abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify risk markers in @entity1 with @entity1789 . BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity1789 who experience @entity1163 or aborted @entity944 are at high risk for recurrent lethal @entity943 . The prognosis and therapeutic approaches in asymptomatic individuals with a Brugada-type ECG (asymptomatic @entity1789 ) are controversial. METHODS: We genetically screened 30 asymptomatic probands (29 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; mean age 47.1 years) exhibiting a spontaneous Brugada-type ECG. Family members of @entity1 with @entity1789 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 30 @entity1 (96.7%) remained symptom-free for at least 3 years. One @entity1 (case 1) with a family history of @entity944 died suddenly during sleep. @entity2224 was induced by programmed electrical stimulation in 14 of 18 subjects (78%), but none of these 18 subjects developed spontaneous @entity943 . Genetic screening failed to identify @entity1788 mutations in most cases but demonstrated a novel double missense mutation ( @entity23607 and @entity23608 ) located on the same allele in another asymptomatic subject (case 2). Heterologously expressed mutant Na channels exhibited a negative shift of steady-state inactivation (9.2 mV) and enhanced slow inactivation, suggesting this individual harbors a subclinical channel dysfunction compatible with symptomatic @entity1789 . CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic individuals with a Brugada-type ECG generally have a better prognosis than their symptomatic counterparts, but a subgroup of these individuals may have a poor prognosis. Severe @entity409 as a result of @entity1788 mutations may not be sufficient to cause symptoms or @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity1789 , suggesting unknown factors or modifier genes influence arrhythmogenesis.

title: Double XXXX mutation underlying asymptomatic @entity1789 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Na channel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1788 :: (6331,Gene) :: ['SCN5A']


abstract: In a recent chronic inhalation exposure study, unleaded gasoline (UG) produced @entity703 in male @entity35 and @entity96 in female @entity19 , but did not increase the incidence of @entity96 in male @entity19 or @entity35 of either sex. To examine the possible basis for this pattern of hepatocarcinogenesis, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) as an indicator of genotoxic activity and @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ) as an indicator of cell proliferation were measured in @entity35 and @entity19 hepatocytes following in vivo and in vitro exposures to UG and @entity7323 ( @entity1597 ), a nephrotoxic component of UG. Primary hepatocyte cultures, prepared from cells isolated from Fischer-344 @entity35 , B6C3F1 @entity19 , or @entity1 surgical material, were incubated with @entity665 and the test agent. UDS was measured by quantitative autoradiography as net nuclear grains (NG). By similar methods, UDS and @entity7322 (S-phase cells) were measured in hepatocytes isolated from @entity35 and @entity19 treated by gavage with @entity1597 (500 mg/kg) or UG (100 to 5,000 mg/kg). A dose-related increase in UDS activity was observed in @entity35 hepatocytes treated in vitro with 0.05 to 0.10% (v/v) UG. These doses were, however, toxic in both @entity19 and @entity1 hepatocyte cultures. Weak UDS activity was observed in hepatocytes isolated from male and female @entity19 treated 12 hr previously with UG. No UDS was induced in @entity35 hepatocytes treated in vivo or in vitro with @entity1597 . Twenty- and fourfold increases in the percentage of cells in S-phase were observed 24 hr after treatment with @entity1597 in male and female @entity19 , respectively, as compared to a fivefold increase in male @entity35 . UG increased the percentage of S-phase cells in male @entity19 by ninefold but failed to induce @entity7322 in females. Thus, there appears to be genotoxic compounds in UG that can be detected in cultured hepatocytes and in the livers of exposed @entity19 . The lack of UDS activity in @entity35 liver was consistent with the reported lack of @entity96 in chronically exposed @entity35 . However, neither the UDS nor the @entity7322 responses in @entity19 exposed by gavage correlated to the sex-specific pattern of @entity96 observed in the 2-year bioassay.

title: Assessment of unscheduled and XXXX in hepatocytes treated in vivo and in vitro with unleaded gasoline or @entity7323 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity7323 :: ('MESH:C045798', 'Chemical') :: ['2,2,4-trimethylpentane']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['RDS', 'replicative DNA synthesis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors']

answer: @entity7322 :: (MESH:C536766,Disease) :: ['replicative DNA synthesis']


abstract: AIM: This study sought to identify the perceived acceptable waiting times for gynaecological @entity5 surgery and to audit actual waiting times for gynaecological @entity5 @entity1 in a tertiary referral service. METHODS: @entity1 attending Gynaecological Outpatients and staff at Christchurch @entity1 's Hospital were surveyed to determine their opinion regarding the acceptable waiting times from referral to diagnosis, diagnosis to treatment plan, and treatment plan to surgery for @entity1 with gynaecological @entity5 . The actual waiting times for @entity1 who had surgery for gynaecological @entity5 over two 6-month periods at Christchurch @entity1 's Hospital were audited. The waiting times obtained from the audit and the survey were then compared. RESULTS: Eighty-one @entity1 were approached, and 71 surveys were completed (88%), while 97 surveys were sent to staff with a response rate of 63% (61 returns). There were similar perceptions of maximum acceptable waiting times between @entity1 and staff. The audit reviewed notes of 82 @entity1 . The median waiting time for referral from primary care to diagnosis was longer than the perceived maximum acceptable. However, the median waiting time from diagnosis to treatment plan and from treatment plan to surgery was less than the perceived acceptable maximum. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents perceived acceptable waiting times and actual waiting times for surgery of @entity1 with gynaecological @entity5 within a regional service. This study offers preliminary information towards the development of benchmarks for this service.

title: Waiting times for gynaecological XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'Women']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of @entity7278 . BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4906 has become a potential treatment of @entity166 with the development of laser medicine. However, there are very limited data from clinical trials to evaluate the effect of PDT in the treatment of @entity2521 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity7278 were included and divided into three groups. They were treated with SRP alone, SRP followed by one PDT, or SRP followed by two PDT treatments. PDT was performed at sites with a @entity92 ( @entity92 ) >= 5   mm by using Periowave(TM) therapy. Periodontal values of @entity548 on probing (BOP), @entity92 , and clinic attachment loss (CAL) were examined at baseline, 6 wk after treatment, and 12 wk after treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the baseline, sites with baseline @entity92 >= 5   mm in all three groups showed significant @entity92 , CAL, and BOP at 6 and 12 wk after treatment. Although there were no differences between the three groups for @entity92 and CAL in all three examinations, the presence of BOP sites at 12 wk, but not 6 wk, after SRP treatment significantly decreased in groups with PDT in comparison with SRP alone. CONCLUSION: PDT may serve as an adjunctive therapy to SRP treatment in periodontal pockets with @entity92 >= 5   mm to reduce the presence of @entity548 in these lesions.

title: Adjunctive effect of photodynamic therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'reductions of PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study tested for the benefits of early administration of @entity1405 as protection against @entity632 ( @entity3105 )-induced @entity296 . Thirty male, adult B6 @entity19 were categorized into group 1 (untreated control), group 2 [ @entity3105 treatment (15 mg/every other day for 2 weeks, i.p.], and group 3 [ @entity1405 (15 mg/kg/d, from day 7 after @entity3105 treatment for 28 days)], and euthanized by day 35 after @entity3105 treatment. By day 35, the @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was significantly lower in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3, and significantly lower in group 3 than in group 1, whereas the left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and LV end-systolic dimensions showed an opposite pattern to the @entity1002 among the three groups. The protein expressions of fibrotic ( @entity3078 , @entity641 ), apoptotic ( @entity1380 , cleaved caspase 3, @entity8383 ), DNA damage (y-H2AX), oxidative stress (oxidized protein), @entity2383 (cytosolic cytochrome-C), @entity712 (brain natriuretic peptide), and @entity1184 ( @entity8384 ) biomarkers of the LV myocardium showed an opposite pattern to the @entity1002 among the three groups. The protein expressions of antifibrotic ( @entity8385 , @entity8386 ), a-MHC, and phosphorylated-Akt showed an identical pattern to the @entity1002 among the three groups. The microscopic findings of fibrotic and collagen-deposition areas and the numbers of y-H2AX(+) and 53BP1(+) cells in the LV myocardium exhibited an opposite pattern, whereas the numbers of endothelial cell ( @entity5231 (+), @entity8387 (+)) markers showed an identical pattern to the @entity1002 among the three groups. Cardiac stem cell markers (C-kit(+) and Sca-1(+) cells) were significantly and progressively increased from group 1 to group 3. Additionally, the in vitro study showed @entity1405 treatment significantly inhibited @entity3105 -induced cardiomyoblast DNA ( @entity3512 / @entity8388 (+), @entity3512 /53BP1(+), and r-H2AX(+) cells) damage. Early @entity1405 therapy protected against @entity3105 -induced DNA damage and @entity296 .

