abstract: INTRODUCTION: We made a clinical study, about nutrition in seriously ill @entity1 , which includes a typical heterogeneous group of critical ill @entity1 , with/without @entity417 's, that have been admitted to Intensive Care Unit, ICU. It is difficult to individualize and to generalize the relative importance of all the factors that can contribute to these @entity417 's in the admission to the Unit, including @entity3147 , inflammatory alterations, the immune response to @entity146 , inmunitary modifications and the complex relations existing between these clinic processes. OBJECTIVE: Indirect valuation of the nutritional situation and @entity417 's, in a typical heterogeneous group of critical ill @entity1 . METHOD/RESULTS: We studied 202 @entity1 admitted to ICU, of varied and heterogeneous origin, classifying them in 3 groups: control, post surgery and septic group's, becoming the indirect valuation of the nutritional situation on the basis of: Global Subjective Valuation, (VGS) and the nutritional analytical determinations of total lymphocytes, albumin, and @entity69 . Also we made hemogram and determinations of sideremia and ferritinemia to all of them. In 57% of the @entity1 , we observed levels haemoglobin < 12.5 g/dl, basically in the post surgery groups, 68 @entity1 and septic group's, 10 @entity1 . And with levels haemoglobin < 10 g/dl, in 25 @entity1 's (12.3%). There were 87 @entity1 , 23 of them in the control group's, 58 in the post surgery and 5 septic group's, with levels haemoglobin > 12.5 g/dl. Regarding the nutritional prognoses indicators, (VGS + nutritional profile), in the control group's, they did not present @entity417 nor analytical clinical under nourishment, in the post surgery group's, @entity417 and slight under nourishment and in the septic group's, @entity417 and moderate under nourishment. There were significant differences between the surgery and septic group and control group's, in values of haemoglobin, @entity68 , total lymphocytes, @entity69 and albumin. A statistical correlation between sideremia and albumin was significative. (Spearman's Rho 0,277). CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the @entity417 and nutritional valuation. and the ferroterapic treatment, as immune-nutrient, can be beneficial for the integrity of the immune system and its defense's abilities against the @entity146 in critically ills.

title: [Nutrition and XXXX in critical illness].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressions']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiencies']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemias']


abstract: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) investigating administration of colony-stimulating factors (CSF) during or after chemotherapy in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 have not been systematically reviewed. We performed a meta-analysis of all reported RCTs comparing prophylactic or concurrent use of CSFs in @entity3052 @entity1 . Two reviewers extracted data independently. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a fixed effects model. Fourteen RCTs (n   =   4,069 @entity1 ) were identified investigating prophylactic CSF administration. Time to neutrophil recovery (>500/ l) was significantly reduced in the CSF group (-4.13  days; 95% CI, -4.23 to -4.04) as was the length of hospitalization (-2.06 days; 95% CI, -2.36 to -1.76). However, no significant reduction in infection-related mortality was observed in CSF-treated compared with control @entity1 (odds ratio (OR) 0.94; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.1). Prophylactic CSF administration did not impact complete remission (CR) rate or survival. Fourteen RCTs (n   =   4,518 @entity1 ) were identified investigating administration of CSFs during chemotherapy. Summary estimates of CR, disease/event-free, or overall survival were not significantly different for CSF versus control @entity1 . Prophylactic CSF administration reduces the time to neutrophil recovery and length of hospitalization, but has no impact on documented infections or outcome. Economic analyses of prophylactic CSF administration in @entity3052 @entity1 are warranted.

title: Myeloid growth factors in XXXX : systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'Randomized controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'adult AML', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Traditional therapeutic approaches for @entity1 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) have included treatment with @entity1943 analogs, hepatic-directed therapies, interferon and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Current knowledge about biological behavior of @entity788 ( @entity788 ) has increased in the last decade, and some studies have been conducted to translate in the clinical setting. Among several molecular agents investigated in @entity1 with progressive @entity788 , @entity2239 and @entity2240 have been studied in large Phase III trials. Both have produced significant benefit, with improvement in progression-free survival. These results were published last year by NEJM and were updated at the ASCO Annual Meeting in June 2011. AREAS COVERED: This review focuses on the potential molecular targets in pancreatic @entity5 in the light of recent advances. Furthermore, it summarizes the available data for targeted agents from Phase II and III trials open to @entity1 with this @entity5 . EXPERT OPINION: These new agents are likely to play an increasingly important role in the future management of advanced @entity788 . Their use in earlier phases of the disease could improve clinical outcome, avoiding side effects of the more toxic chemotherapy. The challenge in medical treatment of pNET is to define the @entity1 who can benefit from this innovative therapy; future research should be directed to find predictive markers for response to the targeted agent.

title: Therapy innovation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors', 'pNETs']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumors', 'NETs']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed the effects of distraction via strut graft insertion on the canal dimensions in spondylotic @entity1 cadaver cervical spines. Transverse and anteroposterior diameters and cross-sectional areas were measured by transverse computed tomography imaging before and after distraction without direct decompression. OBJECTIVES: This experiment was designed to address whether distraction across the disc space without direct canal decompression can improve the space available for the cord. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Smith-Robinson anterior discectomy and fusion have been shown to improve clinical symptoms of @entity614 and @entity602 even in the absence of direct decompression. This has been postulated to be the result of gradual resorption of intruding osteophytes. However, the immediate effects of indirect distraction alone have not been previously investigated. METHODS: Four cadaver spines from elderly donors were harvested intact. The transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter, and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal were measured before and after discectomy and distraction via insertion of fibular strut graft by digitization of contiguous computed tomography scan slices. RESULTS: The spinal canal dimensions before distraction were found to vary in a sinusoidal pattern around the disc space, with the maximum measurements located at the pedicle and the minimum measurements at the spondylotic ridge above or below the disc space. Distraction via strut graft insertion significantly increased the anteroposterior diameter and cross-sectional area, but had a negligible effect on transverse diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior discectomy and distraction with a strut graft can significantly improve the space available for the cord in @entity4720 . @entity5040 , which risks @entity130 to the cord, may not always be necessary for improving clinical @entity614 and @entity602 .

title: The role of distraction in improving the space available for the cord in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['Osteophyte debridement']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic injury']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term survival of @entity1 with appendiceal or @entity14 (PC) may be achieved by combining cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy ( @entity91 /HIPEC). Unfortunately, such favorable outcomes are realized in a minority of @entity1 . Given the morbidity of the @entity91 /HIPEC and the uncertain role of postresection systemic therapy, it is important that prognostic factors in high-grade PC be clearly defined. METHODS: This single center, retrospective, cohort study examined the outcomes of @entity91 /HIPEC performed on @entity1 with high-grade PC secondary to appendiceal or @entity14 between 2007 and 2013. Cox regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the association between potential prognostic factors [age, sex, primary site, @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) status, peritoneal @entity5 index (PCI) score, completeness of cytoreduction score (CC score), number of visceral resections, and systemic chemotherapy] and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 70 @entity1 with high-grade appendiceal or colorectal PC underwent @entity91 /HIPEC during the study period; 82.9  % underwent complete (CC-0) cytoreduction with a median PFS of 9.7  months. Positive LNs at the time of @entity91 /HIPEC were predictors of worse PFS on univariate and multivariate analysis. No association was demonstrated between pre- or post-HIPEC systemic chemotherapy and PFS. CONCLUSIONS: High-grade PC secondary to appendiceal or @entity14 can be managed with @entity91 /HIPEC. The number of @entity1600 metastases at the time of @entity91 /HIPEC is the strongest predictor of progression and must be considered when determining @entity1 eligibility for this aggressive treatment.

title: Predictors of Progression in High-Grade Appendiceal or XXXX After Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare traditional methods (ie, intermaxillary fixation with interosseous wiring or external fixation) with newer techniques (ie, plating, use of lag screws) of @entity1538 of mandible @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from medical records. SETTING: Academic urban medical center. @entity1 : Nonrandomized sample of 356 @entity1 admitted to the hospital for treatment of mandible @entity174 from 1987 through 1991; 155 @entity1 treated with @entity1538 were studied. INTERVENTIONS: Sixty-nine @entity1 were treated with interosseous wire fixation or external fixation, 86 @entity1 with rigid internal fixation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of @entity73 , nonunion, malunion, operative time, and follow-up. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted between the two groups for sex, treating service, delay in presentation, antibiotic coverage, mechanism of injury, or type of @entity174 . The incidence of @entity128 , and unavailability for follow-up were greater in @entity1 treated by the newer techniques. Overall expense and operative time were greater in the group treated with plates and lag screws. CONCLUSIONS: We advocate traditional techniques for @entity1 with mandible @entity174 requiring @entity1538 .

title: Traditional methods vs rigid internal fixation of mandible XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open reduction and fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['infection, nerve impairment']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['infection, nerve injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1526 receiving treatment with @entity16580 are discouraged from breast feeding. Many @entity1 who would receive treatment with @entity16580 live in extreme poverty, have limited access to resources such as clean water and baby formula and may not have safe alternatives to breast milk. AIM: We aimed to estimate, using limited available pharmacokinetics data, potential @entity1 exposure to @entity16580 through breast milk. METHODS: Original @entity16580 plasma concentrations were obtained from published studies. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-linear mixed-effect modelling with NONMEM V.VI. A total of 1000 @entity16580 plasma-concentration profiles were simulated and used to calculate the amount of drug that an @entity1 would be exposed to, if breast fed 150 ml/kg/day. RESULTS: Breast milk concentrations on the basis of peak plasma levels (1361 ng/ml) and milk-plasma ratio were estimated. We calculated @entity1 @entity16580 exposure of a breastfed @entity1 of a mother treated with this drug to be below 10% of the maternal weight-adjusted dose, even if milk-plasma ratio were overestimated. Simulation led to similar estimates. DISCUSSION: Risk for significant @entity1 exposure to @entity16580 through breast milk seems small and below the level of exposure of @entity1 with @entity1526 receiving @entity16580 treatment. This potential degree of exposure may not justify discontinuation of breast feeding.

title: Is use of @entity16580 for the treatment of XXXX compatible with breast feeding? A population pharmacokinetics analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ['Chagas disease']

entities_list: @entity16580 :: ('MESH:D009547', 'Chemical') :: ['nifurtimox']

answer: @entity1526 :: (MESH:D014355,Disease) :: ['Chagas disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) in 103 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three consecutive @entity1 referred to our department for @entity1596 were included. Files were retrospectively analyzed for age at time of presentation, gender, type of @entity1596 (as defined by International @entity1596 Study Group) and etiology, time of @entity2790 (primary or secondary to treatment), and associated filtering surgical procedure. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry and @entity2790 was defined as intraocular pressure 21 mm Hg or higher. RESULTS: Among these @entity1 , 36% of @entity1596 cases were related to a concomitant infectious disease ( @entity66 in 20% of cases and herpes zoster in 4%). No significant difference in age or gender was found between groups. At least one episode of @entity2790 was found during the acute phase of the disease in 27 @entity1 (26.2%): anterior @entity1596 accounted for 74% of @entity1 . Most @entity101 cases were associated with @entity66 (37%), whereas @entity134 -induced @entity2790 was suspected in only two @entity1 (7.4%). @entity2790 was controlled by topical @entity551 treatment in 74.1% of @entity1 , and a filtering surgical procedure was found necessary in seven @entity1 (25.9%). CONCLUSION: This retrospective study confirms that @entity2790 is a major complication of @entity1596 , especially in those involving the anterior chamber of the eye and/or related to viruses. Most cases responded rapidly to combined topical @entity230 /antiglaucomatous therapy.

title: [Hypertony and XXXX : 103 cases of @entity1596 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['HIOP', 'high intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: The resultant scar in the primary repair of @entity3384 should ideally be straight and the mirror image of the philtrum on the non-cleft side. In 1993, we reported a new operative technique for @entity3384 , in which we designed a straight line for the incision on the white lip. In order to produce the nostril floor, we used the white lip tissue in the area between the alar base and alveolus at the cleft side as a flap. We also used a small triangular flap above the white skin roll to prevent Cupid's peak from being drawn up. Unlike the rotation-advancement method, our technique does not leave a transverse scar at the alar base. Instead, it leaves a scar only along the line coincident with the natural philtral ridge. However, during observations of our @entity1 , we noticed that the small triangular flap designed to be 1.5mm tended to become a @entity2318 as the @entity1 grew older. In addition, drooping of Cupid's peak on the cleft side was often observed with this small triangular flap. To make it less conspicuous, we made some modifications to the small flap above the white skin roll. With this new technique, we designed a semi-circular flap (1.5 x 3mm) above the white skin roll, instead of the small triangular flap. The suture line of our refined procedure draws a gentle curve, which looks almost straight because of skin elasticity. Moreover, the semi-circular flap causes less drooping of the upper lip than the triangular flap. We believe that revising the shape of the small flap on the white skin roll greatly improves @entity1 ' appearance. In this report, we present our refined techniques of primary repair of @entity3384 .

title: Straight line repair of XXXX : new operative method based on 25 years experience.

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['conspicuous angular scar']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['unilateral cleft lip']


abstract: Host-associated microbial interactions may involve genome complementation, driving-enhanced communal efficiency and stability. The tsetse @entity238 (Diptera: Glossinidae), the obligate vector of African trypanosomes ( @entity3177 subspp.), harbours two enteric Gammaproteobacteria symbionts: @entity24165 and Sodalis glossinidius. Host coevolution has streamlined the @entity24165 genome to complement the exclusively sanguivorous tsetse lifestyle. Comparative genomics reveal that the Sodalis genome contains the majority of @entity24165 genes. This significant genomic overlap calls into question why tsetse maintains the coresidence of both symbionts and, furthermore, how symbiont homeostasis is maintained. One of the few distinctions between the @entity24165 and Sodalis genomes lies in @entity9138 biosynthesis. While @entity24165 can synthesize @entity9138 , Sodalis lacks this capability but retains a @entity9138 ABC transporter (tbpAthiPQ) believed to salvage @entity9138 . This @entity74 may represent the early convergence of metabolic pathways that may act to retain @entity24165 and evade species antagonism. We show that @entity24166 , the specific @entity9138 derivative putatively synthesized by @entity24165 , impacts Sodalis @entity9138 transporter expression, proliferation and intracellular localization. A greater understanding of tsetse symbiont interactions may generate alternative control strategies for this significant medical and agricultural pest, while also providing insight into the evolution of microbial associations within hosts.

title: Nutrient provisioning facilitates homeostasis between tsetse XXXX (Diptera: Glossinidae) symbionts.

entities_list: @entity24165 :: ('51229', 'Species') :: ['Wigglesworthia glossinidia', 'Wigglesworthia']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic complementation']

entities_list: @entity24166 :: ('MESH:D013833', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine monophosphate']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fly']


abstract: Genetic variations in DNA repair genes may affect an individual's susceptibility to @entity135 . We performed a case-control study to test the association between @entity135 risk and two polymorphisms: the @entity21207 of the @entity20823 and the @entity21208 of the @entity6545 -genes of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HRR). Genotypes were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). DNA was isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a group of 288 @entity1 consisting of 97 subjects with precancerous @entity75 (PHLL) and 191 subjects with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) as well as 353 healthy control donors. We found an association between PHLL and the 722CT (OR 6.67; 95% CI 3.02-14.74) as well as 722TT (OR 4.65; 95% CI 2.30-9.43) variants of the @entity20823 gene. Similar relation was observed between these genotypes and @entity213 (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.61-4.16 and OR 5.54; 95% CI 3.22-9.52, respectively). Moreover, we also observed an association between PHLL (OR 6.04; 95% CI 3.69-9.90) and @entity213 (OR 6.04; 95% CI 3.69-9.90) and the 135GC variant of the @entity6545 gene. The gene-gene interaction between @entity20823 and @entity6545 polymorphic variants may contribute to higher prevalence of PHLL. The increased risk of this disease was observed in case of the combination of the 722CT/135GC (OR 3.81; 95% CI 1.55-9.75) as well as the 722TT/135GC genotypes (OR 5.33; 95% CI 1.96-14.47). The presence of the same genes combinations plays a part in higher probability of @entity213 occurrence (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.22-4.79 for 722CT/135GC and OR 3.63; 95% CI 1.69-7.76 for 722TT/135GC). We also found an association between these @entity20823 or @entity6545 polymorphic variants and smoking status in PHLL (ORs 2.85-10.28 and 1.82-7.35, respectively) and @entity213 @entity1 (ORs 2.94-13.93 and 1.36-3.94, respectively) as well as @entity167 intake among PHLL (ORs 3.44-6.12 and 3.52-8.43, respectively) and @entity213 subjects (ORs 2.71-7.01 and 2.33-4.62, respectively). In conclusion our data showed that the @entity21207 and the @entity21208 polymorphisms of the @entity20823 and the @entity6545 genes might be associated with @entity213 . Finally we suggested that these polymorphisms might be used as predictive factor of @entity1613 for @entity135 in a Polish population.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity20823 XXXX and the @entity6545 @entity21208 genes and the risk of @entity135 in a Polish population.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic laryngeal lesions']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesion']

answer: @entity21207 :: (c|SUB|C|722|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C722T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prognostic significance of grading system for stromal invasion in pathologic @entity5 stage T1 (pT1) @entity2220 . METHODS: Eighty-five cases of surgically resected pT1 @entity2220 with clinicopathologic and follow-up data were retrospectively reviewed. The degree of invasive growth was classified into three grades according to its location in the @entity5 . The clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic significance were analyzed. RESULTS: Amongst the 85 cases studied, 17 cases (20%) were in grade 1, 12 (14%) in grade 2 and 56 (66%) in grade 3. The @entity5 size was smaller and lymphovascular permeation was less frequently encountered in cases with grade 1 stromal invasion than in those with grade 3 (P=0.005 for @entity5 size and P=0.018 for occurrence of lymphovascular permeation). The rate of lymph node @entity3 and pathologic staging in cases with grade 1 and grade 2 were similar and were significantly lower than those with grade 3 (P=0.007 for rate of lymph node @entity3 in grade 1 versus grade 3 @entity5 , P=0.002 for pathologic stage in grade 1 versus grade 3 @entity5 , P=0.027 for rate of lymph node @entity3 in grade 2 versus grade 3 @entity5 and P=0.021 for pathologic stage in grade 2 versus grade 3 @entity5 ). There was no statistically significant difference with respect to age, gender and smoking history of the @entity1 , amongst cases in different grades. The overall five-year survival rate was 63%. The five-year survival rates for cases with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 were 100%, 83.3% and 46.6%, respectively. The difference between cases with grade 2 and grade 3 was statistically significant (P=0.027). The @entity204 rate during follow-up for cases with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 were 0, 16.7% and 42.9%, respectively. The difference between cases with grade 1 and grade 3 was statistically significant (P=0.001). Univariate analysis showed that grade of stromal invasion (P=0.001), pathologic stage (P<0.001), presence of lymphovascular permeation (P<0.001) and lymph node involvement (P<0.001) represented important prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis also showed that pathologic stage (P<0.001) was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: The grading system of stromal invasion in pulmonary @entity420 correlates with @entity5 prognosis and other prognostic factors. It represents a useful criterion in prognostic categorization of pT1 @entity2220 .

title: [Prognostic significance and grading of stromal invasion in pT1 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung']


abstract: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) affects approximately 5% of the female population, and is a leading cause of @entity249 , primarily secondary to anovulation. @entity4082 has been standard therapy for ovulation induction in @entity1 seeking pregnancy, but recent evidence suggests that insulin sensitizing agents such as @entity2449 may also be effective. The National Institute of @entity1 Health and @entity1 Development's Reproductive Medicine Network has begun a randomized, double-blind trial of @entity4082 vs. @entity2449 vs. @entity4082 plus @entity2449 for the induction of ovulation in @entity1 with @entity3610 seeking pregnancy, with live birth rate as the primary outcome. Because the available literature was largely limited to surrogate outcomes such as ovulation and pregnancy rates, we created a Markov model to derive estimates of likely live birth rates in each arm. Using these estimates, we then constructed an algorithm that allowed only two formal comparisons between the three arms. First, we assumed that combination therapy would have to be superior to the next best single-agent therapy in order to be preferred, because of complexity, costs, increased side effects, etc. If combination therapy is not superior to the next best single agent, then the only other comparison of interest is between the two single agent therapies. Because the third possible comparison, between the best and worst of the three therapies, is not clinically relevant, it can be eliminated from formal statistical consideration, with subsequent reduction in sample size. Based on the opinion of the Network Steering Committee that a 15% absolute difference in live birth rates would be clinically relevant, our methodology resulted in a sample size of 226 per arm, or a total of 678 subjects. The PPCOS trial should definitively answer the question of the relative efficacy of @entity2449 , @entity4082 , and combination therapy in the treatment of @entity249 @entity1 with @entity3610 .

title: Estimating live birth rates after ovulation induction in @entity3610 : sample size calculations for the pregnancy in XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene', 'Clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']


abstract: A retrospective study was performed to determine the course of @entity4218 occurring in @entity1 with monoarticular and @entity12013 juvenile @entity309 . Data were assessed on thirty-six @entity1 followed to skeletal maturity, on fifteen @entity1 who had not reached skeletal maturity but who had been followed for four years or more, and on forty-nine @entity1 followed for three years or less. In seventy-two of the total of 100 @entity1 the onset of the disease occurred before they were five years old, and ninety @entity1 had involvement of the knee. All @entity1 in whom the disease developed before the age of nine had overgrowth of the involved extremity, but that overgrowth never exceeded 3.0 centimeters. The major discrepancy developed within the first three or four years and either @entity6632 thereafter, remained level, or decreased. Of the thirty-six @entity1 who were followed to skeletal maturity, in twenty-nine a discrepancy of 1.5 centimeters or more developed at some time during the period of assessment. Twelve of the thirty-six @entity1 had diminution of the discrepancy to the extent that @entity1167 was not required. Fifteen eventually had an @entity1167 . Rapid premature closure of the epiphyseal growth plate occurred only in those @entity1 in whom the disease developed after the age of nine years. This led to immediate shortening of the involved side and on occasion to marked @entity4218 .

title: Leg-length discrepancies in monoarticular and @entity12013 juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb-length discrepancies']

entities_list: @entity12013 :: ('MESH:C536312', 'Disease') :: ['pauciarticular']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['epiphyseal arrest']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['increased very slowly']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity261 is a @entity2338 that leads to low blood @entity460 levels and for which current replacement therapy is inadequate. Gene transfer to salivary glands leads to safe and abundant secretion of therapeutic protein into either saliva or the bloodstream. We previously reported the successful transduction of @entity35 submandibular glands with an adenoviral vector encoding @entity1 @entity461 (Ad. @entity461 ), but unfortunately most of the @entity461 was secreted into saliva. Because submandibular and parotid glands are morphologically and functionally different, we hypothesized that @entity461 sorting might be different in parotid glands. After 2 days, the pattern of @entity461 secretion from transduced parotid glands of intact @entity35 was reversed from that of transduced submandibular glands, that is, most transgenic @entity461 was detected in serum (5   *   10(10) viral particles per gland; the saliva-to-serum ratio of total @entity461 secreted was 0.04). Vector copies were localized to the targeted parotid glands, with none detected in liver or spleen. Ad. @entity461 next was administered to parotid glands of parathyroidectomized @entity35 . Two days after delivery no @entity461 was detectable in saliva, but high levels were found in serum, leading to normalization of serum @entity460 and a significant increase in the urinary @entity3151 -to- @entity1011 ratio. This study demonstrates for the first time differential sorting of transgenic @entity461 between submandibular and parotid glands, suggesting that @entity461 may be a valuable model protein for understanding the molecular basis of transgenic secretory protein sorting in these exocrine glands. We also show the clinical potential of salivary gland @entity461 gene therapy for @entity1 with @entity261 .

title: XXXX parathyroid hormone is secreted primarily into the bloodstream after @entity35 parotid gland gene transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['hormone deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoparathyroidism', 'hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['hPTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity281 ( @entity281 ) may lead to death if it extends beyond the buccal area. The virulence of pathogens and the local and systemic status of the @entity1 influence the propagation of the pathogen, either by anatomical continuity or haemematogenous dissemination. Several severe complications derived from @entity281 have been reported in the head, neck and chest. However, @entity281 with an abdominal component, caused by @entity582 with dental foci or the direct passage of pus from the thorax to the abdomen, are unusual. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a young immunocompetent @entity1 who, after false cure of an odontogenic abscess, again reported gynaecological symptoms. A network of connected abdomino-perineal, thoracic and cervical abscesses was discovered. DISCUSSION: The peculiarity and severity of this case is a reminder that treatment of an abscessed @entity281 should include intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotics, together with surgical drainage of the purulent collections. Samples should be taken for culture and an antibiogram in order to use specific antibiotics if the initial empirical therapy shows resistance. The diagnosis and follow-up should be by CT, which in our @entity1 showed anatomical continuity of the abscesses from the dental focus. The time sequence of the symptoms, in the absence of any other infectious cause, revealed the descending odontogenic nature of the process.

title: Multiple odontogenic abscesses. Thoracic and abdomino-perineal extension in an immuno competent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Odontogenic infection', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity1943 analogue @entity2390 on the invasion and metastasis of @entity356 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: A nude @entity19 model of transplanted in situ @entity1 @entity356 was established by implanting SGC-7901 @entity1 @entity356 cells under the skin of nude @entity35 . Twelve experimental animals were divided into two groups, 6 in each group: @entity2390 group and control group subcutaneously injected with @entity2390 of the dose of 100 microgram /g(-1) / (-1) and normal saline of the same dose respectively for 8 weeks. By the end of the 8(th) week, the animals were killed and the @entity5 were taken out to be examined pathologically. @entity3 was observed too. Microvascular density and @entity7 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry with factor VIII and @entity7 antibody. The expression of @entity1476 gene in @entity356 cell was examined by gelatin zymography and RT-PCR. The upper chamber cavity walls of membrane invasion culture system were covered with matrigel and SGC-7901 cells and @entity2390 were added into the chambers. After 12 hours' culture, the migration and invasion of @entity5 cells were observed. RESULTS: In the membrane invasion culture system, the numbers of invading and migrating SGC-7901 cells were significantly lower in @entity2390 group than in the control group. @entity3 was seen in 4 of the 6 control @entity19 and was seen in only one of the 6 @entity2390 treated @entity19 . The microvascular density was lower in @entity2390 treated @entity19 than in the control. The @entity7 and @entity1476 expression was inhibited by @entity2390 . CONCLUSION: @entity2390 inhibits the migration and invasion of SGC-7901 @entity356 cells in vitro and inhibits the metastasis of @entity5 in vivo. Tha mechanism may be down-regulation of @entity1476 expression and decrease of @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: [Inhibition of XXXX @entity356 metastasis by ocreotide in vitro and in vivo].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The subset of @entity1 suffering from @entity1653 truly originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal is not well described in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate postoperative facial motor and hearing outcomes in @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity1653 originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal. METHODS: Chart reviews were done of 19 consecutive @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity1653 originating in or extending into the internal auditory canal at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, with emphasis on clinical exam and audiometry. RESULTS: Median follow-up for the entire group was 29 months. Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stable @entity2103 . One @entity1 experienced improvement. Postoperative cochlear nerve function was unchanged in 74% of @entity1 and worsened in 21% of @entity1 . One @entity1 with a sudden preoperative @entity393 improved to full hearing at 3 months. CONCLUSION: Every attempt should be made to preserve hearing and facial motor function in surgical @entity1653 that originate in or extend into the internal auditory canal. Normal or nearly normal @entity2103 can be preserved in 88% of @entity1 presenting with normal @entity2103 ; serviceable hearing can be preserved in 92% of @entity1 who present with normal hearing. A standard retrosigmoid craniotomy with drilling of the posterior canal wall of the internal auditory canal worked well in the majority of cases.

title: Outcome after microsurgery for XXXX involving the internal auditory canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['removal of posterior fossa meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of pituitary suppression with a GnRH agonist (GnRH-a) on the success of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins in @entity1 with @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ). DESIGN: Placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study. The data were analyzed with a Fisher exact test. SETTING: A tertiary care academic center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility. @entity1 : Thirty @entity1 with @entity11157 , 15 in each group. INTERVENTIONS: The study consisted of four phases: phase 1, no interventions; phase 2, a 4-week period in which the @entity1 received either 1,000 micrograms intranasal @entity7458 daily or placebo; phase 3, a 3-week period during which the @entity1 additionally received hMG in weekly augmented doses, two, four, and six ampules daily in the first, second, and third weeks, respectively. Ovulation was induced whenever the follicular diameter reached 18 mm and/or total 24-hour @entity172 excretion > 140 micrograms (500 nmol). Luteal support was 5,000 IU hCG every 72 hours; phase 4, no interventions. RESULTS: Follicular growth was seen in five @entity1 of the agonist group and in four @entity1 of the placebo group. Three of 15 @entity1 in the agonist group ovulated versus none in the placebo group. The difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The fact that 3 of 15 cycles cotreated with a GnRH-a were ovulatory versus none in the placebo-treated group appeared not to be enough evidence to demonstrate that pituitary suppression with a GnRH-a improves the success of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins in @entity1 with @entity11157 .

title: Ovulation induction in XXXX : a placebo-controlled randomized trial combining pituitary suppression with gonadotropin stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin acetate']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['premature ovarian failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7335 Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy with a biweekly use of @entity1311 and @entity3003 plus for advanced NSCLC. METHODS: The study is a phase II multi-institutional trial. Eligible @entity1 had inoperable stage IIIB or IV disease, ECOG performance status 0-2, and no previous treatment. @entity1 were treated with the following regimen: @entity1311 (140 mg/m(2)) and @entity3003 (AUC = 3) were administered every 14 days for 6 cycles. RESULTS: Registration has finished by October 2003, and so far, 64 @entity1 were analyzed for the @entity137 , efficacy and survival. There were 10 @entity1 with stage IIIB and 54 with stage IV disease. The median age was 62 years (47-74). There were 49 @entity1 with @entity420 , 11 with @entity957 , and 4 with large cell @entity189 . The hematologic toxicities >=  grade 3; 21% @entity1431 , 53% @entity1398 , 3% @entity417 . no @entity882 . The response rate was 33% with 21 PR. Median survival time was 362 days, and 1 year survival was 50%. As of Dec 22nd, 2003, the median follow up time is 411days. Treatment completion rate was 52.7% and the dose intensity was 60.5 mg/m2/week. CONCLUSIONS: Biweekly combination chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity3003 appeared to be safe and useful regimen to stage IIIB or IV NSCLC. However, careful clinical follow-up is required to confirm the safety and efficacy of this regimen. Updated data is to be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Biweekly combination chemotherapy with @entity1311 and XXXX for advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: METHODS: Eight @entity1 (below 12 years of age) operated on for intraventricular @entity2846 ( @entity2846 ) were retrospectively reviewed to identify the factors responsible for their high postoperative morbidity and mortality. Seven of these @entity1 were aged between 2 months and 2 years and 1 was aged 12 years. Six @entity2846 lesions were in the lateral ventricles and the remaining 2 were in the anterior third ventricle. All @entity1 presented with features of @entity428 . Due to gross @entity1276 with severe manifestations at admission two @entity1 required CSF diversion before definitive surgery. RESULTS: Microsurgical excision of CPPs was achieved in 7 and near total removal of the @entity5 in an 8th @entity1 . Brain shift was noted during operation and was attributed to acute CSF drainage and/or @entity5 excision in all cases. External ventricular drainage was postoperatively placed in 2 @entity1 , who ultimately required shunt installation. One @entity1 died during definitive surgery. Due to @entity16 6 of the remaining 7 @entity1 had a postoperative CT scan within a week of surgery. One had an uneventful recovery, and @entity5745 and @entity11757 were found in all 6 scanned @entity1 . @entity5745 was significant enough in 4 of them to warrant a surgical evacuation. CONCLUSION: Acute CSF drainage leading to significant intraoperative brain shift, postoperative external ventricular drainage, @entity5745 , @entity11757 , and persistent postoperative @entity1276 were identified as chief factors for higher morbidity in these @entity1 .

title: Childhood XXXX : operative complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity5745 :: ('MESH:D011007', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocephalus', 'pneumocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['raised intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity11757 :: ('MESH:D013353', 'Disease') :: ['subdural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2846 :: ('MESH:D020288', 'Disease') :: ['CPP', 'choroid plexus papilloma']

answer: @entity2846 :: (MESH:D020288,Disease) :: ['choroid plexus papillomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Isolation-reared @entity19 show social encounter-induced @entity2915 with activation of prefrontal serotonergic and dopaminergic systems, but it is not known whether this stress response is observed in other pathological conditions. Here we examined whether the social encounter stimulation induces @entity146 during withdrawal in chronic @entity888 ( @entity7865 )-treated @entity19 . METHODS: To induce @entity7865 -induced behavioral sensitization, male @entity19 were injected with @entity7865 (1 mg/kg) once daily for 7 days. RESULTS: The encounter with an intruder elicited @entity2915 24 h after the last injection of @entity7865 in @entity7865 -sensitized @entity19 . This response was observed even as long as 2 weeks after withdrawal of @entity7865 . The encounter increased @entity9830 expression in the prefrontal cortex, dorsal raphe nucleus and ventral tegmental area in @entity7865 -sensitized @entity19 , while it did not in control @entity19 . Furthermore, the encounter increased extracellular @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity935 , but not @entity1063 , levels in the prefrontal cortex in @entity7865 -sensitized @entity19 . Local injection of @entity1128 and @entity2955 into the prefrontal cortex attenuated encounter-induced @entity2915 in @entity7865 -sensitized @entity19 and it markedly decreased prefrontal @entity750 and @entity935 levels, respectively. Pharmacological analysis showed that the encounter-induced @entity2915 is mediated by @entity935 D1 receptors and 5-HT2A receptors and attenuated by anxiolytics and antidepressants such as @entity3175 , @entity18324 and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. The effect of @entity903 was blocked by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist @entity18325 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that psychological stress elicits @entity2915 with activation of prefrontal @entity750 and @entity935 systems in @entity7865 -dependent @entity19 and suggests that the @entity146 is associated with @entity148 and @entity308 .

title: Role of prefrontal serotonergic and dopaminergic systems in encounter-induced XXXX in @entity888 -sensitized @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity18325 :: ('MESH:C070671', 'Chemical') :: ['azasetron']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

entities_list: @entity1128 :: ('MESH:D015116', 'Chemical') :: ['5,7-dihydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity18324 :: ('MESH:C096294', 'Chemical') :: ['osemozotan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['hyperactivity']


abstract: The purpose of this report is to record the results of a treatment protocol for @entity1 with @entity189 . In May, 1980, we initiated a program of chemoradiation therapy preliminary to resection in @entity1 in whom the protocol was applicable. The chemotherapy consisted of @entity1138 , 10 mg as a bolus intravenous injection on day 1, and @entity1487 , 1,000 mg per square meter of body surface area in 1,000 ml of 5% @entity413 solution in distilled water given intravenously on each of days 1 through 4. The radiation therapy consisted of 3,000 rads in three weeks using @entity1953 60 or 6 MeV or greater, with ports to cover the @entity5 and mediastinum. This protocol was given to @entity1 with primary @entity189 remained or became operable during or following the course of the chemoradiation. Among the @entity1 treated according to the protocol, the operability rate was increased. The resectability rate remained about the same as in our previous experience. The operative mortality was lessened appreciably. The percentage of resected specimens of the esophagus showing @entity41 decreased. However, the absence of any @entity41 in the surgical specimen has not conferred any improved chance of long-term survival to date. There has been a two-year survival of 33% (7/21) among the small group having chemoradiation therapy prior to resection, and this figure is roughly the same as that in our previously reported series of @entity1 treated by preoperative irradiation (4,500 rads in three weeks) and resection without the chemotherapeutic adjunct.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemoradiation therapy and resection for XXXX : short-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus whose disease', 'carcinoma of the esophagus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The management of unstable @entity4039 ( @entity4039 ) is controversial, with a high risk of developing @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ). We meta-analysed two areas of concern: reduction of the slip and the timing of treatment. METHODS: A search of Medline, CINAHL and Embase identified only retrospectively relevant studies: four regarding the role of reduction and five regarding the timing of treatment. The incidence of @entity2530 was compared between reduced and unreduced SUFEs, and between those treated within 24 h of symptom onset and those treated thereafter. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Analysis of the pooled data gave an odds ratio of 2.20 (P = 0.290) in favour of the unreduced group, who had a lower risk of developing @entity2530 . The odds ratio was 0.50 in favour of the group treated within 24 h from symptom onset (P = 0.441). However, though clinically important, these effects were not statistically significant. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: The timing of treatment is somewhat inconsistent: two studies favour management more than 24 h after the onset of symptoms, while for three unstable SUFEs are best managed within 24 h. GROWING POINTS: Despite the non-significant results from the meta-analysis, it can be suggested that, if reduction is to be performed, it should be undertaken cautiously, as it may be associated with increased @entity2530 . The ideal time for management of unstable slip is probably within 24 h of symptom onset. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: There is a strong need for multicentre, randomized, controlled trials in this area.

title: Management of unstable XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped upper femoral epiphysis', 'SUFE']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis', 'AVN']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['slipped upper femoral epiphysis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Hungarian Society for Vascular Surgery decided to analyse and publish regularly the data of the Hungarian Vascular Registry. AIM: The aim of the authors was to present the outcome of @entity449 surgeries performed during the past five years. METHOD: Prospectively collected multicentric data obtained from the Hungarian Vascular Registry between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2014 were analysed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and odds ratio calculation. RESULTS: It was found that 16.72% of the 1435 operations were performed for @entity1756 . Five institutes having the highest capacity performed 78.4% of the operations. In the @entity1755 group the age of @entity1 was 71.77  9.82 years (mean  SD), and perioperative mortality was 33.75%. In the intact aortic @entity439 group the age of @entity1 was 69.50  8.46 years and the perioperative mortality was 3.51%. In both groups perioperative mortality (ruptured: p<0,05, OR = 0.11; intact: p<0.05, OR = 0.26) and the length of hospital stay (ruptured: p<0.05, OR = 4.55; intact: p<0.001, OR = 4.27) were significantly lower in @entity1 who had endovascular repair compared to those with open repair. In both groups perioperative mortality (ruptured: p<0.0001, OR = 0.32; intact: p<0.0001, OR = 0.23) and length of hospital stay (ruptured: p<0.05, OR = 3.16; intact: p<0.001, OR = 3.84) were significantly lower in the five institutes having the highest capacity than in the remaining institutes. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 having endovascular repair and in institutes with high capacity the perioperative mortality and length of hospital stay were significantly lower.

title: [Report of the Hungarian Vascular Registry's data of XXXX (2010-2014)].

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The addition of either @entity416 or @entity3866 to @entity136 in the first-line treatment of advanced @entity788 is associated with modest improvements in overall survival. We evaluated an oral regimen of @entity416 and @entity3866 in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 who had experienced treatment failure with standard first-line therapy with @entity136 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity136 -refractory metastatic @entity788 were treated with @entity416 , administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week break. All @entity1 also received @entity3866 150 mg daily. @entity1 were observed for evidence of response, @entity137 , and survival. @entity470 mutational status was assessed in available @entity5 blocks. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity416 and @entity3866 in @entity136 -refractory @entity1 was associated with an overall objective radiologic response rate of 10% and a median survival duration of 6.5 months. In addition, 17% of the treated @entity1 experienced decreases in @entity5 marker (CA 19-9) levels of more than 50% from baseline. Common @entity137 included @entity294 , @entity1910 , fatigue, and @entity8566 . @entity470 mutations were detected in two of five available @entity5 ; no association between treatment response and @entity470 mutational status was evident. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity416 and @entity3866 is active in @entity1 with @entity136 -refractory @entity788 . This regimen may represent an acceptable treatment option in @entity1 who experience treatment failure with standard first-line therapy with @entity136 or for whom @entity136 may not be an appropriate first-line treatment option.

title: @entity416 plus @entity3866 in @entity136 -refractory advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: The management of orthopedic problems in @entity3570 has seen a dramatic change over the past 10 years. The negative effects of @entity508 , poor balance, and the @entity601 on ambulatory function are better appreciated. There is less emphasis on the hip radiograph and more emphasis on the function of the knee and the prevention of knee @entity158 . The importance of the hip abductor muscle and its influence on gait and knee function has been realized. Important developments in the treatment of @entity85 include the use of pedicle screws which allow better correction. The role of anterior-only spinal surgery has been defined, which allows motion at the lumbo-sacral junction and has a lower @entity86 rate than posterior surgery. Functional outcome assessments provide better feedback for surgeons and families in regards to which @entity1 may benefit most from surgery. Overall, the past 10 years has seen the increased use of functional outcome measures such as Motion Analysis, @entity26 consumption, and @entity1 -based outcome assessments rather than traditional radiographic measures (e.g., @entity572 or subluxation). This progress has resulted in a better understanding of @entity3570 and, more importantly, improved outcomes for our @entity1 . Additional research is likely to further enhance outcomes by establishing additional evidence-based interventions.

title: Orthopedic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['tethered cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['spina bifida']


abstract: @entity647 ( @entity647 ) carries about 50 percent mortality and is frequently associated with an @entity281 ( @entity295 ). Life-support treatment with mechanical ventilation rescues many @entity1 , although @entity281 or @entity881 can result in @entity204 . The outcome of a @entity1 developing @entity295 depends on two factors: the @entity281 and the pre-existing @entity32 . In this study, we described each stage of the @entity32 process using a transcriptional approach and an animal model. Female C57BL6/J @entity19 received an intravenous @entity3952 injection to induce an @entity647 ( @entity647 ). Lung expression patterns were analyzed using a 9900 cDNA @entity19 microarray (MUSV29K). Our gene-expression analysis revealed marked changes in the immune and inflammatory response metabolic pathways, notably lipid metabolism and transcription. The early stage (1 hour-1.5 hours) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory immune response. Later (3 hours-4 hours), the immune cells migrate into inflamed tissues through interaction with vascular endothelial cells. Finally, at late stages of @entity55 (18 hours-24 hours), metabolism is deeply disturbed. Highly expressed pro-inflammatory cytokines activate transcription of many genes and lipid metabolism. In this study, we described a global overview of critical events occurring during @entity55 which is essential to understand infectious pathologies such as @entity295 where @entity32 and @entity281 are intertwined. Based on these data, it becomes possible to isolate the impact of a pathogen at the transcriptional level from the global gene expression modifications resulting from the @entity281 associated with the @entity32 .

title: Gene expression profiles characterize XXXX stages in the @entity647 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'superimposed infection']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI', 'Acute Lung Injury']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Esophagectomy remains the mainstay treatment for @entity418 , although retrospective studies have suggested that chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is as effective as surgery. To determine whether CRT can substitute for surgery as the primary treatment modality, we performed a prospective direct comparison of outcomes after treatment in @entity1 with resectable @entity418 who had received CRT and those who had undergone surgery. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eligible @entity1 had resectable T1-3N0-1M0 thoracic @entity418 . After the surgeon explained the treatments in detail, the @entity1 selected either CRT (CRT group) or surgery (OP group). The CRT course consisted of two cycles of @entity900 and @entity1487 with split-course concurrent radiotherapy of 60Gy in 30 fractions. @entity1 with @entity74 persistent or recurrent disease after CRT underwent salvage resection. RESULTS: Of 99 eligible @entity1 with @entity957 registered between January 2001 and December 2005, 51 selected CRT and 48 selected surgery. Of the @entity1 in the CRT group, 13 (25.5%) underwent esophagectomy as salvage therapy. The 3- and 5-year survival rates were 78.3% and 75.7%, respectively, in the CRT group compared with 56.9% and 50.9%, respectively, in the OP group (p = 0.0169). @entity1 in the OP group had significantly more metastatic recurrence than those in the CRT group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment outcomes among @entity1 with resectable thoracic @entity1721 were comparable or superior after CRT (with salvage therapy if needed) to outcomes after surgery alone.

title: Prospective comparison of surgery alone and chemoradiotherapy with selective surgery in resectable XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease during CRT and/or with']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Our recent cost analysis of @entity263 early detection evaluated the economic performance of various @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) screening approaches, detected marginal cost variations with time and used a benefit-cost calculation as a framework for further discussion. Receiver operator characteristic analysis initially suggested an optimal test performance for @entity1486 of 2 to 3 ng./ml. when used alone and at approximately 3 ng./ml. in combination with digital rectal examination. However, lower @entity1486 decision levels require cost justifications. Marginal cost analysis demonstrated markedly decreased use of digital rectal examination by year 3 due to significantly lower sensitivity for incident @entity5 . The benefit-cost equation acknowledges that many parameters of cost and probability are not definitive to date yet illustrated major points for discussion. The cost parameters most sensitive to incremental change in decreasing order are the specificity of the screening test, benefits obtained from early therapy and prevalence of the disease. Discussions about improving the likelihood of overall benefit for the United States population should focus on these parameters, as well as social and ethical implications. If we assume minimized future expenditures for @entity5 care via decreases in therapy choices or coverage, no economic benefit for screening exists. If we also assume that potential costs to society are not roughly approximated by any benefits, we may engender inappropriate attempts at cost reduction by effectively discouraging screening in the highest risk groups. Perhaps the greatest immediate cost control issue is the marked @entity263 detection in the oldest age groups who have the least likelihood of mortality or morbidity benefits. Current cost savings may be possible with improved public health education about the appropriateness of early detection in the oldest age groups or those with significant preexisting medical conditions.

title: Cost analyses of @entity263 screening: frameworks for discussion. Investigators of the American XXXX Society-National Prostate @entity5 Detection Project.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'terminal cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'increase in prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review and analyze the cumulative two-year, Israeli experience with medical care for @entity1 victims of @entity13390 during the prehospital and hospital phases. METHODS: Data were collected from the: (1) Magen David Adom National Emergency Medical System Registry (prehospital phase); (2) medical records from the authors' institutions (pediatric triage); and (3) Israel @entity130 Registry (injury characteristics and utilization of in-hospital resources). Statistical analyses were performed as appropriate. INTRODUCTION: During the recent wave of violence in Israel and the surrounding region, hundreds of @entity1 have been exposed to and injured by terrorist attacks. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology and management of terror-related @entity130 in the pediatric population and its effects on the healthcare system. This study focuses on four aspects of @entity13390 -related @entity130 : (1) tending to victims in the prehospital phase; (2) triage, with a description of a modified, pediatric triage algorithm; (3) characteristics of @entity130 -related @entity130 in @entity1 ; and (4) utilization of in-hospital resources. RESULTS: During the study period, 41 mass-casualty events (MCEs) were managed by Magen David Adom. Each event involved on average, 32 regular and nine mobile intensive care unit ambulances with 93 medics, 19 paramedics, and four physicians. Evacuation time was 5-10 minutes in urban areas and 15-20 minutes in rural areas. In most cases, victims were evacuated to multiple facilities. To improve efficiency and speed, the Magen David Adom introduced the use of well-trained "first-responders" and volunteer, off-duty professionals, in addition to "scoop and run" on-the-scene management. Because of differences in physiology and response between @entity1 and adults, a pediatric triage algorithm was developed using four categories instead of the usual three. Analysis of the @entity130 sustained by the 160 @entity1 hospitalized after these events indicates that most were caused by blasts and penetration by foreign objects. Sixty-five percent of the @entity1 had @entity1230 , and the proportion of critical to fatal @entity130 was high (18%). Compared to @entity1 with non- @entity13390 -related @entity130 , the @entity13390 -related group had a higher rate of surgical interventions, longer hospital stays, and greater needs for rehabilitation services. CONCLUSION: Terrorism-related @entity130 in @entity1 are severe and increase the demand for acute care. The modifications in the management of pediatric casualties from @entity13390 in Israel may contribute to the level of preparedness of medical and paramedical personnel to cope with future events. Further studies of other aspects of @entity130 , such as its short- and long-term psychological consequences, will provide a more comprehensive picture of the damage inflicted on @entity1 by acts of @entity13390 .

title: The impact of XXXX on @entity1 : a two-year experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'injuries', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity13390 :: (MESH:D020184,Disease) :: ['terrorism']


abstract: Introduction: We describe the clinical and thigh MRI changes in 2 siblings with @entity15666 ( @entity15666 ) carrying the mutation @entity15667 . Methods: Peripheral blood smears, genetic tests, and muscle biopsies were performed. Thigh MRI was performed to observe fatty replacement, @entity4 , and muscle bulk from axial sections. Results: The siblings showed similarity in @entity1560 and @entity4 . T1-weighted images of the gluteus maximus, adductor magnus, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus revealed marked and @entity1560 . There was asymmetric involvement in biceps femoris and quadriceps. There was extensive @entity1560 in the quadriceps, except for the rectus femoris. Gracilis and sartorius were relatively spared. Thigh muscle volume was decreased, while the gracilis and sartorius appeared to show @entity1184 . Conclusions: Compared with previously reported @entity15666 , MRI changes in this @entity121 tended to be more severe. Asymmetry and relatively selective @entity1560 were characteristics.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Muscle mri in @entity15666 carrying mutation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration', 'diffuse fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'muscle edema']

entities_list: @entity15666 :: ('MESH:C565192', 'Disease') :: ['NLSDM', 'neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy']

answer: @entity15667 :: (c|SUB|G|187+1|A,DNAMutation) :: ['c.187+1G>A']


abstract: The interaction of @entity1361 and its ligands is critical for antigen-induced T cell activation. Recent studies have demonstrated the existence of at least two members of the B7 receptor family. In this report, the co-stimulatory signals provided by @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ) or @entity2937 ( @entity2937 ) were compared to @entity1361 ligation by mAb. We demonstrate that the kinetics of induction of T cell proliferation after anti-CD3 stimulation was similar regardless of the form of co-stimulation. Similarly, @entity12750 could both maintain long-term expansion of CD4 cells. The co-stimulatory effects of both @entity12750 were dependent on @entity1361 cross-linking, based on complete inhibition of proliferation by @entity1361 antibody Fab fragments. Co-stimulation with @entity12750 induced high levels of cytokine secretion by resting T cells, and the effects of @entity12750 could not be distinguished. This conclusion is based on analysis of the initial activation of @entity1361 + T cells, as well as T cell subpopulations consisting of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Both @entity12750 could elicit @entity3646 secretion from CD4+ T cells while anti- @entity1361 antibody induced substantially less @entity3646 secretion. Furthermore, both @entity12750 could stimulate high levels of @entity379 and @entity3646 from CD4+CD45RO+ cells, while neither B7 receptor could co-stimulate @entity379 and @entity3646 secretion from CD4+CD45RA+ T cells. @entity12750 could, however, co-stimulate CD4+CD45RA+ T cells to secrete @entity1199 . By contrast, when previously activated T cells were tested, re-stimulation of CD4+ T cell blasts with @entity7938 or @entity2937 resulted in higher secretion of @entity3646 and @entity225 than anti- @entity1361 , while re-stimulation with anti- @entity1361 antibody maintained a higher level of secretion of @entity1199 and @entity379 than @entity12750 . These observations may have important implications because they suggest that the manner of @entity1361 ligation can be a critical determinant in the development of cytokine secretion that corresponds to @entity1198 - and Th2-like patterns of differentiation. Together these observations suggest that there are no intrinsic differences between @entity12750 in their ability to co-stimulate the populations of cells that we have tested.

title: XXXX ligands @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ) and @entity2937 ( @entity2937 ) induce long-term autocrine growth of CD4+ T cells and induce similar patterns of cytokine secretion in vitro.

answer: @entity1361 :: (940,Gene) :: ['CD28']


abstract: Resting membrane potentials and membrane conductances of @entity1573 skeletal muscle in culture were determined from the 3rd to the 10th day after plating. The effect of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) and of replacement of @entity972 with @entity12876 on these parameters was investigated. Resting membrane potential (Em) rises during myogenesis in vitro and resting membrane conductance (Gm) falls. The initial level of Gm was relatively high (1.2 mS cm-2) but this fell to a final level around 0.2 mS cm-2. The most rapid changes in both parameters occurred between days 3 and 5 of culture. Both @entity1041 and @entity12876 depressed Em and Gm at all stages of development. On the 3rd day of culture Gm was reduced by 0.2 mS cm-2 by both agents. Thereafter, Gm was depressed by about 0.1 mS cm2. @entity12876 does not penetrate @entity972 channels and the reduction in Gm is attributed to block of these channels. This indicates that resting @entity972 conductance is relatively constant at 0.1 mS cm-2 throughout muscle fibre development. Because @entity1041 produces changes in Gm similar to those produced by @entity12876 , @entity1041 is concluded to be acting at the @entity972 channel in a manner similar to caseium.

title: Development of membrane conductance of XXXX skeletal muscle in culture.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity12876 :: ('CHEBI:30514', 'Chemical') :: ['Caesium', 'caesium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Complications of @entity146 are often detected in @entity5 @entity1 . @entity2166 , @entity308 , or @entity933 are common @entity146 in these @entity1 , and drug-induced @entity146 problems are sometimes referred for @entity146 consultation. @entity6916 and other antiemetic drugs that are @entity9852 derivates are also reported to cause @entity2146 due to the blockade of the @entity935 receptor in the central nervous system, but the, prevalence of @entity2146 in @entity1 undergoing @entity5 treatment has not been reported. This study seeks to explore the prevalence of such drug-induced syndromes (e.g., @entity2146 ) in this population. METHODS: This present study was a prospective study. The subjects of this study were 483 consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 who had been referred to the Department of Psychiatry in Kanagawa Prefecture Cancer Center from February 1, 2004, to November 30, 2005. Trained psychiatrists conducted a nonstructured @entity146 interview and neurologic examination to establish @entity146 diagnoses according to DSM-IV and the presence or absence of drug-induced extra @entity1109 . The past and current medications used in their @entity5 treatment were also examined in detail for an accurate evaluation. RESULTS: A @entity146 diagnosis was made in 420 (87.0%) of the 483 @entity5 @entity1 examined, and @entity2146 , a drug-induced @entity717 , was unexpectedly prevalent among the @entity1 ; 20 of 420 (4.8%) @entity1 had developed @entity2146 from an antiemetic drug, @entity6916 . SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: Diagnosing such adverse drug reactions may be difficult due to complicating factors in @entity5 treatment, and the inner restlessness observed in @entity2146 is likely to be regarded as a symptom of a primary @entity146 . The authors suggest that oncologists should optimize the use of antiemetic drugs and be aware of @entity2146 as a possible complication of @entity5 treatment.

title: Unexpectedly high prevalence of @entity2146 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6916 :: ('MESH:D011346', 'Chemical') :: ['Prochlorperazine', 'prochlorperazine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder', 'neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['Adjustment disorders']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['akathisia']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity792 with elevated circulating autoantibodies drive @entity3145 . The Fcy receptors bind IgG subtypes modulating the clearance of circulating immune complexes (CIC). The @entity389 in @entity195 ( @entity601 ) could be mediated by an immune response driven by CIC. We examined single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in the @entity4071 and @entity222 genes in @entity1 with @entity601 which may determine a Fcy receptor with lower binding to CIC. METHODS: The functional @entity4071 (FcyRIIIa* @entity17956 , @entity17957 ) and @entity222 (FcyRIIa* @entity17958 , @entity17959 ) SNPs were analyzed using PCR-based TaqMan Genotyping Assay in two cohorts of 156 mediterranean and 112 Galicia @entity1 in a case-control study. Data were analyzed by   2 with Fisher's exact test and Cochran-Armitage trend test (CATT). CIC were measured by ELISA for C1q-binding CIC. RESULTS: Elevated CIC were found in 7% of @entity1 with @entity601 during the intercrisis period. No differences were found in the allelic frequency for @entity17957 or @entity17959 in controls subjects when they were compared with @entity1 with @entity601 from the same geographic area. However, the frequency of AA and AC genotypes of @entity4071 ( @entity17957 ) differed among mediterranean and Galicia controls (Fisher's test, corrected p = 6.9   10-4 for AA; corrected p = 0.02 for AC). Although genotype AC of the @entity4071 receptor was significantly more frequent in mediterranean controls than in @entity1 , [Fisher's test corrected p = 0.02; OR = 0.63 (0.44-0.91)], a genetic additive effect for the allele C was not observed (CATT, p = 0.23). Moreover, no differences were found in genotype frequencies for @entity17957 between @entity1 with @entity601 and controls from Galicia (CATT, p = 0.14). The allelic frequency of @entity222 ( @entity17959 ) was not different between @entity1 and controls either in mediterranean (p = 0.51) or Galicia population (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CIC are not found in most of @entity1 with @entity601 . Functional polymorphisms of @entity4071 and @entity222 genes are not associated with onset of @entity601 .

title: Polymorphisms of @entity4071 and @entity222 Fcy receptors and circulating immune complexes in XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage and the onset of disease']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear damage']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: Nine cases of severe complicated falciparum @entity311 treated by exchange transfusion were studied. Eight @entity1 survived and one @entity1 died. @entity66 complications were found in all cases. The CNS complications, @entity810 , @entity338 , @entity1087 , @entity548 , @entity295 , and DIC were found in 9, 7, 5, 7, 2, 4 and 1 cases, respectively. The fatal case presented with severe @entity66 complications together with 40% @entity5895 . In eight survivors, whose @entity5895 ranged from 0.3%, to 90%, had milder degrees of @entity262 complications. With the use of blood exchange 10-15 units, the @entity5895 was decreased to less than 5% within 24 hours in all expect one who had @entity5895 90%. In comparison with the other 10 matched non-exchanged @entity1 , there was no significant difference in survival rate between these two group (89% vs 80%). However, in the @entity1 with @entity649 the survival rate in the group who received the exchange transfusion therapy was superior (75% vs 0%). The exchange transfusion therapy is therefore strongly recommended in the treatment of malarial @entity1 who present with @entity5895 > 30% and severe @entity262 complications, particularly those who have severe @entity810 or have lung complications. The amount of blood used for exchange transfusion should at least 1.2 times the blood volume for rapid removal of parasites and toxic metabolites from the circulation.

title: Exchange transfusion therapy in severe complicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Multisystemic', 'multisystemic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: A 21-year-old male presented with right scrotal discomfort. Right high orchiectomy revealed @entity4797 and he was diagnosed with stage I @entity4797 . Since @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) was diagnosed incidentally, no adjuvant therapy was given and he received chemotherapy for @entity3052 . One year later, he complained of lumbago and general malaise. Complete remission of @entity3052 had been achieved and bone marrow puncture revealed no signs of recurrence. Computed tomography showed retroperitoneal lymph node swelling, @entity99 , and multiple lung nodules. @entity3 was suspected and chemotherapy with @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 was started. On the fourth day of chemotherapy, the @entity1 complained of sudden @entity1353 and acutely went into shock. @entity1151 was diagnosed and an inferior vena cava filter was placed. Chemotherapy was continued for four courses and the @entity5 showed complete remission. He has been free of disease for 24 months. In rare cases of @entity5 with @entity999 , the physician should be aware of the possibility of causing @entity1151 after chemotherapy.

title: [ @entity5 with @entity999 causing XXXX following chemotherapy: a case report].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval embolus']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis of testicular neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['non-seminoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena caval embolus distal to the hepatic vein']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity2112 @entity1 subject to conservative treatment in daily clinical practice, there have been no ideal methods to evaluate the spinal flexibility for the @entity1 who are scheduled the brace treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of hanging total spine x-ray to estimate the indicative correction angle by brace wearing in @entity2112 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred seventy-six consecutive @entity1 with @entity2112 who were newly prescribed the Osaka Medical College (OMC) brace were studied. The study included 14 @entity1 and 162 @entity1 with a mean age of 13 years and 1 month. The type of curves consisted of 62 thoracic, 23 thoracolumbar, 22 lumbar, 42 double major, 14 double thoracic, and 13 triple curve pattern. We compared the Cobb angles on initial brace wearing (BA) and in @entity2113 ( @entity2113 ). Of those, 108 @entity1 who had main thoracic curves were selected and evaluated the corrective ability of OMC brace. These subjects were divided into three groups according to the relation between BA and @entity2113 (BA < @entity2113 group, BA = @entity2113 group, and BA > @entity2113 group), and then, maturity was compared among them. RESULTS: The average Cobb angle in upright position (UA) of all cases was 31.0    7.8  . The average BA and @entity2113 of all cases were 20.3    9.5   and 21.1    8.4  , respectively. The average chronological age was lowest in BA < @entity2113 group. And also, maturity in BA < @entity2113 group was the lowest among each of them. The rate of BA < @entity2113 cases were decreased as the Risser stage of the @entity1 were progressed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of hanging total spine x-ray served as a useful tool to estimate the degree of correction possible curve within the OMC brace for main @entity1514 in @entity2112 . Maturity had some influence on the correlation between @entity2113 and BA. Namely, in immature @entity1 , @entity2113 tended to be larger than BA. In contrast, in mature @entity1 , @entity2113 had a tendency to be smaller than BA. With consideration for spinal flexibility based on maturity, in mature @entity1 , larger BA than @entity2113 may be allowed. However, in immature @entity1 , smaller BA than @entity2113 should be aimed.

title: Significance of hanging total spine x-ray to estimate the indicative correction angle by brace wearing in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2113 :: ('MESH:D006679', 'Disease') :: ['hanging position', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic curve']

answer: @entity2112 :: (MESH:C564593,Disease) :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity521 with unfavorable biologic features is controversial. To evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with low-stage @entity4180 -amplified @entity521 and develop a rational treatment strategy, data from the International @entity521 Risk Group (INRG) database were analyzed. @entity1 AND METHODS: The database is comprised of 8,800 @entity1 . Of these, 2,660 @entity1 (30%) had low-stage (International @entity521 Staging System stages 1 and 2) @entity521 , known @entity4180 status, and available follow-up data. Eighty-seven of these @entity1 (3%) had @entity4180 amplified @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity4180 -amplified, @entity5 had less favorable event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) than did @entity1 with nonamplified @entity5 (53% +/- 8% and 72% +/- 7% v 90% +/- 1% and 98% +/- 1%, respectively). EFS and @entity1349 were statistically significantly higher for @entity1 whose @entity5 were @entity981 rather than diploid (EFS, 82% +/- 20% v 37% +/- 21%; P = .0069; @entity1349 , 94% +/- 11% v 54% +/- 15%; P = .0056, respectively). No other variable had prognostic significance. Initial treatment consisted of surgery alone for 29 (33%) of 87 @entity1 . Details of additional therapy were unknown for 14 @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (25%) underwent surgery and moderate-intensity chemotherapy; another 22 underwent surgery, intensive chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Nine of the latter 22 underwent stem cell transplantation. Survival in @entity1 who received transplantation did not differ from survival in those who did not receive transplantation. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with low-stage, @entity4180 -amplified @entity521 , outcomes of @entity1 with @entity5 were statistically, significantly better than those with @entity5 . The data suggest that @entity5 cell ploidy could potentially be used to identify candidates for reductions in therapy. Further study of @entity4180 -amplified, low-stage @entity521 is warranted.

title: Significance of XXXX amplification in international @entity521 staging system stage 1 and 2 @entity521 : a report from the International @entity521 Risk Group database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid tumors', 'tumor', 'diploid tumors', 'low-stage tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'localized neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4180 :: (4613,Gene) :: ['MYCN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 27-year-old male rural worker was admitted with a @entity364 due to an @entity130 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Specimens were collected for microscopy examination and culture. The isolate was identified by morphological and molecular criteria. Susceptibility testing was performed using CLSI methods. CYP51A gene was PCR amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: An @entity54 resistant to @entity2059 (MIC>8 g/ml) was isolated. The isolate was susceptible to @entity2379 , @entity7143 , @entity18111 and @entity11794 . CYP51A sequencing showed two mutations leading on the @entity18112 substitution. The @entity1 received @entity5896 as treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report in South America of a clinical A. fumigatus strain carrying the substitution @entity18112 at Cyp51Ap associated with @entity2059 resistance. Considering the @entity1 was @entity5638 -naive, this resistant isolate may have been acquired from the environment.

title: First @entity2059 resistant XXXX clinical isolate harbouring a @entity18112 substitution in Cyp51Ap in South America.

entities_list: @entity18112 :: ('p|SUB|G|54|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['G54E']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury involving plant detritus']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus strain']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity7143 :: ('MESH:C101425', 'Chemical') :: ['posaconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: A prospective immunohistochemical study of 66 @entity1 bladder biopsies with and without @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the bladder was performed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of laminin staining in @entity1606 of the @entity1 bladder. In all normal and nonmalignant inflammatory specimens, a continuous intact basement membrane (BM) laminin could be identified. In @entity150 specimens laminin staining revealed focal interruption of the subepithelial BM with microinvasion in 2 of 6 specimens initially diagnosed as Tis( @entity18862 ) and 7 of 25 specimens initially diagnosed as @entity5 . A statistically significant association between the pT category and BM interruption was found (p < 0.025). BM loss was directly proportional with the stage of the @entity5 . However, no significant association could be observed between BM interruption and the grade of the @entity5 (p > 0.25). In a short-term follow-up (mean 16 months) a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.01) could be observed between @entity5 recurrence and BM integrity in that a higher recurrence rate and shorter recurrence-free interval was found in @entity1 with interrupted BM versus those with intact BM. Assessment of the vascular BM-staining pattern revealed interruption in specimens from 5 @entity1 who died from advanced @entity3 . The metastatic process was found to be closely associated with focal interruption of the subendothelial BM (p < 0.001). From our results it appears that the adjunct use of immunohistochemical laminin staining in the histopathologic examination of @entity1606 of the bladder is essential in more exact identification of the different pathologic stages and is also of help in the more detailed prediction of @entity5 behavior and prognosis.

title: Value of immunohistochemical laminin staining in @entity1606 of XXXX bladder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pTa tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']