abstract: The recognition of the dichotomy of the immune system was a first step in differentiating between a humoral and cellular immune response. This distinction was to be of fundamental importance in the subsequent demonstration of distinct compartments in the lymphatic cell system. Animal studies and investigations on @entity1 with @entity1200 soon made it possible to differentiate between functionally different cell compartments in lymphatic tissue even on morphological grounds. This formed the basis for the subdivision of lymphatic tissue into B- and T-cell areas. A multiplicity of morphologically highly varied @entity5 confronted this clear division. In principle, there are two possible explanations for the morphological and immunological heterogeneity of @entity5 : 1. The variety of @entity5 is an expression of a dedifferentiation of cells in which neither the morphological picture nor the immunological properties of the stem cells are expressed. 2. @entity5 represent stages of "arrested" differentiation in the normal cell development. The present study attempts to demonstrate the distribution and development of normal T lymphocytes by analysis of their morphology and antigen constellation. The knowledge thus gained should then make it possible to define the @entity5 of the T-cell system. Thirty-six monoclonal antibodies were employed in addition to standard enzyme-histochemical methods for demonstration of cell antigens; some of the monoclonal antibodies were developed especially for this purpose. The study included normal tissue and samples from 148 @entity706 and @entity1778 of the T-cell system. Subdivision of the various entities was based on morphology, which enabled us to make a direct distinction between the morphologically defined entity and its corresponding phenotype. These phenotypic analyses of @entity784 were conducted in pursuit of 3 basic goals: 1. To catch @entity784 in the full variety of their phenotypical spectrum by using assorted T-cell properties. 2. To bring these varied entities into a sequence corresponding to normal cell differentiation by correlating the @entity5 to normal cell compartments. 3. To determine the extent to which neoplastic equivalents exist for normal T cells with varied phenotypes and/or functional properties. A clear morphological subdivision of the @entity784 is already possible: 1. @entity981 and @entity1778 ; 2. peripheral or mature cell @entity784 . The @entity981 and @entity1778 have until now been characterized primarily according to their positivity for the enzyme @entity10730 . The @entity981 and @entity1778 we analysed phenotypically shared the constant features of CD7 antigen expression, whereas other T-cell features showed a clear variability.

title: [Phenotypic analysis of @entity1 XXXX with reference to cell differentiation and morphological classification].

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphomas', 'T-lymphoblastic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'lymphatic neoplasias', 'Lymphatic neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'malignant T-cell lymphomas', 'T-cell neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['congenital immune defects']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: We asked whether a @entity717 could be elicited by deprivation of @entity21410 (PA; @entity21410 ), the substrate for the enzyme @entity50333 ( @entity50333 ), which is @entity16 @entity7929 (pantothenate kinase-associated @entity179 formerly called @entity7929 ). This study was undertaken because @entity19 made null for @entity50333 failed to show the neurological manifestations of the @entity1 disease. Wild-type and @entity50333 mutant @entity19 were fed @entity21410 -deficient diets and were monitored for general health, fertility and movement compared with animals on control diets over time. @entity19 of both genotypes on PA-deficient diets exhibited poor grooming, greying of fur and decreased body weight. With PA deprivation, wild-type @entity19 manifested @entity3893 (a phenotype also seen in @entity50333 @entity19 ) as well as a @entity717 with a low-lying pelvis and slow steps. Rear limbs appeared to drag and occasionally extended into unnatural postures for 16-17 s duration, possibly indicative of @entity3519 . @entity717 probably also occurs in PA-deprived @entity50333 mutant @entity19 , but they died precipitously before undergoing detailed analysis. Remarkably, restoration of dietary PA led to recovery of general health and grooming, @entity1017 , reversal of the @entity717 , and reappearance of mature sperm within 4 weeks. This study confirms the primacy of PA metabolism in the mechanism of disease in @entity7929 . PA deprivation provides a useful phenocopy for @entity7929 and allows us to test pharmacological and other interventional strategies in the treatment of this devastating disease.

title: Deprivation of @entity21410 elicits a XXXX and @entity3893 in a @entity19 model of pantothenate kinase-associated @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in the inherited neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity7929 :: ('MESH:D006211', 'Disease') :: ['PKAN', 'Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder', 'Movement disruption']

entities_list: @entity21410 :: ('MESH:D010205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin B5', 'pantothenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorder']


abstract: What is the cause of @entity726 in @entity3932 ? Looking for the answer to this puzzling question, we examined 21 @entity1 with the disease. Sixteen @entity1 had gglaucoma: three bilateral and 13 unilateral. @entity3170 were visible in all @entity735 . In general, the more extensive the @entity2695 , the more severe was the @entity726 . During gonioscopy, blood could easily be made to reflux into Schlemm's canal of @entity735 . Often the canal separated into multiple fine channels. Episcleral venous pressure, which we measured in 11 @entity1 , was high in all @entity735 . These observations suggest that @entity726 in @entity3932 is caused by elevated @entity34370 . Most likely, veins draining aqueous from the canal of Schlemm are part of an @entity3170 . The canal of Schlemm itself may be part of the @entity2695 . Arteriovenous shunts in the @entity2695 raise @entity34370 , which in turn elevates intraocular pressure.

title: The pathogenesis of XXXX in @entity3932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity34370 :: ('MESH:C564235', 'Disease') :: ['episcleral venous pressure']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['intrascleral or episcleral hemangioma', 'Episcleral hemangiomas']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conjunctival nevi are the most common @entity5 of this location. They are usually unilateral, although bilateral cases may also be met. As to clinical presentation, all nevi are divided into: stationary or progressive @entity4482 , and primary acquired @entity1709 . Color changes are acceptable, if they occur during pregnancy or puberty. However, if postpubertal, such changes should be considered alarming, as to possible malignization. Histopathologically, nevi are composed of melanocyte clusters in the skin stroma next to the basal layer of the epidermis. AIM: To analyze the significance of timely removal of conjunctival nevi for @entity320 prevention. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 52 @entity1 were examined during 2009-2013. Of them, 48 @entity1 had nevi of the conjunctiva and/or lacrimal caruncle, 1 @entity1 was diagnosed with caruncular @entity320 and 3 other - with @entity320 . RESULTS: @entity1 with stationary nevi are still being followed up. Of those who were surgically treated, none developed recurrence. Taking into account high metastatic activity of @entity320 and that discovering metastases does not always happen together with diagnosing the @entity75 (often, years after treatment), the follow-up of @entity320 @entity1 must be lifelong. CONCLUSION: Timely removal of progressive conjunctival nevi is able to prevent @entity5 , of which the outcome may be very unfavorable.

title: [Nevi of conjunctiva as a risk factor of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['nevi, blue nevi']

entities_list: @entity1709 :: ('MESH:D008548', 'Disease') :: ['melanosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'conjunctival melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: A male @entity291 with @entity34926 inferior was investigated clinically, hemodynamically, and morphologically from the 3rd day of age until slaughter at the age of 22 months. Arterial @entity101 (mean AOP 140 mm Hg), concentric @entity1283 and good ventricular contractility with normal valve function were found. Normal clinical condition at rest (cardiac output 48 l/min in the 600 kg bullock), but cyanosis and @entity1353 during physical exercise were observed. Variations in the large vessels, such as persistence of the right cranial caval vein and one common pulmonary vein emptying into the left atrium, were found. Abrupt caliber differences of large arterial vessels together with a right angled aortic arch were observed, presumably contributing to increased afterload. The cytogenetic analysis showed the presence of a small marker chromosome leading to a chromosome number of 61 in a fraction of metaphases (mosaicism). Moreover, chromosome breakages were observed in many cells. From the 5 @entity291 which were inseminated, 3 became pregnant. @entity34926 was not observed in any offspring. We conclude that in this animal compensated @entity299 with peripheral @entity101 was established.

title: Cardiac function, morphology and chromosomal aberrations in a @entity291 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity34926 :: ('MESH:D054083', 'Disease') :: ['Ectopia cordis', 'ectopia cordis cervicalis']

answer: @entity34926 :: (MESH:D054083,Disease) :: ['ectopia cordis cervicalis']


abstract: Purpose. Aortic stent-graft @entity281 with @entity292 formation is a rare complication with high mortality rate when treated surgically by stent-graft removal. We report a case of a @entity1 with aortic stent-graft @entity281 , prosthetic-duodenal, and prosthetic-cutaneous fistulas operated without the removal of an infected prosthesis and ineffectively tailored antibiotic therapy. Case Report. A 66-year-old @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk and endovascular stent-graft implantation developed a symptomatic @entity281 of the aortic stent graft 42 months after procedure. It was manifested by iliolumbar muscle abscess and two fistulas: prosthetic cutaneous and prosthetic duodenal. The prosthetic-duodenal @entity292 was excised and separated from the prosthesis. The perforation within the duodenum was closed in layers. Iliolumbar abscess was removed and drainage was effected .The stent graft was left. The @entity1 received tailored antibiotic therapy. He was readmitted to hospital after 4 weeks with symptoms of @entity281 and leakage of pus discharge in the lumbar area. Despite the antibiotic therapy, the total parenteral nutrition of the @entity1 's clinical status and @entity3147 deteriorated and he died of @entity1167 . Conclusion. The presented case confirms that leaving off of the infected stent graft in the @entity1 with severe comorbidity and treated with a tailored antibiotic therapy may not be effective.