title: Early Administration of @entity1405 Protected against XXXX -Induced @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial damage']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: A Phase II study of @entity1311 in @entity1 with primary advanced or metastatic @entity0 was conducted by a cooperative study group consisting of 16 institutions in Japan. @entity1311 at a dose of 210 mg/m2 was intravenously infused over 3 hours, along with premedication to prevent @entity56 . The course was repeated at 21-day intervals. Of 62 eligible @entity1 , 60 were evaluable for @entity137 and 59 were evaluable for efficacy. Forty-five @entity1 were previously treated with @entity8253 . Twenty-one of 59 @entity1 (35.6%) had a major objective response including 2 CRs and 19 PRs (95% confidence interval, 23.6-49.1%). A response rate of 35.5% ( @entity3432 , PR10) was observed in 31 @entity1 refractory to the @entity8253 containing prior metastatic chemotherapy. Median (range) time was 41 (6-100) days to onset of and median duration of response was 125 (36-305) days. @entity137 included @entity1431 (grade 3, 4: 67%), @entity417 (grade 1-3: 80%), @entity882 (grade 1: 8%), alopecia (grade 3: 43%), @entity1897 (grade 1-3: 93%), @entity4841 (59%), @entity925 (46%), @entity390 and @entity391 (40%), @entity221 (33%), @entity56 (grade 3: 2%) and @entity551 (grade 3: 5%). All @entity137 were tolerable and manageable. @entity1311 intravenously infused over 3 hours demonstrated a significant antitumor activity for metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, @entity1311 exhibited non-cross resistance to @entity4349 . @entity1311 administered as a convenient 3-hour infusion is effective for @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 and has an acceptable @entity137 profile.

title: Phase II study of @entity1311 (BMS-181339) intravenously infused over 3 hours for advanced or metastatic XXXX in Japan. BMS-181339 @entity0 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'Toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel', 'paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The onset of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) can be associated with constitutional symptoms. Systemic @entity32 may be a common factor behind such symptoms and the subsequent development of @entity455 . The aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between constitutional symptoms and arterial stiffness. We recruited 103 ambulatory @entity309 @entity1 (85 female) without overt @entity455 aged between 40 and 65 years attending hospital clinics. A research nurse measured arterial stiffness (heart rate standardised augmentation index, AIX) using the 'SphygmoCor' device, fasting lipids and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Assessment included @entity1 recall of constitutional symptoms at @entity625 onset (aching muscles, tiredness, generalised weakness, @entity308 , @entity221 , loss of weight, @entity1277 ) and a detailed medical record review. Regression analysis was used to adjust mean differences in AIX in the presence/absence of constitutional symptoms for current age, sex, @entity625 duration, age @entity625 onset, study ESR, ever smoked, mean arterial blood pressure (BP), treated @entity101 and @entity165 . Mean age was 54 years (age @entity625 onset 42 years), brachial BP 125/82 mmHg, @entity165 5.4 mmol/L, ever smoked 59%, median @entity309 duration 9 years, median ESR 16 mm/h and mean AIX 31.7 (SD 7.8). Unadjusted mean difference in AIX was -0.7 (95%CI -4.5 to 3.1; p = 0.72) in the presence of constitutional symptoms and the adjusted mean difference was -0.1 (-3.2 to 2.9; p = 0.93). No individual symptoms were significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness. In conclusion, we found no convincing association between constitutional symptoms at the onset of @entity625 and subsequent arterial stiffness.

title: Constitutional symptoms at the onset of XXXX and subsequent arterial stiffness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['low mood/depression']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative plasma @entity2002 concentration, with particular focus on @entity5 dissemination and nodal involvement, in a substantial cohort of @entity1 with @entity1204 . METHODS: The study population comprised 336 @entity1 with @entity1204 who underwent surgical staging at two tertiary institutions, from 2000 to 2009. Pretreatment plasma samples from the study cohort were assayed for @entity2002 by the Clauss assay. Information on demographics, laboratory testing, histopathology and follow-up was gathered from databases of prospectively collected data. Factors associated with survival were identified in a Cox proportional hazards model. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate predictors of extrauterine disease and nodal @entity3 . RESULTS: One-hundred-thirty-seven (40.8%) @entity1 exhibited preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia. Univariate analysis demonstrated that histological type, @entity5 grade, depth of @entity3 , surgical stage, @entity1 age, and hyperfibrinogenemia affect disease-free (DFS) and overall survival rates significantly. When these variables were entered simultaneously into a Cox regression model, raised preoperative levels of plasma @entity2002 retained significance as poor prognosticator of DFS (HR 2.0, 95%CI 1.1-3.6) and overall survival (HR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3-5.5). Preoperative hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent determinant of extrauterine disease (OR 2.7, 95%CI 1.3-5.6). In the subcohort of @entity1 with endometrioid histology, increased @entity2002 concentration at presentation was predictive of pelvic nodal involvement (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.1-11.7). CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity2002 level may be of value in the prediction of outcome, improve the stratification of @entity1204 @entity1 , at diagnosis, based on their risk of recurrence, and possibly alter their treatment accordingly.

title: Prognostic significance of preoperative plasma @entity2002 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Articular wear is considered to be a possible long-term complication of the use of stemmed, coupled elbow replacements with the capacity to @entity85 and restore function. There have been no reports on this topic, to our knowledge. METHODS: A review of the results of 919 replacements with the semi-constrained linked Coonrad-Morrey total elbow implant, performed between 1981 and 2000, revealed that twelve @entity1 (1.3%) had undergone an isolated exchange of the articular bushings as a result of @entity691 wear. The status of these @entity1 was assessed clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: The mean age of the twelve @entity1 at the time of the initial total elbow replacement was forty-four years compared with a mean age of sixty-two years in the overall group (p < 0.001). Seven of the twelve @entity1 had posttraumatic @entity625 , and five had @entity309 . Nine @entity1 had @entity85 . The group consisted of seven @entity1 and five @entity1 , and ten @entity1 had involvement of the right dominant elbow. The mean age at the bushing revision was fifty-two years, and the bushings were revised at an average of 7.9 years after implantation. All twelve @entity1 reported @entity158 , and five reported crepitus or a squeaking sound. None had extensive @entity3061 . The mean duration of follow-up after the bushing exchange was sixty-five months. The mean arc of motion improved from 89 degrees before the surgery to 109 degrees after it. Three of the twelve @entity1 underwent an additional articular revision at fifty-three, fifty-four, and 136 months after the initial bushing exchange. At the time of final follow-up, all twelve @entity1 had functioning elbows. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated bushing exchange can be a successful revision procedure in @entity1 with a semi-constrained linked total elbow prosthesis. Younger @entity1 with a posttraumatic condition and/or severe pre-existing @entity85 are at greater risk for the development of excessive bushing wear. @entity1 should be cautioned against exceeding the recommended activity and lifting restrictions.

title: XXXX wear after total elbow arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'correct deformity', 'extensive deformity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['Polyethylene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caregivers of @entity1 with mental illnesses often experience a wide range of burdens. Although many studies have confirmed burdens among family caregivers of mentally ill relatives in general, specific knowledge regarding the concrete everyday hassle and existential sorrows from the caregiver   subjective reasoning perspective is lacking. Furthermore, there is little evidence on the possible different effects of @entity1316 and @entity161 on the quality of burden; this is also true with regard to the role of cultural traditions and lay beliefs. AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the specific burdens experienced by caregivers of @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity1316 . METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted by semi-structured interviews with 45 caregivers of @entity1 with @entity161 and @entity1316 . Data were analysed by qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Eleven encumbering themes resulted from the interviews including incertitude, unawareness, emotional burden, stigma and blame, financial burden, physical burden, restriction in routine, disruption in routine, dissatisfaction with family, relatives, and acquaintances, troubles with @entity1 ' adherence to medication, and problems with health services and governmental support. CONCLUSIONS: Caring for a @entity1 with @entity1032 affects caregivers emotionally, financially, physically, and it elicits some restrictions in their routine (daily hassles). Finally, it causes conflicts in family relationships. Despite some differences regarding perceived burden among caregivers of @entity161 and @entity1316 , a common pattern of burden could be identified. Thus, authorities should provide adequate financial, educational, and psychosocial supports for caregivers of mental illnesses.

