abstract: PURPOSE: To describe timed barium esophagogram (TBE) characteristics in @entity1 with newly diagnosed idiopathic @entity1318 , and to correlate these with clinical and manometric variables. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1318 were examined with TBE. Esophageal emptying was assessed using the height, area, and volume of the barium column. Subjective evaluation was performed according to a standardized protocol in all @entity1 . Objective diagnostic evaluation included manometry. RESULTS: At the 1-min time point after contrast ingestion, the static parameters median height, maximum, and mean width of the barium column were 16.0, 4.4, and 3.3 cm, respectively. Emptying, expressed as volume of barium, showed significant inverse correlation with the resting and the maximal relaxing pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (R = -0.34 and R = -0.54, respectively). There was also an inverse correlation between emptied volume at TBE and the duration of symptoms (R = -0.36), and between barium column width and postprandial @entity662 (R = -0.44). CONCLUSION: All @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1318 presented with delayed emptying of barium the esophagus at TBE. The estimated emptied volume of barium (related to the ingested volume) correlated inversely with the basal tone and the relaxation pressure of the LES. Including estimation of the volume of emptied barium at TBE resulted in closer correlation with manometric values of LES tone than using the parameters traditionally recorded.

title: Characteristics of timed barium esophagogram in newly diagnosed idiopathic XXXX : clinical and manometric correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of percutaneous corticosteroid injection in @entity1 with @entity1127 and to describe its advantages and limitations in this group of @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective case series. SETTING: Tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1127 treated between @entity3490 and December 31, 2007. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous corticosteroid injection performed with the @entity1 under topical anesthesia. Stroboscopic examination was carried out to evaluate the postoperative response. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Grade of the Severity of @entity7364 , Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenicity, and Strain (GRBAS) scale and the Voice Handicap Index were used for subjective assessments. Phonatory results including maximum phonation time, mean flow rate, jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio were also collected for objective evaluations. RESULTS: The surgery was completed smoothly in 22 of the 24 @entity1 , typically within 20 minutes. No complications were noted. The overall response rate by stroboscopy was 91% (20 of 22 @entity1 ) and complete remission rate was 59% (13 of 22). A significant improvement was noted between preoperative and postoperative results on the GRBAS scale (P < .001, P < .001, P = .003, P = .001, and P = .002, respectively, for the 5 measures). Mean Voice Handicap Index (P = .001), maximum phonation time (P = .02), jitter (P = .006), shimmer (P = .001), and noise to harmonic ratio (P = .01) also improved significantly after percutaneous corticosteroid injection. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous corticosteroid injection can be used to manage vocal fold @entity1127 with low invasiveness and minimal morbidity. It offers a simple and cost-effective alternative to traditional direct microlaryngoscopic procedures.

title: Percutaneous corticosteroid injection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['vocal fold polyp', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphonia']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['vocal fold polyp']


abstract: @entity3179 are a major health problem because of the increased costs of the treatment and the refractory nature of the @entity1066 . The treatment cost is estimated to be around 1 billion dollars per year in the United States (US), and the average cost for one @entity1 over a lifetime exceeds dollars 400,000. There has been an increasing trend in the use of growth factors in their management. Genetic engineering has revolutionised the research of wound healing, as the majority of recombinant growth factors are now available for in vitro and in vivo studies. Online searches of Medline, Pub Medical and Embase were carried out using the terms @entity3179 , leg @entity1066 , growth factors and @entity2124 . The literature regarding the potential role of growth factors in the management of leg @entity1066 is reviewed. The important clinical studies are critically analysed with a view to appreciate the emerging therapies and the further research possibilities in the management of @entity3179 . Clinical results with the use of growth factors in non-healing wounds are encouraging. However, small sample sizes and inconsistent end points in different clinical studies have been the main hurdle in reaching a definite conclusion. Further research is needed to provide the definite evidence. Future developments may include different delivery methods for the growth factors, use of different combinations of growth factors administered simultaneously or, sequentially, bioengineered skin grafts and chemical induction of angiogenesis with the use of gene transfer techniques.

title: Advances in the management of leg XXXX --the potential role of growth factors.

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers', 'Venous ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most frequently isolated fungi in @entity1 using TPN belongs to the Candida genus. Various infections including venous @entity1212 , @entity12045 , @entity884 and @entity32269 may be encountered. OBJECTIVE: Upon growth of Candida in the blood cultures from the pediatric (neonatal) unit of our hospital, a surveillance was performed in this unit and involving the health care workers. Clonal relationships of the isolates were investigated with molecular tests. METHODS: Blood samples obtained from the @entity1 in pediatric neonatal unit were studied with automatized blood culture [BacT/Alert (Bio M  rioux, France)]. @entity375 isolates from environmental surveillance cultures (TPN solutions, hands of healthcare personnel,   tag  re, etc) and @entity1 were identified as @entity5132 with conventional methods and ID 32 C and ATB TM Fungus 3 (Biomerieux, France) kits. Clonal similarity was determined by using AP-PCR as initial method and we have also typified all strains by the method of REP-PCR (diversilab system,bioM  rieux). Finally; Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was used for confirmation. RESULTS: @entity5132 was isolated in blood cultures of seven patients. Similar antifungal susceptibility patterns were observed in all isolates. AP-PCR and REP-PCR showed that the @entity5132 isolates grown in the TPN solution and from the @entity1 ' blood cultures were clonally same strains. PFGE analysis further confirmed this clonality. CONCLUSION: According to results of the molecular methods, we thought that a @entity5132 outbreak had occurred in the neonatal pediatric unit, due to contamination of TPN solution.

title: XXXX outbreak associated with total parenteral nutrition in the neonatal unit.

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter infections']

entities_list: @entity32269 :: ('MESH:C535922', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor-associated gene expression in peripheral blood reflects the presence of circulating @entity157 ( @entity157 ) cells and might be associated with aggressive features of @entity157 . We assessed the prognostic significance of @entity160 ( @entity160 ) and @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase protein ( @entity2215 ) mRNA expression in the peripheral blood of @entity157 @entity1 . METHODS: About 343 @entity157 @entity1 , treated at the National @entity5 Center, Korea, were included in this study. We measured @entity160 and @entity2215 mRNA levels in peripheral blood using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The association between the expression of each gene and survival was analyzed. RESULTS: @entity160 and @entity2215 mRNA were detected in 204 (59.5%) and 48 (14.0%) @entity1 with @entity157 , respectively. The mean @entity160 copy number was 203 copies/microL (range 0-19992 copies/microL) and that of @entity2215 was 26 copies/microL (0-1711 copies/microL). @entity160 mRNA expression was correlated with the number of @entity5 (P = 0.05), but there were no significant association between @entity2215 expression and clinical features. There was also no relationship between overall survival and @entity160 (P = 0.08) or @entity2215 (P = 0.67) mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report to evaluate the association between peripheral blood @entity2215 mRNA expression, and survival of @entity157 @entity1 . The results indicate that @entity160 and @entity2215 mRNA expression in peripheral blood may not be useful @entity157 prognostic markers.

title: @entity160 and @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA levels in peripheral blood of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of resistance exercises in @entity309 @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was done using Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases through November 2009 and in abstracts presented at rheumatology scientific meetings over the past 3 years. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing resistance exercise based therapy with interventions without resistance exercise for the treatment of @entity309 @entity1 were included. Outcomes studied were post-intervention disability on the HAQ, functional capacity assessed by walking speed, @entity158 on the visual analogue scale (VAS), joint count, isometric, isokinetic and grip strength. Efficacy was assessed by @entity353 ( @entity353 ) and tolerance was assessed by relative risk (RR). Data were pooled using the inverse of variance model, and heterogeneity was tested. RESULTS: Ten RCTs, including 547 @entity1 , met the study inclusion criteria. The mean (S.D.) Jadad score was 2.3 (0.6). Resistance exercises significantly improved isokinetic strength (WMD   =   23.7%, P   <   0.001), isometric strength (WMD   =   35.8%, P   <   0.001), grip strength (WMD   =   26.4%, P   <   0.001) and HAQ (WMD   =   -0.22, P   <   0.001). Exercise also had a positive impact on the 50-foot walking test (WMD   =   -1.90   s, P   <   0.001) and ESR (WMD   =   -5.17, P   =   0.005). Withdrawals [RR   =   0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.61, 1.48] and adverse events (RR   =   1.08, 95% CI 0.72, 1.63) were well balanced in both groups. @entity1 and exercise characteristics did not influence the results. Subgroup analysis revealed a trend towards higher efficacy associated with high-intensity programmes. CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise in @entity309 is safe, and the improvement in most outcomes was statistically significant and possibly clinically relevant for @entity717 .

