abstract: AIM: To review the molecular genetic basis of primary @entity1781 . METHODS: Medline and Embase search. RESULTS: Inherited @entity1781 are a genetically diverse group of disorders that present with reduced visual acuity and the clinical appearance of @entity1952 . The @entity1781 may be sporadic or familial, in which case the mode of inheritance may be Mendelian (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked recessive) or non-Mendelian (mitochondrial). Two genes for dominantly inherited @entity1952 have been mapped ( @entity24927 and @entity24928 ), of which the gene has been identified in one ( @entity24927 ). A gene for recessive @entity1952 ( @entity24929 ) has also been identified. @entity24930 ( @entity24931 ) has been mapped but to date no gene has been identified. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been identified in @entity3054 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in genes from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes appear to be responsible. @entity2383 , in the broadest sense, is emerging as central to the pathogenesis of this group of conditions.

title: Molecular genetic basis of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity24930 :: ('MESH:C537125', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathies', 'inherited optic neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity3054 :: ('MESH:D029242', 'Disease') :: ["Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['inherited optic neuropathies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity1254 ( @entity1254 ) is a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244- @entity1522 which is extensively produced by adipocytes. @entity1254 acts via two receptors, namely @entity15443 ( @entity15444 ( @entity15445 ). Studies have shown the presence of @entity15443 and @entity15445 expression immunohistochemically in @entity1 @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, only a few studies exist which investigated effects of @entity1254 receptor expression on CRC characteristics. OBJECTIVES: In the present study, we aimed to explore @entity15444 expression in @entity1 @entity14 and any association with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 58 @entity14 @entity1 with @entity5 resection and a control group of 30 subjects with normal colon mucosa. RESULTS: Positivity for @entity15444 expression was significantly more common in the control group in comparison to the @entity1 group (both p<0.001). There was no significant association between @entity15444 expression and clinicopathological characteristics including age, sex @entity5 location, pTNM stage, Duke's stage, @entity3 , histological differentiation, perineural invasion, venous invasion sex, lymphatic invasion, @entity5 -related mortality, @entity5 size and recurrence. Adipo- R1/-R2 positivity was also not significantly linked to progression-free or overall survival [p values (0.871, 0.758 ) and (0.274, 0.232), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Although significantly reduced @entity15444 expression was found in @entity14 @entity1 , it had no influence on survival.

title: Association of XXXX receptor ( @entity15443 ) expression and @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity15443 :: ('51094', 'Gene') :: ['Adipo-R1', 'adiponectin receptor-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15444 :: ('51094;79602', 'Gene') :: ['Adipo-R1/-R2', 'Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'CRCs']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the incidence and pattern of spread of @entity1600 from @entity5 and to clarify the risk factors and appropriate extent of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) for individual @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 72 @entity1 with @entity5 treated by surgery between 1994 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively by reference to medical records. In line with our protocol, @entity1 with clinically positive lymph nodes and/or @entity16178 /T4 disease were generally selected to undergo @entity135 . RESULTS: Pathological examinations revealed @entity3975 in 23 @entity1 , @entity189 ex @entity5123 in 11, @entity2347 in 9, @entity189 in 9, @entity3981 in 8, @entity957 in 5, @entity420 in 4, epithelial @entity189 in 2, and @entity1491 in 1. Thirty-three @entity1 underwent @entity135 : modified @entity135 (MRND) in 13, and elective @entity135 (END) in 20. @entity86 ( @entity86 ) was performed in 33 @entity1 . Among 13 cN+ @entity1 , 10 were pN+ and @entity1600 was distributed mainly in levels I, II, III and V. Among 59 cN- @entity1 , clinical T1, T2, T3 and T4 classifications accounted for 10, 24, 10 and 15 @entity1 , respectively. The incidence of occult @entity1600 was 22%. Occult @entity1600 was mostly seen in the intraparotid, levels I and II of @entity1 with cT4 disease. Among the @entity135 group, 12 necks were pathologically negative for @entity5 (pN0). Relapse of neck @entity1600 occurred only in two @entity1 treated by MRND with pathologically positive lymph nodes (pN+). These @entity1 developed local and distant @entity3 within 1 year after neck lymph node recurrence, and subsequently died of the @entity5 . pN+ was found in 19/30 high grade (63%), 1/10 intermediate grade (10%), and 3/32 low grade (9.4%). Among 33 @entity1 who received @entity86 , only 1 @entity1 relapsed neck lymph node. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with clinically positive lymph nodes, ipsilateral modified radical @entity135 (levels I-V) is recommended. Elective @entity135 is strongly recommended for @entity1 with T3N0 or T4N0 disease, and the extent of @entity135 should include at least level I/II. @entity86 for @entity1 with high-risk features may improve the outcome of good neck control.

title: Patterns of XXXX of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['ND', 'radical ND', 'neck dissection']

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['parotid cancer', 'cancer', 'parotid cancers', 'parotid gland cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'salivary duct carcinoma', 'myoepithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative RT', 'PORT']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma NOS']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: Our objective was to investigate exposure to physical exercise and @entity130 in @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) compared to the general population. Previous studies in this area have yielded conflicting results. Using population-based @entity746 registries from Italy, the UK and Ireland, newly diagnosed @entity1 with definite, probable or possible @entity746 were enrolled in a case- control study with two age- and sex-matched controls for each @entity1 . Source, intensity and duration of physical activity and history of @entity130 were recorded. We here present the results of a pilot investigation. We studied 61 @entity1 and 112 controls. Forty-one per cent of cases and 17.0% of controls (p = 0.001) had blue-collar occupations; 13.1% versus 3.6% reported strenuous physical activity at work (p = 0.05). Compared with controls, @entity746 @entity1 had a longer exposure to work-related (10.7 vs. 7.3 years; p = 0.02) and sport-related physical exercise (9.6 vs. 5.2 years; p = 0.005). Three @entity1 (0 controls) reported professional sports (p = 0.04). Traumatic events were similar. Blue collar occupation (OR 4.27; 95% CI 1.68-10.88) and duration of sport-related physical exercise (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00-1.05) were independent variables in multivariate analysis. We concluded that @entity746 is associated with physical exercise but not with traumatic events.

title: @entity746 , physical exercise, XXXX and sports: results of a population-based pilot case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cluster analysis is particularly effective in detecting homogeneous subgroups among large series of observations. We applied this relatively uncommon approach to the study of prognosis in 137 @entity1 affected by @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Employing simple presentation parameters (age, WBC, @entity381 , @entity382 ) we used cluster analysis to define 3 groups with different overall survival (p = 0.0019). This classification was obtained following a rescaling of the variables and principal component analysis. Validation was performed through random definition of a control group. With the same variables, univariate analysis demonstrated age was the only prognostic factor, while @entity797 's model was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: In our series cluster analysis allowed a better definition of prognosis than @entity797 's analysis. Since the 3 groups are well identifiable, each @entity1 can be rapidly classified and his allocation confirmed by discriminant functions. For cluster 2 we were able to project a possible @entity2590 evolution, while cluster 3 was more frequently associated with a monocytic blastic component. We think that cluster analysis deserves consideration as an alternative statistical approach in the analysis of large series of data; its usefulness lies in its power to define homogeneous prognostic or biologic subgroups and to elaborate further hypotheses for new studies.

title: Study of prognosis in XXXX ( @entity3052 ) by cluster analysis.

