abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex bidirectional relationships have been described between body weight, thyroid function, and risk of @entity1374 , including @entity1669 . We used a life-course approach to examine the potential association of childhood or adult body weight with the risk of @entity1669 and @entity1374 at age 60-64 years in a large population-based birth cohort study. METHODS: In the UK Medical Research Council 1946 British Birth Cohort study, at age 60-64 years, 1277 @entity1 and 1185 @entity1 (78% of the target sample) responded to a postal questionnaire, which included questions on @entity1374 and thyroid medication. Circulating antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, free T4, and TSH concentrations were measured in 1057 @entity1 and 997 @entity1 at a subsequent clinic visit. Birth weight was recorded, and height and weight were measured at ages 2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 15 years and also repeatedly in adulthood. RESULTS: At age 60-64 years, 10.9% of @entity1 (139 of 1277) and 2.3% of @entity1 (27 of 1185) reported they were taking T4, and 11.5% of @entity1 (122 of 1057) and 3.3% of @entity1 (33 of 997) had positive anti-TPO antibodies (>100 IU/mL), consistent with @entity1669 . Among @entity1 , both T4 use and positive anti-TPO antibodies at age 60-64 years were positively associated with childhood body weight, childhood overweight, and adult body mass index. Childhood @entity1017 between 0 and 14 years of age was positively associated with later T4 use (odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.42) and positive anti-TPO antibodies (1.21, 1.00-1.47). @entity1 who were overweight or @entity28 at age 14 years (127 of 972) had a higher risk of later positive anti-TPO antibodies (2.05, 1.12-3.76). In @entity1 and @entity1 without any @entity1374 , serum free T4 concentrations were inversely associated with concurrent body mass index (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Childhood @entity1017 and childhood overweight conferred an increased susceptibility to @entity1375 and @entity1669 , particularly in @entity1 .

title: Childhood XXXX and @entity1669 at age 60-64 years: the 1946 British birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['later hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease', 'other thyroid disorders', 'thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: PURPOSE: A phase I trial was performed to evaluate the feasibility of escalating the dose of @entity2879 in dose-intensive @entity1260 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 (ICE) with @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 were entered between November 1990 and November 1991. @entity1 received @entity1260 5 g/m2 by continuous infusion over 48 hours, @entity3003 400 mg/m2 by intravenous bolus, and @entity2841 5 micrograms/kg/d subcutaneously from day 4 until neutrophil recovery. The @entity2879 dose was escalated, with six @entity1 receiving 300 mg/m2 total dose (level 1), six receiving 600 mg/m2 (level 2), three receiving 900 mg/m2 (level 3), and five receiving 1,200 mg/m2 (level 4). Level 4B consisted of three @entity1 who received @entity2879 1,200 mg/m2 and @entity2841 10 micrograms/kg/d. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was prospectively defined as the dose level at which the next higher level produced greater than 7 days of grade 4 myelosuppression in two or more of six @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were assessable. The median duration of @entity1398 was < or = 7 days on cycle 1 at all dose levels. The initial criteria for determination of the MTD was never achieved. However, seven of eight @entity1 treated at levels 4 and 4B required hospitalization for @entity221 on cycle 1 of therapy, with three of four septic events occurring at these levels. Cumulative @entity882 occurred at all dose levels, with > or = 50% of @entity1 requiring platelet transfusions on cycle 3. This became the dose-limiting @entity137 above level 3. The overall response rate was 48%, with 11 of 23 objective responses, including two complete responses (CRs). Seven of 11 (64%) @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) responded, including one CR. Two of four (50%) heavily pretreated @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) @entity1 responded, with one CR. CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity2841 to a dose-intensive ICE regimen permitted dose escalation of @entity2879 to 900 mg/m2, with cumulative @entity882 as the dose-limiting @entity137 . @entity3003 dosing by the area under the curve (AUC) may minimize @entity882 . This appears to be an active regimen for @entity1 with @entity1149 and @entity1893 .

title: XXXX , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 plus @entity2841 : a phase I study with apparent activity in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'refractory NHL']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: 72 adult @entity1 with @entity8157 ( @entity8157 ), 92% having @entity644 3 g/24 h or more, were studied for the clinical evolution of the disease and factors which might be involved in the development of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). At 10 years, 46% were in complete or partial remission, 4% had the @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ), 26% had some degree of @entity740 , and 24% were dead or started on dialysis. The actuarial @entity1 and kidney survival rates were 80% and 64%, respectively at 10 years. @entity1 survival rate was not affected by gender, age (after adjustment for age- and sex-matched population) or the severity of @entity1985 at diagnosis. 20 @entity1 showed @entity740 and apart from the more frequent (p < 0.05) presence of @entity740 at diagnosis, no clinical features discriminated them from those having intact renal function. Furthermore, no clinical factors at diagnosis predicted the final renal function among the 72 @entity1 . However, it appeared that the evolution of clinical status of @entity8157 was rapid @entity740 appearing 1.4 (median, range from 0 to 15.1) years after the diagnosis. At one and two years, renal function correlated significantly (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001 at two years) with the final renal function. What is more, the type of the evolution of @entity644 over the first two years gave valuable information on the eventual deterioration of renal function. @entity1 having stable non- @entity1985 grade @entity644 and those in whom @entity1985 disappeared, had excellent renal outcome while those in particular showing an increased severity of @entity1985 had poor prognosis in terms of renal survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term survival in XXXX : can the course be clinically predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['iMGN', 'idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8157 :: (MESH:D015433,Disease) :: ['idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine which causes of @entity204 are more frequent in @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ), and by how much, compared with the general population. Our focus was the period beginning 1 yr after injury. DESIGN: Subjects were 2320 Californians with long-term @entity717 after a @entity131 at age 10 yr or more, followed up between 1988 and 1997. The units of study were @entity1 -years, each linked to the subject's age, gender, level of ambulation, time since injury, and cause of @entity204 (if any) for the specific year. Observed numbers of cause-specific deaths were compared with numbers expected according to general population mortality rates. RESULTS: Mortality was higher between 1.0 and 5.0 yr postinjury than after 5.0 yr and was strongly related to reduced mobility. Death rates were elevated for @entity1457 , @entity1576 , @entity1224 /suffocation, and @entity410 , with @entity410 deaths being relatively frequent, even among the most ambulatory. CONCLUSIONS: Death rates for several causes are elevated in @entity1 with long-term sequelae of @entity131 . The increased risk of @entity1224 /suffocation should be of interest to caregivers. Life expectancy seems to be reduced, even for @entity1 who are fully ambulatory.

title: Long-term causes of XXXX after @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental disability']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity2012 is associated with @entity65 . We studied vascular function and mean arterial blood pressure in @entity19 overexpressing @entity291 GH. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured in conscious, unrestrained male and female @entity291 GH and littermate control @entity19 during normal as well as high salt intake using telemetric devices. Structure in artificially perfused maximally dilated hindquarter vascular beds and vascular reactivity and endothelial function in small mesenteric vessels were studied in female @entity291 GH and control @entity19 . Mean arterial blood pressure was increased in female @entity291 GH transgenic (126 +/- 3 mm Hg) and male @entity291 GH transgenic (129 +/- 4 mm Hg) compared with female (109 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < 0.05) and male (111 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < 0.05) controls respectively. Increased salt intake had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure. Perfusion studies showed a significant decrease in the average diameter of the female @entity291 GH transgenic hindquarter vascular bed (P < 0.05). The responses of isolated resistance arteries to @entity1063 , @entity972 -induced depolarization, @entity934 , or @entity1372 - @entity1854 did not significantly differ between @entity291 GH transgenic and control @entity19 . We conclude that the phenotype of the @entity291 GH @entity19 includes a salt-resistant form of @entity101 . Furthermore, the increase in mean arterial blood pressure is accompanied by a significant structural narrowing of the resistance vasculature without changes in vascular reactivity or endothelial function. The results imply that @entity101 in @entity291 GH @entity19 is maintained mainly by a structurally based increase in peripheral vascular resistance.

