abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) generates a hypercoagulable state with an increased @entity556 generation and raised levels of @entity556 -antithrombin complexes, which results in a high risk of @entity64 and @entity1031 . AIM: To evaluate the anticoagulant effect of @entity3925 by anti-Xa factor activity and its correlation with @entity556 -antithrombin complexes, @entity556 generation and prothrombin time in @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity955 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study in @entity1 with indication of anticoagulation. Demographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were recorded. Blood samples were taken at baseline, at 3 and 24 hours after the administration of the drug and at 30 days. @entity3925 levels, anti-Xa activity, prothrombin time, @entity556 generation and plasma levels of @entity556 -antithrombin complexes were determined. RESULTS: We studied 20 @entity1 aged 76.3    8.0 years (60% female) with a CHA2DS2-VASc score > 2 points. The anti-Xa factor activity correlated with @entity3925 plasma levels at 3 hours (r = 0.61, p < 0.01), at 24 hours (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and at 30 days (r = 0.99, p < 0.01), with prothrombin time at 3 hours (r = -0.86, p = 0.019) and at 30 days (r = -0.63, p = 0.02) and with a sustained decrease in @entity556 generation at 30 days of follow-up (r = -0.74, p < 0.01). There was no correlation with @entity556 -antithrombin complexes (r = -0.02, p = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3925 consistently inhibited the mild pro-coagulant state found in newly diagnosed @entity955 @entity1 through the first 24 hours and this effect was maintained at 30 days. Plasma levels of the drug correlated with anti-Xa factor activity, @entity556 generation and prothrombin time.

title: [Evaluation of oral anticoagulation with XXXX , in @entity1 with new onset non @entity955 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: The integrin VLA-4 has been shown to play a key role in the entry of antigen-specific T cells into the CNS during @entity3026 . Treatment of animals with @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ), a model of @entity15 , with antibodies to VLA-4 is known to suppress @entity697 . In the present study, a synthetic antagonist of VLA-4 ( @entity62592 ) was injected subcutaneously into @entity19 adoptively sensitized for chronic relapsing @entity6503 . @entity62592 was administered daily for 14 days at early (before acute signs) and late time points (during @entity102 ). Early treatment led to marked delay in disease onset and reduction in clinical severity and @entity17 . After termination of treatment, clinical severity remained lower than in controls for more than 1 week. @entity62592 -treated animals showing no clinical signs (at the height of disease in controls) displayed moderate @entity32 but little damage to myelin. Late administration of @entity62592 to animals with chronic @entity6503 had no effect clinically. Immunocytochemistry and Western blotting of CNS tissue from acutely treated animals supported a moderate shift toward a Th2-type cytokine profile after treatment. Thus, @entity62592 effectively delayed and reduced the acute (but not chronic) phase of @entity6503 , and this amelioration correlated with changes in the inflammatory molecule profile.

title: Differential efficacy of a synthetic antagonist of VLA-4 during the course of chronic relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['levels of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity3026 :: ('MESH:D020278', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune demyelination']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity6503 :: (MESH:D004681,Disease) :: ['experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: It has been suggested that type 2 @entity6 may affect @entity0 prognosis, possibly due to increased @entity6 -related comorbidity, or direct effects of insulin resistance and/or @entity3190 . The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of @entity0 . METHODS: Using population-based health databases from Ontario, Canada, this retrospective cohort study compared deaths between @entity1 with @entity0 aged 55-79 years with @entity6 and without @entity6 . @entity1 were followed for all cause mortality from @entity0 diagnosis until March 31st 2006. RESULTS: Of the 6,107 @entity1 with @entity0 , 1,011 had @entity6 and 5,096 did not have @entity6 . @entity1 with @entity6 were slightly older, were more likely to reside in a @entity7881 , and had greater comorbidity compared to @entity1 without @entity6 . After a mean follow-up of 5.0 years and adjustment for age, prior mammograms and other covariates, mortality following @entity0 was significantly higher among @entity1 with versus without @entity6 (hazard ratio, HR 1.39, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.22-1.59, P < 0.0001). The effect of @entity6 on mortality was comparable to that seen in @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity0 over a 7-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: This study found that @entity6 was associated with a close to 40% increase in mortality within the first 5 years following @entity0 , which was similar to that seen in @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity0 . These findings suggest that early survival following @entity0 is reduced in @entity1 with @entity6 , possibly due to @entity6 -related causes.

title: The impact of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes on survival following breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['lower income neighborhood']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['diabetes on survival following breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: Hemifacial @entity2473 (HFS) is thought to be due to a hyperactive facial motor nucleus consequent to chronic neurovascular contact. The @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) response is presumed to reflect changes in facial motor neuron excitability. @entity121 motor evoked potentials (MEPs) use the same efferent pathway as @entity5251 , therefore the authors speculated that these potentials should reflect differences consistent with changes at the facial motor nucleus level. METHODS: Monitoring of @entity5251 and bilateral facial MEP was performed in 10 consecutive @entity1 undergoing MVD for HFS. Ipsilateral facial MEPs were monitored in 17 @entity1 undergoing MVD for @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). Latency, amplitude, and duration of the MEPs were compared before and after MVD. Following MVD the duration of ipsilateral MEPs decreased from 17.6 +/- 1.2 to 7.6 +/- 0.7 msec and their amplitude decreased from 269.9 +/- 66.3 to 76.5 +/- 26.2 microV (p < or = 0.01). These changes were consequent to the abolition of @entity5251 in eight of 10 @entity1 and an approximately 50% reduction in two @entity1 . The relationship between the reduction in MEPs and changes in @entity5251 was significant (p < 0.01). Control facial muscle MEPs (nonspastic side in @entity1 with HFS and in those with @entity4254 ) did not change significantly during the MVD procedure. Spasms were alleviated in nine of 10 @entity1 , and there was no indication of @entity16 intraoperatively or postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity121 represent a novel tool for studying the neurophysiological mechanisms of HFS in particular and monitoring the facial nerve in general. Data in this study support the hypothesis that the development of HFS and its alleviation with MVD are related to changes in facial motor nucleus activity.

title: Monitoring of facial muscle motor evoked potentials during microvascular decompression for hemifacial XXXX : evidence of changes in motor neuron excitability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity5251 :: ('MESH:D010509', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'lateral spread']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Facial muscle', 'Facial muscle MEPs']

answer: @entity2473 :: (MESH:D013035,Disease) :: ['spasm']


abstract: @entity13563 ( @entity13563 ) are agents being developed for @entity5 treatment. They are composed of an Fv that binds to a @entity5 cell, fused to a 38-kDa fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. SS1P is a @entity13563 that targets mesothelin, a protein expressed on mesothelioma as well as @entity43 . Because the protein @entity669 kinase family regulates a variety of cellular processes and pathways, we hypothesized that @entity669 kinases might regulate susceptibility to immunotoxin killing. To investigate their role, we used siRNAs to lower the level of expression of the 88 known @entity669 kinases. We identified five @entity669 kinases, @entity8277 , @entity2060 , @entity7242 , @entity3820 , and @entity38054 that enhance the activity of SS1P when their level of expression is lowered by siRNAs. We further investigated the @entity7242 family member @entity2060 in this study. Knocking down of @entity7242 slightly increased SS1P killing in A431/H9 cells, but knocking down @entity2060 substantially enhanced killing by SS1P. We investigated the mechanism of enhancement and found that @entity2060 knockdown enhanced SS1P cleavage by furin and lowered levels of @entity2423 and raised @entity589 . We then found that @entity7242 inhibitors mimic the stimulatory effect of @entity2060 knockdown; both @entity34749 and @entity31438 ( @entity31438 ) enhanced immunotoxin killing of mesothelin-expressing cells by SS1P and @entity10317 -expressing cells by @entity43900 (moxetumomab pasudotox). @entity34749 also enhanced the antitumor effects of SS1P and @entity43900 in @entity19 @entity5 models. Our data suggest that the combination of @entity53032 with @entity669 kinase inhibitors may be an effective way to treat some @entity5 .

title: Antitumor effects of immunotoxins are enhanced by lowering @entity2060 or treatment with XXXX kinase inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic, ovarian, lung, and other cancers']

entities_list: @entity13563 :: ('MESH:C535296', 'Disease') :: ['RIT', 'Recombinant immunotoxins']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['xenograft tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity53032 :: ('MESH:D000922', 'Chemical') :: ['immunotoxin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity7242 :: (6714,Gene) :: ['SRC']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy modifies the @entity5 microenvironment and causes the release of @entity5 antigens, which can enhance the effect of immunotherapy. L19 targets the @entity8946 ( @entity8946 ) of fibronectin, a marker for @entity5 neoangiogenesis, and can be used as immunocytokine when coupled to @entity1199 . We hypothesize that radiotherapy in combination with L19- @entity1199 provides an enhanced antitumor effect, which is dependent on @entity8946 expression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity19 were injected with syngeneic C51 @entity694 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or 4T1 mammary @entity189 cells. @entity5 growth delay, underlying immunologic parameters, and treatment @entity137 were evaluated after single-dose @entity5 irradiation and systemic administration of L19- @entity1199 or equimolar controls. RESULTS: @entity8946 expression was high, intermediate, and low for C51, @entity2 , and 4T1, respectively. The combination therapy showed (i) a long-lasting synergistic effect for the C51 model with 75% of @entity5 being cured, (ii) an additive effect for the @entity2 model, and (iii) no effect for the 4T1 model. The combination treatment resulted in a significantly increased cytotoxic ( @entity405 (+)) T-cell population for both C51 and @entity2 . Depletion of @entity405 (+) T cells abolished the benefit of the combination therapy. Conclusion: These data provide the first evidence for an increased therapeutic potential by combining radiotherapy with L19- @entity1199 in @entity8946 -positive @entity5 . This new opportunity in @entity5 treatment will be investigated in a phase I clinical study for @entity1 with an oligometastatic solid @entity5 (NCT02086721). An animation summarizing our results is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHbwQuCTkRc. Clin Cancer Res; 1-10.   2014 AACR.

title: Radiotherapy Combined with the Immunocytokine L19- XXXX Provides Long-lasting Antitumor Effects.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lewis lung carcinoma', 'LLC']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['IL2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operating for bleeding @entity2275 remains controversial. Gastric resection bears a higher surgical risk while limited operation may result in more @entity86 . There has been little discussion of effective risk assessment of @entity1 . The aim of this study is to define surgical risk by using the APACHE II scoring system, and to determine optimal management. STUDY DESIGN: Records from October 1990 to December 1996 were retrospectively reviewed for @entity1 (n=101) with bleeding @entity2275 who had undergone emergency operation after failed endoscopic therapy. Mortality rates were examined according to different APACHE II scores, and the surgical risk was defined. From January 1997 to December 1997, 35 consecutive @entity1 were enrolled for prospective study. Partial gastric resection (PGR) was performed for @entity1 with huge @entity1066 (>2 cm) and for low-risk @entity1 with @entity1066 at the antrum or angularis, while limited operation (oversewing or excision of bleeding @entity1066 ) was reserved for others. The results were compared with the retrospective study. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, the mortality rates for the group with a score < 15 and > or = 15 were 5% (3 of 63) and 58% (22 of 38), respectively (p < 0.05). In the group with a score < 15, PGR was performed on 27 @entity1 , and one died. For those @entity1 with a score > or = 15, PGR carried a lower mortality than limited operation, although this was not statistically significant (47% vs 65%). Limited operation resulted in an overall rate of 22% @entity86 and 12% reoperation rate, in which all @entity1 with a score > or = 15 died. In the prospective study, the mortality rates in those scoring <15 and > or = 15 were 6% and 50%, respectively. This is not significantly different than the retrospective study. However, the rate of @entity86 was diminished (5%). CONCLUSIONS: APACHE II score is a useful tool for assessing risk in @entity1 with bleeding @entity2275 . The mortality is minimal in those with a score <15, and PGR can be performed with low risk. Although high-risk @entity1 have dreadful outcomes, limited operation cannot improve them if @entity86 occurs. Decision making in emergency operation for such @entity1 should be based on the @entity1066 conditions and the @entity1 's hemodynamic status.

title: APACHE II score: a useful tool for risk assessment and an aid to decision-making in emergency operation for bleeding XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laryngeal sensitivity is crucial for maintaining safe swallowing, thus avoiding silent aspiration. The sensitivity test, carried out by fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing, plays an important role in the assessment of dysphagic @entity1 . The ventricular folds appear to be more sensitive than the @entity2582 during the sensitivity test. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanical sensitivity of the supraglottic larynx. In seven healthy adults undergoing microlaryngoscopy to remove @entity1127 , we excised mucosal samples from the @entity2582 and ventricular folds. We measured afferent nerve fiber density by immunoelectron microscopy. All of the subjects underwent an endoscopic sensitivity test based on lightly touching the laryngeal surface of the @entity2582 and ventricular folds. The discomfort level was self-rated by the subjects on the visual analog scale. Samples were fixed and stored in cryoprotectant solution at 4    C. Sections were stained with the protein gene product 9.5, a pan-neuronal selective marker. Nerve fiber density was calculated as the number of fibers per millimeter length of section. The mean nerve fiber density was higher in ventricular samples than in @entity2582 samples (2.96      2.05 vs 0.83      0.51; two-sided p  =  0.018). The mean visual analog scale scores were significantly higher for touching the ventricular folds than for touching the @entity2582 (8.28      1.11 vs 4.14      1.21; two-sided p  =  0.017). The higher sensitivity of the ventricular region should be considered for further refining clinical endoscopic evaluation of laryngeal sensitivity.

title: Afferent Nerve Ending Density in the XXXX Laryngeal Mucosa: Potential Implications on Endoscopic Evaluation of Laryngeal Sensitivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord polyps']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The present study compared the adaptation of @entity5 @entity1 and chronic non- @entity5 @entity1 . Differences between samples of @entity5 @entity1 with and without @entity3 were also examined. @entity5 @entity1 reported comparable levels of @entity158 severity to @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 ; however, @entity158 due to @entity5 was associated with higher levels of perceived disability (t(250) = 2.97, P < 0.004) and lower degree of activity (t(286) = 2.45, P < 0.04). The @entity1 with @entity5 , particularly those with @entity3 , reported significantly higher levels of support and solicitous behaviors from significant others, compared to @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 . The majority of the @entity5 @entity1 , both with (81%) and without (84%) @entity3 as well as @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 (85%), could be classified into one of three psychosocial subgroups that had been previously identified with @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 : 'dysfunctional' (high levels of @entity158 , perceived interference, affective distress and low levels of perceived control and activity), 'interpersonally distressed' (high levels of affective distress, negative responses from significant others and low levels of perceived support) and 'adaptive copers' (low levels of interference and affective distress, high levels of perceived control and activity). The distribution of the profiles was significantly different across groups (chi2(4) = 12.79, P < 0.02). However, within each profile. the response patterns were highly comparable across groups. Thus, contrary to the suggestions of some authors, @entity5 chronic @entity158 @entity1 share many features in common. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of psychosocial adaptation to @entity158 within each @entity1 group suggests the importance of psychological assessment in determining the @entity158 management plan.

title: Adaptation to metastatic XXXX , regional/local @entity5 : role of psychological and behavioral factors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain and non-cancer', 'Cancer pain', 'cancer', 'non-cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: We report a case with recurrent @entity158 and unilateral cranial nerve paresis mimicking @entity17245 . However, these features were most likely caused by @entity2348 because of beneficial response to antibiotics therapy. A 32-year-old @entity1 developed severe right @entity158 and @entity892 . Neurological examination revealed @entity1269 and 1st division of the right trigeminal nerve dysfunction. MR imaging revealed thickness of right cavernous sinus region with marked @entity2287 enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was initially normal. Treatment with @entity134 showed marked improvement. However soon after tapering of @entity134 dosage, his symptoms recurred and deteriorated. He was referred to our hospital because of second opinion. Neurological examination still showed @entity1269 and 1st division of the right trigeminal nerve dysfunction with orbital and @entity158 . Re-examination of CSF showed pleocytosis with neutrocytes dominancy and elevated protein concentration. Intravenous treatment with @entity114 was initiated with marked improvement. There have been reported cases with @entity2348 resulting pseudo @entity17245 , which have good response to antibiotics treatment with excellent prognosis. It is speculated that @entity2348 might cause clinical features mimicking @entity17245 in our case.

title: [A case of pseudo XXXX with @entity2348 and literature review].

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right oculomotor paresis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['orbital pain', 'retro-orbital pain']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity17245 :: ('MESH:D020333', 'Disease') :: ['Tolosa-Hunt syndrome']

answer: @entity17245 :: (MESH:D020333,Disease) :: ['Tolosa-Hunt syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have two distinct phenotypes in the developing brain: amoeboid form, known to be amoeboid microglial cells (AMC) and ramified form, known to be @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). The AMC are characterized by being proliferative, phagocytic and migratory whereas the @entity1358 are quiescent and exhibit a slow turnover rate. The AMC transform into @entity1358 with advancing age, and this transformation is indicative of the gradual shift in the microglial functions. Both AMC and @entity1358 respond to CNS @entity32 , and they become @entity1184 when activated by @entity130 , @entity281 or neurodegenerative stimuli. The molecular mechanisms and functional significance of morphological transformation of microglia during normal development and in disease conditions is not clear. It is hypothesized that AMC and @entity1358 are functionally regulated by a specific set of genes encoding various signaling molecules and transcription factors. RESULTS: To address this, we carried out cDNA microarray analysis using lectin-labeled AMC and @entity1358 isolated from frozen tissue sections of the corpus callosum of 5-day and 4-week old @entity35 brain respectively, by laser capture microdissection. The global gene expression profiles of both microglial phenotypes were compared and the differentially expressed genes in AMC and @entity1358 were clustered based on their functional annotations. This genome wide comparative analysis identified genes that are specific to AMC and @entity1358 . CONCLUSIONS: The novel and specific molecules identified from the trancriptome explains the quiescent state functioning of microglia in its two distinct morphological states.

title: Transcriptome analysis of amoeboid and ramified microglia isolated from the corpus callosum of XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['ramified microglial cells', 'RMC']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Immunomodulatory drugs (IDs) (interferon beta (IFNgamma) and @entity1638 (GA)) reduce relapse rate and disease progression in @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) but extensive data are not available on the effectiveness and tolerability of these drugs in childhood or adolescence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity2391 in @entity15 @entity1 treated before 16 years of age. METHODS: A research group (Immunomodulatory Treatment of Early onset @entity15 (ITEMS)) was promoted in Italy to collect a large series of @entity1 affected by clinically definite and @entity3780 and treated with IDs before 16 years of age. Fifteen centres recognized subjects suitable for inclusion: 76 @entity1 (52 females) were collected with a mean age at onset of 12.4 (SD 2.5) years, a mean disease duration of 18.6 (SD 14.7) and a relapse rate of 3.1 (SD 2.9). RESULTS: Results were evaluated in 65 (45 females) subjects with a pretreatment and a treatment duration >3 months: 38 were treated with IFNbeta-1a once weekly (Avonex), 18 with IFNbeta three times weekly (16 with Rebif, 2 with Betaferon) and nine with GA ( @entity1638 ). The mean pretreatment period was respectively 20, 18 and 9.2 months. The treatment duration lasted respectively 23.3, 40.7 and 33.3 months. The mean annualized relapse rate decreased dramatically during the treatment: from 2.4 to 0.4 in the Avonex group, from 3.2 to 0.8 in the Rebif-Betaferon group and from 2.8 to 0.25 in the GA group. The mean final EDSS scores were respectively (in brackets the initial scores): 1.3 (1.4), 1.6 (1.8) and 0.6 (1.1). In the whole group, the final score was unchanged or reduced in all subjects except eight. Clinical side effects were recorded in 41/65 subjects (mainly in subjects treated with IFNbeta), abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 13/65 subjects: they were transient in most cases. IFNgamma was stopped in six cases: in four because of inefficacy and in two cases because of side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Sixty-five clinically definite @entity15 subjects were treated during childhood or adolescence with IDs. The treatment reduced the relapse rate and the progression of the disease in most cases. Side effects were common in subjects treated with IFNbeta but were well tolerated in most cases.

title: Disease-modifying drugs in childhood-juvenile XXXX : results of an Italian co-operative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['Copaxone', 'glatiramer acetate']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: The accumulation and @entity10673 causes catastrophic changes in the aquatic fauna of lakes. Recovery from these changes is always prolonged. However, little is known about the resilience and recovery of the @entity497 ( @entity497 ) after this type of disturbance. In this study, we examined the resistance and resilience of the @entity497 following a @entity10673 disturbance with in situ mesocosm experiments with varying levels of Microcystis biomass ranging from 75 to 13  012   g  L(-1) , as measured by the chlorophyll-a concentration, over 13  days. The @entity497 was assessed with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes, followed by cloning and sequencing of the selected samples. We observed a strong shift of the @entity497 from the control on the first day of the bloom disturbance. The most dramatic change in the @entity497 occurred in the mesocosm with the highest Microcystis biomass, in which the dissolved @entity26 varied strongly. However, we observed a rapid recovery of the @entity497 from day 7, when most of the investigated environmental factors had also recovered. On day 12, the @entity497 in the different mesocosms resembled the control at day 0 to a greater extent than during the accumulation and @entity10673 . Our study indicated that although the resistance of the @entity497 is low, the resilience is high, even following a catastrophic disturbance by a @entity10673 in a freshwater lake.

title: The high resilience of the bacterioplankton community in the face of a catastrophic disturbance by a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'bacterioplankton community composition']

entities_list: @entity10673 :: ('MESH:D001816', 'Disease') :: ['breakdown of cyanobacterial blooms often', 'breakdown of the Microcystis bloom', 'Microcystis bloom']

answer: @entity10673 :: (MESH:D001816,Disease) :: ['heavy Microcystis bloom']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Angiotensin II has been implicated in the development of various @entity65 , including @entity1283 and @entity712 . The fact that inhibiting its signalling reduced the incidences of both @entity1164 and @entity712 in several large-scale clinical trials suggests that angiotensin II is involved in increased cardiac arrhythmogenicity during the development of @entity712 . However, because angiotensin II also promotes structural remodelling, including cardiomyocyte @entity1184 and @entity299 , it has been difficult to assess its direct contribution to cardiac arrhythmogenicity independently of the structural effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We induced @entity1283 in wild-type (WT) and @entity19729 knockout (AT1aR-KO) @entity19 by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). The susceptibility to @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) assessed in an in vivo electrophysiological study was compared in the two genotypes. The effect of acute pharmacological blockade of @entity14207 on the incidences of @entity943 was also assessed. KEY RESULTS: As described previously, WT and AT1aR-KO @entity19 with TAC developed @entity1283 to the same degree, but the incidence of @entity1165 was much lower in the latter. Moreover, although TAC induced an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of @entity16899 , a critical component of gap junctional channels, and a reduction in ventricular levels of @entity16899 protein in both genotypes, the effect was significantly ameliorated in AT1aR-KO @entity19 . Acute pharmacological blockade of @entity14207 also reduced the incidence of @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our findings demonstrate that AT1aR-mediated signalling makes a direct contribution to the increase in arrhythmogenicity in @entity1184 hearts independently of structural remodelling.

title: @entity19729 signalling directly contributes to the increased arrhythmogenicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19729 :: ('11607(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1a receptor']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular ailments']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: A bacterial consortium (Mix3) composed of microorganisms originating from different environments (soils and wastewater) was obtained after enrichment in the presence of a mixture of 16 @entity9436 , @entity18683 , and diesel oil additives. After addition of the mixture, the development of the microbial composition of Mix3 was monitored at three different times (35, 113, and 222  days) using fingerprinting method and dominant bacterial species were identified. In parallel, 14 bacteria were isolated after 113  days and identified. Degradation capacities for Mix3 and the isolated bacterial strains were characterized and compared. At day 113, we induced the expression of catabolic genes in Mix3 by adding the substrate mixture to resting cells and the metatranscriptome was analyzed. After addition of the substrate mixture, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria increased at day 222 while a shift between Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium was observed after 113  days. Mix3 was able to degrade 13 compounds completely, with partial degradation of @entity7323 and @entity57653 , but @entity23053 was not degraded. Rhodococcus wratislaviensis strain IFP 2016 isolated from Mix3 showed almost the same degradation capacities as Mix3: these results were not observed with the other isolated strains. Transcriptomic results revealed that Actinobacteria and in particular, Rhodococcus species, were major contributors in terms of total and catabolic gene transcripts while other species were involved in @entity13479 degradation. Not all the microorganisms identified at day 113 were active except R. wratislaviensis IFP 2016 that appeared to be a major player in the degradation activity observed in Mix3.

title: Importance of Rhodococcus strains in a bacterial consortium degrading a mixture of XXXX , @entity18683 , and diesel oil additives revealed by metatranscriptomic analysis.

entities_list: @entity23053 :: ('MESH:D020002', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity57653 :: ('MESH:C040121', 'Chemical') :: ['2-ethylhexyl nitrate']

entities_list: @entity7323 :: ('MESH:C045798', 'Chemical') :: ['isooctane']

answer: @entity9436 :: (MESH:D006838,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbons']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of @entity632 and @entity1311 ( @entity1129 ) with a standard @entity632 and @entity786 (AC) regimen as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were @entity4349 -naive and had bidimensionally measurable metastatic @entity0 . Two hundred seventy-five @entity1 were randomly assigned to be treated with @entity1129 ( @entity632 60 mg/m(2) as an intravenous bolus plus @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) as a 3-hour infusion) or AC ( @entity632 60 mg/m(2) plus @entity786 600 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks for a maximum of six cycles. A @entity1311 (200 mg/m(2)) and @entity786 (750 mg/m(2)) dose escalation was planned at cycle 2 if no grade >or= 3 @entity1398 occurred in cycle 1. The primary efficacy end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were response rate (RR), safety, overall survival (OS), and quality of life. RESULTS: A median number of six cycles were delivered in the two treatment arms. The relative dose-intensity and delivered cumulative dose of @entity632 were lower in the @entity1129 arm. Dose escalation was only possible in 17% and 20% of the @entity1129 and AC @entity1 , respectively. Median PFS was 6 months in the two treatments arms. RR was 58% versus 54%, and median OS was 20.6 versus 20.5 months in the @entity1129 and AC arms, respectively. The @entity1129 regimen was characterized by a higher incidence of @entity1398 , 32% versus 9% in the AC arm. CONCLUSION: No differences in the efficacy study end points were observed between the two treatment arms. Treatment-related @entity137 compromised @entity632 -delivered dose-intensity in the @entity1311 -based regimen

title: @entity632 and @entity1311 versus XXXX and @entity786 as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic @entity0 : The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer 10961 Multicenter Phase III Trial.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The growth and persistence of solid @entity5 and their metastases is connected with angiogenesis. This process is determined by activity of pro- and antyangiogenic factors. @entity7 is the one of the most important factors having a stimulant effect on angiogenesis. Soluble forms of @entity7 receptors are inhibitors of angiogenesis. The soluble forms of @entity7 receptors containing extra cellular part of receptor, which binds ligand, seem to be real inhibitors of @entity7 . THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Evaluation the value of serum @entity7 and soluble forms of @entity7 receptors concentration as a marker of @entity5 in @entity1 with hormonal inactive @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty seven @entity1 (18 female, 9 male; mean age 48+/-4.3 years) with @entity1636 (N=8), adrenal metastases (N=4) and @entity822 (N=15) were included in this study. Age- and gender-matched control samples were acquired from healthy volunteers (N=10). Serum @entity7 and sVEGFR levels were determinated by means of ELISA assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student-t test, the Pearson's test and the series test. RESULTS: In healthy controls mean @entity7 level was 197.2 pg/ml, sVEGFR-1 43.5 pg/ml and sVEGFR-2 8976.3 pg/ml. @entity1 with @entity1636 had the levels of @entity7 (1263.8 pg/ml) significantly higher and of sVEGFR-2 (5893.7 pg/ml) significantly lower in comparison to control group (p<0.05). On the other hand the mean @entity7 (334.2 pg/ml) concentration in @entity1 with benign @entity822 wasn't significant different than in control group (p>0.05) but mean sVEGFR-1 (21.7 pg/ml) and sVEGFR-2 (7106.4 pg/ml) concentrations were significantly lower than in the control (p<0.05). In metastases group mean @entity7 (485.9 pg/ml) level was higher and sVEGFR-2 (5455.2 pg/ml) was lower than in control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that determination of @entity7 and sVEGFR concentration in the serum of @entity1 with hormonal inactive @entity5 may be applied as an additional marker of @entity5 .

title: [Assessment of pro- and antiangiogenic factors blood serum concentrations in XXXX with hormonal inactive @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical adenoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 79-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity2679 that occurred about 40 days after sigmoidectomy had been performed for @entity694 . Though antibiotics improved his condition, the @entity1 had @entity360 , @entity294 , and left lower @entity490 . Colonoscopic findings showed multiple ring-like areas of redness and @entity4125 in the rectosigmoid colon and marked @entity4 from the descending to the transverse colon. The @entity1 then developed @entity4125 on the extensor surfaces of the legs and @entity1621 , and exacerbation of the @entity360 . A second colonoscopy (CS) showed multiple ring-like areas of redness and ecchymosis throughout the colon. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity5417 (HSP), and the symptoms were attenuated after the administration of @entity617 . However, @entity294 recurred in about a week; stool culture confirmed @entity2718 , and a third CS revealed @entity8307 throughout the colon. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity8307 ( @entity8307 ), and the administration of @entity2176 attenuated the symptoms. In conclusion, we have reported a rare adult case of @entity8307 that occurred during @entity617 treatment for HSP. The @entity8307 may have been caused by changes in the intestinal bacterial flora after the sigmoidectomy and by the intestinal lesions of HSP, as well as by the administration of antibiotics after the sigmoidectomy and for the treatment of @entity2679 , and by the use of @entity617 for the treatment of the HSP.

title: Association of XXXX with @entity5417 .

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpura', 'petechiae']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis', 'pseudomembranes', 'PMC']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['Henoch-Sch  nlein purpura']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral gonalgia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity8307 :: (MESH:D004761,Disease) :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, clinical profile and influence on outcome of @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) treated with primary angioplasty (PA). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SCOPE: A 12-beds coronary care unit at a university hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity583 treated with PA, admitted in 2004 were studied. PRINCIPAL VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Age, gender, anterior localization of @entity583 , smoking, arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , troponin Ic levels, time delays until PA, @entity712 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), in-hospital length of stay and mortality. RESULTS: Ninety @entity1 were included. @entity1850 was diagnosed in 15 @entity1 (16.6%), who were older (72 +/- 7 vs 66 +/- 9 years; p = 0,01). These @entity1 had a greater frequency of @entity6 (42% vs 17%; p = 0.01), higher troponin Ic levels (80 +/- 12 vs 68 +/- 19 ng/ml; p = 0.02), lower LVEF (41 +/- 8% vs 51 +/- 12%; p = 0.002), longer in-hospital length of stay (18 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 3 days, p = 0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (10 vs 3%, p = 0.03) compared with @entity1 without @entity1850 . @entity6 (OR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.2-1.9) and lower ejection fraction (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.1) were the independent predictors of the presence of @entity1850 . In multivariant analysis @entity1850 was an independent predictor of mortality in @entity583 @entity1 treated with PA (OR: 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-6). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1850 may be present in @entity583 @entity1 treated with PA and its presence is associated to a worse outcome and longer in-hospital stay.

title: [ XXXX : incidence and influence on outcome in @entity583 treated with primary angioplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS', 'Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['Systemic inflammatory response syndrome']


abstract: A @entity579 beta-glucanase gene was sequenced and its expression analyzed at the level of mRNA accumulation. This gene (Gns1) is expressed at relatively low levels in germinating seeds, shoots, leaves, panicles and callus, but it is expressed at higher levels in roots. Expression in the roots appears to be constitutive. Shoots express Gns1 at much higher levels when treated with @entity1786 , @entity19164 , @entity3785 , and fungal elicitors derived from the pathogen Sclerotium oryzae or from the non-pathogen @entity375 cereviseae. Shoots also express Gns1 at higher levels in response to wounding. Expression in the shoots is not significantly affected by auxin, @entity9635 or @entity2271 . The beta-glucanase shows 82% @entity535 similarity to the @entity2247 1,3;1,4-beta-D-glucanases, and from hybridization studies it is the beta-glucanase gene in the @entity579 genome closest to the @entity2247 1,3;1,4-beta-glucanase EI gene. The mature peptide has a calculated molecular mass of 32 kDa. The gene has a large 3145 bp intron in the codon for the 25th @entity535 of the signal peptide. The gene exhibits a very strong codon bias of 99% G + C in the third position of the codon in the mature peptide coding region, but only 61% G + C in the signal peptide region.

title: Structure of a @entity579 beta-glucanase gene regulated by XXXX , @entity19164 , wounding, @entity3785 and fungal elicitors.

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellic acid']

entities_list: @entity19164 :: ('CHEBI:23530', 'Chemical') :: ['cytokinin']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity1786 :: ('MESH:C036216', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene']

answer: @entity1786 :: (MESH:C036216,Chemical) :: ['ethylene']


abstract: Study Objectives: To assess adverse drug reaction reports of "abnormal sleep related events" associated with @entity4006 , a partial agonist to the a4b2 subtype of nicotinic @entity934 receptors on neurones, indicated for smoking cessation. Design: Twenty-seven reports of "abnormal sleep related events" often associated with abnormal dreams, nightmares, or @entity4464 , which are known to be associated with @entity4006 use, were identified in the World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Individual Case Safety Reports Database. @entity9468 reports were obtained from the four national pharmacovigilance centers that submitted these reports and assessed for reaction description and causality. Measurements and Results: These 27 reports include 10 of aggressive activity occurring during sleep and seven of other sleep related harmful or potentially harmful activities, such as apparently deliberate self-harm, moving a @entity1 or a car, or lighting a stove or a cigarette. Assessment of these 17 reports of @entity146 or other actual or potential harm showed that nine @entity1 recovered or were recovering on @entity4006 withdrawal and there were no consistent alternative explanations. Thirteen @entity1 experienced single events, and two had multiple events. Frequency was not stated for the remaining two @entity1 . Conclusions: The descriptions of the reports of @entity146 during sleep with violent dreaming are similar to those of @entity735 movement @entity146 and also nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep @entity4939 in some adults. @entity1 who experience @entity4464 or dreams of a violent nature while taking @entity4006 should be advised to consult their health providers. Consideration should be given to clarifying the term @entity25 in @entity4006 product information and including sleep related harmful and potentially harmful events.

title: XXXX and Abnormal Sleep Related Events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'sleep behavior disorder']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rapid eye']

entities_list: @entity4939 :: ('MESH:D020447', 'Disease') :: ['parasomnias']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['somnambulism']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['Original anonymous']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4006 :: (MESH:C500838,Chemical) :: ['Varenicline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2224 remains the leading cause of @entity204 in western societies. International organizations publish guidelines to follow in case of @entity1167 . The aim of the present study is to assess whether the newly published guidelines record similar resuscitation success with the 2000 Advanced Life Support Guidelines on Resuscitation in a @entity1707 model of @entity1167 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Nineteen landrace/large white @entity1707 were used. @entity2224 was induced with the use of a transvenous pacing wire inserted into the right ventricle. The animals were randomized into two groups. In Group A, 10 animals were resuscitated using the 2000 guidelines, whereas in Group B, 9 animals were resuscitated using the 2005 guidelines. Both algorithms recorded similar successful resuscitation rates, as 60% of the animals in Group A and 44.5% in Group B were successfully resuscitated. However, animals in Group A restored a rhythm, compatible with a pulse, quicker than those in Group B (p=0.002). Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was not adversely affected by three defibrillation attempts in Group A. CONCLUSIONS: Both algorithms' resulted in comparable resuscitation success, however, guidelines 2000 resulted in faster resuscitation times. These preliminary results merit further investigation.

title: Resuscitation outcomes comparing year 2000 with year 2005 ALS guidelines in a XXXX model of @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether disagreements in reporting @entity1 behavior problems between biological parents and foster parents and teachers are related to @entity308 in the biological parent. METHOD: @entity1 Behavior Checklists and Teacher's Report Forms were completed by parents, foster parents, and teachers on 95 foster @entity1 between ages 5 and 16 during 1990-1991. @entity308 in biological parents were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the relation between @entity308 and the discrepancies between their reports and those of two other informants. RESULTS: In both the internalizing and externalizing behavior models, a significant relation was found between parents' @entity308 and their discrepancies in reporting, but not with @entity1 behavior. This relation was stronger for internalizing than externalizing models. CONCLUSIONS: Using foster parents (and teachers) as informants offered a unique opportunity to view the reports of biological parents in comparison to two independent reports. Foster parents have a similar observational situation as biological parents but bring a less emotionally invested perspective to behavior observation, even when they are relatives. It is likely that @entity308 in parents distort their reports of their @entity1 's behavior. Clinicians would be wise to supplement parental with other informant reports.

title: Three informants' reports of XXXX behavior: parents, teachers, and foster parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'Depressive symptoms', 'parental depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to a worldwide rise of incidence, @entity1791 presents an increasing strain on the health system. Ureterorenoscopy (URS) is a standard treatment to extract stones in case of @entity1607 . To increase the success rate of URS and to minimize complications, preoperative ureteral stenting (prestenting) has previously been described as suitable. However, published data are still conflicting. This article describes our single-center experience on the influence of prestenting on the outcome of ureterorenoscopic stone therapy. METHODS: A total of 442  @entity1 who had undergone ureterorenoscopic stone extraction at the Wolfsburg Clinic between 2010 and 2011 were retrospectively evaluated regarding peri- and postoperative results. The Fisher's exact, the   (2), and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the group of @entity1 with and without prestenting. RESULTS: Even though @entity1 with prestenting suffered from stones with larger diameter that were more frequently located in the proximal ureter, the rates for postoperative stenting, perioperative complications, and retreatment were much lower then in the group of @entity1 without prestenting (p<0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 who had received prestenting had a significantly shorter hospital stay (median, 3 vs. 2  days, p<0.001) and higher rates of stone clearance (83.0 vs. 69.7%, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: According to our retrospective monocentric analysis, prestenting may significantly reduce the risk of complications as well as intra-/post-URS restenting and can increase the rate of complete stone clearance.

title: [Influence of ureter stenting before ureterorenoscopic treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['ureteral calculi']


abstract: There are four hypotheses which have been advanced to explain the pathophysiology of severe and @entity532 such as @entity6197 . However, none of them adequately explains all the features of @entity6197 in @entity1 . One such hypotheses is @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). To determine whether this condition occurs in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity311 , the authors conducted a study on @entity2002 and its degradation products, euglobulin lysis time and parasite counts in 30 cases of uncomplicated @entity311 . By spectrophotometric method, plasma @entity2002 in @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity311 was found to be normal as compared to normal healthy adults. There were no @entity2002 degradation production (FDP) detected in either @entity1 or healthy controls, using latex agglutination tests at a dilution of 1:5. This method for FDP estimation is significant in that a serum agglutination with 1:5 dilution indicates a concentration of FDP in the original serum in excess of 10g/ml, designated as positive results of experiment. High values of euglobulin lysis time (ELT) were noted in @entity1 with @entity258 . Analysis of these results showed that disseminated @entity5642 did not occur in uncomplicated cases of @entity311 . In this study on cases of uncomplicated @entity311 and @entity258 the biochemical parameters relating to to @entity5642 have been essentially normal, although @entity5642 is thought to be a primary stage in the development of @entity6197 . According to Reid, @entity5642 is an important intermediate mechanism in the pathophysiology of severe and @entity532 such as @entity6197 .

title: Estimation of plasma @entity2002 and its degradation products in uncomplicated cases of @entity311 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated malaria']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation', 'intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low parasitaemia']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low parasitemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to evaluate our results of @entity697 repair taking into account the impact of surgical experience in aortic surgery. METHODS: Between August 2002 and March 2013, 162 consecutive @entity1 (mean age: 63    14 years) underwent surgery for acute @entity1580 . All @entity1 were operated on by one of the clinic's attending surgeons with wide experience in cardiac surgery (at least 2000 procedures performed personally), however about one-half of the @entity1 (75 @entity1 , 46%) were operated by the @entity2333 ( @entity1129 ) surgeons with profound experience in complex aortic pathologies. All perioperative data were collected prospectively and retrospective statistical analysis was performed using uni- and multivariate analyses to identify predictors for surgical @entity137 ( @entity137 ) containing in-hospital and/or 90-day mortality and new permanent @entity51 . RESULTS: @entity137 was observed in 36 @entity1 (22.2%) including in-hospital mortality in 22 (13.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified surgery not performed by the @entity1129 as the strongest predictor for @entity137 (odds ratio: 14.1; 95% confidence interval: 3.5-55.6; P < 0.0001) followed by any malperfusion, @entity583 and creatinine level. Two groups were built according to the surgery performed by the @entity1129 (Group @entity1129 ) or by the surgeons not on the @entity1129 (Group @entity1129 ). The comparison of the groups showed no relevant differences regarding the preoperative characteristics, especially compromised consciousness, malperfusion and extent of dissection. Yet, the outcomes in Group @entity1129 vs @entity1129 were significantly different presenting @entity137 : 8.0 vs 34.5% (P < 0.0001), in-hospital mortality: 4.0 vs and 21.8% (P < 0.001), new permanent @entity51 : 2.7 vs 11.5% (P = 0.03), even if valve-sparing repairs and complete arch replacements were much more frequent in Group @entity1129 . The groups also differed considerably in regard to cannulation and perfusion management, which might play a decisive role in surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Aortic repair in acute type A dissection, when performed by highly specialized aortic surgeons, offers not only much better outcomes but also provides significantly higher rate of curative albeit valve-sparing aortic repairs. @entity1 -centred care in referral aortic centres with surgery performed by specialized teams should be striven for to improve surgical results in @entity697 surgery.

title: Impact of surgical experience on outcome in surgery of acute XXXX

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'adverse outcome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and organ dysfunctions', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic team']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: AIM: Original studies have employed various genetic models in association analysis between @entity10430 @entity25929 ( @entity25113 ) with gout risk and different or conflicting results, especially regarding the role of gender in this association. In addition, it is not clear whether the association varies by ethnicity. METHOD: Articles published before September 1, 2013 were extracted and registered into databases for the systematic review of this polymorphism. The quality of each study was scored based on predefined criteria. The genetic model was identified through stratification analysis, then a meta-analysis including all publically available data was preformed to test the association between @entity25113 and gout risk. Potential sources of heterogeneity were sought out via stratification analysis and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS: Nine case-control studies involving 17  942 individuals were eligible for the meta-analysis of @entity25113 . Codominant model was the most appropriate genetic model to interpret the susceptibility cause. It showed that the @entity25113 T allele obviously increased gout risk, and TT was much stronger than GT (TT vs. GG: OR, 4.10; 95% CI, 2.90-5.80; GT vs. GG: OR, 1.71, 95% CI, 1.39-2.10). In addition, gender and ethnicity were found to affect the association between the susceptibility of gout and @entity25113 . CONCLUSION: @entity10430 @entity25113 is an important genetic factor in increasing gout risk, and the difference in genetic association has been found between male and female populations. In addition, the degree of association has been found to vary with ethnicity.

title: Association between XXXX @entity25929 polymorphism and gout risk affected by ethnicity and gender: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity10430 :: (9429,Gene) :: ['ABCG2']


abstract: In chronic @entity31 , the object of surveillance is prevention of @entity5 or at least prevention of @entity204 from @entity5 by diagnosis at an early curable stage or by detection at a pre-malignant phase. @entity1 must be informed about their @entity5 risk as well as the limitations of endoscopic surveillance and the availability of surgical alternatives. Physicians must bear in mind the risks, benefits and costs of surveillance procedures. @entity1 at greatest risk of @entity5 for whom endoscopic surveillance is warranted are those with extensive @entity1960 of greater than 8 years duration. Colonoscopy should be performed every 1 to 2 years at which time multiple biopsies are obtained from every 10-12 cm of normal-appearing mucosa. Targeted biopsies should also be obtained from areas where the surface appears raised as a broad-based polyp, low irregular plaque or villiform elevation, or from an unusual ulcer, particularly one with raised edges, or from a stricture. Typical @entity1127 need not be sampled. Colectomy is recommended in the presence of multifocal high-grade @entity1141 if confirmed by an experienced pathologist. The identification of a @entity66 associated with any degree of @entity1141 is also a generally accepted indication for colectomy, while persistent low-grade @entity1141 without a mass is somewhat more controversial. Recently introduced biomarkers may replace or @entity1141 in surveillance programmes as well as provide new information about malignant transformation.

title: Surveillance of XXXX with chronic @entity31 . WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory polyps']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['supplement dysplasia', 'dysplasia', 'overlying dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Retrospective analysis of @entity235 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) surgically treated using jaw resection. Material and me- thods: A total of 40 @entity235 were enrolled in the study. @entity235 with incomplete @entity5 resection or @entity3 were subjected to adjuvant chemotherapy using @entity3003 . Breed, age, @entity5 localisation, postsurgical complications, survival times and prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: There were no breed predispositions. The median age was 9.5 years (mean 8.6 years; range 0.5-15.5 years). At the time of presentation, two @entity235 (5%) had lymph node @entity3 (N1). The median survival time (ST) of all the @entity1 was 44.8 months. In 15 @entity1 , the @entity5 was located in the maxilla, whereas 25 @entity235 had a mandibular @entity5 location. The median ST in @entity235 with @entity5 was 39 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 24 months), while @entity1 with @entity5 survived a median of 43 months (95% CI 33-70 months). There was no significant difference in the ST in @entity1 with maxillary versus @entity1 - dibular @entity5 (p = 0.985). On multivariate analysis, only the @entity5 stage was found to be significantly associated with survival (p = 0.0047). @entity1 with stage N0 survived a median of 44 months (95% CI 36-80 months). The two @entity235 with lymph node @entity3 (N1) sur- vived 18 and 70 months following jaw resection and @entity3003 chemotherapy, respectively. According to the histological findings, @entity5 resection was incomplete in five @entity1 . These @entity235 received adjuvant @entity3003 chemotherapy, resulting in an ST of between 6 and 146 months. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prognosis depends on the @entity5 stage, while for complete local excision of the affected jaw segment a good prognosis can be given and the majority of the @entity1 can be cured. The supposedly more malignant behaviour of gingival SCCs located in the caudal aspects of the oral cavity could not be confirmed. @entity1 with @entity3 of the local lymph nodes can achieve acceptable survival times. Jaw resections have low complication rates and a good functional outcome.

title: [Prognosis of XXXX oral (gingival) @entity957 after surgical therapy. A retrospective analysis in 40 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'gingival squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'maxillary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: A comparative study for the simultaneous gas chromatographic (GC) resolution and detection of the six antidepressants @entity52125 , @entity906 , @entity2645 , @entity5829 , @entity3756 , and @entity19584 in whole blood at concentration levels of 100-2000 ng/mL was developed. Two extraction/cleanup analytical procedures were compared regarding their recovery, precision, sensitivity and matrix purification efficiency. The first procedure consists of the employment of Chem Elut columns (diatomaceous earth) and is based on the principle of liquid-solid absorption extraction that is closely related to conventional liquid-liquid extraction. The second focuses on the use of Bond Elut Certify columns and a mixed SPE, reversed-phase and cation-exchange sorbent, more recently developed for the market. Each procedure required 2.0 mL of whole blood extraction and injection into a capillary GC equipped with a @entity1568 - @entity3151 detector. @entity10541 was used as the extraction standard (surrogate), and @entity21578 was used as the chromatographic standard. No interferences were found, and the time for the chromatographic analysis was 16 min for one sample. Recoveries of the compounds using Chem Elut columns at 500 ng/mL were in the range of 28-74% with intra-assay and interassay precisions of less than 7% and 19%, respectively. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) ranged from 39 to 153 ng/mL and from 128 to 504 ng/mL, respectively. Recoveries of the compounds using Bond Elut Certify columns at 500 ng/mL were in the range of 64-86% with intra-assay and interassay precisions of less than 4% and 10%, respectively. LODs and @entity21211 ranged from 21 to 100 ng/mL and from 70 to 330 ng/mL, respectively. An excellent linearity was observed with both procedures from the @entity21211 up to 2000 ng/mL. The use of the reversed-phase and cation-exchange sorbent Bond Elut Certify showed advantages compared with Chem Elut columns for the screening of these antidepressants such as higher recoveries, cleaner extracts, better sensitivity, better precision, and less solvent consumption and disposal.

title: Simultaneous determination of @entity52125 , XXXX , @entity2645 , @entity5829 , @entity3756 , and @entity19584 in whole blood: comparison of two extraction/cleanup procedures for capillary gas chromatography with @entity1568 - @entity3151 detection.

entities_list: @entity19584 :: ('MESH:D000657', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxapine']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity52125 :: ('MESH:D014745', 'Chemical') :: ['viloxazine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['Mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity906 :: (MESH:C047426,Chemical) :: ['venlafaxine']


abstract: Seven @entity1 with @entity5 in the @entity2339 were investigated by MRI. The main clinical problems were @entity2010 (5 cases) and general @entity4611 (2 cases). No @entity1 had @entity227 . In 6 of the 7 @entity1 the primary @entity5 was known, but no @entity1 had symptoms from the primary @entity5 ; 1 had symptoms from @entity3 in locations other than the pituitary gland. In one @entity1 no primary @entity5 was known. MR detection of a second, clinically silent, 5 mm lesion in the posterior cranial fossa initiated the search for primary @entity5 . MRI showed @entity5 in 3 @entity1 and intra- and suprasellar @entity5 in 4. The latter were dumbbell lesions with only a small bridge of tissue connecting the intra- und suprasellar portions. Six of the 7 suprasellar @entity5 seemed to be in the infundibular recess of the third ventricle; in 5 the infundibulum was visible as an enhancing linear structure at the @entity5 . The pituitary fossa was normal in all cases.

title: XXXX to the @entity2339 . An MR study of 7 symptomatic @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual or oculomotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumour', 'postero-inferior border of the tumour', 'tumours', 'purely suprasellar tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-hypothalamic axis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: Although leukotriene B4 (LTB4) has been reported to stimulate monocytes and neutrophils, its role on dendritic cell (DC) activity has not been examined. Here, we investigated the expression of LTB4 receptor and the effect of LTB4 on @entity1 @entity1358 . We analyzed LTB4 receptors, @entity26125 and @entity59419 , by using RT-PCR. DCs express @entity59419 but not @entity26125 mRNA. DCs were chemotactically migrated to LTB4. LTB4-induced @entity1358 was completely inhibited by pertussis toxin, indicating the role of Gi proteins. LTB4 induced mitogen activated protein kinase activation and Akt activation. LTB4-induced @entity1358 was mediated by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase but not by p38 kinase. @entity59419 -selevite antagonist, @entity43606 , almost completely inhibited @entity1358 induced by LTB4 but not by @entity61097 . Thus @entity1 myeloid DCs express functional @entity59419 but not @entity26125 , suggesting a physiological role of LTB4 and @entity59419 in regulating DC trafficking during induction of immune responses.

title: Leukotriene B4 stimulates XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cell chemotaxis.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['DC chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity61097 :: ('MESH:C113617', 'Chemical') :: ['Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Antibiotic resistance occurrences and proliferation in activated sludge have attracted more and more attention nowadays. However, the role which @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) plays on the antibiotic resistance is not clear. The changes and correlation among @entity3144 , @entity803 (TC) resistant bacteria ( @entity11112 ) and TC resistance genes (TRGs) of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were investigated. Performance of SBR without TC was compared with two other SBRs to which different amounts of TC were added. Total average @entity3144 contents were found to increase significantly from 66mgg(-1) VSS to 181mgg(-1) VSS as the TC concentrations increased from 0 to 100 gL(-1). As the @entity3144 content increased, @entity11112 in sludge of the three SBRs increased significantly from 10(5) to 10(6) colony forming unit mL(-1) after being exposed to TC. In addition, the concentrations of three groups of TRGs (copies mL(-1)) were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and followed the order: efflux pump genes>ribosome protected genes>degradation enzyme genes. The numbers of TRGs in the idle stage were larger than those in the aeration sludge. Correlation coefficients (R(2)) between @entity3144 and @entity11112 in sludge were 0.823 (p<0.01) while the correlation between @entity3144 and total TRGs was poor (R(2)=0.463, p>0.05). But it showed the same tendency that @entity3144 and TRGs in sludge increased with the increasing of TC.

title: Correlation among extracellular polymeric substances, XXXX resistant bacteria and @entity803 resistance genes under trace @entity803 .

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['extracellular polymeric substance', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: @entity72 is a @entity245 characterized by @entity497 and repetitive and stereotyped interests and behaviours. Although not part of the diagnostic criteria, individuals with @entity2438 experience a host of @entity73 , potentially due to abnormalities in how they learn motor control throughout development. Here, we used behavioural techniques to quantify motor learning in @entity72 , and structural brain imaging to investigate the neural basis of that learning in the cerebellum. Twenty @entity1 with @entity72 and 20 typically developing control subjects, aged 8-12, made reaching movements while holding the handle of a robotic manipulandum. In random trials the reach was perturbed, resulting in errors that were sensed through vision and proprioception. The brain learned from these errors and altered the motor commands on the subsequent reach. We measured learning from error as a function of the sensory modality of that error, and found that @entity1 with @entity72 outperformed typically developing @entity1 when learning from errors that were sensed through proprioception, but underperformed typically developing @entity1 when learning from errors that were sensed through vision. Previous work had shown that this learning depends on the integrity of a region in the anterior cerebellum. Here we found that the anterior cerebellum, extending into lobule VI, and parts of lobule @entity797 were smaller than normal in @entity1 with @entity72 , with a volume that was predicted by the pattern of learning from @entity227 . We suggest that the abnormal patterns of motor learning in @entity1 with @entity72 , showing an increased sensitivity to proprioceptive error and a decreased sensitivity to @entity227 , may be associated with abnormalities in the cerebellum.

title: Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in XXXX with @entity2438 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and proprioceptive errors', 'visual error']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairments']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in social and communication skills']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['Autism spectrum disorder', 'autism spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: An epidemiological survey was conducted to clarify the relationship between bone mineral density(BMD) and exercise at 14 health centers in Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan from September 1994 through March 1995. More than 5,000 @entity1 participated in this survey. Second metacarpal BMD was measured by CXD(Computed X-ray Densitometry) method. Information about past history of exercise was obtained by questionnaire. sigma GS/D < 2.3(sigma GS/D: a parameter of BMD) was used to estimate the suspicion of @entity170 . Data on 5,124 @entity1 aged 40 years and above were analyzed. Subjects were categorized into two groups according to the presence(n = 1,687) or absence(n = 3,437) of past history of regular exercise. sigma GS/D values were significantly (p < or = 0.05) higher in @entity1 who have had regular exercise in the past than those of the non-exercise group except those aged over 70 years. Ball game, foot sports and gymnastics were the main exercises. When @entity170 was suspected based on the measurements of bone mineral density, the odds ratio (exercise present/absent) was 0.27 (95% confidence limits: 0.08-0.94), 0.82 (0.65-1.04), 0.78 (0.61-0.99), and 1.25 (0.67-2.35) at 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, and over 70 years, respectively. The results of the present study suggest the beneficial influence of exercise on bone mineral density and its utility for preventing @entity170 .

title: Relationship between exercise and bone mineral density among over 5,000 XXXX aged 40 years and above.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The accuracy of @entity1011 clearance (CLcr) estimates generated for elderly @entity1 with a low serum @entity1011 (SCr) concentration when the SCr concentration was rounded to 1.0 mg/dL was evaluated, and daily @entity4028 dosages calculated with CLcr estimates based on the actual and the rounded SCr concentrations were compared with the actual dosage required as determined by @entity4028 concentration measurements. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were obtained from elderly hospitalized @entity1 with stable renal function, and CLcr was measured. SCr concentrations were measured at baseline, during urine collection, and after urine collection. CLcr was calculated twice with each of seven methods, once by using the actual SCr concentration and once by rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL. Rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL resulted in significant underestimation of CLcr by all seven methods. The Cockcroft-Gault equation used with ideal body weight and the rounded SCr concentration resulted in the largest bias. For six of the seven methods, bias was greater and precision less when SCr concentrations of < 0.7 mg/dL were rounded than when SCr concentrations of > or = 0.7 mg/dL were rounded. The Bjornsson method used with the actual SCr concentration appeared to offer the best combination of low bias and high precision. The required @entity4028 dosage was significantly underestimated when the rounded SCr concentration was used. In elderly @entity1 with low SCr concentrations, rounding the SCr concentration to 1.0 mg/dL led to underestimates of both CLcr and the correct @entity4028 dosage.

title: Estimating @entity1011 clearance in elderly XXXX with low serum @entity1011 concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Psoriasis is characterized by three main pathogenic features: abnormal differentiation, keratinocyte hyperproliferation and @entity32 . The lesions may disappear spontaneously or as a result of therapy, but recurrences are almost certain. Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity11885 were treated with @entity2116 solution 50 g/ml as twice-daily application for 8 weeks. The assessment was based on the mean sign scores (erythema, thickness and scaliness) at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The results indicated that five @entity1 were excluded from the study (four because of irregularity and one because of @entity146 ), and 22 @entity1 had completed the treatment course. There was a marked reduction in the total mean scores of erythema, thickness and scaling from 2.8, 2.7 and 2.7 to 0.3, 0.34 and 0.4, respectively. Fifteen @entity1 (68.2%) showed complete clearance of their @entity1569 , and most of the lesions cleared by week 6 of treatment. Two @entity1 (9.1%) had marked improvement and four (18.2%) @entity1 showed moderate improvement. No response to @entity2116 solution was seen in only one @entity1 . No adverse effects occurred except severe @entity146 in one @entity1 , who was excluded from this study. In conclusion, @entity2116 could be a valid choice for the treatment of @entity11885 .

title: @entity2116 solution in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity2116 :: ('MESH:C055085', 'Chemical') :: ['calcipotriol']

entities_list: @entity11885 :: ('MESH:C538225', 'Disease') :: ['scalp psoriasis']

answer: @entity11885 :: (MESH:C538225,Disease) :: ['scalp psoriasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up was to determine prognostic factors for duration of sickness absence due to @entity85 . METHODS: Workers were included when on sickness absence of 2 to 6 weeks due to @entity85 . A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect personal and work-related factors, @entity158 , and general health perceptions. Statistical analysis was done with Cox proportional hazard regression with an interaction variable with time for every risk factor of interest. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on @entity85 and, separately, for @entity1643 . RESULTS: The main factors that were associated with longer sickness absence were older age, gender, perceived physical workload, and poorer general health for neck, shoulder and @entity851 , and functional disability, sciatica, worker's own perception of the ability of return to work, and chronic complaints for @entity1643 . Workers with a high perceived physical work load returned to work increasingly slower over time than expected, whereas workers with a high functional disability returned to work increasingly faster over time. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity158 intensity is a major prognostic factor for duration of sickness absence, especially in @entity1643 . The different disease-specific risk profiles for prolonged sickness absence indicate that @entity1643 and @entity851 need different approaches when applying intervention strategies with the aim of early return to work. The interaction of perceived physical workload with time suggests that perceived physical workload would increasingly hamper return to work and, hence, supports the need for workplace interventions among workers off work for prolonged periods.

title: Prognostic factors for duration of sickness absence due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain, functional disability']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lymph node status in EC determines the staging and has important prognostic and therapeutic implications. OBJECTIVES: We have examined the diagnostic value of preoperative and intraoperative non-invasive methods to determine the lymph node status in @entity1204 , or, indirectly, for identification of @entity1 at increased risk of lymph node involvement. SEARCH STRATEGY: We conducted a literature search to identify all relevant reports that evaluated lymph node spread in EC. SELECTION CRITERIA: Articles were only considered when data of investigational modalities were compared with histopathological findings of the surgical specimens, considered as the gold standard. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: When numerous relevant articles were identified for one investigational modality, only series including more than 50 @entity1 were considered. MAIN RESULTS: Sensitivity of CT and MRI for diagnosis metastatic lymph node is limited. TVS performs as well as MRI in predicting deep @entity3 . It is unclear whether intraoperative gross visual examination and frozen section perform better than preoperative methods to predict deep @entity3 . There is a limited sensitivity of intraoperative frozen section for predicting poorly differentiated EC. CONCLUSION: Accurate non-invasive assessment of lymph node status in @entity1 with EC remains challenging. SYNOPSIS: Despite imaging advances in the past 20 years, accurate non-invasive assessment of lymph node status in @entity1 with EC remains challenging.

title: Non-invasive modalities for predicting lymph node spread in early stage XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity8674 Major have a requirement for repeated blood transfusion, which ultimately results in liver @entity68 - and whole body @entity68 -overload. These @entity1 are also at risk of reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Seventeen @entity1 (9 female, age 19-32 yr) were referred for bone density estimations of the hip, spine, and whole body. As well as calculating the usual indices of body composition, we superimposed regions of interest over the liver, and expressed the result as " @entity79 " (g/cm2). This was compared with the serum ferritin as a noninvasive indication of total body @entity68 status. Twelve @entity1 were studied at least twice, more than 18 mo apart. This group showed a significantly below average @entity79 (T-spine -2.1, T-femoral neck -1.2, T-whole body -1.7, p < 0.001). The group's hepatic density correlated significantly with initial serum ferritin (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Changes in individual liver density did not correlate significantly with changes in ferritin levels (p = 0.15), possibly due to wide variability in individual results. DEXA may be a useful noninvasive technique for estimating liver- @entity68 concentration.

title: Liver density measured by DEXA correlates with serum ferritin in @entity1 with XXXX Major.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-Thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-Thalassemia']


abstract: Though health benefits to households in developing countries from antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs are widely reported in the literature, specific estimates regarding impacts of treatments on household incomes are rare. This type of information is important to governments and donors, as it is an indication of returns to their ART investments, and to better understand the role of @entity645 / @entity791 in development. The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of a community-based ART program on household incomes in a previously underserved rural region of Uganda. A community-based ART program, based largely on labor contributions from community volunteers, was implemented and evaluated. All households with @entity645 / @entity791 @entity1 enrolled in the treatment programme (n=134 households) were surveyed five times; once at the beginning of the treatment and every three months thereafter for a period of one year. Data were collected on household income from cash earnings and value of own production. The analysis, using ordinary least squares and quantile regressions, identifies the impact of the ART program on household incomes over the first year of the treatment, while controlling for heterogeneity in household characteristics and temporal changes. As a result of the treatment, health conditions of virtually all @entity1 improved, and household incomes increased by approximately 30% to 40%, regardless of household income quantile. These increases in income, however, varied significantly depending on socio-demographic and socio-economic control variables. Overall, results show large and significant impacts of the ART program on household incomes, suggesting large returns to public investments in ART, and that treating @entity645 / @entity791 is an important precondition for development. Moreover, development programs that invest in @entity1 capital and build wealth are important complements that can increase the returns to ART programs.

title: Impact of community-based @entity645 / XXXX treatment on household incomes in Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: A galanin-like peptidergic system was demonstrated in the @entity75 . A group of immunoreactive perikarya was located in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis close to the recessus preopticus. Galaninergic fibers occurred in various brain areas. Galanin identified in @entity1 pituitary cells was undetectable in fish adenohypophysial cells. @entity53 increased the immunostaining of the rostral perikarya and brain fibers in both male and female @entity4715 kept in fresh water and in female @entity35465 in sea water. @entity8645 , an aromatizable @entity342 , increased galanin immunoreactivity in rostral perikarya and brain fibers of male @entity4715 and female @entity35465 . The cross-sectional area of these perikarya increased significantly after both treatments whereas cell bodies of the posteroventral hypothalamus were slightly affected. @entity586 showed no clear effect. Fibers close to the corticotropes were sometime increased, but @entity7322 was not induced in pituitary cells. In contrast, @entity53 induced @entity7322 in @entity35 pituitary cells, but had a still controversed effect on hypothalamic galanin. A putative influence of galanin on the pituitary-gonadal axis is discussed as gonadal hormones diversely affect gonadotropes and gonosomatic indices in Anguilla.

title: Galanin-like immunoreactivity is increased in the brain of @entity53 - and XXXX -treated eels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity35465 :: ('7938', 'Species') :: ['American eels']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain of Anguilla']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity8645 :: ('MESH:D008777', 'Chemical') :: ['Methyltestosterone']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['galanin synthesis']

entities_list: @entity4715 :: ('7936', 'Species') :: ['European eels']

answer: @entity8645 :: (MESH:D008777,Chemical) :: ['methyltestosterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of irrigating the colorectal mucosa of @entity1 with a colostomy using a solution of fibers. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (10 male and 1 female; mean age, 34 y; age range, 16-49 y) with loop colostomy due to @entity130 underwent endoscopic evaluation of the rectum and the proximal and distal mucosa from the colostomy. An endoscopic score (range, 0-10) was used to quantify the intensity of the @entity32 at the mucosa. Biopsies were taken from the colostomy border and from the rectum. The mean crypt depth of the five best-oriented glands was registered. Then the diverted colorectal segment was irrigated with a solution containing 5% fibers (10 g/d) for 7 d. The @entity1 underwent repeated endoscopic and biopsy procedures, and then the colostomy was closed. RESULTS: The endoscopic score was higher (P < 0.01) at the distal border (2, 0-5) and the rectum (4, 1-10) when compared with the proximal border (0, 0-1). After treatment, the score at the diverted colon (1, 0-2) diminished (P = 0.03). The macroscopic score of the rectum also decreased after the infusion (4, 1-10, versus 3, 0-4; P = 0.03). Crypt depth at the proximal mucosa was higher than at the diverted mucosa (301 +/- 36 microm versus 205 +/- 76 microm; P < 0.01). After treatment, crypt depth at the diverted mucosa (280 +/- 64 microm) increased (P = 0.03). The rectum mucosa did not change before and after the treatment. CONCLUSION: Irrigation with fibers improves @entity32 at the defunctionalized colon.

title: Intraluminal irrigation with fibers improves XXXX and atrophy in diversion colitis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['mucosal inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the economic burden of @entity281 by calculating cost per @entity1 and disability adjusted life years lost. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Islamabad, Lahore, Faisalabad and Karachi from July 2012 to March 2013. Residential addresses and telephonic numbers of @entity779 @entity1 were taken from the records of Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Mayo and Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Civil Hospital, Karachi, and Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. A total of 250 @entity779 confirmed cases - 50 from each hospital - were randomly selected. Information regarding duration of illness and out-of-pocket expenses were collected to estimate the direct cost, while indirect cost (number of work days missed by the @entity1 ) was calculated from disability adjusted life years using Murray's formula. RESULTS: Overall, there were 162(65%) @entity1 and 88(35%) with a mean age of 30.4  13.5years. More than half 138(55%) were below 30 years of age. Socio-economically, 145(58%) belonged to low, 70(28%) middle and 35(14%) to high socioeconomic groups. Of the total, 210(84%) cases had @entity779 followed by 32(12.8%) @entity779 haemorrhagic @entity221 and 8(3.2%) @entity7643 cases. Average duration of illness was 32  7.1 days. Overall direct cost per @entity1 was Rs.35,823 (US 358) and average pre-hospitalisation, hospitalisation and post-hospitalisation was Rs.6154, Rs.21,242 and Rs.8,427 respectively. The overall disability adjusted life years per million population was 133.76. CONCLUSIONS: Although the government had provided free treatment for @entity779 in public-sector hospitals, still @entity1 had to pay Rs.21,242 during hospital stay, resulting in substantial burden which needs to be addressed.

title: Economic burden of XXXX in four major cities of Pakistan during 2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue']