abstract: PURPOSE: Blood stream @entity281 (BSI)/ @entity2259 is a potentially life threatening @entity281 and are associated with a high crude mortality. Coagulase negative @entity794 (CONS) and @entity794 are the most commonly isolated gram positive bacteria from blood culture samples. While @entity794 is a known pathogen causing BSIs, CONS are considered to be common contaminants of blood culture. Of late many studies have challenged this traditional viewpoint. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and significance of @entity794 and CONS @entity2259 , their resistance patterns and associated mortality in critically ill @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a level 1 @entity130 center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted from January 2009 to June 2011. All @entity1 from whose blood samples yielded a @entity794 or CONS on culture were included in this study. A detailed history was obtained and follow-up of the @entity1 was done. The isolates of Staphylococci were identified to species level. Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by the disc diffusion method and VITEK-2 system. RESULTS: During this 30 month period, total of 10,509 blood samples were received from 2,938 @entity1 . A total of 1,961 samples taken from 905 @entity1 were positive for one or more pathogens. @entity794 /CONS were isolated from 469 samples from 374 @entity1 . Crude mortality amongst the @entity1 having Staphylococcal BSI was 25% (94/374). CONCLUSION: Staphylococcal blood stream infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.

title: Staphylococcal blood stream infections: epidemiology, resistance pattern and outcome at a level 1 Indian XXXX care center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this postmortem study was to use high-detail skeletal surveys, specimen radiography, and histopathologic analysis to determine the number, distribution, and age of @entity130 in @entity1 studied at the University of Massachusetts Medical Center from 1984 to 1994. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (average age, 3 months) who died with @entity130 were studied with high-detail skeletal surveys and specimen radiography and histopathologic analysis. The distribution and number of @entity174 was determined for each technique, and dating was performed on the basis of radiologic and histologic criteria. The skull @entity174 noted in 13 cases were excluded from the numerical analysis. RESULTS: The radiologic-histopathologic correlation revealed 165 @entity174 involving the ribs in 84 (51%), long bones in 72 (44%), bones of the hands and feet in 6 (4%), clavicles in 2 (1%), and spine in 1 (< 1%). Of the 72 long bone @entity174 , the metaphyses were involved in 64 (89%, or 39% of the total), and the shaft was involved in 8 (11%, or 5% of the total). One hundred sixteen @entity174 were @entity446 , 36 were acute, and 13 were of indeterminate age. In all but two @entity1 , at least one @entity446 @entity174 was present. Of @entity174 diagnosed histopathologically, specimen radiography increased the yield of @entity174 noted on skeletal survey from 58% to 92%. CONCLUSION: Most @entity1 who die with inflicted injury have @entity174 at multiple sites. Metaphyseal and rib @entity174 are much more common than long bone shaft injuries, the opposite of the pattern found in older @entity1 . Because most abused @entity1 who die have evidence of @entity446 @entity174 at the time of autopsy, @entity146 radiologic efforts to identify these injuries in living as well as in decreased @entity1 appear justified.

title: @entity130 : a postmortem radiologic-histopathologic study in 31 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inflicted skeletal injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: There is scanty data on the occurrence of @entity1593 in @entity1 with @entity6 in South Asia. Our aim was to study the prevalence and clinical profile of @entity1593 in @entity1 with @entity6 in a tertiary care referral centre in north India. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 of @entity6 attending the Endocrine clinic of our institute between January 2002 and December 2008 were screened using anti- @entity8265 antibodies (tTGAb), and those positive were subjected to duodenal biopsy. Clinical profile of these @entity1 was recorded. RESULTS: Out of 189 @entity1 of @entity6 , 21 (11.1%) were diagnosed to have @entity1593 on the basis of positive serology (tTGAb) and duodenal histology. The mean age at diagnosis of @entity6 was 10.81    7.3 years and that of @entity1593 was 13.74    5.71 years, with a difference of 5.18    4.75 years between the two. Only 2/21 @entity1 with @entity1593 had been diagnosed before detection of @entity6 . Short stature was the commonest (52.3%) manifestation of @entity1593 , followed by @entity417 (47.3), @entity353 (42.8%), @entity294 (28.6%) and @entity490 (14.2%). After initiating gluten free diet, 14/16 symptomatic @entity1 had reversal of @entity417 , @entity353 and @entity294 . Growth rate velocity improved from 2.3    1.0 cm/year to 5.5    2.4 cm/year in those with @entity851 . CONCLUSION: @entity1593 is highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity6 (11.1%) and majority of them (90.5%) were diagnosed on screening. Routine screening is required for early diagnosis and combat associated co-morbidities.

title: Prevalence and clinical profile of XXXX in @entity6 in north India.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: AIM: To study the suppressing effect of @entity3791 on @entity5 @entity3 in vivo and observe the protein alteration of lung in @entity19 bearing @entity2 . METHODS: The functional role of @entity23070 ( @entity23070 ) was investigated in @entity5 tissues by @entity214 -PAGE and Western blot. The effect of @entity3791 on @entity5 @entity3 was analyzed by @entity2 model. Differential protein was identified by @entity214 -PAGE, isoelectrofocusing (IEF) methods, and peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). RESULTS: @entity3791 (40 mg/kg/d po for 21 d) dramatically reduced the numbers of lung @entity3 after sc inoculating @entity2 . The inhibition rate of lung metastases was 83.9 %. Simultaneously, the @entity23070 protein level and actin-cytoplasmic in lungs containing @entity3 deposits were found to be higher than that in the normal tissue. After treated with @entity3791 for 21 d, the expression of @entity23070 was obviously inhibited. CONCLUSION: @entity3791 can suppress @entity5 @entity3 , at least in part, by inhibiting the expression of @entity23070 . @entity23070 and actin-cytoplasmic may be new prognostic molecules as well as new therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of @entity3 .

title: @entity3791 suppresses @entity5 @entity3 and related protein expression in XXXX bearing @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'Lewis-lung-carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect ofmicroRNA-30a-5p (miRNA-30a-5p) on the biological behavior of @entity1 @entity157 cells. METHODS: The @entity96 cell line SMCC-7721 cells and the normal liver cell line L02 cells (control) were transiently transfected with miRNA-30a-5p mimics and an miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor by Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies). miR-30a-5p mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time (q)PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry.Invasion and migration were measured by transwell chamber assays. The SMCC-7721 cells was injected subcutaneously into @entity19 to establish a @entity5 animal model. RESULTS: The SMCC-7721 cells transfected with miRNA-30a-5p mimics showed significantly higher miRNA-30a-5p mRNA expression than the non-transfected SMCC-7721 cells and the transfected control L02 cells (P less than 0.01). The miRNA-30a-5p mRNA expression was significantly lower in the SMCC-7721 cells transfected with the miRNA-30a-5p inhibitor than the non-transfected SMCC-7721cells the control L02 cells (P less than 0.01). The overexpression of miRNA-30a-5p inhibited the viability, colony formation rate, and invasion and migration abilities, as shown in the cells transfected with the miRNA-30a-5p mimics (P less than 0.05); in addition, the miRNA-30a-5p promoted proliferation of cells (P less than 0.05), as shown by more S phase cells detected by flow cytometry. SMCC-7122 cells transfected with miRNA-30a-5p mimics produced @entity5 with significantly higher average weight than @entity5 produced by SMCC-7122 cells that were untransfected or transfected with empty vector (bothP less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: Overexpression ofmiR-30a-5p had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, increased the number of cells in S phase, and markedly inhibited invasion and migration of SMCC-7721 HCC cells in vitro and in vivo.

title: [Effect of miR-30a-5p on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of SMCC-7721 XXXX @entity157 cells.]

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The avidity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigenic peptides presented by the peptide-MHC (pMHC) on cells is a key parameter for cell-mediated immunity. Yet a fundamental feature of most @entity5 antigen-specific @entity405 (+) T cells is that this avidity is low. In this study, we addressed the need to identify and select @entity5 -specific @entity405 (+) T cells of highest avidity, which are of the greatest interest for adoptive cell therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 . To identify these rare cells, we developed a peptide-MHC multimer technology, which uses reversible Ni(2+)-nitrilotriacetic acid histidine tags (NTAmers). NTAmers are highly stable but upon imidazole addition, they decay rapidly to pMHC monomers, allowing flow-cytometric-based measurements of monomeric TCR-pMHC dissociation rates of living @entity405 (+) T cells on a wide avidity spectrum. We documented strong correlations between NTAmer kinetic results and those obtained by surface plasmon resonance. Using NTAmers that were deficient for @entity405 binding to pMHC, we found that @entity405 itself stabilized the TCR-pMHC complex, prolonging the dissociation half-life several fold. Notably, our NTAmer technology accurately predicted the function of large panels of @entity5 -specific T cells that were isolated prospectively from @entity1 with @entity5 . Overall, our results demonstrated that NTAmers are effective tools to isolate rare high-avidity cytotoxic T cells from @entity1 for use in adoptive therapies for @entity5 treatment. @entity5 Res; 75(10); 1983-91.   2015 AACR.

title: Identification of Rare High-Avidity, Tumor-Reactive XXXX + T Cells by Monomeric TCR-Ligand Off-Rates Measurements on Living Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary intraosseous @entity9332 (PICHs) are generally rare and predominate (3:1) in @entity1 . Occurrence in the frontal and parietal bones is most common, but involvement of the occipital bone is exceedingly rare, representing 3 of 125 cases in a series of PICHs studied by Heckl et  al. in 2000. Histopathology establishes the diagnosis of @entity2477 , which represents the most common subtype of @entity34730 . Others include sclerosing, cellular, and capillary. When they do occur in the calvarium, they are most often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally or due to a palpable defect in the skull. CASE DESCRIPTION: In this case, a @entity9332 was found to be the cause of @entity428 in a 35-year-old @entity1 . Resection of the @entity2695 and reconstruction of the calvarium provided a complete cure for her symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity34730 are rarely symptomatic but must be considered in the differential for @entity75 as part of safe surgical planning. Formulating an accurate differential diagnosis by acquiring proper imaging studies and specifically recognizing the classical "starburst" appearance, as well as considering the highly vascular pathology to avoid excess @entity190 , is important. This unique case of a @entity50 and subsequent @entity428 illustrates that @entity2695 can arise from any part of the calvarium and cause a wide variety of clinical symptoms.

title: Intracranial Hypertension Caused by XXXX : Case Report.

entities_list: @entity34730 :: ('MESH:C564648', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial lesions']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial hemangioma', 'calvarial hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma-induced venous sinus compression']

answer: @entity9332 :: (MESH:C537963,Disease) :: ['Occipital Calvarial Hemangioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively compare the accuracy of the initial MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) report of referring radiologists and the second opinion report. MATERIAL AND METHODS: MRI of 155 @entity1 presenting with a soft tissue @entity5 (STT) in a single large community center were referred for inclusion in the Belgian Soft Tissue Neoplasm Registry (BSTNR). The initial report and the second opinion report were made independently. Histopathology (gold standard) was obtained in 90 @entity1 (group 1). In 65 @entity1 , the diagnosis was made by the combination of clinical findings and/or follow-up (group 2). In group 1, the concordance in grading and @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) diagnosis between the referring center (RC) and expert center (EC) was reviewed. RESULTS: In group 1, MR grading yields a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 89% in the EC. The sensitivity was 88% and the specificity 81% in the RC. The accuracy was significantly higher in the EC (92%) compared to the RC (83%) (p   =   0.039). The @entity3145 diagnosis was correct in 50% versus 38.5% of @entity5 and in 71.8% versus 51.6% of @entity5 in the EC and RC respectively. CONCLUSION: A second opinion report increases the accuracy in the diagnosis of STT on MRI. MAIN MESSAGES:     A second opinion MRI report increases the overall accuracy in the diagnosis of soft tissue @entity5 .     There is a good overall agreement in MR grading between the referring and expert institution.     In the expert center, there were fewer false-negative and false-positive diagnoses.     MRI performs better in the @entity3145 diagnosis of benign versus malignant STT.

title: Grading and characterization of soft tissue XXXX on magnetic resonance imaging: the value of an expert second opinion report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue-specific', 'TS']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the epidemiology and outcome of @entity2194 in southern @entity233 . METHODS: @entity1 referred to the University of Cukurova, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, with @entity2194 during the last two years were reviewed retrospectively. Age and gender of @entity1 , @entity130 , cause of injury, place where @entity227 , and final outcome were analyzed. RESULTS: Medical records of 250 @entity1 (four bilateral injuries), aged between three months and ninety years were reviewed. Ocular @entity130 mostly occurred between 0 and 15 years and a male preponderance (76.8%) was evident. There were 72% @entity542 , corneal and/or scleral penetration being the most common @entity130 . Metallic objects were the main cause of injury (32.4%). Fifty percent of injuries happened in streets. Closed-globe and self-sealing @entity267 were found to have the best prognosis in terms of final outcome (57.6% and 57.9%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both). Initial visual acuity was found to be a significant predictor of final visual acuity (P < 0.001). @entity3225 was significantly associated with metallic objects (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: @entity4858 is still a common and avoidable cause of @entity1939 . Our findings suggest that any @entity1 in the population can be subject to @entity2194 at any time. Prognosis might be challenging. Education, attention, and safety precautions would help in reducing ocular morbidity.

title: XXXX ( @entity2194 ) in southern @entity233 : epidemiology, ocular survival, and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['injury occurred, initial and final visual acuities']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injuries']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injuries']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['Eye injury']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['Endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury type', 'type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity4858 :: (MESH:D005131,Disease) :: ['Eye injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity842 (NO) mechanisms have been shown to modulate fasting small intestinal motility in @entity1 , but a role in the regulation of @entity1 postprandial small intestinal motility has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ) on the regulation of small intestinal nutrient transit and postprandial small intestinal motility in healthy @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seven healthy male volunteers (18-27 years) underwent antroduodenal manometry recordings for 4 h on 2 occasions after intraduodenal instillation of a 500 KJ [120 Kcal] test meal. The meal was administered 15 min after the commencement of a 60-min intravenous infusion of @entity7293 (4 mg kg-1 h-1) or saline (0.9%). Studies were separated, performed in randomized order and >3 days apart. The frequency and amplitude of duodenal pressure waves together with time to return of fasting motility (phase III) was determined. On each day, small intestinal transit was measured using a @entity11884 breath test. RESULTS: The test meal interrupted fasting small intestinal motility in all subjects. The time to recurrence of fasting motility following its postprandial disruption was similar ( @entity7293 versus saline 1.6+/-0.2 h versus 1.9+/-0.1 h; p>0.05). Duodenocaecal transit was delayed by infusion of @entity7293 compared with saline ( @entity7293 versus saline 92.1+/-3.9 min versus 66.4+/-6.4 min; p<0.005). Infusion of @entity7293 significantly increased the frequency ( @entity7293 versus saline 50.4+/-6.6 versus 34.8+/-5.5 waves per 30 min; p<0.05) and amplitude ( @entity7293 versus saline 20.4+/-1.5 versus 15.5+/-1.1 mmHg; p<0.01) of duodenal pressure waves. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endogenous NO may play a role in the regulation of small intestinal nutrient transit by regulating small intestinal motility in healthy individuals.

title: Endogenous XXXX modulates small intestinal nutrient transit and activity in healthy adult @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: The origin of @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) and the pathogenesis of @entity11757 ( @entity11757 ) are still controversial issues. These issues and relationships between these traumatic subdural lesions are discussed. The origin of @entity6087 is usually a @entity11757 , although a few cases are caused by @entity6477 ( @entity6477 ). @entity11757 is produced by separation of the dura-arachnoid interface, when there is sufficient subdural space. When the brain remains shrunken, the @entity11757 remains unresolved. Any pathologic condition inducing cleavage of tissue within the dural border layer at the dura-arachnoid interface can induce proliferation of dural border cells with production of neomembrane. In-growth of new vessels will follow, especially along the outer membrane, then bleeding from these vessels occurs. These unresolved SDGs become CSDHs by repeated microhaemorrhage from the neomembrane. Although most victims with @entity6477 underwent surgery or died, some @entity1 could be managed conservatively. Since the @entity6477 is usually absorbed within a few weeks, only a very few ASDHs become CSDHs, when there is a sufficient potential subdural space. @entity6087 can arise from @entity6477 , but more commonly from @entity11757 . Such transformation, or development of a new @entity75 , is a function of the premorbid status and the dynamics of absorption and expansion.

title: Origin of XXXX and relation to traumatic subdural lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subdural lesion']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural haematoma', 'chronic subdural haematoma', 'CSDH']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['SDG', 'Subdural hygroma', 'subdural hygroma']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['ASDH', 'acute subdural haematomas']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: In this "sandwich"-type enzyme immunoassay of galactosyltransferase isoenzyme II (GT-II), we used the monoclonal antibody MAb 3872 previously established and characterized to be specific for GT-II. Plastic beads coated with MAb 3872 were incubated with serum and buffer, washed, then incubated with MAb 3872 conjugated with horseradish peroxidase and again washed. Peroxidase activity remaining on the beads was measured by color development with @entity15729 . The assay standard curve was linear from 0 to 150 kU/L. Inter- and intra-assay CVs were less than 9% and less than 7%, respectively. Mean GT-II values for 370 normal controls were 6.8 (SD 3.4) kU/L with no significant sex-, smoking-, or blood-type-related differences. We also assayed serum from @entity1 with 11 different @entity5 or with matched benign diseases. The diagnostic sensitivity of @entity96 was 0.91 and 0.72, respectively, apparently higher than for @entity787 or @entity160 . GT-II and @entity787 concentrations in sera were not correlated. Evidently this assay may be useful as a @entity5 diagnostic test to supplement existing serological methods.

title: An enzyme immunoassay for galactosyltransferase isoenzyme II, and its clinical application to XXXX diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity15729 :: ('MESH:C034193', 'Chemical') :: ['o-phenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['GT-II for liver and esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study analyzed the recent trend in the incidence of @entity2615 in Finland and evaluated the coverage of reporting work-related @entity2615 . METHODS: The incidence of @entity2615 in 1960-1995 was retrieved from the Finnish Cancer Registry, and the number of asbestos-associated work-related @entity2615 were taken from the Finnish Register of @entity3675 . RESULTS: The annual number of @entity2615 increased rapidly in 1975-1990. In the 1990s, the age-adjusted incidence remained relatively stable for Finnish @entity1 . The annual number of cases still increased among @entity1 over 65 years of age, but decreased slightly among @entity1 under 55 years of age and among @entity1 . About 35 annual cases were diagnosed among @entity1 and 10-15 among @entity1 in the mid-1990s. The reporting of work-related @entity2615 improved during the Finnish asbestos program in 1987-1992. In 1993-1995 about 30 annual cases (ie, about 90% of all pleural and 50% of the peritoneal @entity2615 in @entity1 ) were reported to be work-related. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing trend in the incidence of @entity2615 in Finland has slowed down in the 1990s, and the maximum of asbestos-related cases in the early 2000s will probably be clearly less than the 100 annual cases estimated in the early 1990s. If the observed trend continues up to 2010, about 40-50 cases among @entity1 and 10-20 among @entity1 will then be diagnosed annually. Altogether 40-50 of these cases would be related to occupational asbestos exposure.

title: Trends in XXXX incidence and @entity2615 in Finland in 1960-1995.

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['Occupational Diseases']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

answer: @entity2615 :: (MESH:D008654,Disease) :: ['mesothelioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate smoking prevalence among Australian secondary students in 1999 and to examine trends in smoking-related behaviours since 1984. METHOD: A randomly selected representative sample of 399 secondary schools from across Australia participated in the study. At each school, up to 80 randomly selected students completed a pencil-and-paper questionnaire anonymously. Data from 25,486 students aged between 12 and 17 years are reported. RESULTS: Current smoking (smoking in the week before the survey) was 6% in @entity1 and @entity1 aged 12, and rose to a peak prevalence among 17-year-olds of 33% for @entity1 and 30% for @entity1 . Comparisons across survey years showed that while fewer 12-to-15-year-olds were current smokers in 1999 than in 1996, among 16- and 17-year-olds, the proportion of current smokers in 1999 and 1996 was similar. Students who smoked were less likely to buy their cigarettes in 1999 than in previous surveys. Both older and younger secondary students were more likely to have received lessons about @entity286 in the school year prior to the 1999 survey than were students in the 1996 survey. CONCLUSION: The rise in the prevalence of smoking among younger secondary students seen in the 1990s seems to have stopped and smoking prevalence has declined. IMPLICATIONS: Extrapolating from this survey, we estimate that nearly 269,000 12-to-17-year-old students were current smokers in 1999. If they all continue to smoke, 134,000 would die prematurely.

title: Changes in the use of XXXX among Australian secondary students: results of the 1999 prevalence study and comparisons with earlier years.

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic abuse of @entity8336 by inhalation causes variable white matter changes and @entity9479 on T2-weighted MR images. The purpose of our study was to assess cranial MR findings in a large series of @entity1 who chronically abuse @entity8336 -containing solvents to investigate the factors causing the qualitative variability of white matter changes and @entity9479 . METHODS: We studied the neurologic signs, symptoms, and cranial MR findings in 41 @entity1 who chronically abused thinner, a @entity8336 -containing solvent. We classified white matter changes as diffuse or restricted. We tested the associations of the development of @entity62 and @entity9479 with @entity1 age at onset of @entity734 . RESULTS: MR images revealed @entity62 in 46% of the @entity1 , @entity384 of ventricles and sulci in 27%, and @entity9479 in 20%. White matter changes were restricted in 53% and diffuse in 47%. The development of white matter changes and @entity9479 were significantly associated with duration of abuse longer than 4 years (P <.05 and P <.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: White matter changes seem to start in the deep periventricular white matter, and they spread into peripheral white matter, causing the loss of gray matter-white matter differentiation with continued @entity8336 abuse. The deposition of @entity68 due to @entity17 and @entity393 is the most probable mechanism for the @entity9479 found in solvent abusers.

title: Cranial MR findings in chronic XXXX abuse by inhalation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic hypointensity']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['axonal loss']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['abuse and duration of abuse']

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['toluene']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most studies on variant forms of aortic dissection--penetrating @entity1066 and intramural @entity1410 --have focused on the initial presenting episode, with scant follow-up. This investigation provides midterm follow-up of penetrating @entity1066 and intramural @entity1410 to determine whether the aorta shows healing according to radiography, goes on to dilate, or tends to @entity397 during later follow-up. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with penetrating @entity1066 (n = 26) or intramural @entity1410 (n = 19) were treated at our institution. Ten @entity1 with penetrating @entity1066 were male and 16 were female, and their ages ranged from 54 to 87 years (mean 72 years). Eight @entity1 with intramural @entity1410 were male and 11 were female, and their ages ranged from 54 to 88 years (mean 74 years). These @entity1 all had symptoms of @entity2333 . @entity1 with incidental imaging findings were not considered. RESULTS: In the group with penetrating @entity1066 , @entity397 occurred during the initial admission in 10 (38%) cases, 17 @entity1 (65%) underwent surgery, and 22 @entity1 (85%) survived to hospital discharge. Among those with intramural @entity1410 , @entity397 occurred during the initial admission in 5 cases (26%), 7 @entity1 (37%) underwent surgery, and 16 @entity1 (84%) survived to hospital discharge. Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 12.5 years (mean 3.4 years). No @entity455 occurred. Imaging follow-up was available for 26 of the 45 @entity1 . Of these, 19% of lesions showed resolution, 23% had worsened, 39% had progressed to typical dissection, and 19% were unchanged. Six late deaths were known to be caused by @entity397 . In the group with penetrating @entity1066 , aortic diameter increased from 4.8 to 5.1 cm during the course of 14 months. In the group with intramural @entity1410 , aortic diameter increased from 5.3 to 5.9 cm during the course of 21 months. Overall survivals were 80% at 1 year, 73% at 3 years, and 66% at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: Intramural @entity1410 and penetrating @entity1066 are lesions associated with advanced age. @entity1 predominate. Penetrating @entity1066 and intramural @entity1410 both early and late. Radiographically documented worsening, improvement, or frank dissection may occur with time. Aortic growth does occur (0.2 cm per year for penetrating @entity1066 and 0.4 cm per year for intramural @entity1410 ). Vascular @entity63 complications do not occur. Because of the high early @entity397 rate, the frequency of radiographic worsening, and the documented occurrence of late @entity397 , we now recommend surgical replacement of the aorta for these @entity455 as long as the @entity1 's comorbidities do not preclude surgical intervention.

title: Midterm follow-up of penetrating XXXX and intramural @entity1410 of the aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic vascular complications', 'virulent vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma rupture', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the different diagnostic features (symptoms, physical examination, radiographic features and intraoperative findings) of @entity626 before total joint replacement and consequently relate them with each other. METHOD: @entity1 with primary @entity626 , who where accepted for total joint replacement in our clinic, were integrated in our study. The medical conditions were recorded by using the Womac score, the knee subscore (KS) of the Knee Society Clinical Rating System and a visual analogue scale (VAS). A physical examination was also performed. The radiological evaluation was performed by using standardised radiographs. Joint space narrowing, @entity2001 , @entity5040 , knee alignment and the Kellgren score were recorded. During surgery an orthopaedic specialist documented the progression of cartilage lesions using the classification of @entity1844 described by Outerbridge. The analysis of correlation was performed by using the Spearman correlation ( @entity51177 ) coefficient. RESULTS: 103 @entity1 were integrated in the study (mean age: 68 years, 70 @entity1 ). No significant correlation could be found between the Womac score or VAS and the results of the radiological examination ( @entity51177 [Womac - Kellgren score]: - 0.04; @entity51177 [VAS - Kellgren score]: 0.08). There was a significant correlation between the KS and the results of the radiological examination as well as the progression of the cartilage lesions, caused by the results of the physical examination documented in the KS ( @entity51177 [KS - Kellgren score]: - 0.39). The radiographic features, with the exception of @entity2001 , showed a significant correlation with the degree of @entity1844 ( @entity51177 [Kellgren score - @entity1844 ]: 0.43). The amount of @entity5040 correlated the most with the cartilage lesions: @entity51177 : 0.43. CONCLUSION: The knee subscore appears to be an efficient method for staging the clinical progression of @entity626 for clinical practice as well as for clinical trials. The Womac score especially serves to record the level of @entity158 . We were able to confirm that the presence of @entity5040 is the most significant radiographic feature of @entity626 . The Kellgren score turned out to be a reliable method for monitoring the radiographic progression of @entity626 .

title: [Is there a correlation between the clinical, radiological and intrasurgical findings of XXXX ? A Prospective study on 103 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['chondromalacia']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral sclerosis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee']


abstract: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy in rodents increases the risk of the offspring to develop @entity161 -related behaviors, suggesting a relationship between the immune system and the brain development. Here we tested the hypothesis that MIA induced by the viral mimetic @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ) in early or late gestation of @entity19 leads to @entity146 in the adulthood. On gestational days (GDs) 9 or 17 pregnant dams were treated with @entity14018 or saline via intravenous route and the offspring behaviors were measured during adulthood. Considering the progressive structural neuroanatomical alterations in the brain of individuals with @entity161 , we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform brain morphometric analysis of the offspring aged one year. MIA on GD9 or GD17 led to increased basal locomotor activity, enhanced motor responses to @entity3652 , a psychotomimetic drug, and reduced time spent in the center of the arena, suggesting an increased @entity148 -like behavior. In addition, MIA on GD17 reduced @entity413 preference in the offspring. None of the treatments altered the relative volume of the lateral ventricles. However, a decrease in brain volume, especially for posterior structures, was observed for one-year-old animals treated with @entity14018 compared with control groups. Thus, activation of the maternal immune system at different GDs lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral alterations possibly related to the positive and negative symptoms of @entity161 . These results provide insights on neuroimmunonological and neurodevelopmental aspects of certain psychopathologies, such as @entity161 .

title: Effects of early or late prenatal immune activation in XXXX on behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant to @entity161 in the adulthood.

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and neuroanatomical disorders']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Some @entity2 relapse on the cutting line in spite of a negative histologic stump. Histologic examination is limited to only few sites of excised sample. Conversely, stump curettage cytologic examination is useful to examine the whole area. We conducted a simultaneous histological and cytological study to assess the value of stump curettage cytologic examination. Forty-two staple-excised peripheral small lesions (< 3 cm in diameter) from 35 @entity1 , aged 50 to 82 years, were assessed. Ten were subject to VATS and 32 to thoracotomy. Preoperative diagnoses were: 15 undiagnosed lesions ( @entity2 : 8, benign lesion: 7), 18 @entity2 and 9 metastatic @entity5 . The whole area of the excised stump was curetted before observing the cross section to prevent malignant cell contamination. After that, the sample was cut vertically to staple line and pathologically examined. Thirty-eight percent (11/29) of histologically negative @entity9 were cytologically positive. Twenty-seven malignant lesions underwent only excision and 6 @entity9 were finally cytologically positive. Two of 6 cytological positive lesions relapsed at the staple site were excised at the second operation. Stump curettage cytological examination was more sensitive than histological examination to detect malignant cell contamination.

title: [Stump curettage cytologic examination of excised XXXX is more sensitive than histologic examination].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['stumps']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'malignant lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: All recent guidelines recommend a search for @entity565 utilizing both specific interrogation and pulmonary function tests in @entity1 suffering from @entity2023 . Although the mandatory place of spirometry has not been confirmed, a self-questionnaire containing nine specific questions on @entity565 symptoms in different daily life situations was found to be capable of discriminating asthmatics from nonasthmatics in a rhinitic population. OBJECTIVE: We addressed the questions of prevalence of @entity565 using a validated self-questionnaire and what might be the risk factors of being asthmatic according to that specific self-questionnaire. METHODS: Between April 2003 and September 2004, nearly 12,000 @entity2490 @entity1 were enrolled by more than 2300 physicians (78% general practitioners, 22% ear nose and throat specialists). @entity1 were consulting for an exacerbation of chronic @entity2490 and did not have a previous diagnosis of @entity565 . Both doctors and @entity1 filled out a specific questionnaire on @entity2490 and @entity565 . RESULTS: Almost 30% of the @entity1 had at least three positive answers to the self-questionnaire and could possibly be considered as asthmatics. We found five independent clinical risk factors for having >or=3 positive answers to the self-questionnaire. Severity of @entity2490 (moderate-severe vs mild, OR=1.84; 95% CI=1.68-2.00), diagnosis of @entity566 (yes vs no) (OR=1.86; 95% CI=1.68-2.00), body mass index (<or=18.5 vs >30) (OR=0.51; 95% CI=0.39-0.66), type of @entity2490 (persistent vs intermittent) (OR=1.25; 95% CI=1.15-1.37), and @entity1 age (<or=25 vs >47) (OR=0.73; 95% CI=0.65-0.80). CONCLUSION: Asthma symptoms are frequent in rhinitics without a prior history of @entity565 . Several variables were shown to be predictive of @entity565 in these @entity1 .

title: The diagnosis of XXXX using a self-questionnaire in those suffering from @entity2023 : a pharmaco-epidemiological survey in everyday practice in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of cerebrovascular risk factors (CVRFs), endothelial function, carotid artery @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ), and neuropsychological performance in a sample of 198 middle-aged and older individuals with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). @entity51 are common among adults with @entity308 , particularly among those with CVRFs and potentially @entity1 with subclinical @entity455 . METHODS: CVRFs were indexed by the Framingham @entity64 Risk Profile (FSRP) and serum @entity165 levels obtained by medical history and physical examination. @entity1 completed a neuropsychological test battery including measures of executive functioning, working memory, and verbal recall. Vascular function was indexed by carotid artery @entity1004 and brachial artery @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the association between CVRFs, @entity455 , and neurocognitive performance. RESULTS: Greater FSRP scores were associated with poorer executive functioning (b = -0.86; p = .041) and working memory (b = -0.90; p = .024). Lower high-density lipoprotein levels also were associated with poorer executive functioning (b = 1.03; p = .035). Higher @entity1004 (b = -0.83; p = .028) and lower @entity384 (b = 1.29; p = .032) were associated with poorer executive functioning after controlling for CVRFs. Lower @entity384 was also associated with poorer working memory (b = 1.58; p = .015). CONCLUSIONS: Greater CVRFs were associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. @entity455 also was associated with neuropsychological decrements independent of traditional CVRFs.

title: Cerebrovascular risk factors, @entity455 , and neuropsychological outcomes in adults with major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intima medial thickness', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular dysfunction', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in different degrees of burn wounds in scalded @entity35 . METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were employed in the study. First degree (I), shallow (shallow II) and deep partial @entity121 (deep II) and full @entity121 burn wounds (III) were created on the @entity35 skin. Burn wound samples were harvested at 24 postburn hours (PBHs) from all the wounds and were processed to tissue slices. The tissue slices were stained by immunohistochemistry technique. The expression and distribution of ESCs in different degrees of burn wounds were observed with integrins alpha 2 beta 1 and @entity39366 ( @entity39366 ) as first antibodies. RESULTS: @entity39366 positive cells were found to distribute in the strata spinosum, granulosum and lucidum in the @entity130 (I) with large amounts of integrins alpha 2 beta 1 positive cells in the residual basal layer and skin appendages (hair follicles) in shallow @entity121 ( @entity1605 ), and there were less integrins alpha 2 beta 1 positive cells in the remaining skin appendages in deep dermis in deep @entity121 ( @entity121 ). Finally, integrins alpha 2 beta 1 positive cells were sparsely found in the III degree burn wound. CONCLUSION: The distribution of ESCs in burn wounds was closely related to the depth of burn wound. The residual ESCs might be the origin of burn wound regeneration and reepithelization.

title: [A preliminary study on the identification and distribution of epidermal stem cells in different degrees of burn wounds in scalded XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['shallow II degree']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['partial thickness burn wound', 'thickness', 'deep II degree']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['first degree burn wound']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eight-year experience with the septal anterior ventricular exclusion procedure for @entity712 due to @entity1000 was evaluated. METHODS: In 36 @entity1 (27 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 with a mean age of 60 years) with @entity712 ; New York Heart Association class III/IV (21/15); and @entity339 2+ or greater, the procedure was indicated when the diastolic dimension was 75 mm or greater, and the septum was @entity2845 . A long, narrow oval patch was sutured to form a downsized elliptical left ventricle by excluding the septum and anterior wall. Mitral reconstruction was combined for all @entity1 (26 repairs with undersized ring and 10 replacements with bioprosthesis) and tricuspid repair was added for 16 @entity1 (44%). RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 13.8% (5 of 36), with 6.5% (2 of 31) in elective and 60% (3 of 5) in emergency operations. Ejection fraction increased from 20.9% +/- 6.4% to 27.5% +/- 8.8%, left ventricular diastolic dimension decreased from 81.9 +/- 9.2 mm to 70.1 +/- 10.0 mm, and @entity1002 decreased from 236.5 +/- 65.0 mL/m2 to 183 +/- 60.5 mL/m2 and from 181.3 +/- 55.4 mL/m2 to 133.5 +/- 54.1 mL/m2, respectively. Left ventricular endodiastolic pressure decreased from 24.3 +/- 9.7 mm Hg to 19.4 +/- 7.6 mm Hg. Brain natriuretic peptide decreased from 975 +/- 866 pg/mL to 404 +/- 366 pg/mL at 1 to 6 postoperative months. Eleven late deaths were noted and were due to @entity712 (6), @entity944 (4) and @entity64 (1). The mean New York Heart Association class was 1.7 among the survivors. One- and 3-year survival rates were 67.5% and 60.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The septal anterior ventricular exclusion procedure with mitral reconstruction is a useful option for the treatment of advanced @entity1000 in extremely dilated left ventricle with @entity2845 septum.

title: Septal anterior ventricular exclusion procedure for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular endodiastolic and endosystolic volume indices']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of the microflora of the sand @entity238 gut and the environmental distribution of these bacteria are important components for paratransgenic control of Leishmania transmission by sand flies. METHODS: Biotic and abiotic bacterial communities of four compartments of a @entity4759 focus of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) were investigated using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree construction. These compartments include @entity18016 's gut, skin and intestinal tract of great gerbil Rhombomys opimus, the gerbil nest supplies, and plant food sources of the vectors and reservoirs. RESULTS: Sequence homology analysis using nine available 16S rDNA data bases revealed 40, 24, 15 and 14 aerobic bacterial species from the vector guts, the gerbil bodies, the gerbil nests, and the plants, respectively. The isolated bacteria belong to wide ranges including aerobic to facultative anaerobic, pathogen to commensals, sand @entity238 oviposition inducers, land to air and ocean habitats, animal and @entity1 probiotics, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Matching data analysis suggested that the adult P. papatasi gut bacteria could be acquired from three routes, adult sugar feeding on the plant saps, adult blood feeding on the animal host, and larval feeding from nest supplies. However, our laboratory experiment showed that none of the bacteria of the reservoir skin was transmitted to female sand @entity238 guts via blood feeding. The microflora of sand @entity238 guts were associated with the sand @entity238 environment in which the predominant bacteria were Microbacterium, Pseudomonas, and @entity794 in @entity1 dwellings, @entity291 farms, and rodent colonies, respectively. @entity794 was the most common bacterium in sand @entity238 guts. Presence of some sand @entity238 ovipoisition inducers such Bacillus spp. and @entity8803 support association between gut flora and oviposition induction. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study showed that @entity3881 and @entity7100 particularly subsp. dissolvens are circulated among the sand @entity238 guts, the plants, and the sand @entity238 larval breeding places and hence are possible candidates for a paratransgenic approach to reduce Leishmania transmission.

title: Aerobic bacterial flora of biotic and abiotic compartments of a hyperendemic XXXX ( @entity4536 ) focus.

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity7100 :: ('550', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter cloacae']

entities_list: @entity8803 :: ('29385', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus saprophyticus']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis', 'ZCL']

entities_list: @entity18016 :: ('MESH:D010217', 'Disease') :: ['Phlebotomus papatasi']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-endemic']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alefacept, a fully @entity1 LFA-3/IgG(1) fusion protein, is a selective biological agent approved in the United States for the treatment of @entity102 . In phase 3 trials, clinical improvement and prolonged off-treatment remission of @entity1569 correlated with reductions in circulating memory T cells. Reductions in pathogenic epidermal T cells in psoriatic lesions also have been noted following phototherapy with ultraviolet B (UVB) light. Because alefacept and UVB target T cells in different ways, combination therapy with these two agents may lead to greater efficacy. OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy trends of combination therapy with alefacept plus UVB light in @entity1 with @entity102 . METHODS: In an open-label, parallel-group study conducted at two sites, one in France and one in the United States, @entity1 with @entity102 who were candidates for phototherapy received 12-weekly intramuscular injections of alefacept, 15 mg. In addition, @entity1 were randomized to one of three treatment arms: no UVB treatment, 6-week UVB treatment, and 12-week UVB treatment. UVB treatment consisted of narrowband (NB) UVB at the site in France and broadband (BB) UVB at the site in the United States. The 12-week treatment period was followed by a 12-week follow-up period. Clinic visits occurred weekly during treatment and every 2-4 weeks during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 60 @entity1 (n = 30/site) were enrolled in the study. Alefacept was well tolerated when administered in combination with UVB treatment and as monotherapy. There was no evidence of increased @entity6337 or photosensitivity with the combination. At each study site, alefacept/UVB provided a higher overall response rate and led to a more rapid onset of response compared with alefacept monotherapy. Of @entity1 who achieved > or = 50% reduction from baseline Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI 50) at 2 weeks after the last dose of alefacept, 75-100% in the combination therapy groups maintained this response throughout follow-up in the absence of further @entity1569 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity102 , combination therapy with alefacept plus short-term (6-12 weeks) UVB treatment is well tolerated with a trend toward greater and more rapid efficacy than alefacept alone.

title: An open-label study of alefacept plus ultraviolet B light as combination therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic plaque psoriasis']


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the most common in Mexican female population. The @entity1082 ) 16 and 18 frequencies in worldwide may be different due to geographical distribution. We analyzed the prevalence of HPV types and determinated their association in @entity75 in a Mexican population. One hundred fifty-nine normal cervical smears, 95 low-grade squamous @entity75 (LGSIL), 59 high-grade squamous @entity75 (HGSIL), and 108 @entity5 samples of the @entity1 were collected. HPV types were determined by sequencing. We detected 11 high-risk types, four low-risk types, three not determinated, and two probably high risk. HPV were present in 12%, 57%, 88%, and 92% from normal, LGSIL, HGSIL, and @entity5 samples, respectively. @entity1799 was the most common in all @entity75 (71.6% in @entity5 ). HPV 58 was present in 18.6% of HGSIL, and the HPV 18 in 4.6% of @entity5 . The 76% of all detected viruses belong to A9 species branch. Control @entity1 showed high percentage of HPV high-risk infection, suggesting that this is a high-risk group. High frequency of @entity1799 compared with a low incidence of HPV 18 was observed. HPV 58 is frequently detected in HGSIL but low frequency is found in @entity5 . These findings might be considered for HPV screening.

title: @entity1082 -specific viral types are common in Mexican XXXX affected by @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions', 'intraepithelial lesions', 'cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity5296 dispersed in oil acts as gel emulsifier to stabilize ordered lamellar structures; however, with time these phases age, leading to separation of oil and lipid. The aging of aggregated structures of @entity5297 in hydrophobic medium is described by a set of different techniques. Polarized microscopy was used to study the mesomorphic behavior as a function of time. Differential scanning calorimetry was utilized to quantitatively monitor changes in the latent heat in different phase transformations that take place in the aging system. The X-ray diffraction patterns fingerprinted the molecular arrangement in different emerging phases. Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the states of @entity3884 bonding in the system. We conclude that in both inverted-lamellar and sub-alpha crystalline phases, @entity5296 molecules inevitably lose their emulsified ability in the hydrophobic solutions through the gradual change in @entity3884 bonding patterns. On aging, the recombination of @entity3884 bonding between @entity653 groups causes the segregation of chiral (d and l) isomers within the bilayers. Therefore, all structures were eventually forced to reorder into the ground-state beta-crystalline phase. Accordingly, the highly ordered packing of aged structures weakened the emulsifying ability and finally led to the collapse of the percolating gel network.

title: Aging and metastability of XXXX in hydrophobic solutions.

entities_list: @entity5296 :: ('CHEBI:17408', 'Chemical') :: ['Monoglyceride', 'monoglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5297 :: ('MESH:D050178', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity5297 :: (MESH:D050178,Chemical) :: ['monoglycerides']


abstract: Exciting discoveries related to IL-1R/TLR signaling in the development of @entity731 plaque have triggered intense interest in the molecular mechanisms by which innate immune signaling modulates the onset and development of @entity731 . Previous studies have clearly shown the definitive role of proinflammatory cytokine @entity5003 in the development of @entity731 . Recent studies have provided direct evidence supporting a link between innate immunity and @entity731 . Although it is still controversial about whether infectious pathogens contribute to @entity65 , direct genetic evidence indicates the importance of IL-1R/TLR signaling in @entity731 . In this study, we examined the role of @entity32800 ( @entity32800 ) kinase activity in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-mediated signaling using bone marrow-derived macrophage as well as an in vivo model of @entity731 . First, we found that the @entity32800 kinase activity was required for modified LDL-induced NF-kB activation and expression of a subset of proinflammatory genes but not for the activation of MAPKs in bone marrow-derived macrophage. @entity32800 kinase-inactive knockin (IRAK4KI) @entity19 were bred onto @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 to generate IRAK4KI/ @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Importantly, the aortic sinus lesion formation was impaired in IRAK4KI/ @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared with that in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Furthermore, proinflammatory cytokine production was reduced in the aortic sinus region of IRAK4KI/ @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 compared with that in @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Taken together, our results indicate that the @entity32800 kinase plays an important role in modified LDL-mediated signaling and the development of @entity731 , suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of @entity32800 kinase activity might be a feasible approach in the development of antiatherosclerosis drugs.

title: The critical role of XXXX receptor-associated kinase 4-mediated NF-kB activation in modified low-density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory gene expression and @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity5003 :: (111343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: NF-kB, especially @entity1992 subunit, plays important role in the process of @entity3794 . In this study, we transformed fibroblast into myofibroblast induced by @entity1732 , and then studied the effects of NF-kB @entity1992 antisense oligonucleotide on @entity3794 in @entity19 model. METHODS: Pulmonary @entity82 was induced by @entity1732 in C57BL/6 @entity19 (modeling group). The NF-kB antisense oligonucleotide was injected intravenously into @entity19 6 hours before inducing (test group), we performed broncho-alveolar lavage and blood collecting through cardiac puncture. Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) and serum from normal C57BL/6 @entity19 (control group) were collected for comparison. Immunohistochemistry staining of the NF-kB and @entity3113 on lung tissues and cultured cells were carried out in each group, respectively. RESULTS: The expression level of NF-kB and @entity3113 were both consistently higher in modeling group when compared with control group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, they were reduced significantly through the intervention of NF-kB @entity1992 antisense oligonucleotide in the test group (P < 0.05). More importantly, the expression of NF-kB was positively correlated with @entity3113 . CONCLUSION: our study suggests the potential in prevention of @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 with NF-kB @entity1992 antisense oligonucleotide.

title: Intervention of transforming XXXX with NF-kB @entity1992 antisense oligonucleotide.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: The gallbladder is conventionally regarded as an absorptive organ such that dilute hepatic bile is both stored and concentrated. We studied 35 @entity1 who had recovered from a percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage performed for acute @entity2679 . After an overnight fast, gallbladder bile was dark brown in color and had a wide scatter in the lipid composition. Two hours after a meal, the gallbladder bile was opalescent white in color and had the composition of an extracellular fluid. This phenomenon was uniformly observed in all 35 @entity1 and was also consistently reproducible when five @entity1 were repeatedly studied. We used normal @entity235 gallbladder epithelial cell monolayers grown in culture and examined @entity1372 flux. Control gallbladder cells absorbed @entity1372 . When secretin (0.5-2.5 x 10(-7) M) was added, there was a prompt reversal of @entity1372 flux, resulting in net secretion. We conclude that secretion is a physiological function of the gallbladder mucosa. After feeding, the neural and humoral factors divert stored and newly secreted bile into the duodenum and induce active de novo secretion thus producing a gallbladder bile that is opalescent white with no lipids. Our results also have important implications on the origin of the pathological "white bile," the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity1085 , as well as the kinetic analysis of compounds undergoing enterohepatic recirculation.

title: Gallbladder mucosal function: studies in absorption and secretion in XXXX and in @entity235 gallbladder epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder sludge']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is an @entity3082 and progressive health problem which is mainly a consequence of cigarette smoking, and associated with @entity55 . Anti-inflammatory property of Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) and its constituent, carvacrol was shown in various inflammatory disorders previously. Therefore, in the present study, the effects of the plant and its constituent, carvacrol, on @entity55 changes and oxidative stress, in @entity840 model of @entity1030 were evaluated. METHODS: Nine groups of animals including control, @entity1030 , @entity1030   +   drinking water containing three concentrations of extract of Z. multiflora (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6  mg/mL), @entity1030   +   drinking water containing three concentrations of carvacrol (60, 120, and 240   g/mL), and @entity1030   +   dexamethasone (50   g/mL) were studied. For inducing @entity1030 , animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for 3  months. Thiol groups, @entity24907 , total and differential WBC were measured in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (n   =   6 for each group). RESULTS: Total WBC, @entity1712 , and neutrophils counts as well as the levels of @entity24907 in BALF were significantly increased but thiol group was decreased in @entity1030 compared to the control group (p   <   0.05 to p   <   0.001). Total WBC and @entity24907 in all treated @entity1030 groups, thiol group, @entity1712 and neutrophils counts in treated groups with dexamethasone and two higher concentrations of the Z. multiflora and carvacrol were significantly improved compared to non-treated @entity1030 group (p   <   0.05 to p   <   0.001). Lymphocyte count in treated groups with dexamethasone, highest concentration of Z. multiflora, and two higher concentration of carvacrol was also significantly higher than non-treated group (p   <   0.05 to p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A preventive effect of Z. multiflora extract and its constituent carvacrol on @entity55 changes and oxidative stress in animal model of @entity1030 was suggested.

title: Lung inflammation changes and oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke exposure in XXXX affected by Zataria multiflora and its constituent, carvacrol.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophils']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: Emerging evidence suggests a @entity1141 -CIS-invasive @entity189 sequence in the pancreas. @entity788 ( @entity788 ; small, incidental duct lesions) progress to @entity420 (5-y survival of < 15%), whereas @entity4929 (large, @entity5 with @entity384 ) are often associated with @entity3079 (5-y survival of > 55%). We explored the relationship of these lesions by examining the expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 , glycoproteins reportedly reflecting "aggressive" and "indolent" phenotypes in @entity788 , respectively. Immunohistochemical labeling with @entity2355 (clone Ma695) and @entity5091 (clone Ccp58) antibodies was performed on @entity788 (n = 43), @entity4929 (n = 74), ductal @entity420 (n = 136), and @entity3079 (n = 15). Fifty-four percent of the @entity4929 expressed @entity5091 , whereas none of the @entity788 did. In contrast, @entity788 , especially higher grade lesions, were often positive for @entity2355 (61% of PanIN 3), whereas the expression of this glycoprotein was infrequent in @entity4929 (20%). This dichotomy was further accentuated in the @entity189 with which these two preinvasive pathways are respectively associated: all @entity3079 were @entity5091 + (100%) and @entity2355 - (0%), whereas the labeling pattern was the reverse for ductal @entity420 : 63% were @entity2355 + and only 1% were @entity5091 +. These results support a @entity1141 -CIS sequence in the pancreas. Because these two pathways often lead to different types of @entity189 , this is an invaluable model for the study of @entity105 . The findings here also support the previous impression that @entity5091 (the @entity3558 associated with gel formation) is a marker of the "indolent" pathway ( @entity4929 and @entity3079 ), whereas @entity2355 (the glycoprotein known to have an inhibitory role in cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions as well as in immunoresistance of @entity5 cells) is a marker of the "aggressive" pathway (PanIN to @entity420 ).

title: The dichotomy in the preinvasive XXXX to invasive @entity189 sequence in the pancreas: differential expression of @entity2355 and @entity5091 supports the existence of two separate pathways of @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PanINs', 'Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms', 'pancreas cancer']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloid carcinomas', 'colloid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraductal tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ductal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'ductal adenocarcinoma', 'invasive ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dichotomy in the dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), the natural progression to @entity3979 in @entity573 is not well defined and remains a potential cause of long-term morbidity. We present a novel study, at a US tertiary paediatric care centre, identifying risk factors for @entity850 . METHODS: We reviewed charts of all @entity1 who underwent cardiac catheterisation for coronary artery abnormalities, from 1998 to January 2014, at a tertiary paediatric care centre. Demographic and diagnostic data included time intervals to echocardiographic changes and confirmed catheterisation cases of @entity850 . Multivariate survival analysis was used to evaluate risk factors with @entity850 formation as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: 53 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria and 18 (34.6%) developed @entity850 . Only those with @entity574 ( @entity574 ) developed @entity850 , with the highest risk group overall being @entity1 under the age of 6   months (hazard ratio (HR) 2.82 3.79, p=0.004). In a subset of only cases of @entity574 (33), a majority went on to develop @entity850 (18/33). Median time to diagnosis was 190   days. In this group, @entity1 under the age of 6   months were again at highest risk (HR 2.62, p=0.04). IVIG administration, sex and ethnicity were not statistically significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective study demonstrates a relatively high incidence of @entity850 in @entity1 with @entity573 and @entity301 . Overall, a majority of cases with @entity574 progressed into @entity850 , with @entity1 under the age of 6   months being at highest risk.

title: @entity3979 risk and time course in @entity573 XXXX : experience at a US tertiary pediatric centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['giant coronary aneurysms', 'GCA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as @entity10521 have shown promising antineoplastic activity, although @entity137 from cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition and the suppression of @entity3009 synthesis limits their use for chemoprevention. Previous studies have concluded that the mechanism responsible for their antineoplastic activity may be COX independent. To selectively design out the COX inhibitory activity of @entity12985 (SS), in silico modeling studies were done that revealed the crucial role of the @entity3338 moiety for @entity9859 and @entity2247 binding. These studies prompted the synthesis of a series of SS derivatives with @entity3338 modifications that were screened for @entity5 cell growth and COX inhibitory activity. A SS @entity6346 (SSA) with a @entity57801 substitution was found to lack @entity9859 and @entity2247 inhibitory activity, yet potently inhibit the growth of @entity1 @entity694 cell lines, HT-29, SW480, and HCT116 with IC(50) values of 2 to 5 micromol/L compared with 73 to 85 micromol/L for SS. The mechanism of growth inhibition involved the suppression of DNA synthesis and apoptosis induction. Oral administration of SSA was well-tolerated in @entity19 and generated plasma levels that exceeded its in vitro IC(50) for @entity5 growth inhibition. In the @entity1 HT-29 @entity694 xenograft @entity19 model, SSA significantly inhibited @entity5 growth at a dosage of 250 mg/kg. Combined treatment of SSA with the chemotherapeutic drug, @entity2600 , caused a more sustained suppression of @entity5 growth compared with @entity2600 treatment alone. These results indicate that SSA has potential safety and efficacy advantages for @entity694 chemoprevention as well as utility for treating @entity5 if combined with chemotherapy.

title: A novel @entity10521 derivative that does not inhibit cyclooxygenases but potently inhibits XXXX cell growth and induces apoptosis with antitumor activity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Camptosar']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity12985 :: ('MESH:C025462', 'Chemical') :: ['sulindac sulfide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity57801 :: ('MESH:C047305', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylethyl amine']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility of using preoperative chemoradiotherapy to avert the need for more radical surgery for @entity1 with T3 @entity5 , or the need for pelvic exenteration for @entity1 with T4 @entity5 , not amenable to resection by standard radical vulvectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three evaluable @entity1 with clinical Stage III-IV @entity957 were enrolled in this prospective, multi-institutional trial. Treatment consisted of a planned split course of concurrent @entity900 / @entity1487 and radiation therapy followed by surgical excision of the residual primary @entity5 plus bilateral inguinal-femoral lymph node dissection. Radiation therapy was delivered to the primary @entity5 volume via anterior-posterior-posterior-anterior (AP-PA) fields in 170-cGy fractions to a dose of 4760 cGy. @entity1 with inoperable groin nodes received chemoradiation to the primary @entity5 , inguinal-femoral and lower pelvic lymph nodes. RESULTS: Seven @entity1 did not undergo a post-treatment surgical procedure: deteriorating medical condition (2 @entity1 ); other medical condition (1 @entity1 ); unresectable @entity41 (2 @entity1 ); @entity1 refusal (2 @entity1 ). Following chemoradiotherapy, 33/71 (46.5%) @entity1 had no visible @entity5 at the time of planned surgery and 38/71 (53.5%) had gross residual @entity5 at the time of operation. Five of the latter 38 @entity1 had positive resection margins and underwent: further radiation therapy to the vulva (3 @entity1 ); wide local excision and vaginectomy necessitating colostomy (1 @entity1 ); no further therapy (1 @entity1 ). Using this strategy of preoperative, split-course, twice-daily radiation combined with @entity900 plus @entity1487 chemotherapy, only 2/71 (2.8%) had residual unresectable disease. In only three @entity1 was it not possible to preserve urinary and/or gastrointestinal continence. @entity137 was acceptable, with acute cutaneous reactions to chemoradiotherapy and surgical wound complications being the most common adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy in advanced @entity957 is feasible, and may reduce the need for more radical surgery including primary pelvic exenteration.

title: Preoperative chemoradiation for advanced XXXX : a phase II study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'vulvar cancer', 'vulvar tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell vulvar carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']


abstract: @entity344 and @entity8016 are uncommon in the western world, while such infections are frequent in the African community. In addition to the problems associated with the clinical symptoms of these @entity281 , it is important to stress the increase in @entity5 of the Gastro-Intestinal (GI) tract. In this study we evaluate the prevalence of @entity5 in @entity1 affected by chronic inflammatory diseases caused by the above named parasites. In three years, from January 2000 to December 2003, we observed a total of 1199 subject. Of these, 950 presented with complaints of @entity294 , @entity391 , @entity490 , @entity476 , hematemesis, rectal discharges and alteration of bowel habits. A total of 818 @entity1 were evaluated in Uganda (Mulago and Arua hospitals) and 381 at Luisa Guidotti Hospital in Zimbabwe. An exhaustive clinical history was collected for each @entity1 and then physical and laboratory examinations were performed. The clinical files of all @entity1 previously admitted to the respective hospitals were obtained and the information taken from these files was then integrated with our clinical findings. Subjects who were found free of @entity1944 after examinations and did not have a clinical history of @entity1944 but presented with other pathologies, were regarded as control group. The control group was composed of 249 subjects. The subjects who were positive on examination underwent further investigations. The number of @entity1 affected by @entity2040 and @entity8016 were 221 and 224 respectively. The number of @entity1 who suffered from aspecific @entity1964 was 454, intestinal @entity378 was present in 21 @entity1 and we found 30 @entity1 with @entity2910 . @entity1 who had the above mentioned @entity1944 were then divided into 3 groups. First group was composed of @entity1 who had a clinical history of @entity1944 and were re-admitted for similar symptoms, and on examination were positive for the presence of the same @entity1944 . Such @entity1 were placed in the Chronic group. The second group was formed of @entity1 who had previously undergone treatment for @entity1944 but on readmission were found free of @entity1944 , and this group was described as the Cured group. They had symptoms associated with other pathologies. A third group, which we described as the Acute group was composed of @entity1 who did not have any previous case of @entity281 and were admitted for the first time. Such @entity1 were found positive on examination for @entity1944 . In the 950 @entity1 , we found a total of 45 @entity5 . The @entity5 were prevalent (42 @entity5 ) in the chronic group. In 34 @entity1 the @entity5 was in the colo-rectal region, in 3 @entity1 in the stomach, in 4 @entity1 in the esophagus and 1 @entity1 had @entity5 in the small bowel. Our results show a strong association between the chronic infection of the GI tract and the likelihood to develop @entity5 . However, it is not clear which biological mechanisms are implicated in such transformations. They may depend on the chronic inflammation of the GI mucous which permits the entrance of carcinogenic materials or on the effects of mutagenic products produced by the parasites or both.

title: Risk of @entity5 onset in sub-Saharan Africans affected with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['infective GI diseases', 'infective GI disease', 'gastro-intestinal disease', 'GI diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal Schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infections', 'GI infection']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['Amebiasis', 'amebiasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal parasitic diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity326 remains one of the leading causes of @entity204 in intensive care units. In recent years, there is general use of low to moderate doses of @entity288 in the treatment of @entity326 . However, there are wide variations in the practical modality of this treatment, mainly with regard to @entity1 ' selection, treatment's dose, timing, route of administration, duration, and weaning. This review provides opinion-based guidelines for the use of @entity288 in severe @entity295 and @entity326 . RECENT FINDINGS: A summary of the latest understanding of the mechanisms of action of @entity288 and the most recent observations in the clinical and biologic responses to @entity288 in severe @entity295 and @entity326 is presented. SUMMARY: In @entity326 , intravenous @entity701 should be started immediately after a 250 microg corticotropin test, at a dose of 200-300 mg per day. When @entity1887 is confirmed, treatment should be continued at full doses for 7 days. Otherwise, @entity701 should be stopped. It is worth considering adding enteral @entity7842 at a dose of 50 microg per day for 7 days. In severe @entity295 , despite growing evidence to support the use of a moderate dose of @entity288 , the efficacy and safety of this treatment needs to be assessed in a large-scale study.

title: Glucocorticoids in the treatment of severe @entity295 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity7842 :: ('MESH:D005438', 'Chemical') :: ['fludrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prophylactic strategy of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced @entity344 has largely been studied in arthritic @entity1 , but not in @entity5 @entity1 . The efficacy of @entity396 and @entity5616 in the prevention of @entity16 in @entity1 taking @entity3522 for their @entity5 has been compared in this study. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who needed high-dose (200 to 300 mg/d) @entity3522 for @entity1697 at baseline gastroduodenal endoscopy were randomized to receive @entity396 (200 micrograms twice daily; M group) or @entity5616 (150 mg twice daily; R group). UGI endoscopy was repeated after 4 weeks. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 treated with @entity396 and 26 treated with @entity5616 concluded the study. The M group showed a significantly (P < .02) lower incidence of @entity75 (two @entity1 ; 8.7%) than the R group (10 @entity1 ; 38.5%). @entity2275 occurred in one (4%) @entity396 -treated @entity1 and in six (23%) @entity5616 -treated @entity1 . Six of seven @entity1 with @entity1066 were asymptomatic. Seventy-one percent and 86% of @entity1066 occurred in @entity1 older than 60 years and in those who received greater than 3.1 mg/kg of @entity3522 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity396 was significantly more effective than @entity5616 in the prevention of @entity75 in @entity5 @entity1 receiving @entity3522 .

title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs for @entity5 : comparison between @entity396 and XXXX in prevention of @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain and without mucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal damage']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal (UGI) damage']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body composition changes complicate antiretroviral therapy. Improvements in @entity3388 after a switch in @entity2353 reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) have been demonstrated. We investigated 60 @entity1 switching from failed NRTIs to @entity486 -boosted indinavir and efavirenz. METHODS: Body composition (assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan and by single-slice computed tomography of the abdomen through the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra [L4] and the mid-right thigh) and fasted metabolics were measured at the baseline time-point at switch and at weeks 48 and 96 thereafter. Mitochondrial DNA and RNA were extracted from right-thigh subcutaneous fat and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at weeks 0 and 48. The primary end point was the change in mean limb fat over 48 weeks. RESULTS: At week 96, we observed increases in mean (standard deviation [SD]) limb fat (+620 [974] g; P=.003), L4 subcutaneous adipose tissue (+20 [35] cm(2); P<.001), mid-thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue (+5 [10] cm(2); P<.001), and L4 visceral adipose tissue (+11 [34] cm(2); P=.01), but we also observed reduced lean limb mass (-831 [1,100] g; P=.3). Mean (SD) mtDNA content in subcutaneous fat and in PBMCs increased (+109 [274] and +45 [100] copies/cell, respectively). Improved virological control or immune recovery did not explain the results. @entity412 , total @entity165 , estimated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , ratio of total @entity165 to high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and blood @entity413 levels deteriorated (i.e., had increased by 206%, 67%, 58%, 19%, and 6%, respectively, at week 96). CONCLUSIONS: This regimen was associated with statistically significant but clinically modest increases in peripheral fat, visceral fat, and mitochondrial nucleic acid content. A predominantly adverse metabolic profile developed.

title: Changes in body composition and mitochondrial nucleic acid content in @entity1 switched from failed @entity2353 analogue therapy to XXXX -boosted indinavir and efavirenz.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: Ovarian surface epithelial cells (OSEs), a single layer of cells that cover the surface of the ovary, undergo turnover at the site of follicular rupture at ovulation. Greater than 90% of @entity43 arise from the OSEs. The objective of this study was to determine whether OSEs have the capacity to regulate their own demise through expression of Fas antigen (Fas) and Fas ligand (FasL) and activation of Fas-mediated apoptosis. In initial experiments, primary cultures of @entity291 OSEs responded to treatment with recombinant FasL by undergoing apoptosis. The percentage of cell death was not affected by the presence or absence of serum in the media or by co-treatment with @entity12028 , a treatment shown to potentiate Fas-mediated apoptosis in a number of cell types. Subsequent experiments tested the ability of stress-inducing drugs, @entity11007 and @entity5699 , to promote apoptosis by stimulating an endogenous Fas-FasL pathway in OSEs. Treatment with FasL, @entity11007 or @entity5699 induced cell death and this was suppressed by co-treatment with a peptide inhibitor of caspases, ZVAD. Treatment with @entity11007 or @entity5699 in the presence of ZVAD increased expression of FasL mRNA and protein but did not alter expression of Fas mRNA or protein. Treatment of OSEs with a recombinant protein that blocks interaction of FasL with Fas (Fas:Fc) reduced apoptosis in response to @entity11007 and @entity5699 , indicating that drug-induced apoptosis was mediated at least partially through endogenous Fas-FasL interactions. In summary, OSEs undergo apoptosis in response to stress-inducing drugs through activation of an endogenous Fas pathway.

title: Apoptosis of XXXX ovarian surface epithelial cells by Fas antigen/Fas ligand signaling.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Many studies have highlighted the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the control of antral follicular growth. However, much less is known about the involvement of the IGF system in the regulation of preantral follicular development. In an attempt to address this lack of knowledge, the present study describes the spatial and temporal patterns of expression of mRNA encoding components of the IGF system in @entity291 follicles during preantral stages of development. mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization using frozen sections (14 microm) of @entity291 ovarian tissue. Serial sections were probed with 35S-labelled @entity291 riboprobes. Type 1 IGF receptor mRNA was detected in granulosa cells and in the oocyte of preantral follicles; however, in this study, as in previous studies, it was not possible to detect mRNA encoding either @entity21659 . IGF binding protein ( @entity21904 mRNA was present in granulosa cells and oocytes of preantral follicles, and immunoreactive @entity21904 was detected around granulosa cells during this early stage of development. Occasionally, preantral follicles were identified in which there was no expression of @entity21904 in granulosa cells or the oocyte. @entity37644 mRNA was detected in the oocyte of preantral follicles and in the surrounding stromal tissue. mRNAs encoding @entity45263 , and type 1 IGF receptor were first detected in type 2 follicles. In conclusion, although the IGF ligands are not expressed in preantral follicles, mRNAs encoding the type 1 IGF receptor, and @entity45263 were present and showed unique spatial patterns of expression within preantral follicles.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the oocyte and somatic cells of XXXX preantral follicles.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) infusion following organ transplantation is a prerequisite for potential donor-antigen-specific tolerance induction. We developed a preclinical @entity1707 model to determine the optimal dose of BM cells to achieve microchimerism. Furthermore, induction therapy was optimized by augmenting the BM infusion with biologics in the form of costimulatory blockade: cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin ( @entity41191 -Ig). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Yucatan miniature @entity1707 (n = 12) underwent total body and thymic irradiation for cytodepletion. Animal groups received 15, 30, or 60 million cells per kilogram of whole unmodified BM. The optimal dose of BM cell infusion (BMT) was then applied to subsequent experiments evaluating the addition of @entity41191 lg. Group 1 (control) received no treatment. Group 2 received @entity1140 only; group 3 received irradiation, BMT, and @entity1140 ; group 4 received @entity1140 and @entity41191 -lg. RESULTS: Microchimerism was established in all animals after BM cell infusion; at postoperative day 9, it was significantly increased for 60 million cells per kilogram (P = .0001). Transplanted animals in group 1 rejected the allograft 5 to 8 days after transplantation. Group 2 rejected the allograft (skin and muscle) 30 to 32 days after transplantation (2 days after cessation of immunosuppression). Group 3 rejected the skin portion of the allograft at 50, 52, and 53 days posttransplant. Remaining allograft components (muscle, bone, nerve, vessel) survived indefinitely. Group 4 animals demonstrated significantly prolonged muscle survival beyond 150 days posttransplant; the skin component survived past 150 days in two of three animals. Skin and muscle histology in all long-term surviving animals were normal. CONCLUSIONS: BM cell infusion with 60 million cells per kilogram results in stable levels of microchimerism. The addition of costimulatory blockade ( @entity41191 lg) prolonged allograft skin survival and overall graft survival. Such targeted immunomodulatory protocols might facilitate immune tolerance and eliminate the need for multidrug immunosuppression to maintain graft survival after vascularized composite allotransplantation.

title: Biologics and donor bone marrow cells for targeted immunomodulation in vascularized composite allotransplantation: a translational trial in XXXX .

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']