title: Vascular function and blood pressure in GH XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of the diagnosis of a first unprovoked @entity410 in childhood, the recurrence rate within two years, the risk factors for recurrence, and the long term outcome two years after recurrence. METHODS: One hundred and fifty six @entity1 aged 1 month to 16 years after a first @entity410 , and 51 @entity1 with a single disputable event were followed up. The diagnosis of a @entity410 was confirmed by a panel of three @entity1 neurologists on the basis of predescribed diagnostic criteria. None of the @entity1 was treated after the first episode. RESULTS: Five @entity1 with a disputable event developed @entity302 during follow up. The diagnosis did not have to be revised in any of the 156 @entity1 with a first @entity410 . The overall recurrence rate after two years was 54%. Significant risk factors were an epileptiform EEG (recurrence rate 71%) and remote symptomatic aetiology and/or @entity1032 (recurrence rate 74%). For the 85 @entity1 with one or more recurrences, terminal remission irrespective of treatment two years after the first recurrence was >12 months in 50 (59%), <six months in 22 (26%), and six to 12 months in 11 (13%) and unknown in two (2%). Taking the no recurrence and recurrence groups together, a terminal remission of at least 12 months was present in 121 out of the 156 @entity1 (78%). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a first @entity410 can be made accurately with the help of strict diagnostic criteria. The use of these criteria may have contributed to the rather high risk of recurrence in this series. However, the overall prognosis for a @entity1 presenting with a single @entity410 is excellent, even if treatment with antiepileptic drugs is not immediately instituted.

title: The first unprovoked, untreated @entity410 in childhood: a hospital based study of the accuracy of the diagnosis, rate of recurrence, and long term outcome after recurrence. Dutch study of XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The actions of the novel @entity460 ( @entity141 ) channel antagonist @entity946 ( @entity946 ), a selective T-type channel blocker in myocardium, were investigated in embryonic @entity35 spinal motoneurones maintained in culture. Whole-cell currents were recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Motoneurones displayed transient, low-voltage-activated (LVA) and, more sustained, high-voltage-activated ( @entity3829 ) @entity141 currents. The LVA currents were small and preferentially blocked by @entity6478 and low doses of @entity3406 . Most of the HVA @entity141 current flowed through N-type @entity141 channels, while L-, and P/Q-type channels represented a smaller fraction. @entity946 caused a rapid and reversible dose-dependent block of inward @entity141 channel currents. Inhibition was nearly complete at 10 microM, suggesting @entity946 blockade of all subclasses of @entity141 channels. The IC50 was approximately 1.4 microM on currents measured at 0 mV, from a holding potential of -90 mV. Inhibition of LVA @entity141 current occurred over the same contraction range. Slow tail currents induced by the @entity7236 agonist @entity9898 were also blocked by @entity946 , although with a slightly lower potency (IC50 = 3.4 microM). These broad inhibitory effects of @entity946 on @entity141 influx were also supported by the strong inhibition of depolarization-induced intracellular @entity460 transients, measured from Indo-1 loaded motoneurones imaged with confocal microscopy. We conclude that @entity946 has potent blocking effects on @entity141 channels in @entity1 motoneurones. We hypothesize that therapeutic and pharmacological effects of @entity946 may involve actions on @entity141 channels other than type T.

title: @entity946 ( XXXX ) blocks multiple types of voltage-gated @entity460 channels in cultured @entity35 spinal motoneurones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7236 :: ('MESH:C038806', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydropyridine']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['Ro 40-5967', 'mibefradil', 'Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity946 :: (MESH:D020748,Chemical) :: ['Ro 40-5967']


abstract: Virtually all dental offices are asked to treat @entity1 with underlying medical concerns. Because of their high prevalence in our society, we are obligated to have some familiarity with @entity565 , @entity6 , and @entity101 . Dental treatment can affect or be affected by these diseases. Our mandate as health care professionals to "do no harm" dictates that we must be prepared to properly assess all @entity1 in determining how, and if, they may be treated safely. Good medical histories and physical examinations are the only ways to do this. When faced with a medically compromised @entity1 , the following recommendations apply: Have a working knowledge of the disease. Prepare your facility for a crisis. Consider your reasonable prevention protocols and use them as appropriate. Avoid known triggers. Plan to lower stress.

title: XXXX , @entity6 and @entity101 : diseases and medical histories.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['Asthma']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the annual risk of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity5 and the immunogenicity of a trivalent split virus @entity683 vaccine in these @entity1 . METHODS: Eighty four @entity1 with @entity5 were tested for susceptibility to the circulating strains of @entity683 virus in autumn 1995 and 1996. Non-immunised @entity1 were reassessed the following spring for serological evidence of @entity281 . Forty two @entity1 received two doses of @entity683 vaccine. These @entity1 were receiving continuing chemotherapy for @entity981 or were within six months of completing chemotherapy. RESULTS: Among the 84 @entity1 tested for @entity683 virus susceptibility only 8% of @entity1 were fully protected (antibody titres >/= 40) against all three of the prevalent @entity683 virus strains; 33% were susceptible to all three viruses. Evidence of acquired @entity281 was seen in 30% of unimmunised @entity1 . Among immunised susceptible @entity1 , 66% made some protective response to the vaccine and 55% showed protective antibody titres to all three viral strains following vaccination. Older age was associated with increased response to the H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components, but total white cell count or neutrophil count at immunisation, type of @entity5 , or length of time on treatment for @entity981 did not affect response. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity5 studied were at risk of @entity281 . A significant response to immunisation was seen, supporting annual @entity683 vaccination for @entity1 being treated for @entity5 .

title: Response to XXXX immunisation during treatment for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['natural infection', 'influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Four @entity1 @entity157 cell lines @entity9294 /PRF/5, Hep G2, Sk- @entity25226 and Mahlavu were inoculated subcutaneously into athymic Balb/c @entity19 and N/NIH outbred nude @entity35 , producing well encapsulated @entity5 . The 4 @entity157 @entity5 types in the athymic rodents differ morphologically. @entity9294 /PRF/5 and Hep G2 cells are well differentiated polygonal cells which resemble normal hepatocytes. @entity5 arrangement is characterized by solid masses and trabeculae while stromal support is minimal. In contrast, Mahlavu and Sk- @entity25226 @entity5 have a sarcomatous appearance and consist of spindle shaped cells arranged in solid masses with a rich stromal support. Tumourigenicity of @entity157 cells in the athymic rodents was dependent on injected cell type, inoculation density, relative immunocompetence of the host and the species of animals used. In @entity19 , Sk- @entity25226 cells were the most tumourigenic, while Hep G2 cells were tumourigenic only at very high inoculation densities. In nude @entity35 , which were more resistant to @entity5 formation, @entity9294 /PRF/5 cells were the most tumourigenic. Pre-treatment of athymic @entity19 and @entity35 with total body irradiation resulted in enhanced tumourigenicity for all @entity157 cell lines tested. This was manifested as increased "take" rates, a decreased latency from @entity5 cell injection to @entity5 detection, increased @entity5 weight, and for @entity9294 /PRF/5 cells an increased invasiveness to adjacent body cavities. Furthermore, following irradiation, the minimal number of injected cells required to produce subcutaneous @entity5 was markedly reduced in both animal species, regardless of @entity5 cell type. The protocols described enable the reproducible growth of @entity1 @entity5 in athymic rodents.

title: Comparative morphology and tumourigenicity of XXXX @entity157 cell lines in athymic @entity35 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'hepatoma tumours', 'Tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Macrophage activation with zymosan has an inhibitory effect on @entity5 take and initial @entity5 growth in the @entity35 liver. 91 @entity35 with @entity8 in the liver were treated with zymosan (46) or saline (45). @entity5935 (glucocorticoid), @entity3352 ( @entity3009 synthesis inhibitor), @entity208 ( @entity26 radical scavenger) or saline were administered concomitantly. @entity5 take, @entity5 growth and relative spleen weight were used as in vivo parameters of liver macrophages @entity137 and general macrophage activation. Zymosan inhibition of @entity5 take was counteracted by @entity5935 , @entity3352 and @entity208 . @entity5935 increased the growth rate of the non-zymosan treated @entity5 during seven days. @entity3352 decreased the growth rate of the @entity5 in non-zymosan treated @entity35 up to 14 days. @entity208 significantly blocked the zymosan inhibition of @entity5 take and @entity5 growth after 7 and 14 days. @entity208 blocked zymosan induced increased relative spleen weight. It is proposed that the liver macrophage @entity137 induced by zymosan is in part mediated via production of @entity26 radicals.