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemias']


abstract: The content and distribution of substance @entity10133 ), @entity1943 , vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ), calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity10132 ) and neuropeptide Y ( @entity7766 ) in @entity1 skin were investigated. Radioimmunoassay was performed on pooled tissue samples from several regions (fingers, toes, axillas and thighs) and on tissue fluid from spontaneous blisters on inflamed skin. Immunocytochemical localization showed all peptides examined except @entity1943 to be present in nerve fibers. Nerve fibers storing SP and @entity10132 , which were found to coexist, were mostly present as free nerve endings in the superficial part of dermis and in epidermis. SP/ @entity10132 fibers were most abundant in fingers and toes. @entity3549 fibers and @entity7766 fibers were localized in the deeper parts of dermis around blood vessels and acini of sweat glands. Also fibers containing these neuropeptides were most common in fingertips and toes. @entity3549 occurred in relatively high amounts also in skin from axilla whereas @entity7766 in this region was below detection limit. Immunoreactive @entity1943 was found in low concentrations in tissue extracts and was not present in amounts sufficient for reliable immunostaining. Fluid from spontaneous blisters on inflamed skin contained detectable amounts of all neuropeptides.

title: Occurrence and distribution of neuropeptides in the XXXX skin. An immunocytochemical and immunochemical study on normal skin and blister fluid from inflamed skin.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity397 of a @entity438 during operation is a serious hazard. @entity432 of intracranial arteries has emerged as a valuable technical adjunct in the management of @entity438 . Twenty-five @entity1 (from a group of 43 consecutive @entity439 @entity1 treated during a 13-month period) underwent elective temporary arterial occlusion under somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) monitoring. Median nerve SEPs were used during 19 ICA and MCA @entity439 operations, while posterior tibial SEPs only were used in 7 @entity1 with @entity439 of the ACA. Amplitude of the N20 or @entity4666 was evaluated. A decrease in amplitude more than 50% when compared to baseline value was defined as a significant SEP change. In 11 @entity1 of the 25 cases, SEP changes were observed. @entity432 was applied to the proximal portion of the internal carotid artery 10 times, to the M1 portion of the middle cerebral artery 5 times, to the M1-M2 complex 5 times, to the A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery 9 times, and to the A2 - A3 once. Of the 26 clipping (25 @entity1 ), 12 had SEP alterations, 14 had no SEP changes. @entity432 was released within 3 minutes after disappearance of N20 (or @entity4666 ) in all the @entity1 with SEP changes except one. Nine of these 11 @entity1 showed complete recovery of SEP and two showed partial recovery. @entity1 with partial recovery of SEP were associated with postoperative new @entity51 , which was transient in one of them. There was a correlation between changes in SEP and post operative outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX surgery using temporary occlusion under SEP monitoring].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['Premature rupture']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Temporary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysm']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of @entity3137 in a selected Cambodian population to obtain pilot data useful in planning an oral health data base for the country. Due to unstable conditions in Cambodia, the validity of population data related to present census information is highly questionable. Therefore, prior to this investigation a census registration was carried out using local health workers as registrars in nine villages of a commune. In the period July 4-31, 1991, a total of 1319 individuals (953 @entity1 , 366 @entity1 , 15-99 yr) were examined by one oral surgeon in the nine villages of Kok Trop Commune, Kandal Stung District, southwest of the capital Phnom Penh. Clinical diagnoses were based on WHO criteria. Information on smoking habits, betel nut chewing habits, and @entity167 use was collected by 4 Khmer dental personnel. In total, 71 lesions were recorded in 64 (4.9%) individuals. @entity12120 was found in 1.1%, @entity75 in 1.8%, candidosis in 1.4%, submucous @entity82 in 0.2%, @entity5 in 0.1% and other diagnoses in 0.8%. The prevalence of @entity12120 was 2.2% and 0.6% among @entity1 and @entity1 respectively, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There were significantly more smokers (P < 0.01) among subjects with @entity12120 (64.3%) than among those without this lesion (28.6%). All subjects with @entity75 were @entity1 . The age-adjusted relative risk for developing lichen among betel nut chewers as compared to non-chewers was 3.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevalence study of XXXX in a selected Cambodian population.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lichen lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia', 'Leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity3137 :: (MESH:D009059,Disease) :: ['oral mucosal lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The ST segment monitoring substudy of the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and @entity1456 for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial compared the speed and stability of ST segment recovery among four thrombolytic strategies for acute @entity583 . BACKGROUND: Rapid resolution of ST segment elevation has been suggested as a noninvasive marker of @entity1188 patency. We expected that @entity1 treated with accelerated recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) would show a quicker recovery than that of other @entity1 but that those treated with streptokinase would show greater stability of recovery. METHODS: ST segment monitoring was initiated in 1,067 @entity1 within 30 min of the start of thrombolysis and continued for > 18 h with the use of a three-channel continuous vectorcardiographic monitor, a 12-lead continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitor or a three-channel (V2, V5, aVF) Holter ambulatory ECG monitor. RESULTS: Time to 50% recovery could be assessed in 618 @entity1 and was similar in the four treatment groups: median 45 min with streptokinase/subcutaneous heparin, 45 min with streptokinse/intravenous heparin, 42 min with accelerated rt-PA and 47 min with combination therapy (p = 0.7). No significant difference among the thrombolytic regimens was shown with the three monitors used. Time to initiation of ST segment analysis was directly related to time to 50% recovery (p = 0.0001) and was its best predictor in a multiple regression model. ST segment elevation recurred equally in each treatment group (approximately 36%, p = 0.9) but was significantly more common in @entity1 with a patent @entity1188 (p = 0.033) or a low ejection fraction (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The greater 90-min patency seen with accelerated rt-PA in the angiographic substudy did not correlate with a shorter time to 50% ST segment recovery, possibly because of technical limitations and study design. The similar rates of recurrent @entity63 (as assessed by ST elevation) among the regimens support the similar @entity1188 and reocclusion rates seen in the main trial and angiographic substudy.

title: Noninvasive assessment of speed and stability of XXXX reperfusion: results of the GUSTO ST segment monitoring study. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and @entity1456 for Occluded Coronary Arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue Plasminogen Activator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct-related artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elderly @entity1 , with considerable fall risk, are increasingly anticoagulated to prevent @entity1031 . We hypothesized that a policy of prophylactic fresh frozen plasma (FFP) infusion in @entity1 having falls would reverse @entity2067 antagonists (VKAs) and that reversal would decrease delayed @entity932 ( @entity932 ). METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity130 admitted to a level 2 community @entity130 center was performed from January 2010 until November 2012. Inclusion criteria were: ground level fall (GLF) with suspected @entity542 , on VKA, an international normalized ratio (INR) of >1.5, and a negative head computed tomography (CT). @entity1 were transfused with FFP to a goal INR of <1.5 while observed. @entity1 were classified as reversed (REV) if the lowest INR achieved within 4 to 24 hours after initial INR was <1.5 or unreversed (NREV) if lowest INR achieved was >1.5. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: A total of 194 @entity1 met the criteria. In all, 43 (22%) @entity1 were able to be REV, and 151 (78%) @entity1 remained NREV. Unreversed @entity1 were male and younger (P < .05). There was no difference in mean FFP received. Unreversed @entity1 had a higher initial INR of 3.0 compared to REV @entity1 (2.5; P = .018). One @entity1 developed a delayed @entity932 and belonged to the REV group. CONCLUSION: The incidence of delayed @entity548 was 0.5%. A strategy of prophylactic FFP infusion was ineffective in VKA reversal. We recommend against prophylactic infusion of FFP during a period of observation for @entity1 on VKA with suspected @entity542 and a negative initial CT.

title: Prophylactic Fresh Frozen Plasma Infusion is Ineffective in Reversing Warfarin Anticoagulation and Preventing Delayed XXXX After Falls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e19000 Background: @entity320 represent one of the most studied @entity5 , due to its highly increasing incidence but also due to the lack of efficacy of the known therapies in advanced stages. The most important prognostic factors remain the thickness of invasion and the lymph node status. In our study we intend to follow the role of sentinel node dissection in the prediction of metastatic spread. We try to find a correlation between histological evaluation of sentinel lymph node and time to recurrence. METHODS: The @entity1 were included after resection of @entity320 and referral to the Institute of Oncology. 30 @entity1 were included between Jan 2007 and Dec 2007. After surgery the @entity1 were staged using imagistic methods (CT or MRI) and sentinel lymph node detection and biopsy. The @entity1 receive treatment according to their stage (Interferon for locally advanced stages, chemotherapy for metastatic stages and no treatment for early stages). @entity1 with distant @entity3 were excluded. All the @entity1 were followed for recurrence using the same imagistic method as at baseline, every three month. RESULTS: There were stages: T1a - 3 pts, T1b - 4 pts, T2a - 6 pts, T2b - 7 pts, T3a - 2 pts, T2b - 3 pts, T4a - 0 pts, T4b - 5 pts. The localization of the @entity5 was: head and neck - 1 pt, trunk - 10 pts, upper limb - 6 pts, lower limb - 13 pts. @entity1600 was positive in 2 @entity1 (inguinal lymph nodes), one with T1b and one with T2b stage. The @entity1 with @entity5 receive adjuvant interferon low dose. The @entity1 with positive lymph node receive adjuvant high dose interferon. None of the @entity1 with positive lymph node developed distant @entity3 at two year follow up interval. One of the @entity1 with pN0sn (initial T4b stage) developed distant @entity3 at 6 months after sentinel node biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1600 biopsy represents the best method for lymph node staging. The presence or absence of sentinel @entity3 represents one of the most important prognostic factors for @entity320 . The lymph node stadialization have a major impact in adjuvant treatment selection.

