abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinico-pathological characteristics of @entity8 associated with stones were retrospectively analyzed. AIMS: The main objective was to define the biological behavior and prognostic factors for these @entity5 . SETTINGS _ DESIGN: The @entity5 were classified according to the pathological types. The clinical data, imaging features and pathological features were analyzed with relation to prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen cases of @entity5 associated with stone disease were retrospectively studied. The institute review board permitted the study. RESULTS: High incidence (15/18) of @entity957 ( @entity957 ) was noted. The prognosis in this group of @entity1 was uniformly poor. The median survival time was 3.6 months in the @entity957 group, 7.5 months in the @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) group and 24 months in the @entity420 ( @entity420 ) group. @entity166 were noted in the majority of the @entity1 . Preoperative Imaging techniques revealed @entity5 in only 2 cases. Both underwent radical extirpation and the median survival is 18 months till date. In the other 16 @entity1 , where the initial diagnosis was made only on histological analysis of incomplete nephrectomy specimens, the survival was 3.56 months. All @entity1 had prolonged history of staghorn stone disease with associated @entity8 . We found that the main prognostic factor was the stage of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Malignancies associated with stone disease have insidious onset of clinical symptoms and need a high degree of suspicion to identify them pre-operatively. The grave prognosis associated with incomplete excision makes it imperative to diagnose them earlier.

title: Stones associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic malignancies', 'non-functioning kidney']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious and systemic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional Cell Carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'AC']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic malignancies']


abstract: PURPOSE: Design, realization, scan, and characterization of a phantom for PET Automatic Segmentation (PET- @entity5427 ) assessment are presented. Radioactive zeolites immersed in a radioactive heterogeneous background simulate realistic wall-less lesions with known irregular shape and known homogeneous or heterogeneous internal activity. METHOD: Three different @entity10091 families were evaluated in terms of radioactive uptake homogeneity, necessary to define activity and contour ground truth. @entity75 were simulated by the perfect matching of two portions of a broken @entity10091 , soaked in two different @entity419 radioactive solutions. Heterogeneous backgrounds were obtained with tissue paper balls and sponge pieces immersed into radioactive solutions. RESULTS: Natural clinoptilolite proved to be the most suitable @entity10091 for the construction of artificial objects mimicking homogeneous and heterogeneous uptakes in @entity419 PET lesions. Heterogeneous backgrounds showed a coefficient of variation equal to 269% and 443% of a uniform radioactive solution. Assembled phantom included eight lesions with volumes ranging from 1.86 to 7.24 ml and lesion to background contrasts ranging from 4.8:1 to 21.7:1. CONCLUSIONS: A novel phantom for the evaluation of PET- @entity5427 algorithms was developed. It is provided with both reference contours and activity ground truth, and it covers a wide range of volumes and lesion to background contrasts. The dataset is open to the community of PET- @entity5427 developers and utilizers.

title: Technical Note: A new XXXX PET phantom to test segmentation algorithms on heterogeneous activity distributions featured with ground-truth contours.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Heterogeneous lesions']

answer: @entity10091 :: (MESH:D017641,Chemical) :: ['zeolite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify @entity1 at risk for postoperative morbidities, we evaluated indications and factors associated with 30-day readmission after @entity43 surgery. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing primary surgery for @entity43 between January 2, 2003, and December 29, 2008, were evaluated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were fit to identify factors associated with 30-day readmission. A parsimonious multivariable model was identified using backward and stepwise variable selection. RESULTS: In total, 324 (60.2%) @entity1 were stage III and 91 (16.9%) were stage IV. Of all 538 eligible @entity1 , 104 (19.3%) were readmitted within 30 days. Cytoreduction to no @entity66 was achieved in 300 (55.8%) @entity1 , and 167 (31.0%) had measurable disease ( <=1 cm @entity66 ). The most common indications for readmission were @entity281 ( @entity281 ; 21.2%), @entity1143 (14.4%), and @entity1031 events (12.5%). Multivariate analysis identified American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or higher (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-2.89; P = 0.007), ascites [1.76 (1.11-2.81); P = 0.02], and @entity260 during initial admission [grade 3-5 vs none, 2.47 (1.19-5.16); grade 1 vs none, 2.19 (0.98-4.85); grade 2 vs none, 1.28 (0.74-2.21); P = 0.048] to be independently associated with 30-day readmission (c-index = 0.625). @entity1030 was the sole predictor of readmission for @entity281 (odds ratio, 3.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-4.33; P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Clinically significant risk factors for 30-day readmission include American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3 or higher, @entity260 at initial admission. The @entity281 and @entity1143 are common indications for readmission. Systems can be developed to predict @entity1 needing outpatient management, improve care, and reduce costs.

title: Risk Factors and Indications for 30-Day Readmission After Primary Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions/ascites', 'pleural effusion/ascites management']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['ascites and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Epithelial Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: To take advantage of available expressed sequence tags and genomic sequence, we have developed 64 PCR-based molecular markers in @entity2060 that map to the 17 linkage groups. These markers will allow the rapid association of a candidate gene sequence with previously identified mutations. As proof of principle, we have identified the genes encoded by the ERY1 and ERY2 loci. Mendelian mutations that confer resistance to @entity2929 define three unlinked nuclear loci in @entity2060 . Candidate genes @entity64564 ( @entity64564 ) and L22 ( @entity64565 ) are tightly linked to the ERY1 locus and ERY2 locus, respectively. Genomic DNA for @entity64564 from wild type and five mutant ery1 alleles was amplified and sequenced and three different point mutations were found. Two different @entity2228 residues (G(102) and G(112)) are replaced by @entity2574 and both are in the unstructured region of @entity64564 that lines the peptide exit tunnel of the chloroplast ribosome. The other two alleles change a splice site acceptor site. Genomic DNA for @entity64565 from wild type and three mutant ery2 alleles was amplified and sequenced and revealed three different point mutations. Two alleles have premature stop codons and one allele changes a splice site acceptor site.

title: Molecular markers for rapidly identifying candidate genes in XXXX . Ery1 and ery2 encode chloroplast ribosomal proteins.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2060 :: ('3055', 'Species') :: ['C. reinhardtii', 'Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity2060 :: (3055,Species) :: ['Chlamydomonas reinhardtii']


abstract: Knowledge of the blast phenotype in @entity2590 ( @entity1582 ) would be valuable, as in other @entity5 , but remains sparse. This is mainly because @entity1582 blasts are a minor population in clinical samples, making analysis difficult. Thus, for this blast phenotype study, we prepared blast-rich specimens (using a new density centrifugation reagent for harvesting blasts) from blood and marrow samples of 95 @entity1 with various @entity1582 subtypes and 21 @entity1 with @entity3052 transformed from @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). Flow cytometry revealed that a high proportion of the enriched blast cells (EBCs) from almost all @entity1 showed an immunophenotype of committed myeloid precursors ( @entity2280 (+) @entity3053 (+)HLA-DR(+) @entity10793 (+) @entity1116 (+)), regardless of the disease subtype. The cytochemical reaction for myeloperoxidase was negative in 58% of the cases. Thus, the EBC phenotype is more immature in @entity1582 than in de novo @entity3052 . @entity1582 EBCs often coexpressed stem cell antigens and late-stage myeloid antigens asynchronously, but rarely expressed T- and B-lymphoid cell-specific antigens. Markers for myeloid cell maturation ( @entity2282 and @entity5824 ) were more prevalent on EBCs from low-risk @entity1582 ( @entity417 [ @entity417 ] and @entity417 with ringed sideroblasts), whereas markers for myeloid cell immaturity ( @entity4587 and CD117) were more prevalent on EBCs from high-risk @entity1582 ( @entity6130 , @entity417 with excess blasts [RAEB], and RAEB in transformation) and @entity1582 . A shift to a more immature phenotype of EBCs, accompanying disease progression, was also documented by sequential phenotyping of the same @entity1 . Further, @entity4587 positivity of EBCs was an independent variable for a poor prognosis in @entity1582 . These data represent new, valuable information regarding @entity1582 .

title: Clinical significance of phenotypic features of blasts in XXXX with @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['refractory anemia', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is an important public health concern. Our aim was to evaluate the characteristics of @entity712 @entity1 in Galicia, Spain. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study involved 149 primary care physicians and recorded the characteristics of 1195 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity712 . RESULTS: Some 48% of @entity1 were male, and their mean age was 76 years, though @entity1 were older (P<.001). Disease history included @entity101 in 82%, @entity407 in 47%, @entity6 in 31%, @entity955 in 49%, @entity340 in 35%, and @entity741 in 32%. Mean @entity551 were 131 mm Hg and 76 mm Hg, respectively. Pressure was controlled (</= 130/80 mm Hg) in 43% of @entity1 . Overall, 67% underwent echocardiography, of whom 61% had preserved systolic function. Coronary angiography was performed in 47% of @entity1 with @entity741 , more frequently in males than females (P<.001). The most commonly prescribed drugs were diuretics (82%), @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors (48%), angiotensin II receptor antagonists (29%), and beta-blockers (27%). @entity1 with depressed systolic function were more frequently prescribed beta-blockers (P<.001), @entity1289 inhibitors (P<.01), and antialdosterones (P<.05). During the last year, 57% of @entity1 had been admitted to hospital, of whom 45% were admitted for cardiovascular reasons. CONCLUSIONS: The most prevalent form of @entity712 in Galicia was @entity712 with preserved systolic function, which was mostly associated with @entity101 due to poor control. In @entity1 with @entity741 , the use of coronary angiography was influenced by sex. Drug treatment was suboptimal. Intervention programs are required to improve care in these @entity1 .

title: [Galician study of XXXX in primary care (GALICAP Study)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity299 rates are as high as 11-28% after high-risk abdominal procedures. Emerging evidence indicates that postoperative cardiac troponin  T elevations are associated with adverse outcome in non-cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between postoperative high-sensitive cardiac troponin T elevations and @entity299 in @entity1 after major abdominal surgery. METHODS: This prospective observational single-centre cohort study included @entity1 at risk for @entity453 undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. Cardiac troponin was measured before surgery and at day 1, 3, and 7. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the adjusted association for different cut-off concentrations of postoperative @entity296 and non-cardiac outcome. RESULTS: In 203 @entity1 , 690 high-sensitive cardiac troponin  T measurements were performed. Fifty-three @entity1 (26%) had a @entity299 within 30 days after surgery. Hospital mortality was 4% (8/203). An increase in cardiac troponin T concentration >= 100% compared with baseline was a superior independent predictor of non-cardiac postoperative clinical complications (adjusted odds ratio 4.3, 95% confidence interval 1.8-10.1, P<0.001) and was associated with increased length of stay (9 days, 95% confidence interval 7-11 vs 7 days, 95% confidence interval 6-8, P=0.004) and increased hospital mortality (12 vs 2%, P=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: A postoperative high-sensitive cardiac troponin T increase >= 100% is a strong predictor of non-cardiac 30 day complications, increased hospital stay and hospital mortality in @entity1 undergoing major abdominal surgery. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02150486.

title: High-sensitive cardiac troponin T measurements in prediction of XXXX after major abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac complication', 'non-cardiac complications']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['non-cardiac complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity5405 ( @entity5405 ) is a life-threatening oncological emergency, and control of serum @entity414 level (S-UA) is most important. In this single-institution, short-term and pilot prospective study, the efficacy of a new @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor, @entity20082 , as an alternative to conventional @entity208 , including its effects on @entity3625 and @entity3624 , was evaluated in 10 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1583 at intermediate risk for @entity5405 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Febuxostat at 40 mg (n=7) or 60 mg (n=3) daily was administered according to renal function, and induction chemotherapy was started within 24 h. The primary end-point was the reduction of S-UA to  <=7.5 mg/dl by day 5. RESULTS: The median S-UA at base-line was 8.0 mg/dl (range=3.2-10.6 mg/dl). The median S-UA on day 5 after chemotherapy was 3.3 mg/dl (range=1.1-5.8 mg/dl) (p<0.0001, by paired t-test), indicating successful control of S-UA during chemotherapy. All @entity1 achieved S-UA  <=7.5 mg/dl. A simultaneous decrease in serum @entity1011 and increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate were seen. Serum @entity3625 and @entity3624 levels (as the consequence of inhibition of @entity3624 oxidase) were elevated along with the decrease in S-UA. @entity3624 level was elevated higher compared to @entity3625 level and reached the level reported to cause @entity3624 @entity8 , but no advance of @entity8 was observed. Serum febuxostat concentrations at 2 h after administration were 891.8  285.0 ng/ml (mean  SE) for the 40-mg dose and 770.6  242.7 ng/ml for the 60-mg dose (p=0.80, unpaired t-test), showing no accumulation in @entity1 with @entity8 . No febuxostat-related adverse reactions were noted. No @entity1 experienced progressive @entity5405 . CONCLUSION: Febuxostat is promising for the management of @entity5405 of an intermediate-risk @entity1 and further observation and reevaluation regarding @entity3624 @entity8 should be performed.

title: Febuxostat for Management of Tumor Lysis Syndrome Including its Effects on Levels of Purine Metabolites in @entity1 with XXXX - A Single Institution's, Pharmacokinetic and Pilot Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity5405 :: ('MESH:D015275', 'Disease') :: ['TLS', 'Tumor lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['Xanthine', 'xanthine']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['Hematological Malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Bacteria play an essential role in the pathogenesis of @entity2520 . It has been suggested that not all bacteria associated with @entity2521 may be normal inhabitants of a periodontally healthy dentition. In particular, @entity2523 and @entity3841 have been isolated infrequently from subjects without @entity2521 . The aim of the present study was to compare prevalence and proportions of a number of periodontal bacteria in @entity2521 @entity1 and control subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In all, 116 consecutive subjects diagnosed with moderate to severe @entity2521 (mean age 42.4) and 94 subjects without radiographic evidence of @entity604 (mean age 40.4) were recruited for the study. The @entity9566 in the control group varied between @entity2522 and various degrees of @entity2522 . In @entity1 , the deepest pocket in each quadrant was selected for microbiological sampling. In control subjects all mesial and distal sites of all first molars were selected for sampling. All paper points from a @entity1 were pooled and processed for anaerobic cultivation within 6 h after sampling. Clinical variables of sampled sites included bleeding index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. RESULTS: A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity2523 , @entity3288 , @entity3289 , @entity8209 and Peptostreptococcus micros were significantly more often prevalent in @entity1 than in controls. The highest odds ratios were found for @entity2523 and @entity3289 (12.3 and 10.4 resp.). Other odds ratios varied from 3.1 to 7.7 for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. micros, respectively. Absolute numbers of target bacteria were all higher in @entity1 , but only the mean percentage of @entity3289 was significantly higher in @entity1 in comparison to controls (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity2523 , @entity3288 , @entity3289 , @entity8209 and P. micros are all significant markers for @entity2520 in adult subjects. Based on calculated odds ratios, @entity3289 and @entity2523 are the strongest bacterial markers for this disease and are infrequently cultured from subjects without periodontal @entity604 .

title: @entity2523 , XXXX and other putative periodontal pathogens in subjects with and without periodontal destruction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['destructive periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity9566 :: ('MESH:D005882', 'Disease') :: ['gingival condition']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis', 'gingival health']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['B. forsythus', 'Bacteroides forsythus']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity3289 :: (28112,Species) :: ['Bacteroides forsythus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure the frequency of genotypes of the @entity14398 ( @entity9595 ) gene in @entity1 recruited to the west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS), and relate them to the subsequent occurrence of coronary clinical events. DESIGN: Nested case-control study, drawing samples of DNA from the biological bank of a cohort study. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 45-64 years in 1989, with moderate hypercholesterolaemia and no evidence of @entity301 at baseline. INTERVENTIONS: Follow up for a mean period of 4.9 years. Typing for @entity14399 and @entity14397 mutations of the @entity14398 gene in 482 subjects with a subsequent coronary event and 1104 without an event. RESULTS: The @entity14399 mutation was present in 81 of 482 cases (16.8%) and 182 of 1104 controls (16.5%). Comparing the prevalence of gene mutations in the cases and controls, there were no significant differences. The hazard ratio for @entity14399 heterozygotes was 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77 to 1.36) and for @entity14399 / @entity14397 compound heterozygotes 1.04 (95% CI 0.50 to 2.14). Prespecified subgroup analyses of the @entity8673 , placebo, smoking, and non-smoking groups showed no significant differences between cases and controls. Repeating the analyses after adjusting for possible confounding factors produced no change in the results. CONCLUSIONS: In a population of moderately hypercholesterolaemic middle aged Scottish @entity1 who did not have any evidence of @entity301 at baseline, the presence of a @entity14399 mutation in the @entity14398 gene did not predict the occurrence of coronary events over a mean follow up of 4.9 years.

title: XXXX gene mutations and risk of @entity301 : a west of Scotland coronary prevention study (WOSCOPS) substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity14397 :: ('p|SUB|H|63|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H63D']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['haemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Haemochromatosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This meta-analysis aimed to compare outcomes following bile duct reconstruction in @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ) undergoing liver transplantation depending on whether duct-to-duct or Roux-en-Y @entity254 was utilized. An electronic search was performed of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed databases using both subject headings (MeSH) and truncated @entity5545 . Pooled risk ratios and mean difference were calculated using the fixed-effects and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Ten studies including 910 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. There was no difference in the overall incidence of biliary strictures between the two groups [odds ratio (OR) 1.06 (0.68, 1.66); (P  =  0.80)]. The anastomotic stricture rate was similar, [OR 1.18 (0.56, 2.50); (P  =  0.67)]. Ascending @entity255 was higher in the Roux-en-Y group [OR 2.91 (1.17, 7.23); (P  =  0.02)]. Anastomotic bile leak rates, graft survival, @entity991 recurrence and number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity201 following transplantation were comparable between both groups. Duct-to-duct and Roux-en-Y reconstruction had comparable outcomes. Both techniques are associated with similar incidence of @entity253 . The bilioenteric reconstruction was associated with a higher risk of @entity255 . The incidence of de novo @entity201 was similar in both groups. Duct-to-duct reconstruction should be considered when feasible in @entity1 with @entity991 .

title: Meta-analysis of Duct-to-duct versus Roux-en-Y biliary reconstruction following liver transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['word searches']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in a number of @entity5 including @entity14 . @entity9951 belongs to miR-30 family, and is involved in a variety of @entity5 . In this study, we detected the expression of @entity9951 in @entity694 cell lines and clinical @entity694 specimens. @entity9951 was shown to be dramatically down-regulated both in cell lines and @entity5 tissues. Additionally, @entity9951 could inhibit @entity5 cell growth, @entity4222 and invasion in vitro. Consistently, stable over-expression of @entity9951 inhibited the growth and lung metastasis of @entity694 cell xenografts in vivo. Furthermore, bioinformatics algorithm and luciferase reporter assay indicated @entity7715 as a direct target of @entity9951 . Of interest, further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of @entity7715 by @entity9951 partially mediated the anti- @entity5 effect of @entity9951 . Overall, our study provides the new insight that @entity9951 inhibited @entity694 cells via targeting @entity7715 . Thus, @entity9951 might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for @entity694 treatment.

title: Role of microRNA-30c Targeting @entity7715 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: To explore @entity334 ( @entity2830 )-induced DNA strand breakage and sex chromosome aneuploidy in @entity1 spermatozoa, semen parameters were examined among 30 @entity334 -exposed workers according to WHO laboratory manual for the examination of @entity1 sperm. DNA strand breakage of sperm cells was investigated among 30 @entity2830 -exposed workers using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). The frequency of sex chromosome aneuploidy in sperm cells was analyzed among nine @entity2830 -exposed workers using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The geometrical mean of sperm density was 75 x 10(6)ml(-1) in exposure group, significantly lower than 140 x 10(6)ml(-1) in the control. The geometrical mean of sperm number per ejaculum was 205 x 10(6) in exposure group, significantly lower than 280 x 10(6) in the control. The rates of comet sperm nuclei were 28.7% in exposure group, significantly higher than 15.0% in the control. Mean tail length was 9.8 microm in exposure group, longer than 4.3 microm in the control. The frequency of sex chromosome disomy was 0.69% in exposure group, significantly higher than 0.35% in the control. XY-bearing sperm was the most common sex chromosome disomy, with an average rate of 0.37% in exposure group, and 0.20% in the control. XX- and YY-bearing sperm accounted for an additional 0.09 and 0.23% in exposure group, and 0.05 and 0.10% in the control. The results indicate that @entity2830 affect semen quality among @entity2830 -exposed workers. @entity2830 or its metabolites could induce reproductive defects as an in vivo multipotent genotoxic agent by inducing DNA strand breakage and sex chromosome non-disjunction in spermatogenesis.

title: Exposure to @entity334 induced DNA strand breakage and sex chromosome aneuploidy in XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity334 :: ('MESH:D000181', 'Chemical') :: ['acrylonitrile']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Oral phosphosoda is increasingly being used as a bowel preparation for colonoscopy, as it requires that a much smaller volume be ingested and is equally effective and less costly than @entity968 -based electrolyte solutions. Oral phosphosoda has a good safety record, but complications of its use may occur. We describe a @entity1 who died as a result of severe @entity2265 after an oral phosphosoda bowel preparation. A 55-year-old @entity1 was admitted with @entity548 , @entity490 , and @entity391 . He had a history of @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity454 and had successful renal transplant 3 years prior. His initial serum @entity1011 , @entity460 , @entity1391 , and electrolyte levels were normal. He vomited after @entity968 -based electrolyte solution, and an alternate bowel preparation with oral phosphosoda was recommended. He received 90 mL of oral phosphosoda as a single dose. Six hours later, he had @entity1167 and was found to have @entity2265 (serum @entity1391 , 17.8 mg/dL), a high anion gap @entity520 , @entity519 , and @entity177 . Resuscitation was unsuccessful. Autopsy showed @entity63 . We conclude that bowel preparation with phosphosoda may be associated with severe complications and should be avoided if there is any suggestion of @entity8 or poor gut motility.

title: XXXX from a phosphosoda bowel preparation.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2265 :: (MESH:D054559,Disease) :: ['Fatal hyperphosphatemia']


abstract: AIM: To better understand the associations between changes in self-management behaviours and glycaemic control. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of 295 adult @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 evaluated at baseline, 6 and 12  months. Four self-management behaviours were evaluated using the Summary of @entity6 Self-Care Activities instrument, which assesses healthy diet, physical activity, medication taking and self-monitoring of blood glucose. Using hierarchical linear regression models, we tested whether changes in self-management behaviours were associated with short-term (6-month) or long-term (12-month) changes in glycaemic control, after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS: Improved diet was associated with a decrease in HbA1c level, both at 6 and 12  months. Improved medication taking was associated with short-term improvement in glycaemic control, while increased self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency was associated with a 12-month improvement in HbA1c . Completely stopping exercise after being physically active at baseline was associated with a rise in @entity4051 c level at 6-month follow-up. Interaction analysis indicated that a healthy diet benefitted all @entity1 subgroups, but that medication taking was associated with glycaemic control only for @entity1 living in poverty and more strongly for those with lower educational levels. Finally, a higher self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency was associated with better glycaemic control only in insulin-treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Even after adjusting for potential confounders (including baseline HbA1c ), increased frequency of healthy diet, medication taking and self-monitoring of blood glucose were associated with improved HbA1c levels. These self-management behaviours should be regularly monitored to identify @entity1 at risk of deterioration in glycaemic control. Barriers to optimum self-management should be removed, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations.

title: Glycaemic control and self-management behaviours in XXXX 2 @entity6 : results from a 1-year longitudinal cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['Type']


abstract: SETTING: Three US referral hospitals. OBJECTIVE: Determine the population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of @entity8295 ( @entity20292 ) following multiple oral doses. DESIGN: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) participated. @entity1 received multiple oral doses of @entity20292 as part of their treatment. They also received other anti- @entity378 medications based upon in vitro susceptibility data. Serum samples were collected over 12 h post-dose, and concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay. Concentration-time data were analyzed using population methods. RESULTS: @entity20292 areas under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUCs) increased linearly with increasing oral doses from 250 to 1000 mg. Compared to the population pattern, delayed absorption was seen at least once in 15% of @entity1 . @entity20292 PK parameter estimates were independent of age, weight, height, gender, and @entity1011 clearance. @entity378 @entity1 appeared to have larger volumes of distribution (3.22 l/kg) and clearance values (1.88 l/h/kg) compared to previously studied healthy volunteers. This resulted in lower AUC values (3.95 mcg h/ml) in the @entity378 @entity1 . @entity20292 displayed a short elimination half-life (1.94 h). The effect of different dosing strategies on calculated pharmacodynamic parameters was explored. Simulated doses of 250 mg BID to TID failed to achieve serum concentrations above the MIC. CONCLUSION: @entity20292 PK parameters differed between @entity378 @entity1 and healthy volunteers, possibly due to differences in the completeness of absorption. Doses of at least 500 mg appear to be required to achieve serum concentrations above the typical @entity20292 MIC. Additional research is needed to determine the optimal dosing of @entity20292 .

title: Population pharmacokinetics of @entity8295 in XXXX with @entity378 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8295 :: ('MESH:D005000', 'Chemical') :: ['ethionamide']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of perioperative @entity583 (PMI). DESIGN: The authors retrospectively analyzed PMI characteristics in @entity1 undergoing noncardiac surgery and identified risk factors for @entity204 . SETTING: An affiliated teaching hospital with about 1500 beds. @entity1 : The authors screened electronic medical records and retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 117,856 @entity1 who underwent noncardiac surgery during the period from August 2003 through June 2011. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were divided into two groups based on survival at 30 days after PMI. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PMI was reported in 61 @entity1 , for an overall incidence rate of 5.2 per 10,000. PMI incidence increased significantly with age, with a rate of 0.97 per 10,000 for the 45- to 60-year-old group, and increasing to a rate of 40.4 per 10,000 for the>75-year-old group (p<0.001). The mortality rate of non-PMI @entity1 (n = 117,795) was 0.32%, whereas the mortality rate for the 61 PMI @entity1 was 36.1% (p<0.001). PMI occurred acutely (within 48 to 72 hours of surgery) in the majority of @entity1 (78.7%), and only 18% of these @entity1 complained of @entity662 . The majority of @entity1 who suffered PMI had non-ST segment elevation acute @entity583 (78.7%). By multiple logistic regression analysis, lack of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy and @entity1455 were independent risk factors for @entity204 in PMI @entity1 (p = 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS: PMI incidence increased significantly with advanced age. PMI increased mortality following non-cardiac surgery. The independent risk factors for @entity204 in PMI @entity1 following noncardiac surgery were lack of anticoagulation/antiplatelet therapy and @entity1455 .

title: Perioperative acute XXXX increases mortality following noncardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High-dose therapy (HDT) for @entity151 is experimental. Late intensification HDT for chemosensitive disease can increase the number and quality of remissions and prolong relapse-free survival, but has not yet shown impact on overall survival. This is possibly due to resistant residual disease. To overcome the development of resistance, we have tested early intensification tandem HDT. METHODS: We performed a phase-I/II trial using 1 conventional cycle of @entity1260 , @entity3003 , @entity2879 (ICE) plus @entity1261 for stem cell recruitment followed by 2 cycles of high-dose ICE with rescue by @entity2280 + cell-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Dose escalation was performed for the 2 high-dose ICE cycles. Radiotherapy for limited disease was according to standard protocols. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 were entered: 2 female @entity1 ; 15 male @entity1 ; median age 53 (range 36-65) years; 2 @entity1 with limited disease, and 15 @entity1 with @entity66 . We treated 4 @entity1 at dose level 1, 11 @entity1 at level 2, and 2 @entity1 at level 3. The maximum tolerable dose was at level 2 with @entity16 being dose-limiting. Overall, @entity137 was < or = grade 2 for all @entity1 up to dose level 2 with hematotoxicity being grade 4 for all @entity1 . There were 15 partial remissions (88%), 1 no change (6%), and 1 progressive disease (6%). Median time to progression was 7.9 months. Overall survival was 12.9 months (median). CONCLUSIONS: Early intensification with this protocol is feasible. Although a comparatively good response rate and median time to progression have been observed in this group dominated by @entity1 with @entity66 , overall survival is short and no substantial long-term survival was found.

title: Early tandem high-dose @entity1260 , @entity3003 , XXXX therapy with stem cell rescue for @entity151 : brief report on the results of a phase-I/II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Single-dose preoperative stereotactic body radiotherapy is a novel radiotherapy technique for the @entity0 , and the treatment response pattern of this technique needs to be investigated on a quantitative basis. In this work, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were used to study the treatment response pattern in a unique cohort of @entity1 with @entity0 treated with preoperative radiation. Fifteen female qualified @entity1 received single-dose preoperative radiotherapy with 1 of the 3 prescription doses: 15 Gy, 18 Gy, and 21 Gy. Magnetic resonance imaging scans including both diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging were acquired before radiotherapy for planning and after radiotherapy but before surgical resection. In diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the regional averaged apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated. In dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative parameters K (trans) and v e were evaluated using the standard Tofts model based on the average contrast agent concentration within the region of interest, and the semiquantitative initial area under the concentration curve (iAUC6min) was also recorded. These parameters' relative changes after radiotherapy were calculated for gross @entity5 volume, clinical target volume, and planning target volume. The initial results showed that after radiotherapy, initial area under the concentration curve significantly increased in planning target volume (P < .006) and clinical target volume (P < .006), and v e significantly increased in planning target volume (P < .05) and clinical target volume (P < .05). Statistical studies suggested that linear correlations between treatment dose and the observed parameter changes exist in most examined tests, and among these tests, the change in gross @entity5 volume regional averaged apparent diffusion coefficient (P < .012) and between treatment dose and planning target volume K (trans) (P < .029) were found to be statistically significant. Although it is still preliminary, this pilot study may be useful to provide insights for future works.

title: Assessment of Treatment Response With Diffusion-Weighted MRI and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in XXXX With Early-Stage Breast Cancer Treated With Single-Dose Preoperative Radiotherapy: Initial Results.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke has been reported to be a risk factor for childhood @entity2172 . The effect of parental smoking on the risk of @entity2172 after the insertion of tympanostomy tubes is unknown. We evaluated the effect of parental smoking on the risk of recurrent @entity2172 in @entity1 who had received tympanostomy tubes. METHODS: We enrolled 217 @entity1 aged 1-4 years who underwent insertion of tympanostomy tubes because of @entity2172 . The @entity1 were followed-up for 12 months. Otitis @entity2172 episodes were recorded in @entity1 diaries by primary care physicians. Parental smoking habits were assessed by a questionnaire at the start of the trial and after the 12 month follow-up had ended. The main outcome measure was risk of recurrent @entity2172 as defined by four or more @entity2172 episodes after tympanostomy. Altogether 198 @entity1 completed the follow-up. RESULTS: Maternal smoking was associated with a highly increased risk of recurrent @entity697 (OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.45-11.9) after the insertion of tympanostomy tubes. CONCLUSION: Exposure to passive smoking is associated with four-fold risk of recurrent @entity2172 after tympanostomy. This finding should be used to encourage parents to stop smoking even after the insertion of tympanostomy tubes to their @entity1 .

title: Passive smoking after tympanostomy and risk of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['media', 'otitis media', 'middle ear disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute otitis media']


abstract: @entity22148 is an @entity74 with variable clinical expression. It is characterized by cutaneous manifestations, @entity703 and @entity358 . Other @entity5 , such as @entity5 and @entity5 originating from the neural crest cells such as @entity1653 and @entity28045 have also been described. This syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the @entity35263 ( @entity35263 ) gene located on chromosome 17p. We report, for the first time, a @entity1 with BHDS and a history of a @entity5513 in adolescence. The diagnosis of BHDS was confirmed, by identifying a nonsense mutation in exon 10 of the @entity35263 gene. @entity5513 also originates from neural crest cells, just as other @entity5 , previously encountered in @entity1 with BHDS. The reported mutations cause a truncation of the protein, @entity35263 . The exact role of @entity35263 is still undetermined. Two different theories suggest the effect of tumorigenesis. One is that @entity35263 plays an important role in the AMPK-mTOR pathway which leads to proliferation of cells when activated. The other is that the @entity35263 acts as a possible @entity5 suppressor gene, since there is a high frequency of second hits in the @entity35263 -gene. In order to confirm a possible relation of @entity6648 , further research is necessary in the tumorigenesis of the @entity35263 gene.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity22148 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['A vestibular schwannoma', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity22148 :: ('MESH:D058249', 'Disease') :: ['Birt-Hogg Dub   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity28045 :: ('MESH:D018321', 'Disease') :: ['neurothekeoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'neural tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung cysts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity6648 :: ('MESH:C536408', 'Disease') :: ['BHDS and neural crest tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['A vestibular schwannoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined which occupations and industries are currently at high risk for @entity150 in @entity1 . METHODS: We combined data from 11 case-control studies conducted between 1976-1996 in six European countries. The study comprised 3346 incident cases and 6840 controls, aged 30-79 years. Lifetime occupational and smoking histories were examined using common coding. RESULTS: Odds ratios for eight a priori defined high-risk occupations were low, and with the exception of metal workers and machinists (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02-1.32), were not statistically significant. Higher risks were observed for specific categories of painters, metal, textile and electrical workers, for miners, transport operators, excavating-machine operators, and also for non-industrial workers such as concierges and janitors. Industries entailing a high risk included salt mining, manufacture of carpets, paints, plastics and industrial chemicals. An increased risk was found for exposure to @entity2556 (OR for highest exposure tertile = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.07-1.4). The risk attributable to occupation ranged from 4.2 to 7.4%, with an estimated 4.3% for exposure to @entity2556 . CONCLUSIONS: Metal workers, machinists, transport equipment operators and miners are among the major occupations contributing to occupational @entity150 in @entity1 in Western Europe. In this population one in 10 to one in 20 @entity5 of the bladder can be attributed to occupation.

title: Occupation and XXXX among @entity1 in Western Europe.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: One of the risk factors for poor adult health may be adolescent antisocial behavior, especially in @entity1 . This study was conducted to determine if negative young adult health outcomes in @entity1 who previously had adolescent antisocial behavior could be explained by demographic factors and pre-existing health problems. METHODS: This 3-year longitudinal study recruited 93 @entity1 , ages 15-17 years (52 with @entity9054 [ @entity9054 ]; 41 with no @entity146 [normal controls; NC]) from the community. Baseline interviews of @entity1 and parents collected demographic, @entity146 , and medical history data. Three annual interviews collected data about medical problems, health care service utilization, and reproductive health. In addition, the final follow-up included a standardized self-report questionnaire about young adult health status. RESULTS: @entity9054 and NC groups did not differ in age, racial composition, social class, proportion of smokers, or drug and @entity167 experimentation. They were qualitatively different in baseline medical histories. Controlling for age at follow-up and baseline medical problems, the @entity9054 group as young adults had worse overall health, more discomfort, higher rates of unhealthy habits, lower rates of healthy behaviors, and more pregnancies at earlier ages. There were no group differences in rates of disorders, @entity130 , or health care usage. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescent @entity1 with @entity9054 as young adults have poorer overall health, more discomfort, more health risk behaviors, and earlier onset of adult reproductive behaviors, even when controlling for demographic factors and pre-existing health history. Clinical and research implications are discussed.

title: XXXX : health status in young adulthood.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity9054 :: (MESH:D019955,Disease) :: ['Female conduct disorder']


abstract: Metallothionein (MT), a low-molecular-weight protein with high @entity462 content, seems to be related to neoplastic resistance to oncologic treatment and therefore has been studied as a prognostic factor for a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . MT overexpression in neoplasms of ectodermal origin is usually associated with a poor prognosis. MT expression was evaluated in 60 samples of @entity957 by immunohistochemistry to study its prognostic influence on @entity5 . Possible associations of MT immunoexpression were also investigated with respect to clinical stage ( @entity2802 ), histological grading, and proliferation index (Ki-67) of the lesions. No significant statistical correlation was observed among these variables. The impact on overall survival was assessed by uni and multivariate statistical tests. Mean MT labeling index was 60%. High MT labeling indexes (over 76%) predicted shorter survival in univariate statistical analysis. In multivariate analysis, MT labeling index and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors. MT overexpression in @entity957 seems to be related to a worse prognosis for @entity1 .

title: Prognostic impact of metallothionein on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: The study aimed to describe the epidemiology of @entity6 in minority @entity1 residing in Chicago, IL, USA, and to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of those with @entity164 1 to those with youth-onset @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Medical records were obtained on 735 insulin-treated African-American and Latino @entity1 aged 0-17 years at onset, and diagnosed between 1985 and 1994; 195 of the @entity1 were interviewed. Subjects were presumed to have @entity164 2 @entity6 if they fitted specific criteria. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted and Poisson regression was used to analyze time trends. RESULTS: Ten-year average annual incidence of childhood @entity6 for African-Americans [15.2/10(5), 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.5, 17.0] was significantly higher than for Latinos (10.7/10(5), 95% CI: 9.1, 12.6). The average annual incidence was 10.3/10(5) population for @entity164 1 and 3.2/10(5) for those with presumed @entity164 2 @entity6 . Most @entity1 (99.6% of @entity164 1, 94.1% of @entity164 2) exhibited more than one of the classic onset symptoms of @entity164 1 @entity6 . Mean age at diagnosis was older, 13.1 versus 10.5 years, and there were more females, 62.4%, versus 49.8%, among the @entity164 2 @entity1 ; ethnicity was not an important distinguishing factor. CONCLUSION: The risk of childhood @entity6 increased among African-Americans and Latinos between 1985 and 1994, driven by an increase in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . This is likely related both to an increase in risk factors, i.e. @entity28 , and to changes in diagnostic practice.

title: Incidence and onset features of XXXX in African-American and Latino @entity1 in Chicago, 1985-1994.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The morphological features of polyoma @entity1800 (PVDz) in 571 concurrent urine and biopsy samples from 413 @entity1 are described. In 54 @entity1 was found in both biopsy and urine samples. Histologically, PV presented as: (a) mild, viral cytopathic/cytolytic changes, with absent or minimal @entity32 involving isolated tubules; (b) moderate and severe, cytopathic/cytolytic changes associated with patchy or diffuse tubulo-interstitial @entity32 and @entity194 ; (c) advanced, graft @entity1463 with rare or absent viral cytopathic changes, indistinguishable from chronic allograft @entity8 . Histological progression from mild to moderate or severe disease was seen in 28 @entity1 . The mean post-transplantation time at diagnosis was similar in @entity1 with mild or moderate-severe renal involvement (1.05 and 1.3 years, respectively). All @entity1 presented with similarly increased values of serum @entity1011 (mean 1.35 mg/dL). There was strong correlation between the number of PV infected cells in urine and the concurrent biopsies (p = 0.0001). In 13 @entity1 was found only in urine; of these, two developed PVDz later. The positive predictive value of a positive urine was 90%, the negative predictive value of a negative urine was 99% and the accuracy of the test was 97%. We conclude that urine cytology is useful to evaluate renal transplant @entity1 with PV reactivation because sloughed tubular cells are found in urine and positive urine samples are a consistent manifestation of PV renal involvement.

title: Morphological spectrum of polyoma XXXX in renal allografts: diagnostic accuracy of urine cytology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients PV', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['virus disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['virus disease']


abstract: This study assessed the ability of recombinant @entity1 @entity6826 (rHuSCF) to mobilize stem cells in 44 @entity1 who had failed a prior mobilization ( @entity2280 (+) yield 0.5-1.9 x 10(6)/kg BW) with filgrastim-alone or chemotherapy-plus-filgrastim. The same mobilization regimen was used with the addition of rHuSCF. In the filgrastim-alone group (n=13), rHuSCF 20 microg/kg was started 3 days before filgrastim and continued for the duration of filgrastim. In the chemotherapy-plus-filgrastim group (n=31), rHuSCF 20 microg/kg/day plus filgrastim 5-10 microg/kg/day were administered concurrently. Leukaphereses were continued to a maximum of four procedures or a target of >or=3 x 10(6) @entity2280 (+) cells/kg. In both groups, @entity2280 (+) yield (x 10(6)/kg BW) of the study mobilization was higher than that of the prior mobilization (median: 2.42 vs 0.84 P=0.002 and 1.64 vs 0.99 P=<0.001, respectively). In all 54 and 45% of @entity1 in the filgrastim-alone group and chemotherapy-plus-filgrastim group, respectively, reached the threshold yield of 2 x 10(6)/kg. The probability of a successful mobilization was the same in those with a @entity2280 + yield of 0.5-0.75 x 10(6)/kg BW in the prior mobilization as in those with 0.76-1.99 x 10(6)/kg BW. Downmodulation of @entity2467 expression and a lower percentage of @entity5399 positivity in the mobilized @entity2280 (+) cells were noted in the successful mobilizers compared with those in the poor mobilizers. This study shows that rhuSCF is effective in approximately half the @entity1 who had failed a prior mobilization and allows them to proceed to transplant. It also points to the likely role of the @entity6826 / @entity6826 pair in mobilization.

title: Successful mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells after addition of ancestim ( XXXX ) in @entity1 who had failed a prior mobilization with filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) alone or with chemotherapy plus filgrastim.

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['SCF', 'c-kit ligand', 'stem cell factor']

answer: @entity6826 :: (4254,Gene) :: ['stem cell factor']


abstract: This report describes 156 consecutive @entity1 treated with @entity653 -preserved allograft skin (GPA) in the Beverwijk Burn Centre between January 1996 and July 2001. @entity1 with burn and @entity75 are included. Age varied from 7 months to 90.7 years. Four different procedures have been identified: (1) sandwich grafting technique; (2) treatment of @entity121 with GPA as a membranous dressing; (3) improvement of wound condition; (4) scar release: a temporary coverage of release incisions with allograft skin to improve the wound bed and to benefit further relaxation of the wound primary to autografting. The main points of interest in this inventory are the results of treatment, the aetiology and the extent of the wounds treated with GPA, the day post injury the GPA treatment was started, the duration of the treatment, the number of allograft applications, the occurrence of wound @entity281 and wound treatment before GPA application. Concerning the scar release an inventory was made of the anatomic sites that were involved. Sandwich grafting, which is the treatment of choice at this centre for extensive, full-thickness @entity130 , was performed on 129 wounds. The average burn size in all 70 @entity1 treated was 35.6% TBSA with 26.9% full thickness. In all cases meshed GPA was used. Partial or complete healing was achieved in 57.6% of wounds. In the treatment of @entity121 , non-meshed GPA was used in all 57 cases. Complete healing without further treatment was achieved in 45.6% of the cases. Excision and autologous skin grafting was needed in 26.3% of the cases. Meshed GPA was used to improve the condition of 88 non-healing wounds. Spontaneous healing was promoted in 13.6% of the wounds, and the wound bed was successfully prepared for autografting in 39.8% of the cases. In all 52 scar releases a viable wound bed was obtained prior to autografting. Autologous graft take was 100% and no autologous re-grafting was necessary. Allografts in the popliteal space were changed most frequently.

title: The use of XXXX -preserved allografts in the Beverwijk Burn Centre: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['non-burn lesions']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['partial-thickness burns']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between pathologically diagnosed @entity8052 and risk of major morbidity in a subsequent pregnancy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed @entity8052 in an index pregnancy who returned with a subsequent pregnancy at our @entity4207 center from 2007 to 2015. Subsequent delivery outcomes included minor, major, or no morbidity. Minor morbidity included estimated @entity190 500-1,500 cc for vaginal and 1,000-1,500 cc for cesarean delivery, transfusion of one to three units of red cells, and minor surgical procedures. Major morbidity included estimated @entity190 greater than 1,500 cc, transfusion of greater than three units of red cells, uterine artery embolization, unplanned laparotomy, or hysterectomy. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-nine @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed accreta did not undergo hysterectomy, and 39 (11.5%) of these returned for subsequent delivery. Of these, 14 (36%) had accretas that had been identified clinically in the index pregnancy. Twenty-one (54%) experienced morbidity in the index pregnancy, 16 of these (76%) minor and five (24%) major. Of @entity1 without morbidity in the first pregnancy, none experienced major morbidity in a subsequent pregnancy, whereas 6 of 21 (29%) with any index morbidity had a subsequent major morbid outcome (P=.02). Of those with a morbid index delivery, 25% had either a clinical or pathologic accreta diagnosis at follow-up compared with none of those who index accreta was nonmorbid (P=.05). CONCLUSION: Risk for major @entity548 after a prior pathologically diagnosed accreta depends on the clinical context. Preparation for major @entity190 is indicated after any prior pregnancy complicated by @entity548 or treatment of retained placenta with a pathologic accreta.

title: Pathologically Diagnosed Placenta Accreta and XXXX Morbidity in a Subsequent Pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic morbidity', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta accreta']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhagic']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The region in tendons that surrounds bone extremities adapts to compression forces, developing a fibrocartilaginous structure. During maturation, changes occur in the amount and organization of macromolecules of the extracellular matrix of tendons, changing the tissue morphology. To study the effect of maturation on tendons, Pedr  s @entity1573 were sacrificed at 1, 5, and 8 months old and had the calcaneal tendon (CT) divided into proximal region, submitted to tension/compression forces (p), and distal region submitted to tension force (d). Morphological analysis of the p region showed the presence of fibrocartilage in all ages. In the central part of the fibrocartilage, near a diminishment of the metachromasy, there was also a development of a probable fat pad that increased with the maturation. The activity of @entity47003 and @entity47004 was higher at 5 and 8 months old, in both regions, compared with 1-month-old animals. In SDS-PAGE analysis, components with electrophoretic migration similar to decorin and @entity67809 increased with maturation, particularly in the d region. The Western blotting confirmed the increased amount of @entity67809 with maturation. In conclusion, our results show that process of maturation leads to the appearance of a probable fat pad in the center of the fibrocartilage of CT, with a reduced amount of glycosaminoglycans and an increased activity of MMPs. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:949-957, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Biochemical and morphological alterations of the extracellular matrix of XXXX calcaneal tendon during maturation.

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: @entity8857 is an important respiratory pathogen of @entity291 that incites extensive infiltrates of neutrophils into the lung. In addition to the parenchymal damage caused by factors released by @entity8857 , neutrophils contribute to the pathologic changes in the lungs. Molecules which mediate neutrophil infiltration into the lungs during @entity8857 @entity55 are poorly characterized. To determine whether the CD18 family (beta2-integrin) of leukocyte adhesion molecules mediates initial passage of neutrophils into the pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles of lungs infected with @entity8857 , three Holstein @entity291 homozygous for @entity291 @entity11087 (BLAD) ( @entity942 neutrophils), and three age- and breed-matched control @entity291 (normal CD18 expression) were inoculated with @entity8857 A1 via a fiberoptic bronchoscope and euthanized at 2 h postinoculation. Sections of lung were stained for neutrophils, and the intensity of neutrophilic infiltration was determined by computerized image analysis. Significantly fewer (P < 0.05) neutrophils infiltrated the lumen, epithelium, and adventitia of bronchioles and bronchi in lungs of @entity291 with BLAD compared to normal @entity291 , which had dense infiltrates within these sites at 2 h postinoculation. The reduced infiltration in @entity291 with BLAD occurred despite the presence of an extremely large number of neutrophils in peripheral blood that is typical for these @entity291 . The large number of neutrophils in the blood of @entity291 with BLAD is probably a physiologic response that can occur without microbial colonization, since one @entity291 with BLAD that was raised under germ-free conditions had large numbers of neutrophils in the blood that were similar to those in a @entity291 with BLAD that was raised conventionally. Neutrophil counts in the germ-free and conventionally reared @entity291 with BLAD were much higher than those in the three normal @entity291 raised under germ-free conditions. The work in this study demonstrates that during the initial inflammatory response, neutrophils with normal CD18 expression pass more readily than @entity942 neutrophils into the walls and lumen of bronchi and bronchioles. It suggests that CD18 is needed for initial passage through the extensive extracellular matrix of the bronchi and bronchioles. This has potential importance for the development of therapies to direct or inhibit neutrophil infiltration into conducting airways rather than alveolar spaces.

title: Induction of CD18-mediated passage of neutrophils by XXXX in pulmonary bronchi and bronchioles.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity11087 :: ('MESH:D018370', 'Disease') :: ['leukocyte adhesion deficiency']

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica', 'P. haemolytica']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['calf', 'cattle', 'bovine', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['CD18-deficient']

answer: @entity8857 :: (75985,Species) :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primate-specific genes and regulatory mechanisms could provide insight into @entity1 brain functioning and disease. In a genome-scale analysis of the entire protein-coding genes listed in the GeneCards database, we have recently reported @entity1 genes that contain "exceptionally long" short tandem repeats (STRs) in their core promoter, which may be of adaptive/selective evolutionary advantage in this species. The longest tetra- @entity4334 repeat identified in a @entity1 gene core promoter belongs to the @entity63397 gene. This GTTT-repeat is specific to Hominidae and Old World monkeys, and the shortest allele of this repeat, (GTTT)6, is linked with @entity162 in @entity1 . In the present study, we sought a possibly broader role for the @entity63397 gene core promoter GTTT-repeat in neural functioning and investigated its allelic distribution in a total of 949 @entity1 subjects, consisting of two @entity179 , @entity15 ( @entity15 ) (n   =   272) and @entity195 ( @entity195 ) (n   =   257), and controls (n   =   420). The range of the alleles of this GTTT-repeat in the @entity1 sample studied was between 6- and 9-repeats. The shortest allele, (GTTT)6, was significantly in excess in the @entity15 and @entity195 @entity1 in comparison with the controls (p   <   0.004). The 6/6, 6/7, and 7/7 genotypes were in excess in the @entity15 and @entity195 @entity1 , whereas the overall frequency of all other genotypes (consisting of at least one longer allele, i.e., 8- or 9-repeat) was higher in the controls (p   <   0.005), indicating a dominant and protective effect for the longer alleles against @entity179 . This is the first indication of the involvement of a primate-specific STR in @entity179 in @entity1 . We propose an adaptive evolutionary role for the expansion of the @entity63397 gene core promoter GTTT-repeat in the @entity1 brain, which is supported by a link between the shortest allele of this repeat with @entity146 .

title: Dominant and Protective Role of the @entity63397 Primate-Specific GTTT-Repeat Longer Alleles Against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['neural dysfunction and type I bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegeneration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Food insecurity continues to be a major challenge in the United States, affecting 49 million individuals. Quantitative studies show that food insecurity has serious negative health impacts among individuals suffering from @entity102 , including @entity1 living with @entity645 / @entity791 (PLHIV). Formulating effective interventions and policies to combat these health effects requires an in-depth understanding of the lived experience and structural drivers of food insecurity. Few studies, however, have elucidated these phenomena among @entity1 living with @entity102 in resource-rich settings, including in the United States. Here we sought to explore the experiences and structural determinants of food insecurity among a group of low-income PLHIV in the San Francisco Bay Area. Thirty-four semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with low-income PLHIV receiving food assistance from a local non-profit in San Francisco and Alameda County, @entity7452 , between April and June 2014. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed according to content analysis methods following an inductive-deductive approach. The lived experience of food insecurity among @entity1 included periods of insufficient quantity of food and resultant hunger, as well as long-term struggles with quality of food that led to concerns about the poor health effects of a cheap diet. @entity1 also reported procuring food using personally and socially unacceptable strategies, including long-term @entity734 on friends, family, and charity; stealing food; exchanging sex for food; and selling controlled substances. Food insecurity often arose from the need to pay high rents exacerbated by gentrification while receiving limited disability income-   a situation resulting in large part from the convergence of long-standing urban policies amenable to gentrification and an outdated disability policy that constrains financial viability. The experiences of food insecurity described by @entity1 in this study can be understood as a form of structural violence, motivating the need for structural interventions at the policy level that extend beyond food-specific solutions.

title: Food insecurity, XXXX , and gentrification in the San Francisco Bay Area: An example of structural violence in United States public policy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity7452 :: ('MESH:D004670', 'Disease') :: ['California']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on @entity989 ( @entity989 ) compared with laser therapy and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti- @entity7 ) drugs, and to find the maximum treatment effect with minimal dose and fluence of PDT. METHODS: A systematic electronic search was conducted in Feb 2013 in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge and the Cochrane library. The main outcome factors were compared in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) and resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF). Meta-analysis was performed when it is appropriate. The comparisons were designed into four groups: group 1, PDT versus laser photocoagulation; group 2, PDT versus intravitreal injection of anti- @entity7 drugs; group 3, half-dose verteporfin PDT versus placebo; group 4, half-fluence PDT versus full-fluence PDT. RESULTS: We retrieved nine reports of studies including a total of 319 @entity1 . In group 1, the summary result indicated that PDT was superior in resolution of SRF (p  =  0.005) than laser photocoagulation. In group 2, PDT could resolute SRF (p  =  0.007) and decrease CMT (p  =  0.002) more rapidly than intravitreal injection of anti- @entity7 drugs. In group 3, half-dose PDT was effective in improving BCVA (p  <  0.00001), decreasing CMT (p  =  0.001) and resolving SRF (p  <  0.001). In group 4, half-fluence PDT was effective and could significantly decrease the @entity12807 which was caused by PDT (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: PDT is a promising therapy for @entity989 @entity1 and the parameters of PDT can be adjusted to obtain the maximum treatment effect with minimal adverse effects.

title: System review and meta-analysis on photodynamic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic damage']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Correlations between the malignant potential and prognosis of @entity5 and abnormal control mechanisms of apoptosis have been discovered in a variety of @entity5 . Survivin is a member of the inhibiting apoptosis protein family that is abundant in embryonic and @entity189 tissues. We measured the expression of survivin mRNA in @entity356 to determine whether levels of survivin mRNA expression could serve as an index of @entity5 . METHODS: Expression of survivin mRNA was measured in samples of both @entity356 and noncancerous tissue from 107 @entity1 . Survivin mRNA was detected by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and then the relationship between the survivin mRNA level and histological diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS: Expression of survivin mRNA was observed in 105 of 107 cancerous tissues and in 101 of 107 noncancerous tissues. The Mean value of survivin mRNA expression in cancerous tissue was 5.18 +/- 1.30, significantly higher ( P < 0.01) than that in noncancerous tissue, at 4.21 +/- 1.48. No significant differences were found in the values of survivin mRNA expression according to histological classification or according to increasing depth of @entity5 invasion. However, survivin mRNA expression was significantly higher ( P < 0.01) in @entity1 displaying @entity1600 (5.48 +/- 1.01) than in @entity1 without the @entity3 (4.70 +/- 1.55). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that increased survivin mRNA expression begins in the early stages of @entity356 . Moreover, the level of survivin mRNA expression may indicate the potential for @entity1600 in @entity1 with @entity356 . Correlations between the malignant potential and prognosis of @entity5 and abnormal control mechanisms of apoptosis have been discovered in a variety of @entity5 . Survivin is a member of the inhibiting apoptosis protein family that is abundant in embryonic and @entity189 tissues. We measured the expression of survivin mRNA in @entity356 to determine whether levels of survivin mRNA expression could serve as an index of @entity5 .

title: Correlation between survivin mRNA expression and XXXX in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: In our earlier communication, it was reported that Indian toad ( @entity29877 ) skin extract (TSE) possesses antiproliferative and apoptogenic activity in U937 and K562 cells [Giri et al., 2006. Antiproliferative, cytotoxic and apoptogenic activity of Indian toad ( @entity29877 , Schneider) skin extract in U937 and K562 cells. Toxicon 48 (4), 388-400]. In the present study, a compound (BM-ANF1) has been isolated from the TSE by alumina gel column chromatography, crystallized and evaluated for its antiproliferative and apoptogenic activity in U937, K562 and HepG2 cells. BM-ANF1 produced dose-dependent inhibition of U937, K562 and HepG2 cell growth. The antiproliferative activity was reflected by the @entity98 assay and demonstrated by the reduced expression of proliferative cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ). Flow-cytometric analysis showed that BM-ANF1 arrested the cell cycle at G1 phase and enhanced @entity4404 binding in U937 and K562 cells. Scanning electron microscopic and fluorescent microscopic analysis of U937 and K562 cells revealed the apoptogenic nature of the compound. Alkaline comet assay showed that BM-ANF1 produced DNA fragmentation. The dose-dependent expression of @entity522 indicated that the apoptogenic properties of BM-ANF1 were mediated through the activation of downstream effector nucleases in the @entity5 cells. The increased expression of @entity876 and moderate expression of @entity3544 ( @entity994 )/ @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) due to BM-ANF1 treatment in HepG2 cells supported that the apoptogenic activity of BM-ANF1 was mediated through @entity876 tumor-suppressor gene expression followed by the expression of @entity3544 ( @entity994 ) and @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) and it was likely to be linked with cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in @entity5 cells. From the present study, it may be suggested that the crystalline compound, BM-ANF1, was antiproliferative and apoptogenic in @entity1 @entity1778 cells.

title: A crystalline compound (BM-ANF1) from the Indian toad ( @entity29877 , Schneider) skin extract, induced antiproliferation and apoptosis in XXXX cell line involving cell cycle proteins.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic and hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity29877 :: ('30335', 'Species') :: ['Bufo melanostictus']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic and hepatoma']


abstract: AIMS: The role of urodynamics (UDS) before surgery for stress @entity322 (SUI) remains a debated issue in female urology as well as in urogynaecology and it has been recently questioned on the basis of data coming from selected population of @entity1 defined as "uncomplicated." The aim of this study was to investigate the percentage of "uncomplicated" @entity1 undergoing urodynamic evaluations in six referral Italian centers. The secondary aim was to assess the prevalence of @entity1 , for whom the urodynamic evaluation could add new information to the pre-urodynamic picture and in how many cases these findings had a significant impact on @entity1 management. METHODS: The data of @entity1 who underwent urodynamic evaluation prior to surgery for stress @entity322 between 2008 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the definition of the Value of Urodynamic Evaluation (ValUE) trial criteria, @entity1 presenting with SUI were classified as "uncomplicated" or "complicated." Urodynamic observations were then compared with pre-urodynamic data. RESULTS: Overall, 2,053 female @entity1 were considered. Only 740/2,053 (36.0%) @entity1 were defined "uncomplicated" according to the definition used in the ValUE trial. The urodynamic observations were not consistent with the pre-urodynamic diagnosis in 1,276 out of 2,053 @entity1 (62.2%). Voiding dysfunctions were urodynamically diagnosed in 394 @entity1 (19.2%). Planned surgery was cancelled or modified in 304 @entity1 (19.2%), due to urodynamic findings. CONCLUSIONS: "Uncomplicated" @entity1 represent a minority among female SUI @entity1 evaluated before surgery. In "complicated" @entity1 , the role of urodynamic has not been challenged yet and UDS seems still mandatory. Neurourol. Urodynam. 9999:XX-XX, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Urodynamics useless before surgery for female stress XXXX : Are you sure? Results from a multicenter single nation database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity4018 is a lethal condition, its underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of @entity82 in the bone marrow through histological examination of mast cell infiltration and the expression of @entity82 -associated cytokines. We analyzed 22 @entity236 with @entity82 [eight @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ), five post-essential @entity1148 (ET) @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ), and nine @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 )]. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were performed using anti-mast cell tryptase, @entity4047 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity2280 , and @entity27463 antibodies. The number of mast cells in @entity236 with @entity82 was significantly higher than that in controls (P<.0001 for all cases with @entity82 vs control, P=.0470 for @entity4018 vs control, P<.0001 post- ET @entity4018 vs control, and P=.0005 for @entity2590 with @entity4018 vs control). Moreover, @entity236 with higher fibrotic grades exhibited greater amounts of infiltrating mast cells. Mast cells were positive for @entity2533 and @entity4047 in @entity236 with @entity82 of all three groups. Megakaryocytes were negative for @entity2533 in post-ET and @entity2590 with @entity4018 , but some megakaryocytes in @entity4018 were weakly positive for @entity2533 . Megakaryocytes were negative for @entity4047 in all three groups. Blasts were negative for both @entity2533 and @entity4047 in all three groups. Thus, @entity2533 - and @entity4047 -producing mast cells might be key players in the development of @entity4018 . Therefore, mast cells could be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of @entity4018 .

title: @entity2533 - and XXXX -Producing Mast Cells Are Associated with @entity82 in Bone Marrow.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['BMF', 'bone marrow fibrosis', 'primary myelofibrosis', 'myelofibrosis', 'PMF', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrows']

answer: @entity4047 :: (3596,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-13']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A small literature suggests that pharmacotherapy may be useful in the prophylaxis of @entity1005 in @entity1 presenting with major @entity130 . There is relatively little data, however, on the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in this context. METHODS: 24  week, double-blind placebo controlled study. 31 @entity1 presenting immediately after @entity130 , and meeting diagnostic criteria for full or partial @entity14469 were randomized to treatment with 10-20  mg of @entity837 or placebo daily for 24  weeks. 2 @entity1 were excluded from the analysis due to early drop out, leaving 29 @entity1 ( @entity837   =   12, placebo   =   17) for inclusion in an intent- to- treat analysis. @entity1 were followed up until 56  weeks, and assessed with the Clinician Administered @entity1005 Scale (CAPS). A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was undertaken to determine the efficacy of the intervention on the CAPS score. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in CAPS score over the course of treatment (F(7, 142)   =   41. 58, p   <   0.001) in both the @entity837 and placebo groups, with a greater reduction in CAPS score in the placebo group F(7, 142)   =   2.12, p   =   0.045. There were improvements on all secondary measures, including the Clinical Global Impressions scale, and scales assessing @entity308 , @entity148 and disability. Only functional disability outcomes (F(7, 141)   =   2.13, p   =   .04), were significantly different between treatment and placebo groups. In the sample as a whole, improvement in scores were maintained at the 52  week follow-up. Side effects were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with other recent work indicating that the SSRIs may not be efficacious in the prevention of @entity1005 . Nevertheless, the small sample size and baseline differences between groups limit the explanatory power of the study. Although a consideration of the possibility of medication prophylaxis in @entity1005 remains important, both from conceptual and clinical perspectives, caution is needed with regards to the use of SSRIs until their efficacy can be proven. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials NCT00300313.

title: XXXX in the prevention of @entity1005 : a pilot randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['Escitalopram']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Epidemiological studies to-date provided inconsistent findings on the effects of dairy consumption on the risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). We aimed to examine the association of dairy consumption and its specific subtypes with @entity65 risk, including the risk of @entity64 and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) by a metaanalysis. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published up to February 2014 to identify prospective cohort studies. Random-effects model or @entity4682 -effects model was used to compute the summary risk estimates. Results: A total of 22 studies were eligible for analysis. An inverse association was found between dairy consumption and overall risk of @entity65 [9 studies; relative risk (RR)=0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81, 0.96] and @entity64 (12 studies; RR=0.87, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.99). However, no association was established between dairy consumption and @entity301 risk (12 studies; RR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.07). @entity64 risk was significantly reduced by consumption of low-fat dairy (6 studies; RR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.99) and cheese (4 studies; RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.84, 0.98), and @entity301 risk was significantly lowered by cheese consumption (7 studies; RR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.71, 1.00). Restricting studies according to various inclusion criteria yielded similar results for @entity65 and @entity301 analyses, but showed attenuated results for @entity64 analysis. Heterogeneity across studies was found for @entity64 and @entity301 analyses, and publication bias was found for @entity64 analysis. Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided further evidence supporting the beneficial effect of dairy consumption on @entity65 . Low-fat dairy products and cheese may protect against @entity64 or @entity301 incidence.

title: Dairy consumption and risk of XXXX : an updated meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: @entity39 is now recognized as a principal determinant of survival in acute @entity788 . However, it is currently unknown how frequently @entity39 develops in acute @entity788 , how often @entity39 becomes secondarily infected, and whether sterile @entity39 represents an indication for surgery or can be treated by conservative means. In 194 @entity1 with unequivocal acute @entity788 , @entity39 developed in 38 (20%), as documented by dynamic pancreatography, and was confirmed by histologic diagnosis at surgery in 28. All @entity1 were prospectively treated by medical means. @entity1 with @entity39 who remained persistently febrile underwent fine needle aspiration for bacterial culture. Infected @entity39 was demonstrated in 27 of the 38 @entity1 (71%) with @entity39 and was treated by open drainage, yielding a mortality rate of 15%. All 11 @entity1 with demonstrated sterile @entity39 , including 6 with @entity177 , were successfully treated without surgery. @entity39 occurs in approximately 20% of @entity1 with acute @entity788 and is necessary for the development of secondary @entity788 . However, @entity39 by itself, even when accompanied by organ failure, is not an absolute indication for surgery. A trial of medical treatment for all @entity1 with sterile @entity39 is in order.

title: A prospective longitudinal study of observation versus surgical intervention in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic necrosis', 'Pancreatic necrosis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['necrotizing pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity900 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) before cystectomy is the standard of care for @entity150 ( @entity150 ), with 25-50% of @entity1 expected to achieve a pathologic response. Validated biomarkers predictive of response are currently lacking. OBJECTIVE: To discover and validate biomarkers predictive of response to NAC for @entity150 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Pretreatment @entity150 samples prospectively collected from @entity1 treated in two separate clinical trials of @entity900 -based NAC provided the discovery and validation sets. DNA from pretreatment @entity5 tissue was sequenced for all coding exons of 287 @entity5 -related genes and was analyzed for base substitutions, indels, copy number alterations, and selected rearrangements in a Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments-certified laboratory. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The mean number of variants and variant status for each gene were correlated with response. Variant data from the discovery cohort were used to create a classification tree to discriminate responders from nonresponders. The resulting decision rule was then tested in the independent validation set. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: @entity1 with a pathologic complete response had more alterations than those with @entity41 in both the discovery (p=0.024) and validation (p=0.018) sets. In the discovery set, alteration in one or more of the three DNA repair genes @entity14050 , @entity996 , and @entity7366 predicted pathologic response (p<0.001; 87% sensitivity, 100% specificity) and better overall survival (p=0.007). This test remained predictive for pathologic response in the validation set (p=0.033), with a trend towards better overall survival (p=0.055). These results require further validation in additional sample sets. CONCLUSIONS: Genomic alterations in the DNA repair-associated genes @entity14050 , @entity996 , and @entity7366 predict response and clinical benefit after @entity900 -based chemotherapy for @entity150 . The results suggest that defective DNA repair renders @entity5 sensitive to @entity900 . @entity1 SUMMARY: Chemotherapy given before bladder removal (cystectomy) improves the chance of cure for some but not all @entity1 with @entity150 . We found a set of genetic mutations that when present in @entity5 tissue predict benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, suggesting that testing before chemotherapy may help in selecting @entity1 for whom this approach is recommended.

title: Defects in DNA Repair Genes Predict Response to Neoadjuvant @entity900 -based Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['MIBC', 'muscle-invasive bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']