abstract: The mechanism for biological effect following exposure to combustion-generated particles is incompletely defined. The identification of pathways regulating the acute toxicological effects of these particles provides specific targets for therapeutic manipulation in an attempt to impact disease following exposures. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels were identified as "particle sensors" in that their activation was coupled with the initiation of protective responses limiting airway deposition and inflammatory responses, which promote degradation and clearance of the particles. @entity13811 , V1, V4, and M8 have a capacity to mediate adverse effects after exposure to combustion-generated particulate matter (PM); relative contributions of each depend upon particle composition, dose, and deposition. Exposure of @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells to an organic extract of diesel exhaust particle was followed by @entity23128 mediating @entity9495 influx, increased RAS expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, and @entity3334 activation. These novel pathways of biological effect can be targeted by compounds that specifically inhibit critical signaling reactions. In addition to TRPs and @entity460 biochemistry, humic-like substances (HLS) and cell/tissue @entity68 equilibrium were identified as potential mechanistic targets in @entity651 after particle exposure. In respiratory epithelial cells, @entity68 sequestration by HLS in wood smoke particle (WSP) was associated with oxidant generation, cell signaling, transcription factor activation, and release of inflammatory mediators. Similar to WSP, cytotoxic insoluble nanosized spherical particles composed of HLS were isolated from cigarette smoke condensate. Therapies that promote bioelimination of HLS and prevent the disruption of @entity68 homeostasis could function to reduce the harmful effects of combustion-generated PM exposure.

title: Emerging mechanistic targets in XXXX induced by combustion-generated particles.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) has gained importance in the treatment of @entity5 . In @entity1653 , the extent of @entity5 removal is one of the most important factors in the prevention of @entity5 recurrence and @entity1 survival. @entity1653 located at the skull base or near eloquent brain regions show higher recurrence rates, morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether iMRI contributes to more extensive surgical resection in these @entity5 . @entity1 undergoing @entity1653 resection using iMRI from January 2007 to January 2011 were included in this study. The indication for iMRI-guided @entity5 resection included @entity1 presenting with @entity1653 located in the skull base or compressing eloquent brain areas in whom a radical resection was considered to be difficult. Intraoperative 0.15-T MRI scan (PoleStar; Medtronic Navigation, Louisville, CO, USA) was performed before and after maximal possible resection using standard microsurgical and neuronavigation techniques. All @entity1 underwent fluorescence-guided resection. The following data were analyzed: @entity5 localization, histological grade, Simpson resection grade, duration of the procedure, iMRI scan time, iMRI findings, resection extent based on postresection iMRI, hospitalization time, surgical complications and outcome, and MRI follow-up 2-27months postoperation. Twenty-seven consecutive @entity1 undergoing @entity1653 resection using iMRI were included. In this series, only one @entity1 (3.4%) underwent resection of @entity5 remnant after iMRI, although without improvement of the Simpson resection grade. @entity51 were found in 8 @entity1 (27.6%) postoperatively, whereas 11 @entity1 (37.9%) had permanent @entity51 . In one case (3.4%), fatal @entity86 occurred which was not detected by iMRI. Our results show that iMRI has no influence on intraoperative strategy in terms of resection grade or detection of early @entity260 . The benefits of iMRI in @entity1653 surgery are therefore doubtful; however, it may still prove to be effective in certain subsets of @entity1653 .

title: The role of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'gliomas and sellar tumors', 'surgical tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurologic deficits', 'Temporary neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['complex meningiomas', 'intracranial meningiomas', 'complex meningioma', 'Complex meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['complex meningioma']


abstract: From 1976 to 1989, 638 @entity1 with @entity957 were operated on. Reliable information concerning survival could be obtained in 540 of these cases via follow-up examinations. All @entity5 were retrospectively classified according to the TNM system of the fourth edition of UICC classification. The average survival time after potentially curative operation was 7.32 years in @entity1 with stage I @entity5 , the 5-year survival rate was 55.3%. The corresponding values were 2.42 years and 29.1% respectively in @entity1 with @entity5 , compared to 1.22 years and 12.0% respectively in those with stage III a @entity5 . The differences between @entity5 stages are statistically significant. Analyzing the influence of the T and N factors on the prognosis following potentially curative surgery, the classification in the various @entity5 stages was largely verified. Stage III a is inhomogeneous in terms of prognosis. T and N factors showed prognostic value in this group. In the group with T3 @entity5 there was a significant difference in the mean survival times, independently of the lymph node status, when the @entity1 were divided into those with T3 @entity5 close to the main carina (16 months) and those who had infiltrated adjacent structures (7.5 months). When differentiating the N1 location, a significant difference was found between the group of @entity1 with T2 @entity5 and true lymph node @entity3 and the group with T2 and direct @entity5 infiltration of the lymph node (mean survival time 27.5 vs 42.3 months).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : prognostic factors affecting the long-term outcome after surgical resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: 1. A cross-over study was done in twenty @entity1 with @entity101 to compare the effects of @entity10010 (0-5 g twice daily) and @entity12921 (5 mg daily) in combination with other anti- @entity101 agents. 2. Compared with absence of diuretic therapy, @entity10010 and @entity12921 both produced significantly lower blood pressures. 3. Blood pressures on @entity12921 tended to be lower than on @entity10010 but this difference was not statistically significant. 4. Both diuretics significantly lowered serum @entity972 concentrations and total body @entity972 to a similar degree, but the serum @entity972 did not fall below the normal range in any @entity1 and no @entity972 supplements were needed. No electrocardiographic changes suggestive of hypokalaemia were noted. 5. Small but significant increases in serum @entity3157 , @entity460 , @entity1133 and acid were observed with both diuretics. 6. @entity1 acceptance was excellent and no adverse effects were encountered.

title: A comparison of the effects of XXXX and of @entity12921 in the treatment of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity12921 :: ('MESH:D008788', 'Chemical') :: ['metolazone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity10010 :: ('MESH:D002740', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorothiazide']

answer: @entity10010 :: (MESH:D002740,Chemical) :: ['chlorothiazide']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6389 ( @entity6389 ) receive much of their care at university based hospital outpatient clinics. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment experiences of @entity1 who continued care at our university based @entity717 clinic, and to document the reasons for which a subset discontinued care. Seventy @entity1 (77% female) were recruited from all @entity1 at the clinic (n = 323). Most (93%) were treated with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection, and @entity9381 was initially used in 97%. The average dose of @entity9381 was 270.4 U (range 50-500) and the median number of injections was 14 (range: 1-39).  Twenty one @entity1 later received at least one cycle of rimabotulinumtoxinB (33%); of those, 10 switched back to @entity9381 (48%). The initial rimabotulinumtoxinB dose averaged 11,996 units (range: 3000-25,000 over 1-18 injections). Twenty one @entity1 (30%) discontinued care. Reasons cited included suboptimal response to BoNT therapy (62%), excessive cost (24%), excessive travel burden (10%), and side effects of BoNT therapy (10%). Most @entity1 (76%) did not seek further care after leaving the clinic. @entity1 who terminated care received fewer treatment cycles (5.5 vs. 13.0, p = 0.020). There were no other identifiable differences between groups in gender, age, disease characteristics, toxin dose, or toxin formulation. These results indicate that a significant number of @entity6389 @entity1 discontinue care due to addressable barriers to access, including cost and travel burden, and that when leaving specialty care, @entity1 often discontinue treatment altogether. These data highlight the need for new initiatives to reduce out-of-pocket costs, as well as training for community physicians on neurotoxin injection in order to lessen the travel burden @entity1 must accept in order to receive standard-of-care treatments.

title: Continuation of long-term care for XXXX at an @entity717 clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity9381 :: ('MESH:C542870', 'Chemical') :: ['onabotulinumtoxinA']

answer: @entity6389 :: (MESH:D014103,Disease) :: ['cervical dystonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1799 and 18 E6 by DNA detection and @entity876 abnormal protein expression in @entity5 in Hong Kong. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1544 biopsy were analysed. Detection of HPV DNA was carried out by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting (PCR/SB) technique using primers to the @entity1799 _ 18 E6 region and consensus primers to the L1 region. Abnormal expression of the @entity876 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHS) using the antibody CM1 on frozen sections of 55 @entity5 samples. Forty-six samples were analysed for both the presence of HPV DNA and abnormal expression of @entity876 . RESULTS: 67.2% of the 64 samples showed the presence of @entity1799 E6 DNA and 39.1% showed the presence of HPV 18 E6 DNA. 32.8% showed the presence of both @entity1799 and 18 E6 DNA. No HPV DNA was shown in 10.9% of samples. Only 3.6% (2) of 55 samples showed positive IHS with CM1. One occurred in a HPV negative sample and the other in a HPV positive sample. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of HPV DNA was detected in @entity5 in Hong Kong using the PCR/SB technique. However, abnormal expression of @entity876 was uncommon amongst @entity1 with or without @entity1799 or 18 @entity281 .

