abstract: This randomized study of previously untreated @entity1 with @entity151 was designed (a) to compare the survival of @entity1 treated with either effective standard chemotherapy or an investigational anti- @entity5 drug as initial therapy and (b) to evaluate response rates and toxic effects of such therapies. One hundred and thirty-five @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive as initial therapy, either the standard @entity3895 regimen-- @entity786 (1000 mg/m(2)), @entity632 (50 mg/m(2)) and @entity1891 (1.4 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks--or the phase II drugs @entity1260 (1.5 gm/m(2)/days 1-5) with mesna (300 mg/m(2)) dose at 0, 4 and 8 h after IV daily @entity1260 every 3 weeks or @entity2663 (60 mg/m(2)/days 1-5) every 3 weeks. Nonresponders received salvage chemotherapy- @entity2879 (120 mg/m(2) on days 1, 2 and 3) and @entity900 (60 mg/m(2) on day 1), repeated every 3 weeks. Among the 46 @entity1 on @entity3895 , there were two complete and 24 partial responses (56%). Among the 43 @entity1 on @entity1260 , there were three complete and 18 partial responses (49%), while among the 46 @entity1 on @entity2663 , there were two complete and 18 partial responses (43%). Eighty-three of the @entity1 proceeded onto salvage regimen, of which 81 were analyzable for response and @entity137 . Among the 81 @entity1 who continued on salvage therapy and were evaluable for response, the overall best response rate was 61% for @entity3895 +salvage, 54% for @entity1260 +salvage, and 53% for @entity2663 +salvage. These rates were not significantly different (P=0.962). Of the 135 analyzable @entity1 , 130 (96%) have died. The estimated median survival time was 42 weeks for @entity3895 @entity1 , 43 weeks for @entity1260 , and 38 weeks for @entity2663 . Seven @entity1 survived longer than 2 years (four on @entity3895 , one on @entity1260 and two on @entity2663 ). There were 29 life-threatening complications to the induction regimen (22 (48%) on @entity3895 , four (9%) on @entity1260 and three (7%) on @entity2663 ) and seven lethal complications (two on @entity3895 , four on @entity1260 and one on @entity2663 ). The treatments were significantly different with respect to the overall degree of @entity137 (P < 0.0001) with @entity3895 being more toxic. The data of this study, like the previous ECOG study suggests that the administration of a new agent followed by effective salvage chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity151 may have no adverse effect on survival.

title: Study of either @entity1260 or @entity2663 compared to a standard chemotherapy for XXXX : an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group randomized study (E1588).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2663 :: ('MESH:D013713', 'Chemical') :: ['teniposide']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['extensive disease small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Protein- @entity669 phosphatases (PTPs) are important for the control of proper cellular @entity669 phosphorylation. Despite the large number of PTPs encoded in the @entity1 genome and the emerging roles played by PTPs in @entity1 diseases, a detailed understanding of the role played by PTPs in normal physiology and in pathogenic conditions has been hampered by the absence of PTP-specific inhibitors. Such inhibitors could serve as useful tools for determining the physiological functions of PTPs and may constitute valuable therapeutics in the treatment of several @entity1 diseases. However, because of the highly conserved nature of the active site, it has been difficult to develop selective PTP inhibitors. By taking an approach to tether together two small ligands that can interact simultaneously with the active site and a unique proximal noncatalytic site, we have recently acquired Compound 2 (see Fig. 1), the most potent and selective @entity4641 inhibitor identified to date, which exhibits several orders of magnitude selectivity in favor of @entity4641 against a panel of PTPs. We describe an evaluation of the interaction between 2 and its analogs with @entity4641 and its site-directed mutants selected based on @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange of @entity4641 backbone amides in the presence and absence of 2. We have established the binding mode of Compound 2 and identified 12 @entity4641 residues that are important for the potency and selectivity of Compound 2. Although many of the residues important for Compound 2 binding are not unique to @entity4641 , the combinations of all contact residues differ between PTP isozymes, which suggest that the binding surface defined by these residues in individual PTPs determines inhibitor selectivity. Our results provide structural information toward understanding of the molecular basis for potent and selective @entity4641 inhibition and further establish the feasibility of acquiring potent, yet highly selective, PTP inhibitory agents.

title: Probing the molecular basis for potent and selective protein- XXXX phosphatase 1B inhibition.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: @entity23128 ( @entity23128 ) is a polymodal modulated non-selective cation channel required for normal development and maintenance of bone and cartilage. Heterozygous mutations of this channel cause a variety of @entity13192 , including @entity52489 ( @entity52489 ). We analyzed the effect of a novel @entity23128 mutation @entity67531 , @entity67532 on intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i ) regulation in chondrocytes and compared this response to chondrocytes with a frequently observed mutation, @entity67533 , @entity67534 . We observed temperature-dependent [ @entity141 ]i oscillations in both intact and @entity52489 chondrocytes however, @entity52489 mutations exhibited increased peak magnitudes of [ @entity141 ]i during oscillations. We also found increased baseline [ @entity141 ]i in @entity52489 primary cells, as well as increased [ @entity141 ]i response to either @entity4 or the TRVP4-specific agonist, GSK1016790A. Oscillations and stimulation responses were blocked with the @entity23128 -specific antagonist, GSK205. Analysis of [ @entity141 ]i response kinetics showed that @entity52489 chondrocytes had increased frequency of temperature-sensitive oscillations, and the magnitude and duration of [ @entity141 ]i responses to given stimuli. Duration of the response of the @entity67532 mutation to stimulation was greater than for the @entity67534 mutation. These experiments show that this region of the channel is essential for proper [ @entity141 ]i regulation. These studies of primary cells from @entity1 show how both mutant and WT @entity23128 channels regulate cartilage and bone development.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: A mutation in XXXX results in altered chondrocyte @entity460 signaling in severe @entity52489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23128 :: ('59341', 'Gene') :: ['TRPV4', 'Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4']

entities_list: @entity67532 :: ('p|SUB|G|800|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly800Asp']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic swelling']

entities_list: @entity52489 :: ('MESH:C537356', 'Disease') :: ['metatropic dysplasia', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity67534 :: ('p|SUB|P|799|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Pro799Leu']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13192 :: ('MESH:D053447', 'Disease') :: ['channelopathies']

answer: @entity23128 :: (59341,Gene) :: ['TRPV4']


abstract: The surface epithelium lining the nasal airways is a potential target for inhaled contaminants such as @entity1787 , endotoxin, @entity406 , @entity286 smoke, and organic dusts. The epithelial response to injury may depend on the toxicant, the type of epithelium, the severity of the injury, and the presence of inflammatory cells and their secreted products. To study mechanisms of toxicant-induced @entity130 and repair, in the absence of cellular inflammation or other systemic effects, we have developed a culture system to maintain morphologically distinct nasal airway epithelium in vitro. Microdissected maxilloturbinates and proximal nasal septa of male F344/ @entity35 were cultured at an air-liquid interface for up to 14 d in supplemented serum-free medium. Maxilloturbinates are lined by nonciliated cuboidal nasal transitional epithelium (NTE) with few or no mucous cells. The proximal nasal septum is lined by a mucociliary respiratory epithelium (RE) that normally contains numerous mucous cells. Preservation of the normal RE and NTE phenotype in culture was assessed by light and electron microscopy, and analysis of an airway @entity19453 gene ( @entity7941 ) messenger RNA (mRNA). Both RE and NTE retained normal cell morphology for 14 @entity41445 ( @entity41445 ). After 14 @entity41445 there were 20% fewer RE cells in the septa (equal loss of ciliated and mucous cells) and 25% more NTE cells in the maxilloturbinates (increased number of basal cells). Compared with the RE, the NTE expressed consistently low levels of @entity7941 mRNA and had little to no histochemically detectable intraepithelial mucosubstances (IM) after 0, 3, 7, or 14 @entity41445 . The amount of stored IM and the steady-state levels of @entity7941 mRNA in the RE decreased with time in culture. In summary, this culture system can maintain fully differentiated secretory and nonsecretory @entity35 airway epithelia in vitro for up to 14 d. This study was an essential first step in developing a system to study the pathogenesis of toxicant-induced @entity130 and mechanisms of cellular repair and adaptation in the absence of cellular inflammation and other systemic influences.

title: In vitro culture of microdissected XXXX nasal airway tissues.

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity41445 :: ('MESH:C538319', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'd in culture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial injury', 'airway epithelial injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To  retrospectively analyze factors influencing survival in @entity1 with @entity1149 presenting with  <=3 synchronous metastatic lesions. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We identified 90 @entity1 presenting between 1998 and 2012 with @entity1149 and  <=3 metastatic lesions who had received at least 2 cycles of chemotherapy followed by surgery or radiation therapy before disease progression. The median number of chemotherapy cycles before @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ) (including concurrent chemoradiation as first-line therapy) was 6. Factors potentially affecting overall ( @entity3012 ) or progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated with @entity797 proportional hazards regression. Propensity score matching was used to assess the efficacy of @entity1650 . RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 46.6  months. Benefits in @entity3012 (27.1 vs 13.1  months) and PFS (11.3  months vs 8.0  months) were found with @entity1650 , and the differences were statistically significant when propensity score matching was used (P   <=  .01). On adjusted analysis, @entity1650 had a statistically significant benefit in terms of @entity3012 (hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-0.70; P   <=  .01) but not PFS (P=.10). In an adjusted subgroup analysis of @entity1 receiving @entity1650 , favorable performance status (hazard ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-0.84; P=.01) was found to predict improved @entity3012 . CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive local therapy was associated with improved @entity3012 in an adjusted analysis and seemed to favorably influence @entity3012 and PFS when factors such as N status, number of metastatic lesions, and disease sites were controlled for with propensity score-matched analysis. @entity1 with favorable performance status had improved outcomes with @entity1650 . Ultimately, prospective, randomized trials are needed to provide definitive evidence as to the optimal treatment approach for this @entity1 population.

title: Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Comprehensive Local Therapy for Oligometastatic XXXX That Did Not Progress After Front-Line Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['CLT', 'comprehensive local therapy']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: The apoptotic mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in testis are poorly understood. In the present study, the rates of testicular spermatozoa with active @entity522 were quantified in testicular samples with normal and impaired spermatogenesis. Testicular spermatozoa were collected from 18 @entity1 after testicular biopsy during assisted reproductive treatments: five presented @entity6660 , four @entity12108 ( @entity12108 ), five secondary obstructive @entity3893 (sOAZ) and four @entity6660 . Ejaculated samples were derived from six normozoospermic @entity1 . Testicular spermatozoa were analysed using a fluorescence microscope and differences among groups were calculated using regression logistic models. Total rates of spermatozoa with active @entity522 were significantly higher in sOAZ (78.6  13.9), followed by @entity6660 (70.8  5.8), @entity12108 (55.9  25.5), @entity6660 (31.7  31.0) and normozoospermia (20.4  15.5). Distinct patterns of active @entity522 were observed in testicular spermatozoa compartments: midpiece, equatorial region, acrosomal vesicle region, nucleus and cytoplasm. @entity6660 showed active @entity522 mainly in the midpiece. In @entity12108 , sOAZ and @entity6660 , active @entity522 was mainly in the nucleus, although no differences were found between @entity6660 and @entity6660 . In sOAZ, active @entity522 in the spermatozoa nucleus was 1.89-fold higher than in @entity12108 . Results suggest that @entity6554 may induce nuclear lesions and that disrupted spermatozoa production observed in cases of @entity6660 might be associated with @entity2383 .

title: @entity522 detection in XXXX testicular spermatozoa from azoospermic and non-azoospermic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['CBAVD', 'congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['tubular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligozoospermia', 'hypospermatogenesis', 'Hypospermatogenesis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the @entity6839 / @entity15438 fixed combination vs latanoprost 0.005% in @entity9998 @entity1 . METHODS: We randomized in an observer-masked fashion 65 newly diagnosed @entity9998 @entity1 to either the @entity6839 / @entity15438 twice daily or latanoprost daily treatment for 2 months and then crossed these over to the other treatment. RESULTS: A total of fifty-four @entity1 completed the study. After 2 months of chronic dosing, the @entity2790 (IOP) (10:00) was reduced from a baseline of 31.2+/-6.5 mmHg to 18.1+/-3.0 with the fixed combination and to 18.9+/-4.1 mmHg with latanoprost (P = 0.21). Six @entity1 were discontinued early from both treatment periods owing to inadequate IOP control and two others were discontinued from latanoprost treatment only. The fixed combination showed a significantly greater incidence of taste perversion (P < 0.001) and stinging upon instillation (P = 0.036), while latanoprost showed a trend for increased conjunctival injection (P = 0.056). However, five @entity1 demonstrated either @entity1168 or @entity748 symptoms with initiation of the fixed combination therapy. One @entity1 on latanoprost complained of @entity1296 . @entity1 preference was generally given to latanoprost (63 vs 20.3%) mainly because of its once daily dosing (P < 0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that both latanoprost and the @entity6839 / @entity15438 fixed combination are efficacious in the treatment of newly diagnosed @entity9998 .

title: The efficacy and safety of the @entity6839 / XXXX fixed combination vs latanoprost in @entity9998 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliation glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['morning intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity15438 :: (MESH:C062765,Chemical) :: ['dorzolamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors leading to the retreatment for @entity378 . MATERIALS: Forty-seven retreatment cases with @entity1907 , who were discharged from the National Chiba Higashi Hospital from 2000 to 2002. METHODS: Data on all retreatment cases were studied as to the condition of the original treatment and factors leading to the retreatment. RESULTS: Of the 47 cases, 33 cases received the original treatment in our hospital. Of the 33 cases, 24 cases were relapsed cases and 9 cases were defaulters. Most relapsed cases were male aged 50s and 12 cases (50%) were jobless. As the factors leading to retreatment, the delay in the negative conversion of sputum culture accounted for 11 cases (45.8%) out of 24 cases. No specific factors were found in three cases (12.5%). Among the defaulters, no bias was seen as to age and occupation of cases, but all the cases were male, and they defaulted during the maintenance phase of treatment at the out- @entity1 department. CONSIDERATION: The delay in the negative conversion of sputum culture was the main factor relating to the relapse. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is one of the factors leading to the relapse, but many factors were observed in @entity6 @entity1 . Male cases aged 50s had many factors leading to the relapse. An intensive management for out- @entity1 and involvement of welfare department aiming at the completion of treatment for the socially vulnerable groups might be necessary as the measure to prevent defaulting. CONCLUSION: The delay in the negative conversion of sputum culture was the main factor leading to relapse, and intensive management for out- @entity1 aiming at the completion of treatment is necessary to prevent the defaulting.

title: [A study on XXXX retreatment cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The rate of decline of residual renal function is slower in @entity298 ( @entity298 ) than in hemodialysis. However, it is unclear which and whether either of the two techniques modifies the natural course of @entity177 . We tested whether @entity298 influences the natural course of the progression of @entity177 in @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of clinical charts. SETTING: Tertiary-care center. @entity1 : Fourteen @entity1 were selected from the 36 @entity1 that were treated with @entity298 in our center from January 1997 to June 2000, applying the following criteria: predialysis follow-up longer than 12 months, renal @entity1011 clearance 20 mL/minute or more at the start of predialysis follow-up, follow-up while on @entity298 longer than 6 months, and renal @entity1011 clearance above 0 mL/minute at the start of @entity298 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Residual renal function calculated as renal @entity1011 clearance obtained from 24-hour urine samples. RESULTS: A lower mean rate of decline of residual renal function was observed during @entity298 than during the predialysis period (-0.06 +/- 0.16 vs -0.94 +/- 0.74 mL/min/month, p < 0.0005). The rate of decline in renal @entity1011 clearance was faster in every @entity1 during the predialysis period than during his or her time on @entity298 . CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data support the hypothesis that @entity298 may contribute to the slowing of the natural progression of @entity8 in @entity1 , as it does in rodents. Prospective studies involving a larger number of @entity1 are needed to settle the question.

title: Peritoneal dialysis retardation of progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['advanced renal failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Probably, laparoscopic radical cystectomy with @entity4628 and neovesicourethral @entity254 is one of the most complex procedures in minimally invasive surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study carried out in 72 @entity1 surgically treated for invasive @entity1494 between January 2008 and October 2013. @entity1 were undergone to radical cystectomy with @entity4628 (open approach in 33 @entity1 and laparoscopic approach in 39). The study assessed comparatively surgical outcomes, continence rate and @entity260 . RESULTS: Mean age was 63.5  9 years (64.3 open vs. 62.7 laparoscopic, P=.46) mean surgery time 323.6  78.7minutes (321.3 vs. 326.5, P=.77), average hospital stay 14.8 days  8,1 (16.2 vs. 13.6, P=.2), transfusion rate 40.3% (66.7% vs. 17.9%, P<.0001) and complications rate 47.2% (63.6% vs. 33.3%, P=.01). Major complications were reported in 29.1% of cases (39.4% open vs. 20,5% laparoscopic, P=.07). With a mean follow-up rate of 42.5  19.2 months (range 15-70), 50 (69.4%) @entity1 remain alive and free of disease. Continence was evaluated in these @entity1 : total continence rate was 38% (50% vs. 27%, P=.09) and diurnal continence rate 58% (70.8% vs. 46.1%, P=.07). Self-catheterization rate was 8% (4.2% vs. 11.5%, @entity1116 ). Total @entity322 rate was 34% (25% vs. 42.3%, @entity4452 ). CONCLUSION: According to our experience, transfusion rate, number and severity of complications are lower in laparoscopic cystectomy with @entity4628 . No statistically significant impact on operative time and on hospital stay was observed. In @entity1 undergone to laparoscopic approach, continence rate is lower but not statistically significant.

title: A comparative study between open and laparoscopic approach in radical cystectomy with orthotopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal neobladder']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal neobladder']


abstract: PURPOSE: Clinical practice guidelines recommend pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of surgery for intermediate or high risk @entity263 . Therefore, we examined the relationship of pelvic lymph node dissection and detection of lymph node @entity3 with hospital characteristics and surgical approach among @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the National @entity5 Data Base we identified surgically treated @entity1 with pretreatment intermediate or high risk disease from 2010 to 2011. Primary outcomes were treatment with pelvic lymph node dissection and extended pelvic lymph node dissection, as well as the detection of lymph node @entity3 . Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test whether hospital characteristics and surgical approach were associated with each outcome. RESULTS: Among the 50,671 surgically treated @entity1 70.8% (35,876) underwent concomitant pelvic lymph node dissection, 26.6% (9,543) underwent extended pelvic lymph node dissection and 4.5% (1,621) had lymph node @entity3 . Pelvic lymph node dissection was performed more often at high volume vs low volume hospitals (81.2% vs 65.4%, adjusted OR 2.20, p=0.01), but less frequently with robotic assisted radical prostatectomy vs open radical prostatectomy (67.5% vs 81.8%, adjusted OR 0.30, p <0.001). Higher odds ratios for lymph node @entity3 were also demonstrated with high vs low volume (OR 1.35, p=0.01) and academic vs community hospitals (OR 1.35, p <0.001). However, @entity1 treated with robotic assisted radical prostatectomy had lower odds ratios for lymph node @entity3 compared to those undergoing open radical prostatectomy (OR 0.56, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort a third of @entity1 are not receiving guideline recommended treatment with pelvic lymph node dissection for @entity263 . Pelvic lymph node dissection and detection of lymph node @entity3 varied by surgical approach, hospital volume and academic status.

title: Variation in Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection among @entity1 Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy by Hospital Characteristics and Surgical Approach: Results from the National XXXX Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to test whether childhood bullying victimization increases risk for age-related disease at mid-life using biological markers including @entity32 and adiposity, independent of other childhood risk factors and key adult variables. METHOD: The present study was a 50-year prospective longitudinal birth cohort study of all births in Britain in 1 week in 1958. Exposure to bullying was assessed prospectively when @entity1 were aged 7 and 11 years (27.7% occasionally bullied; 14.6% frequently bullied). Blood @entity32 biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen] and adiposity [body mass index (BMI) and waist:hip ratio] were measured at age 45 years. RESULTS: @entity1 who had been frequently bullied in childhood showed increased levels of CRP at mid-life [b = 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.10] and higher risk for clinically relevant @entity32 cut-off [ @entity29726 mg/l: 20.4% v. 15.9%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.64]. @entity1 who were bullied in childhood had higher BMI than non-bullied @entity1 and were at increased risk of being @entity28 (BMI >=  30 kg/m2: occasionally bullied: 26.0% v. 19.4%, OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.18-1.77; frequently bullied: 26.2% v. 19.4%, OR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.83). Findings remained significant when controlling for childhood risk factors (e.g. parental social class; @entity1 ' BMI and psychopathology in childhood) and key adult variables (e.g. adult social class, smoking, diet and exercise). CONCLUSIONS: Bullied @entity1 show increases in risk factors for age-related disease in middle adulthood, independent of co-occurring childhood and adult risks. Given the high prevalence of bullying victimization in childhood, tackling this form of psychosocial stress early in life has the potential of reducing risk for age-related disease and its associated burden.

title: Bullying victimization in childhood predicts XXXX and @entity28 at mid-life: a five-decade birth cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity56 ) is a form of paranasal nasal disease if not managed early often involves @entity79 and extension into the orbit and anterior skull base. We present our study of @entity1 with @entity56 with intracranial, exdradural extension. This study includes our experience of 26 @entity1 with the histological and immunological diagnosis of @entity56 based on findings of branching septate fungi interspersed with eosinophilic @entity3558 and Charcot-Leyden crystals without fungal invasion of soft tissue, with intracranial extension. All had erosion of bone, which was observed on computerized tomography (CT) scans, extending intracranially and eight had disease that additionally involved the lamina papyracea. The average age of @entity1 in this study was 25 years (range 9-46). There were 20 male and 6 female @entity1 . All @entity1 were immunocompetent. Skin test against aspergillin showed all @entity1 had Type 1 @entity56 . All @entity1 underwent transnasal and/or transmaxillary endoscopic approaches for debridement and eight underwent orbital decompression. No @entity1 underwent craniotomy for @entity7181 . No @entity1 had a @entity5173 . Postoperatively, all 26 were treated with a course of corticosteroids. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5 years. We conclude @entity56 is a unique form of @entity364 that might @entity13382 . Most cases can be successfully managed with transnasal and/or transmaxillary endoscopic techniques.

title: XXXX with intracranial spread.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity13382 :: ('MESH:D010255', 'Disease') :: ['mimic anterior skull base and paranasal sinus tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic fungal sinusitis', 'AFS', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['removal of intracranial extradural disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Management of allergic fungal sinusitis']


abstract: Myrothecium roridum is a plant pathogenic fungus that infects different crops and decreases the yield of economical crops, including @entity1460 , @entity2708 , @entity4336 , pepper, and @entity523 . Until now, the pathogenic mechanism of M. roridum has remained unclear. Different types of @entity26234 mycotoxins were isolated from M. roridum, and @entity26234 was considered as a plant pathogenic factor of M. roridum. In this study, the transcriptome of M. roridum in different incubation durations was sequenced using an Illumina Hiseq 2000. A total of 35,485 transcripts and 25,996 unigenes for M. roridum were obtained from 8.0 Gb clean reads. The protein-protein network of the M. roridum transcriptome indicated that the mitogen-activated protein kinases signal pathway also played an important role in the pathogenicity of M. roridum. The genes related to @entity26234 biosynthesis were annotated. The expression levels of these genes were also predicted and validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tri5 gene encoding @entity43869 synthase was cloned and expressed, and the purified @entity43869 synthase was able to catalyze @entity23160 into different kinds of @entity41000 .Tri4 and Tri11 genes were expressed in @entity526 , and their corresponding enzymatic properties were characterized. The phylogenetic tree of @entity43869 synthase showed a great discrepancy between the @entity43869 synthase from M. roridum and other species. Our study on the genes related to @entity26234 biosynthesis establishes a foundation for the M. roridum hazard prevention, thus improving the yields of economical crops.

title: De Novo Transcriptome Analysis of Plant Pathogenic Fungus Myrothecium roridum and Identification of Genes Associated with XXXX Mycotoxin Biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity23160 :: ('MESH:C004808', 'Chemical') :: ['farnesyl pyrophosphate']

entities_list: @entity41000 :: ('CHEBI:26658', 'Chemical') :: ['sesquiterpenoids']

entities_list: @entity43869 :: ('MESH:C012075', 'Chemical') :: ['trichodiene']

entities_list: @entity26234 :: ('CHEBI:55517', 'Chemical') :: ['trichothecene']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity26234 :: (CHEBI:55517,Chemical) :: ['Trichothecene']


abstract: @entity1 : Male, 16. FINAL DIAGNOSIS: @entity715 (Paget-Schroetter Sydnrome). SYMPTOMS: Swollen arms. MEDICATION: -. CLINICAL PROCEDURE: -. SPECIALTY: @entity209 and @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: @entity715 events in otherwise healthy pediatric @entity1 are rare. In @entity1 presenting with @entity4 , @entity715 must be considered in the differential diagnosis. In pediatric @entity1 with @entity715 , there has been wide variability in the rates of associated @entity49 . Many pediatric @entity1 may instead have other contributors such as venous catheters or physical activity. CASE REPORT: We present a case of @entity1150 in a previously healthy 16-year-old male. The @entity1 presented with swelling and @entity158 in both arms after several days of weight-bearing exercise. Following emergency department evaluation with ultrasound and laboratory testing, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity715 - also known as @entity14385 - and @entity5925 . CONCLUSIONS: This case of @entity14385 is distinguished by elevation in @entity908 kinase and transaminases. While these findings can be due to physical exertion and effort, @entity715 is not classically associated with @entity854 except an elevated D-dimer. The significance of these laboratory test @entity854 remains unclear. Given the rarity of @entity715 , further epidemiological study is warranted to determine if these laboratory findings are seen in other cases, and, if so, what implications they may have for management and prognosis.

title: XXXX ( @entity14385 ) in a 16-year-old male.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetics']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['limb swelling']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral upper extremity deep venous thrombi']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities', 'result abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['effort thrombosis', 'thrombosis', 'Thrombotic', 'Effort thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity14385 :: ('MESH:D056824', 'Disease') :: ['Paget-Schroetter syndrome']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Effort thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prenatal MRI in the diagnosis of @entity2241 and to determine whether MRI provides useful information in addition to that of ultrasonography (US). METHODS: Ultrafast MR scanning was performed in 7 pregnant @entity1 in whom US was suspicious of fetal @entity154 of the thorax [3 cases of @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ), 3 cases of chylothorax and 1 case of @entity2977 ( @entity2977 ) type III]. The presence, position, size and characteristics of the @entity66 were determined and compared with postnatal diagnoses. RESULTS: The MRI diagnoses were 3 cases of @entity2914 , 2 of chylothorax and one each of @entity1152 and @entity2977 type III. The results of MRI were in agreement with those of US in 6 cases and in disagreement in 1 case of @entity1152 . Final diagnoses were confirmed at surgery or autopsy in all fetuses. Combined use of MR and US imaging enabled a correct diagnosis in 5 cases and led to an error in the diagnosis of 1 fetus with @entity850 , which had been diagnosed as @entity2977 type III by US and MRI. MRI led to a correct diagnosis in 1 fetus with @entity1152 , in whom US had been equivocal in the prenatal diagnosis. CONCLUSION: MRI helped further characterize the fetal @entity1514 and confirmed or changed the prenatal diagnosis based on US. MRI seems to be powerful in the prenatal diagnosis of @entity1514 that are atypical or complicated by @entity156 .

title: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in the prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesions']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation', 'CCAM']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal thoracic abnormalities']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital thoracic abnormalities']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PM2.5 can exacerbate @entity565 . @entity347 substances adsorbed on PM2.5-rich dust (PM2.5rd) were inactivated by heating at 360     C. To characterize the role of organic substances, the effects of PM2.5rd and heated PM2.5-rich dust ( @entity8108 -PM2.5 rd) on @entity55 were investigated. BALB/c @entity19 were intratracheally administered PM2.5rd or @entity8108 -PM2.5rd with or without ovalbumin (OVA) four times at 2-week intervals. PM2.5rd, but not @entity8108 -PM2.5rd, caused @entity3794 and @entity3617 . In the presence of OVA, PM2.5rd caused severe eosinophil infiltration and goblet cells proliferation in airways, along with a marked induction of the Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and @entity1312 , and the eosinophil-related cytokine IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). OVA   +   @entity8108 -PM2.5rd caused a weaker response. PM2.5rd showed adjuvant effects on OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and @entity9686 production, but @entity8108 -PM2.5rd showed minimal effects. These findings suggested that PM2.5rd-bound substances might aggravate lung @entity1712 . To clarify the roles of @entity8932 , @entity1990 , and @entity5001 on cytokine production in PM2.5rd, @entity19 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity8932 (-/-), @entity1990 (-/-), and @entity5001 (-/-) BALB/c @entity19 were stimulated with dust. Cytokine production was low or undetectable in @entity1990 (-/-) cells, but occurred from @entity8932 (-/-) cells, and production by @entity5001 (-/-) cells was higher than by @entity1990 (-/-) cells. These results suggest that @entity1990 and @entity8932 ligands ( @entity558 and b-glucan, respectively) mainly contributed to cytokines production induced by PM2.5rd. In addition to chemical substances, PM2.5-bound microbial substances might act in inflammatory and allergic @entity358 .

title: PM2.5-rich dust collected from the air in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan, can exacerbate @entity19 lung XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['allergic lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic alveolitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['eosinophilia']


abstract: In this study, the amount of @entity12557 ( @entity12558 ) was measured spectrophotometrically at 334 nm. A spontaneous decrease in absorbency at 334 nm was detected when @entity12558 was exposed to 37 degrees C and a high pH (pH 8.0). We investigated the catalytic roles of various metal ions on the decomposition of @entity12558 . The degradation of @entity12558 (0.5 mM) was enhanced by the presence of @entity8863 and @entity3411 ions. The amount of @entity842 (NO) released from @entity12558 degradation was estimated by the Griess reaction based on @entity3542 accumulation. The results indicated that @entity3542 production was elevated at least twofold in the presence of @entity8863 . Our study further indicated that @entity8863 enhanced @entity12558 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 @entity694 29 cells. We also found that @entity920 ions modulated the expression of @entity1835 , @entity589 , and @entity588 in @entity12558 -treated HT 29 cells. The levels of @entity589 and @entity1835 proteins in treated cells were significantly elevated about fourfold to sixfold when compared with mock-treated cells 24 h after combined treatment with @entity12558 plus @entity8863 or @entity3411 . On the other hand, significant inhibition of @entity588 occurred in HT 29 cells with simultaneous treatment of @entity12558 with @entity8863 (or @entity3411 ). It seemed that @entity8863 and @entity3411 can enhance the decomposition of @entity12558 , which liberates NO to activate the pathways. Our results demonstrated that the apoptotic effects induced by @entity12558 were promoted by @entity3411 and @entity8863 through two different mechanisms: depletion of intracellular @entity2041 and triggering of NO release from @entity12558 , which then promotes NO-induced apoptosis in @entity1 cells.

title: Induction of apoptosis by @entity12557 and @entity8863 or @entity3411 ion through modulation of @entity589 , @entity1835 , and @entity588 proteins in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity12557 :: ('MESH:D026422', 'Chemical') :: ['S-nitrosoglutathione']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma HT']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: Noninvasive diagnosis of @entity1575 has become the focus because of the limited biopsy, especially in the surveillance of treatment and in screening @entity1575 . Recently, regulatory elements involved in liver @entity82 , such as platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ), and tissue inhibitor of @entity3334 ( @entity2843 ), have been studied extensively. To determine whether these factors or enzymes could be used as the indices for the diagnosis of @entity1575 , we investigated them by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. METHODS: Serum samples from sixty @entity1 with @entity6194 and twenty healthy blood donors were assayed to determine the level of PDGF-BB, @entity2533 , @entity3334 , and @entity2843 with ELISA, and @entity15773 , PCIII, C-IV, and LN level with RIA. The message RNA (mRNA) expression of @entity2843 and @entity3334 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridization. Liver biopsy was performed in all @entity1 . The biopsy samples were histopathologically examined. The trial was double-blind controlled. RESULTS: The serum level of PDGF-BB, @entity2843 , the ratio of @entity2843 and @entity3334 ( @entity2843 / @entity3334 ), mRNA expression of @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ), and the ratio of @entity2843 mRNA and MMP-1mRNA ( @entity2843 mRNA/MMP-1mRNA) in @entity1 was significantly higher than those in the healthy blood donors (t=2.514-11.435, P=0.000-0.016). The serum level of PDGF-BB, @entity2843 , @entity66826 , and @entity2843 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity82 stage and @entity32 grade (r=0.239-0.565, P=0.000-0.033), while the serum level of @entity3334 was negatively correlated with @entity82 stage and @entity32 grade, and @entity2843 mRNA/ @entity3334 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity32 grade. Through the analysis by ROC curve, serum PDGF-BB was the most valuable marker, and its sensitivity was the highest among the nine indices. The markers with the highest specificity were @entity2843 mRNA and @entity2843 mRNA/ @entity3334 mRNA in PBMCs. The area under the curve (AUC) of PDGF-BB, @entity2843 , @entity2843 , @entity66826 , @entity15773 , PCIII, @entity2843 , C-IV, and LN was 0.985, 0.876, 0.792, 0.748, 0.728, 0.727, 0.726, 0.583, and 0.463, respectively. The sensitivity and the specificity in the parallel test was 99.0% and 95.0% when serum PDGF-BB, @entity2843 mRNA and @entity2843 mRNA/ @entity3334 mRNA was detected simultaneously. CONCLUSION: Serum level of PDGF-BB, @entity2843 , @entity2843 mRNA/ @entity3334 mRNA in PBMCs, and serum level of @entity2843 and @entity66826 can be used as the indices for the diagnosis of @entity1575 , but the former three are more useful. The combination of serum PDGF-BB, @entity2843 mRNA and @entity2843 mRNA/ @entity3334 mRNA in PBMCs is even more efficient in screening liver @entity82 .

title: Diagnostic value of platelet derived growth factor-BB, @entity2533 , XXXX , and tissue inhibitor of @entity3334 in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

answer: @entity3334 :: (4312,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since June 2001, in the province of Mantova, we have been carrying out a program for the management of @entity583 based on early assessment of the @entity1 ' risk profile, on telematic connection among care centers and on optimization of in- and out-of-hospital critical pathways for the access to care. METHODS: Our network provides connection among the following centers: advanced life support ambulances, 7 hospitals, 3 coronary care units, 1 cath lab on call 24 hours a day for primary angioplasty, 1 thoracic surgery division. This program, through its strong telematic platform, allows early assessment of @entity583 , and provides primary angioplasty to all high-risk @entity1 , being fibrinolytic treatment reserved only to the low-risk @entity1 admitted in peripheral hospitals. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty @entity1 with @entity583 were treated with angioplasty; 179 (81%) @entity1 underwent primary angioplasty, 26 (12%) @entity1 facilitated angioplasty and 15 @entity1 (7%) rescue angioplasty; 121 @entity1 (55%) were first admitted in the Mantova hospital, 65 @entity1 (30%) were referred to Mantova from peripheral hospitals and 34 @entity1 (15%) were directly transported to the cath lab by advanced life support ambulances. Procedural success was obtained in 98% of cases, with 05% intraprocedural mortality. In-hospital mortality was 55%, while mortality of @entity1455 @entity1 was 36%. Recurrence of @entity583 occurred in 1% and major @entity548 in 2.2% of @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity1455 died during transport. Mean door-to-balloon time was 73 min with 39% reduction in the second period of recruitment after telematic connection. CONCLUSIONS: This program, developed in the setting of a provincial network for the management of @entity583 , provided primary angioplasty to all high-risk @entity1 , with a high procedural success rate. Within a few months, time to treatment was minimized by the employment of telematic facilities.

title: [Network for the treatment of XXXX in the province of Mantova: results after 2 years of work].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity179 can cause dysfunction of neural structures involved in judgment, executive function, emotional processing, @entity146 , and self-awareness. Such dysfunctions can lead to antisocial and criminal behavior that appears for the first time in the adult or middle-aged individual or even later in life. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency and type of criminal behavior among @entity1 with a diagnosed @entity74 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 2397 @entity1 who were seen at the University of California, San Francisco, Memory and Aging Center between 1999 and 2012, including 545 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), 171 @entity1 with behavioral variant of @entity4943 (bvFTD), 89 @entity1 with semantic variant of primary progressive @entity2026 , and 30 @entity1 with @entity2033 . @entity1 notes containing specific keywords denoting criminal behavior were reviewed. Data were stratified by criminal behavior type and diagnostic groups. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Frequencies of criminal behavior and      statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 2397 @entity1 studied, 204 (8.5%) had a history of criminal behavior that emerged during their illness. Of the major diagnostic groups, 42 of 545 @entity1 (7.7%) with @entity195 , 64 of 171 @entity1 (37.4%) with bvFTD, 24 of 89 @entity1 (27.0%) with semantic variant of primary progressive @entity2026 , and 6 of 30 @entity1 (20%) with @entity2033 exhibited criminal behavior. A total of 14% of @entity1 with bvFTD were statistically significantly more likely to present with criminal behavior compared with 2% of @entity1 with @entity195 (P   <   .001) and 6.4% were statistically significantly more likely to exhibit violence compared with 2% of @entity1 with @entity195 (P   =   .003). Common manifestations of criminal behavior in the bvFTD group included theft, traffic violations, sexual advances, trespassing, and public urination in contrast with those in the @entity195 group, who commonly committed traffic violations, often related to @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Criminal behavior is more common in @entity1 with bvFTD and semantic variant of primary progressive @entity2026 than in those with @entity195 and is more likely to be an early manifestation of the disorder. Judicial evaluations of criminality in the demented individual might require different criteria than the classic " @entity13911 defense" used in the American legal system; these individuals should be treated differently by the law. The appearance of new-onset criminal behavior in an adult should elicit a search for frontal and anterior temporal @entity75 and for @entity74 .

title: Criminal behavior in XXXX and @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior, violence']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['Huntington disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorder', 'dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal dementia']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the dynamic variation of pre-ablation stimulated @entity3745 ( @entity17649 )and distant @entity3 in patietns with @entity259 (DTC). Methods DTC @entity1 after total or near total thyroidectomy were divided into two groups as M1 group(n=38)and M0 group(n=130)according to the presence of distant metastases or not. Clinical data including pre-ablation @entity17649 and the corresponding thyrotropin(TSH)values were dynamically measured. The pre-ablation @entity17649 and corresponding TSH collected at the first time were defined as Tg1 and @entity26199 ,while as @entity8265 and @entity44507 at the last time.   (2) test was used to compare the variation tendency of @entity17649 between these two groups. Tg1, @entity8265 ,pre-ablation @entity17649 variation(   Tg),and    Tg/   TSH ratio between M0 and M1 were compared by Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and diagnostic critical point( @entity1298 )were employed to evaluate the predictive values of the above indicators. Results Both Tg1 and @entity8265 of M1 were significantly higher than those of M0(the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test:Tg1 P<0.001, @entity8265 P<0.001). The corresponding areas under the ROC curve(AUC)to differentiate the two groups were 0.921 and 0.942,respectively. The cut-off value of @entity8265 ,which was more accurate in predicting distant @entity3 ,was 24.3 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 92.11% and a specificity of 83.85%. Both    Tg and    Tg/   @entity10344 between these two groups were significantly different(the Mann-Whitney rank-sum test:   Tg P=0.002,   Tg/   TSH P<0.001).    Tg/   TSH worked better than @entity8265 in predicting distant @entity3 with both higher accuracy(87.50%)and higher specificity(86.92%). Conclusions Dynamically tracing pre-ablation @entity17649 may improve the accuracy and specificity of distant metastases prediction in DTC @entity1 .    Tg/   TSH,which means the ratio of @entity17649 variation to TSH variation,may be a useful diagnostic marker for predicting distant metastases in DTC.

title: Relationship between Variation of Pre-ablation Stimulated @entity3745 and Distant @entity3 in XXXX with Differentiated @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Studies conducted with nonhuman laboratory animals have consistently shown that atypical antipsychotics that are mixed @entity935 and @entity750 antagonists attenuate the discriminative-stimulus effects of @entity4944 . In the present experiment, eight healthy @entity1 learned to discriminate 15 mg of oral @entity2254 . After acquiring the discrimination (i.e., > or = 80% correct responding on four consecutive days), the effects of a range of doses of @entity2254 (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg), alone and after pretreatment with @entity1090 (0 and 1 mg), a D2 @entity935 and @entity750 ( @entity750 )2 @entity750 antagonist, were assessed. @entity2254 alone functioned as a discriminative stimulus and produced stimulant-like self-reported drug effects (e.g., increased ratings of "like drug"). These effects were generally a function of dose. @entity1090 alone did not occasion @entity2254 -appropriate responding, but impaired performance. @entity1090 pretreatment significantly attenuated the discriminative-stimulus effects of @entity2254 , and some of the self-reported drug effects. The results of the present experiment suggest that combining drug-discrimination and self-reported drug-effect questionnaires may be an effective strategy for assessing the behavioral effects of agonist-antagonist interactions. Future studies should compare the behavioral effects of @entity2254 after pretreatment with a selective D2 @entity935 (e.g., @entity1767 ) or @entity750 2 @entity750 (e.g., @entity7301 ) antagonist to determine the relative contribution of @entity935 and @entity750 systems in mediating the behavioral effects of stimulants in @entity1 . The results of these studies might guide the development of a pharmacotherapy for the treatment of @entity4944 abuse/dependence.

title: XXXX attenuates the discriminative-stimulus effects of @entity2254 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine', 'd-Amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', 'serotonin', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone', 'Risperidone']

answer: @entity1090 :: (MESH:D018967,Chemical) :: ['Risperidone']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the number of @entity1 presenting with @entity295 before and after guideline implementation; the impact of @entity295 guidelines on triage assessment, Emergency Department management and time to antibiotics. BACKGROUND: Sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity within hospitals. Globally, strategies have been implemented to reduce morbidity and mortality rates, which rely on the early recognition and management of @entity295 . To improve @entity1 outcomes the New South Wales government in Australia introduced @entity295 guidelines into Emergency Departments. However, the impact of the guidelines on clinical practice remains unclear. DESIGN/METHODS: A 12 month pre-post retrospective randomised medical record audit of adult @entity1 with a @entity295 diagnosis. Data were extracted from the Emergency Department database and paper medical record. Data included @entity1 demographic (age, gender); clinical information (time of arrival, triage code, seen by time, disposition, time to antibiotic, pathology, time to intravenous fluids) and @entity1 assessment data (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, @entity26 saturations, medication). RESULTS: This study demonstrated a statistically significant 230 minute reduction in time to antibiotics post implementation of the guidelines. The post group (n=165) received more urgent triage categories (n=81; 49.1%), a 758 minute reduction in mean time to second litre of intravenous fluids and an improvement in collection of @entity880 (n=112, 67.9%), also statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the impact guidelines can have on clinician decision making and behaviour that support best practice and positive @entity1 outcomes. The @entity295 guidelines improved the early assessment, recognition and management of @entity1 presenting with @entity295 in one tertiary referral Emergency Department. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The impact of evidence based XXXX guidelines on emergency department clinical practice: a pre-post medical record audit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9716 Background: The pro-inflammatory factors, @entity687 , @entity7 , TGFa and @entity1421 are thought to be involved in @entity135 , progression and @entity3 . These cytokines act through pro-angiogenic and mitogenic effects. We hypothesize that elevated serum levels of these cytokines may predict stage or recurrence of @entity135 . In this study serum @entity687 was measured in @entity1 with @entity135 , normal volunteers and healthy, treated @entity1 . METHODS: After informed consent, serum was obtained from normal volunteers (NV, n= 7), @entity1 with no evidence of disease at least two years after treatment (NED, n= 5), @entity1 with newly diagnosed, untreated @entity135 ( @entity11702 , n= 14) and @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 , n= 20). Active co-morbid illnesses, addictions, use of @entity230 or NSAIDS, or active anticancer therapy immediately prior to sampling were exclusion criteria. Serum @entity687 was measured by a commercially available ELISA. @entity1 and NV were matched for age and gender. RESULTS: Serum @entity687 levels (pg/ml) are shown in the Table. 7/7 NV and 4/5 NED had levels < 20 pg/ml (mean of 13 and 15, respectively). In the @entity11702 group 2a/11 stage III/IV and 0/3 stage I/II disease had levels >20 (mean 18 and 14, respectively). In the @entity66 group, 12/15 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 4/5 with local regional recurrence (LRR) had @entity687 levels of > 20 (mean 44 and 29, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity687 levels are elevated in @entity1 with @entity66 @entity135 , with 80 %(16/20) having levels above 20 pg/ml. With this cutoff, sensitivity and specificity are 80% and 88% respectively. The pathophysiology of this finding is unknown. We continue to enroll @entity1 on this study. It is possible that serum @entity687 can be used as a prognostic test in @entity1 with @entity11702 or at risk for recurrence. @entity687 may also be a potential therapeutic target to control @entity5 growth and @entity3 . [Figure: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: @entity687 ( XXXX ) serum levels and @entity135 ( @entity135 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['SCCHN carcinogenesis', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'MD', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: In contrast to @entity4180 amplification, expression of either @entity2250 or @entity1759 in @entity521 is a favourable prognostic factor and were therefore investigated in @entity5 from 250 @entity1 . One hundred and eleven localised/4s (Group 1) and 139 stage 4 (Group 2) @entity5 were analysed. @entity4180 copy number was obtained by Southern blotting or PCR amplification and was detected in 28 stage 4 @entity5 . @entity2250 and @entity1759 expression was detected by immunoperoxidase staining using murine monoclonal antibodies 5C3 and L178, respectively. Expression was scored as positive (homogeneous), mixed (heterogeneous) or non-reactive (negative). @entity2250 expression was found in 95% of Group 1 @entity5 and 49% of Group 2 @entity5 . @entity1759 expression was found in 100% of Group 1 @entity5 , the majority of which had a strong homogeneous expression. Lack of @entity1759 expression occurred in 25% of @entity5 , all stage 4 @entity521 . Of the 28 @entity4180 amplified @entity5 , 27/28 (96%) were @entity2250 negative, and 13/28 (46%) @entity1759 negative. We conclude that (1) a significant percentage of stage 4 @entity521 express either or both @entity2250 and @entity1759 , (2) the absence of @entity1759 expression is highly restricted to stage 4 @entity521 and is associated with the lack of @entity2250 expression, (3) @entity2250 negativity among @entity1759 -positive @entity5 is associated with stage 4 @entity521 and (4) the absence of @entity2250 expression is highly correlated with @entity4180 amplification.

title: Correlation of XXXX amplification, @entity2250 and @entity1759 expression with clinical stage in 250 @entity1 with @entity521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity4180 :: (4613,Gene) :: ['MYCN']


abstract: Several models have shown that virulence varies from one strain of @entity5125 to another, but little is known about the cause of low virulence. Twenty-six field @entity5125 strains were shown to be of low virulence in a plaque-forming assay and in a subcutaneous inoculation test in @entity19 . Using the results of cell infection assays and phospholipase activities, the low-virulence strains were assigned to one of four groups by cluster analysis and then virulence-related genes were sequenced. Group I included 11 strains that did not enter cells and had no phospholipase activity. These strains exhibited a mutated PrfA; eight strains had a single @entity535 substitution, PrfAK220T, and the other three had a truncated PrfA, PrfADelta174-237. These genetic modifications could explain the low virulence of group I strains, since mutated PrfA proteins were inactive. Group II and III strains entered cells but did not form plaques. Group II strains had low @entity2434 phospholipase C activity, whereas group III strains had low @entity4357 phospholipase C activity. Several substitutions were observed for five out of six group III strains in the plcA gene and for one out of three group II strains in the plcB gene. Group IV strains poorly colonized spleens of @entity19 and were practically indistinguishable from fully virulent strains on the basis of the above-mentioned in vitro criteria. These results demonstrate a relationship between the phenotypic classification and the genotypic modifications for at least group I and III strains and suggest a common evolution of these strains within a group.

title: Investigation of specific substitutions in virulence genes characterizing phenotypic groups of low-virulence field strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity5125 :: (1639,Species) :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2008, @entity13876 (LCM) was licensed in Europe for the adjunctive treatment of focal-onset @entity410 . At that time a prospective audit was initiated at the Western Infirmary to assess outcomes with this antiepileptic drug (AED) in everyday clinical practice. METHODS: A total of 160 @entity1 (74 M; 86 F, aged 14-74 years [median 42 years]) with uncontrolled focal-onset @entity410 (median monthly frequency 1; range 1-300) were started on LCM. After 12 weeks on stable AED doses (median 1 AED; range 1-4), LCM was added and the dose titrated as appropriate with a target range of 200-400 mg/day. Review took place every 6-8 weeks until 1 of 4 end-points was reached: @entity410 freedom for 6 months on a given LCM dose; >= 50% (responder) or <50% (marginal benefit) @entity410 reduction over 6 months compared with baseline on the highest tolerated LCM dose; withdrawal of LCM due to lack of efficacy, side effects, or both. RESULTS: Of the 160 @entity1 , 35 (21.9%) remained @entity410 -free for at least 6 months on a stable LCM dose, while 35 (21.9%) had a >= 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency and 54 (33.7%) reported a marginal benefit. Five @entity1 became @entity410 -free on LCM monotherapy following withdrawal of their initial treatment. Outcomes were similar for @entity1 taking LCM with traditional @entity1372 blocking agents (n=56; 43 [76%] continued LCM) compared to those who also received AEDs with other mechanisms (n=84; 64 [76%] continued LCM). LCM was discontinued in 36 (22.5%) @entity1 because of lack of efficacy (n=24, 15%) or side effects (n=12; 7.5%). Commonest side effects leading to withdrawal were @entity390 and @entity391 , dizziness, sedation, @entity10 , @entity400 , and @entity2055 , particularly for @entity1 also taking @entity1092 . CONCLUSION: LCM is a well-tolerated and effective AED for focal-onset @entity410 with or without secondary generalisation, regardless of concomitant treatment. Commonest dose-related side effects were @entity2359 in nature.

title: Adjunctive XXXX --5 years' clinical experience.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity13876 :: (MESH:C403507,Chemical) :: ['lacosamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of @entity526 STa (heat stable) toxin on isolated @entity1 myometrial response to @entity398 . METHODS: One hundred and sixteen muscle strips were obtained from the lower uterine segment of 42 @entity1 undergoing cesarean section at term. Amniotic membranes and decidua were excluded. Uterine contractility in response to cumulative doses of @entity526 STa toxin was recorded, as well as uterine response to cumulative doses of @entity398 before and after incubation with STa toxin or vehicle. The 50th percentile effective @entity398 concentration (EC50) of muscle strips with and without spontaneous activity before and after the incubation with STa toxin or vehicle was calculated. A paired t test was used for comparison. RESULTS: Muscle strips with and without spontaneous activity responded to cumulative doses of @entity398 before and after the incubation with STa toxin or vehicle. No differences in contraction force, duration, or frequency were noted between the groups (P > 0.05). Furthermore, this toxin was not able to induce uterine contractility when tested alone. CONCLUSIONS: The inability of this toxin to affect myometrial response to @entity398 in this study may be due to the absence of amnion cells, chorion, or decidua. Other possible explanations for the lack of response are discussed.

title: The effects of @entity526 STa (heat stable) toxin on the contractility of isolated XXXX myometrium in vitro.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that the total extract of Zhigancao Decoction, either as a single active compound or in combination, can inhibit @entity943 . In this study, the myocardial tissue/ @entity6619 substrate microelectrode array (MEA) was used to detect the Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum of the New Zealand white @entity95 right @entity955 after rapid right atrium pacing (RAP). METHODS: New Zealand white @entity95 were randomly divided into four groups, with eight @entity95 per group. The first group was the control animal group (Group A). The second was the drug-free serum vehicle control group (Group B). The third group used serum-containing f Zhigancao Decoction (Group C) at various concentrations. The fourth group was the Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum group (Group D). After establishing the @entity955 model, the field action potential duration (fAPD) of the right @entity955 (RAA) in the control group, and in groups after different interventions, were measured. RESULTS: We report of an @entity955 model using by rapid right atrium atrial pacing, in which fAPD was significantly shorter 12 hours after pacing (P < 0.05). The intervention by 10% to 25% of drug-containing serum or decoction could prolong the fAPD of @entity95 @entity955 in @entity955 @entity95 in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: fAPD can be used as an indicator for the change of cardiac electrophysiological properties. 10% to 25% of Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum can prolong fAPD in @entity955 @entity95 , which may be the electrophysiological mechanism of @entity955 resistance.

title: Application of the myocardial tissue/ XXXX substrate microelectrode array technology on detecting the effection of Zhigancao Decoction medicated serum on cardiac electrophysiology.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial appendage']

answer: @entity6619 :: (MESH:D012825,Chemical) :: ['silicon']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in regulating body weight (BW) by modifying thermogenesis. Maternal low protein (LP) diets reduce offspring birth weight. Increased BAT thermogenesis in utero may be one mechanism for the lower BW. However, whether maternal LP nutrition alters BAT thermogenesis and BW of offspring in utero is not yet known. We fed obese-prone Sprague-Dawley dams 8% LP or 20% normal protein (NP) diets for 3weeks prior to breeding and through pregnancy. BW and gene expression of interscapular BAT (iBAT) thermogenic markers were measured in male fetal (gestation day 18) and neonatal (day 0 or 1) offspring. BW of neonatal LP males was lower than NP males but no difference was observed in females. Gene and protein expression of @entity5483 and transcription factors @entity6230 and @entity3725 in iBAT were 2- to 6-fold greater in LP than in NP male neonatal offspring. @entity18233 , a precursor of irisin and activator of thermogenesis, was expressed 2-fold greater in neonatal LP iBAT than NP males. However, fetal iBAT @entity5483 , @entity6230 , @entity3725 and irisin mRNA did not differ between LP and NP groups. Maternal LP diet had no effects on placental irisin and @entity5484 expression. These results suggest that prenatal protein restriction increases the risk for low BW through mechanisms affecting full-term offspring iBAT thermogenesis but not greatly altering fetal iBAT or placental thermogenesis.

title: Maternal low-protein diet causes body weight loss in male, neonate Sprague-Dawley rats involving XXXX -mediated thermogenesis.

answer: @entity5483 :: (24860(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['UCP-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1157 in combination with major @entity1317 may cause serious morbidity and may even require liver resection in some cases. We present two case studies of @entity1 requiring right hepatic lobectomy after bile duct and right @entity99 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. @entity1 : Two @entity1 sustained combined major bile duct and @entity99 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surgical management consisted of immediate hepaticojejunostomy with reconstruction of the artery in one @entity1 and hepaticojejunostomy alone in the other @entity1 . In both cases the initial postoperative course was uncomplicated. RESULTS: After 4 and 6 months both @entity1 suffered recurrent @entity255 due to anastomotic stricture. Both developed @entity2835 and required right hepatic lobectomy with left hepaticojejunostomy. The @entity1 remain well 31 months and 4.5 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome of bile duct reconstruction may be worse in the presence of combined biliary and @entity1317 than in @entity1 with an intact blood supply of the bile ducts. We recommend arterial reconstruction when possible in early recognized injuries to prevent late strictures. Short-term follow-up is most important for early recognition of postoperative strictures and to avoid further complications such as @entity2835 .

title: Right hepatic lobectomy for recurrent XXXX after combined bile duct and right @entity99 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Bile duct injuries']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery injury']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['cholangitis']


abstract: @entity158 caused by dysfunction or damage to the peripheral or central nervous system is typified by the symptoms described by @entity1 with @entity3949 , @entity9 and central @entity158 . All these conditions are more common in the elderly. @entity9 has long been recognised as one of the more difficult types of @entity158 to treat; however, with the current emphasis on providing a multidisciplinary assessment and approach to management, more @entity1 will be offered relief of their symptoms and an improved quality of life. Despite the use of combination drug therapy, adequate @entity158 relief in the elderly is difficult to achieve without adverse effects. In an attempt to minimise these it is important to include non-drug treatment options in the management plan. Lifestyle changes and environmental modification, together with encouragement to adopt an appropriate exercise programme and an emphasis on maintaining mobility and independence should always be considered. Interventional therapy ranging from simple nerve blocks to intrathecal drug delivery can be of value. Drug treatment remains the mainstay of therapy. Tricyclic antidepressants such as @entity3659 , while having significant adverse effects in the elderly, have a number needed to treat (NNT) of 3.5 for 50% @entity158 relief in @entity3949 and 2.1 for 50% @entity158 relief in @entity14000 . The newer antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity2682 , appear to have a better adverse effect profile and provide similar efficacy with the NNT for treating @entity3949 being 3.7 and 3.2 for treating @entity158 in @entity14000 . As our understanding of the complexities of the @entity158 processes increases, we are becoming more able to appropriately combine treatments to achieve not only improved @entity158 relief but also improved function.

title: Management strategies for the treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy', 'diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'poststroke pain']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic pain', 'post-herpetic neuralgia']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate differences in pre-pregnancy BMI status in @entity1 with @entity600 (PTB) compared with term birth and assess the role of ethnicity as a risk modifier in BMI-associated PTB. METHODS: A case-control study involving self-reported African American and Caucasian @entity1 delivering singletons in Nashville, TN, USA, 2003-2009. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was recorded in 447 PTB-cases (African American = 145, Caucasian = 302) and 1315 term-birth controls (African American = 522; Caucasian = 793). Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR and AOR) for PTB were calculated using normal BMI (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) as reference. Age, education, marital status, income, smoking, parity, previous PTB and pregnancy @entity1017 were included as covariates in logistic regression. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in the OR for PTB among different BMI categories when @entity1 of different ethnicity were combined. Odds of PTB were greater in @entity28 than in normal weight Caucasian @entity1 , even after adjusting for confounders (AOR = 1.84, 95%CI [1.15, 2.95]). Obese African American @entity1 had a decreased crude OR for PTB, although this was not significant after adjusting for confounders (AOR = 0.72, 95%CI [0.38, 1.40]). The odds for early PTB (<32 weeks) were decreased in @entity28 compared with normal weight African American @entity1 (OR = 0.23, 95%CI [0.08, 0.70]), whereas they were increased in @entity28 compared with normal weight Caucasian @entity1 (OR = 2.30, 95%CI [1.32, 4.00]). CONCLUSION: The risk for PTB in @entity1 with different pre-pregnancy BMI categories differs according to ethnicity.

title: Ethnic disparity in XXXX and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['spontaneous preterm birth']


abstract: This study was a randomized, open label comparison that was designed to determine efficacy and safety of @entity14219 as the first oral drug for the treatment of @entity4536 caused by @entity3667 in comparison with @entity17004 . Complete clinical response was defined as 100% re-epithelialization of the lesion. Definitions of lesion cure and failure were based on both clinical and parasitological criteria two weeks after the end of treatment and clinical recovery three months after this period. Of 32 @entity1 enrolled for @entity14219 treatment 28 @entity1 completed treatment, of which 26 were cured at three months, corresponding to a cure rate of 92.9% on a per protocol analysis, and 81.3% according to intention to treat analysis. There was one failure (3.1%), one relapse (3.1%) and four dropouts due to lack of tolerability (12.5%) during the first week of treatment. Of 31 @entity1 who received intramuscular @entity17004 (20mgSb(5)/kg body weight daily for 14 days) 25 were cured (83.3% on a per protocol basis, 80.6% on intention to treat basis), five failed (16.1%) and one was lost (3.2%) at 3-month follow-up. At 6-month follow-up after the end of treatment, no relapse was observed. Both regimens were tolerated but averages of @entity390 (32.2%) and @entity391 (21.5%) were observed in @entity1 during two weeks after initiation of @entity14219 treatment. Other gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and total adverse events were not statistically different in the two groups during one to four weeks after therapy initiation. No relevant changes were observed in levels of liver enzymes, @entity1011 and hematological tests before and after end of treatment in both groups. In conclusion, @entity14219 is apparently at least as good as @entity17004 for the treatment of @entity4536 caused by @entity3667 in Iran, based on parasitological as well as clinical criteria two weeks, three months, and six months after end of treatment.

title: Comparison of @entity14219 and XXXX for the treatment of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) by a randomized clinical trial in Iran.

entities_list: @entity14219 :: ('MESH:C039128', 'Chemical') :: ['miltefosine']

entities_list: @entity17004 :: ('MESH:C005278', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine antimoniate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania major']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity17004 :: (MESH:C005278,Chemical) :: ['meglumine antimoniate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The consumption of psychostimulants for non-medical reasons probably occurs because of their euphoriant and psychomotor-stimulating properties. Chronic consumption of these agents results in development of stereotyped behaviour, @entity10963 , and possibly aggressive behaviour. Psychosocial treatments for psychostimulant use disorder are supposed to improve compliance, and to promote abstinence. Evidence from randomised controlled trials in this subject needs to be summarised. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of all RCTs on psychosocial interventions for treating psychostimulant use disorder. SEARCH METHODS: Electronic searches of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and LILACS (to may 2006); reference searching; personal communication; conference abstracts; unpublished trials from pharmaceutical industry; book chapters on treatment of @entity734 / dependence. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomised-controlled trials focusing on psychosocial interventions for treating @entity734 / dependence. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three authors extracted the data independently and Relative Risks, weighted mean difference and number needed to treat were estimated, when possible. The reviewers assumed that @entity1 who died or dropped out had no improvement (intention to treat analysis) and tested the sensitivity of the final results to this assumption. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-seven randomised controlled studies (3663 @entity1 ) fulfilled inclusion criteria and had data that could be used for at least one of the main comparisons. There was a wide heterogeneity in the interventions evaluated: this did not allow to provide a summary estimate of effect and results cannot be summarised in a clear cut way. The comparisons between different type of Behavioural Interventions showed results in favour of treatments with some form of Contingency management in respect to both reducing drop outs and lowering @entity2072 use.. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall this review reports little significant behavioural changes with reductions in rates of drug consumption following an intervention. Moreover, with the evidence currently available, there are no data supporting a single treatment approach that is able to comprise the multidimensional facets of addiction patterns and to significantly yield better outcomes to resolve the chronic, relapsing nature of addiction, with all its correlates and consequences.

title: WITHDRAWN: Psychosocial interventions for XXXX and psychostimulant amphetamines related disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['psychostimulants abuse']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular blocking agents may exert central nervous system effects when they reach the brain. This study assessed the concentrations and the time course of passage of @entity3369 , @entity5159 , and its metabolite @entity24468 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 undergoing @entity438 clipping. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity510 were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous infusion of @entity3369 (n=13) or @entity5159 (n=12). Arterial blood and lumbar CSF were sampled before and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 h after the start of the relaxant infusion. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry ( @entity3369 ) and high-pressure liquid chromatography ( @entity5159 and @entity24468 ). RESULTS: The data of 20 @entity1 (10 in both groups) were analyzed. In 11 CSF samples from five @entity1 @entity5159 was detected in concentrations from 10 to 50 ng/ml. @entity24468 was retrieved in all CSF samples at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8 h; the highest CSF concentration of @entity24468 occurred at 3 h [38 (18-63) ng/ml: median (range)]. @entity3369 was not found in any CSF sample. CONCLUSION: Significant concentrations of @entity5159 and @entity24468 but not of @entity3369 were detected in the CSF of @entity1 during and immediately after @entity438 surgery.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of @entity5159 , @entity24468 and @entity3369 following clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5159 :: ('MESH:D001279', 'Chemical') :: ['atracurium']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium', 'Vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity24468 :: ('MESH:C001522', 'Chemical') :: ['laudanosine', 'Laudanosine']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the @entity834 due to drain and success of fibrin sealant in its management. Between 2013 and 2014, 102 @entity1 underwent LRYGB and gastrojejunal @entity834 occurred due to drain erosion in 2 of them. The diagnosis was established with saliva drainage and was confirmed by upper gastrointestinal series. The absence of hemodynamic instability was directed us to conservative treatment. During the endoscopy, dehiscence was assessed and fibrin sealant was applied. The leaks healed progressively in a few days, and the drains removed within 6 days. Seven and 9 days later, the @entity1 were discharged without any problem. @entity834 after bariatric surgery can cause severe morbidity, cost, and effects quality of life. Hemodynamically stable and drained @entity1 are candidates for conservative methods. Endoscopic injection of fibrin sealant has been successful in closing gastric leaks.

title: Minimally invasive management of XXXX after bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leaks', 'anastomotic leak', 'anastomotic erosion']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leak']


abstract: 1. The pressor and heart rate response to angiotensin II, @entity1063 , @entity3044 , @entity6114 and @entity31688 were examined before and after bile-duct ligation in conscious trained @entity235 . 2. The pressor response to angiotensin II was markedly suppressed after bile-duct ligation, although responses to @entity1063 and the indirectly acting sympathomimetic @entity4478 were only slightly reduced. 3. @entity1168 , in response to the pressor drugs, and @entity591 , in response to @entity3044 , were unchanged after bile-duct ligation. 4. Refractoriness to the pressor action of angiotensin after chronic bile-duct ligation in the present study is similar to that reported previously by others in @entity1 with @entity1575 . 5. No evidence was found in the bile-duct ligated @entity235 to support a role of false neurotransmitters as mediators of the circulatory disturbances associated with @entity99 .

title: Blunted pressor response to angiotensin and sympathomimetic @entity4478 in bile-duct ligated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity31688 :: ('MESH:C029261', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-phenylethylamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity6114 :: ('MESH:D014439', 'Chemical') :: ['tyramine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: AIMS: @entity121 or @entity16 has been associated with @entity16332 / @entity14278 therapy in @entity1956 @entity1 . We aim to describe the pathological changes of @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . METHODS: We retrospectively recruited six @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity377 analogues-associated @entity121 or @entity16 . Muscle and nerve biopsy were performed, and the specimens were prepared for the light microscopy and electron microscopy. Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen muscle specimens, and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Recovery of the @entity121 can be achieved after the discontinuation or changing the drugs to @entity17705 . Muscle and nerve biopsy revealed similar changes under either the light or electronic microscopy in all the subjects. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed decrease of mtDNA content in the affected muscle. CONCLUSIONS: MtDNA depletion results in @entity2383 in the @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . @entity121 was characterised by @entity2383 accompanied with @entity16 due to @entity16 . Ultrastructure changes of mitochondria included vacuolisation, simplification of the cristae and homogenised matrix.

title: @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 : XXXX , @entity2383 and mitochondrial DNA depletion.

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity9918 :: ('MESH:C566617', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'neurogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurogenic damage']


abstract: In the present study, a model system for studying the role of @entity842 (NO) in @entity5 growth and @entity3 was reported. Incubation of Panc02 @entity19 @entity788 cells in vitro with cytokines and interferon led to heterogeneous expression of @entity13633 ( @entity13633 ) protein. Clonal sublines expressing different levels of @entity13633 were then established using a limited dilution technique. After orthotopical implantation into the pancreas of syngeneic C57BL/6 @entity19 , clones with a low level of @entity13633 expression produced @entity5 in pancreas, metastasized to the liver, and formed ascites, whereas those having a high level of @entity13633 expression did not. @entity409 variants having low to high metastatic ability were also established using in vivo/in vitro passage. Compared with parental Panc02 cells exhibiting a high level of @entity13633 expression, these variants had a decreased level of @entity13633 expression. Furthermore, the heterogeneous Panc02 cells were injected intravenously into a large number of syngeneic @entity19 . Variants that metastasized to the liver, lung, skin, peritoneum, ovary, and lymph nodes were established. All of the metastatic variants exhibited a lower level of @entity13633 expression than the parental Panc02 cell line did. However, the phenotypes of @entity13633 induction and metastatic ability were unstable. Multiple in vitro/in vivo selection led to stable low @entity13633 expression and high metastatic potential. Finally, to further confirm the role of @entity13633 expression derived from @entity5 cells in @entity3 , poorly metastatic Panc02-H0 and highly metastatic Panc02-H7 cells were injected into the pancreas of syngeneic @entity13633 (-/-) @entity19 , and groups of @entity19 received i.p. injections of either @entity1391 -buffered saline or @entity63429 . Inhibition of @entity13633 activity in vivo significantly promoted distant liver @entity3 . Collectively, these data show that @entity13633 expression is highly heterogeneous and dynamically regulated, which can directly influence @entity5 growth and @entity3 .

title: A novel model system for studying the double-edged roles of XXXX production in @entity788 growth and @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver-metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity63429 :: ('CHEBI:63971', 'Chemical') :: ['L-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']