abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2426 (TG) is a potent inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPases (SERCAs). TG-based prodrugs are being developed for the treatment of @entity263 ( @entity263 ). To develop optimal TG-based therapeutics it is important to understand the mechanisms of resistance to TG that may potentially occur in @entity5 cells. METHODS: DU145/TG and @entity5049 /TG cells were derived from @entity1 @entity263 DU145 and @entity5049 cells, respectively, by incremental exposure to TG. Growth assays, Western blot analyses, cDNA microarrays, semiquantitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Northern blot analyses, and immunohistochemistry were used to study these cells. RESULTS: DU145/TG cells are 1100-fold and @entity5049 /TG cells are 1350-fold resistant to TG. Although expression of both SERCA and @entity1262 can mediate TG resistance in hamster cells, neither is modulated in DU145/TG cells. In contrast, in @entity5049 /TG cells, SERCA, and not @entity1262 , is significantly overexpressed but cannot by itself account for the 1350-fold resistance to TG in these cells. Several genes not previously identified to be altered by TG selection are modulated in DU145/TG and @entity5049 /TG cells. Furthermore, the spectrum of genes modulated in DU145/TG cells are distinct from that in @entity5049 /TG cells, even though both cells are of prostate origin and share the same TG-resistant phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 cells can adapt to SERCA inhibition by TG. However, they demonstrate cell type-specific plasticity with respect to gene expression upon TG selection. Further, previously not described mechanisms of resistance appear to be recruited in the TG-resistant @entity263 cells, which provide a novel model to study mechanisms of resistance and adaptation in @entity263 on TG-mediated dysregulation of @entity141 homeostasis.

title: @entity2426 resistance in XXXX @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['Thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity99 ( @entity99 ) is found in 1-2% of liver transplantation (LT) @entity1 . The mortality associated with @entity2849 formation after orthotopic LT is reported to be as high as 75%. Because of the rarity of complications, particularly when considered individually, much of the direction for the management of complications is anecdotal. This article discusses the presentation, etiology, types, treatment indications, and vascular procedures used to manage complications with LT. METHODS: Between January 2004 and December 2011, 464 LTs were performed at our institution. Of these, 9 (1.9%) consecutive @entity1 underwent surgical treatment of @entity99 (8 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; median age, 58.4  years [range, 46-67  years]). Four @entity1 underwent transarterial chemoembolization before LT for @entity157 . In all cases, revascularization with a reversed autologous saphenous vein bypass was performed. RESULTS: Four @entity1 had @entity397 , and the others were diagnosed as having asymptomatic @entity2849 during the follow-up period. The median delay between LT and the diagnosis of @entity99 was 39.6  days (range, 22-92  days). All were anatomically extrahepatic. The median diameter was 15.3  mm (range, 9-30  mm). Four @entity1 had a T-tube. In 6 cases, biliary leakage was associated with the LT and, in the remaining 3, @entity3217 was recorded. After surgery, 1 @entity1 underwent retransplantation because of @entity63 . Five years later, 5 @entity1 had normal arterial anatomy, and the other 3 @entity1 had @entity850 that was successfully treated by stents. All of the @entity1 had normal liver function at follow-up. One @entity1 died 16  months later because of a @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 with massive intraperitoneal @entity548 is a rare but serious life-threatening complication when it occurs after LT. The majority of @entity99 cases are associated with @entity1157 and @entity3217 ; therefore, surgery must be the treatment of choice. Our conclusions support surgical revascularization with reversed saphenous grafts as a feasible and efficient treatment in cases of @entity99 .

title: Reversed saphenous bypass for hepatic XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm', 'HAP']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['artery pseudoaneurysm']


abstract: Seahorses populations in the wild have been declining and to restore them a better knowledge of seahorse reproduction is required. This study examines the effect of dietary quality on seahorse fecundity and egg quality. Two different diets were tested with @entity50964 females: frozen mysis (control) and frozen mysis enriched with a liposome spray containing essential @entity1718 . Diets were given to females (two groups of five) over a seven week period. After this period, males (fed the control diet) and females were paired and the eggs dropped by the females were collected. @entity844 profile were analysed and eggs were counted and measured. Results showed that females fed on enriched mysis had larger eggs and that these had a higher content of total @entity1474 . The size of the egg was especially affected in the first spawn, where egg size for females fed the enriched diet was significantly higher than the egg size from control females. This effect was reduced in the following spawning where no significant differences were found. Egg size is an important quality descriptor as seahorse juveniles originating from smaller eggs and/or eggs of poor quality will have less chances of overcoming adverse conditions in the wild and consequently have lower survival and growth rates. This study shows that enriching frozen mysis with @entity1474 increases egg size and egg quality of @entity50964 .

title: Dietary @entity844 enrichment increases egg size and quality of yellow seahorse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity50964 :: ('103715', 'Species') :: ['H. kuda', 'Hippocampus kuda']

answer: @entity50964 :: (103715,Species) :: ['Hippocampus kuda']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing population of @entity1 with prior mediastinal irradiation, cardiac surgeons will encounter @entity1 with radiation-induced damage to the heart and the great vessels. Awareness of the pathology and the surgical management is essential to provide optimal care for these @entity1 . METHODS: Eight @entity1 with radiation-induced @entity299 were encountered in the last 10 years. After a brief clinical presentation, the surgical management of radiation-induced @entity299 is reviewed. RESULTS: Radiation can affect all the structures in the heart, including the coronary arteries, the valves, and the conduction system. The pericardium is the most commonly involved, and the conduction system is the least involved. Pericardiectomy is quite effective in @entity1 with symptomatic pericardial effusion or constriction. The coronary lesions are located predominantly in the ostial or proximal regions of the epicardial vessels. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty alone appears to have a high rate of restenosis. Surgical revascularization has good long-term results, and the internal mammary artery should be used if it is satisfactory. The aortic and mitral valves are more commonly involved than the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. @entity296 predominantly affects the right ventricle and requires particular attention during cardiopulmonary bypass and in the postoperative period. Restoration of sinus rhythm is essential in view of stiffness of the ventricles. Flexibility in the surgical approach with selective use of thoracotomy will facilitate the surgical procedure in certain @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons should be well versed in all the manifestations and the management of radiation-induced @entity299 .

title: Surgical management of radiation-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been speculated that the Bethesda Classification System for thyroid fine-needle aspirate (FNA) may be used to predict @entity146 features among histologically proven @entity5 . We sought to evaluate whether @entity5 that were characterized as Bethesda category V or VI have more @entity146 features than @entity5 that were category III or IV. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was reviewed to identify @entity1374 treated at a single center from 2004 to 2009. Only @entity5 that could be definitively matched to a preoperative FNA were included. Associations between Bethesda category, @entity1 demographics, histopathologic findings, and outcomes were examined. RESULTS: A total of 360 @entity5 were analyzed: 73 (20  %) were Bethesda category III or IV and 287 (80  %) were category V or VI. The majority of @entity5 were follicular variants of @entity3557 (fvPTC), whereas the majority of Bethesda V and @entity5 were classic PTC (52 and 67  %, respectively, p  <  0.01). @entity5295 (30 vs. 16  %, p  =  0.02), lymph node @entity3 (50 vs. 31  %, p  =  0.05), and multifocality (51 vs. 37  %, p  =  0.03) were more common among Bethesda V and VI nodules. However, when Bethesda III or IV classic PTC and fvPTC were compared to Bethesda V or @entity5 of the same histologic subtype, there were no differences in any features. Recurrence and overall survival were the same in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bethesda category may help to predict the most likely histologic subtype of @entity259 , but it does not have any prognostic significance once the histologic diagnosis is known.

title: Does bethesda category predict XXXX features in malignant thyroid nodules?

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Bethesda III and IV cancers', 'VI cancers', 'cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['Extrathyroidal extension']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancies']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity15206 (FIBGC) is a rare @entity14827 , the main clinical signs of which are @entity304 , @entity73 and/or @entity146 troubles. Familial forms are rare. The underlying basis is not known. We performed detailed neurological, neuropsychological, brain CT scans and MRI evaluations in 15 @entity1 of a large FIBGC family. Three @entity1 also underwent a @entity419 -PET scan study not previously performed in @entity1 with FIBGC. @entity15206 were present in 8 individuals, 3 of which had @entity161 -like @entity716 , @entity73 . The mean age at disease onset was 34.0+/-3.6 years. Two @entity1 had moderate @entity409 , whereas the proband had more severe @entity303 . @entity419 uptake was significantly reduced in striatal or cortical areas, including the precuneus, posterior cingulate and superior temporal gyri. This study shows that calcifications and striatal @entity528 can occur independently, and that functional changes in cortical areas can be observed early in FIBGC. Hypometabolism in the precuneus and posterior cingulate gyrus, which are involved in episodic memory processing, could be responsible for the episodic @entity2414 found in the @entity1 . Whether the underlying mechanism involves a @entity528 or a functional alteration remains to be elucidated.

title: Neuropsychological and XXXX -PET studies in a family with idiopathic basal ganglia calcifications.

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and/or extrapyramidal signs', 'cognitive deterioration']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficit']

entities_list: @entity15206 :: ('MESH:C535607', 'Disease') :: ['Basal ganglia calcifications', 'basal ganglia calcification']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration', 'neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18FDG']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Carcinogenesis is a multistep process in which @entity5 cells and @entity5 stroma cells play important roles. T lymphocytes are immune constituents of @entity5 stroma and play a crucial function in anti- @entity5 response. By immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, we studied T cytotoxic (CTLs) and T helper lymphocytes distribution and percentage in the @entity5 microenvironment and peripheral blood from 35 @entity1 with @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). We also studied 23 healthy donor's blood samples as a control group. @entity5 and non-tumoral endometrium samples were obtained. Immunohistochemistry revealed a high number of CTLs and T helper lymphocytes in the @entity5 stroma of myoinvasive EECs. T lymphocytes were mostly located in the invasive front. By flow cytometry, the percentages of CTLs and T helper lymphocytes were significantly higher in the @entity5 compared with the non-neoplastic endometrium (P=.0492 and P=.002). The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of @entity405 staining was lower in the @entity5 compared to the non-neoplastic endometrium (P=.001). There was also reduction of the MFI @entity405 staining on peripheral blood from @entity1 with grade 3 EECs compare to the peripheral blood from healthy donors (P=.0093). No alterations in the expression of @entity43642 were found in the CTLs from the @entity1204 cases. Finally, in a proteome profiler cytokine array we found that the @entity23390 ( @entity23390 ) increased in blood in parallel to the @entity5 grade. EECs are capable to down-regulate @entity405 expression of CTLs. Most likely, this effect is mediated by a soluble molecule present in plasma and it is not a result of anergy or exhaustion state.

title: XXXX down-regulation on cytotoxic T lymphocytes of @entity1 with @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid endometrial carcinomas', 'EEC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity23390 :: ('9518', 'Gene') :: ['GDF15', 'growth differentiation factor 15']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2915 is an unusual alteration in praxic function due to a @entity75 which is contralateral to that which would be expected. We report a case of crossed @entity1742 due to a right parietal lesion in a left handed @entity1 who had been obliged to be right handed. We discuss the peculiar neuropsychological profile and possible relation of this to left handedness. CLINICAL CASE: A 75 year old @entity1 , left handed but obliged to use the right hand, suffered an acute episode of alteration in the management of utensils (lids, taps, medicine containers), although he maintained his usual social behaviour and orientation. On neurosomatic examination no focal deficits were observed. On MMST he scored 29/30, on the Edinburgh questionnaire he scored 35 (left handed dominance). On a Barcelona PIENC battery his scores were in the pathological range for subtests on understanding orders, carrying out symbolic gestures and imitating gestures, in perceiving super imposed images and visual memory. MRI showed a right parietal laminar @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 showed clear bilateral ideo motor @entity1742 , which could not be justified/explained by visuo spatial @entity1054 secondary to a right parietal @entity75 . It is usually considered that ideatory and @entity8378 are due to left hemisphere lesions, whilst contsructive @entity1742 and @entity1742 related to dress are due to right hemisphere lesions. In this case, there was @entity8378 secondary to a right parietal lesion, that is to say a crossed @entity8378 , without crossing of other neuropsychological functions. This supports the theory of independence of hemisphere dominance for different cognitive functions. The frustrated left handedness of the @entity1 might be related to the greater probability of unusual hemisphere dominance for ideomotor praxis function in this particular case.

title: [ @entity2915 secondary to a right parietal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['ideomotor apraxias', 'ideomotor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesion', 'cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Crossed apraxia']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Emerging data demonstrate the potential of translational applications of antibodies directed against @entity66 ( @entity66 ). 'Biotheranostics' as used in this context in @entity65 ( @entity65 ) describes targeting of @entity66 for biomarker, therapeutic and molecular imaging diagnostic applications. RECENT FINDINGS: Atherogenesis can be viewed as a chronic, maladaptive inflammatory response to OSE and related antigens. Lipid oxidation collectively yields a large variety of OSE, such as oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) and @entity1234 epitopes. @entity66 are immunogenic, proinflammatory, proatherogenic and plaque destabilizing and represent danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are recognized by the innate immune system via pattern recognition receptors, including scavenger receptors, IgM natural antibodies and complement factor H, which bind, neutralize and/or facilitate their clearance. Biomarker assays measuring OxPL present on @entity755 lipoproteins, and particularly on lipoprotein (a), predict the development of @entity65 events. In contrast, @entity47441 on plasminogen facilitate fibrinolysis and may reduce atherothrombosis. Oxidation-specific antibodies attached to magnetic nanoparticles image lipid-rich, oxidation-rich plaques. Infusion or overexpression of oxidation-specific antibodies reduces the progression of @entity731 by potentially neutralizing and clearing OSE and preventing foam cell formation, suggesting similar applications in @entity1 . SUMMARY: Using the accelerating knowledge base and improved understanding of the interplay of oxidation, @entity32 and innate and adaptive immunity in @entity731 , emerging clinical applications of oxidation-specific antibodies may identify, monitor and treat @entity65 in @entity1 .

title: Oxidation-specific epitopes as targets for biotheranostic applications in XXXX : biomarkers, molecular imaging and therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OSEs', 'oxidation-specific epitopes']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe practices for @entity683 vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) with emphasis on correlates of increased vaccination rates. DESIGN: Survey. @entity1 : Volunteer sample of hospitals in Louisiana. METHODS: All hospitals in Louisiana were invited to participate. A 17-item questionnaire inquired about the hospital type, @entity1 served, characteristics of the vaccination campaign, and the resulting vaccination rate. RESULTS: Of 254 hospitals, 153 (60%) participated and were included in the 124 responses that were received. Most programs (64%) required that HCP either receive the vaccine or sign a declination form, and the rest were exclusively voluntary (36%); no program made vaccination a condition of employment. The median vaccination rate was 67%, and the vaccination rate was higher among hospitals that were accredited by the Joint Commission; provided acute care; served @entity1 , pregnant @entity1 , oncology @entity1 , or intensive care unit @entity1 ; required a signed declination form; or imposed consequences for unvaccinated HCP (the most common of which was to require that a mask be worn on @entity1 contact). Hospitals that provided free vaccine, made vaccine widely available, advertised the program extensively, required a declination form, and imposed consequences had the highest vaccination rates (median, 86%; range, 81%-91%). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of @entity683 remains low among the hospitals surveyed. Recommended practices may not be enough to reach 90% vaccination rates unless a signed declination requirement and consequences are implemented. Wearing a mask is a strong consequence. Demanding @entity683 vaccination as a condition of employment was not reported as a practice by the participating hospitals.

title: Correlates of improved XXXX vaccination of healthcare personnel: a survey of hospitals in Louisiana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza vaccination of HCP']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Maintenance of genomic stability is essential for cellular survival. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is critical for resolution of abasic sites and damaged bases, estimated to occur 20,000 times in cells daily. DNA @entity10840 ( @entity10840 ) participates in BER by filling DNA gaps that result from excision of damaged bases. Approximately 30% of @entity1 @entity5 express @entity10840 variants, many of which have altered fidelity and activity in vitro and when expressed, induce cellular transformation. The @entity263 variant @entity45054 transforms cells and is a sequence-context-dependent mutator. To test the hypothesis that mutations induced in vivo by @entity45054 lead to cellular transformation, we characterized the genome-wide expression profile of a clone expressing @entity45054 as compared with its non-induced counterpart. Using a 1.5-fold minimum cut-off with a false discovery rate (FDR) of <0.05, 912 genes exhibit altered expression. Microarray results were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and revealed unique expression profiles in other clones. Gene Ontology (GO) clusters were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis to identify altered gene networks and associated nodes. We determined three nodes of interest that exhibited dysfunctional regulation of downstream gene products without themselves having altered expression. One node, peroxisome proliferator-activated protein y ( @entity6864 ), was sequenced and found to contain a coding region mutation in @entity6864 only in transformed cells. Further analysis suggests that this mutation leads to dominant negative activity of @entity6864 . @entity6864 is a transcription factor implicated to have @entity5 suppressor function. This suggests that the @entity6864 mutant may have played a role in driving cellular transformation. We conclude that @entity6864 induces cellular transformation by a mutational mechanism.

