abstract: The cardinal immunologic changes in @entity370 consist of @entity308 of @entity56 , hyperreactive circulating antibody responses and the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test phenomenon. @entity308 of @entity56 is demonstrated by skin tests using tuberculin, mumps, @entity5695 , trichophytin, @entity49291 , @entity3304 and Californian keyhole limpet hemocyanin. The cultured lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity308 of @entity56 react poorly to phytohemagglutinin, and there is a close correlation between anergy of lymphocytes in culture and by cutaneous anergy. In vivo cutaneous anergy mirrors in vitro cellular hyporeactivity. Other technics used to expose immunologic defects in peripheral lymphocytes of @entity1 with @entity370 include tests of T and B cell function, rosetie formation and migration inhibition. Whereas there is cutaneous anergy and impaired cellular immunity in @entity1 with @entity370 , the reverse holds for circulating factors. There are increased circulating immunoglobulin levels, increased circulating antibody levels to Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex, @entity2462 , measles and @entity15609 viruses, increase antibody response to mismatched blood and occasional false-positive Wassermann reactions, but there is no increase in circulating autoan tibodies. There is no evidence that @entity1 with @entity370 belong predominantly to any particular histocompatibility locus. Worldwide figures for the Kveim-Siltzbach skin test are presented. They provide evidence of its specificity in various international series. The causes of nonspecific reactions are discussed.

title: Immunology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity49291 :: ('MESH:C002767', 'Chemical') :: ['oidiomycin']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity440 , @entity1260 , @entity1259 , and @entity900 (TIEP) chemotherapy was conducted in @entity1 with chemonaive inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to assess response and @entity137 . From October 1997 to August 1998, 19 @entity1 were treated. The treatment schema included @entity440 60 mg twice daily by mouth on days 1 to 3, @entity1260 3 g/m2 intravenous infusion (IV) 60 minutes with mesna on day 2, @entity1259 50 mg/m2 IV bolus on day 2, and @entity900 60 mg/m2 IV 60 minutes on day 2 every 4 weeks for up to six cycles. All @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . The major @entity137 was myelosuppression; grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 or @entity1398 occurred in 14 of 19 (73.7%) @entity1 during treatment, and 6 @entity1 (31.6%) experienced @entity221 in association with the @entity1398 ; no toxic @entity204 occurred. Grade 3 @entity417 occurred in six @entity1 (31.6%) during the treatment. Grade 3 or 4 @entity390 / @entity391 occurred in only one @entity1 . @entity137 other than @entity1398 and @entity417 were minimal. After two cycles of treatment, 9 of 19 @entity1 attained a partial response (47.4%, 95% confidence interval 24.9%-69.9%) in this study. The median time to disease progression was 6 months and median survival time was 12 months. We conclude that TIEP is an active combination regimen with an acceptable @entity137 profile in Chinese @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 .

title: A phase II trial of @entity440 , XXXX , @entity1259 , and @entity900 combination chemotherapy for inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: We have shown previously that admixtures of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) and Intralipid ( @entity11015 -IL) obtained by vigorous and prolonged @entity2146 are stable and can be standardized. These preparations exhibited in-vitro activity against various Candida spp., and had significantly lower @entity137 . The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activity of @entity11015 -IL admixtures in vivo in comparison with the conventional formulation of @entity11015 ( @entity2379 ), using a @entity19 model of experimental systemic candidosis. ICR female @entity19 (4-6 weeks old) were injected iv with 5 x 10(4) @entity5132 @entity5132 . The animals developed a @entity281 (100%) within 10 days. Systemic candidosis was demonstrated by the presence of fungal elements in kidneys and spleen tissue, and by enumeration of cfu of Candida in the tissue homogenates. @entity11015 -IL or @entity11015 was administered iv 48 h post-Candida inoculation for 5 consecutive days. Four experiments with 108 @entity19 treated with @entity11015 5 x 0.4 mg/kg and followed up for 6 weeks, showed that the mean survival percentages at the end of the experiment were 0, 24.9 and 52.5% for the untreated group, conventional @entity11015 -treated and @entity11015 -IL-treated groups, respectively. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 7.4, 25 and 30 days for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated and @entity11015 -IL-treated groups, respectively. Use of increased doses of @entity11015 showed that conventional @entity11015 at doses greater than 5 x 1 mg/kg caused immediate @entity204 . @entity11015 -IL was used at doses of @entity11015 up to 5 x 2 mg/kg. Experiments with 104 @entity19 revealed that the mean survival percentage at the end of the experiment was 0, 34.5, 58.6 and 97% for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated (5 x 1 mg/kg), @entity11015 -IL-1-treated (5 x 1 mg/kg) and @entity11015 -IL-2-treated (5 x 2 mg/kg) groups, respectively. The @entity1349 was 7, 27.8, 34.8 and 41.4 days for the untreated, conventional @entity11015 -treated, @entity11015 -IL-1-treated and @entity11015 -IL-2-treated groups, respectively. The results of this study reveal that @entity11015 -IL is significantly more effective in treating systemic @entity19 candidosis than conventional @entity11015 .

title: Antifungal activity of @entity2379 -lipid admixtures in experimental systemic candidosis in naive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B', 'Fungizone']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['CBS 562', 'Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['lethal infection']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['mean survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['animal death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of @entity281 in Polish long-term care facilities (LTCFs) and to analyse the capabilities and legitimacy of implementing continuous targeted surveillance. METHODS: The study investigated the relationship between the presence of @entity281 and health status, tested using a @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) and incidence study. A 1-day @entity1166 was carried out in October 2009, with prospective continuous surveillance between December 2009 and November 2010. Infections were defined according to McGeer's criteria. RESULTS: The surveillance encompassed 193 @entity1 . The prevalence was 14.0 % in residential homes (RHs) and 18.7 % in the nursing home (NH). Various types of @entity281 (in the @entity1166 ) were observed significantly more frequently in @entity1 with @entity565 , wounds, @entity731 of lower extremities, tracheotomy tubes and conditions in @entity1 hospitalised in intensive care units (ICUs) up to 1 year before the @entity1166 day. The incidence rate was 2.7/1,000 @entity1 days (pds). CONCLUSIONS: The factors determined to be important for the risk of @entity281 (in the continuous study) include the general status of @entity1 , expressed using Barthel, abbreviated mental and Katz scales, as well as limited physical activity, stool incontinence and urinary catheterisation. In the @entity1166 study, only a slight relationship was shown between the general status of residents and the risk of @entity281 . None of the general status scales used clinically were shown to be helpful in estimating that risk, similarly to the five-point physical activity scale. Prospective continuous surveillance shows a possibility of limiting the range of @entity281 control in the LTCFs within targeted surveillance in a population of @entity1 that requires intensive nursing procedures. As a marker, one could point to the low score in the Barthel or Katz scales or low physical activity/bedridden @entity1 .

title: Infection control: XXXX versus incidence study in Polish long-term care facilities in 2009-2010 in the Ma  opolska Region.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['point prevalence study', 'PPS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity1166 :: (MESH:D016171,Disease) :: ['point prevalence study']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Cylex ImmuKnow (IK) assay provides a rapid and quantitative assessment of T-cell-mediated immune function. Studies have shown correlations between ImmuKnow assay and adverse events, such as immunosuppression and low or high calcineurin inhibitor trough levels. We investigated the correlation between IK changes and rejection or @entity281 in kidney transplant @entity1 and studied the potential application of the IK assays in optimizing individual immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: ImmuKnow assay was used to determine dynamic intracellular @entity855 changes in CD4 cells in 193 samples from 42 kidney transplant @entity1 and 25 healthy subjects. @entity1 were categorized into rejection, @entity281 , and event-free groups. The IK values were assayed and analyzed between kidney transplant @entity1 and healthy controls. RESULTS: Most IK values fell between 200 and 599 ng/mL from pre-transplantation to 30 months post-transplantation. The mean IK values continuously increased throughout 30 months. Incidental allograft rejection @entity1 had significantly higher IK values compared with the event-free @entity1 and controls. However, @entity281 @entity1 had significantly lower IK values. Seven days after treatment, IK values in rejection/ @entity281 @entity1 were different compared with the values in autograft @entity1 , and there was a significant correlation between calcineurin inhibitor ( @entity1140 ) trough levels and IK values in rejection/ @entity281 patients. Serum @entity1011 levels in the rejection @entity1 were significantly higher than those in the event-free @entity1 , and @entity1851 levels were significantly higher in the @entity281 @entity1 compared with the event-free @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The IK assay combined with other biomarkers can be used to identify kidney transplant @entity1 at high risk of rejection and @entity281 .

title: Immune function assay (ImmuKnow) as a predictor of allograft rejection and XXXX in kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: The effects of @entity1286 , @entity8561 ( @entity842 precursor) and @entity6462 ( @entity842 synthesis inhibitor ) and their concurrent therapy on @entity35 submandibular secretory function were studied. Pure submandibular saliva was collected intraorally by micro @entity691 cannula from anaesthetized @entity35 using @entity2134 as secretagogue. Single intraperitoneal injection of @entity1286 (6 mg kg(-1)) to @entity35 induced significant (P< 0.01) inhibition of salivary flow rate (28%), total protein (12%) and @entity460 concentrations (27%). Sodium output was increased (23%, P< 0.01). Single intraperitoneal administration of @entity8561 (100 mg kg(-1)) and @entity6462 (10 mg kg(-1)) affected salivary gland function. Saliva flow rate was reduced by @entity6462 (23%, P< 0.01). The total protein concentration of saliva was increased by @entity8561 (21%, P< 0.05) and decreased by @entity6462 (19%, P< 0.01). @entity460 concentration of saliva was increased by @entity8561 (25%, P< 0.01) and reduced by @entity6462 (21%, P< 0.01). In combination treatment, @entity8561 prevented (P< 0.01) @entity1286 -induced reduction of flow rate while @entity6462 potentiated it (P< 0.01). The secretion of total protein and @entity460 were influenced in a similar trend by concurrent therapy. @entity6462 potentiated @entity1286 -induced decrease of total protein and @entity460 concentrations (P< 0.01) while @entity8561 restored (P< 0.01) them to levels close to control and @entity1286 groups respectively. It is concluded that @entity1286 inhibits salivary gland function and @entity842 (NO) plays a positive role in this system. Also it is confirmed that @entity1286 inhibitory effects on submandibular function are somewhat restored by @entity8561 and expanded by @entity6462 . The modulatory effect of the @entity8561 /NO system on salivary gland function is suggested.

title: Protection by XXXX of @entity1286 -induced inhibition of @entity35 submandibular gland function.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: ImmunoCyt/uCyt (Scimedx, Denville, NJ, USA) is a well-established urinary marker assay with high sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and can function as a second-level test to arbitrate atypical reads of urine cytology. OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of uCyt as a reflex test for atypical cytology in @entity1 undergoing a @entity811 evaluation or surveillance with a history of @entity189 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The uCyt assay was performed as a second-level reflex test on all voided urine cytology tests read as atypical between January 2007 and June 2010 in an academic medical center. Records were retrospectively reviewed. Three hundred twenty-four @entity1 underwent a total of 506 uCyt assays. INTERVENTION: Reflex uCyt assay on atypical urine cytology. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The uCyt test characteristics include sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Reflex uCyt was performed on 506 atypical voided urine samples that were followed by cystoscopy within 90 d. Reflex uCyt with a history of @entity189 showed a sensitivity of 73%, a specificity of 49%, and an NPV of 80%. In those with a history of low-grade @entity189 , reflex uCyt had a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 50%, and an NPV of 82%, while in those with a history of high-grade @entity189 , it had a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 44%, and an NPV of 79%. Without prior history of @entity189 , reflex uCyt had a sensitivity of 85%, a specificity of 59%, and an NPV of 94%. This study's limitations include its retrospective design and interobserver variability inherent to cystoscopy, which was used as the reference test. CONCLUSIONS: When used as a reflex test on atypical urine cytology, negative uCyt may predict a negative cystoscopy in select @entity1 and modulate the urgency and further work-up in those with no prior history or low-grade disease.

title: Reflex ImmunoCyt testing for the diagnosis of bladder cancer in XXXX with atypical urine cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) in 202 @entity21130 was measured and correlated to maturity and body weight. The mean @entity5562 at birth was 9.0 cm. The average body weight was 2642 g. Fetal maturity was determined by Petrussa score, serving as an estimate for gestational age. The mean gestational age of the 202 newborns was 39 weeks. The average body weight of the mature babies (gestational age 38-40 weeks) was 2765 g. All babies less than 38 weeks of gestation were born with a low birth weight (LBW < or = 2500 g) except for one. The LBW-babies comprised 34 per cent of the total births. About two-thirds of all LBW-babies (62 per cent) were born small for date, only 38 per cent preterm. Regression analysis of the data set was performed resulting in significant models of estimates of gestational age and body weight from @entity5562 as well as body weight from gestational age. In a baby older than 35 weeks of gestation a body weight of more than 1500 g can be expected. With regard to maturity (> or = weeks) and body weight (> or = 1500 g) there is a good chance of survival when the @entity5562 exceeds 7.5 cm. The analysis of our data denotes that tables from industrialized countries relating gestational age to sonographically measured @entity5562 are not applicable for pregnancies in developing countries.

title: Biparietal diameter, fetal maturity, and body weight in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'biparietal diameter']

entities_list: @entity21130 :: ('MESH:D006475', 'Disease') :: ['rural Tanzanian newborns']

answer: @entity21130 :: (MESH:D006475,Disease) :: ['rural Tanzanian newborns']


abstract: Addiction to psychostimulants, including @entity2072 and @entity4944 , is associated with dysregulation of @entity935 and @entity750 ( @entity750 ) neurotransmitter systems. Neuroadaptations in these systems vary depending on the stage of the drug taking-abstinence-relapse cycle. Consequently, the effects of potential treatments that target these systems may vary depending on whether they are given during abstinence or relapse. In this review, we discuss evidence that @entity935 D3 receptors (D3Rs) and 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1 @entity4375 ) are dysregulated in response to both chronic psychostimulant use and subsequent abstinence. We then review findings from preclinical self-administration models which support targeting D3Rs and 5-HT1 @entity4375 as potential medications for @entity734 . Potential side effects of the treatments are discussed and attention is given to studies reporting positive treatment outcomes that depend on: 1) whether testing occurs during self-administration versus abstinence, 2) whether escalation of drug self-administration has occurred, 3) whether the treatments are given repeatedly, and 4) whether social factors influence treatment outcomes. We conclude that D3/D2 agonists may decrease psychostimulant intake; however, side effects of D3/D2R full agonists may limit their therapeutic potential, whereas D3/D2R partial agonists have fewer undesirable side effects. D3-selective antagonists may not reduce psychostimulant intake during relapse, but nonetheless, may decrease motivation for seeking psychostimulants with relatively few side-effects. 5-HT1BR agonists provide a striking example of treatment outcomes that are dependent on the stage of the addiction cycle. Specifically, these agonists initially increase @entity2072 's reinforcing effects during maintenance of self-administration, but after a period of abstinence they reduce psychostimulant seeking and the resumption of self-administration. In conclusion, we suggest that factors contributing to dysregulation of @entity1154 systems, including drug history, abstinence, and social context, should be considered when evaluating potential treatments to better model treatment effects in @entity1 . This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.

title: XXXX D3 and 5-HT1B receptor dysregulation as a result of psychostimulant intake and forced abstinence: Implications for medications development.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['psychostimulant dependence']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) is an established risk factor for @entity0 . HRT users are different from non-users with respect to socio-economic and other characteristics. There may be @entity1 where the HRT-related risk could be modulated by other factors. METHODS: We conducted a population-based case-control study with 688 @entity0 cases and 724 controls to characterize HRT users and to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for HRT use and potentially risk modifying factors. RESULTS: In @entity1 aged 50 years and older, 58% of controls and 61% of cases ever used HRT. Among @entity1 in natural menopause, HRT use for 10 years and more years was associated with an increased @entity0 risk (OR 1.79, 95% CI, 1.12-2.87), but not among @entity1 in @entity7793 (OR 0.61, 95% CI, 0.09-4.17). In the subgroup of @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 , each year of HRT use increased the risk by 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02-1.47). Another subgroup comprised @entity1 with at least 10 diagnostic mammograms (OR 4.04, 95% CI, 1.10-14.81 for using HRT 10 or more years). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term HRT use was associated with a @entity0 risk in @entity1 with natural menopause. Our findings suggest that this risk may be increased in @entity1 with a positive family history of @entity0 and in @entity1 who received frequent diagnostic mammographic screens.

title: Factors modifying the association between hormone-replacement therapy and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['surgical menopause']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIMS: Separate analysis of endocardial and epicardial @entity296 has become possible using strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance (SENC) and 2D-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (Echo). This study evaluated and compared both modalities for the assessment of infarct transmurality as defined by late @entity2287 enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). METHODS AND RESULTS: In 29 @entity1 (age 62.4    11.7 years, 23 male) with @entity296 , SENC using 1.5 T CMR and Echo were performed. Peak circumferential systolic strain of the endocardial and the epicardial layer of 304 myocardial segments was assessed by SENC and by Echo. The segmental transmurality of @entity583 was determined as relative amount of LGE (0%: no @entity1188 ; 1-50%: non-transmural @entity1188 ; 51-100%: transmural @entity1188 ). Endocardial and epicardial strain defined by SENC and by Echo differed significantly between segments of different infarct transmurality determined by CMR. Endocardial layer circumferential strain analysis by Echo and by SENC allowed distinction of segments with non-transmural @entity1188 from non-infarcted segments with similar accuracy [area under the curve (AUC) 0.699 vs. 0.649, respectively, P = 0.239]. Epicardial layer circumferential strain analysis by Echo and by SENC allowed distinction of transmural from non-transmural @entity583 defined by LGE CMR with similar accuracy (AUC 0.721 vs. 0.664, respectively, P = 0.401). Endocardial strain by SENC correlated moderately with endocardial strain by Echo (r = 0.50; standard error of estimate = 5.2%). CONCLUSION: Layer-specific analysis of @entity296 by Echo and by SENC allows discrimination between different transmurality categories of @entity583 with similar accuracy. However, accuracy of both methods is non-optimal, indicating that further tools for improvement should be evaluated in the future.

title: Layer-specific analysis of XXXX for assessment of infarct transmurality: comparison of strain-encoded cardiovascular magnetic resonance with 2D speckle tracking echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial layer deformation', 'ischaemic cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial deformation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1994 (v-akt @entity19 thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1) kinase is one of the most frequently activated proliferated and survival pathway of @entity5 . Recently it has been shown that @entity29837 mutation in the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain of @entity1994 protein leads to @entity5 by amplifying the phosphorylation and membrane localization of protein. The mutant has shown resistance to @entity46845 inhibitor VIII drug molecule. In this study we have demonstrated the detailed structural and molecular consequences associated with the activity regulation of mutant protein. METHODS: The docking score exhibited significant loss in the interaction affinity to @entity46845 inhibitor VIII drug molecule. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation studies presented an evidence of rapid conformational drift observed in mutant structure. RESULTS: There was no stability loss in mutant as compared to native structure and the major cation-   interactions were also shown to be retained. Moreover, the active residues involved in membrane localization of protein exhibited significant rise in NHbonds formation in mutant. The rise in NHbond formation in active residues accounts for the 4-fold increase in the membrane localization potential of protein. CONCLUSION: The overall result suggested that, although the mutation did not induce any stability loss in structure, the associated pathological consequences might have occurred due to the rapid conformational drifts observed in the mutant @entity1994 PH domain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The methodology implemented and the results obtained in this work will facilitate in determining the core molecular mechanisms of @entity5 -associated mutations and in designing their potential drug inhibitors.

title: Cancer associated @entity29837 mutation causes rapid conformational drift in XXXX pleckstrin homology (PH) domain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29837 :: ('p|SUB|E|17|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E17K']

answer: @entity1994 :: (11651(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AKT1']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to compare primary repair procedure with those that use bio-concordant materials in the treatment of urethrocutaneous @entity292 . Twenty-five @entity95 were randomly placed into five groups (primary repair, free graft, allograft fascia lata, alloderm and @entity291 pericardium repair groups). A single dose of 20 mg/kg of @entity2756 was applied intramuscularly as a prophylactic dose. Urethrocutaneous @entity292 was formed on midpenile level. Later, while primary repair was applied in one group, repair with free grafts and with other bio-concordant materials were performed in other groups. Urinary diversion was not used in any of the @entity95 . The macroscopic observation was evaluated with urethrography obtained 21 days after the operation and then the @entity95 were sacrificed. A total point was obtained by awarding a point to each good parameter in the histopathological evaluation and all the groups were compared. The urethrographic findings and macroscopic examinations were normal in all groups. In histopathological examinations, ranging from the best to worst results, @entity291 pericardium group (8 points) had a better total score than primary repair group (7 points), allograft fascia lata group (7 points) and alloderm group (7 points). The free graft group had the worst total point (6 points). Bio-concordant materials can be used in urethrocutaneous @entity292 repair as an alternative to primary repair or to the grafts obtained from body tissues.

title: A comparison of free skin graft, fascia lata, alloderm, XXXX pericardium and primary repair in urethrocutaneous fistulas without diversion: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxon']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Soft tissue @entity242 are a group of rare mesenchymal neoplasms comprising 0.8% of all @entity5 . Workup should include medical history, physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging, biopsy, and thoracoabdominal computed tomography scan, in that order. Centralized multimodality treatment in a cross-disciplinary setting is mandatory. Treatment not according to current clinical practice guidelines is a common problem before referral to a specialized institution. The purpose of this 10-year, single-institution review was to investigate the influence of curative surgery on outcome, with a special emphasis on surgery before referral. A cohort of 266 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for soft tissue @entity242 between 1998 and 2008 was analyzed. One hundred thirty-one (49%) @entity1 underwent surgery contrary to current clinical guidelines before referral, most (73%) at primary care units. One hundred thirteen (86%) of these @entity1 underwent surgery without previous biopsy with a higher rate of intralesional margins (P<.001), a smaller mean diameter of @entity75 (P<.001), a higher rate of subcutaneous situs (P<.001), a lower mean American Joint Committee on @entity5 score (P=.008), a higher rate of additional plastic surgery after re-resection (eg, flap surgery) (P<.001), and a longer period before referral (P<.001). No influence on survival, local recurrence, or @entity3 existed. Prereferral surgery necessitating re-resection has no influence on survival but leads to an unfavorable clinical course. More effort should be made to improve awareness and referral modalities for general practitioners and physicians at community hospitals.

title: Influence of prereferral surgery in soft tissue XXXX : 10 years' experience in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the @entity943 profile in survivors of @entity583 in whom recanalization of the @entity1188 was attempted. 127 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomized to intravenous and intracoronary thrombolysis with or without transluminal coronary angioplasty. 84 of them, aged 54 +/- 9 years, had angiographic control, 24-hour Holter electrocardiographic monitoring and programmed electrical stimulation 4 weeks after @entity1188 . The study protocol of programmed electrical stimulation included single and double extrastimuli at 2 driving cycle lengths. The end point was the induction of @entity1165 with 10 and more beats. During @entity1188 28 @entity1 had @entity432 of the left anterior descending, 12 of the circumflex and 44 of the right coronary artery. Holter monitoring revealed both frequent (greater than 100 ventricular premature complexes per 24 hours) and repetitive ( @entity3480 , IVB) @entity943 in 23 @entity1 (27%). Inducible @entity1165 (greater than 6 beats) was found in 25 @entity1 (30%), which was sustained in 4 @entity1 . According to the angiographic results two groups of @entity1 could be identified: group A consisted of 64 @entity1 who showed primary recanalization of the @entity1188 with persistent patency at control. Group B consisted of 20 @entity1 who showed late reopening (n = 5) or a closed @entity1188 (n = 15) due to late reocclusion in 9 of them. Frequent @entity1540 occurred in 18 group A and in 5 group B @entity1 (n.s.). Repetitive @entity1540 were found in 21 group A and in 2 group B @entity1 (P less than 0.05). Inducible @entity1165 was observed in 17 @entity1 of group A (27%) and in 8 @entity1 of group B (40%) (n.s.). The incidence of spontaneous and stimulus-induced @entity943 was not influenced by the type of recanalization procedure. Furthermore no relation to the time interval between onset of preinfarct @entity951 and angiographically demonstrated reperfusion of the @entity1188 was found. The @entity1 in the two groups did not differ with respect to left ventricular ejection fraction, number of abnormal contracting wall segments or site of @entity1188 . It is concluded that reperfusion @entity1188 does not differ from @entity1188 due to permanent @entity432 with respect to inducible @entity1165 but may favor repetitive ectopic activity.

