abstract: BACKGROUND: The " @entity28 paradox" is defined as an inverse association of good health, survival and @entity28 . Usually in healthy @entity1 the more @entity28 you are the more metabolic complications you have; however, thin @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) have more @entity65 and a higher mortality rate. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether @entity731 and @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ) contribute to the higher morbidity and mortality of @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: This prospective study included 87 @entity1 with chronic @entity1030 who were treated in the pulmonary outpatient clinic; all signed a consent form before enrollment. We documented their lung function (FEV1%), body mass index (BMI) and ankle brachial index (ABI). The primary endpoints were to find an association between @entity731 and BMI in @entity1 with @entity1030 , and between @entity731 and severity of @entity358 . RESULTS: Average ABI was 1.01 +/- 0.20, BMI was 29.33 +/- 7.48 kg/m2, and the abdominal circumference was 107.34 +/- 18.87 cm. A positive correlation was found between BMI and ABI (P=0.001) and between abdominal circumference and ABI (P=0.000). @entity1 with @entity3657 were older (73.6 +/- 11.5 vs. 68.1 +/- 11.6 years old, P= 0.04), were thinner (average BMI 25.5 +/- 6.2 vs. 31.06 +/- 7.3, P= 0.001), and had a lower abdominal circumference (97.7 +/- 18.3 vs. 111.7 +/- 17.5 cm, P=0.001). No such difference was observed for years of smoking. Male @entity3657 @entity1 with @entity1030 had a lower BMI (25.2 +/- 5.6 vs. 29.9 +/- 7.4, P = 0.016), and their abdominal circumference was smaller (96.1 +/- 18.0 vs. 110.2 +/- 16.5 cm, P=0.004). @entity3657 @entity1 with @entity1030 had a lower BMI (26.3 +/- 8.2 vs. 33.1 +/- 7.0, P=0.045), but their abdominal circumference was not different from females without @entity3657 (102.0 +/- 19.7 vs. 114.0 +/- 19.4 cm, P=0.162). @entity1 with @entity3657 had a @entity358 (FEV1% 34 +/- 8% vs. 45 +/- 16%, P=0.01). During the 1 year of follow-up five @entity1 died: two @entity3657 @entity1 due to @entity583 and three non- @entity3657 @entity1 died from @entity338 (two @entity1 ) and @entity1151 (one @entity1 ). DISCUSSION: We found that @entity1030 @entity1 with @entity3657 were older and thinner and had a lower abdominal circumference and a more @entity358 . Extensive @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity1030 may partly explain the " @entity28 paradox" observed in @entity1 with @entity1030 .

title: " @entity28 paradox" in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease', 'PAD', 'Female PAD']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'worse lung disease', 'progressive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Numerous trials have shown that the pharmacokinetic interferences of @entity1259 (Ellence)/ @entity1311 ( @entity1311 ) combinations produce less pharmacodynamic effect than @entity632 / @entity1311 regimens. @entity1311 is more easily combined when infused over 3 (as compared to 24) hours; the administration of optimal doses of both agents is important. Based on these findings, a phase II study was performed to evaluate the feasibility and activity of the combination of @entity136 (Gemzar), @entity1259 , and @entity1311 as first-line therapy in advanced @entity0 . @entity1 received @entity136 at 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 4, plus @entity1259 at 90 mg/m2 on day 1, plus @entity1311 at 175 mg/m2/d on day 1 every 21 days. After six courses, @entity1 less than 60 years old and in complete or partial remission or stable disease were treated with high-dose chemotherapy as consolidation treatment. The overall response rate was 92%, with 31% complete responses; 25 @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy, achieving a final overall response rate of 97%, with 47% complete responses. At a median follow-up of 25 months, median progression-free survival is 21 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 64% of @entity1 . Other hematologic @entity137 were mild. Mild to moderate @entity1897 was experienced by 39% of @entity1 ; grade 2 or 3 @entity33 occurred in 25% and 17% of @entity1 , respectively. Based on these results, a multicenter trial has been started in seven Italian centers to confirm the feasibility of this regimen.

title: The @entity136 / XXXX / @entity1311 trials in advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations of @entity984 gene and @entity5 suppressor genes have been found in both @entity2513 . The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of @entity984 gene mutations found in initial @entity2513 for predicting the risk of metachronous @entity652 . METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded @entity652 larger than 5 mm in diameter removed at the initial total colonoscopy between 1980 and 1982. All @entity1 underwent colonoscopic follow-up for at least 10 years. The sequence of exon 1 of the @entity984 oncogene was amplified with the polymerase chain reaction technique and screened for mutation by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. All suspected mutations were confirmed by direct DNA sequencing. The predictive value of @entity984 gene mutations for the risk of metachronous @entity652 was assessed by chi-square testing and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of 54 @entity1 39 (72%) were male and 15 (28%) female. At the time the initial @entity652 was removed, 31 (57%) @entity1 were younger than 60, whereas 23 (43%) were 60 years or older. Point mutations of the @entity984 oncogene were found in the index @entity652 of 15 (27.7%) @entity1 . Mutations were found more frequently in large (> or = 20 mm) @entity652 and in @entity652 with severe @entity1141 (P = 0.0011 and P = 0.0310, respectively). There were no significant associations between @entity984 mutations and anatomic location, histologic type, or number of synchronous @entity75 . Mutations were found predominantly at codon 12 with transversions from GGT to GTT (57%), from GGT to @entity19194 (36%), and from GGT to TTT (one @entity1 ). The single mutation found at codon 13 showed a transversion from GGC to GAC. There were significant associations between size (> or = 20 mm) and @entity984 mutation of the initial @entity652 and the size (> 5 mm) of metachronous @entity652 (P = 0.0259 and P = 0.0265, respectively). However, multivariate analysis showed that @entity984 mutations did not provide a significant additional contribution to the prognostic value of the size of the initial @entity652 (odds ratio, 7.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68-34.48) and the amount of villous structure (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.05-0.90) it contained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with large (> or = 20 mm) @entity652 and @entity652 with @entity984 mutations found at the initial examination have a significantly higher risk of developing large (> 5 mm) metachronous @entity652 during surveillance. Multivariate analysis of initial @entity652 characteristics showed that the risk of metachronous @entity2513 can be adequately estimated by the size and the histologic type of the largest initial @entity652 and that @entity984 mutations are of secondary importance only. Further studies based on a larger series will have to identify the @entity652 characteristics that will help to improve follow-up strategies.

title: @entity984 gene mutations as predictors of metachronous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesions']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas', 'colorectal adenomas and carcinomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A treatment strategy for @entity1 with @entity418 invading adjacent structures found during esophagectomy (surgical T4; @entity23169 ) has not been established and the role of esophagectomy remains controversial. The aims of this study were to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and to clarify the prognostic factors of @entity1 who underwent esophagectomy for @entity23169 @entity5 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 76 @entity1 who were found to have @entity23169 @entity5 was reviewed retrospectively. T4 @entity5 were divided into two groups according to the invaded structures. Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model was used to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS: Complete @entity5 clearance with combined resection was performed in 12 @entity1 (16%). Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 40.8%, 9.2%, and 7.9%, respectively. There was no significant relationship between survival and invaded structure @entity5 status. Postoperative therapy was selected as an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The complete resection rate was low and the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity23169 @entity5 was poor. Subclassification according to the invaded structures was not a prognostic factor in this study. Postoperative therapy may improve survival in @entity23169 @entity1 and should be considered irrespective of @entity41 status after esophagectomy.

title: Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX invading adjacent structures found during esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'type or residual tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1707 continue to grow in importance as a tool in neuroscience. However, behavioral tests that have been validated in the rodent model do not translate well to @entity1707 because of their very different responses to behavioral stimuli. We refined metrics for assessing porcine open field behavior to detect a wide spectrum of clinically relevant behaviors in the piglet @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Female neonatal piglets underwent a rapid non-impact head rotation in the sagittal plane (n=8 evaluable) or were instrumented shams (n=7 evaluable). Open field testing was conducted 1 day prior to injury (day -1) in order to establish an individual baseline for analysis, and at days +1 and +4 after injury. Animals were then killed on day +6 after injury for neuropathological assessment of @entity21 . Injured piglets were less interested in interacting with environmental stimuli and had a lower activity level than did shams. These data were compared with previously published data for @entity717 in neonatal piglets. Acute behavioral outcomes post- @entity131 showed a dependence on the rotational plane of the @entity1545 , with animals with @entity130 demonstrating a greater level of inactivity and less random usage of the open field space than those with @entity130 . The persistence of @entity21 is also dependent on the rotational plane, with @entity717 causing more prolonged injuries than @entity717 . These results are consistent with animal studies, finite element models, and studies of concussions in football, which have all demonstrated differences in injury severity depending upon the direction of head impact rotation.

