abstract: This review of the current status of HLA associations in @entity625 begins with a discussion of the terms used to identify these @entity1 and an approach for their clinical classification. The authors suggest that seven different types should be identified on the basis of clinical features and associated immunogenetic factors and that each of them should be recognized and called by a separate name. Different combinations of @entity1 have been included in the studies performed in different cities and this fact may explain some of the observed differences in HLA associations in various reports. Results from an on-going study in Dallas are compared with published reports from Prague, Cincinnati, and Houston. HLA alleles associated with susceptibility in @entity12013 @entity1 include certain DR and DQ alleles, one DP allele (DPB1*0201) and one HLA class I allele ( @entity1529 *0201). Susceptibility for @entity66 was found by the authors to be uniquely associated with DPB1*0301. Important interactions were observed between alleles at the different loci, with markedly increased odds ratios when combinations of susceptibility alleles were analyzed. The possibility that interaction between class I and class II susceptibility factors might be due to the effect of an allele at one of the TAP loci was examined by probing for polymorphic variants of the @entity16595 and @entity22944 genes. In addition, class I alleles associated with resistance for the development of @entity625 were discussed. The main allele associated with @entity309 (DRB1*0401) appears to be protective for the development of several forms of @entity625 prevalent in @entity1 .

title: HLA associations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular onset disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity12013 :: ('MESH:C536312', 'Disease') :: ['pauciarticular']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['juvenile arthritis']


abstract: Cultured @entity1 mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) encounter two distinct barriers to indefinite growth. The first barrier, originally termed selection, can be overcome through loss of expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity986 ( @entity986 ). The resultant @entity986 -, @entity876 + post-selection HMEC encounter a second barrier, termed agonescence, associated with critically shortened @entity10205 and widespread chromosomal aberrations. Although some cell death is present at agonescence, the majority of the population retains long-term viability. We now show that abrogation of @entity876 function in post-selection HMEC inactivates cell cycle checkpoints and changes the mostly viable agonescence barrier into a crisis-like barrier with massive cell death. In contrast, inactivation of @entity876 does not affect the ability of HMEC to overcome the first barrier. These data indicate that agonescence and crisis represent two different forms of a telomere-length dependent proliferation barrier. Altogether, our data suggest a modified model of HMEC senescence barriers. We propose that the first barrier is Rb-mediated and largely or completely independent of telomere length. This barrier is now being termed stasis, for stress-associated senescence. The second barrier (agonescence or crisis) results from ongoing @entity2681 leading to critically short @entity10205 and @entity409 .

title: Inactivation of @entity876 function in cultured XXXX mammary epithelial cells turns the telomere-length dependent senescence barrier from agonescence into crisis.

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['telomere erosion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['telomere dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity750 ( @entity750 ) agonist, @entity15015 (m-CPP), has been shown to increase blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), plasma @entity2922 and @entity3695 (PRL) concentrations and to cause @entity458 in rodents. In the present study, we used selective @entity750 and adrenergic antagonists to study the involvement of different receptor subtypes on the effects of m-CPP in conscious, freely moving @entity35 . Hypoactivity and PRL responses were blocked by pretreatment with @entity6521 but not by pretreatment with other antagonists. BP increases were antagonized by @entity7301 (0.1, 0.63 and 2.0 mg/kg) and @entity6009 ; @entity6521 , @entity6704 or @entity3159 pretreatment had only partial effects on BP responses. HR increases were antagonized by @entity3160 , @entity7690 , @entity6009 and by the two higher doses of @entity7301 . After pretreatment with the two higher doses of @entity7301 , m-CPP decreased markedly BP and HR. These decreases were prevented by @entity6521 pretreatment. @entity1063 and @entity1425 responses were dose-dependently attenuated by @entity7301 ; @entity1510 pretreatment attenuated @entity1425 but not @entity1063 responses. These data suggest that @entity458 , PRL responses, and cardiodepressive effects of m-CPP are mediated by 5-HT1 receptors. It is likely that the @entity458 and PRL responses of m-CPP are mediated by @entity29235 receptors, and the cardiodepressive effects by @entity10463 receptors. Increases in BP appear to be primarily mediated by stimulation of 5-HT2 receptors. Both adrenergic and serotonergic mechanisms are involved in HR responses. The @entity2922 responses to m-CPP appear to be partially mediated by @entity50568 receptors and also by nonserotonergic mechanisms.

title: Different @entity750 receptors mediate blood pressure, heart rate, plasma @entity2922 and XXXX responses to @entity15015 in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity15015 :: ('MESH:C015068', 'Chemical') :: ['m-chlorophenylpiperazine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine', 'Norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ketanserin']

entities_list: @entity7301 :: ('MESH:D016713', 'Chemical') :: ['ritanserin']

entities_list: @entity6704 :: ('MESH:C005894', 'Chemical') :: ['xylamidine']

entities_list: @entity6521 :: ('MESH:D008711', 'Chemical') :: ['metergoline']

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Loss of myocytes is an important mechanism in the development of @entity712 of either @entity63 or nonischemic origin. However, whether programmed cell death (apoptosis) is implicated in the terminal stages of @entity712 is not known. We therefore studied the magnitude of myocyte apoptosis in @entity1 with intractable @entity712 . METHODS: Myocardial samples were obtained from the hearts of 36 @entity1 who underwent cardiac transplantation and from the hearts of 3 @entity1 who died soon after @entity583 . Samples from 11 normal hearts were used as controls. Apoptosis was evaluated histochemically, biochemically, and by a combination of histochemical analysis and confocal microscopy. The expression of two proto-oncogenes that influence apoptosis, @entity588 and @entity589 , was also determined. RESULTS: @entity712 was characterized morphologically by a 232-fold increase in myocyte apoptosis and biochemically by DNA laddering (an indicator of apoptosis). The histochemical demonstration of DNA-strand breaks in myocyte nuclei was coupled with the documentation of chromatin condensation and fragmentation by confocal microscopy. All these findings reflect apoptosis of myocytes. The percentage of myocytes labeled with @entity588 (which protects cells against apoptosis) was 1.8 times as high in the hearts of @entity1 with @entity712 as in the normal hearts, whereas labeling with @entity589 (which promotes apoptosis) remained constant. The near doubling of the expression of @entity588 in the cardiac tissue of @entity1 with @entity712 was confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS: Programmed death of myocytes occurs in the decompensated @entity1 heart in spite of the enhanced expression of @entity588 ; this phenomenon may contribute to the progression of @entity299 .

title: Apoptosis in the failing XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Heart failure', 'cardiac failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New biomarkers are needed to detect @entity2615 at an earlier stage and to individualize treatment strategies. We investigated whether @entity21378 in plasma and @entity1143 could meet sensitivity and specificity criteria for a robust biomarker. METHODS: We measured @entity21378 levels in plasma (from 92 @entity1 with @entity2615 , 136 @entity1355 -exposed @entity1 without @entity5 , 93 @entity1 with effusions not due to @entity2615 , and 43 healthy controls), effusions (from 74 @entity1 with @entity2615 , 39 with benign effusions, and 54 with malignant effusions not due to @entity2615 ), or both. A blinded validation was subsequently performed. @entity5 tissue was examined for @entity21378 by immunohistochemical analysis, and levels of @entity21378 in plasma and effusions were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Plasma @entity21378 levels did not vary according to age, sex, duration of @entity1355 exposure, or degree of radiographic changes and were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2615 (105  7 ng per milliliter in the Detroit cohort and 113  8 ng per milliliter in the New York cohort) than in @entity1355 -exposed @entity1 without @entity2615 (14  1 ng per milliliter and 24  1 ng per milliliter, respectively; P<0.001). Effusion @entity21378 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2615 (694  37 ng per milliliter in the Detroit cohort and 636  92 ng per milliliter in the New York cohort) than in @entity1 with effusions not due to @entity2615 (212  25 and 151  23 ng per milliliter, respectively; P<0.001). @entity21378 preferentially stained @entity5 cells in 26 of 26 samples. In an overall comparison of @entity1 with and those without @entity2615 , the receiver-operating-characteristic curve for plasma @entity21378 levels had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 95.5% at a cutoff value of 52.8 ng of @entity21378 per milliliter. In a comparison of @entity1 with early-stage @entity2615 with @entity1355 -exposed @entity1 , the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 94.1% at a cutoff value of 46.0 ng of @entity21378 per milliliter. Blinded validation revealed an area under the curve of 0.87 for plasma specimens from 96 @entity1355 -exposed @entity1 as compared with 48 @entity1 with @entity2615 . CONCLUSIONS: Plasma @entity21378 levels can distinguish healthy @entity1 with exposure to @entity1355 from @entity1 with @entity2615 . In conjunction with effusion @entity21378 levels, plasma @entity21378 levels can further differentiate @entity2615 effusions from other malignant and benign effusions. (Funded by the Early Detection Research Network, National Institutes of Health, and others.).

title: XXXX as a blood and effusion biomarker for @entity2615 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesothelioma', 'mesothelioma']

answer: @entity21378 :: (2202,Gene) :: ['Fibulin-3']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effect of intravitreal @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in the treatment of @entity4816 due to @entity2403 and to evaluate the changes in aqueous humor cytokines after intravitreal @entity1500 . METHODS: Seven eyes of seven @entity1 with @entity2403 were assessed. @entity1 had unilaterally active @entity4816 that failed to respond to conventional treatment, together with a history of @entity2790 or intolerance to @entity228 administration. Intravitreal injection of 400  g @entity1500 was given monthly until visual acuity and @entity32 were stable. @entity7462 samples were obtained from the @entity1 before @entity1500 injection and from nine eyes during @entity231 surgery as a control group. Changes in visual acuity with the Early Treatment @entity6 Study Chart, fluorescein angiographic leakage, and ocular complications associated with intravitreal injection were analyzed. @entity7462 cytokine levels were measured by proteomic analysis using a multianalyte biochip array system. RESULTS: Visual acuity improved significantly during a mean follow-up of 24.9    8.2 weeks with a mean improvement from baseline visual acuity of 3.3    2.6 lines after a mean of 4.3    1.0 injections. Six @entity1 (85.7%) showed an increase in visual acuity by 3 or more lines, and 4 @entity1 exhibited a decrease in @entity941 leakage. Change in intraocular pressure after intravitreal @entity1500 was not significant. The aqueous humor levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity7 , and @entity2842 were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2403 compared with controls. The levels of @entity650 and @entity687 were significantly reduced at 4 weeks after intravitreal @entity1500 , whereas those of @entity7 and @entity2842 were not reduced. CONCLUSION: Increased intraocular levels of @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity7 , and @entity2842 may be responsible for @entity4816 in @entity2403 . Intravitreal @entity1500 was associated with a significant reduction of @entity650 and @entity687 levels and was effective and well tolerated even in @entity134 responders with @entity4816 due to @entity2403 .

title: Effect of intravitreal @entity1499 and aqueous humor cytokine levels in @entity4816 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['Aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein 1']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['Behcet disease']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'refractory retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity2403 :: (MESH:D001528,Disease) :: ['Behcet disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: A case of iatrogenic @entity7665 @entity2694 is presented to call attention to its distinct histopathologic appearance, mechanism of organism, virulence, and clinical management. METHODS: Clinicopathologic analysis of an @entity2694 caused by @entity7665 is described. Detailed histologic analysis is performed to provide insight into the mechanism of @entity281 and correlate the features of the @entity2694 with that of @entity4593 at other body sites. RESULTS: A 71-year-old @entity1 had an orbital mass in the supranasal orbit after a blepharoplasty. The mass consisted of a dimorphic inflammatory reaction with a superficial purulent reaction and a deeper granulomatous process consisting of epithelioid tubercles, each centered about a lipid vacuole. Acid-fast bacilli were found in the lipid vacuoles but not elsewhere in the specimen. Each tubercle was surrounded by a zone of lymphocytes and a @entity2269 . Microbiologic culture studies identified @entity7665 . A combination of surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks eliminated the @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Acid-fast stains should be performed on any orbital lesion showing an apparent lipogranulomatous reaction. Although clinical management of orbital atypical microbacteriosis is difficult, the combination of surgical and specific antimicrobial intervention is effective. Our study contributes to an evolving understanding of the mechanism of @entity1 infectivity of these low-virulence organisms by suggesting that the orbital fat is a source of lipid material that can harbor the organisms, allowing them to escape host immunosurveillance.

title: Orbital lipogranulomatous inflammation harboring XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic reaction']

entities_list: @entity4593 :: ('MESH:D009165', 'Disease') :: ['atypical mycobacteriosis']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7665 :: ('36809', 'Species') :: ['M. abscessus', 'Mycobacterium abscessus']

answer: @entity7665 :: (36809,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium abscessus']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is generally accepted that septic conditions of the shoulder often lead to an earnest situation with @entity16 . Because of the low incidence of shoulder infections there are only a few cases reported in the literature. Therefore, unlike joint infections of the knee no diagnostic and therapeutic standard procedure is documented for the shoulder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study the results of 15 @entity1 with a surgical revision at the BG-Clinic-Bergmannsheil-Bochum between 1 January 1989 and 31 August 1999 after an @entity281 of the shoulder joint were analyzed. We registered the following parameters: etiology, intervall until the first clinical symptoms, clinical signs, diagnostic procedure, intraoperative site (G  chter classification), and operative treatment. The diagnostic procedure followed an algorithm, including @entity1851 -determination, ultrasound of the shoulder, ultrasound-guided aspiration and a Gram stain. If the result was positive, surgical joint revision followed. The @entity281 stage was classified intraoperatively according to the criteria of the G  chter classification. Eight @entity1 were reexamined after an average follow-up of 4.8 years. RESULTS: Fourteen infections followed injection. All @entity1 demonstrated increasing @entity1851 levels and a @entity158 . In all Gram stains we detected bacterial organisms. The diagnosis of an @entity697 according to the criteria of this diagnostic algorithm was verified intraoperatively in all 15 joints. Two @entity1 with delayed admission died postoperatively due to @entity177 despite maximal treatment under intensive care conditions. CONCLUSION: If there are suspicious clinical symptoms after a typical anamnesis, we recommend an immediate diagnostic algorithm, including @entity1851 determination, ultrasound of the shoulder, ultrasound-guided joint puncture and a Gram stain. If there is acute @entity281 , time-consuming diagnostic procedures must be avoided because of the risk of secondary reduced joint mobility or life-threatening complications.

title: [The diagnostic concept of XXXX of the shoulder joint].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['septic multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'joint infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful limited range of motion']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are limited investigations of brief interventions to facilitate treatment entry among individuals with substance use disorders. This study investigated the effectiveness of brief motivational feedback (BMF) for increasing entry into intensive @entity734 treatment in veteran @entity1 . METHODS: Veteran @entity1 (N = 84) with substance use disorders referred for an intake assessment in a @entity734 specialty clinic received either (i) intake assessment plus BMF or (ii) intake assessment as usual (AAU). BMF consisted of brief motivational enhancement feedback pertaining to estimates of @entity167 and drug consumption, money spent on drugs and @entity167 , and self-reported problems due to @entity734 . Primary outcome was entry in treatment groups in an intensive outpatient program for @entity734 . RESULTS: @entity1 in BMF and AAU conditions did not significantly differ on indices of treatment entry. However, among @entity1 with comorbid substance dependence and @entity146 , those who received BMF were significantly more likely to enter outpatient treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of motivational feedback to a standard intake assessment enhanced @entity734 treatment entry among veteran @entity1 with comorbid substance use disorders and @entity146 . These preliminary findings extend the use of motivational feedback to facilitate entry into @entity734 treatment among veteran @entity1 with comorbid substance use and @entity146 . Furthermore, they suggest opportunity for more effective @entity1 -treatment matching based on initial motivation and other individual factors such as @entity146 comorbidity.

title: Brief motivational feedback may enhance treatment entry in veterans with comorbid substance use and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: A @entity1 with obstructive @entity387 and congenital temporal and cervical @entity2695 developed severe @entity10 under nasal BiPAP ventilation. Internal @entity1276 was diagnosed by @entity6852 and MRI and rise of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) under artificial ventilation was supposed. Polysomnography, @entity428 -measurement with a ventricular catheter and resistance to outflow-measurement were used to clarify differential diagnosis. During periods of @entity428 was raised severely with a maximum in REM-sleep. With nasal ventilation no @entity386 was observed and @entity428 was normalized. Resistance to outflow was normal. A disturbance of CSF-dynamics or CSF-absorption leading to the @entity1 's @entity10 could be excluded. Duplex-sonography and cerebral angiography did not provide further information. After exclusion of other causes artificial respiration dependent swelling of the subcutaneous temporal and cervical @entity2695 was the most likely cause triggering the @entity10 . A sufficient therapy however was not yet available. Probably the @entity1 suffers from an abortive form of a Sturge-Weber-Krabbe-Dimitri-Syndrome.

title: [Intracranial pressure in @entity387 , XXXX and @entity2695 . A case report].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-apnea-syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure', 'apnea ICP']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Individuals with nonvalvular @entity955 are at increased risk of @entity64 . The @entity64 Prevention in @entity955 Study is a 15-center randomized clinical trial examining the risks and benefits of low-intensity @entity1229 (prothrombin time of 1.3-1.8 times control) and @entity117 (325 mg/day) in @entity1 with constant or intermittent @entity955 . Candidates for anticoagulation (group I) are randomized to receive @entity1229 in an open-label fashion, @entity117 , or placebo; the last two treatments are given in a double-blind fashion. @entity1229 -ineligible @entity1 (group II) are randomized to receive @entity117 or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Primary end points are @entity385 . Secondary end points are death, transient @entity63 attack, @entity583 , and unstable @entity951 . Analysis is based on the intention-to-treat principle. The anticipated rate of primary end points in @entity1 receiving placebo is 6%/yr. The sample size of 1,644 @entity1 is based on a projected reduction in the rate of primary end points of 50% by @entity1229 and of 33% by @entity117 (beta = 0.2, alpha = 0.05). @entity1 entry commenced in June 1987 and will continue for 3 years, with an additional year of follow-up. High-risk subsamples identified by clinical and echocardiographic criteria are sought prospectively.

title: Design of a multicenter randomized trial for the XXXX Prevention in @entity955 Study. The @entity64 Prevention in @entity955 Investigators.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial Fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke and systemic embolism']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Experimental results from cultured cells suggest that there is cross-talk between @entity842 (NO) and @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) in their anti-apoptotic effect. However, the cross-talk between these two molecules in either direction has not been confirmed in the whole organ or whole animal level. The aim of the present study was to determine whether @entity13436 may play a role in the anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of NO in @entity741 /reperfusion (MI/R). METHODS: Isolated perfused @entity19 hearts were subjected to 20 min of global @entity63 and 120 min of reperfusion and treated with vehicle or an NO donor (SNAP, 10 muM) during reperfusion. To determine the role of @entity8837 in the anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of NO, hearts were pre-treated (10 min before @entity63 ) with @entity5732 , a selective @entity8838 inhibitor (1 muM). RESULTS: Treatment with SNAP exerted significant cardioprotective effects as evidenced by reduced cardiac apoptosis (TUNEL and @entity185 activity, p < 0.01), and improved cardiac functional recovery (p < 0.01). In addition, treatment with SNAP resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in @entity13436 activation when compared with heart receiving vehicle. Pre-treatment with @entity5732 slightly increased post- @entity63 myocardial apoptosis but had no significant effect on cardiac functional recovery in this isolated perfused heart model. However, treatment with @entity5732 completely blocked SNAP-induced @entity13436 activation and markedly, although not completely, inhibited the cardioprotection exerted by SNAP. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that @entity842 exerts its anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects, at least in part, by activation of @entity13436 in @entity63 /reperfused heart.

title: Role of @entity8837 in the anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of XXXX after @entity741 and reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: It is generally accepted that the @entity56 depends on the levels of specific IgE, on the concentration of blocking antibodies and on the capacity of the basophils to release mediators. The fact that in the @entity112 release test (HRT) all of the elements intervening in an @entity56 (antigens, IgE, basophils and mononuclear cells of a lymphoid origin) have been found, has led some authors to consider it as the most suitable method of "in vitro" diagnosis. This is a reflection of what biologically occurs "in vivo". Furthermore, the HRT can be used as a control parameter following immunotherapy, permitting us not only to quantify the level of blocking antibodies but also to study the possible presence of a control mechanism of @entity112 release. Accordingly, in a group of 50 @entity1 with @entity565 we carried out a HRT, skin tests (prick test) and Rast with house dust, @entity7130 and @entity8786 . In another group comprising 74 subjects with @entity56 (45 with @entity9590 ) we performed a HRT with aeroallergens. This group was subjected to immunotherapy (dust with mites) for a year. Following this treatment another HRT was carried out with house dust, @entity7130 and @entity8786 . With regard to our results in the first group we obtained 80% agreement in the HRT/prick test/Rast for house dust and @entity7130 and 78% agreement for @entity8786 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The XXXX liberation test as a diagnostic parameter and its possible modification following specific immunotherapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['extrinsic asthma']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'extrinsic allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of @entity2614 after severe @entity63 . We also examined the relationship between the duration of @entity63 and neuronal cell death. METHODS: Male @entity35 (300-380 g) were subjected to 6 (each n = 6) or 10 min (each n = 10) of near-complete forebrain @entity63 while anesthetized with either 50 mg/kg of @entity25169 given intraperitoneally or inhaled @entity2614 (2.3%). @entity63 was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion plus @entity551 (26-30 mmHg). Histologic outcomes were measured 7 days after @entity63 in @entity1249 pyramidal cells of the @entity35 hippocampus. RESULTS: The mean percentage of @entity39 cells in the hippocampal @entity1249 area decreased in the @entity2614 group compared to the @entity25169 group (25% vs. 40% after 6 min @entity63 , respectively: P = 0.004 and 44% vs. 54% after 10 min of @entity63 , respectively P = 0.03). The percentage of apoptotic cells was similar in all groups. The percentage of @entity39 cells in each anesthetic groups was significantly higher in the 10 min @entity63 group compared to the 6 min @entity63 group (P = 0.004 in the @entity2614 group, P = 0.03 in the @entity25169 group). CONCLUSIONS: The present data show that @entity2614 has neuroprotective effects in @entity35 subjected to near-complete @entity2806 . Longer duration of @entity63 is associated with more @entity528 when compared to @entity63 of shorter duration.

title: Effects of @entity2614 on @entity528 after severe XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'forebrain ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Angiogenesis is believed to play an important role in @entity5 progression and @entity3 . Previous studies have suggested that the microvessel density (MVD) of @entity263 may be of prognostic value. This study investigated the reliability of assessing MVD in radical prostatectomy specimens and its value as an independent prognostic indicator in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 . METHODS: One hundred radical prostatectomy specimens from 1993 to 1995 were randomly selected for this study. Thirteen cases were excluded because the @entity1 had undergone neoadjuvant hormonal therapy or tissue blocks were unavailable. The median follow-up time was 36 months. @entity5 were immunostained using the endothelial-specific antibody @entity2279 . MVD was counted in areas with the greatest microvessel immunostaining, which were designated "hot spots." MVD was analyzed for associations with clinical and pathologic factors. In a subset of 60 cases, the same observer repeated the counts three times. RESULTS: Intraobserver reliability for MVD counting was excellent (reliability coefficient 0.82), demonstrating that this method could be reproduced by a single observer. MVD was not associated with Gleason sum, @entity5 stage, surgical margin status, or seminal vesicle invasion. Of the 87 @entity1 , 20 (23%) had a @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) failure during a 36-month median follow-up time. As expected, Gleason sum and @entity5 stage were strong predictors of @entity1486 failure, with risk ratios of 2.1 and 2.3, respectively. In contrast, MVD was not associated with @entity1486 failure. CONCLUSIONS: MVD, as determined by @entity2279 , can be reliably measured by a single observer, but it is not a useful prognostic indicator for @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 .