title: HPV and @entity876 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity571 , a chronic and progressive @entity179 , ranks amongst the top 5 causes of disability. Given the high incidence, associated socioeconomic costs and the absence of effective disease-modifying therapies of @entity571 , cell-based treatments offer a promising new approach. Owing to their paracrine, differentiation and self-renewal abilities, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great potential for regenerative medicine, which might be further enhanced by targeted gene therapy. Hence, the development of systems allowing transgene expression, particularly regulated by natural disease-dependent occuring substances is of high interest. METHODS: Bone marrow-isolated @entity1641 MSCs were stably transduced with an @entity2858 based lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase gene under control of an inducible @entity38595 -responsive promoter. Marker gene expression was analysed by determining luciferase activity in transduced cells stimulated with different concentrations of @entity10660 or @entity10659 . RESULTS: A dose-dependent increase in luciferase expression was observed in transduced MSCs upon cytokine stimulation. The induction effect was more potent in cells treated with @entity10659 as compared to those treated with @entity10660 . Maximum transgene expression was obtained after 48   hours stimulation and the same time was necessary to return to baseline luciferase expression levels after withdrawal of the stimulus. Repeated cycles of induction allowed on-off modulation of transgene expression without becoming refractory to induction. The @entity38595 -responsive promoter retained its inducibility also in chondrogenically differentiated MSC/Luc cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate that on demand transgene expression from the @entity38595 -responsive promoter using naturally occurring inflammatory cytokines can be induced in undifferentiated and chondrogenically differentiated @entity1641 MSCs.

title: Inflammation-induced transgene expression in genetically engineered XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative joint disorder']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rheumatoid and psoriasic @entity625 involve @entity2720 symmetrically and distal joints asymmetrically, respectively, the differential diagnosis between these two types of @entity625 is not easy. Therefore we investigated which US signs could help the diagnosis and/or treatment of these conditions and compared them with radiographic patterns and articular and physical symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 , 30 @entity1 and 21 @entity1 aged 19-42 years were enrolled in this study. Thirty @entity1 had rheumatoid and 21 psoriasic @entity625 . US of the skin and joints of the fingers was performed with a GE Sonora Logic 500 MD unit with 7.5 and 10 MHz scanheads. We studied the shape of articular bone heads, the intra-articular space distance and the thickness of extensor tendon and of the dermis and hypodermis covering it. These findings show the extent of @entity79 heads and intra-articular space and they indicate cutaneous and articular @entity32 . US patterns were also compared with radiographic findings in all @entity1 . RESULTS: US showed bone and joint and/or inflammatory damage in both types of @entity625 . Articular bone heads had a bodkin-like appearance in proximal phalanges in @entity309 , versus a hook-like appearance in distal phalanges in psoriasic @entity625 . Inflammatory damage was indicated by intra-articular space thinning and by tendon, dermis and hypodermis thickening. These signs, confirmed radiographically, account for finger @entity73 , @entity4 and @entity158 . CONCLUSION: US signs can help the diagnosis of @entity309 . US can show inflammatory damage and the disease evolution.

title: [Ultrasound patterns of XXXX in finger joints].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['deformation and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['damage in articular bone']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['proximal joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid and psoriasic arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Ophthalmic involvement is the most debilitating complication of @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ). The aim of the current study is to report on the efficacy and safety of a long-term use of @entity4020 (IFNa-2a) in the treatment of refractory ophthalmic @entity2403 in the Azari population of Iran. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 @entity1 with ophthalmic @entity2403 who were under IFNa-2a therapy. All these @entity1 had previously been treated unsuccessfully with corticosteroid and at least one conventional immunosuppressive drug. IFNa-2a was administered at a daily dose of 6 million IU (MIU). After controlling the symptoms, a dose of 6 MIU three times per week was applied for 8-12  weeks, and then, a dose of 3 MIU was administered three times per week as a subcutaneous injection. Visual acuity and total inflammatory activity index (TIAI) were used in order to assess the response to the treatment. Response to the treatment and @entity735 were obtained in 10 (83.3  %) and 7 (58.3  %) @entity1 , irrespectively. Improvement or stabilization of visual acuity was observed in 18 (81.8  %) out of 22 eyes. After a mean period of 29.6  months, the use of IFNa-2a was discontinued in eight (66.7  %) @entity1 . Unaltered vision for 2  years after @entity4020 a discontinuation happened in eight (100  %) @entity1 . IFNa-2a is probably effective and safe in the treatment of refractory sight-threatening ophthalmic @entity2403 in the Azari population of Iran.

title: Long-term efficacy and safety of interferon a-2a therapy in severe refractory ophthalmic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['BD', "Behcet's disease"]

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['complete eye remission']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet's disease']


abstract: Production of antibodies to secretin for radioimmunoassay is straightforward. Secretion is iodinated by weak oxydation with lactoperoxydase and subsequent purification by ionexchange chromatography (Sephadex C25). The specific activity of fresh label is between 650 and 900 mCi . mol-6. The label is highly purified and may be used in radioimmunoassay for several months. In order to eliminate plasma interference sepharose-beads with covalently coupled secretin antibodies are used to produce secretin-free standard plasma samples. Delay in the separation of plasma from fresh blood samples can lead to erronous results, even to falsely elevated secretin levels.--Duodental acidification only leads to physiological increases of @entity11384 plasma levels. This may happen by intraduodenal instillation of acid, or by an acidic oral drink, or to a lesser extent after a meal. Secretin is distributed throughout the plasmavolume and has a short halflife of around 3 minutes. Impaired release of secretion is found in @entity1 with @entity66 . The role of secretin in peptic ulcer however is not clear. @entity1689 and @entity177 are without effect on plasma secretin levels.

title: [Secretion radioimmunoassay, physiology and pathophysiology in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: @entity751 ( @entity751 ) is a rare complication of @entity6 ( @entity5471 ). It is related to low insulin concentrations and is less common since longer-acting insulins became available. It is characterized by @entity382 , growth and puberty delay, and the presence of elevated transaminases and serum lipids. The aim of this study was to describe the @entity1 from a pediatric @entity6 population that fulfill the criteria of @entity751 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the pediatric @entity6 population with diagnostic criteria of @entity751 currently followed at Hospital de Braga, was performed. RESULTS: From a population of 91 @entity1 with @entity5471 18 years, 6 @entity1 with the criteria for @entity751 were identified: 5 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 . The age at presentation was 13-17 years, with a minimum interval between @entity5471 diagnosis and @entity751 criteria of 4 years. All the @entity1 were prescribed intensive insulin therapy (median daily insulin dose: 0.88 U/kg). All had a previous history of poor glycemic control before the diagnosis of @entity751 with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) between 8.8 and 12.9%. Increase of hepatic enzymes was present in all the @entity1 ; 4 of them had associated @entity382 . All the @entity1 presented puberty delay and cushingoid features. None of the @entity1 presented @entity851 and 5 of them presented @entity2299 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity751 is an ancient entity described in @entity5471 , it still exists, particularly in adolescent females. Being aware of @entity751 is of extreme importance since most of the clinical features are reversible with better glycemic control.

title: XXXX still exists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['mixed dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Mauriac syndrome']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['Mauriac syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate the recurrence rate after laparoscopic excision of @entity43 . STUDY DESIGN: An unrandomized prospective clinical study was performed at 2 tertiary-care centers of 366 @entity1 who had a minimum of 6 months of postoperative follow-up or 6 months after the suspension of medical therapy after laparoscopic @entity43 excision. @entity1 underwent clinical examination and vaginal ultrasonography 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery and subsequently at least once a year. We evaluated the cumulative recurrence rate of @entity158 and clinical findings of @entity43 , the rate of repeated surgery, and the recovery of fertility. RESULTS: During follow-up we observed ultrasonographic recurrence in 26 (7.1%) cases; surgery was repeated in 12 (3.3%) cases. The cumulative rate of ultrasonographic recurrence over 48 months was 11.7%, whereas the cumulative rate of a second surgery was 8.2%. Ultrasonographic cyst recurrence was associated with @entity158 recurrence in 73% of cases, whereas in the remaining 27% the recurrence was asymptomatic. Significant factors related to recurrence of @entity46 would appear to be the stage of disease (P =.03) and previous surgery for @entity46 (P =.003). Eighty-five (23.2%) @entity1 conceived during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic treatment of @entity46 seems to be both effective and reliable. The rate of recurrence appears to be correlated to the duration of follow-up. Stage IV disease and previous surgery for @entity46 are unfavorable prognostic factors.

title: Recurrence of XXXX after laparoscopic excision.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian endometrioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriomas', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian endometrioma']


abstract: Parental care in mammals is influenced by sensory stimuli from @entity1 , and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. To determine the responsiveness to @entity1 cues in nonreproductive adult male @entity7533 ( @entity7533 ) with and without previous experience in caretaking, we exposed 12 males to newborn marmosets and assessed their @entity701 plasma levels and behavioral response. Newborn marmosets housed in transparent enclosures were placed inside the cages of the adult male subjects. Males were exposed four times to two different experimental conditions: (a) newborn enclosures remained closed during the observation period and (b) newborn enclosures were opened during the observation period to allow direct social interaction by the adult males. Blood samples from adult males were collected after each behavioral observation trial to measure the levels of @entity701 . The behavioral responses of adult males exposed to the closed and open newborn enclosures showed a significant difference only with respect to the frequency of displacements, where males moved among the quadrants of their own cages with greater frequency when the newborn enclosure was sealed. Experienced males approached newborn enclosures more frequently, spent more time in close proximity, and carried and recovered newborns more quickly than inexperienced males. The successive exposure to newborns increased the responsiveness in inexperienced males. The highest levels of plasma @entity701 in adult males were recorded following periods of exposure to the sealed newborn enclosures. This suggests that successive exposure to newborns and previous alloparental caregiving experience while living in family groups influences the responsiveness of male marmosets to the sensory cues of newborns.

title: Alloparental responsiveness to newborns by nonreproductive, adult male, @entity7533 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus', 'common marmosets']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['Callithrix jacchus']


abstract: One of the primary purposes of genetic testing for mutations in the @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes in @entity1 with @entity5344 has been to provide accurate advice to at-risk relatives. The provision of such advice has been hampered by a lack of appropriate data regarding the @entity5 risks. Chen and colleagues recently provided precise estimates of the relative risks of @entity5344 in almost 2000 kindreds with such mutations ascertained through @entity5 clinics across USA. The baseline incidence of @entity0 is lower in Australia than in North America. The relative risks derived from the study have been combined with Australian baseline incidence data to estimate the absolute short-term and long-term risks of @entity5344 for Australian carriers of different ages. The results are presented as a series of graphs that may be useful in counselling an unaffected carrier of a specified age. It is of note that the incidence of @entity0 in carriers is high in premenopausal @entity1 , but approaches the population incidence in postmenopausal @entity1 . Conversely, the incidence of @entity43 continues to increase from the age of 40 years. Among carriers of @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutations, the cumulative lifetime risk of developing @entity0 is 50-60% and the equivalent risk of @entity43 is 20-40%. An unaffected carrier aged 60 years is at greater risk of developing @entity43 than @entity0 . These observations have important implications for genetic counselling and decisions regarding prophylactic surgery.

title: @entity5 risks for Australian @entity1 with a XXXX or a @entity2674 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer', 'breast and ovarian cancers', 'familial breast/ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'familial cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: Ior egf/r3, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against @entity470 ( @entity470 ) was generated at the Cuban Institute of Oncology. Immunoscintigraphic studies in 148 @entity1 with this @entity1136 (99Tc) labeled mAb, showed a high sensitivity and specificity for in vivo detection of @entity5 . To study safety, pharmacokinetic and immunogenicity of ior egf/r3 at high doses, a phase I clinical trial was conducted. Nineteen @entity1 with advanced @entity5 received 4 mAb intravenous infusions at 6 dose levels: from 50 to 500 mg. Previously, immunoscintigraphic images using the same mAb labeled with 99Tc were acquired. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis and HAMA response. After mAb therapy, objective response was classified according to WHO criteria. Ior egf/r3 was well tolerated in spite of the high-administered doses. Only a severe adverse reaction consisting of @entity551 and lethargy was observed. In 13 @entity1 , selective accumulation of 99Tc-labeled mAb was observed at the site of the primary @entity5 or the @entity3 . Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that elimination half-life and the area under the time-concentration curve increased linearly with dose. HAMA response was detected in 17 @entity1 . After 6 months of mAb therapy, 4 @entity1 had stable disease. One @entity1 had a @entity5 partial remission after 3 cycles of ior egf/r3.

title: Phase I clinical evaluation of a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['99-m Technetium']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Host innate immunity contributes to @entity311 clinical outcome by providing protective inflammatory cytokines such as @entity379 , and by shaping the adaptive immune response. @entity3964 (Pf) is the etiologic agent of the most severe forms of @entity1 @entity311 . Natural Killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are the first effectors to produce @entity379 in response to Pf. However, the molecular bases of Pf-NK cell recognition events are unknown. Our study focuses on the role of Pf erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), a major Pf virulence factor. PfEMP1 is expressed on parasitized-erythrocytes and participates to @entity455 through the binding to several host receptors. PfEMP1 is also a pivotal target for host antibody response to Pf @entity281 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using genetically-engineered parasite mutant strains, a @entity1 @entity74 , and blocking antibodies, we identified two receptor-ligand pairs involved in two uncoupled events occurring during the sensing of Pf @entity281 by NK cells. First, PfEMP1 interaction with one of its host receptor, chondroitin sulfate A, mediates the cytoadhesion of Pf-infected erythrocytes to @entity1 NK cell lines, but is not required for primary NK cell activation. Second, @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), another host receptor for PfEMP1, is mandatory for NK cell @entity379 response. In this case, @entity2071 acts via its engagement with its host ligand, @entity1453 , and not with PfEMP1, consistent with the obligatory cross-talk of NK cells with macrophages for their production of @entity379 . CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: PfEMP1-independent but @entity2071 / @entity1453 -dependent events occurring during NK cell activation by Pf highlight the fundamental role of cellular cooperation during innate immune response to @entity311 .

title: Dissection of the role of PfEMP1 and @entity2071 in the sensing of XXXX -infected erythrocytes by natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium-falciparum']


abstract: Pancreatolblastomas are rare @entity5 in childhood. We report a 3-year-old @entity1 with a @entity5 of the head of pancreas. Staging by bone scintigraphy and CT scans of abdomen and chest did not show evidence of @entity3 . @entity5 markers showed elevated levels of @entity160 (64 ng/ml; normal 0-10 ng/ml) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (423 U/l; normal range below 300 U/l). The @entity5 was macroscopically completely removed by local resection. @entity86 grading was pT1, NO, MO. The @entity1 recovered very soon after surgery without severe complications. @entity5 markers dropped to normal values, indicating complete remission (follow-up time 12 months). According to the biological growth characteristics of @entity3017 and to the literature, localized and non-metastatic @entity5 should be completely resected without radical pancreatoduodenectomy and without adjuvant chemotherapy. This is the most conservative therapy with a good prognosis. However, @entity3 , primarily inoperable conditions or local relapses are indications for chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and followed by resection of the @entity5 . At present, the prognosis of such cases is rather poor.

title: @entity3017 in XXXX . Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'embryonal malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastomas']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-1 fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the role of @entity419 ( @entity419 ) PET/computed tomography (CT) in identifying missed distant @entity3 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) who were assessed by conventional imaging methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three consecutive @entity1 with histopathologically proven LABC with negative conventional imaging results for distant @entity3 were included in the study. All of them underwent @entity419 PET/CT within a week after conventional imaging. RESULTS: @entity419 PET/CT findings suggestive of distant @entity3 were noted in 11/43 @entity1 , and 10 of them were confirmed to have true-positive distant metastatic disease on clinical follow-up of 6 months. None of the @entity1 with negative @entity419 PET/CT for distant @entity3 developed distant @entity3 during the follow-up. @entity419 PET/CT had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 96.8, 91, and 100%, respectively, for identifying distant @entity3 missed by conventional imaging. In addition, @entity419 PET/CT suggested previously unknown lymph nodal @entity3 in 16/43 (37%) @entity1 . Change in stage was noticed in 17/43 (39.5%) @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET/CT is a sensitive and specific imaging modality for identifying distant @entity3 in @entity1 with LABC missed by conventional imaging. In addition, it detects unknown lymph nodal @entity3 in a significant proportion of @entity1 and hence can be used routinely in staging of @entity1 with LABC.

title: Role of @entity419 PET/CT in identifying distant metastatic disease missed by conventional imaging in XXXX with locally advanced @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bias and precision of three methods of measuring glomerular filtration rate (GFR) relative to a standard method. DESIGN: Prospective, outpatient study. SETTING: University-affiliated general clinical research center. @entity1 : Twenty-six @entity1 with various degrees of renal function (GFR range 25-151 ml/min/1.73 m2). INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 received @entity10817 twice during the study visit, first as a bolus injection and then as a priming dose followed by a constant-rate infusion for 2.5 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Plasma (ClpIVB) and renal clearances (ClrIVB) after bolus injection and plasma clearance during constant-rate infusion (ClpINF) were compared with standard renal clearance during constant-rate infusion (ClrINF). All three measures were highly correlated with ClrINF (r>0.90, p<0.001). The mean ClrIVB was not significantly different from ClrINF (106.3+/-30.4 vs 104.2+/-28.5 ml/min/1.73 m2) and provided a precise (8.8%, 95% CI 6.5-11.1%) and unbiased measure of GFR. Both ClpIVB and ClpINF were positively biased; values exceeded ClrINF by 11.8+/-11.1 (p=0.0001) and 10.5+/-12.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p=0.0003), respectively. Use of a nonrenal correction factor of 9.8 and 10.5 ml/min/1.73 m2 for infusion and bolus plasma clearance values, respectively, eliminated bias and improved the precision of these methods. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10817 renal clearance after bolus injection is a simple, accurate, and precise measurement of GFR and may be a useful alternative to the standard infusion method in clinical investigations. The corrected plasma clearance provides a simple index of GFR for clinical practice.

title: Comparison of XXXX clearance methods for measuring GFR.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['Iothalamate', 'iothalamate']

answer: @entity10817 :: (MESH:D007483,Chemical) :: ['iothalamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health-care costs are growing, with little population-based data about @entity1 's priorities for end-of-life care, to guide service development and aid discussions. AIM: We examined variations in @entity1 's priorities for treatment, care and information across seven European countries. DESIGN: Telephone survey of a random sample of households; we asked respondents their priorities if 'faced with a serious @entity221 , like @entity5 , with limited time to live' and used multivariable logistic regressions to identify associated factors. SETTING/ @entity1 : Members of the general public aged >=  16 years residing in England, Flanders, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. RESULTS: In total, 9344 individuals were interviewed. Most @entity1 chose 'improve quality of life for the time they had left', ranging from 57% (95% confidence interval: 55%-60%, Italy) to 81% (95% confidence interval: 79%-83%, Spain). Only 2% (95% confidence interval: 1%-3%, England) to 6% (95% confidence interval: 4%-7%, Flanders) said extending life was most important, and 15% (95% confidence interval: 13%-17%, Spain) to 40% (95% confidence interval: 37%-43%, Italy) said quality and extension were equally important. Prioritising quality of life was associated with higher education in all countries (odds ratio = 1.3 (Flanders) to 7.9 (Italy)), experience of caregiving or bereavement (England, Germany, Portugal), prioritising @entity158 /symptom control over having a positive attitude and preferring @entity204 in a hospice/palliative care unit. Those prioritising extending life had the highest home @entity204 preference of all groups. Health status did not affect priorities. CONCLUSIONS: Across all countries, extending life was prioritised by a minority, regardless of health status. Treatment and care needs to be reoriented with @entity1 education and palliative care becoming mainstream for serious conditions such as @entity5 .

title: Priorities for treatment, care and information if faced with serious XXXX : a comparative population-based survey in seven European countries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity625 ( @entity625 ), a bacteria-specific T cell response to the triggering microbe is detected in synovial fluid. So far, direct characterization of bacteria-specific T cells and identification of the immunodominant fine specificities remain difficult due to the lack of appropriate techniques. The aim of the present study was to directly determine the fine specificity of @entity404 + T cells specific to @entity625 -associated bacteria-derived protein. METHODS: In 2 @entity1 with Yersinia-induced @entity625 , live Yersinia @entity11217 -specific @entity404 + T cells were directly isolated from synovial fluid after stimulation with Yersinia-derived protein @entity11217 using a cytometric cytokine secretion assay. Generated short-term T cell lines were then tested in vitro for their peptide epitope specificity. Also, direct cross-reactivity of one line with Chlamydia- and @entity1 -derived @entity11217 was assessed. RESULTS: Generated short-term @entity404 + T cell lines were highly antigen-specific and revealed single immunodominant peptide epitopes that were confirmed by direct testing with single peptides in both peripheral blood and synovial fluid cells. Yersinia @entity11217 -specific T cells of one @entity1 cross-reacted directly with @entity1 @entity11217 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate the feasibility of direct assessment of live, potentially pathogenic, antigen-specific interferon-gamma+ @entity404 + T cells taken from inflammatory lesions of @entity1 with @entity627 such as @entity625 . This might have implications not only regarding pathogenesis, but also in the design of new immunotherapies.

title: Identification of immunodominant @entity404 + T cell epitopes in @entity1 with Yersinia-induced XXXX by cytometric cytokine secretion assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis', 'ReA']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['reactive arthritis']


abstract: Based on cytological criteria, three types of @entity1129 may be distinguished in the germinal epithelium of normal @entity1 . Cells belonging to Type I conform to A pale spermatogonia and those classified as Type II conform to A dark-spermatogonia according to Clermont ()963). @entity164 do not meet the criteria set up by Clermont. Quantitative analysis of the germinal epithelium of two normal @entity1 indicates that 50% of the A-spermatogonia may be classified as Type I, 20% as Type II and 30% as @entity164 . Type II-spermatogonia appear preferentially reduced in @entity1 treated with antiandrogens. In one of the two cases, Type I-spermatogonia were found to have increased to as much as 88%. At the same time, @entity164 appeared to have decreased to 12%. Thus, Type II-cells were eliminated from the germinal epithelium. Long-term treatment with antiandrogens also altered the morphology of organelles in the spermatogonia. Based on these findings, a new concept concerning the sequence of events in the spermatogoniogenesis is advanced.

title: [Light and electron microscope studies of the morphology of A spermatogonia in XXXX with normal spermatogenesis and in @entity1 treated with antiandrogens].

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Type III-spermatogonia']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-Spermatogonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Arterial baroreflex control of the heart and peripheral circulation is markedly impaired in @entity1 and animals with @entity712 . After reversal of @entity712 in animal models, arterial baroreflex control of heart rate remains impaired for up to 8 months. Cardiac transplantation restores normal ventricular function and completely reverses @entity712 , but does it normalize arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in @entity1 ? We studied baroreflex sensitivity in 11 @entity1 with severe @entity712 , six normal control @entity1 , and 23 @entity1 at 2 weeks to 4 years after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed with intravenous bolus injections of @entity2647 and is expressed as change in RR or PP interval (msec) per millimeters of @entity349 rise in systolic arterial pressure. Atrial rate of both donor (denervated) and recipient (innervated) atria were measured in the transplant group. Baroreflex sensitivity in @entity1 with severe @entity712 was 2.0 +/- 0.3 msec/mm Hg, but in @entity1 after cardiac transplantation, it was 13.0 +/- 0.9 msec/mm Hg (p less than 0.001). The responses in the transplant group were similar to those observed in normal controls (10 +/- 1.2 msec/mm Hg, p = NS). Our data indicate that @entity1 with severe @entity712 have marked abnormalities of baroreflex control, which are reversed as early as 2 weeks after cardiac transplantation. In view of this rapid reversal, we consider it unlikely that abnormal baroreflex sensitivity seen in @entity712 is due to structural alterations in the baroreceptors. We speculate that neurohumoral rather than structural abnormalities account for @entity308 baroreflex sensitivity in @entity712 .

title: Arterial baroreflex abnormalities in XXXX . Reversal after orthotopic cardiac transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: Metallic foreign bodies in the intradural location are rare. Even rarer is the absence of neurodeficit in such cases. We report a case where the @entity1 came to the outdoor department of our hospital with symptoms of @entity613 . From history the @entity1 did not volunteer the information which was pertinent to his symptomatology. On examination he was asked about the small scar in his lumbar region. He attributed it to the subjectively insignificant @entity130 he had sustained when he had been trapped in a crossfire and had been hit by a fragment. The @entity1 had been absolutely symptom free for 12 months after the event followed by 6 months of increasing claudication. X-ray and CT examination revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body in the lumbar spinal canal. Surgical exploration and removal correlated the presence. This case report substantiates the view that a @entity1 with a foreign body in the spinal canal is always a potential candidate for surgery.

title: Late onset XXXX in a case of metallic intradural ballistic fragment.

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['neurogenic claudication']


abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the association between glycemic control understanding as a glycated haemoglobin level and indices of @entity3949 . METHODS: We evaluated 204 @entity1 with @entity6 (type 1 - 29; type 2 - 175). Glycated haemoglobin was determined using The @entity6 Control and Complications Trial/ National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program method. Evaluation of complaints from the lower extremities was based on the @entity16 Total Score questionnaire. We used a mono lament for evaluation of touch sensation (Semmes-Weinstein 5.07-10 g), a 128 Hz calibrated tune-fork for the vibration perception test, Tip-Therm to assess temperature sensation. RESULTS: The mean glycated haemoglobin level was assessed on 8.53  1.87%. The mean @entity16 Total Score: 11.45  6.37. Decreased sensation of touch on both sides was determined in 30% of cases, decreased sensation of temperature in 59% and decreased sensation of vibration in 30%. For @entity16 Total Score and glycated haemoglobin the Pearson's correlation test was 0.00910 (p   0.99), Spearman's rank correlation test was 0.00523 (p   0.95). @entity1 with @entity1109 and @entity16 symptoms had not significantly higher ( @entity16 Total Score, temperature sensation disturbances) and not significantly lower (vibration and touch) glycated haemoglobin level compared to @entity1 without @entity16 . CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between prevalence and advancement of @entity16 and current @entity6 control in @entity1 with long-term established @entity6 .

title: Current glycaemic control has no impact on the advancement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensorial neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'Neuropathy Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['sensation deficits']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The paper describes a clinical case of a female @entity1 with @entity8 due to light chain @entity66 caused by secretion of k Bence-Jones protein. Complete immunochemical remission was achieved after induction therapy using a @entity1749 + @entity786 + @entity619 regimen. Renal function remained unchanged (glomerular filtration rate 16 ml/min), there was a reduction in @entity644 from 5.8 to 2.6 g/day. High-dose @entity3601 (200 mg/m2) chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autotransplantation was performed as consolidation of remission. A year posttransplantation, there was no secretion of k light chains; however, monoclonal IgG lambda emerged in a quantity of 3.2 g/l. At the same period, @entity1985 became progressive (daily @entity644 12 g) and dialysis-dependent @entity177 developed. A repeat renal biopsy specimen revealed changes, suggesting that there was a decrease in renal deposits of k light chains. Simultaneously with this, the obvious negative trend as progressive @entity9161 and fixation of IgG and    light chains in the glomeruli (in the @entity3808 areas) cause IgG   monoclonal protein to be involved in the genesis of further @entity8 . Attention is also paid to different characteristics of capillary wall deposits by density (according to the electron microscopic findings), which may point to their different qualitative composition and possibly different formation duration. Papaprotein G   disappeared after a year without therapy, suggesting its reactivity. The findings confirm that worse renal function is caused by the action of paraprotein G   due to secondary (after autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation) @entity1581 .

title: [Secondary XXXX after bone marrow autotransplantation as a cause of worse renal function in light chain immunoglobulin @entity66 ].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deposition disease']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity1581 :: (MESH:D010265,Disease) :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of acute and chronic stimulation in the anteromedial part of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) on the symptoms of @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Six @entity1 with severe @entity191 (Hoehn and Yahr stage 4-5 in "off" drug condition) with motor fluctuations and @entity910 ( @entity910 ) were operated on. Chronic electrodes were implanted in the anteromedial GPi bilaterally in five @entity1 and unilaterally in one @entity1 . The effect of stimulation via the four contacts for each electrode (n=11) was assessed postoperatively on the contralateral parkinsonian signs in the off condition and on the contralateral and ipsilateral @entity910 . The core assessement program for intracerebral transplantation protocol was performed before surgery and then 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery in on and off conditions and in on and off stimulation conditions. RESULTS: Stimulation performed postoperatively showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) by 47% ( @entity2003 ) and 32% (contralateral bradykinesia) when stimulation was applied through the distal contact. Levodopa induced @entity910 were improved by 95% (contralateral @entity910 ) and by 66% (ipsilateral @entity910 ) when stimulation was applied through the distal contact. Six months after the surgery, GPi stimulation in the off condition led to a mean improvement in the motor score of UPDRS by 36%. The mean daily duration in the off state decreased by 52% (p<0.05). The mean duration of @entity32972 decreased by 68% (p<0.05) and their severity by 53% (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic stimulation in the anteromedial GPi shows that this is a safe and effective treatment for advanced @entity191 with benefit sustained for at least 6 months.

title: Acute and chronic effects of anteromedial globus pallidus stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral rigidity']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['LID', 'levodopa induced dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias', 'LID in the "on" condition']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The influence of antiplatelet glycoprotein (GP) antibodies on megakaryocytopoiesis in @entity1 with @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) has been well studied. However, the influence of GP antibodies on proplatelet formation is poorly understood. Here we investigated whether in vitro @entity1 megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation are affected by various monoclonal antiplatelet GP antibodies (MoAb). The megakaryocyte colony formation inhibition assay was performed by methylcellulose culture with modifications, using peripheral blood nonadherent mononuclear cells. The proplatelet formation inhibition assay was performed by megakaryocytes derived from @entity2280 (+) cells, stimulated with @entity21929 + @entity6826 , which were then incubated with antiplatelet GP MoAb for 24 or 48 hours. Anti-GP-Ibalpha MoAb ( @entity27463 ; @entity3565 ) slightly inhibited megakaryocyte colony formation (P < .05). and strongly inhibited proplatelet formation (after 24 hours incubation, P < .0002; after 48 hours incubation, P < .0007). Anti-GP-IIb MoAb ( @entity1427 ; 5B12) inhibited only proplatelet formation (only after 24 hours incubation, P <. 03). Anti- @entity9615 MoAb ( @entity9615 / @entity1428 ; 23C6) only slightly inhibited colony size (P < .05). However, anti-GP-IIIa MoAb ( @entity1428 ; Y2/51) did not inhibit either colony formation or proplatelet formation. These results suggest that antiplatelet GP MoAbs have differing effects on in vitro megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation.

title: Influence of monoclonal antiplatelet glycoprotein antibodies on in vitro XXXX megakaryocyte colony formation and proplatelet formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21929 :: ('MESH:D013926', 'Chemical') :: ['thrombopoietin']

entities_list: @entity6826 :: ('4254', 'Gene') :: ['stem cell factor']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic or immune thrombocytopenic purpura', 'ITP']

entities_list: @entity9615 :: ('3685', 'Gene') :: ['CD51', 'integrin alphavbeta3']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have found @entity28 to be associated with an increased prevalence of @entity565 . For reasons that remain unclear, this association has often been reported to be stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . One possible explanation might be that these studies have used body mass index to identify adiposity, which might be a less reliable measure of body fat in @entity1 than in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to explore the association between body fat percentage measured by means of bioelectrical impedance analysis and @entity565 , @entity1224 in @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: Respiratory questionnaires, spirometry, bronchodilator response, exhaled @entity842 level, and percentage of body fat were measured in a population-based cohort of approximately 1000 individuals at age 32 years. RESULTS: There was a significant association between the percentage of body fat and @entity565 in @entity1 (P = .043) but not in @entity1 (P = .75). Airflow obstruction was associated with percentage of body fat in @entity1 (P = .046), but there was an inverse association in @entity1 (P = .010). Bronchodilator responsiveness was also associated with lower body fat in @entity1 (P = .004). Airway @entity32 , measured by means of exhaled @entity842 , was not associated with body fat in either @entity1 (P = .17) or @entity1 (P = .25). CONCLUSION: @entity1386 is associated with @entity565 and airflow obstruction in @entity1 . This does not appear to be mediated by airway @entity32 . In @entity1 airflow obstruction and bronchodilator responsiveness are associated with a lower percentage of body fat. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: In @entity1 , but not in @entity1 , @entity28 is associated with @entity565 and airflow obstruction, but there was no association with airway @entity32 .

title: @entity1386 , XXXX , and airway @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['Adiposity']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction, and airway inflammation']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine whether use of a @entity9190 inhibitor or (2) @entity5345 /2 mutation testing followed by a @entity9190 inhibitor for test positives is potentially cost-effective for maintenance treatment of @entity902 -sensitive recurrent high-grade serous @entity43 . METHODS: A modified Markov decision analysis compared 3 strategies: (1) observe; (2) olaparib to progression; (3) @entity5345 /2 mutation testing; treat mutation carriers with olaparib to progression. Progression-free survival and rates of adverse events were derived from a phase 2 randomized trial. Key assumptions are as follows: (1) 14% of @entity1 harbor a @entity6069 mutation; (2) progression-free survival of individuals treated with olaparib is improved for BCRA1/2 carriers compared with noncarriers (estimated hazard ratio, approximately 0.4). Costs derived from national data were assigned to treatments, adverse events, and @entity6069 test. Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. RESULTS: Global olaparib was the most effective strategy, followed by @entity6069 testing and no olaparib. @entity6069 testing had an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of  193,442 per progression-free year of life saved (PF-YLS) compared to no olaparib, whereas global olaparib had an ICER of  234,128 per PF-YLS compared to @entity6069 testing. At a 52% lower-than-baseline olaparib cost estimate of  3000 per month, @entity6069 testing became potentially cost-effective compared with observation, with an ICER of  100,000 per PF-YLS. When strategy (1) was removed from the analysis, @entity6069 testing was the preferred strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of maintenance olaparib in @entity1 with high-grade serous @entity43 is not cost-effective regardless of whether @entity6069 testing is used to direct treatment. However, @entity6069 testing is a preferred strategy compared to global maintenance olaparib alone.

title: Cost-effectiveness of @entity5345 and BRCA2 mutation testing to target @entity9190 inhibitor use in XXXX -sensitive recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) function is a major prognostic factor in @entity1 (pts) with operated @entity215 ( @entity215 ). We compared the results of RV speckle tracking (two-dimensional [2D] strain) with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this setting. METHODS: At transthoracic echocardiogram (echo), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), velocity of S-wave at tricuspid annulus with tissue Doppler, and 2D strain (longitudinal maximal systolic strain) were recorded. Their results were compared to RV indexed end-diastolic volume (EDV), indexed end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ), and RV ejection fraction (EF) at MRI. RESULTS: Twenty-two pts (16 M) aged 11-62 years (mean 23.2    10.8) were included. Parameters of RV systolic function were as follows: RVFAC = 40    10%, TAPSE = 18    4 mm, S-wave = 10    0.2 cm/sec, and RV EF at MRI = 43    11%. Global RV systolic strain was -15.5    4.2%, free wall strain was -15.1    6.3%, and septal strain was -15.8    3.8% on average for the whole group. Echo indexed RV end-diastolic area correlated with EDV at MRI (r = 0.73), as well as echo indexed RV end-systolic area and @entity5778 at MRI (r = 0.71). Global RV 2D strain correlated well with RV EF at MRI: r = 0.68; P < 0.05, and with @entity5778 at MRI: r = 0.63. Feasibility, intra- and inter-observer reproducibility of 2D strain were adequate. CONCLUSIONS: Speckle tracking is a promising method to estimate RV systolic function in pts operated on for @entity215 .

title: Value of speckle tracking for the assessment of right ventricular function in XXXX operated on for @entity215 . Comparison with magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot', 'TOF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pretreatment nutritional status is an important prognostic factor in patients treated with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. In the era of target therapies, its value is overlooked and has not been investigated. The aim of our study is to evaluate the value of nutritional status in targeted therapy. METHODS: A total of 2012 patients with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were reviewed and 630 patients with activating @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutation treated with @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) were enrolled for the final analysis. @entity417 , body mass index (BMI), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) were considered as nutritional factors. Hazard ratio (HR), progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for each group were calculated by Cox proportional analysis. In addition, scores were applied for each category and the sum of scores was used for survival analysis. RESULTS: In univariable analysis, @entity417 (HR, 1.29; p = 0.015), BMI lower than 18.5 (HR, 1.98; p = 0.002), and PNI lower than 45 (HR, 1.57; p < 0.001) were poor prognostic factors for PFS. Among them, BMI and PNI were independent in multi-variable analysis. All of these were also significant prognostic values for @entity1349 . The higher the sum of scores, the poorer PFS and @entity1349 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment nutritional status is a prognostic marker in @entity1149 patients treated with @entity470 TKI. Hence, baseline nutritional status should be more carefully evaluated and adequate nutrition should be supplied to these patients.

title: Nutritional status in the era of target therapy: poor nutrition is a prognostic factor in @entity1149 with activating XXXX mutations.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to retrospectively compare the mid-term to long-term outcomes between unilateral pedicle screw (UPS) and @entity6479 ( @entity6479 ) augmented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) in @entity179 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Recently, UPS fixation has been applied in TLIF, for its satisfactory clinical outcome, less implants and less invasiveness. However, only short-term outcome has been reported, the mid-term to long-term outcome has not been well characterized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2007 to February 2011, 215 of 348 consecutive @entity1 suffering from @entity179 were operated in our hospital and accomplished a minimum of 4-year follow-up. These @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the operative techniques: UPS group (n=109), and @entity6479 group (n=106). Operative time, @entity190 , length of hospital stay, hospital bill, fusion status, and complications were recorded and analyzed statistically. Visual analog scale, @entity717 index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were used to assess the preoperative and @entity282 and functional outcome. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 52.2 months. A significant decrease occurred in operative time, @entity190 , and hospital bill in unilateral group, compared with bilateral group (P<0.05). The average postoperative visual analog scale, @entity717 index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores improved significantly in each group than the preoperative counterparts (P<0.05); however, there were no significant difference between groups at any follow-up time point (P>0.05). No statistically difference was detected regarding fusion rate and complication rate between the 2 groups (P>0.05), except the cage migration rate (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: UPS fixation could achieve satisfactory clinical outcome similar to bilateral fixation in TLIF at a mid-term to long-term follow-up. To avoid cage migration, bullet-shaped cages should not be used in the unilateral group.

title: Unilateral Versus Bilateral Pedicle Screw Fixation in Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Monocentric Study of 215 XXXX With a Minimum of 4-Year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity6479 :: ('MESH:D012610', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pedicle screw', 'BPS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social perception is a key aspect of social cognition which has so far not been investigated in @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ). This study aimed to investigate social perception in individuals with @entity1278 (BN). METHODS: Outpatients with @entity1278 (restricting subtype [ @entity1278 -R]: n=51; binge-purge subtype [ @entity1278 -BP]: n=26) or BN (n=57) and 50 healthy control (HC) @entity1 completed the Interpersonal Perception Task (IPT-15). This is an ecologically valid task, which consists of 15 video clips, depicting complex social situations relating to intimacy, status, kinship, competition and deception. The @entity1 have to assess relationships between protagonists' based on non-verbal cues. RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference between groups on the IPT total score and subscale scores. Group differences on the Intimacy subscale approached significance so post hoc comparisons were carried out. HCs performed significantly better than @entity1278 -R @entity1 in determining the degree of intimacy between others. CONCLUSIONS: Social perception is largely preserved in @entity1277 @entity1 . Individuals with @entity1278 -R @entity73 in identifying intimacy in social situations, this may be due to the lack of relationship experience. Further research into different aspects of social cognition is required to establish the link between interpersonal difficulties and @entity1277 psychopathology.

title: Social perception in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['show impairments']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa', 'AN']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: AIMS: Measure adherence and biofilm formation by cells of @entity3069 , @entity4594 and @entity7665 on common household plumbing materials namely stainless steel, glass, @entity219 -galvanized steel, @entity920 and @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Coupons in a CDC biofilm reactor were exposed to cell suspensions containing 10(5) NTM colony forming units (CFU) per ml and adherence measured for 6  h. Biofilm formation (increased numbers of adherent CFU) was measured weekly to 21  days in the absence of substantial numbers of suspended mycobacterial cells. Adherence was rapid and substantial with 2000-15  000  CFU  cm(-2) adhering within 1-6  h at room temperature. Biofilm numbers reached as high as 10(7)   CFU  cm(-2) . Biofilm-grown cells of Myco.  avium were more adherent compared with suspension-grown cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3069 , Myco.  intracellulare and Myco.  @entity7665 readily adhered and formed biofilms on all types of plumbing materials. Factors influencing adherence and biofilm formation were species, plumbing material and prior growth.

title: Adherence and biofilm formation of @entity3069 , @entity4594 and XXXX to household plumbing materials.

