abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) represents a serious subset of @entity130 among @entity1 in the United States, and prehospital care of these @entity130 can mitigate both the morbidity and the mortality in @entity1 who suffer from these @entity130 . Guidelines for triage of injured @entity1 have been set forth by the American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity130 (ACS-COT) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These guidelines include physiologic criteria, such as the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate, which should be used in determining triage of an injured @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: This study examined the numbers of visits at level I and II @entity130 centers by @entity1 with a diagnosed @entity131 to determine the prevalence of those meeting physiologic criteria from the ACS-COT/CDC guidelines and to determine the extent of mortality among this @entity1 population. METHODS: The data for this study were taken from the 2007 National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) National Sample Program (NSP). This data set is a nationally representative sample of visits to level I and II @entity130 centers across the United States and is funded by the American College of Surgeons. Estimates of demographic characteristics, physiologic measures, and @entity204 were made for this study population using both chi-square analyses and adjusted logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: The analyses demonstrated that although many @entity1 who sustain a @entity131 and were taken to a level I or II @entity130 center did not meet the physiologic criteria, those who did meet the physiologic criteria had significantly higher odds of @entity204 than those who did not meet the criteria. After controlling for age, gender, race, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and length of stay in the hospital, @entity1 who had a GCS score  <=13 were 17 times more likely to die than @entity131 @entity1 who had a higher GCS score (odds ratio [OR] 17.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7-28.3). Other physiologic criteria also demonstrated significant odds of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the validity of the ACS-COT/CDC physiologic criteria in this population and stress the importance of prehospital triage of @entity1 with @entity131 in the hopes of reducing both the morbidity and the mortality resulting from this injury.

title: A review of XXXX meeting physiologic criteria from The American College of Surgeons Committee on @entity130 /Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Field Triage Guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury trauma center visits']


abstract: An endospore-forming, @entity4876 -degrading bacterium (strain BH) was grown on @entity4876 in monoxenic coculture with a methanogen. The culture formed dense aggregates when Methanobacterium formicicum was the methanogenic partner, but the culture was turbid when @entity24154 was the partner. In contrast, a @entity4919 -degrading, lemon-shaped bacterium (strain PT) did not form aggregates with Methanobacterium formicicum unless an @entity598 -degrading Methanosaeta sp. was also included in the culture. @entity844 -degrading methanogenic granules were formed in a laboratory-scale upflow reactor at 35(deg)C fed with a medium containing a mixture of @entity598 , @entity4919 , and @entity4876 by using defined cultures of Methanobacterium formicicum T1N, Methanosaeta sp. strain M7, @entity10685 T18, @entity4919 -degrading strain PT, and @entity4876 -degrading strain BH. The maximum substrate conversion rates of these granules for @entity598 , @entity4919 , and @entity4876 were 43, 9, and 17 mmol/g (dry weight)/day, respectively. The average size of the granules was about 1 mm. Electron microscopic observation of the granules revealed that the cells of Methanobacterium formicicum, Methanosaeta sp., @entity4876 -degrading, and @entity4919 -degrading bacteria were dispersed in the granules. @entity10685 existed inside the granules as aggregates of its own cells, which were associated with the bulk of the granules. The interaction of different species in aggregate formation and granule formation is discussed in relation to polymer formation of the cell surface.

title: Formation of XXXX -degrading, anaerobic granules by defined species.

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity24154 :: ('2203', 'Species') :: ['Methanospirillum hungatei']

entities_list: @entity10685 :: ('2209', 'Species') :: ['Methanosarcina mazei']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty Acid']


abstract: @entity10844 is a complication following @entity8 ( @entity8 ). There have been no reports of gonadal function in stem-cell-transplanted thalassemic survivors who received a reduced intensity conditioning regimen (RIC). We evaluated gonadal function in 47 b-thalassemic @entity1 following @entity8 with either myeloablative or reduced intensity regimen. Thirty-six @entity1 received a myeloablative regimen, the remaining 11 @entity1 had an RIC regimen. Their median (range) age was 13.2 (5.9-25.8) years. There were 29 @entity1 (62%) with @entity10844 (26 with primary @entity10844 and three with @entity7103 ). Comparisons between @entity1 who received myeloablative and RIC regimens, revealed no differences in @entity10844 (56% vs. 82%, p=0.113, respectively). In conclusion, our study demonstrated high frequency of @entity10844 in these @entity1 . Even after receiving RIC, @entity10844 was very common. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report gonadal function in @entity1 and adolescents with b- @entity2395 disease who were pre-transplanted with RIC.

title: Gonadal function of beta-thalassemics following XXXX conditioned with myeloablative and reduced intensity regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stem cell transplantation']

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysfunction', 'Gonadal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemia']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['stem cell transplantation']


abstract: @entity1544 ( @entity1544 ) is a high-grade @entity189 that is treated with multidisciplinary approaches, including chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. Despite some success with these therapies, overall survival remains poor. In order to investigate a newer CRT regimen, we designed a comparative study to evaluate preoperative CRT using @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) or @entity1487 and @entity900 (FU+CDDP [FP] therapy) for treatment of resectable @entity1544 . In a retrospective review of @entity1 with resectable, locally advanced @entity1544 , 95 @entity1 received preoperative CRT between 2001 and 2007. CRT was administered using either FP (n = 40) or @entity4420 (n = 55). Pathological response and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Hazard ratios and time-to-event analyses were used to assess outcomes; the ratios were controlled by multivariate logistic regression analysis of potential prognostic factors, and survival was presented with Kaplan-Meier curves. In the FP group, a significant curative effect was observed on the basis of pathological examination of @entity282 . However, the @entity4420 group presented a significantly better prognosis on the basis of cumulative survival rates. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of five or more lymph node @entity3 was an independent predictor of reduced survival. @entity1 with lymph node @entity3 exhibited a better prognosis in the @entity4420 group than those in the FP group. Preoperative CRT for locally advanced @entity418 using @entity4420 results in similar or better long-term outcomes compared with FP-based CRT. Therefore, CRT using @entity4420 is a promising therapy option for @entity418 .

title: Utility of weekly @entity1205 combined with preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX from pathological analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal squamous cell cancer', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Modern radiation techniques, which limit the radiation dose to the heart during treatment for @entity0 , have greatly reduced the risk of radiation-induced @entity299 . However, the risk of radiation damage to the carotid artery, which is often incidentally included in the supraclavicular radiation field for @entity0 treatment, is not routinely examined, and the technique used to treat this field has not changed significantly from early radiation trials. The purpose of the current study was to compare the incidence of hospitalization for @entity64 among @entity1 with @entity0 treated with supraclavicular radiation with those who received radiation therapy to the breast but not the supraclavicular fossa. METHODS: Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database for 5752 @entity1 who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage I-III nonmetastatic @entity0 between 1988 and 1997 were analyzed. @entity1 included were age > or = 66 years, had known @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) status, had @entity5 measuring < or = 5 cm, underwent breast surgery, and received adjuvant radiation therapy (with or without supraclavicular irradiation). @entity1 with < 5 years of follow-up were excluded because events in the first 5 years after radiation were unlikely to be radiation induced. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare @entity1 with 0 positive LNs (surrogate group for no supraclavicular radiation, n = 5281) with @entity1 with > 4 positive LNs (surrogate for supraclavicular radiation group, n = 471) for the endpoint of hospitalization for @entity64 . Time-to-event curves were calculated using the conditional Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The median follow-up for the 0 and 4+ @entity1600 cohorts were 92 months and 90 months, respectively (minimum of 60 months). The 10-year and 15-year actuarial freedom from hospitalization for @entity64 was 91% (0 @entity1600 ) versus 89.5% (4+ @entity1600 ) and 79% (0 @entity1600 ) versus 81.6% (4+ @entity1600 ), respectively (P = .28). @entity172 receptor status was balanced between the 2 cohorts. As expected, the 4+ cohort had more advanced @entity5 , higher stage, larger @entity5 size, and higher grade (P < .0001). In multivariate analysis including @entity1600 group, year of diagnosis, age, race, type of surgery, stage, @entity5 size, grade, @entity172 receptor status, and Charlson comorbidity score, only increased age (hazard ratio [HR] for ages 70-74 years, 1.6; HR for ages 75-79 years, 2.1; and HR for age 80 + years, 2.7) and increasing comorbidity score were predictive of an increased risk of hospitalization for @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with @entity5 treated with higher doses to the carotid arteries have been shown to have an increased risk of @entity130 , no evidence was found that radiation to the carotid delivered during supraclavicular irradiation for @entity0 increases the risk of hospitalization for @entity64 .