title: Efficacy of resistance exercises in XXXX : meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMDs', 'weighted mean differences']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['RA disability']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The main objective of the study was the analysis of types, causes and consequences of @entity542 among @entity1 treated in the Ward for Multi-Organ Injuries during the period 1999-2002. The study aimed at the recognition of the health situation and selected demographic traits of @entity1 who had sustained @entity542 . The authors' research tool - a Scientific-Research Protocol - was applied in the study. The survey covered 265 @entity1 , including 204 males (77.0%) and 61 females (23.0%) hospitalized due to @entity542 ; 90 @entity1 , i.e. 34% of the total population examined, were rural inhabitants 82.2% were males and 17.8% females. Thus, among the population examined the percentage of males was considerably higher than that of females, both in the sub-populations of urban and rural inhabitants. The percentage of @entity1 aged 65 and over was higher among the rural population, compared to urban inhabitants (21.1% and 8.0%, respectively), while the percentage of @entity1 aged under 35 was lower (30.0% and 48.0%, respectively). A significantly higher percentage of @entity1 living in rural areas, compared to urban inhabitants, had an elementary school or elementary vocational education level (77.8% and 46.3%, respectively). The number of @entity1 who were never married was smaller among the rural than urban population (22.2% and 35.4%, respectively), whereas the percentage of those widowed was higher (13.3% and 2.9%, respectively). In the group of @entity1 living in rural areas the percentages of @entity1 maintaining themselves on nonagricultural and agricultural work were similar (27.7% and 25.6%, respectively).

title: Causes and consequences of XXXX among rural population hospitalized in the Ward for Multi-Organ Injuries. I. Demographic and social structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injuries']


abstract: AIMS: Smad signalling is important for inducing the expression of cell cycle inhibitors such as @entity994 / @entity994 , thereby facilitating transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta mediated inhibition of cell growth. The role and clinical implications of Smad signalling in @entity421 remain unclear. METHODS: We assessed the immunohistochemical expression profiles of @entity2536 , P- @entity2536 , @entity1594 , and @entity994 / @entity994 proteins in 34 cases of @entity421 . We also investigated whether the expression of these proteins was correlated with clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: The @entity994 / @entity994 expression showed a significant relationship with @entity5 extension (p = 0.018). @entity1594 expression was significantly correlated with @entity2536 (p = 0.019) and P- @entity2536 (p = 0.006) expression in @entity421 . Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity5 extension (p = 0.0038), @entity2802 stage (p = 0.0096), and @entity994 / @entity994 expression (p = 0.0023) were significantly correlated with overall survival. Cox multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 extension (p = 0.048) and @entity994 / @entity994 expression (p = 0.022) were independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Smad signalling in @entity421 is partially operative. The high @entity994 / @entity994 expression in @entity421 is significantly correlated with @entity5 extension. Our results suggest that overexpression of @entity994 / @entity994 in @entity421 might be one of the poor prognostic factors.

title: Expression of Smad and its signalling cascade in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity6582 on @entity519 induced @entity120 and @entity6980 in @entity35 . METHODS: The healthy female @entity35 were randomly divided into 3 groups: normoxia control group (C group), @entity519 group (H group), @entity519 + different doses of @entity1 recombine hemopoietin ( @entity5301 ) group. All @entity35 in hyoxia groups were exposed to @entity519 , 8 hours every day, for 21 days. The @entity5301 groups were injected sc with different doses of @entity5301 (300 U/kg, 600 U/kg, 900 U/kg, 1200 U/kg) thrice weekly. Blood samples were taken for the measurement of RBC, Hb, Hct, plasma @entity5301 concentration, whole blood/plasma viscosities, the animals were then catheterized to record mean pulmonary arterial pressure ( @entity7215 ) and demised to calculate the ratio [RV/(LV+S)]. Percentage of vascular wall thickness and muscularization of non-muscular pulmonary arteriole were examined microscopically. RESULTS: (1) As the dosage of exogenous @entity5301 increased, blood concentration of @entity5301 increased correspondingly, as RBC, Hb, Hct and whole blood/plasma viscosities increased in various degrees. (2) There was positive correlation between whole blood viscosity and Hct at both high and low shears and linear correlation between @entity7215 and whole blood viscosity at high shear. (3) The degree of @entity120 , reflected by @entity7215 increased in accordance to @entity5301 dosage increment. However, the extent of @entity6980 alleviated somehow as the @entity5301 dose increased and so did right ventricular @entity1184 . CONCLUSION: @entity6582 induced by exogenous @entity5301 increases the blood viscosity and the pulmonary vascular resistance, which contributes to the formation of @entity519 induced @entity120 .

title: [Effect of @entity6582 on @entity519 induced XXXX and @entity6980 in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia', 'Polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the outcome of @entity1 who underwent surgery for recurrent @entity788 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Recurrence of @entity1124 occurs in up to 80% of @entity788 @entity1 within 2 years of a potential curative resection because, in most cases, occult (local and/or distant) micrometastases are present at the time of the initial resection. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 were operated for recurrent @entity788 between October 2001 and April 2005. Median time between the initial resection and recurrence was 12.0 months. While 15 @entity1 were resected, 15 @entity1 either underwent palliative bypass or only exploration. Prospectively recorded data were analyzed retrospectively. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimation and log-rank test. RESULTS: The overall median survival of @entity1 with recurrent disease was 29.0 months. After the first reresection/exploration for recurrent disease, the median survival was 11.4 months. There was a tendency of increased median survival in the group of @entity1 undergoing resection (17.0 months) compared with the bypass/exploration group (9.4 months), although this difference was not significant (P = 0.084). In addition, @entity1 with a prolonged interval (>9 months) from resection to recurrence were more likely to benefit from reresection compared with @entity1 with recurrence within 9 months (median survival 17.0 vs. 7.4 months; P = 0.004). The in-hospital morbidity and mortality rate of resected @entity1 was 20% and 6.7% compared with 13.3% and 0% of @entity1 who underwent only exploration/palliative bypass. CONCLUSION: Resection for recurrent @entity788 can be carried out safely. Further studies are required to address the question whether a subgroup of @entity1 might actually benefit from this procedure.

title: Surgery for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A case-control study was performed to investigate the significance of @entity4288 , @entity281 in the etiology of @entity191 . The study group consisted of all traceable @entity1 with @entity191 living in a defined area, a total of 444 @entity1 , and of control subjects for each @entity1 , matched in sex and age, chosen from among the general population residing in the same area. No significant differences were found between the @entity1 and the controls concerning the occurrence of @entity299 , @entity301 , or @entity64 . The @entity191 @entity1 , however, had a significantly lower incidence of clinical arterial @entity101 when compared with the controls. In addition, the @entity1 more often had low systolic blood pressures and more rarely high pressures than the controls. Even the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the @entity1 than in the controls. The low blood pressure seems to be an effect of @entity191 itself with a minor contribution of levodopa therapy. The observations above are considered to indicate that @entity4288 and @entity191 are probably only concurrent disorders and not in etiological relationship with each other. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of the @entity1 and the controls with relatives with @entity191 or essential @entity400 , which suggests that genetic factors do not have a significant role in @entity191 and on the other hand that essential @entity400 and @entity191 are two separate disease entities. No other @entity198 than a lethargic one was found to precede @entity191 and the occurrence of @entity693 was rare both among the @entity1 and the controls. The history of Spanish @entity683 was found to be as frequent in the @entity1 as in the controls, thus not supporting the idea that @entity683 has etiological importance in @entity191 .

title: XXXX , heredity, and some previous infections in the etiology of @entity191 . A case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonian', "Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['heredity and some infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['Arteriosclerosis']


abstract: The follow up of 92 cases of @entity1 with @entity0 is presented. They were treated initially with surgery, and afterwards with a variety of adjuvant treatments. They were seen from July of 1983 to September of 1990. Of these cases, 35 belonged to premenopausal @entity1 (Table No. 1) and 57 to postmenopausal @entity1 (Table No. 2). Among the premenopausals, 15/35 (60%) had a positive axillary dissection while 14/35 (40%) had a negative one. Among the premenopausal females, 15/21 (71%) had a @entity7279 @entity5 , and 6/21 (28.5%) had a locally advanced, T3 @entity5 . All the premenopausal @entity1 with a positive axilla received postoperative chemotherapy. Of 21 @entity1 , 10/21 (47.6%) recurred. Among the premenopausal females with negative axillary nodes, all 14 had a localized @entity7279 @entity5 . Only 7 of those received adjuvant chemotherapy. Only one of the 5 @entity1 who recurred had received chemotherapy. The 25-30 years old subgroup was particularly interesting. A total of 10 @entity1 (10.8%) (Table No. 3) were seen. (Table No. 3). The results do not seem to indicate this is a subgroup with a specially adverse prognosis. Among the postmenopausal females (Table No. 2), 41/57 (71.9%) had positive axillary nodes while 16/57 (28%) had negative nodes. Of 41 postmenopausal females with positive axillary nodes, 36 (87.8%) had a @entity7279 @entity5 and over 5/41 (12.2%) had a locally advanced @entity5 . Among the postmenopausal females with positive axillary nodes, 31/41 (75.6%) received chemotherapy. Of these, 18 out of 41 (44%) recurred. Of the 16 @entity1 with negative axillary nodes, only one received chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX . Treatment. Personal experience].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the breast']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of @entity5 in American Indians (AI) from the Northern Plains region of the United States. DESIGN: This was a qualitative descriptive study. SETTING: Southeastern Montana. @entity1 : The sample consisted of 10 @entity1 from Northern Plains AI tribes/nations, aged 31-75 years, with both solid and @entity1583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were produced through semi-structured interviews and through the use of the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. RESULTS: @entity1 reported mild-to-moderate @entity158 on a daily basis, and @entity158 negatively interfered with their daily activities and enjoyment of life. The average @entity158 score at the time of interview was 4.2 out of 10. @entity1 described both somatic and @entity9 . @entity1 reported psychosocial distress through feelings of guilt, @entity308 , and isolation related to their @entity5 , and they relied strongly on prayer and traditional medicine in coping with @entity158 . Dominant themes were 'Isolating Within' and 'Making Connections'. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there is very little difference between AI and other cultural groups regarding @entity5 in the description of @entity158 , patterns, and types of @entity158 management. However, this study identified notable differences in the high degree of isolation reported by AI, their desire to endure @entity158 with stoicism, their intense desire to protect their privacy, and their distrust of outsiders. Findings from this study will inform future research on @entity158 and @entity158 interventions in AI @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Understanding the XXXX experience in American Indians of the Northern Plains.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18930 ( @entity18930 ) is a rare disorder of glycogenolysis due to @entity32404 gene mutations, causing @entity2246 and storage of limited dextrin. @entity1 with GSDIIIa show involvement of liver and @entity299 , whereas GSDIIIb @entity1 display only liver symptoms and signs. The International Study on @entity6182 (ISGSDIII) is a descriptive retrospective, international, multi-centre cohort study of diagnosis, genotype, management, clinical course and outcome of 175 @entity1 from 147 families (86  % GSDIIIa; 14  % GSDIIIb), with follow-up into adulthood in 91 @entity1 . In total 58 @entity32404 mutations (non-missense mutations were overrepresented and 21 novel mutations were observed) were identified in 76 families. @entity18930 @entity1 first presented before the age of 1.5  years, @entity382 was the most common presenting clinical sign. Dietary management was very diverse and included frequent meals, uncooked cornstarch and continuous gastric drip feeding. Chronic complications involved the liver (hepatic @entity82 , @entity652 (s), and/or @entity157 in 11  %), heart ( @entity299 and @entity296 , in 58  % and 15  %, respectively, generally presenting in early childhood), and muscle ( @entity158 in 34  %). @entity6 was diagnosed in eight out of 91 adult @entity1 (9  %). In adult @entity1 no significant correlation was detected between (non-) missense @entity32404 genotypes and hepatic, @entity299 . This study demonstrates heterogeneity in a large cohort of ageing @entity18930 @entity1 . An international @entity24575 @entity1 registry is warranted to prospectively define the clinical course, heterogeneity and the effect of different dietary interventions in @entity1 with @entity18930 .

title: XXXX : diagnosis, genotype, management, clinical course and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6182 :: ('MESH:D006008', 'Disease') :: ['Glycogen Storage Disease']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity18930 :: ('MESH:D006010', 'Disease') :: ['GSDIII', 'Glycogen storage disease type III']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement', 'cardiac or muscular complications', 'cardiac/skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen debranching enzyme deficiency']

answer: @entity18930 :: (MESH:D006010,Disease) :: ['Glycogen storage disease type III']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of speech therapy for relief of post-tonsillectomy @entity158 in @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 who underwent tonsillectomy and were randomly divided into three groups were analyzed in this study. Groups I and II received medical and speech therapy including two different phonemes group, and Group III received only medical therapy. For Group I (20 @entity1 ) soft palate phonemes and for Group II (20 @entity1 ) lips and gingival phonemes were used. The @entity1 who received medical treatment without speech therapy were used as the control group. @entity282 levels were recorded with our standard visual analog scale (VAS) forms for each @entity1 during the postoperative 10 days. The @entity158 score of the @entity1 were compared statistically among the three different groups. RESULTS: The @entity282 score was lower in Group I as compared to Group II (p=0.001) and III (p=0.045), and it was statistically significant. There was no significant difference regarding @entity282 scores between Group II and Group III @entity1 (p=0.356). CONCLUSION: Speech therapy may cause to strengthen the soft palate muscles and alleviate constant post-tonsillectomy @entity158 . This therapy may be used as a complementary treatment with standard analgesics.

title: Is speech therapy useful as a complementary treatment for post-tonsillectomy XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pancreas is an increasingly recognized site of @entity1358 metastases. It is important to determine the optimal MDCT protocol to best detect RCC metastases to the pancreas. PURPOSE: To compare the rate of detection of @entity1358 metastases to the pancreas between arterial and portal venous phase MDCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of CTs of the abdomen yielded six @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 . Five of six @entity1 had pathologically proven clear cell RCC. Two blinded reviewers independently reported the number of @entity660 seen in arterial and venous phases. Each lesion was graded as definite or possible. The number of lesions was determined by consensus review of both phases. Attenuation values were obtained for metastatic lesions and adjacent normal pancreas in both phases. RESULTS: There were a total of 24 metastatic lesions to the pancreas. Reviewer 1 identified 20/24 (83.3%) lesions on the arterial phase images and 13/24 (54.2%) lesions on the venous phase. Seventeen of 20 (85.0%) arterial lesions were deemed definite and 9/13 (69.2%) @entity455 were definite. Reviewer 2 identified 19/24 (79.2%) lesions on the arterial phase and 14/24 (58.3%) on the venous phase. Seventeen of 19 (89.5%) arterial lesions were definite and 7/14 (50%) @entity455 were definite. Mean attenuation differential between lesion and pancreas was 114 HU and 39 HU for arterial and venous phases, respectively (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Detection of RCC metastases to the pancreas at MDCT is improved using arterial phase imaging compared to portal venous phase imaging.

title: XXXX metastases to the pancreas: value of arterial phase imaging at MDCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['RCC to the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['venous lesions']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: School @entity1635 screening has been carried out around the world. The screen program has never been performed on Chongming Island, the third largest island in China and characterized less population exchange with the rest of China. This study was designed to examine scoliotic parameters in @entity1 from Chongming Island and determine whether the parameters differed from those of the published data. METHODS: A total of 6824 @entity1 (3477 @entity1 and 3347 @entity1 ) aged from 6 to 17 were recruited. The screen included Adam's test and scoliometer measurements. Posteroanterior radiographic evaluation was performed if trunk rotation was 5   or more. RESULTS: One hundred seventy two were confirmed with Cobb angle of 10   or more; the prevalence was 2.52  %, higher in @entity1 (3.11  %) than in @entity1 (1.96  %) (p   <   0.05). There was a weak positive correlation between prevalence and age. Majority curves were minor (from 10 to 19  ). The most common thoracic curve was right curve (60.3  % of all thoracic curves), while the most common thoracolumbar (75.5  %) and lumbar curves (64.7  %) were left curves. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1635 on Chongming Island was 2.52  %. This study indicates that epidemiology of @entity1635 has regional variation, and genetic differences may contribute such difference.

title: @entity1635 epidemiology is not similar all over the world: a study from a XXXX school screening on Chongming Island (China).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: Grilled ground beef contains factors that inhibit the initiation of @entity19 epidermal carcinogenesis by @entity3653 . Previously we isolated an active principal and characterized it as an isomeric mixture of conjugated dienoic derivatives of @entity4722 ( @entity26523 ). We now show that synthetic @entity26523 inhibits the initiation of @entity19 @entity105 by @entity3014 . Four and 2 days prior to p.o. treatment with @entity3014 , female ICR @entity19 were given (a) @entity26523 in olive oil, (b) @entity4722 in olive oil, or ( @entity4135 oil alone or plus 0.85% saline (control groups). Three days later the cycle was repeated for a total of 4 times. At 30 wk of age, the @entity19 were sacrificed. In three independent experiments, @entity19 treated with @entity26523 developed only about half as many @entity5 /animal as @entity19 in the control groups (P less than 0.025); in two of the experiments @entity5 incidence was also reduced (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in food intake or body weight among the groups. High-performance liquid chromatography/gas chromatography analysis established that, following intubation, only the @entity22848 , t-11 @entity26523 isomer was incorporated into forestomach phospholipids. In studies aimed at elucidating the mechanism of action, we found that @entity26523 is an effective antioxidant. Under the conditions of the test @entity26523 was more potent than @entity1881 and almost as effective as @entity1882 . These observations indicate that @entity26523 might serve as an in situ defense mechanism against membrane attack by free radicals and may, at least in part, explain the anticarcinogenic properties of @entity26523 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX -induced @entity19 @entity5 by conjugated dienoic derivatives of @entity4722 .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity1882 :: ('MESH:D002084', 'Chemical') :: ['butylated hydroxytoluene']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['forestomach tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the long-term (range, 2-69 months) arthroscopic appearance of intraarticular structures of the stifle after @entity4957 ( @entity4957 ). STUDY DESIGN: Case series. ANIMALS: @entity235 (n=63) that had repeat arthroscopic examination of the stifle after @entity4957 for treatment of a @entity129 ( @entity129 ) deficient stifle. METHODS: Medical records (2002-2008) of @entity235 that had repeat arthroscopic examination to evaluate intraarticular structures after previous @entity4957 for treatment of @entity128 . Regions of interest were the @entity129 , caudal cruciate ligament, articular cartilage, and menisci. Signalment, weight, and time to 2nd look arthroscopy were recorded. Radiographs were reviewed to measure pre- and postoperative tibial plateau angle, and craniocaudal limb alignment. RESULTS: There were 17 partial @entity129 tears with early fiber tearing and 46 stifles with a complete @entity129 tear or incompetent partial @entity129 tear. Stifles with an early partial tear had normal to near normal appearance of intraarticular structures. Most @entity235 with a complete or incompetent partial @entity129 tear had axial or abaxial grades 3 or 4 articular cartilage abrasion of the medial or lateral femoral condyle. CONCLUSION: Intraarticular structures appeared normal or near normal in @entity235 with early fiber tearing (caudolateral or craniomedial fibers). Most @entity235 that had a partial tear with an incompetent remaining @entity129 or a completely ruptured @entity129 had grades 3 or 4 articular cartilage abrasion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Early diagnosis of a @entity128 and treatment by @entity4957 may be protective against further @entity129 disruption lending stability to the joint and decreasing the incidence of @entity130 and articular cartilage damage.

title: Second look arthroscopic findings after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial cruciate ligament', 'CCL']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['CCL injury']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['tibial plateau leveling osteotomy', 'TPLO']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal injury']

answer: @entity4957 :: (MESH:D020429,Disease) :: ['tibial plateau leveling osteotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of @entity0 screening leads to early detection and is believed to reduce mortality and increase the proportion of @entity1 for whom breast-conserving surgery is possible. METHODS: In 1992, a population-based mammographic screening program was introduced in the Dutch city of Tilburg and its surroundings; the program achieved total coverage in 1996. The authors examined the effects of this screening program by investigating disease stage, treatment, and survival among @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 at a teaching hospital in Tilburg during the periods 1985-1991 and 1992-1999. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1999, 1400 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 . Among @entity1 ages 50-69 years, the proportion of @entity2802 Stage I @entity0 increased from 24% in 1985-1991 to 45% in 1992-1999 (P<0.001). The proportion of @entity1 age <50 years with invasive @entity0 who underwent breast-conserving surgery decreased from 45% to 33% (P=0.011). Among @entity1 ages 50-69 years, the overall survival rate during the period from 1992 to 1999 was significantly greater than the corresponding rate during the period from 1985 to 1991 (P=0.0009). Even after adjustments were made for @entity5 stage and @entity1 age, a slight reduction in mortality risk was observed in this age group. No difference in stage distribution or prognosis was found among @entity1 age <50 years or among @entity1 age > or =70 years. Of the 168 invasive @entity5 found in @entity1 ages 50-69 years between 1997 and 1999, 68 (40%) were detected by the screening program, 47 (28%) were @entity5 , and 53 (32%) were detected in nonparticipants or in @entity1 who did not participate in 1 or more screening rounds. @entity1 with screen-detected @entity5 had a much more favorable prognosis than did @entity1 with @entity5 (P=0.0018) or @entity1 with clinically detected @entity0 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Between 1992 and 1999, after the introduction of @entity0 screening, improved prognosis and more favorable @entity5 stage were observed among @entity1 ages 50-69 years. Even after the screening program was fully implemented in 1996, the majority of invasive @entity5 still were detected between screening rounds or in @entity1 who did not participate in the program.

title: XXXX diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis before and after the introduction of mass mammographic screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'interval malignancies', 'tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity794 (SA) and @entity796 (PA) are frequent causes of @entity1036 , an inflammatory process that can lead to @entity1018 . We used a @entity1 corneal epithelial (HCE) cell line to study the Th17 inflammatory pathway, including @entity650 , @entity4155 , and associated receptors, in response to stimulation by SA and PA culture supernatants. METHODS: Cells of the HCE cell line were exposed to either SA or PA supernatants in dilutions of 1:100 or 1:50, or to @entity1 recombinant @entity4155 (20 ng/ml). Cell culture supernatants were collected at 6, 24, and 72 h, and protein and RNA were isolated. Expression of cytokine ( @entity650 , @entity4155 ), receptor (sIL-6R, @entity29716 ), and mediator (soluble glycoprotein [sgp] 130, @entity16365 ) proteins and mRNAs were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time, reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. In addition, @entity29716 was localized by transmission electron microscopy after immunogold labeling. RESULTS: Basal secretion of @entity650 and @entity4155 by HCE cells occurred in a time-dependent manner. Expression of @entity650 was significantly enhanced by SA stimulation, but not by PA stimulation. @entity650 mRNA expression was higher in the control and SA-stimulated cells at 6 and 24 h, but not at 72 h. In the PA-stimulated cells, mRNA levels were significantly lower than the controls at 6 and 24 h. Expression of sIL-6R was not altered by SA or PA supernatants, but @entity22415 expression was greater than controls at 6 h, less than controls at 24 h, and the same as controls at 72 h. HCE cells secreted @entity4155 in a time-dependent manner that was not altered by stimulation; however, the @entity4155 mRNA levels were lower than those of the controls at 6 h. With immunohistochemistry, @entity29716 was localized in perinuclear vesicles and in the cytosol and membranes of HCE cells. @entity29716 was also present in the epithelial cells from @entity1 ocular surface tissues. As quantified with western blotting, expression of @entity29716 was unchanged in HCE cells stimulated by SA or PA supernatants. CONCLUSIONS: HCE cells react to bacterial @entity32 by enhancing the secretion of @entity650 and by regulating the proinflammatory response with differential secretion of @entity22415 . Under normal conditions, HCE cells and ocular surface tissues express @entity29716 . Additionally, HCE cells express @entity29716 after bacterial stimulation. All of these molecules are involved in the Th17 differentiation pathway, suggesting that corneal epithelial cells may act as indirect @entity1 in the Th17 signaling pathway.

title: Involvement of corneal epithelial cells in the Th17 response in an in vitro bacterial XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data indicate comparable efficacy and safety for @entity4677 (LEV) when compared with @entity3174 ( @entity29597 ) for prophylaxis of early @entity410 after @entity131 . The purpose of this study was to conduct a cost-minimization analysis, from the perspective of both the acute care institution (cost) and @entity1 (charges), comparing these two strategies. METHODS: A decision tree was constructed to include baseline event probabilities obtained from detailed literature review, costs, and charges. Monte Carlo simulation was used to derive the mean costs and charges per @entity1 treated with the LEV when compared with the @entity29597 strategy. Adverse event probabilities, costs, charges, and frequency of laboratory determination for the @entity29597 group were varied in sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Literature review indicated equal efficacy of @entity29597 versus LEV for early @entity410 prevention. The @entity29597 strategy was superior to the LEV strategy from both the institutional (mean cost per @entity1  151.24 vs.  411.85, respectively) and @entity1 (mean charge per @entity1  2,302.58 vs.  3,498.40, respectively) perspectives. Varying both baseline adverse event probabilities and frequency of laboratory testing did not alter the superiority of the @entity29597 strategy. LEV replaced @entity29597 as the dominant strategy only when the cost/charge of treating @entity1032 was increased markedly above baseline. CONCLUSIONS: From both institutional and @entity1 perspectives, @entity29597 is less expensive than LEV for routine pharmacoprophylaxis of early @entity410 among @entity131 @entity1 . Pending compelling efficacy data, LEV should not replace @entity29597 as a first-line agent for this indication.

