abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of allergen-specific T cell epitopes is a prerequisite not only for therapeutic approaches but also for elucidating immunological mechanisms of type I @entity566 . Ex vivo detection of allergen-specific T cells using class II tetramer technology has become an important tool for investigating immune responses in atopic and healthy individuals. METHODS: Using @entity665 incorporation assays, T cell epitopes specific for the major timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5.0101 were mapped in 11 @entity56 donors and two different @entity19 strains. Different protocols for expansion/restimulation of T cells from the blood of @entity56 donors and detection of allergen-specific T cells by Class II Ultimer staining were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified several new Phl p 5.0101 class II T cell epitopes in @entity56 @entity1 and confirmed previously published ones. Additionally, we discovered the major T cell epitopes in BALB/c and C57BL/6 @entity19 . Using a novel Class II Ultimer, we detected epitope-specific T cells expanded from the blood of an @entity56 donor. CONCLUSIONS: Epitope mapping of Phl p 5.0101 revealed an immunodominant epitope in BALB/c and C57BL/6 @entity19 and an immunodominant region in @entity1 ( @entity1522 259-282), which was recognized by 8 out of 11 @entity56 donors. Detection of Phl p 5-specific T cells was demonstrated using a Class II Ultimer specific for epitope 196-210. Successful detection of ultimer-positive T cells was strongly dependent on a resting phase after in vitro expansion.

title: T cell epitopes of the timothy grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 of XXXX and @entity1 and the detection of allergen-specific T cells using Class II Ultimers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3)H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In rodent models, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) acts as a hormone that promotes insulin sensitivity and secretion. If ucOC plays a similar role in humans, then antiresorptive therapies, which reduce ucOC levels, may increase the risk of insulin resistance and @entity6 . We tested whether antiresorptive therapies result in higher fasting @entity413 , increased weight, or greater @entity6 incidence in post hoc analyses of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials in postmenopausal @entity1 : @entity174 Intervention Trial (FIT) (N   =   6151) of @entity561 (4 years), Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence with @entity4381 Once Yearly Pivotal @entity174 Trial (HORIZON-PFT) (N   =   7113) of @entity4381 (3 years), and @entity174 Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in @entity170 Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial (N   =   7076) of denosumab (3 years). Fasting @entity413 was measured annually in FIT and HORIZON in a subset of @entity1 , and every 6 months in FREEDOM in all @entity1 . Weight was measured annually in all trials. Incident @entity6 was identified from adverse event reports, @entity6 medication, or elevated fasting @entity413 . Differences in fasting @entity413 changes from randomization to trial conclusion between treatment and placebo groups were not statistically significant: -0.47   mg/dL in FIT, 0.20   mg/dL in HORIZON-PFT, and 0.09   mg/dL in FREEDOM, all p   >   0.6. Weight change differed between treatment and placebo groups in FIT (0.32   kg, p   =   0.003) and FREEDOM (0.31   kg, p   =   0.023) but not in HORIZON-PFT (0.15   kg, p   =   0.132). In the three trials combined, @entity6 occurred in 203 and 225 @entity1 assigned to treatment or placebo, respectively. @entity6 incidence was not increased in any of the treatment groups or in the pooled estimate (pooled relative risk [RR]   =   0.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-1.10). Antiresorptive therapy does not have a clinically important effect on fasting @entity413 , weight, or @entity6 risk in postmenopausal @entity1 . Contrary to predictions from @entity19 models, @entity79 does not appear to play a significant role in @entity413 metabolism in @entity1 .

title: Effects of antiresorptive therapies on XXXX metabolism: results from the FIT, HORIZON-PFT, and FREEDOM trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'initiation of diabetes']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['reduced bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid', 'Zoledronic Acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: The effects of two commercially available @entity5213 formulations ( @entity5213 cream, @entity5213 liposome gel) on uninfected reconstructed @entity1 epidermis and on a model of @entity1 @entity7255 were investigated. The morphological alterations of the reconstructed epidermis after @entity281 and treatment were analysed with light and electron microscopy. The most important @entity5132 -specific alterations of the recently established in vitro model of @entity1 @entity7255 were @entity2653 , @entity5656 , @entity8286 , @entity7063 and spongiosis. A single application of the cream to the uninfected reconstructed epidermis caused more @entity16 and irritative toxic effects than the liposome gel. Treatment of the modelled @entity1 @entity7255 with the cream also resulted in increased toxic effects, e.g., enhancement of @entity2653 with invasion of @entity5132 blastospores into the stratum corneum and intracellular vacuoles. After application of the liposomal preparation invasion of @entity5132 in the stratum corneum could not be detected and toxic effects were reduced. Some of the @entity5132 -specific alterations such as @entity5656 , focal thickening of the stratum corneum, @entity7063 and @entity8286 were completely eliminated. The liposomal formulation increased slightly the morphological alterations of the blastospores. Remnants of the cream formulation could be detected only very rarely in the stratum corneum or the blastospores. The liposomal preparation showed a strong affinity for the @entity5132 cells and the stratum corneum. Intact liposomes could even be observed in the intercellular spaces of the upper stratum corneum. As successful treatment depends on the ability to target the liposomal agent to the wanted site of action, this might be useful for more effective treatment of @entity7255 .

title: Light and electron microscopic findings in a model of @entity1 @entity7255 based on reconstructed @entity1 epidermis following the topical application of different XXXX formulations.

entities_list: @entity5213 :: ('MESH:D004464', 'Chemical') :: ['econazole', 'econazole nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal barrier damage']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity7255 :: ('MESH:D018366', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous candidosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

answer: @entity5213 :: (MESH:D004464,Chemical) :: ['econazole']


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish a method for isolating highly purified brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) from @entity35 brain by using magnetic cell sorting, and clarify the expression levels of @entity24071 ( @entity24071 ) subtypes in these highly purified BCECs. METHODS: The cells were prepared from the capillary enriched-fraction by enzyme digestion, and reacted with anti- @entity18518 antibody. The cell sorting was performed by autoMACS. The mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS: From five @entity35 , 2.3 x 10(6) cells were isolated in the @entity18518 (+) fraction and the percentage of labeled cells in this was 85.9%. @entity18518 , @entity22677 and @entity26081 mRNA were concentrated in the @entity18518 (+) fraction compared with @entity35 brain. The contamination by neurons and astrocytes was markedly less than in the brain capillary fraction prepared by the glass bead column method. @entity39396 were predominantly expressed in the @entity18518 (+) fraction at similar levels to @entity23742 . The mRNA levels of @entity39397 and 3 were 10.6 and 7.60% of that of @entity24071 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This new purification method provides BCECs with less contamination by neural cells. In the isolated BCECs, @entity39396 are predominantly expressed, suggesting that they play an important role at the @entity35 blood-brain barrier.

title: Establishing a method to isolate @entity35 brain capillary endothelial cells by magnetic cell sorting and dominant mRNA expression of @entity24071 1 and 4 in highly purified XXXX brain capillary endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity24071 :: ('24565(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Mrp1', 'multidrug resistance-associated protein', 'Mrp']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop guidelines for the management of @entity1162 after @entity837 @entity1445 , including decontamination with single-dose activated charcoal (SDAC) and cardiac monitoring. DESIGN: Simulation study using a previously developed pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model which predicted the time-course of @entity1162 and the effect of @entity837 dose and use of SDAC on @entity1162 . MAIN MEASURES AND RESULTS: The previously developed PKPD model was used to address the following in @entity1 following @entity837 @entity1445 : (1) Above what dose should @entity1 be decontaminated? (2) Above what dose should @entity1 have cardiac monitoring? (3) For what period of time should @entity1 be monitored? The primary outcome was QT,RR combinations above an abnormal threshold as a surrogate predictor of @entity1166 . Simulations were performed using MATLAB for an @entity1445 @entity1 with typical demographics: 30-year-old female with a heart rate of 79 bpm taking @entity837 therapeutically. The simulations showed: (1) There was significant benefit associated with the administration of SDAC to @entity1 following @entity837 @entity1445 ingesting >600 mg; (2) With @entity837 @entity1445 >1,000mg it was advisable to give SDAC and cardiac monitor the @entity1 ; (3) The risk of developing future abnormal QT,RR combinations was less than 1% in @entity1 with normal QT,RR combinations up to 13 h post-dose, so the minimum monitoring time for @entity837 @entity1445 >1,000mg should be 13h. Recommended dose levels for intervention should be lowered in older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity591 , while @entity1 are less sensitive to @entity1162 . CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines for the management of @entity1162 after @entity837 @entity1445 were developed. We believe the model will help clinicians to decide which @entity1 to decontaminate and monitor.

title: Application of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling in management of QT abnormalities after XXXX @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT prolongation']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses', 'overdose']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: PURPOSE: This pilot phase II study investigated the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1205 with @entity632 and @entity786 (TAC) as first-line chemotherapy for @entity4349 -naive @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 received a total of 359 courses consisting of @entity1205 75 mg/m2 given intravenously (IV) over 1 hour, preceded by IV @entity632 50 mg/m2 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 for a maximum of eight 3-week cycles. RESULTS: After an independent panel review, the overall objective response rate was 77% (complete response, 6%). Overall objective response rates in @entity1 with visceral, bone, and liver involvement were 82%, 82%, and 80%, respectively. Median duration of response was 52 weeks, and median time to progression was 42 weeks. With a median follow-up of 32 months, the median survival had not yet been reached, whereas the 2-year survival was 57%. The main @entity137 were hematologic ( @entity1398 grade 3/4 in 100% of @entity1 and 95% of cycles; febrile @entity1398 in 34% of @entity1 and 9% of cycles). Documented grade 3 @entity281 was seen in one @entity1 (2%) in one cycle, and no toxic @entity204 was reported. Severe acute or chronic nonhematologic adverse events were infrequent, and @entity1205 -specific @entity137 (such as @entity6112 and nail changes) were mild, with only one @entity1 being discontinued for @entity6112 . @entity712 was seen in two @entity1 (4%). CONCLUSION: TAC is an active and manageable regimen that has been chosen as the basis of five randomized phase III trials, including two pivotal studies comparing TAC to @entity1487 plus @entity632 and @entity786 in the metastatic and adjuvant treatment of @entity0 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1205 , XXXX , and @entity786 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Nutritional status impacts on the progression of @entity1577 . Current guidelines recommend the use of anthropometric indicators to classify nutritional status and identify @entity3147 . However, the current nutrition-classification systems are problematic. I summarize these problems and review recent progress in the development of evidence-based anthropometric criteria for classifying nutritional status in @entity1577 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Percentage of ideal body weight as a @entity3147 index is flawed. In @entity1 with @entity1577 , this index underestimates the severity of underweight in short @entity1 and overestimates it in tall @entity1 . In adults with @entity1577 , percentage of ideal body weight based on the Metropolitan Life Insurance reference weights for medium/large frames overestimates the severity of underweight. Body-mass-index percentile for @entity1 and body mass index for adults as underweight indices have been proven to be valid. Strong associations between body mass index and lung function are also observed, but cutoff values to maintain a desirable level of lung function can vary. SUMMARY: Body mass index should replace the use of percentage of ideal body weight for classifying underweight in @entity1577 @entity1 . More research is needed to identify appropriate indicators to classify @entity851 in @entity1 with @entity1577 .

title: Classification of nutritional status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lack of self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG) records in actual practice settings continues to create therapeutic challenges for clinicians, especially in adjusting @entity2690 therapy. In order to overcome this clinical obstacle, a "Symptom-based @entity2690 adjustment for @entity413 Normalization" (SIGN) algorithm was developed to guide clinicians in caring for @entity1 with uncontrolled type 2 @entity6 who have few to no SMBG records. This study examined the clinical outcome and safety of the SIGN algorithm. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), @entity2690 usage, and @entity2690 -related adverse effects of a total of 114 @entity1 with uncontrolled type 2 @entity6 who refused to use SMBG or performed SMBG once a day for less than three times per week were studied 3 months prior to the implementation of the algorithm and prospectively at every 3-month interval for a total of 6 months after the algorithm implementation. @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 , nonadherence to @entity6 medications, or who were not on @entity2690 therapy at any time during the study period were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Mean HbA1c improved by 0.29% at 3 months (P = 0.015) and 0.41% at 6 months (P = 0.006) after algorithm implementation. A slight increase in HbA1c was observed when the algorithm was not implemented. There were no major hypoglycemic episodes. The number of minor hypoglycemic episodes was minimal with the majority of the cases due to irregular meal habits. CONCLUSIONS: The SIGN algorithm appeared to offer a viable and safe approach when managing uncontrolled @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 who have few to no SMBG records.

title: "Symptom-based XXXX adjustment for @entity413 normalization" (SIGN) algorithm: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: The purpose was to ascertain whether the different schedules of long-term food restriction (FR) exert influence on genital reflexes (penile erection-PE and ejaculation-EJ) induced by @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) in male @entity35 . Diet restriction began at weaning with 6 g/day and food was increased by 1 g per week until reaching 15 g/day by adulthood. @entity35 submitted to FR and those fed ad libitum were distributed into @entity1949 or maintained as control groups and challenged with saline or @entity2072 . The results indicated that @entity1949 +saline induced PE and EJ in both ad libitum and FR groups, but @entity2072 only potentiated reflexes in ad libitum group. In an attempt to revert the effects of FR on genital reflexes, we provided food ad libitum to the restricted group during the @entity1949 period (4 days). When compared to FR @entity35 , an increase in the frequency of PE was observed in the FR group fed ad libitum during @entity1949 (both groups were challenged with @entity2072 ). Further, we sought to investigate motivational behavior by placing food within the behavioral cage during the evaluation of genital reflexes. The FR @entity1949 +saline group challenged with food did not display genital reflexes but when injected with @entity2072 the responses were similar to those observed in FR @entity1949 + @entity2072 @entity35 not challenged with food. Our data suggest that the facilitatory effect of @entity1949 on genital reflexes did not override the inhibitory effect of FR on erectile function, but different schedules of FR produce distinct effects on genital reflexes. Further studies are warranted to dissect the effect of food restriction on sexual behavior.

title: Effects of long-term food restriction on genital reflexes in paradoxically sleep-deprived male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical sleep deprivation', 'PSD']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1595 is a rare, multiorgan disease with prominent intestinal manifestations. We report a retrospective clinical study of 52 @entity1 recruited in various parts of France from 1967 to 1994. Seventy-three percent of the @entity1 were male. Clinical manifestations preceding the diagnosis were articular for 35 @entity1 (67%), digestive for 8 @entity1 (15%), general for 7 @entity1 (14%), and neurologic for 2 @entity1 (4%). At a later stage of the disease, 44 @entity1 (85%) presented @entity294 , @entity353 , and @entity8884 , while 8 @entity1 (15%) did not show any gastrointestinal symptom throughout the development of the disease. Forty-three @entity1 (83%) presented @entity4841 or @entity625 , and 11 (21%) had prominent neurologic symptoms. In addition, @entity65 were present in 9 @entity1 (17%); mucocutaneous symptoms, in 9 @entity1 (17%); @entity1109 , in 7 @entity1 (13%); and ophthalmologic symptoms, in 5 @entity1 (10%). All @entity1 but 1 were given a positive diagnosis on histopathologic criteria: jejunal biopsy for 46 @entity1 (90%), lymph node biopsy for 3 @entity1 (6%), brain biopsy for 1 @entity1 (2%), postmortem jejunal and cerebral biopsy for 1 @entity1 (2%). With treatment, the disease evolved favorably in 47 @entity1 (90%), while 5 @entity1 (10%) had unfavorable outcomes (2 deaths from neurologic involvement, 1 @entity1 with chronic @entity303 , and 2 @entity1 with digestive symptoms insensitive to antimicrobial therapy). Of the 41 @entity1 initially treated successfully and whose treatment has been completed, clinical evolution after discontinuation of treatment was favorable in 34 cases (83%). Clinical relapses occurred in 7 @entity1 . No relapse was observed after treatment by @entity206 - @entity207 , alone or following a combination of @entity114 and @entity3639 , or after the combination of @entity114 and @entity3639 , whatever the oral follow-up treatment prescribed. The evolution of @entity1 showing a relapse was favorable in all cases after reintroduction of antibiotic therapy. These results are discussed in the light of previously published series and case reports of @entity1595 . The diagnosis of the disease remains difficult at an early phase or when digestive symptoms are absent. It is noteworthy that proximal enteroscopy is sometimes misleading, considered normal on macroscopic examination and nonspecific on pathologic grounds. A normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate represents another pitfall. Histopathology is the key for positive and differential diagnosis, and may require multiple and repeated biopsies. Findings from molecular biology confirm the central role of an uncultured Gram-positive bacillus which was named in 1992 @entity1599 . A recent report suggests that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of peripheral blood might allow the diagnosis of @entity1595 in some cases. However, immunologic or cellular parameters such as macrophagic function may play an important, although not clearly elucidated, role in the pathogeny of the disease. @entity799 should be considered the antimicrobial agent of choice in the treatment of @entity1595 , minimizing the risk of cerebral involvement and relapses.

title: @entity1595 . Clinical review of 52 cases. The SNFMI Research Group on XXXX . Soci  t   Nationale Fran  aise de M  decine Interne.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ['Whipple disease']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity1599 :: ('2039', 'Species') :: ['Tropheryma whippelii']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular symptoms']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1595 :: (MESH:D008061,Disease) :: ['Whipple Disease']


abstract: AIM: Contradictory reports exist about a correlation of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene polymorphisms to the outcome of @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ) in @entity1 . We investigated the frequency of @entity1289 polymorphisms and their impact on the clinical course of @entity3441 in @entity1 in a Swiss hospital. METHODS: The @entity1289 gene polymorphism (I, insertion; D, deletion) was assessed in 32 @entity1 - 22 with @entity134 -sensitive @entity3441 and 10 with @entity134 -resistant @entity3441 - with a median age at onset of @entity3441 of 2.9 years (range 1.1-15.0). Polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on genomic DNA isolated from blood leucocytes. Results were correlated to clinical course and renal morphology. RESULTS: The @entity1289 genotype was I/I, I/D and D/D in two, 12 and eight @entity1 , respectively, with @entity134 -sensitive @entity3441 , and in one, eight and one @entity1 , respectively, with @entity134 resistance. Renal morphology, available in 25 @entity1 showed @entity1987 in 17 @entity1 (14 @entity134 -sensitive; three @entity134 -resistant) and @entity628 in eight (one @entity134 -sensitive; seven @entity134 -resistant). There was no significant correlation between @entity1289 genotype and @entity134 responsiveness, histology or outcome. @entity1289 genotype was I/I, I/D and D/D in none, 12 and five @entity1 , respectively, with @entity1987 , and in one, five and two @entity1 , respectively, with @entity628 . Six @entity1 with @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 went into @entity454 ; @entity1289 genotype was I/I in one and I/D in five, but none were D/D. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous reports, @entity1289 gene polymorphism is irrelevant for clinical outcome, @entity134 responsiveness or morphology in Swiss @entity1 with @entity3441 .

title: @entity1289 gene polymorphisms do not predict the course of XXXX in Swiss @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin I converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: In order to evaluate the possibility of using computed radiographic mammography in mass surveys of the breast, we have retrospectively examined 71 @entity0 in 71 @entity1 using computed radiographic and conventional non-screen mammographies and have carried out comparative studies on @entity5 detection rate and @entity730 . A 95.8% detection rate was obtained for the @entity5 image (n 71) using computed radiography (CR) and one of 93.0% using non-screen techniques. Three lesions remained undetected by either study. A 100% detection rate was obtained for @entity730 associated with @entity5 (n 33) from each method. No significant differences in either detection rate or @entity730 were seen between the two images. On the other hand, the ability to recognize @entity5 images (n 66) was as follows; CR superior to non-screen radiography in 53 lesions (80.3%), equal in eight lesions (12.1%) and inferior in five lesions (7.6%). For the @entity730 images (n 18), CR was superior to non-screen radiography in all 18 lesions. Obviously, CR gives better results than non-screen radiography. Furthermore, an adequate image can be obtained using CR even although the X-ray dosage is only a twentieth of that required for non-screen radiography. It can therefore be applied not only to mass surveys for @entity0 but also to routine clinical diagnoses.

title: Computed radiography for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although ribs provide the best source of cartilage for reconstruction, its harvesting is associated with significant @entity282 and sometimes incapacitating functional deficit. The lack of studies in the maxillofacial literature on regional @entity1337 for rib harvests stimulated this study design. This study compared @entity1342 with @entity1341 in providing postoperative @entity1337 after rib harvest. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who needed rib grafting for maxillofacial reconstructive procedures were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial. @entity1 were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups with different modalities of anesthesia against a control group. A catheter was embedded in the rib donor site in all @entity1 . @entity1 in group A received 0.75% @entity1342 , those in group B received 0.5% @entity1341 , and those in croup C @entity1 received normal saline and served as the controls. The outcome variables were the subjective and objective @entity158 scores, the duration of action, and the efficacy of the drugs after rib harvest. Dependent variables were the need for a rescue analgesic by the @entity1 and the duration of hospital stay. The subjective intensity of @entity158 at rest was calculated using the visual analog scale. The objective @entity158 scores at function were evaluated by comparing preoperative with postoperative values of incentive spirometry, breath-holding test, maximal chest expansion, and match-blowing test. The t test and paired samples test were used to the analyze data, and a P value less than .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were enrolled in this study. @entity1 in groups A and B showed significant @entity158 relief compared with group C. @entity1 in group A showed significantly less @entity158 at rest (2.8  0.894) compared with those in group B (3.7  0.875; P<.05). @entity1 in group A also showed significantly less in @entity158 at function (3.8  0.894) compared with those in group B (4.7  0.923; P<.05). @entity1 in group A showed a minimal need for a rescue bolus compared with those in group B. The duration of action for @entity1342 was longer by a mean difference of 11 hours. No noteworthy difference was seen for the duration of stay in the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The use of catheter-based @entity1337 after rib harvesting provides excellent postoperative comfort, with @entity1342 providing an earlier return to normal function compared with @entity1341 . The duration of action of @entity1342 was significantly longer and, hence, decreased the need for rescue analgesics.

title: Catheter-based donor site @entity1337 after rib grafting: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical trial comparing @entity1342 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of @entity1 with suspected proliferative @entity6 who did not receive the recommended follow-up ophthalmological evaluation and care, and to examine associations between various @entity1 characteristics and the failure to obtain care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study cohort included all Navajo Indians identified by a retrospective review of records who had proliferative @entity6 diagnosed at an Indian Health Service Optometry Clinic between 1 October 1985 and 30 September 1988. Follow-up data were obtained by medical record reviews and by interviews with subjects. RESULTS: Of 69 @entity1 identified, 57 of 61 living @entity1 were interviewed. Twenty-three (40.4%) had failed to obtain recommended follow-up. The RR for incomplete treatment among those without a vehicle in the household compared with those with a vehicle was 1.91 (95% CI 1.32-2.76). Other factors associated with incomplete treatment were female sex and marital status other than currently married. Twelve (21%) @entity1 answered "no" to the question, "Have you been told that @entity6 was affecting your eyes?" Eight of 38 (21%) who confirmed that they had been told that @entity6 was affecting their eyes responded "no" to the question, "Do you think that @entity6 is affecting your eyes?" However, the answers to these questions did not distinguish between @entity1 who obtained or did not obtain recommended care. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to increase the proportion of Navajo Indians with @entity6 who receive appropriate ophthalmologic care must address the issue of transportation.

title: Factors associated with failure to complete treatment for XXXX among Navajo Indians.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic retinopathy']


abstract: A six-year experience in 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity3217 fungoides treated with combination chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity786 , @entity229 and @entity18143 (BCPE) in advanced @entity3217 fungoides showed initial complete remissions in 16 @entity1 (85%). The initial complete remissions lasted in average 8 months. A second complete remission was obtained in seven @entity1 . The overall survival after 2 years was 50% and 30% after 4 years. At the time of the investigation six @entity1 are alive, three in complete remission and three in partial remission. Two @entity1 are in partial remission after 6 years, one of these had additional therapy with alfa-interferon. @entity1 entering the study until 1982 also received transfer factor, an immune stimulating agent. Since in 1982 a double-blind study revealed no differences between @entity1 given the active--and @entity1 given the inactive medication, no new @entity1 since then had transfer factor. BCPE compares favourable with other chemotherapeutic regimes. The data presented seem to justify the use of @entity4878 as a part of combination chemotherapy in @entity3217 fungoides.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity786 , @entity229 and @entity18143 (BCPE) in advanced XXXX fungoides: a six-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity18143 :: ('MESH:D005050', 'Chemical') :: ['etretinate']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: The first presentation of intratemporal facial @entity3292 was variable, with @entity3541 most common. The @entity5 often involve two or more segments of facial nerve. Outcomes of the @entity5 were closely related to nerve integrity, preoperative @entity2103 level, and follow-up period. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to present surgical experience of 11 cases with intratemporal facial @entity3292 . METHODS: Clinical data of the 11 cases with the @entity5 was retrospectively collected and analyzed. They were followed up for 37.9    1.7 months, range 13-59 months, except for one case that was only followed up for 5 months and was excluded from the analysis of outcomes. RESULTS: @entity3541 was the first presentation in 10 cases, with repetitive @entity3541 and vertigo in 1 case; 6 cases (54.5%) were insidious and 5 (45.5%) were sudden in terms of onset. Ear @entity158 around the onset of @entity3541 was found in four cases (36.4%). The @entity5 involved more than one segment in six cases. Among the non-grafted cases one @entity1 with grade V @entity2103 recovered to grade III and another @entity1 with grade VI @entity2103 recovered to grade IV, whereas only one case with grade VI recovered to grade IV among the grafted cases.

title: Surgical experience of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['intratemporal facial nerve neurofibromas']


abstract: The origin of @entity545 remains obscure although the first description dates back to 1743. The prevalence of the disease is 388.6 per 100,000 population. Little physiopathologic data is available. Repeated microtrauma to the tunica albuginea appears to favor the onset of inflammatory phenomena, in turn the source of @entity82 . Clinical examination remains the ideal method for diagnosis and follow-up: it can be completed by ultrasonography of the corpora cavernosa. Magnetic resonance imaging does not appear to provide any significant benefits. The @entity32 and @entity158 encountered in early stages of the disease can be managed medically. Numerous treatments have been tested (oral route or local injections); results are in the course of evaluation. In the absence of well-controlled clinical trials, there is no standard medical therapy. Radiotherapy today appears inadvisable. The sequels of @entity545 can be treated surgically, especially in @entity1 who can maintain and adequate erection but suffer from a deformation incompatible with sexual activity. Numerous technical artifices have been proposed; correction of deformations is generally satisfactory but perfections need to be made concerning the quality of erection. @entity1 with @entity1442 and severe @entity323 can be offered reconstructive surgery using penile implants: results of the various procedures are analyzed.

title: [La XXXX . Historical, epidemiological, physiopathological data. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['Peyronie disease']


abstract: Glycosidase activities were detected as detergent-insoluble after sequential extractions of @entity1237 sperm with Triton X-100. Seventy percent of total beta-glucuronidase activity was found in the detergent-insoluble fraction. This portion of beta-glucuronidase was resistant to extractions in the presence of 1 M @entity4338 , chaotropic agents, @entity3812 , or @entity2389 , being only partially solubilized by 3 M @entity4338 or DNAse I treatment. The treatment with 0.1% @entity6743 was effective, releasing 73% of the enzyme activity. Treating the deoxycholate extract with DNAse I resulted in a change in the elution profile of beta-glucuronidase as judged by gel filtration chromatography. A polyclonal antibody was developed against pancreatic beta-glucuronidase, and the sperm enzyme was strongly inhibited by the IgG fraction of this antibody. Western blot analysis showed that the same protein correspond to both Triton-soluble and insoluble enzyme. Results demonstrate that beta-glucuronidase is tightly bound to the Triton X-100 resistant fraction, suggesting that the enzyme is associated to sperm cytoskeleton. J. Exp. Zool. 289:146-152, 2001.

title: beta-D-glucuronidase is associated with XXXX sperm cytoskeleton.

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium deoxycholate']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2176 treatment failure for @entity281 caused by susceptible @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) strains with high @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) has prompted recent guidelines to recommend a higher @entity2176 target trough of 15 to 20 @entity4085 . METHODS: A prospective cohort study of adult @entity1 infected with @entity794 was performed to determine the distribution of @entity2176 @entity6251 and treatment outcomes with @entity2176 doses targeting an unbound trough of at least 4 times the @entity6251 . The microbiology laboratory computer records were used to identify all @entity1 from whom @entity794 was isolated from August 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005. Primary outcome measures were clinical response, mortality, and nephrotoxicity. @entity1 were placed into subgroups based on target trough attainment and high vs low @entity2176 @entity6251 (>/=2 vs <2 @entity4085 ) for efficacy and high vs low trough (>/=15 vs <15 @entity4085 ) for nephrotoxicity analyses. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity1 in the study, 51 (54%) were infected with high- @entity6251 strains and had @entity55 (77%) and/or @entity2259 . An initial response rate of 74% was achieved if the target trough was attained irrespective of @entity6251 . However, despite achieving the target trough, the high- @entity6251 group had lower end-of-treatment responses (24/39 [62%] vs 34/40 [85%]; P = .02) and higher infection-related mortality (11/51 [24%] vs 4/44 [10%]; P=.16) compared with the low- @entity6251 group. High @entity6251 (P = .03) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (P = .009) were independent predictors of poor response in multivariate analysis. Nephrotoxicity occurred only in the high-trough group (11/63 [12%]), significantly predicted by concomitant therapy with other nephrotoxic agents. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of clinical @entity794 strains with elevated @entity2176 @entity6251 (2 @entity4085 ) requires aggressive empirical @entity2176 dosing to achieve a trough greater than 15 @entity4085 . Combination or alternative therapy should be considered for invasive @entity281 caused by these strains.

title: High-dose XXXX therapy for @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 @entity281 : efficacy and toxicity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentration']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: ABSTRACT Long-term use of levodopa (L-dopa) in @entity1 with @entity191 is associated with development of @entity910 . This study explored whether @entity191 @entity1 with L-dopa-induced @entity910 experience improved OFF-time from higher L-dopa doses without worsening of @entity910 , when receiving adjunctive mavoglurant. @entity1 with moderate-to-severe L-dopa-induced @entity910 were randomized to receive mavoglurant or placebo. Mavoglurant ( @entity42863 ) was up-titrated over 2  weeks from 25  mg twice daily ( @entity5353 ) to 100  mg @entity5353 (L-dopa kept stable), followed by 3  weeks during which the daily L-dopa dosage was increased by up to 300  mg/day. A sample size of 30 was initially planned; however, the study was terminated prematurely due to enrollment challenges. OFF-time showed greater improvements in the mavoglurant group (n   =   7) compared with the placebo group (n   =   7); difference at week 5 was -2.77  hours (90% confidence interval -5.44, -0.09  hours; p   =   .09). ON-time without troublesome @entity910 increased more from baseline to week 5 in the mavoglurant group (4.38  hours) vs. the placebo group (0.63  hours). Clinician-rated measures were conflicting. Modified @entity910 Scale scores showed a slight improvement with mavoglurant compared with placebo, while the Unified @entity910 Rating Scale parts III and IV worsened slightly with mavoglurant compared with placebo. Due to the low @entity1 numbers and conflicting clinician-rated outcomes data, our findings are not conclusive. However, our results suggest that mavoglurant combined with higher doses of @entity3034 may be effective in treating @entity1 with @entity191 experiencing L-dopa-related motor fluctuations and @entity910 .

title: Mavoglurant ( @entity42863 ) in combination with increased levodopa dosages in @entity191 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'dyskinesias', 'Abnormal Involuntary Movement', 'Dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Specimens of @entity421 , @entity511 , one @entity2967 , and five extraskeletal soft-tissue @entity242 were transplanted into male athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity19 . Survival of the transplant was determined by the volume-doubling time and the sex chromatin of the @entity5 cells obtained from two female @entity1 . By these criteria and the similarity of the histological composition of the original @entity5 and the transplant, survival occurred in four of @entity421 and four of @entity511 . Without any local infiltration of lymphocytes or plasma cells, or other evidence of cell-mediated immunity, the surviving @entity5 regressed by the fourth week after the operation. @entity4383 and osteoprogenitor cells were replaced by fibrous connective tissue or fibrogenic @entity5 -tissue cells. Osteocytes degenerated and disappeared from the lacunae. The one @entity2967 transplant survived, growing very slowly, but by the end of the first week after transplantation whorls of mononucleated cells appeared in sites previously occupied by multinucleated cells. Transplants of @entity1822 , @entity1821 , and @entity1352 (one @entity5 of each) degenerated. One of two @entity1492 survived transplantation. The most striking reaction of the @entity19 host bed was to encompass six of @entity421 and four of @entity511 in deposits of normal living cartilage, bone, and bone marrow. The incidence of new bone inducedy by living transplants was only slightly greater than by implants of freeze-dried killed @entity421 tissue. Not one of five @entity242 , living or dead, induced bone formation. These observations suggest that an osteoinductive agent is transmitted by some @entity421 and @entity511 . This agent initiates differentiation of host mesenchymal cells into normal non- @entity5 cartilage and bone, which later colonized by bone marrow. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our observations present experimental evidence of the origin of the envelope of normal non- @entity5 bone that may surround @entity5 bone. In 1926, Phemister recognized the clinical significane of this envelope as a pitfall in the differential diagnosis of @entity3478 , @entity511 , @entity5323 , and other @entity5 . He emphasized the importance of examining the entire specimen for the distribution of deposits of @entity5 and normal bone. The induction of normal bone formation in the host bed surrounding transplants of @entity421 and some @entity511 (but not transplants of @entity1492 , @entity1821 , or @entity1822 ) is evidence of a specific @entity5 -cell characteristic. Thus, the bone inductive response is not an unspecific reaction to injury from expansion or of @entity5 growth but a biological response to @entity5 -cell products. Transplants of @entity1 @entity5 growing in the thymus-deficient @entity19 can be treated by combinations of radiation, amputation, and new chemotherapeutic agents...

title: Induction of new-bone formation in the host bed by @entity1 XXXX transplants in athymic @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcomas', 'chondrosarcoma', 'five chondrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'extraskeletal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumor', 'tumorous', 'tumors', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovioma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas', 'fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma', 'twelve osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans circumscripta']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['Transformed osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['bone-tumor']


abstract: Growth of head circumference was studied along with height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) in 21 prepubertal @entity1 with @entity177 ( @entity177 ) before and during recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 (rhGH) treatment. @entity177 was present from birth in 15 @entity1 , in the 6 others it was acquired and existing for at least 1 year. Five @entity1 were on chronic dialysis, and 16 @entity1 were on conservative treatment with a median glomerular filtration rate of 17 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at the start of rhGH therapy. rhGH was administered for 12 months in all @entity1 , for 18 months in 19, and for 24 months in 12 @entity1 . Mean height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) increased significantly from -2.29 to -1.31 after 1 year and to -1.07 after 2 years. Mean BMI @entity214 was within the normal range throughout. Mean head circumference @entity214 improved significantly from -2.04 to -1.45 after 1 year and remained stable thereafter. Changes in head circumference differed between @entity1 under 5 years and those over 5 years. In the former, the increase in head circumference @entity214 was already significant after 6 months of therapy, in the latter, significance was reached only after 1 year. It can be concluded that rhGH in @entity177 @entity1 significantly improves head circumference @entity214 , albeit not to the same extent as height @entity214 .

title: @entity2124 therapy in XXXX induces catch-up of head circumference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'chronic renal failure']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: International guidelines for managing @entity170 in @entity82 or severe @entity1448 indicate a <-2.5 t-score as a cut-off for medical treatment, while no treatment is recommended in the case of @entity2331 (t-scores ranging from -1.0 to -2.5). AIM: We conducted a prospective study in @entity2835 with a view to optimizing the rationale for the medical treatment of @entity604 . METHODS: All na  ve post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity2835 were enrolled in the study. Bone metabolism was evaluated by measuring @entity14257 , @entity461 , osteocalcin. Bone mineral density was assessed at the lumbar spine by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry at the baseline and every 2 years for up to 4 years. @entity1 with either @entity2331 or @entity170 received the following treatment: oral @entity4959 (1000 mg/day)+ @entity3875 (880 IU/day)+i.m. @entity19160 100mg every 10 days for 4 years. RESULTS: Ninety-six @entity1 completed the study: 30 had a normal bone mineral density (group 1), 37 had @entity2331 (group 2), 29 had @entity170 (group 3). No significant differences in biochemical parameters of bone metabolism were observed between the three groups. A total of 288 bone mineral density measurements were taken. Linear regression analysis failed to reveal significant changes in t-score over the follow-up in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 4-year treatment with @entity19160 + @entity460 / @entity3875 supplements does not significantly improve @entity170 or @entity2331 in @entity2835 @entity1 in menopause, but prevents the natural @entity604 in these @entity1 . Extensive international trials are warranted to optimize the prevention and treatment of @entity604 in @entity2835 .

title: A 4-year treatment with @entity19160 plus XXXX and vitamin D supplements does not improve bone mass in @entity2835 .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate', 'disodium clodronate']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Twice-daily dosing with @entity5418 was evaluated by two multicenter trials, trial 1 (eight weeks) and trial 2 (four weeks). Both trials demonstrated significantly better @entity1066 at study completion for the 2-g twice daily (B.I.D.) regimen compared with placebo. Both trials were double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled, with parallel groups. @entity1 received two doses daily consisting of @entity5418 2 g B.I.D., placebo/ @entity5418 2 g at bedtime (H.S.), or placebo/placebo. @entity1066 was assessed by scheduled endoscopy and symptom assessment. Healing was defined as complete absence of erosion or @entity1066 . Trial 1 evaluations were conducted at four and eight weeks, trial 2 evaluations at two and four weeks. Interim examinations were performed at investigator discretion. Treatment groups were comparable with regard to number of @entity1 , age, sex, smoking status, @entity1066 size, and presence/absence of baseline symptoms. @entity5418 2 g B.I.D. was significantly better than H.S. or placebo dosing at the completion of each trial. H.S. dosing was better than placebo only at the four-week analysis of trial 1. At Week 4 of trial 1, 14 of 54 @entity1 (26 percent) were healed with the B.I.D. @entity5418 regimen, whereas at Week 8, 41 of 54 (76 percent) were healed (p less than 0.001). For the placebo/ @entity5418 H.S. group, 17 of 57 @entity1 (30 percent) were healed at Week 4 (p less than 0.05), and 32 of 56 @entity1 (57 percent) were healed at Week 8. For the placebo group, six of 52 (12 percent) and 20 of 51 @entity1 (39 percent) were healed at Weeks 4 and 8, respectively. In trial 2, the B.I.D. group had a 21 percent healing rate at Week 2 (13 of 61 @entity1 ) and 62 percent were healed at Week 4 (38 of 61 @entity1 ; p less than 0.05). The H.S. group had an 8 percent healing rate (five of 66 @entity1 ) at Week 2 and 50 percent (33 of 66 @entity1 ) at Week 4. For the placebo group, 10 of 62 @entity1 (16 percent) and 26 of 62 @entity1 (42 percent) were healed at Weeks 2 and 4, respectively. Trial 1 demonstrated significant symptom improvement for active treatment groups at both four and eight weeks, whereas no differences were found in trial 2. @entity5418 2 g B.I.D. was found to be safe and effective for the treatment of @entity4773 .

title: Twice-daily @entity5418 dosing to heal XXXX . Multicenter Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcer healing', 'ulcer healing', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['acute duodenal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate', 'Sucralfate']

answer: @entity4773 :: (MESH:D004381,Disease) :: ['acute duodenal ulcer']


abstract: The @entity4357 3  -kinase ( @entity10412 )/ @entity584 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis and @entity5 progression by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, a process closely associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) of @entity5 . @entity2306 is a commonly used pharmacological inhibitor that acts at the @entity855  -binding site of the @entity10412 enzyme, selectively inhibiting the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of @entity2306 on the chemosensitivity of @entity356 cells to @entity1891 (VCR) in vitro and in vivo and investigated the possible underlying cellular mechanisms. The effect of @entity2306 on cell viability, apoptosis induction and inhibition of @entity5 growth was analyzed using @entity98 and TUNEL assay in in  vitro and in  vivo models of @entity356 . Intracellular accumulation of VCR was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The activity of the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway was evaluated by western blot analysis. Furthermore, reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity1262 / @entity1262 ( @entity7895 ) and apoptosis  -related factors. We found that @entity356 cells treated with @entity2306 showed a significant inhibition of @entity10412 / @entity584 activity. The @entity10412 inhibitor @entity2306 combined with VCR worked synergistically to promote growth inhibition, induce apoptosis and increase the intracellular drug accumulation in @entity356 cell lines. Similarly, @entity2306 could cooperate with VCR to reduce @entity5 growth in a @entity356 model in  vivo. Finally, @entity2306 was able to decrease the expression of @entity1262 / @entity7895 , @entity588 and @entity9846 , and upregulate expression of @entity589 and @entity522 , thereby enhancing chemosensitivity to VCR by inhibiting a drug pump and inducing apoptosis. These results suggested that the @entity10412 / @entity584 inhibitor @entity2306 can enhance chemosensitivity of @entity1 @entity356 to VCR. This preclinical evaluation of a rational combination of @entity2306 and VCR may provide a new strategy to resolve the MDR of @entity356 .

title: Inhibition of the @entity10412 / XXXX pathway increases the chemosensitivity of @entity356 to @entity1891 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to describe the first documented @entity2893 -resistant @entity3274 (CRKP) outbreak in a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia. We initiated a prospective study to follow all cases of CRKP as well as the active surveillance of @entity1 in areas where cases were identified. We also conducted a retrospective review of the microbiology database for any missed cases of CRKP. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was conducted for the available CRKP isolates. During March 2010, a cluster of eight CRKPs was detected primarily in the adult intensive care unit (ICU). @entity1 with CRKPs were put under strict contact isolation, along with appropriate @entity281 control measures. A retrospective review of @entity3274 isolates over the previous 6 months revealed two more CRKPs. The PFGE results during the outbreak period showed that the majority of strains were genetically indistinguishable or closely related. The majority of @entity1 had prolonged hospital stay (91%), indwelling devices (81%), surgical procedures (74%), @entity2893 use (62%), and colonization/ @entity281 with other multiple drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) (57%). Two-fifths of @entity1 with CRKP had clinical @entity281 and 38% died during the current hospitalization. Contact isolation, hand hygiene, environmental cleaning, and staff education may control CRKP outbreak in the acute care setting, but did not prevent endemicity.

title: The epidemiology of the first described XXXX -resistant @entity3274 outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia: how far do we go?

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: Between 1974 and 1992, 32 @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed @entity5426 of the head and neck were evaluated at our institution. The primary treatment group consisted of 24 @entity1 who had the initial diagnosis made or confirmed at our institution, and the other 8 @entity1 formed the salvage group. There were 23 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 . The median age in the primary treatment group was 63 years (range 18 to 91 years). The overall median survival among the primary group @entity1 was 4.8 years, and the 3-year survival was estimated to be 57% (95% confidence interval 39% to 84%). The median follow-up was 2.1 years (range 83 days to 9.7 years). @entity1 who had @entity5 less than 7.0 cm in diameter and @entity5 with invasion only to the subcutaneous tissues had better overall survival and longer time to first adverse event. Diploid DNA content was a significant favorable prognostic factor for time to first adverse event. Mitotic activity was of borderline significance with both end points. @entity1 who had @entity5 of less than 1.5 cm were treated successfully with surgery alone. @entity1 treated with combined surgery and radiotherapy also tended to do better. Because most @entity1 in whom regional recurrences developed had @entity5 larger than 7.0 cm, we conclude that @entity1 with @entity5 of this size may benefit from regional neck node dissection at the time of primary excision or from elective neck irradiation.

title: XXXX of the head and neck: clinical and pathologic characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcomas']


abstract: To investigate the extent to which a relationship may exist between nurses' own oral hygiene and their commitment and capability of following instructions for tooth brushing with conventional and triple-headed toothbrushes, to @entity306 ( @entity306 ) @entity1 . The study included 43 individuals with @entity306 and their 44 nurses. A structured questionnaire was designed to assess I. Demographic characteristics of the nurses II. Nurses' knowledge and maintenance of their own oral-hygiene and that of their @entity306 @entity1 . Nurses' ability to follow instruction for tooth-brushing was evaluated and scored using the TB-PS-I/Ashkenazi index following the first brushing, as well as on a recall visit one month later. More nurses (72.7%) reported routine tooth-brushing in the morning than in the evening (40.9%). Most nurses (73%) reported not flossing their teeth at all, and more than half reported visiting their dentist only when they suffer @entity158 . A positive correlation was found between the nurses' knowledge of preventive oral measures and their compliance with their own oral hygiene and with that of their @entity306 @entity1 . Similarly, a positive correlation was found between nurses' receiving previous instruction for correct oral hygiene and their maintenance of their @entity1 ' oral hygiene. Institutions for @entity306 @entity1 should disseminate information on oral hygiene to staff, as a means of increasing their maintenance of their @entity1 ' oral health.

title: The relationship between nurses' oral hygiene and the mouth care of their XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Exponentially growing @entity1 lymphoblasts (culture LS-2) were separated by cell sorting (FACS II, Becton Dickinson) according to their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content, designating them at particular phases of the cell cycle. Prior to cell sorting the DNA has been fluorochrome-labeled with the Hoechst stain H 33342. Maximum cell enrichments of 94% for G0 + G1 cells, 96% for S cells and 74% for G2 + M cells could be achieved. The enzyme activities of @entity1014 kinase (TK), @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ), DNA polymerase (DNA-P), @entity9796 reductase (FH2-R), @entity1853 synthase (MS), and hexokinase (HK) were determined in the obtained cell fractions. Although incorporation of @entity665 (3H-dTR) and the 3H-dTR labeling index were significantly inhibited by the dye, no evidence of cell staining's having a significant effect on the enzyme activities was found. The enzyme activities for approximately 100% pure G0 + G1, S, and G2 + M cells were computed. With exception of TK, all the enzymes under study were shown to exhibit activities--although of differing degree--in the G0 + G1, S, and G2 + M cells. No TK activity was shown in G0 and G1 cells; its activity, however, was approximately the same in S and G2 + M cells. This applies likewise for @entity1382 which, in contrast to TK, exhibits minor activity in G0 + G1 cells. DNA-P was highly active in G0 + G1 cells, but maximum activity was in S cells. FH2-R exhibited maximum activity in S cells, although the difference in activity between S and G2 + M cells was not significant. None of the observed differences in MS activity was significant, indicating equally high activity in cells of all cell cycle phases. HK activity is approximately twice as high in G2 + M cells as in G0 + G1 cells.

title: Relation between cell cycle stage and the activity of DNA-synthesizing enzymes in cultured XXXX lymphoblasts: investigations on cells separated according to DNA content by way of a cell sorter.

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity9796 :: ('MESH:C010920', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrofolate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date studies on the relation between mode of delivery and @entity66 in are controversial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine a possible relationship between mode of delivery and risk of @entity1097 phenotypes and, to assess the critical role of some pre-and post-natal parameters as a link between mode of delivery and risk of atopy. METHODS: 1516 @entity1 were assessed by skin prick tests, serum total and specific IgE levels. Parental reports on demographic and clinical data were also recorded. RESULTS: Of the 1516 @entity1 enrolled for the study, clinical and laboratory informations were obtained from 917 @entity1 . 460 @entity1 of them were born via @entity1050 and 457 via VD. Mode of delivery did not modify the prevalence of immune sensitization and/or @entity56 . However, @entity1050 was associated with increased risk of atopy (p<0.001). Moreover, some parameters such as familiar history of atopy (p<0.001), habits smoking (p<0.05), exclusive artificial feeding (p<0.001); and breast-feeding time (<3months) (p<0.001) were associated with a major risk of atopy in @entity1050 group. Additionally, although our study confirmed that breast-feeding is associated to lower serum total IgE levels than artificial-feeding (p<0.001), it seems that the protective role of breast-feeding is negatively influenced from @entity1050 . Also in artificial-feeding subjects @entity1050 is related to a significant higher levels of IgE than VD (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity1050 influences only the risk of atopy but no prevalence of immune sensitization and @entity56 .

title: Mode of delivery and XXXX phenotypes: Old questions new insights? A retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity1097 :: (MESH:C566404,Disease) :: ['atopic']


abstract: 1. Although @entity712 is commonly associated with depressed systolic function, there is increasing evidence that impaired diastolic performance is also universally present and might be a key determinant of symptoms, physical capacity and even survival in some subsets of @entity1 . 2. Reduced diastolic distensibility increases cardiac filling pressure not only at rest, but even more during exercise when diastolic filling time is reduced. The increases in filling pressure and diastolic wall stress lead to @entity891 and subendocardial ischaemia, it also triggers @entity1283 and a detrimental remodelling of the ventricular cavity. Perhaps even more importantly, @entity67 limits the use of the Frank-Starling mechanism, impairing systolic pump function and cardiac output adaptation during exercise. Therapies able to improve the distensibility of the ventricle are, therefore, desirable in @entity712 . 3. Nitrates, @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and diuretics may indirectly increase left ventricular chamber compliance by their effects on the right side of the heart. Cardiac glycosides do not improve myocardial relaxation and may even cause diastolic contracture at toxic doses. The new @entity2161 partial agonist, @entity18293 , on the other hand, consistently lowers left ventricular filling pressure at rest and during exercise, and produces an increase in left ventricular dynamic compliance through the direct lusitropic effect of @entity2161 stimulation. These beneficial effects are maintained during prolonged therapy and also appear sufficient to slow the remodelling of the ventricular cavity. The improvement in symptoms and in exercise tolerance observed during @entity18293 ( @entity18293 , Carwin, Corwil, @entity18293 , @entity18293 ) therapy might, therefore, be related to the improvement in left ventricular diastolic distensibility induced by this drug.

title: Focus on XXXX : a new approach to @entity712 therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2161 :: ('153', 'Gene') :: ['beta 1-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ventricular distensibility']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: Surgical @entity572 is the gold standard for treatment of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ). It utilizes an intermuscular and internervous approach to the hip. Concerns have been expressed that this approach causes soft tissue trauma resulting in post-operative @entity425 of @entity1 undergoing this procedure. We therefore asked whether surgical @entity572 leads to (i) @entity194 (decreased muscle diameter or cross-sectional area [CSA]) and (ii) degeneration ( @entity1560 ) of 18 evaluated periarticular hip muscles. We retrospectively evaluated 32 @entity1 (34 hips) following surgical @entity572 for the treatment of @entity1743 using pre and post-operative magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography of the hip. We evaluated muscle diameter, CSA and degree of @entity1560 according to Goutallier for 18 periarticular hip muscles on axial and sagittal views. The mean interval between pre and post-operative MR was 1.9        1.5 years (range, 0.4-6.1 years). Pre and post-operative muscle diameter and CSA of all 18 evaluated hip muscles did not differ. There was no post-operative change in the Goutallier classification for any of the evaluated 18 muscles. No muscle had post-operative degeneration higher than Grade 1 according to Goutallier. No @entity194 or @entity528 muscles could be found following surgical @entity572 for treatment of @entity1743 . Any raised concerns about the invasiveness and potential muscle trauma for this type of surgery are unfounded. Level III, retrospective comparative study. See guidelines for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Surgical XXXX does not result in @entity194 or @entity1560 of periarticular hip muscles.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of periarticular hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, obstetrical and fetal complication rates of @entity9744 of pregnancy in @entity1 managed actively around 38 weeks and evaluate the correlation of these results with liver function tests and @entity3645 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cohort study 3710 @entity1 were booked for delivery, of which 32 pregnant @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity9744 of pregnancy. All data concerning obstetric- medical history, laboratory results, symptom onset time, @entity111 degree, treatment response, and delivery time and @entity1 information were recorded in the study protocol. Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 12.0 version and correlations were assessed by Spearman Rank correlation analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity9744 of pregnancy was 0.86%. The symptoms appeared around 32 weeks. 16.6% multiparas had a previously affected pregnancy and 21.8% of @entity9744 of pregnancy @entity1 had family history of @entity9744 of pregnancy. Symptom onset varied according to season (p<0.05). Most @entity1 (69.5%) were diagnosed in winter and the beginning of spring. There were no reported cases of clinical maternal @entity1087 , @entity548 tendency or @entity2209 . @entity111 was decreased by @entity10055 treatment. Total @entity3645 tended to be higher in @entity1 with @entity3152 (r=0.409, p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Total @entity3645 are correlated with @entity3152 . An attempt to deliver at around 38 weeks may improve perinatal outcome.

title: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: correlation of @entity3152 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity10055 :: ('MESH:D014580', 'Chemical') :: ['ursodeoxycholic acid']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity172 loss has been related to higher incidence of @entity64 in postmenopausal @entity1 , but randomized trials have demonstrated an increased risk of @entity64 in @entity1 receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones and the risk of noncardioembolic @entity385 . METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, age-matched, case-control study in postmenopausal @entity1 (case: nonembolic @entity385 ; control: no @entity64 ) comparing duration of ovarian activity or lifetime @entity172 exposure, which was defined as age at menarche to age at menopause. @entity887 and unreliable gynecologic data were exclusion criteria. @entity65 risk factors were recorded. The relationships of the principal variables to the risk of @entity64 were assessed using a conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: There were 430 cases and 905 controls in the study. In the multivariate analysis, @entity101 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.09 to 3.58; p < 0.0001), @entity6 (OR: 3.38; 95% CI: 2.53 to 4.52; p < 0.0001), @entity407 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.7; p = 0.045), lifespan of ovarian activity <34 years (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.03; p = 0.005), and menarche at <13 years of age (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.92; p = 0.002) were independently related to an increased risk of @entity64 . Obesity (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.95; p = 0.021) was related to a lower risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Longer lifetime exposure to ovarian @entity172 may protect against noncardioembolic @entity385 . However, a very early age of exposure onset could be disadvantageous.

title: Risk of XXXX and lifetime @entity172 exposure.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Embolic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transcatheter @entity2478 closure (TPVLC) has become an established treatment option but is mostly performed with off-label use of different non-dedicated occluders. The first one specifically designed for TPVLC is the @entity1652 (PLD - Occlutech). AIM: We present initial short-term results of a prospective registry intended to assess the safety and efficacy of TPVLC with PLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We screened @entity1 with @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) after surgical valve replacement (SVR). @entity5714 were indications for TPVLC. @entity1 were selected according to @entity2478 anatomy by RT 3D TEE. Only those considered appropriate for closure with a single PLD were enrolled. The procedures were performed via transvascular or transapical access using type W (waist) PLDs only. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 with 34 PVLs (18 aortic, 16 mitral) were included. We implanted 35 PLDs with a total device success rate of 94.3% (100% for aortic, 88.2% for mitral). The procedural success rate, encompassing device success without in-hospital complications, was 94.1% (100% for aortic, 93.8% for mitral). During the follow-up period we recorded an increase of hemoglobin concentration (3.9 to 4.1 g/dl), red blood count (11.6 to 12.2 M/mm(3)) and functional improvement by NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: Paravalvular leak device type W is a promising TPVLC device, but meticulous preselection of @entity1 based on imaging of @entity2478 anatomy is a prerequisite. A PLD should only be chosen for channels shorter than 5 mm. Size of the device should match the @entity2478 cross-sectional area without any oversizing. Such an approach facilitates high device and procedural success rates.

title: Transcatheter closure of paravalvular leaks using a XXXX - a prospective Polish registry.

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak device']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['PVL', 'paravalvular leak']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure symptoms and/or hemolytic anemia']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['paravalvular leak device']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) offers an alternative to exercise training (ExT) in the most severely deconditioned @entity712 @entity1 who are unable to exercise. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine magnitude of change in peak VO2, six minute walk distance (6MWD), Quality of Life measured by the Minnesota Living with @entity712 Questionnaire (MLWHFQ), maximal inspiratory pressure (PI max) and ventilatory equivalent for @entity544 (VE/VCO2 slope) with @entity121 . METHODS: A systematic search was conducted of randomized, controlled trials of @entity121 therapy in CHF @entity1 using Medline (Ovid) (1950-February 2012), Embase.com (1974-February 2012), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and CINAHL (1981-February 2012). The search strategy included a mix of MeSH and free text terms for the key concepts @entity712 , inspiratory or respiratory muscle training, exercise training RESULTS: The eleven included studies contained data on 287 @entity1 : 148 @entity121 @entity1 and 139 sham or sedentary control. Compared to control groups, CHF @entity1 undergoing @entity121 showed a significant improvement in peak VO2 (+1.83 ml kg(-1) min(-1), 95% C.I. 1.33 to 2.32 ml kg(-1) min(-1), p<0.00001); 6 MWD (+34.35 m, 95% C.I. 22.45 to 46.24 m, p<0.00001); MLWHFQ (-12.25, 95% C.I. -17.08 to -7.43, p<0.00001); PImax (+20.01, 95% C.I. 13.96 to 26.06, p<0.00001); and VE/VCO2 slope (-2.28, 95% C.I. -3.25 to -1.30, p<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity121 improves @entity1576 and quality of life to a similar magnitude to conventional exercise training and may provide an initial alternative to the more severely de-conditioned CHF @entity1 who may then transition to conventional ExT.

title: Efficacy of inspiratory muscle training in chronic XXXX @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'Inspiratory muscle training']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3102 (K), @entity31731 (ZP), and @entity3785 (SA) are compounds active in the treatment of dandruff. A thermophobic foam formulation containing K 1%, ZP 0.5%, and SA 2% is now available. STUDY AIM: To compare the efficacy of thermo phobic foam with K 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of moderate to severe dandruff. @entity1 and methods In a randomized, prospective, parallel-group, investigator-blinded, 4-week treatment trial, a total of 54 @entity1 (mean age 43 +/- 8 years) were enrolled. Foam (F group) (n = 37) or K 2% scalp fluid (SF group) (n = 17) was applied daily for 7 days and twice weekly for 3 weeks thereafter. Clinical assessment of the total dandruff severity score (TDSS) was performed at baseline, after 2 and 4 weeks. The TDSS was calculated using a four-grade quantitative score (0 = no dandruff; 3 = severe dandruff) dividing the scalp area into four zones and adding the single score for each area. RESULTS: At baseline, TDSS was 7.1 +/- 2 and 5.1 +/- 1 in the F and SF groups, respectively. At the end of treatment period, beneficial effects were observed in both groups. The TDSS was reduced to 2.5 +/- 1 in the F group and to 3.7 +/- 1.2 in the SF group (mean difference in favor of F group: -1.2; 95% CI: -0.57 to -1.8) (P = 0.0003). A complete or nearly complete resolution of dandruff was observed in 24 out of 37 (64%: 95%CI: 48-77%) in the F group and in 7 out of 17 (41%: 95% CI: 21-64%) in the SF group (P = 0.06 between groups). CONCLUSIONS: This new antidandruff thermophobic foam has shown to be more effective than @entity3102 2% scalp fluid in the treatment of severe dandruff.

title: Efficacy of a new antidandruff thermophobic foam: a randomized, controlled, investigator-blinded trial vs. XXXX 2% scalp fluid.

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity31731 :: ('MESH:C010423', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc pyrithione']

answer: @entity3102 :: (MESH:D007654,Chemical) :: ['ketoconazole']


abstract: An epidural type catheter was placed in the pleural space under direct vision before the closure of the chest in 24 @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy for various types of lung or aortic surgery. All @entity1 received intrapleural injections of 20 ml of 0.5 per cent @entity1341 with or without @entity1425 as @entity158 therapy. @entity1 also received subsequent doses of a similar volume of 0.375 per cent @entity1341 with @entity1425 1:200,000 up to four times a day for a maximum duration of seven days. Good @entity158 relief was achieved in @entity1 who underwent lateral and posterior thoracotomies. No @entity158 relief was achieved in @entity1 who underwent anterior thoracotomy or in @entity1 in whom there was excessive @entity548 in the pleural space. @entity1341 blood concentrations were measured in 11 @entity1 following the initial dose of 20 ml of 0.5 per cent @entity1341 (with @entity1425 1:200,000 in five of the 11 @entity1 ). The mean peak plasma concentration of @entity1341 when used with @entity1425 was 0.32 +/- 0.02 microgram.ml-1. The mean peak plasma concentrations of @entity1341 when used without @entity1425 was 1.28 +/- 0.48 microgram.ml-1. Our present data show that @entity1337 is useful in the management of @entity282 in @entity1 who undergo thoracotomy. Our data also show that there is a significant decrease in peak plasma concentrations of @entity1341 when @entity1425 is added to the solution (P less than 0.05).

title: Intrapleural analgesia for post-thoracotomy XXXX and blood levels of @entity1341 following intrapleural injection.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['intrapleural analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine', 'Bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'initial pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in older @entity1 is associated with increased risk of adverse drug events and hospitalization. This study aimed to determine the contribution of primary prescribers to variation in @entity20571 use. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study using 2008 Medicare Part D event files and claims data for a 100% sample of Texas beneficiaries. @entity20571 use was defined as receiving any of 48 medications on the Beers 2003 list of PIMs. @entity1 characteristics associated with @entity20571 use were determined using a multivariable model. A multilevel model for the odds of @entity20571 use was constructed to evaluate the amount of variation in @entity20571 use at the level of primary care prescriber, controlling for @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: Of 677,580 @entity1 receiving prescriptions through Part D in 2008, 31.9% received a @entity20571 . Sex, ethnicity, @entity258 , and hospitalization in 2007 were associated with @entity20571 use. The strongest associations with higher @entity20571 use were increasing number of prescribers and increasing number of medications. The odds ratio for @entity20571 use was 1.50 (95%CI 1.47-1.53) for >= 4 prescribers versus only 1 prescriber. In the multilevel model, the adjusted average percent of @entity1 prescribed a @entity20571 ranged from 17.5% for the lowest decile to 28.9% for the highest decile of prescribers. CONCLUSIONS: @entity20571 use was prevalent in Part D beneficiaries and varied among individual primary care prescribers. The association of @entity20571 use with increasing numbers of prescribers suggests the need to reduce fragmentation of care to reduce inappropriate prescribing.

title: Association of potentially inappropriate medication use with XXXX and prescriber characteristics in Medicare Part D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income subsidy eligibility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injury ranked third among the top 10 leading causes of death in Taiwan from 1964 to 1996 and is still among the top 10 presently. Among transportation accidents, motor vehicle-related injury had the highest incidence rate, often resulting in @entity542 . METHODS: This survey was conducted from July 1, 1994, to June 30, 2002, and was collected from 55 major hospitals in Taiwan. A total of 90250 @entity1 with @entity131 were enrolled, and 27585 cases were identified to have TIH. In this study, SPSS 10.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) was used to process the data. Regarding the rating model itself, reliability and correlation tests were conducted to calculate the coefficiency, and factor analysis was carried out to verify its validity. RESULTS: The incidence rate of male-to-female ratio was 2.65. @entity130 (67.6%) were the leading causes of TIH. Among the @entity130 , motorcycle-related @entity130 had the highest incidence rate (69.6%). In the logistic regression analysis, older @entity1 had the highest risk of developing TIH. @entity1 without a motorcycle helmet had a higher risk (odds ratio, 1.40) of developing TIH than those with a helmet. As regards the types of injuries, @entity130 (odds ratio, 1.61) had the highest risk of developing TIH. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity130 , especially those caused by motorcycles, are the major cause of @entity932 , we have to pay due attention to falling, pedestrian, and bicycle injuries, as these are all major causes of @entity932 .

title: Survey of XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'Traffic injuries', 'traffic injuries', 'pedestrian injury']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['traumatic intracranial hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1346 punctal plugs are widely used to conserve moisture in @entity735 . We studied the efficacy and tolerability of punctal plugs in symptom reduction and improvement of @entity2194 parameters in @entity936 . METHODS: We reviewed the records of 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity936 who were symptomatic despite maximally tolerable lubricant therapy and had bilateral lower punctal plug insertion. After plug insertion, all @entity1 (41 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) had 6 months or more of follow-up. The subjects ranged in age from 22 to 57 years (mean, 30 years). We recorded subjective and objective improvement of @entity2194 , frequency of lubricant use, need for upper @entity432 , and occurrence of complications after plug insertion. We determined plug retention rates using Kaplan-Meier analyses and assessed associated factors using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Six months after initial plug placement, 43 of 50 @entity1 (86%) were symptom free, 28 of them (56%) with plugs alone, and 38 @entity1 (76%) had stopped using lubricants on a daily basis. Spontaneous loss of plugs was common, especially in the initial 3 months of follow-up. Considering all plugs, the estimated probability of plug retention was 63% after 6 months of follow-up. Puncta refitted after initial plug loss were twice as likely to lose the replacement plug (P =.02). Upper punctal plugs showed a 4.3-fold higher risk of loss compared with plugs inserted in lower puncta (P <.0001). CONCLUSIONS: There is both a reduced dependency on artificial lubricants and relief of symptoms of @entity936 after punctal plugs. However, spontaneous plug loss occurs in a substantial minority of @entity1 . @entity1 education and close follow-up, particularly in the first 3 months, is recommended to detect plug loss and ensure adequate control of the disease.

title: Efficacy and tolerability outcomes after @entity432 with XXXX plugs in @entity936 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular surface disease']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['tear-deficient eyes']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome', 'dry eye']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: 1. @entity973 ( @entity974 , 1 mM) increased @entity1063 (NA) output from the perfused cat spleen at 5 Hz by about fivefold. Enhancement of NA release by @entity974 was reversible. Output of NA induced by @entity972 was not affected. 2. NA output was doubled at low concentrations (0.1--0.3 mM) of @entity974 , but maximal effect was obtained at 1--3 mM. At 10 mM, it induced spontaneous release of NA which was insensitive to @entity460 . 3. Insignificant outputs obtained at 5 Hz in 0.1 and 0.3 mM @entity460 -Krebs solution were markedly enhanced by @entity974 . @entity974 enhanced release at all @entity460 concentrations up to 5 mM, but maximum output was obtained at 2.5 mM. 4. @entity974 at pH 8.5 was more effective in enhancing NA release than at pH 7.4. 5. @entity974 increased the recovery of intra-arterially infused NA from the control 26 to 47%. 6. @entity974 did not affect release of @entity2661 (CA) from the perfused cat adrenal gland by @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). 7. It is suggested that @entity974 inactivates @entity972 current in sympathetic nerves and prolongs the duration of the action potential, thereby allowing a greater influx of @entity460 ions into the neurone to enhance release of NA.

title: Effect of @entity973 on release of XXXX from the perfused cat spleen by nerve stimulation.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']