abstract: Importance: Optical coherence tomographic angiography (OCT-A) is able to visualize retinal microvasculature without the need for injection of @entity941 contrast dye. Nevertheless, it is only able to capture a limited view of macula and does not show leakage. Objectives: To evaluate the retinal microvasculature using OCT-A in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 as well as the association of OCT-A characteristics with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and systemic risk factors. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : A prospective, observational study was conducted from January 1 to June 30, 2016, at medical retina clinics at the Singapore National Eye Center among 50 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with and without @entity6 (n   =   100 eyes). We examined the retinal microvasculature with swept-source OCT-A and a semiautomated software to measure the @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ) and fractal dimension (FD) at the superficial vascular plexus (SVP) and @entity989 ( @entity989 ). We collected data on histories of @entity1 ' glycated hemoglobin A1c, @entity101 , @entity407 , smoking, and @entity8 . Main Outcomes and Measures: The @entity2478 and FD at the SVP and @entity989 for each severity level of @entity6 and the association of systemic risk factors vs the @entity2478 and FD. Results: The mean (SD) glycated hemoglobin A1c of the 50 @entity1 (26 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; 35 Chinese; mean [SD] age, 59.5 [8.9] years) was 7.9% (1.7%). The mean (SD) @entity2478 at the SVP decreased from 0.358 (0.017) in @entity1 with no @entity6 to 0.338 (0.012) in @entity1 with proliferative @entity6 (P   <   .001) and at the @entity989 decreased in @entity1 with no @entity6 from 0.361 (0.019) to 0.345 (0.020) in @entity1 with proliferative @entity6 (P   =   .04). The mean (SD) FD at the SVP increased from 1.53 (0.05) in @entity1 with no @entity6 to 1.60 (0.05) in @entity1 with proliferative @entity6 (P   <   .01) and at the @entity989 increased from 1.55 (0.06) in @entity1 with no @entity6 to 1.61 (0.05) in @entity1 with proliferative @entity6 (P   =   .02). For systemic risk factors, @entity407 (odds ratio [OR], 9.82; 95% CI, 6.92-11.23; P   <   .001), smoking (OR, 10.90; 95% CI, 8.23-12.34; P   <   .001), and @entity8 (OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.80-4.81; P   =   .05) were associated with reduced @entity2478 , while increased glycated hemoglobin A1c (>= 8%) (OR, 8.77; 95% CI, 5.23-10.81; P   <   .01) and @entity8 (OR, 10.30; 95% CI, 8.21-11.91; P   <   .001) were associated with increased FD. Conclusions and Relevance: Optical coherence tomographic angiography is a novel imaging modality to quantify the retinal capillary microvasculature in @entity1 with @entity6 . It can be potentially used in interventional trials to study the effect of systemic risk factors on the microvasculature that was previously not accessible in a noninvasive manner. The relevance of these findings relative to visual acuity, however, remains largely unknown at this time.

title: Optical Coherence Tomographic Angiography in Type 2 @entity6 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'DR', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary density index', 'CDI']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['deep retinal vascular plexus', 'DVP']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2040 , a @entity281 , elicits distinct immune responses within the host, ranging from an initial @entity630 and subsequent @entity61 phase to a regulatory state, and is associated with dampened @entity56 within the host. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether @entity281 during pregnancy alters the offspring's susceptibility to @entity566 . METHODS: Ovalbumin-induced @entity32 was analyzed in offspring from @entity380 -infected mothers mated during the @entity630 , @entity61 , or regulatory phase of infection. Embryos derived from in  vitro fertilized oocytes of acutely infected females were transferred into uninfected foster @entity19 to determine the role of placental environment. The fetomaternal unit was further characterized by helminth-specific immune responses and microarray analyses. Eventually, IFN-y-deficient @entity19 were infected to evaluate the role of this predominant cytokine on the offspring's @entity566 phenotype. RESULTS: We demonstrate that offspring from schistosome-infected mothers that were mated in the @entity630 and regulatory phases, but not the @entity61 immune phase, are protected against the onset of @entity32 . Interestingly, these effects were associated with distinctly altered schistosome-specific cytokine and gene expression profiles within the fetomaternal interface. Furthermore, we identified that it is not the transfer of helminth antigens but rather maternally derived IFN-y during the acute phase of infection that is essential for the progeny's protective immune phenotype. CONCLUSION: Overall, we present a novel immune phase-dependent coherency between the maternal immune responses during @entity2040 and the progeny's predisposition to @entity566 . Therefore, we propose to include helminth-mediated transmaternal immune modulation into the expanded hygiene hypothesis.

title: Maternal immune response to helminth infection during pregnancy determines offspring susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-transplacental helminth infection', 'chronic helminth infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis', 'Schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic airway inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The probiotic microorganisms are live normal flora that provide nutritional benefits. When probiotic administered in adequate amounts, they also confer a health benefit on the host. Different mechanisms of probiotic effects include the following: stimulating the immune system, modifying the composition of normal intestinal flora and preventing the carcinogenic activity of fecal enzymes. In this study, direct effects of probiotic lactobacilli on @entity5 cells were investigated. METHODS: Supernatants and bacterial extracts of two standard @entity6329 species ( @entity9206 and @entity6329 ) were prepared and CaCo-2 cells were treated with them. Probiotic effects on cell proliferation, @entity39 , apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed. RESULTS: The supernatants of Lactobacilli decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis, however, no significant effect on cell @entity39 was reported. In contrast, Lactobacilli extract, reduced cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. Lactobacilli extract also led to cell @entity39 . Furthermore, both supernatants and cell extracts of the probiotic agents resulted in decreased cells' migration and invasion. CONCLUSION: In this study, it was shown that Lactobacilli probiotics useful effects are not confined to the enhancement of the immune system; however, they effectively suppress the malignant phenotypes of @entity14 cells.

title: Effects of Probiotic @entity9206 and @entity6329 XXXX on @entity14 Cells Activity (CaCo-2).

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6329 :: ('1582', 'Species') :: ['L. casei', 'Lactobacillus']

entities_list: @entity9206 :: ('1579', 'Species') :: ['L. acidophilus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity6329 :: (1582,Species) :: ['casei']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 45 Background: Little data exist regarding uptake of surgical prophylaxis in the underserved clinical setting. This study describes acceptance of surgical prophylaxis amongst @entity5345 mutation carriers in a primarily Hispanic (60%) and Asian (15%) medically underserved population. METHODS: An IRB-approved retrospective chart review of deleterious or suspected deleterious @entity5345 mutations carriers extracted clinicopathologic data, surgical history, and family @entity5 history. @entity1 younger than the recommended age of prophylaxis, undergoing active therapy, or with @entity5 were excluded. RESULTS: Forty-six carriers of known or suspected deleterious @entity5345 mutations expressed decisions regarding prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and/or mastectomy. Thirty nine @entity1 identified themselves as Hispanic, 32 from Mexico. Three @entity1 were Asian, 2 African American and 1 Middle Eastern. Forty-two @entity1 were previously affected by @entity5 , with a mean age at first @entity5 diagnosis of 42. Four @entity1 were unaffected. Thirty-two @entity1 with a previous @entity5 diagnosis accepted prophylaxis: 11 RRM plus RRSO, 10 RRSO only, 11 RRM only. Three unaffected @entity1 underwent RRSO only. None of the unaffected @entity1 chose RRM only. Presence of an affected family member younger than 35 at time of @entity5 diagnosis correlated with uptake of prophylactic surgery (18 accepted vs. 1 declined; p=0.01). There was a trend towards acceptance of prophylaxis among @entity1 with earlier TNM stage that did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: More than 50% of eligible @entity5345 mutation carriers in this medically underserved population underwent RRM, RRSO, or both. Young family members affected with @entity5 positively influenced acceptance of surgical prophylaxis. [Table: see text].

title: Uptake of surgical prophylaxis in underserved, ethnic minority XXXX mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High-sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs- @entity16894 ) is a critical biomarker in diagnosis of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). However, CKD individuals usually have elevated hs- @entity16894 even in the absence of @entity583 . Our study aimed to explore the optimal cutoff-value of hs- @entity16894 and further to improve diagnostic accuracy of @entity583 in CKD @entity1 . Clinical data of 489 @entity1 were collected from the maintained database between September 2010 and June 2014. CKD @entity1 with @entity583 were assigned to CKD+ @entity583 group and CKD @entity1 without @entity583 were assigned to CKD group. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to derive the optimal cutoff-value. In CKD+STEMI and CKD group, hs- @entity16894 was increased with descending @entity470 . In CKD+NSTEMI group, hs- @entity16894 showed an upward trend with increasing SYNTAX Score. In @entity1 with CKD+STEMI, hs- @entity16894 was significantly correlated with SYNTAX Score in CKD stage 2, stage 4 and in total. In CKD @entity1 , the optimal cutoff-value of hs- @entity16894 for diagnosis of @entity583 was 129.45 ng/l with 75.2% sensitivity and 83.2% specificity. The cutoff-value appeared to be hs- @entity16894 level of 99.55ng/l in CKD stage 3, 129.45   ng/l in CKD stage 4, 105.50   ng/l in CKD stage 5 and 149.35   ng/l in dialysis @entity1 , respectively. In different stages of CKD, @entity470 -range-specific optimal cutoff-values should be considered.

