abstract: Advanced @entity712 has been defined as persistent symptoms (NYHA class III-IV) that limit daily life despite routine therapy with agents of known benefit. Although these symptoms can occur both with low and preserved ejection fraction, the majority of reported experience is with low ejection fraction, usually <25%. For this population with expected one year mortality of 30-50%, over twice the mortality of the landmark trials of medical therapy, there is little trial data to guide management, which is based largely on collected experience. Once the disease has progressed to this stage, therapy focuses upon the twin goals of symptom relief and prolongation of survival and is guided according to the hemodynamic profiles defined by clinical assessment. As symptoms at this stage relate largely to the congestion, therapy is targeted to reduction of elevated @entity1211 to near normal levels. The most common obstacle to relief of congestion is the increasingly recognized @entity8 , for which both understanding and therapy are currently limited. Design of the outpatient regimen for advanced @entity712 must be tailored to the individual @entity1 . Many @entity1 with advanced @entity712 cannot tolerate "target" doses of neurohormonal antagonists, and @entity1482 should be used only when clinical and renal function are sufficiently stable and frequently monitored in order to avoid life-threatening @entity4144 . The clinical benefit of bi-ventricular pacing is substantial for the small proportion of @entity1 likely to benefit. The vast majority of @entity1 will never be eligible for cardiac transplantation or ventricular assist devices. To derive maximal benefit from all available therapies, @entity712 management with collaboration of physicians and specialized nurses offers the greatest benefit to the greatest number of @entity1 with advanced @entity712 .

title: Design of therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-renal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure disease', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous and/or systemic venous pressures']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity7388 ( @entity7389 ) is an oxygenated fuel additive which has been used widely in many parts of the world. This experiment was performed to determine the effect of @entity7389 on offspring sex ratio, sex hormones and antioxidant enzymes. A total of 20 adult Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 were divided into four groups and received 0, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day @entity7389 by gavages for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken for determination of sex hormones and antioxidant enzymes. Then, male @entity35 were mated with healthy unexposed female @entity35 and sex of offspring was determined after birth. Sex ratio was 0.48, 0.50, 0.43 and 0.50 in 0, 400, 800 and 1600 mg/kg/day @entity7389 groups, respectively (P = 0.91). There was significant decreasing trend for luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity251 in experimental groups (rs = -0.50, P = 0.030 and rs = -0.67, P = 0.002, respectively). No changes were observed for @entity224 dismutase. However, decrease in @entity2041 peroxidase (GPX) was observed in all treatment groups compared with control which was significant in 400 mg/kg/day @entity7389 group (P = 0.016). The present study showed that paternal exposure to oral @entity7389 has no effect on offspring sex ratio; while, @entity7389 exposure could exert dose-dependent changes in serum @entity251 and LH in treatment groups. The results of the present study, need to be clarified in the future studies.

title: Evaluation of offspring sex ratio, sex hormones and antioxidant enzymes following exposure to @entity7388 in adult male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity7388 :: ('CHEBI:27642', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyl tertiary butyl ether']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: Transplantation of progenitor cells (PCs) has been shown to improve neovascularization and left ventricular function after @entity741 . The fate of transplanted PCs has been monitored by fluorescence labeling or by genetic modifications introducing reporter genes. However, these techniques are limited by the need to kill the experimental animal. The aim of this study was to radiolabel @entity6098 (+) hematopoietic PCs (HPCs) with @entity4769 and to evaluate the feasibility of this in vivo method for monitoring myocardial homing of transplanted cells in a @entity35 @entity583 model. METHODS: @entity1 HPCs were isolated from mobilized peripheral blood and labeled with @entity4769 . Labeled HPCs were injected into the cavity of the left ventricle in nude @entity35 24 h after induction of @entity583 (n = 4) or sham operation (n = 4). Scintigraphic images were acquired up to 96 h after @entity4306 injection. After animals were killed, tissue samples of various organs were harvested to calculate tissue-specific activity and for immunostaining. RESULTS: Labeling efficiency of HPCs was 32% +/- 11%. According to @entity3460 staining, viability of radiolabeled HPCs was impaired by 30% after 48 and 96 h in comparison with unlabeled cells, whereas proliferation and differentiation of HPCs was nullified after 7 d, as assessed by colony-forming assays. After injection of HPCs, the specific activity ratio of heart to peripheral muscle tissue increased from 1.10 +/- 0.32 in sham-operated @entity35 to 2.47 +/- 0.92 (P = 0.020) in infarcted @entity35 . However, the overall radioactivity detected in the heart was only about 1%. A transient high lung uptake of 17% +/- 6% was observed within the first hour after infusion of HPCs. At 24 h after injection, the initial lung activity had shifted toward liver, kidneys, and spleen, resulting in an increase of radioactivity in these organs from 37% +/- 6% to 57% +/- 5%. CONCLUSION: Radiolabeling with @entity4769 is a feasible in vivo method for monitoring transplanted HPCs in a @entity35 @entity583 model. The potential to detect differences in myocardial homing between infarcted and normal hearts suggests that this method may provide a noninvasive imaging approach for clinical trials using transplanted HPCs in @entity1 . Our findings, however, also demonstrated a negative effect of @entity4769 on cellular function, which resulted in complete impairment of @entity4306 proliferation and differentiation. For future trials in stem cell imaging with @entity4769 , therefore, it will be mandatory to carefully check for radiation-induced cell damage.

title: 111In-labeled @entity6098 + hematopoietic progenitor cells in a XXXX @entity583 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan-blue']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The use of @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) in @entity1 with @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) is increasing. However, the clinical benefit of its monitoring has been scarcely studied, and little is known about its pharmacokinetics in this context. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to study and model the pharmacokinetics of @entity3442 ( @entity3443 ; the active moiety of @entity2098 ) in paediatric @entity1 with @entity3441 given @entity2098 , at all stages of the disease; (ii) to develop a Bayesian estimator (MAP-BE) for individual inter-dose area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) prediction in this population, using a limited blood sampling strategy (LSS). Full-pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of @entity3443 collected in paediatric inpatients with @entity3441 already treated with a maintenance immunosuppressive therapy based on @entity2098 (with no calcineurin inhibitors; CNI) were studied. A classical iterative two-stage (ITS) method was applied to model the data and develop MAP-BEs using a one-compartment open model where the absorption is described by a double gamma law allowing the description of a potential enterohepatic recirculation. The performance of the MAP-BE developed for individual exposure assessment was evaluated by the bias and precision of predicted AUCs with respect to measured, trapezoidal AUCs (reference value), and by the proportion of predicted AUCs with absolute error >20%. These PK tools were tested in an independent group of @entity1 . Sixty PK profiles of @entity3443 from @entity1 receiving @entity2098 in association to @entity288 or given alone were included in the study. Forty-five of these PK profiles were used to develop a PK model and a MAP-BE, and 15 for their validation. In the building group, the PK model fitted accurately the PK profiles of @entity3443 : mean residual error of modelled vs. reference AUC was m  SD=-0.015  0.092 (range: -0.153 to 0.204). The MAP-BE which allowed the estimation of @entity3443 AUC on the basis of a 20 min-60 min-180 min LSS was then developed. In the independent group of @entity1 , its mean residual error vs. reference AUCs was m  SD=-0.036  0.145 (range: -0.205 to 0.189). Thus, a PK model and its derived MAP-BE for @entity2098 (without any associated CNI) when given to @entity1 with @entity3441 have been developed. Clinical trials using these PK tools could test the potential impact of the therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity2098 based on the AUC on the clinical evolution of @entity3441 .

title: Development of a Bayesian estimator for the therapeutic drug monitoring of @entity618 in XXXX with @entity3441 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lower @entity5450 (LUTO) with massive @entity1494 impacts on a variety of developing organ systems with consequent morbidity and mortality. The impact of LUTO on the fetal cardiovascular system has not previously been investigated. We hypothesize that a giant, distended bladder within the pelvis may cause @entity2850 with observable consequences. METHODS: Fetal echocardiography was performed in 42 fetuses with LUTO and compared with 35 normal controls matched for gestational age. Parameters investigated included cardiothoracic ratio, presence or absence of @entity123 and @entity2294 . Doppler echocardiographic examination of mitral and tricuspid valve inflow and the ductus venosus was performed. To assess arterial vascular impedance, pulsatility indices (PIs) were calculated for segments of the descending aorta and right and left iliac arteries (RIA and LIA). RESULTS: In the LUTO group an increased cardiothoracic ratio was seen in nine (21%), @entity123 in 12 (29%) and small @entity2294 in 15 (36%). Filling characteristics of the right ventricle in the LUTO group demonstrated greater dependency upon @entity11706 , and ductus venosus flow demonstrated higher downstream impedance to filling, than in controls, suggesting altered compliance. The LUTO group also had lower distal descending aorta PI (1.53    0.38 vs. 1.76    0.44, P = 0.04), lower RIA-PI (1.31    0.29 vs. 1.76    0.44, P < 0.001) and lower LIA-PI (1.41    0.44 vs. 1.73    0.31, P < 0.01) than controls, suggesting @entity2850 and increased impedance to flow. CONCLUSIONS: LUTO with giant urinary bladder compresses the iliac arteries, which may lead to increased afterload. Further study is warranted to examine the impact of fetal treatment such as bladder drainage on these cardiovascular parameters.

title: Fetal cardiovascular effects of lower @entity5450 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['atrial contraction']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['giant bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of right hemidiaphragmatic @entity912 after @entity4501 repair, and successful nonoperative management. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit in an academic, tertiary care medical center. @entity1 : A neonate born to a G1P1Ab0 mother was diagnosed with @entity4501 in the immediate postnatal period. He underwent gastrostomy and colostomy with @entity9358 on day 1 of life, and definitive repair of his esophageal @entity1146 and @entity4501 via a right posterolateral thoracotomy and a retropleural approach on day 6 of life. The @entity1 failed several attempts at postoperative extubation, and a radiograph on day 11 of life revealed a persistently elevated right hemidiaphragm. INTERVENTION: Nonoperative management with noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Restoration of normal diaphragmatic motion. CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights two important points to be considered when @entity4501 repair is performed in @entity1 . First, @entity128 should be included in the differential diagnosis of any @entity1 who has difficulty being weaned from the ventilator in the postoperative period after @entity4501 repair. Second, when @entity912 of the hemidiaphragm does occur, @entity1 should receive an initial trial of nonoperative management, with diaphragmatic plication reserved for those @entity1 who fail to regain diaphragmatic function after 4 to 6 wks.

title: Right @entity128 as a complication of XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous fistula']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) exposure is associated with a substantial risk of @entity943 and nephrotoxicity. These adverse effects may be exacerbated in high-risk conditions such as @entity712 , although no studies have evaluated newer @entity8 agents in this population. This study evaluated the electrophysiologic and renal effects of two newer @entity8 agents, @entity7568 and ioxilan, in @entity712 @entity1 undergoing angiography. METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive @entity712 @entity1 who received either iso-osmolar @entity7568 (n=44) or low-osmolar ioxilan (n=43), stratified for concomitant @entity2643 , were evaluated for QT interval and serum @entity1011 changes in comparison to baseline. QT values were corrected according to three formulae: Bazett's correction, Fridericia formula, and Framingham equation. RESULTS: Baseline @entity1 characteristics were not significantly different in the @entity7568 versus ioxilan groups, except for @entity583 and @entity8 . No significant change in mean QTc was observed after exposure to either @entity8 agent compared to baseline. These results were unaffected by @entity2643 . A significant improvement in serum @entity1011 from baseline was observed in the @entity7568 group compared to the ioxilan group (-0.121    0.35 mg/dL vs. 0.033    0.23 mg/dL, respectively; p=0.045). CONCLUSIONS: No significant change in QTc interval was observed in @entity1 receiving either @entity7568 or ioxilan during angiography. @entity7568 appeared to improve short-term renal function in @entity1 with @entity712 and should be further investigated.

title: Effect of @entity7568 and ioxilan on QT interval and renal function in XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'renal disease', 'Contrast media']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['Iodixanol', 'iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We report a case of @entity3620 discovered by thoracoscopic examination undertaken while formulating a preoperative diagnosis. A 61-year-old male complained of coughing and sputum production, and was admitted because his chest roentgenogram indicated an abnormal shadow. Chest CT scanning demonstrated right @entity1143 and multiple nodules sited on the diaphragm. Because aspiration biopsy of such nodules was difficult, we performed a thoracoscopic examination. The thoracoscopic findings demonstrated bloody @entity1143 in the right thoracic cavity and multiple nodules on the diaphragm, parietal and pulmonary pleura. They were white and 0.5 to 2 cm in size. By excisional biopsy, these were diagnosed as epithelial-type @entity3620 . We therefore performed panpleuropneumonectomy. Even though we completely resected the canal of thoracoscope and drainage tube, microscopic findings showed invasion of @entity2615 cells into this thoracoscopic canal. Although we suggest that, in preoperative diagnosis of @entity5 , thoracoscopy is efficient to perform a pathological examination and confirm the extension of @entity5 , in the actual operation, we believe that the thoracoscopic canal should be resected.

title: [A case of XXXX diagnosed by thoracoscopic biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pleural tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['diffuse malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: @entity10306 , a messenger-independent @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, has been implicated in cell growth. Androgenic stimulus in @entity35 prostate modulates its association with @entity10307 ( @entity10307 ) and chromatin. Because the growth of @entity1 @entity263 cells is influenced by @entity3800 and/or growth factors, we determined the nature of CK2 signaling in the @entity10307 in response to @entity342 and growth factor stimuli. @entity342 -sensitive LNCaP and @entity342 -insensitive PC-3 cells were cultured in media to regulate their growth in the presence of @entity586 ( @entity586 ) or growth factors (epidermal growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, and @entity310 ). The activity of CK2 was measured in the cytosolic and @entity10307 fractions isolated from these cells after treatment with growth stimuli. The changes in CK2 in various fractions were also confirmed by immunoblotting with a specific antibody. LNCaP cells responded to both @entity586 and growth factors for growth. The presence of these agents in the culture medium evoked a translocation of CK2 to the @entity10307 from the cytosol. The PC-3 cells did not respond to @entity586 for growth but did respond to growth factors. Under these conditions, there was also a translocation of CK2 to the @entity10307 concomitant with a decrease in the cytosolic fraction. These results suggest that CK2 translocation to the @entity10307 occurs in response to various growth stimuli in cells in culture. Thus, CK2 is a common downstream signal transducer in response to diverse growth stimuli that may relate to the pathobiology of @entity263 cells.

title: Nuclear matrix targeting of the @entity10306 signal as a common downstream response to @entity342 or growth factor stimulation of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-DHT', '5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor alpha']

entities_list: @entity10307 :: ('MESH:C564596', 'Disease') :: ['NM', 'nuclear matrix']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Purpose: Intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the therapeutic benefits of inhibitors of oncogenic @entity817 in @entity320 . To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with resistance to a @entity817 inhibitor, we compared miRNA expression levels in three cell lines with different @entity817 inhibitor sensitivity. Materials and Methods: miRNA microarray analysis was conducted to compare miRNA expression levels. Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to confirm the expression of differentially expressed miRNAs. The cellular effects of @entity4221 were further examined by @entity98 assay, immunoblotting analysis, cell cycle analysis, flow cytometric assay of apoptosis, and autophagy assay. Results: The miRNA microarray analysis and qRT-PCR identified five miRNAs ( @entity17167 , @entity17168 , @entity4221 , miR-193b-3p, and @entity12425 ) with expression that was consistently altered in two @entity817 inhibitor-resistant cell lines. Among the five miRNAs, a @entity4221 mimic significantly reduced the antiproliferative effects of the @entity817 inhibitor @entity17169 in @entity817 inhibitor-resistant A375P (A375P/Mdr) cells, suggesting that @entity4221 upregulation confers acquired resistance to @entity817 inhibition. In particular, apoptosis was identified as a major type of cell death in @entity4221 -transfected cells; however, @entity39 predominated in mimic-control-transfected cells, indicating that the resistance to @entity17169 in @entity4221 mimic-transfected cells is predominantly due to a reduction in @entity39 . Furthermore, we found that @entity4221 promoted G2/M arrest through autophagy as a way to escape cell death by @entity39 and apoptosis in response to @entity17169 . The promotion of @entity817 inhibitor resistance by @entity4221 was associated with lowered levels of p-ERK. Conclusion: These results suggest that @entity4221 may be a potential therapeutic target in @entity320 with acquired resistance to @entity817 inhibitors.

title: Upregulation of microRNA-1246 is Associated with @entity817 Inhibitor Resistance in XXXX Cells with Mutant @entity817 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Melanoma']


abstract: Matching @entity26 consumption and supply represents a fundamental challenge to multicellular organisms. @entity9968 is a transcription complex which is emerging as a key mediator of @entity26 homeostasis. @entity9968 controls the expression of many genes, including erythropoietin, angiogenic growth factors, @entity413 transporters and glycolytic enzymes. The @entity9968 complex, which contains an alpha and beta subunit (both basic helix-loop-helix proteins of the PAS family) is formed in @entity519 and modulates gene expression through @entity519 response elements. Regulation involves ubiquitin-mediated @entity26 -dependent destruction of the alpha subunit. @entity26 -regulated destruction of HIF-alpha requires the @entity280 suppressor protein (pVHL). pVHL acts as the recognition component of a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex which binds HIF-alpha. Loss of pVHL function, which results in constitutive activation of the @entity519 response, is important in the development of @entity1358 , where both copies of the gene are usually inactivated. The importance of the @entity280 in multicellular organisms is supported by conservation in the @entity2199 @entity2199 . Understanding the events resulting in HIF activation should provide novel therapeutic targets. This would be useful in preventing angiogenesis in @entity5 and promoting adaptive changes in @entity519 /ischaemic tissue.

title: The pVHL-hIF-1 system. A key mediator of XXXX homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel Lindau tumour', 'VHL-HIF system']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of many effective treatments, @entity1 with @entity308 remain at risk for relapse following remission of a @entity308 . The aims of this report are to estimate the relapse rates associated with the acute treatment strategies employed in this study and to investigate demographic and clinical predictors of relapse. METHODS: The study sample includes 225 @entity1 who entered the 6-month continuation treatment phase after remitting from an acute @entity308 . Treatment during the acute phase was interpersonal psychotherapy, SSRI ( @entity837 ), or the combination of the two when monotherapy did not lead to response. Relapse was defined by a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score >= 15, confirmed by the diagnosis of @entity308 . The probability of relapsing was modeled using logistic regression. Three separate models were fit with subgroups of covariates. RESULTS: Of the 225 @entity1 , 29 (12.9%) relapsed and 28 (12.4%) discontinued the protocol prematurely. The proportion of @entity1 who relapsed among the group requiring combination treatment to achieve remission was three times as high as among @entity1 who had remitted with monotherapy. In the final logistic regression model, older age, higher baseline @entity3831 scores, last month (residual) depressive mood spectrum factor score, and requiring combination treatment to achieve remission were each associated with an increased likelihood of relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that greater initial @entity308 severity, greater difficulty in stabilizing symptoms, and presence of residual mood spectrum symptoms once remission is achieved are predictive of relapse. Risk of relapse is more likely as age increases, partly because aging confers lower resilience.

title: Incidence and predictors of relapse during continuation treatment of XXXX with SSRI, interpersonal psychotherapy, or their combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'major depression', 'depressive episode']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: Two cases of @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) scintigraphy are reported: the first case concerns a female @entity1 hospitalized for @entity101 ( @entity101 ) with symptoms evocative of @entity1911 . Urinary titration of @entity2661 metabolites, which are usually abnormally high, and tomodensitometry permit the visualization of a left @entity5 . On the contrary, the MIBG scintigraphy does not show any abnormal fixation. After resection, the pathological examination confirms the diagnosis of @entity1911 . The second case concerns a female @entity1 hospitalized for @entity101 with, on the chest X-Ray, a left postero-inferior density. Serum and urinary @entity2922 levels are normal. Tomodensitometry confirms the @entity5 of the posterior mediastinum and the MIBG scintigraphy demonstrates a focus of @entity5 . After resection, the pathological examination shows an ectopic supernumerary bronchial bud. These two cases illustrate the limitations of MIBG scintigraphy to locate @entity1911 . There are false negative (10%) which may be explained by an insufficient uptake of the tracer by the @entity5 , by an insufficient image formation or by medication interferences. On the contrary, there may be false positives because of histochemical similarities between the chromaffin tissues and certain glandular or @entity5 . Nevertheless, in spite of serious limitations, which we must be aware of, MIBG scintigraphy remains the best primary examination for the location of @entity1911 .

title: [Limitations of scintigraphy using @entity7990 for locating XXXX . Apropos of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure', 'HBP']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neural tumors', 'adrenal tumor', 'thoracic opposite the tumor']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['metaiodobenzylguanidine', 'MIBG']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity22 is a distressing and often persisting consequence of @entity5 . Although @entity73 ( @entity73 ) is the treatment of choice in the general population, the use of @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity5 is complicated, because it can result in transient but substantial increases in @entity25 . In this study, we evaluated whether @entity73 , in combination with the wakefulness-promoting agent @entity2728 (A), results in better @entity22 treatment outcomes in @entity5 survivors than @entity73 alone. @entity1 AND METHODS: We report on a randomized trial of 96 @entity5 survivors (mean age, 56 years; female, 87.5%; @entity0 , 68%). The primary analyses examined whether >=  one of the 7-week intervention conditions (ie, @entity73 , A, or both), when compared with a placebo capsule (P) group, produced significantly greater clinical gains. @entity22 was assessed by the @entity22 Severity Index and @entity25 by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory. All @entity1 received sleep hygiene instructions. RESULTS: Analyses controlling for baseline differences showed that both the @entity73 plus A (P = .001) and @entity73 plus P (P = .010) groups had significantly greater reductions in @entity22 severity postintervention than the P group, with effect sizes of 1.31 and 1.02, respectively. Similar improvements were seen for @entity25 . Gains on both measures persisted 3 months later. @entity73 plus A was not significantly different from @entity73 plus P (P = .421), and A alone was not significantly different from P alone (P = .584). CONCLUSION: @entity73 results in significant and durable improvements in @entity25 . A did not significantly improve the efficacy of @entity73 or independently affect @entity25 .

title: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and XXXX for @entity22 After @entity5 Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CBT-I', 'cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['armodafinil']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'sleep quality', 'insomnia and sleep quality', 'insomnia or sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['Armodafinil']


abstract: Automated control of blood @entity413 (BG) concentration is a long-sought goal for type 1 @entity6 therapy. We have developed a closed-loop control system that uses frequent measurements of BG concentration along with subcutaneous delivery of both the fast-acting insulin analog lispro and glucagon (to imitate normal physiology) as directed by a computer algorithm. The algorithm responded only to BG concentrations and incorporated a pharmacokinetic model for lispro. Eleven subjects with type 1 @entity6 and no endogenous insulin secretion were studied in 27-hour experiments, which included three @entity1735 -rich meals. In six subjects, the closed-loop system achieved a mean BG concentration of 140 mg/dl, which is below the mean BG concentration target of < or =154 mg/dl recommended by the American @entity6 Association. There were no instances of treatment-requiring @entity4053 . Five other subjects exhibited @entity4053 that required treatment; however, these individuals had slower lispro absorption kinetics than the six subjects that did not become hypoglycemic. The time-to-peak plasma lispro concentrations of subjects that exhibited @entity4053 ranged from 71 to 191 min (mean, 117 +/- 48 min) versus 56 to 72 min (mean, 64 +/- 6 min) in the group that did not become hypoglycemic (aggregate mean of 84 min versus 31 min longer than the algorithm's assumption of 33 min, P = 0.07). In an additional set of experiments, adjustment of the algorithm's pharmacokinetic parameters (time-to-peak plasma lispro concentration set to 65 min) prevented @entity4053 in both groups while achieving an aggregate mean BG concentration of 164 mg/dl. These results demonstrate the feasibility of safe BG control by a bihormonal artificial endocrine pancreas.

title: A bihormonal closed-loop artificial pancreas for type 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Laser flare photometry (LFP) is a method used to detect flare in the anterior chamber (AC). Until now several laser flare photometers have been developed and are in use. LFP is not yet used in all major @entity1596 centres and, in order to understand this reluctance and know whether use of LFP is justified and should be recommended, an expert meeting was deemed necessary leading to this publication. Besides others results included the following: There is variation between users with regard to how many readings are necessary varying from 3 to 10. It appears appropriate to use at least 6-10 readings. LFP is most useful in @entity1 with anterior @entity1596 . In @entity1 with posterior and intermediate @entity1596 , at least 15 photons in the anterior chamber is considered the necessary threshold to be reliable to monitor evolution of @entity32 . Factors influencing the measurement of LFP are @entity231 , @entity5575 , pupil size, intraocular lens and shallow anterior chamber but this is mostly irrelevant in pathological situation. LFP can be used to adjust the management of @entity1 with @entity1596 , but not necessarily influence treatment. Exceptions may be @entity1 with JIA and @entity2403 . LFP results should always be interpreted in conjunction with the usually clinical observations. There is some evidence that worsening of the flare on two consecutive visits is predictive of a relapse, especially in @entity1 with @entity2403 . LFP maybe also useful for predicting rejection of corneal transplant when the cornea is not thickened.

title: Controversies in XXXX and immunology laser flare photometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5575 :: ('MESH:D003318', 'Disease') :: ['corneal opacity']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ["Behcet's Disease", "Behcet's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['ocular inflammation']


abstract: @entity15103 (GFP; @entity15103 ) is an exotic species that was introduced into China in 1976 and thereafter it became a major species in freshwater aquaculture. However the gene discovery in this species has been limited to small-scale data collection in China. We used the next generation sequencing technology for the experiment; the transcriptome was sequenced of samples of hepatopancreas organ in individuals from 4 GFP groups (A1, A2, B1 and B2). De novo transcriptome sequencing generated 66,953 isogenes. Using BLASTX to search the Non-redundant (NR), Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) databases; 21,224 unigenes were annotated, 9,552 matched unigenes with the @entity74 ( @entity74 ) classification; 5,782 matched unigenes in 25 categories of Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and 20,859 unigenes were consequently assigned to 312 KEGG pathways. Between the A and B groups 147 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; between the A1 and A2 groups 6,860 DEGs were identified and between the B1 and B2 groups 5,229 DEGs were identified. After enrichment, the A and B groups identified 38 DEGs, but none of them were significantly enriched. The A1 and A2 groups identified 21,856 DEGs in three main categories based on functional groups: biological process, cellular_component and molecular function and the KEGG pathway defined 2,459 genes had a KEGG Ortholog - ID (KO-ID) and could be categorized into 251 pathways, of those, 9 pathways were significantly enriched. The B1 and B2 groups identified 5,940 DEGs in three main categories based on functional groups: biological process, cellular_component and molecular function, and the KEGG pathway defined 1,543 genes had a KO-ID and could be categorized into 240 pathways, of those, 2 pathways were significantly enriched. We investigated 99 queries ( @entity74 ) which related to growth of GFP in 4 groups. After enrichment we identified 23 DEGs and 1 KEGG PATHWAY 'ko04711' relation with GFP growth.

title: De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing Analysis and Comparison of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity15103 :: ('79674', 'Species') :: ['Giant freshwater prawn', 'Macrobrachium rosenbergii']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'Gene Ontology']

answer: @entity15103 :: (79674,Species) :: ['Macrobrachium rosenbergii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the association of tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy and clinical outcome among @entity1 in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent cardiothoracic surgery and were admitted to the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit between September 13, 2007, and November 1, 2007, were enrolled. Clinical and metabolic data were prospectively collected. All @entity1 received intensive insulin therapy using a nurse-driven dynamic protocol targeting blood @entity413 values of 80 to 110 mg/dL. Four stages of @entity3124 were defined as follows: acute @entity3124 (intensive care unit days 0-2), prolonged acute @entity3124 (intensive care unit 3 or more days), chronic @entity3124 (tracheotomy performed), and recovery (liberated from ventilator). RESULTS: One hundred fourteen @entity1 were enrolled. Seventy-three (64%) recovered during acute @entity3124 , 26 (23%) recovered during prolonged acute @entity3124 , and 15 (13%) progressed to chronic @entity3124 . All 6 deaths were among @entity1 in chronic @entity3124 . Admission blood @entity413 and average blood @entity413 values for the first 12 hours were lower in @entity1 who developed chronic @entity3124 and died and were higher in @entity1 who developed chronic @entity3124 and survived (P = .007 and P = .007, respectively). Severe @entity4053 (blood @entity413 <40 mg/dL) occurred once (0.03% of all measurements). Lower initial blood @entity413 values, which reflect an impaired stress response immediately after surgery, were associated with increased mortality, and a significant delay in achieving tight glycemic control with intensive insulin therapy was associated with prolonged intensive care unit course, but no increase in mortality. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that acute postoperative @entity4854 and its prompt correction with intensive insulin therapy are associated with favorable outcomes in @entity1 in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit.

title: Impaired postoperative hyperglycemic stress response associated with increased mortality in XXXX in the cardiothoracic surgery intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity26 -enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) biomarkers have potential value in assessment of @entity1030 , but need further evaluation before treatment-induced changes can be interpreted. The objective was to evaluate how OE-MRI parameters of regional ventilation and @entity26 uptake respond to standard pharmacological interventions in @entity1030 , and how the response compares to that of gold standard pulmonary function tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1030 @entity1 (n=40), mean FEV1 58% predicted normal, received single-dose inhaled @entity6410 9 g, or placebo, followed by 8 weeks treatment bid with a combination of @entity4184 and @entity6410 Turbuhaler(  ) 320/9 g or @entity6410 Turbuhaler(  ). OE-MRI biomarkers were obtained, as well as X-ray computed tomography (CT) biomarkers and pulmonary function tests, in a two-center study. An ANCOVA statistical model was used to assess effect size of intervention measurable in OE-MRI parameters of lung function. RESULTS: OE-MRI data were successfully acquired at both study sites. 8-week treatment with @entity4184 / @entity6410 significantly decreased lung wash-out time by 31% (p<0.01), decreased the change in lung @entity26 level upon breathing pure @entity26 by 13% (p<0.05) and increased @entity26 extraction from the lung by 58% (p<0.01). Single-dose @entity6410 increased both lung wash-out time (+47%, p<0.05) and lung oxygenation time (+47%, p<0.05). FEV1 was improved by single-dose @entity6410 (+12%, p<0.001) and 8 weeks of @entity4184 / @entity6410 (+ 18%, p<0.001), consistent with published studies. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1030 , OE-MRI parameters showed response to both single-dose bronchodilatory effects of a b2-agonist, @entity6410 , and 8-week treatment with an inhaled @entity228 , @entity4184 , and the measurements are feasible in a small-scale multi-center trial setting.

title: Feasibility assessment of using XXXX -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating the effect of pharmacological treatment in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: This study evaluates the long-term efficacy of reconstructive surgery for @entity2792 caused by @entity4288 , which was performed on 112 @entity1 from 1959 to 1983. Despite medical therapy, all @entity1 had persistent @entity101 , with a mean preoperative blood pressure of 188/113 mm Hg. Their median age was 49 years, and the median duration of objectively documented @entity101 was 21 months at the time of surgery. @entity4288 (ERA) were present in 57 @entity1 (51%). Results were evaluated both at a short-term (ST) interval (mean: 8.4 months) and at a long-term (LT) interval (mean: 8.9 years) postoperatively. @entity1 were classified by means of strict criteria as cured, improved, or unsuccessfully treated. If a @entity1 was cured or if his condition improved, this was considered a beneficial blood pressure response. Beneficial responses were maintained during LT follow-up, since the respective percentages for cure and improvement were 24% and 50% at the ST interval and 18% and 61% at the LT interval. These results had not been influenced by either older age or the presence of ERA, since results were similar in @entity1 older and younger than the median age and in those with and without ERA. The preoperative duration of @entity101 was the only pertinent clinical feature that influenced the LT interval results, LT beneficial responses were observed in 95% of the @entity1 with a shorter duration and in 78% of those with a longer duration of preoperative @entity101 than the median (p = 0.01). We conclude that surgical therapy for @entity2792 caused by @entity4288 can effectively reduce blood pressure and that this result is maintained during LT follow-up. In terms of anticipated blood pressure response, older age, longer duration of @entity101 , and the presence of @entity11462 do not exclude surgical therapy.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX caused by @entity4288 . I. Influence of preoperative factors on blood pressure control early and late after reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['Manifestations of extrarenal arteriosclerosis', 'arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['renovascular hypertension']


abstract: @entity170 has been found to be a health threat in most developed countries and is an emerging problem of countries in Asia Pacific region. It is estimated that half of all @entity173 worldwide will occur in this region by 2050. The consequences of @entity170 are @entity174 which may have a highly impact on quality of daily life. The current conceptual understanding of @entity170 is emphasized on bone strength. It is defined as an integration of bone density and bone quality. Assessment of treatment efficacy is more accurate by looking at fracture risk reduction over an increase of bone mineral density. The premature termination of the @entity1 's Health Initiative study in July 2002 has limited the osteoprotective role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It is a general recommendation to give HRT to symptomatic @entity1 in their perimenopause or climacteric midlife. @entity3604 medication eg., @entity441 , @entity171 , @entity175 , and intermittent @entity461 is considered to be the first line therapy in asymptomatic @entity1 over 60 years. Other innovative anti- @entity3604 regimens are being under research development.

title: XXXX : latest innovation in therapy.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Non-HRTanti-osteoporotic', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: AIM: To compare the microRNA (miR) profiles in the @entity5 of @entity1 with recurrent and non-recurrent @entity356 . METHODS: The study group included 45 @entity1 who underwent curative gastrectomies from 1995 to 2005 without adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy and for whom adequate @entity5 content was available. Total RNA was extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 samples, preserving the small RNA fraction. Initial profiling using miR microarrays was performed to identify potential biomarkers of recurrence after resection. The expression of the differential miRs was later verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Findings were compared between @entity1 who had a recurrence within 36 mo of surgery (bad-prognosis group, n = 14, 31%) and those who did not (good-prognosis group, n = 31, 69%). RESULTS: Three miRs, @entity15851 , @entity16446 and @entity5604 were found to be differentially expressed in @entity5 from @entity1 with good prognosis vs @entity1 with bad prognosis (P < 0.0002, 0.0027 and 0.0046 respectively). High expression of each miR was associated with poorer prognosis for both recurrence and survival. Using @entity15851 , the positive predictive value for non-recurrence was 100% (13/13). The expression of the differential miRs was verified by qRT-PCR, showing high correlation to the microarray data and similar separation into prognosis groups. CONCLUSION: This study identified three miRs, @entity15851 , @entity16446 and @entity5604 to be predictive of recurrence of @entity356 . Of these, @entity15851 had the strongest prognostic impact.

title: MicroRNAs as a potential prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Deep brain stimulation of the basal ganglia and other brain regions has been used successfully to treat a variety of @entity16 . However, the mechanisms by which it works, remain unclear. In a previous study, we showed that locally delivered single current pulses delivered from a nearby microelectrode are sufficient to inhibit firing in the internal globus pallidus for tens of milliseconds. The @entity14243 and the substantia nigra pars reticulata are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia and share many anatomical and physiological features. The goal of the current study was to examine the after-effects of trains of high-frequency microstimulation on neuronal firing in the @entity14243 of @entity191 and @entity3519 @entity1 as well as in the SNr of @entity1726 @entity1 . Microelectrode recordings and microstimulation were performed in a total of 57 @entity1 during stereotactic surgery. We found that firing in the @entity14243 and SNr is inhibited for several hundreds of milliseconds following the end of a short, 200 Hz high-frequency train delivered through the recording electrode (e.g., on average 618 ms when stimulating in the SNr with a 0.5 s train of 4 microA pulses at 200 Hz). Inhibition duration usually increased with increasing current intensity, train frequency and generally peaked for trains of 1-2 s, while it decreased with increasing train durations. Statistical analysis with general linear models revealed a significant linear relationship between current intensity and inhibition duration in all nuclei and @entity1 groups. There was also a significant relationship between train frequency and inhibition duration in the SNr and @entity14243 of @entity1726 @entity1 and between train duration and inhibition duration in the @entity14243 of @entity1726 @entity1 . There was no significant difference in inhibition duration across @entity1 groups but the current threshold for inhibition was significantly different in the SNr compared to the @entity14243 . The characteristics of the inhibition observed are consistent with stimulation-induced @entity1246 release following activation of the GABAergic afferents in the SNr and @entity14243 . The findings suggest that high-frequency microstimulation of the @entity14243 and SNr depresses local neuronal activity and synaptic transmission, and such mechanisms may contribute to the therapeutic effects of DBS.

title: High-frequency microstimulation in XXXX globus pallidus and substantia nigra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species induce formation of @entity16569 ( @entity23614 ), a specific marker of in vivo lipid peroxidation, which is increased after @entity741 and during the subsequent reperfusion. 15-F(2t)-IsoP possesses potent bioactivity under pathophysiological conditions. However, it remains unknown whether @entity23614 , by itself, can influence @entity741 -reperfusion injury (IRI). Adult @entity35 hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution at a constant flow rate of 10 ml/min. 15-F(2t)-IsoP (100 nM), @entity13078 (1 microM, SQ), a @entity2871 receptor antagonist that can abolish the vasoconstrictor effect of @entity23614 , @entity23614 + SQ in KH, or KH alone (vehicle control) was applied for 10 min before induction of 40 min of global @entity63 followed by 60 min of reperfusion. During @entity63 , saline (control), @entity23614 , @entity23614 + SQ, or SQ in saline was perfused through the aorta at 60 microl/min. @entity23614 , @entity23614 + SQ, or SQ in KH was infused during the first 15 min of reperfusion. Coronary effluent @entity1827 concentrations were significantly higher in the group treated with @entity23614 than in the control group during @entity63 and also in the later phase of reperfusion (P < 0.05). Infusion of 15-F(2t)-IsoP increased release of cardiac-specific @entity908 kinase, reduced cardiac contractility during reperfusion, and increased @entity583 size relative to the control group. SQ abolished the deleterious effects of @entity23614 . @entity23614 exacerbates @entity741 and may, therefore, act as a mediator of IRI. @entity23614 -induced @entity1827 production during cardiac reperfusion may represent a mechanism underlying the deleterious actions of @entity23614 .

title: @entity16569 exacerbates XXXX -reperfusion injury of isolated @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IRI', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: A number of reports have described enhanced therapeutic activity of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) when combined with high-dose @entity4181 (dl- @entity1577 ). In the present phase-II study 35 @entity1 with @entity14 were entered into a first-line chemotherapeutic protocol consisting of dl- @entity1577 200 mg/m2 i.v. push directly followed by 340 mg/m2 5-FU i.v. pushon - days 1-5. Thus far a response rate of 37.5% (12 PR) has been achieved, and minor responses or no change were registered in 43.7% (14 MR or NC), lowering the rate of primary therapeutic failures to 18.8%. Median time to progression was 6.2 months. Toxic side effects consisted mainly of @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity33 . As second-line therapy 5-FU/dl- @entity1577 and @entity4341 p.o. were administered to 10 @entity1 with resulting 4 NC. @entity1138 was given to 9 @entity1 as a third-line regimen with resulting 5 NC for 2-4 months.

title: [Sequential treatment of progressive metastatic @entity14 with @entity1487 / XXXX , @entity4341 and @entity1138 ].

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyramidole']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the response to @entity1872 in our @entity1 population with @entity3039 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity1 with @entity3039 (11 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ) with average age 67.3 +/- 9.9 years (range 46-83): 10 @entity1 with @entity697 without response to @entity288 during 4-6 weeks; 4 @entity1 with @entity697 without treatment; 2 @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 and 1 @entity1 with recurrent @entity3039 resistant to @entity288 . The dose of @entity1872 ranged between 100 and 600 mg/d. The @entity1 were included in two groups: 1) Responders if they achieved complete or partial remission; 2) Non-responders if they achieved transient or fair response. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 58.8% and in @entity1 previously treated 46.1%. The time to response was 35.6 +/- 48.5 days (range 14-180 days). Among the 10 responder @entity1 6 have remained in remission, 1 died 6 months after the remission for unrelated disease, and 3 relapsed after discontinuation of treatment with a good response after the reinstitution of therapy. Two @entity1 resistant to treatment with @entity1872 were splenectomized with transient response, and they responded favorably to the reinstitution of @entity1872 . The treatment had a good tolerance. CONCLUSION: 1) The treatment with @entity1872 in @entity3039 is a good alternative therapeutical approach as initial treatment in @entity3039 and @entity3039 @entity1 without response to @entity288 . 2) @entity3039 @entity1 resistant to @entity1872 may response to this treatment after splenectomy.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with @entity1872 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute ITP']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the treatment results of locally advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), we have been conducting a clinical trial using regional @entity221 combined with radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1985 and 1990, 19 @entity1 were treated. All cases except one were regarded as initially unresectable. There were 10 Stage IIIA cases and nine Stage IIIB cases. In 10 cases thermoradiotherapy was used definitively, and in the other nine cases preoperatively. Radiotherapy was administered with conventional fractionation. Total dose ranged from 42 to 80 Gy (mean 62.9 Gy) for definitive treatment cases, and 38 to 47 Gy (mean 40.6 Gy) for preoperative cases. Radiofrequency (RF) capacitive @entity221 was administered twice weekly, immediately after radiotherapy. Total sessions of @entity221 ranged from 5 to 16 times (mean 9.0) for definitive treatment cases and 3 to 8 times (mean 6.7) for preoperative cases. RESULTS: The results of thermoradiotherapy group ( @entity2215 group) were compared with our historical control group (RT group); initially unresectable Stage III @entity1149 irradiated definitively with 50 Gy or more (26 cases), or became resectable after radiotherapy and operated (4 cases). As for initial response, there were 5 complete responses (CRs), 13 partial responses (PRs), and 1 no change (NC) (CR rate 26%, response rate 95%) in the @entity2215 group, whereas there were no CR, 21 PRs, and 9 NCs in the RT group (CR rate 0%, p < 0.005, response rate 70%, p < 0.05). Overall 3-year local relapse-free survival and survival rate for the @entity2215 group was 73% and 37%, respectively, and 20% and 6.7%, respectively, for the RT group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01). The rate of @entity204 from uncontrolled primary disease for the @entity2215 group was significantly lower than for the RT group (21% vs. 53%, p < 0.03). CONCLUSION: Although the number of cases is rather small, thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced @entity1149 is promising in raising resectability, local control, and, thus, long-term survival.

title: Thermoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']


abstract: The hemoglobin (Hb) SC genotype is seen in @entity1 who have inherited the gene for hemoglobin S from one parent and the gene for hemoglobin C from the other. Some @entity1 with this genotype develop @entity13654 , a variant of sickle cell disease. @entity13654 , a compound heterozygous condition, is the most common of the @entity8453 and the least severe, although it is still serious. One of the documented complications of the presence of the @entity13654 genotype is @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ). We conducted a prospective case-control study of 43 subjects, aged 15 to 65 years, who had the @entity13654 genotype to determine the incidence of @entity1274 and to determine if the @entity393 in these subjects was correlated with sex or age. Our control group was made up of 100 generally healthy, sex- and age-matched subjects with the normal Hb AA genotype. @entity1274 was defined as a loss of more than 25 dB HL at two or more frequencies in the same ear or at one or more frequencies in both ears. We found that @entity1274 was present in 12 of the 43 subjects (27.9%) in the @entity13654 group (17 of 86 ears [19.8%]) and in 17 of the 100 subjects (17.0%) in the Hb AA group (21 of 200 ears [10.5%]; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (chi(2) = 1.589; p = 0.105). We found that in the @entity13654 group, @entity1274 was more common among females than males (38.5 vs. 11.8%), although the difference was not quite significant statistically (chi(2) = 2.435; p = 0.056); in the Hb AA group, the incidence was fairly equal-15.4 and 18.8%, respectively (chi(2) = 0.033; p = 0.427). Therefore, we conclude that the @entity393 in the subjects of this study was not correlated with the presence of the @entity13654 genotype in either sex. In terms of age, @entity1274 was significantly more common in subjects aged 41 to 65 years than in those aged 15 to 40 years in both genotype groups. In the @entity13654 group, @entity1274 was present in 4 of the 33 younger subjects (12.1%) and in 8 of the 10 older subjects (80.0%) (chi(2) = 14.354; p < 0.001). In the Hb AA group, the corresponding figures were 7 of 85 (8.2%) and 10 of 15 (66.7%) (chi(2) = 26.840; p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that the @entity393 in the subjects of this study was a function of age and was not associated with the presence of the @entity13654 genotype.

title: Hearing impairment in XXXX with the hemoglobin SC genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity13654 :: ('MESH:D006450', 'Disease') :: ['Hb SC disease', 'Hb SC']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: PREDICTIVEtrade mark is a large, multi-national, open-label, prospective, observational study to assess the efficacy and safety of @entity2690 detemir in clinical practice. We report 3-month follow-up data from 389 @entity1 with type 1 (n = 312) and type 2 (n = 77) @entity6 from Denmark. @entity2690 detemir improved glycemic control in type 1 @entity1 , with decreases in mean HbA1c (-0.2%, p = 0.0026), fasting @entity413 (-1.7 mmol/l, p = 0.0033) and within- @entity1 fasting @entity413 variability (-0.6 mmol/l, p = 0.0472). Non-significant reductions in glycemic parameters were observed in type 2 @entity1 (-0.3% for @entity13554 .7 mmol/l for fasting @entity413 ). There was a decrease in mean body weight in both type 1 and type 2 @entity1 (-0.6 kg, p = 0.025 and -1.0 kg, p = 0.0361, respectively). Three @entity1 (0.8%) reported 4 serious adverse drug reactions, including major @entity4053 . The incidence of major hypoglycemic episodes was reduced from 3.9/ @entity1 -years at baseline to 0.4/ @entity1 -years at follow-up in type 1 @entity1 (p < 0.0001), and from 1.0 to 0.0/ @entity1 -years in type 2 @entity1 (p = 0.1250). In addition, the mean incidence of total and nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes was @entity146 (-37.4 and -17.7/ @entity1 -years, p < 0.0001 for both) and type 2 @entity1 (-17.7 and -7.8/ @entity1 -years, p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0020, respectively). The observations from the Danish cohort of the PREDICTIVE study support the overall findings of PREDICTIVE, i.e. @entity2690 detemir improves glycemic control, with a reduced risk of @entity4053 and no @entity1017 .

title: 3-Month Results from Denmark within the Globally Prospective and Observational Study to Evaluate XXXX Detemir Treatment in Type 1 and Type 2 @entity6 : The PREDICTIVE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced in both type 1']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using a xenograft model the aim was to analyze if injection of @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells ( @entity16591 ) into the @entity95 @entity3746 ( @entity3746 ), after excision of an established scar, can improve the functional healing of the @entity3746 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective design with an experimental xenograft model. METHODS: The VFs of 12 @entity95 were injured by a bilateral localized resection. After 9 weeks the scar after the resection was excised and @entity16591 were injected into the VFs. After another 10 weeks 10 VFs were dissected and stained for histology. Lamina propria thickness and relative content of collagen type I were measured. Viscoelasticity of 14 VFs at phonatory frequencies was quantified by a simple-shear rheometer. The @entity16591 survival was determined using a @entity1 DNA specific reference probe, that is, FISH analysis. RESULTS: The viscoelastic measurements, that is, dynamic viscosity and elastic shear modulus for the @entity16591 -treated VFs, were found to be similar to those of normal controls and were significantly lower than those of untreated controls (P < .05). A significant @entity353 was also shown for the @entity16591 treated VFs compared with the untreated VFs (P < .05). This histologic finding corresponded with the viscoelastic results. No @entity16591 survived 10 weeks after the injection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells injected into the @entity95 @entity3746 following the excision of a chronic scar, were found to enhance the functional healing of the @entity3746 with @entity146 and restored viscoelastic shear properties.

title: Injection of XXXX mesenchymal stem cells improves healing of vocal folds after scar excision--a xenograft analysis.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in lamina propria thickness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced lamina propria thickness']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'New Zealand rabbits']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: This literature review attempts to profile specific areas of cognition that have shown unique and consistent evidence of dysfunction among @entity1 with @entity161 . In addition, their impact on vocational functioning is illustrated, so as to highlight the importance of managing these cognitive difficulties in vocational rehabilitation. METHODS: Literature search was carried out on seven key cognitive domains identified by the National Institute of Mental Health in the USA. Their impact on vocational function was also reviewed. RESULTS: It is found that attention, @entity2414 , reasoning, problem-solving and social cognition are areas of impairment that have great impact on vocational functioning. Attention and @entity2414 affect learning of new work tasks. Executive function is particularly crucial in determining supported and open employment outcomes, as @entity409 cannot be easily compensated. Lastly, social cognition plays a major role in determining the success of workplace social exchanges. CONCLUSION: Occupational therapists need to have a good understanding of the profile of cognitive problems among @entity1 with @entity161 , in order to tailor our intervention according to their cognitive strengths and difficulties. Several cognitive remediation strategies and programs have been designed specifically for @entity1 with @entity1032 . Equipping ourselves with skills in conducting such programs will augment our expertise in vocational rehabilitation.

title: Profile of cognitive problems in XXXX and implications for vocational functioning.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems', 'declarative and working memory']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity20818 is a task-specific @entity717 that manifests itself as a loss of voluntary motor control in extensively trained movements. Approximately 1% of all professional musicians develop @entity20818 , and in many cases, the disorder terminates the careers of affected musicians. The pathophysiology of the disorder is not completely clarified. Findings include 1) reduced inhibition at different levels of the central nervous system, 2) maladaptive plasticity and altered sensory perception, and 3) alterations in sensorimotor integration. Epidemiological data demonstrate a higher risk for those musicians who play instruments requiring maximal fine-motor skills. For instruments where workload differs across hands, @entity3520 appears more often in the more intensely used hand. In psychological studies, musicians with @entity3519 have more @entity148 and perfectionist tendencies than healthy musicians. These findings strengthen the assumption that behavioral factors may be involved in the etiology of @entity20818 . Preliminary findings also suggest a genetic contribution to focal task-specific @entity3519 with phenotypic variations including @entity20818 . Treatment options include pharmacological interventions, such as @entity20286 or botulinum toxin-A, as well as retraining programs and ergonomic changes in the instrument. @entity1 -tailored treatment strategies may significantly improve the situation of musicians with @entity3520 . Positive results after retraining and unmonitored technical exercises underline the benefit of an active involvement of @entity1 in the treatment process. Only a minority of musicians, however, return to normal motor control using the currently available therapies.

title: XXXX in musicians: phenomenology, pathophysiology, triggering factors, and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity20818 :: ('MESH:C567627', 'Disease') :: ["musician's dystonia", "Musician's dystonia"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity20286 :: ('MESH:D014282', 'Chemical') :: ['trihexyphenidyl']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['Focal dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4002 caused by @entity4003 is a potentially fatal disease characterised by a chronic evolution. To assess the long-term outcome and identify prognostic factors for mortality, surgical treatment, and serological changes in @entity4002 , we did a retrospective study in the French National Referral Centre. METHODS: @entity1 included were diagnosed with @entity4002 at our centre from May, 1983, to June, 2006, and followed up for a minimum of 3 years for each @entity1 , history and clinical characteristics were recorded with a standardised questionnaire. Prognostic factors associated with @entity204 , surgery, serological cure, and serological relapse were assessed by Cox regression analysis. Excised heart valve analysis was assessed according to duration of treatment. FINDINGS: 104 @entity1 were identified for inclusion in the study, although one was lost to follow-up; median follow-up was 100 months (range 37-310 months). 18 months of treatment was sufficient to sterilise the valves of all the @entity1 except three, and 2 years of treatment sterilised all valves except one. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the major determinants associated with mortality were age (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 1.05-1.18, p=0.003), @entity64 at diagnosis (7.09, 2.00-25.10, p=0.001), @entity884 on a prosthetic valve (6.04, 1.47-24.80, p=0.044), an absence of a four-times decrease of phase I IgG and IgA at 1 year (5.69, 1.00-32.22, p=0.049), or the presence of phase II IgM at 1 year (12.08, 3.11-46.85, p=0.005). Surgery was associated with @entity712 (2.68, 1.21-5.94, p=0.015) or a cardiac abscess (4.71, 1.64-13.50, p=0.004). The determinants of poor serological outcome were male sex (0.47, 0.26-0.86, p=0.014), a high level of phase I IgG (0.65, 0.45-0.95, p=0.027), and a delay in the start of treatment with @entity6383 (0.20, 0.04-0.91, p=0.037). Factors associated with relapse were @entity884 on a prosthetic valve (21.3, 2.05-221.86, p=0.01) or treatment duration less than 18 months (9.69, 1.08-86.72, p=0.042). INTERPRETATION: The optimum duration of treatment with @entity3403 and @entity6383 in @entity4002 is 18 months for native valves and 24 months for prosthetic valves. This duration should be extended only in the absence of favourable serological outcomes. @entity1 should be serologically monitored for at least 5 years because of the risk of relapse. FUNDING: French National Referral Centre for Q Fever.

title: Long-term outcome of XXXX : a 26-year personal survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever endocarditis']


abstract: Nervous system involvement in @entity1252 encompasses a wide array of clinical manifestations which may reflect multiple etiologic factors including autoantibodies to nervous tissue antigens. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between autoantibodies to a wide range of brain antigens and @entity73 in an unselected population of 70 @entity1252 @entity1 . Using a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests, @entity73 was identified in 15/70 (21%) @entity1252 @entity1 compared with 1/25 (4%) @entity1 with @entity309 and 1/23 (4%) healthy subjects (P = 0.04). Integral membrane proteins were isolated from dissociated brain cells by temperature-induced phase separation with Triton X-114. Synaptosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and membrane enriched fractions were prepared by lectin affinity chromatography. Western blotting identified IgG reactivity to a wide range of proteins (MW 22-52 K) in @entity1252 @entity1 . The proteins identified were distinct from well-characterized intracellular antigens including @entity2729 . There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anti-brain antibodies between @entity1252 @entity1 who were cognitively impaired and those who were not impaired. Furthermore, there was no association between the presence of autoantibodies and subsets of @entity73 . These results suggest that circulating autoantibodies to brain antigens are not responsible for the @entity73 in @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Brain reactive autoantibodies and @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'abnormalities in cognitive function', 'cognitive abnormalities', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2729 :: ('MESH:C537241', 'Disease') :: ['ribosomal P proteins']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies were performed by our study group to evaluate the usefulness of the combination (1:1) of @entity2892 ( @entity2892 ), a @entity2893 antibiotic, and @entity9234 ( @entity9234 ), an inhibitor of @entity15644 , in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity281 . The following results were obtained. Antimicrobial activities of @entity2892 were tested with inocula of 10(6) cells/ml of organisms isolated from @entity1 with @entity281 . Peak MIC's of @entity2892 were less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for @entity794 , less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for @entity5938 , 1.56 micrograms/ml for @entity797 , 0.39 micrograms/ml for @entity526 , less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for @entity3274 and less than or equal to 0.20 micrograms/ml for @entity2868 . When 0.5 g/0.5 g of @entity2892 / @entity9234 was administered by a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion, maximum concentrations of @entity2892 in all female genital tissues were obtained at the end of the infusion, and Cmax ranged from 9.4 micrograms/g to 17.0 micrograms/g. In addition, the maximum concentration of @entity2892 in pelvic dead space exudate was 13.2 micrograms/ml at 88 minutes after the start of the infusion. The penetration of @entity2892 / @entity9234 into female genital tissues and dead space exudate was found to be good and sufficient to cover MIC's against organisms isolated from @entity1 with @entity281 . Clinical efficacy was evaluated in 201 evaluable @entity1 out of a total of 253 @entity1 with @entity281 . Clinical responses were excellent in 2, good in 181 and poor in 18 @entity1 , and the efficacy rating was 91.0 percent. Efficacy ratings classified by types of @entity281 were 93.2% (82/88) for intrauterine @entity281 , 83.0% (39/47) for intrapelvic @entity281 , 100% (26/26) for @entity4134 , 90.0% (18/20) for @entity281 of the external genital organs and 90.0% (18/20) for other @entity281 . Side effects were observed in 6 of the 253 @entity1 ; @entity1910 in 4, @entity390 and @entity391 in 1 and @entity294 in 1 @entity1 . Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 10 of the 253 @entity1 ; elevation of GOT, @entity6283 , LDH and @entity15645 in 1, elevation of GOT, @entity6283 and @entity15645 in 1, elevation of GOT and @entity6283 in 4, elevation of @entity6283 in 1, elevation of BUN in 1, increase of eosinophiles in 1, decrease of segmented neutrophils in 1 @entity1 .

title: [Fundamental and clinical studies of @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Study group of @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the field of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['MK-0791', 'cilastatin sodium']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric and gynecologic infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexitis']

entities_list: @entity15644 :: ('1800', 'Gene') :: ['dehydropeptidase-I']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['obstetric and gynecological infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity592 is neuroprotective in animal models and may @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) in @entity1 @entity510 ( @entity510 ). We evaluated safety, feasibility and tolerability of intravenous @entity592 (IV-D) in @entity1 with @entity510 . METHODS: In this single-centre, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial, 31 @entity1 with @entity510 were randomised to IV-D 1.25   mg every 6   h for 7   days (n=16) or equiosmolar free water/5% @entity2656 (placebo; n=15). Primary safety end points were incidence of hyponatraemia (sNa <=132   mmol/L) and liver @entity137 (proportion of @entity1 @entity493 transaminase, @entity492 aminotransferase and AlkPhos >5  upper-limit-of-normal). Secondary end points included tolerability, systemic @entity551 and @entity428 . Efficacy was explored for clinical/radiological @entity2553 , delayed @entity1779 (DCI), and 3-month functional outcomes. Quantitative analyses of angiograms and daily transcranial Doppler (TCD) were performed. RESULTS: Between IV-D versus placebo, no differences were observed in the primary outcomes ( @entity2753 44% vs 67% (p=0.29); liver @entity137 6% vs 0% (p=1.0)). Three @entity1 in the IV-D versus two in the placebo group had severe adverse events possibly attributable to infusion and reached stop criteria: one IV-D @entity1 developed liver @entity137 ; two @entity1 in each group developed @entity4 requiring osmotherapy. The majority of adverse events were not related to infusion (17 vs 5 (RR 2.2; 95% CI 0.7 to 6.7; p=0.16) in IV-D vs placebo). No differences in any categorical @entity2553 outcomes, DCI, 3-month outcomes or quantitative angiogram and TCD analyses were seen in this small safety trial not powered to detect efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: In this small trial, IV-D after @entity510 was feasible, tolerable and safe. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://clinicaltrials.gov NCT01024972.

title: XXXX for @entity2553 after @entity510 : a randomised double blind placebo-controlled safety trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage', 'aSAH']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain oedema']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate cerebral vasospasm', 'cVSP']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene', 'Dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity592 :: (MESH:D003620,Chemical) :: ['Dantrolene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity613 with endovascular intervention (EVI), a procedure designed to enhance quality of life, is on the rise despite being expensive. We examined clinical outcomes and costs for treatment of @entity613 with EVI. METHODS: Records of all EVI performed at a University Health Center during a single year were reviewed for functional capacity, Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Council (TASC) classification, procedure, reintervention, and financial data. @entity922 ( @entity922 ) (improvement without target extremity revascularization [TER]) and secondary sustained clinical success (SSCS) (improvement with TER) were tracked over 2 years follow-up. RESULTS: There were 77 @entity1 (90 limbs). Mean follow-up was 14.8 +/- 7.7 months (1-30). Procedural success was 94%. Two-year @entity922 and SSCS were found to be 28 +/- 9% and 49 +/- 11%, respectively. @entity922 differed significantly from TASC (p = 0.02), whereas SSCS did not (p = 0.33). Mean time to reintervention was 11.7 +/- 6.6 months. Two-year TER-free rate (65 +/- 7%) did not differ significantly by procedure (p = 0.26), the artery treated (p = 0.24), or TASC (p = 0.18). Two-year costs for EVI were  13,886, differing significantly by TASC (p = 0.017) and by the artery treated (p < 0.001). Estimated cost for a 3-month trial of supervised exercise and pharmacotherapy was  1,376, and the maintenance cost over a 2 year follow-up period was  6,602. CONCLUSIONS: TER was necessary in more than one-third of limbs to maintain 2-year SSCS in 49% of @entity1 . EVI was twice as expensive as estimated 2-year costs for supervised exercise and pharmacotherapy, and 10 times more costlier than a 3-month trial. Mandating a trial of conservative therapy before EVI merits consideration.

title: Endovascular intervention for treatment of XXXX : is it cost-effective?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCS', 'Sustained clinical success']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['claudication']


abstract: The effects of different atrial natriuretic peptides on @entity8262 formation and steroidogenesis have been studied in Percoll-purified @entity19 Leydig cells. @entity35 atrial peptides rANP ( @entity35 @entity12579 ), rAP-I ( @entity35 atriopeptin I) and rAP-II ( @entity35 atriopeptin II), in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, stimulated @entity8262 formation in a concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of saturating concentrations of the peptides, a 400-600 fold stimulation of @entity8262 accumulation was observed. Among the peptides, rAP-II appeared to be the most potent. ED50 values (concentration causing half-maximal effect) for rAP-II, rANP and rAP-I were 1 X 10(-9) M, 2 X 10(-9) M and 2 X 10(-8) M respectively. A parallel stimulation of @entity8262 formation and @entity251 production by the cells was observed after incubation of the cells with various concentrations of rAP-II. In the presence of a saturating concentration of rAP-II (2 X 10(-8) M), maximum stimulation of intracellular @entity8262 content was obtained within 5 min of incubation. @entity251 production by @entity19 Leydig cells could be stimulated by @entity8263 in a concentration-related manner. At a 10 mM concentration of the cyclic @entity377 , steroidogenesis was stimulated to a similar extent as that obtained with a saturating concentration of @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (5 ng/ml). On the basis of these results we conclude that @entity8262 acts as a second messenger in atrial-peptide-stimulated steroidogenesis in @entity19 Leydig cells. The steroidogenic effect of atrial peptides appears to be species-specific, since none of these peptides stimulated @entity251 production by purified Leydig cells of @entity35 , though in these cells a 40-60-fold stimulation of @entity8262 formation in response to each of the three peptides was observed. However, @entity8263 could stimulate @entity251 production in @entity35 Leydig cells. Therefore we conclude that the lack of steroidogenic response in @entity35 Leydig cells to @entity12579 -stimulation results from an insufficient formation of @entity8262 in these cells. This species difference would appear to result from a lower guanylate cyclase activity in @entity35 Leydig cells.

title: Steroidogenic effect of atrial natriuretic factor in isolated @entity19 Leydig cells is mediated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8263 :: ('MESH:C016276', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial-natriuretic-factor', 'atrial natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity8262 :: (MESH:D006152,Chemical) :: ['cyclic GMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is a common @entity1576 in @entity1 , which necessitates hospitalization. @entity2028 , @entity55 and @entity1143 , is associated with considerably severe clinical course and @entity2617 . Serum @entity1904 (PCT) level has been used to distinguish @entity2348 , but its usefulness is disputed. The diagnostic accuracy and usefulness of PCT, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined by comparing their values in the @entity1 with @entity497 with those in healthy controls. METHODS: The serum PCT levels, as well as @entity1851 level, ESR, and WBC counts, were measured in 76 hospitalized @entity1 with @entity497 ( @entity55 , 16; @entity3127 , 60) and 18 healthy controls. Serum PCT level was measured using VIDAS BRAHMS PCT (Biomerieux, France), and ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS: Serum PCT levels were higher in the @entity1 with @entity497 than in healthy controls, especially in the @entity1 with @entity55 than in those with @entity3127 . Serum @entity1851 level was also significantly elevated in the @entity1 with @entity497 , especially in those with @entity55 . The diagnostic accuracy of serum PCT level for the diagnosis of @entity55 was better than those of serum @entity1851 level and ESR. The serum PCT level was significantly correlated with the @entity1851 level, ESR, and WBC count. CONCLUSIONS: Serum PCT level was a better marker than @entity1851 level or ESR for the diagnosis of @entity55 in @entity1 with @entity497 .

title: Clinical significance of serum @entity1904 in @entity1 with community-acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['parapneumonic effusions']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['especially lobar pneumonia', 'lobar pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['extensive alveolar infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial from viral infections']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorder']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['lobar pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overweight and @entity28 is a prevalent and costly threat to public health. Compelling evidence links overweight and @entity28 with @entity74 such as @entity65 and @entity6 . Dietary regimen are notoriously burdened with poor compliance. Chitosan is promoted in the US and other countries as an oral remedy to reduce fat absorption and has now been incorporated as a major constituent into several over-the-counter remedies. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the clinical effectiveness of oral chitosan for body @entity353 . METHODS: Thirty-four overweight volunteers were included in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Subjects were assigned to receive either four capsules of chitosan or indistinguishable placebo twice daily for 28 consecutive days. Measurements were taken at baseline, after 14 and 28d of treatment. Subjects maintained their normal diet and documented the type and amount of food consumed. Adverse effects were assessed and compliance monitored. RESULTS: Data from 30 subjects were entered into an intention-to-treat analysis. After four weeks of treatment, body mass index, serum @entity165 , @entity1674 , @entity904 , D, E and @entity2066 were not significantly different in subjects receiving chitosan compared to those receiving placebo. @entity2067 was significantly increased after four weeks in the chitosan group compared with placebo (P<0.05). Compliance was 91.5% and 96.0% for chitosan and placebo groups respectively. CONCLUSION: The above data suggest that chitosan in the administered dosage, without dietary alterations, does not reduce body weight in overweight subjects. No serious adverse effects were reported.

title: Randomized, double-blind trial of chitosan for body XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['serious disorders']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight reduction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The fascia cruris encloses the posterior structures of the @entity291 and connects to the @entity924 . We describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound imaging characteristics and the time to the recovery of tears of the fascia cruris at the @entity924 . METHODS: Retrospective review of 11 tears of the fascia cruris in the different legs as separate events in 9 @entity1 (6 male and 3 female, mean age 35.52   years, range 11-48) identified using diagnostic ultrasound, after presenting with Achillodynia. RESULTS: 11 @entity1 presented at a mean of 4.5   weeks (range 0.5-12) after onset of symptoms. The left Achilles was more commonly injured than the right (7   :   4) and the lateral side more than the medial (6   :   4) with one case with medial and lateral presentation. Clinically, there was swelling and tenderness over the medial or lateral border in the mid to upper portion of the Achilles. 7 of the 11 (63.6%) had functional overpronation. Ultrasound appearances of a tear were identified as hypoechoic area extending from the medial or lateral border of the Achilles extending along the anatomical plane of the fascia cruris. Average return to activity was 5.2   weeks (range 1-22). @entity1 presenting later had longer recovery but all @entity1 returned to full activity (r=0.4). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of the clinical details and sonographic findings of a tear to the fascia cruris at its @entity924 . This needs to be considered as a cause of Achillodynia in @entity2587 as recognition will affect the management.

title: Acute tear of the fascia cruris at the XXXX : a new diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['paratenon and the Achilles tendon', 'attachment to the Achilles tendon']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['attachment to the Achilles tendon']