abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) has been studied extensively as the only factor reflecting angiogenesis and a prognostic factor in various @entity5 . Macrophages and @entity1015 ( @entity1015 ) also play important roles in regulating angiogenesis. The present study was conducted to examine the interrelationship of @entity2101 , liver macrophages and @entity1015 -positive cells in @entity1 with @entity201 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty-one @entity1 underwent resection of @entity201 , and samples of the @entity5 were immunostained with @entity2280 antibody to evaluate the relationship between @entity2101 and prognosis. Double immunohistochemical labeling for @entity469 and @entity1015 -positive cells was performed and classified as grade 0, grade 1, or grade 2 according to the number of double-positive cells. We also evaluated the relationship between the double-positive cell grading and prognosis or @entity2101 , and furthermore the relationship between @entity5 cell @entity1015 immunoreactivity and prognosis or @entity2101 . RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that @entity1 with a median @entity2101 exceeding 48/field had asignificantly poorer prognosis (p=0.02). The survival rate of grade 2 @entity1 was significantly worse than that of the other two groups (p=0.011, p=0.0001), and the survival rate of grade 1 @entity1 was significantly worse than that of grade 0 @entity1 (p=0.007). @entity2101 differed significantly among the three grades (p=0.0007, Kruskal-Wallis test), and there was a significant positive correlation between @entity2101 and grade (p=0.0001). No correlation was observed between @entity2101 and the number of cells positive for PD- @entity1015 alone (p=0.42). Neither the survival rate nor @entity2101 of @entity1015 (+) @entity1 differed significantly from that of @entity1015 (-) @entity1 (p=0.08, p=0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Although the present results are based on a small number of @entity1 , they suggest that liver macrophages at the invasive margin of @entity201 might contribute to @entity5 angiogenesis through @entity1015 secretion, and thus influence the prognosis of @entity1 .

title: Interrelationship of XXXX , liver macrophages, and @entity5 microvessel density in @entity1 with @entity201 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1015 :: ('1890', 'Gene') :: ['PD-ECGF', 'ECGF', 'platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'Microvessel density']

answer: @entity1015 :: (1890,Gene) :: ['platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor']


abstract: Endoscopic tracheoplasty is used for the relief of @entity1224 because of several benign conditions such as postintubation @entity850 , @entity32 such as @entity2883 , and benign neoplastic processes. Several endoscopic treatment modalities exist for these conditions, all with good initial results. However, recurrence is common and often requires frequent reintervention. @entity1347 resection is a novel therapeutic approach that could potentially provide a durable solution. @entity1347 resection was performed in 3 Yorkshire @entity1707 under general anesthesia. A combination of bipolar cautery and sharp dissection was used to resect 25% to 33% of the circumference of a single @entity8276 . Technical success was achieved in all 3 animals with no intraoperative complications. Full-thickness excision, including the anterior perichondrium, was performed in 1 animal without violation of the pretracheal fascia, with no subcutaneous @entity2415 or clinically apparent pneumothorax. Average operative time was 31 minutes and estimated @entity190 was minimal. Heart rate, @entity26 saturation, and peak airway pressures were maintained within normal ranges during the procedure and for the 60-minute postoperative period. Histologic analysis of the resected specimen confirmed complete thickness excision of the segment of tracheal cartilage. Endoscopic tracheoplasty by segmental @entity8276 resection is a safe and feasible technique in a porcine model. Long-term durability could potentially outlast other endoscopic techniques for the treatment of @entity6184 . Survival studies in a porcine model of @entity6184 must be performed to assess the long-term outcomes of this approach.

title: Endoscopic tracheoplasty: segmental XXXX resection in a porcine model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Endoscopic segmental tracheal ring']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['bening tracheal stenosis', 'tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Wegener granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity8276 :: (MESH:D014133,Disease) :: ['tracheal ring']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ), socio-cultural risk factors, and body image characteristics in two populations of female adolescents, one Mexican and one Spanish, from similar socio-economic backgrounds. METHOD: A total of 467 Spanish and 329 Mexican @entity1 aged from 11-12 to 17-18 years were assessed using the Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26), the CETCA (Eating Disorders Assessment Questionnaire), the CIMEC (Questionnaire on Influences on Body Shape Model), and a survey of socio-demographic and risk factors produced for this study. RESULTS: One out of four subjects showed a significant risk of an @entity1277 and 6-7% probably already had one. No significant differences were found between the two samples. Significant differences were found in risk behaviors: more Spanish @entity1 reported body dissatisfaction and binging; more Mexican @entity1 had a history of @entity146 and psychological treatment, pressure from parents and friends to lose weight, dieting, physical activity and @entity391 to lose weight, and a history of greater weight loss. In both the groups around 50% of subjects wanted to increase the size of their breasts. However, significantly more Mexican @entity1 desired thinner arms and narrower shoulders and back, and more Spanish @entity1 wanted thinner hips, buttocks, and legs, parts of the body that many Mexicans wanted to increase. CONCLUSIONS: Risk behaviors and the ideal body models of these Spanish and Mexican adolescent @entity1 varied significantly, indicating major socio-cultural differences. However, the prevalence of @entity1277 was similar. Further research should aim to clarify whether the similarities found between this Spanish sample and a Mexican sample taken from an upper-middle class urban environment, a minority that is unrepresentative of the general population, are also observed in samples from other sectors of Mexican society.

title: XXXX and body image in Spanish and Mexican female adolescents.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'ED', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['Eating disorders']


abstract: Disturbed flow patterns, including reversal in flow direction, are key factors in the development of dysfunctional endothelial cells (ECs) and @entity731 . An almost immediate response of ECs to fluid shear stress is the increase in cytosolic @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)). Whether the source of [ @entity141 ](i) is extracellular, released from @entity141 intracellular stores, or both is still undefined, though it is likely dependent on the nature of forces involved. We have previously shown that a change in flow direction (retrograde flow) on a flow-adapted endothelial monolayer induces the remodeling of the cell-cell junction along with a dramatic [ @entity141 ](i) burst compared with cells exposed to unidirectional or orthograde flow. The heterotrimeric G protein-a q and 11 subunit (Ga(q/11)) is a likely candidate in effecting shear-induced increases in [ @entity141 ](i) since its expression is enriched at the junction and has been previously shown to be activated within seconds after onset of flow. In flow-adapted @entity1 ECs, we have investigated to what extent the Ga(q/11) pathway mediates @entity460 dynamics after reversal in flow direction. We observed that the elapsed time to peak [ @entity141 ](i) response to a 10 dyn/cm(2) retrograde shear stress was increased by 11 s in cells silenced with small interfering RNA directed against Ga(q/11). A similar lag in [ @entity141 ](i) transient was observed after cells were treated with the phospholipase C (PLC)-by inhibitor, @entity4385 , or the @entity4357 -specific PLC inhibitor, @entity34158 , compared with controls. Lower levels of @entity671 accumulation seconds after the onset of flow correlated with the increased lag in [ @entity141 ](i) responses observed with the different treatments. In addition, inhibition of the @entity671 receptor entirely abrogated flow-induced [ @entity141 ](i). Taken together, our results identify the Ga(q/11)-PLC pathway as the initial trigger for retrograde flow-induced endoplasmic reticulum @entity460 store release, thereby offering a novel approach to regulating EC dysfunctions in regions subjected to the reversal of blood flow.

title: Gaq/11-mediated intracellular XXXX responses to retrograde flow in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity34158 :: ('MESH:C026659', 'Chemical') :: ['edelfosine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: AIMS: We report our initial 3-year experience of chemoradiotherapy for cervical @entity5 with computed tomography-based image-guided @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) brachytherapy using the tandem-ring applicator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated between February 2005 and December 2007. All @entity1 received initial external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) followed by @entity1168 brachytherapy (planned dose 21 Gy to point A in three fractions over 8 days). For each insertion, a computed tomography scan was obtained with the brachytherapy applicator in situ. The cervix, uterus and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured on the computed tomography images to create an individualised dosimetry plan. The D(90) (the dose delivered to 90% of the @entity5 target), V(100) (the percentage of @entity5 target volume receiving 100% of the prescribed dose) and the minimum dose in the most exposed 2 cm(3) volume (D(2 cc)) of rectum, bladder and bowel were recorded. The equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions delivered by EBRT and brachytherapy was calculated. RESULTS: The 3-year @entity5 -specific survival was 81%, with a pelvic control rate of 96%. In 24 @entity1 , a D(90)>or=74 Gy (alpha/beta10) was achieved. The only @entity1 with local recurrence had a D(90) of 63.8 Gy(alpha/beta10). The overall actuarial risk of serious late morbidity was 14%. Seventeen @entity1 had satisfactory OAR doses using the standard loading pattern. Seven @entity1 had modifications to reduce the risk of @entity137 , whereas two had modifications to improve the @entity5 dose. Comparison with a previous cohort of @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy and a conventionally planned low dose rate triple source brachytherapy technique showed an improvement in local pelvic control of 20% (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a computed tomography-based tandem-ring @entity1168 brachytherapy technique in conjunction with individual dose adaptation has resulted in a significant improvement in local control at Addenbrooke's without increasing the risk of serious @entity137 , and with little effect on radiotherapy resources.

