abstract: The rate and magnitude of buccal expansion are thought to determine the pattern of water flow and the change in buccal pressure during suction feeding. Feeding events that generate higher flow rates should induce stronger suction pressure and allow predators to draw prey from further away. We tested these expectations by measuring the effects of prey capture kinematics on suction pressure and the effects of the latter on the distance from which prey were drawn-termed suction distance. We simultaneously, but not synchronously, recorded 500-Hz video and buccal pressure from 199 sequences of four @entity22037 , @entity22037 , feeding on @entity2083 . From the video, we quantified several kinematic variables associated with the head and jaws of the feeding bass that were hypothesized to affect pressure. In a multiple regression, kinematic data accounted for 79.7% of the variation among strikes in minimum pressure. @entity2133 opening and hyoid @entity308 were correlated with lower pressures, a larger area under the pressure curve, and a faster rate of pressure reduction. In contrast, buccal pressure variables explained only 16.5% of the variation in suction distance, and no single pressure variable had a significant relationship with suction distance. Thus, although expected relationships between head kinematics and buccal pressure were confirmed, suction distance was only weakly related to buccal pressure. Three explanations are considered. First, bass may not attempt to maximize the distance from which prey are drawn. Second, the response of prey items to suction-induced flow depends on prey behavior and orientation and is, therefore, subject to considerable variation. Third, previous theoretical work indicates that water velocity decays exponentially with distance from the predator' @entity2133 , indicating that variation among strikes in flow at the mouth opening is compressed away from the mouth. These findings are consistent with other recent data and suggest that suction distance is a poor metric of suction feeding performance.

title: Linking cranial kinematics, buccal pressure, and suction feeding performance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22037 :: ('27706', 'Species') :: ['largemouth bass', 'Micropterus salmoides']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['Faster mouth', 's mouth']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity22037 :: (27706,Species) :: ['largemouth bass']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Altered portal hemodynamics and @entity32 may occur following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), but early biological and portal perfusion changes are not well characterized when this procedure is performed selectively. MATERIAL/METHODS: We studied variations in portal flow velocity ( @entity18179 ) using Doppler ultrasonography, as well as serum @entity310 , @entity4725 , and @entity4105 at 2 and 24 hours after supraselective TACE in 15 consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity157 . RESULTS: Variations in @entity18179 occurred both in the embolized and @entity409 . @entity18179 increased significantly at 2 hours in the right and left portal vein. At 24 hours, right @entity18179 remained elevated. Serum @entity310 increased significantly at 2 hours, but @entity4725 and @entity4105 levels remained unchanged. Changes in right and left @entity18179 showed a positive correlation (r=0.9, p<0.001). No correlation could be observed between biological and Doppler changes in portal veins. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity157 , @entity18179 increased in both @entity409 2 hours after supraselective TACE, in association with high serum @entity310 . Diffuse changes in @entity18179 after TACE suggests that mechanisms involved in the regulation of portal and hepatic arterial hemodynamics are present in @entity1 with @entity82 . A major role for @entity310 in acute portal flow velocity variations is unlikely in this situation.

title: Acute portal hemodynamics and cytokine changesfollowing selective transarterial chemoembolization in XXXX with @entity82 and @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['non-embolized liver lobe', 'liver lobes']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3548 launched the @entity311 pre-elimination campaign in 2012 but provincial spraying coverage has failed to attain 95% target, with some districts still encountering @entity311 outbreaks. A study was conducted to evaluate program performance against achieving @entity311 pre-elimination. METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in 5 districts carrying out IRS using the logical framework involving inputs, process, outputs and outcome evaluation. Health workers recruited into the study included direct program implementers, district and provincial program managers. An interviewer administered questionnaire, checklists, key informant interviewer guide and desk review of records were used to collect data. RESULTS: We enrolled 37 primary respondents and 5 key informants. Pre-elimination, Epidemic Preparedness and Response plans were absent in all districts. Shortages of inputs were reported by 97% of respondents, with districts receiving 80% of requested budget. Insecticides were procured centrally at national level. Spraying started late and districts failed to spray all targeted households by end of December. The province is using makeshift camps with inappropriate evaporation ponds where liquid @entity318 waste is not safely accounted for. The provincial IHRS coverage for 2011 was 84%. Challenges cited included; food shortages for spraymen, late delivery of inputs and poor state of IHRS equipment. CONCLUSION: The province has failed to achieve @entity311 pre-elimination IRS coverage targets for 2011/12 season. Financial and logistical challenges led to delays in supply of program inputs, recruitment and training of sprayers. The Province should establish camping infrastructure with standard evaporation ponds to minimise contamination of the environment.

title: Indoor household residual spraying program performance in XXXX province, Zimbabwe: 2011 to 2012; a descriptive cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['Matabeleland South']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

answer: @entity3548 :: (MESH:C538659,Disease) :: ['Matabeleland South']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8711 is a chronic @entity364 of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by various dematiaceous fungi, the most common of which is Fonsecaea pedrosoi. The disease is difficult to treat. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity8711 @entity1 treated by cryosurgery with liquid @entity1568 as the sole or associated therapy were studied. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct examination of @entity3071 cleared specimens, culture, and histology, according to a method previously described by Pimentel et al. (Pimentel ERA, Castro LGM, Cuc   LC, Sampaio SAP. Treatment of @entity8711 by cryosurgery with liquid @entity1568 . J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1989; 15: 72-77). Small lesions were frozen in a single session, whilst larger lesions were frozen in small parts. All @entity1 received double freeze-thaw cycles. An author-created severity index, based on the extent of the diseased area, number of lesions, presence of complications ( @entity4269 , @entity1066 , and secondary infection) and unresponsiveness to previous treatments, was used to determine disease severity. RESULTS: Fonsecaea pedrosoi was isolated from all but one @entity1 . Caucasian (50.0%) males (4.5 : 1.0) were most commonly affected. The average number of cryosurgery sessions per @entity1 was 6.7, varying from one to 22 sessions. The duration of treatment lasted for up to 126 months. Nine @entity1 (40.9%) were considered to be cured (clinically disease-free period of at least 3 years), eight (36.4%) were under observation (clinically disease-free but less than 3 years of follow-up), two (9.1%) were under treatment (still with active lesions), and three (13.6%) were classified as unsuccessful. The average cure period was 7.5 years, varying from 3 to 16 years. Five (55.6%) of the nine cured @entity1 had been cured for periods exceeding 9 years. Six (66.7%) of the nine cured @entity1 were classified as having mild, two (22.2%) severe, and one (11.1%) moderate disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cryosurgery with liquid @entity1568 is an option in the treatment of @entity8711 .

title: Treatment of @entity8711 by cryosurgery with liquid XXXX : 15 years' experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity8711 :: ('MESH:D002862', 'Disease') :: ['chromomycosis', 'Chromomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: The genetic diversity and the spatial structure of a species are likely consequences of both past and recent evolutionary processes, but relevant studies are still rare in East Asia where the Pleistocene climate has unique influences. In this study, we examined the impact of past climate change and recent anthropogenic activities on the genetic structure and population size of the @entity25337 ( @entity25337 ), an agricultural rodent pest species in northern China. DNA sequence data of 2 mitochondrial genes and genotypic data of 11 microsatellite DNA loci from 41 populations (545 individuals) were gathered. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses, as well as species distribution modeling and coalescent simulations, were conducted to infer its historical and demographic patterns and processes. Two deeply diverged mitochondrial clades were recovered. A small one was restricted to the Shandong Peninsula while the main clade was further divided into 3 geographic clusters by their microsatellite DNA genotypes: Northwest, North-center and Northeast. Divergence dating indicated a Middle-to-Late Pleistocene divergence between the 2 clades. Demographic analysis indicated that @entity5953 and pooled populations showed consistent long-period expansions during last glacial period; but not during the Holocene, probably due to the impact of climate warming and @entity1 disturbances. Conflicting patterns between mtDNA and microsatellite markers imply an anthropogenic impact on North-center populations due to intensified agricultural cultivation in this region. Our study demonstrated that the impact of past glaciation on organisms in East Asia significantly differs from that of @entity4324 , and @entity1 activity is an important factor in determining the genetic diversity of a species, as well as its spatial structure.

title: Past climate change and recent anthropogenic activities affect genetic structure and population demography of the XXXX in northern China.

entities_list: @entity25337 :: ('329627', 'Species') :: ['greater long-tailed hamster', 'Tscherskia triton']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Europe and North America']

answer: @entity25337 :: (329627,Species) :: ['greater long-tailed hamster']


abstract: It has been shown that the metabolism of long chain @entity1718 is involved in @entity14 . @entity8595 synthetases (ACSL) activate free @entity1718 by synthesis of @entity8595 thioesters. @entity40586 ( @entity40586 ) is involved in enterocytic differentiation and maturation by regulating both pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects. Whilst impaired expression of @entity40586 has been associated with sporadic @entity14 , little is known about @entity40586 as a prognostic factor. Aim of this retrospective study was to characterize the prognostic impact of @entity40586 expression levels in sporadic @entity14 . A total of 72 @entity1 with a median follow-up of 54 months was included. Using a standardized immunohistochemical approach, @entity14 with low (n=41; group 1) or high (n=31; group 2) @entity40586 levels were identified. In a one-year follow-up, @entity5 recurrence was significantly increased in group 1 (p=0.0279). The finding was independent of the @entity2802 - and UICC-stage in the surgical resections. Frequency of lymph node @entity3 and mortality was not different between the groups. In a long-time follow-up no differences were found between the @entity40586 groups. The data indicate that @entity40586 could be an independent prognostic factor for early recurrence of sporadic @entity14 .

title: Low XXXX synthetase 5 expression in @entity14 is prognostic for early @entity5 recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity8595 :: ('MESH:D000214', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyl-CoA', 'acyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity8595 :: (MESH:D000214,Chemical) :: ['acyl-CoA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the two common classifications for assessing liver function; the @entity1 -Pugh classification and the @entity409 classification. We also examined the feasibility of the modified @entity409 classification. METHODS: A total of 2306 @entity157 @entity1 diagnosed between 1990 and 2002 were categorized according to the three classifications. The modified @entity409 classification is calculated by summation of the scores for five variables (serum @entity648 level, serum albumin level, prothrombin activity, ICG retention rate at 15min, ascites) of the @entity409 classification and classified @entity1 into grades A-C in the similar manner as the @entity1 -Pugh classification. The differences in distribution and survival rate of the @entity1 in each group were compared. RESULTS: With respect to the @entity1 distribution, 1787 (77.5%) and 469 (20.3%) @entity1 were categorized into @entity1 -Pugh grades A and B, respectively, whereas 1187 (51.5%) and 962 (41.7%) @entity1 were categorized into @entity409 grades A and B, respectively. As a result of this disproportionate distribution, survival rates of @entity1 -Pugh grades A and B were lower than those of the @entity409 grades A and B. Furthermore, some discrepancies were found in the distribution of @entity1 between the @entity409 classification and the modified @entity409 classification. One hundred and forty-one @entity1 of the 1187 @entity409 grade A @entity1 were categorized into grade B by the modified @entity409 classification and 71 @entity1 of the 962 @entity409 grade B @entity1 were categorized into grade C by the modified @entity409 classification. The survival rates of these subgroups were similar to those of the @entity409 grades B and C, respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified @entity409 classification appears to be the best available tool for assessing residual liver function, for estimating the survival of Japanese @entity157 @entity1 and for making decisions concerning the treatment of these @entity1 .

title: A proposal of the modified XXXX classification for @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver damage']


abstract: A standardized extract of Citrullus colocynthis used as an oral natural laxative in folk medicine was tested for its influence on liver function parameters in vitro. @entity1447 ( @entity1447 ) dependent production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) under the influence of Citrullus colocynthis extract was investigated by means of stimulated lipid peroxidation (LPO), @entity274 formation and amplified chemiluminescence in @entity35 liver microsomes. In @entity35 liver 9000 x g supernatants 4 monooxygenase reactions mediated by different @entity1447 forms were measured. Putative hepatotoxic effects of Citrullus colocynthis extract were measured by means of @entity972 and @entity2197 concentrations in and LDH leakage from precision-cut @entity35 liver slices. For possible hepatoprotective effects the influence of the extract on @entity4314 -induced changes of these parameters was investigated. Citrullus colocynthis extract in concentrations higher than 10 microg/ml incubation mixture proved to inhibit lipid peroxidation and ROS-production as well as CYP1A-, 2B- and 3A-dependent reactions with typical substrates. In contrast, @entity274 production was not reduced under the influence of the extract, a slight but significant increase was seen. Citrullus colocynthis extract was found to be free of hepatotoxic effects in concentrations up to 100 microg/ml incubation mixture when liver slices were incubated in William's medium E for 22 hours. All viability parameters used were not influenced by the extract of Citrullus colocynthis. @entity4314 induced hepatotoxicity could not be prevented or alleviated. Moreover, the damage was sometimes enhanced by higher extract concentrations.

title: In vitro investigation of a standardized dried extract of Citrullus colocynthis on liver toxicity in adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride', 'Carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A report by the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care (SBU) has reviewed, classified, and graded the scientific literature on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of @entity170 . This article summarizes the overall conclusions. There is no scientific evidence to support the use of bone density measurement as a screening method in healthy, middle-aged individuals. @entity1 with @entity170 -related @entity174 are an undertreated group as regards pharmacotherapy and other interventions to prevent new @entity174 . There are some evidence that physical exercise to reduce falls among elderly and hip protectors can prevent @entity174 . The combination therapy of @entity460 and @entity560 is shown to reduce the risk for @entity173 and other @entity174 except @entity174 in elderly @entity1 . Bisphosphonates are shown to reduce the number of @entity174 , mainly @entity174 . SERM is shown to reduce the risk for @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . Important risk factors for @entity170 -related @entity174 that can be treated are physical inactivity, low weight, @entity286 smoking, high @entity167 consumption, tendency to fall, @entity227 , low exposure to sunlight, and use of @entity288 . No particular diagnostic method or measurement site is optimal for determining the risk for @entity174 in all parts of the skeleton. The various measurement methods--dual energy x-ray absorbtiometry (DXA), ultrasound (QUS), and computed tomography (QCT)--are not directly comparable.

title: [ XXXX --prevention, diagnosis and treatment. A systematic literature review. SBU conclusions and summary].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['Osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate absolute filling defects of the optic nerve head in normal tension @entity726 (NTG) and @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and to compare the filling defects with topographic analysis of the optic disc. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 with NTG, 25 @entity1 with @entity725 , and 25 age-matched controls were included. @entity941 angiograms were performed by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The extent of absolute filling defects of the optic nerve head was assessed using digital image analysis of early-phase angiograms. Topographic measurements of the optic disc were acquired using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II. RESULTS: Absolute filling defects were significantly larger (P =.001) and were seen more often (P<.001) in @entity1 with NTG (n = 18) and @entity725 (n = 19) compared with controls (n = 3). Rim area (P =.006), rim volume (P =.007), cup-disc area ratio (P =.008), linear cup-disc ratio (P =.005), maximum cup depth (P =.002), cup shape measure (P =.03), and nerve fiber layer thickness (P =.008) and cross-sectional area (P =.006) were significantly different between @entity1 with @entity726 and controls. Absolute filling defects were significantly correlated with cup area (r = 0.31; P =.007), rim area (r = -0.38; P<.001), rim volume (r = -0.35; P =.002), cup-disc area ratio (r = 0.49; P<.001), linear cup-disc ratio (r = 0.48; P<.001), cup shape measure (r = 0.27; P =.02), and nerve fiber layer thickness (r = -0.33; P =.004) and cross-sectional area (r = -0.30; P =.009). CONCLUSIONS: @entity941 filling defects of the optic disc are present in NTG and @entity725 . The extent of these filling defects is correlated with the morphologic disc damage.

title: XXXX filling defects and quantitative morphologic analysis of the optic nerve head in @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['Fluorescein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is considered the leading cause of @entity204 from @entity166 in developed countries, while complications of @entity497 being the most common and challenging - increase the risk of mortality. During the progression of @entity295 , a state of neutrophil 'paralysis' develops resulting in the impairment of neutrophil anti-microbial functions including: chemotaxis, production of reactive @entity26 species, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Mechanisms underlying defective neutrophil function remain elusive although NET formation has been implicated in the immunosuppression and increased rates of @entity295 observed in neonates. There is, however, increasing evidence that statins are able to modulate neutrophil function in @entity295 as several systematic reviews have concluded that statins have a role in improving infection-related outcomes and mortality while, in vitro, statins have also been shown to boost NET formation in healthy individuals. METHODS/DESIGN: The 'SNOOPI' trial is a phase 4, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The aim of this study is to determine whether oral treatment with @entity3413 compared to placebo optimises neutrophil anti-microbial functions in elderly @entity1 with @entity55 improving @entity1 outcomes in the elderly. The primary outcome will be NET production within 72 to 96 hours of treatment with @entity3413 or placebo measured in response to a number of inflammatory mediators, including @entity687 , @entity5037 and lipopolysaccharide. Secondary outcomes include neutrophil migratory capacity; reactive @entity26 species production; neutrophil phagocytic capacity; safety and tolerability of @entity3413 administration within this @entity1 group; biological markers of neutrophil activation, the inflammatory response, alveolar epithelial and endothelial injury; systemic endothelial function biomarkers and pulmonary extracellular matrix degradation. This study aims to recruit 60 @entity1 admitted into Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham NHS-Foundation Trust. DISCUSSION: This study will investigate the ability of in vivo @entity3413 therapy to modulate neutrophil anti-microbial functions in @entity497 -associated @entity295 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT number: 2012-003343-29 (Trial Registered: 26 November 2012).

title: XXXX to modify neutrophil function in older @entity1 with @entity55 (SNOOPI): study protocol for a randomised placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['septic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community-acquired pneumonia', 'CAP - sepsis', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity3413 :: (MESH:D019821,Chemical) :: ['Simvastatin']


abstract: Binding of the transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 ( @entity10182 ) to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in neural cells results in the induction of a battery of genes that can coordinate a protective response against a variety of oxidative stressors. In this study, @entity45070 ( @entity45070 ) and @entity8114 were used as activators of this pathway. Consistent with previous studies, treatment of primary cortical cultures from ARE reporter @entity19 revealed selective promoter activity in astrocytes. This activation protected neurons from @entity273 and nonexcitotoxic @entity2227 @entity137 . @entity45070 treatment of cultures from @entity10182 knock-out animals resulted in neither ARE activation nor neuroprotection. By reintroducing @entity10182 via infection with a replication-deficient adenovirus (ad), both the genetic response and neuroprotection were rescued. Conversely, infection with adenovirus encoding dominant-negative (DN) @entity10182 ( @entity10182 ) or pretreatment with the selective @entity4357 -3 kinase inhibitor @entity2306 inhibited the @entity45070 -mediated promoter response and corresponding neuroprotection. Interestingly, the @entity281 showed a high selectivity for astrocytes over neurons. In an attempt to reveal some of the cell type-specific changes resulting from ARE activation, cultures were infected with adenovirus encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) (ad-GFP) or @entity10182 (containing GFP) before @entity45070 treatment. A glia-enriched population of GFP-infected cells was then isolated from a population of uninfected neurons using cell-sorting technology. Microarray analysis was used to evaluate potential glial versus neuron-specific contributions to the neuroprotective effects of ARE activation and @entity10182 dependence. Strikingly, the change in neuronal gene expression after @entity45070 treatment was dependent on @entity10182 activity in the astrocytes. This suggests that @entity10182 -dependent genetic changes alter neuron-glia interactions resulting in neuroprotection.

title: Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-dependent antioxidant response element activation by @entity45070 and XXXX occurring preferentially in astrocytes conditions neurons against oxidative insult.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity45070 :: ('MESH:C018855', 'Chemical') :: ['tBHQ', 'tert-butylhydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['adenoviral infection']

entities_list: @entity8114 :: ('MESH:C016766', 'Chemical') :: ['sulforaphane']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity8114 :: (MESH:C016766,Chemical) :: ['sulforaphane']


abstract: In the United States, @entity0 is the most common @entity5 among @entity1 , with an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 12% in American @entity1 . @entity513 is the most common form of @entity0 in @entity1 , accounting for approximately 60% of all @entity0 . Prognostic markers are used to assess @entity146 , invasiveness, and extent of spread of a @entity5 and thus may be correlated with @entity1 survival. Immunohistochemistry is currently widely used for this purpose, with a variety of prognostication markers available. Classic markers for @entity0 in @entity1 include @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor @entity134 hormone proteins and @entity1 @entity1722 . Many additional markers have been used in diagnosis and prognostication, including @entity876 , @entity4206 , and @entity5962 and cell proliferation markers such as Ki67. Despite an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 6.1%, naturally occurring @entity29060 in nonhuman primates are uncommonly reported, with only sporadic references over the past 75 y. The majority of reported @entity5 occur in @entity2608 , although this prevalence has been suggested to be a consequence of their high frequency of usage in biomedical research. Here we present 2 cases of @entity189 in adult female intact @entity2608 , with cytology, histopathology, and extensive immunohistochemical analysis. According to current classifications for @entity1 @entity0 , both @entity5 were classified as @entity513 . The prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in @entity1 @entity0 and in reported cases in nonhuman primates is discussed.

title: @entity189 in 2 @entity2608 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal carcinoma', 'Invasive ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity29060 :: ('MESH:D015674', 'Disease') :: ['mammary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1722 :: ('2064', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor 2']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: AIM: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality, as indicated by parameters such as chest compression depth, compression rate and compression fraction, is associated with @entity1 survival from @entity1167 . METHODS: Five databases were searched (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Cochrane) as well as the grey literature (MedNar). To satisfy inclusion criteria, studies had to document @entity1 cases of in- or out-of hospital @entity1167 where @entity1167 had been recorded using an automated device and linked to @entity1 survival. Where indicated (I(2)<75%), meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the relationship between individual @entity1167 parameters and either @entity580 ( @entity580 ) or return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). RESULTS: Database searching yielded 8,842 unique citations, resulting in the inclusion of 22 relevant articles. Thirteen were included in the meta-analysis. Chest compression depth was significantly associated with @entity580 (mean difference (MD) between survivors and non-survivors 2.59mm, 95% CI: 0.71, 4.47); and with ROSC (MD 0.99mm, 95% CI: 0.04, 1.93). Within the range of approximately 100-120compressions per minute (cpm), compression rate was significantly associated with @entity580 ; survivors demonstrated a lower mean compression rate than non-survivors ( @entity6917 .17 cpm, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.14). Compression fraction could not be examined by meta-analysis due to high heterogeneity, however a higher fraction appeared to be associated with survival in cases with a shockable initial rhythm. CONCLUSIONS: Chest compression depth and rate were associated with survival outcomes. More studies with consistent reporting of data are required for other quality parameters.

title: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and @entity1 survival outcome in XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['survival to hospital discharge', 'STHD']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'CPR quality']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: The aging process and the elevation of arterial blood pressure (BP) have synergistic effects on the modifications of the arterial system. The effects of the treatment on these modifications are unknown. Our objective was to study the consequences of anti- @entity101 treatment on the geometry and function of the arteries in @entity1 over 70 years old. In 89 @entity1 aged 74 +/- 2 years, we measured internal diameter and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of carotid and radial arteries using high resolution echography (WALL TRACK SYSTEM and NIUS-02), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) by COMPLIOR. The BP was measured in supine position by Dinamap. In 28 subjects the BP was more than 140/90 mmHg (poor controlled @entity101 -HTpc); in the subjects where BP < 140/90 mmHg, 44 were normotensives (NT) without treatment and 17 were well controlled @entity101 (HTwc) on use of at least one antihypertensive. [table: see text] The @entity122 was increased in HTpc (20.1 m/s) in comparison with NT (14.6 m/s) and HTwc (16.1 m/s) (p < 0.05). The operational distensibility of radial artery was similar in the three groups. In conclusion, in elderly @entity1 aged more than 70 years, the anti- @entity101 treatment can normalize the functional properties and the geometry of muscular and elastic arteries. These results indicate that the arterial modifications observed in elderly @entity101 are consequence of the high blood pressure per se and not only consequent the modifications due to the aging.

title: [Antihypertensive treatment can normalize the geometry and the arterial function in the aged XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Loss of @entity16899 ( @entity16899 ) gap junction channels in the heart results in a marked increase in the incidence of spontaneous and inducible polymorphic @entity1165 (PVTs). The mechanisms resulting in this phenotype remain unclear. We hypothesized that uncoupling promotes regional ion channel remodeling, thereby increasing electrical heterogeneity and facilitating the development of PVT. In isolated-perfused control hearts, programmed electrical stimulation elicited infrequent @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), and dominant frequencies (DFs) during @entity1165 were similar in the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV). Moreover, conduction properties, @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ), and repolarizing current densities were similar in RV and LV myocytes. In contrast, PVT was common in @entity16899 conditional knockout (OCKO) hearts, and @entity943 were characterized by significantly higher DFs in the RV compared to the LV. @entity2045 in OCKO myocytes were significantly shorter than those from chamber-matched controls, with RV OCKO myocytes being most affected. APD shortening was associated with higher levels of sustained current in myocytes from both chambers as well as higher levels of the inward rectifier current only in RV myocytes. Thus, alterations in cell-cell coupling lead to regional changes in @entity972 current expression, which in this case facilitates the development of reentrant @entity943 . We propose a new mechanistic link between electrical uncoupling and ion channel remodeling. These findings may be relevant not only in cardiac tissue but also to other organ systems where gap junction remodeling is known to occur.

title: Electrical remodeling contributes to complex tachyarrhythmias in XXXX -deficient mouse hearts.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'monomorphic ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'MVT']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['APDs', 'action potential durations']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity16899 :: (14609(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['connexin43']


abstract: Our main aim was to evaluate the long-term results after reconstruction of the orbital floor with porous @entity691 implants. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity174 of the orbital floor were included in the study. The main cause of @entity174 was road crashes. They also complained of @entity9577 (n=19), @entity892 (n=21), limited @entity1319 (n=17), @entity73 (n=18), and hypoglobus (n=9). All the @entity174 were reconstructed with thin and ultra-thin porous @entity691 sheets. No implants extruded and there were no signs of inflammatory reaction against the porous @entity691 . The symptoms were treated in 14 @entity1 with @entity9577 , 18 with @entity892 , 16 with limited @entity1319 , 14 with @entity4237 with hypoglobus. @entity86 in four @entity1 were treated with systemic antibiotics. Persistent ectropion was present in two @entity1 . Porous @entity691 sheets are reliable, safe and effective implants and may be used for reconstruction of the @entity8924 with no donor site morbidity or need to @entity4682 implant.

title: Repair of XXXX of the orbital floor with porous @entity691 implants.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the infraorbital nerve']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the infraorbital nerve and 8']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fracture']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic ocular motility']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of perioperative halo-gravity traction as an adjunct to posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) in the treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity1635 and coexisting asymptomatic intraspinal pathologies ( @entity601 and/or tethered cord). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Few reports to our knowledge review the use of perioperative halo-gravity traction and PVCR in this @entity1 population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 @entity1 with a minimum 2-year follow-up who underwent PVCR using perioperative halo-gravity traction were analyzed. @entity1 were analyzed by age at date of examination (range, 11-23 y; mean, 14.4 y), sex (7 male, 10 female), major coronal curve magnitude (range, 108-149 degrees; average, 125 degrees), major sagittal curve magnitude (range, 72-118 degrees; average, 91 degrees). Complications related to halo traction and PVCR were reviewed. RESULTS: Radiographic outcomes demonstrated Cobb angle of major curve had an average correction of 28% after halo traction and it measured 53 degrees (range, 42-84 degrees) at the last follow-up, for a 58% correction. Maximal @entity1513 improved to 58 degrees (range, 43-76 degrees) at ultimate follow-up. There were no permanent @entity51 in this series. CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggested that surgical treatment for @entity854 may be unnecessary in asymptomatic @entity1 with severe @entity1635 who are undergoing scoliosis corrective surgery. PVCR combined with perioperative traction is a safe and effective alternative for such @entity1 .

title: Two-staged Correction of Severe XXXX Associated With Intraspinal Abnormalities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['congenital scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['intraspinal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['diastematomyelia']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['Congenital Scoliosis']


abstract: We report a case of a 39-year-old @entity1 who presented to the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with symptoms of @entity7551 and @entity221 . Diagnosed with @entity883 , she received antibiotics and @entity619 , and was discharged. Within 24   h she returned to the @entity341 with signs and symptoms of an @entity1187 ; she was thus given b-blockers. Her coronary angiogram was normal. She developed @entity1455 with an ejection fraction (EF) of 10% and apical ballooning on echocardiography. Her condition improved with optimal medical therapy. Subsequent testing weeks later confirmed the presence of a @entity1911 . Following @entity3159 and an adrenalectomy, all her antihypertensive medications were weaned and her EF normalised. We believe the high-dose exogenous @entity288 triggered a @entity1911 . The concomitant use of b-blockers without preceding a blockade resulted in @entity65 . @entity1911 crisis must be included in the differential diagnosis of any dramatic @entity891 after administration of exogenous @entity228 or b-blockers.

title: Transient @entity1455 during a crisis of @entity1911 triggered by high-dose exogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytoma crisis', 'Pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['haemodynamic collapse']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Significant @entity2431 , indicated by Doppler ultrasound findings of absent or reverse end-diastolic flow velocities (AREDV), is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Analysis of blood flow in the ductus venosus should assist in early intrauterine recognition of threatened foetuses. 58 high-risk pregnancies with umbilical AREDV were repeatedly examined (n=364). Doppler findings were correlated with neonatal signs of deterioration (ratio of normoblasts to leukocytes, pH, base excess, Apgar score), as well as short-term morbidity [need for intubation, duration of assisted respiration, evidence of @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ), @entity1964 ( @entity1964 ), @entity548 (IVH grade III+IV)] against the analysis of the blood flow findings (normal or increased pulsitility, absence or reverse end-diastolic flow) in the umbilical arteries ( @entity10058 ), the middle cerebral arteries (ACM) and ductus venosus (DV) relating these to birth weight and the duration of the pregnancy. The median period of observation was 12.8 days, 48% of the foetuses showed an abnormal ductus venosus flow and 26% an absent venous or reverse end-diastolic flow. The median date of delivery was 30 weeks, with a mean birth weight of 816   g. 93% were live births with 12% dying postnatally. Although the criteria for postnatal morbidity ( @entity2107 , @entity1964 , IVH III+IV) and mortality did not correlate with changes in arterial and venous Doppler parameters in our group, there was a significant relationship between the normoblast count, known to be a marker of chronic @entity519 . The Apgar 10   minte score, umbilical arterial pH and base excess were correlated with changes in the DV flow curves. Healthy survival started, irrespective of arterial or venous blood flow criteria, from 27+0 weeks of pregnancy. If born between 27.0 and 30+6 weeks, the @entity1 were more likely to be healthy the less the blood flow had been compromised. A birth weight of 590   g (sensitivity 62.5%; specificity 93.5%) and gestational age of 28+5 weeks (sensitivity 87.5%; specificity 90.3%) were shown to be cut-off points between healthy survival and survival with serious neonatal complications.

title: [Prognostic Factors of Perinatal Short-term Outcome in Severe XXXX Using Doppler Sonography to Assess End-diastolic Absent and Reverse Blood Flow in Umbilical Arteries.]

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis', 'NEC']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity2431 :: (MESH:D010927,Disease) :: ['Placental Insufficiency']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new technique that combines laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft in @entity1 with @entity8593 of the cervix. DESIGN: Video article introducing a new surgical technique. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 (S): A 16-year-old @entity1 with @entity3799 , @entity365 , and ovarian endometrial cyst. INTERVENTION(S): An original technique of combined laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft for cervicovaginal reconstruction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): A midline incision at the vaginal introitus was made, and a 9-cm canal was made between the bladder and the rectum using sharp and blunt dissection along the anatomic vaginal route, with the aid of laparoscopy to ensure correct orientation. A 14 * 12  cm split thickness skin graft was harvested from the right lateral thigh. By laparoscopy, the level of the lowest pole of the uterine cavity was exposed and the cervix was incised by shape dissection. The proximal segment of the harvested skin to the lower uterine segment was secured, and the distal segment was sutured with the upper margin of vulva vaginally. Surgical technique reports in anonymous @entity1 are exempted from ethical approval by the Institutional Review Board. The @entity1 gave consent to use the video in the article. RESULT(S): The procedure was successfully completed. Since February 2013, our experiences of combined laparoscopic and vaginal cervicovaginal reconstruction using split thickness skin graft in 10 @entity1 with @entity48729 were positive, with successful results and without complications or cervical, or vaginal @entity850 . CONCLUSION(S): Our technique is feasible and safe for @entity48729 , with successful results and without complications or cervical or vaginal @entity850 .

title: Split thickness skin graft for cervicovaginal reconstruction in  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity48729 :: ('MESH:D002577', 'Disease') :: ['congenital atresia of cervix']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cervical atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital atresia']

answer: @entity48729 :: (MESH:D002577,Disease) :: ['congenital atresia of cervix']


abstract: miRNA-16 (miR16) plays an important role in modulating the drug resistance of SGC7901 cell lines to @entity632 (ADR). A variety of viral carriers have been designed for miRNA delivery. However, the safety concerns are currently perceived as hampering the clinical application of viral vector-based therapy. Herein a type of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was designed and synthesized using @entity968 ( @entity970 )-coated @entity13528 nanoparticles as a miRNA delivery system for the purpose of reducing drug resistance of @entity356 cells by enforcing miR16 expression in SGC7901/ADR cells. The MNPs with good biocompatibility were synthesized by thermal decomposition, and then conjugated with miRNA via electrostatic interaction producing miR16/MNPs. After co-culture with miR16/MNPs, ADR-induced apoptosis of SGC7901/ADR was examined by @entity98 and TUNEL. miR16/MNPs treatment significantly increased cell apoptosis in vitro. SGC7901/ADR(fluc) @entity5 -bearing @entity19 under ADR therapy were treated with miR16/MNPs by tail vein injection for in vivo study. After intraperitoneal injection of ADR, @entity5 volume measurement and fluorescence imaging were performed to for the death of SGC7901/ADR cells in vivo. Results showed that miR16/MNPs were able to significantly suppress SGC7901/ADR @entity5 growth, probably through increasing SGC7901/ADR cells' sensitivity to ADR. Our results suggest the efficient delivery of miR16 by MNPs as a novel therapeutic strategy for drug resistant @entity5 treatment.

title: In vivo multimodality imaging of miRNA-16 iron nanoparticle reversing drug resistance to chemotherapy in a XXXX @entity356 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity308 is a frequent comorbid condition in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) @entity1 and may impact upon treatment prognosis. Identification of @entity3119 "subtypes" might ultimately aid in treatment decision-making as it has in other @entity146 . A retrospective pilot study was performed examining depressive and @entity3119 symptomatology by analyzing the relation between factor scores on the Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and the Maudsley Inventory (MOCI) in 41 @entity3119 @entity1 . Total BDI score was significantly correlated with total MOCI score (r = .36, p < .02). Checking was correlated with @entity308 (r = .30, p < .05). Doubting correlated with both Guilty @entity308 (r = .48, p < .002) and @entity308 (r = .37, p < .02). None of the canonical correlations were significant. At p < .08, the first canonical correlation approached significance. The data were interpreted cautiously as suggesting that some @entity3119 @entity1 may exhibit symptoms of Doubting together with Guilty @entity308 and @entity308 symptoms. These data need replication in a larger, prospective study design.

title: Subtyping obsessive @entity3119 XXXX by depressive symptoms: a retrospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'obsessive compulsive disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Retarded depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity7824 ( @entity7824 ), initially asymptomatic, sometimes become huge before detection. We described and analyzed the clinical, radiological, operational and outcome data of 13 cases of huge intraventricular @entity7824 , and discussed the treatment strategies in this study. All huge @entity7824 (n=13) in our study were located in bilateral lateral ventricle with diameter >= 5.0 cm and had a broad-based attachment to at least one side of the ventricle wall. All @entity1 received craniotomy to remove the @entity5 through transcallosal or transcortical approach and @entity7824 were of typical histologic and immunohistochemical features. Adjuvant therapies including conventional radiation therapy (RT) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) were also performed postoperatively. Transcallosal and transcortical approaches were used in 8 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. Two @entity1 died within one month after operation and 3 @entity1 with gross total resection (GTR) were additionally given a decompressive craniectomy (DC) and/or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) as the salvage therapy. Six @entity1 received GTR(+RT) and 7 @entity1 received subtotal resection (STR)(+GKRS). Eight @entity1 suffered serious complications such as @entity1276 , @entity912 and @entity410 after operation, and @entity1 who underwent GTR showed worse functional outcome [less Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) scores] than those having STR(+GKRS) during the follow-up period. The clinical outcome of huge @entity7824 seemed not to be favorable as that described in previous reports. Surgical resection for huge @entity7824 should be meticulously considered to guarantee the maximum safety. Better results were achieved in STR(+GKRS) compared with GTR(+RT) for huge @entity7824 , suggesting that STR(+GKRS) may be a better treatment choice. The recurrent or @entity41 can be treated with GKRS effectively.

title: Treatment strategies for huge XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity7824 :: ('MESH:D018306', 'Disease') :: ['CNs', 'Central neurocytomas']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity7824 :: (MESH:D018306,Disease) :: ['central neurocytomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A study of the glycemic control, quality of life, and fear and perception of @entity4053 by comparing continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) group with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) with bolus calculator group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study with following up during the first 12 months that CSII group (n=30) begins the use of "bolus wizard" and the @entity2794 -calculator (n=30) group begins the use of the bolus calculator (Accu-Chek(  ) Aviva Expert). PRIMARY OUTCOME: HbA1c (3, 6 and 12 months). Questionnaires used: EsDQOL (quality of life), FH-15 (fear of @entity4053 ), and Clarke (perception of @entity4053 ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: T Student and nonparametric tests. RESULTS: The average reduction in HbA1c during the study was significantly higher in CSII group (-0.56  0.84%) compared with the @entity2794 group (0.097  0.94%), P=.028. The average basal @entity2690 dose was significantly higher in the @entity2794 group (at baseline, 6 and 12 months). No significant differences were found between the 2 treatment groups after analyzing the EsDQOL, FH-15 and Clarke questionnaires. In the CSII group, perceived quality of life assessed by the EsDQOL questionnaire was found to be better at the end of the study than at the beginning of using the @entity2690 pump. CONCLUSIONS: The average reduction in HbA1c was significantly higher in the CSII group. In the CSII group, perceived quality of life was better at the end of the study than at the beginning.

title: Comparison of treatment with continuous subcutaneous XXXX infusion versus multiple daily @entity2690 injections with bolus calculator in patients with type 1 diabetes.

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['multiple daily inyections', 'MDI']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of remodeling in diffuse @entity731 by intravascular ultrasound is hampered by the lack of an appropriate reference segment. Transplant @entity453 is an accepted model of diffuse @entity731 . Flow-dependent remodeling is regulated by shear stress. Thus, normal levels of shear stress at baseline flow reflect adequate regulation and provide a functional assessment of flow-dependent remodeling. METHODS: The approach was evaluated in 91 @entity1 with transplant @entity453 and in 9 non-transplanted controls and 16 control transplant recipients. Quantitative coronary angiography, intracoronary ultrasound and intracoronary velocity studies were performed at baseline and after pharmacologic intervention. Calculated shear stress was compared between these groups and a sub-group with coronary angioplasty at follow-up (8 of 60 @entity1 with control angiography after 23 +/- 8 months). The relation of shear stress to flow, diameter, flow/area ratio and endothelial function was analyzed. RESULTS: Normal shear stress was found in non-transplanted controls and transplant recipients without @entity453 . @entity1 with coronary angioplasty at follow-up had elevated shear stress and enhanced @entity409 on the initial investigation. Shear stress was not correlated with flow (r = 0.062, non-significant), but with diameter (r = -0.654), flow/area ratio (r = 0.814) and @entity409 (r = 0.722). CONCLUSION: Calculated local shear stress appears to be useful for the assessment of the adequacy of flow-dependent macrovascular remodeling in diffuse @entity731 . Elevated blood flow/area ratio is a potential clinical marker of increased shear stress that reflects inadequate flow-dependent remodeling.

title: Shear stress and vascular remodeling: study of XXXX as a model of diffuse @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['cardiac allograft coronary artery disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intravenous glucocorticoid (i.v.GC) pulse therapy for @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) can be associated with @entity99 ( @entity99 ), which was roughly estimated to occur in    1% of @entity1 , with an overall mortality of 0.4%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of @entity99 after the introduction of a series of exclusion criteria and preventive measures. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of all consecutive @entity1 candidate to i.v.GC over a period of 5 years. METHODS: The study includes 376 @entity6875 @entity1 candidate to i.v.GC. Several liver tests were performed before, during, and after i.v.GC. To prevent @entity99 morbidity and mortality, the following measures were applied: i) exclusion of @entity1 with active @entity99 and/or severe @entity1560 ; ii) reduction in the GC dose, frequency, and number of pulses; and iii) administration of oral GC after i.v.GC, and also during i.v.GC in @entity1 positive for nonorgan-specific autoantibodies (to prevent @entity775 due to immune rebound). @entity99 was defined as an increase in @entity493 aminotransferase >= 300U/l. RESULTS: A total of 353 @entity1 were given i.v.GC and 23 were excluded for various conditions. @entity99 was detected in 4/376 @entity1 candidate to i.v.GC, resulting in a morbidity of 1.06%. One @entity1 recovered spontaneously and three after additional treatment with oral GC, given to re-establish immune suppression in the suspect of an @entity775 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 related to i.v.GC is a relatively rare adverse event. Provided an accurate selection of @entity1 and a series of preventive measures are applied, i.v.GC is a safe treatment for the liver.

title: Intravenous glucocorticoid therapy for @entity6875 and XXXX : an epidemiological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['liver steatosis']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'GO']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'acute liver damage', 'viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['acute liver damage']


abstract: A new class I antiarrhythmic, @entity6237 , was investigated in 10 @entity1 to assess short-term efficacy and safety. All @entity1 were hospitalized for 3 days; no antiarrhythmics were given on days 1 and 3. On day 2 @entity6237 1 mg/kg was given intravenously over 5 min. If the predrug @entity943 (s) was not completely suppressed, additional boluses of 0.5 mg/kg were injected at 30- to 60-min intervals to a maximum of 5 mg/kg. Seven @entity1 received 2 mg/kg, and 3 @entity1 received 1 mg/kg. Before drug 5 @entity1 had @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) (more than 4 per min); 2 @entity1 had @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with @entity1540 ; 1 @entity1 had both @entity1540 and @entity11706 ( @entity11706 ); and 2 @entity1 had only @entity11706 . One @entity1 with @entity1540 failed to respond to @entity6237 ; he was unresponsive to all available antiarrhythmic drugs. In the other 7 @entity1 @entity1540 were suppressed for an average of 13 hr (range 6 to 24 hr), @entity955 was not affected, and @entity11706 were suppressed. @entity6237 did not induce significant changes in P-R, QRS, or Q-T intervals. Side effects were negligible and included a tingling sensation and feeling of skin warmth for 15 min after drug in one @entity1 .

title: Antiarrhythmic effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11706 :: ('MESH:D018880', 'Disease') :: ['premature atrial contractions', 'PACs']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'Flecainide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial DNA mutation @entity68024 in the @entity3915 ) gene causes respiratory chain @entity9714 . The main clinical feature appears to be a progressive @entity3055 with proximal @entity425 . OBJECTIVE: To report on clinical and molecular features in 4 novel @entity1 with the @entity68024 mutation. DESIGN: Case reports. @entity1 : Four @entity1 (3 of whom are from the same family) with a @entity121 caused by the @entity68024 mitochondrial DNA mutation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Identification of the @entity68024 mutation by DNA sequencing. RESULTS: All 4 @entity1 had an adult-onset progressive @entity3055 with proximal @entity425 , resulting in exercise intolerance. In 2 unrelated @entity1 , upper limb reflexes were absent with preservation of at least some lower limb reflexes. Other features including @entity393 , recurrent @entity10 , @entity1736 , progressive external @entity4610 , and @entity308 were present. CONCLUSION: While the dominant clinical features of the @entity68024 mutation were exercise intolerance and proximal @entity425 , other features of @entity17903 , previously not described for this mutation, were present.

title: Clinical and molecular features of @entity17903 due to the XXXX mutation in the mitochondrial tRNA(Leu( @entity3915 )) gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3055 :: ('MESH:D017240', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial myopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial encephalomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity9714 :: ('MESH:C537475', 'Disease') :: ['complex I deficiency']

answer: @entity68024 :: (c|SUB|A|3302|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A3302G']


abstract: Traumatic @entity2849 of the axillary artery combined with @entity2685 is extremely rare. The factors that influence the symptoms and functional recovery related to this condition are unclear. Nine @entity1 who had sustained this @entity130 were surgically treated at our unit between June 1999 and November 2010. The cause of @entity130 , symptoms, signs and examinations of @entity51 , and the surgical findings of the involved nerves and vessels were recorded in detail. The functional recovery of vessels and nerves, as well as the extent of @entity158 , were evaluated, respectively. The average length of @entity1 follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 24 months to 11.3 years). After vessel repair, whether by endovascular or operative treatment, the distending, constant, and pulsating @entity158 was relieved in all @entity1 . Furthermore, examination of the radial artery pulse on the repaired side appeared normal at last follow-up. All @entity1 showed satisfactory sensory recovery, with motor recovery rated as good in five @entity1 and fair in four @entity1 . The symptom characteristics varied with the location of the damage to the axillary artery. Ultrasound examination and computed tomography angiography are useful to evaluate @entity1317 and provide valuable information for operative planning. Surgical exploration is an effective therapy with results related to the @entity128 condition of the brachial plexus.

title: Traumatic XXXX combined with @entity2685 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological and vascular deficits']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injury']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysm of axillary artery']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mimecan plays an important role in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell integrity and may be involved the pathology of arterial @entity2693 . However, the role of mimecan in arterial @entity2693 in @entity1 with @entity101 is not well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 116 @entity101 @entity1 and 54 healthy controls were enrolled in the investigation. @entity101 @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: the with arterial @entity2693 group (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV] >= 1400 cm/s; n=83) and the without arterial @entity2693 group (baPWV <1400 cm/s; n=33). A noninvasive measure of @entity455 was performed using pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) measurement of baPWV. @entity101 @entity1 had higher baPWV, mimecan, and @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) than healthy controls. The arterial @entity2693 group had higher mimecan and @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) and lower ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) than those without @entity2693 . In @entity101 @entity1 , mimecan was inversely correlated with ABI (P<0.05) and positively correlated with baPWV, @entity2232 , and total @entity165 . On multivariable logistic regression analysis, diastolic blood pressure, mimecan, @entity2232 , and @entity1011 were independent predictors of arterial @entity2693 in @entity101 @entity1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mimecan levels are higher in @entity101 @entity1 than in healthy controls. Increased plasma mimecan levels are independently associated with increased arterial @entity2693 as assessed by baPWV.

title: Serum Mimecan Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: In a single blind study 25 out @entity1 with @entity28 were treated for 6 weeks with @entity9015 (2 mg one hour before lunch). The active treatment period was followed by a placebo period of 4 weeks. 9 out of 25 @entity1 (group I) were asked to stick to a diet of 1000 cal daily for 14 days before entering the active treatment period. The rest of the @entity1 (group II) were asked to start with this diet when entering the treatment period. There was practically no @entity353 during the initial 2 weeks on diet alone in group I. In both groups on @entity9015 there was a significant @entity353 beginning after one week with a maximum weight loss of 4,1 and 5,1 kg respectively at the end of the active treatment period (2p less than 0,001). After the first week of the following placebo period there was an increase in weight in both groups (2p less than 0,01). During both treatment periods no changes in clinical (including) ergometric investigations) and laboratory findings were observed. However from these results no conclusions can be drawn regarding cardiopulmonary tolerance and abuse potential. In a few cases mild side effects related to the CNS have been found.

title: [Comparative trial on the effects of diet, @entity9015 , and placebo in the treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity9015 :: ('MESH:D008454', 'Chemical') :: ['Mazindol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['exogenous obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['exogenous obesity']


abstract: @entity5660 sexually mature at the end of Year 3. The form of @entity1176 that controls gonadotropin release in trout is salmon @entity1176 (sGnRH). In the tetraploid @entity5660 , two genes encode an identical sGnRH peptide. The sGnRH gene-1 produces one mRNA, whereas sGnRH gene-2 can produce more than one. This study asks whether the transcripts and their protein products are expressed in the brain and gonads and whether the pattern correlates with @entity458 over the final year leading to first spawning. Brain sGnRH mRNA and protein were continuously present throughout the third year. We show for the first time that the long sGnRH-2 mRNA transcript is expressed in neural tissue and not exclusively in gonadal tissue. Expression of the long sGnRH-2 mRNA in the brain coincides with high levels of sGnRH peptide in the brain during a time of increased gonadal growth. Thus, the long sGnRH-2 mRNA in the brain may act to regulate s @entity1176 production in a stage-specific rather than a tissue-specific manner. In gonads, local sGnRH is thought to play an autocrine/paracrine role in regulating gonadal maturation and spawning. In the maturing gonads, sGnRH gene-1 and -2 are expressed intermittently. Strikingly, sGnRH peptide was not detected in the gonads at any time during Year 3. These results suggest that either the sGnRH transcripts in the gonads are not translated into protein or, if translated, the protein is rapidly released, resulting in gonadal content below 1 fM per fish.

title: Transcription and translation of the salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes in brain and gonads of sexually maturing @entity5660 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Rainbow trout', 'rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual maturity']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: In several laboratory animal studies, it has been documented that the hearing, vision, and brain can be injured due to exposure to organic solvents. This finding formed the background for a pilot study (n=16) aimed at identifying new ways of qualifying diagnostics, treatment, and rehabilitation of @entity1 suffering from @entity1545 due to exposure to organic solvents, also referred to as toxic @entity75 . Diagnosing toxic @entity75 is complicated because the symptoms of this type of @entity1545 are non-specific. So, it was initially hypothesised that some of the difficulties involved in diagnosing toxic @entity75 could be minimized by extending the diagnostic procedure. Apart from clinical interviewing and neuropsychological testing, the diagnosis should include the examination of hearing and vision. This will help in achieving new measures that could improve in diagnosing toxic @entity75 with more certainty. On the basis of ranking, only one @entity1 in the pilot study was considered to have a normal neuropsychological test profile, which was defined as a test profile without any marked deviations when compared with a normal population. A total of 10 @entity1 were considered to have "discrete problems." These @entity1 had a test profile showing either a few strikingly negative results or an array of results slightly below the expected level when compared with a normal population. A total of four @entity1 were considered to suffer from "moderate problems" and one @entity1 from "severe problems." The @entity1 with "moderate problems" and "severe problems" showed consistent negative results and an unambiguous negative test profile. However, the overall results of all neuropsychological examinations performed revealed a dispersed picture. Quite remarkably, all the 13 @entity1 who had their hearing examined showed a loss of hearing, 7 @entity1 complained about @entity392 , and all @entity1 had a history of exposure to both noise and organic solvents, which had not been observed at the initial examination, but seemed to have serious implications for their prognosis and future life.

title: Toxic XXXX and noise-induced hearing loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury', 'diffuse brain injury']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: The mechanism of @entity137 of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) gas is thought mainly to operate through effects on the nervous system. The gas has high acute @entity137 , but whether chronic exposure causes effects, including @entity1897 , is yet unclear. The city of Rotorua, New Zealand, sits on an active geothermal field and the population has some of the highest measured ambient @entity3958 exposures. A previous study in Rotorua provided evidence that @entity3958 is associated with @entity1897 . Using clinical methods, the present study sought to investigate and possibly confirm this association in the Rotorua population. The study population comprised 1635 adult residents of Rotorua, aged 18-65. Collected data relevant to the @entity1897 investigation included symptoms, ankle stretch reflex, vibration sensitivity, as measured by the timed-tuning fork test and a Bio-Thesiometer (Bio-Medical Instrument Co., Ohio), and light touch sensitivity measured by monofilaments. An exposure metric, estimating time-weighted @entity3958 exposure across the last 30 years was used. Principal components analysis was used to combine data across the various indicators of possible @entity1897 . The main data analysis used linear regression to examine associations between the peripheral nerve function indicators and @entity3958 exposure. None of the peripheral nerve function indicators were associated with @entity3958 exposure, providing no evidence that @entity3958 exposure at levels found in Rotorua is a cause of @entity1897 . The earlier association between @entity3958 exposure and @entity1897 diagnoses may be attributable to the ecological study design used. The possibility that @entity3958 exposure misclassification could account for the lack of association found cannot be entirely excluded.

title: Ambient geothermal XXXX exposure and @entity1897 .

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3957 :: (MESH:D006862,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen sulfide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of sex, and its joint effect with age and @entity6 , on mortality subsequent to surviving an @entity583 ( @entity583 ) beyond 30  days are unclear. The high prevalence of @entity6 in an ethnically diverse Asian population motivates this study. METHODS: The study population comprised of a nationwide cohort of Asian @entity1 with @entity583 , hospitalized between 2000 to 2005, who survived the first 30  days post-admission and were followed prospectively until @entity204 or 12  years. RESULTS: Among the 13,389 survivors, there were fewer @entity1 (25.5%) who were older than @entity1 (median 70 vs. 58  years) and a larger proportion had @entity6 at admission (51.4% vs. 31.4%). During follow-up 4,707 @entity204 ( @entity1 13.2%; @entity1 22.0%) occurred, with @entity1 experiencing higher mortality than @entity1 with an averaged hazard ratio (HR): 2.08; 95% confidence interval : 1.96-2.20. However the actual adverse outcome, although always greater, reduced over time with an estimated HR: 2.23 (2.04-2.45) at 30  days to HR: 1.75; (1.47-2.09) 12  years later. The difference in mortality also declined with increasing age: HR 1.80 (1.52-2.13) for those aged 22-59, 1.26 (1.11-1.42) for 60-69, 1.06 (0.96-1.17) and 0.96 (0.85-1.09) for those 70-79 and 80-101 years. Significant two-factor interactions were observed between sex, age and @entity6 (P   <   0.001). @entity6 @entity1 <60  years of age had greater mortality than @entity6 @entity1 of the same age (adjusted HR: 1.44; 1.14-1.84; P   =   0.003), while @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 >= 60  years of age had a less pronounced mortality difference (adjusted HR: 1.12; 0.99-1.26). CONCLUSIONS: One in two @entity1 hospitalized for @entity583 in this Asian cohort had @entity6 and the sex disparity in @entity12463 was most pronounced among these who were <60  years of age. This underscores the need for better secondary prevention in this high-risk group.

title: Impact of the joint association between sex, age and XXXX on long-term mortality after @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['post-MI mortality']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ) remains without effective therapy. As @entity21668 have myotrophic properties, the authors studied whether a synthetic @entity342 , @entity7786 , would have efficacy in @entity5589 . METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design was used. @entity1 received @entity7786 or placebo for 12 weeks followed by a minimum 2-month washout period, followed by 12 weeks of the alternative treatment. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction testing (MVICT), manual muscle testing (MMT), and functional performance testing were obtained before and after each treatment period, with the whole-body MVICT score as the primary outcome measure. RESULTS: Of 19 @entity1 enrolled, 16 (14 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 ; median age 68.5 years) had complete data for at least the first treatment period, with 13 completing the entire study. Whole-body MVICT improved by a median of 15.5 kg with drug and 4.1 kg with placebo (p = 0.06), whereas @entity569 demonstrated a median increase of 2.0 Medical Research Council points with drug and 0.9 point with placebo (p = 0.33). Upper-extremity MVICT demonstrated a significant treatment effect, with strength increasing a median 6.3 kg with drug vs 2.5 kg with placebo (p = 0.006). Stair climbing also increased a median of 1 step on average with drug versus no change with placebo (p < 0.001). Minimal adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7786 had a borderline significant effect in improving whole-body strength and a significant effect in improving upper-extremity strength as measured by MVICT. Given these findings, further study of this drug, possibly in combination with an immunomodulating agent, is warranted.

title: A pilot randomized trial of XXXX in inclusion body myositis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity7786 :: ('MESH:D010074', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxandrolone', 'oxandrolone']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['Inclusion body myositis', 'IBM']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity21668 :: ('MESH:D016114', 'Disease') :: ['anabolic steroids']

answer: @entity7786 :: (MESH:D010074,Chemical) :: ['oxandrolone']


abstract: The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia is similar in non-insulin-dependent @entity6 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 and in non- @entity6 subjects. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and of low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 is roughly double the norm in @entity2175 , but the exact prevalence varies greatly from study to study. @entity28 and a familial form of hypertriglyceridaemia (conditions that may alter plasma lipoprotein levels) are frequently observed in @entity2175 @entity1 . In carefully controlled @entity2175 @entity1 without concomitant primary hyperlipoproteinaemia, body weight may be more important than glycaemic control or the type of treatment plan adopted in determining lipoprotein levels. Hypertriglyceridaemia in @entity2175 is a result of both increased very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) synthesis and impaired VLDL catabolism. Whilst low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels are normal, the LDL synthesis and removal rates may be increased. Low high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) levels may be due to increased catabolism. In addition to quantitative changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins. @entity2175 @entity1 demonstrate qualitative lipoprotein alterations. The size and density of LDL particles in @entity2175 @entity1 are greatly affected by @entity412 levels. Smaller, denser LDL particles have been observed in hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. Glycosylation of apolipoproteins may alter the metabolic properties of lipoproteins. Glycosylated and small, dense LDL have an increased susceptibility to oxidation.

title: Dyslipoproteinaemia in manifest XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity25937 is caused by heterozygous de novo missense mutations in the protooncogene @entity8498 with @entity5 predisposition, especially @entity980 . We here report two pediatric @entity1 with @entity25937 and umbilical ligament @entity980 . A review of the literature published in English in MEDLINE from January 1971 to June 2016 using the search terms " @entity25937 " and " @entity980 " was performed, including two new cases that we describe. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity25937 and @entity980 were recorded with mean age of diagnosis of 2 years and 8 months. The most common @entity5 location was the abdomen/pelvis, including four out of ten of those in the umbilical ligament. The most common histological subtype was @entity2875 . Overall survival was 43%. A total of 17 @entity980 in pediatric @entity1 arising in the umbilical ligament were recorded with mean age of diagnosis of 3 years and 4 months. Overall survival was 69%. @entity25937 is a poorly known disorder in pediatric oncology but their predisposition to @entity5 implies the need for a new perspective on early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical treatment.

title: Costello Syndrome and Umbilical Ligament @entity980 in Two Pediatric XXXX : Case Reports and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity25937 :: ('MESH:D056685', 'Disease') :: ['Costello syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1986 ( @entity1986 ) is a new therapeutic strategy being explored in @entity263 (CaP), which involves focal ablation of organlocalized @entity5 via an interstitial laser fiber. While little is known about treatment-related changes following @entity1986 , studying post- @entity1986 changes via imaging is extremely significant for enabling early image-guided intervention and follow-up. In this work, we present the first attempt at examining focal treatment-related changes on a per-voxel basis via quantitative comparison of MRI features pre- and post- @entity1986 , and hence identifying computerized MRI features that are highly sensitive as well as specific to post- @entity1986 changes within the ablation zone in the prostate. A retrospective cohort of 5 @entity1 datasets comprising both pre- and post- @entity1986 T2-weighted (T2w) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) acquisitions was considered, where DWI MRI yielded an Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC) map. Our scheme involved (1) inter-protocol registration of T2w and ADC MRI, as well as inter-acquisition registration of pre- and post- @entity1986 MRI, (2) quantitation of MRI parameters by correcting for intensity drift in order to examine tissuespecific response, and (3) quantification of the information captured by T2w MRI and ADC maps via texture and intensity features. Correction of parameter drift resulted in visually discernible improvements in highlighting tissue-specific response in different MRI features. Quantitative, voxel-wise comparison of the changes in different MRI features indicated that steerable and non-steerable gradient texture features, rather than the original T2w intensity and ADC values, were highly sensitive as well as specific in identifying changes within the ablation zone pre- and post- @entity1986 . The highest ranked texture feature yielded a normalized percentage change of 186% within the ablation zone and 43% in a spatially distinct normal region, relative to its pre- @entity1986 value. By comparison, both the original T2w intensity and ADC value demonstrated a markedly less sensitive and specific response to changes within the ablation zone. Qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation of co-occurrence texture features indicated the presence of @entity1986 -related effects such as @entity4 adjacent to the ablation zone, which were indiscernible on the original T2w and ADC images. Our preliminary results thus indicate great potential for non-invasive computerized MRI imaging features for determining focal treatment related changes, informing image-guided interventions, as well as predicting long- and short-term @entity1 outcome.

title: Identifying Quantitative In Vivo Multi-Parametric MRI Features For Treatment Related Changes after Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['Laser interstitial thermal therapy', 'LITT']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although outcome measures that assess disability after @entity130 have been found to be valid and responsive to change, the reliability of self-reported disability has not been studied in these @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported and independently observed disability in @entity1 with @entity130 . METHODS: Items were selected from the Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment (SMFA) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) outcome assessment instruments. @entity1 had either an isolated upper (n = 61) or lower extremity (n = 55) injury or were noninjured controls (n = 40). @entity1 completed the SMFA and DASH before being videotaped completing items selected from the outcome assessment instruments. Observers reviewed the video and rated @entity1 ' levels of disability in performing the items. RESULTS: Observers consistently rated the disability levels for the items lower than the @entity1 . Overall, agreement in levels of disability between observers and @entity1 varied greatly across the different items (quadratic weighted kappa; range, 0.00-0.82). CONCLUSION: The results emphasize that @entity1 and observers differ in their assessment of an individual's level of disability in performing items related to activities of daily living. Therefore, caution should be used when data collected by a proxy observer is used to substitute self-reported data.

title: A comparison of self-reported and independently observed disability in an orthopedic XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patients', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['isolated orthopedic injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find the incidence, early outcome and the associated risk factors of @entity519 ischemic @entity75 ( @entity14783 ) in Madina Al-Munawara, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and compare it with other centers. Also, to find out whether any of these risk factors are preventable. METHODS: We conducted a case controlled study of @entity14783 in Madina Maternity and @entity1 's Hospital, Madina Al-Munawara, KSA over a one-year-period, from June 1995 to May 1996. All the inborn term babies without major @entity600 that developed @entity14783 were included in the study. A term baby born next to the index case was taken as a control for each case. Data was collected for possible risk factors. The incidence of risk factors in the 2 groups was analyzed and compared statistically. RESULTS: A total of 70 cases of @entity14783 were recorded in the study period giving an incidence of 5.5 cases per 1000 term births. This incidence is lower compared to many developing countries and comparable to other centers. Among the maternal factors, being a primigravida, with no antenatal care, presence of pregnancy induced @entity101 , and complications of pregnancy were significantly higher in the study population. Similarly, the frequency of prolonged 2nd stage of labor, antepartum @entity548 , delivery by emergency cesarean section (CS) or the use of instruments was significantly higher in the study group. Babies suffering from @entity1592 and male sex were also at significantly higher risk. The average hospital stay of the cases was 12 days. Twelve cases of severe @entity14783 died before discharge from the hospital giving an overall mortality rate of 17.1%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity14783 and @entity600 reported in different studies varies widely. The incidence in our hospital is much lower than reported in many studies from developing countries. The important associated risk factors includes being a primigravida mother, lack of antenatal care, pregnancy induced @entity101 , prolonged 2nd stage of labor, delivery by use of instruments or emergency CS and @entity1592 . Improvement in antenatal care and intra-partum monitoring can decrease the incidence of @entity14783 . The threshold for intervention in cases with fetal distress needs to be lower.

title: @entity519 ischemic XXXX . Incidence and risk factors in North Western Saudi Arabia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations', 'birth asphyxia']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of full-thickness excision using transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) in the treatment of @entity8799 . METHODS: We analyzed the data of all @entity8799 @entity1 who underwent local full-thickness excision using TEM between December 2006 and December 2014 at our department. Data collected included @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, operative details, postoperative outcomes, pathologic findings, and follow-ups. RESULTS: Full-thickness excision using TEM was performed as a primary excision (n = 38) or as complete surgery after incomplete resection by endoscopic polypectomy (n = 21). The mean size of a @entity5 was 0.96    0.21 cm, and the mean distance of the @entity5 from the anal verge was 8.4    1.4 cm. The mean duration of the operation was 57.6    13.7 min, and the mean @entity190 was 13.5    6.6 mL. No minor morbidities, transient @entity1241 , or wound dehiscence was found. Histopathologically, all @entity5 showed typical histology without @entity21558 , and both deep and lateral surgical margins were completely free of @entity5 . Among 21 cases of complete surgery after endoscopic polypectomy, 9 were histologically shown to have a @entity41 in the specimens obtained by TEM. No additional radical surgery was performed. No recurrence was noted during the median of 3 years' follow-up. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness excision using TEM could be a first surgical option for complete removal of @entity5 .

title: Full-thickness excision using transanal endoscopic microsurgery for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors', 'rectal neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['upper small rectal neuroendocrine tumors', 'tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity21558 :: ('MESH:D018190', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic or vessel infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity8799 :: (MESH:D018358,Disease) :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors']