abstract: OBJECTIVE: Successful results after one-stage trans-anal pull-through (OSTAPT) operation for @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) depend on accurate identification of the aganglionic segment in intra-operative frozen section (FS). Misinterpretation of the findings of the rectal biopsy is an anxiety-evoking pitfall for the surgeon. This study aims to describe our experiences in comparing results of FS and permanent Section (PS) rectal biopsies in @entity1 with @entity1963 who were candidates for OSTAPT in a single-step operation. METHODS: Subjects under the age of 14 years, admitted from March 2000 to July 2008 in a university-affiliated @entity1 's hospital for open rectal biopsy to diagnose @entity1963 were included in the study. All biopsies were taken 2-3 cm above the dentate line. 210 specimens of full-thickness rectal biopsy were obtained for both frozen section and permanent biopsy from all @entity1 , examined by two well experienced pediatric pathologists for ascertaining the presence of ganglion cells, and the results were compared. Analysis was performed by SPSS Software version 11.5. FINDINGS: Two-hundred one @entity1 and @entity1 underwent FS rectal biopsy to exclude @entity1963 . Positive results were seen in 63.8% of the specimens examined as PS and in 58.3% of FS samples. 93.9% of positive results in FS studies were confirmed by PS studies. 6.1% of FS reports were false positive and 21.7% were false negative (P<0.001). The sensitivity of FS was 85.8% and specificity 90.2%. Positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 93.9% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 78.3% in FS studies (P<0.001). The accuracy of FS was 80.4%. CONCLUSION: Although FS of the rectal biopsy is useful in defining the aganglionic segment during operation, according to this study, it cannot be used as the sole base for performing primary pull-through operation before the results of the permanent section are on hand.

title: Can We Rely on Frozen Sections of a Rectal Biopsy for One-stage Trans-anal Pull-through Operation in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hirschsprung's disease"]

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's Disease']


abstract: We evaluated the effects of the intravenous administration of anti-D, an immune globulin directed at the D antigen on erythrocytes that is purified from plasma from sensitized @entity1 , on @entity1 with @entity3039 . To determine the most effective dose, the duration of response, and the side effects of this therapy in @entity1 , we performed a multicenter cohort study of escalating doses of intravenously administered anti-D in @entity1 aged 1 to 18 years with @entity3039 , defined as @entity3039 persisting for more than 6 months with a platelet count of less than 50 x 10(9) cells/L. Twenty-five Rh-positive @entity1 received increasing doses of anti-D as follows: day 1, 25 micrograms/kg; day 2, 25 micrograms/kg; day 7, 35 micrograms/kg; day 14, 45 micrograms/kg; and day 21, 55 micrograms/kg. Administration of anti-D was stopped after day 21 or when the platelet count rose to greater than 150 x 10(9) cells/L or the hemoglobin level was 100 gm/L. Platelet count was less than 50 x 10(9) cells/L in all @entity1 before treatment. A response was defined as an increase in the platelet count to more than 50 x 10(9)/L and a doubling of the pretreatment platelet count. Of 25 @entity1 , 23 (92%) had responses by day 7 of the initial treatment protocol. Eighteen @entity1 (72%) had platelet counts greater than 150 x 10(9) cells/L by day 7 after two doses of anti-D. Median duration of response was 5 weeks (range 1 to 24 weeks). Average drop in hemoglobin level was 13.7 gm/L; in one @entity1 (a nonresponder) hemoglobin value fell to less than 100 gm/L. No other untoward side effects were seen. Of the 23 @entity1 who responded, 21 were retreated with one dose of anti-D when platelet counts returned to baseline values of less than 50 x 10(9) cells/L; all but three of the @entity1 who underwent retreatment showed a response the second time. Sixteen @entity1 continued to receive intermittent anti-D therapy after completion of the study, and all continued to have excellent responses. We conclude that anti-D is a safe, effective, and relatively inexpensive therapy for childhood @entity3039 .

title: A multicenter study of the treatment of childhood XXXX with anti-D.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: Developmental changes of preprocholecystokinin mRNA ( @entity6140 mRNA) and @entity8586 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity6140 - @entity3162 ) were examined in @entity35 brain regions (frontal cortex, colliculi, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum) using RNA dot blot assays with @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) cDNA and radioimmunoassay, respectively. The @entity6140 - @entity3162 levels in all regions examined were very low at birth. Excluding the cerebellum, the levels in these regions increased postnatally and reached adult values at 28 days of age. In contrast to @entity6140 - @entity3162 , @entity6140 mRNA levels changed dramatically during development. A considerable amount of @entity6140 mRNA was detected in the frontal cortex and hippocampus at birth. The changes in the level of @entity6140 mRNA in the frontal cortex and colliculi paralleled those of @entity6140 - @entity3162 , including a rapid increase from 7 to 14 days of age. The synthesis of @entity6140 mRNA preceded the appearance of @entity6140 - @entity3162 . @entity6140 mRNA levels in the hippocampus and striatum exhibited a transient increase, with a peak at 14 days of age. In the adult brain, the @entity6140 mRNA levels were high in the frontal cortex, moderate in the hippocampus and colliculi, and low in the striatum. The cerebellum contained only a negligible amount of @entity6140 mRNA during development. The relatively high level of @entity6140 - @entity3162 compared with the low level of @entity6140 mRNA in the striatum supports the idea that most of the striatal @entity6140 - @entity3162 is supplied from extrastriatal regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Postnatal development of XXXX -like immunoreactivity and its mRNA level in @entity35 brain regions.

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to develop three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) and to investigate stress distributions. To determine the causes of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ), the magnitude and location of the maximum stresses under physiological loading must be considered. Stress analysis @entity9321 models were reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) data. Several studies have investigated finite @entity1348 models, but few have used a bilateral mandible model that includes jaw closing and maximum opening. In this study, the authors defined an asymmetry index for the different stress values on each side joint; this index has not yet been investigated. According to clinical observation, one joint affects the other side joint during mastication. Three symptom-free volunteers and three symptomatic @entity1 were selected as the control group (CG) and @entity9321 ( @entity9321 ), respectively. For the @entity9321 , data analysis indicated that the condyle was asymmetrical during jaw closing, while both the condyle and disc were slightly asymmetrical during jaw opening. The maximum stresses did not significantly differ between the CG and @entity9321 for either closing or opening of the jaw. The results of this study have a potential clinical benefit in terms of proving superior biomechanical behaviour.

title: Stress analysis during jaw movement based on vivo computed tomography images from XXXX with @entity2956 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['element TMJ', 'TMJs', 'temporomandibular joints']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We reviewed published @entity16465 applications for international pest management and agricultural crop protection from 1943-2016. @entity16465 (AQ) is commonly found in dyes, pigments, and many plants and organisms. Avian repellents research with AQ began in the 1940s. In context of pest management, AQ is currently used as a chemical repellent, @entity16918 deterrent, insecticide, and feeding deterrent in many wild birds, and some mammals, insects, and fishes. Criteria for evaluation of effective chemical repellents include efficacy, potential for wildlife hazards, phytotoxicity, and environmental persistence. As a biopesticide, AQ often meets these criteria of efficacy for the non-lethal management of agricultural depredation caused by wildlife. We summarize published applications of AQ for the protection of newly-planted and maturing crops from pest birds. Conventional applications of AQ-based repellents include pre-plant seed treatments (e.g. @entity4336 ( @entity2829 .), @entity579 ( @entity579 .), sunflower ( @entity15046 .) @entity3505 (Triticum spp.), millet (Panicum spp.), @entity1101 ( @entity1101 L.), pelletized feed, and forest tree species) and foliar applications for @entity579 , sunflower, lettuce ( @entity12681 .), turf, @entity18905 ( @entity33533 .), @entity1460 ( @entity1460 L.), sweet @entity4336 , and nursery, fruit, and nut crops. In addition to agricultural-repellent applications, AQ has also been used to treat toxicants for the protection of non-target birds. Few studies have demonstrated AQ repellency in mammals, including @entity1707 ( @entity1707 , L.), @entity34494 ( @entity34494 , Mitchill), @entity34495 (Cyomys ludovicainus, Ord.), common voles (Microtus arvalis, Pallas), house @entity19 ( @entity19 , L.), Tristram's jirds (Meriones tristrami, Thomas) and @entity5698 ( @entity5698 L.). Natural sources of AQ and its derivatives have also been identified as insecticides and insect repellents. As a natural or synthetic biopesticide, AQ is a promising candidate for many contexts of non-lethal and insecticidal pest management.

title: Review of XXXX applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection.

