abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity426 are common in the elderly, the prevalence and overall burden of these disorders in the general community is not well defined. METHODS: In a cross-sectional investigation of the population-based Bruneck Study cohort, 488 community-residing elderly aged 60-97 years underwent a thorough neurological assessment including a standardized gait evaluation. @entity426 were classified according to an accepted scheme and their associations to falls, neuropsychological measures, and quality of life were explored. RESULTS: Overall, 32.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 28.2%-36.4%) of @entity1 presented with impaired gait. Prevalence increased with age (p<0.001), but 38.3% (95%CI 30.1%-47.3%) of the subjects aged 80 years or older still had a normally preserved gait. A total of 24.0% (95%CI 20.4%-28.0%) manifested @entity16 , 17.4% (14.3%-21.0%) non-neurological gait problems, and 9.2% (6.9%-12.1%) a combination of both. While there was no association of @entity16 with gender, non- @entity16 were more frequent in @entity1 (p=0.012). Within the group of @entity16 69.2% (95%CI 60.3%-76.9%) had a single distinct entity and 30.8% (23.1%-39.7%) had multiple neurological causes for @entity73 . @entity426 had a significant negative impact on quantitative gait measures, but only @entity16 were associated with recurrent falls (odds ratio 3.3; 95%CI 1.4-7.5; p=0.005 for single and 7.1; 2.7-18.7; p<0.001 for multiple @entity16 ). Finally, we detected a significant association of @entity426 , in particular @entity16 , with @entity308 mood, @entity73 , and compromised quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: @entity426 are common in the general elderly population and are associated with reduced mobility. @entity16 in particular are associated with recurrent falls, lower cognitive function, @entity308 mood, and diminished quality of life.

title: Prevalence and @entity426 in elderly XXXX and @entity1 aged 60-97 years: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction', 'gait impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological gait disorders', 'neurological gait disorders']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['Gait disorders', 'gait disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of sensory and event-related evoked potentials for the prediction of awakening/nonawakening in severe anoxic @entity772 and to design a decision tree helping decision for any @entity1 in this condition. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Clinical neurophysiology unit and intensive care unit of a French university hospital. @entity1 : Sixty-two consecutive severe @entity772 @entity1 after out-of-hospital @entity1167 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We gathered clinical variables and recorded the somatosensory, auditory, and cognitive evoked potentials within an average period of 8 days after @entity1167 . The @entity1 were followed for 12 months and classified as awake or nonawake (permanent @entity47 or @entity204 ). The statistical study included measurements of specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive value for each clinical and electrophysiologic variable recorded at the early stage of @entity772 . Furthermore, a tree-based classification analysis was performed.All @entity1 in whom somatosensory evoked potentials or middle-latency auditory evoked potentials were abolished did not awaken (100% specificity). All @entity1 in whom mismatch negativity (MMN) was present awakened (100% specificity). MMN was superior to somatosensory evoked potentials for the prediction of awakening and had the best specificity and positive predictive value for awakening. On the decision tree, the awakening/nonawakening explicative variables were, by order of importance, MMN, pupillary reactivity, and somatosensory evoked potentials. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to predict early and accurately awakening or nonawakening in postanoxic @entity772 . Using sensory and cognitive evoked potentials to assess the functional condition of the brain, a prognostic tree for the prediction of awakening/nonawakening in severe anoxic @entity772 has been designed. It is applicable to any @entity1 in this condition and offers the possibility to predict with very high probability awakening when MMN, the earliest component of event-related potentials, is present and nonawakening when MMN and pupillary light reflex are absent or cortical components of somatosensory evoked potentials are abolished.

title: Improved prediction of awakening or nonawakening from severe anoxic XXXX using tree-based classification analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose', 'comas']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetative state']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: Recently, Buruli @entity1066 is emerging from the West and Central African countries. The disease come up with @entity39 and immno-suppressive type @entity1066 in the skin, subcutaneous tissue and bone, infected by @entity7663 , and shows indolent chronic course as @entity281 , like @entity378 and @entity1201 . After the transmission to @entity1 , the lesion is usually single and begin as firm, painless, subcutaneous nodule and on any area of @entity1 body skin, though most frequently on lower limbs. In countries of West Africa, it is suspected that the disease should be spreading most widely in Ghana. During April and June 1999, Ghana Health Service pick up the new @entity1 by nation-wide examination. The author visited Ghana twice at March and September 1999 and made on-the-spot inspections not only at a community and Ga district Health Service Center in Accra region but also at St. Martin's hospital in Agroyesum, Amanse west district, Ashanti region. At the time, the author did see the present state of Buruli @entity1066 , i.e. health and medical enlightenment. This report, includes the results due to undergoing nation-wide examination on Buruli @entity1066 at 2 District in Ghana (List 1 and 2), the present states of the @entity1 and the enlightenment provided by the staffs of Ga district Health Service Center (Photografs 1-14). Staffs working for WHO and Ghana Health Service are tackling to @entity14316 , but conditions of the @entity1 are very hard because these @entity1 must live in tropical wetlands, poor health, poor medical and poor economic conditions.

title: [Present status of Buruli XXXX in Ghana, West Africa].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14316 :: ('MESH:D054312', 'Disease') :: ['Buruli ulcer problems']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mycobacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity7663 :: ('1809', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium ulcerans']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ["Hansen's disease"]

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Primary mucosa associated @entity1074 are rare @entity5 that seem to have a better prognosis than @entity706 . Morphologic diagnosis of these lesions may be difficult because of features that overlap with those of benign lymphoid infiltrates. In this study, we assessed the contribution of multi-parametric flow cytometry in demonstrating clonality and further characterizing @entity1074 . Based on a clinical or pathologic suspicion of @entity1074 , 3 transbronchial biopsies, 4 fine needle aspirates, 1 core needle biopsy, and 13 wedge excisions of lung were submitted fresh (unfixed) to our laboratory for evaluation. Among the 13 cases diagnosed as @entity1074 , B-cell monoclonality was established by identifying expression of a single immunoglobulin light chain on @entity2225 or @entity1075 -positive cells in 12 cases. One case lacked expression of both light chains on B-cells. Of 11 @entity706 cases in which @entity5893 and @entity2282 surface antigens were assessed, no cases expressed @entity2282 , and 1 case demonstrated weak @entity5893 expression. Nine of 10 cases studied were diploid and 1 case was @entity981 . All of the @entity706 displayed low (< or = 3%) S-phase fractions consistent with low grade processes. In 10 @entity1 with short follow-up, none died of their disease and the majority had no evidence of @entity706 . In seven of the remaining eight cases, B-cells were polyclonal consistent with reactive processes. In one morphologically reactive case, flow cytometric analysis was unsuccessful because of poor cell viability. The @entity1074 in this study represent a group of @entity1892 with distinctive morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cell kinetic characteristics. Multi-parametric flow cytometry is useful for confirming B-cell monoclonality and illustrating an antigenic profile compatible with this diagnosis. Flow cytometry can be particularly helpful when working with small biopsies and cytologic samples with limited diagnostic material and may abrogate the need for more aggressive surgical procedures.

title: Multiparametric flow cytometry in the diagnosis and characterization of low-grade pulmonary mucosa-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'nodal lymphomas', 'lymphoma dissemination', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT-lymphoma', 'MALT lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas', 'pulmonary MALT lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell tumors']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoid tissue lymphomas']


abstract: Break down after repair of recurrent @entity4037 can exceed 50 per cent. Laparoscopic techniques offer an alternative. This study evaluated the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach for recurrent @entity4037 . A retrospective review on all @entity1 with a recurrent @entity4037 who underwent laparoscopic repair at our institution from August 1995 to June 1997 was performed. Demographic, operative, postoperative, and follow-up data were collected. Thirty-one @entity1 underwent an attempted laparoscopic @entity4037 repair. Sixteen were for recurrent @entity547 ; 15 were successfully repaired laparoscopically. The @entity1 were @entity28 (mean body mass index, 30 kg/m2), had an average of 2.4 previous open repairs (range, 1-7), and six @entity1 had previously placed intra-abdominal mesh. An average of 3.5 (range, 1-16) defects were found per @entity1 with a mean total hernia size of 130 cm2 (6-480 cm2). In all cases, expanded @entity736 mesh (average, 299 cm2) was secured with transabdominal sutures. Postoperatively @entity1 required an average of 19 mg of narcotics (MSO4 equivalent). Bowel function returned in 1.7 days. Length of stay averaged 2.0 days (1-4 days). There were two complications: @entity2688 , which resolved with antibiotics, and skin break-down, which required mesh removal. With follow-up averaging 18 months (7-29 months), there is one recurrence; the case in which the mesh was removed. Laparoscopic repair of recurrent @entity4037 seems promising. Decreased hospital stays, @entity282 , wound complications, and a low rate of recurrence are benefits of this technique.

title: Laparoscopic repair of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['typically obese']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']


abstract: We have developed a recombinant adenovirus vaccine encoding @entity27828 (rHuAd5-hDCT) that produces robust DCT-specific immunity, but only provides modest suppression of @entity19 @entity320 . In the current study, an agonist antibody against @entity31175 was shown to enhance rHuAd5-hDCT efficacy and evoke @entity5 regression, but most @entity5 ultimately relapsed. The vaccine triggered upregulation of the immune inhibitory PD-1 signaling pathway and PD-1 blockade dramatically enhanced the rHuAd5-hDCT + anti- @entity31175 strategy, resulting in complete regression of growing @entity5 in > 70% of recipients. The impact of the combined anti- @entity31175 /anti-PD-1 treatment did not manifest as a dramatic enhancement in either the magnitude or functionality of DCT-specific @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes relative to either treatment alone. Rather, a synergistic enhancement in intratumoral cytokine expression was observed, suggesting that the benefit of the combined therapy was a local event within the @entity5 . Global transcriptional analysis revealed immunological changes within the @entity5 following the curative vaccination, which extended beyond the T cell compartment. We identified an immune signature of 85 genes associated with clearance of @entity19 @entity320 that correlated with improved survival outcome in two independent cohorts of @entity1 @entity320 @entity1 . Our data reinforce the concept that successful vaccination must overcome local hurdles in the @entity5 microenvironment that are not manifest within the periphery. Further, @entity5 rejection following vaccination involves more than simply T cells. Finally, the association of our immune signature with positive survival outcome in @entity1 @entity320 @entity1 suggests that similar vaccination strategies may be promising for @entity320 treatment.

title: Combined vaccination and immunostimulatory antibodies provides durable cure of @entity19 @entity320 and induces transcriptional changes associated with positive outcome in @entity1 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity27828 :: ('13190(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['dopachrome tautomerase']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity66 is a major cause of mortality and disability in adults. @entity6 increases the risk of @entity1779 and is associated with worse clinical outcome following an event. Upregulation of @entity11017 ( @entity11017 ) and @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) in @entity6 appears to play a @entity455 of @entity6 . We hypothesised that inhibition of @entity11017 and @entity6929 by @entity1214 can be potentiated by @entity117 through inhibition of @entity4645 and @entity2435 , resulting in amelioration of clinical @entity1779 in @entity6 . In the present study, @entity1779 /reperfusion injury was induced in @entity3839 @entity6 @entity35 by 1 h @entity2500 and 24 h reperfusion. @entity1188 volume, @entity4 , neurological severity score and blood-brain barrier disruption were significantly increased in @entity6 animals compared with the normoglycemic control group. The combination of @entity117 and @entity1214 treatment significantly improved these parameters in @entity6 animals. Moreover, this therapy was associated with significantly lower mortality and reduction in @entity11017 and @entity6929 levels. Our data indicate that combination of @entity117 and @entity1214 therapy protects from the consequences of @entity1779 in animal models of @entity6 and is associated with inhibition of @entity11017 and @entity6929 . Therefore, this combination therapy may represent a novel strategy to reduce the neurological complications of @entity1779 in @entity6 .

title: Potentiation of XXXX -induced cerebroprotection by @entity1214 : a therapeutic approach to attenuate exacerbation of transient focal @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['role in vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral oedema']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischaemia']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a programme to coordinate and support follow up care in general practice after a hospital diagnosis of @entity583 or @entity951 . DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial; stratified random allocation of practices to intervention and control groups. SETTING: All 67 practices in Southampton and south west Hampshire, England. SUBJECTS: 597 adult @entity1 (422 with @entity583 and 175 with a new diagnosis of @entity951 ) who were recruited during hospital admission or attendance at a @entity662 clinic between April 1995 and September 1996. INTERVENTION: Programme to coordinate preventive care led by specialist liaison nurses which sought to improve communication between hospital and general practice and to encourage general practice nurses to provide structured follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum total @entity165 concentration, blood pressure, distance walked in 6 minutes, confirmed smoking cessation, and body mass index measured at 1 year follow up. RESULTS: Of 559 surviving @entity1 at 1 year, 502 (90%) were followed up. There was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in smoking (cotinine validated quit rate 19% v 20%), lipid concentrations (serum total @entity165 5.80 v 5.93 mmol/l), blood pressure (diastolic pressure 84 v 85 mm Hg), or fitness (distance walked in 6 minutes 443 v 433 m). Body mass index was slightly lower in the intervention group (27.4 v 28.2; P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Although the programme was effective in promoting follow up in general practice, it did not improve health outcome. Simply coordinating and supporting existing @entity9462 care is insufficient. @entity299 is a chronic condition which requires the same systematic approach to secondary prevention applied in other chronic conditions such as @entity6 .

title: Randomised controlled trial of follow up care in general practice of @entity1 with XXXX and @entity951 : final results of the Southampton heart integrated care project (SHIP). The SHIP Collaborative Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity294 is a major cause of morbidity and discomfort for @entity1 undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (APBSCT). There are multiple causes of @entity294 in @entity1 undergoing transplantation including antineoplastic chemotherapy, antimicrobials and @entity281 , including @entity2718 as the most common pathogen involved. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) 1 week before and 30 days after APBSCT, and to identify risk factors for the development of CDAD including diagnosis. Two hundred and forty-two @entity1 underwent APBSCT for @entity1582 and @entity706 between October 1996 and October 2001 in two teaching hospitals. @entity294 was reported in 157 (64.9%) subjects. One hundred and thirty-five out of the 157 subjects were tested for the presence of @entity2718 toxin A. These subjects constitute the study group. The incidence of CDAD was 15%. Two thirds of the @entity1 who developed CDAD had @entity1582 and one third had @entity706 ; this difference did not attain statistical significance. The use of @entity2886 (P = 0.03) and the use of intravenous @entity2176 (P = 0.02) were the only identified risk factors associated with the development of CDAD. @entity1 treated with @entity1311 as part of the mobilization regimen had a lower incidence of CDAD than @entity1 who received hematopoietic growth factor only (P = 0.01).

title: Incidence of @entity2718 -associated @entity294 before and after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['lymphoma and multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism underlying the entry of the analgesic peptide dalargin into brain using biodegradable @entity19013 ( @entity16709 ) nanoparticles (NP) overcoated with @entity6496 80. METHODS: The investigations were carried out with @entity16709 NP and with non biodegradable @entity852 (PS) NP (200 nm diameter). Dalargin adsorption was assessed by HPLC. Its entry into the CNS in @entity19 was evaluated using the tail-flick procedure. Locomotor activity measurements were performed to compare NP @entity137 . BBB permeabilization by @entity16709 NP was studied in vitro using a coculture of @entity291 brain capillary endothelial cells and @entity35 astrocytes. RESULTS: @entity27667 loading was 11.7 microg/mg on @entity16709 NP and 16.5 microg/ mg on PS NP. Adding @entity6496 80 to NP led to a complete desorption. Nevertheless, dalargin associated with @entity16709 NP and @entity6496 80 induced a potent and prolonged @entity1337 , which could not be obtained using PS NP in place of @entity16709 NP. Locomotor activity dramatically decreased in @entity19 dosed with @entity16709 NP, but not with PS NP. @entity16709 NP also caused occasional mortality. In vitro, @entity16709 NP (10 microg/ml) induced a permeabilization of the BBB model. CONCLUSIONS: A non specific permeabilization of the BBB, probably related to the @entity137 of the carrier, may account for the CNS penetration of @entity27667 associated with @entity16709 NP and @entity6496 80.

title: Indirect evidence that drug brain targeting using XXXX 80-coated polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles is related to @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity19013 :: ('MESH:D004659|MESH:C049456', 'Chemical') :: ['polybutylcyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity27667 :: ('MESH:C040996', 'Chemical') :: ['Dalargin', 'dalargin']

entities_list: @entity6496 :: ('CHEBI:53426', 'Chemical') :: ['polysorbate']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity6496 :: (CHEBI:53426,Chemical) :: ['polysorbate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess functional integrity of the auditory brainstem in neonates with transient low Apgar scores. METHODS: Forty-two term @entity1 were studied with brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) using the maximum length sequence during the first month of life. All had transient low Apgar scores but no clinical signs of @entity75 ( @entity75 ). RESULTS: The latencies of BAER waves I and III in these @entity1 were similar to those of age-matched normal controls at all click rates (91/s, 227/s, 455/s and 910/s) during the period studied. Wave V latency was increased at 910/s on day 1 (P<0.01), but did not differ from that in the controls on any other days. I-V interval was increased significantly at 455/s and 910/s on day 1 (P<0.01 and 0.001) and day 3 (P<0.05 and 0.01). On days 5 and 7, BAER wave latencies and intervals were similar to those in the controls. On day 30, all latencies and intervals reached the values in the controls. No abnormalities were seen in BAER wave amplitude variables on any days. CONCLUSIONS: Neonates with transient low Apgar scores but without @entity75 had a significant increase in I-V interval at very high click rates on the first three days of life. SIGNIFICANCE: Brainstem auditory function is sub-optimal during the first few days in neonates with transient low Apgar scores.

title: Sub-optimal function of the auditory brainstem in term XXXX with transient low Apgar scores.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HIE', 'hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity5130 ( @entity5130 ) has been established as an effective and potentially less morbid alternative to open thoracotomy for the management of @entity3509 . However, the timing and role of @entity5130 for advanced @entity55 with @entity3509 is still controversial. In assessing surgical outcome, the authors reviewed their @entity5130 experience in @entity1 with @entity3509 or @entity3509 with @entity39 . The charts of 42 @entity1 who underwent @entity5130 at our institution between July 2001 and July 2005 were retrospectively reviewed for surgical outcome. For purposes of analysis, @entity1 were cohorted into four classes with increasing severity of @entity55 : 1 (-) intraoperative pleural fluid cultures, (-) @entity39 , 18 (43%); 2 (+) pleural fluid cultures, (-) @entity39 , 10 (24%); 3 (-) pleural fluid cultures, (+) @entity39 , 6 (14%); 4 (+) pleural fluid cultures, (+) @entity39 , 8 (19%). A P value of < 0.05 via Student's t test or Fischer's exact analysis was considered an indicator of significant difference in the comparison of group outcomes. @entity5130 was successfully completed in all 42 @entity1 with no mortality and without significant morbidity (82% had less than 20 cc @entity190 ). There was found to be no significant difference (p = NS) in time to surgical discharge (removal of chest tube) among all groups. Hospital length of stay postsurgery was found to be significantly increased between 1 and 4 (6 days vs 9 days; P = 0.038). 14/14 (100%) of @entity1 with @entity39 were found to have evidence of lung parenchymal preservation with improved aeration on follow-up CT scan and/or chest x-rays. The authors conclude that early @entity5130 in @entity1 with advanced @entity55 with @entity3509 is indicated to avoid unnecessarily lengthy hospitalization and prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, early @entity5130 can be safely performed in various stages of advanced @entity55 with @entity3509 , promoting lung salvage, and accelerating clinical recovery.

title: Ready for the frontline: is early thoracoscopic decortication the new standard of care for advanced XXXX with @entity3509 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5130 :: ('MESH:D003655', 'Disease') :: ['Video-assisted thoracoscopic decortication', 'VATD']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: Current understanding of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is derived largely from studies of Caucasians of European origin. However, @entity1 of certain ethnic groups experience a disproportionately greater burden of @entity65 including @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity64 . Adoption of a Westernised lifestyle has different effects on metabolic and vascular dysfunction across populations, e.g. South Asians have a higher prevalence of @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and @entity65 compared with Europeans. African-Americans demonstrate higher rates of @entity301 and @entity64 while African/Caribbeans in the UK have lower @entity301 rates and higher @entity64 rates than British Europeans. Other non-European groups such as the Chinese and Japanese exhibit consistently high rates of @entity64 but not @entity301 , while Mexican Americans have a higher prevalence of both @entity64 and @entity301 , and North American native Indians also have high rates of @entity301 . While conventional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, blood pressure and total @entity165 predict risk within these ethnic groups, they do not fully account for the differences in risk between ethnic groups, suggesting that alternative explanations might exist. Ethnic groups show differences in levels of @entity10478 , insulin resistance, and novel risk markers such as @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1254 and plasma @entity1255 . The marked differences across racial and ethnic groups in disease risk are likely due in part to each of genetic, host susceptibility and environmental factors, and can provide valuable aetiological clues to differences in patterns of disease presentation, therapeutic needs and response to treatment. Ongoing studies should increase understanding of ethnicity as a potential independent risk factor, thus enabling better identification of treatment targets and selection of therapy in specific populations.

title: XXXX risk factors and ethnicity--a homogeneous relationship?

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease risk']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['CVD']


abstract: 1. In conscious fasted @entity95 the insulin secretory response induced by the intravenous infusion of the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist, @entity30518 (10 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) was blocked by the simultaneous administration of @entity1338 (2 microg kg(-1) min(-1) i.v.). 2. The excitatory effect of @entity30518 (10 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) on insulin secretion was similarly suppressed by the concomitant infusion of the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist @entity16495 (1 microg kg(-1) min(-1)). Both, the increase in blood @entity413 and the inhibition of insulin secretion found with @entity16495 when infused alone were antagonized in @entity95 previously treated with the very selective alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity23190 (1.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1)). 3. The combined administration of @entity30518 (3 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) and @entity3044 (0.3 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) evoked a potentiated increase in insulin plasma levels in the face of a weak hyperglycaemia, an @entity551 and @entity591 . 4. The potentiated insulin secretory response derived from alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation was blunted by @entity1338 administration. In its presence a sustained hyperglycaemic response was found. 5. The increase in plasma @entity880 levels resulting from dual adrenoceptor stimulation ( @entity30518 : 10 microg kg(-1) min(-1) + @entity3045 : 0.3 microg kg(-1) min(-1)) was smaller than the expected should addition or potentiation occurred. 6. Our results point to a possible physiological role played by alpha2-adrenoceptors on insulin secretion, since their stimulation by the endogenous @entity2661 could lead to inhibition of insulin release, masking any potentiated response that otherwise should have appeared from alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation.

title: Role of alpha2-adrenoceptors on the hyperglycaemic and insulin secretory effects derived from alpha1- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity30518 :: ('MESH:C016980', 'Chemical') :: ['amidephrine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity23190 :: ('MESH:C058525', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methoxyidazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['established reduction in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Laboratory study conducted using an in vitro wear simulator with a growth guidance system. Analysis of variance performed to compare in vitro specimens (n = 6) with in vivo retrieval components (n = 5). OBJECTIVE: To characterize the stainless steel, wear debris potential of a spinal growth guidance system by developing an in vitro model and validating tested implants with retrospectively obtained retrievals. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Growth enabling, surgical treatments have been developed to provide fusionless options for @entity1 with early-onset @entity1635 . There exist few data regarding the wear debris associated with such spinal systems. METHODS: In this study, we determined in vitro wear from the stainless steel components of the SHILLA    Growth Guidance System. An analogue lumbar spine model was adapted from ISO 12189:2008 to assess the growth guidance system. In a multistation wear simulator, 6 assembled constructs were tested under displacement control for 5 million cycles (Mc) with diluted bovine serum, and the wear was measured gravimetrically at end of the test. The components were compared quantitatively for @entity3356 with retrieved growth guidance implants (n = 5), and qualitatively for wear, corrosion, and other surface damage. RESULTS: The average total wear rate over 5 Mc was 0.39    0.13 mm/Mc (3.12    1.01 mg/Mc) with an average particle size of 1.3  m in equivalent circular diameter. @entity3356 were noticed on both the tested and retrieved specimens with no statistical difference in the wear scar depths of the tested and retrieved components when set and multiaxial screws when compared collectively. CONCLUSION: An in vitro wear analysis for a spinal growth guidance system was conducted using a novel protocol and validated against retrieved implants. This is the first study establishing a baseline value for the wear of "growth enabling" devices for the treatment of early-onset @entity1635 .

title: Growth guidance system for early-onset XXXX : comparison of experimental and retrieval wear.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear scar depth', 'Prominent wear scars']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: As possible mechanisms to explain the emergence of @entity792 , the current author has suggested in earlier papers two new pathways: the "protein localization hypothesis" and the "protein traffic hypothesis". The "protein localization hypothesis" states that an @entity792 develops if a protein accumulates in a previously unoccupied compartment, that did not previously contain that protein. Similarly, the "protein traffic hypothesis" states that a sudden error within the transport of a certain protein leads to the emergence of an @entity792 . The current article discusses the usefulness of the different commercially available transgenic @entity19 models of @entity6 to confirm the aforementioned hypotheses. This discussion shows that several transgenic @entity19 models of @entity6 are in-line and confirm the aforementioned hypotheses. Furthermore, these hypotheses are additionally inline with the occurrence of several newly discovered protein sequences, the so-called trepitope sequences. These sequences modulate the immune response to certain proteins. The current study analyzed to what extent the hypotheses are supported by the occurrence of these new sequences. Thereby the occurrence of the trepitope sequences provides additional evidence supporting the aforementioned hypotheses. Both the "protein localization hypothesis" and the "protein traffic hypothesis" have the potential to lead to new causal therapy concepts. The "protein localization hypothesis" and the "protein traffic hypothesis" provide conceptional explanations for the @entity6 @entity19 models as well as for the newly discovered trepitope sequences.

title: Confirmation of the "protein-traffic-hypothesis" and the "protein-localization-hypothesis" using the XXXX -type-1-knock-in and transgenic- @entity19 -models and the trepitope sequences.

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease', 'autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes-mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The GAVI Alliance supported 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) introduction in Kenya. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of introducing either PCV10 or the 13-valent vaccine (PCV13) from a societal perspective and explored the incremental impact of including indirect vaccine effects. METHODS: The costs and effects of pneumococcal vaccination among @entity1 born in Kenya in 2010 were assessed using a decision analytic model comparing PCV10 or PCV13, in turn, with no vaccination. Direct vaccine effects were estimated as a reduction in the incidence of @entity2506 , @entity295 , bacteraemic @entity55 and non-bacteraemic @entity55 . Pneumococcal disease incidence was extrapolated from a population-based hospital surveillance system in Kilifi and adjustments were made for variable access to care across Kenya. We used vaccine efficacy estimates from a trial in The Gambia and accounted for serotype distribution in Kilifi. We estimated indirect vaccine protection and serotype replacement by extrapolating from the USA. Multivariable sensitivity analysis was conducted using Monte Carlo simulation. We assumed a vaccine price of US  3.50 per dose. FINDINGS: The annual cost of delivering PCV10 was approximately US 14 million. We projected a 42.7% reduction in @entity66 episodes leading to a US 1.97 million reduction in treatment costs and a 6.1% reduction in childhood mortality annually. In the base case analysis, costs per discounted DALY and per @entity204 averted by PCV10, amounted to US  59 (95% CI 26-103) and US  1,958 (95% CI 866-3,425), respectively. PCV13 introduction improved the cost-effectiveness ratios by approximately 20% and inclusion of indirect effects improved cost-effectiveness ratios by 43-56%. The break-even prices for introduction of PCV10 and PCV13 are US  0.41 and 0.51, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Introducing either PCV10 or PCV13 in Kenya is highly cost-effective from a societal perspective. Indirect effects, if they occur, would significantly improve the cost-effectiveness.

title: Assessment of health benefits and cost-effectiveness of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in Kenyan XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2506 :: ('MESH:D008586', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal meningitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a sutureless technique for postoperative @entity849 ( @entity849 ) following repair of @entity1700 ( @entity1700 ) has been reported, though detailed clinical advantages remain unclear. We retrospectively reviewed our surgical experience, and compared outcomes between conventional procedures and a sutureless technique. METHODS: For relief of postoperative @entity849 after @entity1700 repair, five @entity1 underwent a conventional procedure, such as orifice cutback or resection of a proliferated intima, from 1999 to 2004 (Conventional group, 4 males, median 93 days old, 3.6 kg), then seven underwent a sutureless technique (Sutureless group, 5 males, 119 days old, 3.4 kg) from 2005 to 2011. @entity1 with a functional single ventricle were excluded. There were no significant differences regarding @entity1 characteristics. Follow-up examinations were completed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The rate for cumulative survival at 5 years was 60 % in the Conventional group and 71.4 % in the Sutureless group. @entity850 after relief of @entity849 occurred in 100 % (10/10) of @entity1 in the Conventional group and 31.6 % (6/19) of @entity1 in the Sutureless group (p = 0.0088). For bilateral @entity1211 @entity1 , the survival rate was 66.7 % (4/6) in the Sutureless group and 0 % (0/2) in the Conventional group (p = 0.10). Out of three @entity1 who developed whole 4-vein stenosis, only one in the Sutureless group survived. CONCLUSIONS: Although overall survival rate was similar in both groups, the Sutureless technique for postoperative @entity849 following @entity1700 repair successfully rescued more pulmonary veins without re-stenosis than conventional procedures. Further follow-up may demonstrate therapeutic advantages.

title: Midterm outcomes of sutureless technique for postoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['total anomalous pulmonary venous connection', 'TAPVC']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous stenosis', 'PVS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Re-stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous stenosis']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary venous stenosis']


abstract: There are reports that suggest cryosurgical techniques may be a useful adjunct or even a viable alternative to surgical resection for @entity5 . Our objective was to evaluate the clinical results following cryoablation in conjunction with surgical resection for advanced @entity99 . Cryosurgical techniques were used in 25 consecutive @entity1 with advanced @entity96 (1) to achieve a > 1-cm @entity5 -free margin when standard surgical margins were close, (2) to manage multiple @entity5 nodules with or without standard surgical resection, or (3) to increase chemotherapy response rates in conjunction with hepatic arterial portocath placement. In these 25 @entity1 cryoablation was applied to 44 of 91 lesions--independently in four @entity1 and in combination with hepatic resection in 21 @entity1 . Cryoablation was used in seven @entity1 because of close surgical margins. In 18 @entity1 cryosurgery was used for complete lesion ablation. In 14 of the 18 @entity1 cryosurgery and resection were used for different lesions; in four cryosurgery alone was used. Transient changes in hepatic enzymes, PT, PTT, and platelets were at maximum on postoperative days 1 to 3. Surgical mortality and morbidity rates were 4% and 68% respectively. @entity854 were common; at least 30% reduction in platelets occurred in all @entity1 and a > 50% reduction occurred in 15 of 25 (60%). Sixteen @entity1 had a PT > 15 sec and five of these 16 also had platelet count < 50,000. Associated complications included one wound @entity1410 , one @entity548 , one @entity932 , and one @entity99 from the cryosurgical site. 96%, 66%, 49%, 35%, and 20% of @entity1 were surviving respectively at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. This report helps define the risks and results of cryosurgical ablation in conjunction with surgical resection for very advanced @entity5 . Management of lesions contiguous to major blood vessels can include the @entity99 . Cryoablation can be applied carefully as a complement to resection to achieve total @entity5 ablation in selected otherwise unresectable @entity1 .

title: Vanderbilt experience with cryosurgery for 25 advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['GI hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'hepatobiliary tumors', 'hepatobiliary malignancies']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Coagulation abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'Pringle maneuver or total hepatic vascular isolation', 'hepatic hemorrhage']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic tumors']


abstract: 1. Experiments were designed to determine whether endothelium-dependent relaxing factor(s) released by @entity934 from the @entity235 femoral artery influences the membrane potential of coronary arterial smooth muscle. 2. The membrane potential was recorded in small @entity235 coronary arteries (internal diameter less than or equal to 500 micron; without endothelium) by means of intracellular microelectrodes. The organ bath also contained a strip of left descending coronary artery without endothelium in which isometric force was measured to bioassay relaxing factor(s) as well as segments of femoral artery with endothelium, which served as the source of endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s). 3. @entity934 induced endothelium-dependent, transient hyperpolarizations and relaxations that were not affected by @entity3352 . 4. Inhibition of the @entity1372 - @entity972 pump by @entity7832 or @entity972 -free solution did not inhibit the relaxation to @entity934 but prevented the corresponding hyperpolarization. 5. Activation of the @entity1372 - @entity972 pump of the smooth muscle cells by readmission of @entity972 ions after incubation in @entity972 -free solution caused relaxation and marked hyperpolarization. 6. These results suggest that endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) induces hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle of the @entity235 coronary artery, possibly by activation of @entity1372 - @entity972 pumping, but that this effect on the cell membrane may only partially explain endothelium-dependent relaxations evoked by @entity934 .

title: Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization of XXXX coronary smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Hepatocyte tight junctions (TJs), the only intercellular barrier between the sinusoidal and the canalicular spaces, play a key role in bile formation. Although hepatocyte TJs are impaired in @entity1448 , attempts to localize the precise site of hepatocyte TJ damage by freeze-fracture electron microscopy have produced limited information. Recently, several TJ-associated proteins like @entity10261 have been identified and characterized. Immunolocalization of 7H6 appears to closely correlate with paracellular permeability. We used @entity35 models of @entity9744 by @entity2082 ( @entity46161 ) treatment and @entity6687 by bile duct ligation (BDL) to precisely determine the site of TJ damage. Alterations in hepatocyte TJs were assessed by double-immunolabeling for @entity10261 using a confocal laser scanning microscope. In control @entity35 , immunostaining for @entity10261 colocalized to outline bile canaliculi in a continuous fashion. In contrast, @entity10261 immunostaining was more discontinuous, outlining the bile canaliculi after BDL. Immunostaining for 7H6, not ZO-1, decreased and predominantly appeared as discrete signals in the submembranous cytoplasm of periportal hepatocytes after BDL. After @entity46161 treatment, changes in immunostaining for @entity10261 were similar to those seen in periportal hepatocytes after BDL, but distributed more diffusely throughout the lobule. This study is the first to demonstrate that impairment of hepatocyte TJs occurs heterogenously in the liver lobule after BDL and suggests that BDL and @entity46161 treatments produce different lobular distributions of increased paracellular permeability.

title: Different lobular distributions of altered hepatocyte tight junctions in @entity35 models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity9744 :: ('MESH:D002780', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholestasis']

answer: @entity6687 :: (MESH:D001651,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis']


abstract: During the female reproductive cycle, @entity172 enhances the actions of @entity1176 on the gonadotrope cell. Recently, we reported that in vivo exposure to @entity53 causes a marked enhancement @entity1176 -induced transcription of the alpha gene promoter in primary cultures of pituitary cells. In the present study, we analyzed the @entity1176 signaling pathways that mediate the sensitizing effects of @entity53 on the alpha promoter. Primary cultures of male and female @entity35 pituitary cells were transfected with the -420alphaLUC reporter gene and treated with agonists or antagonists for 24 h. As found previously, the degree of @entity1176 (1 nM) stimulation was 15-fold greater in females (157-fold) than in males (9-fold). When cells were treated with @entity4996 [ @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ); 10 nM], the level of stimulation was half that observed with @entity1176 , but the sexual dimorphism was preserved. When protein kinase C (PKC) activity was either depleted by long term treatment with @entity4996 (1 microM @entity4515 for 24 h) or inhibited with @entity866 , the stimulatory effect of @entity1176 was minimally affected in males, but was markedly reduced in females. The reduced threshold of @entity1176 responsiveness after inhibition of PKC suggests that the actions of @entity172 involve this pathway. Coexpression of c-jun and @entity5019 , which are increased by @entity1176 and @entity4515 , suppressed basal alphaLUC activity, but did not alter the sensitivity to @entity1176 in a sexually dimorphic manner. Dominant negative mutants of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is also activated by @entity1176 and @entity4515 , failed to reveal sexually dimorphic alterations in @entity1176 responsiveness. These findings indicate that the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and activating protein-1 are probably not involved in @entity172 sensitization of transcriptional responses to @entity1176 . The involvement of @entity141 -dependent pathways was analyzed either by chelating extracellular @entity141 with @entity4527 (5 mM) or by using a @entity141 channel blocker, @entity4473 (D600; 1 microM). Depletion of extracellular @entity141 markedly reduced @entity1176 action in females, but not in males. Treatment with the @entity141 channel blocker D600 did not alter @entity1176 -induced stimulation of -420alphaLUC in males, but in females, @entity1176 stimulation was significantly impaired (208- vs. 23-fold). @entity172 replacement in ovariectomized females reconstituted @entity1176 sensitivity and the inhibitory effect of @entity4473 (84- vs. 13-fold). We conclude that both PKC- and @entity141 -dependent signaling pathways are involved in @entity53 -induced sensitization of female pituitary cells to @entity1176 .

title: XXXX sensitization of @entity35 pituitary cells to gonadotropin-releasing hormone: involvement of protein kinase C- and calcium-dependent signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4473 :: ('MESH:D005711', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyverapamil']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: @entity484 , frequently named @entity483 , is the most frequent @entity272 of early childhood, with a high prevalence in industrialized countries and a relapsing-remitting course that is responsible for a serious burden on affected @entity1 and their families. Even though most facets of this disease are nowadays well known and numerous guidelines are available, some @entity911 still exists regarding certain aspects. First, several names have been proposed for the disorder. We suggest that the name and definition adopted by the World Allergy Organization should be used: ' @entity484 ,' divided into 'atopic,' when an allergic sensitization can be demonstrated, and 'non-atopic,' in the absence of sensitization. Several diagnostic criteria have been proposed, but at present the two most reliable are the 2003 revision by the American Academy of Dermatology of the Hanifin-Rajka criteria, and those by Williams revised in 2005. To date, 20 different clinical scores have been published to assess the severity; however, only the EASI ( @entity484 Area and Severity Index), the SCORAD (SCORing @entity483 ), and the POEM ( @entity1 -Oriented @entity484 Measure) seem to have been adequately validated and are recommended for use in clinical practice and trials. The diagnostic tests to identify associated @entity566 or sensitization include skin-prick tests, determination of the specific IgE in serum using different assays, and atopy patch tests; in the case of suspected @entity5419 , a food challenge may be necessary to define the diagnosis. To evaluate quality of life, tools exist that allow both the @entity1 's and family's impairment to be considered. In addition, several algorithms exist to help decide therapy on a step-wise basis. However, such guidelines and algorithms represent only an aid to the physician and not an obligatory directive, since the ultimate judgment regarding any therapy must be performed by the physician and tailored to individual needs. A clear and validated definition of @entity484 control would permit better monitoring of the disease, similar to the situation with @entity565 in recent years. Finally, the review examines the role of special textiles in diminishing @entity794 skin superinfection, of house dust-mite avoidance measures, and of educational programs for @entity1 and their families, which may all help improve @entity484 .

title: Useful tools for the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatitis', 'atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['chronic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'Eczema']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) have been linked to the pathogenesis of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) and its progression to @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ). First transcribed as pri-miRNA, these molecules are further processed by a complex of endonuclear and cytosolic RNA binding molecules to form mature miRNAs. The aim of this study is to investigate mechanisms of miRNA regulation in the visceral adipose of @entity1561 @entity1 via measuring expression of miRNA processing enzymes and pri-miRNA. METHODS: Total RNAs were extracted from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) samples collected from @entity1 undergoing bariatric surgery. All @entity1 had biopsy-proven @entity1561 ( @entity7936 @entity1 [n = 12] and non- @entity7936 @entity1561 [n = 12]). For each @entity1 , we profiled mRNA levels for three miRNA processing elements ( @entity10404 , @entity29206 , and @entity8306 ) and seven pri-miRNAs (pri-miR-125b-2, pri- @entity46782 , pri- @entity17309 , pri- @entity41169 , pri-miR-7-1, pri-miR-7-2, and pri-miR-7-3). RESULTS: Expression of @entity8306 , @entity10404 and @entity29206 was significantly increased within the @entity7936 cohort along with expression of pri-miR-7-1. The presence of focal @entity39 on the liver biopsy correlated significantly with levels of @entity8306 and DGRC8. Both @entity7936 and @entity528 of hepatocytes correlated negatively with the expression levels of hsa-miR-125b. Histologic @entity7936 correlated positively with the expression levels of pri- @entity46782 and pri-miR-7-1. The presence of the hepatocyte's @entity528 in the liver biopsy correlated positively with pri- @entity17309 and pri-miR-7-1. The expression profile of pri-miR-125b-2 also correlated positively with body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that VAT-derived miRNA may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity7936 in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: Expression of genes for microRNA-processing enzymes is altered in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD', 'obese NAFLD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ballooning degeneration']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: The most characteristic morphological feature of macrophages in the stroma of placental villi, known as Hofbauer cells, is their highly vacuolated appearance. They also show positive immunostaining for @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) and express messenger ribonucleic acid of the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor with a deletion of exon 9 (LH/ @entity1465 -R   9). Maternal @entity1465 enters fetal plasma through the mesenchyme of the placental villi and promotes male sexual differentiation in early pregnancy; therefore, excess @entity1465 may induce aberrant genital differentiation and @entity1465 must be adjusted at the fetomaternal interface. We hypothesized that @entity1465 is regulated by Hofbauer cells and that their peculiar vacuoles are involved in a cell-specific function. To assess the morphological modification and expression of LH/ @entity1465 -R   9 in @entity1 macrophages after @entity1465 exposure, the present study examined @entity1359 ( @entity4515 )-treated THP-1 cells, a @entity1 monocyte-macrophage cell line. @entity1465 induced transient vacuole formation in @entity4515 -treated THP-1 cells, morphologically mimicking Hofbauer cells. Immunocytochemistry showed that @entity4515 -treated THP-1 cells incorporated @entity1465 but not luteinizing hormone or follicle-stimulating hormone. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that @entity4515 -treated THP-1 cells expressed an immunoreactive 60-kDa protein, designated as endogenous LH/ @entity1465 -R   9. @entity1465 induced a transient reduction in the LH/ @entity1465 -R   9, which was synchronous with the appearance of cytoplasmic vacuoles. In conclusion, @entity1 macrophages regulating @entity1465 via cytoplasmic LH/ @entity1465 -R   9 mimic the morphological characteristics of Hofbauer cells. Their vacuoles may be associated with their cell-specific function to protect the fetus from exposure to excess maternal @entity1465 during pregnancy.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotropin induces @entity1 macrophages to form intracytoplasmic vacuoles mimicking Hofbauer cells in @entity1 chorionic villi.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: We previously found that the extent of an epidural @entity616 produced by 0.125% @entity1342 was clinically indistinguishable from 0.125% @entity1341 in laboring @entity1 . By adding @entity3575 to the 0. 125% @entity1342 and @entity1341 solutions in an attempt to reduce hourly local anesthetic requirements, we hypothesized that differences in @entity616 produced by the two drugs may become apparent. Fifty laboring @entity1 were randomized to receive either 0. 125% @entity1342 with @entity3575 2 microg/mL or an equivalent concentration of @entity1341 / @entity3575 using @entity1 -controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with settings of: 6-mL/hr basal rate, 5-mL bolus, 10-min lockout, 30-mL/h dose limit. @entity1337 , local anesthetic use, @entity616 , @entity1 satisfaction, and side effects were assessed until the time of delivery. No differences in verbal @entity158 scores, local anesthetic use, @entity1 satisfaction, or side effects between groups were observed; however, @entity1 administered @entity1342 / @entity3575 developed significantly less @entity616 than @entity1 administered @entity1341 / @entity3575 . @entity1342 0.125% with @entity3575 2 microg/mL produces similar labor analgesia with significantly less @entity616 than an equivalent concentration of @entity1341 / @entity3575 . Whether this statistical reduction in @entity616 improves clinical outcome or is applicable to anesthesia practices which do not use the PCEA technique remains to be determined. IMPLICATIONS: By using a @entity1 -controlled epidural analgesia technique, @entity1342 0.125% with @entity3575 2 microg/mL produces similar analgesia with significantly less @entity616 than a similar concentration of @entity1341 with @entity3575 during labor. Whether this statistical reduction in @entity616 improves clinical outcome or is applicable to anesthesia practices which do not use the @entity1 -controlled epidural analgesia technique remains to be determined.

title: A comparison of epidural analgesia with 0.125% @entity1342 with @entity3575 versus 0.125% @entity1341 with XXXX during labor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine', 'Ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['motor block']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of sentinel node (SN) ultrastaging and to define parameters that may reduce the overall false-negative rate in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: We analyzed data from a large retrospective multicenter cohort group with FIGO stages IA-IIB @entity5 in whom at least one SN was identified and systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was uniformly performed. All who were SN negative by initial evaluation were subjected to ultrastaging. RESULTS: In all, 645 @entity1 were evaluable. SN were detected bilaterally in 72% of cases and unilaterally in 28%. @entity1 with optimal bilateral SN detection were significantly more likely to have any @entity3 detected (33.3% vs. 19.2%; P<0.001) as well as micrometastasis detected in their SN (39.6% vs. 11.4%). SN ultrastaging resulted in a low overall false-negative rate of 2.8% (whole group) and an even lower false-negative rate of 1.3% for @entity1 with optimal bilateral mapping. @entity1 with false-negative SN after ultrastaging had a higher prevalence of LVSI and more frequent unilateral SN detection. Sensitivity of SN ultrastaging was 91% (95% CI: 86%-95%) for the whole group and 97% (95% CI: 91%-99%) in the subgroup with bilateral SN detection. CONCLUSION: These data confirm previous observations that optimal bilateral SN detection substantially decreases the false negative rate of SN ultrastaging and increases detection of micrometastasis. In @entity1 with bilateral SN detection, the sensitivity of SN ultrastaging is not reduced in more advanced stages of the disease. SN mapping and ultrastaging should become standard practice in the surgical management of @entity5 .

title: Bilateral ultrastaging of sentinel lymph node in XXXX : Lowering the false-negative rate and improving the detection of micrometastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of @entity4480 during routine clinical care in @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) in Germany, and in particular, to identify previously unrecognized safety issues as uncommon adverse reactions, and the influence of confounding factors present in clinical practice on the safety profile of @entity4480 . METHODS: Office-based urologists, gynaecologists and primary care physicians were asked to document @entity1 newly started on treatment for moderate to severe symptoms of @entity3142 . Six thousand eight hundred and fifty-four @entity1 from urologist/gynaecologist practices and 5879 primary care @entity1 were assessed. In a two-armed, observational study with parallel 12   week (urologists and gynaecologists) or 24   week (primary care physicians) design, @entity1 were treated with @entity4480 or other conservative treatment. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of adverse events (AEs). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics differed slightly between @entity1 groups and studies. @entity4480 doses in most @entity1 were lower than recommended. Overall, AE frequency with @entity4480 was lower than in controlled studies (15.9% (95% CI 14.9, 16.9) and 9.1% (95% CI 8.2, 10.0) in the 12   and 24   week treatment groups, respectively), but exhibited a similar qualitative spectrum. In the logistic regression models, the following factors were associated with greater AE risk: investigator specialization (gynaecologist vs. urologist and primary care physician), initial @entity4480 dose (80 vs. 20   mg   day(-1) ) and use of any concomitant medication. Within the 24   week study, a positive screen for @entity308 was surprisingly common, but no case of attempted suicide was reported in either study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results from German clinical practice show that @entity1 with @entity3142 were often treated with @entity4480 doses lower than recommended. This was associated with a low incidence of AEs. Suicide attempts were not reported.

title: Observational study on safety and tolerability of @entity4480 in the treatment of female XXXX in German routine practice.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress urinary incontinence', 'SUI']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress urinary incontinence']


abstract: @entity46464 belongs, together with @entity46465 , to a new family of focal adhesion proteins, the members of which are composed of five LIM domains. @entity46465 and @entity46464 interact, through their first LIM domain, with the @entity46466 and thereby link integrins with several signal transduction pathways. Despite their high similarity, it has been shown that @entity46465 and @entity46464 could exert distinct functions during cell spreading and cell survival. To investigate the function of @entity46464 in vivo, we deleted @entity46464 in @entity19 using the loxP/Cre system. In contrast to the @entity46465 -deficient @entity19 , which die at the peri-implantation stage, @entity46464 -null @entity19 are viable, fertile and show no overt phenotype. Histological analysis of tissues that express high levels of @entity46464 such as bladder and kidney revealed no apparent abnormalities, but showed a significant upregulation of @entity46465 , suggesting that the two PINCH proteins may have, at least in part, overlapping function in vivo. To further test this possibility, we established @entity46465 -null @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts, which express neither @entity46465 nor @entity46464 . We found that in fibroblasts with a @entity46465 /2-null background, @entity46464 is able to rescue the spreading and adhesion defects of mutant fibroblasts to the same extent as @entity46465 . Furthermore, we show that the LIM1 domain only of either @entity46465 or @entity46464 can prevent @entity46466 degradation despite their failure to localize to focal adhesions. Altogether these results suggest that @entity46465 and @entity46464 share overlapping functions and operate dependently and independently of their subcellular localization.

title: Consequences of loss of @entity46464 expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Eighteen @entity1 with relapse of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were treated with recombinant @entity1 @entity4020 (IFN). Relapse was defined as greater than 90% metaphases containing the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and @entity1503 consistent with chronic-phase (CP) @entity1860 . There were 11 males and seven females, with a median age of 38 years (range, 3 to 55). Three @entity1 relapsed after second BMT. Only one @entity1 had received T-cell-depleted marrow initially. The initial IFN dose of 3 x 10(6) U/m2/d was escalated to the maximum tolerated dose or to a maximum of 6 x 10(6) U/m2/d. IFN controlled the white blood cell (WBC) counts in 14 of 16 @entity1 who had abnormal counts, and in all six @entity1 with an elevated @entity1423 . Six @entity1 (33%) have had a complete disappearance of the Ph and two have had a partial response (less than 35% Ph+ metaphases). One @entity1 has a decrease in Ph+ metaphases after 9 months of IFN. Five @entity1 had no significant cytogenetic response after 9 to 12 months, and four developed clinical accelerated phase or blast crisis after 3 to 6 months on therapy. Of four @entity1 with a sex marker, the Ph- population was of donor origin in three and of host origin in one. @entity2008 other than Ph were present in 13 @entity1 and did not predict for lack of response to IFN. IFN is effective in suppressing the Ph clone in some @entity1 who relapse with @entity1860 after allogeneic BMT and controls the blood counts in the majority.

title: Use of alpha interferon for the treatment of relapse of XXXX in chronic phase after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet count']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['alpha 2a interferon']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myelogenous leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify any additional benefit and note the safety profile of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to concurrent chemoradiation in muscle-invasive @entity150 . METHODS: Forty three @entity1 with T2b-T4N0M0 @entity150 underwent maximal TURBT followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy @entity900 75 mg/m[2] D1+ @entity136 1000 mg/m[2] D1, D8 _ D15 repeated every 28 days for three cycles followed by concurrent radiation 65Gy and weekly @entity900 30 mg/m[2] or @entity136 100 mg/m[2]. Complete response (CR) was defined as no @entity5 seen on cystoscopy and biopsy. The disease control and overall survival were determined by Kaplan and Meier method and statistical inferences with the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to find different prognostic factors. RESULTS: Out of 43, thirty two @entity1 (78.04%) achieved CR at time of cystoscopic evaluation. Six @entity1 who did not achieve CR (14.63%) underwent salvage cystectomies, remaining were not operable. At the median follow up of 36 months, overall survival was 61%. Local recurrences were seen in 3 @entity1 (10%) (2 pT1, 1pT2), distant @entity3 were seen in 2 @entity1 (6.6%); 27/41 were alive, of whom 23 (56.1%) were retaining intact disease free bladders. The @entity5 stage, incomplete TURBT and presence of @entity3041 were important prognostic factors (log-rank p values 0.0001, 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation was tolerable with better bladder preservation and overall survival.

title: Bladder preservation by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiation for muscle-invasive XXXX : experience at Sindh Institute of Urology _ Transplantation (SIUT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Means to reduce future risk for @entity65 in subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 are urgently needed. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (age 59        8  years) followed a Paleolithic diet for 12  weeks. @entity1 were randomized to either standard care exercise recommendations ( @entity1726 ) or 1-h supervised exercise sessions (aerobic exercise and resistance training) three times per week ( @entity1726 -EX). RESULTS: For the within group analyses, fat mass decreased by 5.7  kg (IQR: -6.6, -4.1; p   <   0.001) in the @entity1726 group and by 6.7  kg (-8.2, -5.3; p   <   0.001) in the @entity1726 -EX group. Insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) improved by 45% in the @entity1726 (p   <   0.001) and @entity1726 -EX (p   <   0.001) groups. HbA1c decreased by 0.9% (-1.2, -0.6; p   <   0.001) in the @entity1726 group and 1.1% (-1.7, -0.7; p   <   0.01) in the @entity1726 -EX group. Leptin decreased by 62 % (p   <   0.001) in the @entity1726 group and 42 % (p   <   0.001) in the @entity1726 -EX group. Maximum @entity26 uptake increased by 0.2  L/min (0.0, 0.3) in the @entity1726 -EX group, and remained unchanged in the @entity1726 group (p   <   0.01 for the difference between intervention groups). Male @entity1 decreased lean mass by 2.6  kg (-3.6, -1.3) in the @entity1726 group and by 1.2  kg (-1.3, 1.0) in the @entity1726 -EX group (p   <   0.05 for the difference between intervention groups). CONCLUSIONS: A Paleolithic diet improves fat mass and metabolic balance including insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, and leptin in subjects with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Supervised exercise training may not enhance the effects on these outcomes, but preserves lean mass in @entity1 and increases @entity65 .

title: Effects of a Paleolithic diet with and without supervised exercise on fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and glycemic control: a randomized controlled trial in individuals with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular fitness', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: We have analysed Kupffer cell and 'activated' perisinusoidal cell populations in liver biopsies from @entity1 with @entity1443 ( @entity1443 )-induced @entity99 of varying degrees of severity. Kupffer cells were identified immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody KPJ and perisinusoidal cells by identification of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. Material was available from four groups of individuals: (i) 11 cases with mild (grade I) injury; (ii) six cases with moderate (grade II) injury; (iii) six cases with severe (grade III) injury; and (iv) controls with normal liver histology (n = 23). Biopsies in groups (i)-(iii) were obtained within 5 days of drug ingestion. All @entity1 in this study survived and follow-up biopsies were obtained at 4 months, by which time the histological abnormalities had fully resolved. Kupffer cells and perisinusoidal cell numbers were assessed in immunostained preparations of acute and recovery phase biopsies and in control specimens. In acute phase biopsies from @entity1 with grade II and III injury there was expansion of the Kupffer cell and perisinusoidal cell populations within areas of injury. There was a strong correlation between the size of these two cell populations (r = 0.886). No significant difference in cell numbers was found between those with @entity130 and controls. In recovery phase biopsies from @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced injury, perisinusoidal cell numbers did not differ significantly from normal controls. Kupffer cells numbers also decreased in recovery phase biopsies compared with the acute phase, although there was persistent expansion of the Kupffer cells population in those who originally had @entity130 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Non-parenchymal cell responses in XXXX ( @entity1443 )-induced @entity99 .

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['grade I injury', 'grade III injury']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: @entity1321 in @entity43 @entity1 is a major complication which frequently affects survival and quality of life. After a reasonable trial of conservative management fails, surgery is the only hope for relief of obstruction. In an effort to evaluate the success of such surgery we have reviewed the outcome of 54 operations (52 @entity1 ) for relief of @entity1321 performed over the 3-year period 1983-1985. Possible predictive factors for success and survival following surgery were analyzed. The sites of @entity1321 in the 54 procedures were as follows: small intestine 24 (44%); large intestine 18 (33%); combined small and large intestine 12 (22%). In 11 operations no surgical correction of the obstruction was possible. In 43, major intestinal procedures were performed, including 14 bypasses, 13 resections, and 20 colostomies. Of the 43 instances in which intestinal procedures were performed, 4 @entity1 expired without leaving the hospital. At the time of discharge from the hospital the remaining 34 of these 43 @entity1 were eating a regular or low-residue diet. Successful palliation of @entity1321 was thus achieved in 79% of the 43 instances in which a definitive procedure could be performed, and in 63% of the total of 54 operations. Mean survival following surgery was 6.8 months for the group undergoing a definitive procedure, and 1.8 months for the group undergoing exploration only. There was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to age, time from diagnosis, prior radiotherapy, number of prior laparotomies, site of obstruction, or use of total parenteral nutrition. None of the multiple clinical variables analyzed correlated with survival following definitive surgery. Most @entity1 explored for @entity1321 due to advanced @entity43 can have their obstruction relieved and be discharged from the hospital. We were not able to define criteria that would allow selection of @entity1 unlikely to benefit from surgery.

title: Palliative surgery for @entity1321 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'Intestinal obstruction']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the efficacy of peripherally administered opioid has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of its anti- @entity1931 effects are poorly understood. G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying @entity972 (GIRK) channels are linked to opioid receptors in the brain. However, the role of peripheral GIRK channels in @entity1337 induced by peripherally administered opioid, especially in trigeminal system, is not clear. METHODS: Expression of GIRK subunits in @entity35 @entity21 ( @entity21 ) was examined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Chemical profiles of GIRK-expressing neurons in @entity21 were further characterized. Behavioural and Fos experiments were performed to examine the functional involvement of GIRK channels in   -opioid receptor (DOR)-mediated anti- @entity1931 under an acute @entity5442 condition. RESULTS: @entity21 expressed mRNA and proteins for @entity50633 and @entity50634 subunits. Majority of @entity50633 - and @entity50634 -expressing neurons were non-peptidergic afferents. Inhibition of peripheral GIRK using @entity13472 (TPQ) attenuated antinociceptive effects of peripherally administered DOR agonist, [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(6) ]- @entity10971 (DPDPE), on mechanical @entity56 in masseter muscle. Furthermore, @entity50635 attenuated the suppressive effects of peripheral DPDPE on neuronal activation in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal nucleus (Vc) following masseteric injection of @entity2951 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that peripheral DOR agonist-induced suppression of mechanical @entity56 in the masseter muscle involves the activity of peripheral GIRK channels. These results could provide a rationale for developing a novel therapeutic approach using peripheral GIRK channel openers to mimic or supplement the effects of peripheral opioid agonist.

title: Peripheral G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying @entity972 channels are involved in   -opioid receptor-mediated anti- XXXX in @entity35 masseter muscle.

entities_list: @entity13472 :: ('MESH:C029738', 'Chemical') :: ['Tertiapin-Q']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['TG', 'trigeminal ganglia']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['hyperalgesia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in the detection of possible residual lesions after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of @entity0 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 14 @entity1 who had undergone ultrasound-guided core biopsies diagnostic of @entity513 ( @entity513 ; range of diameters, 1.0-3.0 cm) and then ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA with sentinel node biopsy as the primary treatment. Breast MRI was performed 1 week before RFA to evaluate @entity5 extension and again 3 weeks after RFA to verify the presence of possible residual lesions. Conventional surgical resection of the @entity5 was performed 1 week after RFA. The MRI findings were compared with histopathologic analyses to confirm the presence or absence of @entity41 . RESULTS: There was no residual enhancement in seven lesions on the postablation breast MRI scans. These findings were confirmed by negative histopathologic findings in the surgical specimens. The MRI scans of five @entity1 showed small areas of irregular enhancement that corresponded to residual lesions. In the two remaining @entity1 , we observed enhancement of almost the entire lesion, indicating that RFA had failed. CONCLUSION: Breast MRI is effective in detecting residual lesions after RFA in @entity1 with @entity513 .

title: Analysis by MRI of XXXX after radiofrequency ablation for early stage @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['IDC', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: Generalized non-convulsive @entity2048 are characterized by the occurrence of synchronous and bilateral @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) on the electroencephalogram, that are concomitant with a @entity146 . Many similarities between rodent and @entity1 @entity2048 support the use of genetic rodent models, in which spontaneous @entity11228 occur. This review summarizes data obtained on the neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms of @entity2048 with special emphasis on the Genetic Absence Epilepsy @entity35 from Strasbourg (GAERS). EEG recordings from various brain regions and lesion experiments showed that the cortex, the reticular nucleus and the relay nuclei of the thalamus play a predominant role in the development of @entity11228 . Neither the cortex, nor the thalamus alone can sustain @entity11228 , indicating that both structures are intimely involved in the genesis of @entity11228 . Pharmacological data confirmed that both inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmissions are involved in the genesis and control of @entity2048 . Whether the generation of @entity11228 is the result of an excessive cortical excitability, due to an unbalance between inhibition and excitation, or excessive @entity9479 , due to abnormal intrinsic neuronal properties under the control of inhibitory GABAergic mechanisms, remains controversial. The thalamo-cortical activity is regulated by several monoaminergic and cholinergic projections. An alteration of the activity of these different ascending inputs may induce a temporary inadequation of the functional state between the cortex and the thalamus and thus promote @entity11228 . The experimental data are discussed in view of these possible pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral arrest']

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['SWDs', 'spike and wave discharges']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['thalamic oscillations']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: In this study the immunogenetic relationships among 141 unrelated @entity1530 + @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) and 792 members of their families were studied. Two control groups, with at least one @entity4788 + parent were used (families undergoing transplantation program and triplet families undergoing paternity testing). All subjects were typed for @entity2149 antigens by microlyphocytotoxity test (MLCT) on local typing trays. The frequency of @entity2149 alleles was equal in the all tested groups. The segregation of all tested genes was regular regarding to the total number of positive and negative siblings, while regarding to the sex of sibs was irregular for @entity1530 gene. The statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found when ratio between @entity4788 + and @entity4788 - sons in @entity1691 group was compared with the same ration in control families. In @entity1691 group was detected statistical significant (p < 0.01) high number of B5+ than B5- daughters and statistical significant (p < 0.05) less number of B5+ sons. HLA-B21 was shown to be decreased among @entity4788 + @entity1691 @entity1 . A synergistic effect between additional HLA-B alleles and @entity4788 was not observed. The distribution of @entity4788 haplotypes in @entity1691 and control families was similar except for haplotype HLA-A10, @entity4788 which was significant (p < 0.001) less present in @entity1691 families.

title: [Immunogenetic study of the HLA system in families of XXXX with @entity1691 ].

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2178 stimulates synthesis and deposition of collagen and might contribute to the vascular and @entity299 associated with arterial @entity101 . @entity2690 attenuates @entity2178 -induced responses of intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ]) in many cell types but this effect is less in @entity2690 -resistant states. The mechanisms of the interaction between @entity2690 and @entity2178 are still not known. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the effects of @entity2178 on intracellular [ @entity141 ] and the effects of @entity2690 on the @entity2178 -induced response of intracellular [ @entity141 ] in @entity1 skin fibroblasts. METHODS: Spectrofluorophotometric measurements of intracellular [ @entity141 ] in monolayers of cultured @entity1 skin fibroblasts from 15 normotensive @entity1 were performed using @entity593 at 510 nm emission with excitation wavelengths of 340 and 380 nm. RESULTS: Basal intracellular [ @entity141 ] in quiescent (24 h serum-deprived) @entity1 fibroblasts was 75 +/- 3 nmol/l (n = 20). Administration of @entity2178 elevated intracellular [ @entity141 ] dose-dependently with a concentration for half-maximal effect of 20 nmol/l. Administration of 100 nmol/l @entity2178 stimulated a rapid and transient increase in intracellular [ @entity141 ] (from 75 +/- 3 to 130 +/- 2 nmol/l, n = 20). Removal of extracellular @entity460 did not change peak intracellular [ @entity141 ], but it did reduce the time to recovery of [ @entity141 ] (from 64 +/- 4 to 48 +/- 2 s, n = 10, P < 0.01), suggesting that an @entity2178 -induced transmembrane @entity460 influx had occurred. This hypothesis was confirmed by quenching studies with @entity921 . The @entity2178 -induced changes in intracellular [ @entity141 ] were completely blocked by administration of 100 nmol/l of the @entity7743 inhibitor @entity9886 but not by administration of 100 nmol/l of the @entity19496 blocker @entity22179 . Acute (20 min) exposure to 100 nmol/l @entity2690 did not alter basal intracellular [ @entity141 ] in quiescent fibroblasts, but significantly blunted @entity2178 -stimulated peak of [ @entity141 ] (to 101 +/- 3 nmol/l, P < 0.01, n = 18) and delayed recovery of [ @entity141 ] (to 99 +/- 5 s, P < 0.01). The inhibitory effect of @entity2690 was observed both with and without extracellular @entity141 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that administration of @entity2178 increases intracellular [ @entity141 ] in @entity1 skin fibroblasts by release of @entity141 from intracellular @entity141 stores and by influx of @entity141 and that administration of @entity2690 attenuates the response of [ @entity141 ] to @entity2178 but prolongs the time to recovery of [ @entity141 ].

title: Modulatory effect of @entity2690 on release of @entity460 from @entity1 fibroblasts by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity19496 :: ('186', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 2 receptor']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['angiotensin II']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Because @entity3575 has ventilatory depressing effects, alternative methods for @entity1337 may be beneficial for management of bariatric surgery. We evaluated whether @entity6948 infusion could replace @entity3575 for facilitation of open gastric bypass surgery. DESIGN: Randomized, single blinded, open label. SETTING: University teaching hospital. @entity1 : Twenty bariatric @entity1 with an average body mass index of 54 to 61 kg/m2 undergoing surgery for open gastric bypass. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity3575 (0.5-microg/kg bolus, 0.5 microg.kg(-1).h(-1), n = 10) or @entity6948 (0.5-microg/kg bolus, 0.4 microg.kg(-1).h(-1), n = 10) for intraoperative @entity1337 . In both groups, end-tidal desflurane was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index at 45 to 50. MEASUREMENTS: In the operating room, blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 5-minute intervals. Bispectral index and end-tidal desflurane concentration were measured every hour. During recovery in the postanesthesia care unit, @entity1 -evaluated @entity158 scores and @entity1286 use by @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 pump were determined. MAIN RESULTS: During surgery, desflurane concentrations necessary to maintain the bispectral index at 45 to 50 were decreased, and blood pressure and heart rate were lower with in the @entity6948 compared with @entity3575 group. In the postanesthesia care unit, @entity158 scores and @entity1286 use were decreased in the @entity6948 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6948 , when used to substitute for @entity3575 during gastric bypass surgery, attenuates blood pressure and provides postoperative @entity1337 .

title: @entity3575 or XXXX combined with desflurane for bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']