abstract: Circumstances that call for the use of damage control techniques involve multiple and complex injuries associated with significant hemodynamic compromise. This setting requires the rapid assessment and prioritization of injuries so that the greatest threat to survival may be addressed as soon as possible. Major @entity1317 are a common source for exsanguinating @entity548 and must be addressed in an expeditious manner. @entity63 takes a lower priority than @entity548 but should be addressed early unless doing so threatens systemic viability. Ligation, balloon catheter occlusion, and temporary intraluminal shunt insertion are the commonly useful techniques for temporizing the danger while plans are formulated for definitive reconstruction at a later time under better operative conditions. Contamination and @entity281 are unfortunate realities in the damage control arena and are dealt with when feasible. In such circumstances, which are associated with a very high risk of morbidity and mortality, it is difficult to discern the outcome effects of specific injuries from the associated treatment techniques. Trends for improved survival of otherwise highly lethal injuries in institutions where these techniques are used provide at least presumptive testimony to their value. Large clinical series and supportive experimental data are not readily available to verify the physiologic benefits of the damage control approach. However, the increasingly popular use of these techniques in both urban and rural @entity130 management provides at least some hope for survival of traditionally devastating and frequently lethal injuries.

title: Damage control for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injuries']


abstract: The @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is required for generating action potentials and maintaining neuronal polarity. Significant progress has been made in deciphering the basic building blocks composing the @entity1347 , but the underlying mechanisms required for @entity1347 formation remains unclear. The scaffolding protein @entity16854 is the master-organizer of the @entity1347 . Microtubules and their interactors, particularly end-binding proteins (EBs), have emerged as potential key players in @entity1347 formation. Here, we show that the longest isoform of @entity16854 (480AnkG) selectively associates with EBs via its specific tail domain and that this interaction is crucial for @entity1347 formation and neuronal polarity in cultured rodent hippocampal neurons. EBs are essential for 480AnkG localization and stabilization at the @entity1347 , whereas 480AnkG is required for the specific accumulation of EBs in the proximal axon. Our findings thus provide a conceptual framework for understanding how the cooperative relationship between 480AnkG and EBs induces the assembly of microtubule- @entity1347 structures in the proximal axon. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuronal polarity is crucial for the proper function of neurons. The assembly of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ), which is the hallmark of early neuronal polarization, relies on the longest 480 kDa @entity16854 isoform. The microtubule cytoskeleton and its interacting proteins were suggested to be early key players in the process of @entity1347 formation. In this study, we show that the crosstalk between 480 kDa @entity16854 and the microtubule plus-end tracking proteins, EBs, at the proximal axon is decisive for @entity1347 assembly and neuronal polarity. Our work thus provides insight into the functional mechanisms used by 480 kDa @entity16854 to drive the @entity1347 formation and thereby to establish neuronal polarity.

title: Cooperative Interactions between 480 kDa XXXX and EB Proteins Assemble the Axon Initial Segment.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'axon initial segment']

answer: @entity16854 :: (288,Gene) :: ['Ankyrin-G']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound @entity446 is a dynamic and complicated process in which @entity32 , re-epithelialization and angiogenesis play important roles. Intriguingly, all three processes have been found to be defective during @entity6 wound @entity446 conditions. One common denominator associated with regulation of these events is @entity1 b-defensin-2 ( @entity15875 ). It has been shown that skin wounding induces cutaneous @entity15875 expression, and @entity6 have been associated with inadequate @entity34832 expression. OBJECTIVES: The current study was launched to explore the effects of a high- @entity413 environment on cultured @entity1 keratinocytes. METHODS: @entity1 keratinocytes were exposed to indicated culture conditions. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity15875 were determined, and activation of relevant pathways was evaluated. The small interference RNA approach was used to validate the functional role of the proposed pathway on @entity15875 expression. RESULTS: We showed that high- @entity413 cultivated keratinocytes expressed reduced levels of @entity15875 and phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (pSTAT)-1 constitutively. In addition, pSTAT-1 signalling is critically involved in @entity15875 expression. Formation of advanced glycation endproducts, a direct consequence of a high- @entity413 environment, involves constitutive downregulation of pSTAT-1 and @entity15875 . The addition of @entity1356 , an important cytokine during the cutaneous wound @entity446 process, enabled the upregulation of @entity15875 expression of both normal- and high- @entity413 cultivated keratinocytes, but the absolute levels of @entity15875 were still significantly lower in the high- @entity413 -treated group. CONCLUSIONS: As @entity15875 plays multifaceted roles during the wound @entity446 process, the inadequate expression of @entity15875 during @entity6 conditions contributes to impaired wound @entity446 .

title: High- @entity413 environment reduces XXXX b-defensin-2 expression in @entity1 keratinocytes: implications for poor @entity6 wound @entity446 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic wounds']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To characterize contemporary treatment of @entity135 and the effect of treatment on @entity260 , length of stay, and costs. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 7,791 @entity1 who underwent endovascular or surgical treatment of @entity135 between 1993 and 2008 were analyzed using cross tabulations and multivariate regression modeling. RESULTS: Surgery only was performed in 91% of cases, embolization alone was performed in 4% of cases, and both embolization and surgery were performed in 5% of cases. Postoperative surgical complications were significantly more likely in @entity1 undergoing embolization and surgery during the same admission (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; P = .031), whereas acute medical complications were more likely in @entity1 undergoing embolization only (OR, 3.9; P = .001). Embolization alone was specifically associated with an increased risk of @entity810 (OR, 8.2; P = .026) and @entity55 (OR, 3.9; P = .001). @entity128 was associated with increased odds of @entity1282 (OR, 8.5; P = .004), and @entity1282 was associated with increased odds of @entity132 (OR, 5.1; P = .004). Embolization, with or without surgery during the same admission, was associated with significantly increased hospital-related costs, after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment of @entity135 is associated with an increase in complications and hospital-related costs. Although these findings may reflect larger @entity5 size and comorbidity in @entity1 selected for embolization, these data suggest a need to reexamine the benefits and cost-effectiveness of embolization in surgical @entity1 .

title: Short-term outcomes and cost of care of treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['voice disturbance']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck paragangliomas']


abstract: Utilizing @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) archival tissue, the most common form of tissue preservation in routine practice, for cytogenetic analysis using microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) remains challenging. We searched for a predictive factor of the performance of FFPE DNA in aCGH analysis. DNA was extracted from 63 FFPE archival tissue samples of various tissue types (31 @entity0 , and 8 @entity259 ), followed by aCGH analysis using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays. @entity5 DNA from matched frozen samples and from FFPE samples after whole-genome amplification were also analyzed in 2 and 4 case, respectively. The derivative log ratio spread (DLRSpread) was used to assess the overall quality of each aCGH result. The DLRSpread correlated significantly with the double-stranded DNA ratio of @entity5 DNA, storage time, and the degree of labeling with Cy5 (P<0.0001; correlation coefficients=-0.796, 0.551, -0.481, respectively). Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the double-stranded DNA ratio of @entity5 DNA is the most significant predictive factor of DLRSpread (regression coefficient=-0.4798; P=<0.0001). The cytogenetic profiles of FFPE and matched frozen samples showed good concordance. Although the double-stranded DNA ratios were increased after whole-genome amplification, the DLRSpread was not improved. The double-stranded DNA ratio can be used to predict the performance of aCGH analysis for DNA from FFPE samples. Using this quality metric, valuable FFPE archival tissue samples can be utilized for aCGH analysis.

title: A predictive factor of the quality of microarray comparative genomic hybridization analysis for XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers, 24 lung cancers']

answer: @entity406 :: (MESH:D005557,Chemical) :: ['formalin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1907 ( @entity378 ) remains a major public health challenge in South Africa. However, little attention is paid to the impact of @entity283 ( @entity283 ) among @entity378 @entity1 at the beginning and at the end of @entity378 treatment. This study assesses factors associated with @entity283 among @entity378 @entity1 in three high risk provinces in South Africa. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted at primary health care settings. @entity1 completed the @entity283 social functioning (SF)-12 health survey. Comparison of Physical Health Summary Score (PCS) and Mental Health Summary Score (MCS) was assessed at 6 months after treatment. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine the factors associated with changes in @entity283 . RESULTS: In all @entity1 , after 6 months of treatment there was a significant improvement in @entity283 with the biggest increase in the PCS. A higher educational qualification had a strong significant positive effect on the mental @entity283 . @entity458 showed a significant negative association with physical and mental @entity283 after six months. Permanent residence showed a significant positive association with mental @entity283 among @entity378 @entity1 compared to those living in shack/traditional dwellings. Rating ones health as being good and fair/poor was significantly associated with poor physical @entity283 . Twenty drinks or more in the past month had a significant negative effect on the physical @entity283 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that programmes targeted at improving @entity378 treatment success should have specific interventions for @entity1 with low educational background, impoverished households/communities and those with hazardous or harmful @entity285 use.

title: Change in Health-Related Quality of Life among @entity1907 XXXX at Primary Health Care Settings in South Africa: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dosing of antibiotics in @entity3124 @entity1 is challenging. It becomes even more difficult if renal or @entity409 ensue. Modern means of renal replacement therapy are capable of removing antibiotics to a higher rate than decades ago, leaving clinicians with a high degree of uncertainty concerning the dose of antibiotics in this @entity1 population. @entity799 , a combination of @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) is frequently used in the treatment of several infections including @entity10592 ( @entity10592 ). CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe a @entity1 with @entity810 in which we investigated the @entity1597 and @entity1598 levels during the course of an ICU stay. @entity799 was administered every six hours i.v. in a dose of @entity1597 / @entity1598 15/75 mg/kg/day. Extended dialysis was performed with a high-flux dialyzer. Blood samples, as well as pre- and postdialyzer samples and aliquots of the collected spent dialysate were collected.Observed peak concentrations (Cmax) were 7.51 mg/l for @entity1597 and 80.80 mg/l for @entity1598 . Decline of blood levels during extended dialysis ( @entity1597 64%; @entity1598 84%) was mainly due to removal by the dialysis procedure, illustrated by the high dialyzer clearances (median of 4 extended dialysis sessions: @entity1597 94.0 / @entity1598 51.0 ml/min), as well as by the absolute amount of both substances in the collected spent dialysate (median of 6 extended dialysis sessions: @entity1597 556 mg / @entity1598 130 mg). Within the limitation of a case report our data from 4 consecutive extended dialysis sessions suggest that this procedure substantially removes both @entity1597 and @entity1598 . CONCLUSIONS: Dose reduction, which is usually advocated in @entity1 with @entity810 under renal replacement therapy, might lead to significant under-dosing. Pharmacokinetic studies for @entity1597 / @entity1598 dosing in this @entity1 population are necessary to allow adequate dosing.

title: @entity799 plasma levels, dialyzer clearance and total removal by extended dialysis in a XXXX with @entity810 : risk of under-dosing using current dosing recommendations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10592 :: ('MESH:D011020', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia', 'PCP']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16090 is characterised by episodes of disability. We report a novel, hospital outpatient rehabilitation intervention, combining physiotherapy-led group exercise and education for @entity1 living with @entity16090 (PLWH). This observational study evaluated routine delivery of the 10-week intervention in terms of referral patterns, rehabilitation goals, intervention adherence and change in @entity1 outcomes. Measurements at baseline _ 10 weeks included locomotor performance (6 minute walk test; 6MWT), flexibility, upper and lower limb strength and health related quality of life (HRQOL). Adherence was defined as attending >= 8/20 sessions, with reasons for non-adherence identified in retrospective telephone interviews. Goal Attainment Scale measured progression to individual goals. Total 92 referrals were mostly for musculoskeletal (25.0%), oncological (19.6%) or cardio-metabolic (18.5%) reasons, and mostly male (81.5%), Caucasian (70.7%) and older (mean 51.5 years). Common themed rehabilitation goals included improving body image, participation, mobility, health/fitness and function. Adherence was achieved by 42 (46%) @entity1 , with open access utilised by 34 @entity1 , returning (n = 19) or restarting when non-adherent (n = 15). Post-intervention measurements collected for 37 (40%) @entity1 demonstrated improvements in 6MWT distance (p < .001), flexibility (p < .001), strength in triceps (p < .001), biceps (p < .001), Lattisimus Dorsi (p < .001), shoulder-press (p < .001), chest-press (p < 0.001), and leg-press (p < 0.001). HRQOL improved in total score (p < .001), physical (p < .001), emotional (p < .001) and functional (p = .065) subscales. Extent of goal achievement demonstrated 83% of goals was "expected" (n = 57), "somewhat more" (n = 31) or "much more" (n = 14). Reasons for non-adherence from 21 telephone interviews identified physical health challenges, individual factors and time or location issues. This novel rehabilitation approach for PLWH improved function, HRQOL and goal attainment among those completing the intervention. Sub-optimal adherence likely relates to @entity717 .

title: Evaluation of a physiotherapy-led group rehabilitation intervention for adults living with XXXX : referrals, adherence and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['episodic disability']

answer: @entity16090 :: (11709,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 , aged 7 months to 13 years, with @entity548 esophageal varices were managed by endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST). Of these @entity1 , 73.3% had extrahepatic @entity6315 (EHPVO), 16.6% had @entity1575 , and 10% had noncirrhotic portal @entity82 . EST was done with fiberoptic pediatric upper @entity344 and a flexible sclerotherapy needle under sedation with intravenous @entity3175 and @entity12586 . The sclerosants used were @entity5324 1% and absolute @entity167 . Ten injections were given to control active variceal @entity548 , and 145 injections were given on planned basis at 2-3-week interval. An average of five injections was required to obliterate the esophageal varices. In 90% of cases, an avariceal state was achieved; 10% had decreased size and number of varices. Emergency EST was effective to control @entity548 in all sessions. Complications, including retrosternal discomfort, esophageal ulceration, stricture formation, and @entity1174 , occurred in 60, 20, 20, and 6.6% of cases, respectively; complications were managed conservatively. Strictures were dilated with Eder-Puestow's olive dilators. Recurrence of esophageal varices, @entity2312 , and rebleeding was seen in 13.3, 13.3, and 10% of cases, respectively. Shunt surgery was performed in 13.3% cases, who had developed @entity2312 and were having EHPVO.

title: Endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopes']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity2312 :: ('MESH:D004932', 'Disease') :: ['gastric varices']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethoxysclerol']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether treatment with @entity5217 alters beta-cell sensitivity to @entity8242 in @entity2175 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 5 untreated @entity2175 @entity1 in a meal study (Ensure, 240 ml/M2) and a 2-h @entity1602 @entity413 clamp study ( @entity413 5.4 mM above fasting). From 60 to 120 min of the clamp, @entity8242 was infused in a primed continuous manner at a rate of 2 pmol.kg-1 x @entity1009 . Subjects then were treated with @entity5217 . After they had been on a stable dose of medication for 1 mo, the meal study and @entity413 clamp studies were repeated. RESULTS: In response to treatment, a decrease in fasting @entity413 and an increase in weight was observed (12.8 +/- 1.8 vs. 8.5 +/- 0.8 mM and 74.3 +/- 6.3 vs. 76.1 +/- 6.3 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). In response to the meal study, the AUC for @entity413 was less, for insulin was increased, and for @entity8242 was unchanged after treatment (16.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 12.6 +/- 6.9 mM, P < 0.05; 161 +/- 47 vs. 242 +/- 60 pM, P < 0.05; and 199 +/- 22 vs. 219 +/- 18 pM, respectively). During the @entity1602 clamp, steady-state @entity413 and 90- to 120-min @entity8242 values were equivalent before and after treatment (18.0 +/- 1.3 vs. 18.3 +/- 1.3 mM and 302 +/- 59 vs. 298 +/- 37 pM, respectively). The 90-120 min insulin responses to the @entity1602 clamp were greater after therapy (123 +/- 37 vs. 283 +/- 80 pM, P < 0.05) reflecting increased beta-cell responses to @entity8242 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity5217 enhances beta-cell sensitivity to @entity8242 .

title: The effect of XXXX on beta-cell sensitivity to @entity413 -dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5217 :: (MESH:D005905,Chemical) :: ['glyburide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the last few decades, numerous chemical compounds have been produced as a result of industrial development. At the same time, the number of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) @entity1 has been increasing. It has been reported that @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ) compounds have effects not only on the reproductive system but also on the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity2385 has an effect on @entity483 , we fed a diet containing @entity2385 to DS-Nh @entity19 , which spontaneously developed @entity1909 under conventional conditions. METHODS: DS-Nh @entity19 fed @entity2385 or a control diet were examined for skin changes, number of @entity794 on the skin and serum IgE levels. To determine @entity630 / @entity61 cytokine production by lymphocytes, lymphocytes of DS-Nh @entity19 fed @entity2385 and of controls were cultured with staphylococcal enterotoxin B and cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. We observed not only spontaneous @entity1909 but also @entity1909 induced by sensitization with @entity13694 ( @entity13694 ). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The @entity483 -like lesions induced by @entity13694 sensitization were more severe in the @entity19 fed @entity2385 than in those fed the control diet. A greater increase in @entity794 on the skin was observed in the @entity19 fed @entity2385 than in the @entity19 fed the control diet. A decrease in @entity60 production and an increase in @entity59 and @entity1312 production were observed in the @entity19 fed the @entity2385 diet and treated with @entity13694 . These findings suggest that the increase in @entity794 and the enhancement of @entity61 response induced by @entity2385 exacerbate the @entity483 -like lesions in @entity19 treated with @entity13694 .

title: Effects of @entity2384 on the development of @entity483 in DS-Nh XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity13694 :: ('CHEBI:53053', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene', 'TNCB']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyltin']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The reproduction rate of @entity1641 is one of the lowest within domestic livestock despite advances the veterinary medicine. Infertility in @entity1641 may be due mainly to the lack of suitable selection criteria in the breeding of @entity1641 . However, acquired @entity249 due to genital, @entity2348 may occur. Mycoplasmas have been implicated in @entity790 and @entity249 of many species including @entity1 and @entity1641 . However, their role as commensals or pathogens of the genital tract of @entity1641 is still not determined. Bacteriological examinations made on the fossa glandis, urethra, penis and semen of stallions, showed the presence of different @entity9463 . Therefore our study aimed to find the prevalence of @entity9463 and a possible association with fertility problems in Danish riding @entity1641 . Eighty semen samples from stallions and 19 vaginal swab samples from mares were tested by PCR for presence of mycoplasmal DNA. The vaginal swab samples were also cultured in the @entity9463 specific medium. None of the samples were positive for presence of genital @entity9463 during the screen. The lack of genital @entity9463 observed in this study may be due to a very extensive use of artificial insemination of modern sport @entity1641 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the semen and vaginal swabs of Danish stallions and mares.

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['mycoplasmas', 'Mycoplasma species', 'Mycoplasma']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital disorders']

answer: @entity9463 :: (MESH:D009175,Disease) :: ['mycoplasmas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To pilot test a text message ( @entity87 ) sex risk reduction program among at-risk young adult female @entity1 discharged from an @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: A convenience sample of 52 female @entity1 with hazardous drinking behavior and recent risky sexual encounters were recruited from an urban @entity341 and randomized to the @entity87 program (n = 23) or a control group (n = 29). All @entity1 completed a web-based questionnaire in the @entity341 and at 3-month follow-up. For 12 weeks, @entity87 @entity1 were asked to report whether they had a risky sexual encounter in the past week, received theory-based feedback, and were asked if they were willing set a goal to refrain from having another risky encounter. RESULTS: Thirty-nine percent of @entity87 @entity1 completed all weeks of @entity87 reports, and noncompletion increasing from 12% on week 1 to a 33% by week 12. Three-month follow-up was completed in 56% of @entity1 . In the intervention group, there was an increase in the proportion with condom use with last vaginal sex from 20% (95% CI 4%-48%) to 53% (95% CI 27%-79%) and an increase in always condom use over the past 28 days from 0% (95% CI 0%-22%) to 33% (95% CI 12%-62%). These changes were not statistically different from control @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity87 programs may be useful to reduce risk for @entity2953 among at-risk young adults being discharged from the @entity341 . Future trials should examine ways to improve adherence to @entity87 dialog over time and measure objective outcomes in a larger sample.

title: A sex risk reduction text-message program for young adult females discharged from the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine the accuracy of rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging for detecting obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ). BACKGROUND: Hybrid PET-CT is a new noninvasive imaging modality for evaluating @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 . METHODS: We evaluated 64 consecutive @entity1 with suspected @entity453 undergoing rest-stress rubidium-82 cardiac PET-CT (CT was only used for attenuation correction) and coronary angiography within 7 days (range 1 to 180 days). @entity1 with known @entity453 , previous @entity583 , or revascularization were excluded. Thirty-eight @entity1 with a low likelihood for @entity453 were also studied. Obstructive @entity453 was defined as > or =70% diameter stenosis on angiography. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 62 +/- 15 years, with a body mass index of 31 +/- 8 kg/m2. @entity662 and/or @entity1353 were the predominant reasons for evaluation. Stress perfusion defects were detected in 41 of 44 @entity1 with obstructive @entity453 (sensitivity 93%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 87 to 99). The specificity of PET-CT was 83% (48 of 58, 95% CI 71 to 91), and its overall diagnostic accuracy was 87% (95% CI 79 to 93). All @entity1 with a low likelihood for @entity453 showed normal scans, for a normalcy rate of 100% (38 of 38, 95% CI 91 to 100). The sensitivity for detecting @entity453 in @entity1 with single and multivessel (> or =2 vessels) disease was 92% (22 of 24, 95% CI 74 to 99) and 95% (19 of 20, 95% CI 74 to 99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial perfusion PET-CT affords high sensitivity and overall accuracy for detecting @entity453 , including @entity1 with @entity66 , @entity1 , and @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of rubidium-82 myocardial perfusion imaging with hybrid positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The present study examined the role of @entity1 error and crew-resource management (CRM) failures in U.S. Naval aviation mishaps. All tactical jet (TACAIR) and rotary wing Class A flight mishaps between fiscal years 1990-1996 were reviewed. Results indicated that over 75% of both TACAIR and rotary wing mishaps were attributable, at least in part, to some form of @entity1 error of which 70% were associated with aircrew @entity1 factors. Of these aircrew-related mishaps, approximately 56% involved at least one CRM failure. These percentages are very similar to those observed prior to the implementation of aircrew coordination training (ACT) in the fleet, suggesting that the initial benefits of the program have not persisted and that @entity177 continue to plague Naval aviation. Closer examination of these CRM-related mishaps suggest that the type of flight operations (preflight, routine, emergency) do play a role in the etiology of @entity177 . A larger percentage of @entity177 occurred during non-routine or extremis flight situations when TACAIR mishaps were considered. In contrast, a larger percentage of rotary wing CRM mishaps involved failures that occurred during routine flight operations. These findings illustrate the complex etiology of @entity177 within Naval aviation and support the need for ACT programs tailored to the unique problems faced by specific communities in the fleet.

title: XXXX error and crew resource management failures in Naval aviation mishaps: a review of U.S. Naval Safety Center data, 1990-96.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRM failures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Urho Kekkonen, born in 1900, was elected President of Finland in 1956. He stayed in office for 25 years, the longest term for any democratically elected chief of state, until his resignation in 1981. Since he was always a model of good health, news of his @entity73 while still in office came as a surprise to the whole nation. The impact was aggravated by an attempted cover-up of his @entity303 . The attempt failed and the health of presidential candidates became, suddenly, a topic of intense public discussion. No special team of presidential doctors was established but Kekkonen's successor initiated a practice of reporting annually on his health. The ethical dilemma involving mass media was, and still is, its duty to inform @entity1 versus its right to self-censorship, which was practised in Kekkonen's case. The physicians face the question of when, how and whom to inform when they notice that the president or some other powerful leader suffers from @entity73 or other neuropsychological or @entity717 . These are universal problems whose solution depends on the degree of democracy and freedom of expression in each country. Kekkonen died in complete privacy in 1986. Until now, no scientific report of his @entity73 has been published.

title: The cover-up of president Urho Kekkonen's XXXX and its impact on the political life of Finland-a personal account.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within lesions of @entity957 (SCC) and related disorders. DESIGN: Case series with 1- and 2-color immunohistologic, molecular biological analysis of T-cell clonality and in vitro @entity137 assays. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 , including 6 with actinic keratoses, 4 with SCC in situ, and 11 with invasive SCC. RESULTS: CD8+ TILs were present within lesions of cutaneous SCC and AK. These cells constituted a variable minority of the total T-cell infiltrate, and many expressed a phenotype consistent with major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes: CD3+, @entity13433 +, @entity4071 -, @entity2940 -, @entity4755 -. They also expressed HLA-DR, suggesting their activation in vivo. Virtually all T cells were T-cell receptor (TCR)-beta + delta, indicating that they expressed the @entity16783 beta protein heterodimer. Molecular biological analysis of TCR-gamma gene rearrangements by the polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique indicated that the TILs were polyclonal. Functional studies suggested that TILs derived from SCC lesions were cytotoxic for autologous @entity5 cell targets. CONCLUSION: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes within cutaneous SCC lesions contain a subpopulation of polyclonal, major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing the @entity16783 beta heterodimer.

title: Analysis of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the differential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of @entity977 , @entity976 , and Rathke @entity2419 involving both intrasellar and suprasellar regions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MRI images of 64 @entity1 with @entity977 (n=38), @entity976 (n=13), or Rathke @entity2419 (n=13) were retrospectively reviewed by three neuroradiologists. The following characteristics were evaluated: shape, volume, extent, component characteristics, signal intensities of solid portions on T2-weighted images, signal intensities of cystic portions on T1-weighted images, and enhancement patterns of solid portions and @entity5 . Fisher's exact test applied with Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparison. A flowchart for differential diagnosis was constructed based on statistical analysis of the results. RESULTS: A snowman shape, solid characteristics, and homogeneous enhancement of the solid portion were more common in @entity977 (p<0.017). A superiorly lobulated shape, third ventricle compression by superior @entity5 extension, mixed solid and cystic characteristics, and reticular enhancement of the solid portion were more common in @entity976 (p<0.017). Finally, an ovoid shape, a small @entity5 volume, cystic characteristics, and no or thin cyst wall enhancement were more common in Rathke @entity2419 (p<0.017). The flowchart yielded diagnostic accuracies as follows: 92.1% in @entity977 ; 92.3% in @entity976 ; 92.3% in Rathke @entity2419 ; and 92.2% overall. CONCLUSION: A combination of MRI findings is helpful in the differential diagnosis of the three @entity5 involving both intrasellar and suprasellar regions.

title: @entity977 , XXXX , and Rathke @entity2419 involving both intrasellar and suprasellar regions: differentiation using MRI.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cyst walls of tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft cysts', 'cleft cyst']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngioma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to describe the incidence of @entity11536 in the US (including regional and herd size patterns) and to evaluate specific herd-level management factors associated with high incidence of @entity11536 in US dairy herds. The study design was a population-based cross-sectional survey. US dairy operations with at least 30 @entity291 in 20 states, representing 79% of US dairy @entity291 , were sampled. On @entity1 operations, a questionnaire was administered by veterinary medical officer or animal-health technicians on-farm to dairy managers. @entity11536 was reported in milk @entity291 in the previous 12 months from 43.5% of US dairy herds. Seventy-eight percent of affected herds reported that their first cases occurred in 1993 or later. Regions of the USA with the highest percent of herds affected included the Southwest, Northwest, and Northeast. Factors associated with high (> 5%) incidence of @entity11536 included region, herd size, type of land lactating @entity291 accessed on a daily basis, flooring type where lactating @entity291 walked, percent of @entity291 born off the operation, use of a primary hoof trimmer who trimmed @entity291 ' hooves on other operations, and lack of washing of hoof-trimming equipment between @entity291 . @entity11536 has been recently reported from dairy herds across the US. This study suggests that a high percentage of herds with @entity11536 could be prevented. Management strategies to potentially prevent or reduce incidence of @entity11536 on dairy operations include those related to biosecurity and ' @entity291 hoof' environmental conditions.

title: XXXX and associated risk factors in US dairy herds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['digital dermatitis', 'papillomatous digital dermatitis', 'Papillomatous digital dermatitis']

answer: @entity11536 :: (MESH:D058066,Disease) :: ['Papillomatous digital dermatitis']


abstract: AIMS: Prior to establishing a national prevention of @entity1939 program a population based survey was conducted in Cape Verde Islands in1998. The objectives of the survey were to estimate the overall and age-specific prevalence of @entity4064 , to identify the @entity74 causing @entity4064 , and to estimate the population need for basic eye care services. METHODS: A two-level cluster random sampling procedure was used, selecting 30 clusters from the nine inhabited islands and 3,803 @entity1 of all ages were included in the sample. RESULTS: 3,374 @entity1 were examined (coverage 88.7%). The prevalence of @entity1939 ( @entity227 in the better eye less than 3/60) was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-1.1), of @entity4064 (6/18 to 3/60 in the better eye) 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3-2.2) and of @entity1939 .5% (95% CI: 1.2-2.0). The major causes of @entity1939 were age related @entity231 and @entity726 (57.7% and 15.4%, respectively, of blind @entity1 recruited). The major causes of @entity4064 were @entity231 , @entity2516 , and @entity74 (46.2%, 26.8%, and 8.9%, respectively, of @entity1 with @entity4064 ). Nontrachomatous corneal opacities accounted for 7.7% of bilateral and for 11.5% of @entity1939 . @entity455 was responsible for 7.7% of bilateral and for 9.6% of @entity1939 . @entity11738 is not a public health problem as only 2.3% of @entity1 less than 10 years of age were suffering from @entity11738 . @entity5902 were encountered in 4.5% of @entity1 under 25. CONCLUSION: More than half of the @entity227 are treatable by provision of @entity231 surgery and @entity231 has been indicated as a priority target in the recently designed National Blindness Program of the Cape Verde Republic. Pathologic conditions such as @entity6 are emerging as serious burden for ageing populations and account for most of the @entity989 .

title: XXXX in Cape Verde Islands: results of a national eye survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'visual impairments']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity11738 :: ('MESH:D014141', 'Disease') :: ['Trachoma', 'active trachoma']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular blindness', 'blindness', 'bilateral blindness', 'monocular blindness 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['macular disorders', 'main disorders']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral low vision', 'blindness and low vision', 'low vision']

entities_list: @entity5902 :: ('MESH:D003233', 'Disease') :: ['Palpebral or limbal vernal conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['Blindness and low vision']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare single-dose and multiple instillations of @entity1259 in the chemoprophylaxis of superficial @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized and controlled study, 168 evaluable @entity1 were assigned to three groups after transurethral resection of @entity150 (TURBT) and histological confirmation of its superficial nature (pTa and @entity2558 ). The groups were comparable for @entity5 stage, grade and other @entity5 characteristics. In group 1, @entity1 received a single dose of 50 mg @entity1259 in 50 mL normal saline immediately after TURBT; group 2 received 50 mg @entity1259 in 50 mL normal saline 1-2 weeks after TURBT and the instillations were repeated for 8 weeks and thereafter monthly to complete one year of treatment: group 3 (control group) received no adjuvant therapy after TURBT. The @entity1 were assessed by cysto-urethroscopy, urine cytology and DNA flow cytometry 8 weeks after resection and then every 3 months during the first 2 years and 6 monthly thereafter during the next 2 years. Intravenous urography was performed annually and when otherwise indicated. RESULTS: The recurrence rate was significantly lower in the @entity1 treated with @entity1259 than in the control group (24, 25 and 52%, respectively; P < 0.001). In those receiving @entity1259 , the rates of recurrence were statistically comparable (P = 0.9). @entity1 who had a large @entity5 burden showed slightly lower recurrence rates with single-dose @entity1259 than with delayed maintenance therapy but the difference was statistically insignificant. @entity1 with a history of @entity150 before treatment had lower recurrence rates with maintenance treatment than with a single dose (34.6 and 22.6% in groups 1 and 2, respectively); again this difference was statistically insignificant. @entity1 with grade 3 @entity5 showed a marginal difference in favour of maintenance therapy. The rates of progression amongst the three groups were 5.5, 3.4 and 9.3%, respectively, with no significant differences. The overall @entity137 rates were comparable in the two treated groups (22 and 25%). CONCLUSION: With the possible exception of grade 3 @entity5 , single-dose immediate @entity1259 is as effective as delayed maintenance therapy, with the advantage of being more cost-effective.

title: Single-dose versus multiple instillations of XXXX as prophylaxis for recurrence after transurethral resection of pTa and @entity2558 transitional-cell @entity150 : a prospective, randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) testing habits of geriatricians and geriatric fellows at the University of Connecticut fellowship training program to evaluate their adherence screening guidelines. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University based academic geriatric practice in Farmington, CT. @entity1 : Chart review of two hundred female @entity1 over age 65 under care of seven faculty geriatricians and eight geriatric fellows in training. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected included @entity79 testing status, @entity1 's @entity170 risk factors and functional status. RESULTS: Physicians ordered @entity79 tests in 151 (76%) @entity1 ; 128 (64%) had a @entity79 test within three years. A personal history of @entity174 was the only @entity170 risk factor that correlated to higher rates of @entity170 testing. Physicians were more likely to order @entity79 screening in younger @entity1 (92% in 65-74 vs. 74% in ages 85+, P=.031), @entity1 independent in activities of daily living (72% vs. 32, P=.002), and @entity1 without @entity303 (70% vs.37%, p=.007). @entity79 testing results found 82% with @entity2331 or @entity170 . CONCLUSIONS: A geriatric group that is highly attuned to bone health demonstrated more optimal adherence to OP testing guidelines for all "at-risk" older @entity1 and better than reported previously. Functional status more strongly predicted @entity79 testing than @entity170 risk factors. This study suggests that with improved physician education and familiarity with the disease, high rates of @entity79 testing for earlier identification of geriatric @entity1 at risk for @entity170 are achievable.

title: Adherence of academic geriatric practitioners to XXXX screening guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: @entity796 is an opportunistic pathogen and an important cause of @entity281 , particularly amongst @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . While specific strains capable of @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission are known, many @entity281 appear to be caused by unique and unrelated strains. There is a need to understand the relationship between strains capable of colonising the @entity1577 lung and the broader set of @entity796 isolates found in natural environments. Here we report the results of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based study designed to understand the genetic diversity and population structure of an extensive regional sample of @entity796 isolates from South East Queensland, Australia. The analysis is based on 501 @entity796 isolates obtained from environmental, animal and @entity1 ( @entity1577 and non- @entity1577 ) sources with particular emphasis on isolates from the Lower Brisbane River and isolates from @entity1577 @entity1 obtained from the same geographical region. Overall, MLST identified 274 different sequence types, of which 53 were shared between one or more ecological settings. Our analysis revealed a limited association between genotype and environment and evidence of frequent recombination. We also found that genetic diversity of @entity796 in Queensland, Australia was indistinguishable from that of the global @entity796 population. Several @entity1577 were encountered frequently in multiple ecological settings; however, the most frequently encountered @entity1577 were confined to @entity1577 @entity1 . Overall, our data confirm a non-clonal epidemic structure and indicate that most @entity1577 are a random sample of the broader @entity796 population. The increased abundance of some @entity1577 in different geographical regions is a likely product of chance colonisation events followed by adaptation to the @entity1577 lung and horizontal transmission among @entity1 .

title: XXXX exhibits frequent recombination, but only a limited association between genotype and ecological setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'CF strains', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: A survey for @entity11333 was performed on 38 individuals within the urban area of La Plata City (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina). This community is composed of brick-factory workers who also live in the factory premises. An analysis for @entity11333 was done on fecal samples collected serially and by means of anal swabs and thereafter preserved in formol solution. At the same time, the occurrence of the parasites under study as well as that of commensal organisms was investigated in water and soil samples within the factory environs. Information was also obtained from the members of this community as their age, sex, birthplace, and recent travels, either abroad or to the interior of Argentina. The prevalence of the pathogens and commensal parasites was 89.5%. The frequency of protozoans and helminths was: @entity461 26.3%, B. hominis 65.8%, A. lumbricoides 7.9%, H. nana 2.6%, Uncinaria sp. 7.9%, S. stercoralis 2.6% and @entity14188 42.1%. None of these parasite or commensal organisms were present in the water samples investigated. Four out of 20 soil samples analyzed contained parasitic elements: @entity5603 eggs (one), @entity461 cysts (two) and A. lumbricoides eggs (one). These results indicated that most important factors causing such a high prevalence of coproparasites were the poor conditions of personal and community hygiene in combination with the frequent travels to the north and the northeast of the country, regions which are endemic parasitic areas. The implementation of programs on health education and communal sanitation would contribute in the control of this health problem.

title: [ XXXX in a periurban community from the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina].

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

answer: @entity11333 :: (MESH:D007411,Disease) :: ['Intestinal parasite infections']


abstract: Knowledge on fish matrix biology is important to ensure optimal fish -quality, -growth and -health in aquaculture. The aquaculture industry face major challenges related to matrix biology, such as @entity32 and @entity600 . @entity7980 skeletal muscle was investigated for collagen I, decorin, biglycan, and lumican expression and distribution by real-time PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Immunohistochemical staining and Western immunoblotting were also performed using antibodies against glycosaminoglycan side chains of these proteoglycans, in addition to fibromodulin. Real-time PCR showed highest mRNA expression of lumican and collagen I. Collagen I and proteoglycan immunohistochemical staining revealed distinct thread-like structures in the myocommata, with the exception of fibromodulin, which stained in dense structures embedded in the myocommata. Chondroitinase AC-generated epitopes stained more limited than cABC-generated epitopes, indicating a stronger presence of dermatan @entity597 than chondroitin @entity597 in cod muscle. Lumican and keratan @entity597 distribution patterns were strong and ubiquitous in endomysia and myocommata. Western blots revealed similar SLRPs sizes in cod as are known from mammals. Staining of chondroitin/dermatan @entity597 epitopes in Western blots were similar in molecular size to those of decorin and biglycan, whereas staining of @entity31846 epitopes coincided with expected molecular sizes of lumican and fibromodulin. In conclusion, lumican was a major proteoglycan in cod muscle with ubiquitous distribution overlapping with keratan @entity597 . Other @entity368 -rich proteoglycans were also present in cod muscle, and Western blot using antibodies developed for @entity1 species showed cross reactivity with fish, demonstrating similar structures and molecular weights as in mammals.

title: Lumican is a major small XXXX -rich proteoglycan (SLRP) in @entity7980 ( @entity7980 L.) skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity31846 :: ('MESH:D007632', 'Chemical') :: ['keratan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic cod']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: In preparation for a recently reported, independent field trial of SPf66 @entity311 vaccine efficacy in Thailand, we first established the safety and immunogenicity of two clinical lots of U.S. manufactured lots of SPf66 in a series of overlapping Phase I studies. The vaccine was produced in approved laboratories using good manufacturing practices. Two clinical lots of alum-adsorbed SPf66 were evaluated in a combined, open-label, Phase I clinical trial involving 50 healthy, @entity311 -experienced Karen adults and @entity1 . Volunteers were grouped by age and immunized sequentially. Group 1 had 30 adults. Group 2 had 10 @entity1 8-15 years of age, and Group 3 had 10 @entity1 2-6 years of age. The SPf66 vaccine was well tolerated in this @entity311 -experienced population. The most common side effects were @entity5105 , induration, warmth, and tenderness at the site of injection, which typically resolved within 24-48 hr. One adult volunteer developed an acute @entity1910 following the third dose. Among adults, and to a lesser extent older @entity1 females had more local reactions than their male counterparts. Seroconversion to SPf66 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay occurred in 76% of volunteers receiving two or three doses. This vaccine was safe and immunogenic in @entity311 -experienced Karen adults and @entity1 . This study establishes the comparability of U.S.-manufactured SPf66 with that of Colombian origin, and is important for interpreting the efficacy results of U.S.-manufactured SPf66 in the same study population.

title: Phase I trial of the SPf66 XXXX vaccine in a @entity311 -experienced population in Southeast Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['urticarial rash']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of @entity2306 , a @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor, on suppressing experimental @entity2479 in an animal model of @entity63 . METHODS: The effect of @entity2306 on the survival of RF/6A cells stimulated by @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) was investigated colorimetrically. The inhibitory activity of @entity2306 on the migration of cells stimulated with @entity1611 was measured by cell counting. C57BL/6 @entity19 at postnatal day (P) 7 were exposed to 75 +/- 2% @entity26 for 5 days (P7-P11) and then returned to room air for 5 days ( @entity14800 - @entity14802 ) to induce @entity2479 . Beginning on @entity14800 , @entity19 received daily intraperitoneal injections of @entity2306 or @entity3733 and @entity1391 -buffered saline (control) through @entity14802 . @entity2479 was examined by @entity859 diphosphatase staining after 5 days in room air and was quantitated histologically by counting the neovascular endothelial cell nuclei anterior to the inner limiting membrane. RESULTS: @entity2306 significantly inhibited @entity1611 -induced survival and migration. @entity2306 -treated and control animals demonstrated no perfusion regions in the posterior retina. Retinas from control @entity19 at @entity14802 contained neovascular tufts at the junction between the perfused and nonperfused retina. The tufts contained numerous neovascular nuclei. Retinas from @entity19 treated with @entity2306 demonstrated a significant reduction in neovascular cell nuclei compared with control @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2306 significantly inhibits @entity2479 in a @entity19 model of @entity2479 .

title: Effects of the @entity4357 3-kinase inhibitor in a XXXX model of @entity2479 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization', 'Retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We have previously described anti-KS autoantibodies and provided evidence that they are directed against @entity37733 -transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetase ( @entity37734 ). The aim of the present study was to identify patients with anti- @entity37734 autoantibodies and elucidate the clinical significance of this sixth antisynthetase antibody. In particular, we studied whether it was associated with the syndrome of @entity5442 ( @entity6558 or @entity6017 [ @entity6017 ]), @entity401 ( @entity401 ), @entity625 , and other features that had been previously associated with the 5 other anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies. METHODS: More than 2,500 sera from @entity1 with @entity2597 (including @entity5442 and @entity401 ) and controls were examined for anti- @entity37734 autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation (IP). Positive and control sera were tested for the ability to inhibit @entity37734 by preincubation of the enzyme source with the serum. The HLA class II ( @entity1533 , @entity8167 , @entity3098 , @entity3099 ) alleles were identified from restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction-amplified genomic DNA. RESULTS: Anti- @entity37734 antibodies were identified in the sera of 8 @entity1 (5 Japanese, 1 American, 1 German, and 1 Korean) by IP of the same distinctive set of tRNA and protein that differed from those precipitated by the other 5 antisynthetases, and these antibodies showed specific inhibition of @entity37734 activity. Two of these @entity1 had @entity6017 , but 7 of 8 (88%) had @entity401 . Four @entity1 (50%) had @entity625 , and 1 had @entity2407 . This antisynthetase was very rare among @entity5442 @entity1 (present in 0% of Japanese @entity5442 @entity1 ), but it was found in 3% of Japanese @entity401 @entity1 . Thus, most patients with anti- @entity37734 had chronic @entity401 with or without features of @entity2597 . Interestingly, all 4 Japanese @entity1 tested had DR2 ( @entity1533 *1501/1502), compared with 33% of healthy controls. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that anti- @entity37734 autoantibodies, like anti-alanyl-tRNA synthetase autoantibodies, have a stronger association with @entity401 than with @entity5442 and may be associated with the DR2 phenotype.

title: Clinical and immunogenetic features of XXXX with autoantibodies to @entity37733 -transfer RNA synthetase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disease']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity37733 :: ('CHEBI:22656', 'Chemical') :: ['asparaginyl']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this study we examined the impact of systemic treatment with the long-acting brain penetrant b2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity16959 on @entity14185 activity and IkB expression in @entity35 brain. @entity16959 decreased @entity14185 activity (p65 DNA binding) in nuclear extracts prepared from @entity35 cortex and hippocampus for up to 8h following a single treatment. This was accompanied by increased expression of IkBa mRNA and protein. The temporal increase in IkB protein expression paralleled the suppression of @entity14185 activity, suggesting that IkBa mediates the suppression @entity14185 activity observed. These actions of @entity16959 were prevented by pre-treatment with the non-selective b-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity1169 , the b2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity10342 , but not the b1-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity1406 , suggesting that the effects of @entity16959 on IkBa expression and @entity14185 activity are mediated specifically by the b2-adrenoceptor. In addition, the actions of @entity16959 were mimicked by systemic administration of another highly selective long-acting b2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity6410 . As @entity179 are associated with @entity32 we determined if @entity16959 could suppress @entity14185 activation that occurs in response to an inflammatory stimulus. In this regard we demonstrate that @entity16959 inhibited IkB phosphorylation and IkB degradation and inhibited @entity14185 activity in hippocampus and cortex of @entity35 following a central injection of the inflammagen bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In tandem, @entity16959 blocked expression of the @entity14185 -inducible genes @entity1505 and @entity1590 following LPS administration. Our finding that @entity16959 and @entity6410 inhibit @entity14185 activity in the CNS further supports the idea that b2-adrenoceptors may be an attractive target for treating neuroinflammation and combating @entity32 -related @entity179 .

title: Stimulation of central b2-adrenoceptors suppresses @entity14185 activity in XXXX brain: a role for IkB.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16959 :: ('MESH:D002976', 'Chemical') :: ['Clenbuterol', 'clenbuterol']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Performance improvement (PI) in the multiple systems injured @entity1 frequently highlights areas for improvement in overall hospital care processes. @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is an effective tool to assess and prioritize areas of risk in clinical practice. @entity177 is often initiated by a "near-miss" or concern for risk as opposed to a root cause analysis that is initiated solely after a sentinel event. In contrast to a root cause analysis, the @entity177 looks more broadly at processes involved in the delivery of care. The purpose of this abstract was to demonstrate the usefulness of @entity177 as a PI tool by describing an event and following the event through the healthcare delivery PI processes involved. DESCRIPTION: During routine chart abstraction, a @entity130 registrar found that an elderly @entity130 @entity1 admitted with a subdural @entity1410 inadvertently received heparin during the course of a dialysis treatment. Although heparin use was contraindicated in this @entity1 , there were no sequelae as a result of the error. This case was reviewed by the @entity130 service PI committee and the quality improvement team, which initiated @entity177 . EVALUATION: An @entity177 of inpatient dialysis process was conducted following this incident. The process included physician, nursing, and allied health representatives involved in dialysis. As part of the process, observations of dialysis treatments and staff interviews were conducted. Observation revealed that nurses generally left the @entity1 's room and did not involve themselves in the dialysis process. A formal @entity1 "pass-off" report was not done. Nurses did not review dialysis orders or reevaluate the treatment plan before treatment. We found that several areas of our current practice placed our @entity1 at risk. 1. The nephrology consult/dialysis communication process was inconsistent. 2. Scheduling of treatments for chronic dialysis @entity1 could occur without a formal consult or order. 3. RNs were not consistently involved in dialysis scheduling, setup, or treatment. 4. Dialysis technicians may exceed scope of practice (taking telephone orders) when scheduling of treatment occurred before consult and written orders. OUTCOMES: Near-miss events may be overlooked as opportunities for improvement in cases where no harm has come to the @entity1 . As a result of our @entity177 investigation, the following recommendations were made to improve hospital care delivery in those @entity130 @entity1 who require inpatient dialysis: 1. Education of RNs about the dialysis process. 2. Implementation of a formal reporting process between the RN and the dialysis technician before the procedure is initiated. 3. RN supervision of dialysis treatments. 4. Use of a preprinted inpatient dialysis form. 5. Education of dialysis technicians regarding their scope of practice. 6. Improve notification process for scheduling dialysis procedures between units and dialysis coordinator (similar to x-ray scheduling). Our performance improvement focus has broadened to include all reported "near-miss" events in order to improve our healthcare delivery process before an event with sequelae occurs. We have found that using @entity177 has greatly increased our ability to facilitate change across all services and departments within the hospital.

title: Failure mode and effects analysis as a performance improvement tool in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FMEA', 'Failure mode effects analysis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity263 is usually heterogeneous and multifocal, with diverse clinical and morphologic manifestations. Current understanding of the molecular basis for this heterogeneity is limited, particularly for @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ), the only putative precursor which can be identified according to morphologic criteria. However, it is likely that @entity263 might arise from precursor lesions other than @entity5436 , although these cannot be recognized with certainty at the present time. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the cell-biological and genetic bases for linking @entity5436 and @entity263 . It is conceivable that a stem cell of basal phenotype, or an amplifying cell, is the target of @entity263 . Prominent genetic heterogeneity is characteristic of both @entity5436 and @entity189 ; and multiple foci of @entity5436 arise independently within the same prostate. This observation suggests that a field effect probably underlies @entity1069 . Multiple foci of @entity5 also often arise independently, lending additional support to this hypothesis. The strong genetic similarities between @entity5436 and @entity5 strongly suggest that evolution and clonal expansion of @entity5436 , or other precursor lesions, may account for the multifocal etiology of @entity189 . Uncertainties with respect to identification of those precursor lesions which are most likely to progress to invasive and metastatic @entity263 reinforce the requirement for objective immunohistochemical or molecular biological markers of the @entity146 phenotype.

title: Cellular and molecular pathology of XXXX precursors.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinogenesis', 'prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'PIN']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Delayed @entity2806 from @entity2553 is a major complication after @entity510 ( @entity510 ), but complications and/or low efficacy are associated with current therapy. We report our initial experience with intra-arterial use of a @entity460 channel blocker, @entity3360 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of @entity1 with clinical and angiographic @entity2553 treated with intra-arterial @entity3360 was performed. Standard criteria for definition of significant, intractable @entity2553 after @entity439 @entity510 were used. After catheter angiographic confirmation of @entity2553 , arteries showing severe narrowing were targeted for superselective catheterization. @entity3360 was infused at a high dose rate (0.415-0.81 mg/min). Contrast injections were performed at 2-5-mg intervals to assess effective response (a 60% increase in arterial diameter of the most severely decreased in caliber vessel compared with the very first angiographic run). RESULTS: Eleven consecutive @entity1 underwent a total of 20 procedures; most had @entity510 with high Hunt and Hess grades (III or IV). All had depressed level of consciousness; others had paresis (7/20, 35%), @entity2026 (1/20, 5%), and @entity2103 (1/20, 5%). Between 10 and 40 mg of @entity3360 was used. A 60% increase in diameter of the main affected artery compared with the initial diameter measured in the initial angiographic run was achieved in all procedures. Clinical improvement (resolved focal symptoms or increased Glasgow @entity772 Score) occurred in 10 of 11 @entity1 (91%). One @entity1 died from complications of the initial @entity548 . No complications occurred after 16 of 20 procedures (80%); minor complications without sequelae occurred after the remaining procedures. Follow-up of at least 2 months in 10 survivors revealed minor or no deficits in most @entity1 with a Glasgow Outcome Score of 1 or 2 in 9 of 10 @entity1 (90%). CONCLUSION: In this small series, high-dose intra-arterial @entity3360 infusion to treat @entity510 -associated @entity2553 seems to be safe and effective.

title: Safety and feasibility of intra-arterial @entity3360 for the treatment of @entity510 -associated XXXX : initial clinical experience with high-dose infusions.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine', 'Nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: 1. Structural changes in the thymus during the evolution experimental @entity4815 were investigated to determine their possible role in the genesis of @entity101 . 2. The thymus, adrenal glands and the progression of @entity101 were investigated in @entity35 during the first 30 days after occlusion of the aorta between the two renal arteries. 3. @entity101 was initially accompanied by marked @entity194 , most pronounced 9 days after operation. During this time, the adrenal glands doubled in size and the heart became enlarged. 4. After 21 days the thymus regenerated and became @entity1184 . Histological features of @entity2915 accompanied by infiltration of plasma cells were evident, while the adrenal glands remained enlarged. 5. The observed structural changes of the regenerated thymus in the presence of sustained @entity1184 indicate that the thymus may contribute to the production of @entity101 .

title: Biphasic changes in thymus structure during evolving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive vascular lesions', 'hypertensive vascular disease', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'adrenal hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4815 :: ('MESH:D006977', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the thymus']

answer: @entity4815 :: (MESH:D006977,Disease) :: ['renal hypertension']


abstract: A 17-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of exertional @entity1353 , fever, and hemoptysis. Chest X-ray films disclosed @entity2617 and patchy shadows in both lungs. Laboratory data included a hemoglobin level of 6.7 g/dl and white blood cell count of 8,100/microliter. Urinalysis revealed microscopic @entity811 with RBC cast. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the right middle lobe bronchus was bloody. Anti-GBM antibodies were detected at low levels in serum (10 EU/ml) by ELISA procedures. Renal and lung biopsies were performed. Immunofluorescent studies revealed linear deposits of IgG along glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, but not in alveolar walls of the lung. This case fulfilled the criteria for @entity7860 . The @entity1 was treated with @entity1667 (1,000 mg/day, for 3 days) and plasma exchange (for 2 days), and demonstrated a dramatic improvement in his clinical condition and chest X-ray findings. We were unable to identify autoantibodies to the NC domain of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen. Another conformational epitope may play a role in the disease.

title: [ XXXX initially presenting with alveolar hemorrhage].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ["Goodpasture's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity7860 :: (MESH:D019867,Disease) :: ['Goodpasture's syndrome']


abstract: @entity5144 is a chronic @entity625 that affects about 5   25% of @entity1 with @entity1569 . The prevalence varies from 20   420 per 100,000 population across the world except in Japan where it is 1 per 100,000. @entity5144 affects both genders equally and in more than half it follows long-standing @entity1569 . @entity5144 has been grouped into five subtypes: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) predominant, symmetrical @entity625 , asymmetrical @entity4932 and monoarthritis, @entity1511 , and @entity625 mutilans. @entity4932 occurs in nearly 60% during early disease but later polyarticular disease predominates mainly due to evolution of @entity4932 to @entity625 . In 50   60% @entity625 is symmetrical. Dactylitis and @entity627 are other major features seen in nearly one third of @entity1 . The diagnosis of @entity5144 is easy in the presence of typical @entity272 , however it can also be made in absence of @entity272 using Classification of @entity5144 criteria. Though 30   40% of @entity1 develop @entity85 at a follow-up of 5   10 years but most retain good functional status. Clinical damage has a strong relationship with number of swollen joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and duration of @entity625 . Radiological damage occurs early and @entity2681 are present in nearly 50% at 10 years of disease. @entity66 also has good outcome with maintained spinal mobility in majority of the @entity1 . Screening of @entity1 with @entity1569 using questionnaire can help in early diagnosis. @entity5806 , @entity75 , and intergluteal/perianal @entity1569 are associated with higher chance of development of @entity5144 . Early diagnosis will lead to early treatment and better outcome especially with advent of new drugs.

title: XXXX : a critical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['enthesopathy']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'inflammatory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['DIP', 'distal interphalangeal']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['Nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['scalp lesions']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'Psoriatic Arthritis', 'Psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['Oligoarthritis', 'oligoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['predominant spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['joint deformities']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['Psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: Parental exposure to radiation increases the incidence of @entity5 in resultant F1 offspring. Induced @entity5 are inherited, as they are dominant mutations, indicating that germ line mutation causes @entity5 in progeny. This finding is now confirmed in three different strains of @entity19 (ICR, LT, and N5). Most of the @entity5 induced in offspring were transplantable (malignant); furthermore, preliminary experiments reveal involvement of some known and novel oncogenes in these @entity5 . A germ line mutation causing a @entity5 (' @entity5 mutation') is weakly carcinogenic by itself, but it is strongly expressed in the progeny after postnatal treatment with a small dose of the @entity105 promoting agent @entity4774 . @entity5 yields induced by chemical carcinogens were 20-250 times higher than those induced by @entity5 mutation alone. Embryonic mutagenesis also causes @entity5 in offspring. Although radiation in utero at early embryonic stages induces significant yields of somatic mutations, radiation is not or @entity6632 . However, it induced persistent @entity56 to postnatally administered carcinogenic ( @entity4774 ) and promoting ( @entity864 ) agents. The mechanism must be similar to that of germ line mutation in causing @entity5 . No @entity1778 was found in these experiments as in atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero, but all induced @entity5 were of adult types. The results predicted the recent epidemiological finding that the incidence of @entity5 is now increasing dramatically among atomic bomb survivors exposed in utero.

title: Role of radiation-induced mutations in multigeneration XXXX .

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adult cancers', 'Tumour', 'cancer', 'lung tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very weakly carcinogenic']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify health disparities in pediatric @entity1 with @entity320 that affect disease presentation and outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 aged  <=18  years diagnosed with @entity320 and enrolled in the Texas @entity5 Registry between 1995 and 2009. Socioeconomic status (SES) and driving distance to the nearest pediatric @entity5 treatment center were calculated for each @entity1 . Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with @entity5 . Life table methods and Cox regression were used to estimate survival probability and hazard ratios. RESULTS: A total of 185 adolescents (age >10  years) and 50 young @entity1 (age  <=10  years) were identified. Hispanics (n  =  27; 12%) were 3 times more likely than non-Hispanic whites (n  =  177; 75%) to present with @entity1442 (OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 1.7-8.8). Young @entity1 were twice as likely as adolescents to present with @entity1442 (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.3). Distance to treatment center and SES did not affect stage of disease at presentation. Hispanics and those in the lowest SES quartile had a significantly higher mortality risk (hazard ratios, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.2-7.8] and 4.3 [95% CI, 1.4-13.9], respectively). In the adjusted survival model, only @entity1442 was predictive of mortality (P  <  .001). CONCLUSION: Hispanics and young @entity1 with @entity320 are more likely to present with @entity1442 , and @entity1442 is the single most important predictor of survival. Heightened awareness among physicians is needed to facilitate early detection of @entity320 within these groups.

title: Health Disparities Influence Childhood XXXX Stage at  Diagnosis  and  Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'advanced-stage disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: The 'activating' E2fs ( @entity11319 -3) are transcription factors that potently induce quiescent cells to divide. Work on cultured fibroblasts suggested they were essential for division, but in vivo analysis in the developing retina and other tissues disproved this notion. The retina, therefore, is an ideal location to assess other in vivo adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2f) functions. It is thought that @entity11319 directly induces apoptosis, whereas other activating E2fs only induce @entity204 indirectly by upregulating @entity11319 expression. Indeed, @entity19 @entity995 ( @entity995 )-null retinal neuron @entity204 requires @entity11319 , but not @entity41715 or @entity41716 . However, we report an entirely distinct mechanism in dying cone photoreceptors. These neurons survive @entity995 loss, but undergo apoptosis in the @entity5 lacking both @entity995 and its relative @entity12405 . We show that while @entity11319 killed @entity995 / @entity12405 null rod, bipolar and ganglion neurons, @entity41715 was required and sufficient for @entity204 , independent of @entity11319 and @entity41716 . Moreover, whereas @entity11319 -dependent apoptosis was @entity899 and @entity40324 -independent, @entity41715 caused @entity899 -dependent @entity204 . Our in vivo analysis of cone photoreceptors provides unequivocal proof that E2f-induces apoptosis independent of @entity11319 , and reveals distinct @entity11319 - and @entity41715 -activated @entity204 pathways in response to a single tumorigenic insult.

title: XXXX induces cone photoreceptor apoptosis independent of E2f1 and E2f3.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-prone retina']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cone death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'Rb']

answer: @entity41715 :: (242705(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['E2f2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the introduction and approval of several new @entity565 controller medications for pediatric use, the risk-benefit ratio of these medications has not been fully evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physiologic pulmonary measurements are superior to other measures in evaluating outcomes and to determine whether asthmatic @entity1 have a higher risk of serious adverse events than adults. METHODS: We obtained data on @entity565 controller medications approved between 1997 and 2010 from the US Food and Drug Administration archives. Six medications were approved for use in @entity1 and adults during this time. Of these, we were able to analyze 23 trials of 5 medications. Nine of the trials were conducted in pediatric @entity1 and 14 in adults. RESULTS: We determined whether the primary outcome measure was a physiologic pulmonary measure or another measure and compared trial outcomes. We also evaluated serious adverse events, including mortality rates for both adult and pediatric trials. The frequency of successfully demonstrating efficacy was far superior using physiologic pulmonary measures (13/14 [93%]) compared with other outcome measures (4/9 [44%]). The frequency of serious @entity565 exacerbations, although less than 1%, was higher in the pediatric group of @entity1 (18/1,948 [0.9%]) compared with adults (4/2,460 [0.2%]), regardless of assignment to placebo or drug. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that physiologic pulmonary function measures should be used in evaluating the efficacy of @entity565 controller medications. These data also indicate that pediatric @entity1 may be more prone to serious @entity565 exacerbations during clinical trials.

title: Outcome measures and serious @entity565 exacerbation in clinical trials of XXXX controller medications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The performance of CURB65 in predicting mortality in @entity497 ( @entity497 ) has been tested in two large observational studies. However, it has not been tested against @entity295 and early warning scores, which are increasingly being advocated for identification of high-risk @entity1 in acute medical wards. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed of data prospectively collected for a @entity497 quality improvement study. The ability to stratify mortality and performance characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the receiver operating curve) were calculated for stratifications of CURB65, CRB65, the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) criteria and the @entity8658 ( @entity8658 ). RESULTS: 419 @entity1 were included in the main analysis with a median age of 74 years ( @entity1 = 47%). CURB65 and CRB65 stratified mortality in a more clinically useful way and had more favourable operating characteristics than @entity1850 or @entity8658 ; for example, mortality in low-risk @entity1 was 2% when defined by CURB65, but 9% when defined by @entity8658 and 11-17% when defined by variations of the @entity1850 criteria. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of CURB65 was 71%, 69%, 35% and 91%, respectively, compared with 62%, 73%, 35% and 89% for the best performing version of @entity1850 and 52%, 67%, 27% and 86% for @entity8658 . CURB65 had the greatest area under the receiver operating curve (0.78 v 0.73 for CRB65, 0.68 for @entity1850 and 0.64 for @entity8658 ). CONCLUSIONS: CURB65 should not be supplanted by @entity1850 or @entity8658 for initial prognostic assessment in @entity497 . Further research to identify better generic prognostic tools is required.

title: The CURB65 pneumonia severity score outperforms @entity295 and early warning scores in predicting mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8658 :: ('MESH:C580055', 'Disease') :: ['SEWS', 'standardised early warning score']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['generic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Fibronectin (FN), a large family of plasma and extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, plays an important role in leukocyte migration. In normal central nervous system (CNS), a fine and delicate mesh of FN is virtually restricted to the basal membrane of cerebral blood vessels and to the glial limitans externa. @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), an @entity6220 , was induced in Lewis @entity35 with a spinal cord homogenate. During the preclinical phase and the onset of the disease, marked immunolabelling was observed on the endothelial luminal surface and basal lamina of spinal cord and brainstem microvasculature. In the paralytic phase, a discrete labelling was evident in blood vessels of spinal cord and brainstem associated or not with an inflammatory infiltrate. Conversely, intense immunolabelling was present in cerebral and cerebellar blood vessels, which were still free from inflammatory cuffs. Shortly after clinical recovery minimal labelling was observed in a few blood vessels. Brainstem and spinal cord returned to normal, but numerous inflammatory foci and @entity17 were still evident near the ventricle walls, in the cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum. Intense expression of FN in brain vessels ascending from the spinal cord towards the encephalon preceded the appearance of inflammatory cells but faded away after the establishment of the inflammatory cuff. These results indicate an important role for FN in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory demyelinating events occurring during EAF.

title: Modulation of fibronectin expression in the central nervous system of Lewis XXXX with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Probiotics and milk @entity460 may increase resistance to @entity281 , but their effect on growth and @entity68 and @entity219 status of Indonesian @entity1 is uncertain. We investigated the hypotheses that @entity291 milk with added probiotics would improve growth and @entity68 and @entity219 status of Indonesian @entity1 , whereas milk @entity460 alone would improve growth but reduce @entity68 and @entity219 status. A 6-mo randomized trial was conducted in low-socioeconomic urban communities of Jakarta. Healthy @entity1 (n = 494) were randomly assigned to receive low- @entity1132 milk with a low @entity460 content of    50 mg/d (LC; n = 124), a regular @entity460 content of    440 mg/d (RC group; n = 126), regular @entity460 with 5   10(8) CFU/d @entity6329 @entity6329 CRL 431 ( @entity6329 ; n = 120), or regular @entity460 with 5   10(8) CFU/d @entity6374 DSM 17938 ( @entity6374 ; n = 124). Growth, @entity417 , and @entity68 and @entity219 status were assessed before and after the intervention. Compared with the RC group, the @entity6374 group had significantly greater @entity1017 [0.22 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.42) kg], weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) changes [0.09 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.17)], and monthly weight [0.03 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.05) kg/mo] and height [0.03 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05) cm/mo] velocities. @entity6329 significantly increased monthly weight velocity [0.03 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.05) kg/mo], but not height. However, the changes in underweight, stunting, @entity417 prevalence, and @entity68 and @entity219 status were similar between groups. In conclusion, @entity6374 DSM 17938 modestly improved growth by increasing @entity1017 , WAZ changes, and weight and height velocity, whereas @entity6329 CRL 431 modestly improved weight velocity. Independent from probiotics supplementation, regular milk @entity460 did not affect growth or @entity68 and @entity219 status.

title: Probiotics @entity6374 DSM 17938 and @entity6329 @entity6329 CRL 431 modestly increase growth, but not @entity68 and @entity219 status, among Indonesian XXXX aged 1-6 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6329 :: ('1582', 'Species') :: ['Casei', 'L. casei', 'Lactobacillus', 'casei']

entities_list: @entity6374 :: ('1598', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus reuteri', 'L. reuteri', 'reuteri']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']