abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of conservative treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. METHOD: A prospective open study of @entity1 with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. The diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography examination. Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and at 1, 3 and 6 months. @entity158 and handicap intensity were measured by a visual analogue scale, by the algo-functional Constant score, by articular mobility and, finally, by the resumption of daily and/or professional activities. Successful treatment was considered with a @entity158 score<or=20, a VAS handicap score<or=20, and a Constant score>or=80. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 , mean age 59 years, with full-thickness rotator cuff tears for 9 months, on average, were included in the study. The parameters of @entity158 function and handicap improved significantly since the end of treatment. The Constant score improved greatly, from 44.8 before treatment to 71.8 at the end of treatment and 74.2 at 6 months. This improvement continued until 3 months after treatment. The rate of success was 75% at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Despite the small sample size, our study confirm that rehabilitation should always be performed before a decision of surgical repair.

title: [Conservative management of full-thickness rotator cuff tears. A prospective study of 24 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'VAS pain', 'Pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether thallium-201 ((201)Tl) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could supplement magnetic resonance (MR) imaging diagnostic information by visual comparison of two separate data sets from @entity1 with ring-like contrast-enhanced @entity75 . METHODS: A combination of MR imaging and (201)Tl brain SPECT sets obtained from 13 @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) ranging in age from 26 years to 86 years (mean 61.0 years) were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 12 @entity1 had a solitary lesion, and the others had @entity75 . All but two intracranial foci were pathologically confirmed. The final diagnoses were six @entity463 , two cerebral metastases from @entity2 , and one each of @entity733 , resolving @entity1410 , @entity149 , @entity3252 , and radiation @entity39 . The two separate image formats (MR images and SPECT) were shown to ten readers with practical experience. All of the MR images for each @entity1 were shown to each reader first. After interpreting them, the readers were shown the SPECT images. Images were scored in terms of how benign or malignant the foci were on a 5-point scale from "definitely benign" to "definitely malignant." RESULTS: The improvement in the performance of all ten readers was from 67.7% to 93.8% in mean accuracy (P = 0.0028) and from 0.730 to 0.971 in mean Az value (P = 0.0069) after they were shown the (201)Tl brain SPECT images. CONCLUSIONS: (201)Tl brain SPECT should substantially increase confidence in the diagnosis of @entity1504 with ring-like contrast enhancement when MR imaging does not permit differentiation between benign and @entity5 .

title: Does supplementation of contrast MR imaging with thallium-201 brain SPECT improve differentiation between benign and malignant ring-like contrast-enhanced XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions', 'cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesions']


abstract: @entity1466 rarely occur outside the gonads or @entity44 . We report a @entity189 of the endometrium with a choriocarcinomatous component and review of the literature. A 61-year-old @entity1 underwent hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a @entity189 with choriocarcinomatous component. Immunohistochemistry showed a strong @entity876 staining of the serous component and the cytotrophoblastic cells of the choriocarcinomatous component; the syncytiotrophoblast was negative. The initial serum human chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ) was 225,000 IU/L. Postoperatively, the @entity1 developed @entity358 . Despite chemotherapy, the @entity1 died 2 months after initial diagnosis. Abstracting the data from the reported cases and from the literature, it can be assumed that 2 different @entity5 types exist. The first one is morphologically and clinically more related to the @entity7132 with strongly elevated serum @entity3566 levels, early onset of (distant) metastatic disease, and consecutively rapid and often fatal clinical course. The second type presents as an @entity1204 with single syncytiotrophoblast-like cells, associated with low serum @entity3566 , no distant metastatic disease, and, consequently, a better prognosis. The prognostically relevant component for long-time survival in the latter variant is the nontrophoblastic component.

title: @entity189 of the endometrium with choriocarcinomatous differentiation: a case report and review of the literature indicate the existence of 2 prognostically relevant XXXX types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7132 :: ('MESH:D031954', 'Disease') :: ['gestational choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['Nongestational choriocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: We investigated the clinical characteristics and coronary risk factors of Chinese @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) having low serum concentrations of both low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) and total @entity165 (TC). Of 1,450 @entity1 with suspected @entity453 (age range, 30-92 years; 948 @entity1 and 502 @entity1 ), 760 had established @entity453 . The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to lipid profile patterns. Group 1 @entity1 (n = 138) had low LDL-C concentrations (< 100 mg/dL) and low TC concentrations (< 160 mg/dL). They were characterized by lower @entity412 concentrations, lower frequencies of high TC/high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) ratios (> 5) and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios (> 5), and lower frequencies of a family history of @entity453 and @entity28 . Group 3 @entity1 (n = 610) had LDL-C concentrations of 130 mg/dL or above and TC concentrations of 200 mg/dL or above, much higher than in group 1. The prevalence of @entity453 was 41.3% (57/138) in group 1. 46.7% (328/702) in group 2, and 61.5% (375/610) in group 3. Groups with higher TC and LDL-C concentrations had a higher @entity453 prevalence. Coronary risk factors of group 1 @entity1 appeared to be low HDL-C concentration, high TC/HDL-C ratio, advanced age, cigarette smoking, @entity101 , and @entity6 . Among these risk factors, HDL-C and @entity101 were independent predictors of @entity453 . Unlike in the other two groups, @entity101 was the only independent nonlipid risk factor. We conclude that in therapy or prevention of @entity453 , the goals should be to reduce LDL-C concentration to below 100 mg/dL and the TC concentration to below 160 mg/dL. However, other risk factors should also be considered.

title: Clinical characteristics and coronary risk factors of @entity1 with low concentrations of serum low-density lipoprotein XXXX and total @entity165 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Commercial preparations of intranasal @entity12742 gel are marketed as a remedy for the common cold. However, intranasal @entity219 has been reported as a cause of @entity4838 in @entity1 and animals. Seventeen @entity1 presenting with @entity4838 after the use of intranasal @entity12742 are described. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective case series of @entity1 presenting to a nasal dysfunction clinic and conducted complete history and physical examination on all @entity1 , including nasal endoscopy. All @entity1 underwent detailed odor threshold and identification testing. RESULTS: Threshold and identification testing revealed impaired olfaction in all @entity1 . Inflammatory and traumatic causes of @entity4838 were excluded based on history, physical examination, and imaging. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity219 -induced @entity4838 or @entity9905 reported sniffing deeply when applying the gel. This was followed by an immediate sensation of burning lasting minutes to hours. Loss of sense of smell was then perceived within 48 hours. Seven of 17 @entity1 never developed symptoms of an upper @entity1729 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity219 -induced @entity4838 , characterized by squirt, sniff, burn, and @entity4838 , occurs after the exposure of olfactory epithelium to @entity219 cation. It can be distinguished from postviral @entity4838 based on history.

title: Intranasal @entity219 and @entity4838 : the XXXX -induced @entity4838 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity12742 :: ('MESH:C030691', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc gluconate']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['anosmia syndrome', 'anosmia']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Intracellular current clamp recordings were obtained from mossy cells (n = 6, identified by intracellular injection of biocytin) of the dorsal dentate gyrus from @entity35 under @entity3652 - @entity4763 anesthesia. During electroencephalographic theta rhythm (4-6 Hz), recorded with a macroelectrode placed in the contralateral dorsal hippocampus near the fissure, mossy cells displayed intracellular membrane potential oscillations at low frequencies (4-6 Hz) which appeared to be phase locked to the electroencephalographic theta rhythm. The frequency of the intracellular theta rhythm was independent of the membrane potential. However, the phase difference between the intracellular and the electroencephalographic theta rhythms as well as the amplitude of the intracellular theta oscillations were voltage-dependent. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that rhythmic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials contribute to the genesis of the intracellular theta rhythm. Indeed, mossy cells displayed an early, fast inhibitory postsynaptic potential in response to electrical stimulation of the entorhinal cortex, which most likely represents a GABAA receptor-mediated event, indicating that mossy cells possess functional GABAA receptors. At the resting membrane potential, mossy cells did not fire at each cycle of the electroencephalographic theta rhythm but fired only rarely (< 1 Hz). However, when they did fire they did so preferentially in phase with the peak positivity of the electroencephalographic theta rhythm. Reconstruction of two mossy cells with axonal projections to the inner molecular layer showed that the spatial extent of the influence such weakly discharging mossy cells may have on other dentate gyrus neurons during theta oscillations can be several millimeters in the septotemporal direction. In conclusion, these findings show that mossy cells of the @entity35 hilus during @entity3652 - @entity4763 anesthesia participate in theta oscillations of the hippocampal formation, during which their low-frequency firing may contribute to the phase-locking of a large number of spatially distributed postsynaptic neurons with postsynaptic sites in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus.

title: The behavior of mossy cells of the XXXX dentate gyrus during theta oscillations in vivo.

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity548 has been demonstrated to alter the myelopoietic response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. @entity3692 has been shown to improve the immune response following experimental @entity1457 and injury; however, its effect on myelopoiesis is controversial. This study was performed to determine whether treatment with @entity3692 will improve the @entity236 response to lipopolysaccharide after @entity548 . @entity35 subjected to either @entity1457 or a sham procedure were allocated into three groups: (1) control @entity35 received no further treatment; (2) lipopolysaccharide-treated @entity35 received saline for 3 days and then were challenged with lipopolysaccharide to stimulate myelopoiesis; and (3) interferon-treated @entity35 received @entity3692 (7500 U subcutaneously 1 hour after @entity1457 and then every day for 3 days) and lipopolysaccharide as in group 2. Serum colony-stimulating factor levels were measured 6 hours and @entity236 white blood cell count and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) were measured 24 hours following lipopolysaccharide administration. In sham-treated @entity35 , lipopolysaccharide increased CFU-GM 77% compared with controls. In contrast, treatment with lipopolysaccharide decreased CFU-GM 43% following @entity1457 . Treatment with @entity3692 increased CFU-GM in all animals and reversed the decline in CFU-GM seen in shocked lipopolysaccharide-treated animals. Serum colony-stimulating factor levels were unaffected by either @entity1457 or @entity3692 administration. These data demonstrate that @entity3692 exerts a stimulatory effect on @entity236 following @entity1457 and restores the myelopoietic response to lipopolysaccharide.

title: @entity3692 reverses XXXX inhibition following @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity3692 :: ('25712(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'Interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow']


abstract: According to criteria established to define @entity1 with @entity9927 , the airway management of all victims of smoke and burns (1974 to 1984; n = 805) was reviewed. Fourteen percent of all @entity1 were intubated (n = 117); @entity1 intubated on the day of injury (n = 41) were more likely to extubate themselves or have technical problems with the endotracheal tube. Twelve percent of @entity1 with @entity9927 without burns required endotracheal intubation versus 62% of those with burns. An endotracheal tube was required for a median of 5 days. Tracheotomies were performed in 48 @entity1 : 40% of those intubated and 6% of all @entity1 . The mean postburn day for tracheotomy was day 15. There was no difference in the mortality rate for @entity1 with an endotracheal tube only and those who had a tracheotomy as well: 42% and 37%, respectively. The prolonged length of stay for @entity1 with a tracheotomy relates to the severity of the burn. Tracheotomy was not the cause of @entity204 in any @entity1 . The strategy of grafting the neck before tracheotomy was used successfully in eight @entity1 .

title: XXXX and airway management at a regional burn unit: 1974 to 1983. II. Airway management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation']

answer: @entity9927 :: (MESH:D015208,Disease) :: ['Smoke inhalation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This report presents long-term follow-up data from a prospective but unrandomized trial of a continuous 3.5-week course of accelerated radiation treatment (ART) used as primary treatment for @entity1 with loco-regionally advanced @entity135 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-three @entity1 in three centres in New Zealand and Australia were treated with ART (59.40 Gy in 33 fractions over 24-25 days). Their disease originated from three anatomical regions (oral cavity, 35 @entity1 ; pharynx, 31 @entity1 ; larynx, 27 @entity1 ). Seventy-nine of these @entity1 had stage III or IV @entity5 . RESULTS: Follow-up ranged from 68 to 203 months (median 139 months). Loco-regional (LR) failure occurred in 52 @entity1 leading to a 10-year actuarial expectation of LR control of 38%. The actuarial expectation of LR control at 10 years was highly dependent on stage and for stage III, @entity3480 and @entity17053 @entity1 it was 57+/-8.1%, 32+/-1.7% and 7+/-0.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis could not confirm an independent impact of primary site or histological differentiation on LR failure. Two @entity1 died of acute @entity137 of treatment and six @entity1 developed grade 3/4 late complications affecting soft tissues only, yielding an actuarial expectation of complications of this severity at 5 years of 9%. No cases of @entity7190 or @entity4685 were observed. CONCLUSION: This ART, which has proved easy to use at a number of large and small centres, has produced encouraging long-term LR control at a cost of limited soft tissue morbidity.

title: Long-term results of accelerated radiation treatment for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the addition of @entity2176 and @entity801 to the irrigating solutions during phacoemulsification with lens implantation reduces the incidence of positive postoperative intraocular cultures. DESIGN: Two-part double-masked, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : In the preliminary study, intracameral antibiotic concentrations were measured immediately after surgery (in 10 eyes) and 2 hours after surgery (in 10 eyes) in @entity1 treated with antibiotics. In the primary study, 120 eyes underwent uncomplicated surgery. The treatment group and the placebo group were composed of 60 eyes each. INTERVENTION: The treatment group received @entity2176 , 20 micrograms/mL, and @entity801 , 8 micrograms/mL, in the irrigating fluid. The placebo group received only irrigating fluid. All @entity1 in the primary study underwent anterior chamber @entity1173 following surgery, and culturing was performed 2 hours later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Identification and quantification of positive cultures in thioglycolate broth and @entity6353 agar. RESULTS: In the preliminary study, the half-life of both intraocular antibiotics was less than 2 hours. In the primary study, intraocular aspirates yielded positive cultures in 3 specimens (5.0%) in the antibiotic-treated group and in 7 specimens (12.0%) in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found a higher rate of positive postoperative cultures in the placebo group (odds ratio = 2.51), 2 hours of contact between the antibiotic solution and bacteria did not produce results that reached statistical significance (P =.18) to support adding @entity2176 and @entity801 to the irrigating solutions during phacoemulsification. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of using antibiotics in irrigating solutions.

title: Postoperative contamination after using XXXX and @entity801 during phacoemulsification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics of @entity3036 with @entity6197 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was done in 24 in- @entity1 cases of @entity3036 with @entity6197 in Mnazimmoja Hospital of Zanzibar from Jul. 1995-Oct. 1998. All had varying degrees of @entity772 , high fever and @entity410 with @entity417 and splenomeguly. In all cases, malarial parasitein in blood smear was positive and underwent anti- @entity311 treatment, anti-eclamptic @entity410 treatment and complex treatment for the prevention of complications, so that 20 of them could terminate pregnancy rapidly. RESULTS: 17 @entity1 were conscious 2-3 days after complex treatment. Their vital signs were gradually stable and pregnancy termination was smooth. 7 @entity1 died, 4 of them due to complicated with @entity57020 and @entity177 , one with @entity177 , postpartum @entity548 and @entity13424 respectively. The number of @entity5617 , @entity2209 and live births was 8, 7 and 9 respectively. CONCLUSION: Eclampsia with @entity6197 is an acute and dangerous obstetrical disease. Complex therapy, we think, should be given mainly to the @entity1 . Termination of pregnancy is the key to effective cure of the disease.

title: [Clinical study on 24 cases of XXXX with @entity6197 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity57020 :: ('MESH:D001742', 'Disease') :: ['blackwater fever']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity13424 :: ('MESH:D011645', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'cardiopneumatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal deaths']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is a disorder that @entity1118 . A 28-year-old male visited an outpatient department due to general @entity1295 and @entity158 involving the entire body. He did not suffer from @entity239 , but he was diagnosed with @entity5815 . At the initial visit, he complained of lack of concentration, memory decline, frequent urination, @entity22 and occasional difficulty of emotional control, as well as general @entity1295 and @entity158 involving the entire body. Four tablets of Neurotropin per day alone were administered. General @entity1295 and @entity158 were gradually alleviated one week later. His @entity25 , concentration power, and memory also improved two weeks later. Medication was discontinued from 11 weeks based on the @entity1 's judgment as he felt @entity1295 and @entity158 involving the entire body. Treatment was completed 3 months later. The symptoms disappeared and did not recur five months after the discontinuation of @entity55967 . He was looking for a job without @entity1295 and @entity158 8 months later (5 months after the cessation of treatment). The functional mechanisms of Neurotropin in @entity5815 are unknown.

title: Efficacy of neurotropin in XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['little general fatigue', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity55967 :: ('MESH:C010491', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurotropin']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['causes general fatigue and chronic widespread pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep condition']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The concept of overreduction of the posterior annulus was applied in surgical treatment of @entity179 . METHODS: From April 1993 to November 2004, 141 @entity1 underwent overreduction of the posterior annulus of the mitral valve in mitral valve repair for @entity179 . Mean scallop involvement per @entity1 was 2.3 and increased to 3.0 in the last period. Correction of the prolapse of the posterior leaflet included resection with focal sliding (n = 100), or application of artificial chordae (n = 28), with (n = 11) or without (n = 17) plication of one or more scallops. The anterior leaflet prolapse was corrected with edge-to-edge technique (n = 20) or chordal replacement (n = 28). An overreducting ring, 40 (n = 81) or 50 (n = 60) mm long (autologous pericardium in 64 cases and Sovering Miniband [Sorin, Saluggia, Italy] in 77) was used in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: Three @entity1 died in the early period (2.1%) and 3 (2.1%) were reoperated on from 3 to 24 months due to @entity884 (2 cases) and failure of repair (1 case). Ten-year freedom from death any cause was 91.6%, from reoperation 96.4%, from death any cause and reoperation 87.7%, from death any cause, reoperation, and New York Heart Association class III-IV 79.8%. Sixty-four @entity1 out of 68 who survived more than 2 years (94.1%) at a mean follow up of 4.2 +/- 2.5 years had no or 1+ residual @entity339 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the complexity of mitral valve repair for @entity179 increased, results of surgery remained stable. Apposition of a posterior overreductive ring was useful to cover any mistake performed during the correction.

title: Overreduction of the posterior annulus in surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease', 'degenerative mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['degenerative mitral regurgitation']


abstract: The replicator region of composite plasmid pTAV1 of @entity38622 versutus (included in mini-replicon pTAV320) belongs to the family of repABC replicons commonly found in plasmids harbored by Agrobacterium and Rhizobium spp. The repABC replicons encode three genes clustered in an operon, which are involved in partitioning (repA and @entity54236 ) and replication (repC). In order to localize the partitioning site of pTAV320, the two identified incompatibility determinants of this mini-replicon (inc1, located in the intergenic sequence between @entity54236 and repC; and inc2, situated downstream of the repC gene) were PCR amplified and used together with purified @entity54236 fusion protein (homologous to the type B partitioning proteins binding to the partitioning sites) in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The protein bound only inc2, forming two complexes in a protein concentration-dependent manner. The inc2 region contains two long (14-bp) repeated sequences (R1 and R2). Disruption of these sequences completely eliminates @entity54236 binding ability. R1 and R2 have sequence similarities with analogous repeats of another repABC replicon of plasmid pPAN1 of @entity38622 DSM 82.5 and with centromeric sequences of the @entity3881 chromosome. Excess @entity54236 protein resulted in destabilization of the inc2-containing plasmid in @entity526 . On the other hand, the inc2 region could stabilize another unstable replicon in P. versutus when RepA and @entity54236 were delivered in trans, proving that this region has centromere-like activity. Thus, it was demonstrated that repA, @entity54236 , and inc2 constitute a functional system for active partitioning of pTAV320.

title: Identification of the partitioning site within the repABC-type replicon of the composite XXXX versutus plasmid pTAV1.

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity38622 :: ('82367', 'Species') :: ['Paracoccus pantotrophus', 'Paracoccus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity38622 :: (82367,Species) :: ['Paracoccus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare health related quality of life (HR-QoL) in @entity1 surgically treated for @entity298 to that of a healthy population. And to prospectively identify factors associated with poorer (lower) HR-QoL. DESIGN: A prospective cohort of @entity298 @entity1 was mailed the EQ-5D and EQ-VAS 6-months following initial laparotomy. SETTING: Multicenter study in two academic and seven regional teaching hospitals. @entity1 : 130 of the 155 eligible @entity1 (84%) responded to the HR-QoL questionnaires. RESULTS: HR-QoL was significantly worse on all dimensions in @entity298 @entity1 than in a healthy reference population. Peritonitis characteristics at initial presentation were not associated with HR-QoL at six months. A more complicated course of the disease leading to longer hospitalization times and @entity1 with an enterostomy had a negative impact on the mobility (p = 0.02), self-care (p < 0.001) and daily activities: (p = 0.01). In a multivariate analysis for the EQ-VAS every doubling of hospital stay decreases the EQ-VAS by 3.8 points (p = 0.015). Morbidity during the six-month follow-up was not found to be predictive for the EQ-5D or EQ-VAS. CONCLUSION: Six months following initial surgery, @entity1 with @entity298 report more problems in HR-QoL than a healthy reference population. Unfavorable disease characteristics at initial presentation were not predictive for poorer HR-QoL, but a more complicated course of the disease was most predictive of HR-QoL at 6 months.

title: Health related quality of life six months following surgical treatment for XXXX --using the EQ-5D questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['secondary peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['secondary peritonitis']


abstract: A study was undertaken to determine whether the cellular viability of the liver graft and posttransplantation outcome could the assessed by the graft energy status or change in water content prior to the transplantation procedure. These measurements were performed in a @entity35 liver transplantation model. In a first set of experiments, the time for 50% survival of grafts preserved with UW solution or saline solution was determined. Grafts preserved with UW solution could be cold-stored for 19.9 h and grafted with a 50% success rate. The corresponding figure for saline-preserved grafts was 6.2 h. The energy status and water content of liver grafts preserved with UW solution for 19.9 h and livers preserved with saline solution for 6.2 h were compared. There were significant differences between livers preserved with UW solution and saline solution for @entity855 (p < 0.01), total @entity3211 (p < 0.05), @entity855 / @entity857 (p < 0.05) and energy charge levels (p < 0.05). @entity855 concentrations in the donor livers did not decrease significantly during cold storage when the success rate decreased from 100 to 0% after liver transplantation. The livers preserved with @entity1219 solution took up water during preservation. In contrast, the water content was reduced slightly in the livers preserved with UW solution and the differences were significant at all times. During cold storage using either the UW solution or saline solution for preservation, there were no significant time-related changes in the water content of the liver graft when the posttransplantation success rate decreased from 100 to 0% after liver transplantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Failure of adenine nucleotide and water content of cold-stored XXXX livers to serve as graft viability indices for transplantation.

entities_list: @entity3211 :: ('MESH:D000227', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotides']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity737 ( @entity737 ) is an established method of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) prevention. The value of @entity737 therapy in secondary prevention of @entity1164 is unquestionable. Precise identification of high-risk @entity1 and @entity737 use for primary prevention of @entity1164 , especially in @entity1 with @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), remain controversial. Problems include the high prevalence of complications associated with @entity737 implantation and optimal selection of ICDs. AIM: To estimate the frequency and type of complications after @entity737 implantations in @entity1121 @entity1 in a long-term follow-up. METHOD: The efficacy and safety of @entity737 therapy were estimated in 46 @entity1121 @entity1 with devices implanted for a secondary (n-18) or primary prevention (n-28) of @entity1164 . RESULTS: During the mean follow-up period of 28.2+/-26.1 months (from 2 to 68) appropriate @entity737 interventions occurred in 10 (55%) @entity1 of the secondary prevention group and in 3 (10%) @entity1 of the primary prevention group. Complications were documented in 15 (33%) @entity1 . The most frequent were inappropriate @entity737 interventions recorded in 14 (30%) @entity1 . The causes of these inappropriate @entity737 shocks were: T-wave oversensing (7 @entity1 ), @entity955 with rapid ventricular rhythm (3 @entity1 ), lead failure (2 @entity1 ), and @entity7129 (2 @entity1 ). In two @entity1 infections of the @entity737 pocket requiring removal of the system occurred. Displacement of the lead occurred in one @entity1 . There were no significant differences in the prevalence of complications between the primary and secondary prevention groups or in the number of inappropriate interventions with respect to @entity737 type. CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of appropriate @entity737 shocks provides proof of high @entity737 -based @entity1164 prevention efficacy. There is a high rate of complications observed after @entity737 implantation with inappropriate interventions being the most frequent among them. This indicates that careful programming of the device as well as the use of a programme with T-wave oversensing prevention should be ensured.

title: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in XXXX with @entity1121 -- dilemmas and difficulties.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity573 can result in the development of large @entity574 that may persist. Abciximab, a platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor, is associated with resolution of thrombi and vascular remodeling in adults with @entity1187 . The purpose of this study was to compare changes in @entity439 diameter at early follow-up in @entity1 who had @entity573 and received abciximab in addition to standard therapy with those who were treated with standard therapy alone. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity573 and large @entity439 were divided into 2 groups on the basis of acute therapy: 1) abciximab in addition to standard therapy and 2) standard therapy alone. Echocardiograms were reviewed for @entity574 (lumen diameter 1.5 times that of the adjacent vessel). Maximum @entity439 diameter was determined during the acute/subacute phase of @entity573 (<6 weeks) and at early follow-up (4-6 months). Regression of the @entity439 was defined as a decrease in lumen diameter, and resolution was defined as normalization of the vessel. RESULTS: Six @entity1 had 20 @entity439 in the abciximab group, and 9 @entity1 had 30 @entity439 in the standard therapy group. Early follow-up data were available for 19 of the 20 @entity439 in the abciximab group and 19 of the 30 @entity439 in the standard therapy group. @entity1 who were treated with abciximab demonstrated greater regression in @entity439 size at early follow-up than @entity1 who were treated with standard therapy alone (percentage decrease: 41 +/- 19% vs 17 +/- 27%). In the abciximab group, 68% (13 of 19) of @entity439 resolved at early follow-up compared with 35% (7 of 19) in the standard therapy group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who were treated with abciximab demonstrated greater regression in @entity439 diameter at early follow-up than @entity1 who received standard therapy alone. These findings suggest that treatment with abciximab may promote vascular remodeling in this population and warrants further study.

title: Does Abciximab enhance regression of @entity574 resulting from XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysms', 'coronary artery aneurysms']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Heschl's gyrus (HG) is functionally involved in the genesis of @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ). This dysfunction seems to be structurally facilitated. The aim of the study was to analyze macrostructural features of HG in a group of @entity1 reporting @entity1833 who demonstrated white matter diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities reported previously. METHODS: 3-D anatomical MR scans were obtained ( @entity1 with and without history of @entity1833 , controls). HG was delineated by manual segmentation. Cortical folding, absolute and relative volumes, laterality were analyzed. RESULTS: According to the literature, in the collapsed group of @entity1 , the normal left-greater-than-right laterality of HG was attenuated. We found a trend towards a higher number of duplicated HG in @entity1833 @entity1 . We also found a bigger volume of HG in the right hemisphere in @entity1833 @entity1 . This effect was caused by gray and white matter increase. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study on manual volumetry of HG in a group of @entity161 @entity1 with @entity1833 compared to @entity1 without @entity1833 . In a previous analysis of the diffusion tensor imaging data of the here presented sample, we found higher directionality of the arcuate fasciculus in @entity1 with @entity1833 , facilitating abnormal co-activation in the auditory cortices in the @entity1833 brain. As these abnormal activations are frequent in @entity1833 @entity1 , the here described volume increase of HG might be interpreted as compensatory plastic adaptations of the contralateral regions. We suggest that this volume increase of HG is caused by the symptomatology and not by the underlying disorder of @entity161 .

title: Structural analysis of Heschl's gyrus in @entity161 XXXX with auditory hallucinations.

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['AVH', 'auditory verbal hallucinations', 'hallucinating']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the occurrence in @entity101 @entity1 of new subclinical changes in the brain by serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: MRI was performed serially in 98 @entity101 subjects without @entity51 at least once a year for 3 years. All received antihypertensive medicines Blood pressure, serum lipids, @entity6 , body mass index (BMI), and other clinical factors were correlated with results. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 had unchanged MRI findings, while 19 developed @entity75 (silent @entity1188 and etat cribl   in 3, silent @entity1188 in 9, and etat cribl   in 7). Follow-up systolic blood pressures were significantly higher than individual baselines in the unchanged group, while the follow-up diastolic blood pressures in the new lesion group were significantly lower than in the unchanged group. BMI was significantly lower in the new lesion group. Follow-up HbA1c levels in both groups were significantly higher than at baseline. @entity6 was significantly more frequent in the new lesion group than in the unchanged group. No significant differences were apparent in serum lipids level, prescribed antihypertensive medications, and other potential risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: New subclinical MRI changes in @entity101 subjects occurred relatively frequently (19 of 98 subjects, or 19.4%). An excessive @entity551 , @entity6 , and low BMI emerged as candidate risk factors for these changes.

title: Subclinical @entity75 accumulation on serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1 with XXXX : risk factors.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['new lesions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A 70-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity472 and regurgitation and @entity997 was admitted to our hospital. At the operation, the right atrium and both ventricles were dilated, and a thrill was felt over the aortic root and right atrium. The aortic valve was bicuspid and heavily calcified. After aortic leaflets were resected, a defect was seen in the left ventricle. Then the right atrium was opened. The defect was located in the atrioventricular membranous septum just above the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. The defect was diagnosed to be a @entity1002 (group I according to Riemenschneider's classification). The defect was repaired directly and then the aortic valve was replaced with a prosthesis. After the operation, the heart murmur disappeared. Eleven days after the operation, the @entity1 developed a transient complete @entity713 for a month.

title: [An operative case of XXXX complicated with @entity472 and regurgitation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular-right atrial communication']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['left ventricular-right atrial communication']


abstract: There are sex differences in the occurrence of @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in @entity694 . Taken together with the epidemiological evidence that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, less consistently, parity, are inversely associated with @entity694 , it has been hypothesized that @entity172 are associated with @entity124 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific differences in the prevalence of @entity124 in @entity694 and to determine whether reproductive history and hormonal exposures are associated with @entity124 . Using data from a population-based case-control study of 1836 cases with @entity124 data and 2410 population-based controls, we evaluated sex, reproductive factors, and hormone exposure in relation to the presence or absence of @entity124 in @entity5 . @entity124 was evaluated by a panel of 10 tetranucleotide repeats, the noncoding mononucleotide repeat BAT-26, and the coding mononucleotide repeat in @entity851 ( @entity851 ). Exposure data on reproduction, hormone use, @entity28 , and physical activity were obtained from an interviewer-administered questionnaire. @entity1 were less likely then @entity1 to have @entity5 at a young age and more likely to have unstable @entity5 at an older age; we observed a significant interaction (P < 0.01) between age, sex, and @entity124 . Evaluation of reproductive factors showed that @entity1 who had ever been pregnant had half the risk of @entity5 compared with @entity1 who had never been pregnant. In @entity348 were associated with an increased risk of @entity5 [odds ratio (OR), 2.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.0 comparing @entity124 + versus @entity5 ]. Age at first and last pregnancy did not influence the association. The observed associations were strongest among @entity1 <60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Having used oral contraceptives was associated with a lower risk of @entity5 (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.2); recent users of HRT were at a reduced risk of @entity5 (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5-1.4); and @entity1 who were former HRT users were at an increased risk of @entity5 (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0). @entity28 and lack of physical activity were associated with an elevated risk of both @entity124 + (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.7-3.3) and @entity124 - (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-3.) @entity5 in @entity1 , but only with @entity124 - (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) @entity5 in @entity1 . The excess of @entity5 in @entity1 is explained by the excess of @entity5 at older ages. Our data suggest that @entity172 exposure in @entity1 protects against @entity124 , whereas the lack of @entity172 in older @entity1 increases risk of instability. HRT in these older @entity1 may, again, reduce the risk of unstable @entity5 . A model for the way in which @entity172 (endogenous, exogenous, and @entity28 -associated) modify the risk of @entity5 is proposed.

title: @entity172 reduce and withdrawal of @entity172 increase risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['TGFbetaRII', 'transforming growth factor beta receptor type II']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MSI- tumors', 'MSI+ tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['complementary fashion, total ovulatory months']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['microsatellite instability-positive colon cancer']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: The study evaluated the results of an experimental screening protocol for @entity14 by fecal occult blood testing in a municipality of the Province of Florence. METHODS: A total of 15,235 subjects aged 50-70 years were invited to perform a 1-day immunochemical fecal occult blood testing without any dietary restrictions. All eligible subjects were sent a personal invitation letter, followed by a postal reminder to non-responders. Subjects with a negative stool test were advised to repeat screening after 2 years. Subjects with a positive screening test were invited to undergo full colonoscopy or a combination of left colonoscopy and a double contrast barium enema. RESULTS: A total of 6,418 subjects performed the screening test, with an overall compliance of 42.1%. A total of 268 compliers had positive test results. The positivity rate was 4.2%. Detection rate for @entity5 and for @entity652 was 5.1% and 11.6%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 14.3% for @entity5 and 32.5% for @entity652 . A higher compliance was recorded in subjects born in the province of Florence or living in the centre of the town, in married subjects, and in @entity1 . The best results in compliance were associated with the direct distribution of fecal occult blood testing kits by general practitioners to their outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides useful information about the efficiency and feasibility of a screening program for @entity14 using fecal occult blood testing. Compliance results confirm the importance of GP involvement in oncological screening.

title: XXXX screening by fecal occult blood testing: results of a population-based experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze whether a decreased sensitivity to @entity1425 in @entity1 with @entity6677 (GDM) explains the impairment in the thermogenic response to food (=post-prandial thermogenesis ( @entity3445 )) that is observed in these @entity1 at future risk of @entity28 and @entity2175 . SUBJECTS/METHODS: Ten normal-weight @entity1 with previous GDM and 10 controls matched for body weight, all with normal @entity413 tolerance, had insulin sensitivity, @entity3445 and the thermogenic response to an @entity1425 infusion measured. RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity was similar in the previous GDM compared with control groups: (mean+/-s.e.m.) 29.1+/-3.2 vs 30.9+/-1.6 mg/l/min. The early (0-30 min) @entity3445 response was diminished and delayed in @entity1 with previous GDM compared with controls: (10+/-2 vs 15+/-1 kJ, P=0.04); time constant for @entity3445 (median (interquartile range)) (57 (47-79) vs 29 (25-49) min, P=0.01). The overall @entity3445 response and the thermogenic response to @entity1425 were not significantly different between the groups. The 30 min and 2 h @entity3445 response correlated positively and significantly with the increment in energy expenditure as a result of the @entity1425 infusion (rho=+0.65; P=0.04 and rho=+0.71; P=0.02, respectively) in @entity1 with previous GDM only. There was no correlation between @entity1425 and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of diminished @entity1425 sensitivity but a positive relationship exists between @entity3445 and sensitivity to @entity1425 in @entity1 with previous GDM. The mechanism is not mediated through insulin resistance. This relationship may predispose these normal-weight at-risk @entity1 to future @entity1017 .

title: The thermic response to food is related to sensitivity to @entity1425 in a group at risk for the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['earlier gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: Several authors have proposed that changes in a small number of regulatory genes may be sufficient for the evolution of novel morphologies. Recent analyses have indicated that @entity13877 branched1 ( @entity13878 ), a putative bHLH transcription factor, played such a role during the morphological evolution of @entity2829 from its wild ancestor, @entity13877 . To address whether or not @entity13878 played a similar role during the evolution of the Andropogoneae, the tribe to which @entity2829 belongs, and to examine the rate and pattern of @entity13878 evolution within this tribe, we analyzed @entity13878 -like sequences from 23 members of the Andropogoneae and five other grasses. Our analysis revealed that the @entity13878 protein evolves slowly within three conserved domains but rapidly outside these domains. The nonconserved regions of the gene are characterized by both a high nonsynonymous substitution rate and frequent indels. The ratio of nonsynonymous substitutions per nonsynonymous site (d(N)) to synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (d(S)) was not significantly greater than 1.0, providing no evidence for positive selection. However, the d(N)/d(S) ratio varied significantly among lineages and was high compared with those of other plant nuclear genes. Variation in the d(N)/d(S) ratio among the Andropogoneae could be explained by unequal levels of purifying selection among lineages. Consistent with this interpretation, the rate of nonsynonymous substitution differed along several lineages, while the synonymous substitution rate did not differ significantly. Finally, using @entity13878 , we examined phylogenetic relationships within the Andropogoneae. The phylogeny suggests that the tribe underwent a rapid radiation during its early history and that the monoecious Andropogoneae are polyphyletic.

title: Molecular evolution of the XXXX branched gene among @entity2829 and related grasses.

answer: @entity13877 :: (76912,Species) :: ['teosinte']


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence and causative organisms of @entity2348 in neonates at The University Hospital of the West Indies. METHODS: A retrospective review of all neonates with culture-proven sepsis admitted to the hospital between January 1995 and December 2000 was conducted. Incidence rates and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. RESULTS: There were 4702 admissions to the neonatal unit during the study period. Of these, 135 had culture-proven sepsis and 115 were inborn, giving an incidence of 6.7/1000 live births. There were 89 positive blood cultures, 51 positive urine cultures and two positive CSF cultures. The single most common organism was @entity4005 spp (28%). Other organisms included @entity526 (16%), group B Streptococcus (11%) and Enterobacter spp (10%). The @entity4028 resistance rate of @entity4005 spp was 46% and seven isolates had multiple resistance to antibiotics. There was a case fatality rate of 6.7%. CONCLUSION: Physicians involved in newborn care at The University Hospital of the West Indies need to recognise the important role @entity4005 now plays in @entity295 and its contribution to neonatal mortality. Empirical antibiotic regimens for gram-negative sepsis must take into consideration the high rates of @entity4028 resistance that are now prevalent.

title: XXXX in Jamaican neonates.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial sepsis']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Neonatal sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical resection of @entity14535 is often limited owing to involvement of crucial neural structures. Within the last 2 decades Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has gained increasing importance as an adjunct treatment after incomplete resection and as an alternative treatment to open surgery. However, reports of long-term results are still sparse. We therefore performed this study to analyze the long-term results of GKRS treatment of @entity14535 , following our previously published early follow-up experience. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the medical files for Gamma Knife and surgical treatments, clinicoradiological findings, and outcome was carried out focusing on @entity5 control, clinical course, and morbidity. RESULTS: Between 1992 and 1995, we treated 36 @entity1 with @entity14535 using GKRS (male:female ratio, 1:5; mean age, 59 yr; range, 44-89 yr). Twenty-five @entity1 were treated with GKRS after open surgery, and 11 @entity1 received GKRS alone. @entity5 control, neurological outcomes, and adverse effects were analyzed after a long-term follow-up period (mean, 103 mo; range, 70-133 mo) and compared with our previous results after an early follow-up period (mean, 48 mo; range, 36-76 mo). Control of @entity5 growth was achieved in 94% of @entity1 . Compared with the early follow-up period, the late neuroradiological effects of GKRS on @entity14535 were continuing @entity5 shrinkage in 11 @entity1 (33%), stable @entity5 size in 20 @entity1 (64%) and @entity5 progression in two @entity1653 (6%). The neurological status improved in 16 @entity1 (44%), remained stable in 19 @entity1 (52%), and deteriorated in one @entity1 (4%). Adverse side effects of GKRS were found only during the early follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Our data confirm that GKRS is not only a safe and effective treatment modality for @entity14535 in short-term observation, but also in a mean long-term follow-up period of more than 8 years. @entity5 shrinkage and clinical improvement also continued during the longer follow-up period.

title: Gamma-knife radiosurgery for XXXX : experience of @entity5 control, clinical course, and morbidity in a follow-up of more than 8 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity14535 :: ('MESH:C565666', 'Disease') :: ['cranial base meningiomas']

answer: @entity14535 :: (MESH:C565666,Disease) :: ['cranial base meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sensitization to food antigen can occur through cutaneous exposure. OBJECTIVE: We sought to test the hypothesis that epicutaneous sensitization with food antigen predisposes to IgE-mediated @entity2021 on oral allergen challenge. METHODS: BALB/c @entity19 were epicutaneously sensitized by repeated application of ovalbumin (OVA) to tape-stripped skin over 7 weeks or orally immunized with OVA and cholera toxin (CT) weekly for 8 weeks and then orally challenged with OVA. Body temperature was monitored, and serum mouse @entity8929 levels were determined after challenge. Tissue mast cell (MC) counts were examined by using @entity2863 esterase staining. Levels of serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG(1) antibodies and cytokines in supernatants of OVA-stimulated splenocytes were measured by means of ELISA. Serum @entity58 levels were measured by using an in vivo cytokine capture assay. RESULTS: Epicutaneously sensitized @entity19 exhibited expansion of connective tissue MCs in the jejunum, increased serum @entity58 levels, and @entity2021 after oral challenge, as evidenced by decreased body temperature and increased serum mouse @entity8929 levels. Intestinal MC expansion and @entity2021 were IgE dependent because they did not occur in epicutaneously sensitized IgE(-/-) @entity19 . @entity19 orally immunized with OVA plus CT did not have increased serum @entity58 levels, expanded intestinal MCs, or @entity2021 after oral challenge, despite OVA-specific IgE levels and splenocyte cytokine production in response to OVA stimulation, which were comparable with those of epicutaneously sensitized @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Epicutaneously sensitized @entity19 , but not @entity19 orally immunized with antigen plus CT, have expansion of intestinal MCs and IgE-mediated @entity2021 after single oral antigen challenge. IgE is necessary but not sufficient for @entity2021 , and MC expansion in the gut can play an important role in the development of @entity2021 .

title: Epicutaneous sensitization results in IgE-dependent intestinal mast cell expansion and food-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2863 :: ('MESH:C006972', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroacetate']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['food anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis', 'systemic anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 repair (EVAR) reduces morbidity and hospital stay compaired with open surgical repair. Endoleak is a common complication of the procedure. The resulting increase of pressure within the sac may expand the @entity439 with the following risk of @entity397 . The aim of this study was to recognize the incidence of @entity1070 in tomographic controls of the @entity1 who underwent endovascular repair at our hospital as well as identify the risk factors associated with this complication. METHODS: all consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity439 repair at our hospital between 2008, February until 2012, February were restrospectively enrolled in the study, excluding those who were lost at follow-up. 43 @entity1 were included, aged 70.5    6 ( @entity1 : 88%). The endpoint was @entity1070 incidence at 1, 6, 12th months after the intervention in the control tomography, and its association with underlying risk factors: @entity101 , Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary desease and the diameter of the @entity439 . RESULTS: eleven (11%) @entity1 developed @entity1070 (type I 9%, type III 2%). All were @entity449 . The anteroposterior diameter of the @entity439 (more than 60 mm) showed a trend toward statistical significance as a risk factor (30% vs. 6%; p:0.073). No relationship was found with gender, age, COPD, smoking or @entity101 . CONCLUSION: @entity1070 after @entity439 repair is a common complication. The size of the @entity439 might be a risk factor of the event.

title: [Incidence and risk factors of XXXX repair].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarrenal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['endoleak in endovascular aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in treating @entity339 ( @entity339 ), due to secondary annular dilation in the posterior portion of the annulus with mitral valve reconstruction. METHOD: Over the past 10 years, we performed mitral valvuloplasty with posterior annuloplasty in 35 @entity1 , of which 27 @entity1 were associated with @entity154 , 3 @entity1 had mild @entity339 , 24 had moderate @entity339 , and 8 had severe @entity339 . Entire posterior annular plication was performed in 7 @entity1 and partial posterior annular plication in 28. Associated subvalvulopasty was performed in 7 @entity1 and leaflets repair reconstruction in 14. RESULT: There was no postoperative mortality. Complete correction was achieved in 21 @entity1 (60.0%) and partial correction in 11 (31.4%). Mild and moderate insufficiency was found in 3 @entity1 (8.6%) postoperatively. NYHA function class I was gained in 34 @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity120 and died due to right @entity712 five years after operation. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that posterior annuloplasty is a safe, effective technique.

title: [Correction of XXXX with posterior annuloplasty].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral insufficiency']


abstract: Identification of @entity1 with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) who might be at risk of @entity1457 by using a fast, automated system is highly desired. It was our objective to investigate whether automated cardiac volumetric analysis following computerised tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is useful to identify increased clot load and adverse prognosis in @entity1 with acute @entity1151 . We retrospectively analysed a consecutive series of non-gated CTPA studies of 124 @entity1 with acute @entity1151 and 43 controls. Right and left ventricular diameters (RV/LV) were measured on four-chamber view, while each cardiac chamber underwent automatic volumetric measurements. Findings were correlated to the pulmonary arterial obstruction index (PAOI). Outcome was expressed by admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) or mortality within 30 days. There was a significant positive correlation between the PAOI and the volumes of the right side cavities (r=0.25 for the atrium and r=0.49 for the ventricle), and between the right-to-left atrial and ventricular volume ratios (r=0.49 and r=0.57, respectively). Results for the combined outcome of mortality or ICU admission that fell in the upper tertile of the right atrial and right ventricular volumes yielded hazard ratios of 3.9 and 3.3, respectively, compared to those in the lower tertile. RV/LV diameter ratio did not correlate with outcome. In conclusion, adverse outcome and significant pulmonary clot load in @entity1 with acute @entity1151 are associated with a volume shift towards right heart cavities, which correlates to prognosis better than the CT-measured RV/LV diameter ratio, suggesting the advantage of using fast fully automatic volumetric analysis to identify @entity1 at risk.

title: Automated volumetric analysis of four cardiac chambers in XXXX : a novel technology for fast risk stratification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary embolism', 'PE']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic @entity1333 may cause life threatening complications requiring admission to an intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of @entity13571 @entity1 admitted to the ICU and to identify prognosis factors. METHODS: During a ten-year period, records of 31 adult @entity1 with @entity13571 admitted to ICUs (median age: 63 y.o, sex ratio M/F: 21/10, SAPS II: 40) were reviewed including clinical and biological parameters, use of mechanical ventilation, @entity2922 or/and dialysis support. Mortality was assessed and data were analyzed to identify predictive factors of outcome. RESULTS: Causes of ICU admissions were active manifestation of @entity1333 (n   =   19), @entity326 (n   =   8) and miscellaneous (n   =   4). Sixteen @entity1 (52%) died in ICU. By univariate analysis, mortality was associated with higher SOFA (p   =   0.006) and SAPS II (p   =   0.004) scores. The need for a @entity2922 support or/and a renal replacement therapy, and the occurrence of an @entity649 significantly worsen the prognosis. By multivariate analysis, only SAPS II (Odd ratio: 1.16, 95% CI [1.01; 1.33]) and BVAS scores (Odd ratio: 1.16, 95% CI   =   [1.01; 1.34]) were predictive of mortality. CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of severe @entity1333 requiring an admission to ICU was high. High levels of SAPS II and BVAS scores at admission were predictive of mortality.

title: Prognosis and ICU outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity13571 :: (MESH:D056647,Disease) :: ['systemic vasculitis']


abstract: A study was made of histologic type of @entity2 in relation to smoking habit, year of diagnosis, age and sites of @entity3 . It comprised 662 autopsies of @entity1 during the period from 1955 to 1972. As classified by the WHO system, 35.2 percent were @entity957 , 24.6 percent were @entity4153 , 25.2 percent were @entity420 and 14.2 percent were large cell @entity189 . The six non-smokers of the series were all found to be in class 3, @entity420 . No clearcut and consistent relationships were observed. Although there was a steady decrease in the incidence of @entity4153 during this time period, this observation did not prove to be statistically significant. @entity4153 increased with amount of smoking but not for all age groups. @entity420 decreased with advancing age but not in all smoking groups. @entity3 were found in 96.3 percent of the cases and the sites most frequently involved were regional lymph nodes, liver, brain, distant lymph nodes, adrenals and bone. @entity4153 showed the greatest percentage of involvement for those major sites and for the same sites, @entity957 showed the lowest percentage.

title: XXXX in relation to smoking habits, year of diagnosis and sites of @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell carcinomas', 'small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Histologic type of lung cancer']


abstract: A @entity35 model of @entity1960 [dextran @entity597 (DSS)] was used to study the permeation of Evans blue (EB) from the lumen into the wall of proximal and distal colonic loops after exposure to the dye for 2 hr. Topical application of drugs used in @entity1 @entity31 ( @entity3303 , @entity2983 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 ) was given daily during induction of @entity1960 to protect the mucosa. The mucosal changes were evaluated with special regard to peptidergic innervation [substance @entity10133 ) and neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 )], invasion of antigen-presenting polydendritic cells, and mucin-containing goblet cells. DSS-treatment caused a significantly increased permeation of EB. In the proximal loops a significant inhibition was obtained after treatment with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops only treatment with @entity3303 had a preventive effect. Immunocytochemically there was a clear @entity1373 of both mucosal SP- and @entity10969 -immunoreactive nerve fibers in regions with crypt abnormalities. In these regions also most of the goblet cells were devoid of mucus. Like the changes in permeation, these morphological changes were most prominent in the distal loops. With induction of @entity1960 were invaded by polydendritic cells; the visual score was markedly decreased in the proximal loops treated with @entity3303 , @entity617 , or @entity5418 . In the distal loops similar effects were obtained after treatment with @entity3303 or @entity617 . Prevention of the influx of antigens in both loops after @entity3303 treatment with reduced recruitment of polydendritic cells into the lamina propria is suggested. The nerve @entity1373 may thus be secondary to luminal challenge with antigens during induction of @entity1960 . The discrepancy between increased permeation and absence of polydendritic cell response in the distal loops after @entity617 may reflect separate actions of @entity230 on the intestinal epithelium and the immune cells.

title: Influence of topical rectal application of drugs on dextran XXXX -induced @entity1960 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'colitis, the mucosa and lamina propria']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: Between January 1, 1975, and December 31, 1988, 233 @entity1 were operated on for correction of @entity215 ( @entity215 ). Mean follow-up was 13.9 years (median 7.65 years) and was 99.6% complete. Actuarial survival was 84 +/- 3%. The risk of @entity204 decreased gradually to a constant rate of 0.00034 @entity204 /month by the 6th postoperative month. There were 22 early @entity204 , due mostly to Low Output Syndrome. The principal incremental risk factor was the postrepair ventricular pressure ratio ( @entity4247 /LV) (P less than 0.0001). Other factors were: @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ; P = 0.02), other associated anomalies (P = 0.005), higher preoperative hemoglobin levels (P = 0.06) and use of transannular patches (P = 0.02). The operative risk was significantly reduced by a recent operative date (P = 0.01) and by an older age at operation (P = 0.12). Among 8 late @entity204 , 2 were unrelated to the @entity299 , 2 occurred suddenly, 3 were due to @entity712 and the last was due to reoperation for patch @entity884 . The risk of late @entity204 was significantly higher in @entity1 operated on at an older age (P = 0.04). There were 10 open heart reoperations: 5 for patch dehiscence, 4 for @entity849 and 1 for residual @entity118 . The reoperation-free actuarial survival was 82 +/- 3%. With the present operative standards, the parametric operative risk of an average @entity1 with simple @entity215 (hemoglobin = 12 g, @entity4247 /LV = 0.5) is 0.7%. Where the @entity215 is severely cyanotic (hemoglobin = 25 g) and the pulmonary arteries are severely restricted, the average mortality is 30%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early and late results after repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['residual pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developing control policies for @entity2927 is challenging, both because of the complex spread dynamics exhibited by these diseases, and because of the need for implementing complex multi-species surveillance and control efforts using limited resources. Mathematical models, and in particular network models, of disease spread are promising as tools for control-policy design, because they can provide comprehensive quantitative representations of disease transmission. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A layered dynamical network model for the transmission and control of @entity2927 is introduced as a tool for analyzing disease spread and designing cost-effective surveillance and control. The model development is achieved using @entity3377 transmission among wildlife, @entity291 herds, and @entity1 sub-populations in an agricultural system as a case study. Precisely, a model that tracks infection counts in interacting animal herds of multiple species (e.g., @entity291 herds and groups of wildlife for @entity3377 ) and in @entity1 subpopulations is introduced. The model is then abstracted to a form that permits comprehensive targeted design of multiple control capabilities as well as model identification from data. Next, techniques are developed for such quantitative design of control policies (that are directed to both the animal and @entity1 populations), and for model identification from snapshot and time-course data, by drawing on recent results in the network control community. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The modeling approach is shown to provide quantitative insight into comprehensive control policies for @entity2927 , and in turn to permit policy design for mitigation of these diseases. For the @entity3377 -transmission example in particular, numerous insights are obtained regarding the optimal distribution of resources among available control capabilities (e.g., vaccination, surveillance and culling, pasteurization of milk) and points in the spread network (e.g., transhumance vs. sedentary herds). In addition, a preliminary identification of the network model for @entity3377 is achieved using historical data, and the robustness of the obtained model is demonstrated. As a whole, our results indicate that network modeling can aid in designing control policies for @entity2927 .

title: A network control theory approach to modeling and optimal control of zoonoses: case study of XXXX transmission in sub-Saharan Africa.

entities_list: @entity2927 :: ('MESH:D015047', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

answer: @entity3377 :: (MESH:D002006,Disease) :: ['brucellosis']


abstract: The larval mosquito midgut exhibits one of the highest pH values known in a biological system. While the pH inside the posterior midgut and gastric caeca ranges between 7.0 and 8.0, the pH inside the anterior midgut is close to 11.0. Alkalization is likely to involve @entity3157 / @entity6445 ions. These ions are produced in vivo by the enzymatic action of carbonic anhydrase. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of this enzyme in the alkalization mechanism, to establish its presence and localization in the midgut of larval @entity4224 and to clone and characterize its cDNA. Here, we report the physiological demonstration of the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in midgut alkalization. Histochemistry and in situ hybridization showed that the enzyme appears to be localized throughout the midgut, although preferentially in the gastric caeca and posterior regions with specific cellular heterogeneity. Furthermore, we report the cloning and localization of the first carbonic anhydrase from mosquito larval midgut. A cDNA clone from @entity4224 larval midgut revealed sequence homology to alpha-carbonic anhydrases from vertebrates. Bioinformatics indicates the presence of at least six carbonic anhydrases or closely related genes in the genome of another dipteran, the @entity238 @entity238 . Molecular analyses suggest that the larval mosquito may also possess multiple forms.

title: Carbonic anhydrase in the midgut of larval XXXX : cloning, localization and inhibition.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fruit fly']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors associated with virologic response to non- @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimens in a large clinic cohort. DESIGN: Inception cohort. SETTING: @entity645 clinics in Europe @entity1 : We identified all @entity1 in EuroSIDA who began a regimen including either @entity5198 or @entity488 (not both) after July 1997 and for whom pre-therapy viral load and @entity404 cell count were known. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Virological failure. RESULTS: A total of 1325 @entity1 initiated @entity5198 and 878 efavirenz. Respectively, median start dates were October 1998 and May 1999. Other factors at baseline, including @entity404 cell count, viral load, previous @entity791 , previous antiretroviral drug use and make-up of the NNRTI-containing regimen were all approximately similar between the @entity5198 and efavirenz groups. A total of 669 @entity1 experienced virological failure during follow-up. In a Cox model, less protease inhibitors and @entity2353 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) previously used, higher @entity404 nadir, lower viral load at baseline, a previous @entity791 diagnosis and less NRTIs in the regimen were associated with lower risk of virological failure. The relative hazard of virological failure comparing those on efavirenz with those on @entity5198 was 0.57 (95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.69; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The difference in virologic outcome between those using @entity5198 and efavirenz in this almost entirely drug-experienced population could reflect differences in effectiveness of the drugs in this setting but, despite the similarity between groups at baseline, bias cannot be excluded as an explanation. Replication of these findings in randomized trials and other cohort studies is required.

title: Viral load outcome of non- XXXX reverse transcriptase inhibitor regimens for 2203 mainly antiretroviral-experienced @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity5198 :: ('MESH:D019829', 'Chemical') :: ['nevirapine']

answer: @entity2353 :: (CHEBI:33838,Chemical) :: ['nucleoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Observational studies suggest that high job strain is a risk factor for retirement on health grounds, but few studies have analysed specific diagnoses. We examined job strain's association with all-cause and cause-specific disability pensions. METHODS: Survey responses to questions about job strain from 48,598 (response rate, 68%) public sector employees in Finland from 2000 to 2002 were used to determine work unit- and occupation-based scores. These job strain scores were assigned to all the 69,842 employees in the same work units or occupations. All @entity1 were linked to the disability pension register of the Finnish Centre of Pensions with no loss to follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate HRs and their 95% CIs for disability pensions adjusted by demographic, work unit characteristics and baseline health in analyses stratified by sex and socioeconomic position. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 4.6 years, 2572 @entity1 (4%) were granted a disability pension. A one-unit increase in job strain was associated with a 1.3- to 2.4-fold risk of requiring a disability pension due to @entity85 in @entity1 , @entity1 and manual workers, depending on the measure of job strain (work unit or occupation based). The risk of disability pension due to @entity65 was increased in @entity1 with high job strain but not in @entity1 nor in any socioeconomic group. No consistent pattern was found for disability pension due to @entity308 . CONCLUSION: High job strain is a risk factor for disability pension due to @entity85 .

title: Job strain and the risk of disability pension due to XXXX , @entity308 or coronary heart disease: a prospective cohort study of 69,842 employees.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: This study was designed to analyze the pathophysiological role of the endogenous endothelin (ET) system and the therapeutic approach to @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonists in a @entity235 @entity712 model. After 3 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (240 beats/min), concentrations of immunoreactive ET-1 in @entity235 increased approximately 2-fold in plasma and in the left and right ventricles but not in the lung. There were no meaningful changes in the density and affinity of total ET receptors, or in the ratio of ET(A) to ET(B) receptors. To clarify the functional role of endogenous ET, we examined the effects of acute injection of @entity55573 (1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.), an ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, on cardiovascular and renal function in @entity235 with @entity712 . Compared with vehicle, @entity55573 at both doses significantly decreased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and @entity5691 (CO) and renal blood flow. @entity55573 had no effects on heart rate and cardiac contractility. In addition, we examined whether @entity55573 has an additive effect in the presence of enalaprilat. @entity55573 (1 mg/kg i.v.) administered after @entity17914 (0.05 mg/kg i.v.) induced further decreases in MAP, PCWP and PAP, and further increases in CO, resulting in further decreases in total peripheral resistance. These results indicate that the endogenous ET system is exaggerated in @entity712 and has a detrimental effect on cardiac function. Therefore, @entity55573 given alone or as combination therapy may play a beneficial role in the treatment of @entity712 in @entity1 .

title: Pathophysiological roles of endogenous endothelin-1 in XXXX with chronic @entity712 produced by rapid right ventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity17914 :: ('MESH:D015773', 'Chemical') :: ['enalaprilat']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the frequency of myeloid dendritic cell ( @entity13128 ) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) precursors in blood of @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and in atherosclerotic carotid plaques of @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). BACKGROUND: Circulating @entity13128 precursors are reduced in several @entity792 . @entity731 has features of an @entity792 , such as the presence of autoantibodies or autoreactive T cells. Tissue-resident DCs were previously described in atheromata, and it is assumed that they are important for the activation of T cells against autoantigens there. METHODS: Circulating @entity13128 and pDC precursors were flow cytometrically detected in healthy controls (n = 19), @entity453 @entity1 with stable (n = 20) and unstable @entity951 (n = 19), and @entity583 (n = 17). In @entity1 carotid plaques (n = 65), @entity13128 and pDC precursors were identified immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Circulating @entity13128 precursors were significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity5749 (0.19%, p = 0.04), unstable @entity951 (0.16%, p = 0.004), and @entity583 (0.08%, p < 0.001) compared with control @entity1 (0.22% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells). In contrast, pDC numbers were not significantly altered. Circulating @entity13128 precursors inversely correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r = -0.38, p = 0.001) or @entity650 (r = -0.42, p < 0.001). In contrast to pDC, significantly more @entity13128 precursors were observed in vulnerable carotid plaques (24, 0.25 mm2; n = 31; p = 0.003) than in stable ones (6.4, 0.25 mm2; n = 34). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to @entity792 , circulating @entity13128 precursors were significantly reduced in @entity1 with @entity453 . The emergence of @entity13128 precursors in vulnerable plaques suggests their recruitment into atheromata as a possible reason for their decrease in blood. In contrast, no significant association of circulating pDC precursors with @entity731 was observed.

title: Decrease in circulating myeloid dendritic cell precursors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity360 is well recognized to occur in @entity1 with @entity548 ( @entity548 ), its prevalence, clinical presentation, causes, and outcome in these @entity1 are not well defined. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 evaluated for @entity548 by the gastroenterology service at a large inner city hospital from August 1, 1990, through September 31, 1994, were prospectively identified. Vital signs and stool color were recorded on admission to the emergency department. Endoscopy was performed in all @entity1 , usually within 48 h of admission. The cause of @entity548 was determined by endoscopy, surgery, or autopsy. RESULTS: Over the 50-month study period, 727 @entity1 with @entity548 meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated, with 104 (14%) presenting with @entity360 (18 with bright red blood and 86 with maroon blood). The most common causes of @entity548 were duodenal @entity1066 (44%) and @entity2275 (20%). In comparison with @entity1 with @entity476 (N = 441), @entity1 with @entity360 were older (55 vs 50 yr, p < 0.01) and more likely to present with duodenal @entity1066 (43 vs 25%, p < 0.01); no differences in vital signs, including prevalence of shock, or admission Hb concentration were found. However, transfusion requirements (5.4 vs 4.0 units, p = 0.01), need for surgery (11.7 vs 5.7%, p = 0.03), and mortality (13.6 vs 7.5%, p = 0.05) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity360 than in those with @entity476 , suggesting more severe @entity548 and a worse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity360 is common in @entity1 with @entity548 , and the presenting features are similar to those of @entity1 with @entity476 . @entity4773 is the most common cause of @entity548 associated with @entity360 . @entity1 with @entity548 and @entity360 seem to have a worse prognosis.

title: A prospective characterization of @entity360 presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['upper GI hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'UGIH']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['Hematochezia', 'hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['hematochezia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) @entity67 precedes RV @entity299 . Improvement in noninvasive assessment of RV diastolic function may enable earlier detection of @entity67 , especially important in the assessment of @entity1 with @entity299 . We investigated a new parameter we call @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in an effort to better characterize RV diastolic function. METHODS: We retrospectively studied consecutive adults with right-sided @entity299 between January 2005 and November 2006. @entity454 was calculated with the Laplace law: r   p/  , where r = basal RV dimension at end-diastole, p = RV end-diastolic pressure obtained from catheterization of the right side of the heart, and    = thickness of RV free wall at end-diastole in the subcostal view. Calculated @entity454 was correlated to echocardiographically derived @entity4032 ( @entity4032 ) measurements by means of the Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 , aged 41    15 years, were included in the study. Mean @entity454 was 20    11 g/cm(2) (range, 3-46 g/cm(2)). @entity454 correlated significantly with @entity4032 area and volume (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001; r = 0.69, P < 0.001, respectively). An @entity454 > 17 g/cm(2) had a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 85% in predicting significant @entity1283 . @entity454 was significantly higher in @entity1 with RV @entity1284 compared with those with pressure or normal loading conditions (28 g/cm(2) vs 17 g/cm(2), P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity454 correlates significantly with @entity4032 size and differs considerably between RV volume and pressure overload states. Further work is needed to determine whether this RV diastolic parameter can be predictive of clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2504 .

title: Right ventricular end-diastolic wall stress: does it impact on XXXX size, and does it differ in right ventricular pressure vs volume loading conditions?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['RV loading lesions']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['RA enlargement']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'right atrial']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['RV end-diastolic wall stress', 'RVEDWS']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['right atrial']


abstract: To elucidate the relationship between body build, @entity3800 , and transsexual gender identity, anthropometric measurements were assessed in 15 hormonally untreated @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ). Nineteen healthy @entity1 ( @entity1577 ) (X = 22 years; 2 months), and 21 healthy @entity1 (CM) (X = 23; 7) were enrolled as controls. Baseline levels of @entity251 (T; ng/dl), @entity2671 (A4; ng/dl), @entity9027 ( @entity2990 ; ng/ml), and @entity443 ( @entity443 ; microgram/ml) were assessed in 12 @entity3930 , 15 @entity1577 , and in all CM. No control was under hormonal medication (including contraceptives). Absolute measurements in @entity3930 were in accordance with their biological sex: they showed only small differences from the @entity1577 . However, @entity3930 differed from @entity1577 in 7 of 14 sex-dimorphic indices of masculinity/femininity in body build. Of these 14 indices, 9 did not show a difference between @entity3930 and CM. Hence, @entity3930 presented a more masculine body build, particularly in fat distribution and bone proportions. Levels of T and A4 were significantly higher in @entity3930 than in @entity1577 (T: 54.0 +/- 13.8 vs. 41.1 +/- 12.8; A4: 244.8 +/- 73.0 vs. 190.5 +/- 49.3), while @entity2990 was higher in CM (3335 +/- 951) than in @entity1577 (2333 +/- 793) and in @entity3930 (2679 +/- 1089). Altogether, 83.3% of @entity3930 and 33.3% of @entity1577 were above normal values for at least one measured @entity342 . @entity443 in @entity3930 (1.21 +/- 0.70) and @entity1577 (1.87 +/- 0.91) was higher than in CM (0.49 +/- 0.18) and tended to be higher in @entity1577 than in @entity3930 . Unbound T (T/ @entity443 ratio) was higher in @entity3930 (72.0 +/- 67.6) than in @entity1577 (26.4 +/- 15.1) and correlated positively with manly body shape. Findings are discussed in relation to etiology of transsexualism.

title: Anthropometrical measurements and XXXX levels in males, females, and hormonally untreated female-to-male transsexuals.

entities_list: @entity3930 :: ('MESH:D005834', 'Disease') :: ['FMT', 'female-to-male-transsexuals']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex-hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']