abstract: Because of promising radiobiological advantages allowing dose escalation and/or reduction of treatment time, hyperfractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy (hf-rt, ahf-rt) were introduced as part of treatment of @entity463 multiforme (gbm). In December 1988 we started a prospective study of hf-rt (total dose 78 Gy, two daily fractions of 1.3 Gy, interval between daily fractions 6 hr, treatment time 6 weeks, n = 34 @entity1 ). The results were compared with our previous regimen of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (cf-rt: total dose 60 Gy, single dose 2 Gy, treatment time 6 weeks, n = 32 @entity1 ). In June 1990, the protocol was modified in order to reduce treatment time (ahf-rt: total dose 60 Gy, two daily fractions of 1.5 Gy, interval 6 hr, treatment time 4 weeks, n = 92 @entity1 until December 1996). No chemotherapy was given. Entry criteria were: age > or = 17 years, pathological diagnosis of supratentorial gbm, and no previous treatment other than surgery. The ahf-rt group included significantly more @entity1 with previous surgical resection instead of biopsy only. Compared with the cf-rt group, both the hf-rt and the ahf-rt group included significantly more @entity1 with frontal @entity5 location. We found no significant survival difference between the groups (median survival 7-10 months, 1-year survival rate 19%-29%). Progression-free survival, clinical course, and @entity137 were also not significantly different. Karnofsky performance status, age, and @entity228 dose during radiotherapy were the most important prognostic factors. The results of this trial are in large agreement with most previous publications. It demonstrated no improved survival. However, it showed that treatment time can be reduced by ahf-rt without loss of survival benefit or intolerable @entity137 . A short radiotherapy course might be appropriate for many @entity1 with gbm who are not suitable for rather aggressive investigational therapies.

title: Hyperfractionated and accelerated-hyperfractionated radiotherapy for XXXX multiforme.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 is the third @entity5 cause of @entity204 in Spain. It is important to investigate new tumoral markers for early diagnosis, disease monitoring and prevention strategies. Telomeres protect the chromosome from degradation by nucleases and endto-end fusion. The progressive loss of the telomeric ends of chromosomes is an important mechanism in the timing of @entity1 cellular aging. Telomeric Repeat Factor 1 ( @entity7071 ) is a protein that binds at telomere ends. PURPOSE: to measure the concentrations of @entity7071 and the relationships among telomere length, telomerase activity, and @entity7071 levels in @entity5 and normal colorectal mucosa. METHOD: from normal and tumoral samples of 83 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 we analyzed @entity7071 protein concentration by Western Blot, telomerase activity, by the fluorescent-telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay and telomere length by Southern Blot. RESULTS: high levels of @entity7071 were observed in 68.7% of @entity5 samples, while the majority of normal samples (59%) showed negative or weak @entity7071 concentrations. Among the @entity5 samples, telomere length was significantly associated with @entity7071 protein levels (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: a relationship was found between telomere length and @entity7071 abundance protein in @entity5 samples, which means that @entity7071 is an important factor in the @entity5 progression and maybe a diagnostic factor.

title: Telomeric repeat factor 1 protein levels correlates with telomere length in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We have previously shown that non-myocytes present in healed 8-week @entity1188 overexpress transduction proteins required for initiating the elevated deposition of structural matrix proteins in this tissue. Other work suggests that @entity2533 may be involved in @entity299 and myocyte @entity1184 . However, the significance of the altered @entity2533 signaling in @entity712 in the chronic phase of @entity583 ( @entity583 ), particularly in the ongoing remodeling of the @entity1188 , remains unexplored. Patterns of cardiac @entity51621 , and 4 protein expression were investigated 8 weeks after @entity583 and were compared to relative collagen deposition in border tissues (containing remnent myocytes) and the @entity1188 (non-myocytes). Both @entity2533 mRNA abundance and protein levels were significantly increased in the @entity1188 v control values, and this trend was positively correlated to increased collagen type I expression. Cardiac Smad 2, 3, and 4 proteins were significantly increased in border and scar tissues v control values. Immunofluorescent studies indicated that Smad proteins localized proximal to the cellular nuclei present in the @entity1188 . @entity39697 mRNA abundance was elevated in border and @entity1188 , and the pattern of @entity39697 immunostaining was markedly altered in remote remnant heart and scar v staining patterns of control sections. Expression of @entity7382 (53 kDa) protein was significantly reduced in the scar, while the 75 kDa and 110 kDa isoforms of @entity2534 were unchanged and significantly increased in scar, respectively. These results indicate that @entity2533 /Smad signaling may be involved in the remodeling of the @entity1188 after the completion of wound healing per se, via ongoing stimulation of matrix deposition.

title: Elevation of expression of Smads 2, 3, and 4, XXXX and @entity2533 in the chronic phase of @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct scar']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'post-myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity39697 :: (1634,Gene) :: ['decorin']


abstract: AIM: To determine the usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of @entity232 and to emphasize the importance of inducible @entity842 ( @entity15237 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity4536 diagnosed according to clinical criteria who live in rural areas of Antakya-Hatay/ @entity233 were included in this study. Twenty-five @entity1 free of @entity232 were accepted as a control group. Punch biopsies and smears were obtained from lesions of the @entity1 in the study group. Half of each punch biopsy specimen was processed in routine tissue processing. After routine tissue processing @entity1710 - @entity1711 and @entity15237 immunohistochemical staining were applied. The remaining half of the biopsy specimens was studied by PCR method. @entity15237 -positive stained macrophages were determined. RESULTS: The positive detection rates in 29 cases of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) were 96.5% by PCR, 86.2% by direct microscopic evaluation of biopsy and 58.6% by direct visualization of smear in this study. @entity15237 reaction was mildly positive in three cases, moderately positive in six cases and strongly positive in 20 cases. CONCLUSION: @entity15237 yielded positive reaction in all cases but this positivity showed differences with respect to the age of the lesions or the effect of @entity15237 on the immune mechanism. This reveals an inverse correlation between @entity15237 reactivity and duration of lesion (Spearman correlation r = -0.53, P = 0.003). There was no correlation between @entity15237 reactivity and @entity1 age (Spearman correlation: r = 0.13, P = 0.5). In terms of gender, there was no association with @entity15237 .

title: Diagnostic approach and significance of inducible XXXX positivity in @entity1 @entity4536 caused by leishmania tropica.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: In the present study we have examined the topographic and temporal patterns of expression of the limbic system associated membrane protein by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry in organotypic cultures of the @entity35 brain. The regional, cellular and subcellular distribution of staining in young cultures was similar to that in the intact brain of corresponding age. Since the tissue in vitro is isolated both from afferents and targets, short-term protein expression appears to be regulated by factors intrinsic to the neuron. In culture, the protein was present on the surface of neurons which are physiologically interconnected, such as neurons belonging to the septohippocampal system (cholinergic neurons in the septum and pyramidal and granule cells in the hippocampus). It was also present on the surface of axons and growth cones during process outgrowth. Thus, the limbic system associated membrane protein is expressed in an appropriate spatial and temporal pattern for mediating interactions between growing axons and their targets. The expression of the protein in culture showed some important differences as compared to the intact brain. With increasing age, there was an increasing scattering and disappearance of immunoreactivity in cultures fixed with @entity1604 / @entity3584 . The decreased immunoreactivity in aged cultures does not appear to reflect decreased protein synthesis, because unfixed and @entity1324 -fixed explants continued to show immunostaining. Furthermore, dot-blot assays showed similar amounts of immunoreactivity in culture as in the intact brain of corresponding age. Thus, the age-dependent decrease of immunoreactivity may reflect altered insertion of the protein into the membrane or a modification of the epitope recognized by the antibody. There was a rapid increase (within 1 hour) of immunostaining on the surface of sprouting processes following mechanical lesion of mature, unstained axons. The altered distribution after tissue injury could be a means of ensuring specificity of connectivity during nerve fiber regeneration. On the basis of the reported findings, we suggest that system-specific membrane proteins, including the limbic system associated membrane protein, may mediate the formation of specific connections in the brain. Furthermore, we suggest that the reinnervation processes taking place after @entity149 may exhibit a similar molecular basis to the development of neural pathways.

title: Developmental and regeneration-associated regulation of the limbic system associated membrane protein in explant cultures of the XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system injury']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two hallmarks of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are dopaminergic cell loss and the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions (Lewy bodies). Different point mutations in @entity8095 , the main constituent of Lewy bodies, have been identified in familial @entity191 . @entity8095 also constitutes one of the main components of Lewy bodies in sporadic cases of @entity191 . Moreover, oxidant stress and generation of free radicals from both @entity2383 and @entity935 metabolism are considered to play critical roles in @entity191 etiopathogenesis. @entity2493 , a known potent antioxidant secreted by the pineal gland, may protect against the effect of several Parkinsonogenic compounds that are associated with progressive impairment of mitochondrial function and increased oxidative damage. However, the neuroprotective effect of @entity2493 has never been tested in the newly available genetic models of @entity191 based on the viral expression of mutated @entity8095 . Lentiviral vectors encoding @entity20097 mutant @entity1 @entity8095 (lenti- @entity20097 ) were stereotactically injected into the right substantia nigra of adult male @entity35 and neuroprotection was examined by administration of @entity2493 or vehicle from two days before nigral administration of lenti- @entity20097 until eight weeks after injection. It was found that lenti- @entity20097 induced a significant TH    cell-loss both in the medial and lateral substantia nigra versus the contrallateral side injected with lenti-eGFP. However, @entity2493 administration showed a total neuroprotective effect in both regions of the substantia nigra. In conclusion, the data here show that @entity2493 is neuroprotective against mutant @entity8095 -induced @entity130 .

title: @entity2493 prevents dopaminergic cell loss induced by lentiviral vectors expressing XXXX mutant @entity8095 .

entities_list: @entity8095 :: ('6622', 'Gene') :: ['Alpha-synuclein', 'alpha-synuclein']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity20097 :: ('p|SUB|A|30|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['A30P']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the substantia nigra']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial impairment']

answer: @entity20097 :: (p|SUB|A|30|P,ProteinMutation) :: ['A30P']


abstract: In the @entity1 brain and spinal cord, neurons degenerate after acute insults (e.g., @entity64 , @entity1167 , @entity130 ) and during progressive, adult-onset diseases [e.g., @entity746 , @entity195 ]. @entity2227 receptor-mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in all of these neurological conditions. Nevertheless, effective approaches to prevent or limit neuronal damage in these disorders remain elusive, primarily because of an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of @entity528 in in vivo settings. Therefore, animal models of @entity179 are crucial for improving our understanding of the mechanisms of @entity528 . In this review, we evaluate experimental data on the general characteristics of cell death and, in particular, @entity528 in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury. We focus on the ongoing controversy of the contributions of apoptosis and @entity39 in @entity179 and summarize new data from this laboratory on the classification of @entity528 using a variety of animal models of @entity179 in the immature or adult brain following excitotoxic @entity2806 , and axotomy/ @entity1949 . In these different models of @entity1545 , we determined whether the process of @entity528 has uniformly similar morphological characteristics or whether the features of @entity179 induced by different insults are distinct. We classified @entity179 in each of these models with respect to whether it resembles apoptosis, @entity39 , or an intermediate form of cell death falling along an apoptosis- @entity39 continuum. We found that @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor- and non- @entity143 receptor-mediated @entity130 results in @entity179 along an apoptosis- @entity39 continuum, in which @entity528 (appearing as apoptotic, @entity39 , or intermediate between the two extremes) is influenced by the degree of brain maturity and the subtype of @entity2227 receptor that is stimulated. Global @entity2806 produces @entity528 that has commonalities with excitotoxicity and @entity1949 . Degeneration of selectively vulnerable populations of neurons after @entity63 is morphologically nonapoptotic and is indistinguishable from @entity143 receptor-mediated excitotoxic death of mature neurons. However, prominent apoptotic cell death occurs following global @entity63 in neuronal groups that are interconnected with selectively vulnerable populations of neurons and also in nonneuronal cells. This apoptotic @entity528 is similar to some forms of retrograde neuronal apoptosis that occur following @entity1949 . We conclude that cell death in the CNS following injury can coexist as apoptosis, @entity39 , and hybrid forms along an apoptosis- @entity39 continuum. These different forms of cell death have varying contributions to the neuropathology resulting from excitotoxicity, @entity2806 , and @entity1949 /axotomy. Degeneration of different populations of cells (neurons and nonneuronal cells) may be mediated by distinct or common causal mechanisms that can temporally overlap and perhaps differ mechanistically in the rate of progression of cell death.

title: @entity179 in excitotoxicity, global @entity2806 , and XXXX : A perspective on the contributions of apoptosis and @entity39 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['target deprivation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'injury, global cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['excitotoxic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['target deprivation']


abstract: Intraamniotic instillation of @entity1133 is a common mode of legal second-trimester pregnancy termination. Associated mortality rarely occurs and is most commonly due to @entity6703 , @entity1151 , @entity281 , @entity548 , and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). We present the case of an 18-year-old gravida 2, para 1 white @entity1 at 18 weeks' gestation who underwent intraamniotic instillation of hyperosmolar @entity1133 and intracervical insertion of laminaria tents; 19 h later, she became unresponsive, academic, and went into shock. Coagulation studies were diagnostic of @entity5642 . Bacilli were seen on peripheral blood smear. Autopsy showed marked @entity9285 of the anterior abdominal wall, @entity39 and @entity2415 of the uterus, diffuse @entity358 , and @entity5720 . Antemortem blood cultures grew @entity3168 and @entity526 . Postmortem culture of the uterus grew @entity526 . The source of @entity281 was most likely the introduction of vaginal organisms via laminaria insertion. This is apparently the first reported case of @entity204 caused by @entity3168 and @entity526 @entity295 following @entity1133 instillation.

title: Fatal @entity3168 and @entity526 @entity295 following XXXX -instillation abortion.

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5720 :: ('MESH:D007681', 'Disease') :: ['renal cortical necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid embolism']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1133 :: (MESH:D014508,Chemical) :: ['urea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict @entity146 hospital length of stay (LOS) for a sample of Illinois Department of @entity1 and Family Services wards across 4 fiscal years. METHOD: A prospective design was implemented using the @entity1 's Severity of @entity146 , a reliable and valid measure of @entity146 severity, risk factors, youth strengths, and contextual/environmental factors. Data were collected for 1,930 hospital episodes across 44 hospitals from fiscal year 1998 through fiscal year 2001. Youths were screened for admission appropriateness by the Illinois Screening, Assessment, and Supportive Services (SASS) program. The @entity1 's Severity of @entity146 was completed by SASS workers upon conclusion of their crisis interviews. In addition to completing the @entity1 's Severity of @entity146 , SASS workers reported on demographic information and LOS. RESULTS: The sample of 1,930 youths was randomly split to form development (n = 983) and validation (n = 947) samples. LOS was predicted using ordinary least squares regression. Thirty percent of the variance (F(19,666) = 16.6, p < .0001) in LOS was predicted for the development sample and 22% (F(14,657) = 14.6, p < .0001) was predicted for the confirmation sample. Hospital was the largest and most consistent predictor of LOS for both samples after controlling for clinical variables. Two hospitals accounted for approximately 10% of the variance in both samples (development beta = .273, p < .01 and beta = -.169, p < .01). Two SASS agencies also consistently predicted LOS (development beta = -.134, p < .05 and beta = .102, p < .05). No consistent changes in predictors of LOS occurred over time (FY98-FY01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that nonclinical variables are the primary predictors of LOS in the Illinois system of care. In addition, these variables are consistent predictors over time. Quality assurance efforts might seek to further understand potential practice pattern variations across hospitals and SASS agencies.

title: The hospital as predictor of XXXX 's and adolescents' length of stay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric Illness', 'psychiatric', 'Psychiatric Illness scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity121 ( @entity121 ) is an outer-membrane associated adhesin conserved within the genus @entity12024 . @entity121 provides protection against @entity7320 infections in @entity1 and is a component of acellular whooping cough vaccines. Furthermore, @entity121 serves as a protective antigen in several animal models of infection with @entity12024 and may serve as a protective antigen of @entity235 bordetellosis. In this study, polyclonal anti-B. pertussis @entity121 antiserum was used to identify an immunoreactive clone from the genomic DNA library of a @entity235 @entity12024 field isolate. The @entity4334 and predicted @entity3689 sequences of the immunoreactive clone were compared to fhaB and FhaB from @entity7320 revealing 94% identity at the nucleic acid level, and 86% identity at the protein level. A truncated fusion protein (FHAt) was prepared which included a conserved domain homologous to the immunodominant region in the @entity121 of @entity7320 [Leininger E, Bowen S, Renauld-Mongen G, Rouse JH, Menozzi FD, Locht C, Heron I, Brennan MJ. Immunodominant domain present on the @entity7320 vaccine component filamentous hemagglutinin. J. Infect. Dis. 1997;175:1423-1431; Wilson DR, Siebers A, Finlay BB. Antigenic analysis of @entity7320 filamentous hemagglutinin with phage display libraries and rabbit anti-filamentous hemagglutinin polyclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun. 1998;66:4884-4894]. FHAt was shown to be safe and antigenic in @entity95 . FHAt induced the formation of antibodies that inhibit the hemagglutination associated with full length @entity7320 @entity121 , and inhibit adherence of B. bronchisepitca to @entity235 fibroblasts by as much as 65%. This information may have implications for the development of safe and efficacious subunit vaccines for the prevention of @entity235 bordetellosis and may contribute to future acellular whooping cough vaccines.

title: Cloning and immunologic characterization of a truncated XXXX filamentous hemagglutinin fusion protein.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis', 'B. pertussis']

entities_list: @entity12024 :: ('518', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella', 'B. bronchiseptica']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['FHA', 'Filamentous hemagglutinin']

answer: @entity12024 :: (518,Species) :: ['Bordetella bronchiseptica']


abstract: Synaptic efficacy at the laryngeal neuromuscular synapse differs markedly in adult male and female @entity1238 . Here, we examined the relation between circulating @entity172 and synapse strength in developing and adult female frogs. Circulating @entity172 levels in males and females during juvenile and adult stages were measured using radioimmunoassays. Synaptic strength was determined by quantal analysis in isolated female larynges. In males, @entity172 levels are low (<40 pg/mL) throughout development. In females, @entity172 levels are similar to those in males until 9 months after metamorphosis is complete and then increase throughout development. Female laryngeal synapses have low quantal contents until 24 months; quantal content increases significantly between 24 and 26 months, and high quantal contents are maintained thereafter. Measures of reproductive maturation, ovary, and oviduct weights, are strongly and positively correlated with @entity172 level in 16- to 26-month females, while oocyte maturation is age dependent. @entity172 level and quantal content are not well correlated in these females. Ovariectomy at 24 months prevents the expected increase in quantal content and ovariectomy at 28 months results in a decrease in quantal content. Thus, the sex difference in efficacy of the laryngeal synapse develops under the influence of the ovary and requires the ovary for maintenance of strong synapses in adulthood. While the influence of the ovary is most likely due to @entity172 secretion, the pattern of @entity172 secretion required for maturation of the synapse in females is not known.

title: Attaining and maintaining strong vocal synapses in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: 1. The effects of micro-iontophoretically applied @entity8854 ( @entity367 ) and @entity2228 ( @entity4022 ) were studied by recording intracellularly from cat motoneurones in the 6th and 7th lumbar segments. 2. Applications of @entity367 and @entity4022 were performed at varying distances (80-350 micrometers: "somatic" or "dendritic" applications) from the probable intrasomatic location of the recording tip. 3. "Somatic" applications of @entity367 caused a depolarization and a progressive increase in the membrane conductance. Applications of @entity4022 caused a hyperpolarization and a marked increase in conductance associated with a decrease of postsynaptic transients. 4. "Dendritic" applications of @entity367 led to a depolarization after a significantly shorter delay than applications to more "somatic" sites. On the contrary, the onset latency of @entity4022 induced hyperpolarisations was longer for "dendritic" than for "somatic" applications. 5. These results give evidence in favour of different preferential localizations of @entity367 and @entity4022 receptive sites on spinal motoneurones.

title: Topographic sensitivity of cat spinal motoneurones to iontophoretically applied XXXX and @entity2228 .

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

answer: @entity8854 :: (CHEBI:29985,Chemical) :: ['l-glutamate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous analysis from Los Angeles showed that @entity204 rates increased among hometown fans after losing the Super Bowl in 1980 and decreased after a win in 1984. Data are unavailable in the era of drug-eluting stents, dual antiplatelet therapy, statins, and modern medical therapy. METHODS: Two high drama and intense Super Bowls were analyzed: NYC beat New England (Massachusetts) in 2008 and Pittsburgh defeated Arizona in 2009. Daily @entity204 certificate data were obtained. The case period included eight consecutive days beginning Super Bowl day. The control period included eight consecutive days beginning Super Bowl day in non-case period Super Bowls from 2005 to 2009. RESULTS: After Massachusetts' defeat, circulatory @entity204 increased by 20 % (p = 0.0004) and @entity63 heart disease @entity204 increased by 24 % (p = 0.01) in Massachusetts. After Pittsburgh's victory circulatory @entity204 decreased by 25 % (p = 0.046), @entity63 heart disease @entity204 decreased by 31 % (p = 0.03), and @entity583 @entity204 decreased by 46 % (p = 0.01) in Pittsburgh. @entity65 rates did not change in Arizona (all p > 0.19). Massachusetts and Pittsburgh show stronger support for their home teams compared with Arizona. CONCLUSIONS: A Super Bowl with high drama/intensity can be associated with changes in @entity65 rates among a fan base with a strong attachment to the team even in the contemporary era. An increase in @entity204 rates can be associated with a loss and a decrease in @entity204 rates can be associated with a win.

title: Super Bowl outcome's association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'Cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cereals of baking quality with absent or reduced @entity137 are actively sought as alternative therapy to a @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) for @entity1 with @entity66 ( @entity66 ). Triticum monococcum, an ancient @entity3505 , is a potential candidate having no @entity137 in in-vitro and ex-vivo studies. The aim of our study was to investigate on the safety of administration of a single dose of gluten of Tm in @entity1 with @entity66 on @entity1593 . METHODS: We performed a single blind, cross-over study involving 12 @entity66 @entity1 who had been on a @entity1593 for at least 12 months, challenged on day 0, 14 and 28 with a single fixed dose of 2.5 grams of the following (random order): Tm, @entity579 (as reference atoxic protein) and Amygluten (as reference toxic protein) dispersed in a gluten-free pudding. The primary end-point of the study was the change in intestinal permeability, as assessed by changes in the urinary @entity11884 /rhamnose ratio (L/R ratio) measured by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography. We also assessed the occurrence of adverse gastrointestinal events, graded for intensity and duration according to the WHO scale. Variables were expressed as mean        SD; paired t-test and      test were used as appropriate. RESULTS: The urinary L/R ratio did not change significantly upon challenge with the 3 cereals, and was 0.055        0.026 for Tm Vs 0.058        0.035 for @entity579 (p   =   0.6736) and Vs 0.063        0.054 with Amygluten (p   =   0.6071). Adverse gastrointestinal events were 8 for Tm, Vs 11 for @entity579 (p   =   0.6321) and Vs 31 for Amygluten p   =   0.0016), and, in all cases events were graded as "mild" or "moderate" with TM and @entity579 , and as "severe" or "disabling" in 4 cases during Amygluten. CONCLUSIONS: No definite conclusion can be drawn on the safety of Tm, based on no change in urinary L/R because even Amygluten, a toxic @entity3505 protein, did not cause a significant change in urinary L/R indicating low sensitivity of this methodology in studies on acute @entity137 . Tm was, however, well tolerated by all @entity1 providing the rationale for further investigation on the safety of this cereal for @entity66 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT-AIFA n2008-000697-20.

title: Search for atoxic cereals: a single blind, cross-over study on the safety of a single dose of Triticum monococcum, in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['GFD', 'gluten-free diet']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The detection of the mucosal morphology (ie, @entity33 ) in @entity355 ( @entity355 ) by magnifying (chromo)endoscopy may improve the distinction of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) from nondysplastic specialized intestinal metaplasia (SIM). Narrow band imaging (NBI) is a new technique that uses optical filters to enhance the mucosal contrast without the need for chromoendoscopy. OBJECTIVE: To use NBI for the characterization and the classification of the mucosal morphology in nondysplastic @entity355 and in @entity355 with @entity3146 . DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Single-center study in a tertiary referral center for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity355 . @entity1 : We used NBI with magnifying endoscopy to image and biopsy randomly selected areas in 63 @entity1 with @entity355 . A systematic image and a biopsy specimen evaluation process was followed, including unblinded assessment of an exploratory set of images and biopsy specimens, and blinded evaluation of learning and validation sets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The relationship between the mucosal morphology and the presence of SIM and @entity3146 . RESULTS: SIM was characterized by either villous/gyrus-forming patterns (80%), which were mostly regular and had regular vascular patterns, or a flat mucosa with regular normal-appearing long branching vessels (20%). @entity3146 was characterized by 3 abnormalities: irregular/disrupted mucosal patterns, irregular vascular patterns, and abnormal blood vessels. All areas with @entity3146 had at least 1 abnormality, and 85% had 2 or more abnormalities. The frequency of abnormalities showed a significant rise with increasing grades of @entity1141 . The magnified NBI images had a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 76%, a positive predictive value of 64%, and a negative predictive value of 98% for @entity3146 . LIMITATIONS: No data on observer agreement. CONCLUSIONS: NBI with magnification reveals the mucosal morphology characteristics of nondysplastic @entity355 and @entity3146 , without the need for staining and has a relatively high diagnostic value for @entity3146 when used for targeted detailed examination of areas of interest.

title: Detection and classification of the XXXX (mucosal morphology) in @entity355 by using narrow band imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal and vascular patterns']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGIN']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal and vascular patterns']


abstract: Associations between components of Leventhal's common sense model of health behaviour ( @entity130 , coping, distress) and outcome after mild @entity131 (MTBI) were examined. @entity1 (n   =   147) were recruited within three months following MTBI and assessed six months later, completing study questionnaires at both visits (Illness Perceptions Questionnaire Revised, Brief @entity5786 , Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale). Outcome measures included the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Rivermead Head Injury Follow-Up Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses examined associations between @entity130 , coping and distress at baseline, and later outcome. @entity1 endorsing stronger injury identity beliefs (p   <   .01), expectations of lasting severe consequences (p   <   .01), and distress (p   <   .01) at time one, had greater odds of poor outcome at time two. Coping styles were also associated with later outcome although variability in findings limited interpretability. Associations between psychological variables and outcome were examined and 76.5% of cases were correctly classified by the model. Consistent with Leventhal's model, @entity1 beliefs about their injury and recovery had significant associations with outcome over time. Coping also appeared to have important associations with outcome but more research is required to examine these. Current reassurance-based interventions may be improved by targeting variables such as @entity130 , coping and adjustment soon after injury.

title: Examination of outcome after mild @entity131 : the contribution of XXXX and Leventhal's common sense model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury beliefs']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury beliefs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Description of incidence, clinical signs, symptoms, and consequences of @entity3036 in Scandinavia, and assessment of substandard care and potential preventability. METHODS: A descriptive cohort study including all @entity1 giving birth in a 2-year period (mid-1998-mid-2000) in Scandinavia. Notifications of @entity3036 cases were obtained from all obstetric units at 3-monthly intervals. All @entity1 files were reviewed, and systematic audit was performed to identify potentially preventable cases by using predefined criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Signs and symptoms preceding the eclamptic @entity410 , the standard of medical care, maternal and perinatal morbidity, and mortality were all recorded. Potentially preventable cases through improved care and cases eligible for primary prophylactic @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ) were estimated. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3036 was 5.0/10,000 maternities (CI = 4.3-5.7/10,000). Eighty-six percent had a diagnosis of @entity410 . Nine of 10 had at least one physical complaint before the first @entity410 , severe @entity10 being the most common symptom, occurring in two-thirds. Most @entity410 (90%) occurred after admission to hospital. By audit, 89 cases (42%) were classified as having received substandard care. Prophylactic use of @entity2399 might have reduced the number of @entity3036 cases by 35 (17%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3036 occurred mainly in hospital and the majority of @entity1 had symptoms heralding the @entity410 . In retrospect, nearly half of the cases were found potentially preventable by timely intervention, improved medical care, and systematic use of prophylactic treatment with @entity2400 .

title: XXXX in Scandinavia: incidence, substandard care, and potentially preventable cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'pre-eclampsia before the seizure']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia', 'Eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['Eclampsia']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that various cell-cell interactions between hepatoblasts and nonparenchymal cells, including sinusoidal endothelial cells and stellate cells, are indispensable for the development of fetal @entity19 hepatic architecture. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of hepatoblasts on the sinusoidal structural formation using a culture system of fetal @entity19 livers. Primitive sinusoidal structures extensively developed in fetal livers, and were composed of @entity14530 - and @entity5231 -positive endothelial cells, desmin-positive stellate cells and F4/80-positive macrophages. When fetal liver cells at 12.5 days of gestation were cultured in vitro, hepatoblasts spread on glass slides and gave rise to hepatocytes on day 5. Desmin-positive stellate cells also spread on the glass slides. @entity5231 -positive endothelial cells became slender and developed into anastomosing capillary networks. When fetal liver cells were cultured without hepatoblasts, which were excluded by an immunomagnetic method using anti- @entity3112 antibodies, endothelial cells had impaired growth and capillary formation. These results demonstrated that capillary formation of endothelial cells was induced by the presence of hepatoblasts. @entity1611 and the conditioned medium containing humoral factors produced by hepatoblasts/hepatocytes did not induce capillary formation of endothelial cells in cultures of nonparenchymal cells, although they significantly increased the number of endothelial cells on the glass slides. The presence of hepatoblasts also significantly stimulated expression of CD32b mRNA, which is a sinusoidal endothelial marker. Hepatoblasts may work as a positive stimulator of sinusoid morphogenesis and maturation in liver development, in which a signal other than @entity1611 may play a decisive role, together with @entity1611 .

title: Immunomagnetic exclusion of @entity3112 -positive hepatoblasts in fetal XXXX liver cell cultures impairs morphogenesis and gene expression of sinusoidal endothelial cells.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3913 receptor is the best described member of the type I transmembrane C-type lectins; however much remains unanswered about the biology of the receptor. One difficulty has been the inability to consistently express high levels of a functional full length @entity3913 receptor cDNA in @entity1 cells. Another difficulty has been the lack of a @entity1 macrophage cell line expressing a fully functional receptor. Commonly used @entity1 macrophage cell lines such as U937, @entity1357 , Mono-Mac and HL60 do not express the @entity3913 receptor. We have developed a macrophage hybridoma cell line (43MR cells) created by fusion of U937 cells with primary @entity1 monocyte-derived macrophages, resulting in a non-adherent cell line expressing several properties of primary macrophages. The purpose of this study was to identify and select @entity3913 receptor-expressing cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and to characterize the expression and function of the receptor. RESULTS: In the current study we show that the @entity3913 receptor found on this novel cell has endocytic characteristics consistent with and similar to the @entity3913 receptor found on the surface of monocyte-derived @entity1 macrophages and @entity35 bone marrow-derived macrophages. In addition, we demonstrate that these cells engage and internalize pathogen particles such as @entity794 and @entity5132 . We further establish the transfectability of these cells via the introduction of a plasmid expressing influenza A hemagglutinin. CONCLUSIONS: The 43MR cell line represents the first naturally expressed MR-positive cell line derived from a @entity1 macrophage background. This cell line provides an important cell model for other researchers for the study of @entity1 MR biology and host-pathogen interactions.

title: Characterization of functional XXXX receptor in a continuous hybridoma cell line.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

answer: @entity3913 :: (MESH:D008358,Chemical) :: ['mannose']


abstract: With the aim of creating a confluent endothelial lining of cultured adult @entity1 saphenous vein endothelial cells on cardiovascular bioprosthetic tissues in vitro, we performed seeding on deendothelialized segments of viable or devitalized (in deionized water) @entity1 vein, porcine aorta, and bioprosthetic tissues preserved in @entity3584 . After being seeded, specimens were kept for 7 days under culture conditions. On @entity3584 -preserved tissue, seeding was performed after 3 weeks of elution of @entity3584 . Evaluation was performed with @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, immunohistochemical staining of @entity2880 's factor and of collagen IV-related antigens, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The origin of the cells as derived from culture was verified by vital staining with a @entity18788 dye. Evaluation revealed a confluent lining of cultured @entity1 saphenous vein endothelial cells similar to native endothelium on both viable and nonviable @entity1 and porcine tissues. Collagen IV-related immunoreactivity was demonstrated close to the endothelial cells, corresponding to a de novo-formed basement membrane. Organelles and a basement membrane were demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy. The @entity1 saphenous vein endothelial cells seeded on @entity3584 -preserved tissues showed initial adherence but rounded up and detached on the second day of culture, probably because of residual @entity3584 . This study demonstrates that the native endothelium of allogenic or xenogeneic viable and nonviable vascular tissue may be replaced by cultured endothelium in vitro. The structural similarities with a native endothelium suggest that in vitro endothelialization with cultured autologous endothelial cells may be used to improve performance of cardiovascular bioprostheses.

title: Lining of viable and nonviable allogeneic and xenogeneic cardiovascular tissue with cultured adult XXXX venous endothelium.

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity44747 ( @entity44747 ) is an extracellular matrix protein that exerts @entity5 suppressive functions in @entity0 , where its decreased expression is a feature of advanced disease. However, neither its role nor mechanism of action in @entity0 @entity3 has been established. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which constitute ligands of the TGF-b superfamily, are multifunctional cytokines that induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell invasion, and @entity3 . In this study, we identify a @entity44747 - @entity13062 - @entity10152 kinase signaling pathway that controls the ability of the @entity1435 MAP kinase to regulate acinar morphogenesis and invasion of breast cells. ShRNA-mediated attenuation of @entity44747 in @entity1 mammary epithelial cells led to @entity13062 upregulation as a major response to exposure to the TGF-b superfamily. @entity44747 attenuation also induced @entity13062 -mediated activation of the Smad-independent @entity10152 and @entity1435 kinases. Conversely, ectopic expression of @entity44747 in @entity0 cells antagonized @entity13062 -mediated @entity10152 / @entity1435 activation and invasive capacity, both by binding @entity13062 protein as well as decreasing @entity13062 protein levels. Effects on @entity13062 and @entity1435 were confirmed in vivo where they correlated with decreased @entity3 . In clinical specimens, we found that @entity44747 expression was inversely associated with @entity13062 and phospho- @entity1435 levels in 69% of invasive @entity0 examined, consistent with the functional results. Together our findings identify a novel modifier pathway through which @entity44747 acts to limit @entity0 invasion and @entity3 .

title: XXXX modulates BMP signaling via the Smad-independent @entity10152 / @entity1435 pathway, acting to suppress @entity3 of @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity44747 :: (8838,Gene) :: ['CCN6']


abstract: Effects of drug content and medium pH on the release of @entity3302 ( @entity2786 ) from biodegradable @entity7049 [ @entity15274 ] matrix were investigated to reveal the predominant factors affecting the two-stage diffusion-controlled release mechanism. A drug-dissolved cylindrical matrix (rod; 10 mmx1 mm diameter) was prepared by heat compression method. In the case of a @entity2786 content below 10%, pH was found to have a strong effect on the release rate, and drug content was found to have no effect on the release profile. The release profile consisted of two sequential diffusion stages due to @entity15274 transformation from amorphous to the semicrystalline state prior to release. In the first release stage @entity2786 diffused through the swollen matrix. The release accelerated with increasing medium pH due to an increase in water content in the acidic P(L)LA rod. In the second release stage @entity2786 diffused through the water-filled micropores developed as a result of the polymer crystallization. On the assumption that the drug partition between the polymer and the medium in the micropores affects the diffusion and the partition is controlled by pH, we derived a modified diffusion kinetic equation. The observation that the release decelerated with increasing medium pH can be explained by the derived equation as resulting from the increase in the drug partition to the polymer. In the case where the rods contained more than 15% of @entity2786 , the drug precipitated out as crystals during release. Accordingly, these rods showed a slower release.

title: Factors influencing the diffusion-controlled release of @entity3302 from XXXX matrix.

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(l-lactic acid)']

answer: @entity7049 :: (MESH:C010506,Chemical) :: ['poly (L-lactic acid)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity210 uncommonly affects the axial skeleton. The clinical presentations of gout of the spine range from @entity615 to @entity1688 . Gout that presents as @entity615 and @entity221 may be difficult to distinguish from spinal @entity281 . We present a case of a @entity1 with tophaceous gout of the lumbar spine who was initially diagnosed with and treated for an @entity281 . The clinical and diagnostic features of tophaceous gout of the spine are reviewed. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 70-year-old @entity1 presented with a 2-day history of @entity615 . A physical examination revealed that he had flank tenderness and evidence of @entity625 affecting the elbows, knees, and right first metatarsophalangeal joint. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the @entity1 's lumbar spine showed an extensive area of abnormal @entity2287 enhancement of the paramedian posterior soft tissues from L3 to S1 with an area of focal enhancement extending into the right L4-L5 facet joint. INTERVENTION: A laminectomy was performed at L4-L5, and a chalky white material in the facet joint was found eroding into the adjacent pars intra-articularis. Light and polarizing microscopy confirmed the presence of gouty tophus. No evidence of @entity281 was found. CONCLUSION: @entity3811 of the spine is rare. Thirty-seven previous cases have been reported. When the clinical presentation includes @entity615 from spinal @entity281 may be difficult. The clinical suspicion of spinal gout may lead to the correct diagnosis by a less invasive approach than exploration and laminectomy.

title: XXXX of the spine mimicking @entity281 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3811 :: ('MESH:D015210', 'Disease') :: ['Gouty arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'epidural infection']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['fever and back pain', 'back pain', 'acute back pain and fever, differentiation of spinal gout']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['Tophaceous gout']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['Tophaceous gout']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognostic value of @entity5 -cell DNA content (ploidy) was evaluated in @entity1 with unresectable, nonmetastic @entity980 of embryonal histology. @entity1 AND METHODS: Flow-cytometric techniques were used to estimate the ploidy of @entity5 specimens from 34 @entity1 with @entity2875 who were enrolled in the intergroup @entity980 study III (IRS III) from 1985 to 1991. @entity5 were classified as diploid or @entity981 (DNA content, 1.1 to 1.8 times that of normal diploid cells). The influence of ploidy on clinical outcome was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier technique and Cox regression analysis with stepwise selection. RESULTS: Twelve of the @entity5 specimens were diploid and 22 were @entity981 . The @entity1 groups defined by diploid or @entity5 had similar presenting characteristics (eg, age, @entity5 size, and anatomic site). Significantly more @entity1 with @entity5 achieved a complete response than did @entity1 with @entity5 (85% v 42%; P = .01). The probability of progression-free survival at 5 years (+/- SE) was 91% +/- 6% for the @entity981 group, compared with 17% +/- 11% for the diploid group (P < .001). Hyperdiploidy was also associated with a significantly higher overall survival rate at 5 years: 96% +/- 4% versus 50% +/- 14% (P = .004). Ploidy retained its prognostic significance after adjustment for @entity5 site in the Cox regression model. CONCLUSION: Tumor-cell ploidy strongly correlates with outcome in @entity1 with nonmetastic, unresectable @entity2875 . The two biologically distinct groups identified by this measure would benefit from further refinements in risk-directed therapy.

title: Tumor-cell DNA content predicts outcome in @entity1 and adolescents with clinical group III @entity2875 . The Intergroup XXXX Study Committee of the @entity1 's Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid tumors', 'tumor', 'Tumors', 'diploid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the relationship between @entity25 and treatment-resistant @entity101 (RH). METHODS: In our cross-sectional cohort study, 270 consecutive essential @entity101 @entity1 were recruited at the Outpatient @entity101 Unit, University of Pisa, Italy. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI), and State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI-Y2) were administered to all subjects. RH was defined as office blood pressure (BP) >140/90 mmHg with three or more antihypertensive drugs or controlled BP with four or more drugs. Poor @entity25 was defined as PSQI >5, @entity308 symptoms as BDI >10, and trait @entity148 as STAI-Y2 >40. @entity1 with other @entity25 were excluded. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 222 @entity1 (50.9% @entity1 ; mean age, 56.6  12.5 y; RH, 14.9%). Poor @entity25 had a prevalence of 38.2% in the overall population. RH was associated with poor @entity25 , increased sleep latency and reduced sleep efficiency. No significant relationship was found between RH and short sleep duration or @entity308 symptoms and trait @entity148 . Poor @entity25 was more prevalent in resistant vs nonresistant @entity101 @entity1 (70.6% vs 40.2%; P=.02) but not in resistant vs nonresistant @entity1 (43.8% vs 29.2%; P=.24). In @entity1 poor @entity25 was an independent predictor of RH, even after adjustment for cardiovascular and @entity146 comorbidities (odds ratio [OR], 5.3 [confidence interval {CI}, 1.1-27.6), explaining 4.7% of its variance. In @entity1 age, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity28 were the only variables associated with RH. CONCLUSIONS: Poor @entity25 is significantly associated with resistance to treatment in @entity101 @entity1 , independent of cardiovascular and @entity146 confounders.

title: Poor XXXX and resistant @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep quality']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep quality']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO   ) therapy is considered to be a generally safe therapy. However, data regarding @entity410 incidence during HBO    therapy as a clinical presentation of central nervous system- (CNS) related @entity26 @entity137 are conflicting (ranging from 1:10,000 to 1:600 @entity410 :hyperbaric sessions). The risk for @entity410 is of significant importance for the growing population of @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity16 such as @entity131 and @entity64 who are treated with HBO   . The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity410 during HBO    therapy in a large cohort of @entity1 and determine whether @entity1 with known chronic @entity16 are at increased risk. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 2,334 @entity1 treated at the Sagol Center of Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel, between June 2010 and December 2014. @entity1 were grouped into one of three categories according to indication for HBO    therapy: Category A--non- neurological indications; Category B--neurological indications; and Category C--acute indications. RESULTS: A total of 62,614 hyperbaric sessions, administered to 2,334 @entity1 , were included in the analysis. The overall incidence of @entity410 during hyperbaric sessions was 0.011% (1:8,945), occurring in seven (0.3%) @entity1 . Only one @entity1 had a clear @entity26 @entity137 -induced @entity410 , with an overall incidence of 1:62,614. CONCLUSIONS: @entity410 induced by @entity26 @entity137 during HBO    therapy are extremely rare. Moreover, in relation to @entity26 -induced @entity410 , HBO   therapy can be considered safe for @entity1 suffering with chronic @entity16 except for uncontrolled @entity302 .

title: @entity410 during hyperbaric XXXX therapy: retrospective analysis of 62,614 treatment sessions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Clinical squeal of the treatment of @entity309 @entity1 with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) according to the Japanese government recommended dose of 8 mg/week was evaluated prospectively. A total of 176 @entity1 with active @entity309 attending Konan Kakogawa Hospital and Kobe University Hospital were enrolled. @entity1 ' profile at the start of study was Class 2.0 +/- 1.1 and X-ray stage 2.6 +/- 1.0. The effects of @entity1500 treatment were evaluated by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) core set, disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28), and European League Against @entity627 (EULAR) response criteria. A modified Sharp method was used to evaluate the radiographs. The improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of the ACR core set was maintained for a 24-month period (p < 0.05). The ACR20/50/70 and DAS28 were also improved at the 12- and 24-month assessments. However, 82 of 130 @entity1 (63.5%) were found to be nonresponders at 24 months of @entity1500 therapy, as evaluated by EULAR response criteria. The X-ray study showed that joint destruction progressed despite the treatment. Thus, long-term @entity1500 treatment performed in accordance with the Japanese 8 mg/week regimen appears to be favorable in terms of the signs and symptoms of @entity309 ; however, it is clearly insufficient for and cannot halt the progression of @entity627 .

title: Prospective study of @entity1499 treatment for XXXX treated legitimately according to the government recommended 8 mg/week dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic joint destruction', 'Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The optimal regimen of intravenous @entity5532 for @entity68 overload in high-risk homozygous @entity8674 is unknown because only short-term follow-up has been described in small @entity1 groups. We report the outcome over a 16-year period of a continuous 24-hour @entity5532 regimen, with dose adjustment for serum ferritin, delivered via 25 indwelling intravenous lines for 17 @entity1 . Treatment indications were @entity943 , left @entity67 , gross @entity68 overload, and intolerability of subcutaneous @entity5532 . @entity943 were reversed in 6 of 6 @entity1 , and the left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 7 of 9 @entity1 from a mean (+/- SEM) of 36 +/- 2% to 49 +/- 3% (P =.002, n = 9). The serum ferritin fell in a biphasic manner from a pretherapy mean of 6281 +/- 562 microg/L to 3736 +/- 466 microg/L (P =.001), falling rapidly and proportionally to the pretreatment ferritin (r(2) = 0.99) for values >3000 microg/L but falling less rapidly below this value (at 133 +/- 22 microg/L/mo). The principal catheter-related complications were @entity281 and @entity1031 (1. 15 and 0.48 per 1000 catheter days, respectively), rates similar to other @entity1 groups. Only one case of reversible @entity5532 @entity137 was observed (retinal) when the therapeutic index was briefly exceeded. An actuarial survival of 61% at 13 years with no treatment-related mortality provides evidence of the value of this protocol. (Blood. 2000;95:1229-1236)

title: Long-term outcome of continuous 24-hour @entity5532 infusion via indwelling intravenous catheters in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['deferoxamine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'Cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This paper reports a case of an 87-year-old female @entity1 who was admitted for an emergency operation due to massive @entity548 of an ulceration localized on a huge @entity135 . Post-interventional diagnosis indicated hidradenocarcinoma. Hidradenocarcinoma is a rare @entity1489 . It can coincide with @entity652 , may develop through its malignant transformation or develop as a @entity5 from the beginning. It may be found in all dermal localizations. It may develop @entity3 or appear in the diffuse form. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surgical excision of the @entity5 was performed obtaining a surgical margin, completed with excision of local lymph nodes and multiple layer suturing. Due to lack of the @entity1 's consent, she has not been qualified for adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: Control examination 6 and 12 months later showed no signs of local recurrence or lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Surgical excision of apocrine hidradenocarcinoma with a surgical margin could present a good therapeutic effect in spite of lack of adjuvant therapy.

title: Neck sweat gland XXXX . Case study.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumor']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer hemorrhage']


abstract: A common chronic feature of @entity3458 is the presence of @entity158 , punched-out leg ulcers. Other cutaneous findings in @entity1 with homozygous @entity3458 have not been described in the literature. We present a case of a 50-year-old black @entity1 with @entity3458 who was admitted for acute onset of arm and @entity158 . After admission she deteriorated clinically, with @entity177 and mental status changes. Examination of the skin revealed erythematous papules and plaques with scaly centers and @entity4125 on the upper trunk. The clinical differential diagnosis was @entity1333 versus @entity295 . Skin biopsy of two representative lesions was performed. @entity1710 - and eosin-stained sections showed a superficial perivascular mixed inflammatory infiltrate with numerous eosinophils and extravasated erythrocytes, some of which exhibited bizarre morphology of sickled red blood cells. These findings indicated that the @entity1 's cutaneous lesions, possibly multifactorial in origin, could be a component of her sickle cell crisis. This case is presented as an unusual one in which evaluation of erythrocyte morphology contributed to @entity1 management and to emphasize the importance of examining erythrocyte morphology as a part of the histologic evaluation of stained tissue.

title: Purpura as a cutaneous association of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: Crystal-storing histiocytosis is an uncommon form of nonneoplastic histiocytic proliferation that in most @entity1 complicates an underlying lymphoproliferative or @entity4085 . Lung is a common site of involvement in @entity1 with @entity66 . We present an illustrative example from a 54-year-old @entity1 with an asymptomatic solitary lung nodule. The @entity5 was characterized by sheets of histiocytes with abundant cytoplasm expanded by distinctive eosinophilic inclusions. @entity39 was present. Aggregates of monocytoid lymphocytes and clusters of peribronchiolar plasma cells were overshadowed by the histiocytic infiltrate. Immunohistochemical stains showed @entity469 staining in nonneoplastic histiocytes and @entity2225 staining in monocytoid lymphocytes. In situ hybridization studies showed k light-chain restriction in plasma cells. These results, combined with the histologic findings, supported the diagnosis of crystal-storing histiocytosis complicating @entity1074 of @entity1074 . We review the literature pertaining to pulmonary crystal-storing histiocytosis, highlighting the differential diagnosis for this rare phenomenon.

title: Crystal-storing histiocytosis complicating primary XXXX of @entity1074 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Focal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['marginal zone lymphoma', 'mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell disorder']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['pulmonary marginal zone lymphoma']


abstract: The co-crystal approach has been investigated extensively over the past decade as one of the most promising methods to enhance the dissolution properties of insoluble drug substances. Co-crystal powders are typically produced by mechanical grinding (neat or wet) or a solution method (evaporation or cooling). In this study, high-purity @entity2049 - @entity8021 ( @entity2050 -SAC) co-crystals were manufactured by a novel method, anti-solvent addition. Among various solvents, @entity1042 was found to perform well with water as the anti-solvent for the co-crystallization of @entity2050 and SAC. When water was added to the @entity1042 solution of @entity2050 and SAC at room temperature under agitation, nucleation of @entity2050 -SAC co-crystals occurred within 2-3 min. Co-crystallization was complete after 30 min, giving a solid yield as high as 84.5% on a @entity2050 basis. The effects of initial concentrations, focusing on the SAC/ @entity2050 ratio, were examined to establish optimal conditions. The whole anti-solvent co-crystallization process was monitored at-line via ATR-FTIR analysis of regularly sampled solutions. The nucleation and crystal growth of @entity2050 -SAC co-crystals were detected by a significant increase in absorption in the range of 2400-2260 cm(-1), associated with the formation of @entity3884 bonds between the @entity6738 group in @entity2050 and the N-H of SAC. When @entity2050 hydrates were formed as impurities during anti-solvent co-crystallization, the @entity3884 bonding between @entity1042 and water was reduced greatly, primarily due to the incorporation of water molecules into the @entity2050 crystal lattice. In conclusion, an anti-solvent approach can be used to produce highly pure @entity2050 -SAC co-crystal powders with a high solid yield.

