abstract: PURPOSE: Sleep disruption is prevalent in @entity1 with @entity5 and survivors, but the prevalence of @entity22 , a distressing @entity25 , in these populations has yet to be determined in large-scale studies. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 823 @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy (mean age, 58 years; 597 female @entity1 ) reported on @entity25 in a prospective study. RESULTS: During day 7 of cycle 1 of chemotherapy, 36.6% (n = 301) of the @entity1 with @entity5 reported @entity22 symptoms, and 43% (n = 362) met the diagnostic criteria for @entity22 . @entity1 with @entity5 younger than 58 years were significantly more likely to experience either symptoms of @entity22 (chi(2) = 13.6; P = .0002). @entity1 with @entity0 had the highest number of @entity22 . A significant positive association was found between symptoms of @entity22 during cycles 1 and 2 of chemotherapy (phi = .62, P < .0001), showing persistence of @entity22 during the first two cycles of chemotherapy. Sixty percent of the @entity1 sample reported that their @entity22 symptoms remained unchanged from cycle 1 to cycle 2. Those with @entity22 complaints had significantly more @entity308 and @entity1295 than @entity25 (all P < .0001). CONCLUSION: The proportions of @entity1 with @entity5 in this sample reporting symptoms of @entity22 and meeting diagnostic criteria for @entity22 during chemotherapy are approximately three times higher than the proportions reported in the general population. @entity22 complaints persist throughout the second chemotherapy cycle for the majority of @entity1 with @entity5 in this study. @entity22 is prevalent, underrecognized, undermanaged, and understudied among @entity1 with @entity5 receiving chemotherapy.

title: Prevalence, demographics, and psychological associations of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity5 : University of Rochester Cancer Center-Community Clinical Oncology Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep difficulties', 'good sleepers', 'sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['overall insomnia complaints', 'insomnia or insomnia syndrome', 'Insomnia', 'insomnia', 'insomnia syndrome']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disruption']


abstract: In a retrospective review all cases of @entity1821 recorded in the province of Manitoba from 1944 to 1978 were studied. There were 104 @entity1 . Follow-up was obtained in all. Sites of @entity5 were peripheral limb in 45 @entity1 , limb girdle in 15, retroperitoneal area in 23 and trunk and neck in 21. Fifty-seven percent of the @entity1 were @entity1 : the disease was most commonly found in @entity1 aged 50 to 69 years. Initial treatment was excision in 96 @entity1 with irradiation in 26 and chemotherapy in 6. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 60% and 49% respectively. In those who had definitive surgery the prognosis was somewhat better, while radiotherapy had little beneficial effect. Prognosis was also related to the pathologic type; well differentiated and myxoid types had a better prognosis than round cell or @entity5 . Trunk and @entity5 were associated with higher survival rates than limb girdle or @entity8678 . At least 37 @entity1 had local recurrences; distant @entity3 occurred in at least 26, most commonly to the lungs, bones and liver. Unusual cases consisted of a @entity1 with a multicentric @entity5 involving bones, a young @entity1 with a @entity135 and a @entity1 with a @entity0 .

title: XXXX : the Manitoba experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'peripheral limb tumours', 'pleomorphic tumours']

entities_list: @entity8678 :: ('MESH:D012186', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1821 :: (MESH:D008080,Disease) :: ['Liposarcoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Remeex (Mechanical External Regulation) sling is a mid-urethral sling that allows adjustment of the sling tension in the postoperative period. We evaluated the early outcomes of the procedure in @entity1 in whom the success rate of tension-free slings is low, such as with @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 17 @entity1 with urodynamically proven stress @entity322 (SUI) who underwent the Remeex procedure and were followed for at least 12 months. The @entity1 were considered to have @entity1690 on the basis of a Valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) <60 cm @entity2507 or a maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) <20 cm @entity2507 . We analyzed parameters including history taking, urodynamic study (UDS), and postoperative clinical outcomes. @entity1 's success and satisfaction rates were evaluated after the procedure. Also, we asked about lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) with a questionnaire, and the severity of LUTSs was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and 12 months after the operation. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 55.6+/-9.58 years. Four (23.5%) @entity1 had mixed @entity322 . Five @entity1 (29.4%) had undergone previous surgery for SUI. At a mean follow-up of 13.3 months (range, 12-16 months), 14 @entity1 (82.3%) were cured and 3 @entity1 (17.6%) were improved. Four @entity1 (23.5%) answered very satisfied and 13 @entity1 (76.4%) answered satisfied on the satisfaction questionnaire. Also, LUTSs were improved except @entity158 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This procedure provides high cure and satisfaction rates. Our results demonstrate that the Remeex procedure is suitable for @entity1 with SUI with @entity1690 .

title: Readjustable sling procedure for the treatment of female stress @entity322 with XXXX : preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['voiding pain']

answer: @entity1690 :: (MESH:D046628,Disease) :: ['intrinsic sphincter deficiency']


abstract: 49, @entity20110 is the most severe variant of @entity252 ( @entity252 ) affecting about 1/85000 male births. The classical presentation is the triad: @entity1032 , @entity6126 and radio ulnar @entity8213 . Indeed, the reproductive function of @entity5789 is distinguished from @entity252 . Besides, Leydig cell @entity5 are described in cases of @entity252 , but never documented in the Klinefelter variants.We describe a young adult of 22  years old who presented with hyper @entity6126 , delayed @entity1175 and bilateral micro-cryptorchidism. Chromosomal pentasomy was confirmed since infancy. Bilateral orchidectomy revealed a unilateral well-circumscribed @entity8302 associated with bilateral @entity1373 .Inspired from reporting the first case of @entity8302 in a 49,XXXXY @entity1 , we summarize the particularities of testicular function in 49,XXXXY from one side, and the risk and mechanisms of Leydig cell tumorigenesis in Klinefelter variants on the other side. The histological destructions in 49,XXXXY testes and @entity6126 are more profound than in Klinefelter @entity1 , with early Sertoli, Leydig and germ cell destruction. Furthermore, the risk of Leydigioma development in @entity252 and its variants remains a dilemma. We believe that the risk of Leydigioma is much higher in @entity252 than the general population. By contrast, the risk could be lower in the Klinefelter variants with more than 3 supplementary X chromosomes, owing to an earlier and more profound destruction of Leydig cells rendering them irresponsive to chronic Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulation.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with 49,XXXXY karyotype: a review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity5789 :: ('MESH:C536016', 'Disease') :: ["Fraccaro's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity8302 :: ('MESH:D007984', 'Disease') :: ['Leydig cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'gonadotropic hypogonadism', 'hypergonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity20110 :: ('MESH:C535319', 'Disease') :: ["XXXXY pentasomy or Fraccaro's syndrome"]

answer: @entity8302 :: (MESH:D007984,Disease) :: ['Leydig cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict disseminated microscopic foci or occult micrometastases in the peritoneal cavity in @entity1 with @entity356 . DESIGN: Randomly selected @entity1 with @entity356 had peritoneal washings performed at the beginning of laparotomy. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity356 and 10 @entity1 with other benign disease as a control group. SETTING: Inpatients in a surgical department. INTERVENTIONS: The concentration of collagen type IV in the irrigated peritoneal fluid was measured radioimmunologically. Intraoperative peritoneal cytologic examination and measurements of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Results of the quantitative analyses of the collagen type IV concentrations as related to the clinicopathological characteristics and comparison of these results with regard to those of the peritoneal cytologic examination and @entity787 and collagen type IV levels. RESULTS: There were eight @entity1 with elevated collagen type IV concentrations. They had @entity189 with serosal invasion ( @entity1803 and pT4) and metastatic spread (pN2, M1). @entity1 with clinically evident peritoneal disseminated @entity3 had significantly higher collagen type IV concentrations compared with those without @entity3 . The collagen type IV levels were more sensitive than peritoneal cytologic examination or @entity787 values in detecting disseminated @entity3 . There was an early peritoneal recurrence in the form of ovarian @entity3 in one @entity1 with negative cytologic results and an elevated collagen type IV level. Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant correlation between the collagen type IV and @entity787 levels. CONCLUSION: Quantitative detection of abnormal collagen type IV levels may be useful for predicting the presence of disseminated @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: Relationship between peritoneal collagen type IV concentrations and the presence of disseminated @entity3 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Hepatic lipocyte proliferation and activation are pivotal in liver @entity82 . Disruption of normal lipocyte-matrix interactions may contribute to this process. The synthesis of transin, which degrades normal liver matrix, by culture-activated hepatic lipocytes was investigated. METHODS: Lipocytes were isolated by pronase/collagenase perfusion, density gradient centrifugation, and centrifugal elutriation. Transin messenger RNA in lipocytes was analyzed by Northern blotting. Transin activity was analyzed by zymography, Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and quantitative [14C]beta-casein degradation assay. RESULTS: Transin messenger RNA was detected in early primary culture (3-5 days) but not in freshly isolated lipocytes or late primary culture. Zymography of lipocyte medium showed caseinolytic activity (relative molecular weight, 57 kilodaltons and 60 kilodaltons) inhibited by @entity1098 but not @entity1432 or @entity563 protease inhibitors. Immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of transin in media and cells. Quantitative transin activity decreased progressively with increasing duration of primary lipocyte culture and myofibroblastic transformation. CONCLUSION: @entity35 hepatic lipocytes express the transin gene and secrete its product during the early phase of lipocyte activation in primary culture. Because this enzyme degrades a wide spectrum of normal basement membrane proteins and activates progelatinase B and interstitial collagenase, it may have an important role in @entity99 and @entity82 .

