abstract: Viral proteins expressed by EBV-associated @entity5 provide target Ags for immunotherapy. Adoptive T cell therapy has proven effective for posttransplant EBV-associated @entity706 in which all EBV latent Ags are expressed (type III latency). Application of immunotherapeutic strategies to @entity5 such as @entity189 and @entity978 that have a restricted pattern of EBV Ag expression (type II latency) is under investigation. Potential EBV Ag targets for T cell therapy expressed by these @entity5 include latent @entity52558 . A broad panel of epitopes must be identified from these target Ags to optimize vaccination strategies and facilitate monitoring of @entity5 -specific T cell populations after immunotherapeutic interventions. To date, @entity10553 epitopes have been identified for only a limited number of HLA alleles. Using a peptide library spanning the entire @entity10553 sequence, 25 CTL lines from @entity1 with EBV-positive @entity5 expressing type II latency were screened for the presence of @entity10553 -specific T cell populations. In 21 of 25 lines, T cell responses against one to five @entity10553 epitopes were identified. These included responses to previously described epitopes as well as to newly identified HLA-A*0206-, A*0204/17-, A29-, A68-, B*1402-, @entity4788 -, B*3501-, B53-, and HLA-DR-restricted epitopes. Seven of the nine newly identified epitopes were antigenically conserved among virus isolates from @entity5 . These new @entity10553 epitopes broaden the diversity of HLA alleles with available epitopes, and, in particular, those epitopes conserved between EBV strains provide valuable tools for immunotherapy and immune monitoring.

title: Characterization of latent membrane protein 2 specificity in CTL lines from @entity1 with EBV-positive @entity189 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumors', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: The @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ) gene is thought to be associated with essential @entity101 (EH), because NO is implicated in endothelium-mediated vasodilation. We investigated the possible association between the alleles of simple tandem repeat DNA polymorphism of the endothelial @entity9554 ( @entity9554 ) gene and EH in Japanese subjects. In all, 100 @entity1 with EH and 123 subjects with normal blood pressure were studied. Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the CA repeat site in the endothelial @entity9554 gene and alleles based on the CA repeat number were determined. The allele frequencies in the @entity101 group and normotensive group were then compared. Twenty-three alleles were identified in this study of Japanese subjects. The overall distributions of allele frequencies in the two groups were not significantly different. However, comparing the allele frequencies in the EH group without @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and the normotensive group, the overall distributions were significantly different (p = 0.019). The 33-repeat allele was found more frequently in the EH group without @entity4346 than in the normotensive group (p = 0.000047, Odds ratio = 3.71). In conclusion, the 33-repeat allele of the endothelial @entity9554 gene is associated with EH without @entity4346 , and may be a genetic marker of EH in Japanese subjects.

title: Association analysis of CA repeat polymorphism of the endothelial XXXX synthase gene with essential @entity101 in Japanese.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['constitutive NOS', 'cNOS']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LVH', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a @entity158 management quality assurance program (PQAP) after abdominal surgery. The means used were mainly based on the French Society of anaesthesiology's @entity158 management guidelines. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective evaluation using a before after study design: two audits among surgical @entity1 : a first one in 1997 before implementation of PQAP, and a second one year later. @entity1 AND METHODS: First, standards were defined including objectives about @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction. After analysis of discrepancy observed between these objectives and the data of the first audit, a @entity158 management program was introduced that included education of physicians, nurses and @entity1 , systematic assessment of @entity158 , organized @entity158 relief protocols and implementation of modern analgesic technologies. RESULTS: 201 consecutive inpatients were evaluated in the first audit, and 117 in the second one. Comparing the second audit with baseline, the visual analog @entity158 scores decreased during the five postoperative days, and the rate of very satisfied @entity1 increased (36% versus 26%). 43% of the @entity1 were given a regular analgesic medication in 1998 versus 15% in 1997. 65% of medications were administered with an effective interval between doses versus 47% in 1997. @entity1 -controlled techniques were used in 28% of the cases in 1998 versus 9% in 1997. CONCLUSION: The PQAP provided an improvement in efficacy of @entity282 management in our unit, with the help of the overall ward staff, but without requiring personnel specially qualified.

title: [Quality assurance program for XXXX management: impact of the Consensus Conference of the French Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) is a commonly used test for measuring functional performance in older @entity1 . However, apart from lower limb strength, few studies have examined the range of physiological and psychological factors that influence performance in this test. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative contributions of a range of sensorimotor, balance and psychological factors to @entity4464 in a large sample of older @entity1 . METHODS: 668 community-dwelling @entity1 aged 75-98 years (mean age 80.1, SD = 4.4) underwent the @entity4464 test as well as quantitative tests of vision, peripheral sensation, strength, reaction time, balance, fear of falling, @entity158 and vitality. RESULTS: Many physiological and psychological factors were significantly associated with @entity4464 in univariate analyses. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that a composite lower limb strength measure (sum of knee extension, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion muscle strength scores), postural sway, leaning balance as assessed with the coordinated stability test, reaction time, edge contrast sensitivity, SF12 body @entity158 and vitality scores and age were significant and independent predictors of @entity4464 . Of these measures, the combined lower limb strength measure had the highest beta weight indicating it was the most important variable in explaining the variance in @entity4464 . However, the other sensorimotor, balance and psychological measures each provided important independent information. The combined set of variables explained 40% of the variance in @entity4464 (multiple r = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that in community-dwelling older @entity1 , self-selected walking speed is influenced not only by lower limb strength but also by balance, reaction time, vision, @entity158 and emotional well-being.

title: Physiological and psychological predictors of walking speed in older community-dwelling XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['Six-metre walking speed', 'SMWS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Molecular signaling pathways that regulate peripartum cardiac remodeling are not well understood. Our objectives were to study the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase B ( @entity2308 ), and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) in mediating pregnancy and postpartum (PP) cardiac remodeling. METHODS: Adult female @entity35 were divided into nonpregnant (n = 5), 18 days pregnant (n = 5), 0 days PP (n = 7), and 14 days PP (n = 8). @entity35 underwent echocardiography under sedation to measure left ventricle (LV) size and function, and Western blots were performed to measure myocardial protein expression of MAPKs ( @entity12220 , @entity6336 , @entity2509 ), @entity2308 , and eNOS. RESULTS: 1) During pregnancy, there was an increase in LV mass (0.62 +/- 0.03 to 1.1 +/- 0.04 g, P < 0.001), mass/volume ratio (0.7 +/- 0.02 to 1.28 +/- 0.02 g/ml, P < 0.0001), and ejection fraction (EF) (64 +/- 3 to 74 +/- 2%). Whereas LV mass and mass/volume ratio returned to prepregnancy values in the PP period, EF remained below normal range (53 +/- 3%, P < 0.05). 2) The expression of anti- @entity1184 factors ( @entity12220 , @entity6336 , @entity2308 ) decreased during pregnancy and normalized PP, except @entity6336 , which increased to higher than normal levels. eNOS also increased to higher than baseline levels PP. 3) Activation of @entity12220 and @entity6336 was directly correlated with lower LV mass/volume ratio (r = -0.81 and -0.71, respectively; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy is associated with physiological @entity1283 . There is rapid reversal of @entity1184 in the PP period while recovery of cardiac function is delayed, possibly related to PP upregulation of @entity6336 . A dysregulation of MAPK signaling may be an important determinant of PP @entity299 .

title: XXXX signaling during peripartum cardiac remodeling.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower liver transplant success is observed when the donor is female. Intracellular @entity520 during @entity63 is proposed to contribute to the injury sustained by the transplanted organ and its role in livers obtained from nonheartbeating donors is unclear. Research has shown that livers of female @entity35 develop a greater degree of intracellular @entity520 during @entity63 than males. This work explores the role of sex hormones in mediating this sex difference. METHODS: Subgroups of neutered female @entity35 were given @entity53 (E), @entity1420 (P), or combination (E+P). To compare the effects of female sex hormones in males, subgroups of intact and castrated males received 17 @entity10769 . In vivo and ischemic liver biopsies were taken and analyzed for @entity880 and H. RESULTS: Although there was no effect of hormone therapy on baseline metabolic parameters, during @entity63 compared to neutered females, livers from E females significantly (P<0.01) increased @entity880 by 56% and H+ by 71%, while E+P significantly increased only @entity880 (39%; P<0.05). Livers from neutered males given 17 @entity10769 showed significantly greater (P<0.001) accumulation of @entity880 (80%) and H+ (79%). This was even shown in intact males, where despite a blunted response, 17 @entity10769 , significantly (P<0.05) increased @entity880 by 39% and H+ by 25%. CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the mechanisms for the sex difference in the liver's metabolic response to @entity63 are @entity172 mediated, which is seen even in the presence of male hormones, thus offering one explanation for the lower liver transplant success when the donor is female.

