abstract: @entity4446 (6-MP) maintains remission in pediatric @entity30 ( @entity30 ). @entity500 , a prodrug of @entity7275 , is used for maintenance of remission of @entity30 in Europe. We evaluated to what extent @entity500 is used in newly diagnosed pediatric @entity30 @entity1 and whether maintenance of remission differed between @entity1 using @entity500 or not. Charts of @entity1 (diagnosed 1998-2003, follow-up > or = 18 mo) were reviewed. @entity66 was defined as @entity11618 Activity Index (PCDAI) greater than 10 or systemic corticosteroid use. Remission was defined as PCDAI 10 or less without use of corticosteroids. Eighty-eight @entity1 (55M/33F, age 12 +/- 3 yr) were included. Seventy-two (82%) @entity1 received @entity500 during the follow-up period (38 +/- 17 mo). @entity1 diagnosed after 2000 received @entity500 significantly earlier during the course of disease compared with those diagnosed earlier (median, at 233 vs. 686 days; P < 0.05). At initial presentation, moderate-severe disease activity and prescription of @entity288 were more prevalent in @entity1 using @entity500 compared with nonazathioprine @entity1 (75% vs. 52%; P < 0.05; and 89% vs. 58%; P < 0.005, respectively). Duration of corticosteroid use was longer in @entity1 receiving @entity500 (232 vs. 168 days; P < 0.005). Median maintenance of first remission in @entity1 who initially used corticosteroids, however, was longer in @entity1 receiving @entity500 compared with nonazathioprine @entity1 (PCDAI, 544 vs. 254 days, P = 0.08; corticosteroid free, 575 vs. 259 days, P < 0.05, respectively). We conclude that, since 2000, @entity500 is being introduced earlier in the treatment of newly diagnosed pediatric @entity30 @entity1 . The use of @entity500 is associated with prolonged maintenance of the first remission.

title: @entity500 maintains first remission in newly diagnosed pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Active disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity11618 :: ('MESH:C536215', 'Disease') :: ["Pediatric Crohn's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Mercaptopurine']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 consumption, smoking and weight problems are common risk factors for different health problems. We examine how these risk factors are associated with the use of health care services. METHODS: Data for 6500 individuals in the 25-64 age group came from three cross-sectional postal surveys conducted in 2004, 2006, and 2008 in Estonia. The effect of @entity167 consumption, smoking and weight problems on the use of primary and specialist care services, hospitalizations and ambulance calls was analysed separately for @entity1 and @entity1 by using binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Overweight and/or @entity28 were strongly related to the use of primary care and out- @entity1 specialist services for both genders, and to hospitalizations and ambulance calls for @entity1 . Current smoking was related to ambulance calls for both genders, whereas smoking in the past was related to the use of primary care and specialist services among @entity1 and to hospitalizations among @entity1 . Beer drinking was negatively associated with all types of health care services and similar association was found between wine drinking and hospitalizations. Wine drinking was positively related to specialist visits. The frequent drinking of strong @entity167 led to an increased risk for ambulance calls. Drinking light alcoholic drinks was positively associated with all types of health care services (except ambulance calls) among @entity1 and with the use of specialist services among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and smoking had the largest impact on health care utilization in Estonia. Considering the high prevalence of these behavioural risk factors, health policies should prioritize preventive programs that promote healthy lifestyles in order to decrease the disease burden and to reduce health care costs.

title: XXXX consumption, smoking and overweight as a burden for health care services utilization: a cross-sectional study in Estonia.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effects of an active care protocol that includes isolated lumbar spine strengthening on a @entity1643 @entity1 . CLINICAL FEATURES: A 20-yr-old female college basketball player suffered from a 7-month history of debilitating @entity1643 . Four previous independent physicians expressed diagnostic and therapeutic uncertainty. Bone scan, MRI, nerve conduction study, electromyography, CT, discogram and laboratory evaluation had all failed to identify the etiology of the problem. The @entity1 was forced to discontinue basketball and drop out of college as a result of her spinal problem. Treatment by her prior physicians consisted of analgesics and prolonged bedrest. INTERVENTION AND OUTCOMES: The @entity1 underwent a functional restoration program consisting of isolated lumbar extensor progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on a MedX lumbar instrument, PRE to ancillary musculature, progressive aerobic exercise, static stretching and proprioceptive exercises. She showed a 368% increase in average lumbar isometric strength, 41% increase in isolated lumbar sagittal plane range of motion and decrease in @entity158 . The @entity1 returned to school after 8 wk of care; at 18-month check-up, she remained asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: Functional restoration, even with uncertain diagnosis, can be effective in the resolution of @entity1643 .

title: Isolated lumbar strengthening in the rehabilitation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back and left leg pain', 'chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: @entity13785 ( @entity13785 , @entity13785 ) is a progressive @entity121 caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. This leads to an accumulation of glycogen in various tissues of the body, most notably in skeletal muscle. The disease has an autosomal recessive inheritance with a predicted frequency of 1 :40.000. @entity13785 is a continuous spectrum but for clinical practice different subtypes are recognized. The classic infantile form of the disease occurs in @entity1 (shortly after birth) and is characterized by generalized @entity2421 , @entity177 to thrive, and @entity177 . @entity1 usually die within the first year of life. The non-classic or late-onset form of the disease may occur at any age in childhood or adulthood. It presents predominantly as a slowly progressive @entity121 , with or without @entity1576 . Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is under study as treatment for the disease. The first results with recombinant @entity1 alpha-glucosidase are promising and a registered therapy seems near. Beneficial effects of ERT have been reported both in @entity1 with the classic infantile form as well as in @entity1 with the non-classic or late-onset form of the disease. The best therapeutic results are achieved when ERT is started early in the course of symptom development and before irreversible muscular damage has occurred. Detailed knowledge about the natural course of the disease becomes more and more essential to determine the indication and timing of treatment.

title: XXXX ( @entity13785 ): clinical features and enzyme replacement therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['glycogen storage disease type II', 'acid maltase deficiency', 'Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['failure', 'cardiorespiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic myopathy', 'proximal myopathy']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cyclooxygenases (COX) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of @entity1426 to @entity2918 . @entity2247 , unlike the constitutively expressed @entity9859 , is an inducible enzyme upregulated during cell proliferation and @entity32 . More recently, @entity2247 has been implicated in the development of numerous types of @entity5 . In addition, @entity2247 is highly expressed in several inflammatory diseases. Because of its dual role in @entity32 and @entity5 , we were interested in determining if @entity2247 plays a role in the development of @entity1 @entity259 and @entity2621 , an @entity792 frequently associated with @entity1374 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty paraffin-embedded @entity1 tissue specimens, including normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic thyroid sections, were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for expression of @entity1 @entity2247 . In addition, @entity2247 protein expression was verified by Western blot in two specimens. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of @entity2247 in @entity259 , including @entity1377 . Moreover, @entity2247 expression was observed in @entity1 with @entity2621 . @entity2247 expression, however, was not observed in normal thyroid tissue, @entity1376 , or @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that @entity3840 is expressed in @entity259 and thyroid epithelium from @entity1 with @entity2621 but not in normal thyroid. The expression of @entity2247 in both of these thyroid pathologies may provide a basis for the relationship between @entity105 and @entity792 .

title: XXXX expression in @entity1 @entity259 and @entity2621 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and follicular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1376 :: ('MESH:C564546', 'Disease') :: ['multinodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid epithelial neoplasms', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune condition', 'autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancy']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['Cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: @entity601 is increased by maternal @entity942 , and @entity1 with neural tube defects show a possibly related seasonal variation in date of birth. Since maternal dietary insufficiency may also increase @entity3384 , with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ), we wondered if @entity1 with @entity2419 would also show a seasonal variation in birth date. The multifactorial-threshold model predicts that any such effect would be more apparent in males than females, since @entity2419 is more frequent in males. Month of birth was obtained from records of 598 @entity1 with @entity2419 seen at The Montreal @entity1 's Hospital between 1950 and 1996. @entity1 with syndromes or associated @entity600 were excluded. There was a significant tendency for @entity1 with @entity2419 to be born more often in the summer than in winter. The difference was greater in males than in females. The seasonal fluctuation in month of birth of @entity1 with @entity2419 is consistent with the presence of an environmental factor increasing liability, with a maximal effect in November-December. This might be related, at least in part, to a seasonal fluctuation in maternal nutrition. The data support the prediction that analyzing the data for the sexes separately would amplify the effects of variation in liability for a multifactorial threshold trait that has a different frequency in males and females. This approach could be useful in the study of other gene-environment interactions.

