abstract: This study investigated whether a correlation between leukocyte-derived elastolytic activity, alveolar epithelial type-1 cell damage, and leukocyte infiltration of the airways existed in @entity840 chronically exposed to inhaled lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The airway pathology of this model, notably the @entity4795 , resembles @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). The effect of the corticosteroid, @entity619 , or the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4)-inhibitor, @entity7428 , on these features was studied. Conscious @entity840 were exposed for 1 h to single or repeated (nine) doses of LPS (30 microg ml(-1)). @entity619 (20 mg kg(-1), ip) or @entity7428 (1 mg kg(-1), ip) was administered 24 and 0.5 h before the first exposure and daily thereafter. @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) was removed and elastolytic activity determined as the elastase-like release of Congo Red from impregnated elastin. The presence of the specific epithelial cell type-1 protein (40-42 kDa) RT1(40) in @entity5173 was identified by Western blotting using a rat monoclonal antibody and semi-quantified by dot-blot analysis. The antibody was found to identify @entity840 RT1(40). @entity5173 inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils and macrophages, and elastolytic activity were increased in chronic LPS-exposed @entity840 , the latter by 90%. @entity102 also increased (10.5-fold) RT1(40) levels, indicating significant alveolar epithelial type-1 cell damage. @entity619 or @entity7428 treatment reduced the influx of inflammatory cells, the elastolytic activity (by 40% and 38%, respectively), and RT1(40) levels (by 50% and 57%, respectively). In conclusion, chronic LPS-exposed @entity840 , like @entity1030 , exhibit @entity358 . This was prevented by a PDE4 inhibitor and supports their development for suppressing this leukocyte-mediated pathology.

title: Elastolytic activity and alveolar epithelial type-1 cell damage after chronic LPS inhalation: effects of XXXX and @entity7428 .

entities_list: @entity7428 :: ('MESH:D020889', 'Chemical') :: ['rolipram']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic LPS exposure']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid', 'BALF']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['elastolytic lung damage']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: AIM: We statistically investigated whether the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on @entity432 would be different from that on arterial wall thickness. METHODS: We analyzed 1648 Japanese type 2 @entity6 @entity1 . Arterial stiffness was evaluated by pulse wave verbosity ( @entity122 ) and wall thickness was assessed with carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) by ultrasonography. We developed a common regression model to @entity122 and @entity121 by extending the linear mixed model and statistically detected the difference in the impact of cardiovascular risk factors between the two indices. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between @entity122 and @entity121 (r=0.365, p   0.001). Sex, @entity6 duration, hemoglobin A1c levels, and the presence of @entity989 and @entity65 were comparable independent risk factors for elevated @entity122 and @entity121 . On the other hand, the impact of age, systolic blood pressure, and low- and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels were significantly different between the two measurements (all p   0.05). @entity165 levels were significantly associated with @entity121 but not with @entity122 . Age and systolic blood pressure had a significant impact on both measurements, but the impact on @entity122 was significantly greater than that on @entity121 . Indeed, @entity1 with low @entity121 but with advanced age and high systolic pressure had high @entity122 , whereas @entity1 with low @entity122 but with impaired @entity165 levels had high @entity121 . CONCLUSION: The extended linear mixed model statistically confirmed that the impact of cardiovascular risk factors on elevated @entity122 and @entity121 were not identical in Japanese @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Different Impacts of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Arterial Stiffness versus Arterial Wall Thickness in Japanese XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 without a meal in @entity479 -refractory @entity31 ( @entity31 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Between May 2010 and August 2012, 49 @entity479 -refractory @entity31 @entity1 (55 flare-ups) were consecutively enrolled. All @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1140 without a meal at an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg per day. The dose was adjusted to maintain trough whole-blood levels of 10-15 ng/mL for the first 2 wk. Induction of remission at 2 and 4 wk after @entity1140 treatment initiation was evaluated using Lichtiger's clinical activity index (CAI). RESULTS: The mean CAI was 12.6    3.6 at onset. Within the first 7 d, 93.5% of @entity1 maintained high trough levels (10-15 ng/mL). The CAI significantly decreased beginning 2 d after treatment initiation. At 2 wk, 73.1% of @entity1 experienced clinical responses. After @entity1140 initiation, 31.4% and 75.6% of @entity1 achieved clinical remission at 2 and 4 wk, respectively. Treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 shortened the time to achievement of appropriate trough levels and demonstrated a high remission rate 28 d after treatment initiation. Rapid induction therapy with oral @entity1140 appears to be a useful therapy for the treatment of refractory @entity31 .

title: Effects of oral XXXX as a rapid induction therapy in @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) have been used as traditional Chinese medicine for their properties of @entity5 prevention and immunomodulation. However, it is unclear whether @entity16290 has therapeutic effect on @entity157 ( @entity157 ) in vivo. In this study, the effect of @entity16290 and their impact on the balance of regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T cell (Teff) was measured in a model of @entity157 -bearing @entity19 . METHODS: The effect of @entity16290 and their impact on the balance of regulatory T cell (Treg) and effector T cell (Teff) were measured in a model of @entity157 -bearing @entity19 . Real-time PCR detected the levels of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNA. The effects of Tregs on Teff proliferation were determined via suppression assay. The mircroRNA-125b (miR-125b) inhibitor was used to down-regulate miR-125b expression. RESULTS: @entity16290 significantly suppressed @entity5 growth in @entity157 -bearing @entity19 associated with an increase of the ratio of Teffs to Tregs. Moreover, @entity16290 eliminate Treg suppression of Teff proliferation with an increase in @entity2047 secretion. Addition of @entity16290 to treat T cells inhibited @entity5234 and @entity3744 expression through increase of miR-125b expression. In @entity157 -bearing @entity19 , miR-125b inhibitor obviously abolished the effect of @entity16290 on @entity5 growth. CONCLUSIONS: This finding provides the novel evidence for @entity16290 on inhibition of @entity157 through miR-125b inhibiting Tregs accumulation and function.

title: Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide extract inhibits XXXX growth by downregulating regulatory T cells accumulation and function by inducing microRNA-125b.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides', 'GLPS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'anti-hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Somatic mutations of genes codifying for key regulatory proteins are the cause of different types of hormone-secreting @entity652 . Natriuretic peptides (NP) are the strongest inhibitors of @entity1369 secretion but @entity1369 -secreting @entity652 (aldosteronomas) are resistant to this inhibition and have reduced binding sites for NPs. The objective of this study was to sequence the entire coding region of the @entity13380 ( @entity13380 , codified by the @entity13380 gene) to find loss-of-function somatic mutations. Total RNA was extracted from eight aldosteronomas and cDNA was synthesized. @entity13380 mRNA expression was evaluated by Northern blot analysis and compared with @entity217 mRNA as the housekeeping gene. Twelve primer couples were designed on the basis of the @entity13380 gene organization to amplify, by PCR, all 22 coding exons of the gene. The two strands of amplified DNAs were purified and directly sequenced by automated capillary sequencer. @entity13380 mRNA expression did not differ among aldosteronomas. @entity13380 open reading frame sequences obtained from eight aldosteronomas did not contain any mutation. The coding sequences of all 22 exons were identical in all samples and identical to published sequences. In the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) a new length difference 3C/4C polymorphism was found at position 15 129 (three @entity652 were 3C/4C and two were 3C/3C). Such a 3C/4C polymorphism was present in genomic DNA from 80 control subjects (25, 4C/4C; 40, 3C/4C; 15, 3C/3C). Mutations in the coding exons of the @entity13380 gene do not appear to be a common cause of aldosteronomas. Moreover, the exons of @entity13380 encoding for the translated portion of mRNA do not appear to be prone to polymorphisms. The polymorphism identified in the 3'-UTR might affect mRNA stability resulting in lower receptor synthesis, but it is not likely to confer a predisposition to the development of aldosteronomas.

title: Absence of somatic mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor type A gene in human XXXX -secreting @entity652 .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity13380 :: ('4881', 'Gene') :: ['Npr1', 'NP receptor type A', 'NPRA']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

answer: @entity1369 :: (MESH:D000450,Chemical) :: ['aldosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Confident determination of adequate residual parathyroid function early after thyroid surgery could facilitate the discharge of @entity1 soon after their operation without the need for subsequent serum @entity460 monitoring and/or @entity460 and @entity560 supplementation. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 who underwent 33 thyroid operations (22 unilateral lobectomies and 11 bilateral thyroid resections) were prospectively studied. @entity6685 ( @entity461 ) levels were measured intraoperatively, and serum @entity460 was monitored before and after surgery to determine @entity461 and @entity460 homeostatic response to thyroid surgery. RESULTS: A significant decrease in circulating @entity461 occurred during 27 procedures, most markedly after specimen mobilization. Intraoperative @entity461 and postoperative @entity460 levels were lowest in those who underwent bilateral operations. @entity1 who underwent unilateral procedures experienced significant decreases in @entity461 but not postoperative @entity460 levels. A @entity461 level >50% of baseline predicted normocalcemia by postoperative day 3. However, @entity461 level did not accurately triage other @entity1 ' risk for postoperative @entity3747 . CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in @entity461 levels intraoperatively is a common event during both unilateral and bilateral thyroid operations. Although normal @entity461 levels at the end of surgery ensure normocalcemia after surgery, @entity1 with low final @entity461 measurements may not develop significant @entity3747 after surgery.

title: XXXX response to thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['Parathormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity6685 :: (MESH:D010281,Chemical) :: ['Parathormone']


abstract: The authors retrospectively analyzed 103 @entity1 to investigate the value of examination of @entity3521 with biopsies as a staging procedure in @entity1 with @entity1893 . Twenty-three @entity1 had clinical involvement of @entity3521 . In 55 of 80 remaining @entity1 , this staging procedure was performed but positive biopsy specimens were found only in @entity1 with @entity1442 . No correlation was found between positive biopsy specimens and the histologic subtype. No positive biopsy specimens of @entity3521 were obtained in @entity1 with @entity3799 without clinical involvement of the nasopharynx and in @entity1 with @entity706 of the gastrointestinal tract. Blind biopsies of @entity3521 as a staging procedure proved to be of no value in the @entity1 . The results of therapy in 23 @entity1 with involvement of @entity3521 were good. Unfavorable histologic subtypes (intermediate or high-grade @entity5 ) were predominant (91%). Eighteen of 22 @entity1 (82%) achieved complete remission, with a relapse-free survival rate at 60 months of 95%. For the whole group of @entity1 , the actuarial survival rate at 72 months was 71%.

title: @entity1893 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['localized lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ["Waldeyer's ring"]

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity3521 :: (MESH:D012303,Disease) :: ['Waldeyer's ring']


abstract: It is well established that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3b in the young adult myocardium protects against @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury through inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening. Here, we investigated age-associated differences in the ability of @entity9096 inhibitor [ @entity25650 (SB)] to protect the heart and to modulate mPTP opening during I/R injury. Fischer 344 male @entity35 were assigned from their respective young or old age groups. Animals were subjected to 30 min @entity63 following 120 min reperfusion to determine @entity583 ( @entity583 ) size in vivo. Ischemic tissues were collected 10 min after reperfusion for @entity2125 ( @entity2125 ) measurements and immunoblotting. In parallel experiments, ventricular myocytes isolated from young or old @entity35 were exposed to oxidative stress through generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS), and mPTP opening times were measured by using confocal microscopy. Our results showed that SB decreased @entity583 in young SB-treated @entity35 compared with young untreated I/R animals, whereas SB failed to significantly affect @entity583 in the old animals. SB also significantly increased @entity9096 phosphorylation in young @entity35 , but phosphorylation levels were already highly elevated in old control groups. There were no significant differences observed between SB-treated and untreated old animals. @entity2125 levels were better maintained in young SB-treated animals compared with the young untreated group during I/R, but this relative improvement was not observed in old animals. SB also significantly prolonged the time to mPTP opening induced by ROS in young cardiomyocytes, but not in aged cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that this @entity9096 inhibitor fails to protect the aged myocardium in response to I/R injury or prevent mPTP opening following a rise in ROS and suggest that healthy aging alters mPTP regulation by @entity9096 .

title: Cardioprotection of the aged @entity35 heart by XXXX inhibitor is attenuated: age-related changes in mitochondrial permeability transition pore modulation.

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide', 'NAD(+)']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity9096 :: (84027(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GSK-3beta']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate safety and efficacy of @entity2239 with @entity205 ( @entity870 ) in de novo renal transplant recipients. The immunosuppressive regimen, including basiliximab, @entity2239 (3 mg), and low-dose @entity870 , was administered to 17 @entity1 , of whom 15 were part of a multicenter randomized study that stipulated cessation of @entity230 at 7 days posttransplantation in 5 recipients. Five @entity1 underwent dialysis after transplantation for delayed graft function (DGF; 29%), all of whom showed a good recovery within 3 weeks. The mean follow-up was 45.7 months (SD +/- 13). The 1-year graft survival was 100%. We observed one acute rejection episode. No @entity1 experienced a @entity2803 . Increased @entity165 and @entity412 levels were reported in almost all @entity1 . Severe @entity4841 (n = 3) was treated by @entity2239 dose reduction to maintain trough levels at 3 ng/mL. We noted a high rate of switch to @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) throughout follow-up (n = 7), due to @entity2239 -induced side effects. However, we did not observe normalization of lipids after the switch: @entity1 always required stain treatment, resulting in slightly lower serum @entity165 and @entity1674 . @entity2239 plus @entity870 was effective to prevent acute rejection after kidney transplantation. To manage the induced side effects of the drugs C(2) monitoring is mandatory, targeting 350 ng/mL during 1 year and 200 to 250 ng/mL thereafter. Careful reduction of @entity2239 trough levels to 3 ng/mL is recommended for @entity1 with @entity4841 .

title: Long-term results of kidney transplantation with @entity205 - and XXXX -based immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Repair of the torn @entity717 cuff tendon is a common procedure performed in the shoulder. In the clinical setting, a significant delay between @entity717 cuff tear and subsequent repair often exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical properties and bone density of the tendon to bone repair site after acute and delayed repair. METHODS: The supraspinatus tendons in bilateral shoulders of 60 @entity35 were transected from the bone. In the acute group, the tendons were immediately repaired with suture. In the delayed group, the tendons were allowed to retract and repaired in a second procedure after a 3-week delay. Cross sectional area and biomechanical properties were evaluated. Bone density of the humeral head was assessed using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Histologic sections were obtained and examined. RESULTS: At 10 days the repair tissue displayed vascular and fibroblast proliferation accompanied by predominantly mononuclear infiltrate. At 28 days the inflammatory process gradually decreased. No significant histologic differences were noted between the acute and delayed repair specimens. Cross-sectional area was higher in the delayed group at the early time points (44% at 10 days and 31% at 28 days). Viscoelastic properties were greater in the acute group at the early time points and significantly less at the latest time point, compared to the delayed group. Bone density was markedly decreased (8% and 12%, 28 and 56 days respectively) in the delay group. DISCUSSION: Inferior @entity717 cuff healing was demonstrated when there was a delay between @entity130 . Viscoelastic properties of the acute repairs were increased compared to the delayed group at 10 days, indicating tendon stiffening during the 3-week delay before repair. Viscoelastic properties of the acute repairs were decreased compared to the delayed group at 56 days indicating deterioration of properties over time in the delayed group. The deterioration in properties in the delayed group coincide with bone density decreases in the greater tuberosity. These results indicate that @entity604 may a significant factor in poor healing.

title: Delayed repair of tendon to bone injuries leads to decreased biomechanical properties and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and repair']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The soluble form of @entity2290 was evaluated as an early prognostic marker of @entity295 in @entity1 with suspected @entity281 . DESIGN: A single-centre prospective cohort study. METHODS: The cohort comprised 539 @entity1 in the emergency department with suspected @entity281 : 59 without @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and without @entity2348 (group 1), 68 with @entity2348 and without @entity1850 (group 2), 54 with @entity1850 and without @entity2348 (group 3), 309 with @entity295 ( @entity1850 and @entity2348 ) and without organ failure (group 4) and 49 with severe @entity295 ( @entity1850 , @entity881 ) (group 5). suPAR was measured on admission using a commercial solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: The median soluble form of the receptor (suPAR) concentrations in groups 1-5 were 4.7, 5.0, 4.4, 4.8 and 7.9 ng mL(-1) , respectively (P < 0.001). The levels were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (8.3 vs. 4.9 ng mL(-1) , P < 0.001) and in @entity1 with severe @entity295 (group 5) compared with those in the other groups (7.9 vs. 4.8 ng mL(-1) , P < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC(ROC) ) for the prediction of case @entity3329 was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.86, P < 0.0001) and 0.75 for severe @entity295 (95% CI: 0.68-0.81, P < 0.0001). At a cut-off level of 6.4 ng mL(-1) , suPAR had 76% sensitivity and 69% specificity for fatal disease; at a cut-off level of 6.6 ng mL(-1) , the sensitivity and specificity for severe @entity295 were 67% and 72%, respectively. In multivariate models, high suPAR remained an independent predictor of case @entity3329 and severe @entity295 after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS: A high suPAR level predicts case @entity3329 and severe @entity295 in @entity1 with suspected @entity281 .