title: The prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node detection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated tumors', 'primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'lymph node invasion']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: Soy @entity6400 exhibit a number of biological effects, suggesting that they may have a role in @entity5 prevention. Our objectives are to determine whether components of soy products or purified soy @entity6400 can inhibit the progression of @entity150 . We compared the in vitro effects of pure soy @entity6400 and soy phytochemical concentrate on growth curves, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in @entity19 and @entity1 @entity150 cell lines. Pure soy @entity6400 ( @entity670 , @entity8141 , @entity8139 , and @entity8138 ) and soy phytochemical concentrate exhibit dose-dependent growth inhibition of @entity19 (MB49 and MBT-2) and @entity1 (HT-1376, UM-UC-3, RT-4, J82, and @entity1 ) @entity150 cell lines, although the degree of inhibition varies among lines. Soy @entity6400 induce a G2-M cell cycle arrest in all @entity1 and @entity19 lines evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, some @entity150 lines show DNA fragmentation consistent with apoptosis. We next evaluated the ability of @entity670 , soy phytochemical concentrate, and soy protein isolate, respectively, to inhibit the growth of transplantable @entity19 @entity150 in vivo. C57BL/6 @entity19 were randomly assigned to treatment groups (n = 12/group): (a) AIN-76A diet; (b) AIN-76A diet plus @entity670 , i.p., 50 mg/kg body weight/day; (c) AIN-76 diet with soy phytochemical concentrate at 0.2% of the diet; (d) AIN-76 diet with soy phytochemical concentrate at 1.0% of the diet; and (e) AIN-76A diet with soy protein isolate, 20% by weight. @entity19 were inoculated s.c. with 5 x 10(4) syngeneic MB49 @entity150 cells, and @entity5 growth was quantitated. Neither @entity670 nor soy products reduced body @entity1017 . @entity5 volumes from @entity19 treated with @entity670 , dietary soy phytochemical concentrate at 1%, or dietary soy protein isolate were reduced by 40% (P < 0.007), 48% (P < 0.001), or 37% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with controls. We characterized the effects of treatment on several biomarkers in @entity5 tissue: proliferation index by proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, apoptotic index by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 - @entity1885 nick end labeling staining, and angiogenesis by microvessel quantitation. Soy products reduced angiogenesis, increased apoptosis, and slightly reduced proliferation while showing no histopathological effects on the normal bladder mucosa. Our data suggest that soy @entity6400 can inhibit @entity150 growth through a combination of direct effects on @entity5 cells and indirect effects on the @entity5 neovasculature. Soy products warrant further investigation in @entity150 prevention and treatment programs or as antiangiogenic agents.

title: Inhibition of XXXX bladder tumorigenesis by soy @entity6400 via alterations in the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'TCCSUP']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity8138 :: ('MESH:C004541', 'Chemical') :: ['biochanin A']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity8141 :: ('MESH:C040641', 'Chemical') :: ['genistin']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIMS: To identify self-care activities undertaken and to determine relationships between self-efficacy, @entity308 , quality of life, social support and adherence to compression therapy in a sample of @entity1 with @entity4096 . BACKGROUND: Up to 70% of @entity3179 recur after healing. Compression hosiery is a primary strategy to prevent recurrence; however, problems with adherence to this strategy are well documented and an improved understanding of how psychosocial factors influence @entity1 with @entity4096 will help guide effective preventive strategies. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey and retrospective medical record review. METHOD: All @entity1 previously diagnosed with a @entity3179 that healed between 12-36 months prior to the study were invited to participate. Data on health, psychosocial variables and self-care activities were obtained from a self-report survey and data on medical and previous @entity1066 history were obtained from medical records. Multiple linear regression modelling was used to determine the independent influences of psychosocial factors on adherence to compression therapy. RESULTS: In a sample of 122 @entity1 , the most frequently identified self-care activities were application of topical skin treatments, wearing compression hosiery and covering legs to prevent @entity130 . Compression hosiery was worn for a median of four days/week (range 0-7). After adjustment for all variables and potential confounders in a multivariable regression model, wearing compression hosiery was found to be significantly positively associated with @entity1 ' knowledge of the cause of their condition (p = 0.002), higher self-efficacy scores (p = 0.026) and lower @entity308 scores (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: In this sample, @entity308 , self-efficacy and knowledge were found to be significantly related to adherence to compression therapy. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: These findings support the need to screen for and treat @entity308 in this population. In addition, strategies to improve @entity1 knowledge and self-efficacy may positively influence adherence to compression therapy.

title: The impact of psychosocial factors on adherence to compression therapy to prevent recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous leg ulcers', 'venous leg ulcer']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous leg ulcers']


abstract: PURPOSE: The incidence of @entity2371 after placement of a suburethral sling for @entity322 ranges between 0% and 30%. The management of this @entity1118 after suburethral sling placement is complex and to our knowledge no consensus has been reached. We evaluated the functional results after removal of the suburethral tape responsible for chronic @entity2371 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2004 to August 2009, 32 @entity1 undergoing removal of suburethral tape causing chronic pelvic and perineal @entity158 at our department were prospectively followed. @entity1 were divided according to the type of suburethral sling into the transobturator tape group (15 @entity1 ) and the tension-free vaginal (retropubic) tape group (17 @entity1 ). In the TVT group tape removal was performed using transperitoneal laparoscopy in every @entity1 . In the TOT group tape removal was performed via a transvaginal approach possibly associated with a unilateral or bilateral incision in the proximal part of the thigh. @entity158 was evaluated by a visual analogue scale from 0-no @entity158 to 10-maximal @entity158 . RESULTS: The surgical exploration of suburethral tape responsible for chronic, treatment refractory @entity2371 revealed in most cases an abnormal tape position or excessive tape traction. In the overall population tape removal provided improvement of @entity158 (at least 50% improvement of the visual analogue scale score) in 68% with a mean followup of 10 months. Mean visual analogue scale score was 7.3 +/- 1.5 before surgery and 3.4 +/- 3 after surgery. However, recurrence of @entity322 was observed in 22% of cases. No significant difference was demonstrated in terms of functional results according to the type of tape insertion. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical removal of suburethral tape improved @entity158 in 68% of @entity1 but with a risk of recurrence of @entity322 in 22%.

title: Functional results after tape removal for chronic XXXX following tension-free vaginal tape or transobturator tape.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drinking modulates the progress of @entity65 diseases by affecting @entity731 risk factors. However, age-dependent effects of drinking on @entity731 risk factors have not been clarified in detail. OBJECTIVE: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether the relationship between drinking and @entity731 risk factors is influenced by age in male workers (12,386 @entity1 aged from 20 to 69 years) in Yamagata, a district of Japan. METHODS: The subjects were divided into five age groups, and each group was further divided into three subgroups according to @entity1068 consumption. The mean levels of each @entity731 risk factor were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Neither body mass index nor fasting blood @entity413 levels were significantly affected by drinking at any age. In the heavy drinkers ( @entity1068 consumption of 30 g per day or more) in all age groups, blood pressure, serum @entity412 and HDL @entity165 levels were significantly higher and serum LDL @entity165 level and the atherogenic index were significantly lower than in the nondrinkers. In the light drinkers ( @entity1068 consumption of less than 30 g per day) in all age groups, serum HDL @entity165 level and the atherogenic index were also higher and lower, respectively, than in the nondrinkers. However, light drinking significantly increased blood pressure only in the middle aged and relatively elderly groups (40-49, 50-59, 60-69 years of age) and significantly decreased the serum LDL @entity165 level only in relatively young and middle aged groups (30-39, 40-49, 50-59 years of age). Thus, the effects of light drinking on blood pressure and serum LDL @entity165 are dependent on age. The serum @entity412 level was not significantly affected by light drinking in any age group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that light drinking increases blood pressure in the middle-aged and the elderly but not in the young, while its beneficial effects on serum HDL @entity165 and atherogenic index are not changed with age.

title: Effects of age on the relationship between drinking and XXXX risk factors.