title: Family caregiver burden in mental illnesses: The case of XXXX and @entity161 - a qualitative exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['affective disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Smooth muscle cells, macrophage infiltration and accumulation of lipids, proteoglycans, collagen matrix and @entity730 play a central role in @entity731 . The early histologic changes of plaque progression from @entity4122 ( @entity4122 ) to late @entity75 have not been fully characterized. METHODS: A total of 151 @entity731 coronary lesions were collected from 67 @entity944 . @entity731 were classified as @entity4122 without macrophage infiltration, @entity4122 with macrophages, and early and late @entity1856 . Presence of macrophages and proteoglycans (versican, decorin and @entity7597 ) were recognized by specific antibodies while hyaluronan was detected by affinity histochemistry. Lipid deposition was identified by @entity21170 , and @entity730 was assessed following von Kossa and @entity622 staining. RESULTS: Lesion progression from @entity4122 to late @entity1856 was associated with increase in macrophage accumulation (p  <  0.001) and decreasing apoptotic body clearance by macrophages (ratio of engulfed-to-total apoptotic bodies) (p  <  0.001). Lipid deposition in lipid pool of @entity4122 had a microvesicular appearance whereas those in the @entity39 core were globular in nature. Overall, the accumulation of hyaluronan (p  <  0.001), and proteoglycan versican (p  <  0.001) and @entity7597 (p  =  0.013) declined along with lesion progression from @entity4122 to @entity1856 . Microcalcification was first observed only within areas of lipid pools and its presence and size increased in lesions with @entity39 core. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4122 to @entity75 are accompanied by early lipid accumulation, followed by macrophage infiltration with defective clearance of apoptotic bodies along with decrease in proteoglycan and hyaluronan in lipid pools that convert to @entity39 cores. Calcification starts in @entity4122 and increases with plaque progression.

title: Natural progression of XXXX from pathologic intimal thickening to late @entity1856 in human coronary arteries: A  pathology study.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['PIT', 'pathologic intimal thickenings']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death victims']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity622 :: ('MESH:C010078', 'Chemical') :: ['alizarin red']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma', 'fibroatheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic', 'Atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: In the photosynthetic apparatus, a major target of photodamage is the D1 reaction center protein of photosystem II (PSII). Photosynthetic organisms have developed a PSII repair cycle in which photodamaged D1 is selectively degraded. A thylakoid membrane-bound metalloprotease, FtsH, was shown to play a critical role in this process. Here, the effect of FtsHs in D1 degradation was investigated in @entity958 ( @entity958 ) mutants lacking @entity20267 (yellow variegated2 [var2]) or @entity20268 (var1). Because these mutants are characterized by variegated leaves that sometimes complicate biochemical studies, we employed another mutation, @entity20269 ( @entity20269 ), that suppresses leaf variegation in var1 and var2 to examine D1 degradation. Two-dimensional blue native PAGE showed that var2 has less PSII supercomplex and more PSII intermediate lacking CP43, termed RC47, than the wild type under normal growth light. Moreover, our histochemical and quantitative analyses revealed that chloroplasts in var2 accumulate significant levels of reactive @entity26 species, such as @entity224 radical and @entity273 . These results indicate that the lack of @entity20267 leads to impaired D1 degradation at the step of RC47 formation in PSII repair and to photooxidative stress even under nonphotoinhibitory conditions. Our in vivo D1 degradation assays, carried out by nonvariegated var2 @entity20269 and var1 @entity20269 leaves, demonstrated that D1 degradation was impaired in different light conditions. Taken together, our results suggest the important role of chloroplastic FtsHs, which was not precisely examined in vivo. Attenuated D1 degradation in the nonvariegated mutants also suggests that leaf variegation seems to be independent of the PSII repair.

title: The variegated mutants lacking chloroplastic FtsHs are defective in D1 degradation and accumulate reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The opportunistic pathogen @entity796 (Ps.) aeruginosa causes severe @entity281 , particularly in immunocompromised individuals and @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). A serious side effect of antibiotic therapy in Ps. @entity281 is the development of resistance to antibiotics. During the infection process Ps. aeruginosa forms biofilms, rendering bacterial cells more resistant to disinfectants, antibiotics and the action of host immune defense effectors. @entity796 employs the intercellular communication system, known as quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate the expression of tissue-damaging factors. Since the QS systems controls the production of different virulence factors, it is possible that the inhibition of its regulatory activity to severely compromise the ability of Ps. aeruginosa to cause @entity281 in @entity1 . Many studies have shown that some probiotic strains exhibit inhibitory activity on different virulence properties of pathogenic bacteria (adherence to cellular or inert substrate, soluble virulence factors expression). The aim of the present study was to investigate by real-time RT-qPCR the influence of probiotic culture soluble factors on the QS genes expression in 30 Ps. aeruginosa strains isolated from @entity1 hospitalized in the National Institute for @entity15243 , Prof. C.C. Iliescu Fundeni Hospital, Bucharest. The results of the real time RT-qPCR have shown that in all Ps. aeruginosa strains grown in the presence of probiotic culture sterile filtrates, the level of QS genes expression was reduced comparatively with those from control cultures. In conclusion, these results proved that the inhibition of virulence factors regulation mechanisms by soluble molecules secreted by probiotics could represent an interesting way pathogenicity and virulence attenuation in Ps. aeruginosa nosocomial strains.

title: Quantitative real-time PCR study of the influence of probiotic culture soluble fraction on the expression of XXXX quorum sensing genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['aeruginosa infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity15243 :: ('MESH:D053821', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Infections']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: The correlation between elevated level of a new plasma @entity5 marker, Lipid Associated @entity3167 (LASA) and detection of bone marrow heterotopic epithelial cells by monoclonal antibodies using an immunocytologic technique, associated with the study of the proliferative activity of these heterotopic cells by measurement of their @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was analyzed in 158 samples obtained from 94 @entity0 @entity1 . Six different groups of @entity1 in complete remission of @entity0 , after radical treatment of the primary (minimal @entity66 ( @entity4145 ] were defined, according to the presence with or without proliferative activity of heterotopic cells in the bone marrow or the absence of such cells and to the level, normal or elevated of LASA in the serum of the same @entity1 at the same time. 115 samples (73%) of the @entity1 had an elevated LASA level at the time of the study among which 71 (45%) came from @entity1 in which heterotopic cells were detected in the bone marrow, 32 (20%) of which with proliferative activity ( @entity894 +) 39 (25%) without ( @entity894 -). In 44 (28%) samples, no heterotopic cells were detected in the B.M. 43 samples (27%) of the @entity1 had a normal LASA level. In 29 (18%) no heterotopic cells could be detected in the B.M. In only 14 could such cells be found, 5 with @entity894 +, 9 with @entity894 -. Both of these cytological and biological parameters can be useful markers of minimal @entity66 and help to determine the prognosis and define optimal therapeutic strategy for curable @entity0 . Their prognostic value in predicting relapse awaits further observation with longer follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between proliferative activity of bone marrow micrometastasis and plasmatic level of a new XXXX marker: lipid associated @entity3167 (LASA) in @entity1 @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['Sialic Acid']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To discuss the indications for surgical procedures of spinal @entity1582 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of the data of operation results of Nineteen @entity1 with spinal @entity1582 , 13 males and 6 females, with the mean age of 45.1 (range 31 approximately 52). @entity158 was present in all @entity1 . Nine @entity1 had @entity51 . According to Frankel classification 5 cases were Frankel B, 3 cases were Frenkel C, and 1 case was Frenkel D. Fourteen cases were diagnosed before operation, and 5 cases were diagnosed by pathology after operation. Surgical procedures performed included anterior approach in 11 cases, posterior approach in 7 cases and combined approach in 1 case. RESULTS: @entity158 was observed in all cases after surgery. Neurological improvement was observed in 8 out of the 9 cases. Complication (alteration of intestinal flora) occurred in one case. Follow-up lasted more than 1 year except in one case with a follow-up of only 6 months. Four cases were lost of follow-up. One case was still alive during the follow-up 8 years after operation. Other cases survived for 26.5 months on average (range 16 approximately 48 months). CONCLUSION: Surgery can ensure neurological improvement and spinal stability for @entity1 with spinal @entity1582 , but should be associated with adjunctive medical treatment.