title: Seasonal variation in birth date of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Liability to neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CLP']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['liability to cleft lip']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dietary deficiency']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip']


abstract: The pivotal role of @entity6006 for mesangioproliferative @entity8 is well established. Here, @entity25536 ( @entity25536 ) was identified as a downstream signaling target of @entity6006 . In healthy kidney cells, @entity25536 was located predominantly within the nuclear compartment. Subsequent to @entity6006 infusion and in the course of anti-Thy1.1-induced mesangioproliferative @entity631 , relocalization of @entity25536 into the cytoplasm was observed. In experimental models that lack profound mesangial cell proliferation (e.g., @entity5808 - @entity3450 , passive @entity1310 , spontaneous normotensive @entity9161 , hyperlipidemic @entity2316 ), @entity25536 remained nuclear. This translocation coincided with upregulation of @entity25536 protein levels within the mesangial compartment. Increased @entity25536 expression and subcellular shuttling was dependent on @entity6006 signaling via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway because these alterations were prevented by specific PDGF aptamers and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor @entity5732 . Furthermore, @entity6006 strongly induced @entity25536 expression in vitro. This induction was important because RNAi-dependent knockdown of @entity25536 abolished the mitogenic @entity6006 effect. Taken together, @entity25536 seems to represent a specific and necessary @entity6006 target in mesangioproliferative @entity8 .

title: Y-box protein 1 mediates @entity6006 effects in mesangioproliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['Puromycin']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['Heyman nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity9161 :: ('MESH:D009400', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular disease']


abstract: A @entity17589 complicating @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) has been recognised and designated @entity20281 ( @entity20281 ). @entity4943 is characterised by profound character change and altered social conduct, and @entity51 , reflecting focal degeneration of the frontal and temporal neocortex. The @entity17589 comprises @entity10296 and @entity4218 . The major histological change is typically of microvacuolation of the cerebral cortex, with @entity194 of the bulbar neurones and anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. Ubiquitinated inclusion bodies occur in large pyramidal cortical neurones and in surviving cranial nerve nuclei and anterior horn cells. Evidence is emerging that some @entity1 with classical @entity746 ( @entity746 ), who are thought not to be demented, develop @entity73 in the realm of frontal executive functions. Moreover, frontal @entity75 have been demonstrated by neuroimaging. The findings point to a link between @entity4943 / @entity20281 and cMND/ @entity746 and suggest that a proportion of @entity1 with cMND/ @entity746 go on to develop @entity4943 . @entity1 with cMND/ @entity746 may not be equally vulnerable. The hypothesis is that @entity1 who present with @entity10296 and @entity3949 , rather than corticospinal and corticobulbar features, may be most susceptible to the development of @entity4943 .

title: @entity73 in motor neurone disease/ XXXX ( @entity20281 / @entity746 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10296 :: ('MESH:D010244', 'Disease') :: ['bulbar palsy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lobe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['executive deficits']

entities_list: @entity20281 :: ('MESH:C566288', 'Disease') :: ['MND', 'FTD/motor neurone disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'MND/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuronopathy']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: High dose therapy with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue has been widely used in the past decade for treating aggressive @entity1893 . Recent data in high and intermediate @entity706 were reviewed. Evidence that dose intensity is a critical factor for remission in poor @entity706 has been accumulated, although the impact on survival has not been clearly established through randomized studies. Intensive treatment with @entity236 ( @entity236 ) have been reported in more than 1,000 relapsing @entity1 in non randomized trials. For those who are still sensitive to salvage chemotherapy, at 5 years a 40% probability of disease free survival has been uniformly noted. @entity236 is accepted by most centers as the treatment of choice for relapsing @entity706 . Consequently, very few randomized studies testing @entity236 vs. conventional chemotherapy such as the PARMA protocol are in progress. In @entity1 achieving complete remission, @entity236 has been proposed for consolidation in a group of @entity706 sharing adverse prognostic factors with a high risk of relapse. Results from pilot studies were encouraging. However, interim analysis of the large randomized trial LNH87, did not show at the present time an advantage for @entity236 performed after CR when compared to conventional chemotherapy. Such a strategy should be only proposed in prospective studies. For @entity1 who did not achieve CR after conventional treatment, but who are still sensitive to chemotherapy, @entity236 may improve the results. Pilot studies as well as recent randomized study are in support of this approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in intermediate and high grade XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['autologous bone marrow transplantation', 'ABMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'grade lymphoma', 'prognosis lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a novel home-based screening system for @entity4457 and amblyogenic risk factors. DESIGN: Evaluation of diagnostic test or technology. @entity1 : Two thousand four hundred forty-two preschoolers 3 to 6 years of age from 10 kindergartens randomly selected from Guangzhou participated in the study in 2009. METHODS: Preschoolers were assessed for @entity4457 and amblyogenic risk factors by their parents using the home-based screening system and were re-evaluated by professionals who conducted a comprehensive eye examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and the cost-benefit of the home-based screening system were calculated by comparing the results from the home-assessed model and those from the professional evaluation. RESULTS: Three thousand three hundred @entity1 were invited to participate in the study, and 2308 (1216 @entity1 and 1092 @entity1 ) completed all of the procedures. Twenty-four amblyopes were found by professional examinations. Fifteen of these amblyopes had not been diagnosed previously, and 12 of them were detected by the home-assessment model. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 80.0%, 94.1%, 8.2%, and 99.9%, respectively. Professional examinations cost an average of US  1131.00 per case of @entity4457 detected, whereas the cost was only US  266.00 per case for the home-based method. For amblyogenic factors, 50, 87, and 96 @entity1 were classified into grade I, II, or III according to the professional examinations. The corresponding numbers in the home-based system were 23, 29, and 15, respectively. Accordingly, the true positive rates were 46.0%, 33.3%, and 15.6% for each grade. CONCLUSIONS: The home-based @entity4457 screening system was found to be a simple, effective, and cost-beneficial method for @entity4457 screening and amblyogenic risk factors. The approach offers a practical option for developing areas with large populations. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: Validation and cost-effectiveness of a home-based screening system for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: The M2 protein of the @entity683 virus conducts protons into the virion under external acidic pH. The proton selectivity of the tetrameric channel is controlled by a single @entity3793 (His(37)), whereas channel gating is accomplished by a single @entity2340 (Trp(41)) in the transmembrane domain of the protein. Aromatic interaction between these two functional residues has been previously observed in Raman spectra, but atomic-resolution evidence for this interaction remains scarce. Here we use high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy to determine the side-chain conformation and dynamics of Trp(41) in the M2 transmembrane peptide by measuring the Trp chemical shifts, His(37)-Trp(41) distances, and @entity104 dynamics at high and low pH. The interatomic distances constrain the Trp41 side-chain conformation to trans for   1 and 120-135   for   2. This t90 rotamer points the N  1-C  2-C  2 side of the @entity104 toward the aqueous pore. The precise   1 and   2 angles differ by    20   between high and low pH. These differences, together with the known changes in the helix tilt angle between high and low pH, push the @entity8304 and @entity104 rings closer together at low pH. Moreover, the measured order parameters indicate that the @entity104 rings undergo simultaneous   1 and   2 torsional fluctuations at acidic pH, but only restricted   1 fluctuations at high pH. As a result, the Trp(41) side chain periodically experiences strong cation-   interactions with His(37) at low pH as the @entity104 sweeps through its trajectory, whereas at high pH the @entity104 ring is further away from the @entity8304 . These results provide the structural basis for understanding how the His(37)-water proton exchange rate measured by NMR is reduced to the small proton flux measured in biochemical experiments. The @entity104 dynamics, together with the known motion of the @entity15218 , indicate that this compact ion channel uses economical side-chain dynamics to regulate proton conduction and gating.

title: pH-dependent conformation, dynamics, and aromatic interaction of the gating @entity2340 residue of the XXXX M2 proton channel from solid-state NMR.

entities_list: @entity15218 :: ('CHEBI:50059', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazolium']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: @entity734 is a frequent comorbid condition with other @entity146 including @entity161 and @entity308 . These disorders may share a common substrate at the neurotransmitter or neurocircuit level. One candidate is @entity1887 of the @entity2227 system. Several lines of evidence suggest that @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors may @entity1887 in @entity161 . Thus, @entity143 receptor antagonists are schizophrenogenic; postmortem and imaging results point to reduced @entity143 receptor function in @entity161 brains; a number of genes that have been linked to @entity161 code for proteins that influence @entity143 function; and there is preliminary evidence that pro- @entity143 drugs may be therapeutic in the treatment of @entity161 . One of the most effective therapeutics for the treatment of @entity734 in @entity161 @entity1 is @entity1088 , and @entity1088 may act at the @entity2228 modulatory site to enhance @entity143 receptor function. This preliminary line of evidence may link @entity161 and @entity734 to a common neurochemical base, subnormal @entity143 receptor function. @entity1 with @entity161 and drug abusers similarly show deficits in tasks known to be sensitive to ventromedial prefrontal cortical damage, and both groups show decreased activation in the ventral striatum during reward anticipation in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. These observations implicate common prefrontal cortical-striatal circuits and their modulation by hippocampal projections in @entity161 and @entity734 . Withdrawal from @entity734 and @entity308 both have been linked to changes in the function of several neurotransmitters including @entity750 , @entity935 and @entity2227 . These findings suggest possible common substrates and novel therapeutic approaches. Further studies are needed to fully characterize the neurocircuits and transmitters involved in various @entity146 and their possible common elements in comorbid @entity734 .

title: Comorbidity of @entity734 with other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['Substance abuse', 'drug abuse', 'substance abuse']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biologic products of heterologous sera have been used to treat a variety of conditions. One example is anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG), which is approved for use in the management of renal transplantation and for @entity2150 . As ATG is a product of heterologous sera it has the potential for adverse reactions, including anaphylaxis. @entity1 can be skin tested prior to ATG administration to aid in determining @entity56 status to ATG. OBJECTIVE: To provide case reports to illustrate evaluation for ATG @entity56 . Also, to discuss desensitization procedures for @entity1 who are found to have ATG @entity56 , and yet are to receive the medication as it is judged to be essential. CASE REPORTS: We report four @entity1 who were to receive ATG. The results of skin testing and each @entity1 's response to ATG are reviewed to illustrate problems that can occur in evaluating the @entity56 status of these @entity1 . Further, some @entity1 also underwent ATG desensitization, but none completed the entire protocol successfully. Their outcomes are reviewed to illustrate problems that can occur with the desensitization procedure. CONCLUSION: Anti-thymocyte globulin is a product of heterologous sera and has the potential to produce anaphylaxis. It is recommended that @entity1 be skin tested prior to administration to aid in determining @entity56 status. Those @entity1 who demonstrate @entity56 to ATG should not receive ATG unless it is deemed essential and benefits are judged to outweigh risks. In these circumstances, @entity1 are candidates for ATG desensitization. Complications with desensitization occurred in the cases attempted, and highlights that desensitization to ATG, a xenogeneic protein, carries risk and can be difficult. Physicians involved in such cases should be familiar with interpretation of skin tests and problems that can occur with desensitization.

title: Case reports of evaluation and desensitization for anti-thymocyte globulin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Forest fires are a well-known source of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ). After forest fires, residual ash above a soil layer can be highly contaminated with @entity2556 . However, little is known about the fate of these contaminants, particularly about their susceptibility to be transferred deeper into underlying soil or downstream during rainfall events. In this study, meteorological conditions, organic @entity505 (OC) content, and the 16 US-EPA priority @entity2556 in unburnt control soil, burnt soil, and ash were monitored for 16 months after a forest fire. Whereas the ash was significantly contaminated with @entity2556 , the levels of @entity2556 in the underlying burnt soil were similar to those of the control soil. In the ash bed, the levels of @entity2556 normalized by OC also decreased. Neither @entity2556 nor OC lost from the ash bed was substantially transferred to the underlying soil. Instead, significant amounts of @entity2556 in the ash bed were likely removed by surface runoff. Light @entity2556 were dominantly emitted from the forest fire, but they showed higher decreasing rates with total precipitation. These findings were explained by a conceptual model for the fate of @entity2556 , involving four distinct processes related to precipitation and two states of the ash bed.

title: Understanding the fate of XXXX at a forest fire site using a conceptual model based on field monitoring.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Introduction. There are several @entity1494 that are associated with oxidative stress to the urinary bladder. Two experimental models are known to cause this type of @entity1494 . The first is direct oxidative damage caused by @entity273 ( @entity274 ). The second is oxidative damage caused by @entity63 followed by reperfusion (I/R). The specific aim of this study is to directly compare these two models of oxidative stress. Methods. Six adult female NZW @entity95 were divided into two groups of three @entity95 each. Eight full thickness strips from three @entity95 bladders were taken for in vitro @entity63 /reperfusion physiological analysis, while eight strips from three @entity95 bladders were taken for in vitro @entity274 physiological analysis. All tissue was analyzed for total antioxidant activity (AA) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels. In addition, samples of the water baths were also analyzed for AA. Results. In vitro I/R reduced the response to field stimulation (FS) to a significantly greater extent than the inhibition of the response to @entity5402 . In vitro @entity274 decreased all responses to approximately the same degree. Total AA levels at higher concentrations of @entity274 for all bath fluids were significantly higher than controls. @entity1865 levels were significantly elevated in both models of oxidative stress.

title: The effect of in vitro oxidative stress on the female XXXX bladder contractile response and antioxidant levels.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunctions', 'bladder damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIM: To analyze the clinical characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity20513 . METHODS: The clinical courses of @entity1 that visited St. Mary's Hospital with @entity490 from January 2005 to December 2006 and were diagnosed with @entity20513 were examined. RESULTS: @entity20513 was identified in 22 female @entity1 of childbearing age; their mean age was 31.0+/-8.1 years. Fourteen of these cases presented with @entity158 in the upper right abdomen alone or together with @entity158 in the lower abdomen, and six @entity1 presented with @entity158 only in the lower abdomen. The first impression at the time of visit was acute @entity2679 or @entity255 in 10 @entity1 and @entity697 or pelvic @entity32 in eight @entity1 . Twenty-one @entity1 were diagnosed by abdominal computer tomography (CT), and the results of abdominal sonography were normal for 10 of these @entity1 . @entity1047 trichomatis was isolated from 18 @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent laparoscopic adhesiotomy and 20 @entity1 were completely cured by antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 of childbearing age with acute @entity158 in the upper right abdomen alone or together with @entity158 in the lower abdomen, @entity20513 should be considered during differential diagnosis. Moreover, in cases suspected to be @entity20513 , abdominal CT, rather than abdominal sonography, assists in the diagnosis.

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX mimicking @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity20513 :: ('MESH:C537936', 'Disease') :: ['Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity20513 :: (MESH:C537936,Disease) :: ['Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome']


abstract: @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) progenitor cells have been shown to be defective in their ability to adhere to @entity236 . It was the aim of the present study to investigate at the cytogenetic level marrow-derived @entity1860 clonogenic cells fractionated on the basis of their ability to adhere to preformed, allogeneic, normal marrow-derived stromal layers. Mononuclear marrow cells from @entity1860 @entity1 (n = 15) were incubated with @entity7770 (100 micrograms/ml) or control medium, seeded onto marrow stromal layers and allowed to adhere (3 hrs, 37 degrees C). Following a short-term liquid culture, the different cell fractions were harvested and incorporated in methylcellulose cultures. CFU-GM grown from these cultures were analyzed by single colony karyotyping. On direct cytogenetic analysis, the overall mean (+/- SD) percentage of Ph-negative metaphases was 7 +/- 20%. Following stroma adherence and shortterm suspension culture, the mean (+/- SD) percentages of Ph-negative clones were as follows: 33 +/- 25% for adherent CFU-GM, 59 +/- 40% for adherent, @entity7770 -treated CFU-GM, 12 +/- 16% for non-adherent CFU-GM, and 32 +/- 26% for non-adherent- @entity7770 -treated CFU-GM. If only the @entity1 showing a percentage of Ph-negative clones > or = 20% were included in this analysis, the mean (+/- SD) percentages of Ph-negative clones were 47 +/- 19% for adherent CFU-GM, and 81 +/- 21% for adherent- @entity7770 -treated CFU-GM. In contrast, the majority of pH-positive CFU-GM were detected within the stroma non-adherent cell fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fractionation of chronic myelogenous leukemia marrow cells by stroma adherence: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity7770 :: ('MESH:C048341', 'Chemical') :: ['mafosfamide', 'Mafosfamide']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow purging']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate changes in measures of frequency of general @entity167 and beverage-specific @entity167 drinking in eastern and western Germany between 1991 and 1998. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity1 : Data come from two nationally representative health surveys, one conducted in 1991/1992 and the other in 1998. The earlier sample comprises two separate surveys, a 1991 western German survey (n = 5255) and a 1992 eastern German survey (n = 2211); the sample from 1998 contains information from 5463 @entity1 . The two 1991/1992 samples were merged to produce a single data set, comprising 7466 cases. The 1998 sample was limited to @entity1 aged 25-69 years, the age range of the 1991/1992 surveys. MEASUREMENTS: The surveys included measures of current drinking, current beverage-specific drinking, weekly drinking, daily drinking, heavy drinking and mean amount consumed per day. FINDINGS: The prevalence of almost all measures of drinking frequency declined in both regions of Germany and for both genders. Decreases were larger in the East and especially for frequency of current spirits drinking and daily drinking. Despite the decreases, western @entity1 consistently consumed at higher levels than eastern @entity1 , as did eastern @entity1 in relation to western @entity1 . Moreover, gender and regional differences within the country decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Overall frequency of consumption has declined in Germany in the 1990s and drinking behaviour in the two regions has become more similar.

title: Developments in XXXX consumption in reunited Germany.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: @entity82 is an abnormal response to organ injury, characterized by accumulation of activated fibroblasts at the sites of injury. Fibroblasts arise from several sources, including resident fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes that infiltrate organ tissue. Recently, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized as a source of mesenchymal cells. EMT is induced by various growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1, and enhanced by inflammatory cytokines. Recently the @entity5 @entity39 factor superfamily member LIGHT has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity32 and airway remodeling in severe @entity565 . We hypothesized that LIGHT might contribute to the pathogenesis of airway @entity82 via enhancement of EMT. Therefore, we investigated LIGHT's ability to induce EMT. A549 cells were stimulated with LIGHT, @entity2533 or both for 48h. To estimate EMT, we evaluated the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers using immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR. Signaling pathways for EMT were characterized by Western analysis to detect phosphorylation of @entity1366 and @entity2536 . LIGHT enhanced @entity2533 -induced EMT both morphologically, by suppressing @entity5962 and enhancing @entity2277 , and functionally, by enhancing cell contractility. Additionally, LIGHT induced EMT without @entity2533 . Evaluation of the mechanism showed that LIGHT did not induce @entity2533 production or affect the smad-snai1 pathway. Inhibition of @entity1366 phosphorylation reduced LIGHT-induced EMT, indicating the @entity1366 pathway to be a key pathway in LIGHT-induced EMT. In summary, LIGHT enhanced @entity2533 -induced EMT but also induced EMT via the @entity1366 pathway by itself, without @entity2533 signaling. LIGHT may contribute to the pathogenesis of airway @entity82 through enhancement of EMT.

title: Tumor XXXX factor superfamily member LIGHT induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 human alveolar epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: Dysfunctional bladders in paediatric @entity1 were thought to be a contraindication for renal transplantation, but advances in surgical techniques have meant that surgical correction can allow safe transplantation. This study compares the outcomes of renal transplantation for different interventions, and the timing of such interventions, in relation to transplantation. We identified all @entity8 with LUTD that received intervention for their @entity1494 at two hospitals between 2002 and 2010. Outcome measures included @entity1 and graft survival, perioperative complications, UTI incidence, acute rejection episodes and serum @entity1011 levels. A total of 288 allografts were transplanted, 77 were in 75 @entity1 with LUTD, of which 46 received intervention. @entity1 survival was 100% in the intervention group and 97% in the nonintervention group (P  =  0.815). Death-censored graft survival was 96% and 100% respectively (P  =  0.688). In the groups receiving intervention pretransplant or post-transplant, graft survival rates were 95% and 100% respectively (P  =  0.476). The follow-up serum @entity1011 levels were higher in the pretransplant intervention group (P  <  0.001). Interventions for dysfunctional bladders can be performed safely in @entity8 . The mode of intervention and timing of intervention, in relation to transplant, do not influence outcomes if guided by careful assessment and investigation.

title: Interventions for XXXX in @entity8 with lower urinary tract dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['paediatric renal transplant recipients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['impaired bladders']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['impaired bladders']


abstract: The present study evaluates @entity64 -prone spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRSP) as an animal model of a @entity245 , which is diagnosed according to @entity2915 . To characterize behavioural alterations, we studied motor activity, as well as emotional and cognitive behaviours in juvenile SHRSP, with and without @entity2727 , a psychostimulant. Ambulatory and rearing activities in the open-field environment were significantly higher in SHRSP than in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). In the elevated plus maze task, the entries into open arms, as an index of impulsivity, were significantly increased in SHRSP. In the Y-maze task, spontaneous alternation behaviour, as an index of attention, was significantly lowered in the male SHRSP, but not in the female SHRSP, indicating that spontaneous alternation deficit is gender specific. @entity2727 (0.01-1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly @entity2915 at low doses and dose-dependently improved the spontaneous alternation deficit in SHRSP. Our findings reveal that juvenile SHRSP manifest problematic behaviours resembling a @entity245 , @entity71 ( @entity71 ), @entity2915 . @entity2727 alleviated the behavioural symptoms of @entity2915 and inattention. We propose that juvenile SHRSP are an appropriate animal model of a @entity245 resembling @entity71 , from behavioural and pharmacological perspectives.

title: Behavioural and pharmacological relevance of @entity64 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity35 as an animal model of a @entity245 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder', 'ADHD']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['namely hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention', 'attenuated locomotor hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity', 'hyperactivity-impulsivity and/or inattention']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the theory of brain opioid activity disregulation in @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ) and to discover the changes of central @entity4545 activity during the menstrual cycle in @entity3010 @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University-based @entity3010 clinic. @entity1 : All the @entity1 and controls were between 20 and 45 years of age, with regular menses for at least six previous cycles. All the @entity1 demonstrated at least 30% score increase in designated symptoms on the Visual Linear Analog Scale during the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. In contrast, the score changes in the controls were < 30%. INTERVENTIONS: All subjects underwent LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) stimulation test on days 2 to 3 of the cycle. Five @entity1510 infusions were administered on days 7 to 8 and 10 to 11, 1 day, 3 to 4 days, and 12 to 13 days after the LH surge as detected by the ovulation prediction kit. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Luteinizing Hormone levels were recorded for 1 hour, followed by @entity1510 infusion at 2 mg/h for 4 hours. Blood samples were collected for LH tests every 15 minutes for 1 hour before, during, and for 1 hour after the infusion. RESULTS: All subjects had similar LH response to LH-RH. The integrated area of LH response to @entity1510 as expressed by percentage of the baseline on each of the 5 days did not show significant differences between the @entity1 and the controls. CONCLUSIONS: The central @entity4545 changes, if any, in @entity3010 @entity1 could not be demonstrated in our study.

title: Effect of XXXX on luteinizing hormone secretion in @entity3010 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: Neurons of the cochlear ganglion are endowed with a set of voltage-gated ion channels that enable them to encode and transmit sound information from the cochlear receptors to the brain. The temporal expression pattern of the K+ currents in @entity1573 cochlear ganglion neurons during embryonic development was analyzed using whole-cell voltage clamp techniques. In acutely isolated neurons, slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ currents appear at embryonic day 7 (E7) and increase in amplitude during development. A fast activating, fast inactivating K+ current of the A type is first expressed at E10, increasing in amplitude thereafter. To investigate the possible role of neurotrophins in the induction of these K+ channels, neurons were grown in culture in the presence or absence of @entity19600 ( @entity19600 ) or @entity37509 ( @entity37509 ). Neurons isolated at E8 and grown in culture for 1 day exhibit a high expression of A-current, together with the outgrowth of neurites. A-currents are not seen in acutely dissociated neurons from age-matched embryos (E9) which lack neurites, cut off by the isolation procedure. This suggests a preferential neuritic location of the channels carrying the A-current. However, the level of expression of the K+ currents was independent of @entity19600 or @entity37509 application. Similarly, neurons isolated at E10 and grown in culture for up to 4 days maintain the amplitude of the K+ currents independently of the presence of the neurotrophins. These results indicate that @entity19600 and @entity37509 may not directly regulate the expression of K+ channels in @entity1573 cochlear ganglion neurons. The notable expression of the fast inactivating A-current suggests that it plays a significant role in the modulation of synaptic efficacy and the encoding of auditory stimuli.

title: Development of a fast transient potassium current in XXXX cochlear ganglion neurons.

entities_list: @entity19600 :: ('396186(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Inhaled @entity842 (NO) has been used in the preoperative evaluation of @entity1 with @entity299 and @entity120 . The purpose of this study was to characterize responses in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to @entity26 and increasing doses of NO during cardiac catheterization and to determine if any related factors affect the response of the pulmonary vascular bed to NO. A prospective analysis of 42 @entity1 (median age, 3.0 years) with @entity299 and @entity120 who underwent NO testing was performed. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and PVR were assessed in room air, 100% @entity26 , and @entity26 plus 20, 40, and 80 parts per million (ppm) NO. Changes in pulmonary artery pressure, PVR, and SVR were assessed. The response to NO was then correlated to individual @entity1 's age, gender, type of @entity299 , the presence of trisomy 21, and baseline PVR/SVR. There was a greater decrease in PVR and PVR/SVR with 20 ppm NO than with @entity26 alone. There was no additional decrease at 40 or 80 ppm NO. There was no correlation between age, gender, type of @entity299 , and baseline PVR/SVR ratio with the degree of response to NO. @entity1 with trisomy 21 had less of a response to NO (p = 0.017) than @entity1 without trisomy 21. There is no difference in determining PVR response with doses of NO beyond 20 ppm during cardiac catheterization. Age, gender, and baseline PVR/SVR ratio are not associated with responsiveness to NO. @entity1 with trisomy 21 may be less responsive to NO.

title: XXXX in the evaluation of @entity299 with @entity120 : factors related to @entity842 response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'heart defect']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: This work explores the advantages of a @entity245 ( @entity245 ) approach for the design and analysis of antiretroviral phase II trials. Two different study settings were investigated: (1) a 5-arm placebo-controlled parallel group dose-finding/proof of concept (POC) study and (2) a comparison of investigational drug and competitor. Studies were simulated using a @entity2858 dynamics model in NONMEM. The Monte-Carlo Mapped Power method determined the sample size required for detecting a dose-response relationship and a significant difference in effect compared to the competitor using a @entity245 approach. Stochastic simulation and re-estimation were used for evaluation of model parameter precision and bias given different sample sizes. Results were compared to those from an unpaired, two-sided t test and ANOVA (p   <=  0.05). In all scenarios, the @entity245 approach resulted in smaller study sizes and more precisely estimated treatment effect than conventional statistical analysis. Using a @entity245 approach, a sample size of 15 @entity1 could be used to show POC and estimate ED50 with a good precision (relative standard error, 25.7  %). A sample size of 10 @entity1 per arm was needed using the @entity245 approach for detecting a difference in treatment effect of >= 20  % at 80  % power, a 3.4-fold reduction in sample size compared to a t test. The @entity245 approach can be used to achieve more precise dose-response characterization facilitating decision making and dose selection. If necessitated, the sample size needed to reach a desired power can potentially be reduced compared to traditional statistical analyses. This may allow for comparison against competitors already in early clinical studies.

title: Model based design and analysis of phase II XXXX trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['MBDD', 'model based drug development']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: Feline vaccine associated @entity1492 are the second most common @entity1489 in @entity468 . Methods of treatment are: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Nevertheless, the usage of cytostatics in feline vaccine associated @entity242 therapy is limited due to their adverse side effects, high @entity137 and low biodistribution after i.v. injection. Therefore, much research on new therapeutic drugs is being conducted. In @entity1 medicine, the @entity1573 embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is used as a cheap and easy to perform assay to assess new drug effectiveness in @entity5 treatment. Various @entity1 cell lines have different @entity5 growth on CAM. In veterinary medicine such model has not been described yet. In the present article derivation of feline vaccine associated @entity1492 cell line and its growth on CAM is described. The cell line and the @entity5 grown were confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. As far as we believe, this is the first attempt to create such model, which may be used for further in vivo studies in veterinary oncology.

title: Derivation of feline vaccine-associated XXXX cell line and its growth on @entity1573 embryo chorioallantoic membrane - a new in vivo model for veterinary oncological studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas', 'fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Meals high in protein induce greater intermeal satiety than meals high in fat and @entity3363 . We studied the gut hormone response and subsequent food intake after breakfasts high in protein, @entity1735 or high in fat controlled for volume, calories and appearance. DESIGN AND METHODS: Eight healthy volunteers participated in this randomized three-way crossover study. Study breakfasts were calculated to provide 20% of daily energy requirements and provided either 60% of energy from protein, fat or @entity1735 . Blood was drawn half-hourly for 4 h; energy intake at a subsequent ad libitum meal was measured. RESULTS: Total ghrelin decreased after food intake equally with the three breakfasts. @entity1942 levels were highest after the high protein breakfast (P = 0.005). Indeed, @entity1942 at 240 min was highest after the high protein breakfast compared to the high fat breakfast and to the high @entity1735 breakfast (P = 0.011 and P = 0.012, respectively). @entity6757 levels were highest after the high protein breakfast (P = 0.041) at 120 min and remained higher throughout the study. These differences in gut hormones did not translate into differences in food intake (1023    390 kcal after high protein, 1016    388 kcal after high fat and 1158    433 kcal after high @entity1735 ). CONCLUSION: We conclude that a high protein meal increases circulating concentrations of the gut hormones @entity1942 and @entity6757 , but when meals are matched for volume, appearance and caloric value, these gut hormone changes do not translate into a reduction in ad libitum food intake.

title: High protein intake stimulates postprandial XXXX and @entity1942 release.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity6757 :: (100125288,Gene) :: ['GLP1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) is a technique used in @entity1 with difficult airways. This study compares the suitability of @entity1937 target-controlled infusion (TCI) to @entity1875 TCI for conscious sedation during AFOI in @entity1 with bona fide difficult airways. METHODS: We recruited 24, ASA I-III @entity1 , who were undergoing sedation for elective AFOI. @entity1 were randomized to one of the two groups, Group P (n=10) received @entity1875 TCI and Group R (n=14) received @entity1937 TCI. Primary outcome measures were conditions achieved at endoscopy, intubation, and post-intubation, which were graded using scoring systems. Other parameters measured were the endoscopy time, intubation time, and number of attempts at intubation. A postoperative interview was conducted to determine recall of events and level of @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: Endoscopy scores (0-5) and intubation scores (0-5) were significantly different [Group P 3 (1-4) vs Group R 1 (0-3) P<0.0001, Group P 3 (2-4) vs Group R 1 (0-3) P<0.0001, respectively]; with much better conditions in Group R, endoscopy times and intubation times were also significantly different, being shorter in Group R (P<0.007 and P<0.023, respectively). @entity1 tolerance of the procedure, judged by the discomfort scores (P<0.004) and the post-intubation scores (P<0.08), was significantly better in Group R. The level of recall for events was higher in Group R. However, there were no significant differences in the @entity1 satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1937 TCI appears to provide better conditions for AFOI when compared with @entity1875 TCI. The disadvantage of @entity1937 in this setting may be a higher incidence of recall.

title: @entity1937 target-controlled infusion vs XXXX target-controlled infusion for conscious sedation for awake fibreoptic intubation: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil', 'Remifentanil']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: Prior to the advent of @entity1943 conservative therapy for @entity3472 , treatment included intravenous nutritional therapy with nothing per mouth and therapeutic agents to diminish pancreatic secretions. None of these modalities were uniformly successful. A prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of a long-acting @entity1943 analogue ( @entity2390 ) was carried out. 18 @entity1 -10 with @entity788 and 8 with external @entity3472 -were treated. The @entity843 resolved in 9 of 10 @entity1 in a mean period of 22 days (+/- 3 days). The external fistulas were all high output fistulas and resolved in 7 of 8 @entity1 . Mean period for closure was 23 days. There were no side effects associated with @entity2390 . @entity2390 has made a major impact on the conservative treatment of @entity788 and is an important adjunct to the management of external @entity3472 . It is emphasised however that surgery may be required for the underlying @entity660 . In this regard close surveillance of these @entity1 is necessary.

title: Treatment of XXXX with a long-acting @entity1943 analogue ( @entity2390 ).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ascites']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic ascites and external pancreatic fistulas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic role of Doppler echocardiography in @entity3822 . BACKGROUND: It has been observed that @entity1 with @entity3822 have a characteristic Doppler pattern of respiratory variation in ventricular filling and central venous flow velocities. However, the observation was based on a small number of @entity1 with known diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed the echocardiographic features of 28 @entity1 (21 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD 55 +/- 15 years) with suspected @entity3822 who underwent exploratory thoracotomy or pericardiectomy. RESULTS: At operation, @entity3822 was diagnosed in 25 @entity1 , restriction in 1 and normal pericardium in 2. Of the 25 @entity1 with constriction, correct preoperative Doppler diagnosis was made in 22 (88%) and Doppler echocardiography showed restriction in 3. In two @entity1 with a normal pericardium, Doppler features were consistent with constriction in one @entity1 and were normal in the other. In the one @entity1 with restriction, Doppler echocardiography showed restriction. In 19 @entity1 with surgically proved constriction, repeat Doppler study after pericardiectomy showed normal findings in 14 and restriction in 5. Twelve of the 14 @entity1 with normalized Doppler findings became asymptomatic, whereas all 5 with restrictive Doppler features remained symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: Doppler echocardiography performed simultaneously with respiratory recording is highly sensitive for diagnosing @entity3822 , and it appears to predict functional response to pericardiectomy.

title: Diagnostic role of Doppler echocardiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3822 :: ('MESH:D010494', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive pericarditis']

answer: @entity3822 :: (MESH:D010494,Disease) :: ['constrictive pericarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute central nervous system (CNS) @entity281 , such as @entity693 and @entity198 , are @entity16 for which accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment improve the outcome. Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained at lumbar puncture (LP) is pivotal to establishing the diagnosis and guiding management. PCR analysis of the CSF is an important method to identify the pathogen. However, recent studies have demonstrated that many @entity1 have inadequate CSF sample collection and analysis. AIMS: To increase the proportion of @entity1 having an LP for a suspected CNS @entity281 for whom the appropriate samples are taken. Secondary aims included to increase the proportion of @entity1 for whom a pathogen was identified. METHODS: The authors developed an LP pack for @entity1 with a suspected CNS @entity281 . They also assessed its impact on diagnosis by comparing practice 6 months before and after its introduction to the medical admissions unit of a large inner city teaching hospital. RESULTS: The authors found that the LP pack reduced major errors in CSF sample collection and improved the diagnosis of @entity4767 ; among those @entity1 who had a CSF pleocytosis, the proportion with a viral or bacterial pathogen identified by PCR was increased after introduction of the pack. DISCUSSION: This study has demonstrated that the introduction of a simple low-cost LP pack into a busy acute medical setting can improve the diagnosis of CNS @entity281 and, thus, guide treatment. Further work is needed to see if these results are more widely reproducible, and to examine the clinical, health and economic impact on overall management of @entity1 with suspected CNS @entity281 .

title: Improving the diagnosis of XXXX in adults through introduction of a simple lumbar puncture pack.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['acute CNS infections']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological emergencies']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity4767 :: (MESH:D002494,Disease) :: ['central nervous system infections']


abstract: A series of 6 cases with primary @entity706 of aggressive histologic type ( @entity706 ) is presented. Two @entity1 had previous diagnosis of chronic @entity1374 and one also had @entity31 . The Ann Arbor stage was I-E in 2 @entity1 and II-E in four. LDH level was high in four @entity1 and three had criteria of bulky disease. All developed compressive symptoms. As primary therapy 3 @entity1 received polychemotherapy (ProMACE-CytaBOM). The remaining underwent surgery prior to cytostatic treatment. In the three @entity1 with large tumoral volume complementary radiotherapy was also carried out. Five @entity1 had rapid complete remission with chemotherapy and the other achieved partial response of 75% (had complete remission upon termination of radiotherapy). Five are alive without disease at 87, 47, 25, 23 and 16 months of the onset of treatment. One @entity1 died due to @entity385 after the fourth cycle. Polychemotherapy is a good therapeutic option for primary @entity706 with unfavourable prognostic factors.

title: [Primary large cell XXXX . Report of 6 cases treated with chemotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid lymphoma', 'large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytary thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['thyroid lymphoma']


abstract: This study was initiated to assess the validity of the traditional view that superior @entity4264 (SVCS) is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment without necessarily obtaining a tissue diagnosis. A retrospective review of 6504 @entity1 diagnosed to have @entity2 and treated at the Queensland Radium Institute between 1979 and 1991 was performed. From this group, 249 @entity1 with well-documented SVCS treated with radiotherapy were identified. An analysis with respect to duration of symptoms, time to treatment, degree of response and overall survival was performed. Although @entity204 did occur in this series due to associated @entity3885 , @entity204 due to venous compression per se were not seen. The response to radiotherapy was generally poor, with only 19% of @entity1 achieving a complete resolution of their symptoms and signs while 30% of @entity1 had no demonstrable response. The overall survival of @entity1 in the study group was 5% at two years. @entity1 demonstrating a complete or partial response to treatment survived significantly longer than @entity1 who did not respond at all. The median survival for complete responders was 6 months while for non-responders it was 1 month. Although 71% of @entity1 had commenced radiotherapy within 24 h of presentation, many @entity1 had been experiencing symptoms or signs of SVCS for quite some time. Only 29% of @entity1 had experienced symptoms for 7 days or less while 49% of the study group had experienced symptoms for over 2 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induced by bronchogenic carcinoma: is this an oncological emergency?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['vena cava syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal obstruction']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['Superior vena cava syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity134 periradicular infiltration is a common nonsurgical sciatic @entity158 treatment of inconsistent efficacy. The purpose of this study was to identify factors for predicting the efficacy or failure of this procedure. METHODS: Two hundred twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity614 were prospectively followed up at 2 weeks and 1 year after percutaneous periradicular steroid infiltration. The intensity of @entity158 was scored on the visual analog scale (VAS). @entity158 relief was classified as "excellent" when the @entity158 was completely resolved or had diminished by 75% or more, "good" for a diminution of 50% to 74%, "fair" for a diminution of 25% to 49%, or "poor" for a diminution of less than 25% or an increase in @entity158 . RESULTS: The mean VAS scores were 6.5 (range, 3.1-9.5) before and 4.2 (range, 0-9.5) 2 weeks after the procedure. @entity158 relief was graded as excellent in 45 @entity1 (19.7%), good in 48 @entity1 (21%), fair in 45 @entity1 (19.7%), and poor in 91 @entity1 (39.7%). Cause of @entity158 , conflict location, and @entity158 intensity were not predictive factors of @entity158 relief, whereas the symptom duration before the procedure was highly correlated with the @entity158 relief outcome. @entity1 with excellent results 2 weeks after the procedure had a mean duration of symptoms of 3.04 months (SD 3.28) versus 7.96 months (DS 9.04) in the group with poor @entity158 relief. CONCLUSIONS: Periradicular infiltration is a simple, safe, and effective nonsurgical procedure that should be performed quite early in the course of the illness to provide @entity158 relief, because corticosteroid infiltration is less beneficial for @entity1 with more chronic @entity158 .

title: Predictive factors of efficacy of periradicular corticosteroid injections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'radicular pain']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['lumbar radiculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Three different intestinal @entity254 were compared during reconstructive urologic surgery; time, cost and incidence of complications were evaluated. METHODS: From November 1993 to February 1997, 45 @entity1 (43 males and 2 females) were submitted to ileal resection to fashion 30 ileal neobladder, 8 ileal conduits and 7 augmentation ileocystoplasties. The @entity1 were randomized in 3 groups. In the first group the intestinal continuity was performed by BAR; the second one was treated by GIA stapling device; the last underwent a manual suture with interrupted stitches double layer (vicryl). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 18 months. The mean time of canalization was 6.3 days. The complications were: one intestinal subocclusion (group 1); one @entity2737 (group 2); one @entity834 and one @entity1151 (group 3). The mean time of @entity254 was 18, 12 and 39 minutes respectively. The average total cost was 915,000 lire in group 1; 1,280,000 lire in group 2; 632,000 lire in group 3. CONCLUSIONS: The conclusion is drawn that mechanical devices (BAR and stapler) are more convenient and advisable in reconstructive urologic surgery, for their quickness, effectiveness and final total cost.

title: [Intestinal XXXX in urology. Comparison of techniques].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal wound infection']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among other factors, @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is linked with the development of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) after transplantation. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of different @entity870 regimens on @entity453 after @entity35 heart transplantation. METHODS: After heterotopic cardiac transplantation (Lewis to Fisher), animals were treated with 3 or 12 mg/kg per day of @entity870 , administered subcutaneously. The control group received no therapy. @entity870 blood levels were determined every 10 days. Twenty and 80 days after grafting, the incidence of @entity453 was determined and the extent of @entity453 was assessed as mean vessel occlusion (mvo). RESULTS: In the 12-mg group, @entity870 levels were nearly 10-fold higher than in the 3-mg group. Only in the 12-mg @entity870 group was the incidence of @entity453 significantly reduced at Days 20 and 80 when compared with controls. Continuous therapy with 3 mg and 12 mg of @entity870 significantly reduced the mvo at Days 20 and 80 when compared with control animals (p <.05). However, comparing the two dosages, there were no significant differences. When the 20-day-limited course of @entity870 application was used we did not observe significant differences in mvo at Day 80 upon comparison of 3-mg and 12-mg @entity870 treatment versus untreated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the excessive increase in @entity870 blood levels we observed neither a further reduction nor an increase of @entity453 in the high-dose group compared with the low-dose group. Therefore, @entity870 did not enhance the development of chronic rejection in this experiment.

title: @entity205 does not enhance the development of XXXX : experimental study in a @entity35 cardiac transplant model.

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated coronary artery disease', 'ACAD']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['accelerated coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The histologic distinction of uterine @entity2909 from @entity1822 is difficult. Ploidy analysis and measurement of the proliferative rate were examined to determine if they could distinguish malignant from @entity5 and if they were independent prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: @entity982 -embedded blocks were recut and prepared for flow cytometry with the technique of Hedley. Mitotic counts and @entity5 grading were performed on an adjacent @entity1710 and @entity1711 -stained section. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi 2 life-table, and Cox model analysis. RESULTS: There were 33 @entity1 with deoxyribonucleic acid histograms that were acceptable for analysis. Fourteen @entity5 were diploid and 19 were @entity2007 . There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the @entity1 with @entity5 and those with @entity5 . @entity5 were more likely to have cellular atypia (p = 0.085). There was a strong correlation between the percentage of cells in the S phase and the mitotic count (p = 0.0001). Increasing mitotic count, increasing S phase, presence of extrauterine disease, and postmenopausal status were all adverse prognostic factors. However, when multivariant analysis with a Cox model was used, only S phase and presence of extrauterine disease were adverse factors. @entity5 have a better overall survival (p = 0.0658) but a similar disease-free survival. In those @entity1 who ultimately have relapses, @entity5 have a significantly longer interval from relapse to @entity204 (p = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS: Neither ploidy analysis nor measurement of the proliferative rate will distinguish a benign from a malignant course in an individual @entity1 ; however, ploidy is predictive of survival from time of disease progression and proliferative rate is the strongest predictor of overall survival. The time-proven reliability of mitotic count in the diagnosis of smooth @entity11090 reflects its ability to predict proliferative rate.

title: Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis by flow cytometry of uterine XXXX and smooth @entity11090 of uncertain malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Diploid tumors', 'benign tumors', 'diploid tumors', 'Aneuploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['benign leiomyomas']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review routine @entity5173 in @entity1152 with @entity4501 ( @entity4501 ). METHODS: The charts of 52 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4501 between 1987 and 1997 were reviewed. Data collected included gestational age, birth weight, associated @entity154 , respiratory status, operative technique and timing, size of gap, tension on the @entity254 , complications related to the drain, and esophageal anastomotic leak (incidence, diagnosis, and treatment). RESULTS: A total of 52 cases of @entity4501 were identified. Data on sex, gestation age, birth weights, and @entity600 are summarized. Forty-seven @entity1 underwent a single-stage extrapleural repair. Only one leak was identified in the single-stage group on routine day 7 esophagogram: a Waterson C @entity1 who was clinically well with minimal drainage. The only other leak was in a class C @entity1 who had undergone a staged repair because of an initial long gap. None of the favorable Waterston class @entity1 suffered a leak. CONCLUSIONS: A routine retropleural drain placed near the @entity254 may not be necessary in all cases of @entity4501 . Good prognosis @entity1 (Waterston class A and B) who undergo an uncomplicated extrapleural repair without undue tension do not appear to benefit from having a chest drain in place, and there is potential for complications. In complicated cases, however, @entity5173 remains a reasonable adjunct.

title: Revisiting the role of routine @entity5173 after repair of XXXX with @entity4501 .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['TEF', 'distal tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['retropleural drainage']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In Poland, multi-cause @entity55 is not well characterized, and there is limited pneumococcal vaccination in the youngest and oldest age groups. The goal of this study was to assess hospitalized @entity55 across all age groups in two Polish counties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using electronic administrative databases, cases were identified as county residents hospitalized at Chrzan  w and Inowroc  aw County Hospitals from 2006-2008, assigned a diagnosis of @entity55 . Calculations by admission year, sex, and age category were: hospitalization rates per 1000 @entity1 ; in-hospital mortality rates per 100 @entity1 ; and median length of stay (LOS). RESULTS: There were 1444 and 2956 hospitalizations for new episodes of @entity55 with rates of 3.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.57-3.96) and 5.99 (95% CI 5.77-6.21) per 1000 @entity1 in Chrzan  w and Inowroc  aw counties, respectively. In combined data, the highest hospitalization rate was among @entity1 aged 0-4 years (30.77; 95% CI 29.06-32.55) followed by those aged >=  75 years (25.39; 95% CI 24.01-26.83). In-hospital mortality rates increased with age at both sites. The median LOS was 8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia hospitalizations were substantial, especially for the youngest and oldest age groups. Future public health interventions aimed at these age groups might improve disease outlook.

title: A retrospective study of hospitalized XXXX in two Polish counties (2006-2008).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION, @entity1 AND METHODS: We studied 25 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 (average age 64.8 years; SD 8.6; range from 36 to 79 years) admitted to our hospital with clinical findings compatible with obstruction at the level of the bifurcation of the basilar artery. The @entity1 were selected on clinical and neuroradiological criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 included in the study had presented with two or more @entity1188 in the vertebro-basilar territory, related to pathology of the rostral region of the basilar artery. Diagnosis was confirmed on CT and MRI. @entity1188 were found in the thalamus, brain-stem, cerebellum and parieto-occipital lobe. @entity1188 of the thalamus associated with another @entity1188 in a different region was the most frequent lesion. The CT-MRI findings in the 25 cases were: 14 @entity1 had unilateral thalamic @entity1188 associated with another @entity1188 . There were 4 @entity1 with bilateral thalamic @entity1188 and 5 with bilateral @entity1188 . In 11 @entity1 the occipital @entity1188 was associated with another @entity1188 at a different level, and 6 @entity1 each had a @entity1188 together with a brain-stem @entity1188 . In 12 @entity1 the lesions were localized to three or more areas. The commonest clinical manifestations were: @entity51 (68%), @entity2358 (48%), @entity76 (40%), alteration of the level of consciousness (32%), @entity227 (20%), @entity2300 (16%). The risk factors most frequently associated were: arterial @entity101 (64%), a history of cerebrovascular accident (28%), smoking (28%), @entity6 (24%) and @entity955 (20%). Mortality was 8%. Unlike the classical descriptions, @entity51 was the most frequent symptom in our series.

title: [Top of the basilar artery syndrome: clinico-radiological aspects of 25 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal eye movements']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarct', 'occipital infarcts', 'Infarct', 'infarcts', 'Infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupil anomalies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 57-year-old @entity1 presented with a 4-week history of intermittent, painless frank @entity811 . There were no other symptoms. He had no previous urologic history, is a nonsmoker, and works as a manual laborer. INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination, ultrasound of the urinary tract, and intravenous urography were all unremarkable. Urine microscopy confirmed more than 5 red blood cells per high-power field, but no malignant cells were seen on cytologic assessment. Flexible cystoscopy revealed a 3 cm, partially solid, solitary lesion on the right @entity1494 . The @entity5 was completely resected under general anesthesia. DIAGNOSIS: Histologically, the @entity5 was described as a G3 @entity2558 transitional cell @entity150 . MANAGEMENT: Following the resection of a solitary recurrence 6 weeks after the initial @entity5 resection, the @entity1 underwent a standard course of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin therapy. Despite this, another @entity5 was identified 3 months later. Histologically, this @entity5 was described as @entity189 , of at least grade G3pT1. The @entity1 underwent radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit formation; no adjuvant systemic chemotherapy was given in light of complete @entity5 resection. The @entity1 is under continuing, close clinical and radiologic observation and remains free of disease recurrence, 36 months postoperatively.

title: @entity189 of the XXXX --diagnostic and clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['lateral wall of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['a lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6205 or Buschke-Loewenstein @entity5 of the anorectal and perianal regions is an uncommon entity that has not been extensively reviewed. We analyzed 42 known cases of @entity6205 acuminatum in the English literature and reviewed their behavior and management. METHODS: All reported cases of @entity6205 acuminatum in the English literature were selected. The relevant clinicopathologic features of this uncommon entity were examined and discussed. RESULTS: These @entity5 are generally large with the propensity to ulcerate and infiltrate into deeper tissues. The hallmark of the disease is the high rate of recurrence (66 percent) and malignant transformation (56 percent). No distant @entity3 have been reported. The overall mortality was 20 percent, all occurring in @entity1 with recurrences. Fifty percent of the @entity1 who were initially treated with radical surgery developed recurrences. The average duration of disease was longer in @entity1 with recurrences than in @entity1 without recurrences (9.6 years vs. 2.8 years). The median number of recurrences was two (range, one to seven) recurrences, and the median time before first recurrence was ten months. Recurrences were treated by radical surgery in 17 @entity1 and chemoradiotherapy +/- local excision in 5 @entity1 . Follow-up information for the remaining five @entity1 was not available. The cure rate in the radical surgery group was 61 percent compared with 25 percent in the chemoradiotherapy +/- local excision group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6205 of the anorectal and perianal regions is a highly aggressive @entity5 with the propensity for recurrences and malignant transformation, but without metastatic potential. A high rate of recurrence is seen in @entity1 with long duration of the disease. Salvage of @entity1 with recurrences can be achieved successfully with radical surgery.

title: @entity6205 ( XXXX ) of the anorectal and perianal regions. Analysis of 42 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['Giant condyloma acuminatum', 'giant condyloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity6205 :: (MESH:D062688,Disease) :: ['Buschke-Lowenstein tumor']


abstract: Recently, TEM beta-lactamase variants with @entity535 substitutions in the active-site pocket of the enzyme have been identified in natural isolates with increased resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins such as @entity3524 and @entity5505 . To identify other @entity535 substitutions that alter the activity of @entity25054 toward extended-spectrum cephalosporins, a random library was constructed that contained all possible @entity535 substitutions over the 3-residue window of 238-241 (ABL numbering). Mutants were selected for 100-fold greater @entity5505 resistance than wild-type. All mutants had a @entity563 substitution at position 238, a @entity376 or @entity369 at position 240, and a small @entity535 at position 241. The role of each substitution was investigated by constructing individual @entity48627 , @entity48628 , and @entity48629 substitutions as well as the @entity48627 : @entity48628 double mutant. Each enzyme was purified to homogeneity and the kinetic parameters kcat and Km were determined using several substrates. The @entity48627 substitution increases catalytic efficiency for both @entity5505 and @entity3524 . However, to achieve large increases in catalytic efficiency, both @entity48627 and the @entity48628 substitutions are required. The @entity48629 substitution results in a small increase in catalytic efficiency for only @entity5505 . The contribution of each residue to the transition-state stabilization energy was found to be additive indicating that the substitutions act independently to change the catalytic properties of the enzyme.

title: Characterization of @entity25054 beta-lactamase mutants from positions 238 to 241 with increased catalytic efficiency for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['ceftazidime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and long-term effect of video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation for @entity1162 . METHODS: From December 2002 to May 2007, 11 @entity1 who could not tolerate or who were refractory to beta-blocker therapy received video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation. Under general anesthesia, the @entity1143 was entered through three 1.5-cm incisions in the left subaxillary area. The left thoracic sympathetic chain was identified, and the lower one third of the left stellate ganglion, together with T(2) to T(5) sympathetic chain, was resected. RESULTS: The mean operative time was 40.9 +/- 7.7 minutes. @entity190 was minimal. The mean postoperative stay was 6 +/- 1.4 days. There were no major perioperative complications apart from mild @entity1736 in 1 @entity1 who subsequently recovered shortly after the procedure. The mean follow-up time was 37.0 +/- 26.3 months. Seven of the @entity1 are totally free of @entity299 and report good quality of life. One @entity1 experienced @entity1163 from 5 or 6 times per year to 2 or 3 times per year. One @entity1 still experiences syncopal events 3 to 4 times a year, but with shortened duration to several seconds. One @entity1 reports syncope 10 times per year. Only 1 @entity1 died, early in the second year after surgery. In conclusion, the overall efficacy rate (that is, @entity1163 ) is 81.8% (9 of 11) and the mortality rate, 9.1% (1 of 11). CONCLUSIONS: Video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation is a simple and minimally invasive technique that results in good long-term benefits in @entity1 with @entity1162 .

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic left cardiac sympathetic denervation: a reliable minimally invasive approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['decreased syncopal events', 'reduction in syncopal episodes']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis of the left upper eyelid']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['congenital long-QT syndromes', 'congenital long-QT syndrome']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['congenital long-QT syndrome']


abstract: A 35 year old primigravida with a triplet pregnancy developed @entity2011 and @entity158 in the 31st week of pregnancy. During that week, emergency cesarean section was performed due to evidence of @entity409 and imminent @entity7396 . Three @entity1 were delivered who were healthy apart from transient neonatal @entity16763 . Following surgery, the mother developed @entity2102 with @entity2142 , increased transaminases and @entity882 . She also developed @entity2010 with daily urine outputs of up to 7000 ml and poor response to desmopressin. Both the @entity2010 resolved spontaneously within ten days. In pregnant @entity1 with right upper @entity158 , @entity2102 or @entity19887 should be considered. The association of @entity2010 with @entity19887 is an established, but rare phenomenon. As far as is known, this is the first report of a @entity1 presenting with a combination of @entity2102 and @entity2010 . @entity1 with @entity2102 have a good prognosis, if the diagnosis is early and the pregnancy terminated at the right time. With close supervision further pregnancies are possible.

title: [Triplet pregnancy with XXXX and transient @entity2010 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity19887 :: ('MESH:C537957', 'Disease') :: ['acute fatty liver of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7396 :: ('MESH:D005311', 'Disease') :: ['fetal hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity16763 :: ('MESH:D012120', 'Disease') :: ['respiration distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain', 'epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome and the diabetes insipidus', 'diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity2102 :: (MESH:D017359,Disease) :: ['HELLP syndrome']