abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal was to evaluate, at 1 year, 75 Long-Evans @entity35 for survival rates and @entity137 associated with the sequencing of cranial irradiation and enhanced chemotherapy delivery. METHODS: Seventy-five Long-Evans @entity35 were randomized into four groups and evaluated at 1 year for survival rates and @entity137 associated with the sequencing of cranial irradiation and enhanced chemotherapy delivery. Radiation (2,000 cGy) was administered as a single fraction, by using parallel opposed portals, 30 days before chemotherapy (Group 1), 24 hours before chemotherapy (Group 2), 30 days after chemotherapy (Group 3), or without chemotherapy or without radiation (control group, Group 4). Five subgroups within each treatment group included @entity35 receiving intra-arterially administered @entity1499 (1 g/m2) or intravenously administered @entity2879 (200 mg/m2) combined with intra-arterially administered @entity3003 (200 mg/m2), administered with or without osmotic blood-rain barrier disruption, and a group receiving normal saline solution after blood-brain barrier disruption. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in total toxic effects when the three experimental groups were compared with the control group (P = 0.001, 0.006, and 0.013 for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). All groups receiving radiation and chemotherapy (particularly @entity3003 and @entity2879 ) had an increased incidence of hind limb @entity912 , resembling @entity56 (P = 0.053). Statistical analysis showed a trend toward increased mortality rates in Group 1 (antecedent radiation), compared with the control group (P = 0.082), and an increased incidence of intracerebral calcification (P = 0.019). No differences in mortality rates were observed for Group 2 or 3, compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Radiation before chemotherapy was a more toxic sequence and, surprisingly, @entity3003 / @entity2879 administered in combination with radiotherapy was more detrimental than @entity1499 . Additional studies are in progress to evaluate the @entity137 and efficacy of sequences of cranial irradiation and enhanced chemotherapy in tumor-bearing @entity35 .

title: Long-term XXXX and neuropathology associated with the sequencing of cranial irradiation and enhanced chemotherapy delivery.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Fusion inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used to prevent entry of @entity645 into host cells. Many of the fusion inhibitors being developed, including the drug enfuvirtide, are peptides designed to competitively inhibit the viral fusion protein gp41. With the emergence of drug resistance, there is an increased need for effective and unique alternatives within this class of antivirals. One such alternative is a class of cyclic, cationic, antimicrobial peptides known as   -defensins, which are produced by many non- @entity1 primates and exhibit broad-spectrum antiviral and antibacterial activity. Currently, the   -defensin analog @entity41731 is being developed as a microbicide due to its specific antiviral activity, lack of @entity137 to cells and tissues, and safety in animals. Understanding potential @entity41731 resistance, and how resistance to other fusion inhibitors affects @entity41731 susceptibility, is critical for future development. In previous studies, we identified a mutant, R5-tropic virus that had evolved partial resistance to @entity41731 during in vitro selection. Here, we report that a secondary mutation in gp41 was found to restore replicative fitness, membrane fusion, and the rate of viral entry, which were compromised by an initial mutation providing partial @entity41731 resistance. Interestingly, we show that @entity41731 is effective against two @entity25185 -resistant mutants, demonstrating the clinical importance of @entity41731 as a unique fusion inhibitor. These findings both expand our understanding of @entity645 drug-resistance to diverse peptide fusion inhibitors and emphasize the significance of compensatory gp41 mutations.

title: A compensatory mutation provides resistance to disparate XXXX fusion inhibitor peptides and enhances membrane fusion.

entities_list: @entity25185 :: ('MESH:C105196', 'Chemical') :: ['enfuvirtide']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) provide facilities for biologically active substances directly produced by the @entity5 . In the present study we have investigated the concentration of the following cytokines: @entity310 , @entity1199 and @entity650 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) before treatment. The study group consisted of 20 @entity1 with @entity957 (Gr. I). The control group consisted of 18 @entity1 with @entity358 (6 @entity1 with @entity370 and 12 with @entity1030 ). All @entity1 underwent bronchoscopy followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The concentrations of the above mentioned cytokines were measured using Sorin's ETI system for EIA analysis. Statistical analysis was performed within the groups, between the groups, and in different stages of @entity5 . The mean @entity310 concentration in Gr. I was 1192 pg/ml/mg p. and was significantly higher than in @entity370 (5.3 pg/ml/ mg p.) and @entity1030 (0.5 pg/ml/mg p.). We observed a correlation between @entity310 concentration and the stage of @entity5 . The highest concentration was in IIIb stage (2150 pg/ml/mg p.). @entity650 concentration in malignant @entity1 was strongly correlated with @entity310 concentration and was significantly higher than in control (265.868 pg/ml/mg p. in @entity5 @entity1 , in @entity370 : 21.694 pg/ml/mg p. and in @entity1030 : 40.708 pg/ml/mg p.). It was the highest in stage II (334 pg/ml/mg p.). @entity1192 concentrations were not significantly higher in malignant @entity1 (50.173 pg/ml/mg p., nor in IIIa stage (70.136) pg/ml/mg p. as compared with controls (18.648 pg/ml/mg p. in @entity370 and 28.395 pg/ml/mg p. in @entity1030 ).

title: @entity310 , @entity1192 and @entity650 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-malignant lung disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: The incidence of @entity5 is higher among low-income and minority @entity1 who have never undergone a conventional Papanicolaou test or who do not follow up after testing. Screening has been shown to reduce @entity5 incidence rates. OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of immediately treating @entity1 with severely abnormal Papanicolaou test results by using a single-visit @entity5 screening and treatment program and to compare treatment rates and 12-month follow-up rates with those of @entity1 who received usual care. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Randomized controlled trial conducted among 3521 @entity1 aged 18 years or older recruited between January 1999 and April 2002 at US community health centers located in predominantly Latino underserved areas. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 randomized to usual care (n = 1805) were discharged immediately after examination. @entity1 randomized to the single-visit group (n = 1716) remained at the clinic until the results of their conventional Papanicolaou test were available. Large loop electrosurgical excision procedure was performed in single-visit @entity1 with either a diagnosis of a high-grade squamous @entity75 (HGSIL)/atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) or suspicion of @entity189 . All other @entity1 with abnormal Papanicolaou test results were referred to abnormal cytology clinics or elected to receive follow-up care outside the study's medical system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment rates for HGSIL/AGUS at 6 months, follow-up rates at 6 months for lower-grade lesions, and 1-year follow-up rates for all @entity1 . RESULTS: The rate of abnormal Papanicolaou test results was 4.1%. One percent of results showed high-grade lesions. In the single-visit group, the mean visit time was 2.8 hours and the mean time for delivery and processing of the Papanicolaou tests was 66 minutes. Six months after randomization, 14 (88%) of 16 single-visit and 10 (53%) of 19 usual care @entity1 with HGSIL/AGUS had completed treatment. Fifty percent in the single-visit program and 53% of usual care with less abnormal Papanicolaou tests completed treatment within 6 months. Overall, 36% in each group presented for a follow-up Papanicolaou test 1 year later. @entity1 in the single-visit group with high-grade lesions (10/16; 63%) were significantly more likely to attend follow-up for Papanicolaou tests 12 months later than @entity1 with similar lesions in the usual care group (4/19; 21%). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity5 screening, the single-visit program was feasible and the degree of acceptability was high in this underserved population. Single visit programs provide an opportunity to increase the rate of immediate treatment and follow-up of @entity1 with severely abnormal Papanicolaou test results. This strategy did not improve follow-up rates for @entity1 with less-abnormal results. Trial Registration http://ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT00237562.

title: Feasibility of management of high-grade XXXX in a single visit: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: Surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity1318 of the esophagus results in dramatic and permanent relief in almost 90% of the @entity1 . The abdominal approach seems to produce more reflux than the thoracic route. There is evidence that extending myotomy more than 10 mm onto the stomach increases reflux. The length of the @entity101 gastroesophageal sphincter is almost 4 cms and an anterior esophagomyotomy of 5 to 6 cms is long enough in these @entity1 . Extending the section 7 to 10 cms proximally would seem to be unnecessary and may provoke more reflux. The mortality rate of the surgical procedure is very low--less than 0.2%. @entity260 can occur in almost 4% of them, esophageal leakage being the most dangerous. The most frequent late complication is @entity354 , which can occur symptomatically in 10% of the cases and by objective studies in almost 20% of the @entity1 . The addition of antireflux surgery is controversial. If performed, it must be ensured that no obstruction can occur; esophageal emptying in an aperistalsic esophagus can be seriously delayed. Comparative studies suggest that the addition of antireflux surgery gives better results than myotomy alone. Surgeons performing this operative technique should be specialized digestive tract surgeons and familiar with manometric studies.

title: Results of surgical treatment of XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggest an association between non-motor symptoms and essential @entity400 (ET). Few studies have assessed psychological symptoms in ET. These studies were limited to western white populations and utilized scales that were specific to only one or two psychiatric domains. By contrast, the Symptom Checklist-90R (SCL-90R) is a validated clinical scale to screen for symptoms related to a spectrum of nine different psychological domains. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a wide spectrum of non-motor manifestations is associated with ET in @entity1 in an Asian cohort. METHODS: Consecutive ET @entity1 and a group of control subjects were evaluated using the SCL-90R, which is comprised of items in nine major symptom dimensions and three global indices, including the positive symptom distress index. RESULTS: ET @entity1 (N = 84) and controls (N = 78) were similar in age (50.0+/-18.0 vs 46.0+/-14.4 years), gender and other demographic variables. ET @entity1 had higher scores in three of nine major symptom dimensions: @entity148 , @entity148 (p < 0.0005) and psychoticism (p = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, the @entity148 (p < 0.0005) and the positive symptom distress index scores (p < 0.0005) were greater in ET @entity1 compared to controls after adjusting for sex, age, marital status and educational level. The severity, but not duration of ET was correlated with the severity of @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing the SCL-90R, we highlighted that ET @entity1 reported more non-motor symptoms than healthy controls. The more frequent occurrence of @entity148 in our Asian cohort extends the observation that such non-motor manifestations should be considered in the clinical management of ET.

title: Non-motor manifestations in essential XXXX : use of a validated instrument to evaluate a wide spectrum of symptoms.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety', 'phobic anxiety']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in sociogenomics allow for comparative analyses of molecular mechanisms regulating the development of social behavior. In eusocial insects, one key aspect of their sociality, the division of labor, has received the most attention. Age-related polyethism, a derived form of division of labor in ants and @entity5157 where colony tasks are allocated among distinct behavioral phenotypes, has traditionally been assumed to be a product of convergent evolution. Previous work has shown that the circadian @entity54053 is associated with the development of behavior and division of labor in @entity5157 societies. We cloned the ortholog of the @entity54053 gene, period, from a harvester ant (Pogonomyrmex occidentalis) and examined circadian rhythms and daily activity patterns in a species that represents an evolutionary origin of eusociality independent of the @entity5157 . RESULTS: Using real time qPCR analyses, we determined that harvester ants have a daily cyclic expression of period and this rhythm is endogenous (free-running under dark-dark conditions). Cyclic expression of period is task-specific; foragers have strong daily fluctuations but nest workers inside the nest do not. These patterns correspond to differences in behavior as activity levels of foragers show a diurnal pattern while nest workers tend to exhibit continuous locomotor activity at lower levels. In addition, we found that foragers collected in the early fall (relative warm, long days) exhibit a delay in the nightly peak of period expression relative to foragers collected in the early spring (relative cold, short days). CONCLUSION: The association of period mRNA expression levels with harvester ant task behaviors suggests that the development of circadian rhythms is associated with the behavioral development of ants. Thus, the circadian @entity54053 pathway may represent a conserved 'genetic toolkit' that has facilitated the parallel evolution of age-related polyethism and task allocation in social insects.

title: Expression patterns of a circadian XXXX gene are associated with age-related polyethism in harvester ants, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis.

answer: @entity54053 :: (410757(Tax:7460),Gene) :: ['clock']


abstract: This study further analyzed the environmental and genetic mechanisms underlying the previously reported strain differences in @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) activity in the nigrostriatal and hypothalamic @entity935 system of the BALB/cJ (B) and CBA/J (C) inbred @entity19 strains and related behavioral processes using parental and reciprocal F1 hybrid generations. Significant strain differences were found in both sexes in all the measured characters. Comparing males and females, sexual dimorphisms were found in TH activity of substantia nigra (SN), corpus striatum (CS) and hypothalamus (H), and in exploratory behavior (IE). Presence of sexual dimorphism was genotype dependent, with the exception of TH activity in H. Major components of strain differences, maternal effects and additive gene effects, were separated by biometrical genetic methods. The analysis indicated that significant maternal effects were present in TH activity of TH and CS with a trend towards this phenomenon in the SN. Additive gene effects were significant in all characters and various degrees of dominance were expressed in the hybrids in TH activity of SN and CS, as well as in behavioral traits, IE and spontaneous locomotion (SL). All the biochemical and behavioral parameters were expressed at lower levels in CBA/J than in BALB/cJ @entity19 and reciprocal F1 hybrids took intermediate positions between the two parental strains for all phenotypes examined, with the exception of IE, where complete dominance was found in (CXB)F1 females. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that some of the genes affecting TH activity in brain @entity935 systems contribute to the expression of @entity935 mediated behaviors. Our analysis also indicates the possibility that the maternal effects on TH activity in CS and SN are the consequences of X-chromosome linked gene effects. We suggest that the influence of the X-chromosome linked gene(s) is dependent upon the action of gonadal steroids during the critical period of ontogenesis, and X-chromosome linked gene(s) play a major role in the genotype dependent expression of sexual dimorphism in TH activity.

title: Genetic effects and sexual dimorphism in XXXX hydroxylase activity in two @entity19 strains and their reciprocal F1 hybrids.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Gastrointestinal @entity361 have been classified as benign ( @entity2909 ) or malignant ( @entity1822 ). More recently, these @entity5 have been termed @entity674 ( @entity674 ). @entity674 have a highly variable clinical course. This review analyzes the clinical presentation, pathologic examination, and long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity677 . A retrospective analysis of the clinical course of @entity1 with @entity677 at a single institution from 1986 to 1998 was performed. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity677 (12 gastric, two duodenal, three jejunal, and two rectal) were treated. The most common clinical presentation was @entity360 . CT scans, contrast studies, and endoscopy were used to identify a @entity5 mass. Diagnosis of @entity677 was made in only two @entity1 preoperatively. @entity5 size ranged from 0.8 to 23 cm. Histology of the @entity5 was variable. All @entity1 underwent surgical resection with curative intent. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 55 months. There were two perioperative @entity204 . Local recurrence occurred in one @entity1 . @entity674 are uncommon. Preoperative diagnosis can be difficult, and often the diagnosis is made at the time of surgery. With complete resection of the @entity5 the clinical course is favorable with very few local recurrences. Therefore complete resection of the @entity5 is recommended.

title: XXXX : analysis of clinical and pathologic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleed']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to analyse patterns of failure or symptom recurrence after primary sympathectomy for @entity1119 , and to carry out tactical problem-solving for resympathectomy and review the operative findings. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, 20 @entity1 (six @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) underwent resympathectomy for palmar @entity1119 (13 @entity1 , 20 sides) or axillary @entity1119 (seven @entity1 , ten sides). T2-3 sympathectomy for palmar @entity1119 or T4-5 sympathectomy for axillary @entity1119 was performed during the repeat procedure. Criteria for evaluation by means of @entity1 questionnaire included good (more than 80 per cent), fair (50-80 per cent) and poor (less than 50 per cent) improvement. RESULTS: Operative findings included inadequate sympathectomy on 19 sides, nerve regeneration on eight sides and no evidence of previous sympathectomy on three sides. One @entity1 had Kuntz fibre in addition to inadequate sympathectomy. In the palmar @entity1119 group, good results were obtained in all 13 @entity1 on all 20 sides after resympathectomy. In the axillary @entity1119 group, six of seven @entity1 , or eight of ten sides, showed good results after resympathectomy. CONCLUSION: The main cause of primary sympathectomy failure was inadequate surgery, and recurrence of @entity1119 was seldom caused by nerve regeneration. The key factor for preventing failed sympathectomy or recurrent @entity1119 is a first-time sympathectomy that is both accurate and adequate. Most @entity1 with recurrent symptoms can be cured by resympathectomy.

title: Resympathectomy for palmar and axillary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['palmar or axillary hyperhidrosis', 'hyperhidrosis']

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: The efficacy and @entity137 of a combination of @entity3003 and @entity786 (CC) were studied in a group of 76 @entity1 with advanced @entity43 . Progression-free (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared with a historical group of 68 @entity1 treated with @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity900 (CAP-5). Subjective @entity137 was compared by measurement of @entity8945 , the Time Without Symptoms of @entity66 . Of 75 evaluable @entity1 treated with CC, 18 (24%) had a pathologically complete remission (pCR), and 31 (41%) a partial remission (PR). CC led to grade 3 @entity1431 in 38% and grade 4 in 3% of 421 treatment cycles. @entity882 grade 3 was seen after 7% and grade 4 after 2% of cycles. Treatment delay occurred in 11.5% and dose reduction in 21% of cycles. Nephro- or @entity2359 did not occur. After a median followup of 18 months, the median PFS was greater than or equal to 22 and the @entity1349 was greater than or equal to 25 months. Median duration of @entity8945 was greater than or equal to 22 versus greater than or equal to 10 months after CAP-5 (p less than 0.01). Compared with historical controls, treatment with CC is equivalent to CAP-5. It is free of nephro- and @entity2359 , but is more myelosuppressive. Quality of life, measured by @entity8945 , is significantly better during CC. Owing to its equivalent efficacy with lower subjective @entity137 , @entity3003 should replace @entity900 in treating @entity1 with advanced @entity43 .

title: [ @entity3003 in the treatment of @entity43 ; as effective and less toxic in comparison with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Treatment or Disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of natural orifice endoscopic transanal total mesorectal excision (TME) with laparoscopic assistance in a cohort study of five @entity1 with stage I and IIA @entity5 . METHODS: Five eligible @entity1 with node-negative @entity5 located 4-12 cm from the anal verge were enrolled in an IRB-approved pilot study. All @entity1 underwent transanal endoscopic TME with laparoscopic assistance, hand-sewn coloanal anastomosis, and a diverting loop ileostomy. Primary and secondary end points included adequacy of the mesorectal excision and 30-day postoperative complications, respectively. RESULTS: Between November 2011 and May 2012, three males and two females underwent transanal endoscopic TME with laparoscopic assistance. @entity1 mean age and BMI were 48.6    9.8 years and 25.7    2.3 kg/m(2), respectively. @entity5 were located an average of 5.7    2.4 cm from the anal verge and preoperatively staged as T1N0M0 (2), T2N0M0 (1), and T3N0M0 (2). Mean operative time was 274.6    85.4 min with no intraoperative complications. Partial intersphincteric resection was performed in conjunction with transanal endoscopic TME in three @entity1 . Pathologic examination of TME specimens demonstrated complete mesorectal excision in all cases with negative proximal, distal, and radial margins. Mean length of hospital stay was 5.2    2.6 days and three minor complications occurred, including one ileus and two cases of transient @entity1973 . At a mean early follow-up of 5.4    2.3 months, all @entity1 remain disease-free. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study of five @entity1 with @entity5 , transanal endoscopic TME with laparoscopic assistance is feasible and safe, and is a promising alternative to open and laparoscopic TME. Evaluation of long-term functional and oncologic outcomes of this approach is needed before widespread adoption can be recommended.

title: A pilot study of natural orifice transanal endoscopic total mesorectal excision with laparoscopic assistance for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine interobserver agreement between radiologists for computed tomography (CT) angiography and venography. CT venography of the lower extremities combined with standard CT angiography of the chest may result in an @entity1211 ( @entity1151 or @entity1150 ). METHODS: The study had a retrospective cohort design. The population consisted of emergency department @entity1 who were evaluated for suspected @entity1151 . A random sample of 50 @entity1 diagnosed and treated for @entity1211 and 50 age- and gender-matched @entity1 whose CT angiograms and venograms were read as negative were enrolled. The original reading (R1) was compared with readings of two study radiologists: R2, a general radiologist, and R3, a radiologist with fellowship training in cross-sectional imaging. All readers were blinded to each other. RESULTS: Both R2 and R3 found both CT angiogram and venogram components technically adequate in 95% (95% CI = 89% to 98%) and 86% (95% CI = 78% to 92%) of studies, respectively. The agreement was very good for CT angiography (lowest agreement = 92%; lowest kappa = 0.83) and was good for CT venography (85%, kappa = 0.65). In nine cases, R1 read the CT angiogram as negative but the venogram as positive for @entity11942 , whereas both R2 and R3 read both components as negative in four of these nine, suggesting a false-positive @entity11942 rate of 44% (95% CI = 19% to 73%). In no case did R1 read both scan components as negative when R2 and R3 agreed on presence of @entity1151 or @entity11942 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity1151 on CT angiography is more reliable than diagnosis of @entity11942 on CT venography.

title: Interobserver agreement for the diagnosis of XXXX on computed tomography chest angiography and indirect venography of the lower extremities in emergency department @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['increased overall diagnosis rate of venous thromboembolism', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity11942 :: ('OMIM:612862', 'Disease') :: ['DVT', 'isolated DVT']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: @entity393 ( @entity393 ) can be calculated as the difference between a @entity1 's tallest recalled height (TRH) and the current measured height (MH). We have examined the accuracy of @entity393 as a clinical test for the detection of prevalent @entity174 . Subjects were postmenopausal @entity1 aged 50 or older who had been referred for specialist assessment of @entity170 risk (n=323; average age 66.0+/-9.2 years; range 50-92 years). MH was determined using a wall-mounted stadiometer. The presence of prevalent @entity174 was assessed by radiographic morphometry, with @entity174 defined as a vertebral height ratio<0.8. The positive likelihood ratio (LR+) for @entity174 was relatively flat until @entity393 >6.0 cm. With @entity393 from 6.1 to 8.0 cm, the LR+ was 2.8 [95% confidence interval (95%CI), 1.3, 6.0]. When @entity393 was >8.0 cm, the LR+ was 9.8 (95% CI, 3.0, 31.8). The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the ability of @entity393 to detect @entity174 was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59, 0.72). At @entity393 >6.0 cm, sensitivity was 30% (95% CI, 22, 37%), and specificity was 94% (95% CI, 90, 97%). The positive predictive value was relatively low across a range of theoretical prevalence, rising above 80% only at very high prevalence rates (>50%). In contrast, the negative predictive value was high at the prevalence rates seen in most clinical practice, and dropped below 80% only when the prevalence exceeded 25%. This study shows that @entity393 <or=6.0 cm rules out prevalent @entity174 with a high degree of accuracy; @entity1 with @entity393 >6.0 cm should have spine radiographs to examine for the presence of @entity174 .

title: The accuracy of historical height loss for the detection of @entity174 in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Historical height loss', 'HHL']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the impact of hospital volume and specialization on the cost of @entity2694 care. DESIGN: Comparative case series and database study. @entity1 : Four hundred ninety-nine @entity1 who underwent orbital reconstruction at either a high-volume regional eye @entity130 center, its academic parent institution, or all other hospitals in Maryland between 2004 and 2009. METHODS: We used a publicly available database of hospital discharge data to identify the study population's clinical and cost characteristics. Multivariate models were developed to determine the impact of care setting on hospital costs while controlling for @entity1 demographic and clinical variables. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean hospital costs accrued during hospital admission for orbital reconstruction in 3 separate care settings. RESULTS: Almost half (n = 248) of all @entity1 received surgical care at the regional eye @entity130 center and had significantly lower adjusted mean hospital costs ( 6194; 95% confidence interval [CI],  5709- 6719) compared with its parent institution ( 8642; 95% CI,  7850- 9514) and all other hospitals ( 12,692; 95% CI,  11,467- 14,047). A subpopulation analysis selecting @entity1 with low comorbidity scores also was performed. The eye @entity130 center continued to have lower adjusted costs ( 4277; 95% CI,  4112- 4449) relative to its parent institution ( 6595; 95% CI,  5838- 7451) and other hospitals ( 7150; 95% CI,  5969- 8565). CONCLUSIONS: Higher volume and specialization seen at a regional eye @entity130 center are associated with lower costs in the surgical management of @entity2694 .

title: Impact of hospital volume and specialization on the cost of XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital trauma']


abstract: The clinical and pathological features of three cases of @entity722 occurring in @entity1 were studied. Precocious pseudopuberty developed in two @entity1 and acute abdominal symptoms related to the @entity5 developed in one. Surgery was the only treatment in each case and no adjuvant therapy was delivered. No @entity1 experienced relapse. Histological examination showed a predominantly diffuse pattern with prominent luteinization. Call-Exner bodies were absent. Two @entity5 had multilocular thin walled cysts containing large amounts of @entity53 , the third one contained rudimentary microfollicles. The prognosis of @entity722 in infancy appears more favorable than those occurring in older @entity1 . No case of @entity5 recurrence has been reported in infancy so far. Surgery appears to be the state-of-the-art treatment of these @entity5 and additional therapy (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) must be discussed with caution, even in advanced stages.

title: Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary in XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of three cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rupture of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile granulosa cell tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1 pregnant after a poor response in IVF have pregnancy-induced @entity101 and @entity1468 more frequently than @entity1 with pregnancies after a normal response in IVF. Poor response to ovarian stimulation for IVF reflects advanced @entity43 , which may be associated with early vascular @entity1240 . This may become apparent in an increased incidence of @entity101 in pregnancies achieved after poor response in IVF. DESIGN: @entity1 -control study. SETTING: Tertiary Fertility Center. @entity1 (S): One hundred fifty poor (three oocytes or fewer) and 150 normal responders (8-12 oocytes) pregnant after IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), matched for age, type of @entity249 , dose of recombinant FSH, singleton or twin pregnancy, and IVF or ICSI treatment. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Primary end points were birth weight of the neonate and the incidence of pregnancy-related @entity101 . Secondary end points were duration of pregnancy, type of delivery, and live birth of the neonate. RESULT(S): Poor and normal responders did not have significantly different incidences in pregnancy-related @entity101 , nor did their neonates differ significantly in birth weight. Moreover, duration of pregnancy, type of delivery, and live birth ratios were similar in both poor and normal responders. CONCLUSION(S): From this matched control study we were unable to confirm our hypothesis, that @entity1 pregnant after a poor response in IVF have pregnancy-induced @entity101 and @entity1468 more frequently than @entity1 with pregnancies after a normal response in IVF. These results do not support a vascular etiology of poor response.

title: XXXX in poor and normal responders after in vitro fertilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian aging']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive pregnancy complications', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive pregnancy complications']


abstract: @entity8452 receptor (RyR) @entity141 release channel is the target of @entity13131 insecticides, which show selective insecticidal activity against lepidopterous insects. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying the species-specific action of @entity13131 insecticides, we have cloned and characterized the entire cDNA sequence of RyR from @entity3530 (named as OfRyR). The OfRyR mRNA has an Open Reading Frame of 15324 bp @entity2036 and encodes a 5108 @entity535 polypeptide that displays 79-97% identity with other insects RyR proteins and shows the greatest identity with @entity14870 RyR (97%). Quantitative real-time PCR showed that the OfRyR was expressed at the lowest level in egg and the highest level in adult. The relative expression level of OfRyR in first, third and fifth-instar larva were 1.28, 1.19 and 1.99 times of that in egg. Moreover, two alternative splicing sites were identified in the OfRyR gene. One pair of mutually exclusive exons (a/b) were present in the central part of the predicted SPRY domain, and an optional exon (c) was located between the third and fourth RyR domains. Diagnostic PCR demonstrated that exons a and b existed in all developmental stages of OfRyR cDNA, but exon c was not detected in the egg cDNA. And the usage frequencies of these exons showed a significant difference between different developmental stages. These results provided the crucial basis for the functional expression of OfRyR and for the discovery of compound with potentially selective insect activtity.

title: Molecular cloning, characterization and expression profiling of a XXXX receptor gene in @entity3530 , @entity3530 (Guen  e).

entities_list: @entity14870 :: ('437488', 'Species') :: ['Cnaphalocrocis medinalis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['Ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity3530 :: ('93504', 'Species') :: ['Ostrinia furnacalis']

answer: @entity8452 :: (MESH:D012433,Chemical) :: ['ryanodine']


abstract: AIM: Multi-organ resection for @entity14 is a topic of interest nowadays as it raises the issue of benefits versus increased morbidity. This study aims to identify factors that may influence the development of @entity260 and @entity204 following multivisceral resection. METHODS: The study included 107 @entity1 hospitalized in the Surgical Clinic III of Cluj-Napoca, who underwent multivisceral resections for @entity14 pathology. This is a retrospective study covering the period between 2006 and 2010. This study compares the morbidity and mortality following multi-organ resections for locally advanced @entity14 , with results in @entity1 with uncomplicated colorectal resections. The study also highlights the impact that certain factors have on the development of @entity260 . RESULTS: This study shows a higher incidence of @entity260 in the case of multiorgan resections. The differences were found to be statistically significant as follows: @entity260 : 26% after multiorgan resection and 14% after uncomplicated resection respectively (p = 0.001); postoperative @entity204 : 11% after multi-organ resection and 3% after uncomplicated resection respectively (p < 0.001). The factors that have influenced in a negative way the postoperative evolution of the @entity1 were: @entity6 , personal history of @entity5 , associated @entity299 , major abdominal surgery prior enrolling, the number of resected organs and increased intraoperative @entity190 (over 500 ml). CONCLUSION: In cases of locally advanced @entity14 , multiorgan resection should become the standard indication, as it offers @entity1 their only chance of survival, comparable to that obtained in less advanced stages of the disease. This indication is underlined by the high resecability rate (R0) accomplished in our service. Preoperative compensation of the associated pathologies, the surgery performed by experienced teams, as well as providing an adequate intensive care are required to reduce the postoperative risks.

title: Multi-organ resections for @entity14 : analysis of potential factors with role in the occurrence of @entity260 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'death and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the presence of @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ) on MRI in @entity1 with @entity1575 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 117 consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 followed-up by MRI were retrospectively reviewed. Two groups were defined: the first group included @entity1 with @entity1053 on MRI (n=15), the other group included @entity1 without @entity1053 (n=102). Both characteristics of groups were reviewed using standard @entity82 criteria evaluation: sex, age, etiology of @entity82 , @entity1 -Pugh score, presence of esophageal varices, @entity381 , @entity8056 , recanalization of the periumbilical veins, and presence of @entity99 . Fisher's exact test and student t-test were used to compare both groups. RESULTS: @entity1053 were more frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity381 (P=0.035). @entity9595 was the only etiology for @entity82 statistically correlated to the presence of @entity1053 (P=0.006) in our series. No other statistically significant association was noted between @entity1053 and other characteristics of our cirrhotic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Easily identified on all MRI pulse sequences, @entity1053 do not correlate with the severity of @entity82 . However, they are strongly correlated with the presence of @entity381 and may be the result of segmental splenic @entity101 . They are frequent in @entity1 with @entity9595 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity82 : a meaningless finding?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Gamna-Gandy bodies', 'GGB']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['Hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity1053 :: (MESH:D001835,Disease) :: ['Gamna-Gandy bodies']


abstract: A @entity235 model of unilobar papain-induced @entity2415 was used to examine the extent to which differences in alveolar pressures (PA) would develop between an emphysematous right lower lobe (RLL) and normal left lower lobe (LLL) during forced vital capacity (FVC) deflation. RLL and LLL PA (PARLL and PALLL, respectively) were measured by the alveolar capsule technique. During forced deflation, PA and lobar flows were determined between 95 and 20% FVC. A choke point common to both lower lobes was observed at > 40% FVC. The results showed that deflation compliance (C) was altered for the RLL such that <90% lobar vital capacity, CRLL > CLLL, whereas >90% lobar vital capacity, CRLL < CLLL. At 95 and 90% FVC, the initial RLL PA decline was greater than that for the LLL (P < 0.05). However, large differences in PA were prevented because of the effect of @entity450 ( @entity450 ). @entity450 caused a relative decrease in RLL flows and increase in LLL flows that limited PA differences. Between 80 and 50% FVC, as CRLL became greater than CLLL, and because of the initial effect of @entity450 , PARLL was approximately PALLL. At < and = 40% FVC, without @entity450 , lobar differences in PA widened. These findings indicate that @entity450 may affect the dynamics of flow limitation in regional lung disease.

title: Mechanism of lobar alveolar pressure decline during forced deflation in @entity235 regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['IREF', 'interdependence of regional expiratory flow']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: Type 1 @entity15439 ( @entity37305 ) is a recessively inherited condition, characterized by profound @entity2319 , @entity394 , and prepubertal onset of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ). While the auditory component of @entity37305 can be treated by cochlear implants, to date there is no effective treatment for @entity6391 . @entity37305 can be caused by mutations in each of at least six genes. While truncating mutations of these genes cause @entity37305 , some missense mutations of the same genes cause @entity3491 . These observations suggest that partial or low level activity of the encoded proteins may be sufficient for normal retinal function, although not for normal hearing. In individuals with @entity37305 due to nonsense mutations, interventions enabling partial translation of a full-length functional protein may delay the onset and/or progression of @entity6391 . One such possible therapeutic approach is suppression of nonsense mutations by small molecules such as @entity581 . We decided to test this approach as a potential therapy for @entity6391 in @entity37305 @entity1 due to nonsense mutations. We initially focused on nonsense mutations of the @entity20053 gene, underlying @entity20053 . Here, we show suppression of several @entity20053 nonsense mutations, both in vitro and ex vivo. Suppression was achieved both by commercial @entity581 and by NB30, a new @entity4028 -derivative developed by us. NB30 has reduced @entity137 in comparison to commercial @entity581 , and thus may be more efficiently used for therapeutic purposes. The research described here has important implications for the development of targeted interventions that are effective for @entity1 with @entity37305 caused by various nonsense mutations.

title: In vitro and ex vivo suppression by @entity581 of @entity20053 nonsense mutations underlying type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic deafness']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['prelingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular areflexia']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity15439 :: (MESH:D052245,Disease) :: ['Usher syndrome']


abstract: The role of @entity842 (NO) in regulating lymphatic contractile function and, consequently, lymph flow has been the subject of intense study. Despite this, the precise effects of NO on lymphatic contractile activity remain unclear. Recent hypotheses posit that basal levels of endogenous NO increase lymphatic contraction strength as a consequence of lowering frequency (i.e. positive lusitropy), whereas higher agonist-evoked concentrations of NO exert purely inhibitory effects on contractile function. We tested both hypotheses directly by isolating and cannulating collecting lymphatic vessels from genetically modified @entity19 for ex vivo study. The effects of basal NO and agonist-evoked NO were evaluated, respectively, by exposing @entity164 ( @entity164 ), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)(-/-) and @entity13633 ( @entity13633 )(-/-) lymphatic vessels to controlled pressure steps followed by @entity3451 doses. To compare with pharmacological inhibition of eNOS, we repeated both tests in the presence of @entity6462 . Surprisingly, genetic removal of basal NO enhanced contraction amplitude significantly without increasing contraction frequency. Higher levels of NO production stimulated by @entity3451 evoked dilation, decreased tone, slowed contraction frequency and reduced fractional pump flow. We conclude that basal NO specifically depresses contraction amplitude, and that greater NO production then inhibits all other aspects of contractile function. Further, this work demonstrates definitively that @entity19 collecting lymphatic vessels exhibit autonomous, large-amplitude contractions that respond to pressure similarly to collecting lymphatics of other @entity1 species. At least in the peripheral lymphatic vasculature, NO production depresses contractile function, which influences lymph flow needed for fluid regulation, humoral immunity and cancer @entity3 .

title: Genetic removal of basal @entity842 enhances contractile activity in isolated XXXX collecting lymphatic vessels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity3 were studied by MR imaging. T1 and T2*-gradient field echo (FE) sequences (0.5 Tesla) were performed in all @entity1 . Primary sites were the lung (10 cases), breast (9 cases), colorectal area (9 cases), prostate (7 cases), liver (4 cases) and others. Of the 618 vertebrae evaluated, 315 had metastatic abnormalities, 241 (76.5%) of which showed low intensity on T1-weighted images. High intensity lesions on T2* weighted images were seen in 301 vertebrae (95.5%). Concerning the distribution of metastatic lesions, lumbosacral vertebrae were the most common sites, with the thoracic spine second in frequency. No significant difference was noticed between these primary sites. A total of 244 metastatic lesions occupied most of the vertebral body, 49 of which were accompanied with @entity5 . Seventy-one small lesions were considered early metastasis, two-thirds of which were located in the metaphysis of vertebrae. No @entity5 were seen in this group. These findings suggest that the main route for @entity5 cells to the vertebrae is the systemic circulation rather than the vertebral venous system.

title: [Study of XXXX by MR imaging: significance of T2*weighted image (gradient field echo) and metastatic pattern].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer', 'epidural tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['vertebral metastasis']


abstract: Perinatal @entity63 ( @entity63 ) @entity1545 remains a major contributing factor to newborn mortality and morbidity. Preconditioning with mild @entity519 has been shown to protect the brain against @entity63 insults and it has recently been shown that mild @entity519 administered after a @entity1545 , termed 'postconditioning' can protect the adult @entity19 brain. Here, we have investigated the neuroprotective effects of @entity519 pre- and postconditioning in a neonatal @entity35 model of @entity2806 . 7-Day-old @entity35 pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation in combination with 3h at 5.5% @entity26 . @entity519 treatments consisted of either 3h of 8% @entity26 performed 24h prior to injury (preconditioning); or 1h of 8% @entity26 24h post-injury, performed once a day for 5 days (postconditioning). Brains were removed 1 week post-injury for histological analysis. @entity63 caused an increase in lesion volume compared to controls and both @entity519 pre- and postconditioning reduced the degree of @entity75 following @entity63 . To specifically examine @entity528 , @entity2141 immunohistochemistry and regional brain area analysis were performed. @entity63 caused a loss in @entity2141 staining in all brain regions examined. Preconditioning with @entity519 resulted in a significant reduction in cortical, hippocampal and striatal @entity528 , compared with @entity63 alone. @entity519 postconditioning resulted in a reduction in cortical and striatal @entity528 , compared to @entity63 alone. Our results further support the clinical potential for mild @entity519 in the treatment of @entity1545 , either as a pre- or post-injury treatment strategy.

title: The neuroprotective actions of XXXX preconditioning and postconditioning in a neonatal @entity35 model of @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['HI brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['HI', 'hypoxic-ischemic', 'HI injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rat']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxic']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test that prospective delivery of higher thermal dose is associated with longer @entity5 control duration. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 122 @entity235 with a heatable soft tissue @entity242 were randomized to receive a low (2-5 CEM43 degrees CT90) or high (20-50 CEM43 degrees CT90) thermal dose in combination with radiotherapy. Most @entity235 (90%) received four to six @entity221 treatments over 5 weeks. RESULTS: In the primary analysis, median (95% confidence interval) duration of local control in the low-dose group was 1.2 (0.7-2.1) years versus 1.9 (1.4-3.2) years in the high-dose group (log-rank P = 0.28). The probability (95% confidence interval) of @entity5 control at 1 year in the low-dose versus high-dose groups was 0.57 (0.43-0.70) versus 0.74 (0.62-0.86), respectively. Using multivariable procedure, thermal dose group (P = 0.023), total duration of heating (P = 0.008), @entity5 volume (P = 0.041), and @entity5 grade (P = 0.027) were significantly related to duration of @entity5 control. When correcting for volume, grade, and duration of heating, @entity235 in the low-dose group were 2.3 times as likely to experience local failure. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal dose is directly related to local control duration in irradiated @entity235 @entity242 . Longer heating being associated with shorter @entity5 control was unexpected. However, the effect of thermal dose on @entity5 control was stronger than for heating duration. The heating duration effect is possibly mediated through deleterious effects on @entity5 oxygenation. These results are the first to show the value of prospectively controlled thermal dose in achieving @entity5 control with thermoradiotherapy, and they establish a paradigm for prescribing thermoradiotherapy and writing a thermal prescription.

title: Thermal dose is related to duration of local control in @entity235 XXXX treated with thermoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity66 staged @entity151 ( @entity151 ), overall survival is still poor. Therefore, a retrospective study was carried out of 48 @entity1 with @entity66 staged @entity151 to select a parameter which can identify prognostic subgroups at the time of diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Follow-up varied from 3 to 96 months during which 38 @entity1 died. Based on clinical outcome, @entity1 were clustered into three groups: complete remission (CR) (n = 16); local recurrence (LOC) (n = 7); and distant recurrence (DIS) (n = 25). Age, gender and pretreatment biochemical parameters were correlated with clinical outcome and survival. RESULTS: No differences in survival were found in @entity1 with LOC (14% 2-year survival) and DIS (16% 2-year survival) (P = 0.67). @entity1 with complete remission demonstrated a significantly better survival (75% 2-year survival). LDH was found to be the only significant correlate of both @entity5 progression and survival. All @entity1 with pretreatment LDH levels > 240 IU/l (n = 13) demonstrated @entity5 recurrence. The survival rate of @entity1 with LDH levels < 240 IU/l (41% 2-year survival) was much better than that of @entity1 with LDH levels > 240 IU/l (8% 2-year survival) (P = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: LDH may be used for the identification of prognostic subgroups in @entity66 @entity151 . @entity1 showing pretreatment LDH levels > 240 IU/l have an extremely high risk of @entity5 recurrence, whereas survival is poor. In @entity1 with LDH levels, < 240 IU/l survival is significantly better.

title: Pretreatment serum LDH as additional staging parameter in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Regarding @entity301 , @entity1 have often been excluded from clinical trials. Current practical recommendations are thus based on studies in @entity1 . To identify the non invasive technique of choice in detecting @entity453 in @entity1 , a study with different diagnostic tests has been undertaken. METHODS: Exercise stress test, @entity4341 echocardiography (0.84 mg/kg), @entity452 echocardiography (up to a total dose of 40 micrograms/kg per minute and @entity3897 if necessary), MIBI-SPECT during @entity452 infusion and coronary angiography, were performed in 40 consecutive @entity1 with @entity662 and no previous history of @entity453 . RESULTS: The four tests had similar sensitivity: exercise stress test (80%; CI 95%, 52-94), @entity4341 echocardiography (80%; CI 95%, 56-93), @entity452 echocardiography (80%; CI 95%, 56-93) and scintigraphy MIBI-SPECT (85%; CI 95%, 61-95). The specificity of @entity4341 echocardiography (100%; CI 95%, 83-100) and @entity452 echocardiography (90%; CI 95%, 67-98) was higher than that of exercise stress test (50%; CI 95%, 22-78) and MIBI-SPECT (65%; CI 95%, 41-84). The positive predictive values of @entity4341 and @entity452 echocardiography were 100% and 88% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The feasibility of exercise stress test in @entity1 is inferior to that of the other techniques. The sensitivity of the four tests to diagnose @entity453 is similar. The specificity of @entity4341 echocardiography and @entity452 echocardiography is higher than that of exercise stress test and MIBI-SPECT. Stress echocardiography can be considered the non invasive technique of choice for diagnosing @entity453 in @entity1 .

title: [A non-invasive test choice for the diagnosis of XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: The study aimed to identify @entity74 associated with secondary @entity3052 (sAML) in comparison with @entity3052 arising de novo (dnAML) and assess their impact on @entity1 ' @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). High-resolution genotyping and loss of heterozygosity mapping was performed on DNA samples from 86 sAML and 117 dnAML @entity1 , using Affymetrix Genome-Wide @entity1 SNP 6.0 arrays. Genes @entity876 , @entity5316 , @entity5315 , @entity8725 , @entity8497 , @entity8102 , and @entity7801 were analyzed for mutations in all @entity1 . We identified 36 recurrent cytogenetic aberrations (more than five events). Mutations in @entity876 , 9pUPD, and @entity6158 (targeting @entity8085 locus) were significantly associated with sAML, while @entity8102 and @entity7801 mutations associated with dnAML. @entity1 with sAML carrying @entity876 mutations demonstrated lower 1-year @entity1349 rate than those with wild-type @entity876 (14.3%    9.4% vs. 35.4%    7.2%; P = 0.002), while complex karyotype, @entity6158 ( @entity8085 ) and @entity847 ( @entity6763 ) showed no significant effect on @entity1349 . Multivariate analysis confirmed that mutant @entity876 was the only independent adverse prognostic factor for @entity1349 in sAML (hazard ratio 2.67; 95% CI: 1.33-5.37; P = 0.006). @entity1 with dnAML and complex karyotype carried sAML-associated defects ( @entity876 defects in 54.5%, deletions targeting @entity12624 and @entity9604 loci in 45.4% of the cases). We identified several co-occurring lesions associated with either sAML or dnAML diagnosis. Our data suggest that distinct @entity74 drive leukemogenesis in sAML. High karyotype complexity of sAML @entity1 does not influence @entity1349 . Somatic mutations in @entity876 are the only independent adverse prognostic factor in sAML. @entity1 with dnAML and complex karyotype show genetic features associated with sAML and myeloproliferative @entity5 .

title: Clinical significance of XXXX in secondary @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity847 :: ('|DEL||7', 'DNAMutation') :: ['del7p']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['genetic aberrations']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of three potential bonding materials on the proliferation, viability, and functional capacity of the @entity1 gingival fibroblasts in an in vitro environment. The cultured gingival fibroblasts used were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). The three bonding materials used were @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ), OptiBond  , and Prime _ Bond  . Fibroblasts were exposed to each bonding agent for durations of 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cellular protein levels determined that exposure to Prime _ Bond   resulted in a significant increase in cellular protein (17.62  2.61 mg/mL) after 24 hours when compared to control and @entity4625 and OptiBond   exposures. Cellular protein levels were similar for experimental and control groups after 72 hours. The @entity1865 assay showed no statistically significant differences at 24, 48, and 72 hours following exposure with @entity4625 or OptiBond   when compared to control cells. Membrane lipid peroxidation was not detected in the Prime _ Bond   exposed cells. There is no significant decrease in cellular damage as measured by activity of LDH in the cell media at 24 and 48 hours. Prime _ Bond   incubated with fibroblast cells for 72 hours resulted in a significant increase in LDH activity in the media (40.512    4.437 IU/mg Protein) compared to control (19.975    3.463 IU/mg Protein) and other dental bonding compounds. OptiBond   resulted in a decrease in reduced @entity2041 levels after 24 hours when compared to @entity4625 and Prime _ Bond   exposure. No differences in intracellular levels were detected after 48 and 72 hours. This investigation suggests that the physiochemical characteristics of restorative dental adhesives have to be considered a key factor in the biocompatibility status.

title: Functional and structural responses associated with potential restorative dental adhesives using XXXX gingival fibroblasts as a model.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['PMMA', 'polymethyl methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The clinical efficacy of local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) in @entity1 with @entity2023 is amply documented. The aim of the study was to determine the effect on @entity2488 ( @entity2488 ) assessed at baseline and after 3 years of LNIT or pharmacological treatment alone. Forty-three randomized @entity1 with @entity56 were enrolled (26 positive to Graminaceae and 17 to Parietaria judaica pollens). All @entity1 were asked whether they were willing to follow a 3-year treatment course involving preseasonal LNIT with a powder extract of Graminaceae or Parietaria pollens. Twenty-four @entity1 (16 allergic to Graminaceae and eight to Parietaria) selected LNIT and the other 19 opted for symptomatic pharmacological treatment only. The latter was considered the control group. On the basis of positive or negative @entity2488 and the LNIT, four subgroups were established and followed in open conditions, during which a record was kept of symptom scores, drug use, spirometry and @entity2710 test findings. After 3 years, @entity1 treated with LNIT had a significant @entity304 and drug intake. In the controls, symptoms worsened, thus requiring more drugs to control them. @entity2488 significantly improved in hyperreactive @entity1 receiving LN7IT 10 of whom were no longer hyperreactive and one at a higher threshold. Among controls, @entity2488 did not change, with the exception of three nonreactive @entity1 who became hyperreactive, one of them with @entity565 . These findings confirm the efficacy of LNIT in @entity2023 suggesting that it might have systemic activity interfering with @entity2488 and hence the onset of @entity565 .

title: Local nasal immunotherapy and bronchial hyperreactivity in XXXX : an observational pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['BHR', 'Bronchial hyperresponsiveness', 'bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic oculorhinitis']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']


abstract: A newborn male was diagnosed with @entity13526 . His 31-year-old mother had had @entity1910 during a period of @entity2588 lasting 7 weeks; she was not vaccinated and had never had a @entity281 . The @entity281 was confirmed serologically. The mother gave birth to an icteric, @entity20208 , dysmature neonate with @entity828 and @entity1910 with multiple, small purple-red spots. Ultrasound cardiography revealed a persistently open arterial duct and a small defect of the ventricular septum. Radiological evaluation of the long bones showed the characteristic longitudinal lucent strands ('celery stalk appearance'). Ultrasound of the cerebrum showed diffuse widespread calcifications in the white matter and basal ganglia, striatal vasculopathy and @entity401 . Psychomotor development was impaired. The @entity1 was completely deaf in the left ear and had severely poor hearing in the right ear. After the introduction of the @entity2462 vaccine in the Netherlands in 1974 a substantial decrease was seen in the incidence of @entity281 as well as @entity13526 . An epidemic of @entity281 has been present within the non-vaccinated population since September 2004. Recognition of the clinical symptoms and confirmation of the clinical suspicion with proper viral diagnostic methods are needed to control the current epidemic and to prevent secundary spread. @entity1 born with @entity13526 remain infectious to non-vaccinated individuals for a prolonged period of time; the virus is excreted in the urine and faeces. Long-term medical follow-up is necessary because the @entity281 can cause abnormalities after the neonatal period.

title: [The first newborn with @entity13526 during the XXXX epidemic in The Netherlands in 2004/'05].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous exanthema', 'exanthema']

entities_list: @entity20208 :: ('MESH:C537533', 'Disease') :: ['microcephalic']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rubella infections', 'infection', 'congenital rubella infection', 'rubella infection']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse parenchymal disorders']

entities_list: @entity13526 :: ('MESH:D012410', 'Disease') :: ['congenital rubella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: @entity170 is a @entity2526 characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture resulting in @entity79 , which impairs fixation of the implants. @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) is a potential inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and @entity664 ( @entity664 ) is a growth factor that stimulates osteoblast-mediated bone formation, and these drugs could enhance fixation of implants under @entity3604 . In this study, 40 ovariectomized (OVX) @entity35 were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10 for each group) and underwent bilateral tibiae implantation using @entity692 (HA)-coated titanium implant: Control group (distilled water immersing before implantation), @entity5921 group (1 mg/ml of @entity5921 immersing), @entity664 group (20 microg/ml of @entity664 immersing), and @entity5921 + @entity664 group (1 mg/ml of @entity5921 and 20 microg/ml of @entity664 immersing). At 3 months after implantation, all animal were sacrificed and the tibiae were harvested for histology, micro-CT examinations and biomechanical testing. Bone area and contact, determined by histomorphometric analysis, were 2.7-fold and 1.8-fold in the @entity5921 -treated implants, 1.9-fold and 1.8-fold in the @entity664 -treated implants, 3.6-fold and 2.3-fold in the both-treated implants compared with controls (p<0.01). Such significant effects were further confirmed by microstructure parameters, the bone volume ratio and the percentage osteointegration were significantly increased by @entity5921 treatment (3.0-fold and 1.8-fold), @entity664 treatment (1.2-fold and 1.9-fold) and @entity5921 + @entity664 treatment (3.3-fold and 2.7-fold) (p<0.001). In addition, push-out test showed that the maximum force and the corresponding interfacial shear strength of the implants treated by @entity5921 , @entity664 and @entity5921 + @entity664 was 8.4-fold and 8.6-fold, 3.8-fold and 3.7-fold, 10.8-fold and 10.7-fold of the control levels, respectively (p<0.05). The combined treatment was better than either treatment alone for force, but was not different from @entity5921 alone for interfacial strength. The significant correlation between biomechanical and micro-CT parameters demonstrates the role of microstructure assessments in predicting mechanical fixation of implants (p<0.01). Our study suggests that locally applied @entity5921 or @entity664 may improve implant fixation in the ovariectomized @entity35 , and that combined treatment has more beneficial effects on osseointegration, peri-implant bone formation and maximum force than either intervention alone.

title: Effect of combined local treatment with @entity4381 and @entity664 on implant fixation in ovariectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic conditions']

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disorder']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone fragility']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: To characterize @entity2227 / @entity492 uptake activity in various cellular and subcellular elements in the striatum, @entity35 striatal slices were exposed to 10 and 50 mu M exogenous (D)- @entity492 . After fixation with @entity3584 / @entity406 the distribution of @entity35966 was analysed by postembedding immunocytochemistry and the ultrastructural distribution was compared with the distributions of endogenous @entity2227 and @entity1246 . Light microscopically, (D)- @entity492 -like immunoreactivity was localized in conspicuous dots along very weakly labelled dendritic profiles and neuron cell bodies. At the electron microscope level gold particles signalling (D)- @entity492 occurred at highest density in nerve terminals making asymmetrical contacts with postsynaptic spines (i.e. resembling synapses of cortical afferents). Astrocytic processes also contained gold particles, but at a lower density than nerve endings. In contrast, dendritic spines were only weakly (D)- @entity492 -positive. The difference in labelling at 10 and 50 mu M (D)- @entity492 was consistent with 'high-affinity' uptake. Neighbouring sections processed with other antibodies showed that the @entity35966 labelling. Occurred in nerve terminals strongly immunoreactive for @entity2227 , rather than in terminals very weakly @entity2227 -immunopositive or in nerve endings immunoreactive for @entity1246 . @entity2227 labelling of perfusion-fixed striatum confirmed that terminals forming asymmetrical synaptic contacts with spines were enriched with gold particles, suggesting that these terminals use @entity2227 as a transmitter. This study demonstrates that high-affinity uptake sites for excitatory @entity1522 in the striatum are most strongly expressed on presumed glutamatergic nerve terminals and on astrocytes.

title: Selective excitatory amino acid uptake in glutamatergic nerve terminals and in glia in the @entity35 striatum: quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of exogenous @entity35966 and endogenous @entity2227 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity35966 :: ('CHEBI:29994', 'Chemical') :: ['(D)-aspartate', 'D-aspartate']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity102 , a well described complication of pelvic radiation therapy, can result in severe @entity548 that is refractory to conventional treatment. @entity3503 plasma coagulation is an effective treatment for @entity548 of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity3503 plasma coagulation in the management of severe @entity1161 resistant to medical treatment. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (10 males) aged between 54 and 86 years (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 73 +/- 3 years), with @entity102 after radiotherapy for prostate (n = 9), uterine (n = 1) or rectal (n = 1) @entity5 were enrolled in this prospective study. Traditional therapies had failed including mainly topical @entity230 , @entity2983 and sometimes @entity5418 . All @entity1 had active @entity548 from @entity8721 responsible for chronic @entity417 and seven of them required blood transfusions. The mean duration of the sessions was 20 minutes and one to five sessions (mean, 3.2 +/- 0.4), usually without anesthesia, were required to stop @entity548 . Mean follow-up time was 19 +/- 2 (range, 7-30) months. RESULTS: @entity548 disappeared in nine @entity1 and was greatly reduced in two. All the @entity1 were free of transfusions during the mean follow-up of 19 months. The mean hemoglobin level was 7.7 +/- 2.8 g/dl at the first session and increased significantly (P = 0.003) to 11.5 +/- 2.6 g/dl after treatment. In two @entity1 , a @entity850 appeared 7 and 11 months after the first session. CONCLUSION: @entity3503 plasma coagulation is a simple, inexpensive and effective treatment for severe @entity1161 with @entity8721 . Follow-up supervision is in progress to evaluate long term benefits and the risk of @entity850 .

title: Effective use of XXXX plasma coagulation in the treatment of severe @entity1161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias', 'diffuse telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions', 'bleeding', 'Rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['refractory radiation proctitis', 'radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic radiation proctitis', 'chronic radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['rectal stenosis']

answer: @entity3503 :: (MESH:D001128,Chemical) :: ['argon']


abstract: A morphologic study of 466 cardiac mural thrombi, 66 examples of @entity715 , 25 @entity3291 , and 12 @entity5720 was performed. It appeared that three different sequences of organization of endocardial thrombi are possible. (1) Ordinary mural thrombi are converted into a flat, @entity82 by fibroblast proliferation and collagen and elastic fiber deposition. (2) @entity5720 develop from non bacterial @entity715 as additional @entity715 material is acquired in some foci and lost in others. No ingrowth of granulation tissue occurs at the base of these lesions. The @entity715 material of the papillae is gradually replaced by fibrous tissue, and the lesion eventually is identical to a large Lambl's excrescence. (3) @entity3291 enlarge in part as do the @entity5720 . In addition, their size increases as a result of influx into the @entity3291 of fluid from the basal granulation tissue. Although @entity3291 cannot be differentiated from ordinary mural thrombi on the basis of the cellular and ground substance components, their mode of development results in a distinctive appearance. The mature lesion is composed of three zones: a basal layer of small vascular channels, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, and ground substance; a middle, acellular zone of ground substance; and a cortical layer of mesenchymal cells. The peculiar arrangement of endothelial cells and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, the examples of apparent @entity3 , and the cases of embolic " @entity3 " provide no conclusive evidence of @entity5 , since these features may also be seen with ordinary mural thrombi.

title: The development of cardiac myxomas and XXXX from mural @entity715 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous scar']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary endocardial lesions', 'papillary endocardial lesions']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomas', 'myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'atrial wall invasion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic endocarditis', 'nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis']

answer: @entity5720 :: (MESH:D007681,Disease) :: ['papillary endocardial lesions']


abstract: A method of quantitatively imaging 131I distributions in @entity1313 from intratumoral administration of activity was developed and investigated using pinhole SPECT of @entity1313 phantoms. METHODS: Pinhole SPECT sensitivity and resolution were characterized using 131I point-source acquisitions with high-resolution lead (1.4-mm diameter aperture) and @entity5335 (1.0-mm diameter aperture) pinhole inserts. SPECT scans were obtained from @entity1313 phantoms in a water-filled cylinder. The @entity5 phantoms consisted of spheres filled with an 131I solution to model intratumoral administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. Two spheres were 20.5 and 97 ml, and two other concentric spheres modeled a @entity5 with a high-activity shell (71.5 ml) and a low-activity core (21 ml). The collimator focal length was 16 cm and the distance from the pinhole to the center of rotation was 13 cm. The filtered backprojection reconstruction algorithm incorporated scatter and attenuation compensation. SPECT @entity5 activities and concentrations were estimated using scaling factors from reference point-source scans. RESULTS: System sensitivities for point sources at the center of rotation were 28.4 cts/ @entity8639 ) MBq(-1) (lead insert) and 13.6 cts/ @entity8639 ) MBq(-1) ( @entity5335 insert). SPECT resolutions (FWHM) at the center of rotation were 8.1-11.9 mm (lead) and 6.7-10.3 mm ( @entity5335 ). Total @entity5 activity estimates from SPECT were within 17% of the true activities. SPECT activity concentration estimates in small regions of interest (ROIs) averaged -20% for the 20.5-ml sphere, -11% for the 97-ml sphere, -39% for the shell and +20% for the core of the shell-core phantom. Activity spillover due to limited spatial resolution and the tails of the system response functions biased the estimates. The shell-to-core activity concentration ratio of 4.1 was better estimated with the @entity5335 insert (2.3) than with the lead insert (1.9) due to better resolution. CONCLUSION: Pinhole SPECT is a promising technique for imaging and quantifying total 131I activity in regions the size of @entity1313 . Relative errors were greater for activity concentration estimates in small ROIs than for total activity estimates.

title: Quantitative imaging of iodine-131 distributions in XXXX with pinhole SPECT: a phantom study.

entities_list: @entity5335 :: ('MESH:D014414', 'Chemical') :: ['tungsten']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: Behavioral studies have demonstrated that chronic food restriction augments the rewarding and motor-activating effects of centrally injected psychostimulants and direct @entity935 (DA) receptor agonists. Recently, it has been shown that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of the D-1 DA receptor agonist, @entity11639 , produces an enhanced locomotor-activating effect as well as increased activation of striatal ERK 1/2 MAP kinase, CaM kinase II, @entity14889 , and @entity5019 in food-restricted (FR) relative to ad libitum fed (AL) @entity35 . Striatal neurons that express the D-1 DA receptor coexpress dynorphin and substance P, and @entity14889 is known to couple D-1 DA receptor stimulation to @entity20543 (ppD) gene expression. The purpose of the present study was to examine possible genomic consequences of FR using real-time quantitative RT-PCR to measure striatal @entity11095 gene expression 3 h after i.c.v. injection of @entity11639 (20 microg). Results indicate that, in nucleus accumbens (NAc), basal levels of ppD and preprotachykinin ( @entity12892 ) mRNA are lower in FR than AL @entity35 . This may reflect a decrease in tonic DA transmission during FR which precedes the compensatory upregulation of postsynaptic D-1 DA receptor-mediated cell signaling. In response to @entity11639 challenge, however, FR subjects displayed greater levels of ppD and @entity12892 mRNA in NAc than did AL subjects. A similar trend was seen in caudate-putamen (CPu). @entity11639 also increased @entity18812 (ppE) mRNA in Nac, but not CPu, with no difference between feeding groups. The present findings regarding ppD and @entity12892 are consistent with prior findings of increased behavioral and cellular responses to acute D-1 DA agonist challenge in FR @entity35 . The functional consequences of increased @entity11095 gene expression in response to acute drug challenge remain to be investigated but may include modulation of behavioral effects that emerge with repeated drug exposure, including sensitization, tolerance, and addiction.

title: Comparison of basal and D-1 @entity935 receptor agonist-stimulated XXXX gene expression in caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of ad libitum fed and food-restricted @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity18812 :: ('MESH:C033660', 'Chemical') :: ['preproenkephalin']

answer: @entity11095 :: (379044(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['neuropeptide']


abstract: The @entity2491 pepT gene is induced nearly 30-fold in response to anaerobiosis. Anaerobic expression is dependent on the transcriptional regulator encoded by fnr (previously oxrA). Primer extension analysis and site-directed mutagenesis experiments show that pepT is transcribed from two sigma 70 promoters. One promoter (P1) is FNR dependent and anaerobically induced, while the other (P2) appears to be constitutive. The potABCD operon is divergently transcribed from a promoter near pepT P2. Sequence analysis of pepT promoter mutations which either elevate anaerobic expression or confer constitutive expression revealed that these mutations affect the -10 region of the P1 or P2 promoter, respectively. The pepT200 mutation, which changes the -10 region of the FNR-dependent P1 promoter to the consensus, has the surprising effect of allowing five- to sevenfold anaerobic induction in the absence of FNR. We have shown that the anaerobic induction of pepT-lacZ in a pepT200 fnr strain is dependent on wild-type alleles of both crp and cya. In a pepT200 pepT-lacZ strain, beta-galactosidase activity was elevated aerobically in the presence of exogenous @entity1919 ( @entity268 ) and was elevated also in succinate minimal medium relative to its level in @entity413 minimal medium. Primer extension analysis confirmed that P1 is the @entity268 receptor protein (CRP)-dependent promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicated that a hybrid CRP-FNR binding site positioned at -41 of the P1 promoter is utilized by both FNR and CRP. CRP- @entity268 also appeared to repress FNR-dependent transcription of pepT under anaerobic conditions in both the pepT+ and pepT200 backgrounds. Although both CRP and FNR are capable of binding the hybrid site and activating transcription of pepT, CRP requires the consensus -10 sequence for efficient activation.

title: Regulation of the @entity2491 pepT gene by XXXX receptor protein (CRP) and FNR acting at a hybrid CRP-FNR site.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) presenting with hyperleukocytosis is generally of poor prognosis due to an @entity204 rate and a lower response to initial chemotherapy. Between April 1985 and December 1995, all @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 admitted to our institution with an initial white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 100 x 10(9)/l were scheduled to undergo leukapheresis. This represented 53 @entity1 (median age 59 years, range 16-78 years) who underwent from 1 to 4 sets of leukapheresis (median 1). The median initial WBC count was 160 x 10(9)/l (range 100-480 x 10(9)/l). Morphologic subtypes, according to the French-American-British classification, showed 3 M0, 16 M1, 6 M2, 10 M4, 16 M5, and 2 unclassified cases of @entity3052 . In 21 @entity1 (40%), leukapheresis did not reduce their WBC counts significantly, while 32 @entity1 (60%) achieved a WBC count of less than 100 x 10(9)/l (median 71 x 10(9)/l) after leukapheresis. Analysis of cell cycle was performed on bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood leukemic cells before and after leukapheresis in three cases. In two of those cases, a recruitment of BM leukemic cells in the S phase was observed after leukapheresis. The median WBC count at the time of starting chemotherapy was 85 x 10(9)/l (range 23-264 x 10(9)/l). Complete remission was achieved in 55% (95% confidence interval 40-68%). Early @entity204 occurred in two cases. Median disease-free survival was 10 months, while median overall survival was 8 months. In this study, early @entity204 rate is lower than data previously published in the literature and almost all @entity1 could receive chemotherapy. This might suggest a benefit of initial leukapheresis in the treatment of @entity3052 presenting with hyperleukocytosis.

title: Impact of pre-induction therapy leukapheresis on treatment outcome in adult XXXX presenting with hyperleukocytosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['increased early death', 'death']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: A marked increase in @entity2661 and endorphins at birth has been described in animals and @entity1 . Because the factors which regulate @entity2922 secretion are incompletely understood and because it has been suggested that endogenous opiates are important in the regulation of @entity2922 secretion, we designed studies to compare changes in plasma @entity2661 at birth with simultaneously measured endorphins. @entity2661 and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-ELI) were measured at birth in term (145 days) and preterm (130 days) @entity742 . Preterm @entity742 were given natural @entity742 surfactant intratracheally to prevent @entity177 . Following umbilical cord cutting, there was a marked increase in circulating @entity1063 (NE) and @entity1425 (E) levels. The peak preterm NE (2.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml at 1 h) was greater than the peak term NE (1.0 +/- 0.2 ng/ml at 5 min). The peak preterm E occurred later and also was greater than the peak term E (4.0 +/- 0.5 ng/ml at 1 h vs. 1.3 +/- 0.4 ng/ml at 15 min, respectively, p less than 0.01). Baseline beta-ELI in term animals (767 +/- 15 pg/ml) was greater than preterm (456 +/- 12 pg/ml). Following cord cutting peak beta-ELI in term animals rose to 867 +/- 201 pg/ml compared to a peak beta-ELI in preterm animals of 1,866 +/- 450 pg/ml. These results and their significance for neonatal adaptation to extrauterine life are discussed.

title: @entity2922 and endorphin responses to delivery in term and preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['respiration failure']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['lambs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the presence of @entity1476 (gelatinase A), @entity1495 (gelatinase B), and their natural inhibitors in both cultured amniochorionic membrane and membrane obtained from @entity1 with @entity3152 . STUDY DESIGN: Amniochorionic membranes were collected from @entity1 with @entity281 and from @entity1 not in labor undergoing elective repeat cesarean section with no signs of @entity281 . Normal membranes were cultured and exposed to endotoxin and peptidoglycan polysaccharide. Messenger @entity10731 expression for gelatinase A, gelatinase B, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase types 1 and 2 was studied with use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and localization of messenger @entity10731 was accomplished with use of in situ hybridization. Release of gelatinases from the membranes was studied with gelatin zymography. Tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase peptides were localized with use of immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase types 2 and 9 was seen in amniochorionic membranes in culture. @entity1476 was seen in membranes from nonlaboring @entity1 and in @entity1 with @entity281 , whereas @entity1495 was seen only in membranes from @entity1 with @entity281 . The @entity1495 expression could also be induced by lipopolysaccharide or peptidoglycan polysaccharide stimulation in culture. In situ hybridization localized messenger @entity10731 for these matrix metalloproteinases to both amnion and chorion. Zymogram studies showed the activity of @entity1476 in normal resting membrane and cultured membrane. @entity1495 was induced by culture conditions. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of @entity1476 messenger @entity10731 was seen in normal, infected, and cultured membranes. In situ hybridization data indicated that these messages were mainly produced by chorion, but they were also seen in amnion. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of @entity1476 peptides in both amnion and chorion and in cells of the reticular layer of the matrix. CONCLUSION: Normal amniochorionic membrane is a source of @entity1476 and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases. Culture conditions and infection induce @entity1495 expression and release from amniochorion. These findings suggest that these collagenolytic enzymes may play a role in premature rupture of the membranes in infection, which can lead to @entity3152 .

title: Collagenolytic enzymes (gelatinases) and their inhibitors in XXXX amniochorionic membrane.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor', 'infection-associated preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intraamniotic infection', 'infection or other complications of pregnancy', 'documented intraamniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9', 'Matrix metalloproteinase-9']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']