title: [Surgical treatment of spinal XXXX , report of 19 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'Decrease of pain']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: Clinically detectable regional lymph node @entity320 (AJCC stage IIIB-C) carries a risk of relapse and @entity204 that approaches 70% at 5 years. Surgical management is the cornerstone of therapy, with postoperative adjuvant therapy utilizing @entity16216 ( @entity16216 ). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy in addition to surgery has been demonstrated to improve outcome in the management of @entity1 with a variety of solid @entity5 . In @entity1 with @entity320 , the characteristics of the host immune response differ between @entity1 with earlier stage and those with more advanced stages of disease (and particularly between those with measurable active disease and those without measurable gross disease) providing rationale for neoadjuvant approaches with immunotherapy. Host immune tolerance is now understood to impede the results of therapy for @entity1442 , but appears to be less an issue for @entity1 with microscopic high-risk operable disease, where the host may be more susceptible to immunologic interventions. Phase II studies have shown that neoadjuvant biochemotherapy has limited activity in @entity320 @entity1 with local-regional metastases, where chemotherapy may potentially alter the effects of immunotherapeutic agents. Studies of neoadjuvant @entity16216 therapy for high-risk @entity320 @entity1 with bulky regional stage IIIB-C lymphadenopathy have shown unexpectedly high clinical and pathologic response rates, without increased morbidity. Through the design of neoadjuvant trials utilizing promising emerging @entity320 therapeutics in which it is possible to obtain biopsy samples before and after therapy, a greater understanding of the dynamic interaction between @entity5 and the immune system is possible. This should lead to the identification of new targets for the treatment of @entity320 and aid the development of new immunotherapy that may have greater specificity and less @entity137 . This will simplify the evaluation of promising new combinations of agents with @entity16216 to build on the clinical, immunologic, and molecular effect of this therapy for @entity1 with @entity320 .

title: Neoadjuvant therapy for high-risk bulky regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity16216 :: ('MESH:C535530', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose interferon alfa-2b', 'HDI']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma metastasis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: Repeated administration of the @entity935 D2/D3 agonist @entity11640 (QNP) progressively increases non-regulatory water intake. This effect may model @entity716 , a potentially fatal but poorly understood condition. OBJECTIVES: The growing evidence for a role of orexin in mediating arousal and cognition has linked this peptide to @entity161 , hence we examined whether manipulations of dopaminergic and orexinergic systems, as well as of setting, would further characterize the model. METHODS: Water intake was measured in @entity35 sequentially tested in home and then operant conditioning setting, with chronic administration of D2 antagonist @entity1767 ( @entity18899 ) prior to QNP treatment. A group of @entity35 similarly treated was also assessed for @entity22658 ( @entity22658 ) expression in the cortex. Finally, the effect of the orexin-1 receptor antagonist @entity23908 on QNP-induced @entity4683 was evaluated. RESULTS: In @entity35 made polydipsic by QNP the amount of water drank during the first 4 h was strongly correlated with the degree of dissociation between appetitive and consummatory components of @entity457 behavior in the following hour of operant access to water. @entity18899 0.2 mg/kg prevented both @entity4683 and the dissociation, while 0.1 mg/kg only blocked the dissociation. Chronic QNP treatment increased, in a @entity18899 -reversible way, @entity22658 expression in the somatosensory cortex (SI). Moreover, pretreatment with @entity23908 sped up and potentiated QNP-induced @entity4683 . CONCLUSIONS: Results disclose compulsive components in QNP-induced @entity4683 that are mediated by @entity935 D2 receptors. QNP also regulates @entity22658 expression in the SI, while the block of orexin-1 receptors enhances QNP-induced @entity4683 . We suggest that @entity935 and @entity22658 play opposite roles in QNP-induced @entity4683 .

title: Opposite roles of @entity935 and orexin in @entity11640 -induced excessive XXXX : a @entity35 model of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking']

answer: @entity457 :: (MESH:D063425,Disease) :: ['drinking']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to make a retrospective analysis in @entity1 with @entity5 of temporal bone origin. We present the results according to the surgical approach applied in each case. @entity1 AND METHOD: This retrospective study presents the findings in 17 @entity1 with diagnosis of glomus jugulare of the temporal bone, who were observed and treated in our department over a 5-year period (1999 to 2004). We performed a general otolaryngology exam, systemic evaluation and radiological exam. Surgical treatment was performed in 16 cases out of 17. In 1 case treatment with stereotaxic surgery was performed. RESULTS: The surgical approaches were: retroauricular transcanal approach, radical or modified mastoidectomy through facial recess, and infratemporal fossa approach. @entity887 was used in 11 of our cases. In all cases the diagnosis of @entity5 was confirmed. The most frequent post-operative complications found were: transitory paralysis of the facial nerve, @entity1274 , imbalance, @entity129 , and salivary fistula. No recurrences were found after 8 years of follow-up. One case of persistence was found in the case treated with radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: In our series surgery was found as the elective therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 of the temporal bone with no recurrences after 8 years of follow-up. @entity887 diminishes surgery time and @entity954 . Stereotaxic therapy cannot provide @entity5 growth control. Complications are discussed and compared with the bibliography.

title: [ XXXX of temporal bone origin. Study of 17 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis of the IXth and XIth cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glomus tumour', 'glomus tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-operative embolization']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Glomus tumours']


abstract: The role of the low avidity 40,000 dalton receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R) present on K562 and U937 cells in sensitivity to natural killing (NK) was studied by using a murine monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the 40,000 dalton Fc gamma R (alpha Fc gamma R mAb). Pretreatment of K562 target cells with intact alpha Fc gamma R mAb or its Fab fragment or anti- @entity69 receptor (alpha @entity8282 ) mAb partially blocked in a dose-dependent manner, NK activity to K562 cells. However, combined pretreatment with alpha Fc gamma R and alpha @entity8282 mAb completely blocked NK activity against K562 targets. As compared with K562 cells, lower levels of NK were elicited against Molt-4, U937, HL-60, and Daudi targets. Although NK activity to Molt-4 targets was not affected by alpha Fc gamma R mAb, it was fully prevented by pretreatment with alpha @entity8282 mAb. In contrast, NK to U937 cells was not influenced by alpha @entity8282 mAb, but it was strongly inhibited by alpha Fc gamma R mAb. The resistance of 3H-TdR-prelabeled adherent @entity1605 cells to natural cell-mediated @entity137 was not affected by either mAb. Lectin-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 (LDCC) against @entity1605 cells due to the presence of concanavalin A, and was completely abrogated by pretreatment of the targets with alpha @entity8282 mAb, but was unaffected by alpha Fc gamma R mAb. By use of the flow cytometer, a significant correlation was detected between the relative expression of 40,000 dalton Fc gamma R and the susceptibility to NK, whereas the expression of @entity8282 was discordant from NK sensitivity. As determined in the single cell @entity137 assay alpha Fc gamma R mAb reduced the frequency of target binding effector cells without affecting the number of dead bound targets. This pattern of inhibition was found against both K562 and U937 targets. Alternatively, alpha @entity8282 mAb inhibited both binding and killing of K562 and Molt-4 targets. Because pretreatment of @entity1605 cells with alpha @entity8282 mAb did not influence conjugate formation, the blocking of LDCC to @entity1605 cells by alpha @entity8282 mAb can be related to post-binding events. These data show that although both the 40,000 dalton Fc gamma R and the @entity8282 can be target structures for NK cell recognition, the @entity8282 may also play an important role in the post-binding events.

title: The low affinity 40,000 Fc gamma receptor and the XXXX receptor can be alternative or simultaneous target structures on cells sensitive for natural killing.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: An attempt to reveal endocrine disruption in @entity2084 fish ( @entity2084 ) upon exposure to @entity19861 was made. Fish blood serum was collected and @entity53 levels were measured following times of exposure to 60 microg/L of @entity19861 . Samples were drawn from the fish during each exposure period of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and 1 and 2 weeks. The sample @entity53 levels were compared to those of a control. Ovarian tissue was examined. As @entity39 increased within the ovaries, @entity53 blood serum levels altered from those of the control sample (101 pg/mL). Histopathology within the follicles became apparent as exposure time to @entity19861 increased. The changes in the ovarian follicles can be correlated to the @entity53 levels in the blood. Mean @entity53 level for the control group was 101.53 pg/mL. @entity53 levels from the trial groups varied from those of the control (24 h, undetectable; 48 h, 74.04 pg/mL; 72 h, 57.16 pg/mL; 96 h; 39.15 pg/mL; 1 week, 66.50 pg/mL; 2 weeks, undetectable). It seems that the initial @entity1457 experienced by the fish after 24 h of exposure resulted in an undetectable level of @entity53 . The level of @entity53 initially ascended, but it began to decline and after 1 week of exposure it ascended a little and became undetectable after 2 weeks. Nevertheless, throughout the exposure period the level of @entity53 was lower than normal. Severe damage to the mature oocytes may be the reason for undetectable levels of @entity53 after 2 weeks of exposure.

title: @entity19861 -induced endocrine disruption in XXXX , @entity2084 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity2084 :: ('13106', 'Species') :: ['Lepomis macrochirus', 'bluegill']

answer: @entity2084 :: (13106,Species) :: ['bluegill sunfish']


abstract: We have developed a device capable of producing subsurface images in eyes at microscopic resolution. We call this method "ultrasound biomicroscopy." We examined 19 @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity1480 using ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ten @entity1 were found to have concave irides with small distances between the back of the iris and the zonule. In these @entity1 iris-lens contact was greater than in @entity1 without iris concavity and healthy @entity1 . Nine @entity1 did not show iris concavity or increased iris-lens contact. The finding of iris concavity and increased iris-lens contact is compatible with a theory of reverse @entity616 producing intermittent iris-zonule touch, with a valve effect preventing posterior flow of aqueous. This theory was supported by the loss of concavity following iridotomy in three @entity1 . The force that produces a reversal of the normal pressure gradient remains unclear, but recent evidence suggests that accommodation plays a major role. The @entity1 who did not show iris concavity and increased iris-lens contact may have been examined at a time when these forces were not acting or had ceased to act.

title: Ultrasound biomicroscopic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupil block']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary dispersion syndrome']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['pigmentary glaucoma']


abstract: We employed the nonpalindromic adaptor-PCR (NPA-PCR) method to amplify @entity13706 transcripts from the spleen of normal SJL @entity19 . The NPA-PCR method has been specifically designed for the amplification of transcripts with variable or unknown 5' ends, such as TCRs and immunoglobulins (Ig). This method has certain distinct advantages over existing two-sided PCR methods for the amplification of @entity12810 transcripts. Two NPA-PCR amplifications are sufficient to amplify all the @entity12810 transcripts (one for the alpha-chain and another one for the beta-chain). Amplification of @entity12810 transcripts by classical two-sided PCR requires a minimum of 45 amplification reactions for the @entity19 @entity12810 (20 for the V alpha families and 25 for the V beta families), using 45 different V-family-specific amplification primers. cDNA was synthesized from spleen RNA, using oligonucleotides complementary to sequences of either the @entity19 @entity12810 C alpha or C beta regions. The NotI restriction site was conjugated to these primers and therefore, a NotI restriction site was incorporated at the 3' end of the cDNA. A double-stranded nonpalindromic adaptor (EcoRI-XmnI strand and XmnI G strand, which are complementary to each other) was ligated onto both ends of the double-stranded cDNA. The adaptor was removed from the 3' end by NotI nuclease digestion whereas the adaptor was retained at the 5' end. Two rounds of PCR amplification were carried out. In the first, the EcoRI-XmnI adaptor was used as 5' end amplification primer; an antisense C region primer, designated mC alpha 2 or mC beta 2 (for the alpha- and beta-chain, respectively), was used as 3' amplification primer. In the second round of PCR amplification the same 5' end primer and a 3' end antisense primer, designated mC alpha 1 or mC beta 1, were used. These mC alpha 1 and mC beta 1 primers are located 5' to the mC alpha 2/mC beta 2 primers that were used for the first amplification. The amplified transcripts were cloned. Colonies were screened using a 32P-labeled probe, either C alpha or C beta, located 5' to those used for the last amplification and many positive clones were isolated and sequenced. All clones were unique when compared to each other, as anticipated for polyclonal T-cell populations. Comparison of the sequences obtained to those in the GENBANK/EMBL database revealed that they were typical of @entity19 alpha- or beta-chain @entity12810 . With the exception of two beta-chain @entity12810 transcripts, all the sequences shown here (36 alpha-chain and 20 beta-beta chain) have not been previously reported to the GENBANK/EMBL database.

title: Amplification of T-cell receptor alpha- and beta-chain transcripts from XXXX spleen lymphocytes by the nonpalindromic adaptor-polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity13706 :: ('21473;21577', 'Gene') :: ['T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha- and beta-chain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: With the use of peripheral and pulmonary arterial catheters, the peripartum hemodynamic patterns of 10 @entity1 with severe @entity1468 were studied. At the time of line placement, our results demonstrated @entity998 (9.3 +/- 1.3 L/min), high systemic vascular resistances (1,042 +/- 160 dynes . sec . cm-5), and @entity67 . Immediately post partum (less than 30 minutes), a transient decline in left ventricular function in association with a rise in central venous and wedge pressures was observed. By 1 hour after delivery, ventricular function had returned to its hyperdynamic state. Swan-Ganz catheterization and cardiac output data were most helpful in the monitoring of @entity1 with severe @entity1468 . Ventricular function in these @entity1 appears to operate in the hyperdynamic zone or a "normal" ventricular function zone that is different from that in the nonpregnant @entity1 . At the same time, as shown by our data and a review of the literature, severe @entity1468 appears to be a continuum, as determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance measurements, which range from a high-output--low-resistance system to a low-output--high-resistance one. Therefore, in the evaluation of the @entity1 with severe @entity1468 , a complete hemodynamic profile would be helpful in determining the "phase" of the disease and the status of ventricular function. This would be useful information with which one could theoretically direct therapy in a more precise fashion.

title: XXXX . I. Peripartum hemodynamic observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['elevated cardiac outputs']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['Severe preeclampsia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adult diffuse low-grade @entity11 are slow growing, World Health Organization grade II lesions with insidious onset and ultimate anaplastic transformation. The timing of surgery remains controversial with polarized practices continuing to govern @entity1 management. As a result, the management of these @entity1 is variable. The goal of this questionnaire was to evaluate practice patterns in Canada. An online invitation for a  questionnaire  including diagnostic, preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative parameters and three cases with magnetic resonance imaging data with questions to various treatment options in these @entity1 was sent to practicing neurosurgeons and trainees. Survey was sent to 356 email addresses with 87 (24.7  %) responses collected. The range of years of practice was less than 10  years 36  % (n  =  23), 11-20  years 28  % (n  =  18), over 21  years 37  % (n  =  24). Twenty-two neurosurgery students of various years of training completed the survey. 94  % (n  =  47) of surgeons and trainees (n  =  20) believe that we do not know the "right treatment". 90  % of surgeons do not obtain formal preoperative neurocognitive assessments. 21  % (n  =  13) of surgeons and 23  % of trainees (n  =  5) perform a biopsy upon first presentation. A gross total resection was believed to increase progression free survival (surgeons: 75  %, n  =  46; trainees: 95  %, n  =  21) and to increase overall survival (surgeons: 64  %, n  =  39, trainees: 68  %, n  =  15). Intraoperative MRI was only used by 8  % of surgeons. Awake craniotomy was the procedure of choice for eloquent @entity5 by 80  % (n  =  48) of surgeons and 100  % of trainees. Of those surgeons who perform awake craniotomy 93  % perform cortical stimulation and 38  % performed subcortical stimulation. Using the aid of three hypothetical cases with progressive complexities in @entity5 eloquence there was a trend for younger surgeons to operate earlier, and use awake craniotomy to obtain greater extent of resection with the aid of cortical stimulation when compared to senior surgeons who still more often preferred a "wait-and-see" approach. Despite the limitations of an online survey study, it has offered insights into the variability in surgeon practice patterns in Canada and the need for a consensus on the workup and surgical management of this disease.

title: Neurosurgical management of adult diffuse low grade XXXX in Canada: a multi-center survey.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter @entity886 (TAVI) represents a novel option for elderly with severe @entity472 who are denied surgical @entity886 due to high perioperative risk. While transfemoral TAVI generally is being performed in general anesthesia (GA), TAVI under local anesthesia plus mild sedation (LAPS) might be an effective and safe alternative. METHODS: In a single-centre analysis, we assessed clinical data, preoperative risk scores (STS-Score), echocardiography, periprocedural data and labor costs in 74 @entity1 undergoing transfemoral TAVI under GA (n = 33) and LAPS (n = 41). RESULTS: @entity1 who underwent TAVI in LAPS presented significantly more often with @entity120 and @entity8 , and tended to have a higher STS score and more severe symptoms (higher NYHA class) versus the GA group. There were no significant differences in procedure-related 30-day mortality or complications between groups. The peak systolic and mean central aortic pressure were significantly higher in the LAPS group, while at the same time these @entity1 required significantly less often periprocedural adrenergic support. Intervention time was shorter in the LAPS group due to avoidance of surgical cut-down of the access site. Moreover, total procedure time was significantly shorter and labor costs were lower in the LAPS group. @entity1 who underwent TAVI in LAPS could be mobilized significantly earlier. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that TAVI under LAPS is as effective and safe as TAVI under GA. Furthermore, total procedure time, intervention time and labor costs could be reduced by LAPS. Mobilization of @entity1 could be achieved earlier. We therefore consider LAPS to be favorable in @entity1 undergoing transfemoral TAVI.

title: Local versus general anesthesia for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve replacement', 'aortic valve implantation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['transfemoral aortic valve implantation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity18553 is a novel fully synthetic @entity21597 with promising preclinical activity and a favourable @entity137 profile in phase I testing. METHODS: A phase II pharmacokinetic and efficacy trial was conducted in @entity1 with @entity320 . @entity1 had measurable disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, adequate haematological, and organ function, with up to 2 previous chemotherapy and any previous immunotherapy regimens. @entity18553 , 16   mg   m     , was administered intravenously over 3   h every 21 days until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were treated. @entity18553 showed multi-exponential kinetics with a mean terminal half-life of 64   h and a volume of distribution of 4361   l   m      indicating extensive tissue/tubulin binding. Only grade 2 or lower @entity137 was observed: these included @entity16 (66%), @entity1431 (46%), @entity1295 (34%), and @entity1398 (31%). The objective response rate was 11.4% (one confirmed complete response, two confirmed partial responses, and one unconfirmed partial response). Stable disease for at least 12 weeks was seen in an additional eight @entity1 (clinical benefit rate 36.4%). CONCLUSION: @entity18553 was well tolerated with mild haematological @entity137 and @entity16 . Unlike other @entity21597 , it shows activity against @entity320 even in pretreated @entity1 . Further clinical testing is warranted.

title: Phase II trial of @entity18553 , a novel XXXX analog in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity18553 :: ('MESH:C530494', 'Chemical') :: ['Sagopilone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone', 'epothilones']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity21597 :: (MESH:D034261,Chemical) :: ['epothilone']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity1030 are frequently flow-limited during expiration at rest. When expiratory flow is at its maximum, application of negative pressure at the mouth should accentuate dynamic compression downstream from the flow-limiting segment (FLS) without substantially affecting flow or pressure upstream. The purpose of this study was to determine the ventilatory response to such intervention and to determine its effect on respiratory sensation. Such responses should reflect the effect of airway receptors downstream from the FLS. Nine @entity1 with severe @entity1030 (FEV1 +/- SE = 27 +/- 3% predicted) breathed into a closed-circuit apparatus that incorporated a rolling-seal spirometer. The spirometer was fitted with a linear actuator that caused mouth pressure to become negative in proportion to expiratory flow (expiratory assistance, EA). Ventilatory responses were measured during 4 min of EA (-9.7 cm @entity2507 /L/s) and were compared with those during control periods (4 min each) before and after this (C1 and C2). Sense of breathing effort was assessed at 1-min intervals by asking the subject to point to a category scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being minimal effort and 5 indicating that breathing was very difficult. There were small but significant (p less than 0.05) decreases in TI (mean +/- SE, -0.2 +/- 0.05 s) and TE (-0.3 +/- 0.07 s), with increases in breathing frequency (+2.25 +/- 0.7) and ventilation (+1.5 +/- 0.6 L/min). No significant changes were observed in tidal volume or end-expiratory volume. The EA caused a highly significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the sense of breathing effort.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of dynamic airway compression on breathing pattern and respiratory sensation in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Various surgical procedures have addressed the disabling @entity1118 . @entity158 control must be weighed against the surgical morbidity and metabolic consequences of operation. Although @entity513 works well for @entity1 with dilated ducts, a new procedure was devised to avoid the diabetic morbidity of near-total pancreatectomy or pancreaticoduodenectomy in @entity1 with small duct @entity788 . Five @entity1 have undergone the splenopancreatic @entity1912 procedure. The head of the pancreas is resected in a manner similar to near-total pancreatectomy, while the body and tail are denervated by dissection from their bed, with retrograde perfusion from the splenic hilus. All @entity1 are alive a mean of 9 months after operation, and none is diabetic. Only one @entity1 requires narcotic analgesics. Although none is asymptomatic, all have shown significant @entity1017 , and four of five are vocationally rehabilitated. @entity1912 viability and the absence of transgastric varices have been documented by angiography and CT scanning. Although the durability of @entity158 relief and islet cell function is unknown, these results suggest that this procedure may offer an alternative to major resection in chronic @entity788 .

title: Denervated splenopancreatic XXXX for chronic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal drainage']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['pain of chronic pancreatitis']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of dual plating in the treatment of humeral intercondylar type-C @entity174 in adults. METHODS: From June 2004 to October 2007, 38 cases of type-C distal humeral @entity174 were stabilised with dual plating. There were 21 males and 17 females. The average age was 43 years with a range from 21 to 71 years. According to the AO classification, 9 cases were of type C1, 17 of C2 and 12 of C3. The posterior midline approach was selected. Twenty-one cases were exposed through the trans-olecranon osteotomy, 11 through the Campbell (Van Gorder) approach, 6 through triceps sparing approach. Autogenous bone graft was performed in 5 cases because of severe comminution. RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 were followed-up for 14-30 months (mean 24.2 months). At the latest follow-up, the elbow flexion averaged 119 degrees (range 90 degrees - 135 degrees ), and the loss of extension averaged 16.2 degrees (range 5 degrees - 25 degrees ). All the @entity1 got bony healing, the average healing period was 14 weeks. The @entity1 were evaluated using the criteria of Aitken and Rorabeek and the scores were 13 excellent, 16 good, 6 fair. Twenty-nine @entity1 (82.9%) had a good or excellent results. Complications included 4 cases of @entity130 , 2 @entity2736 , 1 @entity16 . Infection as well as loosening or breakage of the implant was not found. CONCLUSIONS: The dual plating is able to provide rigid fixation for the humeral intercondylar @entity174 . In addition, it can allow early functional exercise after operation, decrease the related complications significantly, and improve the functional results.

title: [Treatment of type C intercondylar XXXX of distal humerus using dual plating].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Myopericytoma (MPC) of the oral cavity is extremely rare. Herein reported is a case of MPC of low grade @entity1697 . A 61-year-old @entity1 noticed a @entity5 of the cheek mucosa, and admitted to our hospital. Oral examination revealed a reddish elevated @entity5 of the cheek mucosa. Tumorectomy with wide margins was performed. The clinical diagnosis was @entity2276 . Grossly, the @entity5 was reddish, and measured 1 1 1 cm. Microscopically, oval to spindle @entity5 cells with hyperchromatic vesicular nuclei and many vasculatures were seen. The @entity5 cells were contiguous and mixed with endothelial cells in many blood vessels, thus resembling pericytes. Mitotic figures were scattered. The surgical margins were negative for @entity5 cells. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2277 , a-smooth muscle actin and @entity876 . The Ki67 labeling was 40%. The @entity5 cells were negative for cytokeratins ( @entity2278 and CAM5.2), @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity2281 protein, HMB45, @entity2282 , @entity2277 , @entity2283 , and factor VIII-related antigen. The endothelium of the vessels were positive for @entity2277 , @entity2279 , @entity2280 and factor VIII-related antigen, but negative for a-smooth muscle actin, @entity876 , cytokeratins ( @entity2278 and CAM5.2), @entity2281 protein, HMB45, @entity2282 , @entity2277 , and @entity2283 . The Ki67 labeling was 5%. Because the pericytoid @entity5 cells showed a-smooth muscle actin and negative for endothelial markers, MPC was diagnosed. In addition, because there was some atypia and mitotic figures were scatters and also because the @entity5 cells were positive for @entity876 and Ki67 labeling was high, a pathological diagnosis of MPC with low grade @entity5 was made. No recurrence was observed, and the @entity1 is now free from @entity5 6 months after the operation.

title: Myopericytoma of low grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2276 :: ('MESH:D017789', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic granuloma']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['malignancy in the oral cavity']


abstract: @entity5606 of the @entity1374 is a very rare @entity5 , characterized by significant metastatic potential. All of the 6 cases reported in the recent literature had poor outcomes. We report an additional case involving, to our knowledge, the oldest @entity1 reported so far. A 67-year-old @entity1 had a @entity8170 for all of her adult life and presented with a rapidly growing mass in the right lobe. Histologic examination showed a highly cellular @entity5 with a solid infiltrative growth pattern. Extracapsular invasion was evident. Rhabdoid cells were large, with abundant cytoplasm, eosinophilic inclusions, and eccentric nuclei containing distinct nucleoli. Immunohistochemistry identified @entity2277 , sarcomeric actin, myoglobin, and cytokeratin expression in the @entity5 cells; they were negative for @entity2283 , thyroglobulin, and @entity175 . Scattered follicles with nuclear features of @entity3557 were detected; these cells were immunoreactive for thyroglobulin and @entity10922 . Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for @entity8958 / @entity2750 and @entity8958 / @entity23275 fusion genes identified a @entity8958 / @entity23275 gene rearrangement in the @entity5606 . Despite radiotherapy, the @entity5 rapidly progressed, with massive local and mediastinal metastasis leading to death 5 months after presentation. The hypothesis that @entity5606 is a variant of anaplastic @entity259 is supported by the identification of a @entity8958 /PTC gene rearrangement, a feature of @entity189 of follicular cell derivation.