entities_list: @entity4594 :: ('1767', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium intracellulare']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride', 'PVC']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['abscessus', 'Mycobacterium abscessus']

entities_list: @entity3069 :: ('1764', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium avium']

answer: @entity7665 :: (36809,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A delay in the recovery of effective mechanical atrial function after cardioversion for @entity955 can predispose to @entity1031 . The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of clinical and echocardiographic parameters on the recovery of left @entity11706 after cardioversion of @entity955 . METHODS: One hundred and 36 consecutive @entity1 were evaluated and 80 were randomly cardioverted using either DC shock or i.v. @entity1818 . @entity1 who recovered sinus rhythm (26 @entity1 treated with @entity1818 and 39 @entity1 cardioverted with DC shock) underwent a complete Doppler echocardiographic examination 1 hour after the restoration of sinus rhythm and after 1 and 7 days and 1, 3, and 6 months. The following parameters were evaluated: age, underlying @entity299 , duration and etiology of @entity955 , mode of cardioversion, left ventricular diameters and function, left atrial diameters and function, assessed as atrial ejection force. The relation between these variables and atrial ejection force was tested. RESULTS: Atrial ejection force was greater immediately and at 24 hours after cardioversion in @entity1 who underwent pharmacological therapy compared to @entity1 treated with DC shock. In all groups atrial ejection force increased over time. The mode of cardioversion was significantly associated with the recovery of left atrial mechanical function by day 1 in univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.03-1.6). The other variable associated with atrial ejection force was left atrial size (odds ratio 0.15, 95% confidence interval 0.17-1.9). CONCLUSIONS: Atrial ejection force can be easily measured after cardioversion to obtain accurate information about the recovery of left atrial mechanical function. In the present study the recovery of left atrial function was influenced by the mode of cardioversion and left atrial size.

title: [Restoring the mechanical atrial function after cardioversion of XXXX : clinical and echocardiographic predictive factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contraction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The 31 @entity1 adenovirus (Ad) serotypes form five groups based upon DNA genome homologies: group A ( @entity23898 , 18, 31), group B ( @entity16948 , 7, 11, 14, 16, 21), group C ( @entity477 , 2, 5, 6), group D ( @entity12473 , 9, 10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22-30), and group E ( @entity3667 ) (M. Green, J. Mackey, W. Wold, and P. Rigden, Virology, in press). Group A Ads are highly oncogenic in newborn hamsters, group B Ads are weakly oncogenic, and other Ads are nononcogenic. However, most or all Ads transform cultured cells. We have studied the homology of @entity11650 , @entity36515 , and @entity23898 transforming restriction endonuclease DNA fragments with DNAs of 29 Ad types. @entity11650 HindIII-G (map position 0-7.3), @entity36515 XhoI-C (map position 0-10.8), and @entity23898 (strain Huie) EcoRI-C (map position 0-16) and SalI-C (map position 0-10.6) fragments were purified, labeled in vitro (nick translation), and annealed with DNAs of @entity477 to @entity36516 , @entity2854 to @entity36517 , and Ad26 to Ad31. Hybrids were assayed by using @entity692 . @entity11650 HindIII-G hybridized 98 to 100% with DNAs of group C Ads, but only 1 to 15% with DNAs of other types. @entity36515 XhoI-C fragment hybridized 85 to 99% with DNAs of group B Ads, but only 6 to 21% with DNAs of other types. @entity23898 (Huie) EcoRI-C hybridized 53 to 68% with DNAs of five other @entity23898 strains, 53% with @entity2854 DNA, 56% with Ad31 DNA, but only 3 to 13% with DNAs of other types. In vitro-labeled @entity23898 (Huie) SalI-C hybridized 35 to 71% with DNAs of 6 other @entity23898 strains, 44% with @entity2854 DNA, 52% with Ad31 DNA, but only 2 to 7% with DNAs @entity36515 , @entity2204 , Ad26, or @entity3667 . When assayed using S-1 nuclease, SalI-C annealed 17 to 44% with DNAs of group A Ads. The melting temperatures of the hybrids of @entity11650 HindIII-G with all group C Ad DNAs were 84 degrees C in 0.12 M @entity10457 (pH 6.8). The melting temperature of the @entity23898 (Huie) EcoRI-C hybrid with @entity23898 (Huie) DNA was 83 degrees C, but was only 71 to 77 degrees C with DNAs of other group A Ads. Thus, group C and group B Ads both have very homologous transforming regions that are not represented in DNAs of non-group C Ads or non-group B Ads, respectively. Similarily, group A Ads have unique but less homologous transforming regions. These different transforming nucleotide sequences may be reflected in the different oncogenic properties of group A, B, and C Ads.

title: Transforming region of group A, B, and C adenoviruses: DNA homology studies with twenty-nine XXXX adenovirus serotypes.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Barium meal enteroclysis (BM) is the recommended imaging technique for small bowel inaccessible by ileo-colonoscopy when diagnosing paediatric-onset @entity29 , but it has poor sensitivity and involves ionising radiation. MRI enterography (MRE) is an alternative methodology. AIMS: To critically appraise the published evidence on MRE in the assessment of Paediatric @entity29 by systematic review. METHODS: Review of all English language data reporting MRE for the investigation of @entity1 <18  years with known or suspected @entity8787 . Primary searches of Medline (Jan 1950-April 2012), Cinahl (1966-April 2012) and Pubmed (Jan 1950-April 2012) were performed using keyword and MeSH terms; @entity8787 ; Magnetic resonance imaging; small bowel imaging; EMBASE was then searched. Two authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies tool. RESULTS: Searches yielded 930  035 hits, combination word searches limited to 1983 titles. Fifty-two studies were fully reviewed, 41 were excluded due to lack of paediatric data. Eleven studies of 496 @entity1 were included. All studies used endoscopy as the reference test. 10/496 @entity1 required jejunal intubation for bowel preparation. Meta-analysis of six comparable studies gave a pooled sensitivity and specificity for MRE detection of active terminal ileal @entity30 of 84% and 97% respectively. Studies displayed heterogeneity in bowel preparation, scanning technique, reporting methodology and timing of ileo-colonoscopy in relation to MRE. In three studies comparing BM, MRE had greater sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS: MRE is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis in paediatric @entity29 . Technical considerations require refinement and standardisation; however, MRE has no radiation. Current data suggest that MRE should supersede BM as the SB imaging technique in centres with appropriate expertise.

title: Systematic review: MRI enterography for assessment of small bowel involvement in paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Preoperative @entity1311 -based chemoradiotherapy may improve the response rates and survival in @entity1 with localized @entity418 . We evaluated @entity1311 -based induction chemoradiotherapy in @entity1 with localized @entity418 to determine its feasibility, clinical response, pathologic response, and overall survival. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1995 and 1998, 50 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. At study entry, @entity1 were categorized as either resectable or unresectable according to evaluation by an experienced @entity1514 surgeon. All @entity1 were treated with @entity1311 175 mg/m2 and @entity900 75 mg/m2 on Day 1, 29 with radiotherapy to 3,000 cGy in 15 fractions. Resectable @entity1 underwent esophagectomy 4 weeks later. Postoperatively, @entity1 received two cycles of @entity1311 175 mg/m2 on Day 1 and 5- @entity1487 350 mg/m2 and @entity4181 300 mg on Days 1-3, given every 28 days. @entity1 who were deemed unsuitable for resection from the outset continued radiotherapy to a total dose of 6,000 cGy. RESULTS: Of the 50 @entity1 , all began neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 40 @entity1 underwent surgery, and 25 @entity1 completed postoperative chemotherapy. A pathologic complete response was seen in 7 @entity1 (17.5%). @entity1 with a pathologic response had a median survival of 32.4 months vs. 14.4 months for nonresponders (p < 0.001). @entity1 with a clinical response had a median survival of 25.2 months compared with 15.6 months for nonresponders (p = 0.002). At a median follow up of 19.8 months (range 2.4-100.8), the median survival was 20.4 months and the 3-year overall survival rate was 23.2%. CONCLUSION: Although preoperative @entity900 / @entity1311 with 3,000 cGy was tolerable, this multimodality regimen did not appear to be superior to standard @entity900 / @entity1487 -containing regimens and its use is not recommended.

title: Phase II study of preoperative @entity1311 / @entity900 with radiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil', '5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: This review was conducted to identify the current data on drug interactions with @entity1401 , @entity1363 , and @entity5756 to guide practitioners in the use of these drugs. The Medline electronic database from 1966 through 1998 was used to identify clinical studies of the pharmacokinetic effect of drugs on these three @entity1245 . Of a total of 491 literature reports identified, 59 prospective studies met our selection criteria. The pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC, Cmax, t1/2, and tmax were evaluated for changes following an interaction. To allow comparison between studies, changes in the parameters were normalized relative to the control values. Pharmacodynamic effects and measures, when reported in the original studies as statistically significant, were classified as a strong interaction, and when the interaction was present but not statistically significant, they were classified as mild in this review. As a result, clinically significant drug interactions were noted for all three @entity1245 , although it is clear that statistically significant pharmacokinetic changes do not always translate into clinically significant pharmacodynamic consequences. All three @entity1245 were susceptible to drug interactions, but oral dosing of @entity1363 and @entity5756 resulted in greater alterations in the pharmacokinetic parameters than @entity1401 due to their larger presystemic extraction. @entity3102 and @entity2059 were found to be the most potent metabolic inhibitors that prolonged the duration of or intensified the magnitude of the dynamic response produced by the three @entity1245 . @entity1215 , @entity2049 , and @entity3174 were noted to be potent metabolic inducers, and their treatments result in loss of @entity1245 therapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, potent metabolic inhibitors and inducers can either significantly prolong or diminish the dynamic effects of @entity1245 via their influence on the pharmacokinetics of @entity1245 .

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic consequences of metabolism-based drug interactions with @entity1401 , XXXX , and @entity5756 .

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifampin']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cell production vs the cell loss rate in one of the most important parameters in evaluating growth and biological behavior of @entity5 . Individual cell disintegration in tissues, apoptosis, is a constant finding in various @entity5 and has been shown, by using several techniques, as a recognizable cell death that is different from @entity39 . DESIGN: We studied the apoptosis-proliferation ratio in @entity1071 in the skin, including @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), @entity784 showing @entity5 mass ( @entity37923 ), @entity1892 of the skin (BCL), @entity8548 ( @entity8548 ), and @entity12293 by using terminal @entity9342 ( @entity1977 )- @entity1885 nick end labeling (TUNEL), a newly developed method to detect internucleosomal breaks characteristic of apoptotic cells. SETTING: University referral center. @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 with @entity1071 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proliferation indexes and apoptosis index calculated by using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS: The proliferation indexes in @entity12293 , which were calculated by using immunohistochemical analyses with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen and anti- @entity1758 monoclonal antibodies, were significantly lower than the indexes of @entity4888 , @entity37923 , BCL, and @entity8548 , whereas, the apoptosis index in Lyp was significantly higher than in any other @entity1071 studied. The apoptosis-proliferation ratio in the @entity5 stage of @entity4888 , @entity37923 , and BCL was almost constant, but the ratios in @entity8548 and the plaque stage of @entity4888 were significantly higher than in the other diseases studied. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical behavior of each @entity1071 in the skin seemed to be reflected in the apoptosis and proliferation indexes. We conclude that these indexes may become useful factors in the determination of the diagnosis and the prognosis for @entity1 with @entity1071 .

title: Apoptotic and proliferating cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases', 'lymphoproliferative disease', 'various lymphoproliferative disorders', 'lymphoproliferative diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'solid tumor']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis', 'LyP']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['pseudolymphoma', 'cutaneous pseudolymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9342 :: ('MESH:C027078', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['cutaneous lymphoproliferative diseases']


abstract: Luteolysis is caused by a pulsatile release of @entity3774 (PGF(2alpha)) from the uterus in ruminants, and a positive feedback between endometrial PGF(2alpha) and luteal @entity398 ( @entity40611 ) has a physiologic role in the promotion of luteolysis. The @entity291 corpus luteum (CL) produces vasoactive substances, such as @entity40612 ( @entity40612 ) and angiotensin II (Ang II), that mediate and progress luteolysis. We hypothesized that luteal @entity40611 has an additive function to ensure the CL regression with @entity40612 and Ang II, and that it has an active role in the luteolytic cascade in the @entity291 . Thus, the aim of the present study was to observe real-time changes in the local secretion of luteal @entity40611 and to determine its relationship with other local mediators of luteolysis. @entity262 ( @entity262 ) capillary membranes were implanted surgically into each CL of six cyclic Holstein @entity291 (18 lines total among the six @entity291 ) on Day 15 (estrus == Day 0) of the estrous cycle. Simultaneously, catheters were implanted to collect ovarian venous plasma ipsilateral to the CL. Although the basal secretion of @entity40611 by luteal tissue was maintained during the experimental period, the intraluteal PGF(2alpha) secretion gradually increased up to 300% from 24 h after the onset of luteolysis (0 h; time in which @entity1420 started to decrease). In each @entity262 line (microenvironment) within the CL, the local releasing profiles of @entity40611 were positively associated with PGF(2alpha) and @entity40612 within the CL in all 18 @entity262 lines implanted in the six CLs ( @entity40611 vs. PGF(2alpha), 50.0%; @entity40611 vs. @entity40612 , 72.2%; P < 0.05). On the other hand, the intraluteal @entity40611 was weakly related to Ang II ( @entity40611 vs. Ang II, 27.7%). In the ovarian vein, the peak concentration of @entity3774 increased significantly when the peak of PGF(2alpha) coincided with the peak of @entity40611 after the onset of spontaneous luteolysis (P < 0.05). In conclusion, intraluteal @entity40611 may locally modulate secretion of vasoactive substances, particularly @entity40612 and PGF(2alpha) within the CL, and thus might be one of the luteal mediators of spontaneous luteolysis in the @entity291 .

title: Positive association, in local release, of luteal @entity398 with @entity40612 and @entity3774 during spontaneous luteolysis in the XXXX : a possible intermediatory role for luteolytic cascade within the corpus luteum.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Microdialysis system', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['PGF(2alpha)', 'prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: The recognition of DNA-like phosphorylated polymers by anti-DNA antibodies from the plasma of @entity1252 @entity1 was evidenced a few years ago by our research group. However, the radioimmunological Farr assay used for the assessment of anti-DNA antibodies adsorption was not sensitive enough to give accurate results, particularly in the case of weak levels of antibodies. An alternative method based on the use of radiolabelled species was set up in order to check the validity of previous results. @entity852 resins with different levels in @entity1391 groups substitution were assessed with regard to their interactions with anti-DNA antibodies. Results show that the anti-DNA antibodies affinity is dependent on the composition of the polymers and reaches a maximum for a composition of 17.5-22.5 mol of @entity3151 per 100 mol of monomeric units. This composition corresponds to the DNA-like polymer previously described. A computer-assisted method was used in order to have an insight into the structure of the active sites responsible for the DNA-like behaviour of this polymer. Numerical simulations of the phosphorylation reaction were performed using a Monte Carlo method, taking the structure predictions and the environment of the phosphorylated units into account. A number of thus generated virtual polymers correlated with the experimental results of the adsorption of anti-DNA antibodies. The chemical structure of the active site was determined by computations introducing selected hypotheses on the structure of the phosphorylated units. Moreover, since the number of active sites is directly related to the number of adsorbed anti-DNA antibodies in the experimental results, the most probable structure of the active sites is proposed and compared to a fragment of DNA. Conclusions are that the distances between the @entity1391 groups in the active sites of the DNA-like polymer and in the DNA fragment are similar. Optimal conditions for the purification of @entity1252 sera by highly specific liquid chromatography using phosphorylated @entity852 resins of precise compositions as stationary phases can thus be envisaged, as well as a new method for the detection of anti-DNA antibodies.

title: Biospecific polymers: recognition of phosphorylated XXXX derivatives by anti-DNA antibodies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['Polystyrene', 'polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity852 :: (MESH:D011137,Chemical) :: ['polystyrene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Advanced @entity320 is the most aggressive form of @entity1489 . It is highly metastatic and dysfunctional in melanogenesis; two processes that are induced by @entity5568 . This work presents a @entity320 cell model with low levels of @entity5568 induced by @entity2196 overexpression to study differentiation/dedifferentiation processes. Three clones (A7, @entity23882 and G10) of @entity1 A375 @entity5701 cells with quite distinct phenotypes were obtained. These clones faced @entity5568 scavenging by two main strategies. One developed by clone G10 where ROS increased. This resulted in G10 migration and @entity3 associated with the increased of @entity12386 and @entity8301 . The other strategy was observed in clone A7 and @entity23882 , where ROS levels were maintained reversing malignant features. Particularly, @entity23882 was not tumorigenic, while A7 reversed the @entity5701 phenotype by increasing melanin content and melanocytic differentiation markers. These clones allowed the study of potential differentiation and migration markers and its association with ROS levels in vitro and in vivo, providing a new @entity320 model with different degree of @entity5 .

title: Reprogramming @entity1 A375 XXXX cells by @entity2196 overexpression: Reversion or promotion of @entity5 by inducing melanogenesis or @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity5701 :: ('MESH:D018328', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic', 'amelanotic melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5701 :: (MESH:D018328,Disease) :: ['amelanotic melanoma']