abstract: UNASSIGNED: Solid phase extraction is one of the most commonly used pre-concentration and cleanup steps in environmental science. However, traditional methods need electrically powered pumps, can use large volumes of solvent (if multiple samples are run), and require several hours to filter a sample. Additionally, if the cartridge is open to the air volatile compounds may be lost and sample integrity compromised. In contrast, micro cartridge based solid phase extraction can be completed in less than 2min by hand, uses only microlitres of solvent and provides comparable concentration factors to established methods. It is also an enclosed system so volatile components are not lost. The sample can also be eluted directly into a detector (e.g. a mass spectrometer) if required. However, the technology is new and has not been much used for environmental analysis. In this study we compare traditional (macro) and the new micro solid phase extraction for the analysis of four common volatile @entity26625 ( @entity3636 , @entity12775 , @entity12776 and @entity12777 ). The results demonstrate that micro solid phase extraction is faster and cheaper than traditional methods with similar recovery rates for the target compounds. This method shows potential for further development in a range of applications.

title: Micro versus macro solid phase extraction for monitoring water contaminants: A preliminary study using XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26625 :: ('MESH:D022882', 'Chemical') :: ['trihalomethanes']

entities_list: @entity12777 :: ('MESH:C015044', 'Chemical') :: ['tribromomethane']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity12775 :: ('MESH:C025191', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity12776 :: ('MESH:C032707', 'Chemical') :: ['dibromochloromethane']

answer: @entity26625 :: (MESH:D022882,Chemical) :: ['trihalomethanes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We undertook this cross-sectional study to investigate the distribution of @entity1211 and effect of axial reflux in superficial and deep veins and to determine the clinical value of quantifying peak reverse flow velocity and reflux time in limbs with chronic @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Four hundred one legs (127 with skin changes, 274 without skin changes) in 272 @entity1 were examined with duplex ultrasound scanning, and peak reverse flow velocity and reflux time were measured. Both parameters were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. The sum of reverse flow scores was calculated from seven venous segments, three in superficial veins (great saphenous vein at saphenofemoral junction, great saphenous vein below knee, small saphenous vein) and four in deep veins (common femoral vein, femoral vein, deep femoral vein, popliteal vein). Axial reflux was defined as reflux in the great saphenous vein above and below the knee or in the femoral vein to the popliteal vein below the knee. Reflux parameters and presence or absence of axial reflux in superficial or deep veins were correlated with prevalence of skin changes or @entity1066 (CEAP class 4-6). RESULTS: The most common anatomic presentation was @entity337 in all three systems (superficial, deep, perforator; 46%) or in superficial or perforator veins (28%). @entity354 in one system only was rare (15%; superficial, 28 legs; deep, 14 legs; perforator, 18 legs). Deep @entity1211 was present in 244 legs (61%). If common femoral vein reflux was excluded, prevalence of deep @entity1211 was 52%. The cause, according to findings at duplex ultrasound scanning, was primary in 302 legs (75%) and secondary in 99 legs (25%). Presence of axial deep @entity1211 increased significantly with prevalence of skin changes or @entity1066 (C4-C6; odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-4.67). Of 110 extremities with incompetent popliteal vein, 81 legs had even femoral vein reflux, with significantly more skin changes or @entity1066 , compared with 29 legs with popliteal reflux alone (P =.025). Legs with skin changes or @entity1066 had significantly higher total peak reverse flow velocity (P =.006), but the difference for total reflux time did not reach significance (P =.084) compared with legs without skin changes. In contrast, presence of axial reflux in superficial veins did not increase prevalence of skin changes (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.44-1.2). Incompetent perforator veins were observed as often in @entity1 with no skin changes (C0-C3, 215 of 274, 78%) as in @entity1 with skin changes (C4-C6, 106 of 127, 83%; P =.25). CONCLUSION: Continuous axial deep @entity1211 is a major contributor to increased prevalence of skin changes or @entity1066 in @entity1 with chronic @entity66 compared @entity1150 above or below the knee only. The total peak reverse flow velocity score is significantly higher in @entity1 with skin changes or @entity1066 . It is questionable whether peak reverse flow velocity and reflux time can be used to quantify @entity1211 ; however, if they are used, peak reverse flow velocity seems to reflect venous malfunction more appropriately.

title: Deep axial reflux, an important contributor to skin changes or XXXX in chronic @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['with segmental deep venous reflux']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Isolated reflux']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous reflux', 'venous incompetence']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of the Ivor Lewis esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection for thoracic @entity418 we reviewed our experience. METHODS: We analyzed the cases of 147 consecutive @entity1 who underwent subtotal esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection through Ivor Lewis approach for @entity418 from January 1996 through December 2000. Eighty-six @entity1 were operated on for @entity5 of the midthoracic esophagus, 48 for @entity5 of the lower thoracic esophagus, and 13 for @entity5 of the aortal segment of the esophagus. No @entity1 had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before operation. RESULTS: There were 113 @entity1 (76.9%) and 34 @entity1 . Median age was 57 years (range 51-65 years). Postsurgical pathological studies revealed @entity957 in 139 @entity1 (94.6%), @entity420 in five (3.4%), and @entity1962 in three (2%). Positive abdominal and/or mediastinal lymph nodes were found in 122 @entity1 (82.9%). At mean 43 nodes (range from 32 up to 75) were studied for each @entity1 . @entity1129 mediastinal or abdominal lymph nodes are involved in up to 80% of cases. However, in T(3)-T(4) stages the frequency of lymph node involvement is significantly higher (P<0.05). Postsurgical staging was as follows: stage I in three @entity1 (2%), stage IIa in 20 (13.6%), stage IIb in 29 (19.7%), stage III in 54 (36.8%), and stage IV in 41 (27.9%). All distant metastases were lymphogenous. The operative mortality rate was 6.1%, and complications occurred in 62 @entity1 (42.1%). The overall 5-year survive rate was 28.8% (median survival 36.1 months). The 5-year survival rate for @entity1 in stage IIa was 59%; for those in stage IIb, 39.5%; for @entity1 in stage III, 26.7%; and 0% for @entity1 in stage IV. CONCLUSIONS: Subtotal esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection through Ivor Lewis approach for @entity418 is a safe operation. Long-term survival is stage dependent. Effective multimodality treatment may be helpful for @entity1 with @entity1442 .

title: Subtotal esophagectomy with extended 2-field lymph node dissection for thoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1962 :: ('MESH:D018196', 'Disease') :: ['adenosquamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: A high- @entity948 diet (HFD) has been shown to elevate blood pressure (BP) and to @entity1720 in @entity35 . Although running exercise can attenuate these phenomena, its effect on target organ protection is not clear. We investigated whether exercise training has renal protective effects in this model. Nine-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 were allocated to groups that received HFD or a control diet (control group) for 15 weeks. At the age of 10 weeks, @entity948 -fed @entity35 were allocated to groups that were given vehicle (FRU group), @entity29274 , an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (TEM group), exercise training (EX group; treadmill running), or @entity29274 plus exercise training (TEM+EX group). BP was higher in the FRU group than in the control group. Exercise training tended to decrease BP and @entity29274 treatment decreased BP significantly. @entity644 was similar in the five groups. Plasma leptin concentration and epididymal fat weight were lower in the EX and TEM+EX groups than in the FRU group. In the soleus muscle of the FRU group, the composite ratio of type I fiber was decreased and that of type IIa fiber was increased compared with those in the control group. Both @entity29274 and exercise training restored these ratios. The @entity8 index (GSI) was higher in the FRU group than in the control group. GSI was decreased equally in the TEM, EX, and TEM+EX groups and was positively correlated with plasma leptin concentration. The results suggest that exercise training ameliorates @entity8 through mechanisms other than a reduction in BP.