title: Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in @entity1 with suspected XXXX in the emergency room: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection and organ failure']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase-type plasminogen activator (suPAR)']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcriptional profiling after herbivore attack reveals, at the molecular level, how plants respond to this type of biotic stress. Comparing herbivore-induced transcriptional responses of plants with different phenotypes provides insight into plant defense mechanisms. Here, we compare the global gene expression patterns induced by @entity1762 caterpillar attack in two white cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata) cultivars. The two cultivars are shown to differ in their level of direct defense against caterpillar feeding. Because Brassica full genome microarrays are not yet available, 70-mer oligonucleotide microarrays based on the @entity958 genome were used for this non-model plant. RESULTS: The transcriptional responses of the two cultivars differed in timing as characterized by changes in their expression pattern after 24, 48 and 72 hours of caterpillar feeding. In addition, they also differed qualitatively. Surprisingly, of all genes induced at any time point, only one third was induced in both cultivars. Analyses of transcriptional responses after @entity7214 treatment revealed that the difference in timing did not hold for the response to this phytohormone. Additionally, comparisons between @entity1762 - and @entity7214 -induced transcriptional responses showed that @entity1762 induced more @entity7214 -independent than @entity7214 -dependent genes. CONCLUSION: The present study clearly shows that global transcriptional responses in two cultivars of the same plant species in response to insect feeding can differ dramatically. Several of these differences involve genes that are known to have an impact on @entity1762 performance and probably underlie different mechanisms of direct defense, present in the cultivars.

title: Genotypic variation in genome-wide transcription profiles induced by insect feeding: @entity5598 -- XXXX interactions.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['Brassica oleracea var']

answer: @entity1762 :: (64459,Species) :: ['Pieris rapae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The risk of @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) after a first @entity3604 is increased over the whole duration of follow-up, but the imminent risk is even higher. If the acute increment in risk in the few years following @entity3604 is amenable to therapeutic intervention, then immediate short-term treatments may provide worthwhile clinical dividends in a very cost-effective manner. INTRODUCTION: A history of @entity174 is a strong risk factor for future @entity174 . The aim of the present study was to determine whether the predictive value of a past @entity3604 for future @entity3604 changed with time. METHODS: The study was based on a population-based cohort of 18,872 @entity1 and @entity1 born between 1907 and 1935. @entity174 were documented over 510,265 @entity1 -years. An extension of Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between the first @entity3604 and the second. All associations were adjusted for age and time since baseline. RESULTS: Five thousand thirty-nine individuals sustained one or more MOFs, of whom 1919 experienced a second @entity3604 . The risk of a second @entity3604 after a first increased by 4% for each year of age (95% CI 1.02-1.06) and was 41% higher for @entity1 than @entity1 (95% CI 1.25-1.59). The risk of a second @entity3604 was highest immediately after the first @entity174 and thereafter decreased with time though remained higher than the population risk throughout follow-up. For example, 1  year after the first @entity3604 , the risk of a second @entity174 was 2.7 (2.4-3.0) fold higher than the population risk. After 10  years, this risk ratio was 1.4 (1.2-1.6). The effect was more marked with increasing age. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity3604 after a first @entity3604 is increased over the whole follow-up, but the imminent risk is even higher. If the acute increment in risk in the few years following @entity3604 is amenable to therapeutic intervention, then immediate short-term treatments may provide worthwhile clinical dividends in a very cost-effective manner, particularly in the elderly.

title: Imminent risk of XXXX after @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['major osteoporotic fracture', 'MOF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Rehabilitative training has shown to improve significantly motor outcomes and functional walking capacity in @entity1 with incomplete @entity1566 (iSCI). However, whether performance improvements during rehabilitation relate to brain plasticity or whether it is based on functional adaptation of movement strategies remain uncertain. This study assessed training improvement-induced structural brain plasticity in chronic iSCI @entity1 using longitudinal MRI. We used tensor-based morphometry (TBM) to analyze longitudinal brain volume changes associated with intensive virtual reality (VR)-augmented lower limb training in nine traumatic iSCI @entity1 . The MRI data was acquired before and after a 4-week training period (16-20 training sessions). Before training, voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and voxel-based cortical thickness (VBCT) assessed baseline morphometric differences in nine iSCI @entity1 compared to 14 healthy controls. The intense VR-augmented training of limb control improved significantly balance, walking speed, ambulation, and muscle strength in @entity1 . Retention of clinical improvements was confirmed by the 3-4 months follow-up. In @entity1 relative to controls, VBM revealed reductions of white matter volume within the brainstem and cerebellum and VBCT showed cortical thinning in the primary motor cortex. Over time, TBM revealed significant improvement-induced volume increases in the left middle temporal and occipital gyrus, left temporal pole and fusiform gyrus, both hippocampi, cerebellum, corpus callosum, and brainstem in iSCI @entity1 . This study demonstrates structural plasticity at the cortical and brainstem level as a consequence of VR-augmented training in iSCI @entity1 . These structural changes may serve as neuroimaging biomarkers of @entity6250 in addition to performance measures to detect improvements in rehabilitative training.

title: Relationship between structural brainstem and brain plasticity and @entity6250 in XXXX : a longitudinal pilot study.

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['VR-augmented lower limb neurorehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral @entity21193 in @entity1 with @entity902 -resistant @entity43 . METHODS: A phase II trial of oral @entity21193 500 mg per day in 30 females with @entity902 resistant @entity43 . All @entity1 had measurable or evaluable disease. RESULTS: The treatment was well tolerated. One @entity1 (3%) achieved a partial response lasting 12+ months. Seven @entity1 had stable disease for 5.3 months (median) range 4.4-7.5 months. Median time to progression was 11.5 weeks (95% C.L. 11-12 weeks). Median survival was 31 weeks (95% C.L. 30-35 weeks). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity21193 in the present schedule is not recommended in @entity902 resistant @entity43 .

title: Oral @entity21193 as second-line treatment in @entity902 -resistant XXXX : a phase II study. The Danish @entity43 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity21193 :: ('MESH:C018404', 'Chemical') :: ['treosulfan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To generate an animal model of @entity2000 by using AAV-mediated ribozyme knockdown of the gamma-subunit of the rod @entity6708 phosphodiesterase ( @entity58358 ) mRNA in the retina of wild-type @entity19 . METHODS: Two hammerhead ribozymes, HRz35 and HRz42, were designed to target the @entity58358 gene in wild-type C57BL/6 @entity19 . The efficiency and specificity of the ribozyme cleavage was tested in vitro against three different types of target: short synthetic RNA oligomers, longer targets transcribed from clones, and full-length mRNA from total retinal RNA extracts. After in vitro validation, the ribozymes were cloned and packaged in a recombinant adenoassociated virus (rAAV) containing a proximal 472-bp @entity19 rod opsin promoter (MOPS) to drive ribozyme synthesis. Three-week-old wild-type C57BL/6 @entity19 were injected subretinally with the vectors. For treated versus partner control retinas, responses to light were measured by full-field electroretinography (ERG), and retinal tissues were examined by light microscopy. Messenger RNA and protein levels of @entity58358 gene were monitored by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western immunoblot assay. RESULTS: The ribozymes had comparable in vitro kinetic properties in multiple turnover kinetic analyses. Ribozyme HRz35 exhibited a K(cat) of 0.48 minute(-1) and a K(m) of 980 nM, and HRz42 showed a K(cat) of 0.17 minute(-1) and a K(m) of 971 nM. Both ribozymes cleaved at accessible sites in the RNA, as they digested long transcripts transcribed from clones and full-length mRNA from total retinal RNA extracts in vitro. At increasing intervals after subretinal injection with either AAV ribozyme, a 30% to 90% reduction in a- and b-wave amplitudes was observed compared with those in contralateral control eyes that were not injected. Retinal tissue analysis showed that loss of the photoreceptor cells and @entity58358 mRNA and protein paralleled the ERG results. CONCLUSIONS: Ribozyme-mediated somatic knockdown of wild-type @entity58358 mRNA in vivo can efficiently reduce the target RNA leading to a loss in rod photoreceptors and in rod-mediated ERG amplitudes, thus generating an animal model of @entity2000 resembling @entity1 @entity6391 in an essentially normal adult retina. This vector ribozyme technique should be applicable to other genes associated with @entity6391 and perhaps also to mRNAs of phototransduction genes not yet associated with @entity6391 . Application of this approach may be age and species independent.

title: Ribozyme knockdown of the gamma-subunit of rod @entity6708 phosphodiesterase alters the ERG and retinal morphology in wild-type XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity21063 ) comprises a large number of strains which are related antigenically to varying degrees. The antigenic variability creates problems for choosing antigens to include in vaccines. Historically, these have been selected for use based on their cross-reactivity with a high proportion of field strains. However, it is important to determine the current level of cross-reactivity of vaccines and whether or not this may be decreasing owing to widespread vaccine use. In this in vitro study, we have compared the ability of antisera to two vaccine viruses ( @entity21063 F9 and @entity21063 255) to neutralise a panel of 40 recent UK field isolates. These 40 isolates were obtained by randomised, cross-sectional sampling of veterinary practices in different geographical regions of the UK so as to ensure they were representative of viruses circulating in the veterinary-visiting population of @entity468 in the UK. Virus neutralisation assays showed that both vaccine strains are still broadly cross-reactive, with F9 antiserum neutralising 87.5% and 255 antiserum 75% of isolates tested with antiserum dilutions of 1 in 2 or greater. However, when antibody units were used, in order to take account of differences in homologous titres between antisera, fewer isolates were neutralised, with F9 antiserum showing a slightly higher proportion of isolates neutralised than 255. Multivariable analysis of the sample population of 1206 @entity468 from which the 40 isolates were derived found that vaccinated @entity468 were at a decreased risk of being positive for @entity21063 , whereas @entity468 from households with more than one cat, and @entity468 with mouth @entity1066 were at increased risk. In addition as @entity468 became older their risk of shedding @entity21063 decreased.

title: Comparison of the ability of @entity21063 ) vaccines to neutralise a panel of current UK XXXX isolates.

entities_list: @entity21063 :: ('11978', 'Species') :: ['FCV', 'FCV strain', 'Feline calicivirus (FCV']

answer: @entity21063 :: (11978,Species) :: ['FCV']


abstract: Infertility is an important health issue which has been neglected in the developing countries. First test-tube babies (triplet) in Bangladesh were born on 30th May, 2001. Although there is no tertiary level @entity249 center in the public sector, several private centers have come up with the facilities. The objective of the study was to find i) the quality and quantity of @entity249 care in Bangladesh and ii) the cause of @entity249 in the attending @entity1 iii) the treatment seeking behaviors iv) and the reasons for not taking treatment among the attending @entity1 . There are now 10 tertiary level Infertility centers in Bangladesh. The information was collected in a preformed datasheet about the facilities and the profile of the @entity1 and the treatment seeking behavior of the attending @entity1 . Out of the ten centers two centers refused to respond and did not disclose their data. Around 16700 new @entity1 are enrolled in a year in the responsive clinics. Five percent (5%) of the @entity1 underwent ART, 7% of the @entity1 gave only one visit, 84% of the @entity1 completed their evaluation, 76% of the @entity1 took treatment. Causes of @entity249 in the @entity1 taking treatment were male factor in 36.4%, bilateral @entity616 in 20.2%, @entity3610 and @entity3206 in 31.7%, @entity46 in 19.6%, unexplained in 10.95, combined in 3.5%, @entity2670 in 1.4%, @entity28884 in 0.33%, @entity154 in 0.3%. The main reason for not taking treatment was financial constrainment. The quality and quantity of @entity249 care is dependent on the available resources and on the use of the resources by the @entity1 . In developing countries the resources are merging and confined to specified areas which cannot meet the demand of their population. The study gives us the idea of the need and the demand of the services in the country.

title: Quality and quantity of XXXX care in bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity28884 :: ('MESH:C543092', 'Disease') :: ['testicular failure']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['tubal block']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: Between January 1978 and June 1992, 798 @entity1 underwent isolated AVR for hemodynamically significant @entity7874 . Preoperative coronary angiography was performed in 687 @entity1 , of whom 229 had coronary stenosis > 40% and were divided into three (I, IIa and IIb) groups. Group I consisted of 144 @entity1 undergoing AVR plus coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG); 39 @entity1 in Group IIa had AVR only in the presence of coronary stenoses < 60%, and 46 @entity1 in Group IIb had AVR only in the presence of coronary stenoses > 60%. Group III consisted of 144 matched @entity1 selected from the remaining 458 @entity1 with no @entity301 , or stenoses less than 40%, according to five matching criteria (age, sex, functional status, ejection fraction and year of surgery) with @entity1 in Group I. Early mortality was 10.4% in Group I, 7.7% in Group IIa, 13% in Group IIb and 4.9% in Group III. Although the differences in operative mortality are apparent, they did not reach statistical significance. A difference in long term survival could only be detected between Groups I and III (actuarial survival at nine years 66% and 78.9%, respectively, p < 0.01). Similarly, late coronary events were more frequent in Group I than in Group III (13.9% vs. 5.1%, p < 0.03). It is concluded that revascularization should be as complete as possible for severe coronary stenoses coexisting with significant @entity7874 . However, bypassing of moderate @entity301 (stenoses in the order of 50%) in association with AVR does not appear justified on current evidence. Further studies on this important aspect are clearly required.

title: Prognosis of valve replacement for aortic stenosis with or without coexisting XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease', 'coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['calcific aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We studied the function of both @entity7895 and @entity11092 to identify subgroups of @entity1 who could benefit from @entity7895 reversion, and to clarify in different @entity1334 subtypes and in cytogenetic risk groups their expression and function. DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined 132 adults with de novo @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) for @entity7895 and @entity11092 expression and function. We correlated our finding with the @entity1334 subtypes and the cytogenetics, and clinical data of our @entity1 . RESULTS: Among @entity1334 subtypes and cytogenetic subgroups, @entity1 with good risk cytogenetics have a low expression and activity of @entity7895 and @entity11092 except @entity1 with inv(16) who have a higher activity of @entity11092 than t(8;21) and t(15;17) (p=0.05). All other @entity3052 @entity1 , except M5, have a high expression and activity of @entity7895 . In contrast, M5 have a high expression, but a low activity of @entity7895 . In this subgroup, M5 with @entity11626 gene rearrangement did not express an active @entity7895 . Others @entity1 with M5 @entity3052 did not have a functional @entity7895 . Monosomy 7, 11q2.3 gene rearrangement and complex cytogenetic have a higher activity of @entity11092 than other cytogenetic (p=0.03). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Resistance mechanism in M5 was not mediated by @entity7895 . In contrast, @entity11092 may play a role in @entity1 who have a 11q2.3 gene rearrangement, or in M4E with inv(16). Thus trials that modulate @entity7895 are likely to achieve limited success in @entity3052 with low activity of @entity7895 , i.e., M5 and, @entity3052 with good risk cytogenetics.

title: P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance associated protein-1 activity in 132 XXXX according to @entity1334 subtypes and cytogenetics risk groups.

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) after failed endoscopic treatments for @entity354 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The perioperative results of 9 @entity1 , who had received endoscopic antireflux intervention before being subjected to LARS between March 2004 and November 2009, were analyzed retrospectively on a prospective database. RESULTS: Endoscopically, while 6 @entity1 had received radiofrequency ablation (Stretta; Curon Medical, Fremont, CA), 2 @entity1 had been subjected to biopolymer injection (Enteryx; Boston Scientific, Natick, MA) and 1 @entity1 to endoluminal plication (NDO plicator; NDO Surgical, Mansfield, MA). The mean age of the @entity1 was 40 years while the mean values for their body mass index, symptom duration, and follow-up length were 25.6, 38 months, and 35 months, respectively. Mean operation length and mean discharge time were 56 minutes and 1 day, respectively. None of the @entity1 who were subjected to NDO plicator and Stretta showed difficulty in dissection or perioperative complication. In contrast, the @entity1 who had been subjected to Enteryx presented serious problems during LARS, and because of severe difficulty in dissection total fundoplication could not be performed. In both of those cases, LARS did not succeed. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 who received Stretta and NDO plicator procedures and failed to respond, LARS does not present any difficulty or problem. However, performing LARS among @entity1 who received Enteryx shows problems and fails to produce a successful result.

title: Laparoscopic antireflux surgery after failed endoscopic treatments for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been involved in both initiation and promotion of @entity105 in @entity320 . Alterations of cellular proliferation proteins, such as @entity9486 , @entity62504 , @entity13863 and @entity993 have been considered to play critical roles in @entity320 development. However, the molecular mechanisms behind @entity320 are still poorly understood. In this study, we used @entity1 skin melanocytes as an experimental model system to investigate effects of UV irradiation on protein expression concerning cellular proliferation. The melanocytes prepared from @entity1 foreskin were separately exposed to various doses of UVA or UVB and post-cultivated for 24 or 48 h. Total proteins were isolated from the melanocytes, and expression of @entity9486 , @entity62504 , @entity13863 , @entity993 , @entity588 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) proteins was examined by western blotting and immunocytochemistry. Results showed that expression of @entity9486 and @entity62504 was enhanced by UVA irradiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, expression of @entity13863 , @entity993 , @entity588 and @entity1364 proteins was not changed upon exposure to the UVA. @entity13863 and @entity993 proteins were over-expressed by exposure to UVB, but expression of @entity9486 , @entity62504 , @entity588 and @entity1364 proteins was not changed by the UVB irradiation. The data suggested that UVA and UVB irradiation might lead to alterations of the different intracellular proteins. UVA enhanced protein expression concerning cell growth ( @entity9486 and @entity62504 ) and UVB might over-express proteins concerning cellular proliferation ( @entity13863 and @entity993 ). UVA and UVB may induce @entity320 via separate intracellular pathways.