title: Improving the diagnostic accuracy of XXXX with the use of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T in different chronic kidney disease stages.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship of maternal antenatal @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) with neonatal cranial ultrasound abnormalities and @entity306 ( @entity306 ). STUDY DESIGN: In a randomized trial of @entity2400 or placebo in @entity1 at high risk of @entity3152 , up to 3 cranial ultrasounds were obtained in the neonatal period. Images were reviewed by at least 2 pediatric radiologists masked to treatment and other clinical conditions. Diagnoses were predefined for @entity548 , @entity5719 , intracerebral echolucency or echodensity, and @entity1276 . @entity306 was diagnosed at 2  years of age by standardized neurologic examination. RESULTS: @entity548 , @entity5719 , intracerebral echolucency or echodensity, and @entity1276 were all strongly associated with an increased risk of @entity306 . @entity2400 administration did not affect the risk of cranial ultrasound abnormality observed at 35  weeks postmenstrual age or later. However, for the 82% of @entity1 born at <32  weeks gestation, @entity2400 was associated with a reduction in risk of echolucency or echodensity. The reduction in risk for echolucency explained 21% of the effect of @entity2400 on @entity306 (P  =  .04), and for echodensity explained 20% of the effect (P  =  .02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2400 given prior to @entity3152 was associated with decreased risk of developing echodensities and echolucencies at <32  weeks gestation. However, this effect can only partially explain the effect of @entity2400 on @entity306 at 2  years of age. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00014989.

title: Antenatal Magnesium and XXXX in Preterm @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'Intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) continuously migrate from the intestine to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and maintain tolerance by driving the development of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the gut. The relative expression of Treg and Th17 cells determine the balance between tolerance and immunity in the gut. We hypothesized that @entity130 / @entity548 (T/ @entity8682 ) would decrease the CD103(+) DC population in the mesenteric lymph and alter the Treg/Th17 ratio in the MLN. We further hypothesized that stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) would promote tolerance to @entity32 by increasing the Treg/Th17 ratio in the MLN after injury. Male @entity35 were assigned to sham shock (SS), @entity130 /sham shock (T/SS) or T/ @entity8682 . T/ @entity8682 was induced by laparotomy and 60 minutes of @entity8682 (blood pressure 35 mmHg) followed by fluid resuscitation. A separate cohort of animals underwent cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) after the @entity8682 phase. MLN samples were collected 24 hours after resuscitation. The CD103(+) DC population and Treg/Th17 cell ratio in the MLN was decreased after T/ @entity8682 compared with SS and T/SS suggesting a shift to an inflammatory response. VNS prevented the T/ @entity8682 -induced decrease of CD103(+) DC population and increased the Treg/Th17 ratio compared to T/ @entity8682 alone. VNS alters the gut inflammatory response to injury by modulating the balance between Treg and Th17 cells in the MLN. The VNS promotes tolerance to @entity32 in the gut further supporting its ability to modulate the inflammatory set point and alter the response to injury.

title: The neuro-enteric axis modulates the balance of regulatory T cells and T-helper 17 cells in the mesenteric lymph node following @entity130 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has produced guidelines (CG43) on preventing and managing overweight and @entity28 , which apply to the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) as an employer. AIMS: To record in an @entity283 trust baseline assessment and management of @entity28 by its occupational health ( @entity2145 ) service staff, with reference to the standards in CG43, enabling deficiencies to be identified and improvements to be recommended as a benchmark for future measurement. METHODS: Criteria relevant to @entity2145 in CG43 were identified and data were collected from trust policies, interviews with managers, questionnaires to @entity2145 staff, examination of @entity2145 resources and case notes of staff attending @entity2145 . Results were checked for compliance with CG43 standards. RESULTS: Although the trust met NICE standards as an employer, significant lack of compliance was found in its @entity2145 service. Only 53% of staff attending medical examinations had weight recorded, @entity2145 resources were inadequate and 75% of its staff had received no training. Problems identified included lack of written guidance, time and care pathways. The resulting action plan included a consultant-led working party liaising with the trust's health and well-being committee, training, enhanced @entity2145 resources, an @entity28 protocol, a database and weight management clinics. CONCLUSIONS: We found not only a lack of @entity2145 policy guidance but apparent inertia in dealing with @entity28 . The action plan demonstrated how @entity2145 clinical practice can draw upon CG43 to combat @entity28 in an @entity283 workforce.

title: Implementing NICE XXXX guidance for staff: an @entity283 trust audit.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['NHS', 'National Health Service']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: R24 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the disialoganglioside @entity20577 expressed on the surface of @entity320 cells. Once bound, it can mediate destruction of these cells through both complement-mediated lysis and antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 . Agents such as @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), which can augment effector cell function and promote destruction of antibody-coated @entity5 cells, might produce improved antitumor responses when combined with R24. In this series, we evaluated the combination of R24 and @entity1199 in a Phase 1b study in @entity1 with @entity320 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity320 were entered into the protocol at two institutions. @entity1 received 8 weeks of @entity1199 by continuous i.v. infusion at a dose (4.5 x 10(5) Amgen units/m2/day) designed to selectively expand natural killer (NK) cells. In weeks 5 and 6, @entity1 received R24 for a total of four doses. Twenty-four h after each R24 infusion, @entity1 received a 2-h bolus dose of @entity1199 to help promote activity of NK effectors against antibody-coated @entity320 targets. Additional @entity1199 boluses were administered in weeks 7 and 8. Doses were escalated through two bolus doses of R24 (5 or 15 mg/m2) and two bolus doses of @entity1199 (2.5 or 5.0 x 10(5) units/m2). Although one @entity1 experienced severe @entity2478 during @entity1199 , therapy was otherwise well tolerated. At the higher dose level of R24, two of four @entity1 experienced transient but severe abdominal and chest discomfort, necessitating dose reduction. One @entity1 with @entity320 and liver @entity3 had a partial response. Two additional @entity1 had minor responses. A dramatic increase in NK cell number was noted as a result of treatment, as was augmentation of cytolytic activity against cultured NK-sensitive targets. Antibody-dependent cellular @entity137 against cultured @entity320 cells in the presence of exogenous R24 or in the presence of serum obtained from @entity1 following R24 infusion also increased during treatment. Our experience indicates that R24 and low-dose @entity1199 can be safely combined in @entity1 with @entity320 and that this combination can promote destruction of cultured @entity320 cells. The clinical activity of this combination against @entity320 may merit further investigation.

title: Administration of R24 monoclonal antibody and low-dose XXXX for @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary leak syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'malignant melanoma', 'ocular melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: @entity2737 is a frequent complication and is related to various parameters: type of surgery, @entity1 's age, nutritional status, associated diseases, length of surgery and hospital stay, use of prosthesis and drainage and finally surgeon's ability. The frequency of wound @entity281 is reported between 1.5%-5.1% after "clean surgery" and the greatest source of microbial contamination is due to GRAM positive cocci either aerobic or anaerobic. The Authors present their experience of ultra short-term prophylaxis with @entity11248 in 375 @entity1 undergoing major ambulatory surgery. Median age was 49 years (15-87 ys); @entity1 over 65 years were 22%. Hernias of the abdominal wall and varicose veins represent the diseases most commonly operated on. In 30% of the cases the @entity1 selected for major ambulatory surgery were in II and III classes according to the standards of the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (A.S.A.). The ultra short-term prophylaxis with @entity11248 was administered as follows: 400 mg, i.v., thirty minutes pre-operatively. The operations were performed under local or loco-regional anaesthesia. The choice of @entity11248 was based on the strong bactericidal activity on GRAM positive cocci, including the @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 @entity281 , and on the long activity of the drug. The results were considered according to the American College of Surgeons scheme: no wound @entity281 was observed and excellent local and general drug's tolerance were noticed. Ultra short-term prophylaxis in ambulatory surgery was chosen for the following reasons: large use of prosthesis, major risk of @entity295 in older @entity1 and at last for a badly accepted infective complications in outpatient surgery.

title: [ XXXX in the prevention of wound @entity281 in major ambulatory surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity11248 :: ('MESH:D017334', 'Chemical') :: ['Teicoplanin']

answer: @entity11248 :: (MESH:D017334,Chemical) :: ['Teicoplanin']


abstract: @entity302 in @entity1313 @entity1 is often refractory to pharmacological treatments and can complicate the therapeutic management of these @entity1 . We conducted a prospective, observational study. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity1771 ( @entity22717 ) in @entity1313 associated @entity302 . We studied 47 @entity1 with @entity1313 and @entity302 . The entire group was administered AEDs. TPM was the first therapeutic choice in 14 @entity1 , while in the remaining 33 @entity1 previous AEDs were modified and TPM was introduced due to side effects or inefficacy of the first drug. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 48 months (mean 16.5 months). Considering the final follow-up of each @entity1 who assumed TPM for at least 3 months, we observed 45 @entity1 : 25 were @entity410 free (55.6%), 9 had a reduction of @entity410 frequency (SF) higher than 50% (20%) and 11 were stable (24.4%). TPM responder rate was 75.6%. Three @entity1 (6.4%) discontinued TPM for severe side effects (1 after 4 months and 2 after 1 month) and 4 (8.5%) had mild and reversible side effects. In the group of @entity1 who had been in therapy with other AEDs prior to entering the study (n = 33), 19 @entity1 had side effects (57.6%). During follow-up, the haematological parameters were in the normative ranges. Tumor-related @entity410 are difficult to control with AEDs; the precise reasons for this difficulty are not yet clear. Using TPM, we obtained good @entity410 control with a low incidence of side effects.

title: Outcome and tolerability of @entity1771 in @entity1313 associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 and @entity900 (EP) regimen on the @entity1 with high-risk, chemorefractory and recurrent @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity1 with @entity3567 were analyzed retrospectively, 25 of 39 @entity1 were of high-risk, 9 @entity1 were chemorefractory and 5 @entity1 were recurrent. All 39 @entity1 were administrated with EP regimen, and 10 @entity1 were assisted with surgery. All the @entity1 were followed up. Clinical response, @entity137 , the occurrence of @entity5 of all @entity1 , and the fertility of 30 @entity1 whose fertility function was preserved were investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1469 @entity1 underwent a total of 221 cycles of the EP regimen. The average number of courses for each @entity1 was 5.7. The total complete remission rate of the regimen was 74% (29/39). Twenty-five @entity1 with high-risk @entity1469 received a total of 139 cycles and the average number of courses was 5.6. Nineteen @entity1 achieved complete remission and 6 @entity1 showed drug-resistant. The complete remission rate of the high-risk group was 76% (19/25). Nine @entity1 with chemorefractory @entity1469 obtained a total of 55 cycles and the average number of courses was 6.1. Six @entity1 achieved complete remission and 3 @entity1 showed drug-resistant again. The complete remission rate of the chemorefractory group was 6/9. Five @entity1 with recurrent @entity1469 received 27 cycles and the average number of courses was 5.4. Four @entity1 achieved complete remission, 1 @entity1 showed drug-resistance and died. @entity236 , @entity344 and alopecia were the main side effects of the EP regimen, but the @entity236 was slight and no grade IV side effect occurred. No fatal effect was found. Eight of 30 @entity1 whose fertility fuction was preserved had become pregnant after recovery, with a total of 8 pregnancies. Among them, 2 were terminated by induced abortion, and 6 underwent normal term delivery and gained 6 @entity1 who had no @entity600 . All the 6 @entity1 had normal growth and development after childbirth. None of the @entity1 developed @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The EP regimen is effective and safe for the treatment of high-risk, chemorefractory and recurrent @entity1469 .

title: [Combination chemotherapy with XXXX and @entity900 for high-risk, chemorefractory and recurrent @entity1469 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['secondary tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal reaction']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic tumors']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity', 'Bone marrow toxicity']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this feasibility study, early results are presented of our first series of @entity1 with microwave ablation for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) on the beating heart. METHODS: From June 2001 until December 2001, a total of 24 @entity1 underwent beating-heart epicardial ablation for @entity955 . With a microwave antenna, the left and right pulmonary veins were isolated and connected to each other followed by amputation of the left atrial appendage. Subsequently, @entity1 underwent either off-pump coronary artery bypass graft or valve surgery on pump. The mean age of the @entity1 was 67.4 +/- 6 years. Three @entity1 experienced paroxysmal @entity955 and all others chronic @entity955 . Mean left atrial diameter was 5.4 +/- 0.6 cm, and mean ablation time was 13 min. RESULTS: All procedures but one were completed successfully on the beating heart. All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm after the procedure. A total of 15 @entity1 experienced periods with postoperative @entity955 during hospital stay; 9 of these @entity1 were discharged with @entity955 . All @entity1 received either @entity2778 or @entity2643 . At latest follow-up (3 to 9 months), 20 of 23 @entity1 were in sinus rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: With microwave ablation, electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins can be achieved epicardially without cardiopulmonary bypass support.

title: Beating-heart surgical treatment of XXXX with microwave ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Purpose: Increased expression of @entity6474 in @entity725 ( @entity725 ) @entity7462 ( @entity7462 ) and trabecular meshwork (TM) causes deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TM and elevated IOP. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate @entity6474 -induced ECM production. The underlying mechanism for @entity13062 inhibition of @entity6474 -induced @entity82 remains undetermined. Bone morphogenic protein 4 induces inhibitor of DNA binding proteins ( @entity13863 , @entity22236 ), which suppress transcription factor activities to regulate gene expression. Our study will determine whether @entity13863 and @entity22236 proteins are downstream targets of @entity13062 , which attenuates @entity6474 induction of ECM proteins in TM cells. Methods: Primary @entity1 TM cells were treated with @entity13062 , and @entity13863 and @entity22236 mRNA, and protein expression was determined by quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and Western immunoblotting. Intracellular @entity13863 and @entity22236 protein localization was studied by immunocytochemistry. Transformed @entity1 TM cells (GTM3 cells) were transfected with @entity13863 or @entity22236 expression vectors to determine their potential inhibitory effects on @entity6474 -induced @entity8946 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-I ( @entity2289 ) protein expression. Results: Basal expression of @entity62950 was detected in primary @entity1 TM cells. Bone morphogenic protein 4 significantly induced early expression of @entity13863 and @entity22236 mRNA (P < 0.05) and protein in primary TM cells, and a BMP receptor inhibitor blocked this induction. Overexpression of @entity13863 and @entity22236 significantly inhibited @entity6474 -induced expression of @entity8946 and @entity2289 in TM cells (P < 0.01). Conclusions: Bone morphogenic protein 4 induced @entity13863 and @entity22236 expression suppresses @entity6474 profibrotic activity in @entity1 TM cells. In the future, targeting specific regulators may control the @entity6474 profibrotic effects on the TM, leading to disease modifying IOP lowering therapies.

title: Role of ID Proteins in XXXX Inhibition of Profibrotic Effects of @entity6474 in @entity1 TM Cells.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor', 'AH']

answer: @entity13062 :: (652,Gene) :: ['BMP4']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1778 (median age 34 years) received histocompatible sibling marrow that had been depleted of T cells by ex vivo incubation with anti- @entity5893 monoclonal antibody-ricin immunotoxin ( @entity67706 ) for the purpose of @entity2132 prophylaxis. Donor cell engraftment was documented in 28/29 @entity1 by DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms. In this pilot study the dose of T101-R incubated with donor marrow was increased in a stepwise manner from 300 ng (10 @entity1 ) to 600 ng (5 @entity1 ) to 1000 ng immunotoxin (IT)/10(7) bone marrow mononuclear cells (14 @entity1 ) in an attempt to achieve more effective GvHD prophylaxis. A statistically significant reduction in acute GvHD was achieved for @entity1 receiving marrow pretreated with 1000 ng of immunotoxin (34%) compared to recipients of BM treated with 300 ng immunotoxin (100%, P = 0.0004). T-depleted marrow samples were evaluated for residual T cell activity using several in vitro assays including proliferation to the purified mitogen PHA (HA-17) and in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), T cell @entity137 , a limiting dilution assay for detecting precursors of proliferating T cells (LDApPTL), and phenotypic analysis of viable T cells expanded in 16-day culture with @entity1199 . The extent of T cell depletion determined by LDA assay varied widely at each immunotoxin concentration used. Thus, there was no correlation between the dose of T cells infused and subsequent GvHD. Phenotyping of lymphocytes recovered from immunotoxin-treated marrow demonstrated that residual T cells were @entity5893 negative in all cases tested. The only in vitro parameter that predicted subsequent acute or chronic GvHD was the demonstration of viable @entity5893 negative lymphocytes with T cell phenotype ( @entity3138 , CD3, and/or @entity4587 positive) after 16-day culture with @entity1199 of the T-depleted bone marrow. We observed that such @entity5893 negative cells expressing other T cell markers have cytotoxic function and speculate that these cells may be capable of mediating GvHD in allogeneic transplantation.

title: T cell depletion with anti- @entity5893 immunotoxin in histocompatible bone marrow transplantation. The correlation between residual @entity5893 negative T cells and subsequent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['advanced leukemias']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity2132 :: (MESH:D006086,Disease) :: ['graft-versus-host disease']


abstract: A @entity5746 outbreak linked to consumption of hummus made from contaminated tahini imported from @entity233 occurred in New Zealand in November 2012. This article summarizes the outbreak detection, investigation, and control. The New Zealand Enteric Reference Laboratory alerted public health units regarding a cluster of 11 @entity1 with Salmonella Montevideo infection identified from different regions of the North Island of New Zealand. A multiagency outbreak investigation commenced to determine the source of illness and prevent further transmission. @entity5746 is a notifiable disease in New Zealand. Outbreak cases were identified through routine @entity5746 notifications, and interviewed using a standardized questionnaire to identify common exposures. Clinical and food isolates were initially characterized by serotyping and then further typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE profiles were sent to PulseNet and international alerts were posted. The scope of the investigation widened to include @entity1 with either @entity5746 following detection of these serotypes in tahini epidemiologically linked to laboratory-confirmed cases. All three of the tahini-associated serotypes were detected in @entity1 who had consumed tahini, and these were found to have PFGE profiles indistinguishable from the tahini isolates. Twenty-seven @entity5746 cases infected with at least one of the three tahini-associated Salmonella serotypes were detected between September 1 and December 31, 2012; of these, 16 (59%) cases (12 with Salmonella Montevideo, 3 with Salmonella Mbandaka, and 1 with @entity5746 ) had PFGE patterns indistinguishable from the outbreak profile. The investigation led to a trade withdrawal and consumer recall for tahini @entity5420 paste from the consignment and products containing this tahini. The outbreak ceased following the recall. The importer of the implicated tahini was reminded of his duties as a food importer, including ensuring appropriate product testing. Changes to New Zealand legislation strengthened food safety responsibilities of food importers.

title: An outbreak of multiple serotypes of salmonella in New Zealand linked to consumption of contaminated tahini imported from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonellosis', 'widespread salmonellosis', 'salmonellosis', 'Salmonella Maastricht and Salmonella Mbandaka infection', 'Salmonella Maastricht infection']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effective and safe glycemic control in critically ill @entity1 requires accurate @entity413 sensors and adequate insulin dosage calculators. The LOGIC-Insulin calculator for glycemic control has recently been validated in the LOGIC-1 randomized controlled trial. In this study, we aimed to determine the allowable error for intermittent and continuous @entity413 sensors, on the basis of the LOGIC-Insulin calculator. METHODS: A gaussian simulation model with a varying bias (0%-20%) and CV (-20% to +20%) simulated blood @entity413 values from the LOGIC-1 study (n = 149 @entity1 ) in 10 Monte Carlo steps. A clinical error grid system was developed to compare the simulated LOGIC-Insulin-directed intervention with the nominal intervention (0% bias, 0% CV). The severity of error measuring the clinical effect of the simulated LOGIC-Insulin intervention was graded as type B, C, and D errors. Type D errors were classified as acutely life-threatening (0% probability preferred). RESULTS: The probability of all types of errors was lower for continuous sensors compared with intermittent sensors. The maximum @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ), defined as the first @entity2246 introducing a type B/C/D error, was similar for both sensor types. To avoid type D errors, TEs <15.7% for intermittent sensors and <17.8% for continuous sensors were required. Mean absolute relative difference thresholds for type C errors were 7.1% for intermittent and 11.0% for continuous sensors. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous sensors had a lower probability for clinical errors than intermittent sensors at the same accuracy level. These simulations demonstrated the suitability of the LOGIC-Insulin control system for use with continuous, as well as intermittent, sensors.

title: Modeling of Effect of XXXX Sensor Errors on Insulin Dosage and @entity413 Bolus Computed by LOGIC-Insulin.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['TE', 'total error']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: @entity1163 is the sudden onset of a sense of impending @entity909 without @entity1662 (which differentiates it from @entity1163 ). Our goals are to determine the frequency of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1163 , management, 30-day outcomes, and emergency physicians' outcome prediction. METHODS: Our prospective study at 2 academic @entity26144 included adults with @entity1163 and excluded @entity1 with @entity1163 , mental status changes, @entity410 , and significant @entity130 . We collected @entity1 characteristics, @entity341 management, cause (vasovagal, orthostatic, cardiac, or unknown) at the end of the @entity341 visit, and 30-day outcomes. Serious outcomes included @entity204 , @entity943 , @entity583 , structural @entity299 , @entity1151 , and @entity548 . We also collected physicians' confidence in assigning the cause and their prediction probability for 30-day serious outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1163 constituted 0.5% of @entity341 visits. We enrolled 881 @entity1 : mean age 55.5 years, 55.9% @entity1 , and 4.7% hospitalized. Among 780 @entity1 with 30-day follow-up, 40 (5.1%) experienced serious outcomes: @entity204 0.3%, cardiovascular 3.1%, and noncardiac 1.8%. Of the 840 @entity1 discharged home, 740 had follow-up data and 14 @entity1 (1.9%) experienced serious outcomes after @entity341 disposition. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for physician prediction probability was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.38 to 0.78). The incidence of serious outcomes was similar, whereas physician diagnostic confidence and prediction probability varied among the 4 causal groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1163 can be caused by serious underlying conditions. Emergency physicians had difficulty predicting @entity1 at risk for serious outcomes after @entity341 discharge. Future studies are needed to identify risk factors for serious outcomes after @entity341 disposition.

title: Outcomes in XXXX @entity1 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncope', 'Presyncope', 'presyncope visits', 'presyncope']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['losing consciousness']

answer: @entity1163 :: (MESH:D013575,Disease) :: ['Presyncope']


abstract: Environmental @entity286 smoke (ETS) is a pervasive contaminant in the workplace. Our objective was to determine the oxidative stress effects of ETS on employees who are exposed. The results provide information that is useful to the resolution of risk assessment questions associated with ETS. We analyzed two blood draws from volunteers in our control and exposed groups. The level of exposure to ETS was determined through plasma @entity4874 measurements, which showed a 65% increase from the control group to the exposed group. Exposure to ETS resulted in a statistically significant increase of 63% of the oxidative DNA mutagen @entity7599 in the blood of exposed subjects. This oxidative DNA damage has been linked to an increased risk of developing @entity102 , including @entity301 and @entity5 . The exposed subjects also had increased levels of @entity224 dismutase, catalase, @entity2041 peroxidase (GPOX), and @entity2041 reductase. However, these increases were only statistically significant in catalase and GPOX. Catalase levels were 13% higher in the exposed group, and GPOX levels were 37% higher in exposed volunteers. The biochemical evidence suggests that exposure to ETS causes oxidative stress, resulting in DNA damage that may increase the risk of certain diseases.

title: Environmental @entity286 smoke in the workplace induces oxidative stress in employees, including increased production of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['several degenerative chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity7599 :: (MESH:C040791,Chemical) :: ['8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine']


abstract: In a previous report we demonstrated that @entity540 ( @entity540 ), as a multipotent neurotrophic factor, could prevent @entity528 after ablation of the somatosensory cortex. To elucidate the mechanism of this @entity540 action, we examined changes in @entity7991 ( @entity7991 ) mRNA (flg) expression with in situ hybridization. The @entity7991 protein was detected with the immunoblotting method. The @entity7991 mRNA expression was found to be diffusely increased in the affected cortex. Microscopic observation indicated that @entity7991 mRNA was expressed in several types of cortical cells including neurons and non-neuronal cells. This increase could be observed as early as 6 hours after surgery and lasted for 48 hours. In the thalamus, however no change in @entity7991 mRNA signals was observed. Western blotting detected a protein immunoreactive to anti- @entity7991 antibody. Samples from the periablated cortex showed an increase in @entity7991 protein. Samples from the thalamus, however, showed no difference in @entity7991 protein level between the lesion side and the contralateral side. Application of exogenous @entity540 in Gelfoam to the cortical ablation cavity did not show any effect on the gene expression or protein level of @entity7991 . These results suggest that @entity7991 is diffusely induced throughout the injured cortex in the early phase after injury and that @entity540 may play an important role after injury. Topically applied @entity540 might thus modulate cellular responses in the cortex and have a neurotrophic effect on the affected thalamic neurons.

title: Messenger RNA and protein expression of XXXX receptor after cortical ablation.

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['retrograde degeneration of the thalamic neurons']

answer: @entity540 :: (2247,Gene) :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor']


abstract: The i.v. bolus administration of 1 alpha hydroxylated @entity560 derivatives is effective in the treatment of @entity2742 . However, few of the published studies of this mode of treatment have been adequately controlled, and recent reports have suggested that p.o. bolus administration may be just as effective. In this study, 16 hemodialysis @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity2742 were assigned, after a 4-wk run-in period, to receive a 6-wk course of either thrice-weekly i.v. or p.o. @entity15199 (initial dose, 4 micrograms). Then, after a further control period, they received a second 6-wk course, with either p.o. or i.v. @entity15199 (whichever was not given in the first treatment period). Plasma @entity461 ( @entity461 ) was measured weekly by the use of an intact hormone assay. Both routes of therapy resulted in a significant suppression of plasma @entity461 (P = 0.005) and an elevation in plasma ionized @entity460 (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the responses was similar for the two treatment phases, as was the relationship between the increment in @entity460 and the decrement in @entity461 . The most complete suppression of @entity461 was seen in those with the greatest increment in plasma @entity460 . The incidence of @entity2741 and the mean dose reductions necessary were also similar in the two treatment phases. Oral bolus therapy and i.v. bolus therapy with @entity15199 are equally effective in suppressing @entity2742 . The postulated advantages of i.v. over p.o. therapy with 1 alpha hydroxylated @entity560 derivatives remain to be confirmed by controlled studies.

title: A comparison of oral and intravenous @entity15199 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism', 'uremic hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['uremic hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that L-type voltage-sensitive @entity141 channel blocking agents increased and the L-type @entity141 channel activator @entity9898 reduced the general anaesthetic potency in animals. As the bispectral index correlates with the depth of sedation, we examined whether L-type @entity141 channel blocking agents affect the bispectral index. METHODS: Thirty @entity101 @entity1 (systolic arterial pressure >160 mmHg) presenting for total intravenous anaesthesia with @entity1875 , @entity3575 and @entity3652 were recruited. Bispectral index monitoring was commenced directly the @entity1 arrived in the operating theatre. All @entity1 were given either @entity3360 or @entity3988 intravenously at the discretion of the anaesthesiologist in charge. RESULTS: Twenty-three and seven @entity1 received @entity3360 or @entity3988 , respectively. The bispectral index level (mean (95% confidence interval)) did not change with either drug. In the @entity3360 group, the bispectral index at 0, 5, 10 and 15 min was 55 (52-58), 55 (51-59), 55 (52-59) and 56 (53-59), respectively. In the @entity3988 group, values were 59 (48-71), 60 (51-70), 61 (52-71) and 61 (50-72), respectively. Both L-type @entity141 channel blocking agents significantly decreased arterial pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical doses of @entity3360 and @entity3988 do not alter the bispectral index during general anaesthesia.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity3988 on the bispectral index and 95% spectral edge frequency.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Naevoid @entity320 (NeM), a rare variant of @entity320 , can be difficult to detect as its clinical and histopathological morphology can simulate a naevus. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical and dermoscopic features associated with NeM. METHODS: Lesions with a histopathological diagnosis of NeM were collected via an e-mail request sent to all members of the International Dermoscopy Society. All lesions were histopathologically reviewed and only lesions fulfilling a set of predefined histopathological criteria were included in the study and analysed for their clinical and dermoscopic features. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 58 cases (47%) fulfilled the predefined histopathological criteria for NeM and were included in the study. Clinically, 16 of the 27 NeMs presented as a nodular lesion (59%), eight (30%) as plaque type and three (11%) as papular. Analysis of the global dermoscopic pattern identified three types of NeM. The first were @entity5 (n  =  13, 48%), typified by a papillomatous surface resembling a dermal naevus. In these lesions local dermoscopic features included irregular dots/globules (46%), @entity46117 (38%) and @entity1504 (46%). The second type were @entity5 (n  =  8, 30%), typified by an atypical vascular pattern (75%). The third type consisted of @entity5 displaying a multicomponent pattern (n  =  4, 15%), characterized by classical local @entity320 -specific criteria. Two lesions (7%) were classified as mixed-pattern @entity5 as they did not manifest any of the aforementioned patterns. CONCLUSIONS: While NeMs may be clinically difficult to differentiate from naevi, any @entity75 displaying dermoscopically atypical vessels and/or irregular dots/globules should prompt consideration for the possible diagnosis of NeM.

title: Morphological features of XXXX : results of a multicentre study of the International Dermoscopy Society.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['amelanotic tumours', 'tumours', 'naevus-like tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['atypical vascular structures']

entities_list: @entity46117 :: ('MESH:C562823', 'Disease') :: ['multiple milia-like cysts']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['naevoid melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Process evaluation is important for improving theories of behavior change and behavioral intervention methods. The present study reports on the process outcomes of a pilot test of the theoretical model (the Process Model for Lifestyle Behavior Change; PMLBC) underpinning an evidence-informed, theory-driven, group-based intervention designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity for @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk. METHODS: 108 @entity1 at high risk of @entity6 or @entity299 were randomized to a group-based weight management intervention targeting diet and physical activity plus usual care, or to usual care. The intervention comprised nine group based sessions designed to promote motivation, social support, self-regulation and understanding of the behavior change process. Weight loss, diet, physical activity and theoretically defined mediators of change were measured pre-intervention, and after four and 12  months. RESULTS: The intervention resulted in significant improvements in fiber intake (M between-group difference   =   5.7  g/day, p   <   .001) but not fat consumption (-2.3  g/day, p   =   0.13), that were predictive of @entity353 at both four months (M between-group difference   =   -1.98  kg, p   <   .01; R(2)   =   0.2, p   <   0.005), and 12  months (M difference   =   -1.85  kg, p   =   0.1; R(2)   =   0.1, p   <   0.01). The intervention was successful in improving the majority of specified mediators of behavior change, and the predicted mechanisms of change specified in the PMBLC were largely supported. Improvements in self-efficacy and understanding of the behavior change process were associated with engagement in coping planning and self-monitoring activities, and successful dietary change at four and 12  months. While @entity1 reported improvements in motivational and social support variables, there was no effect of these, or of the intervention overall, on physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: The data broadly support the theoretical model for supporting some dietary changes, but not for physical activity. Systematic intervention design allowed us to identify where improvements to the intervention may be implemented to promote change in all proposed mediators. More work is needed to explore effective mechanisms within interventions to promote physical activity behavior.

title: Processes of behavior change and XXXX in a theory-based @entity353 intervention program: a test of the process model for lifestyle behavior change.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Royal College of Physicians and National Institute of Clinical Excellence have recommended that magnetic resonance imaging should be the modality of choice for cerebral imaging in transient @entity63 attack @entity1 . However, implementation of this is often difficult. Therefore, it is important to know whether magnetic resonance imaging contributes significantly to early clinical management in transient @entity63 attack @entity1 . DESIGN: A retrospective case-notes review of 65 consecutive @entity1 seen by one neurology trainee (with consultant review), in a neurovascular service where computed tomography has been the primary cerebral imaging modality. SETTING: Outpatient @entity4905 /Neurovascular clinic at Imperial College hospital. @entity1 : 65 consecutive @entity1 seen by one neurology trainee (with consultant review). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We recorded the preliminary clinical diagnosis, details of investigations performed and whether or not @entity1 had a magnetic resonance imaging brain scan subsequently, the number followed up in clinic and the final diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 65 cases seen, 55% were classified initially as transient @entity63 attack/ @entity64 mimics. Of the 29 cases (45%) that were classified as transient @entity63 attack, all had computed tomography scans, 12 had magnetic resonance imaging scans subsequently and 14 were followed up several weeks later. Of the 36 cases classified as @entity64 mimics, 27 had computed tomography scans immediately and 31 had carotid Dopplers, six subsequently had magnetic resonance imaging scans and 14 were followed up in clinic. Only two @entity1 had their diagnosis revised on the basis of the magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that magnetic resonance imaging brain changes the diagnosis in a relatively small percentage of cases. A good history and examination remain paramount in the assessment of @entity1 presenting to the transient @entity63 attack clinic, particularly when more than 50% of cases referred are transient @entity63 attack/ @entity64 mimics.

title: Should magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography be the primary brain imaging modality in the transient XXXX attack clinic?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity288 exhibit a wide range of adverse effects, among which are a number of cardiovascular effects. Microalbuminuria shows a strong correlation with these cardiovascular effects and is an indicator for cardiovascular risk. We now investigate whether use of @entity288 , either @entity262 , is associated with microalbuminuria. METHODS: We used the data of 7010 subjects of an on-going population based study, focussed on the impact of microalbuminuria (PREVEND). Microalbuminuria was defined as urinary albumin excretion of 30-300 mg/24 h, measured as the mean of two 24-h urine collections. @entity228 use was measured in the year preceding the albumin measurement using community pharmacy data. RESULTS: After adjusting for age and sex, the odds ratio (OR) for having microalbuminuria was slightly elevated (1.21; 95% CI 1.03-1.41; N=1798) for @entity228 users. The ORs were lower for subjects using only systemic @entity288 (1.07; 95% CI 0.67-1.72; N=146), or only local @entity288 (1.11; 95% CI 0.93-1.32; N=1442). However, the OR for subjects using both systemic and local @entity288 was raised (1.99; 95% CI 1.42-2.77; N=210). CONCLUSION: @entity228 use, and especially use of both systemic and local @entity288 is associated with microalbuminuria. Based on this investigation we cannot say if this is due to adverse effects of @entity288 themselves, or effects of the underlying disease.

title: XXXX use and its association with microalbuminuria in the adult population.

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or nonsystemic']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids', 'Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Homelessness, substance use, and @entity146 each have been associated with higher rates of @entity341 ( @entity341 ) use and hospitalization. We sought to understand the correlation between @entity341 use, hospital admission, and @entity734 among homeless individuals with concurrent @entity1032 who participated in a 'Housing First' (HF) intervention trial. METHODS: The Vancouver At Home study consisted of two randomized controlled trials addressing homeless individuals with @entity146 who have "high" or "moderate" levels of need. @entity734 was determined at baseline prior to randomization, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview diagnostic tool, version 6.0. To assess health service use, we reviewed the number of @entity341 visits and the number of hospital admissions based on administrative data for six urban hospitals. Negative binomial regression modeling was used to test the independent association between @entity734 and health service use ( @entity341 use and hospitalization), adjusting for HF intervention, age, gender, ethnicity, education, duration of lifetime homelessness, @entity146 , chronic health conditions, and other variables that were selected a priori to be potentially associated with use of @entity341 services and hospital admission. RESULTS: Of the 497 homeless adults with @entity146 who were recruited, we included 381 @entity1 in our analyses who had at least 1 year of follow-up and had a personal health number that could be linked to administrative health data. Of this group, 59% (n = 223) met criteria for @entity734 . We found no independent association between @entity734 and @entity341 visits or hospital admissions [rate ratio (RR) = 0.85; 95% CI 0.62-1.17 and RR = 1.21; 95% CI 0.83-1.77, respectively]. The most responsible diagnoses (defined as the diagnosis that accounts for the length of stay) for hospital admissions were @entity1316 , @entity161 , or @entity162 ; collectively reported in 48% (n = 263) of admissions. Fifteen percent (n = 84) of hospital admissions listed @entity734 as the most responsible diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity734 was not independently associated with @entity341 use or hospital admission among homeless adults with @entity146 participating in an HF trial. Hospital admissions among this cohort were primarily associated with severe @entity146 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN57595077 and ISRCTN66721740.

title: Emergency department use and hospitalizations among homeless adults with @entity734 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['schizo-affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia-related disorder']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence', 'Substance dependence']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic role of serum @entity1851 in @entity788 has received increasing attention; however the confounding effects of @entity253 have not been addressed in previous studies. We sought to determine the prognostic importance of serum CRP prior to biliary intervention in the prognosis of @entity788 . METHODS: A retrospective case note review of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 between 2001 and 2006. Clinical, radiological and biochemical criteria were correlated with overall survival. @entity1 were divided into: Group 1 who underwent potentially curative resection, and Group 2 with advanced unresectable disease managed non-surgically. RESULTS: In total, 199 @entity1 were included (58 resected). The proportion of @entity1 with @entity253 was equal in both groups. Serum CRP and serum @entity648 concentration at presentation were significantly higher among @entity1 in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (P values). On multivariate analysis, advancing age (P=0.012) and raised serum CRP concentration were independently associated with overall survival only in Group 2 @entity1 (P=0.027, 95% CI 0.31-0.93). This association was independent of @entity253 . CONCLUSION: Raised serum @entity1851 concentration at the time of presentation of advanced @entity788 carries a poor prognosis independent of @entity253 .

title: Serum XXXX concentration and the prognosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'biliary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to determine the efficacy of @entity136 and @entity901 in @entity1 with advanced or metastatic @entity788 (ACA). @entity1 AND METHODS: Pancreatic ACA @entity1 with previously untreated advanced or metastatic disease were enrolled in a phase II study of @entity136 and @entity901 . @entity901 was given i.v. on day 1 and @entity136 i.v. on days 1 and 8 of a 3-week cycle. The primary end point of the trial was 6-month survival. Secondary end points included response rate, overall survival, median time to progression and @entity137 . RESULTS: A total of 47 @entity1 were enrolled, 46 of whom were evaluable. Of those @entity1 assessed for the primary end point 50% lived for > or =6 months. The median time to progression was 4.53 months. Five confirmed responses were seen with a median duration of response of 2.7 months. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. However, one @entity1 died as a result of treatment-related @entity1381 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity136 and @entity901 , at doses of 1000 mg/m(2) and 100 mg/m(2), respectively, showed moderate activity in @entity1 with pancreatic ACA. Based on the results of this study further evaluation of this combination is warranted.

title: XXXX and @entity901 for metastatic @entity788 : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group phase II study.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['Gemcitabine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neuropathological studies suggest @entity353 in @entity161 . Altered synaptic pruning is proposed to underlie @entity353 . Underlying factors and clinical correlates of synaptic pruning are poorly understood. Using @entity3151 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( @entity9715 @entity7748 ), it is feasible to assess membrane phospholipid (MPL) metabolites in the brain that specifically and sensitively reflect neuropil expansion (elevated MPL precursors) or contraction (elevated MPL catabolites). METHODS: We examined MPL metabolites and their cognitive, clinical and immunologic correlates among 28 early-course @entity161 individuals (illness duration 1.99  1.33 years; antipsychotic-na  ve=18) and 21 controls. We acquired whole-brain multi-voxel @entity9715 @entity7748 data from 12 unique brain regions. @entity650 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were assayed in the serum. Generalized linear mixed models examined case-control differences in MPL metabolites in these regions correcting for multiple testing. Partial correlations accounting for multiple tests examined the relationship of @entity650 and @entity1851 levels with MPL metabolite levels. RESULTS: MPL catabolite levels were increased in the thalamus in @entity161 compared to controls. @entity650 and @entity1851 levels did not show case-control differences. @entity650 levels positively correlated with MPL catabolite levels in the thalamus after correcting for multiple tests. The left thalamus MPL catabolite levels correlated negatively with sustained attention (corrected p=0.039). DISCUSSION: Elevated MPL catabolites in the thalamus suggest increased neuropil contraction that may be related to excessive synaptic pruning. The thalamic neuropil contraction is associated with @entity650 levels suggesting central pathogenic mechanisms for the inflammatory mediators. Correlation of increased thalamic MPL catabolite levels with @entity73 suggests clinical correlates of neuropil contraction.

title: Neuropil pruning in Early-Course XXXX : Immunological, Clinical, and Neurocognitive Correlates.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['neuropil reduction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: In the present study we evaluated the toxicological effects of a scarcely documented environmental pollutant, @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ), on selected biochemical endpoints in the @entity7136 , @entity7136 . Juvenile organisms were exposed to @entity14912 through a single intraperitoneal injection (liver concentrations ranging from 16 to 864 ng/g after 5 days of exposure) and after 1 and 5 days effects were assessed in liver and serum of the exposed organisms. The investigation of the hepatotoxicity of @entity14912 included the determination of the peroxisome proliferating potential (peroxisomal @entity11668 oxidase and catalase activity) and the compounds influence on the average DNA basepair length (ABPL) by agarose gel electrophoresis. Total antioxidant activity ( @entity2796 ), @entity165 and @entity412 levels were monitored in the serum. After 1 day of exposure the ABPL was significantly increased in the 270 and 864 ng/g treatment groups. After 5 days of exposure significant increases relative to the control were observed for the 16, 270 and 864 ng/g treatment groups. Enzyme leakage from the liver was investigated by measurement of @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) and @entity492 aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum. At 561, 670 and 864 ng/g @entity14912 a significant increase in serum ALT activity became apparent after 5 days of exposure with values ranging from 159 to 407% relative to the control. For serum AST activity a significant increase for the 864 ng/g treatment group was observed with a value of 112% relative to the control. Determination of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration into liver tissue as assessed through myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in liver, was used as an indicator for @entity32 . It appeared that @entity32 was not involved in the observed membranous enzyme leakage for the 561, 670 and 864 ng/g @entity14912 treatment groups. The results of this study suggest that @entity14912 induces @entity32 -independent enzyme leakage through liver cell membranes that might be related to cell @entity39 . Furthermore, results show that @entity14912 does not significantly affects serum antioxidant levels nor does it clearly induce peroxisome proliferation in @entity7136 . This study also points out that @entity14912 might interfere with homeostasis of the DNA metabolism. The results of these biochemical analyses were used to perform an initial hazard assessment study indicating that @entity14912 levels observed in tissues of wildlife populations could induce a clear rise in serum transaminase levels indicative for disruption of hepatocyte membrane integrity.

title: Evaluation of the toxicological effects of @entity14911 in the XXXX ( @entity7136 ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluorooctane sulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['carp', 'common carp', 'Cyprinus carpio']

entities_list: @entity11668 :: ('MESH:D010171', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitoyl CoA']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['common carp']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To evaluate the effect of adding transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to exercises for @entity1118 , @entity409 and quality of life in subjects with @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). @entity1 were selected based on the RDC/ @entity2956 criteria and assessed for @entity158 intensity, pressure @entity158 threshold over temporomandibular joint and cervical muscles and quality of life. After initial assessment, all individuals underwent a 4-week protocol of exercises and manual therapy, together with active or sham primary motor cortex tDCS. Stimulation was delivered through sponge electrodes, with 2  mA amplitude, for 20  min daily, over the first 5  days of the trial. A total of 32 subjects (mean age 24  7      6  8  years) participated in the evaluations and treatment protocol. Mean @entity158 intensity pre-treatment was 5  5      1  4 for active tDCS group, and 6  3      1  2 for sham tDCS. Both groups showed a decrease in @entity158 intensity scores during the trial period (time factor - F4  5,137  5   =  28  7, P  <  0  001; group factor - F1  0,30  0   =  7  7, P  <  0  05). However, there were no differences between the groups regarding change in @entity158 intensity (time*group interaction - F4  5,137  5   =  1  5, P  =  0  137). This result remained the same after 5  months (t-test t  =  0  29, P  >  0  05). Pressure @entity158 thresholds decrease and improvement in quality of life were also noticeable in both groups, but again without significant differences between them. Absolute benefit increase was 37  5% (CI 95%: -15  9% to 90  9%), and number needed to treat was 2  66. This study suggests that there is no additional benefit in adding tDCS to exercises for the treatment of chronic @entity2956 in young adults.

title: Transcranial direct current stimulation and exercises for treatment of chronic XXXX : a blind randomised-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new prognostic model for @entity1398 ( @entity1398 ). METHODS: This study comprised 1001 episodes of @entity1398 : 718 for the derivation set and 283 for the validation set. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with unfavorable outcome as the primary endpoint and @entity2259 as the secondary endpoint. RESULTS: In the derivation set, risk factors for adverse outcomes comprised age >= 60  years (2 points), @entity1904  >= 0.5  ng/mL (5 points), ECOG performance score  >= 2 (2 points), oral @entity33 grade  >= 3 (3 points), systolic blood pressure  <90  mmHg (3 points), and respiratory rate  >= 24 breaths/min (3 points). The model stratified @entity1 into three severity classes, with adverse event rates of 6.0  % in class I (score  <=2), 27.3  % in class II (score 3-8), and 67.9  % in class III (score >= 9). @entity2259 was present in 1.1, 11.5, and 29.8  % of @entity1 in class I, II, and III, respectively. The outcomes of the validation set were similar in each risk class. When the derivation and validation sets were integrated, unfavorable outcomes occurred in 5.9  % of the low-risk group classified by the new prognostic model and in 12.2  % classified by the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index. CONCLUSIONS: With the new prognostic model, we can classify @entity1 with @entity1398 into three classes of increasing adverse outcomes and @entity2259 . Early discharge would be possible for class I @entity1 , short-term observation could safely manage class II @entity1 , and inpatient admission is warranted for class III @entity1 .

title: A new prognostic model for chemotherapy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['FN', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical decision support systems that notify providers of abnormal test results have produced mixed results. We sought to develop, implement, and evaluate the impact of a computer-based clinical alert system intended to improve @entity955 prophylaxis, and identify reasons providers do not implement a guideline-concordant response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a cohort study with historical controls among @entity1 at a tertiary care hospital. We developed a decision rule to identify newly-diagnosed @entity955 , automatically notify providers, and direct them to online evidence-based management guidelines. We tracked all notifications from December 2009 to February 2010 (notification period) and applied the same decision rule to all @entity1 from December 2008 to February 2009 (control period). Primary outcomes were accuracy of notification (confirmed through chart review) and prescription of @entity1229 within 30 days. RESULTS: During the notification period 604 notifications were triggered, of which 268 (44%) were confirmed as newly-diagnosed @entity955 . The notifications not confirmed as newly-diagnosed involved @entity1 with no recent electrocardiogram at our institution. Thirty-four of 125 high-risk @entity1 (27%) received @entity1229 in the notification period, compared with 34 of 94 (36%) in the control period (odds ratio, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.37-1.17]; p = 0.16). Common reasons to not prescribe @entity1229 (identified from chart review of 151 @entity1 ) included upcoming surgical procedure, choice to use @entity117 , and discrepancy between clinical notes and the medication record. CONCLUSIONS: An automated system to identify newly-diagnosed @entity955 , notify providers, and encourage access to management guidelines did not change provider behaviors.

title: An automated clinical alert system for newly-diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation stroke']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: 22 premature @entity1 with a birth weight less than 1500 g were studied by computed tomography. All of them needed intensive care therapy and had symptoms, which may have been caused by @entity1779 . In 15 cases (= 68%) we found subependymal and @entity548 . Clinical data showed that ventilated premature @entity1 with subependymal and @entity548 needed respiratory support in the first hours p.p. because of hyaline membrane and @entity1174 . Premature @entity1 without @entity1779 were ventilated much later (mean 96 h. p.p.). All @entity1 with @entity548 and @entity67 with and without parenchymal @entity548 (grade III and IV) died. Prematures with @entity548 (grad I) and @entity548 without @entity2554 (grade II) may survive, depending on eventually present @entity358 . The introduction of computed tomography in the examination of the CNS on prematures can therefore help to give an early prognosis.

title: [Early prognosis of @entity1779 in premature XXXX with birth weights less than 1500 g. A clinical and computed tomographic study (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'intraventricular bleeding', 'intraventricular haemorrhage', 'subependymal haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration syndroms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral haemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This pilot trial is designed to determine whether PET/CT-guided radiotherapy dose escalation can improve local control while minimizing @entity137 for the treatment of locally advanced @entity189 . METHODS: 67 @entity1 were randomized into the three treatment arms: conventional chemoradiotherapy (group A), CT-guided dose escalation chemoradiotherapy (group B) and PET/CT-guided dose escalation chemoradiotherapy (group C). Radiotherapy was delivered using the simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy (SMART) technique in the dose-escalation treatment arms. @entity1 received concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: The use of PET/CT significantly changed the treatment volume delineation of the gross @entity5 volume. 3-year local progression-free (LPF) survival rates of three groups were 83.3%, 90.9% and 100%, respectively. The 3-year regional progression-free survival (RPFS) rates were 95.8%, 95.5% and 100%, respectively. The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) rates were 79.2%, 86.4% and 95.2%, respectively. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 83.3%, 90.9% and 95.2%, respectively. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 79.2%, 86.4% and 95.2%, respectively. No @entity1 had grade 4 late @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: PET/CT-guided dose escalation radiotherapy is well-tolerated and appears to be superior to conventional chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity11408 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02089204.

title: A Randomized Pilot Trial Comparing Position Emission Tomography (PET)-Guided Dose Escalation Radiotherapy to Conventional Radiotherapy in Chemoradiotherapy Treatment of Locally Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the possible @entity2359 effects of bone cement on the peripheral nerves. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Teaching and research hospital. METHODS: Twenty @entity95 were included in this study. The sciatic nerves of both legs of the 10 @entity95 were exposed surgically under general anesthesia and closed primarily without any intervention and constituted the control group (group 1). Following surgical exploration, glass ionomer cement (GIC) was applied to the left sciatic nerves of the 10 @entity95 for 10 seconds and then aspirated (group 2). GIC material was also applied to the right sciatic nerves of these @entity95 but without @entity1173 (group 3). OUTCOME MEASURES: All @entity95 were sacrificed at the end of 8 weeks postoperatively following electromyographic investigation. The sections were stained with @entity1710 - @entity1711 and Immune @entity65302 staining technique for histopathologic examination under light microscopy. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in distal latency, which indicates the conduction speed of the nerve, between all groups by electromyography. Histopathologic examination of all specimens revealed no demyelinization or @entity528 , and all had an intact myelin structure. There was no statistically significant difference in inflammation of the specimens between groups. (p>.05). CONCLUSION: GIC has no @entity2359 effects on the nerves in short- and long-term applications.

title: Assessment of long- and short-term XXXX effects of glass ionomer bone cement by electromyography and histopathologic examination: experimental study.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'New Zealand rabbits']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex the function of which is to add telomeric repeats (TTAGGG)(n) to chromosomal ends, and it is known to play an important role in cellular immortalization. Telomerase is highly active in most @entity5 cells, yet not in normal cells. As such, it may have possible applications in @entity5 gene therapy. Telomerase consists of two essential components, telomerase RNA template ( @entity7066 ) and catalytic subunit ( @entity2215 ). @entity2215 is expressed only in cells and tissues positive for telomerase activity, i.e., @entity5 and fetal cells. We here tested the possibility of the utilization of the @entity2215 promoter in targeted @entity5 gene therapy. We cloned the @entity2215 promoter in the replace of the @entity2834 promoter and sub-cloned HSV-TK gene to be controlled by @entity2215 gene promoter in adenovirus shuttle plasmid. Then we constructed recombinant adenovirus Ad-hT-TK, and infected them into normal and @entity1 gynecological @entity5 cell lines. Through these experiments, we identified the selective @entity5 specific cell death by Ad-hT-TK. Furthermore, FACS analysis and TUNEL assay suggests that the reduced viability is mediated through the induction of apoptosis, indicating that this approach may be a useful method for suppressing @entity5 growth in targeted @entity5 gene therapy. These results show that Ad-hT-TK could be used for gynecological @entity5 gene therapy.

title: Adenovirus-mediated suicide gene therapy using the XXXX @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) gene promoter induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer cell line.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the degree to which facets of @entity23 predicted future @entity6426 , 2 theorized forms of behavioral addiction. @entity1 were 596 @entity1 and 406 @entity1 from 4 age cohorts randomly recruited from a Canadian province. @entity1 completed self-report measures of 3 facets of @entity23 (negative urgency, sensation seeking, lack of persistence), binge- @entity1277 frequency, and problem-gambling symptoms. @entity23 was assessed at baseline, and assessments of @entity6426 were followed up after 3 years. Weighted data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial and Poisson regression models. We found evidence of transdiagnostic and disorder-specific predictors of @entity6426 . Negative urgency emerged as a common predictor of @entity6426 among @entity1 and @entity1 . There were disorder-specific personality traits identified among @entity1 only: High lack-of-persistence scores predicted @entity6426 and high sensation-seeking scores predicted problem gambling. Among @entity1 , younger age predicted @entity6426 and older age predicted problem gambling. Thus, there are gender differences in facets of @entity23 that longitudinally predict @entity6426 , suggesting that treatments for these behaviors should consider gender-specific personality and demographic traits in addition to the common personality trait of negative urgency. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: The influence of XXXX on @entity6426 : A prospective study of gender differences in Canadian adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsiveness', 'Impulsiveness']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating and problem gambling', 'binge eating']

answer: @entity23 :: (MESH:D007174,Disease) :: ['impulsiveness']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of two types of service programs in ameliorating homelessness among individuals with severe @entity1032 was compared. METHODS: Homeless @entity1 with severe @entity1032 were recruited into the study on their entry into one of two types of homeless service programs. The first was a comprehensive housing program, in which consumers received guaranteed access to housing, housing support services, and case management. The second was a program of case management only, in which consumers received specialized case management services. In a quasi-experimental or nonrandom-assignment design, @entity1 responded to instruments measuring housing status, mental health symptoms, substance use, physical health, and quality of life at baseline (program entry) and at six months and 12 months after entry. The baseline interview was completed by 152 @entity1 and at least one of the two follow-up interviews by 108 @entity1 . High-, medium-, and low-impairment subgroups, based on @entity146 symptoms and degree of @entity167 and illegal drug use, were formed by means of a propensity score subclassification. RESULTS: @entity1 with high @entity146 symptom severity and high substance use achieved better housing outcomes with the comprehensive housing program than with case management alone. However, @entity1 with low and medium symptom severity and low levels of @entity167 and drug use did just as well with case management alone. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the effectiveness, and ultimately the cost, of homeless services can be improved by matching the type of service to the consumer's level of @entity146 and substance use rather than by treating mentally ill homeless @entity1 as a homogeneous group.

title: Outcomes of homeless adults with XXXX in a housing program and in case management only.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric impairment']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['mental illness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity385 is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability with documented high incidence and relapse rate. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy participated in neuronal cell death and functional loss induced following @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. The peroxisome proliferating activating receptor-y ( @entity3725 -y) agonist, Rosiglitazone (RSG), is known for its anti-inflammatory actions. Previous studies have demonstrated that RSG can exert neuroprotection in animal models of both chronic @entity1545 and acute brain insults. However, whether RSG treatment is involved in the autophagic @entity528 following I/R injury remains totally unclear. The present study aimed to hypothesize that treatment of RSG could induce neuroprotective properties in a @entity35 model of @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ), and thereby to investigate the underline mechanisms. We found that a single injection of RSG immediately following @entity2806 significantly reduced @entity385 and @entity2657 , as well as increased neuron survival rate and function recovery. These effects correlate with a decrease of inflammatory cytokines and autophagy-associated proteins expression in the hippocampus region. Our results provide in vivo evidence that RSG significantly protected @entity35 against I/R injury induced @entity1545 , and the mechanism might associate with inhibiting the processes of neuroinflammation and thereby attenuated of neuronal autophagic death. All data suggest that RSG can be further developed as a clinical neuroprotective candidate in @entity385 .

title: Neuroinflammation and neuronal autophagic death were suppressed via Rosiglitazone treatment: New evidence on neuroprotection in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'GCI']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarct volume']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['global cerebral ischemia']


abstract: AIM: The prevalence and severity of early onset @entity2521 (EOP) among students attending secondary schools in two regions of Uganda was studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 690 students (393 males and 297 females) aged 12-25 years (mean 17 years), representing a range of tribal groups, were recruited from six schools in the peri-urban Central and rural Western regions of Uganda. The study subjects were clinically examined in field conditions by a single calibrated examiner to measure @entity1464 and probing depth at six sites per tooth, with subsequent calculation of clinical periodontal attachment level for each site. Subjects exhibiting >or= 4 mm of clinical periodontal @entity6730 at approximal surfaces of one or more teeth were classified with EOP. A structured written questionnaire obtained demographic characteristics of the study subjects. RESULTS: 199 (28.8%) study subjects showed clinical features of EOP, of which 16 (2.3%) subjects exhibited generalized EOP, 29 (4.2%) localized EOP, and 154 (22.3%) incidental EOP. The percentage of EOP-affected males was significantly higher than females (33.8% vs. 22.2%, P < 0.001). EOP prevalence tended to increase with increasing age, but no association was found between EOP prevalence and socioeconomic status or residency in urban vs. rural areas of Uganda. Molars and mandibular incisors generally demonstrated the highest occurrence of >or= 4 mm @entity6730 . Clinical periodontal @entity6730 of >or= 5 mm was mainly seen at first molars and incisors, suggesting that these two tooth types are first affected with @entity6730 . Approximal tooth surfaces showed greater probing depth and @entity6730 than buccal and lingual surfaces. @entity1464 was most prevalent at mandibular anterior teeth, whereas gingival margin coronal to CEJ was most frequently observed at second molars and maxillary incisors. CONCLUSION: A relatively high prevalence of EOP (28.8%) was found in young Ugandan school attendees, with 6.5% of these showing severe disease. EOP in Uganda was significantly more prevalent in males than females, and most frequently characterized by approximal involvement of molars and mandibular incisors. Etiologic and predisposing factors associated with the high occurrence of EOP in Uganda, as well as therapeutic and preventive measures of the disease in this population, remain to be delineated.

title: Prevalence of aggressive XXXX in school attendees in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival recession', 'gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']