title: A cost-minimization analysis of @entity3174 versus levetiracetam for early XXXX pharmacoprophylaxis after @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental status deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The composition of @entity731 affects the likelihood of an atherothrombotic event, but prospective studies relating risk factors to carotid wall and plaque characteristics measured by MRI are lacking. We hypothesized that traditional risk factors are predictors of carotid wall and plaque characteristics measured 2 decades later. METHODS AND RESULTS: A high-resolution contrast-enhanced MRI examination of the carotid artery was performed in 1769 @entity1 . Measures of carotid wall volume and maximum thickness; lipid core presence, volume and maximum area; and fibrous cap thickness were performed centrally. The sample was, on average, 70 years of age, 57% female, 81% white, and 19% black. Greater age, total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , male sex, white race, @entity6 , @entity101 , and smoking as measured at baseline were all significant predictors of increased wall volume and maximum wall thickness 18 years later. An analysis of lipid core was restricted to the 1180 @entity1 with maximum wall thickness >/=1.5 mm. Lipid core was observed in 569 individuals (weighted percentage, 42%). Baseline age and total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 were predictors of presence of lipid core 18 years later; however, these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for wall thickness. Concurrently measured low-density lipoprotein @entity165 was associated with greater lipid core volume, independent of wall thickness. Concurrently measured @entity413 and body mass index were inversely associated fibrous cap thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional @entity731 risk factors are related to increased wall volume and wall thickness 2 decades later, but they do not discriminate characteristics of plaque composition (core and cap) independent of wall size.

title: Correlates of carotid plaque presence and composition as measured by MRI: the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ) treadmill exercise could potentially improve the cardiopulmonary fitness of those with an incomplete @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Despite this, methods for estimating key cardiopulmonary performance parameters have not been investigated. We investigated whether new exercise test protocols for @entity1053 treadmill exercise in incomplete @entity1566 enable accurate determination of key cardiopulmonary performance parameters and examined how these parameters change with training. Two subjects with incomplete @entity1566 carried out 20 weeks of @entity1053 treadmill training (BWSTT). They performed an incremental exercise test (IET) and constant load step exercise test (SET) at baseline and 4-week intervals. After training, peak work rate had increased from 1.41 to 9.37 W in subject A and from 6.22 to 43.99 W in subject B. Peak @entity26 uptake changed in subject A from 8.23 to 10.19 ml.kg-1. @entity1009 and from 13.84 to 13.91 ml.kg-1. @entity1009 in subject B. Dynamic O2 cost decreased from 115 to 29.03 ml. @entity1009 .W-1 (subject A) and from 66.57 to 4.52 ml. @entity1009 . W-1 (subject B). Gas exchange thresholds could not be identified from the IETs. VO2 kinetics could be identified during only 2 of subject B's SETs. Accurate estimation of key cardiopulmonary performance parameters was limited. The new protocols have the potential to characterise cardiopulmonary status and monitor adaptations to training interventions, but require testing with a larger subject cohort.

title: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing during body weight supported treadmill exercise in incomplete XXXX : a feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Body weight supported', 'BWS']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Recent studies on the animal model suggest that astrocytes may be a primary target for @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) @entity137 . To establish whether the astroglial alterations are due to a direct toxic effect of the drug, we studied the morphologic alterations, mitotic index, viability and growth rate of astrocytes in primary culture after exposure to varying concentrations of @entity1500 in the absence or presence of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ). Dense bodies and cellular debris were noted by light and electron microscopy, and became more prominent with increasing doses and greater frequency of treatment. Degenerating cells and areas of @entity39 were seen at higher concentrations. These changes became less conspicuous when @entity1500 was given concurrently with @entity5393 . Large reactive-like astrocytes were also seen after @entity1500 administration both in the absence or presence of @entity5393 . Mitotic rate inhibition was noted at all concentrations but was not dose-related. Cell viability was reduced and remained low up to 48 h after withdrawal of @entity1500 and correlated well with drug concentration, although growth rate did not vary significantly from the control. Our findings show that pure populations of astrocytes can be adversely affected by @entity1500 especially in the absence of @entity32213 , while also causing reactive-like changes in some cells. This report provides further evidence that astrocytes may be a primary target for @entity1500 @entity137 and suggests that the @entity5219 seen in @entity1500 @entity75 may in part be related to @entity1500 -induced @entity130 .

title: Effects of XXXX on astrocytes in primary culture: light and electron microscopic studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic injury']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dBcAMP', 'dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with YMDD mutation in @entity1 with @entity6194 before and after @entity16332 treatment in Zunyi region. METHODS: 53 @entity1 with @entity6194 were enrolled in this study, @entity97 DNA, @entity97 markers, ALT, AST, TBil, albumin in the serum were examined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after @entity16332 treatment. @entity97 genotype and YMDD mutation were determined by sequencing before @entity16332 treatment. YMDD mutation was checked again if serum HBV DNA rebound to more than 1 x 10(4) copies/ml after the initial decrease. RESULTS: @entity97 genotype in Zunyi region is constitute of B, C and B+C genotype. YMDD mutation occurred in 18 cases after @entity16332 treatment, the rate of YMDD mutation was 15.1%, and 34.0% after 1 year and 2 years treatment. There are four types of mutation: rt @entity29900 / @entity29901 , rt @entity29900 / @entity32987 , rt @entity32987 , rt @entity29900 . rt @entity29901 mutation in C gene was always accompanied by rt @entity29900 mutation (100%). The rate of rt @entity29900 / @entity29901 mutation in genotype C group was significantly higher than that in genotype B group (77.8% to 25.0%), the same was true for the rt @entity29900 / @entity32987 mutation (22.2% to 12.5%). There was no point mutation in genotype C group. The point mutation of rt @entity32987 and rt @entity29900 appeared only in genotype B group. Gender, nation, family history of @entity1956 and HBeAg were not associated with YMDD mutation (P more than 0.05), while the mutation rate was associated with the disease course and severity of disease. YMDD mutation did not occur in @entity1 with low @entity97 DNA level (less than 10(5) copies/ml). CONCLUSION: YMDD mutation after @entity16332 therapy is associated with @entity97 genotype and P gene mutation type, and prolonged treatment increases the the mutation rate. In order to reduce the incidence of YMDD mutation, @entity1 with @entity66 , lower @entity97 DNA level, more serious @entity409 should be treated with @entity16332 .

title: [Identification of factors associated with YMDD mutation in XXXX with @entity6194 receiving @entity16332 treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease course']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity6 has been inconsistently associated with increased risk of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) and there is little direct evidence on the associations of glycemia levels with @entity1211 . We used data from the @entity731 Risk in Communities study to test the hypothesis that glycemia, as measured by hemoglobin A1c (A1c), is positively associated with @entity1211 . @entity1 aged 45-64 years (n = 12,298) had A1c measured in 1990 and were followed for incident @entity1211 (n = 345) through 2005. Because A1c is affected by @entity6 treatment, analyses were stratified by history of diagnosed @entity6 . Owing to evidence of non-linearity, we categorized A1c according to clinical cut-points: <5.7, 5.7-6.4, and >=  6.5% in those with no diagnosed @entity6 ; <7.0 and >=  7.0% in those with diagnosed @entity6 . After adjustment for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (95% CIs) for @entity1211 across increasing A1c categories were 1 (referent), 1.02 (0.77, 1.35) and 0.72 (0.41, 1.29) for those without diagnosed @entity6 , and 1.30 (0.77, 2.17) and 1.41 (0.95, 2.09) for those with diagnosed @entity6 . To explore the relation, we employed various models to adjust for potential confounding variables and modeled A1c as tertiles. We consistently found elevated hazard ratios in those with diagnosed @entity6 , though the association was not statistically significant in every model. Hazard ratios in those without diagnosed @entity6 were close to 1. In conclusion, our results are mildly suggestive that diagnosed @entity6 and high levels of @entity413 , per se, may increase the risk of @entity1211 . Elevated @entity413 was not related to @entity1211 in those without diagnosed @entity6 .

title: Glycemia (hemoglobin A1c) and incident @entity1211 in the XXXX Risk in Communities cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare macular pigment in three types of macular @entity8721 (MacTel). METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 16 @entity1 (mean age, 62 years) with MacTel were examined. The @entity2118 ( @entity2118 ) was obtained by autofluorescence spectrometry using two wavelengths (488 nm, 514 nm). The density of the central macular pigment within 0.5 degree around the foveal center (MPODc) was measured from a @entity2118 map. RESULTS: Eight eyes of seven @entity1 were classified as type 1, 16 eyes of eight @entity1 as type 2, and two eyes of one @entity1 as type 3. The macular pigment signal was seen in the area of @entity941 leakage in type 1 and the occlusive area in type 3; the macular pigment signal decreased in the area of @entity941 leakage in type 2. The mean MPODc (   standard deviation) was 0.40    0.16 density unit (DU) (range, 0.17-0.57) in type 1; -0.08    0.15 DU (range, -0.29-0.25) in type 2; and 0.32    0.08 DU (range, 0.26-0.37) in type 3. Significant differences were seen between types 1 and 2 (P < 0.001) and types 2 and 3 (P = 0.007). There was no significant difference between types 1 and 3 (P = 0.765). In 30 age-matched normal eyes, the MPODc was 0.58    0.11 DU (range, 0.38-0.79). There were significant differences between normal eyes and each MacTel subtype (type 1, P = 0.007; type 2, P < 0.001; type 3, P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The macular pigment values and distributions, including leakage or occlusion, differed in each MacTel type compared with @entity941 angiography findings. The capillary occlusion in type 3 is not associated with reduced @entity2118 .

title: Comparison of macular pigment in three types of macular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['MPOD', 'macular pigment optical density']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity8721 :: (MESH:D013684,Disease) :: ['telangiectasia']


abstract: The analgesic effect of bilateral ilioinguinal nerve blockade with or without @entity1425 after caesarean section with Pfannenstiel incision was investigated in 36 ASA class 1-2 parturients. They were randomly classified into 3 groups of 12 each. Before the @entity1 were extubated from standard general anesthesia, bilateral ilioinguinal nerve blockade was performed. Group A @entity1 were the control group. Group B @entity1 received 0.375% plain marcaine 10 mL to each side. Group C @entity1 received 0.375% plain marcaine with 1:200000 @entity1425 10 mL to each side. The @entity158 scores and requirement for post operative @entity1337 of group B and C were compared with the control group A. The @entity158 scores of group B and C were decreased 30% and 37% respectively during the first eight hours after operation. However, group C @entity1 had lower @entity158 scores during the first day after operation. There was an increased time from anesthesia to the first injection of @entity6882 in group B and C when compared with group A (4.57 +/- 2.94, 4.38 +/- 2.72 and 1.8 +/- 0.9 hr, respectively). However, no significant difference between group B and C. The total @entity6882 requirement were decreased in group B and C although the mean @entity6882 dose was not statistically significant. The results suggest that bilateral ilioinguinal nerve blockade improve the quality of postoperative @entity1337 . The adding @entity1425 can prolong the duration of nerve blockade.

title: [Ilioinguinal nerve blockade with or without XXXX for @entity1337 after caesarean section].

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: CONTEXT: Despite lifelong @entity134 hormone replacement, there is excess morbidity and mortality associated with autoimmune @entity5343 . In health, adrenocortical cells undergo continuous self-renewal from a population of subcapsular progenitor cells, under the influence of ACTH, suggesting a therapeutic possibility. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether @entity5304 (synthetic ACTH1-24) could revive adrenal steroidogenic function in autoimmune @entity5343 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Thirteen @entity1 (aged 16-65 y) with established autoimmune @entity5343 for more than 1 year were recruited at the Newcastle University Clinical Research Facility. INTERVENTION: The intervention included a 20-week study of regular sc @entity5304 (ACTH1-24) therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum and urine corticosteroids were measured during medication withdrawal at baseline and every 5 weeks during the study. RESULTS: Serum @entity701 levels remained less than 100 nmol/L in 11 of 13 @entity1 throughout the study. However, two @entity1 achieved peak serum @entity701 concentrations greater than 400 nmol/L after 10 and 29 weeks of @entity5304 therapy, respectively, allowing withdrawal of corticosteroid replacement. Concurrently, urine glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolite excretion increased from subnormal to above the median of healthy controls. One of these responders remains well with improving peak serum @entity701 (672 nmol/L) 28 months after stopping all treatments. The other responder showed a gradual reduction in serum @entity701 and @entity1369 over time, and @entity134 therapy was recommenced after a 28-week period without glucocorticoid replacement. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to demonstrate that established autoimmune @entity5343 is amenable to a regenerative medicine therapy approach.

title: Residual adrenal function in autoimmune @entity5343 : improvement after XXXX (ACTH1-24) treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5304 :: ('MESH:D003366', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracosactide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity5304 :: (MESH:D003366,Chemical) :: ['tetracosactide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify changes in the refractive power of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) so as to optimize the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. METHODS: This study included 28 eyes of 21 @entity1 (age 66.6    9.4 years, 11 female, 10 male). Scheimpflug-based Oculus Pentacam imaging was performed before and after DMEK surgery for @entity13189 . Corneal power was measured using the K-value of simulated keratometry (SimK) of Pentacam and total corneal refractive power (TCRP) in corneal zones from 1 to 8 mm (SimK 1-8, @entity35979 -8). We also analyzed changes in the keratometric power deviation (KPD) and pachymetry. RESULTS: Changes in the SimK in the central @entity267 were minimal and not significant (SimK 3: before = 43.24    1.33 D; after = 43.01    1.37 D; P = 0.101) but they decreased significantly in the corneal periphery (SimK 4: P = 0.021; SimK 5: P = 0.004; SimK 6: P = 0.002; SimK 7: P = 0.002; SimK 8: P = 0.008). Postoperative TCRP in the central @entity267 decreased significantly compared with preoperative values (TCRP 3: before = 43.05    1.44 D; after = 41.94    1.34 D; P < 0.001); [TCRP 4: before = 43.16    1.40 (D); after = 41.99    1.27 (D); P < 0.001]. The keratometric power deviation increased significantly after DMEK (before = 0.74    0.45 D; after = 1.40    0.26 D; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: DMEK surgery induced a significant change in the refractive power of the posterior surface of the @entity267 and thus a decrease in the TCRP of about 1 D, whereas the SimK, which measures only the anterior @entity267 , remained nearly unchanged. To avoid a hyperopic surprise, it is essential that this TCRP decrease is not overlooked in intraocular lens power calculations.

title: Changes in Corneal Refractive Power for XXXX With Fuchs Endothelial Dystrophy After DMEK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13189 :: ('MESH:D005642', 'Disease') :: ['Fuchs endothelial dystrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The timing of the surgical intervention for active @entity884 ( @entity884 ) is particularly difficult when there is a cerebrovascular complication. The study aim was to investigate the results of surgical treatment for active @entity884 in @entity1 with recent cerebrovascular events, and to evaluate the relationship between the size of @entity385 and timing of the surgical intervention. METHODS: Between January 1991 and April 2009, the details of 21 @entity1 with @entity532 before surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Types of complication included @entity385 (n = 13), @entity385 (n = 4), and @entity1779 (n = 4). The surgical treatment was single valve surgery (n = 14), multiple valve surgery (n = 3), and modified Bentall surgery (n = 4). The mean interval between onset of the cerebrovascular event and surgical intervention was 27.0 +/- 18.8 days. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 underwent surgery within two weeks; among these @entity1 , seven had a small @entity385 (< or = 15 mm diameter) and one @entity1 had a @entity1779 . Postoperative exacerbation of cerebral complications was not observed among the eight @entity1 treated within two weeks. The interval between onset of the cerebral event and cardiac surgery was significantly shorter in @entity1 with a small @entity1188 (18 days) than with a large @entity1188 (38 days) (p < 0.05). None of the @entity1 with a small @entity1188 had postoperative exacerbation of their cerebral complication, even with a significantly shorter interval. However, @entity86 into the @entity1188 area was observed in one @entity1 with a large @entity1188 . CONCLUSION: The study results showed that @entity884 @entity1 with a small non-hemorrhagic @entity385 may safely undergo cardiac surgery, even within two weeks of the onset of a cerebrovascular event.

title: Considerations in timing of surgical intervention for XXXX with @entity532 .