title: Microvessel density in XXXX : lack of correlation with @entity5 grade, pathologic stage, and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumors', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor blocks']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare @entity5 with an incidence of approximately 0.5-2 cases per million per year. Diagnosis is mostly delayed and prognosis is poor. We report our experiences with 11 @entity1 operated on within the last 10 years. @entity1 /METHODS: The data of the @entity1 with @entity1636 were reviewed and presenting symptoms, diagnostic procedures, treatment and results of follow-up were evaluated. RESULTS: The group of @entity1 consisted of eight @entity1 and three @entity1 with a mean age of 40.2 (15-57) years. Median follow-up was 16 (1-71) months. Six @entity1 presented with @entity699 , two presented with @entity23718 and hirsutism caused by @entity342 -producing @entity5 . Three @entity1 had hormonally inactive @entity5 . At the time of diagnosis, five @entity5 were classified as stage II, two as stage III and four as stage IV. Four @entity1 had @entity5 with intravascular extension, prompting recurrence in two cases. Eight adrenalectomies, one resection of local recurrence, one adrenalectomy with splenectomy and one adrenalectomy and resection of a liver metastasis were performed. Five @entity1 received additional chemotherapy. Five of the 11 @entity1 are still alive (three stage II, one stage III and one stage IV at the time of diagnosis), three of whom have no evidence of disease (14, 48 and 71 months after surgery). The other six @entity1 died after a median postoperative period of 10 (1-21) months. CONCLUSIONS: Venography should be performed prior to surgery to detect or exclude @entity5 masses in the suprarenal vein, @entity8 . Radical surgery is the only curative approach and is recommended for all @entity1 with resectable @entity5 , including those @entity1 with recurrent disease. There is no consensus concerning adjuvant therapy. The value of multidisciplinary strategies needs to be assessed in multicentre trials.

title: XXXX --our experience with 11 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal vein or inferior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: The growth rate of a @entity1 @entity189 , @entity13434 , was significantly reduced in athymic " @entity19 fed fish oil. @entity5 from the fish oil-fed animals also showed a greater sensitivity to two anti-neoplastic agents, @entity1138 and @entity632 . Mitochondria were isolated from control livers, host livers and @entity5 from fish oil- and @entity4336 oil-fed animals, and increased levels of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were found in mitochondrial lipids in all three tissues from the fish oil-fed animals. To investigate the effect of dietary @entity9539 on lipid metabolism, the activity of the @entity8595 : @entity6211 acyltransferase and three @entity8595 desaturases were measured. @entity6211 acyltransferase activity toward all four @entity8595 substrates tested was markedly increased in mitochondria from liver by feeding fish oil. In mitochondria from @entity5 , feeding fish oil resulted in an increased activity toward only 18:3n-3. These data suggest that fish oil may induce an increase in the oxidation of @entity1718 . The @entity12591 activity was decreased in microsomes from liver and @entity5 from fish oil-fed animals. However, both the delta 6 and delta 5 desaturases were increased in @entity5 and in control liver as a result of feeding fish oil. The @entity27572 was not altered in microsomes from the host animals. The effect of fish oil on the delta 5 and delta 6 desaturases may involve alterations to metabolism of specific @entity1474 especially in the @entity5 tissue.

title: Effects of dietary fish oil on XXXX @entity189 and on lipid-metabolizing enzymes.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine', 'Carnitine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity432 ( @entity432 ) promotes recanalization of large @entity432 in acute @entity385 . Despite high recanalization rates, poor clinical outcomes are common. We attempted to optimize a score that combines clinical and imaging variables to more accurately predict poor outcome after @entity432 in anterior circulation occlusions. METHODS: @entity1 with acute @entity385 undergoing @entity432 at University of Texas (UT) Houston for large @entity432 ( @entity2500 ) were reviewed. Independent predictors of poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 4-6) were studied. External validation was performed on @entity432 -treated @entity1 at Emory University. RESULTS: A total of 163 @entity1 were identified at UT Houston. Independent predictors of poor outcome (P <=0.2) were identified as score variables using sensitivity analysis and logistic regression. Houston Intra-Arterial Therapy 2 (HIAT2) score ranges 0 to 10: age ( <=59=0, 60-79=2, >= 80 years=4), @entity413 (<150=0, >= 150=1), National Institute Health @entity64 Scale ( <=10=0, 11-20=1, >= 21=2), the Alberta @entity64 Program Early CT Score (8-10=0,  <=7=3). @entity1 with HIAT2>= 5 were more likely to have poor outcomes at discharge (odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval, 2.75-15.02; P<0.001). After adjusting for reperfusion (Thrombolysis in @entity385 score>= 2b) and time from symptom onset to recanalization, HIAT2>= 5 remained an independent predictor of poor outcome (odds ratio, 5.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.96-17.64; P=0.02). Results from the cohort of Emory (198 @entity1 ) were consistent; @entity1 with HIAT2 score>= 5 had 6* greater odds of poor outcome at discharge and at 90 days. HIAT2 outperformed other previously published predictive scores. CONCLUSIONS: The HIAT2 score, which combines clinical and imaging variables, performed better than all previous scores in predicting poor outcome after @entity432 for anterior circulation large @entity432 .

title: Optimizing prediction scores for poor outcome after intra-arterial therapy in anterior circulation acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery or internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['IAT', 'artery occlusions', 'Intra-arterial therapy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Cerebral Infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: A cooperative randomized study was begun in August 1983 to compare a sequential program of induction chemotherapy followed by definitive treatment, arm A, with an alternation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (three courses of 20 Gy in ten daily fractions), arm B. The same chemotherapy was used in both arms: 6 mg/m2, @entity5713 , hour 0; 30 mg, @entity1732 , hour 6; 200 mg, @entity1499 , hours 24 to 26; 45 mg, @entity4181 , hour 48. One hundred sixteen @entity1 entered the study, 55 in arm A and 61 in arm B. The @entity1 all had previously untreated @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Forty-five @entity1 had stage III and 71 had stage IV disease. The two arms were fully comparable. As of April 1986, 116 @entity1 were evaluable for survival, while 112 were evaluable for @entity137 and 105 for response. Response analysis shows that there were 14 complete responses (CR) and 11 partial responses (PR), for an overall response rate (ORR) of 52% in arm A, and 30 CRs and seven PRs, for an ORR of 64.9% in arm B. The difference in terms of CR between the two arms was statistically significant (P less than .03). Progression-free survival (PFS) was also statistically different, with an advantage for arm B (P less than .05), but without differences in overall survival. Arm B correlates with a significant increase in @entity33 compared with arm A (P less than .001).

title: Sequential versus alternating chemotherapy and radiotherapy in stage III-IV XXXX : a phase III study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck']


abstract: A 76-year-old female struck her head in the parietal region and noticed a soft scalp mass. Approximately 3 months later, the mass was enlarged and she was evaluated at a local hospital. Although the tentative diagnosis was old subcutaneous @entity1410 , incision of the scalp revealed not @entity1410 but rather a tissue and @entity154 . On admission to the authors' institution, she was found to have a round, smooth, subcutaneous mass in the upper left parietal region. The @entity5 was about 5 cm in diameter and 4 cm in height, and was soft, nonpainful, and pulsatile. Plain X-rays revealed an @entity690 in the left parietal bone. Computed tomography demonstrated a high-density lesion corresponding to the @entity154 , which was homogeneously enhanced by contrast material. Left external carotid angiography showed the mass to be vascular, its main feeder being the middle meningeal artery. It was concluded that the @entity5 originated from the diplo  . The @entity5 was subtotally removed, and histopathological examination showed it to be a @entity6872 . Laboratory tests, including protein electrophoresis, disclosed @entity4754 with M-spikes. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated a serum paraprotein of immunoglobulin G kappa specificity. @entity1582 diffusely involving bone is well known, but a soft mass alone with a @entity154 in the cranial vault is very rare. The clinical features and treatment of silent, solitary masses associated with multiple @entity1582 are discussed.

title: [ @entity1582 manifesting as a solitary XXXX . Case report].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defect']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cranial tumor']


abstract: A 72 year-old-male was referred to our institution with recalcitrant @entity2585 . The injury was sustained after striking his right knee against a post whilst @entity1641 riding 9 months ago. Previous treatments included repeated @entity1173 and excision of the bursa with elastic compression bandaging. A diagnosis of a Morel-Lavall  e internal degloving injury was made, and the lesion was satisfactorily managed by an internal quilting procedure to eliminate the potential dead space. A review of the literature reveals 29 published reports of Morel-Lavall  e lesions with sufficient information for inclusion. These came from 14 separate countries with a total of 204 lesions in 195 @entity1 . The most common anatomical location was the greater trochanter/hip (36%), followed by the thigh (24%) and the pelvis (19%). Most were managed surgically with evacuation of the haematoma and @entity39 tissue followed by debridement, which was often repeated (36%). Conservative treatment with percutaneous @entity1173 and compression bandaging was the next most common treatment (23%). The knee was the fourth most common region affected (16%), and only 3 other lesions in the literature have been managed with a quilting procedure.

title: The morel-lavall  e lesion as a rare differential diagnosis for recalcitrant XXXX of the knee: case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['prepatellar bursitis']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity2585 :: (MESH:D002062,Disease) :: ['bursitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Autoimmune @entity5714 is characterized by the production of autoantibodies against erythrocyte membrane antigens. This study was carried out to identify the clinical, immunological and outcome characteristics of @entity5506 @entity1 treated at the (HC-UFMG) Pediatric Hematology Unit and the Hemocentro de Belo Horizonte. METHODS: We evaluated 17 @entity1 younger than 15 years old admitted from 1988 to 2003 were evaluated. Autoimmune @entity5714 diagnosis was based on the presence of acquired @entity2142 and confirmed by positive direct Coombs polyspecific test results. Clinical, laboratory, and outcome data were obtained from @entity1 records. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 10.5 months. The direct Coombs polyspecific test was positive in 13 and negative in four @entity1 . Monospecific testing was performed for 14 @entity1 . The most frequent red cell autoantibody was IgG (five @entity1 ), followed by IgM in two. Thirteen @entity1 had severe @entity417 and needed blood transfusions. Underlying diseases were identified in four @entity1 : @entity1252 , @entity978 , @entity775 and @entity1222 . The remaining @entity1 were classified as having @entity66 . The median follow-up period was 11 months (5 to 23 months). Three @entity1 died, two after splenectomy and one with complications of the underlying disease. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune @entity5714 is rare in @entity1 and adolescents. Although @entity1 usually respond to @entity288 and/or immunoglobulin, fatal cases can occur. Prognosis is worse in @entity1 with chronic underlying diseases.

title: Clinical course of XXXX : an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although sonography is the primary imaging technique for evaluating the developing fetus, significant limitations exist in the sonographic prenatal diagnosis of many @entity75 . Fast MR imaging is increasingly being used to determine the underlying cause of nonspecific @entity2241 detected sonographically and to confirm or provide further support for such anomalies. Our goal was to determine the value of MR imaging in establishing the diagnosis of @entity2241 , to ascertain how this information might be used for @entity1 counseling, and to assess its impact on pregnancy management. METHODS: We prospectively performed MR examinations of 73 fetuses (66 pregnancies) with suspected @entity149 and compared these with available fetal sonograms, postnatal images, and clinical examinations. Retrospectively, the impact on @entity1 counseling and pregnancy management was analyzed. RESULTS: Images of diagnostic quality were routinely obtained with in utero MR imaging, which was particularly valuable in detecting @entity3664 , @entity16282 , and @entity600 , and for providing excellent anatomic information. We believe that 24 (46%) of 52 clinical cases were managed differently from the way they would have been on the basis of sonographic findings alone. In every case, the referring physicians thought that MR imaging provided a measure of confidence that was not previously available and that was valuable for counseling @entity1 and for making more informed decisions. CONCLUSION: Sonography is the leading technique for fetal assessment and provides reliable, inexpensive diagnostic images. Fast MR imaging is an important adjunctive tool for prenatal imaging in those instances in which a @entity154 is suspected by sonography, when fetal surgery is contemplated, or when a definitive diagnosis cannot be determined.

title: Fast MR imaging of XXXX in utero.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['complex anomaly']

entities_list: @entity16282 :: ('MESH:D058540', 'Disease') :: ['callosal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity3664 :: ('MESH:C548481', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa malformations']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal CNS anomalies', 'fetal CNS abnormalities']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal CNS anomalies']


abstract: Typical absences are brief (seconds) generalised @entity410 of sudden onset and termination. They have 2 essential components: clinically, the @entity1662 (absence) and, generalised 3 to 4Hz spike/polyspike and slow wave discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG). They differ fundamentally from other @entity410 and are pharmacologically unique. Their clinical and EEG manifestations are syndrome-related. @entity1662 may be severe, moderate, mild or inconspicuous. This is often associated with motor manifestations, @entity10804 and autonomic disturbances. @entity3173 or in combination are motor symptoms; myoclonia, mainly of facial muscles, is the most common. The ictal EEG discharge may be consistently brief (2 to 5 seconds) or long (15 to 30 seconds), continuous or fragmented, with single or multiple spikes associated with the slow wave. The intradischarge frequency may be constant or may vary (2.5 to 5Hz). Typical absences are easily precipitated by hyperventilation in about 90% of untreated @entity1 . They are usually spontaneous, but can be triggered by photic, pattern, video games stimuli, and mental or emotional factors. Typical absences usually start in childhood or adolescence. They occur in around 10 to 15% of adults with @entity302 , often combined with other generalised @entity410 . They may remit with age or be lifelong. Syndromic diagnosis is important for treatment strategies and prognosis. Absences may be severe and the only @entity410 type, as in childhood @entity2048 . They may predominate in other syndromes or be mild and nonpredominant in syndromes such as @entity3149 where @entity2045 and generalised @entity410 are the main concern. Typical @entity159 epilepticus occurs in about 30% of @entity1 and is more common in certain syndromes, e.g. @entity3762 with perioral myoclonia or phantom absences. @entity2048 are often easy to diagnose and treat. @entity1092 , @entity17979 and @entity2812 , alone or in combination, are first-line therapy. @entity1092 controls absences in 75% of @entity1 and also GTCS (70%) and @entity2045 (75%); however, it may be undesirable for some @entity1 . Similarly, @entity2812 may control absences and GTCS in possibly 50 to 60% of @entity1 , but may worsen @entity2045 ; @entity1910 are common. @entity17979 controls 70% of absences, but it is unsuitable as monotherapy if other generalised @entity410 coexist. A combination of any of these 3 drugs may be needed for resistant cases. Low dosages of @entity2812 added to @entity1092 may have a dramatic beneficial effect. @entity2053 , particularly in absences with @entity2483 , and @entity3791 may be useful adjunctive drugs.

title: Treatment of typical XXXX and related @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic clonic seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['skin rashes']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid', 'Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['Clonic, tonic and atonic components alone']

entities_list: @entity10804 :: ('MESH:C537069', 'Disease') :: ['automatisms']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic components']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['Typical absence seizures', 'absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness', 'Impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity17979 :: ('MESH:D005013', 'Chemical') :: ['ethosuximide', 'Ethosuximide']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalised epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['absence status']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['Clonazepam']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To elicit a long-lasting antitumor immune response, @entity405 + and @entity404 + T cells should be activated. We attempted to isolate HLA-DR-presented peptides directly from dissected solid @entity5 , in particular from @entity1358 , to identify MHC class II ligands from @entity5 -associated antigens ( @entity2796 ) for their use in peptide-based immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tumor specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for their HLA class II expression. HLA class II peptides were subsequently isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. Gene expression analysis was done to detect genes overexpressed in @entity5 tissue. Peptides from identified TAAs were used to induce peptide-specific @entity404 + T-cell responses in healthy donors and in @entity5 @entity1 . RESULTS: In the absence of @entity32 , expression of MHC class II molecules is mainly restricted to cells of the immune system. To our surprise, we were able to isolate and characterize hundreds of class II peptides directly from primary dissected solid @entity5 , especially from @entity1358 , and from @entity14 and @entity1606 . Infiltrating leukocytes expressed MHC class II molecules and @entity5 cells, very likely under the influence of @entity379 . Our list of identified peptides contains ligands from several TAAs, including @entity2301 and @entity1917 . The latter bound promiscuously to HLA-DR molecules and were able to elicit @entity404 + T-cell responses. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, our direct approach will rapidly expand the limited number of T-helper epitopes from TAAs for their use in clinical vaccination protocols.

title: Unexpected abundance of HLA class II presented peptides in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1917 :: ('4316', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 7']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinomas']


abstract: Induction chemotherapy of low-dose @entity3003 , 120-hour continuous infusion @entity1487 and UFT was applied to 22 @entity1 with untreated @entity135 . @entity3003 75 mg/m2 was given on day 1 and, subsequently, @entity1487 1,500 mg/m2/day for 120-hour continuous infusion was started. UFT was administered every day orally at 400-600 mg/day as biochemical modulation. If @entity5 were reduced and side effects were mild, these schedules were repeated after two weeks. Three @entity1 (14%) achieved a CR and 11 (50%) a PR, for an overall response rate of 64%. @entity448 , @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity3136 were the predominant @entity137 . They were mild and well tolerable, although severe @entity294 was observed in one case. Good general conditions of @entity1 were kept because of low grade of @entity137 . They were important factors for the tolerance of subsequent radiotherapy and surgery. Based on these results, we conclude that the combination of low-dose @entity3003 , @entity1487 and UFT as biochemical modulation is effective in @entity135 .

title: [The effect of induction chemotherapy with @entity3003 , @entity1487 and UFT in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['Anorexia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the concept that the spongy urethra is a unique entity clinical evidence suggests the existence of segmental structural differences. The spongy urethra has a vascular nature, its cells may express different phenotypes and the extracellular matrix that they synthesize should reflect these differences. Glycosaminoglycans are components of the extracellular matrix that have key roles in the normal physiology and pathology of several tissues. Although total collagen content of the urethra was determined, we also analyzed urethral glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh, macroscopically normal cadaveric urethral samples were obtained from 15 @entity1 who died at a mean age of 25.4 years. The urethra was divided into glanular, penile and bulbar segments, which were then analyzed separately. Total GAG concentration was assessed by @entity50017 assay and expressed as microg. @entity50017 per mg. dry tissue, while the proportions of sulfated GAGs were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. Hyaluronan concentration was determined by ion exchange chromatography and total tissue collagen was estimated as @entity720 content. RESULTS: Total GAG concentration was heterogeneous along the spongy urethra (p <0.001). Mean values plus or minus standard deviation in the glanular, penile and bulbar segments were 2.53 +/- 0.42, 2.11 +/- 0.47 and 1.47 +/- 0.4 microg./mg., respectively. The most predominant GAG was hyaluronan and its highest mean concentration of 50.1% +/- 3.7% was found in the glanular urethra. The most predominant sulfated GAG in the male urethra was dermatan @entity597 , followed by @entity12006 and heparan @entity597 . Total collagen content and the GAG-to-collagen ratio varied along the spongy urethra and were lowest in the bulbar segment. CONCLUSIONS: The extracellular matrix of the @entity1 spongy urethra shows regional differences, as evidenced by biochemical analysis of GAG and collagen. This heterogeneity implies functional adaptations in the various segments and may affect the physiology and segmental incidence of @entity5331 .

title: Regional differences in the extracellular matrix of the XXXX spongy urethra as evidenced by the composition of glycosaminoglycans.

entities_list: @entity5331 :: ('MESH:D014522', 'Disease') :: ['urethral diseases']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity50017 :: ('CHEBI:24592', 'Chemical') :: ['hexuronic acid']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between lattice @entity2000 in different grades of @entity1714 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of 200 eyes from 124 myopic @entity1 was collected by chance. The average age was 34.8 years (20-50 years) and the @entity1714 was between 0.5 and 20 diopters (D). The eyes were grouped according to the degree of refraction defect, the mean axial length of each group (Scan A) and the frequency of lattice @entity2000 and the relationship between these variables was studied. The possible influence of age on our results was also considered. For the statistical analysis, the @entity53588 .07 program with the variance analysis for quantitative variables, and chi(2) test for qualitative variables with a 5% significance were used. A multivariable linear regression model was also adjusted. RESULTS: The highest frequency of lattice @entity2000 occurred in those @entity1714 @entity1 having more than 15 D, and also in the group of @entity1714 @entity1 between 3 and 6 D, but this did not show statistical significance when compared with the other myopic groups. If the axial length is assessed, a greater frequency of lattice @entity2000 is also found when the axial length is 25-27 mm and 29-30 mm, which correspond, respectively, to @entity1714 between 3-10 D and more than 15 D. When the multivariable linear regression model was adjusted, the axial length showed the existence of lattice @entity2000 (beta 0.41 mm; p=0.08) adjusted by the number of diopters (beta 0.38 mm; p<0.001). The determination coefficient (r(2)) was also 0.86. CONCLUSIONS: The highest number of cases of lattice @entity2000 was found for @entity1714 with axial eye length between 29-30 mm (more than 15 D), and 25-27 mm (between 3-10 D).

title: [ XXXX : frequency of lattice degeneration and axial length].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration and axial length of the eye', 'retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['myopias', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['Myopia']


abstract: The paper comprises 63 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity1333 who had abnormal findings in the urine. Thirteen of these @entity1 had positive skin findings and abnormal findings in the urine, with concomitant attacks of @entity1353 as seen in @entity565 . These @entity1 account for 20% of the entire group, while there was an incidence of 37% of systemic manifestations. Skin findings: 45% had a maculopapular @entity1910 , 36% had urticarial findings, 13% had @entity110 and @entity113 and 6% had @entity113 alone. Nonspecific biologic syndrome of evolution was statistically significant while no significant changes were found in the number of white blood cells and eosinophils. The degree of @entity644 ranged from 0.1 g/L to 1.16 g/L. Most @entity1 with @entity644 above 0.25 g/L had microhematuria. Slightly over 50% of the @entity1 had signs of complement activation by the alternative pathway, along with the presence of cryoglobulins. Increased @entity112 in the serum was found in over 50% of the @entity1 although the values of @entity112 did not correlate with the degree of @entity644 . @entity644 was not detected in @entity1 with very high values of @entity112 (and without signs of @entity1333 ), which indicates that @entity112 itself responsible for changes in the glomeruli. There is a possibility that local tissue hyperhistaminemia is responsible for the increased permeability of the basal membrane of the glomeruli. According to the obtained results, the etiology of @entity644 and microhematuria should be pursued in the pathogenesis of @entity1333 as signs of complement activation indicate. Other possible causes for @entity644 were excluded. The @entity644 was selective, benign according to its course and degree, occurred concomitantly with skin findings and was absent during remission of the disease.

title: [ XXXX in dermal @entity1333 (incidence, degree and possible mechanisms of onset)].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'vasculitis of the skin']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['Proteinuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity715 of splanchnic blood vessels is one of the most difficult complications and most frequent causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity6961 . CASE OUTLINE: We report a 48-year-old @entity1 with recurring @entity548 from the upper digestive tract. Doppler ultrasonography of the portal system revealed a thrombosed portal vein, with marginal flow of 10 cm/s. Peroral fiber panendoscopy of the oesophagus showed III-IV degree varices together with varices in the stomach fundus. Blood count revealed @entity1148 (Pt. 900 x 109/l), and haematological analysis led to the diagnosis of essential thrombocythaemia. However, two years after the established diagnosis, the @entity1 was hospitalized again for @entity548 from esophageal varicosity. During @entity548 , anticoagulant therapy was discontinued. Eight days after anticoagulant discontinuation, mesenterial @entity715 and small intestinal gangrene developed. Surgical intervention was carried out, including resection of 2.5 m of the small intestine. In spite of intensive postoperative therapy, the lethal outcome ensued. CONCLUSION: The @entity548 from oesophageal and/or gastric varicosity is often the presenting manifestation of up to that time undetected @entity66 . The following question still remains open: should anticoagulant therapy be continued in the phase of acute @entity548 of these @entity1 ?

title: [Essential thrombocythaemia as a causative agent of portal vein XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6961 :: ('MESH:D009196', 'Disease') :: ['myeloproliferative disorders']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improved secondary prevention efforts, @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) recurrence among @entity1 with prior history of coronary events remains high. The differences in presentation, management, and subsequent clinical outcomes in @entity1 with and without a prior @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and presenting with another episode of @entity1187 remain unexplored. METHODS: A total of 3,624 consecutive @entity1 admitted to the University of Michigan with @entity1187 from January 1999 to June 2006 were studied retrospectively. In-hospital management, outcomes, and postdischarge outcomes such as @entity204 , @entity64 , and reinfarction in @entity1 with and without a prior @entity583 were compared. RESULTS: @entity1 with a prior @entity583 were more likely to be older and have a higher incidence of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity1095 . In-hospital outcomes were not significantly different in the 2 groups, except for a higher incidence of @entity1167 (4.3% versus 2.5%, p < 0.01) and @entity1455 (5.7% versus 3.9%, p = 0.01) among @entity1 without a prior @entity583 . However, at 6 mo postdischarge, the incidences of @entity204 (8.0% versus 4.5%, p < 0.0001) and recurrent @entity583 (10.0% versus 5.1%, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with a prior history of @entity583 compared with those without. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with prior @entity583 with recurrent @entity1187 remain at a higher risk of major adverse events on follow-up. This may be partly explained by the @entity1 not being on optimal medications at presentation, as well as disease progression. Increased efforts must be directed at prevention of recurrent @entity1187 , as well as further risk stratification of these @entity1 to improve their overall outcomes.

title: A prior @entity583 : how does it affect management and outcomes in recurrent XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection of immotile (dead) ejaculated @entity1 spermatozoa has been carried out by several centres for the treatment of @entity249 caused by severe @entity19474 (necrozoospermia). No healthy pregnancies have been reported as yet, suggesting irreversible damage to sperm DNA, centrioles and/or other important structures. We investigated this hypothesis by injection of immotile @entity1 spermatozoa obtained from several @entity4810 @entity1 into @entity19 oocytes and analysis of the oocyte activation rate and sperm chromosome integrity. Motile spermatozoa of the same sample were used as a control. The proportion of living spermatozoa among the immotile was also assessed in each sample and was related to the results of the @entity19 oocyte injection test. The oocyte activation rate after injection of immotile @entity1 spermatozoa into @entity19 oocytes was the same or only slightly lower than after injection with initially motile spermatozoa (87-100% versus 100% respectively). The rate of normal sperm chromosome spreads correlated significantly (r = 0.90, P < 0.05) with the proportion of living immotile spermatozoa in a given sample. It varied from 4 to 48% for samples containing respectively 8 and 40% of living spermatozoa. Most of the @entity19 oocytes injected and activated with immotile @entity1 spermatozoa were arrested during a prolonged period of time at the interphase of the first cell cycle (from 22 to 60%). Others underwent a delayed nuclear envelope breakdown but showed signs of abnormal structure of both male and female or only the male pronuclear chromosomes. Our data demonstrate an irreversible damage of chromosomes in dead ejaculated @entity1 spermatozoa and provide an experimental basis for recommending the use of testicular or epididymal spermatozoa for treatment of @entity4810 due to necrozoospermia.

title: Disintegration of chromosomes in dead sperm cells as revealed by injection into XXXX oocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity19474 :: ('MESH:D053627', 'Disease') :: ['asthenozoospermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of percutaneous @entity449 repair (p-EVAR). Anatomically selected @entity1 treated with a single 10Fr Perclose Prostar XL vascular closure device (VCD) were examined. Primary success rate and common femoral artery ( @entity3795 ) open conversion (OC) requirement per sheath size used were recorded. A literature review on p-EVAR results was also performed. One-hundred @entity1 were enrolled. Successful p-EVAR was achieved in 183 of the 196 @entity3795 access sites (93.4%), and was specifically 85.9% and 98.3% for sheaths >= 20Fr and  <=18Fr respectively. There were 13 periprocedural complications ( @entity548 = 10, @entity4066 and @entity715 = 1, @entity2849 = 2) all leading to OC. Use of >= 20Fr sheaths had significantly higher OC rate (P < .05). Reconstruction was achieved with primary repair (N = 11) and patch angioplasty (N = 2). Mean hospital stay was 1.8 days. The literature review (vascular closure of 2921 @entity3795 access sites) revealed an overall technical success rate of 92.3%. Device related- were more common than @entity1 related-OCs (P < .05). p-EVAR procedures are safe and feasible. Sheath size is a significant predictor of OC rate and more OCs might be expected with very large (>= 20Fr) sheath sizes.

title: Percutaneous endovascular treatment of XXXX : clinical evaluation and literature results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to determine the proportion of return to work (RTW) among sick-listed @entity1 diagnosed with one of eight subtypes of @entity1583 ; to evaluate the influence of type of @entity1583 , comorbidity, use of anxiolytics and antidepressants, socioeconomic and demographic factors on RTW; and to investigate if these associations differ between genders. METHODS: We combined data from national registers on all Danish @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1583 between 2000 and 2007. A total of 1,741 @entity1 on long-term sick leave were followed until RTW, emigration, permanent withdrawal from the labor market, @entity204 , or February 2012, whichever came first. RESULTS: A total of 1,140 (65  %) @entity1 returned to work. A strong association was found between type of diagnosis and RTW (p   <   0.001), and the proportion of RTW was lowest for @entity1 with @entity1582 or @entity3052 compared to @entity1 with @entity978 , diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity706 , @entity1860 , and @entity706 . Use of antidepressants or anxiolytics after diagnosis, gender, age, and educational level were also associated with RTW. Surprisingly, comorbidity was not associated with RTW (p   =   0.94); gender only modified the association between age and RTW. CONCLUSION: Two thirds of @entity1 with @entity1583 on sick leave RTW. A number of factors seem to lead to a poor prognosis, the hematological diagnosis being the most important, and these should be taken into account when performing studies on work outcome for @entity1 with @entity1583 . IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS: Knowledge in this area should assist in identification of hematological @entity5 @entity1 at risk of not returning to work so that early targeted rehabilitation interventions can be initiated.

title: Type of XXXX is crucial for the return to work prognosis: a register-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoid leukemia', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies', 'hematological malignancy']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancy']


abstract: @entity1 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells ( @entity1050 ) are considered to be a promising source of autologous stem cells in personalized cell-based therapies. @entity5 tracking properties of MSC provide an attractive opportunity for targeted transgene delivery into the sites of @entity5 formation. In the present study, we addressed whether the suicide gene introduction into @entity1 @entity1050 could produce a @entity5 -specific prodrug converting cellular vehicle for targeted chemotherapy. We prepared @entity375 fusion @entity5538 deaminase:: @entity5537 phosphoribosyltransferase gene-expressing cells [ @entity5538 deaminase (CD)-expressing @entity1050 ( @entity1050 )] by retrovirus transduction. We explored their therapeutic potential on a model of @entity1 @entity694 in the presence of prodrug @entity4895 ( @entity10498 ). Gene manipulation of @entity1 @entity1050 did not sensitize @entity1050 to @entity10498 , thus overcoming the inherent disadvantage of suicide effect on cellular vehicle. @entity1050 in combination with @entity10498 augmented the bystander effect and selective @entity137 on @entity5 cells HT-29 in direct coculture in vitro. We confirmed directed migration ability of @entity1050 cells HT-29 in vitro. Moreover, we achieved significant inhibition of s.c. @entity5 xenograft growth by s.c. or i.v. administered @entity1050 in immunocompromised @entity19 treated with @entity10498 . We confirmed the ability of @entity1050 to deliver the CD transgene to the site of @entity5 formation and mediate strong antitumor effect in vivo. Taken together, these data characterize MSC derived from adipose tissue as suitable delivery vehicles for prodrug converting gene and show their utility for a personalized cell-based targeted @entity5 gene therapy.

title: Adipose tissue-derived @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells mediated prodrug XXXX gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'target tumor', 'Tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['AT-MSC and CD-AT-MSC toward tumor', 'CD-AT-MSC', 'AT-MSC']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorocytosine']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity791 -related @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) has a better prognosis than other presentations of @entity791 . It is more frequent among homo-bisexual @entity1 than in other risk groups. This has raised the possibility of specific etiological agent(s) or co-factor(s) which induce its development. However, this suggestion is confusing since it implies that exposure to such agent(s) or co-factor(s) would result in an improved prognosis. Recent virological studies indicate that the @entity645 itself could be responsible for the induction or growth of @entity2826 . Since HIV antigenemia and the immunosuppression are lower among @entity2826 cases than among those with @entity1292 ( @entity1292 ), we could expect a lower level of exposure to @entity791 -related factors in @entity2826 cases as compared to @entity1292 cases. To investigate this possibility, we compared 25 cases with @entity2826 ( @entity2826 ) with 25 cases having @entity1292 without @entity2826 , among homo-bisexual @entity1 . The @entity2826 cases were more likely than @entity1292 cases to have a higher educational level. They were less likely to have inhaled @entity2648 , to have had repeated syphilis and repeated gonorrhoea, and to be promiscuous. In the multivariate analysis, the factors which best discriminated the groups were @entity3542 inhalations, history of repeated syphilis, and anonymous promiscuity ("one-night stands"). Our study does not support the hypothesized association between @entity3542 inhalations and @entity2826 . We found that cases with @entity1292 - that is, with a poor prognosis - had been exposed to @entity791 -related risk factors (e.g. history of @entity2953 , @entity3542 inhalations, promiscuity) at higher levels than cases with @entity2826 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Possible correlation between exposure to XXXX risk factors, clinical presentation in @entity791 , and subsequent prognosis.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", "Kaposi's sarcoma alone", 'KS']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['venereal diseases']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections', 'OI']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: Stereotaxically placed intracerebral microinjections of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) were used to produce selective and extensive lesions of either the dopaminergic nigro-neostriatal bundle or the dorsal and ventral noradrenergic projections in the @entity35 . The extensive damage of the noradrenergic pathways which is typically obtained after intranigral @entity2955 injections was completely prevented by pretreatment with @entity5829 . Extensive depletions (85-95%) of @entity1063 (NE) in the hypothalamus, cerebral cortices and hippocampi failed to influence either spontaneous or @entity2254 -induced locomotor activity. Neither the time course of the @entity4944 response as measured by photocell cages nor the qualitative nature of the response as determined by direct observation was significantly altered by these lesions. In contrast, selective depletion (92%) of neostriatal @entity935 (DA) after intranigral @entity2955 injections severly reduced but did not abolish @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 . At the highest dose studied (2.0 mg/kg) these animals showed an initial increase in activity but, unlike controls, failed to maintain this level. This response was probably mediated by the small remaining stores of DA in the neostriatum. @entity1766 (0.5 mg/kg) also severely attenuated but did not abolish @entity4944 -induced locomotor activity. These data are consistent with the view that ascending DA projections are a critical substrate for @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 . They furthermore suggest that ascending NE systems do not play a role in this response.

title: Ascending catecholamine pathways and XXXX -induced locomotor activity: importance of @entity935 and apparent non-involvement of @entity1063 .

entities_list: @entity1766 :: ('MESH:D010868', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimozide']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesia']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['amphetamine']


abstract: AIMS: Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGF-Rs) are among the most powerful factors regulating vascular growth. However, it has remained unknown whether stimulation of @entity9842 , @entity11132 or both of the receptors produces the best angiogenic responses in myocardium. The aim of this study was to compare the @entity9842 -specific ligand @entity56900 (186), @entity11132 -specific ligand @entity36104 and @entity1611 (165,) which stimulates both receptors, regarding their effects on @entity7499 and left ventricular function in @entity19 . METHODS AND RESULTS: High-resolution echocardiography was used to guide the closed-chest injections of adenoviral (Ad) vectors expressing @entity56900 (186,) @entity36104 , and @entity1611 (165) into the anterior wall of the left ventricle in C57Bl/6J @entity19 . Angiogenic and functional effects were analysed using histology, ultrasound and perfusion analyses 6 (D6) and 14 (D14) days after the Ad injection. AdVEGF-A(165) induced a strong angiogenic response seen as an enlargement of @entity296 whereas @entity7499 induced by AdVEGF-B(186) and AdVEGF-E seemed more physiological. The increase in the capillary area was accompanied with an increase in myocardial perfusion at D6 after the gene injection. AdVEGF-A(165) and AdVEGF-E induced endothelial-specific proliferation whereas AdVEGF-B(186) mostly induced proliferation of cardiomyocytes. AdVEGF-A(165) induced more pronounced tissue damage than AdVEGF-B(186) and AdVEGF-E. Left ventricular function measured as ejection fraction did not change during the follow-up. AdVEGF-A(165) increased both @entity9842 and @entity11132 protein expression whereas AdVEGF-B(186) and AdVEGF-E did not affect endogenous receptor expression levels. CONCLUSION: AdVEGF-B(186) and AdVEGF-E are equally potent in inducing therapeutic @entity7499 in @entity19 myocardium and produce less side effects than AdVEGF-A(165).

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity11132 ligands on angiogenic responses and left ventricular function in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial capillaries']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

answer: @entity9842 :: (14254(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VEGF-R1']


abstract: @entity136 has modest activity in the treatment of advanced @entity788 and is a potent radiosensitizer. We conducted a Phase I trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose of weekly @entity136 delivered concurrently with radiation therapy for the treatment of locally advanced @entity420 of the pancreatic head and to assess the treatment-related toxic effects associated with such a regimen. Eighteen @entity1 with pathologically proven, locally advanced @entity420 of the pancreatic head were enrolled in this study. @entity1 received seven weekly doses of @entity136 with 3000 cGy of external beam radiation therapy delivered during the first 2 weeks of therapy. Six @entity1 received @entity136 at 350 mg/m(2)/week, nine at 400 mg/m(2)/week, and three at 500 mg/m(2)/week. Grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 was observed in over half the @entity1 treated. Nonhematological @entity137 were significant and included @entity1295 , @entity448 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity2700 . Forty-four % of the @entity1 required admission to the hospital for management of @entity1209 . The risk of hospitalization appeared to be dose-related; all of the three @entity1 treated at 500 mg/m(2)/week required hospital admission during treatment. Seventeen @entity1 were evaluated for response, and eight @entity1 (47%) had evidence of a local anticancer effect. Four of these eight @entity1 (24%) had a partial response to therapy. The median survival for the entire group was 6 months. The 1-year survival rate for @entity1 with an objective response to therapy was 66%. The clinical responses observed in this group of @entity1 suggest @entity136 is a clinically relevant radiosensitizer in @entity1 with @entity788 . However, the toxic effects are significant, suggesting that until dose and scheduling issues are explored further, concomitant administration of @entity136 and radiation therapy should still be considered investigational.

title: Phase I trial of XXXX combined with radiation for the treatment of locally advanced @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting and dehydration']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: Most uveal @entity320 are treated with radiotherapy. An adequate understanding of the effects of radiation on the @entity5 and the healthy ocular tissues is necessary. Ionizing radiation damages cell membranes, organelles, and DNA. Irradiated cells are lysed or undergo apoptosis, @entity39 , and senescence. These effects occur in @entity5 cells and vascular endothelial cells, resulting in @entity5 shrinkage, ischaemia, @entity1188 , exudation, and @entity82 , which can cause exudative @entity1020 , serous @entity1713 , rubeosis, and @entity2297 ( @entity5 '). @entity854 must be distinguished from @entity16 to healthy ocular tissues that receive high doses of radiation, and these include radiation-induced @entity989 , @entity1781 , choroidopathy, @entity231 , and @entity39 . @entity989 can be treated effectively with photodynamic therapy, anti-angiogenic agents, and intravitreal @entity134 injections. In some @entity1 , @entity1781 may improve with intravitreal steroids or anti-angiogenic agents. @entity2297 resolves with intra-cameral bevacizumab. Exudative @entity1713 can regress with intra-vitreal steroid injections. @entity231 is treated in the usual manner. Scleral @entity39 , if severe, may require grafting, possibly using a lamellar flap from the same eye. Depending on the bulk of the @entity5 , treatment can consist of intra-vitreal @entity230 and/or anti-angiogenic agents, transpupillary thermotherapy or photodynamic therapy to the @entity5 , or surgical @entity5 by endo- or exo-resection. Measures aimed at preventing @entity16 include eccentric placement of @entity3739 plaques or @entity1496 seeds and delivery of a notched proton beam. The decision to treat a @entity2184 with radiotherapy requires the ability to manage iatrogenic side effects and complications.

title: Effects of radiotherapy on uveal XXXX and adjacent tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'scleral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'removal of the tumour', "ie, 'toxic tumour syndrome", 'residual toxic tumour']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['collateral damage']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Such abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation retinopathy', 'retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['Neovascular glaucoma', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanomas']