abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 @entity533 ( @entity533 ) is responsible for the antioxidant effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) by inhibiting low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Previous studies discovered @entity2299 ( @entity2299 ) and decreased @entity533 activity in @entity177 ( @entity177 ). We aimed to determine @entity533 and arylesterase activity, phenotypic distribution of the @entity533 enzyme, and lipid profile in low and normal HDL @entity165 (HDL-C) @entity1 with @entity177 , and renal transplant (TX), compared to primary @entity2299 . METHODS: 116 @entity177 (low or normal HDL-C), 52 TX (low or normal HDL-C), and 62 @entity2299 @entity1 (low or normal HDL-C) were included. @entity533 and arylesterase activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Phenotype was determined using the dual substrate method. RESULTS: Aryl/HDL-C was significantly higher in low HDL-C @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity177 had significantly lower arylesterase activity compared to @entity2299 , independent of HDL-C. @entity533 activity and @entity533 /HDL-C did not differ significantly in @entity177 compared to TX and @entity2299 . Phenotypic distribution was similar in @entity1 groups. Low HDL-C @entity177 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity165 and @entity412 than @entity2299 . CONCLUSION: Decreased arylesterase activity, correlating with @entity533 enzyme protein quantity, is not explicable by decreased HDL-C in @entity177 . Low HDL-C @entity177 @entity1 ' increased @entity65 is not attributable to changes in @entity533 activity, or phenotypic distribution.

title: Low high-density lipoprotein @entity165 is not responsible for decreased paraoxonase activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia', 'DL']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CRF', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adults with myelomeningocele ( @entity1139 ) measured by SF-36. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All individuals (134) with MMC from western Sweden born before 1981, 69 with a median age of 34 years (range 27-50), participated in a telephone interview. Of these, 61 took part in SF-36 (short form 36 health questionnaire survey). RESULTS: The group overall had significant impairment of physical functioning (PF)***, role physical (RP)***, general health GH*** as well as a lower physical component summary (PCS)*** compared to the reference group, while the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) was significantly higher***. The comparison between life situation and PCS was favorable for individuals 20-29 years of age or employed. In individuals exhibiting dysphoria during the interview, PCS was negatively affected, however @entity1032 was unaffected. @entity1032 was higher in non-ambulatory individuals* and in those not able to name a negative life experience* (* < 0.05, ** < 0.001, *** < 0.0001). HRQoL as evaluated by SF-36 was unaffected by @entity1241 , partnership and offspring. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that life situation and @entity322 were not truly reflected by SF-36. A personal interview with a qualitative approach is likely to be a better tool.

title: Health-related quality of life compared to life situation and XXXX in adults with myelomeningocele: is SF-36 a reliable tool?

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental component summary', 'MCS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: AIM: To report the prevalence and causes of unilateral @entity227 (UVI) in rural population of all ages in rural Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS: A population-based cross sectional study using a multi-stage cluster sampling methodology was carried out in West Godavari, Adilabad and Mahbubnagar districts in south India. A comprehensive eye examination that included presenting and best corrected visual acuity and dilated fundus examination was conducted by trained professionals. UVI is defined as presenting visual acuity <6/18 in one eye but >= 6/18 in other eye. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test association of UVI with socio-demographic risk factors. RESULTS: Data were analyzed for 6634/7771 @entity1 after excluding those with bilateral @entity227 . The mean age of the @entity1 was 27.4y (standard deviation: 17.9y), 51.9% were @entity1 and 49.1% were educated. The prevalence of UVI was 7.8% (95% CI: 7.2%-8.5%). Uncorrected @entity2516 (60.8%), @entity231 (17.4%) and @entity5995 causes (6.6%) were the leading causes of UVI. On multiple logistic regression analyses, older age, not having education, living in well-off district had significantly higher odds of being associated with UVI. UVI was not associated with gender. CONCLUSION: UVI is common in @entity3548 . Most of it is due to @entity231 and @entity2516 , both of which can be addressed at primary and secondary levels of eye care. Burden of UVI should also be considered in planning eye care services.

title: Unilateral XXXX in @entity3548 -Andhra Pradesh Eye Disease Study (APEDS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['rural south India']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors', 'refractive error']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual impairment']


abstract: The targeted disruption of the two nonallelic insulin genes in @entity19 was reported previously to result in @entity1592 , severe @entity6 immediately after suckling, and @entity204 within 48 h of birth. We have further used these animals to investigate the morphology and cell biology of the endocrine pancreas in late gestation and at birth when insulin is absent throughout development. Pancreatic beta-cells were identified by detecting the activity of the LacZ gene inserted at the @entity15979 locus. A significant increase in the mean area of the islets was found at embryonic d 18.5 (E18.5) and in the newborn in @entity15981 -/-, @entity15979 -/- animals compared with @entity15981 -/-, @entity15979 +/- and wild-type controls, whereas the blood @entity413 levels were unaltered. The individual size of the beta-cells in the @entity1720 fetuses was similar to controls, suggesting that the relative increase in islet size was due to an increase in cell number. Immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen within the pancreatic ductal epithelium showed no differences in labeling index between @entity1720 and control @entity19 , and no change in the number of beta-cells associated with ducts, but the relative size distribution of the islets was altered so that fewer islets under 5,000 microm(2) and more islets greater than 10,000 microm(2) were present in @entity15981 -/-, @entity15979 -/- animals. This suggests that the greater mean islet size seen in @entity1720 animals represented an enlargement of formed islets and was not associated with an increase in islet neogenesis. The proportional contribution of alpha- and beta-cells to the islets was not altered. This was supported by an increase in the number of cells containing immunoreactive proliferating cell nuclear antigen in both islet alpha- and beta-cells at E18.5 in @entity1720 @entity19 , and a significantly lower incidence of apoptotic cells, as determined by molecular histochemistry using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity9342 nick end labeling reaction. The density of blood vessels within sections of whole pancreas, or within islets, was determined by immunohistochemistry for the endothelial cell marker @entity5231 and was found to be increased 2-fold in @entity1720 @entity19 compared with controls at E18.5. However, no changes were found in the steady-state expression of mRNAs encoding vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor @entity11132 , @entity20172 , the @entity7424 in pancreata from @entity15981 -/-, @entity15979 -/- @entity19 compared with @entity15981 -/-, @entity15979 +/- controls. Thus, we conclude that the relative @entity1373 of the islets in late gestation in the @entity1720 @entity19 was due to an increased islet cell proliferation coupled with a reduced apoptosis, which may be related to an increased vascularization of the pancreas.

title: Increased islet cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and greater vascularization leading to beta-cell XXXX in mutant @entity19 lacking insulin.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I and insulin receptors, or insulin receptor substrates-1 or -2']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-deficient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is mounting evidence for associations between sedentary behaviours and adverse health outcomes, although the data on occupational sitting and mortality risk remain equivocal. The aim of this study was to determine the association between occupational sitting and cardiovascular, @entity5 and all-cause mortality in a pooled sample of seven British general population cohorts. METHODS: The sample comprised 5380 @entity1 and 5788 @entity1 in employment who were drawn from five Health Survey for England and two Scottish Health Survey cohorts. @entity1 were classified as reporting standing, walking or sitting in their work time and followed up over 12.9 years for mortality. Data were modelled using Cox proportional hazard regression adjusted for age, waist circumference, self-reported general health, frequency of @entity167 intake, cigarette smoking, non-occupational physical activity, prevalent @entity65 and @entity5 at baseline, @entity458 , social class, and education. RESULTS: In total there were 754 all-cause @entity204 . In @entity1 , a standing/walking occupation was associated with lower risk of all-cause (fully adjusted hazard ratio [HR]=0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.89) and @entity5 (HR=0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.85) mortality, compared to sitting occupations. There were no associations in @entity1 . In analyses with combined occupational type and leisure-time physical activity, the risk of all-cause mortality was lowest in @entity1 with non-sitting occupations and high leisure-time activity. CONCLUSIONS: Sitting occupations are linked to increased risk for all-cause and @entity5 mortality in @entity1 only, but no such associations exist for @entity65 in @entity1 or @entity1 .

