abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the contribution of the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and the @entity283 II to addressing hypotheses regarding risk factors for type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: We carried out a narrative review of 1976 to 2016 @entity283 and @entity36762 . RESULTS: The @entity283 and @entity283 II have uncovered important roles in type 2 @entity6 for individual nutrients, foods, dietary patterns, and physical activity independent of excess body weight. Up to 90% of type 2 @entity6 cases are potentially preventable if individuals follow a healthy diet and lifestyle. The @entity283 investigations have also identified novel biomarkers for @entity6 , including adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, nutrition metabolites, and environmental pollutants, offering new insights into the pathophysiology of the disease. Global collaborative efforts have uncovered many common genetic variants associated with type 2 @entity6 and improved our understanding of gene-environment interactions. Continued efforts to identify epigenetic, metagenomic, and metabolomic risk factors for type 2 @entity6 have the potential to reveal new pathways and improve prediction and prevention. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past several decades, the @entity283 and @entity283 II have made major contributions to public health recommendations and strategies designed to reduce the global burden of @entity6 . (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print July 26, 2016: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303314).

title: Contribution of the Nurses' Health Studies to Uncovering Risk Factors for Type 2 XXXX : Diet, Lifestyle, Biomarkers, and Genetics.

entities_list: @entity36762 :: ('OMIM:603664', 'Disease') :: ['NHS II publications']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ["Nurses' Health Study", 'NHS']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case reports have suggested that perception of the eye region may be impaired more than that of other facial regions in @entity10400 . However, it is unclear how frequently this occurs, whether @entity73 are specific to a certain anatomic subtype of prosopagnosia, and whether these impairments are related to changes in the scanning of faces. We studied a large cohort of 11 subjects with this @entity395 , who had a variety of occipitotemporal or anterior temporal lesions, both unilateral and bilateral. Lesions were characterized by functional and structural imaging. Subjects performed a perceptual discrimination test in which they had to discriminate changes in feature position, shape, or external contour. Test conditions were manipulated to stress focused or divided attention across the whole face. In a second experiment we recorded eye movements while subjects performed a face memory task. We found that greater impairment for eye processing was more typical of subjects with @entity75 than those with anterior temporal lesions. This eye selectivity was evident for both eye position and shape, with no evidence of an upper/lower difference for external contour. A greater impairment for eye processing was more apparent under attentionally more demanding conditions. Despite these @entity51 , most subjects showed a normal tendency to scan the eyes more than the mouth. We conclude that @entity75 are associated with a partially selective processing loss for eye information and that this deficit may be linked to loss of the right fusiform face area, which has been shown to have activity patterns that emphasize the eye region.

title: Seeing the eyes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['occipitotemporal lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['such impairments']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual deficits']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['acquired prosopagnosia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity10400 :: (MESH:D020238,Disease) :: ['acquired prosopagnosia']


abstract: AIM: To explore whether Video-Shared Medical Appointments (video-SMA), where group education and medication titration were provided remotely through video-conferencing technology would improve @entity6 outcomes in remote rural settings. METHODS: We conducted a pilot where a team of a clinical pharmacist and a nurse practitioner from Honolulu VA hospital remotely delivered video-SMA in @entity6 to Guam. @entity1 with @entity6 and HbA1c >= 7% were enrolled into the study during 2013-2014. Six groups of 4-6 subjects attended 4 weekly sessions, followed by 2 bi-monthly booster video-SMA sessions for 5 months. @entity1 with HbA1c >= 7% that had primary care visits during the study period but not referred/recruited for video-SMA were selected as usual-care comparators. We compared changes from baseline in HbA1c, blood-pressure, and lipid levels using mixed-effect modeling between video-SMA and usual care groups. We also analyzed @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits and hospitalizations. Focus groups were conducted to understand @entity1 's perceptions. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 received video-SMA and charts of 69 subjects were abstracted as usual-care. After 5 months, there was a significant decline in HbA1c in video-SMA vs. usual-care (9.1  1.9 to 8.3  1.8 vs. 8.6  1.4 to 8.7  1.6, P=0.03). No significant change in blood-pressure or lipid levels was found between the groups. @entity1 in the video-SMA group had significantly lower rates of @entity341 visits (3.2% vs. 17.4%, P=0.01) than usual-care but similar hospitalization rates. Focus groups suggested @entity1 satisfaction with video-SMA and increase in self-efficacy in @entity6 self-care. CONCLUSION: Video-SMA is feasible, well-perceived and has the potential to improve @entity6 outcomes in a rural setting.

title: The utilization of video-conference shared medical appointments in rural XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1388 is the mainstay of @entity1547 prevention, and yet current applications offer incomplete protection and may not effectively address the infectious character of the disease. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of a novel combination therapy (CT; 2 mM @entity3091 , 4 mM tt- @entity37389 , 250 ppm of @entity1388 ) that supplements @entity1388 with naturally occurring, food-derived, antibiofilm compounds. Treatment regimens simulating those experienced clinically (twice daily for  <=60 s) were used both in vitro over a saliva-coated hydroxyapatite biofilm model and in vivo with a rodent model of @entity1547 . The effectiveness of CT was evaluated based on the incidence and severity of @entity1547 (compared to @entity1388 or vehicle control). We found that CT was superior to @entity1388 (positive control, P < 0.05); topical applications dramatically reduced caries development in @entity35 , all without altering the @entity6586 or total populations within the plaque. We subsequently identified the underlying mechanisms through which applications of CT modulate biofilm virulence. CT targets expression of key @entity6586 genes during biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo. These are associated with exopolysaccharide matrix synthesis (gtfB) and the ability to tolerate exogenous stress (e.g., sloA), which are essential for cariogenic biofilm assembly. We also identified a unique gene (SMU.940) that was severely repressed and may represent a potentially novel target; its inactivation disrupted exopolysaccharide accumulation and matrix development. Altogether, CT may be clinically more effective than current anticaries modalities, targeting expression of bacterial virulence associated with pathogenesis of the disease. These observations may have relevance for development of enhanced therapies against other biofilm-dependent @entity281 .

title: Novel antibiofilm chemotherapy targets exopolysaccharide synthesis and stress tolerance in XXXX to modulate virulence expression in vivo.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity3091 :: ('MESH:C040015', 'Chemical') :: ['myricetin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions', 'dental caries']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity7368 (Brevibloc) as an additional adjunct to low-dose @entity680 premedication in controlling the hemodynamic response [heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and intraocular pressure (IOP)] to @entity2900 and endotracheal intubation. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective study. SETTING: Ambulatory gynecologic surgery at a university medical center. @entity1 : Twenty ASA physical status I and II female @entity1 scheduled for outpatient laparoscopy under general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 received @entity680 10 micrograms/kg as a preoperative medication 4 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia. Study @entity1 (n = 10 in each group) received either @entity7368 1.5 mg/kg or a placebo (normal saline) 30 seconds prior to induction (210 seconds after @entity680 and 90 seconds prior to endotracheal intubation). Anesthesia was induced with thiopental @entity1372 5 mg/kg and @entity2900 1 mg/kg. Postintubation, 70% @entity3810 , 30% @entity26 , and 1% @entity5161 were administered. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Time of study drug administration was defined as time zero. Measurements of HR, MAP, and IOP were made at baseline ( @entity1 awake) and at each minute from minutes 1 through 6 after administration of the study drug (time zero). Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, with a value of p less than 0.05 considered significant. @entity7368 1.5 mg/kg was found to blunt the maximum increase in HR but not MAP or IOP following low-dose @entity680 premedication. CONCLUSIONS: In an eye @entity1 with @entity453 , or in any @entity1 in whom @entity591 may be detrimental, @entity7368 may be a useful adjunct in combination with low-dose @entity680 to attenuate the increase in HR due to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

title: Effect of XXXX on hemodynamics and intraocular pressure response to @entity2900 and intubation following low-dose @entity680 premedication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity7368 :: ('MESH:C036604', 'Chemical') :: ['esmolol hydrochloride', 'Esmolol', 'esmolol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

answer: @entity7368 :: (MESH:C036604,Chemical) :: ['esmolol']


abstract: Risk for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) is associated with age-related loss of sex @entity134 hormones in both @entity1 and @entity1 . In post-menopausal @entity1 , the precipitous depletion of @entity172 and progestogens is hypothesized to increase susceptibility to @entity195 pathogenesis, a concept largely supported by epidemiological evidence but refuted by some clinical findings. Experimental evidence suggests that @entity172 have numerous neuroprotective actions relevant to prevention of @entity195 , in particular promotion of neuron viability and @entity409 , a critical factor in the initiation and progression of @entity195 . Recent findings suggest neural responsiveness to @entity172 can diminish with age, reducing neuroprotective actions of @entity172 and, consequently, potentially limiting the utility of hormone therapies in aged @entity1 . In addition, @entity172 neuroprotective actions are also modulated by progestogens. Specifically, continuous progestogen exposure is associated with inhibition of @entity172 actions whereas cyclic delivery of @entity7828 may enhance neural benefits of @entity172 . In recent years, emerging literature has begun to elucidate a parallel relationship of sex @entity134 hormones and @entity195 risk in @entity1 . Normal age-related @entity251 loss in @entity1 is associated with increased risk to several diseases including @entity195 . Like @entity172 , @entity251 has been established as an endogenous neuroprotective factor that not only increases neuronal resilience against @entity195 , but also reduces beta-amyloid accumulation. @entity342 neuroprotective effects are mediated both directly by activation of @entity342 pathways and indirectly by aromatization to @entity53 and initiation of protective @entity172 signaling mechanisms. The successful use of hormone therapies in aging @entity1 and @entity1 to delay, prevent, and or treat @entity195 will require additional research to optimize key parameters of hormone therapy and may benefit from the continuing development of selective @entity172 and @entity342 receptor modulators.

title: Protective actions of sex @entity134 hormones in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of beta-amyloid accumulation']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestogens']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD-related insults', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity6220 , such as @entity64 or @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), are followed by both cortical and spinal neuronal reorganization. In a severe chronic @entity1566 a spinal @entity528 develops which is reflected in an exhaustion of leg muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during assisted locomotion and a change in the dominance from an early to a late polysynaptic spinal reflex (SR) component. The aim of this study was to investigate the course of spinal neuronal function after a severe @entity64 , i.e., a unilateral deprivation of supraspinal input. In 30 @entity64 subjects locomotor and SR behavior were assessed. SR responses in the tibialis anterior muscle were evoked by non-noxious tibial nerve stimulation on both, the affected and the unaffected leg. In nine @entity64 subjects EMG activity of the leg muscles was recorded during assisted locomotion. In a similar way to @entity1566 subjects, in severely affected chronic (>12 months post-incidence) @entity64 subjects a late SR component was prominent in the affected leg, while an early one dominated in the unaffected leg. The late SR component correlated with @entity1269 (rho=0.714) and walking ability (rho=0.493). In contrast to @entity1566 subjects, no exhaustion of the EMG activity was observed in the affected leg muscles during prolonged assisted locomotion. It is concluded that spinal neuronal circuits undergo functional changes also after a @entity64 which have common as well as divergent features compared to @entity1566 subjects. As a consequence, different rehabilitative strategies might be required.

title: Spinal @entity528 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system lesions']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paresis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is still unclear whether long-term reflux episodes result in morphological changes in the lower esophageal sphincter or not. If the answer is supposedly yes, do these changes influence the postoperative functional results following antireflux surgery? METHODOLOGY: Between 1 January 2002 and 2004, we performed antireflux surgery on 85 @entity1 . Muscle samples were taken from the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) in 57 @entity1 on operation. @entity1 with endoscopic findings of moderate or severe @entity354 --Los Angeles B, C, D--were excluded. Control samples were obtained from muscle tissue at the gastroesophageal junction that had been removed from 16 @entity1 undergoing gastric or esophageal resection. Histologic ( @entity1710 and @entity1711 and Giemsa), and immunohistologic (S-100 Protein, @entity4049 - @entity21331 , alpha-SMA) and electronmicroscopic analysis were used to evaluate the specimens. The number of smooth muscle cell nuclei in these intraoperative biopsies was used to compare the results of antireflux operations (Visick I and II-III). RESULTS: In 19% (11/57) of the reflux-type LES muscle samples perivascular inflammatory infiltration has been noted and in 6 of these cases (6/57 = 11%) this has incorporated marked intramuscular and adventitial granulocyte infiltration. In one @entity1 (1/57 = 2%) eosinophil infiltration of the myenteric plexus and the ganglion has been revealed. Significantly lower Schwann and smooth muscle cell count could be detected in LES muscle samples taken from @entity1 with @entity354 (p < 0.05). The analysis of the values of the 9 @entity1 in Visick groups II and III at two months after surgery, has shown a significant decrease in the number of smooth muscle cell nuclei as compared to those @entity1 in Visick group I (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results draw attention to the morphological changes occurring in the LES muscles of reflux @entity1 . The enteric @entity4494 induced by @entity354 may result in various functional @entity1208 . The histologic changes--that very much resemble @entity1184 --developing in LES muscles may serve as a reason for symptoms after antireflux surgery, presumably for the most common complaint of @entity1282 .

title: Morphological changes in the lower esophageal sphincter influencing the result of antireflux surgical interventions in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglionitis']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: @entity1911 are highly angiogenic @entity5 . The side effects of treatment with cytotoxic agents frequently outweigh the benefits. @entity5 are highly angiogenic, dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor (VEGFR) activation. @entity2240 has antitumor and antiangiogenic activities that target VEGFRs. We investigated the antitumor activity of liposomal @entity2240 and @entity2600 alone and in combination. Liposomal @entity2240 and @entity2600 , and liposomes co-loaded with both drugs were prepared, and antitumor activity and biodistribution were examined in @entity19 bearing PC12 @entity5 . Liposomal @entity2240 increased @entity7027 ( @entity7027 , 14.3%) compared with free @entity2240 (-17.1% @entity7027 ) with moderate @entity5 growth suppression, whereas liposomal @entity2600 suppressed @entity5 growth significantly without a survival benefit compared with free @entity2600 (-21.7 and -13.3% ILSs, respectively). The combination of liposomal @entity2240 plus liposomal @entity2600 , and liposomes co-loaded with both drugs, induced significant inhibition of @entity5 growth and increased life-span more than the combination of free drugs. Accumulation of @entity2600 in @entity5 by the combination of the two liposomal drugs and liposomes co-loaded with both drugs was significantly increased compared with the combination of free drugs. This study provides novel formulations of @entity2240 and @entity2600 in combination for the treatment of @entity1911 .

title: A combination of liposomal XXXX plus liposomal @entity2600 and liposome co-loaded with two drugs enhanced antitumor activity in PC12-bearing @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['in life span', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'Pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Neuroendocrine tumors', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anti-inflammatory actions of @entity117 ( @entity1281 )/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are thought to be due to inhibition of @entity2247 , whereas the side effects such as @entity1819 and @entity117 -induced @entity565 are mediated through inhibition of @entity9859 . Therefore, a new class of drugs with @entity2247 selectivity may be well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity1281 /NSAIDs @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether subjects with @entity565 and/or @entity480 ( @entity480 ) and analgesic intolerance proven by oral @entity1281 provocation test tolerated the selective @entity2247 inhibitor, @entity9213 . METHODS: All subjects were first challenged with @entity1281 using a 2-day, single-blind, placebo-controlled oral provocation test. Thereafter, the subjects showing positive response to @entity1281 provocation underwent a single-blind, placebo-controlled challenge with a cumulative dose of 7.5 mg of @entity9213 on 2 separate days. One and three fourths of the divided doses of placebo and the active drug were given at 1-hour intervals. Clinical symptoms, lung function, and blood pressure were monitored during these challenge protocols. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity565 and/or @entity480 (10 males and 11 females; mean age: 38.4 +/- 2.9 years) who reacted to @entity1281 challenges were enrolled in the study. Response to @entity1281 provocation was @entity2490 + @entity5143 in 13, and extrabronchial reactions in 8 ( @entity2490 in 3) @entity1 . Mean PD(20) was 163.4 +/- 39.9 mg @entity1281 among @entity1 who reacted with @entity5143 to @entity1281 . Only 1 @entity1 reacted to @entity9213 challenge at a cumulative dose of 7.5 mg. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that 7.5 mg of @entity9213 is a safe alternative treatment for @entity1281 -hypersensitive @entity565 and/or @entity480 @entity1 with proven @entity56 via oral @entity1281 challenges.

title: Safety of @entity9213 in @entity117 -hypersensitive XXXX with @entity565 and/or @entity480 . A challenge-proven study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric damage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['isolated rhinitis', 'rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Nine anesthetized @entity235 were studied for four to five hours after administration of extracorporeal shock waves to one kidney, the contralateral organ serving as control. Urinary excretion of electrolytes, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) and @entity7199 , clearances of @entity1011 , inulin and @entity10945 ( @entity2556 ), serum @entity1369 level and plasma @entity1122 activity (PRA) were determined. On the exposed side there was a significant increase in urinary flow and urinary NAG excretion, and a significant fall in urinary osmolality. Effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was reduced and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) unchanged, thus filtration fraction (FF) was increased. Extraction of @entity2556 was significantly reduced compared with the control kidney. On the control side there was a significant increase in urinary flow and excretion of electrolytes, and a significant fall in urinary osmolality. GFR was increased and ERPF unchanged. FF therefore increased also on this side. The mean rise of PRA in the exposed kidney was higher than in the control kidney, the difference being not significant (p = 0.09). Our results may indicate a triggering of the @entity1122 -angiotensin system, and an effect on proximal tubular function following exposure of extracorporeal shock waves.

title: Acute physiological changes in XXXX kidneys following exposure to extracorporeal shock waves.

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity10945 :: ('MESH:D010130', 'Chemical') :: ['para-amino-hippuric acid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity3360 and @entity1854 for breakthrough @entity101 following carotid endarterectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled effectiveness trial. SETTING: University-based surgical intensive care unit. @entity1 : 60 ASA physical status I, II, III, and @entity915 @entity1 experiencing breakthrough @entity101 at the time of admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 received either @entity3360 (n = 29) and placebo or @entity1854 (n = 31) and placebo for up to 6 hours postoperatively. Loading doses of @entity3360 were provided, but placebo was used as a load for @entity1 randomized to @entity1854 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Rapidity and variability of blood pressure (BP) control were assessed. During the first 10 minutes, 83% of @entity3360 @entity1 compared to 23% of @entity1854 -treated @entity1 , achieved BP control (p < 0.01). Following initial control, 12 @entity3360 - and 24 @entity1854 -treated @entity1 required additional titration of their infusions to maintain blood pressure within the targeted range (p < 0.05). No @entity1 suffered a @entity64 , @entity583 , or was returned to the operating room (OR) for @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3360 administration produced more rapid BP control, most likely related to the administration of a loading dose. In addition to more rapid control, @entity3360 -treated @entity1 had less variability in BP and required significantly fewer additional interventions. Although no @entity1 suffered a major event during this study, this study was not powered sufficiently to assess safety.

title: XXXX versus @entity1854 for breakthrough @entity101 following carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine', 'Nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['Nicardipine']


abstract: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral av-differences of @entity26 and circulating substrates were measured in normocapnic @entity1 during general anaesthesia before elective surgery in order to study possible age-dependent variations. CBF was determined by a minor modification of the Kety-Schmidt technique from desaturation curves of @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) in arterial and cerebral venous blood ( @entity3727 analysed by gas chromatography on 15 mul blood samples) after reduction of inhaled @entity3727 from 75 to 50%. The reproducibility was +/-4.6%. @entity880 , @entity2388 and @entity26 were determined in whole blood and @entity1522 in plasma by ion-exchange chromatography. Reliable av-differences of @entity413 , @entity4323 and @entity10488 could be calculated from plasma values and hematocrits. Mean values from 12 @entity1 (age 11 days-12 months) were: CBF 69 ml/100 g0min-1; cerebral uptake (in mumoles/100 g- @entity1009 ): @entity26 104, @entity413 27, @entity4323 0.9, @entity10488 2.3; cerebral release: @entity880 2.4 and @entity2388 0.8. Significant uptake of @entity1522 was found only for @entity3793 0.95 and @entity369 0.7. Significant correlations between arterial concentration and cerebral exchange were found for: @entity7222 , @entity369 , @entity815 , @entity2574 , @entity563 , @entity1160 and @entity4323 . CBF and substrate exchange were unrelated to age within the group. @entity1 had higher mean CBF and greater uptake of @entity6178 bodies than has been reported in adults.

title: Cerebral blood flow and exchange of @entity26 , @entity413 , @entity6178 bodies, @entity880 , XXXX and @entity1522 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity10488 :: ('CHEBI:10983', 'Chemical') :: ['D-beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6755 , after being considered as a potential surrogate for VH mutational status, has seen its own prognostic value emerge. We aimed at standardizing a simple, fast, and reproducible flow cytometry method. METHODS: AntiZAP-70 antibody 2F3.2 was used with indirect labeling and secondary anti-IgG2a antibody. The reference values for the expression of the results were determined on 45 normal blood samples. @entity6755 protein expression was investigated in 192 @entity1072 samples. The indirect technique was compared with @entity2823 -conjugated 2F3.2 clone, and with clone 1E7.2- @entity2823 , -PE or - @entity21112 . RESULTS: Using @entity2823 or PE-conjugated antibodies, 2F3.2 and 1E7.2 clones allowed a much less adequate discrimination between positive and negative cells and discordant cases were most likely true negative cases. Using the @entity21112 conjugated 1E7.2 clone, the discordant cases were mostly negative with the conjugated antibody and positive with the 2F3.2 clone but Western blotting or RNA microarray confirmed discordant cases were false negative with the conjugated antibody. Subsequently, recommendations were used by 13 centers participating in an interlaboratory quality control protocol. The use of MFI ratio appeared to be more reliable. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested that slight differences in the procedure had little impact on the interpretation in characteristic cases; however, careful interpretation was required for values close to threshold.

title: National standardization of XXXX determination by flow cytometry: the French experience.

answer: @entity6755 :: (7535,Gene) :: ['ZAP-70']


abstract: Imported green onion has been associated with three large outbreaks in the USA. Contamination has been found on both domestic and imported green onions. The objective of our study was to investigate @entity526 O157:H7 inactivation efficacy of pulsed light (PL) as well as its combination with surfactant and/or sanitizers on green onions. Green onions were cut into two segments, stems and leaves, to represent two different matrixes. Stems were more difficult to be decontaminated. Spot and dip inoculation methods were compared and dipped inoculated green onions were found to be more difficult to be decontaminated. Results showed that 5s dry PL (samples were not immersed in water during PL treatment) and 60s wet PL (samples were immersed in water and stirred during PL treatment) treatments provided promising inactivation efficacy (>4log10CFU/g) for spot inoculated stems and leaves. For dip inoculated green onions, 60s wet PL treatment was comparable with 100ppm @entity3878 washing, demonstrating that PL could be used as an alternative to @entity3878 . To further increase the degree of microbial inactivation, combined treatments were applied. PL combined with surfactant ( @entity214 ) was found to be more effective than single treatments of PL, @entity214 , @entity3878 , @entity1792 , @entity4745 , and @entity273 , and binary combined treatments of PL with one of those chemicals. Addition of @entity3878 or @entity273 to the PL- @entity214 combination did not further enhanced its microbial inactivation efficacy. The combination of PL and 1000ppm of @entity214 reduced the @entity526 O157:H7 populations dip inoculated on the stems and leaves of green onions by 1.4 and 3.1log10CFU/g, respectively. Our findings suggest that PL could potentially be used for decontamination of @entity526 O157:H7 on green onions, with wet PL added with @entity214 being the most effective PL treatment.

title: Decontamination of XXXX O157:H7 on green onions using pulsed light (PL) and PL-surfactant-sanitizer combinations.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity6446 is a rare syndrome characterized by @entity6446 and @entity2695 seen in various tissues and organs. We report anesthetic management of a 33-year-old @entity1 with @entity2695 due to @entity6446 undergoing removal of a @entity977 . The preoperative examination revealed @entity2695 in the head, neck, right upper and lower extremities, the tongue and the pharynx. In the operating room, we observed the locations of @entity2695 in the tongue and pharynx in detail using a fiberoptic bronchoscope before induction of anesthesia. Since there was a risk of @entity397 of a large @entity2695 by using a laryngoscope, we planned fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided tracheal intubation without using a laryngoscope. After intravenous administration of @entity1875 and @entity2898 , a fiberoptic bronchoscope was orally introduced into the @entity825 and then the @entity825 was intubated with a flexible @entity5274 , preventing contact of the fiber or endotracheal tube with the @entity2695 . In addition, @entity2695 on the body surface were wrapped up with soft dressing to prevent @entity397 . Surgery was uneventfully completed. The @entity825 was carefully extubated, and @entity548 from @entity2695 was not observed. Since @entity1 with @entity6446 have @entity2695 , it is important to check for the presence of a @entity2695 in the upper airway in anesthetic management.

title: [Anesthetic management of a @entity1 with XXXX for removal of a @entity977 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'multiple hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['spiral endotracheal tube']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['Maffucci syndrome', 'multiple enchondromas']

answer: @entity6446 :: (MESH:D004687,Disease) :: ['Maffucci syndrome']


abstract: The innate capacity of @entity19 to control mycobacterial multiplication early after @entity281 is controlled by the resistant allele of the @entity43774 /Bcg gene. The Bcg gene seems to be involved in a pathway leading to macrophage activation. It differentially affects the ability of BCG-resistant and -susceptible strains of @entity19 to express important macrophage genes including Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II genes. An inhibition of @entity43774 gene by @entity43774 -ribozyme transfection in macrophages resulted in the impairment of MHC class II gene induction by @entity60 . In this study, we have investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in @entity60 -induced MHC class II expression using macrophages derived from @entity19 resistant or susceptible to @entity281 (B10R and B10S, respectively). We have found that the difference in the @entity60 -induced Ia surface protein expression between B10R and B10S macrophages correlate with a higher rate of I- @entity22561 gene transcription. We have also studied the binding of proteins prepared from nuclear extracts of non-stimulated and @entity60 -stimulated B10R and B10S macrophages to the S, X and Y cis-acting elements of the @entity22561 promoter. Differences observed in protein binding to the X box may explain the difference in transcription activation of the @entity22561 gene. We have also found that @entity43775 and I- @entity22561 mRNA half-lives measured in @entity60 -stimulated cells are significantly longer in B10R, compared to B10S macrophages. Overall, our data suggest that both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms are responsible for the more efficient expression of @entity22561 gene in macrophages carrying a resistant allele of @entity43774 gene.

title: I- @entity22561 gene expression regulation in macrophages derived from @entity19 susceptible or resistant to XXXX with M. bovis BCG.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'mycobacterial infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity1 with carotid @entity432 is controversial. A few studies have concluded that @entity1 with @entity432 carry a high risk of neurologic events. None of these previously reported studies analyze the natural history of internal @entity432 contralateral to carotid endarterectomy (CEA), except for a small series including a subset of @entity1 from two randomized trials, the Asymptomatic @entity2998 Study and the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. This study analyzes the natural history of @entity1 with carotid @entity432 contralateral to CEA, specifically assessing long-term neurologic events occurring in the hemisphere associated with the occluded @entity2998 . METHODS: Of the 599 CEAs in 544 @entity1 that were included in two previously updated prospective studies, 63 @entity1 had @entity432 , and their perioperative and long-term outcomes were evaluated. A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the rate of freedom from late @entity64 occurring in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the occluded @entity2998 . The @entity64 -free survival rate was also noted. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 58 months (range, 1 to 147 months). One perioperative @entity64 (1.6%) occurred, which was not in the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the occluded @entity2998 . Two late @entity64 (3.2%) and nine transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) (14.3%) occurred involving the hemisphere of the occluded @entity2998 . There were also three late TIAs (4.8%) and no late @entity64 involving the hemisphere supplied by the operative site. There were a total of 14 late deaths. Fifteen @entity1 had late > or =50% restenosis of the operative side. Six of these had neurologic events ( @entity4905 / @entity64 ) involving the hemisphere of the occluded @entity2998 , in contrast to five of 48 @entity1 with no restenosis who had neurologic symptoms (P < .001). Freedom from late @entity64 in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the occluded @entity2998 at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 98%, 96%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. The @entity64 -free survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 90%, 87%, 80%, and 59%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of carotid @entity432 contralateral to CEA is relatively benign. This may suggest a protective effect of carotid endarterectomy on the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the carotid occlusion from late @entity64 .

title: Natural history of carotid XXXX contralateral to carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['Carotid Atherosclerosis', 'carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion', 'artery occlusion', 'internal carotid artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Curettage is one of the most common treatment options for @entity3478 and @entity5 like lesions. The resultant defect is usually filled. We report our outcome curettage of @entity3478 and @entity5 like lesions without filling the cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 42 @entity1 (28 males and 14 females) with @entity3478 who had undergone curettage without grafting or filling of the defect by any other bone graft substitute. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 14 to 66 years. The most common histological diagnosis was that of @entity2967 followed by simple bone @entity2001 , @entity82 , @entity81 , and @entity84 and @entity2253 . Of the 15 @entity2967 , 4 were radiographic grade 1 lesions, 8 were grade 2 and 3 grade 3. The mean maximum diameter of the cysts was 5.1 (range 1.1-9 cm) cm and the mean volume of the lesions was 34.89 cm(3) (range 0.94-194.52 cm(3)). The plain radiographs of the part before and after curettage were reviewed to establish the size of the initial defect and the rate of reconstitution, filling and remodeling of the @entity79 . @entity1 were reviewed every 3 monthly for a minimum period of 2 years. RESULTS: Most of the @entity79 completely reconstituted to a normal appearance while the rest filled partially. Two @entity1 had preoperative and three had @entity86 . All the @entity174 healed uneventfully. Local recurrence occurred in three @entity1 with @entity2967 who were then reoperated. All other @entity1 had unrestricted activities of daily living after surgery. The rate of bone reconstitution, risk of subsequent @entity174 or the incidence of complications was related to the size of the cyst/ @entity5 at diagnosis. The @entity79 with volume greater than approximately 70 cm(3) were found to have higher incidence of complications. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the natural healing ability of bone without filling with bone grafts or bone graft substitutes. In selected sizes and locations of the benign @entity5 and @entity5 like lesions extended curettage alone can be sufficient.

title: XXXX and @entity5 like lesions: A retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2253 :: ('MESH:D006101', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell reparative granuloma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['benign lytic bone tumors', 'benign bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lytic tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors', 'giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['cyst, aneurysamal bone cyst, enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'benign cystic bone lesions', 'bone defect']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fractures']

entities_list: @entity84 :: ('MESH:D002804', 'Disease') :: ['chondroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['chondromyxoid fibroma']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['Curettage of benign bone tumors']


abstract: One hundred and seven newly diagnosed, untreated @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) were divided into two groups according to their age at reported onset of symptoms. Of these, 79 @entity1 were under age 70 (early-onset) and 28 @entity1 were age 70 and over (late-onset). The group of 50 control subjects comprised spouses, friends of the @entity191 @entity1 , and community volunteers. The @entity1 were @entity1 in a multicenter drug study of @entity191 . Each had received a detailed neurological and neuropsychological assessment in the baseline placebo phases of the study. Thirty-4 @entity1 with early-onset and 12 @entity1 with late-onset were reassessed 3 years after treatment with low-dose levodopa, with @entity2847 , or with a combination of the two drugs. The results of the baseline phase of the study revealed that 8% of the early-onset group and 32% of the late-onset group were classified as demented. The 3-year follow-up revealed that the prevalence of @entity303 had increased to 17% in the early-onset group and to 83% in the late-onset group. This study confirms that at least two distinct subtypes of @entity191 exist. The subtypes differ both clinically and neuropsychologically. The age at onset of symptoms is a critical determinant of the rate and type of @entity73 in @entity191 .

title: The evolution of @entity303 in XXXX : neuropsychological and clinical evidence in support of subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['idiopathic Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Nordy, a synthesized lipoxygenase Inhibitor, on the expression of @entity5038 ( @entity5038 ) and its functional activities after activation in @entity1 @entity11 cells. METHODS: @entity1 @entity11 cells of the line U87 were cultured and divided into 3 groups: @entity5037 ( @entity14915 ) group, added with 100 nmol/L fMLF; Nordy group, added with 100 micromol/L Nordy for 12 h and then added with 100 nmol/L fMLF; and control group. The expression of @entity5038 I the U87 cells was detected with indirect immunofluorescence staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The effect of Nordy on the U87 cell proliferation induced by fMLF was assayed by @entity98 method. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity687 ( @entity687 ) in the U87 cells. ELISA was used to detect protein secretion of @entity7 and @entity687 in the supernatant. RESULTS: @entity5038 was expressed on the cytoplasmic membrane of U87 cells. The mean @entity5038 absorbance of the Nordy group was significantly lower than that of the fMLF group. The U87 cell proliferation of the Nordy group was significantly inhibited in comparison with the other 2 groups. The mRNA expression of @entity7 and mRNA expression of @entity687 in the U87 cells activated by fMLF were significantly higher than those of the control group (both P<0.05), and Nordy significantly attenuated the mRNA expression of @entity7 and @entity687 at different time points (all P<0.05). ELISA showed that the @entity7 and @entity687 protein levels in the supernatant were 4.14 ng/ml+/-0.28 ng/ml and 4.03 ng/ml+/-0.59 ng/ml respectively, and increased to 6.46 ng/ml+/-0.33 ng/ml and 7.54 ng/ml+/-0.73 ng/ml respectively after stimulation of fMLF, however, the @entity7 and @entity687 protein levels in the supernatant of the Nordy group were 3.59 ng/ml+/-0.33 ng/ml and 3.13 ng/ml+/-0.48 ng/ml respectively. CONCLUSION: Nordy inhibits the @entity5038 expression and the effects in promoting the cell proliferation and mRNA expression and protein secretion of @entity7 and @entity687 after the activation of @entity5038 in malignant @entity1 @entity11 cells, showing that Nordy has the effects of inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity7499 .

title: [Nordy inhibits cell proliferation and angiogenic factor production of malignant @entity1 XXXX cells mediated by @entity5038 ].

entities_list: @entity5038 :: ('2357', 'Gene') :: ['FPR', 'formylpeptide receptor']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Specification of mass properties is an essential step in the modeling of jaw dynamics, but obtaining them can be difficult. Here, we used three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) to estimate jaw mass, mean bone density, anatomical locations of the mass and geometric centers, and moments of @entity1806 in the @entity1707 jaw. High-resolution CT scans were performed at one-mm slice intervals on specimens submerged in water. The mean estimated jaw mass was 12% greater than the mean wet weight, and 33% more than the mean dry weight. Putative bone marrow accounted for an extra 13% of mass. There was a positive correlation between estimated mean bone density and age. The mass center was consistently in the midline, near the last molar. The mean distance between the mass center and geometric center was small, especially when bone marrow was taken into account (0.58 +/- 0.21 mm), suggesting that mass distribution in the @entity1707 jaw is almost symmetrical with respect to its geometric center. The largest moment of @entity1806 occurred around each mandible's supero-inferior @entity2270 , and the smallest around its antero-posterior @entity2270 . Bone marrow contributed an extra 9% to the moments of @entity1806 in all three axes. Linear relationships were found between the actual mass and a mass descriptor (product of the bounding volume and mean bone density), and between the moments of @entity1806 and moments of @entity1806 descriptors (products of the mass descriptor and two orthogonal dimensions forming the bounding box). The study suggests that imaging modalities revealing three-dimensional jaw shape may be adequate for estimating the bone mass properties in @entity1707 .

title: Mass properties of the XXXX mandible.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity1729 (LRTIs) are a major disease burden and are often treated with antibiotics. Typically, studies evaluating the use of antibiotics focus on immediate costs of care, and do not account for the wider implications of antimicrobial resistance. AIM: This study sought to establish whether antibiotics (principally @entity115 ) are cost effective in @entity1 with LRTIs, and to explore the implications of taking into account costs associated with resistance. DESIGN AND SETTING: Multinational randomised double-blinded trial in 2060 @entity1 with acute cough/LRTIs recruited in 12 European countries. METHOD: A cost-utility analysis from a health system perspective with a time horizon of 28 days was conducted. The primary outcome measure was the quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Hierarchical modelling was used to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs). RESULTS: @entity115 was associated with an ICER of    8216 (  6540) per QALY gained when the cost of resistance was excluded. If the cost of resistance is greater than    11 (  9) per @entity1 , then @entity115 treatment is no longer cost effective. Including possible estimates of the cost of resistance resulted in ICERs ranging from    14 730 (  11 949) per QALY gained - when only multidrug resistance costs and health care costs are included - to    727 135 (  589 856) per QALY gained when broader societal costs are also included. CONCLUSION: Economic evaluation of antibiotic prescribing strategies that do not include the cost of resistance may provide misleading results that could be of questionable use to policymakers. However, further work is required to estimate robust costs of resistance.

title: Cost effectiveness of @entity115 for lower XXXX in primary care: an economic evaluation accounting for the cost of antimicrobial resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['Amoxicillin', 'amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: AIM: To compare a gel made with chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) with a cream of @entity1133 as an intervention to delay the time to occurrence of @entity20787 . BACKGROUND: @entity20787 is one of the most common adverse effects of radiotherapy in @entity1 with @entity135 . It is characterized by erythema, itching, @entity158 , skin @entity809 , and there is no consensus on how to prevent it. DESIGN: The study is a randomized controlled clinical trial. METHODS: We will recruit 48 individuals with @entity135 who will be starting their radiotherapy and randomize them to receive either gel of chamomile or cream of @entity1133 , as an intervention for prevention of @entity20787 . Social-demographic data will be collected at baseline, and clinical data will be collected before the initiation of radiotherapy. @entity1 will be followed weekly to assess development of @entity20787 . The protocol is funded by Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cient  fico (Brazil). The study was approved by a research ethics committee. DISCUSSION: Given the clinical relevance of preventing @entity20787 and the lack of evidence supporting specific preventive interventions, it is important to study new products that might be efficacious to prevent this complication. This article presents the protocol of a randomized controlled trial comparing a gel made with chamomile (intervention) with a cream of @entity1133 (control) to prevent @entity20787 in @entity1 with @entity135 undergoing radiotherapy.

title: Gel of chamomile vs. @entity1133 cream to prevent acute radiation dermatitis in @entity1 with XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['breakage and burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation dermatitis', 'radiation dermatitis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate our protocol with the modified skin incision without bone graft in the treatment of @entity7334 in a consecutive series. METHODS: Thirty-three displaced @entity7334 operatively treated by a single surgeon were evaluated. Each @entity174 was managed according to a standardized protocol that included an oblique lateral incision and stable internal fixation, without supplemental bone graft. @entity174 were classified according to two accepted criteria. @entity1 were evaluated with serial clinical and radiographic examinations. Final evaluation was made after at least a 2-year follow-up and was determined by the use of a functional outcome assessment questionnaire. RESULTS: Anatomic or near @entity4142 reductions were obtained in 97% of cases. All @entity174 healed without loss of @entity1613 . Excellent or good results were achieved in 88% of @entity1893 @entity1 and 27% of @entity1538 @entity1 . @entity174 with @entity4142 reductions were more likely to achieve a good or excellent result. Ninety-two percent of @entity1 returned to the workforce. Complications included one @entity2737 and five cases of @entity924 requiring hardware removal. One @entity1 underwent subtalar fusion secondary to painful @entity625 . CONCLUSIONS: The open reduction and internal fixation using our standardized protocol is an effective method of treatment for @entity7334 .

title: Standardized treatment of XXXX using an oblique lateral incision and no bone graft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["worker's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['superficial wound infection']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial reduction or collapse']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular calcaneal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-worker's compensation"]

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular calcaneal fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To revise the Pain Quality Assessment Scale (PQAS) using feedback from @entity1 to further increase its validity. METHODS: This project involved 3 cognitive interviewing studies. In Study 1, a group of @entity1 with @entity1118 (N=20) were asked a series of questions regarding the PQAS's understandability, and invited to make suggestions regarding how the measure could be improved. In Study 2, a second group of @entity1 (N=21) responded to questions about a modified version of the PQAS. The PQAS was further modified on the basis of the findings of Study 2, and in Study 3 the @entity1 were asked to indicate whether the changes made improved the understandability of the PQAS further. RESULTS: The @entity1 in Studies 1 and 2 identified portions of the PQAS instructions and some of the PQAS items that could be modified to increase their understandability. Modifications resulted in a revised PQAS that was deemed by @entity1 with @entity1118 to be more understandable than the original PQAS by the majority of @entity1 . DISCUSSION: testing can be used to improve the understandability of @entity158 measures. The results of cognitive testing with the PQAS indicated that much of the content of the original instructions and items were understandable as written, but that minor changes could be made to make them even clearer to @entity1 with @entity1118 . The changes made resulted in a revised PQAS that is more understandable and may therefore be even more useful than with the original PQAS.

title: Cognitive testing and revision of the XXXX quality assessment scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity452 and @entity2647 on intra- and postoperative survival in @entity1641 undergoing emergency abdominal surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case analysis. ANIMALS: A total of 637 client-owned @entity1641 undergoing colic surgery. METHODS: Clinical details of @entity1641 admitted for colic surgery were recorded on a computer database. Information collected included history, clinical variables observed before surgery, anaesthesia and surgical details, and postoperative survival and morbidity rates. Details of specific importance for this study were those recorded during anaesthesia, in particular the duration of @entity452 and @entity2647 administration, separately and combined, and total anaesthesia time. Two outcomes were considered: 1) intra-operative @entity204 , i.e. @entity204 between time of pre-anaesthetic medication and recovery from anaesthesia (defined as @entity1641 walking from recovery box); and 2) all deaths, i.e. @entity204 at any time after induction of anaesthesia. The definition of ' @entity204 ' included euthanasia. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between @entity452 and/or @entity2647 use and these two outcomes. RESULTS: Results from univariable analyses suggested that @entity452 administration was not significantly associated with increased intra- or postoperative mortality. @entity2647 administration showed univariable association with intra- and @entity204 . However, in multivariable models adjusted for the effects of heart rate and packed cell volume at admission, the @entity2647 effect was not significantly associated with intra-operative, or other types of @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This study provides no evidence to suggest that @entity452 or @entity2647 administration is associated with altered survival rates during or after colic surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our study supports previous work, suggesting that pre-existing @entity65 is an important prognostic determinant in @entity1641 colic cases. It provides no evidence that @entity452 or @entity2647 administration is associated with survival.

title: The effect of inotropic and/or vasopressor support on postoperative survival following XXXX colic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['horses', 'horse', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine', 'Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular status']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endobronchial @entity378 (EBTB) has been shown to frequently complicate @entity850 , a condition which can induce @entity1353 as a result of @entity1224 , and is also frequently misdiagnosed as either @entity2 . OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine whether there was a correlation between @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) levels in the serum and bronchial washing fluid (BWF), and the results of the treatment of EBTB @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 , all of whom were diagnosed as EBTB, were enrolled, as were 10 healthy control subjects. @entity379 and @entity2533 levels were measured by the ELISA method in the serum and BWF of these 30 EBTB @entity1 before and after treatment. The EBTB @entity1 were divided into two groups: those who exhibited @entity850 after treatment and those who did not. Chest computed tomography (CT) and pulmonary function test (PFT) were performed in 16 and 25 @entity1 , respectively, at initial bronchoscopy. RESULTS: @entity379 and @entity2533 levels in the BWF of the EBTB @entity1 were elevated compared to the controls (p < 0.05). After 2 months of treatment, 13 of the 30 EBTB @entity1 exhibited bronchial fibrostenosis and the other 17 cases had recovered without sequelae. In the @entity850 group, the initial serum @entity2533 levels were lower than in the @entity1 without @entity850 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of serum @entity2533 after treatment were shown to have decreased more than in the @entity1 without @entity850 (p < 0.05). On chest CT findings of 16 EBTB @entity1 , bronchial narrowing was suspected except in 2 cases (1 @entity4 -hyperemic type, 1 actively caseating type of segmental bronchus). The common features of PFT in EBTB at the initial diagnosis were a restrictive pattern and normal ventilatory function. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity379 and @entity2533 levels in the BWF of the EBTB @entity1 may be related to EBTB pathogenesis. Lowered initial serum @entity2533 levels as well as the observed changes in the levels of @entity2533 in the serum after treatment have been implicated in bronchial fibrostenosis during the course of the disease.

title: Changes in the levels of @entity379 and @entity2533 influence XXXX during the treatment of endobronchial @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma or lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['bronchial stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if serum @entity1851 (s-CRP) and @entity650 (s- @entity650 ) provide information for predicting @entity8 and for DMSA @entity1 selection in @entity1 with @entity293 ( @entity293 ). METHODS: This observational study was carried out in @entity1 with @entity293 . s-CRP and s- @entity650 were measured at @entity293 diagnosis. @entity1 forming @entity8 were identified by @entity9409 scans. The usefulness of s-CRP and s- @entity650 measurements for @entity8 scarring diagnosis was evaluated using diagnostic quality and efficiency indexes. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 were included in the study. Eight showed @entity8 after the follow-up. The s-CRP was 110.23    59.69 mg/L and 52.46    63.13 mg/L for @entity1 with and without @entity8 . The s- @entity650 concentration was 18.34    11.80 pg/mL and 8.07    9.51 pg/mL respectively. The cut-off points for optimum @entity8 scarring diagnosis were 115 mg/L for s-CRP and 20 pg/mL for s- @entity650 . The value of highest sensitivity for s-CRP was >5 mg/L (S:100 %) and greatest specificity was >150 mg/L (Sp:95.83). The highest sensitivity for s- @entity650 was >4 pg/mL (S:100 %) and the maximum specificity was >40 pg/mL (Sp:100 %). CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm that @entity1 who will develop @entity8 show higher levels of s- @entity650 and s-CRP at @entity293 diagnosis. However, none of the techniques provide sufficient information for predicting @entity8 in all @entity1 and for DMSA @entity1 selection.

title: Do serum @entity1851 and @entity650 predict @entity8 after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal damage', 'renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: @entity2828 are a clinically heterogeneous group of childhood @entity242 that represent a paradigm for understanding solid @entity5 biology, as they are the first group of @entity242 for which a chromosome translocation has been characterized at the molecular level. However, the biologic organization of the @entity5 , especially the processes that govern proliferation, differentiation, and @entity3 of primitive @entity5 stem cells is poorly understood. Therefore, to develop a biologically relevant in vivo model, five different @entity2828 cell lines and @entity5 cells from three @entity1 were transplanted into immune-deficient @entity19 via intravenous injection. NOD/scid @entity19 that carry a @entity3230 and thus nearly completely lack the ability to reject @entity1 cells were used as recipients. Overall, 26 of 52 @entity19 (50%) transplanted with VH-64, WE-68, @entity1 , TC-71, and RM-82 cells and 4 of 10 @entity19 (40%) transplanted with @entity5 cells engrafted. Moreover, primary cells that did not grow in vitro proliferated in @entity19 . The pattern of @entity3 was similar to that in @entity1 with frequent metastases in lungs (62%), bone marrow (30%), and bone (23%). Using limiting dilution experiments, the frequency of the engraftment unit was estimated at 1 @entity2828 -initiating cell in 3 x 10(5) VH-64 cells. These data demonstrate that we have been able to establish an in vivo model that recapitulates many aspects of growth and progression of @entity1 @entity2828 . For the first time, this model provides the opportunity to identify and characterize primitive in vivo clonogenic solid @entity5 stem cells. This model will, therefore, be instrumental in studying many aspects of @entity5 cell biology, including organ-selective @entity3 and @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: Establishment of an in vivo model for pediatric XXXX by transplantation into NOD/scid @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['CADO-ES1', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing tumors', 'Ewing tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['complex immune deficiency']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing tumors']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a disease with progressive @entity425 , also affecting respiratory muscles. In the terminal phase most @entity1 experience a progression. Nutrition, speech and breathing capacity decrease. It is important to inform the @entity1 and relatives in time and to give them a chance to decide. "Care Planning" and "Advance Directives" especially concerning ventilation reduces fear and helps the doctors and carers to decide, following the will of the @entity1 . Nobody knows the speed of the progression. The @entity1 in this case had few subjective symptoms at the time of the family conference. Progression till @entity204 lasted one month only. Treatment of his dyspnoe was not optimised, but during care all decisions were based on the actual will of the @entity1 . Generally nocturnal @entity3316 , for instance non-invasive ventilation by BiPAP-mode, can relieve symptoms of dyspnoe in @entity746 @entity1 . Low-dose @entity1286 and/or @entity1245 relieve respiratory discomfort and remove the negative @entity4649 . @entity26 therapy is usually not needed (only in the very last stages of the disease) and is not recommended especially during the night. @entity2944 can occur because of @entity3316 . This can cause growing unconsciousness and maybe @entity204 during sleep. Prolonging life is only possible by invasive long-term ventilation with all the problems of intensive care measures. The @entity1 could have been given low dose @entity1286 from the time of the family conference. Ventilation by CPAP-mode was insufficient for him.

title: [ XXXX --when planning is almost too late].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['spiral of dysnoe-fear-dyspnoe']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: E- and P-selectins are adhesion molecules that effect neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury. Our hypothesis was that the expression of E- and P-selectins is dependent on the type of fluid used for resuscitation and that lactated Ringer's (LR) solution would result in an early upregulation of these molecules. METHODS: Male @entity35 (n = 36) were subjected to a 27 ml/kg @entity548 over 5 min followed by a 1-h shock period and 1-h of resuscitation. The animals were randomized into the following resuscitation groups: (1) sham; (2) @entity548 , no resuscitation; (3) whole blood (27 ml/kg); (4) 3:1 lactated Ringer's (81 ml/kg); (5) sham @entity548 , infusion of lactated Ringer's (81 ml/kg); (6) 7. 5% hypertonic saline (9.7 ml/kg). Immediately after resuscitation, the spleen and lung were harvested for measurement of E- and P-selectin mRNA expression with reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and protein expression with immunostaining. RESULTS: LR resuscitation and LR infusion without prior @entity548 significantly increased the E- and P-selectin mRNA in the lung and spleen. Immunostaining demonstrated that the adhesion molecule expression was mainly located in perivascular/peribronchial areas in the lung, and the marginal and trabecular areas in the spleen. @entity3126 and @entity32 were observed only in the animals that were hemorrhaged and resuscitated with LR. No resuscitation and resuscitation with whole blood caused no significant increase in selectin expression. CONCLUSION: LR resuscitation and LR infusion without @entity548 are associated with early increased expression of E- and P-selectin molecules in the lung and spleen.

title: E- and P-selectin expression depends on the resuscitation fluid used in hemorrhaged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary edema']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The subject of this study was a group of 757 @entity1 hospitalized because of @entity583 in years 1992-1996, who survived the in-hospital course and were under observation for 2-6 years after the @entity1188 . During the 14-18th day of the hospital stay they were made an echocardiographic test, including the ejection fraction (EF). The aim of this study was to define the influence of the ejection fraction value lowered below 40% on the long-term prognosis in @entity1 after @entity583 . We compared two groups of @entity1 ; group I, consisting of 130 (17.2%) @entity1 with EF lowered below 40% and group II, which included 627 @entity1 with EF over 40%. To estimate the statistic significance we used the chi-square and t-Student test. The morbidity curves were made with the Kaplan-Meier method. The course of the @entity583 was much more grave in group I than in group II, what is confirmed by a more often anterior ventricular @entity1188 and the quantity of dangerous complications which occurred during the in-hospital phase. The multi-factor regressive analysis showed that the ejection fraction lowered below 40% raises 2.47 times (95% confidence interval 1.50-4.07) (p < 0.001) the risk of @entity204 during the first year after @entity583 and nearly two times during the 5 year follow-up, compared to @entity1 with a higher EF value. The influence of the EF value lowered below 40% on the creation of an @entity1188 was not significant. The EF value lowered below 40% in @entity1 after @entity583 was a significant risk factor in the long-term prognosis. More than 40% of deaths during the long-term prognosis in this group were caused by @entity712 .

title: [The significance of lowered ejection fraction on prognosis after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Corticosteroids are commonly used for treating @entity16 in @entity1201 . We assessed the effectiveness of @entity288 for treating @entity16 due to @entity1201 . METHODS: A systematic search was undertaken to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing corticosteroids with placebo or with no treatment. Two authors independently assessed quality and extracted data. Where it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis, the data for each trial was summarised. RESULTS: Three RCTs involving 513 @entity1 were found. Two trials compared @entity617 with placebo. One trial treated mild @entity1109 of less than 6 months duration and the other trial treated nerve function impairment of 6 to 24 months duration. Both trials examined nerve function improvement 12 months from the start of treatment, but found no significant difference between the two groups. The third trial compared three corticosteroid regimens for severe type 1 reactions. After 12 months, a significantly higher proportion of individuals on a 3 month course required extra corticosteroids compared to the groups with a high-dose and low-dose regimen of 5 months duration. @entity6 and peptic or infected ulcers were not significantly more often reported in the corticosteroid compared to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence from RCTs does not show a significant long-term effect for either @entity73 or mild @entity1109 . A 5 month corticosteroid regimen was significantly more beneficial than a 3 month corticosteroid regimen. Further RCTs are needed to establish the effectiveness and optimal regimens of corticosteroids and to examine new therapies.

title: @entity288 for treating @entity16 in XXXX . A Cochrane review.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['long-standing nerve function impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1201 :: (MESH:D007918,Disease) :: ['leprosy']


abstract: The authors carried out a study of respiratory function in seventy six @entity1 suffering from severe @entity1635 of different types; forty five @entity3762 , ten congenital, and five neurofibromatosic. The age incidence was from a minimum of eleven years to a maximum of thirty three, with the average around fifteen years. The site of the @entity85 was predominantly dorsal (fifty cases), though there were also lumbar and dorso-lumbar types. The average angle of curvature (Cobb) before treatment was 110 degrees. Arthrodesis by the Harrington technique was carried out on all @entity1 after correction with a Risser-type plaster in sixty nine cases, and Halo-traction in seven cases. The post operative period in plaster was about eight months. Spirometric tests were carried out before treatment, after preoperative correction, and two to three years after operation, always with the chest out of plaster. The results of these tests are expressed as percentage reductions in the maximum ventilation compared with the average normal values in the tables reported by Baldwin et al. (1948). The values obtained before commencing treatment showed that @entity1635 even if very severe, never leads to severe @entity1576 . There is no linear relationship between the severity of the curve and the @entity1576 , though there is a general connection between them. Tests of respiratory function were carried out after corrective treatment, both before and after operation and at a two year follow up. There was an overall average improvement of 10% in the @entity1576 , with a maximum of about 20% in a group of twenty two @entity1 with the most severe deficit before commencing treatment. Follow-up three years after operation showed the improvement in respiratory fimction had been maintained. The authors conclude that arthrodesis by the Harrington technique does not diminish the respiratory gain achieved by pre-operative correction. On the contrary, it stabilises it and maintains it over the three year follow-up period of the present survey.

title: Respiratory function in severe XXXX before and after treatment (a review of 76 cases).

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis', 'lumbar scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory deficit', 'respiratory deficits']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic, sixteen poliemyelitic']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2946 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 ; with comprehensive treatment the 5-year overall survival (OS) is now greater than 80  %. Only few studies have addressed the relation of @entity5 location with @entity1 's prognosis. Based on experiences in our institution, we further classified the @entity5 location. This study aimed to investigate the impact of @entity5 location and fourth ventricle infiltration in @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ) prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively followed all @entity2946 @entity1 at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between 2004 and 2007 to investigate treatment outcomes and prognostic factors in @entity2946 @entity1 . The data of 119 @entity1 were collected. @entity5 removal was performed in all @entity1 , and all @entity1 received postsurgical radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The @entity1 were subclassified into three subtypes according to @entity5 location and @entity5 infiltration into the fourth ventricular floor (V4 floor). The prognostic factors were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 75  months (range, 6-127 months). A total of 65 @entity1 experienced recurrence or progression, and 56 @entity1 were still alive at the time of follow-up. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 47.1        4.6  % and 54.6        4.6  %, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: According to the multivariate analysis, large cell and anaplastic (LC/A) subtype, @entity1 age, and @entity3 were found to be independent prognostic factors. Tumors with V4 floor infiltration exhibited a trend toward recurrence (P   =   0.054). This investigation is the largest single-institution study of @entity2946 cases in China. The LC/A subtype, @entity1 age, and @entity3 were important prognostic factors. V4 floor infiltration was correlated with @entity3 and younger age.

title: Impact of XXXX location and fourth ventricle infiltration in @entity2946 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'intracranial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'MB']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Although anti- @entity470 therapy has established efficacy in metastatic @entity14 , only 10-20% of unselected @entity1 respond. This is partly due to @entity984 and @entity817 mutations, which are currently assessed in the @entity5 . To improve @entity1 selection, assessing mutation status in circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs), which possibly better represent metastases than the @entity5 , could be advantageous. We investigated the feasibility of @entity984 and @entity817 mutation detection in colorectal CTCs by comparing three sensitive methods and compared mutation status in matching @entity5 , liver @entity3 and CTCs. CTCs were isolated from blood drawn from 49 @entity1 before liver resection using CellSearch   . DNA and RNA was isolated from @entity5 , metastases and CTCs. Mutations were assessed by co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature-PCR (Transgenomic   ), real-time PCR (EntroGen   ) and nested Allele-Specific Blocker (ASB-)PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In 43 of the 49 @entity1 , tissue RNA and DNA was of sufficient quantity and quality. In these 43 @entity1 , discordance between primary and @entity3 was 23% for @entity984 and 7% for @entity817 mutations. RNA and DNA from CTCs was available from 42 of the 43 @entity1 , in which ASB-PCR was able to detect the most mutations. Inconclusive results in @entity1 with low CTC counts limited the interpretation of discrepancies between tissue and CTCs. Determination of @entity984 and @entity817 mutations in CTCs is challenging but feasible. Of the tested methods, nested ASB-PCR, enabling detection of @entity984 and @entity817 mutations in @entity1 with as little as two CTCs, seems to be superior.

title: @entity984 and XXXX mutation status in circulating @entity14 cells and their correlation with primary and @entity3 tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids such as @entity617 and @entity619 are critical drugs used in multi-agent chemotherapy protocols used to treat @entity981 ( @entity981 ), and response to glucocorticoids is highly predictive of outcome. The NOD/ @entity915 xenograft @entity19 model of @entity981 is a clinically relevant model in which the @entity19 develop a @entity1778 which retains the fundamental biological characteristics of the original disease. Here we report a study evaluating the NOD/ @entity915 xenograft @entity19 model to investigate glucocorticoid-induced gene expression. Cells from a glucocorticoid-sensitive xenograft derived from a @entity1 with B-cell precursor @entity981 were inoculated into NOD/ @entity915 @entity19 . When highly engrafted the @entity19 were randomized into groups of 4 to receive @entity619 15 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection or vehicle control. @entity1778 cells were harvested from @entity19 spleens at 0, 8, 24 or 48 hours thereafter, and gene expression analyzed on Illumina WG-6_V3 chips, comparing all groups to time 0 hours. RESULTS: The 8 hour @entity619 -treated timepoint had the highest number of significantly differentially expressed genes, with fewer observed at the 24 and 48 hour timepoints, and with minimal changes seen across the time-matched controls. When compared to publicly available datasets of glucocorticoid-induced gene expression from an in vitro cell line study and from an in vivo study of @entity1 with @entity981 , at the level of pathways, expression changes in the 8 hour xenograft samples showed a similar response to @entity1 treated with glucocorticoids. Replicate analysis revealed that at the 8 hour timepoint, a dataset with high signal and differential expression, using data from 3 replicates instead of 4 resulted in excellent recovery scores of > 0.9. However at other timepoints with less signal very poor recovery scores were obtained with 3 replicates. CONCLUSIONS: The NOD/ @entity915 xenograft @entity19 model provides a reproducible experimental system in which to investigate clinically-relevant mechanisms of drug-induced gene regulation in @entity981 ; the 8 hour timepoint provides the highest number of significantly differentially expressed genes; time-matched controls are redundant and excellent recovery scores can be obtained with 3 replicates.

title: Evaluation of the NOD/ @entity915 xenograft model for glucocorticoid-regulated gene expression in childhood B-cell precursor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['Leukemia', 'systemic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: A 48-year-old male @entity1 from Surinam presented with @entity448 , @entity390 and @entity353 . An extreme hypercalcaemia of 5.08 mmol/l was found. Further diagnostic investigations showed that this @entity1 had a @entity2662 positive @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ). This is often associated with multilobularly nucleated lymphocytes, @entity79 and hypercalcaemia. Skin localisations are frequently observed. The combination of cytomorphology, immunophenotyping, @entity2662 seropositivity and clinical findings points to the diagnosis. The @entity1 was treated with 6 courses of chemotherapy consisting of @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity2663 , @entity229 , @entity1891 and @entity1732 . Upon inquiry it appeared that he had died elsewhere. Chemotherapy induces a short-lived remission in a minority of @entity6494 patients. Antiviral therapy (alpha interferon, @entity9611 ) might offer new possibilities.

title: [Hypercalcemia due to adult T-cell lymphoma in a XXXX from Surinam].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma', 'ATL/L']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of @entity338 ( @entity338 ) on the repolarization of @entity1 with @entity215 . BACKGROUND: @entity338 may cause @entity67 in adult @entity1 with @entity215 . In these @entity1 , prolonged depolarization and disturbed repolarization are associated with @entity943 and @entity1164 . METHODS: Thirty Fallot @entity1 (age 32+/-9 years, 19 male) eligible for @entity338 were studied with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) before and 6 months after @entity338 . Electrocardiograms obtained during initial and follow-up CMR were analyzed and occurrence of @entity943 was studied. RESULTS: Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RV EDV) decreased from 322+/-87 to 215+/-57 ml after @entity338 (P<0.0001). The spatial QRS- @entity20576 normalized from 117+/-34 to 100+/-35 degrees , P=0.0004 (normal angle <105 degrees). @entity1162 and T-wave complexity did not change significantly. T-wave amplitude decreased from 376+/-121 to 329+/-100 microV (P=0.01). T-wave area decreased from 43+/-15 to 38+/-13 microV s (P=0.02). Decreases in T-wave amplitude and area were most prominent in the right precordial leads overlying the RV. Three @entity1 had sustained @entity943 and one @entity1 died suddenly. These @entity1 had a QRS duration >160 ms. No severe @entity943 were found in @entity1 with a RV EDV <220 ml, QRS- @entity20576 <100 degrees , @entity1162 <60 ms or T-wave complexity <0.30. CONCLUSION: Normal repolarization indices may be associated with the absence of severe @entity943 . @entity338 in Fallot @entity1 with dilated right ventricles has a beneficial effect on electrocardiographic indices of repolarization heterogeneity.

title: Pulmonary valve replacement in XXXX improves the repolarization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot', "Fallot's tetralogy"]

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['PVR', 'pulmonary valve replacement', 'Pulmonary valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: AIMS: @entity906 may increase the risk of @entity943 in certain @entity1 . We sought to characterize the cardiovascular effects of @entity906 @entity1445 in adults. METHODS: A retrospective casenote review of @entity1 admitted to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh between January 2000 and June 2006. Haemodynamic and electrocardiographic data were examined in the whole group and a subset that ingested @entity906 alone. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-five @entity1 (65 @entity1 ) with median (interquartile range) age 34 years (27-43 years) had ingested @entity906 1500 mg (919-2800 mg). @entity591 (40.0%), @entity101 (28.4%) and @entity5564 (36.6%) were common. Corrected QT >450 ms occurred in seven @entity1 (11.1%) and 17 @entity1 (10.5%) and transient @entity943 in three @entity1 . There was a positive correlation between stated quantity of @entity906 ingested and heart rate [rho = 0.195, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.054, 0.328] and QTc (rho = 0.314, 95% CI 0.089, 0.509). CONCLUSIONS: @entity906 @entity1445 is associated with sympathomimetic cardiovascular effects and prolonged QTc, irrespective of coingested drugs. These mechanisms might pose an increased risk of @entity943 and require further exploration.

title: Cardiovascular toxicity due to XXXX poisoning in adults: a review of 235 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['Venlafaxine', 'venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']