title: Ultraviolet A and B differently induce intracellular protein expression in XXXX skin melanocytes--a speculation of separate pathways in @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma carcinogenesis', 'initiation of melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A new real-time PCR assay was successfully developed using a TaqMan fluorescence probe for specific detection and enumeration of a novel bacterium, @entity10688 thermotolerans, in @entity1573 feces. The specific primers and probe were designed based on the @entity46099 16S rRNA gene sequences, and these sequences were compared to those of all available 16S rRNA genes in the GenBank database. The assay, targeting 16S rRNA gene, was evaluated using DNA from a pure culture of @entity46099 , DNA from the closely related bacteria @entity10688 mucosae DSM 13345(T) and @entity10688 @entity10688 (T), and DNA from other @entity880 bacteria in quantitative experiments. Serial dilutions of @entity46099 DNA were used as external standards for calibration. The minimum detection limit of this technique was 1.84 x 10(3) cells/ml of an @entity46099 pure culture. The assay was then applied to @entity1573 feces in two different trials. In the first trial, the cell population was 10(4) cells/g feces on day 4 and 10(5) cells/g feces on days 11 to 18. However, cell populations of 10(6) to 10(7) cells/g feces were detected in the second trial. The total bacterial count, measured by @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) staining, was approximately 10(11) cells/g feces. These results suggest that in general, @entity46099 is a normal member of the @entity1573 gut microbiota, although it is present at relatively low levels in the feces.

title: Development and assessment of a real-time pcr assay for rapid and sensitive detection of a novel thermotolerant bacterium, @entity10688 thermotolerans, in XXXX feces.

entities_list: @entity10688 :: ('1613', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus fermentum', 'JCM 1173']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity46099 :: ('381046', 'Species') :: ['L. thermotolerans']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole", 'DAPI']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To our knowledge, no studies in @entity1 with @entity565 have assessed a long-acting muscarinic antagonist in the absence of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the dose-response, efficacy, and safety of @entity57939 (UMEC) in @entity1 with @entity565 not receiving ICS. METHODS: In this double-blind, three-period crossover study, 350 subjects were randomized to  a sequence of three of eight inhaled treatments: UMEC 15.6, 31.25, 62.5, 125, or 250  mcg @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ), UMEC 15.6 or 31.25  mcg twice daily (BID), or placebo, administered for 14 days (12-14-day washout). Trough forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 0-24-h  weighted mean (WM) FEV1, and safety were assessed. Serial spirometry and pharmacokinetic assessments were performed in a subgroup. RESULTS: Subjects had a mean baseline pre- and post-bronchodilator FEV1 of 71% and 88% predicted, respectively. Significant improvements in change from baseline trough FEV1 were observed for UMEC 15.6 @entity2794 (0.066  L; p  =  0.036) and UMEC 125 @entity2794 (0.088  L; p  =  0.005) versus  placebo, but not other @entity2794 or BID doses. UMEC increased 0-24-h  WM FEV1 versus placebo (0.068-0.121  L [p   <=  0.017] with no clear dose-response). Treatment differences were similar for corresponding @entity2794 and BID doses in serial assessments. UMEC was rapidly absorbed, with evidence of some accumulation. The incidence of on-treatment adverse events was 9-21% for UMEC and 12% for placebo. There were no treatment-related effects on laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: The modest trough FEV1 improvements did not conclusively support a therapeutic benefit of UMEC in non-ICS treated @entity1 with @entity565 . CLINICALTRIALSGOV: NCT01641692.

title: A randomized, three-period crossover study of XXXX as monotherapy in adult @entity1 with @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity57939 :: ('MESH:C573971', 'Chemical') :: ['umeclidinium']

answer: @entity57939 :: (MESH:C573971,Chemical) :: ['umeclidinium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To investigate the effect of olanzapine treatment on the ultrastructure of granulated platelets (GP) and @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) and to find their association with platelet serotonin (PS) content and treatment efficacy in @entity1 with @entity161 . Materials and methods. Platelets of 49 @entity1 with attack-like @entity161 treated with olanzapine and 31 healthy @entity1 were explored. Electron microscopic morphometry of GP and @entity1423 was performed to estimate the ultrastructural parameters of platelets. Microfluorimetry was used to measure PS content. Results. The number of pseudopodies in GP and @entity1423 were lower after 28 weeks with olanzapine (-13%, p<0.01) as compared to the @entity1 before treatment but the mean platelet area was not changed. Vv of granules was reduced in @entity1423 after 8 and 28 weeks of olanzapine (-13%, p<0,05). Vv of vacuoles was increased in GP in 28 weeks with olanzapine vs. 8 weeks with olanzapine (+16%, p<0.01) and in @entity1423 in 28 weeks of treatment vs. @entity1 before treatment (+13%, p<0.01). In @entity1 before treatment, Vv of vacuoles in @entity1423 was significantly higher in nonresponders as compared to the responders (+11%, p<0.05) and significantly correlated with PS content (r=0.26, p=0.04). The association between the number and Vv of vacuoles in @entity1423 before treatment and time point for positive treatment effect was found for the first time. Conclusion. Ultrastructural changes in Vv of vacuoles in platelets of @entity161 @entity1 treated with olanzapine are associated with serotonin metabolism and therapeutic efficacy.

title: [Ultrastructural changes in platelets of @entity161 XXXX : a link with serotonin metabolism and therapeutic efficacy.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['VP', 'vacuolated platelets']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9049 Background: @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) and hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) induced by anticancer therapy can impact quality of life (QoL) and may lead to dose modification or treatment interruption, even when the therapy may prove beneficial. The trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LC09, an external compound Chinese herbal extract, versus placebo for @entity8566 /HFSR. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 (pts) with @entity8566 /HFSR grade>= 1 (NCI-CTCAE v3.0) after anticancer therapy. Pts were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive LC09 ( @entity18504 ) versus placebo ( @entity489 ). Pts soaked their hands and feet in LC09 or placebo lotion for 20 minutes, twice daily for 7 days. NCI grade of @entity8566 /HFSR, NRS scale of @entity158 and DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) were assessed at baseline, and at 1 week. Pts also completed a daily diary to document symptoms, side effects and medication compliance. Evaluation criteria, CR as symptoms disappear completely, PR as NCI Grade decreases more than 1 level, @entity1726 as symptoms or Grade increased, Total response rate as CR+PR. RESULTS: 102 pts from 3 centers were enrolled. Arms were well balanced. Median age [range] was 59 [47-80], male/female was 62/40. NCI Grade was 1/2/3, 4/21/43 in @entity18504 , 3/13/18 in @entity489 . Anticancer therapy included @entity416 (48%), @entity2857 / @entity2240 (34%) and others (18%). In @entity18504 / @entity489 , Total response rate was 91.2%/32.3%, CR 25.0%/2.9%, PR 66.2%/29.4%, @entity1726 1.2%/20.6%. The mean score of QoL before and after treatment were 19.90  4.85 and 7.60  5.88 in @entity18504 , 17.76  4.67 and 15.41  7.34 in @entity489 (out of a total of 30, p<0.001). The most significant complaint was @entity158 , the mean score were 5.98  1.87 and 1.99   2.05 in @entity18504 , 5.15  1.59 and 4.53   2.71 in @entity489 (NRS scale of 0-10, p<0.001). The average time from therapy beginning to @entity158 relieves in @entity18504 was 2.3  1.0 days. The medication compliance was 98.7% in @entity18504 ,93.3% in @entity489 . No side effect such as @entity281 related to LC09 was found. CONCLUSIONS: Compound external Chinese herbal extract LC09 can treat @entity8566 /HFSR, which is safe and especially effective for relieving @entity158 . Thus LC09 had trends towards a higher QoL and towards continuous beneficial anticancer therapy.

title: Randomized, multicenter, phase II trial of compound Chinese herbal extract LC09 versus placebo for external treatment of XXXX induced by anticancer therapy.

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['allergy or infection']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['Hand-foot syndrome', 'HFS']

answer: @entity8566 :: (MESH:D060831,Disease) :: ['hand-foot syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ) are commonly used during endoscopic repair of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) @entity5254 , either to facilitate graft healing or to monitor @entity5173 fluid dynamics. However, the indications and necessity of @entity2649 placement remains controversial. The current study sought to evaluate endoscopic @entity5173 leak repair outcomes in the setting of limited @entity2649 use. METHODS: @entity1 who underwent endoscopic repair of @entity5173 @entity5254 between 2004 and 2014 were identified by a review of medical records. Demographic and clinical data were extracted and compared between @entity1 who had surgery with and @entity1 who had surgery without a perioperative @entity2649 . A univariate analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 107 @entity1 (116 surgical procedures) were identified, with a mean follow-up of 15.8 months. Eighty-eight of 107 @entity1 (82.2%) had surgery without an @entity2649 . The mean hospital stay was 4.48 days in the @entity2649 group versus 1.03 days in the non- @entity2649 group (p < 0.00001). There was no difference in recurrence rate between the @entity2649 and non- @entity2649 groups. Predictors of recurrence included repair technique (p = 0.04) and size of defect (p = 0.005). Body mass index, leak site (ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal), and etiology (spontaneous, iatrogenic, traumatic) were not predictive of leak recurrence. CONCLUSION: Use of LDs in endoscopic @entity5173 leak repair was not associated with reduced recurrence rates, regardless of leak etiology, and resulted in a significant increase in hospital length of stay. Although the use of perioperative LDs to monitor @entity5173 dynamics may have some therapeutic and diagnostic advantages, it may not be associated with clinically significant improvements in @entity1 outcomes or recurrence rates.

title: Outcomes of endoscopic repair of XXXX without lumbar drains.

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LD', 'Lumbar drains']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF', 'cerebrospinal fluid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

answer: @entity5254 :: (MESH:D002559,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between pre-gestational @entity28 and @entity1017 with cesarean delivery and labor complications. METHODS: A total of 4,486 @entity1 20-28 weeks pregnant attending general prenatal care clinics of the national health system in Brazil from 1991 to 1995 were enrolled and followed up through birth. Body mass index categories based on prepregnancy weight and total @entity1017 were calculated. Associations between body mass index categories and labor complications were adjusted through logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: @entity28 was present in 308 (6.9%) @entity1 . Cesarean delivery was performed in 164 (53.2%) obese, 407 (43.1%) pre-obese, 1,045 (35.1%) normal weight and 64 (24.5%) underweight @entity1 . The relative risk for cesarean delivery in obese @entity1 was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.5-2.0) compared to normal weight @entity1 . Greater @entity1017 was particularly associated with cesarean among the obese (RR 4th vs 2nd @entity1017 .2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.2). Increased weight at the beginning of pregnancy was associated with a significantly higher adjusted risk of meconium with vaginal delivery and perinatal @entity204 and @entity281 in @entity1 submitted to cesarean section. Similarly, greater @entity1017 during pregnancy increased the risk for meconium and @entity548 in @entity1 submitted to vaginal delivery and for prematurity with cesarean. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-gestational @entity28 and greater @entity1017 independently increase the risk of cesarean delivery, as well as of several adverse outcomes with vaginal delivery. These findings provide further evidence of the negative effects of prepregnancy @entity28 and greater gestational @entity1017 on pregnancy outcomes.

title: XXXX and gestational @entity1017 : cesarean delivery and labor complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain quartile 2', 'weight gain']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Most of the published data relating @entity417 to function have come from clinical trials evaluating recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 in end stage @entity177 , orthopedic surgery, and @entity1 undergoing @entity5 -chemotherapy. While most studies were small and underpowered, the results are consistent in showing measurable improvement in fatigue, exercise capacity, muscle strength, and the performance of activities of daily living. Furthermore, studies are consistent in showing improvement in @entity73 as @entity417 is corrected. What is less clear is whether there is a level of hemoglobin below normal that does not compromise functional outcome. Aerobic exercise capacity improves when hemoglobin values are increased. In the published literature, the initial hemoglobin levels ranged from 6 to 7 g x dL(-1) and hemoglobin levels following treatment with @entity1307 ranged from 9 to 14 g x dL(-1). In two studies no further improvement in exercise performance was found when hemoglobin levels of 9 to 10 g x dL(-1) had been reached. In another study, physical performance was reported when hemoglobin levels of 14 g x dL(-1) were reached compared to 10 g x dL(-1). While it is likely that normal levels of hemoglobin (12-14 g x dL(-1)) are optimal, there could be diminishing return as the hemoglobin concentration approaches normal. Thus, the risks and/or costs of blood transfusion or treatment with @entity1307 become important to consider. @entity1 undergoing surgery are often elderly and have co-morbidities. @entity417 in these @entity1 may impede their ability to recover from @entity73 and participate in postoperative rehabilitation. It is likely that higher blood counts will result in a more active participation in rehabilitation and greater functional independence. How high the hemoglobin levels need to be awaits further study.

title: XXXX and postoperative rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['basic impairments', 'cardiac and cognitive function']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['Anemia']


abstract: Objective: Disturbed sleep during pregnancy is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes and less mental well-being. In pregnant @entity1 with a @entity146 , who frequently suffer from @entity25 , it is unknown whether predominantly objective or subjective @entity25 is more affected. To clarify this, we compared objective and subjective parameters of @entity25 between @entity1 and healthy controls during pregnancy. Methods: This observational study was embedded in an ongoing study among pregnant @entity1 with a @entity146 at the department of Psychiatry of Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We compared 21 pregnant @entity1 with a confirmed @entity146 with 33 healthy controls (gestational age, 23-29 weeks). To measure objective parameters of @entity25 , all @entity1 continuously wore a wrist actigraph for 7 days and nights. Subjective @entity25 was retrospectively assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and on a daily basis with the Subjective Sleep Quality-scale (SSQ). Differences in parameters of sleep between @entity1 and controls were tested using a multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for parity, gestational age, educational level, and employment status. Results: Objective parameters of @entity25 and subjective @entity25 as assessed by the PSQI did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls. Daily sleep reports showed that, relative to controls, @entity1 had a significantly worse average SSQ-score (5.2 vs. 7.6, adjusted b = 0.12, 95%CI = 0.03-0.53, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our exploratory study suggests that perceived @entity25 reported on a daily basis by pregnant @entity1 with a @entity146 is worse than the @entity25 as measured by wrist actigraphy.

title: Perceived Sleep Quality Is Worse Than Objective Parameters of Sleep in Pregnant XXXX with a @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality', 'sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) has been shown to occur in >90% of significantly @entity28 @entity1 . At present, diagnosis of the more severe form of @entity1561 , @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ), requires a liver biopsy. Conflicting data exist on the degree of sampling variability seen with percutaneous liver biopsy. Our aim was to assess for significant regional differences in histopathology between the right and @entity409 in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. METHODS: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery at Wilford Hall Medical Center were eligible for study enrollment. @entity1 with @entity409 other than @entity1561 were excluded. All @entity1 underwent intraoperative liver biopsy, one from the right lobe and one from the left lobe, with a 14-gauge Tru-cut biopsy needle. Histopathologic features of @entity1561 were compared by a hepatopathologist who examined biopsy specimens from the 2 hepatic lobes and was blinded to @entity1 identification and site of origin of biopsy. Agreement between the 2 biopsy specimens was assessed by using the kappa coefficient. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 (predominantly female) with body mass index median of 46.2 kg/m2 were enrolled. Agreement for @entity1560 was 93% (kappa = 0.91), inflammation 74% (kappa = 0.58), @entity39 84% (kappa = 0.73), @entity82 98% (kappa = 0.96), and for the @entity1561 activity score > or =5 was 93% (kappa = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: Minimal variability was found for @entity1560 , @entity1561 activity score > or =5, and @entity82 in samples of liver obtained from the right and @entity409 in a group of morbidly @entity28 , predominately female @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. Histopathologic findings of necroinflammation appear to have the greatest degree of sampling variability. In contrast with previously published data, excellent agreement was seen for @entity82 in biopsy specimens obtained at surgery from right and @entity409 .

title: Histopathologic variability between the right and XXXX in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing Roux-en-Y bypass.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ballooning necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'left lobes of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'NASH', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease', 'nonalcoholic steatohepatitis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['left lobes of the liver']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the agreement in @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ) measurements between the gold standard method of ultrasound (US) pachymetry (UP-1000, Nidek) and 2 noncontact systems based on Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam, Oculus) and scanning-slit topography (Orbscan II, Bausch _ Lomb) in @entity735 before and after laser refractive surgery. SETTING: Noor Vision Correction Center, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this prospective study, 30 consecutive @entity1 having refractive surgery for @entity1714 were enrolled. All 60 eyes were examined with the 3 devices preoperatively and 6 weeks after surgery; the US measurements were performed last. The Pentacam and Orbscan II @entity2840 readings were compared with the US readings. Both the original and corrected Orbscan II readings were used in the analyses. RESULTS: The mean @entity2840 readings with US, Pentacam, and Orbscan II were, respectively, 555 microm, 548 microm, and 580 microm before surgery and 478 microm, 468 microm, and 474 microm after surgery. Preoperatively, the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) with US were -31 microm and +19 microm for the Pentacam device and -5 microm and +57 microm for the Orbscan II device. Postoperatively, the LoA were -40 microm and +19 microm and -51 microm and +50 microm, respectively. Corrected Orbscan II measurements gave 95% LoA of -48 microm and +6 microm before surgery and -85 microm and +5 microm after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Refractive surgery had a modest effect on the agreement between Pentacam readings and US measurements. With Orbscan II, the 95% LoA width nearly doubled after surgery. Although the Pentacam seems to show better agreement than Orbscan II, especially after refractive surgery, it is not advisable to use the 3 devices interchangeably in every clinical situation.

title: Central corneal thickness measurement with Pentacam, Orbscan II, and ultrasound devices before and after laser refractive surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perioperative @entity4854 is associated with @entity260 after major surgery. However, more than 50% of surgical procedures are performed in an ambulatory setting, where @entity413 is not routinely measured. The objectives of this study were to investigate the change in capillary @entity413 during ambulatory surgery, to identify @entity1 at risk for perioperative increasing @entity413 and to evaluate whether @entity4854 predisposes for complications after ambulatory surgery. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter cohort study, adult @entity1 planned for ambulatory surgery, were included and capillary @entity413 was measured 1 h before and 1 h after surgery. @entity1 were contacted 90 days after surgery to determine the occurrence of @entity260 . RESULTS: 909 @entity1 were included, 48 (5.3%) @entity1 had @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Overall median @entity413 increased from 5.4 mmol l--1 preoperatively to 5.6 mmol l--1 postoperatively (p<0.001). @entity4854 , @entity413 >=  7.8 mmol l--1, occurred in 8.8% of the @entity1 . @entity619 administration (given in 406 (44.7%) @entity1 ) was a risk factor for @entity413 increase (p<0.001). @entity4854 was not a risk factor for @entity260 (OR 1.19, 95%CI 0.57 - 2.48, p=0.646). However, pre--diagnosed @entity6 was a risk factor for @entity260 , independent of @entity4854 (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.10--5.97, p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS: Minor ambulatory surgery is not associated with a clinically relevant increase in @entity413 . The very small @entity413 increase we observed could be attributed to the administration of @entity619 for PONV prophylaxis. @entity4854 during ambulatory surgery is not associated with complications after discharge.

title: XXXX and ambulatory surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Proton-pump inhibitors are often recommended in the treatment of @entity7552 secondary to @entity356 . Despite prospective treatment studies reporting high efficacy, only one previous report has been placebo-controlled and blinded. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of omeprazole in treating proven @entity354 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 with one or more @entity304 were recruited to undergo 24-hour dual-channel pH probe testing. Thirty @entity1 with more than four episodes of @entity8823 were enrolled. By random assignment, 15 @entity1 received 40 mg omeprazole twice a day and the other 15 received placebo for a period of 2 months. Symptoms (hoarseness, @entity158 , lump in throat sensation, throat clearing, cough, excessive phlegm, @entity1282 , odynophagia, and heartburn) and endoscopic laryngeal signs ( @entity5105 , @entity4 , and mucus accumulation) were recorded initially, at 1 month, and 2 months. RESULTS: In general, most symptom scores improved over time for both the omeprazole and placebo groups. Hoarseness, when @entity1 begin with low hoarseness symptom scores, and throat clearing improved significantly more in @entity1 on omeprazole than in those on placebo during the 2-month study. Throat @entity158 , lump in throat sensation, excessive phlegm, @entity1282 , @entity158 with swallowing, and heartburn showed improvement in both treatment arms, signifying the possibility of a placebo effect. Endoscopic laryngeal signs did not change significantly over the course of the study for either treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: A placebo effect appears to exist in the treatment of @entity354 . However, hoarseness, when initially scored low, and throat clearing resulting from @entity354 are effectively treated by omeprazole.

title: Evaluation of omeprazole in the treatment of XXXX : a prospective, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reflux laryngitis symptoms']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['throat pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty swallowing', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric reflux']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['reflux laryngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Severe @entity8053 may be secondary to @entity1800 , resulting in impaired autoimmune, cardiovascular, urinary and digestive dysfunction. Herein, we present a case of a 31-year-old white female @entity1 who had severe @entity7623 related to @entity11460 following an episode of @entity697 . This seems to be the first report providing thorough assessment of the enteric and autonomic nervous system by analysis of full-thickness small intestinal biopsies, cardiovagal testing and autopsy. HOSPITAL COURSE: This @entity1 affected by a severe @entity7623 was treated with antiemetics, prokinetics, analgesics and gastric electrical stimulation to control symptoms. Nutritional support was made using jejunal feeding tube and, in the final stage of disease, with total parenteral nutrition. Autonomic studies revealed minimal heart rate variability and a disordered Valsalva manoeuvre although the enteric nervous system and the smooth muscle layer showed a normal appearance. Hospital courses were complicated by episodes of @entity582 and @entity12045 . Serum antiphospholipid antibodies were noted but despite anticoagulation, she developed a @entity1151 and shortly thereafter the @entity1 died. Autopsy revealed acute @entity548 with @entity358 . Sympathetic chain analysis revealed decreased myelinated axons with @entity13312 and @entity32 consistent with @entity5011 . The evaluation of the enteric nervous system in the stomach and small bowel revealed no evidence of enteric @entity16 or @entity121 . CONCLUSION: A @entity5011 with @entity7623 following @entity697 is supported by physiological and autonomic studies with histological findings.

title: XXXX related to @entity11460 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['patchy inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic Candida pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['left main pulmonary artery thrombus']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barre-like disease', 'Guillain-Barre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity8053 :: ('MESH:D054969', 'Disease') :: ['dysautonomia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity7623 :: (MESH:D018589,Disease) :: ['Postinfectious gastroparesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been suggested that CT Perfusion acquisition times <60 seconds are too short to capture the complete in and out-wash of contrast in the tissue, resulting in incomplete time attenuation curves. Yet, these short acquisitions times are not uncommon in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of time attenuation curve truncation in 48 seconds CT Perfusion acquisition and to quantify its effect on @entity63 core and penumbra estimation in @entity1 with acute @entity385 due to a proximal intracranial arterial occlusion of the anterior circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed CT Perfusion data with 48 seconds and extended acquisition times, assuring full time attenuation curves, of 36 @entity1 . Time attenuation curves were classified as complete or truncated. Ischemic core and penumbra volumes resulting from both data sets were compared by median paired differences and interquartile ranges. Controlled experiments were performed using a digital CT Perfusion phantom to investigate the effect of time attenuation curve truncation on @entity63 core and penumbra estimation. RESULTS: In 48 seconds acquisition data, truncation was observed in 24 (67%) cases for the time attenuation curves in the @entity63 core, in 2 cases for the arterial input function and in 5 cases for the venous output function. Analysis of extended data resulted in smaller @entity63 cores and larger penumbras with a median difference of 13.2 (IQR: 4.3-26.0)ml (P<0.001) and; 12.4 (IQR: 4.1-25.7)ml (P<0.001), respectively. The phantom data showed increasing @entity63 core overestimation with increasing tissue time attenuation curve truncation. CONCLUSIONS: Truncation is common in @entity1 with large vessel occlusion and results in repartitioning of the area of hypoperfusion into larger @entity63 core and smaller penumbra estimations. Phantom experiments confirmed that truncation results in overestimation of the @entity63 core.

title: Effect of Extended CT Perfusion Acquisition Time on Ischemic Core and Penumbra Volume Estimation in XXXX with Acute @entity385 due to a Large Vessel Occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free @entity1955 (FT4 concentrations and life satisfaction, symptoms, self-rated health, and common @entity146 ( @entity308 or @entity303 ) in a community-dwelling elderly population to provide evidence whether to decrease the upper reference limit for TSH or the optimal TSH target in @entity1955 treatment in older adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we determined TSH and FT4 concentrations in a @entity1374 -free population of 502 @entity1 (median age, 71 years) and 584 @entity1 (median age, 73 years) and in a @entity1 group of 49 @entity1 (median age, 75 years) with @entity1375 who were stable users of @entity1955 treatment. Life satisfaction, self-rated health, @entity308 , and @entity303 were assessed with specific questions and with tools such as the Self-report Depression Scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Independent variables were dichotomized, and associations of these variables with TSH and FT4 levels were assessed in the @entity1374 -free population. Levels of TSH and FT4 in @entity1374 -free @entity1 and in @entity1 treated with @entity1955 were also compared. RESULTS: After age adjustment, there were no associations between TSH levels and self-rated health, life satisfaction, or most symptoms in the @entity1374 -free population. No associations were found between diagnosed @entity308 or Mini-Mental State Examination results and levels of TSH and FT4. @entity303 was associated with higher FT4 concentration in @entity1 . Although @entity1 treated with @entity1955 had TSH levels that were higher than @entity1374 -free @entity1 , there were no statistically significant differences in independent variables between these 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the need to decrease the upper reference limit for TSH or to lower the optimal TSH target in @entity1955 treatment in older adults, as recommended in recent guidelines.

title: Associations of thyroid-stimulating hormone and free XXXX concentrations with health and life satisfaction in elderly adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: Our previous retrospective study indicated a good response rate of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to transarterial infusion chemotherapy, but the precise effect remains unresolved. This prospective study enrolled 25 @entity1 with stage III or IV or recurrent @entity1149 without distant metastasis (M1b) who were not candidates for either standard chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The feeding arteries of each @entity5 detected by angiography were recorded and @entity5 staining was visually graded on a scale of I-IV. @entity1205 and @entity900 (25 and 25 mg/m(2), respectively) were administered by arterial infusion. The total dose of each was divided among feeding arteries according to the degree of @entity5 staining. The end points included response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and @entity137 . Correlations between effects and some clinical aspects were investigated. Of 25 @entity1 enrolled between May 2007 and April 2011, 24 of them were evaluable. One complete response and 12 partial responses were achieved for an overall response rate of 52% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 35-69%). The median progression-free survival and overall survival periods were 6.5 (95% CI: 5.4-7.6) and 17.4 (95% CI: 14.2-20.6) months, respectively. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 81% and 32%, respectively. Grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 was not evident. Grade 3 general fatigue or @entity1277 developed in @entity1 with performance status (PS) >= 3. Neither grade 4 non-hematological @entity137 nor treatment-related @entity204 occurred. Among various clinical aspects, ECOG PS significantly correlated with PFS and OS, whereas @entity5 staining significantly correlated with response. Survival was significantly better for @entity1 with good PS (0 or 1) than poor PS (>= 2) and those with, than without grade IV @entity5 staining. If a sufficient number of feeding arteries are detected and the @entity5 is appropriately stained, then arterial infusion chemotherapy has favorable response rates with less @entity137 for @entity1 with stage III or IV or recurrent @entity1149 without distant metastasis (M1b) who cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy.

title: Prospective study of transarterial infusion of @entity1205 and @entity900 to treat XXXX in @entity1 contraindicated for standard chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To verify the efficacy of @entity62586 versus placebo with regard to symptom improvement in @entity1 with chronic nonbacterial @entity5116 ( @entity5116 ) and to verify a relation between hormonal levels and clinical improvement in these @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity5116 were included in our study and randomized into two groups of 13 subjects each. Group 1 @entity1 were treated with @entity62586 (40 mg daily) and group 2 @entity1 with placebo. All @entity1 underwent treatment for 60 days. At the beginning and end of therapy, all @entity1 underwent evaluation, including a standardized history, physical examination, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, @entity251 , and @entity10769 measurements, and a National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) questionnaire. RESULTS: We observed a decrease in the total NIH-CPSI score from 25.0 to 10.0 in group 1 and from 25.0 to 20.0 in group 2, revealing a 60% and 20% improvement in groups 1 and 2, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed with regard to @entity158 (from 11.0 to 4.0 and from 10.0 to 8.0, respectively) and quality of life (from 10.0 to 5.0 and 10.0 to 9.0, respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed in @entity1973 . The luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and @entity251 values were similar in both groups before and after treatment; the @entity53 levels were significantly lower in group 1 compared with group 2 at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62586 provides significant symptomatic improvement in @entity1 with @entity5116 compared with placebo. The role of @entity62586 in decreasing @entity172 plasmatic levels and their concentration in the prostate may account for this clinical improvement.

title: Role of @entity62586 in category III chronic nonbacterial XXXX : a randomized prospective placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity62586 :: ('MESH:D008613', 'Chemical') :: ['mepartricin', 'Mepartricin']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['urinary dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17-beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome', 'CPPS']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity5116 :: (MESH:D011472,Disease) :: ['prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: The discovery of aquaporins has provided a new basis for studying and interpreting water relations in plants. However, slow progress has been made in elucidating the functional facets of the aquaporin-mediated water pathway in whole plant systems. While increasing experimental evidence suggests that these proteins are directly involved in mediating water homeostasis at varying environmental conditions, only a few attempts have been made to understand their contribution to overall water transport at different developmental stages. By using a chemical inhibitor ( @entity3143 ) of aquaporins function, here we present in planta evidence for both diurnal and developmental regulation of aquaporin activity in @entity3505 . We demonstrate that the greatest sensitivity of water flux to pharmacological blockage occurs at the stage of ear emergence and does not coincide with the phenological stage at which the greatest plant water uptake occurs (milky ripeness). The relationship transpiration flux (Q) vs. soil-leaf water potential difference (DeltaPsi(soil-leaves)) revealed a gradual decrease of plant resistance to water flux from tillering to milky ripeness, both in @entity3143 -treated and untreated control plants. However, the @entity349 -inhibition of water flux began to gradually increase at ear emergence, suggesting that a larger portion of water moves through aquaporins from this developmental stage on. Although the intercept of the DeltaPsi(soil-leaves)/Q regression line, i.e. the DeltaPsi required to initiate the water flux through the soil-plant-air continuum, was generally not affected by @entity349 treatment, a significant @entity349 effect on the intercept was observed at the stage of ear formation. These findings may have important implications for predicting which strategy plants utilize to optimize water use during their life cycle.

title: Developmental regulation of water uptake in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: @entity3190 and increased @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) are common features of @entity1 @entity1240 . To examine the relationships among @entity1661 , peripheral, and @entity99 , we studied 4- and 18-mo-old male @entity35 (n = 42) fed ad libitum (4 @entity1582 and 18 @entity1582 ) or moderately calorie restricted (18 CR) up to 18 mo of age. Total fat mass (FM) and @entity1661 were decreased in 18 CR to approximately one-third of that of 18 @entity1582 (P < 0.001), while lean body mass (LBM) was unchanged. Most important, 18 CR had more FM (65+/-6 vs. 45+/-6 g) but less @entity1661 (7.8+/-0.6 vs. 12.3+/-3.3 g) compared with 4 @entity1582 (P < 0.01 for both). Thus, the effects of variable @entity1661 on HIS could be assessed, independent of FM and age. Marked hepatic insulin resistance ensued with @entity1240 (18 @entity1582 ) and CR restored @entity99 to the levels of young @entity35 , while peripheral insulin sensitivity remained unchanged (by insulin clamp of 18 mU/kg/min). In fact, the rates of insulin infusion required to maintain basal hepatic @entity413 production in the presence of pancreatic clamp were 0.75+/-0.10, 1.41+/-0.13, and 0.51+/-0.12 mU/kg . min, in 4 @entity1582 , 18 @entity1582 , and 18 CR, respectively (P < 0.01 between all groups), and in 18 CR @entity35 infused with insulin at similar rates as in the 18 @entity1582 (1.4 mU/kg/min) hepatic @entity413 production was decreased by 32% (P < 0. 005). Furthermore, when 18 CR @entity35 were fed @entity1582 for 14 d, @entity1661 rapidly and selectively increased and severe hepatic insulin resistance was induced. We propose that in this animal model the age-associated decrease in hepatic (rather than peripheral) insulin action is the major determinant of fasting @entity3190 and that increased visceral adiposity plays the major role in inducing hepatic insulin resistance. Thus, interventions designed to prevent the accumulation of @entity1661 are likely to represent an effective mean to improve @entity1735 metabolism in @entity1240 .

title: Caloric restriction reverses hepatic insulin resistance in XXXX @entity35 by decreasing visceral fat.

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['visceral/abdominal fat', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1240 :: (MESH:D019588,Disease) :: ['aging']


abstract: To validate a shuttle walking test in a group of @entity1 with @entity1030 , comparing responses to those produced by a conventional stress test limited by symptoms on the cycle ergometer, and to analyze the relation between the shuttle walking test and maximal effort parameters. We enrolled 20 @entity1 with @entity1030 , mean age 60 years ( @entity168 7), FEV1/46.6% ( @entity168 19.2) of theoretical value and FEV1/FVC% 47.3% ( @entity168 11.2). All the @entity1 underwent a maximal effort test on the cycle ergometer, determination of initial @entity1353 by applying Mahler's baseline @entity1353 index, and a quality of life questionnaire specific to @entity1030 the @entity1576 Questionnaire). To compare the responses of @entity1 to the two tests, we analyzed heart rate, @entity1353 and @entity880 at the end of each test. To see the relations between the two tests, we examined distance walked and maximal effort parameters. The relation between the walking test and lung function parameters at rest, initial @entity1353 and quality of life were also analyzed. No statistically significant differences were found for heart rate [128.2 ( @entity168 19.8) versus 131.6 ( @entity168 12.9)], @entity1353 17.1 ( @entity168 1.78) versus 7.24 ( @entity168 2.64)] or @entity880 [5.24 ( @entity168 2.34) versus 6.19 ( @entity168 2.12)] at the end of the tests. Distance covered on the shuttle walking test correlated significantly with V'O2ml/min/Kgmax (r = 0.71), as well as with the remaining parameters of maximal effort. There was only a slight relation between lung function at rest and quality of life. The @entity1030 @entity1 's cardiovascular, metabolic and subjective responses to the shuttle walking test are similar to those of the cycle ergometer test, and @entity26 consumption is significantly correlated. The shuttle walking test gives a valid estimate of the functional capacity of @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: [Comparison of a shuttle walking test with an exertion test with cycloergometer in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Respiratory Disease']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']