abstract: There is evidence that @entity158 @entity1 demonstrate attentional biases toward some @entity158 -related stimuli (eg, sensory words) and not others (eg, affective words). However, whether individuals in @entity1118 caused by @entity309 ( @entity309 ) also demonstrate this bias has not been investigated. Further, within the @entity158 literature, whether these biases reflect hypervigilance or @entity4764 from stimuli remains contentious. The present study aimed to determine (a) whether @entity309 @entity1 demonstrate an attentional bias to @entity158 words; and (b) whether this bias is a result of hypervigilance or @entity177 to disengage from the stimuli. @entity309 @entity1 showed a bias toward sensory words and away from threat-related words. The effect for sensory words resulted from slowed performance on incongruent trials (ie, @entity4764 ), whereas the bias away from threat words resulted from faster responses on incongruent trials (ie, avoidance of threat). The pattern of attention biases in @entity309 @entity1 is very similar to those found in @entity1 with @entity1118 . At least in @entity309 , attentional biases appear to be related to a @entity177 to disengage from @entity158 rather than hypervigilance. PERSPECTIVE: There is continued debate about whether these biases are caused by hypervigilance toward @entity158 stimuli or @entity4764 from @entity158 stimuli. This study shows that in a group of @entity309 @entity1 , attentional biases toward @entity158 are caused by @entity4764 rather than hypervigilance.

title: Attentional biases in @entity1118 associated with @entity309 : hypervigilance or XXXX disengaging?

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related words', 'pain', 'sensory pain']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty disengaging']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4764 :: (MESH:D051346,Disease) :: ['difficulties']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether monthly treatment with intravenous @entity1667 enhances or accelerates the effect of disease modifying drugs in @entity1 with @entity309 . DESIGN: A 12 month double blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial in which @entity1 with active @entity309 were randomly allocated to receive pulses of either @entity1667 or saline every four weeks for six months. At the start of the pulse treatment all @entity1 were started on @entity2361 or @entity500 . SETTING: Four rheumatology departments in Denmark. @entity1 : 97 @entity1 (71 @entity1 , 26 @entity1 ) aged 23-84 (mean 60) who had active @entity309 of at least four weeks' duration despite treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Monthly clinical recording of morning stiffness, number of tender and swollen joints, blinded observers' evaluation of therapeutic effect, and @entity1 ' self assessed condition. Concomitant laboratory measurements of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and concentrations of @entity1851 and haemoglobin. Radiography to determine the number of @entity2681 at the start of treatment and after 12 months. RESULTS: 57 @entity1 completed the trial, taking the same disease modifying drug throughout. Evaluation four weeks after each pulse treatment and at 12 month follow up showed no significant differences between the @entity1667 and placebo groups in any of the clinical or laboratory variables. Radiography showed the same degree of progression of @entity2681 in both groups. Evaluation of the total data on 97 @entity1 and on the 57 who completed the trial showed the same lack of significance between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous pulse treatment with @entity230 can be recommended only for rapid temporary relief of flares of disease in @entity1 with @entity309 . The response is short lived. Repeated pulses of @entity1667 at four week intervals do not improve the results of treatment with drugs that induce remission such as @entity2361 and @entity500 .

title: Double blind placebo controlled trial of pulse treatment with XXXX combined with disease modifying drugs in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: @entity8 is one of the most common @entity631 throughout the world, which is thought to be the multifactorial complex diseases, with genetic and environmental factors contributing to this disease. The failure of replicating the single genes in previous association studies may be of that the gene-gene interaction might have more influence on the susceptibility of the complex diseases. In all, 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 24 candidate genes (which were involved in the pathways implicated in the development or progression of @entity6994 ) were selected to conduct a large case-control association study in 527 @entity6994 @entity1 and 543 healthy controls. Traditional linear logistic regression analyses were used to detect single-locus associations in dominant, recessive and additive genetic models. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust the P-values for multiple testing. The gene-gene interaction effects of multiple SNPs were detected by multifactor-dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. After Bonferroni correction, no significant single-locus associations was observed between @entity6994 @entity1 and controls (Pc>0.05). The MDR analysis showed a potential interaction of @entity30269 @entity35661 ( @entity30270 ) and @entity19757 31+197A/G ( @entity35662 ) on the susceptibility of @entity6994 (P<0.001). Gene-gene interaction may have some influence on the susceptibility to @entity8 . This finding proposed a potential gene-gene interactive model for future studies.

title: Interaction of @entity30269 - XXXX on the susceptibility to @entity8 in Southern Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity19757 :: (3568,Gene) :: ['IL5RA']


abstract: Animal models of chronic prolactin ( @entity3695 ) excess have included @entity35 bearing transplantable @entity977 that have produced other hypophyseal hormones in addition to @entity3695 . We report characterization of a new model, the @entity35 implanted with the @entity5 , a line developed from the 7315a line. @entity35 implanted with the @entity5 have serum @entity3695 levels that increase with time and correlate with the estimated volume of the subcutaneous @entity5 . When @entity35 are killed 4 weeks after implantation, serum @entity3695 levels are strikingly higher in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 compared with controls (females, 2,723 +/- 266 v 192 +/- 46 ng/mL, P less than .0001; males, 1,637 +/- 213 v 99 +/- 11 ng/mL, P less than .0001). Serum @entity3695 levels measured by the Nb2 lymphoma assay were higher than immunoassay measurements in both @entity5 -bearing and control @entity35 . Sephadex chromatography of serum from @entity5 -bearing @entity35 showed that most of the @entity3695 immunoreactivity co-eluted with 125I-rPRL. Neither serum @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) nor luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were different from controls in @entity5 -bearing @entity35 . Female MMQ-bearing @entity35 had lower @entity53 levels. At death, the wet weights of adrenal glands, kidneys, and gonads were not affected by the presence of @entity5 . In contrast, @entity5 -bearing @entity35 had increased spleen weight and histological evidence of @entity1373 . The @entity35 implanted with the @entity3695 -only @entity5 is a promising new tool for the study of chronic @entity4089 .

title: Characterization of a new animal model of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'MMQ tumor']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['white pulp hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Buffalo rats', 'Rats', 'Buffalo rat', 'rats']

answer: @entity4089 :: (MESH:D006966,Disease) :: ['hyperprolactinemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of @entity1 with primary @entity424 ( @entity424 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from a series of 85 (35 females, 50 males) @entity1 with spinal @entity424 were collected in this retrospective multicenter study. Thirty-eight (45%) underwent surgery only and 47 (55%) received postoperative radiotherapy (RT). Median administered radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 22.2-59.4). Median follow-up of the surviving @entity1 was 60.0 months (range, 0.2-316.6). RESULTS: The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 50.4% and 74.8% for surgery only and surgery with postoperative low- (<50.4 Gy) or high-dose (>or=50.4 Gy) RT, respectively. Treatment failure was observed in 24 (28%) @entity1 . Fifteen @entity1 presented treatment failure at the primary site only, whereas 2 and 1 @entity1 presented with brain and distant spinal failure only. Three and 2 @entity1 with local failure presented with concomitant spinal distant seeding and brain failure, respectively. One @entity1 failed simultaneously in the brain and spine. Age greater than 36 years (p = 0.01), absence of neurologic symptoms at diagnosis (p = 0.01), @entity5 size >or=25 mm (p = 0.04), and postoperative high-dose RT (p = 0.05) were variables predictive of improved PFS on univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only postoperative high-dose RT was independent predictors of PFS (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The observed pattern of failure was mainly local, but one fifth of the @entity1 presented with a concomitant spinal or brain component. Postoperative high-dose RT appears to significantly reduce the rate of @entity5 progression.

title: The results of surgery, with or without radiotherapy, for primary @entity424 : a retrospective study from the rare XXXX network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['spinal myxopapillary ependymoma', 'MPE']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2457 ( @entity2457 ) is a rare and enigmatic disease. Functional outcome is particularly uncertain for the small group of @entity1 that are unable to stand at the time of diagnosis (grade 5 gait disturbance on the Aminoff-Logue scale, @entity2655 ). The objective of this study is to examine the final functional outcome of @entity1 with @entity2457 in grade 5 gait @entity2655 before treatment. METHODS: We conducted a PubMed search using the keyword "spinal dural arteriovenous @entity292 ." A review of the clinical series and single well-detailed case reports of @entity2457 gathered 106 @entity1 with grade 5 gait @entity2655 on the initial examination. Additionally, we report the case of a 56-year-old @entity1 presenting acute @entity451 and urinary retention on admission who had complained of sporadic motor and sphincter disturbances for 1 year. Spine T2-weighted MR imaging showed a central hyperintensity within the spinal cord, and the angiography demonstrated a T-11 @entity2457 . Interruption of the @entity292 was performed through an urgent one-level laminectomy. RESULTS: Grade 5 gait @entity2655 was present in 25% of the @entity1 with @entity2457 included in the clinical series. Latest follow-up showed that gait disturbance improved in 73% of @entity1 after treatment, although less than 6% became grade 1 gait @entity2655 . Micturition disturbances improved in 39%. Exploration of our @entity1 showed improvement to grade 1 gait @entity2655 1 year after the surgical treatment. CONCLUSION: Interruption of @entity2457 in paraplegic @entity1 may improve the final functional gait outcome in some cases. No complete recovery (grade 0 gait @entity2655 ) was achieved after treatment. Micturition disturbances had a worse prognosis than @entity51 .

title: Recovery from @entity451 after the treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous XXXX : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity2457 :: ('MESH:D020785', 'Disease') :: ['SDAVF', 'Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: @entity12022 lozenges are popular in symptomatic treatment of acute sore throat. The aim of this study was to evaluate if sucking a @entity12022 lozenge was superior to a placebo lozenge in @entity1 with @entity158 while swallowing. Volunteers with acute, uncomplicated sore throat received randomly and double-blind either a @entity12022 8 mg or a placebo lozenge. @entity158 was assessed on a numerical visual rating scale. The primary outcome measure was the sum of the @entity158 intensity differences (SPID) over 2 h. Secondary outcome measures included the number of @entity1 who reported 50% or more of their baseline @entity158 score (responders) and those with worthwhile and complete @entity158 relief, the times to worthwhile/complete @entity158 relief and to @entity158 recurrence and the occurrence of any adverse effects. A predefined interim analysis after including 50 @entity1 revealed the superiority of @entity12022 versus placebo in the SPID (p = 0.0086). At this time, a total of 165 @entity1 had been recruited (full analysis set, FAS) and underwent statistical analysis. In the FAS, median SPID had significantly more decreased in @entity1 receiving @entity12022 compared to placebo (-12 vs. - 5, p = 0.001). There were significantly more responders and @entity1 with @entity158 relief in group @entity12022 . The number of @entity1 with complete @entity158 relief was very small. Median time to @entity158 relief was 20 min ( @entity12022 ) and >45 min (placebo). Adverse events were not observed. @entity12022 lozenges are superior to placebo lozenges and a useful, well-tolerated treatment option to reduce painful pharyngeal discomfort.

title: Efficacy of a XXXX lozenge in the treatment of uncomplicated sore throat.

entities_list: @entity12022 :: ('MESH:D001566', 'Chemical') :: ['benzocaine', 'Benzocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'worthwhile pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity12022 :: (MESH:D001566,Chemical) :: ['benzocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated factors associated with positive margins following mastectomy and the impact on outcomes. METHODS: We identified 240 @entity1 with stage I-III invasive @entity0 who underwent mastectomy from 1999 to 2009. Data included @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, pathologic margin assessment, and outcomes. Margin positivity was defined as the presence of in situ or invasive @entity5 at any margin. Descriptive statistics were used for data summary and were compared using   (2). RESULTS: Of the 240 @entity1 , 132 (55%) had a simple mastectomy with sentinel lymph node biopsy and 108 (45%) had a modified radical mastectomy. Overall, 21 @entity1 (9%) had positive margins, including 12 (57%) with one positive margin, 3 (14%) with two positive margins, and 6 (29%) with three or more positive margins. The most commonly affected margin was the deep margin (48% of @entity1 ). Eight of the 21 @entity1 (38%) received adjuvant chest wall irradiation. There were no differences between @entity1 who had a positive margin and those who did not with respect to @entity1 age, race, percentage of in situ component, @entity5 size, @entity5 grade, @entity3 , or immunostain profile (P > 0.05 for all). None of the @entity1 with positive margins experienced a local recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Positive margins following mastectomy occurred in nearly 10% of our @entity1 . No specific @entity1 or @entity5 characteristics predicted a risk for having a positive margin. Despite the finding that only approximately 40% of @entity1 received adjuvant radiation in the setting of a positive margin, no local recurrences have been observed.

title: Compromised margins following mastectomy for stage I-III invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity73 in @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) is characterized by @entity4207 . @entity19 genetic models of @entity1467 exhibit @entity73 in hippocampally mediated behavioral tasks and reduced synaptic plasticity of hippocampal pathways. Enhanced efficiency of GABAergic neurotransmission was implicated in those changes. We have recently shown that signaling through postsynaptic @entity1246 (B) receptors is significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of @entity20213 @entity19 , a genetic model of @entity1467 . Here we examined a role for @entity1246 (B) receptors in @entity73 in @entity1467 by defining the effect of selective @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonists on behavior and synaptic plasticity of adult @entity20213 @entity19 . Treatment with the @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonist @entity7234 restored memory of @entity20213 @entity19 in the novel place recognition, novel object recognition, and contextual fear conditioning tasks, but did not affect locomotion and performance in T-maze. The treatment increased hippocampal levels of @entity9140 , equally in 2N and @entity20213 @entity19 . In hippocampal slices, treatment with the @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonists @entity7234 or @entity33797 enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP) in the @entity20213 DG. The enhancement of LTP was accompanied by an increase in the @entity143 receptor-mediated component of the @entity116 -evoked responses. These findings are evidence for a contribution of @entity1246 (B) receptors to changes in hippocampal-based cognition in the @entity20213 @entity19 . The ability to rescue cognitive performance through treatment with selective @entity1246 (B) receptor antagonists motivates studies to further explore the therapeutic potential of these compounds in @entity1 with @entity1467 .

title: XXXX and synaptic plasticity in a @entity19 model of @entity1467 ameliorated by GABAB receptor antagonists.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'impaired cognition', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficient learning and memory']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Deficits in cognition']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). We conducted the first systematic review of the best quantitative and qualitative evidence currently available in order to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity910 in relieving @entity158 in knee @entity571 . A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three English and four Chinese biomedical databases from their inception through @entity3490 , 2015. We included randomized controlled trials of @entity910 for knee @entity571 with intervention durations of at least two weeks. The effects of @entity910 on @entity158 and other clinical symptoms were measured with the visual analog scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC). The total effectiveness rate, which was used to assess @entity158 , physical performance and wellness, was also measured. Two researchers independently extracted data on study design, population characteristics, duration, intervention, outcomes, risk of bias, and primary results. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis when appropriate. We also explored factors that could explain the heterogeneity by conducting subgroup and meta-regression analyses. Twenty-three studies, totaling 2362 subjects, met the eligibility criteria. Treatments were formulated with an average of 8 Chinese herbs and were prescribed based on the traditional Chinese diagnostic method of syndrome differentiation. The mean treatment duration was seven weeks, with oral administration occurring one to three times a day. Compared with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intra-articular @entity31551 injections, 18 of the studies showed significantly improved VAS @entity158 scores (Mean Difference [MD] [Formula: see text] 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18 to 0.94; [Formula: see text]), six of the studies showed significantly improved @entity158 subscale scores (MD [Formula: see text] 2.23; 95% CI, 0.56 to 3.91; [Formula: see text]), and 16 of the trials showed significantly improved total effectiveness rates (risk ratio [Formula: see text] 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.19; [Formula: see text] 0.0003). In addition, @entity910 showed a lower risk of adverse events than standard western treatments. This evidence suggests that @entity910 is safe and effective for improving @entity158 , function, and wellness in treatments of knee @entity571 . However, there is inherent clinical heterogeneity (diverse @entity910 formulations, controls, and treatment regimens) among the included trials. Despite these limitations, the potential analgesic effects of @entity910 warrant further methodologically rigorous research to determine the clinical implications of @entity910 on @entity158 management in knee @entity571 .

title: Traditional Chinese Medications for Knee XXXX : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['TCM', 'Traditional Chinese medication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['WOMAC pain', 'overall pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pigmentation in @entity1 skin is an important defense mechanism against sunlight or oxidative stress. Despite the protective role of melanin, @entity854 such as freckles and @entity1709 sometimes can be serious aesthetic problems. Because of these effects of @entity2117 , @entity1 have considered the effect of depigmentation. @entity24402 (AZ) is a saturated @entity13961 found naturally in @entity3505 , rye, and @entity2247 . Previously, we showed that AZ inhibited melanogenesis. In this study, we investigated the antimelanogenic activity of combination of AZ and @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) in @entity19 @entity19 @entity320 cells. METHODS: The @entity19 @entity320 cell line B16F10 was used in the study. We measured melanin contents and tyrosinase activity. To gain the change of protein expression, we carried out western blotting. RESULTS: We investigated that AZ combined with @entity2226 ( @entity5624 ) show more inhibitory effects in melanocytes than the treatment of AZ alone. AZ combined with @entity5624 inhibited the melanin production and tyrosinase activity of @entity19 @entity320 cells without significant @entity137 . Also inhibitory effects after treatment with these combined chemical are stronger than AZ alone on melanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that AZ with @entity5624 might play an important role in the regulation of melanin formation and be useful as effective ingredients in antimelanogesis.