title: Are sitting occupations associated with increased all-cause, XXXX , and @entity65 mortality risk? A pooled analysis of seven British population cohorts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: To explore factors affecting the survival rate in @entity1 with @entity1653 , the authors used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB), which includes @entity5 from approximately 1000 hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons @entity5 registry program. METHODS: Analysis included over 9000 cases diagnosed from 1985 to 1988 and 1990 to 1992. Survival estimates were computed and prognostic factors were identified using a proportional hazards model. The overall 5-year survival rate was 69% and it declined with @entity1 age. This rate was 81% in @entity1 aged 21 to 64 years and 56% for @entity1 65 years of age or older. When @entity1 were grouped by the histological type of their @entity5 , those with @entity5 had an overall 5-year survival rate of 70%, whereas the overall 5-year survival rates in @entity1 with atypical and @entity5 were 75% and 55%, respectively. Prognostic factors for @entity5 included age at diagnosis, @entity5 size, whether treated surgically, hospital type, and radiation therapy; for @entity5 , the prognostic factors included: age at diagnosis, whether treated surgically, and radiation therapy. These factors were statistically significant. The 5-year rate for recurrence of symptoms (regardless of the method of treatment) was 19.2% for those with @entity5 and 32.4% for those with @entity5 . In @entity1 whose @entity5 had been completely removed, the 5-year rate of @entity5 recurrence was 20.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Although not population-based, the NCDB has the potential for providing pertinent information regarding @entity1 characteristics and methods of treatment for benign, as well as malignant, @entity1313 .

title: Factors associated with survival in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningiomas', 'tumor', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: A 71-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital complaining of urinary retention. He noticed a small mass on his buttocks about one year ago. Computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large mass of 10 cm in diameter located in the retrovesical space. The mass extended to the surface of his buttocks and contained many calcified deposits, and was accompanied with a @entity174 . Transdermic biopsy revealed the presence of sacral @entity3580 . @entity3580 is a rare @entity5 , arising from remnants of the notochord and is locally progressive. Both @entity5 resection and diverting colostomy were performed at another hospital. In that operation his spinal cord was protected down to the second sacral level. Unfortunately after the operation, the @entity1 suffered total @entity322 . At 15 months after surgical treatment, the @entity1 presented with lung and bone metastases, and at 2 years after his initial operation, he had local recurrence.

title: [A case of sacral XXXX presenting as urinary retention].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['sacral bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordoma', 'Chordoma']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of aminoacidopathies and @entity347 constitutes a real challenge in a developing country with high consanguinity rate and no systematic newborn screening. We report a twelve-year experience with the identification of these disorders in Lebanon, based on their clinical and biochemical profiles. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed clinical presentation and biochemical investigations of 294 @entity1 . Traditional chromatographic methods were used for analyses. Findings were linked to the identified disorders. RESULTS: Out of 2921 @entity1 , presenting to our metabolic program with neurological, digestive, family history and/or other symptoms suggestive of aminoacidopathy or @entity347 , 294 @entity1 were included with confirmed @entity1472 or organic acid disorder. The overall analytical yield was 10%. Aminoacidopathies were three-fold higher than @entity347 . @entity814 and @entity2185 were the most frequent. The majority of @entity1 (79%) were symptomatic (median age: 14months, range: 1day-44years), mainly with neurological manifestations (87%). @entity717 was mostly due to @entity814 (73%). @entity1578 was frequent in @entity6602 (53%). Plasma @entity1472 and urine organic acid chromatography were diagnostic in 8.8% and 3.9% of analyzed cases, respectively. Change in chromatographic technique from reversed-phase to ion-exchange enhanced the detection of many aminoacidopathies. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of newborn screening, the majority of aminoacidopathy and @entity347 cases are still diagnosed clinically. This study emphasizes the importance of clinical awareness and accurate biochemical analyses as key tools for diagnosis in countries like ours, and the necessity for a comprehensive national newborn screening program.

title: Diagnostic challenges of aminoacidopathies and XXXX in a developing country: a twelve-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2185 :: ('MESH:C537358', 'Disease') :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['Phenylketonuria', 'phenylketonuria']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity6602 :: ('MESH:D008375', 'Disease') :: ['maple syrup urine disease']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic acidemias', 'organic acidemia']

answer: @entity347 :: (MESH:D019965,Disease) :: ['organic acidemias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between treatment response, baseline biomarker levels, and atacicept exposure in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) in the phase II/III APRIL- @entity1252 study. METHODS: We performed a post hoc analysis of @entity1 who received placebo, atacicept 75 mg, or atacicept 150 mg in a randomized, controlled, 52-week trial. Serum levels of @entity8410 and APRIL were measured at baseline, and serum levels of Ig and the numbers of naive B cells and plasma cells were measured at baseline and during treatment. Atacicept exposure was determined by assessment of the serum trough concentrations throughout the 52-week trial period. Associations between these parameters, treatment response (reduction in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group A or B flare), and @entity281 rates were explored. RESULTS: Recurrent high baseline levels of both @entity8410 (>= 1.6 ng/ml) and APRIL (>= 2.2 ng/ml) correlated with a greater treatment response (flare rate 75.7% with placebo, and 50.0% and 32.0% with atacicept 75 mg and atacicept 150 mg, respectively) compared with lower baseline levels of both. Increased atacicept exposure correlated with reduced flare rates (60.5% with placebo; 63.4%, 61.0%, 48.8%, and 29.3% in the 4 quartiles, from lowest to highest atacicept exposure). Greater pharmacodynamic responses (reduced Ig levels and naive B cell and plasma cell numbers) were associated with greater reductions in the flare rate. Infection rates were similar regardless of biomarker levels at baseline or at the time of atacicept exposure. CONCLUSION: These post hoc analyses demonstrate a dose-response relationship between atacicept concentrations, reduced Ig levels, and reduced flare rates and suggest that baseline biomarkers such as elevated serum levels of @entity8410 and APRIL may help to identify the @entity1 who are most likely to benefit from atacicept treatment.

title: Post Hoc Analysis of the Phase II/III APRIL- @entity1252 Study: Association Between Response to Atacicept and Serum Biomarkers Including XXXX and APRIL.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity8410 :: (10673,Gene) :: ['BLyS']


abstract: Hybrid receptors composed of an @entity2690 alphabeta-hemireceptor and a type 1 IGF alphabeta-hemireceptor are formed in tissues expressing both molecules. We recently reported an increased hybrid receptor expression in skeletal muscle of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 that is inversely correlated with in vivo @entity2690 sensitivity. It is unclear whether these changes were due to @entity854 or to secondary derangements acting in vivo, such as @entity4854 . To address this, we determined abundance of hybrids in skeletal muscle from three groups of @entity35 : controls, @entity6 (90% pancreatectomy), and @entity6 treated with @entity21146 to normalize plasma @entity413 levels. We found that the abundance of hybrid receptors was higher in @entity6 @entity35 compared with control and @entity21146 -treated @entity6 @entity35 (percentage of 125I- @entity2690 bound versus total added radioactivity [B/T] = 1.8+/-0.11, 0.4+/-0.01, and 0.32+/-0.04, respectively; P < 0.0001). Fasting plasma @entity413 levels were positively correlated with hybrids abundance (r = 0.77, P < 0.002). Hybrid receptor protein content, assessed by immunoblotting, was 2.4-fold higher in @entity6 @entity35 as compared with control and @entity21146 -treated @entity6 @entity35 . Because it has been shown that some of the regulatory effects of @entity413 may be mediated by the @entity4823 pathway, we subsequently determined the effect of an in vivo @entity4823 infusion on hybrid receptor formation. We found that abundance of hybrids was significantly higher in muscle from @entity4823 -treated @entity35 compared with control @entity35 (B/T = 0.17+/-0.02 and 0.11+/-0.01, respectively; P < 0.009). Quantitation of hybrid content by immunoblotting revealed that their abundance was 1.9-fold higher in @entity4823 -treated @entity35 . The results demonstrate that 1) elevated @entity413 levels in @entity6 @entity35 are associated with increased expression of hybrid receptors in muscle, 2) correction of @entity4854 with @entity21146 completely reverses increased expression of hybrids, and 3) @entity4823 infused into control @entity35 mimics the effects of @entity4854 on hybrid receptor formation. Thus, the results support the hypothesis that @entity413 acting, at least in part, through the @entity4823 pathway may play an important role in regulating hybrid receptor assembly in vivo.

title: Evidence for @entity413 /hexosamine in vivo regulation of XXXX /IGF-I hybrid receptor assembly.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['primary abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity21146 :: ('MESH:D010695', 'Chemical') :: ['phlorizin']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: @entity5 research has been productive in developing new knowledge on the role of diet in @entity5 . It is clear from epidemiologic observations that diet is the principal factor in the cause of @entity14 in most @entity1 . Therefore, a significant reduction in incidence is possible in countries where the disease is common. The ingestion of excessive amounts of fat appears to be the major factor that promotes @entity5 development. Animal studies confirm this and have recently shown that the sources of fat vary in the degree of their promotional effect. Fiber is generally considered to inhibit @entity5 but it is now clear that only some types of fiber are effective. These include whole grain cereals, and fruit and vegetables containing large amounts of @entity13275 . In addition to fiber, a number of micronutrients, chemicals, and drugs have been found to be effective inhibitors. It is clear that the basic information concerning dietary changes that can reduce @entity14 incidence in this country has been uncovered. Additional information is needed about specific details of dietary guidelines. These include identification of the best mixture of sources of fat and how to incorporate such a mixture in the diet. Substances in foods need to be identified that, when included in the diet, help to lower @entity5 risk. @entity1 at high risk may require an additional supplement of inhibitors. New epidemiologic studies and @entity1 intervention trials should provide the necessary information to design dietary guidelines that are more specific than current ones.

title: Prospects for the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ) is a cytokine that binds and activates an @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) expressed on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells to promote erythropoiesis. While early studies suggested @entity5859 transcripts were expressed exclusively in the erythroid compartment, low-level @entity5859 transcripts were detected in nonhematopoietic tissues and @entity5 cell lines using sensitive RT-PCR methods. However due to the widespread use of nonspecific anti- @entity5859 antibodies there are conflicting data on @entity5859 protein expression. In @entity5 cell lines and normal @entity1 tissues examined with a specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody to @entity1 @entity5859 (A82), little/no @entity5859 protein was detected and it was not functional. In contrast, @entity5859 protein was reportedly detectable in a @entity0 tissues with an anti- @entity5859 polyclonal antibody (M-20), and functional responses to rHuEpo were reported with MCF-7 cells. In another study, a functional response was reported with the @entity2 cell line (NCI-H838) at physiological levels of rHuEpo. However, the specificity of M-20 is in question and the absence of appropriate negative controls raise questions about possible false-positive effects. Here we show that with A82, no @entity5859 protein was detectable in normal @entity1 and matching @entity5 tissues from breast, lung, @entity694 with little/no @entity5859 in MCF-7 and most other @entity0 cell lines. We show further that M-20 provides false positive staining with tissues and it binds to a non- @entity5859 protein that migrates at the same size as @entity5859 with MCF-7 lysates. @entity5859 protein was detectable with @entity1 cells, but no rHuEpo-induced phosphorylation of AKT, @entity4104 , pS6RP or @entity11715 was observed suggesting the @entity5859 was not functional. Taken together these results raise questions about the hypothesis that most @entity5 express high levels of functional @entity5859 protein.

title: @entity1307 receptors are not detectable in primary XXXX @entity5 tissue samples.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and lung tumor', 'breast tumor cell line (MCF-7) and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['Erythropoietin', 'Epo']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon, ovary and skin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The efficacy of the transfemoral left-ventricular assist device Hemopump (HP; 21 Fr outer diameter) was examined in experiments with adult @entity742 in two different models of @entity1455 ( @entity591 shock; @entity63 shock), and during @entity2224 . During @entity591 (high frequency pacing-induced; n = 14), HP assist led to a significant increase in cardiac output (from 2.2 to 2.8 liters/min), mean aortic pressure (from 47.6 to 65.6 mmHg), and myocardial perfusion pressure (from 25.5 to 59.0 mmHg). Simultaneously, a normalization of body @entity26 -uptake (from 1.4 to 2.5 ml/min.kg), a decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption (from 6.1 to 4.8 ml/min.100 g), and a normalization of myocardial @entity880 metabolism were observed during HP assist. During regional @entity741 ( @entity432 of the proximal LAD (3.5 min; n = 12), HP assist led to significant decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure (from 21.1 to 12.1 mmHg), and increase in diastolic aortic pressure (from 58 to 67 mmHg) resulting in significant increase in coronary perfusion pressure. In the early reperfusion period, myocardial release of both @entity880 and @entity972 was significantly lowered with HP assist. During @entity2224 (induced by electrical stimulation; n = 9), HP flow rates decreased from 2.5 (after 10 min) to 2.1 liters/min (after 30 min). Mean aortic pressures simultaneously decreased from 64.0 to 54.6 mmHg. Perfusion conditions were sufficient for maintenance of aerobic myocardial metabolism, but were borderline for peripheral circulation. Our hemodynamic and metabolic data demonstrate beneficial effects of cardiac assist with the Hemopump 21 Fr in both @entity591 -induced severe @entity1455 and during acute regional @entity741 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left-ventricular unloading by transvalvular axial flow pumping in experimental @entity1455 and during regional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['PTCA balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The electrocardiogram in @entity1 with @entity4156 frequently displays @entity308 in @entity1188 leads. The significance of this finding is uncertain. The relationship between @entity308 , ST elevation and arteriographic severity of @entity453 was explored. 22 @entity1 with @entity4156 , receiving thrombolysis and undergoing acute (within seven hours of the onset of @entity662 ) coronary angiography were studied prospectively. The electrocardiographic ST segment elevation in the inferior leads and @entity308 in the lateral and in the anterior precordial leads were measured. In each group of leads, the maximum value of ST deviation in any lead as well as the sum of the values for ST deviation in the individual leads was determined. Gensini scores of total @entity453 and component scores for the major coronary arteries were determined from the coronary arteriogram. There was a strong correlation of maximum inferior ST elevation with both maximum lateral @entity308 (r = 0.96, p < 0.001) and with maximum anterior precordial @entity308 (r = 0.78, p < 0.001). The corresponding correlations for sum of ST deviations were r = 0.91, p < 0.001 and r = 0.79, p < 0.001 respectively. There was no relationship between Gensini scores of @entity453 and measures of electrocardiographic @entity308 or elevation. @entity308 in @entity1188 leads in @entity1 with @entity583 , does not provide information regarding the degree of @entity453 . The @entity308 in both lateral and anterior precordial leads correlates with and is a reflection of inferior ST elevation.

title: Lateral and anterior reciprocal electrocardiographic changes: relationship to ST segment elevation and underlying XXXX in @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST depression', 'ST segment depression', 'Electrocardiographic ST depression']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['non-infarct']

entities_list: @entity4156 :: ('MESH:D056989', 'Disease') :: ['acute inferior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in albumin levels between donors and recipients with twin @entity417 - @entity6582 sequence (TAPS). METHODS: We included all consecutive monochorionic twins with TAPS with double survivors. Each twin pair was matched for gestational age at birth with 2 control monochorionic twin pairs unaffected by TAPS or @entity14244 . We measured levels of albumin, total protein, and hemoglobin on the first day of life in donors and recipients (TAPS group) and the control group. RESULTS: A total of 25 TAPS twin pairs and 50 control twin pairs were included in the study. The median gestational age at birth was 32 weeks in both groups. In the TAPS group, median levels (IQR) of albumin in donor twins were significantly lower than in recipient twins, i.e. 28.0 g/l (24.0-32.0) versus 32.0 g/l (30.0-34.5) (p = 0.008). Median levels (IQR) of total protein in donor twins were also lower than in recipients, i.e. 44.0 g/l (36.5-49.0) versus 49.0 g/l (46.5-51.0), respectively (p = 0.004). The median (IQR) intertwin albumin difference was significantly higher in the TAPS group than in the control group, i.e. 4.0 g/l (2.5-10.5) versus 2.0 g/l (1.0-4.0) (p = 0.003). The rate of @entity4988 (<20 g/l) and @entity9427 (<40 g/l) in donor twins with TAPS was 20% (5/25) and 32% (8/25). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to lower hemoglobin levels, donor twins with TAPS also have significantly lower albumin and total protein levels compared to recipient twins.

title: @entity4988 in donors with twin @entity417 - XXXX sequence: a matched case-control study.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity14244 :: ('MESH:D005330', 'Disease') :: ['twin-twin transfusion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physician reporting is commonly used to ascertain adverse events or outcomes measured in epidemiologic studies. However, little is known on the accuracy of physician reported @entity5 compared to pertinent medical record review in large cohort studies. METHODS: The Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry gathers physician-completed questionnaires for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 , including request for information on incident @entity5 , approximately every three months. For incident @entity5 reported from October 1st, 2001, through December 31st, 2007, we retrospectively requested completion of a Targeted Adverse Event (TAE) form for additional information as well as primary source documents to adjudicate the @entity5 reports. CORRONA has employed a prospective request for source documentation for these events since 2008. We classified each @entity5 as definite, probable, possible, or not a @entity5 . RESULTS: From 20,837 @entity309 @entity1 enrolled in CORRONA, 461 incident @entity5 were initially reported on physician questionnaires. After review of returned source documents with adjudication, 234 were deemed definite, 69 probable, 101 possible, and 57 not an incident @entity5 . The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of initial physician report of a @entity5 based on adjudication was 0.66 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.70). The @entity2286 was 0.68 (95% CI 0.63 - 0.72) when the subsequent TAE form also confirmed the presence of @entity5 . When possible @entity5 were included, the @entity2286 of physician-reported @entity5 without a subsequent TAE form increased to 0.86 (0.83 - 0.89), and with a subsequent TAE form, 0.89 (0.85-0.91). CONCLUSION: Twelve percent of initial physician reports of incident @entity5 could not be confirmed with review of source documents. The most common reason for lack of confirmation was inability to obtain documents or insufficient data in source materials. These results suggest that timely collection of relevant medical records and an adjudication process are required to improve the accuracy of @entity5 reporting in epidemiologic studies.

title: Malignancy validation in a United States registry of @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy versus "definite or probable" malignancy', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The daily recordings of treatment by @entity1 with @entity447 with inhibitors and their caregivers were assessed as part of the Dosing Observational Study in @entity447 (DOSE) to understand the patterns of bypassing agent use and health-related quality of life. METHODS: Frequently @entity548 @entity1 prescribed recombinant activated factor VII as first-line therapy were eligible. @entity1 recorded daily paper diaries for at least 90 days and until at least four @entity548 episodes had occurred. Web-based entry was optional. Assessment included @entity548 status, work or school day status, @entity548 episode, treatment, impact on planned activities, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Diaries were completed by 18 adults and 19 caregivers (21 @entity1 ). A total of 4063 diary days and 194 @entity548 episodes over 491 bleed days were recorded. A small proportion of diary days were bleed days (8.2%) or treatment days (8.2%). Half the bleed days were not planned work or school days for @entity1 (53%) or caregivers (48%). An exact agreement was observed between electronic and paper records for 93% of the reviewed health-related quality of life measurements. CONCLUSION: Daily diary completion by @entity1 and caregivers is feasible and provides insight into the impact of @entity447 with inhibitors on daily activities and overall quality of life. Positive participation and completion rates were supported by frequent @entity1 contact made by independent @entity1 support liaison personnel.

title: Capturing daily assessments and home treatment of @entity447 with inhibitors: design, disposition, and implications of the Dosing Observational Study in XXXX (DOSE).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilia', 'congenital hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['Hemophilia']


abstract: 1. The anionic @entity291 liver arginase, like the cationic @entity35 liver enzyme, is inactivated by @entity1098 -treatment. The activity is fully restored by @entity3281 . A smaller effect is observed with @entity3280 , @entity3411 and @entity515 . 2. The @entity1098 -inactivated @entity291 liver arginase, unlike the @entity35 liver enzyme, does not dissociate into subunits, and its mol.wt. (120 000) is unchanged. 3. The reactivation of @entity35 liver arginase subunits (mol.wt. 30 000) by @entity3411 is accompanied, similarly as in the case of @entity3281 , by reassociation to the form of mol.wt. 120 000, i.e. the same as for the native enzyme. 4. It is suggested that @entity3281 in arginase is bound at the active site and at the site responsible for maintenance of the oligomeric structure. In @entity291 liver enzyme this binding site is inaccessible to the chelating agent.

title: Reactivation of the @entity1098 -treated arginase from @entity35 and XXXX liver.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Response to @entity2445 varies among @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) could be a high responder subtype of @entity195 . The aim of the study was to compare the effects of @entity2445 in @entity1832 and @entity195 . METHODS: Seventy-five consecutive outpatients with mild or moderate @entity195 were screened. @entity2445 was given at a dose of 40 mg/day during 6 weeks. During the next 6 weeks, the @entity1 were treated with 80 mg/day and afterwards with 120 mg/day. @entity1 were assessed at baseline and treated with a dose of 120 mg/day @entity2445 for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Analysis was performed on 39 @entity1 ( @entity195 , N = 20; @entity1832 , N = 19). Eight @entity1 were lost to follow-up, eight @entity1 manifested with side-effects, six suffered from an intercurrent somatic disease during the study and 14 @entity1 had poor compliance or were treated with incompatible drugs. Twenty-two @entity1 (11 @entity195 /11 @entity1832 ) increased their cognitive performances with @entity2445 . Among the 22 @entity1 , the improvement differed between the @entity195 and the @entity1832 groups. In @entity195 , conceptualization improved; in @entity1832 , the improvements occurred in verbal initiation and digit span. CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the importance of using appropriate tests to determine the positive effects of pharmacological treatments.

title: @entity2445 efficacy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy body dementia', 'LBD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1832 :: (MESH:D020961,Disease) :: ['Lewy body dementia']


abstract: For @entity977 surgery, rhinoseptal transsphenoidal approach is used in 98 to 99% of the cases. Although this approach is fitting for microadenomas and the majority of macroadenomas, some of them develop extensions in the nasal fossas, the posterior cranial fossa, the suprasellar region, or into the cavernous sinus and will require other approaches. For the superior routes, the frontopterional approach gives good control of the suprasellar region, the anterior and middle base of the skull. The @entity5 dissection is performed inside the concavity of the chiasm and between the internal carotid artery and the optic nerve (optico-carotid approach). The frontopterional approach is used for superolateral extensions, especially in the lateral fissure. The bifrontal basal inter hemispheric approach, through a medial frontal bone flap tangential to the base, gives a good route to the suprasellar region and behind the dorsum, and also for @entity5 extended in the third ventricle in case of prefixed chiasm. For the inferior routes, the participation of ENT or craniofacial surgeons is a great help. The transfacial or transethmoidal approach performs a hollowing of the nasal fossas and gives a large interorbital tunnel adapted for @entity5 extended in the rhinopharynx and the ethmoid. The Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy offers also a large approach for @entity652 extending in the rhinopharynx. The transcavernous approach from Dolenc, for @entity652 progressing in the cavernous sinus requires a long and difficult procedure. The progression of some @entity652 in many directions may require a combined approach in one or two procedures.

title: [Unusual approaches to hypophyseal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: @entity2011 contributes to @entity1494 , which confounds both lower and upper urinary tract management in individuals having a @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). Bladder overdistention post- @entity1566 is one of the most common triggers for @entity12805 , a potentially life-threatening condition. Post- @entity1566 @entity2011 is thought to result from @entity1504 in the lower extremities, leading to @entity4 and subsequent excess fluid, resulting in @entity2011 . Mild SCIs that have near complete recovery would therefore be expected to have little to no @entity2011 , while severe injuries resulting in flaccid limbs and lower extremity @entity4 would be expected to exhibit severe @entity2011 . Since interventions that may decrease lower extremity @entity4 are recommended to lessen the severity of @entity2011 , step training (which promotes vascular circulation) was evaluated as a therapy to reduce post- @entity1566 @entity2011 . In the present study, @entity2011 was evaluated in mild, moderate, and severe contusive @entity1566 in adult male @entity35 . The animals were housed in metabolic cages for 24-hour periods pre- and post- @entity1566 (to 6 weeks). Urine, feces, food, water, and body weights were collected. Other assessments included residual expressed urine volumes, locomotor scoring, in-cage activity, and lesion histology. @entity1566 produced an immediate increase in 24-hour urine collection, as early as 3 days post- @entity1566 . Approximately 2.6-fold increases in urine collection occurred from weeks 1-6 post- @entity1566 for all injury severities. Even with substantial gains in locomotor and @entity1494 following a mild @entity1566 , @entity2011 remained severe. Step training (30   min/day, 6 days/week) did not alleviate @entity2011 in the moderate @entity1566 contusion group. These results indicate that (1) mild injuries retaining weight-bearing locomotion that should have mild, if any, @entity4 / @entity1504 still exhibit severe @entity2011 , and (2) step training was unable to reduce post- @entity1566 @entity2011 . Taken together, these results indicate that the current mechanistic hypothesis of post- @entity1566 @entity2011 may be incomplete.

title: Persistent XXXX in a @entity35 spinal contusion model.

entities_list: @entity2011 :: ('MESH:D011141', 'Disease') :: ['Polyuria', 'polyuria']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder function', 'bladder overdistention']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vascular tone']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

answer: @entity2011 :: (MESH:D011141,Disease) :: ['polyuria']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and comparability of published literature, and to summarize the effect of @entity22667 ( @entity8305 (2a)) for the treatment of @entity7288 . It has been postulated that there is a dearth of high-level evidence-based research results in veterinary medicine. Also, there is a marked variation in the quality of studies in veterinary and animal science. Post-partum uterine infections occur commonly in dairy @entity291 and are reported to have a negative impact on reproductive performance. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing online databases revealing a total of 2723 references. After applying specific exclusion criteria, a total of 68 trials were eligible for further analysis. These articles were evaluated utilizing specific parameters listed in an evaluation form such as randomization and the involvement of control groups. The analysis revealed that more than half of the trials (51  5%) were at least 20 years old. Furthermore, we found that about one third (36  8%) of all trials were controlled and randomized, while 3 of those (4  4%) were also blinded. Of those trials which calculated a calving-to-conception interval (n=30), 50% of the authors claimed an improvement, which was statistically significant in 23  3% of the cases. We conclude that there is a wide discrepancy between research results investigating the efficacy of @entity8305 (2a).

title: Evidence-based medicine: quality and comparability of clinical trials investigating the efficacy of @entity22667 for the treatment of @entity291 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2a)']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

answer: @entity7288 :: (MESH:D004716,Disease) :: ['endometritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many adults with repaired @entity215 have had prior Blalock-Taussig shunts. These shunts may theoretically hinder growth and development of the ipsilateral arm. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled consecutive @entity1 with @entity215 in a cross-sectional study to measure arm length and assess handgrip strength. Bilateral handgrip strength was quantified by a dynamometer in a standing position after instructing @entity1 to clench each hand tightly in succession. The maximum force achieved, in kilograms, was measured. RESULTS: A total of 80 consecutive adults with @entity215 , aged 36.0    12.5 years, 49% female, were prospectively enrolled. Thirty-eight (47.5%) @entity1 had prior Blalock-Taussig shunts at a median age of 1.0 year. Twenty-one (55.3%) were left-sided and 23 (60.5%) were classic shunts. All but six @entity1 with right-sided shunts and one without a prior shunt were right-handed. The shunts were present for a median of 4.0 years prior to takedown during corrective surgery. The arm ipsilateral to the shunt was significantly shorter than the contralateral arm (71.5    6.1 versus 73.6    5.6 cm, P<0.0001). Handgrip strength was significantly weaker on the ipsilateral versus contralateral side (median [IQR], 26.5 [14.0-41.5] versus 31.0 [18.0-46.0] kg, P<0.0001) and the ipsilateral-to-contralateral handgrip ratio was lower with classic versus modified shunts (median [IQR], 1.05 [1.02-1.14] versus 1.19 [1.07-1.33] kg, P=0.0541). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity215 , Blalock-Taussig shunts may impair normal development of the ipsilateral arm with repercussions in adulthood that include @entity4218 and reduced handgrip strength. These changes are most pronounced in @entity1 with classic end-to-side anastomoses.

title: Impaired arm development after Blalock-Taussig shunts in adults with repaired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['shorter limb length']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Wnt/ @entity9459 signaling pathway was implicated in @entity1316 . @entity3546 is a protein targeted by this signaling axis. We aimed to examine whether there is an abnormality in this signaling axis in @entity308 . METHODS: Postmortem brains from 20 depressed and 20 non-depressed subjects were used. In both groups, suicide and non-suicide were included in equal number. Protein levels of @entity3546 , tGSK3b and ser(9)-pGSK3b were determined in prefrontal cortex. RESULTS: ANOVA yielded significant variations between groups in @entity3546 (F(3,36)=19.5; p<0.001) and pGSK3b protein (F(3,36)=14.3; p<0.001) and in tGSK3b-to-pGSK3b ratio (F(3,36)=10.9; p<0.001). Fisher tests showed decrease in both groups of @entity4696 and @entity4696 with suicide ( @entity4696 +S) for @entity3546 (p<0.001) and pGSK3b levels (p<0.001) respectively. The tGSK3b-to-pGSK3b ratio was increased in @entity4696 and @entity4696 +S subjects (p<0.001). A negative correlation was observed between @entity3546 levels and the activation state of the @entity9459 (r2=0.358; p<0.005). LIMITATIONS: The sample was small and only a fraction of s(9)-pGSK3b, albeit significant, was used and; the mood state at the time of @entity204 was unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The study observed a dysregulation of Wnt/ @entity9459 signaling associated with a lifetime of @entity308 . The study may have relevance in further development of drugs based on @entity9459 inhibition.

title: Protein levels of @entity3546 and activation state of @entity9459 in XXXX . A study with postmortem prefrontal cortex.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['major depression']

entities_list: @entity3546 :: ('1499', 'Gene') :: ['b-catenin', 'Beta-catenin']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: Frzb-1 is a secreted protein, presenting similarity with the Wnt-binding domain of the frizzled family of receptors, which acts as an antagonist of Wnt signaling. Using mRNA differential display in the @entity35 aorta @entity130 model, we identified overexpression of Frzb-1 mRNA and determined its cDNA sequence. By quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and RNase protection assay, a biphasic upregulation of rFrzb-1 expression was observed, with significant peaks of a 1.7-fold increase at 4 days and a 1. 5-fold increase at 3 weeks after @entity130 in vivo. In contrast, expression of the @entity35 frizzled receptor genes @entity50888 and @entity50889 were transiently downregulated at 1 and 4 hours after @entity130 . rFrzb-1 was expressed predominantly in @entity35 aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs) and barely in aortic fibroblasts and endothelial cells (RAECs), whereas @entity50888 and @entity50889 were expressed in all of these cells when stimulated with serum. Transient downregulation of @entity50888 and @entity50889 expression was reproduced by stimulation of quiescent RASMCs with serum, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, or @entity664 . In contrast, rFrzb-1 expression diminished slowly, to reach a 2-fold decrease 24 hours after growth factor stimulation, implying that quiescent RASMCs expressed higher levels of rFrzb-1 mRNA than did proliferative ones. Overexpression of rFrzb-1 in the aorta seemed to coincide with the arrest of RASMC proliferation occurring in the media 4 days and in the neointima 3 weeks after @entity130 . Our results demonstrate that rfrzb-1, @entity50888 , and @entity50889 are differentially regulated in response to @entity1317 and that this modulation seems to follow the proliferative state of RASMCs, suggesting that these Wnt-signaling components may be involved in intimal @entity455 .

title: Differential expression of @entity35 frizzled-related frzb-1 and frizzled receptor fz1 and XXXX genes in the @entity35 aorta after @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor-2']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury', 'balloon injury']

answer: @entity50889 :: (64512(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['fz2']


abstract: Vaccination of @entity1 with @entity327 type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (HibCP) coupled to carrier proteins has proven protective against invasive @entity6932 in several trials. However, insufficient immunogenicity has been noted in certain populations. Therefore, studies analyzing factors influencing the antibody response to conjugate vaccines are needed. In this study, the response to HibCP coupled to @entity116 ( @entity116 ) was examined in relation to (i) priming with or coadministration of the carrier protein and (ii) the levels of passively acquired maternal @entity116 antibodies. One hundred forty-four @entity1 were vaccinated with HibCP- @entity116 at 5 and 6 months. They were randomized into three groups that received @entity116 as part of a diphtheria- @entity116 -polio vaccine at either 6 and 7 months (group A), 5 and 6 months (group B), or 4 and 5 months (group C). Maternally acquired @entity116 antibodies inhibited the anti-HibCP response to the first HibCP- @entity116 dose in groups A and B (r = -0.5 and -0.4, respectively; P < 0.005). In these groups, @entity1 with prevaccination anti- @entity116 levels above the median failed to reach the defined long-term protective level of HibCP antibodies (1 microgram/ml) more often than @entity1 with low prevaccination levels after the first (P = 0.0001) and the second (P = 0.01) doses of HibCP- @entity116 . In contrast, active priming with @entity116 at 4 months resulted in a threefold-higher median level of anti-HibCP (group C; 1.34 micrograms/ml) than in the unprimed group (group A; 0.40 microgram/ml) after the first dose of HibCP- @entity116 (P = 0.01). Coadministration of @entity116 had no enhancing effect (group B; 0.58 microgram/ml). No significant differences between the median anti-HibCP levels were seen after the second HibCP- @entity116 dose (6.72, 9.63, and 11.44 micrograms/ml in groups A, B, and C, respectively; P = 0.25).

title: Opposite effects of actively and passively acquired immunity to the carrier on responses of XXXX @entity1 to a @entity327 type b conjugate vaccine.

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetanus', 'tetanus toxoid', 'TT']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hib diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We prospectively evaluated the relation of upper airway, lower airway, and gastric colonization patterns with the development of @entity55 and its etiology in 48 @entity1 with surgical (n = 25) and medical (n = 23) @entity542 . Initial colonization was assessed by cultures of nasal and pharyngeal swabs, tracheobronchial aspirates, gastric juice, and bronchoscopically retrieved protected specimen brush. Follow-up colonization was determined until the end points extubation, suspected @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ), or @entity204 . The initial colonization rate at any site at ICU admission was 39/47 (83%). It mainly accounted for Group I pathogens ( @entity328 , @entity794 , @entity6932 ) of the upper and lower airways. At follow-up, colonization rates with Group II pathogens (Gram-negative enteric bacilli and Pseudomonas spp.) increased significantly. The high initial bacterial load with Group I pathogens of the upper airways and @entity825 decreased during Days 2 to 4, whereas that of Group II pathogens increased. Upper airway colonization was an independent predictor of follow-up tracheobronchial colonization (odds ratio [OR], 9.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 56.3 for initial colonization with Group I pathogens; OR, 23.9; 95% CI, 3.8 to 153.3 for follow-up colonization with Group II pathogens). Previous (short-term) antibiotics had a protective effect against colonization with Group I pathogens of the lower respiratory tract (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.86), but they were a risk factor for colonization with Group II pathogens (OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 29). Initial tracheobronchial colonization with Group I pathogens was associated with a higher probability of early onset @entity55 (OR, 4. 1; 95% CI, 0.7 to 23.3), whereas prolonged antibiotic treatment (> 24 h) independently predicted late-onset @entity55 (OR, 9.2; 95% CI, 1.7 to 51.3). We conclude that @entity1 with @entity542 are colonized in the airways mainly by Group I pathogens early in the evolution of illness. The upper airways represent the main reservoir for subsequent lower airway colonization with Group I pathogens. Previous (short-term) antibiotic treatment is protective against initial tracheobronchial colonization with Group I pathogens, but it represents a risk factor for subsequent lower airway colonization by Group II pathogens.

title: Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated @entity1 with traumatic and medical XXXX . Incidence, risk factors, and association with @entity2489 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: Finally, what are we about in modern chaplaincy? We have successfully shed our old image as a profession that is more tolerated than valued as a part of the team. We have become as skilled in interacting sensitively with @entity1 and family members as any member of the health care team. We have become integrated professionals in the modern hospital. While maintaining these skills and that place, we need to reappropriate some of the unique features of who we are as @entity1 of faith and reintegrate them into our practice. The time when embracing science meant devaluing religious faith has come to an end. We can and must use the strengths of both science and religion to help @entity5 @entity1 and their families strive for health. As we continue to grow in using the tools of science to bring @entity1 to faith and hope, we need to appropriate some other tools of psychology to help us. As I discussed, the role of assessment needs a great deal more exploration. Research on spiritual issues in coping with @entity5 is still in its infancy and desperately needs the participation of chaplains. We need the data from this research to help us maximize our @entity1 's ability to use religious faith in their coping. As chaplains, we will always be on a bridge between science and religion. We will always have to be careful to stay balanced and not to wander too far toward one end of this bridge or the other. To keep our ministry in perspective, we must always remember that science is a method and a set of skills that we use while religious faith is at the center of who we are.

title: Where do chaplains fit in the world of XXXX care?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Some @entity1 of @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) with @entity401 ( @entity401 ) have common clinical features. Clinical features of these @entity1 are acute onset, very poor prognosis and that @entity1 have @entity221 , @entity625 , typical @entity1910 , mild @entity5442 and show low ratio of @entity9153 /LDH, low incidence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) appearance, low inflammatory signs. We experienced two cases of this category of @entity6017 with @entity401 and examined immunological aspects. Case 1. A 52-year-old @entity1 was admitted in June 1, 1990 with a one-month history of @entity4841 and a ten-days history of @entity221 , @entity1910 , @entity925 and @entity1353 on exertion. On examination she had Gottron's papules on her fingers, @entity615 , proximal @entity425 and @entity625 . Fine crackles were audible in the lower lung fields. Laboratory data included @entity9153 200 IU/l, @entity8019 3.2 IU/l, LDH 805 IU/l. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed increased cellularity with lymphocytosis. She was treated with oral corticosteroid (CS), pulse CS, cyclosporin A. Inspite of these therapies, she died of progressive @entity1576 in July 10, 1990. Case 2. A 23-year-old @entity1 was admitted in April 1, 1991, with a two-month history of @entity4841 and a one-month history of @entity221 , @entity1910 , @entity3136 , @entity1665 . On examination she had Gottron's papules on her fingers, erythema on @entity13197 , @entity625 and @entity3136 . Laboratory data included @entity9153 97 IU/l, @entity8019 8.5 IU/l, LDH 779 IU/l. She began experiencing dry cough and @entity1353 on exertion in May 1991. Analysis of BALF revealed increased cellularity with lymphocytosis. She was treated with oral corticosteroid(CS), pulse CS, pulse @entity786 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Two cases of acute progressive XXXX associated with @entity6017 --clinical features and immunological disorders].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity13197 :: ('MESH:D010264', 'Disease') :: ['malar, bilateral elbows and legs']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['erythema on back, bilateral elbows and legs']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia', 'IP']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To date, most trials in pediatric @entity697 have evaluated short-term clinical disease activity (eg, duration of @entity294 or @entity391 , level of dehydration), laboratory outcomes (eg, rotavirus, norovirus), or a composite of these outcomes. Measuring health-related quality of life may also be important in evaluating the effect of interventions for @entity697 in @entity1 . The objectives of this study were to conduct individual interviews and, when possible, focus group discussions, with parents of @entity1 with @entity697 ; to determine how parent and @entity1 quality of life is negatively affected by @entity697 ; and, from the perspective of parents and @entity1 , to develop a conceptual framework for quality of life instrument specific to pediatric @entity697 . METHODS: We conducted interviews and focus groups with parents of @entity1 (3 months-5 years of age) given a diagnosis of @entity1902 in a hospital emergency department. Interviews and focus groups were conducted to determine the effect of @entity1902 on quality of life in parents and @entity1 (as perceived by the parents). RESULTS: Interviews and focus groups involving 25 parents suggested a conceptual framework that, for @entity1 , includes 2 domains (physical and emotional function) and 14 subdomains. For parents, our framework includes 3 domains (physical, emotional, and social function) with physical function including 4 subdomains, emotional function including 7 subdomains, and social function including 2 subdomains. The framework has been used to develop a preliminary quality of life questionnaire for parents and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity697 has an important adverse effect on health-related quality in both @entity1 and parents involving physical symptoms and restrictions in physical function and disturbed emotional function. Upon further research on the psychometric properties of the proposed questionnaires, future trials of effectiveness should consider measuring @entity1 important outcomes such as health-related quality of life.

title: Conceptual framework for health-related quality of life assessment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis', 'Acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute gastroenteritis']


abstract: Detoxification of @entity273 is a fundamental aspect of the cellular antioxidant responses in which catalases play a major role. Two differentially regulated catalase genes, catA and catB, have been studied in @entity14940 . Here we have characterized a third catalase gene, designated catC, which predicts a 475- @entity535 polypeptide containing a peroxisome-targeting signal. With a molecular mass of 54 kDa, CatC shows high similarity to other small-subunit monofunctional catalases and is most closely related to catalases from other fungi, Archaea, and animals. In contrast, the CatA (approximately 84 kDa) and CatB (approximately 79 kDa) enzymes belong to a family of large-subunit catalases, constituting a unique fungal and bacterial group. The catC gene displayed a relatively constant pattern of expression, not being induced by oxidative or other types of stress. Targeted disruption of catC eliminated a constitutive catalase activity not detected previously in zymogram gels. However, a catalase activity detected in catA catB mutant strains during late stationary phase was still present in catC and catABC null mutants, thus demonstrating the presence of a fourth catalase, here named catalase D (CatD). Neither catC nor catABC triple mutants showed any @entity245 , and both mutants grew as well as wild-type strains in @entity274 -generating substrates, such as @entity1718 , and/or @entity3042 as the sole @entity505 and @entity1568 sources, respectively. CatD activity was induced during late stationary phase by @entity413 starvation, high temperature, and, to a lesser extent, @entity274 treatment. The existence of at least four differentially regulated catalases indicates a large and regulated capability for @entity274 detoxification in filamentous fungi.

title: Multiple catalase genes are differentially regulated in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defect']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: An important event during apoptosis is regulated cell condensation known as @entity393 ( @entity393 ). Ion channels have emerged as essential regulators of this process mediating the release of K(+) and Cl(-), which together with osmotically obliged water, results in the condensation of cell volume. Using a Grade IV @entity1 @entity463 cell line, we examined the contribution of @entity460 -activated K(+) channels (K(Ca) channels) to @entity393 after the addition of either @entity866 (Stsp) or @entity2205 ( @entity2205 ) to activate the intrinsic or extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, respectively. We show that @entity393 can be inhibited in both pathways by high extracellular K(+) or the removal of @entity460 . However, @entity11008 was only able to inhibit Stsp-initiated @entity393 , whereas @entity2205 -induced @entity393 was unaffected. Specific K(Ca) channel inhibitors revealed that Stsp-induced @entity393 was dependent on K(+) efflux through intermediate-conductance @entity460 -activated @entity972 (IK) channels, while @entity2205 -induced @entity393 was mediated by large-conductance @entity460 -activated @entity972 (BK) channels. @entity593 imaging demonstrated that Stsp induced a rapid and modest rise in @entity460 that was sustained over the course of @entity393 , while @entity2205 produced no detectable rise in global intracellular @entity460 . Inhibition of IK channels with @entity1449 or @entity45495 ( @entity45495 ) blocked downstream @entity522 activation after Stsp addition, while @entity39271 , a specific BK channel inhibitor, had no effect. Treatment with @entity1360 also induced an IK-dependent cell volume decrease. Together these results show that @entity460 is both necessary and sufficient to achieve volume decrease and that the two major pathways of apoptosis use unique @entity460 signaling to efflux K(+) through different K(Ca) channels.

title: Differential role of IK and BK XXXX channels as mediators of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cell death.

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity2205 :: ('8743', 'Gene') :: ['TNF-a-related apoptosis-inducing ligand', 'TRAIL']

entities_list: @entity45495 :: ('MESH:C411671', 'Chemical') :: ['1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole', 'TRAM-34']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity39271 :: ('MESH:C048220', 'Chemical') :: ['paxilline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['AVD', 'apoptotic volume decrease']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) aims to achieve intestinal autonomy to prevent fluid, electrolyte, and nutrient deficiencies and maintain adequate development. Remnant intestinal adaptation is required to obtain autonomy. In the newborn @entity1707 , colostrum has been shown to support intestinal development and hence adaptive processes. AIM: The efficacy of @entity291 colostrum to improve intestinal function in @entity1 with @entity5277 was evaluated by metabolic balance studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 with @entity5277 were included in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Twenty percent of enteral fluid intake was replaced with @entity291 colostrum or a mixed milk diet for 4 weeks, separated by a 4-week washout period. Intestinal absorption of energy and wet weight was used to assess intestinal function and the efficacy of colostrum. RESULTS: Colostrum did not improve energy or wet weight absorption compared with the mixed milk diet (P = 1.00 and P = .93, respectively). Growth as measured by weight and knemometry did not differ between diets (P = .93 and P = .28). In these @entity1 , <150% enteral energy absorption of basal metabolic rate and 50% enteral fluid absorption of basal fluid requirement suggested intestinal failure and a need for @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). CONCLUSION: Inclusion of @entity291 colostrum to the diet did not improve intestinal function. Metabolic nutrient and wet weight balance studies successfully assessed intestinal function, and this method may distinguish between intestinal insufficiency (non- @entity3147 -dependent) and intestinal failure ( @entity3147 -dependent) @entity1 .

title: @entity291 colostrum to XXXX with @entity5277 : a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 are rare soft tissue @entity242 that typically develop from mesenchymal cells with acquired gain-in-function mutations in @entity2467 or @entity675 oncogenes. These somatic mutations have been well-characterized, but little is known about inherited genetic risk factors. Given evidence that certain susceptibility loci and carcinogens are associated with characteristic mutations in other @entity5 , we hypothesized that these signature @entity2467 or @entity675 mutations may be similarly fundamental to understanding @entity674 etiology. Therefore, we examined associations between 522 single nucleotide polymorphisms and seven @entity2467 or @entity675 @entity5 mutations types. Candidate pathways included @entity8710 response, toxin metabolism, matrix metalloproteinase production, and immune and inflammatory response. METHODS: We estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between each candidate SNP and @entity5 mutation type in 279 individuals from a clinical trial of adjuvant @entity2213 . We used sequence kernel association tests to look for pathway-level associations. RESULTS: One variant, @entity49085 on @entity19002 , was significantly associated with @entity2467 exon 11 non-codon 557-8 deletions (odds ratio = 2.86, 95% confidence interval: 1.71-4.78) after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Other noteworthy associations included @entity49086 ( @entity688 ) and @entity49087 ( @entity21939 ) with @entity675 mutations, @entity49088 ( @entity49089 ) with wild @entity5 and several matrix metalloproteinase SNPs with @entity2467 exon 11 codon 557-558 deletions. Several pathways were strongly associated with somatic mutations in @entity675 , including defense response (p = 0.005) and negative regulation of immune response (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory analysis offers novel insights into @entity674 etiology and provides a starting point for future studies of genetic and environmental risk factors for the disease.

title: XXXX : a case-only analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and somatic mutations.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['type tumors', 'tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: In the field of radiation protection the combined exposure to radiation and other toxic agents is recognised as an important research area. To elucidate the basic mechanisms of simultaneous exposure, the interaction of the carcinogens and environmental toxicants @entity3409 and two @entity3494 compounds, @entity4250 and @entity4447 , in combination with gamma-radiation in @entity1 lymphoblastoid cells (TK6) were investigated. Gamma-radiation induced significant genotoxic effects such as micronuclei formation, DNA damage and apoptosis, whereas @entity3494 and @entity3409 had no significant effect on these indicators of cellular damage at non-toxic concentrations. However, in combination with gamma-radiation @entity4447 induced a more than additive apoptotic rate compared to the sum of the single effects. Here, the level of apoptotic cells was increased, in a dose-dependent way, up to two-fold compared to the irradiated control cells. @entity4250 did not induce a significant additive effect at any of the concentrations or radiation doses tested. On the other hand, @entity4447 was less effective than @entity4250 in the induction of DNA protein cross-links. These data indicate that the two @entity3494 compounds interact through different pathways in the cell. @entity24733 , like @entity4250 , had no significant effect on apoptosis in combination with gamma-radiation at low concentrations and, at high concentrations, even reduced the radiation-induced apoptosis. An additive effect on micronuclei induction was observed with 1muM @entity24733 with an increase of up to 80% compared to the irradiated control cells. Toxic concentrations of @entity3409 and @entity4447 seemed to reduce micronuclei induction. The results presented here indicate that relatively low concentrations of @entity3494 and @entity3409 , close to those occuring in nature, may interfere with radiation effects. Differences in action of the two @entity3494 compounds were identified.

title: Comparative investigations of sodium arsenite, @entity4447 and XXXX in combination with gamma-radiation on apoptosis, micronuclei induction and DNA damage in a @entity1 lymphoblastoid cell line.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenite', 'arsenite']

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity24733 :: ('CHEBI:50292', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium sulphate', 'Cadmium sulphate']

answer: @entity24733 :: (CHEBI:50292,Chemical) :: ['cadmium sulphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity25170 - @entity25171 (TZ) combination is an anaesthetic drug commonly used in veterinary medicine. It is an equal amount combination of @entity25170 , a dissociative anaesthetic pharmacologically classified as an @entity3391 ( @entity3391 ) receptor antagonist, and @entity25171 , a @entity1245 tranquilizer. There are concerns regarding the safety profile of this drug combination due to incidents of @entity1 misuse/abuse. In this paper, we discuss the abuse liability of this drug combination based on currently available scientific evidence. We performed an in-depth search of medical and scientific literature and found seven reported cases of @entity1 abuse of the TZ combination, two of which resulted in fatal outcomes. In most of these cases, drug administration was intentional indicating that the TZ combination was abused by @entity1 . This finding is bolstered by the results of preclinical studies showing that the TZ combination produces rewarding effects in @entity35 , although manifested only in pretreated subjects. Further studies revealed that the addictive effects of the TZ combination are influenced by pre-exposure to other psychoactive drugs. Pre-exposure to @entity3652 , @entity3175 , @entity1875 , or @entity1068 facilitated the expression of the rewarding effects of the TZ combination. These findings support the hypothesis that the TZ combination was and can be used as a substitute or replacement drug. Altogether, the compiled evidence indicates that the TZ combination can potentially be abused by @entity1 . Thus, careful use, dispensation, and monitoring of the TZ combination and associated substances are strongly advocated. Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The abuse liability of the @entity3391 receptor antagonist- XXXX ( @entity25170 - @entity25171 ) combination: evidence from clinical case reports and preclinical studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3391 :: ('D016202', 'Chemical') :: ['NMDA', 'N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity25170 :: ('MESH:D013992', 'Chemical') :: ['tiletamine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity25171 :: ('MESH:D015041', 'Chemical') :: ['zolazepam']

answer: @entity1245 :: (MESH:D001569,Chemical) :: ['benzodiazepine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management and outcomes of muscle-invasive @entity150 are described in this article. METHODS: A retrospective survey of medical practitioners involved in the management of @entity150 was conducted. The survey obtained at least 5 years of follow-up data on all @entity1 . The sample was taken from the public and private health sectors in Victoria. All were cases of muscle-invasive @entity150 diagnosed between 1990 and 1995. The main outcome measures included reported management by staging, treatment and survival. RESULTS: Completed questionnaires were returned for 743 (89.6%) of 829 cases. Of these, 523 (70.4%) were @entity1 , and the mean age was 72.7 years. More than 75% of the cases (560) presented with macroscopic haematuria. The majority (696, 94%) had @entity1606 . A variety of treatments were given in various sequences, with 231 cases (31.1%) having initial surveillance. Eventually, 303 cases (40.8%) proceeded to 'definitive' management with either radiotherapy (132, 17.8%) or cystectomy (171, 23.0%). In addition, chemotherapy was given to 254 @entity1 (34.2%) at some time. Most @entity1 (613, 82.5%) have subsequently died; 402 (54%) died from @entity150 . Crude 5-year survival was 13.0%, and disease-specific survival was 27.7%. Multivariate analysis identified the following predictors of greater disease-specific survival: grade 1 or 2 histopathology (P = 0.0003), T2 primary (P < 0.0001), N0 disease (P = 0.04), M0 disease (P < 0.0001), radiation dose in BED(10) >70 Gy and cystectomy (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Muscle-invasive @entity150 in Victoria typically occurs in elderly @entity1 , and a notable proportion of these @entity1 do not proceed onto 'definitive' treatment. Disease stage, cystectomy and the use of high doses of radiation are associated with better outcomes. Chemotherapy was given to approximately one-third of @entity1 at some point in their disease management. Our data are similar to population-based data from North America, and provide a baseline against which potential changes in management of @entity150 can be compared.

title: Management of muscle-invasive XXXX in Victoria, 1990-1995.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity1764 -related right @entity9009 is an unusual but potentially life-threatening complication of cardiac operations. Between January 1981 and December 1990, a total of 10,182 @entity1 underwent heart operations for @entity63 , valvular, and @entity299 at the Montreal Heart Institute. Forty-eight @entity1 (0.5%) had postoperative @entity1764 necessitating surgical exploration and sternal debridement. The mediastinum was left open for daily irrigation with @entity4279 and chest reconstruction was postponed. During treatment, seven @entity1 (0.07%) had right @entity9009 necessitating immediate surgical repair. All had @entity63 heart disease before the operation. There were five @entity1 and two @entity1 , ages ranging from 52 to 65 years (mean 58 +/- 5 years). Surgical repair consisted of autologous patch covered with omentoplasty assisted with cardiopulmonary bypass. Two @entity1 died, one during the operation of massive @entity548 and the other 10 days after the operation of uncontrolled @entity295 . Five @entity1 survived 2 to 29 months (mean 23 +/- 10 months) after right @entity9009 , with an overall survival of 71%. @entity28 was more frequent in the @entity1 with right @entity9009 and was found to be a significant risk factor (multivariate analysis, p < 0.05, relative risk 3.22). Histologic examination of the right ventricle in the @entity1 who died after a successful repair revealed @entity1560 of the right ventricular wall. This may have predisposed the @entity1 toward @entity9009 . In conclusion, right @entity9009 , an unusual event in heart surgery, is related to open sternal debridement. Favorable outcome of this complication depends on immediate surgical management, autologous repair, and the use of omentoplasty.

title: Right XXXX . A complication of postoperative @entity1764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rupture']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis', 'Mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular rupture']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare accuracy and precision of self-measurement blood pressure (SMBP) at home, as a diagnosis method of @entity101 , with @entity349 measurement in office and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). DESIGN: A comparison study of diagnosis methods.Setting. @entity101 Unit in the Hospital General de Albacete. @entity1 : By means of a non-probabilistic sample, selected from consecutive cases that went to the unit, a 64 pharmacologically untreated @entity101 sample older than 18 has been selected. METHODS: All subjects were taken 3 measurements with @entity349 from a validated nurse in office, and were also taught to make 20 self-measurements of blood pressure in the morning at the office and 20 self-measurements in the evening at home with an automatic device Omron 705-CP, during the same day they were set a Takeda TM-2420 device programmed to measure their blood pressure for 24 hours. All proceedings were repeated 4 weeks later. Mean blood pressure values have been compared with every diagnosis method and sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value have been studied in every method reproducibility in every method has been analyzed. RESULTS: Subjects were 29 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 with a mean of 53 years old. The mean values of office blood pressure (OBP) have been higher than SMBP and ABPM in the two periods of the study. SMBP has had a higher specificity and predictive value than OBP. Reproducibility of repeated SMBP in standardized conditions is similar to ABPM. CONCLUSIONS: With a minimum program self-measurements at home, in standardized conditions, they can be considered as an accurate technique in the diagnosis of @entity101 .

title: [Accuracy and precision in blood pressure measurement. Comparative study of home self-measurement with measurement in the clinic and out- XXXX monitoring].

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: While most gene transcription yields RNA transcripts that code for proteins, a sizable proportion of the genome generates RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins, but may have important regulatory functions. The @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) gene, a key regulator of neuronal activity, is overlapped by a primate-specific, antisense long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) called @entity35271 . We demonstrate reciprocal patterns of @entity2252 and @entity35271 transcription in highly active regions of @entity1 neocortex removed as a treatment for intractable @entity410 . A genome-wide analysis of activity-dependent coding and noncoding @entity1 transcription using a custom lncRNA microarray identified 1288 differentially expressed lncRNAs, of which 26 had expression profiles that matched activity-dependent coding genes and an additional 8 were adjacent to or overlapping with differentially expressed protein-coding genes. The functions of most of these protein-coding partner genes, such as @entity16888 , include long-term potentiation, synaptic activity, and memory. The nuclear lncRNAs @entity23844 , @entity32626 , and @entity34451 , composing an RNAse P-dependent lncRNA-maturation pathway, were also upregulated. As a means to replicate @entity1 neuronal activity, repeated depolarization of SY5Y cells resulted in sustained @entity10366 activation and produced an inverse pattern of @entity2252 - @entity35271 co-expression that was not achieved with a single depolarization. RNAi-mediated knockdown of @entity35271 in @entity1 SY5Y cells increased @entity2252 expression, suggesting that @entity35271 directly downregulates @entity2252 . Temporal expression patterns of other lncRNA-messenger RNA pairs validated the effect of chronic neuronal activity on the transcriptome and implied various lncRNA regulatory mechanisms. lncRNAs, some of which are unique to primates, thus appear to have potentially important regulatory roles in activity-dependent @entity1 brain plasticity.

title: Activity-dependent XXXX brain coding/noncoding gene regulatory networks.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To study the involvement of motor and sensory pathways in @entity10892 , 19 @entity1 with @entity10892 from Unnao, India, where @entity10892 is endemic, were studied. The mean age of the @entity1 at the time of the onset of illness was 35.8 (range 18-70) years. The mean duration of illness was 15.6 (range 2-30) years. The clinical picture comprised walking difficulty due to @entity2693 and mild @entity425 in all 19 @entity1 , cramps in the legs in five, frequency or urgency of micturition in five, and flexor @entity2473 in three. There was pronounced leg @entity508 with a mean Ashworth score of 4.1 (range 2.9-5). @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was slow in 14 of the 17 @entity1 (21 sides). Slowing of peripheral motor nerve conduction, although less pronounced, was significant in the upper limb in four and the lower limb in seven sides. The tibial somatosensory evoked potentials were normal and peroneal nerve conduction was marginally impaired. Values for @entity121 correlated with the degree of @entity508 (p < 0.02) whereas @entity425 , crossed adductor reflexes, and clonus did not. The wide variability of @entity121 in @entity10892 may be due to involvement of different types of fibres. Large diameter fibre involvement may cause pronounced slowing. Small diameter fibre involvement could produce appreciable @entity508 and mild @entity425 but a lesser degree of slowing or even normal conduction.

title: Peripheral and central conduction studies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity10892 :: ('MESH:D007842', 'Disease') :: ['lathyrism', 'neurolathyrism']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['CMCT-TA', 'Central motor conduction to the tibialis anterior muscle']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity10892 :: (MESH:D007842,Disease) :: ['neurolathyrism']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical siblings after preparation with @entity1863 and @entity786 in adults with @entity981 ( @entity981 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 aged 15 to 42 years underwent transplantation at three different centers from November 1984 through November 1990. All @entity1 received 16 mg/kg @entity1863 and 120 mg/kg @entity786 as preparative therapy. @entity205 plus @entity1499 or @entity205 plus @entity288 with or without @entity1499 were given for prevention of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 died of treatment-related complications, 12 @entity1 relapsed, and 15 @entity1 are @entity1778 -free survivors. For 27 @entity1 in group 1 (first remission, second remission, first relapse), the estimated @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) rate is 42.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.9% to 71.7%) at 3 years. For 12 @entity1 with more @entity1442 (group 2), the 1-year @entity1778 rate is 13.5% (95% CI, 0% to 37.1%). @entity2132 occurred at an estimated incidence of 63.3% and developed significantly more frequently among @entity1 who received corticosteroids for prevention of acute @entity2132 . @entity2132 was associated with a significantly lower incidence of relapse and with improved @entity1778 rates. CONCLUSION: @entity1778 rate in this study is comparable to that obtained with radiation-containing regimens; however, the effectiveness of this preparative regimen in @entity981 requires further study.

title: Radiation-free preparation for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Chronic GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']