abstract: Previous studies in female @entity35 have shown that @entity172 increases @entity18812 (PPE) mRNA levels in the ventrolateral part of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMHVL), an area implicated in the modulation of sexual behavior. In order to assess the physiological role of hypothalamic opioid expression in @entity1515 reflex 16-mer oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) directed towards the PPE mRNA were acutely microinjected above the VMH of @entity53 -primed ovariectomized @entity35 . @entity53 -induced @entity1515 behavior was observed in response to a stud male 2 days thereafter. Antisense (without or with 4 mismatches) ODN injections near the VMHVL resulted in a significant reduction in @entity1515 quotient compared to control (reverse sense) ODN treatment or to antisense ODN injections targeted anterior or posterior to the VMHVL. In contrast, locomotor activity of these animals in the open-field test was not affected by ODN treatments. @entity10971 immunoreactive levels were determined by radioimmunoassay in the preoptic area, a major terminal field of the VMHVL. @entity53 -induced @entity10971 levels were greatly reduced in antisense-treated groups. Using the in situ hybridization technique, PPE mRNA levels in the VMHVL were also determined. A 1.5-2-fold increase in PPE mRNA levels was observed in @entity53 -treated @entity35 compared to ovariectomized @entity35 as previously described. This increase in PPE mRNA levels was not affected by ODN treatment, suggesting that the reduction of @entity10971 expression was mainly due to physical blockade of PPE mRNA translation and not to its degradation. Taken together, these data further support the behavioral role of PPE expressing VMHVL neurons. They also highlight the in vivo potency of acute administration of antisense phosphorothioate ODNs in blocking neuronal target gene expression.

title: Effects of an intrahypothalamic injection of antisense oligonucleotides for preproenkephalin mRNA in female @entity35 : evidence for opioid involvement in XXXX reflex.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin']

answer: @entity1515 :: (MESH:D008141,Disease) :: ['lordosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Heart transplantation (HTx) in @entity1 with complex @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is a challenge because of @entity11578 and multiple previous procedures. We analysed our results in adult and paediatric @entity1 to evaluate outcome and assess risk factors affecting mortality. METHODS: Between 1985 and 2011, among 839 @entity1 who underwent HTx, 85 received transplantation for end-stage @entity299 . @entity1 were divided into four age subgroups: <1 year (8 @entity1 , Group I), 1-10 years (20 @entity1 , Group II), 11-18 years (24 @entity1 , Group III) and >18 years (33 @entity1 , Group IV) and into two time periods: 1985-2000 (47 @entity1 ) and 2001-2011 (38 @entity1 ). Anatomical diagnoses were single-ventricle defect in 37 @entity1 (44%) and two-ventricle defect in 48 @entity1 (56%). Seventy-three @entity1 (86%) had undergone one or more cardiac surgical procedures prior to HTx (mean 2.4    0.9). Twenty-two of them were suffering from Fontan failure. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was 25.2    14.2 mmHg. Mean transpulmonary gradient was 9.4    6.9 mmHg. RESULTS: Mean follow-up after HTx was 7.8    6.8 years. Survival at 1 month was 37.7% in Group I, 85.8% in Group II, 96.8% in Group II and 98.4% in Group IV and was significantly worse in younger recipients. Overall 30-day mortality was 17.6%. Currently 56 @entity1 (65.8%) are alive. Overall survival at 1, 5, 10 and 15 years is 83-, 73-, 67- and 58%, respectively. There were 14 late deaths. Univariate analysis found that risk factors for early and late @entity204 were those related to @entity221 , such as pre-transplant @entity1011 , intravenous inotropic drugs, intravenous diuretics, mechanical ventilation and presence of @entity6518 ( @entity6518 ). Multivariate analysis for all events (early and late deaths) identified preoperative mechanical ventilation as an independent risk factor for mortality. Number of previous procedures did not influence survival. Previous Fontan procedure did not increase mortality. We documented the reversibility of @entity6518 in survivors. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that heart transplantation for @entity1 with @entity299 can be performed with the expectation of excellent results. Previous procedures, including the Fontan operation, do not reduce survival. Mortality is related to preoperative @entity1 condition. We advocate early referral of complex @entity299 @entity1 for transplant assessment and for inclusion in waiting lists before the detrimental effects of end-stage failure manifest themselves.

title: Is XXXX a good option? A 25-year single centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11578 :: ('MESH:D020914', 'Disease') :: ['structural anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy', 'PLE']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['recipient illness']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart transplantation for complex congenital heart disease']


abstract: Very short-term heart rate variability (HRV) is thought to reflect dynamic changes in autonomic nervous activity, which is helpful in understanding the role of autonomic nervous function (ANF) in the mechanisms underlying @entity386 -induced @entity943 . The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of repetitive end-inspiration breath holding on very short-term HRV. A total of 32 young healthy @entity1 took part in the experiments. Three trials were performed, each involving seven repetitive end-inspiration breath holding and a 30   s recovery period between breath holding. Durations of breath holding in the three trials were 1:2:3. The study first evaluated the effect of analyzed data lengths on the stability of HRV indices and determined three HRV indices suitable for very short-term analysis. The results showed that in most cases, during breath holding, the square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal RR intervals (rMSSD) was significantly lower, but normalized units of the power in the low frequency band ranging from 0.04 to 0.15   Hz (nLF) and LF/high frequency (HF) were significantly higher than those during corresponding durations under the normal breathing conditions. On the contrary, during recovery after breath holding, rMSSD was significantly higher but nLF and LF/HF were lower than normal. Moreover, the durations of breath holding had no significant influence on the variations of LF/HF. In addition, as @entity1 repeated the breath holding, HRV indices varied non-linearly. HRV changes may indicate sympathetic activation during breath holding and parasympathetic activation during recovery after breath holding. In conjunction with the existing physiological interpretation based on changes in heart rate, the results may imply that breath holding leads to both cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activation simultaneously, which may be a possible pathogenic factor of @entity386 -induced @entity943 .

title: Effect of repetitive end-inspiration breath holding on very short-term heart rate variability in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The essential oils of kaffir @entity48720 (Citrus hystrix DC.) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) were studied for their repellency, excitation, and knockdown properties against laboratory strains of @entity4224 (L.) and @entity31644 Theobald using an excito-repellency test system. Both contact and noncontact escape responses to leaf- and peel-derived kaffir @entity48720 oils were observed. Comparing unadjusted escape responses for An. minimus, leaf oil had strong combined irritant and repellent activity responses at 1-5% concentrations (90.0-96.4% escape) and the strongest spatial repellent activity at 1% and 2% (85.9% and 87.2% escape, respectively). The peel oil exhibited good excitation with repellency at concentrations of 2.5% (89.8% escape) and 5% (96.28% escape), while concentrations 1-5% showed more moderate repellent activity against An. minimus. For Ae. aegypti, 2.5% leaf oil produced the greatest response for both contact (56.1% escape) and noncontact (63.3% escape) trials, while 2.5% produced the strongest response among all concentrations of peel oil, with 46.5% escape. However, after adjusting the contact trial escape (a measure of combined excitation and repellency), the estimated escape due to contact alone was a much weaker response than spatial repellency for both species. Knockdown responses above 50% were only observed in Ae. aegypti exposed to 5% leaf oil. Kaffir @entity48720 oils were more active against An. minimus than Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. There were statistically significant differences between leaf (more active) and peel oils at each concentration against An. minimus in contact and noncontact trials, except at the highest (5%) concentration.

title: Excito-Repellency of Citrus hystrix DC Leaf and Peel Essential Oils Against XXXX and @entity31644 (Diptera: Culicidae), Vectors of Human Pathogens.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity31644 :: ('112268', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles minimus']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of open partial aponeurectomy for recurrent @entity2074 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with recurrent @entity2074 of 22 fingers were retrospectively assessed with a mean follow-up time of 94  months (range: 70-114  months). Examination parameters included the determination of range of motion (ROM), grip strength, @entity158 and subjective outcome (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire). SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Dissection with special regard to former skin incision and expected wound defect. Modified incisions after Bruner (Mini-Bruner incisions) were facilitated. Dissection started at the palm. Fibrous tissue was resected proximally within the palm including vertical fibrotic septae. Direct preparation of the neurovascular bundles (NVB) was facilitated from proximal to distal. If the anatomy of the @entity531 became unclear around the natatory ligament preparation of the NVB at the distal end of the fibrous cord was performed. After complete preparation of a NVB, dissection was continued from medial to lateral until the other bundle was completely released. Transposition flaps and skin transplants were often used for sufficient wound closure. RESULTS: Recurrence rate was 36  % applying the definition of van Rijssen et al. Fifteen @entity1 had a grip strength of 90  % or higher in comparison to the contralateral side. Ten @entity1 had a pinch strength of 90  % or higher in comparison to the contralateral side. All @entity1 except for one had @entity158 reduction or none postoperatively. Fifteen @entity1 had a DASH score of 15 or lower (range: 0-47). An unrelated @entity16039 amputation was suffered due to wound healing complications. CONCLUSIONS: Open partial aponeurectomy performed by a board certified hand surgeon proved to be safe. The postoperative functional outcome seemed to be related to the individual course of the disease.

title: The efficacy of open partial aponeurectomy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's contracture"]

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's contracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent vascular studies suggests that @entity1 with @entity432 ( @entity432 ) and with elevated score of @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ), especially @entity6 , have an increased prevalence of @entity4218 , increased incidence of lower limb amputations, and an overall poor outcome of their @entity432 . The aim of this study is to evaluate an overall outcome of @entity432 , Fontaine stage III and IV, and to correlate their outcome with score of @entity4059 . METHODS: We enrolled a group of 136 @entity1 (99 males and 37 females), with an average of 63.7 yrs and SD 12.2 all with @entity432 , Fontaine stage III and IV. We divided pts in three groups--pts on medicament treatment--MT group, pts for lower limb amputation-- @entity860 group, and pts for vascular surgery. According to their clinical stage we had group in Fontaine stage III (n-48), and Fontaine IV (n-88). We followed 9 clinical variables: age, gender, @entity286 , arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , hyperlipidaemia, level of fibrinogen, coronary ischaemic disease and @entity66 . RESULTS: In MT group we had n-91 (66.9%) with @entity4059 score of 3.42. In Fontaine stage III we had 37 pts with @entity4059 score of 3.89, and in Fontaine stage IV we had 54 pts with @entity4059 score of 3.37. In @entity860 group we had n-23 pts (16.9%) with @entity4059 score of 3.39, and all pts were in F IV stage. In VH group we had n-22 pts (16.1%) with @entity4059 score of 3.1. In VH group 50% of pts were in F IV stage. In overall group (n-136) we had a significant number of Fontaine IV stage pts, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: We had a high risk group of @entity1 , with mean @entity4059 score of 3.42, 23 pts (16.9%) were referred for lower limb amputation, and 23 pts (16.9%) for vascular surgery. @entity4059 score correlate with overall outcome of @entity432 , r = 0.72, p < 0.001.

title: [General outcome in critical limb ischemia in XXXX with @entity432 ( @entity432 )].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['multiple risk factors', 'MRF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease', 'AOD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Amblyopia screening during childhood is critical for early detection and successful treatment. In the current study, we develop and evaluate a screening method that exploits the imbalanced interocular inhibition between amblyopic and fellow eyes. In nineteen subjects with @entity4457 and twenty-two age-matched subjects with @entity1714 , we measured the area under the contrast sensitivity functions (AUCSFs) in eight monocular conditions defined by the tested eye (left, right), patching of the untested eye (translucent, opaque), and refractive status (corrected, uncorrected). For each tested eye, we defined the inhibition index as the ratio between the AUCSF values obtained in the translucent and opaque patching conditions of the untested eye. To evaluate the screening potential of the inhibition index, we compared results from @entity1 with @entity4457 and @entity1714 . With and without optical correction, the index was significantly lower in the amblyopic eye than in the fellow eye of the amblyopic subjects and both eyes of the myopic subjects. No significant difference was found among the two eyes of the myopic subjects and the fellow eyes of the amblyopic subjects. With the inhibition index as the predictor, a logistic regression model successfully discriminated @entity735 from @entity735 with 100% accuracy in the uncorrected condition. In the corrected condition, with the inhibition index and interocular visual acuity difference as predictors, @entity735 were likewise discriminated from @entity735 with 100% accuracy. This pattern of CSF changes, caused by the different patching modes of the untested eye, provides a potential CSF signature to discriminate @entity4457 from @entity1714 .

title: Discriminating @entity4457 from XXXX based on interocular inhibition.

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopic eyes', 'myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Store-operated @entity460 entry (SOCE) is activated within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) junctions in the plasma membrane and involves assembly of the channels, @entity7011 and @entity7012 , with the regulatory protein, @entity7010 , in response to depletion of @entity141 in the ER. The dynamic assembly of the channel complexes as well as regulation of channel activity and cell function is dependent on critical components that are either already localized in and/or recruited to the junctions following cell stimulation. These include proteins and lipids in the plasma membrane, ER, and cytosol. Together, these coordinated interactions lead to assembly and activation of @entity7011 / @entity7010 and @entity7012 / @entity7010 channels. Recent studies demonstrate that @entity141 signals generated by @entity7011 are detected locally within the ER-PM junctions by various signaling proteins that trigger and regulate other @entity141 -dependent functions. One such function is the plasma membrane recruitment of @entity7012 channels where it is activated by @entity7010 . Activation of @entity7012 within the ER-PM junctions leads to generation of distinct [ @entity141 ]i signals and regulation of cellular functions different from those regulated by @entity7011 . Thus, it has been suggested that @entity7011 and @entity7012 channels are compartmentalized in distinct microdomains. Such compartmentalization involves organization of plasma membrane lipids as well as structural and scaffolding proteins, the nature of which is still poorly understood. Importantly, there appears to be dynamic reorganization of the microdomains within existing ER-PM junctions that allow segregated proteins to interact. Together, these highly specific and coordinated remodeling of protein complexes and membrane domains results in generation of spatially- and temporally-controlled @entity141 signals that are critical for numerous downstream cellular functions.

title: Molecular determinants of XXXX regulation within ER-PM junctions.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7012 :: (7220,Gene) :: ['TRPC1']


abstract: Throughout vegetative growth, @entity4328 amoebae secrete an autocrine factor, prestarvation factor, PSF, which accumulates in proportion to cell density. During late exponential growth, PSF induces the expression of several genes whose products are needed for @entity268 signaling and cell aggregation. Among these genes are discoidin-I and the 2.4-kb transcript of cyclic @entity377 phosphodiesterase (PDE). We have identified several parameters that modulate expression of one or both of these prestarvation response genes; all effects were monitored in cells growing exponentially on bacteria. Under these conditions, axenic mutants produce higher levels of PSF activity than wild-type cells. Consistent with the high PSF levels, the 2.4-kb PDE transcript is more abundant in @entity6475 than wild-type cells at the same cell density. In contrast, the density-dependent induction of discoidin-I is greatly delayed in @entity6475 , occurring only at the very end of exponential growth. Analysis of @entity6475 of independent origin suggested that this negative effect on discoidin-I expression is attributable to the axenic mutations themselves. The effects of two environmental factors that inhibit the prestarvation response (the bacteria upon which the cells feed and a bacterial product, @entity1501 ) were also analyzed. We found that @entity1501 does not account for the inhibitory effect of bacteria. Cells deficient in the G-protein beta subunit, which is thought to be common to all heterotrimeric G-proteins in @entity4328 , respond to PSF in the same manner as G beta+ cells, and this response is inhibited by bacteria. However, @entity1501 has no inhibitory effect on g beta- cells, indicating that @entity1501 inhibition is mediated by a heterotrimeric G-protein. In cells lacking the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A, the prestarvation response is severely impaired, but about 3% of the pka- cells manifest an apparently normal density-dependent induction of discoidin-I. This behavior and the heterogeneity of the prestarvation response in wild-type cells lead us to speculate that protein kinase A may not be required for PSF signal transduction per se, but rather may render the cells responsive to PSF. Based on analysis of adenylyl cyclase mutants (aca-), the effect of protein kinase A is not @entity268 -dependent.

title: Genetic and physiologic modulation of the prestarvation response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4328 :: ('44689', 'Species') :: ['Dictyostelium']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['axenic strains']

answer: @entity4328 :: (44689,Species) :: ['Dictyostelium discoideum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnosis and management of bronchial rutpture from blunt @entity130 . METHODS: A group of 31 @entity1 with @entity397 was involved. Chest roentgenography, tomography and bronchoscopy were performed on all @entity1 . The surgical technique and complications were described. RESULTS: Diagnosis was confirmed by tomography and bronchoscopy in all the @entity1 . End to end @entity254 was used in 26 @entity1 . Four @entity1 were operated with total pneumonectomy. One @entity1 was repaired with an intercostal muscle and rib flap with blood supply. Of the 31 @entity1 , one died of adult @entity649 after operation. Most @entity1 had excellent surgical outcomes. 81% (25/31) of the @entity397 were delayed in diagnosis and treatment. The classic symptoms and signs of @entity397 included @entity9285 , @entity1353 and an intermediate coma interval. The roentgenogram showed @entity14303 , @entity5229 , "drop lung" sign and marked radiodensity of hilum widened mediastinum. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy is a useful and accurate method to diagnose and treat the @entity397 , with which surgeons can easily locate the @entity397 site during surgery. Surgical treatment could restore pulmonary function in most @entity1 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of @entity397 from blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity5229 :: ('MESH:D011030', 'Disease') :: ['pneumothorax']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal emphysema']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['thoracic trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited prospective data are available for elderly @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity497 ). This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of @entity3477 versus that of @entity800 for the treatment of @entity497 in hospitalized elderly @entity1 (age, > or = 65 years). METHODS: We conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Eligible @entity1 were stratified by @entity497 severity before randomization to receive treatment with either intravenous/oral @entity3477 (400 mg daily) or intravenous/oral @entity800 (500 mg daily) for 7-14 days. Clinical response at test-of-cure (the primary efficacy end point was between days 5 and 21 after completion of therapy), and clinical response during therapy (between days 3 and 5 after the start of therapy) and bacteriologic response were secondary end points. RESULTS: The safety population included 394 @entity1 (195 in the @entity3477 group and 199 in the @entity800 group). The population eligible for clinical efficacy analysis (i.e., the clinically valid population) included 281 @entity1 (141 in the @entity3477 group and 140 in the @entity800 group); 51.3% were male, and the mean age (+/-SD) was 77.4 +/- 7.7 years. Cure rates at test-of-cure for the clinically valid population were 92.9% in the @entity3477 arm and 87.9% in the @entity800 arm (95% confidence interval [CI], -1.9 to 11.9; P = .2). Clinical recovery by days 3-5 after the start of treatment was 97.9% in the @entity3477 arm vs. 90.0% in the @entity800 arm (95% CI, 1.7-14.1; P = .01). In the @entity3477 group, cure rates were 92.6% for @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity497 and 94.7% for @entity1 with severe @entity497 , compared with cure rates of 88.6% and 84.6%, respectively, in the @entity800 group (P = not significant). Cure rates in the @entity3477 arm were 90.0% for @entity1 aged 65-74 years and 94.5% for @entity1 aged > or = 75 years, compared with 85.0% and 90.0%, respectively, in the @entity800 arm (P = not significant). There were no statistically significant differences between the treatment groups with regard to drug-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous/oral @entity3477 therapy was efficacious and safe for hospitalized elderly @entity1 with @entity497 , achieving > 90% cure in all severity and age subgroups, and was associated with faster clinical recovery than intravenous/oral @entity800 therapy, with a comparable safety profile.

title: @entity497 Recovery in the Elderly (CAPRIE): efficacy and safety of XXXX therapy versus that of @entity800 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

answer: @entity3477 :: (MESH:C104727,Chemical) :: ['moxifloxacin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) failure or refractoriness is an indication for @entity2857 therapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity157 . The study evaluated the validity of the definition of TACE failure or refractoriness as proposed by the @entity96 Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) through a retrospective analysis of @entity2857 treatment. METHODS: Out of 265 @entity1 with advanced @entity157 who were treated with @entity2857 at our hospital, 45 experienced TACE failure or refractoriness and were included in this study and retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis only identified the number of ineffective TACE procedures performed before starting @entity2857 treatment as significant factors. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after starting @entity2857 was statistically longer in @entity1 treated with  <=2 consecutive ineffective TACE procedures before @entity2857 administration than in @entity1 treated with >= 3 consecutive ineffective TACE procedures (p < 0.005). This result matched the LCSGJ criteria. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 treated with @entity2857 , @entity1349 was extended with  <=2 consecutive ineffective TACE procedures compared to that with >= 3 consecutive ineffective TACE procedures. Thus, if @entity5 are uncontrolled, TACE should not be repeated. The result of this study supports the definition of TACE failure or refractoriness proposed by the LCSGJ.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Validation of the Criteria of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Failure or Refractoriness in @entity1 with XXXX Proposed by the LCSGJ.

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual images may facilitate the communication of @entity158 during consultations. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether photographic images of @entity158 enrich the content and   or process of @entity158 consultation by comparing @entity1 ' and clinicians' ratings of the consultation experience. METHODS: Photographic images of @entity158 previously co-created by @entity1 with a photographer were provided to new @entity1 attending @entity158 clinic consultations. Seventeen @entity1 selected and used images that best expressed their @entity158 and were compared with 21 @entity1 who were not shown images. Ten clinicians conducted assessments in each condition. After consultation, @entity1 and clinicians completed ratings of aspects of communication and, when images were used, how they influenced the consultation. RESULTS: The majority of both @entity1 and clinicians reported that images enhanced the consultation. Ratings of communication were generally high, with no differences between those with and without images (with the exception of confidence in treatment plan, which was rated more highly in the image group). However, @entity1 ' and clinicians' ratings of communication were inversely related only in consultations with images. Methodological shortcomings may underlie the present findings of no difference. It is also possible that using images raised @entity1 ' and clinicians' expectations and encouraged emotional disclosure, in response to which clinicians were dissatisfied with their performance. CONCLUSIONS: Using images in clinical encounters did not have a negative impact on the consultation, nor did it improve communication or satisfaction. These findings will inform future analysis of behaviour in the video-recorded consultations.

title: Do photographic images of @entity158 improve communication during XXXX consultations?

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reductions in renal @entity11644 ( @entity11644 ) have been linked to development of @entity101 . This study investigated whether there are direct relationships, in the adult @entity35 , between levels of blood pressure and @entity4295 or total @entity8 . METHODS: F1 and F2 offspring were generated from a spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR)/ @entity35 Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 cross. Tail-cuff systolic blood pressure was measured twice weekly from 5 to 15 weeks of age and mean arterial blood pressure determined prior to sacrifice. At 15 weeks of age, the @entity35 were perfusion-fixed and glomerular (and thereby nephron) number, glomerular size, total length, and surface area of glomerular capillaries and total @entity8 were determined using unbiased stereologic techniques. RESULTS: In F1 offspring, blood pressure levels were midway between the SHR and WKY @entity35 . Nephron number was significantly higher in the WKY @entity35 compared to the SHR and F1 offspring. However, there was no difference in @entity4295 between the F1 @entity35 and SHR and no difference in @entity8 between the three groups. In the F2 generation, where there is random segregation of the SHR and WKY genes, there was no significant correlation between either @entity4295 and adult blood pressure (r2= 0.16, P= 0.11) or total @entity8 and adult blood pressure (r2= 0.02, P= 0.58). There was a significant inverse correlation between @entity4295 and glomerular size (r2= 0.49, P= 0.0043). CONCLUSION: There is not a direct corollary between @entity4295 or @entity8 and level of blood pressure in this @entity35 model.

title: Is there an association between level of adult blood pressure and @entity4295 or renal XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal FSA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity11644 :: ('MESH:C564120', 'Disease') :: ['FSA', 'filtration surface area']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['nephron number']

answer: @entity11644 :: (MESH:C564120,Disease) :: ['filtration surface area']


abstract: Progressive destruction of bile ducts in @entity991 ( @entity991 ) may lead to end-stage @entity409 , @entity101 and @entity1578 . The diagnosis of @entity991 is made by characteristic multifocal stricturing and dilation of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts observed by cholangiography. Magnetic resonance cholangiography is considered to have comparable accuracy to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in the diagnosis of @entity991 , but its accuracy is limited in early stages of @entity991 . Up to 60% of @entity1 with @entity991 develop a dominant stricture of the intra- or extrahepatic biliary tree. @entity1 may present with @entity1087 , @entity111 or ascending @entity255 . Therefore, in @entity1 with an increase in serum @entity648 and/or worsening @entity111 , progressive bile duct dilation on imaging studies and/or @entity255 seen via ERC, it is recommended to exclude a dominant stricture. However, in a considerable number of @entity1 without symptoms, a dominant stricture can be detected on the cholangiogram. The cholangiographic findings and the clinical presentation make it difficult to distinguish @entity991 from @entity201 . The accuracy in the distinction between these two conditions is still rather disappointing, despite the combined use of imaging, endoscopic biopsy, and cytology. Medical, endoscopic, and surgical therapies aim to slow the progression of the disease. It is generally agreed upon that @entity1 with symptoms from dominant strictures like @entity255 , @entity1087 , @entity111 or worsening biochemical indices are candidates for endoscopic therapy. Although the best therapeutic endoscopic approach for these @entity1 is still under discussion, a number of reports have documented clinical and radiographic improvement in @entity1 following endoscopic dilation with or without placement of a biliary stent. Furthermore, indirect evidence by retrospective studies suggests that endoscopic therapy may improve survival.

title: XXXX : diagnostic and therapeutic problems.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: Fever is frequently observed in conjunction with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 )-based immunotherapy. Traditionally, @entity221 has been regarded as an undesirable side effect and treated with @entity221 -lowering drugs. However, new insights in @entity5 immunology suggest that elevated temperature may facilitate a more effective antitumor immune response. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the potential role of the @entity1199 -induced @entity221 in @entity320 @entity1 treated with or without @entity1443 in two consecutive cohorts. One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 with @entity320 treated with a modified decrescendo regimen of @entity1199 and Interferon ( @entity3027 ) between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively studied. 87 @entity1 treated before 2007 received @entity1443 as part of the treatment schedule, and 92 @entity1 treated after 2007 did not receive @entity1443 routinely. Body temperature was analyzed as dichotomized and continuous variables and correlated to objective @entity5 response and overall survival using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analysis. @entity1 experiencing peak temperature of >= 39.5    C had a median OS of 15.2  months compared to 8.7  months among @entity1 with lower temperatures (P  =  0.01). In the multivariate analysis, peak temperature of >= 39.5    C (HR 0.53; P  =  0.026) and high mean temperature (HR 0.56; P  =  0.004) were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. We suggest high @entity221 as a biomarker for improved survival in @entity320 @entity1 treated with @entity57500 . The routine use of @entity221 -reducing drugs during immunotherapy can therefore be questioned. More studies are needed to evaluate the role of @entity221 and the use of antipyretics during cytokine-based immunotherapy.

title: Fever and the use of XXXX during @entity1199 -based immunotherapy in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: The present study focuses on the long-term prognosis of radiographically verified @entity850 of the lower lumbar spine. The purpose here was to describe the outcome 12 years after radiographic diagnosis of @entity612 and to identify factors predicting disability after operative or conservative treatment. Data were compiled on 75 @entity1 (43 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ) with changes in functional myelography diagnostic for @entity612 . Their mean age at the interview 12 years later was 61 years. The sagittal diameter of the dural sac was measured from baseline myelographs at all intervertebral levels and was corrected for magnification. In the interview, subjective outcome assessment was obtained with a structured questionnaire, and the @entity1643 was scored using the Oswestry disability index. The sagittal diameter of the dural sac was severely stenotic (<7.0 mm) in 32 @entity1 (26 operated), and moderately stenotic (7.0-10.5 mm) in 43 @entity1 (31 operated). The severity of the @entity850 significantly predicted disability, even when the effects of age, sex, therapy regimen, and body mass index were adjusted for. For moderate and severe @entity850 , the adjusted mean Oswestry indices were 28.4 and 39.1, respectively (p = 0.01). Therapy as such (operative versus nonoperative) did not significantly correlate with @entity717 . The radiographic severity of @entity2649 predicts disability independently of therapy regimen. Randomized clinical trials are needed to establish the indications for surgical and conservative treatment. Radiographic severity of the @entity850 should be considered as an effect-modifying or confounding factor in clinical trials and other studies focusing on the outcome of @entity2649 .

title: XXXX : assessment of long-term outcome 12 years after operative and conservative treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back disorder']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['later disability']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['Lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between October 1, 1988 and March 31, 2001, a longitudinal survey was conducted at the French pediatric hospital Armand-Trousseau in Paris. Following data were simultaneously collected: consultations and hospitalizations for acute @entity294 at the emergency room, and identifications of rotavirus from diarrheic stools at the laboratory. RESULTS: Acute @entity294 represented 9.3% to 11.1% of all consultations. The activity was continuous through the year with several @entity3082 peaks, the largest occurring during the winter months. The hospitalization rate was high and stable since 1989 (16.5% to 21%), reaching 22-26% at the winter peak. Overall, rotaviruses were identified in 22.4% of stool samples but the detection rate increased from 10% in 1989 to 31% in 1997. Rotaviruses were isolated mainly in winter, reaching the rate of 50-70% at the peak. DISCUSSION: Despite numerous biases of methodology and the fact that data were extracted from two different sources, acute @entity294 appeared as a major @entity3082 phenomenon in Paris, and rotaviruses were the main pathogens identified in diarrheic @entity1 in winter. The extent of the winter @entity3082 increased each year since ten years, in parallel with the increase of the global activity of the emergency room. Despite attempts to develop ambulatory care, admission rates remained high in @entity1 with @entity697 at the emergency room of our hospital, especially in winter. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data were restricted to a single pediatric hospital in Paris. They need to be extended to a national level before considering a strategy for prevention using vaccination.

title: [Acute @entity294 and rotavirus infection in the XXXX : assessment of data from emergency care and and the microbiology laboratory of the Armand-Trousseau (Paris) Hospital between 1988 and 2001].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diarrhea and searching for care']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: @entity12295 has been genetically diagnosed by detecting deleted mitochondrial DNA in muscle biopsy specimen using the Southern blot method. However, deleted mitochondrial DNA cannot be detected in the blood by this method. With the limited availability of muscle biopsy specimens in mind, we attempted to establish a noninvasive genetic diagnostic method for this syndrome. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed for detecting mitochondrial DNA deletions in platelets at levels below the sensitivity of Southern blotting. We selected several pairs of oligonucleotide primers, considering the regions of predilection for deletion in this syndrome, and identified mitochondrial DNA deletions in platelets in three of four @entity1 . The size and the locations of the deletions were determined by the nesting primer PCR method, in which the primary PCR products derived from deleted mitochondrial DNAs were subjected for reamplification using a series of nesting primers. By this method, it was possible to determine whether the products retained a complementary site for each primer. @entity1 1 had an 8.3-kb deletion starting within the CO1 gene and ending within the @entity13508 gene. @entity1 2 had a 7.2-kb deletion starting within the CO1 gene and ending within the @entity13329 gene. @entity1 3 had a 4.7-kb deletion starting within the @entity26560 or the @entity57529 gene and ending within the @entity13329 gene. Deletions were detected neither in @entity1 4 nor in three mothers of four @entity1 . These results indicate that the present method is useful for noninvasive genetic diagnosis of @entity12295 .

title: [Detection of deletions in platelet mitochondrial DNA in XXXX using polymerase chain reaction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12295 :: ('MESH:D007625', 'Disease') :: ['Kearns-Sayre syndrome']

answer: @entity12295 :: (MESH:D007625,Disease) :: ['Kearns-Sayre syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) nonresponders have poor outcomes. The significance of progressive @entity67 among nonresponders remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We sought to define predictors of and clinical outcomes associated with progressive @entity67 despite CRT. METHODS: We conducted an analysis of 328 @entity1 undergoing CRT with defibrillator for standard indications. On the basis of 6-month echocardiograms, we classified @entity1 as responders (those with a >= 5% increase in ejection fraction) and progressors (those with a >= 5% decrease in ejection fraction), and all others were defined as nonprogressors. Coprimary end points were 3-year (1) @entity712 , left ventricular assist device (LVAD), transplantation, or @entity204 and (2) @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). RESULTS: Multivariable predictors of progressive @entity67 were @entity1369 antagonist use (hazard ratio [HR] 0.23; P = .008), prior valve surgery (HR 3.3; P = .005), and QRS duration (HR 0.98; P = .02). More favorable changes in ventricular function were associated with lower incidences of @entity712 , LVAD, transplantation, or @entity204 (70% vs 54% vs 33%; P < .0001) and @entity1165 or @entity2224 (66% vs 38% vs 28%; P = .001) for progressors, nonprogressors, and responders, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, progressors remained at increased risk of @entity712 , LVAD, transplantation, or @entity204 (HR 2.14; P = .0029) and @entity1165 or @entity2224 (HR 2.03; P = .046) as compared with nonprogressors. Responders were at decreased risk of @entity712 , LVAD, transplantation, or @entity204 (HR 0.44; P < .0001) and @entity1165 or @entity2224 (0.51; P = .015) as compared with nonprogressors. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with progressive deterioration in ventricular function despite CRT represent a high-risk group of nonresponders at increased risk of worsened clinical outcomes.

title: Progressive XXXX among nonresponders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: Baseline predictors and associated clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the time to treatment failure and survival rate of the three-drug combination of @entity632 , @entity900 , and @entity1260 as primary and postoperative, adjunctive treatment for teenagers and adults with @entity421 ( @entity421 ). METHODS: Sixty-three eligible @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity421 of the extremities were registered from 24 institutions from February, 1992 through December, 1996. Chemotherapy was comprised of @entity632 at a dose of 75 mg/m2 and @entity900 at a dose of 120 mg/m2, alternating with @entity632 at a dose of 50 mg/m2 and @entity1260 at a dose of 8 g/m2. Four cycles were given prior to surgical resection, and four cycles were given after surgery. Outcome measures included the time to treatment failure, overall survival, @entity137 , and centralized assessment of tumor @entity39 . RESULTS: Thirty-one of 63 eligible @entity1 died, for a 5-year overall survival rate of 58% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 46-71%). The median time to treatment failure was 19 months (95% CI, 12-41 months). A good pathologic response (> or = 90% @entity39 ) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was observed in 48% of @entity1 who underwent surgery. There was no correlation noted between response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and @entity1 outcome. Grade 4 hematologic @entity137 were frequent (89%), although serious nonhematologic @entity137 other than @entity390 and @entity391 were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: The regimen and schedule used in the current study did not improve outcomes compared with prior trials of @entity632 and @entity900 alone. New, more effective drugs are needed for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity421 . The identification and utilization of molecular markers to predict outcome and response to therapy would facilitate clinical management, limiting exposure to toxic therapies for @entity1 with favorable molecular profiles and identifying those @entity1 who may fail with current approaches as candidates for clinical trials.

title: Adjuvant therapy of XXXX --A Phase II trial: Southwest Oncology Group study 9139.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: A rapid increase in utility of engineered nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has raised a concern over their safety. Based on recent evidence from animal studies, pulmonary exposure of CNTs may lead to nanoparticle accumulation in the deep lung without effective clearance which could interact with local lung cells for a long period of time. Physicochemical similarities of @entity5846 may contribute to their @entity1355 -like carcinogenic potential after long-term exposure, which has not been well addressed. More studies are needed to identify and predict the carcinogenic potential and mechanisms for promoting their safe use. Our previous study reported a long-term in vitro exposure model for CNT carcinogenicity and showed that 6-month sub-chronic exposure of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) causes malignant transformation of @entity1 lung epithelial cells. In addition, the transformed cells induced @entity5 formation in @entity19 and exhibited an apoptosis resistant phenotype, a key characteristic of @entity5 cells. Although the potential role of @entity876 in the transformation process was identified, the underlying mechanisms of oncogenesis remain largely undefined. Here, we further examined the gene expression profile by using genome microarrays to profile molecular mechanisms of SWCNT oncogenesis. Based on differentially expressed genes, possible mechanisms of SWCNT-associated apoptosis resistance and oncogenesis were identified, which included activation of pAkt/ @entity876 / @entity588 signaling axis, increased gene expression of Ras family for cell cycle control, @entity18677 -mediated @entity125 , and downregulation of apoptotic genes @entity589 and @entity1488 . Activated immune responses were among the major changes of biological function. Our findings shed light on potential molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in SWCNT oncogenic potential.

title: Gene expression profile of XXXX lung epithelial cells chronically exposed to single-walled carbon nanotubes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5846 :: ('MESH:C536058', 'Disease') :: ['CNTs to asbestos fibers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinases activated by dual phosphorylation on @entity1889 and @entity669 residues. A MAP kinase kinase ( @entity12363 or @entity12363 ) has been identified as a dual-specificity protein kinase that is sufficient to phosphorylate MAP kinases @entity3963 and @entity12206 on the regulatory @entity1889 and @entity669 residues. Because of the multiplicity of MAP kinase isoforms and the diverse circumstances and agonists leading to their activation, we thought it unlikely that a single MKK could accommodate this complexity. Indeed, two protein bands with MKK activity have previously been identified after renaturation following @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. We now report the molecular cloning and characterization of a second @entity35 MAP kinase kinase cDNA, @entity29343 . @entity29343 cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 400 @entity1522 , 7 residues longer than @entity12363 ( @entity12363 ). The @entity535 sequence of @entity29343 is 81% identical to that of @entity12363 , but @entity377 sequence differences occur throughout the aligned @entity29343 and @entity12363 cDNAs, indicating that @entity29343 is the product of a distinct gene. @entity12363 and @entity29343 mRNAs are expressed differently in @entity35 tissues. Both cDNAs when expressed in COS cells displayed the ability to phosphorylate and activate @entity22600 mapk and @entity12206 , both @entity12363 and @entity29343 were activated in vivo in response to serum, and both could be phosphorylated and activated by the v-Raf protein in vitro. However, differences between @entity12363 and @entity29343 in sites of phosphorylation by @entity1521 -directed protein kinases predict differences in feedback regulation.

title: Identification and characterization of a new mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity29343 :: (5605,Gene) :: ['MKK2']


abstract: Thirty-three @entity1 with 'poor prognosis' @entity3052 , no longer suitable for aggressive chemotherapy, were treated with daily oral @entity1968 (45 mg/m2) daily and subcutaneous @entity2592 (20 mg standard dose twice a day, day 1 to 10, every 4 weeks). Seventeen @entity1 were males and 16 females, the median age was 67 (range 39-82 years). Eleven @entity1 were at onset of disease, 15 were refractory to previous conventional therapies, three were in first relapse and three in second relapse and one @entity1 had a secondary AML. Seventeen @entity1 had a bone marrow blast infiltration < 50% and 16 > or = 50%. A total of 16 (48%) @entity1 entered complete remission; the rate of complete remission increased to 88% in those @entity1 (n = 17) with < 50% blast infiltration at the time of entering the study. Seventeen @entity1 (52%) were resistant. The difference in response to therapy, according to bone marrow blast percentage (< or > or = 50%), was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Median duration of complete remission was 34.4 weeks (range 6.4-62.8). Mild to moderate @entity1503 was the most common side-effect. In conclusion @entity1968 and low-dose @entity2592 appears to be an effective regimen for inducing complete remission in 'poor prognosis' @entity3052 and @entity1 with < 50% bone @entity236 are likely to represent the ideal target to receive this combination therapy.

title: @entity1968 and low-dose @entity2592 for the treatment of 'poor prognosis' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2165 for the long-term management of @entity1 with @entity907 . The primary hypothesis was that @entity2165 is not superior to placebo for the treatment of @entity907 . BACKGROUND: There is no definitive well-controlled analysis of the efficacy of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in @entity1 with recurrent @entity907 . METHODS: This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Fifty @entity1 with recurrent @entity907 were included (at least two episodes in the last year). A baseline tilt test was performed. Twenty @entity1 (40%) had a positive tilt test. Intravenous @entity2165 prevented a second positive tilt in five @entity1 . The @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity2165 or a placebo (26 @entity1 @entity2165 50 mg/day, 24 @entity1 placebo). The follow-up procedure lasted one year. The primary end point of the study was the time to first recurrence of @entity1163 . RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis, the group treated with @entity2165 had a similar number of @entity1 with recurrent @entity1163 as the placebo group. The Kaplan-Meier actuarial estimates of time to first @entity1163 showed that the probability of remaining free of @entity1163 drops similarly in both groups and that there was no statistical difference between both curves ( @entity1 treated with @entity2165 vs. the placebo) with a log-rank test p value of 0.4517. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence of @entity907 in highly symptomatic @entity1 treated with @entity2165 is similar to that of @entity1 treated with placebo.

title: Lack of efficacy of @entity2165 for the prevention of neurally mediated XXXX in a highly symptomatic population: a prospective, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'syncopal recurrence', 'syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope', 'vasovagal syncope']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['syncope']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Controversy exists regarding the propensity of @entity6126 and @entity209 to promote the development of high-risk @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Our aim was to prospectively test whether preoperative circulating @entity251 levels, @entity28 , and @entity209 ( @entity209 ) were correlated with @entity146 pathological features after radical prostatectomy (RP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Overall, 354 @entity1 undergoing robot-assisted RP at our academic institution, between 2010 and 2013, to treat clinically localized @entity263 were included in this prospective study. Pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 116 (32.8%) @entity1 and confirmed the absence of nodal metastases in all of them. Cardiovascular risk factors and body-mass index (BMI) were used to define @entity209 and @entity28 , respectively. Total @entity251 (TT) levels were assessed using an immunoassay method, whereas bioavailable @entity251 (BT) and free @entity251 (FT) levels were estimated using Vermeulen* s formula. Multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed independent predictors for @entity146 pathological features (i.e., a pathological Gleason score [GS]>= 7, extracapsular extension [ECE], seminal vesicle invasion [SVI], and positive surgical margins [PSM]) and GS upgrading. RESULTS: Low TT, BT, and FT levels were found in 54 (15.2%), 70 (19.8%), and 62 (17.5%) @entity1 , respectively. Median BMI was 26.3kg/m(2) (range: 17.4-43.9), and prevalence of @entity209 was 18.9%. Significantly higher rates of pathological GS>= 7 were observed in groups with a low TT level (46.3% vs. 33.3%; P = 0.01), low BT level (44.3% vs. 33.1%; P<0.001), and low FT level (46.8% vs. 32.9%; P = 0.001). Multivariate analyses demonstrated that only low BT and FT levels were independent predictors of pathological GS>= 7 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.76; P<0.001 and OR = 1.39; P<0.001, respectively) and GS upgrading (OR = 2.82; P<0.001 and OR = 1.71; P<0.001, respectively), but there was no significant correlation between low circulating @entity251 levels and ECE, SVI, or PSM. Furthermore, BMI (OR = 1.28; P = 0.04) and @entity209 (OR = 1.19; P = 0.01) were only correlated with PSM. CONCLUSION: @entity6126 , @entity28 , and @entity209 were not independent predictors of pathological GS >= 7, ECE, or SVI after RP. Our data suggest that only low BT and FT levels, which might logically result in an active @entity342 -depleted environment, were linked with high-grade @entity263 .

title: Low circulating free and bioavailable @entity251 levels as predictors of high-grade tumors in @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative aggressive', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'Hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS', 'metabolic disorders']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genotyping for @entity5320 has the potential to predict differences in metabolism of @entity5080 . This information could optimize pharmacotherapy. We determined the costs and effects of routine genotyping for old aged Dutch @entity308 inpatients. METHODS: With a decision-tree, we modelled the first 12 weeks of @entity5080 therapy. Direct costs of genotyping, hospitalization, therapeutic drug monitoring and drugs were included. Based on genotype, @entity1 could be correctly, sub-, or supratherapeutically dosed. Improvement from sub- or supratherapeutically dosed @entity1 to correctly dosed @entity1 was simulated, assuming that genotyping would prevent under- or @entity1445 of @entity1 . In the base case, this improvement was assumed to be 35%. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was performed to determine uncertainty around the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: In the base case analysis, costs for genotyping were assumed    200 per test with a corresponding ICER at    1 333 000 per QALY. To reach a    50 000 per QALY cut-off, genotyping costs should be decreased towards    40 per test. At genotyping test costs <    35 per test, genotyping was dominant. At test costs of    17 per test there was a 95% probability that genotyping was cost-effective at    50 000 per QALY. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5320 genotyping was not cost-effective at current genotyping costs at a    50 000 per QALY threshold, however at test costs below    40, genotyping could be costs-effective.

title: A Model Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Routine Genotyping for @entity5320 among Older, XXXX Inpatients Starting @entity5080 Pharmacotherapy.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressed']


abstract: Object Many neurosurgeons obtain repeat head CT at the first clinic follow-up visit for nonoperative @entity131 and @entity510 ( @entity510 ). The authors undertook a single-center, retrospective study to determine whether outpatient CT altered clinical decision-making. Methods The authors evaluated 173 consecutive adult @entity1 admitted to their institution from April 2006 to August 2012 with an admission diagnosis of @entity131 or @entity510 and at least 1 clinic follow-up visit with CT. @entity1 with epidural, subdural, aneurysmal subarachnoid, or @entity548 , and those who underwent craniotomy, were excluded. @entity1 charts were reviewed for new CT findings, new @entity1 symptoms, and changes in treatment plan. @entity1 were stratified by @entity16 into 3 groups: 1) asymptomatic; 2) mild, nonspecific symptoms; and 3) significant symptoms. Mild, nonspecific symptoms included @entity10 , vertigo, @entity1295 , and mild difficulties with concentration, short-term memory, or sleep; significant symptoms included moderate to severe @entity10 , @entity390 , @entity391 , focal @entity16 , @entity1662 , or new @entity73 evident on routine clinical examination. Results One hundred seventy-three @entity1 met inclusion criteria, with initial clinic follow-up obtained within approximately 6 weeks. Of the 173 @entity1 , 104 (60.1%) were asymptomatic, 68 @entity1 (39.3%) had mild, nonspecific @entity16 , and 1 @entity1 (1.0%) had significant @entity16 . Of the asymptomatic @entity1 , 3 @entity1 (2.9%) had new CT findings and 1 of these @entity1 (1.0%) underwent a change in treatment plan because of these findings. This change involved an additional clinic appointment and CT to monitor a 12-mm chronic subdural @entity1410 that ultimately resolved without treatment. Of the @entity1 with mild, nonspecific @entity16 , 6 @entity1 (8.8%) had new CT findings and 3 of these @entity1 (4.4%) underwent a change in treatment plan because of these findings; none of these @entity1 required surgical intervention. The single @entity1 with significant @entity16 did not have any new CT findings. Conclusions Repeat outpatient CT of asymptomatic @entity1 after nonoperative @entity131 and @entity510 is very unlikely to demonstrate significant new pathology. Given the cost and radiation exposure associated with CT, imaging should be reserved for @entity1 with significant symptoms or focal findings on neurological examination.

title: Outpatient follow-up of nonoperative @entity131 and XXXX : does repeat head CT alter clinical decision-making?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['tSAH', 'traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complaints', 'neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['minor headaches', 'headaches']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of hyaluronidase in producing liquefaction resulting in a @entity20699 . METHODS: Fifteen young pigmented @entity95 were randomized into 3 groups that received 5 (group 1), 10 (group 2), or 20 (group 3) IU of hyaluronidase. The fellow eyes were injected with a volumetric equivalent dose of balanced salt solution as control. The @entity95 were followed for 9 weeks and examined for signs of @entity989 . The animals were then euthanized and their eyes were examined histologically. RESULTS: Biomicroscopic evaluation in all but one @entity95 revealed no evidence of @entity2194 . One @entity95 showed evidence of vitreous traction on the retina with transient retinal elevation. Biomicroscopically and histologically, all @entity95 in group 3 and four of five @entity95 in group 2 had evidence of a @entity20699 . CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of hyaluronidase in doses of 10 IU or higher induces @entity20699 in @entity95 over a period of 5 weeks. Intravitreal doses of 20 IU or less do not appear to affect the biomicroscopic morphology or function of ocular structures adversely. Injections of hyaluronidase, therefore, could be considered as an alternative or adjunct to conventional mechanical vitrectomy.

title: Efficacy and safety of enzymatic XXXX by intravitreal injection of hyaluronidase.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity20699 :: (MESH:D020255,Disease) :: ['posterior vitreous detachment']


abstract: The preservation of heart and lung for transplantation remains a major concern in extended @entity63 intervals. This experiment evaluated the effect of high molecular weight @entity5532 and a platelet-activating factor antagonist ( @entity6848 ) in @entity63 reperfused tissue. Heart-lung transplantation was performed in a @entity1707 model after 4 hours 45 minutes of @entity63 . Animals were divided into three groups. Group A was a control without pharmacological intervention. In group B, high molecular weight @entity5532 , 50 mg/kg, was used, and in group C, platelet-activating factor antagonist @entity6848 , 10 mg/kg, was used. The results of functional variables (cardiac index, @entity64 index, lung water, @entity26 and @entity544 tensions, alveolar-arterial gradient, and alveolar-arterial ratio) demonstrated superior heart and lung function for groups B and C compared with the control group. These alterations of heart and lung function were significantly less (p less than 0.001) in group C, in which the platelet-activating factor antagonist ( @entity6848 ) was used. The study revealed that formation of @entity3787 radicals and platelet-activating factor play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity63 reperfusion injury. Prevention of @entity3787 radical formation with high molecular weight @entity5532 and inactivation of platelet-activating factor with @entity6848 reduce the @entity63 -reperfusion injury significantly.

title: Effects of platelet-activating factor antagonist XXXX in preservation of heart and lung for transplantation.

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity6848 :: (MESH:C037913,Chemical) :: ['CV-3988']


abstract: An association between @entity272 and insulin resistance, @entity28 , impaired @entity1735 and lipid metabolism has been suggested. However, there still is a need for comprehensive and controlled clinical studies. We aimed to evaluate the atherogenic risk factors in @entity1 with @entity272 . Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity272 who were admitted to the dermatology department and 22 healthy controls were included in this study. Possible subjects who were taking systemic drugs or who had a @entity262 that may be associated with lipid or @entity1735 metabolism abnormalities were excluded from the study. All the measurements were completed in 26 @entity1 . Standard oral @entity413 tolerance tests were performed on the @entity1 and control groups. Serum insulin, total @entity165 , @entity412 and HDL- @entity165 levels were measured. LDL- @entity165 and VLDL- @entity165 ratios and HOMA-IR and body mass indices were calculated. The mean levels of body mass index, HOMA-IR, and total @entity165 were significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls. In conclusion, @entity272 may not be innocent tumoral proliferations; instead, follow-up of such @entity1 with regard to the development of diseases associated with @entity731 may be beneficial.

title: @entity272 and XXXX risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin tags']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to investigate the performance of the Space @entity413 Control system (SGC) (B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) in medical critically ill @entity1 . The SGC is a nurse-driven, computer-assisted device for glycemic control combining infusion pumps with the enhanced Model Predictive Control algorithm. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The trial was designed as a single-center, open clinical investigation in a nine-bed medical intensive care unit in a tertiary center in Graz, Austria. Efficacy was assessed by percentage of time within the target range (4.4-8.3   mmol/L; primary end point), mean blood @entity413 , and sampling interval. Safety was assessed by the number of hypoglycemic episodes ( <=2.2   mmol/L). RESULTS: Twenty mechanically ventilated @entity1 (age, 63  16 years; body mass index, 31.0  10.7   kg/m(2); Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 25.4  6.3; 14 males; six with @entity6 ) were included for a period of 7.0  3.6 days. Time within target range was 83.4  8.9% (mean  SD), and mean arterial blood @entity413 was 6.8  0.4   mmol/L. No severe hypoglycemic episodes (<2.2   mmol/L) occurred, and the percentage of time within 2.2 and 3.3   mmol/L was low (0.03  0.07%). The sampling interval was 2.0  0.4   h. The mean insulin dose was 93.5  80.1   IU/day, and the adherence to the given insulin dose advice was high (98.3%). A total of 11 unintended therapy interruptions (0.08 events/treatment day) caused by software problems occurred in four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: SGC is a safe and efficient method to control blood @entity413 in critically ill @entity1 in the medical intensive care unit.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX control with Space @entity413 Control in the medical intensive care unit--an open clinical investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose', 'glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the results of salvage resection in the management of persistent or locally recurrent anal canal @entity5 . METHODS: Details of all @entity1 with anal canal @entity5 treated from 1978 to 1994 at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) were reviewed retrospectively. Sixteen @entity1 who presented with persistent or locally recurrent anal canal @entity5 received salvage surgery. Before surgery all of the @entity1 had received radiotherapy alone as their primary treatments. RESULTS: Of the 16 @entity1 , 14 received salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) and two had transanal local excision. There were no deaths attributable to operation. @entity130 occurred in eight @entity1 . Complications unrelated to the perineal wound were found in five @entity1 . The median follow-up time was 120 (range 5-245) months after salvage surgery. Nine @entity1 died of disease progression, with a median survival time of 16 (range 5-27) months. Six @entity1 had a long-term survival. CONCLUSION: Salvage resection after radiotherapy can yield a long-time survival in selected @entity1 with anal canal @entity5 . However it offers little hope to @entity1 with T4 and/or N(2-3) @entity5 .

title: Surgical salvage therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed healing of the perineal wound']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['anal cancer']


abstract: 1. The @entity9598 responses to i.a. and i.v. injection of @entity2951 (CAP) were blocked following intrathecal (i.t.) perfusion of [D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9] @entity4757 , a specific @entity4757 antagonist. This confirmed that the CAP-elicited @entity9598 reflex is mediated by @entity4757 -containing afferent fibres. 2. The regulatory roles of spinal @entity859 in the CAP-evoked @entity4757 release and the possible involvement of @entity859 A2 receptors were analyzed by analyzing the changes in cardiovascular responses to i.a. and i.v. injection of CAP after various pretreatments with @entity859 agonists and antagonists, administered subcutaneously or intrathecally.

title: Spinal @entity859 modulates @entity2951 -induced XXXX reflex: involvement of @entity859 A2 receptor.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

answer: @entity9598 :: (MESH:C535349,Disease) :: ['depressor']


abstract: Initiation and maintenance of pregnancy are critically dependent on an intact embryo-maternal communication in the preimplantation period. To get new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying this complex dialog, a holistic transcriptome study of endometrium samples from Day 18 pregnant vs. nonpregnant twin @entity291 was performed. This genetically defined model system facilitated the identification of specific conceptus-induced changes of the endometrium transcriptome. Using a combination of subtracted cDNA libraries and cDNA array hybridization, 87 different genes were identified as upregulated in pregnant animals. Almost one half of these genes are known to be stimulated by type I interferons. For the @entity38482 ylation system, which is assumed to play an important role in interferon tau ( @entity38483 ) signaling, mRNAs of four potential components ( @entity59057 , @entity33393 , @entity59058 , and @entity59059 ) were found at increased levels in addition to @entity38482 and @entity59060 . These results were further substantiated by colocalization of these mRNAs in the endometrium of pregnant animals shown by in situ hybridization. A functional classification of the identified genes revealed several different biological processes involved in the preparation of the endometrium for the attachment and implantation of the embryo. Specifically, elevated transcript levels were found for genes involved in modulation of the maternal immune system, genes relevant for cell adhesion, and for remodeling of the endometrium. This first systematic study of maternal transcriptome changes in response to the presence of an embryo on Day 18 of pregnancy in @entity291 is an important step toward deciphering the embryo-maternal dialog using a systems biology approach.

title: Monozygotic twin model reveals novel embryo-induced transcriptome changes of XXXX endometrium in the preattachment period.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: AIM: To describe our own experience with @entity10577 over the past 10 years and investigate the risk factors associated with failure of initial percutaneous therapy. METHODS: A retrospective study of records of 63 PLA @entity1 presenting between 1998 and 2008 to Australian tertiary referral centre, were reviewed. Amoebic and hydatid abscesses were excluded. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and microbiological characteristics, as well as surgical/radiological interventions, were recorded. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 (42 males, 21 females) aged 65 (   14) years [mean    (SD)] had prodromal symptoms for a median (interquartile range; IQR) of 7 (5-14) d. Only 59% of @entity1 were febrile at presentation; however, the serum @entity1851 was elevated in all 47 in whom it was measured. Liver function tests were non-specifically abnormal. 67% of @entity1 had a solitary abscess, while 32% had > 3 abscesses with a median (IQR) diameter of 6.3 (4-9) cm. Causative organisms were: Streptococcus milleri 25%, @entity3274 21%, and @entity526 16%. A presumptive cryptogenic cause was most common (34%). Four @entity1 died in this series: one from sepsis, two from @entity5 , and one from acute @entity583 . The initial procedure was radiological aspiration    drainage in 54 and surgery in two @entity1 . 17% underwent surgical management during their hospitalization. Serum hypoalbuminaemia [mean (95% CI): 32 (29-35) g/L vs 28 (25-31) g/L, P = 0.045] on presentation was found to be the only factor related to failure of initial percutaneous therapy on univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: PLA is a diagnostic challenge, because the presentation of this condition is non-specific. Intravenous antibiotics and radiological drainage in the first instance allows resolution of most PLAs; However, a small proportion of @entity1 still require surgical drainage.

title: XXXX : an audit of 10 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity10577 :: ('MESH:D046290', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity10577 :: (MESH:D046290,Disease) :: ['Pyogenic liver abscess']


abstract: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Punjab, India We have investigated the neuroprotective potential of combination of @entity12874 polymerase inhibitor ( @entity4571 or @entity13339 ) and antioxidant ( @entity2493 ) in @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) induced focal @entity63 in @entity35 . @entity2500 of 2 h followed by 22 h reperfusion produced large volume of @entity385 (mean +/- SEM 211.38 +/- 8.35 mm3), volume of @entity4 (60 +/- 2 mm3) and @entity51 (4.45 +/- 0.25). Combination of @entity4571 (500 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and @entity2493 (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) significantly decreased @entity1188 volume to 48 +/- 2.58 mm3 as compared to their individual drug ( @entity4571 76 +/- 12.49mm3, @entity2493 76.17 +/- 1.24 mm3). A significant improvement was observed in @entity4 volume and @entity51 with this combination. Combination of @entity13339 (20 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and @entity2493 (10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) also produced similar reduction in @entity1188 , @entity4 and neurological score. These results indicate that the combination of @entity12874 polymerase inhibitor and antioxidant produce enhanced neuroprotection. Clinical availability and wide therapeutic margin of @entity4571 and @entity2493 make them a promising drug combination for clinical evaluation in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Neuroprotective effect of combination of @entity12874 polymerase inhibitor and antioxidant in XXXX induced focal @entity63 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion', 'MCAo']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity13339 :: ('MESH:C025160', 'Chemical') :: ['3-aminobenzamide']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity2500 :: (MESH:D020244,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']


abstract: In a region with a population of 250,000 @entity1 , all emergency calls for @entity1167 were prospectively registered during a period of 6 years. Timing of events were carefully registered as were treatment and the participation of 3 ambulances equipped with defibrillators. When time until initial treatment of @entity1167 was below 5 min, 12% could be resuscitated and discharged alive. This figure decreased to 2% in the period between 5 and 10 min and was zero to above 10 min. Similarly, a reasonable 12% of @entity1 experiencing @entity2224 at a public place could be resuscitated and discharged alive whereas only 5% of @entity2224 occurring at the @entity1 home could be successfully resuscitated. Asystolia was rarely treated successfully. Faster treatment improved results much and 63% of @entity1 having @entity2224 in the emergency room left hospital alive. Results of cardioversion in ambulances did not depend on time from initiation of @entity1167 , but all @entity1 receiving cardioversion later than 10 min died without regaining consciousness. The results were compared with other more effective programs. The study region apparently had much fewer @entity1167 than a similar region in Seattle, U.S.A. In those cases where treatment could be initiated within 5 min, results were comparable.

title: Sudden XXXX outside the hospital--value of defibrillators in ambulances.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: A case of @entity3327 following epidural anesthesia was reported. A 67 year old @entity1 received epidural anesthesia for the transurethral resection of a @entity150 . Epidural anesthesia which he had wanted to receive was given through the L3 to L4 intervertebral space with 18 ml of 2% @entity3303 . The penile erection occurred while he was prepared and draped. Additional 8 ml of 1% @entity3303 failed to overcome it and the operation cancelled. After this episode, he had anesthesia on 5 occasions in 2 years. General anesthesia was given 3 times without penile erection, but epidural block was tried on 2 occasions, which was followed by penile erection. For the penile erection, intracavernous injection of @entity14758 was effective and surgical procedure could be done smoothly. The mechanism of @entity3327 remained unclear but imbalance of the autonomic nervous system may be a involved. This case suggests that intracavernous injection of @entity14758 is effective for treatment of penile erection during transurethral surgery.

title: [Treatment of @entity3327 with intracavernous injection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity14758 :: ('MESH:D005039', 'Chemical') :: ['etilefrine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

answer: @entity14758 :: (MESH:D005039,Chemical) :: ['etilefrine hydrochloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, retrograde tracing has provided evidence for an influence of hypothalamic b-endorphin (BEP) neurons on the liver, but functions of these neurons are not known. We evaluated the effect of BEP neuronal activation on alcohol-induced @entity99 . METHODS: Male @entity35 received either BEP neuron transplants or control transplants in the hypothalamus and were randomly assigned to feeding alcohol-containing liquid diet or control liquid diet for 8  weeks or to treatment of a carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Liver tissues of these animals were analyzed histochemically and biochemically for tissue injuries or @entity5 . RESULTS: Alcohol feeding increased liver weight and induced several histopathological changes such as prominent @entity1560 and @entity1575 . Alcohol feeding also increased the levels of triglyceride, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation factors, and catecholamines in the liver and endotoxin levels in the plasma. However, these effects of alcohol on the liver were reduced in animals with BEP neuron transplants. BEP neuron transplants also suppressed carcinogen-induced liver histopathologies such as extensive @entity82 , large focus of inflammatory infiltration, @entity157 ( @entity157 ), collagen deposition, numbers of preneoplastic foci, levels of HSC activation factors and catecholamines, as well as inflammatory milieu and increased the levels of natural killer cell cytotoxic factors in the liver. CONCLUSIONS: These findings are the first evidence for a role of hypothalamic BEP neurons in influencing liver functions. Additionally, the data identify that BEP neuron transplantation prevents @entity99 and @entity157 formation possibly via influencing the immune function.

title: Protective Effects of Hypothalamic Beta-Endorphin Neurons Against Alcohol-Induced @entity99 and Liver Cancers in XXXX Animal Models.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['microvesicular steatosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular injury', 'liver injury and hepatocellular cancer']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The Batista operation is intended to improve cardiac function by reducing the diameter of the left ventricle by excising of a sizable amount of the left ventricular free wall. Candidates for this operation are @entity1 awaiting @entity384 and those unsuitable for transplantation because of age, physical or economical reasons. We performed this operation in 10 @entity1 between December 1996 and October 1997. The baseline indication is left ventricular diastolic dimension > or = 70 mm and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV. There were eight @entity1 and two @entity1 aged from 16 to 60 years (mean 46 years). All had @entity296 including seven idiopathic and one each of @entity1184 , arrhythmogenic right ventricular and valvular ( @entity370 ) @entity296 . Eight @entity1 were in NYHA class IV and six needed inotropic drip therapy prior to the operation. Nine @entity1 had significant @entity339 and six had @entity997 concomitantly. Eight @entity1 underwent mitral valve replacement and one was treated with mitral valve plasty. Six @entity1 also had tricuspid plasty combined with partial left ventriculectomy. Eight @entity1 survived. Mean value of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was reduced from 77.8 mm to 59.8 mm, left ventricular end-diastolic volume index was reduced from 189.3 to 99.2 ml/m2, ejection fraction was increased from 19.0% to 33.8% and NYHA class improved from 3.8 to 1.8. Six months later, @entity5988 was not noticed in four @entity1 examined. The Batista operation offers real hope for @entity1 with end-stage @entity384 , but we still have much to learn.

title: [Early result of volume reduction left ventriculoplasty (Batista operation) for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'non-ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac transplantation due to end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: 24 @entity1 with unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) (14 stage IIIB and 10 stage IV) with a performance status of 70% or higher and without liver metastases received 120-165 mg/m2 @entity1259 as an intravenous bolus every 21-28 days up to the maximum cumulative dose of 900 mg/m2. 6 @entity1 (25%) (95% confidence limits 9.8-46.7%) achieved partial remission for a median duration of 7.5 months (range: 3-13+). The median dose actually administered per course was 120 mg/m2 in responsive and non-responsive @entity1 . The dose-limiting side-effect was @entity1398 . 1 @entity1 receiving the higher dose died of drug-related @entity281 . Other non-dose-related grade 3 side-effects were @entity1665 (100%) and @entity391 (17%). In 4 @entity1 , the treatment was interrupted because of a greater than 10% reduction in the left ventricular ejection fraction as calculated by radionuclide angiocardiography. None of these @entity1 suffered from @entity299 . The median survival was 10 months (range 1-16). These data suggest that @entity1259 at 120-135 mg/m2 may have higher antitumour activity than standard doses in @entity1 with @entity1149 . Further studies are needed to clarify whether or not high-dose @entity1259 increases, the risk of @entity1370 compared to standard doses.

title: Activity of high-dose @entity1259 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity5 suppressor gene product, @entity986 , is often inactivated during @entity320 malignant progression. Although the importance of @entity986 in @entity320 is well documented, its relationship with @entity4910 , @entity3546 and ultraviolet radiation (UVR) remains unclear. AIM: To determine the role of these cell cycle-related proteins and high-risk sun exposure in the biological behaviour of @entity75 . METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry to examine 28 @entity8205 ( @entity8205 ; 9 congenital and 19 acquired types) and 24 primary @entity320 ( @entity16359 ; 19 nodular @entity320 , 3 @entity320 , 1 @entity320 and 1 superficial @entity320 ) for the presence of @entity986 , @entity4910 and @entity3546 . The @entity75 were classified into two groups to examine the effects of UVR on these three proteins: high risk of sun exposure (chronically sun damaged; CSD), or low risk of sun exposure (nonchronically sun damaged; non-CSD). We evaluated the relationship between the production of these proteins and the histopathological and clinical characteristics of the lesions. RESULTS: Production of @entity986 was repressed in most @entity16359 , but not in @entity8205 (P < 0.0001). @entity4910 was overproduced in @entity16359 but not in @entity8205 , and @entity3546 was frequently overproduced both in @entity8205 and @entity16359 . Overproduction of @entity3546 was not common in CSD @entity75 , but was more frequent in non-CSD @entity75 (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: An immunohistochemical panel including melanocytic markers enriched by @entity986 and @entity4910 could be used to differentiate some @entity75 . In addition, the Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway was more frequently activated in non-CSD than in CSD @entity75 .

title: The effect of the sun on expression of @entity3546 , @entity986 and @entity4910 proteins in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic lesions', 'borderline melanocytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'melanocytic naevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous malignant melanomas', 'acral lentiginous melanoma', 'melanomas', 'spreading melanoma', 'lentigo maligna melanomas']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['melanocytic lesions']