstrating a need for novel, broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapeutic options. Antimicrobial nanoemulsions are emulsified mixtures of detergent, oil, and water (droplet size, 100 to 800 nm) which have broad antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses, and fungi. Here, we screened the antimicrobial activities of five nanoemulsion preparations against four @entity3064 isolates to identify the most suitable preparation for further evaluation. Among them, N5, which contains 10% (vol/vol) Triton X-100, 25% (vol/vol) @entity1460 oil, and 1% (wt/vol) @entity4410 (CPC), showed the best efficacy against A. baumannii in both its planktonic and biofilm forms and was selected for further study. Our data demonstrate that, while the killing of planktonic forms of A. baumannii was due to the 1% CPC component of our nanoemulsions, the breakdown of biofilms was achieved via the emulsified oil and detergent fractions. Furthermore, we documented the effect of @entity1068 and @entity1219 in combination with N5 on planktonic A. baumannii. In killing curves of N5 combined with other agents ( @entity1068 or @entity1219 ), a synergistic effect of a >=  2-log decrease in CFU/ml was observed. The antibiofilm activity of N5 was confirmed via a cell proliferation test and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of exposure to severe environmental conditions, which simulates the field conditions in Iraq and Afghanistan, were evaluated, and this exposure did not affect the overall antimicrobial activity of N5. These studies lay a solid foundation for the utilization of nanoemulsions against the antibiotic-resistant forms of A. baumannii.

title: Antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsion in combination with @entity4410 in multidrug-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity310 ) effectively stimulates the oxidative metabolism of @entity1 PMN in vitro. Moreover, preincubation of PMN with @entity310 has been shown to result in an altered response of the target cells to subsequent stimulation. In the present study the response of PMN to stimulation in vitro was investigated in @entity1 with metastasizing @entity320 receiving bolus injections of recombinant @entity1 @entity310 as therapy. @entity310 was given daily for 5 days. Blood samples were taken prior to @entity310 administration on days 1 to 4 and on day 8. @entity12487 -enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) was used as a sensitive measure of granulocyte oxidative metabolism. PMN were stimulated with @entity310 , @entity4909 , @entity2841 , PMA, opsonized zymosan and @entity5037 . A significant increase in CL responses was detected upon stimulation with @entity310 , @entity4909 and PMA from day 1 to day 3, whereas no significant changes were observed for the background activity or when @entity2841 or opsonized zymosan were used as stimuli. On day 4 all CL responses returned to the day 1 starting level. A further significant decrease was observed on day 8 upon stimulation with @entity310 , @entity4909 and @entity2841 . In contrast, the effect induced by @entity5037 reached a maximum on day 4, but the CL response was found to be at the starting level on day 8. The results indicate that @entity310 induces significant changes in PMN response to distinct stimuli in vivo. Moreover, it may be possible that continuous daily infusions with @entity310 induce a hyposensitization of PMN oxidative metabolism.

title: Effect of @entity5 necrosis factor alpha in vivo on XXXX granulocyte oxidative metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity12487 :: ('MESH:C033472', 'Chemical') :: ['Lucigenin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The mechanisms of the antinociceptive effect of @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) are only partly known. It is generally accepted that excitatory @entity1522 act as neurotransmitters in primary nociceptive fibres and recent in vitro studies have shown an interaction between tricyclic antidepressants and the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor complex. In this study, the modulatory effect of @entity9956 on the biting and scratching behaviour induced by intrathecal (i.th.) administration of @entity143 (0.25 nmol) was investigated. @entity5829 was administered acutely, either intrathecally (0.7-35 micrograms) or intraperitoneally (i.p., 10 mg/kg), or chronically in the drinking water (0.15 g/l) for 3 weeks. The @entity143 -induced behaviour was significantly reduced both after acute and chronic administration of @entity9956 . Several studies have shown a functional upregulation of the @entity19472 after chronic treatment with @entity9956 . The activation of this receptor using the @entity19472 agonist, @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ), leads to a reduction in @entity143 -induced behaviour. Using the @entity19472 antagonist @entity16644 (10 micrograms, i.th.), the effect of chronic administration of @entity9956 on the @entity143 -induced behaviour was reversed. However, @entity16644 also increased @entity143 -induced behaviour in the control group, suggesting that a tonic inhibition of this behaviour, mediated by the @entity19472 , may exist. These findings indicate that @entity9956 may reduce glutaminergic transmission at the spinal @entity143 receptor. As this receptor is central in spinal nociceptive transmission, this could be one mechanism for the antinociceptive effect of @entity9956 .

title: Reduction of XXXX -induced behaviour after acute and chronic administration of @entity5829 in mice.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine', 'Desipramine']

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin hydrobromide', '8-OH-DPAT']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: @entity6831 caused by the pathogen @entity5132 is a clinically important problem in hospitalized individuals and is associated with a 30 to 40% attributable mortality(6). @entity6923 is normally controlled by innate immunity, and individuals with @entity74 in innate immune cell components such as phagocyte @entity1110 oxidase are more susceptible to @entity4963 (7-9). Very little is known about the dynamics of @entity5132 interaction with innate immune cells in vivo. Extensive in vitro studies have established that outside of the host @entity5132 germinates inside of macrophages, and is quickly destroyed by neutrophils(10-14). In vitro studies, though useful, cannot recapitulate the complex in vivo environment, which includes time-dependent dynamics of cytokine levels, extracellular matrix attachments, and intercellular contacts(10, 15-18). To probe the contribution of these factors in host-pathogen interaction, it is critical to find a model organism to visualize these aspects of @entity281 non-invasively in a live intact host. The @entity3392 larva offers a unique and versatile vertebrate host for the study of @entity281 . For the first 30 days of development @entity3392 larvae have only innate immune defenses(2, 19-21), simplifying the study of diseases such as @entity6831 that are highly dependent on innate immunity. The small size and transparency of @entity3392 larvae enable imaging of @entity281 dynamics at the cellular level for both host and pathogen. Transgenic larvae with fluorescing innate immune cells can be used to identify specific cells types involved in @entity281 (22-24). Modified anti-sense oligonucleotides (Morpholinos) can be used to knock down various immune components such as phagocyte @entity1110 oxidase and study the changes in response to @entity364 (5). In addition to the ethical and practical advantages of using a small lower vertebrate, the @entity3392 larvae offers the unique possibility to image the pitched battle between pathogen and host both intravitally and in color. The @entity3392 has been used to model @entity281 for a number of @entity1 pathogenic bacteria, and has been instrumental in major advances in our understanding of @entity281 (3, 25). However, only recently have much larger pathogens such as fungi been used to infect larva(5, 23, 26), and to date there has not been a detailed visual description of the @entity281 methodology. Here we present our techniques for hindbrain ventricle microinjection of prim(25) @entity3392 , including our modifications to previous protocols. Our findings using the larval @entity3392 model for @entity364 diverge from in vitro studies and reinforce the need to examine the host-pathogen interaction in the complex environment of the host rather than the simplified system of the Petri dish(5).

title: Non-invasive imaging of @entity6831 in XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['disseminated candidiasis', 'Disseminated candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report physical and psychologic outcomes for young adult survivors of pediatric burns. DESIGN: Prospective, correlational study. SETTING: Acute and rehabilitation pediatric burn care facility. @entity1 : Eighty-three young adult survivors of pediatric burns, who were 18 to 28 years of age, with total body surface area (TBSA) burns of 30% or greater, and were at least 2 years postburn. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physical outcomes were assessed by muscle strength tests, grip and pinch measurements, mobility levels, and self-care (activities of daily living) skills. Psychologic outcomes included @entity146 , @entity1314 , and incidence of @entity146 . An individually administered Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis, based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , 4th Edition, for @entity146 diagnosis, was used to assess mental health, and @entity146 were assessed with the Young Adult Self-Report. @entity1 reported educational achievement, employment status, state of transition from family of origin (home) to independent living, and pair bonding. The Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey and the Quality of Life Questionnaire were used to assess each @entity1 's self-reported general health and quality of life. RESULTS: The majority of subjects had physical and psychologic outcomes that were within the normal range when compared with age-mates who had not experienced burns. The areas that were most likely to be impaired involved peripheral strength (wrist and grip). These deficits affected some self-care skills and correlated with TBSA. Standardized diagnostic interviews showed that greater than 50% of subjects qualified for a @entity146 diagnosis, with @entity148 as the most frequently occurring diagnosis. There were few significant correlations of the physical measurements or self-care skills with the burn size, psychologic problems, or social outcomes, and none appeared to be clinically important. CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity1 in this sample were functioning physically and psychosocially within normal limits as they reached adulthood. Although they appeared to function well as measured by standardized assessments, there were indications of private suffering that suggested they may not be functioning at an optimal level. The findings suggest that rehabilitation professionals could improve outcomes by including programs to develop overall muscle strength in severely burned @entity1 and by addressing concerns related to @entity148 and other symptoms of @entity458 .

title: Physical and psychologic rehabilitation outcomes for young adults burned as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participant', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'behavioral problems', 'psychiatric illness', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychologic distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity528 ( @entity528 ) is generally considered to be apoptotic. Apoptosis is an active form of cell death in which the regulation of specific proteins produces anti- or pro-apoptotic signals. Two of the protein families involved in this regulation are the bcl proteins and caspases. A quantitative immunoblotting technique was used to examine the temporal expression of @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and two isoforms of @entity4124 (an active 20 kDa isoform and the inactive 32 kDa precursor) throughout the developing neuraxis. Long-Evans @entity35 fetuses were collected on gestational day (G) 16 and G19, and pups were harvested on postnatal day (P) 0, P3, P6, P12, @entity7504 , and P30. Brains were divided into five segments: cortex, thalamus, midbrain, medulla/pons, and cerebellum. In general, the expression of @entity2310 increased and the ratio of @entity1976 expression to @entity2310 expression decreased concurrent with published data on the onset of @entity528 in a given area. The timing of these events was paralleled by an increase in the expression of active @entity4124 . Unlike the bcl proteins, @entity4124 expression returned toward fetal levels as the brain matured. The timing of the changes in bcl protein and caspase expression show that both protein families are involved in promoting @entity528 . Reductions in caspase expression (and not @entity1976 and @entity2310 expression) are key to ending the period of @entity528 .

title: Expression of @entity1976 , @entity2310 , and @entity4124 in the brain of the developing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'NOND', 'Naturally occurring neuronal death']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Earlier studies showed that oral administration of green tea or @entity5834 to SKH-1 @entity19 inhibited ultraviolet B light (UVB)-induced @entity105 , @entity1386 and @entity2915 . In the present study, the effects of @entity2798 wheel exercise on thickness of dermal fat as well as on UVB-induced tumorigenesis in SKH-1 @entity19 were studied in UVB-initiated high-risk and UVB-induced @entity105 models. In the high-risk model, animals were exposed to UVB (30 mJ/cm(2)) 3 times/week for 16 weeks. For 14 weeks subsequent to UVB exposure, half of the animals had access to running wheels in their cages whereas the other half did not. In the @entity105 model, animals were exposed to UVB (30 mJ/cm(2)) 2 times/week for 33 weeks. From the beginning, half of the animals had access to running wheels whereas the other half did not. At the conclusion of each study, body weights were not different between groups, although animals with running wheels consumed significantly more food and water than animals without running wheels. In addition, animals with running wheels had decreases in parametrial fat pad weight and thickness of the dermal fat layer. In both UVB-initiated high-risk and @entity105 models, @entity2798 wheel exercise delayed the appearance of @entity5 , decreased the number of @entity5 per @entity19 and decreased @entity5 volume per @entity19 . Histopathology studies revealed that running wheel exercise decreased the number of @entity5 (primarily keratoacanthomas) by 34% and total @entity5 per @entity19 by 32% in both models, and running wheel exercise decreased the formation of @entity957 in the UVB-induced @entity105 model by 27%. In addition, the size of keratoacanthomas and @entity957 were decreased substantially in both models. The effects described here indicate that @entity2798 wheel exercise inhibits UVB-induced skin tumorigenesis and may also inhibit @entity5 growth.

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity2798 wheel exercise on UVB-induced @entity105 in SKH-1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-malignant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased locomotor activity']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis', 'complete carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['decreased dermal fat thickness']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary running']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5825 ( @entity5825 ) is endemic in Malaysia. In 1997, a large outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV-71) associated @entity5825 resulted in 41 deaths due to severe @entity1002 with extensive damage to the medulla and pons. The clinical presentation in all these @entity1 were rapid cardio-respiratory decompensation leading to @entity1167 . Another large outbreak of @entity5825 with 55 fatal cases and a similar clinical picture was reported in Taiwan in 1998. In 2000, an outbreak of @entity5825 resulted in the deaths of three @entity1 who had rapid cardio-respiratory decompensation and one @entity1 who survived a @entity4767 . OBJECTIVES: We set out to study the etiologic agent and mechanism involved in three @entity1 who presented to our hospital, two of whom died and one survived a @entity4767 . STUDY DESIGN: The clinical course of the disease was described. Throat, rectal swab and cerebrospinal fluid samples were subjected to viral isolation and viral isolates were identified by immunofluorescence, micro-neutralisation using @entity1 @entity980 ( @entity980 ) cells, and reverse transcritpase polymerase chain reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on two of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Echovirus 7 was the sole pathogen isolated from three cases of acute @entity1651 , two of which were fatal due to severe @entity1002 resistant to inotropic support. The survivor had @entity10296 , but is considered to have had a good neurological outcome. CONCLUSION: Echovirus 7 infection associated with @entity1651 could be fatal due to indirect involvement of the heart resulting in severe @entity1002 . In addition one of the @entity1 presented with hand, foot, @entity3137 , a syndrome that has not been previously associated with echovirus 7 infection.

title: Echovirus 7 associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system infection']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['residual bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['HFMD', 'Hand, foot, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction and central nervous system infection', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1651 :: (MESH:D004679,Disease) :: ['encephalomyelitis']


abstract: Recombination of VH, DH and @entity12808 genes is a unique first step in normal B-cell development. Subsequent differentiation to a mature plasma cell is accompanied by further events in the Ig genes, including VL-JL joining, somatic hypermutation and isotype switching. Chromosomal changes leading to @entity1892 can occur at many points in this sequence, and may be partly a consequence of the genetic mobility and mutability permitted in order to generate a diverse antibody repertoire. V genes of neoplastic B cells may reflect the point of maturation reached by the B cell of origin, prior to transformation. Analysis of @entity5 therefore provides useful information on V-gene patterns in normal B cells, and may add another dimension to classification of @entity1892 . Transformation may also preserve cell populations normally destined to die by apoptosis. @entity5 cells arrested in the site where somatic hypermutation and isotype switch are occurring can still be subject to these processes, and could be influenced by persisting antigen. However, mutation is silenced at the point of exit to the periphery, leading to fixed mutational patterns in @entity5 of mature B cells. V-gene analysis provides an invaluable tool for understanding the genesis of neoplastic change. It also has a clear clinical relevance in tracking @entity5 cells, measuring @entity66 , and finally in offering the opportunity of developing vaccines for treatment.

title: Insight into the origin and clonal history of XXXX as revealed by analysis of immunoglobulin variable region genes.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell tumors']


abstract: @entity8709 is a rare @entity5 . We report an extremely aggressive case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the right maxillary sinus, which had metastasised to the brain and rib. A 56-year-old @entity1 presented with recurrent @entity1415 and @entity417 . Nasendoscopy revealed a medialised medial wall of the right maxilla and a mass occupying the whole nasopharynx. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right @entity5 with extension to the ipsilateral nasal cavity, nasopharynx, right sphenoid and ethmoidal sinuses. There was an extra-axial brain metastasis. There were metastases to the right parietal region and left eighth rib. Histopathology examination of the maxillary mass revealed abundant plasma cells with kappa-chain restriction. He was planned for four cycles of chemotherapy. Unfortunately, in view of the advanced stage of disease, he succumbed to his disease during the first cycle of chemotherapy.

title: XXXX in the maxillary sinus.

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['acute anaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant plasma cell tumour', 'maxillary tumour']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity8709 :: (MESH:C537514,Disease) :: ['Extramedullary plasmacytoma']


abstract: The effect of residual C-peptide secretion in longer standing @entity1723 on glycaemic control and the prevalence and evolution of complications over 2 years was evaluated. Thirty-one subjects with @entity1723 of 15.4 (1.5) years duration (mean SEM)) and residual C-peptide secretion, were matched for age, duration of @entity6 and body mass index with 31 subjects without detectable C-peptide secretion. At trial entry and over 2 years, levels of @entity4051 , @entity9208 and mean blood @entity413 were essentially similar in both groups. Levels of glycated albumin (GSA) were significantly higher in the C-peptide negative group after 3 and 9 months (P less than 0.05). An increased prevalence of @entity989 in the C-peptide negative group and of @entity1095 in the C-peptide secretor group was apparent at entry to the study (both P less than 0.05), although no significant differences were observed after 1 or 2 years. There was no difference in the prevalence of peripheral or autonomic @entity16 , @entity101 , @entity8 or @entity299 . Subjects with C-peptide concentrations greater than 0.100 pmol/ml at entry to this study had lower daily @entity2690 requirements after 1 and 2 years, but behaved like the larger group with any detectable C-peptide secretion in all other respects. Residual C-peptide secretion was lost after 1 year in 7 @entity1 , in whom glycaemic control during the year had been particularly poor. @entity2690 antibody titres were no different in the 2 groups at any time point. This study suggests that residual C-peptide secretion in longer standing @entity1723 confers the potential for limited improvements in glycaemic control. This effect appears to be insufficient to prevent the evolution of microvascular complications over a 2-year period. Residual C-peptide secretion and relative hyperinsulinaemia may be associated with an excess of @entity1095 .

title: The relevance of persistent C-peptide secretion in type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus to glycaemic control and XXXX complications.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity9208 :: ('MESH:D019270', 'Chemical') :: ['fructosamine']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Traditionally the therapy for @entity301 has been focused on the "how-to" problem. However, the clustering of cardiovascular events around the specific time of the day has been clarified. To solve the problems of the clustering would give us the clue to treat the @entity301 timely and in time. Therefore, the research has been stressed to solve "when-to" problem. The circadian variabilities in @entity301 has been clarified to be the function of the biologic time. Therefore, three problems were discussed in this paper. 1) The circadian variabilities in biology should be assessed based on the biologic zero hour rather than the mid-night of the mechanical clock. Our concept of the biologic zero hours has been proposed to answer this problem. 2) Daily health care with circadian order and harmony for the prevention of the coronary risk factors should be recommended as the prevention of the acute coronary risk factors as the trigger mechanism of the cardiovascular events. 3) The chronotherapy to chronic coronary risk factors such as @entity101 was discussed, In @entity101 the anti- @entity101 therapy should be customized individually adjusting the circadian variability of blood pressure with the proper selection of agents and time of the administration.

title: Chronotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the biological behaviour of an implant of @entity6497 eggshell in various animal models of facial bone reconstruction. The implant was first bioassayed in a @entity35 muscle pouch (n=10), and then tested as an interpositional graft in @entity35 (n=10) and @entity95 (n=5) @entity129 . It was finally used as an onlay graft on @entity95 mandibles (n=5). Animals were killed after two months in the bioassay, three months in the interpositional model, and six months in the onlay model. The specimens were studied by contact radiography and standard histological techniques. All animals showed normal wound-healing. In the bioassay, the implants produced only a minimal inflammatory reaction. In the interpositional model, the implants maintained a good contour, but there was no sign of graft-remodelling. In the onlay model, the grafts were stable and partly osteointegrated. The onlay graft model gave the most promising results. Because @entity6497 eggshell is inexpensive and has good mechanical properties, it deserves further study. Long-term studies will clarify its possible role in maxillofacial surgery.

title: XXXX eggshell as a bone substitute: a preliminary report of its biological behaviour in animals--a possibility in facial reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects']

answer: @entity6497 :: (8801,Species) :: ['Ostrich']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expression of @entity1192 -receptor antagonist is reduced in pancreatic islets of @entity1 with @entity6 , and high @entity413 concentrations induce the production of @entity1356 in @entity1 pancreatic beta cells, leading to @entity73 , decreased cell proliferation, and apoptosis. METHODS: In this double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 70 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , we randomly assigned 34 @entity1 to receive 100 mg of anakinra (a recombinant @entity1 @entity1192 -receptor antagonist) subcutaneously once daily for 13 weeks and 36 @entity1 to receive placebo. At baseline and at 13 weeks, all @entity1 underwent an oral @entity413 -tolerance test, followed by an intravenous bolus of 0.3 g of @entity413 per kilogram of body weight, 0.5 mg of glucagon, and 5 g of @entity369 . In addition, 35 @entity1 underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study. The primary end point was a change in the level of glycated hemoglobin, and secondary end points were changes in beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: At 13 weeks, in the anakinra group, the glycated hemoglobin level was 0.46 percentage point lower than in the placebo group (P=0.03); C-peptide secretion was enhanced (P=0.05), and there were reductions in the ratio of proinsulin to insulin (P=0.005) and in levels of @entity650 (P<0.001) and @entity1851 (P=0.002). Insulin resistance, insulin-regulated gene expression in skeletal muscle, serum adipokine levels, and the body-mass index were similar in the two study groups. Symptomatic @entity4053 was not observed, and there were no apparent drug-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The blockade of @entity1192 with anakinra improved glycemia and beta-cell secretory function and reduced markers of systemic @entity32 . (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00303394 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

title: @entity1192 -receptor antagonist in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretion']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many institutions have abandoned the routine for selective pelvic x- @entity16039 ( @entity16566 ) for initial imaging in blunt @entity130 @entity1 undergoing computed tomography (CT) scanning. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to examine the association between selective use of @entity16566 and time to diagnosis of (major) @entity174 , as well as prioritization of key immediate interventions (including hip @entity1416 ). METHODS: We conducted a 1-year review of early management of pelvic @entity174 @entity1 undergoing pelvic CT scanning. Time interval and sequence of initial imaging and key immediate interventions were recorded. RESULTS: Of 218 pelvic @entity174 @entity1 , 79 (36%) had no initial @entity16566 , and instead had an initial CT scan. Time to first pelvic imaging in those @entity1 was 48  min (standard deviation [SD]  =  47  min vs. 2  min [SD  =  6  min] with @entity16566 ; p  <  0.001). Of 40 @entity572 , 15 (38%) were detected first on CT scan. Overall, 22 (55%) required a second CT scan after reduction in the emergency department. No initial @entity16566 was performed in 42 of 120 (35%) pelvic ring @entity174 @entity1 and in 16 of 61 (26%) unstable pelvic ring @entity174 . @entity1416 was longer in 4 @entity1 without initial  @entity16566 than in 14 @entity1 with @entity16566 (296  min [SD  =  206  min] vs. 170  min [SD  =  76  min], respectively, p  =  0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Selective @entity16566 was associated with a significant delay in recognition of (major) @entity174 , including those with associated @entity572 and (potential) pelvic @entity548 . @entity16566 remains a useful screening tool to rapidly determine the need for immediate interventions and  to allow early planning before CT scanning.

title: Importance of Pelvic Radiography for Initial XXXX Assessment: An Orthopedic Perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['Time to pelvic arterial embolization', 'reduction and pelvic arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocations']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: 1. A quantitative analysis of facilitation during the kindling stimulation to the amygdala was conducted by measuring the area between the excitatory potential and the baseline in the averaged tetanic response recorded at the entorhinal cortex. The changes in facilitation were then compared with the development of electrographic afterdischarges (AD) and behavioral @entity410 in response to successive kindling stimulations. 2. Kindling train pulses (n = 99 or 100; duration: 0.5 ms; frequency: 10 Hz; intensity: AD threshold) were applied to conscious @entity35 until at least one generalized @entity410 occurred or until 13 stimuli were delivered. 3. Facilitation of the entorhinal responses by kindling stimulation first occurred in the monosynaptic excitatory component and was then followed by a progressive increase in the polysynaptic component that was manifested as the later negative peaks. A clear progressive enhancement was observed in the facilitation by successive kindling stimulations, which also induced prolongation of the AD duration and progression of the @entity410 stages, indicating that activity-dependent enhancement of facilitation (EF) occurred during the progression of @entity302 . 4. Quantitative analysis revealed that the EF that occurred with the progression of @entity410 stages was statistically significant (P < 0.001, Friedman test). The AD duration (r = 0.89) and the long-term potentiation (r = 0.85) of the entorhinal responses by single test amygdala stimuli showed a very good linear relation to the EF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of synaptic facilitation during the progression of XXXX by amygdala stimulations.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['kindling epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['kindling epilepsy']


abstract: Despite accumulating information about cytokine expression in vitro, relatively little is known about the regulation and biologic relevance of these mediators in vivo. In order to study the effects of inhibition of protein synthesis and @entity205 in vivo, we made use of systemically administered LPS, which induces the expression of a variety of cytokines. The expression of @entity60 and @entity637 mRNA in normal and LPS-treated @entity19 was examined by Northern blot analysis and amplification using the polymerase chain reaction. @entity60 activity was monitored using the biologic end point of MHC induction. @entity637 activity in serum was assessed using a L929 @entity137 assay. Messenger RNA for @entity60 and @entity637 could not be reliably detected by Northern analysis in spleens or kidneys of normal @entity19 . After treatment with @entity1880 , a protein synthesis inhibitor, @entity60 and @entity637 mRNA could be detected in both sites in otherwise normal @entity19 . The level of both @entity60 and @entity637 mRNA increased after LPS, although the temporal patterns of expression were different. The concurrent administration of @entity1880 led to marked superinduction of both cytokine mRNA levels. Similar effects were seen in T cell-deficient @entity19 , suggesting that these responses are T cell independent. @entity205 blocked induction of @entity60 in a dose dependent manner, but failed to significantly inhibit @entity637 mRNA or protein expression. Thus at least part of the immunosuppressive effect of @entity205 in vivo may be caused by its ability to inhibit the expression of certain cytokine genes, as has been found in vitro systems. However, the cellular target for this effect may extend to cell populations other than T cells.

title: Regulation of @entity60 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression in vivo. Effects of @entity1880 and XXXX in normal and lipopolysaccharide-treated @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine', 'cyclosporin A', 'Cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: A biophysical description of the axotomized @entity35 sympathetic neuron is reported, obtained by the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique in mature, intact superior cervical ganglia in vitro. Multiple aspects of neuron functioning were tested. Synaptic conductance activated by the whole presynaptic input decreased to 29% of the control value (0.92 muS per neuron) 1 day after axotomy and to 18% after 3 days. Despite the decrease in amplitude of the macroscopic current, miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) mean conductance, @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) equilibrium potential, and EPSC decay time constant were unaffected. Synaptic efficacy was tested during paired-pulse or maintained stimulation (5, 10, and 15 Hz, 10-s duration). Quantal release in axotomized neurons was preserved during the @entity116 despite the reduction of the initial EPSC amplitude, suggesting that @entity1617 secretion depended on the number of surviving synapses; each of them exhibited dynamic behavior during trains similar to that of normal synapses. Facilitation of EPSC amplitude was noted in 2-day axotomized neurons during the first few impulses in the train. Voltage-dependent @entity972 currents (the delayed I(KD) and the transient I(A)) exhibited an early drastic decrease in peak amplitude; these effects persisted 7 days after axotomy. Marked changes in I(A) kinetics occurred after injury: the steady-state inactivation curve shifted by up to +17 mV toward positive potentials and the voltage sensitivity of inactivation removal became steeper. I(A) impairment was reflected in a reduced inward threshold charge for discharge and reduced spike repolarization rate. Synaptic and somatic data were applied in a mathematical model to describe the progressive decrease in the safety factor, and the eventual failure of ganglionic transmission after axotomy.

title: Synaptic and somatic effects of axotomy in the intact, innervated XXXX sympathetic neuron.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a retrospective analysis to assess the durability of benefit derived from irradiation after prostatectomy for pT3N0 disease, and the possibility of cure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied 88 @entity1 who were irradiated after prostatectomy and had available @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) data, no known nodal or metastatic disease, no hormonal treatment, and follow-up of at least 12 months from surgery. Forty @entity1 received adjuvant therapy for a high risk of local failure with undetectable @entity1486 . Forty-eight @entity1 received salvage therapy for elevated @entity1486 levels. Mean follow up was 44 months from date of surgery and 31 months from irradiation. Biochemical failure was strictly defined as a confirmed rise in @entity1486 of >10%, or as the ability to detect a previously undetectable @entity1486 value. RESULTS: After salvage irradiation, 69% of @entity1 attained an undetectable @entity1486 . Eighty-eight percent of adjuvant @entity1 were biochemically and clinically free of disease (bNED) at 3 years from prostatectomy. Sixty-eight percent of those receiving salvage irradiation were bNED 3 years after surgery. On univariate analysis, treatment group (adjuvant or salvage), pre-operative @entity1486 , and the status of seminal vesicles were significant prognostic factors. The extent of @entity1486 elevation in the salvage group was also significant. We did not demonstrate a significant difference between those salvage @entity1 referred for persistently elevated @entity1486 as compared to those with a late rise in @entity1486 . On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictor of outcome was treatment group, with adjuvant irradiation having better outcome than salvage. CONCLUSION: More than two-thirds of this group of @entity1 remain biochemically disease free at 3 years following irradiation, attesting to a number of potential cures. For @entity1 with stage pT3N0 @entity263 following radical prostatectomy, our data support the use of either routine postoperative adjuvant irradiation or close @entity1486 follow-up with early salvage treatment.

title: Adjuvant and salvage irradiation following radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: Enlarged pituitary gland has been reported in @entity161 , possibly reflecting @entity2915 . The aim of the present study was to examine whether individuals at risk of @entity716 also have similar changes. METHODS: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the pituitary volume in 22 individuals with @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ; 11 male, 11 female), 64 first-episode @entity1 with @entity161 (FESz; 37 male, 27 female), and 86 healthy controls. The control subjects were divided into age- and gender-matched controls for @entity1032 (11 male, 11 female) and FESz (37 male, 27 female). RESULTS: Both the @entity1032 and FESz groups had a larger pituitary volume compared with matched controls, but no difference was found between the @entity1032 and FESz subjects. There was no association between the pituitary volume and clinical variables (symptommeasures at scanning, daily dosage or duration of antipsychotic medication) in either clinical group. The pituitary volume did not differ significantly between the @entity1032 individuals who later developed @entity161 (n   =   5) and those who did not (n   =   17). The pituitary volume was larger in @entity1 than in @entity1 for all diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION: The finding of increased pituitary volume in both @entity1032 and FESz subjects may reflect a common vulnerability to stress in early @entity716 . Further work in a larger @entity1032 sample is required to examine the possible relationship between pituitary volume and emergence of @entity716 .

title: Increased pituitary volume in subjects at risk for XXXX and @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['at-risk mental state', 'ARMS']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the contribution of Borneolum syntheticum to the intervention effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill (, LDP) on experimental @entity2000 , and initially investigate the mechanism of Borneolum syntheticum as meridian-lead-in drug. METHODS: A total of 180 @entity21426 -induced @entity528 @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups, including distilled water group, LDP group, and LDP+Borneolum syntheticum (LDP+BS) group. Twenty normal @entity35 were fed regularly without any treatment as normal control. On day 7 and 14 after treatment, histopathological study and transferasemediated @entity9342 - @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL) test were performed to evaluate the @entity989 . @entity22677 expression at blood-retina barrier (BRB) was detected by Western blot at different time points from 0.5 to 8 h after gavage. RESULTS: On day 7 and 14 after treatment, the @entity989 grades were signifificantly different among the three groups (P<0.05). The grade in the LDP+BS group was signifificantly less than the LDP and distilled water groups (both P<0.05), no signifificant difference was observed between the LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). The apoptosis rates in the LDP+BS group was signifificantly less than the distilled water and LDP groups (both P<0.05), while there was no signifificant difference between LDP and distilled water groups (P>0.05). Expression of @entity22677 in LDP+BS group was signifificantly less than the other two groups at 0.5, 1 and 2 h after gavage (P<0.05). There was no apparent difference among the three groups at 4 and 8 h after gavage (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Borneolum syntheticum could strengthen the effect of LDP on experimental @entity2000 , indicated that Borneolum syntheticum might play the role of meridian-lead-in drug in the formula. The mechanism may be due to Borneolum syntheticum could promote the physiologically openness of blood-retina barrier through transiently affecting the expression of @entity22677 .

title: Contribution of Borneolum syntheticum to the intervention effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill () on experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity21426 :: ('MESH:C032285', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium iodate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal lesion']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['retinital degeneration']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['retinal degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of phototherapy in lowering serum @entity648 levels in neonates varies inversely with the rate and degree of @entity2142 . Combining this therapy with @entity2313 perfusion could enhance its effectiveness. This study examines total, unconjugated and unbound fractions of @entity648 in @entity1 treated by phototherapy alone or by phototherapy plus @entity2313 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The files of 211 neonates treated from January 1990 to March 1991 for @entity4837 were analysed. @entity1087 was due to @entity6910 incompatibility in 113 cases and @entity14451 in 6 cases; its cause was unknown in 92 @entity1 . Other causes of @entity1087 such as @entity34372 , @entity3465 before 34 gestational weeks and neonatal infections were excluded from the study. All 211 neonates were given phototherapy from admission with similar light energy. 114 babies (group I) received only phototherapy, while the 97 others (group II) were also given @entity1 @entity2313 , (1.5 g/kg), during the first 2 hours of phototherapy. RESULTS: The decrease in serum unconjugated and unbound @entity648 after 4 hours of phototherapy was 34% in group I and 45% in group II (p < 0.0005). There was no difference between both groups after 24 hours of phototherapy. Other factors such as the initial concentration of serum unconjugated and unbound @entity648 , age at the onset of therapy, and ethnic skin color also influenced the decrease in @entity648 after 4 and 24 hours of phototherapy, in addition to @entity2313 perfusion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2313 perfusion plus phototherapy appears to induce a rapid and early decrease in unconjugated, unbound @entity648 , the fraction that is potentially @entity2359 , while phototherapy alone acts over a longer period.

title: [The effect of XXXX @entity2313 in association with intensive phototherapy in the management of @entity4837 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'Jaundice']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['severe neonatal jaundice']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity14451 :: ('MESH:D000745', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity34372 :: ('MESH:C562717', 'Disease') :: ['Rh incompatibility']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity991 often occurs in association with @entity29 , particularly @entity31 but also @entity30 . Little data exist as to the effect of @entity29 on the presenting symptoms, radiological features, response to liver transplantation, and potential risk of @entity1126 in individuals with @entity991 . In an effort to answer these questions, 66 @entity1 with @entity991 were studied. The definitive diagnosis of @entity991 in each was accomplished using cholangiography, which in each case demonstrated characteristic beading, @entity4122 and stricturing of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. @entity29 was present in 47 (71.2%) @entity1 . Thirty nine (59.1%) had @entity31 ; their mean age was 42.5 +/- 11.6 yr (mean +/- SD), and the male/female ratio was 2.9:1. In addition, eight @entity1 (12.1%) had @entity30 ; their mean age was 40.5 +/- 6.5 yr, and the male/female ratio of this group was 1:1. Nineteen @entity1 (28.8%) had @entity991 without any @entity29 ; their mean age was 42.0 +/- 12.1 yr, and the male/female ratio in this group was 0.72:1. Seventy-two percent of the @entity1 without @entity29 had either @entity1087 , @entity111 or @entity1295 at presentation compared with 41% of the @entity1 with @entity29 (p less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity409 tests were more common as the first manifestation of @entity409 in the latter group (38% vs. 11%; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Does XXXX occurring in association with @entity29 differ from that occurring in the absence of @entity29 ? A study of sixty-six subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease of the colon either with or without terminal ileal disease", "Crohn's colitis"]

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oral care plays an inevitable role in health and well-being of @entity1 in intensive care units (ICUs). Poor oral care causes colonization of respiratory pathogens and secondary @entity1729 . @entity2489 occurs in @entity1 on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. It results in prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality and health expenses. The present study aimed to review the effects of an oral care practice on the incidence of @entity2489 in @entity1 on mechanical ventilation admitted in ICUs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a clinical trial study conducted in the ICUs of selected hospitals in Isfahan during 2010. We randomly divided 54 @entity1 into the intervention and control groups. Intubation was performed during the 48 hours before the study. The intervention group received an oral care practice along with brushing and the control group received routine oral care twice daily. The incidence of @entity2489 was diagnosed through clinical @entity358 score (CPIS). FINDINGS: The two groups were compared in terms of underlying criteria (APACHE-II). The incidence of @entity2489 did not statistically differ between the intervention and control groups (37% vs. 48.1%; p = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed that brushing and standard oral care practice had no effects on @entity2489 . Therefore, the incidence of such complication might be affected by many different factors.

title: The effects of an oral care practice on incidence of pneumonia among ventilator XXXX in ICUs of selected hospitals in Isfahan, 2010.

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['Ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Immunotherapy (IT) was performed for 12 months with a purified and standardized preparation of @entity8786 . Twenty adults with @entity7370 sensitive to house-dust mite were given IT, and a similar group of 11 @entity1 served as open controls. A total of 512 injections were given. Twenty-eight episodes of @entity56 side-effects occurred, 13 general and 15 local, most of them during the initial incremental dose period. No severe reactions started later than 30 min after the injection. One @entity1 suffered anaphylactic shock. In this patient, specific antibodies fell immediately, followed by an increase within 1 week. The therapy group improved significantly in relation to the open controls in @entity1 ' subjective evaluation of symptoms (P < 0.028) and skin (P < 0.0001) and conjunctival (P < 0.001) sensitivity. Specific IgE increased in controls (P < 0.0001) but not in IT-treated @entity1 during the "mite season"; that is, there was a significant difference in change during the observation period (P < 0.0001). There was also a difference in change of specific IgG between the groups during the first 4-5 months and the whole year (P < 0.0001), but not from 4-5 months to 12 months. In contrast to changes in antibody titers (IgG, P = 0.04), changes in conjunctival (P < 0.01) and especially skin sensitivity (P < 0.005) correlated well with subjective improvement. This implies that the skin prick test and the conjunctival test can be recommended for follow-up of IT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of immunotherapy with a purified standardized allergen preparation of @entity8786 in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['perennial allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A wide variety of @entity1487 (FU)-plus-leucovorin (LV) dose schedules are in clinical use for the treatment of advanced @entity14 . Only the monthly low-dose LV-plus-FU regimen, as used by the North Central @entity5 Treatment Group, has demonstrated a lasting survival benefit as opposed to FU alone (J Clin Oncol 1989; 7: 1407-1417). The Swiss @entity5 Group adopted this regimen for a confirmatory phase III trial but used the same dose-intensity of @entity1487 in both treatment arms. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or metastatic @entity14 were randomized to receive monthly FU 400 mg/m2/day plus LV 20 mg/m2/day as intravenous push daily for five days, or FU alone. RESULTS: Three hundred nine of the 310 @entity1 randomized were eligible and included in the analysis. The objective response rate for @entity1 with measurable disease was 9% with FU alone and 22% with FU-plus-LV (P = 0.0001). The median progression-free survival was 3.9 versus 6.2 months (P = 0.003) and the overall survival 10 versus 12.4 months (P = 0.02). The major prognostic factors for survival were performance status, @entity353 , and disease symptoms. WHO > 2 @entity137 , consisting of @entity3136 (P = 0.001), @entity294 (P = 0.001), and @entity390 (P = 0.001), was more pronounced for FU-plus-LV, without fatal events. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest published randomized trial to compare FU-plus-LV to FU alone in advanced @entity14 . It confirms the survival benefit obtained from biomodulating monthly FU with low-dose LV. The toxic effects of FU-plus-LV were acceptable to most @entity1 , and they responded well to FU dose reductions. In the absence of an ideal dose-intense FU monotherapy regimen, monthly FU with low-dose LV provides a simple and economical means by which to achieve adequate FU efficacy in the treatment of advanced @entity14 .

title: The impact of adding low-dose leucovorin to monthly @entity1487 in advanced @entity14 : results of a phase III trial. Swiss Group for Clinical XXXX Research (SAKK).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We report on a @entity1 who appeared to demonstrate neural reorganization after @entity542 resulting in bilateral @entity130 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old male @entity1 and 8 control subjects were recruited. The @entity1 had undergone @entity542 as the result of a car accident and had lost consciousness for 30 min. Brain magnetic resonance imaging, performed 3 years after the @entity542 , showed no evidence of abnormality. RESULTS: Discontinuation of both crus in the proximal region was observed on diffusion tensor tractography of the fornix. In the right fornix, an abnormal neural tract originating from the right crus passed through the splenium of the corpus callosum to connect with the right @entity75 . By contrast, in the left fornix, another abnormal neural tract originating from the left column passed through the left @entity75 and the splenium of the corpus callosum. None of these abnormal neural tracts was observed in normal subjects. CONCLUSION: We presume that the abnormal neural tracts of the fornix observed in this @entity1 were the result of neural reorganization triggered by bilateral @entity130 . The results of this study suggest a mechanism for recovery of the injured fornix following @entity542 .

title: Neural reorganization following bilateral XXXX in a @entity1 with traumatic brain injury.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior longitudinal fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the fornix crus']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury of the fornix crus']


abstract: PURPOSE: This paper is to determine the clinicopathological features and outcome of @entity1 with @entity0 seen at a single institution. @entity1 AND METHODS: We have reviewed data on 14 @entity1 with @entity0 seen at our institution from 1990 to 2003. RESULTS: All @entity1 were female, with a median age of 47.6 years. @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) was observed in 9 cases, while follicular, Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, MALT and @entity784 were observed in 1 case each. 5 @entity1 (35.7%) had stage IE disease, 6 @entity1 (42.9%) had stage IIE disease and 3 @entity1 (21.4%) had stage IV disease. Standard @entity3726 with or without rituximab was given to all @entity1 with aggressive @entity0 (n = 10), while 1 @entity1 with @entity2109 received a @entity3726 -based regimen. The 3-year actuarial survival estimate among all 11 @entity1 with aggressive @entity0 was 73%. Among those with localized disease, the estimated 3-year survival was 90%. The actuarial 3-year overall survival (OS) estimate for the entire cohort of 14 @entity1 was 76.9%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity0 is not associated with an inferior outcome when treated with standard @entity3726 -based chemotherapy.

title: XXXX : favorable prognosis after treatment with standard combination chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast lymphoma']


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity75 with @entity15206 and chronic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis ( @entity16282 ) are reviewed. In 19 @entity1 , the onset was within the first 4 months of life. Most @entity1 had normal head circumference at birth, but 21 developed microcephaly between 3 and 12 months. Neuroimaging showed severe and progressive @entity1010 in all @entity1 . The extent and intensity of the calcification was variable even in the same sibship. @entity15206 persisted beyond 12 months of age in 7 @entity1 . High levels of interferon-alpha were found in serum and CSF in 14 @entity1 . The higher CSF levels suggest intrathecal synthesis. Tubuloreticular inclusions related to the presence of interferon were found in 4 additional @entity1 . The 19 @entity1 still alive (6 older than 10 years) are profoundly disabled. However, the syndrome may present with individual variations in severity, rapidity of evolution, and imaging features. Neuropathological examination in 2 @entity1 failed to detect significant inflammatory lesions and showed only foci of @entity39 and wide-spread @entity17 . This study supports an autosomal recessive inheritance for this syndrome. The high level of interferon-alpha is not explained but may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disorder.

title: XXXX : an update and results of interferon-alpha studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['Aicardi-Gouti  res syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['familial encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['CSF lymphocytosis', 'calcification of the basal ganglia']

answer: @entity16282 :: (MESH:D058540,Disease) :: ['Aicardi-Gouti  res syndrome']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of disease severity and demonstrable organ damage as risk factors for the development of @entity170 in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). Sixty-four @entity1252 @entity1 were included. Mean disease duration was 7.7 +/- 5.7 y. Thirty-two @entity1 had persistent organ damage, defined as SLICC-ACR damage score > or = 1. Disease activity measured by @entity804 -2 ranged from 3 to 27. @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements were performed with dual X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, biochemical markers of bone metabolism were studied. @entity79 was inversely correlated with disease duration, damage score and cumulative glucocorticoid intake, but no correlation was found for current glucocortioid use or with markers of bone metabolism. In a multivariate analysis, body weight, disease duration and damage index fitted best for the prediction of @entity79 at both lumbar spine and femoral neck. Seven out of 64 @entity1 had @entity170 according to WHO criteria. In conclusion, severe @entity170 is uncommon in @entity1252 @entity1 . Disease activity and severity were no major risk factors for loss of @entity79 in this study, but persistent non-bone-related organ damage was significantly linked to the presence of @entity170 measured as decreased @entity79 . Our data suggest that, in addition to @entity1 receiving glucocorticoids, @entity1 with an SLICC-ACR > or = 1 or a disease duration > or = 7 y might benefit from regular monitoring of @entity79 as secondary prevention of damage.

title: XXXX screening in @entity1252 : impact of disease duration and organ damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of @entity170 is observed in @entity30 . Recent data have shown that homocysteinaemia is an important risk factor in @entity79 and @entity174 . AIM: To look for an association between homocysteinaemia and @entity79 in @entity30 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive @entity1 (sex ratio M/F 0.87; mean age: 36.6 +/- 13.2 years) were recruited between 2003 and 2005. Bone densitometry was performed on inclusion. The following parameters were analysed: age, sex, @entity30 Activity Index, duration and extent of @entity30 , smoking status, corticosteroid treatment, immunosuppressive drugs, plasma @entity1255 , @entity1501 and @entity2186 concentration. RESULTS: The prevalence of a high @entity1255 level (>15 micromol/L) was 60%. @entity170 and @entity79 observed in 26 (28%), and 60 (65%) @entity1 , respectively. On a multivariate analysis, associated factors for @entity170 and @entity79 were respectively: hyperhomocysteinaemia (OR: 61.4; CI: 95: 23-250; P < 0.001), and ileal @entity30 [OR: 13.8; CI: 95: 2.5-150; P = 0.036] for @entity170 and hyperhomocysteinaemia [OR: 63.7; CI: 95: 8.5-250; P < 0.001] and disease duration of at least 5 years [OR: 11.4; CI: 95: 1.31-99; P = 0.039] for @entity79 . Results were similar whichever site @entity170 was detected. CONCLUSION: Hyperhomocysteinaemia was observed in 60% of our @entity30 @entity1 and was strongly associated with @entity79 and @entity170 (OR: 61.4).

title: Hyperhomocysteinaemia is associated with XXXX in @entity1 with @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['low-bone mineralization']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's Disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The mechanism of the antiproliferation effect of @entity11667 and @entity8037 was studied using a cell culture system of @entity19 FM3A cells. The addition of either 10 mM @entity11667 or 2 mM @entity8037 to the growth medium containing 0.9 mM @entity1025 greatly inhibited cell growth (more than 90%). A decrease in the @entity1025 concentration to 50 microM in the growth medium, but without the @entity4664 addition, did not influence cell growth. However, the concentrations of @entity11667 and @entity8037 necessary for the inhibition of cell growth when cells were cultured in the presence of 50 microM @entity1025 were much smaller (2 mM @entity11667 and 0.15 mM @entity8037 ). Nevertheless, the amount of @entity4663 accumulating in cells which could cause the inhibition of cell growth was almost the same, regardless of the large difference in the added @entity4664 concentrations. At the early stage of @entity4664 accumulation, the inhibition of cell growth correlated with the decrease of @entity1025 content, but not with a decrease of the @entity855 content. The decrease in @entity1025 content correlated well with the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, especially protein synthesis. Thus, the inhibition of cell growth at the early stage of @entity4664 accumulation was thought to be due to the inactivation of ribosomes through the replacement of @entity1025 on @entity1760 -binding sites by @entity4663 . The decrease in @entity1025 content was mainly caused by the inhibition of @entity1025 transport by @entity4663 . At the later stage of @entity4664 accumulation, a decrease in @entity855 content was also observed. This was followed by swelling of the mitochondria, which may be a symptom of the subsequent cell death.

title: Correlation between the inhibition of cell growth by accumulated XXXX and the decrease of @entity1760 and @entity855 .

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: We investigated the sensitivity of transitional cell @entity189 cells, derived from the @entity1 bladder, to lymphokine activated killer cells. Recombinant @entity1199 activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied for their ability to mediate the cytolysis of a panel of four established @entity1 @entity150 cell lines. Lymphokine activated killer activity was assessed using a standard four hour @entity3407 release assay. All four @entity150 cell lines proved to be susceptible to lymphokine activated killer mediated cytolysis. This was found to be dependent upon the dose of cytokine and upon the duration of the activation period. The four cell lines were differentially susceptible to lysis (specific @entity137 at effector to target ratio of 40:1; RT112 = 22.9%, RT4 = 49.2%, MGH-U1 = 49.1%, EJ18 = 62.3%). The varying susceptibility of lymphokine activated killer mediated @entity137 was found to be independent of the histological grade of the parent @entity5 or the donor of effector cells. Both interferon-alpha and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha also elicited lymphokine activated killer cell activity, although the maximum specific @entity137 achieved was considerably lower than that obtained with @entity1199 alone. @entity1199 , at optimal concentration, and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha were found to behave synergistically in the generation of lymphokine activated killer effectors. However, concentrations of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha higher than 100 Uml.-1 resulted in a decrease in specific @entity137 . These findings suggest a possible use of adoptive immunotherapy in @entity1 @entity150 and indicate the optimum conditions for the generation of such effector cells.

title: An investigation of factors influencing the in vitro induction of LAK activity against a variety of XXXX @entity150 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder transitional cell carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-2', 'Interleukin-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Positron emission tomography (PET) has proven useful in @entity302 surgery for its ability to identify unilateral temporal hypometabolism (UTH), which is predictive of good surgical outcome. The significance of bilateral temporal hypometabolism (BTH) is not known. METHODS: We identified all @entity1 who had marked bilateral reduction in temporal lobe metabolism relative to the cerebellar hemispheres and compared their clinical features and treatment outcomes with those of control @entity1 with UTH. RESULTS: BTH was evident in 10% of PET scans for @entity302 at our institution. We compared these @entity1 with age-matched controls with UTH. The BTH @entity1 had a higher percentage of generalized @entity410 ; were more likely to have bilateral, diffuse or extratemporal @entity410 onsets; and had bilateral or diffuse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. UTH @entity1 were more likely to have unilateral mesial temporal atrophy on MRI. Even when electrical @entity410 onsets were well localized, surgical outcomes were markedly worse in these @entity1 than in controls. Medical treatment was also less successful. Social and cognitive functioning was worse in the BTH group. The only death occurred in the group with BTH. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with BTH have features distinct from those with UTH and have a worse prognosis for @entity410 remission after surgery.

title: Bilateral temporal hypometabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of aquatic exercise on pressure @entity158 threshold in @entity0 survivors with hormone therapy-associated @entity4841 . DESIGN: Single-blind, controlled trial. SETTING: Two major metropolitan hospitals and a Sport and @entity11028 Club in Granada, Spain. SUBJECTS: Forty @entity1 aged 29-71 years with @entity0 who reported @entity4841 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 were allocated alternately to either aquatic exercise in a chest-high pool or usual care while on the waiting list; control @entity1 received treatment later. The two-month hydrotherapy intervention consisted of 24 sessions 3 days per week. Each session included 5 minutes of warm-up, 15-20 minutes of aerobic exercise, 15 minutes of mobility exercise and 20 minutes of recovery techniques. MAIN MEASURES: Pressure @entity158 threshold at neck, shoulder, hand and leg were evaluated as primary outcomes. @entity5 , as measured by the Piper Fatigue Scale, body mass index and waist circumference were secondary outcomes. A 2   2 repeated-measure ANCOVA was used in this study. RESULTS: No adverse events or development of worsening of @entity158 was observed. Almost all the @entity1 in the intervention group (89%) adhered to the hydrotherapy programme. @entity1 experienced a decrease in pressure @entity158 threshold measured in neck, hand, shoulder and leg, as measured by algometry pressure, and waist circumference; all P < 0.05. @entity5 (P = 0.06) and body mass index (P = 0.42) did not show significant improvement. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hydrotherapy in a chest-high pool may reduce the @entity158 threshold and waist circumference in @entity0 survivors with hormone therapy-associated @entity4841 .

title: Aquatic exercise in a chest-high pool for hormone therapy-induced @entity4841 in XXXX survivors: a pragmatic controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I-III breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer-related fatigue']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A 32-year-old female was diagnosed as having @entity12297 -positive @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) on March 6, 1985. She was intermittently treated with @entity1863 or @entity4446 . Her regimen was changed on February 27, 1987 to interferon-alpha (HLBI, Sumitomo) because of @entity491 (46,200/microliters) with basophilia (45%) and @entity381 refractory to conventional therapy. She was admitted to our hospital on November 27, 1987 because of @entity3935 . Cytogenetic analysis on peripheral cells was repeated six times during the treatment with HLBI. The sixth analysis was done on bone marrow cells as well. Nineteen to 22 metaphases were analyzed by the trypsin G-banding method after short-term culture. Cytogenetic analysis of peripheral cells revealed 46, XX, @entity12297 in 9% of metaphases and 47, XX, @entity12297 , +8, i(17q) in 91% on March 2, 1987, and 47, XX, @entity12297 , +8, i(17q) in 95.2% of metaphases and 48, XX, @entity12297 , +8, i(17q), +19 in 4.8% on December 11, 1987. Karyotypes of bone marrow cells on December 11, 1987 were 48, XX, @entity12297 , +8, +8, 4(17q) in 73.7% of metaphases and 47, XX, @entity12297 , +8, i(17q) in 26.3%. It was speculated that abnormal clones might have developed in other sites than bone marrow.

title: [Discrepancy in karyotypes between peripheral blood and bone marrow during XXXX in @entity1860 ].

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['blastic crisis']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity3935 :: (MESH:D013958,Disease) :: ['blastic crisis']


abstract: Moderate @entity3562 may be a risk factor for @entity1095 ( @entity1095 ). In order to develop @entity1095 at an early age risk factors are more strongly expressed and @entity3562 may be one such factor. @entity1255 is derived from @entity1853 and is metabolised by @entity3959 -synthase to @entity3959 or remethylated to @entity1853 . @entity3959 -synthase activity is dependent on @entity2245 while the remethylation of @entity1255 is dependent on @entity2186 and @entity1501 . The present study analyses @entity1255 in @entity1 operated on for lower extremity ischaemia before the age of 50. @entity1255 before and after loading with @entity1853 , @entity2245 , @entity48290 and @entity1501 were measured at follow-up. The @entity1 were compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Significantly more @entity1 than controls had @entity3562 , 16/58 vs. 4/65, defined as fasting total @entity1255 above 18.6 mumol/l. Loading with @entity1853 did not further discriminate between @entity1 and controls. Smoking @entity1 had higher levels of @entity1255 than non-smoking @entity1 or smoking and non-smoking controls. Smoking @entity1 also had lower levels of @entity2245 . When comparing @entity1 with suprainguinal, infrainguinal and multilevel disease the highest @entity1255 levels were seen in the latter group. Also, in this group smoking @entity1 had higher @entity1255 levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1255 was associated with low levels of @entity2186 , @entity1501 and smoking. Smoking therefore seems to be connected to increased @entity1255 levels in @entity1 with early development of @entity731 , partly explained by decreased levels of B6, B12 and @entity1501 .

title: @entity3562 in XXXX operated for lower extremity ischaemia below the age of 50--effect of smoking and extent of disease.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3959 :: ('MESH:D003540', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystathionine', 'cystathionine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The possibility that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while the level of its @entity413 uptake activity is relatively low, may offer a useful tool for studying the cause for @entity1300 ( @entity1300 )-induced "lipolytic response" was studied. It was established first, that @entity1300 causes reduction of @entity413 uptake, one of the hallmark events of the lipolytic process. Then the function of c- @entity19640 was investigated. The antisense c- @entity19640 oligonucleotide decreased the inhibitory action of @entity1300 on @entity413 uptake activity in a sequence specific manner. Since antisense oligonucleotides are known to own their blocking effects to their ability to reduce translation of proteins, Western blotting analysis was performed to verify their effectiveness. As expected, the treatment of pre-adipocytes with antisense c- @entity19640 oligonucleotide reduced c- @entity19640 in a sequence specific manner. The treatment of antisense c- @entity19640 oligonucleotide alone was sufficient to diminish the inhibitory action of @entity1300 on @entity413 uptake activity in 3T3-L1 cells, indicating that c- @entity19640 is somehow involved in the action of @entity1300 . In a similar manner, the contribution of @entity9830 was investigated using antisense @entity9830 oligonucleotide, since @entity9830 is known to be one of the most affected proteins by c- @entity19640 activation among AP-1 members. The treatment of antisense @entity9830 oligonucleotide did not block the effect of @entity1300 on @entity413 uptake activity in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, it is unlikely that @entity9830 is very important in the lipolytic signal transduction of @entity1300 mediated through c- @entity19640 . In order to determine the relationship between c- @entity19640 and c-Myc in the mitotic signal transduction pathway, the effect of antisense c-myc oligonucleotide was investigated. Basically the same result as antisense c- @entity19640 oligonucleotide experiment was obtained thereby, suggesting the importance of c-Myc as well as c- @entity19640 in the signal transduction of @entity1300 . To show the effect of antisense c-myc oligonucleotide treatment, the level of c-Myc protein by Western blotting and electrophoretic gel-mobility shift assay was assessed. However, antisense c-myc oligonucleotide treatment increased the activity of c-Myc in a sequence specific manner. This may be the result of cellular compensatory response to the initial suppression of c-Myc by antisense treatment. The observation that antisense @entity9830 oligonucleotide could not block the effect of @entity1300 indicates that this preadipocyte model is different from the adipocyte differentiation model.

title: @entity1300 ( @entity1300 )-induced down-regulation of XXXX transporting activities in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocyte.

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long term neurodevelopmental outcome of premature @entity1 exposed to either gram- negative @entity295 (GNS) or neonatal @entity295 (NCS), and to compare their outcome with premature @entity1 without @entity295 . METHODS: Historical cohort study in a population of @entity1 born at <30 weeks gestation and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam during the period 1997-2007. Outcome of @entity1 exposed to GNS or NCS and 120 randomly chosen uncomplicated controls (UC) from the same NICU were compared. Clinical data during hospitalization and neurodevelopmental outcome data (clinical neurological status; Bayley-test results and vision/hearing test results) at the corrected age of 24 months were collected. An association model with @entity295 as the central determinant of either good or adverse outcome ( @entity204 or severe @entity245 ) was made, corrected for confounders using multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 1362 @entity1 , 55 suffered from GNS and 29 suffered from NCS; cumulative incidence 4.2% and 2.2%, respectively. During the follow-up period the mortality rate was 34% for both GNS and NCS and 5% for UC. The adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) [95% CI] for adverse outcome in the GNS group compared to the NCS group was 1.4 [0.4-4.9]. The adjusted ORs [95% CI] for adverse outcome in the GNS and @entity34834 groups compared to the UC group were 4.8 [1.5-15.9] and 3.2 [0.7-14.7], respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found no statistically significant difference in outcome at the corrected age of 24 months between neonatal GNS and NCS cases. Suffering from either gram-negative or @entity295 increased the odds for adverse outcome compared with an uncomplicated neonatal period.

title: Neonatal gram negative and XXXX survival and neurodevelopmental outcome at the corrected age of 24 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Candida sepsis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Candida sepsis']