title: Supraclavicular radiation for @entity0 does not increase the 10-year risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nonbreast malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['carotid injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Scar formation from the process of wound healing is mediated primarily by fibroblasts and is a major problem in ophthalmology in general and in @entity726 therapy in particular. Interactions between fibroblasts and glycoprotein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are among the major causes of scar formation. Recognition of ECM glycoproteins occurs via cell surface integrins that are specific for adhesion epitopes, such as the @entity11599 (RGD-) containing @entity535 sequence. The RGD sequence, which is present in several matrix and plasma proteins, including fibronectin (FN) and @entity4732 , is involved in cell-ECM interactions that occur during inflammatory and homeostatic reactions. The present study was designed to examine the possibility of using RGD-mimetics as inhibitors of fibroblasts-FN interactions. METHODS: Two nonpeptidic mimetics of RGD were designed and constructed, and their inhibitory effect on the adhesion of @entity1 tenon's capsule fibroblasts to FN was examined. SF-6,5 consisting of the @entity3338 group of @entity2574 and the @entity2097 group of @entity534 divided by a linear atom spacer and a newly designed mimetic, designated @entity47719 , were examined herein. RESULTS: The RGD mimetics, SF-6,5 and @entity47719 , but not an @entity47720 (RGE) mimetic inhibited the adhesion of ocular fibroblasts to immobilized FN. SF-6,5 and @entity47719 did not inhibit adhesion of the fibroblasts to laminin or spontaneous proliferation of fibroblasts. Trypsin pretreatment of the nonpeptidic RGD mimetics did not affect their ability to inhibit adhesion of the ocular fibroblasts to FN, whereas that of the RGD-containing peptide was abolished by the pretreatment. CONCLUSION: Nonpeptidic mimetics of RGD are attractive candidates for therapeutic agents to prevent the formation of scar tissue and related RGD-dependent pathologic events.

title: Nonpeptidic analogues of the XXXX (RGD) sequence specifically inhibit the adhesion of @entity1 tenon's capsule fibroblasts to fibronectin.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2097 :: ('MESH:D019791', 'Chemical') :: ['guanidinium']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

answer: @entity11599 :: (MESH:C047981,Chemical) :: ['Arg-Gly-Asp']


abstract: Several parameters associated with maternal behavior were quantified under laboratory conditions in New Zealand white @entity95 . Digging behavior appeared earliest (8-6 days prepartum), its decline preceding the onset of straw carrying (3-1 days prepartum). @entity42639 consummated the construction of the maternal nest. Food intake significantly decreased on days 2 and 1 prepartum. On parturition day, all females spent 300-500 s with the litter while, for the rest of lactation, nursing bouts lasted 199 +/- 7 s. Milk yield increased linearly up to lactation day 19, declining thereafter. Pup weight increased linearly throughout lactation despite the decline in milk yield. Plasma @entity53 (E) levels did not significantly vary across pregnancy: 60 +/- 2 pg/ml (days 10-25) and 75 +/- 6 pg/ml (day 30). The @entity251 (T) levels at these times were: 200 +/- 10 and 308 +/- 0.03 pg/ml, respectively. @entity251 significantly declined from pregnancy day 30 to lactation day 1 (202 +/- 0.02 pg/ml). @entity1420 (P) levels significantly declined from pregnancy day 20 (9 +/- 1 ng/ml) onwards. @entity1420 levels were negligible across lactation. Thus, mother @entity95 display a sequence of motor patterns and somatic events correlated with changes in plasma levels of T and P against a background of E.

title: Maternal behavior in New Zealand white XXXX : quantification of somatic events, motor patterns, and steroid plasma levels.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity42639 :: ('MESH:D006201', 'Disease') :: ['Hair pulling']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: This study was conducted using fourty cross-bred ewes in 5 groups of which one was kept as a control and the others were infected with metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica twice at the beginning of the experiment and 200 days from the first. The four infected groups fed on basal ration or high protein ration with or without mineral mixture. Blood samples were taken from the five groups to assess the concentrations of plasma @entity2002 and serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, @entity460 and inorganic phosphorous. Results indicated that ewes total serum protein, albumin and globulin were decreased by @entity281 . The decrease was only significant in ewes fed basal ration with or without mineral mixture. Mineral mixture had no effect on the later blood parameters of infected ewes although little improvement in blood serum globulin was noticed. Plasma @entity2002 decreased significantly by @entity281 . The level of plasma @entity2002 was improved by feeding high protein ration but did not affect by adding mineral mixture to any of the ration used. Infection was also found to decrease blood serum inorganic phosphorous but not @entity460 level. Feeding high protein ration with or without mineral supplement maintained blood serum inorganic phosphorous as that of the uninfected ewes. Blood serum @entity460 to phosphorous ratio of ewes fed only basal ration was significantly higher than that of other groups.

title: Effects of ration and XXXX on some blood parameters of ewes.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Fasciola infection']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Fasciola infection']


abstract: @entity1749 is the first proteasome inhibitor to be approved for use in haematological @entity5 . Although a @entity1910 has been described as a common adverse event associated with the drug, it has not been well characterised. Based on three phase II studies of @entity1749 in @entity1 with @entity1893 (140 assessable @entity1 ), we identified 26 @entity1 who developed a unique @entity1910 during treatment, six of whom underwent cutaneous biopsy. Punch biopsy in six @entity1 revealed a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate without evidence of @entity706 , consistent with a non-necrotising @entity1333 . The combined overall response rate was 41%. The response in the 26 @entity1 who developed a @entity1910 was 73%, compared with 33% in @entity1 who did not. The odds ratio for response given the development of a @entity1910 was 4.6 (95% CI, 1.7-12.4, P = 0.001). This is the first report to characterise a @entity1910 associated with @entity1749 , and to show a relationship between development of the @entity1910 and response to treatment. Unlike classic @entity56 , this @entity1910 may not necessarily prompt cessation of drug. In fact, the development of an isolated @entity1333 may portend a better clinical response to @entity1749 in some @entity1 .

title: Drug-induced @entity1333 in @entity1 with XXXX treated with the novel proteasome inhibitor @entity1749 : a possible surrogate marker of response?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitic rash', 'erythematous maculopapular rash', 'rash']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity type reactions']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum, and on associated root resorption and @entity3947 . Contralateral, critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically produced and immediately implanted with rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier in 8, young adult, male, @entity235 . 6 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/mL; total construct volume/defect approximately 4.0 mL) in @entity717 following an @entity616 . 2 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0 and 0.10 mg/mL) in @entity717 (controls). The animals were euthanised at 8 weeks post-surgery and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Supra-alveolar periodontal defects receiving rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/ml exhibited extensive alveolar regeneration comprising 86%, 96%, and 88% of the defect height, respectively. Cementum regeneration encompassed 8%, 6%, and 8% of the defect height, respectively. Root resorption was observed for all rhBMP-2 concentrations. @entity3947 was observed in almost all teeth receiving rhBMP-2. Control defects without rhBMP-2 exhibited limited, if any, evidence of alveolar bone and cementum regeneration, root resorption, or @entity3947 . Within the selected rhBMP-2 concentration and observation interval, there appear to be no meaningful differences in regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum. There also appear to be no significant differences in the incidence and extent of root resorption and @entity3947 , though there may be a positive correlation with rhBMP-2 concentration.

title: Periodontal repair in XXXX : effect of rhBMP-2 concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['beagle dogs']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis', 'Ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral defects']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete block design']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: PURPOSE: In primary uveal and cutaneous @entity320 , extracellular matrix (ECM) is often deposited in arcs, loops, and network patterns. Based on prognostic relevance, these patterns appear to play a significant role in facilitating @entity3 . It has been demonstrated that these patterns were capable of transmitting fluid. The current study was undertaken to elucidate further the functional role of these patterns in @entity5 perfusion and to examine the composition of the patterns by immunohistochemistry. METHODS: To study the role of these patterns in perfusion, fluorochrome-labeled bovine serum albumin, @entity291 insulin, and dextrans of different molecular sizes were injected intravenously into @entity19 bearing subcutaneous @entity1 cutaneous @entity320 xenografts. Distribution of the @entity1 @entity320 cells and @entity19 host cells was analyzed by DNA in situ hybridization. To elucidate the composition of these patterns, @entity1 @entity2184 tissues were analyzed for expression of ECM components by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Small molecules (Stokes' radius <4.4 nm) crossed the vessel wall and spread along the ECM patterns within 2 to 10 minutes, whereas larger molecules (Stokes' radius approximately 5.8 nm) required 30 to 45 minutes to enter. @entity19 host cells were found exclusively in the ECM pattern compartment. In primary @entity2184 , different types of collagen, ECM-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and different types of cells were present in the patterns. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that the ECM deposited as arcs, loops, and network patterns, accommodate the transport of plasma-derived molecules, (e.g., nutrients), to the @entity5 lesion, thus enhancing @entity5 growth and progression, and facilitating infiltration of @entity5 tissue by host-derived cells.

title: Functional and morphologic analysis of the fluid-conducting meshwork in xenografted cutaneous and primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['nude mice', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma lesions']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Screening for @entity9595 is traditionally done by using serum @entity68 studies. However, mutation analysis of the @entity9595 -associated @entity14398 gene has recently become available. OBJECTIVE: To compare the cost-effectiveness of no screening with four screening strategies that incorporate @entity14398 gene testing or serum @entity68 studies. DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis. DATA SOURCES: Published literature. TARGET POPULATION: Siblings and @entity1 of an affected proband. TIME HORIZON: Lifetime from 10 years of age ( @entity1 ) or 45 years of age (siblings). PERSPECTIVE: Societal. INTERVENTION: 1) Serum @entity68 studies. 2) Gene testing of the proband. If the proband is homozygous ( @entity48406 +/+), the spouse undergoes gene testing; if he or she is heterozygous ( @entity48406 +/-), the @entity1 undergo gene testing. 3) Gene testing of the proband; if he or she is homozygous, relatives undergo gene testing. 4) Direct gene testing of relatives. OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost per life-year saved and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS OF BASE-CASE ANALYSIS: In @entity1 , @entity14398 gene testing of the proband was the most cost-effective strategy for screening one @entity1 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,  508 per life-year saved). @entity14398 gene testing of the proband followed by testing of the spouse was the most cost-effective strategy for screening two or more @entity1 (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,  3665 per life-year saved). In siblings, all screening strategies were dominant compared with no screening. Strategies using @entity14398 gene testing were less costly than serum @entity68 studies. RESULTS OF SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS: Despite varying the prevalence of mutations and regardless of the cost of the genetic test in one- and two-way sensitivity analyses, @entity14398 gene testing remained cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14398 gene testing for the @entity14399 mutation is a cost-effective method of screening relatives of @entity1 with @entity9595 .

title: Screening for @entity9595 in siblings and XXXX of affected @entity1 . A cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity48406 :: ('p|SUB|C|82|Y', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C82Y']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: In an attempt to elucidate the relationship between serum IgG subclass/IgM ratio and prognosis in different types of @entity3441 ( @entity3441 ), 46 cases of treatment responders and 23 cases of either frequent relapse or non-responders were studied. All @entity1 had received renal biopsy. Serum IgG subclass/IgM ratios were compared between the acute @entity1985 phase and remission. The association between therapeutic effect and the parameters of @entity3441 were also investigated. There were 24 cases of minimal change @entity1985 (MCNS), 32 cases of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and 13 cases of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). All cases of MCNS were @entity134 -responders. Seventeen cases of @entity8 experienced frequent relapses. The other 15 cases were responsive to the treatment. 6 cases of @entity8 had poor response to any therapy; 7 cases were responsive to either triple therapy or @entity205 plus @entity617 . Both IgGI/IgM and IgG2/IgM were correlated with serum albumin and @entity165 levels at the acute @entity1985 phase (p < 0.05). Longitudinal change of the immunologic parameters in @entity1 with @entity3441 revealed significantly elevated serum IgM level decreased serum IgG level, IgG/IgM, IgG1/IgM, IgG2/IgM, @entity3172 /IgM, IgG4/IgM and IgG/IgE ratio during acute @entity1985 phase. Correlation between therapy responses showed that, for serum IgG1/IgM ratio > 3.0, most of the cases were treatment-responders. For IgG1/IgM ratio > 1.0, all the cases were frequent relapsers or non-responders. These results suggest the immunologic changes in @entity1 of @entity3441 may be caused by immune regulatory abnormality. Serum IgG1/IgM ratio may serve as one of the therapeutic and prognostic guides, especially if the @entity1 refuses renal biopsy.

title: A study of the relationship between IgG subclass/IgM and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['INS', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgMN', 'FSGS', 'IgM nephropathy', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the direct costs of treating @entity565 in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Population figures were obtained from the 2005 census and projected to 2008. Treatment profiles were obtained from the Asthma Insights and Reality for the Gulf and Near East (AIRGNE) study. Asthma prevalence and unit cost estimates were based on results from a Delphi technique. These estimates were applied to the total Kuwaiti population aged 5 years and over to obtain the number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity565 . The estimates from the Delphi exercise and the AIRGNE results were used to determine the number of @entity565 @entity1 managed in government facilities. Direct drug costs were provided by the Ministry of Health. Treatment costs (Kuwaiti dinars, @entity573 ) were also calculated using the Delphi exercise and the AIRGNE data. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity565 was estimated to be 15% of adults and 18% of @entity1 (93,923 adults; 70,158 @entity1 ). Of these, 84,530 (90%) adults and 58,932 (84.0%) @entity1 were estimated to be using government healthcare facilities. Inpatient visits accounted for the largest portion of total direct costs (43%), followed by @entity341 (29%), outpatient visits (21%) and medications (7%). The annual cost of treatment, excluding medications, was @entity573 29,946,776 (USD 107,076,063) for adults and @entity573 24,295,439 (USD 86,869,450) for @entity1 . Including medications, the total annual direct cost of @entity565 treatment was estimated to be over @entity573 58 million (USD 207 million). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma costs Kuwait a huge sum of money, though the estimates were conservative because only Kuwaiti nationals were included. Given the high medical expenditures associated with emergency room and inpatient visits, relative to lower medication costs, efforts should be focused on improving @entity565 control rather than reducing expenditure on procurement of medication.

title: The cost of XXXX in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency room visits']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Renal cryotherapy for pediatric @entity359 has never been reported in the literature. We present the first experience with this procedure, describing techniques and short-term outcome. CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old @entity1 was being followed for a 2-cm left @entity8 . Growth was demonstrated by ultrasonography and CT imaging over a 2-year period, and the family desired intervention. A transperitoneal approach employing three 5-mm laparoscopic ports was used. @entity5 size was measured by intraoperative ultrasonography as 25 x 28 mm. Intraoperative biopsy was done with a biopsy gun through the lateral port. An 8-mm cryoprobe was utilized. Two freeze-thaw cycles were performed with cooling to -160 degrees C. Hemostasis was accomplished with @entity556 (FloSeal) and oxidized cellulose (Surgicel). RESULTS: The operative time was 92 minutes, and the @entity190 was minimal. No perioperative @entity532 occurred. There was mild perioperative @entity811 that resolved within 20 hours without stenting. The hospital stay was 46 hours. There were no @entity532 or @entity811 at 1-week postoperative follow-up. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cryotherapy can be performed in the pediatric population. To our knowledge, this is the first case of @entity8 managed with laparoscopic cryotherapy.

title: Laparoscopic cryotherapy for pediatric XXXX : the first report.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric renal angiomyolipoma', 'renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complications']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']


abstract: @entity2119 , also known as @entity2119 , is a nonatherosclerotic, inflammatory, vasoocclusive disease. It is characterized pathologically as a panangiitis of medium and small blood vessels, including both arteries and adjacent veins, especially the distal extremities (the feet and the hands). There is no curative medication or surgery for this disease. In the present study, we transplanted human leukocyte antigen-matched @entity1 umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into four @entity1 with @entity2119 who had already received medical treatment and surgical therapies. After the stem cell transplantation, @entity63 @entity158 suddenly disappeared from their affected extremities. The @entity272 were healed within 4 weeks. In the follow-up angiography, digital capillaries were increased in number and size. In addition, vascular resistance in the affected extremities, compared with the preoperative examination, was markedly decreased due to improvement of the peripheral circulation. Because an animal model of @entity2119 is absent and also to understand @entity1 results, we transplanted @entity1 UCB-derived MSCs to athymic @entity19 with hind limb @entity63 by femoral artery ligation. Up to 60% of the hind limbs were salvaged in the femoral artery-ligated animals. By in situ hybridization, the @entity1 UCB-derived MSCs were detected in the arterial walls of the @entity63 hind limb in the treated group. Therefore, it is suggested that @entity1 UCB-derived MSC transplantation may be a new and useful therapeutic armament for @entity2119 and similar @entity63 .

title: Successful stem cell therapy using umbilical cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells for @entity2119 and XXXX limb disease animal model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic diseases', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['rest pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ['thromboangiitis obliterans', "Buerger's disease"]

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Sacral neuromodulation has been used as a safe, effective treatment option for @entity1 with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Several clinical studies demonstrated its positive effects on refractory urge @entity322 , non-osbstructive urinary retention, urgency frequency syndrome, as well as on other @entity5450 , such as @entity1241 and chronic @entity1142 . The aim of this research project was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sacral neuromodulation on the management of LUTD refractory to the standardized first line treatment options. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected and evaluated data from @entity1 undergoing sacral neuromodulations between September 2001 and November 2010 in 4 Urological Centres of North-East Italy. The @entity1 were affected by @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ), Urinary Retention (UR), @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ), Constipation (CO), @entity1118 ( @entity1118 ). All the @entity1 were evaluated with voiding diaries, before and after implantation. @entity1 included in the present evaluation were followed up in a network of 4 Italian urological centres, which participate to in the Italian Clinical Service project - a national urological database and medical care project aiming at describing and improving the use of implantable urological devices in the Italian clinical practice. Continuous normally distributed variables were reported as the mean value    standard deviation (SD). Continuous non-normally distributed variables were presented as the median values and an interquartile range (IQR). The t-test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare continuous variables, as appropriate. A two-sided p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Overall, 157 @entity1 underwent implantation of sacral neuromodulator during the period under review. Eighty-three out of 157 (53%) @entity1 complained of @entity2182 ; 52 (33%) of UR; 5 (3%) of @entity322 ; 4 (2%) of chronic @entity1142 ; 12 (8%) of @entity1118 . The median follow- up was 11 months (IQR 1 - 91 months). In @entity1 treated for @entity2182 , we documented a statistically significant reduction in the mean number of: @entity322 episodes/die, pads/die, daily micturitions, nocturnal micturitions and global micturitions. In @entity1 treated for UR, we observed a statistically significant reduction in the mean post- voiding residual volume and in the number of self catheterization. Interpretation of results: It is difficult to translate into quantifiable data the subjective perception of improvement of the symptoms expressed by the @entity1 , as they are frequently subjective perceptions, not always numeric data. This subjective perception makes it difficult to the clinician to evaluate the real outcomes of this procedure, and makes it difficult to achieve a complete follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter research project confirmed the midterm safety and effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of refractory overactive @entity1494 and urinary retention, showing high cure rates and low complication rates.

title: Efficacy of sacral neuromodulation on XXXX : a multicentric research project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['non- urological disorders']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive Bladder Syndrome', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal Incontinence', 'FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['CPP', 'Chronic Pelvic Pain']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['urological diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) associated with chronic @entity409 is known to show an obvious multistage process of @entity5 progression. We previously identified @entity1457 protein 70 as a molecular marker of early @entity157 during investigation of expression profiling in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis. In this report, we examined @entity46524 ( @entity46524 ), which is also listed as an up-regulated gene in early @entity157 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We measured the level of @entity46524 mRNA by real-time quantitative PCR. We raised a polyclonal antibody against @entity46524 and we confirmed the expression of @entity46524 by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in @entity157 cell lines and @entity157 tissues. RESULTS: According to real-time quantitative PCR, the level of @entity46524 mRNA was up-regulated in early @entity157 when compared with noncancerous liver tissue, and it was further up-regulated in progressed @entity157 . We raised a polyclonal antibody against @entity46524 , which showed a single 53-kDa band of strong intensity in the @entity1 @entity157 cell lines and @entity157 tissues but only a weak band in the noncancerous liver tissues in Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical examination of @entity46524 revealed its significant overexpression in early @entity157 when compared with noncancerous and @entity1613 and in progressed @entity157 when compared with early @entity157 . CONCLUSION: Our findings show that @entity46524 is up-regulated in @entity157 when compared with noncancerous and @entity1613 . This is the first report that proves that @entity46524 is up-regulated in @entity1 @entity5 and that this is possibly related to multistage hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Overexpression of XXXX in multistage hepatocarcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity46524 :: ('10486', 'Gene') :: ['cyclase-associated protein 2', 'CAP2']

answer: @entity46524 :: (10486,Gene) :: ['cyclase-associated protein 2']


abstract: This study represents the clinical and laboratory features of 135 @entity17289 cases in whom peritoneoscopic investigation was used routinely. Disease was more common in @entity1 than @entity1 (1.5:1) and was most frequently encountered in the third and fourth decades in life. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity1661 (96%), @entity490 (82%), @entity353 (80%), @entity425 (76%), @entity1277 (73%) and @entity221 (69%). The most common physical findings were @entity843 (96%), @entity221 (75%) and abdominal tenderness (43%). One hundred and twenty-nine cases (95.5%) showed exudative type @entity17289 with variable amounts of @entity843 and filmy adhesions. In six @entity1 (4.5%) the disease was of the plastic (dry) type. Peritoneoscopic investigations of 139 @entity1 suggested @entity17289 but four cases showed histologically proven @entity5 (3%). Laparoscopic diagnoses of the remaining cases were confirmed by histology (97%). The laparoscopic appearance of scattered yellowish-white nodules, approximately 1-5 mm in size, on the peritoneal surfaces, and filmy adhesions were suggestive of @entity17289 . A non-fatal @entity694 occurred as a major complication. After antituberculous therapy @entity1 were followed for at least 1 year. Peritoneoscopy with simultaneous biopsy is the ideal and most accurate diagnostic modality in the diagnosis of @entity17289 .

title: Presentation and role of peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity17289 :: ('MESH:D014395', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon perforation']

answer: @entity17289 :: (MESH:D014395,Disease) :: ['tuberculous peritonitis']


abstract: Leaf senescence has an important role in the plant's @entity1568 economy. @entity38 catabolism is a visible symptom of protein mobilization. Genetic and environmental factors that interfere with yellowing tend to modify protein degradation as well. The @entity38 -protein relationship is much closer for membrane proteins than it is for soluble or total leaf proteins. In stay-greens, genotypes with a specific defect in the @entity38 catabolism pathway, soluble protein degradation during senescence may be close to normal, but light-harvesting and reaction centre thylakoid membrane proteins are much more stable. Genes for the @entity38 catabolism pathway and its control are important in the regulation of protein mobilization. Genes for three steps in the pathway are reported to have been isolated. The gene responsible for the stay-green phenotype in grasses and legumes has not yet been cloned but a fair amount is known about it. Pigment metabolism in senescing leaves of the Festuca-Lolium stay-green mutant is clearly disturbed and is consistent with a blockage at the ring-opening ( @entity13795 ) step in @entity38 breakdown. @entity13795 is de novo synthesized in senescence and thought to be the key enzyme in the @entity38 a catabolic pathway. The stay-green mutation is likely to be located in the @entity13795 gene, or a specific regulator of it. These genes may well be in the various senescence-enhanced cDNA collections that have been generated, but functional handles on them are currently lacking. When the stay-green locus from Festuca pratensis was introgressed into Lolium temulentum, a gene encoding F. pratensis @entity46155 -pyrophosphorylase was shown to have been transferred on the same chromosome segment. A strategy is described for cloning the stay-green gene, based on subtractive PCR-based analyses of intergeneric introgressions and map-based cloning.

title: What stay-green mutants tell us about XXXX remobilization in leaf senescence.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll', 'Chlorophyll']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: @entity1150 requires intensive therapy--either the @entity1 require hospitalisation or their rehabilitation scheme must be adjusted and medical treatment applied. The total number of @entity1 with @entity1150 undetected before admission to rehabilitation facilities is unknown. AIM: Study parameters: 1. The occurrence of undetected @entity1150 upon admittance to a rehabilitation facility. 2. The value of sonography in diagnosing, localising and determining the extent of @entity1150 and 3. the influence of prophylactic antithrombotic treatment applied in the surgical hospital, as well as during the intermittent outpatient phase before admittance to the rehabilitation centre, on the occurrence of @entity1150 . METHODS: 305 @entity1 were examined between Nov. 95 and Dec. 96. The first check was carried out on the day of admission (on the 26th postoperative day, on average). The second check was done on the day of discharge from the rehabilitation centre. RESULTS: @entity1150 was found in 30 @entity1 (10%). In 27 cases the @entity715 was located in the thigh, in one case it was found in the contralateral leg. 18 of these @entity1 had been discharged from the surgical hospital on the 22nd postoperative day, for an average time of 7 days of outpatient care, before being admitted to the rehabilitation centre. 11 of these @entity1 had not received any prophylactic antithrombotic treatment. One @entity1 developed @entity1150 of the thigh during the rehabilitation phase despite of prophylactic treatment. CONCLUSION: Postoperative sonographic screening of all @entity1 undergoing hip surgery is a useful method to detect @entity1150 . Prophylactic postoperative antithrombotic treatment in the rehabilitation phase is mandatory.

title: [ XXXX following total arthroplasty hip replacement. Ultrasonographic screening in the rehabilitation phase].

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['Deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: Incidental appendectomy is frequently performed during nephrectomy for @entity3969 . The rationale for this approach is that the onset of @entity698 during a period of @entity1398 after chemotherapy may cause increased morbidity. Additionally, @entity1 receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy, or both, may experience @entity490 , producing a diagnostic dilemma if the appendix is still present. We reviewed the charts of 1,910 @entity1 enrolled in the Third National @entity3969 Study who underwent primary nephrectomy. Four hundred and fifty-five @entity1 (23.8 percent) had appendectomy at the time of nephrectomy. An inversion appendectomy was performed upon 188 @entity1 , and the appendix was excised in 267. @entity166 and postoperative @entity1321 occurred with equal frequency in @entity1 who did or did not undergo appendectomy. The median follow-up period for the entire group of @entity1 was 5.1 years. Only three of the 1,455 @entity1 (0.2 percent) who did not have an incidental appendectomy had @entity698 at two, seven and ten months after nephrectomy. None of the three @entity1 experienced any perioperative morbidity after appendectomy. These data suggest that incidental removal of the appendix is not essential for @entity1 undergoing removal of a @entity3969 .

title: Incidental appendectomy during nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' Tumor", "Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious complications']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: The existence of five tetraploid species that derive from a common polyploidization event about 1 million years ago makes Gossypium ( @entity2708 ) an attractive genus in which to study polyploid evolution and offers opportunities for crop improvement through introgression. To date, only crosses (HB) between the cultivated tetraploid @entity2708 @entity2708 and @entity27644 have been genetically mapped. Genetic analysis of a cross ( @entity101 ) between @entity2708 and the Hawaiian endemic @entity51368 is reported here. Overall, chromosomal lengths are closely correlated between the HB and @entity101 maps, although there is generally more recombination in @entity101 , consistent with a closer relationship between the two species. Interspecific differences in local recombination rates are observed, perhaps involving a number of possible factors. Our data corroborate cytogenetic evidence that chromosome arm translocations have not played a role in the divergence of polyploid @entity2708 . However, one terminal inversion on chromosome (chr.) 3 does appear to differentiate @entity51368 from @entity27644 ; a few other apparent differences in marker order fall near gaps in the @entity101 map and/or lack the suppression of recombination expected of inversions, and thus remain uncertain. Genetic analysis of a discrete trait that is characteristic of @entity51368 , nectarilessness, mapped not to the classically reported location on chr. 12 but to the homoeologous location on chr. 26. We propose some hypotheses for further study to explore this incongruity. Preliminary quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of this small population, albeit with a high probability of false negatives, suggests a different genetic control of leaf morphology in @entity101 than in HB, which also warrants further investigation.

title: Genetic mapping of a cross between @entity2708 ( XXXX ) and the Hawaiian endemic, @entity51368 .

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['cotton', 'G. hirsutum', 'Gossypium hirsutum', 'cottons']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: We hypothesized that sympathetic stimulation is the main mechanism contributing to hemodynamic failure in @entity1151 . We investigated the effects of epidural anesthesia-induced sympathetic blockade, restricted to thoracic and lumbar levels, during @entity1151 . Two experiments were performed in chronically instrumented ewes. In the first experiment, six @entity742 received 6 mL @entity1341 0.175% ( @entity1514 Epidural Anesthesia [ @entity1041 ] group), and six @entity742 received 6 mL saline 0.9% ( @entity1041 -Control group), respectively, via an epidural catheter (T3 level). In the second experiment, six @entity742 received 2.8 mL @entity1341 0.375% (Lumbar Epidural Anesthesia [LEA] group), and six @entity742 received 2.8 mL saline 0.9% (LEA-Control group) epidurally (L4 level). Embolization was performed by IV injection of autologous @entity4461 (Experiment 1, 0.75 mL/kg; Experiment 2, 0.625 mL/kg). @entity1041 was associated with significantly slower heart rates, @entity551 , and significantly higher @entity64 volume index and oxygenation in comparison with the @entity1041 -Control group. By contrast, LEA was associated with significantly faster heart rates and @entity101 and with a significantly lower @entity64 volume index in comparison with the LEA-Control group. @entity1041 significantly reduced, and LEA significantly increased, hemodynamic deterioration, suggesting beneficial effects of @entity1041 on cardiopulmonary function during pulmonary @entity1031 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity1514 (but not lumbar) epidural anesthesia was associated with beneficial cardiopulmonary effects during experimental pulmonary @entity1031 in @entity742 .

title: @entity1514 , but not lumbar, epidural anesthesia improves cardiopulmonary function in ovine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased central venous pressures']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decreased mean pulmonary artery pressures and central venous pressures']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: We report a 63-year-old male case of @entity2883 . His complaints were cough and fever, and chest X-ray showed subpleural infiltrative opacities in the bilateral lungs and small nodular lesions in the middle portion of the right lung. He had been treated as bacterial @entity55 at another hospital without any improvement and was referred to this hospital. Chest CT scan disclosed several small nodular lesions in the subpleural region of the right lung, consolidation in the posterior mediastinum, and the left @entity1143 . Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed inflammatory granulation with predominantly lymphocytes and @entity39 in the peribronchiolar region. Although these findings suggested @entity2883 , open lung biopsy was performed because both antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antibodies to @entity7134 were negative and ear, nose, and @entity854 were not found. Pathologic findings consisted mainly of @entity32 with lymphocytes, histiocytes, and multinucleated giant cells, and @entity1333 with @entity39 . Furthermore, the @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity3170 by an ophthalmologist. No renal involvement was found. Standard treatment with @entity786 and glucocorticoid resulted in marked improvement within a couple of weeks, and the @entity1 was in complete remission eight months after initiation of therapy. This case is of interest in that the distribution of lesions was not typical and ANCA was negative.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity3170 , mediastinal lesions, and @entity1143 and without serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['micro-necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['throat abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral episcleritis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['Wegener's granulomatosis']


abstract: @entity6560 (MCT) is a @entity21703 (PA) plant toxin that produces hepatotoxicity in @entity1 and animals. @entity1 exposure to @entity6559 occurs through consumption of contaminated grains and herbal remedies. Injection (ip) of MCT in @entity35 produced dose-dependent hepatic @entity4085 that was significant at 200 mg/kg. Injection of 300 mg/kg MCT produced time-dependent hepatotoxicity with @entity130 beginning by 12 h after treatment. Histopathologic examination of liver sections revealed @entity39 , widening of sinusoids and @entity548 in centrilobular regions. MCT-induced damage to central venular endothelial cells (CVECs) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) in the liver was quantified using immunohistochemical staining and by increased plasma @entity4023 concentration. MCT damaged CVECs and SECs in the liver by 8 h after treatment. Extensive @entity130 was restricted to centrilobular regions. To determine if damage to endothelial cells in the liver stimulated activation of the coagulation system, @entity527 was quantified using immunohistochemistry. Extensive @entity527 occurred in the liver after MCT treatment and was restricted to centrilobular regions. Interestingly, both endothelial cell damage and @entity527 preceded the onset of hepatic @entity4085 . These results suggest that endothelial cell damage and @entity527 in centrilobular regions of the liver are prominent features of MCT-induced @entity99 .

title: Endothelial cell XXXX in @entity35 liver after @entity6560 exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['fibrin deposition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulative hepatocellular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['Monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity21703 :: ('CHEBI:64948', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal cell injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell injury', 'significant injury']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury and fibrin deposition']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate various combinations of therapeutic approaches in an attempt to improve the poor outcome of advanced cases of orbital involvement of @entity995 . DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective, uncontrolled descriptive case series of consecutive @entity1 with @entity995 treated and observed at a referral center. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with unilateral orbital involvement of @entity995 were studied. Eight @entity1 had orbital involvement at initial presentation and eight @entity1 presented with @entity5 after enucleation for @entity995 . @entity1 having microscopic evidence of @entity5 invasion at surgical section of the optic nerve and subsequently receiving other forms of treatment were not included in the study. INTERVENTION: Six @entity1 had orbital exenteration followed by external beam radiation therapy (4600-6000 cGy in fractionated doses) and chemotherapy. Five @entity1 received chemotherapy only. Three @entity1 were treated by exenteration and chemotherapy, whereas two @entity1 underwent radiation therapy and chemotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor regression monitored by clinical observations and imaging studies and @entity1 survival was studied. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 22 months (range, 4-168 months). All forms of treatment caused satisfactory local and systemic @entity5 regression. Two @entity1 achieved a survival of more than 10 years. However, two @entity1 in the exenteration followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy group and one who received chemotherapy only had central nervous system metastases develop and died. Only one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION: Highly individualized aggressive treatment by combining radical surgery, chemotherapy, and external beam radiation therapy allowed most of the authors' @entity1 to have longer survival and disease-free intervals than expected.

title: Management of massive orbital involvement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'orbital tumor']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma', 'massive orbital retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma']


abstract: Centromeres are a complex of centromere DNA (CEN DNA) and specific factors that help mediate microtubule-dependent movement of chromosomes during mitosis. Minichromosomes can be isolated from budding @entity375 in a way that their centromeres retain the ability to bind microtubules in vitro. Here, we use the binding of these minichromosomes to microtubules to gain insight into the properties of centromeres assembled in vivo. Our results suggest that neither chromosomal DNA topology nor proximity of telomeres influence the cell's ability to assemble centromeres with microtubule-binding activity. The microtubule-binding activity of the minichromosome's centromere is stable in the presence of competitor CEN DNA, suggesting that the complex between the minichromosome CEN DNA and proteins directly bound to it is very stable. The efficiency of centromere binding to microtubules is dependent upon the concentration of microtubule polymer and is inhibited by @entity855 . These properties are similar to those exhibited by mechanochemical motors. The binding of minichromosomes to microtubules can be inactivated by the presence of 0.2 M @entity1219 and then reactivated by restoring @entity1219 to 0.1 M. In 0.2 M @entity1219 , some centromere factor(s) bind to microtubules, whereas other(s) apparently remain bound to the minichromosome's CEN DNA. Therefore, the @entity375 centromere appears to consist of two domains: the first consists of a stable core containing CEN DNA and CEN DNA-binding proteins; the second contains a microtubule-binding component(s). The molecular functions of this second domain are discussed.

title: Centromere function on minichromosomes isolated from budding XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ), proinflammatory cytokines and @entity1590 ( @entity1590 ) are frequently upregulated in the injured brain after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). However, the temporal pattern of upregulation is not well defined. AIMS: The current study was undertaken to investigate the temporal profile of the expression of @entity4026 , proinflammatory cytokines and @entity1590 in the injured brain after @entity131 @entity130 of the @entity35 brain. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A @entity35 model of @entity131 was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of right parietal lobe. The @entity35 were randomly divided into control group and @entity131 groups at hours 3, 12, 24 and 72, and on day 7. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity4026 binding activity in the surrounding brain of injured area was studied by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The levels of @entity1505 and @entity568 were detected using ELISA and @entity1590 expression studied by immunohistochemistry. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Relation between variables was analyzed using bivariate correlation with two-tailed test. RESULTS: Compared with that of control group, @entity4026 binding activity in the injured brain was significantly increased through 12 h and 7 days postinjury, with the maximum at 72 h. The concentrations of @entity1505 and @entity568 in the injured brain were significantly increased from 3 h to 7 days and maximal at 24 h postinjury. The number of @entity1590 immunostained microvessels was significantly increased in the injured brain from 24 h to 7 days postinjury, with its peak at 72 h. Concomitant upregulation of @entity1505 , @entity568 , @entity1590 and the cytokine mediators @entity4026 in the injured brain was observed in the injured brain after @entity131 , and there was a highly positive relation among these variables. CONCLUSIONS: Cortical contusion @entity130 could induce a concomitant and persistent upregulation of @entity4026 binding activity, @entity1505 , @entity568 and @entity1590 in the injured @entity35 brain which might play a central role in the injury-induced immune response of brain.

title: Concomitant upregulation of nuclear factor-kB activity, proinflammatory cytokines and @entity1590 in the injured brain after @entity131 XXXX in a @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'cortical contusion']

entities_list: @entity1590 :: ('25464(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule 1']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) is widely used as a @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) activator, @entity7131 is involved in the secretion of mucins. @entity10224 , one of the membrane-bound mucins, is produced in @entity1 airway epithelial cells. However, the effect and signaling pathway of @entity4515 on @entity10224 expression in @entity1 airway epithelial cells has not been reported. Therefore, the effect and brief signaling pathway of @entity4515 on @entity10224 expression were investigated in @entity1 airway epithelial cells in this study. METHODS: In the mucin-producing @entity1 NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells and the primary cultures of normal nasal epithelial cells, the effect and signaling pathway of @entity4515 on @entity10224 expression were investigated using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay, and immunoblot analysis with several specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA) for @entity1435 (MAPK). RESULTS: @entity4515 increased @entity10224 expression, and activated phosphorylation of @entity3963 MAPK. However, it did not activate phosphorylation of @entity3962 ( @entity1366 ). @entity1441 ( @entity3963 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited @entity4515 -induced @entity10224 expression, while @entity5732 ( @entity1366 inhibitor) did not. In addition, the knockdown of @entity3963 MAPK by @entity3963 MAPK siRNA significantly blocked @entity4515 -induced @entity10224 mRNA expression. @entity12703 ( @entity7131   inhibitor) inhibited @entity4515 -induced @entity10224 expression, and also inhibited the phosphorylation of activated @entity3963 MAPK by @entity4515 . CONCLUSION: These results show for the first time that @entity4515 -induced @entity10224 expression is regulated by activation of the @entity7131   and @entity3963 MAPK signaling pathway in @entity1 airway epithelial cells.

title: Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate Induces @entity10224 Expression via XXXX   and @entity3963 in @entity1 Airway Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['Rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['PKC']


abstract: The hemodynamic responses and the role of renal nerves in the physiopathogenesis of acute (45 min) @entity101 were studied in conscious @entity35 . The hemodynamic responses elicited by aortic constriction in intact and bilaterally nephrectomized @entity35 were analyzed by means of miniaturized pulsed-Doppler flow probes. Anephric @entity35 presented a smaller increase in mean carotid pressure (MCP) and calculated aortic resistance during @entity1498 than did intact animals. Reflex @entity1168 throughout the experiment did not differ significantly between the two groups. The pressor response following @entity1498 in untreated renal-denervated @entity35 was similar to that found in intact subjects. Renal-denervated @entity35 previously treated with V1-vascular @entity5463 antagonist @entity6021 showed the same @entity101 response as control renal-denervated @entity35 . Previous treatment of renal-denervated @entity35 with @entity11605 (an @entity1808 antagonist) produced a significant reduction in the @entity101 response throughout the experiment when compared to untreated renal-denervated @entity35 . Similarly, @entity35 treated with the vasopressin antagonist plus @entity11605 showed a blunted @entity101 response following @entity1498 . The results for @entity35 previously treated with vasopressin antagonist plus @entity11605 did not differ from those obtained with @entity11605 alone. Overall, the results of @entity101 obtained in the present study indicate that: 1) Anephric @entity35 showed a blunted @entity101 response due to the lack of neuro-humoral release of vasopressor substances (e.g. @entity1808 and vasopressin) triggered by the kidneys, when only the mechanical factor of constriction was present; 2) The lack of afferent feedback from the kidneys in renal-denervated @entity35 for @entity1951 release from the central nervous system allowed @entity1808 to play the major physiopathological role associated with the mechanical factor in the @entity101 response.

title: Mechanical and neuro-humoral factors in acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph node @entity3 (LNM) are very often found in @entity259 . After primary therapy, elevated levels of calcitonin are measurable in many @entity1 . Because of the low sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools to detect micrometastases, the question remains whether an extended lymphadenectomy improves the chance of cure and whether this approach should be @entity5 stage oriented. METHODS: We analyzed the results of 36 @entity1 with @entity259 consecutively reoperated from 1988 to 1996, performing microdissection of all four locoregional lymph node compartments. RESULTS: Pathologic @entity5 stage (pT) category was classified as @entity2558 , n = 3; pT2 n = 22; @entity1803 , n = 6; and pT4, n = 5. LNM were found in 34 @entity1 (94%). The cervicocentral compartment contained LNM in 85%, the cervicolateral compartments in 41% to 54%, and the upper @entity6830 in 36%. @entity1 with different pT category did not differ in the rate of LNM. Ipsilateral cervicolateral LNM were found in 50% to 71% and contralateral cervicolateral LNM in 14% to 40%. Nine (35%) of 26 @entity1 without distant @entity3 were biochemically cured. In 10 @entity1 (38%) calcitonin level decreased more than 50%. CONCLUSIONS: LNM were almost always (94%) found in @entity1 who have elevated calcitonin levels after primary therapy. In @entity1 without distant @entity3 , four-compartment lymphadenectomy gives a chance of cure in 35%. @entity5 stage-oriented approach does not seem to be justified.

title: Reoperation in metastasizing @entity259 : is a XXXX stage-oriented approach justified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity20083 alters lymphocyte recirculation and homing by interfering with S1P receptors on lymphocytes, possibly in combination with chemokine receptors, and induces a decrease in PBL counts. In fresh, whole blood samples of 14 kidney transplant @entity1 , we analyzed by flow cytometry the effect of FTY on the number of NK cells, monocytes, na  ve ( @entity9350 +) T cells, memory ( @entity5075 +) T cells and B cells. @entity1 treated with 0.5, 2.5 or 5mg FTY/day showed a strong decrease in T and B cell numbers. NK cells and monocytes were not affected. FTY reduced primarily na  ve T cells. From the memory T cells ( @entity5075 +), predominantly CD8 cells, 40-60% remained in the circulation. The majority of the @entity9350 + cells disappeared from the circulation within 3-6h, while a further reduction was achieved later. The more slowly decrease in na  ve @entity9350 + T cell numbers was also observed in the group treated with 0.25mg FTY/day. Elispot assays revealed no @entity3646 producing cells and a low frequency of @entity379 producing cells. We suggest that both @entity9350 dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the depletion of T cells from peripheral blood.

title: XXXX treatment of kidney transplant @entity1 : a differential effect on B cells, na  ve T cells, memory T cells and NK cells.

answer: @entity20083 :: (MESH:C098720,Chemical) :: ['FTY720']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess in randomized prospective format sensitivity, laparotomy rate, and cost-effectiveness of using diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in a complementary role with computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of blunt @entity1661 . METHODS: Blunt @entity130 @entity1 greater than 18 years of age were eligible for entry in the study. The study period was from February 1999 to July 2000 at an urban Level I @entity130 center. All @entity1 were hemodynamically stable upon study entry and had abdominal tenderness with Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) scores > 13 or GCS < 14. @entity1 were randomized to a DPL arm (DPL-CT) versus a CT arm. If randomized to the CT arm, @entity1 underwent abdominal/pelvis CT. If CT was positive for solid organ injury, @entity1 were observed. If free fluid was identified on CT without solid organ injury, @entity1 were explored. If randomized to DPL-CT, @entity1 underwent closed infraumbilical DPL, except @entity174 that were done with the open supraumbilical technique. If the DPL result was > 20,000 RBCs/mm3, @entity1 underwent abdominal/pelvis CT. If the CT following DPL was consistent with solid organ injury, @entity1 were observed. If the CT following DPL identified free fluid without solid organ injury and DPL was > 100,000 RBCs/mm3, @entity1 were explored. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-two @entity1 were entered; 127 @entity1 were randomized to DPL-CT and 125 to CT. Of the 125 @entity1 randomized to CT, 102 (82%) CT scans were negative, 19 (15%) were positive for solid organ injury, and 3 (2%) had free fluid. Three (2%) of the initial negative CT scan @entity1 underwent delayed laparotomy for missed injuries. Of the 127 @entity1 randomized to DPL-CT, 26 (20%) required CT scan, of which 13 (10%) were positive for solid organ injury and 13 (10%) for free fluid. Positive DPL results that were indications for CT ranged from 21,000 to 1 million RBCs/mm3. Eight of the 13 DPL-CT @entity1 with free fluid on CT had DPL results less than 100,000 RBCs/mm3 and did not require laparotomy. There were no known missed injuries in the DPL-CT arm. Seven (6%) laparotomies were performed in the DPL-CT arm and 10 (8%) in the CT arm. The average cost to the @entity1 for abdominal evaluation in the CT arm was 1611 dollars and 650 dollars in the DPL-CT arm. CONCLUSION: Screening DPL with complementary CT has a low nontherapeutic laparotomy rate and is a sensitive and cost-effective method for the evaluation of blunt @entity1661 .

title: Complementary roles of diagnostic peritoneal lavage and computed tomography in the evaluation of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Differentiating large @entity362 from atypical @entity5 (ALT) is challenging, and preoperative management guidelines are not well defined. The diagnostic ambiguity leads many surgeons to refer all @entity1 with large lipomatous masses to an oncologic specialist, perhaps unnecessarily. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with nonretroperitoneal @entity5 , preoperative characteristics discernible without invasive diagnostic procedures were evaluated for diagnostic predictive value. RESULTS: We identified 319 @entity1 (256 with @entity362 , 63 with ALTs) treated between 1994 and 2012. @entity1 with ALTs were older (60.5 vs 53.5 years, p < 0.0001), had larger @entity5 (16.0 vs 8.3 cm, p < 0.0001), had @entity5 more often located on an extremity (88.9% vs 60.5% torso, p < 0.0001), and more frequently had a history of previous operations at the same site, exclusive of excision leading to diagnosis and referral (20.6% vs 5.9%, p = 0.001). Local recurrence was observed in 2 @entity1 with @entity362 (0.8%) vs 14 with ALTs (22.6%, p < 0.0001). No @entity1 with ALTs developed distant @entity3 or disease-specific mortality, with a median follow-up of 27.4 months (range 0 to 164.6 months). On multivariate analysis, age >=  55 years, @entity5 size >=  10 cm, extremity location, and history of previous resections were predictors for diagnosis of ALT (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of lipomatous masses associated with a diagnosis of ALT include @entity1 age >=  55 years, @entity5 size >=  10 cm, previous resection, and extremity location (vs torso). These easily identifiable traits may guide surgical management or referral to a specialist.

title: The General Surgeon's quandary: atypical XXXX , who needs a surgical oncologist?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lipomatous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['lipomatous tumor vs lipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the perinatal and 2-year outcomes in pregnancies complicated by preterm @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ) during the second trimester. METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive singleton pregnancies with @entity4942 at 14 to 28 weeks of gestation were studied retrospectively. Management goals were to prolong the pregnancies to 32 weeks through expectant management and to avoid fetal compromise through closer monitoring and active intervention, when necessary, after 23 weeks. Outcome of the surviving @entity1 was based on neurologic, audiometric, and ophthalmologic examinations at 2 years of corrected age. RESULTS: Rupture of membranes occurred at 14-19 weeks (mean 17.4 weeks) in 10 @entity1 , at 20-25 weeks (mean 24.0 weeks) in 24, and at 26-28 weeks (mean 27.6 weeks) in 19. The median latency periods to delivery were 72 days, 12 days, and 10 days when @entity397 occurred at 14-19 weeks, 20-25 weeks, and 26-28 weeks, respectively. The overall incidence of @entity5870 was 28%. There were no fetal @entity204 and nine neonatal @entity204 . When @entity397 occurred at 14-19 weeks, 20-25 weeks, and 26-28 weeks, the perinatal survival rates were 40%, 92%, and, 100%, respectively. @entity358 accounted for seven @entity204 . Of the live-born @entity1 , 81% were alive at 2 years of corrected age. @entity73 was observed in 75%, 80%, and 100% of the survivors when @entity397 occurred at 14-19 weeks, 20-25 weeks, and 26-28 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSION: Expectant management of second-trimester @entity4942 offers better perinatal and long-term survival than previously thought.

title: Survival and 2-year outcome with expectant management of second-trimester XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Survival without major impairment']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture of membranes', 'PROM']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: The objective of this study was to optimize a suitable vehicle composition, using response surface method (RSM) and artificial @entity1274 (ANN), for the transdermal delivery of @entity2493 (MT). MT is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that influences @entity1 sleep and reproductive patterns. A successful treatment for @entity25 can be developed if MT is delivered with a rate at which it is produced in the body (endogenous rhythm). Prominent hepato-gastrointestinal first-pass metabolism and short half-life of MT in the body, limits the ability of oral route to mimic the endogenous rhythm. Transdermal route is supposed to avoid first-pass metabolism, and maintain steady-state plasma MT concentrations for a required period of time. However, MT by itself can not pass through the dense lipophilic matrix of stratum corneum. Hence solvents like water (W), @entity1068 (E), @entity2771 (P), their binary and ternary mixtures were employed to increase MT flux and reduce lag time. Special quartic model (RSM) and deltaW:P (50:50) were predicted as the effective vehicles. W:E:P was considered as the best vehicle, both in terms of flux (12.75 microg/cm(2) per h) and lag time (5 h). RSM and ANN prediction of the best mixtures coincided very well. The ability of these tools to summarize various responses (solubility, flux, and lag time) with respect to vehicle composition enabled us to study the inter-relativity between the responses.

title: Optimization of a vehicle mixture for the transdermal delivery of XXXX using artificial @entity1274 and response surface method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between quality of life six months following @entity2 surgery and survival. METHODS: In a prospective population-based cohort study, quality of life was estimated by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) questionnaire before and six months after surgery for @entity2 . Cox regression models adjusting for potential confounding factors were used to analyze the association between SF-36 scores six months after surgery and survival. We also estimated the risk of @entity204 in @entity1 scoring below the normal population mean at six months after surgery. RESULTS: We included 249 @entity1 , and 79 @entity1 were excluded because of histopathology other than primary @entity2 . After six months, 11 @entity1 had died, and 18 @entity1 did not respond to the second SF-36 questionnaire, leaving a study population of 141 @entity1 with SF-36 data from both baseline and follow-up. During a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 35 @entity204 occurred. The SF-36 physical and mental component summary scores assessed at six months after @entity2 surgery were significantly associated with survival. Mental component summary scores below the mean of the age- and gender-matched normal population were associated with a three-fold increase in the risk of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life scores six months after surgery contained prognostic information regarding long-term survival that was independent of baseline scores. If these findings can be validated, cross-sectional post-treatment measurements of quality of life can prove valuable, especially when baseline information is unavailable.

title: Quality of life six months after XXXX surgery is associated with long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is frequently associated with @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ) within families. In these families, HLA polymorphism may modulate the susceptibility to each disease. Families with @entity1723 were further categorized as to the presence of @entity1669 . @entity1723 -affected subjects from families without @entity1669 were compared with subjects with @entity1669 or with @entity1723 and @entity1669 from @entity1723 / @entity1669 families and with a control group. @entity1723 susceptibility in @entity1723 / @entity1669 families was negatively associated with the presence of @entity3098 *0602 [relative risk (RR) = 0.038; P = 0.0001; corrected P (Pc) = 0.0005] and *0301 (RR = 0.3; P = 0.002; Pc = 0.01) and positively associated with the presence of @entity3098 *0201 (RR = 3.4; P = 0.0007; Pc = 0.0035) and *0302 (RR = 5; P = 0.0001; Pc = 0.0005), regardless of @entity1669 . Compared with the @entity1723 -only group, the @entity1669 -only group had an increased frequency of subjects with @entity3098 *0602 (RR = 0.14; P = 0.031), suggesting that the known @entity1723 -protective effect of this allele may be independent of susceptibility to @entity1669 ; however, this difference was not significant when the P value was correlated for the number of alleles tested. In these families, susceptibility to @entity1669 was only associated with @entity3098 *0201 (RR = 5.71; P = 0.0043; Pc = 0.021). Among subjects with @entity3098 *0201, there was a weak negative association between the presence of @entity3098 *0302 on the second haplotype and @entity2621 (RR = 0.237; P = 0.026; Pc > 0.05). We conclude that in @entity1723 / @entity1669 families, @entity1723 -affected subjects are at risk for @entity1669 , especially those carrying @entity3098 *0201. This risk may be influenced by the alleles carried on the second haplotype, with @entity3098 *0302 (or a closely linked gene) protecting from @entity2621 and favoring @entity2743 .

title: @entity3098 -associated susceptibility that distinguishes @entity2621 from XXXX in type I diabetic patients.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'ATD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'Insulin-dependent diabetes']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: Conventional cytogenetic analysis of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) is characterized by inefficient growth of @entity5 cells during in vitro culture, leading to a lack of aberrant karyotypes in many of @entity5 . In this study we have combined a modified short-term tissue culture method for conventional banding analysis and @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) to examine genetic changes in @entity263 , and to evaluate the effect of the in vitro culture on chromosomal changes by comparing results of the two methods. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 34 PCs using both, conventional and molecular methods. Tumor tissues were obtained predominantly from untreated primary @entity5 from 48 @entity1 . For karyotyping all @entity5 samples were short-term cultured using a feeder layer technique. Additionally DNA from uncultured @entity5 material from 17 of those @entity1 was isolated and screened for copy number changes using @entity8625 . Conventional banding analysis: clonal aberrations were detected in 65% of the @entity5 samples. Most of the chromosomal findings were numerical changes, including loss of chromosomes Y (32%), 18, 19 and 21 (each 12%). Less frequent, trisomy of chromosome 7 and monosomy of chromosomes 9, 12 and 22 (each 9%) was found. Additionally an inversion of chromosome 9p and a deletion at chromosome 7q was found in two cases. In 35% no clonal aberrations could be detected. @entity8625 : DNA copy number changes were detected in 65% of the analyzed @entity5 . Predominantly losses of DNA sequences were found. The most common losses were found at chromosome regions 13q21q33 (29%), 6q11q23 (24%), 16q, and 18 (each 18%), and the most common gains at 19 (18%). In six @entity5 no copy number changes were found. Both methods showed a similar aneuploidy rate, suggesting that the feeder layer technique is quite a suitable method for in vitro culture of @entity263 cells. However, the two techniques produced substantially differing results for most of the @entity5 samples, and in some cases the discrepancies are quite striking. Therefore eventual culture effects need to be taken into account when comparing results from conventional cytogenetics and @entity8625 . Some contrary findings from the two methods are discussed.

title: Combined study of XXXX by classical cytogenetic analysis and @entity8625 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'investigated tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['CGH', 'comparative genomic hybridization']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limb-sparing surgery, consisting of wide-margin @entity5 resection and preoperative or postoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy, has become the surgical treatment of choice for extremity @entity242 . However, adequate @entity5 resection can sometimes compromise crucial limb function, necessitating functional restoration surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the cost impact and functional outcomes of such procedures. METHODS: @entity1 receiving either functional restoration surgery or soft-tissue-only reconstruction following extremity soft-tissue @entity242 excision were identified. @entity1 were then compared along several dimensions: overall length of stay and its subdivisions, surgical time, and total charges and its subdivisions. @entity1 ' functional outcomes were assessed with the Toronto Extremity Salvage Score. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 who underwent 69 limb-sparing procedures were identified. Fifteen of these procedures (eight upper extremity, seven lower extremity) required functional restoration surgery; 54 of these procedures (13 upper extremity, 41 lower extremity) required only soft-tissue coverage. In the upper extremity, there was a statistically significant increase in overall length of stay (2.8 days) and its subdivisions, surgical time (3.7 hours), and total charges (12,484 dollars) and its subdivisions associated with performing functional restoration surgery. In lower extremity cases, statistically significant increases were determined in only the total charges (9190 dollars) and medical supply charges (13,204 dollars) following functional restoration. @entity1 who underwent functional restoration surgery had better postoperative function (mean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score, 82 versus 80), but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Although functional restoration surgery is more costly than soft-tissue reconstruction alone, the authors believe that the associated better functional outcome justifies its performance.

title: Cost analysis of functional restoration surgery for extremity soft-tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: @entity4002 were tested in mixed breed @entity235 by vaccinating them with @entity406 -killed @entity4003 whole cells (WC) in either phase I (WCI) or phase II (WCII), or the @entity3636 : @entity1042 residue (CMR) subunit of phase I cells. Phase I vaccines mixed (1:1) with Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) induced humoral immune responses to phases I and II antigens as measured by microagglutination assay. The CMR vaccine mixed (1:1) with FIA induced greater antigen-specific antibody levels to both phases I and II antigens than the corresponding WCI vaccine. The WCII vaccine induced antibody responses to only phase II antigens. The time course of erythema and induration after skin testing with C. burnetii antigens were suggestive of cell-mediated immunity (CMI). Although @entity738 were observed with only WCI and WCII, none of the skin test antigens induced @entity733 at the injection site. In contrast, axillary nodes draining the vaccine injection site developed sterile draining @entity733 in all @entity235 by days 19 to 24 for the WCI and CMR, and day 104 for the WCII vaccines. The @entity733 had resolved within 30 days after first appearance. Responses to Con A and @entity8990 and recall antigens of lymphocytes from the blood, axillary and mesenteric nodes, and spleen at 222 days after vaccination were variable among @entity235 . Lymphocytes from various organs responded to one or more of the recall antigens and to both mitogens in the absence or presence of @entity3352 . Although these @entity4002 induced humoral and CMI, either the antigens or FIA caused sterile draining @entity733 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunization of XXXX with @entity4002 : comparison of phase I, II and phase I CMR @entity4003 vaccines.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['Q fever vaccines']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity4003 :: ('777', 'Species') :: ['Coxiella burnetii']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']