abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic resection tracheoplasty (ERT) for treating post-tracheotomy stomal @entity850 caused by inward collapse of @entity8276 remnants. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2012, we treated 40 @entity1 with "lambdoid" @entity85 with a two-staged minimally invasive procedure undertaken using suspension microtracheoscopy and high-frequency jet ventilation. The first procedure entailed CO    laser photoablation of collapsed tracheal rings and dilatation. The second procedure, performed 6 to 8 weeks later, involved ablation of residual structural obstruction, removal of granulation tissue, and intralesional corticosteroid injection. Perioperative @entity1 and lesion characteristics and results of treatment were assessed. RESULTS: There were 22 males and 18 females, and mean age at first treatment was 59 years. There were 17 cases of scarring at the postero-lateral tracheal groove (trachealis blunting), and 22 @entity1 had age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity scores greater than 4. All @entity1 without trachealis blunting were successfully managed endoscopically, with only one @entity1 requiring one additional endoscopic treatment. Seven @entity1 with trachealis blunting needed additional treatment, and four @entity1 had tracheal resection (P = 0.013). All @entity1 were decannulated, and 75% of @entity1 achieved good @entity1353 outcomes. @entity1 with low morbidities were significantly more likely to achieve good @entity1353 outcomes (P < 0.027). There were no treatment-related worsenings of voice or swallowing. CONCLUSIONS: ERT is an effective minimally invasive treatment for intubation-related @entity6184 . It achieves a successful outcome while avoiding the risks associated with open surgery. We recommend its more widespread use for treating @entity1 with this condition.

title: Outcome of endoscopic resection tracheoplasty for treating lambdoid tracheal stomal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['lambdoid tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal deformity']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: Two cases of @entity43 with squamous differentiation are described. These @entity5 occurred in two @entity1 who were 63 and 46 years old and who presented with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB and III disease, respectively. The first @entity5 recurred following chemotherapy; radiotherapy was given, but the @entity1 died of @entity5 at 4 years. The second @entity5 did not respond to chemotherapy and caused the @entity1 's death at 2 years. In the first case, the squamous differentiation occurred as compact nests of ovoid to spindle cells intermixed with a @entity1377 component. The squamous component of the second case developed as single or small groups of enlarged, eosinophilic cells, often multinucleated, within nests of @entity1377 with @entity31988 bodies. In the latter case, intercellular bridges were identified by light microscopy. Both cases showed squamous features by immunohistochemistry, staining positively for 57-kd keratin, although in the first case but not the second there was also some weaker staining for 54-kd keratin, probably indicating incomplete squamous differentiation with retained glandular features. Electron microscopy in both cases revealed prominent cytoplasmic tonofilaments in the squamous component. These two cases reinforce the concept that squamous differentiation, although more frequent in some other types of common @entity5 , may occur in serous @entity43 as well.

title: XXXX with squamous differentiation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'serous carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity31988 :: ('OMIM:300125', 'Disease') :: ['typical psammoma']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['Papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary']


abstract: Platelets are involved in vascular homeostasis and @entity32 through interaction with circulating blood cells and vascular wall. MiRNAs are small, conserved and non-coding RNA molecules, which interact directly with specific mRNAs regions regulating gene expression. The purpose of this review is to gather all known platelet miRNAs and summarize their role in platelet biogenesis and function. Increasing evidence supports the role of @entity7762 and @entity6529 in megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. Although 284 miRNAs are described to be present in platelets, their role is mostly unknown. The most abundant miRNA in platelets is @entity10019 followed by @entity10013 . The @entity26365 , @entity27164 , @entity21072 , @entity31171 and @entity10019 are critically involved in platelet reactivity, aggregation, secretion and adhesion. The presence of miRNAs known to regulate angiogenesis in platelets is also discussed. Furthermore, platelet-derived microvesicles and microparticles contain several miRNAs, which may facilitate the communication between platelets with other vascular cells, a mechanism that may play an important role in vascular homeostasis and @entity32 . Further studies are needed to elucidate the exact roles of platelet miRNAs in platelet function and vascular biology.

title: MicroRNAs in platelet biogenesis and function: implications in vascular homeostasis and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: A 58-year-old @entity1 , who was undergoing peritoneal dialysis( @entity1726 ) for @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and had been operated by sigmoidectomy for early @entity694 , was diagnosed as peritoneal recurrence of the @entity694 . Her treatment for @entity740 was switched from @entity1726 to hemodialysis. She was administered mFOLFOX6 therapy(reducing the dose to 70%). Hemodialysis was performed 1 hour after administration of @entity901 on day 1 and repeated two days later after the completion of drug administration. No serious adverse events were observed. After 10 courses of mFOLFOX6, an ovarian @entity3 was appeared. We then changed the regimen to FOLFIRI (70% dose)/bevacizumab (BV). @entity1398 (grade 4) was observed after the second treatment. After some rest, 21 courses of FOLFIRI/BV therapy were performed safely by reducing the dose to 60%. We thought that a reduced dose of FOLFIRI/BV therapy appeared to be safe for a @entity1 with @entity740 who is on hemodialysis.

title: [mFOLFOX6 and FOLFIRI/bevacizumab treatment in a @entity1 on hemodialysis with metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: AIM: Colonic @entity1702 are increasing used in the management of @entity697 , both as a bridge to surgery and as a definitive palliative measure in @entity1 unfit for surgery. We describe our experience from a New Zealand hospital and compare our data with that already published in literature. METHODS: In this retrospective 4-year study, data was collected from the case notes of 28 consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 referred for colonic @entity1702 . Uncovered Boston Scientific colonic @entity1702 were placed endoscopically under fluoroscopic guidance. Technical success was considered as correct placement of stent after deployment and clinical success as the passage of flatus and faeces after stent insertion. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Our technical and clinical success rates were 90% and 88% respectively. The procedure was palliative in 15 @entity1 and as a bridge to elective surgery in 13 cases. Procedure-related mortality was 7%. It was because of one early and one late perforation. The average length of stay post procedure was 2 days. Mean survival post stent insertion in the palliative group was 2.4 months and for those with a bridge to surgery was 14 months. CONCLUSION: n Our results support the data published from international centres in terms of deployment of @entity1702 in @entity1 with @entity697 , both as a bridge to surgery and as a definitive palliative measure.

title: Colonic @entity1702 ( XXXX ) in @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute large bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1702 :: (MESH:D013651,Disease) :: ['SEMS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy is a generally safe, cost-effective, and practical technique for the treatment of certain @entity1211 ; however, not all @entity1462 lesions are amenable to the ultrasound-guided method. Venous outflow of the sclerosing agent and extravasation are difficult to check when only ultrasound guidance is used. This study describes a new fluoroscopy-guided technique that uses standardized sclerosing foam for @entity1095 . The short-term efficacy and safety of fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy for @entity1095 was evaluated. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected data was performed for 23 @entity1 (9 males, 14 females) with limited (localized) @entity1211 treated with foam sclerotherapy who were referred from January 2007 to December 2007. Median @entity1 age was 21 years (range, 5 months-39 years). Lesion locations included extremities in 13, faces in eight, and trunks in two. The standardized sclerosing foam was prepared using Tessari's method to mix room air with 5% @entity8191 in a 4:1 ratio. Sclerotherapy was performed by the "filling-defects" technique under fluoroscopy. Postsclerotherapy surveillance was done at 6 months after the last session. Treatment response was assessed clinically and by means of lesion size measurement with magnetic resonance imaging. During the treatment and the follow-up period, adverse events and adverse drug reactions were recorded. Specific complications were classified as major or minor. RESULTS: A total of 58 treatment sessions were performed (mean, 3 sessions per @entity1 ; range, 1-6 sessions). At the 6-month follow-up, 15 @entity1 (65.2%) showed a total disappearance of treated @entity600 , six (26.1%) showed a reduction in @entity600 size of >50%, and two (8.7%) showed a reduction in @entity600 size of </=50%. The overall @entity1 -reported outcome was excellent in 11 (47.8%), good in 8 (34.8%), or moderate in 4 (17.4%). Minor complications included @entity4 and inflammatory reaction per session, mild @entity158 in 17 sessions (29.3%), and skin blister at the injection site in two sessions (3.4%), which resolved spontaneously within several days to 2 weeks. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopic guidance could have great promise in foam sclerotherapy of @entity1095 , although larger studies are necessary to determine the advantages of this technique over other sclerotherapeutic methods.

title: Fluoroscopy-guided foam sclerotherapy with XXXX for @entity1095 : Preliminary experience.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity8191 :: ('MESH:D012976', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium morrhuate']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity8191 :: (MESH:D012976,Chemical) :: ['sodium morrhuate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular genetic causes and their characteristics of @entity2319 in Ningxia province, we established screening of three common @entity74 genes in 336 deaf and hard-of-hearing @entity1 in this district. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from a total of 336 @entity1 with @entity6363 in parts of special education schools in Ningxia province to extract genomic DNA. The mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA @entity19229 mutation was screened by PCR Alw26I digestion and sequence analysis PCR and direct sequencing were used to analyze the coding region of @entity3492 and exons 8 and 19 of @entity6361 . Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS 11.0 software. Frequencies of different @entity3492 or @entity6361 mutations were compared between Han and Hui @entity1 . RESULTS: Among these 336 @entity1 , seven cases (2.08%, 7/336) were found to carry mtDNA 12S rRNA @entity19229 homozygous mutation, 45 cases (13.39%) were caused by @entity3492 mutations and 28 cases (8.33%) had two mutated alleles (homozygote and compound heterozygote) of @entity6361 . In detail, 16.67% (56/336) @entity1 carried @entity3492 mutations including 11 single mutant carriers. The allele frequency of @entity6365 and @entity25494 were 9.52% (64/672) and 2.68% (18/672), respectively, making up 81.19% (82/101) of all pathogenic mutated alleles for @entity3492 . The single mutant allele carriers of @entity6361 is 32, and two types ( @entity35468 and @entity6366 ) accounted for 95.29% (24/27) mutations, totally. We also found that statistically significant differences in @entity35468 and @entity6366 frequencies between Han and Hui @entity1 ( @entity35468 ,   (2) = 8.229, P = 0.004; @entity6366 ,   (2) = 5.277, P = 0.022). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity3492 mutation between Han and Hui @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3492 mutation was a primary cause for @entity6363 in Ningxia province, and @entity6365 was the most common mutant forms of @entity3492 . @entity35468 and @entity6366 were common mutant forms of @entity6361 , their frequencies were also statistically significant differences between Han and Hui @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of the hereditary etiology of 336 @entity1 with XXXX from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary deafness']

answer: @entity6363 :: (MESH:C537845,Disease) :: ['non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: Malignant strictures of the extrahepatic bile ducts are difficult to distinguish from benign strictures, particularly in @entity1 with @entity991 . Because attempts at diagnosing small @entity5 with fine-needle aspiration biopsy are not possible in the absence of an associated @entity66 and because the sensitivity of exfoliative biliary cytology is controversial, brush cytology has been used as a potential means of establishing a specific diagnosis of @entity1126 . Herein we report our experience with this technique when performed on 65 @entity1 over a 5-yr period. Each had at least one brushing. Thirty-seven were found to have @entity1126 and 28 were found to have benign strictures. Of these 37, the first brushing was positive for @entity5 in 15 (40%), whereas four (11%) had cells suspected but not diagnostic of @entity5 . Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1126 whose initial brushings were negative for @entity5 had second brushings. Of these, five (38%) had malignant cells, whereas three (24%) yielded suspicious cells. Three of the eight whose first two brushings were negative for @entity5 were found to have malignant cells on the third brushing. In contrast, of the 28 @entity1 with benign strictures, malignant cells were never found. However, in two @entity1 , suspicious cells were reported with the first but not the second brushing. A single negative or suspicious cytological finding decreased the probability of @entity1126 to 43%. Two and three sequential negative tests reduced the probability to 32% and 0%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Diagnostic value of brush cytology in the diagnosis of @entity1126 : a study in 65 XXXX with bile duct strictures.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rapid and specific molecular tests for identification of the recently identified pandemic @entity778 as well as rapid molecular tests to identify antiviral resistant strains are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES: We have evaluated the performance of two novel reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) targeting specifically hemagglutinin and @entity689 of pandemic @entity778 in combination with a conserved matrix PCR. In addition, we investigated the performance of a novel discrimination RT-PCR for detection of the @entity15998 resistance mutation in the @entity689 gene. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical performance of both subtype specific RT-PCR assays was evaluated through analysis of 684 throat swaps collected from individuals meeting the WHO case definition for the novel pandemic @entity683 virus. Analytical performance was analyzed through testing of 10-fold serial dilutions of RNA derived from the first Dutch sequenced and cultured confirmed case of novel pandemic @entity281 . Specificity and discriminative capacities of the @entity15998 discrimination assay were performed by testing wild type and recombinant @entity15998 pandemic @entity683 . RESULTS: 121 throat swaps collected from April 2009 to July 2009 were positive by at least two out of three RT-PCRs, and negative for the seasonal H3/H1 subtype specific RT-PCR assays. 117 of these were tested positive for all three (Ct-values from 15.1 to 36.8). No @entity684 resistance was detected. CONCLUSIONS: We present a sensitive and specific approach for detection of pandemic @entity683 and a rapid RT-PCR assay detecting a primary @entity684 resistance mutation which can be incorporated easily into clinical virology algorithms.

title: Evaluation of a rapid molecular algorithm for detection of pandemic @entity778 and screening for a key @entity684 resistance ( XXXX ) substitution in @entity689 .

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus', 'influenza A/H1N1 virus']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A/H1N1 2009']

answer: @entity15998 :: (p|SUB|H|275|Y,ProteinMutation) :: ['H275Y']


abstract: In a report describing life ending @entity174 (255 @entity1641 ) from the Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, Kentucky (1993 and 1994), 32 foals had @entity174 . The purpose of our study was to examine the incidence of @entity174 in newborn foals on a Thoroughbred studfarm by physical and radiographic examination, to determine factors which may contribute to the problem and to document any clinical consequences. All foals (263) included were examined within 3 days of birth. The thoracic cage was palpated externally for abnormalities and all foals were placed in dorsal recumbency to evaluate thoracic cage symmetry. Radiographs were used to diagnose foals with thoracic cage asymmetry ( @entity2974 ) and @entity174 ( @entity174 ). A diagnosis of @entity3029 ( @entity3029 ) was made when no radiographic evidence of @entity174 was present but there was severe @entity2974 . Fifty-five foals (20.1%) had @entity2974 (9 @entity174 ). One to 5 ribs were @entity174 on 9 of 40 radiographic studies. No consequences of the @entity130 was detected clinically, radiographically or ultrasonographically in this group of foals or at a 2- and 4-week follow-up examination. The percentage of foals with a history of abnormal parturition was higher in the @entity2974 foals (15%) compared to the normal foals (6.8%). There were more primiparous dams in the @entity2974 group than in the normal foal group. Fillies (56.6%) had a higher incidence of @entity600 than colts (43.4%). This study demonstrates that @entity130 is often present in newborn foals and may not always be of clinical significance. @entity1266 foals and foals from primiparous mares should be considered high risk for @entity130 .

title: XXXX in newborn foals.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'RF', 'rib fracture', 'fractured', 'fracture', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth trauma']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic trauma']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'costochondral dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Thoracic trauma']


abstract: The effect of @entity3413 on serum total and HDL @entity165 and total @entity412 levels in 20 @entity753 @entity1 on CAPD treatment was studied. The drug was given at the initial dose of 10 mg/day which was doubled up to 40 mg/day. Two non-compliant @entity1 stopped the drug in the first week of treatment. One @entity1 had @entity391 and stopped @entity3413 . One @entity1 reduced the dose from 20 to 10 mg/day because of increase in @entity9153 level. The study was completed in 16 patients. Serum @entity165 decreased from 318 +/- 39 to 208 +/- 34 mg/dl (p < 0.001), @entity412 from 317 +/- 129 to 278 +/- 160 mg/dl and HDL @entity165 from 43 +/- 13 to 35 +/- 11 mg/dl. The effective does was 10 mg/day in 4 cases, 20 mg/dl in 7 and 40 mg/dl in 5. In CAPD @entity1 , @entity3413 is safe and effective in lowering serum @entity165 . The clinical significance of the decrease in HDL @entity165 and its possible effect on clinical outcome are still unknown.

title: Effect of XXXX in CAPD @entity1 with hypercholesterolemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['simvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of ghrelin producing cells (GPC) are present in the fundic gland of the stomach and recognized as X/A like cells. The detailed distribution of GPC in the stomach is still unknown in healthy and pathological subjects. METHODS: We investigated the detailed distribution of GPC in the stomach, especially in relation with @entity102 , using surgical specimens from 12 @entity1 with early @entity356 . Either the anterior or posterior half of the whole stomach, which was a counterpart of the @entity5 bearing side, was subjected for immunohistochemistry of ghrelin, and the number of total GPC were semi quantitatively evaluated as GPC score. GPC score was compared with the degree of @entity102 , serum ghrelin concentration and body weight. RESULTS: GPC was not observed in the pyloric gland, but heterogeneously distributed in the fundic gland mainly in upper body and the greater curvature. The GPC score showed about nine-fold difference, which correlated well with the degree of @entity102 by Sydney score (r  =  -0.84, P  <  0.001). The serum ghrelin concentration was basically determined by the GPC score (r  =  0.75, P  =  0.0047); however, the @entity28 @entity1 showed low serum ghrelin concentration in spite of the presence of abundant GPCs. In the low GPC score patients, serum ghrelin was constantly low regardless of their body weight. CONCLUSIONS: GPC was inversely correlated with progression of @entity102 . Its quantification using immunohistochemistry of the whole stomach was useful to comprehensively evaluate ghrelin profile.

title: Mapping analysis of ghrelin producing cells in the XXXX stomach associated with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The aim of the present work is to determine the optical absorption cross section for visible radiation of various types of multiwall @entity505 nanotubes (MWCNTs) having different dimensions through macroscopic optical measurements. This is achieved by dispersing MWCNTs in @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) and preparing composite films. Different percentages (0.0% to 1.5%) of each MWCNTs type were mixed into the @entity16549 matrix using high speed mechanical stirring (~1000 rpm) and ultrasonication (~37 kHz) to reach optimal dispersion. By using doctor blading technique, 100   m thick uniform films were produced on glass. They were then thermally cured and detached from the glass to get flexible and self-standing films. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) analysis of cryo-fractured composite samples was used to check the dispersion of MWCNTs in @entity16549 , while Raman spectroscopy and FTIR were employed to rule out possible structural changes of the polymer in the composite that would have altered its optical properties. Total and specular reflection and transmission spectra were measured for all films. The absorption coefficient, which represents the fractional absorption per unit length and is proportional to the concentration of absorbing sites (i.e., MWCNTs at photon energies upon which @entity16549 is non-absorbing), was extracted. For each MWCNTs type, the absorption cross section of an individual MWCNT was obtained from the slope of absorption coefficient versus MWCNTs number density curve. It was found to be related with MWCNT volume. This method can be applied to all other nanoparticles as far as they can be dispersed in a host transparent matrix.

title: Optical Absorption Cross Section of Individual Multi-Walled XXXX Nanotubes in the Visible Region.

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: CONTEXT: The current survey study investigated the recurrence rate of @entity4089 after @entity9229 ( @entity14137 )-induced pregnancy and after lactation as well as safety of CAB exposure during early gestation. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1997-2008, 143 pregnancies were recorded in 91 @entity1 with @entity4089 (age 30.4    4.7 yr, 76 microadenomas, 10 macroadenomas, and five nontumoral @entity4089 ). CAB therapy was discontinued within wk 6 of gestation in all. Pregnancies were monitored until delivery or termination, during and after lactation, twice yearly up to 60 months. The incidence of abortions, @entity3465 , and fetal @entity600 was also analyzed. RESULTS: Pregnancies resulted in 13 (9.1%) spontaneous abortions and 126 (88.1%) live births. No @entity4670 were recorded. In 29 of 91 @entity1 (three with macroadenomas), treatment with CAB had to be restarted within 6 months after lactation because of @entity4089 recurrence, whereas in 68% of cases, no additional therapy was required up to 60 months. No @entity5 mass enlargement was observed. All @entity1 but three were breastfeeding, 35 (38.5%) for less than 2 months and 56 (61.5%) for 2-6 months. Three months after cessation of lactation and 60 months after pregnancy, no difference in prolactin levels was found between @entity1 nursing for less than 2 months and 2-6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Fetal exposure to CAB at conception does not induce any increased risk of @entity2208 or @entity600 . Pregnancy is associated with normalization of prolactin levels in 68% of @entity1 . Breastfeeding does not increase the recurrence rate of @entity4089 .

title: Results of a single-center observational 10-year survey study on recurrence of XXXX after pregnancy and lactation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity4670 :: ('MESH:D009358', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal malformations and/or abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of race on the efficacy and safety of standard chemotherapy doublet regimens in African American @entity1 , we conducted a subgroup analysis of a phase III randomized trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemona  ve @entity1 with a performance status of 0 or 1 and stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 were randomized to arm A: @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus @entity3003 area under the curve 5.5 on day 1; arm B: the same schedule of @entity136 plus @entity1311 200 mg/m2 on day 1; or arm C: @entity1311 225 mg/m2 on day 1 plus @entity3003 area under the curve 6.0 on day 1. Cycles were repeated every 21 days up to 6. A site selection tool identified institutions with potential to recruit a minority population. Outcome and @entity137 data of white and African American @entity1 were compared. RESULTS: Of 1135 total @entity1 , 972 were white (85.6%) and 138 were African American (12.2%). Median survival was 8.3 months for white @entity1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.7-9.3) and 9.1 months for African American @entity1 (95% CI: 8.2-11.1). Response rates were 29.1 and 29.0%, respectively. Rates of grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were comparable. Among African Americans, median survival was 7.2 months (95% CI: 5.1-10.1) for @entity136 - @entity3003 (n = 47), 10.5 months (95% CI: 7.1-15.4) for @entity136 - @entity1311 (n = 42), and 10.2 months (95% CI: 8.5-13.2) for @entity1311 - @entity3003 (n = 49). CONCLUSION: Whites and African Americans had similar outcomes, although there was some variability in survival among African Americans across the three treatment groups.

title: A Comparison of white and African American outcomes from a three-arm, randomized, phase III multicenter trial of advanced or metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Serum alkaline phosphatase has been associated with increased mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 but its associations with mortality in @entity740 ( @entity740 ) stages III and IV are unknown. Design, settings, @entity1 _ measurements: In 1094 @entity1 in the African-American Study of @entity8 and @entity101 (AASK) database, the associations of serum alkaline phosphatase with mortality and cardiovascular events were examined in Cox models. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) age was 54 +/- 11 yr, and 61% were @entity1 . The median alkaline phosphatase was 80 IU/L, and interquartile range was 66 to 97 IU/L. The mean follow-up was 4.6 yr. There were 105 (9.6%) all-cause deaths and 149 (13.6%) cardiovascular events. Each doubling of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly associated with increased hazard [hazard ratio (HR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 -2.36] of all-cause mortality adjusted for demographics, drug and blood pressure groups, and comorbidity. With further adjustment for liver function tests as well as serum @entity460 and @entity3151 , each doubling of serum alkaline phosphatase remained significantly associated with increased mortality (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.33). Serum alkaline phosphatase was not significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: Independent of liver function tests and serum @entity460 and @entity3151 , higher levels of serum alkaline phosphatase are associated with increased mortality in the @entity740 population. Further studies are warranted to identify the potential mechanisms for this association.

title: Serum alkaline phosphatase and mortality in African Americans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to retrospectively review the postoperative results of transnasal transostial sphenoidotomy in 79  @entity1 with isolated chronic @entity18184 operated between 1995 and 2013 and evaluate the recurrence rate due to postoperative closure of the sphenoidotomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-nine @entity1 , 44  @entity1 and 35  @entity1 (M:F sex ratio: 0.79) aged 10 to 84  years (mean age: 48), were included. The most common presenting symptom was @entity10 in 61% of cases. @entity227 were present in three cases. The diagnostic work-up comprised nasal endoscopy, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the sinuses. The surgical indication was based on failure of antibiotic therapy and/or the nature and severity of @entity18184 . All @entity1 were operated by endoscopic transnasal transostial sphenoidotomy. Samples were taken for histological, bacteriological and mycological examination. RESULTS: No intraoperative or immediate postoperative complications were observed. Nature of the lesion: forty-seven @entity1 (59.5%) presented nonspecific inflammatory lesions with negative @entity364 and inflammatory mucosal changes, 19  @entity1 (24%) had @entity364 presenting as a @entity364 and 13  @entity1 (16.4%) had documented bacterial @entity1244 . Mean postoperative follow-up was 7.4  months (range: 6-48). No recurrence of the @entity1244 or symptoms was observed in 71  cases (89.8%). Recurrence: eight cases (10.2%) of postoperative closure of the sphenoidotomy were observed, requiring one (6  cases) or several (2  cases) reoperations with a mean of 16.4  months after the initial procedure. Symptoms of recurrence consisted of varying degrees of @entity10 , with similar symptoms to those of the first episode in 7  cases, and @entity10 in 1  case. Reoperation was performed via a transnasal transostial approach in 6  cases and a transethmoidal approach in 2  cases. CONCLUSION: The transnasal transostial surgical approach is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of isolated @entity18184 . However, the recurrence rate due to postoperative closure of the sphenoidotomy observed in our series raises the question of postoperative maintenance of a patent and functional sphenoidotomy.

title: Results of transnasal transostial sphenoidotomy in 79  cases of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal culture', 'fungus ball', 'fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['retro-orbital headache', 'headache']

entities_list: @entity18184 :: ('MESH:D015524', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoid sinusitis']

answer: @entity18184 :: (MESH:D015524,Disease) :: ['sphenoid sinusitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is to discuss a surgical approach for ideal and safe resection of @entity4615 using the da Vinci S Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, @entity2948 ). METHODS: Nineteen consecutive @entity1 underwent resection of @entity4615 with the da Vinci S Surgical System. Mean age of the @entity1 was 46 +/- 16 years. Mean @entity5 size was 45 x 5.5 cm. Fifteen @entity5 were in the left atrium, of which 11 @entity5 arose from the interatrial septum, 2 from the posterocaudal wall, 1 from the root of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, and 1 from the left atrial roof. In 13 @entity1 , exploration was conducted through a left atriotomy anterior to the pulmonary veins and excision was achieved by dissecting a plane through the atrial muscle at the point of attachment. In the first 2 @entity1 , exploration and excision were conducted through an oblique right atriotomy. Four @entity5 were in right atrium, all of which were resected from the beating heart. The da Vinci instrument arms were inserted through three 1-cm trocar incisions in the right side of the chest. Via 4 port incisions and a 1.5-cm working port, all the procedures were completed with a 30 degrees angled endoscope facing upward with the da Vinci S robot. RESULTS: Resection was successful in all @entity1 . There were no operative deaths, @entity64 , or other complications. All the @entity1 were discharged. No recurrences of @entity5 or septal leakage were found in the complete 1- to 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The excision of @entity4615 with the da Vinci S Surgical System is feasible, efficacious, and safe. Surgical results are excellent.

title: Excision of XXXX using robotic technology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxomas', 'atrial myxoma']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['atrial myxoma']


abstract: In this paper, we report the identification of genes from pine (PpAAT), @entity958 (AtAAT) and @entity579 (OsAAT) encoding a novel class of @entity492 aminotransferase (AAT, EC 2.6.1.1) in plants. The enzyme is unrelated to other eukaryotic AATs from plants and animals but similar to bacterial enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that this prokaryotic-type AAT is closely related to cyanobacterial enzymes, suggesting it might have an endosymbiotic origin. Interestingly, most of the essential residues involved in the interaction with the substrate and the attachment of @entity2707 cofactor in the active site of the enzyme were conserved in the deduced polypeptide. The polypeptide is processed in planta to a mature subunit of 45 kDa that is immunologically distinct from the cytosolic, mitochondrial and chloroplastic isoforms of AAT previously characterized in plants. Functional expression of PpAAT sequences in @entity526 showed that the processed precursor is assembled into a catalytically active homodimeric holoenzyme that is strictly specific for @entity492 . These atypical genes are predominantly expressed in green tissues of pine, @entity958 and @entity579 , suggesting a key role of this AAT in @entity1568 metabolism associated with photosynthetic activity. Moreover, immunological analyses revealed that the plant prokaryotic-type AAT is a nuclear-encoded chloroplast protein. This implies that two plastidic AAT co-exist in plants: a eukaryotic type previously characterized and the prokaryotic type described here. The respective roles of these two enzymes in plant @entity535 metabolism are discussed.

title: Identification and functional analysis of a prokaryotic-type @entity492 aminotransferase: implications for plant XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2707 :: ('MESH:D011732', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxal phosphate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Stereotactic aspiration for @entity1779 has become widely used due to improvements in computed tomography (CT). CT-guided stereotactic aspiration for @entity428 was performed in 46 cases. Stereotactic aspiration with coordinate software was carried out among 16 cases. We compared the clinical results of conventional stereotactic aspiration with results of the new method using coordinate software. Using coordinate software, we can examine the route for the target point, as well as the target point of the @entity1410 before surgery. Therefore we can avoid obstacles such as ventricles and internal capsules. Further, we can aspirate @entity1410 by using only this one procedure. Mean @entity1410 aspiration percentage has risen from 44.9 to 87.2% by using coordinate software. Rate of drainage tube insertion after operation has decreased from 90 to 50%. The period of placement of the @entity281 due to the drainage tube has become lower, too. Therefore we can say that the outcome of treatment of @entity428 is improved by using coordinate software.

title: [Stereotactic aspiration using coordinate software for hypertensive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['drainage tube and the frequency of infection']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hematoma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive intracranial hematomas']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hematomas']


abstract: We have measured gastrin receptors (GR) in surgical specimens from 67 @entity1 with primary @entity694 in order to determine the clinical significance of GR in @entity694 . GR analysis was performed on these specimens, and 22 @entity5 (32.8%) had no detectable GR. @entity5 (56.7%) had high-affinity (Kd less than 1.0 nM) levels of GR. Seven @entity5 (10.4%) had only low-affinity GR (Kd greater than 1.0 nM). Twenty @entity1 (29.9%) had @entity5 with GR greater than 10 fmol/mg protein. Mean GR content was significantly greater (11.8 +/- 2.9 fmol/mg protein) in @entity5 when @entity5 (6.2 +/- 1.6 fmol/mg protein). A significantly greater percentage (52.4%) of @entity1 in the early stages (A and B) had @entity5 with greater than 10 fmol/mg protein compared to @entity1 with more advanced (C and D) @entity5 (19.6%). GR content did not correlate with histological differentiation, @entity1 age, or preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen levels. No difference in the GR content was noted between left and right @entity694 or in @entity1 of different sex or race. GR content of normal colon mucosa correlated with the GR content of @entity694 from the same surgical specimen, suggesting that these @entity5 maintain their normal complement of GR. In the early period of follow-up, 12 of 43 (28%) Stage C and D @entity1 with GR less than 10 fmol/mg protein have died, whereas all 8 Stage C and D @entity1 with GR greater than 10 fmol/mg protein are alive. GR content of @entity694 may have prognostic significance and may identify a group of @entity1 with @entity694 that may benefit from hormonal therapy with antigastrin drugs.

title: Clinical significance of gastrin receptors in XXXX @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["Dukes' Stage A and B cancers", 'Thirty-eight cancers', 'compared to Stage C and D cancers', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To investigate feasibility of a quantitative study of @entity263 using three dimensional (3D) fiber tractography. METHODS: In this institutional review board approved retrospective study, 24 @entity1 with biopsy proven @entity263 underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an endorectal coil on a 1.5 T MRI scanner. Single shot echo-planar diffusion weighted images were acquired with b = 0.600 s/mm(2), six gradient directions. Open-source available software TrackVis and its Diffusion Toolkit were used to generate diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) map and 3D fiber tracts. Multiple 3D spherical regions of interest were drawn over the areas of @entity5 and healthy prostatic parenchyma to measure tract density, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA), which were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: DTI tractography showed rich fiber tract anatomy with tract heterogeneity. Mean @entity5 region and normal parenchymal tract densities were 2.53 and 3.37 respectively (P < 0.001). In the @entity5 , mean ADC was 0.0011 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s vs 0.0014 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s in the normal parenchyma (P < 0.001). The FA values for @entity5 and normal parenchyma were 0.2047 and 0.2259 respectively (P = 0.3819). CONCLUSION: DTI tractography of the prostate is feasible and depicts congregate fibers within the gland. Tract density may offer new biomarker to distinguish @entity5 from normal tissue.

title: Quantitative study of XXXX using three dimensional fiber tractography.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the antihypertensive effect of @entity3371 in mild and moderate @entity101 @entity1 uncontrolled with diuretics. METHODS: Low dose of @entity3371 (25 to 50 mg) bid were associated during 9 weeks in 120 @entity1 previously treated with 100 mg of @entity918 . A subgroup of @entity1 (74) were followed additionally for 3 weeks with the same dose of the drugs administered as a single dose. The @entity1 were clinically evaluated after two weeks placebo, and each three weeks of active drugs. Blood pressure normalization were considered when diastolic arterial pressure was < or = 90 mmHg. Laboratory tests were measured before diuretic, before @entity3371 and at the end of combined twelve weeks treatment. RESULTS: After 15 days washout, the baseline supine arterial pressure, 168 +/- 2/ 109 +/- 1 mmHg decrease significantly with diuretic to 151 +/- 1/ 101 +/- 1 mmHg and the drop was further increased with @entity3371 b.i.d., with a mean dose of 44 +/- 1 mg, to 137 +/- 1/ 90 +/- 1 mmHg. Blood pressure normalization was obtained in 58% @entity1 with @entity3371 b.i.d. and in 63% as single dose. Blood pressure normalization was achieved in 63% of non-white @entity1 and in 56% @entity1 over 45 years old. Plasmatic @entity972 decreased significantly with diuretic and did not recovered when @entity3371 was associated. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that the addition of low dose of @entity3371 twice or once a day may result in a marked additional blood pressure reduction in cases of insufficient control by the diuretic alone.

title: [ XXXX in mild and moderate @entity101 resistant to diuretic therapy. A multicenter study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['Captopril']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) Compare outcomes of orthopaedic @entity130 @entity1 with culture-negative @entity281 to those with pathogens identified; (2) identify the incidence of culture-negative @entity281 and describe common characteristics. DESIGN: Retrospective study SETTING:: Two level 1 @entity130 centers @entity1 :: 391 @entity1 16 years or older who underwent irrigation and debridement (I_D) for @entity281 after having undergone @entity174 fixation were included. INTERVENTION: @entity1 underwent I_D with cultures and antibiotic therapy was initiated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: Treatment failure due to unsuccessful eradication of @entity281 and time to union. RESULTS: We found 9% incidence of culture-negative @entity281 . Approximately one third of @entity1 in both groups went on to treatment failure (25% of pathogen-specific infections, 38% of culture-negative infections, p=0.15) and there was no difference between the two groups with regard to time to union (22 vs. 24 weeks, p=0.55). More than one third of @entity1 required subsequent reconstructive procedure and 5% of @entity1 in each group required amputation to control their @entity281 . There was no difference between the groups with respect to use of antibiotics prior to intervention and culture. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the devastating effect that post-operative infections can have and suggests that, with clinical sign of @entity281 , negative cultures do not portend a better prognosis. These entities should be treated in a similar manner to infections with positive cultures. Furthermore, we believe that future studies should not strictly rely on presence of positive intra-operative cultures. Consensus as to what constitutes a clinical @entity281 , in the absence of positive cultures, is needed.

title: Culture Negative Infection After Operative Fixation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'surgical site infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse how comorbidity among @entity1 with @entity615 , @entity308 and @entity571 influences healthcare costs per @entity1 . A special focus was made on the distribution of costs for primary healthcare compared with specialist care, hospital care and drugs. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING: The County of   sterg  tland, Sweden. @entity1 : Data on diagnoses and healthcare costs for all 266   354 individuals between 20 and 75 years of age, who were residents of the County of   sterg  tland, Sweden, in the year 2006, were extracted from the local healthcare register and the national register of drug prescriptions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of comorbidity on healthcare costs were estimated as interactions in regression models that also included age, sex, number of other health conditions and education. RESULTS: The largest diagnosed group was @entity615 (11   178 @entity1 ) followed by @entity308 (7412 @entity1 ) and @entity571 (5174 @entity1 ). The largest comorbidity subgroup was the combination of @entity615 and @entity308 (772 @entity1 ), followed by the combination of @entity615 and @entity571 (527 @entity1 ) and the combination of @entity308 and @entity571 (206 @entity1 ). For @entity1 having both a @entity308 diagnosis and a @entity615 diagnosis, there was a significant negative interaction effect on total healthcare costs. The average healthcare costs among @entity1 with @entity615 was SEK 11   806 lower for a @entity1 with both diagnoses. In this comorbidity group, there were tendencies of a positive interaction for general practitioner visits and negative interactions for all other visits and hospital days. Small or no interactions at all were seen between @entity308 diagnoses and @entity571 diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: A small increase in primary healthcare visits in comorbid @entity615 and @entity308 @entity1 was accompanied with a substantial reduction in total healthcare costs and in hospital costs. Our results can be of value in analysing the cost effects of comorbidity and how the coordination of primary and secondary care may have an impact on healthcare costs.

title: How does comorbidity influence healthcare costs? A population-based cross-sectional study of @entity308 , @entity615 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'depression and back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for the reduction of weight in @entity28 @entity1 (BMI   >=    40   kg/m(2) or 30   kg/m(2) with >= 1 comorbidities), who are refractory to behavioral and medical therapies. This study examined the effect of the adjustable gastric band (AGB) system on changes in @entity354 ( @entity354 ) and @entity1 -reported outcomes, including measures of quality of life. METHODS: Two-year interim analysis of @entity1 (N   =   171) in the 5 year, prospective APEX study who reported @entity354 prior to the AGB procedure. An unrecorded number of @entity357 were conducted during the APEX study. RESULTS: At baseline, 171 of 395 @entity1 (43%) reported @entity354 requiring daily medical therapy. After 2 years, 122 @entity1 had sufficient data to assess outcome (71%). Complete resolution of @entity354 was reported in 98 @entity1 (80%), improvement in 13 (11%), no change in 9 (7%), and worsening in 2 (2%). Overall, 91% of @entity354 @entity1 experienced resolution and/or improvement of @entity354 . Baseline BMI was not significantly different among the @entity354 response categories (resolved, improved, and stable/worse), p   =   0.4581. Mean /\BMI and percentage excess @entity353 (%EWL) were: -8.8   kg/m(2)/-0.9%, -11.4   kg/m(2)/-53.9%, -6.4   kg/m(2)/-36.1%, and -7.1   kg/m(2)/-31.2%, respectively. There were no significant differences in reductions in BMI or %EWL between responder groups (resolved versus stable/worse /\BMI p   =   0.1031, %EWL p   =   0.0667 OR resolved/improved versus stable/worse /\BMI p   =   0.0918, %EWL p   =   0.0552). After 2 years, resolution or improvement occurred in pre-existing comorbidities: type 2 @entity6 (96%), @entity101 (91%), @entity407 (77%), @entity27 (86%), @entity571 (93%), and @entity308 (75%). @entity1 satisfaction with AGB was assessed as: very satisfied/satisfied (87%), very satisfied (50%), dissatisfied (5.0%). Quality of life measured by the Obesity and Weight-Loss Quality of Life Instrument ( @entity354 @entity1 ) significantly improved from baseline. CONCLUSION: @entity28 @entity1 with @entity354 had meaningful improvement in @entity1 -reported outcomes with the AGB system. In addition, other obesity-related comorbidities and measures of quality of life improved.

title: Effect of adjustable gastric banding on changes in @entity354 ( XXXX ) and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia repairs']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['GERD']


abstract: In summary, evidence is beginning to accumulate in support of a major role for @entity669 kinase receptors (and their activating growth factors) and @entity134 hormones and their receptors in normal development and differentiation of the mammary gland. A point of intersection of their mechanisms of action in growth control appears to be the induction of nuclear protooncogenes such as @entity517 . When @entity517 is amplified, as it is in many @entity0 , EGF and FGF receptor @entity669 kinase action becomes transforming, not simply mitogenic. A source of the transforming factors could be either stromal or epithelial. This mechanism could function early in the progression of @entity0 . @entity7171 and EGF receptor overexpression and amplification, when they occur, appear to render @entity5 even more malignant and of especially poor prognosis. These mechanisms could function late in the progression of @entity0 . Transgenic @entity19 studies have begun to echo these themes. They have established that a growth factor ( @entity13898 ) and its receptor (EGF receptor), which appear to be important in normal @entity19 and @entity1 proliferation and gland development, and a protooncogene ( @entity517 ), commonly amplified and overexpressed in @entity1 and @entity19 @entity0 , can each contribute to mammary @entity105 . The mechanisms of the two are likely to be distinct. myc is likely to be acting as a @entity5 initiator in combination with normal proliferative factors, whereas @entity13898 is likely to be acting as a hyperproliferative (promotional) factor in combination with a normal background of mutational events. The role of unmutated but amplified @entity7171 in the transgenic @entity19 is not yet known.

title: @entity669 kinase receptor--nuclear protooncogene interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity224 dismutase (SOD) has demonstrated therapeutic potential for treating a variety of conditions including @entity1161 , @entity26 @entity137 , @entity5721 , and @entity32 , especially @entity625 . However, the native enzyme's short half-life in plasma (6 minutes in @entity19 , 25 minutes in @entity1 ) limits the enzyme's effectiveness in many applications, or requires infusion of large doses. High doses of SOD derived from either natural or rDNA sources may increase the potential for immunologic sensitization. One effective use of native SOD is intra-articular administration for treatment of @entity625 , where injection of SOD into joints retards elimination (15 hour terminal half-life), allowing the effective use of lower doses. To overcome the limitations resulting from rapid clearance, various researchers have increased the persistence of SOD by cross-linking SOD or by attaching polymeric substances, including dextrans, albumin, Ficoll, @entity4832 or @entity968 ( @entity970 ). @entity970 is relatively safe; however, the amount of modification by @entity970 , is the MW range 1,900-5,000 daltons, which is necessary to optimally increase serum persistence and reduce immunogenicity, results in the loss of much of the enzymatic activity. In this report we describe the preparation of SOD adducts containing 1 to 4 strands of high MW @entity970 (41,000-72,000 daltons). The MW range of these adducts, measured by steric exclusion HPLC based on protein standards, is 200,000 to over 1,000,000 daltons. The number of @entity970 strands attached per SOD dimer (32,000 daltons) was measured by HPLC. Because of the low degree of protein modification required to produce very high MW products, these @entity970 -SODs retain 90%-100% of the SOD activity of the native enzyme. Additionally, these very large adducts demonstrate longer persistence and lower immunogenicity and antigenicity compared to the more highly modified @entity970 -SODs containing low MW @entity970 (i.e., 7-16 strands of 5,000 dalton @entity16289 - @entity970 ).

title: Preparation of long-acting @entity224 dismutase using high molecular weight XXXX (41,000-72,000 daltons).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: @entity620 ( @entity9050 ) has important antioxidant functions that can help protect against oxidative stress in the brain and damage associated with @entity179 such as @entity195 . When administered parenterally @entity9050 can bypass saturable uptake mechanisms in the gut and thus higher tissue concentrations can be achieved than by oral administration. In the present study we show that @entity9050 (125 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1-h before testing, partially attenuated @entity5591 -induced (1 mg/kg i.p.) @entity73 in Morris water maze performance in young @entity19 . Cumulative search error, but not escape latency nor path length, was significantly improved during acquisition in @entity9050 plus @entity5591 -treated @entity19 although performance did not equal that of control @entity19 . During the probe trial, @entity5591 led to @entity101 and chance level of time spent in the platform quadrant, whereas @entity19 pre-treated with @entity9050 prior to @entity5591 did not differ from control @entity19 on these measures. @entity9050 had no effect on unimpaired, control @entity19 and neither did it reduce the peripheral, activity-increasing effects of @entity5591 . @entity9050 alone increased @entity4360 activity in the medial forebrain area but had no effect in cortex or striatum. This change, and its action against the amnestic effects of the muscarinic antagonist @entity5591 , suggest that @entity9050 may be acting in part via altered cholinergic signaling. However, further investigation is necessary to isolate the cognition-enhancing effects of @entity9050 .

title: @entity620 attenuates XXXX -induced spatial learning deficits in the water maze.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased search error']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity4360 :: ('11423(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity5591 :: (MESH:D012601,Chemical) :: ['scopolamine']


abstract: @entity1167 is a model of @entity63 /reperfusion injury and results in the death of irreplaceable cardiac myocytes by a programmed cell death or apoptosis. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways play an important role in the modulation of apoptosis after @entity63 and reperfusion. @entity11154 antagonist added to cardioplegia could represent an additional modality for enhancing myocardial protection during @entity1167 . To test that hypothesis, we studied the effect of @entity1809 receptor antagonism and cardioplegia temperature perfusion on STATs modulation during @entity1167 in neonatal @entity35 hearts. Isolated, nonworking hearts (n   =   4 per group) from neonatal @entity35 were perfused aerobically in the Langendorff mode according to the following scheme: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium solution (Group 1); cold (4  C) modified St. Thomas' Hospital no. 2 (MSTH2) cardioplegic solution (Group 2); cold (4  C) MSTH2 cardioplegic solution plus @entity1809 antagonist ( @entity917 ) (Group 3); and warm (34  C) MSTH2 cardioplegic solution (Group 4). Thus, myocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion, and @entity30235 , @entity27575 , @entity12001 , and @entity27576 were investigated in Western blot studies. Times to arrest after cardioplegia were 6-10   s for all groups with the exception of Group 1 (spontaneous arrest after 12-16   s). Total cardioplegia delivery volume was about 300   mL in 15   min. Perfusion with cold MSTH2 supplemented with @entity1809 receptor antagonist (Group 3) induced a significant reduction in @entity30235 , @entity27575 , and @entity27576 @entity669 phosphorylation versus other groups (P   <   0.05). The decreased activation of @entity30235 , @entity27575 , and @entity27576 observed in Group 3 was accompanied by reduction of @entity3426 (P   <   0.05). On the other hand, @entity12001 activation was significantly reduced in Groups 1 and 4 (P   <   0.05). Only perfusion with @entity1809 receptor antagonist supplemented with cold MSTH2 significantly decreases the inflammatory response of the neonatal @entity35 cardiomyocytes without affecting antiapoptotic influence provided by activation of @entity12001 . Therefore, @entity1809 receptor antagonist could play a pivotal role in cytoprotective effect and cardiac recovery in neonates and @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity11154 antagonist and temperature on prolonged @entity1167 in neonatal XXXX myocytes.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioplegic arrest', 'cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1573 type II collagen (CCII) is a protein extracted from the cartilage of @entity1573 breast and exhibits intriguing possibilities for the treatment of @entity792 by inducing oral tolerance. A 24-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CCII in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Five hundred three @entity309 @entity1 were included in the study. @entity1 received either 0.1 mg daily of CCII (n = 326) or 10 mg once a week of @entity1500 (n = 177) for 24 weeks. Each @entity1 was evaluated for @entity158 , tender joint count, swollen joint count, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ), assessments by investigator and @entity1 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) by using the standard tools at baseline (week 0) and at weeks 12 and 24. Additionally, rheumatoid factor (RF) was evaluated at weeks 0 and 24. Measurement of a battery of biochemical parameters in serum, hematological parameters, and urine analysis was performed to evaluate the safety of CCII. RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-four @entity1 (94.43%) completed the 24-week follow-up. In both groups, there were decreases in @entity158 , tender joint count, swollen joint count, HAQ, and assessments by investigator and @entity1 , and all differences were statistically significant. In the @entity1500 group, ESR and @entity1851 decreased. RF did not change in either group. At 24 weeks, 41.55% of @entity1 in the CCII group and 57.86% in the @entity1500 group met the American College of Rheumatology 20% improvement criteria (ACR-20) and 16.89% and 30.82%, respectively, met the ACR 50% improvement criteria (ACR-50). Both response rates for ACR-20 and ACR-50 in the CCII group were lower than those of the @entity1500 group, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The DAS28 (disease activity score using 28 joint counts) values of the two treatment groups were calculated, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal complaints were common in both groups, but there were fewer and milder side effects in the CCII group than in the @entity1500 group. The incidence of adverse events between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CCII is effective in the treatment of @entity309 and is safe for @entity1 consumption. CCII exerts its beneficial effects by controlling inflammatory responses through inducing oral tolerance in @entity309 @entity1 . TRIALS REGISTRATION:                 <AbstractText Label="CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">ChiCTR-TRC-00000093.

title: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled phase III clinical trial of XXXX type II collagen in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chicken', 'Chicken']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Orthotopic implantation of @entity1 @entity694 cells is useful for studying the behavior of metastatic subpopulations. We observed that the parental line and variants of @entity1 @entity694 KM12 cells were all tumorigenic following implantation into the subcutis or cecal wall of BALB/c @entity19 . Their ability to metastasize to distant organ sites varied, however, with the site of growth. @entity5 did not produce visceral metastases, whereas @entity5 metastasized to the regional mesenteric lymph nodes and to the liver. To examine the influence of organ environment on the extracellular matrix-degrading activity of the @entity5 , we inoculated @entity1 @entity694 cells into the subcutis or cecal wall and after 7 weeks isolated and cultured the @entity5 in serum-free medium. The conditioned media of @entity5 contained very low levels of @entity10464 (heparan sulfate-specific endo- @entity12398 ), whereas the media of the cecal wall @entity5 contained high levels of both. Zymograms of the media revealed that the intracecal @entity1 @entity694 secreted more than three times the amount of latent and active forms of 92-kd type IV collagenase than did the @entity5 . Moreover, only the conditioned media of intracecal @entity5 contained latent and active forms of 64-kd type IV collagenase. Histochemical analysis using rabbit antiserum raised against the synthetic peptides of 72-kd procollagenase type IV showed type IV collagenase in the intracecal @entity5 ; @entity1 @entity694 growing SC, however, were not stained significantly. These results suggest that factors in the organ environment may affect production and secretion of @entity5 extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and these factors may modify the metastatic behavior of @entity1 @entity694 cells in @entity19 .

title: Influence of organ environment on extracellular matrix degradative activity and metastasis of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity12398 :: ('2990', 'Gene') :: ['beta-D-glucuronidase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SC tumors', 'Subcutaneous (SC) tumors', 'cecal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10464 :: ('10855', 'Gene') :: ['type IV collagenase (gelatinase) and heparanase']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinoma']


abstract: In a previous analysis from the Alameda County Study, it was observed that although @entity1 had higher @entity299 mortality rates than @entity1 , there was no male excess in the prevalence of self-reported @entity299 morbidity at baseline or in new reports of morbidity 9 years past baseline. This apparent contradiction might occur because @entity1 report less severe @entity299 than @entity1 . In the present study, this hypothesis was evaluated by examining whether self-reported heart trouble was more strongly associated with subsequent @entity299 mortality for @entity1 than for @entity1 in a representative sample of the population of Alameda County, California, selected in 1965 and followed for mortality for 19 years (n = 3,742). In a time-dependent Cox model, self-reported heart trouble was a stronger predictor of @entity299 mortality for @entity1 , but only during the early years of follow-up (p = 0.00). This effect was due to a shorter time to death for @entity1 who reported heart trouble. The relative hazard for @entity1 reporting heart trouble was 6.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.7-11.6) at baseline, declining to 3.2 (95% CI 2.2-4.5) by 5 years past baseline and 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.5) by 10 years past baseline. Self-reported heart trouble was a consistent predictor of subsequent @entity299 mortality for @entity1 over the 19-year follow-up period (relative hazard = 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-2.8). Sex differences in the prognosis of self-reported heart trouble were masked in non-time-dependent analyses. These results illustrate that consideration of time @entity734 may be required for meaningful analysis of long-term cohort studies. Possible explanations of the shorter time to death for @entity1 who reported heart trouble are discussed.

title: Sex differences in time from self-reported heart trouble to @entity299 death in the Alameda County Study. Significance of time XXXX of risk variable effects.

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Myosin isozymes have been known to become altered during the development and regression of @entity1283 , but the mechanism by which the shifting takes place is not known. The present paper describes the effects of antihypertensive drugs, with a known mechanism of action, upon myocardial mass, blood pressure and myosin isoforms in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: SHR were treated with antihypertensive drugs and their blood pressure, myocardial mass and myosin isoforms determined. RESULTS: A shift of myosin isoform from the V3 to the V1 type and normalization of @entity1283 were seen in @entity35 treated with @entity3371 but not in those treated with diuretics. @entity1338 and @entity2997 increased the V3 form in association with moderate control of blood pressure and no change in myocardial mass. Treatment with a beta-blocker regressed @entity1184 , controlled @entity101 but increased the V3 form. Treatment with minoxidil normalized blood pressure, increased cardiac mass and increased the V3 type. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with different antihypertensive drugs does not cause similar types of shifts in myosin isoform and has divergent effects upon blood pressure and heart weight. Furthermore, there is no correlation between myocardial mass, blood pressure and myosin isozyme shifts. We conclude that factors other than blood pressure, myocardial mass and @entity2661 modulate the shifting of myosin isoforms. Since @entity3371 had a greater remedial effect upon myosin isoforms in our study than the more commonly used agents, we recommend that the current criteria for selection of antihypertensive drugs and the relation between those drugs and cardiac function be re-evaluated.

title: Effect of antihypertensive therapy upon myosin isozyme distribution in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The equipment for taking body weights (scales) are more frequently used in Cameroon health centres than measuring boards for heights. Even when the later exist there are some difficulties inherent in their qualities; thus the height measurement is not always available or accurate. Our objective for this study was to construct statistical models for predicting @entity5653 from weight-for-age. METHODS: 3742 @entity1 aged 0 to 59 months were enrolled in a cross-sectional household survey (2004 Cameroon Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS)) covering the entire Cameroon national territory. RESULTS: There were highly significant association between underweight and @entity5653 . For all discriminant statistical methods used, the test error rates (using an independent testing sample) were less than 5%; the Area Under Curve (AUC) using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was 0.86. CONCLUSION: The study showed that weight-for-age can be used for accurately classifying a @entity1 whose @entity5653 status is unknown. The result is useful in Cameroon as too often the height measurements may not be feasible, thus the need for estimating wasted @entity1 . This study provides baseline information that will help to design a preliminary pivotal study on an immediate nutrition intervention for acute undernutrition. Its complications that could lead to morbidity and mortality can be greatly reduced or set up a management control strategy that will go a long way in reducing the cost of health care in Cameroon.

title: Using weight-for-age for predicting wasted XXXX in Cameroon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and its associated @entity2412 in rural @entity24673 , India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A community-based study was carried out in a rural setting in @entity24673 , India. About 1,266 @entity1 were selected by systematic random sampling. The @entity1 were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire and were subjected to anthropometric, clinical evaluation and biochemical investigations. American @entity6 Association criteria were used to determine the prevalence of @entity6 and standard operational definitions were used to define the @entity2412 . Data was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0 while chi-square and chi-square for trend were the tests used. RESULTS: Among the total 1,266 study @entity1 about 130 (10.3%) were @entity6 . The prevalence of the associated @entity2412 were as follows viz. @entity16 (60%), CHD (32.3%) and @entity231 (20%), @entity989 (15.4%), @entity1095 (11.5%) and @entity64 ( @entity64 ) (6.9%). A significant rising trend in the prevalence of all @entity2412 was observed with advancing duration of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity6 and its associated complications was higher among the @entity6 individuals in the rural setting of @entity24673 , India. All the associated @entity2412 observed need to be addressed with appropriate prevention and control strategies.

title: Prevalence of @entity2412 in rural XXXX , India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'CVAs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic complications']

answer: @entity24673 :: (91107,Gene) :: ['goa']


abstract: Forty @entity1 with indirect @entity18489 were prospectively analysed. Ultimate outcome on conservative management were correlated to their visual evoked potential (VEP) finding and the need for optic nerve decompression was questioned. An associated indirect @entity18489 was observed in 2% of all @entity542 . @entity174 was recorded in 2 @entity1 and optic canal @entity174 was recorded in one @entity1 . CT scanning for optic canal and for the orbit revealed abnormality in none of these @entity1 . All the @entity1 were managed conservatively and received intravenous @entity619 for 48 hours followed by oral @entity617 therapy. @entity1781 was not undertaken. VEPs were present in 18 @entity1 of whom 4 had normal VEPs. Twenty @entity1 had visual improvement. Amongst the @entity1 with positive VEPs 89% had visual improvement. It is concluded that VEP study may help in avoiding unnecessary decompression of the optic nerve.

title: Does XXXX require decompression?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Ethmoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Optic nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity18489 :: (MESH:D020221,Disease) :: ['optic nerve injury']


abstract: @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ) results in increased renal resistance as well as in exaggerated prostaglandin (PG) release from the obstructed hydronephrotic kidney (HNK). We have reported previously that platelet-activating factor (PAF) dose-dependently stimulates the release of PGs from both the HNK and unobstructed contralateral kidney (CLK), with CLK release being 10% that of the HNK. In the present report, we studied the interaction of PAF with its receptor by examining the effects of PAF-receptor antagonists on the release of PGs from the isolated perfused @entity95 HNK and CLK stimulated by PAF; angiotensin II (AII), and @entity1812 (BK) were also used as agonists. In the HNK, @entity21479 (3 microM) inhibited PAF-stimulated @entity1421 and @entity7489 (TxB2) release by 28.2 and 62.5% respectively. @entity6848 (20 microM) and @entity5756 (5 microM) also preferentially diminished PAF-stimulated TxB2 release. In addition, all three drugs significantly diminished BK- and AII-stimulated TxB2 release, while @entity6848 was the only antagonist to affect peptide-stimulated @entity1421 release. While effective against agonist-stimulated PG synthesis, these drugs had no direct effect on @entity1426 metabolism to PGs. Furthermore, in the CLK, @entity6848 had no effect on BK- or AII-stimulated @entity1421 release, whereas it totally inhibited PAF-stimulated release of @entity1421 . These results show that PAF-receptor antagonists in the HNK preferentially inhibit TxB2 release whether stimulated by PAF, AII or BK; in the CLK only PAF-stimulated PG release is affected. This biochemical difference may be of physiological significance and explain some of the functional differences between the HNK and CLK. Therefore, PAF may be an important mediator of some of the biochemical and functional changes associated with @entity1695 .

title: Differential effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor antagonists on peptide and PAF-stimulated prostaglandin release in unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Unilateral ureteral obstruction', 'UUO']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity21479 :: ('MESH:C044540', 'Chemical') :: ['kadsurenone']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Geriatric @entity1 with acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) can frequently present atypical symptoms and non-diagnostic electrocardiogram. The detection of modest @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) elevation is challenging for physicians needing to routinely triage these @entity1 . Unfortunately, non-coronary diseases, such as @entity712 (CHF), may cause @entity10020 elevation. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) have emerged as biomarkers of MI. However, their diagnostic potential needs to be determined in elderly @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: 92 @entity583 @entity1 (82.6    6.9 years old; complicated by CHF in 74% of cases) and 81 @entity1 with acute CHF without AMI (81.3    6.8 years old) were enrolled at presentation. A third group comprised 99 age-matched healthy control subjects (CTR). Plasma levels of @entity9630 , -21, -133a, -208a, -423-5p and -499-5p were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity31281 showed a 3- to 10-fold increase and miR-499-5p exhibited >80-fold increase in acute @entity583 @entity1 vs. CTR. MiR-499-5p and -21 showed a significantly increased expression in @entity583 vs. CHF. Interestingly, mir-499-5p was comparable to @entity10020 in discriminating @entity583 vs. CTR and CHF @entity1 . Its diagnostic accuracy was higher than conventional and hs- @entity10020 in differentiating @entity583 (n=31) vs. acute CHF (n=32) @entity1 with modest @entity10020 elevation at presentation (miR-499-5p AUC=0.86 vs. @entity10020 AUC=0.68 and vs. hs- @entity10020 AUC=0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Circulating miR-499-5p is a sensitive biomarker of acute @entity583 in the elderly, exhibiting a diagnostic accuracy superior to that of @entity10020 in @entity1 with modest elevation at presentation.

title: Diagnostic potential of circulating miR-499-5p in elderly @entity1 with acute non ST-elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['NSTEMI', 'non-ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ) is a @entity1489 that appears to be associated with a large number of other @entity5 . We collected all reported cases in Israel and estimated its association with other @entity5 , including haematological @entity5 . The population based Israel @entity5 Registry identified 335 @entity1 with @entity3852 diagnosed between1989 and 2010. Ninety-seven percent were in the Jewish population; median age at diagnosis for Jewish @entity1 was 73  4 and 55  6  years for the Arab population. Other associated @entity5 were encountered in 92 @entity1 (27  4%) with @entity3852 (90 Jews, two Arabs). Of the Jewish cases, 66 presented with an associated malignancy before, and 24 after, the diagnosis of @entity3852 . @entity5 were not significantly increased among @entity1 with @entity3852 . Thirty-one of these associated @entity5 (34  4%) were haemato-oncological @entity5 , 24 were detected before and seven after the diagnosis of @entity3852 . The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for @entity5 was 3  67 for males and 3  62 for females, and the most frequent @entity5 recorded were @entity6444 (45%) and @entity706 (29%). Although @entity3852 is rare, clinicians should be aware of the possible association with B-cell @entity1071 when evaluating @entity1 with @entity1489 .

title: Increased incidence of @entity6444 in @entity1 with XXXX - a population based study of 335 cases with @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumours', 'haematological malignancy', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'haemato-oncological neoplasias', 'Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine skin tumours', 'rare aggressive skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: Background. There has been lack of reviews of evidence on efficacy, methodology, and/or safety of acupuncture in @entity72 . This paper examines the emerging evidence of the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of @entity2438 @entity1 . Method. A literature review was completed via Medline and three @entity1058 . A total of 31 studies were evaluated for acupuncture methodology, study design, treatment effects, and tolerability. Results. The acupoints used, the duration of needling, the frequency of treatment, the choice of stimulation, and the course of the treatment were highly variable amongst the studies. Behavioral and/or developmental improvements were reported in all acupuncture treatment studies. All studies reported general tolerability. Weakness of experimental designs was discussed. Conclusions. Vigorously controlled double-blinded clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in @entity1 with @entity72 .

title: Acupuncture for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['Chinese search engines']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3762 ( @entity3762 ) in Australian Shepherds (ASs) occurs worldwide but there is a lack of description of the @entity302 in this breed. The @entity29320 -1/\ mutation is more prevalent in ASs than in many other @entity235 breeds. HYPOTHESIS: Australian Shepherds suffer from a poorly controlled @entity3762 syndrome with prevailing severe courses. @entity410 control and @entity29320 -1/\ mutation might be related in this breed. ANIMALS: Fifty ASs diagnosed with @entity3762 and 50 unaffected ASs. METHODS: Predominant study design is a longitudinal cohort study. Pedigrees, medical records, @entity410 , and treatment data of ASs with @entity3762 were analyzed descriptively. Sex, color, and the @entity29320 -1/\ genotype were compared between case and control groups and ASs with poorly or well-controlled @entity410 . Differences in survival times were assessed by logrank tests and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity3762 in ASs is dominated by moderate and severe clinical courses with the occurrence of @entity410 and @entity159 and a high @entity410 frequency. Poor @entity410 control and a high initial @entity410 frequency (>= 10 @entity410 days/first 6 months) are associated with shorter survival times (P < .05). Poor @entity410 control, unrelated to the @entity29320 ( @entity29320 ) genotype, is evident in 56% of @entity302 ASs. Pedigree analysis suggests a genetic basis. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Frequent severe clinical courses, poor @entity410 control unrelated to the @entity29320 ( @entity29320 ) genotype, and a young age at death compromise animal welfare and warrant further genetic studies to unravel the underlaying molecular mechanisms of @entity3762 and @entity410 control in the breed.

title: Disease progression and treatment response of XXXX in Australian Shepherd @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure', 'cluster seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy syndrome', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'Idiopathic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity3762 :: (MESH:C562694,Disease) :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several recent randomized trials comparing @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) and @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) reported similar outcomes. However, only 1 trial was powered for a clinical end point, and no trial was powered for evaluating @entity75 revascularization. METHODS AND RESULTS: Randomized Evaluation of @entity3446 -eluting versus @entity2239 -eluting stent Trial is a prospective multicenter randomized open-label trial comparing EES with SES in Japan. The trial was powered for evaluating noninferiority of EES relative to SES in terms of @entity75 revascularization. From February and July 2010, 3197 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either EES (1597 @entity1 ) or SES (1600 @entity1 ). At 1 year, the primary efficacy end point of @entity75 revascularization occurred in 65 @entity1 (4.3%) in the EES group and in 76 @entity1 (5.0%) in the SES group, demonstrating noninferiority of EES to SES (P(noninferiority)<0.0001, and P(superiority)=0.34). Cumulative incidence of definite stent @entity715 was low and similar between the 2 groups (0.32% versus 0.38%, P=0.77). An angiographic substudy enrolling 571 @entity1 (EES, 285 @entity1 and SES, 286 @entity1 ) demonstrated noninferiority of EES relative to SES regarding the primary angiographic end point of in-segment late loss (0.06  0.37 mm versus 0.02  0.46 mm, P(noninferiority)<0.0001, and P(superiority)=0.24) at 278  63 days after index stent implantation. CONCLUSIONS: One-year clinical and angiographic outcome after EES implantation was noninferior to and not different from that after SES implantation in a stable @entity453 population with relatively less complex coronary anatomy. One-year clinical outcome after both EES and SES use was excellent with a low rate of @entity75 revascularization and a very low rate of stent @entity715 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01035450.

title: Comparison of XXXX -eluting and @entity3446 -eluting coronary stents: 1-year outcomes from the Randomized Evaluation of @entity3446 -eluting Versus @entity2239 -eluting stent Trial (RESET).

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target-lesion']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: Following the World Trade Center (WTC) collapse on September 11, 2001, more than 40,000 @entity1 were exposed to a complex mixture of inhalable nanoparticles and toxic chemicals. While many developed chronic @entity1576 , to what degree olfaction was compromised is unclear. A previous WTC Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program study found that olfactory and nasal trigeminal thresholds were altered by the toxic exposure, but not scores on a 20-odor smell identification test. OBJECTIVES: To employ a well-validated 40-item smell identification test to definitively establish whether the ability to identify odors is compromised in a cohort of WTC-exposed individuals and, if so, whether the degree of compromise is associated with self-reported severity of @entity1109 . METHODS: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was administered to 99 WTC-exposed @entity1 and 99 matched normal controls. The Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-20) was administered to the 99 WTC-exposed @entity1 and compared to the UPSIT scores. RESULTS: The mean (SD) UPSIT scores were lower in the WTC-exposed group than in age-, sex-, and smoking history-matched controls [respective scores: 30.05 (5.08) vs 35.94 (3.76); p  =  0.003], an effect present in a subgroup of 19 subjects additionally matched on occupation (p  <  0.001). Fifteen percent of the exposed subjects had severe microsmia, but only 3% anosmia. SNOT-20 scores were unrelated to UPSIT scores (r  =  0.20; p  =  0.11). CONCLUSION: Exposure to WTC air pollution was associated with a decrement in the ability to identify odors, implying that such exposure had a greater influence on smell function than previously realized.

title: Odor identification ability and self-reported upper XXXX in workers at the post-9/11 World Trade Center site.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory symptoms']