abstract: @entity2332 and @entity520 are secondary causes of @entity1003 . Here we report the case of a 72-year-old @entity1 with severe @entity130 who suffered near-severe @entity2332 despite the initiation of standard warming measures and was successfully managed with active intravascular rewarming. The @entity1 was involved in a road traffic accident and was transported to a hospital. He was diagnosed with massive right-sided hemothorax, blunt @entity130 , @entity174 and ninth thoracic vertebrae, and open @entity174 of the right tibia. He was referred to our hospital, where emergency surgery was performed to control @entity548 from the right hemothorax. During surgery, the @entity1 demonstrated progressive @entity393 despite standard rewarming measures, and his temperature decreased to 32.4  C. Severe @entity520 was also observed. A Cool Line   catheter was inserted into the right femoral vein and lodged in the inferior vena cava, and an intravascular balloon catheter system was utilized for aggressive rewarming. The automated target core temperature was set at 37  C, and the maximum flow rate was used. His core temperature reached 36.0  C after 125 min of intravascular rewarming. The severe @entity520 was also resolved. The main active @entity548 site was not identified, and coagulation hemostasis as well as rewarming enabled us to control @entity548 from the vertebral bodies, @entity358 , and pleura. The total volume of @entity954 was 5,150 mL, and 20 units of red cell concentrate and 16 units of fresh frozen plasma were transfused. After surgery, he was transferred to the intensive care unit under endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. His hemodynamic condition stabilized after surgery. The rewarming catheter was removed on day 2 of admission, and no @entity548 , @entity281 , or @entity715 associated with catheter placement was observed. Extubation was performed on day 40, and his subsequent clinical course was uneventful. He recovered well following rehabilitation and was discharged on day 46. These findings suggest that active intravascular rewarming should be considered as an aggressive, additional rewarming technique in @entity1 with near-severe @entity2332 associated with @entity130 .

title: Clinical experience with an active intravascular rewarming technique for near-severe @entity2332 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['burst fractures of the eighth', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['trauma-related coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['heat loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'aortic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic injury']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate blood pressure, renal haemodynamics, hormone secretion and the responses to @entity2178 infusion during @entity22666 ( @entity1564 ), @entity9886 ( @entity9886 ) and @entity917 treatment in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . In this double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 24 @entity1 (mean blood pressure of 163/97 mmHg), received @entity1564 16 mg, @entity9886 50 mg and @entity917 80 mg once daily (o.d.) for 4 weeks after a placebo run-in period. At the end of each period, @entity2178 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ng/min/kg) was infused 24 h after the previous drug administration. Each dose of @entity2178 was infused for 45 min. Before infusion and at the end of each infusion step, blood pressure and renal haemodynamics were assessed and plasma @entity916 activity and plasma concentrations of @entity2178 and @entity1369 were measured. During treatment with @entity1564 , resting mean arterial pressure (mean +/- SEM, 106 +/- 2 mmHg) was significantly decreased compared with treatment with @entity9886 (110 +/- 2 mmHg) and @entity917 (109 +/- 2 mmHg). @entity1564 inhibited the @entity2178 induced increase in filtration fraction (0.8 +/- 0.4%) significantly more than @entity9886 (1.5 +/- 0.4%) and @entity917 (1.6 +/- 0.4%) and reduced the increase in @entity1369 secretion (17 +/- 5 pg/ml/) significantly more than @entity9886 (74 +/- 17 pg/ml/) and @entity917 (82 +/- 19 pg/ml/). In conclusion, @entity1564 16 mg o.d. reduced resting blood pressure significantly more than @entity9886 50 mg o.d. and @entity917 80 mg o.d. @entity1564 almost completely inhibited the exogenous @entity2178 induced renal vasoconstriction, effectively inhibited the increase in filtration fraction and significantly blunted @entity1369 secretion compared with @entity9886 and @entity917 , indicating a more effective AT1 receptor blockade with @entity1564 .

title: Influence of AT1 receptor blockade on blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and hormonal responses to intravenous @entity2178 infusion in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'losartan potassium']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['Candesartan', 'candesartan']

entities_list: @entity22666 :: ('MESH:C077793', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan cilexetil']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aim To emphasize the importance of early recognition, diagnostic processing and emergent surgical treatment of spontaneous @entity4282 (SSEH). Methods A 39-year-old female presented with sudden onset of severe @entity158 between the shoulder blades followed by paraparesis and alerted sensibility in the lower extremities. An hour later she developed @entity451 with @entity51 below ThIV level, absence of patellar reflex, @entity1690 . Results Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated acute extensive epidural mass of thoracic spinal segments (ThI-ThIII). The @entity1 underwent emergent decompressive laminectomy ThI-ThIII with epidural @entity1410 evacuation within 24 hours of symptoms onset. After the surgical treatment, because of suspicion on @entity2758 , complete diagnostic evaluation with spinal angiography was done and no form of @entity1462 was found. Idiopathic SSEH was diagnosed. Two months later the @entity1 reached complete neurological improvement. Conclusion The SSEH is a rare condition that should be kept in mind in @entity1 presenting with @entity51 and a @entity615 like it was in our case. For early diagnosis, immediate MRI is essential. Prompt surgical decompression such as laminectomy is an absolute surgical indication widely accepted for @entity1 with progressive @entity51 . The SSEH should be considered as one of the important differential diagnoses in @entity1 who have developed acute @entity602 .

title: Management of acute spontaneous XXXX causing @entity451 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ankle jerk reflex and sphincter dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['spinal epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['spinal arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of back pain']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity4282 :: (MESH:D046748,Disease) :: ['thoracic spinal epidural hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several antifungal agents are indicated for @entity6313 , a @entity364 and fingernails. These agents differ in their dosing regimen, efficacy, adverse events profile, potential for drug interaction, and cost. We conducted a pharmacoeconomic analysis of oral and topical therapies for @entity6313 from the perspective of a hypothetical managed care payer to determine the most cost-effective agent. DESIGN: A decision analytic model was developed to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic profiles of @entity2059 -continuous (Sporanox, Janssen Pharmaceutica), @entity2059 -pulse (Sporanox, Janssen Pharmaceutica), @entity8974 ( @entity8974 , Novartis Pharmaceuticals), and @entity29444 (Penlac, Dermik Laboratories) in the treatment of fingernail and toenail @entity6313 . METHODOLOGY: We conducted a meta-analysis of the available literature to populate the decision analytic model with clinical point estimates for success, failure, and relapse. A panel of expert dermatologists defined resources consumed during the @entity6313 treatment process. These resources were then assigned values, using publicly available data sources, to reflect the U.S. managed care perspective. These clinical and economic data elements were integrated in the decision analytic model to arrive at the expected cost of treatment for each drug. Additionally, incremental cost-effectiveness was calculated for treatment success and disease-free days achieved by each therapy. Finally, a policy-level analysis of the budgetary impact of using the therapies for @entity6313 in a managed care setting was conducted. RESULTS: The meta-analysis demonstrated @entity8974 to be the therapeutic alternative with the highest success rate for both fingernails (96.55 percent) and toenails (81.15 percent). @entity8974 also had the lowest relapse rate (6.42 percent) and the highest number of disease-free days for both fingernails and toenails. Subsequently, in terms of cost-effectiveness, @entity8974 dominated all other comparators for fingernails and toenails. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the @entity1 -level analysis, we concluded that @entity8974 is the most cost-effective therapy in the treatment of @entity6313 from a managed care perspective. Furthermore, at the policy level, increased utilization of @entity8974 among @entity6313 @entity1 is likely to reduce the managed care organizations' per member per month cost.

title: Economic analysis of oral and topical therapies for XXXX of the toenails and fingernails.

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'Lamisil', 'terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity29444 :: ('MESH:C011585', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclopirox']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection of the toenails']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity6313 :: (MESH:D014009,Disease) :: ['onychomycosis']


abstract: In addition to @entity548 , which is one of the most well-known factors, there are many other causative factors for serious @entity551 after @entity99 . In this report, we present @entity1 with persistent @entity308 after perihepatic packing due to high grade @entity99 and report on treatment modalities, including the early second-look procedure. Three @entity1 with isolated @entity99 were included. Two of the @entity1 who underwent perihepatic packing were transferred from outside hospitals, and one @entity1 required repacking due to severe @entity548 . All @entity1 had grade IV @entity130 due to blunt (n=2) or penetrating injury (n=1). In the intensive care unit, central venous pressure (8, 12, 13 mmHg) and hematocrit (26, 27, 29%) were in the normal range, but blood pressure (40/60, 50/70, 45/75mmHg) was abnormal despite the use of inotropic support. The three @entity1 underwent an unpacking procedure 8, 10, and 14 hours later, respectively. Inotropic support was not required after postoperative hours 3, 5, and 6, respectively. The management of post reperfusion syndrome due to @entity99 can be achieved, but close collaboration between the surgeon and anesthesiologist is absolutely necessary. In the case of resistance @entity308 in @entity1 with packing, second-look procedures should be performed as early as possible.

title: Management of resistant XXXX after @entity99 controlled with a packing procedure.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac depression']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic trauma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['cardiac depression']


abstract: This study compared the efficacy of inhaled @entity10453 (SM) 50 micrograms twice a day with SM 100 micrograms once a day (at night) and placebo in @entity1 with poorly controlled nocturnal @entity565 despite treatment with @entity288 , oral long-acting bronchodilators, or both. This was a two-center, double-blind, randomized, crossover study with three treatment periods, each of 3 weeks' duration. The first treatment period was preceded by two 1-week run-in periods, and the last treatment period was followed by a 2-week follow-up period. In the three treatment periods, @entity1 received either SM 50 micrograms twice a day, SM 100 micrograms nightly, or placebo, in randomized order. @entity3045 metered-dose inhaler was given as relief medication. Of the 41 randomized @entity1 , 38 were evaluable for more than one treatment period. Efficacy and safety were determined by daily record card data: morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR), daytime and nighttime @entity565 symptom scores, and rescue @entity3045 use. At clinic visits, FEV1 and FVC were measured, and the physicians' and the @entity1 ' respective assessments of the study mediation were noted. The study showed that the two doses, SM 50 micrograms twice a day and SM 100 micrograms nightly, were equally effective in controlling nocturnal @entity565 symptoms and were significantly better than placebo. SM was well tolerated, and no unexpected problems were revealed. The adverse events reported during this study were related either to the @entity1 's underlying disease or to an intercurrent @entity1729 .

title: @entity10453 in two different doses in the treatment of nocturnal bronchial XXXX poorly controlled by other therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol', 'salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Gap junctions are intercellular channels composed of connexin subunits that mediate cell-cell communication. The functions of gap junctions are believed to be associated with cell proliferation and differentiation and to be important in maintaining tissue homeostasis. We therefore investigated the expression of connexins (Cx)26 and 43, the two major connexins in @entity1 epidermis, and examined the formation of gap junctions during @entity1 fetal epidermal development. By immunofluorescence, @entity3492 expression was observed between 49 and 96 days' estimated gestational age (EGA) but was not present from 108 days' EGA onwards. Conversely, @entity495 expression was observed from 88 days' EGA onwards. Using electron microscopy, the typical structure of gap junctions was observed from 120 days' EGA. The number of gap junctions increased over time and they were more common in the upper layers, within the periderm and intermediate keratinocyte layers rather than the basal layer. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed @entity495 labeling on the gap junction structures after 105 days' EGA. Formation of gap junctions increased as skin developed, suggesting that gap junctions may play an important role in fetal skin development. Furthermore, the changing patterns of connexin expression suggest that @entity3492 is important for early fetal epidermal development.

title: Changes in gap junction distribution and connexin expression pattern during XXXX fetal skin development.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity447 is a rare, @entity74 treated with intravenous administration of @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ) to prevent @entity548 ; however, approaches vary across and within countries. Value-of-information (VOI) methods identify situations in which the cost-benefit evidence is sufficient to adopt one treatment strategy over another; when the evidence is insufficient, VOI methods provide the optimal sample size for additional research. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to use VOI methods in a cost-benefit decision context to evaluate the current evidence in support of using (1) alternate day prophylaxis (AP), (2) tailored prophylaxis (TP) or (3) @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with @entity2801 to prevent @entity2720 in @entity1 with severe @entity447 . METHODS: To apply VOI methods, several parameters such as incidence, time horizon for the decision, costs, and threshold values to avoid MRI-detected @entity16 or @entity2720 were defined. Two baseline threshold values of willingness to pay for avoiding @entity2720 -- 200,000 and  400,000--were selected for comparing the treatment strategies. RESULTS: For threshold values   <    200,000, @entity34 had a higher expected net benefit than either prophylaxis strategy, and the evidence was sufficient for its adoption. For threshold values   >    400,000 prophylaxis strategies had higher expected net benefit; however, a new trial with 38 @entity1 per arm was needed to compare AP and TP, yielding an expected net gain of over  17 million. In sensitivity analyses, the results were robust to assumptions regarding discount rate, trial fixed and variable costs, enrollment fraction, and the time horizon. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity395 , evidence is often scarce and insufficient for decision making. In considering the funding of new research and @entity1 reimbursement in @entity395 , VOI methodology may provide more relevant determinations of the value and costs of additional research, compared to standard frequentist methods.

title: Using value-of-information methods when the disease is rare and the treatment is expensive--the example of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilia A', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sex-linked genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['on-demand treatment', 'OD']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: The @entity2227 / @entity1024 receptor antagonist @entity12781 ( @entity212 ) has been shown to induce both positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 , as well as @entity73 , thus providing a relatively valid model of @entity716 . Isolation rearing from weaning in the @entity35 has been proposed as a non-pharmacological model of @entity716 . The aim of the present study was to explore the validity of a combination of these techniques to model @entity73 associated with @entity161 . The present study evaluates the effects of the novel antipsychotic @entity1280 and the typical antipsychotic @entity1767 in their ability to reverse the @entity73 induced by @entity212 in isolation reared @entity35 and social controls. @entity35 housed in social isolation (n = 25) or in groups of five (n = 25) from weaning were food deprived and trained to respond for food in an operant reversal learning paradigm. @entity212 at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg (intraperitoneally, i.p.) significantly and selectively impaired reversal task performance in both groups of @entity35 . This impairment was not significantly improved following the coadministration of @entity1767 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.). Higher @entity1767 doses (0.1 and 0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) were found to impair task performance, with the social animals being more sensitive than isolation-reared animals. In contrast, @entity1280 (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed the impairment caused by @entity212 . This was significant in social animals, while in isolates there was a non-significant enhancement in performance of the reversal task with @entity1280 compared to @entity212 alone. Thus, @entity212 produced a selective reversal learning deficit in @entity35 , which was ameliorated following treatment with @entity1280 but not @entity1767 . Rearing conditions did not influence performance of the test or the deficit produced by @entity212 .

title: The atypical antipsychotic @entity1280 , but not @entity1767 , improves @entity12781 -induced @entity73 in a reversal learning task in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprasidone']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Infective @entity1036 is a major sight-threatening condition in developing countries like India. An early diagnosis of @entity281 is critical to its treatment. Epidemiological trends, morphological features of corneal ulceration and presence of other risk factors often dictate choice of initial treatment. This work assesses the usefulness of classification of @entity281 by artificial neural network (ANN). METHODS: Forty input variables from each of the sixty-three known @entity1066 provided the basis for training a three layer feed-forward neural network. The trained neural network classified another set of forty-three corneal @entity1066 . RESULTS: Trained artificial neural network could classify correctly all sixty-three @entity1066 in the training set. In the test set, the artificial neural network correctly classified 39 out of 43 @entity1066 . Specificity for bacterial and fungal categories was 76.47% and 100% respectively. Accuracy of classification by neural network was 90.7% and compared significantly better than clinicians' prediction of 62.8% (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ANN has the potential to help clinicians classify corneal @entity1066 more accurately.

title: Neural network approach to classify XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infective keratitis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal ulcers', 'cornea ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['keratitis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infective keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity1 treated with oral anticoagulation (OAC) requiring a cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) surgery is a challenge that requires balancing the risk of @entity548 complications with the risk of @entity1031 events. Recently the approach of performing these procedures while the @entity1 remains with a therapeutic international normalized ratio has gained interest due to several publications showing its relative safety. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of continuous use of OAC compared with heparin bridging in the perioperative setting of CIED surgery using a meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Ovid, and Elsevier databases was performed. Eligible randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were included. The outcomes studied were risk of clinically significant @entity548 and of @entity1031 events. Our analysis was restricted to OAC with @entity2067 antagonists. RESULTS: Of 560 manuscripts initially considered relevant, seven were included in the meta-analysis, totaling 2,191 @entity1 . Data are reported as odds ratios (ORs) with confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Maintenance of OAC was associated with a significantly lower risk of @entity86 compared with heparin bridge (OR = 0.25, 95% CI 0.17-0.36, P < 0.00001). There was no difference noted in the risk of @entity1031 events between the two strategies (OR = 1.86, 95% CI 0.29-12.17, P = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: Uninterrupted use of OAC in the perioperative of CIED surgery was associated with a reduced risk of @entity548 . This strategy should be considered the preferred one in @entity1 at moderate-to-high risk of @entity1031 events.

title: Meta-Analysis of Continuous Oral Anticoagulants Versus Heparin Bridging in XXXX Undergoing CIED Surgery: Reappraisal after the BRUISE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In this article we analyze our experience of surgical treatment of @entity357 , complicated with @entity354 . We operated 134 @entity1 with @entity357 , complicated with @entity354 , from 03.1998 till 10.2001. One hundred twenty-six Nissen and 8 Toupet laparoscopic gastrofundoplications were performed. We evaluated clinical signs of @entity354 , performed endoscopy and esophageal biopsy with histological examination and stomach X-ray examination with barium meal before the operation. Esophagus and stomach X-ray examination with water contrast on the first day after operation were performed in order to evaluate the position and function of created wrap. We also analyzed intraoperative and postoperative complications. Long-term follow-up (12 months) was obtained by using a structured questionnaire. We evaluated heartburn, @entity1282 , @entity338 and @entity1 's satisfaction of surgery. RESULTS. @entity260 rate was 8.96%. Eighty-two percent of our @entity1 completed our questionnaire. Ninety-one percent of @entity1 had no heartburn signs, 95.5% any signs of @entity338 . Eighty-three percent of our @entity1 were satisfied with our performed laparoscopic gastrofundoplication. We performed 6 refundoplications, when @entity354 clinical signs renewed shortly after operation. CONCLUSIONS. Laparoscopic gastrofundoplication is a safe and effective treatment of @entity357 , complicated with @entity354 . Operation success was about 90% in our study. Recurrences are more frequent in elderly @entity1 or those with long disease anamnesis. Refundoplications can be successfully done laparoscopicaly as well.

title: [ XXXX and @entity354 : possibilities and results of surgical treatment].

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia', 'hernia hiatus esophagi']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['Hiatal hernia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study aimed to verify the association between diameter-axial-polar (DAP) nephrometry and surgical outcomes, @entity8 in @entity1 undergoing @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). METHODS: Diameter-axial-polar nephrometry was assessed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging on 158 @entity1 who received @entity1625 between July 2007 and February 2013. Demographic data, surgical data, and perioperative complications were recorded, and percent change between the preoperative and last estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined. Linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the DAP sum score and @entity63 ( @entity63 ), estimated @entity190 (EBL), and percent decrease in eGFR. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between each DAP scoring parameter and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 50.5  years and median DAP sum score was 6. On linear regression, the DAP sum score was associated with @entity63 and EBL. On multivariable regression, all DAP parameters were associated with @entity63 , but the polar distance was not associated with EBL. @entity1 with a higher DAP sum score showed greater decrease in eGFR after @entity1625 . @entity1 with a DAP sum score of 6 or higher had a higher risk of major complications than those with a DAP sum score below 6. CONCLUSIONS: Diameter-axial-polar nephrometry predicted @entity63 and EBL in @entity1 who underwent @entity1625 . It was also associated with the decrease in eGFR and rate of major perioperative complications, and thus can be useful for surgical planning or @entity1 counseling before @entity1625 .

title: Usefulness of the diameter-axial-polar nephrometry score for predicting perioperative parameters in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal function, and perioperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['robotic partial nephrectomy', 'RPN']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['WIT', 'warm ischemia time']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['robotic partial nephrectomy']


abstract: Recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) through upregulation of cellular adhesion molecules is a proposed mechanism of @entity649 ( @entity649 ). We hypothesized that pretreatment of @entity6599 with a monoclonal antibody to @entity1 E- and @entity1196 (EL-246) during @entity295 would decrease PMN influx into tissues and result in less organ injury during gram-negative @entity295 . We studied 14 anesthetized, ventilated adult @entity6599 ; six animals received 1 mg/kg of EL-246 before infusion of an LD100 of live @entity526 and six received the @entity526 infusion without antibody therapy. Two other animals received 1 mg/kg of EL-246 intravenously without an infusion of bacteria. Intermittent measurements were made of circulatory pressures, cardiac output, urine output, arterial blood gases, ventilation:perfusion ratio (VA/Q), and hematologic status. The experiments were ended at 48 h or at the time of @entity204 . Tissues were harvested for pathology and biochemical measurements. The @entity526 infusions were associated with a hyperdynamic state, @entity120 , systemic @entity551 , decreased urine output (UOP), and @entity520 . The antibody partly blocked PMN migration, but there were few significant physiologic or biochemical differences between the EL-246-treated and untreated animals. In the antibody-treated animals, UOP was decreased, @entity520 was worsened, and median survival time was decreased significantly. We conclude that treatment with an antibody to E- and @entity1196 in gram-negative @entity295 does not improve gas exchange or protect against @entity651 , and is associated with decreased survival time in primates.

title: Antibody to E- and @entity1196 does not prevent XXXX or mortality in septic @entity6599 .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'injury in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: As quality measures increasingly become tied to payment, evaluating the most effective ways to provide high-quality care becomes more important. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether mandated reporting for ventilator and catheter bundle compliance is correlated with @entity281 rates, and to determine whether labor-intensive audits are correlated with compliance. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Multiyear retrospective review of aggregated data from all @entity1 admitted to 15 intensive care units in a Veterans Affairs hospital setting (the Veterans Integrated Service Network 16) from 2009 to 2011. EXPOSURES: Ventilator-associated @entity55 and @entity1212 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Mean rates of ventilator-associated @entity55 and @entity1212 were analyzed by year. Relationships between @entity281 rates, self-reported compliance, and audits were analyzed by Pearson correlation. RESULTS: During the study period, ventilator-associated @entity55 decreased from 2.50 to 1.60 infections per 1000 ventilator days (P   =   .07). The rate of @entity55 was not correlated with self-reported compliance overall (R   =   0.19) or by individual year (2009, R   =   0.30; 2010, R   =   0.24; 2011, R   =   0.46); there was a correlation in cardiac intensive care units (R   =   -0.70) but not other types of intensive care units (mixed, R   =   -0.18; medical, R   =   0.42; surgical, R   =   0.34). Catheter-related bloodstream infections decreased from 2.38 to 0.73 infections per 1000 catheter days (P   =   .04). The rate of @entity1212 was not correlated with self-reported compliance overall (R   =   -0.18), by individual year (2009, R   =   -0.39; 2010, R   =   -0.42; 2011, R   =   0.37), or by intensive care unit type (mixed, R   =   -0.19; cardiac, R   =   0.55; medical, R   =   0.17; surgical, R   =   -0.44). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Current mandated self-reported compliance and audit measures are poorly correlated with @entity2489 or @entity1212 .

title: Mandated Self-reporting of XXXX Bundle and Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection Bundle Compliance and Infection Rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related bloodstream infection', 'catheter-related bloodstream infections', 'catheter infection']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decreased infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['decreased ventilator-associated pneumonia']

answer: @entity2489 :: (MESH:D053717,Disease) :: ['Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia']


abstract: To identify new diagnostic markers and drug targets for @entity788 , we compared the gene expression patterns of @entity788 cell lines growing in tissue culture with those of normal pancreas using cDNA microarray analysis. Fluorescently ( @entity10502 5) labeled cDNA probes, made individually from mRNA samples of nine pancreatic cell lines, were each combined with fluorescently ( @entity10502 3) labeled universal reference mRNA. The mixed probes of each sample were then hybridized with 5760 cDNA arrays (5289 unique cDNA sequences) printed on individual microscope slides. Fluorescently ( @entity10502 5) labeled normal pancreas mRNA was also compared with the same universal reference mRNA reference pool. The expression ratios of neoplastic versus normal pancreas cells were then calculated by multiplying the ratio of @entity5 versus the universal reference mRNA and the ratio of the universal reference mRNA cell versus normal pancreas. For 5289 different genes interrogated by the arrays, 30 of them showed an expression ratio 2 SD from the mean in at least three of the nine pancreatic cell lines studied. To confirm the expression profiles of these genes, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot were carried out for 25 of the overexpressed genes. To verify the overexpression in @entity1 samples, two of the overexpressed genes, @entity517 and @entity6545 , were selected to undergo analysis by reverse transcription-PCR in frozen @entity5 tissues and by immunostaining in paraffin-embedded tissue section microarrays. The results of these experiments are in agreement with the microarray data. Potential up-regulated targets of note from this study include urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase 15, @entity19877 , and CDC28 protein kinase 2, as well as several others.

title: Identification of differentially expressed genes in XXXX cells using cDNA microarray.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity19877 :: ('25824', 'Gene') :: ['thioredoxin reductase']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: @entity7158 represent a new paradigm in the treatment of @entity1540 . This technique is well suited for lesions that involve multiple ventricular or cisternal compartments, have a nonlinear axis, or adhere to critical @entity531 . Two distinct operative corridors, one endoscopic and the other microsurgical, are used during synchronous approaches to address such lesions, increasing the likelihood of a safe and complete resection. The authors present the cases of two @entity1 and an adult treated via synchronous approaches. All @entity1 had multi-compartmental lesions involving the ventricles and/or cisterns. One @entity1 presented with a suprasellar Rathke cyst with a significant third ventricular component, one with a @entity10128 having a substantial cisternal component, and the remaining @entity1 with a @entity2846 in the left lateral ventricle that extended from midbody to the temporal horn. In the cases of the Rathke @entity4607 , debulking in the third ventricle and controlled detachment of the lesion from the hypothalamus were undertaken using endoscopy, and simultaneous resection of the suprasellar component was performed through a subfrontal craniotomy. In the case of the @entity2846 , selective cautery of the choroidal feeding vessels and detachment from the temporal tela choroidea were performed using endoscopy, and the @entity5 from the ventricular body to the atrium was resected via a craniotomy. In each case the resection concluded with the intersection of endoscopic and microsurgical fields. All three @entity1 had good outcomes. Endoscopic and microsurgical approaches can be used concurrently to treat multicompartment ventricular and/or cisternal lesions with good results. The probable advantages of this method are more complete resection and improved safety.

title: Synchronous endoscopy and microsurgery: a novel strategy to approach XXXX . Report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['Simultaneous endoscopic and microsurgical (synchronous) approaches']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['choroid plexus papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['complex ventricular lesions']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['anatomical or neurovascular structures']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['cyst and the hamartoma']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['complex ventricular lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The wastewater usually contains low-concentration organic pollutants and some inorganic salts after biological treatment. In the present work, the possibility of simultaneous removal of them by combining electrochemical oxidation and electrosorption was investigated. @entity3971 and @entity2827 were chosen as representative of organic pollutants and inorganic salts and a pair of activated @entity505 plate electrodes were used as anode and cathode. Some important working conditions such as @entity26 concentration, applied potential and temperature were evaluated to reach both efficient @entity3971 removal and desalination. Under optimized 2.0V of applied potential, 38  C of temperature, and 500mLmin(-1) of @entity26 flow, over 90% of @entity3971 , 60% of @entity5342 and 20% of salinity were removed during 300min of electrolysis time. @entity3971 was removed by both adsorption and electrochemical oxidation, which may proceed directly or indirectly by @entity3878 and @entity9784 oxidation. @entity16648 were detected as degradation intermediates, but they were finally transformed to @entity7574 . Desalination was possibly attributed to electrosorption of ions in the pores of activated @entity505 electrodes. The charging/regeneration cycling experiment showed good stability of the electrodes. This provides a new strategy for wastewater treatment and recycling.

title: Activated XXXX electrodes: Electrochemical oxidation coupled with desalination for wastewater treatment.

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorite']

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16648 :: ('MESH:D002733', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlorophenols']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

entities_list: @entity3971 :: ('MESH:D019800', 'Chemical') :: ['phenol', 'Phenol']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study was carried out to study the effect of the addition of @entity2116 ointment to @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy in @entity1 with @entity1569 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether the addition of @entity2116 to treatment with @entity1500 has an @entity1500 -sparing effect, and whether the combination of treatments is safe. Additionally, to compare the effect of @entity2116 or vehicle on the duration of the relapse-free interval after cessation of @entity1500 . METHODS: @entity1 on maintenance therapy with @entity1500 with controlled @entity1569 were selected. The study was divided into three phases: (i) an @entity1500 -free phase with double-blind treatment with either @entity2116 ointment or vehicle; (ii) an @entity1500 titration phase with open @entity1500 treatment and additional double-blind treatment with either @entity2116 or vehicle until target response; and (iii) follow-up phase: in a group of 97 @entity1 , @entity1569 was assessed using the modified @entity1569 severity score, @entity1 ' assessment and safety parameters were monitored as well. RESULTS: The combined use of @entity2116 with @entity1500 resulted in an @entity1500 -sparing effect of 3.4 mg week-1 (phase (II) and 2.6 mg week-1 (phase I and II taken together), while still maintaining efficacy. @entity2116 treatment increased the time to relapse of @entity1569 following discontinuation of @entity1500 : 113 days vs. 35 days. A decrease in @entity492 aminotransferase and @entity493 aminotransferase was seen during the study of 8% ( @entity2116 ) and 12% (vehicle). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity2116 and @entity1500 was safe and well tolerated. The combination resulted in lower cumulative dosages of @entity1500 compared with @entity1500 and vehicle. Therefore the risk of side-effects is substantially decreased.

title: The combination of @entity2116 and @entity1499 compared with @entity1499 and vehicle in XXXX : results of a multicentre placebo-controlled randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol', 'Calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate if typing speed is proportional to the severity of @entity158 with @entity3140 ( @entity3140 ). DESIGN: Standardized functional typing test with @entity1 scoring @entity158 before and after typing; calculation of typing speed. @entity1 : Fifty-nine @entity1 and six controls. SETTING: Tertiary hospital centre for hand and upper @entity158 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain (VAS 0-10) and calculation of typing speed as words per minute. RESULTS: THREE SUBGROUPS OF @entity1 WERE FOUND BASED ON THEIR TYPING SPEED: fast, slow and intermediate. Two-tailed student T-test with P level at 0.05 was used for evaluation. The typing speeds were significantly different between all three @entity1 groups (P < 0.05). The typing speed was significantly faster in the fastest @entity1 group than in the control group (P = 0.04) and the slow and middle groups (P = < 0.0001). The @entity158 before typing was highest in the 'slow' group, in both hands but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Typing speed is not proportional to the severity of @entity158 with @entity3140 . @entity1 with statistically significant slower or faster typing speeds do not have statistically different levels of @entity158 .

title: Is typing speed proportional to the severity of XXXX with @entity3140 .

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['work-related upper limb disorder', 'WRULD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'limb pain', 'pain in keyboard workers']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain in keyboard workers']


abstract: We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by esophagectomy in the management of T3 and T4 @entity418 . Thirty @entity1 with @entity957 of the esophagus received CRT followed by surgery. Preoperative CRT consisted of @entity1487 (500 mg/m(2) by 24 h infusion for 5 days), @entity900 (15 mg/m(2) on days 1-5), and concurrent radiotherapy (a total dose of 40 Gy delivered in daily fractions of 2 Gy, 5 times per week). Esophagectomy was planned for 4-6 weeks after treatment and restaging. All 30 @entity1 completed preoperative CRT. A clinical response (PR+CR) of the @entity5 was obtained in 82.8%, and a response of metastatic nodes was seen in 23.1%. Radical resection was possible in 17 of 29 operated @entity1 (58.6%). The postoperative mortality rate was 6.9%, and the hospital mortality rate was 10.3%. Ten out of 29 operated @entity1 (34.5%) had no @entity5 in the resected esophagus, corresponding to pathological CR. The 1-year survival rate was 80.6%, the 2-year survival rate was 62.7%, and the 3-year survival rate was 53.8%. The clinical response group and the R0 or R1 group showed better survival than other @entity1 . Preoperative CRT should be given to @entity1 with @entity957 , while esophagectomy remains the standard therapy for responders and has a tolerable mortality.

title: Chemoradiotherapy for T3 and T4 XXXX of the esophagus using low-dose FP and radiation: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between body @entity68 status and lipid profile in hospital admitted clinically diagnosed AMI @entity1 considering the concept that there is a potential association between body @entity68 status and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Total 80 subjects were selected, of which 40 were healthy adults and 40 were AMI @entity1 . Fasting blood samples were collected from healthy adults. Blood samples of AMI @entity1 were collected within 24 hours of the attack of @entity583 . Body @entity68 status was measured in term of 3 variables serum total @entity68 concentration, TIBC and @entity69 saturation. Lipid profile variables measure were total @entity165 , @entity412 , LDL- @entity165 and HDL- @entity165 . No correlation was found between serum @entity68 and the variables of lipid profile. TIBC was found to maintain negative correlation with total @entity165 , @entity412 and LDL- @entity165 but positive correlation with HDL- @entity165 . @entity69 saturation was found to maintain strongly positive correlation with total @entity165 , @entity412 and LDL- @entity165 but strongly negative correlation with HDL- @entity165 . This correlation of TIBC and @entity69 saturation with lipid profile supports the hypothesis that there is a potential association between body @entity68 status and @entity301 .

title: A comparative study of body XXXX status and lipid profile in acute @entity583 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity69 :: ('7018', 'Gene') :: ['Transferrin', 'transferrin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2220 cells harboring @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations are sensitive to @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI). Acquired resistance to @entity470 TKI develops after prolonged treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the novel y secretase inhibitor @entity53405 on acquired resistance to the @entity470 TKI @entity4562 . We did not observe known mechanisms of acquired resistance to @entity470 TKI, including the @entity470 @entity9513 mutation and @entity74 in the @entity4562 -resistant @entity756 /AB2 cells. @entity53405 inhibited @entity10412 / @entity584 expression and sensitized @entity756 /AB2 cells to @entity4562 -induced @entity137 . In contrast, @entity53405 had no significant effect on @entity4562 sensitivity in @entity756 parental cells. Combined treatment with @entity53405 and @entity4562 induced high levels of apoptosis. Our in vivo studies showed that combined treatment of @entity4562 and @entity53405 inhibited the growth of @entity756 /AB2 xenografts. In conclusion, our data show that combined treatment of @entity4562 and y secretase inhibitors may be useful for treating @entity2220 harboring @entity470 mutations with acquired @entity4562 resistance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: y secretase inhibitor @entity53405 reverses resistance to XXXX inhibitor via the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway in lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MET gene amplification']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'Lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: There is increasing interest in bioengineering of lipids for use in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. @entity375 is a widely utilized cell factory for biotechnological production, thus a tempting alternative. Herein, we show how its neutral lipid accumulation varies throughout metabolic phases under nutritional conditions relevant for large-scale fermentation. Population-averaged metabolic data were correlated with lipid storage at the single-cell level monitored at submicron resolution by label-free coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. While lipid droplet sizes are fairly constant, the number of droplets is a dynamic parameter determined by @entity413 and @entity1068 levels. The lowest number of lipid droplets is observed in the transition phase between @entity413 and @entity1068 fermentation. It is followed by a buildup during the @entity1068 phase. The surplus of accumulated lipids is then mobilized at concurrent @entity413 and @entity1068 starvation in the subsequent stationary phase. Thus, the highest amount of lipids is found in the @entity1068 phase, which is about 0.3 fL/cell. Our results indicate that the budding @entity375 , @entity375 , can be used for the biosynthesis of lipids and demonstrate the strength of CARS microscopy for monitoring the dynamics of lipid metabolism at the single-cell level of importance for optimized lipid production.

title: Lipid biosynthesis monitored at the single-cell level in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: The immunologic control of fertility was studied in male @entity235 . Immu nization with ovine gonadotropin produced severe testicular and accessory gland @entity194 . Immunization with purified @entity291 luteinizing hormone (LH) had similar effects on a short-term basis. In long-term experiments, there were degenerative changes in the germinal epithelium of the seminiferous tubules. Antibody serum titers correlated negatively with @entity342 levels. 5 weeks after immunization, ejaculation was inhibited, though some recovery was observed later. There were no undesirable side effects. Immunization with @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin did not appreciably alter reproductive function. Ejaculation was inhibited for at least 140 days after immunization with ovine pituitary gonadotropin. After recovery, ejaculation was again inhibited by a booster injection. Testicular diameter was markedly reduced by treatment. Clinical side effects were not evident.

title: Immunologic control of reproduction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Glucocorticoids are among the most commonly used drugs. They are widely administered for acute and chronic @entity4512 , as well as for several other @entity158 syndromes, although their therapeutic use is sometimes diverted for doping purposes. Their time-course effects on hormonal and inflammatory responses nevertheless remain poorly understood, both at rest and during exercise. We therefore studied the alterations induced by 1 week of @entity229 treatment (60   mg daily) in recreationally trained male athletes after 2 days (i.   e., acute) and 7 days (i.   e., short-term). Hormonal (i.   e., @entity2494 , @entity2494 -S, @entity1369 , and @entity251 ) and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (i.   e., @entity650 , @entity688 , and @entity1356 ) were investigated at rest and after resistance exercise. A significant decrease in @entity2494 and @entity2494 -S (p<0.01) without change in the @entity2494 / @entity2494 -S ratio, @entity1369 , or @entity251 was demonstrated after acute @entity229 intake. A significant increment in @entity688 and a significant decrement in @entity650 (p<0.05) were also observed with @entity229 both at rest and during exercise, without significant change in @entity1356 . Continued @entity229 treatment led to another significant decrease in both @entity2494 and @entity2494 -S (p<0.05), whereas no change in the inflammatory markers was observed between days 2 and 7. Our data demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory effects of @entity229 were maximal and stable from the beginning of treatment, both in rest and exercise conditions. However, hormonal concentrations continued to decline during short-term intake. Further studies are needed to determine the effects of hormonal time-course alterations with longer glucocorticoid treatment and the clinical consequences.

title: Time-Course of XXXX Effects on Hormonal and Inflammatory Responses at Rest and During Resistance Exercise.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['Prednisone']


abstract: Mast cells are multifunctional hematopoietic cells producing various proinflammatory mediators. They arise in the bone marrow from CD34+ myeloid progenitors under the influence of stem cell factor but reside extravascular in the tissues. @entity5310 which is a @entity395 encompasses a heterogeneous group of entities characterized by abnormal proliferation and accumulation of mast cells, including @entity17587 . Progress in understanding the (patho)biology of mast cells has been hindered by the lack of genuine model systems, such as continuous cell lines. Now the two in vitro models HMC-1 and @entity27509 are available. Cell line HMC-1 was published in 1988; the sister cell lines @entity27509 and LAD 2 have been established in 2000. These cell lines were all derived from @entity1 with @entity17587 . The cell lines have been properly authenticated; their immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular, and functional features have been described in detail. Taken together, these cell lines reproduce faithfully most or all of the characteristics of primary normal or malignant cells in so far as these are known. Interest in this rare but nevertheless remarkable cell type should gain momentum with the availability of model systems.

title: Malignant hematopoietic cell lines: in vitro models for the study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['Mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity17587 :: ('MESH:D007946', 'Disease') :: ['mast cell leukemia', 'mast cell leukemia-sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

answer: @entity17587 :: (MESH:D007946,Disease) :: ['mast cell leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4195 of the M1 serotype can cause STSS, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of NFAT signaling in M1 protein-induced @entity651 . NFAT-luc @entity19 were treated with the NFAT inhibitor @entity65779 before administration of the M1 protein. Neutrophil infiltration, @entity4 , and CXC chemokines were quantified in the lung, 4 h after challenge with the M1 protein. Flow cytometry was used to determine @entity3804 expression. Challenge with the M1 protein increased NFAT-dependent transcriptional activity in the lung, spleen, and liver in NFAT-luc @entity19 . Administration of the NFAT inhibitor @entity65779 abolished M1 protein-evoked NFAT activation in the lung, spleen, and liver. M1 protein challenge induced neutrophil recruitment, @entity4 , and CXC chemokine production in the lung, as well as up-regulation of @entity3804 on circulating neutrophils. Inhibition of NFAT activity attenuated M1 protein-induced neutrophil infiltration by 77% and @entity4 formation by 50% in the lung. Moreover, administration of @entity65779 reduced M1 protein-evoked pulmonary formation of CXC chemokine >80%. In addition, NFAT inhibition decreased M1 protein-triggered @entity3804 up-regulation on neutrophils. These findings indicate that NFAT signaling controls pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils in response to streptococcal M1 protein via formation of CXC chemokines and neutrophil expression of @entity3804 . Thus, the targeting of NFAT activity might be a useful way to ameliorate lung @entity883 .

title: Streptococcal M1 protein triggers chemokine formation, neutrophil infiltration, and XXXX in an NFAT-dependent manner.

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['injury in streptococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although few retrospective studies of high altitude have reported that @entity28 might be associated with the development of @entity5754 ( @entity5754 ), this association has not been studied prospectively. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity28 is associated with the development of @entity5754 . DESIGN: Obese and nonobese @entity1 were compared at a simulated altitude of 3658 m (12 000 ft). SETTING: 24 hours in a hypobaric environmental chamber. @entity1 : 9 @entity28 and 10 nonobese @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Percentage body fat (by hydrostatic weighing), Lake Louise @entity5754 score, and Sao2 level (by pulse oximetry) were measured. RESULTS: Average @entity5754 scores increased more rapidly with time spent at simulated high altitudes for @entity28 @entity1 than for nonobese @entity1 (P < 0.001). The response of Sao2 with exposure differed between nonobese and @entity28 @entity1 . After 24 hours in the altitude chamber, seven @entity28 @entity1 (78%) and four nonobese @entity1 (40%) had @entity5754 scores of 4 or more. CONCLUSION: @entity28 seems to be associated with the development of @entity5754 , which may be partly related to greater nocturnal desaturation with altitude exposure.

title: XXXX : associations with @entity5754 .

entities_list: @entity5754 :: ('MESH:D000532', 'Disease') :: ['acute mountain sickness', 'AMS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevention of surgical site infections is critical in deep brain stimulation (DBS). In the present study, we tested the ability of a self-administered preoperative @entity167 -based (70% @entity1068 ) preparation to reduce the rate of @entity86 after DBS surgery. METHODS: This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review was conducted at our institution between January 2005 and October 2007 (mean follow-up, 23 months). The @entity1 comprised a consecutive sample of 172 @entity1 with @entity717 who underwent DBS surgery at our institution. Starting in January 2007, all @entity1 were required to use the @entity167 -based preparation. These @entity1 (n = 48) were instructed to self-administer the wash on the night before surgery and the morning of surgery. Before this time, no self-administered wash was used (n = 122). RESULTS: There was no difference in preoperative skin cleansing between the 2 groups, and all @entity1 received intravenous antibiotics immediately before and after surgery for 24 hours. We compared the rate of @entity86 in the 2 groups and reviewed other possible factors underlying @entity281 . We found 11 cases of @entity281 (6.47%), all in the group without the preoperative antiseptic wash. The @entity281 rate was 9.02% in the group without the preoperative wash and 0 in the group with the preoperative wash (P < .029). There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of mean age, duration of operative procedure, or number of microelectrode tracts attempted. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the incorporation of this self-administered antiseptic wash into our standard antiseptic protocol for @entity1 undergoing DBS surgery.

title: Self-administered preoperative antiseptic wash to prevent XXXX after deep brain stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus in @entity1 presenting with @entity1183 following surgery for trigeminal @entity9 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 who had unilateral medically uncontrolled trigeminal @entity9 and underwent ipsilateral surgery from 2006 to 2012 were included. Of these, 10 had microvascular decompression (MVD group) and 11 had balloon compression of the trigeminal ganglion (BC group). Slit lamp examination, Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometery and in vivo confocal microscopy were carried out on both eyes of each @entity1 . Nerve density data were statistically analysed. RESULTS: Corneal sensations and sub-basal nerve densities in MVD group were normal and equal in both the operated and unoperated sides, indicating that there was no intra-operative damage of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (V1). However, those in BC group, despite having significantly reduced corneal sensations on the operated side (p  =  0.007), did not demonstrate any significant difference in their sub-basal nerve densities (p  =  0.477). No @entity1 had any ocular symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the hypothesis that @entity16 and/or postganglionic damage of V1 results in @entity1183 and @entity1036 , but partial @entity16 would preserve trophic function despite @entity1183 and not result in clinically significant symptoms or signs of @entity1036 . The trophic and sensory functions of V1 are therefore independent and can be dissociated by @entity66 .

title: @entity1183 with normal sub-basal nerve density following surgery for trigeminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia', 'corneal hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease or injury']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['complete ganglionic damage', 'ganglionic or preganglionic damage']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Older @entity1 account for nearly half of the United States surgical volume, and age alone is insufficient to predict surgical @entity410 . Various metrics exist for risk stratification, but little work has been done to describe the association between measures. We aimed to determine whether analytic morphomics, a novel objective risk assessment tool, correlates with functional measures currently recommended in the preoperative evaluation of older @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified 184 elective general surgery @entity1 aged >70  y with both a preoperative computed tomography scan and Vulnerable Elderly Surgical Pathways and outcomes Assessment within 90  d of surgery. We used analytic morphomics to calculate trunk muscle size (or total psoas area [ @entity865 ]) and univariate logistic regression to assess the relationship between @entity865 and domains of geriatric function mobility, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs), and cognitive ability. RESULTS: Greater @entity865 was inversely correlated with @entity73 (odds ratio [OR]  =  0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.25-0.85, P  =  0.013). Greater @entity865 was associated with decreased odds of deficit in any basic ADLs (OR  =  0.36 per standard deviation unit increase in @entity865 , 95% CI 0.15-0.87, P  <0.03) and any instrumental ADLs (OR  =  0.53, 95% CI 0.34-0.81; P  <0.005). Finally, @entity1 with larger @entity865 were less likely to have @entity73 assessed by Mini-Cog scale (OR  =  0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.86, P  <0.01). Controlling for age did not change results. CONCLUSIONS: Older surgical candidates with greater trunk muscle size, or greater @entity865 , are less likely to have @entity73 , @entity73 , or decreased ability to perform daily self-care. Further research linking these assessments to clinical outcomes is needed.

title: Analytic morphomics corresponds to functional status in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulty', 'impaired mobility', 'physical impairment']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Many individuals with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) have difficulty producing normal speech and voice, resulting in problems with interpersonal communication and reduced quality of life. Translational animal models of @entity497 have been developed to assess disease pathology. However, it is unknown whether acoustic feature changes associated with vocal production deficits in these animal models lead to compromised communication. In rodents, male ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have a well-established role in functional inter-sexual communication. To test whether @entity51 in USVs observed in a @entity47128 ( @entity47128 ) knockout (KO) @entity191 @entity35 model compromise communication, we presented recordings of male @entity47128 KO USVs and normal @entity164 ( @entity164 ) USVs to female @entity35 listeners. We measured approached behavior and immediate early gene expression ( @entity5019 ) in brain regions implicated in auditory processing and sexual motivation. Our results suggest that females show reduced approach in response to @entity47128 KO USVs compared with @entity164 . Moreover, females exposed to @entity47128 KO USVs had lower @entity5019 immunolabeling in the nucleus accumbens, a region implicated in sexual motivation. These results are the first to demonstrate that @entity51 in a @entity35 @entity191 model result in compromised communication. Thus, the @entity47128 KO @entity191 model may be valuable for assessing treatments aimed at restoring vocal communicative function.

title: Decreased approach behavior and nucleus accumbens immediate early gene expression in response to Parkinsonian ultrasonic vocalizations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity47128 :: ('298575(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PTEN-induced putative kinase 1', 'PINK1']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic deficits', 'vocalization deficits']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['communicative dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In Phase III of the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC) time trends in the prevalence of @entity7370 symptoms were analysed. Cross-sectional questionnaire surveys with identical protocols and questionnaires were completed a mean of 7 yr apart in two age groups comprising 498,083 @entity1 . In the 13- to 14-yr age group 106 centres in 56 countries participated, and in the 6- to 7-yr age group 66 centres in 37 countries participated. A slight worldwide increase in @entity7370 prevalence was observed, but the variations were large among the centres and there was no consistent regional pattern. Prevalence increases in the older @entity1 exceeding 1% per year were recorded in 13 centres, including 3 of 9 centres in Africa, 2 of 15 in Asia-Pacific, 1 of 8 in India, 3 of 15 in Latin America, 3 of 9 in Eastern Europe and 1 of 34 in Western and Northern Europe. Decreasing rhinoconjunctivititis prevalence of similar magnitude was only seen in four centres. The changes were less pronounced in the 6- to 7-yr-old @entity1 and only in one centre did any change exceed 1% per year. The decrease in highest prevalence rates in ISAAC Phase I suggests that the prevalence has peaked in those regions. An increase was recorded in several centres, mostly in low and mid-income countries. The increases were more pronounced in the older age group, suggesting that environmental influences on the development of @entity566 may not be limited to early childhood.

title: Worldwide time trends for symptoms of rhinitis and conjunctivitis: Phase III of the International Study of XXXX in Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies', 'allergy']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Asthma and Allergies']


abstract: Endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired and predicts the risk of a coronary event in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). Oxidant stress and @entity32 may contribute to this @entity409 . Aged garlic extract (AGE) contains antioxidant compounds and increases @entity842 production and decreases the output of inflammatory cytokines from cultured cells. The aim of this study was to test the effect of treatment with AGE on brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and circulating markers of oxidative stress and systemic @entity32 . The trial included 15 @entity1 with angiographically proven @entity453 in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design with 2-week treatment and washout periods. During AGE supplementation, @entity384 increased (44%) significantly (p = 0.04) from the baseline and mainly in @entity1 with lower baseline @entity384 . Levels of @entity384 at the end of AGE treatment were significantly (p = 0.03) higher compared with the corresponding levels at the end of placebo treatment when the variation in baseline body weight was taken into account. Markers of oxidant stress (plasma oxidized low density lipoprotein and @entity2627 ), systemic @entity32 (plasma @entity1851 ad @entity650 ) and endothelial activation ( @entity4725 ) did not change significantly during the study. These data suggest that short-term treatment with AGE may improve impaired endothelial function in @entity1 with @entity453 treated with @entity117 and a statin. Whether improvement in endothelial function decreases the risk of future cardiovascular events remains to be determined.

title: Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in XXXX with @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increased systemic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2627 :: ('MESH:D010545', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxides']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow mediated endothelium-dependent dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are usually treated with hepatic resection or percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ). GOALS: To compare the effects of hepatic resection versus @entity8681 on survival in a matched case-control study. STUDY @entity1 with single-nodule @entity157 (<or=5 cm) who were treated with hepatic resection (cases) or @entity8681 (controls) were eligible. Matching criteria were date of diagnosis, @entity1 -Pugh stage, and age at diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve of the control group was drawn weighing each stratum by the inverse of its size. Treatments were compared by a stratified Cox's model, adjusted by CLIP score. RESULTS: Of 912 @entity1 , 197 were eligible and 82 (17 cases and 65 controls) were matched, creating 17 strata. Nine (53%) cases and 41 (63%) controls died. Cox model showed no survival difference between the two groups; hazard ratio of @entity8681 versus hepatic resection was 1.04 (95% CI = 0.43-2.52). One- and 3-year survival rates in the hepatic resection and @entity8681 groups were 82% versus 91% and 63% versus 65%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with small @entity157 treated with hepatic resection or @entity8681 have similar survival rates. In view of the higher cost and morbidity of hepatic resection, a prospective randomized study is warranted.

title: Hepatic resection and percutaneous XXXX injection as treatments of @entity157 : a Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP 08) retrospective case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'small hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: RATIONALE AND PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of the Choyke questionnaire with a @entity1011 point-of-care test (POCT) to detect @entity8 amongst outpatients receiving intravenous iodinated contrast in a tertiary centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July and December 2012, 1361 outpatients had their serum @entity1011 determined by POCT and answered the Chokye questionnaire just before their examination. RESULTS: Four hundred and eighty (35.2%) @entity1 had at least one 'Yes' response. Forty-four @entity1 (3.2%) had estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) and 14 @entity1 (1.0%) have eGFR <45mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the Choyke criteria in detecting @entity1 with eGFR <60mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2) are respectively: 65.9%, 65.8%, 6.0% and 98.3% and to detect eGFR <45mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2): 92.9%, 65.3%, 2.7% and 99.9%. Only 'Yes' responses to 'Have you ever been told you have renal problems?' and 'Do you have @entity6 ?' were statistically significant in predicting eGFR <45mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2), with odds ratio 98.7 and 4.4 respectively. CONCLUSION: The Choyke questionnaire has excellent sensitivity and moderate-to-good specificity in detecting @entity1 with <45mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2), below this level it has been shown that risk of contrast induced @entity8 increases significantly, making it an effective screening tool. Also the use of POCT can potentially reduce waiting time.

title: Screening for XXXX in outpatients before iodinated contrast injection: Comparing the Choyke questionnaire with a rapid point-of-care-test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: Significant effort has been devoted to fabricating various biomaterials to satisfy specific clinical requirements. In this study, we developed a new type of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane by electrospinning a suspension consisting of poly( @entity20308 ), multiwalled @entity505 nanotubes, and @entity692 ( @entity15274 /MWNTs/HA). MWNTs/HA nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the membranes, and the degradation characteristics were far improved. Cytologic research revealed that the PLLA/MWNTs/HA membrane enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) by 30% and inhibited the adhesion and proliferation of gingival epithelial cells by 30% also, compared with the control group. After PDLCs were seeded into the PLLA/MWNTs/HA membrane, cell/membrane composites were implanted into the leg muscle pouches of @entity465 @entity19 . Histologic examinations showed that PDLCs attached on the membranes functioned well in vivo. This new type of membrane shows excellent dual biological functions and satisfied the requirement of the GTR technique successfully in spite of a monolayer structure. Compared with other GTR membranes on sale or in research, the membrane can simplify the manufacturing process, reduce the fabrication cost, and avoid possible mistakes in clinical application. Moreover, it does not need to be taken out after surgery. PLLA/MWNTs/HA membranes have shown great potential for GTR and tissue engineering.

title: Improved biological characteristics of poly(L-lactic acid) electrospun membrane by incorporation of multiwalled XXXX nanotubes/ @entity692 nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity20308 :: ('CHEBI:422', 'Chemical') :: ['l-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: PURPOSE: It is often difficult to discriminate focal @entity1669 (FLT) or @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) from @entity259 if they both have suspicious ultrasound (US) findings. We aimed to make a predictive model of FLT from @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) in suspicious nodules with benign cytologic results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 214 @entity1 who had undergone fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and had shown thyroid nodules with suspicious US features. @entity3557 was confirmed by surgical pathology. FLT and @entity1412 were confirmed through more than two separate FNABs. Clinical and biochemical findings, as well as US features, were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 214 @entity1 , 100 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity3557 , 55 @entity1 with FLT, and 59 @entity1 with @entity1412 . The proportion of elevated thyrotropin (TSH) levels (p=0.014) and thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) or thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) positivity (p<0.001) in the FLT group was significantly higher than that in the @entity3557 group. Regarding US features, absence of calcification (p=0.006) and " @entity1374 " ( @entity1374 ) pattern on US (p<0.001) were frequently seen in the FLT group. On multivariate analysis, Tg-Ab positivity, presence of a @entity1374 pattern on US, and absence of calcification in nodules were associated with FLT with the best specificity of 99% and positive predictive value of 96%. In contrast, a taller than wide shape of nodules was the only variable significant for differentiating @entity1412 from @entity3557 . CONCLUSION: Suspicious thyroid nodules with cytologic benign results could be followed up with US rather than repeat FNAB, if @entity1 exhibit Tg-Ab positivity, no calcifications in nodules, and a @entity1374 pattern on US.

title: Focal @entity1669 Nodules Share the Features of XXXX on Ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous hyperplasia', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['DTD', 'diffuse thyroid disease']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['Papillary Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increased interest in using alternative end points for trials of @entity8 progression. The currently established end points of @entity454 and doubling of serum @entity1011 level, equivalent to a 57% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), are late events in @entity740 ( @entity740 ), requiring large clinical trials with long follow-up. As part of a comprehensive evaluation of lesser declines in eGFR as alternative end points, we describe the consistency of treatment effects of intervention on the alternative and established end points in past trials. STUDY DESIGN: Diagnostic test study. SETTING _ POPULATION: 9,488 @entity1 from 37 randomized controlled trials of @entity740 progression across 5  intervention types. INDEX TEST: Alternative end points including percentage change in eGFR from baseline (20%, 30%, 40%, and 57%) throughout study duration and to 12, 18, and 24 months. eGFR change confirmed versus nonconfirmed at the next visit. REFERENCE TEST: The historically established end point of time to composite of treated @entity177 ( @entity454 ), untreated @entity177 (GFR<15mL/ @entity1009 .73m(2)), or doubling of serum @entity1011 level throughout study duration. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.62 years' follow-up, there were 3,070 established end points. Compared to the established end point, the number of alternative end points was greater for smaller versus larger declines in eGFR and longer versus shorter follow-up intervals. There was a general trend toward attenuation of the treatment effect with end points defined by a lesser eGFR decline, with greater attenuation with nonconfirmed end points, except for the low-protein-diet intervention, for which a stronger treatment effect was observed. The ratio (95% credible interval) of the HR for the alternative to established end point for the 5 intervention types ranged from 0.91 (0.64-1.43) to 1.12 (0.89-1.40) for 40% decline and from 0.88 (0.63-1.39) to 1.15 (0.88-1.54) for 30% decline for the overall study duration, indicating consistency of treatment effects. LIMITATIONS: Limited variety of interventions tested and low statistical power for many @entity740 clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide some support for the use of lesser eGFR declines as a surrogate end point, with stronger support for the 40% than 30% decline.

title: GFR Decline as an Alternative End Point to XXXX in Clinical Trials: A Meta-analysis of Treatment Effects From 37 Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Kidney Failure']


abstract: The PstICL1 gene, which encodes isocitrate lyase, a key enzyme in the @entity11571 cycle, was cloned and characterized in the biotrophic @entity3505 pathogen Puccinia striiformis @entity10327 . tritici (Pst). Expression analyses of PstICL1 exhibited high levels of transcripts in ungerminated urediniospores, which showed low isocitrate lyase enzyme activity. In planta, PstICL1 expression was continuously down-regulated upon germination. During the later stages of the infection of @entity3505 , the level of PstICL1 expression was extremely low. The function of PstICL1 was identified via mutant complementation. The expression of PstICL1 in @entity375 can complement the defects of the    ICL mutant. Using @entity11695 , we observed that inactivation of @entity9275 lyase greatly reduced the germination rate of urediniospores, indicating that PstICL1 plays a key role during Pst germination. Furthermore, analysis of lipid bodies revealed that lipid components continuously enter the germ tube from the urediniospore cell during germ tube elongation. Moreover, during this period, the lipid contents continuously decreased, and the total @entity3363 markedly increased, demonstrating that the lipids are being converted into @entity3363 . These results suggest that PstICL1 is required for Pst germination.

title: @entity9275 lyase is required for urediniospore germination of Puccinia striiformis XXXX . tritici.

entities_list: @entity11695 :: ('MESH:C015392', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitropropionate']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylate']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity10327 :: (239,Species) :: ['f. sp']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, therapeutic methods and therapeutic effects of sinonasal @entity2698 . METHODS: Clinical data of 6 @entity1 with sinonasal @entity2698 , diagnosed by pathology and immmunohistochemistry between January 1990 and December 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 4 males and 2 females, with a median age of 58 years. Clinical manifestation included @entity1415 and @entity8968 . These @entity1 were operated on by nasal endoscopic surgery or endoscope-assisted surgery, of which 2 cases of @entity5 located in the nasal cavity underwent nasal endoscopic surgery and 4 cases of @entity5 located in the nasal cavity and sinuses underwent endoscope-assisted surgery. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up for a period of 6 months to 7 years after operation. Two cases recurred and 4 cases didn't recurre. One case recurred 6 months after operation and underwent second operation, with no recurrence by further one year follow-up. Another case recurred 17 months after operation and underwent second operation, with recurrence by further 9 months follow-up. This @entity1 lived with @entity5 over two years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2698 are rarely found in the sinonasal cavity. Nasal endoscopic or endoscope-assisted surgery provides satisfactory effect.

title: [Clinical analysis of sinonasal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangiopericytomas', 'hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity2698 :: (MESH:D006393,Disease) :: ['hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: @entity491 is occasionally seen in @entity1 with presumptive but undiagnosed @entity6961 ( @entity6961 ). A 74-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for tarry stools, @entity417 , and marked @entity1897 of 1.4*105/ L. Gastroenteroscopy revealed an acute @entity3137 that was treated successfully via endoscopic hemoclipping. Bone marrow aspiration revealed marked megakaryocyte proliferation with atypia of naked nuclei and @entity236 (90% cellularity). A fluorescence in situ hybridization test could not detect the @entity1861 fusion gene. Bone marrow aspiration later revealed further abnormalities of megakaryocytes. The @entity1 died from @entity1779 . The present case fulfilled 2 of the 3 major criteria of primary @entity4018 according to the World Health Organization 2008 classification:namely, @entity1373 with @entity236 and @entity8116 . However, the megakaryocytic abnormality was not strictly compatible with the criteria. Instead, we considered prefibrotic primary @entity4018 as a possibility, although @entity9713 ( @entity9713 ) was technically the correct diagnosis. The present case shows that MPN diagnosis remains difficult and suggests that other cases of @entity1897 with diagnosed @entity9713 might include similar findings.

title: Severe case of @entity1897 initially diagnosed as XXXX , but possibly prefibrotic primary @entity4018 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['Leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['megakaryocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity9713 :: ('MESH:D054437', 'Disease') :: ['MDS/MPN-U', 'myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal mucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypercellular marrow', 'marrow hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders', 'MPD']

answer: @entity9713 :: (MESH:D054437,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the diagnosis of @entity146 in @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity3519 after deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi). METHODS: Structured Clinical Interviews for the DSM-IV, @entity146 , were prospectively performed before and after surgery. Diagnoses were made based on DSM-IV criteria. @entity146 were grouped into 5 categories: mood, @entity148 , addiction, @entity3119 , and @entity716 . @entity1 could be stratified to more than one category. Rates for unchanged diagnoses, diagnoses in remission, and new-onset diagnoses after surgery for each category were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity3519 were included. Mean    SD age at surgery and @entity3519 duration at time of surgery was 50.6    13.8 and 19.0    13.2 years, respectively. Preoperatively, 37 @entity2270 I diagnoses were made in 25 @entity1 , 43.8% of those presenting with at least 1 @entity146 (mostly mood and @entity148 ). Mean    SD duration of @entity146 follow-up was 24.4    19.6 months. Overall, after surgery no significant changes (p = 0.16) were found in @entity2270 I diagnoses (23 @entity1 , 40.3%): 27 (73%) unchanged, 10 (27%) in complete remission, and 4 (12.9%) new-onset diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the overall @entity146 stability of @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity3519 treated with GPi DBS. However, considering the high @entity146 morbidity in the @entity3519 population, @entity146 assessments before and after surgery are strongly recommended. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that GPi DBS does not change @entity2270 I @entity146 diagnoses in @entity1 with primary and secondary @entity3519 .

title: Long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes after pallidal stimulation in primary and secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Axis I psychiatric disorders', 'Psychiatric disorders', 'Axis I diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorders']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']