abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are inconsistent data on mortality in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). We performed a meta-analysis of all-cause, cause-specific and gender-specific crude mortality rates (CMRs), and standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) in @entity15 , and estimated the rate of change of @entity5047 over the past 50   years. METHODS: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. KEYWORDS: ' @entity15 ' and ('standardised mortality' or 'standardized mortality'). INCLUSION CRITERIA: availability of data on the number of @entity204 ; mean or median @entity1 follow-up or reports of SMRs; being a longitudinal study. 12 studies were included covering the period 1949-2012 (27   423 @entity1 ; 6628 @entity204 ; 437   832 @entity1 -years follow-up). CMR was calculated. SMRs were extracted. CMRs and natural logarithm of SMRs were pooled by the method of the inverse of the variance. Meta-regression models were used to investigate the secular trends. RESULTS: Pooled CMR was 9.78/1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 6.81 to 14.02). Pooled all-cause @entity5047 was 2.80 (95% CI 2.74 to 2.87). All-cause @entity5047 was 2.56 (95% CI 2.47 to 2.66) in males and 3.06 (95% CI 2.97 to 3.17) in females. @entity5047 due to @entity5 was 0.89 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.97). SMRs due to @entity65 , suicide, @entity281 and @entity1576 were 1.29 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.38), 2.13 (95% CI 1.80 to 2.51) and 2.91 (95% CI 2.60 to 3.26). There was no trend in CMRs, all-cause, and gender-specific SMRs. CONCLUSIONS: The excess mortality in @entity15 relative to the general population has not changed over the past 50   years. Female @entity1 with @entity15 have higher survival disadvantage compared to that of males. Death due to @entity65 , suicide and @entity281 is higher in @entity1 with @entity15 compared to the general population.

title: Mortality in XXXX : meta-analysis of standardised mortality ratios.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Functional results, complications, cosmesis, operating time, and hospital stay were analyzed after staged urethroplasty for @entity4094 . METHODS: Seventeen consecutive @entity1 , mean age 17.7 +/- 1.6 months underwent a staged urethroplasty in the past 5 years. Urethral plate was tubularized and @entity4094 converted to distal. Hooded dorsal prepuce was buttonholed and transposed ventrally to cover the neo-urethra. Subsequently, a parameatal based flip flap urethroplasty completed the urethral reconstruction at mean age of 26.7 +/- 4.1 months. RESULTS: Mean follow-up time was 2.8 +/- 1.7 years. Eighty-eight percent of @entity1 who are now toilet trained and standing to void have a good caliber straight single stream of urine in a forward direction. Urethrocutaneous @entity292 was seen in 1 @entity1 (6%), and a simple fistulectomy with double layered closure was successful at first attempt of @entity292 closure. Cosmetic appearance of a natural vertical slit glanular meatus situated at normal position on the glans was achieved in all @entity1 . Total mean operating time was 193.5 +/- 42.9 minutes and total mean duration of hospital stay was 3.4 +/- 0.6 days. CONCLUSION: Staged urethroplasty for @entity4094 results in a normal penis with good function, minimal complications, and excellent cosmesis.

title: Staged XXXX repair: Modified thiersch duplay with midline incision in urethral plate followed by Mathieu urethroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

answer: @entity4094 :: (MESH:D009468,Disease) :: ['proximal hypospadias']


abstract: @entity1822 of the head and neck is very rare, as only about 100 cases have been reported; of these, only 3 cases have been previously reported in the parapharyngeal space. We report the fourth such case, and we review the features of this entity. The @entity1 was an 84-year-old @entity1 who presented to the emergency department for treatment of an 18-month history of right-sided @entity10 , a 6-month history of right-sided @entity393 and @entity8968 , and a 2-month history of @entity1282 . Physical examination revealed a bulge in the right side of the soft palate and the right lateral nasopharyngeal wall and @entity5274 . Indirect laryngoscopy detected a bulge in the right lateral hypopharyngeal wall. Otoscopy revealed @entity2172 with effusion in the right ear. Imaging demonstrated a space-occupying lesion in the right parapharyngeal space that extended from the base of the skull to the level of the hypopharynx. Biopsy and histology identified the mass as a @entity1822 . @entity75 was discovered shortly thereafter, and the @entity1 died 10 months later. The unusual presentation of @entity135 requires a high index of suspicion and appropriate diagnostic imaging. Surgical excision is the recommended treatment when feasible; chemoradiotherapy does not appear to affect disease progression.

title: XXXX of the parapharyngeal space: a very rare entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis to the brain']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the right eustachian tube']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'Leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: The relationship between suicide attempts and different vulnerability factors was investigated in 61 male subjects during forensic @entity146 examination. Personality traits and psychopathy were determined by means of the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Clinical diagnoses were determined by the use of @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was investigated in 58 subjects. Suicide attempters had extremely low socialization and high @entity146 . This was independent of a history of repeatedly criminal violence or not. They had higher PCL-R scores and lower levels of platelet MAO activity than non-attempters. No relationship was found between suicide attempts and repeated violent criminality. However, among the subjects with repeated criminal violence there was a highly significant difference between suicide attempters and non-attempters, indicating different personality profiles in violent offenders with and without suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior was significantly associated with @entity4225 , but not with any other single DSM-III-R disorder. The results show a far more severe personality disturbance in suicide attempters than in other violent @entity1 in this type of population. Suicidal behavior should therefore be evaluated and treated per se.

title: Relationships between attempted suicide, temperamental vulnerability, and violent criminality in a Swedish forensic XXXX population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R', 'SCID']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'impulsive aggression']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity9338 ( @entity9338 ) is a common inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Reports of a common transactivation of quiescent @entity1 endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) support the connection of viruses to the disease. HERVs are ancient retroviral sequences in the @entity1 genome and their transcription is often deregulated in @entity5 and @entity792 . We explored the transcriptional activity of HERV sequences as well as the antiviral restriction factor and interferon-inducible genes in the skin from @entity9338 @entity1 and healthy control (HC) donors. The study included 13 skin biopsies from @entity1 with @entity9338 and 12 controls. Real-time PCR assay identified significant decrease in the HERV-K gag and @entity18341 mRNA expression levels in @entity9338 subjects, when compared to control group. The expressions of HERV-K18 and @entity18341 were also inhibited in the skin of @entity9338 @entity1 . We observed a strong correlation between HERV-K gag with other HERV sequences, regardless the down-modulation of transcripts levels in @entity9338 group. In contrast, a significant up-regulation of the @entity3183 deaminase @entity3184 ( @entity755 mRNA-editing), and the GTPase MxA (Myxovirus resistance A) mRNA expression level was identified in the @entity9338 skin specimens. Other transcript expressions, such as the master regulator of type I interferon-dependent immune responses, STING (stimulator of interferon genes) and @entity26242 ( @entity26242 ), @entity2391 and the inflammassome @entity5704 , had increased levels in @entity9338 , when compared to HC group. Our study suggests that interferon-inducible factors, in addition to their role in innate immunity against exogenous pathogens, contribute to the immune control of HERVs. Evaluation of the balance between HERV and interferon-inducible factor expression could possibly contribute to surveillance of inflammatory/malignant status of @entity272 .

title: XXXX endogenous retrovirus expression is inversely related with the up-regulation of interferon-inducible genes in the skin of @entity1 with lichen planus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26242 :: ('3665', 'Gene') :: ['IRF-7', 'interferon regulatory factor 7']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['LP', 'Lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity3183 :: ('MESH:D003562', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the context of increasing microbial resistance and limited new antimicrobials, we aimed to study the antimicrobial effects of cranberry @entity22271 extracts on @entity526 growth, adhesion to epithelial cells, and @entity358 . DESIGN: Experimental in vitro and in vivo investigation. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Seventy-eight 6- to 8-week-old male Balb/C @entity19 . INTERVENTIONS: In vitro, the effect of increasing concentrations of cranberry @entity22271 on bacterial growth of different clinical @entity526 isolates was evaluated. Ex vivo, adhesion of @entity526 to fresh @entity1 buccal epithelial cells was measured in the presence or absence of cranberry @entity22271 using microscopy. In vivo, lung bacterial count, pulmonary immune response (neutrophil @entity19 chemokine keratinocyte-derived cytokine measurement and polymorphonuclear recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), and lethality were evaluated in a @entity55 @entity19 model with @entity526 precultured with or without cranberry @entity22271 . @entity526 isolates originated from ventilated ICU @entity1 with respiratory tract colonization or ventilator- associated @entity55 . They differed in number of virulence genes. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A significant inhibition of bacterial growth was observed with increasing concentration of cranberry @entity22271 , affecting both time to maximal growth and maximal growth rate (p < 0.0001 for both). The minimal concentration at which this effect occurred was 250  g/mL. Cranberry @entity22271 significantly reduced @entity526 adhesion to fresh buccal epithelial cells by up to 80% (p < 0.001). Bacterial counts in homogenized lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were decreased after cranberry @entity22271 exposition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Cranberry @entity22271 also decreased KC concentrations and polymorphonuclear cell recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p < 0.05 for both). At identical inoculum, mortality was reduced by more than half in @entity19 inoculated with @entity526 exposed to cranberry @entity22271 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Cranberry proanthocyanidins exhibit potent effects on growth, adhesion, and virulence of oropharyngeal and lung isolates of @entity526 , suggesting that cranberry @entity22271 could be of clinical interest to reduce oropharyngeal colonization and prevent @entity358 .

title: Effects of Proanthocyanidins on Adhesion, Growth, and Virulence of Highly Virulent Extraintestinal Pathogenic XXXX Argue for Its Use to Treat Oropharyngeal Colonization and Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity22271 :: ('MESH:C013221', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity6127 typically become evident in early childhood with clinical manifestations such as cyanosis and feeding problems. Although uncommon and therefore not often considered, this @entity245 can cause @entity1282 in the adult. The double aortic arch is the most common @entity455 in @entity1 . Less well-known @entity455 in the adult are a right aortic arch with constricting left ligamentum arteriosum and an @entity5216 . @entity1282 is common secondary to the constriction of the esophagus. Two @entity1 recently presented to the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital with prolonged history of @entity1282 . Studies included barium swallow and aortogram, which showed right aortic arch in both @entity1 with constricting left ligamentum arteriosum. The treatment for these symptomatic anomalies was division and excision of the ligamentum arteriosum and freeing of the esophagus. A right aortic arch on the chest roentgenogram in a @entity1 with @entity1282 should suggest a @entity455 as the etiology. If this is suspected, diagnosis is easily made and surgical treatment is effective. The relevant embryology will be discussed.

title: @entity1282 associated with an XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular rings', 'vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defect']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity6127 :: ('MESH:D007569', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic arch anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity6127 :: (MESH:D007569,Disease) :: ['aortic arch anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity33816 ( @entity33816 ) is a member of the @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) super family. It binds to its specific receptors and is involved in multiple processes during tumorigenesis and @entity5 cells proliferation. High levels of @entity33816 expression are closely correlated to the growth, @entity3 , and @entity1487 drug resistance of @entity14 . The aim of this study was to identify a specific @entity33816 binding peptide (BP) able to block @entity33816 activity that could be used as a potential treatment for @entity14 . METHODS: A phage display library was used to identify peptides that bound selectively to soluble recombinant @entity1 @entity33816 (sAPRIL). The peptides with the highest binding affinity for sAPRIL were identified using ELISA. The effects of sAPRIL-BP on cell proliferation and cell cycle/apoptosis in vitro were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. An in vivo @entity19 model of @entity14 was used to determine the anti- @entity5 efficacy of the sAPRIL-BP. RESULTS: Three candidate peptides were characterized from eight phage clones with high binding affinity for sAPRIL. The peptide with the highest affinity was selected for further characterization. The identified sAPRIL-BP suppressed @entity5 cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in LOVO cells in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo in a @entity19 colorectal challenge model, the sAPRIL-BP reduced the growth of @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis intratumorally. Moreover, in an in vivo @entity3 model, sAPRIL-BP reduced liver @entity3 of @entity14 cells. CONCLUSIONS: sAPRIL-BP significantly suppressed @entity5 growth in vitro and in vivo and might be a candidate for treating @entity14 that express high levels of @entity33816 .

title: Identification of the sAPRIL Binding Peptide and Its Growth Inhibition Effects in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity33816 :: ('69583(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['APRIL', 'A proliferation-inducing ligand']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer Cells']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a @entity1 -based instrument to measure both facial @entity717 , the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) Scale. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective instrument validation. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 with a documented history of @entity3541 completed a preliminary, 51-item instrument (alpha FaCE Scale), as well as the previously developed @entity717 Index (FDI) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 Item Questionnaire (SF-36). Two weeks after completing these instruments, 76 @entity1 again completed the alpha FaCE Scale. Forty-one of the @entity1 were also evaluated using the @entity262 ( @entity262 ) and the @entity262 ( @entity262 ). RESULTS: Exploratory principal component factor analysis grouped 15 FaCE Scale items into 6 @entity717 categories (domains), forming the beta FaCE Scale. Overall, the test-retest reliability of the FaCE Scale was high (Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) = 0.88, P <.01), as were the reliability coefficients of the individual domains (r = 0.81-0.92, P <.01). The FaCE Scale domains showed appropriate correlation to global visual analogue scale questions posed on the original alpha FaCE Scale (r = 0.65-0.81, P <.01). Overall, the FaCE Scale showed significant correlation with @entity262 and @entity262 scores (r = -0.55 and 0.57, respectively; P <.01). However, not all FaCE Scale domains correlated with the @entity262 and @entity262 scores. CONCLUSIONS: A reliable and valid @entity1 -based system to measure @entity717 in @entity3541 has been developed. This system appears to be better than traditional, physician-graded scales for evaluating quality-of-life issues affected by @entity717 .

title: Validation of a XXXX -graded instrument for @entity3541 : the FaCE scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Facial Disability', 'facial disability', 'impairment and disability']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Facial Grading System', 'HBGS', 'House-Brackmann Grading System', 'FGS']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The monogenean @entity61186 is an economically important parasite on @entity12178 whereas the morphologically very similar @entity61187 Zitnan, 1960 on @entity17504 is considered harmless. Even molecular markers cannot unambiguously discriminate both species. The nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences are identical in both species, and although mitochondrial @entity7319 ( @entity7319 ) sequences show substantial variation, no support for monophyly of either species is found. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the intergenic spacer (IGS) have, however, been interpreted as support for 2 species. Here, IGS and @entity7319 sequences from 81 @entity61186 and @entity61187 specimens of 39 populations across the species' distribution range were determined. Mitochondrial diversity was not reflected in the nuclear marker. Since various 23 bp IGS repeat types usually differ by just one @entity377 and sequences primarily differ in the number and order of repeat types, alignments may be biased and arbitrary, impeding meaningful phylogenetic analyses. The hypothesis that parasites on @entity5660 represent hybrids of both species is rejected. The presence or absence of particular repeat types is not considered informative. We interpret the IGS data as support for @entity61186 and @entity61187 being a single species.

title: The incongruence of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA variation supports conspecificity of the monogenean parasites @entity61186 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity61186 :: ('37629', 'Species') :: ['Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957', 'G. salaris']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['COI', 'cytochrome oxidase I']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity61187 :: (212345,Species) :: ['G. thymalli']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report cases of @entity32 after intracameral injection of a very high dose of @entity2261 at the end of uneventful @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France. DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: @entity1 were followed on an outpatient basis and were examined postoperatively at 1 and 5 days and 6 weeks. Central macular thickness, angiography, @entity2840 ( @entity2840 ), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), and electroretinography (ERG) were analyzed to evaluate @entity2194 . RESULTS: One day postoperatively, the mean corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.95 logMAR    0.40 (SD). All the cases had moderate anterior @entity32 . Retinal optical coherence tomography scans systematically showed extensive @entity1103 (mean 843.2    212.7  m) associated with a @entity1713 . @entity941 angiograms showed @entity2680 without abnormal retinal perfusion. At 5 days, the mean CDVA improved significantly to 0.52    0.29 logMAR (P < .005), as did the @entity1103 and @entity1713 (mean 339.4    138.3  m) (P = .005). At 6 weeks, the mean CDVA reached 0.09    0.06 logMAR. Modifications in @entity2840 and @entity1358 were similar to those observed after uneventful phacoemulsification. The macular thickness (mean 288.4    22.6  m) and profile returned to normal in all @entity1 , although ERG recordings showed reduced rod photoreceptor cell function (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral injection of high doses of @entity2261 induced anterior and posterior @entity32 . Without surgical intervention, the final visual outcome was satisfactory in all cases. Long-term retinal function, however, must be assessed through repeated ERG recordings.

title: XXXX after intracameral injection of very high doses of @entity2261 during @entity231 surgery.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2840 :: ('MESH:C563262', 'Disease') :: ['central corneal thickness', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse leakage']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment', 'large serous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial cell density', 'ECD']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['Ocular toxicity']


abstract: The authors report a phase II pilot investigation in the Southwest Oncology Group examining a combination of @entity1487 , @entity632 , and @entity786 (FAC) incorporating modulated @entity1487 in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 with @entity0 were treated with this "neo-FAC" as front-line therapy. The regimen consisted of @entity1487 by continuous ambulatory infusion pump at 200 mg/m2/day for 42 days, repeated at 56-day intervals; @entity632 at 20 mg/m2/week intravenously to a maximum cumulative total dose (including adjuvant therapy, if any) of 500 mg/m2; @entity786 60 mg/m2/day taken orally; @entity1499 15 mg/m2/week intravenously beginning 1 week after termination of @entity632 ; and oral @entity229 decreasing from 60 mg/day on a tapering schedule for a total of 7 weeks of treatment. Treatment was continued until progression, unacceptable @entity137 , or @entity1 refusal. Twenty-four @entity1 were accrued to this study. Of these, two were ineligible, and the remaining 22 were evaluable for response. Ten @entity1 experienced grade 3 @entity137 , and six had grade 4. There were no treatment-associated @entity204 . Best responses were a complete response in one @entity1 (5%) and partial responses in 6, for an overall response rate of 32% (7/22 evaluable @entity1 ). Overall survival in five pilot studies in the Southwest Oncology Group in this poor-prognosis population are relatively superimposable. The present regimen, with its relatively poor outcome and the expense and inconvenience of administering chemotherapy by ambulatory infusion pump, will not be pursued further.

title: 'Neo-FAC' ( XXXX , @entity632 , and @entity786 ) for @entity0 : a Southwest Oncology Group Phase II Study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['poor-prognosis stage IV breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: During recent years different procedures have been used to assist in diagnosis of questionable cases of @entity698 . Among these methods, there are few scoring systems that have been shown to be effective. The aim of this study was to create a scoring system and to test its accuracy in the preoperative diagnosis of @entity697 . Clinical data from 360 @entity1 who had undergone appendicectomy were collected to identify attributes that distinguished @entity1 having a negative laparotomy from those with @entity698 . Seven independent criteria were identified. Using Bayesian methodology a weight was given to each criterion and an overall score calculated. A cut-off point was identified to separate @entity1 for surgery and those for observation. The scoring system was applied prospectively to 166 consecutive @entity1 ; 134 had @entity698 and 32 a normal appendix (19.3 per cent error diagnosis). For the 166 @entity1 the method suggested surgery in 113, 107 (94.7 per cent) of whom were found to have @entity698 . The system suggested observation in hospital in 38 cases. For the whole group the scoring system showed a sensitivity of 80 per cent and specificity of 81 per cent. Scoring systems from a local database could become the ideal complementary method in the diagnosis of suspected @entity697 .

title: Practical score to aid decision making in doubtful cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: Electrical stimulation of afferent renal nerves increases plasma vasopressin ( @entity1831 ) concentration, but the role of these nerves in the control of @entity1831 release is not known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of activation of renal mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors on plasma @entity1831 concentration in anesthetized @entity95 . Intrapelvic pressure was increased to activate renal mechanoreceptors, and the renal pelvis was perfused with 1.0 M @entity1219 , 0.1 M @entity4338 , and 1.0 M @entity2656 solutions to activate R2 chemoreceptors. With increased pelvic pressure, plasma @entity1831 concentration increased from 12.4 +/- 3.8 to 36.2 +/- 16.1 pg/ml at 5 min and to 37.4 +/- 16.1 pg/ml at 10 min (P less than 0.01). Plasma renin activity increased from 15.7 +/- 4.0 to 22.1 +/- 3.3 ng.ml-1.2 h-1 (P less than 0.05), but blood pressure and heart rate did not change significantly. Similar increases in plasma @entity1831 concentration occurred during perfusion of the renal pelvis with 1.0 M @entity1219 (17.6 +/- 8.1 to 53.7 +/- 24.0 pg/ml), 0.1 M @entity4338 (9.2 +/- 2.1 to 39.7 +/- 17.3 pg/ml), and 1.0 M @entity2656 (27.5 +/- 10.9 to 77.5 +/- 30.8 pg/ml) solutions. However, because pelvic pressure increased by 40-50 mmHg during the perfusions, the experiments were repeated with use of a different perfusion method in which pelvic pressure increased by less than 5 mmHg. Under these conditions, plasma @entity1831 concentration did not change significantly during perfusion with any of the solutions. To determine whether the mechanoreceptor-induced increase in @entity1831 release is mediated by the renal nerves, pelvic pressure was increased in another group of @entity95 after renal denervation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Activation of renal mechanoreceptors increases vasopressin release in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the amount of @entity1568 that accumulates within the closed breathing system would be greater during open abdominal surgery than during superficial surgery with small wounds. DESIGN: Prospective, comparative study. SETTING: Operating rooms of a university hospital. @entity1 : Fourteen American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II adult @entity1 scheduled for abdominal surgery (n = 7) or tympanoplasty (n = 7). INTERVENTIONS: After induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, the @entity1 were denitrogenated for 30 minutes using 100% @entity26 at a fresh gas flow of 10 L/min. The breathing system was then closed and @entity1 were anesthetized using 60% xenon in @entity26 , supplemented with epidural anesthesia in the abdominal surgery group and @entity2614 in the tympanoplasty group. MEASUREMENTS: @entity1568 concentration in the breathing system was determined by gas chromatography immediately before and 2 hours after the breathing system was closed. MAIN RESULTS: The median (range) increase in @entity1568 concentration during the 2-hour period of closed circuit anesthesia was greater in the abdominal surgery @entity1 than in the tympanoplasty @entity1 (6.5% [4.0%-10.2%] vs 2.5% [1.4%-8.4%], P = 0.035, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of @entity1568 accumulation during closed circuit anesthesia is greater during open abdominal surgery than in superficial surgery such as tympanoplasty. We postulate that during open abdominal surgery, @entity1568 in the ambient air enters the body across the peritoneum and then diffuses into the alveoli to be exhaled.

title: XXXX accumulation during closed circuit anesthesia depends on the type of surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrogen', 'nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['Nitrogen']


abstract: Recombinant mesophilic @entity526 (Ec) and thermophilic @entity8220 (Bst) elongation factors EF-Tus, their isolated G-domains, and six chimeric EF-Tus composed of domains of either EF-Tu were prepared, and their @entity3006 / @entity3007 binding activities and thermostability were characterized. BstEF-Tu and BstG-domain bound @entity3006 and @entity3007 with affinities in nanomolar and submicromolar ranges, respectively, fully comparable with those of EcEF-Tu. In contrast, the EcG-domain bound the @entity2036 with much lower, micromolar affinities. The exchange of domains 2 and 3 had essentially no effect on the @entity3006 -binding activity; all complexes of chimeric EF-Tus with @entity3006 retained K(d) values in the nanomolar range. The final thermostability level of either EF-Tu was the result of a cooperative interaction between the G-domains and domains 2 + 3. The G-domains set up a "basic" level of the thermostability, which was approximately 20 degrees C higher with the BstG-domain than with the EcG-domain. This correlated with the growth temperature optimum difference of both bacteria and two distinct thermostabilization features of the BstG-domain: an increase of charged residues at the expense of polar uncharged residues (CvP bias), and a decrease in the nonpolar solvent-accessible surface area. Domains 2 + 3 contributed by further stabilization of alpha-helical regions and, in turn, the functions of the G-domains to the level of the respective growth temperature optima. Their contributions were similar irrespective of their origin but, with Ecdomains 2 + 3, dependent on the @entity6370 binding state. It was lower in the @entity3007 conformation, and the mechanism involved the destabilization of the alpha-helical regions of the G-domain by Ecdomain 2.

title: Thermostability of multidomain proteins: elongation factors EF-Tu from @entity526 and XXXX and their chimeric forms.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity8220 :: (1422,Species) :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']


abstract: A Pharmacy-only Refill Programme (PRP) a type of task shifting in which stable @entity645 -positive @entity1 are managed through pharmacy-only visits instead of physician visits. We performed a study to identify factors for being removed from the PRP in order to establish better referral criteria. The study was performed at the @entity166 Clinic (IDC) in Kampala, Uganda. We selected a random sample of 588 @entity1 from 2431 patients on antiretroviral therapy referred to the PRP at least 12 months before commencement of the PRP evaluation. We compared the characteristics of @entity1 who during 12 months of follow-up were removed from the PRP with those who continued to be followed up. Data were abstracted from the IDC data base, the pharmacy register and the @entity1 clinical notes. Of 588 @entity1 , 106 (18%) were removed from the PRP. In multivariate analysis, less than 100% self-reported adherence to antiretroviral therapy, missing at least one scheduled appointment in the six months before referral to the PRP and being on a @entity5195 / @entity486 -containing regimen were independently associated with being removed from the PRP. Criteria for referring @entity1 to a PRP should focus on antiretroviral therapy adherence and appointment keeping. @entity1 on a @entity5195 / @entity486 -containing regimen should not be targeted for a PRP. On the other hand a PRP is an efficient strategy that targets stable adherent @entity1 in clinics with high @entity1 load.

title: Factors before enrolment are associated with being removed from a Pharmacy-only Refill Programme at a large urban XXXX /AIDS clinic, Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Disease']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Previous studies have shown the capacity of low-pressure (LP) reperfusion to protect the @entity63 heart. The present study sought to determine the optimal time for the application of LP reperfusion. Isolated @entity35 hearts (n = 30) were exposed to 40 minutes of global warm @entity63 followed by 70 minutes of reperfusion. Reperfusion was performed under LP (LP = 70 cm @entity2507 ) for 0 (control group), 5 (group LP-5), 10 (group LP-10), 30 (group LP-30), or 60 (group LP-60) minutes. Following the LP period the hearts were reperfused with normal pressure (100 cm @entity2507 ) until the end of reperfusion. Cardiac function was assessed during reperfusion using the Langendorff model. @entity296 was assessed by measuring LDH leakage in the coronary effluents. Functional recovery was reduced among the control and LP-5 groups with rate-pressure products (RPP) averaging 3788 +/- 499 and 5333 +/- 892 mm Hg/min, respectively. RPP was significantly improved in other groups with RPP averaging 7363 +/- 1159, 7441 +/- 863, and 7269 +/- 692 mm Hg/min in LP-10, LP-30, and LP-60 (P < .01). Similarly, @entity39 measured by LDH leakage was significantly reduced in LP-10, LP-30, and LP-60 hearts (P < .01). This study demonstrated that LP reperfusion improves postischemic contractile dysfunction and @entity39 when applied for at least 10 minutes.

title: Optimal time duration for low-pressure controlled reperfusion to efficiently protect @entity63 XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['attenuates necrosis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion is a popular procedure used to achieve spondylodesis in @entity1 with @entity179 . We present a rare case of a @entity1 with a set screw @entity174 with cage dislocation after an open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first of its kind to be reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old Caucasian @entity1 attended a follow-up appointment at our hospital 3 months after treatment for second-degree lumbar spondylolisthesis (L4/L5) and @entity6995 (L5/S1) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and dorsal spondylodesis. She complained of severe leg @entity158 on the left side. Her physical examination revealed a normal neurological status, except for paresthesia of the entire left lower limb and at the ball of the left foot. Radiological imaging showed breaking of the set screws with cage dislocation. Surgical revision was then performed with exchange of the whole dorsal instrumentation and the dislocated cage. Six weeks post-operatively, the @entity1 was seen again at our clinic without neurological complaints, except for decreased sensitivity on the dorsum of her left foot. The wound healing and radiological follow-up were uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Hardware-related complications are rarely seen in @entity1 with open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, but must be kept in mind and can potentially cause severe @entity51 .

title: Set screw XXXX with cage dislocation after two-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar spinal diseases']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDG) and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) were measured in 164 and 128 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), respectively. High levels of LDG were recordable in 15.4% of @entity1 at diagnosis and 36.8% of terminal stage @entity1 . The frequency of extraosseous foci in untreated @entity1 with high LDG activity made up 36.8%, survival median 19 months. In normal LDG activity the above values were 6.8% and more than 36 months, respectively. The highest LDG level occurred in @entity1 with @entity8624 . @entity1582 with IgD secretion was characterized by a a more frequent rise in LDG concentrations. Normal LDG amounts in active @entity1582 were seen in 58 (54.2%) out of 107 @entity1 . @entity2263 -MG levels exceeded 6 mg/l in 75 of 128 @entity1 with normal @entity1011 . These @entity1 had a short survival median 24 months. Those @entity1 who had @entity2263 -MG levels under 6 mg/l have not reached survival median for 36 months of follow-up. The authors hold that @entity2262 concentrations are of prognostic value in all @entity1582 secretions and in @entity1582 as well though their indications are not absolute as 14% had low @entity2262 levels in high @entity1582 activity. Comparative results are presented for 40 high-risk @entity1582 @entity1 . Group 1 (20 @entity1 ) have received standard chemotherapy. Group 2 (20 @entity1 ) have undergone intensive polychemotherapy. Survival median made up 12 and 26 months for group 1 and 2, respectively.

title: [The significance of @entity880 dehydrogenase and @entity2262 levels for the assessment of the prognosis and choice of therapy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-MG', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'nonsecretory myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['terminal plasmic cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Management of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity6 should address both @entity65 . The use of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for control of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity2316 is widely advocated by various international guidelines. Use of any agent that provides tight control of blood pressure is indicated in @entity1 with @entity6 but without @entity8 . METHODS: In this article, the authors present a clinical case scenario and review current clinical evidence supporting the use of @entity1289 inhibitors and ARBs in @entity1 with @entity2316 . In addition, the use of @entity1289 and ARBs in @entity1 with @entity6 but without @entity8 will be discussed. RESULTS: Available trial evidence confirms the survival benefits of @entity1 taking @entity1289 inhibitors with @entity2316 . However, the efficacy of ARB inhibitors on survival is unknown. In @entity1 with @entity6 without @entity8 , only @entity1289 inhibitors have been found to reduce the risk of onset of microalbuminuria, while all agents affect survival provided a tight control of blood pressure is monitored. CONCLUSIONS: Dose of @entity1289 inhibitors should be titrated appropriately to obtain proven benefits. In summary, current evidence supports the use of @entity1289 inhibitors in @entity1 with and without @entity8 because of @entity65 .

title: Antihypertensive agents in @entity1 with XXXX : trade-off between @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular protection', 'renal and cardiovascular benefits']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plantar @entity1066 , which commonly occur in @entity1201 @entity1 , tend to recur increasing @entity717 . The aim of this study is to identify both the bacteriological profile of these @entity1066 and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 68 @entity1201 @entity1 with chronic @entity1066 attending the in- @entity1 department of Gambo General Hospital, West @entity31485 , were included in this study. Proper sample collection, inoculation on culture media, and final identification using biochemical methods were undertaken. RESULTS: 66 @entity1 (97.1%) had a positive culture. A total of 81 microorganisms were isolated. Multiple organisms (two or more) were isolated in 15 (22.7% out of positive culture) @entity1 . The main isolation was Proteus spp (30.9%), followed by @entity526 (21.0%), @entity794 (18.5%) and @entity796 (9.9%). In the total number of the isolated bacteria, the antibiotics with less resistance were @entity801 (18.5%), @entity8912 (22.2%) cefoxitin (24.7%), @entity2756 (25.9%) @entity2177 (25.9%), and @entity10188 (28.49%). CONCLUSION: The bacteriological study of @entity1411 of @entity1201 @entity1 revealed Enterobacteriaceae and @entity794 as the main pathogens involved in such infections. The results of this study may guide empirical therapy in a rural area hospital where culture and susceptibility testing facilities are scarce.

title: XXXX in a rural hospital of Ethiopia: pattern of aerobic bacterial isolates and drug sensitivities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin-clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar ulcers']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['Leprosy ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of target genes is increased in the urinary sediment of @entity1 with active lupus. We study the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the urinary gene expression profile in @entity1 with active @entity1988 . Method. We recruited nine @entity1 with active @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity8 , and required corticosteroid, with or without cytotoxic treatment. They were followed for 6 months, urine samples were collected at 0, 4, 12 and 24 weeks and gene expression profile was determined by polymerase chain reactions. The pattern of gene expression was compared to clinical parameters of therapeutic response. RESULTS: Amongst the target genes studied, there was a progressive decline in the urinary expression of @entity10071 , @entity688 , @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), and @entity379 ( @entity379 ) after immunosuppressive treatment, although the change of @entity379 was not statistically significant. The time course of their urinary expression was parallel to the systemic activity as reflected by the @entity1252 activity index (SLEDAI). Throughout the study period, the SLEDAI score correlated significantly with the expressions of @entity379 (r = 0.43, P = 0.009), @entity10071 (r = 0.40, P = 0.016), @entity2533 (r = 0.51, P = 0.002) and @entity2842 (r = 0.38, P = 0.022). The anti-double strand(anti-ds)DNA antibody titer correlated significantly with the expressions of @entity379 (r = 0.45, P = 0.009), @entity10071 (r = 0.37, P = 0.034), @entity688 (r = 0.59, P<0.001), @entity2533 (r = 0.44, P = 0.010) and @entity2842 (r = 0.49, P = 0.004). On the other hand, the expression level of @entity1199 , @entity3646 , IL-12, @entity8923 and @entity9388 remained static throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The mRNA expression of @entity10071 , @entity688 , @entity2533 , @entity2842 , and probably @entity379 in the urinary sediment of @entity1 with active @entity1988 improves with successful immunosuppressive therapy, and the change in gene expression profile is in phase with the clinical disease activity. Measurement of urinary mRNA expression of target genes may be a potential non-invasive tool for the monitoring of @entity1252 activity.

title: The effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the messenger RNA expression of target genes in the urinary sediment of XXXX with active @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus disease', 'systemic lupus erythematosus disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta', 'transforming growth factor-beta']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our technique of endoscopic transantral repair of @entity8924 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. METHODS: All @entity8924 treated with the outlined technique from 1998 to 2007 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. Demographic data, surgical outcomes, and complications were gathered from available @entity1 charts. RESULTS: A total of 63 @entity1 were treated with the described technique (44 male, 19 female). Thirty-nine @entity1 underwent autograft placement from the anterior maxillary sinus wall harvest/exposure. Fourteen @entity1 underwent placement of various alloplasts, and the remaining 10 @entity1 underwent reduction of the contents and floor repositioning. Two @entity1 underwent repeat repair due to inadequacy of initial repair. Both of these complications occurred in the subgroup of @entity1 who underwent simple repositioning. There were no cases of @entity1939 , permanent new @entity892 , ectropion, entropion, or new infraorbital anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The described technique of endoscopic repair of @entity8924 represents a precise method of @entity174 repair that results in excellent outcomes with minimal morbidity in the majority of @entity1 . It allows for immediate @entity174 repair without the need to wait for periorbital @entity4 to settle. It also allows for clear visualization of the entire @entity174 for precise graft placement.

title: Endoscopic transantral repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fractures']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity8924 :: (MESH:D009917,Disease) :: ['orbital floor fractures']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1118 after @entity7125 and @entity239 @entity1 display exaggerated @entity158 after sensory stimulation. Because evident tissue damage is usually lacking, this exaggerated @entity158 perception could be explained by @entity149 . The nociceptive withdrawal reflex (a spinal reflex) may be used to study the excitability state of spinal cord neurons. We tested the hypothesis that @entity1 with chronic @entity158 and @entity239 display facilitated @entity602 . Three groups were studied: @entity7125 (n=27), @entity239 (n=22) and healthy controls (n=29). Two types of transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the sural nerve were applied: single stimulus and five repeated stimuli at 2 Hz. Electromyography was recorded from the biceps femoris muscle. The main outcome measurement was the minimum current intensity eliciting a spinal reflex (reflex threshold). Reflex thresholds were significantly lower in the @entity7125 compared with the control group, after both single (P=0.024) and repeated (P=0.035) stimulation. The same was observed for the @entity239 group, after both stimulation modalities (P=0.001 and 0.046, respectively). We provide evidence for spinal cord hyperexcitability in @entity1 with @entity1118 after @entity7125 and in @entity239 @entity1 . This can cause exaggerated @entity158 following low intensity nociceptive or innocuous peripheral stimulation. Spinal @entity56 may explain, at least in part, @entity158 in the absence of detectable tissue damage.

title: Evidence for XXXX in @entity1118 after @entity7125 and in @entity239 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['withdrawal reflex and therefore spinal cord hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['hyperexcitability of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash', 'whiplash injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['spinal cord hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Keloids are characterised by their continued growth following @entity130 , extension into normal tissue and their high recurrence rate following excision. Auricular keloids are common following ear @entity4808 . These lesions are highly conspicuous and cosmetically unappealing. Multiple methods including surgery, radiotherapy, antimitotic agents, @entity1346 sheet, pressure clips and cryotherapy have been advocated. The risk of recurrence and the need to prevent distortion of the three-dimensional structure of the ear following resection is a challenge to the cutaneous surgeon. OBJECTIVES: To devise a standard protocol for management of @entity12347 with minimal distortion and recurrence. SETTING AND DESIGN: The @entity1 underwent day-care surgery and subsequent out- @entity1 follow-up for a minimum period of 1 year. METHODS: Ten @entity1 presenting with 22 ear keloids were enrolled into a keloid protocol: (a) surgical excision and @entity12347 with (b) intra-operative and post-operative intra-lesional @entity134 and (c) silicone sheet application. Subjective assessment on follow-up was using @entity1 Observer Scar Assessment Scale and objective assessment was by Beausang scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis curve used to calculate Recurrence Free period. RESULTS: Two out of 22 (9.1%) keloids developed post-excision recurrence after a mean follow -up period of 16 months. The average keloid recurrence free interval was 21 months. CONCLUSION: Triple combination therapy for keloids on the ear is a simple technique for management with preservation of contour of the ear and a low recurrence rate.

title: Efficacy of triple therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12347 :: ('MESH:D007627', 'Disease') :: ['auricular keloids', 'keloid rind flap cover']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['piercing or flame burns']

answer: @entity12347 :: (MESH:D007627,Disease) :: ['auricular keloids']


abstract: The conserved positions of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic initiator tRNA have been suggested to be important for the initiation of protein synthesis. However, the role of these positions is not known. We describe in this report a functional analysis of the @entity375 initiator @entity1853 tRNA (tRNA(iMet)), using a novel in vivo assay system which is not dependent on suppressor tRNAs. Strains of @entity375 with null alleles of the four initiator @entity1853 tRNA (IMT) genes were constructed. Consequently, growth of these strains was dependent on tRNA(iMet) encoded from a plasmid-derived gene. We used these strains to investigate the significance of the conserved nucleosides of @entity375 tRNA(iMet) in vivo. @entity377 substitutions corresponding to the @entity2642 of the @entity375 elongator @entity1853 tRNA (tRNA(MMet)) have been made at all conserved positions to identify the positions that are important for tRNA(iMet) to function in the initiation process. Surprisingly, @entity2353 changes in base pairs 3-70, 12-23, 31-39, and 29-41, as well as expanding loop I by inserting an A at position 17 (A17) had no effect on the tester strain. @entity377 substitutions in positions 54 and 60 to @entity58403 and @entity39860 (C54, G54, C60, and G60) did not prevent cell growth. In contrast, the double mutation U/rT54C60 blocked cell growth, and changing the A-U base pair 1-72 to a G-C base pair was deleterious to the cell, although these tRNAs were synthesized and accepted @entity1853 in vitro. From our data, we suggest that an A-U base pair in position 1-72 is important for tRNA(iMet) function, that the hypothetical requirement for @entity41931 at positions 54 and 60 is invalid, and that a U/rT at position 54 is an antideterminant distinguishing an elongator from an initiator tRNA in the initiation of translation.

title: Mutational analysis of conserved positions potentially important for initiator tRNA function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity41931 :: ('CHEBI:22260', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosines']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity39860 :: ('CHEBI:24458', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosines']

entities_list: @entity58403 :: ('CHEBI:23524', 'Chemical') :: ['cytidines']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe computed tomography (CT) findings in @entity9905 ( @entity9905 ) and to illustrate the impact of these findings in the preoperative evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven @entity9905 (bilateral: 10) in 57 @entity1 were studied using high resolution CT. Sections 1.5 mm thick were removed from the coronal and the axial plans without sedation (mean age: 9, 6 years). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A narrow bony external auditory canal (EAC) was present in 24% of the cases. In one of these cases, the EAC contained a @entity3540 and was consequently a clear indication of surgery. An hyperpneumatized masto  d (22%), a posterior position of the temporo mandibular joint (16%), and a bulging medial temporal fossa (12%) made the operation much more difficult. The tympanic cavity was small in 68% of the cases, normal in 28% and absent in 4% of the cases without any detectable ossicular chain. @entity154 were present in 91% of the cases. This consisted most frequently of a fusion of the malleus and the incus (76%) with or without fusion to the tympanic wall (33%). Lateral and anterior displacement of the descending portion of the facial nerve was present in 62%. Oval and round windows were normal in 86% of the cases. A soft tissue opacity (33%) in the tympanic cavity made it difficult to evaluate the stapes, the incudo stapedial articulation, and the facial nerve. @entity854 of inner ear were exceptional (1 case). CONCLUSION: High resolution CT is the best method in @entity9905 evaluation and for guiding the planning of the surgical correction.

title: [Preoperative X-ray computed tomographic evaluation of major aplasia of the ear in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Ossicular chain anomalies']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Simultaneous abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9905 :: ('MESH:C564321', 'Disease') :: ['CAA', 'congenital aural atresia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Seventy-six (75.2%) of 101 @entity526 isolates, collected over a 2-month period in 2002 at the @entity1 's Hospital of Tunis (Tunisia), were resistant to at least one @entity3405 . They produced beta-lactamases which were further characterized by spectrophotometry, isoelectric focusing (IEF) and PCR. Seventy-five isolates had a pI 5.4 beta-lactamase and one isolate expressed a pI 5.6 beta-lactamase. These beta-lactamases were active against penicillins and @entity5821 . Nineteen of 76 isolates were resistant to @entity4967 - @entity798 combination. The bla(TEM) gene was detected in 71 isolates, all expressed a pI 5.4 beta-lactamase that was assumed to be @entity25054 or inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT). Thirty-eight of 76 isolates showed one weak band on IEF with pIs ranging from 8.2 to >9, suggesting low level expression of the chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase. Five of 76 isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), with a basic pI of 7.9 or 8.7, active on penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, but not on cefoxitin. bla(SHV) genes were detected in three isolates producing pI 7.9 ESBLs but not in two isolates expressing pI 8.7 ESBLs. These latter showed strong @entity3524 -hydrolyzing activities. Hence, they might be CTX-M-type ESBLs.

title: Patterns of resistance to beta-lactams and characterization of beta-lactamases in XXXX isolates from @entity1 in Tunisia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has been considered that concentrations of certain @entity1522 in the egg are not sufficient to fully support embryonic development of modern broilers. In this study we evaluated embryo growth and development with particular emphasis on one of the major components of connective tissue, collagen. Experiments were performed on Ross 308 @entity1573 embryos from 160 fertilised eggs. Experimental solutions of @entity575 nanoparticles (Ag), @entity720 solution (Hyp) and a complex of @entity575 nanoparticles with @entity720 (AgHyp) were injected into albumen, and embryos were incubated until day 20. An assessment of the mass of embryo and selected organs was carried out followed by measurements of the expression of the key signalling factors' @entity9950 ( @entity9950 ) and @entity35320 ( @entity35320 ). Finally, an evaluation of collagen microstructure using scanning electron microscopy was performed. Our results clearly indicate that Hyp, Ag and AgHyp administered in ovo to @entity1573 embryos did not harm embryos. Comparing to the control group, Hyp, Ag and the AgHyp complex significantly upregulated expression of the @entity9950 at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, Hyp, Ag and, in particular, the complex of AgHyp significantly increased blood vessel size, cartilage collagen fibre lattice size and bundle thickness. The general conclusion from this study is that AgHyp treatment may help to build a stronger and longer lasting form of collagen fibres.

title: Effect of @entity575 nanoparticles and @entity720 , administered in ovo, on the development of blood vessels and cartilage collagen structure in XXXX embryos.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity35320 :: ('395909(Tax:9031)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the cornerstone of immunosuppression after liver transplantation. However, CNI treatment is frequently associated with @entity177 ( @entity177 ). The reduction or interruption of CNI may reduce @entity177 . We prospectively studied 49 liver recipients treated with CNI ( @entity1140 , n = 14; @entity205 , n = 35) who secondarily developed CNI-associated @entity177 and for whom @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) was introduced to reduce or withdraw CNI. The @entity1011 clearance (CCl; 42.9 +/- 14 ml/minute) increased significantly after CNI reduction (48.8 +/- 17 ml/minute after 1 year, 49.9 +/- 18 ml/minute after 2 years, and 58.4 +/- 20 ml/minute after 3 years, P < 0.0001). CCl decreased during the 2 years before CNI reduction at a rate of -5.6 +/- 5 ml/minute/year; for the 2 years after CNI reduction, CCl increased significantly by +3.2 +/- 4.3 ml/minute/year (P < 0.0001). Ten @entity1 did not have improved renal function after 1 year, but the rate of decrease in CCl slowed after CNI reduction. Three parameters were identified as risk factors for unresponsiveness to CNI reduction: (1) low @entity31262 at @entity2098 introduction, (2) a high rate of CCl decrease during the 2 years before conversion, and (3) alcoholic @entity82 . The type of CNI molecule used did not impair the renal response. None of the @entity1 developed acute or chronic graft rejection after the reduction or interruption of CNI. In liver recipients with @entity177 , a @entity3347 concomitantly with the introduction of @entity2098 was safe and was associated with an improvement in renal function.

title: Long-term effects of calcineurin inhibitor conversion to XXXX on renal function after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['reduction or withdrawal of CNI']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2142 , elevated liver enzymes and low platelets ( @entity2102 ) syndrome is a severe form of @entity1468 . @entity1468 is a multi-system disease of pregnancy associated with an increase in blood pressure and increased perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Eighty per cent of @entity1 with @entity2102 present before term. There are suggestions from observational studies that @entity134 treatment in @entity2102 may improve disordered maternal hematological and biochemical features and perhaps perinatal mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVES: To summarise the evidence on the effects of @entity288 on maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in @entity1 with @entity2102 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register (October 2003). We scanned lists of references from review articles and primary studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials evaluating the effects of adjunctive @entity288 in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2102 were sought. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The two authors independently applied inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted relevant data. MAIN RESULTS: Of the five studies reviewed (n = 170), three were conducted antepartum and two postpartum. Four of the studies randomised @entity1 to standard therapy or @entity619 . One study compared @entity619 with @entity5935 . @entity619 VERSUS CONTROL: There were no significant differences in the primary outcomes of maternal mortality and morbidity due to @entity5869 , @entity4 and @entity409 or @entity397 . Of the secondary maternal outcomes, there was a tendency to a greater platelet count increase over 48 hours, statistically significantly less mean number of hospital stay days ( @entity353 ( @entity353 ) -4.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) -7.13 to -1.87), mean interval (hours) to delivery (41 +/- 15) versus (15 +/- 4.5) (p = 0.0068) in favour of @entity1 allocated to @entity619 . There were no significant differences in perinatal mortality or morbidity due to @entity649 , need for ventilatory support, @entity1779 , @entity3166 and a five minute Apgar less than seven. The mean birthweight was significantly greater in the group allocated to @entity619 ( @entity353 247.00, 95% CI 65.41 to 428.59). @entity619 VERSUS BETAMETHASONE: There were no significant differences in all the maternal and perinatal mortality and in primary morbidity outcomes. @entity1 randomised to @entity619 fared significantly better for: @entity1458 , mean arterial pressure, mean increase in platelet count, mean increase in urinary output and liver enzyme elevations. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to determine whether adjunctive @entity134 use in @entity2102 decreases maternal and perinatal mortality, major maternal and perinatal morbidity.

title: @entity288 for XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weighted mean difference', 'WMD']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome', 'HELLP']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary oedema']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hematoma']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['DEXAMETHASONE', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia', 'Pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['Hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2102 :: (MESH:D017359,Disease) :: ['HELLP syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals who exhibit large increases in blood pressure and heart rate during mental stress may be at risk for accelerated @entity731 . This report evaluates the association between stress-induced hemodynamic responses and @entity2998 in 254 healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: The magnitude of change in blood pressure and heart rate from rest to public speaking and mirror image tracing, two stressful tasks, was measured. Average @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and focal plaque in the common carotid artery, bulb, and internal carotid artery were measured with the use of duplex ultrasonography on average 2.3 years later. RESULTS: The average @entity121 was 0.77 mm, with a range of 0.60 to 1.37; 52.5% had at least one plaque. Correlational analysis showed that greater @entity121 was associated with greater pulse pressure change during mental stress (r = 0.17, P < 0.01). Statistical adjustments for possible confounders (age, hormone replacement therapy use, resting pulse pressure, smoking status, and @entity412 levels) did not alter the results. The plaque index was associated with greater pulse pressure change during the mirror image tracing task (odds ratio = 1.47, P = 0.01) for @entity1 with a plaque score of > or = 2 versus 1 or 0, adjusted for possible confounders. CONCLUSIONS: Mental stress-induced pulse pressure changes may influence the development of early @entity731 in the carotid artery of @entity1 . Widening of pulse pressure during stress, as well as at rest, may be a marker of compromised compliance in the vessel wall.

title: Stress-induced pulse pressure change predicts XXXX 's @entity2998 .

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed in 40 @entity1 with localized muscle-invasive @entity150 treated in a prospective bladder-preserving program consisting of transurethral @entity5 resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity1499 , @entity900 , and vinblastine [MCV]), and 4,000 cGy radiotherapy with concurrent @entity900 . @entity1 with biopsy-proven complete response after chemotherapy and 4,000 cGy radiation received full-dose radiotherapy (6,480 cGy) with @entity900 . Cystectomy was recommended to @entity1 with @entity66 . Distant @entity3 rate was associated with @entity5 stage and size: 0% in T2 @entity1 , 39% in T3-4 @entity1 (P = .035), 6% for @entity5 less than 5 cm, and 59% for @entity5 greater than or equal to 5 cm (P = .002). Risk of @entity150 recurrence was higher in @entity1 with @entity5 in situ ( @entity2735 ; 40%) than those without @entity2735 (6%; P = .075). @entity5 and @entity5 both had similar treatment outcomes. By multivariate analysis, @entity5 stage T2 (P = .04) and absence of @entity2735 (P = .03) were significant predictors of complete response; @entity2735 was predictive of local bladder recurrence (P = .07); and @entity5 size (P = .03), response after chemoradiotherapy (P = .02), and vascular invasion (P = .08) were associated with distant @entity3 . Six of eight local @entity150 recurrences were superficial @entity5 . The low actuarial distant @entity3 rate of T2 @entity1 (0% at 3 years), the 3-year actuarial overall survival rates for T2 (89%) and T3-4 (50%) @entity1 , and the similar treatment outcomes for papillary versus @entity5 are encouraging when compared with published historical controls. These results provide preliminary evidence (median follow-up, 30 months) that the current chemoradiotherapy regimen may have beneficial effects in the treatment of muscle-invasive @entity150 . The true efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains to be proven by ongoing randomized trials.

title: Prognostic factors in invasive XXXX in a prospective trial of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Papillary tumors', 'solid tumors', 'tumor-associated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Healthy hearing depends on sensitive ears and adequate brain processing. Essential aspects of both hearing and cognition decline with advancing age, but it is largely unknown how one influences the other. The current standard measure of hearing, the pure-tone audiogram is not very cognitively demanding and does not predict well the most important yet challenging use of hearing, listening to speech in noisy environments. We analysed data from UK Biobank that asked 40-69 year olds about their hearing, and assessed their ability on tests of speech-in-noise hearing and cognition. METHODS AND FINDINGS: About half a million volunteers were recruited through NHS registers. Respondents completed 'whole-body' testing in purpose-designed, community-based test centres across the UK. Objective hearing (spoken digit recognition in noise) and cognitive (reasoning, memory, processing speed) data were analysed using logistic and multiple regression methods. Speech hearing in noise declined exponentially with age for both sexes from about 50 years, differing from previous audiogram data that showed a more linear decline from <40 years for @entity1 , and consistently less @entity393 for @entity1 . The decline in speech-in-noise hearing was especially dramatic among those with lower cognitive scores. @entity73 and increasing age were both independently associated with decreasing ability to hear speech-in-noise (0.70 and 0.89 dB, respectively) among the population studied. @entity1 subjectively reported up to 60% higher rates of difficulty hearing than @entity1 . Workplace noise history associated with difficulty in both subjective hearing and objective speech hearing in noise. Leisure noise history was associated with subjective, but not with objective difficulty hearing. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity1 have declining cognitive processing ability associated with reduced ability to hear speech in noise, measured by recognition of recorded spoken digits. Subjective reports of @entity393 generally show a higher prevalence than objective measures, suggesting that current objective methods could be extended further.

title: Relation between speech-in-noise threshold, XXXX and cognition from 40-69 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Decreasing cognitive ability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing difficulty', 'hearing loss']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Drug resistance, absence of an effective vaccine, and inadequate public health measures are major impediments to controlling @entity3964 @entity311 worldwide. The development of antimalarials to which resistance is less likely is paramount. To this end, we have exploited the chaperone function of @entity3964 Hsp90 (PfHsp90) that serves to facilitate the expression of resistance determinants. METHODS: The affinity and activity of a @entity10043 analogue Hsp90 inhibitor ( @entity59852 ) on PfHsp90 was determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies and an ATPase activity assay, respectively. In vitro, antimalarial activity was quantified using flow cytometry. Interactors of PfHsp90 were determined by LC-MS/MS. In vivo studies were conducted using the @entity2637 infection @entity19 model. RESULTS: @entity59852 exhibited antimalarial activity in the nanomolar range, displayed synergistic activity with @entity503 in vitro. Affinity studies reveal that the PfHsp90 interacts either directly or indirectly with the @entity3964 @entity503 resistance transporter (PfCRT) responsible for @entity503 resistance. @entity59852 synergized with @entity503 in the @entity2637 @entity19 model of @entity311 to reduce @entity5895 and improve survival. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the interaction of PfHsp90 with PfCRT may account for the observed antimalarial synergy and that @entity59852 is an effective adjunct for combination therapy.

title: A @entity10043 analog synergizes with @entity503 (CQ) by targeting XXXX Hsp90 (PfHsp90).

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['P.berghei', 'Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sepsis-related @entity651 is the most common and morbid form of @entity647 . The objective of this study was to develop an ovine model of septic @entity647 and characterize its pathophysiology regarding its recruitability and changes in regional aeration and perfusion distributions at injury and during injury evolution. DESIGN: Experimental animal study. SETTING: University hospital research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Adult @entity742 . INTERVENTIONS: Twenty-one anesthetized and mechanically ventilated @entity742 received intravenous @entity526 endotoxin infusion until severe @entity519 was obtained. Inspiratory- and expiratory-gated computed tomography images of the entire lung were acquired in six subjects at baseline, during endotoxin infusion, and at injury. Perfusion images were obtained at apex and base locations at baseline and injury. Computed tomography images were analyzed for total, air, and tissue lung volumes and axial and vertical aeration and perfusion gradients. Lung recruitability was studied in a subgroup of subjects after injury. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Computed tomography imaging showed a patchy, progressive decrease in air volume as injury evolved, partially replaced by an increase in tissue volume. Perfusion showed a nondependent-to-dependent gradient at baseline that remained relatively unchanged with injury. Perfusion to poorly aerated lung regions was unchanged or increased after injury. Aeration and perfusion distributions at baseline were primarily dorsal or dependent. After injury, the heterogeneity of perfusion and aeration increased and the effect of gravity decreased. Recruitment maneuvers and changes in positive end-expiratory pressure resulted in no improvement in aeration or oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: The severe @entity519 , moderate @entity393 , and perfusion patterns are consistent with an injury model in which @entity519 is exacerbated by endotoxin-mediated failure of @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction.

title: Regional aeration and perfusion distribution in a @entity742 model of XXXX characterized by functional computed tomography imaging.

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['endotoxemic acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity901 / @entity1487 / @entity4181 (FOLFOX4) is an effective and generally well-tolerated regimen in Western studies of metastatic @entity14 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the objective @entity5 responses and @entity137 of the FOLFOX4 regimen in a predominantly Chinese population with advanced @entity14 in Singapore. METHODS: Forty-seven consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in a retrospective study between March 1998 and December 2001. FOLFOX4 was first-line treatment in 36% of these @entity1 , second-line in 36%, third-line in 17%, and fourth-line in 11%. @entity5 responses were assessed radiologically, and @entity137 were graded by the National @entity5 Institute common @entity137 system. RESULTS: The objective response rate (all partial responses) was 45%, and stable disease was achieved in 35% of the @entity1 . There were no deaths due to @entity137 . Mild to moderate @entity1897 affected half of the @entity1 , with 1 report of cold exacerbation in this tropical series. The rate of @entity56 reactions to @entity901 was 11%, and they usually occurred late in the treatment course. CONCLUSIONS: FOLFOX4 has good efficacy in metastatic @entity14 in our local population, but the rate of @entity56 reactions to @entity901 was high.

title: @entity901 / @entity1487 / XXXX in advanced @entity14 : an asian experience.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise reduces @entity28 and related glucose tolerance, but whether increasing exercise intensity offers additional benefit at fixed exercise amounts is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine the separate effects of exercise amount and intensity on @entity1144 . DESIGN: 24-week, single-center, parallel-group trial from 2009 to 2013. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00955071). SETTING: Kingston, Ontario, Canada. @entity1 : 300 abdominally obese adults. INTERVENTION: Control (no exercise) (n  = 75) or 5 weekly sessions of low-amount, low-intensity exercise (LALI) (180 and 300 kcal/session for @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively, at 50% of maximum oxygen consumption [V  o2peak]) (n  = 73); @entity258 ( @entity258 ) (360 and 600 kcal/session, respectively, at 50% of V  o2peak) (n  = 76); or @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) (360 and 600 kcal/session, respectively, at 75% of V  o2peak) (n  = 76). Daily unsupervised physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometer. MEASUREMENTS: Waist circumference and 2-hour glucose level (primary outcomes) and @entity410 and measures of insulin action (secondary measurements). RESULTS: 217 @entity1 (72.3%) completed the intervention. Mean exercise time in minutes per session was 31 (SD, 4.4) for LALI, 58 (SD, 7.6) for @entity258 , and 40 (SD, 6.2) for @entity2101 . Daily unsupervised physical activity and sedentary time did not change in any exercise group versus control (P  > 0.33). After adjustment for age and sex in a linear mixed model, reductions in waist circumference were greater in the LALI (-3.9 cm [95% CI, -5.6 to -2.3 cm]; P  < 0.001), @entity258 (-4.6 cm [CI, -6.2 to -3.0 cm]; P  < 0.001), and @entity2101 (-4.6 cm [CI, -6.3 to -2.9 cm]; P  < 0.001) groups than the control group but did not differ among the exercise groups (P  > 0.43). After adjustment for covariates, reductions in 2-hour glucose level were greater in the @entity2101 group (-0.7 mmol/L [-12.5 mg/dL] [CI, -1.3 to -0.1 mmol/L {-23.5 to -1.5 mg/dL}]; P  = 0.027) than the control group but did not differ for the LALI or @entity258 group versus the control group (P  > 0.159). Weight loss was greater in all exercise groups than the control group (P  < 0.001); however, reduction in body weight did not differ among the exercise groups (P  > 0.182). LIMITATION: The clinical importance of reducing 2-hour glucose level in nondiabetic adults remains undetermined. CONCLUSION: Fixed amounts of exercise independent of exercise intensity resulted in similar reductions in @entity1144 . Reduction in 2-hour glucose level was restricted to high-intensity exercise. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

title: Effects of exercise amount and intensity on XXXX in obese adults: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity', 'abdominal obesity and glucose tolerance']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HAHI', 'high-amount, high-intensity exercise']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['HALI', 'high-amount, low-intensity exercise']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['abdominal obesity and glucose tolerance']


abstract: @entity421 is the most common primary @entity79 and @entity1 often develop pulmonary metastases. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity421 , there is a great need to develop a clinically relevant animal model. Here we report the development of an @entity421 animal model using three related @entity1 @entity421 lines, the parental TE-85 and two derivative lines @entity2482 / @entity5187 and 143B. In vitro characterization demonstrated that the 143B line had the greatest cell migration and the least cell adhesion activities among the three lines. The 143B line also exhibited the greatest ability for anchorage independent growth. When GFP-tagged @entity421 cells were injected into the proximal tibia of athymic @entity19 , we found that 143B cells were highly tumorigenic and metastatic, and @entity2482 / @entity5187 cells were tumorigenic but significantly less metastatic. TE85 cells were neither tumorigenic nor metastatic. The number of pulmonary metastases was found 50-fold higher in 143B injected animals than that in @entity2482 / @entity5187 injected @entity19 . No pulmonary metastases were detected in TE85 injected animals for up to 8 weeks. Primary @entity5 formed by @entity2482 / @entity5187 and 143B cells could be visualized by whole body fluorescence imaging, while the pulmonary metastases were visualized on the necropsied samples. The GFP tagged 143B cells (and to a lesser extent, @entity2482 / @entity5187 cells) were readily recovered from lung metastases. This clinically relevant model of @entity1 @entity421 provides varying degrees of @entity5 growth at the primary site and metastatic potential. Thus, this orthotopic model should be a valuable tool to investigate factors that promote or inhibit @entity851 and/or @entity3 .

title: An orthotopic model of @entity1 XXXX and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma growth']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma growth']


abstract: @entity1 exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a global environmental health concern. @entity219 ( @entity8862 ) is a ubiquitous respiratory toxicant that has been associated with PM health effects. However, the molecular mechanism of @entity8862 @entity137 is not fully understood. @entity274 and @entity8862 have been shown to mediate signaling leading to adverse cellular responses in the lung and we have previously demonstrated @entity8862 to cause cellular @entity274 production. To determine the role of @entity8862 -induced @entity274 production in the @entity1 airway epithelial cell response to @entity8862 exposure. BEAS-2B cells expressing the redox-sensitive fluorogenic sensors HyPer ( @entity274 ) or roGFP2 (EGSH) in the cytosol or mitochondria were exposed to 50  M @entity8862 for 5min in the presence of 1  M of the @entity219 ionophore @entity31779 . Intracellular @entity274 levels were modulated using catalase expression either targeted to the cytosol or ectopically to the mitochondria. HO-1 mRNA expression was measured as a downstream marker of response to oxidative stress induced by @entity8862 exposure. Both cytosolic catalase overexpression and ectopic catalase expression in mitochondria were effective in ablating @entity8862 -induced elevations in @entity274 . Compartment-directed catalase expression blunted @entity8862 -induced elevations in cytosolic EGSH and the increased expression of HO-1 mRNA levels. @entity8862 leads to multiple oxidative effects that are exerted through @entity274 -dependent and independent mechanisms.

title: Role of XXXX in the oxidative effects of @entity219 exposure in @entity1 airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity31779 :: ('MESH:C008704', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrithione']

answer: @entity274 :: (CHEBI:16240,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: @entity7261 , defined as a benign outpouching of the tracheal wall, is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. It can be congenital or acquired in origin, and most cases are asymptomatic, typically being diagnosed postmortem. We report a case of a 69-year-old @entity1 who was hospitalized after presenting with @entity221 , fatigue, @entity662 , and a right neck mass complicated by @entity1282 . Her medical history was significant: @entity2542 ( @entity8693 ); @entity4595 ; and thyroidectomy. On physical examination, she presented diminished breath sounds and muffled heart sounds, with a systolic murmur. Laboratory tests revealed elevated inflammatory markers, a CT scan showed an air-filled, multilocular mass in the right tracheal wall, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the CT findings. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy failed to reveal any abnormalities. Nevertheless, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity7261 . The treatment approach was conservative, consisting mainly of antibiotics. After showing clinical improvement, the @entity1 was discharged.

title: Infected @entity7261 : a rare association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritic chest pain']

entities_list: @entity8693 :: ('MESH:D019896', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheal diverticulum', 'tracheal diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emphysema']

answer: @entity8693 :: (MESH:D019896,Disease) :: ['alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency']