abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity3620 have a poor prognosis and only 40% respond to first line treatment; a combination of pemetrexed and @entity900 or @entity3003 . We used primary @entity3620 cells and an ex vivo chemosensitivity assay with future purpose to predict best choice of treatment. The clinical outcome of these @entity1 might be predicted by measuring drug sensitivity. METHODS: Pleural effusions containing primary @entity3620 cells were received from the diagnostic routine. We characterized and tested the chemosensitivity of 18 malignant samples and four benign samples from 16 different @entity1 with @entity1143 . Cells were seeded in a 384-well plate for a robotized ex vivo testing of drug sensitivity to 32 different drugs. The primary cells were further characterized by immunocytochemistry to evaluate the proportion of malignant cells and to study the @entity4736 and @entity11833 reactivity, two proteins associated with drug resistance. RESULTS: We observed great individual variability in the drug sensitivity. Primary cell isolates were affected by between one and ten drugs, and resistant to the remaining tested drugs. @entity4316 and @entity5699 were the two drugs effective in most cases. Adjusting efficiency of individual drugs for varying proportion of @entity5 cells and to the average effect on benign cells correlated with effect of pemetrexed, @entity900 and survival time. General drug sensitivity, proportion of malignant cells and reactivity to @entity4736 correlated to each other and to survival time of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of malignant cells and @entity4736 reactivity in the @entity1143 correlate to drug sensitivity and survival time. The variability in response to the commonly used chemotherapies emphasizes the need for tests that indicate best individual choice of cytotoxic drugs. The efficiency of the obtained results should preferably be corrected for admixture of benign cells and effects of given drugs on benign cells.

title: Characterization and drug sensitivity profiling of primary XXXX cells from @entity1143 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy may relieve @entity5 -related symptoms, may improve quality of life and prolong survival in advanced @entity1820 . The extent of such improvements is unclear despite the extensive use of this treatment modality, and there are no studies concerning the economic cost of any @entity1017 achieved in the quantity and quality of life by chemotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 1991 and May 1992, 61 @entity1 with inoperable @entity5 (18 gastric, 22 pancreatic or biliary, and 21 colorectal) were randomized to either primary chemotherapy in addition to best supportive care or to best supportive care. Chemotherapy was allowed in the latter group if the supportive measures did not achieve palliation. All economic costs for medical care were prospectively recorded, and marginal cost-effectiveness analyses were performed. RESULTS: More @entity1 in the primary chemotherapy group (19/33, 58%) had improved/prolonged high quality of life (QoL- @entity1 , minimum duration 4 months) than in the best supportive care group (8/28, 29%, p < 0.05). Overall survival and quality-adjusted survival were significantly longer in the primary chemotherapy group (median 9 vs. 4 months, p < 0.05), and median 7 vs. 2 months, p < 0.05, respectively). When analysed by @entity5 site, survival was significantly prolonged in @entity356 @entity1 (median 10 vs. 4 months, p < 0.02), but not in colorectal (median 12 vs. 6 months, p = 0.1) and @entity788 @entity1 (median 8 vs. 5 months, p = 0.8). The average cost for all medical care was approximately 50% higher in the primary chemotherapy group, but the average cost per day was the same in the two groups. Hospitalization accounted for most of the costs in both groups. The incremental costs per gained year of life was SEK 166,400 ( 21,300), per gained quality-adjusted year of life SEK 157,200 ( 20,200), and per QoL- @entity1 SEK 160,300 ( 20,600). These costs were lower for gastric and @entity14 @entity1 , and much higher for @entity788 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that palliative chemotherapy is cost-effective in @entity1 with advanced gastric and @entity14 . Knowledge about survival and quality of life benefits is still limited in @entity1 suffering from @entity356 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic-biliary cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric and pancreatic-biliary cancer']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']


abstract: The @entity5390 caused by @entity6649 (App) is one the most important @entity1707 @entity1576 . Biochemical and serological tests are widely applied for App diagnosis and characterization. However, in some isolates, conflicting results are found. The present work focus on the characterization of 29 isolates biochemically classified as A. pleuropneumoniae, collected from @entity1707 in herds with or without a clinical history of @entity5390 . Sixteen isolates were from healthy @entity1707 , initially classified as nonserotypable A. pleuropneumoniae; they displayed differences in the molecular characterization patterns of App (genes cpx and apxI, II, and III). Those bacteria that could not be serotyped were submitted to rDNA 16S sequencing. All 29 isolates were analyzed by PCR for the presence of the apxIVA gene. Thirteen isolates (45%) were confirmed to be A. pleuropneumoniae by PCR, nine being from diseased animals (31%) and four from healthy animals (14%) with conclusive serotyping. The rDNA 16S sequencing was used to classify the other 16 isolates in related species other than A. pleuropneumoniae, resulting in eleven A. minor, three A. porcinus, and two Pasteurella sp. Because of conflicting results between biochemical tests and rDNA 16S sequencing, the biochemical characterization was repeated, and the new results were in agreement with the rDNA 16S sequencing data. Biochemical characterization proved to be efficient for the majority of the A. pleuropneumoniae isolates. Nevertheless, conventional tests can render conflicting results, and other methodologies, such as amplification of A. pleuropneumoniae specific apxIVA gene and rDNA 16S sequencing, are very useful for improved classification. We also observed a great variety in rDNA 16S sequences from different A. minor isolates.

title: Evaluation of PCR based on gene apxIVA associated with 16S rDNA sequencing for the identification of XXXX and related species.

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia']

answer: @entity6649 :: (715,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']


abstract: Between March, 1966, and June, 1985, 23 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 underwent partial or total resection of apical petrous or @entity1653 at The National Hospital for Nervous Diseases. Presenting symptoms were typically of long duration (mean 29 months) and consisted primarily of gait disturbance, @entity10 , @entity393 , and @entity158 . @entity129 , especially affecting the @entity2103 . were observed in nearly every @entity1 . Tumor size, but not location, was generally associated with degree of @entity717 . Plain skull films were usually unremarkable, but computerized tomography (CT) proved highly accurate in determining @entity5 location and size. A characteristic pattern of vascular displacement was seen on vertebral angiograms, although blood supply to the @entity5 was derived primarily from branches of the internal and external carotid arteries. Subtotal or total resection was undertaken in all cases; nine @entity1 required adjunctive cerebrospinal fluid shunting procedures. Although surgical techniques evolved during the course of the 20-year study, a combined supra- and infratentorial approach proved a relatively safe and effective means of surgical treatment. New or worsened @entity86 , especially @entity129 , and complications in the immediate postoperative period frequently resulted in temporary deterioration of the clinical status during this period; the total operative mortality rate was 9%. Follow-up periods ranged up to 9 years; 70% of @entity1 resumed an independent existence, and none is known to have required subsequent @entity5 surgery. The size of the lesion was the only significant factor in determining outcome. These data suggest that @entity1653 of the clivus and apical petrous bone can be accurately diagnosed by CT and three-vessel angiography, and effectively treated by microsurgical resection.

title: XXXX of the clivus and apical petrous bone. Report of 35 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['Cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['fifth, seventh, and eighth nerves']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas', 'clivus meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative disability']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningiomas']


abstract: @entity661 are new but commonly used devices for the treatment of @entity28 ; however, their safety and efficacy have not been established. We report our results of a small, double-blind, randomized trial in which the effectiveness of intragastric balloons was compared with that of conventional medical therapy for @entity28 . Twenty-two @entity1 , who were 21 to 77% over ideal body weight, were studied. Eleven underwent insertion of an intragastric balloon, and 11 underwent sham procedures. One @entity1 with a gastric balloon withdrew from the study after 3 days. Weight loss at 2 to 3 months in the conventional therapy group averaged 2.8 kg; in the balloon-treated group, the mean @entity353 was 5.8 kg (P greater than 0.15). Of the 10 balloons, 8 spontaneously deflated, and 1 was passed in the stools. We noted @entity356 in five @entity1 and @entity2275 in one. We conclude that the intragastric balloon was not clearly effective in inducing @entity353 , had a high rate of spontaneous deflation, and was damaging to the @entity356 . Controlled trials should be done before similar weight-reduction devices are used in routine clinical practice.

title: @entity661 in comparison with standard therapy for XXXX --a randomized, double-blind trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Intragastric balloons']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa', 'gastric erosions']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['multiple gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The inhibition of ACTH secretion by glucocorticoids in vivo is biphasic, with rapid early suppression followed by transient recovery and a late inhibitory phase. To evaluate whether this biphasic effect of glucocorticoids occurs at the pituitary level, the effects of @entity2819 (B) on stimulated ACTH release were analyzed in @entity35 anterior pituitary cell cultures. Preincubation with 1 microM B inhibited the ACTH response to 10 nM @entity3318 in a biphasic manner, with rapid inhibition after 10-40 min of preincubation, followed by partial recovery between 40-80 min, and a later phase of inhibition after 80-140 min. Preincubation with B for 40 or 120 min caused a dose-dependent suppression of @entity3318 -stimulated ACTH release, with ED50 values of 416 +/- 21 and 45 +/- 12 nM B, respectively. Pretreatment with B also caused a biphasic inhibitory effect on the stimulatory action of vasopressin, @entity1808 , and @entity1063 on ACTH release. However, addition of these stimuli in combination with @entity3318 surmounted B inhibition of @entity3318 -stimulated ACTH release. B also inhibited the ACTH-releasing effects of postreceptor stimuli, including @entity5987 , @entity1359 , and @entity13231 . In the presence of @entity1880 (10 microM), the early inhibitory effect of B was unchanged, but the delayed effect was decreased. Whereas preincubation with B for 40 min inhibited ACTH release, but not total intracellular plus released ACTH, preincubation for 120 min decreased both released and total ACTH. These findings demonstrate that the two inhibitory effects of B on ACTH release differ in their kinetics, @entity134 sensitivity, and @entity734 on protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect of B on ACTH responses to stimuli with different mechanisms of action suggests that the suppressive effects of B are mainly exerted at a site distal to the formation of the second messengers involved in hormonal activation of ACTH release.

title: Biphasic inhibition of adrenocorticotropin release by XXXX in cultured anterior pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity13231 :: ('MESH:C044295', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-dioctanoylglycerol']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 arising from the thymus is extremely rare. Only 33 cases of thymic @entity1074 have been reported to date. We present the case of a 53-year-old Japanese @entity1 with @entity244 who was diagnosed with thymic @entity1074 . In addition, the @entity1 had the characteristic clinical and pathological features of thymic @entity1074 , as found in most of the 33 previous cases, except that there was an immunoglobulin G (IgG) phenotype, i.e. @entity244 , epithelial cysts, @entity75 , and marked plasmacytic differentiation. The serum IgA levels were also elevated with IgA kappa M protein. This @entity4754 remained unchanged after operation. The serological abnormalities may not arise from @entity1074 itself and may arise from the immune system hyper-reactivity evoked by @entity244 . Of further interest were marked accumulations of @entity469 -positive histiocytes containing abundant eosinophilic globular inclusions in their cytoplasm. These inclusions were immunopositive for IgG-kappa, suggesting immunoglobulin inclusion bodies. The globular immunoglobulin inclusion bodies have been reported in non-crystallized immunoglobulin-storing histiocytosis in only one @entity1 with @entity1582 . To our knowledge, this is the first case of thymic @entity1074 with marked accumulation of histiocytes with immunoglobulin inclusions in a @entity1 with @entity244 .

title: Thymic mucosa-associated XXXX with immunoglobulin-storing histiocytosis in @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity63 -reperfusion injury is among the most serious problems in cardiac surgery. @entity3089 , a major polyphenolic component of green tea, is thought to be cardioprotective through its antioxidant activities. We investigated cardioprotective effects of oral @entity3089 pretreatment against @entity63 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity35 hearts and considered possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS: @entity35 were given @entity3089 solution orally at 0.1, 1, or 10 mmol/L (n=12 per group) for 2 weeks; controls (n=12) received tap water alone for 2 weeks. Subsequently, Langendorff-perfused hearts were subjected to global @entity63 for 30 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. RESULTS: Recoveries at 60 minutes after reperfusion of left ventricular developed pressure and maximum positive and minimum negative first derivatives of left ventricular pressure were significantly higher in 1-mmol/L group than in 0.1-mmol/L (P<.0001), 10-mmol/L (P<.05), and control (P<.0001) groups. @entity66 after reperfusion, as reflected by @entity7599 index, was lower in 1-mmol/L group than in control (P<.01) and 0.1-mmol/L (P<.05) groups. Western blot analysis after reperfusion showed @entity12220 activation and active @entity4124 expression to be lower in 1-mmol/L group than in control group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral pretreatment with @entity3089 preserved cardiac function after @entity63 -reperfusion, an effect that may involve its antioxidative, antiapoptotic properties, although a high dose did not lead to dramatic improvement in cardiac function. Oral @entity3089 pretreatment may be a novel and simple cardioprotective method for preventing perioperative @entity299 in cardiac surgery.

title: Oral pretreatment with a green tea polyphenol for cardioprotection against @entity63 -reperfusion injury in an isolated XXXX heart model.

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate', 'Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2961 kinase catalyzes the reversible conversion of @entity12116 and @entity857 to @entity855 and @entity23727 , which is hydrolyzed to @entity3265 and @entity6445 . The three-dimensional structure of @entity2961 kinase from the @entity1 parasite @entity461 (glCK) has been determined at 3 A resolution. The crystals belonged to the monoclinic space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 69.77, b = 85.41, c = 102.1 A, beta = 106.8 degrees . The structure was refined to a final R factor of 0.227. The essentiality of glCK together with its absence in @entity1 makes the enzyme an attractive candidate for anti-Giardia drug development. Steady-state kinetic rate constants have been determined. The k(cat) for @entity855 formation is 319 +/- 9 s(-1). The K(m) values for @entity12116 and @entity857 are 85 +/- 6 and 70 +/- 5 microM, respectively. The structure suggests that three invariant @entity376 residues (Lys131, Lys216 and Lys278) may be involved in the binding of substrates and @entity11064 transfer. The structure of glCK reveals that a @entity653 molecule binds in the likely @entity12116 -binding site.

title: X-ray structure and characterization of @entity2961 kinase from the @entity1 parasite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamoyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity23727 :: ('MESH:C070766', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium carbamate']

entities_list: @entity6445 :: ('CHEBI:41609', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity2961 :: ('CHEBI:28616', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamate', 'Carbamate']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity11064 :: ('CHEBI:29315', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoryl']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nuclear factor-kappa B activation in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 pathogenesis provided the rationale for the evaluation of @entity1749 in this malignancy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity1074 were enrolled. Thirty-one @entity1 received @entity1749 1.3 mg/m(2) i.v., on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, for up to six 21-day cycles. RESULTS: Median age was 63 years (range, 37-82 years). Median number of prior therapies was 2 (range, 1-4). Nine @entity1 had Ann Arbor stage I, 7 @entity1 had stage II, and 16 @entity1 had stage IV. @entity706 localization was the stomach in 14 @entity1 ; multiple extranodal sites were present in 10 @entity1 . Among the 29 @entity1 assessable for response, the overall response rate was 48% [95% confidence interval (CI) 29% to 67%], with 9 complete and 5 partial responses. Nine @entity1 experienced stable disease and six had disease progression during therapy. The most relevant adverse events were @entity1295 , @entity882 , @entity1398 , and @entity1897 . After a median follow-up of 24 months, the median duration of response was not reached yet. Five deaths were reported, in two @entity1 due to disease progression. CONCLUSION: @entity1749 is active in relapsed @entity1074 . Further investigations to identify optimal @entity1749 dose, schedule, and combination regimens are needed since the frequent detection of dose-limiting @entity1897 .

title: Clinical activity of XXXX in relapsed/refractory @entity1074 : results of a phase II study of the International @entity706 Study Group (IELSG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Primary lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: A photographic assessment of the head shape of @entity1 who had undergone surgical correction of @entity91 was performed to determine (a) whether this subset could be delineated from an age-matched normal subpopulation and (b) whether two operative procedures differed in achieving normalization of head shape. This retrospective study included 8 @entity1 who underwent extended strip craniectomy, 12 @entity1 who underwent subtotal calvarectomy and @entity949 , and 12 age-matched subjects with no @entity854 , for a total of 32 subjects. Criteria for inclusion in this study included surgery for @entity91 within the first year of life and postoperative photographs at ages 4 to 8 years (mean, 4.5 years). Each set of images (frontal and lateral profile) were ranked from most to least normal by five lay observers and four professional observers. The rankings were analyzed with statistics designed for ordinal data. Differences in ranking between treatment groups were examined with Kruskal-Wallis rank sums tests. Mean ranks were calculated for lay and professional observers in an attempt to produce simpler and more generalizable results; these means were also analyzed using statistics designed for ordinal data. There was no statistical difference in the ranks of @entity1 who had undergone a surgical correction and the normal subpopulation. In the mean rankings of the lay observers, the normal groups had the highest score mean (15.6), the group with extended strip craniectomy was second (16.0), and the subtotal calvarectomy with calvarial remodeling group was last (17.8) (p = 0.84). In the mean rankings of the professional observers, the normal groups again had the highest score mean (15.8), the subtotal calvarectomy group was second (15.9), and the extended craniectomy group was last (18.6) (p = 0.77). These results suggest that @entity1 who have undergone correction of @entity91 in @entity950 are indistinguishable from their peers, on the basis of fully haired head shape on frontal and lateral photographs, when they begin primary school, irrespective of the type of calvarial surgery.

title: Photographic assessment of head shape following XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity949 :: ('MESH:C566356', 'Disease') :: ['cranial vault remodeling']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial abnormality']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['sagittal synostosis']


abstract: An intravenous injection of endotoxin into BALB/c @entity19 bearing subcutaneous Meth A sarcomata caused @entity548 and reduced growth of the @entity5 . In a number of instances this was followed by regression. alpha-Adrenergic blockade with @entity5521 prior to endotoxin did not influence @entity5 growth, but tended to reduce the incidence of regression when compared to @entity19 merely treated with endotoxin. The frequency of @entity548 was not changed, although the extent of @entity39 was somewhat reduced. The alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent @entity5333 nullified the @entity851 induced by endotoxin and reduced the frequency of regression. Moreover both incidence and extent of @entity39 were diminished. Beta-adrenoceptor blockade with @entity1169 seems to potentiate the effect of endotoxin on @entity5 growth in the highest dose, but had no substantial effect on the necrotizing activities of endotoxin. Both alpha-blocking agents impaired induction of @entity548 and nullified @entity5 growth inhibition by @entity39 ( @entity39 ). beta-Adrenoceptor blockade decreased only the incidence of @entity39 induced by @entity39 . Regressing @entity5 had considerably more @entity548 irrespective of pretreatment, excepted @entity5333 . A single injection of the latter agent caused a dose-dependent stimulation of @entity5 growth, while the other agents exerted no effect. It is suggested that both normal and endotoxin-modified @entity5 growth are under alpha-adrenergic control and that induction of @entity548 is possibly mediated by release of adrenal @entity2661 .

title: Effect of adrenoceptor blockade on XXXX of meth A sarcomata induced by endotoxin or @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['tumor necrosis serum', 'TNS', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity460 antagonist @entity1445 can cause severe deterioration of hemodynamics unresponsible to treatment with beta adrenergic inotropes. The aim of the study was to evaluate in an experimental model the effects of @entity6759 during severe @entity460 antagonist intoxication. METHODS: Twelve landrace- @entity1707 were intoxicated with intravenous @entity1855 at escalating infusion rates. The infusion containing 2.5 mg/ml @entity1855 was used aiming to a reduction of cardiac output by 40% from the baseline value. Intoxicated @entity1707 were randomized into two groups: control (saline) and @entity6759 (intravenous bolus). Inotropic effect was measured as a change in a maximum of the positive slope of the left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt). The survival and hemodynamics of the animals were followed for 120 min after the targeted reduction of cardiac output. RESULTS: In the control group, five out of six @entity1707 died during the experiment. In the @entity6759 group, one @entity1707 died before completion of the experiment (p = 0.04). In the @entity6759 group a change in LV dP/dt was positive in four out of six @entity1707 compared to one out of six @entity1707 in the control group (p = ns). CONCLUSIONS: In this experimental model, the use of @entity6759 was associated with improved survival.

title: Effect of @entity6759 in experimental XXXX -induced myocardial depression.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['levosimendan']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: Eighty-seven of 175 laboratory raised F1 generation brook charr ( @entity12943 ) were resistant to experimental Cryptobia @entity281 . Susceptibility to the pathogen was not related to age nor to route of @entity281 . Plasma of resistant charr lysed the parasite under in vitro conditions while those of susceptible fish did not. Sperm from 4 susceptible and 4 resistant male charr, from 8 F1 families, were used to fertilize eggs from 2 hatchery raised susceptible charr. Susceptibility of progenies (F2 families) was determined 4 weeks after inoculation of the parasite. All progenies (seven F2 families) of 4 susceptible males were susceptible to experimental @entity281 and their plasma did not lyse the parasite. It was presumed that these susceptible progenies were homozygous recessive (rr), and that the resistant allele was dominant. All progenies (two F2 families) of 1 resistant male (presumed RR) and 2 susceptible females were all resistant to @entity281 and their plasma lysed the parasite. The ratio of resistant to susceptible charr in 6 other F2 families from the other 3 resistant males (presumed Rr) and two susceptible females was about 1:1. The results suggest a single Mendelian locus which determines innate resistance to C. @entity281 in brook charr and that it is possible to breed Cryptobia-resistant fish.

title: Susceptibility of brook charr, XXXX to the pathogenic haemoflagellate, Cryptobia salmositica, and the inheritance of innate resistance by progenies of resistant fish.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['salmositica infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity12943 :: ('8038', 'Species') :: ['Salvelinus fontinalis']

answer: @entity12943 :: (8038,Species) :: ['Salvelinus fontinalis']


abstract: We used a recently established stroma-supported tissue culture technique that allows long-term culture of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cells to study @entity21653 ( @entity17594 ) @entity137 to @entity981 . In the 20 cases of @entity981 studied, the number of cells recovered after 7 days of culture on allogeneic stromal layers were 58-192% (median, 95.5%) of those originally seeded. In parallel cultures with @entity17594 (100 nM), 74- > 99% (median, 97.5%) of @entity981 were killed. The @entity137 of @entity17594 extended to all ten samples with either the t(9;22) (q34;q11) or 11q23 chromosomal abnormalities, karyotypes associated with an extremely poor outcome, as well as to two samples collected at the time of relapse. The effects of @entity17594 were dose-dependent, and were due to triggering of apoptosis as shown by typical morphologic changes and occurrence of DNA fragmentation. Stromal layers were apparently not affected by @entity17594 treatment, even when used at 1000 nM. We also tested @entity17594 @entity137 to multidrug resistant subclones of the CCRF-CEM @entity981 cell line. CEM/VLB100 expresses P-glycoprotein, whereas CEM/VM-1 and CEM/VM-1-5 have topoisomerase II mutations that are associated with resistance to topoisomerase II inhibitors. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein or alterations in topoisomerase II did not protect cells from @entity17594 @entity137 . We conclude that @entity17594 is cytotoxic in most cases of @entity981 . The method used in this study may be applied to evaluate leukemic blast cell sensitivity to compounds with potential anti-leukemic activity, and to select @entity1 for entry into clinical trials.

title: Use of stroma-supported cultures of leukemic cells to assess antileukemic drugs. II. Potent XXXX of 2-chloro-deoxyadenosine in @entity981 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'leukemic lymphoblasts', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity21653 :: ('MESH:C036854|MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ["2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine"]

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: From this and other studies, it is clear that the determination of @entity5 cell type is dependent on cellular and architectural patterns which are fraught with considerable interobserver and even intraobserver variations. Even though determination of cell type is semiobjective at best, previous reports have sought to determine prognosis solely on the basis of cell type or subtype while other studies have made attempts to define the prognosis of the disease based on even less precise terms. In seeking an answer to the question of which is more important for prognosis of @entity2 , cell type or @entity2802 stage, the findings reported herein support the hypothesis that the @entity2802 stage is the single most important factor for survival. This conclusion is substantiated by the following observations: 1. When cell type is stratified by stage, no significant differences can be determined in survival according to @entity5 cell type. 2. There is a minor difference (not statistically significant) in survival for @entity5 cell type when considering resected stage I @entity5 (67 of 99) in terms of @entity420 which had a survival of 38 percent at 5 years versus @entity957 which had a survival of 23 percent at 5 years. The numbers of cases in this study were not sufficiently large to comment on the possible difference between surgically resected large cell and @entity4153 . 3. @entity2802 staging is a highly significant predictor in the survival of @entity1 with @entity2 . The significance for survival by stage remains even if the data are stratified by the cell type diagnosis. These conclusions apply to the total group of 124 @entity1 , and also to the subgroup of 99 surgically resected @entity1 . Many reports have attempted to determine survival of @entity2 in terms of cell type without regard to its stage. Consequently, comparison of data from various institutions is difficult. We believe @entity2802 staging of the disease not only allows reasonable comparison of data obtained from different institutions, but also, affords a useful and accurate means of assessing the extent of the disease and its prognosis.

title: XXXX cell type versus staging in the prognosis of @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity1 with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) are at higher risk of developing @entity195 and @entity302 . The relationship between developing @entity303 and the risk of developing @entity410 in @entity1467 is poorly characterized to date. In addition, treatment response and medication tolerability have not been rigorously studied. METHODS: We identified 220 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1467 and @entity303 . Those without a history of developing @entity410 ( @entity336 ) were compared to @entity1 with new-onset @entity410 ( @entity336 +S) after the age of 35. Electronic records were reviewed for demographics, @entity410 characteristics, cognitive status, and @entity146 comorbidities. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 included for analysis, twenty-six out of 60 @entity1 had new-onset @entity410 or developed @entity410 during the follow-up period (the @entity336 +S group) with a median onset of 2.0years after the @entity303 diagnosis. Generalized @entity410 were the most common @entity410 type (61.5% of @entity336 +S). Sixteen (61.5%) @entity1 were reported to have @entity2045 . @entity4677 was the most commonly used initial medication, with the majority (73%) of @entity1 treated achieving partial or complete @entity410 control. The @entity336 +S @entity1 tended to have a similar burden of new-onset @entity146 compared to the @entity336 group. DISCUSSION: New-onset @entity302 seems to occur early in the course of @entity303 in @entity1467 @entity1 . @entity1 generally respond to treatment. A great burden of @entity146 is seen. Future studies need to explore the relationship between b-amyloid accumulation and @entity302 and attend to the care and needs of @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity410 .

title: The clinical and neurobehavioral course of @entity1467 and @entity303 with or without new-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer-type dementia']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Abstract Novel cell lines, designated NM78-AM and NM78-MM, have been established from a @entity320 . NM78-AM cells were spherical, grew in suspension as clusters, and produced no melanin. In contrast, NM78-MM cells were adherent and produced melanin granules. Initially, NM78-AM cells were grown on fibroblast feeder cells or in growth media supplemented with 10% conditioned medium from fibroblasts, but eventually grew in standard growth media alone. NM78-AM cells had interdigitating microvilli and formed cell clusters. They had large nucleoli, desmosomes, lipid droplets, and well-developed Golgi apparatuses. In contrast, NM78-MM cells grew as adherent neuron-like cells. They had large prominent nucleoli, irregular nuclear membranes, a number of mitochondria, well-developed Golgi apparatuses, melanosomes at various stages of development in the cytoplasm, and the cells secreted melanin granules. Projections from these melanotic cells formed anastomoses with each other. NM78-MM cells stained immunofluorescently for internexin, neuron specific enolase, NF-200, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. These cells were severely aneuploid, approximating to triploidy, and had many marker chromosomes. We used a real-time monitoring system to evaluate @entity26 concentrations in culture medium to investigate the susceptibility of both cell lines to various anti- @entity5 drugs. NM78-AM cells were slightly sensitive to @entity4316 , but not to @entity900 , @entity2600 , the @entity2600 metabolite @entity2600 , @entity1311 , taxotere, @entity1732 and @entity1499 ; NM78-MM cells were sensitive to @entity900 , and not to @entity1311 , taxotere, @entity3003 , and @entity2600 . These new cell lines, NM78-AM and NM78-MM, will be very important for the development of new chemotherapeutics for oral @entity320 .

title: Novel amelanotic and melanotic cell lines NM78-AM and NM78-MM derived from a human oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma of the cheek oral mucosa', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity551 and other ocular effects were studied for 24 hr after topical application of @entity3774 as the @entity8973 salt (PGF2 alpha) in 45 normotensive @entity1 subjects. After baseline intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements, 62.5 micrograms, 125 micrograms and 250 micrograms of PGF2 alpha dissolved in 50 microliter of saline was applied to one eye of 15 subjects for each dose tested. Contralateral control eyes received 50 microliter of saline. As compared with the IOP of the contralateral control eyes, topical application of 62.5 micrograms PGF2 alpha caused a significant IOP reduction at 1-12 hr, with a maximal @entity2790 .2 mm Hg at 2 hr. Treatment with 125 micrograms of PGF2 alpha lowered IOP significantly at 1-21 hr, with a maximal reduction of 3.1 mm Hg at 9 hr. Administration of 250 micrograms PGF2 alpha produced a significant reduction of IOP, which lasted for at least 24 hr. A maximal @entity2790 .9 mm Hg occurred at 7 hr. Pupillary diameter was not altered. Aqueous flare and anterior chamber cellular response were not seen in any of the eyes of the subjects at any time after topical application of 62.5-250 micrograms PGF2 alpha. The drug caused side effects consisting of reddened skin of lower lid, @entity146 , conjunctival @entity450 and @entity10 .

title: The effect of XXXX on intraocular pressure in normotensive @entity1 subjects.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['ocular irritation']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['IOP reduction of 2']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotensive']

answer: @entity3774 :: (MESH:D015237,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']


abstract: Two studies of the carcinogenicity of the herbicide @entity4642 in animals were reviewed. Examination of histological sections showed that @entity4642 is highly carcinogenic in @entity35 and @entity19 . @entity5 at all sites, including @entity5 , were increased in male and female @entity35 given both low and high doses of @entity4642 in the National @entity5 Institute @entity35 study. The @entity5 were both @entity189 and @entity242 . @entity8703 , were increased in male and female @entity35 given @entity4642 . These @entity189 were observed in the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. @entity5 were also increased in the liver of male and female @entity35 and in the reproductive organs of female @entity35 given @entity4642 . Male and female @entity19 exposed to @entity4642 developed @entity5 of the spleen in the National @entity5 Institute @entity19 study. There were also toxic changes in @entity35 and @entity19 . Male @entity35 had @entity740 , @entity3243 , and @entity573 . There was atrophy of the testes in both male @entity35 and @entity19 given @entity4642 .

title: Carcinogenicity of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4642 :: ('MESH:D010846', 'Chemical') :: ['picloram']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms', 'Cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity8703 :: ('MESH:D004701', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms of the endocrine organs, particularly carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

answer: @entity4642 :: (MESH:D010846,Chemical) :: ['picloram']


abstract: @entity731 is a complex disease of uncertain cause. Its pathobiology is believed to represent an abnormal expression of the processes of vascular healing. Etiologic models derive from a 'response to injury' paradigm and can be divided into three separate disease stages: @entity409 , smooth muscle proliferation and @entity952 . The initiating event of @entity409 is unknown, but is believed to be related to low-density lipoproteins and/or their oxidized derivatives. Endothelial injury is signalled to the smooth muscle cells of the media by three routes: direct cell-cell interaction, secretion of soluble growth factors and monocyte-derived cytokines. Monocytes are recruited by the endothelium and invade the subintimal space by a complex interaction of a variety of adhesion proteins and receptors on both cell types. Smooth muscle cell proliferation is initiated by a change in phenotype expression from 'contractile' to 'synthetic' resulting from the binding of fibronectin to specific integrin receptors. Three functionally distinct activities may represent separate subtypes of the 'synthetic phenotype': migration from the media to the intima, increased proliferation and inappropriate extracellular matrix synthesis. The loss of normal regulatory control and anchorage independence of proliferation suggest a relationship to oncogenic transformation. Both migration and proliferation result from the binding of platelet-derived growth factor-like factors to smooth muscle cell receptors, which initiates a cascade of intracellular molecular events leading either to cytoskeletal locomotory restructuring or cell cycle activation. Both pathways also appear to be coregulated by integrin receptors and both depend upon phosphorylation of cell membrane, cytosolic and nuclear regulatory proteins. Clinical expression of @entity731 may follow sudden loss of architectural integrity of the intimal plaque by three different mechanisms: plaque fissuring, intraluminal plaque rupture or @entity548 related to abnormal vessel wall stress and/or biochemistry.

title: Molecular and cellular concepts in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['architectural disruption']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intramural hemorrhage']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study aimed to observe changes in anterior chamber parameters and the course of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) after injection of 0.1 ml intravitreal @entity2995 (TA) and to determine differences between phakic and @entity735 without vitreous reflux. METHODS: A prospective observational clinical trial was conducted with 89 @entity1 who received an intravitreal injection of TA and did not display vitreous reflux. Intraocular pressure measurements were made before injection and at 3, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mins after injection. Pentacam measurements were made before injection and at 5, 15, 30 and 45 mins after injection. RESULTS: @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) and @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) were significantly greater in @entity735 than in phakic eyes at all measurement time-points (p < 0.001). There was a decrease in both @entity8707 and @entity8707 at 5 mins after injection, and a gradual increase to normal values was observed at 15, 30 and 45 mins after injection in all study eyes. Compared with pre-injection measurements, changes in @entity8707 and @entity8707 were statistically significant at each time-point in both phakic and @entity735 (p < 0.001). A significant increase in @entity2790 within 3 mins of injection was observed in both groups and a more rapid decrease 10 mins after injection was observed in @entity735 . The differences in @entity2790 between phakic and @entity735 at all measurement time-points, except baseline and 3 mins after injection, were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Intraocular pressure < 30 mmHg and < 24 mmHg was recorded in all @entity735 at 10 and 20 mins after intravitreal injection, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Following intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml TA, without vitreous reflux, @entity2790 decreased to safe levels more quickly in @entity735 than in phakic eyes. Although there were more pronounced changes in anterior chamber parameters in @entity735 , these changes were reversible without any residual clinical significance.

title: Does lens status affect the course of early XXXX and anterior chamber changes after intravitreal injection?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['anterior chamber volume', 'ACD', 'Anterior chamber depth', 'ACV']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular pressure', 'IOP']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['intraocular pressure']


abstract: 1. In anaesthetized @entity35 , supramaximal baroreceptor stimulation by carotid sinus inflation evoked a reflex @entity551 and an increase in gross mesenteric vascular conductance, but no significant change in gross mesenteric blood flow. 2. Principal arteries (80-350 microns internal diameter (i.d.)) which supply the intestine and mesentery, small arteries (30-40 microns) and some terminal arterioles (18-30 microns) of the mesentery showed a diameter increase beginning with the fall in arterial pressure, but remaining terminal arterioles and precapillary arterioles (10-18 microns) showed a diameter increase beginning when arterial pressure neared its lowest level. 3. Application of @entity5521 to the mesentery abolished diameter increases that began with the reflex fall in arterial pressure. Thereafter, 50% of small arteries and terminal and precapillary arterioles showed diameter increases that began when the fall in arterial pressure neared its zenith. 4. It is proposed that the proximal arterial vessels, which are known to be sympathetically innervated, predominantly showed dilatation mediated by reflex inhibition of sympathetic tone, while more distal arterioles showed myogenic dilatation secondary to the @entity551 . 5. Small veins (30-50 microns) of the mesentery and principal veins (100-560 microns) that drain mesentery and intestine also showed a diameter increase beginning with the reflex @entity551 . Since they are known to have a sympathetic noradrenergic supply, and in the absence of changes in mesenteric blood flow likely to cause passive changes in venous diameter, they apparently showed dilatation due to inhibition of sympathetic tone. 6. The above responses are all compatible with, and so suggest underlying mechanisms for, changes in blood flow, regional blood volume, and capillary filtration evoked by baroreceptor stimulation in studies of whole mesenteric circulation, i.e. intestine as well as mesentery.

title: Direct observations of effects of baroreceptor stimulation on mesenteric circulation of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fall in systemic arterial pressure']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Analysis of biothiols is still problematic, due to their high polarity, oxidation sensitivity and time-consuming sample preparation. In this paper, a direct, rapid and sensitive method was developed for simultaneous quantification of unbound @entity462 ( @entity2569 ), @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and @entity15355 (PCs) in @entity579 leaf, stem and root samples by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). Homogenized samples were extracted with water containing 50mM @entity3902 , without derivatization and further clean-up, and the extracts were injected directly onto an Xbridge Amide-HILIC column (3.5 m, 150mm*2.1mm i.d.). The best chromatographic separation and @entity15 sensitivity was achieved using a linear gradient elution with 10mM aqueous @entity5189 and @entity1626 as the mobile phase. In @entity15 / @entity15 mode the detection limit (S/N>= 3) of seven biothiols was 3-105nM. Good linearities were observed (r>0.995) with linear dynamic range at least over three orders of magnitude. Recoveries for most analytes were within the range of 77-128%, with relative standard deviations less than 18.2%. The intra-day precision (n=7) was 6.1-11.7%, and the inter-day precision over 15 d (n=15) was 8.5-16.3% for all biothiols. The optimized HILIC- @entity15 / @entity15 method was applied to study the influence of different @entity3409 (Cd) concentrations (0, 1 and 50 M) on contents of @entity2569 , @entity2197 and PC2-6 in @entity579 tissue. With increasing Cd concentrations in nutrient solutions, contents of PC2-4 in @entity579 roots increased but contents of @entity2569 and @entity2197 decreased. Contents of PC2-4 in both @entity579 leafs and stems increased markedly at high dose Cd (50 M) treatment compared with controls, compared with low Cd concentrations (1 M). However, both PC5 and PC6 were not detected throughout the stress experiment.

title: A novel method for the simultaneous analysis of seven biothiols in @entity579 ( XXXX .) using hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity15355 :: ('MESH:D054811', 'Chemical') :: ['phytochelatins']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium formate']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Oryza sativa L']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2520 is one of the most common @entity102 , it is not clear whether @entity2520 is associated with increased health care costs. The authors examined the effect of @entity2520 on medical and dental costs and use for 3.5 years prospectively. METHODS: The data were derived from health and dental examinations and health insurance claims of 4,285 Japanese civil officers aged 40 to 59 years. The subjects were divided into three categories: no pathological pocket, moderate @entity2521 , and severe @entity2521 . Age, gender, smoking, body mass index, and @entity101 were adjusted in a multivariate analysis after excluding subjects with any history of @entity409 , @entity299 , or @entity6 . RESULTS: The cumulative cost for subjects with severe @entity2521 was approximately 21% higher than for subjects with no pathological pocket, and the hospital admission rates of subjects with severe @entity2521 were highest (male: odds ratio [OR]=.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00 to 1.80; female: OR=1.29; 95% CI: 0.75 to 2.20). In males, the annual hospital costs of subjects with severe @entity2521 were 75% higher than for subjects with no pathological pocket. There was no clear trend identified for outpatient care. The annual dental visit rates and costs for subjects with severe @entity2521 were highest in both genders. Periodontal disease might increase the medical care costs for @entity6 , @entity409 . CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease may have played an important role in the cumulative health care cost increases in middle-aged adults over a period of only a few years.

title: The effect of XXXX on medical and dental costs in a middle-aged Japanese population: a longitudinal worksite study.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['digestive disease, and liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: The relationship of basal lamina, a form of specialised extracellular matrix which separates epithelial cells and other cell types from adjacent stroma, to the behaviour of @entity5 of epithelial origin is not well understood. However, it is widely acknowledged that the properties of local invasion and @entity3 of @entity189 are linked to extracellular matrix (including basal lamina) changes. In the present study, the distribution of the major basal lamina components, type IV collagen and laminin, in normal @entity35 tongue mucosa and experimentally induced @entity1697 was investigated using post-embedding immunogold techniques and electron microscopy. The expression of these components was also quantitatively analysed using morphometry and immunocytochemistry. Results indicated that type IV collagen and laminin were confined to the lamina densa of normal oral epithelial basal lamina, and that both components were also detected in the lamina densa of basal lamina associated with @entity189 , and in the extracellular matrix of @entity5 . Furthermore, laminin was detected within stromal fibroblasts in normal tissues and experimental @entity189 . Quantitative analysis indicated that expression of laminin was significantly increased in @entity189 . In contrast, type IV collagen expression was significantly decreased. The quantitative changes observed in the two basal lamina constituents may be related to the process of @entity5 invasion, reflecting altered metabolic activities of @entity5 and stromal cells. These observations may be of use in understanding the architectural characteristics of oral mucosa basal lamina and in assessing the malignant potential of @entity5115 or " @entity75 .

title: Distribution of basal lamina type IV collagen and laminin in normal XXXX tongue mucosa and experimental @entity1697 : ultrastructural immunolocalization and immunogold quantitation.

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant" lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of intensive sleep retraining in comparison and combination with traditional behavioral intervention for chronic @entity22 . @entity1 : Seventy-nine volunteers with @entity22 (with or without sleep maintenance difficulties) were randomly assigned either to intensive sleep retraining (ISR), @entity23 ( @entity23 ), ISR plus @entity23 , or the control (sleep hygiene) treatment condition. INTERVENTION: ISR treatment consisted of 50 sleep onset trials over a 25-h sleep deprivation period. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Treatment response was assessed with sleep diary, activity monitoring, and questionnaire measures. The active treatment groups (ISR, @entity23 , ISR+ @entity23 ) all resulted in significant improvements in sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency, with moderate to large effect sizes from pre- to post-treatment. Wake time after sleep onset decreased significantly in the @entity23 and ISR+ @entity23 groups. Total sleep time increased significantly in the ISR and ISR+ @entity23 treatment groups. @entity1 receiving ISR (ISR, ISR+ @entity23 ) experienced rapidly improved SOL and @entity24 during treatment, suggesting an advantage of rapid improvements in sleep in response to ISR. Although there were few statistically significant differences between groups on individual variables, ISR+ @entity23 resulted in consistently larger effect sizes of change than other treatments, including questionnaire measures of @entity25 , sleep self-efficacy, and daytime functioning. The combination treatment group (ISR+ @entity23 ) showed trends to outperform other active treatment groups with fewer treatment dropouts, and a greater proportion of treatment responders with 61% reaching " @entity25 " status. Treatment gains achieved at post-treatment in the active treatment groups were largely maintained throughout follow-up periods to 6 months. CONCLUSION: This 25-hour intensive conditioning treatment for @entity22 can produce rapid improvements in sleep, daytime functioning, and psychological variables. Adding ISR to traditional interventions seems to result in a superior treatment response.

title: A randomized controlled trial of intensive sleep retraining (ISR): a brief conditioning treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'stimulus control therapy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['good sleeper', 'sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['primary insomnia', 'chronic insomnia', 'chronic sleep-onset insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['chronic insomnia']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with @entity4056 complicating @entity30 are reported. In the 4 @entity1 with @entity4056 , @entity189 were poorly differentiated or signet-ring cell type in 3 cases and mucinous type in 1 case. All 4 @entity1 had high-grade @entity1141 in the mucosa immediately adjacent to the @entity189 only. In the 7 @entity1 with @entity694 , @entity5 were mucinous type in 3, signet-ring cell type in 1, and well or moderately differentiated in 3. @entity1141 could be assessed in 6 @entity1 . In 4 @entity1 it was both adjacent to and distant from the @entity189 . This distant @entity1141 was focal in 2 cases. One @entity1 showed @entity1141 adjacent to the @entity189 only and in 1 other @entity1 no @entity1141 was seen. In a comparison group, all 7 cases of @entity189 associated with @entity31 showed @entity1141 adjacent to and distant from the invasive @entity189 . The authors conclude that (a) associated @entity1141 is prevalent enough in @entity30 to support @entity189 sequence and (b) @entity1141 is more limited with @entity189 in @entity30 than @entity31 , and this may make @entity1141 less useful as a @entity5 surveillance marker in @entity30 .

title: XXXX and @entity4056 . A report of 11 cases with emphasis on associated epithelial dysplasia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['a dysplasia-carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal carcinoma', 'small intestinal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease-associated carcinomas", "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: Stem cells have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in several @entity63 animal models, including hindlimb @entity63 and chronic wound. We examined the wound-healing effect of secretory factors released by @entity1 embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived endothelial precursor cells (EPC) in cutaneous excisional wound models. METHODS: hESC-EPC were sorted by @entity5439 / @entity319 , and endothelial characteristics were confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Matrigel assay and ac-LDL uptake. @entity558 ( @entity558 ) of hESC-EPC was prepared, and concentrated hESC-EPC @entity558 was applied in a @entity19 excisional wound model. RESULTS: hESC-EPC @entity558 accelerated wound healing and increased the tensile strength of wounds after topical treatment and subcutaneous injection. In addition, hESC-EPC @entity558 treatment caused more rapid re-formation of granulation tissue and re-epithelialization of wounds compared with control vehicle medium and CB-EPC @entity558 -treated wounds. In vitro, hESC-EPC @entity558 significantly improved the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. hESC-EPC @entity558 also increased the extracellular matrix synthesis of fibroblasts. Analysis of hESC-EPC @entity558 with a multiplex cytokine array system indicated that hESC-EPC secreted distinctively different cytokines and chemokines, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor ( @entity540 ), @entity17184 , @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity650 , @entity687 , platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ), which are well known to be important in normal angiogenesis and wound healing. CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated the wound-healing effect of hESC-EPC @entity558 and characterized the spectrum of cytokines released by hESC-EPC that are functionally involved in the wound-healing process. These results suggest that secretory factors released from stem cells could be an important mediator of stem cell therapy in @entity63 tissue diseases.

title: Enhancement of wound healing by secretory factors of endothelial precursor cells derived from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This article aims to analyse the use of @entity2180 in the treatment of @entity2182 in order to show its efficacy and safety within the framework of the scientific evidence. METHODS: The available scientific literature was reviewed, including most of the relevant clinical trials performed with @entity2180 . RESULTS: All the studies analysed show significant improvements in @entity1 treated with @entity2180 versus placebo and @entity2181 . Efficacy parameters were assessed in objective and subjective terms, with particular emphasis placed on quality of life. Urgency improves in 60% of @entity1 (40 % report no urgency), 58% of @entity1 get continence and 69% perceive an improvement in bladder capacity. On completion of treatment, 80% are satisfied with the results and 79% are willing to continue with the treatment in the long term. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2180 is effective in the treatment of @entity2182 . The possibility of finding the most effective and tolerable dose with the best response in terms of quality of life constitutes an important difference with regard to other antimuscarinics. The increase to 10 mg gets additional improvements in terms of efficacy, without a significant increase in adverse effects. The side effects perceived were mild or moderate in most cases, and did not lead to more withdrawals compared to placebo. Most @entity1 were satisfied with the treatment and are willing to stay on it in the long term.

title: XXXX : scientific evidence in the treatment of @entity2182 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity2180 :: ('MESH:C441209', 'Chemical') :: ['solifenacin', 'Solifenacin']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder']

answer: @entity2180 :: (MESH:C441209,Chemical) :: ['Solifenacin']


abstract: @entity204 ( @entity204 ) is a central regulatory process in both plant development and in plant responses to pathogens. @entity204 requires a coordinate activation of pro-apoptotic factors such as proteases and suppressors inhibiting and modulating these processes. In plants, various caspase-like @entity462 proteases as well as @entity563 proteases have been implicated in @entity204 . Here, we show that a @entity563 protease ( @entity19114 ) of @entity958 acts as a functional KTI when produced in bacteria and in planta. Expression of @entity19114 is induced late in response to @entity364 and to @entity3785 . RNAi silencing of the @entity19114 gene results in enhanced lesion development after infiltration of leaf tissue with the @entity204 -eliciting fungal toxin @entity18639 ( @entity18640 ) or the avirulent bacterial pathogen @entity14348 carrying avrB (Pst avrB). Overexpression of @entity19114 results in reduced lesion development after Pst avrB and @entity18640 infiltration. Interestingly, RNAi silencing of @entity19114 leads to enhanced resistance to the virulent pathogen @entity17367 . carotovora SCC1, while overexpression of @entity19114 leads to higher susceptibility towards this pathogen. Together, these data indicate that @entity19114 is involved in modulating @entity204 in plant-pathogen interactions.

title: Kunitz trypsin inhibitor: an antagonist of cell death triggered by phytopathogens and fumonisin b1 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity17367 :: ('554', 'Species') :: ['Erwinia carotovora subsp']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity18639 :: ('MESH:C056933', 'Chemical') :: ['fumonisin B1']

entities_list: @entity19114 :: ('843660(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['AtKTI1', 'Kunitz trypsin) inhibitor (KTI1']

entities_list: @entity14348 :: ('223283', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial and fungal elicitors']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Programmed cell death']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glucocorticoids suppress bone formation, impair growth, and induce @entity28 . We determined the effects of long-term treatment with glucocorticoids on bone mineral content in @entity1 with glucocorticoid-sensitive @entity1985 , @entity74 with minimal known independent effects on bone. METHODS: We performed dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the whole body and spine in 60 @entity1 and adolescents with the @entity1985 and 195 control subjects. We used linear regression analysis of log-transformed values to compare the bone mineral content in @entity1 with that in controls. RESULTS: @entity1 had received an average of 23,000 mg of glucocorticoids and were shorter (P=0.008) and had a greater body-mass index (P<0.001) than controls. The bone mineral content of the spine, adjusted for bone area, age, sex, degree of maturation (Tanner stage), and race, did not differ significantly between @entity1 and controls (ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.96 to 1.02; P=0.51). After adjustment for the z score for body-mass index, the bone mineral content of the spine was significantly lower in @entity1 than in controls (0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.92 to 0.99; P=0.01). Whole-body bone mineral content, adjusted for height, age, sex, degree of maturation, and race, was significantly higher in @entity1 than in controls (ratio, 1.11; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.18; P<0.001); however, the addition of the z score for body-mass index to the model eliminated the association with the @entity1985 (ratio, 0.99; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.94 to 1.03; P=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent treatment with high-dose glucocorticoids during growth does not appear to be associated with deficits in the bone mineral content of the spine or whole body relative to age, bone size, sex, and degree of maturation. Glucocorticoid-induced increases in body-mass index were associated with increased whole-body bone mineral content and maintenance of the bone mineral content of the spine.

title: Long-term, high-dose glucocorticoids and bone mineral content in childhood glucocorticoid-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['a disorder']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: Oxidative stress is proved to be harmful to the vascular endothelial cells which are important in preventing the formation and progression of @entity1856 . This study was designed to investigate the protective effect and potential mechanisms of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) against @entity274 -induced apoptosis of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV-304). ECV-304 cells were pretreated with different concentrations of @entity587 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 microM) for 2h, followed by exposure to 100 microM @entity274 for 18h. @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. To detect apoptosis, the cells were assessed by morphologic examination and @entity4404 - @entity2667 double staining with flow cytometry. Finally, the expression of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK was assayed by Western blot to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. We found that @entity274 treatment for 18h significantly decrease the viability of ECV-304 cells characterized by a high percentage of apoptotic cells. @entity587 could antagonize the apoptosis inducing effect of @entity274 in a dose-dependent manner. Consistently, @entity587 also significantly inhibit the expression of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK induced by @entity274 . In summary, pretreatment with @entity587 can inhibit apoptosis of ECV-304 cells induced by @entity274 . The protective effect of @entity587 was associated with the inhibition of @entity522 , @entity8187 and phospho @entity1435 MAPK expression.

title: @entity586 protects XXXX vascular endothelial cells from @entity274 -induced apoptosis through inhibition of @entity522 , @entity8187 and @entity1435 MAPK.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaque']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess short-term effects of botulinum toxin A in ambulant adults with @entity306 . DESIGN: A single-centre double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. SUBJECTS: @entity1 were recruited through advertisements. Inclusion criteria were: @entity306 , age 18-65 years, decreased walking, walking without aids for minimum 20 m, and no @entity73 . METHODS: A total of 66 @entity1 , mean age 37 (standard deviation 11.4) years, were enrolled and received injections of either botulinum toxin A (n=33) or placebo (n=33). Primary outcomes were: sagittal kinematics of ankle, knee and hip, and health-related quality of life (Short Form 36). Secondary outcomes were: visual analogue scale for muscle-stiffness/ @entity508 , Timed Up and Go, 6-minute walk test, and Global Scale of perceived effect. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the groups in the primary outcomes. In the secondary outcomes the botulinum toxin A group rated improvement in visual analogue scale muscle-stiffness/ @entity508 and the Global Scale of perceived effect. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin A injections alone gave no benefit over placebo in lower limb sagittal kinematics and Short Form 36 in ambulatory adults with @entity306 . However, self-reported rating of muscle-stiffness/ @entity508 and global effects indicated positive effects of botulinum toxin A. Further studies with specific post-injection rehabilitation and longer study period are warranted.

title: Effects of botulinum toxin A in ambulant adults with XXXX : a randomized double-blind placebo controlled-trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['spastic cerebral palsy', 'cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['spastic cerebral palsy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9847 is a glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the @entity16861 gene encoding @entity16861 . It manifests classically with childhood-onset exercise-induced @entity158 . METHODS: We report the characteristics of 2 unrelated @entity1 with a new homozygous mutation of the @entity16861 gene. RESULTS: Two @entity1 , aged 76 and 79 years, presented with severe upper and lower limb @entity194 and @entity425 . Additionally, 1 @entity1 presented with bilateral @entity1736 , and the other with @entity3518 . In both @entity1 , symptoms had developed progressively in the 2 preceding years, and there was no history of exercise intolerance. Both @entity1 demonstrated @entity854 on EMG, multiple glycogen-containing vacuoles and undetectable muscle @entity16861 activity on muscle biopsy, and a novel homozygous frameshift @entity16862 *48 @entity16861 mutation. DISCUSSION: This report expands the phenotype and genotype of @entity9847 , and suggests that @entity16861 mutations should be looked for in @entity1 with very late-onset @entity121 with no previous history of exercise intolerance. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A novel variant in the XXXX gene causing late-onset limb-girdle @entity121 , @entity1736 , and @entity3518 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16862 :: ('p|SUB|K,P|42|RO', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Lys42Profs']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity3518 :: ('MESH:C537968', 'Disease') :: ['camptocormia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['myogenic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9847 :: ('MESH:D006012', 'Disease') :: ['McArdle disease']

entities_list: @entity16861 :: ('5837', 'Gene') :: ['PYGM', 'myophosphorylase']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity16861 :: (5837,Gene) :: ['PYGM']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 in @entity309 is multifaceted and complex. Measuring instruments are inadequate. @entity309 Scale (RAPS) ( @entity625 Care Res 45:317-323, 2001) was designed to measure @entity158 comprehensively but has been sparsely reported. We decided to validate a suitable version for our community. Post translation (contextual), RAPS was administered (face to face interview) to 172 consenting @entity1 of moderately severe @entity309 (mean @entity158 visual analogue scale (VAS) 5.4  cm) in a cross-sectional study using standard rheumatology case record form. RAPS contained 24 questions (numeric score, anchored at 0 (never) and 6 (always); range 0-144). Fifty-seven cohort @entity1 on supervised rheumatology care were followed for 16  weeks. SPSS (v16) was used for statistical analysis, significant p   <   0.05. RAPS showed good face and content validity (consensus). Construct/criterion validity was demonstrated for subclass domains and total RAPS (Cronbach's alpha 0.91, test-retest interclass correlation (Pearson) 0.71). Fair to modest correlation (p   <   0.05) was seen with swollen joint count (0.16), Indian health assessment questionnaire (0.23), medical outcome short form (SF), 36 physical score (-0.35), SF 36 mental score (-0.21) and @entity1851 (0.25), not with @entity158 VAS. Similar results were shown for subclass domains (physiologic, affective, sensory, cognitive), except low alpha for affective. Age, disease duration and SF 36 were significant predictors (linear regression). In factor analysis, RAPS loaded with SF 36. The standardized response mean (0.6) was equal to @entity158 VAS and DAS 28. RAPS was found to be a valid and clinically relevant instrument for measuring @entity158 in Indian @entity1 suffering from @entity309 . It merits more widespread clinical use.

title: Validation and relevance of XXXX Scale (RAPS) in Indian (Asian) @entity1 suffering from @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of pretreatment and posttreatment expression in buccal mucosa cells of signal transduction proteins activated by @entity470 , including phosphorylated @entity470 (p- @entity470 ), phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK), and phosphorylated @entity584 (p- @entity584 ), in predicting @entity4562 activity in advanced @entity1149 @entity1 . Expression of the same proteins was also assessed on corresponding tissue samples for comparison. Moreover, @entity470 gene mutations and copy number were analyzed. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Protein expression was evaluated by standard immunocytochemistry in buccal smears, obtained by scraping immediately before and after 2 weeks of @entity4562 treatment, and in the available archival @entity5 specimens. @entity470 gene mutations were evaluated by direct sequencing and gene copy number was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Data were correlated with @entity4562 @entity137 and objective response. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with pretreated advanced @entity1149 were enrolled and nine of these @entity1 (15%) showed an objective response to @entity4562 (including two complete responses). @entity137 (P = 0.025) and baseline p- @entity584 expression in buccal mucosa cells (P = 0.061) showed a potential predictive role. On the contrary, the probability of achieving an objective response was not affected by pretreatment expression of @entity470 , p- @entity470 , and p-MAPK, either in buccal mucosa or in @entity5 tissue. Responders showed a nonstatistically significant trend toward a more pronounced reduction in the expression of p- @entity470 , p-MAPK, and p- @entity584 after @entity4562 treatment. Among responders, five of six (83%) @entity5 showed @entity470 gene mutation, whereas none of the @entity5 from @entity1 with stable or progressive disease did (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial cells obtained from buccal mucosa may be used to assess the pharmacodynamic effect of @entity470 -targeted agents, and pretreatment p- @entity584 expression may be a possible predictive biomarker of in vivo @entity4562 activity.

title: Buccal mucosa cells as in vivo model to evaluate XXXX activity in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: After five years of treating @entity6 by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), we analyzed the factors involved in prognosis. Forty-one @entity1 were included in the study, with a cumulative experience of 784 months. Good control of blood @entity413 was obtained with intraperitoneal (i.p.) insulin and the blood pressure was controlled in 87% of @entity1 without medication, which probably favored the stabilization of visual acuity in 60% of 15 @entity1 evaluated after two years. The follow-up of @entity1 was longer in those who began CAPD with a higher residual @entity1011 clearance. In spite of large number of @entity1 who were blind or had @entity227 , 83% of all @entity1 were self-sufficient and well-trained for CAPD, and 39% were able to work full time. The incidence of @entity298 declined to 1 episode per 17.5 @entity1 months associated with the introduction of new preventive measures. @entity1 over 50 years old had the highest mortality rate and @entity583 was the main cause of @entity204 . @entity1 survival at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 42 months was 100, 90, 80, 62, and 62%, respectively. Age and cardiac problems are important factors in survival. Self-sufficiency, rehabilitation, and low incidence of @entity298 are also important factors in the life quality of @entity6 @entity1 on CAPD.

title: Analysis of factors in the prognosis of XXXX on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD): long-term experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['very poor vision']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired @entity2150 is an immune-mediated disease characterised by severe defects in stem cell number resulting in @entity236 . Minor @entity7965 populations and a short telomere length were identified as predictive biomarkers of immunosuppressive therapy responsiveness in @entity2150 . We enrolled 113 @entity2150 @entity1 (63 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 ) in this study to evaluate their response to immunosuppressive therapy. The @entity7965 populations and telomere length were detected by flow cytometry. Forty-seven @entity1 (42%) carried a minor @entity7965 population. The median telomere length of @entity2150 @entity1 was -0.99 SD (range, -4.01-+3.01 SD). Overall, 60 @entity1 (53%) responded to immunosuppressive therapy after 6 months. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the absence of a @entity7965 population and a shorter telomere length as independent unfavourable predictors of immunosuppressive therapy response at 6 months. The cohort was stratified into a group of poor prognosis ( @entity7965 negative and shorter telomere length; 37 @entity1 ) and good prognosis ( @entity7965 positive and/or longer telomere length; 76 @entity1 ), respectively. The response rates of the poor prognosis and good prognosis groups at 6 months were 19% and 70%, respectively (p < 0.001). The combined absence of a minor @entity7965 population and a short telomere length is an efficient predictor of poor immunosuppressive therapy response, which should be considered while deciding treatment options: immunosuppressive therapy or first-line hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The trial was registered in www.umin.ac.jp with number UMIN000017972.

title: XXXX and telomere length predicts response to immunosuppressive therapy in pediatric @entity2150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypocellular marrow and peripheral blood cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aboriginal Australians are a culturally, linguistically and experientially diverse population, for whom national statistics may mask important geographic differences in their health and the determinants of their health. We sought to identify the determinants of health of Aboriginal adults who lived in the state of Victoria, compared with their non-Aboriginal counterparts. METHODS: We obtained data from the 2008 Victorian Population Health Survey: a cross-sectional computer-assisted telephone interview survey of 34,168 randomly selected adults. The data included measures of the social determinants of health (socioeconomic status (SES), psychosocial risk factors, and social capital), lifestyle risk factors, health care service use, and health outcomes. We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) using a generalised linear model with a log link function and binomial distribution; adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS: Aboriginal Victorians had a higher prevalence of self-rated fair or poor health, @entity5 , @entity308 and @entity148 , and @entity565 ; most notably @entity308 and @entity148 (PR   =   1.7, 95% CI; 1.4-2.2). Determinants that were statistically significantly different between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Victorians included: a higher prevalence of psychosocial risk factors ( @entity458 , food insecurity and financial stress); lower SES (not being employed and @entity258 ); lower social capital (neighbourhood tenure of less than one year, inability to get help from family, didn't feel valued by society, didn't agree most @entity1 could be trusted, not a member of a community group); and a higher prevalence of lifestyle risk factors (smoking, @entity28 and inadequate fruit intake). A higher proportion of Aboriginal Victorians sought help for a mental health related problem and had had a blood pressure check in the previous two years. CONCLUSIONS: We identified inequalities in health between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Victorians, most notably in the prevalence of @entity308 and @entity148 , and the social determinants of health (psychosocial risk factors, SES, and social capital). This has implications for evidence-based policy development and may inform the development of public health interventions.

title: Inequalities in the social determinants of health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander XXXX : a cross-sectional population-based study in the Australian state of Victoria.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low income']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: Multiple linear regression equations predicting @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and total skeletal fat-free muscle (TFFM) weight were developed from data of 33 beef @entity291 . Animals varied in weight (385 to 749 kg), age (3 to 10 yr), and @entity1386 (.13 to 2.54 cm). A four-terminal impedance meter/plethysmograph measured resistance and reactance on the live animals, exsanguinated (bled) animals, and on the subsequent hot and cold carcasses. Stainless steel, sterile needles (20-gauge) were used as electrodes. They were inserted to depths of 12.7 mm for measurements made before and after exsanguination and to 25.4 mm for carcass measurements. Cold carcass resistance and reactance were measured a second time using 13-gauge needles inserted to depth of 76.2 mm. Distance between detector electrodes was measured. Carcass sides were physically separated into muscle, fat, and bone. Chemical composition (moisture, protein, and fat) was determined on the muscle portion. Equations predicting @entity121 weight from live, bled, hot carcass, and cold carcass data had adjusted R2 values of .90, .96, .94, and .92, respectively. Analogous adjusted R2 values for TFFM weight were .87, .93, .90, and .87. Resistance was a predictor variable in all equations. The use of larger needles resulted in higher adjusted R2 values and inclusion of reactance as a predictor variable. Mallows Cp values were close to the ideal value of the number of independent variables in the prediction equations plus one (1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bioelectrical impedance can predict skeletal muscle and fat-free skeletal muscle of beef XXXX and their carcasses.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['total skeletal muscle', 'TM']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4303 is a rare @entity5 of theovary containing thyroid (struma) and @entity4303 component revealed by immunohistochemistry. Case present: A 55-years-old @entity1 with hysterectomy andright oophorectomy for uterine @entity2909 and right ovariancyst, performed 12 years ago, was referred to the First SurgicalClinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital Iasi with @entity158 inhypogastrium present for 2 months. Laboratory tests are normaland serum testing for @entity5 markers is unchanged. Ultrasoundand CT finds for topography of the left ovary a well-defined 63 57 71 mm cystic mass, with a non-uniform wall thickness. Exploration laparoscopy, after adhesiolysis, identifies a cystictumor developed in mesosigmoid which was excised and auterine tube with @entity384 and left ovary with intactcapsule, for which we performed left adnexectomy andextracted pieces of @entity5 in endobag. Evolution is simple, the @entity1 being discharged after 3 days postoperatively. Histopathological exam and immunohistochemistry reveal @entity4303 and @entity3609 . After oneyear follow up the @entity1 is disease free. CONCLUSION: This association between an @entity43 with mesosigmoidian @entity3609 isunusual and rare, not cited in the literature. A laparoscopic approach for the two conditions is safe with good immediate and distant postoperative course.

title: Rare @entity5 , Rare Association: Ovarian Strumal Carcinoid - Retroperitoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lymphangioma']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian strumal carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['edovarian strumal carcinoid', 'Strumal carcinoid', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity3609 :: (MESH:D018191,Disease) :: ['Cystic Lymphangioma']