abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple-organ injury often occurs after @entity432 -reperfusion. Oxidants derived from @entity3624 oxidase have been implicated as a source of injury after @entity432 -reperfusion. Halogenated anesthetics modify oxidant-mediated injury. The current study determined if @entity1508 modifies hepatocellular enzyme release (e.g., @entity493 aminotransferase) and circulating @entity880 after @entity432 -reperfusion. METHODS: @entity95 were randomly assigned to one of four groups that underwent 40 min of thoracic @entity432 and 2 h of reperfusion: Two groups were given either @entity1508 or @entity3575 plus @entity6918 anesthesia and two groups were given either anesthetic and @entity55337 ( @entity3624 oxidase inactivator). Each of the four groups was then matched with a similarly treated group that did not undergo @entity432 . RESULTS: @entity1508 anesthesia was associated with significantly (P < 0.05) increased release of @entity493 aminotransferase (34 +/- 9 U/l at baseline and 539 +/- 370 U/l at 120 min of reperfusion; mean +/- SD) and increased plasma @entity880 concentrations (2.8 +/- 2.0 mM at baseline and 12.1 +/- 9.7 mM at 120 min of reperfusion) after @entity432 -reperfusion compared with @entity3575 plus @entity6918 anesthesia ( @entity493 aminotransferase, 33 +/- 12 U/l and 148 +/- 109 U/l; @entity880 , 3.4 +/- 2.0 mM and 3.8 +/- 1.2 mM at baseline and 120 min of reperfusion, respectively). Inactivation of @entity3624 oxidase significantly decreased the release of hepatocellular enzymes (P < 0.05) and decreased circulating @entity880 in animals anesthetized with @entity1508 after @entity432 -reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1508 increased hepatocellular enzyme release and circulating @entity880 after @entity432 -reperfusion compared with @entity3575 plus @entity6918 anesthesia. @entity3624 oxidase activity inactivation also decreased hepatocellular enzyme activity release during reperfusion. These findings justify further investigations to determine if halogenated anesthetics modify tissue injury in clinical settings involving oxidant stress.

title: @entity1508 and @entity3624 oxidase increase hepatocellular enzyme release and circulating @entity880 after ischemia-reperfusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['Halothane', 'halothane']

entities_list: @entity55337 :: ('MESH:C025399', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium tungstate']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic @entity29 , i.e. @entity30 and @entity31 , are still unknown. This has no effect on diagnosis, yet does affect treatment of these diseases, which has thus remained symptomatic. Clinical features, laboratory findings, endoscopy in conjunction with histologic examination and radiologic studies are all of proven value in the diagnosis of these disorders. Microbiologic and, if indicated, serologic studies are employed to search for @entity1960 caused by microorganisms. Other @entity29 to be considered in differential diagnosis include @entity63 , radiation and drug-induced forms of @entity1960 , as well as @entity4436 . More recently introduced techniques for the detection of secondary intra-abdominal processes are CT-scan and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Ultrasound examination of the abdomen can be used to search for thickening of the bowel wall. Use of the rather complicated hydrocolon sonography is rarely necessary. Endo-sonography is an established method for exploration of the rectum and is particularly useful for the detection of abscesses. The role of this technique in the diagnosis of colon processes remains to be determined. Studies using radiolabeled leukocytes are of theoretical interest but not usually required in the routine work-up of such @entity1 . The same is true of chemical analyses of the feces and testing for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Standard systemic treatment is based on the administration of @entity3785 derivatives and @entity288 . @entity500 and @entity4446 can be used in @entity1 refractory to standard treatment. @entity868 has been proven quite effective in @entity1 with @entity30 , particularly in the perianal region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Current developments in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity30 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['chronic-inflammatory bowel diseases', 'bowel disorders']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease of the colon", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: In the etiology of uni, bi- and @entity616 the @entity583 plays an important role. From the topographic relations of the supply of coronary vessels to the coduction system certain correlations between localisation of @entity1188 and kind of blocking are to be explained. The electrocardiographic changes of the individual block pictures are explained. 765 (581 males, 184 females) @entity1 with @entity583 were examined concerning frequency and prognosis of the @entity1347 and the bifascular block of anterior type ( @entity1347 , @entity714 ). A @entity1347 could be proved in 90 cases (11.8%), a @entity616 of anterior type in 38 cases (5%). With 30% the lethality of the first group was not essentially above the lethality of @entity1 with @entity1188 without block pictures (29.6%). In @entity1 with @entity616 of anterior type it was significantly incrased with 68.4%. The two block forms were nearly exclusively found in the anterior wall @entity1188 and its combination with a posterior wall @entity1188 , respectively. 11 @entity1 , out of whom 9 died, showed a transition of the @entity616 into a trifascicular one. In 6 cases a @entity1347 had preceded. The results concerning frequency and prognosis much correspond with the reports of other authors. In the @entity616 , apart from the danger of a sudden asystolia, also the most cases larger size of the extension of the @entity1188 with the adequately higher risk of a @entity3986 might be responsible for the @entity1835 prognosis. The therapeutic possibilities and necessities deriving from this are explained.

title: [Pictures of the @entity714 inacute @entity583 with special reference to @entity1347 and the XXXX of the anterior type].

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior hemiblock']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular insuficiency']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['trifascicular block pictures', 'bifascicular block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['bifascicular block']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare serum @entity908 kinase (CK) values in @entity1 with @entity5849 @entity1 with threatened @entity2208 or normal pregnancy. METHODS: An observational case-control study was performed at an urban teaching hospital. Pregnant @entity1 with a quantitative beta-hCG obtained for suspicion of ectopic pregnancy were evaluated. Excluded were cases with @entity130 , i.m. injections, surgery, or history of heart, liver, or @entity121 . The serum beta-hCG and CK values were recorded and compared between groups with 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison procedure at the overall 0.05 level. RESULTS: The 15 ectopic, 28 threatened @entity2208 , and 21 normal pregnancy cases were of similar gestational ages (p = 0.2), ranging from 3 to 12 weeks. Although the CK values for ectopic pregnancy (88.8 +/- 33.6 IU/L) exceeded those for threatened @entity2208 (65.9 +/- 59.0 IU/L) and normal pregnancy (56.0 +/- 38.1 U/L) (p = 0.02), there was significant overlap between groups. CK values were at or above a cutoff of 74 IU/L in 80% (95% confidence interval: 52-96%) of @entity5849 , 25% (11-45%) of threatened miscarriages, and 14% (3-36%) of normal pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the ectopic pregnancy population is characterized by a higher mean CK than are @entity1 with threatened @entity2208 or a normal pregnancy, a significant overlap in CK values makes use of this serum marker unreliable for detecting ectopic pregnancy.

title: Serum XXXX kinase is an unreliable predictor of ectopic pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy vs', 'ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['recent trauma']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['creatine']


abstract: Classically, the @entity916 -angiotensin system (RAS) in @entity6 was thought to be suppressed, and relatively unimportant in the regulation of hemodynamics and the development of complications. However, studies of pharmacologic interruption of the RAS with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition have implicated the RAS in the progression of @entity2316 . Preliminary evidence also suggests a beneficial effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The relative roles of the systemic versus intrarenal RAS in this process are under active investigation. Though plasma @entity916 is generally low, there may be subtle changes in angiotensin (Ang) II metabolism that sustain relatively higher plasma Ang II levels. Furthermore, the intrarenal RAS may not be suppressed. Renal @entity916 levels tend to be disproportionately elevated, as compared to plasma values. Renal Ang II levels are normal, and renal mRNAs for RAS components have been variable. In general, lack of intrarenal RAS suppression (despite plasma volume and increased exchangeable @entity1372 ) may indicate inappropriate activity of the local tissue RAS, and act as a proximate cause of the systemic RAS suppression. Ang II-mediated injury may occur via stimulation of sclerosing mediators, and there is evidence that @entity4854 acts synergistically with Ang II to promote cellular injury. Together, these recent investigations lend further support to the notion that the RAS plays an important role in @entity2316 , and are helping to shed light on the mechanisms of progressive @entity8 .

title: Role of local and systemic angiotensin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic renal disease']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the vasocontractile activity of endothelin, a newly isolated endothelium-derived constrictor peptide, in @entity235 basilar arteries in vitro and in vivo. @entity11617 at concentrations of 10(-12) M approximately 3 X 10(-8) M elicited dose-dependent contractions of @entity235 basilar arteries in vitro. The maximum tension was larger than that induced by 40 mM @entity10406 . The EC50 value was 1.9 +/- 0.6 X 10(-9) M (mean +/- SEM). The endothelin-induced contraction was reversed by 10(-8) M @entity3360 or 10(-5) M approximately 10(-4) M @entity3302 . An intracisternal injection of 0.6 approximately 1.2 X 10(-12) mol/kg of @entity11617 caused biphasic contraction of the basilar artery lasting for more than 24 h. The initial phase of the contraction accompanied remarkable changes in vital signs such as an acute rise of blood pressure, @entity1168 and @entity1576 . An intracisternal injection of 2.0 X 10(-12) mol/kg of endothelin also induced acute contraction of the basilar artery. However, all of the @entity235 which received an intracisternal injection of 2.0 X 10(-12) mol/kg of endothelin died from sustained @entity1576 . The present results demonstrate that endothelin induces strong and long-lasting contractions of cerebral arteries. Therefore, endothelin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity2553 .

title: The role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of XXXX following subarachnoid haemorrhage.

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest', 'respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity11617 :: ('MESH:D016232', 'Chemical') :: ['endothelin', 'Endothelin']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical management of @entity1534 infected @entity1 who failed standard eradication therapies remains a challenge. AIM: To investigate the efficacy of @entity17208 -based triple therapy and high-dose dual therapy for rescue treatment of @entity1534 , and the correlation between cytochrome P450 2C19 ( @entity4433 ) polymorphisms and treatment outcome. METHODS: @entity1 infected with @entity1534 resistant to both @entity868 and @entity4581 (n = 145) were randomized to either @entity1537 20 mg, @entity17208 150 mg and @entity115 1 g, each given b.d. for 7 days (ERA), or to @entity4546 40 mg and @entity115 1000 mg, each given t.d.s. for 14 days ( @entity571 ). Crossover therapy was offered in cases of persistent @entity281 . @entity4433 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were: ERA 74% (62.4-83.6) and 78% (66.7-87.3); high-dose @entity571 70% (57.5-79.7) and 75% (62.5-84.5). Crossover therapy was successful in seven of 10 @entity1 with ERA and in eight of 10 @entity1 with @entity571 . Premature discontinuation of treatment occurred in 2% and 5% of @entity1 , respectively. There was only a non-significant trend to lower eradication rates in homozygous extensive metabolizers. CONCLUSIONS: Triple therapy with @entity1537 , @entity17208 and @entity115 and high-dose @entity4546 / @entity115 are comparable and effective and safe for rescue therapy of @entity1534 regardless of the @entity1 's @entity4433 genotype.

title: Randomized trial of XXXX -based triple therapy and high-dose dual therapy for rescue treatment of @entity1534 resistant to both @entity868 and @entity4581 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['rifabutin']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity17208 :: (MESH:D017828,Chemical) :: ['rifabutin']


abstract: In recent years various authors brought forward the interesting hypothesis that extracellular @entity855 is released by damaged neurones and acts on astrocytes and microglia to cause the reactive gliotic response of damaged tissue. This review analyses the facts presented in favour of this hypothesis. All these facts are based on studies involving cultured astrocytes and microglia. The available studies on freshly isolated astrocytes, brain slices or in vivo preparations fail to verify this hypothesis: 1. No evidence was found for release of @entity855 by damaged neurones. This concept is indeed based on measurements in cardiac tissue and conformation in CNS tissue is lacking. 2. Freshly isolated astrocytes and astrocytes in situ lack the @entity855 -evoked increases in the intracellular @entity141 concentration and show no change in the membrane current pattern. 3. No studies have been undertaken with non-cultured microglia to verify purinergic responses. 4. No convincing evidence is yet available to show that reactive @entity5219 involves purinergic receptors in an in vivo preparation. Thus, there is an urgent need for studies involving glial cells in situ or freshly isolated cells. Without any additional studies involving noncultured cells the hypothesis for an @entity855 mediated induction of reactive @entity5219 lacks credibility.

title: Induction of reactive XXXX by purinoceptor activation: a critical appraisal.

answer: @entity5219 :: (MESH:D005911,Disease) :: ['gliosis']


abstract: Long-term @entity26 therapy (LTOT) has been shown to prolong survival and to improve quality of life in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and in @entity1576 . In Northern Ireland @entity26 concentrators have been available on prescription since August 1986, initially on a restricted basis from hospital physicians only. This was followed by open prescribing from April 1989, when concentrators could be prescribed by general practitioners. This study examined prescribing habits of LTOT during both periods, and @entity1 survival. Case notes of all prescriptions of @entity26 concentrators in Northern Ireland (to April 1991) were reviewed. Prescription criteria and advice regarding usage during both periods were analysed. A questionnaire survey of subjects during open prescribing documented the advice given at the time of prescription and current usage. 164 charts of 178 total installations were available for review. During both periods many concentrators were installed without adherence to the prescribing criteria at the time (75% restricted, 48% open). The majority of these were on the advice of a consultant respiratory physician and only 14 were prescribed directly by GPs. 89 of 91 subjects receiving current LTOT during the study period completed questionnaires. Of the subjects prescribed LTOT during the restricted period, 2 subjects are still alive (median survival 19 m, range 0-104). From the open period, survival data was available on 107 of 129 subjects with 17 still alive (median survival 22 m, range 0-94). This study documents an inadequate rate of prescribing and a lack of conformity to guidelines in the provision of LTOT in Northern Ireland. We would suggest that familiarisation with the prescribing criteria, formal written advice at the time of prescription, appropriate follow up to ensure adequate supplementation and regular @entity1 education on the use of LTOT would address these problems to a substantial degree.

title: Prescription of XXXX concentrators and survival in Northern Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of high-resolution MR angiography for the prospective diagnosis of @entity1756 in acute @entity510 . METHODS: We used 3-D time-of-flight MR angiography with a large image matrix (193 x 512 frequency-encoding steps), magnetization transfer saturation, and a variable @entity1182 -angle excitation (tilted optimized nonsaturating excitation [TONE]) to study 28 @entity1 with acute @entity510 . The MR angiograms were compared with intraarterial digital subtraction angiographic (IA-DSA) images. RESULTS: Thirty-five (90%) of 39 @entity439 were detected prospectively with MR angiography. At least one @entity439 was identified with MR angiography in 25 (96%) of 26 @entity1 with @entity439 proved by IA-DSA. Although four @entity439 were missed prospectively, three of these were detected retrospectively with MR angiography. Six @entity439 (18%) of those evident on MR angiograms were 3 mm or less in diameter. In one @entity1 , additional targeted maximum intensity projections were greatly helpful for the ensuing IA-DSA by determining the optimial projection angle by which to depict a @entity1756 that neither routine MR angiography nor routine IA-DSA detected. CONCLUSION: High-resolution MR angiography may be a useful diagnostic technique for detecting @entity1756 , even in @entity1 with acute @entity510 . Initial MR angiography offers valuable and reliable information on @entity1756 in acute @entity510 , allowing the optimization of projection angles at conventional angiography.

title: MR angiography of XXXX in acute @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured aneurysms']


abstract: There is evidence for an interaction between @entity842 (NO) and endothelin (ET) at the level of the renal vasculature. We hypothesized that acute renal effects of systemic NO synthase inhibition ( @entity7293 , @entity7293 ) may be blunted by coadministration of a specific ET(A) receptor antagonist ( @entity11344 ) in healthy @entity1 . Fifteen healthy young male subjects participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 3-way crossover study. These @entity1372 -repleted volunteers received @entity7293 alone, or @entity11344 alone, or @entity7293 with a subsequent coinfusion of @entity11344 . Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined with the @entity2556 and inulin clearance method, respectively. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse rate were measured noninvasively at baseline and every 15 min after the start of the study period. @entity7293 alone reduced RPF (-22%, P < 0.001) and GFR (-8%, P < 0.009) and increased MAP (+10%, P < 0.001). @entity11344 alone did not affect these parameters. However, coinfusion of @entity11344 blunted the effects of @entity7293 on RPF (P < 0.001), GFR (P < 0.001), and MAP (P = 0.006). Peripheral and renal hemodynamic effects of acute systemic NO synthase inhibition are at least partially reversed by ET(A) receptor blockade with @entity11344 . This indicates a functional antagonism between specific ET(A) receptor antagonist and NO synthase inhibitors at the level of the renal vasculature.

title: The renal and systemic hemodynamic effects of a XXXX -synthase inhibitor are reversed by a selective endothelin(a) receptor antagonist in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-l-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The rate of @entity35620 formation was measured in the homogenates obtained from 26 specimens of @entity1 adult liver, 9 specimens of @entity1 mid-gestational fetal liver, 5 specimens of @entity1 adult kidney and 11 specimens of @entity1 mid-gestational fetal kidney. The average (pmol/min/mg tissue +/- SD) rate of @entity35620 formation was 322 +/- 99 (adult liver), 7.6 +/- 3.6 (fetal liver), 284 +/- 117 (adult kidney) and 6.4 +/- 6.7 (fetal kidney). One third of the fetal livers and kidneys studied were inactive in the formation of @entity35620 . These findings indicate that the conjugation of @entity4880 with @entity2228 is poorly developed in the mid-gestational @entity1 fetus. The kinetics of the formation of @entity35620 were studied in 3 fetal and adult livers and also in 3 fetal kidneys and in 3 specimens of the cortex and medulla of adult kidneys. The transformation of the data into Eadie-Hofstee plots generated straight lines in fetal and adult livers and kidneys. The Michaelis-Menten constant for the formation of @entity35620 (mean +/- SD, mM) was 43.4 +/- 6.6 (adult liver), 27.3 +/- 10.1 (fetal liver), 33.3 +/- 6.1 (adult renal cortex), 34.7 +/- 11.3 (adult renal medulla) and 15.3 +/- 3.5 (fetal kidney). The maximum velocity of the reaction (mean +/- SD, pmol/min/mg tissue) was 204 +/- 47.8 (adult liver), 6.0 +/- 1.3 (fetal liver), 199 +/- 40.7 (adult renal cortex), 24.2 +/- 16.9 (adult renal medulla) and 6.4 +/- 1.8 (fetal kidney). The inhibitory effect of 8 drugs containing a @entity4880 group on the rate of @entity35620 formation was studied in 3 adult livers. @entity3785 and @entity1622 were the most powerful as inhibitors. @entity5018 , @entity1483 and @entity1092 were weak inhibitors, whereas @entity7988 , @entity1623 and @entity3371 did not inhibit the formation of @entity35620 . The IC50 values (mean +/- SD) of @entity3785 and @entity1622 on the rate of @entity35620 formation were 0.19 +/- 0.05 and 1.18 +/- 0.19 mM, respectively.

title: Conjugation of benzoic acid with @entity2228 in the XXXX fetal and adult liver and kidney.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid', 'Salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity35620 :: ('MESH:C030514', 'Chemical') :: ['hippuric acid']

entities_list: @entity1622 :: ('MESH:D004061', 'Chemical') :: ['diflunisal']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity4880 :: ('CHEBI:33575', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: On the basis of reports of @entity35 mammary- and @entity5 models, we hypothesized that an increase in consumption of @entity4722 (LA) would also cause an enhancement in @entity19 @entity1489 . SEN-CAR @entity19 were placed on diets containing 0.8%, 2.2%, 3.5%, 4.5%, 5.6%, 7.0%, or 8.4% LA, 1 week after initiation with @entity3653 and 3 weeks before starting promotion with @entity864 . An inverse correlation (r = -0.92) was observed between @entity1185 number and level of LA; however, there was little difference in @entity5 incidence. A relationship between diet and @entity189 incidence was also found. The @entity844 composition of epidermal phospholipids reflected the dietary LA levels. @entity864 -induced epidermal @entity1421 levels generally decreased with increasing dietary LA. To determine whether this inverse correlation between dietary LA and @entity5 yield was due to species differences or organ-model differences, a mammary carcinogenesis experiment was performed. SENCAR @entity19 were fed the 0.8%, 4.5%, and 8.4% LA diets. All @entity19 received 6 mg @entity3653 , administered intragastrically at 1 mg/week. @entity5 appearance was delayed in the 0.8% LA diet group, and a positive dose-response relationship between dietary LA and mammary- @entity5 incidence was observed. These studies suggest that the effect of dietary LA on @entity5 development is target tissue specific rather than species specific.

title: Differential effects of dietary XXXX on @entity19 @entity1489 and mammary carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin-tumor promotion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'pancreas-tumor']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate', '12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system appears to be important in the regulation of adrenal growth and hormone synthesis. As IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) modify IGF bioactivity, we investigated the expression of @entity10116 -6 genes in different @entity5 and @entity1373 to further clarify the role of the IGF system in adrenal pathophysiology. @entity10116 mRNA levels were too low to be detected by Northern blot analysis, but could be found by RT-PCR in some @entity5 and @entity5072 adrenals. Other IGFBPs were detected by Northern blotting. @entity2301 mRNA levels were very low in normal adrenals. In @entity5 and @entity5072 adrenals, @entity2301 mRNA expression was usually higher than in normal adrenals. In hormonally active @entity1636 , @entity47282 mRNA levels were lower than in nonfunctional @entity189 and normal adrenals. The low IGFBP mRNA expression in the hormone-producing @entity189 was associated with high @entity5100 mRNA content. In @entity822 from @entity1 with @entity699 , mean IGFBP mRNA levels were higher than in normal adrenals or in hormonally inactive @entity652 . In nodular and @entity1373 , @entity10513 mRNA expression was on average higher than in normal adrenals but varied substantially, as did IGFBP mRNA levels in @entity1911 . In comparison to normal adrenals, @entity1911 expressed on average higher levels of @entity46704 but less @entity49001 mRNAs. Our data show that the six IGFBPs 1-6 are expressed at variable level in @entity5 and @entity1373 . The low level of IGFBP mRNAs in hormonally active @entity1636 was of particular interest.

title: Expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1-6 genes in adrenocortical tumors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias', 'bilateral hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's or Conn's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased tendency for @entity1031 is a well known problem of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). Microvascular @entity715 has also been claimed as a pathogenic factor in @entity29 . Recently a point mutation in the gene coding factor V (FV Leiden) has been identified in various @entity1031 , but the role in @entity29 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of FV Leiden in @entity29 @entity1 and compare with a group of controls. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity29 @entity1 [43 @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 and 20 @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 ] and 36 healthy controls were included in the study. Only one of the @entity31 @entity1 had a history of cerebral @entity1031 . The extracted DNA from frozen blood was subjected to polymerase chain reaction for the amplification of FV gene. The amplicons were hybridized both with the mutant and wild-type probes to detect FV mutation. Readings of optical density above 0.3 were considered as positive results. According to the patterns of ELISA, heterozygosity and homozygosity for normal and mutant alleles were determined. RESULTS: Eight (18%) of @entity31 @entity1 were heterozygous normal and one (2%) @entity1 had homozygous mutation. Eight (45%) of the 20 @entity30 @entity1 had a heterozygous pattern and one (5%) had a homozygous pattern. In the control group four (11%) subjects showed a heterozygous genotype. FV Leiden was found to be statistically more frequent in @entity30 @entity1 (P < 0.005) (odds ratio 6.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-18.), but not in the @entity31 @entity1 as compared with controls (P> 0.05). There was no significant correlation between FV Leiden presence and disease activity, gender or disease duration for both @entity31 and @entity30 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest that FV Leiden is more frequent in @entity30 @entity1 , but not in the @entity31 @entity1 as compared with controls. The high rate of factor V mutation in our @entity30 @entity1 suggests the need for further studies to confirm a relationship between this mutation and aetiology of the disease.

title: Thrombophilia and XXXX : does factor V mutation have a role?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: The percentage of adults aged 20 and over with high total @entity165 has declined substantially since 1999   2000. For 2009   2010, the percentage of adults with high total @entity165 was 13.4%, thus meeting the Healthy @entity1 2010 target of 17% or less [Objective (12   14)] (7). Substantial and steady decreases in the prevalence of high total @entity165 among @entity1 aged 40 and over and @entity1 aged 60 and over during the 1999   2010 period resulted in achievement of the Healthy @entity1 2010 objective in all sex and racial-and-ethnic groups and in all sex and age groups except for @entity1 aged 40 and over. For 2009   2010, only 11.9% of @entity1 compared with 31.4% of @entity1 aged 20 and over had low HDL @entity165 . The percentage with low HDL @entity165 is consistently higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 within each race and ethnicity group. Because @entity1 typically have higher HDL @entity165 levels than @entity1 (6), the percentage with low HDL @entity165 is expected to be lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The percentage of adult @entity1 with low HDL @entity165 is lower in non- Hispanic black @entity1 than in Hispanic or non-Hispanic white @entity1 . During 2009   2010, approximately 68% of adults   including 66% of @entity1 and 70% of @entity1    had their @entity165 checked within the past 5 years. These percentages have not changed significantly from 2005   2006, when 65% of @entity1 and 71% of @entity1 had their @entity165 checked within the past 5 years (8). Furthermore, the Healthy @entity1 2010 objective for @entity165 screening of at least 80% [Objective (12   15)] (7) was not met. Less than one-half of Hispanic @entity1 were screened within the past 5 years compared with 70% of non-Hispanic white @entity1 and nearly 62% of non-Hispanic black @entity1 . Among U.S. adults in 2009   2010, those with adverse concentrations of total @entity165 (15%) and HDL @entity165 (25%) are at risk for @entity301 , including @entity299 . The U.S. Department of Health and @entity1 Services recently announced the Million Hearts Initiative (9) with a goal of preventing 1 million @entity299 and @entity64 over the next 5 years. High @entity165 is one major risk factor for @entity299 .

title: Total and high-density lipoprotein XXXX in adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Human', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: To explore the clinical significance of the concentration of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in erythrocytes (E- @entity1500 ), 42 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 were studied during maintenance chemotherapy for childhood @entity981 for periods of 3-22 months (median, 8 months) at an unchanged dose of @entity1500 . For each study period, a weighted mean of white cell counts (mWBC), absolute neutrophil counts (mANC), and serum aminotransferases (mAT) were calculated, using as weights the intervals from sampling until the next WBC, ANC, or @entity1129 determinations were done. In 17 @entity1 who underwent at least six measurements of E- @entity1500 during a period in which the @entity1500 dose remained unchanged for up to 22-months, the median intraindividual coefficient of variation for E- @entity1500 was 10% (range, 5%-22%). For each @entity1 , a mean of all E- @entity1500 values (mE- @entity1500 ) during a study period (range, 1-15 measurements; median, 3) was used as an index of the RBC accumulation of @entity1500 at the prescribed dose of @entity1500 . Among 42 @entity1 receiving full-dose @entity1500 (greater than 17.5 mg/m2), the mE- @entity1500 ranged between 3.4 and 9.6 nmol hemoglobin (Hb) (interindividual coefficient of variation, 33%). The mE- @entity1500 was significantly related to the @entity1500 dose (r = 0.45, P = 0.00003). The mWBC and mANC were both significantly related to the mE- @entity1500 (mWBC: r = -0.31, P = 0.004; mANC: r = -0.35, P = 0.02), but not to the dose of @entity1500 (mWBC: r = -0.08, P = 0.25; mANC: r = -0.22, P = 0.08). Each of four @entity1 with a persistent rise in @entity1129 above the upper normal limit (40 IU/l) and an mAT of greater than 80 IU/l had an mE- @entity1500 of greater than 6.5 nmol/mmol Hb. Due to its low intraindividual variation, E- @entity1500 may be useful for detecting persistent or intermittent failure of @entity1 compliance. Its prognostic significance and its clinical value in @entity1500 dose adjustment should be explored in prospective studies.

title: Maintenance chemotherapy for childhood @entity981 : relation of bone-marrow and hepatotoxicity to the concentration of XXXX in erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the analgesic effects of continuous radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve (SSN) for chronic @entity158 . The authors sought to obtain insight into the time-sensitive analgesic success and complications of this therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: This study was a retrospective case series involving @entity1 with unremitting @entity158 that had lasted for at least 12 months. @entity1 were selected if they showed a reduction of at least 50% in @entity158 intensity during the anesthetic phase after SSN block, no additional motor @entity425 of the shoulder, and @entity158 relief lasting for less than 2 months after separate treatments of the SSN with depot corticosteroids and pulsed radiofrequency. Nine @entity1 were referred to the Arnold Pain Management Center. Of these nine @entity1 , six @entity1 who had significant chronic @entity158 unresponsive to oral medications and intra-articular injections and who were not considered surgical candidates were selected. These @entity1 were treated with a single radiofrequency lesion of the SSN at 80  C for 60 seconds. The primary outcome was a reduction in @entity158 intensity by 50%, as determined by the numeric rating scale, and duration of this effect. The secondary outcome was improvement in either the passive or the active range of motion (ROM). @entity1 were also monitored for adverse effects such as @entity425 or @entity158 . RESULTS: The pooled mean numeric rating scale score before the procedure was 7.2    1.2; this fell to 3.0    0.9 at 5-7 weeks post procedure. The duration of @entity158 relief ranged from 3 to 18 months, and all @entity1 underwent at least one additional treatment. The change in baseline ROM improved from an average of 60      28   (flexion) and 58      28   (abduction) to 99      46   (flexion) and 107      39   (abduction). No adverse side effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Continuous radiofrequency lesioning of the SSN seems to be an effective treatment for chronic @entity158 . There can be improved ROM of the shoulder following this treatment. More formal, controlled studies are required to confirm these observations.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency lesioning of the suprascapular nerve for the management of chronic XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['shoulder pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity439 in their @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) have associated venous outflow stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed, which included all @entity1 presenting with dysfunction and had @entity439 in their @entity2548 . @entity1 's medical records and imaging studies were examined and data collected including access characteristics, @entity1 demographics and imaging findings. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: A total of 89 @entity1 (58 @entity1 , 31 @entity1 ; mean age 60) presented for intervention related to access dysfunction with incident @entity439 over the study period. Of the 89 @entity1 with @entity439 (mean diameter 2.3 cm) of their AVF's, 69 (78%) @entity1 had an associated @entity3181 . The stenoses were present most commonly in the outflow cephalic vein (57%), followed by the cephalic arch (20%), brachiocephalic vein (10%) and subclavian vein (6%). Outflow stenoses in @entity2548 with @entity439 were observed in 87% of brachiocephalic @entity2548 , 60% of radiocephalic @entity2548 and 80% of brachiobasilic @entity2548 . Brachiocephalic @entity2548 with @entity439 were significantly more likely to have an associated outflow stenosis than radiocephalic @entity2548 with @entity439 (P=0.007). @entity2548 with outflow stenosis were on average 1502 days old while @entity2548 without outflow stenosis were on average 2351 days old, which was a statistically significant difference (P=0.031). No statistically significant differences were observed for sex and side of the @entity292 . CONCLUSIONS: Outflow stenosis was observed to be associated with @entity439 in @entity2548 with a more statistically significant association in brachiocephalic @entity2548 compared to other @entity2548 .

title: @entity439 in XXXX : is there an association with @entity3181 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['venous aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['venous outflow stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['autogenous hemodialysis fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Transthyretin ( @entity52434 ) is a prevalent plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein associated with sporadic and heritable @entity2783 . @entity52434 @entity2783 is linked to a vast number of mutations with varying phenotype, tissue distribution and age of onset. The most prevalent mutation associated with @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is the @entity21559 mutation. Studies of transgenic @entity19 models of @entity52434 @entity21559 @entity305 have been hampered by variable phenotype, low disease penetrance, and slow onset. METHODS/RESULTS: To model @entity52434 -associated @entity66 in the @entity238 model system, transgenic @entity238 were generated, expressing wild-type (wt) @entity52434 or @entity52434 @entity21559 , associated with sporadic @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and inherited @entity305 , respectively. We found that expression of @entity305 -associated @entity52434 @entity21559 mutant in the nervous system resulted in reduced lifespan and in reduced climbing ability indicating @entity16 , whereas expression of @entity52434 wt showed a milder phenotype. Congo red staining of the @entity238 brain shows positive amyloid binding in the aged @entity52434 @entity21559 flies. Extensive brain vacuole formation was evident for the aged @entity52434 @entity21559 flies, whereas a milder phenotype was shown by the @entity52434 wt flies. In addition, expression of @entity52434 @entity21559 in the eye leads to tissue damage, including rough eye, morphological changes and fibrous deposition. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity238 is a promising complementary system for studies of @entity52434 -associated @entity66 .

title: Modeling @entity305 (Transthyretin XXXX ) in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity21559 :: ('p|SUB|V|30|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V30M']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid diseases', 'amyloid disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['SSA', 'senile systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity21559 :: (p|SUB|V|30|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['V30M']


abstract: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is fundamental for Sertoli cell function stimulating spermatogenesis and follicular growth by a specific receptor ( @entity23385 ). This work aimed to investigate the occurrence of @entity2734 and Ser @entity23385 gene variants and its relationship with seminal anti-M  llerian hormone (AMH) among normozoospermic and @entity4810 . Eighty-two Caucasian males grouped into normozoospermic healthy controls (n = 30) and @entity4810 (n = 52). @entity23385 gene variants were determined by DNA from anti-coagulated blood and underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and electrophoresis in detecting amplification products. AMH in seminal plasma was determined by ELISA. The results showed that the frequency of @entity23385 gene variants among fertile @entity1 was 46.7% @entity2734 / @entity2734 ( @entity23384 ), 33.3% @entity2734 /Ser, and 20% Ser/Ser, whereas among OAT @entity1 were 34.6%, 38.5% and 26.9% respectively with nonsignificant differences. Seminal AMH was significantly higher in fertile than @entity249 OAT @entity1 . There was significant increase in seminal AMH with @entity2734 / @entity2734 variant of @entity23385 gene than those with @entity2734 /Ser or Ser/Ser. It is concluded that FSH gene variants showed no difference in distribution between fertile or @entity249 OAT @entity1 . However, when correlated with seminal AMH values, there was an increase in @entity2734 / @entity2734 in @entity1 with high seminal AMH.

title: @entity23385 polymorphism and seminal anti-M  llerian hormone in fertile and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['infertile oligoasthenozoospermic (OAT) males', 'infertile OAT males']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: In this study, we determined the genotype distribution of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity12393 ( @entity12393 ), @entity55192 and @entity55193 , in a Caucasian @entity150 case-control study. Allelic variants of the SNPs were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and partly verified by sequencing analysis. Overall, DNA from 188 consecutive and 215 early-onset @entity150 @entity1 ( <=45 years) as well as from 332 controls was investigated. Potential microRNA binding sites were determined for @entity55192 , and microRNA expression was analysed in cell lines and @entity5 specimens. We observed a remarkable distribution difference in @entity55192 between @entity150 @entity1 and healthy controls (p=0.05). Additionally, we found a significant difference in genotype distribution (p=0.032), resulting from the difference of early-onset @entity1 and the control group (p=0.007). The risk allele T showed increased frequency in the early-onset @entity1 group (p=0.002). Genotype-dependent differences of microRNA binding capacity were predicted in @entity12393 mRNA for two microRNAs. Hsa-miR-3646 showed strong expression in cell lines and @entity5 tissue, whereas @entity55194 exhibited weak expression. The @entity55193 SNP showed no significant association with @entity150 risk. This is the first study to describe an association of the @entity12393 SNP @entity55192 and @entity150 risk as well as the influence of @entity55192 on genotype-dependent microRNA capacity on @entity12393 mRNA. The onset of bladder seems to be associated with the increased occurrence of the T-allele in @entity55192 .

title: Role of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity12393 and XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12393 :: ('6422', 'Gene') :: ['SFRP1', 'secreted frizzled related protein 1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: A case of enterocutaneous @entity292 at the donor site is presented. A @entity1 underwent posterior C5-C6 wire fusion with autologous bone graft taken from the posterior superior iliac crest for degenerative C5-C6 spondylolisthesis. The tip of the osteotome slipped anteriorly during the procurement but neither neurovascular nor peritoneal injury were observed. Spillage of formed faecal material was observed from the donor site on the 12th postoperative day. Fistulogram showed an enterocutaneous @entity292 to descending colon. The @entity292 closed spontaneously in a week. @entity4570 after bone harvesting has never been reported in the literature as far as we know. @entity600 and acquired causes may create a vulnerable peritoneal area. Small bowel or descending colon may show a close relationship or even an adhesion to peritoneum in the presence of @entity298 . A small lesion in this area may play a role in the occurrence of a @entity292 , and a low flow pseudofistulous tract may appear. The @entity130 and possible @entity39 due to cauterisation may be predisposing factors in the aetiology of this kind of @entity292 . The lack of foreign material and spontaneous closure were against an infectious origin. The aims of this report are to present and analyse the reasons of this complication, not previously described.

title: XXXX : a complication of posterior iliac bone graft harvesting not previously described.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['local peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

entities_list: @entity4570 :: ('MESH:D007412', 'Disease') :: ['Enterocutaneous fistula']

answer: @entity4570 :: (MESH:D007412,Disease) :: ['Enterocutaneous fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2682 is widely approved as add-on therapy for @entity302 treatment for partial @entity410 with and without secondary generalization. To investigate the efficacy of @entity2682 administered as monotherapy in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 , a randomized double-blind trial was performed. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive one of three masked doses of @entity2682 (300, 900, or 1,800 mg/day) or open-label @entity2049 (600 mg/day) and kept daily @entity410 diaries throughout the study. After titration, @entity1 entered a 24-week evaluation phase. @entity1 were required to exit the study if they experienced an exit event, defined as a total of three simple or complex partial @entity410 , one generalized @entity410 , or @entity159 . @entity1 could be withdrawn for lack of efficacy, adverse events, or noncompliance. Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to estimate the probability that @entity1 would continue in the study without having an exit event. RESULTS: Time to exit event was longer for @entity1 on 900 mg/day (n = 72) or 1,800 mg/day (n = 74) of @entity2682 than for @entity1 receiving 300 mg/day (n = 72; p = 0.0395 and 0.0175, respectively). The most clinically relevant measure of retention on treatment (exit event plus adverse event withdrawal rate) was similar for @entity2049 (n = 74) and 1,800 mg/day @entity2682 (54% versus 57%) but was lower (better) for 900 mg/day @entity2682 (44%). No unexpected new adverse events emerged with @entity2682 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2682 at 900 or 1,800 mg/day is effective and safe as monotherapy for @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity302 .

title: A double-blind trial of XXXX monotherapy for newly diagnosed partial @entity410 . International @entity2682 Monotherapy Study Group 945-77.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic (GTC) seizure']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['gabapentin']


abstract: The effect of @entity566 immunotherapy and elimination of suspected food allergens was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity9303 . A total of 137 @entity1 with @entity9303 for whom @entity566 treatment had been recommended were identified and were mailed and returned a symptoms questionnaire. One hundred thirteen had received @entity566 treatment; 24 did not have treatment and served as a control group. Information regarding history, signs and symptoms, @entity566 test results, and audiologic data were obtained by chart review. The 113 @entity1 treated with desensitization and diet showed a significant improvement from pretreatment to posttreatment in both @entity566 and @entity9303 . Ratings of frequency, severity, and interference with everyday activities of their @entity9303 also appeared better after @entity566 treatment than ratings from the control group of untreated @entity1 . Vertigo control results, by use of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery classification, categorized 47.9% as class A or B. Hearing was stable or improved in 61.4%. @entity1 with @entity9303 can show improvement in their symptoms of @entity392 and vertigo when receiving specific @entity566 therapy. The inner ear may be the target, directly or indirectly, of an @entity56 .

title: Allergic management of XXXX : an outcome study.

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease", "Meniere's symptoms"]

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

answer: @entity9303 :: (MESH:D008575,Disease) :: ['Meniere's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: serious vascular @entity9389 may be asymptomatic or masked by other life-threatening conditions. Angiography, the "gold standard" vascular imaging modality, is an invasive procedure. Moreover, it is time-consuming and thus may delay a needed vascular intervention. The results of screening angiography are negative in more than 80% of cases. Therefore other less invasive and faster screening tests, such as the Doppler ultrasound and magnetic resonance angiography, have been tested. This retrospective study was done to evaluate the use of CT angiography (CTA) in suspected @entity1317 of the neck. METHODS: from 1995 to 1998, 16 @entity1 with suspected traumatic carotid artery injury underwent CTA. Twelve of these @entity1 had penetrating @entity130 and four had blunt @entity9389 . CTAs were obtained by Elscint Twin Flash Spiral Scanner, while MIP reconstructions were carried out on an Omnipro, Elscint (Indy, Silicon Graphics) work station and interpreted by a radiologist. RESULTS: all the CTAs were diagnostic. Positive findings included one complete tear of the right common carotid artery (confirmed by surgery) due to a penetrating @entity3538 after @entity1913 to the neck. In addition, three @entity1 with multiple @entity130 were operated on, due to either proximity only or questionable neurological findings. Surgical exploration confirmed the negative findings seen on CTA. CONCLUSION: CT angiography of the carotid arteries in cervical @entity130 may be used as an accurate decisive tool for a needed surgical intervention. More studies with larger number of @entity1 and comparison with angiography are needed.

title: CT angiography of the carotid arteries in XXXX to the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9389 :: ('MESH:D019838', 'Disease') :: ['injuries to the neck']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['injury and one bilateral internal carotid artery thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: This study was performed as a part of a longer research programme on urinary tract smooth muscle layer in @entity1 . All the @entity1 whose samples were investigated underwent surgery for urinary tract malformations. Specimens were taken from different segments of upper urinary tract during surgical intervention. Specimens were investigated by either in vitro motility tests or electron microscopy or both of them. Basic patterns of tissue strips were recorded after incubation of varying duration and then tested by administering neurotransmitter agents like @entity1063 and @entity934 . Microstructure of samples were examined electron microscopically. Investigations were performed in order to find correlation between microarchitecture and motility patterns of urinary muscle wall. Factors influencing @entity121 , characteristic features of impaired musculature and its possible regeneration are discussed too. Microhistological deteriorations inhibit spontaneous smooth muscle motility but muscle contractility proved by administering @entity1063 and @entity934 - @entity4001 remained in some extent. Taking into consideration that smooth muscle is able to regenerate and rebuild close contacts pediatric surgeon and urologist should spare kidney parenchyma as far as it is possible.

title: In vitro motility investigations and electron microscopic observations on XXXX 's upper urinary tract muscle wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['urinary muscle motility']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine-bromide', 'acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Recent progress has been remarkable in identifying mutations which cause diseases (mostly uncommon) that are inherited simply. Unfortunately, the common diseases of humankind with a strong genetic component, such as those affecting cardiovascular function, have proved less tractable. Their etiology is complex with substantial environmental components and strong indications that multiple genes are implicated. In this article, we consider the genetic etiology of essential @entity101 . After presenting the distribution of blood pressures in the population, we propose the hypothesis that essential @entity101 is the consequence of different combinations of genetic variations that are individually of little consequence. The candidate gene approach to finding relevant genes is exemplified by studies that identified potentially causative variations associated with quantitative differences in the expression of the angiotensinogen gene ( @entity15395 ). Experiments to test causation directly are possible in @entity19 , and we describe their use to establish that blood pressures are indeed altered by genetic changes in @entity15395 expression. Tests of differences in expression of the genes coding for the @entity14206 ( @entity14206 ) and for the natriuretic peptide receptor A are also considered, and we provide a tabulation of all comparable experiments in @entity19 . Computer simulations are presented that resolve the paradoxical finding that while @entity14206 inhibitors are effective, genetic variations in the expression of the @entity14206 gene do not affect blood pressure. We emphasize the usefulness of studying animals heterozygous for an inactivating mutation and a wild-type allele, and briefly discuss a way of establishing causative links between complex phenotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms.

title: Importance of quantitative genetic variations in the etiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14206 :: ('11421(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Aim. We aimed to determine if @entity12350 added to standard postoperative standardized sliding-scale insulin regimens improved blood @entity413 . Methods. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted in @entity299 @entity1 . @entity1 received @entity12350 or placebo after surgery for 4 days. The primary endpoint was to estimate the effect of adjunctive @entity12350 versus placebo on overall mean blood @entity413 in the 4-day period after surgery. Results. Sixty-two @entity1 participated. Repeated measures tests indicated no significant difference between the groups in the overall mean blood @entity413 level with a mean of 147.2    4.8   mg/dL and 153.0    4.6   mg/dL for the test and the control group, respectively (P = 0.388). Conclusions. @entity12350 added to normal postoperative @entity413 management practices did not improve overall mean blood @entity413 control in @entity6 @entity1 in the postoperative setting.

title: Adjunctive XXXX therapy in postoperative cardiac surgery @entity1 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['Sitagliptin', 'sitagliptin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic cardiac surgery']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12350 :: (MESH:C496398,Chemical) :: ['sitagliptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The temporary loss of motion of adjacent joints is a common complication after distraction osteogenesis of the lower limb. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of @entity1159 and @entity73 of the knee and/or ankle joint during and after callus distraction with a ring fixator. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (2 female, 18 male, average age: 36 years) were surgically treated for callus distraction and segment transport with an external ring fixator after traumatic @entity604 in 21 lower limbs. The @entity2720 during and after treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: During treatment, we observed the free range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint in 4 cases (19  %), restricted motion in 11 cases (52  %), and complete loss of motion in 6 cases (33  %). After treatment,free ROM was observed in 12 cases (57  %), impaired motion in 3 cases (14  %), and fixed joint position in 6 cases (29  %, 2 arthrodesis). This represents an improvement of motion in eight cases (38  %) and an impairment in two cases (10  %). In 11 cases, the ROM remained unchanged. During treatment, six restrictions in extension (24  %) and five (33  %) restrictions in flexion occurred in the knee joint, ultimately resulting in one loss of extension and three losses of flexion after frame removal. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity73 during bone lengthening with an external ring fixator in the lower extremity occurs in most cases at the ankle joint. Various treatment options are available to address tendon shortening, but accompanying physiotherapy may prevent or moderate its onset.

title: XXXX in callus distraction and segment transport: a retrospective data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of joint motion', 'impaired joint motion']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['tendon contracture']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['impaired joint motion of the adjacent joints']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['Impaired joint motion and contractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sensitization to Alternaria alternata is a risk factor for the development of wheezing and @entity565 . Alt a 1 is the major Alternaria allergen causing sensitization in @entity748 . Some @entity483 ( @entity483 ) @entity1 have very high immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody (ab) to Alternaria as analysed by Pharmacia @entity9527 , however, it is not clear whether these are specific responses or whether Alt a 1 is involved in disease symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse specific IgE and IgG ab responses to recombinant Alt a 1 in @entity748 and @entity483 @entity1 and to compare these results to IgE ab against Alternaria measured by @entity9527 . METHODS: Sera from individuals who were IgE positive to Alternaria by @entity9527 were obtained from 58 @entity1 with @entity565 / @entity2490 , 19 @entity1 with @entity483 , and 20 @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) who were included as specificity controls. IgE and IgG ab to recombinant Alt a 1 were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: Of 43 @entity565 / @entity2490 @entity1 having an Alternaria @entity9527 score > 2, a high percentage (93%) had both IgE and IgG ab to Alt a 1, emphasizing its importance as a major allergen. Only, 47% of @entity483 @entity1 with @entity9527 score greater than 2 had ab to Alt a 1, and their levels were low when compared to the @entity748 . For @entity1577 controls, 75% of these @entity1 had no IgE ab to Alt a 1, and those which were positive to Alt a 1 by RIA were also positive by @entity9527 . Overall, @entity1 with a low @entity9527 (1-2) had a low prevalence (20-30%) of IgE or IgG ab to Alt a 1. CONCLUSION: IgE and IgG ab to Alt a 1 in @entity748 are good markers for sensitization to Alternaria. Although @entity483 @entity1 gave high Alternaria @entity9527 scores, they had low or undetectable levels of IgE to Alt a 1, suggesting that other Alternaria allergens may be important in @entity483 or that the @entity9527 results are non-specific. Recombinant allergens may provide more specific measures of sensitization to fungi.

title: IgE and IgG antibody responses to recombinant Alt a 1 as a marker of sensitization to Alternaria in @entity565 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2331 and @entity170 are conditions characterised by a reduction in bone mineral density. There is contradictory evidence whether @entity3604 @entity1 have greater @entity2524 than @entity3604 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between tooth number and @entity3604 , taking into account the effect of other confounding variables such as age, smoking status, @entity167 consumption and the use of hormone replacement therapy. SETTING: Three hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 were recruited from the Manchester region between March 2008 and June 2010. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected on @entity3604 , smoking status, @entity167 consumption, age and the use of hormone replacement therapy. Dental panoramic tomographs were taken for each @entity1 and the teeth present were charted and counted. Data were analysed using SPSS software (version 19). RESULTS: Complete data was available for 333 @entity1 . Twenty-seven percent of individuals (90) were classified as @entity3604 . There was a significant relationship between molar tooth number and @entity3604 (p = 0.017, 95% CI -1.339 to -0.137). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should inform @entity3604 @entity1 they may be at greater risk of @entity2524 and instigate more intensive preventive regimens for these individuals.

title: @entity2524 and XXXX : to assess the association between @entity170 status and tooth number.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['non-osteoporotic', 'osteoporotic', 'osteoporotic status']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['Osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: In 8 of 758 @entity1 undergoing an intracardiac operation under cardiopulmonary bypass and @entity2332 , @entity8684 developed 3 to 7 days postoperatively. Before the onset of @entity8684 , varying degrees of @entity51 were noted. Electroencephalography and neuroimaging failed to detect any responsible functional or structural changes. Six @entity1 are alive 1 to 3 years postoperatively, and their condition is improving. Two @entity1 died of @entity1173 or @entity295 . All @entity1 were grouped based on factors identified as being possibly causative: depth of @entity2332 , cooling time, flow rate, and repeated @entity2332 . The incidence of @entity8684 was significantly different in group A (rectal temperature greater than 25 degrees C) compared with group B (rectal temperature less than or equal to 25 degrees C) (0/295 versus 8/463; p = 0.02). Based on cooling time, the incidence of @entity8684 was significantly different in group B1 (cooling time less than 1 hour) compared with group B2 (cooling time greater than or equal to 1 hour) (1/220 versus 7/243; p = 0.05). Based on flow rate during cooling, group B2 was further divided into the low-flow group (less than 1,500 mL.min-1.m-2) and the high-flow group (greater than or equal to 1,500 mL.min-1.m-2). Although not significant, the incidence of @entity8684 was higher in the high-flow group (6/153 versus 1/90; p = 0.22). In group B @entity1 having reoperation, the incidence of @entity8684 was higher than in @entity1 operated on for the first time (5/54 versus 3/409; p less than or equal to 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX after @entity2332 without circulatory arrest.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity8684 :: (MESH:D001264,Disease) :: ['Choreoathetosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to inform best evidence-based practice by collating and disseminating the experiences of members of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network with @entity1 having concurrent @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) and @entity298 ( @entity298 ). METHODS: An online questionnaire was created and distributed to all 135 centers participating in the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network; the overall response rate was 56 %. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 with a concurrent @entity5033 and @entity298 were reported. The @entity1 were 0-12 (mean 6.8) years old at the time of placement of the second indwelling device ( @entity298 or @entity5033 ). In 15 cases, the @entity298 was inserted post- @entity5033 . On average, the two catheters were present concurrently for 23 (range 1-60) months. There were 20 episodes of @entity298 observed in 11 of the 18 @entity1 during a period of 392 months at risk, which is a @entity298 rate of 1/19.6 months. Only one @entity1 developed both a @entity281 and an episode of @entity298 , and these events were temporally unrelated. No episodes of an ascending @entity281 or @entity693 occurred in association with any episode of @entity298 , and no other complications of @entity409 were described. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity298 , the absence of any documented ascending or descending infections and the lack of @entity409 during the period of observation suggests that the presence of, or need for, a @entity5033 should not preclude @entity1726 as a safe option for @entity1 requiring renal replacement therapy.

title: XXXX in @entity1 on peritoneal dialysis: a survey of the International Pediatric Peritoneal Dialysis Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['catheter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['VPS infection', 'shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['VPS', 'ventriculoperitoneal shunts']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis catheters', 'PDC', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity5033 :: (MESH:C562451,Disease) :: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunts']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 in an urban multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional design was used. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the preceding 6 months were recruited from primary care practices in three adjacent inner-city boroughs of South London, serving a population in which 20% of residents are of black African or Caribbean ethnicity. Sociodemographic and biomedical data were collected by standardised clinical assessment and from medical records. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to report associations between ethnicity and @entity2412 status. RESULTS: From 96 general practices, 1,506 @entity1 were recruited. Their mean age was 55.6 (   11.07) years, 55% were @entity1 , 60% were asymptomatic at diagnosis and 51%, 38% and 11% were of white, black and South Asian/other ethnicity, respectively. Compared with white @entity1 , black and South Asian/other @entity1 were: younger (mean age 58.9 [   10.09], 52.4 [   11.19] and 51.5 [   10.42] years, respectively; p < 0.0001); less likely to have @entity16 (10.1%, 3.6% and 4.4%; p < 0.0001) or report @entity453 (12.7%, 4.8% and 7.3%; p < 0.0001). In logistic regression, compared with white @entity1 , black @entity1 had lower levels of macrovascular complications (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32, 0.84; p = 0.01). Male sex was independently associated with @entity66 (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.26, 2.28; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The prevalence of complications at time of diagnosis was lower than expected, especially in black and South Asian/other ethnic groups. However, in multi-ethnic inner-city populations, onset of @entity164 2 @entity6 occurred almost 10 years earlier in non-white populations than in white @entity1 , predicating a prolonged morbidity.

title: The clinical characteristics at diagnosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 in a multi-ethnic population: the South London XXXX cohort (SOUL-D).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-complication']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: @entity28267 ( @entity28267 ) has various roles in the activation of T cells and @entity32 . In this study, we investigated the roles of the @entity53248 ( @entity28266 ) pathway in @entity56 ( @entity56 ). Treatment with anti- @entity28266 mAb at sensitization inhibited @entity56 responses. Depletion studies using an anti- @entity2902 or anti-PDCA-1 mAb revealed that regulatory T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (DCs), known to express high levels of @entity28267 and @entity28266 , respectively, were not apparently involved in @entity28266 -mediated @entity56 responses. Treatment with/addition of anti- @entity28266 mAb in the experiments for hapten-specific T cell proliferation and @entity379 production showed a minor contribution of the @entity28266 , which was weakly expressed on DCs in draining lymph nodes (dLNs). Interestingly, anti- @entity28266 mAb treatment inhibited the migration of cutaneous DCs to the dLNs. Epidermal keratinocytes (KCs) constitutively express @entity28267 , whereas Langerhans cells (LCs) express higher levels of @entity28266 compared with DCs in dLNs. @entity28267 ligation, by an anti- @entity28267 mAb, in KCs promoted expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and blockade of @entity28266 -inhibited @entity1356 and @entity9350 expression in sensitized skin. These results suggest that the @entity28267 - @entity28266 pathway promotes epidermal inflammatory cytokine production by KCs and LCs, resulting in migration of cutaneous DCs from the skin to the dLNs. This is the first report demonstrating the involvement of the @entity28267 -GTRL pathway in interactions with KCs and LCs and the migration of DCs. Our findings provide important implications for understanding the molecular bases of KC-LC interactions and for developing new therapeutic strategies in @entity272 .

title: The glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related protein ( @entity28267 )- XXXX ligand pathway acts as a mediator of cutaneous dendritic cell migration and promotes T cell-mediated acquired immunity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28267 :: ('8784', 'Gene') :: ['GITR', 'Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'contact hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity28267 :: (8784,Gene) :: ['GITR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19631 cytoskeletal networks push and pull the plasma membrane (PM) to control cell structure and behavior. Endocytosis also regulates the PM and can be promoted or inhibited by cytoskeletal networks. However, endocytic regulation of the general membrane cytoskeleton is undocumented. RESULTS: Here, we provide evidence for endocytic inhibition of actomyosin networks. Specifically, we find that Steppke, a cytohesin Arf- @entity6370 exchange factor (GEF), controls initial PM furrow ingression during the syncytial nuclear divisions and cellularization of the @entity238 embryo. Acting at the tips of ingressing furrows, Steppke promotes local endocytic events through its @entity52467 activity and in cooperation with the AP-2 clathrin adaptor complex. These Steppke activities appear to reduce local @entity5181 protein levels and ultimately restrain actomyosin networks. Without Steppke, @entity5181 pathways linked to @entity19631 polymerization and @entity24306 activation abnormally expand the membrane cytoskeleton into taut sheets emanating perpendicularly from the @entity3455 . These expansions lead to premature cellularization and abnormal expulsions of nuclei from the forming blastoderm. Finally, consistent with earlier reports, we also find that actomyosin activity can act reciprocally to inhibit the endocytosis at @entity3455 . CONCLUSIONS: We propose that Steppke-dependent endocytosis keeps the cytoskeleton in check as early PM furrows form. Specifically, a cytohesin @entity52467 -Arf G protein-AP-2 endocytic axis appears to antagonize @entity5181 cytoskeletal pathways to restrain the membrane cytoskeleton. However, as furrows lengthen during cellularization, the cytoskeleton gains strength, blocks the endocytic inhibition, and finally closes off the base of each cell to form the blastoderm.

title: An @entity52467 regulates antagonism between endocytosis and the cytoskeleton for XXXX blastoderm development.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3455 :: ('MESH:D060725', 'Disease') :: ['furrow tips']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Preoperative @entity787 levels, depth of @entity5 penetration, and the number of positive lymph nodes were reported as independent factors prognostic of survival in @entity14 @entity1 . This study was carried out in an effort to evaluate the prognostic significance of these three factors in @entity1 with Dukes' C @entity14 in Taiwan. METHODOLOGY: Between 1992 and 1994, a total of 112 @entity1 with node-positive @entity14 were evaluated retrospectively at the Veteran General Hospital-Taipei. All @entity1 underwent potentially curative surgery and received @entity1487 based adjuvant chemotherapy. Reference to the Dukes' classification was according to the classical criteria described in 1932 for @entity188 and adapted for use in @entity694 . Data on the location of the @entity5 , depth of penetration, number of positive lymph nodes, degree of @entity5 differentiation, and preoperative @entity787 levels were analyzed to understand their association with survival. Blood samples for @entity787 measurement were taken a few days before operation. A multivariate analysis using the Cox's proportional hazards regression model was then performed to determine the most important independent predictors of survival among all the possible variables. RESULTS: Using univariate analysis the number of positive lymph nodes (P < 0.001), penetration of the bowel wall (P < 0.001), and preoperative @entity787 levels (P < 0.001) were found as significant prognostic factors, while the degree of @entity5 differentiation, location of the @entity5 , age and sex were not significant. Using multivariate Cox analysis the number of positive lymph nodes, penetration of the bowel wall, and preoperative @entity787 levels were still found as independent prognostic factors in node-positive @entity14 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Data obtained from our study indicates that preoperative @entity787 levels, depth of @entity5 penetration, and the number of positive lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors in Dukes' C @entity14 @entity1 . They could serve as appropriate modifications of the @entity1613 in node-positive diseases.

title: Factors predictive of survival in @entity1 with node-positive XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial Dukes scheme']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Standard magnetic resonance (MR) imaging analysis in several cases of mesial @entity1315 (mTLE) either fail to show an identifiable hippocampal asymmetry or provide only subtle distinguishing features that remain inconclusive. A retrospective analysis of hippocampal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MR images was performed in cases of mTLE addressing, particularly, the mean and standard deviation of the signal and its texture. Preoperative T1-weighted and FLAIR MR images of 25 nonepileptic control subjects and 36 mTLE @entity1 with Engel class Ia outcomes were analyzed. @entity1 requiring extraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) with intracranial electrodes and thus judged to be more challenging were studied as a separate cohort. Hippocampi were manually segmented on T1-weighted images and their outlines were transposed onto FLAIR studies using an affine registration. Image intensity features including mean and standard deviation and wavelet-based texture features were determined for the hippocampal body. The right/left ratios of these features were used with a linear classifier to establish laterality. Whole hippocampal within-subject volume ratios were assessed for comparison. Mean and standard deviation of FLAIR signal intensities lateralized the site of epileptogenicity in 98% of all cases, whereas analysis of wavelet texture features and hippocampal volumetry each yielded correct lateralization in 94% and 83% of cases, respectively. Of @entity1 requiring more intensive study with extraoperative ECoG, 17/18 were lateralized effectively by the combination of mean and standard deviation ratios despite a ratio of mean signal intensity near one in some. The analysis of mean and standard deviation of FLAIR signal intensities provides a highly sensitive method for lateralizing the @entity302 focus in mTLE over that of volumetry or texture analysis of the hippocampal body.

title: FLAIR signal and texture analysis for lateralizing mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 with @entity1252 developed @entity75 . High-dose @entity617 was ineffective, and @entity2147 without focal signs rapidly developed. Electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated a slow basic rhythm (3 Hz), but brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal. @entity2147 resolved soon after performing plasma exchange (two sessions). However, @entity2414 persisted, with EEG demonstrating mild abnormalities (7-8 Hz basic rhythm). Double-filtration plasmapheresis (three sessions) was done, followed by intravenous @entity786 . Immediately after the first plasmapheresis session, @entity2414 began to improve. After the second dose of @entity786 , intellectual function resolved completely and EEG findings also normalized (basic rhythm of 10 Hz waves). Serial EEG findings precisely reflected the @entity16 and therapeutic efficacy in this @entity1 . In contrast, protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid remained high and did not seem to appropriately reflect the @entity16 in this @entity1 .

title: @entity1252 with XXXX : serial electroencephalograms accurately evaluate therapeutic efficacy.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['organic brain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence', 'Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['organic brain syndrome']


abstract: We reported a case of successful treatment of early-stage metastatic @entity3225 caused by @entity797 with vitrectomy and lensectomy. The case was a 50-year-old male with poorly controlled @entity6 . Following T-tube drainage for a necrotic @entity2679 operation, he developed @entity5502 in both eyes as well as fever. At the time of his first visit to our clinic, his right eye had already lost light perception. His left eye had visual acuity recognizing of hand movement, marked @entity1596 , complicated @entity231 , and dense vitreous opacity. As gram positive cocci were isolated from the aspirated vitreous, we conducted lensectomy and vitrectomy under irrigation of antibiotics. With systemic postoperative antibiotics and @entity1 immunoglobulin, the @entity1 showed remarkable improvement in his ocular fundus. By 60 days after the operation, the visual acuity of his left eye recovered to 4/20. Metastatic @entity797 @entity3225 has almost nerve been reported in Japan. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease with a reference to the above findings were discussed.

title: [A case of metastatic XXXX @entity3225 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The HeartMate II (Thoratec, Pleasanton, CA) is an effective bridge to transplantation (BTT) but requires @entity3459 with @entity1229 and @entity117 . We evaluated the risk of @entity1031 and @entity548 related to the degree of @entity3459 as reflected by the international normalized ratio (INR). METHODS: INRs were measured monthly for 6 months in all discharged HeartMate II BTT @entity1 and at an event. Each INR was assigned to ranges of INRs. Adverse events analyzed were @entity63 and @entity64 , pump @entity715 , and @entity548 requiring surgery or transfusion. Events were correlated to the INR during the event and at the start of the month. RESULTS: In 331 @entity1 discharged on support, 10 had @entity715 events (9 @entity385 , 3 pump @entity715 ), and 58 had @entity548 events (7 @entity64 , 4 @entity548 requiring surgery, and 102 requiring transfusions). The median INR was 2.1 at discharge and 1.90 at 6 months. Although the incidence of @entity64 was low, 40% of @entity385 occurred in @entity1 with INRs < 1.5 and 33% of @entity64 were in @entity1 with INRs > 3.0. The highest incidence of @entity548 was at INRs > 2.5. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity1031 during long-term outpatient support with the HeartMate II is low. The low number of @entity715 events appears to be offset by a greater number of @entity548 events. An appropriate target INR is 1.5 to 2.5 in addition to @entity117 therapy. In @entity1 having recurrent episodes of @entity548 , the risk of lowering the target INR appears to be small.

title: Low @entity1031 and pump @entity715 with the HeartMate II left ventricular assist device: analysis of outpatient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['anti-coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['anti-coagulation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are associated with @entity935 agonist treatment. Although discontinuation of @entity935 agonist is recommended, @entity1479 management has not been precisely stated. The aims of the study were to describe demographic and clinical characteristics in a group of @entity191 @entity1 with @entity23 and to evaluate the management of @entity935 agonist treatment proposed to the same @entity1 in order to treat the @entity23 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity191 @entity1 with @entity1479 and 607  @entity191 @entity1 without @entity1479 were studied. In the @entity1479 group, demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively ( @entity1479 characteristics, motor and cognitive evaluation); demographic and clinical data were obtained retrospectively in the group without @entity1479 . RESULTS: In the @entity1479 group, the sex ratio was 2.9 (versus 1.2  in the absence of @entity1479 ; p<0.05), the mean age was 57.5  years (versus 66.9  years; p<0.01) and the mean age at @entity191 onset was 48.3  years (versus 55.5  years; p<0.01). All @entity1479 @entity1 were receiving a @entity935 agonist when the @entity1479 started (versus 50.9  % of @entity1 receiving a @entity935 agonist in the absence of @entity1479 ; p<10(-6)). In mean, @entity23 started 2.8  years before they were diagnosed. No particular @entity935 agonist was associated with @entity23 more frequently than the others. Discontinuation of the @entity935 agonist was the treatment the more frequently associated with the recovery of @entity23 (93.3  %). Dose lowering and the change of @entity935 agonist resulted in complete regression of @entity23 respectively in 9.1% and 33.3% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Young age, male gender and young age at @entity191 onset are frequent in @entity191 @entity1 developing @entity23 , as already described in American or Asian cohorts. We highlighted a long diagnosis delay and confirmed the strong efficacy of @entity935 agonist withdrawal.

title: [ XXXX in @entity191 : A cohort of 35  @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'Impulse control disorders']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['Impulse control disorders']