title: Effect of combination of @entity2226 and @entity24402 on antimelanogenesis in XXXX @entity320 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity24402 :: ('MESH:C010038', 'Chemical') :: ['Azelaic acid']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity13961 :: ('CHEBI:35692', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge we established a new technique to vaporize and incise the full-thickness @entity1494 with a 2 microm continuous wave laser to treat @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine @entity1 were treated transurethrally with a 2 microm laser under sacral block. This 2 microm laser was used to incise the full-thickness bladder wall around the @entity5 . The entire bladder wall was peeled between the detrusor muscle layer and outer connective tissues. @entity5 with full-thickness detrusor muscle layers at the base were removed together and sent for pathological examination. @entity548 and @entity260 were observed, and pathological staging and postoperative followup were performed. RESULTS: All operations were successful. Mean +/- SD operative time was 8.7 +/- 2.6 minutes (range 7 to 15) per @entity1 . Perioperative @entity190 was minimal. There was no obturator nerve reflection and no @entity548 was detected after surgery. @entity1494 occurred in 1 case. Pathological stage of the @entity5 was T1 and T2a. @entity1 were followed for 6 to 9 months postoperatively with no recurrence at the resection site. This series included highly selected @entity1 treated by a single high volume surgeon. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this is the first report of a 2 microm laser used to treat @entity150 . It can be applied to precisely vaporize and incise the full-thickness bladder wall and peel it between detrusor muscle layers and outer loose connective tissues, thus completing partial cystectomy for @entity150 .

title: Transurethral partial cystectomy with continuous wave laser for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder perforation', 'bladder wall and peel off the entire muscular layers']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 are more likely to suffer from a @entity6426 -related @entity1277 , which is surprising, since @entity53 reduces meal size and is associated with reduced binge frequency. This apparent contradiction may involve the @entity53 metabolite, @entity35566 . We previously reported that female @entity35 had faster escalations in shortening intake during the development of @entity6426 than did males, but acute administration of @entity35566 increased the intake of vegetable shortening to a greater extent in male @entity35 once @entity6426 was established. Here, we report two separate studies that follow up these previous findings. In the first, we hypothesized that chronic exposure to @entity35566 would promote escalation of @entity6426 during binge development in ovariectomized female @entity35 . In the second, we hypothesized that acute exposure to @entity35566 would enhance @entity935 signaling in the prefrontal cortex after @entity6426 was established in male @entity35 . In study 1, non-food-deprived female @entity35 were separated into 3 groups: ovariectomized (OVX) with chronic @entity35566 supplementation (E), OVX with vehicle supplementation (O), and intact with vehicle (I). Each group was given access to an optional source of dietary fat (shortening) on Mon, Wed, and Fri for 4 weeks. @entity35566 supplementation prevented OVX-induced @entity1017 and enhanced escalation of shortening intake over the four-week period (ps<0.05). Additionally, in week 4, @entity35 in the E group ate significantly more shortening than I controls, less chow than either the O or I group, and had a higher shortening to chow ratio than O or I (ps<0.05). Study 2 indicated that acute injection of @entity35566 abolished shortening-evoked @entity935 efflux in the prefrontal cortex of @entity6426 male @entity35 (p<0.05). Together, these studies indicate that @entity35566 can exacerbate @entity6426 as it develops and can suppress @entity935 signaling in the prefrontal cortex once @entity6426 is established.

title: XXXX enhances binge onset in female @entity35 and reduces prefrontal cortical @entity935 in male @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity35566 :: ('MESH:C001390', 'Chemical') :: ['2-hydroxyestradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorder']

answer: @entity35566 :: (MESH:C001390,Chemical) :: ['2-Hydroxyestradiol']


abstract: @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) programs dysregulation of the @entity774 ( @entity774 ) in postnatal life, though time periods vulnerable to @entity1642 , are still unclear. We evaluated in pregnant @entity742 the effect of @entity1642 during early gestation [30-100 days of gestation (dGA); term is 150 dGA] or late gestation (100-120 dGA) on development of fetal @entity774 function. We compared the effects of endogenous @entity701 with synthetic glucocorticoid (GC) exposure, as used clinically to enhance fetal lung maturation. Pregnant @entity742 were exposed to repeated isolation stress twice per week for 3 h in a separate box with no visual, tactile, or auditory contact with their flock-mates either during early (n = 7) or late (n = 7) gestation. Additional groups received two courses of @entity5935 (BM; n = 7; 2   110  g kg(- 1) body weight, 24 h apart) during late gestation (106/107 and 112/113 dGA, n = 7) or acted as controls (n = 7). Fetal @entity701 responses to @entity551 challenge, a physiological fetal stressor, were measured at 112 and 129 dGA, i.e. before and during maturation of the @entity774 . @entity551 was induced by fetal infusion of @entity1854 , a potent vasodilator. At 112 dGA, neither @entity1642 nor BM altered fetal @entity701 responses. @entity1642 , during early or late gestation, and BM treatment increased fetal @entity701 responses at 129 dGA with the greatest increase achieved in stressed early pregnant @entity742 . Thus, development of the @entity774 is vulnerable to inappropriate levels of GCs during long periods of fetal life, whereas early gestation is most vulnerable to @entity1642 .

title: Effects of early- and late-gestational maternal stress and synthetic glucocorticoid on development of the fetal XXXX in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'Prenatal maternal stress']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['HPAA', 'hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) involves progressive @entity179 , including loss of @entity935 (DA) neurons from the substantia nigra. Select genes associated with rare familial forms of @entity191 function in cellular pathways, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), involved in protein degradation. The misfolding and accumulation of proteins, such as @entity8095 , into inclusions termed Lewy Bodies represents a clinical hallmark of @entity191 . Given the predominance of @entity191 among @entity1 populations, environmental toxins may induce the disease, although their nature is largely unknown. Thus, an unmet challenge surrounds the discovery of causal or contributory neurotoxic factors that could account for the prevalence of @entity191 . Bacteria within the order Actinomycetales are renowned for their robust production of secondary metabolites and might represent unidentified sources of environmental exposures. Among these, the aerobic genera, Streptomyces, produce natural proteasome inhibitors that block protein degradation and may potentially damage DA neurons. Here we demonstrate that a metabolite produced by a common soil bacterium, S. venezuelae, caused DA @entity179 in the @entity2199 , @entity2199 , which increased as animals aged. This metabolite, which disrupts UPS function, caused gradual degeneration of all neuronal classes examined, however DA neurons were particularly vulnerable to exposure. The presence of DA exacerbated @entity137 because @entity179 was attenuated in mutant @entity2199 depleted for @entity669 hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in DA production. Strikingly, this factor caused dose-dependent death of @entity1 SH-SY5Y @entity521 cells, a dopaminergic line. Efforts to purify the toxic activity revealed that it is a highly stable, lipophilic, and chemically unique small molecule. Evidence of a robust neurotoxic factor that selectively impacts neuronal survival in a progressive yet moderate manner is consistent with the etiology of age-associated @entity179 . Collectively, these data suggest the potential for exposures to the metabolites of specific common soil bacteria to possibly represent a contributory environmental component to @entity191 .

title: Investigating bacterial sources of @entity137 as an environmental contributor to dopaminergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'sporadic PD', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1904 (PCT) is an established laboratory marker for disease severity in @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity295 . In addition, PCT has been shown to be an effective marker for a limited number of localized infections. However, whether or not PCT has any diagnostic value for @entity697 , still remains unclear. The purpose of this prospective bicenter study was, therefore, to determine whether or not the PCT levels in the serum of @entity1 with @entity697 have any diagnostic value. METHODS: This prospective study included 103 @entity1 who received an appendectomy, based on the clinical diagnosis of @entity697 , in a surgical department of an @entity4207 teaching hospital in Germany or in a county hospital in Spain. White blood cell count (WBC), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and @entity1904 (PCT) values were determined preoperatively. All appendectomy specimens were sent for routine histopathological evaluation. Based on this information, the @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 5 groups that reflected the severity of the @entity698 . RESULTS: Of the 103 @entity1 who were included in the study, 98 had @entity698 . Fourteen (14.3%) showed an increase in PCT values. Of those 14, 4 had a serum PCT >0.5 ng/ml, 9 had a PCT value >2-10 ng/ml and 1 had a PCT value >10 ng/ml. The sensitivity of PCT was calculated to be 0.14. The mean WBC value was 13.0/nl (+/- 5.2, 3.4-31), and for @entity1851 it was 8.8 mg/dl (+/- 13, 0-60.2). The values of @entity1851 , WBC and PCT increased with the severity of the @entity698 . CONCLUSIONS: PCT is potentially increased in rare cases of severe @entity32 and, in particular, after appendiceal perforation or @entity698 . However, its remarkably low sensitivity prohibits its routine use for the diagnosis of @entity698 .

title: A prospective bicenter study investigating the diagnostic value of @entity1904 in XXXX with @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin', 'Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2555 , e.g., @entity3014 (B(a)P) are known carcinogens/mutagens. These compounds may be metabolized by the P450 mixed function monooxygenase to more nucleophilic compounds which may form adducts to the cellular macromolecules, e.g., DNA, RNA, and proteins. We have used synchronous fluorescence scanning for the assay of DNA adduct formation. In our earlier work with in vitro exposed @entity1 lymphocytes we estimated the adduct formation (femtomoles B(a)P per microgram DNA) to be higher than that estimated by other workers. We suggested that this difference may be related to the DNA isolation method used. In order to elucidate these differences we compared DNA adduct formation in @entity1 lymphocytes where DNA was isolated by the two different methods, i.e., using @entity3971 extraction or the Gene Clean method. The data demonstrate that the @entity3971 extraction procedure gives a yield of adducts per microgram DNA lower than that obtained by the Gene Clean method. The principle of the Gene Clean method for DNA isolation is protein denaturation by means of NaI followed by catching of DNA by absorption on @entity3440 particles. In contrast, the @entity3971 extraction method is based upon @entity3971 -mediated denaturation of proteins in the cell lysate leaving the hydrophilic @entity2036 in the aqueous phase. However, during adduct formation more lipophilic adducts derived from DNA may redistribute between the aqueous phase and the @entity3971 phase. In support of this theory we found higher adduct concentration per microgram DNA by the Gene Clean method 40 to 60 times than that found by the @entity3971 method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Method for estimation of XXXX DNA adducts.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Physicians with recurrent conditions that may affect job performance are sometimes referred for monitoring to help ensure compliance with treatment, ongoing remission of illness, and @entity1 safety. Little is known about recurrence rates among doctors monitored for @entity1316 . Our primary objective was to describe recurrence rates among Ontario physicians monitored for recurrent @entity308 and @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Our secondary objective was to explore predictors of recurrence. METHOD: We used a retrospective cohort design to describe the time to recurrence, defined as either stopping work owing to symptoms or any re-emergence of symptoms meeting a pre-established clinical threshold. Our exploratory analysis of recurrence predictors included age, sex, @entity146 diagnosis, @entity146 comorbidity, medical comorbidity, number of past episodes, past hospitalizations, and family history of @entity146 . RESULTS: During a median observation of 24 months, 36% (18 of 50) of physicians stopped work owing to recurrence of symptoms, with the median time to stopping work being 11 months. As well, 52% (26 of 50) had a re-emergence of clinical symptoms, with the median time to any level of symptom re-emergence being 13 months. Physicians with @entity146 comorbidity stopped work sooner (hazard ratio [HR] 3.53; 95% CI 1.24 to 10.03, P = 0.01) and had more rapid symptom re-emergence (HR 2.96; 95% CI 1.34 to 6.52, P = 0.004) than those without comorbidity. The most common @entity146 comorbidity was a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, @entity148 . CONCLUSION: Recurrence rates are high among Ontario physicians referred for formal monitoring of recurrent @entity308 and @entity162 , and are markedly hastened by the presence of @entity146 comorbidity.

title: Recurrence rates in Ontario physicians monitored for major @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated modified inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of @entity17539 , analyzing the rate of complications compared to complete inguinal lymphadenectomy, the complications in performing lymphadenectomy and penectomy concomitantly, and the long-term locoregional recurrence rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 @entity1 with @entity957 were clinically assessed, and underwent penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy at the same operative time. Frozen section analysis of lymph nodes was performed and if metastases were detected a complete ipsilateral inguinal dissection was performed. RESULTS: A total of 52 modified lymphadenectomies were performed. In 10 procedures lymph node @entity3 was present. Clinical staging presented false-positive and false-negative rates of 50% and 7.9%, respectively. The complication rate for modified lymphadenectomy was 38.9% and for complete inguinal lymphadenectomy it was 87.5%. Followup ranged from 5 to 112 months and mean followup of recurrence-free cases was 78 months (range 38 to 112). A total of 18 @entity1 underwent bilateral negative modified inguinal lymphadenectomy and 2 of these experienced locoregional recurrence within 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy causes a lower complication rate than complete inguinal lymphadenectomy. Bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy performed at the same time as penectomy does not increase the complication rate. When frozen section analysis is negative bilaterally, 5.5% of inguinal regions might still harbor occult @entity3 . Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy is recommended as a staging procedure in all @entity1 with T2-3 @entity17539 . A straight followup is required for 2 years since all recurrence was within this period.

title: Long-term followup of XXXX treated with penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the penis']

entities_list: @entity17539 :: ('MESH:D010412', 'Disease') :: ['penile carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity17539 :: (MESH:D010412,Disease) :: ['penile carcinoma']


abstract: @entity8728 is the precursor of @entity10698 (FMN) and @entity10697 (FAD), coenzymes required for the activity of flavoenzymes involved in the transfer of electrons in oxidation-reduction reactions. @entity28094 are light sensitive and rapidly degrade when exposed to light in the near ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. Some of the byproducts of @entity1785 photodegradation are toxic. A quantitative survey of @entity28094 in @entity95 ocular tissues is reported. Adult male Dutch-Belt @entity95 were fed purified diets containing 3, 30, or 300 mg @entity8728 /kg for 1 month. A method of aqueous extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection was used to measure @entity8728 , FMN, and FAD in @entity267 , lens cortex, lens nucleus, retina, and blood. The retina contained the highest @entity1785 concentration. In all tissues, the primary @entity1785 was FAD followed by @entity10698 and @entity8728 . The highest concentration of @entity8728 occurred in the @entity267 followed by the retina, lens cortex, and lens nucleus. A trend toward increasing concentrations of @entity8728 occurred in the retina and blood in response to excess dietary @entity8728 , but the concentration changes were not statistically significant. The highest concentration of @entity10697 and FMN occurred in the retina followed by the @entity267 and the lens cortex and nucleus. The relative contribution of @entity8728 , FMN, and FAD to the total @entity1785 pool was markedly different in the various tissues of the eye. The proportion of tissue @entity28094 present as @entity8728 decreased from anterior to posterior. It was highest in the @entity267 followed by lens and retina. The pattern of distribution for FMN was: @entity267 greater than retina greater than lens cortex and nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Analysis of XXXX in ocular tissues of the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity10698 :: ('MESH:D005486', 'Chemical') :: ['flavin mononucleotide', 'FMN']

entities_list: @entity28094 :: ('MESH:D005415', 'Chemical') :: ['flavins', 'Flavins']

entities_list: @entity10697 :: ('MESH:D005182', 'Chemical') :: ['flavin adenine dinucleotide', 'FAD']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin', 'Riboflavin']

answer: @entity28094 :: (MESH:D005415,Chemical) :: ['flavins']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been previously demonstrated that a new index of @entity472 ( @entity472 ) severity derived from @entity452 stress echocardiography (DSE), the projected aortic valve area ( @entity9012 ) at a normal transvalvular flow rate ( @entity9012 (proj)), is superior to traditional Doppler echocardiographic indices to discriminate true severe from pseudosevere low-gradient @entity472 . The objectives of this study were to prospectively validate the diagnostic and prognostic value of @entity9012 (proj) in a large series of @entity1 and to propose a new clinically applicable simplified method to estimate @entity9012 (proj). METHODS: @entity9012 (proj) was calculated in 142 @entity1 with low-flow @entity472 using 2 methods. In the conventional method, @entity9012 was plotted against mean transvalvular flow (Q) at each stage of DSE, and @entity9012 at a standardized flow rate of 250 ml/s was projected from the slope of the regression line fitting the plot of @entity9012 versus Q: @entity9012 (proj) = @entity9012 (rest) + slope x (250 - Q(rest)). In the simplified method, using this equation, the slope of the regression line was estimated by dividing the DSE-induced change in @entity9012 from baseline to the peak stage of DSE by the change in Q. RESULTS: There was a strong correlation between @entity9012 (proj) calculated by the two methods (r = 0.95, P < .0001). Among the 142 @entity1 , 52 underwent aortic valve replacement and had underlying @entity472 severity assessed by the surgeon. Conventional and simplified @entity9012 (proj) demonstrated similar performance in discriminating true severe from pseudosevere @entity472 (percentage of correct classification of @entity9012 (proj) < or = 1 cm(2), 94% and 92%, respectively) and were superior to traditional @entity452 stress echocardiographic indices (percentage of correct classification, 60%-77%). Both conventional and simplified @entity9012 (proj) correlated well with valve weight (r = 0.52 and r = 0.58, respectively), whereas traditional @entity452 stress echocardiographic indices did not. In the 84 @entity1 who were treated medically, conventional @entity9012 (proj) < or = 1.2 cm(2) (hazard ratio, 1.65; P = .02) and simplified @entity9012 (proj) < or = 1.2 cm(2) (hazard ratio, 2.70; P < .0001) were independent predictors of mortality. Traditional @entity452 stress echocardiographic indices were not predictive. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with low-flow @entity472 , @entity9012 (proj) better predicts underlying @entity472 severity and @entity1 outcomes than traditional @entity452 stress echocardiographic indices. Simplified @entity9012 (proj) is easier to calculate than conventional @entity9012 (proj), facilitating the use of @entity9012 (proj) in clinical practice.

title: Validation of conventional and simplified methods to calculate projected valve area at normal flow rate in XXXX with low flow, low gradient @entity472 : the multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe @entity472 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity68 plays an essential role in many biological processes, but also catalyzes the formation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), which can cause molecular damage. @entity68 homeostasis is therefore a critical determinant of fitness. In @entity2199 , insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) promotes growth and reproduction but limits stress resistance and lifespan through inactivation of the @entity7626 /FoxO transcription factor (TF). We report that long-lived @entity7625 insulin/IGF-1 receptor mutants show a @entity7626 -dependent increase in expression of @entity27477 , which encodes the @entity68 storage protein H-ferritin. To better understand the regulation of @entity68 homeostasis, we performed a TF-limited genetic screen for factors influencing @entity27477 gene expression. The screen identified the heat-shock TF @entity27478 , the MAD bHLH TF mdl-1, and the putative histone acetyl transferase @entity27479 as activators of @entity27477 expression. It also revealed that the HIFa homolog @entity9968 and its binding partner aha-1 (HIFb) are potent repressors of @entity27477 expression. @entity27477 expression is induced by exposure to @entity68 , and we found that @entity9968 was required for this induction. In addition, we found that the @entity10783 hydroxylase @entity27480 , which represses @entity9968 via the @entity280 suppressor @entity27481 , can also act antagonistically to @entity27481 in regulating @entity27477 . This suggests a novel mechanism for HIF target gene regulation by these evolutionarily conserved and clinically important hydroxylases. Our findings imply that the IIS and HIF pathways act together to regulate @entity68 homeostasis in @entity2199 . We suggest that IIS/ @entity7626 regulation of @entity27477 modulates a trade-off between growth and stress resistance, as elevated @entity68 availability supports growth but also increases ROS production.

title: Insulin/IGF-1 and hypoxia signaling act in concert to regulate XXXX homeostasis in @entity2199 .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['C. elegans', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau tumor']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['iron']


abstract: @entity1082 ) 52 and 58 are oncogenic HPV types prevalent in Asia. Our study aims to explore intratypic variants of HPV 52 and 58 in Taiwan. A total of 11,923 @entity1 were enrolled from seven townships in 1991-1992. HPV DNA in their cervical cells was detected and typed by EasyChip   HPV blot. Among 424 @entity1 infected with HPV 52 and/or 58, @entity377 variations were determined in cervical cell samples of 406 @entity1 by the polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region, E6 and E7 genes. Nonprototype-like variants including lineages B and C were detected in 278 (99.3%) of 280 HPV 52 samples. The prototype and prototype-like group (lineage A) of HPV58 was found in 132 (98.5%) of 134 HPV 58 samples, with sublineage A1, A2 and A3 variant in 14.2, 27.6 and 56.7%, respectively. Among @entity1 infected with single HPV 52 type, the C variant (vs. B variant) was associated with an increased prevalence of cytologically diagnosed high-grade squamous @entity75 or worse lesions showing an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, CI) of 5.2 (1.0-27.6) and an increased prevalence of histologically confirmed high-grade cervical @entity5436 or more severe lesions with an age-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of 7.6 (1.3-43.8). It was concluded that frequency distributions of HPV 52 and 58 variants in Taiwan were different from those in European and American populations. The association between C variant of HPV 52 and prevalence of cervical @entity5 needs further validation.

title: Unique variants of XXXX genotypes 52 and 58 and risk of cervical @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of a new @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 , were assessed in a double-blind multicenter study. @entity5757 (mean dose, 0.76 mg) or placebo (mean dose, 8.9 ml) was administered intravenously to 130 and 67 @entity1 , respectively, who had been given @entity3175 in conjunction with an opioid ( @entity3575 , @entity6882 , or @entity1286 ) for the induction and maintenance of intravenous conscious sedation for diagnostic or therapeutic surgical procedures. The group assessable for efficacy comprised 122 @entity1 treated with @entity5757 and 64 @entity1 given placebo. After 5 minutes, 80/115 (70%) @entity5757 -treated @entity1 , compared with 21/63 (33%) placebo-treated @entity1 , were completely awake and alert, as indicated by a score of 5 on the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale. Ninety-five percent of @entity1 in each group who attained a score of 5 at the 5-minute assessment showed no loss of alertness throughout the 180-minute assessment period. @entity5757 -treated @entity1 also performed significantly better on the Finger-to-Nose Test and the recall of pictures shown at the 5-minute assessment. @entity5757 was well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects reported. Thirty-nine (30%) of @entity5757 -treated @entity1 , compared with 17 (25%) of placebo-treated @entity1 had one or more drug-related adverse experiences. The most common adverse effects were @entity390 and @entity391 in the @entity5757 group and @entity390 and injection-site @entity158 in the placebo group. @entity5757 was found to promptly reverse sedation induced by @entity3175 in the presence of opioids.

title: Reversal of central @entity1245 effects by @entity5757 after intravenous conscious sedation with @entity3175 and opioids: report of a double-blind multicenter study. The XXXX in Intravenous Conscious Sedation with @entity3175 Multicenter Study Group II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil', 'Flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity5757 :: (MESH:D005442,Chemical) :: ['Flumazenil']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To chart follow-up of @entity1 after acute @entity4968 by substances of abuse, register whether @entity1 referred to specialist health services attended, and whether @entity1 contacted a general practitioner (GP) after the @entity4968 episode. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: A primary care emergency outpatient clinic in Oslo, Norway. SUBJECTS: @entity1   >= 12 years treated for acute @entity4968 by substances of abuse were included consecutively from October 2011 to September 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Follow-up initiated at discharge, proportion of cases in which referred @entity1 attended within three months, and proportion of cases in which the @entity1 consulted a GP the first month following discharge. RESULTS: There were 2343 episodes of acute @entity4968 by substances of abuse. In 391 (17%) cases the @entity1 was hospitalised, including 49 (2%) in @entity146 wards. In 235 (10%) cases the @entity1 was referred to specialist health services, in 91 (4%) advised to see their GP, in 82 (3%) to contact social services, in 74 (3%) allotted place in a homeless shelter, and in 93 (4%) other follow-up was initiated. In 1096 (47%) cases, the @entity1 was discharged without follow-up, and in a further 324 (14%), the @entity1 self-discharged. When referred to specialist health services, in 200/235 (85%) cases the @entity1 attended within three months. Among all discharges, in 527/1952 (27%) cases the @entity1 consulted a GP within one month. When advised to see their GP, in 45/91 (49%) cases the @entity1 did. CONCLUSION: Attendance was high for follow-up initiated after acute @entity4968 by substances of abuse. KEY POINTS Despite poor long-term prognosis, @entity1 treated for acute @entity4968 by substances of abuse are frequently not referred to follow-up. Nearly all @entity1 referred to specialist health services attended, indicating the acute @entity4968 as an opportune moment for intervention. Advising @entity1 to contact their GP was significantly associated with @entity1 consulting the GP, but few @entity1 were so advised. One out of three @entity1 was discharged without follow-up, and there seems to be an unused potential for GP involvement.

title: Follow-up after acute XXXX by substances of abuse: a prospective observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: The role of radiotherapy for local control of marginally resected, unresectable, and recurrent @entity2967 of bone (GCToB) has not been well defined. The number of @entity1 affected by this rare disease is low. We present a series of 58 @entity1 with biopsy proven GCToB who were treated with radiation therapy. A retrospective review of the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of GCToB was conducted in participating institutions of the Rare Cancer Network. Eligibility criteria consisted of the use of radiotherapy for marginally resected, unresectable, and recurrent GCToB. Fifty-eight @entity1 with biopsy proven GCToB were analyzed from 9 participating North American and European institutions. Forty-five @entity1 had a primary @entity5 and 13 @entity1 had a recurrent @entity5 . Median radiation dose was 50 Gy in a median of 25 fractions. Indication for radiation therapy was marginal resection in 33 @entity1 , unresectable @entity5 in 13 @entity1 , recurrence in 9 @entity1 and palliation in 2 @entity1 . Median @entity5 size was 7.0 cm. A significant proportion of the @entity5 involved critical structures. Median follow-up was 8.0 years. Five year local control was 85% . Of the 7 local failures, 3 were treated successfully with salvage surgery. All @entity1 who received palliation achieved symptom relief. Five year overall survival was 94%. None of the @entity1 experienced grade 3 or higher acute @entity137 . This study reports a large published experience in the treatment of GCToB with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy can provide excellent local control for incompletely resected, unresectable or recurrent GCToB with acceptable morbidity.

title: Radiotherapy for marginally resected, unresectable or recurrent giant cell tumor of the bone: a rare XXXX network study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Deregulated @entity641 signaling in @entity788 promotes @entity5 growth, invasion, @entity3 , and a potent immunosuppressive network. A strategy for disrupting this @entity5 -promoting pathway is silencing @entity641 by siRNA. By introducing a @entity6224 group at the 5' end of siRNA (ppp-siRNA), gene silencing can be combined with immune activation via the cytosolic helicase @entity1968 -inducible gene I ( @entity29180 ), a ubiquitously expressed receptor recognizing viral RNA. We validated @entity29180 as a therapeutic target by showing that activation of @entity29180 in @entity3123 cells induced @entity14055 phosphorylation, production of type I IFN, the chemokine @entity15369 , as well as @entity7349 -mediated @entity5 cell apoptosis. Next, we generated a bifunctional ppp-siRNA that combines @entity29180 activation with gene silencing of @entity641 (ppp- @entity641 ) and studied its therapeutic efficacy in the orthotopic Panc02 @entity19 model of @entity788 . Intravenous injection of ppp- @entity641 reduced systemic and @entity5 -associated @entity641 levels. In addition, it induced high levels of type I IFN and @entity15369 in serum and @entity5 tissue, systemic immune cell activation, and profound @entity5 cell apoptosis in vivo. Treatment of @entity19 with @entity5 with ppp- @entity641 significantly prolonged survival as compared with ppp-RNA or @entity641 siRNA alone. Furthermore, we observed the recruitment of activated CD8(+) T cells to the @entity5 and a reduced frequency of @entity3804 (+) Gr-1(+) myeloid cells. Therapeutic efficacy was dependent on CD8(+) T cells, whereas natural killer cells were dispensable. In conclusion, combing @entity641 gene silencing with @entity29180 signaling confers potent antitumor efficacy against @entity788 by @entity5 -induced CD8(+) T cell suppression.

title: Therapeutic efficacy of bifunctional siRNA combining @entity641 silencing with XXXX activation in @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'established tumors', 'breaking tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6224 :: ('MESH:C005692', 'Chemical') :: ['triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity29180 :: (230073(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['RIG-I']


abstract: @entity3 and @entity1823 are rare and challenging @entity5 . The @entity5 burden, combined with excessive @entity2922 production, predispose to a broad spectrum of complications that range from @entity1745 to any organ damage, all of which may lead to decreased quality of life and overall survival. Current therapies include surgery, systemic chemotherapy and radiopharmaceutical agents. Surgery is often a preferred therapy because it may cure or allow a long-term remission in @entity1 with locoregional or isolated resectable distant metastases. Additionally, surgery can palliate symptoms related to @entity5 burden or @entity2922 excess. However, in @entity1 for whom surgery is not an option, systemic chemotherapy and radiopharmaceutical agents are preferred options. Systemic chemotherapy and radiopharmaceutical agents such as 131I- @entity7990 (131I-MIBG) may cause partial responses or stabilization of disease with better blood pressure control and symptomatic and performance status improvement. However, as these therapies are only palliative, @entity1 ' quality of life and personal preferences should always be considered. The recognition of molecular pathways involved in the @entity1911 and @entity1823 tumorigenesis has driven the development of new therapeutic options. Agents such as @entity669 kinase, MAPK, @entity10412 , or @entity519 inducible factor inhibitors, alone or in combination, may represent novel therapeutic strategies that could be evaluated in prospective clinical trials. Transcriptional profiling and the development of personalized @entity5 medicine will help to pave the way for more specific therapeutic approaches and combinations.

title: XXXX @entity1911 and @entity1823 : focus on therapeutics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['Metaiodobenzylguanidine']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Findings of large randomised trials have shown that lowering LDL @entity165 with @entity6817 reduces vascular morbidity and mortality rapidly, but limited evidence exists about the long-term efficacy and safety of statin treatment. The aim of the extended follow-up of the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is to assess long-term efficacy and safety of lowering LDL @entity165 with @entity6817 , and here we report cause-specific mortality and major morbidity in the in-trial and post-trial periods. METHODS: 20,536 @entity1 at high risk of vascular and non-vascular outcomes were allocated either 40 mg @entity3413 daily or placebo, using minimised randomisation. Mean in-trial follow-up was 5  3 years (SD 1  2), and post-trial follow-up of surviving @entity1 yielded a mean total duration of 11  0 years (SD 0  6). The primary outcome of the long-term follow-up of @entity299 was first post-randomisation major vascular event, and analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, number 48489393. FINDINGS: During the in-trial period, allocation to @entity3413 yielded an average reduction in LDL @entity165 of 1  0 mmol/L and a proportional decrease in major vascular events of 23% (95% CI 19-28; p<0  0001), with significant divergence each year after the first. During the post-trial period (when @entity6817 use and lipid concentrations were similar in both groups), no further significant reductions were noted in either major vascular events (risk ratio [RR] 0  95 [0  89-1  02]) or vascular mortality (0  98 [0  90-1  07]). During the combined in-trial and post-trial periods, no significant differences were recorded in @entity5 incidence at all sites (0  98 [0  92-1  05]) or any particular site, or in mortality attributed to @entity5 (1  01 [0  92-1  11]) or to non-vascular causes (0  96 [0  89-1  03]). INTERPRETATION: More prolonged LDL-lowering statin treatment produces larger absolute reductions in vascular events. Moreover, even after study treatment stopped in @entity299 , benefits persisted for at least 5 years without any evidence of emerging hazards. These findings provide further support for the prompt initiation and long-term continuation of statin treatment. FUNDING: UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Merck _ Co, Roche @entity2221 .

title: Effects on 11-year mortality and morbidity of lowering LDL XXXX with @entity3413 for about 5 years in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamins']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Protection Study', 'HPS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that continuous exposure throughout gestation until the juvenile period to environmentally relevant doses of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) in the drinking water of MRL+/+ @entity19 promoted adverse behavior associated with @entity2041 depletion in the cerebellum indicating increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to extend our findings and further characterize the impact of @entity4966 exposure on redox homeostasis and biomarkers of oxidative stress in the hippocampus, a brain region prone to oxidative stress. Instead of a continuous exposure, the @entity19 were exposed to water only or two environmentally relevant doses of @entity4966 in the drinking water postnatally from birth until 6 weeks of age. Biomarkers of plasma metabolites in the transsulfuration pathway and the transmethylation pathway of the @entity1853 cycle were also examined. Gene expression of neurotrophins was examined to investigate a possible relationship between oxidative stress, redox imbalance and @entity9139 expression with @entity4966 exposure. Our results show that hippocampi isolated from male @entity19 exposed to @entity4966 showed altered @entity2041 redox homeostasis indicating a more oxidized state. Also observed was a significant, dose dependent increase in @entity2041 precursors. Plasma from the @entity4966 treated @entity19 showed alterations in metabolites in the transsulfuration and transmethylation pathways indicating redox imbalance and altered methylation capacity. @entity6837 , a biomarker of protein oxidative stress, was also significantly higher in plasma and hippocampus of @entity4966 -exposed @entity19 compared to controls. In contrast, expression of key neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus ( @entity9140 , NGF, and NT-3) was significantly reduced compared to controls. Our results demonstrate that low-level postnatal and early life @entity4966 exposure modulates neurotrophin gene expression in the @entity19 hippocampus and may provide a mechanism for @entity4966 -mediated @entity2359 .

title: Postnatal exposure to @entity4965 alters XXXX redox homeostasis, methylation potential, and neurotrophin expression in the @entity19 hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity6837 :: ('CHEBI:44454', 'Chemical') :: ['3-Nitrotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: PURPOSE: A multicenter phase I/II study of transarterial chemoembolization with a fine @entity900 powder and gelatin particles (GPs) for multifocal @entity157 ( @entity157 ) was conducted. Primary endpoints were dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) and recommended dose (RD). Secondary endpoints were the incidence and severity of adverse events and @entity5 response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nonselective transarterial chemoembolization was performed until all @entity5 enhancement disappeared. @entity4831 was not used. In the phase I study, the @entity900 dose was escalated from 35 mg/m(2) to 65 mg/m(2) in 15-mg/m(2) increments to determine DLT and RD. In the phase II study, 40 @entity1 were treated with the RD. @entity137 was assessed by Common @entity137 Criteria for Adverse Effects (version 3.0), and @entity5 response was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST; version 1.0) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 were enrolled. As no DLT occurred at any dose level in the phase I study, RD was determined as 65 mg/m(2). In the phase II study, the treatment was discontinued in one @entity1 as a result of vasovagal response. @entity137 of grade 3 or higher included @entity390 (2.2%), @entity788 (2.2%), @entity2679 (2.2%), @entity882 (8.7%), @entity3638 (2.2%), and increased @entity492 aminotransferase (28.3%) and @entity493 aminotransferase (21.7%) levels. @entity5 response rates under RD were 25.6% and 64.1% by RECIST and EASL criteria, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Nonselective transarterial chemoembolization with fine @entity900 powder and GPs was well tolerated and effective in @entity1 with multifocal @entity157 at the RD of 65 mg/m(2).

title: Phase I/II multicenter study of transarterial chemoembolization with a @entity900 fine powder and porous gelatin particles for unresectable XXXX : Japan Interventional Radiology in Oncology Study Group Study 0401.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery as a local therapy option for @entity188 is a tissue-sparing technique that protects the anal sphincter. The present retrospective analysis reports the course of observation after local excision of @entity652 and @entity189 using transanal endoscopic microsurgery. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis we examined data on 279 @entity1 for local recurrence. A total of 144 @entity1 had a @entity652 (n = 103) or a R0 resection of @entity189 (n = 41). In this collective, we also examined parameters concerning perioperative management, complications, intraoperative @entity190 and duration of hospital stay. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity652 were on average 64.9 (range 37 to 90) years old; 83.5% of the @entity652 were located 3 to 11 cm from the anocutaneous line. In @entity652 @entity1 the recurrence rate was 2.9% for an observation period of 21.8 months. The postoperative course was without any complications in 98.1% of @entity1 . @entity1 with T1 low-risk @entity189 were 64.6 (range 30 to 89) years old. In all cases, an R0 resection could be performed. The recurrence rate was 9.8% for an observation period of 34.4 months. In this group the postoperative course was free of complications in 97.6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The high efficacy of transanal endoscopic microsurgery ensures minimally invasive treatment of @entity652 and @entity189 with low complication rates and a low rate of therapeutic failure.

title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery in treatment of XXXX and @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['T1 low-risk carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'low-risk T1 carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'rectal adenoma', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['rectal adenomas']


abstract: Major controversies still exist with regard to the indication, type and regimen of intravesical therapy for non-muscle-invasive @entity150 . Other areas of controversy are the criteria for response/failure of treatment and for decisions regarding secondary intravesical therapy versus radical cystectomy. In this article, we analyze the different intravesical therapeutic strategies and compare their safety and efficacy. Well-designed clinical trials have found that the addition of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to transurethral resection (TUR) decreases the risk for both disease recurrence and progression. These encouraging results are sustained even in @entity1 with recurrent or @entity146 , including @entity1 whose prior intravesical chemotherapy has failed. Most investigators believe that the efficacy of BCG therapy can be maximized with maintenance therapy. @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), the most commonly used intravesical chemotherapy to date, decreases the risk of disease recurrence but not disease progression when used after TUR compared with TUR alone. The oncologic efficacy of intravesical @entity1139 can be optimized by increasing its concentration in addition to alkalinizing and reducing urine production. For @entity1 at high risk of disease progression, BCG with maintenance therapy should be the preferred primary intravesical therapeutic strategy. However, @entity1139 can be considered as a viable alternative for @entity1 with @entity5 (no @entity2735 ) that are at low or intermediate risk of disease progression. Combination intravesical therapy may be more successful than single-agent strategies. Intravesical therapy failures indicate the need to include radical cystectomy as an option in the management decision.

title: Update on intravesical agents for non-muscle-invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['papillary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: 338 @entity1 with @entity1569 (male: 213, female: 125) who have been treated in our department from 1979 to 1988 answered a questionnaire concerning social and psychological effects of the disease. The mean age of onset was 33 years; 35 years for the male and 29 years for the female. Social and emotional morbidity was present for many @entity1 despite the access to modern treatments. The worst feeling about having @entity1569 was general appearance of the skin (41.7%), itching (19.5%), flaking of the skin (16.9%) and time-consuming or messy treatment programs (13.3%). A large percentage of @entity1 avoided common social activities, for example, communal baths, swimming, and sports. Triggering factors of @entity1569 were climate (60.3%), stress (46.9%), sleeping disturbance (34.6%), irregular life (32.2%), and low humidity (22.5%). 18.6% of @entity1 were affected in choosing the occupation by having @entity1569 . Many @entity1 felt stigmatized as the disease is contagious or genetic. Most of the @entity1 learned @entity1569 through doctors, however, 75.7% of them wanted to get more informations. Finally, since only 26.3% of @entity1 were satisfied with current therapeutics, dermatologists seem to be too self satisfied with present managements. It is important for us to understand what the @entity1 are really suffering from and what the @entity1 really want. And, it also is important to make efforts for a better understanding of @entity1569 in society.

title: [A survey of the social and psychological effects of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 63-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) received treatment with interferon ( @entity3027 )-a for 6 years. After achieving a complete cytogenetic response that was repetitively documented, @entity3027 treatment was stopped. Despite maintenance of a complete cytogenetic response, a progressive rise of the BCR- @entity1861 transcript was detected and loss of major molecular response occurred about 2 years after stopping @entity3027 therapy. Disease remained at molecular level. INVESTIGATIONS: Peripheral blood quantitative real-time PCR every 3 months and periodical bone marrow aspirate were performed to monitor disease. DIAGNOSIS: Chronic-phase, Philadelphia-positive @entity1860 that was still detectable after complete cytogenic response 2 years after cessation of @entity3027 therapy. MANAGEMENT: The @entity1 was treated with a target immune approach receiving a therapeutic vaccine that consisted of an immunogenic 25-mer b2a2 breakpoint-derived peptide (CMLb2a2-25) with binding properties for several HLA-DR molecules. After nine boosts of vaccine the @entity1 developed an adequate b2a2-25 peptide-specific CD4(+) T-cell response and BCR- @entity1861 transcript started to decline in peripheral blood. No hematological or extrahematological effects were documented during therapy. At the last evaluation, 39 months since vaccinations commenced, the @entity1 is in complete molecular response with an undetectable level of BCR- @entity1861 transcript both in peripheral blood and in bone marrow and she continues to receive boosts of vaccine every 3 months as the only treatment.

title: Complete molecular response in XXXX after p210 BCR- @entity1861 -derived peptide vaccination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['CML']


abstract: The present study was designed to analyze in detail the effects of @entity8854 ( @entity4650 ) and its agonists on the release of @entity7438 from arcuate nucleus-median eminence (AN-ME) fragments in vitro. Fragments from adult male @entity35 were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer in the presence of different concentrations of @entity4650 , @entity4176 (KA), @entity1024 ( @entity143 ), and @entity14425 (QA). @entity4650 at 10-20 mM evoked a significant increase in basal @entity7438 release, while @entity27303 at similar concentrations was ineffective. Partial depolarization with 14 mM K+ significantly augmented the release of @entity7438 induced by @entity4650 . @entity4650 -induced @entity7438 release was blunted in a dose-related manner by the specific KA/QA receptor antagonist @entity10639 . Exposure to KA or QA significantly increased @entity7438 release at concentrations (1 mM) much lower than those required for @entity4650 . In the presence of 14 mM K+ the potencies of KA and QA (0.075 and 0.1 mM, respectively) were significantly enhanced. @entity10639 blocked KA-induced @entity7438 release, while AP-7, a competitive @entity143 receptor antagonist, was inactive in preventing @entity4650 - and KA-induced @entity7438 release. @entity7438 secretion from AN-ME fragments was unaffected by @entity143 at concentrations up to 10 mM in the different media tested. A significant stimulatory effect of @entity143 at 20 mM was observed when fragments were incubated in @entity1025 -free medium. These results show the stereoselectivity of @entity4650 to enhance @entity7438 release from AN-ME fragments in vitro. Moreover, in view of the respective potencies of excitatory @entity535 agonists (KA = QA greater than @entity4650 greater than @entity143 ) and the selective antagonism of excitatory @entity535 effects, they provide evidence that non- @entity143 receptors primarily mediate the excitatory actions of @entity4650 on @entity7438 release from nerve terminals in the AN-ME.

title: Glutamate receptors of the non- XXXX type mediate the increase in @entity7438 release by excitatory amino acids in vitro.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity14425 :: ('MESH:D016318', 'Chemical') :: ['quisqualate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10639 :: ('MESH:C056723', 'Chemical') :: ['6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione', '6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione']

entities_list: @entity27303 :: ('CHEBI:29986', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glutamate']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartic acid']


abstract: The centre-surround organisation of receptive fields is a feature of most @entity2479 cells (RGCs) and is critical for spatial discrimination and contrast detection. Although lateral inhibitory processes are known to be important in generating the receptive field surround, the contribution of each of the two synaptic layers in the primate retina remains unclear. Here we studied the spatial organisation of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto ON and OFF ganglion cells in the primate retina. All RGCs showed an increase in excitation in response to stimulus of preferred polarity. Inhibition onto RGCs comprised two types of responses to preferred polarity: some RGCs showed an increase in inhibition whilst others showed @entity6191 . Excitatory inputs were strongly spatially tuned but inhibitory inputs showed more variable organisation: in some neurons they were as strongly tuned as excitation, and in others inhibitory inputs showed no spatial tuning. We targeted one source of inner retinal inhibition by functionally ablating spiking amacrine cells with bath application of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). @entity4524 significantly reduced the spatial tuning of excitatory inputs. In addition, @entity4524 reduced inhibition onto those RGCs where a stimulus of preferred polarity increased inhibition. Reconstruction of the spatial tuning properties by somatic injection of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances verified that @entity4524 -mediated inhibition onto bipolar cells increases the strength of the surround in RGC spiking output. These results indicate that in the primate retina inhibitory mechanisms in the inner plexiform layer sharpen the spatial tuning of ganglion cells.

title: Inner retinal inhibition shapes the receptive field of XXXX cells in primate.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['removal of tonic inhibition']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

answer: @entity2479 :: (MESH:D012173,Disease) :: ['retinal ganglion']


abstract: The antitumor effects of natural @entity1 @entity3027 and mismatched dsRNA against the @entity1 @entity1358 cell line 786-0 were studied both in a clonogenic soft agar assay and in the nude @entity19 . The 786-0 cells were sensitive in vitro to the antiproliferative effects of @entity3027 in a dose-response manner, up to 3000 IRU/ml. These cells were also sensitive, in a dose-dependent manner, to mismatched dsRNA in the clonogenic assay. Mismatched dsRNA was effective in inhibiting @entity5 growth (p less than 0.001) in nude @entity19 xenografts, with regression of the @entity5 mass seen in all animals. A significant increase in survival (p less than 0.001) was seen in the mismatched dsRNA treated group. In contrast, @entity3027 did not inhibit @entity5 growth in vivo, even though significant titers of @entity3027 (greater than 3,000 IRU/ml) were found in the serum shortly after treatment. Mismatched dsRNA did not induce the production of @entity1 IFNs by the @entity5 cells in vitro. Assays of @entity19 @entity3027 induction and their in vitro antigrowth effects indicated that the in vivo antiproliferative effect of mismatched dsRNA was probably not due to potentiation of any direct effects by the induced @entity19 IFNs. @entity5 growth inhibition appeared to occur, at least in part, from the significant augmentation (p less than 0.01) of natural killer cell activity by mismatched dsRNA, as measured in the spleen cells of treated @entity19 . These results suggest that, although both @entity3027 and mismatched dsRNA can be directly antiproliferative against this @entity5 , either the @entity3027 -independent antitumor effects of mismatched dsRNA or the mismatched dsRNA-induced augmentation of the host immune response plays a major role in @entity5 regression. Potentially, both mechanisms may be important in this system.

title: Differential effects of @entity1 natural interferon-alpha and mismatched double-stranded RNA against a @entity1 XXXX xenograft.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: Whether the @entity3449 -angiotensin system is activated during @entity35 gestation is controversial. Therefore we serially assessed plasma @entity3449 activity in unrestrained, chronically instrumented conscious @entity35 during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Plasma @entity3449 activity was 3.26 +/- 0.30, 2.80 +/- 0.31, and 2.70 +/- 0.26 ng.ml-1.hr-1 on gestational days 6, 12, and 20, respectively. When the same @entity35 were studied after delivery, plasma @entity3449 activity was 1.87 +/- 0.29, 1.81 +/- 0.09, and 2.31 +/- 0.35 ng.ml-1.hr-1 on postpartum days 3, 6, and 11, respectively. Levels measured during pregnancy were significantly greater than in the postpartum period (p less than 0.05 or less than 0.01). We then evaluated potential functional consequences of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system in gravid @entity35 . Near term, renal hemodynamics fall from the peak levels of midgestation; we tested whether @entity1808 mediates this apparent vasoconstriction. @entity3371 (1.5 mg/kg, 1.5 mg.kg-1.hr-1) was acutely administered to lower circulating @entity1808 . The drug produced an 80% inhibition of angiotensin I pressor response, a tenfold elevation in plasma @entity3449 activity, but caused the same degree of mild @entity8 in @entity35 whether they were virgin or pregnant. We also tested whether prior occupancy of receptors by endogenous hormone or receptor downregulation mediates the attenuated pressor response to @entity1808 observed during late pregnancy. Acute administration of @entity3371 failed to augment refractory pressor responsiveness. Chronic treatment with enalaprilat (2.0 mg.kg-1.day-1 by osmotic minipump) also did not restore pressor responsiveness. But, in our hands, chronic administration of enalaprilat most likely failed to lower plasma @entity1808 . In summary, we suggest that during @entity35 gestation (1) the @entity3449 -angiotensin system is activated, (2) @entity1808 does not mediate the apparent renal vasoconstriction observed near term, (3) prior receptor occupancy by endogenous hormone is not responsible for the attenuated pressor response to @entity1808 , and (4) long-term treatment with enalaprilat can produce @entity551 without reducing plasma concentrations of @entity1808 .

title: The XXXX -angiotensin system during pregnancy in chronically instrumented, conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure effects of fish oil supplements on lipoprotein subclasses by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in subjects with @entity2175 and relate them to @entity1720 . DESIGN: Two-armed, parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized. SUBJECTS: Normotriglyceridemic subjects with @entity2175 without insulin treatment were given either fish oil (n=12, median intake 5.9 g/day total n-3 @entity1718 (FA) (1.8 g 20:5n-3, 3.0 g 22:6n-3)) or @entity4336 oil (n=14, 8.5 g/day 18:2n-6 FA). METHODS: Size and concentration of lipoproteins subclasses were measured by NMR, @entity1720 by hyperinsulinemic, isoglycemic clamps. RESULTS: After 9 weeks, there were differences between those treated with fish and @entity4336 oil with respect to very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) size (median -15 vs +0.6%, P=0.001), particle concentrations of large VLDL (-99 vs -4.1%, P=0.041) and small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (-12 vs +10%, P=0.051). Compared with @entity4336 oil fish oil tended to increase HDL size and small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration (P=0.063 and 0.068, respectively, for differences between groups). There was no effect on oxidized LDL. Insulin sensitivity ( @entity413 utilization) decreased in the fish oil group compared with the @entity4336 oil group (P=0.049). The @entity1720 did not correlate with the effects on lipoprotein subclasses. CONCLUSIONS: A high intake of n-3 FA exerts effects on several lipoprotein subclasses without obvious influence from changes in @entity1720 .

title: Effects of marine n-3 fatty acid supplementation on lipoprotein subclasses measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in insulin sensitivity', 'insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: For urologists and pathologists one of the two main issues in prostate pathology is the identification of those prognostic factors that could predict the exact outcome of individual @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ). Therefore, the goal is to tailor the therapeutic approach to the clinical, morphological and biological features of each @entity1 . The other issue involves the early detection of @entity263 , preferably in the preinvasive phase, in order to treat the @entity1 efficaciously. For this reason, understanding the biology of preinvasive or precursors lesions has become increasingly important. @entity5436 is only one of these lesions, and the best known to date. The role of others, such as @entity1412 , is considered as worth exploring. @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) represents the putative precancerous end of the morphologic continuum of cellular proliferations within prostatic ducts and acini. Two grades of @entity5436 are identified (low grade and high grade), and high grade @entity5436 is considered the direct precursor of @entity189 . The continuum which culminates in high grade @entity5436 and early invasive @entity5 is characterised by basal cell layer disruption, basement membrane disruption, progressive loss of markers of secretory differentiation, increasing nuclear and @entity854 , increasing proliferative potential, and increasing variation in DNA content ( @entity2007 ). Clinical studies suggest that @entity5436 predates @entity189 by ten years or more, with low grade @entity5436 first emerging in @entity1 in the third decade of life. The clinical importance of recognising @entity5436 is based on its strong association with @entity189 ; its identification in biopsy specimens of the prostate warrants further search for concurrent @entity189 . The issue of precursors of @entity263 has several facets which reflect the multiplicity of patterns and variants of @entity263 . A big step forward in understanding some basic aspects has already been made, especially in relation to @entity5436 . More will be available soon. A large contribution to the management of isolated @entity75 found in prostate biopsies is expected from molecular pathology and quantitation analysis.

title: XXXX : analytical evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PiN lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['nucleolar abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['atypical adenomatous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['PIN', 'Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer']