abstract: The breast is an uncommon site for @entity3 . Nevertheless, it is important to differentiate primary from secondary @entity5 of the breast, because clinical management and expected outcomes are vastly different. We report two examples of @entity5 with a papillary histologic pattern metastasizing to the breast. One of the cases occurred in a 31-year-old @entity1 with a primary @entity1358 , the other was in a 42-year-old @entity1 with an ovarian @entity4937 . In the first case, the @entity1 's previous history of @entity5 was not known to the pathologist. The cases highlight the difficulty in distinguishing primary from @entity3 in the breast. In both cases the @entity5 infiltrated in a pattern that mimicked @entity3821 changes. Additionally, in both cases, the metastasizing @entity5 was unusual with the @entity5 cells diffusely permeating the lymphatic spaces, not in a solid mass. These cases and a review of the literature indicated that breast @entity3 , although rare, must be recognized and differentiated from primary @entity0 to avoid unnecessary radical surgery to the breast. Moreover, the presence of changes similar to in situ @entity0 are not conclusive evidence that one is evaluating a primary @entity0 . When there is any unusual histomorphology, a good degree of suspicion is necessary. Ann Diagn Pathol 5:15-20, 2001.

title: XXXX to breast simulating ductal carcinoma in situ: report of two cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['in situ ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: The effect of post-mortem delay on the stability of the protein subunits that combine to form @entity143 and @entity140 type @entity2227 receptors has been assessed in samples of @entity1 brain tissue. While most of the subunits (i.e. @entity7335 , @entity7336 /3, @entity11587 , @entity6806 ) appear to be stable for up to 18 h post-mortem, the @entity11588 and @entity13069 subunits appear to be proteolyzed rapidly following death. These results are consistent with the concept that the proteolytic products of @entity11588 and @entity13069 , although at smaller molecular sizes than the full-length protein, are all identifiable on Western blots. Thus, a method is proposed that allows for the estimation of the levels of these labile proteins even in samples obtained up to 18 h post-mortem. Using this method we have estimated the levels of all @entity140 and @entity143 receptor subunits in selected (i.e. hippocampus, frontal and entorhinal cortex) brain tissue samples obtained from control @entity1 and @entity1 who have died with @entity195 . Modest decreases in @entity143 receptor subunits @entity6806 , @entity11588 , and @entity13069 were found in the hippocampus and in frontal cortex while little or no change in any of these subunits were documented in entorhinal cortex. Subunits for @entity140 receptors ( @entity7335 , @entity7336 /3, and @entity11587 ) appeared to show a generalized decrease in all these tissues. As a surrogate marker for overall decreases due to generalized neuronal cell death, levels of neuron-specific enolase were measured in all tissues and were found to be nearly identical in control and @entity195 .

title: Effects of post-mortem delay on subunits of ionotropic XXXX receptors in @entity1 brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's brains"]

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) has improved since the introduction of immunosuppressant therapies, but the safety and effectiveness of treatments can also be improved. We retrospectively assessed the treatment courses of 12 @entity1 with @entity1252 who were treated with glucocorticoid, @entity20771 (MZR) and @entity1140 . This regimen was used as initial therapy for active @entity1988 in six @entity1 (mean glucocorticoid dose, 66.6 mg); four of these six @entity1 also received pulse @entity1667 therapy. The starting doses of MZR and @entity1140 were 150 and 3 mg, respectively, and they were titrated as required. Five of six @entity1 achieved complete remission and one achieved partial remission at 6 months. Five @entity1 who completed 12-month analysis achieved complete remission. Another six @entity1 were given the combination regimen for treating minor flares or for @entity134 sparing. The mean @entity617 doses were reduced from 11.0 mg at baseline to 6.6 mg at 12 months. Six @entity1 experienced minor adverse events, including three @entity281 . One @entity1 stopped @entity1140 because of suspected @entity137 . All 12 @entity1 were successfully treated, and none experienced severe adverse events. Multitarget therapy combining glucocorticoid, MZR and @entity1140 may have the potential to become a treatment option which is effective and safe.

title: Efficacy and safety of multitarget therapy with @entity20771 and XXXX for @entity1252 with or without active nephritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['LN', 'lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['minor infections']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was conducted to identify determinants of diagnostic delay in order to develop strategies to reduce the waiting time for @entity0 . METHODS: A cohort of 696 @entity1 diagnosed with early @entity0 was recruited in two radiation oncology centers of Quebec, Canada, in 2002-2003. A structured questionnaire was administered to identify potential determinants of diagnostic delay. Dates for all of the breast procedures were extracted from medical records. "Diagnostic delay" was defined as a time interval of more than 5 weeks between the first breast specific procedure and the final diagnostic procedure. A logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) of diagnostic delay and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: The two main determinants of diagnostic delay were the medical indication for the breast investigation and the scheduling of the diagnostic procedures. Compared to screened @entity1 , those referred because of clinical findings had an OR of diagnostic delay of 0.34 (95% CI=0.22-0.54). @entity1 who underwent breast procedures during visits on at least four separate days had an OR of 6.31 (95% CI=3.85-10.34) compared to those who completed their investigation during visits on at most two separate days. @entity1 who had complementary procedures the day of the first procedure were less likely to experience a diagnostic delay (OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.31-0.82). Finally, diagnostic delay was also significantly associated with the interpretation of the first diagnostic procedure, type of final diagnostic procedure, size of @entity5 , and family income. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a promising strategy for reducing the waiting time for @entity0 is to better integrate the services during the investigation period.

title: Determinants of delay for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer diagnosis']


abstract: There is a surging interest in the evolution, ecology and physiology of personality differences. However, most of the studies in this research area have been performed in adult animals. Trait variations expressed early in development and how they are related to the ontogeny of an @entity1314 are far less studied. Genetic differences as well as environmental factors causing functional variability of the central serotonergic system have been related to personality differences in vertebrates, including @entity1 . Such gene-environment interplay suggests that the central serotonergic system plays an important role in the ontogeny of personality traits. In salmonid fishes, the timing of emergence from spawning nests is related to energy reserves, @entity146 , and social dominance. However, it is currently unknown how the size of the yolk reserve is reflected on @entity146 and dominance, or if these traits are linked to differences in serotonergic transmission in newly emerged larvae. In this study we investigated the relationship between yolk reserves, social dominance, and serotonergic transmission in newly emerged @entity5660 ( @entity5660 ) larvae. This was conducted by allowing larvae with the same emergence time, but with different yolk sizes, to interact in pairs for 24 h. The results show that individuals with larger yolks performed more @entity146 acts, resulting in a @entity146 in individuals with smaller yolks. A higher brain serotonergic activity confirmed subordination in larvae with small yolks. The relationship between social dominance and yolk size was present in siblings, demonstrating a link between interfamily variation in energy reserves and @entity146 , and suggests that larger yolk reserves fuel a more @entity146 personality during the initial territorial establishment in salmonid fishes. Furthermore, socially na  ve larvae with big yolks had lower @entity750 levels, suggesting that other factors than the social environment causes variation in serotonergic transmission, underlying individual variation in @entity146 .

title: Linking personality to larval energy reserves in @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive behavior', 'suppression of aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ["animal's personality"]

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: @entity5074 ( @entity27899 ), a new wide-spectrum antifungal @entity10998 currently in development, was tested for activity against @entity1327 (CN) var. gattii and var. neoformans in RPMI-1640 (RPMI) or RPMI plus human serum. In RPMI @entity27899 was 10-fold more inhibitory than FCZ for both varieties of CN. In the presence of human serum neither @entity27899 nor FCZ had enhanced activity against CN var. gattii. By contrast, both @entity27899 and FCZ had significantly increased activity in the presence of serum against CN var. neoformans. The lack of serum-enhancing activity for @entity27899 or FCZ against CN var. gattii may reflect the in vivo situation and predict less efficacy in @entity281 .

title: Anticryptococcal activity of XXXX against Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti vs var. neoformans: comparison with fluconazole and effect of human serum.

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity1327 :: ('5207', 'Species') :: ['Cryptococcus neoformans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['CN var. gattii infections']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['Voriconazole']

answer: @entity5074 :: (MESH:C102790,Chemical) :: ['voriconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recognition of @entity914 constitutes a challenge to the population and health and social care. AIM: To evaluate the reactions of the general population, professionals in the health and social services, and local politicians in light of the symptoms of a @entity1 evincing acute @entity716 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A postal questionnaire study was conducted in the rural Suupohja area in Finland. Three target groups: a randomized sample of residents aged 15-84 years (n = 1200), local social and healthcare personnel (n = 463) and politicians (n = 148) responded to alternatives in identifying the need and urgency of treatment. RESULTS: Seventy-six per cent of residents, 85% of politicians and 87% of health and social employees recognized that the @entity1 was in need of urgent support and treatment. A significant positive association was found in the resident cohort between recognizing urgent need for support and female gender. Forty-eight per cent of inhabitants, 69% of social and healthcare staff, and 65% of politicians estimated that appropriate care and access to care would be obtained in the acute outpatient care of the health centre. CONCLUSION: Almost one quarter of residents were not aware of the @entity1 's urgent need for acute mental healthcare. It is a challenge to promote the knowledge and sensitivity of the population in recognizing mental and @entity716 . Also appropriate information is called for regarding local services and how to access the care.

title: Reactions to acute XXXX in a rural community.

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mental symptoms', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic symptoms']


abstract: @entity2048 represent a complex group of @entity302 , characterized by lapse of consciousness with staring. Bilateral, synchronous, and symmetric bursts of 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges are observed on the electroencephalogram, whereas interictal background activity is normal. This kind of @entity302 has to be differentiated from other @entity6191 such as @entity2048 and @entity3149 . Moreover, @entity2048 , together with generalized spike-and-wave discharges, may coexist with other types of @entity302 such as @entity4940 , @entity1315 , @entity302 with @entity1654 , and @entity302 with @entity7965 . We have carried out ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 10 @entity1 with clinical evidence of @entity2048 with the aim to better understand and to distinguish this kind of @entity410 as primarily or secondarily generalized to a specific area and to obtain more information on the neuronal mechanisms involved in the different types of @entity410 , usually not identifiable at the first appearance. During the long follow-up period (9 months to 14 years), 7 of the 10 examined @entity1 underwent interictal SPECT when they became @entity410 free. Our data permitted, in two @entity1 , the diagnosis of @entity2048 ; in three @entity1 , they suggested the possibility of later appearance of other @entity410 types, on the basis of focal hyperperfusion indicating a possible focal firing. In three of the examined @entity1 , the diagnosis of idiopathic @entity1625 mimicking @entity2048 could be performed. In the last two @entity1 , the hypothesis of a coexistence of absences with partial and generalized @entity410 was considered. From our results, it can be presumed that ictal SPECT findings may contribute to the physiopathologic classification of the different types of @entity302 . Moreover, anticonvulsant treatment more appropriate to the different forms of @entity410 can be used.

title: Ictal single photon emission computed tomography in XXXX : apparent implication of different neuronal mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['localization-related epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['centrotemporal spikes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy', 'benign epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'juvenile absence epilepsy', 'childhood absence seizures', 'Absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['occipital paroxysms']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence seizures']


abstract: Anatomic repair of @entity3886 (TGA) has been developed because of concerns about right ventricular function after atrial repair by the Mustard or the Senning technique. This study assessed left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in three @entity1 after two-stage anatomic repair. Two @entity1 had a @entity1757 (one with @entity1498 ), and the third @entity1 had @entity67 precluding atrial repair. All had pulmonary artery banding. The mean ages at the time of repair and catheterization were 2.75 and 4.9 years, respectively. The control group included 10 @entity1 with insignificant or no @entity299 . At cardiac catheterization the group with TGA had a higher mean end-diastolic volume index (110.9 +/- 4.74 ml/m2) compared to normal subjects (79.1 +/- 14.55; p less than 0.001), mean end-systolic volume index (37.3 +/- 3.69 vs 22.7 +/- 4.42; p less than 0.001), mass index (101.0 +/- 16.9 vs 68.2 +/- 12.34; p = 0.038), and @entity64 volume index (73.6 +/- 3.52 vs 56.5 +/- 12.1; p = 0.0027). The ejection fractions, end-diastolic and peak systolic pressures, and stresses were not different. There was no difference in the relationship between the mean rate-corrected velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and end-systolic stress for the group with TGA, but myocardial stiffness was markedly elevated (29.5 +/- 1.84 vs 10.8 +/- 2.20; p less than 0.001). Thus, this study found abnormalities of left ventricular size after two-stage anatomic repair of TGA in this group of @entity1 with TGA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function after two-stage anatomic correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical features of @entity56 in restaurants and other food establishments have not been studied. Of the registrants in the United States Peanut and Tree Nut Allergy Registry (PAR), 13.7% have reported reactions associated with such establishments. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the features of @entity56 to peanut and tree nut in restaurant foods and foods purchased at other private establishments (eg, ice cream shops and bakeries). METHODS: Telephone interviews were conducted through use of a structured questionnaire. Subjects/parental surrogates were randomly selected from among the 706 PAR registrants who reported a reaction in a restaurant or other food establishment. RESULTS: Details were obtained for 156 episodes (29 first-time reactions) from 129 subjects/parental surrogates. Most reactions were caused by peanut (67%) or tree nut (24%); for some reactions (9%), the cause was a combination of peanut and another nut or was unknown. Symptoms began at a median of 5 minutes after exposure and were severe in 27% of reactions. Overall, 86% of reactions were treated (antihistamines, 86%; @entity1425 , 40%). Establishments commonly cited were Asian food restaurants (19%), ice cream shops (14%), and bakeries/doughnut shops (13%). Among meal courses, desserts were a common cause (43%). Of 106 registrants with previously diagnosed @entity566 who ordered food specifically for ingestion by the allergic individual, only 45% gave prior notification about the @entity566 to the establishment. For 83 (78%) of these 106 reactions, someone in the establishment knew that the food contained peanut or tree nut as an ingredient; in 50% of these incidents, the food item was "hidden" (in sauces, dressings, egg rolls, etc), visual identification being prevented. In 23 (22%) of the 106 cases, exposures were reported from contamination caused primarily by shared cooking/serving supplies. In the remaining 21 subjects with previously diagnosed @entity566 , reactions resulted from ingestion of food not intended for them, ingestion of food selected from buffet/food bars, or skin contact/inhalation (residual food on tables, 2; peanut shells covering floors, 2; being within 2 feet of the cooking of the food, 1). CONCLUSIONS: Restaurants and other food establishments pose a number of dangers for peanut- and tree nut-allergic individuals, particularly with respect to cross-contamination and unexpected ingredients in desserts and Asian food. Failure to establish a clear line of communication between patron and establishment is a frequent cause of errors.

title: Peanut and tree nut XXXX in restaurants and other food establishments.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['food-allergic reactions', 'allergic reactions']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: Optical imaging of @entity0 has been considered for detecting functional and molecular characteristics of diseases in clinical and preclinical settings. Applied to laboratory research, photonic investigations offer a highly versatile tool for preclinical imaging and drug discovery. A particular advantage of the optical method is the availability of multiple spectral bands for performing imaging. Herein, we capitalize on this feature to demonstrate how it is possible to use different wavelengths to offer internal controls and significantly improve the observation accuracy in molecular imaging applications. In particular, we show the independent in vivo detection of @entity462 proteases along with @entity5 permeability and interstitial volume measurements using a dual-wavelength approach. To generate results with a view toward clinically geared studies, a transgenic @entity7171 /neu @entity19 model that spontaneously developed @entity5 was used. In vivo findings were validated against conventional ex vivo tests such as histology and Western blot analyses. By correcting for biodistribution parameters, the dual-wavelength method increases the accuracy of molecular observations by separating true molecular target from probe biodistribution. As such, the method is highly appropriate for molecular imaging studies where often probe delivery and target presence are not independently assessed. On the basis of these findings, we propose the dual-wavelength/normalization approach as an essential method for drug discovery and preclinical imaging studies.

title: In vivo investigation of XXXX progression by use of an internal control.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of @entity1 activities after @entity348 may help delineate the true functional gains obtained after replacement. Experience suggests that some @entity1 may perform activities excessively demanding on elbow implants, but compliance with activity restrictions recommended after elbow arthroplasty is largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent a primary or revision @entity348 at a single institution from 2005 to 2007 were surveyed regarding their activity level. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score and Mayo Elbow Performance Score were assessed. @entity1 were also questioned about whether they recalled which activities were not recommended by their surgeon. RESULTS: One hundred thirteen completed surveys were analyzed. There were 29 @entity1 and 84 @entity1 with a mean age of 65 years. Of the @entity1 , 64 had primary and 49 had revision operations. The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 77 points (range, 15-100 points). The mean University of California, Los Angeles activity score was 5 points (range, 1-10 points). Moderate-demand activities were performed by 94% of @entity1 , and high-demand activities were performed by 40% of @entity1 . Male gender and a diagnosis of @entity174 /nonunion was associated with increased performance of high-demand activities (P < .05). Eighty percent of @entity1 remembered receiving postoperative restrictions, and of these @entity1 , 83% interpreted that they were compliant with their restrictions. CONCLUSION: Ninety-four percent of @entity1 engaged in moderate-demand activities after @entity348 . Forty percent engaged in high-demand activities. Factors correlated with more demanding activities included male gender and diagnosis of @entity174 /nonunion. The vast majority of @entity1 remembered receiving postoperative restrictions.

title: Activities after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total elbow arthroplasty']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe an unusual ocular presentation of @entity3002 in a young @entity1 . DESIGN: Interventional case report and literature review. METHODS: A previously well 24-year-old white @entity1 presented with @entity3856 and @entity227 . Episcleral injection, globe tenderness, an afferent @entity2300 , and @entity1713 were present. Computed tomographic scan of the head and orbits demonstrated scleral thickening, @entity1713 , and no other abnormality. A provisional diagnosis of @entity3170 with @entity1713 was made. Investigation for underlying connective tissue diseases was negative. There was an initial prompt response to corticosteroid therapy. The @entity1 's symptoms and signs then recurred, and a left third @entity129 developed. Systemic investigations including lumbar puncture ultimately led to the diagnosis of primary @entity784 . Serologic tests for @entity1 @entity465 virus were negative. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent orbital and cranial irradiation and intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy. Despite an initial response to treatment, she returned with a recurrence of the @entity1347 . Her systemic disease progressed rapidly, and she died shortly thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1 's young age and initial presentation mimicking @entity3170 with @entity1713 , without evidence of vitreous involvement, are highly unusual for ocular involvement in primary @entity149 . A review of the literature highlights the atypical nature of this presentation.

title: @entity3002 mimicking XXXX with @entity1713 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduced vision']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral exudative retinal detachment', 'exudative retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma in the anterior segment of the left eye']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['ocular-central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupil defect']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['left eye pain']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['posterior scleritis']

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['posterior scleritis']


abstract: Whether or not abnormal noradrenergic transmission can be a causal factor in @entity148 is controversial. The present experiments examined this question by comparing the effects of two anxiogenic agents on @entity1063 efflux in the frontal cortex of freely moving @entity35 . A single anxiogenic dose of either @entity3160 (2.5 or 5 mg/kg) or @entity12453 (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered to @entity35 by i.p. injection. @entity3160 increased spontaneous efflux of @entity1063 , but @entity12453 had no effect. However, subsequent exposure of @entity35 to a novel environment increased @entity1063 efflux in vehicle-, but not drug-treated @entity35 . Calculation of the net change in @entity1063 efflux caused by transfer to the novel environment showed that this was reduced by @entity3160 , whereas @entity12453 increased it. These two compounds also had different effects on locomotor activity in the novel environment. The results suggest that @entity148 is unlikely to be invariably associated with increased noradrenergic transmission, in the frontal cortex at least. However, it remains possible that any disruption of the noradrenergic response to stress could be an underlying feature of @entity148 .

title: The anxiogenic agents, @entity3160 and XXXX , disrupt the noradrenergic response to novelty.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity12453 :: (MESH:C035874,Chemical) :: ['FG 7142']


abstract: A report by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) has reviewed, classified and evaluated the scientific literature on treatment of @entity4697 , @entity913 , @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), @entity148 ( @entity148 ) and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). The review included treatment of @entity1 , adolescents and adults. The report concludes that there is effective treatment available for all @entity148 . However in general, the effect is often moderate and symptoms reappear when the treatment period is discontinued. For adults, scientific evidence supports the use of @entity903 and sertraline for all syndromes except @entity6542 . For the other SSRI's there is also evidence for the use of @entity905 in @entity3119 and @entity1005 , for @entity3755 in @entity913 and @entity3119 and for @entity837 in @entity913 . Other antidepressant drugs with a strong scientific support is venlafaxin in @entity913 and @entity148 , @entity51754 in @entity4697 and @entity8991 in @entity4697 and @entity3119 . Among psychological treatments, there is scientific evidence for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treatment of @entity4697 , @entity913 , @entity1005 and @entity148 . Exposure, with or without other psychotherapeutic interventions, has scientific support for efficacy in @entity4697 (both in terms of number of @entity4697 and for @entity8396 ), @entity6542 , @entity3119 and @entity1005 . Use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) has scientific support for treatment of @entity1005 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX . A systematic literature review. Summary and conclusions by the SBU].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['specific phobias']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['chlomipramine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetin']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder', 'panic syndrome', 'panic attacks']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['specific phobias, social phobia', 'social phobia']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity51754 :: ('CHEBI:47499', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramin']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['GAD', 'anxiety syndromes', 'generalized anxiety syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive syndrome', 'OCD']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety syndrome']


abstract: The mRNA transcripts of @entity14681 gene puh, coding for the H subunit of the photoreaction center, and of genes flanking puh were analyzed by blot hybridization. Open reading frame G115, upstream of structural gene puh, is transcribed as a 2.25-kilobase mRNA. Gene puh itself is transcribed as two mRNAs of 1118 and 1032 @entity2036 . @entity2773 nuclease protection analysis shows that the puh transcripts have different 5' termini within open reading frame G115 and a unique rho-independent termination signal within open reading frame I2372. The lifetimes of the puh messages, as determined by an @entity26 blockade of transcription, were 10 and 12 min for the large and small puh mRNAs, respectively. An expression vector carrying a @entity2755 acetyltransferase gene was used to select promoters in DNA stretches upstream of the startpoints of each of these transcripts. @entity2755 resistance was expressed in @entity526 , using as a promoter a 179- @entity377 stretch upstream of the small mRNA startpoint but not from a 124- @entity377 stretch upstream of the large mRNA startpoint. The promoter for the small mRNA, designated Ppuh2, is thought to encompass in its -10 and -35 regions a sigma 70-like RNA polymerase recognition sequence. The region upstream of the large message startpoint contains a sequence similar in its -12 and -24 regions to promoter sequences recognized by the sigma 60 RNA polymerase holoenzyme. This is designated as promoter Ppuh1.Ppuh1 is proposed to be strictly regulated by light intensity and by @entity26 tension while Ppuh2 would be less sensitive to these parameters.

title: Mapping of the puh messenger RNAs from XXXX . Evidence for tandem promoters.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol', 'Chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity14681 :: ('1085', 'Species') :: ['Rhodospirillum rubrum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity14681 :: (1085,Species) :: ['Rhodospirillum rubrum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical utility of @entity419 -positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) for diagnosing whether an @entity774 is malignant, in contemporary clinical practice. DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review of @entity1 from 2 databases at a large hospital. The first database consisted of @entity1 who underwent FDG-PET between the years 2009 to 2011 while the second database included @entity1 who had histological diagnosis of @entity774 between the years 1997 to 2011. RESULTS: 3.4% of 2921 @entity1 had adrenal FDG uptake. Approximately 43% of them did not exhibit corresponding @entity774 . FDG-PET performance parameters were better if a cutoff of SUV (standardized uptake value) >= 3 was used to define positivity. The imaging characteristics of malignant adrenal masses and @entity1911 were similar but differed remarkably compared to those of @entity5 . Serial imaging revealed that the malignant adrenal masses consistently exhibited high CT attenuation, while more than half of them initially exhibited @entity15885 and in some cases FDG uptake indistinguishable from the background. The FDG-PET results were confirmatory in 87% of @entity1 , contributory in 11%, but definitely misleading in 2%. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET is not required for @entity774 diagnosis in most @entity1 in contemporary practice but may help clinical decision making in specific situations.

title: Clinical utility of FDG-PET for diagnosis of XXXX : a large single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal mass']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal mass']


abstract: We sought to determine factors relating to the survival of heterotrophic microorganisms from the high-dissolved- @entity26 (HDO) waters of Lake Hoare, Antarctica. This lake contains perpetual HDO about three times that of normal saturation (40 to 50 mg liter). Five isolates, one @entity375 and four bacteria, were selected from Lake Hoare waters by growth with the membrane filter technique with @entity26 added to yield dissolved concentrations 14 times that in situ, 175 mg liter. One bacterial isolate was obtained from the microbial mat beneath the HDO waters. This organism was isolated at normal atmospheric @entity26 saturation. The bacteria were gram-negative rods, motile, oxidase positive, catalase positive, and @entity224 dismutase positive; they contained carotenoids. The planktonic isolates grew in media containing 10 mg of Trypticase soy (BBL Microbiology Systems)-peptone (2:1) liter but not at 10 g liter. Under low-nutrient levels simulating Lake Hoare waters (10 mg liter), two of the planktonic isolates tested were not inhibited by HDO. Growth inhibition by HDO increased as nutrient concentration was increased. A carotenoid-negative mutant of one isolate demonstrated a @entity851 rate, maximal cell density, and increased cell lysis in the @entity204 phase under HDO compared with the parent strain. The specific activity of @entity224 dismutase was increased by @entity49718 in four of the five bacterial isolates. The @entity224 dismutase was of the @entity921 type on the basis of inhibition and electrophoretic studies. The bacterial isolates from Lake Hoare possess several adaptations which may aid their survival in the HDO waters, as well as protection due to the oligotrophic nature of the lake.

title: Factors affecting high- XXXX survival of heterotrophic microorganisms from an antarctic lake.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['decreased growth']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity8243 and the @entity8243 /CCK-B receptor genes are co-expressed in several @entity189 . The primary translational product, progastrin, however, is processed to several peptides of which only those that are a-amidated at their C-terminus are receptor ligands. So far, characterization of the progastrin-derived peptides in @entity356 has not been reported. The authors therefore examined the molecular nature of @entity8243 and its receptor in @entity1 @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity420 underwent partial or total gastrectomy. In samples from each @entity189 , @entity8243 peptides were characterized, using a library of sequence-specific immunoassays. Expression was also demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the @entity8243 and @entity8243 /CCK-B receptor gene expression was quantitated using real-time PCR, and the receptor protein demonstrated by western blotting. RESULTS: a-Amidated gastrins were detectable in 16 of 20 @entity189 (median concentration 2.1 pmol/g tissue; range 0-386 pmol/g tissue). The tissue concentrations correlated closely to the @entity8243 mRNA contents (r = 0.75, p < 0.0001). Moreover, progastrin and non-amidated processing intermediates, including @entity2228 -extended gastrins, were detected in 19 @entity189 . Immunohistochemistry corroborated @entity8243 expression in @entity189 cells. Chromatography revealed extensive progastrin processing with a-amidated @entity8243 -34 and -17 ( @entity18481 -sulfated as well as non-sulfated) as major products. Finally, @entity8243 /CCK-B receptor mRNA and protein were detected in all @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the elements for a local loop of a-amidated gastrins and their receptor are detectable in 80% of @entity1 @entity356 . Therefore, the results support the contention that locally expressed @entity8243 may be involved in the tumorigenesis of @entity356 .

title: Characterization of gastrins and their receptor in solid @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinomas', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric adenocarcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Controversy exists regarding the extent of vascular reconstructive surgery in the presence of unilateral symptomatic @entity3885 . This study reviews the results of unilateral iliac reconstruction, with special emphasis on the need for consecutive contralateral intervention. METHODS: The outcomes of 184 unilateral and 350 aortobilateral reconstructions for obstructive disease performed during the same period were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment allocation was based on hemodynamic parameters. Unilateral reconstruction was performed by a way of a retroperitoneal approach through a pararectal incision and bilateral reconstruction by way of a transperitoneal approach through a midline abdominal incision. RESULTS: Symptom relief, improvement of noninvasively measured parameters, and graft patency were similar after unilateral and bilateral reconstruction. Both groups had a 10-year primary patency rate greater than 80%. There were no differences in morbidity rate, although @entity1576 occurred more often after bilateral reconstruction. Mortality rates were 1.6% after unilateral reconstruction and 4.9% after bilateral reconstruction. Secondary contralateral reconstruction was performed in only 6% of the @entity1 who underwent an initial unilateral operation. CONCLUSIONS: The unilateral vascular reconstruction for @entity3885 is a well-tolerated procedure with an excellent long-term outcome. It is a valuable alternative to conventional aortobilateral reconstruction in carefully selected @entity1 . Prophylactic reconstruction of an asymptomatic @entity850 without signs of significant @entity73 is most often not indicated.

title: Unilateral vascular reconstruction for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['iliac obstructive disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['iliac stenosis']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['iliac obstructive disease']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with dyslipidaemia characterised by increased fasting @entity412 and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations. Causes for @entity28 -associated dyslipidaemia include @entity2690 resistance, excessive caloric intake, increased free @entity844 production and disturbances in the counter-regulatory hormones. We examined the relationships between lipid parameters and @entity28 before and after adjustment of @entity2690 resistance in 902 Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 . After adjustment for age, smoking and @entity2690 resistance, increasing body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) remained closely associated with increased concentrations of @entity412 and @entity755 ( @entity755 ), increased ratios between low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL (LDL/HDL), and that between @entity755 ( @entity755 /LDL), increased fasting and 2-h plasma @entity413 and @entity2690 , as well as decreased concentrations of HDL, @entity9477 and @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ). On stepwise multiple regression analysis using age, BMI, WHR, @entity2690 resistance and fasting plasma @entity413 as independent variables, BMI and WHR were the major determinants for the variance of @entity412 , HDL and its subfractions, LDL/HDL, @entity755 and @entity755 /LDL. Age was the most important predictor for total @entity165 and LDL. @entity2690 resistance only explained less than 1% of the variance in @entity412 and @entity755 . This was compared to a variance between 10 and 16% in these parameters as explained by BMI and/or WHR. In conclusion, @entity28 is associated with dyslipidaemia in Chinese @entity1 , characterised by increased plasma @entity412 , @entity755 , @entity755 , and decreased HDL, @entity9477 and @entity1675 concentrations. @entity28 independent of @entity2690 resistance, in @entity6220 as reflected by increased WHR, was the most important independent variable for many of these @entity14822 . Our results emphasised the multifactorial linkage between @entity28 and dyslipidaemia.

title: The association between dyslipidaemia and @entity28 in Chinese XXXX after adjustment for @entity2690 resistance.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['particular central adiposity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apo B', 'apo B and LDL', 'LDL/HDL, apo B/LDL', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I', 'apo A-I']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity9367 ( @entity9919 ), a component of the Chinese herb Triptergium wilfordii, has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity and is used clinically in recipients of kidney transplantation. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work aimed to investigate the effect of @entity9919 on the differentiation of regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) from @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity28422 -purified @entity35 @entity11264 + cells were costimulated with anti-CD3 and anti- @entity24083 in the presence of @entity1810 to induce the expression of @entity13200 , which was detected by flow cytometry. @entity9919 and @entity205 (CsA) were separately added into the cultures to observe the effect on the expression of @entity13200 . Kidney transplantation was performed in @entity35 that either received no treatment or were treated with @entity9919 after transplantation. RESULTS: @entity9919 treatment enhanced the expression of @entity13200 in @entity11264 + cells, whereas CsA inhibited the @entity13200 expression. In the @entity35 kidney transplantation model, the recipient @entity35 treated with @entity9919 survived longer than the control @entity35 (18-19.83 vs 6.83 days, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the @entity13200 + T cells in the spleens of treated @entity35 were higher than those from the untreated @entity35 (12.4% vs 4.7%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity9919 may promote the differentiation of @entity11264 + cells to @entity13200 + Tregs. This would be at least one of the pathways responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of @entity9919 .

title: @entity9367 promotes generation of XXXX + T regulatory cells in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['Triptolide']

answer: @entity13200 :: (317382(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['FoxP3']


abstract: P fimbriae of the F7(1) serotype of @entity526 are composed of a major subunit, FsoA, and of three minor proteins named FsoG, FsoE, and FsoF. FsoG is the Gal alpha(1-4)Gal-specific lectin. We assessed mutated recombinant strains each @entity2244 to frozen sections of @entity35 cortical kidney and to fibronectin immobilized on glass. @entity35 kidney lacks the Gal alpha(1-4) @entity19447 -containing glycolipids. The fsoG mutant strain was as adhesive to sections of @entity35 kidney and to fibronectin-coated glass as was the recombinant strain expressing the complete fso gene cluster. The fsoA mutant strain was highly adhesive to fibronectin and to kidney sections. In the @entity35 kidney, the adhesion of these strains was predominantly localized to sites of basolateral membranes of tubuli. The fsoE and the fsoF mutant strains were slightly less @entity8 and failed to adhere to fibronectin. The fsoE, fsoF double mutant strain adhered neither to fibronectin nor to kidney sections. None of the fso recombinant strains reacted with soluble fibronectin, suggesting that the interaction is dependent on the conformation of the fibronectin molecules. Recombinant strains expressing the F7(2), F8, @entity54328 , F13, and F14 serovariants of the P fimbria also showed adherence to immobilized fibronectin. The results show that in addition to binding to globoseries of glycolipids via the G protein, the P fimbriae of uropathogenic @entity526 exhibit a tissue-binding property influenced by fsoE and fsoF gene products and with affinity for basolateral membranes and fibronectin.

title: Multifunctional nature of P fimbriae of uropathogenic XXXX : mutations in fsoE and fsoF influence fimbrial binding to renal tubuli and immobilized fibronectin.

entities_list: @entity2244 :: ('MESH:C537005', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in one fimbrial component for adhesion']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['adhesive to kidney structures']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Approximately 8% of Australia's 250,000 annual births occur preterm (before 37 weeks completed gestation). Preterm @entity1 represent 75% of all neonatal deaths in Australia, with the vast majority of these deaths caused by @entity358 . 2. The respiratory consequences for survivors of @entity600 include the immediate challenges of breathing with underdeveloped lungs, usually manifest as @entity649 ( @entity649 ), and, in the long term, with persisting @entity358 . Therapies to prevent @entity358 now permit survival of preterm @entity1 born as early as 22 weeks gestational age, but not without consequences. 3. Preterm @entity1 are at risk of developing chronic lung @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ). The lungs of @entity1 dying from @entity2107 are inflamed and have fewer, larger alveoli than normal and exhibit @entity358 . There is now a growing appreciation of the contribution of intrauterine @entity32 to the aetiology of @entity2107 . 4. Impaired airway function is commonly reported in follow-up studies of @entity1 born preterm. Decreased expiratory flow rates have been associated with @entity600 per se, but airway function appears more affected in survivors of @entity649 and @entity2107 . Observations in survivors of @entity2107 suggest persisting @entity358 and airways. 5. Follow-up studies of preterm @entity1 into adulthood are lacking, as are experimental examinations of the long-term physiological and anatomical effects of @entity600 . Both are necessary to understand the causes of the long-term respiratory consequences of @entity600 .

title: Respiratory consequences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['disease/bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abnormalities', 'pulmonary disease', 'abnormal pulmonary vascular development', 'abnormalities in the structure of the lung parenchyma', 'neonatal lung disease']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and dosage and administration of @entity2780 are reviewed. @entity2780 is the first class III antiarrhythmic agent to rely on activation of a slow inward @entity1372 current to prolong the action potential and effective refractory period of atrial and ventricular tissue. The drug is indicated for the rapid restoration of normal sinus rhythm in @entity1 with @entity955 or @entity956 of recent onset who are hemodynamically stable. The effects of @entity2780 are concentration dependent. The drug undergoes rapid and extensive hepatic metabolism. The pharmacokinetics of @entity2780 are linear well above the maximum proposed therapeutic dose of 2 mg. The elimination half-life averages six hours. Clinical trials have established @entity2780 's efficacy in converting sustained @entity956 and @entity955 to normal sinus rhythm. It has been shown that @entity1 with @entity956 respond at a greater rate than @entity1 with @entity955 , but that @entity955 is converted more rapidly than @entity956 . In one study, @entity956 and @entity955 were successfully converted in significantly more @entity1 receiving @entity2780 than those receiving @entity2778 . @entity1165 is the adverse event of primary concern, occurring in 4.3% of @entity1 in clinical trials. The recommended initial dose is 0.01 mg/kg for @entity1 weighing less than 60 kg and 1 mg for @entity1 weighing 60 kg or more, infused over 10 minutes. About 70% of @entity1 will require a second dose. The list price is  119.75 per dose. @entity2780 appears to be an effective alternative to other antiarrhythmic agents for rapid conversion of @entity943 to normal sinus rhythm in hemodynamically stable @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a new class III antiarrhythmic agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2780 :: ('MESH:C067192', 'Chemical') :: ['ibutilide', 'Ibutilide', 'ibutilide fumarate']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2780 :: (MESH:C067192,Chemical) :: ['Ibutilide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Excessive numbers of the mite, Demodax folliculorum, in the eyelash follicies cause @entity111 and is referred to as demodicosis. We evaluated 4% @entity2134 gel as a treatment for this condition. METHODS: An advertisement was placed in a retirement home newsletter, requesting @entity1 with @entity2194 . Respondents were examined for Demodex and @entity1 with abundant mites were invited to participate. One eye was treated with @entity2134 gel; the other eye was untreated. The relative abundance of mites was evaluated at baseline, after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. Subjects kept a daily log of symptoms. RESULTS: Eleven of 22 @entity1 with ocular @entity111 had abundant Demodax. Mites were reduced significantly by the treatment (p = 0.017). The amount of mite reduction was closely correlated with the extent to which @entity111 was alleviated (r = 0.811, p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Abundant Demodex is an important cause of ocular @entity111 in older @entity1 . Mites can be reduced with @entity2134 gel and @entity111 alleviated.

title: XXXX gel for the treatment of demodicosis--a case series.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular discomfort']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['Pilocarpine']


abstract: The parabrachial nucleus ( @entity18674 ) has been proposed as the associative site for conditioned taste aversion. Previous evidence has shown that functional blockade of the @entity18674 by @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) produces retrograde disruption of @entity1091 -induced taste aversions in @entity35 . However, given the @entity18674 role in processing visceral cues and the long duration of the @entity1091 -induced aversive effects, an interpretation based on @entity13557 processing deficits can not be ruled out. The aim of the present study was to use the unconditioned stimulus (US) pre-exposure phenomenon to explore the effect of @entity18674 inactivation by intracerebral @entity4524 microinjections on visceral processing. Three intraperitoneal (i.p.) @entity13557 injections (0.15 M; 2% b.w.) applied before the conditioning session, but not isotonic saline i.p. injections, interfered with the acquisition of a learned aversion to a cider vinegar solution (3%) in cannulated control @entity35 . Bilateral @entity18674 inactivation by @entity4524 (10 ng) applied immediately after each @entity4113 injections disrupted the US pre-exposure effect, thus confirming its sensory role. However, @entity18674 inactivation 30 min after @entity4113 injections did not interfere with the US pre-exposure effect, in spite of the fact that an identically timed @entity18674 blockade after the acquisition trial disrupted the acquisition of taste aversions. These results stand for the associative role of @entity18674 in taste aversion learning induced by @entity13557 , independent of its sensory role. It is concluded that @entity18674 activity is required after the conditioning trial for the taste-visceral association to take place.

title: Dissociation of the associative and visceral sensory components of taste aversion learning by @entity1022 inactivation of the parabrachial nucleus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine the pattern of @entity74 in southern Iran and evaluate the effect of a @entity1650 laboratory and related efforts. A total of 545 @entity1 with @entity74 were evaluated during 1992-2007 by a cross-sectional study. Data were collected by a data-gathering form. Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall 411 @entity1 had common @entity3459 including 326 @entity447 , 46 @entity4777 , and 39 @entity2880 . Seventy-nine @entity1 had @entity3459 including @entity5630 (n = 26), factor X (n = 18), factor XIII (n = 9), factor I (n = 9), factor XI (n = 7), factor V (n = 4), combined factor @entity797 (n = 4), and combined factor X and factor VII (n = 2). Fifty-five @entity1 had @entity1423 including 23 with @entity1422 , 15 with @entity3742 , and 17 with other @entity1423 , most of which (45) were diagnosed after the establishment of the @entity1650 laboratory. Annual mean number of new diagnosed @entity1 with common and @entity3459 increased from 29 +/- 4 to 38 +/- 17. The ratio of the @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3459 to common @entity3459 significantly increased after the establishment of the comprehensive diagnosis laboratory (P < 0.001).It seems that implementation of collaborative projects by the Shiraz @entity447 Society and the establishment of the @entity1650 laboratory and treatment centers have been successful in increasing diagnosis of the @entity74 and consequently better management of the @entity1 .

title: Spectrum of XXXX in southern Iran, before and after the establishment of @entity1650 laboratory.

entities_list: @entity3742 :: ('MESH:D001606', 'Disease') :: ['Bernard-Soulier syndrome']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet disorders']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive coagulation']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Gene') :: ['VIII and factor V']

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of factor VII']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['rare coagulation disorders', 'rare bleeding disorders', 'bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited bleeding disorders']

entities_list: @entity1422 :: ('MESH:D013915', 'Disease') :: ["Glanzmann's thrombasthenia"]

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand disease']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['inherited bleeding disorders']


abstract: This study examined the effect of @entity3931 or @entity1667 on @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and electrophysiological function after @entity1566 in @entity35 . Three groups of male @entity35 (n = 10 per group) were injured by compression of the cord at T1 for 1 minute with a 52-g clip. The @entity3884 clearance technique was used to measure @entity602 at the T1 segment. Motor and somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded. @entity602 and evoked potentials were measured before injury and again at approximately 1 and 2.5 hours after injury. The @entity1667 group received a bolus of @entity1667 (30 mg/kg) at 5 minutes after injury and then at 15 minutes after injury, the group received an infusion of @entity1667 at 5.4 mg/kg per hour. The @entity3931 group received placebo at 5 minutes and then received an infusion of @entity3931 at 0.02 mg/kg per hour at 15 minutes. The placebo group received placebo at both times. Physiological parameters were closely monitored and maintained within the normal range. Albumin was administered after injury to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at or above 80 mm Hg. The infusions were continued for approximately 3 hours after @entity1566 . @entity602 was not significantly different between the experimental groups at either 1 or 2.5 hours postinjury (P = 0.16 and 0.71, respectively), and evoked potential responses did not return in any @entity35 at any time after injury. Thus, this experiment failed to demonstrate an improvement in @entity602 or electrophysiological function with either drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spinal cord blood flow and evoked potential responses after treatment with @entity3931 or XXXX in spinal cord-injured @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['SCBF', 'spinal cord blood flow']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is now well documented that @entity905 is a viable treatment option for @entity1 with @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ), and there is a small body of evidence indicating that @entity1154 oxidase inhibitors may be effective in at least a subset of @entity1 . The authors conducted a 10-week placebo-controlled trial of these two agents in @entity1 who met DSM-III-R criteria for @entity3119 . METHOD: Sixty-four subjects were randomly assigned to receive placebo, @entity20919 (60 mg/day), or @entity905 (80 mg/day). These doses were achieved by the end of week 3 of the active phase of the study. Outcomes were assessed with standardized instruments to measure @entity3119 , mood, and @entity148 . RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant difference among the three treatments on one @entity3119 scale, with @entity905 -treated @entity1 improving significantly more than those in the placebo or @entity20919 group. A subgroup of @entity3119 @entity1 with symmetry obsessions did respond to @entity20919 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides no evidence to support the use of @entity20919 in @entity3119 except possibly for those @entity1 with symmetry or other atypical obsessions. There was also no support for the hypothesis that @entity1 with high levels of @entity148 would respond preferentially to @entity20919 .

title: Placebo-controlled trial of @entity905 and @entity20919 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity20919 :: ('MESH:D010624', 'Chemical') :: ['phenelzine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: There is increasing evidence that @entity76 may be a causal factor in @entity5545 . The cerebellum is considered to be the major structure involved in classical conditioning of the eyeblink response. In a direct test of @entity76 in learning, 13 dyslexic @entity1 (mean age 19.5 years) and 13 control @entity1 matched for age and IQ undertook an eyeblink conditioning experiment in which for 60 acquisition trials an 800-ms auditory tone (conditioned stimulus, CS) was presented. On 70% of the trials an 80-ms corneal airpuff (unconditioned stimulus, US) was presented 720 ms after the tone onset. The @entity76 hypothesis, uniquely of the causal hypotheses for @entity5545 , predicts that the dyslexic @entity1 would show abnormal performance in the incidence and/or timing of the conditioned response (CR) of an eyeblink in response to the tone (and before the US). Three of the dyslexic group showed no conditioning at all. Furthermore, the dyslexic group showed significantly worse "tuning" of the CR timing, together with significantly reduced @entity734 of the orienting response (OR) to the CS. Individual analyses indicated that 85% of the dyslexic group showed either no conditioning or abnormally poor CR tuning and/or abnormally low OR @entity734 . It is concluded that the findings provide further converging evidence of @entity76 in @entity5545 and for the first time demonstrate that there are fundamental abnormalities in the way that dyslexic @entity1 learn. Equally important, the @entity2194 paradigm provides a method of investigating further both homogeneity and heterogeneity in the @entity4207 underlying @entity5545 and other @entity245 .

title: Eyeblink conditioning indicates @entity76 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye blink conditioning']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar deficit', 'cerebellar function', 'cerebellar abnormality']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['habituation']

answer: @entity5545 :: (MESH:D004410,Disease) :: ['dyslexia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether a decreased sensitivity to @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6677 (GDM) explains the impairment in the thermogenic response to food (=post-prandial thermogenesis ( @entity3445 )) that is observed in these @entity1 at future risk of @entity28 and @entity2175 . SUBJECTS/METHODS: Ten normal-weight @entity1 with previous GDM and 10 controls matched for body weight, all with normal @entity413 tolerance, had insulin sensitivity, @entity3445 and the thermogenic response to an @entity1425 infusion measured. RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity was similar in the previous GDM compared with control groups: (mean+/-s.e.m.) 29.1+/-3.2 vs 30.9+/-1.6 mg/l/min. The early (0-30 min) @entity3445 response was diminished and delayed in @entity1 with previous GDM compared with controls: (10+/-2 vs 15+/-1 kJ, P=0.04); time constant for @entity3445 (median (interquartile range)) (57 (47-79) vs 29 (25-49) min, P=0.01). The overall @entity3445 response and the thermogenic response to @entity1425 were not significantly different between the groups. The 30 min and 2 h @entity3445 response correlated positively and significantly with the increment in energy expenditure as a result of the @entity1425 infusion (rho=+0.65; P=0.04 and rho=+0.71; P=0.02, respectively) in @entity1 with previous GDM only. There was no correlation between @entity1425 and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of diminished @entity1425 sensitivity but a positive relationship exists between @entity3445 and sensitivity to @entity1425 in @entity1 with previous GDM. The mechanism is not mediated through insulin resistance. This relationship may predispose these normal-weight at-risk @entity1 to future @entity1017 .

title: The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to XXXX in a group at risk for the development of @entity2175 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['earlier gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: Alpha-lactalbumin is a @entity2340 -rich protein fraction. A diet enriched with alpha-lactalbumin increases the ratio of @entity2340 to the other large neutral @entity1522 , which may in turn increase brain @entity750 content. In stress-vulnerable individuals, alpha-lactalbumin improved mood and attenuated the @entity701 response after experimental stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of an alpha-lactalbumin-enriched diet on mood and stress response in recovered @entity308 subjects and healthy controls. Forty-three subjects (twenty-three recovered @entity308 and twenty healthy subjects) received alpha-lactalbumin and casein (placebo) on separate days, in a double-blind randomised crossover design. On both occasions, subjects underwent a stress test (an unsolvable mental arithmetic task with loud noise). The stress test affected mood in both conditions. Although the alpha-lactalbumin diet led to the expected rises in @entity2340 and @entity2340 :large neutral @entity1522 ratio, only minimal effects were found on mood and @entity701 response to experimental stress. The results were the same for recovered @entity308 @entity1 and controls. A 1 d diet enriched with alpha-lactalbumin is not sufficient to prevent a stress-induced @entity1316 or a @entity701 response in unmedicated, recovered @entity308 subjects. Future studies may investigate the effects of longer-term diets or may investigate different samples (e.g. medicated @entity1 ).

title: The effects of a diet enriched with alpha-lactalbumin on mood and @entity701 response in unmedicated recovered XXXX subjects and controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood deterioration']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: Using the nasopharyngeal airway to promote stool drainage is currently limited in general clinical practice. This situation has led to periannal skin care administered by nursing staff not meeting @entity1 expectations for treatment efficacy and speed of recovery. According to previous statistics, the incidence of perianal excoriation was 60.71% in critically ill @entity1 with liquid stool. This project was designed to promote more widespread use of the nasopharyngeal airway to contain watery @entity294 and improve @entity272 . Reasons for not using the nasopharyngeal airway to promote stool drainage identified by the authors included: 1. unclear nursing standards with regard to such procedures; 2. physician resistance to the use of such and 3. lack of education programs related to such procedures. Improvement strategies included: 1. modifying nursing standards with detailed explanations and pictures; 2. earning physician acceptance of such procedures through case conference meetings in ICUs; 3. rescheduling education programs on the implementation of nasopharyngeal airway and skin care for @entity1 with watery @entity294 and 4. establishing case management and nursing consultation systems. Results showed that use of the nasopharyngeal airway increased from an initial 60% to 100% at eight months following project implementation. The perianal excoriation rate fell from 60.71% to 0%. We found that drainage of liquid stool using the nasopharyngeal airway can reduce perianal skin complications. This project may be a valuable reference for other clinical practice to improve care quality.

title: [Promoting the use of the nasopharyngeal airway to treat watery XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: The @entity5 -inherent vasculature plays a major role with respect to @entity5 sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Ultrastructural studies of the @entity5 vasculature are necessary in order to obtain more detailed information on the architecture and structure and on the sites affected by @entity5 therapy. The vasculature of xenotransplanted @entity1 @entity5 on @entity19 was investigated in this study by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Structurally complete, real arteries or veins are neither to be seen in the periphery nor in the center. Large-caliber vessels basically have a capillary wall structure. The endothelial cells show a very alternating height and electron density. Frequently, different cell types and @entity5 cells themselves are apparently involved in the formation of the vessel wall. The endothelium is characterized by very simple, immature cell contacts. In some @entity5 , the amount of vessels without or with incomplete endothelium seems to be higher than the number of structurally real capillaries. This has consequences as well for radiotherapy as for @entity221 and chemotherapy.

title: The vasculature of xenotransplanted XXXX melanomas and sarcomas on @entity19 . II. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 51-year-old @entity1 (Case A) who had suffered from @entity1222 for four years presented with progressive exertional @entity1353 . A 39-year-old @entity1 (Case B) with @entity1222 for eight years presented with @entity712 . INVESTIGATIONS: In Case A we found fixed @entity1030 , @entity519 , @entity3794 , @entity4595 , severe @entity120 and a reduced right ventricular function, in Case B moderate @entity1030 , @entity519 , @entity3794 , @entity2415 and severe @entity120 . TREATMENT AND COURSE: @entity120 due to @entity1222 was assumed in both @entity1 . After treatment with @entity7855 , the @entity1 has experienced long-term improvement for 2.5 years so far. An initially planned lung transplantation was therefore postponed. During inhaled iloprost the @entity1 also showed hemodynamic and clinical improvement and was stable for several years. Five years later recurrent @entity712 required an increase in iloprost dose; lung transplantation was then performed. CONCLUSION: Although no approved drug is available for @entity120 in @entity1222 specific targeted therapies can lead to hemodynamic and long-term clinical improvement. Treatment could be helpful for selected @entity1 with @entity120 in @entity1222 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity1222 : successful treatment with @entity7855 and iloprost].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ["pulmonary Langerhans' cell granulomatosis", "Langerhans' cell granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension', 'precapillary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: Gastrointestinal manifestations and @entity194 can be seen in @entity1 with @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ). In some @entity1 , infectious agents may be responsible, whereas in others, @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) may be the cause. In this study, we investigate the causes and the histopathologic features seen in @entity1 with @entity6078 . Eleven @entity1 with @entity6078 and @entity194 underwent duodenal biopsies, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, and testing for all celiac antibodies. Fifteen @entity1 with @entity6078 and normal villi and 6 @entity1 with @entity1593 but without @entity6078 served as controls. Histologic response to a @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) allowed a diagnosis of @entity1593 in 3 of 11 @entity1 . In the remaining 8, the lack of a histologic response to a @entity1593 or HLA typing excluded @entity1593 . Celiac antibodies gave conflicting results and were of no help. Polymorphonuclear infiltrates and lesions like @entity2132 are seen more often in flat mucosa unresponsive to a @entity1593 . However, the specificity of these findings remains to be determined and response to a @entity1593 remains the only diagnostic criteria for @entity1593 in these @entity1 . Villous atrophy was gluten-sensitive in 3 of 11 @entity1 with @entity6078 . It was not related to @entity1593 in most @entity1 .

title: The significance of duodenal @entity194 in @entity1 with XXXX : a clinical and histopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'gluten-free diet', 'GFD', 'gluten-responsive CD', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['common variable immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

answer: @entity6078 :: (MESH:D017074,Disease) :: ['common variable immunodeficiency']


abstract: Lipid peroxidation is known to be associated with many @entity179 and with @entity131 , but its occurrence in the normal developing brain has not been reported. The present study was carried out using a specific antibody that recognises proteins modified by the end-product of lipid @entity2625 decomposition, @entity11838 ( @entity13789 ), to evaluate evaluate possible lipid peroxidation products in the brains of developing @entity35 by immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Moderately dense labelling was observed in the supraventricular corpus callosum in the 7- and 8-day-old @entity35 , whilst very dense labelling was observed in the same region, in the 9- and 10-day-old @entity35 . Very little immunoreactivity was observed at 14 days, and no staining was observed in the corpus callosum in adult @entity35 . @entity13789 staining was not observed in neuronal cell bodies that give rise to callosal axons in the overlying cerebral cortex. Electron microscopy showed dense @entity13789 staining on the basal laminae of blood vessels and on the plasma membranes of unmyelinated axons. Large numbers of rounded cells with features of oligodendrocyte precursor cells were labelled by Perl's stain in the supraventricular corpus callosum at postnatal day 7 and postnatal day 10, i.e. at times corresponding to high levels of @entity13789 immunoreactivity. In contrast, very few such cells were observed in the adult brain, corresponding to the very little or no Perl's staining in the adult. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation observed in the supraventricular corpus callosum at postnatal day 10 could result from an accumulation of @entity68 in this region, at this time.

title: Lipid peroxidation in the postnatal @entity35 brain. Formation of XXXX in the supraventricular corpus callosum of postnatal @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']

answer: @entity11838 :: (MESH:C027576,Chemical) :: ['4-hydroxynonenal']


abstract: Over 77 million @entity235 and 93 million @entity468 share our households in the United States. Multiple studies have demonstrated the importance of pets in their owners' physical and mental health. Given the large number of companion animals in the United States and the proximity and bond of these animals with their owners, understanding and preventing the diseases that these companions bring with them are of paramount importance. @entity2927 , including toxoplasmosis, @entity1526 , @entity743 , @entity7014 , and @entity232 , can cause insidious @entity281 , with asymptomatic animals being capable of transmitting disease. Giardia and @entity3204 , endemic to the United States, have high prevalences in companion animals. Leishmania and @entity1527 are found regionally within the United States. These diseases have lower prevalences but are significant sources of @entity1 disease globally and are expanding their companion animal distribution. Thankfully, healthy individuals in the United States are protected by intact immune systems and bolstered by good nutrition, sanitation, and hygiene. Immunocompromised individuals, including the growing number of @entity28 and/or @entity6 @entity1 , are at a much higher risk of developing zoonoses. Awareness of these often neglected diseases in all health communities is important for protecting pets and owners. To provide this awareness, this review is focused on zoonotic protozoal mechanisms of virulence, epidemiology, and the transmission of pathogens of consequence to pet owners in the United States.

title: Transmission and epidemiology of XXXX of companion animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['Zoonotic protozoal parasites']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity743 :: ('MESH:D001404', 'Disease') :: ['babesiosis']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity2927 :: (MESH:D015047,Disease) :: ['zoonotic protozoal diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1 with chronic @entity565 hospitalized for an acute exacerbation experienced prolonged clinical recovery after hospital discharge if they returned to a home environment in which they were exposed to environmental @entity286 smoke. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal study. SETTING: @entity1 's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, Wash. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted to the emergency department of the @entity1 's Hospital and Medical Center with the single diagnosis of @entity565 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision [ICD-9] code 493). RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with acute @entity565 were sequentially enrolled in the study and longitudinally observed between February and -June 1994. The @entity286 -smoking group (n = 11) was defined as having at least 1 smoker in the home. The nonsmoking group (n = 11) had no environmental @entity286 smoke exposure at home. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, preadmission chronic @entity565 severity, and immediate predischarge @entity565 status. Discharge medication use was similar in the 2 groups During a 1 month follow-up period, the @entity286 -smoking group had a significantly greater number of symptomatic days than the nonsmoking group (P < .05) Of the @entity1 in the nonsmoking group, 9 (82%) had less than 1 symptomatic day per week compared with 3 (27%) in the @entity286 -smoking group. beta 2-Agonist bronchodilator use declined significantly (P < .001) during follow-up in the nonsmoking group but not in the @entity286 -smoking group, despite similar anti-inflammatory drug therapy in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Recovery by @entity1 after hospitalization for acute @entity565 is impaired by environmental @entity286 smoke exposure when the period of recovery is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and use of @entity565 medication for symptomatic relief. These findings underscore the need to limit environmental @entity286 smoke exposure in @entity1 with @entity565 and argue for closer physician follow-up of those @entity1 returning to a home environment in which smokers are present.

title: Passive smoke exposure impairs recovery after hospitalization for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: To identify potential risk factors related to complications after thyroidectomy, a study was designed that included 675 @entity1 . Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) @entity912 , @entity3747 , serohematoma, wound @entity281 , and @entity86 were evaluated. The rate of @entity912 of the RLN was calculated on nerves at risk for @entity3747 (n = 890) in @entity1 undergoing bilateral procedures or unilateral procedures if they had previously undergone a contralateral operation (n = 321). Multivariate analysis was used to identify the relationships between the variables included in the study. All statistical tests received the same level of significance of 0.05. Permanent @entity3747 occurred in 2.2% of the @entity1 , whereas unilateral @entity912 of the RLN developed in 0.9%. Mortality was 0.1% in this series. The RLN @entity912 had a significant relationship with preoperative diagnosis of @entity5 (P < 0.03). Likewise, @entity3747 was related to sex and surgical procedure (P < 0.03). Serohematoma was linked with age (P < 0.001), and @entity548 was associated with previous radiation of the neck (P < 0.03).

title: Factors related to nerve injury and XXXX in thyroid gland surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3747 :: (MESH:D006996,Disease) :: ['hypocalcemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of double valve replacement on left ventricular function in @entity1 with combined severe rheumatic aortic and @entity339 have not been reported previously. Furthermore, the importance of chordal preservation in this group of @entity1 is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Serial clinical and echocardiographic evaluations were performed prospectively in 44 @entity1 who underwent double valve replacement for combined aortic and @entity339 . Chordae to the posterior mitral leaflet were preserved in 27 @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 40 +/- 19 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased significantly 3 months after surgery (from 66 +/- 10 to 52 +/- 11 mm; P < .001) without a substantial change in end-systolic diameter, resulting in a significant decline in ejection fraction (from 60 +/- 9% to 48 +/- 15%; P < .001). At 1 year, a significant reduction in end-systolic dimension was observed without a concomitant decline in end-diastolic diameter, thus normalizing the ejection fraction (55 +/- 12%; P = .17 versus baseline). No further changes were seen at latest follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis identified baseline end-systolic diameter and ejection fraction as independent predictors of postoperative systolic performance. Chordal preservation did not emerge as a univariate or multivariate predictor. CONCLUSIONS: After an initial postoperative decline in ejection fraction, normalization in left ventricular systolic function may be expected 1 year after double valve replacement for combined rheumatic mitral and @entity337 . End-systolic diameter and ejection fraction are the only independent predictors of postoperative left ventricular performance.

title: Time-related changes in left ventricular function after double valve replacement for combined aortic and XXXX in a young rheumatic population. Predictors of postoperative left ventricular performance and role of chordal preservation.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: Data for the current study were obtained from a divergent selection experiment in which the selection criterion was the average serum @entity4208 concentrations of 3 postweaning blood samples collected from purebred Angus @entity291 . Multiple-trait derivative-free REML procedures were used to obtain genetic parameter estimates for @entity4208 concentrations and for BW and BW gains measured from birth to the conclusion of a 140-d postweaning performance test. Included in the analysis were 2,674 animals in the A(-1) matrix, 1,761 of which had valid records for @entity4208 concentrations. Direct heritability estimates +/- SE for @entity4208 concentration at d 28, 42, and 56 of the postweaning period and for mean @entity4208 concentrations were 0.44 +/- 0.07, 0.51 +/- 0.08, 0.42 +/- 0.07, and 0.52 +/- 0.08, respectively. Heritability estimates for maternal genetic effects ranged from 0.10 +/- 0.05 to 0.20 +/- 0.06. The proportion of total phenotypic variance due to the maternal permanent environmental effect was essentially zero for all measures of @entity4208 concentrations. Genetic correlations of @entity4208 concentrations with weaning and post-weaning BW ranged from 0.07 +/- 0.12 to 0.32 +/- 0.11 and generally demonstrated an increasing trend during the postweaning period. Averaged across the various measures of @entity4208 , the genetic correlation of @entity4208 with preweaning gain was 0.14, whereas the genetic correlation with postweaning gain was 0.29. Genetic correlations between @entity4208 and BW gain were positive during all time intervals, except between weaning and the beginning of the postweaning test and from d 84 to 112 of the postweaning period. Environmental and phenotypic correlations of @entity4208 with BW and BW gains were generally positive, but small. These results indicate that postweaning serum @entity4208 concentration is moderately to highly heritable and has small positive genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations with BW other than birth weight and with pre- and postweaning gain. Therefore, if @entity4208 proves to be a biological indicator of an economically important trait (e.g., efficiency of feed use for growth) in beef @entity291 , it should be possible to rapidly change @entity4208 concentrations via selection without significantly altering live weight or rate of gain.

title: Genetic parameter estimates for serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations, and body weight and weight gains in Angus beef XXXX divergently selected for serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) are often underdiagnosed in the out- @entity1 @entity302 clinic. This work aimed at determining the risks and comorbidities (psychopathological and neurobiological correlates) of OCSs in treated adults with @entity3762 recruited from a university hospital. METHODS: Psychiatric evaluation was done using DSM-IV (The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 ). @entity3119 was identified using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were used to determine the severity of the related @entity146 symptoms. RESULTS: Out of 474 @entity1 screened, included in this study were 107 with no @entity146 symptoms and 188 with OCSs [classified as those with at least OCSs=93; mild OCSs=36; moderate, severe, and extreme OCSs=59]. A hundred healthy subjects were included as controls. Blood concentrations of @entity750 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 , and @entity935 were measured. Compared with controls, @entity1 with OCSs had higher frequencies of @entity308 and @entity148 . Low concentrations of @entity750 , @entity1425 , @entity1063 , and @entity935 were reported regardless of the presence or the absence of @entity146 symptoms, OCS severities, and antiepileptic drug (AED)-related variables (dose and serum drug level). Significant correlations were identified between Y-BOCS, BDI-II, and HAM-A scores, age, age at onset, and concentrations of @entity1063 . CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a) OCSs are common in @entity1 with @entity302 . Male sex, age, duration of illness, @entity410 focus, lateralization, and intractability to AEDs are its main risks; b) @entity308 and @entity148 are comorbid psychopathologies; and c) @entity750 , @entity2661 , and @entity935 are linked to @entity302 -related variables and its comorbid psychopathies but not to its medications.

title: Psychopathological and peripheral levels of neurobiological correlates of @entity3119 in @entity1 with XXXX : a hospital-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Health Disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['Obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) and disorder', 'Obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']