title: @entity5606 of the @entity1374 : a variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdoid tumor', 'Rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']


abstract: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is considered in many as prodromal stage of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Event-related oscillations ( @entity12946 ) reflect cognitive responses of @entity75 (SEO) inform about sensory responses. For this study, we compared visual SEO and @entity12946 responses in @entity73 to explore brain dynamics (Background).Forty-three @entity1 with @entity73 (mean age=74.0 year) and 41 age- and education-matched @entity23 ( @entity23 ) (mean age=71.1 year) participated in the study. The maximum peak-to-peak amplitudes for each subject  s averaged delta response (0.5-3.0Hz) were measured from two conditions (simple visual stimulation and classical @entity227 target stimulation) (Method). Overall, amplitudes of target @entity12946 responses were higher than SEO amplitudes. The preferential location for maximum amplitude values was frontal lobe for @entity12946 and occipital lobe for SEO. The ANOVA for delta responses showed significant results for the group Xparadigm. Post-hoc tests indicated that (1) the difference between groups were significant for target delta responses, but not for SEO, (2) @entity12946 elicited higher responses for @entity23 than @entity73 @entity1 , and (3) females had higher target @entity12946 than males and this difference was pronounced in the control group (Results). Overall, cognitive responses display almost double the amplitudes of sensory responses over frontal regions. The topography of oscillatory responses differs depending on stimuli: visualsensory responses are highest over occipitals and -cognitive responses over frontal regions. A group effect is observed in @entity73 indicating that visual sensory and cognitive circuits behave differently indicating preserved visual sensory responses, but decreased cognitive responses (Conclusion).

title: The @entity227 , but not the visual sensory network, is affected in XXXX : A study of @entity75 responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual oddball paradigm']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain whereas sensory-evoked oscillations']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild Cognitive Impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy-elderly controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer  s disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: Tethered rotating cells of @entity11704 varied widely in their stopping frequency; 45% of cells showed no stops of longer than 1 s, whereas others showed stops of up to several seconds. Individual cells alternated between stops and rotation at a fairly constant rate, without continuous variation. Addition of the chemoattractant @entity4919 to free-swimming cells of @entity11704 increased the mean population swimming speed from 15 to 23 microns s-1. After correction for nonmotile cells, the percentage swimming at less than 5 microns s-1 dropped from approximately 22 to 8, whereas the percentage swimming at greater than 50 microns s-1 increased from 6 to 15. However, cells already swimming did not swim faster after @entity4919 addition; the increase in the mean population speed after @entity4919 addition was caused by an increase in the mean run length between stops from 25 to 101 microns. The increased run length was the result of a drop in both the stopping frequency and the length of a stop. Addition of @entity4919 over the range of 10 microM to 1 mM decreased the stopping frequency; this decrease was almost entirely blocked by @entity10555 , a competitive inhibitor of @entity4919 transport. The chemoattractants @entity598 and @entity972 had the same effect as @entity4919 on the distribution of stopping frequency, which demonstrated that this is a general behavioral response to chemotactic stimulation. Adaptation to @entity4919 stimulation was slow and very variable, cultures frequently showing little adaptation over 30 min. This characteristic may be the result of the lack of a highly specific chemosensory system in @entity11704 .

title: Motility response of XXXX to chemotactic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['R. sphaeroides', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to test whether a unidirectional valve patch would provide benefit to early and long-term survival for @entity1 with @entity1757 and severe @entity120 . METHODS: Eight hundred seventy-six cases of @entity1757 with severe @entity120 were closed with or without a unidirectional valve patch and were classified as the unidirectional valve patch (UVP) group (n = 195) and nonvalve patch ( @entity16333 ) group (n = 681), respectively. Propensity scores of inclusion into the UVP group were used to match 138 pairs between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed to compare early and long-term survival. RESULTS: For the 138 propensity-matched pairs, there were 7 and 9 early deaths (in-hospital deaths) in the UVP and @entity16333 groups, respectively. The difference in early mortality between the 2 groups did not reach statistical significance (chi(2) = 0.265, P = .6064). With a mean of 9.2 +/- 4.92 years' and 2511 @entity1 -years' follow-up, there were 6 late deaths in the UVP group and 7 late deaths in the @entity16333 group. The difference in actuarial survival at 5, 10, 15, and 18 years between the 2 groups was not significant (log-rank test, chi(2) = 0.565, P = .331). The difference in the late mortality between the groups with or without a patent patch at the time of discharge did not reach statistical significance (chi(2) = 1.140, P = .2856). There was no difference between the 2 groups in the 6-minute walk distance assessed at the last follow-up (525.9 +/- 88.0 meters for the UVP group and 536.5 +/- 95.8 meters for the @entity16333 group, F = 1.550, P = .214). CONCLUSION: A unidirectional valve patch provides no benefits to early and long-term survival when it is used to deal with @entity1757 and severe @entity120 .

title: The unidirectional valve patch provides no benefits to early and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity1757 and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSES: Reliable staging of the mediastinum determines TNM classification and directs therapy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Our aim was to evaluate predictors of mediastinal lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 undergoing endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). METHODS: @entity1 with known or suspected @entity2 undergoing EBUS for staging were included. Lymph node radiographic characteristics on chest CT/PET scan and ultrasound characteristics of size, shape, border, echogenicity, and number were correlated with rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) and final pathology. Logistic regression (estimated with generalized estimating equations to account for correlation across nodes within @entity1 ) was used with @entity5 (vs normal pathology) as the outcome. ORs compare risks across groups, and testing was performed with two-sided a of 0.05. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-seven distinct lymph nodes (22.5% positive for @entity5 ) were evaluated in 100 @entity1 . Lymph node size, by CT scan and EBUS measurements, and round and oval shape were predictive of mediastinal @entity3 . Increasing size of lymph nodes on EBUS was associated with increasing @entity5 risk (P = .0002). When adjusted for CT scan size, hypermetabolic lymph nodes on PET scan did not predict @entity5 . Echogenicity and border contour on EBUS and site of biopsy were not significantly associated with @entity5 . In 94.8% of lymph nodes with a clear diagnosis, the ROSE of the first pass correlated with subsequent passes. CONCLUSIONS: Lymph node size on CT scan and EBUS and round or oval shape by EBUS are predictors of @entity5 , but no single characteristic can exclude a visualized lymph node from biopsy. Further, increasing the number of samples taken is unlikely to significantly improve sensitivity.

title: Using endobronchial ultrasound features to predict lymph node @entity3 in XXXX with @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The cytogenetic and in vitro growth characteristics of 3 cases of extraskeletal @entity3293 (EMC) are described. In cell culture, the @entity5 cells retained the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of EMC. Cytogenetically, 2 of the cases showed an apparently identical t(9;22)(q22;q12). In one case, the t(9;22) was found together with a dup(I)(q12q44), and in the other case it was found together with several other aberrations. The third case had an inv(10)(p11.2q22) as the sole karyotypic abnormality. Of 4 cases of EMC previously analyzed, 2 showed a t(9;22)(q22;q11-12) and one case of a t(9;22;15)(q31;q12.2;q25). Thus, 5 out of 7 cases of EMC showed recombination between 9q22-31 and 22q11-12, indicating that this represents a @entity5 specific abnormality. The breakpoints on 22q were in all 5 cases cytogenetically indistinguishable from those seen in @entity2828 with t(11;22), clear-cell sarcoma with t(12;22), and @entity2269 with t(11;22). Molecular cloning of these translocation breakpoints revealed involvement of the @entity12726 gene (located at 22q12) in all 3 @entity5 types. These observations raise the intriguing question of whether the @entity12726 gene might also be involved in the t(9;22) in EMC.

title: Translocation t(9;22)(q22;q12) is a primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small round cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity3293 :: ('MESH:C563195', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid chondrosarcoma']

answer: @entity3293 :: (MESH:C563195,Disease) :: ['cytogenetic abnormality in extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma']


abstract: Insights into the experience of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 are needed to optimize @entity1 care. A retrospective, multicenter registry of @entity1358 @entity1 treated at academic (Duke) and community (ACORN) practices was developed to fill this need. Treatment data were collected on 466 @entity1 who received first-line therapy from 2007 to 2011. Clinically significant adverse events (AEs) were abstracted from medical records and compared to clinical trials. Two hundred and seventy @entity1 received first-line therapy with @entity2240 , 60 @entity13850 , 53 @entity2857 , 25 @entity6219 , and 58 "other." A total of 85.8 % of all @entity1 experienced at least one AE: fatigue (56.7 %), @entity391 (40.1 %), @entity294 (33.7 %), @entity1395 (32.8 %), and @entity32 (20.8 %). When comparisons were made between @entity1 >65 versus <65 years old, rates of AEs were higher in the younger group. Dosing approaches and timing of AEs during therapy were varied. These data shine light on the @entity1 experience in routine practice versus structured clinical trials. Real-world AE frequency and severity differ from pivotal trials demonstrating the need to monitor @entity1 closely and manage their AEs to optimize outcomes. As the number of treatment options with similar effectiveness grows, it is imperative to understand the real-world @entity1 experience.

title: Use of "Real-World" data to describe adverse events during the treatment of XXXX in routine clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to the difficulty encountered in disseminating resource-intensive @entity341 ( @entity341 )-based brief @entity285 interventions into real-world settings, this study evaluated the effect of a mailed personalized feedback intervention for problem drinking @entity341 @entity1 . At 6-week follow-up, this intervention was associated with a statistically significant reduction in @entity285 consumption among @entity1 with @entity285 -involved @entity341 presentations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of this intervention over time. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among problem drinking @entity341 @entity1 , defined as those scoring 8 or more on the @entity285 Use Disorders Identification Test. @entity1 in the intervention group received mailed personalized feedback regarding their @entity285 consumption. The control group received no feedback. Follow-up interviews were conducted over the phone, postal survey, or email survey 6  weeks and 6  months after baseline screening, and repeat @entity341 presentations over 12-month follow-up were ascertained via linked @entity341 records. RESULTS: Six-month follow-up interviews were completed with 210 @entity1 (69%), and linked @entity341 records were obtained for 286 @entity1 (94%). The intervention had no effect on @entity285 consumption, while findings regarding @entity285 -related @entity130 and repeat @entity341 presentations remain inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: Further research in which the receipt of feedback is improved and a booster intervention is provided is recommended.

title: Randomized Controlled Trial of Mailed Personalized Feedback for Risky Drinkers in the Emergency Department: The Impact on XXXX Consumption, @entity285 -Related Injuries, and Repeat Emergency Department Presentations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity285 :: ('D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity285 :: (D000431,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity121 (Welander) were subjected to muscle biopsy from the anterior tibial muscle (n = 4) and to nerve biopsy from the sural nerve at the ankle (n = 5) in order to elucidate a possible @entity2483 . The type I muscle fibres had a larger mean cross-sectional area as compared to normal controls and an increased variation in fibre size with both @entity1184 and @entity3202 fibres in one and the same biopsy. A normal muscle fibre type composition was found in the @entity1 . Structural muscle @entity2537 such as @entity3202 fibres, mainly angulated, split fibres, rimmed vacuoles and centrally located nuclei were found in all biopsies. A disorganization and loss of myofibrils as well as autolytic vacuoles were the most prominent findings at the ultrastructural level. Two @entity1 had a moderate @entity17 . The mean nerve fibre density was decreased as compared to normal controls while the mean nerve fibre area and circular diameter were increased due to selective loss of small diameter (A-delta) nerve fibres. The muscle and nerve @entity2537 are discussed with reference to @entity1109 . Some muscle @entity2537 are typical for a @entity74 while some others are mostly seen in @entity121 but may also appear in neurogenic conditions. A neurogenic etiology in @entity9321 is further supported by the finding of loss of small diameter nerve fibres in the sural nerve.

title: Neurogenic involvement in XXXX (Welander). Histochemical and morphological observations on muscle and nerve biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['loss of myelinated sural nerve fibres']

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['Welander distal myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic and myopathic changes']

entities_list: @entity2537 :: ('MESH:D020966', 'Disease') :: ['fibre abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic component of the disease']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['distal myopathy', 'myopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['distal myopathy']


abstract: @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) is a persistent pollutant worldwide and even found in @entity1 cord blood and breast milk. Some animal studies have reported that @entity2207 causes developmental @entity137 such as fetal weight loss, but the mechanism is still unclear. This study focused on developmental @entity137 of @entity2207 , particularly impacts of @entity2207 on placental endocrine function such as placental prolactin (PRL)-family hormone gene expression and fetal growth in @entity19 . Time-mated CD-1 @entity19 were dosed by gavage with 0, 2, 10 and 25 mg/kg B.W/day of @entity2207 (n-10) dissolved with de-ionized water from gestational day (GD) 11-16. During treatment, body weight of each pregnant @entity19 was measured daily. On day 16, caesarean sections were performed and developmental data were observed. Three placentas from three different pregnant @entity19 were assigned to each of the following experiments. The mRNA levels of @entity19 @entity17164 , prolactin like protein (mPLP)-E, -F and Pit-1a and b isotype mRNAs, a transacting factor of mPLs and mPLPs genes, were analyzed using northern blot, in situ hybridization and RT-PCR, respectively. @entity1017 was significantly declined from GD 13 in the @entity2207 treated groups compared to control. Developmental data such as fetal and placental weights were significantly decreased in accordance with @entity2207 dosage. Number of dead fetuses and post-implantation losses were significantly increased in the @entity2207 -exposed groups. In addition, placental efficiency (fetal weight/placental weight) was significantly reduced in @entity2207 treated groups in accordance with @entity2207 dosage. Histopathologic changes were observed in placenta. Dose dependent necrotic changes were observed in both 10 mg and 25 mg @entity2207 treated groups. Cell frequency of glycogen trophoblast cell and parietal trophoblast giant cell were decreased dose dependently in the junctional zone. In the labyrinth zone, sinusoidal trophoblast giant cell frequency was decreased in the 25 mg @entity2207 treated group. Also, morphological change such as crushed nuclear ( @entity194 ) of trophoblast cells was observed in 25 mg @entity2207 treated group. Finally, mRNA levels of the @entity17164 , @entity17165 , -F and Pit-1a and b were significantly reduced in the @entity2207 treated groups dose dependently. In addition, the changing pattern between @entity17164 , @entity17165 , -F mRNA levels and fetal body weight showed positive relationship. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of @entity2207 on the placental prolactin-family hormone genes expression may be secondary effects to insufficient trophoblast cell type differentiation and/or increased trophoblast cell necrosis. The impacts of @entity2207 on placental development and endocrine function reduced the placental efficiency and partly contributed to the @entity1592 in the @entity19 .

title: XXXX -induced inhibition of placental prolactin-family hormone and @entity1592 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Maternal body weight gain']

answer: @entity2206 :: (MESH:C023036,Chemical) :: ['Perfluorooctanoic acid']


abstract: Natural products using plants have received considerable attention because of their potential to treat @entity66 . Arrabidaea chica (Humb. _ Bonpl.) B. Verlot is a native tropical American vine with healing properties employed in folk medicine for wound healing, @entity32 , and gastrointestinal colic. Applying nanotechnology to plant extracts has revealed an advantageous strategy for herbal drugs considering the numerous features that nanostructured systems offer, including solubility, bioavailability, and pharmacological activity enhancement. The present study reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan- @entity6224 nanoparticles (NPs) charged with A. chica standardized extract ( @entity1289 ). Particle size and zeta potential were measured using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP morphological characteristics were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Our studies indicated that the chitosan/ @entity6224 mass ratio of 5 and volume ratio of 10 were found to be the best condition to achieve the lowest NP sizes, with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 150  13 nm and a zeta potential of +45  2 mV. Particle size decreased with @entity1289 addition (60  10.2 nm), suggesting an interaction between the extract's composition and polymers. The NP biocompatibility was evaluated using @entity1 skin fibroblasts. @entity1289 -NP demonstrated capability of maintaining cell viability at the lowest concentrations tested, stimulating cell proliferation at higher concentrations. Antiulcerogenic activity of @entity1289 -NP was also evaluated with an acute gastric ulcer experimental model induced by @entity1068 and @entity3352 . NPs loaded with A. chica extract reduced the @entity1066 index using lower doses compared with the free extract, suggesting that extract encapsulation in chitosan NPs allowed for a dose reduction for a gastroprotective effect. The @entity1289 encapsulation offers an approach for further application of the A. chica extract that could be considered a potential candidate for ulcer-healing pharmaceutical systems.

title: Chitosan- XXXX nanoparticles as Arrabidaea chica standardized extract carrier: synthesis, characterization, biocompatibility, and antiulcerogenic activity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity6224 :: ('MESH:C005692', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tripolyphosphate']

answer: @entity6224 :: (MESH:C005692,Chemical) :: ['tripolyphosphate']