title: XXXX hepatic lipocytes synthesize and secrete transin (stromelysin) in early primary culture.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl-enediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The @entity2227 receptor channels of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) subtype are composed of different subunits named @entity4474 and @entity4476 -D. These subunits can combine in different oligomers with diverging properties and their expression is developmentally regulated. We have used @entity35 cerebellar slice cultures to test the involvement of bioelectrical activity and synaptic transmission in the changes in @entity4476 -C expression observed in developing granule cells. A correlation between the functional properties of the @entity143 receptors and expression of the @entity4476 -C mRNAs was obtained in single granule cells by coupling patch-clamp recording and reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Granule cells grown under standard culture conditions expressed mainly @entity4476 mRNA when examined after 15-40 days in vitro. Consistent with this observation, their responses to @entity143 were only weakly reduced by 3 microM @entity4320 , a non-competitive antagonist which discriminates between @entity4476 and @entity4319 subunits in expression systems. In cerebellar cultures chronically exposed to @entity1022 to eliminate spontaneous electrical activity, granule cells maintained a predominant expression of @entity4319 subunits and their responses to @entity143 were largely inhibited by 3 microM @entity4320 . These results provide evidence that the expression of the @entity4476 subunits is regulated through an activity-dependent mechanism leading to the formation of @entity143 receptors with different pharmacological properties. Finally, the @entity4477 subunit, abundantly expressed in vivo by adult granule cells, was only rarely detected in slice cultures, even when excitatory synapses were formed between granule cells and fibres originating from co-cultured brainstem explants. These data suggest that the induction of @entity4477 expression observed in vivo requires an additional factor(s) that remains to be identified.

title: Activity-dependent regulation of @entity1024 receptor subunit expression in XXXX cerebellar granule cells.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity4320 :: ('MESH:C010739', 'Chemical') :: ['ifenprodil']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a mono-institutional series of @entity1 treated with anterior craniofacial resection for @entity13382 . METHODS: We analyzed all @entity1 with @entity13382 treated with anterior craniofacial resection at our institution between 1987 and 2007. All @entity5 were classified according to both the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)-2002 and the Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT) classifications. RESULTS: The sample included 366 @entity1 . There was intraorbital spread in 108 cases. The skull base was eroded in 127 @entity1 , with dura or brain involvement in 93 @entity1 . The 10-year disease-specific survival was 53.1%. Histologic subtype, INT stage, surgical margins, and postsurgical radiotherapy were significant, independent predictors for both local relapse and disease-specific survival (DSS). The AJCC-2002 classification was not significant when tested in place of INT stage. CONCLUSION: Our data indicated that craniofacial resection and postsurgical radiotherapy remain the primary option for @entity5 involving the anterior skull base.

title: Anterior craniofacial resection for XXXX : a monoinstitutional experience of 366 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13382 :: ('MESH:D010255', 'Disease') :: ['malignant paranasal sinus tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignant tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant paranasal tumors']


abstract: A wide range of disorders give rise to eosinophil counts greater than 1.5 X 10(9)/l ( @entity1712 ) and @entity299 . The best known of these is @entity1712 (L  ffler's @entity18032 ), which occurs as a major complication of the @entity5441 . Here the heart damage appears to be a direct result of tissue injury produced by toxic eosinophil granule proteins within the heart. However, it is not known what causes the @entity1712 in these @entity1 , why the eosinophils degranulate, or why the endocardium is especially susceptible to this @entity130 . A number of parasitic @entity281 may give rise to @entity2401 . This is usually the result of the presence of the parasites within the @entity1562 where they die within inflammatory lesions, which may be extensive. Occasionally, drug reactions and rejection of a transplanted heart may produce @entity2401 . @entity56 and @entity1333 (the @entity12534 ), which gives rise to @entity738 involving the @entity1562 , and eosinophilic ( @entity56 ) @entity2401 usually respond rapidly to treatment with @entity230 . However, diffuse myocardial involvement may lead to @entity712 , and some of these @entity1 may later develop @entity384 . It is concluded that the heart may be affected by a variety of diseases in which eosinophils are a prominent component in the inflammatory cell infiltrates. Eosinophils themselves may contribute to some of the @entity296 which occurs in these diseases, and attempts to limit this with @entity230 may be worthwhile in some @entity1 .

title: @entity1712 affecting the XXXX and endocardium: a review.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic endomyocardial disease', 'hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity5441 :: ('MESH:D017681', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic granulomatosis', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity18032 :: ('MESH:D004719', 'Disease') :: ['endomyocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'eosinophilic myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury']

answer: @entity1562 :: (MESH:D017682,Disease) :: ['myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and practicality of nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) are controversial. METHODS: Review of a large breast center's experience identified 99 @entity1 who underwent intended NSM with subareolar biopsy and breast reconstruction for primary @entity0 . Outcome was assessed by biopsy status, postoperative @entity39 or removal, @entity5 recurrence, and @entity5 . RESULTS: NSM was attempted for invasive @entity5 (64 breasts, 24 with positive lymph nodes), noninvasive @entity5 (35 breasts), and/or contralateral prophylaxis (50 breasts). Twenty-two nipples (14%) were removed because of positive subareolar biopsy results (frozen or permanent section). Seven @entity1 underwent a pre-NSM surgical delay procedure because of increased risk for @entity39 . Reconstruction used transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps (56 breasts), latissimus flaps with expander (35 breasts), or expander alone (58 breasts). Of 127 retained nipples, 8 (6%) became @entity39 and 2 others (2%) were removed at @entity1 request. There was no @entity39 when NSM was performed after a surgical delay procedure. At a mean follow-up of 60.2  months, all 3 @entity1 with recurrence had biopsy-proven subareolar disease and had undergone nipple removal at original mastectomy. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Five-year recurrence rate is low when NSM margins (frozen section and permanent) are negative. @entity39 can be minimized by incisions that maximize perfusion of surrounding skin and by avoiding long flaps. A premastectomy surgical delay procedure improves nipple survival in high-risk @entity1 . NSM can be performed safely with all types of breast reconstruction.

title: Nipple-sparing mastectomy in 99 XXXX with a mean follow-up of 5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-specific death']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'nipple necrosis', 'Nipple necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) and open surgical repair (OR) for treatment of radiation-induced @entity543 (RICS). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 60 @entity1 treated for 73 RICSs from a group of 5,824 @entity1 who had carotid interventions between 1992 and 2009. Thirty-three @entity1 (37 arteries) were treated with @entity2998 and 27 @entity1 (36 arteries) with OR. @entity2998 was performed using embolic protection as part of a prospective institutional registry since 2003. End-points included mortality, @entity64 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), @entity128 ( @entity128 ), wound complication, @entity256 , and reintervention. RESULTS: Demographics and cardiovascular risk factors were similar in both groups, with the exception of higher rates (P < .05) of @entity407 (81% vs 56%) and @entity453 (63% vs 33%) in OR @entity1 . There were more @entity1 with tracheostomy (31% vs 4%) and time interval from irradiation to intervention was longer in the @entity2998 group. There were no early deaths. At 30 days, OR was associated with one (3%) @entity64 , two (5.5%) MIs, six (17%) CNIs, and three (8%) wound complications. OR @entity1 with prior radical neck dissections had more wound complications (14% vs 5%) and CNIs (28% vs 9%) compared with those without neck dissections. In the @entity2998 group, there were two (6%) @entity64 and no MIs, CNIs, or wound complications. Mean length of hospital stay was longer after OR than @entity2998 (4.1    3.7 days vs 2.4    2.1 days; P = .02). Median follow-up was 58 months. At 7 years, OR was associated with higher @entity1 survival (75%    15% vs 29%    13%, P = .008) and freedom from neurological events (100% vs 57%    9.5%, P = .058), but similar freedom from @entity256 (80%    10% vs 72%    9%) and reinterventions (87%    10% vs 86%    9%) compared with @entity2998 . CONCLUSION: Carotid artery stenting for radiation-induced @entity850 has the advantages of no @entity129 with similar early @entity64 rate compared with open carotid repair. However, the lower freedom from neurological events may offset the early benefits of carotid stenting in @entity1 who are considered good candidates for open surgery.

title: Outcomes of XXXX versus historical surgical controls for radiation-induced @entity543 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['CNI or wound complications']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['CNI', 'cranial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenting']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 with @entity1313 were diagnosed and treated during the first 24 months of life. They represent 16% of 608 @entity1 with @entity1313 treated from 1952 through 1984. The most common histological type of @entity1313 during the first 24 months are benign astrocytoma, @entity2946 , and @entity2846 . The @entity5 location is distributed relatively evenly among the cerebellum and the 4th ventricle, the cerebral hemisphere (including the lateral ventricle), and the suprasellar region and 3rd ventricle. The chief presenting signs and symptoms are a full fontanelle, @entity4651 , changes of behavior, and delayed developmental milestones. Localizing signs are infrequent. Ninety-two @entity1 underwent craniotomy with a one-month surgical mortality rate of 12%. The surgical mortality rate was 5.6% among 36 recent @entity1 diagnosed by computed tomography. The 5-year survival rate is 41% in the @entity1 younger than 12 months and 74% in @entity1 diagnosed during the 2nd year of life. This study indicates the validity of Collins' rule for @entity2946 during the first 24 months of life, but not for benign or malignant @entity816 .

title: XXXX during the first twenty-four months of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity4651 :: ('MESH:D058627', 'Disease') :: ['macrocephaly']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumors']


abstract: Normal @entity1641 of all ages regularly show evidence of having responded immunologically to @entity5820 , thus adding serological support to epidemiological evidence that this organism is a normal intestinal inhabitant. More animals from "diseased" farms show a stronger antibody response when compared with foals from "healthy" farms. Various serological tests have been used to detect evidence of @entity281 and to relate antibody level to severity of disease. Anti-R. equi IgG antibody levels, as measured by ELISA, are raised significantly during natural @entity281 . Clinical severity of @entity55 can be correlated with lower specific antibody responses. Following experimental @entity281 , immunological responses can be detected by complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA, lymphocyte blastogenesis and skin testing. Very little work has been carried out to evaluate vaccines against @entity5820 @entity281 and results have not been encouraging. Success in treatment has been reported following passive immunisation. Administration of immune leucocyte extracts has had no effect on morbidity or mortality rates. The widespread distribution of this organism, together with the relative infrequency of disease caused by it, suggest that @entity5820 may initiate @entity281 only in such circumstances as a very high infectious challenge, immunological @entity44 or @entity74 .

title: The immunological response of foals to XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in the host and genetic predisposition']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immaturity']

answer: @entity5820 :: (43767,Species) :: ['Rhodococcus equi']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genes explaining the susceptibility to @entity170 have not been fully elucidated. Our objective was to explore the association of polymorphisms capturing common variations of the @entity8950 and 6 genes, encoding two Wnt receptors, with femoral neck @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity3604 of the spine and the hip. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, case-control, and replication genetic association study. METHODS: Thirty-nine tagging and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in a group of 1043 postmenopausal @entity1 and 394 @entity1 with @entity173 . The results were replicated in a different group of 342 @entity1 . RESULTS: Three SNPs of the @entity17656 gene were associated with @entity79 (nominal uncorrected P values <0.05) in the discovery cohort. One showed a significant association after multiple test correction; two of them were also associated in the replication cohort, with a combined standardized mean difference of 0.51 (P=0.009) and 0.47 (P<0.003) across @entity22447 and @entity22448 genotypes. In the discovery cohort, several @entity8950 SNPs were associated with @entity174 (odds ratio (OR) 0.67; P=0.01), with @entity173 (unadjusted ORs between 0.59 and 1.21; P=0.005-0.033, but not significant after multiple test adjustment or age adjustment), and with height and the projected femoral neck area, but not with @entity79 . Transcripts of @entity8950 and @entity17656 were similarly abundant in bone samples. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found common polymorphisms of @entity8950 associated with @entity3604 , and polymorphisms of the @entity17656 gene associated with @entity79 , thus suggesting them as likely candidates to contribute to the explaination of the hereditary influence on @entity170 .

title: Wnt receptors, bone mass, and @entity174 : gene-wide association analysis of XXXX and @entity17656 polymorphisms with replication.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity8950 :: ('4041', 'Gene') :: ['LRP5', 'lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) 5']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity8950 :: (4041,Gene) :: ['LRP5']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the mortality and conduit failure in @entity291 jugular vein (BJV) conduits. METHODS: Between October 1999 and February 2009, 193 @entity1 (mean age, 6.7    5.8 years; range, 5 days to 18 years; mean weight, 23.9    21.0 kg; range, 2.4-105.4 kg) had been discharged after BJV implantation. The reason for BJV implantation was right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction in 117 conduit replacement in 44, and the Ross procedure in 32. The diameter of the BJV was 12 mm in 18 @entity1 (9.3%), 14 mm in 16 (8.3%), 16 mm in 42 (21.7%), 18 mm in 37 (19.2%), 20 mm in 15 (7.8%), and 22 mm in 65 (33.7%). RESULTS: At a mean    SD follow-up of 4.6    2.3 y/ @entity1 (range, 8 months to 10 years), 5 late deaths (2.6%) had occurred, all unrelated to conduit failure. Conduit-related problems required an interventional procedure as the first treatment in 10 @entity1 (5.2%) within a mean interval of 2.5    1.4 years (range, 8 months to 5.3 years) or surgical revision in 5 @entity1 (2.6%) after 2.1    1.9 years (range, 19 days to 4.1 years). Late deaths occurred in 5.9% (2/34) of @entity1 with a BJV size of 12 to 14 mm versus 1.9% (3/159) in @entity1 with a size of 16 to 22 mm (P = NS). An interventional procedure or surgical revision was required in 29.4% (10/34) of @entity1 with a BJV size of 12 to 14 mm versus 3.1% (5/159) in @entity1 with a size of 16 to 22 mm (P < .0005). CONCLUSIONS: After 10 years of experience with the BJV, this conduit has remained a reliable alternative to pulmonary homografts with respect to survival and freedom from conduit failure. However, the incidence was greater and the presentation of conduit failure was earlier in @entity1 with a smaller size BJV conduit (12-14 mm).

title: XXXX jugular vein valved conduit: up to 10 years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: A diverting stoma is commonly used to reduce the risk of @entity834 when performing @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in anterior resection for @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of fecal diversion in relation to @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken on a national cohort, originally created to study the impact of central arterial ligation on @entity1 with increased cardiovascular risk. Some 741 @entity1 operated with anterior resection for @entity5 during the years 2007 through 2010 were followed up for 53  months. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of diverting stoma on the risk of @entity834 and permanent stoma, expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The risk of @entity834 was increased in @entity348 surgery when not using a diverting stoma (OR 5.1; 95  % CI 2.2-11.6), while the corresponding risk increase in @entity1625 @entity1 was modest (OR 1.8; 95  % CI 0.8-4.0). At study completion or @entity204 , 26 and 13  % of @entity348 and @entity1625 @entity1 , respectively, had a permanent stoma. A diverting stoma was a statistically significant risk factor for a permanent stoma in @entity1625 @entity1 (OR 4.7; 95  % CI 2.5-9.0), while less important in @entity348 @entity1 (OR 1.8; 95  % CI 0.6-5.5). CONCLUSION: The benefit of a diverting stoma concerning @entity834 in this @entity1 group seems doubtful. Moreover, the diverting stoma itself may contribute to the high rate of permanent stomas.

title: Current use of diverting stoma in anterior resection for @entity5 : population-based cohort study of total and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PME', 'partial mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['partial mesorectal excision']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of a novel Stealth liposomal encapsulated formulation of @entity632 ( @entity632 ). A Phase I/II dose escalation study was carried out in a specialist @entity645 oncology unit in a teaching hospital (predominantly in an outpatient department). Fifteen @entity1 with @entity645 related, biopsy confirmed, cutaneous @entity2826 , with or without visceral involvement of sufficient severity to require systemic chemotherapy, were treated. Most @entity1 had poor prognosis disease as assessed by the @entity5 /Immune status/Systemic symptoms (TIS) system and Karnofsky indices; six @entity1 had previously received combination chemotherapy. Primary treatment consisted of a dose of @entity632 10 mg/m2, repeated after 2 weeks. If the @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) responded and the treatment was tolerated, the @entity1 began maintenance therapy at the same dose every 2 weeks. If there was no clinical response, the dose was increased to 20 mg/m2 for the further two cycles, before proceeding to maintenance therapy. Treatment continued until other intercurrent disease, lack of further response, @entity1 preference, or @entity137 precluded further treatment. @entity5 response was assessed 2 weeks after completion of at least two cycles of chemotherapy. @entity137 was assessed for each cycle. @entity632 was well tolerated, and @entity137 was manageable, the principal @entity137 being haematological. A partial response rate of 11/15 (73%) was achieved, with disease stabilization in the remaining @entity1 . We conclude that @entity632 is an effective palliative treatment for @entity2826 in a @entity1 group with a poor predicted outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Liposomal @entity632 ( @entity632 ): an effective new treatment for XXXX in AIDS.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin', 'Doxil']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", 'epidemic KS', 'KS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['Kaposi's sarcoma']


abstract: The development of the @entity1573 bulbar @entity299 has been studied ultrastructurally from the 3rd day of incubation to hatching. For descriptive purposes, their development has been divided into three phases. The first phase includes migration and aggregation of undifferentiated neuroblasts, stages 21-26 (day 3.5-5). Cardiac branches of the vagus first grow toward the heart at 3.5 days of incubation. The nerves are accompanied by migrating @entity6648 . The neuroblasts begin to aggregate at 4.5 days around the aortic arch arteries and truncus arteriosus. Some of these cells sprout axonal processes by day 5. A sparse population of developing supporting cells can be found near some neuroblasts and nerves. During the second phase of development, stages 27-36 (days 5-10), the neuroblasts assume a globular shape and have eccentric, indented nuclei. Supporting cells become more numerous as this phase of development progresses. Axodendritic synapses appear first at stage 34 in the ganglia. The neurons and supporting cells in the ganglia undergo maturation during the final phase from stage 37 to hatching (11-21 days). The immature/mature ganglion cells are large ovoid to pyriform neurons which become rounder as the cytoplasm accumulates. Axosomatic synapses are seen first at stage 38. Small supporting cells become more numerous. Clusters of @entity2922 -containing cells near the @entity299 are present during the final phase of development.

title: An ultrastructural study of the cardia ganglia in the bulbar plexus of the developing XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['neural crest neuroblasts']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ganglia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: The discoid form of platelets is maintained by a marginal band of tightly coiled microtubules. @entity8652 -tubulin is the major isoform within platelet and megakaryocyte microtubules. In 24.2% of 33 unrelated inherited @entity13836 @entity1 and in 10.6% of 272 subjects of a healthy population a P for Q substitution in @entity8652 -tubulin was found in the highly conserved residue 43. Heterozygous carriers of the @entity23388 variant showed a reduced platelet protein @entity8652 -tubulin expression. Transfection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity23388 @entity8652 -tubulin in megakaryocytic MEG01 cells resulted in a disturbed tubulin organization. Electron microscopy revealed enlarged spherocytic platelets with a disturbed marginal band and organelle-free zones. In addition, platelets with the @entity23388 @entity8652 -tubulin variant had reduced @entity855 ( @entity855 ) secretion, @entity2870 ( @entity2870 )-induced aggregation and collagen adhesion. The prevalence of the @entity23388 @entity8652 -tubulin variant was also 2 times higher (odds ratio, [OR] = 2.1;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-3.59) among control subjects than among @entity1 with @entity65 (10.4% versus 5.2%, P < .001). By analyzing this protective factor in @entity1 and @entity1 separately, this association was only found in @entity1 . This study thus presents the functional consequences of the platelet @entity23388 @entity8652 -tubulin substitution that is frequent in the healthy population and may protect @entity1 against arterial @entity715 .

title: The TUBB1 XXXX functional polymorphism reduces the risk of @entity65 in @entity1 by modulating platelet function and structure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2870 :: ('100187907', 'Gene') :: ['TRAP', 'thrombin receptor activating peptide']

entities_list: @entity13836 :: ('MESH:C564525', 'Disease') :: ['macrothrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity23388 :: ('p|SUB|Q|43|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q43P']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity23388 :: (p|SUB|Q|43|P,ProteinMutation) :: ['Q43P']


abstract: Our clinical experience with surgical salvage of thrombosed arteriovenous (AV) @entity292 and grafts, performed by a skilled interventional nephrologist is presented. A total of 286 surgical interventions were performed in 246 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 aged 12-87 years (55 +/- 16 years), 268/286 (93.7%) in AV @entity292 , 18/286 (6.3%) in grafts, and analyzed retrospectively. A subgroup of 61 procedures was analyzed prospectively. The type of procedure, immediate success and patency after surgery were evaluated. Thrombectomy with reanastomosis was performed in 197/286 (68.9%) and simple thrombectomy in 89/286 (31.1%) of the procedures. The time from @entity715 to surgery was 1-60 days (3.7 +/- 1.8). Immediate success was achieved in 258/286 (90.2%) of surgical procedures, 95.5% (189/198) in thrombectomies with reanastomosis, and 77.5% (69/89) in simple thrombectomies. Primary and secondary patency rates for AV @entity292 after surgical salvage at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 93.1, 84.0, 78.3, 75.0% and 96.6, 88.0, 78.3, 77.3%, respectively. In order to maintain secondary patency, 1.15 surgical procedures per @entity2548 were needed. The time to @entity715 in grafts was on average 10.2 months, primary and secondary functioning time from thrombectomy (until the end of observation period) was from 1 to 19 months (average 6.9 +/- 6.3 months) and from 5.5 to 19 months (average 9.1 +/- 5.6 months), respectively. In 7/16 (43.8%) surgical procedures, transluminal angioplasty and in 3/16 endovascular stent was placed after angioplasty. To maintain secondary patency, 2.3 surgical procedures per graft were needed. The surgical salvage of thrombosed AV @entity292 and grafts, performed by a skilled interventional nephrologist, is successful in the short and long-term.

title: Surgical salvage of thrombosed XXXX and grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AV fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of a routine assessment (clinical impression) with a structured assessment which uses a validated assessment scale for the recognition of @entity933 on the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN: Observational study. METHOD: During their admission to the intensive care unit, 103 @entity1 were assessed daily (with a maximum of 40 days) for the presence of @entity933 using the Confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU). Their physicians indicated whether or not they considered the @entity1 delirious. These findings were compared. For all @entity1 daily information was also collected about fixation and complications, such as self-extubation or self-removal of catheters. RESULTS: The @entity1 were assessed for a period of 502 @entity1 -days. CAM-ICU scores were positive (n = 108), negative (n = 235) or non-assessable because the @entity1 was comatosed or deeply sedated (n = 159). The sensitivity of clinical detection by the physicians was 45% in comparison to the CAM-ICU. The specificity was high (97%). CONCLUSION: The diagnosis @entity933 is frequently missed on the ICU when only based on clinical impression. Routine assessment using a validated assessment scale such as the CAM-ICU might possibly improve this.

title: [ XXXX on intensive care frequently missed: clinical impression alone is not enough].

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity933 :: (MESH:D003693,Disease) :: ['Delirium']


abstract: We have studied in seven healthy conscious volunteers the correlation between the electromyographic (EMG) and clinical criteria used to identify adequate recovery from sub-paralysing doses of @entity20158 . @entity20158 (mean dose 1.88 (range 0.92-3.16) mg) was administered to reach a T4/T1 ratio of 0.5; full recovery to 1.0 was produced in a mean time of 25.3 (14-39) min. During recovery from @entity4094 , we measured tidal volume, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) negative inspiratory pressure (NIP), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), mid-expiratory flow rate (MEFR) and 5-s head lift. The assessments were started when the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) ratio reached 0.5 +/- 0.001 and repeated at each 0.1 +/- 0.001 increase up to a ratio of 1.0. All volunteers showed @entity1736 and @entity892 after the first dose and difficulty in swallowing with subsequent doses. They also experienced a pleasant, relaxing sedative sensation. All could sustain head lift for 5 s at a @entity3370 ratio of 0.5 and higher, except for one subject who could not lift his head only at a ratio of 0.5. There was a statistically significant decrease in FVC, FEV1 and PEFR with a nonsignificant decrease in other pulmonary measurements, except for @entity2068 which only decreased significantly at a ratio of 0.5. These changes are probably of no clinical importance. All the measured respiratory variables returned to control values at a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9.

title: Pulmonary function and head lift during spontaneous recovery from pipecuronium XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity20158 :: ('MESH:D017300', 'Chemical') :: ['pipecuronium', 'Pipecuronium']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['neuromuscular block']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In @entity64 , mismatch between lesions seen on diffusion- (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) MRI has been used to identify @entity63 tissue before irreversible damage. Nevertheless, the concept of PWI/DWI mismatch is oversimplified and the @entity63 tissue metabolic status and outcome are often heterogeneous. Tissue pH, a well-regulated physiological index that alters on disrupted tissue metabolism, may provide a surrogate metabolic imaging marker that augments the DWI and PWI for penumbra imaging. METHODS: pH-weighted MRI was obtained by probing the pH-dependent @entity6346 proton transfer between endogenous mobile proteins/peptides and tissue water. The technique was validated using @entity64 models, optimized for @entity1 use, and preliminarily tested for imaging healthy volunteers. RESULTS: pH-weighted MRI is sensitive and specific to @entity63 tissue acidosis. pH MRI can be optimized for clinical use, and a pilot @entity1 study showed it is feasible using a standard 3 Tesla MRI scanner. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 can be imaged via an endogenous pH-weighted MRI technique, which complements conventional PWI and DWI for penumbra imaging. pH-weighted MRI has been optimized and appears feasible and practical in imaging @entity1 subjects. Additional study is necessary to elucidate the diagnostic use of pH MRI in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Early experience of translating pH-weighted MRI to image XXXX subjects at 3 Tesla.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['animal stroke', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic acidosis', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese individuals often present comorbidities while they appear protected against the development of @entity170 . However, few and contradictory data are now available on skeletal modifications in @entity28 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to characterise @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in overweight (BMI > 25 < 29.9) and @entity28 (BMI > 30) @entity1 . METHODS: We selected 398 @entity1 (291 @entity1 , 107 @entity1 , age 44.1 + 14.2 years, BMI 35.8 + 5.9 kg/m(2)) who underwent clinical examination, blood tests and examination of body composition. Subjects with chronic conditions or taking medications interfering with bone metabolism, hormonal and nutritional status and recent weight loss were excluded. RESULTS: Interestingly, 37% (n = 146) of this population showed a significantly lower than expected lumbar @entity79 : 33% (n = 98) of @entity1 showed a T-score -1.84 +/- 0.71, and 45% (n = 48) of @entity1 showed a T-score -1.88 +/- 0.64. When the population was divided into subgroups based on different BMI, it was noted that overweight (BMI > 25 < 29.9) was neutral or protective for @entity79 , whereas @entity28 (BMI > 30) was associated with a low bone mass, compatible with a diagnosis of @entity170 . No differences were observed in hormones and lipid profiles among subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that a subpopulation of @entity28 @entity1 has a significant low lumbar @entity79 than expected for age. Thus, a careful characterisation of skeletal metabolism might be useful in all @entity28 individuals to avoid @entity174 later in life.

title: Is @entity28 protective for @entity170 ? Evaluation of XXXX in individuals with high body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fragility fractures']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone mineral density']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) and miniaturized PNL (mPNL) for larger @entity1290 is under discussion. This non-randomized prospective study aimed to evaluate fURS and mPNL for solitary renal stones of 10-30 mm size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: fURS was carried out in 21 @entity1 with last generation 7.5F endoscopes. Ureteral access sheaths were used in 19 @entity1 . For mPNL, an 18F modified Amplatz sheath with a 14F nephroscope were used (n = 25). The procedure was performed either tubeless with an antegrade stent or a nephrostomy. Outcome and complications of both procedures were assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 ' demographics and stone sizes were comparable (18    5 vs. 19    4 mm, P = 0.08). @entity1 in the fURS group had a higher mean BMI (31 vs. 27, P < 0.05). Total OR time was significantly longer for fURS (106    51 vs. 59    19 min., P < 0.001). More @entity1 were stone-free after one single percutaneous treatment, while 2nd-stage treatments with fURS were common (total procedures 1.04 vs. 1.52, P < 0.001; immediate stone-free rate (SFR) 96% vs. 71.5%, P < 0.001). SFR after 4 weeks was 100% (mPNL) and 85.8% (fURS) (P < 0.01). Minor complications as classified by Clavien I or II occurred in 16 and 23.8%, mPNL and fURS, respectively, P = 0.13). No major complications (Clavien III-V) occured in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our series supports both the concept of either percutaneous or retrograde endoscopic treatment for @entity1290 with both modalities offering excellent safety. However, while for fURS, a significantly higher rate of 2nd-stage procedures was necessary, and mPNL led to faster and higher SFR without increasing complication rate.

title: Flexible ureterorenoscopy versus miniaturized PNL for solitary XXXX of 10-30 mm size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal calculi']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal calculi']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity4053 is common in @entity1 with @entity1723 . They experience an average of one to two episodes of symptomatic @entity4053 per week; 10-20% suffer at least one episode of severe @entity4053 in a given year. The incidence of severe @entity4053 in @entity6 @entity1 treated with intensive insulin therapy is threefold higher than in @entity1 on conventional insulin therapy and 55% of all episodes occurred in sleep. Prevention of @entity4053 or the restoring of euglycemia involve the dissipation of metabolic insulin effects and activation of counterregulatory hormone responses (glucagon, catecholamines, @entity2124 , @entity701 ). Among counterregulatory mechanisms there exists hierarchy. The glycemic threshold for release of glucoregulatory hormones in normal @entity1 is about 3.8 mmol/l. The @entity413 counterregulatory system is often impaired in @entity1 with @entity6 with the onset early after diagnosis of @entity6 . Impaired glucagon response is almost universally present after 5 years of @entity6 . The defect is selective and the mechanism is not fully explained. Most often it is considered a defect in signal perception of alfa-cells, a rearrangement of islets of Langerhans with predominance of delta-cells or mechanism of central adaptation. After 5-10 years of @entity6 @entity413 counterregulation becomes further impaired with a defect in epinephrine secretion. A possible mechanism is the abnormality at the CNS level. @entity4148 is a contributory factor. Defective hormonal counterregulation correlates well with duration of @entity6 and strict glycemic control. If the glucagon response is intact the hormonal counterregulation is sufficient even in the presence of the impairment of other glucoregulatory factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity4053 --occurrence, causes and hormonal counterregulatory mechanisms in healthy @entity1 and in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['IDDM']


abstract: Chemotherapy can produce excellent palliation for many @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Survival impact is, however, limited, and permanent remission is extremely rare. There is increasing evidence that dose and dose intensity may be important determinants of outcome in the chemotherapy of @entity0 . Single courses of chemotherapy in doses requiring autologous bone marrow support produce high rates of objective response in @entity1 with metastatic disease that was refractory to prior standard-dose therapy. When used as first chemotherapy for metastases or as consolidation in @entity1 whose disease is responding to lower-dose therapy, high-dose chemotherapy can result in prolonged disease-free survival for some @entity1 . The major cause of treatment failure is relapse from a chemotherapy-induced complete response. Kinetic models suggest that multiple, rapidly cycled courses of high-dose chemotherapy might be superior to single applications or to multiple treatments that are widely spaced in time. Heretofore, the substantial @entity137 of high-dose chemotherapy (up to 20% mortality in some early trials) has largely precluded the consideration of timely retreatment; however, the risk appears to have been reduced through the use of hematopoietic growth factors and peripheral blood progenitor cells. Our group has used these new technologies to develop regimens consisting of multiple cycles of high-dose chemotherapy that are rapidly administered. We are currently refining these regimens in preparation for phase II and III studies.

title: High-intensity chemotherapy with hematopoietic support in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Thirty two @entity1 (74 (43-93) years; median, (range)) with @entity1282 because of inoperable, unresectable or recurrent @entity189 were treated by @entity1068 induced @entity5 @entity39 (ETN). Endoscopic injection of absolute @entity167 was performed using a variceal injector needle, with 0.5-1 ml aliquots injected retrogradely from distal to proximal @entity5 margin. Dilatation to 12 mm was used only if the endoscope would not traverse the stricture. In @entity1 with total occlusion, injection into the proximal @entity5 was followed by a repeat endoscopy 3-7 days later. @entity1282 was graded from 0 = no @entity1282 to 4 = total @entity1282 . The significance of changes in the @entity1282 grade after ETN were assessed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results (median (range)) were as follows: stricture length = 5.0 cm (1-15). @entity1282 grade before treatment was 3 (2-4) improving after first treatment to 1 (0-3), p < 0.003. Best @entity1282 grade achieved was 1 (0-3) and interval between treatments was 28.5 days (4-170). The volume of @entity1068 injected = 10 ml (1.5-29) and survival after first treatment was 93 days (6-660). The number of treatment sessions required to achieve best grade = 1 (1-3). There were no treatment complications. ETN significantly improves @entity1282 . Results of palliation are similar to those of laser therapy, but can be achieved quickly and safely on a day case basis in most @entity1 and at a small proportion of the cost.

title: Palliation of XXXX by @entity1068 induced @entity5 @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophagogastric carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate @entity2332 in neonates with @entity75 might improve survival and neurological outcomes at up to 18 months of age, although complete neurological assessment at this age is difficult. To ascertain more precisely the effect of @entity2332 on @entity131 , we assessed @entity75 on MRI scans of @entity1 who participated in the Total Body @entity2332 for @entity75 (TOBY) trial. METHODS: In the TOBY trial @entity75 was graded clinically according to the changes seen on amplitude integrated EEG, and @entity1 were randomly assigned to intensive care with or without cooling by central telephone randomisation. The relation between allocation to @entity2332 or normothermia and @entity75 was assessed by logistic regression with perinatal factors as covariates, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The TOBY trial is registered, number ISRCTN 89547571. FINDINGS: 325 @entity1 were recruited in the TOBY trial between 2002 and 2006. Images were available for analysis from 131 @entity1 . @entity2332 was associated with a reduction in lesions in the basal ganglia or thalamus (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15-0.84; p=0.02), white matter (0.30, 0.12-0.77; p=0.01), and abnormal posterior limb of the internal capsule (0.38, 0.17-0.85; p=0.02). Compared with non-cooled @entity1 , cooled @entity1 had fewer scans that were predictive of @entity854 (0.41, 0.18-0.91; p=0.03) and were more likely to have normal scans (2.81, 1.13-6.93; p=0.03). The accuracy of prediction by MRI of @entity204 or disability to 18 months of age was 0.84 (0.74-0.94) in the cooled group and 0.81 (0.71-0.91) in the non-cooled group. INTERPRETATION: @entity2332 decreases @entity131 in @entity1 with @entity75 . The predictive value of MRI for subsequent @entity16 is not affected by @entity2332 . FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council; UK Department of Health.

title: Assessment of XXXX after moderate @entity2332 in neonates with @entity75 : a nested substudy of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain tissue injury', 'neonatal cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal Encephalopathy', 'hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy', 'cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['later neuromotor abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia', 'hypothermia', 'Hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['brain tissue injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity195 ( @entity195 ) research @entity1 are usually recruited from clinical practice, memory clinics or nursing homes. Lack of standardised inclusion and diagnostic criteria is a major concern in current @entity195 studies. The aim of the study was to explore whether @entity1 characteristics differ between study samples recruited from general practice and from a population based screening by mail within the same geographic areas in rural Northern Norway. METHODS: An interventional study in nine municipalities with 70000 inhabitants was designed. @entity1 were recruited from general practice or by population based screening of cognitive function by mail. We sent a questionnaire to 11807 individuals > or = 65 years of age of whom 3767 responded. Among these, 438 individuals whose answers raised a suspicion of @entity73 were invited to an extended cognitive and clinical examination. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, independent sample t-test and analyses of covariance adjusted for possible confounders were used. RESULTS: The final study samples included 100 @entity1 recruited by screening and 87 from general practice. Screening through mail recruited younger and more self-reliant male @entity1 with a higher MMSE sum score, whereas older @entity1 with more severe @entity73 were recruited from general practice. Adjustment for age did not alter the statistically significant differences of cognitive function, self-reliance and gender distribution between @entity1 recruited by screening and from general practice. CONCLUSIONS: Different recruitment procedures of individuals with @entity73 provided study samples with different demographic characteristics. Initial cognitive screening by mail, preceding extended cognitive testing and clinical examination may be a suitable recruitment strategy in studies of early stage @entity195 . CLINICAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier: NCT00443014.

title: Recruitment methods in XXXX research: general practice versus population based screening by mail.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: A review of epidemiologic studies of workers exposed to @entity7398 (VC) was conducted. Some of these studies comprised small cohorts and thus were insensitive in the evaluation of carcinogenic response for sites that do not demonstrate a high relative risk. Other larger studies used methodology and design that precluded an interpretation of the results. Such limitations were acknowledged by some authors. Use of restrictive disease rubrics also lead to the submerging of sites that would have demonstrated significant excesses. For example, some investigators analyzed data for @entity96 deaths with the board category of digestive system @entity5 deaths, while others combined data for @entity5 deaths with the broad category of "other and unspecified @entity5 ," and most studies analyzed information for @entity5 deaths with all data combined. Only four of eight studies reviewed could demonstrate a significant excess of @entity96 among VC-exposed workers--a site confirmed in @entity1 by 1974. In contrast, five of eight studies appear to demonstrate a significant excess of @entity5 mortality. Workers exposed to VC also demonstrate a significant excess of mortality for @entity2 , while the data for @entity5 are suggestive. Interpretation of @entity5 of the latter systems may have been clarified if investigators had not analyzed their data by broad disease classifications.

title: Observations of the site-specific carcinogenicity of XXXX to @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'lymphatic and hematopoietic system cancer', 'CNS cancer']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity7398 :: (MESH:D014752,Chemical) :: ['vinyl chloride']


abstract: Conventional parameters are often inadequate to describe the dynamic flow changes in microcirculation. We used a novel approach to characterize oscillatory flow conditions in a @entity235 model of @entity548 . @entity33 was visualized using intravital microscopy with the orthogonal polarization spectral imaging technique. The distribution of red blood cell velocity (RBCV) was estimated from the relative time periods of observed RBCV, and the average RBCV (A-RBCV) and its SD were then computed from the first and second moments of the RBCV distribution, respectively. @entity548 (for 60 min) was followed by resuscitation with saline, @entity4372 ( @entity4372 , 7.2% @entity4202 -10% Dextran, 4 mL/kg), or @entity4372 supplemented with the selective @entity11977 antagonist ETR-p1/fl peptide (100 nmol/kg), respectively. The macrohemodynamic derangement (70% decrease in cardiac index and ileal blood flow) during shock was associated with the appearance of flow motion in the villi and an enhanced endothelin-1 release. The calculated A-RBCV was decreased by 40%. At resuscitation onset, continuous flow periods were transiently seen in 33%, 40%, and 50% of the experiments after saline, @entity4372 , and @entity4372 + ETR p1/fl treatment, respectively. @entity4372 with or without endothelin-A antagonist treatment resulted in an increased relative duration of high-flow periods (by 20%) and a significant, 20% to 40% rise in A-RBCV. These results demonstrate that time-wise variability of RBCV should be used for the analysis of oscillatory flow conditions. The probabilistic estimation of A-RBCV provides a quantitative basis for comparison of the effectiveness of different resuscitation or vasoactive strategies.

title: Flow motion in the intestinal villi during XXXX : a new method to characterize the microcirculatory changes.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Microcirculation in the ileal mucosal villi']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['HSD', 'hypertonic saline-Dextran solution']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: Two clones derived from the @entity1 @entity420 cell line LoVo, E2 and C5 xenografted subcutaneously to immunosuppressed newborn @entity35 , respectively produced well-differentiated and undifferentiated @entity5 . The comparative morphogenesis of these @entity5 was performed on xenografts explanted as early as 18 h and up to 21 days after grafting by studying the progressive setting of the enterocyte differentiation marker @entity5735 , the basal lamina component laminin and the alpha 6 integrin subunit. E2 xenografts which were entirely undifferentiated 18 h after grafting, presented well-polarized acini-like tumoral islets 6 h later, i.e. only 1 day after injection. Basement membranes, which were not organized at this moment, may not be necessary for morphological polarization. The chronology of function antigens polarization was characterized by formation of a basement membrane 5 days after the graft with associated basal sorting of alpha 6 integrin. The polarization of alpha 6 integrin took, however, longer to be achieved while apical addressing of @entity5735 was the last to be completed. In contrast, C5 @entity5 never differentiated. Even 21 days after grafting alpha 6 integrin remained pericellular, @entity5735 was underexpressed and laminin was found as perilobular patches. Quantitative differences in laminin or alpha 6 integrin expression could not account for the differences in the polarization process observed in the two variants.

title: @entity5 morphogenesis of two @entity1 colon adenocarcinoma cell clones xenografted in the immunosuppressed newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidylpeptidase IV']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The use of total parenteral nutrition ( @entity8856 ), in the @entity3124 , may be associated with the translocation of bacteria and their products from the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) to the systemic circulation. We report a study comparing the effects of @entity8856 and enteral nutrition (EN) on GIT function. Twenty-four @entity3124 @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive @entity8856 or EN. GIT absorption was measured by urinary recovery of @entity6122 and @entity10546 (3O MG) after enteral administration. The ratio between urinary recovery of lactulose and @entity10547 (L/R) was used to measure GIT mucosal permeability. Results are expressed as the percentage of enterally administered @entity1735 recovered. Measurements were performed at entry to the study and on every subsequent third day. Baseline recovery of @entity6122 (5.95 +/- 1.61%, EN; 6.56 +/- 3.38%, @entity8856 ) and 3O MG (12.35 +/- 4.06%, EN; 7.96 +/- 4.19%, @entity8856 ) was significantly lower than for the controls (35.03 +/- 1.40% for @entity6122 , p < 0.05 compared to both study groups; 49.20 +/- 1.98% for 3O MG, p < 0.05 compared to both study groups). Baseline L/R ratio was increased (0.292 +/- 0.072%, EN; 0.463 +/- 0.118%, @entity8856 ) compared with the controls (0.038 +/- 0.006%, p < 0.05 compared to both study groups). In the EN group, the L/R ratio displayed a progressive, significant fall. In the @entity8856 group, no significant change in the L/R ratio occurred. This study demonstrates that @entity344 is evident in @entity3124 @entity1 and suggests that loss of GIT mucosal integrity is reversed by the institution of EN.

title: Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-methyl-D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity10547 :: ('CHEBI:62346', 'Chemical') :: ['L-rhamnose']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharide']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GIT dysfunction']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features of @entity1 with severe @entity1142 and their outcome after restorative proctocolectomy. DESIGN: Observational study and health status questionnaire using gastrointestinal quality of life score (GIQL). SETTING: English regional paediatric surgery service. @entity1 : Five @entity1 were identified, with severe @entity1142 , whose symptoms had not improved with either prolonged medical therapy or colonic lavage using an antegrade colonic enema procedure. All had required a stoma to resolve their @entity1142 . Intervention All underwent restorative proctocolectomy. RESULTS: All @entity1 are stooling through their anus. The mean stool frequency is 6/day. None have daytime @entity322 , and none require any further therapy for @entity1142 . Complication rates have been low with no permanent morbidity. The mean GIQL 3 years following restorative proctocolectomy was 89 (SD 29). CONCLUSIONS: In highly selected cases, restorative proctocolectomy may allow resolution of the symptoms of severe @entity1142 and avoid leaving a @entity1 with a permanent stoma.

title: Treatment of severe childhood XXXX with restorative proctocolectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: The @entity158 threshold was assessed in 32 healthy @entity1 after a mild burn on the dorsal surface of each hand, after injection of an opioid antagonist (80 microg @entity1510 ) or vehicle alone (0.2 mL saline) into the burnt skin of 1 hand, and after repeated painful immersion of this hand in cold water for up to 180 seconds. We hypothesized that sensitivity to heat would decrease at the burn-injured site after the immersions, due to local release of opioids into the burnt skin. @entity1510 augmented cold-induced @entity158 during the immersions in @entity1 who tolerated the longest immersions, implying that release of endogenous opioids suppressed cold- @entity158 . After the immersions, sensitivity to heat decreased at the burn-injured site in the immersed hand, but @entity1510 did not block this effect. Instead, @entity1510 altered sensitivity to heat in unburnt skin, implying that thermal @entity1931 at sites of @entity130 masked the modulatory effects of opioids. In particular, @entity1510 blocked a decrease in sensitivity to heat at an unburnt site on the contralateral hand of @entity1 who tolerated the longest immersions, consistent with central or systemic opioid release. @entity1510 reduced sensitivity to heat at unburnt sites in @entity1 who tolerated medium-length immersions, suggesting that an increase in systemic or central opioid activity evoked thermal @entity1931 in this group. In addition, in a small group of @entity1 who tolerated only brief immersions, @entity1510 blocked decreases in sensitivity to heat at an unburnt site in the immersed hand. These findings suggest that repeated painful immersions trigger local opioid release in @entity1 who tolerate only brief immersions, and elicit central or systemic opioid release in @entity1 who tolerate longer immersions. PERSPECTIVE: This article demonstrates that repeated immersion of the hand in painfully cold water increases opioid activity and that the increase in opioid activity exerts multiple opposing effects on sensitivity to heat. Individual differences in the response to opioids might contribute to individual differences in @entity158 tolerance.

title: The effect of subcutaneous @entity1510 on experimentally induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'heat pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity167 consumption may play a role in the development of @entity28 but the relationship between @entity167 and weight is still unclear. The aim of our study was to assess the cross-sectional association of intakes of total @entity167 and of specific alcoholic beverages (wine, beer and spirits) with @entity572 ( @entity572 ) and body mass index (BMI) in a large sample of adults from all over France. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity1 were free-living healthy volunteers of the SU.VI.MAX study (an intervention study on the effects of antioxidant supplementation on @entity102 ). SUBJECTS: For 1481 @entity1 aged 35-60 years and 1210 @entity1 aged 45-60 years, intakes of total @entity167 and specific alcoholic beverages were assessed by six 24-hour dietary records. BMI and @entity572 were measured during a clinical examination the year after. RESULTS: A J-shaped relationship was found between total @entity167 consumption and @entity572 in both sexes and between total @entity167 consumption and BMI in @entity1 only (P<0.05). The same relationships were observed with wine (P<0.05); @entity1 and @entity1 consuming less than 100 g day(-1) had a lower BMI ( @entity1 only) and @entity572 than non-drinkers or those consuming more. Spirits consumption was positively associated with BMI (linear regression coefficient beta=0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.34 and beta=0.22, 95% CI: 0.06-0.39 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively) and @entity572 (beta=0.003, 95% CI: 0.001-0.005 and beta=0.003, 95%CI: 0.0002-0.006) in both sexes in a linear fashion. No relationship between beer consumption and BMI or @entity572 was found. CONCLUSION: If confirmed in longitudinal studies, our results indicate that consumption of alcoholic beverages may be a risk factor for @entity28 .

title: @entity167 intake in relation to body mass index and XXXX : the importance of type of alcoholic beverage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['WHR', 'waist-to-hip ratio']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['waist-to-hip ratio']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether sheets of fetal retinal allografts can integrate into the dystrophic Abyssinian cat retina with progressive rod cone degeneration. METHODS: Fetal retinal sheets (cat gestational day 42), incubated with @entity7688 microspheres, were transplanted to the subretinal space of four @entity468 at an @entity66 stage. @entity468 were studied by fundus examinations, bilateral full-field flash ERGs, and @entity3194 and @entity941 angiograms up to 4 months following surgery. E42 donor and transplanted eyes were analyzed by histology and immunohistochemistry for retinal markers. RESULTS: Funduscopy and angiography showed good integration of the transplants in two of four @entity468 , including extension of host blood vessels into the transplant and some scarring in the host. In these two, transplants were found in the subretinal space with laminated areas, with photoreceptor outer segments in normal contacts with the host retinal pigment epithelium. In some areas, transplants appeared to be well-integrated within the host neural retina. Neither of these two @entity468 showed functional improvement in ERGs. In the other two @entity468 , only remnants of donor tissue were left. Transplants stained for all investigated cellular markers. No @entity6164 immunoreactivity was detected in the fetal donor retina at E42, but developed in the 4-month-old grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal sheet transplants can integrate well within a degenerating cat retina and develop good lamination of photoreceptors. Functional improvement was not demonstrated by ERG in @entity468 with well-laminated grafts. Transplants need to be further evaluated in cat host retinas with a more advanced @entity2000 using longer follow-up times.

title: Functional and structural assessment of retinal sheet allograft transplantation in feline XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['hereditary retinal degeneration']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a specialised Vascular Unit upon the prevalence of @entity1755 in the same population catchments' area and associated mortality rates. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">prospective computerised data collection from 1997 to today, retrospective from 1990-1996. SUBJECTS: 108 @entity439 were operated upon from 1990-1996, compared to 317 from 1997 to Aug 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistics with Kaplan Meier life table curves and compared by the log rank test while the Mann Whitney test was used for comparison of mortality. RESULTS: The median values for @entity1756 per year were 5 for the early period, compared to 10 for the recent years, while the median values for both urgent and ruptured were 7 and 18.5 cases annually, respectively. The number of scheduled procedures increased by 500% in the second period, with median values of 7 and 36.5, respectively. In-hospital mortality according to category was 21% for scheduled, 31% for urgent and 69% for @entity1756 in the early period, compared to 3.7%, 16% and 29% respectively, following the establishment of the Vascular Unit. CONCLUSION: Despite the five-fold increase in the total number of @entity449 (as expected), the number of @entity1756 operated upon increased as well. There was just a trend for a reduction in the absolute numbers of @entity1756 operated upon in the last 2 years. Mortality, on the other hand, decreased dramatically in all categories, with the overall 30-day mortality decreasing more than four-fold, from 40% to 9.3%, while the respective mortalities according to the category of intervention were 3.7% vs 21% for scheduled, 16% vs 35% for urgent and 29% vs 69% for @entity1756 , with a P value of less than 0.01. However, there was no difference in the numbers of @entity1 with @entity1756 reaching the hospital (operated or not) between the two periods (median values of 11 and 10.5 annually). The presence of a Vascular Unit, although it achieves dramatically better results, is not associated with a reduction in the number of emergency proceduresaeat least in the intermediate termaedespite an expansion in the indications for surgery, increased awareness and prompt referrals (centralisation).

title: Does the establishment of a Vascular Unit reduce the prevalence of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm repairs']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity134 hormone receptor expression and their association with histological prognostic markers and biological profile in female @entity0 in Northern Pakistan. STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional, observational. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Histopathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from January 2004 to December 2007. METHODOLOGY: Female @entity1 belonging to Northern Pakistan with primary operable @entity0 were included in the study. @entity1 's age, microscopic @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, lymph node status and biological profile for @entity1722 /neu status were evaluated. Immunohistochemical expression for ER and PR was determined individually and conjointly for ER+PR+ and ER-PR- while their association with above prognostic markers was determined using the c2 test for univariate analysis. RESULTS: Out of the 726 cases, there were 657 (90.4%) cases of infiltrating @entity513 with mean age of 48+/-12 years and mean @entity5 size of 4.2+/-2.3 cm. @entity5 was grade-II in 65% and lymph node @entity3 in 71.5% cases with @entity1722 + in 28.1%. ER and PR expression was 74.6% and 68.3% respectively. Conjoint expression of ER+PR+ was 456 (62.8%), ER-PR- in 21.2%, ER+PR- in 86 (11.8%) and ER-PR+ in 30 (4.1%) cases. Individually, ER and PR showed positive association with age, @entity1600 , @entity5 grade and inverse association with @entity1722 . Conjoint expression of ER+PR+ (62.8%) and ER-PR-(21.2%) showed positive association with age, @entity5 grade, @entity1600 and inverse association with @entity1722 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hormone receptor expression of ER and PR expression is comparable to the West with ER and PR showing inverse association with @entity1722 and positive association with age, @entity5 grade and lymph node @entity3 .

title: XXXX hormone receptor association with prognostic markers in @entity0 in Northern Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: Early spontaneous @entity600 is associated with @entity32 /infection and @entity3207 of the cervix. We hypothesised that cervico-vaginal production of @entity13959 /elafin ( @entity13959 ) and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (cathelicidin), key components of the innate immune system, are altered in @entity1 who have a spontaneous @entity600 . The aim was to determine the relationship between cervico-vaginal fluid (CVF) @entity13959 /elafin and cathelicidin protein concentrations with cervical length in @entity1 at risk of spontaneous @entity600 . @entity13959 /elafin and cathelicidin were measured using ELISA in longitudinal CVF samples (taken between 13 to 30 weeks' gestation) from 74 asymptomatic high risk @entity1 (based on obstetric history) recruited prospectively. Thirty six @entity1 developed a short cervix (<25 mm) by 24 weeks' and 38 @entity1 did not. @entity1 who developed a short cervix had 2.71 times higher concentrations of CVF @entity13959 /elafin from 14 weeks' versus those who did not (CI 1.94-3.79, p<0.0005). CVF @entity13959 /elafin before 24 weeks' was 1.79 times higher in @entity1 who had a spontaneous @entity600 <37 weeks' (CI: 1.05-3.05, p=0.034). @entity13959 /elafin (>200 ng/ml) measured between 14+0-14+6 weeks' of pregnancy predicted @entity1 who subsequently developed a short cervix (n=11, ROC area=1.00, p=0.008) within 8 weeks. @entity13960 was not predictive of spontaneous delivery. @entity560 status did not correlate with CVF antimicrobial peptide concentrations. Raised CVF @entity13959 /elafin has potential as an early pregnancy test for prediction of cervical @entity3207 and spontaneous @entity600 . This justifies validation in a larger cohort.

title: Raised XXXX /elafin protein in cervico-vaginal fluid is a potential predictor of cervical @entity3207 and spontaneous @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13959 :: ('5266', 'Gene') :: ['Trappin2', 'trappin2', 'peptidase inhibitor 3']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity13960 :: ('MESH:C070646', 'Chemical') :: ['Cathelicidin']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin D']

answer: @entity13959 :: (5266,Gene) :: ['trappin2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e15584 Background: Local regional lymp node is the main recurrence site in @entity2622 after radical hysterectomy. A retrospective analysis is used to evaluate the efficacy of pelvic radiotherapy and prognostic factors for stage IB-IIB (FIGO Stage) @entity2622 initially treated by surgery. METHODS: From May 1998 to Dec 2006, a total of 77 @entity1 of @entity2622 staged IB-IIB @entity1 were eligible for this retrospective analysis. The diseases were staged IB in 20, IIA in 27 and IIB in 30 @entity1 . All of them received external beam irradiation with 6MV X- @entity16039 50Gy/25 fractions to pelvic field after radical hysterectomy. Overall survival rate was estimated by using Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic factors were analyzed using univariate (Log rank) and multivariate Cox model. RESULTS: The follow-up time was 5-152 months (median 33 months). The overall 5-year survival rate of stage IB, IIA and IIB were 79.4%, 69.8% and 51.9%, respectively. On univariate analysis, variables significantly associated with positive included age<= 35 years (  (2)=4.569, P=0.033), @entity417 (  (2)=4.806, P=0.028), stage>= IIB (  (2)=6.120, P=0.013), @entity5 diameter >=  4cm (  (2)=8.238, P=0.004)and pelvic lymph node @entity3 (  (2)=5.582, P=0.018). However in the multivariate analysis, only age <=  35 years (  (2)=5.637, P=0.018), @entity5 diameter >=  4 cm (  (2)=4.377, P=0.036) and pelvic lymph node @entity3 (  (2)=7.814, P=0.005) were significant factors associated with poorer prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy can improve the efficacy of @entity1 for stage @entity2622 . Age <=  35 years, @entity5 diameter >=  4 cm and pelvic lymph node @entity3 were confirmed as the independent prognostic factors.

title: The prognostic factors in XXXX treated by radical hysterectomy combined with pelvic radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['IB-IIB cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the ability of the "biphasic" response (i.e., initial improvement in wall thickening followed by reduced wall thickening) during serial @entity452 stress echocardiography to detect @entity63 in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality. Furthermore, we compared the power of the biphasic echocardiographic response with that of myocardial perfusion imaging for the detection of @entity741 . BACKGROUND: Stress echocardiography has been shown to be less sensitive than radionuclide perfusion imaging for detecting @entity63 in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality. Peak stress wall thickening in such areas may not give a full account of the intermediate changes, whereas initial improvement (the biphasic response) may enhance diagnosis. METHODS: @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality and documented coronary artery disease underwent simultaneous graded @entity452 (5 to 40 micrograms/kg body weight per min) stress echocardiography and radionuclide perfusion imaging with single-photon emission computed tomography using either @entity1136 sestamibi or @entity1136 tetrofosmin. Semiquantitative analyses of image groups were performed in blinded manner by two separate groups of observers. RESULTS: @entity741 was detected by perfusion imaging in 45 of the 54 @entity1 . High dose @entity452 echocardiography detected @entity63 in only 25 (56%) of these @entity1 . However, when the biphasic response was taken into account, @entity63 was detected in 44 (98%) of the 45 @entity1 (p < 0.001). Agreement between radionuclide imaging and echocardiographic findings for the detection of @entity63 was significantly enhanced (p = 0.03) when the biphasic response was used (89%, kappa = 0.51) instead of high dose stress @entity452 echocardiography (56%, kappa = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: The detection of @entity741 may be significantly enhanced by utilizing the biphasic response during serial stress @entity452 echocardiography in @entity1 with a wall motion abnormality.

title: Enhanced detection of XXXX by stress @entity452 echocardiography utilizing the "biphasic" response of wall thickening during low and high dose @entity452 infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is caused by an accumulation of genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations. The molecular classification of CRCs based on genetic alterations and epigenetic alterations is evolving. Here, we examined mutations and methylation status in CRCs to determine if the combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations predicts prognosis. We examined 134 sporadic CRCs. We used the direct sequencing method to identify mutations in @entity817 and @entity584 , which are downstream of @entity984 and @entity10160 , respectively, in the @entity470 pathway. We used the Methylight method to determine the methylation status of @entity6756 , @entity986 , @entity17011 , @entity17012 and MINT31. Both @entity817 and @entity584 mutations were found in only one case (0.75%). Aberrant methylation of @entity6756 , @entity986 , @entity17011 , @entity17012 and MINT31 was detected in 22.4, 35.1, 32.8, 59.7 and 41.0% of cases, respectively. The clinicopathological factors were not significantly correlated to mutation or methylation. Among the @entity1 who had no mutation in the @entity470 pathway, the overall survival was significantly shorter in the @entity1 with methylation compared to the @entity1 with no methylation in @entity6756 and @entity986 (p=0.0318). Methylation could play a key role in the prognosis of @entity1 without mutations in the @entity470 pathway. The combination of genetic and epigenetic alterations may be a good marker for the prognosis of @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Effect of classification based on combination of mutation and methylation in XXXX prognosis.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']