title: Clinical impact of computed tomography-based image-guided brachytherapy for XXXX using the tandem-ring applicator - the Addenbrooke's experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervix cancer']


abstract: To investigate the effects of mutant ras expression on the growth and differentiation of normal @entity1 bone marrow, we used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. A retrovirus (HR-1) containing a mutant ras gene (H12-ras) in addition to the selectable neo gene was transferred by cocultivation of a packaging cell line with long-term cultures of normal @entity1 bone marrow. Controls were established by cocultivating aliquots of the same bone marrow with a retrovirus (VSN-2) containing only neo. The efficiency of gene transfer, as determined by the percentage of G418-resistant colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM) immediately after termination of cocultivation, was similar: 8 +/- 4% with HR-1 and 5 +/- 3% with VSN-2. After a further week in long-term culture, there was an increase in the number and percentage of G418-resistant CFU-GM in both the @entity281 marrows. Thereafter, the numbers of G418-resistant CFU-GM declined, becoming undetectable at 4 weeks. The time course of the production of G418-resistant colonies was not significantly different in HR-1- and VSN-2-infected marrows, indicating that H12-ras did not alter the proliferation of normal CFU-GM. However, the total cellularity of @entity281 marrow cultures was significantly greater than that of @entity236 . This was due to increased cellular proliferation of @entity281 cultured cells, since differential counts showed a significant increase in myeloid blast cells together with a slight reduction in mature myeloid cells in @entity281 marrow compared to baseline and to VSN-2-infected marrow. No leukemic blast cell colonies were grown from @entity281 marrows or control marrows, and HR-1 infection did not confer serum independence. These data show successful @entity281 of normal bone marrow progenitor cells and suggest that expression of mutant H12-ras in such cells results in enhanced proliferation of early myeloid cells at the expense of differentiation.

title: Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of a mutant H-ras gene into normal XXXX bone marrow alters myeloid cell proliferation and differentiation.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HR-1-infected', 'retroviral infection', 'HR-1-infected and VSN-2-infected']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['VSN-2-infected marrow cultures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe CT findings of the parietal pleura and extrapleural space in @entity1 with chronic @entity9130 and to compare them with histopathologic findings following decortication. METHOD: Chest CT scans obtained from 13 @entity1 with chronic @entity9130 who underwent decortication were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 were @entity1 from 18 to 67 years old (mean 42 years old). CT findings of the parietal pleura and extrapleural space were correlated with histopathologic findings in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Histopathologically, the enhanced parietal pleural peel on CT was fibrous collagenous tissue, and a low attenuated layer with 2 mm thickness within the parietal pleural peel (n = 2) was either a layer of histiocytes or caseation @entity39 . The extrapleural space seen as an intermediate attenuation in six @entity1 on CT was the proliferation of vessels, inflammatory cells, and @entity738 in loose collagen background. The linear soft tissue attenuation interrupting the extrapleural fat (n = 5) on CT was a collagenous fibrous layer with proliferation of vessels and inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: A layer of low attenuation in the parietal pleural peel may be due to different episodes of @entity281 . The extrapleural space with intermediate attenuation may indicate ongoing @entity32 . Linear soft tissue attenuation interrupting the extrapleural fat represents a fibrous layer rather than the subcostalis muscle.

title: Parietal pleura and extrapleural space in chronic XXXX : CT-pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9130 :: ('MESH:D004654', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous empyema']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity9130 :: (MESH:D004654,Disease) :: ['tuberculous empyema']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Up to 40% of primary @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) expand within the first 24 hours (natural history). The authors aimed to study the safety and preliminary efficacy of @entity929 ( @entity930 ) in halting ICH enlargement. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity1410 volumes ranging from 5 to 80 mL were recruited within 12 hours of ICH onset. A total of 5 g EACA was infused during 1 hour and then 1 g/hour for 23 hours. @entity1410 volume was compared on baseline, and 24-48-hour brain imaging. Consecutive untreated @entity1 underwent the same imaging protocol. RESULTS: Three of the first five @entity1 treated had HE>33% of their baseline volume. HE occurred in two of the nine untreated @entity1 . The 80% confidence interval for HE in the treated @entity1 was 32-88%. No @entity715 or other serious adverse events were attributed to EACA. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that the rate of HE in @entity1 given EACA within 12 hours of ICH is less than the natural history rate, although this treatment appears to be safe.

title: Treatment of acute XXXX with @entity929 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity929 :: ('MESH:D015119', 'Chemical') :: ['epsilon-aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages', 'ICHs']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: Synchronous appearance of 2 different @entity5 in one @entity1 is a rare phenomenon. We describe our experience of 2 @entity1 with @entity5 of the testis and thyroid gland, and of a third @entity1 who developed a @entity259 unrelated to recent treatment for a @entity2971 . The medical records of 3 male @entity1 treated for both a @entity2971 and a @entity259 between 1989 and 1994 were reviewed. Two @entity1 with @entity10711 received postoperative chemotherapy after orchiectomy and developed a @entity1377 of the thyroid during treatment. A third @entity1 , who received radiation therapy for a clinical stage 1 @entity4797 , recurred with biopsy proven @entity4797 in the neck in association with a thyroid nodule 2 years later. All 3 @entity1 had their @entity259 treated by surgical resection, and one received adjuvant radioactive @entity1496 . Two of the @entity1 are currently alive and disease-free. One @entity1 died of @entity358 that stemmed from @entity1732 @entity137 . Synchronous appearance of @entity2971 and @entity1377 of the thyroid has not been previously described. Genetic predisposition may play a role in the development of such simultaneous @entity5 .

title: Synchronous appearance of @entity2971 and XXXX of the thyroid.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous malignancies', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid neoplasm']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrotherapy for chronic @entity1897 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 with symptoms and signs of @entity1897 were randomized to the electrotherapy or sham treatment (control) group. The electrostimulation was given by a portable unit (H-Wave machine) than generated a biphasic, exponentially decaying waveform (pulse width 4 ms, 25-35 V, > or = 2 Hz). @entity1 treated each of their lower extremities for 30 min daily for 4 weeks at home. Nine @entity1 from the sham-treatment group participated for a second period, during which all of them received the active electrotherapy. @entity1 's degree of @entity158 and discomfort was graded on a scale of 0 to 5. RESULTS: In the sham-treated group (n = 13), the @entity1109 improved in five (38%) @entity1 , and the @entity158 score declined from 2.92 +/- 0.13 to 2.38 +/- 0.26 (P < 0.04), suggesting a procedure-related placebo effect. In the electrotherapy group (n = 18), symptomatic improvement was seen in 15 (83%) cases, 3 of which were completely asymptomatic; the @entity158 score declined from 3.17 +/- 0.12 to 1.44 +/- 0.25 (P < 0.01) and the posttreatment @entity158 scores were considerably lower (P < 0.03), indicating a substantial treatment effect over and above any placebo influence. @entity1 in the electrotherapy group reported greater reduction in symptoms (52 +/- 7% vs. 27 +/- 10% in control subjects, P < 0.05) on an analog scale. Moreover, the electrotherapy decreased @entity158 scores (from 3.0 +/- 0.62 to 1.56 +/- 0.32, P < 0.02) in nine @entity1 who had received sham treatment earlier. CONCLUSIONS: A form of transcutaneous electrotherapy ameliorated the @entity158 and discomfort associated with @entity1897 . This novel modality offers a potential non-pharmacological treatment option.

title: XXXX : amelioration of @entity158 with transcutaneous electrostimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['painful peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Diabetic peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Back @entity158 is one of the most common problems in primary care. Antidepressant medication is often prescribed, especially for chronic back discomfort, to alleviate @entity158 and restore the @entity1 's ability to conduct activities of daily living. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of antidepressants in treating back @entity158 in adults. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLit, Cinhal, EMBASE, AIDSLINE, HealthSTAR, CANCERLIT, the Cochrane Library (clinical trials registry and the Database of Systematic Reviews), Micromedex, and Federal Research in Progress databases and references of reviewed articles. Included articles were written in English and dealt with randomized placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant medication use among adults with @entity615 . Two reviewers abstracted data independently. Two continuous outcomes, change in back @entity158 severity and ability to perform activities of daily living, were measured. Study quality was assessed with the methods used by Jadad and colleagues, and data were synthesized using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Nine randomized controlled trials with 10 treatment arms and 504 @entity1 were included. Seven treatment arms included @entity1 with @entity308 . @entity1 had @entity615 , averaging 10.4 years. @entity1 treated with antidepressants were more likely to improve in @entity158 severity than those taking placebo (standardized mean difference, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.61) but not in activities of daily living (standardized mean difference, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, -0.21-0.69). @entity1 treated with antidepressants experienced more adverse effects (22% vs 14%, P =.01) than those receiving placebo. CONCLUSION: Antidepressants are more effective than placebo in reducing @entity158 severity but not functional status in @entity615 .

title: The effect of antidepressant treatment on XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['chronic back pain']


abstract: A phase II trial was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of the semisynthetic vinca alkaloid @entity1206 (VNR) when combined with @entity3003 in recurrent and/or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 . Treatment consisted of VNR 30 mg/m2 in 250 ml saline, infused over 30 min on days 1 + 8, and @entity3003 300 mg/m2 in 1,000 ml saline, infused over 2 h on day 1. Treatment was continued in @entity1 achieving objective response or stable disease for a total of 6 courses. 24 @entity1 entered this trial, 12 of whom had received prior induction chemotherapy and radiation, 2 had palliative chemotherapy and 10 had only radiation and/or surgery. We observed 2 partial response (9.5%), stable disease in 6 @entity1 (28.5%) and progressive disease in 13 (62%). The dose-limiting @entity137 was myelosuppression with grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 in 11 @entity1 (46%). @entity882 was seen in only 2 @entity1 . The most frequent nonhematological @entity137 was an acute @entity158 at the @entity5 site. None of the @entity1 experienced @entity16 or chemically induced @entity3527 . VNR combined with @entity3003 does not appear to improve the therapeutic armentarium in recurrent @entity957 of the @entity135 .

title: @entity1206 and XXXX in recurrent and/or metastatic @entity957 of the @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: AR-V7, a ligand independent splice variant of @entity342 receptor, may support the growth of castration resistant @entity263 and have prognostic value. Another variant, @entity53168 , interferes with AR-V7 activity. We investigated whether AR-V7 or V1 expression would predict biochemical recurrence in @entity1 at indeterminate (about 50%) risk for progression following radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity16728 transcripts in a mixed grade cohort of 53 @entity1 in whom @entity5 contained 30% to 70% Gleason grade 4/5 and in a grade 3 only cohort of 52 were measured using a branched chain DNA assay. Spearman rank correlations of the transcripts, and histomorphological and clinical variables were determined. @entity16728 levels were assessed as determinants of recurrence in the mixed grade cohort by logistic regression and survival analysis. The impact of @entity5435 -ERG gene fusion on prognosis was also evaluated. RESULTS: Neither AR-V7 nor V1 levels in grade 3 or 4/5 @entity5 in the mixed grade cohort were associated with recurrence or time to recurrence. However, @entity16728 inversely correlated with serum @entity1486 and positively correlated with age. The @entity53168 level in grade 3 @entity5 in the grade 3 only cohort was higher than in grade 3 or grade 4/5 components of mixed grade @entity5 . @entity5435 -ERG fusion was not associated with AR-V7, @entity53168 or recurrence but it was associated with the percent of grade 4/5 @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity53168 or V7 transcript level does not predict recurrence in @entity1 with high grade @entity263 at indeterminate risk for progression. Grade 3 @entity5 in mixed grade @entity5 may differ from 100% grade 3 @entity5 , at least in @entity53168 expression.

title: Transcript levels of @entity342 receptor variant @entity53168 or AR-V7 do not predict recurrence in @entity1 with XXXX at indeterminate risk for progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Protein turnover is a cyclic process with a net loss of protein in the (catabolic) fasted state and a net gain in the (anabolic) fed state. In @entity6602 ( @entity6602 ) the early block of degradation of the branched-chain @entity1522 (BCAA) brings about the opportunity for evaluation of the diurnal variation in net protein anabolism and catabolism by studying cyclic changes in the plasma concentrations of BCAA. The alterations in plasma BCAA in a 3-y-old @entity1 with classical @entity6602 were studied in the fed and fasted state over a period of 19 months. For each @entity535 a total of 34 data pairs was calculated. The plasma concentrations of the BCAA @entity368 , @entity4857 and @entity6778 were constantly higher in the fasted than in the fed state. Plasma concentrations of @entity56933 , being a non-protein @entity535 , did not participate in cyclic changes. In contrast, the essential @entity535 pair @entity669 and @entity815 increased after meals. The fasting concentration of @entity493 increased after feeding, while @entity2228 did not change significantly. Healthy subjects show a decrease in all @entity1522 in the fasted (mild catabolic) state and an increase in the fed state. These findings in @entity6602 suggest a net decrease in non-BCAA as result of a greater rate of @entity535 oxidation rate than of protein breakdown and a net entry of BCAA into plasma in the fasted state due to the specific @entity209 . Such changes in @entity535 plasma pools have to be taken into account during monitoring of treatment and especially when in vivo @entity368 oxidation is assessed.

title: Diurnal changes in plasma XXXX in @entity6602 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity56933 :: ('CHEBI:22359', 'Chemical') :: ['alloisoleucine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic block']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['maple syrup urine disease', 'MSUD']

answer: @entity1522 :: (CHEBI:33709,Chemical) :: ['amino acids']


abstract: The effect of treatment for 5 weeks with @entity3034 (200 mg/kg/24 h) plus carbidopa (25 mg/kg/24 h) on the behavioral recovery produced by @entity35 fetal ventral mesencephalon grafts implanted into the striatum of @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 was assessed. Animals with unilateral @entity2955 lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway and a sham graft (Group A) showed persistent high rates of rotation in response to the administration of @entity3826 (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) ( @entity717 ) or @entity4944 (5 mg/kg, i.p.) ( @entity717 ). Treatment of sham-grafted animals with @entity3034 plus @entity11412 had no effect on the rate of rotation to @entity3826 or @entity4944 (Group B). The proportion of animals showing marked stereotypy following @entity3826 administration was greater in sham-grafted animals receiving @entity3034 and carbidopa than in sham-grafted animals alone. Animals receiving unilateral @entity2955 lesions followed by a fetal graft (Group C) showed a reduction in @entity3826 -induced @entity717 and a complete reversal of @entity4944 -induced @entity717 when assessed 6 weeks later. The reductions in @entity3826 - and @entity4944 -induced rotational behaviour produced by the fetal graft in animals with a @entity2955 lesion were not altered by treatment with @entity3034 plus carbidopa (Group D). The proportion of animals showing marked @entity3826 -induced stereotypy did not change significantly in either group over time. In @entity35 with a unilateral @entity2955 lesion receiving fetal @entity935 grafts, treatment with high doses of @entity3034 and carbidopa for 5 weeks does not have a detrimental effect on the functional activity of the grafts as assessed by reduction of @entity3826 - and @entity4944 -induced motor asymmetry. The continuation of @entity3034 therapy may not adversely affect fetal graft survival and growth in @entity1 with @entity191 .

title: The effect of chronic @entity3034 treatment on the recovery of motor function in @entity2955 -lesioned XXXX receiving ventral mesencephalic grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11412 :: ('MESH:D002230', 'Chemical') :: ['carbidopa']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral rotation', 'ipsilateral rotation']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine how different proteins in a @entity1735 -protein beverage affect postprandial @entity535 (AA), @entity413 , and insulin responses. METHODS: Two randomized, repeated-measures experiments were performed. In one, 10 volunteers drank 3 @entity1735 -protein beverages (380 kcal, 76 g @entity1735 , 19 g protein, 2 g fat) in separate (>7 days) trials, each differing in protein type. All drinks consisted of @entity6353 (4 g) and nonfat dry milk (1 g) supplemented with casein (CAS), whey (WP), or a casein and whey blend (CAS-WP). Ten additional volunteers consumed the same drinks after 60 min of varying-intensity exercise (60% and 85% VO2peak). Blood @entity413 , insulin, @entity413 -dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP), and AAs were measured every 15-30 min for 4 hr after beverage consumption. RESULTS: Branched-chain AA concentrations peaked at 30 min and did not differ between beverages at rest (0.69 +/- 0.12 mmol/L) or postexercise (0.70 +/- 0.07 mmol/L). There were no significant differences between beverages with respect to initial (time 0-60) or total area under the curve (time 0-240) for any outcome measures at rest or postexercise. CONCLUSION: High- @entity1735 beverages containing various proportions of milk proteins procured from a supplier to the commercial industry had no impact on AA concentration. Retrospective chemical analysis of commercial proteins showed that casein was partially hydrolyzed; therefore, consumers should carefully consider the manufacturer (to ensure that the product contains intact protein) or other factors (i.e., cost or taste) when procuring these beverages for their purported physiological effects.

title: Plasma XXXX responses after consumption of beverages with varying protein type.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a distressing condition for which no satisfactory treatment is available. Studies on hormonal mechanisms responsible for @entity1751 point towards altered end-organ sensitivity, probably related to the enzyme 5a reductase that converts @entity251 to @entity586 . @entity585 , an inhibitor of type II 5a reductase, has been reported to be effective in recalcitrant @entity1751 . AIM: To study the effectiveness and tolerability of @entity585 in @entity1 with @entity1751 in a preliminary trial. METHODS: Seven @entity1 (five @entity1 and two @entity1 ) with @entity1751 that was not responding well to antibiotics were treated with @entity585 at a dose of 5 mg/day as monotherapy. Clinical response was assessed at regular intervals. @entity1 were followed up for periods varying from 8 months to 2 years. RESULTS: Six @entity1 improved significantly and three of them had complete healing of lesions. Two @entity1 who were followed up for more than 1 year experienced remissions lasting 8-18 months. The drug was generally well tolerated; however, two @entity1 complained of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The results of this preliminary study suggest that @entity585 is an effective therapeutic option in @entity1751 .

title: XXXX treated with @entity585 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast enlargement']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['Finasteride', 'finasteride']

answer: @entity1751 :: (MESH:D017497,Disease) :: ['Hidradenitis suppurativa']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the 5-year survival after first-ever @entity385 and @entity1779 . In this study 836 @entity1 were analyzed with a first-ever @entity64 admitted at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, from January 1(st) 1997 to December 31(st) 1998. Of these 613 (73,3%) were @entity385 and 223 @entity1779 (26,7%) @entity510 were excluded. After hospitalization surviving @entity1 examined periodically, and a final examination was performed 5 years after the @entity64 . Overall, case-fatility at the first month was 36% (301/836) and the mortality rate was significantly higher in the @entity1 with @entity1779 (58,3% vs. 27,9%, p<0,0001). The first year survived 60% @entity1 with @entity385 , and 38% with @entity1779 . After 5 years, 188 (31%) @entity1 with @entity385 and 53 (24%) with @entity1779 were alive (p=0,5), and the cumulative survival rate for the entire study was 29%. Among 30-day survivors (n=535) surviving rate after 5 years was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1779 (57% vs. 42,5%, p=0,01). The survival rate was the highest for those 50 years and younger (57%), and the lowest for those aged over 70 years (9%). Predictors of 5-year mortality were older age and @entity101 for both types of @entity64 , @entity299 for @entity385 and @entity6 for @entity1779 . Long-term survival after first-ever @entity385 and @entity1779 is similar. However, among 30-day survivors the 5-year survival is better in @entity1 with @entity1779 .

title: Five-year survival-after first-ever XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhages', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: @entity33701 is an @entity74 of the urea cycle. With the exception of the French-Canadian founder effect, no common mutation has been detected in other populations. In this study, we collected 16 additional @entity33701 cases and expanded the spectrum of @entity56898 / @entity56273 mutations. Eleven novel mutations were identified including six new missense and one microrearrangement. We also measured the transport properties of the recombinant purified proteins in reconstituted liposomes for four new and two previously reported missense mutations and proved that the transport activities of these mutant forms of @entity56273 were reduced as compared with the wild-type protein; residual activity ranged between 4% and 19%. Furthermore, we designed three-dimensional (3D)-modeling of mutant @entity56273 proteins. While modeling the changes in silico allowed us to obtain new information on the pathomechanisms underlying @entity33701 , we found no clear-cut genotype-phenotype correlations. Although @entity1 metabolic alterations responded well to low-protein therapy, predictions concerning the long-term evolution of @entity33701 remain uncertain. The preference for a hepatic rather than a neurological presentation at onset also continues, largely, to elude us. Neither modifications in oxidative metabolism-related energy, such as those expected in different mtDNA haplogroups, nor sequence variants in @entity56899 / @entity55703 seem to be crucial. Other factors, including protein stability and function, and @entity56273 - @entity55703 structural interactions should be further investigated.

title: Identification of novel mutations in the @entity56898 gene in XXXX : a clinical, molecular, and functional study.

entities_list: @entity33701 :: ('MESH:C538380', 'Disease') :: ['HHH syndrome', 'Hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome', 'HHH']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

answer: @entity33701 :: (MESH:C538380,Disease) :: ['hyperornithinemia-hyperammonemia-homocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome']


abstract: This study reports the incidence of @entity876 expression in 40 @entity1 with recurrent nodal metastasis from @entity189 ( @entity189 ) and its prognostic value in this group of @entity1 . Immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal antibody specific for @entity1 @entity876 protein was performed on the @entity5 -bearing nodes from 40 @entity1 . The results were divided into four grades (I, negative; II, < 10% of cells positive; III, 10-50% of cells positive; and IV, > 50% of cells positive). The staining scores were correlated with histological @entity5 types, subsequent recurrence and survival. All @entity1 had undergone neck irradiation. Lymph node specimens from six @entity1 (15%) showed positive staining of nuclear @entity876 protein. The distribution among the different grades was: three (7.5%) for II, two (5%) for III and one (2.5%) for IV. @entity1 with @entity876 -overexpressed @entity5 had a significantly higher number of @entity5 -bearing lymph nodes. There was no correlation of @entity876 expression with histological @entity5 types, second @entity5 recurrence and survival. Expression of @entity876 appears to be uncommon in @entity1 with recurrent nodal metastases in @entity189 . It did not have prognostic value in this particular series of @entity1 .

title: Expression of @entity876 in recurrent nodal metastasis from XXXX ( @entity189 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cost-effectiveness is a major criterion underpinning decisions in mainstream health care. Acupuncture is increasingly used in @entity1 with @entity615 (LBP), but there is a lack of evidence on cost-effectiveness. The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture in alleviating chronic LBP either alone or in conjunction with standard care compared with @entity1 receiving routine care, and/or sham. To determine effectiveness, we undertook meta-analyses which found a significant improvement in @entity158 in those receiving acupuncture and standard care compared with those receiving standard care alone. For acupuncture and standard care vs. standard care and sham, a weak positive effect was found for weeks 12 to 16, but this was not significant. For acupuncture alone vs. standard care alone, a significant positive effect was found at week 8, but not at weeks 26 or 52. The main outcome parameters for our cost-effectiveness analysis were the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of acupuncture treatment presented as cost (A ) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) saved. The WHO benchmark for a very highly cost-effective intervention is one that costs less than gross domestic product per capita per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained or DALY averted, or less than around  A52,000 in 2009 (the base year for the analysis). According to this threshold, acupuncture as a complement to standard care for relief of chronic LBP is highly cost-effective, costing around  48,562 per DALY avoided. When @entity308 is alleviated at the same rate as @entity158 , cost is around  18,960 per DALY avoided. Acupuncture as a substitute for standard care was not found to be cost-effective unless @entity308 was included. According to the WHO cost-effectiveness threshold values, acupuncture is a cost-effective treatment strategy in @entity1 with chronic LBP.

title: Cost-effectiveness of Acupuncture for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid depression']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Administrative data may provide valuable information for monitoring the quality of care at population level and offer an efficient way of gathering data on individual patterns of care, and also to shed light on inequalities in access to appropriate medical care. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of @entity1 and hospital characteristics in the initial treatment of early @entity0 using administrative data. Incident @entity0 @entity1 were identified from hospital discharge records and linked to the radiotherapy outpatient database during 2000-2004 in the Piedmont region of Northwestern Italy. @entity1 treated with breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy ( @entity35506 + RT) were compared to those treated with @entity35506 without radiotherapy ( @entity35506 w/o RT) or mastectomy using multinomial logistic regression models. Out of 16,022 incident cases, 46.2% received @entity35506 + RT, 20.3% received @entity35506 w/o RT, and 33.5% received a mastectomy. Compared to @entity35506 + RT, the factors associated with @entity35506 w/o RT were: increased age (OR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.29-1.85, for ages 70-79 vs. <50), being unmarried (1.24; 1.13-1.36), presence of co-morbidities (1.32; 1.10-1.58), being treated at hospitals with low surgical volume (1.31; 1.07-1.60 for hospitals with less than 50 vs. > or =150 interventions/year), and living far from radiotherapy facilities (1.75; 1.39-2.20 for those at a distance of >45 min). These same factors were also associated with mastectomy. During the 5-year period observed, there was a trend of reduced probability of receiving a mastectomy (0.70; 0.56-0.88 for 2004 vs. 2000). The presence or absence of nodal involvement was positively associated with mastectomy (2.28; 1.83-2.85) and negatively associated with @entity35506 w/o RT (0.65; 0.56-0.76). After adjustment for potential confounders, education level did not show any association with the type of treatment. Social and geographical factors, in addition to hospital specialization, should be considered to reduce inappropriateness of care for @entity0 .

title: Appropriateness of early XXXX management in relation to @entity1 and hospital characteristics: a population based study in Northern Italy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity2206 ( @entity2207 ) is an environmental contaminant known to induce developmental @entity137 in animal models through activation of the @entity4505 ( @entity4505 ). Previously, it was demonstrated that in ovo exposure to @entity2207 induced @entity1370 in @entity1573 embryos and hatchlings. To investigate potential @entity4505 -mediated mechanisms, fertile @entity1573 eggs were injected prior to incubation with @entity21372 , a @entity4505 agonist. Cardiac morphology and function were evaluated in late-stage embryos and hatchlings. Histologically, unlike @entity2207 , @entity21372 did not induce thinning of the right ventricular wall. Via echocardiography, however, @entity21372 induced effects similar to those of @entity2207 , including increased left ventricular wall thickness and mass, elevated heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and @entity64 . Additionally, to investigate mechanisms associated with early heart development, a separate group of fertile @entity1573 eggs was injected prior to incubation with @entity2207 or @entity21372 and in early-stage embryos, gene expression and protein concentration associated with the bone morphogenic protein ( @entity17192 ) pathway were determined. Although changes were not statistically consistent among doses, expression of @entity17192 , @entity44428 , and @entity53440 mRNA in early embryos was altered by @entity2207 exposure; however, protein concentrations of these targets were not markedly altered by either @entity2207 or @entity21372 . Protein levels of pSMAD1/5, a transcriptional regulator stimulated by BMPs, were altered by both @entity2207 and @entity21372 , but in different directions; @entity2207 reduced cytoplasmic pSMAD1/5, whereas @entity21372 decreased nuclear pSMAD1/5. Taken together, these data suggest that developmental @entity1370 induced by @entity2207 likely involves both @entity4505 and @entity17192 pathways.

title: @entity2206 induced-developmental @entity1370 : are peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a ( XXXX ) and @entity17192 ( @entity17192 ) pathways involved?

entities_list: @entity2206 :: ('MESH:C023036', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctanoic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4505 :: ('374120(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a', 'PPARa']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['decreased stroke volume']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity4505 :: (374120(Tax:9031),Gene) :: ['PPARa']


abstract: The commensal pathogen @entity6586 uses AgI/II adhesins to adhere to @entity25206 adsorbed on teeth. Here we analyzed isolates of @entity6586 (n = 70 isolates) from caries and caries-free @entity1 extremes (n = 19 subjects) by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), AgI/II full-length gene sequencing, and adhesion to parotid saliva matched from the strain donors (nested from a case-control sample of defined @entity25206 and acidic @entity1521 -rich protein [PRP] profiles). The concatenated MLST as well as AgI/II gene sequences showed unique sequence types between, and identical types within, the subjects. The matched adhesion levels ranged widely (40% adhesion range), from low to moderate to high, between subjects but were similar within subjects (or sequence types). In contrast, the adhesion avidity of the strains was narrow, normally distributed for high, moderate, or low adhesion reference saliva or pure @entity25206 regardless of the sequence type. The adhesion of @entity6586 Ingbritt and matched isolates and saliva samples correlated (r = 0.929), suggesting that the host specify about four-fifths (r(2) = 0.86) of the variation in matched adhesion. Half of the variation in @entity6586 Ingbritt adhesion to saliva from the caries cases-controls (n = 218) was explained by the primary @entity25206 receptor and PRP coreceptor composition. The isolates also varied, although less so, in adhesion to standardized saliva (18% adhesion range) and clustered into three major AgI/II groups (groups A, B(1), and B(2)) due to two variable V-region segments and diverse AgI/II sequence types due to a set of single- @entity535 substitutions. Isolates with AgI/II type A versus types B(1) and B(2) tended to differ in @entity25206 binding avidity and qualitative adhesion profiles for saliva @entity25206 phenotypes. In conclusion, the host saliva phenotype plays a more prominent role in @entity6586 adhesion than anticipated previously.

title: Host and bacterial phenotype variation in adhesion of @entity6586 to matched XXXX hosts.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ram @entity742 and bull @entity291 were immunized against @entity56494 by injections given in weeks 0, 6, 12 and 28 (ram @entity742 , week 0=16 to 20 weeks of age) and weeks 0, 6, 12 and 18 (bull @entity291 , week 0=approximately 4 weeks of age). The testis size of @entity56494 -immunized animals was significantly less than that of controls from week 13 onwards in ram @entity742 and from week 15 onwards in bull @entity291 . When ram @entity742 were sampled in week 17 and bull @entity291 in week 20, mean plasma gonadotrophin and @entity251 concentrations were consistently lower in @entity56494 -immunized animals than in controls. Single intravenous injection of synthetic @entity56494 or an analogue of @entity56494 in week 27 failed to induce LH or @entity251 responses in @entity56494 -immunized ram @entity742 . Motile semen samples could not be obtained from any of the @entity56494 -immunized ram @entity742 in weeks 24, 25 and 26 or from 7 of 10 in week 72, but samples of moderate motility were obtained in week 72 from three rams in which @entity56494 antibody titres had fallen. No attempt was made to obtain semen from bull @entity291 . After castration there was no increase in plasma LH in @entity56494 -immunized rams and only a small increase in @entity56494 -immunized bull @entity291 . Mean testis weight was significantly lower in @entity56494 -immunized animals than in controls of both species. Thus the normal development of the reproductive system in ram @entity742 and bull @entity291 was blocked by active immunization against @entity56494 . Some evidence was obtained for natural reversal of the effects with time and falling antibody titres. These findings demonstrate the potential of @entity56494 immunization as an alternative to castration.

title: Effects of active immunization of ram XXXX and bull @entity291 against synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: @entity4645 -induction by inflammatory stimuli has been proposed as a mediator of inflammatory @entity3085 . We analyse whether @entity4645 inhibition by @entity9213 administration is able to modify the response of skeletal muscle to @entity32 induced by @entity6306 ( @entity6306 ). Male @entity35 were injected with 1 mg kg(-1) @entity6306 at 17:00 h and at 10:00 h the following day, and euthanized 4, 24 or 72 hours later. @entity18467 , @entity18468 , myogenic regulatory factors and @entity4645 in the gastrocnemius were determined by real time-PCR (mRNA) and Western blot (protein). In a second experiment the effect of @entity9213 administration (1 mg kg     ) was analyzed. @entity9213 was administered either in a preventive manner, 1 hour before each endotoxin injection, or in a therapeutic manner, starting 2 hours after the second @entity6306 injection and at 24 and 48 hours afterwards. There was a marked increase in @entity18468 mRNA (P<0.01) 4 hours after @entity6306 , and in @entity18467 mRNA 4 hours (P<0.01) and 24 hours (P<0.01) after @entity6306 . @entity4645 was increased, whereas MyoD was decreased at 4, 24 and 72 h. Both types of @entity9213 treatment blocked @entity6306 -induced increase in @entity18467 . Preventive, but not therapeutic, @entity9213 decreased @entity12560 (P<0.01) and increased @entity22060 (P<0.01) and MyoD (P<0.05). Therapeutic @entity9213 treatment decreased gastrocnemius myogenin. These data suggest that @entity4645 inhibition by @entity9213 administration can prevent the increase in @entity18467 and the decrease in MyoD induced by @entity6306 administration. However, prolonged therapeutic @entity9213 treatment seems to be less effective, since it can inhibit myogenic regulatory factors.

title: Effect of @entity4645 inhibition by XXXX , on @entity18467 and myogenic regulatory factors in skeletal muscle of @entity35 injected with endotoxin.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['lipopolysaccharide endotoxin', 'LPS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam', 'Meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity12560 :: ('MESH:D055435', 'Chemical') :: ['myostatin']

entities_list: @entity4645 :: ('29527(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['cyclooxygenase-2', 'Cyclooxygenase-2']

answer: @entity9213 :: (MESH:C065757,Chemical) :: ['meloxicam']


abstract: The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta ( @entity19775 ) is involved in cellular responses to oncogenic and physiologic Ras signals. @entity19775 is required for premature senescence of primary @entity19 fibroblasts induced by expression of H-Ras(V12), demonstrating its role in oncogene-induced senescence. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms by which Ras inhibits proliferation of normal cells but transforms immortalized cells. We show that oncogenic Ras down-regulates @entity19775 expression in NIH 3T3 cells, which are immortalized by a deletion of the @entity3842 locus and, therefore, lack the @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ) and @entity7000 (Arf) @entity5 suppressors. Ras(V12)-induced silencing of @entity19775 occurred at the mRNA level and involved both the Raf-mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( @entity13436 ) kinase- @entity13436 and @entity4357 3-kinase signaling pathways. Oncogenic Ras decreased @entity19775 expression in @entity3842 /Arf(-/-) @entity19 embryo fibroblasts (MEF) but increased @entity19775 levels in wild-type MEFs. @entity19775 down-regulation in NIH 3T3 cells was reversed by expression of @entity7000 (Arf), but not of @entity899 or @entity3842 ( @entity3842 ), highlighting a critical role for @entity7000 (Arf) in sustaining @entity19775 levels. Ectopic expression of p34 @entity19775 ( @entity19775 ) inhibited Ras(V12)-mediated transformation of NIH 3T3 cells, suppressed their tumorigenicity in @entity19 , and reactivated expression of the proapoptotic Fas receptor, which is also down-regulated by Ras. Our findings indicate that @entity19775 gene silencing eliminates a growth inhibitory transcription factor that would otherwise restrain oncogenesis. We propose that @entity19775 is part of a @entity899 -independent, @entity7000 (Arf)-mediated network that enforces Ras-induced cell cycle arrest and @entity5 suppression in primary fibroblasts.

title: RasV12-mediated down-regulation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta in immortalized fibroblasts requires loss of XXXX and facilitates bypass of oncogene-induced senescence.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity3842 :: (12578(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p19Arf']


abstract: The effects of repeated @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) and/or @entity3303 treatment in the @entity35 were studied by means of biochemical markers: @entity40 (glial fibrillary acidic protein), @entity12890 ( @entity12890 ), @entity20482 ( @entity20482 ) and D3-protein. In adult @entity35 given daily either @entity1457 alone or in combination with @entity3303 (experiment 1) we found that @entity1457 significantly increased the concentration of the glial marker @entity40 in limbic areas: hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform cortex. The maximal increase in @entity40 was found in the piriform cortex (77%). In both piriform cortex and amygdala @entity1457 also induced a significant decrease in D3-protein (a marker of mature synapses), but no change in @entity12890 (especially enriched in newly formed synapses). In piriform cortex the ratio between @entity12890 and D3-protein was significantly increased (4%) by @entity1457 . The @entity3303 treatment, which induced @entity410 in some of the animals, was without significant effect on the biochemical markers. However, multiple @entity3303 -induced @entity410 (experiment 2) were found to be associated with a significant increase in @entity40 in amygdala and piriform cortex. The study shows that @entity410 , whether electrically or pharmacologically induced, activate astrocytes in certain brain regions. This activation is especially pronounced in the piriform cortex and may be caused by a particularly marked synaptic vulnerability and remodeling in this area, as demonstrated by the increased @entity12890 /D3-ratio. Synaptic remodeling and activation of astrocytes may well influence brain function and could play a role in the chain of neurobiological events underlying the clinical effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

title: Electroconvulsive shock and XXXX -induced @entity410 in the @entity35 activate astrocytes as measured by glial fibrillary acidic protein.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['ECS', 'electroconvulsive shock']

entities_list: @entity20482 :: ('24334(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NSE', 'neuron specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity12890 :: ('24586(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['NCAM', 'neural cell adhesion molecule']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is to eradicate microscopic @entity41 after radical surgical @entity5 excision in @entity1 with @entity298 . The common use of antineoplastic agents such as @entity1138 , @entity632 , or @entity901 with @entity221 fails to eradicate @entity5 in a significant subset of @entity1 , and alternative approaches to target chemoresistant cells are needed. The induction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) by inhibiting the critical detoxification enzyme @entity224 dismutase (SOD) during @entity221 is an appealing approach to induce @entity5 cells. METHODS: @entity1 and @entity19 @entity694 cell lines were subjected to mild @entity221 (40-42  C), and treated with chemotherapy, similar to clinical protocols. ROS were induced by the SOD inhibitor @entity8584 ( @entity7725 ), a metabolite of the drug @entity9853 . In @entity19 , @entity298 use C57Bl/6 was induced in C57Bl/6 by intraperitoneal injection of syngenic @entity5 cells (MC38). RESULTS: @entity221 alone failed to kill cells but induced intracellular ROS and activated protective mechanisms. Chemotherapy conferred inconsistent @entity137 depending on the cell line and dose. In contrast, induction of ROS by @entity7725 consistently activated apoptotic pathways, with increased cell death in combination with mild @entity221 . In vivo, combined treatment with @entity7725 and @entity221 significantly delayed @entity5 progression in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . In addition, hyperthermic combined treatment with chemotherapy and @entity7725 significantly improved animal survival compared with chemotherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of @entity7725 improves the efficacy of existing HIPEC protocols in a safe way and may open the door to a more effective, multimodal HIPEC.

title: New insight into hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: induction of oxidative stress dramatically enhanced XXXX killing in in vitro and in vivo models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfiram']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'death of residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report of a fatal complication of pedicle screw instrumentation and review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and postmortem findings in a 35-year-old @entity1 who sustained a T11 burst fracture that was managed by transpedicular posterior instrumentation and who died 12 days after surgery of @entity2293 caused by a prick injury of the right coronary artery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Posterior pedicle screw instrumentation is considered a safe and effective method for stabilizing a spinal motion segment. Nevertheless, there are several rare but significant complications that may occur. This is the first report of a @entity299 after transpedicular screw insertion. METHODS: A 35-year-old @entity1 was treated for a T11 burst fracture with posterior transpedicular stabilization. The surgery was uncomplicated. RESULTS: Twelve days after the intervention, the @entity1 died of @entity1455 . Postmortem examination showed a @entity299 of 350 mL blood originating in a prick injury of the right coronary artery. Histologic findings showed evidence that the injury was caused during surgery by a Kirschner wire. CONCLUSION: There are numerous possible intraoperative complications in posterior pedicle screw fixation, such as nerve root and @entity1566 . This case of a fatal @entity299 after transpedicular screw insertion is rare. It shows that the surgeon must be aware of potential risks associated with such a procedure and have a comprehensive three-dimensional understanding of the anatomic structures involved.

title: Fatal XXXX associated with posterior spinal instrumentation. A case report.

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart tamponade']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the expression of the imprinted oncofetal @entity9037 gene in @entity1 @entity150 and to examine the possibility of using it as a @entity5 marker, similar to other oncofetal gene products. METHODS: In situ hybridisation for @entity9037 RNA was performed on 61 first biopsies of @entity150 from Hadassah Medical Centre in Jerusalem. The intensity of the reaction and the number of @entity5 cells expressing @entity9037 in each biopsy were evaluated in 56 @entity1 , excluding biopsies with @entity189 in situ. The medical files were searched for demographic data and disease free survival. RESULTS: More than 5% of cells expressed @entity9037 in 47 of the 56 (84%) biopsies. There was a decrease in the number of cells expressing @entity9037 with increasing @entity5 grade (loss of differentiation) (p = 0.03). Disease free survival from the first biopsy to first recurrence was significantly shorter in @entity1 with @entity5 having a larger fraction of @entity9037 expressing cells, controlling for @entity5 grade. This was also supported by the selective analysis of @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with grade I @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: It might be possible to use @entity9037 as a prognostic @entity5 marker for the early recurrence of @entity150 . In addition, for the gene therapy of @entity150 that is based on the transcriptional regulatory sequences of @entity9037 , the expression of @entity9037 in an individual biopsy could be considered a predictive @entity5 marker for selecting those @entity1 who would benefit from this form of treatment.

title: The imprinted XXXX gene is a marker of early recurrence in @entity1 @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity9037 :: (283120,Gene) :: ['H19']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our purpose was to define the pattern of AGP glycolysation and concentration in cases of @entity3567 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was 65 @entity1 suffering from hydatiform mola or @entity1466 . We divided them into two groups: 30 @entity1 who required only operative management and 35 @entity1 who required operative procedures and additional chemiotherapy. The observation period was 6 months. Blood samples were collected every 4 weeks. Concentration of AGP was measured in radial immunodyfusion. Glycolysation pattern was defined in Concanavalin A crossed affinoimmunoelectroforetic analysis. RESULTS: The serum AGP concentration was significantly higher in @entity1 treated only surgically (1026.1 +/- 241.0 mg/l) than in @entity1 who required chemotherapy after operation (740.3 +/- 103.0 mg/l). AGP microheterogeneity was represented by 2 to 4 glycoforms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with hydatiform molar and @entity1466 reveal characteristic changes in concentration and microheterogeneity of AGP, which are associated with disease prognosis. They allow to determine at the time of establishing a diagnosis, whether a @entity1 can be treated only surgically or with additional chemotherapy.

title: [Glycoforms of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein in XXXX prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['trophoblastic tumors']

answer: @entity3567 :: (MESH:D014328,Disease) :: ['trophoblastic tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adults who undergo chronic stress, such as the diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity0 , often experience adjustment difficulties and important biologic effects. This stress can affect the immune system, possibly reducing the ability of individuals with @entity5 to resist disease progression and metastatic spread. We examined whether stress influences cellular immune responses in @entity1 following @entity0 diagnosis and surgery. METHODS: We studied 116 @entity1 recently treated surgically for invasive @entity0 . Before beginning their adjuvant therapy, all subjects completed a validated questionnaire assessing the stress of being @entity5 @entity1 . A 60-mL blood sample taken from each @entity1 was subjected to a panel of natural killer (NK) cell and T-lymphocyte assays. We then developed multiple regression models to test the contribution of psychologic stress in predicting immune function. All regression equations controlled for variables that might exert short- or long-term effects on these responses, and we also ruled out other potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: We found, reproducibly between and within assays, the following: 1) Stress level significantly predicted lower NK cell lysis, 2) stress level significantly predicted diminished response of NK cells to recombinant @entity379 ) stress level significantly predicted decreased proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to plant lectins and to a monoclonal antibody directed against the T-cell receptor. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that the physiologic effects of stress inhibit cellular immune responses that are relevant to @entity5 prognosis, including NK cell @entity137 and T-cell responses. Additional, longitudinal studies are needed to determine the duration of these effects, their health consequences, and their biologic and/or behavioral mechanisms.

title: Stress and immune responses after surgical treatment for regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma, and 3']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Primary @entity0 from 19 @entity1 and draining lymph nodes from nine of them (seven containing @entity3 ) were used in growing @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in culture. TIL were studied for proliferation, phenotype, @entity137 , and the ability to secrete cytokines in response to @entity5 . Lymphocytes from primary @entity0 proliferated in 15 of 19 cultures, a median of 6.7 x 10(3)-fold in 65 days. For eight of nine @entity1 , lymphocytes derived from draining lymph nodes proliferated in culture, a median of 110-fold in 49 days. Breast TIL became predominantly @entity404 + cells over time in culture and were 73% @entity404 + and 21% @entity405 + (means) at 63 days (median). Lymph node lymphocytes were 63% @entity404 + at 51 days. TIL were poorly lytic in 4-hour 51Cr release assays. Lysis of @entity5 occurred in only one of 12 breast TIL and one of nine lymph node cultures. This lysis was low (15% at effector:target = 40:1) and was nonspecific (non-major-histocompatibility-complex restricted). Cytokine secretion was tested by co-culturing TIL with autologous or allogeneic @entity5 for 24 hours. Cytokines were measured in culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or radioimmunoassay. TIL from three of 11 @entity1 specifically secreted granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha and @entity379 when stimulated by @entity5 and not by a panel of four to five @entity0 . Cytokine secretion has made possible the identification of lymphocytes infiltrating @entity0 with specific immune reactivity. This finding will guide the development of new immunotherapies for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Characterization of lymphocytes infiltrating @entity1 XXXX : specific immune reactivity detected by measuring cytokine secretion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['allogeneic breast cancers', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Segmental maxillary osteotomy enables correction of anterior open bites. However, the outcome can be somewhat unstable, particularly if @entity1516 occurs. Bone grafts can be used to prevent this complication. Among the many biomaterials available for grafting, Bio-oss(  ) has been used successfully in a range of modalities, with studies to support several indications. This report describes a case of @entity1347 in which Bio-oss(  ) granules were used as bone grafts in the surgical gap. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 24-year-old female presented with anterior open bite, @entity432 , and Angle class @entity432 . Virtual surgical planning of the procedure predicted a gap of approximately 5mm in the region of the osteotomy, which was bridged with Bio-oss(  ) granules. DISCUSSION: Although autogenous bone grafting is the gold standard due to its osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties, it involves increased morbidity for the @entity1 , unpredictable resorption rates, increased operative time, and risk of @entity281 at the donor site. Use of the Bio-oss(  ) material can provide good bone stability, osteoconduction, and biocompatibility, while reducing operative time and surgical morbidity. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of bone grafting with a granular biomaterial in @entity1347 . Successful formation of new bone with density greater than that of the surrounding tissue was achieved, preventing @entity1516 and postoperative instability.

title: Bone grafting with granular biomaterial in XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental maxillary osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['II anterior occlusion', 'Angle class III posterior occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['segmental maxillary osteotomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Physical exercise has been shown to benefit diverse medical and behavioral conditions. This study assesses the feasibility and efficacy of an 8-week endurance and resistance training program on fitness measures in individuals undergoing residential treatment for @entity888 (MA) @entity734 . METHODS: A total of 39 MA-dependent individuals were randomized to 3 days/week of exercise training (ET, n = 15) or health education without training (equal attention [EA], n = 14) over 8 weeks. Aerobic performance ((Equation is included in full-text article.)VO2max) was measured by indirect calorimetry, body composition by skinfolds, muscle strength by 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), and endurance at 85% of 1-RM for both leg press (LP) and @entity764 ( @entity764 ). RESULTS: A total of 29 individuals completed the study for a 74% adherence rate. Baseline characteristics (mean    SD) were balanced between groups: age 31    7 years; height = 1.74    0.07 m; weight 82.0    15.0 kg. The ET group significantly improved (Equation is included in full-text article.)O2max by 0.63    0.22 L/min (+21%), LP strength by 24.4    5.6 kg (+40%), and @entity764 strength by 20.6    5.7 kg (+49%). The ET group increased LP and @entity764 endurance by 120% and 96%, respectively and showed significant reductions in body weight of 1.7    2.4 kg (-2%), % body fat of 2.8    1.3% (-15%), and fat weight 2.8    1.8 kg (-18%). All changes were significant (P < 0.001) for ET, and no changes were seen for the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals recovering from MA @entity734 showed substantial improvements in aerobic exercise performance, muscle strength and endurance, and body composition with ET. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of an ET intervention in these @entity1 and also show excellent responsiveness to the exercise stimulus resulting in physiological changes that might enhance recovery from drug dependency.

title: Eight weeks of exercise training improves fitness measures in XXXX -dependent individuals in residential treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest press', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['methamphetamine']


abstract: This retrospective study evaluates visual (functional) and refractive outcome of correcting @entity3467 (i.e. 2.5 D or more) by means of a @entity231 procedure and simultaneously the pre-existing clinical significant @entity940 (1.5 D or more with the rule; 1 D or more against the rule), if present, by means of an arcuate keratotomy. Nine eyes undergoing clear lens extractions with intraocular lensimplantation (IOL) in combination with arcuate keratotomy (group one) and 29 eyes without arcuate kertotomy (group two) are included in the study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 62.89 years (range, 50 to 83) in group one and 68.17 years (range, 53 to 86) in group two. For calculation of the lens power a modified @entity6755 II program, aiming at emmetropia was used. In only one highly hyperopic @entity1 the Holladay I formula was used to calculate two piggyback lenses. A modified Istre nomogram was used to determine the surgical parameters of the arcuate keratotomy. The Cravy formula and the Holladay, Cravy, Koch vector analysis were used to determine the change in refractive cylinder results. @entity1 were followed postoperatively for a mean of 2.8 months in group one and 7.5 months in group two. In group one, 6 out of 9 eyes achieved a postoperative refraction within +/- 0.5 D of intended refraction and 8 out of 9 were within +/- 1 D of intended refraction. In group two, it was 15/29 and 24/29 respectively. Postoperatively, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in all eyes of group one (9/9) and in 27/29 eyes of group two. None of the eyes in both groups lost two or more lines of the best corrected visual acuity. Clear lens extraction with IOL is an effective and safe procedure for the correction of @entity3467 in a presbyopic age group. In combination with an arcuate keratotomy, pre-existing @entity940 can be corrected simultaneously.

title: Clear lens extraction to correct XXXX in presbyopic eyes with or without arcuate keratotomy for pre-existing @entity940 .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity3467 :: (MESH:D006956,Disease) :: ['hyperopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, including radiographic changes, and safety of etanercept and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), used in combination and alone, in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in whom previous treatment with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug other than @entity1500 had failed. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity309 were treated with etanercept (25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly), oral @entity1500 (up to 20 mg weekly), or combination therapy with etanercept plus @entity1500 through a second year, in a double-blinded manner. Clinical response was assessed using American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria and the Disease Activity Score (DAS), in a modified intent-to-treat analysis with the last observation carried forward (LOCF) and in a population of completers. Radiographs of the hands, wrists, and forefeet were scored for erosions and joint space narrowing at annual intervals. RESULTS: A total of 503 of 686 @entity1 continued into year 2 of the study. During the 2 years, significantly fewer @entity1 receiving combination therapy withdrew from the study (29% of the combination therapy group, 39% of the etanercept group, and 48% of the @entity1500 group). Both the LOCF and the completer analyses yielded similar results. The ACR 20% improvement (ACR20), ACR50, and ACR70 responses and the remission rates (based on a DAS of <1.6) were significantly higher with combination therapy than with either monotherapy (P<0.01). Similarly, improvement in disability (based on the Health Assessment Questionnaire) was greater with combination therapy (P<0.01). The combination therapy group showed significantly less radiographic progression than did either group receiving monotherapy (P<0.05); moreover, radiographic progression was significantly lower in the etanercept group compared with the @entity1500 group (P<0.05). For the second consecutive year, overall disease progression in the combination therapy group was negative, with the 95% confidence interval less than zero. Adverse events were similar in the 3 treatment groups. CONCLUSION: Etanercept in combination with @entity1500 reduced disease activity, slowed radiographic progression, and improved function more effectively than did either monotherapy over a 2-year period. No increase in @entity137 was associated with combination treatment with etanercept plus @entity1500 .

title: Comparison of etanercept and @entity1499 , alone and combined, in the treatment of XXXX : two-year clinical and radiographic results from the TEMPO study, a double-blind, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: 1. The effect of muscarinic antagonists considered to be selective for M1 receptors ( @entity4140 ) and for M2 receptors ( @entity9563 ) were studied on bronchoconstriction and @entity1168 elicited by stimulation of the vagal nerves and by i.v. @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) in anaesthetized @entity95 . 2. @entity4140 was equipotent as an antagonist of @entity1617 -induced responses at postjunctional muscarinic receptors in the heart, lung and blood vessels, whereas @entity9563 was at least ten times less potent at pulmonary and vascular muscarinic receptors. Thus, @entity9563 never caused complete inhibition of bronchoconstrictor or @entity551 responses to i.v. @entity1617 , whereas doses of @entity4140 in excess of 1 mumol kg-1 abolished all muscarinic responses. 3. In the lung, both antagonists inhibited bronchoconstriction caused by vagal stimulation and @entity1617 -induced bronchoconstriction to the same extent ( @entity4140 , mean ED50 65 +/- 22 and, 130 +/- 28 nmol kg-1 respectively; @entity9563 , ED50 greater than 10,000 nmol kg-1 for both responses). Enhancement of vagally-induced bronchoconstriction was never observed. 4. In the heart, however, both @entity4140 and @entity9563 were ten times less potent as antagonists of vagally-induced @entity1168 than of @entity1617 -induced @entity1168 . This differential blockade was unaltered by @entity1169 (1 mg kg-1) pretreatment. 5. It is concluded that there is no evidence for M1 or M2 muscarinic receptors in the pulmonary innervation of the @entity95 and the potency of the antagonists in abolishing in abolishing vagally-induced bronchoconstriction was consistent with blockade of M3 muscarinic receptors on airway smooth muscle. 6. The results suggest that M2 muscarinic receptors may exert an inhibitory effect on transmission in the parasympathetic nerves innervating the heart in the @entity95 . Blockade of such neuronal receptors would increase transmitter output to the atrial cells and explain the low potency of both antagonists in abolishing vagally-induced @entity1168 in the @entity95 .

title: Effect of @entity4140 and XXXX on cardiac and pulmonary muscarinic receptors in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity9563 :: (MESH:D005703,Chemical) :: ['gallamine']


abstract: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Stress @entity322 (SUI) affects 10-35% of @entity1 , and it is sometimes very distressful. Pelvic floor exercises are the first line of treatment, but access barriers or embarrassment may prevent @entity1 from seeking help. There is a need for new, simple, and effective ways to deliver treatment. Management of SUI without face-to-face contact is possible, and Internet-based treatment is a new, promising treatment alternative. OBJECTIVE: To compare two treatment programmes for stress @entity322 (SUI) without face-to-face contact: one Internet-based and one sent by post. @entity1 AND METHODS: Randomised, controlled trial conducted in Sweden 2009-2011. Computer-generated block-randomisation, allocation by independent administrator. No 'blinding'. The study included 250 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 18-70 years, with SUI >= 1   time/week. Consecutive online recruitment. The @entity1 had 3 months of either; (i) An Internet-based treatment programme (124 @entity1 ), including e-mail support and cognitive behavioural therapy assignments or (ii) A treatment programme sent by post (126). Both programmes focused mainly on pelvic floor muscle training. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: symptom-score (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form, ICIQ-UI SF) and condition-specific quality of life (ICIQ-Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Quality of Life, ICIQ-LUTSQoL). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: (i) @entity1 Global Impression of Improvement, (ii) Incontinence aids, (iii) @entity1 satisfaction, (iv) Health-specific QoL (EQ5D-Visual Analogue Scale), and (v) Incontinence episode frequency. Follow-up after 4 months via self-assessed postal questionnaires. RESULTS: In all, 12% (30 @entity1 ) were lost to follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis showed highly significant improvements (P   <   0.001) with large effect sizes (>0.8) with both interventions, but there were no significant differences between groups in primary outcomes. The mean (sd) changes in symptom-score were: Internet 3.4   (3.4), Postal 2.9   (3.1) (P   =   0.27). The mean (sd) changes in condition-specific QoL were: Internet 4.8   (6.1), Postal 4.6   (6.7) (P   =   0.52). Compared with the postal-group, more @entity1 in the Internet-group perceived they were much or very much improved (40.9% (43/105) vs 26.5% (30/113), P   =   0.01), reported reduced usage of incontinence aids (59.5% (47/79) vs 41.4% (34/82), P   =   0.02) and were satisfied with the treatment programme (84.8% (89/105) vs 62.9% (71/113), P   <   0.001). Health-specific QoL improved in the Internet-group (mean change 3.7 (10.9), P   =   0.001), but not in the postal-group (1.9 (13.0), P   =   0.13). Overall, 69.8% (120/172) of @entity1 reported complete lack of leakage or reduced number of leakage episodes by >50%. CONCLUSIONS: Concerning primary outcomes, treatment effects were similar between groups whereas for secondary outcomes the Internet-based treatment was more effective. Internet-based treatment for SUI is a new, promising treatment alternative.

title: Internet-based treatment of stress XXXX : a randomised controlled study with focus on pelvic floor muscle training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To analyze the clinical course of @entity3017 in @entity1 and to propose management and therapy. PROCEDURE: Retrospective review of seven cases of @entity3017 treated in France over a 20-year period and literature review. RESULTS: Median age of @entity1 was 6 years. The @entity5 was well encapsulated in one @entity1 and had direct extension to adjacent tissues in two others. Three @entity1 had regional lymph node involvement and one had liver metastases. The @entity5 arose in the head of the pancreas in three @entity1 , in the tail and body in two and in the tail and in the body, one each. Elevation of @entity160 serum levels was noted in four out of 6 cases. @entity5 resections were performed, one initially and 4 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and @entity900 plus @entity632 seemed effective. Two @entity1 received post-operative irradiation because of incomplete resection. In all, four @entity1 are disease free with a median follow-up of 50 months ( range, 5--120 months) : one had a complete removal of @entity5 at diagnosis and no further treatment, three had unresectable @entity5 at diagnosis and received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity632 . One of them also received post-operative irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3017 is a curable @entity5 . Examination of serum @entity160 levels may be useful for diagnosis and to follow the course of the disease. Complete resection is the treatment of choice. However, @entity5 is often unresectable at diagnosis and preoperative chemotherapy is needed to reduce @entity5 volume. We suggest a regimen that include @entity900 and @entity632 . In @entity1 with @entity66 , postoperative radiation may be indicated.

title: @entity3017 in childhood: clinical course and therapeutic management of seven XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['incompletely resected disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Five tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastoma', 'Pancreatoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity228 -induced reduction in contrast enhancement on radiographic imaging is most commonly associated with @entity706 but has been reported in other entities, including @entity11 . This finding may represent a diagnostic dilemma. Concern that @entity134 -induced @entity137 obscures histological diagnosis of suspected @entity706 may lead to postponement of a biopsy. If @entity11 is not considered in the differential diagnosis, reduction in @entity5 contrast enhancement may be misinterpreted as disease regression rather than a transient radiographic change. We report a case of a @entity1 with an enhancing right temporoparietal mass adjacent to the atrium of the lateral ventricle. After treatment with @entity619 was started, the mass exhibited marked reduction in contrast enhancement, with symptom improvement. The clinical course suggested @entity706 , and surgery was not performed. Subsequent screening for extra-axial @entity706 was negative. Two weeks later, the @entity1 developed worsening symptoms, and repeat T1-weighted imaging showed interval increase in size and enhancement. The findings suggested a possible diagnosis of @entity11 . The @entity1 underwent a stereotactic-guided craniotomy for excision of the right temporoparietal @entity66 . Final histological diagnosis was @entity463 multiforme, World Health Organization grade IV.

title: @entity463 presenting with XXXX -induced pseudoregression of contrast enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']