entities_list: @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['wild boar', 'Sus scrofa']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity1101 :: ('4558', 'Species') :: ['sorghum', 'Sorghum bicolor']

entities_list: @entity5698 :: ('10117', 'Species') :: ['Rattus rattus', 'black rats']

entities_list: @entity15046 :: ('4232', 'Species') :: ['Helianthus annuus L']

entities_list: @entity12681 :: ('4236', 'Species') :: ['Lactuca sativa L']

entities_list: @entity34494 :: ('43179', 'Species') :: ['Ictidomys tridecemlineatus', 'thirteen-lined ground squirrels']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max']

entities_list: @entity16465 :: ('CHEBI:40448', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinone', 'Anthraquinone']

entities_list: @entity34495 :: ('45480', 'Species') :: ['black-tailed prairie dogs']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa L', 'rice']

answer: @entity16465 :: (CHEBI:40448,Chemical) :: ['anthraquinone']


abstract: Insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon is challenging to treat. When the deformity is flexible, treatment options have included tendon transfer, often combined with a medial slide @entity9066 and/or a lengthening of the lateral column. Posterior @entity9066 has been shown to give correction, although not full correction. Lengthening of the lateral column also has been shown to give correction and has been used in the more severe flexible @entity85 , but it involves either fusion of the @entity2720 or risk of @entity625 at this joint. An osteotomy combining the calcaneal medial slide with a lengthening of the lateral column at the same osteotomy site has been tested in the laboratory. This combined osteotomy provides a lengthening of the lateral column, but it is positioned away from the @entity2720 . In this study, the osteotomy was compared with a medial slide @entity9066 and an Evans lengthening of the lateral column, using a cadaver flatfoot model. Radiographic measurements were made to evaluate correction of the @entity85 after each of these procedures. There was statistically significant improved correction with the new osteotomy compared with that in a standard medial slide, and correction was comparable to that in the lengthening of the lateral column. This combined osteotomy may be a reasonable alternative when more correction is desired than can be obtained from a medial slide alone and when the surgeon wishes to avoid an osteotomy near the @entity2720 .

title: Posterior XXXX with wedge: cadaver testing of a new procedure for insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon.

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneocuboid joint']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities', 'planovalgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity9066 :: ('MESH:D036982', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal osteotomy']

answer: @entity9066 :: (MESH:D036982,Disease) :: ['calcaneal osteotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 that present with nasal symptoms are uncommon. Management can be difficult due to their aggressive nature, location and extension. METHODS: We report a series of three cases of @entity2013 that enlarged inferiorly presenting initially as @entity480 . RESULTS: Recurrence of symptoms (case 1) prompted testing for serum @entity4090 and examination of histology confirmed the presence of a @entity2013 . In cases 2 and 3, radiological evidence of a pituitary mass prompted testing for a @entity2013 . No @entity1 exhibited clinical signs of @entity4089 . All three cases have @entity5 at 2-4 years after diagnosis, despite @entity4090 levels approaching the normal range on dopaminergic therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity5 that invade the nasal cavity are rare and clinicians should be aware of their existence. A @entity2013 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity5 . Measurement of serum @entity4090 can expedite a diagnosis and prevent delay of treatment with @entity935 agonists.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity480 : a series of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma', 'prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'Pituitary tumours', 'nasopharyngeal tumours']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['Macroprolactinomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Following unilateral damage of the primary @entity227 observed is @entity1805 ( @entity1805 ), a @entity1018 of the contralesional hemifield in each eye. The ipsilesional ("intact") part of the central visual field is often used to compensate for difficulties encountered in the peripheral hemianopic visual field. However, the quality of vision within the central visual field is not well-known. METHODS: To better describe and understand visual processing in @entity1805 , two tasks were conducted with 25 healthy controls, six left @entity2300 , and five right @entity2300 . Filtered (in high, above 6 cycles/degree, or low, below 4 cycles/degree, spatial frequencies - @entity650 and @entity28828 , respectively) and unfiltered natural scene images (5   of visual angle) were briefly presented (100 msec) centrally on a computer screen. @entity1 were required either to respond when a natural scene was presented (yes/no detection task) or to indicate if the stimulus was a city or a highway (categorization task). RESULTS: The three groups showed similar accuracy levels but significant differences were observed in response times. More precisely, left @entity2300 were impaired both in the detection and in the categorization tasks whereas right @entity2300 were only impaired in the categorization task. However, the three groups had similar responses to spatial frequencies: @entity650 were processed more slowly than @entity28828 . CONCLUSIONS: Overall these results suggest that central vision is not intact in @entity1805 . Lesion side selectively affects reaction times (RTs) in the detection and the categorization tasks, but does not seem to determine a specific deficit in spatial frequency processing.

title: Specific impairments in visual processing following lesion side in hemianopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual cortex one of the most common visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['Homonymous Hemianopia', 'hemianopia', 'HH']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A freshwater Spirillum sp., which apparently belongs to a niche of low nutritional status (Matin _ Veldkamp, 1978), accumulated @entity13099 ( @entity13100 ) during @entity880 -limited growth in continuous culture. The @entity13100 content varied in a complex manner with the dilution rate (D), but was greatest at the lowest D value examined: about 18% (w/w) at D = 0.025 h-1. It is not known what mechanism accounted for @entity13100 accumulation during @entity505 -limited growth. The resistance of cultures of Spirillum sp. to starvation after growth at various D values was compared with that of a Pseudomonas sp. which appears to belong to relatively richer environments (Matin _ Veldkamp, 1978) and does not accumulate @entity13100 . In Spirillum sp., resistance correlated directly with the @entity13100 content of the culture subjected to starvation, whereas in Pseudomonas sp. it increased with RNA content. Further, after growth at D = 0.03 to 0.05 h-1, the Spirillum sp. was much more resistant to starvation than was the Pseudomonas sp. Since the microflora of oligotrophic environments are probably often subjected to starvation conditions, @entity13100 accumulation by Spirillum sp. during growth in such environments may assist survival. @entity13100 in Spirillum sp. was rapidly degraded during starvation but it had no sparing effect on RNA degradation. It is not known how @entity13100 enhanced resistance to starvation.

title: Selective advantage of a Spirillum sp. in a @entity505 -limited environment. Accumulation of XXXX and its role in starvation.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity13099 :: ('MESH:C003182', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid']

answer: @entity13099 :: (MESH:C003182,Chemical) :: ['poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid']


abstract: Acute @entity5163 are great concern throughout the world, as they are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The present study was carried out during the period from January' 2011 to December' 2011 in the Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College. A total of 300 stool specimens were examined by standard laboratory methods for identification of enteropathogens. Rotavirus was detected by @entity2975 Gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Different diarrheagenic @entity526 (DEC) were detected by Multiplex PCR following standard methods. Of the 300 stool specimens examined, Enteropathpgens were detected in 160(53.5%) cases. Rota virus was detected in 82(27.5%) cases, followed by @entity6567 in 54(18%), Shigella spp. in 8(2.4%), @entity5746 spp. in 5(1.6%), Entameoba histolytica in 4(1.5%) and @entity461 in 3(1.0%) cases. Among the DEC, the Enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) was most prevalent (72%, 39/54). The present study revealed a high prevalence of rotavirus and DEC as the predominant causes of @entity294 in this region.

title: Enteropathogens associated with acute XXXX in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal diseases']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: Voltage- and @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels (BK) are important regulators of neuronal excitability. BK channels seem to be crucial for frequency tuning in nonmammalian vestibular and auditory hair cells. However, there are a paucity of data concerning BK expression in @entity1 vestibular hair cells. We therefore investigated the localization of BK channels in @entity1 vestibular hair cells, specifically in @entity35 vestibular neuroepithelia. We find that only a subset of hair cells in the utricle and the crista ampullaris express BK channels. BK-positive hair cells are located mainly in the medial striolar region of the utricle, where they constitute at most 12% of hair cells, and in the central zone of the horizontal crista. A majority of BK-positive hair cells are encapsulated by a calretinin-positive calyx defining them as type I cells. The remainder are either type I cells encapsulated by a calretinin-negative calyx or type II hair cells. Surprisingly, the number of BK-positive hair cells in the utricle peaks in juvenile @entity35 and declines in early adulthood. BK channels were not found in vestibular afferent @entity2343 . Our data indicate that BK channel expression in the @entity1 vestibular system differs from the expression pattern in the @entity1 auditory and the nonmammalian vestibular system. The molecular diversity of vestibular hair cells indicates a functional diversity that has not yet been fully characterized. The predominance of BK-positive hair cells within the medial striola of juvenile animals suggests that they contribute to a scheme of highly lateralized coding of linear head movements during late development.

title: Distribution of high-conductance XXXX -activated @entity972 channels in @entity35 vestibular epithelia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendrites or somata']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 is a significant cause of morbidity. Many @entity1 have communicated an interest in non-pharmacological therapies to their general practitioners. Systematic reviews of acupuncture and counselling for @entity308 in primary care have identified limited evidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate acupuncture versus usual care and counselling versus usual care for @entity1 who continue to experience @entity308 in primary care. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In a randomised controlled trial, 755 @entity1 with @entity308 (Beck @entity308 Inventory BDI-II score >=  20) were recruited from 27 primary care practices in the North of England. @entity1 were randomised to one of three arms using a ratio of 2.2.1 to acupuncture (302), counselling (302), and usual care alone (151). The primary outcome was the difference in mean @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores at 3 months with secondary analyses over 12 months follow-up. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. PHQ-9 data were available for 614 @entity1 at 3 months and 572 @entity1 at 12 months. @entity1 attended a mean of ten sessions for acupuncture and nine sessions for counselling. Compared to usual care, there was a statistically significant reduction in mean PHQ-9 @entity308 scores at 3 months for acupuncture (-2.46, 95% CI -3.72 to -1.21) and counselling (-1.73, 95% CI -3.00 to -0.45), and over 12 months for acupuncture (-1.55, 95% CI -2.41 to -0.70) and counselling (-1.50, 95% CI -2.43 to -0.58). Differences between acupuncture and counselling were not significant. In terms of limitations, the trial was not designed to separate out specific from non-specific effects. No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In this randomised controlled trial of acupuncture and counselling for @entity1 presenting with @entity308 , after having consulted their general practitioner in primary care, both interventions were associated with significantly reduced @entity308 at 3 months when compared to usual care alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN63787732 Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

title: Acupuncture and counselling for XXXX in primary care: a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Empathy is a complex social behaviour mediated by a network of brain structures. Recently, several functional imaging studies have investigated the neural basis of empathy, but few corroborative @entity1 lesion studies exist. Severe @entity393 is a common feature of @entity747 ( @entity747 ), and is also seen in other @entity179 . In this study, the neuroanatomic basis of empathy was investigated in 123 @entity1 with @entity747 , @entity195 , @entity528 and @entity7463 using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI). IRI Empathic Concern and Perspective taking scores were correlated with structural MRI brain volume using voxel-based morphometry. Voxels in the right temporal pole, the right fusiform gyrus, the right caudate and right subcallosal gyrus correlated significantly with total empathy score (P < 0.05 after whole-brain correction for multiple comparisons). Empathy score correlated positively with the volume of right temporal structures in semantic @entity303 , and with subcallosal gyrus volume in @entity4943 . These findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that a primarily right frontotemporal network of brain regions is involved in emotion processing, and highlights the roles of the right temporal pole and @entity75 in regulating complex social interactions. This is the first large-scale lesion study to investigate the neural basis of empathy using correlational analytic methods. The results suggest that the right anterior temporal and medial frontal regions are essential for real-life empathic behaviour.

title: Structural anatomy of empathy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior frontal/striatal regions']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['progressive supranuclear palsy']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['empathy loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corticobasal degeneration']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the @entity137 and response rate of high-dose liposome-encapsulated @entity632 (TLC D-99, Evacet, The Liposome Company Inc, Princeton, NJ) in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-two @entity0 @entity1 with bidimensionally measurable metastatic disease and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease received a 135 mg/m2 intravenous (i.v.) bolus of TLC D-99 with 5 microg/kg of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor via subcutaneous injection every 21 days. RESULTS: The median number of treatment cycles of TLC D-99 was three (range, one to 10 cycles), and the median total cumulative dose of TLC D-99 was 405 mg/m2 (range, 135 to 1,065 mg/m2). Grade IV @entity1398 , @entity882 , and @entity33 were experienced by 48 (92%), 46 (88%), and 10 (19%) @entity1 , respectively. Twenty (38%) of @entity1 experienced @entity1370 : four (8%) experienced a decrease of 20% or more in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to a final value > or = 50%, nine (17%) experienced a decrease of 10% or more in LVEF to a final value less than 50%, and seven (13%) developed symptomatic @entity712 ( @entity712 ), including one @entity1 who died of @entity296 after receiving a total dose of 1,035 mg/m2. In a stepwise logistic regression model, the significant risk factors for the development of @entity712 were the cumulative dose of prior adjuvant @entity632 (P = .007) and the total cumulative dose of TLC D-99 (P = .032). The overall response rate was 46% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32% to 61%) on an intent-to-treat basis. The median duration of response was 7.4 months (95% CI, 6.1 to 19.6 months) and the median progression-free survival was 6.1 months (95% CI, 5.4 to 7.5 months). CONCLUSION: There was no added therapeutic benefit to the dose escalation of TLC D-99 in this study. A high rate of @entity1370 was also observed, especially among @entity1 who had received prior adjuvant @entity632 . This was probably attributable to the dose and schedule of TLC D-99 used in this trial, as well as the @entity1 's lifetime cumulative @entity632 dose. Administration of high-dose TLC D-99 at 135 mg/m2 every 3 weeks by i.v. bolus infusion does not warrant further investigation.

title: Phase II trial of high-dose liposome-encapsulated XXXX with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in metastatic @entity0 . TLC D-99 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity', 'cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to evaluate blood @entity3409 levels (BCLs) in Chinese adults and explore whether blood @entity3409 is associated with @entity6 or @entity28 . This study included 5544 adults from a cross-sectional SPECT-China study. BCL and blood lead level (BLL) was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) was used to define @entity5710 and @entity6 . Overweight and @entity28 were defined by body mass index (BMI). The associations of BCL with @entity5710 , @entity6 , overweight, and @entity28 were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression analyses. Medians (interquartile range) of BCL were 1.97   g/L (0.60-3.82) in @entity1 and 1.59   g/L (0.54-3.51) in @entity1 . Subjects in low-economic-status areas and urban areas had significantly higher BCL. BCL in current smokers was significantly higher than in current non-smokers. In the adjusted model, a mild positive relationship between BCL and FPG was found. Meanwhile, the prevalence of @entity5710 was increased according to the increase in BCL tertiles. Surprisingly, BCL had a negative relationship with prevalence of overweight. In conclusion,  BCL in Chinese adults was much higher than in other developed countries and was influenced by gender, smoking, and residential area. BCL was positively related to @entity5710 while negatively related to overweight.

title: Blood @entity3409 in Chinese adults and its relationships with @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Urine has long been a "favored" biofluid among metabolomics researchers. It is sterile, easy-to-obtain in large volumes, largely free from interfering proteins or lipids and chemically complex. However, this chemical complexity has also made urine a particularly difficult substrate to fully understand. As a biological waste material, urine typically contains metabolic breakdown products from a wide range of foods, drinks, drugs, environmental contaminants, endogenous waste metabolites and bacterial by-products. Many of these compounds are poorly characterized and poorly understood. In an effort to improve our understanding of this biofluid we have undertaken a comprehensive, quantitative, metabolome-wide characterization of @entity1 urine. This involved both computer-aided literature mining and comprehensive, quantitative experimental assessment/validation. The experimental portion employed NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ), direct flow injection mass spectrometry (DFI/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- @entity15 ) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) experiments performed on multiple @entity1 urine samples. This multi-platform metabolomic analysis allowed us to identify 445 and quantify 378 unique urine metabolites or metabolite species. The different analytical platforms were able to identify (quantify) a total of: 209 (209) by NMR, 179 (85) by GC- @entity15 , 127 (127) by DFI/LC- @entity15 / @entity15 , 40 (40) by ICP- @entity15 and 10 (10) by HPLC. Our use of multiple metabolomics platforms and technologies allowed us to identify several previously unknown urine metabolites and to substantially enhance the level of metabolome coverage. It also allowed us to critically assess the relative strengths and weaknesses of different platforms or technologies. The literature review led to the identification and annotation of another 2206 urinary compounds and was used to help guide the subsequent experimental studies. An online database containing the complete set of 2651 confirmed @entity1 urine metabolite species, their structures (3079 in total), concentrations, related literature references and links to their known disease associations are freely available at http://www.urinemetabolome.ca.

title: The XXXX urine metabolome.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The effect of early myocardial reperfusion on patterns of @entity204 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is unknown. Thus, the mechanism and timing of in-hospital and late @entity204 among a group of 614 @entity1 treated with coronary angioplasty without antecedent thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 were determined. @entity204 occurred in 49 @entity1 (8%) before hospital discharge. Four @entity1 died in the catheterization laboratory. @entity204 was due to @entity1455 in 22 @entity1 , acute vessel reclosure in 5 @entity1 , was sudden in 8 @entity1 and followed elective coronary artery bypass surgery in 8 @entity1 . @entity7086 was observed in only 2 @entity1 after failed @entity1188 angioplasty, and did not occur among the 574 @entity1 with successful @entity1188 reperfusion. @entity932 did not occur. Multivariate predictors of in-hospital @entity204 included failed @entity1188 angioplasty, @entity453 and age greater than or equal to 70 years. During a follow-up period of 32 +/- 21 months (range 1 to 87), 55 @entity1 died. The cause of @entity204 was cardiac in 36 @entity1 , including an arrhythmic @entity204 in 23 @entity1 and was due to @entity1457 in 13 others. One @entity1 died of reinfarction due to late reclosure of the @entity1188 artery. Actuarial survival curves demonstrated overall survival after hospital discharge of 95 and 87% at 1 and 4 years, respectively. Freedom from @entity204 at 1 and 4 years was 96 and 92%. Multivariate predictors of late @entity204 included 3-vessel disease, a baseline ejection fraction of less than or equal to 40%, age greater than 70 years and female gender.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Timing and mechanism of in-hospital and late XXXX after primary coronary angioplasty during @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock, 3-vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'cardiac death', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is an abnormal angiographic finding following drug-eluting stent implantation which suggests the presence of a space outside the stent struts. @entity8 has been reported to be associated with very late stent @entity715 (VLST). The aims of this study were to compare the occurrence rate of late acquired @entity8 between @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) and @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) implantation, and to identify clinical characteristics associated with @entity8 . The percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) database of our hospital was queried to identify @entity1 meeting the following criteria: (i) @entity1 who received SES or EES in de novo @entity453 ; and (ii) @entity1 who had angiographic follow-up between 3 and 15 months after stent implantation. There were 221 @entity1 with 249 lesions treated with SES, and 173 @entity1 with 212 lesions treated with EES. The occurrence of @entity8 was evaluated and compared between SES and EES implantation on a @entity1 and lesion basis. The occurrence rate of late acquired @entity8 with EES was lower than that with SES. (On a @entity1 basis; 1.2% versus 4.5%, P = 0.045, on a lesion basis; 0.9% versus 4.0%, P = 0.043). Among the clinical characteristics, @entity432 ( @entity432 ) lesions were associated with @entity8 . The occurrence of late acquired @entity8 in EES was lower than that in SES. In conclusion, the occurrence rate of late acquired @entity8 with EES was lower than that with SES, however, it remains to be determined whether this difference translates to the difference in the rate of VLST.

title: Occurrence of late acquired peri-stent contrast staining: comparison between XXXX -eluting stents and @entity2239 -eluting stents.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PSS', 'Peri-stent contrast staining']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery lesions']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['CTO', 'chronic total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: A 7-year-old @entity1 had presented with high body temperature and joint @entity158 which continued for 3 days. Because of the prolonged history of unexplained @entity221 , @entity1910 , bilateral nonpurulent conjunctival injection, oropharyngeal erythema, @entity5773 , and extreme of age, @entity573 was considered and started on an intravenous immunoglobulin infusion. Six days after this treatment, @entity1 was referred to eye clinic with @entity227 and @entity3917 . Visual acuity was reduced to 20/40 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral diffuse corneal punctate epitheliopathy and anterior stromal haze. @entity2687 seemed like crystal deposits. One day after presentation, mild anterior @entity1596 was added to clinical picture. All ocular findings disappeared in one week with topical @entity134 and unpreserved artificial tear drops. We present a case who was diagnosed as @entity573 along with bilateral @entity2372 . We supposed that unusual ocular presentation may be associated with intravenous immunoglobulin treatment.

title: @entity2372 after intravenous immunoglobulin therapy with XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['strawberry tongue']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse crystalline-like keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal epitheliopathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['incomplete kawasaki disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore efficacy of posterior reduction and interbody fusion in treating thoracolumbar @entity174 and @entity3029 . METHODS: From August 2004 to May 2009, 24 @entity1 (18 males and 6 females with an average of 38.2 years, ranged 24 to 56 years old) were treated. Among them, 14 cases were by traffic accident,6 cases were falling down, 2 cases were heavy hit, 2 cases were transverse crush. According to AO classification, 12 cases were type B1, 5 cases B2, 2 cases B3,3 cases C1, 2 cases C2. One cases in T(10,11), 2 cases in T(11,12), 5 cases in T12L1, 8 cases in L(1,2), 2 cases in L(2,3), 4 cases in L(3,4), 2 cases in L4/5. Acoording to Frankle classification,5 cases in grade A, 9 cases in grade B, 8 cases in grade C and 2 cases in grade D. The reduction, graft healing and recovery of nervous function were followed up. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 8 to 33 months with an average of 16 months. The operation time was for 3.0 to 5.8 hours, meaned 3.7 h, and mean @entity190 was 860 ml (ranged, 500 to 1800 ml). Cobb angle improved from preoperative (32.6 +/- 3.7) degrees to postoperative (13.7 +/- 2.4) degrees. The anterior high of fractured vertebrae increased from preoperative (41.0 +/- 11.6)% to postoperative (87.6 +/- 2.3)% .Three cases of 5 cases with Frankle A were not recovery, 1 case changed to grade B, 1 case changed to grade C; Five cases of 9 cases with Frankle B were changed to grade C, 3 cases to grade D, 1 case changed to grade E; Five cases of 8 cases with Frankle C were changed to Grade D, 3 cases to Grade E; Two cases with Frankle D were recoved to normal. Planting bone surface got bone fusion, and no internal fixation lossen, dislocation occurred. CONCLUSION: Posterior reduction and rigid interbody fusion for the treatment of thoracolumbar @entity174 and @entity3029 can receive satisfactory fusion based on recovering normal spinal sequence

title: [Posterior reduction and interbody fusion for the treatment of thoracolumbar @entity174 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['dislocations']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was undertaken to examine the influence of @entity460 -channel blocking drugs on early renal allograft function. Delayed function was defined as the need for dialysis or a reduction in serum @entity1011 of less than 15% within 4 days of transplantation. The drug histories of 172 @entity1 were examined. After exclusions, the data from 138 @entity1 were analysed. No @entity1 was taking any @entity460 -channel blocking drug other than @entity594 . Thirty-one @entity1 were taking @entity594 at the time of transplantation and these had a delayed function rate of 16% compared with 40% for 107 @entity1 not taking @entity594 (chi 2, P less than 0.05). Delayed function occurred in 61% of cases when the donor age was over 50 years compared with 29% with younger donors (chi 2, P less than 0.05). A total ischaemic time of longer than 24 h and administration of inotropic support to the donor were associated with delayed function (chi 2, P less than 0.05). Administration to the donor of @entity2656 , @entity230 , @entity5333 and heparin had no effect on the rate of delayed function. Recipients treated with low-dose @entity935 in the perioperative period had no advantage. Elevated trough whole blood concentrations of @entity205 in the first week after transplant were associated with delayed function (Mann-Whitney U, P less than 0.05).

title: XXXX -channel blockers and other factors influencing delayed function in renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An early differentiation of @entity195 ( @entity195 ) from @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ) is important, since these conditions are essentially different regarding prognosis and therapeutical approach. Until now, no single test is available which allows a reliable differentiation. The @entity75 ( @entity75 ) has been found to have good reliability in identifying an executive @entity71 and in @entity21 . The ability of the @entity75 to distinguish @entity195 from @entity4943 in mildly demented @entity1 is less clearly assessed. METHODS: We compared @entity75 scores in a consecutive series of 33 @entity4943 (frontal variant) and 85 @entity195 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity75 global scores in the two groups were very similar, also when considering only mildly demented subgroups [ @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) score > or = 20; 20 @entity4943 and 38 @entity195 @entity1 ]. Considering @entity75 subscores, only the 'go-no go' subtest showed a significant difference, reflecting a poorer inhibitory motor control in @entity195 @entity1 . @entity75 scores in the two groups of @entity1 correlated with global @entity73 ( @entity1032 ), and with executive and visuospatial test scores, showing good concurrent validity. CONCLUSION: The @entity75 does not differentiate @entity1 with @entity195 from those with @entity4943 , like all other executive tests. However, it may be useful in the examination of executive function in @entity195 , @entity4943 and several other pathological conditions.

title: The frontal assessment battery does not differentiate @entity4943 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal Assessment Battery', 'FAB']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in frontal syndromes']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the mid-term results of MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation for small @entity157 ( @entity157 ). METHODS: Using an @entity3503 -based cryoablation system, MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation was performed. The number of @entity5 was three or fewer. The maximum diameter of @entity5 was less than 5 cm when solitary and no more than 3 cm when multiple. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the survival of @entity1 . RESULTS: Among 15 @entity1 , 16 @entity5 were treated. The maximum @entity5 diameter ranged from 1.2 to 4.5 cm, with a mean of 2.5 +/- 0.8 cm (mean +/- standard deviation). The volume of iceballs measured on MR-images was greater than that of the @entity5 in all cases. The follow-up period ranged from 10 to 52 months, with a mean of 36.6 +/- 12.1 months. One-year and 3-year overall survival were 93.8 and 79.3%, respectively. The complete ablation rate was 80.8% at 3 years. Immediate complications were pneumothorax, hemothorax, and @entity1143 . An ablation zone was not absorbed and content exuded from a scar of the probe tract 4 months after cryoablation in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation appears to be a feasible modality and potentially good option for the treatment of small @entity157 .

title: Outcome of MR-guided percutaneous cryoablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the threshold fibre length for the onset of @entity55 after aspiration exposure in @entity19 to four different lengths of @entity575 nanowires (AgNW). We further examined the effect of fibre length on macrophage locomotion in an in vitro wound healing assay. We hypothesised that exposure to longer fibres causes both increased @entity32 and restricted mobility leading to impaired clearance of long fibres from the lower respiratory tract to the mucociliary escalator in vivo. METHODS: Nine week old female C57BL/6 strain @entity19 were exposed to AgNW and controls via pharyngeal aspiration. The dose used in this study was equalised to fibre number and based on 50  g/ @entity19 for AgNW(14). To examine macrophage migration in vitro a wound healing assay was used. An artificial wound was created in a confluent layer of bone marrow derived macrophages by scraping with a pipette tip and the number of cells migrating into the wound was monitored microscopically. The dose was equalised for fibre number and based on 2.5  g/cm(2) for AgNW(14). RESULTS: Aspiration of AgNW resulted in a length dependent inflammatory response in the lungs with threshold at a fibre length of 14  m. Shorter fibres including 3, 5 and 10  m elicited no significant @entity32 . Macrophage locomotion was also restricted in a length dependent manner whereby AgNW in the length of >= 5  m resulted in @entity1319 in the wound closure assay. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated a 14  m cut-off length for fibre-induced @entity55 after aspiration exposure and an in vitro threshold for inhibition of macrophage locomotion of 5  m. We previously reported a threshold length of 5  m for fibre-induced @entity32 . This difference in pulmonary and pleural fibre- induced @entity32 may be explained by differences in clearance mechanism of deposited fibres from the airspaces compared to the pleural space. Inhibition of macrophage migration at long fibre lengths could account for their well-documented long term retention in the lungs compared to short fibres. Knowledge of the threshold length for acute @entity55 contributes to hazard identification of nanofibres.

title: Use of XXXX nanowires to determine thresholds for fibre length-dependent @entity55 and inhibition of macrophage migration in vitro.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pleural inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['impaired motility']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: Homozygous mutations in the electrogenic @entity4024 - @entity3157 cotransporter NBCe1 cause @entity8 ( @entity8 ) associated with extrarenal manifestations such as @entity735 and @entity2704 . Previously, the NBCe1 cytosolic mutant @entity29995 was shown to have a dominant negative effect by forming hetero-oligomer complexes with @entity164 ( @entity164 ), which might be responsible for the occurrence of @entity726 and @entity2704 in the heterozygous family members. In this study, we investigated whether the NBCe1 @entity29996 mutant has a similar dominant negative effect. Functional analyses in @entity1238 oocytes and HEK293 cells revealed that the @entity29996 mutant had no transport activity due to defective membrane expression. Furthermore, when coexpressed with @entity164 , @entity29996 significantly reduced the transport activity of @entity164 . In HEK293 cells, the cytosolic mutant @entity29996 reduced the membrane expression of NBCe1 by forming hetero-oligomer complexes with @entity164 . Among the artificial Leu(522) mutants, @entity29997 showed proper membrane expression and normal transport activity. However, the other mutants @entity29998 , @entity29999 , @entity30000 , and @entity30001 showed a predominant cytosolic retention. Moreover, @entity29998 had a dominant negative effect, when coexpressed with @entity164 . These results indicate that Leu(522) plays an important role in the structure and trafficking of NBCe1. They also suggest that the NBCe1 mutants retaining in cytoplasm may have the dominant negative effect in common, which may induce some clinical manifestations.

title: Identification of dominant negative effect of @entity29996 mutation in the electrogenic XXXX   -HCO       cotransporter NBCe1.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proximal renal tubular acidosis', 'pRTA']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular abnormalities']

answer: @entity4024 :: (D012964,Chemical) :: ['Na']


abstract: A 45-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for treatment of @entity3893 . On physical examination, right testicular volume was 2 ml, left testicular volume was 3 ml, and pubic Tanner stage was 5. Scrotal ultrasonography revealed a high echoic lesion with acoustic shadowing at surfaces of bilateral testes. Semen analysis showed @entity3893 and serum follicle stimulating hormone value was high (28.42 mIU/ml). He was diagnosed with @entity3893 , and underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction. Both testes were filled with shiny granular materials. In excised tissue of the testes, seminiferous tubules containing spermatozoa were found and motile spermatozoa were successfully retrieved. The histological examination revealed many small calcifications which had laminated structure. Spermatogenesis was slightly impaired, and Johnsen's score count was 9. @entity31316 has been reported to be an infrequent condition associated with conditions such as @entity5 and @entity10523 . Such a severe @entity31316 has not been reported previously.

title: [Successful testicular sperm extraction in a non-obstructive azoospermic XXXX with severe @entity31316 : a case report].

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular dysgenesis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity31316 :: ('MESH:C566478', 'Disease') :: ['testicular microlithiasis', 'Testicular microlithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['non-obstructive azoospermia', 'azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Integrins mediate the interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix and are believed to be involved in @entity5 cell survival and @entity3 , and in @entity5 angiogenesis. We used immunohistochemistry of fresh-frozen @entity1 @entity5 tissues to analyze the presence of integrins avb3, avb5 and a5b1, which are believed to be involved in @entity5 growth and @entity4222 , together with integrin ligands, @entity4732 , @entity1096 , fibronectin and @entity2002 , in @entity1 @entity957 . Samples of @entity957 and control tissues from @entity1 without @entity5 undergoing oral or maxillofacial surgery were frozen in liquid @entity1568 within 30 min of removal. Frozen sections were prepared, and the presence of integrins or ligands was visualized using standard immunohistochemistry (APAAP) with a blinded evaluation. Comparison of samples from the 40 @entity5 @entity1 and the 20 controls revealed increased staining in @entity5 compared with the controls, and staining was demonstrated for avb3 in endothelia. avb5 staining was increased in the @entity5 samples, but this was associated with increased expression in stroma rather than in endothelia. Modestly increased expression of a5b1 was observed in the @entity5 samples, and this was associated with @entity5 cells, endothelia and stroma. Expression of ligands for the integrins varied between tissue types, with increased @entity2002 and fibronectin expression in @entity5 endothelia. Confirmation of the presence of these integrins and their association with @entity5 cells, endothelia or stroma suggests their potential for these integrins in @entity1 @entity5 . Overall, the increased expression of integrins within @entity5 , particularly expression associated with endothelial cells, supports the principle of selective integrin blockade as a novel anticancer strategy.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of integrins avb3, avb5 and a5b1, and their ligands, XXXX , fibronectin, @entity1096 and @entity4732 , in frozen sections of @entity1 oral head and neck @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral tumors', 'cancer', 'oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinomas', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: @entity6 induces changes in the structural, biochemical, electrical, and contractile properties of skeletal muscles. @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ) administered locally can induce angiogenesis in a @entity35 @entity63 limb model and restore the contractile function of the @entity63 muscle. The effects of @entity10969 on the contractile characteristics of limb skeletal muscles were examined in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . @entity35 were treated with sham pellets (control groups) or @entity10969 -containing pellets (1 mg of @entity10969 /pellet, 14 days releasing time) administered locally to the @entity35 hind limb 2 months after induction of @entity6 . Contractile properties and fatigability of the slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch gastrocnemius medials muscle were compared in control (sham), control @entity10969 , @entity6 (sham), and @entity6 @entity10969 groups. In order to induce fatigue trains of repetitive tetanic stimulation were used (600 ms/1 s simulation-rest cycle per train, 112 trains at an 85-Hz fusion frequency). Two months of untreated @entity6 significantly prolonged soleus contraction and slowed its relaxation, but had minimal effects on soleus tension. @entity10969 ameliorated the @entity6 effects on soleus speed-related contractile properties, restoring its contraction and relaxation times. @entity6 significantly reduced gastrocnemius medials tetanic tension, leaving its contractile characteristics mostly unaffected. @entity10969 partially restored gastrocnemius tetanic tension production capacity. @entity6 significantly increased fatigability of both muscles, which was partially restored by @entity10969 , as evidenced by restored endurance of soleus muscle. The results suggest that @entity10969 administered locally tends to normalize muscle performance and improve fatigue resistance of skeletal muscles in @entity3839 @entity6 . Further examination is needed to establish the mechanisms of local @entity10969 action on muscle contractile properties in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 .

title: The effects of neuropeptide Y on skeletal muscle contractile properties in @entity3839 XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The issue of this study was the investigation of the dimensional structure of non- @entity716 and @entity716 in 232 first-episode @entity161 @entity1 (ICD-9 295., 297., 298.3, 298.4). The study was conducted within the ABC- @entity161 -Study. The three-factor-model of Liddle with three factors (psychomotor poverty, disorganisation, reality distortion) was replicated for the time at first admission. The model is also valid for first-episode- @entity1 as well as to chronic @entity1 . The comparison of the three-factor-model of Liddle with Crow's dual process model, @entity162 and the "severity-liability" model was done by means of confirmatory factor analysis. The comparison shows that at first admission, the three-factor-model fitted in best with the data. In contrast to previous analyses within the ABC-Study, in which positive correlations have been found between positive and negative symptoms, no positive correlation exists between Liddle's negative and positive dimensions. This may be the consequence of the subdivision of the positive dimension into the two dimensions disorganisation and @entity716 . As within the three-factor-model only the negative dimension and disorganisation correlated weekly, the three dimensions are best viewed as relatively independent for the time at first admission. There are no associations between sex, type of onset, age at onset and the three dimensions of Liddle's model. @entity1 with the familial load are more disorganized and @entity1 with obstetric complications show more negative symptoms. While the negative dimension shows a high stability over five years, the dimensions "disorganisation" and "positive symptoms" are not stable over time. However, there is a high degree of correlation for the dimensions "disorganization" and "positive symptoms" among cross-sections while the negative dimension was independent of the other two dimensions. The negative dimension is a highly significant predictor for @entity717 and social development over five years, whereas the dimensions "disorganization" and "positive symptoms" have no prognostic importance for the outcome in the long term.

title: [Dimensions of XXXX symptomatology. Comparative testing of several theoretical models in a first-episode population sample].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ["Andreasen's bipolar model"]

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['social disability']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: Prior pre-clinical and clinical studies indicate that early decompression of the spinal cord ( <= 24   h post- @entity130 ) may have benefits regarding clinical outcomes and @entity16 after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). This study examines the benchmarking of management of @entity1 with acute traumatic cervical @entity1566 in order to determine the potential barriers and ideal timelines for each step to early surgical decompression. We reviewed @entity1 charts and the Surgical Trial in Acute @entity1566 Study (STASCIS) forms regarding the time and reasons for delay of each step in the management of @entity1 with @entity1566 . The reasons for delays were classified into: 1) health care-related ("extrinsic") factors and 2) @entity1 -related ("intrinsic") factors. The cases were grouped into @entity1 who underwent early surgical decompression of spinal cord (early-surgery group) and individuals who underwent later decompression (later-surgery group). Whereas both groups showed comparable time periods related to intrinsic factors, @entity1 in the early surgery group had a significantly shorter time period associated with extrinsic factors when compared with the later surgery group. Both groups were comparable regarding pre-hospital time, time in a second general hospital prior to transfer to a spine center, and time in the @entity130 emergency department. @entity1 in the early surgery group had a significantly shorter waiting time, shorter waiting time for assessment by a spine surgeon, and a shorter waiting time for a surgical decision than did the later surgery group. Our benchmarking analysis suggests that health-related factors are key determinants of the timing from @entity1566 to spinal cord decompression. Time in the general hospital and time of waiting for a surgical decision were the most important causes of delay of surgical spinal cord decompression. Early surgery is possible in the vast majority of the cases.

title: Process benchmarking appraisal of surgical decompression of spinal cord following traumatic cervical XXXX : opportunities to reduce delays in surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological recovery']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: There is increasing evidence from observational studies that @entity0 risk is inversely associated with soy and green tea consumption. We investigated the effects of these two dietary agents on mammographic density, a well-established biomarker for @entity0 risk, in a cross-sectional analysis of mammograms and validated food frequency questionnaires from 3,315 Chinese @entity1 in Singapore. @entity14220 ( @entity14220 ) was assessed using a reproducible computer-assisted method. We used generalized linear models to estimate @entity14220 by intake of soy, green tea, and black tea while adjusting for potential confounders. Daily green tea drinkers showed statistically significantly lower @entity14220 (19.5%) than non-tea drinkers (21.7%; P = 0.002) after adjusting for relevant covariates. This difference in @entity14220 between daily green tea drinkers and non-tea drinkers remained statistically significant after adjustment for soy (P = 0.002); the effect was more apparent among lower soy consumers (Q1-Q3; 21.9% versus 19.4%; P = 0.002) than in higher (Q4) consumers (20.9% versus 19.5%; P = 0.32). Black tea intake was unrelated to @entity14220 . Only among postmenopausal @entity1 who reported very high soy intake (Q4) compared with those with less soy intake was there any association noted between @entity14220 and soy intake (18.9% versus 20.5%; P = 0.035). Following adjustment for green tea intake, the association between soy and @entity14220 was no longer statistically significant (P = 0.52). Our findings suggest that both regular green tea and high soy intake may have beneficial effects on the breast; the effect of green tea on @entity14220 may be stronger than the effect of soy.

title: Green tea, soy, and mammographic density in Singapore Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14220 :: ('MESH:C564595', 'Disease') :: ['Percent mammographic density', 'PMD']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bracing therapy for @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) continues to be a controversial issue. As a consequence, to achieve an adequate level of evidence, there is a strong need for specific studies conducted according to standard outcome and management criteria. AIM: To assess the outcomes of a modified version of the Cheneau brace, ("Cheneau-P") in @entity1 with @entity1615 , based on @entity6815 and SOSORT criteria. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Scoliosis Unit of a Clinical Center. POPULATION: Sixty-seven @entity1 , 56 females and 11 males. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of @entity1615 , age >= 10 years, Risser Score 0-2, Cobb degrees 20-40, no previous treatment, beginning of brace treatment within 1 year after menarche and minimum 2-year follow-up. According to @entity6815 criteria, bracing outcomes were classified, as follows: "improved" (reduction of the curve >= 6  ), "unchanged" (5   curve progression or reduction), "worsened" (>= 6   curve progression), and "over 45  " (curve exceeding 45   or undergone surgery during the follow-up). The outcomes "improved" and "unchanged" were considered as successful outcomes. Groups and related subgroups were created according to curve type (thoracic, thoraco-lumbar, lumbar and double major) and magnitude (20  -30  ; 30  -40  ) and to skeletal age (Risser score 0, 1, 2). A separate analysis was also performed on the 37 @entity1 , 30 females and 7 males, who completely fulfilled the @entity6815 eligibility criteria, showing spinal curves between 25 and 40 Cobb degrees. RESULTS: In the whole group @entity6815 outcome after bracing treatment was successful in 93% and in 81% of @entity1 , at per protocol (PP) and intention to treat (ITT) analysis, respectively, the latter also including drop-outs as worst outcomes. Cobb angles significantly decreased in all subgroups except in @entity1 showing double major curves, lower curve magnitude (20-30  ) and Risser score 2. Rib humps and balance rate also significantly improved in the whole sample (12.78  4.54 at T0 vs. 6.83  4.33 at T1 P<0.001; 60% at T0 vs. 94% at T1 P<0.001, respectively). In the subgroup that completely fulfilled the @entity6815 eligibility criteria, the outcome was successful in 92% and 83% of @entity1 , at PP and ITT analysis, respectively, the latter also including, even in this case, drop-outs as worst outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that in @entity1 with @entity1615 the treatment with the "Cheneau-P" brace is associated with a remarkably high rate of successful outcomes, both in the whole sample and in the subgroup of @entity1 completely fulfilling the @entity6815 criteria. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The "Cheneau-P" brace proved effective as a conservative treatment for @entity1615 by stabilizing curve progression and limiting the need for surgical treatment.

title: The outcome of a modified version of the Cheneau brace in XXXX ( @entity1615 ) based on @entity6815 and SOSORT criteria: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: Between 1988 and 1997, @entity5 resection was carried out in 18 irradiated @entity1 group 1: 36-72 Gy. 83 implants) and 22 nonirradiated @entity1 (group 2: 92 implants) in the mandible and floor of the mouth, and these @entity1 subsequently underwent mandibular endosseous implant rehabilitation. A total of 23 @entity1 were treated with exclusively implant-supported prostheses, and 16 with implant tissue-supported constructions. Between 1988 and 1991, group 1 and 2 @entity1 received implant tissue-supported prostheses (using two to four implants). Due to prosthesis-related pressure lesions, the strategy has now been changed. Since 1992, group 1 @entity1 have received exclusively implant-supported prostheses (using five to six implants), while group 2 @entity1 have received implant tissue-supported constructions (using four implants). Special criteria for the success of implant-supported maxillofacial prosthetics were drawn up. With an average follow-up period of 37 months 160 fixtures (91%) were clinically osseointegrated. Both types of restoration provided sufficient oral rehabilitation. However, only completely implant-supported prostheses avoided soft tissue ulcers. The overall success rate was about 77% after 7 years in group 1 and about 87% after 9 years in group 2. With regard to implants placed after strategy change, the 5-year success rate was approximately 86% (group 1) and 94% (group 2). In irradiated @entity1 , an exclusively implant-supported prosthesis without any mucosal contact (thus avoiding soft tissue ulcers with a potential to develop @entity7190 ) should therefore be fabricated. Implant tissue-supported restoration is also possible in nonirradiated @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Prosthetic-implantology defect treatment concept for oral rehabilitation of the mandibular area after XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['osteoradionecrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Recent investigations have shown that panoramic radiography might be a useful tool in the early diagnosis of @entity170 . In addition, bone turnover biochemical markers might be valuable in predicting @entity170 and @entity174 risks in the elderly, especially in post-menopausal @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship among the radiomorphometric indices of the mandible, biochemical markers of the bone turnover and hip @entity1555 in a group of post-menopausal @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Evaluations of mandibular cortical width (MCW), mandibular cortical index (CI), panoramic index (PMI) and alveolar crest resorption ratio (M/M ratio) were carried out on panoramic radiographs of 140 post-menopausal @entity1 with an age range of 44-82 years. Hip @entity1555 was measured by DEXA method. @entity1555 values were divided into three groups of normal (T score>-1.0), @entity6092 (T score, -2.5 to -1.0) and @entity3604 (T score<-2.5). Serum alkaline phosphatase and @entity14282 were measured. RESULTS: A decrease in MCW by 1 mm increases the likelihood of @entity2331 or @entity170 up to 40%, having taken into consideration the effect of menopause duration. A 1 mm decrease in MCW increased the likelihood of moderate or severe @entity2681 of the lower cortex of the mandible up to 28% by taking age into consideration. The results did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between bone turnover markers and mandibular radiomorphometric indices. CONCLUSION: Panoramic radiography gives sufficient information to make an early diagnosis regarding @entity170 in post-menopausal @entity1 . Panoramic radiographs may be valuable in the prevention of @entity3604 in elderly @entity1 .

title: Relationship Among Panoramic Radiography Findings, Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Hip @entity1555 in the Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Postmenopausal Osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity306 is considered to be a @entity1957 affecting both posture and movement. It is the manifestation of a @entity75 that took place during the maturing process of the brain. @entity306 is the most frequent variety. The @entity508 presented by these @entity1 strongly influences their functioning and gives rise to several complications that affect their quality of life. AIMS AND DEVELOPMENT: The main aim of this study is to determine a set of suitable and effective therapeutic steps that can be used to improve @entity1 ' @entity508 and to prevent the complications that stem from them, such as contractures, @entity85 , surgery, etc. Multiple treatments were used, including physiotherapy, rehabilitation and oral pharmacotherapy, with few satisfactory results. At present there are two very promising therapeutic alternatives for @entity1 with @entity306 : Botulinum toxin, which we already have a great deal of experience with, and intrathecal treatment with @entity1772 . We report on a series of 10 @entity1 aged between 8 and 15 years who had had an intrathecal @entity1772 infusion pump implanted. To date (maximum follow-up: 12 months), their clinical course has been satisfactory in most cases, with no severe complications related to the surgical technique, except in one individual who presented a fistula that resolved spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal @entity1772 seems to be a very useful alternative in the treatment of @entity508 to improve the quality of life of these @entity1 and those around them.

title: [Intrathecal @entity1772 and Botulinum toxin in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor disorder']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile cerebral palsy', 'infantile cerebral palsy', 'Spastic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['infantile cerebral palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Costly microbiological assays are frequently performed in @entity1 with @entity1902 ( @entity1902 ) to exclude concurrent @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ). The incidence of concurrent @entity2348 in this population is unknown but estimated to be low. The primary objective was to describe the incidence of @entity2348 in @entity1 with @entity1902 . The secondary objective was to elucidate risk factors for prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the cohort. METHODS: All @entity1 < or =18 years seen at a community hospital for laboratory-confirmed @entity1902 over a 4-year period were included in a retrospective cohort study to describe the incidence of concurrent @entity2348 and to identify risk factors for prolonged LOS. Prolonged LOS was defined as hospitalization for > or =3 days. RESULTS: Ninety-four cases of @entity1902 were identified; 58 (61.7%) males and 80 (85.1%) African Americans. The median age was 8 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1 month to 16 years) and 83 @entity1 (88.3%) required admission. There were no cases of @entity2348 . The median LOS was 2 days. Age < or = 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-7.7; P = 0.022) and collection of a peripheral blood culture (adjusted OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.0-7.1; P = 0.043) were associated with LOS > or = 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 evaluated at a community hospital with laboratory-confirmed @entity1902 , no episodes of @entity2348 occurred. This finding challenges the need to perform invasive, costly, microbiological assays to exclude concurrent @entity2348 in this population. @entity1 6 months and younger were at increased risk of prolonged hospitalization from @entity1902 .

title: Ancillary testing in XXXX with @entity1902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['SBI', 'serious bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus gastroenteritis', 'RGE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIM: This study investigated the influence of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) receptor and adrenergic blockade on the renal vasoconstrictions caused by @entity1808 and adrenergic agonists in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). METHODS: Forty-eight SHR were subjected to 7 days of @entity9886 (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.), @entity1405 (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.) or @entity9886 + @entity1405 (10 mg kg(-1) day(-1) + 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) p.o.). On day 8, the @entity35 were anaesthetized and renal vasoconstrictor experiments performed. One group of @entity35 underwent acute unilateral renal denervation. RESULTS: There were significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the renal vasoconstrictor responses to @entity1063 , @entity2647 , @entity7202 and @entity1808 after @entity9886 and @entity1405 treatments compared with that in untreated @entity35 (all P < 0.05). However, in renally denervated SHR treated with @entity1405 , the vasoconstrictor responses to all the vasoactive agents were enhanced compared with those in SHR with intact renal nerves treated with @entity1405 . Intact SHR given both @entity9886 and @entity1405 showed greater renal vasoconstrictor responses to the vasoactive agents than when given either @entity9886 or @entity1405 alone (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1405 reduced the vasoconstrictor response to @entity1808 and all the adrenergic agonists in the presence of the renal nerves, but, following the removal of renal sympathetic activity, @entity1405 enhanced the sensitivity of both renal alpha(1)-adrenoceptors and @entity1129 (1) receptors to the vasoactive agents. Co-treatment with @entity9886 and @entity1405 reduced the renal vasoconstrictor responses to exogenously administered vasoactive agents but to a lesser extent than @entity9886 or @entity1405 alone. The results obtained demonstrate an interaction between @entity1808 receptors and adrenergic neurotransmission in the SHR.

title: Influence of sympathetic and @entity1129 -receptor blockade on XXXX and adrenergic agonist-induced renal vasoconstrictions in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol', 'Carvedilol']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1808 :: (24179(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: As there is a risk for relapse in early @entity0 , especially at 1-3 years post surgery, the need for adjuvant therapy is clear. In terms of disease-free survival, aromatase inhibitors have emerged as superior to @entity440 for the adjuvant treatment of hormone-sensitive @entity0 in several Phase III clinical trials. Of these trials, the @entity29906 -98 trial stands out as unique in design, as it is the only trial to address whether an aromatase inhibitor is more effective as initial adjuvant therapy or as sequential therapy with an aromatase inhibitor and @entity440 in either order and in rigor of end points and safety evaluations. When compared with @entity440 , @entity4672 has been shown to significantly reduce recurrence risk in the overall population by 19% and also significantly reduced recurrence risk in the @entity1 subgroups at increased risk: node-positive and previously chemotherapy-treated @entity1 . @entity4672 is the only aromatase inhibitor to demonstrate a significant 27% reduction in the risk of distant metastases (p = 0.001) in the clinically relevant, @entity5282 -positive population in the initial adjuvant setting. Recent results also suggest that @entity4672 in particular reduces the risk of distant metastases early on after initial surgery for @entity0 . This is important, as early distant metastatic events compose the majority of early recurrences and are a well-recognized predictor of @entity0 . @entity4672 has been found to be well tolerated in the initial adjuvant treatment setting, and these data have been confirmed by long-term safety data from the monotherapy analysis in the @entity29906 -98 study. Thus far, the results from the @entity29906 -98 trial provide clear support for the use of @entity4672 in the initial adjuvant treatment of @entity0 . Future studies will provide the definitive answer to questions of which initial adjuvant therapy is superior (i.e., @entity13558 or @entity4672 ) and information as to the optimal treatment strategy (i.e., initial adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy or sequential adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy).

title: The Breast International Group 1-98 trial: big results for XXXX with hormone-sensitive early @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer death']

entities_list: @entity29906 :: ('5067', 'Gene') :: ['Breast International Group (BIG) 1', 'BIG 1']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have established the pivotal role of irritants and allergens in development of chronic @entity9252 and the significant improvement with corticosteroid therapy. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this randomized, unblinded, comparative study was to compare the efficacy of @entity1140 ointment 0.1% vs. @entity289 0.1% in the treatment of chronic @entity9252 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with chronic @entity9252 were randomized 1:1:1 to apply twice daily either @entity289 0.1% or @entity1140 0.1% ointment or emollient. Protective measures were counselled to all @entity1 . Treatment duration was 3 weeks and @entity1 were followed for an additional 6 weeks. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 in the @entity5935 group were considered as cured, two as improved and four as nonresponders at the end of the treatment period. Thirteen @entity1 in the @entity1140 group were considered as cured and one as improved at the end of the treatment period. Nine @entity1 in the emollient group were considered as stable and six failed to respond. Both @entity5935 and @entity1140 groups presented statistically significantly greater cure or improvement rates when compared with the emollient group (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1140 ointment appears to be a more efficacious agent than @entity289 or placebo for the treatment of chronic @entity9252 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity1140 ointment 0.1% vs. @entity289 0.1% in the treatment of chronic XXXX : an unblinded randomized study.

entities_list: @entity289 :: ('MESH:D001624', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone 17-valerate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity9252 :: ('MESH:D010304', 'Disease') :: ['paronychia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity9252 :: (MESH:D010304,Disease) :: ['paronychia']


abstract: Enamel @entity3296 is an irreversible structural enamel defect following exposure to supraoptimal levels of @entity1388 during amelogenesis. We hypothesized that @entity3296 is associated with excess release of protons during formation of hypermineralized lines in the mineralizing enamel matrix. We tested this concept by analyzing @entity154 in wild-type @entity19 and @entity19 deficient in anion exchanger-2a,b (Ae2a,b), a transmembrane protein in maturation ameloblasts that exchanges extracellular Cl(-) for @entity3157 . Defects were more pronounced in fluorotic Ae2a,b (-/-) @entity19 than in fluorotic heterozygous or wild-type @entity19 . Phenotypes included a hypermineralized surface, extensive subsurface hypomineralization, and multiple hypermineralized lines in deeper enamel. Mineral content decreased in all @entity1388 -exposed and Ae2a,b(-/-) @entity19 and was strongly correlated with Cl(-). Exposure of enamel surfaces underlying maturation-stage ameloblasts to pH indicator dyes suggested the presence of diffusion barriers in fluorotic enamel. These results support the concept that @entity1388 stimulates hypermineralization at the mineralization front. This causes increased release of protons, which ameloblasts respond to by secreting more bicarbonates at the expense of Cl(-) levels in enamel. The @entity1388 -induced hypermineralized lines may form barriers that impede diffusion of proteins and mineral ions into the subsurface layers, thereby delaying biomineralization and causing retention of enamel matrix proteins.

title: Barrier formation: potential molecular mechanism of enamel XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['fluorotic enamel defects']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3296 :: (MESH:D009050,Disease) :: ['fluorosis']


abstract: @entity354 is the main complaint after intrathoracic gastroplasty for @entity189 . Eighteen @entity1 who underwent intrathoracic gastroplasty were studied by 24 hour pH monitoring. Two groups of @entity1 were separately evaluated according to the surgical procedure performed--group 1, nine @entity1 with tubulized stomach and gastroesophageal @entity254 at the apex of the thorax, and group 2, nine @entity1 without tubulized stomach and with @entity258 . @entity354 and gastric function were analyzed. @entity354 was clinically present in 36 per cent of @entity1 . During the 24 hour pH monitoring period, the percentage of time that the esophageal electrode showed a pH value of less than 4 was shorter for group 1 than for group 2 (13.3 +/- 11.3 versus 32.7 +/- 21.7), indicating less @entity354 . Gastric secretion was also studied with 24 hour pH monitoring. Gastric secretion was reduced after gastroplasty, compared with a control group. Gastric secretion was identical between groups 1 and 2. Tubulization did not impair gastric secretion. Findings from this study show that good functional results can be achieved after intrathoracic gastroplasty if the @entity254 is performed on the neck or at the apex of the thorax. This technique can reduce @entity354 without an antireflux procedure.

title: pH monitoring for 24 hours of XXXX and gastric function after intrathoracic gastroplasty after esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'Gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low gastroesophageal anastomosis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe early @entity813 has been occasionally encountered following adult living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We have assessed the effectiveness of plasmapheresis (PP) as liver support for LDLT recipients with severe early @entity813 . METHODS: Of the 789 adult LDLTs performed between January 2007 and December 2009, 50 @entity1 (6.3%) underwent PP as a supportive measure during the first month. RESULTS: The mean time from LDLT to start of plasmapheresis was 11.2    6.8 days (range 2-28). The 50 @entity1 underwent 517 sessions of PP, or a mean of 10.3    6.8 sessions per @entity1 , over a mean 21.6    9.4 days. Thirty-four @entity1 (68%) required concurrent hemodiafiltration. Mean serum total @entity648 concentration before PP was 16.2    6.7 mg/dL, peaking at 20.3    7.9 mg/dL during PP, and decreasing to 13.4    5.4 mg/dL 1 week after completion of PP (P < .001 compared with before PP). Except for prothrombin time, no other biochemical parameter was significantly altered by PP. There were no serious complications related to PP. Of the 50 @entity1 , 17 (34%) died soon or a few months after PP. The 6-month graft survival rate after completion of PP was 66%; the overall 1-year @entity1 survival rate was 64.0%. CONCLUSION: PP appeared to have beneficial effects for LDLT recipients with severe early @entity813 , namely total @entity648 concentrations greater than 10 mg/dL.

title: Role of plasmapheresis as liver support for early XXXX following adult living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity813 :: (MESH:D055031,Disease) :: ['graft dysfunction']


abstract: Herniation of the intervertebral disk is a common cause of @entity51 in the @entity235 , particularly in the Dachshund. Using the Illumina CanineHD BeadChip, we have previously identified a major locus on @entity235 chromosome 12 @entity4334 positions 36,750,205-38,524,449 that strongly associates with @entity730 in Danish wire-haired Dachshunds. In this study, targeted resequencing identified two synonymous variants in @entity35518 and one in the 5'-untranslated region of @entity35519 that associates with @entity730 in an independent sample of wire-haired Dachshunds. Haploview identified seven linkage disequilibrium blocks across the disease-associated region. The effect of haplotype windows on disk calcification shows that all haplotype windows are significantly associated with disk calcification. However, our predictions imply that the causal variant(s) are most likely to be found between @entity4334 36,750,205-37,494,845 as this region explains the highest proportion of variance in the dataset. Finally, we develop a risk prediction model for wire-haired Dachshunds. We validated the association of the chromosome 12 locus with disk calcification in an independent sample of wire-haired Dachshunds and identify potential risk variants. Additionally, we estimated haplotype effects and set up a model for prediction of disk calcifications in wire-haired Dachshunds based on genotype data. This genetic prediction model may prove useful in selection of breeding animals in future breeding programs.

title: Validation of genome-wide XXXX associations in dachshund and further investigation of the chromosome 12 susceptibility locus.

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disk calcification']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['intervertebral disk calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptor ( @entity2938 / @entity11709 heterodimers recognize bacterial lipopeptides and initiate the production of inflammatory mediators. Adaptors and co-receptors that mediate this process, as well as the mechanisms by which these adaptors and co-receptors function, are still being discovered. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using shRNA, blocking antibodies, and fluorescent microscopy, we show that U937 macrophage responses to the @entity26087 ligand, Pam(3)CSK(4), are dependent upon an integrin, a(3)b(1). The mechanism for integrin a(3)b(1) involvement in @entity26087 signaling is through its role in endocytosis of lipopeptides. Using inhibitors of endosomal acidification/maturation and physical tethering of the ligand, we show that the endocytosis of Pam(3)CSK(4) is necessary for the complete @entity26087 -mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine response. We also show that @entity26087 signaling from the endosome results in the induction of different inflammatory mediators than @entity26087 signaling from the plasma membrane. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Here we identify integrin a(3)b(1) as a novel regulator for the recognition of bacterial lipopeptides. We demonstrate that induction of a specific subset of cytokines is dependent upon integrin a(3)b(1)-mediated endocytosis of the ligand. In addition, we address an ongoing controversy regarding endosomal recognition of bacterial lipopeptides by demonstrating that @entity26087 signals from within endosomal compartments as well as the plasma membrane, and that downstream responses may differ depending upon receptor localization. We propose that the regulation of endosomal @entity26087 signaling by integrin a(3)b(1) serves as a mechanism for modulating inflammatory responses.

title: Human integrin a(3)b(1) regulates XXXX recognition of lipopeptides from endosomal compartments.

answer: @entity2938 :: (7097,Gene) :: ['TLR2']