abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity572 ( @entity2445 ) for treatment of @entity1513 and severe @entity7032 caused by @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ). METHODS: Between December 2008 and November 2011, 25 @entity1 (37 hips) with @entity1513 and severe @entity7032 caused by @entity1691 were treated. There were 22 males and 3 females, aged 29-38 years (mean, 35.6 years). The disease duration was 8-16 years (mean, 13.2 years). Of them, 18 cases had complete limitation of hip motion, and 16 cases had severe @entity85 (Cobb's angel >=  60 degrees). All 25 cases underwent spinal wedged osteotomy at first, and then received @entity2445 after 8 weeks. The effectiveness was evaluated by Harris hip score, range of motion (ROM) of the hip, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Cobb's angle, and information and data exchange system (IDES) criteria for @entity1349 , respectively. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up 12-14 months (mean, 13 months). Spondylolisthesis (II degree) occurred in 1 case spinal after wedged osteotomy, and was corrected after second operation. No @entity1317 or @entity1566 was observed. Bony fusion was obtained at osteotomy ends at 6 months after operation. The Cobb's angle was significantly corrected from (83.5    10.4)degrees preoperatively to (25.4   . 5.5)degrees (t = 24.63, P = 0.00) 12 months postoperatively. One case had traction @entity2096 after @entity2445 , and the muscle function recovered at 9 months after operation. According to IDES criteria, up-displacement of cup (< 5 mm) was observed in 1 @entity1 , who had no obvious clinical symptoms; periacetabular @entity3061 occurred in 1 @entity1 , with no displacement of cup. No obvious radiolucent was seen in 37 hips. The Harris hip score was significantly improved from (26.87    4.23) preoperatively to 85.92    6.04) (t = 28.72, P = 0.00) 3 months postoperatively; the VAS score was significantly decreased from (6.71    1.14) preoperatively to (2.31    0.82)(t = 42.26, P = 0.00) 3 months postoperatively; and the flexion-extension ROM of the hip was significantly improved to 60-100 degrees (mean, 72.0 degrees) at post-operation, and the abduction ROM of the hip was improved to 20-40 degrees (mean, 28.7 degrees). CONCLUSION: Spinal wedged osteotomy combined with @entity2445 is an efficient treatment for @entity1513 and severe @entity7032 caused by @entity1691 .

title: [Spinal wedged osteotomy combined with total hip arthroplasty for XXXX and severe @entity7032 caused by @entity1691 ].

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['injury of the femoral nerve']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['spinal wedged osteotomy and total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spine deformity']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

entities_list: @entity7032 :: ('MESH:D006616', 'Disease') :: ['hip flexion contracture']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the association between listeners' ratings of how much effort it took to understand the speech of young @entity1 with @entity306 and the percentage of words listeners actually understood. METHOD: Thirty-one young @entity1 with @entity4653 and @entity306 (16 males, 15 females; mean age = 11 years, SD = 3) were audio recorded repeating single words and producing speech. Objective measures of intelligibility were calculated for multiple familiar and unfamiliar listeners using a forced choice paradigm for single words and verbatim orthographic transcriptions for connected speech. Listeners rated how much effort it took to understand speech in each condition using a 5-point ordinal ease of listening (EOL) scale. RESULTS: Agreement on EOL within rater groups was high (ICC > 0.71). An effect of listener was observed for familiar listeners, but not for unfamiliar listeners. EOL agreement between familiar and unfamiliar listeners was weak-moderate (ICC = 0.46). EOL predicted the percentage of speech actually understood by familiar and unfamiliar listeners (r > 0.56, p < 0.001 for all predictions). Strongest associations between EOL and intelligibility were observed for speakers with mild and profound impairments. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study demonstrate that listeners can judge how well they have understood dysarthric speech. EOL is associated with listener familiarity, speech task and speech impairment severity. EOL is appropriate for use in clinical practice as a measure of communication activity.

title: Association between objective measurement of the speech intelligibility of young @entity1 with XXXX and listener ratings of ease of understanding.

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity4653 :: (MESH:D004401,Disease) :: ['dysarthria']


abstract: Definitive treatment of extended @entity384 is a major surgical challenge. Histopathology of resected thoracic aortic wall may reveal undiagnosed @entity3665 affecting outcome. We sought to investigate the benefit of thorough histopathology after one-stage corrective surgery for the treatment of extended @entity384 . Five @entity1 underwent one-stage corrective surgery using the hybrid open arch repair by the frozen @entity7105 trunk together with endovascular aortic grafting. A representative sample of the resected aortic arch was procured for histology. T- and B-lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages, and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) positivity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The mean preoperative maximum aortic diameter was 54   mm (range, 41-79 mm). The mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 1-24 months). As confirmed by computed tomography (CT) upon follow-up, complete @entity715 of the false lumen at the level of the frozen @entity7105 trunk was achieved in all @entity1 with dissection. One @entity1 was operated due to @entity731 of the thoracic aorta, and postoperative CT showed successful exclusion of the @entity731 ; this 75-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with IgG4-positive @entity3665 and experienced unexpected @entity1939 after surgery without evidence of emboli or long-term @entity16 upon repeated brain CT. The hybrid open arch repair by the frozen @entity7105 trunk and simultaneous endovascular repair is a feasible choice for one-stage surgery through sternotomy aiming at definitive treatment of extended thoracic aortic pathology. However, systematic evaluation of @entity32 may reveal concealed @entity3665 affecting postoperative outcome and need for long-term surveillance.

title: Aiming at one-stage corrective surgery for extended XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic dilatation']


abstract: Male piglets are castrated to reduce boar taint and also to reduce aggressive and sexual behaviour. However, the procedure as traditionally performed is painful and negatively affects performance. Large-scale results about the consequences of implementing alternatives on farms are lacking. We, therefore, investigated the practical applicability of the following five alternatives that can be implemented in the short term: surgical castration (1) without @entity158 relief (CONT, control group), (2) with @entity1337 (MET, Metacam, 0.2 ml, 10 to 15 min before castration), (3) with general anaesthesia ( @entity515 , inhalation, 100% @entity515 , 25 s, 3 l/min), (4) vaccination against boar taint (IM, two injections with Improvac) and (5) production of entire males (EM). The study consisted of the following two trials: (1) an experimental farm trial with 18 animals/treatment and (2) a large field trial on 20 farms with ~120 male @entity1707 /farm per treatment and all treatments performed on each farm. Performance results as well as data on carcass traits, boar taint (hot- @entity68 method) and testes development and weight were collected in both trials. Neither castration nor administration of @entity1337 or anaesthesia had an effect on daily gain of the piglets in the farrowing crates (P>0.05). Farmer records indicated that mortality in the farrowing crates (1.1%), nursery pens (1.8%) and fattening stable (2.2%) was not influenced by MET or @entity515 compared with EM, IM or CONT (P>0.05). No significant differences were found for daily gain (P>0.05) nor slaughter age (P>0.05). Immunocastrates and EM had a better gain-to-feed ratio (P<0.05) compared with the groups of barrows (CONT, MET and @entity515 ). Lean meat percentage was higher for EM compared with the barrows, and intermediate for IM (P<0.05). Carcass yield was lowest for IM (P<0.05). The hot- @entity68 method indicated that boar taint was eliminated in barrows and IM compared with EM (P<0.001). Average prevalence of strong boar taint was 3% for EM, but varied from 0% to 14% between farms. As the effect of treatment on performance as well as the level of boar taint of EM was farm dependent, farmers should be encouraged to pre-test the different alternatives in order to make a well-considered choice for the best practical and profitable alternative for their farm.

title: Field experience with surgical castration with anaesthesia, XXXX , immunocastration and production of entire male @entity1707 : performance, carcass traits and boar taint prevalence.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnostic value of @entity419 positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) as the first imaging approach in the evaluation of rising @entity787 ( @entity787 ) is not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the value of @entity419 PET/CT in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and suspected recurrence based on rising @entity787 . METHODS: A total of 73 @entity1 with @entity14 were referred to PET/CT after radical surgery. Generally, all @entity1 were scheduled to follow a CT-based post-surgical follow-up regimen. In the case of rising @entity787 , @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT was performed in most @entity1 with contrast-enhanced CT. The PET/CT images were independently reviewed by two readers. The presence or absence of recurrence was based on histology and/or standardized clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Among 35 @entity1 who had confirmed recurrence of @entity14 , PET/CT demonstrated recurrence with a sensitivity of 85.7  %, a specificity of 94.7  %, a positive predictive value of 93.8  %, and a negative predictive value of 87.8  %. The SUVmax ranged from 1.3 to 19.9. The mean time since the last postoperative imaging and PET/CT was 8  months (median 4  months). @entity787 values at referral ranged from 1.5 to 164.0   g/L (median 5.6   g/L). The diagnostic properties of PET/CT were analyzed in subgroups of @entity1 with a single rising @entity787 sample (30 @entity1 , 41  %), 31 @entity1 (43  %) with two or more consecutive increases, and 12 @entity1 (16  %) with persistently elevated values. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8984 -FDG PET/contrast-enhanced CT has high diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of recurrent @entity14 , even in @entity1 in a conventional CT-based follow-up program.

title: Diagnostic value of XXXX PET/CT as first choice in the detection of recurrent @entity14 due to rising @entity787 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-FDG']


abstract: @entity101 heart disease is characterized by early development of @entity1184 and @entity82 that leads to @entity712 ( @entity712 ). @entity712 develops in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) after 18 months; however, it is not clear whether @entity1184 leads to altered cardiac performance at an earlier age in these @entity35 . We studied cardiac performance in 10- to 11-month-old SHR and age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY), using presssure-volume (PV) conductance catheter system to evaluate systolic and diastolic function in vivo at different preloads, including preload recruitable @entity64 work (PRSW), +dP/dt, and its relation to end-diastolic volume (+dP/dt-EDV) and preload-adjusted maximal power (PWR(max)-EDV(2)) as well as the time constant of left ventricular pressure decay, tau (tau), as an index of relaxation. The slope of the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation (EDPVR) and the ex vivo PV relation, both indexes of stiffness, were also calculated for each heart, and the Doppler E/A ratio was determined. In addition, plasma samples were obtained to assess B-type natriuretic peptide levels (BNP). We found that PRSW was higher in SHR than in WKY (174.5+/-15.6 versus 92.6+/-18.9 mm Hg; P<0.01). +dP/dt and +dP/dt-EDV were also enhanced in SHR versus WKY (9125+/-662 versus 6633+/-392 mm Hg/sec, P<0.01, and 28.14+/-4.35 versus 12.7+/-2.8 mm Hg/s per micro L, P<0.02). In addition, PWR-EDV(2) was elevated in SHR (7.3+/-1.5 versus 3.1+/-0.6 mW/ micro L(2)). Tau was prolonged in SHR (14.5+/-1 ms versus 10.8+/-0.8 for WKY, P<0.02) and EDPVR was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY (0.01+/-0.005 versus 0.004+/-0.001, P<0.05). The ex vivo pressure-volume relation was also steeper for SHR and the E/A ratio was 2.53+/-0.15 for SHR versus 1.67+/-0.08 for WKY (P<0.02). BNP was 45+/-2.5 pg/mL for SHR and 33.3+/-1.8 pg/mL for WKY (P<0.02). Taken together, these data suggest that at 10 to 11 months of age, before @entity712 develops, SHR have increased systolic performance accompanied by delayed relaxation and increased diastolic stiffness.

title: Increased systolic performance with diastolic dysfunction in adult spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To assess the economic cost of @entity1118 in Ireland, information was gathered from 140 @entity1 with @entity1118 . Direct and indirect costs attributable to @entity1118 and medical conditions of which @entity1118 was a feature were recorded retrospectively for 12 months. Mean cost per @entity1118 @entity1 was estimated at    5,665 per year across all grades of @entity158 , with mean costs increasing according to the severity of @entity158 . A small proportion of @entity1 account for the bulk of costs-the top 5% most expensive @entity1 accounted for 26.4% of costs, with a mean cost per @entity1 of    29,936, and the 10% most expensive @entity1 were responsible for 42.8% of all costs. Total cost for individuals aged 20 and above was estimated at    5.34 billion per year, or 2.86% of Irish GDP in 2008. Those with clinically elevated @entity308 scores had costs that were twice as high as @entity1 who scored below the @entity308 cut-off score. @entity1118 services in Ireland are generally underresourced. Improved coordination and better management of @entity1 via @entity158 rehabilitation program is essential and may offer a means of reducing the sizeable economic burden of @entity1118 . PERSPECTIVE: The cost of @entity1118 per @entity1 was    5,665 per year extrapolated to    5.34 billion or 2.86% of @entity3006 per year. Those with clinically significant @entity308 had costs twice as high as those without @entity308 . The significant burden of @entity1118 highlights the need for cost effective interventions to reduce long-term disability.

title: The economic cost of chronic XXXX in Ireland: results from the PRIME study, part 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'interdisciplinary pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['noncancer pain']


abstract: Current approaches for the therapy of @entity2 , the majority of which being advanced @entity5 , have failed to impact on long term survival. The key to improvement lies in the combination of early diagnosis and the introduction of novel targeted therapies. In this article we review some of the innovative approaches, both imaging and molecular, that are currently under investigation for early detection. Because @entity2 may arise in the central or peripheral compartments of the lung, newer approaches must target @entity5 arising in both of these compartments. Specimens available for analysis include sputa and blood. Detection of genetic changes in peripheral blood is a promising avenue being explored by several groups. Molecular techniques discussed include gene mutations, detection of nuclear riboprotein, methylation related silencing of genes and @entity5 associated changes. Newer imaging technologies include autofluorescence bronchoscopy, virtual bronchoscopy, optical coherent tomography and confocal microscopy. Although the impact of these new technologies on survival has not been determined, they offer a wide range of exciting new approaches. In time they may completely revamp the present highly conservative and unsuccessful approaches to early diagnosis.

title: Innovative molecular and imaging approaches for the detection of XXXX and its precursor lesions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kazakhstan is highly endemic for @entity8434 . Both @entity12047 and @entity2328 are widely distributed in the country. Official records of @entity1 @entity8434 over the past 5-10 years suggest a stable incidence of approximately 800-1000 cases per year, which is 5 cases per 100,000 per year. This followed a rapid increase in the incidence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Between 2007 and 2013, 5949 cases were reported in the national surveillance data. The prevalence in @entity742 , based on slaughterhouse studies, suggests that between 30 and 50% of @entity742 are infected with hydatid cysts, while @entity291 have a prevalence of approximately 7%. Rural @entity235 have a high prevalence of infection of between 5 and 10%, with shepherd @entity235 having prevalences of over 20%. G1 and G6/7 strains of @entity12047 have been isolated from @entity235 in Kazakhstan. Wolves are also infected, with one prevalence estimate of approximately 20%. The incidence of @entity1 @entity4281 is less clear, although estimates from Kazakhstani expatriates living in Germany and the hospital records of a single referral centre in Almaty suggest 34 or 130 cases per year (or an annual incidence of 0.20 or 0.76 cases per 100,000), respectively, could be occurring in Kazakhstan. Studies suggest that in some rural @entity235 populations the prevalence may be about 5%. The parasite is widely distributed in foxes and small mammals through much of Kazakhstan.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Kazakhstan: an update.

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['cystic echinococcosis', 'echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

entities_list: @entity2328 :: ('6211', 'Species') :: ['E. multilocularis']

entities_list: @entity4281 :: ('MESH:C536591', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar echinococcosis']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['echinococcosis']


abstract: OBJECT: The effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) and stent placement for @entity850 of the petrous or cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were compared. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with symptomatic, greater than 60% @entity850 of the petrous or cavernous portion of the ICA were treated using @entity865 or stent placement; 15 were treated with @entity865 and nine with stent insertion. Initial and follow-up results (> 3 months posttreatment) were compared in each group. Stenotic portions of the ICA were successfully opened in 13 of 15 @entity1 in the @entity865 group, and in all nine @entity1 in the stent-treated group. In one case in the @entity865 group stent delivery was attempted; however, the device could not pass through the vessel's tortuous curve, and @entity865 alone was performed in this case. Postoperatively, the mean stenotic ratio decreased from 72.1 to 29.6% in the @entity865 group, and from 75.6 to 2.2% in the stent-treated group. In four @entity1 in the @entity865 group, stenoses greater than 50% were demonstrated on follow-up angiography performed at 3 to 6 months after @entity865 . In the stent-treated group, no @entity256 was encountered, although in one case acute occlusion of the stent occurred; the device was recanalized with @entity865 and infusion of tissue plasminogen activator. This case was the only one of the 24 in which any @entity51 related to the endovascular procedure occurred. Stent placement brought a greater gain in diameter than did @entity865 at the initial and late follow-up period; this gain was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Stent placement is more effective than @entity865 for @entity850 of the petrous or cavernous portion of the ICA from the viewpoint of initial and late gain in diameter.

title: Endovascular therapy for XXXX of the petrous or cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty compared with stent placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3054 ( @entity3054 ) is considered to be a disease predominantly affecting young males. The risk of @entity1 becoming symptomatic if they are carriers of a primary mutation is 1/5 of that in males. The disease however appears to behave differently in @entity1 in some instances. We describe three cases of ladies with @entity3054 and discuss the importance of making the diagnosis. CASE REPORTS: A 28-year-old female presented with blurring of vision in her left eye with bilateral small hyperemic discs and telangiectatic vessels adjacent to them. DNA analysis confirmed the 11778 mutation and the second eye remains unaffected 10 years later. The second case was 49 years old and presented with bilateral @entity227 developing over 3 months. She had no family history of @entity227 but had a past history of @entity3153 and 3460 mutation was confirmed. The last case was diagnosed with @entity15 at age 24 and went on to develop @entity227 with poor recovery. DNA analysis demonstrated the 11778 mutation and confirmed @entity3054 . CONCLUSIONS: All three cases, although not unique, posed considerable diagnostic difficulties over a long period of time. The authors have highlighted important associations of the disease and stress the importance of making the diagnosis in @entity1 . They are at increased risk of having affected @entity1 , unlike the affected males, especially if they are affected themselves and may wish to seek further genetic advice.

title: Ladies with XXXX : an atypical disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity3054 :: ('MESH:D029242', 'Disease') :: ["Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy", 'LHON']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolf Parkinson White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity3054 :: (MESH:D029242,Disease) :: ['Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2012 is a complex disease characterized by @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) excess originating in most cases from a @entity977 . The goals of treatment include removing the @entity5 or reducing @entity5 burden, normalizing GH secretion and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels, and preserving normal pituitary function if possible. Surgery by an experienced neurosurgeon is still considered first-line therapy, especially in cases with small @entity5 . In the last few decades, significant progress in the development of selective pharmacologic agents has greatly facilitated the management of active @entity2012 , with agents such as @entity1943 -receptor ligands (SRLs), @entity9045 antagonists, and @entity935 agonists. In addition to adjuvant treatment, pre-operative medical therapy and primary therapy in de novo @entity1 are increasingly employed. METHODS: A United States National Library of Medicine PubMed search (through July 2014) was conducted for the following terms: @entity2012 , pre-operative medical therapy, @entity1943 -receptor ligands, and @entity1943 analogs. Articles not in English and those not in peer-reviewed journals were excluded. In reviewing pertinent articles, focus was placed on biochemical and other postoperative outcomes of medical therapy. RESULTS: An analysis of the full effect of pre-operative use of SRLs on surgical outcomes (remission rates and @entity532 ) is limited by heterogeneity of methodology, low overall surgical cure rates, and different study designs. The assumption that @entity7217 use prior to surgery reduces peri-operative surgical risk has yet to be proven. A variable degree of @entity5 shrinkage with preoperative SRLs is observed. Likewise, @entity7217 treatment 3 months before surgery may improve surgical remission rates in the short term; however, positive results do not persist in the long term. CONCLUSION: We consider that medical therapy before surgery could play a role in carefully selected @entity1 , but treatment should be individualized. Primary medical therapy with a @entity7217 may be considered in @entity1 with macroadenomas without local mass effects on the optic chiasm, as SRLs have been shown to reduce @entity5 size and control @entity2124 hypersecretion. However, the data are insufficient to support general use of a @entity7217 prior to surgery in order to improve post-surgery biochemical outcomes. Theoretically, @entity1 with severe @entity299 due to @entity2012 could potentially benefit from pre-operative SRLs in order to reduce peri-operative morbidity. Further investigation and investment in large randomized long-term clinical trials are needed to define the precise role and duration of pre-surgical medical treatment in @entity2012 @entity1 . ABBREVIATIONS: @entity2124 = @entity2124 IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 MRI = magnetic resonance imaging @entity7217 = @entity1943 -receptor ligand.

title: AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY DISEASE STATE CLINICAL REVIEW: MANAGEMENT OF ACROMEGALY XXXX : WHAT IS THE ROLE OF PRE-OPERATIVE MEDICAL THERAPY?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['peri-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: @entity302 surgery can be divided into two categories, resective and disconnective procedures. The former includes lesionectomy, corticectomy, and lobectomy. The latter comprises @entity18489 ( @entity18489 ), corpus callosotomy, and hemispherotomy. In this presentation, the preoperative diagnosis and surgical outcomes of temporal lobectomy and @entity18489 will be illustrated. @entity1315 is one of the most common @entity410 in adult intractable @entity302 . Noninvasive preoperative evaluation, including analysis of @entity410 semiology, repetitive scalp EEG, and MR imaging, can definitely localize the @entity410 focus, without depending on invasive monitoring, in 70% of the cases. @entity410 outcome after temporal lobectomy is generally satisfactory, with 70% @entity410 -free and > 90% significantly improved. However, verbal @entity2730 is an unavoidable sequela when the focus is on the speech-dominant side and preoperative MRI reveals little or no hippocampal @entity194 . @entity18489 is an epoch-making surgical technique by which surgical treatment of eloquent cortex has become possible. In cases with @entity302 treated by @entity18489 alone or combined with corticectomy, 80% showed significant improvement, that is compatible with reported outcomes of corticectomy. @entity18489 can be also applied to treatments of extensive @entity302 foci, Rasmussen's @entity198 , or @entity12924 .

title: [Surgical treatment for intractable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity12924 :: ('MESH:D018887', 'Disease') :: ['Landau-Kleffner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity18489 :: ('MESH:D020221', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'multiple subpial transection']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'neocortical epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal African Trypanosomosis particularly affects @entity291 and dramatically impairs livestock development in sub-Saharan Africa. African @entity7040 (AFZ) or European taurine breeds usually die of the disease in the absence of treatment, whereas West @entity63989 ( @entity63989 ), considered trypanotolerant, are able to control the pathogenic effects of trypanosomosis. Up to now, only one @entity63989 breed, the longhorn N'Dama (NDA), has been largely studied and is considered as the reference trypanotolerant breed. Shorthorn @entity2226 trypanotolerance has never been properly assessed and compared to NDA and AFZ breeds. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study compared the trypanotolerant/susceptible phenotype of five West African local breeds that differ in their demographic history. Thirty-six individuals belonging to the longhorn taurine NDA breed, two shorthorn taurine Lagune (LAG) and Baoul   (BAO) breeds, the @entity7040 Fulani (ZFU) and the Borgou (BOR), an admixed breed between @entity63989 and AFZ, were infected by Trypanosoma congolense IL1180. All the @entity291 were genetically characterized using dense SNP markers, and parameters linked to parasitaemia, @entity417 and leukocytes were analysed using synthetic variables and mixed models. We showed that LAG, followed by NDA and BAO, displayed the best control of @entity417 . ZFU showed the greatest @entity417 and the BOR breed had an intermediate value, as expected from its admixed origin. Large differences in leukocyte counts were also observed, with higher leukocytosis for @entity63989 . Nevertheless, no differences in parasitaemia were found, except a tendency to take longer to display detectable parasites in ZFU. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that LAG and BAO are as trypanotolerant as NDA. This study highlights the value of shorthorn taurine breeds, which display strong local adaptation to trypanosomosis. Thanks to further analyses based on comparisons of the genome or transcriptome of the breeds, these results open up the way for better knowledge of host-pathogen interactions and, furthermore, for identifying key biological pathways.

title: A Comparison of Phenotypic Traits Related to Trypanotolerance in Five West African XXXX Breeds Highlights the Value of Shorthorn Taurine Breeds.

entities_list: @entity63989 :: ('OMIM:109660', 'Disease') :: ['African taurine breeds', 'AFT']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cattle']


abstract: The paper presents the results of operative treatment of complicated @entity1790 in 22 @entity1 . Organ-saving operations were made in exacerbation of @entity2885 with @entity8769 , severe @entity177 with hyperazotemia. Partial nephrolithotomy (semisectional), sectional nephrolithotomy, resection of the kidney and coral calculus and calicolithotomy were made in 10, 1, 5 and 1 @entity1 , respectively. As a rule, nephrolithotomy was completed with renal drainage by nephrostomy. After resection of a @entity8 was not necessary. @entity260 did not occur. These occur only in 2 @entity1 with bilateral coral calculi after nephrolithotomy and pyelolithotomy ( @entity9132 ). To correct them, nephrostomy was made. One lethal outcome was caused by @entity65 . The above surgery led to normalization of @entity1568 -eliminating function of the operated kidney, elimination of intoxication and improvement of the @entity1 's condition. Efficiency of the above operations recommends allows to recommend them for treatment of severe @entity1790 .

title: [Surgical treatment of complicated forms of coral-like XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal segment nephrostomy']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['coral nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9132 :: ('MESH:D014548', 'Disease') :: ['urinary fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular failure']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['pyoseptic intoxication']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: Increased scrotal temperature can, in experimental settings, markedly disturb the production of semen. @entity1442 may increase the temperature of the scrotum, but previous studies have failed to determine whether changes in scrotal temperature caused by @entity1442 do affect semen quality. This study was carried out to elucidate the possible harmful effects of sedentary work on sperm count and other semen characteristics. In 1981-1983 a semen sample was obtained from 3119 @entity1 who attended an @entity249 workup in one of four Danish fertility centres. A total of 2517 @entity1 returned a postal questionnaire with information on life style, leisure time activities, occupational history and job duties. Information on job specific work position was obtained from The Danish Work Environment Cohort study 1990 (DWECS). In this analysis DWECS data for a total of 1747 @entity1 was included from @entity1 aged 18-39 years with >30 h of work per week. For all job titles represented in the DWECS, the mean proportion of sedentary work was estimated. The sperm cell concentration was 30.6 million/mL among @entity1 in the quintile with lowest job specific sedentary work compared with 40.5 million/mL in the highest quintile. The difference was, however, not statistically significant. Stratification on @entity249 period, educational level of the @entity1 , fertility centre, and fertility-related disease of the spouse did not influence the results. The analyses do not suggest that sedentary work is a risk factor for abnormal semen characteristics.

title: Semen quality and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Sedentary work position', 'sedentary work actually']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity1442 :: (MESH:D020178,Disease) :: ['sedentary work position']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess appropriate antimicrobial therapy as an outcome determinant in severe @entity295 and @entity326 using the number needed to treat. DESIGN: Single-center cohort study (January 2008 to December 2012). SETTING: One thousand two hundred fifty-bed academic hospital. @entity1 : Two thousand five hundred ninety-four @entity1 with positive blood culture. INTERVENTIONS: We retrospectively identified @entity1 with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . Inappropriate antimicrobial treatment was defined as an antimicrobial regimen that lacked in vitro activity against the isolated pathogen. Information regarding demographics, severity of illness, comorbidities, microbiology, and antimicrobial treatment was recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and inappropriate treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Seven hundred eighty-seven @entity1 (30.3%) were nonsurvivors. Inappropriate antimicrobial treatment had the greatest adjusted odds ratio for hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.8-4.1; p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified resistance to @entity6944 , resistance to meropenem, presence of multidrug resistance, nonabdominal surgery, and prior antibiotic use as being independently associated with the administration of inappropriate antimicrobial treatment. For the entire cohort, the number needed to treat with appropriate antimicrobial therapy to prevent one @entity1 @entity204 was 4.0 (95% CI, 3.7-4.3). The prevalence-adjusted pathogen-specific number needed to treat (PNNT) with appropriate antimicrobial therapy to prevent one @entity1 @entity204 was lowest for multidrug-resistant bacteria (PNNT = 20) followed by Candida species (PNNT = 34), @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 (PNNT = 38), @entity796 (PNNT = 38), @entity526 (PNNT = 40), and @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 (PNNT = 47). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the importance of appropriate antimicrobial treatment as a determinant of outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 . Our analyses suggest that improved targeting of empiric antimicrobials for multidrug-resistant bacteria, Candida species, @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 , and @entity796 would have the greatest impact in reducing mortality from inappropriate antimicrobial treatment in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 .

title: Using the number needed to treat to assess appropriate antimicrobial therapy as a determinant of outcome in severe XXXX and @entity326 *.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The glucocorticoids (GC) and @entity4878 (RA) modulate branching morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation in the developing lung. We investigated downstream target genes that link glucocorticoid stimulation to the achievement of a mature lung in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) knockout @entity19 . All GR(null) @entity19 and approximately 80% of @entity19 homozygous for a hypomorphic allele (GR(hypo)) die shortly after birth of @entity1576 . cDNA microarray analysis showed organ-specific upregulation of the @entity1968 responsive gene @entity13438 ( @entity13438 ) and its chondroitin- @entity597 binding partner PG-M/versican at fetal day 18 and at neonatal day 1 in lungs of GR(hypo) @entity19 , and at neonatal day 1 in lungs of GR(null) @entity19 . By contrast, lung @entity13438 and PG-M/versican were downregulated in these @entity19 at fetal day 16.5. In situ hybridization studies showed a dramatic decrease in @entity13438 and PG-M/versican RNA between days 16.5 and 17.5 in GR( @entity7097 ) but not in GR(null) @entity19 . Continued diffuse and robust expression of @entity13438 protein was observed in GR(null) @entity19 at neonatal day 1. These findings suggest that @entity13438 may contribute to the dysmature lung phenotype in GR-deficient @entity19 . Exposure of cultured day 21 fetal @entity35 lung cells to GC downregulated MK, whereas RA enhanced MK expression. Our findings demonstrate the coincident modulation of expression of @entity13438 at the same developmental time point by both GC and RA, providing a potential mechanism for the integration of GC and RA effects on fetal lung development.

title: The growth factor XXXX is modulated by both glucocorticoid and retinoid in fetal lung development.

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity13438 :: (17242(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['midkine']


abstract: Abstract Visceral @entity56 may contribute to symptoms in functional @entity2210 . Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be @entity344 . The aim of this study was to determine whether the SSRI @entity3756 affects gastric sensitivity and compliance in healthy @entity1 . Ten healthy @entity1 completed a 6-week randomized, double-blind, crossover trial of @entity3756 (50 mg day(-1)) vs. placebo. After each 2-week treatment, fullness, @entity158 and @entity390 were rated at increasing gastric barostat distending pressures. Sensation thresholds above minimal distending pressure (MDP) were determined with a tracking method. Somatic sensory testing was performed by hand immersion in ice water. No differences were found between @entity3756 and placebo for symptoms as a function of distending pressure (fullness, P = 0.72; @entity158 , P = 0.79; @entity390 , P = 0.41), gastric compliance (P = 0.15), median and interquartile range thresholds for first sensation [4.1 (3.5-5.7) vs. 6.2 (3.3-10.0) mmHg above MDP, P = 0.19] and @entity158 [15.2 (8.3-21.0) vs. 15.3 (10.3-19.8) mmHg above MDP, P = 0.85], and median tolerance times for hand ice water immersion [27 (19-99) vs. 29 (20-180) s, P = 0.73]. In conclusion, @entity3756 had no effect on gastric sensitivity or compliance, or somatic @entity158 tolerance in healthy @entity1 . Studies are needed to assess the effects of SSRIs on visceral sensation and clinical symptoms in @entity1 with functional @entity2210 .

title: Effect of the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor XXXX on gastric sensitivity and compliance in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['beneficial in functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We evaluated the relationship between total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and pregnancy outcome in a prospective cohort study focusing on @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). Sixty @entity1 with @entity1592 and twenty with normal singleton pregnancy were enrolled during their third trimester. @entity1 were followed up for 6 months. Blood samples were obtained from pregnant @entity1 during the third trimester; cord blood samples were also taken. Six months after birth, blood samples were obtained from @entity1 . Demographic and baseline characteristics were compared between groups. Birth weight, length and head circumference of neonates in the @entity1592 group were lower than those in the control group. Total serum IgE level was significantly increased in third-trimester pregnant @entity1 with @entity1592 compared with normal group (P < 0.05). However, this trend was not observed in the cord blood at birth or peripheral blood of 6-month-old @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity483 between the 2 groups was similar. Linear regression analysis revealed that the IgE level in the third trimester was negatively correlated with birth weight (P < 0.05). Higher serum IgE level in the cord blood was significantly associated with an increased risk of being small for gestational age (P < 0.05). In conclusion, IgE levels in the third trimester of pregnancy and cord blood are strongly related to birth outcomes of @entity1592 .

title: Serum immunoglobulin E level and its impact on the pregnancy outcome associated with XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['fetal growth restriction', 'FGR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['fetal growth restriction']


abstract: The effects of protein and energy intakes by primiparous sows during a 28-d lactation on @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1133 concentrations in blood serum of sows, and sow and litter performance were examined in two experiments. Dietary treatments were protein intakes of 380 (LP) and 760 ( @entity4306 ) g of crude protein X sow-1 X d-1 and energy intakes of 8 (LE) and 16 (HE) Mcal of metabolizable energy (ME) X sow-1 X d-1 in a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 1 (34 sows), neither protein nor energy intake affected serum T4 concentrations. In both experiments, serum @entity1133 concentrations during lactation were influenced by both protein (P less than .001) and energy (P less than .001) intakes. In Exp. 2 (221 sows), sows fed LP or LE lost more weight (P less than .001) during lactation than sows fed either @entity4306 or HE. Backfat loss was greater (P less than .001) in sows fed diets of LE than HE, whereas sows fed @entity4306 lost more backfat (P = .016) than sows fed LP. @entity1707 weights on d 28 were influenced by both protein (P less than .001) and energy (P = .038), with sows that were provided high intakes of either protein or energy having heavier @entity1707 . Litter weight at weaning was heavier (P less than .005) for sows consuming @entity4306 . Sows fed LP had larger litters at d 14 (P = .051) and 28 (P = .046) than sows fed @entity4306 . Sow energy intake had no effect on litter size or weight. Percentages of sows in estrus by 7, 14 and 35 d postweaning were higher (P less than .004, P less than .030 and P less than .060, respectively) for sows fed @entity4306 than LP, whereas sow energy intakes had no effect on the interval from weaning to first estrus.

title: Effect of protein and energy intake by primiparous sows during lactation on sow and litter performance and sow serum @entity1955 and XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein-energy wasting is common in @entity1 with @entity454 . However, few studies have examined the relationship between early stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and @entity6288 . METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011. In total, 11,625 subjects aged 40 years or older who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were analyzed. @entity6288 was defined based on values of appendicular skeletal muscle mass as a percentage of body weight (ASM/Wt) two standard deviations below the gender-specific mean for young adults. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were calculated using the @entity740 -EPI equation. RESULTS: Mean age, body mass index (BMI), and HOMA-IR were higher and caloric intake, physical activity, and @entity560 level were lower in the @entity6288 groups in both @entity1 and @entity1 . As the stage of @entity740 increased, the prevalence of @entity6288 increased, even in the early stages of @entity740 (normal and CKD1, 2, and 3-5: 2.6%, 5.6%, and 18.1% in @entity1 and 5.3%, 7.1%, and 12.6% in @entity1 , respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, a correlation analysis showed that GFR and ASM/Wt had significant correlations in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for age, BMI, caloric intake, log(physical activity), @entity560 level, and log(HOMA-IR), showed that the odds ratio for @entity6288 with respect to @entity740 3-5 was 1.93 (95% CI = 1.02-3.68) in @entity1 but was not statistically significant in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity6288 was higher in elderly Korean @entity1 with even mildly reduced kidney function. Stage of @entity740 was associated with an increased prevalence of @entity6288 in @entity1 but not @entity1 . Thus, we should evaluate the risk of @entity6288 and work to prevent it, even in @entity1 with early @entity740 .

title: Relationship between Stage of @entity740 and XXXX in Korean Aged 40 Years and Older Using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV-2, 3, and V-1, 2), 2008-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenia']


abstract: After @entity1746 and surgery, @entity1 are often advised to restrict weight bearing on the affected limb. Conventional training methods are not effective at enabling @entity1 to comply with recommendations for partial weight bearing. The current study assessed a novel method of using real-time haptic (vibratory/vibrotactile) biofeedback to improve compliance with instructions for partial weight bearing. Thirty healthy, asymptomatic @entity1 were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: verbal instruction, bathroom scale training, and haptic biofeedback. @entity1 were instructed to restrict @entity1746 weight bearing in a walking boot with crutches to 25 lb, with an acceptable range of 15 to 35 lb. A custom weight bearing sensor and biofeedback system was attached to all @entity1 , but only those in the haptic biofeedback group were given a vibrotactile signal if they exceeded the acceptable range. Weight bearing in all groups was measured with a separate validated commercial system. The verbal instruction group bore an average of 60.3  30.5 lb (mean  standard deviation). The bathroom scale group averaged 43.8  17.2 lb, whereas the haptic biofeedback group averaged 22.4  9.1 lb (P<.05). As a percentage of body weight, the verbal instruction group averaged 40.2  19.3%, the bathroom scale group averaged 32.5  16.9%, and the haptic biofeedback group averaged 14.5  6.3% (P<.05). In this initial evaluation of the use of haptic biofeedback to improve compliance with @entity1746 partial weight bearing, haptic biofeedback was superior to conventional physical therapy methods. Further studies in @entity1 with clinical orthopedic @entity130 are warranted.

title: Haptic biofeedback for improving compliance with XXXX partial weight bearing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity', 'lower-extremity orthopedic trauma']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['lower-extremity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is associated with an increased risk of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and an evolving management approach. The aims of this study were to assess the polyp burden reduction over time, and the incidence of @entity14 in serrated @entity1412 @entity1 undergoing community surveillance. METHODS: This is an observational study based on prospectively collected data. A total of 96 @entity1412 @entity1 with no personal history of @entity14 were prospectively enrolled in a surveillance program under the guidance of a tertiary center. @entity1 underwent surveillance colonoscopy in multiple centres across New Zealand. RESULTS: @entity1 underwent a median of four colonoscopies with a median interval of 15 months over a median follow-up period of 4.8 years. Five of 96 @entity1 (5%) were referred for surgery, and the remaining 91 were managed by colonoscopy alone. In @entity1 referred for surgery, 92% of the surveillance intervals to the fourth colonoscopy had been <= 12 months compared to 33% (P<0.001) in the colonoscopy only group, and all five (100%) had >= 20 pancolonic @entity1127 after four procedures compared with only 5/91 (5%) in those managed by colonoscopy alone. In @entity1 successfully managed by colonoscopy, 86% had <10 pancolonic @entity1127 , >75% no longer had @entity1127 >= 10mm and >90% no longer had proximal serrated @entity1127 >= 10mm after the fourth colonoscopy. No @entity1 were found to develop @entity14 during the study time period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1412 were managed by proactive surveillance colonoscopy in wider hospital settings under tertiary centre guidance, with only 5% requiring surgical management. No @entity14 was diagnosed in any @entity1 during surveillance.

title: Reducing the polyp burden in serrated XXXX by serial colonoscopy: the impact of nationally coordinated community surveillance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['Serrated polyposis syndrome', 'polyposis', 'SPS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['polyposis']


abstract: The physiological role of the renin angiotensin @entity1369 system (RAAS) is to maintain the integrity of the cardiovascular system. The effect of @entity2178 is mediated via the angiotensin type I receptor ( @entity7743 ) resulting in vasoconstriction, @entity1372 retention and myocyte growth changes. This causes myocardial remodeling which eventually leads to left @entity67 . Inhibition of the RAAS with @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors after acute @entity583 has been shown to reduce @entity65 and mortality. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) specifically inhibit the @entity7743 receptor. It has not been known until the performance of the VALIANT ( @entity917 in acute @entity583 trial) whether blockade of the angiotensin receptor with an @entity11882 or combination of an @entity1289 inhibitor and @entity11882 leads to similar outcomes as an @entity1289 inhibitor. The VALIANT trial demonstrated equal efficacy and non-inferiority of the @entity11882 @entity917 160 mg bid compared with @entity3371 50 mg tds, when administered to high risk @entity1 with left @entity67 or @entity712 in the immediate post @entity583 period. The combination therapy showed no incremental benefit over @entity1289 inhibition or an @entity11882 alone and resulted in increased adverse effects. This review examines the role of @entity917 in left @entity67 post @entity583 . We also discuss pharmacokinetics, dosing, side effects, and usage in the elderly.

title: @entity917 in the treatment of XXXX or left @entity67 after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy, dilation and dysfunction', 'ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To decide whether partial nail extraction with phenolisation or with partial excision of the matrix should be the standard treatment in @entity1 with @entity18658 of the hallux. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial with 12-month follow-up evaluations performed by observers who did not know which procedure was applied. SETTING: Outpatient department of a surgical teaching hospital. @entity1 : Fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with a total of 63 @entity18658 were randomized. INTERVENTION: Thirty-four partial matrix excisions ("matrix" group) and 29 phenolizations (" @entity3971 " group) were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrence rate, postoperative morbidity ( @entity158 , wound exudates, and scar discomfort), and time to complete recovery (wearing shoes, performing normal activities/work). RESULTS: Recurrences were seen after 7 procedures in the matrix group and also after 7 procedures in the @entity3971 group, of which @entity1 were symptomatic and required a second operation in 4 and 3 instances, respectively. None of the observed differences in wound healing, @entity282 , and recovery were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Partial matrix excision and phenolization are equally effective in treating @entity18658 . Because the use of the toxic agent @entity3971 should be avoided, partial matrix excision is the preferable procedure. But in view of the high recurrence rate, there is a need for further improvement of the treatment of @entity18658 .

title: Partial matrix excision or segmental phenolization for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity18658 :: ('MESH:C564384', 'Disease') :: ['ingrowing toenails']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity18658 :: (MESH:C564384,Disease) :: ['ingrowing toenails']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity64394 ( @entity64394 ) is expressed in @entity35 @entity989 ( @entity989 ) cells, to evaluate whether inhibition of @entity64394 contributes to initiation of @entity989 cells into an active state, and to investigate the signaling pathways involved in this process. METHODS: @entity35 retinas were detached by trans-scleral injection of 1.4% sodium hyaluronate into the subretinal space. Immunocytochemistry evaluated the expression of @entity64394 in @entity989 cells located at normal and detached retinas. From the cultured @entity989 cells treated with TCS-401, cell proliferation was assessed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetracolium bromide assay, and the protein expression levels of cyclin A and @entity12003 were determined. The effect of TCS-401 on cell differentiation was confirmed by immunostaining for a-smooth muscle actin and by western blot. Cell migration activity and @entity64394 signaling mechanism were determined. Migration Assay was used to evaluate cell migration activity. @entity64394 signaling mechanism was determined by use of PD98059 and LY294002. RESULTS: @entity64394 was expressed in the @entity989 layer of the normal retina. After @entity1713 , weak immunolabeling of @entity64394 was seen in the @entity989 cells. TCS-401 promoted the proliferation and expression of cyclin A and @entity12003 in @entity989 cells. TCS-401 induced @entity989 cells to differentiate toward better contractility and motility. A migration assay proved that inhibiting @entity64394 improved the migratory activity of @entity989 cells. TCS-401 activated @entity2509 ( @entity2509 ) and protein kinase B ( @entity2308 ) phosphorylation. Pretreatment with PD98059 and LY294002 abolished TCS-401-induced activation of @entity2509 , @entity2308 , cell proliferation, and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64394 may be involved in regulating the active state of @entity989 cells. The inhibition of @entity64394 promoted the proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and migration of @entity989 cells, and MEK/ @entity2509 and @entity21203 / @entity2308 signaling pathways played important roles in the proliferation and migration process.

title: XXXX regulates the activity of retinal pigment epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity64394 :: ('24697(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B', 'PTP1B']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2509 :: ('24338(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'Erk']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

answer: @entity64394 :: (24697(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find out the frequency of PSA bouncing and the factors effecting PSA bounce after external beam radiation treatment (EBRT) with or without @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for @entity263 and to identify any possible relationship with biochemical control. METHODS: Between March 1997 and November 2000, 72 consecutive @entity1 with clinically localised @entity263 were treated by EBRT with or without @entity34 . All @entity1 had a pretreatment PSA level, at least six post-treatment PSA levels and minimum two years of follow-up. Median follow-up for all @entity1 was 51 months (range 25-69 months). Median radiation dose given to the center of the prostate was 70Gy (range 63-74Gy). Fifty-nine @entity1 (82%) received adjuvant @entity34 with median duration of six months. PSA bounce was defined as a minimal rise of 0.4ng/ml over six months (monthly rise > or =0.07 ng/ml), followed by any decrease. Biochemical failure was defined in accordance with the ASTRO consensus guidelines. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (24%) experienced at least one PSA bounce. PSA bounces were more frequent in @entity1 with T1-2 stage, pretreatment PSA <10 ng/ml, small field irradiation, radiation dose < or =70 Gy, PSA nadir > or =0.2 ng/ml and without @entity34 . PSA bounce occurred in 54% of @entity1 treated by EBRT only, and 17% of @entity1 treated by EBRT and @entity34 . Logistic regression model for multivariate analysis revealed the radiation field size as the only independent predictive factor for PSA bounce. Five-year biochemical control rates were 82% for non-bouncers and 88% for bouncers (p=0.5). CONCLUSIONS: PSA bouncing occurs in approximately a quarter of @entity1 treated with EBRT with or without @entity34 . It is associated with pretreatment and treatment characteristics, but we did not observe any relationship with biochemical failure.

title: PSA bouncing after external beam radiation for @entity263 with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hormonal treatment']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['hormonal treatment']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The usefulness of immunohistochemistry to screen for the @entity124 ( @entity124 ) phenotype in @entity356 remains unclear. Moreover, the prognostic value of @entity124 phenotypes in @entity356 has been debated. METHODS: The clinicopathologic parameters and survival outcomes of 203 @entity124 ( @entity124 ) and 261 microsatellite-stable (MSS) advanced @entity356 (AGCs) were compared. Next, we compared the immunohistochemistry results for @entity6756 and @entity4311 with those of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. Kaplan-Meier curves and a Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to conduct survival analyses. RESULTS: The @entity124 AGCs were correlated with older age (p<0.001), female gender (p=0.018), distal location (p<0.001), larger size (p=0.016), and intestinal type (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the @entity124 phenotype was an independent favorable factor that was related to overall survival in @entity1 with AGC (p<0.001). Compared with the PCR-based analysis, immunohistochemistry exhibited high sensitivity (91.1%) and specificity (98.5%) in the detection of @entity124 phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity356 have distinct clinicopathologic features and better prognoses, which suggests the necessity of @entity124 analysis in @entity356 . Immunohistochemistry can be a useful and reliable screening method in the assessment of @entity124 status in @entity356 .

title: Usefulness of Immunohistochemistry for Microsatellite Instability Screening in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI-H', 'MSI', 'microsatellite instability', 'MSI-high']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'MSI-H gastric cancers', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: Sixty-seven @entity1 with @entity116 of otogenic origin were hospitalized at the Mama Yemo hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire over the two-year period from 1975 through 1976. The care of these @entity1 was the same as that for all 620 @entity116 cases admitted during this period. No otologic surgical procedures were performed on this group; nor were any special ear procedures utilized. The survival rate in the otogenic @entity116 group was 83%. The survival rate in the 620 @entity116 admissions was 79%. All 67 @entity1 had evidence of @entity102 media. None of these @entity1 had evidence of otologic complications before, during or for one month after developing @entity116 , other than uncomplicated @entity2972 . @entity2198 did not appear to affect survival rates. Mortality rates were not increased in the 18% of @entity1 who did not receive @entity116 antitoxin. Sedation sufficient to eliminate muscle spasms and maintain the @entity1 sleeping seems to be important in increasing survival rates in @entity116 . The need for tracheotomies appeared to be reduced with the increased sedation. Mortality rates increased among the @entity1 who had tracheotomies. Otologic surgical procedures do not appear to be indicated in the management of @entity1 with otogenic @entity116 .

title: Otogenic XXXX in Zaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['Tetanus antitoxin of 10,000 or 50,000 IU']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 ( @entity884 ) is more frequent in @entity1 on @entity102 ( @entity102 ) than in the general population and vascular access is the more frequent identified port of its entry. According to experimental and clinical studies the vascular access may also interfere with the treatment of @entity884 . To improve the treatment of @entity884 in @entity102 , @entity1 were temporarily switched to @entity298 ( @entity298 ) after the removal of the vascular access. In this preliminary report the outcome of @entity884 in those @entity102 @entity1 switched to @entity298 is compared with the outcome in @entity884 @entity1 who remained on @entity102 . METHODS: All cases of @entity884 that occurred during a 5 year period were retrospectively analysed. The Duke criteria for @entity884 were used for diagnosis. All @entity1 underwent transoesophageal echocardiography. All @entity1 were treated with the same schedule of antibiotic treatment. The vascular access of a @entity1 was removed when it was judged to be the source of @entity281 . RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 were studied. Twelve @entity1 had been temporarily switched to @entity298 after the diagnosis of @entity884 and nine @entity1 had remained on @entity102 treatment. There were not statistically significant differences between the two groups with respect to demographic data, comorbid diseases and the frequency of @entity794 as the causative germ. In-hospital mortality was 8.3% in @entity1 switched to @entity298 and 55.5% in @entity1 maintained on @entity2033 (P: 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: The data presented here suggest that the high mortality of @entity884 in @entity102 @entity1 may also be associated with the vascular access necessary for @entity2033 . If these results are confirmed by prospective studies with higher numbers of @entity1 , @entity298 could turn out to have a place in the treatment of @entity884 in @entity102 @entity1 .

title: @entity884 in XXXX : two treatment strategies.

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic haemodialysis', 'CHD']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'Infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic haemodialysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a well-recognised complication of @entity28 . Non-surgical @entity353 (medical, behavioural and lifestyle interventions) may improve @entity27 outcomes, although long-term weight control remains challenging. Bariatric surgery offers a successful strategy for long-term @entity353 and symptom resolution. OBJECTIVES: To comparatively appraise bariatric surgery vs. non-surgical @entity353 interventions in @entity27 treatment utilising body mass index (BMI) and apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) as objective measures of @entity353 and apnoea severity. METHODS: A systematic literature review revealed 19 surgical (n   =   525) and 20 non-surgical (n   =   825) studies reporting the primary endpoints of BMI and AHI before and after intervention. Data were meta-analysed using random effects modelling. Subgroup analysis, quality scoring and risk of bias were assessed. RESULTS: Surgical @entity1 had a mean pre-intervention BMI of 51.3 and achieved a significant 14  kg/m(2) weighted decrease in BMI (95%CI [11.91, 16.44]), with a 29/h weighted decrease in AHI (95%CI [22.41, 36.74]). Non-surgical @entity1 had a mean pre-intervention BMI of 38.3 and achieved a significant weighted decrease in BMI of 3.1  kg/m(2) (95%CI [2.42, 3.79]), with a weighted decrease in AHI of 11/h (95%CI [7.81, 14.98]). Heterogeneity was high across all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Both bariatric surgery and non-surgical @entity353 may have significant beneficial effects on @entity27 through BMI and @entity353 . However, bariatric surgery may offer markedly greater improvement in BMI and AHI than non-surgical alternatives. Future studies must address the lack of randomised controlled and comparative trials in order to confirm the exact relationship between metabolic surgery and non-surgical @entity353 interventions in @entity27 resolution.

title: Bariatric Surgery or Non-Surgical Weight Loss for XXXX ? A Systematic Review and Comparison of Meta-analyses.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['AHI reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive Sleep Apnoea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic counseling (GC) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) identifies high-risk individuals who benefit from enhanced medical management. Not all individuals undergo @entity74 following GC and understanding the reasons why can impact clinical efficiency, reduce @entity74 costs through appropriate identification of high-risk individuals, and demonstrate the value of pre- @entity74 GC. A collaborative project sponsored by the Michigan Department of Health and @entity1 Services prospectively collects anonymous data on @entity5345 -related GC visits performed by providers in Michigan, including demographics, @entity1 /family @entity5 history, @entity74 results, and reasons for declining @entity74 . From 2008 to 2012, 10,726 @entity1 underwent GC; 3476 (32.4%) did not pursue @entity74 . Primary reasons included: not the best test candidate (28.1%), not clinically indicated (23.3%), and insurance/out of pocket cost concerns (13.6%). @entity1 disinterest was the primary reason for declining in 17.1%. Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns were the primary reason for not testing in 13.4% of untested individuals with private insurance. Among untested individuals with @entity5344 , 22.5% reported insurance/out of pocket cost concerns as the primary reason for not testing and 6.6% failed to meet Medicare criteria. In a five-year time period, nearly one-third of @entity1 who underwent @entity5345 GC did not pursue @entity74 . @entity74 was not indicated in almost half of @entity1 . Insurance/out of pocket cost concerns continue to be barriers.

title: Large, Prospective Analysis of the Reasons XXXX Do Not Pursue @entity5345 Genetic Testing Following Genetic Counseling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and/or ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic testing', 'GT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality rates after @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair with local anesthesia (LA) with intravenous sedation versus general anesthesia (GA). METHODS: Data from @entity1 who underwent elective infrarenal @entity1028 repair between June 1996 and October 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with two or more Eagle clinical cardiac risk factors were considered to be at increased risk for a major postoperative @entity299 . Univariate and multivariate analyses for major cardiac and pulmonary morbidity and mortality rates were analyzed with respect to anesthetic type (GA versus LA), age, size of @entity439 , mean number of Eagle risk factors, and presence of two or more cardiac risk factors. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-nine @entity1 underwent @entity1028 repair. The GA (158 @entity1 ) and LA (71 @entity1 ) groups were significantly different with respect to mean age (73 versus 76 years; P =.01) and mean number of cardiac risk factors per @entity1 (1.2 versus 1.6; P =.002). No difference was seen in the overall cardiopulmonary complication rate (13% for GA and 19% for LA; P =.3), @entity358 rate (3.8% for GA and 7% for LA; P =.3), or cardiopulmonary mortality rate (3.2% for GA and 2.8% for LA; P =.9). The major @entity299 rate was higher in @entity1 with two or more Eagle risk factors (22%) versus those @entity1 with one or less Eagle risk factors (3.4%; P <.001), irrespective of anesthetic type. In analysis of @entity1 with one or less Eagle risk factors, no difference was seen in the major @entity299 rate by anesthetic type (3% for GA and 5% for LA; P =.6). Also, no difference was seen in major @entity299 in @entity1 with two or more Eagle risk factors by anesthetic type (24% for GA and 22% for LA). On multivariate analysis, the mean number of Eagle risk factors per @entity1 (P <.0001) and the presence of two or more Eagle risk factors were associated with major @entity299 , whereas age, size of AAA, and anesthetic type were not. CONCLUSION: No difference exists in overall cardiac and pulmonary morbidity and mortality rates after @entity1028 repair in comparison of GA and LA. The presence of two or more preoperative cardiac risk factors significantly increases the risk of a major postoperative @entity299 .

title: Endovascular XXXX repair with general versus local anesthesia: a comparison of cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event', 'cardiac and cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'EAAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few data from community-based evaluations of outcomes after a life-threatening @entity943 (LTVA). We evaluated @entity1 ' quality of life (QOL) and medical costs after hospitalization and treatment for their first episode of an LTVA. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated QOL by use of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI), Medical Outcomes Study SF-36 mental health and vitality scales, the @entity943 Suppression Trial (CAST) symptom scale, and resource use in @entity1 discharged after a first episode of an LTVA in a managed care population of 2.4 million members. RESULTS: We enrolled 264 subjects with new cases of LTVA. Although functional status initially decreased compared with self-reports of pre-event functional status, both functional status and symptom levels improved significantly during the study period. These improvements were greater in @entity1 receiving an @entity737 ( @entity737 ) than in @entity1 receiving @entity2643 . Ratings of mental health and vitality were not significantly different between the treatment groups and did not change significantly during follow-up. The total 2-year medical costs were higher for @entity1 receiving an @entity737 than for @entity1 receiving @entity2643 , despite lower costs during the follow-up period for the @entity1 receiving an @entity737 . CONCLUSIONS: New onset of an LTVA has a substantial negative initial impact on QOL. With therapy, most @entity1 have improvements in their QOL and symptom level, possibly more so after treatment with an @entity737 . The costs of treating these @entity1 are very high.

title: Life after a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia', 'Cardiac Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Eosinophils are multifunctional leukocytes that are involved in innate and adaptive immune responses through the expression of various receptors and mediators. Previously, we showed that @entity1 eosinophils and T cells shared cytotoxic activities against @entity5 cells that involved the y-   @entity20432 and cell-cell contact. In this study, we investigated the molecules involved in eosinophil- @entity5 cell interactions. Given the role of @entity8923 in cell adhesion and in protecting against @entity694 , we evaluated its role in eosinophil-mediated @entity137 against Colo-205, a @entity1 @entity694 cell line. We found that @entity1 eosinophils exerted dose- and time-dependent tumoricidal activity against Colo-205 cells. Neutralization of @entity8923 significantly reduced eosinophil-mediated Colo-205 apoptosis and inhibited cell-cell adhesion. Moreover, addition of @entity7270 led to upregulation of @entity1453 and @entity2071 adhesion molecules, which were involved in the contact between eosinophils and Colo-205 cells. Our results indicated that @entity8923 was involved in the eosinophil-mediated death of Colo-205 by facilitating contact between effector and target cells. These data underscored the involvement of an additional mediator in eosinophil-mediated antitumor @entity137 . Our findings support existing evidence that eosinophils could play a beneficial role in the context of @entity694 .

title: @entity8923 Is Involved in Eosinophil-Mediated Tumoricidal Activity against a XXXX Cell Line by Upregulating @entity1453 and @entity2071 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Carcinoma']


abstract: Final height (FH), growth velocity after 16 and 18 years of age, and factors predictive for FH were assessed in 60 @entity1 (21-36 years old), whose @entity177 ( @entity177 ) started before the age of 16 years (28 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 ). At 16 years of age, 22 had conservative treatment (CT, group A) and 38 @entity454 [ESRF, group B, which includes 19 receiving hemodialysis (HD) and 19 with a functional renal transplant (RTx)]. None received recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) treatment. FH was lower than in a normal population: 161.6+/-8 cm for males [-2.06+/-1.3 standard deviation score ( @entity214 )] and 154.3+/-8.1 cm for females (-1.4+/-1.4 @entity214 ). FH in group A (-1.15+/-1.4 @entity214 ) was significantly higher than in group B (-2.1+/-1.3 @entity214 ); 45% of all @entity1 (56% of males and 23% of females) had a final height below -2 @entity214 (41% in group A and 47% in group B). FH was reached at 20.2+/-1.8 years in males and 18.8+/-2 years in females. A continuation of growth after 18 years of age was observed in 23 males (71.8%): +5.2 cm (+0.87 @entity214 ) and in 14 females (50%): +1.75 cm (+0.3 @entity214 ). However, this partial recovery concerned mainly @entity1 with an @entity851 . A higher height at enrolment or at ESRF was significantly associated with a higher FH, whereas a longer period of ESRF had a significantly negative effect. In conclusion, all efforts should be made to diagnose @entity177 as early as possible and to try to improve growth before ESRF and RTx. Early institution of rhGH therapy should improve FH and improve the chance of achieving near-normal adult height in most @entity1 .

title: Final height in @entity1 with XXXX who have not received @entity2124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['important growth deficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was done to compare the admission Full Outline of Unresponsiveness (FOUR) score and Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) as predictors of outcome in @entity1 with @entity1662 . METHODS: In this observational study, @entity1 (5-12 years) with @entity1662 of <7 days were included. @entity1 with @entity131 , on sedatives or neuromuscular blockade; with pre-existing @entity306 , @entity1032 , @entity75 , @entity1018 ; and @entity410 within last 1 hour were excluded. Primary outcomes: comparison of area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes: comparison of AUC of ROC curve for mortality and poor outcome on Pediatric Overall Performance Category Scale at 3 months. RESULTS: Of the 63 @entity1 , 20 died during hospital stay. AUC for in-hospital mortality for GCS was 0.83 (CI 0.7 to 0.9) and FOUR score was 0.8 (CI 0.7 to 0.9) [difference between areas -0.0250 (95%CI 0.0192 to 0.0692), Z statistic 1.109, P=0.2674]. AUC for mortality at 3 months for GCS was 0.78 (CI 0.67 to 0.90) and FOUR score was 0.74 (CI 0.62 to 0.87) (P=0.1102) and AUC for poor functional outcome for GCS was 0.82 (CI 0.72 to 0.93) and FOUR score was 0.79 (CI 0.68 to 0.9) (P=0.2377), which were also comparable. Inter-rater reliability for GCS was 0.96 and for FOUR score 0.98. CONCLUSION: FOUR score was as good as GCS in prediction of in-hospital and 3-month mortality and functional outcome at 3 months. FOUR score had a good inter-rater reliability.

title: Full Outline of Unresponsiveness score and the Glasgow XXXX Scale in prediction of pediatric @entity772 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision/hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative brain disease']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impaired consciousness']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['Coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the impact that the release of consensus guidelines for margins in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) had on re-excision rates. METHODS: A retrospective review examined a prospectively maintained database of @entity1 who had operable @entity0 treated with BCS at the authors' institution. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: (1) those with a diagnosis determined from 1 July 2011 to 31 July 2013 (before release of the guidelines) and (2) those with a diagnosis determined from 1 February 2014 to 31 July 2014 (after release of the guidelines). The groups were evaluated with respect to @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, re-excision rates, and reasons for re-excision. RESULTS: A total of 846 cases of BCS were managed: 597 in group 1 and 249 in group 2. Re-excision rates were significantly reduced after release of the consensus guidelines (p = 0.03). Re-excisions were performed for 115 (19 %) of 597 @entity1 in group 1 and 32 (13 %) of 249 @entity1 in group 2. After release of the guidelines, re-excisions were performed for positive margins, as defined by the consensus statement, in 25 (78 %) of 32 cases. The two groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, @entity5 size, grade, nodal status, @entity172 receptor status, @entity1420 receptor status, or @entity1 @entity1722 status. Group 1 had more @entity5 of mixed ductal and lobular histology than group 2, and group 2 had more @entity1137 than group 1 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The consensus guidelines on margins for BCS were applied for 78 % of the @entity1 who underwent re-excision and resulted in a significant reduction in re-excision rates.

title: Impact of Consensus Guidelines by the Society of Surgical Oncology and the American Society for Radiation Oncology on Margins for Breast-Conserving Surgery in Stages 1 and 2 Invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The approved use of @entity9381 for prophylaxis of @entity10 in @entity1 with @entity2704 ( @entity2704 ) involves treatment every 12   weeks. It is currently unknown whether @entity1 who fail to respond to the first @entity9381 treatment cycle will respond to subsequent treatment cycles. To help inform decisions about treating non-responders, we examined the probability of treatment cycle 1 non-responders responding in cycle 2, and cycle 1 and 2 non-responders responding in cycle 3. METHODS: Pooled PREEMPT data (two studies: a 24-week, 2-cycle, double-blind, randomised (1:1), placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase, followed by a 32-week, 3-cycle, open-label phase) evaluated @entity9381 (155-195   U) for prophylaxis of @entity10 in @entity1 with @entity2704 (>= 15   days/month with @entity10 >= 4   h/day). End points of interest included the proportion of study @entity1 who first achieved a >= 50% reduction in @entity10 days, moderate/severe @entity10 days, total cumulative hours of @entity10 on @entity10 days, or a >= 5-point improvement in @entity10 ( @entity10 )-6. For treatment cycle 1, all eligible @entity1 were included. For subsequent cycles, responders in a previous cycle were no longer considered first responders. RESULTS: Among @entity9381 -treated @entity1 (n=688) 49.3% had a >= 50% reduction in @entity10 -day frequency during treatment cycle 1, with 11.3% and 10.3% of @entity1 first responding during cycles 2 and 3, respectively. 54.2%, 11.6% and 7.4% of @entity1 first responded with a >= 50% reduction in cumulative hours of @entity10 , and 56.3%, 14.5% and 7.7% of @entity1 first responded with a >= 5-point improvement in total @entity10 -6 during treatment cycles 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A meaningful proportion of @entity1 with @entity2704 treated with @entity9381 who did not respond to the first treatment cycle responded in the second and third cycles of treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00156910, NCT00168428.

title: Per cent of XXXX with @entity2704 who responded per @entity9381 treatment cycle: PREEMPT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2704 :: ('MESH:D008881', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'chronic migraine']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['Headache Impact Test', 'HIT', 'headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hydatid disease is caused by infection of @entity12047 . Bone hydatid cyst presentation without hepatic affectation is infrequent and occurs in 0,5-2% of cases. This rare condition makes clinicians not always aware of the disease, and as a result, misdiagnosis of spinal @entity8434 is common. We present a case of a 48-year-old female @entity1 with primary sacral hydatidosis. @entity1643 radiating to the left buttock was the only symptom. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a @entity5 versus @entity2967 . Biopsy and pathological study revealed a hydatid cyst. Anthelmintic and surgical treatment was performed. At 12 months after surgery, the @entity1 is free of recurrence. In @entity1 with @entity1643 and a MR suggestive of @entity5 , spinal hydatid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is recommended the assistance of an anesthesiologist during biopsy to avoid an anaphylactic shock.

title: Primary Sacral Hydatid Cyst Mimicking a @entity5 in XXXX : Case Report and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['Chronic Low Back Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare transvaginal ultrasonographic features of the ovaries and endometrium of @entity1 with @entity11157 to normally cycling @entity1 on oral contraceptives (OCs), menopausal @entity1 with an equivalent duration of @entity2588 to the @entity11157 group, and @entity1 with @entity2689 . DESIGN: Transvaginal ultrasonography in groups of @entity1 with @entity11157 , OC, and menopause. SETTING: All subjects were studied in an academic tertiary care center. @entity1 / @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with @entity11157 , 20 volunteers on OC, 20 with menopause, and 4 @entity1 with @entity2689 were studied. INTERVENTION: None, except for OCs in the OC group only. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of ovarian, ovarian follicle, and endometrial visualization and their respective measurement in the three groups. RESULTS: At least one ovary was visualized in 84% of the @entity11157 @entity1 as compared with 95% of the OC and menopause groups and 25% of the Turner @entity1 . Mean ovarian volume was smaller in the @entity11157 group as compared with the OC group but equal to that of the menopause group. In the @entity11157 group, 41% had follicles in their ovaries as compared with 95% in the OC group, 5% in the menopause group, and none in the Turner group. The number of follicles per ovary was significantly lower in the @entity11157 as compared with the OC group, whereas only one subject had a single follicle in the menopause group. @entity11157 subjects with follicles had larger ovaries than those without follicles. Endometrial thickness was not different among the groups. CONCLUSION: Ultrasonography may serve to identify a substantial subset (approximately 40%) of @entity11157 @entity1 with ovarian follicles and potential for fertility consistent with the diagnosis of @entity11157 .

title: Noninvasive diagnosis of XXXX by ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['resistant ovary syndrome', 'Premature ovarian failure', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ["Turner's syndrome"]

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['resistant ovary syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity2194 and associated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 56-year-old @entity1 from Ecuador presented with @entity227 and an exudative @entity1713 in the left eye. @entity3993 was suspected. RESULTS: In the left eye, a subretinal cyst evident on fundus examination was investigated with B-scan ultrasonography. Ultrasonography showed a cystic structure, and MRI of the orbit confirmed the suspicion for @entity3993 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain also revealed a small parenchymal lesion in the @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful adjunct to B-scan ultrasonography in the diagnosis of @entity2194 . Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography in the demonstration of @entity3002 . This finding has important therapeutic implications, as any viable @entity735 or cerebral parenchyma can be treated surgically or medically, respectively.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity3993 :: ('MESH:D003551', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercosis', 'Subretinal cysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left occipital lobe of the brain']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['cystic structures in the eye and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cysticercus in the eye']

answer: @entity3993 :: (MESH:D003551,Disease) :: ['subretinal cysticercosis']