title: Outcome of primary coronary recanalization and XXXX profile in survivors of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related vessel', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature contractions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to examine the incidence of bone-marrow microinvolvement in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 and its correlation with @entity5 recurrence and prognosis. METHODS: Between March 1997 and August 1998, we analysed 96 bone-marrow specimens (from the posterior iliac crest) of @entity1149 @entity1 before surgery. @entity5 differentiation showed well differentiated @entity189 in six, moderately differentiated @entity189 in 69, and poorly differentiated @entity189 in 21. p-TNM staging showed stage Ia in five, stage Ib in 33, stage IIb in 19, stage IIIa in 26, stage IIIb in eight, and stage IV in five. The specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-human cytokeratin @entity1325 / @entity1326 and clone MNF116 mixed solution (Ab1, n=96) and/or Ber-EP4 (Ab2, n=80) to detect the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the bone marrow. RESULTS: Positive results were observed in 21 @entity1 (21. 9%). The occurrence of bone-marrow microinvolvement was not related to @entity1 age, sex, cell type, or TNM status. The 30-month disease-free survival rates were 50.2% and 53.9% in bone-marrow negative and bone-marrow positive @entity1 , respectively (P=0.5670); the 30-month cumulative survival rates were 66.7% and 67.6% in bone-marrow negative and bone-marrow positive @entity1 , respectively (P=0.9351). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate bone-marrow microinvolvement as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that bone-marrow microinvolvement is not unusual, and its occurrence cannot be translated into early @entity5 recurrence or poor outcome during an intermediate-term follow-up, which means bone-marrow microinvolvement may be an epiphenomenon rather than true metastasis in @entity1149 .

title: Bone-marrow microinvolvement in XXXX is not a reliable indicator of @entity5 recurrence and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Although @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with @entity3483 (M1a) is generally contraindicated for surgery, several reports have demonstrated favorable prognosis. This study aimed to describe the results of surgical intervention in this disease. In this retrospective study, we evaluated @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3483 selected from Surveillance Epidemiology and End-Results database (SEER). @entity5 resection was compared to no @entity5 resection in the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity2 -specific survival (LCSS). Multivariate analyses and propensity score matching were applied to compare the two groups. The study included 2,217 eligible @entity1 . @entity5 resection group was significantly associated with better @entity1349 and LCSS compared to no @entity5 resection group (the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), 20 vs 7 months; @entity1349 , p <0.001; LCSS, p <0.001). Multivariable analyses indicated that no primary @entity5 resection was associated with decreased @entity1349 (Hazard Ratio (HR), 2.136; p<0.001) and LCSS (HR, 2.053; p<0.001). In propensity score-matched pairs, better @entity1349 and LCSS were further validated in @entity1 with @entity3483 who underwent primary @entity5 resection compared to no @entity5 resection ( @entity1349 , 20 vs 6 months; @entity1349 , p <0.001; LCSS, p <0.001). Similarly, multivariable analyses also indicated that no primary @entity5 resection was associated with decreased @entity1349 (HR, 2.309; p <0.001) and LCSS (HR, 2.301; p <0.001) for @entity1 with @entity3483 . In conclusion, the prognosis after contraindicated surgery of @entity1149 @entity1 with @entity3483 (M1a) may be better than expected. Thus, subsequent studies should aim to identify @entity1 who could benefit from surgery.

title: The prognosis after contraindicated surgery of @entity1149 XXXX with @entity3483 (M1a) may be better than expected.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3483 :: ('MESH:D016066', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral malignant pleural effusion', 'malignant pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival', 'median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Complete unilateral loss of vestibular function results in a phase advance (reduced time constant) of the horizontal slow-phase @entity346 response to @entity717 . The objective of this study was to determine whether partial losses of lateral semicircular canal function would result in proportional reductions in the time constant. SETTING AND STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of consecutive @entity1 ' records at two tertiary referral centers for @entity394 . @entity1 : Four hundred fifty-four @entity1 who presented for evaluation of vertigo or imbalance or both and who were found to have partial or complete unilateral canal paresis on caloric testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In 372 @entity1 , the gain and time constant of the horizontal @entity346 response was measured using a 5-second velocity ramp of constant yaw- @entity2270 acceleration. Caloric responses to standard bithermal irrigations at 30 degrees and 44 degrees were obtained using an open-loop irrigation system. In a second group of 82 @entity1 , the gain and time constant of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex were measured using a sum-of-sines (pseudorandom) yaw- @entity2270 acceleration. The caloric response was measured using a closed-loop system. RESULTS: In both groups, the peak gain of the @entity346 response was independent of the level of the canal paresis. However, the time constant of the response both toward and away from the lesioned side decreased proportionally with increasing canal paresis. CONCLUSION: This result supports the hypothesis that bilateral symmetrical peripheral vestibular input is a necessary condition for the mechanisms or processes underlying normal horizontal slow-phase velocity storage.

title: Time constant of @entity346 slow-phase velocity to XXXX as a function of the severity of unilateral caloric paresis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['yaw-axis rotation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['yaw-axis rotation']


abstract: It is well known that the GABAergic and noradrenergic systems play an important role in blood pressure and heart rate regulation. @entity1245 and @entity48916 , respectively, increase or decrease the probability of @entity2865 -channel opening induced by @entity1246 . The aim of this study was to determine, in conscious @entity35 , the interaction existing between the central alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation induced by @entity1338 and the facilitation or impairment of @entity1245 receptor activity through the administration of either @entity3175 , a @entity1245 receptor agonist, or @entity25528 ( @entity25528 ), an inverse @entity1245 agonist. @entity1338 (5-10 microg, intracerebroventricularly) reduced heart rate and increased mean blood pressure by activation of central alpha2-adrenoceptors. @entity3175 (2 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.)) induced an increase in heart rate, while @entity25528 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) elicited a bradycardic effect. The bradycardic effects induced by both @entity1338 and @entity25528 were antagonized by the prior administration of @entity9966 (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.). @entity25528 (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) prevented the @entity1338 effects on heart rate and mean blood pressure, while @entity3175 (2 mg/kg, i.v.) failed to modify these effects. Our results suggest that the bradycardic effects of @entity1338 are mediated by a vagal stimulation and are related to the activation of a GABAergic pathway.

title: Central @entity1245 involvement in XXXX cardiovascular actions.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine', 'clonidine']

entities_list: @entity25528 :: ('MESH:C034818', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate', 'DMCM']

entities_list: @entity48916 :: ('MESH:D002243', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carbolines']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methylatropine']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: Genetic and molecular studies have identified two different @entity1372 channel genes in @entity238 , para and @entity48356 . The functional contributions of the para-encoded channel have been inferred from analysis of mutant phenotypes. However, no mutations of @entity48356 have been identified, so the in vivo functions of the channel it encodes are not yet known. To learn more about the possible functions of @entity48356 in the @entity238 nervous system compared with those of para, we have characterized the expression patterns of these two @entity1372 channel genes at embryonic, larval, pupal, and adult stages by tissue in situ hybridization, para encodes the predominant type of @entity1372 channel and is ubiquitously transcribed throughout the CNS and PNS at all developmental stages. The expression pattern of @entity48356 is very different from para during @entity2971 during which there are very few @entity48356 -expressing cells in either the CNS or PNS. Double-labeling studies suggest that some of these cells are non-neuronal. However, in pupal and adult stages, para and @entity48356 have completely overlapping patterns of expression in the CNS and retina. In the pupal and adult, PNS expression of these genes is still distinct because only para transcripts are detected in wing sensory neurons. The strong and widespread expression of @entity48356 in the CNS of pupae and adults suggests that the @entity48356 channels are likely to provide an important function in neurons during these stages. Since most, if not all, neurons in the pupal and adult CNS express both para and @entity48356 , these two @entity1372 channel genes probably subserve distinct functions within these cells. Our results provide the background for elucidating the respective in vivo contributions of para and @entity48356 to neuronal excitability and for dissecting the regulatory mechanisms that underlie their different patterns of expression.

title: Spatial and temporal expression patterns of two @entity1372 channel genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic and larval stages']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: PURPOSE: This retrospective study assesses the predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify high risk cervical @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: The MRI evaluation of morphologic risk factors in @entity1 with @entity189 treated with definitive radiation therapy were correlated with clinical factors and with complete @entity5 regression (CTR) at 6 months, @entity5 local control (TLC), and @entity1 outcome at 12 months after irradiation. Sixty-six @entity1 , median age 44.5 years, with bulky Stage I or greater disease were included in the study. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, clinical International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage had significant correlation with @entity1 outcome, but it correlated poorly with complete @entity5 regression and @entity5 local control. In contrast, MRI stage showed significant correlation with complete @entity5 regression, @entity5 local control, and disease-free survival at 12 months. When each stage was analyzed separately, the greatest difference was demonstrated between clinical and MRI assignment of stage Ib disease. MRI Stage Ib disease significantly correlated with all three categories analyzed, while clinical Stage Ib did not. Superiority of MRI assessment of low stage disease was also evident in the detection of lymph node @entity3 . Significant risk for nodal @entity3 was related to @entity5 size greater than 4 cm, invasion of the parametria and urinary bladder, and stage of the disease. CONCLUSION: The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the most related variables in order of significance were the presence of juxta-regional and paraaortic lymph nodes, @entity1 age, @entity5 size, and @entity5 stage. This study demonstrates the value of MR imaging as an adjunct to clinical assessment of bulky @entity3 , rendering more complete assessment of morphologic risk factors important in @entity1 prognosis.

title: XXXX : predictive value of clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging assessment of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'MRI tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'invasive cervical cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : Substantial regional variations in health-care spending exist across the United States; yet, care and outcomes are not better in higher-spending areas. Most studies have focused on care in fee-for-service Medicare; whether spillover effects exist in settings without financial incentives for more care is unknown. OBJECTIVE: : We studied care for @entity5 @entity1 in fee-for-service Medicare and the Veterans Health Administration (VA) to understand whether processes and outcomes of care vary with area-level Medicare spending. DESIGN: : An observational study using logistic regression to assess care by area-level measures of Medicare spending. SUBJECTS: : @entity1 with lung, @entity14 diagnosed during 2001-2004 in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) areas or the VA. The SEER cohort included fee-for-service Medicare @entity1 aged older than 65 years. MEASURES: : Recommended and preference-sensitive @entity5 care and mortality. RESULTS: : In fee-for-service Medicare, higher-spending areas had higher rates of recommended care (curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage @entity1149 and chemotherapy for @entity5 ) and preference-sensitive care (chemotherapy for stage IV lung and @entity694 and primary treatment of @entity263 ) and had lower @entity2 mortality. In the VA, we observed minimal variation in care by area-level Medicare spending. DISCUSSION: : Our findings suggest that intensity of care for Medicare beneficiaries is not driving variations in VA care, despite some overlap in physician networks. Although the Dartmouth Atlas work has been of unprecedented importance in demonstrating variations in Medicare spending, new measures may be needed to better understand variations in other populations.

title: Area-level variations in XXXX care and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['local/regional prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, or prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Not all antihypertensive drugs induce regression of left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 in @entity101 , although they may equally lower blood pressure. The effects of alpha 1-blockers on regression have been inconsistent. In this study, @entity10820 , a selective alpha 1-blocker, (15 mg/kg/day in food) was given to male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) from 15 to 35 weeks of age to evaluate its effects on @entity1283 , hemodynamics, and neurohumoral factors. Age- and sex-matched SHR served as controls. LV function and cardiac output were determined by a micromanometer and thermodilution, respectively. @entity10820 significantly decreased blood pressure in conscious @entity35 (from 209 to 192 mmHg, p < 0.01) but did not reduce LV mass. Heart rate, LV end-diastolic pressure, dp/dtmax, and cardiac output were similar in the 2 groups. Plasma @entity3449 activity was unaltered but plasma @entity1063 levels were higher in the treated @entity35 (p < 0.05). Thus, @entity10820 produced a significant relative @entity551 but did not reverse @entity4346 in SHR. Inadequate afterload reduction (8%) due to severe @entity101 (> 200 mmHg) may explain the absence of regression. The rise of plasma @entity1063 levels may also offset the beneficial effects of @entity10820 .

title: Long-term alpha 1 blockade does not reverse @entity1283 in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['Bunazosin', 'bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: CONTEXT: Monopolar transurethral resection of prostate (M-TURP) is considered the gold standard for the management of @entity1876 due to @entity1067 . Its newly introduced modification, bipolar TURP (B-TURP), promises to overcome its most prominent shortcomings, namely @entity548 and dilutional @entity2753 . Literature is conflicting regarding merits of B-TURP over M-TURP. AIMS: To find a difference, if any, in perioperative outcomes between M-TURP and B-TURP in a real-wold setting. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Operative outcomes of @entity1 undergoing M-TURP and B-TURP from February 2014 to October 2015 were compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Categorical data were compared by Fischer exact test and numerical data were compared by independent samples Mann-Whitney U-test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean size of prostate operated by bipolar technology was significantly greater than those operated by monopolar technology (38.12    9.59 cc vs. 66.49    22.95 cc; P < 0.001). The mean fall in postoperative serum @entity1372 concentration was 0.99    0.76 mEq/L for the B-TURP group as compared to 3.60    2.89 mEq/L for the M-TURP group (P < 0.001). The mean drop in postoperative hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.28) was statistically insignificant, even though larger glands were operated by B-TURP. There were three instances of the transurethral @entity751 in the M-TURP group whereas no @entity751 occurred in the B-TURP group. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of various contrary viewpoints in literature, surgeons prefer to operate on larger prostates using bipolar technology. B-TURP definitely reduces the incidence of @entity548 and dilutional @entity2753 , making it a contender to replace M-TURP as the new gold standard.

title: Monopolar versus bipolar transurethral resection of prostate for XXXX : Operative outcomes and surgeon preferences, a real-world scenario.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['resection (TUR) syndrome', 'TUR syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: Despite the prevalence of uterine fibroids (Fs), few studies have investigated the links between clinical features and the cellular or molecular mechanisms that drive F growth and development. Such knowledge will ultimately help to differentiate symptomatic from asymptomatic Fs and could result in the development of more effective and individualized treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ultrasound appearance, blood flow, and angiogenic gene expression in F, perifibroid (PM), and distant myometrial (DM) tissues. We hypothesized that angiogenic gene expression would be increased in tissues and @entity1 that showed increased blood flow by Doppler ultrasound. The study was performed using Doppler ultrasound to measure blood flow prior to hysterectomy, with subsequent tissue samples from the F, PM, and DM being investigated for angiogenic gene expression. Overall, PM blood flow (measured as peak systolic velocity [PSV]) was higher than F blood flow, although significant heterogeneity was seen in vascularity and blood flow between different Fs and their surrounding myometrium. We did not find any correlation between PSV and any other clinical or molecular parameter in this study. We identified 19 angiogenesis pathway-related genes with significant differences in expression between F and DM, and 2 genes, @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and @entity11916 ( @entity11916 ), that were significantly different between F and PM. These results are consistent with subtle differences between PM and DM. Understanding the differences between symptomatic versus asymptomatic Fs may eventually lead to more effective treatments that directly target the source of heavy @entity548 .

title: Fibroid-associated heavy XXXX : correlation between clinical features, Doppler ultrasound assessment of vasculature, and tissue gene expression profiles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9', 'MMP9']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['menstrual bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current recommended first-line regimen to treat @entity2954 is @entity2756 in combination with either @entity4580 or @entity3403 . @entity4580 is the preferred second agent. We retrospectively measured and compared @entity2954 retreatment rates between @entity1 receiving @entity2756 plus @entity4580 and those receiving @entity2756 plus @entity3403 . METHODS: Using data from public sexually transmitted disease clinics for @entity1 treated for @entity2954 in Baltimore, Maryland, between January 2004 and December 2011, we measured time to retreatment from the date the @entity2756 regimen was received. Censoring occurred on the earlier of 2 years posttreatment or March 31, 2012. Survival analysis methods were used to compare retreatment rates. RESULTS: One tenth (9.9%; n = 4457) of @entity1 were retreated within 2 years. Treatment regimen was not related to time to retreatment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.69-1.12). @entity1 receiving expedited partner therapy (EPT) were 45% less likely to be retreated (aHR, 0.55 [0.31-0.96]) compared with @entity1 treated before EPT became available. A subanalysis among @entity1 retested for @entity2954 within 90 and 30 days found retreatment rates of 18.8% (n = 91/485) and 13.5% (n = 19/140), respectively. The 90-day cohort showed no association with treatment regimen (aHR, 0.95 [0.55-1.65]); however, all of the retreated @entity1 in the 30-day cohort had received the @entity3403 regimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2954 retreatment was common, highlighting the need for rescreening and better partner therapies. The protective effect of EPT further underscores the need for effective oral therapies. @entity4580 may be preferable as the second agent to treat @entity2954 , although @entity3403 seems to be a reasonable alternative.

title: Retreatment rates for uncomplicated @entity2954 : comparing XXXX and @entity4580 versus @entity2756 and @entity3403 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['Gonorrhea', 'gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

answer: @entity2756 :: (MESH:D002443,Chemical) :: ['ceftriaxone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) represents a common late complication of prostate surgery, however so far insufficiently assessed in the available literature. More over, the previously attempted and analyzed therapeutic modalities failed to achieve acknowledgement as standard treatment for this particular pathology. METHODS: The bipolar plasma vaporization ( @entity15882 ) was introduced as a viable mean of removing the obstructing scar formation in a gradual fashion. Several "tips and tricks" were described as particularly useful in optimizing the plasma corona vaporization effect. The proper @entity15882 technique is simple and safe while closely relying on certain surgical steps, the simultaneous vaporization and coagulation processes and a superior endoscopic vision. Recent technological advances created the premises for further improvements. RESULTS: The plasma-button vaporization is characterized by a satisfactory surgical speed, remote @entity954 risks, high-quality endoscopic visibility as well as the achievement of a complete sclerotic tissue removal. Within a short learning curve, a superior final aspect of the prostatic fossa and bladder neck is obtained at the end of surgery. The continuous plasma vaporization mode provides additional technical advantages. The previously described drawbacks of transurethral incision or resection seem to have been overcome by the practical features of the plasma vaporization process. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity15882 technique outlines a promising modality of efficiently ablating the obstructing fibrous tissue in secondary @entity1494 @entity1 . The simplicity and safety of the bipolar vaporization approach, together with the thorough obstructing scar removal in a radical fashion, create the premises for a favorable long term @entity15882 clinical outcome.

title: "Tips and tricks" in secondary XXXX ' bipolar plasma vaporization approach.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['BNS', 'Secondary bladder neck sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder neck sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chilean population is ageing, which means an increase in the prevalence of @entity4122 , including those located in the oral cavity. AIM: To measure the prevalence and distribution of @entity3137 and to identify associated risk factors in elderly @entity1 in the city of Valparaiso. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study includes 126 @entity1 over 60 years. The sample was calculated with a sampling error of 3.7% from a population size of 6000 file cards. Frequency and contingency tables were made together with odds ratios, with a confidence interval of 95%. Finally, we built a predictive model based on a binary logistic regression. RESULTS: From the whole sample, 85 @entity1 (67.5%) had some @entity3137 . The most frequent lesions were denture-induced @entity3136 (37.1%). It was noted that there is a statistically significant association between the use of denture and the presence of @entity5253 . The consumption of drugs and the use of denture increase the likelihood of having @entity3137 . CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of oral lesions in the elderly @entity1 of Valparaiso. The use of drugs and /or denture increases significantly the likelihood that a @entity1 over 60 years presents @entity5932 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in an elderly population in the city of Valparaiso, Chile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pathologies']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['lesions in the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal lesions', 'oral mucosal lesion']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['oral mucosal lesions']


abstract: @entity65 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis @entity1 . @entity455 develops before the initiation of dialysis, and it is now recognized that @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an independent risk factor for @entity65 . @entity204 from @entity65 is a more common endpoint of @entity740 than progression to dialysis. There are multiple mechanisms that contribute to the increased vascular risk of @entity740 , one of which is the presence of @entity2690 resistance (IR). @entity740 is characterised by many features of the @entity209 , and features of IR are also observed in dialysis and transplant @entity1 . IR may be quantified by several different methods. One such method is homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) technique, which derives a measurement of IR from fasting plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 concentrations. The HOMA index has been demonstrated to be an independent predictor of survival in dialysis @entity1 . @entity740 is characterised by a chronic inflammatory response and abnormalities in the production and regulation of adipose tissue derived proteins, which may contribute to the development of IR. There are a range of interventions including diet and exercise programmes or medications that may influence IR; however, the impact of these interventions in the context of @entity740 has not been systematically evaluated.

title: Should we quantify XXXX resistance in @entity1 with renal disease?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1560 and @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) have been associated with @entity28 , @entity2175 and @entity407 . The present study was designed in order to evaluate whether @entity1 with @entity1560 / @entity1561 presented common features with the @entity209 . METHODS: In 30 @entity1 with @entity1561 the prevalence of @entity101 and @entity6 ; the @entity413 /insulin profile, lipid profile, and serum @entity1243 were evaluated and correlated with body composition and energy expenditure, assessed by bioimpedance spectroscopy and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Results were compared with a group of eight controls. RESULTS: Obesity was present in 80% of @entity1 , @entity101 in 50% and @entity2175 in 33%. @entity413 metabolism was altered in 69%, with elevated insulin in 14 patients. Serum @entity1243 , higher in @entity1 , was increased in @entity1 : 33.9 +/- 38.9 vs 9.6 +/- 6.9 ng/ml, P< 0.05. There was a correlation between insulin and @entity1243 , both of which correlated with body mass index, fat mass and percentage of body fat. Dyslipidaemia was found in 80% of @entity1 : 45% presented low high density lipoproteins @entity165 , 58% high low density lipoproteins and 38% elevated very low density lipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong association between @entity1561 and features of the @entity209 , suggesting a simultaneous insulin resistance and decreased sensitivity to @entity1243 .

title: @entity1561 : another feature of the XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus', 'non insulin dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis', 'nonalcoholic fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity281 are the predominant cause of the common cold and are associated with exacerbations of @entity565 . @entity842 (NO) may play an important role in host defense by means of its potent antiviral properties. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether epithelial expression of type 2 @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ), which produces NO, is induced on @entity281 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Primary cultures of @entity1 airway epithelial cells were infected with HRV-16, and @entity3623 mRNA expression was assessed by conventional and real-time RT-PCR and @entity3623 protein by using Western blot analysis. @entity1 subjects were also infected with HRV-16 in vivo, and mRNA for @entity3623 was assessed in nasal epithelial scrapings obtained before and after @entity281 . RESULTS: @entity3623 mRNA levels increased within 8 hours after HRV-16 @entity281 of cultured cells and remained elevated up to 48 hours after @entity281 . @entity3623 protein was elevated at 24 hours. Induction of @entity3623 did not occur with UV-inactivated HRV-16 but could be reproduced by using double-stranded RNA, indicating that induction was dependent on viral replication. Increased @entity3623 expression was also observed in nasal epithelial scrapings during symptomatic colds. CONCLUSION: Increased epithelial expression of @entity3623 mRNA occurs as part of the host response to @entity281 in vitro and in vivo. Given the antiviral effects of NO, we speculate that increased host production of NO may play an important role in host defense during @entity281 .

title: @entity281 induces expression of type 2 @entity842 synthase in XXXX respiratory epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HRV infection', 'rhinovirus infection', 'rhinovirus (HRV) infections', 'HRV infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Immunosuppressive therapy with intravenous @entity205 is an alternative treatment option to total colectomy for @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ), while the benefits of oral administration of @entity1140 are not well defined and are based on reports of several uncontrolled studies. METHODS: @entity1 with refractory active @entity31 were randomly assigned to a high trough concentration (10-15 ng/ml) group (HT group) (n = 21), low trough concentration (5-10 ng/ml) group (LT group) (n = 22), or placebo group (n = 20). @entity1 received an initial oral dose of 0.025 [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] mg/kg @entity1140 or placebo twice daily. Efficacy was evaluated in 60 @entity1 based on a disease activity index (DAI) score. Fifty eight @entity1 had additional treatment with @entity1140 and were evaluated for efficacy in a 10 week open label extension. RESULTS: An improvement in DAI score (>or=4 points, all categories improved) was observed for 68.4% of cases in the HT group compared with 10.0% in the placebo group (p<0.001). In the HT group, 20.0% of @entity1 had clinical remission and 78.9% had @entity33 . In the open label extension, 55.2% of all @entity1 had an improved DAI score at week 10. Mean dose of @entity617 was reduced from 19.7 mg/day at study entry to 7.8 mg/day at week 10. The incidence of side effects in the HT group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (p = 0.043). The most common event was mild finger @entity400 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate dose dependent efficacy and safety of oral @entity1140 for remission-induction therapy of refractory @entity31 . The optimal target range appears to be 10-15 ng/ml in terms of efficacy with two week therapy.

title: A randomised dose finding study of oral @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) therapy in refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR signal changes after intravenous ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) injection are related to inflammatory cells at the subacute stages after focal @entity131 . However, at the early stages, the interpretation of USPIO-related MR signal alterations remains controversial. Here, we compared MR signal changes after intravenous USPIO injection with the histological @entity68 and macrophage distribution during the first 24 hours in a rodent model of @entity64 . METHODS: Multiparametric MRI at 7T and histological USPIO distribution were confronted from 6 to 24 hours after permanent @entity2500 in @entity19 . Blood-brain barrier disruption was assessed using @entity2287 MRI and immunoglobulin staining. Prussian blue staining was performed to depict the USPIO brain distribution. USPIO uptake by phagocytes was assessed by immunochemistry on brain tissue, peripheral blood cells, and monocyte cells derived from bone marrow culture. RESULTS: After USPIO injection, 4 areas of early signal change were observed on every MRI. In all these areas, @entity68 particles were mostly free whether detected in the vascular and cerebrospinal fluid compartments or in the interstitium. Within the first 24 hours, USPIO-loaded cells were not detected in the blood of injured @entity19 or in cultured monocytic cells incubated with USPIO at plasmatic concentration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that, in this model, early reproducible USPIO-related MR signal changes are mainly caused by passive diffusion of free USPIO after blood-brain barrier leakage and by intravascular trapping rather than by peripheral phagocyte infiltration.

title: Early-stage investigations of ultrasmall superparamagnetic XXXX -induced signal change after permanent @entity2500 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of pyrolytic @entity505 arthroplasty for the management of primary @entity571 of the metacarpophalangeal joint. METHODS: A retrospective review of 11 pyrolytic @entity505 arthroplasties for @entity571 of the metacarpophalangeal joint, performed by a single surgeon, was conducted. All @entity1 returned for clinical assessment at a minimum of 2 years after surgery. Evaluation included range of motion, @entity158 and functional scores, and @entity1 satisfaction. Validated outcome measures included the Michigan Hand Questionnaire and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand. Radiographs were assessed for implant failure, loosening, migration, and subsidence. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 4 years (minimum 2 y). The arc of motion significantly improved from 62   before surgery to 76   after surgery. Grip strength decreased slightly compared to the contralateral side (average, 3 kg). The average @entity158 score was 1 on a 10-point visual analog scale. All but 1 @entity1 were fully satisfied at final follow-up. All @entity1 who were working before surgery returned to work after surgery. The Michigan Hand Questionnaire average score was 80, and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand average score was 22. Two @entity1 experienced persistent, asymptomatic squeaking and clicking, and 1 @entity1 reported extensor tendon subluxation. One joint had conversion to arthrodesis for continued, unexplained @entity158 . All surviving implants had a surrounding lucency on radiographs. The average subsidence was 3 mm; there was no implant migration, @entity174 , or dislocation. CONCLUSIONS: Pyrolytic @entity505 arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal joint resulted in satisfactory outcomes at average 4-year follow-up, with improved joint motion, @entity158 relief and satisfaction, and few complications. Radiographic outcomes revealed a consistent, asymptomatic surrounding lucency with no evidence of implant failure or migration.

title: Clinical and radiographic outcomes of metacarpophalangeal joint pyrolytic XXXX arthroplasty for @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['good pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: We update the results of tri-modality treatment for @entity1 with muscle invading @entity150 with selection for bladder preservation based on @entity5 response to induction therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature on modern tri-modality bladder preserving approaches using transurethral resection, radiation and concurrent chemotherapy followed by either bladder conservation with careful surveillance for complete responding @entity1 or prompt cystectomy in those whose @entity5 persist after induction therapy. RESULTS: The published experiences from 3 centers and 2 prospective trials done by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group were evaluated for 5-year overall survival of @entity1 selected for bladder preservation or prompt cystectomy (49 to 63%) and for those with a conserved bladder (38 to 43%). The overall 5-year survival rates were comparable to other series of immediate cystectomy based approaches in @entity1 of similar age and presenting with @entity5 of similar clinical stage. Of @entity1 treated with the bladder preserving approach 20 to 30% cured of muscle invading @entity5 will subsequently have a new superficial @entity5 . The superficial @entity5 have responded well to intravesical drug therapy. Modern bladder preserving treatments usually result in a well functioning bladder without @entity322 or significant @entity811 . However, concurrent systemic chemotherapy and radiation have the potential for acute morbidity. Presently the ideal candidate for bladder preservation has primary clinical stage T2 @entity5 , no associated @entity1695 , visibly complete transurethral resection and complete response after induction chemoradiation based on endoscopic evaluation including re-biopsy and cytology. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that tri-modality treatment be administered by dedicated multimodality teams. In this country this approach to treatment is available at many of the institutions participating in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group study. This treatment may be considered a reasonable alternative in @entity1 who are deemed medically unfit for cystectomy and for those who are seeking an alternative to radical cystectomy.

title: An update of combined modality therapy for XXXX with muscle invading @entity150 using selective bladder preservation or cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate macro- and microperfusion during 14 days of treatment with a new 2-layer compression system (3M    Coban    2 Lite), designed for @entity1 with leg @entity1066 and concomitant @entity8901 . METHODS: A single-centre, open-label, prospective pilot study was performed with 15 subjects suffering from @entity8901 with an ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) of 0.5-0.8, who volunteered to have their 'study leg' bandaged with the new system. Coincident leg @entity1066 or chronic @entity66 was not mandatory. All subjects received the new compression system, which stayed in place from 1 up to 4 days according to scheduled study visits. The system was reapplied by study personnel at each clinical visit (days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14). The study participation stopped after 14 days. At each clinical visit safety assessments were performed: measurement of acral pulsation to capture macroperfusion; laser Doppler fluxmetry to capture microperfusion; clinical signs of pressure related @entity272 , @entity519 -related @entity158 and sub-bandage pressure measurement. In addition, the leg volume was measured and a comfort questionnaire was completed. RESULTS: An average sub-bandage pressure in standing position of approximately 30 mmHg was measured at the B1 location immediately after bandage application. Laser Doppler fluxmetry demonstrated positive effects on microcirculation regarding vasomotion and respiratory reflux. No change of the cardiac signal appeared. For acrale pulsations a high intraindividual variability was found with no clear interference to the bandage application. No pressure-related @entity272 or @entity519 -related @entity158 was detected. CONCLUSION: After application of the new compression system in subjects with moderate PAOD, laser Doppler fluxmetry indicated significant improvements of the microcirculation. High variability and lack of correlation to clinical symptoms was found for the acral pulsation. The new compression system revealed a high grade of tolerability and a good safety profile.

title: Macro- and microperfusion during application of a new compression system, designed for @entity1 with leg XXXX and concomitant @entity8901 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin damage']

entities_list: @entity8901 :: ('MESH:C564658', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial occlusive disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endogenous @entity859 might cause or perpetuate bradyasystole. Our aim was to determine whether @entity3416 , an @entity859 antagonist, increases the rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital @entity1167 . METHODS: In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 971 @entity1 older than 16 years with @entity1167 or pulseless electrical activity at fewer than 60 beats per minute, and who were unresponsive to initial treatment with @entity1425 and @entity3897 , to receive intravenous @entity3416 (250 mg, and an additional 250 mg if necessary) (n=486) or placebo (n=485). The @entity1 were enrolled between January, 2001 and September, 2003, from 1886 @entity1 who had had cardiac arrests. Standard resuscitation measures were used for at least 10 mins after the study drug was administered. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. This trial is registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov registry with the number NCT00312273. FINDINGS: Baseline characteristics and survival predictors were similar in both groups. The median time from the arrival of the advanced life-support paramedic team to study drug administration was 13 min. The proportion of @entity1 who had an ROSC was 24.5% in the @entity3416 group and 23.7% in the placebo group (difference 0.8%; 95% CI -4.6% to 6.2%; p=0.778). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity591 after study drug administration was 34.6% in the @entity3416 group and 26.2% in the placebo group (p=0.004). Survival to hospital admission and survival to hospital discharge were not significantly different between the groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed no evidence of a significant subgroup or interactive effect from @entity3416 . INTERPRETATION: Although @entity3416 @entity591 , we noted no evidence that it significantly increases the proportion of @entity1 who achieve ROSC after bradyasystolic @entity1167 .

title: XXXX in bradyasystolic @entity1167 : a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['non-sinus tachyarrhythmias', 'increases non-sinus tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'asystole']

answer: @entity3416 :: (MESH:D000628,Chemical) :: ['Aminophylline']


abstract: DNA copy number changes were investigated in 29 @entity1822 by comparative genomic hybridization. The most frequent losses were detected in 10q (20 cases, 69%) and 13q (17 cases, 59%). The most frequent gains were detected in 17p (16 cases, 55%). The most frequent high-level amplifications were detected in 17p (7 cases, 24%) and 8q (6 cases, 21%). A total of 137 losses and 204 gains were detected. Small @entity5 (less than 5 cm in diameter) displayed fewer changes per sample (3 to 11; mean, 7) than the other @entity5 (4 to 22; mean, 13). There was an increase in the number of gains from small @entity5 (mean, 4) to very large @entity5 (>20 cm; mean, 10). However, the number of losses was similar in small, large, and very large @entity5 (mean, 4.5). @entity5 size-related aberrations were observed. Gains in 16p were detected in all small @entity5 but were infrequent in large and very large @entity5 (27% and 11%, respectively). Similarly, gains and high-level amplifications in 17p were more common in small (80%) than in very large @entity5 (33%). Gains in 1q, 5p, 6q, and 8q were not seen in any of the small @entity5 but were detected in large and very large @entity5 . Gains in 6q and 8q occurred in 8 of 9 cases (89%) of very large @entity5 , 5 of them with a high-level amplification in 8q.

title: DNA copy number changes in development and progression in XXXX of soft tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the time course, cause, and imaging characteristics of all new @entity409 in pediatric @entity1 with a previously treated @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our hospital cancer registry was used to identify @entity1 between 1980 and 2005 who met the following criteria: solid @entity5 , survival > 2 years after diagnosis, no @entity409 at a posttreatment baseline, and cross-sectional imaging follow-up of > 2 years. Final dictated reports of all cross-sectional imaging examinations including the abdomen were reviewed for any mention of new @entity409 . Positive reports were followed by consensus review of the images and clinical data. @entity1 were divided into three groups: those with suspected or proven @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), those with suspected or proven @entity3 , and those with other lesions. An exact Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the differences between the groups. RESULTS: Of 967 @entity1 who met the initial inclusion criteria, 273 had adequate follow-up to be included in the study. Forty-six @entity1 (16.8%) developed new @entity409 during the study period, and 14 of those 46 were classified into the @entity4383 group (30.4%) and seven were classified into the @entity3 group (15.2%). A significant difference was found in the median time to the development of @entity4383 versus @entity3 and other lesions ( @entity4383 , 92.9 months; @entity3 , 43.2 months; other lesions, 18.5 months; p < 0.0001). A significant difference was also seen in the median length of @entity1867 ( @entity4383 , 115.6 months; @entity3 , 57 months; other lesions, 50.8 months; p = 0.002). The imaging features of the groups also differed. CONCLUSION: The most common @entity409 encountered in pediatric @entity1 previously treated for @entity5 was @entity4383 , which occurred farther from the time of diagnosis and had different imaging characteristics from both @entity3 and other @entity409 .

title: Incidence and etiology of new @entity409 in pediatric @entity1 previously treated for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['follow-up between the groups']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: Computer-assisted perimetry (CP) is a new method which quantifies the differential light sensitivity threshold and allows the statistical analysis of the data. It offers advantages as compared with manual methods. This study has been carried out in 27 @entity1 with @entity977 (four males and 23 females; 13 with @entity2013 ; six with @entity2012 , four with @entity699 and four with non-secreting @entity652 ). A skull X-ray and a computed tomodensitometry (CT), a manual Goldman perimeter and a computer assisted visual field examination were performed in all cases. The presence of a @entity5 was suggested by the X-ray and by the CT in 12 and 23 @entity1 respectively out of the 27: the CT scan revealed a suprasellar extension in seven cases. @entity227 were detected by means of the Goldman perimeter in six @entity1 and by means of the computer-assisted technique in 25/27. The effectiveness of this new technique was proved by the concordance with the CT scan results in 21 cases and by the histological examination of the four @entity652 which were not apparent at CT scan. A significant difference was found for both eyes (right eye, chi squared = 258, P less than 0.001; left eye, chi squared = 295.0, P less than 0.001) between @entity1 and controls. No correlation existed between @entity227 and the pituitary size apparent at CT scan. Six @entity1 were evaluated with the CT and CP after 1 year of @entity2847 treatment; a slight reduction of size was documented with the CT in four cases, whereas a significant positive change in visual acuity was observed in five @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effectiveness of computer-assisted perimetry in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual field defects', 'visual defects']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulated studies have shown that hematological parameters [e.g., red blood cell distribution width (RDW), hemoglobin, platelet count] and serum @entity972 level can impact the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, no previous study has evaluated the prognostic values of these laboratory tests simultaneously. METHODS: This study is based on an intensive care unit (ICU) database named Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC II). Adult @entity1 with @entity583 were included, and their hematological parameters and serum ion levels on admission were extracted. The relationships between these laboratory tests and hospital mortality were evaluated using a logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The effects of these laboratory tests on 1-year mortality were evaluated using a Cox hazard regression model and Kaplan-Meier curve analysis. RESULTS: In univariable analysis, increased white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil percentage, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), RDW, @entity972 and decreased red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin, @entity70 ( @entity70 ), hematocrit and percentage of lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil and eosinophil were significantly associated with hospital mortality. In multivariable analyses, basophil percentage, @entity972 , WBC and @entity70 were independently associated with hospital morality, while WBC, RDW, @entity70 , @entity972 and percentages of neutrophil and lymphocyte were associated with 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Hematological parameters and serum @entity972 can provide prognostic information in @entity583 @entity1 . @entity70 is an independent prognostic factor for both short and long term outcomes of @entity583 .

title: Lower @entity70 is associated with poorer outcomes in intensive care unit admitted @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity70 :: ('MESH:D006445', 'Disease') :: ['mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration', 'MCHC']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Type 2 @entity6 is an established risk factor for @entity64 , but the relations between asymptomatic @entity4854 , @entity3190 , and @entity64 incidence remain uncertain. We have examined the relationship between established @entity6 , nonfasting serum @entity413 and serum @entity2690 concentrations, and subsequent risk of @entity64 . METHODS: We performed a prospective study of 7735 @entity1 aged 40 to 59 years drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. @entity1 with missing serum @entity413 values (n=50) and @entity1 on @entity2690 injection (n=36) were excluded, leaving 7649 @entity1 available for analysis. Baseline nonfasting serum was analyzed for @entity2690 with a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 18 of the 24 towns (n=5663 @entity1 ). RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 16.8 years, there were 347 @entity64 cases (fatal and nonfatal) in the 7649 @entity1 . @entity1 who developed @entity6 during follow-up (n=320) and @entity1 with established type 2 @entity6 at screening (n=98) both showed significantly increased risk of @entity64 , even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, including blood pressure (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.27; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.20; RR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1. 44 to 2.98, respectively). In @entity1 with no diagnosed @entity6 at screening (n=7551), risk of @entity64 was increased significantly only in the top 2.5% of the nonfasting @entity413 distribution (>/=8.2 mmol/L), and this persisted even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, including @entity101 (RR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.11 to 3. 13). Exclusion of the 320 @entity1 who developed @entity6 during follow-up attenuated this risk so that it was no longer significant (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 0.83 to 2.91). In the 5567 @entity1 with @entity2690 measurements and no diagnosis of @entity6 at screening, a J-shaped relationship was seen between nonfasting @entity2690 and risk of @entity64 . Risk was significantly raised in the first quintile and in the fourth quintile and above compared with the second quintile, with all findings of marginal significance. Part of the increased risk at higher levels of @entity2690 was due to @entity1 who developed @entity6 in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the importance of established type 2 @entity6 as an independent risk factor for @entity64 . The increased risk of @entity64 seen in @entity1602 subjects and those with elevated serum @entity2690 levels at screening reflected to some extent the high proportion of @entity1 who subsequently developed @entity6 .

title: Nonfasting serum @entity413 and @entity2690 concentrations and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']