title: DNA @entity10840 variant XXXX generates global gene expression changes related to cellular transformation.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity45054 :: ('p|SUB|I|260|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ile260Met']

answer: @entity45054 :: (p|SUB|I|260|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['Ile260Met']


abstract: @entity1931 is a common complaint in @entity1 with @entity1897 . However, cold sensitivity of the different types of sensory afferents present in injured nerves is poorly known. We recorded activity evoked by cold in intact sensory fibers of the skin-saphenous nerve preparation and in axotomized sensory fibers of approximately 21 days-old @entity2950 of the saphenous nerve of @entity19 , in vitro. Sixteen percent of the axotomized units responded to cooling with an accelerating discharge, which stopped immediately during rewarming. This response was similar to that observed in the intact cold-sensitive fibers. Temperature threshold distribution was broad in intact and axotomized cold fibers (30.7-22 degrees C and 34.5-14.5 degrees C, respectively). One-third of the axotomized cold-sensitive fibers were mechanosensitive and none of them displayed spontaneous activity at baseline temperature. In contrast, 33% of intact cold-sensitive fibers exhibited low rates of ongoing discharges. In 60% of the cold-sensitive, axotomized units, cold threshold was shifted towards warmer values by the @entity1107 agonist @entity46098 . Seventy percent of axotomized, cold-insensitive units developed sensitivity to cold when exposed to @entity973 and their mean cold threshold (approximately 28 degrees C) was unaffected by @entity4746 . Their response properties differed greatly from those of cold-sensitive units. In conclusion, the transducing capacity to cold stimuli is substantially recovered in @entity2950 . Furthermore, axotomized fibers maintain the 4-AP-sensitive, voltage-activated, transient @entity972 conductance that counteracts the depolarizing effects of cold in the majority of intact, cold-insensitive primary afferents. Our results indicate that injured nociceptors do not develop abnormal cold sensitivity, suggesting that other mechanisms underlie the cold-induced @entity1931 following @entity1897 .

title: Cold sensitivity in axotomized fibers of experimental XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'Cold allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies', 'peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity2950 :: (MESH:D009463,Disease) :: ['neuromas']


abstract: The @entity190 during the acute period after complex pelvic @entity130 is finally responsible for the high mortality associated with this specific @entity130 . Several protocols have been published for optimized management, but up to now comparable data are not available as no exact definitions exist judging the severity of @entity130 and @entity190 . As part of a prospective study 19 @entity1 after unstable pelvic injuries with unstable circulation underwent emergency stabilization by the pelvic C-clamp. Beside standard clinical parameter the initial hemoglobin value was converted into a "blood volume equivalent". 18 of the 19 @entity1 had an injury severity according to group III and IV of the Hannover Polytrauma Score (PTS). Concommitant @entity3511 were seen in 12 cases (23 injuries), concommitant urological injuries in 12 cases (14 injuries). In 13 cases the pelvis was the major source of bleeding in 9 cases an @entity548 was observed. 11 @entity1 died due to sequelae of their injury, 8 @entity1 survived. Although the @entity190 was comparable both in the group of the deceased @entity1 and the survivors, a 44% higher subsequent blood substitution (= 10089 ml) was observed in the nonsurvivor group. In conclusion the data proofed that early control of @entity548 is fundamental for the prognoses after complex pelvic @entity130 . The estimation of the @entity190 may help in indicating @entity146 stabilisation, pelvic clamps, surgical exploration and tamponade. This calculation may be a basis for a more detailed analyses of this devastating injury and judging the benefit of different management protocols.

title: [Severe @entity130 with pelvic mass @entity548 : determining severity of XXXX and clinical experience with emergency stabilization].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'additional intraabdominal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive emergency procedures like emergency']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'initial blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: AIM(S): In this article, we aimed to investigate plasma Factor XIII levels after extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery by thromboelastometric detection, as extracorporeal circulation causes various @entity3459 due to the exposure of blood to artificial surfaces, inflammatory induction and mechanical destruction of platelets and coagulation factors, which may particularly affect factors with long half-lives, such as Factor XIII. BACKGROUND: Since transfusion algorithms are often empirical and laboratory analysis of Factor XIII plasma levels may not be available 24   h a day, bed-side testing using rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) could offer a splendid option to define the cause of excessive @entity3459 in general and Factor XIII levels in particular in a timely manner and thus facilitating exact substitution therapy. METHODS: In this trial, we investigated 25 cardiac surgery @entity1 with extracorporeal bypass times over 100   min. Standard laboratory and ROTEM analyses were performed post-operatively at the time of intensive care unit admission and 6   h later. We implemented EXTEM with additional Factor XIII (teenTEM) as additional test by adding 0  625   IU Factor XIII to standard EXTEM reagents. RESULTS: In this observational study, we could not demonstrate a correlation between Factor XIII and MCFEXTEM , CFTEXTEM or MLEXTEM . Neither Factor XIII plasma levels nor MCFEXTEM could predict @entity190 . In accordance with previous findings, we were able to demonstrate increased @entity4461 ( @entity4461 ), decreased clot formation time and decreased maximum lysis by adding Factor XIII in vitro (teenTEM vs EXTEM) indicating an improvement in the coagulation process. As shown before, we also found a strong correlation between @entity4461 and platelet and fibrinogen plasma levels. CONCLUSION: In summary, 'teenTEM' test does not seem to detect @entity19434 @entity1 in cardiac surgery. Furthermore, post-operative @entity190 could not be predicted neither by ROTEM nor by laboratory analysis of Factor XIII. In vitro administration of Factor XIII appears to improve laboratory measures of haemostasis.

title: Thromboelastometric detection of clotting @entity19434 in cardiac surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation disorders', 'peri-operative bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['MCF', 'maximum clot firmness']

entities_list: @entity19434 :: ('MESH:D005177', 'Disease') :: ['Factor XIII deficient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3595 Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, allowing plenty of fishes to be caught. Moreover, these fishes represent one of the undocumented fish resources in the world and their detailed lipid profiles have not been previously examined. In this study, the lipid content and @entity844 composition of 50 commercially important fishes from the Indian Ocean ( @entity3595 Lanka) and the Pacific Ocean (Japan) were compared. The total lipid content and @entity844 composition, including @entity7784 (C20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, @entity4601 ), differed significantly among species. Fish from the Pacific Ocean had higher proportions of @entity1718 , including @entity8393 and @entity4601 . Herrings and mackerels from both oceanic areas demonstrated high levels of @entity8393 and @entity4601 , and n-3/n-6 ratio. Brackish and freshwater fishes from both groups showed low levels of @entity5204 . Fish from the Indian Ocean were high in @entity9540 . @entity8981 levels were high in omnivorous fish from the Pacific Ocean, and @entity10194 levels were high in fish from the Indian Ocean. The results of this study will be of value in determining the dietary usefulness of fish caught in @entity3595 Lanka.

title: Comparative Analysis of Lipid Content and XXXX Composition of Commercially Important Fish and Shellfish from @entity3595 Lanka and Japan.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity9540 :: ('MESH:D043371', 'Chemical') :: ['n-6 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity8981 :: ('CHEBI:25413', 'Chemical') :: ['Monounsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty Acid']


abstract: @entity613 is characterized by sensory symptoms which appear during exercise or while maintaining a fixed posture. They are paraesthetic in quality, may be associated with 'march' phenomena, and @entity1 may have bowel and @entity1494 . The problem is most commonly secondary to @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) but rarely due to @entity2333 , as shown in this case report. This report concerns a 66 year old @entity1 who presented with symptoms of paraesthesia radiating from the buttocks to the thigh and, intermittent loss of bladder and bowel function, all associated with walking. There were no associated symptoms of @entity455 . Clinically, there was evidence of aorto-iliac obstruction with absence of femoral pulses and a vascular index of 0.4 at both ankles. Neurological examination was normal at rest but the left ankle jerk was absent immediately after exercise. Myelogram and computerized tomographic (CT) scan were normal. An aortogram revealed a very tight irregular stenosis of the aorta at the level of the renal and mesenteric arteries. Very few lumbar vessels were seen. An aortic endarterectomy via a thoraco-abdominal approach was performed and an aortobifemoral graft inserted. The @entity1 's symptoms resolved following this procedure. We postulate that her symptoms were caused by a 'steal' from the blood supply to the cauda equinda due to the severe @entity66 of her upper abdominal aorta.

title: @entity613 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular claudication']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['athromatous disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder disturbance']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LCS', 'lumbar canal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['Neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular disease']


abstract: @entity6194 constitutes a significant health and economic burden to Asian countries. Six medications are now approved for the treatment of @entity6194 , but there is still significant uncertainty with regards to treatment outcomes, cost impact, and benefits in view of the absence of long-term outcomes data. Cost-effectiveness Markov modeling thus allows us to project and estimate long-term outcomes based on current data and compare the cost-benefit between different treatment options. However, there are limitations to these reported studies. Cost-utility indices such as cost/quality-adjusted life years (cost/QALY) may not be intuitive to clinicians and @entity1 . These studies are also usually based on first-world economies, using a benchmark of US 50,000/QALY, and cannot be extrapolated directly to Asia-Pacific countries. Cost-effectiveness of various treatment strategies using a combination of cost-effectiveness indices may provide a more complete picture. These include cost/HBeAg seroconversion for HBeAg-positive @entity1 (range: US 19,400-30,800) and cost/ @entity97 DNA negative (PCR assay) for HBeAg-negative @entity1 (range: US 14,400-32,000) over 5-year time horizon; cost per @entity82 prevented (range: US 326,000-686,000) and cost per @entity157 prevented (range: US 654,000-1,380,000) over 10-year horizon using data from REVEAL study, cost per end point complication prevented in cirrhotics (US 9,630/year), and cost per @entity157 prevented in cirrhotics (US  27,600/year) over a 32-month horizon, using data from Asia @entity16332 @entity82 Study. More potent antivirals with low resistance appear to have lower cost/clinical end point averted. Published reports of cost-utility analysis comparing treatment using conventional cost/QALY show that all treatment modalities fall below the first-world benchmark of US 50,000/QALY but vary in modeling assumptions and in quality, making comparisons difficult. Reimbursement policies affect out-of-pocket expenses to the @entity1 , and increases the proportion of @entity1 who can afford therapy, but generally do not affect cost-effectiveness. In conclusion, cost-effectiveness analysis is an important tool for health care administrators, clinicians, and @entity1 to decide on the optimal therapy for @entity6194 , but the methodology permits considerable leeway for interpretation of results, thus a combination of cost-effective indices may be needed to paint a more complete picture.

title: The economics of treating XXXX in Asia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B', 'Chronic hepatitis B']

answer: @entity6194 :: (MESH:D019694,Disease) :: ['chronic hepatitis B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The large individual variability for anticancer drugs in both outcome and @entity137 risk makes the identification of pharmacogenetic markers that can be used to screen @entity1 before therapy selection an attractive prospect. AIMS: This work aimed to evaluate the importance of genetic polymorphisms involved in drug detoxification to predict clinical outcomes of @entity4349 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity4191 313 AA genotype was associated with a poor clinical response relative to G allele carrier (58.4% vs 80.8%; p = 0.006), and @entity1262 3435 TT genotype had a worse response compared with C allele carrier (33.3% vs 71.2% p = 0.001). @entity1 with both the adverse genotypes of @entity4191 314AA and MDR 3435TT showed the worst therapy efficacy in all (14.3%; p = 0.000). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the @entity1 with no adverse genotype were associated with decreased hazard of relapse (p = 0.002), compared with those with 1 or 2 adverse genotypes. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that clinical response and no adverse genotype was independent predictors of disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS: Genotyping was performed by allele-specific oligonucleotide ligation reaction ( @entity4723 , CAT, @entity4191 ), multiplex PCR ( @entity9164 , @entity4192 ) or PCR-RFLP ( @entity1262 ). Based on 153 @entity1 received @entity4349 -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, these genotypes or their combinations in relation to treatment-related response, hematologic @entity137 and DFS were investigated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that polymorphisms in @entity4191 and @entity1262 may help to predict clinical response and DFS of @entity4349 -based chemotherapy, and a polygenic pathway approach should provide more useful information. The findings required independent prospective confirmation.

title: Polymorphisms in genes involved in drug detoxification and clinical outcomes of XXXX -based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

answer: @entity4349 :: (CHEBI:48120,Chemical) :: ['anthracycline']


abstract: @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) is the most frequent @entity600 of cortical development in @entity1 with medically @entity302 . On MRI, @entity75 are not easily differentiable from the normal cortex and defining their spatial extent is challenging. In this paper, we introduce a method to segment @entity75 on T1-weighted MRI. It relies on two successive three-dimensional deformable models, whose evolutions are based on the level set framework. The first deformable model is driven by probability maps obtained from three MRI features: cortical thickness, relative intensity and gradient. These features correspond to the visual characteristics of @entity10067 and allow discriminating lesions and normal tissues. In a second stage, the previous result is expanded towards the underlying and overlying cortical boundaries, throughout the whole cortical section. The method was quantitatively evaluated by comparison with manually traced labels in 18 @entity1 with @entity10067 . The automated segmentations achieved a strong agreement with the manuals labels, demonstrating the applicability of the method to assist the delineation of @entity75 on MRI. This new approach may become a useful tool for the presurgical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity302 related to @entity6795 .

title: Segmentation of focal XXXX lesions on MRI using level set evolution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['FCD lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['intractable epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['FCD', 'Focal cortical dysplasia']

answer: @entity6795 :: (MESH:D054220,Disease) :: ['cortical dysplasia']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The authors (a) compared the proarrhythmic effects of @entity7567 (152 mmol/L @entity1372 ) and @entity6111 (no @entity1372 ) in a @entity95 model and (b) assessed the effect of adding 150 mmol/L @entity1372 to isotonic @entity6111 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Either @entity7567 (320 mg of @entity1496 per milliliter) or @entity6111 (350 mg of @entity1496 per milliliter) was selectively injected into the right coronary artery (1.5 mL over 30 seconds) of 10 @entity95 , some of which also received the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor agonist @entity7202 . To validate the model, the class III antiarrhythmic agent @entity18955 was injected intravenously during @entity7202 infusion. Frontal electrocardiography was performed continuously to detect @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). In a second study, the authors assessed the frequency of @entity943 after injection of isotonic @entity6111 solution (145 mg of @entity1496 per milliliter), either alone or with 150 mmol/L @entity1372 . RESULTS: @entity7202 significantly lengthened the QT, QTc, and RR intervals (P < .05). The use of @entity18955 alone induced no @entity1165 , whereas five of eight @entity7202 -infused @entity95 developed @entity1165 after @entity18955 injection (P = .03). Both contrast media prolonged the repolarization period. @entity6111 alone induced a higher frequency of @entity1165 than did @entity7567 alone (P = .0006). @entity7202 infusion did not potentiate the frequency of @entity1165 in the @entity7567 -injected @entity95 . The addition of @entity1372 to isotonic @entity6111 prevented the occurrence of @entity1165 (P = .0006). CONCLUSION: Although @entity7567 prolonged the repolarization period, it did not cause a higher frequency of @entity943 when injected in association with @entity7202 . @entity6111 , which contains no @entity1372 , induced a high frequency of @entity943 . The addition of a physiologic concentration of @entity1372 to isotonic @entity6111 can prevent @entity943 .

title: Role of XXXX in contrast medium-induced @entity1165 : results in a @entity95 model of lengthened QT interval.

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine', 'Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity18955 :: ('MESH:C022799', 'Chemical') :: ['clofilium']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic ventricular tachycardia', 'PVT']

entities_list: @entity7567 :: ('MESH:D007485', 'Chemical') :: ['ioxaglate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity6111 :: ('MESH:D007472', 'Chemical') :: ['Iohexol', 'iohexol']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: We compared the efficacy of rectally and intravenously administered @entity7988 for @entity158 management after day-case adenoidectomy. @entity1 (123 @entity1 aged 1-9 yr) were allocated randomly to receive on induction of anaesthesia @entity7988 25 mg rectally with an i.v. placebo, @entity7988 25 mg i.v. with a rectal placebo, or placebo both i.v. and rectally. The method of anaesthesia and the operative technique were standardized. @entity282 was assessed at rest and during swallowing using the Maunuksela @entity158 scale (0=no @entity158 , 10=worst possible @entity158 ). @entity3575 0.5 microg kg(-1) was given as rescue analgesia. There was no significant difference between the two @entity7988 groups in their requirement for rescue analgesics. However, both the proportion of @entity1 needing rescue analgesics [55 of 84 @entity1 (65%) vs. 33 of 39 @entity1 (84%); difference 19%, 95% confidence interval 4-34%, P=0.029] and the number of rescue analgesic doses [mean 1.2 (SD 1.2) vs. 2.2 (1.4); mean difference 0.9, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.4, P=0.001] were significantly lower among @entity1 receiving @entity7988 than in @entity1 receiving placebo. Adverse events, duration of operation, perioperative @entity548 , @entity158 scores and time of discharge were similar in the three groups.

title: XXXX management after adenoidectomy with @entity7988 : comparison of rectal and intravenous routes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['Fentanyl']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2240 achieves objective response and prolongs progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). A subset of @entity1 achieves long-term responses. The characteristics of @entity1 who achieved long-term response (defined as @entity1 achieving ongoing complete response [CR] or remaining progression free for > 18 months while receiving @entity2240 ) are reported. @entity1 AND METHODS: A database of 186 @entity1 treated with @entity2240 alone (n = 89) or in combination (n = 97) in 9 clinical trials was reviewed; all had 1 year or more follow-up from @entity2240 start to data cutoff for analysis. Median PFS was 10.8 months (95% CI, 8.3-13.3); median overall survival (OS) was 30.4 months (95% CI, 21.5-36.8 months) for the 186 @entity1 . Thirty-four @entity1 were identified as long-term responders because they either had durable CR or remained progression free while receiving @entity2240 for > 18 months. RESULTS: Best response for 34 long-term responders was CR in 3 @entity1 , partial response (PR) in 24 @entity1 , and stable disease in 7 @entity1 . The median duration of @entity2240 therapy was 24.9 months (range, 18.1-73.9 months). The median PFS among the long-term responders was 17.4 months (95% CI, 7-29.9 months) at a landmark PFS analysis performed after 18 months from treatment start. Univariate analysis from the 186 @entity1 identified bone @entity3 , lung @entity3 , and intermediate/poor risk groups as adverse prognostic factors for long-term response. CONCLUSION: @entity2240 achieves long-term response in a subset of @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 . Lack of bone @entity3 or lung @entity3 and good MSKCC risk status may predict long-term response.

title: Long-term response to XXXX therapy for @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: The prevalence and genotype distribution of @entity3841 strains in families where at least one adult family member (proband) suffered from @entity2520 was investigated to better understand how this periodontal organism is acquired or transmitted. Fifteen probands with severe (established) @entity2520 ( @entity1923 ) and their 46 immediate family members were sampled for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Among the 15 families, 10 contained at least one additional family member colonized with oral A. actinomycetemcomitans. Genomic DNA from 3 subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans strains from each of the 10 probands and their 17 family members were amplified and characterized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a single arbitrary primer known to distinguish A. actinomycetemcomitans strains. The PCR products from each strain were separated by electrophoresis on a 1% submarine agarose gel containing @entity5611 and visualized by UV light transillumination. The amplification products migrated to form readily distinguishable bands and, since the banding patterns were characteristic of strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, these patterns were called "amplitypes." The culture studies showed that 51% of all @entity1 suffering from @entity1923 carried oral A. actinomycetemcomitans. Moreover, 50% of their spouses and 30% of their @entity1 harbored the bacterium. Comparison of the PCR-generated amplitypes showed that 26 out of 27 individuals had strains exhibiting a single amplitype of A. actinomycetemcomitans, the 27th being colonized by 2 different amplitypes. They also showed that in 6 out of 7 families, the husband and wife did not harbor the same A. actinomycetemcomitans amplitype. Furthermore, most often @entity1 carried an an amplitype identical to one of the parents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The distribution and transmission of XXXX in families with established adult periodontitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: The routine use of arterial grafts in coronary surgery is facilitated by peroperative adjunction of antispasmodic drug to reduce the event of @entity2473 . Diltiazem has been favoured in most clinical studies devoted to the radial artery graft. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a @entity2473 preventing protocol associating @entity384 of the graft with a diluted solution of @entity3302 and @entity3360 infusion, starting preoperatively and continued postoperatively in i.v. and per os forms. Between September 1996 and March 1997, a consecutive series of 50 @entity1 underwent myocardial revascularization using the radial artery. The radial artery was prepared by @entity384 with @entity3302 (1%) and @entity3360 was administrated at 0.25 microgram/kg/min and titrated according to the arterial systemic pressure. Operative mortality was 4% ( @entity295 ). There was no evidence of perioperative MI nor hypoperfusion syndrome. Mean CKMB level at 18 hours was 36 micrograms/l. No @entity154 of the ECG were detected. Angiography performed in the last 20 @entity1 showed a 98% (51/52) permeability rate for all graft; 19/20 radial grafts (95%) were patent. One radial graft presented a 50% stenosis at the proximal @entity254 , and another a moderate @entity2473 (40%) in the middle part of the conduit. This study confirms that the radial artery conduit can be used with satisfactory results for routine coronary artery bypass. The use of @entity3360 allows the control the vasoreactivity of the radial graft without totally obviating at least angiographic @entity2473 . This drug is easy to titrate, and well tolerated in association to beta-blockers in the routine perioperative management of the coronary @entity1 .

title: XXXX protocol for CABG using the radial artery clinical and angiographic data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic anomalies']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['hydrostatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['Nicardipine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate the effect on graft patency by adding @entity1397 to @entity117 in off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting and the possible side effects of such therapy. METHODS: : Twenty @entity1 who underwent standard OPCAB through median sternotomy were randomized immediately after surgery in two groups. @entity1 in group A (n = 10) received 100 mg of @entity117 starting preoperatively, continuing indefinitely. @entity1 in group B received 100 mg of @entity117 and, in addition, 75 mg of @entity1397 starting immediately after the operation and for 3 months. @entity86 and other perioperative parameters were compared. Angiography was repeated 3 months after surgery to determine the patency and quality of grafts. RESULTS: : Preoperative risk factors were similar in the two groups. There was no significant difference in average number of distal @entity254 (P = 0.572), operation time (P = 0.686), @entity86 (P = 0.256), ventilation time (P = 0.635), and intensive care unit stay (P = 0.065). Length of stay was shorter in group B (P = 0.024). There was no postoperative complication in either groups. Eight of 27 grafts in group A and 2 of 29 grafts in group B (P = 0.037) were occluded at the time of control angiography. CONCLUSIONS: : Early administration of a combined regimen of @entity1397 and @entity117 after OPCAB grafting is not associated with @entity86 or other major complications. Despite the small number of @entity1 in this study and small number of examined grafts, the results suggest that the addition of @entity1397 may increase graft patency after OPCAB grafting.

title: The effect of combined @entity1397 and XXXX therapy after off-pump coronary surgery: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['increased postoperative bleeding', 'Postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, longitudinal cohort. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, timing, and risk factors for reoperation in @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) treated with pedicle screws (PSs) compared with hybrid (Hb) constructs. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Rates of return to the operating room (OR) after definitive fusion for @entity1615 vary, with a paucity of data on @entity14554 constructs. METHODS: A prospective multicenter database was retrospectively queried to identify consecutive @entity1 with @entity1615 who underwent posterior spinal fusion with either @entity14554 or Hb constructs with a minimum 2-year follow-up. All reoperations were stratified into an early group (<60 d) or a late group (>60 d). Univariate and multivariate logistical analyses were performed to identify potential risk factors related to reoperation. RESULTS: A total of 627 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria ( @entity14554 = 540, Hb = 87). There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of reoperations between the @entity14554 (3.5%) and Hb groups (12.6%), P < 0.001. Early return to the OR occurred in 2.0% of the @entity1 with @entity14554 compared with 3.4% in the Hb group, P = 0.43. Late returns to the OR occurred in 1.5% of @entity14554 group versus 9.2% of the Hb group, P < 0.001. Multivariate analysis revealed longer operating time as an independent risk factor for an unplanned return to the OR in @entity1 treated with PSs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity1 with @entity1615 treated with @entity14554 have decreased rates of unplanned return to the OR when compared with @entity1 with Hb constructs. The majority of returns to the OR were early (<60 d) for the @entity14554 group compared with late (>60 d) for the Hb group. Longer operative times increased the risk of unplanned reoperation for the @entity14554 group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Unplanned return to the operating room in @entity1 with XXXX : are we doing better with pedicle screws?

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: @entity25286 ( @entity26494 ) belongs to the amoebae-associated microorganisms. Antibodies to @entity26494 have been found in @entity1 with @entity55 suggesting a potential role as a respiratory pathogen. In addition, positive serology for @entity26494 was associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay in @entity1 with @entity2489 . The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of @entity26494 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of @entity3124 @entity1 suspected of @entity2489 . The study was conducted in the intensive care unit of the Maastricht University Medical Centre. All consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained between January 2005 and October 2009 from @entity1 suspected of @entity2489 were eligible for inclusion. All samples were analyzed by real-time PCR targeting the @entity26494 . A total of 260 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from 214 @entity1 (139 male, 75 female) were included. @entity2028 was confirmed microbiologically in 105 out of 260 (40%) suspected episodes of @entity2489 (86 @entity1 ). The presence of @entity26494 DNA could not be demonstrated in the @entity2028 positive or in the @entity2028 negative bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Although suspected, @entity26494 appeared not to be present in @entity3124 @entity1 suspected of @entity2489 , and @entity26494 does not seem to be a frequent cause of @entity2489 .

title: Mimivirus is not a frequent cause of @entity2489 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity25286 :: ('212035', 'Species') :: ['Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'Bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: Clinical and experimental work indicate that a variety of factors contribute to @entity158 mechanisms, including @entity130 . While it has been qualitatively suggested that the magnitude of nerve root @entity130 affects the nature of the @entity158 response, no study has quantified the local in vivo injury biomechanics in these models. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to develop and implement an in vivo method to quantify compressive nerve @entity130 strain severity and characterize its effect on the resulting responses in an existing @entity614 @entity35 model. Male Holtzman @entity35 were divided into a sham group with only nerve root exposure or a ligation group with the nerve root tightly ligated using silk suture. Using image analysis, nerve root radial strains were calculated at the time of injury for two surgeons. Mechanical @entity1931 was continuously assessed throughout the study and spinal cord cytokine mRNA levels were assayed on postoperative day 7. The degree of intersurgeon variability for imposing a ligation injury in this model was also assessed. Mean compressive injury strains in the nerve root were 32.8+/-14.2% and were not different for the two experimenters. Animals undergoing more severe ligation strains exhibited significantly heightened @entity1931 following injury and greater upregulation of the inflammatory cytokines @entity8885 /beta, @entity568 , and @entity13358 . Results indicate a direct correlation of local nerve @entity130 severity with the ensuing physiologic responses associated with nociception.

title: Quantification of neural tissue injury in a XXXX @entity614 model: comparison of local deformation, behavioral outcomes, and spinal cytokine mRNA for two surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['root injury', 'mechanical injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent cells that have the capacity for self-renewal and for differentiation into the major cell types of the nervous system, i.e. neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The molecular mechanisms regulating gene transcription resulting in NSC differentiation and cell lineage specification are slowly being unraveled. An important mechanism in transcriptional regulation is modulation of chromatin by histone acetylation and deacetylation, allowing or blocking the access of transcriptional factors to DNA sequences. The precise involvement of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the differentiation of NSCs into mature functional neurons is still to be revealed. In this in vitro study we have investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) on the differentiation pattern of embryonic @entity19 NSCs during culture in a minimal, serum-free medium, lacking any induction or growth factor. We demonstrated that under these basic conditions @entity10319 treatment increased neuronal differentiation of the NSCs and decreased astrocyte differentiation. Most strikingly, electrophysiological recordings revealed that in our minimal culture system only @entity10319 -treated NSC-derived neurons developed normal electrophysiological membrane properties characteristic for functional, i.e. excitable and firing, neurons. Furthermore, @entity10319 -treated NSC-derived neurons were characterized by an increased elongation and arborization of the dendrites. Our study shows that chromatin structure modulation by HDACs plays an important role in the transcriptional regulation of the neuronal differentiation of embryonic NSCs particularly as far as the development of functional properties are concerned. Manipulation of HDAC activity may be an important tool to generate specific neuronal populations from NSCs for transplantation purposes.

title: Effects of histone deacetylation inhibition on neuronal differentiation of embryonic XXXX neural stem cells.

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Prolactin (PRL) is an important immunoregulator and might have a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). The regulation of pituitary prolactin secretion is complex and involves a negative feedback process in the hypothalamus, in which @entity935 plays the principal role. However, the main source of serum prolactin in @entity1252 @entity1 is still not clearly established. Since @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ), the principal metabolite of @entity935 (DA), is removed from the brain into the blood, it would indirectly reflect DA metabolism. It is assumed that the turnover of a neurotransmitter can be determined through an analysis of its metabolites. The objective of this study was to analyse plasma samples from @entity1252 @entity1 to see if there were any alterations in neurally functioning DA through its principal metabolite, @entity3829 . We also measured the levels of PRL and compared @entity3829 and PRL with the clinical activity of the disease. Twenty-four @entity1252 @entity1 and fifteen healthy controls were studied. The investigation was done over a period of 3 months. The results of this study show significantly low levels of @entity3829 in @entity1252 @entity1 compared to controls (P < 0.0001). This corresponds to a decrease in @entity935 turnover. @entity4089 was observed in nine @entity1 , and the average level of prolactin in @entity1252 @entity1 was higher than in healthy controls (P < 0.001). For the duration of the study, a significant percentage of variation was observed in the levels of @entity3829 in the clinically active @entity1 (P < 0.05) compared to inactive @entity1 . When PRL was compared in these groups, throughout the study, no significant percentage of variation was observed. The relationship between @entity3829 and PRL in healthy controls was r = 0.47, P = 0.08, and in @entity1 was r = 0.04, P = 0.84. It is suggested that there is a probable association between plasma levels of @entity3829 and PRL in the healthy controls and not in the @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Plasma @entity4926 and prolactin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Abnormalities of striatal @entity2227 neurotransmission may play a role in the pathophysiology of @entity191 and may respond to neurosurgical interventions, specifically stimulation or lesioning of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). The major glutamatergic afferent pathways to the striatum are from the cortex and thalamus, and are thus likely to be sources of striatal neuronally-released @entity2227 . Corticostriatal terminals can be distinguished within the striatum at the electron microscopic level as their synaptic vesicles contain the vesicular @entity2227 transporter, @entity3862 . The majority of terminals which are immunolabeled for @entity2227 but are not @entity3862 positive are likely to be thalamostriatal afferents. We compared the effects of short term, high frequency, STN stimulation and lesioning in @entity2955 ( @entity2955 )-lesioned @entity35 upon striatal terminals immunolabeled for both presynaptic @entity2227 and @entity3862 . @entity2955 lesions resulted in a small but significant increase in the proportions of @entity3862 -labeled terminals making synapses on dendritic shafts rather than spines. STN stimulation for one hour, but not STN lesions, increased the proportion of synapses upon spines. The density of presynaptic @entity2227 immuno-gold labeling was unchanged in both @entity3862 -labeled and -unlabeled terminals in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 compared to controls. @entity35 with @entity2955 lesions+STN stimulation showed a decrease in nerve terminal @entity2227 immuno-gold labeling in both @entity3862 -labeled and -unlabeled terminals. STN lesions resulted in a significant decrease in the density of presynaptic immuno-gold-labeled @entity2227 only in @entity3862 -labeled terminals. STN interventions may achieve at least part of their therapeutic effect in @entity1726 by normalizing the location of corticostriatal glutamatergic terminals and by altering striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission.

title: Effects of subthalamic nucleus lesions and stimulation upon corticostriatal afferents in the @entity2955 -lesioned XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We prospectively evaluated the relation of upper airway, lower airway, and gastric colonization patterns with the development of @entity55 and its etiology in 48 @entity1 with surgical (n = 25) and medical (n = 23) @entity542 . Initial colonization was assessed by cultures of nasal and pharyngeal swabs, tracheobronchial aspirates, gastric juice, and bronchoscopically retrieved protected specimen brush. Follow-up colonization was determined until the end points extubation, suspected @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ), or @entity204 . The initial colonization rate at any site at ICU admission was 39/47 (83%). It mainly accounted for Group I pathogens ( @entity328 , @entity794 , @entity6932 ) of the upper and lower airways. At follow-up, colonization rates with Group II pathogens (Gram-negative enteric bacilli and Pseudomonas spp.) increased significantly. The high initial bacterial load with Group I pathogens of the upper airways and @entity825 decreased during Days 2 to 4, whereas that of Group II pathogens increased. Upper airway colonization was an independent predictor of follow-up tracheobronchial colonization (odds ratio [OR], 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 56.3 for initial colonization with Group I pathogens; OR, 23.9; 95% CI, 3.8 to 153.3 for follow-up colonization with Group II pathogens). Previous (short-term) antibiotics had a protective effect against colonization with Group I pathogens of the lower respiratory tract (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.86), but they were a risk factor for colonization with Group II pathogens (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 29). Initial tracheobronchial colonization with Group I pathogens was associated with a higher probability of early onset @entity55 (OR, 4. 1; 95% CI, 0.7 to 23.3), whereas prolonged antibiotic treatment (> 24 h) independently predicted late-onset @entity55 (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 51.3). We conclude that @entity1 with @entity542 are colonized in the airways mainly by Group I pathogens early in the evolution of illness. The upper airways represent the main reservoir for subsequent lower airway colonization with Group I pathogens. Previous (short-term) antibiotic treatment is protective against initial tracheobronchial colonization with Group I pathogens, but it represents a risk factor for subsequent lower airway colonization by Group II pathogens.

title: Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated @entity1 with traumatic and medical @entity542 . Incidence, risk factors, and association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia']


abstract: Hemodynamic monitoring has been used extensively during the last decades for risk stratification and guiding treatment of @entity1 with cardiovascular destabilization, especially in the scenario of @entity712 and @entity299 . Every cardiac pump has its own maximum performance, which denotes its pumping capability. The heart is a muscular mechanical pump with an ability to generate both flow (cardiac output) and pressure. The product of flow output and systemic arterial pressure is the rate of useful work done, "or the cardiac power" ( @entity299 ). Cardiac pumping capability can be defined as the cardiac power output achieved by the heart during maximal stimulation, and cardiac reserve is the increase in power output as the cardiac performance is increased from the resting to the maximally stimulated state (CPR). Resting @entity299 for a hemodynamically stable average sized adult is approximately 1 W. However, during stress or exercise, CPR can be recruited to increase the heart's pumping ability up to 6 W. In @entity712 , the @entity1 becomes hemodynamically unstable, and most of the cardiac pumping potential is recruited in order to sustain life. Hence, cardiac power measurements in @entity1 with @entity712 or with @entity1455 at rest represent most of the recruitable reserve available during the acute event, and their measurement reflects the severity of the @entity1 's condition. It has been found that a cutoff value for @entity299 of 0.53 W accurately predict in-hospital mortality for @entity1455 @entity1 . Others investigators observed cutoff for increased mortality of @entity299 < 1 W, data that were obtained at doses of maximal pharmacologic support yielding the individual maximal @entity299 . In our experience, the cutoff value for @entity299 that accurately predicts in-hospital mortality for @entity1455 @entity1 is 0.7 W, but its impact on short-term prognosis is clearer if the @entity1 achieves a @entity299 equal or higher than 1 W after an optimal myocardial revascularization with interventional cardiac procedures. According to the data collected from the literature, @entity299 deserves a place in the evaluation of the @entity1 with @entity1455 due to an @entity583 , but a more profound analysis of this parameter an further evaluation are required in order to better understand its prognostic meaning in this @entity299 .

title: ["Cardiac power output" an old tool, possibly a modern tool for assessing cardiac pumping capability, as well as for a short-term prognosis in XXXX due to @entity583 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac syndrome', 'cardiac shock', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity703 are at risk for new @entity5 and @entity3 . Renal parenchymal sparing surgery has been performed to preserve renal function and quality of life, and prevent @entity3 . We evaluated a 3 cm. threshold for performing renal parenchymal sparing surgery in @entity1 with @entity280 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity703 were identified by screening affected kindred and by kindred history. @entity1 with small @entity5 were followed with serial imaging studies until the largest @entity703 was 3 cm., when renal parenchymal sparing surgery was performed. @entity703 greater than 3 cm. were resected without delay. Parenchymal sparing techniques were used when possible in each group. RESULTS: The 3 cm. surgical threshold was evaluated in 52 @entity1 with @entity280 (group 1) at a median followup of 60 months (range 6 to 205). None of these @entity1 had @entity3 and none has required renal transplantation or dialysis. In 44 @entity1 with @entity280 (group 2) @entity703 larger than 3 cm. developed. Median followup from the initial radiological diagnosis of @entity703 in this group was 66.5 months (range 0 to 321). @entity1 in group 1 underwent parenchymal sparing surgery instead of nephrectomy more frequently than those in group 2 (46 of 48 operations or 96% versus 45 of 72 or 63%, Fisher's exact test p <0.0001). In contrast to @entity1 in group 1, @entity3 @entity703 developed in 11 of the 44 in group 2 (25%) (Fisher's exact test p <0.0001). A total of 23 @entity1 with @entity703 were also identified. Median followup in these cases was 44 months (range 0 to 237). Ten @entity1 had @entity5 less than 3 cm. No @entity1 with @entity5 less than 3 cm. and 2 of the 13 (15%) with larger @entity5 had @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Using a 3 cm. @entity703 diameter as an indication for renal surgery no @entity1 with @entity703 and @entity280 had @entity3 regardless of the number of @entity5 . Using a lesion size of 3 cm. as a threshold for performing renal parenchymal sparing surgery may help to prevent @entity3 , @entity8 due to frequent surgery and renal dialysis or transplantation.

title: @entity703 in families with @entity703 : prospective analysis of a XXXX size threshold for renal parenchymal sparing surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['unnecessary renal damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease or hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease and hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal tumor', 'hereditary papillary renal cancer', 'renal tumors', 'hereditary forms of renal cancer', 'Renal tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distinguishing between synchronous @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity1 with bilateral lung masses is often difficult. The objective of this study is to examine outcomes associated with a strategy of performing staged bilateral resections in @entity1 without N2 disease based on invasive mediastinal staging and without distant metastases. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing resections of bilateral @entity2 at our institution between 1997 and 2010 were reviewed. Perioperative complications were graded according to National @entity5 Institute guidelines. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using a log-rank test. End points included overall survival, disease-free survival, operative @entity204 , @entity5 recurrence, and @entity260 . RESULTS: Resections of bilateral synchronous @entity2 were performed in 47 @entity1 . Forty-five @entity1 (96%) had at least a unilateral thoracoscopic approach; 28 (60%) had bilateral thoracoscopic approaches. The median postresection length of stay was 3 days. Thirteen @entity1 (28%) had a @entity260 ; only 3 (6%) were grade 3 or higher. There was 1 perioperative @entity204 (2%). Eleven @entity1 received adjuvant therapy; only 3 @entity1 in whom adjuvant therapy was indicated did not receive the recommended treatment. The overall 3-year survival was 35%. Survival of @entity1 whose @entity5 had identical histology did not differ from @entity1 whose histology was different (p = 0.57). Three-year disease-free survival was 24%. CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive surgical treatment of apparent synchronous bilateral primary @entity2 can be performed with low morbidity. Most @entity1 tolerate the bilateral surgeries and adjuvant therapy. Overall survival is sufficiently high to support this aggressive approach.

title: Outcomes after surgical management of synchronous bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral tumors', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous primary lung cancer', 'lung cancer', 'primary lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancers']


abstract: For a long time, the hypothalamic nonapeptide @entity398 (OT) is known to play a crucial role in many reproductive and behavioral functions. In recent years, a new biological effect of OT has been identified in neoplastic pathology. In this context, OT acts as a growth regulator. through the activation of specific G-coupled transmembrane receptors ( @entity25809 ). In vitro, an antiproliferative effect of OT was demonstrated in neoplastic cells of either epithelial (mammary and endometrial) or nervous or bone origin, all expressing @entity25809 . Furthermore, the growth-inhibiting effect of OT was also tested and confirmed in @entity19 and @entity35 mammary @entity189 in vivo. In neoplastic cells from another OT target tissue, trophoblast, the OT effect was to promote proliferation, the opposite of what previously observed in all the other @entity5 responsive cells. The signal transduction involved in the OT biological effect was different in OT growth-inhibited or growth-stimulated cells. In the former, the OT effect was mediated by the activation of the @entity268 -PKA pathway, a non-conventional OT signaling, whereas in the latter by the increase of intracellular @entity460 and @entity669 phosphorylation, which are the 'classical' OT transducers. The unexpected role of OT (and OT analogues) in regulating cell proliferation, as well as the diffuse expression of @entity25809 in neoplastic tissue of different origin, open new perspectives on the biological role of the OT- @entity25809 system in @entity5 .

title: Biological relevance of @entity398 and @entity398 receptors in @entity5 cells and primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic OT', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: This study investigated sex differences between the EEGs of Combined and Inattentive types of @entity71 ( @entity71 ) within @entity1 and @entity1 aged 8-12 years. Subject groups included 80 @entity71 Combined type (40 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ), 80 @entity71 Inattentive type (40 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ) and 80 controls (40 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 ). An eyes-closed resting EEG was recorded and Fourier transformed to provide estimates for absolute and relative power in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands, as well as total power and the theta/beta ratio. The @entity1 @entity71 groups, compared with @entity1 controls, had greater absolute and relative theta, greater theta/beta ratio, reduced absolute and relative alpha, and reduced absolute and relative beta. The @entity1 @entity71 groups, compared with @entity1 controls, had greater absolute delta, greater absolute and relative theta, greater theta/beta ratio, greater total power, and reduced relative delta and relative beta. Between @entity71 types, Combined type @entity1 had globally greater absolute and relative theta, greater theta/beta ratio, and less relative alpha than Inattentive type @entity1 . While topographical differences emerged, there were no significant global differences between @entity71 types in @entity1 . That is, EEG differences between @entity71 types are dissimilar in @entity1 and @entity1 . Different EEG maturational patterns between @entity1 and @entity1 also obscure @entity71 -related EEG abnormalities. These results have important implications for our understanding of @entity71 in @entity1 . Ignoring such sex differences may have compromised the value of previous @entity71 investigations, and these sex differences should be recognised in future research.

title: Sex differences between the combined and inattentive types of XXXX : an EEG perspective.

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['AD/HD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: Neonicotinoid insecticides are widely used for controlling sucking pests, and sublethal effects can be expected in beneficial arthropods like natural enemies. Serangium japonicum is an important predator in many agricultural systems in China, and a potential biological control agent against @entity3745 . We evaluated the @entity137 of @entity5051 to @entity2043 and its impact on the functional response to @entity3745 eggs. @entity2043 adults exposed through contact to dried residues of @entity5051 at the recommended field rate on @entity2708 against @entity3745 (4 g active ingredient per 100 l, i.e. 40 ppm [part per million]), and reduced rates (25, 20, 15 and 10 ppm) for 24 h showed high mortality rates. The mortality induced by a lowest rate, 5 ppm, was not significantly different than the control group and thus it was considered as a sublethal rate. The lethal rate 50 and hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated to be 11.54 ppm and 3.47 respectively, indicating a risk for @entity2043 in treated fields (HQ > 2). When exposed to dried residues of @entity5051 at the sublethal rate (5 ppm) on @entity2708 leaves, functional response of @entity2043 to @entity3745 eggs was affected with an increase in handling time and a reduction in peak consumption of eggs. @entity5051 residues also disturbed predator voracity, the number of @entity3745 eggs consumed on treated leaves being significantly lower than on untreated leaves. All effects disappeared within a few hours after transfer to untreated @entity2708 leaves. @entity5051 systemically applied at the recommended field rate (for @entity2708 ) showed no @entity137 to @entity2043 , nor affected the functional response of the predator. Sublethal effects of @entity5051 on @entity2043 observed in our study likely negatively affect @entity2043 development and reproductive capacity and may ultimately reduce predator population growth. These results hint at the importance of assessing potential effects of @entity5051 on @entity2043 for developing effective integrated pest management programs of @entity3745 in China.

title: Lethal effect of XXXX on the coccinellid predator Serangium japonicum and sublethal effects on predator voracity and on functional response to the whitefly @entity3745 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Species') :: ['Bemisia tabaci', 'B. tabaci']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['Imidacloprid', 'imidacloprid']

answer: @entity5051 :: (MESH:C082359,Chemical) :: ['imidacloprid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Control of serum @entity1391 over the long term is essential in @entity1 with @entity454 . Six-month and 2-year extensions to a 6-month study evaluated the long-term safety, tolerability and efficacy of the new @entity1391 binder @entity19006 . METHODS: @entity1 who participated in a 6-month, randomized trial comparing @entity19006 with @entity4959 were eligible for a 24-week, open-label extension. @entity19006 -treated @entity1 continued taking their established maintenance dose ('continued- @entity3740 group') and @entity4959 -treated @entity1 switched to @entity19006 , 375-3,000 mg/day ('switch group'). @entity1 could also enter a further 2-year extension. Efficacy parameters, including serum @entity1391 , were monitored. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity1391 was approximately 1.80 mmol/l throughout the trial. The percentage of @entity1 with controlled serum @entity1391 (< or =1.80 mmol/l) after the 6-month extension was 63.3 and 58.4% in the continued- @entity3740 and switch groups, respectively; after the 2-year extension, 54.4% of @entity1 had controlled serum @entity1391 . After discontinuation of @entity4959 and initiation of @entity19006 , the @entity2741 incidence was 2.7%, compared with 20.2% during the double-blind phase. @entity460 x @entity1391 product was maintained at an acceptable level. @entity19006 was well tolerated; adverse events were mild/moderate and mainly gastrointestinal. CONCLUSIONS: @entity19006 maintains effectiveness with continued tolerability for up to 3 years.

title: Long-term efficacy and tolerability of XXXX : results from a 3-year study.

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity19006 :: ('MESH:C119467', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum carbonate', 'Lanthanum carbonate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity19006 :: (MESH:C119467,Chemical) :: ['lanthanum carbonate']


abstract: RATIONALE: We have previously shown that during the acute response to @entity4944 , a stimulant that released @entity935 , behavioral sensitivity to the drug undergoes dynamic changes, as evident in the altered behavioral profile expressed to the subsequent administration of a low dose of the drug. OBJECTIVE: The present studies were designed to determine if these dynamic changes in sensitivity occur with @entity4944 -like stimulants that act primarily by blocking @entity935 uptake. METHODS: Groups of animals were primed with 40 mg/kg @entity2072 or 30 mg/kg @entity2727 , then during the acute response, a low, locomotor-stimulant dose of @entity4944 (1.5 mg/kg) was administered to probe for changes in sensitivity. Conversely, to determine whether the manifestation of the increased responsivity is idiosyncratic to @entity4944 , animals were also primed with @entity4944 (4 mg/kg), then probed with low doses of @entity2072 (10 and 20 mg/kg) or @entity2727 (10 mg/kg). Parallel microdialysis studies were performed to assess the caudate-put-amen and nucleus accumbens extracellular @entity935 responses. RESULTS: Priming with the uptake blockers each resulted in a stereotypy response to the subsequent low-dose @entity4944 probe. Likewise, after priming with @entity4944 , the uptake blockers each induced a pronounced stereotypy response. In each case, these changes in behavioral responsivity were expressed in the absence of corresponding changes in the probe-induced regional @entity935 responses. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic changes in behavioral sensitivity during the response to acute stimulant administration are a characteristic common to both @entity935 releasers and uptake blockers. These rapid changes in sensitivity may contribute to the behaviors associated with binge patterns of @entity734 .

title: Dynamic changes in sensitivity occur during the acute response to XXXX and @entity2727 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug abuse']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: A population-based case-control study of @entity263 was performed in King County, Washington, in White @entity1 and Black @entity1 aged 40-64 years, between 1993 and 1996. Incident @entity263 cases (n = 753) were identified from the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) @entity5 registry. Controls (n = 703) were identified through random digit dialing and were frequency matched to cases on age. Sexual behavior, medical history, and other @entity263 risk factors were ascertained through an in- @entity1 interview. There was no relation between @entity263 , although the number of @entity1 who had sex with @entity1 was small. Risk estimates increased directly with the lifetime number of female sexual partners (trend p < 0.001) but not with male partners (trend p = 0.62). Risk also increased with decreasing age at first intercourse, but this effect disappeared after adjusting for the number of female partners. Prior infection with @entity2954 was positively associated with risk (odds ratio = 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.2), but no effect was seen among @entity1 with other @entity2953 . No relation between lifetime frequency of sexual intercourse and risk of @entity263 was apparent. These findings are consistent with previous studies that support an infectious etiology for @entity263 .

title: Sexual factors and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2954 :: ('MESH:D006069', 'Disease') :: ['gonorrhea']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['potential prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'sexual orientation and prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: In more than 95% of @entity1 , the @entity2828 ( @entity18721 ) has chimeric transcripts caused by fusion of the @entity12726 gene to either @entity21468 or @entity9493 . The presence of specific @entity12726 - @entity21468 or @entity12726 - @entity9493 transcripts in peripheral blood (PB) samples of @entity1 being treated for @entity18721 was prospectively evaluated, and these data were correlated to their clinical status. The authors studied 113 PB samples from 28 @entity1 with @entity18721 . Treatment included chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical excision of @entity5 after induction therapy. PB samples were taken prospectively at least 2 weeks after resection of @entity5 . Nested reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern blot was performed in all samples. @entity5 were reviewed for the degree of response to chemotherapy and volume. Seventy-seven PB samples from 28 @entity1 had @entity12726 - @entity21468 / @entity9493 transcripts. In 11 @entity1 , PB samples became negative with treatment, and, in 5 of them, the samples remained negative throughout the study. Samples taken during progression were always positive and, in 4 @entity1 , became positive before progression was clinically evident. All @entity1 with transcripts other than @entity12726 - @entity21468 type 1 (n = 3) died from @entity5 progression. This is a sensitive assay to monitor circulating @entity5 cells in @entity2828 . The preliminary data suggest that progression is preceded by positive samples and may be related to specific transcript types.

title: XXXX : potential prognostic value of reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction detection of minimal residual disease in peripheral blood samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing tumors', 'Ewing family of tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Resected tumors']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing family tumors']