abstract: The effects of solvent and reaction conditions on the catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated for oxidative polymerization of @entity3971 in water/organic mixtures using @entity273 as an oxidant. Also, the structural changes of HRP were investigated by CD and absorption spectroscopy in these solvents. The results suggest that the yield of @entity3971 polymer (the conversion of @entity3971 to polymer) is strongly affected by the reaction conditions due to the structural changes of HRP, that is, the changes in higher structure of the apo-protein and dissociation or decomposition of the prosthetic @entity1446 . Optimum solvent compositions for @entity3971 polymerization depend on the nature of the organic solvents owing to different effects of the solvents on HRP structure. In addition to initial rapid changes, slower changes of HRP structure occur in water/organic solvents especially at high concentrations of organic solvents. In parallel with these structural changes, catalytic activity of HRP decreases with time in these solvents. At higher reaction temperatures, the yield of the polymer decreases, which is also ascribed to modification of HRP structure. It is known that @entity273 is an inhibitor of HRP, and the yield of @entity3971 polymer is strongly dependent on the manner of addition of @entity273 to the reaction solutions. The polymer yield decreases significantly when @entity273 was added to the reaction solution in a large amount at once. This is probably due to inactivation of HRP by excess @entity273 . From the CD and absorption spectra, it is suggested that excess @entity273 causes not only decomposition of the prosthetic @entity1446 but also modification of the higher structure of HRP.

title: Structural change and catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase in oxidative polymerization of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: There is increasing concern regarding the need to establish guidelines for upper @entity344 . This applies to the reliability of the diagnosis of @entity5 , tolerance, and the need to reduce the use of conscious sedation in order to contain costs--one reason why nasogastroscopy with a thin fiberscope is being applied with increasing success. Recent advances that have been made in the early diagnosis of esophageal and @entity356 now require high-resolution video gastroscopes and the routine use of chromoscopy. For a long time, the helpful contribution made by the zoom video endoscope to the identification of the pit pattern in @entity1313 was limited to the colon. However, the most recent zoom endoscopes, with improved mechanical characteristics and a standard diameter, have now opened up relevant applications in the analysis of early esophageal or @entity356 . The best example of this is the identification of the pit pattern in intestinal metaplasia in @entity355 , although the classification of the pit pattern in upper @entity344 is still being investigated. Spectroscopic analysis of the response of neoplastic tissue to an applied photon beam has been hampered by the complex origins of the efferent photons. Recent technology, available only through a physical laboratory allows simultaneous analysis of fluorescence, reflectance, and light scattering. In this situation, the method has obtained sensitivity and specificity rates of nearly 100% in classifying low-grade @entity1141 , high-grade @entity1141 , and @entity5 in @entity355 . With regard to depth exploration in the wall of the digestive tract, endosonographic examination using a high-frequency probe (20-30 MHz) may be challenged in the future by the technique of optical coherence tomography, a method that does not require acoustic transmission through water and provides a much higher resolution, of up to 10 microm. Optical coherence tomography could be used in the staging of intramucosal @entity418 and for detecting intestinal metaplasia in the esophagus. In conclusion, the increasing progress being made in the accuracy of endoscopic diagnosis emphasizes the need for cost-benefit analyses of screening and surveillance protocols.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'early cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy', 'gastrointestinal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['esophagogastric tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the distinctive clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical difference between @entity43 and primary @entity43 . METHODS: The clinical and pathological features of 27 @entity43 ( @entity356 12 cases, @entity694 11 cases, others 4 cases) obtained from our department were reviewed. Immunostainings for @entity2278 ), @entity5822 , @entity2225 , @entity787 , @entity2277 , @entity18962 were performed with SP staining methods. RESULTS: On gross examination, @entity3 from @entity356 were usually bilateral, while solid (11/12) and @entity3 from @entity694 were more often unilateral and cystic (7/11). Microscopically, @entity3 from @entity356 revealed signet ring cells or poorly differentiated @entity420 (12/12), whereas @entity3 from @entity694 showed similar morphology of @entity4348 (8/11). The majority of ovarian @entity3 of @entity356 (7/12) and @entity694 (8/11) were @entity2225 positive. In particular, @entity2225 was invariably expressed in @entity694 @entity3 . @entity43 from the gastrointestinal tract failed to react with immunostaining of @entity5822 . A combined use of @entity787 , @entity2277 and @entity18962 had made a correct classification for 11/12 cases of the @entity356 , 10/11 cases of the @entity694 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5822 and @entity2225 have been proved to be useful antibodies in distinguishing between @entity189 and @entity189 of the ovary. Combined use of a panel of antibodies can give more significant results.

title: [Expression of cytokeratin 7 and 20 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['cases of ovarian metastatic carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'Most of the ovarian metastatic carcinomas', 'ovarian metastatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinomas', 'primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic cancer', 'colonic adenocarcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinoma', 'colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinomas', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian metastatic carcinomas']


abstract: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) is an objective and sensitive measure of integrated physiological functioning reflective of heart rhythm responsivity to internal and external demands. Reduced @entity299 is associated with vulnerability to stress and deterioration of medical and/or @entity146 conditions, while increased @entity299 is associated with a favorable treatment response and recovery from various medical and/or @entity146 conditions. Our previous review found that acute @entity167 consumption caused decreased parasympathetic and increased sympathetic @entity299 effects in both nonalcoholic and chronic @entity167 users. This review investigates the effects of chronic @entity167 consumption on @entity299 in @entity167 -dependent subjects and nondependent users. MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed were searched for @entity1 experimental and clinical trials that measured the effects of chronic @entity167 use on @entity299 . Only publications that included a description of their study designs and clearly stated methodologies for data collections, and outcome measures were reviewed. We have reviewed a total of 24 articles. In nondependent users, low dose (approximating the recommended daily amount of 1 standard drink in @entity1 and 2 in @entity1 ) use is associated with increased @entity299 parameters compared to those who drink less frequently or abstain altogether. A further increase in consumption is associated with decreased @entity299 compared to both abstainers and more moderate drinkers. @entity299 changes during withdrawal generally follow the same negative direction but are more complex and less understood. In dependent subjects, an improvement in @entity299 was seen following abstinence but remained reduced compared to nonalcoholic controls. This review demonstrates that @entity299 changes associated with chronic use follow a J-shaped curve. It supports recommendations that limit daily @entity167 intake to no more than 2 drinks for @entity1 and 1 drink for @entity1 . Future studies should investigate @entity299 as a biomarker of alcoholism development and treatment response as well as the physiological basis for @entity167 effects on @entity299 .

title: Characteristics of heart rate variability in @entity167 -dependent subjects and nondependent chronic XXXX users.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HRV', 'Heart rate variability']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity55932 on angiogenesis. METHODS: The anti-angiogenic effect was evaluated by @entity98 assay for proliferation of endothelial cells. The concentration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity540 ( @entity540 ) from @entity1 @entity157 Bel-7402 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to detect the expression of @entity7 and @entity540 . The @entity7 and @entity540 in the @entity5 cells were examined by flow cytometry. The inhibitory effect of @entity55932 on the growth of @entity1 @entity157 Bel-7402 in @entity19 was studied. RESULTS: @entity55932 was shown to inhibit the proliferation of primary cultured @entity291 aortic endothelial cells in a concentration dependent manner in range of 6.4 - 51.2 microg/ml. The IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) value was 22.0 +/- 4.0 microg/ml. ELISA assay was shown that treatment with 12.8 microl/m1, 25.6 microl/ml and 38.4 microg/ml of @entity55932 resulted in an inhibition of @entity7 production released by Bel-7402, and the inbibtitory rate was 14.2%, 40.0% and 49.6%, respectively. After exposure to 12.8 microg/ml of @entity55932 , a decrease in the expression and activity of @entity7 and @entity540 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. The concentration of @entity7 and @entity540 secretion by Bel-7402 cells were lower following @entity55932 treatment as shown by flow cytometry. Treatment with 25.6 microg/mL and 38.4 microg/ml of @entity55932 , the inbibitory rates were 32.2% and 57.4% for @entity7 , and 54.9% and 62.6% for @entity540 , respectively. The inhibitory rate of @entity55932 to the growth of the transplant @entity5 in @entity19 were 24.3%, 41.4% and 45.75 respectively at the dose of 100 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: @entity55932 is a potent inhibitor of @entity7 and @entity540 expression and production in @entity1 @entity157 Bel-7402 cell, and may be a promising angiogenesis inhibitor.

title: [Inhibitory effects of XXXX on angiogenesis].

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity55932 :: ('MESH:C106407', 'Chemical') :: ['ampelopsin', 'Ampelopsin']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic-fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity55932 :: (MESH:C106407,Chemical) :: ['ampelopsin']


abstract: @entity0 cells express an array of weakly immunogenic @entity5 -associated antigens (TAAs). Under appropriate circumstances, immunity to @entity0 can be induced, with potential benefits for @entity1 with the disease. Here, we report a new cell-based vaccination strategy resulting in enhanced immunity to @entity0 in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . The strategy was designed to enrich the vaccine for highly immunogenic cells. The vaccine was prepared by transfer of unfractionated complementary DNA (cDNA) derived from a highly @entity0 that arose spontaneously in a C3H/He @entity19 (SB5b) into an immunogenic fibroblast cell line. As the transferred cDNA spontaneously integrates into the genome of the recipient cells and is replicated as the cells divide, sufficient DNA to prepare the vaccine could be obtained from as few as 10(7) cells (4-mm @entity5 ). Because only a small proportion of the transfected cell population was expected to have incorporated genes responsible for inducing immunity to the @entity0 , we devised a novel approach designed to enrich the transfected cell population for cells that induced immunity to the @entity5 . Aliquots of the transfected population were divided into small pools (initial inoculum = 4 x 10). Afterward, the cell number from each pool was allowed to expand in vitro. Pools containing greater numbers of immunogenic cells (identified by 2 independent assays) were subdivided for additional rounds of immune selection. Enhanced immunity to the @entity5 was detected in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 treated solely by immunization with the enriched cell population. The immunity, mediated by CD8+ T cells, was sufficient to prolong the survival of @entity19 with established @entity0 .

title: Enhanced immunity to XXXX in @entity19 immunized with fibroblasts transfected with a complementary DNA expression library from @entity0 cells: Enrichment of the vaccine for immunotherapeutic cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'malignant breast neoplasm', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1412 is an @entity74 characterized by the formation of hundreds of @entity2513 and eventual @entity14 . Administration of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sulindac has been followed by regression of @entity1127 in @entity1 with this disorder, but no controlled trial of this drug in @entity1 who have not had surgery has been reported. METHODS: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 22 @entity1 with @entity1412 , including 18 who had not undergone colectomy. The @entity1 received sulindac at a dose of 150 mg orally twice a day for nine months or identical-appearing placebo tablets. The number and size of the @entity1127 were evaluated every three months for one year. RESULTS: A statistically significant decrease in the mean number of @entity1127 and their mean diameter occurred in @entity1 treated with sulindac, as compared with those given placebo. When treatment was stopped at nine months, the number of @entity1127 had decreased to 44 percent of base-line values and the diameter of the @entity1127 to 35 percent of base-line values (P = 0.014 and P < 0.001, respectively, for the comparison with the changes in the group given placebo). No @entity1 had complete resolution of @entity1127 . Three months after treatment with @entity10521 was stopped, both the number and the size of the @entity1127 increased in sulindac-treated @entity1 but remained significantly lower than the values at base line. No side effects from sulindac were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Sulindac reduces the number and size of @entity2513 in @entity1 with @entity1412 , but its effect is incomplete, and it is unlikely to replace colectomy as primary therapy.

title: Treatment of colonic and rectal adenomas with sulindac in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'Familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']


abstract: One of the most important @entity4801 in adult @entity291 and buffalo in Thailand is @entity7736 , caused mainly by Fasciola gigantica. The economic loss from @entity7736 in @entity291 and buffalo throughout Thailand has been assessed at not less than 100 million Baht. Recent investigations have been shown that the average prevalence of F. gigantica in @entity291 and buffalo in Thailand was 11.8%. However, the prevalence varies considerably between villages, ranging from 0 to 85%. The prevalence is high in areas surrounding dams or large ponds in which Lymnaea auricularia rubiginosa, the intermediate host of F. gigantica is found. An epidemiological study revealed that the disease has a seasonal pattern from which the following conclusion for control of the disease can be drawn. Strategic @entity8072 treatment of all @entity291 and buffalo which are older than 8 months should be carried out once a year in September. In addition, animals in poor condition should be treated in April to prevent severe losses, especially in high prevalence areas or where strategic treatment was missed. Problems of @entity8072 control include the lack of knowledge about the parasite on the part of the farmers and the lack of availability of drug supplies at the village level, both of which are important to allow strategic treatment of animals. To approach these problems, the government had developed "Farmer Self-Help Worm Control Program" in seven provinces in Northeast Thailand which is operated by village farmers trained as program "keymen". This program is very effective and will be extended throughout Thailand in the next Seventh Social and Economic Development Plan.

title: Problem of XXXX in animal husbandry in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity7736 :: ('MESH:D005211', 'Disease') :: ['fascioliasis']

answer: @entity7736 :: (MESH:D005211,Disease) :: ['fascioliasis']


abstract: All 38 @entity1 listed for day-case spinal endoscopy over a 12-month period (April 1998 - April 1999), who had chronic severe @entity1643 with a radiculopathic element, were studied prospectively. The mean [range] @entity158 duration before treatment was 10.9 [2-26] years and 50% had @entity11252 . In all @entity1 in whom treatment was completed (n = 34), the @entity158 roots were located through symptom interaction with the @entity1 . All had epidural scar tissue, 14 (41%) having dense adhesions. Mobilisation of adhesions around the nerve root (neuroplasty) was performed so that a pocket was formed for the subsequent placement of @entity1341 , @entity8745 and @entity1338 . No @entity532 occurred and side-effects were minimal. Follow-up over a 12-month period showed statistically significant reductions in @entity158 scores and disability. Spinal endoscopy may be the diagnostic method of choice for epidural @entity82 . It has substantial therapeutic and research potential. Prospective randomised studies are required.

title: Spinal endoscopy in XXXX with radiculopathy. A prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['intra-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-generating nerve']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['Depomedrone']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: Catalase (CAT) can effectively eliminate @entity274 and maintain the redox balance of immune system, which is essential for innate immunity. A catalase gene was cloned and its potential role in immune system was investigated in the clam, @entity8964 . The catalase (MmeCAT) gene had an open reading frame of 1533 bp encoding 511 @entity1522 which showed high identity with that of molluscs. The distribution of MmeCAT in clam tissues was examined and the mRNA, protein expression and CAT activity paralleled with each other, with the highest expression in hepatopancreas. In response to @entity274 challenge, MmeCAT mRNA showed significantly higher expression at 12 h and 24 h post-challenge in experimental clams than in control clams (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the protein expression in experimental clams was increased to about 3 times as much as that in control clams at 6 h post-challenge. After injection with a @entity8966 -related bacterium (MM21), the expression of MmeCAT mRNA was significantly up-regulated at 12 h and 24 h post-injection (P < 0.05). It suggested that MmeCAT might be involved in the immune response to @entity20469 . To better understand the role of MmeCAT in immune system, its mRNA expression was compared between a Vibrio-resistant population and a control population after immersion challenge with MM21. The continuously increased transcription in resistant population suggested MmeCAT could benefit the immune system of clams to defend against pathogen infection. Our study indicated that the redox balance was essential for @entity8964 to resist pathogen infection.

title: The role of catalase in the immune response to oxidative stress and pathogen challenge in the clam XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity8966 :: ('670', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio parahaemolyticus']

entities_list: @entity8964 :: ('291251', 'Species') :: ['M. meretrix', 'Meretrix meretrix']

entities_list: @entity20469 :: ('MESH:D014735', 'Disease') :: ['Vibrio infection']

answer: @entity8964 :: (291251,Species) :: ['Meretrix meretrix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ocular herpes simplex is usually diagnosed by its typical clinical presentation. It is generally accepted to be a unilateral disease, with lid eruptions typically occurring in primary @entity1034 , while absent or mild in recurrent disease. Recurrent @entity1034 is generally thought to be characterized by corneal involvement. CASE REPORT: A 35-year-old @entity1 had a 2-day history of a progressive bilateral, erythematous, @entity1910 and associated @entity2688 . She had a history of a recurrent, unilateral eyelid rash that was previously diagnosed as @entity4091 . The eyelid involvement was unusual because it was bilateral, severe, recurrent, vesicular, and isolated, with no additional ocular manifestations of herpes simplex. These atypical features are in contrast to the generally accepted manifestations of recurrent @entity1034 . A cytologic evaluation and a viral culture confirmed @entity281 by HSV Type 1. CONCLUSION: Lid involvement occurs in recurrent @entity1034 more often than generally accepted, while simultaneous bilateral disease is uncommon. As in this case, when atypical presentations occur, critical review of the differential diagnosis and use of laboratory tests are helpful.

title: A case of recurrent, isolated, simultaneous, bilateral herpes simplex lid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['ocular herpes simplex disease', 'ocular herpes simplex']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular rash of the upper and lower eyelids']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['preseptal cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: AIM:     Small-for-size liver transplantation (SFSLT) often results in @entity1578 and decreased survival. The present study was aimed to investigate the possible mechanism of @entity1578 in SFSLT in @entity35 . METHODS:     @entity35 models of full-size orthotopic liver transplantation, 50% partial liver transplantation and 30% partial liver transplantation were established. Proliferative responses of the hepatic graft were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. Apoptosis-, inflammatory-, anti-inflammatory- and growth factor-related genes were screened by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Activities of transcription factors of AP-1 and nuclear factor (NF)-kB were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS:     A 30% partial liver transplant not only resulted in marked structural damages to the hepatic graft, but also showed the lowest 7-day survival rate. In addition, sup pressed expressions of @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) and @entity12003 by immunohistochemical staining and decreased expressions of @entity12003 and p-c-Jun by western blotting were detected. Downregulated expressions of @entity1976 , @entity5613 , @entity568 , @entity13358 , @entity16308 and @entity53029 , upregulated expression of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, and decreased levels of AP-1 and @entity4026 were also found following 30% partial liver transplantation after reperfusion. CONCLUSION:     Liver regeneration is remarkably suppressed in SFSLT. The significant changes of intra-graft gene expression described above indicated that @entity63 reperfusion injury would be severe in 30% partial liver transplantation. The capability of @entity409 secondary to @entity63 reperfusion injury might determine hepatic graft survival in SFSLT.

title: Suppression of XXXX affects hepatic graft survival in small-for-size liver transplantation in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic graft failure']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver regeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Adenovirus is a common pathogen in the pediatric population. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, or renal systems are often involved in @entity9504 . Several @entity16 have been attributed to adenovirus, such as adenovirus @entity5827 , @entity4685 , subacute @entity628 , and @entity5868 . The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical features and encephalography findings in 7 @entity1 treated in our center for a syndrome of transient @entity75 associated with @entity9504 . STUDY @entity1 : Three females and 4 males ages 7 to 34 months seen in our department between July 1983 and February 1984 and September 1998 and May 1999 presented with fever of at least 7 days' duration and a gradual decline in the state of alertness. Score on the Glasgow @entity772 Scale ranged from 9 to 12. Findings on lumbar puncture were normal. In all 7 @entity1 , the encephalogram showed moderate to severe background slowing compatible with @entity75 . All @entity1 were @entity18994 and had mild @entity382 with slight elevation of liver enzymes. Some had @entity3127 , @entity294 , and @entity2024 either isolated or in combination. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adenovirus was isolated by immunfluorescence technique in all @entity1 -from the sputum in 3 @entity1 , nasopharynx in 5, conjunctiva in 4, and rectal swab in 5. In 5 @entity1 , serotyping was performed by an antibody neutralization method. Adenovirus type 3 was ascertained from a nasal swab in 1 @entity1 , sputum specimens in 3, throat swab in 3, and rectal cultures in 5. The clinical course was characterized by a progressive recovery of alertness. After several days, there was a complete reversal of neurologic findings. CONCLUSION: We suggest that this syndrome of transient @entity75 is a distinct entity and should be considered as another of the several @entity16 known to be associated with @entity9504 .

title: A syndrome of transient @entity75 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infections', 'adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity18994 :: ('MESH:D003139', 'Disease') :: ['catarrheal']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ['Reye-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity9504 :: (MESH:D000257,Disease) :: ['adenovirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The poor outcome observed in @entity64 @entity1 with visual neglect may be due to greater @entity64 severity or nonspecialist management. METHODS: The effects of visual neglect were studied prospectively in 150 consecutive @entity64 @entity1 with comparable @entity64 pathology and motor severity managed on a @entity64 unit. A randomized study was subsequently undertaken in 50 @entity64 @entity1 with visual neglect to evaluate the effectiveness of spatial cueing during motor activity on functional outcome and resource use in these @entity1 . RESULTS: Visual neglect was present in 47 (32%) of a selected group of 146 @entity1 (mean age, 77.0 +/- 8.2 years; 42% @entity1 ) with moderate @entity64 severity. There were no differences in demography, prestroke function, or motor power in the arm (2.6 +/- 1.7 versus 2.3 +/- 2.1) or the leg (3.2 +/- 1.4 versus 3.0 +/- 1.6) on the affected side compared with 99 @entity1 with no visual neglect. Although @entity1 with visual neglect had lower median initial (4 versus 5, P < .01) and discharge (14 versus 16, P < .01) Barthel Index scores, equal proportions of @entity1 were discharged home (60% versus 65%) or to institutions (34% versus 33%) in both groups. The durations of hospitalization (64 versus 36 days, P < .001) and therapy input (47.7 versus 27.8 hours; P < .01), however, were significantly greater in @entity1 with visual neglect. The randomized controlled study showed a trend toward higher Barthel scores at 12 weeks (14 versus 12.5, P = NS) and significant reduction in median length of hospital stay (42 versus 66 days) in @entity1 receiving spatiomotor cueing and early emphasis on functional rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with visual neglect managed on a @entity64 unit have similar destination of discharge despite lower Barthel Index scores compared with @entity1 of equal @entity64 severity who do not have this deficit. Spatiomotor cueing and early emphasis on function can improve outcome and reduce resource use in these @entity1 .

title: The influence of visual neglect on XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Troublesome @entity322 following a lateral internal sphincterotomy (LIS) is often attributed to faulty surgical techniques: division of excessive amount of internal sphincter or inadvertent injury to the external sphincter. The aim of the present paper was to assess the anatomic and physiological factors that may contribute to @entity322 following a technically satisfactory lateral internal sphincterotomy by a group of colorectal specialists. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 (nine @entity1 , five @entity1 ; median age: 38 years; range: 23-52 years) who developed troublesome postoperative @entity322 were evaluated by clinical assessment, endoanal ultrasonography and anorectal physiological studies (manometry, pudendal nerve terminal motor latency) by two independent observers. The Cleveland Clinic continence score (0-20; 0, perfect continence; 20, complete @entity322 ) was used to quantify the severity of @entity322 . Fourteen continent subjects after a LIS (nine female @entity1 , five male @entity1 ; median age: 36 years; range: 20-44 years) were also evaluated as 'continent' controls (continence score </= 4). RESULTS: In the incontinent group, the median postoperative Cleveland Clinic continence score was 9 (range: 6-13) compared with a preoperative score of 1 (range: 0-3). On assessment by endoanal ultrasonography the site of the internal sphincterotomy was clearly identified. There were additional coexisting defects, on endoanal ultrasonography, of the external anal sphincter in seven female @entity1 , of the internal sphincter in two female and two male @entity1 ; and a defect of both the external and internal sphincters in a male @entity1 who had had a prior fistulotomy. The pudendal nerve terminal motor latency (PNTML) was prolonged in two female @entity1 on the side contralateral to the lateral internal sphincterotomy. In two of five male @entity1 there was no evidence of any occult sphincter injuries. In the continent controls a defect of the distal portion of the external sphincter was noted in one female @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had a prolonged PNTML. The maximum voluntary contraction was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the female continent controls (92 mmHg vs 140 mmHg; P < 0.05), while the resting anal canal pressures and length of the high pressure zone were similar between the study subjects and the continent controls. CONCLUSION: Troublesome @entity322 after a satisfactorily performed lateral internal sphincterotomy is often associated with coexisting occult sphincter defects.

title: XXXX after lateral internal sphincterotomy is often associated with coexisting occult sphincter defects: a study using endoanal ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Faecal incontinence']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An @entity2895 in the setting of @entity510 is often due to compression by a posterior communicating @entity438 . Anterior communicating artery (ACOM) @entity439 may produce ophthalmologic symptoms of the anterior visual pathways, but rarely ever lead to a @entity129 . This report describes a rare case of an isolated @entity2895 in a @entity1 who experienced @entity510 from an ACOM @entity439 . CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old male presented to the emergency department with @entity10 , @entity391 , and an isolated left @entity2895 -the remainder of his exam was normal. A head CT showed diffuse @entity510 that was later attributed to an ACOM @entity439 as determined by angiography. INTERVENTION: Due to the configuration of the @entity439 , it was not deemed treatable by endovascular means. Following a successful clipping, the @entity1 experienced a delayed, transient, monocular @entity227 . Upon follow-up, his @entity2895 had completely resolved. CONCLUSION: In very rare circumstances, an ACOM @entity439 may produce an isolated @entity2895 . The etiology of the palsy is likely related to clot formation and/or irritating blood products.

title: Isolated XXXX associated with a ruptured anterior communicating @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['3rd nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor palsy', 'third nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['third nerve palsy']


abstract: The current study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of a novel @entity11154 antagonist, @entity9885 , on exaggerated growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), in comparison with the effects of an @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor. @entity9885 and @entity29274 significantly inhibited basal DNA synthesis in VSMCs from SHRs in a dose-dependent manner, but not in cells from @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 . SHR-derived VSMC showed a hyperresponse of DNA synthesis to serum and @entity1808 compared with that of WKY @entity35 -derived VSMC. @entity9885 did not affect serum-stimulated DNA synthesis in VSMCs from both @entity35 strains. @entity9885 abolished @entity1808 -stimulated DNA synthesis in VSMC from both @entity35 strains. @entity9885 significantly inhibited proliferation of VSMC from both @entity35 strains, but the @entity1811 inhibitor @entity29274 did not exert such an effect. @entity9885 decreased the specific binding of @entity1808 to VSMC in a competitive manner for @entity1808 receptors in both @entity35 strains. @entity9885 and @entity29274 significantly decreased the expression of @entity2140 mRNAs and proteins in VSMC from SHR, but not in cells from WKY @entity35 . These results suggest that @entity9885 is a potent @entity1809 receptor antagonist and has anti-proliferative effects on VSMCs from SHR, which was not seen with an @entity1811 inhibitor. The growth inhibitory effect of @entity9885 may be associated with the inhibition of growth factors via antagonism to @entity1809 receptors.

title: Inhibitory effect of a novel @entity11154 antagonist @entity9885 on growth of vascular smooth muscle cells from spontaneously @entity101 rats: different anti-proliferative effect to XXXX inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity29274 :: ('MESH:C055603', 'Chemical') :: ['temocapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity11154 :: ('81638(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor']

answer: @entity1811 :: (24310(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our hypothesis was that @entity1 with @entity1294 and a dominating @entity75 have a symptomatology that reflects a more widespread lesion compared with @entity1 with @entity4943 . DESIGN: @entity1 with @entity1294 and a dominating @entity75 (VAD-F; N = 11) were compared with regard to clinical symptoms and imaging features on CT scans of the brain with @entity1 with @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ; N = 21). SETTING: A neuropsychiatric diagnostic ward. @entity1 : Thirty-two inpatients, aged 48-78 years, with @entity4943 or @entity1294 . MEASURES: Relatives were questioned about the initial symptoms. At the clinical investigation, mental and neurological symptoms and signs were recorded using the STEP method (stepwise comparative status analysis). CT scan features of the brain were evaluated by a trained neuroradiologist. The GBS-i (Gottfries-Br  ne-Steen, intellectual variables) scale was used to measure the degree of @entity303 . RESULTS: At the onset of @entity303 , @entity2414 (p < 0.001), sudden onset (p < 0.001), @entity911 (p < 0.05) and unspecified neurological signs (p < 0.05) had been significantly more frequent in the VAD-F group. At the time of the clinical investigation, lack of social awareness and presence of primitive reflexes were more frequent in the @entity4943 group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) and @entity51 more frequent in the VAD-F group (p < 0.05). CT of the brain showed that, apart from @entity4798 (present only in the VAD-F group), @entity10334 was significantly more pronounced in the VAD-F group (p < 0.05). The groups did not differ with respect to age, age at onset or level of @entity303 . CONCLUSION: The findings support our hypothesis.

title: Symptomatological characteristics distinguish between @entity4943 and @entity1294 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarcts']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial deficits']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10334 :: ('MESH:D049292', 'Disease') :: ['paraventricular leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['loss of memory']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['a dominant frontal lobe syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity6126 is a rare cause of erectile failure, impotent @entity1 are frequently treated with supplemental @entity3800 . The results of such treatment and the individual merits of available formulations remain controversial. A series of hypogonadal @entity1 participated in a trial of oral @entity10551 to assess the effectiveness of the medication, and use of biochemical and clinical outcome measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive sample of 23 @entity323 @entity1 received @entity10551 orally for no less than 60 days. Serum levels of gonadotropins, @entity251 , @entity172 and @entity443 were measured before, during and after the trial. Sexual response and feeling of well-being were measured by daily diaries and visual analogue scales. RESULTS: @entity10551 produced restoration of plasma @entity251 levels in all @entity1 but a measurable improvement in sexual attitudes and performance in only 61%. Visual analogue scores were effective discriminants of the therapeutic response but none of the conventional biochemical measures predicted or correlated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10551 is an effective agent for treating @entity6126 . In @entity323 @entity1 the most appropriate outcome measure for @entity342 supplementation is individual response to therapy, while conventional biochemical hormone determinations lack predictive value and fail to correlate with response.

title: XXXX supplementation for hypogonadal @entity323 : assessment of biochemical measures and therapeutic outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadal impotent']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity10551 :: ('MESH:C010792', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone undecanoate', 'testosterone undecanoate']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: We studied 114 @entity1 (out of a cohort of 797 consecutive @entity1 admitted with @entity1028 ) who were denied any immediate operation because of @entity1 's refusal, high surgical risk, or small transverse diameter as assessed by CT scanning and ultrasonography. All @entity1 not operated on, underwent from two to six repeated examinations during an average follow-up period of 16.8 months (range, 3 to 132). Forty-seven @entity1 (41.2%) were subsequently operated on electively because of marked increase of transverse diameter of the @entity439 (n = 44) or for other reasons (n = 3), with a death rate of 0%. Eighteen other @entity1 underwent emergency operation for leaking or @entity1756 , and there were five deaths. The incidence of @entity397 was clearly related to the final diameter value, rising from 0% in @entity439 than 40 mm to 22% in large size @entity439 (> or = 50 mm). Among the 49 @entity1 not operated on, one died of @entity397 before operation and five of causes unrelated to the disease. Using individual serial measurements, we determined the linear expansion rate of the @entity439 , which proved to be related to initial diameter values: 5.3 mm/year for diameters less than 40 mm (n = 49), 6.9 mm/year in the 40 to 49 mm group (n = 41), and 7.4 mm/year for diameters of 50 mm or more (n = 24). We also fitted an exponential model to the @entity1 data and determined in each case an "exponential" expansion rate expressed in year-1. The overall mean was equal to 0.129 year-1, and individual values were found to be independent of initial diameter size. The superiority of the exponential model over the linear model was shown to be statistically significant. Our study confirms that expansion of @entity439 is related to initial diameter values and shows that the time evolution of the disease process can be adequately described by an exponential model. It also suggests that @entity397 of @entity439 is not only related to their size but also to their rate of expansion.

title: [Determination of level of expansion and incidence of @entity397 of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'aneurysms less']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: The distribution and morphology of glutamatergic synapses on @entity238 bodywall muscle fibers were examined at the single-synapse level using immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology. We find that @entity2227 -immunoreactive motor endings innervate the entire larval bodywall musculature, with each muscle fiber receiving at least one glutamatergic ending. The innervation is initiated at stereotyped locations on each muscle fiber from where moderately branched varicose nerve processes project over the internally facing muscle surface. Individual muscle fibers have distinct stereotypic patterns of nerve endings that occupy characteristic regions on the cell surface. The muscle-specific branching pattern of motor endings is reiterated by segmentally homologous fibers. Two morphological types of innervating nerve processes can be distinguished by their bouton size distributions: (1) Type I processes, which have localized branching and a broad size distribution of relatively large varicosities ranging up to 8 microns (mean diameter, 3.1 +/- 1.6 microns; +/- SD, n = 521), and (2) thinner Type II processes, which have a narrower distribution of small varicosities with a mean diameter of only 1.4 +/- 0.6 microns (+/- SD, n = 214). Immunoelectron microscopy with peroxidase-labeled second antibody demonstrates that the varicosities are surrounded by a subsynaptic reticulum, that they contain immunoreactive vesicles of about 30-50 nm, and thus probably represent synaptic release sites. By iontophoretic application of @entity2227 we mapped the responsive sites on the muscle surface and found an excellent correspondence between transmitter sensitivity and the patterns of endings as described by immunocytochemistry. In contrast to our finding of numerous @entity2227 iontophoresis-sensitive sites, we did not detect any @entity492 -responsive muscles. These data provide strong new evidence for @entity2227 being an endogenous transmitter at the @entity238 larval neuromuscular junction.

title: Stereotypic morphology of glutamatergic synapses on identified muscle cells of XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We investigated the frequency of cerebral microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in @entity1 with clinical evidence of @entity2479 , including transient @entity1939 , @entity1188 , and @entity63 , and assessed its correlation with @entity543 . METHODS: Records of 331 consecutive @entity1 examined during a 47-month period at the Neurovascular Laboratory were reviewed. Of the original 453 intracranial arteries, 186 @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) satisfied qualifying criteria that excluded @entity1 with @entity299 . Forty-five @entity2500 ipsilateral to the symptomatic eye constituted the study group. The control group consisted of 141 asymptomatic @entity2500 . Microembolus detection studies were performed on transcranial Doppler instruments equipped with special software, and the degree of @entity543 was measured by cerebral or MR angiography or by color duplex studies. RESULTS: Microembolism was detected in 40.0% of study @entity2500 and 9.2% of controls (P < 0.001). In the study group, microembolic signals were detected in 61.9% of @entity2500 tested within a week of symptom onset and 20.8% of those tested afterward (P < 0.001). Severe (> or = 70%) @entity543 or occlusion was more frequent in the study group (P < 0.001). Microembolic signals were detected in 25.3% and 11.2%, respectively, of @entity2500 distal to carotid arteries with 70% to 100% and 0% to 69% @entity850 (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 without @entity299 , cerebral microembolism is frequently present on the side of @entity2479 , particularly during the week after onset of symptoms. It is often associated with severe @entity850 or @entity432 .

title: Cerebral microembolism in XXXX with @entity2479 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic oculopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAs', 'middle cerebral arteries']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular blindness']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['central and branch retinal artery infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac embolic sources']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the ipsilateral carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2146 associated with @entity716 is a common presentation in the @entity146 emergency service, there is no consensus concerning the best treatment. Standard treatment often consists of intramuscular (i.m.) injection of high-potency neuroleptics, sometimes combined with @entity1245 . The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy, safety, and tolerability of oral @entity1090 versus intramuscular @entity1767 , both in combination with @entity2934 , for the emergency treatment of @entity716 in @entity1 who are able to accept oral medications. METHOD: A convenience sample of @entity716 @entity1 admitted to a large @entity146 emergency service who required emergency medication for the control of @entity2146 and/or violence was offered @entity1090 (2 mg liquid concentrate) and oral @entity2934 (2 mg) as an alternative to standard care at the institution, @entity1767 (5 mg i.m.) and @entity2934 (2 mg i.m.). Subjects who refused the oral medications were given the intramuscular treatment as a component of routine care. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were enrolled in each treatment group. Although @entity1 were significantly more likely to choose oral medication (chi2 = 5.165, p < .023), other demographic characteristics did not differ significantly between the 2 treatment groups. Both groups showed similar improvement in @entity2146 as measured by 5 @entity2146 subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale, and time to sedation. No @entity1 receiving @entity1090 demonstrated any side effects or adverse events, while 1 @entity1 receiving intramuscular treatment with @entity1767 developed acute @entity3519 . One subject receiving @entity1090 required subsequent treatment with @entity1767 for ongoing @entity2146 . CONCLUSION: Oral treatment with @entity1090 and @entity2934 appears to be a tolerable and comparable alternative to intramuscular @entity1767 and @entity2934 for short-term treatment of agitated @entity716 in @entity1 who accept oral medications.

title: @entity1090 liquid concentrate and oral @entity2934 versus intramuscular XXXX and intramuscular @entity2934 for treatment of @entity716 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic agitation', 'psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: @entity66 associated with @entity7167 rearrangement (8 @entity1354 ), which is included in the 2008 WHO Classification of Myeloid @entity5 , is a rare and @entity146 . The paper describes a clinical case of a 39-year-old female @entity1 who was detected to have @entity491 (as high as 47.2  109/l), absolute @entity1712 (as high as 3.1  109/l), and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes during her visit to a doctor. The bone marrow (BM) showed the changes typically encountered in @entity66 with @entity1712 . The @entity1 was found to have t(8;13)( @entity1354 ;q12) translocation associated with the rearrangement of the @entity7167 gene located at the 8p11 locus. Molecular and cytogenetic examinations failed to reveal @entity1861 chimeric transcript, @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation, and deletions and translocations involving PDGFRA (4q12) and @entity3820 (5q32-33). The similar changes in the karyotype were also found in the lymph node cells. The undertaken treatment with @entity1862 and the @entity4149 kinase inhibitor @entity8947 turned out to be ineffective. The @entity1 underwent allogeneic BM transplantation from a HLA-identical sibling. Graft rejection occurred 6 months later. Allogeneic BM transplantation from the same donor (100% donor chimerism; @entity7167 /8  11 translocation was not detected), which was complicated by the development of chronic graft-versus-host reaction, was performed again in March 2015. The @entity1 is being followed up and continues to receive immunosuppressive therapy.

title: [A rare case of @entity66 with t(8;13)( XXXX ;q12) associated with @entity1712 and lymphadenopathy].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity8947 :: ('MESH:C488369', 'Chemical') :: ['dasatinib']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Myeloproliferative disease', 'myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['extremely aggressive abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1354 :: (8909,Gene) :: ['p11']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6008 ( @entity6008 ) are a common and major cause of morbidity. For this reason, we systematically perform autologous skin grafting. OBJECTIVE: Long-term evaluation of this treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Among the 521 out- @entity1 or those hospitalized for @entity6008 between 1981 and 1993, we assessed 188 (118 @entity1 , 70 @entity1 , mean age 74 years, 144 grafts, 44 non-grafted). RESULTS: For the grafted @entity6008 , there were 46 failures (17.5%), 152 (58%) healed in a mean time of 2.2 months and 64 relapsed (24.5%). For the non-grafted @entity6008 , 3 did not heal (3%), 20 relapsed (22.5%) and 66 healed (74.5%) in a mean time of 4.7 months. All the @entity1 who suffered from painful @entity6008 mentioned a regression of @entity158 after the graft. Finally, 87.5% of @entity1 declared that they would accept a new graft. CONCLUSIONS: We did not note any real difference in closure and recurrence rates between grafted and non-grafted @entity1066 . This is most likely due to an important selection bias related to the methodology of our study. The grafted @entity1066 were more serious: they were larger (28.9 against 7.9 cm2) and older (11.1 against 5.6 months).

title: Long-term assessment of chronic leg XXXX treatment by autologous skin grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['CLU', 'Chronic leg ulcers']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the appropriateness and medication cost of stress @entity1066 before and after a targeted educational intervention. DESIGN: In the preintervention cohort (phase 1), 264 @entity1 were evaluated over 2 months, using stress @entity1066 guidelines developed by a comprehensive literature search. Targeted educational programs were subsequently used to inform @entity130 housestaff on appropriate usage of stress @entity1066 medications with emphasis on using @entity5418 . The postintervention cohort (phase 2) involved concurrent evaluation of 279 @entity1 . @entity1066 (i.e., did not meet approved guidelines) between phases was compared using a Student's t-test for independent samples (alpha = .05). SETTING: A 365-bed university medical center. @entity1 : @entity1 admitted to any of the intensive care units and all @entity1 who were placed on @entity112 -2-antagonists or sucralfate for stress @entity1066 . INTERVENTIONS: Educational intervention regarding appropriate stress @entity1066 directed at the @entity130 service. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 demographics in the two phases were similar and there was no difference in the number of @entity1 risk factors for stress-induced @entity548 . The mean length of inappropriate stress @entity1066 was 5.78 +/- 4.36 days in phase 1 and 4.66 +/- 3.10 days in phase 2 (p < .05). Eighty-nine @entity1 in phase 1 received inappropriate stress @entity1066 for a drug cost of  2,272.00 (mean  25.53 +/- 25.52) compared with 90 @entity1 in phase 2 with a drug cost of  1,417.00 (mean  15.75 +/- 13.06). Three @entity1 in each phase had clinically important @entity548 (hemodynamic compromise or transfusion); all were receiving @entity5616 . The mean total cost (fixed and variable) of hospitalization was  69,288.00 and  74,709.00 for the three @entity1 who bled in each phase compared with  19,850.00 and  15,812.00 for all @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit in phases 1 and 2, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 30.00 days and 29.33 days for the three @entity1 who bled in each phase compared with 11.54 days and 10.27 days for all @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit in phases 1 and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Cost savings are associated with more appropriate stress @entity1066 . Clinically important @entity548 is uncommon but results in prolonged hospital stays and increased costs.

title: Impacting cost and appropriateness of stress XXXX at a university medical center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis', 'Length of inappropriate stress ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have shown disparate results in relation to the role of plasma concentrations of cell adhesion molecules in @entity731 . Moreover, the differentiation of primary vs secondary alterations of these markers, in response to @entity296 , has not been clear. We measured specific soluble cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory markers in @entity1 admitted acutely with @entity662 and compared them to healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively studied @entity1 (total n=241), admitted acutely with @entity662 (7.4+/-9.4 h, 71% within 10 h), unstable @entity951 (n=67), acute @entity583 (n=47) and @entity662 without @entity299 (n=45) and compared them with a stratified sample of randomly selected healthy controls (n=82). Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), endothelial selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule, @entity650 and @entity1851 were measured by ELISA and @entity8729 expression by flow cytometry. Multiple regression analysis was used to control for the impact of classical risk factors. At baseline @entity2071 , @entity650 and @entity1851 were significantly elevated in @entity1 groups whereas no difference in vascular cell adhesion molecule or endothelial selectin was found. At 3 month follow-up, @entity2071 level was unchanged in @entity299 @entity1 . In all groups @entity1851 and @entity650 levels were lower at review. @entity2071 levels at follow-up were higher in @entity299 groups (but not in @entity662 without @entity299 ) relative to controls and remained so only in the unstable @entity951 group following regression. sICAM-1, @entity650 and @entity1851 strongly correlated with smoking. In the acute phase, @entity2071 was confounded by smoking following regression and @entity1851 and @entity650 remained significant in both @entity299 groups after multiple regression. There was no relationship to events which occurred in 23% of @entity299 @entity1 (further acute @entity583 5.3%, @entity1164 0.9% or recurrent @entity951 16.7%). CONCLUSION: We found an inflammatory response with higher sICAM-1, @entity650 and @entity1851 in @entity1 presenting soon after developing an @entity1187 . As sICAM-1 was not affected by the acute event this plasma marker may be an important risk factor for the development of the @entity1187 , particularly unstable @entity951 .

title: Early increase in levels of soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1); potential risk factor for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the suitability of short-course radiotherapy (RT) for @entity1745 ( @entity1745 ) in @entity1582 @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data for 172 @entity1582 @entity1 irradiated between January 1994 and December 2004 for @entity1745 were retrospectively evaluated. Short-course RT (1 x 8 Gy, 5 x 4 Gy, n = 61) and long-course RT (10 x 3 Gy, 15 x 2.5 Gy, 20 x 2 Gy, n = 111) were compared for functional outcome up to 24 months after RT. In addition, 10 potential prognostic factors were investigated. RESULTS: Improvement of motor function occurred in 90 @entity1 (52%). Forty-seven percent of nonambulatory @entity1 regained the ability to walk. Functional outcome was significantly influenced by the time of developing @entity51 before RT. Improvement of motor function was more frequent after long-course RT than after short-course RT: 59% vs. 39% (p = 0.10) at 1 month, 67% vs. 43% (p = 0.043) at 6 months, 76% vs. 40% (p = 0.003) at 12 months, 78% vs. 43% (p = 0.07) at 18 months, and 83% v 54% (p = 0.33) at 24 months. A subgroup analysis of the long-course RT group demonstrated a similar functional outcome for 10 x 3 Gy when compared with 15 x 2.5 Gy and 20 x 2 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: Long-course RT is preferable for @entity1745 in @entity1582 @entity1 because it resulted in better functional outcome than short-course RT. Treatment with 10 x 3 Gy can be considered appropriate.

title: Short-course radiotherapy is not optimal for @entity1745 due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: There are so many studies that suggest the changes in lipid profiles and lipoprotein (a) [ @entity3452 ] are associated with early @entity731 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). But there are some opposite studies also. Because of marked ethnicity differences in the distribution of @entity3452 , we aimed to investigate the associations of @entity3452 levels and lipid changes in Turkish @entity309 @entity1 . There were 30 @entity1 and 20 @entity1 , a total of 50 @entity1 with @entity309 (mean age 47.6 +/- 13.2 years), included and 21 healthy @entity1 and 14 healthy @entity1 (mean age 45.7 +/- 14.5 years) were recruited as a control (C) group. Serum @entity3452 , total @entity165 (TC), @entity412 (TG), HDL @entity165 (HDL-C) and LDL @entity165 (LDL-C) levels were analysed for each group. Analysis of six different studies was performed. In the @entity309 and C groups, mean serum @entity3452 levels were 39.7 +/- 64.4 and 10.5 +/- 13.4 mg/dl, respectively (P=0.001). Mean TC levels were 189.2 +/- 142.5 and 174.0 +/- 29.3 mg/dl (P=0.294), mean TG levels were 121.4 +/- 65.4 and 106.5 +/- 80.0 mg/dl (P=0.030), mean HDL-C levels were 44.5 +/- 10.0 and 47.7 +/- 4.8 mg/dl (P=0.014) and mean LDL-C levels were 94.3 +/- 35.3 and 102.0 +/- 24.6 mg/dl (P=0.98), respectively. Analysis of the six studies showed @entity3452 level was higher and HDL level was lower in @entity309 @entity1 than in healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity309 may have altered lipid profiles from one country to another one. Especially in Turkey, higher serum @entity3452 , lower HDL-C and higher TG levels may be found in @entity309 @entity1 instead of some findings of other countries showing different results. Ethnicity may be a reason for these findings.

title: Ethnicity may be a reason for lipid changes and high @entity3452 levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of adjuvant perfusion techniques of the distal aorta on the outcome of traumatic thoracic aortic transections. @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1973 to 2004, 72 @entity1 (mean age, 39 years) with thoracic aortic transections arrived alive at the emergency department. Nineteen @entity1 arrived in extremis and underwent emergency operations, 42 @entity1 were stable and underwent diagnostic evaluation before surgery (4 @entity1 experienced @entity1755 during evaluation), and 11 @entity1 presented more than 24 hours after the accident. Sixteen @entity1 died before aortic repair could be performed. Operative repair was possible in 53 @entity1 (46 stable and 7 in extremis). Interposition graft was performed in 47 @entity1 , and primary repair was performed in 6 @entity1 . Morbidity, mortality, and @entity451 rate were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1 in extremis had a mortality rate of 84% (16 of 19), stable @entity1 had a mortality rate of 11% (4 of 38), @entity1 who experienced @entity397 during evaluation had a mortality rate of 100% (4 of 4), and @entity1 who underwent delayed operation had a mortality rate of 0% (0 of 11). The @entity451 rate with and without adjuvant distal aortic perfusion techniques was 2% (1 of 41 @entity1 ) and 33% (4 of 12 @entity1 ), respectively (P=.007). Mortality and @entity451 rates were 4% and 4% for partial bypass (n=24), 42% and 33% for the clamp and sew technique (n=12), 0% and 0% for Gott shunt (n=10), and 29% and 0% for full cardiopulmonary bypass (n=7), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although thoracic aortic transections remain a highly lethal injury, hemodynamically stable @entity1 have a low operative mortality. @entity1566 is decreased by the use of adjuvant perfusion techniques that maintain distal aortic perfusion during cross-clamping of the aorta.

title: The effect of adjuvant perfusion techniques on the incidence of XXXX after repair of traumatic thoracic aortic transections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: @entity1313 of the vagina account for 1% of all gynecologic @entity5 . The overall 5-year survival rate for this disease is poor. This study comprised 58 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity957 treated between 1960 and 1984. Median age at diagnosis was 70 years. The lesions were staged according to FIGO. The numbers of @entity1 in various stages were: I/13, II/24, III/12 and IV/9 and according to histologic differentiation: low grade/11, medium grade/17 and high grade/25; not recorded, 5. Twenty @entity1 were treated with primary surgery and irradiation, 30 were treated with intracavitary and/or external irradiation only. The 5-year corrected survival rates were: St I/50%, St II/30%, St III/17% and St IV/10%; grade I/57%, grade 2/32% and grade 3/17%, younger than 70 years of age/43% and older than or 70 years of age/21%. The incidence of @entity3622 amounted to 17%. The treatment results of primary @entity8376 are poor. Prognostic factors for survival should be considered at treatment planning.

title: Primary invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal or vesicovaginal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vagina']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina']


abstract: @entity731 is the leading cause of @entity204 in the U.S. In balloon angioplasty, pressure is applied directly to @entity731 to reopen the occluded blood vessel. The mechanical behavior of the @entity527 often determines the outcome of the angioplasty. Little information on the material properties of @entity731 is available, yet the properties govern the @entity527 's behavior. Our discussion of the experimental testing and numerical analysis of @entity527 is directed toward summarizing the current knowledge of @entity527 material properties. @entity731 exhibits a wide range of behaviors consistent with the variability in the underlying composition. Overall, plaques exhibit nonlinear and inelastic mechanical behavior, although geometry and material properties are not well known. The histomorphological composition is critical in determining the @entity527 's mechanical response. Finite element approximations have been used to study the stresses developed in the diseased vessel; however, material properties are a critical component of a finite element analysis: the predictive capabilities depend on how accurately the material is modeled. When more information on @entity527 behavior is generated through careful and extensive experimental investigations, better models will be constructed to more accurately predict @entity527 responses. As the biomechanics community learns about @entity527 mechanics, we can use the knowledge to enhance the reliability of interventional procedures.

title: Biomechanics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaque', 'Atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic plaque']


abstract: Groups of 10 male and 10 female @entity35 were administered @entity54334 in @entity4336 oil by gavage at 0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/day for 90 consecutive days. Food and water consumption, body and organ weights, organ-to-body weight ratios, hematology, and clinical chemistry parameters were determined. Gross and microscopic pathology examinations also were conducted. No treatment-related mortality was observed during the study; however, @entity99 was evident. Liver changes consisted of cytoplasmic alteration, cytomegaly, karyomegaly, and @entity1157 . These occurred with significance of p < or = 0.05 at or above 10 mg/kg/day in both sexes. The @entity75 included @entity5656 and @entity2543 in both sexes at 40 and 80 mg/kg/day, and ulcerations at 80 mg/kg/day. Also, an increased incidence and severity of spontaneously occurring chronic progressive @entity8 was most apparent in high dose males. Increases in organ-to-body weight ratios were noted for the liver and kidneys in females at the highest dose level and in males at the two highest dose levels. Serum enzymes (ALT, AST, and LDH) were increased in females and decreased in males. Based on liver lesions and biochemical changes, it was concluded that there was no experimentally definable NOAEL.

title: Subchronic toxicity study of @entity54334 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['forestomach lesions']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver, forestomach, and kidney toxicity']

entities_list: @entity54334 :: ('MESH:C051717', 'Chemical') :: ['1,1-dichloro-2-propanone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']


abstract: Epidemiological studies rely on the uneven distribution of disease within and between populations and represent a simple but efficient way of studying disease causation. The incidence of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) has increased dramatically over the past few decades and the epidemic calls for epidemiological studies. The study of Munksgaard and colleagues, in this issue of Dermatology, is a good example of an epidemiological study based on the so-called ecological correlation. It focuses on @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) and fails to document a correlation between @entity1892 incidence and @entity3001 as a surrogate indicator for the exposure to tick bites. Although ecological studies neither inform about the time relationship between exposure and disease nor usually allow control for confounding variables, they can provide important information that would guide the direction of further research. There is a number of analytical studies focusing on risk factors for @entity1893 . One drawback of these studies is that they consider @entity1893 as a single category. One merit of the paper of Munksgaard et al. is that it focused on a rather specific disease, i.e. @entity1892 .

title: Exploring the causes of XXXX : we should learn from the @entity3001 experience.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHLs']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['CBCL', 'cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of ultrasonography as a sole diagnostic study in the preoperative preparation of @entity1 with presumed @entity11677 . DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTINGS: @entity1 's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Ill. @entity1 : Forty-five pediatric @entity1 with midline masses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Accuracy in the determination of a normally positioned thyroid gland excluding the presence of a solitary @entity16490 gland. RESULTS: A retrospective chart review was performed at our institution for the period February 1990 to January 1996. A total of 45 @entity1 with midline masses were identified, 39 of whom had undergone preoperative ultrasonography as their sole diagnostic imaging study. In all 39 @entity1 , both a cyst and a normal thyroid gland were identified. All 39 @entity1 underwent the standard Sistrunk procedure. Thirty-seven @entity1 had pathologically confirmed @entity11677 . The remaining 2 had @entity48 . There were no cases of @entity86 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity16490 in the diagnosis of @entity11677 has been reported to be as high as 1% to 2%. In our surgical and clinical experience, the actual incidence of solitary @entity16490 tissue is substantially lower. Nevertheless, to prevent the inadvertent removal of the only functioning thyroid tissue, with resultant @entity86 and possible medicolegal consequences, we advocate the routine preoperative identification of normal thyroid gland. We recommend ultrasound as an accurate, cost-effective, noninvasive imaging modality in the preoperative evaluation of all @entity1 with neck masses suspicious for @entity11677 . Also, it does not require sedation.

title: Preoperative sonography in presumed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity16490 :: ('MESH:D050033', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid']

entities_list: @entity11677 :: ('MESH:D013955', 'Disease') :: ['thyroglossal duct cyst', 'thyroglossal duct cysts']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity11677 :: (MESH:D013955,Disease) :: ['thyroglossal duct cysts']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop an active high-dose chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of @entity43 . Due to the rapid development a drug resistance, conventional chemotherapy cures only 20% of @entity1 with @entity1442 . However, in vitro data demonstrate a steep dose-response curve to a variety of agents, most notably @entity2664 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A phase I study of escalated bolus @entity2664 (10 to 25 mg/m2 x 3) and @entity786 (30 to 50 mg/kg x 3) with a 5-day infusion of @entity3003 (1,500 mg/m2) and an autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) was performed. @entity2664 pharmacokinetics were performed to document levels required to kill @entity902 -resistant @entity43 in vitro. RESULTS: We treated 25 @entity1 ; the maximum-tolerated total doses (MTD) were 75 mg/m2 for @entity2664 , 120 mg/kg for @entity786 , and 1,500 mg/m2 for @entity3003 . The dose-limiting @entity137 was gastrointestinal, with severe @entity294 , ileus, and resulting @entity295 . Transient partial @entity2319 was seen in four @entity1 , and @entity810 ( @entity810 ) occurred in one @entity1 at the first dose level, but was eliminated in subsequent @entity1 with aggressive hydration. There were four early deaths due to @entity810 (n = 1), @entity55 (n = 1), and @entity295 (n = 2). Peak @entity2664 levels at the MTD were 623 to 2,810 ng/mL, and the area under the curve (AUC) values of the concentration versus time measurements were 560 to 1,700 ng/mL/h. Of 20 assessable @entity1 , 65% responded, with a 45% complete remission (CR) rate. All six of the assessable @entity1 with @entity43 responded: CR in five (83%) and partial remission (PR) in one (17%); the CRs have lasted 7 to 30+ months. Responses were also seen in testicular and @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This regimen was well tolerated at the MTD and appears promising for relapsed/refractory @entity43 , with @entity2664 levels achieved that are active in vitro against @entity902 -resistant @entity43 cells.

title: Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of high-dose @entity2664 combined with @entity3003 , XXXX , and autologous bone marrow rescue: high response rate for refractory @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Legionella pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure', 'ARF']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: 1. The reoxidation of cytosolic @entity2125 was studied in a line of @entity1 @entity157 cells (HuH13) whose mitochondria preferentially utilized @entity1160 for @entity855 formation. 2. The @entity5 cells showed mitochondrial reoxidation of @entity2125 , as evidenced by the accumulation of @entity2388 , when incubated aerobically with @entity5097 . The involvement of the respiratory chain was demonstrated by the addition of specific inhibitors. 3. @entity1160 oxidation proceeded in the @entity5 mitochondria exclusively via a pathway involving transamination. @entity5910 stimulated @entity492 production from @entity1160 . 4. When the @entity5 cells were cultured in Eagle's medium with @entity11086 or in the absence of @entity1160 , a marked reduction in the cellular @entity2125 / @entity2125 ratio was observed. 5. These results indicate that the @entity5910 - @entity492 shuttle was functioning in the @entity5 cells.

title: Oxidation of cytosolic XXXX by the @entity5910 - @entity492 shuttle in HuH13 @entity1 @entity157 cells.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5910 :: ('MESH:C030298', 'Chemical') :: ['Malate', 'malate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity11086 :: ('MESH:D000625', 'Chemical') :: ['aminooxyacetate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity5097 :: ('CHEBI:16651', 'Chemical') :: ['L-lactate']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: Ulceration of the foot is a major cause of morbidity in @entity1 with @entity6 , and its treatment has become a significant part of general surgical practice. It is, therefore, important to develop an efficient and effective approach to the care of this complication. We established a clinic dedicated to the care and prevention of foot @entity1066 in @entity6 @entity1 and since its inception in 1985, 343 @entity1 have been seen. We provide regular prophylactic care and education to @entity1 without @entity1066 , as well as treating those with @entity1066 . To assess the effectiveness of the clinic, we compared two groups of @entity1 . Group 1 contained those who had @entity1066 while attending our prophylactic care program. Group 2 comprised those who were referred to us with lesions already present. There were 21 @entity1 in group 1 and 150 in group 2. There were no statistical differences between the two groups with respect to age, sex, type and duration of @entity6 , smoking history, prevalence of @entity1897 , @entity1095 , @entity8 and @entity989 . The sites and sizes of lesions were also no different between the groups. In spite of these similarities, however, @entity1 in group 1 had a significantly better prognosis than those in group 2. The over-all number of lesions per @entity1 was lower (1.52 +/- 0.98, compared with 2.06 +/- 1.33, p less than 0.05), the mean time required for lesions to heal was shorter (111.9 +/- 80.5 days compared with 160.5 +/- 151.3 days, p less than 0.05). The major amputation rate was lower and fewer @entity1 required partial foot amputation. Prior to the opening of the clinic, the mean length of inpatient treatment was 30 days. This now has been reduced to 12.9 +/- 12.8 days. We conclude that the improved prognosis for those in group 1 can be attributed to the earlier detection and treatment of both potential and actual foot lesions. These results support the contention that the establishment of a dedicated @entity6 care clinic and regular @entity1 review can reduce the morbidity associated with @entity4760 .

title: Meticulous attention to foot care improves the prognosis in XXXX ulceration of the foot.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic foot']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulceration']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated risk factors for failure after portoenterostomy for @entity2876 using univariate and multivariable methods. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Kasai's portoenterostomy has gained worldwide acceptance as the initial surgical therapy for @entity1 with @entity2876 . Although extended survival has been achieved for many @entity1 , factors influencing outcome have not been defined clearly. METHODS: The authors analyzed risks for failure in 266 @entity1 treated from 1972 to 1996 by the Kaplan-Meier product limit estimate and @entity797 proportional hazards model. Failure was defined as death or transplant. RESULTS: Age at surgery, surgical decade, and anatomy of @entity1157 were identified as independent risk factors. Five-year survival was 49% and median survival was 15 years when bile drainage was achieved. Sixty-five @entity1 had liver transplants. Mean age at transplant was 5.4 years. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome after portoenterostomy for @entity2876 is determined by age at surgery and anatomy of the atretic extrahepatic bile ducts. Liver transplant will salvage @entity1 with failed Kasai with 10-year posttransplant survival of 71%.

title: A multivariable risk factor analysis of the portoenterostomy (Kasai) procedure for XXXX : twenty-five years of experience from two centers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['atretic bile ducts']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: In a previous study (L. G. Garcia et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:3700-3711, 2012), we evaluated the intracellular fate of menD and @entity4682 mutants (corresponding to @entity8197 - and hemin-dependent small-colony variants, respectively) of the parental COL @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 and the pharmacodynamic profile of the intracellular activity of a series of antibiotics in @entity1 @entity1357 monocytes. We have now examined the phagocytosis and intracellular persistence of the same strains in @entity1357 cells activated by @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and measured the intracellular activity of @entity801 , @entity3477 , and @entity27972 in these cells. Postphagocytosis intracellular counts and intracellular survival were lower in @entity4515 -activated cells, probably due to their higher killing capacities. @entity801 and @entity3477 showed a 5- to 7-fold higher potency (lower static concentrations) against the parental strain, its @entity4682 mutant, and the genetically complemented strain in @entity4515 -activated cells and against the menD strain in both activated and nonactivated cells. This effect was inhibited when cells were incubated with @entity898 (a scavenger of oxidant species). In parallel, we observed that the MICs of these drugs were markedly reduced if bacteria had been preexposed to @entity274 . In contrast, the intracellular potency of @entity27972 was not different in activated and nonactivated cells and was not decreased by the addition of @entity898 , regardless of the phenotype of the strains. The @entity27972 MIC was also unaffected by preincubation of the bacteria with @entity274 . Thus, activation of @entity1357 cells by @entity4515 may increase the intracellular potency of certain antibiotics (probably due to synergy with reactive @entity26 species), but this effect cannot be generalized to all antibiotics.

title: Influence of the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate on the intracellular activity of antibiotics against hemin- and XXXX -auxotrophic small-colony variant mutants of @entity794 and their wild-type parental strain in @entity1 @entity1357 cells.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus strain']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity27972 :: ('MESH:C100708', 'Chemical') :: ['oritavancin']

answer: @entity8197 :: (MESH:D024483,Chemical) :: ['menadione']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early identification of @entity64 @entity1 at risk for fatal @entity2657 may be useful in selecting @entity1 for aggressive interventions. Prior studies suggested that @entity1209 and major @entity6152 on baseline computed tomography (CT) were predictive of herniation. METHODS: This study was a retrospective multicenter case-control study of @entity1 with large @entity2500 admitted within 48 hours of symptom onset. Medical records, laboratory data, and CT scans were analyzed. Cases, defined as @entity1 who died of massive @entity4 , were compared with all remaining @entity1 as controls. RESULTS: Two hundred one @entity1 with large MCA @entity64 were identified: 94 (47%) died of @entity4 , 12 (6%) died of non-neurological causes, and 95 (47%) survived at day 30. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for age and clustered by center, identified the following predictors of fatal @entity2657 : history of @entity101 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.2 to 7.6, P=0.02), history of @entity712 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.0, P<0.001), elevated white blood cell count (OR 1.08 per 1000 white blood cells/microL, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14, P=0.02), >50% MCA @entity6152 ( @entity17200 , 95% CI 3.5 to 11.6, P<0.001), and involvement of additional vascular territories (anterior cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery, or anterior choroidal artery; OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.4, P=0.02). Initial level of consciousness, National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale score, @entity1209 , and serum @entity413 were associated with @entity16 in bivariable but not multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with large MCA @entity1188 , an increased risk of fatal @entity2657 is associated with history of @entity101 or @entity712 , increased baseline white blood cell count, major early CT @entity6152 involving >50% of the MCA territory, and involvement of additional vascular territories. These data confirm and expand on prior research with a broad-based @entity1 population. The presence of these risk factors identifies those @entity64 @entity1 who may require aggressive therapeutic approaches.

title: Predictors of fatal XXXX in massive hemispheric ischemic stroke.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity6152 :: ('MESH:C565408', 'Disease') :: ['hypodensity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) strokes']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['early nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: The mode of action of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity2900 (SCh) on the isolated frog's muscle spindle has been studied. Receptor afferent nervous supply was maintained; the appropriate spinal roots were dissected for stimulating motor axons and recording from sensory fibres. Excitatory effects on the afferent activity, when the receptor was held still and during stretching, were found with @entity1617 or SCh concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-3); 10(-6) g/ml being usually effective. These effects are similar to those obtained by stimulating fusimotor nerve fibres. The contractile activity of intrafusal muscle fibres which occurred during these effects was observed. Seldom, and only for high concentrations of @entity1617 and SCh, a decrease in afferent activity following the excitatory effects was found. @entity2899 (10(-5)-10(04) g/ml) in the bath prevented both motor fibres and drugs effects. Sometimes slight transient excitation occurred at very high concentrations of the two tested substances; however, this effect was prevented by stronger curarization. The observed blocking effects were always reversed by removing tubocurarine from the bath. No more excitatory effects by motor fibres stimulation and by @entity1617 and SCh action could be found after destruction of intrafusal muscle fibres, by pinching them as close as possible to the ends of the spindle. It is suggested that @entity1617 and SCh act indirectly by causing mechanical changes in intrafusal muscle fibres, and that a direct action on sensory nerve endings, if any, cannot, by itself, increase the afferent activity of the receptor.

title: [Effects of XXXX and @entity2900 on isolated frog neuromuscular spindle].

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['Tubocurarine chloride']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']