abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is a new treatment principle for @entity5 . Passive @entity734 (pMDT) uses cytostatics coupled to ferromagnetic nanoparticles, whereas in active @entity734 (aMDT), extracorporeal magnets are additionally placed over the @entity5 area. PURPOSE: @entity2664 - @entity3703 -dextran composite particles were used to assess the distribution and effect of @entity734 . METHODS: We conducted two trials with n   =   60 @entity35 transfected with R(1)H @entity980 cells. In the biodistribution trial (n   =   36) @entity2664 concentrations in @entity5 tissue versus plasma were measured after one or two dose administration for aMDT, pMDT, and uncoupled @entity2664 . The dose/effect trial (n   =   24) assessed change in @entity5 volume at day 1 and 7 days after administration of 4, 6, or 8 doses of @entity2664 using aMDT. RESULTS: @entity2664 - @entity3703 -dextran concentration in blood was significantly (p   <   0.05) lower when using aMDT and as low as uncoupled @entity2664 . Concentrations in @entity5 tissue were always significantly higher using @entity734 when compared to uncoupled @entity2664 . Two doses resulted in drug accumulation inside the @entity5 . @entity5 growth was significantly decreased with four doses using aMDT versus no treatment. @entity5 size on day 8 versus day 1 was significantly (p   <   0.05) reduced after administration of six doses of @entity2664 - @entity3703 -dextran. No @entity566 /toxic reactions were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity734 achieves higher levels of cytostatics in @entity5 tissue without increased systemic concentrations and succeeds in reducing @entity5 volume.

title: XXXX in a @entity980 @entity35 model using @entity3703 -dextran composite nanoparticle-bound @entity2664 and 0.6 tesla extracorporeal magnets - sarcoma treatment in progress.

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3703 :: ('MESH:D052203', 'Chemical') :: ['magnetite']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Magnetic drug targeting', 'MDT']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['Magnetic drug targeting']


abstract: The results of screening individuals referred to the @entity5 Clinic at St Mark's Hospital from 1986 are presented. Colonoscopy was performed in 644 asymptomatic individuals (from 436 families) with a family history of @entity14 . Sixty nine (15.8%) of the families fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria for the @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Seven cases of @entity14 were diagnosed at an average age of 49 years; six at Dukes's stage A and one at stage C, four in subjects from Amsterdam criteria families. One hundred and forty four (22.4%) subjects had one or more @entity652 . The prevalence of @entity652 in the subjects from Amsterdam criteria families was 34 of 127 (26.8%) compared with 110 of 517 (21.3%) in those from other families; the age and sex adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.76 (p = 0.02). Factors influencing the prevalence of @entity652 in screened individuals were evaluated. Multivariate analysis showed that independent variables significantly related to the risk of @entity652 were: age (p < 0.0001), sex (p = 0.0002), and the number of generations (> @entity21356 ) of relatives affected by either @entity14 or @entity652 (p = 0.0006). The latter variable was more highly predictive of the probability of finding an @entity652 at colonoscopy than a family history of two generations with @entity5 only (p = 0.056). The OR of having @entity2513 increased with age, by about twofold for each decade, and was twice as high in @entity1 than @entity1 , and in subjects with two or more generations relative to those with one generation affected by @entity14 or @entity652 . Six of seven @entity1 with @entity5 and 46 of 144 (31.9%) with @entity652 had lesions proximal to the @entity4558 . The proportion of individuals with proximal @entity652 only was 47.1% in Amsterdam criteria families and 27.3% in the others (p=0.03). These findings support the view that colonoscopy rather than sigmoidoscopy is the method of choice for screening high risk groups.

title: Variables associated with the risk of @entity2513 in asymptomatic XXXX with a family history of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Family Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure only']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['HNPCC', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndromes', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Three @entity1 with multiple @entity85 due to @entity8482 ( @entity8482 ) are presented. All had severe thalamic and @entity66 and @entity528 ; one had also unilateral @entity9670 and polymicrogyri. The character and the pattern of the lesions were highly suggestive of in-utero @entity551 / @entity63 insult. Marked attenuations of anterior spinal roots were mostly seen in the @entity1283 , where anterior horn cell loss and ferrugination were most severe. The changes in the anterior horns were situated peripherally, a distribution corresponding to the terminal ramifications of the sulcal (central) branches of the anterior spinal artery, an area known for its susceptibility to @entity63 , especially in @entity1 . The changes in the brains and spinal cords could reasonably be explained on the basis of intra-uterine perfusion failure in early stages of fetal development. This assumption was supported by the fact that all three @entity1 were subjected to unfavorable environmental factors during gestation. The first was the twin of a macerated @entity1 ; their entangled umbilical cords might have caused differential placental perfusion resulting in partial @entity63 in the twin with @entity8482 and severe @entity63 in the other accounting for its early demise. The second @entity1 had a single functional umbilical artery, a condition frequently associated with @entity600 . The third was born to a mother whose pregnancy was complicated by heavy substance abuse. @entity63 during a critical phase of CNS developmental and muscle innervation is proposed as a cause of some cases of @entity8482 . Placental circulatory failure should be considered in the pathogenesis of @entity8482 in such cases.

title: @entity8482 and intrauterine XXXX of anterior horn cells: a hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['tegmental degenerations with glial scars']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic myelopathy', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis multiplex congenita', 'neuropathic AMC', 'AMC']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral and cervical enlargements']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['developmental anomalies']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['articular deformities']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['shrunken ferruginated neurons']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether pretreatment CT can predict local control of @entity957 of the glottic larynx treated with radiation therapy alone. METHODS: Pretreatment CT studies were retrospectively evaluated by two head and neck radiologists in 28 @entity1 with @entity957 of the glottic larynx treated with definitive radiation therapy. All @entity1 were followed for a minimum of 2 years. A @entity5 score was calculated based on the CT findings of @entity5 involvement of the following areas: the anterior commissure, the contralateral true vocal cord, the arytenoid face, the interarytenoid region, the laryngeal ventricle, the paraglottic space at the true and false vocal cord levels, and the subglottic region. @entity5 volumes based on pretreatment CT were measured in each @entity1 using a computer digitizer. Statistical analysis was performed using the independent sample t test, Wilcoxon's rank sum test, and Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant relationship between @entity5 volume or @entity5 score and outcome of the T2 @entity5 treated with definitive radiation therapy in this series. The overall local control rate was 82%. There were no treatment complications that resulted in loss of laryngeal function. CONCLUSIONS: Like low-volume supraglottic and T3 @entity189 , T2 @entity957 is likely (82%) to be controlled with definitive radiation therapy. Failure to control the @entity5 is attributable to factors other than volume, which may not be detectable on CT, such as @entity5 -host biological factors. Pretreatment CT, however, is beneficial for detecting submucosal spread across the ventricle and subglottic extension, which might contraindicate vertical hemilaryngectomy and might not be apparent on endoscopic examination.

title: Can pretreatment CT predict local control of T2 XXXX treated with radiation therapy alone?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['T2 squamous cell carcinoma', 'glottic squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'glottic tumors', 'Tumor', 'primary tumor']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['glottic carcinomas']


abstract: A retrospective study of 35 @entity1 with @entity31 is presented. The @entity1 were treated with @entity500 , alone or combined with @entity288 , in single or repeated courses, over a period of 11 years. The usual indication for Imuran treatment was nonresponse to @entity3378 or @entity288 . Criteria for response to treatment were: 1. decrease in stool frequency, 2. decrease in frequency and amount of @entity548 and 3. @entity1017 . Improvement was noted on the average two weeks after the start of Imuran therapy and 62% of the @entity1 had complete remission afer 1.7 months. When @entity1 -months of remission and activity were compared on different therapies. Imuran, both alone and combined with @entity230 , was clearly superior to nontreatment or @entity134 therapy. With the exception of two @entity1 with @entity879 , who developed fatal @entity295 on Imuran therapy, there were no serious complications. Seven @entity1 eventually underwent colectomy and one @entity1 developed @entity694 . Our results indicate that there is a definite place for Imuran in the treatment of selected @entity1 with @entity31 .

title: Imuran in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the colon']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['Azulfidine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: In order to decipher movements during freshwater eel colonization, we experimentally characterized individual @entity146 of two eel life history stages: elvers and yellow eels. A ramp located at the flume tank upstream side required a specific @entity146 to be ascended. Placing individually tagged eels in the middle of the tank three times successively tested behavioral consistency. Eels climbing the ramp on each trial were classified as "upstream climbers" whereas eels settling in the tank middle were classified as "inactive". Both stages exhibited these two opposite consistent behaviors. However, elvers were predominantly "upstream climbers" (58.1%) whereas yellow eels were predominantly "inactive" (79.6%). We measured morphometric characters and thyroid hormones to determine if upstream activity was related to @entity558 and thyroid status. Elver upstream climbers had higher @entity558 as well as higher @entity1955 (T(4)) and @entity1954 (T(3)) levels compared with inactive elvers. Yellow eel upstream climbers had lower body length as well as higher T(3) and (T(3):T(4)) ratio compared with inactive yellow eels. This indicated that the physiological release factors for eel upstream migration may be stage dependent. For elvers, high thyroid gland activity, together with high @entity558 , may be the physiological release factors for migration. In contrast, for yellow eels, physiological stress may be the release factor with an increase in T(4) deiodination activity in the smallest eels. Our study revealed @entity5 and intra-stage @entity146 plasticity and suggested stage-dependent opposite impacts of physiological condition on eel upstream migration.

title: Relationships between XXXX , morphometric characters and thyroid hormone levels give evidence of stage-dependent mechanisms in European eel upstream migration.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['body condition']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inter-stage']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['locomotor behavior']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis study of primary subcutaneous @entity3139 -like T-cell @entity706 (SCPTCL). METHODS: Ten cases of SCPTCL, treated in our hospital from January 1999 to January 2009, were included in this study. Their clinicopathological data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: the median age was 50.5 years (range: 10 - 58), 4 males and 6 females. There were seven @entity2940 positive, two negative cases and 1 unclear case. Four cases had repeatedly nodules regressed spontaneously without treatment before diagnosis and new nodules appeared at different sites. Seven @entity1 presented with multiple subcutaneous nodules or deeply seated plaques, most commonly on the extremities and trunk. Ulceration of nodules occurred in 3 cases, and the lesions were @entity158 in five cases. The lesions appeared nodules at the beginning, and then gradually grew into @entity5 . Four @entity1 had @entity409 and one @entity1 had @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ), four @entity1 had @entity3329 or visceral involvement. Three cases with single lesion underwent surgical excision in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy/radiotherapy. One case lost follow up, and two cases live without disease. Among the seven @entity1 with @entity75 , @entity3329 or visceral involvement, one underwent local surgical excision and is alive without disease, six of them received chemotherapy or multi-modality treatment mainly with chemotherapy. Three of these 6 cases are alive without progression, one used histone deacetylase inhibitors after progression and obtained partial regression, and 2 died. The median follow-up for all the 10 @entity1 was 44 months (range: 14 - 99). The progression free survival was 66.7% (6/9), and overall survival was 77.8% (7/9). CONCLUSION: SPTCL has an indolent course, some lesions can regress spontaneously and relapse again. @entity1 with single lesion may live long-term without disease after multimodality therapy. @entity1 with @entity75 or extracutaneous involvement are sensitive to @entity3726 -like regimen, but the duration of remission is short. Histone deacetylase inhibitors may be a promising drug in the treatment for SCPTCL relapse.

title: [Primary subcutaneous @entity3139 -like T-cell XXXX : clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome', 'HPS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity3139 :: ('MESH:D015434', 'Disease') :: ['panniculitis']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lymphoma']


abstract: @entity7769 is one of the most frequently occurring @entity7577 in the upper limb next to @entity923 . Recent minimal invasive technique has prompted us to gain clinical experience with simple in situ decompression with minimal skin incision for @entity7769 . Sixty six consecutive @entity1 with @entity7769 were treated using minimal skin incision technique. The mean age of the @entity1 was 49.7 (range: 15-77) years and average follow up period was 23.9 months (range: 12-60 months). The severity of @entity16 was classified according to the McGowan classification: there were 17 in grade I, 47 in grade II and 2 in grade III. A preoperative nerve conduction study was done by inching method, which revealed motor conduction delay around the medial epicondyle. All operations were carried out in a day surgery unit under local anesthetics. The postoperative outcome was evaluated by Messina classification. The mean duration of the operation was 12 minutes. The technique was highly satisfactorily esthetic for all. Over 80% of the @entity1 were completely satisfied with the procedure taking into consideration their symptoms. Postoperative outcome measures and @entity1 satisfactions ( @entity158 , return to normal activities and work, scar and @entity925 ) were comparable with published series of anterior transposition. The overall satisfactory results were recorded 81% in the @entity1 of McGowan stage I and II. There were 2 cases of @entity1410 as a @entity260 . This procedure is comparably effective alternative which involves less surgical @entity130 , morbidity and rehabilitation time with good surgical outcomes especially in mild and moderate degrees. Minimal skin incision is a simple, safe and effective method to treat @entity1 with @entity7769 .

title: Simple in situ decompression for XXXX using minimal skin incision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome', 'Cubital tunnel syndrome', 'cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity7577 :: ('MESH:C536965', 'Disease') :: ['compression neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['pillar tenderness']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between image noise, voxel size, and voxel-wise repeatability of a dynamic contrast agent-enhanced (DCE) computed tomographic (CT) examination for @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study was approved by the local research ethics committee, and all @entity1 gave written informed consent. Twenty-nine @entity1 (mean age, 69.1 years; range, 56-80 years) with biopsy-proved @entity263 underwent two DCE CT examinations within 1 week prior to radiation therapy. Parameter maps of transfer constant (K(trans)), the fraction of blood plasma (v(p)), the fraction of extravascular extracellular space (v(e)), and the flux rate constant between the extravascular extracellular space and plasma (k(ep)) were calculated at 15 different image resolutions, with kernel sizes ranging from 0.002 to 2.57 cm(3). Statistical analysis to quantify the voxel-wise repeatability was performed by using a Bland-Altman analysis on all tracer kinetic model parameter maps of each @entity1 . From this analysis, the within-voxel standard deviation (wSD) was calculated as a function of spatial resolution. RESULTS: A kernel size in the range of 0.1-0.3 cm(3) yields reliable information. At 0.15 cm(3), the median wSDs of K(trans), k(ep), v(p), and v(e) are 0.047 min(-1), 0.144 min(-1), 0.011, and 0.104, respectively. With increasing kernel size, these values reach stable levels of approximately 0.02 min(-1), 0.05 min(-1), 0.005, and 0.05, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a high voxel-wise repeatability of the DCE CT imaging technique for @entity263 for kernel sizes as small as 0.1 cm(3). With the relationship between kernel size, image noise and voxel-wise repeatability, it becomes possible to estimate for alternative DCE CT protocols (eg, those with a reduced radiation dose) at what kernel size a sufficient repeatability can be obtained.

title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced CT for XXXX : relationship between image noise, voxel size, and repeatability.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms producing hemodynamic changes during epidural anesthesia are incompletely understood. The role of capacitance changes in the splanchnic venous bed can be clarified by comparing blocks of differing segmental distributions. Specifically, we speculated that blocks that include the innervation to the mesenteric circulation alter hemodynamics, sympathetic activity, and venous capacitance to a greater extent than blocks without blockade of sympathetic nerves to this critical vascular bed. METHODS: @entity95 were studied during @entity4486 anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Sympathetic efferent nerve activity to the mesenteric vessels was measured by surgically placed electrodes, and mesenteric vein diameter was measured by videomicroscopy. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were monitored by intraarterial cannulation. Responses were compared after administration of epidural @entity3303 using a dose and catheter level that limited anesthetic to lumbar levels (lumbar group) or thoracic levels (thoracic group). In addition, hemodynamic responses were recorded after thoracolumbar block in animals receiving @entity4486 but breathing spontaneously (spontaneous ventilation group) and in awake animals (awake group). RESULTS: Mean arterial pressure decreased 38.3 +/- 5.8% in the thoracic group but only 16.5 +/- 2.8 in the lumbar group. Sympathetic efferent nerve activity decreased in the thoracic group but increased in the lumbar group. An increase in vein diameter followed thoracic epidural anesthesia, but venoconstriction was observed after lumbar epidural block. The addition of intravenous sedation with @entity4486 did not increase the @entity551 effect of epidural anesthesia in this model. CONCLUSIONS: Block of sympathetic fibers to the splanchnic circulation with thoracic epidural @entity3303 produces mesenteric venodilatation that contributes to @entity551 in @entity95 . A lesser decrease in blood pressure follows blocks limited to lower segments, because baroreceptor stimulation produces increased splanchnic sympathetic activity and mesenteric venoconstriction. Responses in this model are comparable with and without general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. To minimize hemodynamic consequences, epidural blockade should ideally be confined to the fewest necessary segments, avoiding splanchnic innervation if possible.

title: Region of epidural blockade determines sympathetic and mesenteric capacitance effects in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Decreased quality of life in @entity6 is associated with poor health outcomes. Far-infrared sauna treatments improve the quality of life for those with @entity1118 , @entity5815 , @entity308 , and @entity712 . The objective of this study is to determine whether far-infrared saunas have a beneficial effect on quality of life in those with @entity2175 . DESIGN: This was a sequential, longitudinal, interrupted time series design study. SETTING/LOCATION: The setting was Fraser Lake BC, a rural village in central British Columbia, Canada. SUBJECTS: All @entity1 of the Fraser Lake Community Health Center with @entity2175 were invited to participate in this study. INTERVENTIONS: The study consisted of 20-minute, 3 times weekly infrared sauna sessions, over a period of 3 months. OUTCOME MEASURES: To assess quality of life, subjects completed the 36-item Short-form Health Survey Version 2 (SF-36v2) questionnaire as well as "Zero-to-Ten" Visual Analogue Scales. Baseline study parameters were measured within 1 week prior to commencing sauna sessions. Postintervention measurements were collected between 1 and 3 days after the last sauna session. RESULTS: Physical health, general health, and social functioning indices of the SF-36v2 improved. Visual Analogue Scales for stress and @entity1295 improved. CONCLUSIONS: Far-infrared sauna use maybe associated with improved quality of life in @entity1 with @entity6 . Uptake of infrared saunas use is greater than the uptake of other lifestyle interventions.

title: The effects of repeated thermal therapy on quality of life in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review cases of @entity1642 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) presenting to our service over a 10 year period; to identify possible risk factors and test these in a case-control study. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of all @entity1 with a final diagnosis of @entity1642 , presenting between 1990 and 1999 was performed. A case-control study of consecutive @entity1 with @entity309 , matched for age, sex and duration of disease, attending the same clinics. RESULTS:                 <AbstractText Label="CASE SERIES" NlmCategory="METHODS">24 stress @entity174 were identified in 18 @entity1 , representing 0.8% of the @entity309 clinic population; all were @entity1 , median age 69.5 years (range 47-79). Bone mineral densitometry showed median T scores of -3.06 and -2.27 SD at the hip and lumbar spine, respectively. Case-control study: In the stress @entity174 group, past @entity134 doses were higher (p = 0.003). No significant differences in the bone mineral density (BMD) T score at the hip or lumbar spine were found (p = 0.59, p = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1642 are a significant cause of morbidity in @entity309 . Diagnosis is often delayed and presentation can be misleading. Past @entity134 use, particularly at higher doses, confers an increased risk of @entity1642 , but the increased risk is not attributable to @entity170 as assessed by BMD.

title: @entity1642 in XXXX : a case series and case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress fractures', 'stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11163 ( @entity11163 ) therapy is associated with @entity85 ( @entity85 ) @entity137 , which adversely affects quality of life and therapy adherence. Our objective was to evaluate whether genetic variants may predict endocrine therapy-related @entity4512 and hot flashes in a prospective observational cohort study. @entity1 _ METHODS: 254 early @entity0 @entity1 starting @entity11163 (n  =  159) or @entity440 therapy (n  =  95) were included in this genetic biomarker study. @entity85 and vasomotor symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months of therapy. @entity11163 -induced @entity4512 was defined as an increase in @entity4841 or @entity925 relative to baseline. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in candidate genes involved in @entity2931 signalling or previously associated with @entity11163 -related @entity4512 or @entity2931 levels were selected. RESULTS: Overall, 13 SNPs in @entity4819 , @entity9667 , @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity2931 receptor 1 exhibited an allele frequency >0.05 and were included in the analysis. @entity1 carrying the G allele of @entity11164 in @entity2159 experienced significantly more @entity11163 -induced @entity85 compared to the wildtype allele, after correction for multiple testing (P  =  0.046). Furthermore, this SNP was associated with severity of @entity158 (P  =  0.018). No association was found with regard to the other SNPs, both in @entity11163 and @entity440 -treated @entity1 . Neither could an association with vasomotor symptoms be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The SNP @entity11164 in @entity2159 is associated with an increased risk of @entity85 symptoms and @entity158 with @entity11163 therapy, which has not been reported previously. Validation of this finding in larger cohorts and further functional studies are required.

title: Genetic variant in the @entity2159 gene is associated with aromatase inhibitor-related XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity11163 :: ('MESH:C537436', 'Disease') :: ['Aromatase inhibitor', 'AI']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['MS toxicity', 'MS', 'musculoskeletal']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal toxicity']


abstract: Puberty was studied in 95 @entity1 with @entity6750 treated between 1953 and 1977 from the first months or first year of life. Pubertal abnormalities were observed in 13 cases: 1. @entity1175 in 11 cases (late diagnosis in 6 cases, insufficient treatment in 2 cases, delayed puberty in the family in 1 case). 2. An @entity11114 was observed in two cases with insufficient treatment. In the other cases, the outcome of puberty seemed within the normal range. However a careful study showed: 1st. A delay of every stage of puberty, 2nd. The absence of the peak of high velocity in some cases. 3rd. The age of menarche was 13 years 8 months (9 years 1 month-16 years 6 months) (normal @entity1 : 13 years). Final height was dependent upon an early and efficient treatment, and upon a fast catch up of growth and bone maturation.

title: [Puberty in XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity11114 :: ('MESH:C537072', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1175 :: ('MESH:D011628', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed puberty']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity6750 :: (MESH:D003409,Disease) :: ['congenital hypothyroidism']


abstract: The left ventricular outflow pressure gradient in @entity1121 results from systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM). This abnormal orientation of the valve was previously proposed to be caused by inappropriately hypertrophied papillary muscles which protrude to the interventricular septum (IVS). Septal myotomy can alter the orientation of the papillary muscles and resolve the pressure gradient, without myectomy. Recently, we have experienced two instructive cases to prove our previously advocated hypothesis. Case 1: This 54-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity1353 , and his echocardiogram disclosed marked SAM, and a thickened IVS (28 mm) and left ventricular posterior wall (16 mm). The intraventricular pressure gradient was 134 mmHg, and there was @entity339 of grade 2/4. A longitudinal incision via the aorta on the anterior portion of the IVS, toward the base of the anterolateral papillary muscle, resolved the pressure gradient and @entity339 , and two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated that the SAM resolved at the lateral aspect of the valve, but it remained on the medial side. Case 2: This 57-year-old @entity1 complained of @entity1353 during effort. He had marked SAM. The intraventricular pressure gradient was 65 mmHg, and there was grade 3/4 @entity339 . Longitudinal incisions on the anterior, medial and posterior parts of the IVS abolished the SAM and reduced @entity339 to grade 1/4. In both cases, during systole, the anterolateral papillary muscle protruded into the left ventricular ontflow tract, causing SAM. After surgery, the direction of the @entity121 moved toward the mitral orifice during systole, resulting in alleviation of SAM on the same side of the location of septotomy. This further confirmed our concept that disoriented papillary muscles play essential roles in causing SAM. If the Venturi forces previously stressed by other investigators cause SAM, the latter should resolve on both the medial and lateral aspects, even by septotomy. Thus, the Venturi theory seems untenable.

title: [Anterolateral papillary muscle motion before and after septal myotomy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['effort dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle axis']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 , @entity148 and @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) frequently co-occur with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). Clinical consensus admits that @entity308 and @entity148 are the sequelae of @entity3147 in @entity1278 . This review presents a critical assessment of the literature that looked into the link between @entity308 / @entity148 symptoms in relation to @entity3147 and their improvement throughout the treatment. METHODS: We performed a systematic search of literature in Medline and PsychInfo for all the studies done to investigate psychological factors in relation to @entity3147 in @entity1278 using the keywords " @entity1278 ", " @entity308 ", " @entity148 ", " @entity3119 " and " @entity3147 ". Only articles published between 1980 and 2010 in English or French were reviewed. From the articles on @entity1278 and @entity308 , @entity148 , and/or @entity3119 , only the ones which investigated on the relation with @entity3147 were kept. This search was complemented by a manual search. We also checked the reference lists of the articles we found. RESULTS: Seven papers were analyzed and critically reviewed for their methods and results. Results are contradictory and inconsistent at all levels of assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence based data is very rare. From the 7 reviewed studies, none of them draw the same conclusion. This is mainly due to the large differences in the samples' populations and the studies' protocols. Future studies are needed to focus on the relationship between @entity308 / @entity148 symptoms and @entity3147 . A more critical nutritional assessment should be undertaken with multiple psychological assessment scales.

title: Relationship between @entity3147 and XXXX or @entity148 : a critical review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'Anorexia Nervosa']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity548 from @entity1313 was confirmed clinically, surgically, or on autopsy in 94 of 1861 cases (5.1%) treated during the past 18 years: 49 of 311 @entity977 (15.8%) and 45 of 1550 other @entity1313 (2.9%). The higher incidence of @entity548 from @entity977 was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In @entity1313 other than @entity977 , the incidence of @entity548 was significantly higher in the @entity1 under 14 years old (17 of the 322 cases, 5.3%) than in the @entity1 over 15 years old (28 of the 1228 cases; 2.3%) (p less than 0.001). Nineteen @entity1 showed no evidence of clinical symptoms related to @entity548 . Twenty-six @entity1 had a definite history of an acute episode that suggested sudden @entity548 . In 11 of these, the apoplectic syndrome was the initial presenting symptoms. The incidence of @entity548 was not statistically correlated with sex. The @entity548 was intratumoral in 30 cases, intracerebral in 7, subarachnoid in 7, and subdural in 1. The @entity5 were supratentorial in 36 cases, pineal in 1, and infratentorial in 8. Primary and @entity3 and primary @entity189 seemed to cause @entity548 most frequently. The following precipitating factors were found in 7 of the 17 @entity1 aged under 14: ventricular drainage in 2, ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 2, carotid angiography in 1, @entity542 in 1, and @entity1778 in 1. Seven of the 17 @entity1 under 14 years old died of @entity548 from the @entity5 . Unless there is evidence of @entity455 such as @entity438 , @entity1462 , or @entity101 , @entity932 should be suspected of being due to a @entity1313 .

title: Spontaneous @entity932 caused by XXXX : its incidence and clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage', 'massive bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: To re-evaluate the clinical utility of the prolonged management of @entity1378 with @entity3934 (TP), an oral cholecystographic agent, we studied the changes in the scoring of @entity3935 signs and symptoms ( @entity3935 index; TI), serum concentrations and binding of thyroid hormone, and circulating TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb) in two groups of @entity1 with @entity2743 ; seven @entity1 (TP group) received TP (1.5 g daily) alone for 14 weeks, and six @entity1 (TP + @entity3936 group) received @entity3937 ( @entity3936 ; 30 mg daily) in addition to TP for 8 weeks and @entity3936 alone thereafter. In the TP group, the TI reduced significantly, but it failed to reach a euthyroid level in all except one. Serum total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), and @entity3938 uptake (T3U) values declined by the third week of treatment, but an 'escape' occurred thereafter. Serum @entity3938 and @entity3939 ( @entity3939 ) levels were increased. The TRAb titres were increased slightly but significantly. Serum @entity3938 levels fell within a week but remained higher than normal during the treatment. In the TP + @entity3936 group, all @entity1 achieved a normal TI by the end of the treatment. Serum TT4, FT4 and T3U fell more significantly than those in the TP group, indicating no escape from the effect of TP. The serum TRAb decreased significantly. Serum @entity3938 levels showed a greater reduction than those in the TP group, and remained decreased even after withdrawal of TP. In a further 9 @entity1 receiving TP alone for 4-14 weeks (7.3 +/- 5.0 weeks on the average), TP was withdrawn and replaced by @entity3936 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prolonged treatment of XXXX with @entity3934 , an oral cholecystographic agent: a re-evaluation of its clinical utility.

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3934 :: ('MESH:D014441', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tyropanoate']

entities_list: @entity3939 :: ('6906', 'Gene') :: ['T4 binding globulin', 'TBG']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 is the most common and @entity1313 . Over the past decade, several divergent genetic pathways have been implicated in the initiation, progression and clinical outcome of this disease. As our understanding of GBM expands and identifies actionable targets specific to individual @entity5 , there will be a pressing need for the development of new tools that will maximize the use of limited clinical samples to enable the employment of personalized care paradigms. We used PrimePCR validated assays to generate a custom real-time PCR screening panel, containing 74 previously published mRNA targets showing gene expression changes in @entity463 , and five house-keeping genes. A cohort of 19 frozen brain specimens were analyzed, including WHO Grade II @entity3271 (n  =  3), WHO Grade II @entity816 (n  =  2), WHO Grade III @entity816 (n  =  1), and @entity463 (n  =  13). Four normal brain samples were also analyzed. We performed RNA extraction, followed by cDNA synthesis, multiplexed pre-amplification and SYBR-based qPCR, to generate expression profiles on all samples. We demonstrated that the workflow shows high tolerance to variation in RNA quality (RIN 8.5-4) and high sensitivity in detection. cDNA input that is equivalent to 3  ng of starting RNA was sufficient to conduct accurate semiquantitative analysis of the panel of 79 assays. Using principal component analysis, we were able to accurately separate @entity463 from @entity11 . The two WHO Grade III @entity5 analyzed clustered with @entity463 , but showed more similarity to @entity11 . In this study, we have shown the feasibility of consolidating high-throughput data into a single functional panel capable of accurately classifying @entity11 specimens based solely on semiquantitative gene expression profiling.

title: A novel amplification-based approach to enable gene expression profiling from small clinical XXXX specimens.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['deadly type of brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II gliomas', 'glioma', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma', 'Glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity299 is a rare disease, and its prevalence is uncertain. The aim of the present prospective study was to assess the prevalence of @entity299 using annual echocardiographic follow-up. We studied 80 consecutive @entity1 presenting with histologically proven digestive endocrine @entity5 and @entity4303 . All @entity1 underwent annual conventional transthoracic echocardiographic studies and measurement of biologic carcinoid markers. Right- and left-sided @entity299 and the score of the severity of @entity299 were systematically assessed. At baseline, the prevalence of right- and left-sided @entity299 was 33% and 8%, respectively. At the end of follow-up, the corresponding prevalence was 53% and 21%. The correlations were strong between urinary @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and the right-sided @entity299 score (r = 0.75, p <0.0001), between urinary @entity5581 and the left-sided @entity299 score (r = 0.83, p = 0.001), and between urinary @entity5581 and the overall @entity299 score (r = 0.84, p <0.0001). All @entity1 with > or =3 years of @entity4303 and increased level of urinary @entity5581 presented with echocardiographic evidence of @entity340 on routine monitoring. In conclusion, the prevalence of @entity299 remained high and increased during follow-up. @entity299 progresses over time, highlighting the need for echocardiographic follow-up once @entity4303 has been diagnosed.

title: Echocardiographic follow-up of treated @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid heart disease', 'Carcinoid heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve disease']

answer: @entity4303 :: (MESH:D002276,Disease) :: ['carcinoid syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to treatment can result from forgetting, carelessness, stopping the drug when feeling worse, or stopping the drug when feeling better. OBJECTIVE: To develop and psychometrically assess a brief instrument that can be easily used in clinical practice to measure adherence to antidepressants. METHOD: We developed the Antidepressants Adherence Scale (AAS); a self report rating scale including four items to assess the degree to which forgetting, carelessness, and stopping due to feeling worse or feeling better interfere with adherence in the last 4 weeks. Our proposed four-item adherence instrument was developed based on previous research and theory. @entity1 : Experts in @entity1316 (n=12) participated in the formal validity assessment of the instrument, and the developed instrument was administered to @entity1 who were prescribed antidepressants (n=63). All @entity1 also completed a multiple choice question instrument to measure knowledge of @entity308 , and a Likert self report questionnaire to assess attitudes towards @entity308 and its treatment. RESULTS: There was 90% agreement among experts that the items were highly relevant providing strong evidence for content validity. Also, there was empirical evidence for validity. There were significant correlations (p<0.05) between knowledge and attitude subscales and adherence items. The internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) was 0.66 for the instrument. CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCE: Knowledge of and attitudes to @entity308 and its treatment may have significant impact on the adherence to antidepressants. The AAS can be used in clinical settings (2-3 min to administer) to evaluate @entity1 ' adherence to antidepressants.

title: Knowledge of and attitudes towards XXXX and adherence to treatment: the Antidepressant Adherence Scale (AAS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: @entity64 constitutes a substantial clinical and socio-economic burden. It is currently the third cause of @entity204 worldwide and results in mortality or disability in every third @entity1 at the end of the first year following an acute cerebrovascular event. Although in-hospital mortality rates in @entity64 @entity1 have decreased, prevention and cardiovascular risk control remain critical for improving the prognosis and reducing @entity64 burden worldwide. The definitions of @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) have been recently modified following the findings from neuroimaging and thrombolysis research. Both @entity64 and @entity63 are recurrent and preventable disorders. Both @entity1 with @entity64 and those with @entity63 require prompt clinical workup, risk assessment, and appropriate management because the risk of recurrence, @entity64 , and coronary events is significant. The 5 most common cardiovascular risk factors (high blood pressure, smoking, @entity1144 , diet, and lack of physical activity) are responsible for 80% of the cases. @entity64 prevention involves lifestyle modification and specific treatment. Secondary prevention of @entity385 involves early treatment (antiplatelets and carotid interventions) and long-term management including lifestyle changes, antihypertensive therapy, antiplatelets, antithrombotic drugs in @entity1 with @entity955 , and the use of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs. @entity64 @entity1 are at risk of @entity308 , @entity303 , @entity302 , and other complications that also require targeted treatment.

title: Prevention of XXXX in clinical practice: a role of internists and general practitioners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'transient ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness over three years of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for @entity1643 . DESIGN: Randomised allocation of @entity1 to chiropractic or hospital outpatient management. SETTING: Chiropractic clinics and hospital outpatient departments within reasonable travelling distance of each other in 11 centres. SUBJECTS: 741 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 18-64 years with @entity1643 in whom manipulation was not contraindicated. OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in total Oswestry questionnaire score and in score for @entity158 and @entity1 satisfaction with allocated treatment. RESULTS: According to total Oswestry scores improvement in all @entity1 at three years was about 29% more in those treated by chiropractors than in those treated by the hospitals. The beneficial effect of chiropractic on @entity158 was particularly clear. Those treated by chiropractors had more further treatments for @entity615 after the completion of trial treatment. Among both those initially referred from chiropractors and from hospitals more rated chiropractic helpful at three years than hospital management. CONCLUSIONS: At three years the results confirm the findings of an earlier report that when chiropractic or hospital therapists treat @entity1 with @entity1643 as they would in day to day practice those treated by chiropractic derive more benefit and long term satisfaction than those treated by hospitals.

title: Randomised comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management for XXXX : results from extended follow up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity260 often remains undiagnosed and therefore untreated. The purpose of this continuing professional development module is to identify @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity933 following non-cardiac surgery and to provide tools to aid in the diagnosis of @entity933 at the bedside. Optimal prevention and treatment strategies are recommended. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity933 is characterized by an acute onset and a fluctuating course, inattention, disorganized thinking and an altered level of consciousness, and occurs in up to 40% of @entity1 in the perioperative period. The pathophysiology of @entity933 is multifactorial, but it is believed to be related to @entity32 , altered neurotransmission, and stress in the @entity1 who has had surgery. @entity934 and @entity935 appear to play a significant role. There is an increased risk of a poor outcome in @entity1 who develop @entity933 , including a longer hospital stay and @entity204 . Surgical and @entity1 factors play a significant role in predicting who will subsequently develop @entity933 . Prevention is much more effective than treatment in the management of @entity933 . The most effective prevention strategies include proactive geriatric assessment and care of the @entity1 on a geriatrics surgical ward as well as prophylactic low-dose antipsychotic agents. From an anesthetic perspective, evidence in some surgical populations would support the use of regional techniques and minimal sedation. If @entity933 develops, treatment with low-dose oral antipsychotics appears to be most effective. CONCLUSIONS: @entity933 is a serious condition that must be recognized early and treated promptly to minimize deleterious outcomes. In order to institute prevention strategies and treat the condition effectively when it occurs, the anesthesiologist must be vigilant in identifying @entity1 at risk and in screening for this condition.

title: XXXX : risk factors and management: continuing professional development.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative delirium']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative delirium']


abstract: @entity10787 is an emerging mosquito-borne disease that represents a threat to @entity1 and @entity4409 . The exophilic and exophagic behavior of the two main vector in @entity739 (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes), adverse events post-vaccination, and lack of treatment, render ineffective the disease control. Therefore it is essential to develop an information system that facilitates decision-making and the implementation of adaptation strategies. In East Africa, RVF outbreaks are linked with abnormally high rainfall, and can be predicted up to 5 months in advance by modeling approaches using climatic and environmental parameters. However, the application of these models in @entity739 remains unsatisfactory due to a lack of data for animal and @entity1 cases and differences in the dynamics of the disease emergence and the vector species involved in transmission. Models have been proposed for @entity739 but they were restricted to rainfall impact analysis without a spatial dimension. In this study, we developed a mixed Bayesian statistical model to evaluate the effects of climatic and ecological determinants on the spatiotemporal dynamics of the two main vectors. Adult mosquito abundance data were generated from July to December every fortnight in 2005-2006 at 79 sites, including temporary ponds, bare soils, shrubby savannah, wooded savannah, steppes, and villages in the Bark  dji area. The results demonstrate the importance of environmental factors and weather conditions for predicting mosquito abundance. The rainfall and minimum temperature were positively correlated with the abundance of Cx. poicilipes, whereas the maximum temperature had negative effects. The rainfall was negatively correlated with the abundance of Ae. vexans. After combining land cover classes, weather conditions, and vector abundance, our model was used to predict the areas and periods with the highest risks of vector pressure. This information could support decision-making to improve RVF surveillance activities and to implement better intervention strategies.

title: Statistical modeling of the abundance of vectors of west african XXXX in bark  dji, senegal.

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity10787 :: ('MESH:D012295', 'Disease') :: ['Rift Valley fever']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West Africa']

answer: @entity10787 :: (MESH:D012295,Disease) :: ['rift valley Fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Penetration of antibiotics into the pancreas is considered to be an important criterion in determining the most appropriate antibiotic treatment during severe acute @entity788 . Our study investigated pancreatic penetration of five antibiotics in @entity35 with and without @entity656 ( @entity656 ) (non- @entity788 @entity35 (NR), @entity788 @entity35 (AP)). METHODS: @entity656 was induced by intraductal @entity6741 injection, and 3 h later the antibiotic was administered. In both NR and AP the antibiotic concentrations were evaluated in blood and pancreatic tissue 90 min after antibiotic administration. RESULTS: The tissue/serum (T/S) ratios for NR were 16% with @entity4509 , 24% with @entity115 / @entity798 , 27% with @entity3400 , 59% with @entity800 , and 108% with @entity2891 . The ratios for AP were 7%, 23%, 26%, 52%, and 70%, respectively. T/S ratios were similar for NR and AP except for @entity4509 , for which the T/S ratio was lower in AP than in NR (P = 0.02). Pancreatic tissue concentrations of antibiotics with high penetration rates ( @entity2891 and @entity800 ) were sufficient to inhibit most of the pathogens expected during acute @entity788 . The concentrations of the other antibiotics were less than the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for common potential pathogens in @entity788 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2891 and @entity800 showed the best pancreatic penetration of the five antibiotics tested. The high concentrations of these antibiotics in the pancreatic tissue would have enabled efficient antibacterial activity against most of the potential pathogens causing @entity788 . An early stage of @entity656 did not have a major effect on the pancreatic concentrations of the antibiotics.

title: Penetration of antibiotics into the pancreas in @entity35 : an effect of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infection']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['ANP', 'acute necrotizing pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefoperazone', 'cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: Tracheal autotransplantation allows for reconstruction of extended hemilaryngectomy defects after resection of @entity5 . With this technique, optimal functional results were obtained after a learning curve of more than 50 @entity1 . The objective of this paper is to present the final reconstructive concept with the typical indications. Unilateral glottic @entity5 and lateralized @entity511 of the cricoid cartilage are resected with a hemilaryngectomy including one-half of the cricoid cartilage. After @entity5 resection, a radial forearm flap with a skin paddle and a @entity4438 are taken. The skin paddle restores the laryngeal defect temporarily, and the @entity4438 wraps the upper 4 cm of cervical @entity825 . A 'tracheostomy' is preserved in the area between the reconstructed larynx and the fascia-wrapped @entity825 . The radial forearm vessels are sutured to the neck vessels. After 4 months, the skin island of the radial forearm flap is removed from the defect and the revascularized, fascial enwrapped @entity825 is transplanted to the laryngeal defect. The tracheal continuity is re-established with preservation of a tracheostoma. The tracheotomy can be closed after 6 weeks. Two case reports are presented: a unilateral T3 glottic @entity5 and a @entity511 of the cricoid cartilage. The two @entity1 showed normal oral feeding 1 week after the operation. Hand-free speaking was possible after closure of the tracheostomy. Tracheal autotransplantation after vascular induction of the @entity825 with the radial forearm flap leads to optimal repair of extended hemilaryngectomy defects.

title: Laryngeal repair after resection of advanced XXXX : an optimal reconstructive protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma', 'chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial paddle']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: HISTORY AND METHODS: Six weeks after onset of a monocular elevation paresis of the left eye a 78-year-old @entity1 presented with an anterior @entity63 optic @entity2194 . This time a monocular elevation paresis was observed in the right eye. The diagnosis of @entity3468 temporalis was confirmed histologically. THERAPY AND CLINICAL COURSE: Systemic @entity134 therapy was administered. Five days later the @entity1 developed signs of an @entity810 . After further @entity134 therapy the neurologic signs and the @entity1319 resolved. The visual acuity of the right eye improved from 1/20 to 6/20, but the visual field remained poor. CONCLUSION: In retrospect the monocular elevation paresis was the initial sign of the @entity226 . The combination of the affected muscles and the change of the affected eye were hints at a prenuclear origin of the paresis. General signs of an acute @entity9085 supported this supposed localisation.

title: [ XXXX as a primary symptom of @entity226 ].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy of the right eye']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute vertebrobasilar insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorder']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['Ocular motility disorder']


abstract: The regulation of urokinase receptor ( @entity18870 ) gene expression during @entity5694 was studied in vivo with a @entity19 model system. Northern blot analysis demonstrated relatively high levels of @entity18870 mRNA in @entity19 placenta, with intermediate levels in lung and spleen and very low levels in heart and kidney. No @entity18870 mRNA could be detected in liver, gut, thymus, brain, or skeletal muscle. Intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) increased the steady-state levels of @entity18870 mRNA in most tissues examined. The greatest induction (sevenfold) was observed in the lung at 1 hour after injection. The cellular localization of @entity18870 mRNA was assessed by in situ hybridization. In control @entity19 , @entity18870 mRNA was detected primarily in alveolar macrophages of the lung and lymphocytes of the spleen and thymus, although a specific signal was also present in other cell types. In general, endothelial cells lacked detectable @entity18870 mRNA. The induction of @entity18870 mRNA by lipopolysaccharide was apparent within 30 minutes and was localized to tissue macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells lining arteries and veins. At later times (1 to 3 hours), specialized epithelial cells present in gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, and uterus were also positive for @entity18870 mRNA. Induction of @entity18870 in vivo by lipopolysaccharide may facilitate the extravasation and migration of leukocytes during @entity32 .

title: Endotoxin stimulates expression of the XXXX urokinase receptor gene in vivo.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity170 is a @entity2526 characterized by compromised bone strength and increased risk of @entity174 . It is a common disorder in elderly subjects and represents a major public health problem, affecting up to 40% postmenopausal @entity1 and 15% of @entity1 . Among the several therapeutical interventions, @entity34 ( @entity34 ) was traditionally seen as the gold standard for preventing @entity3604 in postmenopausal @entity1 , as well as for the management of menopausal symptoms. However @entity34 , especially if administered long-term, may lead to an increased risk of breast and, when unopposed by @entity7828 , @entity1204 . Alternative therapies include @entity171 and @entity441 , a selective @entity172 receptor modulator (SERM). While the former have been associated with suboptimal adherence, the latter was considerably less potent than @entity172 and its effect in the prevention of @entity174 remain uncertain. AIMS: The purpose of this article is to review the clinical trials of @entity24434 , a new SERM for the treatment of @entity170 . The medical literature was reviewed for appropriate articles containing the terms " @entity24434 " and SERMs". EVIDENCE REVIEW: There are three (phase II or phase III) clinical trials that clearly demonstrate efficacy and safety of this new SERM in the suppression of @entity604 and the prevention of vertebral and @entity174 . Moreover, @entity24434 treatment also reduced @entity0 risk and the occurrence of @entity194 . PLACE IN THERAPY: With its increased potency and efficacy on the prevention of @entity174 @entity24434 may be an alternative and cost-effective therapy for @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: XXXX : Evidence of its therapeutic value in @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity24434 :: ('MESH:C111332', 'Chemical') :: ['lasofoxifene']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['nonvertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HRT', 'hormone replacement therapy']

answer: @entity24434 :: (MESH:C111332,Chemical) :: ['Lasofoxifene']


abstract: Several recent studies have reported associations between airborne particles and/or @entity1787 and hospital admissions for @entity1576 . PM10 has rarely been used as the particle exposure measure, however. This study examined whether such an association could be seen in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, which has daily monitoring data for PM10. Data on hospital admissions in @entity1 aged 65 y and older were obtained from Medicare records for the years 1986 through 1989. Daily counts of admissions, by admit date, were computed for @entity55 (ICD9 480-487) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (ICD9 490-496). Classification was by discharge diagnosis. Daily air pollution data from all monitoring stations for @entity1787 and PM10 in Minneapolis-St. Paul were obtained, and the daily average for each pollutant was computed. An average of approximately six @entity55 admissions and two admissions for @entity1030 occurred each day. Poisson regression analysis was used to control for time trends, seasonal fluctuations, and weather. PM10 was a risk factor for @entity55 admissions (relative risk [RR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-1.02) and @entity1030 admissions (RR = 1.57, 95% CI = 2.06-1.20). @entity1787 was also associated with @entity55 admissions (RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.36-0.97). The relative risks are for an increase of 100 micrograms/m3 in daily PM10 and 50 ppb in daily @entity1787 concentration. Several alternative methods for controlling for seasonal patterns and weather were used, including nonparametric regression techniques. The results were not sensitive to the methods. When days exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for either pollutant were excluded, the association remained for both @entity55 (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.34-1.03 for PM10, and RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.41-0.99 for @entity1787 ) and @entity1030 (RR = 1.54, 95% CI = 2.06-1.16 for PM10).

title: PM10, XXXX , and hospital admissions for the elderly in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']


abstract: Two-channel ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is a useful method for detecting transient @entity741 in @entity1 with @entity453 . However, the monitoring of only 2 leads may fail to detect a significant number of @entity63 episodes. In this study, the additional diagnostic value of a third bipolar chest lead was evaluated by recording a simultaneous 12-lead electrocardiogram and a 3-channel ambulatory electrocardiogram during exercise testing in 223 @entity1 (aged 63 +/- 10 years) with proved or suspected @entity301 . Leads CM5, CM3, and an inferior lead (Y-modified or CMf) were monitored on the ambulatory electrocardiogram. @entity308 on the standard electrocardiogram was detected in 98 @entity1 (44%), 94 (96%) of whom also had diagnostic ST-segment changes on the ambulatory electrocardiogram. Two additional @entity1 had ST-segment @entity308 only on the ambulatory electrocardiogram (both in lead CM5). @entity308 and duration of @entity63 detected on standard and ambulatory ECG leads were similar in the 94 @entity1 in whom ST-segment changes were detected on both types of ECG monitoring. CM5 was the single lead with the highest sensitivity (89%) in detecting @entity741 . The addition of CM3 to CM5 increased sensitivity to 91%, and the addition of an inferior lead to CM5 increased sensitivity to 94%, particularly improving the detection of isolated inferior @entity741 . The combination of all 3 ambulatory ECG leads had a sensitivity of 96%, an improvement of only 2% compared with the best combination of 2 leads (i.e., CM5 +/- inferior lead).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of a third Holter lead for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Maximal ST-segment depression', 'Diagnostic ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 and @entity101 are commonly associated chronic conditions which require regular structured treatment. In the UK many quality markers have been improved through an incentivisation scheme. The aim of this study was to discover if there is potential for improving the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 in rural Italy, through a quality and outcome incentivisation scheme. METHODS: The study was conducted in a rural practice context in Southern Italy and seven family doctors were involved. The main outcome measures were glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), LDL @entity165 , and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The @entity1 characteristics examined were age, sex, educational level, behaviour-related factors such as smoking and BMI, and the presence of comorbidities. RESULTS: A poor level of registration was found for important variables such as HBA1c (61.4% compared with the UK Quality Indicator of 90%). An adequate level of registration and control was found only for blood pressure (95.7% and 82.1%, respectively), while an acceptable but not optimal level of control for HBA1c was also achieved (88.4% _8804;10%). In comparison with levels in UK practices, the Italian district studied performed much less favorably, especially regarding process indicators. Intermediate outcome and treatment indicators were slightly better for blood pressure control but slightly worse for HBA1c and @entity165 control. CONCLUSION: The data confirm a poor registration level for important healthcare indicators in the study area, and that optimal levels are rarely reached for many quality indicators. A quality and outcome incentivisation scheme similar to the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework may offer a tool for achieving improvements.

title: Quality of care for XXXX @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in a rural area of Southern Italy: is the recording of @entity1 data and the achievement of quality indicators targets satisfactory?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: In most marsupials, the angular process is inflected medially. By using an ontogenetic series of @entity14085 , the development of this characteristic structure has been described. In contrast with the eutherian mammals, in marsupials there is retained a close connection between the dentale and the tympanicum and goniale; it is well known that these 2 elements of the middle ear are derived from the angulare and prearticulare of the reptilian lower jaw. At the neonatal stage, the dentale and tympanicum are both relatively vertically orientated; during the following 2 weeks, they take an increasingly oblique position, which is primarily caused by the rapid growth of the braincase. Only after the eruption of the first teeth, the ascending ramus of the dentale takes a more and more vertical position, whereas the angular process remains with its tip near the medioventral floor of the @entity4530 . The bulla shows at this place a rectangular fenestra which is covered by a membrane of loose connective tissue; the tip of the angular process, which is always free of muscular insertions, maintains contacts with this fenestra throughout life. During juvenile and adult life stages, the process becomes somewhat removed from the fenestra for obvious reasons, but at a gape of about 40 to 50 degrees it inevitably must touch the "inferior tympanic membrane" and possibly also the tympanic ring. It is speculated that the relationship between the angular process and the @entity4530 represents a specific form-function complex for sound transmission, which may be a modified retention from archaic @entity1 conditions. Further details of the ontogenetic development of the tympanic region have been described which may be of some relevance for the evolutionary morphology of mammals: The tympanic process of the petrosal, which fixes the posterior end of the tympanic ring, is formed by 'Zuwachsknochen' (additional bone) but not by cartilage. The styloid process remains cartilaginous throughout life: its free tip ends in the lateral wall of the tympanic cavity and it is closely connected with the collum mallei and the posterior end of the tympanicum; it guides the chorda tympani and may therefore be homologous with the cartilage of Spence. The cartilage of Paauw is interpreted in terms of functional morphology. A model of evolutionary transformation of the dentale-tympanicum complex in mesozoic mammals in outlined on the basis of the ontogenetic findings in @entity14085 and other didelphid and dasyurid marsupials.

title: [The angular process of XXXX (Didelphidae, Marsupialia) and its relation to the middle ear: an ontogenetic and evolutionary morphologic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity14085 :: ('13616', 'Species') :: ['Monodelphis domestica', 'Monodelphis']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['tympanic bulla']

answer: @entity14085 :: (13616,Species) :: ['Monodelphis domestica']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Piecemeal resection of @entity14 is associated with a higher risk of recurrent or @entity41 , but nearly all such cases can be cured by additional endoscopic resection (ER). Although the adoption of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for @entity14 is continuing, the safety of this treatment for recurrent or @entity41 has not been fully assessed. We evaluated salvage therapy for the treatment of recurrent or @entity41 , and propose an endoscopic treatment strategy for these @entity5 . METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted for 60 consecutive @entity1 who had with locally recurrent or @entity41 after ER between January 2004 and October 2005. Endoscopic treatment strategy, treatment results, complications and clinical outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Among 69 lesions in 60 @entity1 , 67 were treated endoscopically, whereas 2 required surgical treatment. Of these 67, 87% (58/67) were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and 13% (9/67) by ESD. En bloc resection rate was 39% (23/58) in the EMR group and 56% (5/9) in the ESD group. One limitation of this study is that it was a single-center retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS: ESD is safe and effective for the treatment of recurrent or residual @entity14 . However, because of its technical difficulty, the en bloc resection rate is lower than that for the treatment of nonrecurrent lesions.

title: Treatment strategy for recurrent or residual XXXX after endoscopic resection.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal tumors']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone, @entity443 , and antithrombin III were measured in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 receiving adjuvant combination chemotherapy or combination chemotherapy and long-term @entity440 therapy. The aim was to determine the @entity172 -like effects of @entity440 . The premenopausal @entity1 had received @entity440 for between 434 and 2592 days and postmenopausal @entity1 between 91 and 1560 days. @entity440 caused a consistent rise in @entity443 in premenopausal (P less than 0.03) and postmenopausal (P less than 0.01) @entity1 compared to chemotherapy controls. Luteinizing hormone levels were only significantly lowered (P less than 0.008) in premenopausal @entity1 compared to chemotherapy controls. Antithrombin III levels were significantly @entity308 (P less than 0.001) in postmenopausal @entity1 compared with chemotherapy controls. However, none of the @entity1 had a value that was @entity308 by more than 30% of the laboratory control (the level of clinical significance). The mean for the group was 90% +/- 4 (mean +/- SD, N = 11). The @entity172 -like rise in @entity443 produced by adjuvant @entity440 therapy could be advantageous for maintaining the antiestrogenic action of the drug. A decrease in antithrombin III occurred but was not within a range of clinical concern. We recommend, however, that @entity1 with a history of @entity1031 should be monitored carefully if placed on @entity440 therapy.

title: Long-term adjuvant therapy with @entity440 : effects on XXXX and antithrombin III.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin']

answer: @entity443 :: (6462,Gene) :: ['sex hormone binding globulin']


abstract: A cross-sectional study was carried out in @entity1 and adolescents of both sexes, aged 1-15 years that sought dental @entity341 attention to the Regional Hospital between 2004 and 2007 in Temuco, Chile. The purpose of this study was to identify the aetiology, types of @entity130 in primary and permanent dentitions, sex and age distributions, accident location; and time elapsed before @entity341 treatment in @entity1 and adolescents. The sample consisted of 359 @entity1 with 145 primary teeth and 525 permanent teeth affected by dental @entity130 . The results showed a 2:1 male:female ratio distribution (242/117) with a mean age of 8.4 years. The 7- to 12-year-old group had the highest frequency of @entity8495 (66.6%). @entity2332 were the main cause of injury to primary and permanent dentition (51.8%), followed by striking teeth against objects (15.6%) and bike accidents (13.9%). In primary dentition the most common diagnosis were @entity7194 (38.6%) and @entity155 (16.6%), whereas in permanent dentition was uncomplicated crown @entity174 (32.9%). A high proportion of the @entity1 received their first @entity341 attention 24 h after the accident (32.6%). This study revealed a high frequency (37.9%) in 1-15 aged population that sought @entity341 attention by dental @entity130 in the period of time study. A large proportion of @entity1 with dental @entity130 received delayed first @entity341 care, even 24 h after the accident. Considering the high frequency of @entity130 in 1-15 aged population and the high percentage of delayed @entity341 attention is necessary to develop effective educational campaigns in regard to causes, prevention and @entity341 management of @entity130 , especially in deprived areas. In conclusion, traumatic @entity8495 may be considered as a serious dental public health problem especially in @entity1 of deprived areas.

title: @entity8495 among XXXX and adolescents aged 1-15 years attending to public hospital in Temuco, Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dental injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['subluxation']

entities_list: @entity8495 :: ('MESH:D018677', 'Disease') :: ['dental injuries', 'dental injury']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Unspecific accidental falls']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After studying this article, the @entity1 should be able to: 1. Define the difference between @entity5 and @entity600 . 2. Distinguish between the natural history of @entity2695 and that of @entity1462 . 3. Identify the different types of @entity2695 and @entity1462 and understand evaluation, treatment, and complications. 4. Understand the role of lymphaticovenular anastomoses in the treatment of extremity @entity4269 . BACKGROUND: The International Society for the Study of @entity455 classification, which is the most widely accepted classification system in use, divides @entity455 into @entity5 ( @entity2695 ) and @entity600 . This serves as a guideline for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of these lesions. METHODS: Although @entity2695 tend to have a predictable clinical course over the first year of life, going through proliferating, involuting, and involuted stages, @entity1462 demonstrate growth commensurate with age, often becoming more prominent in puberty. In addition, they never regress, and persist throughout life. RESULTS: Different modalities of treatment may be appropriate for @entity5 and different subsets of @entity1462 . Details are provided in this review. Lymphaticovenular anastomoses provide an excellent addition to our methods of treatment of extremity @entity4269 , and are made possible through development of supermicrosurgical techniques. CONCLUSIONS: @entity455 have a high prevalence in the general population. Thus, it is vital that the plastic surgeon has a good understanding of classification, evaluation, and treatment options. @entity4269 is another common condition that is encountered. Understanding of lymphaticovenular anastomoses and their applications aids treatment planning for select @entity1 .

title: @entity455 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular anomalies', 'Vascular Anomalies', 'vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['inclusive of hemangiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphedema', 'lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report 1-year visual and anatomic outcomes of a prospective, double-masked randomised clinical trial comparing bevacizumab with ranibizumab for the treatment of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). METHODS: @entity1 who met inclusion criteria were randomised 2   :   1 to bevacizumab or ranibizumab. All subjects and investigators (except for the pharmacist responsible for study assignments) were masked to treatment arms. Visual acuity was taken on Early Treatment @entity6 Study chart. @entity1 were given either bevacizumab or ranibizumab every month for the first 3 months, followed by an optical coherence tomography-guided, variable-dosing treatment schedule. Main outcomes measured included visual acuity, foveal thickness, and total number of injections over the 1-year treatment period. RESULTS: In total, 15 @entity1 received bevacizumab and 7 @entity1 received ranibizumab. The average pre-operative visual acuity was 34.9 letters in the bevacizumab group, and 32.7 letters in the ranibizumab group. At 1-year follow-up, mean vision was 42.5 letters in the bevacizumab group, and 39.0 letters in the ranibizumab group. Two-tailed t-test failed to showed statistical significance between the two groups (P=0.5). @entity1 in the bevacizumab group underwent an average of eight injections, whereas @entity1 in the ranibizumab group underwent a mean of four injections (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: The 1-year outcomes of a prospective, double-masked, randomised clinical trial comparing bevacizumab with ranibizumab failed to show a difference in visual and anatomic outcomes between the two treatments for @entity3193 in @entity1020 . Total injections given over the treatment period were significantly different between the two groups. Further studies with larger sample sizes are warranted.

title: Bevacizumab vs ranibizumab for XXXX : 1-year outcomes of a prospective, double-masked randomised clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularisation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['age-related macular degeneration']


abstract: Introduction. @entity146 ( @entity146 ) are defined as a group of symptoms of disturbed perceptive thought content, mood, or behavior that include @entity2146 , @entity308 , apathy, repetitive questioning, @entity716 , @entity146 , sleep problems, and wandering. Care of @entity1 with @entity146 involves pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. We reviewed studies of nonpharmacological interventions published in the last 10 years. Methods. We performed a systematic review in Medline and Embase databases, in the last 10 years, until June 2015. Key words used were (1) non-pharmacological interventions, (2) behavioral symptoms, (3) psychological symptoms, and (4) @entity303 . Results. We included 20 studies published in this period. Among these studies, program activities were more frequent (five studies) and the symptoms more responsive to the interventions were @entity2146 . Discussion. Studies are heterogeneous in many aspects, including size sample, intervention, and instruments of measures. Conclusion. Nonpharmacological interventions are able to provide positive results in reducing symptoms of @entity146 . Most studies have shown that these interventions have important and significant efficacy.

title: Nonpharmacological Interventions to Reduce Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of XXXX : A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'BPSD', 'Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute fulminant @entity2401 (AFM) is a disease category that is easily neglected. Circulatory mechanical support is sometimes required for this devastating condition. We analyzed our experience in managing AFM with mechanical circulatory support. METHODS: We applied extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a first-line rescue for AFM. The diagnosis was mainly derived from clinical results and biopsy. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled in the age range of 29.6    18.6 years and the pediatric group (< 18 years) comprised 32% (n = 24) of our @entity1 group. Thirty-five @entity1 (47%) underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before ECMO. The indication for ECMO included high inotropic support 69% (n = 54) and continuous CPR at ECMO setup 31% (n = 23). The ECMO duration was 171    121 h. Survival to discharge was 64% (n = 48), 61% in adult group, and 70.8% in pediatric group. Six @entity1 were later bridged to ventricular assist device use (5 left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and 1 bi-ventricular assist device (BVAD)) but three died of multiple-organ failure. Three @entity1 (4%) underwent heart transplantation and all of them survived to discharge. Resuscitation did not have a significant factor for survival. Only two @entity1 (3%) developed late mortality due to a @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: AFM still carries high mortality rates in spite of advanced mechanical support. Most of the survivors did not require transplantation and could return to good lifestyle. Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, ECMO can be a first-line tool to rescue this group of @entity1 .

title: Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation support for acute fulminant XXXX : analysis of a single center's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After @entity55 , @entity5 involving the pleura is the leading cause of exudative @entity1143 . Cytologic examination of @entity1143 is an important initial step in management of malignant effusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of uncommon @entity3483 in a @entity764 center in @entity233 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of samples of @entity1143 submitted to Ataturk @entity764 and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital Department of Pathology between March 2005 and November 2008 was performed. RESULTS: Out of a total of 4684 samples reviewed 364 (7.8%) were positive for @entity5 cells. Of the @entity3483 295 (81%) were classified as @entity420 or @entity189 not otherwise specified (NOS). Pleural effusion specimens revealing a diagnosis other than @entity420 / @entity189 NOS were: 32 (8.8%) malignant @entity2615 , 14 (3.8%) @entity4153 , 13 (3.5%) @entity5 and 10 (2.7%) @entity957 . @entity5 included @entity1893 (diffuse B large cell lymphoma, @entity1073 ), @entity1582 , @entity1860 , and @entity3052 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite that @entity420 is the most common cause of @entity3483 , there is a significant number of hematological and non-hematological uncommon causes of such effusions. Cytopathologists and clinicians must keep in mind these uncommon entities in routine practice for an accurate diagnosis.

title: A review of uncommon cytopathologic diagnoses of @entity1143 from a @entity764 center in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Hematolymphoid malignancies', 'hematolymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest Diseases', 'chest disease']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non- Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']