title: XXXX of liver macrophages against liver tumours. Influence of @entity5935 , @entity3352 and @entity208 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['syngeneic transplanted hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['Betamethasone', 'betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Cytotoxicity']


abstract: @entity3677 (99.9% pure) was administered by vapor inhalation exposure to five groups (27 @entity35 /group) of presumed pregnant @entity35 (Crl:CD) at concentrations of 0 (control), 99, 304, 1,178, and 2,028 ppm for 6 hr/day on days 6-15 of gestation (G). Maternal body weight, feed consumption, and clinical signs were recorded throughout gestation. Dams were euthanized on day 20 G. Each uterus was weighed and corpora lutea, implantation sites and resorptions were counted. The number of fetuses per litter were counted and their location within the uterus recorded. All fetuses were weighed, sexed and examined for external and skeletal alterations. One half of the fetuses from each litter were examined for visceral alterations. No treatment-related @entity204 were noted at any concentration tested. Treatment-related effects on maternal body weight and feed consumption were noted at all exposure levels. The decreases in maternal body weight at 99 and 304 ppm were minimal and transient since they returned to control values by the next weighing period. When exposure was discontinued, body @entity1017 and feed consumption in all exposure groups returned to control values. There were no treatment-related changes in the number of litters produced or in the mean number per litter of corpora lutea, implantations, resorptions, live or dead fetuses, or sex ratio. Fetal body weights were similar between the control and treated groups. There were no treatment-related increases in the type or incidence of external, visceral, or @entity600 , developmental variations, or variations indicative of retarded development. Exposure to @entity3677 concentrations up to 2,028 ppm resulted in no embryo or fetal @entity137 or @entity600 even at exposure levels that resulted in maternal @entity137 .

title: XXXX : inhalation developmental @entity137 study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'skeletal malformations']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl methacrylate', 'methyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity3677 :: (MESH:D020366,Chemical) :: ['Methyl methacrylate']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case series. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe a unique group of intercollegiate athletes who are skeletally mature and who developed symptomatic @entity697 and to study long-term return to play outcome of nonoperative and surgical repair of L3 and L4 spondylolysis in skeletally mature athletes. BACKGROUND: Traditionally, symptomatic @entity697 is a defect found in skeletally immature athletes, most commonly in the pars interarticularis of L5, less commonly in the L3/L4 region, and even less commonly in skeletally mature athletes as described in this group. METHODS: Eight intercollegiate athletes (2 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 , ages ranging from 19 to 21 y) with @entity697 were diagnosed by means of computed tomography (CT) and single photon emission-CT bone scan. @entity75 were present in 5 @entity1 , and @entity75 were present in 3 @entity1 . All @entity1 were treated initially nonoperatively with a protocol of bracing and activity modification. The healing progress was assessed through repeat CT scan. @entity1 who failed to respond to nonoperative procedures underwent direct repair of their pars defect through variable angle pedicle screw and sublaminar hook. Outcomes were measured by completion of the Oswestry Low Back @entity158 Disability Questionnaire (mean follow-up 6.5 y) and return to athletic participation. RESULTS: All @entity1 successfully returned to full athletic competition. Two @entity1 showed radiographic healing and resolution of @entity158 following 3 months of nonoperative treatment. Five @entity1 required surgical repair of the pars defect. All of these @entity1 eventually returned to unrestricted participation in athletics. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that this subgroup will generally respond well to surgical correction of the pars defect and return to uninhibited competition following conservative treatment and/or surgical repair.

title: XXXX in intercollegiate athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lumbar spondylolysis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['L4 lesions', 'L3 lesions']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute lumbar spondylolysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2007, the World @entity5 Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for @entity5 Research (AICR) issued recommendations on diet, physical activity, and weight management for @entity5 prevention on the basis of the most comprehensive collection of available evidence. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether concordance with WCRF/AICR recommendations is related to risk of @entity204 . DESIGN: The current study included 378,864 @entity1 from 9 European countries enrolled in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition study. At recruitment (1992-1998), dietary, anthropometric, and lifestyle information was collected. A WCRF/AICR score, which incorporated 6 of the WCRF/AICR recommendations for @entity1 [regarding body fatness, physical activity, foods and drinks that promote @entity1017 , plant foods, animal foods, and alcoholic drinks (score range: 0-6)] and 7 WCRF/AICR recommendations for @entity1 [plus breastfeeding (score range: 0-7)], was constructed. Higher scores indicated greater concordance with WCRF/AICR recommendations. Associations between the WCRF/AICR score and risks of total and cause-specific @entity204 were estimated by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: After a median follow-up time of 12.8 y, 23,828 @entity204 were identified. @entity1 within the highest category of the WCRF/AICR score (5-6 points in @entity1 ; 6-7 points in @entity1 ) had a 34% lower hazard of @entity204 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.75) compared with @entity1 within the lowest category of the WCRF/AICR score (0-2 points in @entity1 ; 0-3 points in @entity1 ). Significant inverse associations were observed in all countries. The WCRF/AICR score was also significantly associated with a lower hazard of dying from @entity5 , @entity1457 , and @entity1576 . CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that following WCRF/AICR recommendations could significantly increase longevity.

title: Adherence to the World @entity5 Research Fund/American Institute for @entity5 Research guidelines and risk of XXXX in Europe: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Nutrition and @entity5 cohort study1,4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) activates innate immunity involving Toll-like receptor ( @entity8932 and @entity1990 signaling. Leukocyte migration and vascular permeability contribute to @entity3145 . We hypothesized that @entity8932 and @entity1990 directly mediate leukocyte migration and vascular permeability during I/R. We used in vivo microscopy on postischemic @entity19 cremaster muscle to quantify leukocyte adhesion as well as transendothelial and interstitial migration in sham-operated wild-type @entity19 and in wild-type, @entity8932 (-/-), and @entity1990 -mutant @entity19 30 and 120 min after I/R. Alterations in @entity2822 -dextran leakage across cremasteric venules were determined as a measure of endothelial permeability. I/R-induced leukocyte adhesion in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity1990 -mutant @entity19 was comparable to that in wild-type @entity19 . The number of transmigrated leukocytes was increased upon I/R in wild-type @entity19 as compared with the sham-operated group. In contrast, leukocyte transmigration was significantly attenuated in @entity8932 (-/-) but not in @entity1990 -mutant @entity19 . Motility and polarization of interstitially migrating leukocytes did not significantly differ in @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity1990 -mutant @entity19 from wild-type @entity19 . @entity455 was significantly lower in both @entity8932 (-/-) and @entity1990 -mutant than in wild-type @entity19 . We conclude that both @entity8932 signaling and @entity1990 signaling enhance postischemic vascular permeability and that @entity8932 has additional effects on the transendothelial migration of leukocytes at the postischemic vascular wall.

title: Postischemic vascular permeability requires both @entity8932 and XXXX , but only @entity8932 mediates the transendothelial migration of leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Postischemic vascular leakage']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['postischemic tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat @entity9 refractory to pharmacotherapy has reported variable outcomes and has gained United Kingdom but not USA regulatory approval. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess long-term efficacy of DBS for chronic @entity9 in a single-center case series. METHODS: @entity1 reported outcome measures were collated before and after surgery, using a visual analog score, short-form 36-question quality-of-life survey, @entity158 questionnaire, and EuroQol-5D questionnaires (EQ-5D and health state). RESULTS: One hundred ninety-seven @entity1 were referred over 12 years, of whom 85 received DBS for various etiologies: 9 amputees, 7 @entity2685 , 31 after @entity64 , 13 with spinal pathology, 15 with head and @entity158 , and 10 miscellaneous. Mean age at surgery was 52 years, and mean follow-up was 19.6 months. Contralateral DBS targeted the periventricular gray area (n = 33), the ventral posterior nuclei of the thalamus (n = 15), or both targets (n = 37). Almost 70% (69.4%) of @entity1 retained implants 6 months after surgery. Thirty-nine of 59 (66%) of those implanted gained benefit and efficacy varied by etiology, improving outcomes in 89% after amputation and 70% after @entity64 . In this cohort, >30% improvements sustained in visual analog score, @entity158 questionnaire, short-form 36-question quality-of-life survey, and EuroQol-5D questionnaire were observed in 15 @entity1 with >42 months of follow-up, with several outcome measures improving from those assessed at 1 year. CONCLUSION: DBS for @entity158 has long-term efficacy for select etiologies. Clinical trials retaining @entity1 in long-term follow-up are desirable to confirm findings from prospectively assessed case series.

title: Long-term outcomes of deep brain stimulation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['McGill pain', 'face pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: Background. The contribution of the hemodialysis (HD) vascular access type to @entity32 is unclear. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study in an incident HD population. @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and interferon-y-induced protein ( @entity371 ) were measured before and at 6-time points after access placement for 1 year. Results. Sixty-four incident HD @entity1 were included (tunneled catheter (TC), n = 40, @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ), n = 14, and arteriovenous graft (AVG), n = 10). A mixed effects model was performed to adjust for age, sex, race, @entity453 , @entity6 , @entity281 , access @entity715 , initiation of HD, and days after access surgery. In comparison to AVFs, the presence of a TC was associated with significantly higher levels of @entity1851 (P = 0.03), @entity650 (P = 0.07), and @entity371 (P = 0.03). The presence of an AVG was associated with increases in @entity1851 (P = 0.01) and @entity371 (P = 0.07). Conclusions. @entity1 who initiate HD with a TC or an AVG have a heightened state of @entity32 , which may contribute to the excess 90-day mortality after HD initiation.

title: The initial vascular access type contributes to XXXX in incident hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The relationship between traumatic extra-axial @entity1410 and @entity194 was investigated in 42 adult @entity1 aged between 15 and 50 years who required removal of extra-axial @entity1410 . These @entity1 were followed up by serial computed tomography for more than 6 months after @entity542 . Nine of these @entity1 developed @entity194 . Their Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 6.4 +/- 2.8 (mean +/- SD). The score of the @entity1 without @entity194 was 9.6 +/- 3.3 (p < 0.01). These @entity1 had three extradural and six subdural @entity1410 . All @entity1 with @entity194 had cerebral swelling postoperatively, more prominent in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity1410 in seven @entity1 . This swelling was associated with global @entity6152 and persisted for 10.4 +/- 2.9 days. The severity of @entity194 was more prominent in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity1410 in five of these seven @entity1 . Extra-axial @entity1410 in @entity1 with severe @entity542 can induce @entity194 in the underlying cerebral hemisphere.

title: Hemispheric XXXX after traumatic extra-axial @entity1410 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy', 'hemispheric cerebral atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['cerebral atrophy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe selected temporal systemic responses to different enteral feeding schedules using an animal model, as one prerequisite for determining optimal delivery times for @entity1 enteral feedings. The effect of feeding schedules and time of day were examined relative to body weight and plasma @entity413 , insulin, glucagon, and @entity2819 levels. Adult male @entity35 (N = 80) were used in a 4 x 4 randomized block design. @entity35 started the feeding schedules on Day 11 post-gastrostomy tube placement. The following feeding schedules, often used by @entity1 , were tested: 24-hour enteral; 24-hour oral; 12-hour (rest time) enteral; and 12-hour (rest time) oral. Plasma was collected on Day 20. Despite very different feeding schedules, there were no statistical differences in @entity1017 , or plasma @entity413 and glucagon levels. Levels of insulin and @entity2819 were significantly influenced by time of day and/or feeding group. Temporal pattern disruption was greatest in the rest-time fed enteral group. Both route and timing of enteral delivery modified metabolic hormone patterns.

title: Systemic responses to different enteral feeding schedules in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The @entity1628 ( @entity1628 ) plays an important role in weight and energy homeostasis and it is associated with lower risk to develop @entity28 and lower body mass index. The contribution of @entity1628 mutation to @entity28 in Vojvodina (Northern Province of Serbia), known as a region with the largest number of overweight @entity1 , has not been previously investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the @entity54809 polymorphism of @entity1628 in a population of Vojvodina and its association with @entity28 . The study was carried out in a group of 96 @entity1 : 62 @entity28 and 34 normal weight @entity1 and @entity1 . Anthropometric measurements and cardiovascular risk factors assessment were done. The genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. In our on going study, three subjects were heterozygous for @entity54809 mutation (3.12%), and one was homozygous for 103Ile allele (1.04%). Among @entity28 @entity1 no @entity6778 allele homozygous was found. The frequencies of the 103Ile allele in a group of @entity28 and normal weight @entity1 were found to be 1.61 and 4.41%, respectively. @entity54809 polymorphism of @entity1628 is unlikely to be a major cause of overweight and @entity28 in Vojvodina, but further studies on larger groups of @entity1 are needed.

title: Polymorphism @entity54809 of the XXXX gene in the Serbian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1628 :: ('4160', 'Gene') :: ['MC4R', 'melanocortin-4 receptor']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity54809 :: ('p|SUB|V|103|I', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val103Ile']

answer: @entity1628 :: (4160,Gene) :: ['melanocortin-4 receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the effect of @entity9874 (LMP) with @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) in @entity161 ( @entity161 ). METHODS: We carried out a double-blind, parallel group study (n = 19/arm) with balanced randomization in blocks of 4 and stratification by sex. Subjects entered a 30-week trial, of which phases I-III were open: phase I (wk 0-6) baseline; phase II (wk 7-9) stepwise transition to @entity1767 (HAL), 30 mg/d, plus @entity5662 (BT), 4 mg/d; phase III (wk 10-15) HAL, 40-60 mg/d, plus BT, 4-6 mg/d; phase IV (wk 16-20) stepwise transition to LMP or @entity5579 (500 mg/d) following randomization; phase V (wk 21-28) stepwise increase of LMP or @entity5579 (600-1000 mg/d, dose reduction permitted) to establish optimum dose; and phase VI (wk 29-30) optimized dose maintained. Criteria for @entity161 were based on those established by Kane et al in 1988. The criterion for a response to treatment was a reduction of 25% or more in total Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score. RESULTS: Both LMP (p = 0.007) and @entity5579 (p = 0.030) improved @entity161 relative to baseline. Although there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in treatment response at study end point, @entity3628 outcome revealed a significant (p = 0.006) advantage of LMP over @entity5579 for the BPRS total score. Ten of 19 @entity1 on LMP and 8 of 19 on @entity5579 met the criterion for treatment response, and 9 of the 18 responders did so on 200-700 mg/d @entity9852 . The mean dose of responders was 710 (standard deviation [SD] 265) mg/d (LMP) and 722 (SD 272) mg/d ( @entity5579 ). @entity2146 was associated with a nonresponse to @entity11922 (p = 0.010). BPRS scores increased significantly on HAL (p = 0.006). Two of 19 @entity1 on LMP and 5 of 19 on @entity5579 withdrew early from the study. CONCLUSION: LMP and @entity5579 may be useful in the management of @entity161 . A modest advantage of LMP compared with @entity5579 was seen in longitudinal analysis. High doses of neuroleptics may contribute to @entity161 ; reduction of neuroleptics to modest or moderate doses should be considered before categorizing a @entity1 as treatment resistant.

title: @entity9874 versus @entity2644 in XXXX : a double-blind randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11922 :: ('MESH:D010640', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazines']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical linear modelling of longitudinal']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant schizophrenia', 'TRS']

entities_list: @entity5662 :: ('MESH:D001590', 'Chemical') :: ['benztropine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity9874 :: ('MESH:D008728', 'Chemical') :: ['levomepromazine']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['Akathisia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['treatment-resistant schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity794 is a significant cause of @entity281 and boasts a diverse array of virulence factors. @entity794 produces and secretes a protein, extracellular fibrinogen (Fg)-binding protein (Efb), which contributes to virulence in wound @entity281 . Efb binds to both Fg and platelets and inhibits platelet function in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we have characterized the antibody response against Efb. Antibodies generated in response to immunization with Efb can neutralize the biological effects of Efb. Hyperimmune @entity742 immunoglobulin (Ig)G against Efb blocked the binding of Efb to Fg and prevented Efb-mediated inhibition of @entity1423 . Furthermore, these antibodies cross-reacted with coagulase and blocked coagulase activity in plasma. Immunization of @entity19 with Efb resulted in the generation of high titre specific antibodies. When subjected to a @entity2737 , the vaccinated animals developed significantly less severe wound @entity281 than the unvaccinated controls. Also, human IgG against Efb was prepared from commercial IgG pools; however, the monospecific human anti-Efb that was enriched was unable to neutralize Efb. We conclude that immunization with Efb is required in order to generate a protective antibody response to Efb from @entity794 .

title: The neutralizing effects of hyperimmune antibodies against extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein, Efb, from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['foreign-body-associated wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'acute and chronic infection']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity4857 (V) to @entity368 (L) polymorphism of the @entity35006 gene is associated with @entity10831 -2 activity; @entity1 with the V allele have high activity and @entity1 with the L allele have low activity. We examined whether this polymorphism predicts the presence of @entity263 in 320 @entity1 without @entity5 who underwent biopsy and @entity5 progression in 318 @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy. METHODS: The effect of the @entity35006 gene in predicting the presence of @entity263 was examined using logistic regression analysis, controlling for established risk factors. The effect of the @entity35006 gene in predicting @entity263 progression was examined using a nested, matched, case-control design. Most of the @entity1 were white. RESULTS: Of the 320 @entity1 , 158 (49.4%) were found on biopsy to have @entity263 . The overall distribution of the V/V, V/L, and L/L genotypes was 47.5%, 42.5%, and 10.0%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for having @entity263 for @entity1 with at least one V allele was 2.53 compared with @entity1 with the L/L genotype (P = 0.03). Of the 318 @entity1 with @entity5 , 80 had biochemically detected recurrence and 238 had no evidence of recurrence. The odds ratio for progression for @entity1 with at least one V allele was 3.32 (95% confidence interval 1.67 to 6.62, P = 0.0006) compared with @entity1 with the L/L genotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who have the V allele of the @entity35006 gene have a twofold increase in the risk of @entity263 development and an additional twofold increase in the risk of progression compared with @entity1 with the L/L genotype.

title: V89L polymorphism of type-2, XXXX enzyme gene predicts @entity263 presence and progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity10831 :: (6715,Gene) :: ['5-alpha reductase']


abstract: The @entity1082 ) has been implicated as an etiological factor in a subset of @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Because circulating @entity5 DNA has previously been detected in the sera of @entity1 with advanced @entity213 (stage III or IV), we hypothesized that HPV DNA might be present in the sera of HPV-positive @entity213 patients. Serum DNA extracts from 70 @entity1 with @entity213 were screened for HPV using conventional PCR and a real-time quantitative assay. All samples subjected to conventional PCR were further tested by dot blot hybridization, and positives were confirmed by Southern blotting. Paired @entity5 DNA from archived tissues was then similarly screened for HPV genomic material (n = 51) or tested by in situ hybridization (n = 19). @entity1799 DNA was detected with L1 primers in 0 of 65 sera and in 15 of 70 (21%) @entity5 . Conventional PCR with E7 primers and Southern blot hybridization detected @entity1799 DNA in four (6%) sera. Using real-time quantitative PCR, six samples were found to contain various levels of circulating HPV DNA (mean, 12 copies/ml; range, <1-35.) All six serum-positive @entity1 had corresponding @entity5 positive for E7. Four of these @entity1 with @entity5 later developed distant metastases, suggesting that HPV DNA in serum may represent occult hematogenous spread of @entity5 cells in this subset of @entity1 . Although a much larger prospective trial is required, the presence of HPV genomic material in serum DNA of HPV-positive @entity213 @entity1 may serve as a useful marker of early @entity3 .

title: Detection and quantitation of XXXX ) DNA in the sera of @entity1 with HPV-associated @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'HPV-positive tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Basocellular @entity1489 (BCC) is the most common @entity5 in the @entity1 population. BCC almost appeared at adult's @entity1 , but it can be found at @entity1 , too. THE AIM: The aim of this study was to determine which the position of BCC on the head skin is the most difficult for the treatment and what the reasons are for it. METHODS: With the prospective study, from June 2004 to June 2011, were compared the results of @entity189 (BCC) of the head skin. The examinees were divided into 3 groups. The first group, the group A (38 @entity1 ) was consisted of examinees treated of BCC on the nose. In the second group, the group B (42 @entity1 ) was classified of examinees treated of BCC on the face, temple, eyelids and forehead, while the third group, group C (35 @entity1 ) was classified of examinees treated of BCC on the scalp. The parameters for comparison the results of treatment were the method of treatment, number of the relapse, elapsed time from surgery to relapse and consequently defacement. RESULTS: There was found a statistical significant difference in terms of choice of methods of operative treatment for the significantly higher number of operations on the scalp operated with cutaneous transplants. It was confirmed that the localization of the @entity5 on the scalp, and then on the nose are with the highest incidence of the relapse, whereas the postoperative defacement is mostly on the scalp after skin graft placement. Key

title: The results of XXXX of the head skin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['treatment of basocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['treatment of basoceltular carcinomas']


abstract: The basal promoters of three @entity238 long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs), the I factor and the F and Doc elements, have the same architecture. In each, transcription is directed by an initiator which is faithfully and efficiently recognized only when flanked 3' by a DNA segment approximately 20 bp in length called the B region. The B regions of the three promoters are interchangeable and have a complex structure, comprising three functionally distinct elements: @entity53900 , @entity53901 and @entity53902 . While @entity53901 is relatively conserved, fitting the consensus RGACGTGY, @entity53900 and @entity53902 vary among the three promoters. At different levels, each downstream element is able to ensure accurate recognition of the initiator. The @entity53901 domain stimulates transcription of the F, I and Doc promoters to the same extent. In contrast, the I @entity53900 domain stimulates transcription much more efficiently than the corresponding domains of the F and Doc elements. The finding that @entity53901 is selectively required in order to detect full activity of enhancer sequences found in the F element suggests that @entity53900 and @entity53901 interact with different proteins. The B regions can be replaced by and synergize with a TATA element, can functionally substitute for downstream promoter sequences in the @entity238 @entity15614 gene, and significantly activate the @entity19 terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase initiator. Our data suggest that the B regions stimulate transcription by providing sites of interaction for the TFIID complex. Sequences homologous to the del to @entity53902 array are found downstream from the transcription start site(s) both in TATA-less and TATA-containing promoters.

title: Multiple downstream promoter modules regulate the transcription of the XXXX I, Doc and F elements.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: @entity2583 ( @entity13296 ) is an @entity697 , mostly seen in @entity6 and immunocompromised @entity1 , and seldom in healthy @entity1 . Therapy includes aggressive surgical debridement, @entity2379 and control of underlying predisposing condition ( @entity6 , immunosuppression or @entity465 ). The rhino-sinuso-orbital presentation is typically observed in @entity1723 with @entity1270 . This metabolic condition may impair the polymorphonuclear function in a reversible way and this may favour @entity281 by a mucoral. These spores germinate into hyphae, which invade local arteries and arterioles, causing @entity715 , @entity5327 and tissue @entity519 and @entity520 , conditions which further enhance fungal growth. Hyperbaric @entity26 has theoretical value in treating @entity2583 , since it reduces tissue @entity519 caused by the @entity5327 . We report an insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 with @entity2694 , who after being treated with @entity2379 and surgical debridement on two occasions, maintained clinical and tomographic evidence of @entity281 , and mucoral persistence in the lesion. An aggressive surgical debridement, using microsurgical techniques, was performed. @entity2379 was increased up to a total dose of 3900 mg. (he had previously received 2900 mg) and hyperbaric @entity26 was added as adjunctive treatment. The outcome was successful. There was no evidence of relapse after a 16-month follow-up. This observation would confirm the usefulness of hyperbaric @entity26 as adjunctive therapy in @entity2583 .

title: [Adjunctive treatment with hyperbaric @entity26 in a XXXX with @entity2694 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute and often fatal infection']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity13296 :: ('MESH:D020096', 'Disease') :: ['phycomycosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['rhino-sinuso-orbital mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanical properties of 4 stabilization methods for @entity1641 long-bone fractures: dynamic compression plate ( @entity1298 ), limited contact-DCPlate (LC- @entity1298 ), @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ), and the clamp-rod internal fixator (CRIF--formerly VetFix). STUDY DESIGN: In vitro mechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bone substitute material (24 tubes) was cut at 20 degrees to the long axis of the tube to simulate an oblique mid-shaft @entity174 . METHODS: Tubes were divided into 4 groups (n=6) and double plated in an orthogonal configuration, with 1 screw of 1 implant being inserted in lag fashion through the " @entity174 ". Thus, the groups were: (1) 2 @entity1298 implants (4.5, broad, 10 holes); (2) 2 LC- @entity1298 implants (5.5, broad, 10 holes); (3) 2 @entity2850 implants (4.5/5.0, broad, 10 holes) and 4 head locking screws/plate; and (4) 2 CRIF (4.5/5.0) and 10 clamps in alternating position left and right of the rod. All constructs were tested in 4-point bending with a quasi-static load until failure. The implant with the interfragmentary screw was always positioned on the tension side of the construct. Force, displacement, and angular displacement at the " @entity174 " line were determined. Construct stiffness under low and high loads, yield strength, ultimate strength, and maximum angular displacement were determined. RESULTS: None of the implants failed; the strength of the bone substitute was the limiting factor. At low loads, no differences in stiffness were found among groups, but @entity2850 constructs were stiffer than other constructs under high loads (P=.004). Ultimate strength was lowest in the @entity2850 group (P=.01), whereas yield strength was highest for @entity2850 constructs (409 N m, P=.004). CRIF had the lowest yield strength (117 N m, P=.004); no differences in yield strength (250 N m) were found between @entity1298 and LC- @entity1298 constructs. Differences were found for maximum angular displacement at the " @entity174 " line, between groups: LPC< @entity1298 <LC- @entity1298 <CRIF (P< or =.037). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1298 , LC- @entity1298 , and @entity2850 constructs provided sufficient biomechanical stability to withstand single-cycle loads that might be experienced postoperatively. @entity2850 constructs showed the best performance because of the highest yield strength, above which irreversible deformation occurred. Inadequate biomechanical properties, excessive motion, and shape of the device create concern about the use of CRIF in these large sizes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CRIF does not meet the demands for @entity1641 long-bone @entity174 treatment. With respect to biomechanical properties, @entity1298 , LC- @entity1298 , and @entity2850 constructs did not show critical differences so other factors may direct clinical selection of these implants. We prefer the @entity2850 implants because of the high yield strength, high stiffness under high-load application, and the least movement at the @entity174 line.

title: Assessment of stiffness and strength of 4 different implants available for @entity1641 XXXX treatment: a study on a 20 degrees oblique long-bone @entity174 model using a bone substitute.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'locking compression plate']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pediatric dentists could be in an excellent position to identify and intervene early for @entity1 at high risk for overweight or @entity28 ; however, current practices and attitudes are uncertain. This study's purpose was to explore the practices and attitudes of pediatric dentists regarding weight-and caries-related counseling. METHODS: Data were analyzed from 1,779 pediatric dentists responding to a 2008-09 survey of 4,154 randomly selected pediatric and 3,846 general dentists. Data were weighted to account for unequal probability of selection and nonresponse rates among regions and dentist types. RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of respondents reported increased proportions of overweight/ @entity28 pediatric @entity1 since they began practice, and approximately 9% offered weight-related counseling. By contrast, approximately 80% provided caries-related counseling. Major barriers to providing weight-related counseling included fears of offending parents/ @entity1 (~54%) and appearing judgmental (~53%), lack of @entity1 acceptance of weight-loss advice from dentists (~47%), not enough trained personnel to provide counseling (~43%), and insufficient time (~28%). Multivariable predictors of providing weight-related counseling included female sex, Hispanic ethnicity, nongroup practice setting, practice ownership, and dentist self-reported normal- or underweight status. CONCLUSIONS: Primary barriers to weight-related counseling cited by pediatric dentists reflect concerns about offending @entity1 and caregivers. Training and counseling addressing these concerns may help boost counseling rates.

title: US pediatric dentists' counseling practices in addressing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14957 is a rare but well-delineated clinical syndrome of pathological @entity427 response and neonatal @entity4372 . Many cases result from mutations in the alpha 1 subunit of the @entity2228 receptor ( @entity41681 ). METHOD: The clinical features, management and recent genetic studies of @entity14957 are reviewed. RESULTS: Diagnosis of the disorder should not be difficult, if one is aware of the syndrome. The treatment of first choice is with the @entity1245 drug @entity2053 , which often causes a dramatic although incomplete diminution of @entity427 . Both recessive and dominant mutations in @entity41681 have been found in affected individuals. The study of @entity19 mutants with @entity427 phenotypes suggests that the remainder of cases may well be due to mutations in the beta subunit of the @entity2228 receptor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14957 is the first @entity1 disease shown to result from mutations within a neurotransmitter gene. The demonstration of both dominant and recessive inheritance resulting from different mutations in the same gene is of considerable interest, as other @entity146 may result from mutations in ligand-gated ion channels. Mutation analysis of @entity41681 is also likely to be useful as an aid to genetic counselling and in diagnostic evaluation of neonatal @entity4372 .

title: @entity14957 : abnormal @entity427 response due to XXXX receptor mutations.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonia']

entities_list: @entity14957 :: ('MESH:D016750', 'Disease') :: ['hyperekplexia', 'Hyperekplexia']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity2228 :: (CHEBI:57305,Chemical) :: ['glycine']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with either unresectable primary @entity157 or hepatic metastases were entered into a chemoembolization program with @entity900 and @entity4831 ; 19 @entity1 were evaluable for response. Doses of @entity900 ranged from 40 to 100 mg/m2. @entity137 was tolerable and reversible and included @entity490 , transient elevation in serum @entity1011 , serum @entity648 , and serum transaminases. Less common side effects include fever, @entity843 or @entity1143 , and @entity11637 . Two of four @entity1 with @entity320 had partial responses. Duration of response was 10 and 11 months. Among 8 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 , 2 @entity1 had partial response for 10+ and 13 months, 2 had minor response for 2 months and 4+ months, 1 @entity1 had stable disease for 5+ months, and 3 @entity1 failed to respond. Of the six @entity694 @entity1 treated, one had a partial response in the liver, but developed progressive @entity66 , and another @entity1 had a partial response for 3 months. Chemoembolization of the liver with @entity900 and @entity4831 is feasible and doses of @entity900 at least 100 mg/m2 are tolerable. Antitumor activity in metastatic @entity320 is encouraging but requires further study.

title: A phase I study of chemoembolization with XXXX and @entity4831 for primary and metastatic liver cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECT: The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiosurgical outcomes in skull base @entity3580 and @entity511 , and to determine which @entity5 are appropriate for stereotactic radiosurgery as adjuvant therapy following maximum @entity5 resection. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 (48 lesions) were treated using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS); 27 had @entity3580 , seven had @entity511 , and three had radiologically diagnosed @entity3580 . The mean @entity5 volume was 20 ml, and the mean maximum and marginal doses were 28 and 14 Gy, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 97 months from diagnosis and 59 months from GKS. RESULTS: The actuarial 5- and 10-year survival rates after GKS were 80 and 53%, respectively. The actuarial 5- and 10-year local @entity5 control (LTC) rates after single or multiple GKS sessions were 76 and 67%, respectively. All @entity1 with low-grade @entity511 achieved good LTC. A @entity5 volume of less than 20 ml significantly affected the high rate of LTC (p = 0.0182). No @entity1 had adverse radiation effects, other than one in whom @entity1183 worsened despite successful @entity5 control. CONCLUSIONS: As an adjuvant treatment after resection, GKS is a reasonable option for selected @entity1 harboring skull base @entity3580 or @entity511 with a @entity41 volume of less than 20 ml. Dose planning with a generous treatment volume to avoid marginal treatment failure should be made at a marginal dose of at least 15 Gy to achieve long-term @entity5 control.

title: Gamma Knife surgery for skull base @entity3580 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas']

answer: @entity511 :: (MESH:D002813,Disease) :: ['chondrosarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of clinical outcome after @entity1167 is clinically important. While the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of @entity1187 is an active field of investigation, it is unknown whether microRNAs are associated with outcome in @entity1167 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, single-center proof-of-concept study. SETTING: Eighteen-bed adult general intensive care unit of an academic tertiary care hospital in Luxembourg. @entity1 : Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity1167 treated by therapeutic @entity2332 after cardiac resuscitation were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood samples were obtained at 48 hrs after @entity1167 for the determination of microRNA levels and @entity3508 . Neurological outcome was determined by the cerebral performance category at discharge from the intensive care unit and at 6-month follow-up. Analysis of microRNA arrays and quantitative assessment by polymerase chain reaction identified two microRNAs, @entity2853 and @entity10017 , overexpressed in @entity1 with poor neurological outcome (cerebral performance category 3-5, n = 14) compared to @entity1 with favorable neurological outcome (cerebral performance category 1-2, n = 14) (48-fold and three-fold, respectively). In vitro experiments showed that both @entity2853 and @entity10017 are produced by neuronal cells, indicating that the elevation of circulating levels of these microRNAs after @entity1167 may reflect @entity75 . @entity2853 and @entity10017 predicted neurological outcome with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. @entity1 within the highest third of @entity2853 or @entity10017 values had elevated mortality rate (p = .02). @entity3508 was an accurate predictor of neurological outcome (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.98) and mortality (p < .001). MicroRNA levels were not associated with @entity296 or activation of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: As compared to @entity3508 , circulating microRNAs are modest but significant predictors of neurological outcome and mortality in this small group of @entity1 with @entity1167 . This motivates assessing the prognostic value of microRNAs in larger cohorts of @entity1167 @entity1 .

title: Circulating microRNAs after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['Neuron-specific enolase', 'neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the significance of the surgical approaches in the prognosis of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) located in the caudate lobe with a multivariate regression analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity157 underwent caudate lobectomy at a single tertiary referral center between January 1995 and June 2010. In this series, left-sided, right-sided and bilateral approaches were used. The outcomes of @entity1 who underwent isolated caudate lobectomy or caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy were compared. The survival curves of the isolated and combined resection groups were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by a log-rank test. RESULTS: Sixteen (44.4%) of 36 @entity1 underwent isolated total or partial caudate lobectomy whereas 20 (55.6%) received a total or partial caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy. The median diameter of the @entity5 was 6.7 cm (range, 2.1-15.8 cm). @entity1 who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy had significantly longer operative time (240 min vs 170 min), longer length of hospital stay (18 d vs 13 d) and more @entity190 (780 mL vs 270 mL) than @entity1 who underwent a combined caudate lobectomy (P < 0.05). There were no perioperative @entity204 in both groups of @entity1 . The complication rate was higher in the @entity1 who underwent an isolated caudate lobectomy than in those who underwent combined caudate lobectomy (31.3% vs 10.0%, P < 0.05). The 1-, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival rates for the isolated caudate lobectomy and the combined caudate lobectomy groups were 54.5%, 6.5% and 0% and 85.8%, 37.6% and 0%, respectively (P < 0.05). The corresponding overall survival rates were 73.8%, 18.5% and 0% and 93.1%, 43.6% and 6.7% (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The caudate lobectomy combined with an additional partial hepatectomy is preferred because this approach is technically less demanding and offers an adequate surgical margin.

title: Choice of approach for hepatectomy for XXXX located in the caudate lobe: isolated or combined lobectomy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: 1. A model has been proposed of @entity5094 -induced hippocampal in vitro after-discharges; it depends critically upon @entity140 ( @entity140 ) and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in the recurrent excitatory connections between pyramidal neurones, and upon the ability of pyramidal neurones to generate bursts at about 10 Hz when their dendrites are sufficiently depolarized. 2. We study here the question of whether this model can account for spatial--as well as temporal--aspects of after-discharges in @entity840 hippocampal slices. For example, can the model explain the propagation along a transverse slice of the initial burst and the secondary bursts at about the same velocity, approximately 0.10-0.20 m s-1? Under what conditions might the secondary bursts exhibit a different spatial pattern to the initial burst, as we now show can occur in @entity3057 ? To examine these questions, we increased the number of cells in our model from 100 to 8000 (in a 20 x 400 array), arranging the excitatory synaptic connections in a spatially restricted fashion, with an average extent of 1.0 mm (as suggested experimentally). 3. Our model suggests that both @entity140 and @entity143 receptors contribute to the propagation pattern and velocity of the initial and the secondary bursts in an after-discharge. 4. When unitary @entity140 and @entity143 conductances are in the range where the primary burst lasts for 100-200 ms, and there are three or four secondary bursts, then both primary and secondary bursts propagate near to the experimentally observed velocity for transverse slices. In the model, however, secondary bursts propagate at somewhat slower velocities than the initial burst. 5. The mechanisms of propagation are different for the initial and for the secondary bursts: propagation of the primary burst depends upon the initiation of electrogenesis in 'resting' dendrites by @entity140 and @entity143 inputs that are rapidly increasing in time. Propagation of secondary bursts depends upon the timing of @entity460 spikes in depolarized dendrites with slowly varying @entity143 inputs; the timing of @entity460 spikes can be influenced by a 'wave' of @entity140 input, but @entity460 spikes--we predict--should occur even without the @entity140 input, once the after-discharge has been initiated. The blockade of firing in an intermediate region of the disinhibited slice is predicted to have different effects on the primary burst and on secondary bursts distal to the region of blockade.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Analysis of the propagation of disinhibition-induced after-discharges along the XXXX hippocampal slice in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid', 'AMPA']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal slices']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: @entity320 can @entity3 to the gallbladder and porta hepatic nodes and mimic @entity3123 . If one suspects @entity3 , a complete metastatic work-up must be done prior to surgery to prevent unnecessary surgery. If no distant disease is present or the @entity1 is symptomatic, @entity3 should be resected. PURPOSE: To review the literature pertaining to the spread of @entity320 and to determine if distant disease should be resected. @entity1 AND METHODS: A 44-yr-old Egyptian male presented to an outside institution with mid-epigastric and right upper quadrant @entity490 . His past medical history was significant for a left orbital enucleation for @entity2184 in 1982. On physical examination, there was no supraclavicular adenopathy and no @entity272 were noted. There was a mass in the right upper quadrant. The total @entity648 was 4.8 mg/dL. A computed tomography showed a mass in the head of the pancreas and portal vein involvement could not be determined. RESULTS: The @entity1 was taken to the operating room and a pancreatico-duodenectomy was performed for a @entity3928 in the head of the pancreas. Final pathology revealed @entity320 in the gallbladder and an enlarged, cystic lymph node growing into the head of the pancreas replaced with @entity320 . The @entity1 did well post-operatively and was discharged home on the eighth post-operative day.

title: Indications for surgical resection of metastatic XXXX . A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasize', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic melanoma', 'ocular melanoma', 'Ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['ocular melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent evidence indicates that reactive @entity26 species (ROS) can induce a wide type of cellular responses from proliferation to senescence and cell death. ROS may not be an absolute carcinogenic factor or @entity5 suppressor. The aim of this study was to assess the biological paradox of ROS in @entity14 cells. METHODOLOGY: Blood specimens were obtained from the drainage vein of the @entity5 during operation in 135 @entity1 with @entity14 . Serum ROS levels were measured using the derivatives of reactive @entity26 metabolites (d-ROM) test. RESULTS: Serum ROS levels increased significantly in @entity5 size larger than 40mm (p<0.01). On the other hand, serum ROS levels decreased significantly in @entity1 with @entity1600 (p<0.01). Multiple linear regression models showed a significant association of serum ROS levels with serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels (p<0.01) and @entity1600 (p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity14 cells, the increase of intracellular ROS is first associated with cell growth and invasion. However, a further @entity5 cell proliferation, whereas any decrease in ROS concentration needs to stimulate @entity1600 . Thus, a precise understanding how ROS are generated and involved in @entity1600 will help us to design better therapeutic strategies.

title: Suppression of reactive @entity26 species develops XXXX in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'increase inhibits cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: 1. Respiratory and circulatory functions of minimally clad @entity1 subjects were studied before and during acute exposure to ambient temperatures of 4.5-6.5 degrees C. 2. After 1 h of cold exposure, subjects showed increases of ventilation, O2 UPTAKE AND CARDIAC OUTPUT. Rectal temperatures fell. 3. During exercise in the cold conditions, @entity26 uptake and cardiac output were greater than during the same exercise at normal temperature. 4. The @entity5691 during cold exposure was achieved by an increase of @entity64 volume rather than heart rate; this finding is in contrast to changes during bicycle exercise and isometric exercise at normal ambient temperatures. 5. We conclude that the cardiorespiratory effects of cold exposure are not superseded by the response to moderate exercise. The difference between heart rate and @entity64 volume at increased levels of cardiac output during exercise at normal temperatures and during rest and exercise in cold conditions may be explained by changes of arterial baroreceptor input and of blood @entity2922 levels.

title: XXXX cardiorespiratory responses to acute cold exposure.

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyse the @entity166 of inpatient @entity6 in a general hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected retrospectively 233 records of @entity6 admitted during September, October and November 1990. There were 38 (16.3%) @entity1 with @entity281 , age 58.9 +/- 15.3 years, 29 (76.3%) were female, duration of @entity6 were 10.8 +/- 9.1 years and 86.3% (n = 33) were possibly DM type II. RESULTS: @entity1897 was the main cause of admission (42%). Forty infectious processes were analysed (two @entity1 had two sites of @entity281 ). Cultures were performed in 77.5% of the cases and no microorganism predominated, even when different sites of @entity281 were analysed. @entity293 were the most frequent one (55%, n = 22), and 86.4% (n = 19) of them were observed in female. @entity358 accounted for 71.4% of the cases of @entity295 which occurred in 18.4% (n = 7) of our population. All @entity1 with @entity295 died. CONCLUSION: Considering infections a worsening factor for @entity6 @entity1 we could conclude that it is important to perform some prophylatic measures to avoid them.

title: [Infection in hospitalized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2946 whose @entity5 involves the brain stem or has spread through the cerebrospinal fluid pathways to other areas of the brain or spinal cord have a poor prognosis despite therapy with surgery, craniospinal irradiation (CSI), and chemotherapy. Preradiation chemotherapy may improve the outlook for these @entity1 . METHODS: To further study the role and feasibility of preradiation chemotherapy, @entity1 between the ages of 4 and 21 years diagnosed with advanced @entity2946 and measurable disease were enrolled in the Pediatric Oncology Group 8695 study. @entity1 were treated with a 9-week course of @entity1891 , @entity900 , and @entity786 followed by CSI. Imaging films were reviewed centrally for eligibility and response to chemotherapy. @entity137 to chemotherapy and radiation as well as delays and modifications in subsequent CSI were recorded. RESULTS: Thirteen of 30 fully evaluable @entity1 achieved complete or partial response (43%) to chemotherapy. @entity137 was mostly @entity221 and @entity1398 after @entity786 , which is predictable and tolerable. Radiation therapy was delivered in full doses and volumes in most @entity1 but was delayed in its start in most @entity1 . Central review of films revealed frequent use of different imaging modalities at baseline and after therapy, making accurate assessment of @entity5 response difficult. CONCLUSION: Preradiation chemotherapy with @entity1891 , @entity900 , and @entity786 is active in @entity1 with advanced @entity2946 but should be modified to minimize the risk of progressive disease while on therapy and to avoid delays in starting radiation therapy. Consistent use of the same neuroimaging modality is essential in documenting response.

title: Preradiation chemotherapy in advanced XXXX . A Pediatric Oncology Group pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastoma']


abstract: Sucrase-isomaltase (SI) is a mucosal disaccharidase that is present in normal small intestine and fetal colon. It also has been noted in colonic @entity652 and @entity420 . We used a polyclonal antibody to @entity1 SI to investigate enzyme presence and utility in detecting @entity6349 changes in chronic @entity31 . Sections from 32 cases were reviewed for the presence or absence of active @entity1960 and @entity1141 . Immunostaining of these cases for SI was performed and the results were reported based on location of immunoreactivity (ie, membrane and cytoplasmic staining in superficial and crypt epithelial cells) and percentage of positivity. Of 81 sections examined, 48 were rated negative for @entity1141 (23 inactive @entity1960 , 20 active, and five probably negative) and 28 were rated positive (eight low grade and 20 high grade). Surface membrane staining of epithelial cells was noted in all 28 @entity357 and positive cases (sensitivity, 100%) but also in 29 of 48 negative sections (P less than .001). In contrast, cytoplasmic positivity was present in 25 of 28 @entity6349 and in only two of 48 negative slides (P less than .0001). The presence of cytoplasmic staining of SI in the superficial or crypt cells revealed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 94%. There were five additional sections rated as indefinite for @entity1141 (probably positive or unknown); two showed staining patterns typical of negative slides and three showed positive staining patterns. Of the 18 samples of transitional mucosa next to areas of @entity1141 , surface membrane staining of SI was seen in all samples and cytoplasmic staining was seen in 15. We conclude that membrane staining of SI can be detected in inflammatory, regenerative, and @entity6349 mucosa in @entity31 . Cytoplasmic staining, however, correlates strongly with the presence of @entity6349 change and may help in its detection.

title: Sucrase-isomaltase expression in chronic @entity31 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic slides']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: We report a case of @entity1661 in a young @entity1 wearing an intrauterine contraceptive device. The @entity1 presented with right lower @entity490 . A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Intraoperatively two perforations of the sigma were detected, a sigmoidectomy was performed. Postoperatively no problems occurred. Histology revealed an @entity1661 . In the literature only some case reports are published dealing with @entity1661 . @entity1 wearing intrauterine contraceptive devices seem to have a higher risk of @entity5850 . In unproblematic cases antibiotic therapy is the treatment of choice. In cases of doubt as in our case surgery is recommended to confirm the diagnosis.

title: [ @entity5850 of the sigmoid colon as the etiology of lower XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: Introduction. @entity1333 ( @entity1333 ) is a form of @entity12513 in which perivascular beta-amyloid in the intracerebral vessels is thought to act as a trigger for @entity32 mediated by @entity469 + macrophages and CD3+ T lymphocytes. @entity1 with severe @entity1333 may develop @entity772 responsive to immunosuppressive treatment. Case Presentation. A 57-year-old @entity1 presented to the neurological intensive care unit febrile, obtunded, and with a left @entity1269 . He had suffered from intermittent left arm weakness and @entity1183 for several months prior. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid studies showed a @entity491 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but no other evidence of @entity281 , and the @entity1 underwent a brain biopsy. Histopathological examination demonstrated @entity2333 , with an extensive perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, indicative of @entity1333 . The @entity1 was started on @entity786 and @entity230 . Following a week of treatment he awakened and over several weeks made a significant neurological recovery. Conclusions. @entity1333 can have a variety of clinical presentations, including @entity1662 and @entity772 . Accurate pathological diagnosis, followed by aggressive immunosuppression, can lead to impressive @entity16 . This diagnosis should be considered in @entity1 with paroxysmal recurrent neurological symptoms and an accelerated progression.

title: Amyloid b-Related XXXX Causing @entity772 Responsive to Immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['CNS vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['ABRA', 'Amyloid-beta-related angiitis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological improvements']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in consciousness']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Angiitis']


abstract: In order to examine the toxic effects on the pancreas of @entity26 free radicals which are generated at reperfusion after @entity63 , a short term- @entity63 /reperfusion model was prepared in @entity35 . Both the anterior mesenteric artery and the celiac artery were ligated and then released to restore blood flow. In a group where the anterior mesenteric and the celiac arteries were ligated for 60 minutes, the serum levels of amylase and @entity9112 rose 7 and 6 times, respectively, 7 hours after reperfusion. In a group ligated for 30 minutes, both levels remained unchanged. Histologically, vacuolization of the pancreatic acinar cells was observed, only in a group @entity35 ischemic for 7 hours. In @entity35 ligated for 60 minutes with a continuous venous infusion of @entity224 dismutase (SOD) (3600 U/Kg/hour), the secretion of amylase and @entity9112 decreased to 25 percent of that in the non-injected group. These results confirm that the @entity26 free radicals, which are generated by the short term- @entity63 /reperfusion method, injure the pancreas. This may lead to @entity788 with @entity12828 and hyperlipasemia. Pretreatment with an active @entity26 scavenger, SOD, markedly reduces the rise in serum amylase and @entity9112 levels. This suggests that active @entity26 free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of acute @entity788 .

title: [Effect of short-term- XXXX and reperfusion on the @entity35 pancreas].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']