title: Behavioral deficits and axonal injury persistence after XXXX are direction dependent.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic brain injury', 'TBI']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['axial rotations', 'axial rotational injuries', 'sagittal rotations']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal injuries', 'axial injuries']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['rotational head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior reports focus primarily on @entity121 in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). However, the significance of @entity4 is uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency and degree of muscle fat and @entity4 , and correlate these with clinical function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (ages 5-19  years) with @entity1555 underwent pelvic MRI. Axial T1- and fat-suppressed T2-weighted images were evaluated to grade @entity121 (0-4) and @entity4 (0-3), respectively. Degree and frequency of disease involvement were compared to clinical evaluations. RESULTS: Gluteus maximus had the greatest mean @entity1560 score, followed by adductor magnus and gluteus medius muscles, and had the most frequent and greatest degree of @entity1560 . Gluteus maximus also had the greatest mean @entity4 score, followed by vastus lateralis and gluteus medius muscles. These muscles had the most frequent @entity4 , although the greatest degree of @entity4 was seen in other muscles. There was correlation between cumulative scores of @entity1560 and all clinical evaluations (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1555 , the muscles with the most frequent @entity1560 had the greatest degree of @entity1560 and correlated with @entity1 function. However, the muscles with the most frequent @entity4 were different from those with the greatest degree of @entity4 . Thus, @entity4 may not predict @entity1 functional status.

title: Analysis of XXXX and inflammation of the pelvic and thigh muscles in @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ): grading of disease involvement on MR imaging and correlation with clinical assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'muscle edema']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle fatty infiltration']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['fatty infiltration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6331 remains an important cause of acquired @entity299 in developing countries. Although the prevention of @entity4789 and the management of recurrences is well established, the optimal management of active @entity627 is still unclear. This is an update of a review published in 2003 and previously updated in 2009. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of anti-inflammatory agents such as @entity117 , corticosteroids, immunoglobulin and pentoxifylline for preventing or reducing further @entity340 in @entity1 with @entity4789 . SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on The Cochrane Library (Issue 3, 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to Aug 2011), EMBASE (1998 to Sept 2011), LILACS (1982 to Sept 2011), Index Medicus (1950 to April 2001) and references lists of identified studies. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing anti-inflammatory agents (e.g. @entity117 , @entity230 , immunoglobulins, @entity1502 ) with placebo or controls, or comparing any of the anti-inflammatory agents with one another, in adults and @entity1 with @entity4789 diagnosed according to the Jones, or modified Jones criteria. The presence of @entity299 one year after treatment was the major outcome criteria selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using methodology outlined in the Cochrane handbook. MAIN RESULTS: No new studies were included in this update. Eight randomised controlled trials involving 996 @entity1 were included. Several steroidal agents @entity3317 , @entity821 , @entity701 , @entity619 and @entity229 , and intravenous immunoglobulin were compared to @entity117 , placebo or no treatment in the various studies. Six of the trials were conducted between 1950 and 1965, one study was done in 1990, and the final study was published in 2001. Overall there was no significant difference in the risk of @entity299 at one year between the @entity228 -treated and @entity117 -treated groups (six studies, 907 @entity1 , relative risk 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.66 to 1.15). Similarly, use of @entity229 (two studies, 212 @entity1 , relative risk 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.52 to 2.45) compared to @entity117 did not reduce the risk of developing @entity299 after one year. Adverse events were not reported in five studies. The three studies reporting on adverse events all reported substantial adverse events. However, all results should be interpreted with caution due to the age of the studies and to substantial risk of bias. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is little evidence of benefit from using corticosteroids or intravenous immunoglobulins to reduce the risk of @entity340 in @entity1 with @entity4789 . The antiquity of most of the trials restricted adequate statistical analysis of the data and acceptable assessment of clinical outcomes by current standards. Additionally there was substantial risk of bias, so results should be viewed with caution. New randomised controlled trials in @entity1 with @entity4789 to assess the effects of @entity288 such as oral @entity229 and intravenous @entity1667 , and other new anti-inflammatory agents are warranted. Advances in echocardiography will allow for more objective and precise assessments of cardiac outcomes.

title: Anti-inflammatory treatment for carditis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['acute rheumatic fever', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic carditis']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['corticotrophin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve damage', 'heart valve lesions']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4789 :: (MESH:D012213,Disease) :: ['acute rheumatic fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MD) is an important component of symptomatic and supportive treatment for @entity15 ( @entity15 ), but evidence base for its effectiveness is yet to be established. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of organized MD rehabilitation in adults with @entity15 . To explore rehabilitation approaches that are effective in different settings and the outcomes that are affected. SEARCH STRATEGY: The sources used included: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials "CENTRAL", MEDLINE (1966- 2005), CINAHL (1982- 2005), PEDro (1990- 2005), EMBASE (1988- 2005), the Cochrane Rehabilitation and Related Therapies Field trials Register and the National Health Service National Research Register (NRR). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and controlled clinical trials that compared MD rehabilitation with routinely available local services or lower levels of intervention; or trials comparing interventions in different settings or at different levels of intensity. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers selected trials and rated their methodological quality independently. A 'best evidence' synthesis based on methodological quality was performed. Trials were grouped in terms of setting and type of rehabilitation and duration of @entity1 follow up. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials (7 RCTs; 1 CCT) (747 @entity1 and 73 caregivers) were identified. Seven RCTs scored well and one CCT scored poorly on the methodological quality assessment. There was 'strong evidence' that despite no change in the level of impairment, inpatient MD rehabilitation can produce short-term gains at the levels of activity (disability) and participation for @entity1 with @entity15 . For outpatient and home-based rehabilitation programmes there was 'limited evidence' for short-term improvements in symptoms and disability with high intensity programmes, which translated into improvement in participation and quality of life. For low intensity programmes conducted over a longer period there was strong evidence for longer-term gains in quality of life; and also limited evidence for benefits to carers. Although some studies reported potential for cost-savings, there is no convincing evidence regarding the long-term cost-effectiveness of these programmes. It was not possible to suggest best 'dose' of therapy or supremacy of one therapy over another. This review highlights the limitations of RCTs in rehabilitation settings and need for better designed randomized and multiple centre trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: MD rehabilitation programmes do not change the level of impairment, but can improve the experience of @entity1 with @entity15 in terms of activity and participation. Regular evaluation and assessment of these @entity1 for rehabilitation is recommended. Further research into appropriate outcome measures, optimal intensity, frequency, cost and effectiveness of rehabilitation therapy over a longer time period is needed. Future research in rehabilitation should focus on improving methodological and scientific rigour of clinical trials.

title: Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective group of medications available to treat @entity32 . Although most @entity1 with @entity32 respond to GC, a small group of @entity1 exhibit persistent GC-resistance with prolonged @entity32 . Previously, it was proposed that the GC-resistance is caused by low amount of @entity1 GC receptor (hGRalpha) and/or excessive presence of a GC receptor isoform, hGRbeta that was generated from alternative splicing of the hGR message. We have tested this hypothesis by investigating correlation between the expression pattern of hGR mRNAs in @entity1 with @entity480 and the effectiveness of GC treatment.? We have performed reverse transcription PCR analysis of mRNAs coding each hGRalpha and hGRbeta in nasal tissues.? hGRalpha mRNA was more expressed in @entity1 with @entity480 than in normal subjects. However, the elevated hGRalphamRNA expression was decreased after GC treatment. Compared with hGRalpha mRNA expression, level of hGRbeta mRNA expression was very low in all groups. In @entity1 , hGRbetamRNA was expressed at a similar level regardless of GC efficacy, indicating that there is no correlation between the GC sensitivity and the expression level of hGRbeta mRNA. Thus, persistent GC-resistance is not associated with low expression of hGRa or over- expression of hGRbeta.

title: Expression of glucocorticoid receptor mRNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory nasal polyps', 'nasal polyps']

answer: @entity480 :: (MESH:D009298,Disease) :: ['nasal polyps']


abstract: 1. Two recently synthesized @entity24266 derivatives ( @entity41525 ; @entity41526 ) were tested in conscious saline-loaded @entity35 and showed natriuretic and antimagnesiuretic properties but hardly reduced @entity972 excretion. 2. In the same model a dose-response curve was performed for @entity41525 . ED50 and Emax values were calculated for the natriuretic (ED50 = 13.4 mumol kg-1; Emax = 1.08 mmol kg-1) and antimagnesiuretic (ED50 = 11.3 mumol kg-1; Emax = -0.099 mmol kg-1) properties of @entity41525 . There were no significant changes of @entity972 and @entity460 excretion. 3. After a single dose of @entity41525 (100 mumol kg-1) the time course of electrolyte excretion was analysed over 6 h. @entity41525 did not show any significant effects on renal @entity972 and @entity460 excretion whereas a pronounced decrease (P less than 0.01) in renal @entity1760 excretion was evident during the 6 h. A moderate increase of @entity1372 excretion was observed only after 3, 5 and 6 h. 4. A selective reduction of @entity1760 secretion in the late distal tubule and collecting duct was proposed as a possible mechanism of action of @entity41525 . This would explain the fast onset of action as well as the lack of antikaliuretic and anticalciuretic effects. The high selectivity of @entity41525 makes it potentially valuable for the future investigation of renal @entity1760 transport.

title: Effects of a new @entity24266 derivative on urinary @entity1372 , @entity972 and @entity1760 excretion in conscious saline-loaded XXXX .

entities_list: @entity24266 :: ('CHEBI:27601', 'Chemical') :: ['pteridine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Qualitative features of the primary inward and outward current components of identified lactotrophs of the @entity35 anterior pituitary were examined. Identification of lactotrophs in heterogeneous dissociated anterior pituitary cultures was accomplished by application of the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Currents in lactotrophs were subsequently examined using whole-cell or patch recording techniques. Two components of inward @entity460 current were observed: a transient component and a sustained component. The transient component activated at voltages as negative as -50 mV and was the major contributor to total lactotroph @entity460 current. The sustained component activated at voltages above about -10 mV. The 2 currents could be qualitatively separated by differences in inactivation properties and in sensitivity to @entity3409 . At least 3 components of outward current were distinguished. Either 30 mM @entity1041 or 0 @entity460 eliminated a major portion of sustained outward current. This is likely to represent primarily @entity460 - and voltage-activated @entity972 current. The remaining current could be further differentiated into a transient current component that could be inactivated with conditioning potentials above -60 mV. A slowly activating and deactivating @entity972 current remained following inactivation of the transient current. Although the time course of the transient current is reminiscent of "A" current, activation of this current required potentials above -30 mV. Candidates for the single-channel currents that underlie the whole-cell outward currents were observed in cell-attached recordings. When combined with patch-clamp electrophysiological methods, the reverse hemolytic plaque assay promises to be a powerful technique for the electrophysiological characterization of specific cell subtypes in heterogeneous dissociated cell populations.

title: Membrane currents in identified lactotrophs of XXXX anterior pituitary.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: As @entity1 age, the incidence of both @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) and @entity101 increases. Concomitant occurrence of these conditions also increases with age, and the 2 are frequently encountered together in primary care practice. In addition, many @entity1 with @entity101 require >1 antihypertensive agent to adequately control blood pressure. In a multicenter, community-based, 8-week, uncontrolled, open-label study, we evaluated @entity16427 , a selective alpha1-adrenergic-receptor antagonist, in 491 @entity1 with concomitant symptomatic @entity1067 (American Urological Association [AUA] symptom score > or =12) and @entity101 , some previously untreated and some with inadequately controlled @entity101 (systolic blood pressure 120-179 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-109 mm Hg) despite taking 1 or 2 antihypertensive agents. @entity1 were allocated to 1 of 4 groups at baseline according to their diastolic blood pressure (control was considered DBP <90 mm Hg) and whether they had received antihypertensive medication before the study. Thus the 4 groups were treated/well-controlled, treated/poorly controlled, untreated/ @entity101 , and untreated/normotensive. In all @entity1 groups, @entity16427 therapy significantly improved AUA total symptom and bothersomeness scores and @entity1067 -specific indices of health status and interference with activities (P<0.001). Significant improvements in @entity1067 symptoms were observed with @entity16427 , regardless of whether initial symptoms were moderate or severe (P<0.001). Clinically important blood pressure lowering occurred only in the @entity1 groups in which blood pressure had been elevated at baseline. @entity1 whose blood pressure was poorly controlled at baseline, either without or with treatment (predominantly with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or @entity460 channel blockers), achieved adequate blood pressure control (reduction to <140/90 mm Hg) with the addition of @entity16427 . Similar improvements in blood pressure and @entity1067 symptoms were seen in both older (> or =65 years) and younger (45 to 64 years) @entity1 , and @entity16427 was well tolerated by both groups. The most frequent treatment-related adverse event was @entity1296 (13.0% of @entity1 ); however, @entity1 classified the @entity1296 as mild in approximately 75% of reports, and severe @entity1296 was reported by only 2 @entity1 (0.4%). @entity16427 is an effective antihypertensive agent when used in combination with agents from other antihypertensive classes in @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity101 and @entity1067 , and is also successful as monotherapy for controlling both @entity1067 and @entity101 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 .

title: A multicenter, community-based study of @entity16427 in the treatment of concomitant @entity101 and symptomatic @entity1067 : the @entity101 and XXXX Intervention Trial (HABIT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['BPH']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigate the efficacy of 0.03% topical @entity1140 eyedrops for the treatment of @entity936 in @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) @entity1 resistant/intolerant to 0.05% topical @entity205 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 were enrolled in this prospective study. After completing a 1-year run-in period of using artificial tears, 50% autologous serum eyedrops, and punctal plug occlusion, all the symptomatic @entity1 (n=29) were treated with 0.05% topical @entity205 (Restasis(  ); Allergan, Inc.). After 1 month, the @entity1 who presented topical or systemic intolerance to @entity205 were instructed to instill 0.03% topical @entity1140 once a day for 3 months (n=14). All the @entity1 were allowed to continue with their basal @entity936 treatment. Visual acuity, @entity941 staining, Schirmer test, @entity941 tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height measurement were evaluated fortnightly (minimum 3 months). Subjective assessments of symptoms were also reported at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS: @entity936 and signs improved statistically (P<0.05) and significantly with @entity1140 and @entity205 topical treatment. No significant differences were observed between both the groups. The mean follow-up time was 12.14  2.69 months (range 10-18 months). CONCLUSION: The findings of this prospective pilot study suggest that @entity205 -intolerant @entity1 with @entity936 associated with @entity2132 can be effectively treated with topical @entity1140 .

title: Treatment of refractory @entity936 associated with @entity2132 with 0.03% XXXX eyedrops.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft versus host disease']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye', 'Dry eye symptoms']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two entomopathogenic fungi, Isaria fumosorosea and @entity20703 , and one bacterium, @entity11137 , were tested for their ability to cause mortality of @entity2442 (FST), @entity2442 (Shiraki), after liquid exposure, and for their lack of propensity to repel FST. RESULTS: The fungus Isaria fumosorosea at 108 spores/ml caused 72.5% mortality on day 7, significantly higher than the control and 106 spores/ml treatment. On day 14, the 106 and 108 concentrations caused 38.8% and 92.5% mortality, respectively, significantly higher than the control. On day 21, 82.5% and 100% of the termites were killed by the 106 and 108 treatments, respectively. I. fumosorosea did not repel termites at 106 nor 108 spores/g in sand, soil or sawdust. The fungus @entity20703 at 108 spores/ml caused 57.5% mortality on day 7, 77.5% mortality on day 14 and 100% mortality on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: On all three days the rate of mortality was significantly higher than that of the control and 106 spores/ml treatment with I. fumosorosea. Neither I. fumosorosea nor @entity20703 caused repellency of FST in sand, soil or sawdust. The bacterium @entity11137 did not cause significant mortality on days 7, 14 or 21. When termites were exposed to cells of @entity11137 in sawdust and when termites were exposed to a mixture of spores and cells in sand, a significantly higher number remained in the control tubes. Repellency was not seen with @entity11137 spores alone, nor with the above treatments in the other substrates.

title: Mortality and repellent effects of microbial pathogens on XXXX (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

entities_list: @entity20703 :: ('5530', 'Species') :: ['Metarhizium anisopliae', 'M. anisopliae']

entities_list: @entity2442 :: ('36987', 'Species') :: ['Formosan subterranean termites', 'Coptotermes formosanus']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis', 'B. thuringiensis']

answer: @entity2442 :: (36987,Species) :: ['Coptotermes formosanus']


abstract: We planned to determine whether or not there is a difference in the level of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) between @entity101 @entity1 and @entity101 @entity1 . Sympathetic activation of @entity101 ( @entity101 ) has been associated with increased cardiovascular events, which are known to be less likely to occur in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Normal @entity1 have been reported to have less sympathetic nerve activity than @entity1 , but no reported data are available regarding gender differences in sympathetic activity in @entity101 subjects. We examined 36 @entity1 with untreated and uncomplicated @entity101 comprising 18 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 , and 36 normal controls comprising 18 @entity1 and 18 @entity1 . MSNA was quantified as the mean frequency of single units and as multiunit bursts using the technique of microneurography. The @entity101 groups had greater sympathetic nerve activity than the control groups. Female @entity101 had lower (P<0.001) single unit @entity2915 (56+/-1.7 impulses/100 cardiac beats) than male @entity101 (72+/-1.7 impulses/100 cardiac beats). Normotensive females had lower (P<0.01) single unit activity (42+/-3.6 impulses/100 cardiac beats) than normotensive males (56+/-4.6 impulses/100 cardiac beats). Similar results were obtained for the frequency of multiunit burst activity. @entity101 in @entity1 is associated with a lower level of central sympathetic @entity2915 than in @entity1 . It is suggested that this may at least partly explain the observed lower @entity101 -related cardiovascular events in @entity1 than in @entity1 . In addition, the findings may have implications for gender-specific management of @entity101 .

title: The effect of gender on the sympathetic nerve XXXX of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'EHT', 'essential hypertension', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital left coronary artery abnormalities such as @entity850 or @entity1146 are extremely rare. Diagnosis in the neonate has not been reported. AIMS: To describe five neonates with left coronary artery orifice abnormalities and discuss pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment options, with a focus on the importance of autopsy in unexpected @entity204 . METHODS: Retrospective assessment of medical files of neonates with left @entity301 seen during a 12-year period (2000-2012). RESULTS: Three neonates with anatomical (n=2) and functional (n=1) @entity3979 and two neonates with ostial @entity1146 were identified. The three @entity1 with @entity3979 died within minutes to days after birth because of @entity712 refractory to intensive care treatment; at autopsy, left @entity3979 (n=2) and high take-off with acute angle origin and tangential vertical course (n=1) were diagnosed. The fourth neonate was in @entity712 due to critical @entity472 ; left @entity301 was diagnosed during an emergency catheter procedure and the @entity1 died after @entity384 . The fifth @entity1 had a @entity1167 on the third day of life; she was diagnosed with left @entity301 by coronary angiography and died during attempted revascularization surgery at 2 weeks of life. CONCLUSION: Congenital @entity301 can lead to severe @entity712 and unexpected @entity204 . Systematic examination of the coronary arteries should be part of any neonatal autopsy. Coronary angiography remains the diagnostic method of choice despite advances in non-invasive imaging. Revascularization surgery seems indicated in symptomatic @entity1 based on small @entity1 series.

title: Early @entity204 and congenital left @entity301 : ostial XXXX , @entity850 and anomalous aortic origin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infant', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ostial atresia', 'coronary ostial abnormalities', 'coronary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve dilatation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary ostial stenosis', 'left coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ostial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal death']

answer: @entity1146 :: (MESH:D018633,Disease) :: ['atresia']


abstract: Hemodynamic stresses are known to degenerate the arterial wall and be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity438 formation and development. The present study simulates the formation and growth of @entity439 by focusing on the interplay between the wall shear stress, degeneration of the mechanical wall properties, and the wall deformation. We construct numerical @entity439 models arisen from both straight and curved arteries, and we hypothesize that high local wall shear stress larger than a certain threshold value will lead to a linear decrease in the mechanical property of the vessel wall. The degeneration of vessel wall leads to wall deformation and redistribution of the wall shear stress, which in turn leads to further degeneration of the wall. Development of @entity439 is observed in both the straight and curved models. In the straight model, the growth of @entity439 is small and mainly at the distal neck region, and the @entity439 stops growing after several steps. In contrast, in the curved model, the @entity439 continues to grow in height and width. Our computer simulation shows that even if the wall shear stress inside a @entity439 is low, @entity439 development can occur due to degeneration of the wall distal and proximal to the @entity439 . The interaction between the geometry change and the wall degeneration is key to the development of @entity439 . The method demonstrates the potential utility of model-based numerical methods in the investigation of developmental biology of @entity438 .

title: A Model-based Numerical Analysis in the Early Development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: Alterations in cell surface proteins and glycoproteins may play a key role in determining the metastatic behavior of @entity5 cells. The cell surface proteins of a series of related @entity19 @entity694 cells selected in an animal model for @entity694 @entity3 (R. S. Bresalier et al., @entity5 Res., 47: 1398-1406, 1987) were therefore compared by a variety of biochemical methods. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of cell surface proteins followed by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis demonstrated quantitative and qualitative differences in the cell surface protein profiles of parental cell line 51B (low metastatic potential) and its metastatic derivatives 51B LiM 5 and 51B LiM 6. Labeling of @entity3167 -containing proteins suggested that, in the case of at least four of these proteins (Mr 170,000, 120,000, 95,000, and 55,000), this represented an increase in radioactive labeling of sialoglycoproteins from the metastatic lines. Affinity chromatography of solubilized 125I-labeled cell membrane proteins revealed a 2- to 3-fold increase in @entity3505 germ agglutinin and Sambucus nigra lectin binding associated with the metastatic lines, compared to the poorly metastatic parent. @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis of material eluted from these columns demonstrated enhancement of proteins from the metastatic cells corresponding in molecular weight to the previously identified major sialoglycoproteins. Neuraminidase-releasable membrane-associated @entity3167 and sialyltransferase activities were 2- to 3-fold higher in the metastatic cell lines compared to the parental line. Liver colonization after intrasplenic injection of the various lines into syngeneic @entity19 was dramatically reduced by prior removal of cell surface @entity3167 . Immunohistochemical staining of primary and metastatic @entity5 formed after cecal injection of parental 51B suggested selective @entity3 by @entity3505 germ agglutinin-binding @entity5 cells. These results further support the concept that cell membrane sialylation is important in determining the metastatic potential of @entity5 cells.

title: Cell surface sialoprotein alterations in metastatic @entity19 @entity694 cell lines selected in an animal model for XXXX @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate', 'Sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Pathological features of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) include @entity6980 and angiogenesis. @entity3658 ( @entity3658 ), is an essential mediator of angiogenesis by establishing vascular integrity, whereas @entity877 ( @entity877 ) acts as its natural inhibitor. We determined the levels of angiopoietins in sputum supernatants of @entity1 with @entity1030 and investigated their possible association with mediators and cells involved in the inflammatory and remodeling process. Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1030 , 25 healthy smokers and 20 healthy non-smokers were studied. All subjects underwent lung function tests, sputum induction for cell count identification and @entity3658 , @entity877 , @entity7 , @entity2533 , @entity1476 , LTB4, @entity687 , albumin measurement in sputum supernatants. Airway vascular permeability (AVP) index was also assessed. @entity877 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1030 compared to healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers [median, interquartile ranges pg/ml, 267 (147-367) vs. 112 (67-171) and 98 (95-107), respectively; p<0.001]. Regression analysis showed a significant association between @entity877 levels and AVP index, @entity7 , @entity687 and @entity1476 levels in @entity1030 , the strongest being with @entity7 . Our results indicate that induced sputum @entity877 levels are higher in @entity1030 compared to healthy smokers and healthy non-smokers. Moreover, @entity877 is associated with AVP, @entity687 , @entity1476 , and @entity7 , indicating a possible role for @entity877 in the pathogenesis of the disease.

title: Levels of angiopoietins 1 and 2 in induced sputum supernatant in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['lung vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues from 108 cases of invasive @entity2622 , consisting of 40 cases of @entity420 , 44 cases of @entity1962 , and, as a control, 24 cases of @entity957 were examined for the presence of @entity1082 ) DNA by in situ hybridization of high sensitivity using @entity4463 -labeled HPV-2, HPV-6, @entity1799 , and HPV-18 DNA probes. This method detects five genome copies of homologous HPV DNA per cell. HPV DNA was detected with mixed HPV DNA probes in 17 cases (42.5%) of @entity420 , 16 cases (36.4%) of @entity1962 , and in 13 cases (54.2%) of @entity957 . The types of HPV DNA in the HPV-positive tissues were also analyzed with each individual probe under high stringency conditions. HPV-18 DNA was detected in all but one case of the HPV DNA-positive @entity420 and one-half of the HPV DNA-positive @entity1962 . @entity1799 DNA was detected in one case of the HPV DNA-positive @entity420 , one-half of the HPV DNA-positive @entity1962 , and all cases of the HPV DNA-positive @entity957 . HPV DNA was confined to the areas of @entity189 and squamous @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) associated with @entity189 . Among 36 cases in which @entity3146 was associated with @entity420 (9 cases), @entity1962 (19 cases), and @entity957 (8 cases), the same type of HPV DNA was present in the @entity189 and the associated @entity3146 that constituted 12 cases (3 @entity420 , 5 @entity1962 , and 4 @entity957 ). Two cases (one @entity420 and one @entity1962 ) contained HPV DNA in the @entity189 but not in the associated @entity3146 . The incidence of HPV DNA did not show a significant correlation with the existence of @entity3146 or histological differentiation of @entity189 .

title: XXXX types and localization in @entity420 and adenosquamous @entity2622 : a study by in situ DNA hybridization.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4463 :: ('CHEBI:29304', 'Chemical') :: ['tritium']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['Human papillomavirus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gastric @entity651 is one of the most common clinical events. This study investigated the effects of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on combined acid plus small non-acidified particle (CASP)-induced @entity651 . Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP(+) ) or EGFP(-) BMSCs or @entity13150 were injected via the tail vein into @entity35 immediately after CASP-induced @entity651 . Pathological changes in lung tissues, blood gas analysis, the wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) of the lung, levels of total proteins and number of total cells and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined. The cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment significantly reduced @entity4 , @entity55 ; increased the arterial partial pressure of @entity26 ; and decreased the W/D of the lung, the levels of total proteins and the number of total cells and neutrophils in BALF in the @entity35 with CASP-induced @entity651 . Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatment decreased the levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a and @entity4646 and the expression of p-p65 and increased the levels of @entity13358 and @entity13150 and the expression of @entity3725 ( @entity3725 )-y in the lung tissue in CASP-induced @entity35 . Tumour @entity39 factor-a stimulated BMSCs to secrete @entity13150 . A tracking experiment showed that EGFP(+) BMSCs were able to migrate to local lung tissues. Treatment with @entity13150 also significantly inhibited CASP-induced @entity55 and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our results show that BMSCs can protect lung tissues from gastric @entity130 and inhibit @entity55 in @entity35 . A beneficial effect might be achieved through BMSC-derived @entity13150 activation of the @entity3725 -y receptor, reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.

title: Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit gastric @entity651 and inflammation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3725 :: ('25747(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor', 'PPAR']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation', 'exudation and lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar oedema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity4646 :: ('81503(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-1']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Thirty six cases of @entity1475 treated by Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) were reviewed in the Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog  a from January 1st to october 31, 1997. Molar pregnancy rate was 2.3 per 1000 pregnancies. Sixty percent of the cases occurred in @entity1 aged 20-30 years old. Previous @entity1475 was the most frequent risk factor found, it was present in 44.5% of the cases. The mean gestational age was 12.6 weeks. Peridural blocking was used for anesthesia de 86.1% of the cases, in the remainder general anesthesia was used. MVA was performed by different surgeons, following the technique that has been previously reported. Twelve @entity1 received sharp curettage immediately after MVA. There were tree @entity1 with @entity548 complications (1000 cc or more), one case needed blood transfusion. In two cases the evacuation was incomplete. Seven cases became persistent @entity1469 . The histopathologic report was consistent with @entity1475 la more than 90% of the cases. Oral contraceptives were selected by 66.7% of the @entity1 after the evacuation. It was concluded that @entity13094 is a safe and effective method for the evacuation of @entity1475 .

title: [Manual intrauterine aspiration om the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic disease']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['complete molar pregnancy', 'molar pregnancy']

answer: @entity1475 :: (MESH:D006828,Disease) :: ['molar pregnancy']


abstract: AIM: To clarify the efficacy and safety of an endoscopic approach through the minor papilla for the management of @entity660 . METHODS: This study included 44 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed in 34 @entity1 using a minor papilla approach between April 2007 and March 2012. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical profiles of the @entity1 , the endoscopic interventions, short-term outcomes, and complications. RESULTS: Of 44 ERCPs, 26 were diagnostic ERCP, and 18 were therapeutic ERCP. The most common cause of difficult access to the main @entity788 was @entity788 followed by @entity1157 . The overall success rate of minor papilla cannulation was 80% (35/44), which was significantly improved by wire-guided cannulation (P = 0.04). @entity2048 ( @entity2048 ) was performed in 17 of 34 @entity1 (50%) using a needle-knife (13/17) or a pull-type papillotome (4/17). @entity2048 with pancreatic stent placement, which was the main therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity1689 , recurrent acute @entity788 , and @entity9007 , resulted in short-term clinical improvement in 83% of @entity1 . Mild post-ERCP @entity788 occurred as an early complication in 2 cases (4.5%). CONCLUSION: The endoscopic minor papilla approach is technically feasible, safe, and effective when the procedure is performed in a high-volume referral center by experienced endoscopists.

title: Endoscopic approach through the minor papilla for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'pancreatic duct through the major papilla', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ["distortion of Wirsung's duct"]

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic minor papillotomy', 'EMP']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To record diagnostic and treatment approaches to @entity3811 among @entity10479 rheumatologists. METHODS: Questionnaires were faxed to 2500 @entity10479 rheumatologists. RESULTS: Responses were received from 518 rheumatologists. Respondents reported performing crystal analysis 80% of the time for new suspected @entity210 ; 64% use combination therapy for acute @entity210 ; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs alone are used in only 27%. @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are given to most @entity1 . @entity734 treatment is given occasionally to @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity5052 (4%) but most frequently to @entity1 after 2 (59%) or 3 (34%) attacks. @entity734 are given with the aim of achieving a serum urate (SU) level of 6 mg/dl. CONCLUSION: Combination antiinflammatory agents are used frequently for acute @entity210 despite absence of evidence in the literature to support this practice. There seems to be consensus regarding the necessity of lowering SU to < 6 mg/dl. Approaches vary widely, supporting the need for longterm prospective, placebo controlled studies to provide more evidence-based guidance.

title: A survey of current evaluation and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ULD', 'Urate-lowering drugs']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the differences in the prevalence of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases between @entity1 and @entity1 participating in the Italy Developing Education and awareness on MicroAlbuminuria in @entity1 with @entity101 Disease (I-DEMAND) study. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study aimed at assessing prevalence and correlates of @entity740 among Italian @entity101 @entity1 attending out- @entity1 referral clinics. @entity740 was defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) [ @entity8 ( @entity8 ) study equation and @entity740 Epidemiology Collaboration ( @entity740 -EPI) equation] and/or urine albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio of at least 2.5 mg/mmol in @entity1 and of at least 3.5 mg/mmol in @entity1 or both. @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) was diagnosed by either ECG or echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 3558 study @entity1 with renal data available were considered for this analysis: mean age was 61    4 years and 37% had @entity6 . Female @entity1 (n = 1636, 46%) were older, with a greater prevalence of @entity28 and lower prevalence of smoking. The prevalence of concomitant coronary artery and peripheral @entity455 , but not of @entity101 , @entity6 , or @entity712 , was lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The overall prevalence of @entity633 (21 vs. 32%; P = 0.001) and of microalbuminuria (16 vs. 23%; P = 0.001) was lower in @entity1 than in @entity1 . In @entity1 the prevalence of a reduced GFR estimated by both @entity8 (33 vs. 21%; P = 0.001) and @entity740 -EPI equations (32 vs. 23%; P = 0.001) was higher than in @entity1 . @entity740 prevalence was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 (44 vs. 41%; P = 0.095 and 43 vs. 43%; P = 0.475, respectively, when @entity8 and @entity740 -EPI @entity470 estimations were used). The prevalence of @entity4346 (diagnosed by either ECG or echocardiography) was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 (18 vs. 20%; P = 0.12).The main independent determinants of @entity740 were age, glycemia, uricemia, pulse pressure, @entity101 duration, and previous @entity65 in @entity1 , and increasing age, glycemia, uricemia, pulse pressure, and a lower BMI in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity8 are present in a significant number of female @entity101 @entity1 attending @entity101 clinics. Prevalence of reduced @entity470 and of microalbuminuria, associated risk factors, and clinical conditions are different between @entity1 and @entity1 , suggesting the need to develop specific therapeutic strategies to prevent @entity8 and reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

title: Sex differences in XXXX -related renal and @entity65 in Italy: the I-DEMAND study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Modification of Diet in Renal Disease', 'renal dysfunction', 'MDRD', 'Renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery diseases']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'hyperteNsive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease', 'Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left-ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of internal fixation with Herbert screws for the treatment of Pipkin type I and @entity3330 . METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2012, 23 @entity1 with Pipkin type I and @entity3330 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation by Herbert screws through Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Twenty-three @entity1 (aged 18 to 52 years with a mean of 35.5 years, including 18 males and 5 females @entity1 , 8 left hips and 15 right hips) with femoral @entity174 and @entity572 . The @entity174 was classified according to Pipkin classification based on the radiographic findings, 5 @entity1 had type I and 18 had @entity174 . The duration time from admission to the operation ranged from 6 to 72 h (averaged 32 h). The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the @entity1 were measured using Thompson-Epstein scoring scale. The Harris hip score( @entity11339 ) was used to evaluate and compare hip functions at the latest follow-up between affected and healthy sides. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the duration ranged from 20 to 48 months (averaged 30 months). According to Thompson-Epstein system, 12 @entity1 got an excellent result, 6 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The average @entity11339 at the finial follow-up was 87.80    8.46 (ranged from 66 to 95), which is similar to that in the healthy side 90.10    6.35 (ranged from 72 to 98) (t = 1.044, P = 0.302). The complications such as @entity281 , and @entity1150 were not found. At the 3rd year during follow-up,4 @entity1 had @entity2738 . At the 1st year of follow-up, 1 @entity1 had @entity158 after walking,screws loosening and shift after @entity130 ,and serious complications of @entity625 . All the 5 @entity1 were treated with total hip arthroplasties. CONCLUSION: The treatment of internal fixation with Herbert screws through the Kocher-Langenbeck approach is effective for Pipkin type I and type II femoral @entity174 . The method is reliable and valuable for recommendation. However, such @entity174 may have @entity2738 and complication of @entity625 , which should be observed carefully in clinic with preparation of the prevention and treatment measures.

title: [Clinical effects of internal fixation with Herbert screws for the treatment of Pipkin femoral XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['head fractures', 'type II fractures', 'head fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['posterior hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of femoral head']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['type II femoral head fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['head fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arrythmogenic @entity4266 ( @entity4128 /C) refers to fibro fatty infiltration replacement of ventricular myocardium especially that of right ventricle. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic state to @entity1165 , @entity712 and even @entity944 . Diagnosis is established using modified @entity4128 /C taskforce criteria. Among all the various modalities of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gives most comprehensive evaluation of both morphological and functional abnormalities in this disease. MRI may not only obviate need for myocardial biopsy but also give insights into the nature of disease like presence of left ventricular myocardial involvement. We present our 2  years experience of @entity4128 /C patents who were admitted in our center and in whom diagnosis of @entity4128 /C was supported by excellent MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted by Department of Radiology and Cardiology SKIMS, a tertiary care center for a period of 2  years. @entity1 with suspected @entity4128 /C based on clinical, electrophysiological and echocardiographic findings were subjected to MR imaging. @entity1 were excluded if they had history metallic implants, @entity913 or were uncooperative. In this study stress was laid on diagnostic role of MRI in @entity4128 /C. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 31  years (range 21-43  years). 80% of @entity1 were males. Most common clinical presentation was palpatations (40%). @entity1163 was present in 27% and @entity712 in 13%. EKG suggestive of @entity4128 was seen in 87%. Echocardiographic features suggestive of @entity4128 /C was seen in all 15 @entity1 . Family history of premature @entity944 less than 35  years old was present in one @entity1 only. MRI evidence classical for @entity4128 /C was seen in 80%. CONCLUSION: Demographic features and mode of presentation of our @entity1 is consistent with what has been rest of the world. We performed MRI in all @entity1 to increase the specificity of our diagnosis. MR imaging allows a three-dimensional evaluation of the right ventricle and provides the most important anatomic, functional, and morphologic criteria for diagnosis of @entity4128 /C within one single study. MR imaging appears to be the optimal imaging technique for detection and follow-up of clinically suspected @entity4128 /C.

title: Clinico-radiological profile of arrhythmogenic XXXX at a tertiary care center: Two year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['claustrophobia']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity4266 :: (MESH:D018497,Disease) :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']


abstract: This post hoc study investigated coverbal gesture patterns in two @entity1 with chronic @entity244 . They had both received therapy focusing on multimodal communication therapy, and their pre- and post-therapy verbal and gestural skills in face-to-face conversational interaction with their speech therapist were analysed by administering a partial barrier Referential Communication Task (RCT). The RCT sessions were reviewed in order to analyse: (a) @entity1 coverbal gesture occurrence and types when in speaker role, (b) distribution of iconic gestures in the RCT communicative moves, (c) recognisable semantic content, and (d) the ways in which gestures were combined with empty or paraphasic speech. At post-therapy assessment only one @entity1 showed improved communication skills in spite of his persistent @entity51 . The improvement corresponded to changes on all gesturing measures, suggesting thereby that his communication relied more on gestural information. No measurable changes were observed for the non-responding @entity1 -a finding indicating that the coverbal gesture measures used in this study might account for the different outcomes. These results point to the potential role of gestures in treatment aimed at fostering recovery from severe fluent @entity2026 . Moreover, this pattern of improvement runs contrary to a view of gestures used as a pure substitute for lexical items, in the communication of @entity1 with severe fluent @entity2026 . LEARNING OUTCOMES: The readers will describe how to assess and interpret the patterns of coverbal gesturing in @entity1 with fluent @entity2026 . They will also recognize the potential role of coverbal gestures in recovery from severe fluent @entity2026 .

title: Coverbal gestures in the recovery from severe fluent XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's aphasia"]

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: About 5-10 % of @entity0 is due to @entity74 . Currently known susceptibility genes such as @entity5345 and @entity2674 explain less than 25 % of @entity1423 of @entity0 , which suggests the involvement of additional genetic susceptibility. The @entity8448 [split hand/foot @entity600 (ectrodactyly) type 1] gene plays an important role in the regulation of gene transcription and cell proliferation and may be involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. It is a potential candidate for being involved in heritable @entity5 susceptibility due to its biological function. The @entity8448 protein binds in @entity1 cells to the longest conserved region of the @entity2674 protein and is required for @entity2674 stability and function, making a critical contribution to the @entity2674 function in mediating homologous recombination. Therefore, variants in the @entity8448 gene could affect the @entity2674 functionality and be associated with the @entity5344 . METHODS: We have screened the entire coding region and splice junctions of @entity8448 in affected index cases from 369 Spanish @entity5344 families for germ line defects, using direct sequencing. RESULTS: Mutation analysis revealed seven different sequence changes. Based on the in silico analyses of these sequence alterations, as well as their occurrence in cases and controls, none of them, however, were predicted to be pathogenic or associated with @entity5 susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive study reporting the mutation screening of the @entity8448 gene in @entity5344 cases. No evidence for the association with @entity5344 was observed.

title: Mutation analysis of the @entity8448 gene in XXXX families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast/ovarian cancer', 'breast/ovarian cancer', 'familial breast/ovarian carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['familial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease predisposition']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['breast/ovarian cancer']


abstract: The effects of @entity295 on gut @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) metabolism were studied to gain further insight into the regulation of the altered @entity1160 metabolism that characterizes @entity3124 . Studies were done in @entity35 and in hospitalized @entity1 . The @entity1 studies were done in seven healthy surgical @entity1 (controls) and six septic @entity1 who underwent laparotomy. Radial artery and portal vein samples were obtained during operation and were analyzed for GLN and @entity26 content. Despite no reduction in arterial @entity1160 concentration in the septic @entity1 , gut @entity1160 extraction was diminished by 75% (12.0% +/- 1.6% in controls vs. 2.8% +/- 0.8% in septic @entity1 , p less than 0.01). Similarly gut @entity26 extraction was diminished by nearly 50% in the septic @entity1 (p less than 0.05). To further investigate these abnormalities, endotoxin (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) or saline (controls) was administered to adult @entity35 12 hours before cannulation of the carotid artery and portal vein. The arterial GLN concentration was increased by 13% in the endotoxin-treated animals (p less than 0.05) but gut @entity1160 uptake was diminished by 46% (526 +/- 82 nmol/100 g BW/minute in controls vs. 282 +/- 45 in endotoxin, p less than 0.01). Simultaneously gut glutaminase activity was diminished by 30% (p less than 0.01) and intestinal @entity2227 release fell by two thirds. Blood cultures were negative in control animals (0 of 20), but were positive in 25% of endotoxemic animals (6 of 24) for gram-negative rods (p = 0.019). @entity295 and @entity5694 impair gut @entity1160 metabolism. This impairment may be etiologic in the breakdown of the gut mucosal barrier and in the development of bacterial translocation.

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity5694 on gut @entity1160 metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illnesses']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The severe complications of @entity778 , @entity548 manifestations and shock, are more commonly observed during secondary @entity778 than during primary @entity281 . It has been speculated that these complications are mediated by cross-reactive host-immune responses. We have begun to analyze @entity1 T cell responses to dengue antigens in vitro to explain the possible role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of these complications. Dengue antigens induce proliferative responses of PBMC from dengue antibody-positive donors, but do not induce specific proliferative responses of PBMC from dengue antibody-negative donors. @entity379 is detected in the culture fluids of dengue-immune PBMC stimulated with dengue antigens. The cells that proliferate in the dengue antigen-stimulated bulk cultures have CD3+, @entity404 +, @entity405 -, @entity4071 -, and @entity2225 - phenotypes. @entity779 cell lines were established using limiting dilution techniques. They have CD3+, @entity404 +, and @entity405 - phenotypes, and produce @entity379 in response to dengue antigens. Culture fluids from dengue-immune PBMC stimulated with dengue antigens, which contain @entity379 , augment @entity778 of @entity1 monocytes by dengue virus-antibody complexes. These results indicate that PBMC from dengue-immune donors contain @entity404 + T cells that proliferate and produce @entity379 after stimulation with dengue antigens, and suggest that the @entity379 that is produced by these stimulated dengue-specific T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity7643 and @entity7643 by increasing the number of dengue virus-infected monocytes in the presence of cross-reactive anti-dengue antibodies.

title: XXXX T cell responses to dengue virus antigens. Proliferative responses and interferon gamma production.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus infection', 'dengue virus infections']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue-specific T']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The primary hypothesis examined was that underfilling due to inflow obstruction accounts for modestly depressed ejection performance in @entity4794 . Having found little evidence to support this hypothesis, we sought to determine other factors that might differentiate @entity1 with different levels of ejection performance. METHODS: Ventricular load and performance were compared in two groups of @entity1 before and immediately after successful balloon valvuloplasty that was not complicated by @entity339 : those in whom prevalvuloplasty ejection fraction was > or = 0.55 (group I, n = 10) and those in whom it was < 0.55 (group II, n = 11). RESULTS: Before valvuloplasty, mitral valve area was less in group II (0.65 cm2) than in group I (0.84 cm2, p = 0.02), but end-diastolic pressure (12 vs. 12 mm Hg in group I), end-diastolic wall stress (46 vs. 44 kdynes/cm2 in group I) and end-diastolic volume (152 vs. 150 ml in group I) were not less in group II, nor were these variables significantly reduced compared with those of a normal control group. In group II, end-systolic volume was larger (77 vs. 55 ml in group I, p = 0.001) and cardiac output was less (3.1 vs. 3.6 liters/min in group I, p = 0.03), possibly owing to higher systemic vascular resistance (2,438 vs. 1,921 dynes.s.cm-5 in group I, p = 0.05) and end-systolic wall stress (273 vs. 226 kdynes/cm2 in group I, p = 0.06), although mean arterial pressure in the two groups was similar (91 vs. 84 mm Hg in group I, p = 0.22). Group II @entity1 also had higher values for pulmonary vascular resistance (712 vs. 269 dynes.s.cm-5 in group I, p = 0.03) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (47 vs. 29 mm Hg in group I, p = 0.02) despite similar values for mean left atrial pressure (20 vs. 18 mm Hg in group I, p = 0.35). After valvuloplasty, mitral valve area increased by 2.5- and 3-fold, respectively, in group I (to 2.1 cm2) and group II (to 2.0 cm2). Modest increases in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic stress and end-diastolic volume (+9%) after valvuloplasty were statistically significant only for group II. End-systolic wall stress did not decline in either group II (281 kdynes/cm2) or group I (230 kdynes/cm2), and ejection fraction failed to increase significantly (0.49 to 0.51 for group II and 0.62 to 0.61 for group I) after valvuloplasty. Contractile performance estimated with a preload-corrected ejection fraction-afterload relation was within or near normal limits in all 19 @entity1 in whom it was assessed. CONCLUSIONS: Excessive vasoconstriction may account for the higher afterload, lower ejection performance and lower cardiac output observed in a subset of @entity1 with @entity4794 because @entity409 could not be detected and left ventricular filling--which was not subnormal despite severe inflow obstruction--improved only modestly after valvuloplasty.

title: Excessive vasoconstriction in XXXX with modestly reduced ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['rheumatic mitral stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between the cross sectional area ( @entity10002 ) and isokinetic strength of the back muscles in @entity1 with @entity1643 . METHOD: Data of twenty-eight middle-aged @entity1 with @entity615 were analyzed retrospectively. CSAs of both paraspinal muscles and the disc at the L4-L5 level were measured in MRI axial images and the relative CSAs (rCSA: @entity10002 ratio of muscle and disc) were calculated. The degree of @entity2057 was rated qualitatively. Isokinetic strengths (peak torque, peak torque per body weight) of back flexor and extensor were measured with the isokinetic testing machine. Multiple regression analysis with backward elimination was used to evaluate relations between isokinetic strength and various factors, such as @entity10002 or rCSA and clinical characteristics in all @entity1 . The same analysis was repeated in the female @entity1 . RESULTS: In analysis with @entity10002 and clinical characteristics, body mass index (BMI) and @entity10002 were significant influencing factors in the peak torque of the back flexor muscles. @entity10002 was a significant influencing factor in the peak torque of total back muscles. In analysis with rCSA and clinical characteristics, BMI was significant in influencing the peak torque of the back flexors. In female @entity1 , rCSA was a significant influencing factor in the peak torque per body weight of the back flexors, and age and BMI were influencing factors in the peak @entity615 . CONCLUSION: In middle-aged @entity1 with @entity1643 , @entity10002 and rCSA were influencing factors in the strength of total back muscles and back flexors. Also, gender and BMI were influencing factors.

title: The Relationship between Cross Sectional Area and Strength of Back Muscles in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['torque of back flexors and total back muscles', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic Low Back Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity1296 has traditionally been considered solely as a symptom of discrete diseases, recent findings from population-based studies of older @entity1 suggest that it may often be a @entity751 with multiple predisposing risk factors, @entity73 in diverse systems. To validate these findings, we identified predisposing risk factors for @entity1296 in a clinic-based population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Geriatric assessment center. @entity1 : 262 consecutive, eligible @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Medical history and physical examination data were ascertained and characteristics of @entity1 with and without a report of @entity1296 were compared. RESULTS: Seven factors were independently associated with a report of @entity1296 , @entity308 , @entity231 , abnormal balance or gait, postural @entity551 , @entity6 , past @entity583 , and the use of three or more medications. Of @entity1 with none of these risk factors, none reported @entity1296 . This proportion rose from 6% among @entity1 with one factor, to 12%, 26%, and 51% among @entity1 with two, three, and four or more factors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The finding of similar factors associated with @entity1296 in previous community-based cohorts and the present clinic-based cohort supports the possibility of a multifactorial etiology of @entity1296 in many older @entity1 . A multifactorial intervention targeting the factors identified in these studies may be effective at reducing the frequency or severity of @entity1296 in older @entity1 .

title: Validation of XXXX as a possible @entity751 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['namely depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['representing impairments']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['dizziness']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the validity and practicality of real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for @entity1082 ) testing in combination with liquid based cytology samples for cervical screening. METHODS: Real time PCR using consensus (GPS+/6+) and type specific primers was developed to detect genital HPV types. This provides rapid, efficient amplification followed by denaturation of the product and computer analysis of the kinetics data that are generated. Liquid based cytology samples were obtained from @entity1 attending routine cervical screening clinics. DNA was extracted from the residual cellular suspension after cytology using spin columns. RESULTS: Real time PCR successfully distinguished between @entity1799 and HPV-18 on the basis of amplification with consensus primers followed by DNA melting temperature (Tm) analysis. Sensitivities of one to 10 copies of @entity1799 (mean Tm = 79.4 degrees C; 2 SD, 0.8) and four to 40 copies of HPV-18 (mean Tm = 80.4 degrees C; 2 SD, 0.4) were obtained. In a mixed population of @entity1 and HeLa cells containing known copy numbers of @entity1799 and HPV-18 genomes, @entity1799 and HPV-18 products were clearly separated by Tm analysis in mixtures varying from equivalence to 111000. Together with detailed melt analysis, type specific primers from the same region of the L1 gene confirmed the differential ability of this system. The method was applied to 100 liquid based cytology samples where HPV status using conventional GP5+/6+ PCR was already known. There was 95% agreement between the methods, with 55 positives detected by conventional PCR and 59 with real time PCR. The method was then tested on 200 routine liquid based cytology samples. Approximately 10% were positive by real time PCR, most of which were classified as @entity1799 by detailed melt analysis. Thirteen (6.8%) HPV positives were identified in 189 samples showing no evidence of cervical cytological abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: Real time PCR is a rapid, efficient method for the detection of HPV with the separation of @entity1799 and HPV-18 on the basis of differential Tm. Preliminary results suggest it could prove

title: Rapid real time PCR to distinguish between high risk XXXX types 16 and 18.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'SiHa']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The rate of new or missed @entity14 ( @entity14 ) after colonoscopy and their risk factors in usual practice are unknown. Our objective was to evaluate the rate and risk factors in a population-based study. METHODS: We analyzed data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Ontario Health Insurance Program, and Ontario @entity5 Registry for all @entity1 (> or =20 years of age) with a new diagnosis of right-sided, transverse, splenic flexure/descending, rectal or sigmoid @entity14 in Ontario from April 1, 1997 to March 31, 2002, who had a colonoscopy within the 3 years before their diagnosis. @entity1 with new or missed @entity5 were those whose most recent colonoscopy was 6 to 36 months before diagnosis. We examined characteristics that might be risk factors for new or missed @entity14 . RESULTS: We identified a diagnosis of @entity14 in 3288 (right sided), 777 (transverse), 710 (splenic flexure/descending), and 7712 (rectal or sigmoid) @entity1 . The rates of new or missed @entity5 were 5.9%, 5.5%, 2.1%, and 2.3%, respectively. Independent risk factors for these @entity5 in @entity1 and @entity1 were older age; @entity66 ; right-sided or transverse @entity14 ; colonoscopy by an internist or family physician; and colonoscopy in an office. CONCLUSIONS: Because having an office colonoscopy and certain @entity1 , procedure, and physician characteristics are independent risk factors for new or missed @entity14 , physicians must inform @entity1 of the small risk (2% to 6%) of these @entity5 after colonoscopy. The influence of type of physician and setting on the accuracy of colonoscopy, potentially modifiable risk factors, warrants further study.

title: Rates of new or missed XXXX after colonoscopy and their risk factors: a population-based analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity5 -promoting impact of neutrophils and macrophages has been demonstrated in some @entity5 . However, the prognostic significance of innate immune cells in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is unclear. METHODS: A total of 335 consecutive @entity1 resected for stage I-IIIA @entity1149 were assessed for @entity7406 (+) neutrophils and @entity11772 (+) macrophages in the @entity5 nests and adjacent stromal tissue by immunohistochemistry in whole tissue sections using stereology as well as automatic computerized quantification. Findings were correlated with clinical and histopathological parameters, baseline blood inflammatory markers ( @entity1851 (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC)). Endpoints were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Elevated CRP above median (101 nmol/l) and WBC above median (8.6   10(9)cells/l) were associated with poor @entity1349 (p  <= 0.002) and poor @entity1349 (p  <= 0.01). Higher density of @entity7406 (+) in @entity5 nests and stroma was associated with elevated CRP and WBC, squamous cell histology, @entity5 size, and @entity39 (p  <= 0.01). Higher density of @entity11772 (+) macrophages in @entity5 nests and stroma was associated with elevated CRP and lymph node @entity3 (p  <= 0.049). The densities of @entity5 nest @entity7406 (+) neutrophils and @entity11772 (+) macrophages were not significantly correlated with @entity1349 or @entity1349 , irrespective of assessment method. CONCLUSIONS: The densities of @entity5 -associated @entity7406 (+) neutrophils and @entity11772 (+) macrophages in @entity1149 were correlated with adverse prognostic factors and @entity32 markers, but not directly correlated with @entity1349 or @entity1349 . Further research of @entity32 in @entity1149 is warranted.

title: @entity5 -associated neutrophils and macrophages in XXXX : no immediate impact on @entity1 outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'systemic blood inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'overall survival', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: In vitro studies provide mechanisms by which elevated lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ] concentrations may promote both @entity715 and @entity731 . Case-control studies have reported raised @entity3452 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity64 , but prospective studies have failed to confirm the association. A potential confounding factor is that @entity3452 may rise acutely after @entity64 . We determined @entity3452 concentrations in 164 @entity1 studied at least 21 days after @entity64 or transient @entity2142 , and in 91 controls. In the @entity1 group we correlated @entity3452 concentrations with both the degree of @entity543 estimated on duplex ultrasonography, and with @entity64 subtype (large vessel disease, @entity1188 , and cardioembolic and unknown pathogenesis). There was no difference between @entity3452 concentration in cases and controls [median (quartiles) 0.10 (0.04, 0.39) versus 0.12 (0.04, 0.30) g/L, P = 0.34]. There was no difference in the proportion of cases compared with controls with a markedly elevated @entity3452 of > 0.4 g/L (21.3 versus 16.5%, P = 0.34). There was non-significant trend towards higher median @entity3452 concentrations in @entity1 [median (quartiles) 0.16 (0.04, 0.32) g/L versus 0.12 (0.04, 0.28) g/L, P = 0.3]. In view of this trend we analysed the differences between cases and controls for each sex separately. @entity3452 concentrations in @entity1 were median (quartiles) 0.08 (0.04, 0.26) g/L in the 101 cases and 0.12 (0.04, 0.28) g/L in the 43 controls (P = 0.6). @entity3452 concentrations in @entity1 were median (quartiles) 0.25 (0.04, 0.44) g/L in the 63 cases, and 0.16 (0.04, 0.32) g/L in the 48 controls (P = 0.16). Within the @entity1 group there was no difference between @entity3452 concentrations in the different @entity64 subgroups. There was no relationship between @entity3452 concentrations and mean percentage @entity543 (rs = 0.14, P = 0.07). Our results suggest that in an unselected population of @entity1 studied more than 3 weeks post event there is no relationship between lipoprotein(a) concentrations and either @entity64 /transient @entity2142 , or carotid @entity1856 . The relationship in @entity1 requires further study.

title: Relationship between lipoprotein (a) and both XXXX and carotid @entity1856 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic attack']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']