title: Impact of female sex hormones on liver tissue lactic @entity520 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: @entity3541 caused by cranial traumatism often needs surgical treatment / 28 operations were carried out on a group of 47 @entity912 @entity1 . Direct lesion of the facial nerve was in fact common / 10 compressions or contusions, 4 sections. Associated kophosis was frequent (15 cases). @entity2319 was not uncommon (11 cases). Transverse @entity174 (5 cases) and complicated @entity174 (4 cases), true to their reputation for seriousness, all needed surgery and span the four nerve sections observed. Surgery is often delayed due to extensive @entity75 requiring prolonged neuro-surgical nursing care / 16 @entity1 were operated on between the 4th and 8th weeks, 9 @entity1 after the 8th week. The operation was usually carried out through the mastoid. Posteiror lympanotomy enabled the bend and the second portion to be reached and later enabled the ossicular chain to be reconstructed. In two cases involving kophosis, the three portions of the nerve were tackled through the labyrinth. The choice depends on the audiometric, radiological and operative findings. Surgical indications depend on clinical, elecromyographic, audiometric and radiological results. A check was carried out by means of muscular tests in 23 out of 28 cases: --20 decompressions / 15 recuperations of more than 50 p. 100 of which 7 were above 75 p. 100; --3 grafts or sutures / 3 recuperations of 30 p. 100.

title: [Surgical treatment of traumatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cranio-cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Conductive deafness']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['Facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysed']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have revealed that circulating ghrelin levels seem to play a role in energy homeostasis. The effect of @entity1378 on ghrelin levels is not fully known. METHODS: Serum levels of ghrelin and its relationship with @entity2690 resistance were evaluated in 48 @entity1 with @entity1378 and 43 euthyroid healthy controls. Thyroid hormones, @entity2690 , @entity413 , ghrelin levels and lipid parameters were measured in all subjects. @entity2690 sensitivity was determined using the homeostasis model assessment. RESULTS: Serum ghrelin levels were significantly decreased in @entity1378 @entity1 than in controls (32.5 +/- 23.3 vs. 54.1 +/- 35.5 pg/ml, p < 0.001). Circulating ghrelin levels significantly correlated with age (r = -0.26, p = 0.01), fasting @entity413 (r = -0.21, p = 0.01), free @entity1954 (r = -0.18, p = 0.04), free @entity1955 (r = -0.23, p = 0.02) and thyroid stimulating hormone (r = 0.21, p = 0.04), but not with blood pressure, body mass index, lipid parameters, @entity2690 and homeostasis model assessment (p > 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed @entity413 level to be the most important predictor of circulating ghrelin level. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity1378 has effect on serum ghrelin levels. Further studies are needed for the exact mechanism.

title: Reduced serum acylated ghrelin levels in XXXX with @entity1378 .

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pancreatic @entity3 accounts for 2% of @entity1358 cases. Surgical management is typically recommended because of the limited value of immunotherapy as an effective treatment. @entity2240 recently showed clinical efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1358 . We report a series of @entity1 with pancreatic @entity3 treated with @entity2240 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a population of 15 adults with pancreatic @entity3 of @entity1358 at 1 center in France and at 2 in the United States who were treated with @entity2240 between 2005 and 2007. @entity2240 monotherapy was given at a dose of 50 mg orally in 6-week cycles, consisting of 4 weeks of treatment followed by 2 weeks of rest. All clinical and radiological data were analyzed. RESULTS: At a median followup of 20 months the overall @entity5 response using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors was 34%. Median time to relapse was 20 months. Two deaths were noted and median survival was not attained. Responses in the pancreatic @entity3 were seen in 28% of @entity1 and were stable in 72%. The main grade 3 and 4 adverse events were @entity294 in 7% of cases and fatigue in 7%. Only grade 1 increased lipase was noted in 27% of @entity1 and no increase in amylase was noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2240 is effective in @entity1 with pancreatic @entity3 . This raises the question of whether @entity1 with @entity1358 limited to the pancreas may derive greater clinical benefit from anti-angiogenic agents, rather than from aggressive surgical resection. However, surgery remains the only potential cure in @entity1 with isolated pancreatic @entity3 .

title: Response of @entity1358 pancreatic @entity3 to XXXX treatment: a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Active absorption of @entity413 stimulates passive absorption of small solutes. Part of this effect may be caused by @entity413 -induced water absorption. Increased water absorption can enhance passive solute absorption by solvent drag and by passive diffusion if the luminal solute concentration increases as water is removed from the lumen. The purpose of this research was to quantitate the contribution of these two forces when @entity413 enhances the absorption of @entity47009 . METHODS: The effect of solvent drag on @entity47009 absorption was determined by measuring the effect of water absorption stimulated by @entity2421 on @entity47009 absorption when the @entity47009 concentration was constant. The effect of diffusion on @entity47009 absorption was determined by measuring the effect of @entity47009 concentration on @entity47009 absorption when water absorption was nil. RESULTS: @entity413 increased @entity47009 absorption by 1.8 mmol.h-1 x 30 cm-1 (from 1.4 to 3.2 mmol.h-1 x 30 cm-1). The increase attributable to solvent drag was 1.03 mmol.h-1 x 30 cm-1; the increase attributable to passive diffusion was 0.75 mmol.h-1 x 30 cm-1. CONCLUSIONS: When @entity413 stimulates the passive absorption of @entity47009 , 57% of the increase can be attributed to solvent drag and 42% to passive diffusion. Because the combined effect of these two forces can account for 99% of the observed effect, virtually all of the @entity413 effect on @entity47009 absorption can be explained by @entity413 -induced water absorption.

title: Mechanism by which XXXX stimulates the passive absorption of small solutes by the human jejunum in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonicity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of @entity2816 on @entity2817 . METHODS: Excisional intestinal specimens were collected and immunohistochemical examination was carried out. The @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in vitro to exponential phase of growth, divided into six groups and synchronized for 24 hours. They were then stimulated with @entity2816 (40 - 100 microg/ml) for 72 hours. @entity98 assay was used to assess cellular proliferation. ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR and western blot were applied to detect the expression of @entity7 / @entity7738 of @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis of intestinal pathological specimens demonstrated higher expression of @entity7 . ELISA showed that the expression of @entity7 under @entity519 was obviously higher than that under normoxia [(1199.3 +/- 61.4) ng/L vs (864.7 +/- 41.2) ng/L, P < 0.05]. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot discovered that @entity2816 inhibited the expression of @entity7 / @entity7738 of HUVEC (P < 0.05). The effect of @entity2816 was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2816 can suppress the expression of @entity7738 and @entity7 in HUVEC in vitro and then inhibit @entity2817 , which may play a significant role in stopping the rebleeding in @entity1 with recurrent @entity360 .

title: [The mechanisms of @entity2816 in treatment of XXXX due to @entity519 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2817 :: (MESH:D016888,Disease) :: ['angiodysplasia']


abstract: Plasma activities of alkaline phosphatase, (AP), transaminases and total @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) with isoenzymes were determined in @entity19 inhaling 50 and 550 ppm @entity7398 (VC). The animals were also autopsied and the tissue pathology was studies. The total LDH activity was elevanted in both dose groups along with a shift to cathodic enzymes. AP was increased in animals exposed to 500 ppm and transaminases were not at all changed. Enzyme changes occurred after the appearance of @entity5 . @entity652 occurred in all animals at the higher dosage and in about half of the animals inhaling the lower dose. Subperitoneal and subcutaneous @entity5426 were frequent in both dose groups; but especially among 50 ppm animals. Only one animal had a @entity409 . No liver @entity82 was seen. All primary subperitoneal and subcutaneous @entity5 were located in fat tissue. @entity8721 was observed in two animals in the 500 ppm series. The importance of blood vessel changes in the toxicology of @entity7398 is discussed.

title: Biological effects of XXXX : an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['Telangiectasis']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Alveologenic adenomas']

answer: @entity7398 :: (MESH:D014752,Chemical) :: ['vinyl chloride']


abstract: Twenty-five cases of @entity344 were subjected to clinico-pathological studies in an attempt to correlate the prognosis with @entity5 size, mitosis, cellularity and DNA ploidy pattern. @entity1822 greater than 5cm in diameter had poorer prognosis. Those with mitotic index larger than 3.0/ @entity202 , cellularity larger than 3.0/0.0004mm2, DNA aneuploidy had poorer prognosis. By multiple regression analysis, mitotic index was useful for the prediction of @entity5 recurrence in earlier postoperative period, but cellularity, @entity5 size were useful for the prediction of recurrence in later postoperative period. As for the type of @entity5 recurrence, hematogenous @entity3 was observed in 7 cases, peritoneal dissemination in 2 and local recurrence in 4. Four cases with local recurrence had all hematogenous @entity3 . Two cases of @entity356 developing local recurrence were greater than 10cm in diameter and gastric local resection was done for them. One case was diagnosed benign @entity2909 in the rectum histologically, but after trans-anal @entity5 resection local recurrence and @entity3 to the @entity358 occurred. We must pay attention to the surgical margin and the surface of @entity5 dissection during of the @entity5 , especially in larger @entity5 . Aggressive surgical resection is efficient for the treatment of recurrent @entity5 .

title: [A clinicopathological studies on XXXX , with special reference to prognosis].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal leiomyosarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are currently some techniques of combined @entity231 and @entity726 treatment. They have been under debate for many years. We present efficacy of different techniques of combined @entity231 and @entity726 surgery MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 @entity1 (60 eyes, 21 male and 29 female), mean age 64.9+/-5.6 years enrolled in the study were divided into 3 groups in which the combined surgery were performed. Group 1: phacotrabeculectomy (20 @entity1 , 27 eyes) (FT), group 2: phacoemulsification combined with deep nonperforative sclerectomy (20 @entity1 , 23 eyes) (FS) and group 3: phacoemulsification combined with iridocleisis (10 @entity1 , 10 eyes) (FW). Measure outcomes during 6 months of follow up were: value of @entity2790 , visual acuity, pre and postoperative antiglaucoma medications ratio, @entity260 . RESULTS: There were not differences in preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) among group 1 and 2 Significantly higher IOP was assessed in group 3. Preoperative antiglaucoma medications ratio was the highest in group 3 (3.5 +/- 1.5) as compared with group 1 and 2, (2.0 +/- 1.5). Postoperatively mean value of IOP was significantly lower as compared with the value in preoperative period in each group. After 3 months of follow up the IOP lower than 20 mmHg was achieved in 81.5% eyes in group 1, 73.9% eyes in group 2 and in 40 % of eyes in group 3. Six months postoperatively the target IOP was decreased to 62.9% in group 1 and 65.2% in group 2 and slightly increased to 50% in group 3. @entity86 medications ratio was higher in group 3 (2.0 +/- 1.0), as compared with group 1 and 2, (1.5 +/- 1.0). The best visual acuity after 6 month of follow up was achieved in group 2, (0.8 +/- 0.2). More severe intraoperative complications such as: anterior chamber @entity548 as well as @entity260 eg.: @entity551 , @entity32 were noticed particularly in group 1 and 3 and @entity1143 only in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy in lowering of IOP after FT and FS is the highest within first 3 months postoperatively. In the late postoperative period the efficacy of these methods is significantly decreasing and additional conservative treatment has to be introduced. Interestingly, the efficacy of IOP normalization after FW in the late postoperative period increases. Most of @entity260 are link up on FT and FW techniques. Our results suggest that further investigations and preparing more adequate indications for surgical strategy among @entity1 with combined @entity231 and @entity726 are needed.

title: [Effectiveness of the combined surgical treatment for XXXX and @entity231 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal effusion']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'intra and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative antiglaucoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Fatigue is a frequent symptom in @entity5 @entity1 . Although the phenomenon is well known, there is no homogeneous definition. Decreased quality of life, exhaustion, @entity1295 , tiredness, malaise and @entity1395 are synonymous or overlapping terms used for this syndrome. Validated @entity1295 questionnaires show that @entity1295 and exhaustion are present in at least 75% of all @entity5 @entity1 . Fatigue and exhaustion are enhanced by chemo-, radiation- and immunotherapy as well as surgery. Fatigue in @entity5 @entity1 has many reasons and comprises physical, mental and emotional facets. The expression exhaustion should be applied for physical @entity1295 in order to differentiate this form from mental or emotional @entity1295 . Tumor @entity417 , @entity2057 and @entity5 cachexia are the decisive factors for exhaustion. Treatment of @entity1295 improves quality of life in @entity5 @entity1 and enhances their compliance. This paper gives an overview about the different types of @entity1295 and demonstrates various forms of treatment.

title: [Fatigue and exhaustion in @entity5 XXXX . Etiology, diagnosis and treatment possibilities].

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue', 'fatiguability']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the skeleton muscles']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Collagen and noncollagenous proteins of the extracellular bone matrix are able to stimulate bone cell activities and bone healing. The modification of @entity78 bone cements used as temporary bone replacement materials with these proteins seems to be a promising approach to accelerate new bone formation. In this study, we investigated adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC) on Biocement D/collagen composites which have been modified with osteocalcin and @entity8283 . Modification with osteocalcin was carried out by its addition to the cement precursor before setting as well as by functionalization of the cement samples after setting and sterilization. hBMSC were cultured on these samples for 28 days with and without osteogenic supplements. We found a positive impact especially of the @entity8283 -modifications but also of both osteocalcin-modifications on differentiation of hBMSC indicated by higher expression of the osteoblastic markers @entity1550 and bone sialo protein II. For hBMSC cultured on @entity8283 -containing composites, an increased proliferation has been observed. However, in case of the osteocalcin-modified samples, only osteocalcin adsorbed after setting and sterilization of the cement samples was able to promote initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC. The addition of osteocalcin before setting results in a finer microstructure but the biological activity of osteocalcin might be impaired due to the sterilization process. Thus, our data indicate that the initial adhesion and proliferation of hBMSC is enhanced rather by the biological activity of osteocalcin than by the finer microstructure.

title: Influence of different modifications of a XXXX bone cement on adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8283 :: ('CHEBI:15811', 'Chemical') :: ['O-phospho-L-serine', 'phosphoserine']

entities_list: @entity1550 :: ('4322', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-13']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: Post-sternotomy @entity1764 is a rare but serious complication of cardiac surgery leading to prolonged hospital stay and higher mortality. In the last decades several treatment modalities have been described, of which vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) shows the most promising results. The aim of this study is to describe clinical outcomes of VAC as compared to open packing and to predict risk factors for mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis of 113 @entity1 with @entity1764 undergoing VAC (n = 89) or open packing (n = 24) between January 2000 and July 2010. @entity1 characteristics, risk factors and procedure-related variables were analysed. @entity1851 and leukocyte counts were determined on admission and at regular intervals during hospital stay. We compared length of treatment, treatment failure, hospital stay and mortality. We also analysed risk factors predicting mortality. In-hospital mortality in the VAC group was 12.4% compared to 41.7% in the conventional group (P = 0.0032). Intensive care stay was 6.8    14.4 days with VAC therapy compared to 18.5    21.0 days with open packing (P = 0.0081). Significant risk factors for mortality were pre-operative @entity177 and @entity28 . Our findings indicate that VAC therapy is superior to open packing, resulting in shorter intensive care stay and improved survival.

title: Vacuum-assisted closure of post-sternotomy XXXX as compared to open packing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1764 :: (MESH:D008480,Disease) :: ['mediastinitis']


abstract: Conventional arteriography is considered the standard for the evaluation of @entity1 with severe @entity63 of the hand and wrist. Magnetic resonance (MR) has been shown to be a reliable noninvasive alternative to conventional arteriography. The authors prospectively evaluated this technology in 11 @entity1 with @entity2407 and severe @entity63 . MR angiograms were compared with results from surgery in seven cases and conventional arteriography in four cases. There was excellent correlation between MR angiography and the results of surgery and conventional arteriography. In all cases, MR correctly predicted the patency or lack of patency of the distal and ulnar arteries, and superficial and deep @entity6127 . In three cases, portions of the @entity6127 oriented parallel to the plane were not adequately seen. Common and proper digital arteries were incompletely seen with both conventional and MR angiography. MR angiography is a reliable noninvasive method to evaluate @entity1 with severe @entity63 , accurately depicting the peripheral vessels through the level of the @entity6127 . Anatomic vascular depiction is adequate for determination of patency of the major vessels for preoperative evaluation for reconstructive surgery and sympathectomy.

title: Magnetic resonance angiography of the hand and wrist: evaluation of XXXX with severe @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['palmar arches']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic disease', 'upper-extremity ischemic disease', 'ischemic disease of the upper extremity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Isospora belli is a protozoan that only affects @entity1 , after ingestion of Isospora's oocysts. Immunocompetent @entity1 usually do not develop the @entity281 . Immunocompromised hosts may have profuse @entity294 with other @entity344 . Treatment is based on @entity206 - @entity207 . In 2006 we performed an isolated intestinal transplantation in a @entity1 with @entity5277 . Neither rejection nor clinical problems occurred after transplant, but signs of @entity32 were seen in every protocol biopsy starting at the first month post transplant. Almost 3 months after the procedure, the @entity1 was re-admitted with @entity294 . I. belli @entity281 was diagnosed by detection of the oocysts in stool samples. Antibiotic treatment with @entity799 was initiated with excellent outcome and without relapses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of isosporosis in a small bowel recipient.

title: Isospora belli XXXX after isolated intestinal transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['ultra-short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: In recent years, numerous studies have validated the role of @entity32 in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . Several of such studies have produced compelling evidence that @entity32 participates in both, the initiation and perpetuation of the @entity731 process. Furthermore, epidemiological observations have found basal white blood cell (WBC) count is strongly associated with future @entity65 ( @entity65 ), highlighting the participation of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of the @entity2806 that occurred during an acute coronary event, in particularly during the acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Fundamentally, an @entity583 triggers a systemic response to a @entity39 characterized by @entity491 and acute-phase protein synthesis. In this setting, elevated WBC count plays a central role in the reparative process that takes place to replace the necrotic tissue for collagen. In addition to be a proxy for the intensity of the peri- @entity1188 inflammatory response, recent evidence has also shown that an elevated WBC counts, measured during the acute phase of @entity583 , to be associated with adverse outcomes. This relationship holds true even when adjusting for classical prognostic variables some of which are surrogates for the extension of the @entity1188 . WBC count prognostic value in absence of @entity39 marker elevation (like @entity1459 ), however, remains unclear and controversial. Additionally, and essentially due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and wide availability, WBC count has drawn the attention of researchers as a potential stratification tool in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ). However, a formal comparison is needed between WBC count with other inflammatory markers such high-sensitive @entity1851 to fully characterize its diagnostic accuracy.

title: Prognostic value of @entity491 in XXXX : the cinderella of the inflammatory markers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic insult', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted-area', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consistent abnormalities in peripheral indicators of autonomic activity, ie, skin conductance (SC) and heart rate (HR), have been reported in adult-onset @entity161 . Herein, we use these markers to test the hypothesis of continuity between childhood-onset @entity161 and adult-onset @entity161 . METHODS: Skin conductance and HR were recorded from 21 severely ill @entity1 and adolescents (mean age, 14.1 years) with childhood-onset (< or = 12 years) @entity161 ( @entity1 group) and from 54 age-matched controls (control group) during a rest period, a series of innocuous tones, reaction time instructions, and a simple warned reaction time task. RESULTS: During rest, @entity1 had higher rates of spontaneous SC responses (SCRs) and HRs than controls, but their SC level was marginally lower and declined more slowly over time. Half of the @entity1 , compared with 4% of the controls, failed to give SC-orienting responses to the first 2 tones. @entity1 who responded had impaired SCR magnitudes, and their habituation was more erratic than that of controls. The increase in SC level and SCR frequency at the onset of the task period was greatly attenuated in the @entity1 , so that both variables were higher in controls. @entity1 had smaller SCRs and anticipatory HR responses to the reaction time stimuli. Skin conductance nonresponding was associated with negative and total symptoms, and spontaneous SCR frequency was associated with positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The findings show similar @entity3002 in childhood-onset @entity161 to those found in adult chronic @entity161 , thus supporting the hypothesis of continuity of the childhood and adult forms of the illness. Comparisons with data from other childhood disorders suggest that the combination of low-elicited SC activity with high levels of spontaneous SC activity may be specific to @entity161 .

title: Autonomic nervous system markers of psychopathology in childhood-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in autonomic nervous system activity']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: From 1985 to 1987, 261 @entity1 (241 male, 20 female; mean age 66.5 years, range 38-90 years) were hospitalized for elective repair of @entity449 . One-hundred forty seven @entity1 (56%) had @entity453 , attested to by past history of @entity583 or @entity951 , electrocardiographic signs at rest, or abnormalities of dipyridamole @entity4214 scintigraphy (performed in 72 @entity1 ). Ten @entity1 had coronary arteriography and one @entity1 then underwent aortocoronary bypass. Only two @entity1 were not offered operation. All @entity1 operated on had perioperative monitoring using Swan-Ganz catheters. Forty-five @entity1 (17.5%) had a total of 62 postoperative events related to @entity453 . These included 40 cases of @entity741 (15%), 16 cases of @entity712 (6%), and six @entity583 (2%). There were nine (3.4%) postoperative @entity204 , four of which were due to cardiac causes (1.5%). In spite of the frequency of preexisting @entity453 and of intra- or postoperative @entity741 , surgical repair of @entity1028 was not responsible for increased perioperative cardiac morbidity or mortality. In this population of aged @entity1 , @entity1028 repair does not necessitate extending the indications for preoperative coronary arteriography or aortocoronary bypass.

title: Perioperative cardiac complications of surgical repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['left heart failure']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: The effects of hepatic artery administration of degradable starch microspheres on liver energy charge and nucleic acid anabolism were studied in @entity35 . Liver energy charge was evaluated 20 and 60 min after the injection of degradable starch microspheres. As compared to controls the microspheres had no effect on liver energy charge. The incorporation of @entity30444 , @entity5537 , and @entity1014 into liver RNA or DNA was studied 1 h after hepatic artery injection of precursor alone or together with degradable starch microspheres. @entity30444 and @entity5537 incorporation into RNA was studied in normal @entity35 and the DNA incorporation of @entity1014 in animals with regenerating livers. @entity30444 and @entity1014 were given in trace amounts. @entity5537 was given in amounts corresponding to a therapeutic dose of @entity1487 . The addition of microspheres had no effects on the incorporation of the nucleic acid precursors into RNA or DNA. Thus, in the normal liver degradable starch microspheres administered by the hepatic artery had no influence on liver energy charge or RNA anabolism in the liver. Also the microspheres had no negative effects on the DNA anabolism in proliferating liver cells.

title: Hepatic artery administration of degradable starch microspheres. I. Effect on energy charge and incorporation of precursors into XXXX liver nucleic acids.

entities_list: @entity30444 :: ('MESH:D009963', 'Chemical') :: ['orotic acid', 'Orotic acid']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity5537 :: ('MESH:D014498', 'Chemical') :: ['uracil', 'Uracil']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 with homozygous @entity4310 (HFH) have abnormalities in both @entity754 alleles, resulting in severe hypercholesterolaemia and premature @entity301 . Limited treatment options are available and the response to drug therapy has been poor. In the present paper, we have evaluated the efficacy and safety of @entity3413 at doses beyond the current maximal dose of 40 mg/day in @entity1 with HFH. After a 4 week placebo diet run-in period, 12 @entity1 with well-characterized @entity26029 were randomized to @entity3413 80 mg/day administered in three divided doses (n = 8; group 1) or 40 mg once daily (n = 4; group 2). After 9 weeks, the dose in group 1 was increased to 160 mg/day while the dose in group 2 was kept at 40 mg/day, but with the drug given in three divided doses and treatment continued for an additional 9 weeks. All 12 @entity1 completed the study and there were no serious or unexpected adverse effects. LDL- @entity165 concentrations fell by 14% at the 40 mg/day dose, but were reduced further at the higher doses (25% at the 80 mg/day and by 31% at the 160 mg/day dosage, P < 0.0001). Excretion of urinary @entity12308 , as an index of in vivo @entity165 biosynthesis, was reduced but did not correlate with reduction in LDL- @entity165 in the individual @entity1 . The magnitude of response to therapy was not predicted by the @entity754 gene defect as @entity1 with the same @entity754 mutations responded differently to the same dose of @entity3413 therapy. The ability of expanded doses of @entity3413 (80 or 160 mg/day) to reduce LDL- @entity165 levels in @entity1 with HFH, even if receptor negative, suggests that at these doses, the drug reduces LDL production. @entity3413 therapy, at doses of 80 or 160 mg/day, should therefore be considered in all @entity1 with HFH, either as an adjunct to apheresis, or as monotherapy for those @entity1 who do not have access to apheresis or other such treatment modalities.

title: Expanded-dose @entity3413 is effective in homozygous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['LDL-receptor', 'low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor']

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolaemia']


abstract: We present data from a phase II study investigating a novel treatment strategy for relapsed/ @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). Twenty-six @entity1 received @entity6985 25  mg/d (days 1-21 of a 28-d cycle) for up to 6 cycles followed by low-dose maintenance @entity6985 (15  mg) in responding @entity1 . Eight @entity1 achieved complete or partial response to give an overall response rate of 31% with median response duration of 22  2  months [95% confidence interval (CI) 0  0-53  6] and median progression-free survival (PFS) of 3  9  months (95% CI 0  0-11  1). An additional six @entity1 (23%) achieved stable disease. Eleven @entity1 received maintenance with median PFS of 14  6  months (95% CI 7  3-21  9). Correlative studies showed that peripheral T and Natural Killer (NK) cells increased in responding @entity1 by 40-60% over the first 6 cycles with an initial dip in NK cells suggestive of @entity5 infiltration. Peripheral regulatory T cells were increased in @entity1073 @entity1 (P  =  0  001) and expanded further following @entity6985 . Sequential plasma analysis showed increased IL12 p40 and @entity6977 alongside decreased @entity1495 , @entity688 , and @entity1254 . Finally, a significant correlation (P  =  0  02) between gender and response suggested that female @entity1073 @entity1 were more sensitive to @entity6985 than males. In summary, we confirm the activity, safety and immunomodulatory properties of @entity6985 in @entity1073 and highlight its potential as a low-dose maintenance agent.

title: Single-agent XXXX in relapsed/ @entity1073 : results from a UK phase II study suggest activity and possible gender differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'refractory mantle cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity6985 :: (MESH:C467567,Chemical) :: ['lenalidomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1735 and fat may differ in their ability to support energy-requiring physiologic processes, such as protein synthesis and growth. If so, varying the constituents of @entity1 formula might be therapeutically advantageous. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that low-birth-weight @entity1 fed a diet containing 65% of nonprotein energy as @entity1735 oxidize relatively more @entity1735 and relatively less protein than do @entity1 fed an isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diet containing 35% of nonprotein energy as @entity1735 . DESIGN: Sixty-two low-birth-weight @entity1 weighing from 750 to 1600 g at birth were assigned randomly and blindly to receive 1 of 5 formulas that differed only in the quantity and quality of nonprotein energy. Formula containing 544 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1) with either 50%, 35%, or 65% of nonprotein energy as @entity1735 was administered to control subjects, group 1, and group 2, respectively. Groups 3 and 4 received gross energy intakes of 648 kJ x kg(-1) x d(-1) with 35% and 65% of nonprotein energy as @entity1735 . Protein intake was targeted at 4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1). Substrate oxidation was estimated from biweekly, 6-h measurements of gas exchange and 24-h urinary @entity1568 excretion. RESULTS: @entity1735 oxidation was positively (r = 0.71, P < 0.0001) and fat oxidation was negatively (r = -0.46, P < 0.001) correlated with @entity1735 intake. Protein oxidation was negatively correlated with @entity1735 oxidation (r = -0.42, P < 0.001). Fat oxidation was not correlated with protein oxidation. Protein oxidation was less in @entity1 receiving 65% of nonprotein energy as @entity1735 than in groups receiving 35% nonprotein energy as @entity1735 . CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that energy supplied as @entity1735 is more effective than energy supplied as fat in sparing protein oxidation in enterally fed low-birth-weight @entity1 .

title: Effects of quality of energy on substrate oxidation in enterally fed, low-birth-weight XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many growth factors influence the bone healing cascade. Furthermore, the occasional failure of bone repair may in part be due to perturbation in the activation of local growth factors. Local activation of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) at the @entity174 site may serve to increase neovascularization, and induce early granulation formation that can affect bone healing. METHODS: We have performed a @entity35 parietal (6 x 3 mm) @entity3124 ( @entity3124 ). @entity1 recombinant @entity10494 (hraFGF) imbided in agarose was topically administered at the craniectomy site. Control animals received agarose alone in the same manner. Three weeks after surgery, osteopromotion was histologically evaluated. RESULTS: hraFGF-treated animals show a continuous bridge of regenerated bone extending from one edge of the defect to the other. None of the parietal defects that had been treated with agarose contained new bone in the central portion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest an important role of FGFs to promote large cranioplasty repair and support the use of these proteins as an alternative choice for bone grafts and bone substitutes.

title: Osteopromotion for cranioplasty: an experimental study in XXXX using @entity10494 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical size defect', 'CSD']

entities_list: @entity10494 :: ('25317(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['acidic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the surgical procedure, its results, and its complications and to determine whether @entity1 are satisfied with surgical reduction of labia minora in cases of @entity1184 . STUDY DESIGN: The records of 163 @entity1 who underwent reduction of the labia minora during a 9-year period were reviewed. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 12 to 67 years (median, 26). Motives for requesting surgery were aesthetic concerns in 87% of the cases, discomfort in clothing in 64%, discomfort with exercise in 26%, and entry @entity546 in 43%. Anatomic results were assessed 1 month postoperatively. @entity1 satisfaction was assessed by means of a mailed questionnaire. RESULTS: No surgery-related significant complications were noticed. Anatomic results were satisfactory for 151 @entity1 (93%). Ninety-eight completed questionnaires were returned. Eighty-one @entity1 (83%) found that the results after surgery were satisfactory. Eighty-seven (89%) were satisfied with the aesthetic result, and 91 (93%) approved the functional outcome. Four @entity1 (4%) would not undergo the same procedure again. CONCLUSION: Labia minora reduction is a simple surgical procedure associated with a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction.

title: XXXX minora: experience with 163 reductions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophy of labia']


abstract: Two total mixed rations, differing in energy and protein concentrations (diet A: 6.1 MJ/kg @entity3918 of NE(l), 112.5 g/kg @entity3918 of metabolizable protein, MP, and 101.7 g of protein digestible at the intestinal level, @entity55892 , vs. diet B: 6.4 MJ, 95.1 g of MP, 78.9 g of @entity55892 ) were administered ad libitum for 1 year to two groups of 12 buffaloes in which the partial monthly turnover of animals allowed the lactation stage to be maintained close to 160 days. The diets were formulated to obtain, with a daily intake of about 15.5 kg of @entity3918 , a balanced energy supply but an excess of protein (diet A); the opposite occurred with diet B. The average dry matter intake recorded during the trial was 14.5 kg for diet A and 15.0 kg for diet B. Milk production was similar for both groups (7.94 kg vs. 7.95 kg). The diet with a higher protein concentration brought about a significant increase in protein, casein and non-protein @entity1568 contents in the milk. A significant increase in milk fat percentage was observed when the animals were fed the diet with a higher energy concentration. The serum @entity1133 concentration (8.62 mm/l) of buffaloes fed diet A was outside the physiological range for lactating buffaloes. The energy and protein conversion efficiencies for milk production were more favourable when their supplies were balanced: 3.58 MJ of NE(l)/kg of FPCM for diet A; 2.50 g of MP or 2.07 g of @entity55892 /g of protein milk for diet B. Moreover, when the requirements were satisfied, greater energy or protein supplies failed to induce significant changes in milk yield and quality. Finally, regarding the great differences between estimated MP requirements and those recorded during the trial, the authors suggest that the equations used in the CPM-Dairy software, formulated for dairy @entity291 , are not applicable in buffaloes.

title: Use of two different dietary energy and protein contents to define nutritive requirements of lactating buffalo XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: In vitro studies indicate that mesencephalic @entity935 neurons are more vulnerable than other neurons to impairment of energy metabolism. Such findings may have bearing on the loss of @entity935 neurons in @entity191 , in which @entity2383 have been identified, but would only be relevant if the selective vulnerability were maintained in vivo. To examine this, @entity35 were stereotaxically administered various concentrations of the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, @entity12930 (0.25-4 mumol), either into the left substantia nigra or striatum. One week following injection, @entity935 and @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) levels in the mesencephalon and striatum were measured. Intranigral injection of @entity12930 caused nigral @entity935 and @entity1246 to be comparably reduced at all doses tested. The 50% dose level for @entity12930 vs. @entity935 and @entity1246 loss was 0.39 and 0.42 mumol, respectively. @entity669 hydroxylase immunocytochemistry of the midbrains of @entity35 which received an intranigral injection of @entity12930 showed normal staining with 0.25 mumol @entity12930 , but almost complete loss of @entity669 hydroxylase positive nigral pars compacta cells with 1 mumol @entity12930 . Intrastriatal injection of @entity12930 produced a loss of both @entity669 hydroxylase activity and @entity935 . In contrast to what was seen in substantia nigra, there was a greater loss of @entity935 than @entity1246 in striatal regions nearest the injection site. In striatal regions most distal to the injection site, and which received the lowest concentration of @entity12930 due to diffusion, @entity935 levels were significantly reduced with all doses of @entity12930 (0.5-4 mumol), whereas @entity1246 levels were unaffected. Intrastriatal coinfusion of succinate along with @entity12930 completely prevented the loss of @entity935 and @entity1246 indicating that @entity4588 dehydrogenase inhibition was the cause of @entity137 . These findings indicate that @entity935 terminals in the striatum of adult @entity35 are selectively more vulnerable than are the @entity1246 neurons to a mild @entity73 .

title: In vivo vulnerability of XXXX neurons to inhibition of energy metabolism.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['energy impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine', 'tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial deficiencies']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: @entity1875 is a new intravenous anesthetic which possesses the rapid induction and recovery of anesthesia. It has been approved to be used in clinical anesthesia and critical care medicine since 1989. From the dose-response study of @entity1875 , we can get the ED50 and induction dose of @entity1875 and compare those with other anesthetics. Sixty young @entity1 , ASA I-II, both sexes, were allocated into six groups of ten @entity1 . All of @entity1 did not receive premedicants. Groups I-VI were given intravenously over 25 sec 1.0 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, 1.4 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 1.8 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and recorded before and 1 min, 3 min, 5 min after the injection of @entity1875 . Induction of anesthesia by @entity1875 is considered to be successful as a @entity1 closes his eyes and does not response to simple command. As a @entity1 obeys the order to open his eyes, he is judged to emerge from anesthesia. Induction and recovery times were recorded in each successfully-induced @entity1 . Data were analyzed using Litchfield and Wilcoxon, and Student's t tests. The ED50 of @entity1875 was found to be 1.46 mg/kg (95% confidence interval: 1.35 mg/kg to 1.58 mg/kg). Induction and recovery times at 1.0 mg/kg, 1.2 mg/kg, 1.4 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg, 1.8 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg were 40 sec and 5.6 min, 38 sec and 6.0 min, 38 sec and 6.2 min, 36.8 sec and 6.7 min, 36.3 sec and 7.2 min, 35.5 sec and 7.2 min, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Dose-response relationships of XXXX in Chinese].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['Propofol', 'propofol']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: @entity900 significantly prolongs survival in end stage @entity135 but only 30-40% of @entity1 respond. Many receive chemotherapy with little or no benefit and it would obviously be advantageous to determine in advance those @entity1 likely to benefit. In 2 phase III trials of chemotherapy in end stage disease, 129 @entity1 have been treated with @entity900 , either alone or in 2-drug combination with @entity1732 , @entity1499 or @entity1487 . Factors analysed in the entire group were age, sex, site, previous treatment, performance status and the use of @entity900 in combination. A high albumen and oro- or nasopharyngeal site were significantly favourable, while a hypopharyngeal, middle ear, skin or paranasal site were all significantly unfavourable. In the separate analysis of the subgroup with recurrent disease, site of recurrence and time to recurrence were analysed in addition to the factors named above. Although similar trends to those in the entire group were observed none reached significant levels. In the subgroup with advanced previously untreated disease, histological grade was analysed in addition to the above factors. Good performance status emerged as significantly favourable. The emerging trends provide some insight regarding outcome but are not sufficiently clearcut to allow a decision to be made on who should and who should not be treated.

title: Factors predicting response of end stage squamous cell XXXX to @entity900 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum', 'Cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: A total of 110 @entity1 with @entity1607 was admitted to a prospective trial and randomly allocated to 2 groups: 1 group treated with in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and 1 group treated with ureteral manipulation before ESWL. All @entity1 had solitary @entity1607 without @entity293 . The stones had to be smaller than 1 cm. and located more than 2 cm. lateral to the spine. ESWL was performed with the Dornier @entity16237 lithotriptor. One @entity1 in the in situ ESWL group had to be treated twice because disintegration of the stone was insufficient after the initial treatment session. All other @entity1 underwent only 1 treatment session. Because 16 @entity1 were lost to followup, 94 were evaluable for the analysis of immediate and long-term results. For disintegration of the stones in situ ESWL needed significantly more shock waves (1,844 +/- 639 versus 1,297 +/- 473, p < 0.001) and a higher voltage (19.5 +/- 1.4 versus 18.7 +/- 0.9 kv., p < 0.001). There were no severe complications in either treatment group. At 3 months 44 of 46 @entity1 (96%) after in situ ESWL and 45 of 48 (94%) after ureteral manipulation before ESWL were free of stones. In view of these results it is suggested that uncomplicated @entity1607 (as defined previously) should be treated first with in situ ESWL, thus, avoiding an invasive procedure.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in situ or after push-up for XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['upper ureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1607 :: (MESH:D014514,Disease) :: ['upper ureteral calculi']


abstract: Beat-to-beat heart rate variability analysis is a powerful tool for the diagnosis of @entity16 . Respiration-related heart rate variability (respiratory sinus @entity943 , RSA) reflects the function of parasympathetic nervous system during spontaneous ventilation while awake. RSA is also claimed to monitor the depth of anaesthesia. Power spectrum analysis or various averaging techniques of the heart rate variability are usually applied. The current literature, however, does not usually interpret the ground rules and limitations of the method used, and this may sometimes lead to erroneous conclusions on the data. The aim of our study was to compare and analyse critically the performance of different methods of evaluating RSA during anaesthesia and positive pressure ventilation. Power spectrum analysis, the root mean square of the successive RR-interval difference (RMSSD), and two respiration related methods, RSA index and average phase RSA, were included in the comparison. To test these methods, 11 @entity1 were anaesthetised with @entity5161 and their lungs were ventilated mechanically with a frequency of 6 cycles @entity1009 . Each @entity1 received a bolus dose of @entity3897 (20 micrograms kg-1) during the trial. Electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram and tracheal pressure signal from respirator were recorded and analyses were performed off-line. We demonstrated that general indices, such as RMSSD, may be strongly affected by heart rate level and other non-respiration related variations in heart rate. We also showed that the effect of unwanted fluctuations on RSA can be reduced with respiration dependent beat-to-beat methods. Furthermore we confirmed that in addition to the amplitude, also the pattern of respiratory sinus @entity943 is of interest: the pattern is reversed in phase compared to spontaneous @entity1353 while awake, as we have shown earlier. To analyse RSA during anaesthesia, we recommend the use of an average phase RSA method based on beat-to-beat variability that shows both the amplitude and pattern of RSA. Finally, no measure of RSA should be used without a presentation of the actual beat-to-beat heart rate curve.

title: Respiratory sinus XXXX during anaesthesia: assessment of respiration related beat-to-beat heart rate variability analysis methods.

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Abstract Fear-avoidance beliefs and catastrophizing have been implicated in @entity1118 and theoretical models have been developed that feature these factor in the transition from acute to @entity1118 . However, little has been done to determine whether these factors occur in the general population or whether they arc associated with the inception of an episode of @entity615 . The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effects of fear-avoidance beliefs and catastrophizing on the development of an episode of self-reported @entity158 and associated physical functioning. To achieve this, we selected a sample of 415 @entity1 from the general population who reported no spinal @entity158 during the past year. At the pretest a battery of questionnaires was administered to assess beliefs about @entity158 and activity and it featured the Pain Catastrophizing Scale and a modified version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire. One year later outcome was evaluated by self-reports of the occurrence of a @entity158 episode as well as a self-administered physical function test. The results showed that scores on both fear-avoidme and cabstrophizing were quite low. During the one year follow-up, 19% of the sample suffered an @entity615 . Those with scores above the median on fear-avoidance beliefs at the pretest had twice the risk of suffering an @entity615 and a 1.7 times higher risk of lowered physical function at the follow-up. Catastrophizing was somewhat less salient, increasing the risk of @entity158 or lowered function by 1.5. but with confidence intervals falling below unity. These data indicate that fear-avoidance beliefs may be involved at a very early pint in the development of @entity158 and associated activity problems in @entity1 with @entity615 . Theoretically. our results support the idea that fear-avoidance beliefs may develop in an interaction with the experience of @entity158 . Clinically, the results suggest that catastrophizing and particularly fear-avoidance beliefs are important in the development of a @entity158 problem and might be of use in screening procedures.

title: Are fear-avoidance beliefs related to the inception of an XXXX ? A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'episode of back pain', 'neck or back pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['episode of back pain']


abstract: We previously showed that the natural herb Coptidis rhizoma has an anticachectic effect in @entity19 bearing @entity1 @entity418 cells. We further investigated this phenomenon by examining the anticachectic effect of C. rhizoma in syngeneic @entity19 bearing colon 26/clone 20 @entity189 cells, which cause @entity777 -related @entity3085 after cell injection. We evaluated nutritional parameters such as serum @entity413 level and wasting of adipose tissue and muscle in @entity5 -bearing and non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 treated with C. rhizoma (CR) supplement or a normal diet. @entity777 levels in those @entity19 were quantified by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. CR supplementation significantly attenuated @entity353 in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 without changing food intake or @entity5 growth. Furthermore, these @entity19 maintained good nutritional status. @entity777 mRNA levels in @entity5 and spleens and @entity777 protein levels in @entity5 and sera were significantly lower in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 treated with CR supplement than in those treated with a normal diet. CR supplementation did not affect food intake, body weight, nutritional parameters and @entity777 levels in non- @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . An in vitro study showed that C. rhizoma and its major component, @entity7652 , inhibited IL-1-induced @entity777 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner in colon 26/clone 20 cells. Our results showed that C. rhizoma exerts an anticachectic effect on colon 26/clone 20-transplanted @entity19 and that its effect is associated with @entity5 @entity777 production. We also suggest that its effect might be due to @entity7652 .

title: Anticachectic effects of the natural herb Coptidis rhizoma and XXXX on @entity19 bearing colon 26/clone 20 adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity7652 :: ('MESH:D001599', 'Chemical') :: ['berberine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7652 :: (MESH:D001599,Chemical) :: ['berberine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity in the United States. The burden of @entity1902 in ambulatory US @entity1 is not well understood. METHODS: Cause-specified and cause-unspecified @entity1902 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and outpatient visits during July 2001-June 2009 were extracted from MarketScan insurance claim databases. By using cause-specified encounters, time-series regression models were fitted to predict the number of unspecified @entity1902 visits due to specific pathogens other than norovirus. Model residuals were used to estimate norovirus visits. MarketScan rates were extrapolated to the US population to estimate national ambulatory visits. RESULTS: During 2001-2009, the estimated annual mean rates of norovirus-associated @entity341 and outpatient visits were 14 and 57 cases per 10 000 @entity1 , respectively, across all ages. Rates for ages 0-4, 5-17, 18-64, and >= 65 years were 38, 10, 12, and 15 @entity341 visits per 10 000 @entity1 , respectively, and 233, 85, 35, and 54 outpatient visits per 10 000 @entity1 , respectively. Norovirus was estimated to cause 13% of all @entity1902 , with ~50% of such visits occurring during November-February. Nationally, norovirus contributed to approximately 400 000 @entity341 visits and 1.7 million office visits annually, resulting in  284 million in healthcare charges. CONCLUSIONS: Norovirus is a substantial cause of @entity1902 in the ambulatory setting.

title: Burden of XXXX in the ambulatory setting--United States, 2001-2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'gastroenteritis-associated ambulatory visits', 'norovirus gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['norovirus gastroenteritis']


abstract: This chapter describes temporal and geographical variations of @entity454 prevalence in France. This indicator assesses health needs of @entity454 @entity1 on dialysis or living with functional transplant. It does not include @entity1 on conservative treatment. On December 31, 2011, 70 300 @entity1 were receiving a renal replacement therapy in one of the 25 regions contributing to the registry, 39 200 (56%) on dialysis and 31 100 (44%) living with a functional renal transplant. The overall crude prevalence was 1091pmh. It was 1.6 higher in males. Prevalence was subject to regional variations with 5 regions (3 overseas) above the national rate. Renal transplant share varied from 33% in Nord-Pas-de-Calais to 53% in Pays de Loire, and from 16 to 25% in overseas regions. The overall sex and age standardised prevalence was 40, 567 and 483 pmh respectively for peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis and transplantation, with marked regional variations. The study of temporal variations for 18 regions contributing to the registry since 2007 demonstrated a +4% increase in standardised prevalence of @entity454 @entity1 with a functional transplant vs +2% increase for dialysis, resulting in a decreasing gap between dialysis and transplantation prevalence, due to an increase number of renal transplant and a longer survival of transplanted @entity1 . Such an evolution should prompt the nephrological community and health authorities to anticipate changes in the @entity454 healthcare organisation and to adapt them to the regional context.

title: [The prevalence of XXXX in 2011].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['ESRD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To formulate evidence-based guidelines on the appropriate use of space maintaining appliances to prevent or reduce the severity of @entity3232 in the permanent dentition following the @entity393 of @entity14478 . OPTIONS: Placement of lingual arch, palatal arch, band-loop, crown-loop, and intra-alveolar space maintainers. OUTCOMES: Reduced prevalence or severity of space loss in the primary or mixed dentition, reduced prevalence or severity of @entity3232 in the permanent dentition measured as significant changes in: crowding, @entity20691 , @entity3355 , Angle's class II or III occlusion, crossbite, deep overbite, deep overjet, or midline shift. EVIDENCE: Articles published from 1966 to 1996, located though Medline searches. Only clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, or large case series were considered. VALUES: Relevant clinical findings were evaluated and categorized using evidence-based methods and values established by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. A recommendation was developed for the use of space maintainers. BENEFITS, HARMS AND COSTS: The potential benefits of using space maintaining appliances include reduced prevalence or severity of: crowding, @entity20691 , @entity3355 , crossbite, excessive overbite and overjet, and poor molar relationship. Other advantages include the potential for considerable cost savings by reducing the need for future orthodontic treatment. The potential disadvantages of using space maintaining appliances include soft tissue impingement, interference with eruption of adjacent teeth, @entity158 , caries, and broken, dislodged or lost appliances. RECOMMENDATIONS: There is poor evidence to recommend for or against the use of space maintainers to prevent or reduce the severity of @entity3232 in the permanent dentition (see Table 1, Recommendation C) Decisions regarding the use of space maintainers must therefore be guided by factors other than scientific evidence.

title: Guidelines on the use of space maintainers following XXXX of @entity14478 .

entities_list: @entity14478 :: ('MESH:C565114', 'Disease') :: ['primary teeth']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['tooth impaction', 'impacted teeth']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, plaque accumulation']

entities_list: @entity20691 :: ('MESH:D014079', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic eruption']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['premature loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['premature loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the factors associated to mortality of @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). DESIGN: A retrospective observational study was made of @entity1 with severe @entity131 covering the period between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2010. SETTING: Virgen de la Vega Hospital, Salamanca (Spain). @entity1 : All @entity1 hospitalized during the consecutive study period. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: The dependent variable has been the death rate, while the independent variables were divided into two groups: epidemiological and clinical. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was the 50.84 years; 75.5% were males. The average score on the Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) was 5.09, and the average Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 30.8. Higher mortality was observed in older @entity1 with a higher ISS score. A total of 68.1% of the @entity1 in which @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was monitored showed @entity428 ( @entity428 ). The mortality rate in @entity1 with severe @entity131 was 36.8%, and was associated mainly to a lower GCS score, the existence of @entity4854 , @entity1003 , @entity519 , the presence of @entity5564 and shock. The independent mortality indicators in @entity1 with severe @entity131 were the existence of @entity5564 (OR: 32.75), the GCS score (OR: 2.65) and @entity4854 (OR: 6.08). CONCLUSIONS: The existence of @entity5564 , the GCS score and @entity4854 should be taken into account as prognostic factors in @entity131 @entity1 .

title: [Prognostic factors in severe XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial hypertension', 'intracranial pressure', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4352 (LT) B4 concentrations are increased and @entity3009 (PG) E2 concentrations are decreased in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). A study was undertaken to investigate the short term effects of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibition on exhaled LTB4 and @entity1421 concentrations in @entity1 with @entity1030 and to identify the COX isoform responsible for exhaled @entity1421 production. METHODS: Two studies were performed. A double blind, crossover, randomised, placebo controlled study with @entity5018 (400 mg qid for 2 days), a non-selective COX inhibitor, was undertaken in 14 @entity1 with stable @entity1030 , and an open label study with oral @entity13586 (25 mg once a day for 5 days), a selective @entity2247 inhibitor, was undertaken in a different group of 16 @entity1030 @entity1 . EBC was collected before and after drug treatment. Exhaled LTB4 and @entity1421 concentrations were measured with specific immunoassays. RESULTS: All @entity1 complied with treatment as indicated by a reduction in ex vivo serum @entity7489 concentrations ( @entity5018 ) and a reduction in lipopolysaccharide induced increase in ex vivo plasma @entity1421 values ( @entity13586 ) of more than 80%. Exhaled LTB4 was increased after @entity5018 (median 175.5 (interquartile range 128.8-231.5) pg/ml v 84.0 (70.0-98.5) pg/ml, p < 0.001) and exhaled @entity1421 was reduced (93.5 (84.0-105-5) pg/ml v 22.0 (15.0-25.5) pg/ml, p < 0.0001). @entity13586 had no effect on exhaled LTB4 (p = 0.53) or @entity1421 (p = 0.23). CONCLUSIONS: Non-selective COX inhibition decreases @entity1421 and increases LTB4 in EBC, whereas selective @entity2247 inhibition has no effect on these @entity1813 . @entity1421 in EBC is primarily derived from @entity9859 activity, and COX inhibition may redirect @entity1426 metabolism towards the @entity1437 pathway.

title: Effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on exhaled @entity1813 in XXXX with @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib', 'Rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['Leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Coil springs were stretched and attached to produce a compressive force across the lumbar intervertebral discs of @entity235 for up to 53 weeks. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that compressive forces applied to the intervertebral disc for a long period of time cause @entity1797 in vivo in a @entity235 model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It is a commonly held belief that high forces applied to the intervertebral disc, and to joints in general, play a role in causing @entity528 . METHODS: Coil springs were stretched and attached to produce a compressive force across the lumbar intervertebral discs (L3/L4) of 12 @entity235 . After up to a year, the @entity235 were killed, and their lumbar spines were removed and radiographed. The L3/L4 disc and the controls (T13/L1 and L4/L5) were excised and examined for visible signs of @entity528 . The discs then were assessed using immunohistochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Disc chondrocytes also were assayed for apoptosis. RESULTS: No obvious signs of @entity1797 (L3/L4) that had been under compression for up to a year could be observed. There was no disc bulging, anular fissures, or disc space @entity543 . Some changes were observed at the microscopic level, although no thickening of the endplate was apparent. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis provided significant data for all three regions of the disc (nucleus, inner anulus, and outer anulus). When comparing the compressed disc (L3/L4) with either of the control discs (T13/L1 and L4/L5), in the compressed disc: 1) the nucleus contained less proteoglycan and more collagen I and II; 2) the inner anulus contained less proteoglycan and collagen I; and 3) the outer anulus contained more proteoglycan and less collagen I. The collagen II differences for the inner and outer anulus were not significant. CONCLUSION: Compression applied to the lumbar intervertebral discs of @entity235 for up to a year does not produce @entity528 in any visible form. It does produce microscopic changes and numerical changes, however, in the amounts of proteoglycan and collagen in the nucleus, inner anulus, and outer anulus. The present results add no credence to the commonly held belief that high compressive forces play a causative role in @entity1797 .

title: Does long-term compressive loading on the intervertebral disc cause XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration in the discs', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fifty @entity1 were included in a prospective randomized trial to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities in preventing @entity2979 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: We treated 25 @entity1 with (+ISC) and 25 without (-ISC) intermittent sequential compression. Peak flow velocity ( @entity18179 ) and cross-sectional area ( @entity10002 ) of the right femoral vein were measured by Doppler ultrasound before, during, and after capnopneumoperitoneum with 14 mm Hg. RESULTS: @entity18179 was 26.4 (8.4) cm/s and @entity10002 was 1.03 (0.23) cm2 before pneumoperitoneum was induced. During @entity1661 , @entity18179 decreased to 61% of the baseline value in the (-ISC) group but remained unchanged in the (+ISC) group (t = 5.17, df = 42.8, p < 0.01). @entity10002 was 1.06 (0.22) cm2 before insufflation. It increased to 118% of the baseline in the (-ISC) group and to 108% in the (+ISC) group (t = -1.55, df = 47.1, p = 0.13). @entity18179 and @entity10002 returned to baseline values within 5 min after abdominal desufflation. CONCLUSIONS: ISC effectively neutralizes @entity2979 during laparoscopic surgery and may decrease the risk of post-operative @entity1031 complication. Therefore, it is recommended for all prolonged laparoscopic procedures.

title: Intermittent pneumatic sequential compression (ISC) of the lower extremities prevents XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal insufflation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity2979 :: ('MESH:D054070', 'Disease') :: ['venous stasis']

answer: @entity2979 :: (MESH:D054070,Disease) :: ['venous stasis']


abstract: Pharmacological agents which modulate the wound healing process by the inhibition of proliferation of fibroblasts may improve the success of @entity726 filtration surgery. Since cell proliferation is essential to the wound healing process, we targeted the surface receptors that are associated with proliferating cells. We present the effects of three such agents-purified mouse anti-human @entity69 receptor monoclonal antibody 42/6 (anti- @entity8282 -42/6), anti- @entity69 monoclonal antibody bound to a Pseudomonas exotoxin (anti- @entity8282 -PE40) and @entity310 Pseudomonas exotoxin ( @entity7790 -PE40)--on @entity1 fibroblasts from Tenon's capsule. The inhibition of @entity1 subconjunctival fibroblast proliferation by anti- @entity8282 -42/6 (with a concentration up to 25 micrograms/ml) and by anti- @entity8282 -PE40 and @entity7790 -PE40 (both with a concentration range of 5000-0.00001 micrograms/ml) was determined by colorimetric (OD), and cell counting (CC) assays over a 9-day period. Neither anti- @entity8282 -42/6 nor anti- @entity8282 -PE40 had an antiproliferative effect on the fibroblasts. @entity7790 -PE40 demonstrated an antiproliferative effect in a dose response manner. The mean 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) by OD was 32.91 micrograms/ml, while the ID50 by CC was 27.88 micrograms/ml. EGF was used as a negative control for @entity7790 -PE40 toxin. The inhibitory effect of the toxin conjugate was completely blocked by the addition of 1000 micrograms/ml of EGF. These in vitro studies show that @entity7790 -PE40 may be useful in modulating the proliferation of @entity1 ocular fibroblasts; they also give some indication of drug dosages for future in vivo testing.

title: The effects of @entity69 receptor antibody, @entity69 receptor antibody bound to Pseudomonas exotoxin and XXXX bound to Pseudomonas exotoxin on @entity1 tenon's capsule fibroblast proliferation.

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is increasing awareness of the impact of @entity28 on @entity102 including @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Until recently, a limited number of epidemiologic studies have examined the association between @entity28 and @entity740 . We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate whether @entity28 impacts on the rate of non-diabetic @entity740 progression. METHODS: The medical records of 125 non-diabetic @entity740 @entity1 in the Sheffield Kidney Institute, Sheffield, UK, who have been followed-up for around 10 years, were reviewed. Various socio-demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were retrospectively collected from the @entity1 ' database. @entity1 were categorized into normal weight, overweight and @entity28 groups. Multivariate regression analysis was used for modelling with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction per year as the dependent variable to evaluate the impact of @entity28 (BMI) on @entity740 progression. RESULTS: @entity1 studied were mostly @entity740 stage 3 with a mean GFR of 36.2 ml/min/1.73 m(2) for the control group and 44.3 ml/min/1.73 m(2) for those who were overweight or @entity28 . Baseline diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in overweight than normal weight @entity740 @entity1 (p = 0.009 and p = 0.014 respectively). On follow-up, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in overweight (p = 0.03, p = 0.005 and p = 0.003, respectively) and @entity28 (p = 0.008, p = 0.022 and p = 0.003, respectively) compared to normal weight @entity740 @entity1 . Mean follow-up @entity1674 level was significantly higher in @entity28 than normal weight @entity1 (p = 0.042). The frequency of @entity740 progression based on eGFR fall per year (>1 ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year) was 62.5% in overweight and 79.5% in @entity28 compared to 44.7% in normal weight @entity740 @entity1 (p = 0.007). However, no significant difference in the rate of progression (fall of eGFR ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year) was observed between the three groups. On multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for other covariates (age, BP and @entity644 ), baseline BMI was an independent predictor of @entity740 progression (fall in eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m(2)/year) (R(2) = 0.122 and p < 0.001). Percentage changes in BMI over the observation period did not affect the rate of eGFR decline. Young age also predicted a faster @entity740 progression. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline BMI and young age are strongly and independently associated with faster @entity740 progression based on the annual rate of eGFR fall. Prospective studies to investigate the relationship between BMI and @entity740 and its complications are warranted.

title: Influence of XXXX on progression of non-diabetic chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']