abstract: The demand for @entity66 clinics (PLCs) is increasing in view of improved @entity1489 awareness following public health education campaigns. These clinics offer an effective way of screening a large number of @entity1 . However, there is no evidence, as yet, that they have an impact on mortality due to @entity320 . With the lack of follow-up inherent to these busy screening clinics, there is some concern that @entity320 may be missed. This study reports on 7874 @entity1 visits to a PLC in a teaching hospital between 1985 and 1994. In total, 1705 biopsies were performed over the 9-year period. Lesions were more likely to be biopsied in @entity1 compared with @entity1 . The yield for picking @entity320 was one in 36 @entity1 visits. The mean age of @entity1 attending the PLC was 10 years less than the mean age for population-based @entity320 . @entity320 thickness did not significantly change over the 9-year period. Only 0.2% of @entity1 (14 cases) re-presented to the PLC for a second or third visit with a final diagnosis of @entity320 , but for five of these @entity1 , the interval between the two visits was over 2 years. Most of these 're-attending' @entity320 were @entity75 . PLCs offer a fast, safe and efficient service for the screening of @entity66 but their role in reducing mortality due to @entity320 remains to be established. It is likely that these clinics have an important role in terms of public health education regarding sun avoidance and early recognition of @entity1489 .

title: @entity320 yield, number of biopsies and missed XXXX in a British teaching hospital @entity66 clinic: a 9-year retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions', 'pigmented lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['early lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'Melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possible role of stress before the onset/extension/recurrence of @entity1569 . @entity1 AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-nine outpatients with @entity1569 and 169 age and gender matched controls were enrolled. The design was a case-control study (controls had @entity272 with @entity258 ). Stressful life events were evaluated using Holmes and Rahe's Social Readjustment Rating Scale. RESULTS: In the psoriatic group, there was a female predominance (66%) and a median age 47.55 years (SD = 20.32). In all, 10.65% of @entity1 had family history of @entity1569 . More than 54% of cases experienced at least one stressful event (47.36% for onset, 63.51% for recurrence/extension), compared with 19.52% of controls (chi(2) = 42.71, P < 0.0001). The odds ratio was 4.92. There was a significant difference in the mean number of stressful events between @entity1 and controls (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity1569 and @entity1 with @entity1569 seemed to be more sensitive to stressful events. We divided the events described by Holmes and Rahe into three categories: family, personal, and job/financial problems. Family matters were mentioned by 42.7% of psoriatic @entity1 , statistically significant compared with controls (P < 0.0001). In 35% of psoriatic cases, "the stressful event" was represented by the illness/ @entity204 of someone dear. Both "personal" (25.6%; P = 0.02) and "job/financial problems" (31.6%; P < 0.0001) were significantly different compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Stressful events could be highly related to @entity1569 (especially in recurrences/extensions). Problems related to family are the most often involved with counseling being suggested.

title: Life events involvement in XXXX onset/recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'guttate psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low psychosomatic component']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the reports of prolonged @entity4094 secondary to @entity3369 and @entity5159 administration. To propose mechanisms for prolonged blockade, as well as methods to avoid prolonged blockade. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was conducted of articles published from 1980 to 1993. Articles pertaining to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations, prolonged @entity4094 , and continuous infusion administration of @entity3369 and @entity5159 were obtained. STUDY SELECTION: Studies and case reports pertaining to prolonged @entity4094 in intensive care unit @entity1 were reviewed and summarized. DATA EXTRACTION: All articles were reviewed by both authors. Primarily, the critical care literature and anesthesia literature were reviewed. Case reports were divided into two groups, based on end-organ function and possible cause. DATA SYNTHESIS: Prolonged @entity4094 can be divided into two types. One is pharmacokinetically based, due to alterations in clearance and metabolite formation. The second occurs in @entity1 without an etiology for drug clearance problems. Functional neuromuscular junction defects are the problem and may be due to the underlying disease state in addition to, or regardless of, the use of neuromuscular blocking agents. CONCLUSIONS: Controlled studies assessing the appropriate drug, administration method, use of drug in @entity881 , and monitoring techniques are unavailable. From the available case reports, length of @entity4094 has been associated with @entity881 , concomitant drug use, severity of the underlying illness, length of therapy, monitoring techniques used, and perhaps method of drug administration. Steroidally based neuromuscular blocking agents may be particularly hazardous in @entity1 receiving systemic corticosteroids. It is premature to determine the safety of one particular neuromuscular blocking drug in relation to another. Further studies are needed to optimize the use and safety of neuromuscular blocking agents in intensive care unit @entity1 .

title: Prolonged paralysis in intensive care unit XXXX after the use of neuromuscular blocking agents: a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['end-organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity49 treated with anticoagulation only are at high risk of developing @entity2979 . Immediate removal of the @entity715 by @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) may increase patency, prevent @entity66 , and prevent reflux and PTS. However, the indications for its use are not well established because of lack of data from randomised controlled trials. Aim of this review was to describe the treatment of @entity49 with @entity1212 and to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy. An electronic literature search was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library on the largest studies (more than 40 legs treated) concerning @entity1212 of @entity49 . A total of 236 publications were identified but only 11 studies met the inclusion criteria with a total of 979 lower limbs. Early patency from 6-12 months was 60-95% and patency after six years was 82%, reported in one study. Mortality of up to 1% was reported in two studies. Major complications such as @entity1410 requiring surgery were observed in 1-11% whereas minor complications, mostly bleeding from the puncture site, were seen in up to 18%. @entity1212 seems to be effective in the treatment of @entity49 and results are promising. Studies are, however, characterized by heterogeneity and are difficult to compare. Only one study reports long-term follow-up and incidence of @entity2979 is not reported. Further studies regarding the use of @entity1212 , both alone and in combination with mechanical thrombectomy are needed.

title: Catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of XXXX . A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-directed thrombolysis', 'CDT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the venous valves']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['iliofemoral venous thrombosis', 'acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['postthrombotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity49 :: (MESH:D019851,Disease) :: ['iliofemoral venous thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 telomerase is absent in most normal tissues, but is abnormally activated in all major @entity5 cells. Telomerase enables @entity5 cells to maintain telomere length, allowing indefinite replicative capacity. Albeit not sufficient in itself to induce @entity5 , telomerase is believed to be necessary for @entity5 cells to grow without limit. Studies using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASODN) to the RNA component of telomerase or @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) demonstrate that telomerase in @entity1 @entity5 lines can be blocked in vivo. Inhibition of @entity2215 led to telomere @entity3207 and @entity5 cell death, validating telomerase as a target for anticancer genetic therapy. Varieties of approaches for @entity2215 inhibition have been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological activity of ASODN to the @entity2215 mediated by retrovirus vector, which was used as therapy for @entity43 . We constructed and characterized a recombinant retrovirus vector with full-length @entity2215 antisense complementary DNA. The vector was introduced into ES-2 by @entity496 -mediated gene transfection. The cellular proliferation and telomerase activity of the transformant cells were retarded. The @entity2215 gene expression and the telomerase activity of the transformant cells were both decreased. The transformant cells show partial reversion of the malignant phenotype. @entity19 cells were also transfected with the recombinant vector and virus-producer cells were generated. The retrovirus-containing supernatant effectively inhibited the growth of @entity1 @entity43 xenografts in @entity19 models ( @entity5 model), and enhanced the @entity19 survival time. @entity5 Gene Therapy advance online publication, 8 January 2016; doi:10.1038/cgt.2015.64.

title: Inhibition of @entity1 XXXX in vivo and in vitro for retroviral vector-based antisense oligonucleotide therapy in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subcutaneous tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['lipofectamine']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['telomerase reverse transcriptase']


abstract: ORF73 orthologues encoded by different rhadinoviruses have been studied extensively. These studies revealed that the ORF73 expression product (pORF73) is a multifunctional protein essential for latency that enables episome tethering to mitotic chromosomes and modulates cellular pathways implicated in growth and survival of latently infected cells. Comparison of pORF73 orthologues encoded by rhadinoviruses reveals important variations in @entity535 sequence length and composition. @entity4377 ( @entity24777 ) encodes by far the shortest ORF73 orthologue, with a size equivalent to only 22% of that of the largest orthologues. The present study focused on determining whether @entity24777 ORF73 is a bona fide gene and investigating whether it is essential for latency, as established for larger ORF73 orthologues. Our results demonstrate that @entity24777 ORF73 is transcribed as immediate-early polycistronic mRNA together with ORF71. Using a @entity24777 bacterial artificial chromosome clone, we produced a strain deleted for ORF73 and a revertant strain. Deletion of @entity24777 ORF73 did not affect the capacity of the virus to replicate in vitro, but it prevented @entity281 in vivo using a @entity95 model. Interestingly, the strain deleted for ORF73 induced an anti-BoHV-4 humoral immune response comparable to that elicited by the wild type and revertant recombinants. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite its relatively small size, @entity24777 ORF73 is a functional homologue of larger rhadinovirus ORF73 orthologues, and highlight the potential of ORF73 deletion for the development of @entity24777 as a vector in vaccinology.

title: XXXX ORF73 is dispensable for virus growth in vitro, but is essential for virus persistence in vivo.

entities_list: @entity4377 :: ('10385', 'Species') :: ['Bovine herpesvirus 4']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['latent infection']

answer: @entity4377 :: (10385,Species) :: ['Bovine herpesvirus 4']


abstract: A cell-wall-associated phosphatase in hyphae of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, a fungal pathogen causing @entity8711 , was previously characterized by the authors. In the present work, the expression of an acidic ectophosphatase activity in F. pedrosoi conidial forms was investigated. The surface phosphatase activity in F. pedrosoi is associated with the cell wall, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. This enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by exogenous inorganic @entity1391 (P(i)). Accordingly, removal of P(i) from the culture medium of F. pedrosoi resulted in a marked (130-fold) increase of ectophosphatase activity. With the artificial phosphatase substrate @entity7480 , a Km value of 0.63+/-0.04 mM was estimated for the phosphatase activity of fungal cells strongly expressing the enzyme activity. This enzyme activity was not modulated by cations. Conidia with greater ectophosphatase activity showed greater adherence to @entity1 cells than did fungi cultivated in the presence of P(i) (low phosphatase activity). Surface phosphatase activity was apparently involved in the adhesion to host cells, since the enhanced attachment of F. pedrosoi to host cells was reversed by pre-treatment of conidia with phosphatase inhibitor. Since conidial forms are the putative infectious propagules in @entity8711 , the expression and activity of acidic surface phosphatases in these cells may contribute to the early mechanisms required for disease establishment.

title: Ectophosphatase activity in conidial forms of Fonsecaea pedrosoi is modulated by exogenous @entity1391 and influences fungal adhesion to XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['chromoblastomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity7480 :: ('MESH:C008644', 'Chemical') :: ['p-nitrophenyl phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: Genetic variations in the @entity1675 /C3/A4/A5 gene cluster have been studied and proposed to be the leading key for susceptibility to @entity65 and @entity74 . We aimed to investigate the associations of @entity24034 ( @entity1675 ) and @entity24035 ( @entity23353 ) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with some age-related diseases, as well as with lipids and proteins serum levels in a cohort from a Brazilian Elderly Longitudinal Study (EPIDOSO). Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analyses were carried out using logistic regression analysis, Student's t-test, and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. Polymorphic allele frequencies were 0.095 and 0.449 for @entity24034 and @entity24035 , respectively. The C-allele of @entity24035 was associated with higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = 0.022) and glycated hemoglobin levels (P = 0.020). We also showed that @entity24034 and @entity24035 were in LD. The GC haplotype, which is composed of the G-allele of @entity24034 and the C-allele of @entity24035 , was significantly associated with @entity28 (P = 0.028), with higher glycated hemoglobin (P = 0.006), and fasting @entity413 (P = 0.0003) compared to the TT haplotype, which includes the wild-type alleles of both polymorphisms. Moreover, we found an association between the TC haplotype and higher HDL levels (P = 0.0039). This is the first time that haplotypes involving these polymorphisms were evaluated. Our results showed that these polymorphisms were involved in the development of @entity28 and in alterations of lipids and proteins serum levels in a Brazilian population. The present findings might also clarify the role of these polymorphisms and their haplotypes in lipids and proteins metabolism.

title: XXXX /A5 variants and haplotypes as a risk factor for @entity28 and better lipid profiles in a Brazilian Elderly Cohort.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['age-associated disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['APOA1']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti- @entity7 ) drugs have dramatically improved the treatment of @entity13785 . In pivotal studies, almost 90% of @entity1 maintain vision, with approximately 30% showing significant improvement. Despite these successes, 10% to 15% of @entity1 continue to lose vision, even with treatment. It has been reported that variants in some @entity13785 -associated genes influence treatment outcome. This study showed an association of treatment outcome with variants in the @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) gene. METHODS: One hundred ninety-two patients receiving anti- @entity7 treatment for subfoveal @entity1940 secondary to @entity13785 were enrolled. Information on demographics, lesion characteristics, delay until treatment, visual acuity (VA), and number of treatments was collected, and variants of @entity2204 were assessed in all @entity1 at baseline. Best corrected logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA was recorded in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The presence of the @entity2204 allele was associated with improved treatment outcome at 3 (P = 0.02) and 12 (P = 0.06) months, compared with the presence of the   2 allele, after adjustment for baseline acuity, treatment delay after first symptoms, age, and sex. @entity1 with an @entity2204 allele had an odds ratio (OR) of 4.04 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-14.70) for a 2-line gain in vision from baseline at 3 months (P = 0.03) and an OR of 2.54 (95% CI, 0.61-10.52; P = 0.20) at 12 months after treatment, based on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity13785 , the presence of the @entity2204 allele conferred significantly better visual outcomes after anti- @entity7 treatment than did the   2 allele. These findings suggest a possible role for a personalized approach to treatment with anti- @entity7 .

title: Variants in the XXXX gene are associated with improved outcome after anti- @entity7 treatment for @entity13785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'APOE', 'APOE   4']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'neovascular AMD']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE']


abstract: @entity1 suffering from severe @entity542 and @entity174 of long bones or large joints often show enhanced osteogenesis, with @entity1184 formation and/or @entity2736 . The advantage of this phenomenon is early consolidation of the @entity174 . An extreme disadvantage is extensive @entity730 , resulting in complete @entity3947 of the affected joint. In spite of numerous efforts aimed at clarifying the way in which severe @entity542 can influence osteogenesis at a distant site, this phenomenon is still not understood. The process, once started, seems irreversible, but if diagnosed in time, could be prevented with non- @entity134 anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit development of @entity2736 . The major prerequisite for testing this possibility is to define parameters of an early diagnosis of enhanced osteogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to test whether serum values of some parameters related to bone regeneration could allow an early prediction of enhanced ossification following bone @entity174 in @entity1 with severe @entity542 . Samples of sera were obtained from three groups of injured @entity1 : @entity174 of long bones or large joints only (n = 6), severe @entity542 only (n = 8), severe @entity542 and @entity174 of long bones and large joints (n = 7) and from a group of apparently healthy volunteers (n = 10). The values for @entity623 ( @entity623 ), the bone isoenzyme, and the @entity1473 terminal propeptide of @entity4173 (PICP) were significantly higher (5-20 times as high) in @entity1 with severe @entity542 and bone or joint @entity174 than in any other group. Significantly increased concentrations of PICP were already found in the 1st week after injury, and those of @entity623 and of the bone isoenzyme increased during the 2nd week after injury. Results show that these parameters are helpful for an early diagnosis of enhanced osteogenesis and @entity2736 in @entity1 with severe @entity542 and @entity174 . Further studies are necessary to verify these findings, while analysis of reasons for the specific patterns of dynamic change of these parameters could lead to better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the uncontrolled bone formation.

title: Post-traumatic dynamic change of carboxyterminal propeptide of @entity4173 , @entity623 and its isoenzymes as predictors for enhanced osteogenesis in XXXX with severe @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic callus']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['periarticular calcification']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossifications']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['alkaline phosphatase', 'ALP']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The retrosigmoid (RS) approach provides an excellent access corridor to the cerebellopontine angle. However, 80% of @entity1 experience @entity10 after RS approaches. OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our prospective database to determine the risk factors influencing @entity10 after RS procedures. METHODS: From 2003, craniotomy, instead of craniectomy, became our standard approach for RS procedures. @entity1 ' demographic, management, and outcome data were collected prospectively. We also retrospectively analyzed similar data collected between 2000 and 2003 to compare @entity10 outcomes after RS approaches. Subgroup analysis of data was performed to identify other risk factors contributing to @entity86 . RESULTS: Of 105 @entity1 (mean age, 56 years; 43 @entity1 ; 62 @entity1 ) who underwent RS surgery, 30 underwent craniectomy and 75 underwent craniotomy. There were 57 @entity5513 , 40 microvascular decompressions, and 8 other procedures. The @entity1 ' age, sex, pathological diagnosis, and length of hospital stay were not statistically different in the 2 subgroups. At discharge, postoperative @entity10 was observed in 43% of @entity1 (13/30) after craniectomy and 19% of @entity1 (14/75) after craniotomy (P = .01). The incidence of @entity10 decreased with further follow-up; 10% of @entity1 (3/30) who underwent craniectomy and 1% of @entity1 (1/75) who underwent craniotomy still had @entity10 at 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity1 who underwent the RS approach with craniotomy had a significantly lower rate of @entity10 at discharge than did those who underwent craniectomy. These @entity1 continued to have a lower incidence of @entity10 in the long term.

title: Role of craniotomy repair in reducing XXXX after a retrosigmoid approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative headaches']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative headaches']


abstract: Previously we have shown that the open reading frame 2 protein (ORF2 protein), which is encoded at the 3 ' end of @entity563 protease of @entity8871 (ASP), functions as a chaperone protein in periplasm in the production of ASP. Both proteins, ASP and ORF2 protein, associate in periplasm and ORF2 protein helps ASP to take an active form. ASP which is dissociated from ORF2 protein emerges in milieu . In this study, we examined the effect of @entity2827 ( @entity1219 ) in medium on ASP production by A. sobria. The ASP activity of culture supernatant was extremely decreased when A. sobria was cultured in medium containing 3.0% @entity1219 (concentration almost equivalent to sea water salinity). Our analysis showed that the transcription of asp by A. sobria is not inhibited by @entity1219 in medium and that A. sobria synthesizes and releases ASP in milieu even under the condition of 3.0% @entity1219 . However, these ASPs in milieu formed complex as with ORF2 proteins. This indicates that the maturation pathway of ASP is disturbed in A. sobria cultured in medium containing 3.0% @entity1219 . It is likely that ASP does not associate with ORF2 protein in the correct form in periplasam when A. sobria is cultured in medium containing 3.0% @entity1219 , though both proteins, ASP and ORF2 protein, make complexes and emerge outside of the cell. This idea suggests that the chaperone system of @entity2574 possesses the ability to sense @entity1219 in surroundings and regulates the production of active ASP.

title: Salt in surroundings influences the production of @entity563 protease into milieu by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8871 :: ('646', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas sobria']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity8871 :: (646,Species) :: ['Aeromonas sobria']


abstract: Virilism is the masculinization and enhancement of male secondary sexual characteristics in females. The etiology is usually of adrenal or ovarian origin. Here we report a case of virilizing Leydig cell type, steroid cell tumor of the left ovary, in a 40 year old female who presented with clinical signs and symptoms of virilization: deepening of @entity1740 , hirsutism (Ferriman-Gallwey score 26), clitoromegaly, and @entity1665 . On further evaluation, laboratory investigations revealed @entity3428 in the male range. Basal @entity251 values were elevated. Folicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinising Hormone levels were within normal limits. @entity619 suppression test did not alter @entity701 or @entity251 levels. An ovarian mass was confirmed radiologically. Following a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy, histopathological studies confirmed a left sided steroid-cell @entity43 , Leydig cell type (stage T(1)N(0)M(0)), which proved to the etiology of virilization in this @entity1 . Post-operatively her serum @entity251 levels declined with near-complete reversal of symptoms over time.

title: Virilizing XXXX in a 40 year old South Indian female: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['androgenic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian steroid cell tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity933 and ICU-acquired @entity425 are frequent in @entity3124 mechanically ventilated @entity1 . The number of mechanically ventilated @entity1 is increasing, placing more @entity1 at risk for these adverse outcomes. Sedation is given to ensure comfort and to minimize distress, but is linked to @entity933 and immobility. We review recent findings on the management of mechanically ventilated @entity1 focusing on strategies that may improve neurologic and functional outcomes in @entity3124 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: We present the evidence-based 'ABCDE' bundle, an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to the management of mechanically ventilated @entity1 . Spontaneous awakening and breathing trials have been combined into 'awake and breathing coordination', shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital length of stay and improving survival. The choice of a-2 agonists reduces ICU @entity933 and duration of mechanical ventilation. @entity933 monitoring improves recognition of this disorder, but data on pharmacologic treatment are mixed. Early mobility and exercise may reduce physical dysfunction and @entity933 rates. SUMMARY: Outcomes of @entity3124 @entity1 can be improved by applying evidence-based therapies for the 'liberation' from mechanical ventilation and sedation, and the 'animation' through early mobilization. Clinicians should be aware of organizational approaches such as the 'ABCDE' bundle to improve the management of mechanically ventilated @entity1 .

title: Sedation, XXXX and mechanical ventilation: the 'ABCDE' approach.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['delirium']


abstract: @entity3562 is an independent vascular risk factor involved in @entity64 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity3562 and the role of the metabolic determinants in @entity64 . The study concerned 183  @entity1 in the Department of neurology of the teaching hospital of Lome. The diagnosis of @entity64 was made on clinical and brain CT scan arguments. The dosage of @entity3563 was carried out by the immunoenzymatic method (Abbott Diagnostic). Among 183  @entity1 , 111 (61%) had a @entity3562 . The total average @entity3563 was of 22.0  mol/L. The average @entity3563 among @entity1 was of 22.4  mol/L (5.2-198.0) and 18.80  mol/L (4.2-50) among @entity1 with a positive correlation (P = 0.049 and 0.01) between @entity3563 and the age among the @entity1 and @entity1 . The average @entity3563 was of 17.2  mol/L in the large @entity64 ; 23.0   mol/L when associated with lacunes and 32.8  mol/L when associated with lacunes and leucoaraiosis (p = 0.001). In conclusion, the hospital prevalence of the @entity3562 was of 61%. @entity3562 was the second vascular risk factor after arterial @entity101 in term of prevalence, probably from nutritional cause.

title: [ XXXX among ischemic stroke victims in the teaching hospital of Lom  ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3563 :: ('MESH:C566403', 'Disease') :: ['homocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity3562 :: (MESH:D020138,Disease) :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']


abstract: This investigation studied the functional and energetic effects of the novel positive inotropic agent @entity20511 and the negative inotropic agent @entity18650 ( @entity18650 ) in the paced Langendorff-perfused @entity35 heart. @entity20511 is a @entity460 -sensitizing agent that has previously been shown to increase contractility without affecting @entity460 transients. Its effects were compared with that of @entity452 , which increases contractility by increasing @entity460 transient amplitude. @entity20511 (2 microM) and @entity452 (0.2 microM) induced a 40% increase in developed pressure. Myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2) increased significantly with @entity452 . However, there was no significant change in MVO2 with @entity20511 . There was no change in @entity1391 metabolite concentrations as detected by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance with either agent. @entity880 production and basal metabolism were unaffected by either agent. Thus @entity20511 increased contractility in a more energetically economical manner than did @entity452 . Contractility was decreased with @entity18650 , an intracellular @entity460 chelator that decreases contractility by binding free @entity460 . The metabolic effects of @entity18650 (2.2 microM) were compared with those of @entity1855 (10 nM), an agent which decreases @entity460 fluxes. Both agents decreased developed pressure 60%. MVO2 decreased 14% with @entity18650 and 50% with @entity1855 . Neither agent altered the concentrations of @entity1391 metabolites, @entity880 production, or basal metabolism. Thus @entity18650 lowered contractility in a less energetically economical manner than @entity1855 . These data suggest that in @entity35 hearts, inotropic agents with different effects on @entity460 handling have different effects on energetics.

title: Functional and energetic effects of the inotropic agents XXXX and @entity18650 on the isolated @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18650 :: ('MESH:C025603', 'Chemical') :: ['BAPTA', "1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid"]

answer: @entity20511 :: (MESH:C070609,Chemical) :: ['EMD-57033']


abstract: Over the past decade, it has been increasingly recognized that both chemical and mechanical properties of scaffolds influence neural cell behavior, ranging from growth to differentiation to migration. However, mechanical properties are difficult to control for in the design of scaffolds for nerve regeneration, as properties change over time for most biologically derived scaffolds. The focus of this project was to examine how the mechanical properties of a nondegradable scaffold, @entity968 ( @entity970 ) gels, influenced nerve cell behavior. Low concentration @entity970 gels, of 3, 4, or 5% @entity970 , with added collagen to alter chemical properties were examined for both their mechanical properties and their ability to support nerve expression and extension. Stiffness (G*) significantly increased with increased @entity970 concentration. The addition of chemically conjugated collagen significantly decreased the stiffness compared to plain gels. This phenomenon was confirmed to be an effect of the conjugate, and not the protein itself, as G* of gels containing conjugate, but no protein, was not significantly different than G* of gels with conjugated protein. PC12 cell neurite expression increased with decreasing @entity970 and increasing collagen concentration. At its best, the expression approached the value on collagen-coated tissue culture plastic, which is a substantial improvement over previous studies on @entity970 . Neurite extension of dorsal root ganglia was also improved on these same gels over gels with either higher @entity970 concentration or lower collagen amount. Overall, these results suggest that exploration of lower stiffness materials is necessary to improve neurite growth and extension in three-dimensional synthetic scaffolds.

title: Characterization of XXXX gels with added collagen for neural tissue engineering.

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: AIM: British military ophthalmologists have not been deployed in support of operations since 2003. @entity4858 in British forces receive definitive treatment on return to the United Kingdom. We report the injury patterns, management strategies, and outcomes for @entity4858 in British Armed Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive case series of @entity4858 in British Armed Forces in Iraq or Afghanistan from July 2004 to May 2008. Outcomes assessed by final best-corrected visual acuity (VA; few @entity1 lost to follow-up), rates of @entity3225 , and proliferative @entity1715 (PVR). RESULTS: There were 630 cases of major @entity130 , 63 sustained @entity4858 (10%), and 48 sustained significant @entity4858 . There were 21 @entity542 : 9 ruptures and perforating injuries, of which 7 were enucleated/eviscerated; 11 intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries, of which 1 was eviscerated. Primary repair was combined with posterior segment reconstruction in 9/11 cases with IOFB. Mean time to primary repair was 1.9 days (range 0-5). Intravitreal antibiotics were given at primary repair in five cases. All cases received early broad-spectrum systemic antibiotics. Median final VA was logMAR 0.25 excluding evisceration/enucleations. There were two cases of PVR and none of @entity3225 . CONCLUSIONS: The number of @entity4858 as a proportion of all casualties is lower than recently reported. The injuries are more severe than in civilian practise. The outcomes were comparable with previous reports, this demonstrates that, in certain cases, primary repair can be safely delayed beyond 24 h in the @entity1 's best interests, in order to optimise the conditions for treatment.

title: XXXX in British Armed Forces in Iraq and Afghanistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathy']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['eye injuries', 'Eye injuries']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Ophthalmic injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Genetic instability related to defective DNA mismatch repair genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity189 in @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). However, nonneoplastic tissues from @entity1 inheriting defects in @entity1 @entity4311 or @entity1 @entity6756 do not show significant genetic instability. The aim of this study was to determine whether acquisition of genetic instability at the @entity652 stage promotes malignant transformation by studying @entity2513 progression in @entity4309 . METHODS: Dinucleotide repeat loci were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction from microdissected @entity2513 stages from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 . RESULTS: Although genetic instability was observed at some loci in almost all cases, the proportion of microsatellite loci altered was significantly less (P < 0.01) in completely benign @entity652 (24%) than in benign areas of @entity652 with @entity5 (54%). Molecular fingerprints indicated intratumor heterogeneity, with evolution of related subclones of neoplastic cells. However, in all cases of @entity5 progression, at least one subclone from the @entity652 stage was closely related to the @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: Some genetic instability develops at the benign @entity652 stage in most @entity5 . @entity652 with a greater rate of genetic instability are more likely to progress to @entity189 . Topographic genotyping data provides evidence supporting the hypothesis of @entity2513 progression in @entity4309 .

title: Genetic instability associated with XXXX progression in @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer', 'HNPCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'HNPCC tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma', 'Adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma', 'adenoma and/or carcinoma']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['adenoma to carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Expected increases in world population will continue to make demands on agricultural productivity and food supply. These challenges will only be met by increasing the land under cultivation and by improving the yields obtained on existing farms. Genetic engineering can target key traits to improve crop yields and to increase production on marginal soils. Soil acidity is a major abiotic stress that limits plant production worldwide. The goal of this study was to enhance the acid soil tolerance of @entity3505 by increasing its resistance to @entity18839 @entity137 . METHODS: Particle bombardment was used to transform @entity3505 with @entity18840 , the @entity18839 resistance gene from @entity3505 , using the @entity2829 ubiquitin promoter to drive expression. @entity18840 expression, @entity5910 efflux and @entity18839 resistance were measured in the T(1) and T(2) lines and compared with the parental line and an @entity18839 -resistant reference genotype, ET8. KEY RESULTS: Nine T(2) lines showed increased @entity18840 expression, @entity5910 efflux and @entity18839 resistance when compared with untransformed controls and null segregant lines. Some T(2) lines displayed greater @entity18839 resistance than ET8 in both hydroponic and soil experiments. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity18839 resistance of @entity3505 was increased by enhancing @entity18840 expression with biotechnology. This is the first report of a major food crop being stably transformed for greater @entity18839 resistance. Transgenic strategies provide options for increasing food supply on acid soils.

title: Engineering greater aluminium resistance in XXXX by over-expressing @entity18840 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: To determine whether true obstruction to left ventricular ejection exists in @entity1 with @entity1121 and a subaortic gradient, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to analyze the patterns of left ventricular emptying in 50 @entity1 with @entity1121 (20 with and 30 without evidence of obstruction) and in 20 normal subjects. In obstructive @entity1121 , left ventricular ejection was characterized by early and rapid emptying (76 +/- 14% of aortic flow velocity in the initial one-third of systole). The proportion of forward flow velocity occurring before initial mitral-septal contact (and hence, by inference before the onset of the subaortic gradient) was variable, but averaged 58%. In contrast, the proportion of forward flow velocity occurring after mitral-septal contact (and, therefore, concomitant with the gradient and increased intraventricular pressure) was considerable, averaging over 40%. Mid-systolic impedance to left ventricular outflow was suggested by the rapid deceleration in aortic flow velocity concomitant with mitral-septal contact and premature partial aortic valve closure. Furthermore, left ventricular ejection was prolonged (384 +/- 40 ms) and the ventricle continued to empty and shorten during the period when both the pressure gradient and markedly increased intraventricular pressures were present. In 16 of 20 @entity1 , a relatively small second peak in flow velocity appeared in late systole. Since marked systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve was still present, the late systolic portion of forward flow velocity also appeared to be largely ejected during imposition of a mechanical impediment to outflow. In contrast, @entity1 with nonobstructive @entity1121 showed no evidence of impedance to left ventricular ejection. Aortic flow velocity waveforms were similar to those of normal subjects, with flow persisting to aortic valve closure; significant mitral systolic anterior motion and partial mid-systolic aortic valve closure were absent, and the systolic ejection period was normal (303 +/- 27 ms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Dynamic subaortic obstruction in XXXX : analysis by pulsed Doppler echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Infections are a major source of morbidity in @entity1582 ; @entity526 is now the leading pathogen. Intravenous IgG may be a modality which could ameliorate the opsinopathy of @entity1582 . We infused 6 @entity1 with @entity1582 with IgG (100 mg/kg) and compared @entity526 opsonophagocytosis pre- and post-IgG infusions. Log phase, broth grown @entity2624 (5 X 10(6)/ml) and normal, dextran-sedimented @entity1 neutrophils (5 X 10(6)/ml) were combined in 10% heat inactivated, pre- or post-IgG infusion @entity1582 serum with 5% agammaglobulinemic serum as a complement source and incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Phagocytosis was quantified as percentage survival of the inoculum. Control survival in heat inactivated normal serum + complement + neutrophils was 1.7 +/- 0.8%. Pre- and post-IgG infusion sera were equally abnormal opsonin sources with 14.3 +/- 6.5% and 17.5 +/- 3.0% survivals. Individually, @entity1 with poor opsonophagocytosis improved with IgG (e.g., pre = 45.2 +/- 3.7%; post = 29.5 +/- 2.3% survival), whereas @entity1 with good opsonophagocytosis showed a deleterious effect (e.g., pre = 2.3 +/- 0.9%; post 23.3 +/- 6.3% survival). To explain these data, we measured deposited IgM and IgG on @entity526 by pre- and post-IgG infusion sera in a fluorescence immunoassay. Pre- and post-IgG infusion sera had equally depressed IgM deposition (pre = 13.7 +/- 2.1%; post = 14.5 +/- 2.6% of normal serum), and also equal IgG deposition (pre = 96.8 +/- 6.5%; post = 94.6 +/- 4.8% of normal serum).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on XXXX opsonization in @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no validated biomarkers that correlate with the prognosis of @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ). The @entity11707 and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) genes are important in the malignant transformation of gastrointestinal cells. This study examined @entity1412 and @entity11707 genetic polymorphisms and their possible impact on survival of @entity1 with @entity1124 . METHODS: Clinical and pathological data as well as blood samples for extracting DNA were obtained for 73 @entity1 with @entity1124 . Real-time PCR assessed genetic variants of @entity1412 ( @entity20845 and @entity20846 ), and four different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the @entity11707 gene: @entity20847 ( @entity20848 ), @entity20849 ( @entity20850 ), @entity20851 ( @entity20852 ) and @entity20853 ( @entity20854 ). RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 64 (41-90) years. Thirty-one @entity1 (42.5%) were operable, 16 (22%) had locally advanced disease and 26 (35.5%) had disseminated @entity5 . The malignancy-related mortality rate was 84%. Median survival was 14 months (11.25-16.74). Survival was similar for @entity164 ( @entity164 ), heterozygous and homozygous variants of the @entity1412 or @entity11707 genes. The three most frequent @entity11707 SNP combinations were: heterozygote for @entity20851 and @entity164 for the rest of the alleles (14% of @entity1 ), heterozygote for @entity20847 , @entity20851 , @entity20853 and @entity164 for the rest (14% of @entity1 ), and heterozygote for @entity20847 , @entity20853 and @entity164 for the rest (10% of @entity1 ). All @entity1 were @entity1412 @entity164 . The first two groups were significantly younger at diagnosis than the third group. CONCLUSIONS: Specific polymorphisms in the @entity1412 and @entity11707 genes may play a role in @entity788 development. Correlation with survival requires a larger cohort.

title: XXXX and @entity1412 Genetic Polymorphisms in @entity788 as Potential Biomarkers for Clinical Outcome.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity11707 :: (100133941,Gene) :: ['CD24']


abstract: Little is known about low-grade @entity816 with @entity6831 at diagnosis. A review of medical records identified this phenomenon in eight of 150 pediatric @entity1 evaluated between 1985 and 1994 for histologically confirmed low-grade @entity816 . These @entity1 (five male and three female) ranged in age from 5 months to 20 years (median 8 years). Symptoms of @entity66 were minimal or absent. Primary @entity5 sites were the hypothalamus in four cases, brainstem/spinal cord in three, and temporal lobe in one. Patterns of dissemination (evaluated by computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging techniques) appeared to be related to the primary site: @entity2339 metastasized along the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid pathways, and @entity5 in other locations disseminated along subarachnoid pathways. Following initial treatment with chemotherapy (in three), partial resection (in one), radiation therapy (in three), and chemotherapy plus irradiation (in one), four @entity1 required salvage therapy for progressive or recurrent disease. Seven of the eight @entity1 are alive with stable or progressive disease 6 to 105 months postdiagnosis (median 15 months). Low-grade @entity816 with @entity6831 is responsive to chemotherapy and radiation, a proportion showing periods of stable disease. The optimum therapy or combination of therapies remains unclear.

title: Low-grade XXXX with @entity6831 at diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neuraxis disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity6831 :: ('MESH:D004673', 'Disease') :: ['initial neuraxis dissemination', 'neuraxis dissemination']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: Reliable transcutaneous measurements of arterial @entity26 tension are based on a maximum skin blood flow rate which is created by heating the skin, typically at an electrode temperature of 44 to 45 degrees C. This increase in skin blood flow rate creates an arterialization of the @entity26 tension in the capillaries and the surrounding tissue. The heat conducted to the skin surface is removed by a combination of convection (skin perfusion) and conduction to the deeper layers of the skin. This heat transport to and through the skin surface causes a measurable temperature profile from the electrode surface to the capillary layer. By a blood flow cessation it is possible to change the temperature profile because the convective part of the heat consumption is eliminated and the conductive part can then be measured and subtracted. Using the forearm as measuring area and a heated tc- @entity4095 electrode several observations were made. The mean temperature gradient over epidermis down to the capillary layer at an electrode temperature of 43, 44, and 45 degrees C was 2.1, 2.4 and 2.7 degrees C, respectively. The change in temperature profile caused by the blood flow cessation enabled primarily an estimation of the skin blood flow rate by temperature measurements, ranging from 0.07 to 0.24 ml.cm-2.min-1. Increasing blood flow rates correlated to increasing tc- @entity4095 values. By means of a dynamically, thermally shielded tc- @entity4095 electrode it was possible to determine the skin blood flow rates in the same arbitrary units computed on the basis of the heat dissipation to the skin surface. Furthermore, it was possible to correlate these blood flow estimations to the cutaneous blood flow rates measured by 133Xe washout technique. By increasing the electrode temperature the cutaneous blood flow rates increased from 12 to 50 ml.(100 g)-1.min-1. It was possible to calculate a conversion factor on the basis of the correlation between the heat determinations of the skin blood flow rate and the 133Xe measurements. Using this conversion factor the highest blood flow rate did not exceed 55 ml.(100 g)-1.min-1. The subcutaneous blood flow rate increased accordingly with increasing electrode temperature. It was concluded that the measured heat consumption of the skin is effected by the heat removing capacity of the cutaneous as well as the subcutaneous blood flow. The cutaneous blood flow, however, was considered predominant in the transport of heat from the skin surface. By 50 times of stripping the skin surface, the cornified epidermal membrane was removed. This procedure increased the tc- @entity4095 values by on an average 3.6 kPa (27.1 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Blood flow rate, temperature, XXXX tension and consumption in the skin of adults measured by a heated microcathode @entity26 electrode.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The efficacy of cryosurgery alone was evaluated in 15 @entity1 with refractory monomorphic sustained @entity1165 related to @entity4156 . @entity1 were 64 +/- 9 (SD) years old and had a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 39.2 +/- 11.2%. Thirty different @entity591 were mapped with the origin localized to the septum or inferior wall in 20 (67%), near the mitral valve anulus in 6 (20%) and at the base of the posterior papillary muscle in 4 (13%) @entity591 . Endocardial cryoablation of these sites was performed with 6 to 13 (mean 9.2 +/- 1.8) cryolesions per heart. No mitral valve replacement was performed. There was one @entity204 as a result of @entity295 . Cryoablation abolished inducible @entity1165 in 11 @entity1 . Of the other three @entity1 , the @entity591 in two was controlled with a single antiarrhythmic agent that had previously failed to suppress inducible @entity1165 . Thus, clinical success was obtained in 13 (93%) of 14 @entity1 . The remaining @entity1 received an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Ejection fraction remained unchanged or improved after surgery in 14 @entity1 (93%). There have been no late deaths, recurrence of sustained @entity1165 or significant @entity339 during a mean follow-up period of 19 +/- 7 months. These results compare quite favorably with those previously reported for subendocardial resection alone, and indicate that cryosurgery is highly effective, does not result in deterioration of left ventricular function and preserves mitral valve competence when cryoablation of the posterior papillary muscle is necessary.

title: Efficacy of cryosurgery alone for refractory monomorphic sustained @entity1165 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardias', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['inferior wall infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity4156 :: (MESH:D056989,Disease) :: ['inferior wall infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many @entity5 centers and community hospitals are developing novel models of survivorship care. However, few are specifically focused on services for socio-economically disadvantaged @entity5 survivors. AIMS: To describe a new model of survivorship care serving culturally diverse, urban @entity5 @entity1 and to present findings from a feasibility evaluation. SETTING: Adult @entity5 @entity1 treated at a public city hospital @entity5 center. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The clinic provides comprehensive medical and psychosocial services for @entity1 within a @entity5 center where they receive their oncology care. PROGRAM EVALUATION: Longitudinal data collected over a 3-year period were used to describe @entity1 demographics, @entity1 needs, and services delivered. Since inception, 410 @entity5 @entity1 have been served. Demand for services has grown steadily. @entity101 was the most frequent comorbid condition treated. @entity158 , @entity308 , @entity65 , @entity407 , and @entity29 were the most common post-treatment problems experienced by the @entity1 . Financial counseling was an important @entity1 resource. DISCUSSION: This new clinical service has been well-integrated into its public urban hospital setting and constitutes an innovative model of health-care delivery for socio-economically challenged, culturally diverse @entity5 survivors.

title: Establishing a general medical outpatient clinic for XXXX survivors in a public city hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adult cancer', 'public hospital cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: AIMS/INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is a major health concern throughout the world because of its increasing prevalence in epidemic proportions. b-Cell deterioration in the pancreas is a crucial factor for the progression of @entity6 . Therefore, the restoration of b-cell mass and its function is of vital importance for the development of effective therapeutic strategies and most accessible cell sources for the treatment of @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 fetuses (12-20  weeks gestation age) were used to isolate @entity1 hepatic progenitor cells (hHPCs) from fetal liver using a two-step collagenase digestion method. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule-positive (EpCAM+ve)-enriched hHPCs were cultured in vitro and induced with 5-30  mmol/L concentration of @entity413 for 0-32  h. @entity5908 expression and insulin secretion was analyzed using immunophenotypic and chemifluorescence assays, respectively. Relative gene expression was quantified in induced hHPCs, and compared with uninduced and pancreatic cells to identify the activated transcription factors ( @entity5908 , @entity15865 , @entity15866 , @entity15867 , @entity6484 and @entity15868 ) involved in b-cell production. RESULTS: EpCAM+ve cells derived from @entity1 fetal liver showed high in vitro trans-differentiation potential towards the b-cell phenotype with 23  mmol/L @entity413 induction after 24  h. The transcription factors showed eminent expression in induced cells. The expression level of transcription factors was found significantly high in 23  mmol/L-induced hHPCs as compared with the uninduced cells. CONCLUSIONS: The present study has shown an exciting new insight into b-cell development from hHPCs trans-differentiation. Relative quantification of gene expression in trans-differentiated cells offers vast possibility for the production of a maximum number of functionally active pancreatic b-cells for a future cure of @entity6 .

title: In vitro quantitative and relative gene expression analysis of pancreatic transcription factors @entity5908 , @entity15865 , @entity15866 , @entity15867 , XXXX and @entity15868 in trans-differentiated @entity1 hepatic progenitors.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6484 :: (5080,Gene) :: ['Pax-6']


abstract: @entity93 synthetase ( @entity856 : @entity3265 ligase ( @entity857 -forming), EC 6.3.4.2) was purified 200-fold from @entity8270 cells with about 50% purity as judged by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight estimated to be 118 000 by gel filtration. The optimal pH was 8.6. @entity6514 was required for optimal activity and stabilization of the enzyme. @entity1760 was essential for the reaction and other divalent cations were ineffective. Ammonia could replace @entity1160 as the @entity1472 donor. When other substrates were at saturating concentrations, Michaelis-Menten kinetics were observed yielding Km values for @entity856 , @entity855 and @entity1160 of 0.18, 0.8 and 0.13 mM, respectively. With @entity855 at subsaturating concentration, the double-reciprocal plot for @entity856 saturation was sinusoidal and the Hill plot showed an n value of 1.3. The double-reciprocal plot for @entity855 saturation, when @entity856 was at subsaturating concentration, departed from Michaelis-Menten kinetics with an n value of 1.4. These data suggest the existence of cooperative interactions between enzyme and substrates at subsaturating concentrations of @entity855 or @entity856 . @entity3007 was not essential, but it acted as an activator on the @entity1160 reaction; optimal activation was observed at 1 mM @entity3007 . The affinity for @entity1160 was not affected by @entity3007 .

title: Purification and properties of XXXX synthetase from @entity8270 cells.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-Mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium']

answer: @entity93 :: (MESH:D003570,Chemical) :: ['CTP']


abstract: The cell surface molecules involved in the @entity1 cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL)-synovial cell interaction may play an important role in T cell interactions with connective tissue mesenchymal cells. To examine the molecular basis for the CTL-synovial cell interaction, we immortalized synovial cell explants to establish the cell line SYN.SPP. The SYN.SPP cell line was compared to the established B lymphoblastoid cell line JY. Cell surface immunofluorescence demonstrated significantly different levels of the immunologically relevant cell surface molecules @entity2071 and @entity7937 . Both cell lines were used to stimulate CTL precursors. After several months in culture, CTL lines stimulated by the SYN.SPP and JY cell lines demonstrated HLA class I-directed cytolytic activity. The cell surface molecules utilized by the anti-SYN.SPP and anti-JY CTL lines were identified by monoclonal antibody (MAb) inhibition. MAb recognizing the CTL cell surface molecules CD3, @entity405 and @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ) significantly inhibited CTL-mediated lysis of both target cells. An interesting observation was that the anti-SYN.SPP CTL line appeared to utilize the @entity2071 and not the @entity7937 target cell molecule. In contrast, the anti-JY CTL line utilized the @entity7937 and not the @entity2071 membrane molecule. These results indicate that CTL interactions with connective tissue mesenchymal cells may be regulated by a unique pattern of antigen nonspecific cell-cell interaction molecules.

title: @entity2071 ( XXXX ) is involved in the cytolytic T lymphocyte interaction with a @entity1 synovial cell line.

answer: @entity2071 :: (3383,Gene) :: ['ICAM-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe and evaluate a method for generating synthetic computed tomography (synCT) images from magnetic resonance simulation (MR-SIM) data for accurate digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) generation and dose calculations in @entity263 radiation therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective evaluation was performed in 9 @entity263 @entity1 who had undergone MR-SIM in addition to CT  simulation (CT-SIM). MR-SIM data were used to generate synCT images by using a novel, voxel-based weighted summation approach. A subset of @entity1 was used for weight optimization, and the number of @entity1 to use during optimization was determined. Hounsfield unit (HU) differences between CT-SIM and synCT images were analyzed via mean absolute error (MAE). Original, CT-based treatment plans were mapped onto synCTs. DRRs were generated, and agreement between CT and synCT-generated DRRs was evaluated via Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Dose was recalculated, and dose-volume metrics and gamma analysis were used to evaluate resulting treatment plans. RESULTS: Full field-of-view synCT MAE across all @entity1 was 74.3      10.9 HU with differences from CTs of 2.0      8.1 HU and 11.9      46.7 HU for soft tissue structures (prostate, bladder, and rectum) and femoral bones, respectively. Calculated DSCs for anterior-posterior and lateral DRRs were 0.90      0.04 and 0.92      0.05, respectively. Differences in D99%, mean dose, and maximum dose to the clinical target volume from CT-SIM dose calculations were 0.75%      0.35%, 0.63%      0.34%, and 0.54%      0.33%, respectively, for synCT-generated plans. Gamma analysis (2%/2  mm dose difference/distance to agreement) revealed pass rates of 99.9%      0.1% (range, 99.7%-100%). CONCLUSION: Generated synCTs enabled accurate DRR generation and dose computation for prostate MR-only simulation. Dose recalculated on synCTs agreed well with original planning distributions. Further validation using a larger @entity1 cohort is warranted.

title: Implementation of a Novel Algorithm For Generating Synthetic CT Images From Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data Sets for XXXX Radiation Therapy.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Alterations in @entity35 renal @entity413 transport following in vivo use of Freund's adjuvant were examined. Lewis-Brown @entity35 were placed in four separate injection groups: tubular basement membrane plus adjuvant [complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) plus @entity5695 ]; adjuvant ( @entity3795 plus @entity5695 ); @entity3795 only; or @entity5695 only. Renal handling of @entity413 was assessed 14 days after a single injection. No in vivo changes were noted. No histologic differences among groups were noted. However, brush border membrane vesicles prepared from animals in groups 1, 2, and 3 showed a marked decrease in @entity413 uptake. Further, Michaelis-Menten kinetics demonstrated a decrease in apparent Km and Vmax for @entity413 in groups 1, 2, and 3. @entity3795 alone can cause a change in brush border membrane vesicle uptake of @entity413 . The pathogenic mechanism behind @entity3795 -induced transport changes remains unclear. However, studies employing @entity3795 cannot dismiss Freund's adjuvant as "inert" and must take into account functional changes created by @entity3795 alone.

title: Alterations in @entity35 renal XXXX transport following in vivo use of Freund's adjuvant.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Norway rats']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features of @entity1 with @entity2583 . METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all 9 cases of @entity2583 in our hospital from 1986 to 2009. RESULTS: The average age was(31     19)years. The intervals between the onset of disease to diagnosis ranged from 1 weeks to 31 months. One @entity1 had @entity2583 , 4 had @entity358 , 2 had disseminated @entity2583 , and 1 had isolated central nervous system @entity2583 . Risk factors included long-term high-dose usage of corticosteroids, @entity6 , @entity520 , and extensive @entity272 . Laboratory analysis showed elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and increased @entity1851 . Laboratory evidences also suggested 6 @entity1 were obviously immunocompromised. Chest CT scans of all @entity1 with @entity358 revealed bilateral multiple patches. All @entity1 were treated with intravenous @entity2379 , and two @entity1 also underwent surgeries. One of two @entity1 with disseminated @entity2583 died, the @entity1 with @entity2583 was stabilized,and the other @entity1 were improved. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2583 is a rare disease, and all @entity1 are immunocompromised. Due to the rapid progression and poor prognosis, early diagnosis and correct treatment are necessary and may improve survival.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['rhinocerebral mucormycosis', 'mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['mucormycosis']


abstract: Pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) is a novel hypothalamic peptide that is widely distributed in neurons, including those of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, a polyclonal antiserum directed against @entity11697 was used to investigate the localisation of PACAP throughout the gut and to determine the projections of PACAP-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the @entity840 small and large intestines. PACAP-IR fibres were seen in the myenteric and submucous plexuses, in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers and around blood vessels of the submucosa throughout the gut. In both the small and large intestine, PACAP-IR cell bodies, most with Dogiel type-I morphology, were seen in the @entity21 following @entity3812 treatment. Lesion studies (myotomy and myectomy operations) revealed that PACAP-IR interneurons projected anally in the ileum and colon. Myectomy operations resulted in a loss of PACAP-IR fibres in the circular muscle under the operation, whereas PACAP-IR fibres remained in the submucosa and around blood vessels. Following extrinsic denervation of the ileum, the number of PACAP-IR fibres in the @entity21915 and around blood vessels decreased. This suggests that a portion of PACAP-IR fibres supplying the @entity21915 and blood vessels have an extrinsic source. To investigate this, immunohistochemical studies were performed on sympathetic and dorsal root ganglia. Numerous reactive cells were seen in the dorsal root ganglia, but none was seen in sympathetic pre- or paravertebral ganglia.

title: Distribution of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP) immunoreactivity in neurons of the XXXX digestive tract and their projections in the ileum and colon.

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity21915 :: ('MESH:D020145', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['myenteric ganglia']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postpartum @entity2333 is one of the many @entity16 seen during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Management of these @entity1 consists of optimal blood pressure control, and general supportive critical care. We present a case of @entity2553 , which improved with intra-arterial @entity3360 . This brief report addresses the utility of interventional management in cases of postpartum @entity2333 . CASE REPORT: A 28-year-old female presented 1 week after cesarean delivery with altered mental status, endotracheal intubation for airway protection, @entity882 , and @entity6805 . Cerebral angiogram revealed anterior and posterior circulation @entity2553 , which responded to repeated selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 . This treatment coupled with optimal blood pressure control resulted in complete recovery. DISCUSSION: Our case report highlights the importance of cerebral angiography for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 . Although @entity3360 is used in @entity1 with @entity510 for the treatment of @entity2553 , this agent has the potential to be used in @entity1 with @entity2553 due to other etiologies. SUMMARY: Intra-arterial @entity3360 is one of the therapeutic measures available to physicians in the management of @entity1 with @entity2553 . In @entity1 with postpartum @entity2333 , early cerebral angiography should be considered to quantify and treat @entity2553 with either angioplasty or selective intra-arterial injections of @entity3360 .

title: Intra-arterial XXXX for the treatment of @entity2553 in postpartum @entity2333 : a case study and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cerebral vasospasm', 'cerebral vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: In 2006, sequences described as xenotropic @entity19 @entity1778 virus-related virus (XMRV) were discovered in @entity263 @entity1 . In October 2009, we published the first direct isolation of infectious XMRV from @entity1 and the detection of infectious XMRV in @entity1 with @entity5815 . In that study, a combination of classic retroviral methods were used including: DNA polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for gag and env, full length genomic sequencing, immunoblotting for viral protein expression in activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, passage of infectious virus in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to indicator cell lines, and detection of antibodies to XMRV in plasma. A combination of these methods has since allowed us to confirm @entity281 by XMRV in 85% of the 101 @entity1 that were originally studied. Since 2009, seven studies, predominantly using DNA polymerase chain reaction of blood products or @entity5 tissue, have reported failures to detect @entity778 in @entity1 with either @entity263 or @entity5815 . A review of the current literature on XMRV supports the importance of applying multiple independent techniques in order to determine the presence of this virus. Detection methods based upon the biological and molecular amplification of XMRV, which is usually present at low levels in unstimulated blood cells and plasma, are more sensitive than assays for the virus by DNA polymerase chain reaction of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. When we examined @entity1 blood samples that had originally tested negative by DNA polymerase chain reaction by more sensitive methods, we observed that they were infected with XMRV; thus, the DNA polymerase chain reaction tests provided false negative results. Therefore, we conclude that molecular analyses using DNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells or from whole blood are not yet sufficient as stand-alone assays for the identification of XMRV-infected individuals. Complementary methods are reviewed, that if rigorously followed, will likely show a more accurate snapshot of the actual distribution of @entity778 in @entity1 .

title: Distribution of xenotropic @entity19 XXXX virus-related @entity778 in @entity5815 and @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['XMRV infection']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: @entity135 ( @entity213 [ @entity213 ]) are a heterogeneous group of @entity5 with varying presenting symptoms, treatment, and expected outcome. There is a need to find an effective way of its treatment at the molecular level. Thus, we should identify the mechanism of @entity5 cell response to damaging agents' activity, especially at DNA level. Our major goal was to evaluate the efficacy of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) repair in HTB-43 and @entity1 @entity5 cell lines as well as lymphocytes taken from @entity213 @entity1 and healthy donors. The DNA repair efficiency was measured by neutral comet assay as well as extrachromosomal assay for DNA DSBs repair (TAK assay). We determined the levels of two main pathways of DNA DSBs-nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination repair (HRR). Neutral comet assay was used for evaluation of DNA DSBs repair after treatment with genotoxic agents. DNA DSBs induced by gamma radiation were repaired slower in lymphocytes from @entity213 @entity1 than in lymphocytes from healthy controls. HTB-43 and @entity1 @entity5 cell lines have higher efficacy of NHEJ and HRR than lymphocytes taken from @entity1 as well as control subjects. Our results confirm the necessity of further studies on the mechanisms of DNA DSBs repair to provide insight into the molecular basis of @entity135 , which will allow us to improve methods of @entity213 treatment.

title: Evaluation of DNA double strand breaks repair efficiency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'Head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the percutaneous closure of the persistent ductus arteriosus with the Rashkind device. DESIGN: Clinical, angiographic and echocardiographic assessment of the @entity2461 at the time of the implantation of the first or second Rashkind device, followed by clinical and echocardiographic control at one, three and six months and yearly thereafter. @entity1 : Thirty two @entity1 with @entity2461 . Twenty seven were female and five male. Their ages ranged between 10 months and 33 years (6.8 +/- 7.7 years) and their weights between 7.3 and 52 (20.1 +/- 12.4) kg. Two @entity1 were excluded due to a ductal diameter greater than 8 mm. Thirty @entity1 had successful device implantation. METHODS: Implantation at cardiac catheterization of the Rashkind double umbrella occluder device in the narrowest portion of the @entity2461 . Twenty one @entity1 had one device implanted and five had the implantation of a second device four to 12 months later, due to persistent patency of the ductus. RESULTS: Total closure was achieved in 26 out of 30 @entity1 . In 21 @entity1 the occlusion was obtained with a single device and in five @entity1 with two devices. Among the remaining four @entity1 , one is awaiting the implantation of a second device and the other three are under follow-up as their first devices were implanted recently. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus with the Rashkind device represents an efficient and safe alternative to surgery in most @entity1 .

title: [Percutaneous closure of XXXX with the Rashkind device].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patency of the ductus arteriosus', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In most @entity1 with @entity262 ( @entity262 ), including @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and @entity17587 ( @entity11708 ), neoplastic cells express the oncogenic @entity2467 mutation @entity5311 , which confers resistance to @entity2213 . @entity8778 ( @entity17594 ) is a @entity2353 analog that has been introduced as a promising agent for treatment of advanced @entity262 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the in vitro effects of @entity17594 on growth of neoplastic MC, and the in vivo effects of @entity17594 (0.13 mg/kg/day intravenously, days 1-5; three to eight cycles) in seven @entity1 with advanced @entity262 . RESULTS: @entity8778 was found to inhibit growth of primary MC and the MC line HMC-1 in a dose-dependent manner, with lower IC(50) values recorded in HMC-1.2 cells harboring @entity2467 @entity5311 (IC(50): 10 ng/mL) compared to HMC-1.1 cells lacking @entity2467 @entity5311 (IC(50): 300 ng/mL). In two @entity1 with progressive smoldering @entity262 , @entity17594 produced a long-lasting response with a sustained decrease in serum tryptase levels, whereas in @entity1 with progressive @entity146 or @entity11708 , @entity17594 showed little if any effects. The drug was well-tolerated in most cases. However, one @entity1 developed a massive generalized purulent long-lasting @entity1910 . The antiproliferative effects of @entity17594 on MC were found to be associated with morphologic signs of apoptosis and caspase cleavage. @entity8778 did not counteract the kinase activity of @entity2467 @entity5311 or @entity2467 -downstream signaling molecules. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8778 may be a promising agent for treatment of progressive smoldering @entity2467 @entity5311 (+) @entity262 . In rapidly progressing @entity146 or @entity11708 , additional or alternative drugs are required to induce long-lasting antineoplastic effects.

title: In vitro and in vivo growth-inhibitory effects of XXXX on neoplastic mast cells exhibiting the @entity2213 -resistant @entity2467 mutation @entity5311 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive SM', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity17587 :: ('MESH:D007946', 'Disease') :: ['mast cell (MC) leukemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['SM', 'systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study was designed as a randomized, controlled, experimental study aiming to determine the effects of oral care with @entity3264 in preventing @entity2489 in @entity1 admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit. METHODS: The universe consisted of @entity1 who are admitted to neurosurgical intensive care unit between January 2014 and August 2015, while the sample consisted of 88 @entity1 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly selected. The study group received oral care with 5% @entity3264 , whereas the control group received oral care with 2% @entity5164 solution. DATA COLLECTING TOOLS: All date was acquired using @entity1 Information Form, Acute Physiological and Chronic Health Evaluation scale (APACHE II), Beck Oral Assessment Scale ( @entity15662 ), Mucosal Plaque Score (MPS) and Clinical @entity358 Score (CPIS). One-way ANOVA test was used for comparing parameters with normal distribution between groups along with descriptive statistical methods. Kruskal-Wallis Test was used for comparing parameters without normal distribution between groups. RESULTS: In the control group, mean @entity15662 score was 9.33  1.8 mean MPS score was 3.68  0.87 and mean CPIS score was 4.07  1.78. In the study group, mean @entity15662 score was 10.16  2.78, mean MPS score was 3.93  1.04 and mean CPIS score was 3.78  2.25. There was no statistically significant difference in mean scores at 1st day, 3rd day, 5th day and discharge (p>0.05). However, @entity15662 , MPS, CPIS and APACHE II scores was significantly lower at discharge than 1st day in both groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in using 5% @entity3264 or 2% @entity5164 solution for oral care for the prevention of @entity2489 . Similar studies with bigger sample size and longer term should be conducted for better results.

title: Effects of oral care with @entity3264 in preventing XXXX in neurosurgical intensive care unit @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary Infection']

entities_list: @entity5164 :: ('MESH:C010882', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine gluconate']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several case reports associated combined use of @entity6397 and antibacterial drugs with overanticoagulation. Despite the fact that these drugs are frequently prescribed concurrently, there is little quantitative information on the risks of such complications. OBJECTIVE: To study which antibacterial drugs are associated with overanticoagulation during therapy with @entity6397 . DESIGN: Population-based cohort study in a sample of the Rotterdam Study. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 who were treated with @entity11271 or @entity3924 in the study period from April 1, 1991 through December 31, 1998 and for whom INR data were available. METHODS: @entity1 were followed until an INR >/= 6.0, the end of their treatment, @entity204 or end of the study period. Proportional hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of an INR >/= 6.0 in relation to concomitant use of an oral anticoagulant and antibacterial drugs after adjustment for several potentially confounding factors such as age, gender, @entity409 , @entity5 , and @entity712 . RESULTS: Of the 1,124 @entity1 in the cohort, 351 developed an INR >/= 6.0. The incidence rate was 6.9 per 10,000 treatment days. @entity207 combined with @entity206 most strongly increased the risk of overanticoagulation with an adjusted relative risk of 20.1 (95% CI: 10.7-37.9). Stratification showed that the induction period of overanticoagulation varied between different antibacterial drugs. CONCLUSION: In this study among outpatients of an anticoagulation clinic using @entity11271 or @entity3924 , several antibacterial drugs strongly increased the risk of overanticoagulation. Awareness of these drug interactions and more frequent monitoring of INR values during the initial stages of antibacterial drug therapy are warranted to minimize the risk of @entity548 complications.

title: Overanticoagulation associated with combined use of antibacterial drugs and @entity11271 or XXXX anticoagulants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3924 :: ('MESH:D010644', 'Chemical') :: ['phenprocoumon']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity3924 :: (MESH:D010644,Chemical) :: ['phenprocoumon']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify Tofts model (TM) and shutter-speed model (SSM) perfusion parameters in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and noncancerous peripheral zone (PZ) and to compare the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity9243 -MRI) to Prostate Imaging and Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) classification for the assessment of @entity263 @entity146 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity263 @entity1 (mean age 60 years old) who underwent MRI at 3.0T followed by prostatectomy were included in this Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study. @entity9243 -MRI parameters (K(trans) , ve , kep [TM_SSM] and intracellular water molecule lifetime   i [SSM]) were determined in @entity263 and PZ. Differences in @entity9243 -MRI parameters between @entity263 and PZ, and between models were assessed using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for differentiation between @entity263 and PZ was performed for individual and combined @entity9243 -MRI parameters. Diagnostic performance of @entity9243 -MRI parameters for identification of aggressive @entity263 (Gleason >= 8, grade group [GG] >= 3 or pathology stage pT3) was assessed using ROC analysis and compared with PI-RADSv2 scores. RESULTS: @entity9243 -MRI parameters were significantly different between TM and SSM and between PZ and @entity263 (P < 0.037). Diagnostic performances of TM and SSM for differentiation of @entity263 from PZ were similar (highest AUC TM: K(trans) +kep 0.76, SSM:   i +kep 0.80). PI-RADS outperformed TM and SSM @entity9243 -MRI for identification of Gleason >= 8 lesions (AUC PI-RADS: 0.91, highest AUC @entity9243 -MRI: K(trans) +  i SSM 0.61, P   =   0.002). The diagnostic performance of PI-RADS and @entity9243 -MRI for identification of GG >= 3 and pT3 @entity263 was not significantly different (P > 0.213). CONCLUSION: SSM @entity9243 -MRI did not increase the diagnostic performance of @entity9243 -MRI for @entity263 characterization. PI-RADS outperformed both TM and SSM @entity9243 -MRI for identification of aggressive @entity5 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.

title: @entity9243 -MRI of the prostate using shutter-speed vs. Tofts model for @entity5 characterization and assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressiveness']


abstract: A 4-year-old @entity1 with @entity751 presented with a history of 4 prolonged autonomic @entity410 . The clinical features of her @entity410 included, in order of occurrence, blank staring, pallor, @entity391 , hemi-clonic movement on the right side, and unresponsiveness. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a slightly high T(2) signal in the left hippocampus. Interictal electoencephalogram revealed spikes in the occipital area of the left hemisphere. We analyzed the current-source distribution of the spikes to examine the relationship between the current source and the high T(2) signal. The current source of the occipital spikes was not only distributed in the occipital area of both cerebral hemispheres, but also extended to the posterior temporal area of the left hemisphere. These findings suggest that the left temporal lobe may be one of the hyperexcitable areas and form part of the epileptogenic area in this @entity1 . We hypothesized that the high T(2) signal in the left hippocampus of our @entity1 may not have been an incidental lesion, but instead may be related to the underlying electroclinical diagnosis of @entity751 , and particularly @entity410 . This notion is important because an abnormal T(2) signal in the hippocampus may represent an acute stage of hippocampal injury, although there is no previous report of hippocampal pathology in @entity751 . Therefore, long-term observation and serial follow-up MRIs may be needed to confirm the clinical significance of the T(2) signal change in the hippocampus of this @entity1 .

title: Signal change in hippocampus and current source of spikes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Panayiotopoulos syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Panayiotopoulos syndrome']


abstract: From January 1979 through December 1979, 2069 stool specimens received by our laboratory for enteric culturing were additionally examined for the presence of @entity5363 . The study population included inpatients, outpatients and hospital food handlers. @entity1 were included regardless of symptoms. Enteric pathogens were identified as follows: Salmonella, 27 isolates; @entity5363 , 26 isolates; and Shigella, 11 isolates. Twenty-five of 26 @entity1 with stool cultures positive for @entity5363 had an acute @entity5163 . @entity294 , @entity221 and chills were the most common symptoms. In most @entity1 the disease was self-limited, requiring only supportive therapy. A seasonal variation was noted, with 14 of the 26 @entity1 presenting between July and September.

title: XXXX : experience in a large Chicago medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study describes the current use of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) for @entity548 after @entity130 in the United States. We hypothesized that we could describe the setting in which rFVIIa would be most successful in arresting @entity548 after injury. STUDY DESIGN: This case registry study of @entity1 with @entity130 at risk for death from @entity548 at Level I and II @entity130 centers in the United States analyzed the administration of rFVIIa from admission to death from @entity548 . Secondary outcomes measures of interest were the use of blood products, days in the ICU, organ failure, and @entity715 . RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty injured @entity1 who received rFVIIa as an adjunct for @entity548 control were included in this analysis. The mean time from admission to administration of rFVIIa was 4.6 hours, with an average transfusion of 18 U blood before administration (range 0 to 99 U). Death from @entity548 rate was 30%. Predictors of a poor response to rFVIIa were a pH <7.2 (p < 0.0001), a platelet count <100,000 (p = 0.046), and blood pressure  <=90 mmHg (p < 0.0001) at the time of administration. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this case registry review, the precise role of rFVIIa in @entity548 is unclear. Surgeons choosing to use this drug as an adjunctive measure to reverse @entity1003 are advised to first correct shock, @entity520 , and @entity882 .

title: @entity130 , transfusions, and use of recombinant factor VIIa: A multicenter case registry report of 380 XXXX from the Western @entity130 Association.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']