abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radiation is a well-described risk factor for differentiated @entity259 (DTC). Although the natural history of DTC following nuclear disasters and in health care workers with chronic radiation exposure (RE) has been described, little is known about DTC following short-term exposure to therapeutic medical radiation for benign disease. Here, we compare DTC morphology and outcomes in @entity1 with and without a prior history of therapeutic external RE. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 with DTC treated at The University of Chicago between 1951-1987, with a median follow up of 27 years (range: 0.3-60 years). @entity1 were classified as either having (RE+) or not having (RE-) a history of therapeutic RE. Variables examined included sex, age at RE, dose of RE, indication for RE, DTC histology, and outcome. Morphology was determined by blinded retrospective review of all available histologic slides. Outcomes were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: Of 257 DTC @entity1 , 165 (64%) were RE- and 92 (36%) were RE+, with males comprising a greater proportion of the RE+ group (43.5% vs 27.3%, p=0.01). 94.2% of DTC cases were @entity5 ; histology did not differ between RE+ and RE- cohorts (p=0.73). RE was associated with an increased median overall survival (OS), 43 years versus 38 years (hazard ratio=0.55; 95% Confidence interval (CI) [0.34-0.89], p=0.01). Survival for males in the RE- group was significantly worse than for RE- females (hazard ratio=1.78; 95% CI [1.05-3.03], p=0.03) or RE+ males (hazard ratio=2.98; 95% CI [1.39-6.38], p=0.01). Recurrence did not differ between the RE+ and RE- groups (hazard ratio=0.85; 95% CI [0.52-1.41], p=0.54), nor did DTC-specific mortality (hazard ratio=0.54; 95% CI [0.21-1.37], p=0.20). CONCLUSIONS: While DTC following RE has historically been considered a more aggressive variant than DTC in the absence of RE, our data indicate that RE+ DTC is associated with better OS than RE- DTC, especially for males. We additionally confirm recent reports of equivalent rates of @entity259 recurrence. These results warrant further investigation into the factors underlying this unexpected finding.

title: Radiation Induced Differentiated XXXX Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival but Not @entity259 -Specific Mortality or Disease Free Survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['classic papillary cancers']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity810 ( @entity810 ) requiring dialysis and @entity882 are very common and have been independently associated with mortality and morbidity in critically ill @entity1 . @entity882 is an independent risk factor for @entity810 and also a marker of disease severity. There is a paucity of literature on the prevalence, incidence, and outcome of @entity882 in @entity1 receiving @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We aimed at identifying the impact of @entity882 on @entity1 in the intensive care unit (ICU) with @entity810 requiring @entity8 . METHODS: We retrospectively studied consecutive adult @entity1 admitted to the ICU from December 9, 2006 through December 31, 2009, with follow-up for 12 months who received @entity8 . @entity882 was defined as platelet counts of <150,000/  l and severe @entity882 as platelet counts of <50,000/  l. Outcomes were mortality and length of stay, both in ICU and hospital. Descriptive summary and multivariable regression model were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Out of the 541 @entity1 studied, @entity882 was observed in 350 (65%) prior to the initiation of @entity8 , and 107 (20%) developed it after @entity8 was started. The average age of @entity1 was 61    15; 328 (61%) were @entity1 . @entity295 was present in more than half of the @entity1 requiring @entity8 . We found a graded increase (p = 0.01) in ICU mortality with worsening platelet counts; 33, 40, and 51% of @entity1 died in ICU with platelet counts >= 150,000/ l, 50,000-149,000/ l, and  <=50,000/  l, respectively. @entity882 prior to the initiation of @entity8 and severe @entity882 prior to and following the initiation of @entity8 were associated with increased ICU mortality (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity882 is very common in ICU @entity1 who are on @entity8 , and both @entity882 prior to the start of @entity8 and severe @entity882 developing after the initiation of @entity8 significantly impact @entity1 survival. Future large-scale prospective studies will help to explore the role of platelet in prognostication of outcome among @entity8 @entity1 .

title: Association of @entity882 and Mortality in Critically Ill XXXX on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CRRT', 'continuous renal replacement therapy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity3909 in @entity1 is refractory to most attempts at therapy and has a grave prognosis. As part of a search for new agents to treat @entity3909 , the @entity137 of a series of antitumor agents administered through an implanted catheter directly into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the lumbar spinal cord of 200- @entity35 has been examined. The highest non-toxic dose (HNTD) of the agents producing no signs of histological @entity66 , or neurobehavioral changes was @entity1732 (80 micrograms), @entity2592 (640 micrograms), @entity2699 (1 microgram), @entity632 (20 micrograms), @entity1487 (150 micrograms), @entity1499 (1000 micrograms), @entity1138 (10 micrograms), and @entity29890 (800 micrograms). No @entity137 was observed at the highest dose that could be administered because of limited solubility of @entity3600 (100 micrograms), or @entity29601 (70 micrograms). The @entity35 model gave reasonable prediction of the @entity137 of antitumor agents that have been administered intra-CSF to @entity1 but with a tendency to underpredict @entity137 . The antitumor activity of the agents administered intra-CSF at the HNTD against a Walker 256 @entity6962 model for @entity3909 in the @entity35 was examined. @entity29601 , @entity632 , @entity1499 , and @entity1138 gave a 25% or greater increase in lifespan and @entity29601 and @entity1138 gave some long-term survivors. BCNU, @entity1732 and @entity1487 gave less than a 25% increase in lifespan. When @entity1138 was administered intra-CSF at the HNTD and @entity29601 at the limit of solubility daily for 4 days there was no @entity137 and an increase in survival of Walker 256 @entity6962 tumored animals compared to animals administered a single daily dose. Intrathecal @entity29601 was more active against @entity25970 than i.v. @entity29601 . Intravenous @entity1499 had no activity against @entity25970 . We conclude that intra-CSF administration of some anticancer agents such as @entity29601 and @entity1138 at doses that do not produce @entity137 can significantly increase the survival of @entity35 with experimental @entity3909 .

title: @entity137 of intrathecally administered cytotoxic drugs and their antitumor activity against an intrathecal Walker 256 @entity6962 model for @entity3909 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity29890 :: ('MESH:D013721', 'Chemical') :: ['triethylene phosphoramide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['damage, motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity29601 :: ('MESH:C029108', 'Chemical') :: ['diaziquone', 'Diaziquone']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis', 'Meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity25970 :: ('MESH:D002279', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal Walker 256 carcinosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Considerable @entity911 exists regarding the definition of @entity8625 . We have proposed a list of strict criteria, limiting the term @entity8625 to those @entity1 whose blast cells co-express lymphoid and myeloid characteristics. This system includes cytochemical, immunologic, molecular, and cytogenetic characteristics that are strongly associated with either lymphoid or myeloid lineages. As more information becomes available, the criteria for @entity8625 will undoubtedly change. Identification of @entity1 with @entity8625 and @entity1778 (lineage switch) is important for determining the prognostic implications of these findings. Care must be taken in identifying cases of @entity1778 because of the increased incidence of second @entity5 following aggressive therapy. Evidence of a recurrence of the original clone must be obtained before @entity1778 can be diagnosed. As with mixed-lineage and @entity1778 , the potential clinical and prognostic implications of @entity706 with antigenic asynchrony should be identified. The asynchronous antigen expression in @entity981 may provide a means for detecting @entity41 . Detection of minimal @entity1778 is possible because these blasts differ from the predominant population of normal lymphoid cells in their expression of cell surface markers. Study of the mechanisms that lead to these @entity1778 may result in better understanding of the processes that underlie both normal hematopoietic differentiation and leukemogenesis. An understanding of these @entity1778 may also permit identification of cases that are destined to fail current therapies so that more intensive or selective therapy can be instituted for such @entity1 . Curing the 30% of @entity1 with @entity981 that relapse despite our best efforts should be one of the top priorities for pediatric oncologists.

title: XXXX and asynchronous antigen expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'leukemic lymphoblasts']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid leukemias']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['minimal residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['residual leukemia', 'unusual leukemias', 'metachronous leukemia', 'leukemias', 'metachronous leukemias']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['mixed-lineage leukemia', 'acute mixed-lineage leukemia']

answer: @entity8625 :: (MESH:D015456,Disease) :: ['Mixed-lineage leukemia']


abstract: A recent single-site study (Fisher et al., 2009. Am J Psychiatry. 166 (7) 805-11) showed that repeated training with the Brain Fitness Program ( @entity31275 ) improved performance on a battery of neuropsychological tasks. If replicated these data suggest an important non-pharmacological method for ameliorating @entity73 in @entity161 . Our study evaluated the @entity31275 training effects in an open-label, multi-site, multinational clinical trial. Fifty-five stable adult @entity1 with @entity161 on regular antipsychotic medication completed >=  32 @entity31275 training sessions over 8-10 weeks. Training effects on cognitive performance and functional capacity outcome measures were measured using CogState   @entity161 battery, UCSD Performance based Skills Assessment (UPSA-2) and Cognitive Assessment Interview (CAI). @entity31275 training showed a large and significant treatment effect on a training exercise task (auditory processing speed), however this effect did not generalize to improved performance on independent CogState   assessment. There were no significant effects on UPSA-2 or CAI scores. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing @entity31275 training in a multi-site study. However, @entity31275 training did not show significant treatment effects on cognitive performance or functional capacity outcome measures despite showing large and significant effects on a training exercise.

title: Computerized cognitive remediation training for XXXX : an open label, multi-site, multinational methodology study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peroperative peritoneal @entity130 activates a cascade of peritoneal defense mechanisms responsible for @entity86 formation. The same cascade seems to play a role in the process of @entity5 recurrence. Icodextrin is a @entity413 polymer solution that is absorbed slowly from the peritoneal cavity, allowing prolonged "hydroflotation" of the viscera, thereby decreasing adhesion formation. This study evaluated the adhesion-preventing properties of icodextrin and its effect on peritoneal @entity3 . METHODS: Reproducible @entity35 models of peritoneal @entity130 were used, allowing semiquantitative scoring of adhesion formation or @entity5 load. In one experiment, peritoneal @entity130 was inflicted; one group was treated by peroperative intra-abdominal instillation of 7.5% icodextrin, one by instillation of RPMI (placebo), and one had no instillate (controls). In another experiment involving a different model of peritoneal @entity130 , the coloncarcinoma cell line CC531 was injected intraperitoneally to induce @entity5 load, again using these three groups. RESULTS: Treatment of peritoneally traumatized @entity35 with icodextrin caused a 51% reduction in @entity86 formation ( P < .001). However, peroperative intra-abdominal treatment with @entity25508 did not affect intraperitoneal @entity5 cell adhesion and growth of free @entity5 cells in @entity35 with this model of severe peritoneal @entity130 . CONCLUSION: A 7.5% icodextrin solution is effective in reducing postoperative adhesions without promoting @entity5 recurrence and therefore may prove useful and safe in oncologic surgery.

title: Icodextrin reduces @entity86 formation in @entity35 without affecting peritoneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25508 :: ('MESH:C105834', 'Chemical') :: ['icodextrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: AIM: The author examined psychiatrically a group of 100 ambulatory @entity1 with @entity565 . The special interest of the study was the careful analysis of the time, context and content of different @entity130 that the @entity1 had throughout their lives. METHODS: 100 consecutive adults with confirmed, physician-diagnosed @entity117 -induced @entity565 underwent @entity146 interview and assessment using M.I.N.I 5.0, Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity4697 And @entity8396 Scale (PAS). Psychiatric assessment was performed by an experienced liaison psychiatrist according to ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnosis. There were 66 @entity1 (66%) and 34 @entity1 (34%). The average age was 52.7 (SD = 12.3) for @entity1 and 48.8 (SD = 13.0) for @entity1 . RESULTS: In the group of 100 @entity1 with @entity565 , @entity1 were a majority (66%) with higher level of @entity148 and @entity308 than @entity1 . It may be due to specific @entity204 of an emotionally close @entity1 , which occurred in adulthood. This kind of @entity130 may have an impact on the aetiology of both @entity4697 and @entity308 . @entity1 are more exposed to this sort of @entity130 due to their social role. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible, that @entity130 affects the development, course and severity of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity748 @entity1 .

title: [Comorbidity of XXXX -induced @entity565 , @entity4697 and @entity308 versus gender and presence of profound @entity130 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['Panic', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity8396 :: ('MESH:D000379', 'Disease') :: ['Agoraphobia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['trauma of suffering and/or death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['psychological traumas', 'psychological trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: This study was undertaken to determine if @entity3575 and @entity681 could produce dose-related suppression of hemodynamic and hormonal responses to surgical stimulation. Eighty @entity1 scheduled for elective CABG were studied in two consecutive protocols: protocol I was a randomized double-blind study of 40 @entity1 who received a single dose of @entity3575 (50 or 100 micrograms/kg) or @entity681 (10, 20, or 30 micrograms/kg). Hemodynamic measurements and hormonal concentrations (renin, @entity1369 , @entity701 , and @entity2661 ) were determined before and after induction and after intubation and sternotomy. Protocol II was an open randomized study of 40 @entity1 who received @entity681 in one of four doses: 30 micrograms/kg as a single dose, 10 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.05 microgram.kg-1.min-1, 20 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.1 microgram.kg-1.min-1, or 40 micrograms/kg plus infusion 0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1. Hemodynamic measurements and plasma @entity681 and @entity2922 concentrations were determined before and after induction and after intubation, sternotomy, and aortic cannulation. Both protocols defined a hemodynamic response as a 15% or more @entity101 (SBP) from control and a hormonal response 50% or more increase over control. During protocol I, 18 @entity1 had a hemodynamic response (average increase in SBP 22.6 +/- 2%) and 35 @entity1 had a total of 59 hormonal responses. During protocol II, 24 @entity1 had a hemodynamic response (average increase in SBP - 31 +/- 3%) and there were 15 @entity2922 responses. There were no differences between dose groups in either protocol. It was concluded that in these dose ranges, suppression of hemodynamic or hormonal stress responses is not related to opioid dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity681 anesthesia revisited: how much is enough?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['Fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the indications of the therapies for @entity309 ( @entity309 ) with neural network model analysis. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-seven @entity1 were included in the clinical trial from 9 clinical centers. They were randomly divided into Western medicine (WM) treated group, 194 cases; and traditional @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) treated group, 203 cases. A complete physical examination and 18 common clinical manifestations were prepared before the randomization and after the treatment. The WM therapy included voltaren extended action tablet, @entity1499 and @entity3378 . The @entity1058 therapy included Glucosidorum Tripterygii Totorum Tablet and syndrome differentiation treatment. The American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) was taken as efficacy evaluation. All data were analyzed on SAS 8.2 statistical package. The relationships between each variable and efficacy were analyzed, and the variables with P<0.2 were included for the data mining analysis with neural network model. All data were classified into training set (75%) and verification set (25%) for further verification on the data-mining model. RESULTS: Eighteen variables in @entity1058 and 24 variables in WM were included in the data-mining model. In @entity1058 , morning @entity2693 , swollen joint number, peripheral immunoglobulin M (IgM) level, @entity2720 , tenderness, @entity309 factor (RF), @entity1851 (CRP) and joint @entity158 were positively related to the efficacy, and disease duration and more urination at night negatively related to the efficacy. In WM, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), weak waist, white fur in tongue, joint @entity158 , joint @entity2693 and swollen joint were positively related to the efficacy, and yellow fur in tongue, red tongue, white blood negatively related to the efficacy. In the analysis with the neural network model in the @entity1 of verification set, the predictive response rates of 20% @entity1 would be 100% and 90% in the treatment with @entity1058 and WM, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neural network model analysis, based on the full clinical trial data with collection of both traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine diagnostic information, shows a good predictive role for the information in the efficacy in @entity309 .

title: [Predictive role of diagnostic information in treatment efficacy of XXXX based on neural network model analysis].

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA', 'rheumatoid']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Chinese herbal medicine']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness joint number']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to compare volume change in @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and white matter (WM) in a group of subjects with anosmia and a healthy control group. We tried to find a regular pattern of @entity194 within and between @entity62 and WM and to determine whether any particular areas are more sensitive to olfactory injury. METHODS: There were 19 anosmic @entity1 and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. We acquired MR images on a 3-T scanner and performed voxel-based morphometry using the VBM8 toolbox and SPM8 in a MATLAB   (MathWorks  , Natick, MA) environment. RESULTS: @entity1 with anosmia showed a significant decrease in @entity62 volume, mainly in the anterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, anterior insular cortex and cerebellum. In addition, we observed volume decreases in smaller areas such as the piriform cortex, the inferior temporal gyrus, the precuneus and the subcallosal gyrus. All WM areas with @entity194 were near those @entity62 areas that experienced @entity393 . There was more @entity194 in @entity62 areas corresponding to WM areas with more @entity393 . Atrophy increased with disease duration. CONCLUSION: There is simultaneous @entity194 in @entity62 and WM, and the degree of @entity194 is greater with longer disease duration. Different @entity62 and WM areas have different sensitivities to olfactory injury. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study examines the @entity194 pattern in and between @entity62 and WM-a subject that has not been widely researched previously.

title: A voxel-based morphometry study of anosmic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['GM', 'grey matter']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'volume atrophy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28 has @entity3082 proportions world-wide. Its risk factors are poorly studied, especially among @entity1 in developing countries such as Algeria. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the prevalence and risk factors of @entity28 in Algerian schoolchildren 6 to 8 years aged by conducting a school-site retrospective cohort study in Tlemcen Department (western Algeria).Material and Mthods: From 2008 to 2010, socio-demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), physical activity categories, lifestyle and nutritional habits of 1520 @entity1 (839 @entity1 and 681 @entity1 ), at entrance into primary school, were recorded using a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 1520 @entity1 , 99 (6.5%) were @entity28 . Birthweight  <= 2.5 kg and >=  4 kg, early introduction of solid foods and low physical activity were significantly associated with @entity28 (p<0.001). Additionally, mother's and grandmother's BMI >= 30 kg/m(2), fewer @entity1 in the household, higher parental education, household income and the presence of @entity28 may predispose significantly to @entity28 (p<0.001). Furthermore, @entity1 's BMI was significant positively correlated with total energy, fat and @entity10194 ( @entity10194 ) intakes (p<0.01). Mother's and grandmother's BMI were significant positively correlated with @entity1 total energy, fat and @entity10194 intakes. Physical activity score was significant negatively correlated with @entity1 total energy, fat and @entity10194 (p<0.01) intakes in @entity28 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Mother's and grandmother's @entity28 , excess energy and fat intakes and low physical activity are the strong predictors of @entity28 in Algeria. Preventive measures should focus on the promotion of physical activity and maternal and @entity1 nutritional education.

title: Predictive Factors of XXXX and their Relationships to Dietary Intake in Schoolchildren in Western Algeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'child', 'children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid', 'SFA']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'childhood obesity', 'familial obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['reached epidemic']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity9681 ( @entity1823 ) are uncommon @entity5 . Because of their rarity, little is known of their natural history or response to treatment. We reviewed 22 @entity1 with @entity1823 who were seen at our center between 1949 and 1990. The distribution of male and female @entity1 was nearly equal, and the mean age was 42. Most @entity1 were admitted with @entity158 or a mass, and eight of 22 @entity5 were functional. No significant difference was noted in duration of symptoms, size of the @entity5 , or survival between functional and nonfunctional @entity5 . Eleven of 22 (50%) @entity1823 metastasized and were therefore classified as malignant. Five-year and 10-year disease free survival rates were 19% and 19% for @entity5 not resected and 75% and 45% for those completely resected. Once @entity3 occurred, the 5-year survival rate was 36%, but no @entity1 survived beyond 76 months. Predictors of survival included complete resection of the @entity5 but not size or functional status. Although some @entity1 who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy had clinical responses, a survival benefit could not be shown. @entity1823 have a high rate of malignant behavior and should be treated aggressively with operation. Late @entity3 are not uncommon, and prolonged follow-up is necessary. Once @entity3 have occurred, some @entity1 may have prolonged survival.

title: XXXX : natural history and response to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9681 :: ('MESH:C565335', 'Disease') :: ['Extraadrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity9681 :: (MESH:C565335,Disease) :: ['Extraadrenal retroperitoneal paragangliomas']


abstract: The authors report a nulliparous @entity1 presenting with @entity249 and @entity4089 . She underwent transsphenoidal surgery after radiological investigation disclosed an enlarged pituitary gland which did not respond to @entity2847 therapy. The removed tissue had histological features consistent with adenohypophysitis including a @entity2617 . The lymphocyte subsets present in the infiltrate were characterized by immunohistochemical methods to establish the contribution of different elements of the cellular immune response. Lymphocytes bearing CD4 antigen (helper-inducer cells) were most prominent and appeared to bear the majority of the @entity1199 receptor (expressed during lymphocytic activation) present in the pituitary gland. A few B lymphocytes were also observed. The location of the major histocompatibility antigen (classes I and II) and @entity1199 receptor correlated with the lymphocytes and macrophages rather than with the stromal or parenchymal elements of the pituitary. Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis is an unusual cause of pituitary enlargement which can mimic a @entity977 , and is sometimes associated with @entity4089 . In @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age, it almost always occurs during pregnancy or the postpartum stage. The @entity792 reported here has not previously been associated with @entity249 nor has the lymphocytic infiltrate of the pituitary previously been analyzed in detail by modern immunological methods.

title: Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis presenting as XXXX . Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: 1. A preparation of the ferret @entity825 in vitro was used to examine the effects of three selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists on lysozyme secretion from submucosal gland serous cells and epithelial albumin transport into tracheal mucus following sustained, submaximal stimulation of mucus production with @entity2710 (20 microM). 2. @entity13604 , @entity3045 and @entity3047 all enhanced @entity2710 -induced albumin output. @entity3047 was 10,000 times more potent than @entity3045 , and @entity3045 was slightly more potent than @entity13604 . The concentrations required to increase albumin output by 100% (EC100%) were 1.4 nM, 0.7 mM and approximately 1.0 mM for @entity3047 , @entity3045 and @entity13604 , respectively. All three agonists inhibited @entity2710 -induced lysozyme output, with @entity3045 being 60 times more potent than @entity3047 , and @entity3047 being approximately 100 times more potent than @entity13604 . 3. The selective @entity2162 antagonist, @entity10342 , inhibited the increase in albumin output produced by @entity3047 , but much more potent at inhibiting the response to @entity3045 ; the pA2 for @entity10342 was 5.55 and 7.18 (P less than 0.001) when the agonist was @entity3047 and @entity3045 , respectively. @entity10342 also attenuated the inhibition of lysozyme output produced by the two agonists, but was 10-30 times more potent at inhibiting this response than the albumin response to @entity3047 and @entity3045 . 4. The greater potency (4-5 orders of magnitude) of @entity3047 , compared to the beta 1- ( @entity13604 ) and @entity2263 - ( @entity3045 ) adrenoceptor selective agonists, in stimulating @entity2710 -induced albumin transport suggests that tracheal epithelium possess an atypical, or @entity21276 similar to that previously reported for adipocytes and gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The weak antagonism of the response to @entity3047 by @entity10342 would also be consistent with an atypical adrenoceptor mediating the albumin transport response. Inhibition of @entity2710 -induced serous cell lysozyme output would appear to be mediated predominantly by beta2-adrenoceptors.5. In view of the possible beneficial protective effects of albumin in airway surface liquid, selective @entity1093 -agonists like @entity3047 might have potential value in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory airway disease.

title: Evidence for an atypical, or XXXX in ferret tracheal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity13604 :: ('MESH:D011294', 'Chemical') :: ['prenalterol', 'Prenalterol']

entities_list: @entity21276 :: ('155', 'Gene') :: ['beta 3-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity21276 :: (155,Gene) :: ['beta 3-adrenoceptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to study the endocrine disrupting effect of @entity31851 (NDPS) (estrogenic and antiandrogenic activity). METHODS: To investigate the estrogenic activity of NDPS by different experiments: (1) @entity2083 received intraperitoneal injections with NDPS (0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) at regular intervals (5 days) for the synthesis of VTG. The estrogenic effects of the treatment were investigated on VTG in plasma and liver measured by ELISA at 14th. (2) Added the positive control E2 (10(-7) mol/L), and NDPS (10(-10) mol/L, 10(-9) mol/L, 10(-8) mol/L, 10(-7) mol/L, 10(-6) mol/L, 10(-5) mol/L and 10(-4) mol/L) to MCF-7 cells and determinated the proliferation of MCF-7 cells with @entity98 assay. (3) female mices 18-22 g in weight were castrated, then they were gavaged daily for 5 days with E2 (500 microg/kg) or NDPS (0, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) or peanut oil, then uterus was removed and weighed at 6th. Hershberger assay: male SD @entity35 of 4 weeks age were castrated, after 2 weeks, the other groups were dosed daily for 7 days with @entity3033 (1 mg/kg, sc) plus peanut oil (p.o) or plus NDPS (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg, p.o) but one group of castrated @entity35 were subcutaneously injected with peanut oil plus (sc) peanut oil (p.o) as control. Then, the adrenals, prostate, glans penis, seminal vesicle, levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles were removed and weighed. RESULTS: Compared with control group. There have significantly increase in the plasma VTG concentration in 10 mg/kg of E2 treatment group as well as in 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of NDPS 14 d after injection. In addition, a significantly increase in the liver VTG concentration was observed in the 200 mg/kg of @entity20560 treatment group. There was no significant alteration of @entity141 , total protein and liver protein content in plasma in all NDPS treatment groups, but E2 increased the plasma @entity141 level, that is higher than the control group. 10(-8) mol/L,10(-7) mol/L and 10(-6) mol/L NDPS could stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 cell, and there were significant differences compared with control group. All NDPS treatment groups could increase the weight of uterus, but only 250 mg/kg group has signifgicant differences, compared with the control group. In Hershberger assay, relative weight of prostate, seminal vesicle, levator ani and bulbocavernous muscle in 60 mg/kg group and 120 mg/kg group were significantly decreased when compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSION: NDPS exerts endocrine disrupting effect including estrogenic activity and antiandrogenic activity.

title: [Study on the endocrine disrupting effect of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity31851 :: ('MESH:C488805', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethachlon']

entities_list: @entity2083 :: ('7957', 'Species') :: ['Carassius auratus']

answer: @entity31851 :: (MESH:C488805,Chemical) :: ['dimethachlon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies have examined the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the context of cell-to-cell transmission. We aimed to determine whether the activity of ART is limited by the mode of @entity2858 spread between cells and the type of immune cell implicated in transmission, or is independent of these variables. DESIGN: ART activity was evaluated in primary cells using in-vitro cell-free and cell to-cell @entity2858 @entity281 systems. METHODS: @entity2858 cell-free or cell-to-cell transmission between infected monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and autologous target @entity404 + T cells was measured in the presence or absence of reverse transcriptase and integrase inhibitors. @entity1800 was evaluated using luciferase-reporter infectious molecular @entity2858 clones carrying macrophage-tropic envelope glycoproteins (Envs). Cell-free @entity2858 was titrated to yield different multiplicities of @entity404 + T-cell @entity281 . RESULTS: Whereas cell-free @entity281 of @entity404 + T cells was substantially reduced by all inhibitors, cell-to-cell spread from macrophages to @entity404 + T cells was largely resistant to inhibition. However, when multiplicity of @entity281 was controlled for, we observed no difference in antiretroviral inhibition of cell-to-cell or cell-free @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Cell-to-cell spread of @entity2858 reduces the probability of antiretroviral inhibition, but it is the number of infectious viruses transferred between cells rather than the specific mode of viral spread or transmitting cell type that governs antiretroviral activity. High multiplicity @entity281 in vivo is more likely to occur by cell-to-cell transmission, and these data will inform use of ART against viral reservoirs.

title: High multiplicity XXXX cell-to-cell transmission from macrophages to @entity404 + T cells limits antiretroviral efficacy.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infection']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: Background. We performed a randomized phase II study comparing efficacy and @entity137 of weekly @entity1311 80   mg/m(2) (Weetax) with three weekly @entity1205 75   mg/m(2) (Threetax), both in combination with oral @entity416 1000   mg/m(2) twice daily for 2 weeks followed by a 1-week break. @entity1 . Thirty-seven @entity1 with confirmed metastatic @entity0 were randomized. Results. Median @entity19246 was 174 (Weetax) versus 147 days (Threetax) (P=0.472). Median OS was 933 (Weetax) versus 464 days (Threetax) (P=0.191). Reasons for @entity19246 were PD 8/18 (Weetax), 9/19 (Threetax); and @entity137 : 8/18 (Weetax), 8/19 (Threetax). ORR was 72% (Weetax) versus 26% (Threetax) (P = 0.01). The Threetax-combination resulted in a higher incidence of leuco-/ @entity1398 compared to Weetax. Grade II @entity417 was more pronounced in the Weetax group. No difference was found in quality of life. Conclusion. @entity6023 in combination with @entity416 resulted in a high level of @entity137 . @entity6023 and @entity416 should be considered given sequentially and not in combination.

title: Weekly @entity1311 plus XXXX versus @entity1205 Every 3 Weeks plus @entity416 in Metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['Capecitabine']


abstract: Unlike mammals, adult @entity3392 are able to regenerate multiple tissues including those of the CNS. In the @entity3392 retina, injury stimulates M  ller glia dedifferentiation into a multipotent retinal progenitor that is capable of regenerating all lost cell types. This dedifferentiation is driven by the reactivation of gene expression programs that share many characteristics with those that operate during early development. Although the mechanisms underlying the reactivation of these programs remain unknown, it is likely that changes in DNA methylation play a significant role. To begin investigating whether DNA demethylation may contribute to retina regeneration, we characterized the expression of genes associated with DNA demethylation in the uninjured and injured retina. We found that two @entity3183 deaminases ( @entity30909 and @entity30910 ) were expressed basally in the uninjured retina and that they were induced in proliferating, dedifferentiated M  ller glia. The maximal induction of @entity30910 required @entity30911 , but was independent of @entity30912 , and therefore defines an independent signaling pathway stemming from @entity30911 . Strikingly, when @entity30909 or @entity30910 was knocked down by antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, the proliferative response of M  ller glia following injury was significantly reduced and injury-dependent induction of @entity30911 and its target genes were inhibited, suggesting the presence of a regulatory feedback loop between Apobec proteins and @entity30911 . Finally, @entity30911 , @entity30909 and @entity30910 were found to be essential for optic nerve regeneration. These data identify an essential role for Apobec proteins during retina and optic nerve regeneration and suggest DNA demethylation may underlie the reprogramming of cells to mount a regenerative response.

title: Injury-dependent M  ller glia and ganglion cell reprogramming during tissue regeneration requires XXXX and @entity30910 .

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

answer: @entity30909 :: (503736(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['Apobec2a']


abstract: Luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH), and @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity701 responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia were studied in 56 @entity1 classified into 4 distinct groups of functional secondary @entity4999 . The groups were: I, self-induced @entity353 (20 @entity1 ); II, post pill @entity4999 (14 @entity1 ); III, @entity1278 (10 @entity1 ); and IV, @entity3762 (12 @entity1 ). Only @entity1 with no overlapping anamnestic factors were included. Group I @entity1 had the most heavily @entity73 LHRH-LH responses, and the @entity2124 response to hypoglycaemia was smaller than in other groups. @entity701 responses were normal. Group II @entity1 showed blunted LH responses and normal @entity2124 and @entity701 responses. Group III @entity1 showed normal or exaggerated LH responses in the recovery phase of @entity1278 , while those two @entity1 who were in the static phase of the illness had @entity73 responses. @entity2124 responses varied greatly. Group IV @entity1 had normal basal levels of LH and normal LH, @entity2124 and @entity701 responses. The restoration of LH response is not solely correlated to body mass, since @entity1 recovering from @entity1278 showed greater LHRH-LH responses with nutritional rehabilitation at 76% of ideal body weight than @entity1 with self-induced @entity353 at 87% of ideal body weight. In idiopathic @entity4999 the hypothalamic @entity4611 seems to be practically intact. The function of @entity2339 may be @entity73 selectively in functional @entity4999 . @entity3317 releasing hormone function remains intact, and @entity2124 -response may be @entity73 or normal independently of the LH-response to LHRH. In self-induced @entity353 both functions were @entity73 . These tests are easily carried out with out- @entity1 , and they give more information about the functional state of @entity2339 than basal analyses of @entity2339 than basal analyses of gonadotrophins and @entity2931 . However, a single pathologic reading in the LH response is not specific enough to indicate to which group of @entity4999 the @entity1 belong, but these tests together elucidate the severity of lesion in hypothalamic @entity4611 .

title: Luteinizing hormone responses to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and @entity2124 and @entity701 responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in functional secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3317 :: ('MESH:D000324', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticotrophin']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic secondary amenorrhoea']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity4999 :: (MESH:C537962,Disease) :: ['amenorrhoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal symptoms of @entity565 are associated with poor sleep quality, excessive @entity25 and poor daytime functioning. The aim of this study was to describe the @entity748 @entity1 -self perceived sleep quality and quantity in a real-world setting according to different determinants of @entity1 health status. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, seasonal-waves survey was designed. Allergists nationwide were asked to consecutively survey adult asthmatics aged 18-65 years, evenly distributed by seasons and severity (GINA criteria). Sleep quality and quantity were assessed using the self-administered MOS-sleep scale. The @entity565 Control Test was applied to ascertain the degree of @entity748 symptoms control. RESULTS: A total of 1,098 subjects [58.7% females, 41.2 (13.6) years] were included in the analysis. @entity565 severity was related with poor sleep quality/quantity, with higher scores in more severe @entity1 (p<0.001), who significantly had less daily average hours of sleep: 0.3-0.5 hours (p<0.001). Degree of symptoms control and level of @entity1  s severity were both associated with poor index sleep problems: 25.3 (full control), 26.4 (controlled), 32.6 (partially controlled) and 44.6 (uncontrolled); p<0.001, and 48.4 (severe), 39.0 (moderate), 32.6 (mild) and 26.5 (intermittent), p<0.001. ]. In our study, gender was significantly associated with summary index sleep score. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep quality and quantity was significantly associated with poor health status of @entity748 @entity1 . Guidelines should recommend both asking @entity1109 and advising clinicians about taking a global sleep history. A better control of @entity1109 could lead to improved sleep quality and a decrease in daytime sleep-related symptoms.

title: Self-perceived sleep quality and quantity in adult subjects with XXXX : Findings from the CosteAsma study.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: The authors give an account on the results of scleroplastic operations (according Pivovarov) in 159 @entity1 (298 eyes). They describe in detail the surgical procedure, the mechanism of action of the operation, the fate of the implanted material. The most suitable material for scleroplastic operations in @entity1 is the irradiated @entity1 sclera which caused the minimal incidence of complications. Most frequently eyes with the diagnosis @entity1714 progressiva 57.7% were operated, another large group were eyes with the diagnosis of @entity1714 gravis -35.2%. The mean age at the time of operation was 11.3 +/- 3.3 years. In @entity1714 progressiva the correction was three years after operation the same or lower in 53.3% of the operated @entity1 , the vision was equal or better in 80% of the operated @entity1 . In @entity1 with @entity1714 progressiva who were operated at the age of 10-15 years, after three years no difference in vision was recorded as compared with the finding before operation; the correction changed on average only by 0.27 dioptres. This result is very satisfactory, as indication for operation was progression of @entity1714 by at least 1 dioptre per year before operation. In @entity1714 gravis the correction was three years after operation equal or lower in 68.4% of operated eyes, the vision was equal or better in 81.6% of the operated eyes. Reinforcement of the sclera--scleroplasty--is at the moment the only rational therapeutic method of progressing and severe @entity1714 .

title: [Scleroplasty surgery. I. Results in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Colonoscopy with biopsy is the standard of practice for the diagnosis of @entity694 . Unfortunately, the inability of endoscopy to obtain precise distance measurements from the anal verge can make localization of lesions at operation difficult. For this reason, preoperative barium enema or intraoperative colonoscopy have been advocated to further pinpoint the sites of those lesions not thought to be easily located at operation. Five @entity1 are presented in whom malignant lesions of the colon were diagnosed and verified histologically, but were later undetectable at operation or subsequent colonoscopic examinations. Four of these @entity1 underwent laparotomy and three received colon resections. None of these @entity1 ' @entity5 were identified during intraoperative colonoscopy, in the resected bowel on pathologic examination, or on follow-up colonoscopy. A fifth @entity1 is presented who spontaneously passed a polyp containing invasive @entity420 , but multiple colonoscopic examinations have failed to identify the site of the lesion. To date, none of these @entity5 have recurred with periods of follow-up ranging from 6 months to 2 years. These @entity1 demonstrate a poorly documented and little understood aspect of the behavior of @entity694 , i.e., the ability to spontaneously regress or slough from the bowel wall. Based on these instances, localization of potentially malignant @entity1049 is recommended with submucosal dye injections at initial endoscopy or with colonoscopy in the operating room immediately prior to operation.

title: The elusive XXXX . A need for definitive preoperative localization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colon lesions']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic malignancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is a major health problem in Nigeria and the involvement of thyroid hormones in this condition has not been evaluated in this center. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of @entity1 with an essential @entity101 who had abnormal thyroid hormone levels and the type of @entity1374 commonly observed in this group of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 94 @entity1 (30 males, aged 30.4    2 years and 64 females, aged 43.4    1.3 years) with essential @entity101 was carried out between January 2005 and December 2007. Demographic and other medical information were obtained from the health records. Analysis of laboratory results of @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were made. RESULTS: Of the 94 @entity1 evaluated, 26 (27.7%) had abnormal @entity6145 levels, with 23.4% having @entity1378 , 4.3% had sub-clinical @entity1375 and none had overt @entity1375 . Of the 26 subjects with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, 18 (69.2%) were females while 8 (30.8%) were males. Out of the 18 female subjects with abnormal thyroid hormone levels, 16 had @entity1378 levels while 2 had sub-clinical hypothyroid levels. Out of the 8 male @entity1 , 6 had @entity1378 hormone levels while 2 had sub-clinical hypothyroid levels. CONCLUSION: @entity1374 are common in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . @entity1378 was the most common @entity1374 observed. Young @entity1 presenting with essential @entity101 should be screened for @entity1374 since they can best be managed by treating the underlying causes.

title: @entity6145 levels in apparently euthyroid subjects with essential XXXX in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid hormone abnormalities', 'Thyroid hormone abnormalities', 'thyroid disorders', 'thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Two hundred fifty-two @entity1 underwent operation for @entity1580 at Stanford University Medical Center from 1963 to 1987 and Duke University Medical Center from 1975 to 1988. Sixty-seven percent had an acute @entity1129 dissection and 33% had a chronic @entity1129 dissection. In addition to repair or replacement of the ascending aorta, 121 @entity1 (48%) required an aortic valve procedure. Valve resuspension was performed in 46 (39 acute @entity1129 and 7 chronic @entity1129 ), with an operative mortality rate of 13% +/- 5% (+/- 70% confidence limits), and aortic valve replacement in 75 (36 acute @entity1129 and 39 chronic @entity1129 ), with an operative mortality rate of 20% +/- 5% (p = not significant versus resuspension). The operative mortality rate for @entity1 requiring only repair or replacement of the ascending aorta was 32% +/- 4%. Indications for valve replacement included coexistent (nonacute) @entity886 , @entity1614 , @entity1580 , and cases in which successful resuspension could not be accomplished. The overall actuarial survival rate for all @entity1 was 59% +/- 3% (+/- 1 standard error of the mean), 40% +/- 4%, and 25% +/- 5% at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Survival rates at these same times for @entity1 with valve resuspension were 67% +/- 8%, 52% +/- 10%, and 26% +/- 19%, respectively; for @entity1 who required aortic valve replacement, these survival rates were 70% +/- 5%, 39% +/- 8%, and 21% +/- 11%; finally, @entity1 who received only an ascending aortic procedure had survival probabilities of 51% +/- 5%, 37% +/- 6%, and 23% +/- 6% (p = not significant versus resuspension versus aortic valve replacement). Multivariate analysis showed advanced age (p less than 0.001), previous cardiac or aortic operation (p less than 0.001), more preoperative dissection complications (p = 0.002), and earlier operative date (p = 0.038) to be the only significant, independent factors that increased the likelihood of early or late death. The type of aortic valve procedure (resuspension versus aortic valve replacement versus none) was not a significant predictor of mortality. Two of 46 @entity1 with valve resuspension required late aortic valve replacement (freedom from aortic valve replacement: 100% and 80% +/- 13% at 5 and 10 years, respectively), as did 4 of 75 @entity1 with initial aortic valve replacement (freedom from repeat aortic valve replacement: 98% +/- 2% and 73% +/- 13%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Preservation of aortic valve in XXXX complicated by aortic regurgitation.

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection', 'annuloaortic ectasia']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apoptosis plays a crucial role in @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) in various @entity189 . This study was designed to investigate the relation between apoptosis and @entity1161 in invasive @entity957 (ISCC) of the uterine cervix METHODS: Thirty-five specimens were obtained from 7 @entity1 with ISCC before and during a fractionated @entity1161 . The occurrence of apoptosis was examined by end labeling of DNA gel fractionation and in situ 3' end labeling of DNA. The expression of @entity589 and @entity588 proteins was investigated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Autoradiographic analysis revealed that high molecular weight DNA was predominant in the untreated ISCC specimens. However, a ladder-like pattern, characteristic of the apoptotic breakdown of DNA, was identified at doses of 900 cGy and 1980 cGy. At doses >1980 cGy, DNA laddering disappeared without any extensive smearing. Quantitative analysis of low molecular weight fragments of DNA revealed significant increases at doses of 900 cGy and 1980 cGy compared with those before @entity1161 and at doses of >1980 cGy. Labeling of DNA in situ indicated that cells undergoing apoptosis increased dramatically at a dose of 900 cGy. However, apoptotic cells decreased at a dose of 3960 cGy. In addition, a large fraction of @entity5 cells was immunonegative for @entity588 before and during @entity1161 . By contrast, immunoreactive @entity589 was observed intensely in many neoplastic cells at doses of 900 cGy and 1980 cGy. CONCLUSIONS: The current investigation indicates that low doses of @entity1161 result in apoptotic cell death in ISCC in association with the increased expression of @entity589 but not with increased @entity588 expression.

title: Transient increases of apoptosis and @entity589 expression occurring during radiotherapy in XXXX with invasive cervical carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of various neutral proteases released during the development of @entity75 . DESIGN: This lesion produced by pulpal exposure of mandibular first molar in @entity35 . The histological and histometrical changes in periapical tissue examined. The presence of neutrophil elastase, @entity31856 , collagenase 2, @entity6929 , and @entity31857 ( @entity31857 ) was immunohistochemically evaluated in the periapical tissue. RESULTS: After pulpal exposure, some inflammatory cells were present in the periapical tissue at 7 days, and periapical @entity32 gradually increased. Alveolar bone resorption observed after 14 days and @entity20093 found after 21 days. After 14 days, the area of @entity75 significantly increased compared from normal one (p<0.05). Neutrophil elastase, @entity31856 , collagenase 2, and @entity6929 were detected around the root apex at 14 days, then these proteases increased gradually and demonstrated in and around the abscess at 21 and 28 days. Morphologically, these protease-expressing cells are almost polymorphic and polynuclear shaped after 14 days. These cells significantly increased after 14 days compared from normal one (p<0.05). However, @entity31857 detected after 21 days around apical root. It significantly increased after 21 days (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that neutrophil elastase, @entity31856 , collagenase 2, and @entity6929 induce the destruction of periapical tissue. We demonstrated that these neutral proteases released play an important role in development of @entity75 .

title: Histochemical localization of neutral proteases released during development of @entity35 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['periradicular lesion']

entities_list: @entity31857 :: ('84386(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['SLPI', 'secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity20093 :: ('MESH:D010482', 'Disease') :: ['apical abscess']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['periradicular lesion']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge there is no multi-institutional report on prepubertal @entity5 in Korea to date. We obtained demographic data for a better understanding of the biological behavior and optimal management of these @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prepubertal testicular @entity5 registry form was mailed to all 87 hospitals registered in the Korean Urology Association. We retrospectively reviewed recent 5-year medical records. RESULTS: A total of 209 @entity1 were enrolled in this registry. The incidence was 0.98/100,000 @entity1 . Age was 1 to 142 months (median 18). Most @entity1 were diagnosed with a scrotal mass before age 4 years. Serum @entity160 and beta- @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin increased in as many as 62.9% and 2.7% of @entity1 , including 94.7% and 2.2% in those with yolk sac @entity5 and 30.4% and 2.7% in those with @entity44 , respectively. While potentially malignant @entity5 accounted for 52.5% of @entity1 , the remainder were benign. @entity2971 were the most common (89.4% of cases), mainly with yolk sac @entity5 (47.8%) or @entity44 (39.7%). Management after surgery included surveillance in 71.8% of cases, chemotherapy in 9.1%, combination therapy in 1.4% and other in 17.7%. Of the total @entity1 10.5% (5.9% of stage I yolk sac @entity5 ) had progression to @entity3 . The final results of treatment were complete remission (64.6% of cases), incomplete remission (2.9%), no response or disease progression (1.4%) and unknown (31.1%). Outcomes at the last followup (average 23.5 months) were 76.1% of @entity1 alive, 0.9% dead and 23.0% of unknown status. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic data on pediatric @entity5 in Korea will lead to a better understanding of these rare @entity5 and to optimal therapy in these @entity1 .

title: Epidemiological and clinical behavior of prepubertal XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['Germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular tumors']


abstract: @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ) is a useful drug in management of @entity791 . Nevertheless, its @entity1503 such as @entity417 and @entity1398 present further complications to an already compromised hematopoietic state in @entity1 . We studied the effects of @entity5647 on @entity1 and @entity19 bone marrow (BM) colony growth as determined by assays of CFU-E, BFU-E, CFU-GM, and fibroblastoid stromal (CFU-Fb) colonies. Cultures were grown in methylcellulose with growth factors and scored after three- to 14-day incubation. In general, @entity19 marrow cultures were more sensitive to @entity5647 as compared with @entity1 marrow. Furthermore, interindividual variation in @entity137 to @entity5647 was observed between marrow samples; 1 mumol/L @entity5647 inhibited @entity19 CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM by 98% to 100%, whereas @entity1 marrow was inhibited by 52%, 87%, and 65%, respectively. Lower concentrations of @entity5647 (0.1 mumol/L) inhibited @entity19 erythroid colony growth by 85% to 90%, whereas @entity1 growth was inhibited by only 39% to 52%. Myeloid colony inhibition was similar for @entity1 and @entity19 systems. CFU-Fb growth was markedly suppressed (75%) by 1 mumol/L @entity5647 . Hemin, at a concentration of 10 mumol/L, overcame some of the inhibitory effects of 1 to 0.1 mumol/L @entity5647 without hindering antiviral activity. Inhibition of @entity1 CFU-E growth was completely overcome with hemin, whereas @entity851 was recovered to 66% to 74% of control. A similar but less pronounced effect was observed for BFU-E. Furthermore, hemin does not decrease @entity5647 's effects of HIV antigen content in vitro. We conclude that @entity417 and @entity1398 , occurring as a result of @entity5647 , may not be as pronounced in the presence of hemin. Furthermore, CFU-Fb was significantly reduced in the presence of low concentrations of @entity5647 . This may indicate a major target site for BM @entity137 since the stromal microenvironment may be responsible for maintaining short- and long-term hematopoiesis.

title: Microenvironmental XXXX of @entity9611 : partial sparing with hemin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['Azidothymidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['CFU-GM growth']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We compared the incidence and outcome of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) in individuals with and without @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Spain during 2004-2013. METHODS: The study was based on National Hospital Discharge Data, and the study population comprised @entity1 hospitalized for @entity1151 . Annual incidence rates were classified according to @entity6 status. In-hospital mortality (IHM), length of hospital stay (LOHS), comorbidities and use of diagnosis and therapeutic procedures were analysed. RESULTS: We identified 123   872 discharges of @entity1 (56   361 @entity1 and 67   511 @entity1 ) with @entity1151 as their primary diagnosis (15.3% with @entity6 ). Incidence of discharge diagnoses of @entity1151 increased significantly in all groups. Crude rates were higher in @entity6 @entity1 . A positive association was identified between @entity6 and @entity1151 : adjusted @entity12623 was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.95-2.05) for @entity1 and 2.50 (95% CI: 2.45-2.57) for @entity1 . LOHS, readmissions and IHM decreased significantly for both groups. An association between IHM and risk factors (older age, Charlson comorbidity index >3, @entity955 and @entity5 ) was observed. @entity6 was associated with higher IHM in @entity1 (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.12-1.32) and @entity1 (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.15-1.33). The use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography increased significantly overtime. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that in both @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity6 was an independent risk factor for IHM. The incidence of discharge of @entity1 with @entity1151 increased significantly during the study period. @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 had a higher risk of hospitalization for @entity1151 than non- @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity6 @entity1 had higher IHM than @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Type 2 XXXX is associated with a higher incidence of hospitalization for @entity1151 in Spain: Analysis of hospital discharge data during 2004-2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: There are a growing number of reports of unresectable, advanced @entity14 and multiorgan invasive @entity14 for which extended surgery was avoided or a radical operation was performed after down-staging, or @entity5 size reduction, was achieved by chemotherapy. Here we describe a case of sigmoid @entity694 (cStage IV) for which preoperative chemotherapy improved the outcome of surgery. The @entity1 was a 57-year-old @entity1 with sigmoid @entity694 of sufficient size to block the passage of the endoscope. The @entity5 was found to be widely infiltrated and adherent to the peritoneum over the bladder, with effusion around the @entity5 that made peritoneal disseminated @entity3 a strong possibility. Moreover, many regional and periaortic lymph nodes were swollen. @entity694 at Stage IV was diagnosed. After preoperative chemotherapy [mFOLFOX6+bevacizumab ( @entity1493 )] was administered, @entity5 size decreased sufficiently to allow the endoscope to pass through. The effusion around the @entity5 disappeared, and lymph node swellings were reduced. The surgical findings revealed no evidence of peritoneal @entity3 , and @entity5 adhesion to the peritoneum over the bladder was small, which limited the extent of combined peritonectomy. Ultimately, the histopathological diagnosis was Stage II,and histological evaluation of the drug therapy effects was that the @entity5 was then Grade 1b. Although clinical studies are currently conducted on preoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity14 , preoperative chemotherapy is not established as standard treatment due to lack of clear evidence. The evaluation of the usefulness of preoperative chemotherapy is warrants future clinical studies.

title: [A XXXX with sigmoid @entity694 ( cStage IV) who responded to preoperative chemotherapy with mFOLFOX6 plus bevacizumab and was subsequently able to undergo a radical operation].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'Sigmoid colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity876 polymorphism at codon 72 and its association with environmental risk factors in a sample of @entity1 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 304 @entity1 with histological diagnoses of negative, precancerous, and @entity5 between October 2004 and May 2006. Antecedents of exposure to environmental risk factors were ascertained through an interview-administered questionnaire, and whenever indicated, colposcopy tests and lesion excisions were performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of peripheral blood subjects, and genotyping of @entity876 polymorphism was conducted using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism methods. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were ascertained for selected risk factors and allelic groups among control, low-grade squamous @entity75 (LSIL), and @entity2784 ( @entity2784 )/ @entity5 strata, using logistic regression analysis. The @entity876 polymorphism distribution in this population was 64 (21.1%) @entity534 / @entity534 , 55 (18.1%) Pro/Pro, and 185 (60.9%) @entity534 /Pro. @entity1 who were heterozygous ( @entity534 /Pro) showed an independent risk for cervical @entity2784 / @entity5 (adjusted OR: 1.92, 95%CI: 1.03-1.59, controlled for age, ethnicity, and age at menarche) compared to Pro/Pro genotypic @entity1 . Age at sexual onset up to 16 yr old (adjusted OR: 1.97, 95%CI: 1.18-3.3), lifelong 3-4 sexual partners (adjusted OR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.32-4.28), current smoking (adjusted OR: 2.32, 95%CI: 1.31-4.13), and smoking more than 10 yr (adjusted OR: 2.52, 95%CI: 1.042-6.09) were found to be independent risk factors for cervical @entity2784 / @entity5 . @entity1 possessing the @entity534 /Pro genotype presented a higher risk for @entity2784 / @entity5 development compared to Pro/Pro genotypic @entity1 in the sample studied after control for selected confounders. Early sexual onset, multiple sexual partners, and current and past @entity286 smoking were independent risk factors for @entity2784 / @entity5 development.

title: @entity876 genetic polymorphisms and environmental risk factors associated with cervical carcinogenesis in a cohort of Brazilian @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous lesions', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: After treatment with alpha-methyldopa a regression of @entity4346 , due to @entity101 , has been reported in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . The reduction of left ventricular mass has been associated with an increase in @entity720 concentration, suggesting secondary functional changes. On this basis, 12 @entity1 with essential @entity101 and echocardiographic evidence of @entity4346 have been studied before and after a 6-month alpha-methyldopa treatment. Ten normal subjects were used as a control group. Curves of changes in left ventricular diameter and velocity curves were obtained by digitation of the M-mode endocardial echoes and the diastolic patterns were studied. Before treatment all @entity1 , as compared to normal subjects, showed: (a) prolongation of the isovolumetric relaxation time index, with increased diameter changes; (b) reduction of diameter changes and peak velocity during the rapid filling; and (c) marked compensatory increase of diameter changes and peak velocity of the filling due to atrial systole. @entity4346 was reduced in 5 @entity1 (first group) after treatment. This group showed: (a) normalization of the isovolumetric relaxation time index; (b) slight increase of diameter changes during rapid filling; (c) increased peak velocity of the rapid filling; and (d) reduction of diameter changes and peak velocity during atrial systole. No changes of functional data were observed in the other 7 @entity1 (second group) in whom @entity4346 was unchanged after treatment. It is shown how the reduction of @entity4346 , per se, could induce such an improvement of diastolic function, despite the biochemical changes probably caused by administration of alpha-methyldopa.

title: Left ventricular filling pattern in XXXX @entity1 after reversal of myocardial hypertrophy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of cytologic smears by making crush preparation as a diagnostic method, in @entity1221 . 278 @entity1 with @entity1221 were investigated. In 98 cases, material was obtained intraoperatively during craniotomy and in 180 cases stereotactic biopsies were done. In all the cases crush preparations were made, and cytologic diagnosis was correlated with final histologic diagnosis. 244 out of 278 @entity1 showed correlation with histopathological diagnosis. So, in present study diagnostic accuracy was 87.76%. In 18 cases no definite diagnosis was made due to inadequate material. Majority of the @entity1 were in age group 31 to 40 years (72 cases). The youngest @entity1 was three years old and the eldest was 87 years old. The most common @entity5 in intracranial cavity was @entity816 (56.68%), followed by @entity1653 (6.88%), @entity2946 (5.66%) and @entity424 (5.56%). The most common @entity5 in intraspinal cavity was @entity424 (38.46%), followed by @entity1653 (23.07%) and @entity808 (23.07%). In conclusion, crush preparation is an effective, simple, rapid, relatively safe and reliable technique for the diagnosis of @entity1221 . Diagnostic accuracy of cytology with final histopathological report is established with accuracy rate of 87.76%.

title: Accuracy of cytologic diagnosis of XXXX in crush preparation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1221 :: (MESH:D016543,Disease) :: ['central nervous system tumours']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first aim of this study was to clarify the effective ratio of extractive from leaves of Morus @entity2928 (ELM) to @entity969 so as to apply this knowledge to the preparation of confections that could effectively suppress the elevation of postprandial blood @entity413 and @entity2690 . The second aim was to identify the efficacy of confections prepared with the optimally effective ratio determined from the first study, using healthy @entity1 subjects. METHODS: Ten healthy females (22.3 years, BMI 21.4 kg/m  ) participated in this within-subject, repeated measures study. For the first aim of this study, the test solutions containing 30 g of @entity969 and 1.2 or 3.0 g of ELM were repeatedly and randomly given to each subject. To identify the practically suppressive effects on postprandial blood @entity413 and @entity2690 , some confections with added ELM were prepared as follows: Mizu-yokan, 30 g of @entity969 with the addition of 1.5 or 3.0 g ELM; Daifuku-mochi, 9.0 g of starch in addition to 30 g of @entity969 and 1.5 or 3.0 g ELM; Chiffon-cake, 24 g of @entity969 , starch, and 3.0 or 6.0 g of ELM, and were ingested by each subject. Blood and end-expiration were collected at selected periods after test food ingestion. RESULTS: When 30 g of @entity969 with 1.2 or 3.0 g of ELM were ingested by subjects, the elevations of postprandial blood @entity413 and @entity2690 were effectively suppressed (p < 0.01), and the most effective ratio of ELM to @entity969 was evaluated to be 1:10. AUC (area under the curve) of breath @entity3884 excretion for 6 h after the ingestion of an added 3 g of ELM significantly increased (p < 0.01). When AUCs-3h of incremental blood @entity413 of confections without ELM was 100, that of Mizu-yokan and Daifuku-mochi with the ratio (1:10) of ELM to @entity969 was decreased to 53.4 and 58.2, respectively. Chiffon-cake added one-fourth ELM was 29.0. CONCLUSION: ELM-containing confections for which the ratio of ELM and @entity969 is one-tenth effectively suppress the postprandial blood @entity413 and @entity2690 by inhibiting the intestinal sucrase, thus creating a prebiotic effect. The development of confections with ELM can therefore contribute to the prevention and the quality of life for @entity5710 and @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Suppressive response of confections containing the extractive from leaves of Morus @entity2928 on postprandial blood @entity413 and @entity2690 in healthy XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetic']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) has been used as a dermal substitute for the treatment of deep burns, but the availability of cadaver skin for the production of @entity7674 is limited. The usefulness of porcine @entity7674 as a xenogeneic dermal substitute in @entity35 was studied. With the use of Dispase II (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, Ind) and Triton X-100 (US Biochemicals, Cleveland, Ohio), xenogeneic @entity7674 was prepared from commercially available, cryopreserved porcine skin, and allogeneic @entity7674 from the @entity35 was also prepared. Four full-thickness injuries 225 mm2 in size were created on the dorsum of each @entity35 . One of these wounds was treated with xenogeneic @entity7674 and 1 was treated with allogeneic @entity7674 , and immediately a 0.005-in thick split-thickness skin graft was placed over the @entity7674 . The other 2 wounds were covered with 0.005- or 0.017-in thick split-thickness skin grafts alone. The wounds were evaluated macro- and microscopically 10, 14, 20, and 30 days after grafting. At 30 days after grafting, contraction of the wounds that contained xenogeneic @entity7674 was significantly greater than that of the wounds that contained allogeneic @entity7674 . Graft take was poor in the wounds that contained xenogeneic @entity7674 at 14 days after surgery and moderately good in those that contained allogeneic @entity7674 . The use of thick autografts resulted in the best wound healing, whereas the use of thin autografts resulted in considerable wound contraction. Allogeneic @entity7674 diminished this contraction, but wound healing was significantly worsened when xenogeneic @entity7674 was used.

title: Xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix as a dermal substitute in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['ADM', 'Acellular dermal matrix']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) is well known to cause multidrug resistance (MDR) in @entity5 cells. This MDR leads to @entity5 recurrence which is a major obstacle in @entity5 treatment. High @entity1262 expression has been observed in the population of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) having self-renewal potential. Early detection and inhibition of these CSCs is directly beneficial to @entity5 treatment. In this study @entity1524 derivatives are used to inhibit efflux process and thereby enhance bioavailability of various drugs like @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ). This drug is most commonly used for the treatment of @entity5 of breast, ovary, head and neck. @entity1524 derivatives can be used to reduce the growth of @entity0 stem cells through @entity1262 mediated efflux inhibition and @entity1311 bioavailability enhancement. With the use of computational approaches including molecular docking simulation and pharmacophore study, few @entity1524 derivatives have been found to be more potential inhibitors of @entity1262 mediated efflux. Based on high affinity inhibitors, new @entity1524 derivatives have been designed and docked at active site cavity of P-gps. Some newly designed @entity1524 derivatives were found to be more potent due to their higher binding affinity towards target protein. The finding that newly designed @entity6397 can be exploited for inhibition of @entity1262 mediated efflux in order to enhance @entity1311 bioavailability and can inhibit @entity0 stem cell growth is significant for designing potent anticancer drugs.

title: Inhibition of @entity1262 Mediated Efflux of XXXX by @entity1524 Derivatives in Cancer Stem Cells: An insilico Approach.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarin', 'coumarin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity6397 :: ('MESH:D003374', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarins']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: Apolipoprotein (apo) E4 is the major genetic risk factor for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). ApoE4 has sex-dependent effects, whereby the risk of developing @entity195 is higher in apoE4-expressing females than males. However, the mechanism underlying the sex difference, in relation to apoE4, is unknown. Previous findings indicate that apoE4 causes age-dependent impairments of hilar GABAergic interneurons in female @entity19 , leading to learning and @entity2414 . Here, we investigate whether the detrimental effects of apoE4 on hilar GABAergic interneurons are sex-dependent using @entity6970 knock-in (KI) @entity19 across different ages. We found that in female @entity6970 -KI @entity19 , there was an age-dependent depletion of hilar GABAergic interneurons, whereby GAD67- or somatostatin-positive--but not NPY- or parvalbumin-positive-interneuron loss was exacerbated by apoE4. Loss of these neuronal populations was correlated with the severity of @entity4207 at 16 months of age in female apoE4-KI @entity19 ; however, this effect was not observed in female apoE3-KI @entity19 . In contrast, we found an increase in the numbers of hilar GABAergic interneurons with advancing age in male @entity6970 -KI @entity19 , regardless of @entity6970 genotype. Moreover, male @entity6970 -KI @entity19 showed a consistent ratio of hilar inhibitory GABAergic interneurons to excitatory mossy cells approximating 1.5 that is independent of @entity6970 genotype and age, whereas female @entity6970 -KI @entity19 exhibited an age-dependent decrease in this ratio, which was exacerbated by apoE4. Interestingly, there are no @entity6970 genotype effects on GABAergic interneurons in the @entity4778 and @entity4779 subregions of the hippocampus as well as the @entity29175 . These findings suggest that the sex-dependent effects of apoE4 on developing @entity195 is in part attributable to inherent sex-based differences in the numbers of hilar GABAergic interneurons, which is further modulated by @entity6970 genotype.

title: Apolipoprotein E4 causes age- and sex-dependent impairments of hilar GABAergic interneurons and learning and @entity2414 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity29175 :: ('MESH:D001304', 'Disease') :: ['entorhinal and auditory cortexes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to introduce a new approach for analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in order to illustrate the temporal development of the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes induced by @entity302 . METHOD: In order to sequentially analyze the fMRI images acquired during @entity302 , a continuous series of echo planar imaging (EPI) scans covering the complete period of a @entity410 was acquired. Data were segmented into 10-s blocks. Each block, representing a unique experimental condition, was contrasted with a neutral (no @entity410 ) baseline condition. Visual comparison of the activations from one block to the next highlighted the course of activations and deactivations during the @entity410 event. This analysis was applied to three independent @entity410 of one @entity1 with peri- @entity1654 secondary to chronic @entity198 : one @entity410 before @entity302 surgery and two after unsuccessful tailored resection. Observations were compared to results from invasive subdural electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) coregistered to MRI (SISCOM), and independent component analysis (ICA), a model-free method of BOLD-signal analysis. RESULTS: The initial increase in BOLD signal occurred 10-40 s before clinical onset in the same location compared to the @entity410 -onset zone determined by invasive subdural evaluation and SISCOM. Sequential involvement of cortical and subcortical structures was in agreement with SISCOM, intracranial EEG recordings, and ICA results. DISCUSSION: In selected @entity1 , sequential analysis of changes in BOLD signal induced by @entity302 might represent a useful approach for investigating the temporal development of brain activity during @entity302 , thereby allowing imaging of those cerebral structures involved in @entity410 generation and propagation.

title: Sequential analysis of fMRI images: A new approach to study XXXX @entity302 networks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['rolandic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Assessing the response to treatment as soon after treatment initiation is one of the key reasons for imaging @entity706 @entity1 . The optimal time after initiating treatment for assessing response to treatment has yet to be determined. Therefore, we were prompted to review our experience with serial @entity419 PET/CT in @entity1 undergoing treatment for @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). This is a retrospective study (Feb 2003 - Oct 2004) of 20 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 , with age range of 7-75 years with diagnosis of @entity978 (10) and @entity1893 (10), who had PET/CT at our institution prior, during and at the completion of therapy. Restaging PET/CT was done after 2 cycles of chemotherapy in 10 @entity1 (group A) and after 4 cycles of chemotherapy in 10 pts (group B). A total of 60 scans were reviewed. The DeltaSUV from baseline to first PET/CT was on average 67.6% in group A and 75.1% in group B. This had no statistical significance (P value: 0.31). The DeltaSUV from baseline to post-therapy PET/CT was on average 72.9% in group A and 79.8% in group B. This difference also had no statistical significance (P value: 0.24). The correlation coefficient was 0.98 in group A and 0.80 in group B. Results of PET/CT after 2 cycles of chemotherapy did not statistically differ from the results of PET/CT after 4 cycles of chemotherapy. These results need to be confirmed in larger, prospective, randomized trials.

title: @entity419 -PET/CT evaluation of response to treatment in XXXX : when is the optimal time for the first re-evaluation scan?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of @entity16377 ( @entity6559 )-rich grape seed extract on the biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine and on the bond strength and durability between resin-based sealer and root dentine. METHODOLOGY: Single-rooted premolars (n = 28) were divided into @entity6559 -treated and nontreated specimens. Root canals were instrumented to apical size 40, filled with RealSeal SE sealer/Core, sectioned into slices of 1 mm thickness from middle and coronal thirds and stored for 1 week or 3 months in distilled water. Specimens were subjected to push-out strength testing with the load applied perpendicularly in an apical to coronal direction using a universal testing machine. Remaining apical thirds were viewed by scanning electron microscopy after 3-months storage. Additional root canals were filled with @entity21237 -labelled sealer and viewed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Unfilled roots (n = 6) were sliced, demineralized, @entity6559 -treated or left untreated and exposed to 24 h collagenase to determine @entity720 release in the supernatant. Two-way anova was used to test the effect of both dentine treatment with @entity6559 and anatomical locations on bond strength and @entity720 release. Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post hoc test was used to compare between groups. RESULTS: No difference in bond strength was found after 1-week storage between both @entity6559 -treated (crosslinked) and untreated (noncrosslinked) groups in the coronal thirds. However, treatment with @entity6559 revealed higher 1-week bond strength values (P  <= 0.05) in the middle thirds. Generally, 3-month storage decreased the bond strength compared to 1-week within each of the crosslinked and noncrosslinked groups. However, the decrease in the bond strength after 3 months was less for the crosslinked specimens compared to the noncrosslinked specimens. Confocal images revealed a relatively uniform fluorescent interfacial layer and tubular penetration after 1 week in both groups. SEM images revealed more intact resin sealer/dentine interfaces with @entity6559 crosslinking after 3 months. In addition, @entity720 release was significantly less (P  <= 0.05) with crosslinked specimens. CONCLUSION: Treating root dentine with @entity6559 -rich grape seed extracts improved the biodegradation resistance of demineralized root dentine and enhanced the bond strength and durability between resin-based sealer and root dentine after short-term water storage.

title: The effect of XXXX on the bond strength and durability of resin sealer to root dentine.

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity21237 :: ('CHEBI:52334', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine-B']

answer: @entity16377 :: (MESH:D044945,Chemical) :: ['proanthocyanidins']