abstract: 1. Intracellular recordings were made from myenteric neurones isolated from the @entity840 small intestine to study actions of @entity6883 ( @entity855 ). @entity855 was applied by superfusion (10 nM-100 microM) or pressure ejection from @entity855 -containing glass pipettes. 2. Myenteric neurones have been classified into two groups: type I/S neurones and type II/AH neurones. @entity855 produced a membrane hyperpolarization in 80% of AH neurones and a membrane depolarization in 90% of S neurones in a dose-dependent manner. @entity859 caused responses similar to those induced by @entity855 in both AH and S neurones, but was less effective than @entity855 . 3. The @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization was associated with a fall in input resistance, but the @entity855 -induced depolarization was accompanied by an increase in input resistance. Both responses reversed in polarity near the @entity972 equilibrium potential (-84 to -87 mV) and the reversal potential varied with extracellular @entity972 concentration, as predicted by the Nernst equation. These results indicate that the hyperpolarization is due to an increase, while the depolarization is due to a decrease in @entity972 conductance. 4. Both the hyperpolarization and the depolarization induced by @entity855 persisted in @entity460 -free solution containing 1.2 mM- @entity1760 , but were markedly reduced or abolished in @entity460 -free solutions containing 3.7-10 mM- @entity1760 and by 1 mM- @entity3406 or @entity1953 . Both responses to @entity855 persisted in @entity5128 (1-10 mM) or @entity1022 (1-3 microM)-containing solutions. 5. @entity4807 and @entity5126 (1-100 microM) reversibly depressed both the @entity855 -induced responses. @entity5834 (100 microM), @entity2544 (100 microM) and @entity1922 (1-10 microM) did not significantly affect the @entity855 -induced depolarization but did reversibly depress the @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization. 6. These results suggest that the @entity855 -induced hyperpolarization may be due to activation, and the @entity855 -induced depolarization to inactivation, of a @entity460 -sensitive @entity972 conductance.

title: @entity6883 modulates membrane XXXX conductance in @entity840 myenteric neurones.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity1922 :: ('MESH:D015056', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The use of faecal immunochemical occult blood test (FIT) has been reported to decrease mortality from @entity14 . The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gives out FIT kits to encourage opportunistic screening of @entity14 . Any Singapore citizen or permanent resident aged >=  50 years is eligible to receive two FIT kits. @entity1 with at least one positive FIT are referred for further evaluation. We aimed to analyse the results of @entity5 data from the year 2008. METHODS: The factors evaluated included compliance, positive test rate (PR) and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of FIT. RESULTS: 20,989 @entity1 received 41,978 kits in 2008. Compliance was 38.9%, with 8,156 @entity1 returning at least one kit. 8% of @entity1 tested positive, and 75% of these test-positive @entity1 agreed to undergo further investigations. 33 @entity1 had @entity14 , 45 had advanced @entity1127 (>=  1 cm) and 90 had @entity1127 < 1 cm. Histologically, 114 @entity1127 were adenomatous, 20 were @entity5072 and 1 was serrated. @entity2286 of @entity14 for those who underwent further colonoscopy was 34%. Over half of the @entity1 who had only one positive test had @entity14 . CONCLUSION: PR and @entity2286 of FIT in our study were comparable to that in the literature. However, compliance was low and a quarter of all @entity1 who tested positive refused further investigations. Extensive population education programmes are required to improve compliance and tackle inhibitions among the masses. It is also important to take steps to enhance the cost effectiveness of future screening programmes.

title: Opportunistic screening for XXXX in Singapore using faecal immunochemical occult blood test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Singapore Cancer Society', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of lacrimal obstruction type on the efficacy of lacrimal probing in the treatment of @entity1448 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in which 872 eyes of 741 @entity1 with @entity1448 underwent nasolacrimal duct probing under superficial anesthesia. Two types of @entity3885 were encountered during probing, i.e. simple and complex. They were divided into early (4 - 12 months) and late (1 - 4 years) groups based upon the age at the time of initial probing. Those refractory to the first probing underwent a second probing 4 weeks later. The main observation criterion was the success rate of probing. RESULTS: The success rate was 90.0% in early group versus 70.4% in late group (  (2) = 38.527, P < 0.01). No significant difference existed in the cure rate of simple or complex obstruction between two groups (  (2) simple = 0.054, P = 0.815,   (2) complex = 1.705, P = 0.192). The proportion of simple obstruction was 94.4% in early group versus 62.2% in late group. Difference was statistically significant (  (2) = 125.471, P < 0.01). The success rate of a second probing of simple obstruction was 61.9% in early group versus 68.2% in late group (  (2) = 0.324, P = 0.569). The success rate of a second probing of complex obstruction was 19.2% in early group versus 5.7% in late group (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.125). For either group, the success rate of a second probing of simple obstruction was higher than that of complex obstruction (  (2) early group = 16.100, P < 0.01;   (2) late group = 25.186, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Unsuccessful probing may result from the selection of complex @entity3885 . Probing should remain the first-line treatment in @entity1 above 1 year of age. The success rate with a second probing was significantly lower in @entity1 of complex obstruction. Other surgical interventions, such as @entity1346 tube intubation or balloon dacryocystoplasty, should be recommended instead of repeated probing for the @entity1 of complex obstruction if an initial probing fails.

title: [Impact of lacrimal obstruction type on the efficacy of probing for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructions']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction']


abstract: An abnormal immune response may play a pathogenic role in @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Animal models suggest that T-cell regulation may be of central importance in the inflammatory process. Our aims were the characterization of the phenotype and functional status of circulating T-cells in @entity31 @entity1 and to determine if activation-induced cell death in @entity404 and @entity405 lymphocytes in @entity1 differs from healthy controls. Forty-eight @entity1 (24 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ) fulfilling the histopathological, clinical, and immunological criteria for @entity31 were studied. T-cell phenotype and function were studied in blood lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity31 and healthy donors by flow cytometric analysis, as well as @entity665 incorporation. There were no significant differences in the percentage of T-cell subpopulations (CD3, @entity404 , @entity405 ) and NK cells in the different groups. The percentage of cells in growth phase S+G2M at two and three days of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was significantly decreased in @entity31 @entity1 , but the percentage of @entity404 + and @entity405 + cells in @entity31 @entity1 that showed apoptosis was not significantly different than that in the control group. Proliferative responses to @entity3646 also suggested that a reduced responsiveness to this cytokine may be involved in @entity31 . In conclusion, the impaired proliferative response to PHA of T lymphocytes from @entity31 @entity1 is not associated with an in vitro increase in the apoptotic response in @entity404 + or @entity405 + cells. A reduced @entity3646 response may be involved in this peculiar mitogenic response. These changes may be pathogenic or a favorable adaptive mechanism.

title: Impaired mitogenic response of peripheral blood T cells in XXXX is not due to apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The management of ultrasound (US) detected @entity1127 remains a dilemma. The aim of this study was to assess the size distribution and the outcome of US follow-up of @entity1127 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency. US reports from @entity1 examined with abdominal US in our department from January 2008 to the end of December 2009 were reviewed with a view to including all @entity1 with @entity1127 . @entity1 with @entity1127 are routinely recommended a 2-year follow-up with US every six months. The GB polyp size was recorded at baseline and at subsequent US reports. Pathology reports were finally reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity1127 to check who underwent cholecystectomy and to register the histological diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 203 @entity1 (median age 54 years; range 19-95 years) with @entity1127 were included; 89 (44%) @entity1 and 114 (56%) @entity1 . The mean polyp size was 5 mm (range 2-40 mm). In 143 @entity1 (70%) the GB polyp diameter was less than 6 mm. The first US follow-up was performed in 120 @entity1 (59%), and only 31 (15%) completed the full 2-year US follow-up programme. Polyp size was stable in 100 @entity1 , decreased in five @entity1 , increased in eight and resolved in 15 @entity1 . A total of 13 @entity1 (6%) underwent cholecystectomy. Of the 203 @entity1 , none showed neoplastic or malignant @entity1127 . CONCLUSION: We recommend that follow-up US of @entity1 with @entity1127 < 6 mm is avoided. Alternatively, the intervals between US follow-up of @entity1127 < 6 mm may be extended. FUNDING: not relevant. TRIAL REGISTRATION: not relevant.

title: Ultrasound follow-up for XXXX less than 6 mm may not be necessary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder (GB) polyps', 'GB polyps']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['gallbladder polyps']


abstract: @entity1722 gene amplification and cell surface overexpression are important factors in @entity0 for prognosis and prediction of sensitivity to anti- @entity1722 /neu monoclonal antibody therapy. In @entity2 , the clinical significance of @entity1722 expression is currently under evaluation. We investigated 238 @entity1149 for @entity1722 protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry using the HercepTest. We found 2+ or 3+ overexpression in 39 @entity1 (16%), including 35% in @entity420 and 20% in @entity152 , but only 1% of @entity957 . Marked (3+) overexpression was uncommon (4%). The association between protein expression and gene copy number per cell, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridisation assay, was investigated in 51 of these @entity5 . Twenty-seven @entity5 (53%) were negative by both tests. Marked (3+) protein expression and gene amplification were present in only 4% of samples. In 11 @entity5 (21%), gene gain was accompanied by chromosomal aneusomy and did not result in high protein levels while in 7 (14%) the score 2+ was associated with maximum number of signals per cell <9. The prognostic implication of @entity1722 protein expression was studied in 187 surgically resected @entity5 . No statistical difference in survival was observed comparing @entity1 with positive (2+/3+) and negative @entity5 (0/1+), although 3+ @entity1 showed a tendency to shorter survival. The therapeutic implications of protein expression and gene amplification in @entity2 need to be examined in prospective clinical trials.

title: Evaluation of @entity1722 gene amplification and protein expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 cells are characterized by aerobic glycolysis, which provides biomass for @entity5 proliferation and leads to extracellular acidification through efflux of @entity880 via @entity3338 transporters (MCTs). @entity5 vasculature causes variable @entity519 , which favours @entity5 cell survival and @entity3 . Brain @entity3 frequently occur in @entity1 with @entity0 .Effective treatment strategies are therefore needed against brain metastasis from @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to identify differences in the capacity for @entity880 exchange, @entity1 T-47D @entity0 cells and @entity1 @entity463 T98G cells were grown under 4 % or 20 % @entity26 conditions and examined for @entity3195 , @entity3341 and @entity3342 expression on plasma membranes by quantitative post embedding immunogold electron microscopy. Whereas previous studies on MCT expression in @entity5 have recorded mRNA and protein levels in cell extracts, we examined concentrations of the proteins in the microvillous plasma membrane protrusions specialized for transmembrane transport. RESULTS: In normoxia, both @entity5 cell types highly expressed the low affinity transporter @entity3342 , which is thought to mainly mediate @entity3338 efflux, while for high affinity transport the @entity0 cells preferentially expressed @entity3195 and the @entity1313 cells resembled brain neurons in expressing @entity3341 , rather than @entity3195 . The expressions of @entity3195 and @entity3342 were upregulated in @entity519 conditions in both @entity0 cells. The expression of @entity3341 also increased in @entity0 cells, but decreased in @entity1313 cells. Quantitative immunoblots showed similar @entity519 induced changes in the protein levels. CONCLUSION: The differential expression and regulation of MCTs in the surface membranes of @entity519 and normoxic @entity5 cells of different types provide a foundation for innovation in @entity5 therapy through the selective targeting of MCTs. Selective inhibition of various MCTs could be an efficient way to quench an important energy source in both @entity0 and @entity5 tissue in the brain.

title: Alterations of @entity3338 transporter densities during XXXX in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'hypoxic breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer', 'original breast tumour', 'breast tumour', 'breast and brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'hypoxic brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'metastatic cancer', 'tumours', 'Tumour', 'Deficient and spasm-prone tumour']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity354 ( @entity354 ) symptoms have a significant impact on @entity1 ' well-being. Onset of symptom relief is therefore an important consideration in @entity354 treatment. The primary objective was to compare the efficacy of @entity7619 (20 mg) and @entity4546 (20 mg) regarding onset of heartburn control during the first 7 days of treatment in @entity1 with @entity2681 . Secondary objectives included maintenance of sustained heartburn control, control of other @entity354 symptoms (e.g. acid regurgitation, @entity158 , @entity1282 ), effect on quality of life, @entity1 satisfaction with treatment, and adverse events. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, comparative study, performed in Europe and Iceland, @entity1 with endoscopically confirmed @entity2681 were randomized to receive once-daily treatment with @entity7619 20 mg (n=358) or @entity4546 20 mg (n=359) for 7 days. Symptoms were recorded (scored on a 5-point Likert scale) twice daily by the @entity1 on their diary cards. RESULTS: Median time to reach heartburn control was 1.5 days for both the @entity7619 and @entity4546 groups (p<0.43). The results were similar between treatments for other study parameters. Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, no significant differences were found between treatments with @entity7619 (20 mg) and @entity4546 (20 mg) in this study. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of fast-acting proton-pump inhibitors, such as @entity7619 , with respect to onset of symptom control in erosive @entity354 .

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity4546 on the onset of @entity354 symptom relief during the first seven days of treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive oesophagitis']

entities_list: @entity7619 :: ('MESH:C063129', 'Chemical') :: ['rabeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease', 'GORD']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity7619 :: (MESH:C063129,Chemical) :: ['rabeprazole']


abstract: @entity2977 (CAMs) are rare lung lesions characterized by the presence of a multicystic mass of pulmonary tissue. To clarify the surgical management of CAM of the lung, we reviewed our institutional experience with 34 @entity1 with histologically documented CAM. Symptoms developed in the first 2 days of life in 20 @entity1 ; 14 @entity1 developed symptoms a median of 69 days (range, 22 days to 15 years) after birth. A diagnosis of CAM was confirmed at thoracotomy in all @entity1 . Four @entity1 were treated with a limited pulmonary resection for disease confined to one lobe. Seven @entity1 underwent a composite resection involving a lobectomy plus limited resection of the second lobe. One @entity1 underwent pneumonectomy for a severely malformed lung. The remainder of the @entity1 were treated with anatomic lobectomy. The only recurrence was a @entity1 who had a partial cystectomy performed at the initial operation. We conclude that in the appropriate @entity600 subtype, limited pulmonary reactions can preserve lung tissue and may prevent subsequent complications of CAM.

title: Limited pulmonary resections for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity2977 :: (MESH:D015615,Disease) :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intermittent @entity4145 , and its consequence,intermittent @entity3041 is a difficult condition to identify. The renal collecting system is not dilated between the episodes of @entity490 attacks and a prompt investigation is hard to carry out during the time of @entity158 crisis. Therefore, most of the @entity1 are initially misdiagnosed. AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence and the clinical characteristics of this phenomenon in @entity1 operated in the Department of Urological Surgery, Heim P  l @entity1 Hospital, Budapest, Hungary. @entity1 AND METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 operated for @entity3041 between 2008 and 2012 were reviewed. The occurrence rate and clinical features of intermittent @entity3041 were analyzed. RESULTS: 76 @entity1 were operated for @entity4145 , of which 10 met the criteria of intermittent @entity3041 . The average interval between the onset of symptoms and the final diagnosis was 2 years and 4 months. In 7 @entity1 pyeloplasty, and in 3 @entity1 nephrectomy were performed. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent @entity3041 represents a well-defined proportion among cases operated for @entity3041 . The delay in diagnosis led to the loss of the kidney in one third of the @entity1 , and this finding urges for the awareness of health professionals for this phenomenon. In case of recurrent @entity490 of unknown etiology one must suspect a urological origin, even if a previous abdominal ultrasound showed normal kidneys.

title: [Intermittent XXXX in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['pelviureteric junction obstruction']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1243 plays an important role in energy homeostasis. There is polymorphism on the @entity1243 ( @entity1243 ) gene. Our aim was to compare the tetranucleotide repeat (TTTC)(n) polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region in the @entity1243 gene on DNA samples from @entity1 with @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ), @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet ( @entity2102 ) syndrome and healthy pregnant controls. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from healthy pregnant @entity1 (n=88), @entity1 with @entity1468 (n=79) and @entity2102 (n=77) syndrome. Fluorescent PCR and DNA fragment analysis was performed from the isolated DNA for the detection of (TTTC) repeats. The electrophoretograms were evaluated and @entity1 were assigned to two groups; class I low (<190 bp) or class II high (> or =190 bp) PCR fragments. RESULTS: We observed similar distributions of the class I and class II (TTTC) alleles in the groups studied (class I allele: healthy pregnant 58.5%; severe pre-eclamptic 58.3%; @entity2102 52.6%). We detected a higher frequency of the II/II genotype in @entity2102 @entity1 (32.4%) compared to healthy controls (22.7%). However, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In an ethnically homogenous population, the @entity1243 gene (TTTC) microsatellite polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region does not show a significant difference in the allele and genotype distribution in healthy pregnant, pre-eclamptic and @entity2102 @entity1 . Furthermore, we recommend a new classification of the class I and class II alleles based on the distribution of the (TTTC) microsatellites.

title: XXXX gene (TTTC)(n) microsatellite polymorphism in @entity1468 and @entity2102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP', 'HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['Leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of an episcleral or deep scleral lamellar sustained release @entity205 ( @entity870 ) device in a naturally occurring animal model of @entity1596 . METHODS: A two-compartment perfusion chamber was used to assess in vitro @entity1 and @entity1641 scleral permeability of @entity941 , @entity619 - @entity941 , or @entity870 . A biodegradable, matrix-reservoir @entity870 implant was designed, and release rates of @entity870 were determined in vitro. Tissue @entity870 levels were measured in eyes with the implant. @entity1641 with @entity1641 recurrent @entity1596 (ERU) received episcleral or deep scleral lamellar @entity870 implants and were monitored for up to 3 years. RESULTS: @entity619 - @entity941 and @entity870 penetrated the in vitro @entity1641 sclera poorly; however, low but detectable levels of @entity870 were detected intraocularly in vivo. The implant placed episclerally failed to control inflammatory episodes in ERU. @entity870 implants placed in the deep sclera adjacent to the suprachoroidal space resulted in high levels of @entity870 in most ocular tissues. In clinical @entity1641 @entity1 with ERU, frequency of uveitic flare-ups was significantly decreased after implantation of a deep scleral lamellar @entity870 implant. CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion of @entity870 across the sclera from the episcleral space was not a feasible method of drug delivery to the @entity1641 eye. However, placing a deep scleral lamellar @entity870 implant adjacent to the suprachoroidal space was effective in achieving therapeutic ocular drug concentrations and controlling @entity1596 in @entity1641 with ERU.

title: A novel bioerodible deep scleral lamellar cyclosporine implant for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horses', 'equine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The indications for hepatectomy for @entity14 are becoming clear with increasing experience reported. For other primary diseases, however, the overall number of cases is relatively small, and it is more difficult to derive clear guidelines. This paper reviews the reported experience of hepatectomy for @entity3 from non-colorectal gastrointestinal primary @entity5 , @entity0 and @entity17588 . The aim is to determine for each whether and under what circumstances hepatectomy is indicated. METHODS: A Medline search was used to identify papers reporting hepatectomy for @entity3 from @entity14 , @entity0 and @entity17588 . The data collected included the @entity66 , the number of cases reported, the survival post-hepatectomy and any prognostic factors associated with outcome. RESULTS: Of the @entity344 , hepatectomy for gastric @entity3 yields a 5-year survival, roughly half that reported for @entity14 , and further elucidation of prognostic factors would be desirable. Results were poor for other @entity344 . Good results were reported for breast and @entity17588 . CONCLUSION: Of the non-colorectal gastrointestinal primaries, at present only hepatectomy for gastric @entity3 can be cautiously recommended. For nongastrointestinal primaries, hepatic @entity3 probably represent widespread dissemination even if occult, and therefore, hepatectomy may only be of use when effective adjuvant treatments are available.

title: Hepatectomy for metastatic noncolorectal gastrointestinal, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity17588 :: ('MESH:C562472', 'Disease') :: ['testicular teratomas', 'testicular teratoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal disease', 'non-colorectal gastrointestinal carcinomas', 'colorectal or neuroendocrine metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and testicular tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Emergency re-revascularization and invasive/noninvasive interventions in intensive care unit (ICU) are two main treatment methods in @entity1167 following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We evaluated the short- and long-term consequences of these two methods and discussed the indications for re-revascularization. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2004, a total of 148 CABG @entity1 , who were complicated with @entity1167 , were treated with emergency re-revascularization (n = 36, group R) and ICU procedures (n = 112, group ICU). Re-revascularizations are mostly blind operations depending on clinical/hemodynamic criteria. These are: no response to resuscitation, recurrent @entity591 /fibrillation, and severe @entity1344 after resuscitation. Re-angiography could only be performed in 3.3% of the @entity1 . Event-free survival of the groups was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Events are: death, recurrent angina, @entity583 , functional capacity, and reintervention. RESULTS: Seventy percent of @entity1 , who were complicated with @entity1167 , had perioperative @entity583 (PMI). This rate was significantly higher in group R (p = 0.013). The major finding in group R was graft occlusion (91.6%). During in-hospital period, no difference was observed in mortality rates between the two groups. However, hemodynamic stabilization time (p = 0.012), duration of hospitalization (p = 0.00006), and mechanical support use (p = 0.003) significantly decreased by re-revascularization. During the mean 37.1 +/- 25.1 months of follow-up period, long-term mortality (p = 0.03) and event-free survival (p = 0.029) rates were significantly in favor of group R. CONCLUSION: Better short- and long-term results were observed in the re-revascularization group.

title: Results of treatment methods in XXXX following coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal @entity63 after cardiac surgery is a rare but severe complication with a high mortality. Early surgery can be lifesaving. The aim was to analyze the incidence, outcome, and risk factors for these @entity1 . METHODS: A prospectively collected database with @entity1 who underwent 18,879 cardiac surgical procedures between 1996 and 2011 was investigated. All @entity1 with registered @entity344 were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare @entity1 with and without @entity63 . RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 suffered from @entity63 (0.09%), 10 of whom (59%) died. By investigating preoperative parameters independent risk factors were @entity230 , @entity1095 , @entity1455 , and New York Heart Association class 4. When including pre-, per-, and postoperative parameters, only postoperative ones were significant, including elevated @entity1011 (> 200  mol/L), prolonged ventilator time, need for intra-aortic balloon pump, and cerebrovascular insult (CVI). The @entity344 score (GICS) showed a ROC area of 0.87. This was superior compared with EuroSCORE (0.74), to predict @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal @entity63 after cardiac surgery is more common in @entity1 with a poor cardiac state, but the use of @entity230 , @entity1095 , @entity177 , and CVI were also predictive. GICS score, developed for all @entity532 after cardiac surgery, is also of value in predicting this particular complication. The risk factors presented can be used as an aid in the diagnosis of these @entity1 .

title: Intestinal XXXX after cardiac surgery: analysis of a large registry.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['GI complications']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: Adverse effects following occupational exposure to @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are mainly carcinogenic. The available epidemiological data suggest that some substances and industrial processes, in which @entity2556 exposure is frequent, are classified as carcinogenic to @entity1 : primary @entity5715 industry, cola gasification, coke production, @entity68 and steel foundry, coal tar, pitch, creosote, untreated mineral oils, asphalt, soot. The target organs are mainly lung, bladder, skin. Other relevant effects are @entity272 such as @entity14663 . The studies on early biological effects (chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei) have shown contradictory results, mainly because of differences in exposure intensity. The metabolic polymorphism may account for a higher susceptibility to lung and @entity150 following exposure to risk factors; the role of @entity2556 occupational exposure is however to be examined, and the use of indicators of genetic susceptibility is currently limited to research programs. Health surveillance for @entity2556 exposed workers is funded on the Italian laws (DPR 303/56 and D.Lgs. 626/94) and it is mainly dedicated to prevention of carcinogenic effects. Preventive examinations should consider @entity2556 target organs (skin, lung, bladder, larynx) and look for early signs and symptoms. Particular attention will be paid to life habits such as @entity286 smoking or diseases which could represent condition of susceptibility. Periodical examinations (every six months) will similarly evaluate @entity2556 target organs. Health surveillance is also programmed for formerly exposed workers and the institution of exposure and @entity5 registries is mandatory. On the basis of the current scientific data, it is not advisable the use of @entity5 markers or cytogenetic tests at the individual level as well as the screening of asymptomatic @entity2556 exposed workers for early diagnosis of lung or @entity150 . Information and formation activities will be part of medical examinations and will be included in specific programs in cooperation with other company functions.

title: [The toxicology and prevention of the risks of occupational exposure to XXXX . III. The effects: epidemiological evidence, early effects. Individual hypersusceptibility. Health surveillance].

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons']


abstract: @entity1949 can be a major stressor to microbial life in surface and subsurface soil. In unsaturated soils, the matric potential (  (m)) is often the main component of the water potential, which measures the thermodynamic availability of water. A low matric potential usually translates into water forming thin liquid films in the soil pores. Little is known of how bacteria respond to such conditions, where, in addition to facing @entity1949 that might impair their metabolism, they have to adapt their dispersal strategy as swimming motility may be compromised. Using the pressurized porous surface model (PPSM), which allows creation of thin liquid films by controlling   (m), we examined the transcriptome dynamics of @entity26731 . We identified the differentially expressed genes in cells exposed to a mild matric stress (-0.4 MPa) for 4, 24, or 72 h. The major response was detected at 4 h before gradually disappearing. Upregulation of alginate genes was notable in this early response. Flagellar genes were not downregulated, and the microarray data even suggested increasing expression as the stress prolonged. Moreover, we tested the effect of @entity968 ( @entity968 ), a nonpermeating solute often used to simulate   (m), on the gene expression profile and detected a different profile than that observed by directly imposing   (m). This study is the first transcriptome profiling of @entity26731 under directly controlled   (m) and also the first to show the difference in gene expression profiles between a @entity968 -simulated and a directly controlled   (m).

title: Transcriptome dynamics of XXXX under water stress.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Water deprivation', 'water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['PEG 8000', 'polyethylene glycol 8000']

answer: @entity26731 :: (160488,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida KT2440']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increase of life expectancy causes a rising number of partially sighted. Therefore our Department of Ophthalmology has founded a laboratory for partially sighted 7 years ago. To optimize @entity1 care, the results were now reinvestigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the present study, 125 @entity1 were selected by geographical aspects (home nearby clinic) from the lab's pool. After a 3 month minimum period of using the @entity4064 aid (LVA) @entity1 were visited at their homes. Near visual acuity, distance visual acuity, magnification, and contrast sensitivity were studied under domestic and optimized conditions of illumination. @entity1 were interviewed in detail to investigate their habits of LVA use. RESULTS: An overall number of 94 @entity1 (66 females and 28 males) could be evaluated. The most @entity1 were between 80 and 84 years old. @entity227 was attributable mostly to @entity1020 (55%) and @entity6 (21%). Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity decreased during the period of investigation. 79% of the @entity1 had a unsatisfactory domestic illumination (< 1000 lx). Only 23% of the @entity1 used their LVA at a fixed location. Main field of using LVA was reading (68%). The LVA were rarely used for writing and other fields of practice. 76% of LVA were used daily, more than 50% for a maximal duration of 1 h/d. Magnifiers were preferably used for short-time activities. Closed circuit television systems (CCTV) had a very good acceptance. Telescopes were characterized by a very high rate of rejection. The number of non-used LVA was approximately a fifth. Reasons were decreased visual acuity, impractical handling, missing introduction by delivering optician (54%) as well as unsatisfactory illumination. CONCLUSIONS: Improved @entity1 care can be obtained by regular check-up visits (6 months), enhanced illumination, @entity4064 training, home visits, multi-disciplinary care and modified prescription of LVA.

title: [At home utilization of XXXX aids by the visually impaired].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Vision impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['low-vision']


abstract: In conscious @entity235 , 36-h @entity1949 induced a significant @entity101 (RBF) with elevation of the plasma @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ) concentration to 9.6 +/- 1.8 pg/ml. To simulate such a condition, a mild elevation of plasma @entity1831 was produced by infusing @entity1831 intravenously at a dose of 0.1 ng.kg-1.min-1 for 20 min. The plasma @entity1831 concentration then increased to 6.8 +/- 0.7 pg/ml. This dose of @entity1831 increased the RBF by 21.7 +/- 2.6% and decreased the renal vascular resistance by 18.1 +/- 2.3% without significant changes in mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, or heart rate. The mechanism of this renal vasodilatory action was examined using newly developed, orally effective, selective @entity1831 antagonists @entity12657 (a V1-receptor antagonist) and @entity31409 (a V2-receptor antagonist). In 36-h water-deprived @entity235 , V2-receptor blockade with @entity31409 significantly decreased the RBF by 20.5 +/- 2.6% without significant changes in cardiac output. The exogenous @entity1831 -induced renal vasodilatory response tended to be augmented when V1 receptors were blocked by pretreatment with @entity12657 , but the change did not achieve statistical significance. On the other hand, V2-receptor blockade by either pretreatment with @entity31409 or simultaneous infusion of @entity31409 inhibited this vasodilatory response. Furthermore, intravenous infusion of @entity7580 ( @entity7062 ) at a dose of 0.3 ng.kg-1 x min-1 for 20 min significantly increased the RBF by 36.5 +/- 1.7%, and this @entity7062 -induced @entity8 was inhibited by simultaneous infusion of V2-receptor antagonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Arginine vasopressin produces XXXX via V2 receptors in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vasodilation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in renal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity7580 :: ('CHEBI:4450', 'Chemical') :: ['1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal vasodilation']


abstract: Our early experience with Selectron MDR in treating @entity5 @entity1 at Osaka University Hospital is presented. From May 1991 through December 1992, a total of 22 @entity1 (stage Ia, 1; stage Ib, 3; stage IIa, 1; stage IIb, 2; stage IIIb, 13 and stage IVa, 2) with previously untreated @entity5 and intact uterus were treated with mid-dose rate intracavitary therapy administered with a Selectron. A rigid applicator made of stainless steel for the Selectron was used for the treatment. The 137Cs source had an activity of 1.48 GBq as of reference time. Source loading corresponded to the Manchester System. Early @entity5 responses for all @entity1 were complete. No @entity6937 has been observed. There have been two local recurrences in stage IIIb @entity1 . One of them developed para-aortic lymph node @entity3 and died from distant @entity3 . Another @entity1 in stage IIIb had para-aortic and left supraclavicular lymph node @entity3 and died from distant @entity3 . Four @entity1 developed @entity548 (grade 1, 3; grade 3, 1). One of them had been treated for @entity2150 with @entity134 . The cause of grade 3 @entity548 was considered to be technical failure in intracavitary application. The remaining two @entity1 recovered without treatment. From our early experience, it is concluded that Selectron MDR can be used for @entity5 @entity1 as safely and effectively as our previously used high-dose rate machine.

title: Mid-dose rate intracavitary therapy for XXXX with a Selectron: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'uterine cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute radiation injury']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: In major cerebral @entity432 , @entity1 with increased @entity26 extraction fraction (OEF), which is measured with PET, may be at increased risk for @entity2806 . However, the clinical significance of @entity519 remains unclear. This study investigated whether @entity519 is an independent predictor of 5-y risk of subsequent @entity64 . METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the relationship between the regional hemodynamic status of cerebral circulation and the subsequent risk of @entity64 in 40 @entity1 with symptomatic internal carotid or middle cerebral @entity432 who underwent PET. @entity1 were divided into two hemodynamic categories according to the mean hemispheric value of OEF-in the hemisphere supplied by the artery with symptomatic disease: one group with @entity519 and one with normal OEF. All @entity1 were followed for 5 y with medical treatment until the recurrence of @entity64 or @entity204 . RESULTS: During 5 y, 11 total and 9 ipsilateral @entity385 occurred. The incidences of all @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity519 and in those with normal OEF were 5 of 7 and 6 of 33 @entity1 , respectively. There were 4 ipsilateral @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity519 and 5 in those with normal OEF. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the risks of all @entity64 and ipsilateral @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity519 were significantly higher than in those with normal OEF (log-rank test; P<0.0002 and P<0.0018, respectively). Multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model showed that @entity519 significantly increased @entity64 recurrence: the relative risk was 7.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-25.5; P<0.005) for all @entity64 and 6.4 (95% CI, 1.6-26.1; P<0.01) for @entity64 . An increase in the absolute OEF value was a better predictor of recurrent @entity385 than was OEF asymmetry. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that an @entity519 is an independent predictor of 5-y risk of subsequent @entity64 . Identification of @entity1 with @entity519 may have clinical significance in preventing recurrent @entity64 .

title: Significance of increased XXXX extraction fraction in five-year prognosis of major cerebral @entity432 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['increased OEF']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive diseases']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis has been shown to correlate positively with the presence of @entity3 in some @entity5 , but has not been studied in invasive @entity957 . Fifty cases of invasive @entity957 were studied in an effort to correlate angiogenesis with stage, survival, and pattern of invasion. METHODS: These @entity1 were diagnosed between 1987 and 1993. Microvessels were identified immunohistochemically using antibody to Factor VIII, and areas of greatest microvessel density associated with @entity5 were counted. The pattern of invasion was categorized as "spray," "pushing," or "mixed." The mean microvessel count was correlated with surgical and clinical stage, pattern of invasion, and survival. RESULTS: Mean microvessel counts in surgical stage I/II cases (31.1 +/- 7.3) were not significantly different from stage III/IV cases (26.3 +/- 8.6) (P = 0.089). Similarly mean microvessel counts in clinical stage I/II cases (31.6 +/- 11.9) were not significantly different from stage III/IV cases (27.0 +/- 8.7) (P = 0.198). Seventeen @entity1 who died of disease had mean counts of 26.1 +/- 6.4, while 21 @entity1 alive with or without evidence of disease had counts of 31.1 +/- 10.8 (P = 0.087). Mean microvessel counts did not vary significantly with the spray pattern (30.1 +/- 8. 7), pushing pattern (31.4 +/- 12.9), or mixed pattern of invasion (31.4 +/- 12.9) (P = 0.920). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 angiogenesis in @entity957 does not correlate positively with stage, survival, or pattern of invasion and cannot be used as a prognostic indicator.

title: @entity5 angiogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['vulvar squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical experience in diagnosis, management and outcome of elderly @entity1 presenting with @entity697 at the Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt. METHODS: All @entity1 of age 60 years and above presenting with @entity490 were prospectively reviewed. @entity1 who were diagnosed as @entity697 were included in this case series which was conducted at Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt, from December 2006 to May 2008. Detailed history and clinical examination, co-morbid conditions, clinical manifestations and post-operative outcome were recorded. The diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical examination. The diagnosis was also confirmed on histopathology. All the details were recorded on a questionnaire. Approval from our own ethical committee was taken. SPSS 16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 75 @entity1 presented with acute @entity490 . Of them 42 were admitted with tenderness in right iliac fossa and lower abdomen. Finally, 36 (48%) were diagnosed as @entity697 and were included in the study. There were 20(56%) @entity1 and 16(44%) @entity1 with age range of 60 to 78 years and a mean age of 65.5 +/- 4.2 years. @entity221 occurred in 25(70%) @entity1 . Symptoms included @entity490 in 32(90%), @entity390 in 17(48%), and emesis in 9(25%) @entity1 . Signs included right lower quadrant tenderness in 26(74%) @entity1 , @entity491 in 17(47.2%), and @entity221 (>99'F) in 11(30.5%). Laparoscopy was used as an important diagnostic as well as therapeutic modality. Of the @entity1 , 9 (25%) had @entity2466 , while 12 (33.3%) had @entity2466 . A total of 12 (33.4%) @entity1 developed complications. Hospital stay was considerably increased in @entity1 with a delayed diagnosis (5-7 days), perforations (5-9 days) and @entity260 (5-15 days). One @entity1 , a known case of @entity299 , died of @entity1167 . CONCLUSION: @entity697 needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of all @entity1 with @entity490 . A high index of suspicion is necessary to guard against mis-diagnosis, especially in the elderly. Delays in presentation and diagnosis are associated with higher rates of perforation and, hence, higher morbidity. Repeated clinical examination, a high index of suspicion and urgent investigations are necessary for a correct and rapid diagnosis.

title: XXXX in the elderly; Pakistan Ordnance Factories Hospital, Wah Cantt. experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendix', 'gangrenous appendix']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Associated illness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) among @entity1 with @entity308 by using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of a matched cohort of 23,180 @entity1 (4,634 @entity1 with @entity308 and 18,544 control @entity1 ) who were selected from the NHIRD. @entity1 were observed for a maximum of 10 years to determine the rates of new-onset @entity191 , and Cox regression was used to identify the predictors of @entity191 . We also examined the risk of @entity191 after excluding @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity191 within 2 or 5 years after their @entity308 diagnosis. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors associated with @entity191 onset in @entity1 with @entity308 . RESULTS: During the 10-year follow-up period, 66 @entity1 with @entity308 (1.42%) and 97 control @entity1 (0.52%) were diagnosed with @entity191 . After adjusting for age and sex, @entity1 with @entity308 were 3.24 times more likely to develop @entity191 (95% confidence interval 2.36-4.44, p < 0.001) compared with the control @entity1 . After excluding @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity191 within 2 or 5 years after their @entity308 diagnosis, @entity1 with @entity308 had a higher hazard ratio for developing @entity191 than the control @entity1 . The odds ratios for age (1.09) and @entity308 (2.18) showed that each is an independent risk factor for @entity191 in @entity1 with @entity308 . CONCLUSION: The likelihood of developing @entity191 is greater among @entity1 with @entity308 than @entity1 without @entity308 . @entity308 may be an independent risk factor for @entity191 .

title: Risk of @entity191 after XXXX : a nationwide population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'difficult-to-treat depression']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: This longitudinal study investigates the impact of social participation, trust and the combinations of social participation and trust on the incidence of first time @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the population of Scania, southern Sweden. It is based on the cross-sectional 2000 public-health survey in Scania with a 59% participation rate and 13,604 @entity1 , and prospective morbidity/mortality data collected for three years (January 2000-December 2002). The study cohort was followed prospectively to examine first ever @entity583 . Hazard rate ratios (HRR) for first time @entity583 in the social participation, trust and social participation/trust combinations were calculated in a Cox regression model with adjustments for age, sex, education, economic stress, daily smoking, leisure time physical activity, body mass index (BMI), and self-reported health. The prevalence of @entity258 was 32.8% among @entity1 and 31.5% among @entity1 . The prevalence of low trust was 40.0% among @entity1 and 44.2% among @entity1 . The three-year first time @entity583 rate was significantly higher among @entity1 with higher age, low education, daily smoking, poor self-reported health (among @entity1 ), @entity258 , and the combinations of @entity258 /high trust and @entity258 /low trust. The results show that @entity258 but not trust was significantly associated with first time @entity583 after adjustment for age and sex. The positive association between @entity258 and @entity583 remained significant after further adjustments for education, economic stress, daily smoking, physical activity and BMI, and became not significant only after additional adjustment for self-reported health, HRR 1.3 (0.9-2.0). High trust in combination with @entity258 as well as low social capital (low trust/ @entity258 ) were significantly associated with @entity583 , but after multiple adjustments only the @entity258 /high trust category remained significant, HRR 1.6 (1.0-2.6).

title: Social capital, the miniaturisation of community, traditionalism and first time XXXX : a prospective cohort study in southern Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low social participation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Neutrophils (PMN) have been implicated as mediators of the @entity5721 which occurs in skeletal muscle after @entity63 . This study was performed to measure PMN phagocytosis and @entity6722 after 3 hr of @entity63 followed by 1 hr of reperfusion in a model where a significant @entity5721 occurred. Baseline blood samples were drawn from an ear artery from New Zealand white @entity95 for PMN and serum. The right iliac and femoral arteries were clamped for 3 hr which resulted in a severe clinical @entity5721 . Just prior to clamp release, blood was harvested from the right iliac vein. After 1 hr of reperfusion, blood was again harvested from the right iliac vein. Phagocytosis was measured by the percentage ingestion of zymosan beads by the PMN. The zymosan beads had been opsonized with baseline (b), @entity63 ( @entity63 ), or reperfusion (r) serum. Results for phagocytosis revealed no difference for (b) PMN when opsonized by (b), ( @entity63 ), or (r) serum. A significant increase was seen in ( @entity63 ) PMN phagocytosis when ( @entity63 ) or (r) serum was present. Also, a significant increase in (r) PMN phagocytosis was seen when ( @entity63 ) serum was present (ANOVA: F = 14.47; P = 0.0002). Chemotaxis was evaluated by the number of PMN migrating across a filter. Serum obtained from (b), ( @entity63 ), and (r) blood samples served as the chemoattractants. Significant increases in @entity6722 were observed for (b), ( @entity63 ), and (r) PMN when ( @entity63 ) serum was used as the chemoattractant (ANOVA: F = 7.11; P = 0.0025). We conclude: (1) @entity95 PMN harvested after @entity63 and reperfusion demonstrated increased phagocytosis when ( @entity63 ) serum was present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neutrophil (PMN) phagocytosis and XXXX after @entity5721 .

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: The analysis of cytokine production is increasingly important in defining the course of an immune response and in evaluating specific therapies of @entity1200 . In @entity309 ( @entity309 ), a dysregulation in T1/T2 cell balance, as defined by the production of their specific cytokines, @entity379 and @entity3646 , respectively, is suggested. A predominance of T1-cell mediated macrophage activity in the joint plays a key role in the destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone, whereas local T2 cell activity, mitigating disease, fails. However, analysis of the cytokines defining both T cell subsets is difficult and spontaneous production is often below detection limits. Several stimuli are therefore used to increase cytokine production. In the present study we examined whether stimulation of peripheral blood T cells in the context of mononuclear cells (PB MNC) by CD3- @entity1361 is a reliable method for assessing @entity379 and @entity3646 production and is representative for the spontaneous production of these cytokines. The production of @entity379 and @entity3646 following CD3- @entity1361 stimulation of @entity309 PB MNC correlated significantly in a ratio 1 : 1 with production following @entity1360 - @entity4515 stimulation. In samples with detectable spontaneous production of @entity379 and @entity3646 , production following CD3- @entity1361 stimulation was significantly higher than in stimulated samples with undetectable spontaneous production. Moreover, in the case of spontaneous production there was a significant positive linear correlation between the CD3- @entity1361 stimulated and spontaneous @entity379 and @entity3646 production, although production of both cytokines was not equally enhanced. Serial sampling did not show significant daily or weekly variation in stimulated cytokine production. The results demonstrate that a pecific T-cell stimulation by CD3- @entity1361 is a reliable way to enhance @entity379 and @entity3646 production above the detection limit and so measure the T1/T2 cell balance in @entity309 .

title: Lymphocyte stimulation by CD3- XXXX enables detection of low T cell interferon-gamma and @entity3646 production in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune diseases']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large retrospective archival studies of S-phase fraction ( @entity10359 ) measured by DNA flow cytometry in @entity1 with @entity0 have shown its long-term prognostic relevance. However, contradictory results have also been reported, some of them being related to the various methods of @entity10359 calculation using different commercially available software. METHODS: DNA flow cytometric list mode data, initially computed with Cellfit software, were blindly reanalyzed using Modfit and Multicycle software. The data, acquired prospectively between 1990 and 2003 from cytologic fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples of 397 @entity1 with @entity0 , were compared with @entity1 outcome with a median follow-up of 99 months (8.2 yrs). RESULTS: Measurement of @entity10359 was successful in 321 (81.7%), 362 (92.1%), and 335 cases (85.2%) by means of the Cellfit, Modfit, and Multicycle software programs, respectively. In 306 cases (77.9%), @entity10359 values were obtained using all 3 methods. Comparisons between @entity10359 measurements showed a good agreement between Modfit and Multicycle computations. In the series of 306 @entity1 , @entity10359 median values of 2.5%, 4.3%, and 5.45% for Cellfit, Modfit, and Multicycle, respectively, were also found to be statistically different. Regardless of the software used, high @entity10359 defined as above the median value was an independent factor of prognosis in a multivariate analysis including all traditional clinicopathologic parameters. It is noteworthy that this was also observed in the subgroups of @entity1 either treated by primary surgery for an early @entity5 (n = 133) or by neoadjuvant chemotherapy for a locally advanced @entity0 (n = 173). CONCLUSIONS: The data in the current study supported the prognostic relevance of @entity10359 measurement in predicting the long-term overall survival of @entity1 with early-stage or locally advanced invasive @entity0 .

title: S-phase fraction as an independent prognostic factor of long-term overall survival in XXXX with early-stage or locally advanced invasive @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extragonadal germ cell @entity5 (GCTs) are relatively uncommon @entity5 , affecting primarily @entity1 during the third and fourth decades of life. CASE REPORT: We describe an unusual case of @entity4797 in a 21-year-old male on chronic peritoneal dialysis for @entity177 of uncertain etiology. The @entity1 was treated with chemotherapy consisting of @entity2879 and @entity900 (EP) combined with hemodialysis. @entity900 (20 mg/m(2)), and @entity2879 (50 mg/m(2)) were given on days 1, 3, and 5 for induction. Hemodialysis was started 1 h after completion of @entity2879 infusion. Following this course of treatment, another 4 cycles of @entity900 (20 mg/m(2)), and @entity2879 (50 mg/m(2)) were given on successive days from day 1 to 5. Hemodialysis was carried out daily, prior to the start of chemotherapy. Subcutaneous @entity970 -filgrastim was given on day 6 in all cycles. The @entity1 's status after the first post-induction treatment was complicated by a @entity2782 . @entity5 response to chemotherapy was prompt with remission lasting to date, 17 months after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: This case report is the second description of chemotherapy given to a hemodialysis @entity1 with extragonadal GCT. We suggest that treatment with EP combined with hemodialysis according to the presented protocol is feasible, and may result in a favorable outcome.

title: Successful treatment of XXXX in a hemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomonas infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['mediastinal seminoma']


abstract: During the past 10 years, considerable attention has been devoted to @entity73 in @entity15 . Occasionally this impairment may be so severe that @entity15 presents as a @entity303 associated with only minor neurological signs and symptoms. The cases of two @entity1 affected by @entity15 who presented with a pure @entity303 are reported. In the first @entity1 , a progressive apragmatic behavioural disturbance with reduced short term memory and learning abilities were the main clinical features. Neuropathological examination of the brain disclosed numerous plaques in the periventricular white matter, with severe @entity194 . Plaques were also seen in the white matter of both hippocampus and in the columns of the fornix. The @entity73 could be linked to these lesions. Behavioural changes were probably related to the bilateral lesions of the long associative bundles that disconnected the frontal lobes from other parts of the cerebral hemispheres. In the second @entity1 , @entity1833 were associated with @entity73 . MRI showed large plaques in the white matter of both @entity1315 . Smaller plaques were also present in the periventricular white matter of the occipital lobes, the nature of which were confirmed by a stereotactic biopsy.

title: @entity303 in two histologically confirmed cases of XXXX : one case with @entity303 and one case associated with psychiatric symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'impairment of short term memory', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal and temporal lobes']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective analysis of eight new cases of radiation-induced @entity242 following radiotherapy for @entity0 and literature review. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 presenting with radiation-induced @entity242 after radiotherapy for @entity0 have been treated between 1983 and 1997 at Henri Mondor University Hospital (France). Eight of these @entity1 respected the criteria established by Cahan et al. The others had @entity12652 and were thus excluded from the analysis. Only one of the eight @entity1 had received chemotherapy. All of the @entity1 at the time of diagnosis of radiation-induced @entity242 were free of @entity0 recurrence. Radiation-induced @entity242 appeared with a latency period of 5 to 18 years (mean: 10.3 years). @entity1 ' ages ranged from 39 to 88 years (mean: 57.6 years) at the time of diagnosis of @entity242 . Three @entity242 occurred in the treated breast, two in the chest wall, one in the preclavicular area and two in the axillary region. There were two @entity5426 , three @entity1492 , one @entity421 , one @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ), and one @entity3491 . All @entity1 have received treatment for their @entity242 : all of them underwent surgery, one @entity1 combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and three @entity1 chemotherapy. RESULTS: Two @entity1 were alive and free from disease. Six @entity1 died (5-34 months); all six had local and/or metastatic recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy can induce @entity5 after a latent period of several years. Radiation-induced @entity242 are associated with poor overall prognosis. The treatment in most of the cases is late and ineffective, therefore careful follow-up is needed. There are still many uncertainties and questions about radiation-induced @entity242 .

title: [Radiation-induced @entity242 after XXXX . Apropos of 8 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity12652 :: ('MESH:C537491', 'Disease') :: ['Stewart-Treves Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The frequency and the degree of recovery of anterior @entity51 in @entity1 with @entity2013 responsive to @entity9229 are not clear. Our aim was to evaluate pituitary function in these @entity1 with particular reference to an assessment of the possible restoration of @entity51 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The records of all subjects prospectively presenting to our Department with @entity2013 treated with @entity9229 over a 2-year period were reviewed. Pituitary function was assessed at diagnosis and, if abnormal, for three consecutive years for the GH, FSH/LH and ACTH axes, and at 3 years for the TSH axis. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were included. @entity2338 was found in 83% at diagnosis and did not resolve in any @entity1 at last assessment. @entity24859 was found in 90% at diagnosis and in 50% at last evaluation (showing reversal in 44% of deficient @entity1 , all achieved within 1 year). @entity16054 was found in 17% at diagnosis and it did not reverse in any @entity1 at last assessment. @entity1220 was found in 36% at diagnosis and in 27% at last assessment (reversal in 25% of deficient @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, in a group of @entity1 with @entity2013 systematically assessed at intervals, @entity4611 in response to @entity9229 was found to be mostly irreversible, except for the gonadotroph axis which showed restoration in a subset of subjects following achievement of normoprolactinaemia. It would appear that the reversibility of pituitary axes may be less common than previously thought.

title: Does hypopituitarism recover when XXXX are treated with @entity9229 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['Severe GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['macroprolactinoma', 'macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity1220 :: ('MESH:D006964', 'Disease') :: ['TSH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary deficits', 'pituitary hormone deficits']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity24859 :: ('MESH:C536961', 'Disease') :: ['Gonadotrophin deficiency']

answer: @entity2013 :: (MESH:D015175,Disease) :: ['macroprolactinomas']


abstract: CONTEXT: Thyroid hormones have a dramatic effect on @entity1 behavior. However, their role on sexual behavior and performance has seldom been investigated in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity250 in @entity1 with @entity1375 and their resolution after normalization of thyroid hormone levels. DESIGN AND SETTING: We conducted a multicenter prospective study at endocrinology and andrology clinics in university hospitals. @entity1 : The study included 48 adult @entity1 , 34 with @entity1378 and 14 with @entity1375 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were screened for @entity458 ( @entity458 ), @entity323 ( @entity323 ), @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ), and @entity2754 ( @entity2754 ) on presentation and 8-16 wk after recovery from the @entity1374 . RESULTS: In @entity1378 @entity1 , @entity458 , @entity2754 , @entity2754 , and @entity323 prevalence was 17.6, 2.9, 50, and 14.7%, whereas in @entity1375 @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity458 , @entity2754 , and @entity323 was 64.3% and of @entity2754 was 7.1%. After thyroid hormone normalization in @entity1378 subjects, @entity2754 prevalence fell from 50 to 15%, whereas @entity2754 was improved in half of the treated @entity1375 @entity1 . Significant changes were found in the subdomains of the International Index of Erectile Function; ejaculation latency time doubled after treatment of @entity1378 (from 2.4 +/- 2.1 to 4.0 +/- 2.0 min), whereas for @entity1375 @entity1 it declined significantly, from 21.8 +/- 10.9 to 7.4 +/- 7.2 (P < 0.01 for both). TSH and thyroid hormone levels normalized rapidly after treatment, and changes in circulating sex @entity230 partially reflected the changes in @entity443 levels. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, most @entity1 with @entity1374 experience some @entity250 , which can be reversed by normalizing thyroid hormone levels. Despite the associated changes in sex hormone levels, the high prevalence of @entity74 and their prompt reversibility suggest a direct involvement of thyroid hormones in the physiology of ejaculation.

title: Multicenter study on the prevalence of sexual symptoms in male hypo- and @entity1378 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'men', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- and hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone disorders', 'thyroid hormone disorder']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire', 'HSD']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ejaculation', 'DE', 'PE', 'premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Solid @entity5 is a rare @entity5 , predominantly observed in young @entity1 and with greatest incidence in the second and third decade. Although large at the time of diagnosis, it has clinically good behavior. The occurrence of infiltrating varieties of solid @entity5 is very rare. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 48-year-old @entity1 with a giant mass in the @entity788 , incidentally discovered during an abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was later investigated using multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The lobulated lesion had @entity39 which lead the radiologists to suggest the possibility of either a @entity674 or a @entity788 . The @entity1 was operated. Operative signs showed that the @entity5 invaded the splenic hilum and mesentery of transverse colon. En-block resection of @entity788 , spleen and transverse colon was performed as the mass was thought to be a locally advanced @entity5 . Pathological diagnosis reported a solid @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Although solid @entity5 is considered a rare @entity5 , with a very rare rate of locally infiltrating variety, and rarely presents in males, it must be kept in mind while making the differential diagnosis of @entity660 to begin appropriate clinical management.

title: Locally advanced @entity788 in a male XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cystic-necrotic appearances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas', 'pseudopapillary tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'pancreas tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['cystic pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The Golden @entity329 ( @entity329 ) has been shown to be a useful model of both @entity1 lipoprotein metabolism and the development of @entity731 . We report the effects of dietary lipids on the progression and regression of @entity731 in this model. In the first study, hamsters fed on coconut oil (150 g/kg diet) and @entity165 (30 g/kg diet) developed lipid-rich lesions in the ascending aorta (0.28 (SD 0.14) mm2) and aortic arch (0.01 (SD 0.01) mm2) after 4 weeks that continued to progress over the next 8 weeks (0.75 (SD 0.41) mm2 and 0.12 (SD 0.11) mm2 for the ascending aorta and aortic arch respectively). Removal of @entity165 from the diet halted this progression. Furthermore, in animals fed on olive oil in the absence of added @entity165 , plasma LDL- @entity165 concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) and the extent of @entity731 was reduced (P < 0.001 for both regions of the aorta) compared with animals fed on coconut oil (with no added @entity165 ). In a second study, animals were fed on the atherogenic diet for 10 weeks, transferred to diets containing either coconut oil (150 g/kg diet) or olive oil (150 g/kg diet) without added @entity165 and monitored for up to 16 weeks. In the ascending aorta, lesion size doubled in animals fed on coconut oil but stabilized in those fed on olive oil. In the aortic arch, lesion size decreased linearly (P < 0.05, P < 0.001 for coconut oil and olive oil respectively) with the greatest reduction being seen in the olive-oil-fed animals (P < 0.05). Again, progression and regression of @entity731 appeared to reflect the relative concentrations of LDL- @entity165 and HDL- @entity165 in the plasma. We conclude that the male Golden @entity329 represents a useful model of dietary induced regression as well as progression of @entity731 .

title: Modulation of the regression of XXXX in the hamster by dietary lipids: comparison of coconut oil and olive oil.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster', 'Mesocricetus auratus']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity3 is frequently a fatal disease in the setting of immunosuppression, including organ transplant recipients. The fungus usually affects lung parenchyma and may disseminate from there. We have recently noted tracheobronchitis in six @entity1 with @entity299 and lung transplants, three of whom had @entity9645 and histologic evidence of @entity3 . This apparently new form of invasive disease is initially limited to the @entity254 site and large airways. @entity1066 , @entity39 , cartilage invasion, and formation of a pseudomembrane are the pathologic features. In two @entity1 subsequent disseminated @entity2381 occurred with a fatal outcome. In the two single-lung recipients, disease was limited to the transplanted side emphasizing the importance of abnormal local defense mechanisms in the airways of lung transplant recipients. Routine bronchoscopic examination of the airways is important in early detection of this complication. Oral therapy with the new, antifungal agent @entity2059 was successful in five of the six @entity1 , with fatal relapse in one. A classification of the various forms of saprophytic, allergic, and invasive forms of aspergillus tracheobronchitis, to include this new entity, is proposed.

title: Ulcerative tracheobronchitis after lung transplantation. A new form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['deep mucosal ulceration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['Ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'Invasive aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart-lung']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive aspergillosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity1494 in whom initial closure fails are less likely to achieve adequate bladder capacity for later bladder neck reconstruction and continence. Repeat @entity1494 may be combined with @entity7890 repair as initial management, decreasing the need for repeat anesthesia as well as providing increased outlet resistance to permit bladder growth in preparation for later bladder neck reconstruction. We compared results in @entity1 who underwent combined @entity1494 and @entity7890 repair or staged reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 16 @entity1 with a mean age of 22 months with @entity1494 were referred for @entity1494 after previous closure had failed in 15 and for delayed primary closure in 1. Osteotomies were performed in all @entity1 , with @entity1494 and @entity7890 repair as initial treatment. Results were compared to those in 21 @entity1 with a mean age of 26 months in whom exstrophy closure had failed, and who underwent standard staged reconstruction by repeat closure followed by @entity7890 repair and subsequent bladder neck reconstruction in those who achieved adequate bladder capacity. RESULTS: At a mean followup of 87 months @entity292 rates were similar in the 2 groups. Eventual bladder neck reconstruction was possible in 69% of the @entity1 in each group. In addition, 2 @entity1 in the combined repair group achieved continence before bladder neck reconstruction was performed. CONCLUSIONS: We @entity7890 repair combined with @entity1494 closure for treating failed exstrophy closure or late initial closure. Operative complications and results are comparable to those in @entity1 in whom previous exstrophy closure failed and who undergo standard staged repair.

title: Combined @entity1494 and XXXX repair in the reconstruction of @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias', 'recommend epispadias']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder closure', 'bladder exstrophy']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: Autoregulation of the adenovirus E1A gene involves its constitutive expression and positively and negatively regulated transcription. Dissection of this process will identify basal-level cis elements and autoregulatory targets of the E1A promoter and functional domains within the trans-acting E1A gene products. In this report, the DNA sequence of the @entity1 subgroup B adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) E1A gene is presented and compared with that of the E1A genes of similar and distantly related @entity1 adenoviruses. The cDNA forms of the Ad3 E1A gene, corresponding to two major early mRNA species, are cloned, sequenced, and subcloned into plasmid expression vectors. Cotransfections of cell cultures are performed with @entity11650 or Ad3 E1A gene expression plasmids and a reporter gene under control of the @entity11650 or Ad3 E1A promoter. The @entity11650 and Ad3 E1A promoters are similarly repressed by either serotype's 12S cDNA gene products. The Ad3 E1A promoter responds much more strongly than the @entity11650 E1A promoter to transactivation by 13S cDNA gene products. In contrast, the 13S cDNA gene of @entity11650 has greater transactivation activity than that of Ad3. Experiments with missense mutations of the @entity11650 E1A gene indicate that transactivation of the @entity11650 E1A promoter is weak, just reversing or balancing negative autorepression. Single @entity535 substitutions in the conserved, repressive functional domain 2 of the E1A gene modulate transactivating activity that is usually associated with the separate and distal conserved functional domain 3. These results suggest a strong structure-function relationship influenced by the variable sequences separating these conserved domains.

title: Functional diversity of E1A gene autoregulation among XXXX adenoviruses.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Accurate localization of local recurrence within the prostate gland is important to perform focal salvage therapy effectively with minimal complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection and localization of @entity263 recurrence in @entity1 with biochemical failure after definitive radiation therapy using 22-core three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy (3D-PMB) as a standard reference. Ten @entity1 who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and 22-core 3D-PMB were retrospectively analyzed. For visual assessment of DWI, the prostate was divided into 22 regions corresponding to 3D-PMB. Two diagnostic radiologists determined the presence of abnormal high signal intensity in each region on DWI, and the results of DWI were compared with those of 3D-PMB. Of the 220 regions, 16 regions in six @entity1 were positive for @entity5 on 3D-PMB, and 30 regions in six @entity1 were judged as positive on DWI. On a @entity1 -by- @entity1 basis, sensitivity and specificity were 100% (6/6) and 100% (4/4), respectively. On a region-by-region basis, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were 69% (11/16), 91% (185/204), 37% (11/30), 97% (185/190) and 89% (196/220), respectively. For discrepant localization between DWI and pathology, DWI-positive and pathology-positive regions tended to be adjacent to each other. In conclusion, DWI is a useful tool for the detection and localization of recurrent @entity263 in @entity1 with biochemical failure after radiation therapy and may be helpful in the planning of focal salvage therapy.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging of local recurrent XXXX after radiation therapy: comparison with 22-core three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is considered to carry a poor prognosis both at presentation and at relapse. We have therefore studied the incidence and significance of @entity358 in 190 poor risk @entity978 @entity1 undergoing BEAM therapy and ABMT for relapsed or resistant disease. Forty-one of 190 @entity1 (22%) had clinically diagnosed pulmonary @entity978 at some stage of their disease prior to ABMT. In 29 @entity1 , in whom a full set of CT scans was available, the patterns of pulmonary @entity978 were characterised. Four of 29 @entity1 had @entity358 at presentation only, 8 of 29 at presentation and ABMT and 17 of 29 developed @entity358 at relapse and proceeded to ABMT with persistent @entity358 . The commonest @entity358 at presentation and relapse were discrete nodules (72%), masses extending from hilar or mediastinal nodes (34%) and @entity1143 /thickening (28%); 52% had two or more patterns of involvement and 66% had coexistent mediastinal @entity3329 . There was no relationship between pattern or bulk of @entity358 and outcome. Consideration of the outcome following ABMT in all 190 @entity1 revealed no significant difference in progression-free survival at 5 years between the pulmonary @entity978 group (43%) and those without lung involvement (48%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in complete remission or transplant-related @entity204 rates between the two groups. This would suggest that @entity358 is not in itself a contraindication to ABMT and some @entity1 with bulky @entity358 are capable of long-term survival.

title: Detection and significance of XXXX at autologous bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'pulmonary abnormalities', 'pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Pulmonary Hodgkin's disease", 'HD']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['pulmonary Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: In most @entity157 cells, the high-Km @entity35316 / @entity14224 proteins are replaced by the ubiquitous low-Km @entity1365 / @entity11978 proteins. In the mhAT3F @entity157 cells, the stimulatory effect of @entity413 on gene expression and glycogen accumulation was not maximal at 5 mmol/liter @entity413 . This response to high @entity413 is observed in mhAT3F cells, where @entity35316 was expressed, but not @entity14224 (assessed by Northern blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction). A low-Km hexokinase activity (19.6 +/- 3.8 milliunits/mg of protein) was present, but a high-Km (40 mmol/liter) hexokinase activity (13.9 +/- 2.5 milliunits/mg) was also detected in mhAT3F cells. The high-Km hexokinase activity was dependent on both @entity855 (or PPi) and @entity413 in the assay and was recovered in a 10-50-kDa fraction after filtration. A 30-kDa protein was detected using an anti- @entity14224 antibody and localized by confocal microscopy at the same sites as @entity14224 in hepatocytes. In FAO cells, the high-Km hexokinase activity and 30-kDa protein were not found. We conclude that a high-Km hexokinase activity is present in mhAT3F cells. This might explain why the effects of @entity413 on gene expression were not maximal at a @entity413 concentration of 5 mmol/liter. A 30-kDa protein identified using an anti- @entity14224 antibody may be responsible for this activity present in mhAT3F cells.

title: An unusual high-Km hexokinase is expressed in the mhAT3F XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity11978 :: ('3098', 'Gene') :: ['hexokinase type I']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the response of regular broad- @entity591 (BCT) demonstrating @entity714 ( @entity714 ) to treatment in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of management of @entity1 with BCT, @entity714 without a history of @entity299 . A diagnosis of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was made if the ECG showed features such as @entity616 , capture or fusion beats or if @entity1165 was demonstrated during electrophysiological studies (EPS). RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 were eligible. Nineteen @entity1 were given intravenous (IV) @entity460 channel blockers (either @entity1855 or @entity3988 ), as first line treatment. Of these, 18 converted to sinus rhythm and the other one @entity1 subsequently converted with @entity2643 . The remaining six @entity1 were given IV @entity859 (n=3), @entity3303 (n=2) or @entity2643 (n=1) as first line treatment but none of them were converted. Of these, four of them converted with IV @entity460 channel blockers eventually. Of the other two @entity1 , who were both given @entity3303 initially, one deteriorated haemodynamically with the use of @entity1855 and required synchronised cardioversion to convert. The other @entity1 did not respond to @entity2643 and synchronised cardioversion but was subsequently converted with @entity1855 . The difference between the success rate of @entity460 channel blockers and other anti-arrhythmics is statistically significant (P<0.01 by Fischer's exact method). Fourteen cases had diagnoses of @entity1165 , including the two @entity1 given @entity3303 . Five cases were found to have @entity4710 with @entity713 . Six cases did not have confirmed diagnoses. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with BCT and @entity714 but without underlying @entity299 , there is evidence to suggest that @entity460 channel blockers could effectively be used as the treatment of choice.

title: @entity460 channel blockers as first line treatment for broad XXXX with @entity714 : ingenuity or folly?

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant conduction']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['complex tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['complex tachycardia']