title: Purulent cutaneous XXXX : as the first symptom of the late aortic stent-graft @entity281 -a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: Although the @entity750 ( @entity750 , @entity750 ) neurotransmitter system has been implicated in modulating executive control processes such as attention, response inhibition, and behavioral flexibility, the contributions of particular @entity750 receptors remain unclear. Here, using operant-based behavioral paradigms, we demonstrate that @entity19 with genetically ablated @entity36768 receptors (2CKO @entity19 ) @entity51 in executive functions. 2CKO @entity19 were impaired in the acquisition of a visuospatial attention task as assessed in the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). In this task, 2CKO @entity19 exhibited marked impairment of attentional processes, with normal response inhibition. We assessed dynamic changes in neurotransmitter levels within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) by in vivo microdialysis in task-performing animals. Extracellular @entity935 concentrations were elevated in the NAc of 2CKO @entity19 during task performance, indicating that @entity36768 receptors impact @entity935 homeostasis during a visuospatial attention task. These findings raise the possibility that disinhibition of mesolimbic @entity935 pathways contributes to impaired attention and perturbed task performance in 2CKO @entity19 . Additionally, in a spatial reversal learning task, 2CKO @entity19 failed to improve their performance over a series of reversals, indicating that intact @entity36768 signaling is required to accurately respond to repeated changes in reward contingencies. In contrast to the 2CKO phenotype in the 5-CSRTT, wild-type @entity19 treated with the @entity36768 antagonist @entity21483 exhibited diminished response inhibition, suggesting differing effects of acute pharmacological blockade and constitutive loss of @entity36768 activity. Altogether, these findings provide insights into the serotonergic regulation of executive control processes and suggest that impaired @entity36768 signaling during development may predispose to @entity2383 .

title: Impact of @entity750 ( XXXX )2C receptors on executive control processes.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['display deficits']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['executive function disorders']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the magnitude and predictors of @entity1 -reported @entity1295 among @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 receiving breast @entity1161 completed a survey querying @entity1295 at each weekly on-treatment visit. @entity1 -reported @entity1295 severity and interference was assessed on an ordinal scale of 0 to 4, using a validated scoring system. Baseline @entity148 and @entity308 scores were also obtained. The kinetics of mean @entity1295 scores per week and the maximum @entity1295 scores over the course of the entire treatment were assessed, and clinical predictors were identified by univariate and multivariate regression. RESULTS: The average @entity1295 severity and interference scores were 0.6 and 0.46. The average @entity1295 scores increased to an equivalent extent from week to week, with expected increases of 0.99 in @entity1295 severity and 0.85 in interference over 7  weeks. @entity1 treated with @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) versus @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) had significantly fewer maximum @entity1295 severity or interference scores that were >2 (ie, severe or very severe; 29% vs 10% for severity, and 26% vs 8% for interference, P<.01). Age  <=45  years, presence of @entity146 /pain-related comorbidities, and baseline sadness and @entity148 severity were predictive of average and maximum @entity1295 scores (P<.05), but variables related to treatment intensity (eg, mastectomy vs lumpectomy, chemotherapy use, radiation target volumes) and other host factors (working, @entity1 , marital status, proximity to @entity1161 facility) were not. CONCLUSION: @entity1 -reported @entity1295 modestly increases over @entity1161 courses, with less maximum @entity1295 reported with @entity1161 . Younger age and baseline sadness, @entity148 , and @entity146 /pain-related comorbidities are powerful predictors of @entity1295 , whereas other factors, such as treatment intensity, are not. Future studies will investigate interventions for @entity1 at high risk for @entity1295 .

title: Clinical Indicators of Psychosocial Distress Predict for Acute Radiation-Induced Fatigue in XXXX Receiving Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for @entity0 : An Analysis of @entity1 -Reported Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT', 'hypofractionated RT', 'HF-RT', 'CF-RT', 'conventionally fractionated RT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Neurologic events following noncarotid vascular surgery (NCVS) are considered unpredictable. To test this hypothesis, we reviewed our vascular registry for a 3-year period and identified all @entity1 with new postoperative focal neurologic events ( @entity64 , hemispheric transient @entity63 attack [TIA]) within 2 weeks of a category I or II vascular procedure as defined by the American Board of Surgery, exclusive of carotid surgery and arterial @entity130 . Thirteen of 1,390 NCVS procedures (0.9%) in 13 @entity1 were associated with focal neurologic events. There were 2 TIAs, 10 anterior circulation @entity64 , and 1 posterior circulation @entity64 . Twenty-seven percent of @entity64 were fatal. The @entity51 developed in the immediate postoperative period in 31%, more than 4 hours but less than 72 hours postoperatively in 54%, and within 3 to 14 days postoperatively in 15%. @entity1 with anterior circulation events (group A, n = 12) were compared for variables potentially influencing @entity64 with case controls who were selected using a table of random numbers (group B, n = 12). Controls were derived from a pool of all category I or II NCVS procedures recorded in our vascular registry sequentially during the same time period and who were without new @entity51 postoperatively. Using Fisher's exact test, comparisons between groups A and B revealed that new anterior circulation neurologic events in vascular surgical @entity1 tended to be associated with intra-abdominal procedures (p less than 0.05), perioperative @entity551 (p less than 0.05), and the presence of a greater than or equal to 50% internal carotid @entity2791 ipsilateral to the neurologic event (p less than 0.001). Such information may prove useful in the management of selected @entity1 prior to arterial reconstruction and in operated NCVS @entity1 with postoperative neurologic events.

title: XXXX following noncarotid vascular surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['Neurologic deficits']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that @entity602 ( @entity602 ) of upper lumbar segments decreases visceromotor responses to mechanical stimuli in a sensitized @entity35 colon and reduces symptoms of @entity1744 in @entity1 . @entity602 applied to the upper cervical spinal dorsal column reduces @entity1118 . Further, chemical stimulation of C1-C2 propriospinal neurons in @entity35 modulates the responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to @entity14 . The present study was designed to compare the effects of upper cervical and lumbar @entity602 on activity of lumbosacral neurons receiving noxious colorectal input. Extracellular potentials of L6-S2 spinal neurons were recorded in pentobarbital anesthetized, paralyzed and ventilated male @entity35 . @entity602 (50 Hz, 0.2 ms) at low intensity (90% of motor threshold) was applied to the dorsal column of upper cervical (C1-C2) or upper lumbar (L2-L3) ipsilateral spinal segments. @entity14 ( @entity14 , 20 mmHg, 40 mmHg, 60 mmHg, 20s) was produced by air inflation of a latex balloon. Results showed that @entity602 applied to L2-L3 and C1-C2 segments significantly reduced the excitatory responses to noxious @entity14 from 417.6+/-68.0 to 296.3+/-53.6 imp (P<0.05, n=24) and from 336.2+/-64.5 to 225.0+/-73.3 imp (P<0.05, n=18), respectively. Effects of L2-L3 and C1-C2 @entity602 lasted 10.2+/-1.9 and 8.0+/-0.9 min after offset of @entity14 . Effects of @entity602 were observed on spinal neurons with either high or low-threshold excitatory responses to @entity14 . However, L2-L3 or C1-C2 @entity602 did not significantly affect inhibitory neuronal responses to @entity14 . C1-C2 @entity602 -induced effects were abolished by cutting the C7-C8 dorsal column but not by spinal transection at cervicomedullary junction. These data demonstrated that upper cervical or lumbar @entity602 modulated responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to noxious mechanical stimulation of the colon, thereby, proved two loci for a potential therapeutic effect of @entity602 in @entity1 with @entity1744 and other @entity1049 .

title: Spinal cord stimulation modulates intraspinal colorectal visceroreceptive transmission in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['pain of chronic refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal distension', 'CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic disorders']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2112 is the lateral curvature of the spinal column greater than 10   with no established etiology. In skeletally immature pediatric @entity1 , risk of progression is associated with the severity of curvature. It has been estimated that this risk is nearly 90% for @entity1 with curvatures exceeding 50  , and this is typically the severity at which surgical management is indicated. Current surgical techniques rely heavily on posterior instrumentation with pedicle screw systems. Cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws are increasingly used in the adult lumbar spine. CBT screws utilize a significantly different medial-to-lateral, inferior-to-superior trajectory compared with traditional pedicle screws. They require less tissue dissection and shorter length screws. Additionally, biomechanical studies have demonstrated greater pullout strength of CBT screws in comparison with traditional pedicle screws owing to greater purchase of cortical bone. These features make them attractive for use in pediatric lumbar spine; however, there are few clinical or radiographic studies regarding CBT screw fixation in @entity1 . The authors examined the lumbar spine in pediatric @entity1 to define morphometric differences compared with adults, establish guidelines for @entity79 in @entity2112 , and define potential limitations of this technique in the pediatric age group. METHODS: Measurements of the trajectory diameter, length, lateral angle to the vertebral sagittal plane, and cephalad angle to the vertebral horizontal plane were obtained from 3-dimensional reconstructions of abdominal and pelvic CT scans of 30 pediatric @entity1 . RESULTS: For most levels and measurements, results in @entity1 and @entity1 did not differ significantly; the few values that were significantly different are not likely to be clinically significant. However, younger (<12 years of age) and older @entity1 (>12 years of age) differed significantly in screw acceptance size at multiple levels. A screw acceptance analysis found that all @entity1 >4 years of age could accept at least a 4 * 20 mm CBT screw. CONCLUSION: Cortical bone trajectory screws appear to be a useful proposed fixation strategy in JIS and @entity1984 . This may offer an alternative to pedicle screw instrumentation for the surgical management of @entity2112 .

title: 128   Application of Cortical Bone Trajectory Instrumentation for Juvenile and Adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic scoliosis', 'idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['CBT instrumentation']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Scoliosis']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 19-year-old female student who purchased a puppy from a pet shop four weeks earlier. At the time of her first examination, an annular @entity4 with adherent scales and vesicles surrounding its margin was seen on the left forearm. On direct examination of the vesicles, fungal elements were detected, and @entity14476 was isolated. The puppy was a Pomeranian and was kept in the house at all times. No clinical lesions were seen on the puppy, and the Wood's lamp test was negative. However, @entity14476 was isolated from the animal by the hairbrush method. Symptoms disappeared after the @entity1 was treated topically with @entity8974 cream for three weeks. Although the @entity235 received no treatment whatsoever, there was no evidence of the disease on the pet. Results of the hairbrush method performed on the pet two and three weeks later were negative, but, at five weeks, it was again positive. @entity1 infection with @entity14476 from an asymptomatic @entity235 was demonstrated in this case. Attention should be paid to preventing @entity281 from animals without lesions.

title: Tinea corporis due to @entity14476 from an asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous erythema']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Microsporum canis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: We report a 50-year-old @entity1 with a right ventricular structure causing an intraventricular pressure gradient. He had been diagnosed as vasculo-Beh  et with a history of @entity7809 and @entity2268 . He had also been suffering from @entity956 and mild right-side @entity712 . Echocardiography showed that there was an abnormal structure attached to the right ventricular free wall and protruding into the cavity, and that it caused the pressure gradient estimated to be approximately 19 mmHg. Chest X-ray computed tomography demonstrated that the structure was partially calcified. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted the structure separating the right ventricle into two chambers. Angiographic study revealed a markedly enlarged right atrium and a filling defect at the mid-portion of the right ventricle, which divided the right ventricular cavity into two parts. Hemodynamic study showed a slightly elevated right atrial pressure (mean 7 mmHg) and a peak-to-peak intraventricular pressure difference of 18 mmHg in the right ventricle. The diastolic pressure tracing of the right ventricular low pressure chamber showed a 'dip and plateau' pattern. Although the pathological features of the abnormal right ventricular structure in this case were not fully clarified, abnormal muscle bundle and/or @entity82 , which were reported to be associated with Beh  et's disease, may have contributed to its generation.

title: An adult case with an abnormal right ventricular structure causing intraventricular pressure gradient and a history of XXXX and @entity2268 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7809 :: ('MESH:D013281', 'Disease') :: ['aphthous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

answer: @entity7809 :: (MESH:D013281,Disease) :: ['aphthous stomatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are known to have host-immune dampening effects in many @entity5 and to be associated with increased @entity5 recurrence. Pharmacologic therapies have been developed to target these cells and hence strengthen the host's immune system. The @entity403 gene is a marker of Tregs and can be visualized with immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the presence and pattern of Tregs in non-small-cell @entity2 to determine possible therapeutic targets in @entity2 . METHODS: We selected archival samples of primary @entity2 and benign inflamed lung from 32 surgical resections. We created a tissue array containing duplicate cores from the N1 and N2 nodal stations from 16 of the cases along with paired benign lung and @entity5 . We used whole-slide analysis for the other 16 cases. We used @entity403 IHC to visualize Tregs in all lymphoid tissue present and to assess the quantity and pattern within the tissues. RESULTS: All lymphoid tissue contains Tregs, but @entity420 had significantly higher levels than both inflammatory lung controls and @entity957 (p   <=  0.008). Benign N1 lymph nodes (from @entity1 with @entity2 ) showed higher numbers of Tregs for @entity957 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings reveal that Tregs are present in all lung tissues examined, but with significant enrichment in @entity420 . This may lead to a more permissive microenvironment for @entity420 and may explain aggressive patterns of @entity5 spread for this histology. @entity2 @entity1 with @entity420 histology may benefit most from Treg-targeted therapy.

title: @entity420 more immune tolerance regulatory t-cell lymphocytes (versus XXXX ) in non-small-cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma versus squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung tumors', 'lung cancer', 'lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess whether nuclear DNA content added prognostic value to existing risk factors in @entity1 with @entity3557 . METHODS: Nuclear DNA content was measured both on the fine needle aspiration material and the surgical specimen in 73 @entity1 with primary or recurrent @entity3557 . We modified the existing age of @entity1 , presence of distant @entity3 , extent and size of the @entity5 (AMES) risk-group classification to include DNA ploidy with AMES (DAMES). @entity1 with @entity5 that were AMES low risk were considered to be DAMES low risk; @entity1 with @entity5 that were AMES high risk became intermediate risk, and @entity1 with @entity5 that were AMES high risk became DAMES high risk. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity1 were in the DAMES low-risk group. Recurrences and/or distant @entity3 developed in only four (8%) of these @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 were in the DAMES intermediate-risk group. Twelve (55%) of the intermediate-risk group had residual, recurrent, or distant metastatic disease, with one death from @entity5 at 120 months. Three @entity1 were in the DAMES high-risk group. Distant @entity3 developed in all three @entity1 , who died within 24 months from @entity259 . A statistically significant difference existed in the development of recurrence/ @entity3 or death from @entity5 in the DAMES high-risk group compared with the other risk groups combined. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear DNA content adds prognostic value to the existing AMES risk-group classification. Because DNA analysis on fine needle aspiration correlated well with the surgical specimen DNA analysis, this modified classification can be used perioperatively to further individualize the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3557 .

title: Addition of nuclear DNA content to the AMES risk-group classification for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'euploid tumors', 'cancer', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: Retrospective studies of treatment of tympanostomy tube insertion in infantile @entity2346 prone @entity1 caused by @entity114 -resistant @entity328 were performed. Insertion of the Koken B type tympanostomy tube was performed with local anesthesia. The results were as follows: 1. In 25 @entity2346 prone @entity1 , 19 (76.0%) were not recognized as having @entity2346 media and @entity2972 , but 6 (24.0%) were recognized. 2. Of the 25 @entity1 , 20 had the tympanostomy tube removed. Eighteen were not recognized as having @entity2346 media and @entity2972 during tympanostomy tube insertion, but 2 were recognized. 3. In 18 @entity1 , 2 developed @entity2346 media after tympanostomy tube removal, but the other 16 @entity1 did not. 4. In 2 @entity1 who were recognized as having @entity2346 media and @entity2972 during tympanostomy tube insertion, 1 @entity1 actually had @entity2346 media, whereas the other did not. 5. From this study, tympanostomy tube insertion is a useful method for treating the @entity2346 prone @entity1 caused by @entity114 -resistant @entity328 .

title: [Retrospective studies of @entity114 -resistant pneumococcal acute otitis media in @entity1 and XXXX --the treatment of tympanostomy tube insertion].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of insulin aspart (a new fast-acting @entity1 insulin analog) after subcutaneous administration in the deltoid, abdominal, and thigh sites and to compare this profile with regular @entity1 insulin ( @entity47226 ; Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 20 healthy subjects were studied in a single-center six-period double-blind randomized crossover trial with 6 study days and a washout period of 1 week between each single daily dose of the trial drug. Subjects were randomized to receive a single dose of 0.2 U/kg of insulin aspart or regular insulin on each of the 6 study days in three different sites (the deltoid, the abdomen, and the thigh) during a 10-h euglycemic clamp (two drugs and three injection sites). Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements were derived from blood sample measurements of @entity413 , insulin, and C-peptide during these clamps. RESULTS: The pharmacodynamic data from the euglycemic clamp study showed that, regardless of injection site, the maximal @entity413 infusion rate (GIR Cmax) was greater and occurred at an earlier time (GIR Tmax) after administration of insulin aspart than regular insulin (GIR Cmax: abdomen 813 vs. 708, deltoid 861 vs. 736, and thigh 857 vs. 720 g/min, P < 0.05 for all; GIR Tmax: abdomen 94 vs. 173, deltoid 111 vs. 192, and thigh 145 vs. 193 g/min, P < 0.05 for all). Pharmacokinetic parameters were also consistent with faster absorption and higher peak insulin concentrations after insulin aspart administration. From all sites, the peak insulin concentration (Cmax) was higher and occurred earlier (Tmax) after administration of insulin aspart than of regular insulin (Cmax: abdomen 501 vs. 260, deltoid 506 vs. 252, thigh 422 vs. 220 pmol/l, P < 0.001 for all sites; Tmax: abdomen 52 vs. 109, deltoid 54 vs. 98, and thigh 60 vs. 107 min, P < 0.01 for all sites). The absorption and @entity413 -lowering action of insulin aspart did not differ between sites (similar GIR Cmax, Tmax, and area under the curve parameters). However, the duration of the @entity413 -lowering effect was up to 34 min shorter (P < 0.01) for the abdomen injections than for the deltoid or thigh injections (lower time of 50% @entity413 disposal). In addition, the amount of @entity413 infused was significantly lower by 10-14% in the abdomen than in other sites. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous administration of insulin aspart causes a more rapid and intense maximal effect compared with regular insulin during euglycemic clamp studies in nondiabetic subjects. Abdominal administration of insulin aspart has a shorter duration of @entity413 -lowering effect compared with administration in the deltoid or thigh.

title: Insulin aspart (B28 asp-insulin): a fast-acting analog of @entity1 insulin: absorption kinetics and action profile compared with regular XXXX insulin in healthy nondiabetic subjects.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ideas of reference are considered hallmarks of @entity161 -related psychopathology. However, the specificity of referential thinking to @entity161 -related psychopathology has not been examined empirically. Schizotypy reflects the latent liability for @entity161 and is associated with referential thinking. Referential thinking may occur in other forms of psychopatholoy, such as @entity148 , which is characterized by @entity73 in which the thoughts and judgments of others are viewed as having reference to the self. Our primary aim was to examine the specificity of referential thinking to schizotypy. A sample of 830 college students completed a psychometric screening, of which 102 met criteria for inclusion in one of three groups: schizotypy (n=30), @entity148 (n=28), normal controls (n=44). @entity1 completed the Referential Thinking Scale (REF), and other measures of schizotypy ( @entity20546 Questionnaire, Peters et al Delusion Index, @entity161 Proneness Scale, @entity4270 ), affect, and intellectual functioning. The schizotypy group exhibited higher REF scores than both comparison groups. REF scores were associated with other schizotypy measures and loaded onto a positive schizotypy factor, but not onto a negative schizotypy or negative affect factor. These findings support the specificity of high levels of referential thinking to schizotypy and the construct validity of the REF.

title: The specificity of referential thinking: a comparison of schizotypy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive distortions']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['Social Anhedonia Scale']

entities_list: @entity20546 :: ('MESH:D012569', 'Disease') :: ['Schizotypal Personality']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['social anxiety']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['social anxiety']


abstract: We studied positivity for anti-cardiolipin antibody, intraglomerular capillary thrombi on renal biopsy, and the progression of @entity8 in 51 @entity1 (10 male and 41 female), mean age 37 years (range 17-65 years), with a diagnosis of @entity12319 and clinically evident @entity1310 confirmed by renal biopsy. Serum @entity1011 , serum indicators of disease activity and biopsies were analysed in subgroups according to thrombi and anticardiolipin status. End-points were @entity204 or chronic dialysis requirement and survival. Degree of @entity1463 , crescent formation and necrosed glomeruli were all greater in those specimens positive for thrombi and in those specimens of @entity1 who were serum ACA-positive, suggesting a relationship to disease activity/severity at presentation. The increase in serum anti-DNA antibodies and ANA and the reduction in C3 and C4 were significant in ACA-positive @entity1 , with a strong relationship to disease activity when compared with changes in the ACA-negative @entity1 (p < 0.05 in all cases). There was no significant difference when @entity1 were separated according to the presence or absence of thrombi. Renal function at presentation was worse in @entity1 with intracapillary thrombi and ACA positivity (p = 0.085 and p = 0.042, respectively). All @entity1 progressed, but only those with intracapillary thrombi or anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity had a significant deterioration in renal function. Twenty-one @entity715 episodes occurred in 14 @entity1 , of whom 13 were ACA-positive. Anticardiolipin antibody is a strong predictor of the presence of intraglomerular thrombi in @entity1252 @entity1 with renal involvement. The presence of thrombi and/or anticardiolipin antibodies indicate a worse long-term renal outcome. Anti-cardiolipin antibody positivity is a strong predictor of @entity455 .

title: Association of anticardiolipin antibodies with XXXX in lupus nephritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular thrombotic complications']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['intraglomerular thrombi and renal dysfunction']


abstract: It has been found that changes in @entity404 expression and @entity404 + T cell activity may influence tolerance or tissue destruction in @entity792 and contribute to their risk. We examined whether an association of @entity404 enhancer gene polymorphisms with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) exists. METHODS: For study of the @entity404 @entity49802 polymorphism, 192 @entity1 with @entity309 , 141 @entity1 with @entity1252 , and 96 normal controls participated. For the @entity404 @entity49803 polymorphism, 191 @entity1 with @entity309 , 127 @entity1 with @entity1252 , and 92 controls participated. The polymorphism of the @entity404 enhancer was examined with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of the 3 groups of @entity1 were compared. Genotype groups were also compared according to different clinical variables among the @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity1252 . RESULTS: For the @entity404 @entity49802 polymorphism, @entity1 with @entity309 demonstrated significantly higher frequency of the C allele (p = 0.048); @entity1 with @entity1252 had significantly higher frequency of the CC genotype (p = 0.026), and lower frequency of the AC genotype (p = 0.013) compared with controls. For the @entity404 @entity49803 polymorphism, @entity1 with @entity309 had significantly higher frequencies of the AA genotype (p = 0.047) and the A allele (p = 0.026); @entity1 with @entity1252 had significantly higher frequency of the AA genotype (p = 0.011) and A allele (p = 0.001), and lower frequency of the GG genotype (p = 0.003) compared with controls. A comparison of genotype groups according to different clinical variables revealed the association of the respective polymorphisms with mucosal @entity1066 among @entity1 with @entity1252 . CONCLUSION: . Our results suggest that the genetic polymorphisms at the @entity404 enhancer gene are associated with the risk of development of @entity309 and @entity1252 . They are also associated with mucosal @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity1252 .

title: Association of @entity404 enhancer gene polymorphisms with XXXX and @entity1252 in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine how baseline and change of volumetric MRI relate to @entity73 in older individuals. BACKGROUND: Memory is associated with hippocampal integrity, whereas executive function has been linked to @entity75 . Previous studies have shown that hippocampal and @entity194 are more strongly related to cognition than are measures of subcortical @entity66 ( @entity66 ). The authors hypothesized that @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) decline would be related to change in hippocampal volume (HC), whereas decline in executive function (EXEC) would be related to change of cortical gray matter volume (CGM) and measures of subcortical @entity66 . METHODS: Subjects from a multicenter study (n = 103) included cognitively normal, mildly impaired, and demented cases with and without subcortical lacunes. All had longitudinal cognitive evaluation (mean = 4.8 years) and two or more MRI scans at least one year apart (mean = 3.4 years). MRI measures included HC, CGM, total lacune volume (LAC), and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH). Random effects modeling of longitudinal data assessed effects of MRI baseline and MRI change on baseline and change of psychometrically matched measures of @entity2414 and EXEC. RESULTS: Change in @entity2414 was related to HC baseline and HC change. Change in EXEC was related to baseline CGM and to change in CGM, HC, and LAC. Results were unchanged when demented cases were excluded. WMH was not associated with change in @entity2414 or EXEC independent of HC, CGM, and LAC. CONCLUSION: Hippocampal volume was the primary determinant of @entity2414 decline, whereas executive function (EXEC) decline was related to multiple brain components. Results support a hypothesis that @entity2414 decline is strongly influenced by @entity195 ( @entity195 ), whereas EXEC decline may be complexly determined by @entity66 and @entity195 .

title: Longitudinal volumetric MRI change and rate of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['impaired frontal lobe function']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have found that postmenopausal @entity1 have increased plasma @entity1255 levels while others do not. The aim of this study was to know if @entity1255 levels are increased in Spanish postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In 100 postmenopausal @entity1 (age: mean [SD] 56 [6] years) @entity1255 , @entity1011 , @entity1501 , @entity2186 and lipoproteins were determined. Controls were 50 premenopausal @entity1 (age: 29 [6] years), 50 @entity1 with similar age to postmenopausal @entity1 , and 50 @entity1 with similar age to premenopausal @entity1 . All the subjects of the study were healthy. RESULTS: @entity1255 concentrations were higher in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal @entity1 (8.6 [2.1]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.2-9.1 vs 7.7 [1.6]; 95% CI, 7.2-8.1 micromol/l; p < 0.05), but were not different between both @entity1 groups. @entity3562 was found in 9 postmenopausal but in any premenopausal @entity1 (9% vs 0%; p = 0.03). Low density lipoprotein @entity165 values were higher (155 [32]; 95% CI, 148-161 vs 111 [32]; 95% CI, 101-120 mg/dl; p < 0.05), and high density lipoprotein @entity165 lower (54 [12]; 95% CI, 52-57 vs 64 [18]; 95% CI, 59-69 mg/dl; p < 0.05) in postmenopausal than premenopausal @entity1 . In postmenopausal @entity1 @entity1255 levels were negatively associated with @entity1501 and positively associated with @entity1011 levels, but there was not association with age, @entity2186 serum levels and lipoproteins. CONCLUSION: In postmenopausal @entity1 increased @entity1255 concentrations, together with @entity1007 , could contribute to the raise of their cardiovascular risk.

title: [Influence of menopausal status in XXXX plasma levels].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: @entity1389 and @entity242 may be difficult to separate from @entity5426 . We aim to study the morphological spectrum of @entity154 in these @entity5 and the value of staining for endothelial markers @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity21468 , and @entity9493 . Eleven atypical fibroxanthomas and 3 pleomorphic dermal @entity242 were identified. All @entity5 arose on sun-damaged skin of elderly @entity1 . @entity1389 were nodular and confined to the dermis, whereas @entity242 invaded into underlying fascia. All @entity5 were composed of @entity1893 and spindle cells showing blood-filled spaces and intratumoral @entity548 . Intracytoplasmic vacuoles (n = 4), hemosiderin deposition (n = 2), and keloidal stromal change (n = 1) were also noted. Immunohistochemically, @entity2279 was expressed in 43% of cases, @entity21468 in 79% and smooth muscle actin in 50%. Staining for @entity2280 , @entity9493 , S100, HMB-45, @entity2283 , @entity4206 and cytokeratins was negative. Follow up (median, 43.1 months; range 1-100), available for 10 @entity1 , showed no adverse outcome. @entity154 and aberrant expression of @entity2279 and @entity21468 in @entity1389 and @entity242 may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of @entity5426 . Negativity for @entity2280 and @entity9493 , in particular, is a reliable differentiating feature in this setting.

title: XXXX with @entity154 : a histological and immunohistochemical mimic of @entity5426 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoangiomatous features', 'pseudoangiomatous features']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic dermal sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic epithelioid']

entities_list: @entity1389 :: ('MESH:C566823', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical fibroxanthomas', 'Atypical fibroxanthoma', 'atypical fibroxanthoma']

answer: @entity1389 :: (MESH:C566823,Disease) :: ['Atypical fibroxanthoma']


abstract: The electron-transfer kinetics from the soluble cytochrome (cyt) c2 to the photooxidized reaction center (RC) was studied with proteins isolated from @entity11704 ( @entity11704 . In addition to wild-type (WT) RC, RCs harboring site-directed mutations at residue L162 ( @entity48073 , -M, -L, -S, or -G) wree analyzed. The disappearance of the absorption band of the photooxidized primary donor P+ (at 1250 nm) and the alpha-band of cyt c2 (at 550 nm) were monitored. Under conditions of high equimolar RC and cyt c2 concentrations, the kinetics were very similar to those measured in intact cells (Farchaus et al., 1993). The fast component of the kinetics normally seen in WT was not observed in any of the mutants; the overall rereduction rates for the mutants depended on the @entity535 substitution. Light intensity, viscosity, ionic strength, and RC/cyt c2 stoichiometry of the reaction mixture were varied to distinguish the contributions of association, reorientation, and electron-transfer reactions to the observed kinetics. In competition experiments, WTRC ( @entity48074 ) and the mutant RCL162L showed similar affinity for cyt c2, with a dissociation constant of kD = 10(-6) M. Mutants with an aliphatic substitution at position L162 displayed slower cyt c2-RC association and dissociation rates. Comparison of the major kinetic component of the P+ rereduction rates for the aliphatic substitutions to the aromatic substitution, @entity48073 , revealed that the former were less affected by ionic strength and viscosity than the latter. The viscosity and ionic strength dependences noted for @entity48073 were comparable to those seen for the slow kinetic component observed for the WT RC. The redox midpoint potential of the P/P+ couple was increased by 30 mV ( @entity48073 ) to 50 mV ( @entity48075 , G) over the WT value, leading to differences in delta G not large enough to account for the drastic kinetic effects. Rather, the results suggested that the state(s) where cyt c2 is nonproductively bound to the RC dominated in the mutants. In the @entity48073 mutant, it appeared that only the distribution between the bound cyt c2 states was affected, whereas for the mutants with aliphatic substitutions, a decreased reorientation rate had to be additionally assumed in order to explain the observations.

title: Tyrosine 162 of the photosynthetic reaction center L-subunit plays a critical role in the cytochrome c2 mediated rereduction of the photooxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer in XXXX . 2. Quantitative kinetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter', 'R.) sphaeroides']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1823 are @entity5 of neural crest origin commonly arising from the carotid body, vagal nerve, or jugular bulb. The definitive treatment for these @entity5 is surgical resection, often augmented with @entity887 due their highly vascular nature. We present our experience examining the efficacy and safety of endovascular embolization of these rare @entity5 . METHODS: A review of @entity1 's diagnosed with @entity1823 who underwent @entity887 over a 5-year period (2002-2007) was conducted. The @entity5 subtype, efficacy of embolization, method of embolization, and rate of complication were noted. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 underwent selective arterial embolization of their @entity1823 using @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles ranging in size from 100-1000 microns. The @entity5 subtypes treated were carotid body (n = 20), glomus vagale (n = 10), and glomus jugulare (n = 8). The average age at presentation was 44 years (range, 15-81). Twenty-two @entity1 were female and sixteen were male. The most common artery embolized was the ascending pharyngeal branch of the external carotid artery. Post-embolization angiography revealed an average decrease in blood flow to @entity5 of 75%. With the exception of transient @entity158 documented in 1 @entity1 , there were no known complications from embolization. CONCLUSIONS: The endovascular embolization of @entity1823 using @entity939 prior to surgical resection is a very safe and efficacious procedure that may reduce operative @entity190 and associated morbidity.

title: Endovascular embolization of XXXX : A safe adjuvant to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['pre-operative embolization']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paragangliomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1415 is a common otolaryngologic emergency. Management is controversial because of the many treatment options available. These options vary in efficacy, rates of complications, and cost. Posterior nasal packing is the medical management most frequently used to control @entity1415 . It is associated with major complications, including @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity943 , and @entity204 . Because of these potential complications, many otolaryngologists monitor @entity1 with posterior nasal packing in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the level of care used to monitor these @entity1 is variable, and standards have not been established. METHODS: From 1991 to 1997, 46 @entity1 had posterior nasal packing placed to control @entity1415 . Management, complications, and hospital charges were analyzed. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (13%) were admitted to the ICU, 2 (4%) were admitted for telemetry monitoring, and 38 (83%) were sent to the ENT ward for continuous pulse oximetry. Four major complications occurred (1 episode of @entity1163 [emergency department], 2 @entity943 [ICU], and 1 @entity204 [hospice]). Twenty-six @entity1 were treated with posterior packing in the ENT ward, at a mean cost of  2988. Fourteen @entity1 underwent intervention (5 ligations, 6 endoscopic cauterizations, and 3 angiograms), with a mean cost of  5482. Six @entity1 spent time in the ICU, with a mean cost of  8242. @entity1 treated in the ENT ward had significantly lower costs than those undergoing intervention (P = 0.017) or those admitted to the ICU (P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: We propose that most @entity1 with @entity1415 can be treated in specialized ENT wards. This can be done without increasing complications and with significantly decreased costs.

title: Management paradigms for XXXX : A comparison of costs and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis', 'posterior epistaxis', 'Posterior epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['posterior epistaxis']


abstract: Primary @entity4617 of the ventricles are very uncommon. During an 8-year period only, nine such @entity1 were encountered: the @entity5 was primarily in the right ventricle in six, in the left ventricle in two and biventricular in one. There were seven @entity1 and two adults in this series. Histologically, the @entity5 was benign in all @entity1 . The @entity5 was obstructive in six @entity1 , five of whom underwent surgery (complete resection in three, partial excision in one and a Fontan-Kreutzer procedure in one); one neonate died before an operation could be performed. In addition, one @entity1 with an @entity5 underwent complete resection. There were no early or late deaths among the six @entity1 treated surgically. The @entity5 was small and non-obstructive in two @entity1 , who were not operated on: one died suddenly, and the other was followed without intervention. In summary, complete or partial excision of @entity2504 can usually be accomplished with good long-term results. If resection is not possible, effective palliation may be achieved with a Fontan-type operation, excluding the right ventricle from the circulation.

title: XXXX : surgical options.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epicardial tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular neoplasms']

answer: @entity2504 :: (MESH:D002551,Disease) :: ['Ventricular tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint arthrodesis is commonly done for @entity4553 with an arthritic joint. In @entity1 with a wide preoperative first intermetatarsal (IM) angle an important question is whether the metatarsus varus will be corrected by the first @entity2720 alone or whether an additional basal osteotomy is necessary. METHODS: The charts and radiographs of 20 @entity1 who had arthrodesis of the first MTP joint were retrospectively reviewed. All 20 @entity1 were female with a mean age of 54.2 (range 42 to 78) years. Either a Hallu-S plate (Integra Life Sciences, Nudeal, France) or two crossed screws were used to stabilize the arthrodesis. The IM angles were measured independently by two individuals on weightbearing preoperative, 6-week postoperative, and final followup films. The final followup radiographs were taken at an average of 13.7 (range 6 to 30) months after surgery. A Student t-test was used to evaluate the changes in the IM angle and interobserver variations. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IM angle was 16.65 (range 12 to 26) degrees. The mean postoperative IM angle was 10.35 (range 6 to 15) degrees. The mean IM angle at final followup was 8.67 (range 5 to 12) degrees. The mean change between preoperative IM angle and IM angle at final followup was 8.22 (range 4 to 14) degrees. This change of the IM angle was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that in @entity1 with severe @entity4553 and first MTP joint degeneration arthrodesis can significantly correct the IM angle without the addition of a basal osteotomy.

title: Intermetatarsal angle after first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['MTP joint fusion']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: Age and female gender have been associated with poor prognosis in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Data currently available about the prognostic significance of gender in @entity583 might well have @entity445 . A multicenter, prospective study on 1239 @entity1 with @entity583 was conducted. Clinical characteristics, complications during the acute phase and one-year follow-up were monitored. @entity1 constituted 24.1% of all @entity1 . Female @entity1 were older with more prevalence of @entity6 , @entity101 , and previous @entity712 . Compared with @entity1 , the following complications were more frequently found in @entity1 : @entity712 , 43% vs. 22% (p < 0.001); reinfarction, 5% vs. 2% (p < 0.05); use of pacemaker, 7% vs. 4% (p < 0.05). @entity1 had higher mortality: early, during the first 24 hours post-admission, 10.7 vs. 3.1%; in-hospital, 23% vs. 8.1%; and 1-year, 33.7% vs. 16% (p < 0.001 for all the 3 cases of mortality). In the age-groups considered (<65, 65-74, and > or =75 years), 1-year mortality increased exponentially with ageing in @entity1 : 7.8%, 21.3%, and 38.9%, whereas in @entity1 the figures were: 15.3%, 41.5%, and 38.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that, among other variables, age and female gender had independent prognostic value for in-hospital mortality whereas gender lost its prognostic significantly for 1-year mortality. Multivariate analysis restricted to those @entity1 aged over 75 years showed that age but not gender had independent prognostic value. In conclusion, age and female sex have independent prognostic value for predicting mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 . Mortality increases exponentially with ageing in @entity1 whereas it stabilises in the case of @entity1 over 65 years. Female gender loses its independent value for predicting mortality in @entity1 over 75 years.

title: Clinical and prognostic characteristics associated with age and gender in XXXX : a multihospital perspective in the Murcia region of Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['led to inappropriate/incomplete conclusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: From 1980 through 1990, nine @entity1 developed de novo @entity733 during their stay in our @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ), representing the first series of such reported cases. RESULTS: All nine @entity1 were septic prior to the diagnosis of @entity733 . The signs and symptoms of @entity733 commonly described in the literature were of little help in detecting this pathology in @entity1213 @entity1 . Mean +/- SD platelet count, however, increased significantly, from 274 x 10(9)/L +/- 50 x 10(9)/L at admission to 647 x 10(9)/L +/- 94 x 10(9)/L at diagnosis. At diagnosis, left @entity1143 was present in all @entity1 . Only three @entity1 had detectable left upper quadrant tenderness. Abdominal computed tomographic scans, when used, were diagnostic in all cases. All @entity1 were treated by splenectomy; eight had a solitary abscess. Six abscesses were caused by enteric organisms, two by @entity794 , and one by @entity7706 . Eight @entity1 (89%) had had the offending organism previously isolated from their blood or from another infected site. Mortality was 45%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity733 , although a rare clinical entity, does occur de novo in @entity1213 @entity1 and is associated with significant mortality. Unexplained @entity1148 in a septic @entity1213 @entity1 with persistent left @entity1143 is suggestive of @entity733 . Previous culture and sensitivity results are useful in guiding perioperative antibiotic choices.

title: @entity733 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['splenic abscess', 'Splenic abscess']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1213 :: (MESH:D012555,Disease) :: ['intensive care unit']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffuse @entity12807 is a devastating event, and its acute findings, as revealed by conventional MR imaging and CT scanning, may be subtle. We analyzed diffusion-weighted and conventional MR images of @entity1 with diffuse @entity12807 to determine their usefulness in establishing the diagnosis during the acute period and in determining the age of insult. METHODS: We reviewed 11 MR imaging studies of 10 @entity1 who had experienced prolonged @entity1167 . All of the @entity1 underwent echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging with low- and high-strength B values and multiplanar unenhanced MR imaging. We considered bright areas on the high-strength diffusion-weighted images to be abnormal when compared with low-strength images. Special attention was given to the cortex, basal ganglia, thalami, hippocampi, cerebellum, and white matter. Conventional MR studies also were reviewed, and abnormalities noted. The medical records of all of the @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: Four @entity1 who underwent imaging during the acute period (<24 hours) had bright basal ganglia (n = 2), bright cerebellum (n = 3), and bright cortex (n = 1) shown on their diffusion-weighted images. For these @entity1 , conventional MR images showed questionable increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the basal ganglia (n = 1), and the results of two studies were judged to be normal. During the early subacute period (24 hours-13 days), four @entity1 were studied, and were determined to have an abnormal cortex (n = 3) and basal ganglia (n = 2). For two of these @entity1 , conventional MR images showed similar abnormalities, and the results of one study were normal. For two @entity1 who underwent imaging during the late subacute period (14-20 days), diffusion-weighted images showed abnormalities mostly confined to white matter. Two @entity1 who underwent imaging during the chronic phase (>21 days) had normal results of their diffusion-weighted imaging and one had evidence of laminar @entity39 revealed by conventional MR imaging. CONCLUSION: During the acute period, high-strength diffusion-weighted images showed the abnormal basal ganglia, cerebellum, and cortex to a better extent than did conventional MR images. During the early subacute period, gray @entity62 were seen on diffusion-weighted images. During the late subacute period, diffusion-weighted images showed mostly @entity62 . During the chronic stage, the results of diffusion-weighted imaging were normal. Our findings suggest that diffusion-weighted images are helpful for evaluating and dating diffuse @entity12807 , and therefore aid in the determination of prognosis and management of these @entity1 .

title: Diffusion-weighted MR XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral anoxia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['matter abnormalities', 'white matter abnormalities']

answer: @entity12807 :: (MESH:D002534,Disease) :: ['imaging of global cerebral anoxia']


abstract: A case of intussusception due to a @entity189 during pregnancy is reported. A 27-year-old pregnant female was admitted to Shimodate Municipal Hospital because of @entity490 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Her abdomen was distended, and a relatively hard mass was palpable in the right hypochondrium. Following a diagnosis of intussusception by ultrasonography, a laparotomy was performed. The lesion causing the intussusception was found to be a @entity189 , and thus a right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was carried out. Histological examination revealed that the @entity5 was a well-differentiated @entity420 which had invaded the muscularis propria but was superficial to the subserosa. None of the lymph nodes were @entity5 . The incidence of @entity694 above the peritoneal reflection during pregnancy is very low. Only 24 cases have been previously reported; our @entity1 is only the 25th case, as well as being the first case demonstrating Dukes' A. Due to the intussusception, ultrasonography was effective for diagnosis and the @entity1 was able to undergo a curative operation at an earlier stage than other @entity1 .

title: Intussusception caused by a XXXX during pregnancy: report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancerous']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cecum']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cecum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Imaging studies in @entity308 of the elderly are often small and highly selective. AIMS: To investigate a large group of elderly @entity308 @entity1 in order to assess changes in clinical, imaging and neuropsychological variables at follow-up. METHOD: @entity1 (n = 175, age range 65-91 years) with clinical @entity308 were identified from consecutive local referrals. Clinical interviews, neuropsychological tests and SPECT scans were carried out at referral and at two-year follow-up. RESULTS: Of 84 re-examined @entity1 , 46.5% were well, 9.5% were ill, 33% partially recovered and 11% had developed @entity303 . Duration of illness before index assessment was the only factor to predict outcome. Thirty-nine @entity1 could be scanned and followed up. There were no differences between @entity1 with good or poor depressive outcome on SPECT. Ten clinically improved @entity1 could be re-examined with SPECT. There were relative increases in right cingulate gyrus and right cerebellum at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 group was comparable with other studies showing high levels of @entity308 . Activity changes in limbic cortex are implicated in @entity308 of old age.

title: Follow-up study of XXXX in the elderly. Clinical and SPECT data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'residual depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In previous studies, we have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for hypnotic sensitivity to @entity1068 using a small recombinant inbred (RI) panel and a large F(2) backcross. Alcohol sensitivity is a major predictor of long-term risk for @entity988 . We remapped hypnotic sensitivity using a new set of 75 RI strains, the LXS, derived from Inbred Long Sleep and Inbred Short Sleep strains. We expected to improve mapping resolution in the QTL regions and to identify novel QTLs for loss of the righting reflex due to @entity1068 . We used three common mapping algorithms (R/qtl, QTL Cartographer, and WebQTL) to map QTLs in the LXS, and we compared the results. Most mapping studies use only a single algorithm, an approach that may result in failure to identify minor QTLs. We confirmed most of our previously reported QTLs, although one major QTL from earlier work ( @entity49108 ) failed to replicate, possibly because it represented multiple linked genes separated by recombination in the RI strains. We also report narrowed confidence intervals, based on mapping with a new genetic resource of more than 4000 polymorphic single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. These narrowed confidence intervals will facilitate candidate gene identification and assessment of overlap with @entity1 regions specifying risk for @entity988 . Finally, we present an approach for using these RI strains to assess evidence for candidate genes in the narrowed intervals, and we apply this method to a strong candidate, the @entity750 transporter.

title: Confirmation and fine mapping of XXXX sensitivity quantitative trait loci, and candidate gene testing in the LXS recombinant inbred mice.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that coronary flow reserve is reduced in @entity1 with @entity662 and angiographically normal coronary arteries. The methods used to assess coronary blood flow have varied, but in nearly all reports @entity4341 has been used to bring about vasodilatation. This study was designed to assess whether the apparent impairment of coronary flow reserve seen with @entity4341 could be reproduced with either @entity3302 or @entity859 , which induce maximum coronary blood flow by different mechanisms. METHODS: 25 @entity1 with @entity662 and angiographically normal coronary arteries were studied with an intracoronary Doppler flow probe and quantitative angiography to determine epicardial coronary artery area, coronary blood flow velocity, coronary flow reserve, and coronary vascular resistance index (CVRI, the ratio of resistance after intervention to basal resistance). All @entity1 received @entity3302 8 mg. Eight @entity1 with positive exercise tests received intracoronary @entity3302 (8 and 10 mg), intracoronary @entity859 (6, 20, 60 micrograms), and high-dose intravenous @entity4341 (0.84 mg/kg). RESULTS: The velocity ratio (peak after intervention: baseline) (mean (SEM)) after 8 mg @entity3302 was 3.3 (0.2) (n = 25) and the coronary flow reserve was 4.1 (0.3) (n = 25). There were no differences between @entity1 with a positive (n = 16) or negative (n = 9) exercise test. In eight @entity1 coronary flow reserve was measured after increasing doses of @entity3302 , @entity859 , and @entity4341 . Coronary flow reserve was 4.5 (0.3) with @entity3302 , 4.8 (0.3) with @entity859 , and 3.5 (0.4) with @entity4341 (p = 0.08 v @entity3302 and @entity859 ). CVRI was 0.22 (0.01) with @entity3302 , 0.21 (0.02) with @entity859 , and 0.29 (0.03) with @entity4341 (p < 0.05 v @entity3302 , p = 0.09 v @entity859 ). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that measurement of coronary flow reserve and CVRI in @entity1 with @entity662 and normal coronary arteries depends on the pharmacological stimulus. Normal values were obtained with @entity3302 in all @entity1 , irrespective of the exercise test response. In @entity1 with a positive exercise test significantly lower values were obtained with @entity4341 than with @entity3302 , or @entity859 . The reported impairment of coronary flow reserve in @entity1 with @entity951 and normal coronary arteries may reflect the variability in response to different pharmacological agents. The mechanism underlying this variability is unknown, but may involve an abnormality of @entity859 metabolism in the myocardium.

title: Coronary flow reserve in @entity1 with XXXX and normal coronary arteries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: My initial experience with 20 @entity1 undergoing @entity2418 continent urinary diversion is reviewed. The procedure has been slightly modified from that described by Kock and Skinner. All @entity1 have been followed for at least four months (median, 33 months). There have been no early complications related to the pouch. The most significant problem, @entity322 , has occurred in 2 @entity1 (10%) at three and four months, respectively, after surgery. Only 1 of these @entity1 required temporary use of an external appliance. @entity2680 was due, in both cases, to a patulous efferent nipple valve. Both were repaired by plication of the nipple, and no new efferent limbs were constructed. In 1 @entity1 (5%) prolapse of the afferent limb associated with reflux and @entity2885 developed one year post-surgery. Stones have developed in 3 @entity1 (15%). All @entity1 are currently continent and stone-free, and all are pleased with the result.

title: Initial results with slightly modified XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['Kock pouch']

answer: @entity2418 :: (MESH:D004062,Disease) :: ['Kock pouch']


abstract: We present a survey of the current state of knowledge about the prevalence of the syndrome involved in defective organification of @entity6893 , and the mechanism of iodination and coupling catalyzed by the @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) enzyme. A brief summary of the recent developments in molecular cloning of @entity5787 and regulation of @entity5787 gene expression is also included. Methods for purification of the enzyme and details about the assessment of @entity5787 activity in tissue are briefly explained. The classification of defective organification of @entity6893 is primarily based on the site of the biochemical defect, being quantitative ( @entity5787 absent) or qualitative ( @entity5787 structure, localization or apoenzyme are defectives). The presence of @entity5787 inhibitors is also briefly described. The rare possibility of an absent source of @entity2625 ( @entity274 ) causing defective @entity6893 organification is discussed. Analysis of the 118 reported cases shows that the biochemical classification covers a spectrum of abnormalities and it is likely that further molecular biology studies will increase this heterogeneity as well as refining it. Genetic studies have suggested linkage between the @entity5787 gene polymorphisms and the @entity6893 organification defect and can be of importance for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. Neonatal screening for @entity1375 is likely to expand the number of cases available for DNA analysis and possibly the molecular diagnosis. The importance of the mutations that would affect the @entity3793 (His) residues in the translated protein was recently documented by the finding of a deletion removing part of exon 9 and thus also deleting a proximal His residue. The resulting @entity5787 enzyme was inactive for @entity6893 organification and coupling reaction. It is hoped that in time we will be able to expand our knowledge of the molecular diagnosis of the inborn errors of @entity6893 organification.

title: Defective organification of XXXX causing hereditary @entity1375 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'thyroid peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

answer: @entity6893 :: (CHEBI:16382,Chemical) :: ['iodide']


abstract: A 75-year-old female with skin metastasis from advanced @entity356 (portion A, tub2, ss beta, n2, P0H0, Borrmann 3-type) was successfully treated with CDDP at a dosage of 25 mg/body every week or two. She had undergone R2 curative subtotal gastrectomy in October 1986, and had orally taken tegafur 300 mg/day as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Three years after the operation, she had skin erythema at chest and neck. A pathological examination revealed that the skin erythema was a metastasis of @entity356 . After administration of @entity1487 and MMC, the @entity272 diminished in size, but in November of 1990, it expanded again. Administration of @entity1487 , @entity1139 and @entity1259 was not effective. The @entity272 expanded extensively and changed to nodular type. CDDP was intermittently administered from August 1991 to December 1991, 25 mg/body div. every week or two; the total volume of CDDP reached 225 mg. The metastatic @entity1489 disappeared and a complete response was obtained. CEA, which had been high (190 ng/ml), regained the normal level. @entity882 and @entity409 developed as side effects, but reduced after cessation of CDDP administration. The @entity1 has been well for 3 years and 6 months since the onset of the skin metastasis.

title: [A case of complete remission of metastatic @entity1489 (erythema type) from advanced XXXX by CDDP administration].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Membrane currents evoked by repeated noxious heat stimuli (43-47 degrees C) of 3 s duration were investigated in acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones of adult @entity35 . The heat stimuli generated by a fast solution exchanger had a rise time of 114 +/- 6 ms and a fall time of 146 +/- 13 ms. When heat stimuli were applied to heat-sensitive small (< or = 32.5 microm) DRG neurones, an inward membrane current (I(heat)) with a mean peak of 2430 +/- 550 pA was observed (n = 19). This current started to activate and deactivate with no significant latency with respect to the heat stimulus. The peak of I(heat) was reached with a rise time of 625 +/- 115 ms. When the heat stimulus was switched off I(heat) deactivated with a fall time of 263 +/- 17 ms. During constant heat stimulation I(heat) decreased with time constants of 4-5 s (inactivation). At the end of a 3 s heat stimulus the peak current was reduced by 44 +/- 5 % (n = 19). Current-voltage curves revealed outward rectifying properties of I(heat) and a reversal potential of -6.3 +/- 2.2 mV (n = 6). Inactivation was observed at all membrane potentials investigated (-80 to 60 mV); however, inactivation was more pronounced for inward currents (37 +/- 5 %) than for outward currents (23 +/- 6 %, P < 0.05). When neurones were investigated with repeated heat stimuli (3 to 5 times) of the same temperature, the peak current relative to the first I(heat) declined by 48 +/- 6 % at the 3rd stimulus (n = 19) and by 54 +/- 18 % at the 5th stimulus (n = 4; tachyphylaxis). In the absence of extracellular @entity141 (buffered with 10 mM @entity4527 ) inactivation (by 53 +/- 6 %) and tachyphylaxis (by 42 +/- 7 % across three stimuli) were still observed (n = 8). The same was true when intracellular @entity141 was buffered by 10 mM @entity18650 (inactivation by 49 +/- 4 %, tachyphylaxis by 52 +/- 7 % across three stimuli; n = 13). Thus, inactivation and tachyphylaxis were mainly independent of intra- and extracellular @entity141 . These results indicate that inactivation and tachyphylaxis of heat-evoked inward currents can be observed in vitro, similar to adaptation and suppression of action potential discharges elicited by comparably fast heat stimuli in vivo. Whereas the voltage dependence of I(heat) resembles that of @entity2951 -induced membrane currents (I(Caps)), the independence of inactivation and tachyphylaxis of I(heat) from @entity460 is in clear contrast to I(Caps). A similar difference in @entity460 dependence of inactivation has been reported between heat-evoked and @entity2951 -induced currents through the cloned @entity2951 receptor channel @entity5510 . Thus, the properties of I(heat) and of @entity5510 largely account for the adaptation and suppression of heat-evoked nociceptor discharges.

title: Inactivation and tachyphylaxis of heat-evoked inward currents in nociceptive primary sensory neurones of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The operative mortality and morbidity of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain high. We analyzed PD @entity1 ' clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes and discuss how PD clinical outcomes could be improved. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 400 @entity1 who underwent a PD between January 1998 and April 2014 at Okayama University Hospital, a very-high-volume center. We identified and compared the clinical outcomes between two time periods (period 1: 1998-2006 vs. @entity5394 : 2007-2014). The total postoperative mortality and major complication rates were 0.75% and 15.8% , respectively, and the median postoperative length of stay (LOS) was 32 days. Subsequently, @entity1 who underwent a PD during @entity5394 had a significantly shorter LOS than those who underwent a PD during period 1 (29 days vs. 38.5 days, p   0.001). The incidence of mortality and major complications did not differ between the two periods. In our multivariate analysis, period 1 was an independent factor associated with a long LOS (p   0.001). The improvement of the surgical procedure and perioperative care might be related to the shorter LOS in @entity5394 and ot the consistently maintained low mortality rate after PD. The development of multimodal strategies to accelerate postoperative recovery may further improve PD's clinical outcomes.

title: Surgical Outcome of XXXX Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Analysis of a 17   Year Experience at a Single Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early (30 days) and midterm (6 months) clinical outcomes in trials comparing rescue angioplasty (rescue percutaneous coronary intervention [ @entity50503 ]) with conservative treatment of failed fibrinolysis complicating ST-segment elevation @entity583 have shown variable results. Whether early @entity50503 confers late (up to 3 years) clinical benefits is not known. METHODS: The @entity1188 trial compared @entity50503 and a conservative strategy in @entity1 with failed fibrinolysis complicating ST-segment elevation @entity583 . Three hundred seven @entity1 with electrocardiographic evidence of failure to reperfuse at 60 minutes were included. @entity1 in @entity1455 were excluded. Thirty-day and 1-year results have been reported. Results of 3 years of follow-up are presented. RESULTS: Three-year mortality in the conservative arm and @entity50503 , respectively, was 16.9% versus 17.6% (P = .9, relative difference [RD] -0.8, 95% CI [-9.3 to 7.8]). @entity204 rates were similar (3.9% vs 3.2%) between 1- and 3-year follow-up, respectively. The incidence of the composite secondary end point of death, reinfarction, @entity64 , unplanned revascularization, or @entity712 was significantly higher in the conservative arm (64.3% vs 49%, P = .01, RD 15.3, 95% CI [4.2-26]). There was no significant difference in the rate of reinfarction (0.7% vs 0.7%) or @entity712 (1.3% vs 2.7%) between 1 and 3 years between the conservative and @entity50503 arms, respectively. The incidence of subsequent unplanned revascularization at 3 years was significantly higher in the conservative arm (33.8% vs 14.4%, P < .01, RD 19.4, 95% CI [10-28.7]), most of which occurred within 1 year; the rates between 1 and 3 years were 3.9% in the conservative arm versus 2% in the @entity50503 arm. There was a trend toward fewer @entity64 in the conservative arm at 3 years (conservative arm 2.6% vs @entity50503 6.5%, P = .1, RD -3.9%, 95% CI [-9.4 to 0.8]), with similar @entity64 rates (1.3% vs 1.3%) between 1- and 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Rescue angioplasty did not confer a late survival advantage at 3 years. The composite end point occurred less often in the @entity50503 arm mainly because of fewer unplanned revascularization procedures in the early phase of follow-up. The highest risk of clinical events in @entity1 with failed reperfusion is in the first year, beyond which the rate of clinical events is low.

title: Early invasive versus conservative treatment in @entity1 with failed fibrinolysis--no late survival benefit: the final analysis of the @entity1188 ( XXXX ) randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['MERLIN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) alone is frequently used in elderly @entity1 with medically inoperable early stage (I/II) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We retrospectively investigated the effectiveness of @entity1161 alone in this @entity1 population treated in our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 1999, a total of 33 @entity1 were treated with @entity1161 alone in our institution, all being males. @entity1161 doses ranged 66-78 Gy (median, 70 Gy) using standard fractionation (2.0 Gy per fraction). The age range was 71-97 years (median, 75 years) with 11 @entity1 being >or=80 years old. Twenty-two (67%) @entity1 had a @entity957 . There were 24 (73%) stage I and nine (27%) stage II @entity1 . RESULTS: Radiographic objective response rate was observed in 23 (70%) @entity1 . The median survival time was 37.4 months and 3-year survival time was 50%, while the median cause-specific survival time was 48.1 months and a 3-year cause-specific survival rate was 55.3%. The median time to local recurrence was 36.8 months and a 3-year local recurrence-free survival rate was 50.2%, while the median time to distant metastasis was not achieved yet, the 3-year distant metastasis-free survival rate being 71.4%. One (3%) @entity1 died of @entity1161 -induced @entity137 , while only two (6%) @entity1 experienced late grade 3 lung @entity137 . No other high-grade @entity137 was observed during this study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1161 alone was effective and low toxic in elderly with early stage (I/II) @entity1149 and could be considered as treatment of choice in this @entity1 population.

title: XXXX alone in elderly with early stage @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'acute lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1161 :: (MESH:D011832,Disease) :: ['Radiation therapy']