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present our long-term experience regarding the use of chemotherapy plus low-dose involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) for clinical Stage I-IIA @entity978 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed the data of 368 @entity1 . Of these, 66 received @entity3700 , @entity1891 , @entity4174 , and @entity229 (MOPP) and 302 received @entity632 (or @entity1259 ), @entity1732 , @entity5713 , and @entity2699 [A(E)BVD]. @entity1 with complete remission or very good partial remission were scheduled for low-dose IFRT (< or =3200 cGy). RESULTS: The 10-year @entity177 ( @entity177 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate was 85% and 86%, respectively. A(E)BVD-treated @entity1 had superior 10-year @entity177 and @entity1349 rates compared with MOPP-treated @entity1 (87% vs. 75%, p = 0.009; and 93% vs. 71%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Only 10 of 41 relapses had any infield (irradiated) component. Of the complete responders/very good partial responders treated with low-dose IFRT, those who received <2800 cGy had inferior @entity177 but similar @entity1349 as those who received 2800-3200 cGy. Adverse prognostic factors for @entity177 included age > or =45 years, @entity491 > or =10 x 10(9)/L, and extranodal extension. Secondary acute @entity1778 developed after MOPP with or without salvage therapy (n = 6) or after ABVD plus salvage therapy (n = 2). None of the nine secondary solid @entity5 developed within the RT fields. CONCLUSION: IFRT at a dose of 2800-3000 cGy is highly effective in clinical Stage I-IIA @entity1733 @entity1 who achieved a complete response or very good partial response with A(E)BVD. The long-term @entity137 with respect to secondary @entity5 appears to be acceptable.

title: Combination chemotherapy plus low-dose involved-field radiotherapy for early clinical stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FFS', 'failure-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3700 :: ('MESH:D008466', 'Chemical') :: ['mechlorethamine']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Short stretch bandages are very effective in the initial management of arm @entity4269 . However, no studies to date have measured the pressure required to achieve specific amounts of @entity353 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference between low and high-pressure bandaging in terms of therapeutically intended @entity353 of the compressed arm. METHODS: Experimental, randomized and comparative study with two study-groups consisting of high and low initial interface pressure bandages. Thirty-six hospitalized @entity1 in Nij Smellinghe hospital suffering from moderate to severe unilateral @entity0 not responsive to outpatient treatment were included. Bilateral arm volume was measured by inverse water volumetry before, after two hours and after 24 hours of bandaging. The amount of @entity4 was calculated by subtracting the volume of the diseased arm from that of the contralateral side. Sub-bandage pressure was measured after bandage application and two hours later. Bandages were then re-applied and the pressure was measured again. Twenty-four hours later, the pressure measurement was repeated and bandages were removed for final volumetry. @entity1 were randomized into two groups: group A received low pressure bandages (20-30 mm Hg) and group B received high pressure bandages (44-58 mm Hg). The main outcome measures were reduction of arm volume and @entity4 volume in the affected arm in both study groups. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in sub-bandage pressure and @entity1 comfort. RESULTS: Median arm @entity353 after two and 24 hours was 104.5 mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.2-184.2) (-2.5%) (P < .0001) and 217 mL (95% CI, 143.9-280.2) (-5.2%) (P < .01) for group A and 56.5 mL (95% CI, -2.7-123.1) (n.s.) and 167.5 mL (95% CI, 105.2-316.1) (-4.2%) (P < .01) for group B, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the volume changes in group A and group B. After 24 hours, @entity4 decreased by median percentage of 9.2% in group A and 4.8% in group B (n.s.). Bandages in group A were better tolerated. The sub-bandage pressure drop in the first two hours was between 41% and 48% in both treatment groups at both measuring sites. After 24 hours, the pressure drop was between 55% and 63%. No proximal swelling above the bandage was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Inelastic, multi-layer, multi-component compression bandages with lower pressure (20-30 mm Hg) are better tolerated and achieve the same amount of arm @entity353 as bandages applied with higher pressure (44-58 mm Hg) in the first 24 hours.

title: Compression therapy in XXXX : A randomized, controlled comparative study of relation between volume and interface pressure changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer-related lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer-related lymphedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) among the young is a rare and devastating event, but its exact incidence in many countries remains unknown. An autopsy is recommended in every case because some of the cardiac pathologies may have a genetic origin, which can have an impact on the living family members. The aims of this retrospective study completed in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland were to determine both the incidence of @entity1164 and the autopsy rate for individuals from 5 to 39  years of age. METHODS: The study was conducted from 2000 to 2007 on the basis of official statistics and analysis of the International Classification of Diseases codes for potential SCDs and other @entity204 that might have been due to @entity299 . RESULTS: During the 8  year study period there was an average of 292'546 @entity1 aged 5-39 and there were a total of 1122 @entity204 , certified as potential SCDs in 3.6% of cases. The calculated incidence is 1.71/100'000 @entity1 -years (2.73 for @entity1 and 0.69 for @entity1 ). If all possible cases of @entity1164 (unexplained @entity204 , drowning, traffic accidents, etc.) are included, the incidence increases to 13.67/100'000 @entity1 -years. However, the quality of the officially available data was insufficient to provide an accurate incidence of @entity1164 as well as autopsy rates. The presumed autopsy rate of sudden @entity204 classified as diseases of the circulatory system is 47.5%. For @entity204 of unknown cause (11.1% of the @entity204 ), the autopsy was conducted in 13.7% of the cases according to codified data. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of presumed @entity1164 in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland, is comparable to the data published in the literature for other geographic regions but may be underestimated as it does not take into account other potential SCDs, as unexplained @entity204 . Increasing the autopsy rate of @entity1164 in the young, better management of information obtained from autopsies as well developing of structured registry could improve the reliability of the statistical data, optimize the diagnostic procedures, and the preventive measures for the family members.

title: XXXX in the young (5-39 years) in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['Sudden cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Flavivirus cross-reactive antibodies in @entity1 sera interfere with the definitive identification of dengue virus (DENV) @entity281 especially in areas with multiple co-circulating flaviviruses. Use of DENV envelope domain-III (EDIII) can partially resolve the problem. This study has examined the effect of (i) incorporating the EDIIIs of four DENV serotypes into a single chimeric antigen, and (ii) immobilizing the antigen through specific interaction on the sensitivity and specificity of anti-DENV antibody detection. METHODS: A sera panel (n = 164) was assembled and characterized using commercial kits for @entity281 by DENV and a host of other pathogens. Anti-DENV antibodies of both IgM and IgG classes in this panel were detected in indirect ELISAs using a mixture of monovalent EDIIIs, a chimeric EDIII-based tetravalent antigen, @entity1619 , and a biotinylated version of the latter as coating antigens. The sensitivity and specificity of these assays were compared to those obtained using the PanBio Dengue IgG/IgM ELISAs. RESULTS: The performance of dengue IgG and IgM indirect ELISAs, using either a physical mixture of four EDIIIs or the single chimeric @entity1619 antigen, were comparable. Coating of a biotinylated version of the tetravalent antigen on streptavidin plates enhanced sensitivity without compromising specificity. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of the EDIIIs of the four DENV serotypes into a single chimeric antigen did not adversely affect assay outcome in indirect ELISAs. Oriented, rather than random, immobilization of the tetravalent antigen enhanced sensitivity of detection of anti-DENV antibodies with retention of 100% specificity.

title: Evaluation of envelope domain III-based single chimeric tetravalent antigen and monovalent antigen mixtures for the detection of anti-dengue antibodies in XXXX sera.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced maternal age is associated with higher risks of intrapartum complications. However, the effect of maternal age on the risk of @entity14716 due to these complications is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between maternal age and delivery-related @entity14716 at term. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, birth records of 1,043,002 singleton term @entity1 with cephalic presentation were analysed excluding anomalous and antepartum losses in Scotland between 1985 and 2004. Linked Scottish national registries of pregnancy outcome data and @entity14716 data were used. The event was delivery-related @entity14716 (ie, @entity5617 during labour or @entity204 of the @entity1 in the first 4 weeks of life), plus a subgroup ascribed to intrapartum @entity519 . RESULTS: There were 803 delivery-related perinatal @entity204 , with 490 due to intrapartum @entity519 (4.7 per 10,000 births) and 313 (3.0 per 10,000 births) due to non-anoxic causes. Compared to @entity1 aged 25-34, @entity1 aged 40 and above had a twofold risk of delivery-related @entity14716 at term (adjusted OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.40). The excess was explained by increased risk of @entity204 due to intrapartum @entity519 . Among @entity1 in labour at term, age greater than 40 was independently associated with risk of @entity204 among primiparous (adjusted OR 5.34, 95% CI 2.34 to 12.20) and multiparous @entity1 (adjusted OR 2.14, 95% CI 0.99 to 4.60). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced maternal age is associated with an increased risk of @entity204 due to intrapartum @entity519 at term.

title: Advanced maternal age and the risk of XXXX due to intrapartum @entity519 at term.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity14716 :: ('MESH:D066087', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal death']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['anoxic death', 'death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal death']

answer: @entity14716 :: (MESH:D066087,Disease) :: ['perinatal death']


abstract: This study was carried out on 104 @entity1 of whom 94 were @entity748 and 10 @entity1 presented with a @entity6389 intractable cough; all presented with symptoms evocative of an associated @entity354 (RGO). The clinical symptoms revealed a nocturnal cough (67%), cough preceeding @entity565 (46%) and heartburn in 60%. The @entity565 was severe (type III and IV in 89% of cases), or dependent on @entity288 (37% of cases). pH monitoring of the oesophagus is the most sensitive examination (88% with positive results) slightly ahead of manometry and scintigraphy (both 81%), these examinations were clearly superior to radiographic examination (49%) and oesophageal fibroscopy (36%). The combination of pH monitoring and of scintigraphy enabled 98% of RGO cases to be identified by their clinical data. Medical treatment with Tagamet, Gaviscon and @entity1769 (alone or in combination) produced an improvement in the respiratory symptoms in 50% of the cases. Of the 14 surgically treated, 7 obtained an improvement in their respiratory symptoms. Seven of the ten @entity1 with @entity6389 cough were improved by medical treatment. Our study shows the frequency of oesophageal reflux in @entity1 with severe @entity565 . In half of them RGO intervened as an aggravating factor and the medical treatment of RGO led to a clear improvement in the respiratory symptoms.

title: [The association of XXXX and gastroesophageal reflux: strategy of paraclinical studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['spasmodic']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['Primperan']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The slow deterioration of the kidney graft is characterized histologically by interstitial @entity82 and @entity194 (IFTA). Immunological and non-immunological stress is the main cause of progression towards IFTA. Our study focused on the non-immunological @entity130 induced by ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) and @entity205 (CsA) @entity137 , which remain the two stress factors putting a damper on the outcome of the renal graft. Endogenous reactive @entity26 species (ROS) are essentially produced by mitochondria, and we have previously shown that the blockage of the mitochondrial enzymes monoamine oxidases (MAOs) prevents @entity274 production in the early reperfusion stage following IR. METHODS: We used a @entity35 model of IFTA consisting in unilateral nephrectomy followed by IR and daily CsA administration. Four weeks after IR, we analysed renal function, histological alterations and a number of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. RESULTS: We observed, 28 days after @entity4927 -mediated blockade of MAO (before or after IR), improved renal function as well as a net @entity177 associated to lower @entity3426 and @entity1505 gene expression. However, significant reduction in apoptosis, @entity39 and @entity82 was only observed when @entity4927 was administrated before IR. This protective effect was associated to decreased expression of @entity1810 , collagen types I, III and IV and also to the normalization of antioxidant ( @entity24544 , @entity12609 ) and inflammatory ( @entity4665 , LOX5) gene expression. CONCLUSION: It appears that the blockage of ROS produced by MAO and subsequent cell death might be an effective protective strategy against IFTA progression.

title: XXXX reduces renal damage associated with ischaemia-reperfusion and cyclosporin.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4927 :: ('MESH:D010293', 'Chemical') :: ['pargyline']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in renal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity4927 :: (MESH:D010293,Chemical) :: ['Pargyline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity32 described in @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) may be related to loss of muscle function or to @entity28 . It is unknown if circulating proinflammatory cytokines ( @entity650 , @entity1192 , and @entity310 ) levels are associated with muscle function. The purpose was to evaluate whether an association exists between systemic @entity32 with muscle function and nutritional status in @entity1555 @entity1 . In 66 @entity1555 @entity1 without @entity228 treatment, the following were evaluated in serum: cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity650 , and @entity310 ), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), leptin, @entity1254 , and @entity908 kinase (CK). Muscle function was evaluated using Vignos Scale. @entity1 with better muscle function had the highest concentration of CK, @entity1192 , and @entity310 compared with less muscle function. No differences in @entity650 and @entity1254 concentration were identified among groups with different levels of muscle function. Also, no differences were observed in the concentration of cytokines among groups with different nutritional status levels (underweight, normal weight, and overweight/ @entity28 ). However, @entity1851 and leptin were increased in the @entity28 group compared with normal and underweight subjects. Systemic @entity32 is increased in @entity1 with better muscle function and decreases in @entity1555 @entity1 with poorer muscle function; nevertheless, systemic @entity32 is similar among different levels of nutritional status in @entity1555 @entity1 .

title: Systemic XXXX in @entity1555 : Association with Muscle Function and Nutritional Status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: With the increase in terrorist activity in recent times, the number of @entity3614 has also increased in civilian and military settings. In a recent war, the number of @entity1 who suffered blast @entity131 (bTBI) increased, so treatment of bTBI is currently a very important issue. @entity3614 is complicated and can be divided into 4 categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. @entity3614 results from exposure to blast waves; secondary @entity3614 is @entity130 caused by fragments of explosive devices; tertiary @entity3614 is the result of collision with objects; and @entity3614 is the result of exposure to toxic and other substances. Blast waves mainly injure air-containing organs such as the lung, bowel, and ear. The brain may also be affected by blast waves. From the clinical perspective, @entity450 and severe @entity2657 occur frequently in @entity1 who sustain significant bTBI. Penetrating or closed @entity542 caused by the explosion may be associated with @entity2553 and @entity2849 formation. Mild @entity131 during war can be associated with @entity1005 . To elucidate the mechanism of bTBI, many research works using animal models and computer analysis are underway. Such studies have so far shown that blast waves can cause damage to the brain tissue and @entity73 ; however, detailed investigations on this topic are still required. Treatment of bTBI @entity1 may require clinical knowledge and skills related to intensive care, neurology, and neurosurgery. Moreover, further research is required in this field.

title: [The characteristics of blast XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['Blast injury', 'Primary blast injury', 'quaternary blast injury', 'blast injury', 'blast injuries']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how information on chemical constituents of different smokeless @entity286 products (STPs) may be used in @entity5 risk assessment for regulatory purposes. METHODS: This study investigated select STP constituents potentially associated with significant @entity5 risk by applying a known toxicological risk assessment framework. Cancer risk estimates were obtained for selected constituents of STPs and a medicinal @entity1239 gum formulation with comparable @entity137 information and also median concentration data on the GothiaTek analytes. The calculated @entity5 risk was considered 'unacceptable' if it exceeded the US Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA's) benchmark of an 'acceptable' @entity5 risk of 10E-6. RESULTS: The @entity5 risk estimates derived from daily use of 10 g of STPs meeting the industry-set GothiaTek limits exceed the levels generally considered 'acceptable' by the USEPA at least 8000 times. Except for the medicinal @entity1239 tested, all the STP types, including the relatively lower @entity286 specific @entity22463 (TSNA)-containing snus, were found to carry an 'unacceptable' @entity5 risk. The calculated @entity5 risks associated with the snus and the US moist snuff products were, respectively, at least 1000 times and 6000 times greater than the minimum acceptable. TSNA and @entity3409 are associated with the largest estimated @entity5 risks for all the STPs evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings provide an empirical risk assessment that could guide STP regulation using an existing toxicological assessment framework. The study findings question the scientific rationale of the industry-set standards and highlight the need for regulatory actions to reduce specific toxicants in all STPs.

title: Applying toxicological risk assessment principles to constituents of smokeless XXXX products: implications for product regulation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity22463 :: ('CHEBI:35803', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrosamine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic diverting ileostomy should help define whether a severe, obscure @entity360 is in the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract in preparation for subtotal resection without increasing risk of @entity1 morbidity and mortality. DESIGN: Case reports. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 1 is an 83-year-old @entity1 . @entity1 2 is a 75-year-old @entity1 . Both were admitted to the hospital for massive @entity360 , which required multiple blood transfusions. Extensive workup revealed @entity7261 in the small and large intestines without identification of any source of active @entity548 in either @entity1 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity was performed. The terminal ileum at the ileocecal valve was identified and, 5 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve, the small bowel was transected. The distal end staple line was secured in end-to-side fashion to the proximal end, and the proximal end was brought out as an end ileostomy. @entity1 were then observed for @entity548 into the ostomy bag or in the rectum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Localization of the source of @entity548 as upper or lower, occurrence of surgical complications, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred in either @entity1 . @entity1 1 had significant @entity548 into her ileostomy bag on postoperative day 1. She was taken back to the operating room for empirical small bowel resection. She was discharged, had no further @entity548 , and underwent closure of the ileostomy 2 months later. The postoperative course of @entity1 2 was complicated by a small parastomal abscess that resolved with percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. @entity1 2 returned on postoperative day 22 with @entity548 in the rectum. She was taken to the operating room for laparoscopic total colectomy with ileosigmoid @entity254 and @entity2747 . Both @entity1 recovered uneventfully and had no recurrent @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Our experience with these 2 @entity1 suggests that in cases in which the risk of blind resection appears ill-advised, laparoscopic compartmentalization of the small bowel from the colon via end ileostomy may be safely performed.

title: Laparoscopic ileostomy in severe, obscure XXXX : diagnostic laparoscopic ileostomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diverticula']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['ileostomy closure']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18573 Background: @entity17476 ( @entity17476 ) is a frequent target of @entity17477 from @entity1 with MGUS, @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) and @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ). @entity1 with @entity17476 specific @entity17477 are carriers of a hyperphosphorylated @entity17476 ( @entity17478 ). @entity17478 carrier state is inherited in an autosomal-dominant fashion, explaining cases of familial MGUS/ @entity1582 / @entity8057 . The aim of this study was to determine whether other auto-antigenic targets of @entity1 @entity17477 are also hyperphosphorylated. METHODS: Moleculary defined auto-antigenic targets of @entity17477 were subjected to DNA sequencing, gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focussing. RESULTS: Of 11 molecularly defined antigenic targets of @entity17477 , 9 were auto-antigens. Of these 9 cases, autologous tissues from the @entity1 whose paraprotein targeted the respective auto-antigen were available from 8 @entity1 . These autoantigens were: paratarg-2= TTP2, paratarg-5 = microtubulus-associated protein, paratarg-6 = @entity17479 , @entity17476 = @entity17476 , @entity16863 = @entity16863 , paratarg 9 = RSP16, paratarg-10 = @entity17480 and paratarg 11 = SIVA. SNPS or mutations in the autologous @entity1 were excluded by sequencing the genes coding for the respective auto-antigens in the @entity1 and in healthy controls. However, isoelectric focussing before and after phosphatase treatment revealed that all autoantigens tested were hyperphosphorylated in the respective @entity1 compared to healthy controls. For two antigenic targets ( @entity17476 and @entity16863 ) an autosomal-dominant inheritance could be shown. CONCLUSIONS: The consistent finding of hyperphosphorylated autoantigens suggests that these posttranslationally modified autoantigens entertain a chronic auto-immune response. @entity3980 represents a common underlying mechanism associated with the pathogenesis of MGUS/ @entity1582 , the elucidation of which can now be addressed using specific molecular tools.

title: Hyperphosphorylation of auto-antigen targets of @entity17477 in MGUS, @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), and @entity8057 ( @entity8057 ) is a consistent finding and suggests chronic antigenic stimulation by post-translationally modified auto-antigens as a common mechanism playing a role in the pathogenesis of MGUS/ XXXX / @entity8057 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17477 :: ('MESH:C563516', 'Disease') :: ['paraproteins']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphorylation of antigenic targets of paraproteins']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['WM', "Waldenstroem's macroglobulinemia"]

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['MM']


abstract: The indirect antitumor effects of recombinant gamma-interferon ( @entity379 ) were investigated using an in vitro @entity5 clonogenic assay modified to include @entity843 -associated macrophages (AAM). Untreated AAM stimulated @entity5 colony growth; conversely, AAM treated with @entity379 at clinically achievable doses demonstrate a significant growth-inhibiting effect. The indirect antiproliferative activity was dependent on the density of AAM. Supernatants from @entity379 -pretreated AAM cultures derived from 11 different @entity43 @entity1 significantly inhibited the colony growth of @entity43 cell line BG-1, as well as five of six other cell lines. Physicochemical characteristics of the supernatant indicated that a significant part of the antiproliferative activity is heat sensitive, destroyed by proteolytic enzymes, and is dependent on RNA and protein synthesis for production. Neutralizing antiserum against @entity5 necrosis factor significantly reduced the antiproliferative activity of the supernatants. Production of this factor by AAM was induced by exposure to 1000 units/ml of @entity379 for 15 min, although activity in the supernatants was not detected until 8 h after exposure to @entity379 . Potency of the supernatants reached a peak 12 h after priming and ceased by 22 h. Production of antiproliferative activity was maintained over 5 days by intermittent treatment of AAM with @entity379 . Combinations of @entity379 and supernatant from @entity379 -treated AAM showed potentiated antiproliferative activity against BG-1 in an additive to synergistic manner. Antitumor effects of @entity379 may be dependent on @entity5 -associated macrophages and treatment scheduling.

title: Characterization of the indirect antitumor effect of gamma-interferon using @entity843 -associated macrophages in a @entity1 XXXX clonogenic assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The neuroprotective effects of @entity172 have been demonstrated consistently in cellular and animal studies but the evidence in @entity1 remains conflicted. We explored the window of opportunity hypothesis in relation to @entity73 and @entity303 . In particular, we reviewed existing literature, reanalyzed some of our data, and combined results graphically. Current evidence suggests that @entity172 may have beneficial, neutral, or detrimental effects on the brain depending on age at the time of treatment, type of menopause (natural versus medically or surgically induced), or stage of menopause. The comparison of @entity1 who underwent bilateral oophorectomy with referent @entity1 provided evidence for a sizeable neuroprotective effect of @entity172 before age 50 years. Several case-control studies and cohort studies also showed neuroprotective effects in @entity1 who received @entity172 treatment (ET) in the early postmenopausal stage (most commonly at ages 50-60 years). The majority of @entity1 in those observational studies had undergone natural menopause and were treated for the relief of menopausal symptoms. However, recent clinical trials by the @entity1 's Health Initiative showed that @entity1 who initiated ET alone or in combination with a progestin in the late postmenopausal stage (ages 65-79 years) experienced an increased risk of @entity303 and @entity73 regardless of the type of menopause. The current conflicting data can be explained by the window of opportunity hypothesis suggesting that the neuroprotective effects of @entity172 depend on age at the time of administration, type of menopause, and stage of menopause. Therefore, @entity1 who underwent bilateral oophorectomy before the onset of menopause or @entity1 who experienced premature or early natural menopause should be considered for hormonal treatment until approximately age 51 years.

title: Oophorectomy, menopause, @entity172 treatment, and XXXX : clinical evidence for a window of opportunity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive aging']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive aging']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 33 Italian surgical departments with the aim of evaluating the efficacy of @entity2390 in the prevention of @entity3472 after elective pancreatic resections. METHODS: Between July 1990 and May 1992, 278 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Fifty-four dropped out because of unresectable disease and six were excluded because of protocol violation; the remaining 218 were randomly assigned to the @entity2390 group (n = 111) or to the placebo group (n = 107). There were 131 @entity1 and 87 @entity1 with a mean age of 58.2 +/- 11.7 yrs. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was the most common operation performed (n = 143), sixty-four percent of @entity1 had a @entity788 ; chronic @entity788 accounted for 8.2% of cases. RESULTS: Mortality rate was 6.9%. A @entity3472 occurred in 31 @entity1 (14.2%), 9% in the @entity2390 group and 19.6% in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Morbidity rate was significantly lower in the @entity2390 (21.6%) than in the placebo group (36.4%) (p < 0.05). When specific pancreatic complications were grouped together and evaluated, they occurred less frequently in the treated (15.3%) than in the placebo group (29.9%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2390 was able to reduce significantly the incidence of @entity3472 after elective pancreatic resections.

title: Efficacy of XXXX in the prevention of @entity3472 after elective pancreatic resections: a prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic or periampullary cancer']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: Over a 3 year period (1989-1991), 49 @entity1 who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in chronic phase were reported to the European Bone Marrow Transplant Registry. Most @entity1 had bad prognostic factors. The results were analyzed by 1 September 1993. Hematological recovery was observed in 45 cases and was significantly quicker after blood stem cell transplantation (n = 30) than after BMT (n = 19). Five @entity1 died early and five other @entity1 did not achieve a @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) following ASCT. Of the 39 @entity1 who achieved @entity1503 , 34 are still alive 17 to 52 months after ABSCT. Fifteen of the 34 @entity1 who had cytogenetic evaluation exhibited a major response (> or = 65%, Ph-negative metaphases). The actuarial risk of transformation for the 44 evaluable @entity1 was 28.1 +/- 15% (95% CI) and the actuarial survival at three years was 81.5 +/- 15% (95% CI). No factors were found to significantly influence the response rate or the @entity1 ' survival. These encouraging results suggest that ASCT by itself could play a role in prolonging survival in @entity1860 @entity1 .

title: Autologous stem cell transplantation in XXXX : a retrospective analysis of the European Group for Bone Marrow Transplantation. Chronic Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT.

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['complete hematological response', 'CHR']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: Background Fetal growth restriction is thought to negatively influence reproductive function in later life. Serum anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) is a marker of the primordial follicle pool. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of being born small for gestational age (SGA) on serum @entity248 levels and to investigate the effect of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) treatment on serum @entity248 levels in short SGA girls. METHODS Serum @entity248 levels were investigated in 246 prepubertal @entity1 aged 3-10 years: 119 untreated short SGA and 127 healthy controls. Associations between @entity248 levels and clinical characteristics were analysed using multiple regression analyses. In addition, we investigated the effect of @entity2124 treatment on serum @entity248 levels in short SGA girls. RESULTS Serum @entity248 levels were similar in short SGA and healthy control @entity1 (P= 0.95). In short SGA @entity1 , @entity248 levels were not significantly influenced by birth weight standard deviation score ( @entity214 ), birth length @entity214 and gestational age, even after adjustment for age, height @entity214 and body mass index (BMI) @entity214 at sampling, socio-economic status and maternal smoking during gestation. Serum @entity248 levels did not change during 4 years of @entity2124 treatment in short SGA @entity1 (P= 0.43). ConclusionS Serum @entity248 levels in prepubertal short SGA @entity1 are similar to healthy controls, indicating that the follicle pool is not compromised due to SGA birth. @entity2124 treatment has no effect on @entity248 levels in short SGA @entity1 .

title: Anti-Mullerian hormone in short @entity1 born small for gestational age and the effect of XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We assessed the independent contribution of @entity1851 to the risk of @entity65 in Aboriginal Australians. METHODS: High sensitivity CRP levels were measured in 705 Aboriginal @entity1 aged 20-74 years free from CVD at baseline. @entity1 were followed for a median of 11 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of CRP with the risk of developing CVD events. RESULTS: A total of 114 @entity1 were diagnosed with CVD. Incidence rates were 5.4 and 21.4 per 1,000 @entity1 -years for the lower (<3 mg/l) and the higher (>or=3 mg/l) CRP groups, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, total @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, smoking status, @entity6 , BMI and waist circumference, the association between CRP and CVD remained significant, with a hazard ratio of 2.40 (95% CI: 1.25, 4.62) for the higher CRP group relative to the lower CRP group. The population attributable risk was 52% (95% CI: 14%, 74%). CONCLUSIONS: CRP is an independent predictor of CVD in Aboriginal @entity1 . A large proportion of CVD cases are associated with elevated CRP levels. Therefore, controlling the conditions that cause @entity32 may be @entity65 in Aboriginal communities.

title: @entity1851 : an independent predictor of XXXX in Aboriginal Australians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['beneficial to cardiovascular health', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elective open @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair is major surgery performed on high-risk @entity1 . Routine ICU admission postoperatively is the current accepted standard of care. Few of these @entity1 actually require a level of care that cannot be provided just as effectively in a surgical high dependency unit (HDU). Our aim was to determine, 'can high risk @entity1 that will require ICU admission postoperatively be reliably identified preoperatively?'. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all elective open infrarenal @entity1028 repairs in our institution over a 3-year period was performed. The Estimation of Physiological Ability and Surgical Stress (E-PASS) model was used as our risk stratification tool for predicting post-operative morbidity. Renal function was also considered as a predictor of outcome, independent of the E-PASS. RESULTS: 80% (n = 16) were admitted to ICU. Only 30% (n = 6) of the total study population necessitated intensive care. There were 9 complications in 7 @entity1 in our study. The E-PASS comprehensive risk score (CRS)/Surgical stress score (SSS) were found to be significantly associated with the presence of a complication (p = 0.009)/(p = 0.032) respectively. Serum @entity1011 (p = 0.013) was similarly significantly associated with the presence of a complication. CONCLUSIONS: The E-PASS model possessing increasing external validity is an effective risk stratification tool in safely deciding the appropriate level of post-operative care for elective infrarenal @entity1028 repairs.

title: Why routine intensive care unit admission after elective open XXXX repair is no longer an evidence based practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm', 'AAA']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: We studied the expression of @entity3544 , the ras encoded protein, in primary @entity5 of 45 @entity1 with @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ). @entity1 were grouped according to outcome so that one group (31 @entity1 ) had a good outcome and the other (14 @entity1 ) a fatal outcome, after a follow-up of at least 5 years. The presence of @entity8498 protein was assessed by immunohistochemistry with a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb Y-13259). The results were correlated with the outcome, with the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 )/cyclin (as a marker of cell proliferation) and with other well established prognostic factors for @entity3557 (age, grading, extension and @entity5 size; Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 1990, 19, 545-576). @entity3544 staining in @entity5 of living @entity1 was negative in 15, weakly positive (1+) in 10 and strongly positive (2+ or more) in 6 @entity1 . In @entity5 from deceased @entity1 , @entity3544 staining was negative in 1, weakly positive in 2 and strongly positive in the remaining 11 @entity1 (P < 0.001, chi 2). @entity1364 immunostaining was increased in 63.6% (7/11) of the @entity5 from deceased @entity1 compared to 17.8% (5/28) of the @entity5 of living @entity1 , but no direct correlation was found between @entity3544 and @entity1364 expression. Among the other prognostic factors studied, only age > or = 40 years was a significant predictor of poor outcome. The survival curve of @entity1 with strongly positive @entity3544 staining was similar to that of @entity1 aged > or = 40 years at the time of diagnosis. The combination of @entity3544 > or = 2+ and age > or = 40 was superior to age alone (P < 0.05) as a prognostic indicator of poor outcome. In conclusion, our results indicate that the @entity3544 product of the ras (proto)oncogene is differently expressed in @entity3557 , in relation to the degree of @entity146 . Regardless of the pathogenetic role of the ras oncogene in thyroid tumorigenesis, our data indicate that the expression of the @entity8498 protein may be regarded as a prognostic indicator in @entity3557 . Furthermore, overexpression of @entity8498 protein is associated with @entity1 in the older age groups, and might contribute to the poor prognosis of elderly @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity8498 protein as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5545 is a @entity74 that affects 5 to 10% of school-age @entity1 . This condition consists in a specific @entity4207 with a neurological origin. These learning difficulties are unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of efficient classroom instruction. A range of neurobiological investigations suggests that disruption of the parieto-temporo-occipital systems underlies a failure of skilled reading to develop. The observation that @entity5545 is both a familial and heritable problem was made early on and was confirmed by twin studies. They also suggested that both genetic and environmental factors are involved. Several loci have been implicated in @entity5545 , notably on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 15 and 18 and some candidate genes have been proposed, but no functional mutation has yet been identified. LITERATURE REVIEW: @entity5545 seldom appears isolated and dyslexic @entity1 are very likely to present other kinds of @entity4207 or @entity146 . Specific @entity73 , often with a mild outcome, is the most frequently associated with @entity5545 . Indeed, late language development is often reported by dyslexic @entity1 and also occurs more frequently among their siblings. Genetic linkage studies suggest some common genetic factor underlying this comorbidity. @entity1056 is associated with @entity5545 in 25% of cases, but most @entity1 with @entity1056 do not have any sign of @entity5545 . The question of whether @entity1056 associated with @entity5545 and @entity1056 itself rely on the same @entity73 is still controversial. Impaired motor development is also a common feature that affects nearly 50% of dyslexics and @entity5545 is frequent among dyspraxic @entity1 . This association raises the discussion on the role of @entity73 in @entity5545 's physiopathology and the cerebellar theory of @entity5545 . Beyond its link with other @entity4207 , the study of @entity5545 's comorbidity highlights psychopathological issues. @entity71 is the most frequent @entity146 associated with @entity5545 . Underpinnings of this link between the two disorders seem to rely on common cognitive and genetic factors. Some authors have proposed a candidate gene @entity23510 to determine the condition including @entity71 and @entity5545 . In addition, dyslexics are exposed to a higher risk of anxiodepressive and @entity74 . Dyslexic @entity1 experience three times more @entity74 and one third of @entity1 with behavioural problems turn out to be affected by @entity5545 . The literature study reveals inconsistent findings about @entity308 , but evidence of a persistent increase in the rate of @entity148 . The authors put forward the impact of environmental factors to explain these @entity146 comorbidities. CONCLUSION: This review emphasizes @entity5545 's comorbidities because they represent an important issue, both from a scientific and clinical point of view. Indeed, for clinicians, @entity1 showing multiple @entity4207 have specific reeducation and educational needs and dyslexics have a higher risk of @entity74 . On the other hand, @entity5545 's comorbidity study provides a powerful method for researchers to investigate the still unknown physiopathology of @entity5545 .

title: [Psychocognitive and XXXX associated with developmental dyslexia: A clinical and scientific issue].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed mood among dyslexics']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorder', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'language impairment', 'motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity1056 :: ('MESH:D060705', 'Disease') :: ['Dyscalculia', 'dyscalculia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities', 'learning disability', 'learning disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders', 'emotional and behavioural disorders', 'complex neurodevelopemental disorder']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['dyslexia', 'Dyslexia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: H5N1 highly pathogenic avian @entity683 virus (HPAIV) causes periodic outbreaks in @entity1 , resulting in severe @entity281 with a high (60%) incidence of mortality. The circulating strains have low @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmissibility; however, widespread concerns exist that enhanced transmission due to mutations could lead to a global pandemic. We previously engineered @entity7467 virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, as a vector to express the HPAIV hemagglutinin (HA) protein, and we showed that this vaccine (NDV/HA) induced a high level of HPAIV-specific mucosal and serum antibodies in primates when administered through the respiratory tract. Here we developed additional NDV-vectored vaccines expressing either @entity778 in which the polybasic cleavage site was replaced with that from a low-pathogenicity strain of @entity683 virus [HA(RV)], in order to address concerns of enhanced vector replication or genetic exchange, or HPAIV @entity689 (NA). The three vaccine viruses [NDV/HA, NDV/HA(RV), and NDV/NA] were administered separately to groups of @entity3176 by the intranasal/intratracheal route. An additional group of animals received NDV/HA by aerosol administration. Each of the vaccine constructs was highly restricted for replication, with only low levels of virus shedding detected in respiratory secretions. All groups developed high levels of neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous strains of HPAIV and were protected against challenge with 2 x 10(7) PFU of homologous HPAIV. Thus, needle-free, highly attenuated NDV-vectored vaccines expressing either @entity778 , HA(RV), or NA have been developed and demonstrated to be individually immunogenic and protective in a primate model of @entity778 . The finding that HA(RV) was protective indicates that it would be preferred for inclusion in a vaccine. The study also identified NA as an independent protective HPAIV antigen in primates. Furthermore, we demonstrated the feasibility of aerosol delivery of NDV-vectored vaccines.

title: @entity7467 virus-vectored vaccines expressing the hemagglutinin or @entity689 protein of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian XXXX virus protect against virus challenge in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HPAIV infection', 'HPAIV HA']

entities_list: @entity7467 :: ('MESH:D009521', 'Disease') :: ['Newcastle disease']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3176 :: ('9534', 'Species') :: ['African green monkeys']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: @entity4013 is still being considered as one of the major public health problems in wrestlers. OBJECTIVES: To identify the prevalence, clinical pattern, aetiological agents and the predominant transmission route of @entity4013 , a study was carried out in 2008. In total, 270 wrestlers from eight wrestling salons were evaluated. Classical mycological techniques were performed on 135 skin scraping samples of 110 wrestlers suspicious for dermatophytoses and 240 touch preparation samples of wrestling mats. Diagnosis of the fungus type was made based on macroscopical and microscopical characteristics of the colonies. 19.2% of the evaluated wrestlers were inflicted with @entity4013 gladiatorum. The head and neck were the most prevalent (36.5%) areas of involvement, followed by arms and forearms (28.8%), trunk (21.2%), as well as groin and knee (13.5%). The mean age of @entity1 was 21 years and the most frequent age group was 10-19 years (51.9%). @entity12735 tonsurans was the most frequently isolated species representing 82.7% of isolates, followed by @entity12734 (5.8%), @entity12736 . interdigitale and @entity15528 (3.8% each), and @entity12736 . mentagrophytes and @entity12735 (1.9% each). Of 24 wrestling mats surveyed, 33.3% were heavily contaminated with T. tonsurans. @entity4013 gladiatorum in Iran is a common phenomenon among wrestlers, transmission pattern of which appears to be through @entity1 -to- @entity1 and mat-to- @entity1 contact. Furthermore, the clinical features of the disease are not consistent with those of the general population of Iran.

title: A clinico-epidemiological study on XXXX gladiatorum in Iranian wrestlers and mat contamination by dermatophytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatophytosis', 'tinea', 'dermatophytoses in Iranian wrestlers', 'Tinea']

entities_list: @entity12736 :: ('523103', 'Species') :: ['T. mentagrophytes var']

entities_list: @entity12735 :: ('63417', 'Species') :: ['T. verrucosum', 'Trichophyton']

entities_list: @entity15528 :: ('34391', 'Species') :: ['Epidermophyton floccosum']

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant therapy with intraperitoneal (IP) chromic @entity1391 (P-32) instillation in both early and advanced @entity43 requires adequate intra-abdominal distribution for maximum therapeutic benefit. Abdominal-pelvic computed tomographic (CT) scanning with water-soluble IP contrast to establish the absence of intra-abdominal adhesions prior to P-32 instillation has not been previously reported. STUDY DESIGN: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity43 who were offered IP P-32 therapy between January 1988 and December 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. Computed tomographic scans on 13 @entity1 were reevaluated using a modification of Muggia and associates' distribution scoring system. RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 , one had a negative second look operation for stage IIIc @entity43 . The remaining 15 with stage I and II disease underwent at least a staging laparotomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy. The mean time from operation to IP P-32 attempt was 28 days with a range of 17 to 90 days. Adequate distribution was considered present in two of the three cases evaluated by @entity1136 scanning and in four of the 13 cases studied by CT scanning. On review, 12 of 13 cases studied by CT scans revealed some areas of IP contrast exclusion and loculation. CONCLUSIONS: We suspect that uneven postoperative IP P-32 distribution is common and may be missed by two-dimensional imaging techniques such as @entity1136 scanning or fluoroscopy.

title: Chromic phosphate therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with a history of between one and four (average of two) unsuccessful prior esophageal operations for @entity409 were treated with esophageal resection and replacement. Eleven (50%) had recurred @entity354 in association with various @entity1319 : @entity9237 in 4, @entity1318 in 3, @entity2631 in 2, and @entity1152 in 2. Eight (36%) had primary @entity9237 and 3 (14%) had @entity1318 . @entity338 , and severe @entity2473 were the most common manifestations of the inability to swallow normally. Transthoracic or transhiatal (blunt) esophagectomies were performed in 5 and 17 @entity1 , respectively. The stomach, with a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, was used for esophageal substitution in 15 @entity1 . Six @entity1 underwent a long-segment colonic interposition, and 1 @entity1 with @entity1318 underwent a distal esophagectomy and short-segment colonic interposition. One @entity1 undergoing transthoracic esophagectomy for @entity1318 died from unrecognized intraoperative bleeding into the opposite chest. There were no other operative deaths. Additional complications included transient hoarseness in 8 @entity1 , chylothorax in 1, and @entity834 in 1. After an average follow-up of 25 months for the 21 surviving @entity1 , ability to eat is regarded as good in 18 (85%), fair in 1 (5%), and poor in 2 (10%). In @entity1 with incapacitating @entity1208 , a more radical operative approach-esophagectomy--may be safer and more reliable than attempting another procedure and risking another failure. Esophagectomy ensures definitive elimination of the esophageal problem and as optimal an ability to eat as possible. Our experience suggests that the stomach, with a cervical esophagogastric anastomosis, offers a better functional esophageal substitute than does a colonic interposition.

title: Esophagectomy: definitive treatment for esophageal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity9237 :: ('MESH:D015155', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal spasm']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuromotor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal obstruction, regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal neuromotor disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of motility']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['neuromotor dysfunction']