abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1823 are rare and highly heritable @entity5 of neuroectodermal origin that often develop in the head and neck region. Germline mutations in the mitochondrial complex II genes, @entity10168 , @entity10169 , and @entity10170 , cause @entity74 ( @entity1823 ). METHODS: We assessed the frequency of @entity10168 , @entity10169 , and @entity10170 gene mutations by PCR amplification and sequencing in a set of @entity135 @entity1 who were previously managed in two otolaryngology clinics in the USA. RESULTS: Fifty-five subjects were grouped into 10 families and 37 non-familial cases. Five of the non-familial cases had @entity5 . Germline @entity10170 mutations were identified in five of 10 (50%) familial and two of 37 ( approximately 5%) non-familial cases. @entity54644 , @entity48957 , @entity54645 , @entity54646 , and L128fsX134 mutations were identified in the familial cases and @entity48957 was identified in the non-familial cases. Both non-familial cases had @entity5 . @entity48957 and @entity54644 mutations have previously been reported in other @entity1823 families and @entity48957 was suggested as a founder mutation. Allelic analyses of different chromosomes carrying these mutations did not show common disease haplotypes, strongly suggesting that @entity54644 and @entity48957 are potentially recurrent mutations. Germline @entity10168 mutations were identified in two of 10 (20%) familial and one of 33 ( approximately 3%) non-familial cases. @entity54647 and M71fsX80 were identified in the familial cases and @entity54648 was identified in the one non-familial case. The non-familial case had a solitary @entity5 . No mutations could be identified in the @entity10169 gene in the remaining four families and 20 sporadic cases. CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity10170 are the leading cause of @entity135 in this clinic @entity1 series. @entity10170 and @entity10168 mutations account for 70% of familial cases and approximately 8% of non-familial cases. These results also suggest that the commonness of the @entity10170 @entity48957 mutation in North America is the result of both a founder effect and recurrent mutations.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , @entity10169 , and @entity10170 germline mutations in clinic @entity1 with @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck paragangliomas', 'head and neck paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'multiple tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity48957 :: ('p|SUB|P|81|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P81L']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'PGL']

entities_list: @entity54648 :: ('p|SUB|Q|59|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q59X']

entities_list: @entity54644 :: ('p|SUB|R|38|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R38X']

answer: @entity10168 :: (6390,Gene) :: ['SDHB']


abstract: Excitotoxic studies using isolated @entity1573 embryo retina indicated that such an in vitro model provides a valid tool to characterize the effect of different agonists for subtypes of @entity2227 ionotropic receptors. In retinas maintained for 24 h in a Krebs medium, after a brief exposure (30 min) to @entity2227 agonists, we compared the effects produced by @entity143 and non- @entity143 -agonists, such as @entity4176 (KA) or @entity140 ( @entity140 ). Delayed @entity989 was assessed by measuring @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) present in the medium after exposure to the previously named agonists. Although at high concentrations, both KA and @entity140 produced more relevant release than @entity143 , 7-8% of total retinal LDH was released after exposure to a 50 microM concentration of non- @entity143 agonists. These values were similar to those obtained after 100 microM @entity143 . In this regard, retinal tissue appeared to be less sensitive to excitotoxicity based on the activation of @entity143 receptor subtype. All three agents produced histopathological lesions typical for excitotoxic damage. A delayed form of excitotoxicity observed in retina segments was predominated by @entity39 features. However, the activation of apoptotic machinery early during the incubation period subsequent to brief exposure to @entity143 (100 microM) was also present. The activation of caspase enzymes was studied by a fluorometric protease activity assay as well as by western blot analysis. Caspase-3-like activity reached the highest value within 3 h of incubation after exposure to @entity33558 , then the level of enzyme activity declined to lower values. As confirmed by a time-related appearance of TUNEL-positive nuclei, apoptotic features appeared to be specific for retina response to @entity143 . In contrast, the exposure to a 50 microM concentration of KA or @entity140 induced @entity131 which was evident through the incubation, leading to a delayed mechanism of excitotoxicity. These observations provide evidence that in the retinal model, with regard to agonist concentrations and subtype of @entity2227 receptors, the cascade of events leading to excitotoxicity may result in either apoptotic or @entity39 neuronal cell damage.

title: Apoptosis and @entity39 occurring in excitotoxic cell death in isolated XXXX embryo retina.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic cell damage']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity33558 :: ('MESH:D009498', 'Chemical') :: ['excitotoxin']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: @entity1449 -resistant mutants from sake @entity375 show improved fermentative activity in sake mash and @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ). The @entity6371 mechanism is interpreted by overexpression of @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which extrude various kinds of drugs out of a cell. In a @entity1449 -resistant mutant, CTZ21, isolated from the haploid sake @entity375 HL69, the levels of mRNA for three major ABC transporter genes, @entity41157 , @entity50119 , and @entity49103 , markedly increased. These three genes of CTZ21 were disrupted to investigate which participated in the improved fermentative activity of CTZ21. The fermentative activities of deltapdr5 and deltasnq2 strains of CTZ21 were reduced to that of HL69 in the initial and middle stages of fermentation. In the last stage, however, the sake meter [(1/gravity - 1) x 1443] of the deltapdr5 and deltasnq2 strains rose faster than that of HL69. On the other hand, a deltayor1 strain of CTZ21 fermented sake mash in a manner nearly identical to that of CTZ21 until the last stage of fermentation. But in the last stage, fermentation of the deltayor1 slowed down compared with that of CTZ21. A deltayor1 strain of HL69 also exhibited much reduced fermentative activity in the middle and last fermentation stages. The @entity49103 gene seems necessary for sake fermentation to be completed efficiently. The @entity855 content in sake mash brewed with CTZ21 was drastically decreased throughout the whole fermentation period. This low @entity855 level was restored to a medium level in the cases of both the deltapdr5 and deltasnq2 strains of CTZ21. In contrast, the deltayor1 of CTZ21 exhibited a low @entity855 level in sake mash in the same manner as CTZ21. These results suggest that the low @entity855 level of CTZ21 contributes to a certain extent its improved fermentative activity in the initial and middle stages of sake fermentation.

title: Disruption of the ABC transporter genes @entity41157 , @entity49103 , and @entity50119 , and their participation in improved fermentative activity of a sake @entity375 mutant showing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole', 'Clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['pleiotropic drug resistance', 'PDR']

answer: @entity6371 :: (MESH:D018088,Disease) :: ['pleiotropic drug resistance']


abstract: The presence of a large mediastinal mass ( @entity66 ) in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity978 is believed by many to predict a poorer prognosis and to warrant more aggressive treatment. These masses are formed by an aggregate of mediastinal lymph nodes. The determination of @entity66 is confusing, with at least 27 definitions having been proposed. This study seeks to determine the best definition, and determine the role of thoracic computed tomography (CT) versus chest radiographs in the evaluation of mediastinal @entity66 . One hundred seven consecutive newly diagnosed adult @entity1 with @entity978 were evaluated using 13 commonly used definitions of mediastinal bulk. Of the 76 @entity1 with @entity3629 , 73 had @entity66 as defined by at least one definition. Of the 16 @entity1 who had recurrence of @entity3629 , only the presence of @entity66 according to one definition ( @entity3018 , greater than or equal to 2 cm) was statistically significant in its prediction (P = .05). No definition based on the size of the mediastinal nodal mass reliably predicted those @entity1 with recurrence. No differences in our data were found for differing stages or disease cell types, the presence of extension, or with differing treatment regimens. This study highlights the @entity911 and controversy surrounding the use of @entity66 of the mediastinum as an adverse prognostic indicator. The numerous methods of measuring mediastinal bulk in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity978 are confusing, overlap, and are not statistically reliable in predicting recurrence. Efforts to create a standard or ideal definition were unsuccessful. Thoracic CT was useful in those @entity1 whose @entity66 distorted only one side of the mediastinal silhouette on chest radiographs.

title: Mediastinal bulk in XXXX . Method of measurement versus prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['hilar adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['bulk disease']

entities_list: @entity3629 :: ('MESH:D008477', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal disease']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We devised a therapeutic approach to facilitate the use of the @entity2045 (UE) in daily life by combining integrated volitional control electrical stimulation with a wrist splint, called hybrid assistive neuromuscular dynamic stimulation (HANDS). METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with chronic @entity64 (median 17.5 months) had moderate to severe @entity425 . Before and immediately after completing 3 weeks of training in 40-minute sessions, 5 days per week over 3 weeks and wearing the system for 8 hours each day, clinical measures of motor impairment, @entity508 , and UE functional scores, as well as neurophysiological measures including electromyography activity, reciprocal inhibition, and intracortical inhibition were assessed. A follow-up clinical assessment was performed 3 months later. RESULTS: UE motor function, @entity508 , and functional scores improved after the intervention. Neurophysiologically, the intervention induced restoration of presynaptic and long loop inhibitory connections as well as disynaptic reciprocal inhibition. Paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation study indicated disinhibition of the short intracortical inhibition in the affected hemisphere. The follow-up assessment showed that improved UE functions were maintained at 3 months. CONCLUSION: The combination of hand splint and volitional and electrically induced muscle contraction can induce corticospinal plasticity and may offer a promising option for the management of the paretic UE in @entity1 with @entity64 . A larger sample size with randomized controls is needed to demonstrate effectiveness.

title: Motor improvement and corticospinal modulation induced by hybrid assistive neuromuscular dynamic stimulation (HANDS) therapy in XXXX with @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparetic upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['UE weakness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term effects of the emotional freedom technique (EFT) on @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) sufferers. DESIGN: We used a parallel-group design, with @entity1 randomly assigned to the emotional freedom intervention (n = 19) or a control arm (standard care n = 16). SETTING: The study was conducted at the outpatient @entity10 Clinic at the Korgialenio Benakio Hospital of Athens. @entity1 : Thirty-five @entity1 meeting criteria for frequent @entity2701 according to International @entity10 Society guidelines were enrolled. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were instructed to use the EFT method twice a day for two months. OUTCOME MEASURES: Study measures included the Perceived Stress Scale, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and the Short-Form questionnaire-36. Salivary @entity701 levels and the frequency and intensity of @entity10 episodes were also assessed. RESULTS: Within the treatment arm, perceived stress, scores for all Short-Form questionnaire-36 subscales, and the frequency and intensity of the @entity10 episodes were all significantly reduced. No differences in @entity701 levels were found in any group before and after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: EFT was reported to benefit @entity1 with @entity2701 . This randomized controlled trial shows promising results for not only the frequency and severity of @entity10 but also other lifestyle parameters.

title: Effect of the emotional freedom technique on perceived stress, quality of life, and XXXX salivary levels in @entity2701 sufferers: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache', 'TTH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: CONTEXT: The pulsatility of GH secretion in @entity2012 poses difficulty in ascertaining true daily GH milieu in @entity1 with this disease. Intensive GH sampling [every 10-20 (Q10-20) min for 24 h] is not practical in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to ascertain reliability of abbreviated sampling protocols to reflect true 24-h mean GH concentrations in @entity1 with @entity2012 . DESIGN: An analysis of previously obtained plasma GH profiles was performed. SETTING: The analysis was performed at the General Clinical Research Center at the University of Michigan. @entity1 : A total of 115 GH profiles obtained in 94 @entity1 with active @entity2012 were examined. INTERVENTION: Frequent blood sampling, i.e. Q10-20 min for 24 h, was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance of 24-h mean GH concentrations derived from Q10- to 20-min samplings with abbreviated GH sampling schedules was performed. The study was planned after data collection. RESULTS: All abbreviated schedules of GH sampling correlated well with the true 24-h plasma GH means (i.e. Q10- to 20-min sampling) (R = 0.93-0.98; P < 0.0001 for all). In the GH range more than 20 microg/liter, only 5 and 9-h means had R values more than 0.9. Single GH concentrations less than 1 microg/liter had a positive predictive value of only 0.29, and those with less than 2.5 microg/liter had a positive predictive value of 0.67 vs. their corresponding 24-h mean GH values of the same magnitude. CONCLUSIONS: The intensity of GH sampling in @entity1 with @entity2012 may vary depending on the nature of the required information. Investigators and clinicians should be aware of the limitations of the abbreviated GH sampling protocols in @entity2012 .

title: Assessment of the magnitude of growth hormone hypersecretion in active XXXX : reliability of different sampling models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity1 ' knowledge of and attitudes toward the management of @entity5 and to identify, from the @entity1 ' perspectives, factors contributing to effective and ineffective @entity158 relief. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational. SETTING: Ambulatory care oncology facility in Canada. SAMPLE: Convenience sample of 42 @entity1 receiving @entity158 medication for chronic @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 completed a modified version of the @entity1 @entity158 Questionnaire and a demographic questionnaire and responded to two open-ended questions. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: @entity1 ' knowledge of and attitudes toward @entity5 management and their perceptions of factors contributing to effective and ineffective @entity158 relief. FINDINGS: Many @entity1 locked knowledge of the principles involved in effective @entity5 management and had unrealistic concerns about @entity158 medications. Significant negative relationships were found between @entity158 intensity ratings and factors such as @entity1 ' knowledge of @entity158 management, their level of satisfaction with @entity158 relief, and their perception of the goal of @entity158 management. @entity1 identified a number of impediments to effective @entity158 relief, including concerns about addiction and various side effects to @entity158 medications. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 have inadequate knowledge about the management of @entity5 and have unrealistic concerns about @entity158 medications, both of which have been identified in the literature as barriers to effective @entity5 management. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: A need exists for @entity1 education that addresses @entity1 ' misconceptions and concerns about using @entity158 medications and the principles involved in effective @entity5 management.

title: @entity1 ' knowledge of and attitudes toward the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers pain', 'cancer-related pain', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'oral pain', 'pain', 'taking pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer pain']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve the effect of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation by sequential use of intensive chemotherapy, reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC), and prophylactic donor lymphocyte transfusions (pDLTs) in high-risk @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective study of 75 consecutive @entity1 (median age, 52.3 years), high risk was defined by progressive or refractory disease (n = 59), second remission after early relapse (n = 8), or first remission with poor prognosis based on cytogenetics or delayed response to induction therapy (n = 8). Unfavorable karyotypes were found in 49% of informative @entity1 , and 68 @entity1 had medical contraindications against standard conditioning. @entity3118 (30 mg/m2), @entity2592 (2 g/m2), and @entity5257 (100 mg/m2) for 4 days were used for cytoreduction. After 3 days of rest, RIC consisted of 4 Gy total-body irradiation, antithymocyte globulin, and 80 to 120 mg/kg @entity786 . Thirty-one @entity1 had an HLA-identical sibling donor; 44 @entity1 had an unrelated and/or HLA-mismatched donor. pDLT was given from day +120 in @entity1 who were not receiving immunosuppression and were free of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). RESULTS: Complete remission was induced in 66 @entity1 (88%). With a median follow-up of 35.1 months (range, 13.6 to 47.6 months), 2-year overall and @entity1778 -free survival were 42% and 40%, respectively. Outcome of @entity1 with refractory disease or with complex cytogenetic aberrations was identical to that of better prognostic subgroups. Survival was best in @entity1 who received high @entity2280 + cell numbers, and in @entity1 with limited @entity2132 . CONCLUSION: Sequential use of intensive chemotherapy, RIC transplantation, and pDLT represents a promising approach to the treatment of high-risk @entity3052 and @entity2590 , particularly in @entity1 with most unfavorable prognoses.

title: Sequential regimen of chemotherapy, reduced-intensity conditioning for allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, and prophylactic donor lymphocyte transfusion in high-risk XXXX and @entity2590 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GvHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: We examined the relationship between trans-mitral blood flow velocity and left ventricular volume in normal and @entity1184 hearts using cross-sectional Doppler echocardiography. We studied 10 normal subjects and 19 @entity1 with @entity4346 , 9 with @entity472 and 10 with @entity384 . Trans-mitral Doppler flow velocity signals and cross-sectional echocardiograms of the left ventricular short and long axes were digitized in each @entity1 to obtain instantaneous mitral flow velocity, instantaneous left ventricular volume, left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass/volume ratio at end-diastole. Peak velocities during rapid filling (E wave) were similar in all three groups. Peak velocities during atrial systole (A wave) were significantly increased in @entity472 , (124 +/- 28 cm/sec); but were not different from normal in @entity384 (43 +/- 20 cm/sec versus 32 +/- 9 cm/sec). The peak A/E velocity ratio was elevated in @entity472 1.47 +/- 0.30, but in @entity384 it was similar to normal hearts (0.47 +/- 0.23 versus 0.54 +/- 0.15). The percentages of left ventricular filling achieved at the time of the peak E wave, the end of rapid filling, and at the time of the peak A wave were similar in all three @entity1 groups. There was no correlation between blood flow velocities at peak E wave, peak A wave or the A/E velocity ratio and left ventricular volume or mass. There was a significant correlation between peak A velocities and left ventricular muscle/cavity areas (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). There was a similarly close correlation between the peak A/E velocity ratios and left ventricular muscle/cavity areas (r = 0.80; P less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between instantaneous trans-mitral blood flow velocity and instantaneous left ventricular volume in normal and XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophied']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity189 are a group of rare and aggressive @entity1489 . Management of these @entity5 is not well codified. @entity1 AND METHOD: The authors present a retrospective and single-center study of six cases. Surgery was performed between November 2005  and February 2008. RESULT: Pathological study revealed two syringoideccrine @entity189 , one @entity189 , two @entity189 , and one extra-ocular sebaceous @entity5 . In five cases, complete excision was guided by extemporaneous examination. In five cases, reconstructive surgery involved loco-regional skin flaps: two Abb   flaps, one Webster flap, one lifting @entity38574 flap, one submental flap, and one LLL flap. One case of relapse occurred, at 40months. Several particular characteristics of these @entity5 are shown in this study. They often follow a non-specific and discrete clinical course, are deeply infiltrated with a perineural tropism in some forms, and are preferentially located in the mid-face. Risks of incomplete excision and relapse are high. CONCLUSION: Complete excision is absolutely necessary in the management of these @entity5 , especially if reconstructive surgery is performed. Extemporaneous examination was in our experience a good option, particularly in the case of large labial or eyelid excisions.

title: [Six cases of XXXX with reconstruction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'tricholemmal carcinomas', 'microcystic adnexal carcinoma', 'Adnexial carcinomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['facial adnexial carcinomas']


abstract: Dose-response experiments were performed to establish an optimum concentration of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) in liquid diet formulations for use with a @entity19 model (C57B1/6) of potential biological effects attributable to @entity167 consumption. An optimum concentration was predetermined to be the highest @entity167 concentration consumed by @entity19 without resulting in a loss of body weight. Feeding trials were performed using @entity167 concentrations that ranged from 25 to 36% @entity1068 -derived calories (EDC) during 7-day experiments, or 10 to 30% EDC fed during 21-day experiments. The parameters studied included body weight changes, diet consumptions, daily g @entity167 kg-1 body weight, as well as differences in mononuclear cell numbers from the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. Diet consumptions by the @entity167 groups and pair-fed (PF) groups were monitored by weight rather than by volume. During either 7-day or 21-day trials, diet consumptions were lower by groups receiving diets of higher @entity167 concentrations; however, daily @entity167 intake was maximal by groups fed diets of 25% EDC in all experiments. These @entity19 also gained weight, whereas @entity19 maintained on 30% EDC did not gain weight, and @entity19 maintained on diets of 33 or 36% EDC lost significant body weight. Body weight changes in PF groups were similar to their respective @entity167 group. Changes in mononuclear cell numbers of the spleen and thymus paralleled the changes seen in body weights. In the 7-day trials, cell counts declined progressively in groups maintained on diets of high EDC (> or = 30% EDC) or their PF controls. From the 21-day trials, cell counts of both the 30% EDC group and their PF controls declined, compared with all other groups. Together, the conclusion drawn from these findings was that nutritional stress was principally responsible for the mononuclear cell depletions. This contradicts previous reports and highlights the need for strict attention to the pairfeeding paradigm to avoid masking a nutritional component of such studies through overfeeding of the PF controls. Liquid diets of 25% EDC were determined to be optimal for immunological studies using a @entity19 model, because this concentration maximizes @entity167 consumption and maintains body weight of the experimental animals.

title: Dose response to @entity1068 -containing liquid diets for use in a XXXX model for studies of biological effects due to @entity1068 consumption.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity810 is the most common complication of @entity5925 , with an 8-20% reported incidence. In particular, @entity5925 associated with @entity810 is frequently observed in critically ill @entity1 , with a 6-16% reported incidence in Intensive Care Units. Dialytic treatment is necessary to correct hydroelectrolytic imbalance and renal function alterations and it may be a pathogenetic therapy by myoglobin removal. In the present study we evaluated our experience on @entity1 suffering from @entity5925 and @entity810 subjected to dialytic treatment. We retrospectively studied 28 @entity1 , 17 admitted in our Intensive Care Unit (ICU- @entity1 ) and treated by continuous renal replacement therapy (particularly by continuous venovenous hemofiltration, continuous venovenous hemodialysis and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration) and 11 admitted in our Nephrology Department (NICU- @entity1 ) and treated by high-efficiency daily hemodialysis. We excluded one ICU- @entity1 from the study because she was affected with lung end-stage @entity5 and it would have been difficult to evaluate the effects of the dialytic treatment on RML biochemical index and on her final outcome. ICU- @entity1 were older, with a mean age of 64 +/- 10 yrs, and were suffering from @entity881 and typical elderly diseases, such as @entity712 , except from 3 @entity1 with @entity879 resulting from @entity4968 , who were relatively younger. In NICU- @entity1 , instead, the mean age was 36 +/- 16 yrs and the causes of RML were narcotic drugs abuse, repetitive @entity410 and vigorous exercise, more frequently observed in young @entity1 . In three relatively older NICU- @entity1 RML was due to lipid lowering drugs assumption. Before starting the dialytic treatment, in ICU- @entity1 @entity9153 plasma level was 2615 +/- 3586, while K+ was 5.10 +/- 1.08 and sCr was 5.69 +/- 4.06 In NICU- @entity1 , on the other hand, @entity9153 was 14273 +/- 9266, while K+ was 5.75 +/- 0.92 and sCr was 5.9 +/- 0.4. ICU- @entity1 mortality rate was 50% (8/16 @entity1 ) in spite of the good recovery of renal function and the biochemical RML indexes improvement. In NICU- @entity1 , instead, only one @entity1 died for septic complications (he was a @entity29908 and suffered from @entity1445 ). Early dialytic treatment of RML allows not only to avoid life-threatening complications (first of all the @entity810 ) but moreover it's a pathogenetic treatment because it removes great amount of myoglobin from the plasma. Beside this, continuous renal replacement therapy allows a successful management of critically ill @entity1 with severe hemodynamic conditions. Nevertheless, the final outcome may be very different between ICU- and NICU- @entity1 , with a higher mortality rate in ICU- @entity1 , suffering from @entity881 .

title: Dialytic treatment of XXXX -induced @entity810 : our experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and respiratory chronic failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity29908 :: ('MESH:D006556', 'Disease') :: ['heroin-addict']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdose syndrome']

answer: @entity5925 :: (MESH:D012206,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyolysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to review our experience with the surgical treatment of 110 @entity1 with an @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Furthermore, we focus especially on 37 @entity1695 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1978 and 1996 we treated 110 @entity1 for an @entity1028 . It concerned 101 @entity1 and nine @entity1 with mean age of 66.8 years. Emergency surgery was performed in 32 @entity1 (13 @entity397 ) and elective surgery in 78 @entity1 (only 23 asymptomatic). The @entity1028 diagnosis was made by CT scan preoperatively in 40% of the @entity1 . Compression of 37 ureters in 23 @entity1 (14 bilateral, 9 unilateral) was noticed and ureteral stenting was performed preoperatively in nine @entity1 (12 ureters). The surgical approach was median laparotomy (88 @entity1 ) or retroperitoneal approach (21 @entity1 ). One @entity1 was treated with an endovascular Min-Tec Stentor aortic graft by femoral approach. Suprarenal clamping was necessary in 44 @entity1 . Ureterolysis of 23 ureters was performed. Three peroperative iatrogenic lesions were successfully treated intraoperatively. RESULTS: Fatal complications occurred in nine @entity1 (8%), five @entity1 after urgent surgery and four @entity1 after elective surgery, all of them related to technical problems. Non fatal complications occurred in 22 @entity1 , @entity177 was most important in ten @entity1 (two permanent dialysis). The mean follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 0.5 to 15 years). Late survival was 68% at 5 years and 42% after 10 years. Seven @entity1 presented late graft related complications, one fatal. In 14 surviving @entity1 with 21 ureterolysed ureters, one needed a nefrectomy and one a bilateral Boari-plasty. In eight surviving @entity1 with 11 stented ureters, one @entity1 needed a small bowel interposition for ureteral stricture. After CT evaluation, all ureteral stents were removed 3 to 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Surgery for @entity1028 is quite complex. Mortality and morbidity are often associated with emergency or combined vascular and non vascular procedures. 2. When carefull operative repair is performed with minimal dissection of structures from the aneurysmal wall, excellent results can be expected. 3. Ureteral compression should be treated by ureteral stenting, preoperatively, to facilitate ureterolysis or even to avoid it. Regular follow-up CT control is recommended.

title: Inflammatory XXXX . A retrospective study of 110 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstructions']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['IAAA', 'inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Although carotid shunting is occasionally necessary to prevent @entity2806 during carotid endarterectomy, there is no reliable indication for this procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether @entity3791 stress brain-perfusion SPECT can predict the need for carotid shunting during carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: Basal and @entity3791 stress brain-perfusion SPECT imaging was performed using a 1-d protocol and @entity36766 (ECD) in 75 @entity1 (12 @entity1 , 63 @entity1 ; mean age, 64.8 y) before carotid endarterectomy. The need for carotid shunting during carotid endarterectomy was determined by the development of @entity16 after carotid clamping under regional anesthesia. Regional cerebral blood flow, cerebrovascular reserve, the presence of @entity543 (> or =70%), and clinical risk factors, including age, sex, history of minor @entity64 or transient @entity63 , @entity6 , @entity101 , and smoking, were assessed with regard to whether they could predict the need for shunting. RESULTS: Carotid endarterectomy was performed safely without carotid shunting in 61 of 75 @entity1 (81.3%). Carotid shunting was required in 14 @entity1 (18.7%). Seven of 21 @entity1 with a @entity543 , 9 of 41 with a reduced regional cerebral blood flow, and 11 of 30 with a reduced regional cerebrovascular reserve underwent carotid shunting. @entity1 with a reduced cerebrovascular reserve had a significantly higher number of carotid shunts performed (P < 0.01) than did those with a normal reserve, whereas @entity543 (P = 0.054) showed borderline significance. Reduced cerebral blood flow and clinical risk factors did not predict the need for carotid shunting (P > 0.1). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that reduced cerebrovascular reserve was the only reliable predictor of the need for carotid shunting (P < 0.01). When a severely reduced cerebrovascular reserve (8/8) or reduced cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reserve with @entity543 (6/7) were present, carotid shunting was necessary, with positive and negative predictive values of 91% (10/11) and 94% (60/64), respectively. CONCLUSION: A reduced cerebrovascular reserve can predict the development of @entity2806 during carotid clamping. @entity3791 stress brain-perfusion SPECT may be useful as a complementary method in determining selective carotid shunting during carotid endarterectomy.

title: XXXX stress brain-perfusion SPECT predicts the need for carotid shunting during carotid endarterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide', 'Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity36766 :: ('MESH:C059659', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity3791 :: (MESH:D000086,Chemical) :: ['Acetazolamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repetitive activities in the workplace can not only jeopardize the median nerve across the @entity85 , such as the ligaments, synovia, tendons and muscles producing @entity158 , and local tenderness at the wrist, elbow, and shoulder. The occurrence of this latter condition can dominate the overall clinical picture and affect the outcome of treatments for this very common condition. METHODS: A clinical evaluation of 30 @entity1 who previously underwent a successful and uncomplicated carpal tunnel release surgery was conducted. These @entity1 were referred back for another electrodiagnostic study to consider the possibility of persistent or recurrent nerve entrapment. These @entity1 all had @entity4512 and local tenderness at the wrist, elbow, and shoulder as their primary and disabling symptoms; and @entity1109 as their less disabling complaints. RESULTS: All @entity1 reported significant resolution of their @entity1109 following surgery but their musculoskeletal symptoms persisted preventing them from returning to their original occupation. Fifty percent showed mild to moderate improvement in their electrophysiologic abnormalities but none had complete normalization of nerve conduction. Few @entity1 developed symptoms of sympathetic nerve overactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity1 suffering from @entity923 may present with a disabling @entity4512 and local tenderness in the upper extremities that can persist following surgery despite resolution of @entity1109 . These two symptom complexes, although both sequelae of repetitive activities, have fundamental clinicopathologic differences that must be recognized because of their therapeutic, prognostic, and medico-legal implications.

title: @entity4512 in XXXX : prognostic and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel but also the musculoskeletal structures']

answer: @entity923 :: (MESH:D002349,Disease) :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcome of 200 @entity1 with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) who were treated at a single institution and followed up prospectively. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: A @entity674 is a @entity242 that arises from the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment because adjuvant therapy is unproven. METHODS: Two hundred @entity1 with malignant @entity674 were admitted and treated at Memorial Hospital during the past 16 years. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment variables were analyzed to identify patterns of @entity5 recurrence and factors that predict survival. RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity1 , 46% had @entity66 without @entity3 , 47% had @entity3 , and 7% had isolated local recurrence. In @entity1 with @entity66 who underwent complete resection of gross disease (n = 80), the 5-year actuarial survival rate was 54%, and survival was predicted by @entity5 size but not microscopic margins of resection. Recurrence of disease after resection was predominantly intraabdominal and involved the original @entity5 site, peritoneum, and liver. CONCLUSIONS: GISTs are uncommon @entity242 . @entity5 size predicts disease-specific survival in @entity1 with @entity66 who undergo complete gross resection. @entity5 recurrence tends to be intraabdominal. Investigational protocols are indicated to reduce the rate of recurrence after resection and to improve the outcome for @entity1 with @entity674 .

title: Two hundred XXXX : recurrence patterns and prognostic factors for survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'visceral sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity231 surgery is one of the most successful procedures in the last decades. In this paper we present the evolution and the treatment results in four cases of post @entity231 surgery @entity892 , analyzing the causes influencing the outcome of strabismus. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the last three years, four cases of post @entity231 surgery @entity892 have been diagnosed in the Ophthalmological Clinic of Cluj. The surgical procedure used in all four @entity1 was phacoemulsification and artificial lens implantation. The @entity1 received para- or retrobulbar @entity3303 2- % anesthesia. @entity15170 was present in all @entity1 , with a variable time of onset. The evolution of @entity892 decided the therapeutic attitude. One @entity1 was treated with extraocular muscle surgery. The second one received prismatic optical correction. In one @entity1 @entity892 disappeared spontaneously after one month of evolution. The fourth @entity1 refused surgical correction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The two treated @entity1 (surgery and prismatic optical correction) had a favorable outcome. The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. @entity137 is the main cause of ocular deviations and @entity892 after @entity231 surgery. 2. The inferior rectus muscle is the most frequently affected. 3. @entity15170 is the most frequent @entity2194 . 4. Post @entity231 surgery @entity892 may disappear spontaneously or can be treated surgically (extraocular muscle surgery) or optically (prismatic optical correction).

title: [ @entity892 through XXXX after @entity231 surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxic myopathy']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic myopathy']


abstract: We previously reported that @entity419 positron emission tomography scan (FDG-PET) is almost universally positive in @entity1 with @entity784 . In the present analysis we examined the impact of FDG-PET on the initial staging of peripheral T cell @entity706 (PTCLs), and the prognostic value of interim FDG-PET. This retrospective analysis identified @entity1 with mature T or natural killer (NK) @entity706 who had PET scans as part of initial staging or staging at relapse [(n = 95) (staging cohort)] in the PTCL database at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. A subset of these @entity1 had repeat PET for interim restaging during initial therapy with curative intent [(n = 50) (interim restaging cohort)]. The frequency of specific T cell histologies included in this analysis were: PTCL not otherwise specified (NOS) (n = 35); angioimmunoblastic @entity784 (AITL) (n = 17); @entity2108 ( @entity2108 ), @entity9511 + (n = 11) and @entity9511 - (n = 12); adult T cell @entity706 (ATLL) (n = 7); NK/ @entity784 (NKTCL) (n = 10); and @entity784 ( @entity784 ) (n = 3). In the staging cohort, 77 @entity1 were newly diagnosed, and 18 had @entity66 . Pretreatment FDG-PET was positive in 96% of @entity1 . PET identified additional disease sites in 47/95 @entity1 (50%) when added to conventional staging. Most frequently identified additional sites were: other nodal (n = 24); bone (n = 10); skin (n = 8); nasopharynx (n = 4); spleen (n = 3); and lung (n = 2). However, FDG-PET modified computed tomography (CT)-based staging in only 5/95 @entity1 (5.2%): two @entity1 were upstaged and three @entity1 were downstaged. FDG-PET-based staging did not alter planned treatment for any @entity1 . Interim restaging with PET was performed after a median of 4 cycles of chemotherapy. In this cohort, treatment regimens included @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 and @entity229 @entity3726 (n = 19); @entity3726 / @entity1260 , @entity3003 and @entity2879 (ICE) (n = 26); and other (n = 7). Subsequently, 29 @entity1 were consolidated with either autologous (n = 22) or allogeneic (n = 7) stem cell transplant. After a median follow-up of 3.4 years for surviving @entity1 , those with negative interim PET had superior progression-free survival (PFS) compared to @entity1 with positive interim PET (p = 0.03). There were no differences in overall survival (OS). In PTCL, FDG-PET commonly identifies additional sites of disease but infrequently impacts CT-based staging and does not influence therapy. Interim FDG-PET may predict for PFS. FDG-PET should be integrated into prospective trials to confirm these findings.

title: XXXX positron emission tomography in the staging and prognosis of @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma/leukemia', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relapsed disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma', 'T cell lymphoma', 'EATL']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2108 :: ('MESH:D017728', 'Disease') :: ['ALCL', 'anaplastic large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['18F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: A "second generation" antibody to a highly purified lymphocyte product was raised in a @entity1237 against material eluted from a rabbit anti-guinea pig lymphokine immunoadsorbent column. This anti-lymphokine serum, in constrast to @entity2214 ( @entity2214 ) did not appear to contain cytotoxic antibodies directed against membrane antigens on @entity840 lymph node lymphocytes. Furthermore, the anti-lymphokine serum did not inhibit the formation of spontaneous T rosettes nor significantly depress lymphocyte response to mitogens. The anti-lymphokine serum totally suppressed the delayed skin reactivity to @entity4035 and contact sensitivity to @entity3304 when injected intradermally around the site of antigen challenge. By contrast, intradermally injected @entity2214 did not appear to suppress the @entity4035 response in sensitized @entity840 . Intravenously and i.p. administered anti-lymphokine serum was somewhat less effective in suppressing the delayed skin response to @entity4035 . The intradermal injection of the antiserum had no effect on nonspecific @entity32 evoked by @entity18409 -olive oil or on the extravasation of circulating Evans blue evoked by intradermally injected @entity112 . Histologic examination of 24-hr @entity3304 -induced @entity272 from sensitized @entity840 treated with intradermally injected anti-lymphokine serum showed marked reduction of mononuclear infiltration of the dermis and of epidermal lesions, as compared with skin sites taken from sensitized animals pretreated with normal goat serum. The anti-lymphokine serum injected i.v. also markedly reduced the perivascular infiltration of the dermis and subcutis in skin reaction sites from sensitized animals challenged with @entity4035 . Intravenous treatment with @entity2214 for 3 consecutive days caused extensive depletion of the paracortical areas of peripheral lymph nodes whereas treatment with normal serum and anti-lymphokine serum caused no such depletion. It is proposed that the anti-lymphokine serum is directed against activated lymphocyte products, one of them being @entity35589 . These products are involved in the mediation of delayed @entity56 reactions. This is in marked contrast to @entity2214 , the suppressive action of which appears to be central rather than peripheral.

title: Antibodies to @entity840 lymphokines. II. Suppression of delayed XXXX reactions by a "second generation" goat antibody against @entity840 lymphokines.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'anti-lymphocyte serum']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity18409 :: ('MESH:D014425', 'Chemical') :: ['turpentine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The repair of a @entity547 is a difficult procedure that nonetheless results in a high rate of recurrence. The laparoscopic approach is a promising new technique for more efficacious treatment of this condition. This is the first report in the English-language literature to describe the use of this approach for the correction of poststernotomy @entity547 . METHODS: Information was retrieved from the @entity1 ' hospitalization and outpatient clinic files. Of 984 @entity1 who had a median sternotomy, 10 developed a substernal subxiphoid @entity547 . These @entity1 had all been treated laparoscopically using Gore-Tex mesh. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were admitted electively and one urgently. The @entity4438 sizes were 4-15 cm (mean, 8.5) in length. Intraabdominal content was adherent to the @entity547 in six @entity1 ; in the other four cases, the defect was adhesion free. In four @entity1 , an incidental surgical procedure was performed (three cholecystectomies and one @entity169 repair using the trans abdominal preperitoneal [TAPP] technique). The operations lasted 25-120 min (average, 55). No @entity204 occurred as a result of the operations, and none of the operations was converted to an open procedure. Three @entity1 had @entity260 . During 20-42 months of follow-up, one @entity1 suffered a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic repair of a poststernotomy subxiphoideal @entity547 is feasible and has a low rate of minor complications. Our review of the literature indicates that this technique produces a better outcome than the conventional open repair.

title: Laparoscopic repair of poststernotomy subxiphoid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial defect']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['minor postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['subxyphoid hernia', 'hernia', 'epigastric hernia', 'subxiphoideal hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['epigastric hernia']


abstract: T cell precursors homed to thymus develop in close contact with stromal cells. Among them, thymic epithelial cells (TEC) are known to exert dominant roles in their survival and functional shaping. Key molecules mediating TEC/thymocytes interactions include cytokines and growth factors secreted by the two cell types and adhesion receptors mediating cell contact. Signaling events triggered in thymocytes by adhesion to epithelial cells have been extensively investigated, whereas little is known on the opposite phenomenon. We have previously investigated this issue in a co-culture system composed of TEC cultures derived from @entity1 normal thymus and heterologous thymocytes. We demonstrated that thymocytes adhere to TEC involving @entity10483 and @entity537 integrins and induce the clustering of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 heterodimers at the TEC surface. In addition thymocyte adhesion was followed by activation of NF-kappaB and @entity9322 gene transcription factors and enhanced @entity650 production. The two latter phenomena were reproduced by the cross-linking of the @entity537 integrins, thus implying that the alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 heterodimers can signal during thymocyte adhesion. We have extended our previous work investigating in the same experimental setting the inducing activity of non stimulated or activated policlonal or clonal mature T cells as representative of the more mature thymocyte subset. We found that adhesion of unstimulated T cell i) involved @entity10483 , but not @entity537 integrin functions at the surface ii) induced the clustering of alpha3beta1, but not alpha2beta1 heterodimers at the TEC surface and iii) up-regulated the nuclear binding activity of NF-kappaB transcription factor and the @entity650 secretion. We propose that alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 heterodimers are induced to cluster at the TEC surface recognizing yet unknown cellular ligands differentially expressed during T cell development.

title: Adhesion of immature and mature T cells induces in @entity1 thymic epithelial cells (TEC) activation of @entity650 gene trascription factors (NF-kappaB and @entity9322 ) and XXXX gene expression: role of alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta4 integrins.

entities_list: @entity537 :: ('10381', 'Gene') :: ['alpha3, alpha6, beta1 and beta4', 'beta4']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that swimming is often recommended for the prevention and treatment of @entity101 , no study has examined the potential efficacy of regular swimming exercise for lowering the blood pressure in @entity101 @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that regular swimming exercise lowers the resting blood pressure. DESIGN: A 10-week closely supervised swimming training program compared with a non-exercising control group. @entity1 : Eighteen previously sedentary @entity1 and @entity1 [aged 48 +/- 2 years (mean +/- SEM)] with stage 1 or 2 essential @entity101 . RESULTS: The resting heart rated, an index of cardiovascular adaptation, decreased in the swimming training group from 81 +/- 4 to 71 +/- 3 beats/min (P < 0.01). The body mass and body fat percentage did not show statistically significant changes. The systolic blood pressure of @entity1 in the seated position fell significantly (P < 0.05) from 150 +/- 5 to 144 +/- 4 mmHg. The seated diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly. A similar magnitude of @entity551 (P < 0.05) was also found in @entity1 in the supine position. No significant changes in plasma @entity2922 concentrations, casual forearm vascular resistance, plasma volume and blood volume were observed. There were no significant changes in any of these variables in the control group. CONCLUSION: Swimming training elicits significant @entity551 at rest in individuals with @entity101 . This is a clinically important finding since swimming can be a highly useful alternative to land-based exercises for @entity101 @entity1 with @entity28 , exercise-induced @entity565 , or orthopedic injuries.

title: Swimming training lowers the resting blood pressure in individuals with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reductions in arterial blood pressure', 'reductions in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In recurrent @entity1498 collateral circulation may not be sufficient to maintain adequate perfusion of the lower body during the period of surgical repair. Different techniques such as interposition of a Gott-shunt, use of left heart bypass or hypothermic @entity1167 are used to prevent @entity1566 . METHODS: Twenty-eight operations for recurrent @entity1498 were performed in 26 @entity1 following end-to-end @entity254 (58%), patch plasty (21%), subclavian flap aortoplasty (14%) and graft interposition (7%). Associated @entity299 were present in 77% of the @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 who had adequate (> 50 mmHg) distal perfusion pressure during a test occlusion were operated on using simple cross-clamping (group I, mean age 8.5 +/- 3.8 years). In group I, end-to-end @entity254 was performed in nine @entity1 and graft interposition in two @entity1 . In 17 cases (including two @entity1 from group I) with insufficient collateral circulation and with persistent @entity509 of the arch, hypothermic @entity1167 was used (group II, mean age 12.8 +/- 9.6 years). In group II end-to-end @entity254 was performed in three @entity1 and graft interposition in 14 @entity1 . Mean bypass-time was 116 +/- 36 min and arrest-time 33 +/- 16 min. Hypothermic @entity1167 was begun when nasopharyngeal temperature was below 20 degrees C, corresponding to a rectal temperature of 24 +/- 3 degrees C. RESULTS: Hypothermic @entity1167 allowed open reconstruction of the arch and/or complete or partial replacement of the arch and the @entity1498 segment. In-hospital mortality was 0 and 5.9% in group I and II, respectively. The one @entity1 who died in group II had simultaneous correction of an @entity358 and @entity204 was unrelated to the method of @entity1498 repair. Reversible laryngeal nerve paresis was observed in two @entity1 in group II, no other neurologic complications were observed in either group. Postoperative gradients over the repair site were less than 20 mmHg by Doppler-echocardiography. Two @entity1 of group I had to have a second, early reoperation because of @entity850 at the anastomotic site. Reconstruction of the distal aortic arch was then performed during hypothermic @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of hypothermic @entity1167 in this special indication is a safe method which allows open reconstruction of the @entity1498 site and the aortic arch and protection of the spinal cord. The need for early reoperation because of inadequate repair may be reduced.

title: Spinal cord protection using hypothermic XXXX in extended repair of recoarctation and persistent hypoplastic aortic arch.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiocirculatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiocirculatory arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a common disease with many potential complications, is strongly associated with @entity28 . Alterations in food consumption can dramatically alter @entity413 control in individuals with @entity6 . @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ) is also closely associated with @entity28 . The nature of the relationship, if any, between @entity6 and @entity5550 is unclear. METHODS: Forty-three individuals (23 females, 20 males) with @entity6 were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity915 -I), the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), and the Impact of Weight Scale. The most recent hemoglobin A1c level was recorded. Height and weight were also measured. RESULTS: Eleven subjects (25.6%) were diagnosed with @entity5550 . Individuals with @entity5550 had higher body mass index (BMI) scores, higher TFEQ Disinhibition and Hunger scores, and higher scores on all Impact of Weight subscales (except eating) compared with those without @entity5550 . Glycosylated hemoglobin levels did not differ between the two groups (8.1% vs. 8.4%; p = 0.553). DISCUSSION: Rates of @entity5550 in subjects with @entity6 were substantial. Other types of psychopathology were also common. Although glycosylated hemoglobin levels were similar in @entity1 with and without @entity5550 , the presence of @entity5550 was associated with greater @entity28 . Assessment for @entity5550 is an important aspect of the management of @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Binge eating and other psychopathology in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Type II DM', 'Type II diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'Binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic cranial irradiation reduces the incidence of @entity75 in @entity1 with @entity151 . Whether this treatment, when given to @entity1 in complete remission, improves survival is not known. We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether prophylactic cranial irradiation prolongs survival. METHODS: We analyzed individual data on 987 @entity1 with @entity151 in complete remission who took part in seven trials that compared prophylactic cranial irradiation with no prophylactic cranial irradiation. The main end point was survival. RESULTS: The relative risk of @entity204 in the treatment group as compared with the control group was 0.84 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.97; P= 0.01), which corresponds to a 5.4 percent increase in the rate of survival at three years (15.3 percent in the control group vs. 20.7 percent in the treatment group). Prophylactic cranial irradiation also increased the rate of disease-free survival (relative risk of recurrence or @entity204 , 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.86; P<0.001) and decreased the cumulative incidence of @entity75 (relative risk, 0.46; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.57; P<0.001). Larger doses of radiation led to greater decreases in the risk of @entity75 , according to an analysis of four total doses (8 Gy, 24 to 25 Gy, 30 Gy, and 36 to 40 Gy) (P for trend=0.02), but the effect on survival did not differ significantly according to the dose. We also identified a trend (P=0.01) toward a decrease in the risk of @entity75 with earlier administration of cranial irradiation after the initiation of induction chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic cranial irradiation improves both overall survival and disease-free survival among @entity1 with @entity151 in complete remission.

title: Prophylactic cranial irradiation for XXXX with @entity151 in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain metastasis']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A chitosan plate assay was employed to screen for chitosanase-producing bacterial strains and isolate 141 was found to exhibit high activity. Characterization of this isolate revealed that it belonged to Mitsuaria (designated as Mitsuaria sp. 141). The encoded chitosanase (choA) gene was then cloned by PCR and the deduced @entity535 sequence showed 98% identity to a formerly described Mitsuaria chitosanitabida 3001 ChoA (McChoA). Surprisingly, the ChoA encoded by Mitsuaria sp. 141 (MsChoA) appeared to have a much higher optimum temperature compared to McChoA. Site-directed mutagenesis was then employed to generate five MschoA mutant genes encoding MsChoA @entity51904 , @entity51905 , @entity51906 , @entity51905 / @entity51906 , or @entity51904 / @entity51905 / @entity51906 . All the ChoA mutants exhibited a much lower specific activity and a lower optimum temperature. The results confirmed that the substitution of three non-conserved @entity1522 accounts for the major reduction of the enzyme activity in MsChoA. Furthermore, the MschoA gene was cloned for over-expression in @entity10056 after coding sequence optimization. One of the @entity10056 transformants with Mut(S) phenotype was found to produce 1,480.2        340.9  U ChoA mL(-1) of cell culture by high-cell-density fermentation. This represents the highest yield of recombinant ChoA production that has ever been reported thus far. The recombinant @entity10056 should therefore be well suited for industrial-scale production of chitosanase.

title: Mitsuaria chitosanase with unrevealed important XXXX residues: characterization and enhanced production in @entity10056 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['P. pastoris strain', 'Pichia pastoris', 'P. pastoris']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibrinolytic therapy for @entity583 ( @entity583 ) results in normal flow in only about half of @entity1 . Adjunctive treatment with potent antiplatelet and antithrombin agents increases arterial patency but is associated with excessive @entity548 . Cangrelor (formerly @entity37502 ) is a rapidly acting, specific antagonist of @entity1423 via binding to the @entity857 @entity3075 receptor subtype. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and coronary artery patency of cangrelor as an adjunct to alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator [ @entity3479 ]). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity583 received @entity117 , heparin, and an intravenous infusion of either cangrelor alone, full-dose @entity3479 alone, or 1 of 3 doses of cangrelor along with half-dose @entity3479 . The primary end point was Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) grade 3 flow at 60 minutes. Secondary end points included TIMI frame count, TIMI myocardial perfusion grade, extent of ST-segment resolution, composite clinical events, and @entity548 . RESULTS: Ninety-two of planned 180 @entity1 were enrolled. The combination of cangrelor and half-dose @entity3479 resulted in similar 60-minute patency as full-dose @entity3479 alone (55% vs 50%, P = not significant) and greater patency than with cangrelor alone (55% vs 18%, P < .05). The percentage of @entity1 achieving >70% ST-segment resolution at 60 minutes tended to be greater with combination therapy than with either cangrelor or @entity3479 alone (28% vs 13%, P = .13 and 28% vs 14%, P = .30, respectively). Bleeding and adverse clinical events were comparable among the groups. CONCLUSION: This first experience with the intravenous @entity3075 receptor inhibitor, cangrelor, suggests the potential of this compound as an adjunct to fibrinolysis during treatment of @entity583 .

title: Preliminary experience with intravenous XXXX platelet receptor inhibition as an adjunct to reduced-dose alteplase during @entity583 : results of the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on Patency in Acute @entity583 (STEP- @entity583 ) angiographic trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity3075 :: (64805,Gene) :: ['P2Y12']


abstract: A literature review was performed to determine when direct exchange was most likely to be successful. Twelve reports provided outcome data on infected hip replacements treated with direct exchange. The average duration of followup was 4.8 years, but the range was broad (0.1-17.1 years). Of the 1,299 infected hip replacements treated with direct exchange, 1,077 (83%) were thought to be free of @entity281 at the last followup. Antibiotic-impregnated bone cement was used in 1,282 of the cases (99%). There was wide variability in the duration of parenteral antibiotic therapy, ranging from just 24 hours to as many as 8 weeks. In some cases, no oral antibiotics ever were given, whereas in others, oral antibiotics were given for as many as 8 months after parenteral therapy. Factors associated with a successful direct exchange included: (1) absence of wound complications after the initial total hip replacement; (2) good general health of the @entity1 ; (3) @entity3256 -sensitive @entity5938 , @entity794 , and Streptococcus species; and (4) an organism that was sensitive to the antibiotic mixed into the bone cement. Factors associated with failure included: (1) @entity325 ; (2) gram-negative organisms, especially Pseudomonas species; and (3) certain gram-positive organisms such as @entity3256 -resistant @entity5938 and Group D Streptococcus. @entity3256 -resistant organisms have become more common. Many current revision surgical techniques use cementless implants. Fixation without any cement (no depot antibiotics) may be a contraindication to direct exchange. Additionally, there essentially are no data on the use of bone graft in association with direct exchange. For these reasons, the indications for direct exchange are limited.

title: Limited role of direct exchange arthroplasty in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infected total hip replacements']


abstract: We evaluated the @entity137 and activity of @entity136 (Gemzar; Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) and @entity3003 on a 3-week (trial A) versus a 4-week (trial B) schedule in @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1149 . Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 in trial A received @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 plus @entity3003 area under the curve of 5 on day 1, every 3 weeks. In trial B, @entity1 received @entity136 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 and @entity3003 area under the curve of 6 on day 1, every 4 weeks. Thirty @entity1 were enrolled in trial A and 28 in trial B. @entity1 received a total of 142 cycles in trial A and 134 in trial B. Despite more frequent treatment delays (82 cycles in trial B and 20 cycles in trial A), and dose reductions/omissions (mainly on day 15), @entity136 mean dose intensities of both schedules were similar. The principal dose-limiting @entity137 was grade 3/4 @entity882 . Objective response rates were 40% in trial A and 68% in trial B (no complete response). @entity136 and @entity3003 administered on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks is associated with lower myelotoxicity than that of a 4-week schedule, although both schedules were active against @entity1149 . Semin Oncol 28 (suppl 10):10-14.

title: A prospective study of @entity136 and @entity3003 as first-line therapy in advanced XXXX : @entity137 of a three- versus a four-week schedule.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and clinical behavior in atypical and low-grade malignant @entity5513 . STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective case review in conjunction with a histopathologic and immunohistochemical proliferation marker study of archival specimens. DATA SOURCES: A tertiary referral center's anatomic pathology and @entity5513 computerized databases. METHODS: The diagnosis of atypical or low-grade malignant @entity5513 was based on the number of mitotic figures present per @entity5 slide. @entity1758 labeling indices were used to compare the proliferative activity of the atypical and low-grade malignant groups with that in an age-matched and size-matched control group. RESULTS: Eight cases of atypical and six cases of low-grade malignant @entity5513 were diagnosed from 1990 to 1998. In the atypical and low-grade malignant groups, respectively, the average @entity1 age was 54.3 years (range, 38-74 yr) and 50 years (range, 38-72 yr), and the average total @entity5 size was 1.53 cm (range, 0.7-3.5 cm) and 1.55 cm (range, 1.5-2 cm). Two recurrences were identified from the low-grade malignant group, and there was one postoperative House-Brackmann @entity425 . There were no recurrences or @entity3541 in the atypical group. No distant @entity3 or aggressive local invasion was observed in either group. @entity1758 labeling indices were significantly (p < or = 0.001) higher in the atypical (4.69%) and low-grade malignant (5.23%) groups than in the control group (1.99%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a tendency for recurrence in @entity5 ; however, the designation of @entity5 should be reconsidered.

title: Atypical and low-grade malignant XXXX : clinical implications of proliferative activity.

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'proliferative tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsies']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: Previous findings indicate that cholinergic input to the medial prefrontal cortex may modulate mnemonic processes. The present experiment determined whether blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rodent anterior cingulate and prelimbic/infralimbic cortices impairs spatial working memory. In a 12-arm radial maze, a working memory for spatial locations task was employed using a continuous recognition go/no-go procedure. @entity35 were allowed to enter 12 arms for a reinforcement. Of the 12 arm presentations, 3 or 4 arms were presented for a second time in a session that did not contain a reinforcement. The number of trials between the first and second presentations of an arm ranged from 0 to 6 (lags). Infusions of @entity5591 (1, 5, and 10 microgram), a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, into the prelimbic/infralimbic cortices, but not the anterior cingulate cortex, significantly @entity73 in a lag- and dose-dependent manner. The deficit induced by @entity5591 (10 microgram) was attenuated by concomitant intraprelimbic/infralimbic injections of @entity5592 (2 microgram) a muscarinic cholinergic agonist. A separate group of @entity35 was tested on a successive spatial discrimination task. Injections of @entity5591 (1, 5, and 10 microgram) into the prelimbic/infralimbic cortices did not impair performance on the spatial discrimination task. These findings suggest that muscarinic transmission in the prelimbic/infralimbic cortices, but not the anterior cingulate cortex, is important for spatial working memory.

title: The effects of muscarinic cholinergic receptor blockade in the XXXX anterior cingulate and Prelimbic/Infralimbic cortices on spatial working memory.

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired spatial working memory']

entities_list: @entity5592 :: ('MESH:D010095', 'Chemical') :: ['oxotremorine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors conducted this study to update their experience with @entity1 who have @entity43 with noninvasive peritoneal implants, with the objectives of gaining additional insight into the biologic behavior of these @entity5 and understanding better the effects of postoperative treatment. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity1 who had @entity43 with noninvasive peritoneal implants were identified in a retrospective review. Major end points selected for analysis were surgicopathologic response, time to relapse, type of relapse, progression free survival, and overall survival. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were also performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 10.3 years. Of 20 @entity1 with @entity66 at completion of initial surgery who subsequently underwent second-look surgery, 3 (15%) had a response to chemotherapy. Twenty-two of 73 @entity1 (30%) either developed @entity74 or had a relapse. The median time from the date of diagnosis to relapse was 7.1 years. Tissue was available from 20 of the 22 @entity1 who had a relapse; 14 (70%) had invasive low grade @entity189 , and 6 (30%) had recurrent borderline @entity5 . Age was the only factor studied that had a significant influence on survival (P = 0.03). In both univariate and multivariate proportional hazards models, @entity66 were found to be of borderline significance in predicting @entity5 specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 30% of @entity1 who have @entity43 with noninvasive peritoneal implants will develop progressive or recurrent @entity5 , most commonly @entity189 . The presence of @entity66 appears to be a predictor of disease free survival. In this study, however, the authors were unable to elucidate the role of postoperative therapy or determine criteria for selecting @entity1 for such therapy.

title: Serous borderline XXXX of the ovary with noninvasive peritoneal implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian serous borderline tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['age and residual disease', 'macroscopic residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present clinical and laboratory data on 18 @entity1 from 12 @entity447 treatment centers in the United States, Canada, and Europe with the purpose of disseminating information regarding a recently recognized, potentially life-threatening complication of treatment in very young @entity1 with @entity4777 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity447 centers from the United States, Canada, and Europe provided clinical information and laboratory data concerning 18 @entity1 who had severe @entity56 to infused factor (F) IX in close association with the development of an inhibitor to @entity4682 . Laboratory testing for establishment of the diagnosis of @entity4777 and inhibitor to @entity4682 was done locally at the centers treating these @entity1 . @entity4682 gene analysis was performed at one of six molecular genetics institutes. RESULTS: All 18 @entity1 had severe @entity4777 , and in each an inhibitor antibody to @entity4682 developed. The median age at the time of @entity2021 (or anaphylactoid reaction) was 16 months, and the median number of exposure days to @entity4682 was 11. The @entity4682 inhibitor was detected almost simultaneously with the first occurrence of @entity2021 in 12 of 18 @entity1 . Maximum inhibitor titers were 4.5-600 Bethesda units (BU), with a median titer of 48 BU. @entity4682 gene analysis, performed in 17 of 18 @entity1 , demonstrated complete deletion of the @entity4682 gene in 10 and major derangements in seven. Immune tolerance induction (ITI) regimens have been attempted in 12 @entity1 , with generally poor responses. Two of the 12 experienced @entity1985 while on ITI. Recombinant FVIIa has been successfully used to treat @entity548 episodes in 11 of these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Physicians treating young @entity1 with @entity4777 should be aware of the potentially life-threatening complication of @entity2021 . @entity1 with complete gene deletions or major derangements of the @entity4682 gene appear to be at greater risk. Those identified by genotype as being at greater risk may need to receive their first 10-20 treatments in a medical facility equipped for handling such emergencies. Recombinant FVIIa, although not licensed for use in the United States, appears to be the most suitable treatment option for @entity548 episodes in such @entity1 .

title: Factor IX inhibitors and XXXX in @entity4777 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4777 :: ('MESH:D002836', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia B']

answer: @entity2021 :: (MESH:D000707,Disease) :: ['anaphylaxis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously reported a higher risk of mortality among Hispanics after allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). However, it is not known how specific post-transplantation events ( @entity2132 [ @entity2132 ], treatment-related mortality [TRM], and relapse) may explain mortality differences. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between ethnicity and post-transplantation events and determine their net effect on survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 3,028 @entity1 with @entity3052 , @entity981 , or chronic @entity2800 reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry between 1990 and 2000 who received an HLA-identical sibling HSCT after a myeloablative conditioning regimen in the United States. There were 2,418 white @entity1 (80%) and 610 ethnic minority @entity1 (20%), of whom 251 were black (8%), 122 were Asian (4%), and 237 were Hispanic (8%). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compare outcomes between whites and ethnic minorities while adjusting for other significant clinical factors. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in the risk of acute or chronic @entity2132 , TRM, or relapse were found between whites and any ethnic minority group. However, Hispanics had higher risks of @entity177 ( @entity204 or relapse; relative risk [RR] = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.54; P = .004) and overall mortality (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.47; P = .02). CONCLUSION: The higher risks of @entity177 and mortality among Hispanics may be the net result of modest but not statistically significant increases in both relapse and TRM and cannot be accounted for by any single transplantation-related complication. Further studies should examine the role of social, economic, and cultural factors.

title: Outcome of ethnic minorities with XXXX treated with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['treatment failure']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute or chronic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To gain insights into the functional significance of @entity16477 ( @entity16477 ) heterogeneity by comparing the mechanical kinetic properties of single @entity95 extraocular muscle (EOM) fibers with those of limb fibers. EOMs are known to contain developmental and EOM-specific MyHCs in addition to those present in limb muscles, and MyHCs profoundly influence muscle mechanics. METHODS: Isometric cross-bridge kinetics were analyzed in @entity141 -activated single glycerinated fibers from @entity95 EOM and limb fast and slow muscles at 15 degrees C by means of mechanical perturbation analysis. The plots of stiffness and phase against frequency display a characteristic frequency, f(min), at which stiffness is minimum, and phase shift is zero. The value of f(min) is independent of @entity141 or force level but reflects the kinetics of cross-bridge cycling. RESULTS: Analysis of 121 limb fast fibers gave f(min) values ranging from 10 to 26 Hz. f(min) for the 10 slow soleus fibers was 0.5 Hz. Analysis of 170 EOM fibers gave f(min) values in the range for fast limb fibers, but in addition yielded f(min) values below (4-9 Hz) and above (27-33 Hz) this range. CONCLUSIONS: The wider range of mechanical kinetic characteristics in EOM fibers compared with limb fibers is likely due to the expression of developmental (low f(min)) and EOM-specific (high f(min)) MyHCs in addition to isoforms present in adult limb muscles. The considerable diversity of functional characteristics in EOM fibers is likely to be important for rotating the eyeball at various speeds during tracking and for executing saccades over a wide range of angles.

title: Cross-bridge kinetics of XXXX single extraocular and limb muscle fibers.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There are circumstances in which partial @entity410 may be misdiagnosed as acute @entity146 disturbances. In particular, when fear is the prominent feature the @entity1 may be considered for years as having @entity4697 attacks. Eight @entity1 in whom fear was the main symptom of the @entity410 are reported on. @entity1 who had a proved lack of consciousness during the fits and @entity1 in whom fear was just fear of having a @entity410 were excluded. The ictal involvement of temporal limbic and frontal structures in those @entity1 with fear of particular intensity was studied. METHODS: The localisation of the epileptogenic zone was assessed by prolonged interictal EEG recordings as well as ictal video-EEG recording of at least one @entity410 in every @entity1 ; five had ictal SPECT and four had chronic stereotactic implantation of depth electrodes (SEEG). In six @entity1 , a cortical resection was performed with an Engel's class 1 outcome (minimum 28 months follow up, except for two @entity1 ). RESULTS: Localisations of primary epileptogenic zones were right temporal in three @entity1 , left temporal in three, bitemporal in one, and frontal in one. In all cases, diagnosis of @entity302 could be clinically evoked because of the stereotypy of fits and of associated symptoms. The association of a fear sensation, autonomic symptoms, and coordinated behaviour suggests disturbance of a particular system. The SEEG data argue for temporolimbic and prefrontal lobe involvement in the expression of ictal fear. CONCLUSIONS: In intense ictal fear, with coordinated behaviour and autonomic features, the discharge may involve or interfere with a physiological complex information processing network. This network involves orbitoprefrontal, anterior cingulate, and temporal limbic cortices.

title: Fear as the main feature of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to determine the repeatability of measurements of @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) and @entity8707 ( @entity8707 ) made with two ultrasonic biometers and the IOLMaster in a group of non-orthokeratology (ortho-k) adult subjects and to investigate the agreement among instruments in @entity1 undergoing ortho-k therapy and in @entity1 wearing spectacles. METHODS: To determine repeatability, @entity3656 and @entity8707 were measured twice in 22 non-ortho-k young adults using two A-scan ultrasonic biometers (A-5500 and A-2500) and the IOLMaster. To determine agreement, @entity3656 and @entity8707 were measured with the same instruments in 30 @entity1 undergoing ortho-k therapy and 30 spectacle-wearing @entity1 . RESULTS: In the adult subjects, there were no significant differences in @entity8707 and @entity3656 measurements obtained from the three instruments (repeated measures ANOVAs, p > 0.05). There was also no significant between-measurement difference for each instrument. The between-measurement agreement was better for the IOLMaster (95% limits of agreement (LA): -0.04 and +0.05 mm for both @entity3656 and @entity8707 ) than for the two A-scan ultrasonic biometers (95% LA: -0.12 and +0.11 mm for @entity3656 ; -0.22 and +0.27 mm for @entity8707 ). Among the @entity1 , @entity3656 measurements with all three instruments were not significantly different from each other for both the @entity1 undergoing ortho-k therapy and those wearing spectacles (repeated measures ANOVAs, p > 0.05). The 95% LA of differences obtained from any two instruments were also comparable for both groups of subjects (within -0.20 mm and +0.20 mm). @entity8707 measurements of the @entity1 were significantly different among the three instruments (repeated measures ANOVAs, p < 0.05). No significant differences in @entity8707 measurements were found between A-5500 and A-2500 for both groups of @entity1 (paired t tests, p > 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The repeatability of @entity3656 and @entity8707 measurements with the IOLMaster was very good, and was better than with the A-scan ultrasonic biometers. The agreements in @entity3656 measurements between A-scan ultrasonic biometers and IOLMaster were comparable in both the ortho-k and the spectacle-wearing subjects, and were comparable to the repeatability of the A-scan ultrasonic biometers. @entity8707 measurements between A-scan ultrasonic biometry and the IOLMaster were not comparable. @entity3656 measurements with the IOLMaster can replace the measurements from the two A-scan ultrasonic biometers used, however, the reverse is not true. @entity3656 and @entity8707 measurements with all three instruments were unaffected by the flattened @entity267 following ortho-k lens wear.

title: Repeatability and agreement of two A-scan ultrasonic biometers and IOLMaster in non-orthokeratology subjects and post-orthokeratology XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'axial length']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity8707 :: ('MESH:C535679', 'Disease') :: ['ACD', 'anterior chamber depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The existence of a form of early @entity3001 characterized by @entity221 without @entity8831 is controversial. To confirm the existence and define the clinical characteristics of the @entity221 without @entity8831 of localized @entity3001 , the authors studied @entity1 from a @entity3001 endemic area of Connecticut who visited their primary care physicians with an @entity54951 . @entity1 kept a diary of their symptoms. Acute and convalescent sera were obtained. The diagnosis of @entity3001 was based on the appearance of IgM or IgG antibodies to @entity2069 as demonstrated by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot assay. Twenty-four untreated @entity1 were studied. In five @entity1 acute serologic evidence of @entity3001 developed. The @entity221 in these five @entity1 was characterized by fever and @entity1295 and resolved spontaneously in 5 to 21 days. Symptoms recurred in three of these five @entity1 . The existence of @entity221 without @entity8831 of early @entity3001 has been clearly established. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to better define its incidence, characteristics, and prognosis so that appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies can be developed.

title: Early @entity3001 : @entity221 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity54951 :: ('MESH:C566799', 'Disease') :: ['undefined flu-like illness']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like illness', 'a flu-like illness']

answer: @entity8831 :: (MESH:C538499,Disease) :: ['erythema migrans']


abstract: AIMS: Mortality from @entity299 has been decreasing in most industrialized countries since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to analyse @entity299 mortality during 1969-1993 in Sweden, and to predict mortality trends until 2003. METHODS AND RESULTS: Age-period cohort models were used to analyse @entity299 mortality in Sweden between 1969 and 1993, and to predict age-specific death rates and total number of deaths for the periods 1994-1998 and 1999-2003. Mortality rates in the age group 25-89 years decreased from 719 to 487 per 100,000 for @entity1 , and from 402 to 215 per 100,000 for @entity1 over the study period (average annual decrease of 1.5% for @entity1 and 2.2% for @entity1 ). The decline started earlier for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The ratio of age-adjusted mortality between @entity1 and @entity1 increased steadily over the study period. Predictions based on the full age-period cohort model for the period 1999-2003 gave mortality rates of 346 and 155 per 100,000 for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Despite the ageing of the population, the total numbers of @entity299 deaths in Sweden are predicted to decline by approximately 25% in both @entity1 and @entity1 from 1989-93 to 1999-2003. CONCLUSION: A major decline in @entity299 mortality has been observed in the last 15 years in Sweden. Both factors, cohort and calendar period, contain information which helps explain the decline in @entity299 mortality trends in Sweden. Predictions indicate that the decline of both age-specific and total mortality is to continue.

title: Age-period-cohort effects on XXXX mortality in Sweden from 1969 to 1993, and forecasts up to 2003.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']