abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is an important marker of health and has a prevalence of 12-13% in the U.S. @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are a group of organic contaminants that form during the incomplete combustion of @entity9436 , such as coal, diesel and @entity18683 . Studies suggest that exposure to @entity2556 during pregnancy is related to adverse birth outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between exposure to @entity2556 during the pregnancy and @entity600 . METHODS: The study population included births from years 2001 to  2006 of @entity1 whose maternal residence was within 20km of the primary monitoring site in Fresno, California. Data in the Fresno area were used to form a spatio-temporal model to assign daily exposure to @entity2556 with 4, 5, or 6 rings at the maternal residence throughout pregnancy of all of the births in the study area. Gestational age at birth and relevant covariates were extracted from the birth certificate. RESULTS: We found an association between @entity2556 during the last 6 weeks of pregnancy and birth at 20-27 weeks (OR=2.74; 95% CI: 2.24-3.34) comparing the highest quartile to the lower three. The association was consistent when each quartile was compared to the lowest (OR2nd=1.49, 95% CI: 1.08-2.06; OR3rd=2.63, 95% CI:1.93-3.59; OR4th=3.94, 95% CI:3.03-5.12). Inverse associations were also observed for exposure to @entity2556 during the entire pregnancy and the first trimester and birth at 28-31 weeks and 20-27 weeks. CONCLUSION: An association between @entity2556 exposure during the 6 weeks before delivery and early @entity600 was observed. However, the inverse association with early @entity600 offers an unclear, and potentially complex, inference of these associations.

title: Exposure to airborne @entity2555 during pregnancy and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determining sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in @entity0 staging involves subjective interpretation by the surgeon. We hypothesized @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics influence number of SLNs harvested. METHODS: A single-institution, prospectively collected database was queried for @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity4298 surgery (2002-2013) and mean @entity4298 counts were compared. RESULTS: There were 2394 @entity4298 biopsies. Mean number of SLNs per @entity1 for the entire cohort was 2.6. Mean number of SLNs removed was greater for @entity1  <=50 years (2.9 versus 2.6; p  <  0.0001). Fewer SLNs were removed with @entity5  <=1  cm (2.5 versus 2.6; p  =  0.002). @entity1 with grades 2 or 3 @entity5 had more SLNs removed than grade 1 (2.6 versus 2.5; p  =  0.03). Receipt of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with more SLNs removed (3.0 versus 2.6; p  =  0.005). CONCLUSION: Number of SLNs removed varies based on risk factors for @entity4298 @entity3 or false-negative @entity4298 biopsy.

title: Surgeon bias in sentinel lymph node dissection: Do XXXX characteristics influence decision making?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cis-AB, a rare @entity6910 variant, is the result of a mutated @entity6910 gene that produces a glycosyltransferase enzyme with dual A and B glycosyltransferase activity. It may lead to @entity6910 discrepancies and a delay in establishing the blood group. To date, there have been no reports of a de novo mutation leading to a cis-AB allele. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Sequencing of the @entity6910 gene using blood and hair follicle cells from the proposita were performed along with blood from her parents. To establish maternity and paternity, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis was also performed. The A and B enzyme activities of the novel enzyme were measured in an in vitro expression study. RESULTS: A novel cis-AB allele arising from @entity4334 substitution @entity67628 ( @entity67629 ) in the B glycosyltransferase gene were discovered in the blood and hair follicle cells from the proposita, which was absent from her parents. In all 15 autosomal STR loci analysed, the probability of maternity and paternity were 0  999999 and 0  999989, respectively. The novel enzyme created 33  1% and 60  2% of A and B antigen compared to wild type A and B glycosyltransferases. CONCLUSION: A novel mechanism leading to a cis-AB allele was discovered.

title: A novel cis-AB variant allele arising from a de novo XXXX substitution @entity67628 ( @entity67629 ) in the B glycosyltransferase gene.

answer: @entity4334 :: (D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Preclinical @entity5 is one of the world's @entity66 , with very low survival rates and increased occurrence in the future. Successfully developed target-based therapies have significantly changed @entity5 treatment. However, primary and/or acquired resistance in the @entity5 is a major challenge in current therapies and novel combinational therapies are required. RNA interference-mediated gene inactivation, alone or in combination with other current therapies, provides novel promising therapeutics that can improve cure rate and overcome resistance mechanisms to conventional therapeutics. Hepatocyte Growth Factor/ @entity1916 signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated pathways in @entity1 @entity5 and abnormal @entity1916 activation is correlated with poor clinical outcomes and drug resistance in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). In recent years, a growing number of studies have identified several inhibitors and microRNAs (miRNAs), specifically targeting @entity1916 in various @entity5 , including @entity157 . In this review, we discuss current knowledge regarding miRNAs, focusing on their involvement in @entity5 and their potential as research tools and therapeutics. Then, we focus on the potential use of @entity1916 targeting miRNAs for suppressing aberrant @entity1916 signaling in @entity157 treatment. Drug Dev Res, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Targeting @entity1916 in Cancer by MicroRNAs: Potential Therapeutic Applications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadliest diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Research Cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) through biventricular pacing is an effective treatment for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with a wide QRS; however, the outcomes of @entity1 requiring CRT and @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy are unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy and safety of combined CRT and @entity737 therapy in @entity1 with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive @entity712 despite appropriate medical management. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial conducted from October 1, 1999, to August 31, 2001, of 369 @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less, QRS duration of 130 ms, at high risk of life-threatening @entity943 , and in NYHA class III (n = 328) or IV (n = 41) despite optimized medical treatment. INTERVENTIONS: Of 369 randomized @entity1 who received devices with combined CRT and @entity737 capabilities, 182 were controls ( @entity737 activated, CRT off) and 187 were in the CRT group ( @entity737 activated, CRT on). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary double-blind study end points were changes between baseline and 6 months in quality of life, functional class, and distance covered during a 6-minute walk. Additional outcome measures included changes in exercise capacity, plasma neurohormones, left ventricular function, and overall @entity712 status. Survival, incidence of @entity943 , and rates of hospitalization were also compared. RESULTS: At 6 months, @entity1 assigned to CRT had a greater improvement in median (95% confidence interval) quality of life score (-17.5 [-21 to -14] vs -11.0 [-16 to -7], P =.02) and functional class (-1 [-1 to -1] vs 0 [-1 to 0], P =.007) than controls but were no different in the change in distance walked in 6 minutes (55 m [44-79] vs 53 m [43-75], P =.36). Peak @entity26 consumption increased by 1.1 mL/kg per minute (0.7-1.6) in the CRT group vs 0.1 mL/kg per minute (-0.1 to 0.8) in controls (P =.04), although treadmill exercise duration increased by 56 seconds (30-79) in the CRT group and decreased by 11 seconds (-55 to 12) in controls (P<.001). No significant differences were observed in changes in left ventricular size or function, overall @entity712 status, survival, and rates of hospitalization. No proarrhythmia was observed and @entity943 termination capabilities were not impaired. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac resynchronization improved quality of life, functional status, and exercise capacity in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity712 , a wide QRS interval, and life-threatening @entity943 . These improvements occurred in the context of underlying appropriate medical management without proarrhythmia or compromised @entity737 function.

title: Combined cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioversion defibrillation in advanced XXXX : the MIRACLE @entity737 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endoscopic @entity1127 can be complicated by @entity548 , perforation, or incomplete resection. Laparoscopic radical appendectomy represents a safe alternative for the definitive resection and accurate pathologic evaluation of selected @entity1127 . METHODS: @entity1 with cecal cap @entity1127 not involving the ileocecal valve were candidates for laparoscopic radical appendectomy. Intraoperative colonoscopy and resection of the appendix and cecum to the level of the ileocecal valve were accomplished via three midline ports. For each @entity1 , histologic evaluation by frozen section ruled out malignancy and ensured complete resection. RESULTS: Five @entity1 , four of whom had significant medical comorbidities, presented with large @entity6523 contained within the cecum. Each polyp was determined to be unresectable endoscopically; therefore, a laparoscopic radical appendectomy was performed. One @entity1 with @entity82 also underwent intraoperative liver ultrasonography and biopsies, which contributed to the longest operative time and hospital stay. The histologic diagnosis by frozen section was benign for each @entity1 . The mean operative time was 95 minutes, and the mean length of hospital stay was 1.8 days. No postoperative complications were observed during a mean follow-up of 6 months. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic "radical appendectomy" is an effective treatment for selected cecal @entity6523 . Our ability to resect the @entity1127 completely and avoid a standard right hemicolectomy supports this approach.

title: Laparoscopic "radical appendectomy" is an effective alternative to endoscopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['cecal polyps', 'polyps', 'removal of cecal polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['removal of cecal polyps']


abstract: A 56-year-old Japanese @entity1 in whom a descending @entity694 had been resected underwent a high orchitectomy for metastatic epididymis from the colon. @entity189 from the digestive organs to the @entity4115 ( @entity4115 ) and/or the intrascrotal contents (ISC) is rare. Fifty-four Japanese @entity1 with @entity3 from the digestive organs to the @entity4115 and/or the ISC were analyzed. The most frequent primary site was the stomach and the most frequent metastatic site was the @entity4115 . Our @entity1 was the first to exhibit @entity3 from the @entity694 . A primary site was identified in 24 @entity1 subsequent to the @entity3 . Twenty @entity1 had other organ @entity3 . The prognosis for @entity4115 and/or ISC @entity3 @entity1 is poor. Our @entity1 has survived for 18 months following his orchitectomy with no other organ @entity3 (31 months after the primary operation). In our patient, monoclonal @entity172 receptor staining was negative; however, further study must be undertaken.

title: Epididymis XXXX from @entity694 : a case report and a review of the Japanese literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4115 :: ('MESH:D013086', 'Disease') :: ['spermatic cord', 'SC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon to the epididymis', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the associations between biomedical, social and health care factors and the occurrence of severe @entity1468 , @entity3036 or @entity2102 . STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study conducted in 14 of the 15 maternity hospitals of Brussels. Cases were all 99 @entity1 who delivered in these hospitals in 1996 and who had severe @entity1468 , @entity3036 or @entity2102 . Controls were 200 @entity1 without these severe maternal conditions, randomly selected among @entity1 who delivered in the same hospitals during the same period. Crude odds ratios were computed and adjusted odds ratios were derived from logistic regression. RESULTS: Indicators of social deprivation such as low educational level, poverty and illegal residence or asylum request, were strongly associated with the outcome in univariate analysis. So were African or Turkish ethnicity, @entity28 , chronic @entity101 and primiparity. Logistic regression showed that no access to national health insurance and history of residence in another country were strongly and independently associated with the outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 4.0 (95% confidence interval 1.1, 14.0) and 3.7 (95% confidence interval 1.9, 7.3), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The burden of @entity1468 is concentrated in socially disadvantaged @entity1 . Health services should be more responsive to the specific needs of these @entity1 . Low access to health care may contribute to the occurrence of severe @entity1468 in our setting.

title: Social deprivation and poor access to care as risk factors for severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to prospectively assess subjective anorectal symptoms by questionnaire and to prospectively assess the integrity of the anal sphincter by physical and ultrasonographic examination in @entity1 with and without obstetric anal sphincter laceration. STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen subjects who sustained obstetric anal sphincter lacerations at the time of vaginal delivery were matched with 15 control subjects and followed up prospectively. @entity1 underwent physical and ultrasonographic evaluations and answered questionnaires regarding anorectal symptoms at 6 weeks and at 4 months post partum. Data were evaluated with the Fisher exact test, the Wilcoxon exact and signed rank tests, and the McNemar test. RESULTS: On postpartum examination the subjects with lacerations had more separated sphincters and decreased anal resting and squeeze tones with respect to control subjects (P <.05). According to ultrasonographic evaluation the anal sphincters were more commonly disrupted in the laceration group than in the control group (external anal sphincter, 40% vs 20%; P =.43; and internal anal sphincter, 47% vs 7%; P =.035). Subjective rating of @entity1241 was significantly greater in the laceration group than in the control group (P <.05). There was no correlation between @entity1241 and the integrity of the external anal sphincter. At the 4-month visit, @entity1241 was resolved in 36% of subjects; however, continued @entity409 was reported by 43% of subjects in the laceration group versus only 7% of the control subjects (P =.08). CONCLUSION: Reports of @entity1241 were significantly greater among @entity1 with a history of primarily repaired obstetric anal sphincter lacerations than among control subjects. Ultrasonographic examination revealed separated anal sphincters in 40% of the @entity1 with obstetric anal sphincter lacerations, despite repair at the time of delivery.

title: A prospective cohort study of XXXX after primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter laceration.

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence symptoms', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity378 with abscess accounts for approximately 50  % of all @entity3084 cases. Tuberculous abscesses spread into the sacroiliac joint capsule, subcutaneous tissue, and the skin, and finally becomes a skin sinus. As there are no previous reports about @entity3084 with a chronic sinus, we evaluated its clinical characteristics and management by negative pressure wound therapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 12 @entity1 with @entity3084 with chronic sinuses treated between January 2005 and January 2010 was conducted. @entity1 were treated with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Treatment was divided into three phases: control phase, standard dressing changes daily for 4  weeks; interphase washout period, dressing changes every 3  days for 1  week; and intervention phase, no dressing changes until minimal sinus tract drainage (<5  ml per 24  h). Outcomes including the sinus healing time and the drainage volume were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 37.1  months. @entity50 healing was observed at an average of 25.25        7.23 (range, 20-42) days after initial treatment. The mean volume of drainage did not change during the control phase, but decreased from 29.17        16.63 to 0.25        0.87  ml in the intervention phase. The mean daily reduction of wound volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in the intervention phase was greater than in the control phase (P   <   0.05). Anti-tubercular therapy was administered an average of 14.00        2.95 (range, 12-18) months. ESR and @entity1851 returned to normal within 3  months after the sinus closure. Bony fusion was observed in 5 (41.7  %) @entity1 , and @entity82 in the other @entity1 at last follow-up. All @entity1 healed uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of @entity3084 with a chronic sinus can be difficult. NPWT provides better healing of @entity3084 with a chronic sinus than standard dressing changes.

title: The efficacy of negative pressure wound therapy in treating XXXX with a chronic sinus tract: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculous sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity3084 :: (MESH:D014394,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac joint tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1030 is characterized by significant chronic @entity32 that is evident not only in the pulmonary compartment but also in the circulation. Peripheral blood features of @entity1030 include markers of oxidative stress and altered circulating levels of inflammatory mediators and acute-phase proteins. The presence of a systemic inflammatory response may influence quality of life by giving rise to @entity353 , @entity2057 and tissue depletion. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the determinants of body mass and the value of serum @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ) as a marker of @entity353 in @entity1030 @entity1 , and to correlate this with the burden of oxidative stress as measured by serum @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels. METHODOLOGY: Fifty-two male @entity1030 @entity1 (mean age 62.55 +/- 6.81 years) were studied. After anthropometric measurements and standard spirometry, serum @entity310 concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using an @entity310 kit, and @entity1865 was studied spectrophotometrically using the Yoshioka-Kawada method. RESULTS: The mean BMI was 24.82 +/- 3.46. BMI was lower than normal (< 19) in six patients. Mean serum @entity310 concentration was 14.99 +/- 8.98 pg/mL and @entity1865 was 0.93 +/- 0.13 nmol/L. There was no significant correlation between serum @entity1865 and @entity310 concentrations (P = 0.140). Serum @entity310 and @entity1865 concentrations were not correlated with severity of @entity1030 (P > 0.05 for all). BMI was negatively correlated with burden of smoking (pack-years) (r = -0.392, P= 0.004); but not with pulmonary function, degree of hypoxaemia, serum @entity310 or @entity1865 levels. BMI was significantly lower in current smokers than ex-smokers (P = 0.041); however, serum @entity1865 and @entity310 levels were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that body mass is related to smoking status (both pack-years and continuance of smoking) in @entity1030 ; however, serum @entity310 concentration does not seem to be a good marker of @entity353 in these @entity1 .

title: Determinants of BMI in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction or degree of hypoxaemia', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Catheter associated @entity793 is the most common @entity281 acquired in hospitals. The objective of the study was (1) to study the incidence of @entity793 following indwelling urethral catheterization in @entity1 with short-term vs long-term catheterization (2) to define the antibiotic resistance pattern among these isolates so that the study can provide guidelines for choosing an effective antibiotic against @entity281 in catheterized @entity1 . METHODS: This is a prospective study carried out over a period of 18 months in Neurology/Neurosurgical @entity1 who had indwelling catheters for > or =48 h. RESULTS: In this study, 68 out of 800 (8.5%) adult inpatients acquired @entity293 following indwelling bladder catheterizations. The risk was significantly higher for female, elderly @entity1 , critically ill and @entity1 on prolonged catheterization. Among the bacterial pathogens, @entity526 was the commonest organism isolated (32.9%) followed by Pseudomonas sp. (15.1%) and @entity794 (12.3%). Candida sp. comprised 13.7% of all isolates. Among Gram negative bacterial pathogens maximum number of isolates were sensitive to @entity4509 (sensitivity of 42%). All Gram positive organisms were however sensitive to @entity2176 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide guidelines for choosing salvage therapy against hospital resistant strains causing @entity281 in catheterized patients. However, antibiotics seem to prevent @entity293 but primarily in @entity1 catherized for short duration, i.e. 3-14 days and not in @entity1 with long-term catheterization.

title: Catheter associated XXXX in neurology and neurosurgical units.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: The MSRV ( @entity15 -associated retrovirus) belongs to the @entity1 endogenous retrovirus HERV-W family. The envelope protein originating from the MSRV has been found in most @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). This protein ( @entity18341 -ms) has pro-inflammatory properties for several types of immune cells and could therefore play a role in @entity15 pathogenesis by promoting the leukocyte diapedesis observed in the central nervous system of @entity1 . Our study aims to analyze the effects of @entity18341 -ms on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at a molecular and functional level. We demonstrate that the recombinant MSRV envelope is able to stimulate several inflammatory parameters in a @entity1 BBB in vitro model, the HCMEC/D3 brain endothelial cell line. Indeed, @entity18341 -ms induces over-expression of @entity2071 , a major mediator of leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, in a dose-dependent manner as well as a strong dose-dependent production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines @entity650 and @entity687 . Furthermore, using a silencing approach with siRNAs, we show that @entity18341 -ms is recognized via the Toll-like receptor 4 receptor, a pattern recognition receptor of innate immunity present on endothelial cells. We also show, using functional assays, that treatment of brain endothelial cells with @entity18341 -ms significantly stimulated the adhesion and the transmigration of activated immune cells through a monolayer of endothelial cells. These findings support the hypothesis that MSRV could be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity15 or at least in maintenance of inflammatory conditions, thus fueling the @entity1200 . MSRV could also play a role in other chronic inflammatory diseases.

title: Inflammatory response of endothelial cells to a XXXX endogenous retrovirus associated with @entity15 is mediated by TLR4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['auto-immune disorder']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity67 ( @entity67 ) is common after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation and a major determinant of adverse outcomes. Optimal perioperative right ventricular (RV) management is not well defined. We evaluated the use of pulmonary vasodilator therapy during LVAD implantation. We performed a retrospective analysis of continuous-flow LVAD implants and pulmonary vasodilator use at our institution between September 2004 and June 2013. Preoperative @entity67 risk was assessed using recognized variables. Sixty-five @entity1 (80% @entity1 , 50        14 years) were included: 52% HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD), 11% HeartMate II (HMII), 17% VentrAssist, 20% Jarvik. Predicted @entity67 risk was comparable with contemporary LVAD populations: 8% ventilated, 14% mechanical support, 86% inotropes, 25% BUN >39   mg/dL, 23% bilirubin >= 2   mg/dL, 31% RV : LV (left ventricular) diameter >= 0.75, 27% RA : PCWP (right atrium : pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) >0.63, 36% RV @entity64 work index <6   gm-m/m(2) /beat. The majority (91%) received pulmonary vasodilators early and in high dose: 72% nitric oxide, 77% sildenafil (max 200        79   mg/day), 66% iloprost (max 126        37    g/day). Median hospital stay was 26 (21) days. No @entity1 required RV mechanical support. Of six (9%) @entity1 meeting @entity67 criteria based on prolonged need for inotropes, four were transplanted, one is alive with an LVAD at 3 years, and one died on day 35 of @entity932 . Two-year survival was 77% (92% for HMII/HVAD): transplanted 54%, alive with LVAD 21%, recovery/explanted 2%. A low incidence of @entity67 and excellent outcomes were observed for @entity1 treated early during LVAD implantation with combination, high-dose pulmonary vasodilators. The results warrant further investigation in a randomized controlled study.

title: Clinical Outcomes of XXXX Treated With Pulmonary Vasodilators Early and in High Dose After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Right ventricular failure', 'RVF']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity30893 , @entity62929 causes significant damage to various economically important crops. Infection is associated with secretion of effector proteins into host cytoplasm and interference with host innate immunity. To combat this infection, the identification and functional annotations of Excretory/Secretory (ES) proteins serve as a key to produce durable control measures. The identification of ES proteins through experimental methods are expensive and time consuming while bioinformatics approaches are cost-effective by prioritizing the experimental analysis of potential drug targets for @entity4801 . In this study, we predicted and functionally annotated the 1889 ES proteins in @entity62929 genome using integration of several bioinformatics tools. Of these 1889 ES proteins, 473 (25%) had orthologues in free living @entity2199 @entity2199 , 825(67.8%) in parasitic @entity2199 whereas 561 (29.7%) appeared to be novel and @entity62929 specific molecules. Of the @entity2199 homologues, 17 ES proteins had "loss of function phenotype" by RNA interference and could represent potential drug targets for parasite intervention and control. We could functionally annotate 429 (22.7%) ES proteins using Gene Ontology (GO) terms, 672 (35.5%) proteins to protein domains and established pathway associations for 223 (11.8%) sequences using Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The 162 (8.5%) ES proteins were also mapped to several important plant cell-wall degrading CAZyme families including chitinase, cellulase, xylanase, pectate lyase and endo-b-1,4-xylanase. Our comprehensive analysis of @entity62929 secretome provides functional information for further experimental study.

title: Genome-wide analysis of Excretory/Secretory proteins in XXXX , @entity62929 provides potential targets for parasite control.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity30893 :: ('6303', 'Species') :: ['root-knot nematode']

entities_list: @entity62929 :: ('6306', 'Species') :: ['M. incognita', 'Meloidogyne incognita']

answer: @entity30893 :: (6303,Species) :: ['root-knot nematode']


abstract: @entity1 aging is characterized by declines in cognition and fine motor function as well as improved emotional regulation. In @entity1 , declining levels of @entity251 (T) with age have been implicated in the development of these age-related changes. However, studies examining the effects of T replacement on cognition, emotion and fine motor function in older @entity1 have not provided consistent results. @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) are excellent models for @entity1 cognitive aging and may provide novel insights on this issue. We tested 10 aged intact male @entity2608 (mean age=19, range 15-25) on a battery of cognitive, motor and emotional tasks at baseline and under low or high T experimental conditions. Their performance was compared to that of 6 young males previously tested in the same paradigm (Lacreuse et al., 2009; Lacreuse et al., 2010). Following a 4-week baseline testing period, monkeys were treated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (Depot Lupron, 200 g/kg) to suppress endogenous T and were tested on the task battery under a 4-week high T condition (injection of Lupron+T enanthate, 20mg/kg, n=8) or 4-week low T condition (injection of Lupron+oil vehicle, n=8) before crossing over to the opposite treatment. The cognitive tasks consisted of the Delayed Non-Matching-to-Sample (DNMS), the Delayed Response (DR), and the Delayed Recognition Span Test (spatial-DRST). The emotional tasks included an object Approach-Avoidance task and a task in which monkeys were played videos of unfamiliar conspecifics in different emotional context (Social Playbacks). The fine motor task was the Lifesaver task that required monkeys to remove a Lifesaver candy from rods of different complexity. T manipulations did not significantly affect @entity2414 , reference memory or fine motor function at any age. In the Approach-Avoidance task, older monkeys, but not younger monkeys, spent more time in proximity of novel objects in the high T condition relative to the low T condition. In both age groups, high T increased watching time of threatening social stimuli in the Social Playbacks. These results suggest that T affects some aspects of emotional processing but has no effect on fine motor function or cognition in young or older male macaques. It is possible that the duration of T treatment was not long enough to affect cognition or fine motor function or that T levels were too high to improve these outcomes. An alternative explanation for the discrepancies of our findings with some of the cognitive and emotional effects of T reported in rodents and @entity1 may be the use of a chemical castration, which reduced circulating gonadotropins in addition to T. Further studies will investigate whether the luteinizing hormone LH mediates the effects of T on brain function in male primates.

title: Short-term @entity251 manipulations do not affect cognition or motor function but differentially modulate emotions in young and older male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['Rhesus monkeys', 'rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['visual recognition memory, working memory']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI using high b-value vs standard b-value for @entity1 with @entity2946 ( @entity2946 ). Minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCMIN) values were also compared with @entity5 cellularity. METHODS: High and standard b-value DW images were obtained for 17 @entity1 with @entity2946 . The number and location of the lesions, signal intensities (SIs), signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), contrast-to-noise ratios, contrast ratios (CRs) and ADCs of the lesions were compared. @entity5 cellularity was also measured and compared with ADCMIN values. RESULTS: All 20 lesions were hyperintense on the DW MR images with high and standard b-values. Four additional lesions were revealed on high b-value, and all 24 lesions were more conspicuous at high b-value. SI, SNR and ADC values for the lesions were lower in the high b-value images than in the standard b-value images. The ADCMIN value at b   =   3000   s   mm(-2) was more significantly associated with @entity5 cellularity than that at b   =   1000   s   mm(-2). CR values were significantly higher in the high b-value images than in the standard b-value images. CONCLUSION: DW imaging using high b-value may be beneficial for detecting additional, less prominent lesions and may improve the contrast between @entity75 and normal tissue. A stronger inverse correlation with @entity5 cellularity was identified using the ADCMIN values at high b-value. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study demonstrates the superiority of high b-value DW imaging compared with standard b-value imaging for the detection of @entity75 , especially those with subtle foci.

title: A comparison of high b-value vs standard b-value diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0   T for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['MB lesions']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'MB']

answer: @entity2946 :: (MESH:D008527,Disease) :: ['medulloblastomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of conservative management (except drug therapy) for acute @entity74 ( @entity74 ) II. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) using a pre-defined protocol. Two independent reviewers searched information sources, decided eligibility of studies, and assessed risk of bias (RoB) of included trials. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by the other. A third reviewer mediated any disagreements throughout. Qualitative trial and RoB data were summarised descriptively. Quantitative syntheses were conducted across trials for comparable interventions, outcome measures and assessment points. Meta-analyses compared effect sizes with random effects, using STATA version 12. DATA SOURCES: PEDro, Medline, Embase, AMED, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library with manual searching in key journals, reference lists, British National Bibliography for Report Literature, Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information _ Exchange, and National Technical Information Service were searched from inception to 15th April 2015. Active researchers in the field were contacted to determine relevant studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: RCTs evaluating acute (<4 weeks) WADII, any conservative intervention, with outcome measures important to the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health. RESULTS: Fifteen RCTs all assessed as high RoB (n=1676 @entity1 ) across 9 countries were included. Meta-analyses enabled 4 intervention comparisons: conservative versus standard/control, active versus passive, behavioural versus standard/control, and early versus late. Conservative intervention was more effective for @entity158 reduction at 6 months (95%CI: -20.14 to -3.38) and 1-3 years (-25.44 to -3.19), and improvement in cervical mobility in the horizontal plane at <3 months (0.43 to 5.60) compared with standard/control intervention. Active intervention was effective for @entity158 alleviation at 6 months (-17.19 to -3.23) and 1-3 years (-26.39 to -10.08) compared with passive intervention. Behavioural intervention was more effective than standard/control intervention for @entity158 reduction at 6 months (-15.37 to -1.55), and improvement in cervical movement in the coronal (0.93 to 4.38) and horizontal planes at 3-6 months (0.43 to 5.46). For early (<4 days) versus late (>10 days) interventions, there were no statistically significant differences in all outcome measures between interventions at any time. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative and active interventions may be useful for @entity158 reduction in @entity1 with acute WADII. Additionally, cervical horizontal mobility could be improved by conservative intervention. The employment of a behavioural intervention (e.g. act-as-usual, education and self-care including regularly exercise) could have benefits for @entity158 reduction and improvement in cervical movement in the coronal and horizontal planes. The evidence was evaluated as low/very low level according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.

title: The Effectiveness of Conservative Management for Acute XXXX ( @entity74 ) II: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'Whiplash Associated Disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Whiplash Associated Disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity1 ' satisfaction and the intermediate and long-term patterns of symptom progression following uterine @entity1416 (UAE). STUDY DESIGN: Intermediate (2-6 years) and long-term (9-14 years) follow-up questionnaire survey to @entity1 who underwent UAE during the period 1996-2000, at a tertiary referral centre. RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of @entity1 at the time of embolization was 43 (5.58) years. A total of 142/197 (72.1%) @entity1 had the embolization in view of heavy menstrual periods, while 87/197 (44%) indicated a desire to retain fertility. 160/197 (81.7%) @entity1 who completed Q1 reported an improvement in menstrual symptoms compared to 41/80 (51.2%) for Q2 [p<0.01]. The majority indicated they would recommend the procedure to a friend (Q1: 165 (83.8%), Q2: 62/80 (77.5%)) [p=0.75]. 23/80 (28.8%) required further surgical treatment following UAE, and within the latter group, only 7/23 (30.4%) were satisfied with the embolization. 22/80 (27.5%) tried for a pregnancy following the procedure, and of these 3/22 (13.6%) had a live birth. The mean (SD) age at the menopause for @entity1 who returned Q2 was 49.1 (4.91) years. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 were satisfied with the embolization and noted an improvement in menstrual symptoms. However, this improvement diminished over time following the embolization, and over a quarter of @entity1 required further surgical intervention. Findings from this study may provide useful information in counselling @entity1 undergoing UAE and help guide clinicians in their @entity1 selection criteria when discussing the procedure.

title: Intermediate and long-term outcomes following uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['artery fibroid embolization']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['artery fibroid embolization']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate possible associations between the presence of @entity19534 of cardiac origin and the location of @entity299 and conventional risk factors. METHODS: A total of 326 consecutive @entity1 with confirmed @entity741 (192 males, 134 females, mean age 64 years) were studied. Demographic details, health history, factors, prodromal symptoms, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and @entity158 characteristics during the @entity63 episode were assessed. The location of the @entity63 according to the ECG findings was categorized as anterior, inferior, or lateral. Univariate chi-square analyses and a multivariate logistic regression model were used for data analysis. Two age subgroups (< 65 and > 65) were established when controlling for covariates. RESULTS: Craniofacial @entity158 of cardiac origin was significantly associated with an inferior localization of @entity299 (P < .001) and was more frequently reported in @entity6 @entity1 (P = .014). Thirty-eight @entity1 (12%) did not experience @entity662 during the @entity741 . Nine @entity1 (3%) experienced a @entity951 without @entity662 . CONCLUSION: The occurrence of @entity19534 during @entity741 , with or without an acute @entity583 , was associated with @entity63 within the inferior wall. This result suggests the involvement of the vagal afferent system in the mechanisms of @entity19534 of cardiac origin.

title: Craniofacial XXXX of cardiac origin is associated with inferior wall ischemia.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ischemia']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['prodromal angina episode']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this Phase II study, the authors assessed the @entity137 and anti- @entity5 activity of a combination of oral @entity786 , oral low-dose @entity619 , and intravenous @entity1891 (CVD) in @entity1 with metastatic @entity342 -independent @entity263 (AI-PCa). METHODS: @entity1 with histologic proof of @entity263 progressing despite adequate hormonal therapy and adequate organ function were treated with oral @entity786 , 250 mg/daily (Days 1-14); intravenous @entity1891 , 1 mg daily (Days 1, 8, 15); and oral @entity619 , 0.75 mg twice a day (Days 1-14) in 28-day cycles. Study endpoints were @entity137 , rate of @entity1486 (PSA) decline > 50%, and/or measurable disease response. RESULTS: Fifty-two (95%) of 55 registered @entity1 were evaluable. The majority (65%) of @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy. The median number of treatment cycles given was two (range, one-seven cycles). Twenty-nine percent of the @entity1 were found to have a > 50% decline in PSA level compared with baseline levels, and 25% of the @entity1 with bidimensionally measurable soft-tissue or visceral disease were found to have a partial response. The median progression-free survival duration was 10 weeks, and the median overall survival duration was 10.6 months. There were no @entity1031 , and hematologic and nonhematologic @entity137 was minimal. CONCLUSIONS: CVD was found to be an active and well-tolerated regimen for AI-PCa. The low @entity137 profile makes CVD a useful treatment option for @entity1 with significant comorbidities and high risk for treatment-related @entity137 , especially @entity1031 and myelotoxicity.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX , @entity1891 , and @entity619 in the treatment of @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Development of insecticide resistance (IR) in mosquito vectors is a primary huddle to @entity311 control program. Since IR has genetic basis, and genes constantly evolve with response to environment for adaptation to organisms, it is important to know evolutionary pattern of genes conferring IR in @entity311 vectors. The mosquito Anopheles minimus is a major @entity311 vector of the Southeast (SE) Asia and India and is susceptible to all insecticides, and thus of interest to know if natural selection has shaped variations in the gene conferring IR. If not, the DNA fragment of such a gene  could be used to infer population structure and demography of this species of @entity311 vector. We have therefore sequenced a ~569  bp DNA segment of the @entity1110 @entity13324 ( @entity13324 ) gene (widely known to confer IR)  in 123 individuals of An. minimus collected in 10 different locations (eight Indian, one Thai and one Vietnamese). Two Indian population samples were completely mono-morphic in the @entity13324 gene. In general, low genetic diversity was found with no evidence of natural selection in this gene. The data were therefore analyzed to infer population structure and demography of this species. The  10 populations could be genetically differentiated into four different groups; the samples from Thailand and Vietnam contained high @entity377 diversity. All the 10 populations conform to demographic equilibrium model with signature of past population expansion in four populations. The results in general indicate that the An. minimus mosquitoes sampled in the two SE Asian localities contain several genetic characteristics of being parts of the ancestral population.

title: Molecular population genetics of the XXXX @entity13324 ( @entity13324 ) gene in Anopheles minimus.

entities_list: @entity13324 :: ('5447', 'Gene') :: ['CPR', 'cytochrome P450 reductase']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIM: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the most common @entity409 in both adult and @entity1 . Currently there are no reliable methods to determine disease severity, monitor disease progression, or efficacy of therapy, other than an invasive liver biopsy. DESIGN: @entity1877 Deficient @entity14890 (CDAA) and high fat diets were used as physiologically relevant @entity19 models of @entity1561 . Circulating extracellular vesicles were isolated, fully characterized by proteomics and molecular analyses and compared to control groups. Liver-related microRNAs were isolated from purified extracellular vesicles and liver specimens. RESULTS: We observed statistically significant differences in the level of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in liver and blood between two control groups and @entity1561 animals. Time-course studies showed that EV levels increase early during disease development and reflect changes in liver histolopathology. EV levels correlated with hepatocyte cell death (r2=0.64, p<0.05), @entity82 (r2=0.66, p<0.05) and pathological angiogenesis (r2=0.71, p<0.05). Extensive characterization of blood EVs identified both microparticles (MPs) and exosomes (EXO) present in blood of @entity1561 animals. Proteomic analysis of blood EVs detected various differentially expressed proteins in @entity1561 versus control animals. Moreover, unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified a signature that allowed for discrimination between @entity1561 and controls. Finally, the liver appears to be an important source of circulating EVs in @entity1561 animals as evidenced by the enrichment in blood with @entity2853 and 192 - two microRNAs previously described in chronic @entity409 , coupled with a corresponding decrease in expression of these microRNAs in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a potential for using specific circulating EVs as sensitive and specific biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of @entity1561 .

title: Circulating Extracellular Vesicles with Specific Proteome and Liver MicroRNAs Are Potential Biomarkers for Liver Injury in Experimental Fatty XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Amino Acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Though previous studies have demonstrated an increased @entity174 risk in females with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity174 risk in males is not well characterized. The objective of this study was to examine sex differences in @entity174 risk and site-specific @entity174 incidence in @entity1278 . We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study using @entity283 ( @entity14396 ; a large database of anonymized electronic medical records collected at primary care clinics throughout the United Kingdom). The median calendar year for the start of the observation period was 2004-2005. We identified 9239 females and 556 males <60 years of age with @entity1278 , and 97,889 randomly selected sex-, age-, and practice-matched @entity1 without @entity1277 (92,329 females and 5560 males). Multivariable Cox regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident @entity174 . Median age at start of observation was 29.8 years in females and 30.2 years in males. The HR for @entity174 associated with @entity1278 differed by sex and age (interaction p   =   0.002). Females with @entity1278 had an increased @entity174 risk at all ages (HR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45 to 1.75). @entity1278 was associated with a higher risk of @entity174 among males >40 years of age (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.32 to 4.90; p   =   0.005) but not among males <= 40 years. Females with @entity1278 had a higher risk of @entity174 at nearly all anatomic sites. The greatest excess @entity174 risk was noted at the hip/femur (HR, 5.59; 95% CI, 3.44 to 9.09) and pelvis (HR, 4.54; 95% CI, 2.42 to 8.50) in females and at the vertebrae (HR, 7.25; 95% CI, 1.21 to 43.45) for males with @entity1278 . @entity1278 was associated with higher incident @entity174 risk in females across all age groups and in males >40 years old. Sites of highest @entity174 risk include the hip/femur and pelvis in females and vertebrae in males with @entity1278 .    2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Assessment of Sex Differences in Fracture Risk Among @entity1 With @entity1278 : A Population-Based Cohort Study Using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['The Health Improvement Network']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

answer: @entity283 :: (OMIM:603663,Disease) :: ['The Health Improvement Network']


abstract: @entity1162 (LQTS) was diagnosed in three @entity1 . The first @entity1 , a 10-year-old @entity1 , presented with recurrent episodes of @entity1163 during swimming and was diagnosed with type 1 LQTS. The second @entity1 , a 36-year-old asymptomatic @entity1 , was accidentally diagnosed with type 2 LQTS. His family history revealed @entity944 at a young age after auditory stimuli. Type 3 LQTS was diagnosed post-mortem in a 16-year-old @entity1 who died during his sleep. All clinical diagnoses were confirmed by genetic testing. Congenital LQTS is one of the leading causes of @entity1164 at a young age. Mutations in genes encoding for myocardial ion channel proteins lead to a prolonged QT-interval and abnormal ST-T segments in the 12-lead ECG. @entity1 may present with @entity1163 or @entity1164 caused by @entity1165 . Genotype-specific differences in ECG-abnormalities and triggers for @entity299 may help to distinguish the type of LQTS and make possible the initiation of genotype-specific treatment before the results of genetic testing are known. Identification of the genetic substrate by genetic testing, genotype-specific treatment, and the possibility of treatment with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator have all led to dramatic improvement in the prognosis of @entity1 with LQTS. Therefore, young @entity1 with unexplained recurrent @entity1163 after specific stimuli and those with atypical forms of @entity302 should be referred for cardiologic evaluation in a specialised centre.

title: [ @entity1162 : the cause of recurrent XXXX at a young age].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['syncope and sudden death']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital long QT-syndrome']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['syncope and sudden death']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively review 179 cases surgical treatments of @entity976 over a 7-year period, surgical experience as following. METHODS: Dependent on the locations of the @entity5 to the floor of the third ventricle, they were classified into the superior type of the third ventricle floor in which @entity5 grew on the superior part of the third ventricle floor, and the inferior type of the third ventricle floor in which @entity5 grew from the pituitary stalk, infundibulum, tuber cinereum upwards the floor of the third ventricle developing the obstruction of the third ventricle or downward to the intral sella through the foramen of sellar septum. As the @entity5 of the inferior type, the pterional approaches were performed in 150 @entity1 and the subfrontal approach in 16 @entity1 . As the superior type, transcallosum into the anterior third ventricle part were undergone in 13 cases. Great care was made to preservie the perforating arteries to the neural structures of the third ventricular floor for the @entity5 of the inferior type. @entity130 was required to the neural structures of the third ventricular floor when used by the transcallosum approach to the anterior part of the third ventricular floor for the @entity5 of the superior floor. RESULTS: @entity5 was achieved in 161, 12 and 6 @entity1 , respectively. Four (2.2%) @entity204 occurred at early postoperative stage. All @entity1 were followed-up from 3 months to 5 years (mean, 1.5 years), with 154 (88%) @entity1 regained normal life, 14 (8%) had their self-life and the 7 (4%) need assist life. Seven (3.9%) @entity1 experienced their @entity5 recurrence on MR imaging by following-up. Of them, 4 @entity1 were followed up their @entity5 recurrence within half-year and 3 @entity1 within one year. Five @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 were reoperated on and the other 2 @entity1 were undergone the external radiation of the @entity5 and gamma-knife of the @entity5 respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity976 can be treated surgically with a good result. It is the key to avoid injury of the hypothalamic structures and preserve the perforating arteries to hypothalamus to achieve good surgical results, while attempt was made to completely remove the @entity5 .

title: Surgical experience of 179 cases with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Total, subtotal and partial removal of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'Craniopharyngiomas']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Avoidance of injury']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on white blood cell (WBC) count and levels of @entity2533 (TGF_mdash;_#946;) in serum from subjects with severe @entity2521 . Serum from 28 subjects with @entity2521 (mean age: 34.36  6.24; 32% @entity1 ) and 27 healthy controls (mean age: 33.18  6.42; 33% @entity1 ) were collected prior to therapy. Blood samples were obtained from 23 subjects who completed therapy (9_mdash;12 months). A well_mdash;controlled periodontal treatment protocol was established in three stages: mechanical periodontal therapy (scaling and root planning), reinstrumentation of dental sites, and supportive periodontal therapy. Periodontal and systemic parameters such as the total number of WBCs and TGF_mdash;_#946; levels, accessed by enzyme_mdash;linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were included. After therapy, all clinical periodontal parameters decreased (p<0.0001). There were no statistical differences in WBC count between experimental and control groups before or after therapy. However, after therapy, the mean value of lymphocytes in @entity1 with @entity146 ( @entity146 ) was statistically higher than that of @entity1 with generalized @entity7278 (GCP) (p<0.0357). Additionally, TGF_mdash;_#946; levels in @entity146 and GCP @entity1 were higher compared to controls before therapy (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively). In @entity146 @entity1 , periodontal therapy was associated with increased number of lymphocytes.

title: Effects of periodontal therapy on white blood cell count and levels of XXXX in serum of subjects with severe @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['LAgP', 'localized aggressive periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2533 :: (7040,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prenatal diagnosis of total (TAPVC) or partial (PAPVC) @entity358 in isolation or associated with other @entity299 is important for appropriate prenatal counseling and perinatal management. We sought to assess the echocardiographic clues to the fetal diagnosis of TAPVC and PAPVC in a cohort of affected fetuses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 29 fetal echocardiograms performed in 16 pregnancies with fetal TAPVC or PAPVC, systematically analyzing heart chamber size, presence of a confluence behind the left atrium or of a vertical vein, and Doppler flow patterns. RESULTS: Prenatal diagnosis was made at a mean gestational age of 27 +/- 7 weeks. TAPVC was found in 11 cases; five cases for each of supracardiac and infracardiac types and one mixed type. PAPVC was diagnosed in five fetuses, four of which had @entity1700 . Ten fetuses had an additional major @entity299 , including @entity1699 and @entity4032 . In three cases the prenatal diagnosis was only made at follow-up assessment. Among TAPVC cases, visualization of a confluence behind the left atrium (10/11) and a vertical vein (11/11) were the most consistent echocardiographic clues. @entity5512 and a @entity358 . The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally or at autopsy in 12 cases. In six fetuses with TAPVC and obstruction confirmed postnatally, continuous turbulent flow in the vertical vein and monophasic continuous flow in the pulmonary veins were demonstrated by color and spectral Doppler. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal echocardiography permits prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC or PAPVC. Spectral and color Doppler provide clues to the presence of an obstructed pulmonary venous pathway.

title: Partial and XXXX in the fetus: two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic findings.

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['scimitar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['Dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['small right pulmonary artery suggested scimitar syndrome', 'anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect', 'cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['right atrial isomerism']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measures of heart rate variability are related to changes in temperature during rewarming after @entity2332 for @entity2806 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Level 4 neonatal ICU in a free-standing academic @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : Forty-four @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity2806 treated with @entity2332 . INTERVENTIONS: Continuous electrocardiogram data from 2 hours prior to rewarming through 2 hours after completion of rewarming (up to 10 hr) were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Median beat-to-beat interval and measures of heart rate variability were quantified including beat-to-beat interval SD, low and high frequency relative spectral power, detrended fluctuation analysis short and long a exponents (aS and aL), and root mean square short and long time scales. The relationships between heart rate variability measures and esophageal/axillary temperatures were evaluated. Heart rate variability measures low frequency, aS, and root mean square short and long time scales were negatively associated, whereas aL was positively associated, with temperature (p < 0.01). These findings signify an overall decrease in heart rate variability as temperature increased toward normothermia. CONCLUSIONS: Measures of heart rate variability are temperature dependent in the range of @entity2332 to normothermia. Core body temperature needs to be considered when evaluating heart rate variability metrics as potential physiologic biomarkers of illness severity in @entity2806 @entity1 undergoing @entity2332 .

title: Effect of Temperature on Heart Rate Variability in Neonatal ICU @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of spontaneous @entity548 into metastatic @entity1313 after radiosurgery. METHODS: Intratumour @entity548 rate, clinical features, and treatment were evaluated in 54 @entity1 with 131 brain @entity3 of varying origin who were treated using linear accelerator radiosurgery. The marginal dose was maintained constant at 20 or 25 Gy, irrespective of @entity5 size. RESULTS: @entity548 was identified in 7.4% of the @entity3 (five @entity5 in four @entity1 ) before radiosurgery and in 18.5% (10 @entity5 in 10 @entity1 ) after radiosurgery. In three cases, @entity5 after radiosurgery was symptomatic. Half the @entity548 occurred within one month of radiosurgery. The changes in @entity5 size observed at the time of @entity548 were an increase in one @entity5 , no change in five, and a decrease in four. @entity548 into a @entity5 after radiosurgery was more likely to occur in female @entity1 , in @entity5 with a larger volume on pretreatment neuroimaging, and in @entity5 treated with a larger number of isocentres or a higher maximum dose. @entity548 features in the @entity1 or their @entity5 on presurgical assessment were not disposing factors to @entity548 after radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: When larger brain @entity3 are aggressively treated by radiosurgery, better local control may be attained but there may also be a higher risk of @entity548 soon after the treatment.

title: Spontaneous @entity548 into metastatic XXXX after stereotactic radiosurgery using a linear accelerator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages', 'Haemorrhagic', 'haemorrhage', 'Haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'haemorrhage into the tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumours']


abstract: It has been proposed that @entity3115 ( @entity3115 ), one of the @entity4357 kinases, can be regulated by G-protein-coupled receptor as well as nerve growth factor-associated receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether in vivo treatment with @entity1286 , a @entity16119 ( @entity16119 ) agonist, could directly regulate @entity48971 isoform in the @entity19 periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Using the polyclonal antibody recognizing a p110gamma catalytic subunit of @entity48971 , @entity48971 -like immunoreactivity (IR) was mostly seen in the membrane of the cell labeled by anti-neuron-specific nuclear protein. A single s.c. injection of @entity1286 caused a marked increase in the number of @entity48971 -IR expressing cells in the PAG. Double immunolabeling assay showed that @entity16119 -IR was mostly overlapped with @entity48971 -IR on the cell surface in the PAG section. Additionally, phosphorylated-phospholipase @entity54507 (PLCgamma1-IR) was highly detected in the membrane compartment of the increased @entity48971 -IR-positive cells of this region. Further pharmacological evidence for the critical role of @entity48971 in @entity16119 -mediated antinociceptive response was provided by the warm-plate test. The dose-response lines for antinociceptive effects of @entity1286 were significantly shifted to the right following i.c.v. treatment with @entity3115 inhibitors. These findings suggested that acute treatment with @entity1286 may directly activate the @entity67057 pathway in the PAG. This effect may, at least in part, result in the expression of @entity1286 -induced pharmacological actions including antinociception in @entity19 .

title: Increased level of neuronal @entity3115 gamma by the activation of XXXX in the @entity19 periaqueductal gray matter: further evidence for the implication in @entity1286 -induced antinociception.

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity16119 :: (18390(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mu-opioid receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the effects of @entity3070 with combined therapy of @entity3403 and @entity3070 on clinical symptoms of @entity7289 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, comparative trial without blinding, a quasi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Tubmenburg City (Bomy County) of Liberia, from March to December 2005. METHODOLOGY: Two hundred and forty black local @entity1 were included in clinical trial after recording their informed consent. Inclusion criteria was history of exposure to black @entity238 in endemic area, symptoms of generalized and ocular itching, @entity227 associated with @entity2070 and perilimbal pigmentation, punctuate/ @entity1036 , @entity5502 , @entity6519 , @entity1952 , lesions suggestive of onchodermatitis and subcutaneous nodules. @entity1 suffering from @entity56 , history of measles and @entity2462 , pregnant / breast-feeding @entity1 and @entity1 under 16 years of age were excluded from the study. The @entity1 were randomly placed into two groups. Group I (120 @entity1 ) was treated with @entity3070 in a single dose of 150 microg/kg orally. Group II (120 @entity1 ) was treated with combined therapy of @entity3403 100 mg/day for 6 weeks followed by @entity3070 in a single dose of 150 microg/kg orally. Topical steroid-antibiotic combination was given to @entity1 of both groups where indicated. Follow-up was carried out for 6 months. Improvement or progression of clinical features was recorded on each visit. Results were compiled and analysed by SPSS 10.0 using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Eighty four @entity1 (70%) of group I and 117 (98%) @entity1 of group II responded to treatment, with improvement in @entity7289 clinical symptoms (p < 0.05). @entity2070 , punctuate @entity1036 and @entity5502 healed in all @entity1 , whereas @entity2194 like @entity1036 and @entity1952 did not respond to treatment in either group. CONCLUSION: There was a significantly greater relief in @entity1 of group II treated with a combination of @entity3403 and @entity3070 as compared to those @entity1 who were treated with @entity3070 alone.

title: Effects of @entity3070 with and without @entity3403 on clinical symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['irreversible eye lesions']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity2070 :: ('MESH:C537858', 'Disease') :: ['Pannus', 'pannus']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity7289 :: ('MESH:D009855', 'Disease') :: ['onchocerciasis']

answer: @entity7289 :: (MESH:D009855,Disease) :: ['onchocerciasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with advanced @entity5 have increased life expectancy but suffer from ongoing burden. @entity308 symptomatology is their most common mental health concern. The Ottawa Palliative Rehabilitation Program (PRP) offers rehabilitation for this population. It offers 8 weeks of individualized interdisciplinary rehabilitation, post @entity5 treatment. Interventions include medical (physician and nurse), physiotherapy, occupational therapy, dietary, and social work using a general self-efficacy framework. Pilot data suggest benefits in a range of domains, including ratings of feeling " @entity308 ." We examined whether reduced symptomatology was maintained 3  months after PRP completion. METHODS: @entity1 with advanced heterogeneous @entity5 who completed the PRP were mailed the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (among others) 3-month post-PRP (n   =   44). Demographic and medical information were obtained from @entity1 files. RESULTS: There was a significant linear trend (mean T1: 6.79        2.29; T2: 5.23        3.06; T3: 4.59        3.34; p   =   0.007) with statistically and clinically significant decreases in reported depressive symptomatology between T1 and T2 (p   =   0.042) and T1 and T3 (p   =   0.007). There was a significant decreases in number of cases reporting symptomatology scores in the clinical range from T1 to T3 (p   =   0.038). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who undergo a palliative rehabilitation program may experience relief of mild depressive symptomatology, maintainable 3-month post-PRP. The sample was exhibiting mild symptomatology and these results may not be generalizable to those with higher scores; a lack of specialized psychosocial clinician may have affected the acquired sample. Experimental designs are needed to more thoroughly compare these findings to independent rehabilitation interventions.

title: The longitudinal course of XXXX symptomatology following a palliative rehabilitation program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive', 'Depression', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the analgesic efficacy of a traditional epidurally delivered @entity1341 / @entity3575 combination with a repeat bolus intrathecal @entity1286 technique in the management of post-thoracotomy @entity158 and to assess further the effect of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition on both modalities. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, blinded study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. @entity1 : @entity1 having thoracic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Epidural and intrathecal catheters were inserted. Blood and urine samples were collected for analysis. @entity9859 and @entity2247 inhibition with @entity5018 and @entity9695 ( @entity2247 selective) was instituted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity158 was assessed at rest and coughing by visual analog scale. Peak expiratory flow rate, @entity1 satisfaction rating, sedation score, analgesic requirements, and preoperative and postoperative urinary @entity1011 levels were measured. The spinal and @entity9695 combination showed the @entity158 scores (p < 0.001), least reduction in peak expiratory flow rate (p < 0.001), and highest @entity1 satisfaction rating (p = 0.02). COX inhibition did not affect analgesic requirements in the epidural group or increase urinary @entity1011 in any group. CONCLUSION: The intrathecal @entity1286 and @entity9695 combination offered significantly better analgesia than any other combination studied. The efficacious interaction between opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be @entity2247 mediated.

title: Comparison between repeat bolus intrathecal @entity1286 and an epidurally delivered @entity1341 and XXXX combination in the management of post-thoracotomy @entity158 with or without cyclooxygenase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'lowest pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['nimesulide']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current inability to culture the entirety of observed bacteria is well known and with the advent of ever more powerful molecular tools, that can survey bacterial communities at previously unattainable depth, the gap in our capacity to culture and define all of these species increases exponentially. This gap has essentially become the rate limiting step in determining how the knowledge of which species are present in a sample can be applied to understand the role of these species in an ecosystem or disease process. A case in point is @entity2520 , which is the most widespread @entity66 in @entity235 . If untreated the disease results in significant @entity158 , eventual loss of the dentition and potentially an increased risk of @entity262 . Previous molecular based studies have identified the bacterial species associated with @entity2520 in @entity235 ; however without cultured strains from many of these species it has not been possible to study whether they play a role in the disease process. RESULTS: Using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) directed approach a range of microbiological media were screened and optimized to enrich for previously uncultivated target species. A systematic screening methodology was then employed to isolate the species of interest. In cases where the target species were not cultivable in isolation, helper strains grown underneath a @entity12142 membrane were used to provide the necessary growth factors. This guided media optimization approach enabled the purification of 14 species, 8 of which we had previously been unable to cultivate in isolation. It is also applicable to the targeted isolation of isolates from species that have previously been cultured (for example to study intra-species variation) as demonstrated by the successful isolation of 6 targeted isolates of already cultured species. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first time this combination of qPCR guided media optimization, strategic screening and helper strain support has been used successfully to isolate previously @entity7696 . This approach can be applied to any @entity7696 species where knowledge of their nutritional requirements or low relative abundance impedes their isolation.

title: The Unculturables: targeted isolation of bacterial species associated with XXXX periodontal health or disease from dental plaque.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7696 :: ('77133', 'Species') :: ['uncultured bacteria', 'uncultured bacterial']

entities_list: @entity12142 :: ('CHEBI:53325', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrocellulose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess whether implementing @entity341 ( @entity341 ) physician performance feedback reports improves adherence to evidence-based guidelines for use of CT for evaluation of @entity1151 (PE) beyond that achieved with @entity922 ( @entity922 ) alone. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013, at an urban level 1 adult @entity130 center @entity341 . Attending physicians were stratified into quartiles by use of CT for evaluation of PE in 2012 and were randomized to receive quarterly feedback reporting or not, beginning January 2013. Reports consisted of individual and anonymized group data on guideline adherence (using the Wells criteria), use of CT for PE (number of CT examinations for PE per 1000 @entity1 ), and yield (percentage of CT examinations for PE with positive findings). We compared guideline adherence (primary outcome) and use and yield (secondary outcomes) of CT for PE between the control and intervention groups in 2013 and with historical imaging data from 2012. RESULTS: Of 109,793 @entity341 @entity1 during the control and intervention periods, 2167 (2.0%) underwent CT for evaluation of PE. In the control group, guideline adherence remained unchanged between 2012 (78.8% [476/604]) and 2013 (77.2% [421/545]) (p = 0.5); in the intervention group, guideline adherence increased 8.8% after feedback report implementation, from 78.3% (426/544) to 85.2% (404/474) (p < 0.05). Use and yield were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: Implementation of quarterly feedback reporting resulted in a modest but significant increase in adherence to evidence-based guidelines for use of CT for evaluation of PE in @entity341 @entity1 , enhancing the impact of @entity922 alone. These results suggest potentially synergistic effects of traditional performance improvement tools with @entity922 to improve guideline adherence.

title: Effects of Performance Feedback Reports on Adherence to Evidence-Based Guidelines in Use of CT for Evaluation of XXXX in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['CDS', 'clinical decision support']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary Embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a frequent cause of @entity454 leading to dialysis among the elderly; Its prevalence is inferred from autopsy or retrospective arteriographic studies. This study has been conducted on 269 subjects over 50 with @entity101 and/or @entity6192 , unrelated to other known causes of @entity8 . METHODS: All 269 @entity1 were studied either by color-flow duplex sonography (n = 238) or by renal scintigraphy (n = 224), and 199 of the 269 @entity1 were evaluated using both of these techniques. 40 @entity1 , found to have @entity2791 ( @entity2791 ), were subjected to 3D-contrast enhancement Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and/or Selective Angiography (SA). An additional 23 cases, negative both to scintigraphy and to ultrasound study, underwent renal angiography (MRA and/or SA). RESULTS: Color-duplex sonography, carried out in 238 @entity1 , revealed 49 cases of @entity2791 . MR or SA was carried out in 35 of these 49 @entity1 , and confirmed the diagnosis in 33. Color-duplex sonography showed a @entity2286 value of 94.3% and NPV of 87.0% while renal scintigraphy, carried out in 224 @entity1 , had a @entity2286 of 72.2% and a NPV of 29.4%. @entity1 with @entity2791 showed a higher degree of @entity177 compared to non stenotic @entity1 while there were no differences in @entity644 . @entity2791 , based on color-duplex sonography studies, was present in 11% of @entity1 in the age group 50-59, 18% in the 60-69 and 23% at age 70 and above. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively large percentage of the elderly population with @entity177 and/or @entity101 is affected by @entity2791 and is at risk of developing @entity454 . Color-duplex ultrasonography is a valid routine method of investigation of population at risk for @entity2791 .

title: XXXX . Diagnosis and prevalence in an @entity101 and/or uremic elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic ischemic renal disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis', 'RAS']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic ischemic renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A paucity of information exists on the effects of @entity5 on speech, with what little literature exists focussing on the effects of treatment. Baseline assessment of speech in @entity135 @entity1 before treatment is important to distinguish accurately the effects of treatment from the effects of the @entity5 itself. AIMS: This prospective study had four major foci: (1) to determine if speech intelligibility and motor speech functions of @entity1 with @entity135 before treatment differed from the normal population; (2) to determine if impairments in speech intelligibility and motor speech functions were specific to the original site of @entity5 ; (3) to determine which motor speech functions were most related to overall speech intelligibility; and (4) to determine whether there was a relationship between self-report of speech intelligibility, motor speech functions and the clinical assessment thereof. This study aimed incidentally to determine whether the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment is a practicable, valid and reliable tool for assessing speech functions in the @entity135 population. METHODS _ PROCEDURES: Twenty @entity1 , between 47 and 76 years of age and all newly diagnosed with a @entity135 , participated in the pilot study. In examining speech, @entity1 completed a self-report questionnaire pertaining to speech intelligibility and motor speech functions and were then assessed clinically using subscales of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment before the start of @entity5 treatment. The motor speech functions examined included: respiratory ability and functions of the lip, soft palate, @entity5773 . OUTCOMES _ RESULTS: Results indicated that @entity1 with @entity135 had a greater reduction in both speech intelligibility and in almost all aspects of speech when compared with the normal population. Results further demonstrated that the site of the @entity5 dictated the type of impairment experienced with respect to speech function. Not all motor speech characteristics correlated with overall speech intelligibility and, lastly, self-report and clinical assessment were significantly correlated with respect to motor speech characteristics, but they differed slightly in the assessment of speech intelligibility. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study has highlighted the critical importance of collecting baseline measures and reporting functional results according to the @entity5 site in future research. It has also shown the usefulness of the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment as a practicable, valid and reliable protocol of motor speech assessment for the @entity135 population.

title: Evaluation of speech in @entity1 with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'cancer of the head and neck']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['larynx and tongue']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Signaling by @entity842 (NO) and @entity6708 ( @entity6708 ) modulates fluid transport in @entity238 . Expression of an inducible transgene encoding @entity238 @entity67241 ( @entity67241 ) increases both @entity67241 activity in Malpighian (renal) tubules and @entity67241 protein in both @entity196 (stellate) cells. However, @entity6708 content is increased only in principal cells. @entity67241 overexpression results in elevated basal rates of fluid transport in the presence of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, @entity10987 . Direct assay of tubule @entity6708 -hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (cG-PDE) activity in wild-type and @entity67241 transgenic lines shows that cG-PDE activity is Zaprinast sensitive and is elevated upon @entity67241 induction. Zaprinast treatment increases @entity6708 content in tubules, particularly at the apical regions of principal cells, suggesting localization of Zaprinast-sensitive cG-PDE to these areas. Potential cross talk between activated NO/ @entity6708 and @entity460 signaling was assessed in vivo with a targeted aequorin transgene. Activated @entity67241 signaling alone does not modify either neuropeptide ( @entity49899 )- or @entity6708 -induced increases in cytosolic @entity460 levels. However, in the presence of Zaprinast, both @entity49899 -and @entity6708 -stimulated @entity460 levels are potentiated upon @entity67241 overexpression. Use of the @entity460 channel blocker, @entity1855 , abolishes the Zaprinast-induced transport phenotype in @entity67241 -overexpressing tubules. Molecular genetic intervention in the NO/ @entity6708 signaling pathway has uncovered a pivotal role for cell-specific cG-PDE in regulating the poise of the fluid transporting Malpighian tubule via direct effects on intracellular @entity6708 concentration and localization and via interactions with @entity460 signaling mechanisms.

title: Interactions between epithelial @entity842 signaling and phosphodiesterase activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6708 :: ('CHEBI:16356', 'Chemical') :: ['cGMP', "guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity10987 :: ('MESH:C011145', 'Chemical') :: ['Zaprinast']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['type I (principal) and type II']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: This retrospective study was designed to compare the cost of anesthesia in three different groups of @entity1 who received general anesthesia for a diagnostic dilatation and curettage procedure. The analysis included 194 @entity1 , ASA physical status I, II, or III. All @entity1 were outpatients with similar body mass index and age. The three groups were thiopental/ @entity5161 (n = 13), @entity1875 / @entity5161 (n = 126), and @entity1875 / @entity10233 (n = 55). Anesthesia drugs, volatile agents, personnel costs, and type of providers were included in the cost comparison. The cost of supplies, inhalation agents, and drugs for the thiopental/ @entity5161 group were significantly different (P < .001) than the other two groups. The mean +/- SD thiopental/ @entity5161 combination was  7.00 +/-  2.74, whereas, the mean +/- SD cost of the @entity1875 / @entity5161 and @entity1875 / @entity10233 groups was  12.73 +/-  3.57 and  14.40 +/-  5.05, respectively. The mean +/- SD cost of all three anesthetic drugs/volatile agents/endotracheal tube groups was  12.85 +/-  4.35. No statistically significant differences between the three groups were found in postanesthesia care unit (PACU) drug costs, anesthesia personnel cost, total direct anesthesia costs, or length of stay. The incidence of antiemetic administration intraoperatively and in PACU was significantly different (P < .001) between the thiopental/ @entity5161 group and the other groups. The thiopental/ @entity5161 group did not receive any antiemetics in either area, whereas the @entity1875 groups received antiemetics 12.7% of the time. The three anesthesia providers, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNA), and anesthesia residents were reviewed looking at anesthesia supply cost, personnel cost, and total direct anesthesia costs. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups. We conclude that an anesthetic using thiopental/ @entity5161 is more cost-effective than @entity1875 / @entity10233 or @entity1875 / @entity5161 anesthetics and the postoperative length of stay is no different for the three anesthetic approaches.

title: Study of direct variable anesthesia costs in the dilatation and curettage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']