abstract: Twelve hepatocellular nodules were characterized in the resected livers from 3 @entity1 (2 @entity1 and a @entity1 ) with @entity7160 . Imaging techniques suggested that the nodules were hypervascular and may be @entity157 . Five nodules (4-31 mm in diameter) were serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular @entity5 , which shares features with @entity8055 . The remaining 7 nodules (5-8 mm) were @entity4383 -like nodules showing focal or no immunostaining for serum amyloid A. The serum @entity157 showed increased cellular density, inflammatory infiltrate, sinusoidal dilatation, and ductular reaction to various degrees. These histologic features tended to be less extensive in @entity4383 -like nodules. Three of 4 serum @entity157 showed slight hypointensity in the hepatobiliary phase on the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with @entity18497 ( @entity18497 ) enhancement. In contrast, 3 @entity4383 -like nodules showed iso-intensity in the hepatobiliary phase. This study further confirms characteristics of serum amyloid A-positive hepatocellular @entity5 arising in @entity7160 that share features with @entity8055 . Serum @entity157 sometimes co-exist with @entity4383 -like nodules and may show different findings on Gd-EOB-enhanced MR imaging.

title: Serum XXXX in the resected livers from 3 @entity1 with @entity7160 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas', 'inflammatory hepatocellular adenoma']

entities_list: @entity18497 :: ('MESH:C073590', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid', 'Gd-EOB-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['amyloid A-positive hepatocellular neoplasms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity619 with controlled @entity551 on @entity954 and postoperative morbidity in rhinoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty rhinoplasty @entity1 required hump resection and lateral osteotomy were included in this study. The @entity1 were randomized into four groups. In group I (n=15), a single dose of 10mg/kg @entity619 was intravenously administered at the beginning of the operation. In group II (n=15), the @entity1 were given 2 doses of 10mg/kg intravenously @entity619 at the beginning of the operation, and 24 hours after the operation. In group III (n=15), 3 doses of 10mg/kg intravenously @entity619 were given at the beginning of the operation, before osteotomy and 24 hours after the operation. Group IV (n=15) was assigned as control group and the @entity1 were neither administered @entity619 nor applied @entity551 . All cases in groups I, II and III were operated under controlled @entity551 . Systolic arterial pressure was aimed to keep between 65 and 75 mmHg for controlled @entity551 anaesthesia. Controlled @entity551 was achieved by a @entity1937 infusion of 0.1-0.5 microg/kg/min, following a bolus of 1 microg/kg. Degree of eyelid @entity4 and periorbital soft-tissue ecchymosis was evaluated separately using a scale of 0-4. Intraoperative @entity190 was recorded for each @entity1 . @entity1 were evaluated at 24 hours and @entity86 , 5, 7, and 10. RESULTS: In groups I, II and III, @entity954 was more decreased and the operation time was significantly shorter compared with control group (P<0.001). Eyelid @entity4 and periorbital ecchymosis were significantly decreased in groups I, II and III at the following postoperative 7 and 10 days (P<0.001). There was statistically significant difference between group III and other groups at the postoperative 5 and 7 days in lower eyelid @entity4 (P<0.001), upper and lower eyelid ecchymosis (P<0.001 and 0.004, respectively). There were no @entity260 with using @entity134 in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: Three doses of @entity619 with controlled @entity551 considerably reduced postoperative morbidities of rhinoplasty with osteotomy as well as @entity954 . Thus, in group III receiving 3 doses of @entity134 , when compared to other groups, more uneventful postoperative period were provided for surgeon and the @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of @entity619 with controlled @entity551 on @entity954 , postoperative XXXX and ecchymosis in rhinoplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative days 2']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['oedema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traumatic @entity75 is dependent on energy transfer to the brain at impact. Different @entity130 may cause different types of @entity1545 . It is, however, unknown if the relative distribution between apoptotic cell-death and @entity204 in different populations of brain cells varies depending on energy transfer. METHOD: Experimental contusions were produced with a modified weight drop onto the exposed dura of @entity35 . Animals were divided into two groups. They received a weight drop from two different heights to vary energy transfer to be higher or lower. Animals were sacrificed at 24 hours post injury (1 DPI) or 6 days (6 DPI); brains were frozen and processed for TUNEL (TdT mediated @entity1977 nick end labelling), light microscopy and immunochemistry. FINDINGS: The total number of TUNEL positive cells was higher in the higher energy group on the first day after the injury. At the same time point, relatively fewer cells were apoptotic than necrotic, while relatively more glial cells than neurons were TUNEL-positive in higher energy @entity130 . At 6 day after the injury fewer cells were TUNEL positive and there were no longer significant differences between the high and low energy groups. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing energy transfer in a model for @entity131 demonstrated qualitative and quantitative changes in the pattern of cell death. This complexity must be considered when evaluating brain-protection as treatment results may vary depending on which cellular population and which mechanism of cell death is treated under the exact experimental and clinical conditions.

title: Differences in cell death between high and low energy XXXX in adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain contusion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic cell- death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury mechanisms', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Gathering data on the prognosis, detection, and natural history of asymptomatic @entity453 with silent @entity741 is difficult. Epidemiologic studies of unexpected death and postmortem studies on silent @entity583 suggest this entity to be common. We reviewed 89 consecutive @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity15053 ), defined as 50% or greater reduction of luminal diameter. Of this group, 10 @entity1 (11%) were asymptomatic (ALMD) and 79 @entity1 (88%) were symptomatic (SLMD). All 10 ALMD @entity1 were @entity1 , with a mean age of 53 years (range 40 to 65). @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were performed for: ECG abnormalities six; pre-jogging evaluation two; risk factor evaluation two. The @entity1062 within 9 minutes showed 2 mm or greater ST @entity308 in seven (70%) and 1 to 2 mm in three (30%). Similar @entity1062 results were obtained in the SLMD group, although two @entity1 had negative responses. The degree of @entity850 of the left main coronary artery and the frequency of three-vessel disease were similar in both groups. The ejection fraction (EF) and contractile pattern of the left ventricle (LV) were normal in all 10 ALMD @entity1 , but the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was abnormal in three (70%). In the SLMD group, 51 (64%) had an abnormal ejection fraction, 50 (65%) had wall motion abnormalities, and 25 (32%) had an abnormal LVEDP.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX and silent @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TMT', 'Treadmill tests']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['left main coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['left main coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Poisoning has reported to be a major cause of @entity204 in low- and middle-Income countries. @entity5925 is a common consequence of many @entity4968 cases and serum @entity908 phosphokinase (CPK) is a marker for it. The aim of the study was to assess whether the admission @entity908 phosphokinase in @entity772 @entity1 with acute @entity4968 is a predictive factor for the treatment outcome. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, eighty poisoned @entity772 @entity1 who were admitted with a serum CPK > 250 IU/L (not due to muscular @entity130 in accidents, @entity741 and @entity1188 , @entity281 , @entity221 , @entity74 and @entity6 ) were included. The severity of @entity4968 was assessed using Poisoning Severity Score. The admission CPK level; and outcome (survived with and without complication and @entity204 ) for all @entity1 were recorded. @entity1 were divided based on CPK levels into three categorizes: Low, medium and high. RESULTS: Seventy five percent of the @entity1 in high CPK level group, 29.5% in medium CPK level group and 35% in low CPK level group developed complications or @entity204 . Binary logistic regression results indicated that the chance of complications is much higher for @entity1 with high admission CPK levels (more than 10000 IU/L) [OR, 5.57; 95% CI (1.29-23.93)] than whom with low levels. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the admission serum CPK level for a poisoned @entity1 , seems to be an acceptable predictor for the outcome in poisoned @entity1 . Further studies are still needed.

title: Admission @entity908 phosphokinase in acute XXXX : is it a predictive factor for the treatment outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['electrolytic disorders']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death and burden of disease', 'death']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity900 has shown great activity in many different types of @entity5 with an in vitro synergistic effect between @entity1487 and @entity900 . A phase II study of @entity1487 plus @entity900 was performed in 25 previously untreated @entity1 with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic biliary tract @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 , 10 of them @entity1 and 15 @entity1 with a median age of 58, were entered into the study. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of @entity1487 : 1 g/m2/day in continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion for five consecutive days, and @entity900 : 100 mg/m2/day on day 2 in a one-hour infusion with standard hyperhydration. Twenty-two @entity1 had @entity5 and three had locally advanced disease. RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 entered into the study, 24 were evaluable for response and 25 for @entity137 . @entity1209 was the main toxic side effect in 19 @entity1 . Severe, WHO grade 3-4 @entity882 or @entity1398 were observed in three and seven @entity1 , respectively. There were no toxic deaths. Of 25 @entity1 , six had partial remissions (overall response 24%, 95% confidence interval 7%-41%). For three @entity1 , @entity5 reduction permitted local radiotherapy and one of these @entity1 with initially advanced disease is still alive six years after the beginning of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study, one of the largest phase II trials performed in this disease, shows interesting activity of the combination of @entity1487 and @entity900 in @entity1125 .

title: Effective treatment of @entity1125 using @entity1487 continuous infusion with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['advanced biliary tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: After @entity204 , a series of changes occur naturally in the @entity1 body in a fairly regular pattern. These postmortem changes are detectable on postmortem CT scans (PMCT) and may be useful in estimating the postmortem interval (PMI). The purpose of our study is to correlate the PMCT radiodensities of the cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ) and vitreous humor (VH) to the PMI. METHODS: Three @entity1 groups were included: group A consisted of 5 donated cadavers, group B, 100 in-hospital deceased @entity1 , and group C, 12 out-of-hospital forensic cadavers. Group A were scanned every hour for a maximum of 36  h postmortem, and the tympanic temperature was measured prior to each scan. Groups B and C were scanned once after @entity204 (PMI range 0.2-63.8  h). Radiodensities of the VH and @entity2841 were measured in Hounsfield units. Correlation between density and PMI was determined using linear regression and the influence of temperature was assessed by a multivariate regression model. Results from group A were validated in groups B and C. RESULTS: Group A showed increasing radiodensity of the @entity2841 over time (r (2) @entity2841 , 0.65). PMI overruled the influence of temperature (r  =  0.99 and p  =  0.000). Groups B and C showed more diversity, with @entity2841 radiodensities below the mean regression line of Group A. The formula of this upper limit indicated the maximum PMI and was correct for >95  % of the cadavers. CONCLUSION: The results of group A showed a significant correlation between @entity2841 radiodensity and PMI. The radiodensities in groups B and C were higher than in group A, therefore the maximum PMI can be estimated with the upper 95  % confidence interval of the correlation line of group A.

title: The radiodensity of cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humor as indicator of the time since XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study evaluated epithelial cell death ELISAs that measure circulating @entity14435 in @entity19 @entity151 xenografts treated with a proapoptotic dose of the @entity2424 mimetic @entity2427 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: H146 @entity5 -bearing and non-H146 @entity5 -bearing @entity466 ( @entity466 )/bg @entity19 were treated with @entity2427 or vehicle control. Plasma collected before and 2 to 360 hours after treatment was analyzed by M30 (caspase-cleaved @entity14435 ) and M65 (intact and cleaved @entity14435 ) ELISA. In parallel, @entity5 were interrogated for cleaved @entity185 and cleaved @entity14435 as biomarkers of apoptosis. RESULTS: @entity2427 -treated @entity5 regressed by 48 hours (P < 0.01) compared with controls, correlating with increased cleaved @entity14435 (P < 0.01; 6 and 24 hours) and increased intact @entity14435 (P < 0.01; 24 hours). Cleaved @entity14435 levels decreased below baseline between 72 and 360 hours for @entity2427 -treated and control @entity19 whereas intact @entity14435 decreased below the level of detection at 8 and 15 days in @entity2427 -treated @entity19 only. Apoptosis in @entity5 reflected changes in circulating @entity14435 (cleaved @entity185 , P < 0.05 at 2 hours and P < 0.001 at 6, 12, and 24 hours; caspase-cleaved @entity14435 , P < 0.05 at 15 days, for drug treated versus controls). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2427 caused @entity5 regression by apoptosis in H146 xenografts that mapped to a drug-specific, early increase in circulating cleaved @entity14435 that subsequently declined. Circulating, intact @entity14435 levels correlated with @entity5 burden. Cleaved @entity185 and caspase-cleaved @entity14435 in @entity5 correlated with treatment (P < 0.05, 2 hours; P < 0.001, 6, 12, and 24 hours; cleaved @entity185 , P < 0.05, 15 days; caspase-cleaved @entity14435 ), indicating that events in plasma were @entity5 derived. These circulating biomarker data will be translated to clinical trials wherein serial @entity5 biopsies are rarely obtained.

title: Circulating biomarkers of cell death after treatment with the XXXX mimetic @entity2427 in a preclinical model of @entity151 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['bearing small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity2424 :: (MESH:C006008,Chemical) :: ['BH-3']


abstract: Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are considered the gold standard of endocrine therapy for @entity2931 receptor-positive postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 . AI treatment was reported to result in marked alterations of genetic profiles in @entity5 tissues but its detailed molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Therefore, we profiled miRNA expression before and after treatment with @entity4672 in MCF-7 co-cultured with primary @entity0 stromal cells. @entity4672 significantly altered the expression profiles of @entity5 miRNAs in vitro. Among the elevated miRNAs following letrozole treatment, computational analysis identified let-7f, a @entity5 -suppressor miRNA which targeted the aromatase gene ( @entity4819 ) expression. Quantitative real-time PCR assay using MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells as well as clinical specimens of a neoadjuvant study demonstrated a significant inverse correlation between aromatase mRNA and let-7f expression. In addition, high let-7f expression was significantly correlated with low aromatase protein levels evaluated by both immunohistochemistry and the western blotting method in @entity0 cases. Results of 3'UTR luciferase assay also demonstrated the actual let-7f binding sites in @entity4819 , indicating that let-7f directly targets the aromatase gene. Subsequent WST-8 and migration assays performed in let-7f-transfected MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells revealed a significant decrement of their proliferation and migration. These findings all demonstrated that let-7f, a @entity5 suppressor miRNA in @entity0 , directly targeted the aromatase gene and was restored by AI treatment. Therefore, AIs may exert @entity5 -suppressing effects upon @entity0 cells by suppressing aromatase gene expression via restoration of let-7f.

title: Aromatase inhibitor treatment of @entity0 cells increases the expression of let-7f, a microRNA targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity4819 :: (1588,Gene) :: ['CYP19A1']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity936 is the most common complication after LASIK procedure and is associated with corneal denervation. We conducted the study to compare @entity936 ( @entity2687 ) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with a femtosecond laser (FS) or microkeratome (MK). METHODS: In this prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study, 87 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1714 were assigned to receive either LASIK surgery with an FS (n = 44) or MK-assisted LASIK surgery (n = 43). The groups were age and sex matched. Corneal sensitivity, Schirmer testing, @entity937 ( @entity937 ), conjunctival and corneal stainings, and a subjective questionnaire (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI]) were evaluated preoperatively, at 1 week, and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Preoperative spherical equivalent and sphere, calculated ablation depth, and suction time differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.01, all comparisons). Postoperatively, @entity2687 decreased in both groups and gradually recovered. Schirmer test values were not significantly different throughout the postoperative time points between the groups. Laser in situ keratomileusis-induced @entity2687 was also increased after operation in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in corneal and conjunctival staining scores. The OSDI scores were increased postoperatively in both groups. After adjustment for the calculated ablation depth, @entity937 was the only parameter that was statistically higher in the FS group than in the MK group (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Both FS- and MK-assisted LASIK reduced @entity2687 and @entity937 and increased corneal staining and OSDI scores. However, @entity937 was significantly higher in the FS group than in the MK group after operation.

title: XXXX after LASIK with a femtosecond laser or a mechanical microkeratome.

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['TBUT', 'tear breakup time']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epitheliopathy', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['Dry eye', 'dry eye parameters and corneal sensitivity']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry eye']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1204 is a common gynaecological @entity5 , but a comparatively small proportion of @entity1 present with or develop recurrent or advanced disease. Progestogens are widely used, with little evidence of their efficacy. Co-morbidity including @entity28 and @entity299 and concerns over @entity137 have prevented more extensive studies of cytotoxic chemotherapy, although there are a number of active agents. OBJECTIVES: To assess any benefits or adverse effects of cytotoxic chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced, recurrent or metastatic @entity1204 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The major medical literature databases were searched for all known randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as were trials registers and reference lists of relevant publications. SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs comparing chemotherapy versus another intervention (including different chemotherapy) in advanced disease were considered. Trials of adjuvant treatment or for @entity5 were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted from the papers by reviewers and authors of included studies contacted for further information. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven eligible trials were identified which entered 2288 @entity1 between 1974 and 2000. A meta-analysis of the 6 trials comparing more with less chemotherapy with combination was possible and included 1135 @entity1 . Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly improved (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.80, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.71 to 0.90, p = 0.004), but there was only a trend toward improved survival (HR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.03). @entity137 was in general higher with the combination chemotherapy regimens. Only one trial showed a significant survival benefit from the addition of @entity1311 to combination chemotherapy, but this was at the expense of increased @entity137 . There was insufficient evidence to assess whether there was any benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy in terms of symptom control or quality of life (QOL) compared with best supportive care. There were no comparative trials of chemotherapy with endocrine therapy AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The optimum cytotoxic drug regimen for advanced @entity1204 has still to be defined although our review suggests that it may contain @entity1311 or @entity902 . These mainly North American and European trial populations represent a highly selected subgroup of the 10, 000 @entity1 dying annually from this disease. Future trials should include measures of QOL and symptom control in addition to PFS and overall survival (OS). They should should also consider comparison of of endocrine therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy in @entity1 with no prior drug therapy. Stratification of @entity1 should take into account other prognostic factors including co-morbidity and prior radiation treatment.

title: Chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma', 'Endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous tumours', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since Glycated @entity2313 (GA) reflects short term variations and glycated protein shows degrees of hyperglycaemia, the objective of this study was to find GA and microalbuminuria as a early risk markers along with the duration of Uncontrolled @entity6 in type 2 @entity2316 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present cross-sectional study included randomly selected Uncontrolled Type 2DM (n = 75), controlled Type 2DM (n = 75) and healthy controls (n = 75). Their fasting venous blood samples were obtained for GA and serum @entity1011 , while their morning urine samples were obtained for detection of microalbuminuria. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS, version 16.0. One-Way ANOVA was performed. All p-values which were  <= 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean GA, microalbuminuria and serum @entity1011 were the highest in Uncontrolled @entity3918 as compared to those in Controlled @entity3918 respectively. Microalbuminuria and GA had a significant correlation with the duration of @entity6 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The present study identified that the risk of microalbuminuria increased with a poor glycaemic control. A persistent increase in GA and microalbuminuria may be considered as risk markers in @entity2316 . Therefore, a regular screening for microalbuminuria and estimation of GA can help in the clinical management, to prevent complications.

title: Evaluation of glycated XXXX and microalbuminuria as early risk markers of nephropathy in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2313 :: (213,Gene) :: ['albumin']


abstract: The sustained effects of biochemical screening to increase both apparent incidence and age at diagnosis indicate that, without screening, most @entity1 with @entity459 would would never be diagnosed. This suggests that asymptomatic @entity1 discovered as a result of screening have a nonprogressive form of the disease, with adverse health effects that are few or nontraditional, for which treatment policies validated only in symptomatic @entity1 may be inappropriate. Accordingly, in 1975 we formulated criteria for withholding surgical treatment from such @entity1 . Of 174 who were eligible for study over a 10 year period, clinical, biochemical, and densitometric assessment was repeated after at least 1 year (mean 52 months) in 106 @entity1 who did not differ in any initial characteristic from 68 @entity1 in whom follow-up was inadequate. There was no change in symptoms, no disease complications, and no change in any index of hormone secretion or disease severity. In 30 @entity1 , individual regression slopes against time were not significant for any serum measurement. In these @entity1 the disease appeared to have stopped progressing by the time the diagnosis was made, most likely because of cessation of @entity5 growth. There was a significant @entity79 at the time of diagnosis but no further acceleration of @entity604 thereafter. In an earlier study, surgical cure was followed by a modest increase in forearm bone density for the first 6 months, but even after 3 years only about 20% of the deficit was corrected. The deficit in bone density is smaller in the spine than in the forearm and is not accompanied by any increase in @entity174 risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Asymptomatic XXXX discovered by multichannel biochemical screening: clinical course and considerations bearing on the need for surgical intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in appendicular cortical bone']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1 and system characteristics of first-time ("incident") vs. recurrent ("recurrent") use of a @entity146 emergency room (PER). METHODS: Data on demographic and clinical characteristics and health service utilization were collected for incident and recurrent users (n=3,719) who visited the PER of the university hospital in Leuven, Belgium, between March 2000 and March 2002. RESULTS: About 64% (n=2,368) were incident and 36% (n=1,351) were recurrent users. The PER was the first treatment setting ever for 50% of the incident users. Incident users were most likely over 69 years (OR=2.84, P<0.001), employed (OR=2.21, P<0.001), or referred by a health care professional (OR=1.72, P<0.001). They were less likely to have a @entity1314 (OR=0.40, P<0.001) or to have used inpatient or outpatient services in the past (OR's 0.11 and 0.65, respectively, P<0.001). About 44% were admitted, 38% referred for outpatient treatment, 9% referred to the outpatient crisis-intervention program, and 9% refused any follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The PER was a first treatment setting ever for 1 in 3 @entity1 . Incident and recurrent users differed in sociodemographic characteristics, pathways to care, service use, and the presence of a @entity1314 . They did not differ in @entity74 , @entity146 , or pathways after care.

title: Who visits the XXXX emergency room for the first time?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['axis 1 disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of a uterine compression suture technique in controlling @entity548 after @entity5030 during cesarean section. METHODS: This prospective study was performed in a tertiary referral hospital and included 18 @entity1 with @entity548 following @entity5030 during elective cesarean section. All 18 @entity1 underwent bilateral anteroposterior compression suture of the lower uterine segment. All @entity1 were followed postpartum for evaluation of uterine cavity and menstrual cycles. RESULTS: Anteroposterior compressive suture of the lower uterine segment achieved immediate complete hemostasis in all 18 @entity1 . No surgical complication was observed. All @entity1 recovered normal menstrual cycles. Normal patency of the uterine cavity was documented with sonohysterography in all @entity1 at the 6-month follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: This quick and simple suture technique seems to be effective in stopping @entity548 following @entity5030 removal during cesarean section. Normal patency of the uterine cavity seems not to be impaired at medium-term follow-up.

title: Compressive suture of the lower uterine segment for the treatment of @entity548 due to XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['complete placenta previa', 'removal of complete placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postpartum hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5030 :: (MESH:D010923,Disease) :: ['complete placenta previa']


abstract: To study the development of the atrioventricular specific system, together with the closely related mesenchymal tissue (from which the fibrous skeleton of the heart later develops). Thirty @entity1 embryos ranging from 3 mm to 30 mm crown-rump length (Carnegie stages 10-23) were used. The primordium of the atrioventricular specific system was observed for the first time in @entity1 embryos of 10 mm Crown-Rump length (Carnegie stage 16) as a cellular aggregate located below the inferior endocardial cushion. The primordium cells originate from the myocardium of the posterior wall of the @entity473 . The primordium later forms both the atrioventricular node and the His bundle. The mesenchymal tissue which surrounds these features originates from the endocardial cushions (particularly from the inferior endocardial cushion). Todaro's tendon and the central @entity82 are later formed from the inferior endocardial cushion. The atrioventricular node and His bundle are both formed from the primordium of the atrioventricular specific system. The node is produced from the cranial-dorsal extension of the primordium while the His bundle is produced from the growth of the primordium in a ventral-caudal direction. The central @entity82 is anatomically defined in the stages post-dating morphogenesis of the atrioventricular specific system.

title: [The development of the atrioventricular node and bundle of His in the XXXX embryonic period].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous body']

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the speed of the healing process of duodenal ulcers during eradication regimens with and without a high-dose anti-secretory drug. SETTING: An outpatient department of a university hospital as a community-based and referral centre. MATERIALS: A total of 101 @entity1 with proven duodenal @entity1066 and a positive urease test were randomized into two groups: one group received the classic triple therapy ( @entity1535 subnitrate 3 x 375 mg for 4 weeks + @entity803 3 x 500 mg + @entity868 3 x 250 mg daily, both for 2 weeks ), the other group received dual therapy comprising @entity115 2 x 1000 mg + @entity4546 2 x 20 mg daily, both for 2 weeks. All @entity1 underwent a control endoscopy 2 and 6 weeks after the beginning of treatment. Eradication was assumed if a urease test and culture were negative in all specimens taken from antral and corpus mucosa. RESULTS: In total, 93 @entity1 completed all 6 weeks of the study (45 @entity1 in the triple therapy group and 48 @entity1 in the dual therapy group). The disappearance of @entity158 was faster in the group under the regimen including @entity4546 (dual therapy) than in the group with triple therapy (2.4+/-2.7 days versus 4.5+/-3.5 days; P< 0.01). The two-week healing rate was significantly higher in the @entity1 treated with dual therapy than in the group treated with triple therapy (77% versus 33.3%; P< 0.01); however, 12 out of 37 @entity1 with a healed @entity1066 in the dual therapy group had an @entity1066 at 6 weeks (six became symptomatic). Only in one of these 12 @entity1 was @entity1534 eradicated. Fifteen of the 45 @entity1 with triple therapy had healed ulcers at 2 weeks, and of these 14 remained healed at 6 weeks ( @entity1534 was eradicated in eight @entity1 ). The six-week healing rate with dual therapy was the same as with classic triple therapy (64.6% versus 77.6%); the eradication rate was lower in the former group than in the latter (30.4% versus 51.1% respectively; P=0.056). CONCLUSION: A high dose of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) combined with @entity115 results in rapid @entity1066 and @entity158 disappearance, but is associated with early @entity1066 due to lack of eradication of @entity1534 . Its addition to regimens with @entity1535 and antibiotics is not necessary to achieve @entity1066 .

title: Continuous and more effective duodenal @entity1066 under therapy with @entity1535 and two antibiotics than with dual therapy comprising @entity4546 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer relapse', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: Tumor-targeted delivery systems are useful in enhancing drug delivery and increasing anti- @entity5 effects. Cell-penetrating peptides have been widely used for this purpose but have been hampered by the poor selectivity between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. As a peptide derived from @entity4047 , @entity4047 peptide ( @entity4047 ) is specifically targeted to @entity9596 , a @entity5 -restricted receptor. More interestingly, @entity4047 possesses cell-penetrating properties that can specifically enhance the uptake by @entity5 cells compared with endothelial cells. Thus, we anchored @entity4047 onto nanoparticles (ILNPs) for @entity11 -targeting delivery. The uptake of ILNPs by U87 cells was higher than that of unmodified nanoparticles (NPs). However, there was no significant difference in the uptake by @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells. In addition, free @entity4047 could also enhance the uptake of both NPs and ILNPs by U87 cells. Anchoring with @entity4047 could enhance the penetration of particles into the core of spheroids. In vivo, the fluorescence intensity of ILNPs in @entity5 was 2.96-fold higher than that of NPs. The modification with @entity4047 also significantly improved the speed and rate of penetration from vessels to @entity5 cells. The enhanced @entity5 localization of ILNPs was mostly attributable to the elevated @entity5 cell internalization of ILNPs, whereas most NPs were colocalized with microvessels or macrophages. Correspondingly, @entity1205 -loaded NPs effectively suppressed the growth of subcutaneous @entity5 . The average @entity5 volume of the ILNP group was only 31.4% that of the control, which was significantly smaller than that of the @entity1205 and NP groups. In conclusion, the modification of @entity4047 selectively enhanced @entity5 cell uptake, improved the penetration effect of NPs and improved the @entity11 localization ability, which led to a better @entity5 -suppression effect.

title: XXXX -homing peptide with a cell-penetrating effect for targeting delivery with enhanced @entity11 localization, penetration and suppression of @entity11 growth.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'U87 tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Glioma']


abstract: Interweaving strategies of electrophysiology, @entity460 imaging and immunocytochemistry bring new insights into the mode of action of the Brazilian scorpion Tityus serrulatusbeta-toxin VII. Pacemaker dorsal unpaired median neurons isolated from the cockroach central nervous system were used to study the effects of toxin VII. In current-clamp, 50 nm toxin VII produced a membrane depolarization and reduced spiking. At 200 nM, depolarization associated with multiphasic effects was seen. After artificial hyperpolarization, plateau potentials on which spontaneous electrical activity appeared were observed. In voltage clamp, toxin VII induced a negative shift of the voltage dependence of @entity1372 current activation without significant effect on steady-state inactivation. In addition, toxin VII produced a permanent @entity4524 -sensitive holding inward current, indicating that background @entity1372 channels were targeted by beta-toxin. Cell-attached patch recordings indicated that these channels were switched from unclustered single openings to current fluctuating between distinct subconductance levels exhibiting increased open probability and open-time distribution. Toxin VII also produced a @entity4524 -sensitive [ @entity141 ]i rise. Immunostaining with @entity12357 (alpha1b) antibodies and @entity460 imaging data obtained with omega-CgTx GVIA indicated that N-type high-voltage-activated @entity460 channels initiated @entity460 influx and were an essential intermediate in the pathway linking toxin VII-modified @entity1372 channels to the activation of an additional route for @entity460 entry. By using inhibitors of (i) noncapacitative @entity460 entry (inhibitor @entity47153 ), (ii) NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (ODQ) and (iii) phosphodiesterase 2 (EHNA), together with @entity6708 antibodies, we demonstrated that noncapacitative @entity460 entry was the final step in a complex combination of events that was initiated by toxin VII-alteration of @entity1372 channels and then involved successive activation of other membrane ion channels.

title: Indirect activation of neuronal noncapacitative XXXX entry is the final step involved in the neurotoxic effect of Tityus serrulatus scorpion beta-toxin.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: @entity150 is a heterogeneous disease with a variable natural history. At one end of the spectrum, low-grade Ta @entity5 have a low progression rate and require initial endoscopic treatment and surveillance but rarely present a threat to the @entity1 . At the other extreme, high-grade @entity5 have a high malignant potential associated with significant progression and @entity5 death rates. In the Western world, @entity150 is the fourth most common @entity5 in @entity1 and the eighth most common in @entity1 . In Europe and the United States, @entity150 accounts for 5% to 10% of all @entity5 in @entity1 . The risk of developing @entity150 at <75 years of age is 2% to 4% for @entity1 and 0.5% to 1% in @entity1 compared with the risk of @entity2 , for example, which is 8% in @entity1 and 2% in @entity1 . For the geographic and temporal comparison of @entity150 incidence, it is crucial to separate the low-grade from the high-grade @entity5 . In epidemiologic studies on risk factors for @entity150 , it is important to distinguish the low-grade Ta @entity5 from high-grade @entity189 in situ (CIS) and @entity5 >T1. Current studies do not support the routine screening for @entity150 . However, prospective long-term studies are required to evaluate the benefits of @entity150 screening, particularly in those at high risk. After assessing all available evidence, the Epidemiology and Diagnosis Committee has made recommendations on various diagnostic issues, including pathologic evaluation, urinary cytology, and imaging studies. Optimal resection techniques, role of repeat transurethral resection in high-grade T1 @entity5 , random bladder biopsy, and prostatic urethral biopsy are discussed, and appropriate recommendations are made according to the strength of available evidence.

title: XXXX : epidemiology, staging and grading, and diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder cancer', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic importance of regional systolic function, as assessed by wall motion score index (WMSI), compared with global function, as assessed by @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), has not been assessed in large populations after @entity583 . METHODS: Echocardiograms, including the assessment of WMSI and @entity1002 , were performed in 767 @entity1 with @entity583 at a median of 1 day (25th and 75th percentiles 0-2 days) after admission. @entity1 were followed for a median of 19 months (range 12-28 months). Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for the primary study end point (all-cause mortality) and for a secondary end point (hospitalization for @entity712 ). RESULTS: During follow-up (median 40 months; range 32-50 months), 216 @entity1 died and 54 @entity1 were hospitalized for @entity712 . By univariate analysis, both @entity1002 (P < .0001) and WMSI (P < .0001) were powerful predictors of all-cause mortality. By a forward conditional Cox model, WMSI proved to be an independent predictor of @entity204 (hazard ratio 1.15 per 0.2-unit increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.21, P < .0001). When WMSI was included in the model, @entity1002 did not provide additional prognostic information (P = .77). Wall motion score index also proved to be an independent predictor of hospitalization for @entity712 (hazard ratio 1.21 per 0.2-unit increase, 95% CI 1.07-1.37, P = .002), whereas @entity1002 did not (P = .56). CONCLUSION: Both @entity1002 and WMSI provide powerful prognostic information after @entity583 ; however, the predictive power of WMSI is greater.

title: Wall motion score index and ejection fraction for risk stratification after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: We reported here 19-year-old @entity1 suffering from circadian sleep-wake (S-W) rhythm disturbance after total @entity5 resection and whole brain irradiation. This 19-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity816 in the right temporal lobe by CT scan and angiography at the age of 6 months. After total @entity5 resection and whole brain irradiation (60Co 60 Gy), he showed profound @entity1155 , endocrinologic dysfunction including @entity1375 and @entity2338 , and sleep-wake rhythm disturbance. At the age of 19, brain MRI revealed asymmetrical low intensity in the hypothalamic region. On endocrinological examination @entity7961 due to primary @entity1640 was evident. His S-W rhythm was disturbed showing a dispersed @entity25 , i.e., sleep periods were dispersedly distributed throughout the 24 hours. So he showed a lethargic tendency in the daytime. All-day polysomnography revealed abnormal sleep structure such as the absence of sleep spindle and hump, peripheral @entity386 , snoring and low @entity26 saturation. After @entity1955 supplementation his daily activity improved gradually. The decrease in short time sleep and tendency of a free-running rhythm were observed and @entity26 saturation improved remarkably. Peripheral @entity386 and snoring disappeared. The wakening effect of @entity1955 administration may be due to improvement of @entity1375 symptom such as myxoedematous pharynx. In addition, it seems related to the alteration of the central S-W rhythm regulation, because free-running rhythm appeared after @entity1955 administration. @entity2186 (VB12), which has been reported to be effective for @entity25 , was not effective for our @entity1 's free-running rhythm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Circadian rhythm disturbance after radiotherapy for brain tumor in infantile period--clinical effect of @entity1955 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic lesion']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['type sleep', 'sleep-wake rhythm disorders']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B12']


abstract: Consecutive registration, rapid retrieval and relevant analysis of information about @entity231 @entity1 were obtained by applying a data form. The form was designed to be used with a statistical computer program (SPSS/PC). Data describing @entity231 cases, operations and postoperative controls were recorded. The information is contained in 76 variables, each with up to 10 alternative answers. The main advantages are the opportunity for quality control and clinical research. As an example, an analysis of the pre- and postoperative visual acuity is presented. Originally, the material consisted of 969 eyes, and of these, 948 eyes were available for follow-up. The postoperative corrected visual acuity was 5/5 or better in 57.2% of the eyes. In 80.4% of the eyes a visual acuity better than 5/10 was achieved. The main cause of postoperative visual acuity less than 5/8.5 was age-related @entity1020 (115 eyes). This @entity1020 was recognized preoperatively in 76 eyes.

title: XXXX surgery. Computer-based registration and analysis of data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy', 'macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) are known to inhibit the progression of @entity177 . The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of an ACEI and an AT1 receptor antagonist ( @entity1809 -Ant) in preventing the development of @entity8 , at an early stage of hypertensive @entity9161 . SHRSP/Izm @entity35 (n = 61) were treated from 10 wk until 22 wk with the ACEI delapril (40 mg/kg/d) or the @entity1809 -Ant @entity1564 cilexetil (1 mg/kg/d). @entity644 , and structural/ultrastructural changes were assessed at 14 and 22 wk. Treatment with either agent resulted in @entity551 and cardiovascular @entity1184 . Neither @entity644 nor major renal histological changes were evident at 14 wk. At 22 wk, however, @entity644 accompanied by nephrosclerotic changes was seen in the untreated SHRSP/Izm. Treatment with either ACEI or @entity1809 -Ant resulted in similar reductions in @entity644 (untreated, 32.2 +/- 7.4; delapril-treated, 5.5 +/- 1.2; @entity1564 -treated, 3.9 +/- 0.3 mg/100 g/d). Prominent @entity1463 of small-to-medium sized renal arteries was seen in the untreated SHRSP/Izm at 22 wk, but was similarly attenuated by the ACEI and @entity1809 -Ant. The glomerular ultrastructure was comparable between the two groups. No significant changes in renal @entity1809 or @entity11154 receptor subtype mRNA expression were seen throughout the course of the study. In contrast, a decrease in AT2 receptor mRNA was seen in the drug-treated groups at 14 wk but not at 22 wk. These results suggest that both ACEI and @entity1809 -Ant have similar efficacy in attenuating the onset of @entity8 in early hypertensive @entity9161 , and that treatment with either agent is associated with a transient decrease in AT2 receptor mRNA expression.

title: Effects of angiotensin inhibitors on XXXX and angiotensin receptor expression in early hypertensive @entity9161 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['established renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in blood pressure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injury']


abstract: @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) is a highly aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) often presenting in extranodal sites or as an @entity3052 . Because of the shared molecular and genetic features, the World Health Organization classification of @entity706 recognizes the @entity1669 and @entity1778 phases of @entity2109 as a single entity: a mature B cell @entity5 , subtype @entity2109 . Because @entity2109 frequently appears in the stomach, we investigated the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity6595 . We discovered 21 @entity1 with @entity6595 through a survey of our @entity1893 registry, and retrospectively analyzed the distinct features of @entity2109 , including the St Jude/Murphy staging, other extranodal involvement, morphology and immunophenotype, response to treatment, and clinical outcome. The @entity1 ' median age was 48 years (range, 7-75), and the male-to-female ratio was 2.5. Stage 1 was found in five @entity1 , stage 2 in five @entity1 , and stage 4 in 11 @entity1 . The stomach body and antrum were most frequently involved. All 21 @entity1 were treated with systemic intensive chemotherapy, producing a 71% (15/21) rate of complete response (CR) to chemotherapy. Both the 2-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 55%. All ten @entity1 in @entity2109 stages 1 and 2 showed outstanding outcomes, and nine of the ten @entity1 exhibited CR and long-term survival. These data show that a high proportion of @entity1 with @entity6595 have a localized disease that is limited to stage 1 and 2, and that these localized BLs have outstanding outcomes. These findings suggest that these BLs could represent a distinct subtype that might have a different biology, which needs to be defined.

title: Gastric XXXX is a distinct subtype that has superior outcomes to other types of @entity2109 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid diseases']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric BL']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma/leukemia', 'Burkitt lymphoma/Burkitt cell leukemia', 'BL']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']


abstract: Various conditions such as @entity174 , dislocation, @entity5 , or @entity281 adversely affect the vertebral body and lead to instability. Restoration of a stable anterior column is essential for normal spinal biomechanics. Various biological and mechanical spacers have been used to reconstruct the anterior column after corpectomy. In this retrospective review, the authors evaluated clinical charts and radiographs of 13 @entity1 receiving @entity702 surgical mesh (TSM)-bone graft composite to reconstruct the anterior spinal column in the @entity1514 or lumbar region. The objective of this review was to evaluate the stability and efficacy of the TSM-bone graft composite in the anterior spine after a complete or partial corpectomy. Sixteen @entity1 with involvement of the @entity1514 or lumbar vertebral column after @entity130 , @entity5 , or @entity281 underwent partial or complete corpectomy. In all @entity1 the anterior defect was reconstructed using a TSM-bone graft composite. Three @entity1 died within 12 months postoperatively due to primary malignant process. Thirteen of 16 @entity1 charts and radiographs were evaluated for anterior fusion status, settling of the TSM-bone graft composite, and hardware failure. No @entity1516 were noted. Evidence of solid anterior fusion was noted in all @entity1 . The average settling of the TSM-bone graft construct was 3 mm. All @entity1 presenting with only @entity158 and no @entity16 (n = 9) experienced early @entity158 relief. For @entity1 presenting with @entity16 (n = 4), the recovery was complete in three and partial in one. No @entity1 was made neurologically worse, and there were no @entity1317 intra- or postoperatively. The study suggests that TSM-bone graft composite offers excellent biomechanical stability in the immediate postoperative period, permitting progressive maturation of the fusion mass.

title: The use of @entity702 surgical mesh-bone graft composite in the anterior XXXX or lumbar spine after complete or partial corpectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthroses']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['thoracic']


abstract: In order to further analyze the biological effects of @entity109 (PB) and @entity24565 ( @entity7034 ) on @entity35 hepatocarcinogenesis, four experiments were undertaken. In the first one, their "promoting" effect on an ongoing carcinogenic process was analyzed. @entity35 were initiated by @entity107 treatment (I) and submitted two weeks later to a selection procedure (S). One week after @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) release, the animals received for up to 56 weeks a basal diet or a diet containing 0.05% of PB or 0.1% of @entity7034 . The quantitative analysis of the gamma- @entity16394 -transferase-positive lesions showed that, 8 to 19 weeks after I, PB enhanced the development of @entity1613 whereas @entity7034 inhibited it as compared to a group receiving a basal diet. However, both compounds enhanced the incidence and the yield of @entity96 starting 27 weeks after I (67% and 95%, respectively, vs 10%). In the second experiment, the effect of chronic administration of PB and @entity7034 given after I without S or after S without I was analyzed. Within a period of observation of 27 to 32 weeks, the incidence of @entity5 was 10% after I/PB and 75% after I/ @entity7034 . No @entity5 developed after @entity27573 , S/ @entity7034 or @entity7034 alone. The third experiment was designed to test whether @entity7034 had an initiating or selecting effect. The results of the quantitative analysis of the gamma- @entity16394 -transferase-positive lesions showed that as compared to @entity107 , @entity7034 had no initiating effect. When @entity7034 replaced @entity5997 in the selection procedure, few @entity5428 -transferase-positive lesions and no @entity5 were detected 8 and 32 weeks after I. The fourth experiment indicated that @entity7034 could not prevent the remodeling of @entity1613 induced in the I/S protocol. Even though they both have a "promoting" effect in @entity409 as evidenced by the increased incidence and yield of @entity5 , PB and @entity7034 act differently.

title: Comparison of the biological effects of XXXX and @entity24565 on @entity35 hepatocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity16394 :: ('CHEBI:32483', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2-acetylaminofluorene']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity24565 :: ('MESH:D009255', 'Chemical') :: ['nafenopin']

answer: @entity109 :: (MESH:D010634,Chemical) :: ['phenobarbital']


abstract: Uncertainty exists about the clinical relevance of @entity4507 malmoense isolation, especially in pulmonary samples. We therefore determined clinical relevance, treatment and outcome of M. malmoense isolation in The Netherlands. A retrospective medical file study was conducted for all @entity1 in The Netherlands from whom @entity4507 malmoense had been isolated between January 2002 and January 2006. Diagnostic criteria for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease published by the American @entity1514 Society (ATS) were used to determine clinical relevance. Treatment was compared with guidelines published by the British @entity1514 Society. In total, 51 @entity1 were found from whom M. malmoense was isolated. Of these, 40 (78%) @entity1 had pulmonary isolates and 32 (80%) of them met the ATS diagnostic criteria. @entity66 was most common (n = 28; 88%). @entity1 with @entity358 were mostly males, with an average age of 56 yrs and pre-existing @entity1030 . @entity1600 was the most common extrapulmonary disease type. Adherence to treatment guidelines was poor. A good clinical response to treatment was observed in 70% and 73% of @entity1 treated for @entity358 , respectively. In conclusion, M. malmoense is a clinically highly relevant NTM in The Netherlands causing serious pulmonary morbidity. Adherence to treatment guidelines is not satisfactory.

title: Clinical relevance of XXXX malmoense isolation in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cavitary disease']

entities_list: @entity4507 :: ('MESH:D009164', 'Disease') :: ['Mycobacterium']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity4507 :: (MESH:D009164,Disease) :: ['Mycobacterium']


abstract: AIMS: To assess and compare the rates of @entity3147 in Hammersmith Hospital NHS Trust over a 5-year period following changes in hospital nutrition care strategies. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Three consecutive cross-sectional studies carried out in 1998, 2000 and 2003. SETTING: Inpatients at Hammersmith Hospital NHS Trust. @entity1 : A total of 2283 inpatients aged over 16 years old, 686 in 1998, 780 in 2000, 817 in 2003. Inpatients excluded: ventilated @entity1 , ante/post-natal @entity1 and @entity1 aged <16. INTERVENTIONS: Improvements in the catering service and nutrition education provision in 2000, and the implementation of a nutrition screening tool and 'Better Hospital Food' in 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence of @entity3147 . RESULTS: There was a reduction in the prevalence of @entity3147 in 2000 and 2003 from baseline data in 1998 (1998: 23.5%, 161/686; 2000: 20.4%, 159/780; 2003: 19.1%, 156/817; P<0.001). The odds ratio of being either at risk of @entity3147 or malnourished was reduced in both 2000 and 2003 by approximately 33% (P=0.001). Indicators of good nutritional practice also improved: Weighing @entity1 on admission increased from 37.5% (257/686) in 1998, to 42.9% (335/780) in 2000, and 59.6% (487/817) in 2003 (P0.001). Dietetic referrals also increased from 31.5% (216/686) in 1998 to 41.6% (340/817) in 2003 (P<0.001)(no change in 2000, 31%, 242/780). Appropriate referrals also improved, results showing that the proportion of malnourished @entity1 who were referred showed a dramatic increase in 2003 (1998: 91/161, 56.5%; 2000: 85/159, 53.5%; 2003: 111/156, 71.2%; P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity3147 in hospital can be influenced by the implementation of a variety of nutrition care strategies, which target identification of @entity3147 and its treatment.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in hospitals can be reduced: results from three consecutive cross-sectional studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced short and long term changes in capacity for intracellular cytokine-production of @entity291 circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Eight dairy @entity291 each received three intravenous injections of @entity526 LPS (10, 100 and 1000ng/kg, consecutively) at 3week intervals. Intracellular cytokine production was determined by flow cytometry in PBMCs obtained 0, 2, 6 and 24h after each LPS challenge. After LPS administration, proportions of monocytes producing @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity17299 , @entity7020 and @entity12524 , as well as proportions of circulating lymphocytes producing @entity12028 , decreased significantly. Within 24h, proportions had returned to or increased above pre-injection levels. Proportions of lymphocytes producing @entity18194 and @entity17838 increased significantly after injection of 1000ng LPS/kg. This study demonstrated that cytokine profiles shift quickly, but temporarily, to favour the anti-inflammatory response immediately after LPS exposure. The long term response to LPS was opposite to the immediate response, as cytokine profiles shifted in the 3weeks between challenges towards a pro-inflammatory response. Proportions of monocytes producing @entity7020 and @entity17299 determined immediately before the second and/or third LPS injection were higher than proportions determined before the first injection, whereas pre-injection proportions of lymphocytes producing @entity18194 decreased with each challenge. These changes may result in a quicker host response to invading pathogens.

title: The cytokine response of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells is changed after intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: A radiometric two-site assay for soluble @entity3745 -antithyroglobulin immune complex ( @entity13808 ) applicable to human serum has been developed. Rabbit anti-(human)IgG globulin and anti-(human) @entity3745 (anti-Tg) were purified by affinity chromatography. When these antibodies were labeled with 125I, 45% and 62% could be bound to their corresponding antigens, @entity3745 , respectively. @entity13808 was prepared by dissolving the immune precipitate (formed with @entity1 @entity3745 [Tg] and human anti-Tg) in excess Tg and chromatographing the mixture on @entity3367 4B. On immunoelectrophoresis @entity13808 migrated between IgG and Tg and formed precipitin lines against anti-IgG and anti-Tg. Serum unknowns were chromatographed on Sepharose 4B to separate @entity13808 from free IgG; the heavy @entity13808 eluated in the first fraction. Standard @entity13808 or prepared unknown was first incubated in plastic cups precoated with anti-IgG. After washing cups (free Tg was removed at this step), bound @entity13808 was identified by binding to cups of added 125I-anti-Tg, the bound radioactivity being directly proportional to the amount of @entity13808 present. Minimal detectable @entity13808 was 0.4 ng/cup corresponding to a serum concentration of 16 ng/ml. The response curves of serial dilutions of serum eluate paralleled the standard curve. Coefficients of within assay variation ranged from 3.7 to 4.9%; coefficients for between assay variation ranged from 20 to 28%. Preliminary data indicated that @entity13808 was not detected in the sera of 10 normal subjects, but was detectable in 7 of 29 subjects (24%) with @entity2743 . The clinical significance of serum @entity13808 levels remains to be determined by more extensive testing. The results indicate that a soluble immune complex, @entity13808 , can be detected in serum with a high degree of sensitivity and reliability.

title: Radiometric measurement of XXXX -antithyroglobulin immune complex in human serum.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity3745 :: ('7038', 'Gene') :: ['IgG globulin and thyroglobulin', 'thyroglobulin']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

answer: @entity3745 :: (7038,Gene) :: ['thyroglobulin']


abstract: Removing the spleen prior to @entity385 abrogates immunologic response to @entity1545 and reduces @entity385 . However, the effectiveness of splenectomy for neuroprotection after @entity64 has not been established. Moreover, the risks of the surgical splenectomy in @entity64 @entity1 create a major obstacle to removing the spleen's inflammatory response. We hypothesized that acute @entity4558 will ablate splenic cells and thereby will diminish @entity64 progression. Male adult @entity35 were subjected to 2-hour @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ), then CT scanned for spleen localization and irradiated to the lateral splenic region with 8Gy of @entity1953 60 at 3, 4, 6 or 8 hrs after start of @entity2806 . Untreated controls underwent the same procedures except that sham irradiation was applied. At 2 or 7 days after @entity63 the @entity35 were euthanized, and brains recovered for the assessment of @entity1545 and the extent of neuroinflammation. Irradiation at 3 hrs reduced spleen weight and lymphocyte blood levels after @entity64 . Splenic irradiation at 3 and 4 hrs after start of @entity63 significantly reduced @entity385 volumes measured at 48 hrs and 7 days, respectively. The histological analysis on day 7 revealed reduced counts of microglia, infiltrating T cells, and apoptotic neurons in the @entity35 irradiated at 4 hrs. The noninvasive single-dose procedure of @entity4558 performed within a time interval of up to 4 hours offers neuroprotection against @entity385 possibly by abrogating deployment of splenic cells to the brain.

title: Acute @entity4558 reduces @entity1545 in the @entity35 focal XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic irradiation']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is largely an @entity342 -sensitive disease. @entity342 -deprivation therapy (ADT) generally has been used for @entity1 with @entity1442 . However, ADT is used increasingly as monotherapy for @entity1 with clinically localized disease. The objective of the current report was to describe the characteristics of @entity1 who underwent ADT for the management of localized disease. METHODS: Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Endeavor (CaPSURE), which is a national disease registry of @entity1 with @entity263 , was screened to identify @entity1 who received treatment with primary ADT (PADT) between 1989 and 2002 for clinically localized disease (T1-T3,Nx/N0,Mx/M0). Clinical data (including Gleason score, @entity1486 [PSA] level, and T classification) and sociodemographic data (including age, race, education, income, and insurance coverage) were analyzed with chi-square statistical tests. Time to failure data were analyzed using log-rank tests, the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses. RESULTS: Of 7045 @entity1 , 993 @entity1 (14.1%) with clinically localized disease received primary ADT. Compared with @entity1 who underwent standard treatment, @entity1 who received PADT had higher risk disease (as defined by PSA level, T classification, and Gleason score) and had more comorbidities. @entity1 who underwent PADT were older, less educated, had lower income, and were more likely to have Medicare than private insurance. The dominant forms of hormone therapy were luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) monotherapy (48.6%) and combined @entity342 blockade (LHRH agonist and antiandrogens; 38.8%). At 5 years after the initiation of PADT, 67.3% of @entity1 still were receiving treatment with only @entity342 deprivation, 103 @entity1 (13.8%) had gone on to receive definitive second treatment (radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy, or cryotherapy), 27 @entity1 (3.9%) underwent second-line therapy (chemotherapy or alternative hormone-deprivation therapy), 22 @entity1 (4.1%) died of @entity263 , and 146 @entity1 (19%) died of all causes. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PADT therapy appeared to control disease in the majority of @entity1 who received it, at least for an intermediate period. However, such @entity1 appeared to be unique based on sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity status, and risk factors compared with @entity1 who received other forms of therapy. The impact of PADT on quality of life needs to be compared with standard therapy, and its long-term durability should be assessed better in @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: XXXX -deprivation therapy as primary treatment for @entity263 : data from Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor (CaPSURE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['Androgen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System (T-TAS(  )) is a novel automated microchip flow-chamber system for the quantitative evaluation of @entity715 formation under blood flow conditions. T-TAS(  ) uses two types of microchip to evaluate @entity715 formation: the AR-chip quantifies white @entity715 formation and the PL-chip quantifies platelet @entity715 formation. We assessed the antithrombotic abilities of various non- @entity2067 antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) using T-TAS(  ). One hundred and three consecutive @entity1 who were hospitalized with @entity65 were enrolled. We divided the @entity1 into 2 groups; a control group that did not receive an anticoagulant (non-AC group) and an anticoagulant group (AC group). The AC group was further divided into @entity1229 , @entity3926 , @entity3925 and @entity5424 groups. We performed common coagulation tests and evaluated the area under the flow pressure curve (AR-AUC and PL-AUC) to quantify antithrombotic ability using T-TAS(  ) at the trough. There were no significant differences in @entity1 characteristics between the non-AC and AC groups. Only 55.1  % of @entity1 in the AC group achieved the target blood pressure (BP) of less than 130/80  mmHg. Compared with the non-AC group, AR-AUC was significantly decreased in the AC, @entity1229 , @entity3926 and @entity5424 groups. Only the @entity3925 group did not show a significant decrease in AR-AUC. NOACs showed a significant decrease in PL-AUC compared with the non-AC group. In conclusion, T-TAS(  ) was a useful tool for evaluating anticoagulation activity. NOACs was significantly effective as an antiplatelet agent. BP control should be a higher priority than the selection of an anticoagulant drug, especially NOACs.

title: Evaluation of the antithrombotic abilities of non- XXXX antagonist oral anticoagulants using the Total Thrombus-formation Analysis System(  ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['vitamin K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To characterize clinically significant diagnostic imaging (DI) discrepancies by radiology trainees and the impact on @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive case series methodology over a 6-month period in an urban, tertiary care teaching hospital. Emergency physicians (EPs) were recruited to flag discrepant DI interpretations by radiology trainees that the EP deemed clinically significant. Cases were characterized using chart review and EP interview. RESULTS: Twenty-eight discrepant reports were identified (representing 0.1% of 18,185 images interpreted). The mean time between provisional discrepant diagnosis (PDDx) and revised diagnosis ( @entity22956 ) by attending radiology staff was 8.6 h (median 4.8 h, range 1.1-48.4), and 67.9% (n = 19) of the @entity1 had left the @entity341 by time of notification. The most frequently reported PDDx was CT abd/pelvis (32.1%, n = 9) and CT head (28.6%, n = 8). The impact of @entity22956 was deemed major in 57.1% (n = 16) for reasons including altered admitting status (32.1%, n = 9), immediate subspecialty referral (n = 16, 57.1%), impact on management (25%, n = 7), and surgical management (21.4%, n = 6). EPs reported likely perceived impact of PDDx as resulting in @entity158 (17. 9%, n = 5), morbidity (10.7%, n = 3), and prolonged hospitalization (25%, n = 7), but not altered long-term outcome or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively few clinically important discrepant reads were reported. Revised diagnosis ( @entity22956 ) was associated with major clinical impact in 57.1% of reports, but few @entity1 experienced increased morbidity, and none increased mortality. The importance of expedient communication of discrepant reports by staff radiologists is stressed, as is EP verification of @entity1 contact information prior to discharge.

title: Clinical impact of diagnostic imaging discrepancy by radiology trainees in an urban teaching hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: The appropriate therapy for @entity0 depends mainly upon early and reliable @entity5 detection, correct @entity5 staging and accurate re-staging after therapy. Current radiological imaging methods are based primarily on morphology resulting in high sensitivity but lacking specificity. Established nuclear medicine techniques are sensitive but not very specific. To improve specificity, a number of monoclonal antibodies, selected against a particular @entity5 -associated antigen expressed on the surface of @entity0 cells, have been radiolabeled for imaging in vivo @entity5 localizations. In theory, radioimmunodetection offers the potential to demonstrate @entity5 cells even in subradiological disease, or when anatomy-based imaging methods may be unable to distinguish the nature of an evident mass, making the differential diagnosis between an inflammatory reaction, a postsurgical @entity82 , or a truly viable @entity5 impossible. Suspected @entity5 recurrence indicated by increasing @entity5 marker levels could be another clinical indication for radioimmunolocalization, even if standard imaging modalities are negative. A large number of antibodies against different epitopes of @entity1 neoplastic breast tissue have been investigated previously. However, a highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody for immunoscintigraphy and radioimmunotherapy has not yet been found. This review addresses @entity5 -biological considerations, radioisotopes and radiolabeling methods, @entity5 targets and different monoclonal antibodies used for immunoscintigraphy (incl. SPECT amd PET) of @entity0 .

title: Radioimmunolocalization of primary and metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Hyaluronan (HA) and versican are key components of the dermis and are responsive to ultraviolet (UV)B-induced remodeling. The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms mediating the effects of @entity172 (E(2)) on HA-rich extracellular matrix during photoaging. Hairless skh-1 @entity19 were irradiated with UVB (three times, 1 minimal erythema dose (80 mJ/cm(2)), weekly) for 10 weeks, and endogenous sex hormone production was abrogated by ovariectomy. Subcutaneous substitution of E(2) by means of controlled-release pellets caused a strong increase in the dermal HA content in both irradiated and nonirradiated skin. The increase in dermal HA correlated with induction of HA synthase @entity14659 by E(2). Expression of splice variant 2 of the HA-binding proteoglycan versican was also increased by E(2). In search of candidate mediators of these effects, it was found that E(2) strongly induced the expression of @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) in UVB-irradiated epidermis in vivo and in keratinocytes in vitro. @entity6354 in turn up-regulated the expression of @entity14659 and versican V2 in dermal fibroblasts. @entity14659 knockdown by shRNA caused inhibition of fibroblast proliferation. Furthermore, @entity14659 and versican V2 induction by E(2) correlated positively with proliferation in vivo. In addition, the accumulation of inflammatory macrophages, expression of inducible @entity1996 , as well as proinflammatory @entity1750 were decreased in response to E(2) in the dermis. Collectively, these data suggest that E(2) treatment increases the amount of @entity8273 via paracrine release of @entity6354 , which may be implicated in the pro-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of E(2) during photoaging.

title: Estradiol protects dermal hyaluronan/versican matrix during photoaging by release of XXXX from keratinocytes.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8273 :: ('MESH:C565742', 'Disease') :: ['dermal HA and versican V2']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

answer: @entity6354 :: (13645(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative effects of @entity2124 and @entity2690 on ketogenesis during puberty. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied overnight changes in plasma @entity16623 -- @entity4322 and @entity4323 --in 35 normal and 26 @entity1723 adolescents at different stages of puberty. The @entity6 adolescents either were on their normal @entity2690 regimen or were studied during an overnight euglycemic clamp with or without suppression of endogenous @entity2124 release. RESULTS: Total @entity6178 body and @entity4322 concentrations in the normal adolescents rose significantly from 2000 (29 +/- 5 microM), reaching a peak at 0200 (103 +/- 16 microM, P < 0.001 vs. 2000). After a brief fall, a further rise occurred before breakfast. Fasting @entity4322 concentrations showed a negative correlation with fasting @entity2690 levels (r = -0.46, P = 0.005) and decreased with advancing puberty, while @entity2690 concentrations increased. In the @entity6 @entity1 on their usual @entity2690 regimen, free @entity2690 levels waned overnight, and an exaggerated rise in ketones was observed before breakfast. During the euglycemic clamp studies, @entity6178 levels were higher than normal throughout the night. Mean overnight @entity2124 and free @entity2690 levels also were higher than in the normal control subjects. The addition of the anticholinergic drug @entity4140 reduced @entity2124 secretion and obliterated the early-night peak of @entity4322 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the early-night peak of @entity6178 concentrations is related to @entity2124 release, whereas the fasting levels are largely determined by @entity2690 concentration. Inadequate @entity2690 delivery in the presence of the high @entity2124 concentrations characteristic of @entity6 adolescents could lead to rapid decompensation and @entity1270 .

title: Evidence for a role for insulin and growth hormone in overnight regulation of @entity4322 in normal and XXXX adolescents.

entities_list: @entity4323 :: ('MESH:C016635', 'Chemical') :: ['acetoacetate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The duration of the plant life cycle is an important attribute that determines @entity410 and coexistence of weeds in arable fields. It depends on the timing of two key life-history traits: time from seed dispersal to germination and time from germination to flowering. These traits are components of the time to reproduction. Dormancy results in reduced and delayed germination, thus increasing time to reproduction. Genotypes in the arable seedbank predominantly have short time to flowering. Synergy between reduced seed dormancy and reduced flowering time would create stronger contrasts between genotypes, offering greater adaptation in-field. Therefore, we studied differences in seed dormancy between in-field flowering time genotypes of @entity51558 . METHODS: Genotypes with early, intermediate or late flowering time were grown in a glasshouse to provide seed stock for germination tests. Secondary dormancy was assessed by comparing germination before and after dark-incubation. Dormancy was characterized separately for seed myxospermy heteromorphs, observed in each genotype. Seed @entity505 and @entity1568 content and seed mass were determined as indicators of seed filling and resource partitioning associated with dormancy. KEY RESULTS: Although no differences were observed in primary dormancy, secondary dormancy was weaker among the seeds of early-flowering genotypes. On average, myxospermous seeds showed stronger secondary dormancy than non-myxospermous seeds in all genotypes. Seed filling was similar between the genotypes, but @entity1568 partitioning was higher in early-flowering genotypes and in non-myxospermous seeds. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity51558 , early flowering and reduced seed dormancy coincide and appear to be linked. The seed heteromorphism contributes to variation in dormancy. Three functional groups of seed dormancy were identified, varying in dormancy depth and nitrate response. One of these groups (FG-III) was distinct for early-flowering genotypes. The weaker secondary dormancy of early-flowering genotypes confers a selective advantage in arable fields.

title: Co-adaptation of seed dormancy and flowering time in the arable weed @entity51558 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity51558 :: ('3719', 'Species') :: ["shepherd's purse"]

answer: @entity51558 :: (3719,Species) :: ['shepherd's purse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of @entity227 with @entity1543 (VIA) in determining the site, the size, and the number of cervical biopsies in @entity1 with positive cervical cytology. METHODS: This study included 486 @entity1 with positive cervical cytology who presented to the Gynaecological Oncology Unit of Minia Maternity University Hospital, Egypt, in the period between January 2008 and September 2011. Visual inspection with @entity1543 was done for all @entity1 . They were classified into 2 groups according to the results of VIA. Group 1 included VIA-negative @entity1 , whereas group 2 included VIA-positive @entity1 . All @entity1 were reexamined with colposcopy to prove or disprove the presence of lesions. Cervical biopsies were taken from @entity1 with positive VIA or colposcopically confirmed lesions using punch biopsy forceps. Biopsies were sent for histologic examination. RESULTS: In group 1, 100 @entity1 were VIA-negative, 66 of them were histopathologically free, whereas 34 @entity1 had positive biopsy results. Group 2 included 386 @entity1 : 31 were histologically free, 239 had @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 1, whereas 116 had @entity3146 2 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: Visual inspection with @entity1543 is a good test for aiding the diagnosis of @entity3146 and may be helpful in determining the site, the size, and the number of biopsies in @entity1 with positive cytologic results. Instead of colposcopy, VIA can be used in developing countries where colposcopic services are not available.

title: Evaluation of cervical biopsies guided by XXXX with @entity1543 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual inspection']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual inspection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the short- and long-term outcomes of the removal of occluded stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With fluoroscopic guidance, 571 lacrimal @entity2636 stents were placed in 502 @entity1 with @entity9467 due to obstruction of the lacrimal system. Of the 571 stents, 142 were removed 2 weeks to 42 months (mean, 7 months) after placement because of recurrent @entity9467 , and the lacrimal system was irrigated with saline solution through the lacrimal point. RESULTS: Stent removal was well tolerated. Mild @entity1415 occurred in one @entity1 and was controlled with a nasal pack. Recurrent @entity9467 was due to obstruction of the stent with mucoid material in 49 (35%) of 142 systems and granulation tissue in 93 (65%) systems. After stent removal, 73 (51%) of the 142 lacrimal systems showed improvement of @entity9467 , with a patent lacrimal system at 7-day follow-up dacryocystography. During the follow-up of 2 weeks to 49 months (mean, 22 months) after stent removal, patency was maintained in 24 (33%) of the 73 lacrimal systems. CONCLUSION: Removal of an occluded lacrimal plastic stent was easy and safe. Recurrent @entity9467 after placement of lacrimal plastic stents can be treated with removal of the occluded stents an irrigation with saline solution through the lacrimal point, which resulted in a patent lacrimal system in 33% of cases in this study.

title: Lacrimal system obstruction treated with lacrimal XXXX stents: outcome of removal of occluded stents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Under physiological conditions, the effects of kinins in the kidney are mainly mediated by the bradykinin B2-receptor, whereas the @entity25580 is strongly induced under inflammatory conditions in a variety of tissues. Knowledge of the distribution of the B1-receptor along the nephron is of importance since the B1-receptor might replace B2-receptors under these conditions. METHODS: Using a RT-PCR/Southern blot approach allowing relative quantification of mRNA levels, ten different microdissected @entity35 nephron segments were analyzed for the presence of the B1- and B2-receptor before and after endotoxin treatment to induce experimental @entity32 . The functionality of the expressed receptors was assessed by kinin-induced intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) mobilization in microdissected nephron segments. RESULTS: While under physiological conditions no B1-receptor mRNA could be detected, after 18 hours of treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the expression of B1-receptor mRNA was strongly induced in the efferent arteriole, the medullary and inner medullary thin limb, and in the distal tubule. Moderate expression was found in the glomerulus, proximal convoluted and straight tubules, and in the medullary thick ascending limb. Small but detectable expression was observed in the cortical collecting duct. The induction of B1-receptor mRNA expression resulted in functional receptor expression, since increases in [ @entity141 ]i were observed upon B1-agonist stimulation. LPS treatment also increased the expression of B2-receptor mRNA in all nephron segments except in the glomerulus, the inner medullary thin limb and the outer medullary collecting duct. However, no related changes in B2-agonist induced rises in [ @entity141 ]i were found. CONCLUSIONS: These studies show a functional induction of the B1-kinin receptor along the @entity35 nephron, which should be taken in account to address the effects of kinins under inflammatory conditions in the kidney.

title: Differential induction of functional B1-bradykinin receptors along the @entity35 nephron in endotoxin induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']