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: A 49-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital for further examination of abnormal lung shadows in September 1984. She had suffered from @entity55 at the age of 3 years and had been treated for @entity565 until the age of 15. Many thin-wall cystic shadows were seen on her chest X-ray film in 1983. In July 1984, a mass-like lesion with a meniscus sign appeared in one of the cystic shadows. The number and the size of similar lesions increased with worsening of productive cough. An infiltrative shadow was recognized in the left lower lobe in September 1987 and January 1988, but was resolved by treatment by @entity800 . Frequent bacterial examinations of sputum and bronchial secretions revealed numerous @entity796 but no fungi. Serum antibody to @entity54 was negative and antifungal therapy was not effective. Bronchography showed many cystic dilated bronchi, which ballooned during inspiration and collapsed with expiration. The peripheral bronchi seemed to be normal. These findings along with her clinical course led us to make a diagnosis of @entity10485 . The mass-like shadows were considered to have arisen from viscid secretions that were rendered round by the characteristic movement of the ectatic bronchi.

title: [ XXXX complicated by multiple meniscus signs in an adult case; is it a characteristic finding?].

entities_list: @entity10485 :: ('MESH:D055089', 'Disease') :: ['Williams-Campbell syndrome']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity10485 :: (MESH:D055089,Disease) :: ['Williams-Campbell syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Cervical involvement due to @entity3377 is quite rare. Although surgery usually is not necessary in @entity3377 , most of the @entity1 with cervical involvement require surgical treatment because of the high rate of @entity16 and @entity1745 . PURPOSE: To present a unique case with cervical @entity7181 and to discuss the treatment alternatives of this disease. STUDY DESIGN: A case report. METHODS: A 61-year-old @entity1 with @entity1745 due to cervical @entity3377 was reported. He was treated by triplet antibiotherapy for 24 weeks. On magnetic resonance imaging, @entity1745 caused by epidural abscess and granulation tissue, and prevertebral abscess were seen. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, there were no complaints, neurological findings, or positive infection markers. There was not epidural compression on control magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery may not be required in all cervical @entity3377 cases with epidural compression and @entity16 . Conservative treatment with close observation may be sufficient in these @entity1 who are usually older @entity1 .

title: Cervical XXXX causing @entity7181 and @entity1745 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['spinal brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological involvement']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'spinal cord compression syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['spinal brucellosis with epidural and paravertebral abscesses']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['spinal brucellosis']


abstract: Objective. The aim of this overview was to summarize the outcome measures of @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) for the treatment of @entity101 based on available systematic reviews (SRs), so as to evaluate the potential benefits and advantages of @entity1058 on @entity101 . Methods. Literature searches were conducted in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and 4 databases in Chinese. SRs of @entity1058 for @entity101 were included. Two independent reviewers (J. Wang and X. J. Xiong) extracted the data. Results. 10 SRs were included. 2 SRs had primary endpoints, while others focused on secondary endpoints to evaluate @entity1058 for @entity101 such as blood pressure (BP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome. 6 SRs have reported the adverse effects, whereas the other 4 SRs have not mentioned it at all. Many @entity1058 appeared to have significant effect on improving BP, @entity1058 , and so on. However, most SRs failed to make a definite conclusion for the effectiveness of @entity1058 for @entity101 due to poor evidence. Conclusion. Primary endpoints have not been widely used currently. The benefits of @entity1058 for @entity101 need to be confirmed in the future with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of more persuasive primary endpoints and high-quality SRs.

title: Outcome measures of chinese herbal medicine for XXXX : an overview of systematic reviews.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['TCM syndrome', 'CHM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gaining a higher response rate (RR) has usually been determined as a primary end point in phase II trials evaluating the efficacy of new molecular targeted drugs. However, a relationship between clinical response and survival benefit has not been well studied in the @entity1 treated with molecular targeted agents. METHODS: Prospective trials of epidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs) monotherapy in @entity1149 were extracted from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the annual meetings in 2007 of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, @entity5 Conference, and World Conference on Lung Cancer. Correlation between clinical response and survival was examined using linear regression analysis. We also tried to compare the significance of RR as surrogate markers for survival with that of disease control rate (DCR) by calculating the area under their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: We identified 24 phase II trials and 4 phase III trials with a total of 6171 @entity1 and 30 treatment arms, including 22 arms for the @entity4562 group and 8 arms for the @entity3866 group. Both RR and DCR strongly correlated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003, respectively). In an ROC analysis, the area under the ROC curve predicting @entity1162 by RR was 0.918, which was higher than the area under the ROC curve by DCR. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant relationship between RR and @entity1349 in clinical trials with @entity470 -TKIs. RR could be an independent surrogate marker for @entity1349 in the current response criteria in the clinical trials of @entity470 -TKIs.

title: Response rate is associated with prolonged survival in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 treated with XXXX or @entity3866 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['European Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['MST prolongation']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: Six @entity1 with either recurrent (n = 4) or unresectable (n = 2) @entity957 of the @entity17904 (n = 5) and urethra (n = 1) received chemotherapy with @entity900 intravenously at a dose of 100 mg/m2. This was followed 24 hours later by a continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) at a dose of 960 mg/m2/d for five days every 3 to 4 weeks. There was universal alopecia. The other @entity137 were mild and consisted of @entity33 , @entity390 , @entity391 , reversible creatininemia, and transient @entity2629 . After chemotherapy, five @entity1 had a clinical partial response and one had a complete response. Of the five @entity1 with no metastases, three had residual unresectable @entity5 . These three @entity1 received radiation and survived for 6, 8, and 20 months after the start of chemotherapy. The other two @entity1 were rendered disease-free by surgery. The first @entity1 , who was a partial responder to chemotherapy, survived for 26 months. The second @entity1 , who was a clinical complete responder, had excision of microscopic disease and is disease-free at 32+ months after the start of chemotherapy. This is the first article to report that the combination of @entity900 and @entity1487 is active in @entity17539 . After chemotherapy, surgery may be useful in selected @entity1 to accurately assess response and excise localized @entity41 . @entity1 rendered @entity5 -free may achieve long-term survival.

title: Chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity1487 for penile and urethral @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile and urethral carcinomas']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The expression of the @entity1722 proto-oncogene product was investigated immunohistochemically in 474 @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded @entity1 breast tissue samples. The series included 32 benign and 26 @entity75 , 32 @entity189 in situ and 384 invasive @entity0 , 107 of which were less than 1 cm in diameter. Cytometric DNA assessments were performed on histopathologically or cytodiagnostically identified cell nuclei, using image analysis. @entity1722 immunoreactivity was not seen in normal parenchyma or in benign and @entity75 . @entity189 in situ were more frequently immunoreactive (59%) than invasive @entity5 (23%). @entity5 more than 1 cm in diameter immunoreacted more often (26%) than small invasive @entity189 (16%). @entity1722 expression in regional lymph node @entity3 was the same as in the corresponding primary @entity5 . Significant differences were observed between the @entity1722 expression in DNA diploid and @entity75 ; for @entity189 in situ the figures were 40% and 72%, respectively. @entity189 of DNA diploid type rarely showed @entity1722 expression, irrespective of @entity5 size and nodal status (7-11%). DNA @entity5 were more frequently immunoreactive with increasing levels during progression (32-41%). Our data indicate that genetically stable invasive @entity5 seem rarely to express the @entity1722 protein, even during progression, whereas genetically unstable invasive @entity5 frequently show @entity1722 immunoreactivity which increases during @entity5 progression.

title: Expression of the @entity1722 proto-oncogene product and nuclear DNA content in benign and malignant XXXX breast parenchyma.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic lesions', 'aneuploid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'mammary tumours', 'Invasive tumours', 'aneuploid tumours', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive carcinomas', 'carcinomas', 'Mammary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objective. To describe @entity1906 / @entity645 clinic outcomes in a rural, Ministry of Health hospital. Design. Retrospective, secondary analyses. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses evaluated baseline characteristics and outcomes. Results. Of 1,911 @entity1 , 89.8% were adults aged 32.0 (  12.6) years with baseline @entity404 = 243.3 (  271.0), 18.2% <   50   cells/mm(3). Pulmonary (84.8%, (32.2% smear positive)) exceeded extrapulmonary @entity1906 (15.2%). Over 5 years, treatment success rose from 40.0% to 74.6%, lost to follow-up dropped from 36.0% to 12.5%, and @entity204 fell from 20.0% to 5.4%. For @entity1 starting ART after @entity1906 treatment, those with @entity404 >=    50   cells/mm(3) were twice as likely to achieve treatment success (OR = 2.0, 95% CI   =   1.3-3.1) compared to those with @entity404 <   50   cells/mm(3). @entity1 initiating ART at/after 2 months were twice as likely to achieve treatment success (OR = 2.0, 95% CI   =   1.3-3.3). Yearly, odds of treatment success improved by 20% (OR = 1.2, 95% CI   =   1.0-1.5). Conclusions. An integrated @entity1906 / @entity645 clinic with acceptable outcomes is a feasible goal in resource-limited settings.

