abstract: CONTEXT: Small declines in @entity1 -centred attitudes during medical education have caused great concern. Although some of the self-report scales applied have solid psychometric foundations, validity evidence for the interpretation of @entity2681 during clerkships remains weak. OBJECTIVES: We sought to address this gap in a qualitative study of the relationships between scores on four commonly used attitude scales and @entity1 ' experiences and reflections. Our aim was to gain a better understanding of the score changes from the @entity1 ' perspectives. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 junior doctors from a cohort (n = 37) that had previously shown a small decline in @entity1 -centred attitudes during clerkships, measured on four self-report scales. In the interviews, we explored interviewees' experiences of their development of @entity1 -centredness and subsequently discussed their scale scores, particularly for those items that contributed to a rise or decline in scores. We analysed the data using a process of constant comparison among personal experiences, scale scores and @entity1 ' explanations of score changes, applying the coding techniques of grounded theory. RESULTS: The analysis revealed important response distortions that might be responsible for small declines in scores during clerkships separately from changes in attitudes. The drastic alterations to the @entity1 ' frame of reference, attributable to the transition to clinical practice, represented the most prominent cause of distortion. More nuanced, context-specific, @entity1 -centred reasoning resulted in more neutral responses after clerkships, paradoxically causing a decline in scores. In addition to response distortions, the interviews revealed shortcomings in content validity such as an 'extreme' construct of @entity1 -centredness. CONCLUSIONS: This study calls into question the validity of the interpretation of @entity2681 during clerkships. The findings suggest that small declines in scores on self-report attitude scales are related to a recalibration of trainees' understandings of @entity1 -centredness as they grow more clinically experienced. The evolved construct of @entity1 -centredness and the way attitudes are measured require special attention in the development of future instruments.

title: 'More shades of grey in my answers': an interview study revisiting XXXX during clerkships.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['attitude erosion']

answer: @entity2681 :: (MESH:D014077,Disease) :: ['attitude erosion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore methods of automated @entity227 ( @entity227 ) examination for the assessment of macular function. METHOD: We used a @entity227 examination (AP-7000 automatic perimeter, Kowa, Japan) to examine macular function in 53 eyes from 29 @entity1 with @entity1538 . We measured the mean total deviation (c- @entity601 ) of 16 points in the central @entity227 located in a 2-degree-interval 4   4 array with various stimulus sizes (Goldmann sizes III, II, and I). The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, @entity4494 cell complex (GCC), and @entity4494 cell layer plus @entity389 (GCL + IPL) were measured with the 3D OCT-2000 System (Topcon, Japan). The c-MDs of various stimulus sizes were compared with the OCT parameters using the Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS: The average examination time was 93.5    23.5 s and the c- @entity601 values were -11.8    8.2 (stimulus size III), -11.9    9.5 (stimulus size II), and -12.3    9.6 dB (stimulus size I). The c- @entity601 (stimulus size III) and averaged total deviations of the Humphrey Field Analysis 10-2 program were significantly correlated (   = 0.91). The C- @entity601 values for stimulus size III were significantly correlated with the OCT parameters (RNFL:    = 0.59; GCC:    = 0.65; and GCL + IPL:    = 0.64). The correlation coefficient between the c- @entity601 and the GCC was better for stimulus sizes II and I (   = 0.69) than for stimulus size III (   = 0.65). CONCLUSION: The C- @entity601 values for the 16 measured central @entity227 points were significantly correlated with macular structure, and the smaller stimulus sizes of the automated @entity227 test had a higher correlation coefficient of within 8  .

title: Development of a new strategy of @entity227 testing for macular dysfunction in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner plexiform layer']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open angle glaucoma']


abstract: This study has been conducted on 17 @entity1 suffering from @entity308 , who had not received a pharmacological antidepressive therapy since at least 1 month. 6 @entity1 suffering from @entity308 were treated with 100 mg @entity8991 i.v. daily for 20 days; 11 @entity1 , 7 of whom suffered from @entity308 and 4 from @entity308 , were treated with 150 mg @entity5081 i.v. daily for 20 days. In both groups the therapy has been continued orally. In 17 @entity1 a remarkable improvement and even in some cases complete recovery has been obtained. The two psychotropic antidepressive drugs are, furthermore, both active in the same symptoms. The determination of @entity750 in @entity1 platelets confirms the strong inhibition of its re-uptake by @entity8991 and the absence of re-uptake of @entity750 with @entity5081 . A constant and progressive increase of @entity5581 was noted in @entity1 treated with @entity8991 . This increase may be considered as a consequence of the increased metabolism of the larger quantitity of @entity750 used by the central synapses. The interpretation of the increased levels of @entity5581 in @entity1 treated with @entity5081 is more difficult. Further trials, for instance on the plasmatic @entity2340 level, will perhaps solve the problem.

title: [Clinical and biochemical contributions on the effect of XXXX and @entity8991 in @entity308 states (preliminary observation)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic and psychotic depressions', 'neurotic depression', 'psychotic depression']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity5081 :: (MESH:D008376,Chemical) :: ['maprotiline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rectourethral @entity292 are uncommon, usually iatrogenic injuries that are demanding to treat. We present the challenging problems involving the treatment of @entity292 caused by war wounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the period 1991-1996, during the war in Croatia and Bosnia, six @entity1 with @entity292 caused by war injuries were operated in our institution by the same surgeon. All @entity1 were young males with a mean age of 24.6 years. In all @entity1 , double diversion (diversion colostomy and cystostomy) was performed at the time of the injury in military hospitals. In three @entity1 , multiple unsuccessful operations were performed in other institutions to close @entity292 . We found urethrocystography and proctoscopy as the most reliable diagnostic studies and performed them in all @entity1 . In first three @entity1 , we performed transanal repair with anterior rectal wall advancement flap. Because it failed in all three @entity1 , we performed York-Mason trans-sphincteric approach and anterior rectal wall advancement flap after which @entity292 closed in all @entity1 . Because of the satisfactory results, we performed the same procedure in other three @entity1 . RESULTS: In all @entity1 @entity292 healed 2 months after the operation. Closure of diverting colostomy was performed after urethrocystography and proctoscopy proved that the @entity292 has healed. There were no operative deaths and no major complications. @entity3832 developed in one @entity1 and was successfully managed by dilatation. CONCLUSION: We believe that York-Mason trans-sphincteric approach offers straightforward access through healthy tissues and good fistula visualization. Anterior rectal wall advancement flap can easily be performed and offer good chances for definitive closure of the @entity292 .

title: Long-term results of surgically treated traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['rectourethral fistulas', 'rectourethral fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['Urethral stenosis']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['rectourethral fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: Administrative health care claims data are used for epidemiologic, health services, and outcomes @entity5 research and thus play a significant role in policy. @entity5 stage, which is often a major driver of cost and clinical outcomes, is not typically included in claims data. OBJECTIVES:: Evaluate algorithms used in a dataset of @entity5 @entity1 to identify @entity1 with metastatic breast (BC), lung (LC), or @entity14 using claims data. METHODS:: Clinical data on BC, LC, or @entity14 @entity1 (between January 1, 2007 and March 31, 2010) were linked to a health care claims database. Inclusion required health plan enrollment >= 3 months before initial @entity5 diagnosis date. Algorithms were used in the claims database to identify @entity1 ' disease status, which was compared with physician-reported @entity3 . Generic and @entity5 -specific algorithms were evaluated using ICD-9 codes, varying diagnosis time frames, and including/excluding other @entity5 . Positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, and specificity were assessed. RESULTS:: The linked databases included 14,480 @entity1 ; of whom, 32%, 17%, and 14.2% had metastatic BC, LC, and @entity14 , respectively, at diagnosis and met inclusion criteria. Nontumor-specific algorithms had lower specificity than @entity5 -specific algorithms. Tumor-specific algorithms' sensitivity and specificity were 53% and 99% for BC, 55% and 85% for LC, and 59% and 98% for @entity14 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS:: Algorithms to distinguish metastatic BC, LC, and @entity14 from locally advanced disease should use @entity5 -specific primary @entity5 codes with 2 claims for the specific primary @entity5 >30-42 days apart to reduce misclassification. These performed best overall in specificity, positive predictive values, and overall accuracy to identify @entity5 in a health care claims database.

title: An Evaluation of Algorithms for Identifying Metastatic Breast, Lung, or XXXX in Administrative Claims Data.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal (CRC) cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity3557 (DSV-PTC) is a rare variant and reports describing the cytological findings are few. @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 24 cytological samples from thyroid fine needle aspirates of 20 @entity1 with DSV-PTC. The specimens were taken from 14 @entity75 and 10 nodules. RESULTS: All aspirates taken from both @entity75 and nodules had sufficient cellularity. The @entity189 cells frequently (70-100%) appeared as solid cell balls and hollow balls, and showed a hobnail pattern, squamous differentiation, septate cytoplasmic vacuoles and large unilocular vacuoles. Most of the @entity189 cells seem to be taken from the lumen of dilated lymph vessels. Ground glass nuclear chromatin, intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions and grooved nuclei were infrequent (50% or less). In the background, a large number of lymphocytes and abundant psammoma bodies were almost always seen. CONCLUSIONS: Cytological findings of DSV-PTC are as follows: (1) solid cell balls and/or hollow balls containing lymphocytes; (2) hobnail cells; (3) septate cytoplasmic vacuoles; (4) large unilocular vacuoles; (5) squamous differentiation; (6) abundant psammoma bodies; (7) lymphocytic background; and (8) the absence or relative lack of characteristic nuclear features of @entity1377 . When DSV-PTC is suspected by ultrasound examination, the aspiration cytology from a non-nodular area of the thyroid can led us to the diagnosis of the variant.

title: Diffuse sclerosing variant of @entity3557 : a study of fine needle aspiration cytology in 20 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-nodular lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated the usefulness of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) as a measure of histologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity421 . The correlation between @entity419 PET SUVmax values and histologic response to preoperative chemotherapy was also assessed prospectively using PET/MRI. METHODS: A total of 26 consecutive @entity1 with high-grade @entity421 were prospectively enrolled. All @entity1 underwent parallel PET and MRI scans before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Using the PET and MRI images and pathologic mapping, we assessed the percentage @entity39 by histology at the highest metabolic activity point in the @entity5 . This was defined as the minimum histologic response. The predictive values of SUVmax before (SUV1) and after (SUV2) chemotherapy and the SUV change ratio were determined. Correlations were also investigated among SUV2, minimum histologic response and histologic response. RESULTS: Histologically, 13 @entity1 were classified as good responders and 13 as poor responders. @entity1 with an SUV2 of >5 showed a poor histologic response. A significant correlation was found between SUV2 and histologic response (Spearman's rho -0.642; P   <   0.001), and SUV2 and histologic response were both found to be significantly correlated with minimum histologic response (Spearman's rho -0.515 and 0.911; P   =   0.007 and P   <   0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: A SUVmax of more than 5 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy identified the majority of histologic nonresponders (sensitivity 61.3  %, @entity2286 88.9  %). Tumor @entity39 at the point of maximum metabolic activity was found to be significantly correlated with the histologic response of entire resected specimen.

title: F-FDG PET SUVmax as an indicator of histopathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in extre XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['extremity osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['extremity osteosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors of early and late outcome after total arch replacement (TAR) for @entity731 @entity449 . METHODS: TAR with separate arch vessel grafting and selective cerebral perfusion was performed in 130 @entity1 . The median age at operation was 72.9    6.1 years (57-86 years). Emergency operation was performed in 9 @entity1 (6.9 %) and the frozen @entity7105 trunk technique was used in 51 @entity1 (39.2 %). RESULTS: The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.8 %. @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was identified as an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (p = 0.0001). Permanent @entity51 occurred in nine @entity1 (6.9 %). Clot or @entity1856 in the @entity439 (p = 0.01) and the duration of selective cerebral perfusion (p = 0.011) were identified as independent predictors of permanent @entity51 . Long-term survival rates were 82.0 % at 3 years, 70.0 % at 5 years, and 52.4 % at 8 years postoperatively. @entity177 (p = 0.0190), age (p = 0.0147), and permanent @entity51 (p = 0.0048) were identified as independent predictors of long-term mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of permanent @entity51 is crucial for long-term survival after TAR. Older @entity1 with @entity8 may have reduced long-term survival after TAR.

title: Predictors of early and late outcome after total arch replacement for @entity731 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic arch aneurysm']


abstract: The present study investigated changes of gastrointestinal transit in @entity6 by a variant of the @entity3884 exhalation method, which produces reliable estimates of oro-cecal transit times of a lactulose test meal. Relation to metabolic state and small fibre @entity16 was also evaluated. The latter was indexed by Airaksinen's variability score for resting pulse frequency, Ewing's index of respiratory sinus @entity943 , and warm and cold thresholds at the foot. 15 inpatients with verified @entity1723 (nine female, six male) and eleven healthy controls (nine female, two male) were under investigation. Ages ranged from 19 to 47 and 27 to 49 years, respectively. No clearcut signs of @entity2333 or @entity16 were present in @entity1 . HbA1c values were moderately high (means +/- s = 8.2 +/- 1.6). @entity6 @entity1 showed prolonged transit compared to controls (means +/- s = 102.7 +/- 28.2 min, and 79.6 +/- 15.4, resp.; p = 0.02, U-test). Two @entity1 had extremely long transit times, none showed acceleration. However, neither indices of small fibre @entity16 nor metabolic parameters were significantly correlated with transit measures. Prolonged oro-cecal transit, therefore, seems to be due to a specific visceral-autonomic or primary @entity16 , which is still limited to the gastrointestinal system in this stage, and/or metabolic effects.

title: [Studies on orocecal transit in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['enteric neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: 1. The effect of intravenous loading with 500 ml of @entity2827 solution (50 g/l) on plasma @entity916 concentration, plasma @entity1369 concentration, urinary @entity1372 excretion and mean blood pressure was studied in 15 young @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 and 10 healthy normotensive control subjects. 2. Plasma @entity916 concentration and plasma @entity1369 concentration were suppressed to the same degree during loading in both the @entity101 and normotensive groups. Urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly higher in the @entity101 @entity1 than in the normotensive subjects. Mean blood pressure increased slightly in both groups. 3. Plasma @entity916 concentration and plasma @entity1369 concentration were significantly correlated in both groups before @entity1372 loading. The increase in urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly correlated to the suppression of plasma @entity1369 concentration in the @entity101 , but not in the normotensive, group. No correlation was found between changes in urinary @entity1372 excretion and changes in plasma @entity916 concentration or mean blood pressure. 4. The results indicate that the suppressibility of the @entity916 - @entity1369 system by hyperosmotic @entity2827 solution is normal in young @entity1 with mild essential @entity101 . It is suggested that the changes in plasma @entity1369 concentration induced by @entity1372 loading might be involved in the regulation of exaggerated natriuresis in essential @entity101 .

title: The @entity916 - @entity1369 system in exaggerated natriuresis of essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded study on the effect of nerve root blocks on the need for operative treatment of lumbar @entity158 , we found that injections of @entity288 were more effective than @entity1341 for up to thirteen to twenty-eight months. We performed a minimum five-year followup of those @entity1 who had avoided surgery. METHODS: All of the @entity1 were considered to be operative candidates by the treating surgeon, and all had initially requested operative intervention. They had then been randomized to be treated with a selective nerve-root block with either @entity1341 or @entity1341 and @entity5935 . Both the treating physician and the @entity1 were blinded to the type of medication. Of fifty-five randomized @entity1 , twenty-nine avoided an operation in the original study. Twenty-one of those twenty-nine @entity1 were reevaluated with a follow-up questionnaire at a minimum of five years after the initial block. RESULTS: Seventeen of the twenty-one @entity1 still had not had operative intervention. There was no difference between the group treated with @entity1341 alone and the group treated with @entity1341 and @entity5935 with regard to the avoidance of surgery for five years. At the five-year follow-up evaluation, all of the @entity1 who had avoided operative treatment had significant @entity2531 compared with the baseline values. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 with lumbar @entity158 who avoid an operation for at least one year after receiving a nerve root injection with @entity1341 alone or in combination with @entity5935 will continue to avoid operative intervention for a minimum of five years.

title: Nerve root blocks in the treatment of lumbar XXXX . A minimum five-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in neurological symptoms and back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['radicular pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superiority of bilateral versus unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) has been the subject of much debate. This study aimed to compare the two methods of cerebral perfusion. METHODS: Between September 2005 and June 2011, 263 @entity1 (median age 51.4  10.1 years, range, 26 to 75; 200 @entity1 ) underwent open aortic arch reconstruction with hypothermic @entity1167 and bilateral or unilateral ACP. Among them, 231 @entity1 had @entity697 , 12 had subacute @entity1580 , 20 had chronic @entity1580 , 7 had @entity1614 , 8 had reconstruction secondary to endovascular stent graft placement for type B dissection, and 9 had bicuspid aortic valve. Our @entity1 cohort is divided into those protected with hypothermic @entity1167 and bilateral ACP (group A, n=128) and those with hypothermic @entity1167 and unilateral ACP (group B, n=135). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between groups A and B in cardiopulmonary bypass time, cross-clamp time, or cerebral perfusion time. Overall in-hospital mortality was 11.7% for group A and 11.1% for group B (p=0.877). Postoperative temporary and permanent @entity51 was 5.5% versus 6.7% and 12.5% versus 10.4%, respectively (group A versus group B: p=0.685, p=0.587). Intensive care unit time was 9.4  9.8 days for group A and 8.4  14.0 days for group B (p=0.972). Hospitalization was 24.3  14.6 days for group A and 23.1  21.1 days for group B (p=0.172). CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral ACP with hypothermic @entity1167 is a safe cerebral protection technique for open aortic arch reconstruction, and is not inferior to bilateral ACP with hypothermic @entity1167 .

title: Bilateral versus unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion in arch reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['aortic dissection']


abstract: PURPOSE: Concurrent chemotherapy and @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) are used to treat @entity1 with @entity418 . The optimal combination of chemotherapeutic agents with @entity1161 is undefined. We evaluated a combination of @entity416 , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 with @entity1161 in a phase I study. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with @entity957 or @entity420 of the esophagus initially received @entity416 , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 with @entity1161 (1.8 Gy daily to 50.4 Gy). After completion, @entity1 were restaged and evaluated for surgery. Primary endpoints included determination of dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) and a recommended phase II dose, non-DLT, and preliminary radiographic and pathologic response rates. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 were enrolled (10 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ). All were evaluable for @entity137 and efficacy. Two of 3 @entity1 at dose level 1 ( @entity416 825 mg/m(2) twice daily on @entity1161 days, @entity3003 area under the curve (AUC) 2 weekly, @entity1311 60 mg/m(2) weekly) had DLT (both Grade 4 @entity2910 ). Of these 3, 2 underwent esophagectomy and had pathologic complete response (pCR). Ten @entity1 were then enrolled at dose level -1 ( @entity416 600 mg/m(2) twice daily, @entity3003 AUC 1.5, @entity1311 45 mg/m(2)). Overall, 3 of 10 @entity1 at dose level -1 developed DLT (2 Grade 3 @entity2910 , 1 Grade 3 @entity551 ). Esophagectomy was performed in 6 of 10 @entity1 . All @entity1 had pathologic downstaging and 2 of 6 had pCR. CONCLUSIONS: The maximally tolerated/recommended phase II doses were @entity416 600 mg/m(2) twice daily, @entity3003 AUC 1.5 weekly, and @entity1311 45 mg/m(2) weekly with @entity1161 to 50.4 Gy. In our small study, this regimen appears active but is accompanied by significant @entity137 , primarily @entity2910 .

title: A Phase I study of XXXX , @entity3003 , and @entity1311 with external beam @entity1161 for @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: We previously reported that long-term treatment with fish oil (FO) facilitates memory recovery after @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), despite the presence of severe @entity131 . The present study tested whether this antiamnesic effect resulted from an action of FO on behavioral performance itself, or whether it resulted from an anti- @entity63 action. Different treatment regimens were used that were distinguished from each other by their initiation or duration with regard to the onset of @entity2806 and memory assessment. Naive @entity35 were trained in an eight-arm radial maze, subjected to @entity2806 (4-VO model, 15 min), and tested for memory performance up to 6 weeks after @entity2806 . Fish oil ( @entity4600 , 300 mg/kg/day) was given orally according to one of the following regimens: regimen 1 (from 3 days prior to @entity63 until 4 weeks post- @entity63 ), regimen 2 (from 3 days prior to @entity63 until 1 week post- @entity63 ), and regimen 3 (from week 2 to week 5 post- @entity63 ). When administered according to regimens 1 and 2, FO abolished @entity2730 completely. This effect persisted for at least 5 weeks after discontinuing the treatment. Such an effect did not occur, however, in the group treated according to regimen 3. Hippocampal and cortical damage was not alleviated by FO. The present results demonstrate that FO-mediated memory recovery (or preservation) following @entity2806 is a reproducible, robust, and long-lasting effect. Moreover, such an effect was found with a relatively short period of treatment, provided it covered the first days prior to and after @entity63 . This suggests that FO prevented @entity2730 by changing some acute, @entity63 /reperfusion-triggered process and not by stimulating memory performance on its own.

title: Fish oil provides robust and sustained memory recovery after XXXX : influence of treatment regimen.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal damage']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['TGCI', 'transient, global cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: A rare autopsy case of @entity7860 with @entity39 is reported. The @entity1 , a 56-year-old male, died of @entity1576 with massive @entity548 and @entity177 . The autopsy showed @entity548 in both lungs, diffuse crescentic @entity631 , and @entity39 in the small arteries. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated a linear deposition of IgG along the @entity631 ( @entity631 ) as well as the alveolar basement membrane. A granular deposition of C3 was also found along the @entity631 . Electron microscopy showed that the @entity631 was irregularly thickened and wrinkled, but electron-dense deposits were indistinct. Anti- @entity631 antibody activity was detected in the patient's serum and had cross reactivity with normal alveolar basement membrane. The renal eluates contained IgG antibody activity for normal @entity1 @entity631 . These results suggest that @entity631 and @entity548 in the present case were mediated by anti-basement membrane antibodies. We also discussed whether anti-basement membrane antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity39 .

title: Immunopathological studies of an autopsy case with @entity7860 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hemorrhage', 'widespread hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['systemic necrotizing angiitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ["Goodpasture's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glomerular basement membrane', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['systemic necrotizing angiitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with acute @entity4968 are treated as outpatients worldwide. In Oslo, these @entity1 are treated in a physician-led outpatient clinic with limited diagnostic and treatment resources, which reduces both the costs and emergency department overcrowding. We describe the @entity4968 patterns, treatment, mortality, factors associated with hospitalization and follow-up at this @entity341 ( @entity341 , "Oslo Legevakt"), and we evaluate the safety of this current practice. METHODS: All acute @entity4968 in adults (> or = 16 years) treated at the @entity341 during one year (April 2008 to April 2009) were included consecutively in an observational study design. The treating physicians completed a standardized form comprising information needed to address the study's aims. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with hospitalization. RESULTS: There were 2348 contacts for 1856 individuals; 1157 (62%) were male, and the median age was 34 years. The most frequent main toxic agents were @entity1068 (43%), opioids (22%) and CO or fire smoke (10%). The physicians classified 73% as accidental @entity1445 with substances of abuse taken for recreational purposes, 15% as other accidents (self-inflicted or other) and 11% as suicide attempts. Most (91%) @entity1 were treated with observation only. The median observation time until discharge was 3.8 hours. No @entity1 developed sequelae or died at the @entity341 . Seventeen per cent were hospitalized. @entity2932 , @entity1576 , @entity1443 , @entity1662 and suicidal intention were factors associated with hospitalization. Forty-eight per cent were discharged without referral to follow-up. The one-month mortality was 0.6%. Of the nine deaths, five were by new @entity1445 with substances of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: More than twice as many @entity1 were treated at the @entity341 compared with all hospitals in Oslo. Despite more than a doubling of the annual number of poisoned @entity1 treated at the @entity341 since 2003, there was no mortality or sequelae, indicating that the current practice is safe. Thus, most low- to intermediate-acuity @entity4968 can be treated safely without the need to access hospital resources. Although the short-term mortality was low, more follow-up of @entity1 with @entity734 should be encouraged.

title: Outpatient treatment of acute @entity4968 in Oslo: XXXX pattern, factors associated with hospitalization, and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'Emergency Medical Agency']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'accidental overdose']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisonings', 'poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2932 :: ('MESH:C111420', 'Chemical') :: ['Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['reduced consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is a severe @entity74 , characterized by progressive and selective dopaminergic (DAergic) @entity528 . Although current pharmacological treatments are effective in early stages of the disease, with time, most @entity1 fail to respond to medications and develop serious motor complications. Therefore, devising novel and efficacious therapeutics that address not only the symptoms of @entity191 , but also the cause, are of great importance. Unfortunately, many obstacles are associated with current @entity191 research in @entity1 -based systems, which limit the rate of progress. One solution is to investigate mechanisms of @entity191 in model genetic organisms like @entity2199 . In general, striking and profound similarities underlie the basic cellular and molecular processes between the worm and @entity1 . The use of @entity2199 over traditional @entity1 -based systems holds the promise of an enhanced rate of discovery with lower associated costs. Here, we have utilized @entity2199 to screen a variety of compounds, including specific @entity935 (DA), @entity1246 , and @entity143 receptor agonists, as well as antagonists to identify those that protect against @entity2955 -induced DAergic @entity137 . Two DA D2 receptor agonists, @entity2847 and @entity11640 , were found to protect against @entity2955 @entity137 in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, these protective effects appear to involve receptor-independent mechanisms. Given the high degree of conservation of cellular processes between the worm and @entity1 systems, these results are likely relevant and important toward understanding potentially novel mechanisms leading to DAergic neuroprotection in @entity1 systems and, ultimately, new therapeutics for @entity191 .

title: Identification of neuroprotective compounds of @entity2199 dopaminergic neurons against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['debilitating disorder']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron degeneration within the substantia nigra pars compacta']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: This study was performed to examine the role played by the autonomic nervous system in the antiarrhythmic effects of @entity2399 ( @entity4612 ) in a @entity235 model of polymorphic @entity1165 facilitated by @entity42244 and a slower heart rate induced @entity1162 . In 6 experiments, complete @entity713 was created to control the heart rate and @entity1168 at 800- to 1500-ms cycle lengths was applied for 60 sec before and after drug-induced autonomic block. Transmural unipolar electrograms were recorded from multipolar needle electrodes, and activation-recovery intervals (ARI) were measured. Before drug-induced autonomic block, polymorphic @entity1165 developed in all 6 experiments during @entity1168 before but not after the administration of @entity4612 (0.2 ml/kg intravenous bolus). During drug-induced autonomic block, triggered premature activity decreased without significant changes in underlying dispersion of repolarization and polymorphic @entity1165 developed during @entity1168 in 1 experiment. Administration of @entity4612 during drug-induced autonomic block eliminated premature activity and polymorphic @entity1165 during @entity1168 . The distribution of left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular repolarization and dispersion of transmural repolarization were analyzed before and 60 sec after @entity4612 administration during ventricular pacing at 80 bpm. @entity4612 caused a modest shortening of ARI at all sites before and after drug-induced autonomic block. Since ARI shortening was greater at the mid-myocardial sites than at other LV sites, @entity4612 decreased transmural ARI dispersion from 77 +/- 16 to 46 +/- 21 ms before drug-induced autonomic block and from 79 +/- 7 to 51 +/- 16 ms after drug-induced autonomic block. The antiarrhythmic effects of @entity4612 in this model of @entity1162 were attributable to its direct pharmacological properties and not to changes in ambient autonomic nervous activity. The blockade of sympathetic activity decreased the incidence of premature events and partially suppressed polymorphic @entity1165 in this model.

title: Role of autonomic nervous activity in the antiarrhythmic effects of XXXX in a @entity235 model of polymorphic @entity1165 associated with @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity42244 :: ('MESH:C012746', 'Chemical') :: ['anthopleurin-A']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['long QT syndrome', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity2399 :: (MESH:D008278,Chemical) :: ['magnesium sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical treatment for @entity1973 has become an essential tool in maximizing the quality of life in @entity1 with @entity9960 . We present our results comparing results in @entity1 who underwent total continence reconstruction of the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts to @entity1 who underwent a separate or single operation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all @entity1 with @entity9960 at our institution who underwent reconstruction with a cutaneous catheterizable urinary channel or Malone antegrade continence enema. We compared outcomes with regard to surgical revisions of the channel between @entity1 who underwent the construction of each simultaneously, that is total continence reconstruction, to outcomes in those with a single channel or who underwent reconstruction at 2 or more operations. RESULTS: Most of our @entity1 underwent genitourinary and gastrointestinal reconstruction, and few desired surgical intervention for only a single system. We were unable to find any differences in the continence rate or stomal complications. However, @entity1 who underwent staged reconstruction usually had significant secondary reasons for repeat surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical success for urinary and fecal continence can be safely and effectively achieved through single or multiple procedures. However, because of shared pathophysiology, we believe that most @entity1 benefit from intervention in the gastrointestinal and the genitourinary tract. Therefore, a major advantage of total continence reconstruction is avoidance of the morbidity of a second major surgical procedure.

title: Total continence reconstruction: a comparison to staged reconstruction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bowel and bladder']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['myelomeningocele']

answer: @entity1973 :: (MESH:D001750,Disease) :: ['neuropathic bowel and bladder']


abstract: Enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) is a leading cause of @entity294 . Four categories of antigens have been commonly studied: O serogroup, H serogroup, colonization factor antigens ( @entity3795 ), and toxins. A database has been complied from published reports of nearly 1,000 ETEC isolates from 18 locations and analyzed to determine the occurrence, distribution, and associations of O serogroup, H serogroup, @entity3795 , and toxin type. Tables listing the associations of antigens are presented. This analysis documents the widespread nature and variety of ETEC. Even the most common combination of antigens, O6:H16 @entity3795 /II LTST, accounted for only 11% of the ETEC isolates in the database. It was isolated from 12 locations. Many phenotypes occurred only once. @entity3795 detection based on enzyme-linked antibodies with polyclonal sera is suggested as the preferred assay. A combination of @entity3795 and toxin-based antigens is suggested as the most practical vaccine.

title: Occurrence, distribution, and associations of O and H serogroups, colonization factor antigens, and toxins of enterotoxigenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diarrhea worldwide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In view of the increase in the life expectancy of @entity1 and in edentulism of the population above 50 years of age, in which the prevalence of @entity170 is also higher, it is fundamental to better understand the effects of systemic bone mass loss on the healing process of dental implants and to determine the quality of the bone that surrounds them. The objective of the present study was to compare systemic @entity170 (axial and femoral) and parameters of mandibular bone quality, and to evaluate osseointegration in postmenopausal @entity1 receiving dental implants. METHODS: The sample consisted of 39 @entity1 aged 48-70 years, 19 with a densitometric diagnosis of @entity170 in the lumbar spine and femoral neck and 20 controls with a normal densitometric diagnosis. Bone mineral density was measured in the @entity1 and controls by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Eighty-two osseointegrated dental implants were placed in the mandible, 39 of them in the @entity170 group and 43 in the control group. Mandibular bone quality was evaluated by classifying mandibular inferior cortical and trabecular bone on panoramic radiographs and by histomorphometric analysis of a mandibular bone biopsy. Osseointegration was analyzed after 9 months. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed between @entity1 with @entity170 and controls when comparing individuals with a normal cortex and those with a severely or moderately eroded cortex determined on panoramic radiographs, although @entity1 with @entity17469 /SEC had lower femoral neck BMD than those with NC (0.688 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.814+/- 0.144 g/cm2, P<0.012). Histomorphometric analysis also revealed no difference in the parameters of bone formation or resorption between the two groups. Implant failure was observed in only one case. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is an association between low femoral neck BMD and poor mandibular bone quality as assessed by panoramic radiography. The loss of one implant (1.2%) is compatible with the literature and cannot be attributed to systemic @entity170 .

title: Comparative study of axial and femoral bone mineral density and parameters of mandibular bone quality in XXXX receiving dental implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Previous neuroimaging reports described morphological and functional abnormalities in @entity550 ( @entity550 ) in @entity161 and @entity1316 . In earlier neuropathological studies, microvascular changes that could affect brain perfusion in these disorders have rarely been studied. Here, we analysed morphological parameters of capillaries in this area in elderly cases affected by these @entity146 . METHODS: We analysed microvessel diameters in the dorsal and subgenual parts of the @entity550 in eight @entity1 with @entity161 , 10 @entity1 with @entity162 , eight @entity1 with @entity308 , and seven age- and gender-matched control cases on sections stained with modified Gallyas @entity575 impregnation using a stereological counting approach. All individuals were drug-na  ve or had received psychotropic medication for less than 6 months, and had no history of @entity734 . Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis group comparisons with Bonferroni correction as well as multivariate regression models. RESULTS: Mean capillary diameter was significantly decreased in the dorsal and subgenual parts of areas 24 in @entity162 cases, both in layers III and V, whereas @entity161 @entity1 were comparable with controls. These differences persisted when controlling for age, local neuronal densities, and cortical thickness. In addition, cortical thickness was significantly smaller in both layers in @entity161 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that capillary diameters in @entity162 but not in @entity161 are reduced in @entity550 . The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of the cytoarchitecture, brain metabolism and perfusion changes observed in @entity550 in @entity1316 .

title: Microvascular changes in late-life @entity161 and XXXX : stereological assessment of capillary diameters in @entity550 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic bipolar disorder', 'bipolar and unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic major depression']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'anterior cingulate cortex']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity1316 :: (MESH:D019964,Disease) :: ['mood disorders']


abstract: Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), a ubiquitin @entity1473 -terminal hydrolase initially considered specific for neural and neuroendocrine tissues, is expressed in a variety of epithelial and @entity361 . During immunohistochemical evaluation of a cutaneous epitheliotropic @entity784 ( @entity4888 [ @entity4888 ]) in a @entity235 , strong reactivity for PGP 9.5 was observed. This unexpected result prompted us to examine PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity in 13 additional cases of @entity235 @entity4888 . All @entity5 were confirmed as T-cell epitheliotropic lymphoma by histopathology and immunohistochemistry for CD3. Eight of 14 cases were positive for PGP 9.5, with reactivity mainly in the cytoplasm and less commonly in the nucleus. One case had strong reactivity in the cell membrane, sometimes with concurrent paranuclear staining. Immunoreactivity did not correlate with location (epidermal, dermal, and adnexal) of @entity5 cells. Disease outcome did not vary between PGP 9.5-positive and negative @entity5 . Although PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity in @entity4888 did not predict @entity5 behavior in these @entity235 , it has had prognostic value in certain @entity1 @entity189 . This unexpected staining of lymphocytes in @entity4888 with an antibody to PGP 9.5 demonstrates its presence in nonneuroendocrine @entity5 and precludes its use as the sole diagnostic marker in @entity5 in the skin.

title: Immunohistochemical detection of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) in @entity235 epitheliotropic @entity784 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'discrete cell tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: 1. Sixteen @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 and @entity1224 were given radioactive @entity1568 ( @entity36882 ) by intravenous injection and by inhalation, while breathing air and after 10-20 min breathing 30% @entity26 . The clearance of @entity36882 from four zones of each @entity1 's whole lung field was monitored. 2. The @entity36882 clearance of each region in these @entity1 with chronic @entity3617 was much slower than in normal subjects. @entity26 breathing produced a significant delay in the clearance of intravenously administered @entity36882 in 23 zones in 10 @entity1 but no systematic change in clearance after inhaled @entity36882 . 3. With inhalation of 30% @entity26 there was no no significant change in the mean minute ventilation, tidal volume or arterial PCO2. 4. The results suggest that local @entity519 vasoconstriction is present in some @entity1 on breathing air and that this is relieved by 30% @entity26 , resulting in a diversion of local blood flow from well-ventilated to more poorly ventilated areas. The fall in VA/Q on 30% @entity26 is insufficient to increase arterial PCO2.

title: Effect of 30% @entity26 on local matching of perfusion and ventilation in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airways obstruction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prescription opioids (PO) addiction is increasing to an epidemic level. Few studies exist regarding its treatment. Although @entity4783 has been the mainstay so far, other treatment options might be considered, such as @entity284 . We conducted a retrospective assessment of all @entity1 admitted to a psychiatry ward for PO detoxification using @entity284 between 2010 and 2013. The assessment and description was carried out during a 3-month follow-up period after their discharge. Although this is a retrospective chart review, our exploration included sociodemographic and treatment variables in addition to the abstinence rates for the whole sample. Eleven @entity1 were included, mostly @entity1 (81.8%), with a median age of 50 years. The median duration of @entity734 was 8 years. @entity734 on other substances and @entity146 comorbidities were high. Eight @entity1 were monitored during three months. Of these, 7 (87.5%) were abstinent after that period. The results suggest that @entity284 deserves further exploration as a potentially efficacious treatment option for PO @entity734 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of Prescription Opioids @entity734 . A retrospective chart review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['Methadone']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity169 , many complications are due to mesh fixation technique. Therefore, new types of atraumatic methods of fixation have been proposed. In this article, we present the results of a prospective multicentric parallel randomized controlled trial aiming to compare two mesh fixation techniques: fibrin sealant (QUIXIL(  ), Omrix Biopharmaceuticals S.A., Belgium) and Lichtenstein technique. METHOD: Adult @entity1 with primary uncomplicated inguinal @entity547 were randomized in two groups: fibrin sealant group (FSG) and Lichtenstein group (LTG). The two groups underwent a follow-up of 15 months. Operative time is the primary outcome. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Moreover, a differential cost analysis was performed. @entity1 and evaluators (with exception of the surgeon who treated the @entity1 ) were blinded. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 , 50 in FSG and 52 in LTG, were enrolled from January 2009 to June 2010, and two @entity1 were lost to follow-up at the twelfth month. No significant differences in baseline and clinical characteristics were observed in the two groups. Operative time was longer in LTG (median/ interquartile range: 35 min/30-42.5 min vs. 31 min/28-35 min; effect size: 0.65/95% CI 0.50-0.91; p < 0.05). No differences in intraoperative complications were observed. No significant differences were observed in early complication rate (RR = 0.62; p > 0.05). @entity1183 rate was lower in the FSG at 1 week (RR = 0.43; p < 0.01) and at 1 month (RR = 0.17; p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed after 6 months. @entity282 was lower in the FSG at 1 week (0/0-1 vs. 1/0-2; p < 0.05) and at 1 month (0/0-0 vs. 0/0-1; p < 0.05). @entity158 disappeared in all @entity1 after 6 months. Analgesic assumption rate was lower in the FSG (RR = 0.42; p < 0.05). Twenty per cent of FSG and 9.62% of LTG @entity1 were discharged within 12 h; 78% of FSG and 90.38% of LTG @entity1 were discharged within 24 h. The only one recurrence we observed was in FSG group. About costs, although fibrin sealant needed for one mesh fixation is about 10 times more costly than the needed sutures, the total costs of the two procedures did not change significantly. This was mainly due to reduction in operative time. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fibrin sealant determined a significant reduction in short-term numbness rate and @entity282 . There was no relevant difference in total costs per @entity1 between the two procedures.

title: Beneficial effects of fibrin glue (Quixil) versus Lichtenstein conventional technique in XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avoiding a permanent stoma following @entity5 excision is believed to improve quality of life (QoL), but evidence from comparative studies is contradictory. The aim of this study was to compare QoL following abdominoperineal excision of rectum (APER) with that after @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: A literature search was performed to identify studies published between 1966 and 2006 comparing values of QoL following APER and @entity1347 . Random-effect meta-analysis was used to combine the data. Sensitivity analyses were performed for larger studies, those of higher quality and those using self-administered QoL questionnaires. RESULTS: The outcomes for 1,443 @entity1 from 11 studies, of whom 486 (33%) underwent APER, were included. QoL assessments were made at periods of up to 2 years following surgery. There was no significant difference in global health scores between APER and @entity1347 . Vitality (WMD -9.82; 95% CI -27.01, -2.04, P = 0.01) and sexual function (WMD -2.73; 95% CI -4.93, -0.64, P = 0.01) were improved in the @entity1347 @entity1 . @entity1 with low @entity1347 had improved physical function scores in comparison with APER @entity1 (WMD -4.67; 95% CI -9.10, -0.23; P = 0.004). Cognitive (WMD 3.57; 95% CI 1.41, 5.73; P < 0.001) and emotional function scores (WMD 3.51; 95% CI 1.40, 5.62; P < 0.001) were higher for APER @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Overall, when comparing APER with @entity1347 , we identified no differences in general QoL following the procedures. Individualisation of care for @entity5 @entity1 is essential, but a policy of avoidance of APER cannot currently be justified on the grounds of QoL alone.

title: A meta-analysis of quality of life for abdominoperineal excision of rectum versus XXXX for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'anterior resection']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior resection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) outcomes for @entity102 ( @entity102 ) between medical centers to determine if differences in quality-of-life outcomes were detectable. In addition, we sought to identify significant, independent cofactors toward the development of an ESS-specific risk-adjustment model so that ESS outcomes may be appropriately compared between institutions and healthcare providers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort. METHODS: Study @entity1 electing ESS for @entity102 were enrolled and randomly selected in equal numbers from three academic clinical practices in North America between April 2011 and May 2015. The magnitude of average 6-month postoperative improvement in @entity1 -related outcome measures (PROMs) was compared between enrollment sites using multivariate linear regression modeling. RESULTS: A total of 228 @entity1 met inclusion criteria and were included for final analyses (n = 76 per site). The prevalence of septal deviation/septoplasty and oral @entity228 -dependent conditions was significantly different between enrollment sites (P <=  0.004). Each enrollment site generated significant within-subject improvement across all PROMs after ESS (P < 0.001); however, average unadjusted magnitudes of improvement were significantly different between sites for the primary outcome measure. After controlling for baseline PROMs, septal deviation, @entity479 -dependent conditions, and medication use variables, enrollment site was no longer associated with significant outcome differences (P = 0.535). CONCLUSION: Comparison of surgeon outcomes of ESS is feasible and must take into account a number of baseline @entity1 characteristics. Further studies will be critical toward developing an ESS-specific risk-adjustment model and enabling a robust comparison of surgeon outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c. Laryngoscope, 127:14-21, 2017.

title: Comparing surgeon outcomes in endoscopic sinus surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']


abstract: Sixty-two @entity1 (sixty-eight shoulders) who had been treated non-operatively for @entity2585 were evaluated subjectively and objectively at two years and two months to eleven years and nine months of follow-up (average, seven years). Thirty-one (50 per cent) of these @entity1 still had either mild @entity158 or stiffness of the shoulder, or both. The range of motion averaged 161 degrees of forward flexion, 157 degrees of forward elevation, 149 degrees of abduction, 65 degrees of external rotation, and internal rotation to the level of the fifth thoracic spinous process. Thirty-seven (60 per cent) of the sixty-two @entity1 still demonstrated some restriction of motion as compared with study-generated control values (calculated as the average motion, in each plane, for the thirty-seven unaffected shoulders of the @entity1 who had unilateral disease). Ten @entity1 had restriction of forward flexion; eight, of forward elevation; seventeen, of abduction; twenty-nine, of external rotation; and ten, of internal rotation. However, when the motion of each affected shoulder of thirty-seven @entity1 who had unilateral involvement was compared with that of the unaffected contralateral shoulder, eleven (30 per cent) demonstrated some restriction. None of these @entity1 had restriction of forward flexion; two had restriction of forward elevation; two, of abduction; seven, of external rotation; and seven, of internal rotation. The @entity1 who had substantial restriction in three planes or more were thirteen times more likely to be @entity1 (p greater than 0.05). Marked restriction, when it was present, was most commonly in external rotation. Only seven @entity1 (11 per cent) reported mild functional limitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic frozen shoulder']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['Frozen shoulder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity632 ( @entity3105 ), one of the most used chemotherapeutic agents, is known to generate oxidative stress and block DNA synthesis, which result in severe dose-limiting @entity137 . A strategy to protect against @entity3105 toxic effects could be to use dietary antioxidants of which fruits and vegetable are a rich source. In this context, strawberry consumption is associated with the maintenance of good health and the prevention of several diseases, thanks to the antioxidant capacities of its bioactive compounds. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of strawberry consumption against oxidative stress induced by @entity3105 in @entity35 . Animals were fed with strawberry enriched diet (15% of the total calories) for two months and @entity3105 (10  mg/kg; i.p.) was injected at the end of the experimental period. Strawberry consumption significantly inhibited ROS production and oxidative damage biomarkers accumulation in plasma and liver tissue and alleviated histopathological changes in @entity35 livers treated with @entity3105 . The reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities was significantly mitigated after strawberry consumption. In addition, strawberry enriched diet ameliorated liver mitochondrial antioxidant levels and functionality. In conclusion, strawberry intake protects against @entity3105 -induced @entity137 , at plasma, liver and mitochondrial levels thanks to its high contents of bioactive compounds.

title: Strawberry consumption alleviates @entity632 -induced XXXX by suppressing oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gender-related affecting factors of @entity5710 on its 10-year outcome, in a longitudinal study. METHODS AND RESULTS: This longitudinal population-based study was performed in the Ping Liang community, Yangpu district, Shanghai, between November 2002 and October 2014. There were 334 @entity1 with @entity5710 enrolled in the final analysis. While a certain proportion of the prediabetic population progress to @entity6 , the majority remain at the same level or even revert to normal @entity413 regulation. No gender difference was observed in the change of @entity413 regulation. However, results from an adjusted logistic regression analysis in males showed that physical activity was significantly associated with both elevated odds of reverting to normal @entity413 regulation (active vs inactive, OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.09 to 8.30) and developing @entity6 (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.92). Age, baseline 2   h @entity413 , @entity1674 and smoking status were also risk factors significantly associated with @entity6 development; while for females, waist circumference played a key role in the outcome. Every unit elevation of waist circumference was associated with lower odds of reverting to normal @entity413 regulation (OR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98) and higher odds of progressing to @entity6 (OR, 1.05; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.10). Baseline @entity101 and family history of @entity6 carried higher risk for developing @entity6 as well. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity in males and waist circumference in females are important factors predicting both progression to @entity6 and regression to normal @entity413 regulation, indicating that more exercise for males and lower waist circumference for females are beneficial for @entity5710 to achieve reversion.

title: Gender-related affecting factors of XXXX on its 10-year outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5710 :: (MESH:D011236,Disease) :: ['prediabetes']


abstract: A 59-year-old @entity1 (case 1) with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) presented with @entity1353 . He had been treated using interferon b-1b ( @entity2391 -1b) since he was 51 years of age. Laboratory test results showed @entity9427 and @entity4988 , @entity644 , and absence of @entity811 . He was diagnosed with @entity1985 , and the administration of @entity2391 -1b was stopped. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed, and the histology revealed @entity8 . A 33-year-old @entity1 (case 2) with @entity15 , who had been treated using @entity2391 -1b for 7 years, was diagnosed with @entity644 during a medical checkup. She was referred to a nephrologist and was found to have @entity4988 and @entity644 . A diagnosis of @entity1985 was made, and @entity2391 -1b therapy was stopped. The @entity1 underwent percutaneous renal biopsy, and the histology revealed @entity8 . Both @entity1 were treated using intravenous @entity1667 followed by oral @entity617 . Case 1 was administered @entity205 orally, and his clinical symptoms and laboratory test results improved at first, but his laboratory test results subsequently showed recurrence of @entity644 . Case 2 was administered mizoribine orally, resulting in improvement in clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. Case 2 showed relapse of @entity15 , but the symptoms were mild and were alleviated after @entity134 therapy. @entity2391 therapy has several complications including @entity8 . Previously, several cases of @entity1985 associated with @entity2391 within 2 years of therapy were reported, but drug-induced @entity8 could appear after several years of the therapy as our cases. We should pay attention to @entity1985 under using long-term @entity2391 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity15 @entity1 who had undergone long-term interferon b-1b therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath and general fatigue']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The precise temperature for optimal neuroprotection in @entity1 with @entity75 is unclear. Our aim was to assess systemic effects of whole-body cooling to 35   C, 33.5   C, and 30   C in a piglet model of perinatal @entity1763 . METHODS: Twenty-eight anesthetized male piglets aged <24 h underwent @entity519 - @entity63 (HI) and were randomized to normothermia or cooling to rectal temperature (Trec) 35   C, 33.5   C, or 30   C during 2-26 h after insult (n = 7 in each group). HR, MABP, and Trec were recorded continuously. RESULTS: Five animals cooled to 30   C had fatal @entity1167 . During 30   C cooling, heart rate (HR) was lower vs. normothermia (P < 0.001). Although mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) did not vary between groups, more fluid boluses were needed at 30   C than at normothermia (P < 0.02); @entity935 use was higher at 30   C than at normothermia or 35   C (P = 0.005 and P = 0.02, respectively). Base deficit was increased at 30   C at 12, 24, and 36 h vs. all other groups (P < 0.05), pH was acidotic at 36 h vs. normothermia (P = 0.04), and blood @entity413 was higher for the 30   C group at 12 h vs. the normothermia and 35   C groups (P < 0.05). @entity972 was lower at 12 h in the 30   C group vs. the 33.5   C and 35   C groups. There was no difference in @entity701 level between groups. DISCUSSION: Cooling to 30   C led to metabolic derangement and more @entity1167 and @entity204 than cooling to 33.5   C or 35   C. Inadvertent overcooling should be avoided.

title: Systemic effects of whole-body cooling to 35    C, 33.5    C, and 30    C in a piglet model of perinatal XXXX : implications for therapeutic hypothermia.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrests']

answer: @entity1763 :: (MESH:D001237,Disease) :: ['asphyxia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: to study the prognostic value of mutations in @entity2467 or @entity675 in @entity674 ( @entity674 ) managed in our department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: forty five @entity1 with localized @entity674 underwent surgery between 1998 and 2010. Thirty six @entity1 were enrolled in a retrospective study. DNA was isolated from 3 to 5   m sections of fixed and @entity982 -embedded tissue. Exon 9, 11, 13 and 17 of @entity2467 gene and exon 12 and 18 of @entity675 were amplified by PCR and sequenced. RESULTS: @entity5 with mutations were larger at the surgery and showed higher mitotic count (p < 0.05). The mutations were found in 22 @entity1 (61.2%), 18 had mutations in exon 11 of @entity2467 gene. @entity675 mutations were located in exon 12. The 5-years relapsefree survival rate for @entity1 with @entity5 having mutations was 38% and 100% for @entity1 without mutations (p < 0.01). The 5-year survival rate was significantly worse for @entity1 with mutations (20 vs. 97%, p < 0.01), with @entity5 larger than 5 cm (28 vs. 97%, p < 0.01) and with > 50 mitosis/HPF (42 vs. 88%, p < 0.03). Multivariate analyses indicated that the mutations, mitotic counts, and @entity5 size were independent prognostic factors for survival in @entity1 with localized @entity674 . CONCLUSIONS: in this series, having a detected mutation is a poor prognostic factor with significantly increased recurrence rate and shortens survival.

title: Results on prognostic value of mutations in localized XXXX ( @entity674 ) in one single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: Known as a uniquely regenerative tissue, the liver shows a remarkable capacity to heal without scarring after many types of @entity131 . In contrast, during @entity409 , the liver responds with @entity82 , which can progress to @entity82 and @entity1578 . The cause of this shift from a nonfibrotic to a fibrotic response is unknown. We hypothesized that @entity130 is a key event that prevents restoration of normal liver architecture. To test this, we developed a model of @entity130 using a surgical incision through the normal liver in adult and neonatal @entity19 . This injury produces minimal cell death but locally complete stromal (extracellular matrix) disruption. The adult liver responds with @entity32 and stellate cell activation, culminating in @entity82 characterized by collagen deposition. This sequence of events is remarkably similar to the fibrotic response leading to @entity82 . Studies in neonates reveal a similar fibrotic response to a @entity130 . These findings suggest that extracellular matrix disruption leads not to regeneration but rather to scar, similar to other @entity1 organs. These findings may shed light on the pathogenesis of @entity409 , and suggest therapeutic strategies.

title: Scar formation and lack of regeneration in adult and neonatal liver after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['acute injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['ultimately liver failure']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['stromal injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['stromal injury']


abstract: Long-term marrow cultures (LTMC) allow the proliferation and differentiation of primitive @entity1 hematopoietic progenitor cells to be maintained for many weeks in the absence of exogenously provided hematopoietic growth factors. Previous investigations focused on defining various types of cells that are present in this culture system and on measuring the cycling behavior of the different subpopulations of colony-forming cells maintained within it. These studies suggested that mesenchymal stromal elements derived from the input marrow play a key role in regulating the turnover of the most primitive, high-proliferative potential erythroid and granulopoietic colony-forming cells that are found almost exclusively in the adherent layer of LTMC. In this study we show that the re-entry into S-phase of these primitive hematopoietic progenitors that occurs after each weekly medium change is due to an as yet undefined constituent of horse serum, which is absent from fetal calf serum. However, this effect is not unique to the factor present in horse serum. It is also elicited by the addition to LTMC of several well-defined growth regulatory molecules, ie, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1 ( @entity1192 ), @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), and @entity1199 . None of these was able to stimulate hematopoietic colony-forming cells in methylcellulose assays, although all have known actions on mesenchymal cells including, in some cases, the ability to increase production of growth factors that can stimulate primitive high-proliferative potential hematopoietic progenitors in clonogenic assays. Interestingly, a stimulating effect was not obtained after addition of endotoxin to LTMC. @entity2533 , a direct-acting negative regulator that acts selectively on primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells if added to LTMC simultaneously with new medium or @entity1192 , blocked their stimulating activity. These results suggest a model in which indirect, local modulation of both positive and negative regulatory factors via effects on mesenchymal elements determines the rate of turnover of adjacent populations of very primitive hematopoietic cells that are normally maintained in a quiescent state in vivo.

title: Mechanisms that regulate the cell cycle status of very primitive hematopoietic cells in long-term @entity1 marrow cultures. I. Stimulatory role of a variety of mesenchymal cell activators and inhibitory role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['TGF-beta']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have suggested the involvement of the pineal gland and its main hormone @entity2493 (MLT) in the pathogenesis of @entity146 disturbances, namely the @entity308 . In contrast, the behavior of MLT secretion in @entity161 is still controversial. MATERIAL _ METHODS: The present study was carried out to analyze light/dark rhythm of MLT secretion in relation to that of @entity701 and @entity4090 (PRL) in @entity161 @entity1 . The study included 13 @entity161 @entity1 , 8 of whom were untreated, while the other 5 @entity1 were on neuroleptic therapy. Serum levels of MLT, PRL and @entity701 were measured by RIA on venous blood samples collected at 8 A.M., 12 A.M., 8 P.M. and 1 A.M. The control group consisted of 20 age-matched healthy subjects. RESULTS: A physiological nocturnal increase in MLT levels occurred in 6/13 @entity1 , whereas the other 7 @entity1 showed an abnormally low MLT peak during the night. Moreover, both light and night mean levels of MLT were significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls. In addition, mean nocturnal levels of MLT were significantly lower in chronic @entity1 than in those evaluated at the onset of disease. @entity701 rhythm was normal in 11/13 @entity1 , whereas PRL levels were abnormally high in 10/13 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study would suggest that @entity161 may be associated with a diminished secretion of MLT from the pineal gland, and @entity979 would be more evident in the @entity102 . Finally, pineal alterations have appeared to be associated with an altered secretion of PRL and @entity701 , by suggesting that the @entity161 may be characterized by marked @entity132 , whose physio-pathological and prognostic significance needs to be established by successive clinical investigations.

title: A study of light/dark rhythm of XXXX in relation to @entity701 and @entity4090 secretion in @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive syndrome']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity979 :: ('MESH:D010871', 'Disease') :: ['pineal deficiency']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'schizophrenic disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: 1. @entity1928 (FORS) (0.03 to 10 microM) caused a concentration-dependent rightward shifts of the dose-response curves to @entity3282 in the isolated K+-depolarized @entity35 uterus, with apparent, pA2 value of 8.3, but the slope was different from unity (0.55). 2. In presence of @entity9898 (10 and 100 nM), the pA2 values for FORS against @entity3282 contractions were reduced in a concentration-dependent manner and increased the slopes of Schild plots to values no longer different from unity. 3. In presence of low @entity141 concentration (0.22 nM), the potency of FORS in antagonizing @entity3282 contractions was reduced in about 2-fold. 4. FORS (0.3-3 microM) caused a dose- and time-dependent relaxation of sustained contraction induced by @entity3282 (0.5 mM). 5. FORS (0.3 microM) like @entity594 (NIF, 30 pM) caused a concentration-dependent displacement to the right of the dose-response curve to @entity9898 (0.1-100 nM) in K+-depolarized preparations. 6. Higher concentration of both FORS (1 and 3 microM) and NIF (0.01 and 0.03 nM) also reduced the maximal response of @entity9898 . 7. Both drugs caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of uterine muscle contracted by @entity9898 (100 nM) and K+ (80 nM), but neither FORS nor NIF discriminated the two types of contraction.

title: Interactions between XXXX , calcium and @entity9898 in K+-depolarized @entity35 uterine muscle.

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['Forskolin']

answer: @entity1928 :: (MESH:D005576,Chemical) :: ['forskolin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 is associated with impaired inhibitory control of spinal dorsal horn neurons, which are involved in processing @entity158 signals. The metabotropic GABAB receptor is an important component of the inhibitory system and is highly expressed in primary nociceptors and intrinsic dorsal horn neurons to control their excitability. Activation of GABAB receptors with the orthosteric agonist @entity1772 effectively reliefs @entity9 but is associated with severe side effects that prevent its widespread application. The recently developed positive allosteric GABAB receptor modulators lack most of these side effects and are therefore promising drugs for the treatment of @entity158 . Here we tested the high affinity positive allosteric modulator @entity38358 for its ability to relief @entity9 induced by chronic @entity1930 in @entity19 . @entity38358 significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in healthy @entity19 , indicating an endogenous GABABergic tone regulating the sensitivity to mechanical stimuli. Surprisingly, @entity38358 displayed no analgesic activity in neuropathic @entity19 although GABAB receptor expression was not affected in the dorsal horn as shown by quantitative receptor autoradiography. However, activation of spinal GABAB receptors by intrathecal injection of @entity1772 reduced @entity1931 and its analgesic effect was considerably potentiated by co-application of @entity38358 . These results indicate that under conditions of @entity9 the GABAergic tone is too low to provide a basis for allosteric modulation of GABAB receptors. However, allosteric modulators would be well suited as an add-on to reduce the dose of @entity1772 required to achieve @entity1337 .

title: The positive allosteric GABAB receptor modulator @entity38358 enhances @entity1772 -mediated XXXX in neuropathic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'Neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['constriction of the sciatic nerve']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is limited information about the prevalence of recreational drug use over the postsecondary experience in Scotland. The purpose of this study was to investigate the patterns of @entity167 , @entity286 and marijuana use in postsecondary helping-profession students (medical, nursing, education and psychology) in Scotland in regards to gender, age and course of study. METHOD: The Queensland @entity167 and Drug Study Questionnaire was completed by students enrolled in helping-profession courses from 22 departments at universities and colleges in five Scottish cities. The sample consisted of 717 male and 2,537 female students. RESULTS: A slightly (p < .05) higher percent of @entity1 (92.7%) consumed @entity167 compared to @entity1 (90%), but @entity1 consumed significantly (p < .001) more drinks per week (26.7) compared to @entity1 (17.3). There was no difference between the two groups when U.K. recommendations of maximum limits for each gender were considered. About 50% of @entity1 and @entity1 consumed over 21 drinks and 14 drinks per week, respectively. A higher (p < .05) percent of @entity1 (42.5%) smoked compared to @entity1 (36.9%) and a higher (p < .001) percent of @entity1 (40.1%) consumed marijuana compared to @entity1 (24.1%). There was no difference in the quantity of @entity286 consumed. For both @entity1 and @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity167 and marijuana was highest 2 or 3 years before the maximum use of @entity286 (students over 24 years of age). Male and female psychology students consumed the most marijuana. Psychology students, together with nursing students, also consumed the most @entity286 . CONCLUSIONS: In view of the increasing prevalence of @entity286 over the university experience, especially among nursing and psychology students, and heavier @entity167 consumption among younger students, health education programs for Scottish postsecondary helping-profession students should expand from the recently introduced school programs.

title: Correlates of XXXX , @entity286 and marijuana use among Scottish postsecondary helping-profession students.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity1352 ( @entity1352 ) is a @entity8650 harboring chromosomal translocation t(X; 18)(p11.2; q11.2), which produces @entity1352 -specific fusion gene, @entity36492 -SSX. Although precise function of @entity36492 -SSX remains to be investigated, accumulating evidences suggest its role in gene regulation via epigenetic mechanisms, and the product of @entity36492 -SSX target genes may serve as biomarkers of @entity1352 . Lack of knowledge about the cell-of-origin of @entity1352 , however, has placed obstacle in the way of target identification. Here we report a novel approach to identify @entity36492 - @entity24984 target genes using @entity1 pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) containing a @entity3403 -inducible @entity36492 - @entity24984 gene. @entity36492 - @entity24984 was efficiently induced both at mRNA and protein levels within three hours after doxycycline administration, while no morphological change of hPSCs was observed until 24h. Serial microarray analyses identified genes of which the expression level changed more than twofold within 24h. Surprisingly, the majority (297/312, 95.2%) were up-regulated genes and a result inconsistent with the current concept of @entity36492 -SSX as a transcriptional repressor. Comparing these genes with @entity1352 -related genes which were selected by a series of in silico analyses, 49 and 2 genes were finally identified as candidates of up- and down-regulated target of @entity36492 -SSX, respectively. Association of these genes with @entity36492 -SSX in @entity1352 cells was confirmed by knockdown experiments. Expression profiles of @entity1352 -related genes in hPSCs and @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were strikingly different in response to the induction of @entity36492 -SSX, and more than half of @entity36492 -SSX target genes in hPSCs were not induced in hMSCs. These results suggest the importance of cellular context for correct understanding of @entity36492 -SSX function, and demonstrated how our new system will help to overcome this issue.

title: Identification of target genes of @entity1352 -associated fusion oncoprotein using XXXX pluripotent stem cells.

entities_list: @entity8650 :: ('MESH:D012983', 'Disease') :: ['malignant soft tissue tumor']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Synovial sarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Little information is available on the cost-effectiveness of postoperative @entity1 -controlled analgesia ( @entity4901 ). The present study compared @entity4901 to continuous infusion by elastomeric pump. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty ASA 1 or 2 @entity1 undergoing major gynecologic surgery were enrolled for a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and costs derived from intravenous @entity4901 with @entity10964 and @entity1340 compared to continuous infusion of the same analgesic solution by elastomeric pump in the 48 hours following surgery. @entity1 satisfaction and side effects were also recorded. RESULTS: The analgesic effectiveness and side effects of the 2 regimens were similar, although 61% of @entity1 in the elastomeric pump group needed @entity1286 for rescue analgesia compared to 33% in the @entity4901 group (P < .05). In the @entity4901 group, 81% of the @entity1 said they would repeat the analgesic treatment compared to only 56% in the elastomeric pump group (P = .05). The mean number of nursing interventions was 16 for the @entity4901 group and 19 for the elastomeric pump group. The mean cost of the treatment (not including the @entity4901 pump, provided by the manufacturer) was @entity7634 41.35 for the @entity4901 group and @entity7634 56.22 for the elastomeric pump group. CONCLUSIONS: The analgesic efficacy of the 2 regimens was similar. However, @entity1 satisfaction was greater with @entity4901 and use of an elastomeric pump was more expensive. In the setting of the present study, postoperative @entity4901 proved to be more advantageous than continuous elastomeric pump infusion.

title: [Cost-effectiveness analysis of @entity1 -controlled analgesia compared to continuous elastomeric pump infusion of XXXX and @entity10964 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizole']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1340 :: (MESH:D014147,Chemical) :: ['tramadol']


abstract: @entity1707 weighing 80 to 85 kg were fed a basal @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diet plus a mixture of @entity12039 and @entity2388 (3:1) ( @entity38398 ) or @entity10806 (control), a @entity413 polymer, as 3.85% of calories (4% of the diet). Twenty-four @entity1707 were pair-fed the @entity38398 mixture or control diet for 28 d in litter-mate pairs of the same sex. Weight gain and feed consumption were recorded and carcasses were evaluated for fat and muscle accretion. The right rear leg and rear one-third of the right loin were skinned, deboned, ground and analyzed for protein, fat, moisture and ash content. Average backfat depth and backfat depth at the first, last and 10th rib were reduced by 12, 15, 14 and 12% (P less than .01), respectively, in @entity38398 -fed @entity1707 . Loin eye area and untrimmed lean cuts were not altered by diet, but percentage trimmed lean cuts was higher (P less than .02) in @entity38398 -fed @entity1707 (57.6 vs 55.3%). Leg and loin tissue samples from @entity1707 fed the @entity38398 mixture had a lower (P less than .01) percentage of fat and a corresponding increased (P less than .01) percentage of protein. Organ weights and the blood biochemical profile were not altered by @entity38398 feeding. Liver function tests were not altered in animals consuming the trioses, except for an 18% decrease (P less than .05) in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase. Ingestion of @entity12039 and @entity2388 will reduce body fat in limit-fed @entity1707 without reducing muscle protein deposition.

title: Reduction of carcass fat in XXXX with dietary addition of @entity12039 and @entity2388 .

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']