title: Effects of exercise training on glomerular structure in XXXX -fed spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['decrease insulin sensitivity']

answer: @entity948 :: (MESH:D005632,Chemical) :: ['fructose']


abstract: @entity1030 in @entity1 is frequently complicated by the development of @entity120 , which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. @entity519 , @entity32 and increased shear stress are the primary stimuli although the exact pathways through which these initiating events lead to @entity120 remain to be completely elucidated. The increase in pulmonary vascular resistance is attributed, in part, to remodelling of the walls of resistance vessels. This consists of intimal, medial and adventitial @entity1184 , which can lead to encroachment into and reduction of the vascular lumen. In addition, it has been reported that there is a reduction in the number of blood vessels in the @entity101 lung, which could also contribute to increased vascular resistance. The pulmonary endothelium plays a key role in mediating and modulating these changes. These structural alterations in the pulmonary vasculature contrast sharply with the responses of the systemic vasculature to the same stimuli. In systemic organs, both @entity519 and @entity32 cause angiogenesis. Furthermore, remodelling of the walls of resistance vessels is not observed in these conditions. Thus it has been generally stated that, in the adult pulmonary circulation, angiogenesis does not occur. Prompted by previous observations that chronic airway @entity32 can lead to @entity6980 without @entity101 , we have recently shown, using quantitative stereological techniques, that angiogenesis can occur in the adult pulmonary circulation. @entity358 has also been reported in some other conditions including post-pneumonectomy lung growth, metastatic disease of the lung and in @entity2835 . Such angiogenesis may serve to prevent or attenuate increased vascular resistance in @entity358 . In view of these more recent data, the role of structural alterations in the pulmonary vasculature in the development of @entity120 should be carefully reconsidered.

title: The structural basis of @entity120 in XXXX : remodelling, rarefaction or angiogenesis?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'secondary pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular remodelling']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'Pulmonary angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To pool reliable evidences for the optimum anterior transposition technique in the treatment of @entity7769 by comparing the clinical efficacy of subcutaneous and submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition. METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, OVID AMED, EBSCO and potentially relevant surgical archives. Risk of bias of each included studies was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the clinical improvement in function compared to baseline. Heterogeneity was assessed across studies, and subgroup analysis was also performed based on the study type and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Three studies with a total of 352 @entity1 were identified, and the clinically relevant improvement was used as the primary outcomes. Our meta-analysis revealed that no significant difference was observed between two comparison groups in terms of postoperative clinical improvement in those studies (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.25, P = 0.72). Meanwhile, subgroup analyses by study type and follow-up duration revealed the consistent results with the overall estimate. Additionally, the pre- and postoperative motor nerve conduction velocities were reported in two studies with a total of 326 @entity1 , but we could not perform a meta-analysis because of the lack of concrete numerical value in one study. The quality of evidence for clinical improvement was 'low' or 'moderate' on the basis of GRADE approach. CONCLUSIONS: Based on small numbers of studies with relatively poor methodological quality, the limited evidence is insufficient to identify the optimum anterior transposition technique in the treatment of @entity7769 . The results of the present study suggest that anterior subcutaneous and submuscular transposition might be equally effective in @entity1 with @entity16 at the elbow. Therefore, more high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized clinical improvement metrics are required to further clarify this topic and to provide reproducible pre- and postoperative objective outcomes.

title: Anterior Subcutaneous versus Submuscular Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['Cubital Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity379 release assays (IGRAs), although established for identifying @entity9178 , is still evolving in diagnosis of @entity378 . We systematically evaluated the diagnostic performance of blood and pleural fluid based IGRAs in @entity1143 ( @entity1143 ). METHODS: We searched PubMed and EmBase databases for studies evaluating commercially available IGRAs on blood and/or pleural fluid samples for diagnosing @entity1143 . Quality of included studies was assessed through QUADAS-2 tool. Pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated using a bivariate random-effects model and examined using forest plots and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves. Indeterminate IGRA results were included for sensitivity calculations. Heterogeneity was explored through subgroup analysis and meta-regression based on pre-specified covariates. RESULTS: We identified 19 studies assessing T.SPOT- @entity1906 and/or QuantiFERON assays. There were 20 and 14 evaluations respectively of whole blood and pleural fluid assays, involving 1085 and 727 subjects respectively. There was only one good-quality study, and five studies used non-standard assay thresholds. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for blood assays were 0.77 (95% CI 0.71-0.83) and 0.71 (95% CI 0.65-0.76) respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for pleural fluid assays were 0.72 (95% CI 0.55-0.84) and 0.78 (95% CI 0.65-0.87) respectively. There was considerable heterogeneity; however, multivariate meta-regression did not identify any covariate with significant influence. There was no publication bias. CONCLUSIONS: Commercial IGRAs, performed either on whole blood or pleural fluid, have poor diagnostic accuracy in @entity1 suspected to have @entity1143 .

title: XXXX release assays for diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleural effusion', 'TPE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['active extrapulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['Interferon-gamma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ) commonly presents after @entity298 has been stopped, either post-transplantation (PT- @entity2976 ) or after switching to hemodialysis (classical @entity2976 , cEPS). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PT- @entity2976 and cEPS differ in morphology and clinical course. METHODS: In this European multicenter study we included fifty-six @entity2976 @entity1 , retrospectively paired-matched for @entity298 ( @entity298 ) duration. Twenty-eight @entity1 developed @entity2976 after renal transplantation, whereas the other twenty-eight @entity1 were classical @entity2976 @entity1 . Demographic data, @entity298 , and course of disease were documented. Peritoneal biopsies of all @entity1 were investigated using histological criteria. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 from the Netherlands and thirty-eight @entity1 from Germany were included. Time on @entity298 was 78(64-95) in the PT- @entity2976 and 72(50-89) months in the cEPS group (p>0.05). There were no significant differences between the morphological findings of cEPS and PT- @entity2976 . Podoplanin positive cells were a prominent feature in both groups, but with a similar distribution of the podoplanin patterns. Time between cessation of @entity298 to the clinical diagnosis of @entity2976 was significantly shorter in the PT- @entity2976 group as compared to cEPS (4(2-9) months versus 23(7-24) months, p<0.001). @entity298 rate was significantly higher in cEPS. CONCLUSIONS: In peritoneal biopsies PT- @entity2976 and cEPS are not distinguishable by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry, which argues against different entities. The critical phase for PT- @entity2976 is during the first year after transplantation and therefore earlier after @entity298 cessation then in cEPS.

title: Histological and clinical findings in XXXX with post-transplantation and classical encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: a European multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'PD details', 'Peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Metabolically healthy @entity28 possibly reflects a transitional stage before the onset of @entity209 , but few studies have characterised this transition. We examined the behavioural and biological characteristics of healthy obese adults that progressed to an unhealthy state over 8 years follow up. METHODS: @entity1 were 2422 @entity1 and @entity1 (aged 63.3    7.7 years, 44.2% @entity1 ) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Obesity was defined as body mass index >=  30 kg/m2. Based on blood pressure, HDL- @entity165 , @entity1674 , glycated haemoglobin, and @entity1851 @entity1 were classified as 'healthy' (0 or 1 metabolic abnormality) or 'unhealthy' (>=  2 @entity209 ). RESULTS: Over eight years follow-up, 44.5% of healthy obese had transitioned into an unhealthy state, compared to only 16.6% and 26.2% of healthy normal weight and overweight adults, respectively. Compared with healthy obese adults who remained stable, those who progressed to an unhealthy state were more likely to have @entity101 (75.0% vs 37.0%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR] 8.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7-17.0), high @entity1851 (53.7% vs 17.0%, OR=8.6, 95% CI 4.1-18.0), high glycated haemoglobin (46.3% vs 5.9%, OR=13.8, 95% CI 6.1-31.2) and high @entity1674 (45.4% vs 11.9%, OR=5.9, 95% CI 2.9-12.0) at follow-up, with excess risk remaining independent of lifestyle factors including self-reported physical activity. Progression to an unhealthy state was also linked with significant gains in waist circumference (B=2.7, 95% CI, 0.5 - 4.9 cm). CONCLUSION: These data show that a healthy @entity28 phenotype is relatively unstable. Transition to an unhealthy state is characterised by multiple biological changes which are not fully explained by lifestyle risk factors.

title: Stability of metabolically healthy XXXX over 8 years: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities', 'metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: AIMS: Pulmonary vein ablation offers the potential to cure @entity1 with @entity955 . In this study, we investigated the incidence of @entity849 after radiofrequency catheter ablation of refractory @entity955 by systematic long-term follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 with refractory and highly symptomatic @entity955 underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic triggers inside the pulmonary veins and/or ostial pulmonary vein isolation with conventional mapping and ablation technology. These @entity1 had follow-up examinations at 2 years with transoesophageal doppler-echo and/or angio magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of the pulmonary veins. Seventy-seven percent of the @entity1 were free from @entity955 , 51% were without antiarrhythmic drugs, and 26% were on previously ineffective antiarrhythmic drug therapy. However, 13 of the 47 @entity1 showed significant @entity849 or @entity432 . Only three of these 13 @entity1 complained of dyspnoea. Distal ablations inside the pulmonary vein were associated with a 5.6-fold higher risk of @entity850 than ostial ablations. CONCLUSIONS: At 2-year follow-up, the risk of significant @entity849 / @entity432 after radiofrequency catheter ablation of refractory @entity955 with conventional mapping and ablation technology was 28%. Distal ablations inside smaller pulmonary veins should be avoided because of the higher risk of @entity850 than ablation at the ostium.

title: Incidence of @entity849 2 years after radiofrequency catheter ablation of refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The confined interaction is important to understand the melting and crystallization of polymers within single-wall @entity505 tube (SWNT). However, it is difficult for us to observe this interaction. In the current work, the structures and behaviors of melting and crystallization for @entity691 (PE) clusters confined in armchair single-walled @entity505 nanotubes ((n,n)-SWNTs) are investigated and examined based on @entity74 ( @entity74 ) simulations. The nonbonded energies, structures, Lindemman indices, radial density distributions, and diffusion coefficients are used to demonstrate the features of melting phase transition for PE clusters confined in (n,n)-SWNTs. The chain end-to-end distance (R(n)) and chain end-to-end distribution are used to examine the flexibility of the PE chain confined in SWNT. The global orientational order parameter (P2) is employed to reveal the order degree of whole PE polymer. The effect of polymerization degree on melting temperature and the influence of SWNT chirality on structure of PE cluster are examined and discussed. Results demonstrate that within the confined environment of SWNT, PE clusters adopt novel co-axial crystalline layer structure, in which parallel chains of each layer are approximately vertical to @entity5274 . The disordered-ordered transformation of PE chains in each layer is an important structural feature for crystallization of confined PE clusters. SWNTs have a considerable effect on the structures and stabilities of the confined PE clusters.

title: Molecular dynamics simulation of melting and crystallization processes of @entity691 clusters confined in armchair single-walled XXXX nanotubes.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular dynamics', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Humeral "bifurcation" due to @entity63086 , and @entity4219 are both very @entity4218 . We report on a Canadian. Aboriginal @entity1 with both these @entity4218 . The family history was unremarkable, but he was exposed prenatally to @entity2072 at the time of limb development. @entity63086 with @entity3165 has been reported by several authors. The majority of cases are unilateral. When both upper limbs arms are involved, cases with @entity56515 often have asymmetrical @entity4218 and have all been sporadic to date. Some appear to represent cases of the femur-fibula-ulna or FFU complex. Affected individuals with normal hands usually have symmetrical defects and show an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. @entity4218 have been reported in several @entity1 exposed prenatally to @entity2072 and have been inducible in animal models. Most are terminal transverse defects or @entity2172 . When more than one limb is involved, the defects are usually asymmetric. Our case appears to be one of the most severely affected @entity1 reported to date.

title: @entity63086 , @entity3165 and XXXX , with contralateral amelia, in a @entity1 with prenatal @entity2072 exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar aplasia']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies of middle digits']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['rare limb anomalies', 'Limb deficiencies', 'limb deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity63086 :: ('MESH:C535284', 'Disease') :: ['Humeroradial synostosis', 'humeroradial synostosis']

entities_list: @entity56515 :: ('MESH:C535688', 'Disease') :: ['oligodactyly']

answer: @entity56515 :: (MESH:C535688,Disease) :: ['oligodactyly']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity952 ( @entity952 ) are among the most common forms of @entity1 psychopathology and have serious long-term academic, social, and mental health consequences worldwide. Psychosocial treatments are the first line of evidence-based treatments for @entity952 , yet their effectiveness often varies according to @entity1 sociodemographic characteristics, practice setting, and implementation procedures. While a large majority of the world's @entity1 live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), most studies have evaluated psychosocial treatments for @entity952 in high-income Anglo countries. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects of psychosocial treatments for @entity952 in @entity1 and adolescents (under age 18) diagnosed with @entity952 , @entity9054 , or other disruptive behavioural problems living in LMIC. The secondary objectives are to: (1) describe the range and types of psychosocial treatments used to address @entity952 in LMIC and (2) identify key dissemination and implementation factors (adaptation processes, training/supervision processes, and financial costs). All controlled trials comparing psychosocial treatments versus waiting list, no treatment, or treatment as usual in @entity1 living in LMIC will be included. Studies will be identified using the methods outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without restrictions on language, publication type, status, or date of publication. The primary outcome measures will be disruptive behavioural problems (eg, oppositionality, defiance, aggression or deceit). Secondary outcomes will be positive mental health outcomes (eg, prosocial behaviour), function @entity73 (or hospitalisation), academic outcomes and caregiver outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study uses data from published studies; therefore ethical review is not required. Findings will be presented in a published manuscript. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42014015334.

title: Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behavioural problems in XXXX living in low- and middle-income countries: study protocol of a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment, institutionalisation']

entities_list: @entity9054 :: ('MESH:D019955', 'Disease') :: ['conduct disorder']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['DBDs', 'oppositional defiant disorder', 'Disruptive behaviour disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Over the last decade, the results of 5 prospective clinical trials of intracranial @entity11 ( @entity11 ) have been published, 4 in adults with supratentorial @entity11 and 1 in @entity1 with infra- and supratentorial @entity11 . The data from the more than 1600 @entity1 treated on these studies are summarized herein. European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 study 22845 randomized 311 adults to postoperative observation or @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ). There was no difference in the 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate between the 2 arms. Irradiated @entity1 had a significantly improved 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate. European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 study 22844 randomized 379 adults to low-dose (45 Gy) versus high-dose (59.4 Gy) @entity1161 . Similarly, an intergroup study conducted by the North Central @entity5 Treatment Group, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and Eastern Cooperative Group randomized 203 adults to low-dose (50.4 Gy) versus high-dose (64.8 Gy) @entity1161 . There was no difference in the 5-year @entity1349 or PFS rates between the 2 dose groups in either study. A Southwest Oncology Group study randomized 54 adults with incompletely resected @entity11 to @entity1161 alone or @entity1161 plus @entity11770 ( @entity11770 ) chemotherapy. There was no difference in outcome between the 2 treatment arms. Important prognostic factors for @entity1349 in these 4 adult trials included extent of surgical resection, histology, @entity5 size, and age. An intergroup study of the @entity1 's @entity5 Group and Pediatric Oncology Group enrolled 660 pediatric @entity1 with management based on the extent of surgical resection: @entity1 who underwent gross total @entity5 resection were observed postoperatively, whereas those who had subtotal resection or biopsy were either observed or administered @entity1161 at the discretion of their physician. Survival was most impacted by several prognostic factors, primarily extent of resection. Besides extent of resection, other prognostic factors that were consistent in predicting survival in these 5 clinical trials included @entity1 age and @entity5 location, size, and histology. The data from these 5 studies indicate that for intracranial @entity11 in adults, postoperative @entity1161 is associated with improved 5-year PFS but not @entity1349 rates compared to postoperative observation. Radiation doses of 45 to 54 Gy result in 5-year @entity1349 and PFS rates that are similar to those for higher doses. The strategies of chemotherapy alone and @entity1161 plus chemotherapy are under investigation. For pediatric @entity11 , extent of surgical resection is the most important prognostic factor associated with favorable 5-year @entity1349 and PFS. Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are generally used in the settings of incomplete resection and recurrent disease, and these strategies are being investigated in prospective clinical trials. The schemata from recently completed and ongoing studies in both adult and pediatric intracranial @entity11 are reviewed.

title: Prospective clinical trials of intracranial XXXX in adults and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['CCNU', 'lomustine']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['LGG', 'low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['low-grade glioma']


abstract: A method for purifying Leydig cells by centrifugation of testes cells on continuous density gradients of Percoll has been investigated. The distribution of Leydig cells in the separated bands of cells obtained and their receptor content and @entity251 production after addition of lutropin (LH) has been measured. In agreement with previous work (Schumacher, Sch  fer, Holstein _ Hilz 1978) it was found that highly pure @entity19 Leydig cells (average density 1.070 g/ml) could be prepared by this method. These cells responded to LH and produced high amounts of @entity251 (1 - 4 microgram/10(6) cells/2 h), and bound [125] @entity3566 specifically (25 - 64 fmols @entity3566 bound/10(6)). Similarly from @entity35 testes, Leydig cells (average density 1.072 g/ml) were purified. These cells also responded to LH and produced 5 - 25 ng @entity251 /10(6) cells/2 h and bound [125] @entity3566 specifically (3 - 18 fmols @entity3566 bound/10(6)cells). Two other bands of nucleated cells of lower density (approximately 1.045 and 1.052 g/ml) were formed on the gradients from both @entity19 and @entity35 testes. Both these bands of cells were found to contain Leydig cells which bound [125] @entity3566 specifically but little or not stimulation of @entity251 production could be demonstrated. Fractionation of the gradients after separation of the cells into small aliquots demonstrated that fractions containing up to 100% Leydig cells could be isolated which were not stimulated to produce @entity251 after addition of LH. It is concluded that in both the adult @entity35 and @entity19 testes, Leydig cells of different densities and steroidogenic responsiveness to LH exist. The data obtained in this and other studies suggest that Leydig cells in the @entity35 and @entity19 testes are not a homogeneous population and that they may be undergoing a continuous cycle of activity which involves changes in density and steroidogenic capacity.

title: The heterogeneity of Leydig cells from @entity19 and XXXX testes--evidence for a Leydig cell cycle?

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to satisfactory cytoreductive surgery combined with @entity902 -based chemotherapy in @entity43 has improved greatly, however, the relapse rate also high. In current study, we analyzed prognostic factors related to secondary cytoreductive surgery in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: Clinical and follow-up data from 103 @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 who received secondary cytoreductive surgery and were admitted to our hospital between January 2000 and December 2008 were analyzed. RESULTS: Median survival after recurrence (RS) after the first relapse for the 103 @entity1 was 36 months, and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 60 months. @entity1 without visible @entity41 after secondary cytoreductive surgery had longer RS and @entity1349 compared to those with @entity41 >= 1  cm. The RS and @entity1349 of @entity1 without visible @entity41 after secondary cytoreductive surgery were not significantly different compared to those with @entity41 between 0.1 and 1  cm. @entity1 with disease free interval (DFI)  >=   12  months  at secondary cytoreductive surgery had longer RS and @entity1349 compared to those with DFI  <  12 months. @entity1 with one recurrent lesion had longer RS and @entity1349 compared to those with more than one lesion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity41 at secondary cytoreductive surgery, DFI and number of lesions were independent prognostic factors for secondary cytoreductive surgery in @entity1 with @entity43 . @entity1 with DFI >= 12 months and a single lesion had better prognosis for achieving satisfactory cytoreduction, especially the absence of visible @entity41 .

title: Secondary cytoreductive surgery in recurrent XXXX : A prognostic analysis with 103 cases.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumors', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of presentation of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) in @entity1 presenting at our unit and to compare effects of @entity4082 alone and in combination with @entity2449 in management of @entity3610 . METHODS: This study was conducted from Jan 2001-2003 at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. All @entity1 presenting with @entity249 were evaluated with a view to select 100 @entity1 of @entity3610 with the help of history of oligomenorrhoea, hirsuitism and acne. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography and hormone analysis (LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity251 along with LH:FSH>2). The 100 selected @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. One was given combined @entity4082 (CC) and @entity2449 for ovulation induction and the other CC alone. These @entity1 were followed for six cycles for ovulation and conception. Follicle tracking on ultrasonography and day-21 serum @entity1420 level were used to detect ovulation while conception was confirmed by urine pregnancy test, serum B-HCG level and ultrasonography for gestational sac. RESULTS: Hirsuitism and oligomenorrhoea were the two most common clinical features of @entity3610 . In the first group 34 @entity1 (68%) ovulated as compared with 18 (36%) in the second group. In the first group 18 out of 34 @entity1 (52.9%) conceived as compared with only 8 out of 18 (44%) in the second group. The difference was significant at >0.05 when ovulatory and pregnancy responses were compared among two groups. All @entity1 tolerated @entity2449 well and no teratogenic effects were observed in @entity1 who conceived after treatment with @entity2449 . CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity2449 and @entity4082 significantly increases the ovulation and conception rates in these @entity1 .

title: Presentation of @entity3610 and its management with XXXX alone and in combination with @entity2449 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene']


abstract: There are several methods used for non-surgical sterilization in birth control including @entity3543 , @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ), @entity2929 , @entity803 , @entity7292 and talcum powder. Among these, talcum powder, @entity2974 and @entity7292 are the most commonly used. However, the toxic and carcinogenic activities of these chemicals in ovarian tissue have been poorly elucidated. This study demonstrates the expression levels of antioxidant, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes after administration of talc powder, @entity2974 and @entity7292 for non-surgical sterilization in female @entity35 models. The expression changes of some microRNAs ( @entity51003 , @entity34323 , @entity19309 and @entity63730 ) that play key roles in the apoptosis pathway were also included. All expression analyses were evaluated with real-time PCR. The expression levels of all genes appeared to be upregulated in the talcum powder group, but the results were not statistically significant. Increased expression of Gsr and @entity24544 genes was statistically significant in the talcum powder group. In @entity2974 and @entity7292 group, expression of all genes was appeared to be elevated but only the Gsr expression was statistically significant in the @entity2974 -administrated group; there were no statistically significant changes in the @entity7292 group. miRNA expression levels were increased in talcum powder and @entity2974 -administrated groups, but these results were not significant. Expression levels of @entity51003 , @entity34323 and @entity63730 in the @entity7292 group were significantly increased. Consequently, these chemicals appear to be non-carcinogenic agents for @entity35 ovarian tissue which do not induce apoptosis. However, talcum powder and @entity2974 can be considered as agents that are toxic to ovarian tissue.

title: Application of talcum powder, @entity2804 and XXXX in female @entity35 for non-surgical sterilization: evaluation of the apoptotic pathway mRNA and miRNA genes.

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['quinacrine']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity7292 :: (MESH:D012835,Chemical) :: ['silver nitrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12832 is cranial asymmetry caused by external forces on the skull. @entity12832 is seen in 5% to 48% of healthy newborns. Incomplete uvular fusion, in contrast, is one of many @entity600 . The incidence of all degrees of @entity445 is approximately 1% in healthy @entity1 . @entity36618 is a @entity600 that is often considered a microform @entity2419 or a marker for @entity2419 . METHODS: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity12832 seen at the Upstate Cleft and Craniofacial Center between January 1, 2006, and September 30, 2011. @entity1 were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for @entity9283 . Seventy-nine @entity1 were excluded with @entity91 and syndromic diagnoses. One hundred forty-six @entity1 with @entity12832 were included in the study. Data were collected for sex, age at presentation, parity, multiple births, delivery, @entity2906 , cephalohematoma, @entity1478 , fetal position, and intrauterine growth restriction. Clinical findings were collected including location of cranial flattening and @entity600 . RESULTS: Twenty-four of 146 @entity1 with @entity12832 had incomplete fusion of the uvula ranging from complete bifid uvula to a notched uvular tip (16.4%). This association was statistically significant (odds ratio, 18; 95% confidence interval, 11.1-28.9). Most @entity1 (62.3%) were male. We recorded primiparity (44.5%), multiple births (17.1%), vacuum-assisted delivery (6.2%), cesarean section (36.3%), @entity2906 (4.1%), @entity1478 (2.1%), abnormal fetal position (3.4%), and intrauterine growth restriction (1.4%). Ten of the 24 @entity1 with @entity9283 and @entity600 were seen for an initial consultation only in our chart system. Of the remaining 14 @entity1 with follow-up, none had recorded signs or symptoms of @entity1739 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity445 in @entity1 with @entity12832 is 16.4%, which is significantly higher than the approximate 1% incidence reported in the general population. This is the first report of @entity600 in the presence of @entity12832 .

title: @entity600 in the Presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity12832 :: ('MESH:D049068', 'Disease') :: ['Deformational plagiocephaly', 'deformational plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['plagiocephaly']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['uvular malformations', 'uvular malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity445 :: ('MESH:C536298', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete uvular fusion']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['uterine abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2906 :: ('MESH:D016104', 'Disease') :: ['oligohydramnios']

entities_list: @entity36618 :: ('MESH:C531732', 'Disease') :: ['Bifid uvula']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'submucous cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity12832 :: (MESH:D049068,Disease) :: ['Deformational Plagiocephaly']


abstract: Three pathologists reviewed slides and reports of @entity5 arising in both the study and control populations of the U.K. trial of annual mammography screening from age 40 years. A total of 875 cases were scored independently as noninvasive, microinvasive, or @entity3 , with the last also evaluated for histology grade, type, and @entity7453 . Of these, 870 (99.2%) were confirmed malignant, 1 case had cytology only, and 5 were judged by all reviewers as benign. Reviewer complete concordance for the three classes of malignancy was achieved in 826 (95%) and majority agreement in 31 (3.6%) of 870 with complete data. All three readers recorded grade in 736 @entity5 , giving a kappa statistic of 0.69, 0.52, and 0.66 for grades I, II, and III, respectively, and 0.61 overall. Agreement that the @entity5 was special type or not was obtained in 671 (89.0%) with complete concordance in the nature of the type in 504 and majority view in 167; another 58 (7.7%) were characterised as "part special" pattern, with @entity164 in 23 (3%). The kappa statistic for single type subcategories in those @entity5 was substantial, at 0.68 overall. This improved to 0.76 for the last 230 invasive @entity5 after the pathologists agreed more explicit criteria for type discrimination. There was almost perfect agreement between original and review diagnosis of @entity0 for both noninvasive/microinvasive and @entity3 (kappa 0.84 and 0.91, respectively), justifying confidence in the diagnosis of @entity0 by U.K. pathologists. The specialists agreed substantially on qualitative histology features of type and grade of @entity5 , and improved further for typing by defining criteria. These consensus data, along with invasive size and node status, are reliable for use as surrogate measures of outcome, and to enhance interpretation of effect, when the trial case population sources are disclosed.

title: Implications of pathologist concordance for XXXX assessments in mammography screening from age 40 years.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['type disagreement']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Predicting @entity174 risk is a major challenge because it allows the prevention of major @entity3604 in high-risk populations. With the aging of the population, this matter will become of even greater importance. In recent years, novel clinical, biochemical, and imaging tools have been developed to improve the assessment of @entity174 risk. RECENT FINDINGS: The present review summarizes novel clinical strategies, Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived tools, imaging techniques, and biochemical markers that have been developed recently to improve @entity174 risk prediction. SUMMARY: DXA and clinical @entity174 risk prediction tools are preferential markers of @entity174 risk. Clinical @entity174 risk alone might be used if DXA facilities are unavailable. The @entity174 risk assessment tool may be used in @entity170 consultation in many countries. Other tools may be used soon after more studies are performed, particularly trabecular bone score, quantitative ultrasound, bone turnover markers. Specific factors for example falls, @entity572 length, @entity174 assessment could be used in individual @entity1 . This may significantly improve the clinical decision-making.

title: Choosing the tool for XXXX risk prediction.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: To study the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in the @entity194 of @entity19 masseter muscle in response to a change from a hard to a soft diet, we analyzed the amounts of mRNA and the immunolocalization for @entity7424 , @entity10247 , their receptors (IGFRs), and binding proteins (IGFBPs). Sixteen male ICR @entity19 were fed a hard diet after weaning; they were divided into two groups at 6 months of age and fed a hard or a soft diet for 1 week. The soft diet treatment decreased masseter weight by 19% ( P<0.01) and the minimal diameter of masseter myofibers by 19% ( P<0.01), verifying that a soft diet led to @entity194 of @entity19 masseter muscle. The soft diet treatment induced a 30% reduction in the amount of @entity7424 mRNA ( P<0.05) in preparations of whole masseter tissues. Immunohistochemical findings suggested that a reduction in the expression of @entity7424 protein took place in the neural tissues, not in the masseter myofibers. The soft diet treatment induced a 56% decrease in @entity10247 mRNA ( P<0.05), a 21% increase in IGFR2 mRNA ( P<0.01), and a 38% decrease in @entity10251 mRNA ( P<0.01). Immunohistochemical results suggested that these changes at the protein level occurred in the masseter myofibers. No significant or marked difference in the mRNA amount or immunostaining pattern for IGFR1, @entity10246 , @entity10250 , or @entity10252 was found between the soft and hard diet groups. No @entity36628 or @entity10248 mRNA was detected. Thus, @entity7424 , @entity10247 , IGFR2, and @entity10251 seem to play a role in the @entity194 of @entity19 masseter muscle in response to the change from a hard to a soft diet in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner.

title: Change from a hard to soft diet alters the expression of insulin-like growth factors, their receptors, and binding proteins in association with XXXX in adult @entity19 masseter muscle.

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: In the present study, we sought to elucidate the temporal profile of the reaction of microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages in the progression of delayed onset @entity66 after @entity2759 (15 min) in @entity95 . At 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion (9 animals in each), hind limb motor function was assessed, and the lumbar spinal cord was histologically examined. @entity66 was observed in most animals at 48 h after @entity63 , which could be predicted by a poor recovery of segmental spinal cord evoked potentials at 15 min of reperfusion. In the gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord, both microglia and astrocytes were activated early (2 h) after reperfusion. Microglia were diffusely activated and engulfed motor neurons irrespective of the recovery of segmental spinal cord evoked potentials. In contrast, early astrocytic activation was confined to the area where neurons started to show degeneration. Macrophages were first detected at 8 h after reperfusion and mainly surrounded the @entity1188 area later. Although the precise roles of the activation of microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages are to be further determined, the results indicate that understanding functional changes of astrocytes may be important in the mechanism of delayed onset @entity66 including @entity451 . IMPLICATIONS: Microglia and macrophages play a role in removing @entity3145 after transient @entity2759 . Disturbance of astrocytic defense mechanism, breakdown of the blood-spinal cord barrier, or both seemed to be involved in the development of delayed @entity66 .

title: The temporal profile of the reaction of microglia, astrocytes, and macrophages in the delayed onset @entity451 after transient @entity2759 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed motor dysfunction', 'motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue debris']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: The @entity1091 - @entity2134 model reproduces the main characteristics of @entity1 @entity1315 . After @entity159 ( @entity159 ), @entity35 exhibit a latent @entity410 -free phase characterized by development of extensive damage in limbic areas and occurrence of @entity410 . Neuroprotective and antiepileptogenic effects of @entity1771 were investigated in this model. @entity159 was induced in adult male @entity35 by @entity4113 (3 mEq/kg) followed 20 h later by @entity2134 (25 mg/kg). @entity1771 (10, 30, or 60 mg/kg) was injected at 1 and 10 h of @entity159 . Injections were repeated twice a day for six additional days. Another group received two injections of @entity3175 on the day of @entity159 and of vehicle for 6 days. @entity528 was assessed at 14 days after @entity159 by cell counting on @entity10502 -stained sections. Occurrence of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) was videorecorded for 10 h per day in other groups of @entity35 . In @entity3175 -treated @entity35 , the number of neurons was dramatically reduced after @entity159 in all subregions of hippocampus and layers II-IV of ventral cortices. At all doses, @entity1771 induced a 24 to 30% neuroprotection in layer @entity1249 of hippocampus (p < 0.05). In CA3b, the 30-mg/kg dose prevented @entity528 . All @entity35 subjected to @entity159 became @entity302 . The latency (14-17 days) to and frequency of @entity410 were similar in @entity1771 - and @entity3175 -treated @entity35 . The high mortality in the 30 mg/kg @entity1771 group (84%) was possibly the result of interaction between @entity1091 and @entity1771 . In conclusion, @entity1771 displayed neuroprotective properties only in @entity1249 and @entity1251 that were not sufficient to prevent epileptogenesis.

title: Neuroprotective properties of @entity1771 in the @entity1091 - XXXX model of @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'SRS', 'spontaneous recurrent seizures']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate', 'Topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'Neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors associated with @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) following @entity2 . METHODS: The data of 146 @entity1 who underwent @entity2 between August 2010 and July 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Air leaks were assessed daily by a visual evaluation and were categorized as follows: forced expiratory only (Grade 1), expiratory only (Grade 2), or continuous (Grade 3). Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of @entity1162 (>5 days). RESULTS: @entity1162 occurred in 23 @entity1 (16%). An air leak at rest (Grade   >=    2) was detected on postoperative day (POD) 1 in 48% of the @entity1 with @entity1162 and 7% of the @entity1 without @entity1162 . A univariate analysis demonstrated that @entity1162 was significantly associated with male sex, a smoking history of >=    40 pack years, a serum albumin level of <= 4.0  mg/dL, and an air leak on @entity35259 (Grade   >=    2). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that a serum albumin level of <= 4.0  mg/dL (p   =   0.027) and an air leak on @entity35259 (p   =   0.006) were independent predictors of @entity1162 . @entity1162 occurred in 75% of the @entity1 with these two risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative serum albumin level and the presence of a visually evaluated air leak on @entity35259 may be useful indicators for the perioperative management of air leaks.

title: Prolonged air leak following lobectomy can be predicted in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['PAL', 'prolonged air leak']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity5721 ( @entity5721 ) is the leading cause of ARF. A pathophysiologic role of the coagulation system in renal @entity5721 has been established, but the functional relevance of @entity22574 (TM)-dependent @entity10855 ( @entity10855 ) generation and the intracellular targets of @entity10855 remain undefined. Here, we investigated the role of TM-dependent @entity10855 generation and therapeutic @entity10855 application in a @entity19 renal @entity5721 model and in an in vitro @entity519 and reoxygenation (HR) model using proximal tubular cells. In renal @entity5721 , endogenous @entity10855 levels were reduced. Genetic or therapeutic reconstitution of @entity10855 efficiently ameliorated renal @entity5721 independently of its anticoagulant properties. In tubular cells, cytoprotective @entity10855 signaling was mediated through protease activated receptor-1- and endothelial protein C receptor-dependent regulation of the cold-shock protein @entity25906 ( @entity25906 ). The mature 50 kD form of @entity25906 was required for the nephro- and cytoprotective effects of @entity10855 in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Reduction of mature @entity25906 and K48-linked ubiquitination of @entity25906 was prevented by @entity10855 after @entity8 . @entity10855 preserved the interaction of @entity25906 with the deubiquitinating enzyme @entity64376 and maintained expression of @entity64376 , which was required to reduce K48-linked @entity25906 ubiquitination and to stabilize the 50 kD form of @entity25906 after @entity8 . These data link the cyto- and nephroprotective effects of @entity10855 with the ubiquitin-proteasome system and identify @entity25906 as a novel intracellular target of @entity10855 . These insights may provide new impetus for translational efforts aiming to restrict renal @entity5721 .

title: Activated Protein C Ameliorates @entity8 -Reperfusion Injury by Restricting XXXX Ubiquitination.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal IRI or tubular HR injury', 'renal IRI and tubular HR injury']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['IRI', 'Ischemia-reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['activated protein C', 'aPC']

answer: @entity25906 :: (22608(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Y-Box Binding Protein-1']


abstract: A @entity5 of the peripheral nerves can be obscured, especially during the early phase. The authors report a @entity1 with sciatic @entity1822 . The @entity1 's presentation and initial management are unique. A 51-year-old @entity1 with clinical manifestations of @entity1264 reported @entity1183 and @entity425 of the left leg for one and a half years. The symptoms gradually progressed. The symptoms were consistent with @entity5013 . The @entity1 developed foot drop one month before coming to our service. Two episodes of biopsy confirmed @entity1822 . @entity1930 was found intra-operatively, positioned from the upper thigh to the point where the tibial nerve passes beneath the upper margin of the soleus muscle. Surgical resection was done and confirmed the diagnosis. @entity1109 was still intact after resection.

title: XXXX in peripheral nerve: the first case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Decreased sensation']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'nerve leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['A long, large sciatic nerve leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5013 :: ('MESH:D009443', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuritis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: The physiological properties of joint capsule mechanoreceptors in the ankle joint of monoarthritic @entity1573 were studied by recording the electrical activity from single sensory afferent nerve fibres dissected from the parafibular nerve. A monoarticular @entity625 was induced by the intra-articular injection of Freund's complete adjuvant which resulted in an acute inflammatory condition and a very rapid onset of destructive @entity16 . A detailed description of the anatomy in both the normal and @entity2720 was presented. It was considered that by day 3 after adjuvant injection there was a reproducible severe destructive @entity2720 which was of value for investigating the physiological responses of the joint capsule receptors. The majority of receptor units identified were slowly adapting mechanoreceptors which were divided into groups III (CV: 2.5-20 m/sec) and IV (CV: < 2.5 m/sec) units. At least 3 significant differences were observed in the response characteristics of the joint capsule receptors from @entity2720 compared to those receptors found in normal joints. Firstly, there was an increase in receptive field size with 62% of group IV and 80% of group III units having large receptive fields. Secondly, there was a decrease in response threshold to mechanical stimulation of the joint capsule. Thirdly, a higher proportion of units responded to joint movement in the @entity2720 . These changes in sensitivity of the joint capsule receptors showed some similarities to @entity1753 models in the @entity35 and provide peripheral neural evidence for the possible painful consequences of the inflammatory @entity2720 found in @entity1573 .

title: Sensory properties of ankle joint capsule mechanoreceptors in acute monoarthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['adjuvant arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathies', 'arthritic joints', 'arthropathy']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To elucidate the effect of size on the @entity358 of single-wall @entity505 nanotubes (SWCNTs), we prepared two types of dispersed SWCNTs, namely relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes ( @entity63783 ) and thick bundles with long linear shapes ( @entity63784 ), and conducted @entity35 intratracheal instillation tests and in vitro cell-based assays using NR8383 @entity35 alveolar macrophages. Total protein levels, @entity9269 expression, cell counts in BALF, and histopathological examinations revealed that @entity63783 caused @entity55 and slower recovery and that @entity63784 elicited @entity55 shortly after their instillation. Comprehensive gene expression analysis confirmed that @entity63783 -induced genes were strongly associated with inflammatory responses, cell proliferation, and immune system processes at 7 or 30   d post-instillation. Numerous genes were significantly upregulated or downregulated by @entity63784 at 1   d post-instillation. In vitro assays demonstrated that @entity63783 and @entity63784 SWCNTs were phagocytized by @entity35 cells. @entity63784 treatment induced cell growth inhibition, reactive @entity26 species production, @entity9269 expression, and several genes involved in response to stimulus, whereas @entity63783 treatment did not exert a significant impact in these regards. These results suggest that SWCNTs formed as relatively thin bundles with short linear shapes elicited delayed @entity55 with slower recovery. In contrast, SWCNTs with a relatively thick bundle and long linear shapes sensitively induced cellular responses in alveolar macrophages and elicited @entity55 shortly after inhalation. We conclude that the @entity358 of SWCNTs is closely associated with the size of the bundles. These physical parameters are useful for risk assessment and management of SWCNTs.

title: Size effects of single-walled XXXX nanotubes on in vivo and in vitro @entity358 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'acute lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: CONTEXT: It is not exactly known when @entity1 with @entity2012 should be evaluated for cure after transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TA). OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to define the optimal time point of postoperative evaluation by serial measurements of @entity413 -suppressed GH levels [oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT)] and the GH-dependent parameters @entity442 , free @entity442 , @entity2777 ( @entity2777 ), and @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ). DESIGN: We describe a prospective study with 1-yr follow-up. SETTING: The study was conducted at a university hospital. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 with @entity2012 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were OGTT results at 1, 2, 3, 8, and 12 wk after TA; weekly measured GH, (free) @entity442 , @entity2777 , and @entity9045 levels up to 12 wk; and total @entity442 levels measured at 52 wk. RESULTS: Postoperatively, nine @entity1 were in remission with an OGTT GH nadir of less than 0.5 microg/liter and normalized @entity442 levels, whereas eight @entity1 had persistent @entity2012 . In both cured and noncured @entity1 , OGTT results at 1 wk after TA were highly reproducible over time. In contrast, early postoperative @entity442 levels fluctuated and only stabilized at 12 wk. In all cured @entity1 , free @entity442 levels rapidly normalized within 2 wk after TA (specificity, 100%). @entity2777 levels were elevated in all @entity1 and normalized only in the cured @entity1 after TA (specificity, 89%). Preoperative @entity9045 levels were low and increased from 2 wk after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: We show that in the postoperative evaluation of @entity1 with @entity2012 , already 1 wk after surgery, an OGTT using 0.5 microg as the GH nadir cutoff value has a high predictive value for cure, whereas early @entity442 levels show varying patterns toward stabilization. Therefore, @entity442 should be measured as a predictive parameter not within 3 months after surgery. Free @entity442 and @entity2777 levels may have an additional value in the postoperative assessment of disease activity.

title: Postoperative evaluation of @entity1 with XXXX : clinical significance and timing of oral @entity413 tolerance testing and measurement of (free) insulin-like growth factor I, acid-labile subunit, and growth hormone-binding protein levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['acid labile subunit', 'ALS', 'Preoperative ALS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['GH-binding protein', 'GHBP']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 ( @entity302 ) surgery is a recent advance in minimally invasive surgical techniques. From May 2011 to August 2012, 77 @entity1 underwent primary @entity302 surgery for @entity694 by one colorectal surgeon. Among them, 61 @entity1 were one-to-one-matched to control @entity1 who had undergone conventional laparoscopic (CL) surgery with a propensity-matched score, and the outcomes were compared. Two hundred forty-seven @entity1 with @entity694 underwent radical colectomy. Of these, 77 @entity1 underwent @entity302 colectomy. After matching, there were no significant differences in the general characteristics between the @entity1 undergoing the two types of surgery. Operation time was significantly longer in @entity302 surgery (139 vs 121 minutes, P = 0.001), but procedure time (107 vs 99 minutes, P = 0.069) was not significantly longer than CL surgery after eliminating closure time (31 vs 22 minutes, P < 0.001) from the operation time. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (3.3 vs 1.6%, P = 1.000). The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 23 and 22 for @entity302 and CL surgery, respectively (P = 0.332). The mean follow-up period was 15.7 for the @entity302 group and 21.4 months for the CL group (P < 0.001) with two recurrences in the @entity302 group (3.3%) and three recurrences in the CL group (4.9%, P = 1.000). Disease-free survival at 20 months did not differ significantly between the two groups (93.3 vs 94.7%, P = 0.939). @entity302 for @entity694 can be safely applied for various types of operations and can provide equivalent oncologic resection and perioperative outcomes compared with CL surgery.

title: Perioperative and Oncologic Outcomes of Single-incision Laparoscopy Compared with Conventional Laparoscopy for XXXX : An Observational Propensity Score-matched Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SIL', 'Single-incision laparoscopic']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The GABAergic system plays an important role in modulating levels of @entity148 . When transplanted into the brain, precursor cells from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) have the ability to differentiate into GABAergic interneurons and modify the inhibitory tone in the host brain. Currently, two methods have been reported for obtaining MGE precursor cells for transplantation: fresh and neurosphere dissociated cells. Here, we investigated the effects generated by transplantation of the two types of cell preparations on @entity146 in @entity35 . RESULTS: We transplanted freshly dissociated or neurosphere dissociated cells into the neonate brain of male @entity35 on @entity16843 ( @entity16843 ) day 2-3. At early adulthood ( @entity16843 62-63), transplanted animals were tested in the Elevated Plus Maze (EPM). To verify the differentiation and migration pattern of the transplanted cells in vitro and in vivo, we performed immunohistochemistry for GFP and several interneuron-specific markers: @entity10969 ( @entity10969 ), @entity7053 ( @entity7053 ) and calretinin (CR). Cells from both types of preparations expressed these interneuronal markers. However, an anxiolytic effect on behavior in the EPM was observed in animals that received the MGE-derived freshly dissociated cells but not in those that received the neurosphere dissociated cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a long-lasting anxiolytic effect of transplanted freshly dissociated cells that reinforces the inhibitory function of the GABAergic neuronal circuitry in the hippocampus related to @entity148 -like behavior in @entity35 .

title: Long-lasting anxiolytic effect of neural precursor cells freshly prepared but not neurosphere-derived cell transplantation in newborn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety behavior']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity933 is an acute, transient @entity73 and consciousness with fluctuating intensity. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and the risk factors for @entity933 in the first days after @entity64 onset. @entity1 AND METHODS: We assessed @entity933 prospectively in a sample of 218 consecutive @entity1 (mean age 57 years) with an acute (</= 4 days) @entity64 (28 subarachnoid @entity548 , 48 @entity1779 , 142 @entity385 ) and in a control group of 50 @entity1 with @entity1187 with the @entity933 Rating Scale (DRS) (cut-off score >/= 10). RESULTS: 29 (13%) @entity64 @entity1 (mean DRS score = 13.2, SD = 2.3) and only one (2 %) acute coronary @entity1 had @entity933 (chi(2) = 5.2, p = 0.02). In nine @entity1 @entity933 was secondary to @entity64 without any additional cause, in 10 @entity1 there were also medical complications and in the remaining 10 there were multiple potential causes for @entity933 . @entity933 was more frequent after hemispherical than after brainstem/cerebellum strokes (p = 0.02). No other statistically significant associations with @entity64 locations were found. Medical complications (OR = 4.3; 95% CI = 1.8 to 10.2), neglect (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.3 to 9.2), @entity1779 (OR = 3.1; 95% CI = 1.3 to 7.5) and age >/= 65 (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.0 to 5.8) were independent factors to the development of @entity933 in @entity64 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity933 was more frequent in @entity64 than in coronary acute @entity1 . Among @entity64 @entity1 , @entity933 was most frequent in older @entity1 , in those with neglect, with medical complications and with @entity1779 . These findings indicated that @entity933 in @entity64 @entity1 1) is not a non-specific consequence of @entity697 and hospitalisation and 2) is secondary to hemisphere @entity75 and to @entity209 due to medical complications.

title: @entity933 in the first days of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of cognition']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhages', 'intracerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarcts']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ability of specific histopathological features to predict mortality or lung transplant in chronic @entity56 @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: @entity1 with chronic @entity56 diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy were identified from an ongoing longitudinal cohort. The surgical lung biopsy slides were evaluated prospectively by an experienced @entity1514 pathologist using a standardized checklist to differentiate the major pathologic patterns and score the presence of specific histopathological features. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify independent predictors of transplant-free survival, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to visualize outcomes. RESULTS: 119 @entity1 were identified. @entity1 with fibrotic non-specific @entity401 (f-NSIP) pattern, bronchiolocentric @entity82 (BF) pattern or @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) pattern had significantly worse transplant-free survival than those with cellular NSIP (c-NSIP) pattern or peribronchiolar inflammation with poorly formed granulomas (PI-PFG) pattern. No survival difference among @entity1 with f-NSIP pattern, BF pattern or @entity2416 pattern was found. Fibroblastic foci were identified in a subset of biopsies from all pathological patterns. Peribronchiolar @entity82 was noted in all @entity2416 cases. Independent predictors of time to @entity204 or transplant included the presence of fibroblast foci or dense collagen @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologic patterns of c-NSIP and PI-PFG had a better transplant-free survival than @entity2416 , f-NSIP and BF patterns. Presence of fibroblast foci or dense collagen @entity82 correlated with progression to @entity204 or lung transplantation. Identification of fibroblast foci on biopsies, regardless of the underlying histopathologic pattern, may be a clinically useful predictor of survival in @entity4306 @entity1 .

title: Pathological Findings and Prognosis in a Large Prospective Cohort of Chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis']


abstract: 1 The principal aim of the present study was to determine whether long-term treatment of @entity1 lung mast cells (HLMC) with the clinically-relevant @entity2162 agonists, @entity3045 and @entity4183 , leads to desensitization of @entity2162 -mediated responses in these cells. 2 The non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity3044 , and the selective @entity2162 agonists, @entity3045 and @entity4183 , inhibited the IgE-mediated release of @entity112 from HLMC. @entity3045 (pD(2); 7.7+/-0.3) and @entity4183 (pD(2); 7.3+/-0.2) were roughly equipotent as inhibitors of @entity112 release although both agonists were less potent than @entity3044 (pD(2); 8.6+/-0.2). 3 @entity3044 (10(-5) M), @entity3045 (10(-5) M) and @entity4183 (10(-5) M) enhanced total cell @entity268 levels in HLMC over basal by 361+/-90, 150+/-38 and 165+/-35%, respectively. 4 Long-term exposure (24 h) of HLMC to either @entity3045 (10(-7) M) or @entity4183 (10(-7) M) led to a subsequent reduction in the effectiveness of @entity3045 and @entity4183 (both 10(-9)-10(-4) M) to inhibit @entity112 release. However, @entity3045 was significantly (P<0.05) more effective than @entity4183 at promoting the functional desensitization. 5 Radioligand binding studies, using iodinated @entity30828 , were performed to determine @entity2162 density in cell membranes after pretreatment (24 h) of cells with either @entity3045 (10(-6) M) or @entity4183 (10(-6) M). Both agonists reduced @entity2162 density in membranes to about the same extent (approximately 25% reduction) but these changes in receptor density were not statistically significant (P>0.05). 6 These data indicate that long-term exposure of mast cells to @entity3045 causes greater levels of desensitization to @entity2162 -mediated responses in HLMC than @entity4183 . These findings may have wider clinical significance in the context of asthma treatment as compromised mast cell inhibition could result following long-term exposure of mast cells to short-acting bronchodilators.

title: Desensitization of XXXX -mediated responses by short-acting @entity2162 agonists in @entity1 lung mast cells.

entities_list: @entity30828 :: ('MESH:C047975', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanopindolol']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol', 'Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline', 'isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta2-adrenoceptor']


abstract: Quantitative @entity844 signature analysis has become an important method of diet estimation in ecology, especially marine ecology. Controlled feeding trials to validate the method and estimate the calibration coefficients necessary to account for differential metabolism of individual @entity1718 have been conducted with several species from diverse taxa. However, research into potential refinements of the estimation method has been limited. We compared the performance of the original method of estimating diet composition with that of five variants based on different combinations of distance measures and calibration-coefficient transformations between prey and predator @entity844 signature spaces. @entity844 signatures of pseudopredators were constructed using known diet mixtures of two prey data sets previously used to estimate the diets of @entity8417 @entity8417 and @entity19694 @entity19694 , and their diets were then estimated using all six variants. In addition, previously published diets of Chukchi Sea @entity8417 were re-estimated using all six methods. Our findings reveal that the selection of an estimation method can meaningfully influence estimates of diet composition. Among the pseudopredator results, which allowed evaluation of bias and precision, differences in estimator performance were rarely large, and no one estimator was universally preferred, although estimators based on the Aitchison distance measure tended to have modestly superior properties compared to estimators based on the Kullback-Leibler distance measure. However, greater differences were observed among estimated @entity8417 diets, most likely due to differential estimator sensitivity to assumption violations. Our results, particularly the @entity8417 example, suggest that additional research into estimator performance and model diagnostics is warranted.

title: Distance measures and optimization spaces in quantitative XXXX signature analysis.

entities_list: @entity19694 :: ('9711', 'Species') :: ['gray seals', 'Halichoerus grypus']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8417 :: ('29073', 'Species') :: ['Ursus maritimus', 'polar bears', 'polar bear']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that a @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) severity score (PDAsc) incorporating markers of @entity358 and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function can predict @entity1030 or @entity204 before discharge (CLD/ @entity204 ). STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted for @entity1 <29  weeks gestation. An echocardiogram was carried out on day 2 to measure @entity2461 diameter and maximum flow velocity, LV output, diastolic flow in the descending aorta and celiac trunk, and variables of LV function using tissue Doppler imaging. Predictors of CLD/ @entity204 were identified using logistic regression methods. A PDAsc was created and a receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess its ability to predict CLD/ @entity204 . RESULTS: We studied 141 @entity1 at a mean (SD) gestation and birthweight of 26 (1.4) weeks and 952 (235) g, respectively. Five variables were identified that were independently associated with CLD/ @entity204 (gestation at birth, @entity2461 diameter, maximum flow velocity, LV output, and LV a' wave). The PDAsc had a range from 0 (low risk) to 13 (high risk). @entity1 who developed CLD/ @entity204 had a higher score than those who did not (7.3 [1.8] vs 3.8 [2.0], P  <  .001). PDAsc had an area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI 0.86-0.97, P  <  .001) for the ability to predict CLD/ @entity204 . A PDAsc cut-off of 5 has sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 87%, and positive and negative predictive values of 92% and 82%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A PDAsc on day 2 can predict the later occurrence of CLD/ @entity204 further highlighting the association between @entity2461 significance and morbidity.

title: A Patent @entity2461 Severity Score Predicts XXXX or Death before Discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary overcirculation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['Chronic Lung Disease']


abstract: Contact @entity1066 and @entity738 is an etiologically multifactorial chronic @entity32 . Besides mechanical laryngeal factors, gastrointestinal and psychosomatic aspects of pathogenesis have been suggested. 51 @entity1 suffering from contact @entity1066 or @entity738 underwent laryngologic and phoniatric examination. In addition, a questionnaire asking for symptoms and habits (smoking, @entity167 ) was completed by each @entity1 . Subsequent to completing the treatment course, the @entity1 were re-examined. Each @entity1 was examined several times and the success of 6 therapeutic strategies was compared. 49 @entity1 were male and almost 70% complained of private or professional stress. Since only 8% were smokers, smoking habits do not play a pathogenetic role. Drinking habits are also not a significant factor. A striking therapeutic result observed by us was complete remission in more than 80% of @entity1 who had received an acid-inhibiting agent as monotherapy. The remission was higher in this group than in @entity1 treated by logopedic therapy. In case of carcinophobia or if @entity5 could not be excluded by laryngoscopy and stroboscopy, @entity738 were removed surgically. More than 90% of these @entity1 suffered from recurrence unless voice therapy was directly performed. On the other hand, antacid therapy yielded excellent results in @entity1 suffering from recurrent @entity738 or @entity1066 after surgery. We conclude that peptic diseases of stomach and oesophagus play an important role in the pathogenesis of contact @entity1066 and @entity738 and recommend routine interviews and internal examination of @entity1 . Antacid therapy should be firmly installed in the therapeutic strategy against contact @entity1066 .

title: [Pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of contact XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease of the larynx']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granuloma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 370 Background: Transcriptional inactivation and CGI methylation of @entity62986 has been reported to be involved in @entity189 , @entity788 , @entity356 . A recent study demonstrated that a loss of @entity9388 expression due to partially methylation silencing in several @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 . We quantitatively investigated @entity62986 CGI methylation in @entity1358 and analyzed its association with clinical characteristics as well as progression free survival of @entity1 . METHODS: Methylation data were obtained from a quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assay (QMSP) for both genes. We investigated 108 @entity1358 and 77 paired tissue samples as well as six @entity1358 cell lines. Statistical analyses were carried out using the paired t-test for matched @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and adjacent normal (adN) samples, logistic regression for comparisons of independent samples and cox regression for survival analysis. RESULTS: In paired samples we found a significant higher methylation in @entity5 compared to adN for @entity9388 (P=0.007) and for @entity37760 (P=3.6*10(-9)) for all RCCs. @entity37760 showed also strong correlations between methylation and status of @entity3 (P=0.05) and advanced (pT>= 3 and/or N+, M+) @entity5 samples compared to localized (pT<= 2, N0, M0) @entity5 (P=4.7*10(-9)). A decreased progression free survival in cox proportional hazard model analysis could be demonstrated for @entity1 with a high @entity37760 methylation (P=0.0006, HR=6.5) and a trend could also be seen for @entity9388 methylated @entity1 (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: @entity62986 were identified to demonstrate @entity5 -specific CGI hypermethylation in @entity1358 @entity1 . The association of @entity37760 CGI methylation with @entity3 , advanced disease and progression free survival of @entity1 indicates that epigenetic alterations of both genes are involved in renal cell carcinogenesis. @entity37760 methylation could serve as a biomarker for @entity5 progression. Further prospective and functional investigations are necessary to clarify whether CGI methylation of GATA family members can provide independent information for future clinical management of @entity1 with @entity1358 .

title: CpG-island methylation of GATA-family members @entity9388 and @entity37760 in XXXX and association with clinicopathological parameters and progression-free survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TU', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and gastric carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The study investigated @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and heart rate (HR) responses during a cued @entity137 ( @entity137 ) task in @entity1 with @entity239 ( @entity239 ). @entity450 velocities in the middle (MCA) and anterior (ACA) cerebral arteries of both hemispheres were recorded in 46 @entity1 and 32 healthy control @entity1 using functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD). @entity1 exhibited markedly longer @entity137 than healthy @entity1 . Group differences in @entity450 responses were mainly observed for both ACAs, with greater right hemispherical increases but lower left hemispherical increases in @entity239 @entity1 than in healthy @entity1 . HR deceleration around the imperative stimulus was more pronounced in healthy @entity1 . @entity137 was inversely related to increases in @entity450 in both right arteries and in the left ACA in the @entity239 group, but was positively associated with @entity450 responses in all four arteries in healthy @entity1 . The magnitude of task-induced HR deceleration correlated negatively with @entity137 in both groups. @entity1 ' clinical @entity158 severity was positively associated with @entity137 and @entity450 responses; trait @entity148 and @entity22 were secondary negative predictors of @entity450 responses. The study provided evidence of a @entity71 in @entity239 at behavioral, @entity450 , and autonomic levels. These results may be interpreted in terms of the neural efficiency hypothesis of intelligence (i.e., less efficient brain activation during cognition in @entity239 ) and the interfering effect of clinical factors on cognition. Clinical factors such as @entity158 , @entity25 can affect cognition in @entity239 by interfering with @entity450 adjustment to cognitive demands.

title: Reaction time, @entity450 , and heart rate responses in XXXX : Evidence of alterations in attentional control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['reaction time', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit in the alertness component of attention']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral blood flow', 'CBF']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety, and sleep disturbances']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']