abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity2232 is a strong endogenous vasoconstrictor and is also an agent reducing the ocular blood flow. @entity1 with @entity6391 are known to have reduced ocular blood flow. This can be secondary to @entity2479 , but may also partially result from an additional condition, such as a @entity751 . The aim of the study was to investigate whether the @entity2232 plasma levels in @entity6391 @entity1 with and without @entity751 are different. @entity1 and Methods: In the study we included @entity1 with clinical signs and symptoms of @entity6391 , confirmed by electrophysiological findings. Blood samples were obtained from 6 @entity6391 @entity1 with and 4 without @entity751 . The results were related to 30 age- and sex-matched control subjects. @entity2232 plasma levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassay. Results: The @entity2232 plasma levels in @entity6391 @entity1 with @entity751 were significantly higher than those without @entity751 . The mean (     SD) @entity2232 levels (pg/mL) in @entity6391 @entity1 with @entity751 were 4.95 (     1.74), range: (2.37-6.76), whereas in @entity1 without @entity751 they were 1.10 (     0.08), range: 1.00-1.20. Our own normal values are: 1.56 (     0.30), range: (0.90-2.13). All @entity6391 @entity1 with increased @entity2232 plasma levels had signs and symptoms related to a @entity751 , such as cold extremities, low blood pressure, reduced feeling of thirst, increased sensitivity in general, e.g., increased sensitivity to certain drugs, increased @entity158 sensitivity and increased sense of smell. Conclusion: @entity2232 plasma levels were @entity6391 @entity1 with but not in @entity1 without @entity751 . Many questions remain open: Why so many @entity6391 @entity1 suffer from @entity751 , why is the @entity2232 level in such @entity1 higher than in healthy subjects with @entity751 , how much of the ocular blood flow reduction is due to @entity2000 and how much to the @entity751 ? We hypothesise that @entity751 leads to an additional increase of the @entity2232 level and an additional decrease of ocular blood flow in @entity6391 @entity1 . Further studies are needed to analyse the causal relationship between @entity6391 and @entity751 and evaluate potential therapeutic implications.

title: XXXX Plasma Levels in @entity1 with both @entity6391 and Flammer Syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'increased in retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Flammer syndrome']

answer: @entity2232 :: (1906,Gene) :: ['Endothelin-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite @entity2332 30-70% of newborns with moderate or severe @entity519 ischemic @entity75 will die or survive with significant long-term impairments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the first days of life is being used for early identification of these @entity1 and end of life decisions are relying more and more on it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how MRI performed around day 4 of life correlates with the ones obtained in the second week of life in @entity1 with @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ) treated with @entity2332 . METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study between April 2009 and July 2011. Consecutive newborns with @entity2806 evaluated for @entity2332 were included. Two sequential MR studies were performed: an 'early' study around the 4th day of life and a 'late' study during the second week of life. MRI were assessed and scored by two neuroradiologists who were blinded to the clinical condition of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-eight MRI scans were obtained in the 40 newborns. Fifteen @entity1 underwent two sequential MR scans. The localization, extension and severity of @entity63 in early and late scans were highly correlated. @entity63 scores from conventional sequences ( @entity6493 ) in the early MRI correlated with the scores of the late MRI (Spearman      =   0.940; p   <   .001) as did the scores between diffusion-weighted images in early scans and conventional images in late MR studies (Spearman      =   0.866; p   <   .001). There were no significant differences in MR images between the two sequential scans. CONCLUSIONS: MRI in the first days of life may be a useful prognostic tool for clinicians and can help parents and neonatologist in medical decisions, as it highly depicts @entity2806 seen in scans performed around the second week of life.

title: Early identification of brain injury in @entity1 with @entity519 ischemic XXXX at high risk for severe impairments: accuracy of MRI performed in the first days of life.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain injury', 'hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic-ischemic injury', 'hypoxic-ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test cognitive and interpersonal models for @entity913 . Eighty @entity1 with @entity913 were randomized to 10-week @entity73 ( @entity73 ) or residential interpersonal psychotherapy (RIPT). They completed process measures every Thursday and a sub-outcome measure every Monday. The ratings were analyzed with mixed models. Weekly changes in the process variables derived from the cognitive model (self-focus, estimated probability and estimated cost of negative social events, safety behaviors) predicted subsequent weekly changes in social @entity148 . Changes in the interpersonal variable perceived acceptance by others also predicted subsequent changes in social @entity148 . On the other hand, changes in social @entity148 predicted changes in the four cognitive variables. There were no interactive effects of process with treatment. The cognitive variables decreased during treatment to a similar degree in both treatments. The results indicate that, to reduce social @entity148 , therapy should target self-focus, estimated probability and cost of feared social events, safety behaviors, and perceived acceptance by others. The process of improvement may involve positive cycles in that a @entity148 , in turn, appeared to impact self-focus, probability, cost, and safety behaviors.

title: Change processes in XXXX and interpersonal psychotherapy for @entity913 : a process-outcome study.

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['social phobia', 'improving social phobia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['residential cognitive', 'RCT']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of social anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['residential cognitive']


abstract: The major @entity35 heat-shock (stress) protein and its cognate were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from livers of heat-shocked @entity35 . Both proteins exhibited similar behavior on a variety of column chromatography matrices but were separable by preparative isoelectric focusing under nondenaturing conditions by virtue of a 0.2 pH unit difference in isoelectric point. Both purified proteins had similar physical properties, suggesting the possibility that they may have similar biological functions as well. Both proteins were homodimers under nondissociative conditions (Mr 150 000) with isoelectric points of 5.0 (cognate) and 5.2 (major stress protein). After denaturation, both proteins had an increase in isoelectric point of 0.6 pH unit, and the resulting polypeptide chains had apparent molecular weights of 73 000 (cognate) and 71 000 (major stress protein). Similarities in the electrophoretic properties of these two proteins and serum albumin, which also undergoes a large basic shift in isoelectric point due to loss of @entity1718 and conformational changes accompanying denaturation, prompted us to search for lipids associated with the purified 71-kilodalton stress protein and its cognate. Thin-layer chromatography of @entity3636 / @entity1042 extracts of these two proteins revealed nonesterified @entity1718 bound to both proteins. @entity7609 , @entity3106 , and a small amount of @entity18257 were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Both proteins contained approximately four molecules of @entity844 per dimer with @entity2365 and @entity9525 present in a one to one molar ratio. Possible roles of the major stress protein and its cognate as @entity844 associated proteins in cellular responses to stress are discussed.

title: Purification and initial characterization of the 71-kilodalton @entity35 heat-shock protein and its cognate as XXXX binding proteins.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity18257 :: ('MESH:D019814', 'Chemical') :: ['myristic acid']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity9525 :: ('CHEBI:25629', 'Chemical') :: ['stearate']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['Palmitic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Painful @entity16 is one of the most common long-term complications of @entity6 and often proves difficult to relieve. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity3949 with moderate or greater @entity158 for at least 3 months, were evaluated for efficacy, safety and health-related quality of life (QOL) while receiving controlled-release (CR) @entity1288 (OxyContin) or active placebo. @entity1 underwent washout from all opioids 2-7 days before randomization to 10 mg CR @entity1288 or active placebo (0.25 mg @entity5662 ) q12h. The dose was increased, approximately weekly, to a maximum of 40 mg q12h CR @entity1288 or 1 mg q12h @entity5662 , with crossover to the alternate treatment after a maximum of 4 weeks. @entity1443 , 325-650 mg q4-6h prn was provided as rescue. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 were evaluable for efficacy (21 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 , mean age 63.0+/-9.4 years). CR @entity1288 resulted in significantly lower (P=0.0001) mean daily @entity158 (21.8+/-20.7 vs. 48.6+/-26.6 mm VAS), steady @entity158 (23.5+/-23.0 vs. 47.6+/-30.7 mm VAS), @entity158 (21.8+/-23.5 vs. 46.7+/-30.8 mm VAS), @entity158 (14.3+/-20.4 vs. 43.2+/-31.3 mm VAS), and total @entity158 and disability (16.8+/-15.6 vs. 25.2+/-16.7; P=0.004). Scores from 6 of the 8 SF-36 domains and both summary scales, Standardized Physical Component (P=0.0002) and Standardized Mental Component (P=0.0338) were significantly better during CR @entity1288 treatment. The number needed to treat to obtain one @entity1 with at least 50% @entity158 relief is 2.6 and clinical effectiveness scores favoured treatment with CR @entity1288 over placebo (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: CR @entity1288 is effective and safe for the management of @entity3949 and improves QOL.

title: Controlled-release XXXX relieves neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial in @entity3949 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5662 :: ('MESH:D001590', 'Chemical') :: ['benztropine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'brief pain', 'skin pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1288 :: (MESH:D010098,Chemical) :: ['oxycodone']


abstract: @entity11657 ( @entity11657 ) that targets medium-sized muscular arteries and @entity6129 ( @entity6129 ), characterized by inflammation of small-caliber vessels and the presence of circulating myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA), are distinct clinicopathological entities of systemic @entity1333 . A 66-year-old @entity1 presented with fever, @entity1448 and positive MPO-ANCA. Radiological examination showed a pancreatic mass compressing the bile duct. Therefore, we performed pancreatoduodenectomy. Histopathological examination revealed that @entity1333 predominantly affecting the medium-sized vessels, spared arterioles or capillaries in the pancreas, a finding consistent with @entity11657 . Unexpectedly, renal biopsy revealed small-caliber @entity1333 and @entity631 , supporting @entity6129 . The initial manifestation of a pancreatic mass associated with @entity1333 has only been reported in 7 articles. Its diagnosis is challenging because no reliable clinico-radiological findings have been observed. Clinicians should be aware of such cases and early diagnosis followed by immunosuppression is mandatory. Our findings may reflect a @entity2883 overlap syndrome coexisting between pancreatic @entity11657 and @entity8 .

title: Pancreatic mass as an initial manifestation of XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal MPA']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity6129 :: ('MESH:D055953', 'Disease') :: ['MPA', 'microscopic polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['PAN', 'Classic polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity11657 :: (MESH:D010488,Disease) :: ['polyarteritis nodosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the gold standard for providing a diagnosis of @entity1600 (N1) in @entity263 @entity1 who may be candidates for curatively intended radiotherapy (RT). The limited lymphadenectomy technique (L-PLND) provides removal of only a minority of lymph nodes within the expected regions of lymph node drainage of the prostate. We describe our extended lymphadenectomy (e-PLND) and the pathological outcome with a modified template as described by Briganti and compare it with L-PLND. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 44 @entity1 who underwent e-PLND and 36 @entity1 who underwent L-PLND. The lymph node dissection regions were divided into: I the external iliac field, II the obturator field and III the internal iliac field. RESULTS: The mean age was 70.2 years for e-PLND and 68.9 years for L-PLND. There was no significant difference in preoperative @entity1486 , Gleason score or clinical stage between the two cohorts of @entity1 . The mean operative time was 95 min. (range 75-140 min.) for e-PLND and 82 min. (range 30-145 min.) for L-PLND (p = 0.03). N1 was found in 18 (41%) and six (17%) in e-PLND versus L-PLND, respectively (p = 0.03). Six of the 44 (13.6%) @entity1 who underwent e-PLND had N1 exclusively outside the region related to the limited dissection technique. CONCLUSION: e-PLND is safe and can prevent overtreatment of at least 13.6% of the @entity263 @entity1 who may be candidates for RT. Positive needle-core biopsies have a direct impact on N1. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: Overtreatment of XXXX may be prevented by extended pelvic lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 @entity1 with melancholic features have distinct @entity73 and @entity4270 , but it remains unknown whether these impairments can be quantified on neurocognitive biomarker tests of behavioral performance. We compared melancholic @entity308 ( @entity308 ) @entity1 to non-melancholic @entity308 @entity1 and controls on a neurocognitive test battery that assesses eight general and emotional cognitive domains including the hypothesized decision-making and reward-threat perception. METHODS: @entity308 outpatients (n=1008) were assessed using a computerized battery of tests. @entity308 @entity1 met DSM-IV criteria for @entity308 and had a score >= 16 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 . @entity308 was defined using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and a psychomotor disturbance observer-rated CORE measure score >7. Controls were age- and gender-matched with no previous DSM-IV or significant medical history. RESULTS: Melancholic @entity1 (33.7% of the @entity308 sample) exhibited significantly poorer performance than controls across each domain of cognitive function and for speed of emotion identification and implicit emotion priming. Compared to the non-melancholic group, specific disturbances were seen on tests of information speed, decision speed, and reward-relevant emotional processing of happy expressions, even after co-varying for symptom severity. LIMITATIONS: Assessments were taken at only one medication-free time point. Reward was investigated using an emotional faces task. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 is distinguished by a specific neurocognitive marker profile consistent with reduced decision-making capacity under time demands and loss of reward sensitivity. This profile suggests an underlying deficit in mesolimbic-cortical circuitry for motivationally-directed behavior.

title: XXXX : An iSPOT-D report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairments in cognition']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'MDD', 'Depressed', 'major depressive disorder', 'Melancholic MDD']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive and emotional biomarkers of melancholic depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical features and incidence of @entity1 @entity7822 in chronically ill older adults need better definition. METHODS: @entity7822 was determined on the basis of a 4-fold increase in serum antibody and the detection of HCoV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Laboratory-documented influenza (LDI) was detected by serologic assay and culture. HCoV illnesses were compared with other acute @entity1576 identified by active surveillance, during the 1998-99 winter respiratory-virus season, of 2215 @entity1 with @entity1030 who were > or = 50 years old and who received influenza vaccines. RESULTS: @entity29839 and @entity29838 were associated with 90 (14%) of 665 illnesses ( @entity29839 in 22, @entity29838 in 67, and both in 1), LDI with 107 (16%) of 678 illnesses. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, @entity925 was less likely with @entity7822 than with LDI (OR, 0.27 [95% confidence limit, 0.13-0.58]). A majority of these HCoV and LDI illnesses exhibited each of 11 symptoms and signs of acute @entity1576 . Spirometric results worsened most often with LDI, and many acute @entity1576 , regardless of etiology, were associated with hospitalization. A total of 8 illnesses were associated with @entity29840 , 1 with @entity29841 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequencies of HCoV and LDI illnesses were similar. @entity29070 was less severe than @entity2480 , was accompanied by multiple respiratory and systemic symptoms, and was associated with hospitalization.

title: XXXX coronavirus and acute @entity1576 in older adults with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illnesses', 'respiratory illness']

entities_list: @entity7822 :: ('MESH:D018352', 'Disease') :: ['coronavirus (HCoV) infections', 'HCoV infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['LDI illness']

entities_list: @entity29070 :: ('MESH:D003333', 'Disease') :: ['HCoV illness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The repair of @entity2383 following endotracheal administration of porcine pancreatic elastase ( @entity15978 ) to @entity19 involves the coordinated deposition of new matrix elements. We determined the induction of the myofibroblast phenotype following elastolytic injury to @entity19 lung by examining the expression of @entity3113 ( @entity3113 ) by immunohistochemistry. We also examined @entity20616 and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression by in situ hybridization. Changes in airspace dimensions were assessed by determining mean linear intercept. In untreated @entity19 , @entity3113 was localized to vascular structures and large airways, with no detectable expression in alveolar units. @entity15978 induced @entity3113 expression in damaged areas surrounding large vessels, in septal remnants, and in the opening ring of @entity1157 . @entity20616 and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA expression were up-regulated in residual @entity2383 and septal walls. @entity15978 dose-response studies indicated that alpha1(I) collagen and @entity20616 mRNA expression were not induced in areas of normal lung adjacent to damaged lung. The administration of low dose @entity15978 resulted in increased @entity3113 protein and @entity20616 mRNA expression in the cells comprising the opening ring of @entity1157 . Our data suggest that repair mechanisms following elastolytic injury are confined to overtly damaged @entity2383 and involve the induction of the myofibroblast phenotype.

title: Induction of the myofibroblast phenotype following elastolytic injury to XXXX lung.

entities_list: @entity3113 :: ('11475(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'alpha-SMA']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar ducts']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar structures']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy is one of the standard methods for @entity5 . The study was to evaluate the feasibility of chemotherapy concurrent with dose-escalating twice-daily radiotherapy by simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) approach in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 were included, treated with twice-daily radiotherapy by SIB-IMRT concurrent with chemotherapy of @entity2879 plus @entity900 . Dose escalation was conducted by "classical" 3+3 methods with three @entity1 enrolled in each dose level. The therapeutic gross @entity5 volume (GTV) was treated according to three consecutive dose levels i.e., 45 Gy at 1.5 Gy twice daily, 50 Gy at 1.67 Gy twice daily and 54 Gy at 1.8 Gy twice daily. The planning target volume ( @entity343 ) received a dose of 45 Gy delivered in 30 fractions of 1.5 Gy. The primary endpoints were acute @entity137 . The secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and loco-regional failure-free survival (LRFFS) at 1-year of follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 and six @entity1 were included. The median age was 52 (30-68) months. 12 @entity1 experienced grade 2 acute @entity2910 , and 1 @entity1 developed grade 3 acute @entity2910 . Only 3 @entity1 developed Grade 2 @entity55 . Grade 3 or higher radiation-related @entity55 was not observed. None died of treatment-related causes. With median follow-up of 11.2 months (3.2-36.2 months), 1-year OS, PFS and LRFFS were 89.0%, 51.0% and 85.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation for twice-daily radiation concurrent with chemotherapy in LS- @entity4153 has been safely achieved up to 54 Gy for GTV using SIB-IMRT technique.

title: [A Phase I/II Study of Chemotherapy Concurrent with Twice-daily Radiotherapy    Schedules by Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Using Simultaneous Integrated Boost for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'limited-stage small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Limited-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: The levels of extracellular matrix protein mRNAs were increased prior to the appearance of histological @entity631 in isolated glomeruli from several animal models. Striker studied renal biopsies (Seminar in Nephrology, 13:508,1993). We made a comparable study in @entity1 renal biopsies to assess the levels of glomerular alpha 2 (IV) and alpha 3 (IV) collagen gene expressions in renal biopsies. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 11 @entity1 (7 @entity8 and 4 mesangial proliferative @entity631 ). @entity8 was divided into 5 grades. The amount of collagen type IV in glomerular matrix was evaluated by immunoperoxidase staining using a monoclonal antibody to type IV collagen. For gene expression analysis, glomeruli were dissected out from about 10% of each biopsy specimen. The expressions of alpha 2 (IV) and alpha 3 (IV) collagen mRNAs were analyzed by using in situ reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction. Each PCR reaction contained an amount of cDNA template equivalent to that obtained from 1/10 of a glomerulus, alpha 2 (IV) and alpha 3 (IV) collagen mRNAs were detected in all specimens. All 3 cases of @entity6994 with @entity8 had a more marked increment of glomerular alpha 2 (IV) collagen cDNA than that of the other 3 @entity6994 @entity1 with @entity75 (the intensity of PCR product, grade III 0.54 +/- 0.12, VS grade II 0.25 +/- 0.08, P < 0.05). No discrepancies were detected in the level of glomerular alpha 3 (IV) collagen cDNA and the intensity of collagen IV staining between these two groups of @entity6994 . Interestingly, in MsPGN @entity1 there was no difference in the expression of glomerular alpha 2 (IV) collagen mRNA between grade II and @entity8 . The results suggested that the detection of glomerular alpha 2 (IV) collagen mRNA level in @entity6994 @entity1 may help to define the pathological classification.

title: [Different expressions of alpha 2 (IV) and alpha 3 (IV) collagen mRNAs in renal glomeruli of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'grade III glomerular lesions', 'Glomerular lesion', 'grade III glomerular lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['grade II lesion']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: @entity1082 ) associated @entity5 is the leading cause of @entity204 in India. However, cytological/HPV screening may result in early detection of @entity5 , resulting in early treatment and reduced mortality. Although reports related to general population is available, data on HPV prevalence among @entity1 attending AFMS health care facilities is scarce. Cervical samples were collected for cytological staining by @entity975 test and molecular detection by PCR, genotyping by HPV specific primers and sequencing. Apart from finding of atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in one subject, no evidence of @entity5 was observed. A high prevalence of HPV was found in this study group, which was intermediate between previous reports from general population and @entity5 @entity1 . All the subjects had @entity281 of high risk HPV type16. HPV prevalence was found similar between different age groups. Although, none of the study subjects had malignant changes, but due to high prevalence of high risk HPV @entity281 and other associated risk factors, these subjects might be at an elevated risk of developing @entity5 . Regular follow-up of these @entity1 who were detected HPV positive are required to screen for cervical @entity5 .

title: Detection of @entity1082 in XXXX attending @entity975  cervical screening camp at a peripheral hospital of North-Eastern India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Glucocorticoids are critical components of combination chemotherapy regimens in pediatric @entity981 ( @entity981 ). The pro-apoptotic BIM protein is an important mediator of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in normal and malignant lymphocytes, while the anti-apoptotic @entity588 confers resistance. The signaling pathways regulating BIM and @entity588 expression in glucocorticoid-treated lymphoid cells remain unclear. In this study, @entity981 @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) inherently sensitive or resistant to glucocorticoids were exposed to @entity619 in vivo. Microarray analysis showed that @entity25641 and @entity13327 gene expression changes were significantly greater in @entity619 -sensitive than -resistant PDXs. ChIP analysis detected @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) binding at the @entity25641 promoter to trigger @entity25641 expression only in sensitive PDXs. Next, @entity25641 bound to the @entity13327 promoter, deactivating @entity13327 expression only in sensitive PDXs. Sustained @entity13327 expression in resistant PDXs resulted in maintenance of @entity588 expression and inhibition of apoptosis. ChIP-seq analysis revealed a novel @entity4738 binding site in a BIM intronic region (IGR) that was engaged only in @entity619 -sensitive PDXs. The absence of @entity4738 binding at the BIM IGR was associated with BIM silencing and @entity619 resistance. This study has identified novel mechanisms of opposing @entity588 and BIM gene regulation that control glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in @entity981 cells in vivo.

title: Opposing regulation of BIM and XXXX controls glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of pediatric @entity981 cells.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['BCL2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1644 is characterized by peripheral nervous system hyperexcitibility ( @entity7205 and @entity12296 ), hyperhydrosis, @entity25 , @entity4218 , and @entity75 . Voltage gated @entity972 channel antibodies (VGKC abs) are frequently present. Reduplicative paramnesia (RP) has not been reported with this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To describe a @entity1 with @entity1644 presenting with RP. DESIGN: Single case study. @entity1 : A 64-year-old @entity1 with several years of @entity7205 and @entity2045 with escalating @entity4939 and @entity911 developed the delusion that a replica of his house and its contents existed 40 mi away. RESULTS: Serum VGKC ab titer was elevated. Neuropsychological testing disclosed executive function and @entity2414 . Electromyography demonstrated diffuse @entity7205 . Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and @entity229 produced improvement of RP and @entity2045 , but not @entity7205 . CONCLUSION: RP may occur in @entity1 with VGKC ab-associated @entity1644 . Both @entity3002 may respond to immunotherapy including intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids.

title: Reduplicative paramnesia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ["Morvan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['RP and nervous system hyperexcitability']

entities_list: @entity12296 :: ('MESH:D020386', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyotonia']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['Morvan's syndrome']


abstract: Phasic increases in @entity935 (DA) are involved in the detection and selection of relevant sensory stimuli. The DAergic and cholinergic system dynamically interact to gate and potentiate sensory inputs to striatum. Striatal @entity27081 ( @entity27081 ) respond to relevant sensory stimuli with an initial burst, a firing pause, or a late burst, or a combination of these three components. CIN responses coincide with phasic firing of DAergic neurons in vivo. In particular, the late burst of @entity27081 codes for the anticipated reward. To examine whether DAergic midbrain afferents can evoke the different CIN responses, we recorded from adult olfactory tubercle slices in the @entity19 ventral striatum. Olfactory inputs to striatal projection neurons were gated by the cholinergic tone. Phasic optogenetic activation of DAergic terminals evoked combinations of initial bursts, pauses, and late bursts in subsets of @entity27081 by distinct receptor pathways. @entity2227 release from midbrain afferents evoked an @entity13429 -dependent initial burst followed by an afterhyperpolarization-induced pause. Phasic release of DA itself evoked acute changes in CIN firing. In particular, in @entity27081 without an initial burst, phasic DA release evoked a pause through D2-type DA receptor activation. Independently, phasic DA activated a slow depolarizing conductance and the late burst through a D1-type DA receptor pathway. In summary, DAergic neurons elicit transient subsecond firing responses in @entity27081 by sequential activation of @entity143 , D2-type, and D1-type receptors. This fast control of striatal cholinergic tone by phasic DA provides a novel dynamic link of two transmitter systems central to the detection and selection of relevant stimuli.

title: Phasic dopaminergic activity exerts fast control of cholinergic interneuron firing via sequential XXXX , D2, and D1 receptor activation.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity27081 :: ('MESH:C535672', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic interneurons', 'CINs']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: The effects of intrathecally administered (i.t.) @entity3897 , @entity5217 , a blocker of @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels, or @entity1510 on the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity5402 or @entity1286 were observed in @entity35 by tail-flick (TF) test. The results showed that: (1) i.t. @entity5402 produced a dose-dependent antinociception and it could be antagonized by i.t. @entity3897 ; (2) the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity5402 could be blocked dose-dependently by i.t. @entity5217 or i.t. @entity1510 ; (3) the antinociception produced by i.t. @entity1286 could be blocked dose-dependently by i.t. @entity5217 , but not by i.t. @entity3897 . The results suggest that the antinociception produced by activation of muscarinic receptors at the spinal level might be mediated by endogenous opioids and @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels in a cascade form.

title: Involvement of endogenous opioids and XXXX -sensitive @entity972 channels in the mediation of @entity5402 -induced antinociception at the spinal level: a behavioral study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 is a leading cause of @entity204 and disability in Australia. The impact of @entity64 on the Australia Indigenous @entity1 is, however, unclear. AIM: This study describes hospital-based @entity64 incidence and case fatality in the Northern Territory population in Australia. METHODS: Retrospective study of Northern Territory residents with a first-ever @entity64 episode and case fatality among Northern Territory residents in 1999-2011. RESULTS: The rate ratio of age-adjusted @entity64 incidence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations was 2  8 for @entity1 and 2  7 for @entity1 , similar to those reported elsewhere in Australia. The rate ratio increased to 3  8 (95% confidence interval: 3  4-4  3) after adjusting for multiple risk factors. There was no change in annual incidence between 1999 and 2011 for either non-Indigenous (incidence rate ratio per year 1  01, 95% confidence interval: 1  00-1  03) or Indigenous @entity1 (incidence rate ratio: 1  00, 95% confidence interval: 0  98-1  02), although incidence did increase for non-Indigenous @entity1 in the 15-39 year age group (incidence rate ratio:1  09, 95% confidence interval:1  02-1  17) and for Indigenous @entity1 in the 40-64 year age group (incidence rate ratio:1  03, 95% confidence interva1  00-1  06). The case fatality rate decreased from 22% in 1999 to 12% in 2011. In-hospital deaths were more common among; older and Indigenous @entity1 , for those with other @entity102 , and from @entity548 compared with @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: In the Northern Territory, as elsewhere in Australia, Indigenous Australians are more likely than other Australians to suffer a @entity64 . Lack of falling in incidence in the Northern Territory population highlights the importance for ongoing comprehensive primary and acute care in reducing risk factors and managing @entity64 @entity1 .

title: XXXX incidence and case-fatality among Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1999-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cryoablation is an acceptable treatment option for @entity703 ( @entity703 ). Unlike extirpative interventions, intraoperative needle biopsy is the only pathologic data for ablated @entity5 . It is imperative that sampled tissue accurately captures pathology. We studied the optimal intraoperative needle core biopsy protocol for small @entity703 during @entity8 ( @entity8 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity703 <4cm underwent intraoperative biopsy during @entity8 . Four biopsy cores were taken per @entity5 , 2 before and 2 after @entity8 by using both a standard and modified technique. Standard technique: needle biopsy device was deployed after insertion into the renal tissue at a depth of 5mm. Modified technique: needle biopsy device was deployed 1mm outside of the renal tissue. Biopsies were examined and compared with reference standard pathology. Percentage agreement was calculated across biopsy types (standard vs. modified) and time points (pre- vs. postcryoablation). Logistic regression was used to identify factors impacting biopsy accuracy. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with 33 RCNs underwent @entity8 . The mean @entity1 age was 69.1  8.0yrs, and mean @entity5 size was 2.3  0.7cm. No significant @entity548 resulted from biopsies. A definitive diagnosis was made in 31/33 RCNs (94.0%). Ten @entity5 (30.3%) were benign, 21 (63.7%) were malignant, and 2 (6.0%) were nondiagnostic. Biopsy length was significantly longer using the standard vs. modified technique with mean lengths of 9.3mm vs. 7.0mm, respectively (P=.02). Highest agreement was seen in preablation biopsies (90.3%). A significant association with agreement was seen for younger age (P=.05) and larger @entity5 size (P=.02). CONCLUSIONS: Younger age and larger @entity5 size were associated with improved accuracy. Preoperative sampling resulted in superior accuracy and the standard technique resulted in significantly longer cores. Use of preablation standard biopsy technique may result in the most accurate pathologic diagnosis for @entity1 undergoing cryoablation for small RCNs.

title: Comparison of two core biopsy techniques before and after laparoscopic cryoablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['LCA', 'laparoscopic renal cryoablation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['small renal cortical neoplasms', 'RCN']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['small renal cortical neoplasms']


abstract: AIM: To determine the prevalence of @entity1939 , @entity227 and the @entity231 surgical coverage for @entity1 aged 50 years and older in the Lumbini Zone and the Chitwan District (Narayani Zone) of Nepal. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study in 2006 selected subjects aged 50 years and older through a random multistage cluster sampling and door-to-door enumeration. Ophthalmic examination included @entity227 assessment and refraction, and anterior and @entity2296 carried out by a trained ophthalmologist and two ophthalmic assistants at centralised locations. RESULTS: The survey examined 5138 of 5196 @entity1 enumerated (response rate of 86.8%). The mean age of the subjects was 61 (SD 9.2) years, and 2701 (52.6%) subjects were @entity1 . The age-sex-adjusted prevalence of @entity1939 (best presenting vision <6/60) and @entity227 ( @entity735 presenting visual acuity of <6/18 to > or = 6/60) were 4.6% (95% CI 3.4 to 5.8) and 18.9% (95% CI 16.4 to 21.4), respectively. Blindness was significantly lower in the hill (3.3%) compared with the plain (5.8%) regions (OR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4 to 0.9). The primary causes for @entity735 were @entity231 (n = 228, 48.1%), @entity2516 (n = 149, 31.4%), @entity989 (n = 19, 4.0%) and @entity5575 (n = 18, 3.8%). The overall @entity231 surgical coverage was 66.6%. @entity231 surgical coverage was not significantly associated with age, sex, literacy or District. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of @entity1939 and @entity227 is lower than 10 years ago, particularly among @entity1 , @entity1939 due to @entity231 and @entity2516 (79.5% of blind @entity1 ) remains a significant population health problem in Lumbini Zone and Chitwan District.

title: Blindness prevalence and XXXX surgical coverage in Lumbini Zone and Chetwan District of Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-acuity', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['posterior segment examination of the eyes']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['correctable blindness', 'blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['blind eyes', 'better-eye']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal disorders']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: AIM: Refractory @entity2224 , resistant to conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is a life threatening rhythm encountered in the emergency department. Although previous reports suggest the use of extracorporeal CPR can improve the clinical outcomes in @entity1 with prolonged @entity1167 , the effectiveness of this novel strategy for @entity2224 is not known. We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity2224 managed with conventional CPR or extracorporeal CPR in our institution. METHOD: This is a retrospective chart review study from an emergency department in a tertiary referral medical center. We identified 209 @entity1 presenting with @entity1167 due to @entity2224 between September 2011 and September 2013. Of these, 60 @entity1 were enrolled with @entity2224 refractory to resuscitation for more than 10min. The clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity2224 received either conventional CPR, including defibrillation, chest compression, and resuscitative medication (C-CPR, n=40) or CPR plus extracorporeal CPR (E-CPR, n=20) were compared. RESULTS: The overall survival rate was 35%, and 18.3% of @entity1 were discharged with good neurological function. The mean duration of CPR was longer in the E-CPR group than in the C-CPR group (69.90  49.6min vs 34.3  17.7min, p=0.0001). @entity1 receiving E-CPR had significantly higher rates of sustained return of spontaneous circulation (95.0% vs 47.5%, p=0.0009), and good neurological function at discharge (40.0% vs 7.5%, p=0.0067). The survival rate in the E-CPR group was higher (50% vs 27.5%, p=0.1512) at discharge and (50% vs 20%, p=0. 0998) at 1 year after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The management of @entity2224 in the emergency department remains challenging, as evidenced by an overall survival rate of 35% in this study. @entity1 with @entity2224 receiving E-CPR had a trend toward higher survival rates and significantly improved neurological outcomes than those receiving C-CPR.

title: Managing XXXX with @entity2224 in the emergency department: Conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation versus extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'refractory ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity8 (PKD), the rate of cyst formation and disease progression is highly variable. The lack of predictability in disease progression may be due to additional environmental factors or pathophysiological processes called "third hits." Diabetes is a growing epidemic, and recent studies suggest that PKD @entity1 may be at an increased risk for this disease. We sought to determine if hyperglycemia enhances the initiation and rate of cystogenesis. @entity440 was administered to adult @entity28365 conditional floxed allele @entity19 to induce cilia loss in the presence of Cre. Subsequent administration of @entity3839 resulted in equivalent hyperglycemia in cilia(+) and cilia(-) @entity19 . Hyperglycemia with loss of cilia increased the rate of cyst formation and cell proliferation. Structural and functional alterations in the kidney, including focal glomerular foot process effacement, interstitial inflammation, formation of primitive renal tubules, polyuria, and increased proteinuria, were also observed in hyperglycemic cilia(-) @entity19 . Gene array analysis indicated enhanced Wnt and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition signaling in the kidney of hyperglycemic cilia(-) @entity19 . These data show that hyperglycemia, in the absence of cilia, results in @entity8 and accelerates cystogenesis, suggesting that diabetes is a risk factor in the progression of PKD.

title: Hyperglycemia in the absence of cilia accelerates cystogenesis and induces XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease', 'renal structural and functional damage']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal damage']


abstract: Potentiation of amylase secretion by the combination of @entity3044 and substance P was examined in perfused @entity35 parotid acinar cells. Combined additions of substance P and @entity3044 evoked biphasic changes in amylase secretion, an initial large peak and the following sustained plateau: the magnitudes of the both responses were higher than the sum of the responses induced by each agonist alone. @entity3044 also increased the maximum response and the apparent affinity (EC50) for substance P to evoke the initial peak response; the EC50 values were about 20 and 0.8 nM, respectively, in the absence and the presence of @entity3044 . On the other hand, 1 nM substance P was sufficient for evoking the maximum potentiation of the sustained plateau response. Substance P did not change the EC50 for @entity3044 . The effect of @entity3044 was mimicked with @entity5393 and agonists that increase parotid @entity1919 . Omission of @entity141 or addition of 5 mM @entity14149 almost completely abolished the potentiation of the sustained plateau, but little decreased that of the initial peak. Depletion of @entity141 in InsP3-sensitive intracellular stores with @entity2426 , on the other hand, decreased the initial peak response, but not the sustained plateau, to substance P. The potentiation was also observed between @entity3044 and @entity141 ionophores. Switching to the solutions containing higher concentrations of @entity141 during the continuous stimulation with @entity3044 or @entity1922 evoked a large, but transient, response of amylase secretion. Time course of changes in amylase secretion induced by @entity3044 and substance P in combination was very similar to that of substance P, but not of @entity3044 . @entity3044 did not enhance the effect of substance P on [ @entity141 ]i. These results show that the potentiation is mainly, if not totally, caused by @entity1919 -induced enhancement of the potency and the efficacy in the pathway regulated by @entity141 .

title: @entity1919 potentiates substance P-induced amylase secretion by augmenting the effect of calcium in the XXXX parotid acinar cells.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity14149 :: ('MESH:C022838', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel chloride']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical symptoms and response evoked by upright tilt-table testing in healthy individuals and in a sample of those satisfying strict criteria for @entity5815 . DESIGN: Case-comparison study with mean (SD) follow-up of 24 (5) weeks. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. @entity1 AND OTHER @entity1 : A sample of 23 @entity1 with @entity5815 (five @entity1 and 18 @entity1 ; mean age, 34 years), each of whom fulfilled the strict diagnostic criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was recruited from regional chronic fatigue support groups and from the investigators' clinical practices. There were 14 healthy controls (four @entity1 and 10 @entity1 ; mean age, 36 years). INTERVENTIONS: Each subject completed a symptom questionnaire and underwent a three-stage upright tilt-table test (stage 1, 45 minutes at 70 degrees tilt; stage 2, 15 minutes at 70 degrees tilt with 1 to 2 micrograms/min of @entity3044 ; and stage 3, 10 minutes at 70 degrees with 3 to 4 micrograms/min of @entity3044 ). @entity1 were offered therapy with @entity7842 , beta-adrenergic blocking agents, and @entity7306 , alone or in combination, directed at neurally mediated @entity551 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response to upright tilt and scores on symptom questionnaires prior to and during follow-up. RESULTS: An abnormal response to upright tilt was observed in 22 of 23 @entity1 with @entity5815 vs four of 14 controls (P < .001). Seventy percent of @entity5815 @entity1 , but no controls, had an abnormal response during stage 1 (P < .001). Nine @entity1 reported complete or nearly complete resolution of chronic @entity5815 after therapy directed at neurally mediated @entity551 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity5815 is associated with neurally mediated @entity551 and that its symptoms may be improved in a subset of @entity1 by therapy directed at this abnormal cardiovascular reflex.

title: The relationship between neurally mediated @entity551 and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome', 'fatigue syndrome symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) is a significant determinant of overall outcome and quality of life in survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Standard initial therapy of @entity2132 is based on prolonged use of @entity288 and a @entity9909 and has not changed for over 3 decades, despite limited efficacy and long-term @entity137 . Rituximab is an attractive agent for the upfront treatment of @entity2132 because of its favorable @entity137 profile, efficacy in @entity479 -refractory @entity2132 , and ability to serve as a @entity479 -sparing agent in @entity792 . We hypothesized that a corticosteroid-free regimen incorporating rituximab would result in improved outcomes when used for the initial treatment of @entity2132 . Twenty-five @entity1 (median age, 56 years; range, 29 to 77) with extensive @entity2132 were enrolled on a prospective phase II trial. Enrollment was limited to @entity1 with first onset extensive @entity2132 requiring systemic immunosuppression and without residual or concurrent @entity2132 . @entity2132 was classified as de novo, interrupted, and progressive in 12, 11, and 2 @entity1 , respectively. @entity2132 severity (National Institutes of Health grade) was mild, moderate, and severe in 3, 14, and 8 @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 received rituximab 375 mg/m(2)  * 4 weekly doses, then 1 dose every 3 months * 4 doses, in addition to @entity618 and either @entity1140 or @entity3446 . No other systemic immunosuppression was permitted, and only a short-course of @entity230 ( <=4 weeks) was allowed at physician discretion; otherwise, treatment was deemed a failure and @entity1 were treated off study. Twenty-two of 25 @entity1 (88%) responded to treatment. Of the 22 responding @entity1 , the median time to maximum response was 161 days (range, 35 to 300 days) with maximum response being complete in 21 of 22 @entity1 and partial in 1 @entity1 . Excluding the 3 @entity1 taken off study for treatment failure, @entity288 were used sparingly, with only 2 @entity1 receiving any @entity230 for a median of 15 days (range, 13 to 18 days). Immunosuppression was discontinued in 17 of 22 evaluable @entity1 (77%) with a median time to discontinuation of 300 days (range, 138 to 488 days). After immunosuppression discontinuation, @entity2132 did recur in 7 @entity1 after a median of 166 days (range, 21 to 393 days), requiring reinstitution of systemic immunosuppression (estimated @entity2132 recurrence rate of 37%). With a median follow-up of 27 months, estimated 2-year overall survival is 82%. This regimen utilizing rituximab in the initial therapy of @entity2132 is effective and avoids the use of @entity288 in the majority of @entity1 . In permitting early discontinuation of immunosuppression while obviating the need for prolonged exposure to systemic @entity288 , this regimen may result in reduced treatment-related morbidity and mortality associated with @entity2132 and its treatment.

title: Corticosteroid-Free Primary Treatment of XXXX Incorporating Rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic graft-versus-host disease', 'cGVHD', 'acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['Chronic Extensive Graft-versus-Host Disease']


abstract: The efficacy of intravenously administered @entity1406 , a cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was evaluated in the treatment of supraventricular @entity591 in 16 @entity1 . The @entity943 that were treated were @entity955 (11 @entity1 ), @entity956 (2 @entity1 ), @entity4710 (2 @entity1 ), and multifocal @entity591 (1 @entity1 ). Mean dose of @entity1406 was 9.5 mg (range: 2-15 mg) administered in one or two separate infusions of up to 7.5 mg each over a cumulative maximum interval of 25 minutes. In the 13 responders (81%), mean ventricular rate decreased from 134 +/- 6 to 106 +/- 7 beats/min 10 minutes after @entity1406 administration and was controlled for 40 to 320 minutes without further therapy. Minimum ventricular rate (98 +/- 6 beats/min) was reached 48 minutes after initiation of @entity1406 . @entity1406 reduced ventricular rate by greater than 15% (decrease of 26-60 beats/min) in 11 (69%) of 16 @entity1 , including 9 (82%) of 11 @entity1 with @entity955 . In two other @entity1 , one with @entity955 and one with @entity4710 , ventricular rate was reduced by greater than 12%. @entity551 , occurring in five @entity1 , was the most frequent side effect but was transient and readily managed. Cardioselective beta-adrenergic blockade by @entity1406 was rapidly effective in controlling ventricular rate in a majority of @entity1 with supraventricular @entity591 and may be of particular use in selected @entity1 with @entity1030 in whom intravenous beta-adrenergic blockade is indicated. @entity551 is an important potential side effect.

title: Efficacy of cardioselective beta-adrenergic blockade with intravenously administered @entity1406 in the treatment of supraventricular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia', 'tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Both total parenteral nutrition and long-term @entity2390 treatment (> 2 months) may induce @entity253 and @entity9279 . However, the lithogenic capacity of the combination of the two treatments in the short-term is unknown. This study was undertaken to evaluate the lithogenic capacity of short-term @entity2390 treatment (< 1 month) in @entity1 with acute @entity788 who are also receiving total parenteral nutrition, and to determine the evolution of @entity1 who develop @entity9279 . METHODOLOGY: Thirty @entity1 with acute @entity788 were studied (21 males, 9 females; average age: 38). All @entity1 received total parenteral nutrition and analgesics. In a double-blind random manner, 15 @entity1 were treated with a continuous subcutaneous administration of @entity2390 (200 micrograms/8 h) and a further 15 @entity1 received placebo. @entity9279 were examined by ultrasonography. An echographic examination of the gallbladder was performed every seven days while the @entity1 were in hospital. They were followed up every month, when another ultrasound of the gallbladder was carried out. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 (53%) developed sludge: ten (67%) from the @entity2390 group and six (33%) from the placebo group (P = 0.29). Two of the @entity1 from the @entity2390 group had @entity31316 (P = 0.34) and a cholecystectomy was required. In the other 14 @entity1 , sludge had disappeared by the time of the check-up performed one month after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity2390 treatment does not increase the risk of developing @entity9279 in @entity1 also receiving total parenteral nutrition. @entity253 formed during total parenteral nutrition and short-term @entity2390 therapy may disappear when @entity1 begin oral intake. Therefore, preventive measures are not required.

title: Effect of short-term XXXX therapy and total parenteral nutrition on the development of @entity253 and @entity9279 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary sludge', 'Biliary sludge']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['microlithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary sludge and/or lithiasis', 'lithiasis', 'biliary sludge and/or lithiasis']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['octreotide']


abstract: The classical G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are characterized by their ability to interact with heterotrimeric G proteins upon activation and by structural features such as seven transmembrane spanning domains. Frizzleds (Fzs) are comparable seven transmembrane receptors (7 TMRs) that are activated via Wnts and play a critical role in embryogenesis, tissue hemostasis and oncogenicity. It remains controversial, however, whether they may be considered GPCRs. Hence, the ten members of Fzs constitute a distinct atypical family of seven-transmembrane receptors. Canonical Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling leads to the core process of @entity3546 stabilization and, ultimately, to the translocation of @entity3546 to the nucleus where it acts as a co-transcription factor and induces Wnt target gene transcription. we have documented that activation by @entity8781 ( @entity8781 ), a classical @entity54295 , recruits dishevelled ( @entity18677 ), an upstream Wnt signaling protein, to mediate @entity3546 stabilization. @entity18677 is selectively bound to activated G(a13) subunit, coupled to @entity8781 following activation. Formation of the @entity8781 -induced @entity18677 -G(a13) axis is carried out independently of Wnt, Fz and the co-receptor @entity15710 (low density lipoprotein-related protein 5/6) since neither siRNA- @entity15710 co-receptors nor the presence of SFRPs; secreted Fz receptor proteins (Wnt antagonists) affect @entity8781 -induced @entity3546 stabilization. Similarly, @entity8781 induced placenta cytotrophoblast physiological invasion process was not affected by inhibiting Wnt, but was abrogated by siRNA- @entity18677 . we propose that @entity18677 serves as a central mediator protein that links classical GPCRs to @entity3546 stabilization in both pathological ( @entity5 ) and physiological (placenta) invasion processes.

title: XXXX as a scaffold protein capturing classical GPCRs.

entities_list: @entity8781 :: ('2149', 'Gene') :: ['PAR(1)', 'proteinase-activated receptor1']

answer: @entity18677 :: (8215,Gene) :: ['DVL']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gastric bypass surgery (GBP) leads to sustained weight loss and significant improvement in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM). @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ), signaling molecules which influence @entity413 metabolism, are a potential mediator for the improvement in T2DM after GBP. This study sought to investigate the effect of GBP on BA levels and composition in individuals with T2DM. METHODS: Plasma BA levels and composition and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19 levels were measured during fasting and in response to an oral @entity413 load before and at 1 month and 2 years post GBP in 13 severely @entity28 @entity1 with T2DM. RESULTS: A striking temporal change in BA levels and composition was observed after GBP. During the fasted state, BA concentrations were generally reduced at 1 month, but increased 2 years post GBP. Postprandial BA levels were unchanged 1 month post GBP, but an exaggerated postprandial peak was observed 2 years after the surgery. A significant increase in the 12a-hydroxylated/non12a-hydroxylated BA ratio during fasting and postprandially at 2 years, but not 1 month, post GBP was observed. Significant correlations between @entity7902 vs @entity30361 , body weight, the incretin effect and @entity1942 (PYY) were also found. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that GBP temporally modifies the concentration and composition of circulating @entity7902 in individuals with T2DM, and suggests that @entity7902 may be linked to the improvement in T2DM after GBP.

title: Temporal changes in bile acid levels and 12a-hydroxylation after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term recurrence rates of greater saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency after treatments for @entity6312 , and to elucidate risk factors for recurrence. METHODS: This was a multicenter retrospective analysis of 376 limbs of 296 @entity1 treated for primary @entity6312 from January 1996 to December 1997. The recurrence-free rates after stripping surgery, saphenofemoral ligation, and sclerotherapy were estimated. The risk factors for the recurrence of @entity6312 were estimated by multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The follow-up period was 3.1+/-1.3 (mean+/-SD) years. The recurrence-free rates at 4 years after stripping, saphenofemoral ligation and sclerotherapy were 80.7%, 64.5%, and 51.3%, respectively. The saphenofemoral ligation group and sclerotherapy group had significantly higher recurrence rates than the stripping group (P=0.002, P<0.001, respectively). There was no difference in recurrence rates between the saphenofemoral ligation group and sclerotherapy group (P=0.074). Logistic regression analysis revealed that being female (P<0.029) and treatment without stripping (P<0.001) increased the recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Stripping surgery may be the treatment of first choice for @entity1 with @entity6312 . @entity1 who have not received stripping surgery and female @entity1 require closer follow-up.

title: Long-term results of treatments for XXXX due to greater saphenous vein insufficiency.

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['primary varicose veins', 'varicose veins due to GSV insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity6312 :: (MESH:D014648,Disease) :: ['varicose veins']


abstract: Cholera toxin is a potent oral mucosal adjuvant for enteric immunization. Several studies suggest that @entity59025 ( @entity59025 ; purified from holotoxin) may be an effective non-toxic alternative for oral immunization. The present study was performed, using an infectious disease model, to determine if the oral mucosal adjuvanticity of @entity12338 is dependent on contaminating holotoxin. @entity19 were orally immunized with @entity2394 sonicate and either cholera holotoxin, @entity59025 or recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB). Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody responses were determined and the @entity19 were challenged with live @entity10331 to determine the degree of protective immunity induced. All orally immunized @entity19 responded with serum IgG antibody titres regardless of the adjuvant used. However, only @entity19 immunized with either holotoxin or the @entity59025 responded with an intestinal mucosal IgA response. Consistent with the production of mucosal antibodies, mice immunized with either holotoxin or @entity59025 as adjuvants were protected from challenge while @entity19 receiving @entity10331 sonicate and rCTB all became infected. @entity59025 induced the accumulation of @entity268 in @entity19 thymocytes at a level equal to 0.1% of that induced by holotoxin, whereas rCTB was devoid of any activity. These results indicate that @entity12338 possesses no intrinsic mucosal adjuvant activity when administered orally. Therefore, when used as an oral adjuvant, @entity12338 should also include small, non-toxic doses of cholera toxin.

title: Recombinant cholera toxin B subunit is not an effective mucosal adjuvant for oral immunization of XXXX against @entity2394 .

entities_list: @entity59025 :: ('12461(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['commercial cholera toxin B subunit', 'cCTB']

entities_list: @entity2394 :: ('214', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter felis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is endemic among Chinese populations in Southeast Asia. However, the outcomes of non-Chinese @entity5 @entity1 in Singapore are not well reported. AIM: To determine if non-Chinese @entity5 @entity1 have a different prognosis and examine the clinical outcomes of @entity5 @entity1 in a multi-ethnic society. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 558 @entity5 @entity1 treated at a single academic tertiary hospital from 2002 to 2012. Survival and recurrence rates were analysed and predictive factors identified using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. RESULTS: Our cohort comprised 409 males (73.3%) and 149 females (26.7%) with a median age of 52 years. There were 476 Chinese (85.3%), 57 Malays (10.2%), and 25 of other ethnic groups (4.5%). Non-Chinese @entity1 were more likely to be associated with advanced @entity66 at initial presentation (p = 0.049), compared with the Chinese. However, there were no statistical differences in their overall survival (OS) or @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (p = 0.934 and p = 0.857 respectively). The 3-year and 5-year cohort OS and @entity66 rates were 79.3%, 70.7%, and 83.2%, 77.4% respectively. Advanced age (p<0.001), N2 disease (p = 0.036), N3 disease (p<0.001), and @entity3 (p<0.001) at presentation were independently associated with poor overall survival. N2 disease (p = 0.032), N3 disease (p<0.001) and @entity3 (p<0.001) were also independently associated with poor @entity66 . No predictive factors were associated with loco-regional recurrence after definitive treatment. Advanced age (p = 0.044), N2 disease (p = 0.033) and N3 disease (p<0.001) were independently associated with distant relapse. CONCLUSION: In a multi-ethnic society in Singapore, non-Chinese are more likely to present with advanced @entity66 . This however did not translate into poorer survival outcomes. Older @entity1 with N2 or N3 disease are associated with a higher risk of distant relapse and poor overall survival.

title: Clinical Outcome among XXXX @entity1 in a Multi-Ethnic Society in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'Nasopharyngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease specific survival', 'DSS', 'nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The article is devoted to the study of clinical and laboratory characteristics of the current of @entity5417 in @entity1 in the Republic of Buryatia. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 27 @entity1 aged 7.6 +/- 4.02 years, who conducted clinical and laboratory tests, immunological study of antiphospholipids of antibodies, genetic testing for @entity49 markers of candidate genes. RESULTS: The results showed that @entity5417 often affects @entity1 of Buryat nationality. In 96% of cases there are mixed clinical forms of the disease. 63% of @entity1 of @entity5417 preceded by various factors, a higher percentage of @entity166 . The first clinical symptom in 63% of @entity1 is a typical @entity4125 hemorrhagic @entity1910 . Results of clinical laboratory blood tests revealed no significant deviations. Circulation of lupus anticoagulant was detected in 37% of subjects. The alphaCL IgM detected in 3 @entity1 , alphabeta2-GP-I IgA--in 4, alphabeta2-GP-I IgM--in 1 @entity1 . Carriers of @entity49 polymorphisms were in 95% of @entity1 . Noted that homozygous variants of genes polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolatered reductase and @entity2289 correlate with the presence of urinary symptoms and recurrence of the @entity1910 . CONCLUSION: The study shows the risk of recurrent flow of @entity5417 and nefritis of Henoch-Schonlein in @entity1 with @entity49 gene polymorphism.

title: [The contribution of genes polymorphism of @entity49 in clinical variability of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity5417 :: (MESH:D011695,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic vasculitis']


abstract: An analysis of 293 victims with cardiac and pericardium injuries was made. @entity299 could appear suddenly and be registered on any stage of treatment process. They differentiated by character and duration of wound process. @entity2396 took place in 288 @entity1 . The syndrome of system @entity32 reaction was noted in 47.9% of @entity1 , a @entity295 (sometimes severe @entity295 ) was in 14.3%. Complications in postoperative period were determined by posthypoxic and hemic @entity519 , @entity1003 . They were manifested by @entity741 and @entity1031 complications. An acute @entity583 took place in 29 (9.8%) cases and rhythm and conductivity abnormalities were in 23 (7.8%) @entity1 . The @entity1457 with clinical picture of @entity3126 was developed in 12 (4.1%) cases. The lethality consisted of 44 (15%) @entity1 .

title: [Complications after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['Pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injuries']


abstract: Conventional analysis of the click-evoked electrocochleogram includes measurement of the amplitudes of the cochlear summating potential (SP) and auditory nerve action potential (AP) to derive the SP/AP amplitude ratio. It is now well documented that an amplitude ratio where SP is elevated relative to AP may be a positive finding for endolymphatic hydrops in @entity1 suspected of having @entity195 ( @entity601 ). However, the incidence of an elevated SP/AP amplitude ratio in the general @entity601 population is only approximately 60%. This relatively low value necessitates efforts to improve the diagnostic sensitivity of electrocochleography (ECochG) for @entity601 . A review of early and more recent literature in this area indicates that consideration of both the amplitude and duration of ECochG components may help to achieve this goal. The present study combined these features to measure the "area" of the SP-AP complex in normal and @entity601 populations. A software routine was used to measure the amplitude x duration area of the SP-AP complex in (a) normally hearing adults with normal SP/AP amplitude ratios (Group 1), (b) confirmed @entity601 @entity1 with elevated SP/AP amplitude ratios (Group 2), and (c) probable @entity601 @entity1 with normal SP/AP amplitude ratios (Group 3). Ninety percent of the confirmed @entity601 @entity1 in Group 2 displayed elevated SP/AP area ratios relative to the normative value established from Group 1. In addition, almost half of the probable @entity601 @entity1 from Group 3 displayed elevated area ratios. These findings indicate that measurement of the SP/AP area ratio holds promise for improving the sensitivity of ECochG in the diagnosis of @entity601 .

title: SP/AP area ratio in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Between September 2013 and July 2014, 2,482 @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were screened in Japan for the @entity15998 substitution in their @entity689 ( @entity689 ) protein, which confers cross-resistance to @entity684 and @entity23217 . We found that a large cluster of the @entity15998 mutant virus occurred prior to the main @entity683 season in Sapporo /: Hokkaido, with the detection rate for this mutant virus reaching 29% in this area. Phylogenetic analysis suggested the clonal expansion of a single mutant virus in Sapporo /: Hokkaido. To understand the reason for this large cluster, we examined the in vitro and in vivo properties of the mutant virus. We found that it grew well in cell culture, comparable to wild-type virus. The cluster virus also replicated well in the upper respiratory tract of ferrets and was transmitted efficiently between ferrets by droplets. Almost all recently circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses including the cluster virus possessed two substitutions in @entity689 , @entity20161 and @entity20162 , known to increase replication and transmission fitness. Structural analysis of @entity689 predicted that a third substitution ( @entity20160 ) in the @entity689 of the cluster virus destabilized the mutant @entity689 structure in the presence of the @entity20161 and @entity20162 substitutions. Our results suggest that the cluster virus retained viral fitness to spread among @entity1 and, accordingly, caused the large cluster in Sapporo/Hokkaido. However, the mutant @entity689 structure was less stable than that of the wild-type virus. Therefore, once the wild-type virus began to circulate in the community, the mutant virus could not compete and faded out.

title: Characterization of a large cluster of @entity683 A(H1N1)pdm09 virus cross-resistant to @entity684 and @entity23217 during the 2013/2014 XXXX season in Japan.

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity23217 :: ('MESH:C414210', 'Chemical') :: ['peramivir']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the long-term effects of an inhaled corticosteroid with those of a @entity4352 modifier on measures of clinical efficacy, subject preference, and safety in @entity1 with persistent @entity565 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between November 17, 1998, and May 26, 2000, we conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group study of @entity1 aged 15 years or older with persistent @entity565 . The @entity1 were symptomatic while taking short-acting @entity2263 -agonists alone and were treated with @entity5023 (88 microg [2 puffs of 44 microg] twice daily) or @entity5203 (10 mg/d) for 24 weeks. Measures of pulmonary function, @entity565 symptoms, @entity3045 use, nighttime awakenings, physician assessments of efficacy, @entity1 satisfaction, @entity565 -related quality of life, and safety were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 522 @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5023 or @entity5203 , and 395 @entity1 completed the study. At end point, treatment with @entity5023 significantly improved pulmonary function, @entity565 symptom scores, the percentage of symptom-free days, rescue @entity3045 use, and the number of nighttime awakenings due to @entity565 when compared with @entity5203 (P< or = .002, each comparison). Significantly more @entity1 were satisfied with @entity5023 therapy (83%) compared with @entity5203 therapy (66%) (P<.001), and @entity5023 therapy was rated as effective by a significantly greater portion of physicians (67%) than was @entity5203 therapy (54%) (P<.001). Treatment with @entity5023 significantly improved @entity565 -related quality-of-life measures compared with @entity5203 (P< or =.01). The incidence of @entity565 exacerbations was similar in the @entity5023 (19 @entity1 , 7%) and @entity5203 (21 @entity1 , 8%) treatment groups, although slightly more @entity1 in the @entity5203 group were withdrawn from the study because of @entity565 exacerbations (6% vs 4%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Long-term treatment with a low dose of inhaled @entity5023 is more effective than oral @entity5203 as first-line maintenance therapy for the treatment of persistent @entity565 .

title: Efficacy and safety of low-dose XXXX compared with @entity5203 for maintenance treatment of persistent @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone propionate']


abstract: The beetle Cucujus clavipes is found in North America over a broad latitudinal range from North Carolina (latitude approximately 35 degrees N) to near tree line in the Brooks Range in Alaska (latitude, approximately 67 degrees 30' N). The cold adaptations of populations from northern Indiana (approximately 41 degrees 45' N) and Alaska were compared and, as expected, the supercooling points (the temperatures at which they froze) of these freeze-avoiding insects were significantly lower in Alaska insects. Both populations produce @entity653 , but the concentrations in Alaska larvae were much higher than in Indiana insects (approximately 2.2 and 0.5 mol l(-1), respectively). In addition, both populations produce antifreeze proteins. Interestingly, in the autumn both populations have the same approximate level of hemolymph thermal hysteresis, indicative of antifreeze protein activity, suggesting that they synthesize similar amounts of antifreeze protein. A major difference is that the Alaska larvae undergo extreme @entity2700 in winter wherein water content decreases from 63-65% body water (1.70-1.85 g @entity2507 g(-1) dry mass) in summer to 28-40% body water (0.40-0.68 g @entity2507 g(-1) dry mass) in winter. These 2.5-4.6-fold reductions in body water greatly increase the concentrations of antifreeze in the Alaska insects. @entity653 concentrations would increase to 7-10 mol l(-1) while thermal hysteresis increased to nearly 13 degrees C (the highest ever measured in any organism) in concentrated hemolymph. By contrast, Indiana larvae do not desiccate in winter. The Alaska population also undergoes a diapause while insects from Indiana do not. The result of these, and likely additional, adaptations is that while the mean winter supercooling points of Indiana larvae were approximately -23 degrees C, those of Alaska larvae were -35 to -42 degrees C, and at certain times Alaska C. clavipes did not freeze when cooled to -80 degrees C.

title: Comparative overwintering physiology of Alaska and Indiana populations of the beetle Cucujus clavipes (Fabricius): roles of antifreeze proteins, polyols, XXXX and diapause.

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol', 'Glycerol']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity344 in suckling piglets, weaners, fattening @entity1707 and sows was studied from November 2001 to October 2002 on 16 free-range farms (FRF), 11 @entity347 ( @entity347 ) and 9 @entity7617 ( @entity7617 ) by means of faecal examinations of composite samples. Each farm was visited four times with a 3-month interval. Infections with coccidia were found on 43.8% of the FRF, 90.9% of the @entity347 and 66.7% of the @entity7617 . Sows had the highest prevalence, particularly on FRF (87.5%) and @entity347 (80%). @entity10130 was present on 50% of the FRF, 72.7% of the @entity347 and 11.1% of the @entity7617 , whereas fattening @entity1707 on FRF (42.9%) and @entity347 (54.5%) had the highest prevalence. Oesophagostomum spp. were observed on 25% of the FRF, 27.2% of the @entity347 and 22.2% of the @entity7617 . The @entity281 was most prevalent in the sows on all farm types: 37.5% on FRF, 30% on @entity347 and 22.2% on @entity7617 . @entity25524 was found on 37.5% of the FRF, 36.4% of the @entity347 and 11.1% of the @entity7617 . Again, this @entity281 was most prevalent in the sows, particularly on the FRF (50%) and @entity347 (30%). No other @entity344 species were found and no clinical signs were observed. No seasonal trends could be distinguished. In many cases, when an age group on a farm was positive for a certain parasite, it remained so during the whole study. This indicates that this parasite was really 'endemic' on that farm. The results of this study demonstrate that the prevalence of helminth infections of @entity1707 on farms with outdoor facilities is higher than in @entity1707 on @entity7617 .

title: A survey of gastrointestinal XXXX parasites on free-range, organic and conventional @entity1707 farms in The Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity7617 :: ('MESH:C563514', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'conventional farms']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites', 'gastrointestinal parasite']

entities_list: @entity25524 :: ('68888', 'Species') :: ['Trichuris suis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic farms', 'OF']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and gene mutation of Chinese @entity1 with @entity3686 ( @entity5427 ). METHOD: From May 2011 to May 2014, clinical and pathological information gathered from 25 @entity1 was retrospectively analyzed. @entity3687 , @entity13999 and @entity19787 genes were analyzed using next-generation sequencing in these @entity1 , and gene mutations of related family members were identified by Sanger method. RESULT: Of these 25 cases, 19(76%) had @entity3686 ( @entity3686 ), 6 had @entity32747 ( @entity32747 ). Twenty five @entity1 had an onset of @entity811 and @entity644 and in 8 cases the disease was induced by @entity1729 . @entity393 was present in 2 of 25 (8%) cases and @entity3217 in 1 of 25 (4%). Renal pathology showed that 16 of them had @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ), 8 mesangial proliferative @entity631 (MsPNG), 1 @entity628 ( @entity628 ). Extensive lamination and split of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) dense layers were found in 2 (8%) of 25 @entity1 . Twenty one of 25 @entity1 (84%) showed abnormal renal a-chain distribution. @entity3687 , @entity13999 and @entity19787 genes of 25 @entity1 (23 families) were analyzed and 24 pathogenic mutations were identified: 18 in @entity3687 , 1 in @entity19787 and 5 in @entity13999 . It was observed that 13 @entity1 inherited the mutation from the mother, 3 @entity1 inherited from the father, 2 @entity1 inherited 1 mutation from the mother and another mutation from the father, and 7 @entity1 carried the novel mutations. CONCLUSION: XL is the main inherited type in @entity5427 . Most of @entity1 showed @entity1987 and MsPNG in renal biopsy. This research examined 24 mutations and 16 mutations were not reported previously.

title: [Features of clinical phenotype and genotype in XXXX : a monocentric study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease', 'MCD']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['XL-AS', 'Alport syndrome', 'X-linked Alport syndromes']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulo-sclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity32747 :: ('MESH:C536587', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive Alport syndromes', 'AR-AS']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport syndrome']


abstract: Objective : @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) is a congenital condition associated with abnormal development of the soft palate musculature. In a proportion of cases, this results in @entity1739 ( @entity1739 ), the treatment for which includes pharyngeal flap surgery, pharyngoplasty, and palate reconstruction. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is superiority of one or more types of surgical procedure over the others in improving speech in @entity1 with @entity1739 secondary to @entity2419 . Methodology : Nine databases, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, were searched between inception and January 2013 to identify articles published relating to the surgical management of @entity2419 . Only studies that reported outcome measures for postoperative speech were included in the systematic review. Results : Twenty-six studies analyzing the outcomes of surgery for @entity1739 in @entity1 with @entity2419 met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, speech outcomes were measured either in a binary fashion (i.e., normal speech or evidence of @entity1739 ) or using scales of @entity1739 severity. Of the 26 studies, only two utilized blinded speech assessment, and 12 included both preoperative and postoperative speech assessment. Conclusions : The review found little evidence to support any specific surgical intervention. This is in large part due to the inclusion of mixed etiologies within study populations and the lack of unbiased validated preoperative and postoperative speech assessment. Further methodologically rigorous studies need to be conducted to provide a secure evidence base for the surgical management of @entity2419 .

title: XXXX : a systematic review of surgical management based on perceptual and instrumental analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['VPI', 'velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['Submucous cleft palate', 'SMCP']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Submucous cleft palate']


abstract: A case of a rare entity, @entity358 that metastasized to a peribronchial lymph node, is reported. The @entity1 , a 38-year-old @entity1 , underwent a right pneumonectomy for @entity454 caused by @entity4595 , chronic @entity3617 , and @entity3794 . No @entity5 were detected on radiologic or on gross examination of the lung. Microscopically, multiple tumorlets were identified in the fibrotic @entity358 . Five peribronchial lymph nodes were found and appeared grossly normal. A microscopic focus of metastatic @entity5 , histologically identical to the @entity358 , was discovered in one of these nodes. This @entity3 was identified only because a diligent search for peribronchial lymph nodes was undertaken, and because sections of each node were obtained. Pathologists usually do not extensively examine peribronchial lymph nodes in cases of chronic inflammatory disease of the lung, even when small tumorlets are discovered as incidental findings, because it is presumed that the tumorlets have not metastasized. As shown by our case, this presumption is not always correct. Pulmonary tumorlets may metastasize to peribronchial lymph nodes more frequently than has been previously recognized.

title: Carcinoid tumorlets of the lung with XXXX to a peribronchial lymph node. Report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma', 'pulmonary tumorlets']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage lung disease']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) may be preceded by dramatic events leading to permanent @entity16 . Plasma @entity2281 protein levels are proved to be clinically useful in predicting neurological outcome following @entity1167 . It is unclear, however, whether this may be extrapolated to a broader population of ICU @entity1 . AIM: To assess the utility of plasma @entity2281 protein in predicting @entity204 , permanent @entity16 , or unfavourable outcome at admission to the intensive care unit. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The concentration of plasma @entity2281 protein was established in 102 @entity1 on admission to the ICU, regardless of their neurological status and the reason for admission. The majority of @entity1 were admitted with various @entity299 , excluding @entity130 @entity1 . The @entity1 were classified into three groups with the following binary outcomes: permanent @entity51 or restoration of consciousness; unfavourable outcome ( @entity204 or survival with permanent @entity51 ) or favourable outcome; and @entity204 or survival. RESULTS: Plasma @entity2281 protein levels at admission facilitated the identification of @entity1 who later developed a permanent @entity51 or regained consciousness (p < 0.0001). All @entity1 with plasma @entity2281 protein over 0.532  g/l at ICU admission either developed a permanent @entity51 or had an unfavourable outcome ( @entity204 or survival with permanent @entity51 ). However, sensitivity for this cut-off value was only 48% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity2281 protein levels over 0.532  g/l are specific but not sensitive for both permanent @entity51 and unfavourable outcome when assessed in a heterogeneous population at admission to the ICU.

title: Utility of serum concentration of protein XXXX at admission to the medical intensive care unit in prediction of permanent @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2281 :: (6271,Gene) :: ['S100']