title: Successes and Challenges in an Integrated Tuberculosis/ XXXX Clinic in a Rural, Resource-Limited Setting: Experiences from Kericho, Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are only scarce data about the benefit of adjunctive chemotherapy in @entity1 with localized @entity1352 ( @entity1352 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Data from 237 @entity1352 @entity1 recorded in the database of the @entity242 Group were retrospectively analyzed. The respective impact of radiotherapy, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS) were assessed after adjustment to prognostic factors. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 58 months (range 1-321). Adjuvant, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and postoperative radiotherapy were administered in 112, 45 and 181 cases, respectively. In all, 59% of @entity1 treated with chemotherapy received an @entity1260 -containing regimen. The 5-year @entity1349 , LRFS and DRFS rates were 64.0%, 70% and 57%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age >35 years old, grade 3 and not-R0 margins were highly significant independent predictors of worse @entity1349 . After adjustment to prognostic factors, radiotherapy significantly improved LRFS but not DRFS or @entity1349 . Neither neo-adjuvant nor adjuvant chemotherapy had significant impact on @entity1349 , LRFS or DRFS. CONCLUSION: As for other high-grade soft-tissue @entity242 , well-planned wide surgical excision with adjuvant radiotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for @entity1352 . Neo-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy should not be delivered outside a clinical trial setting.

title: Neo/adjuvant chemotherapy does not improve outcome in resected primary @entity1352 : a study of the XXXX Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['French Sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['French Sarcoma']


abstract: The proenzyme single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (scuPA) more effectively resolved intrapleural loculations in @entity95 with @entity803 ( @entity16362 )-induced loculation than a range of clinical doses of two-chain @entity3730 (Abbokinase) and demonstrated a trend toward greater efficacy than single-chain tPA (Activase) (Idell S et al., Exp Lung Res 33: 419, 2007.). scuPA more slowly generates durable intrapleural fibrinolytic activity than Abbokinase or Activase, but the interactions of these agents with inhibitors in pleural fluids (PFs) have been poorly understood. PFs from @entity95 with @entity16362 -induced @entity130 treated with intrapleural scuPA, its inactive @entity28130 mutant, Abbokinase, Activase, or vehicle, were analyzed to define the mechanism by which scuPA induces durable fibrinolysis. @entity3730 activity was elevated in PFs of animals treated with scuPA, correlated with the ability to clear @entity456 , and resisted (70-80%) inhibition by PAI-1. Alpha-macroglobulin (alphaM) but not urokinase receptor complexes immunoprecipitated from PFs of scuPA-treated @entity95 retained @entity3730 activity that resists PAI-1 and activates plasminogen. Conversely, little plasminogen activating or enzymatic activity resistant to PAI-1 was detectable in PFs of @entity95 treated with Abbokinase or Activase. Consistent with these findings, PAI-1 interacts with scuPA much slower than with Activase or Abbokinase in vitro. An equilibrium between active and inactive scuPA (k(on) = 4.3 h(-1)) limits the rate of its inactivation by PAI-1, favoring formation of complexes with alphaM. These observations define a newly recognized mechanism that promotes durable intrapleural fibrinolysis via formation of alphaM/ @entity3730 complexes. These complexes promote @entity3730 -mediated plasminogen activation in scuPA-treated @entity95 with @entity16362 -induced @entity130 .

title: Regulation of intrapleural fibrinolysis by urokinase-alpha-macroglobulin complexes in @entity803 -induced XXXX in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity28130 :: ('p|SUB|S|195|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser195Ala']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleural injury']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural loculations']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['pleural injury']


abstract: Post-traumatic @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) is a @entity66 with excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) production, which is a response to tissue injury by fibroblasts. Although emerging evidence has indicated that miRNA contributes to @entity2805 , the role of miRNA in @entity2805 formation remains unclear. In this study, we found that miR-143-3p was markedly downregulated in @entity2805 tissues and fibroblasts (HSFs) using qRT-PCR. The expression of @entity12020 ( @entity12020 / @entity12020 ) was upregulated both in @entity2805 tissues and HSFs, which is proposed to play a key role in ECM deposition in @entity2805 . The protein expression of collagen I (Col I), collagen III (Col III), and a-smooth muscle actin ( @entity1970 ) was obviously inhibited after treatment with miR-143-3p in HSFs. The CCK-8 assay showed that miR-143-3p transfection reduced the proliferation ability of HSFs, and flow cytometry showed that either early or late apoptosis of HSFs was upregulated by miR-143-3p. In addition, the activity of @entity522 and @entity8187 was increased after miR-143-3p transfection. On the contrary, the miR-143-3p inhibitor was demonstrated to increase cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of HSFs. Moreover, miR-143-3p targeted the 3'-UTR of @entity12020 and caused a significant decrease of @entity12020 . Western blot demonstrated that @entity584 / @entity3470 phosphorylation and the expression of @entity12020 , Col I, Col III, and @entity1970 were inhibited by miR-143-3p, but increased by @entity12020 overexpression. In conclusion, we found that miR-143-3p inhibits @entity2805 by regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1 HSFs, inhibiting ECM production-associated protein expression by targeting @entity12020 , and restraining the @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway.

title: MicroRNA-143-3p inhibits hyperplastic scar formation by targeting @entity12020 @entity12020 / @entity12020 via the @entity584 / XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic disease']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scar', 'HS', 'hypertrophic scarring']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['CCN2', 'connective tissue growth factor', 'CTGF']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 , aged from 5 to 14 years, with syndrome of @entity159 during @entity25 (ESESS) have been studied. The absence of @entity302 attacks was observed in 21.5% of @entity1 and diagnosis was established by a combination of continuous @entity302 with marked @entity73 . In 78.5% @entity1 , @entity302 attacks presented as follows: pharyngeal and oral, hemicephalgia (100% @entity1 with attacks), hemiclonic (18%), atypical absences (27%), negative @entity2045 (18%), automotor (18%), focal adverse with @entity391 (18%), secondary generalized (36%). Drugs of choice were @entity1092 (depakine) and topamax in @entity1 with attacks; suxilep and @entity8925 in the absence of attacks and in case of continuous @entity302 on the sleep EEG. Two variants have been singled out by the character of @entity159 . The first one, a "symptom variant", was featured by mostly hemiclonic, secondary generalized and automotor @entity302 attacks, presence of continuous regional or lateral, less frequent @entity302 , detected by the local structural lesions in MRI, marked @entity73 persisting after stopping of the attacks. The second ("idiopathic") variant is characterized by normal development of @entity1 before attack manifestation, appearance of mostly "rolandic" attacks, atypical absences and negative @entity2045 , presence of exclusively continuous @entity302 in the phase of @entity25 , standard MRI results (moderate cortical subatrophy in single cases), cessation or substantial decrease of @entity73 after attack stopping. It is emphasized that prognosis of @entity159 should be considered separately with @entity73 . A prognosis for attacks is always favorable. @entity73 despite the therapy can persist for a long time.

title: [Epilepsy with @entity159 during XXXX : diagnostic criteria and approaches to therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow sleep']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disturbances', 'regard to attacks and cognitive disturbances', 'Cognitive disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse epileptiform activity', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['electrical status epilepticus', 'ESESS syndrome']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['slow sleep']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that neuroendocrine and temperature responses in @entity1 can be employed to study the functional sensitivity of different @entity750 receptor subtypes. The evidence suggests that the PRL response to LTP is mediated by 5-HT1 receptors, perhaps the @entity1873 subtype, though further studies are needed to confirm this effect. It is uncertain whether the PRL responses to other 'presynaptic' challenges of @entity750 function, for example, @entity4899 , are mediated by the same post-synaptic @entity750 receptor subtype as that for LTP. Conversely it seems likely that agonists which stimulate 5-HT2/1C receptors increase both plasma PRL and ACTH in @entity1 . There is also evidence that @entity1873 receptors can increase ACTH secretion. This suggests that in @entity1 as in animals both the @entity1873 and 5HT2/1C receptors can facilitate ACTH release, though the significance of this dual control is not understood. It is also possible that both @entity1873 and 5-HT2/1C receptors stimulate PRL release, but @entity1873 receptors may have a more prominent role in GH secretion. In both @entity1 and animal studies @entity1873 and 5-HT2 receptor agonists may produce opposite effects on body temperature. These recent developments in @entity750 neuroendocrinology have been of great interest, but much is still uncertain. Progress in this field will be considerably advanced by the availability of new selective @entity750 receptor ligands, particularly selective receptor antagonists.

title: Endocrinological responses to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity4899 :: ('MESH:D005277', 'Chemical') :: ['fenfluramine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']