title: Anti-solvent co-crystallization of XXXX and @entity8021 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our study focuses on the long term result of open surgery and endovascular @entity1028 repair (EVAR) using the Zenith stentgraft. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 237 @entity1 underwent elective @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) repair between April 1999 and December 2006. Nineteen @entity1 underwent EVAR, whereas 218 @entity1 underwent open surgery. The mean follow-up time for EVAR group was 73.8    49 months (range; 25-150 months), and 69.7    46 months (range; 1-156 months) for open surgery group. RESULTS: One open surgery @entity1 (1/218, 0.46%) died of @entity1174 , whereas all the EVAR @entity1 survived the operation. Remote complications requiring reintervention occurred in 8 @entity1 (8/174, 4.6%) in open surgery group. Six EVAR @entity1 (6/19, 31.6%) developed late @entity439 expansion, among whom four @entity1 (4/19, 21.1%) required reinterventions after 3 or more years postoperatively. The need for reintervention persisted even at 11 years after initial EVAR. There was no significant intergroup difference in late mortality. CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant intergroup difference in early and long term mortality. Complications requiring reinterventions, however, were more frequent in EVAR than in open surgery, especially in the late period. Long term follow-up is mandatory for comparison of the clinical results between open surgery and EVAR.

title: Open surgery for XXXX in the era of endovascular repair: comparison with long term results of endovascular repair using zenith stentgraft.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: We report a 33-year-old @entity1 with bilateral @entity3541 due to @entity9144 . About three weeks after @entity5254 and @entity221 lasting four days, he noticed @entity1295 and @entity809 in all four extremities. Another week later, he developed @entity809 in his tongue and bilateral facial @entity425 , and was admitted to our hospital. On admission, neurological examination revealed moderate bilateral facial @entity425 , @entity809 in the tongue and four extremities, and decreased Achilles tendon reflex bilaterally. Mild pleocytosis and increased protein were found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). IgM antibodies that reacted with the antigens of @entity25974 and @entity21786 were found in his serum. Clinically and serologically, he was thus diagnosed as having @entity9144 . Brain MRI revealed @entity2287 -enhanced lesions of the bilateral facial nerves in the facial nerve canal portion. After three weeks of treatment with 100 mg/day @entity3403 and 2 g/day @entity2756 , his symptoms and @entity854 were rapidly improved. Although @entity3541 is a major symptom of @entity9144 , the present report is the first to detect the @entity922 in the facial nerve canal portion by MRI.

title: [A XXXX with @entity9144 presenting @entity2287 -enhanced MRI lesions in bilateral facial nerves].

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone sodium']

entities_list: @entity25974 :: ('29519', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia garinii']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia', 'mild paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity21786 :: ('29518', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia afzelii']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue in the legs']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CSF abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory lesions of the facial nerves']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The effect of the serum lipid levels on @entity174 and @entity79 is not clear. A total of 107 postmenopausal @entity1 aged 45-79 examined by lumbar spine, hip and radius @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurements, lateral dorsal and lumbar spine radiographies, routine blood tests and serum lipids [total @entity165 (TC), @entity412 (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C]. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected. Eighty-nine radiographies with good technical properties were scored by the Kleerekoper method. @entity1 with @entity174 had lower levels of TC, TG, LDL-C than the @entity1 without @entity174 . Total @entity165 level was the most prominent factor affecting the @entity174 existence. An increase of 1 mg/dl total @entity165 decreases the risk of vertebrae @entity174 by 2.2%. The existence of @entity170 due to T score was not influencing the lipid values. TC and LDL-C were weakly associated with @entity79 at the forearm UD region after the adjustment for the possible confounders. This study shows that the serum lipids have impact on vertebrae @entity174 existence rather than @entity79 alterations.

title: Serum lipid profile: its relationship with osteoporotic vertebrae fractures and @entity79 in Turkish postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebrae fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity3754 ( @entity3754 ) is a vector-borne @entity4801 that can clinically manifest as disabling @entity4269 . Although the @entity3754 elimination program aims to reduce disability and to interrupt transmission, there has been a scarcity of disease morbidity management programs, particularly on a national scale. This report describes the implementation of the first nationwide @entity3754 @entity4269 management program. The program, which was initiated in Togo in 2007, focuses on @entity1 behavioral change. Its goal is two-fold: to achieve a sustainable program on a national-scale, and to serve as a model for other countries. The program has five major components: 1) train at least one health staff in @entity4269 care in each health facility in Togo; 2) inform @entity1 with a swollen leg that care is available at their dispensary; 3) train @entity1 on self-care; 4) provide a support system to motivate @entity1 to continue self-care by training community health workers or family members and providing in home follow-up; and 5) integrate @entity4269 management into the curriculum for medical staff. The program achieved the inclusion of @entity4269 management in the routine healthcare package. The evaluation after three years estimated that 79% of @entity1 with a swollen leg in Togo were enrolled in the program. The adherence rate to the proposed World Health Organization treatment of washing, exercise, and leg elevation was more than 70% after three years of the program, resulting in a stabilization of the @entity4269 stage and a slight decrease in reported acute attacks among program @entity1 . Health staff and @entity1 consider the program successful in reaching and educating the @entity1 . After the external funding ended, the morbidity management program is maintained through routine Ministry of Health activities.

title: It is possible: availability of XXXX case management in each health facility in Togo. Program description, evaluation, and lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['LF', 'Lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: Studies have shown that @entity1 with @entity161 exhibit @entity227 , particularly regarding the processing of spatial frequencies. In a previous work, we found that, compared to healthy volunteers, @entity1 were biased toward low spatial frequencies (LSF) to identify facial expression at a glance. Given the ubiquity of faces in @entity227 , it remains an open question whether the LSF bias is face specific or also occurs with other visual objects. Here, 15 @entity1 with @entity161 and 11 healthy control adults performed a categorization task with hybrid stimuli. These stimuli were single images consisting of two different objects, a fruit and an animal, each in a specific spatial frequency range, either low (LSF) or high ( @entity650 ). Observers were asked to report if they saw an animal or a fruit. The reported category demonstrated which spatial scale was preferentially perceived in each trial. In a control experiment, @entity1 performed the same task but with images of only a single object, either a LSF or @entity650 filtered animal or fruit, to verify that @entity1 could perceive both @entity650 or LSF when presented in isolation. The results on the categorization task showed that @entity1 chose more frequently LSF with hybrid stimuli compared to healthy controls. However, both populations performed equally well with @entity650 and LSF filtered pictures in the control experiment, demonstrating that the LSF preference found with hybrid stimuli in @entity1 was not due to an inability to perceive @entity650 . The LSF preference found in @entity161 confirms our previous study conducted with faces, and shows that this LSF bias generalizes to other categories of objects. When a broad range of spatial frequencies are present in the image, as in normal conditions of viewing, @entity1 preferentially rely on coarse visual information contained in LSF. This result may be interpreted as a dysfunction of the guidance of @entity650 processing by LSF processing.

title: Low Spatial Frequency Bias in XXXX is Not Face Specific: When the Integration of Coarse and Fine Information Fails.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual perception', 'visual processing impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity15 involves @entity6220 . The molecular mechanisms of @entity528 are relatively unexplored in both @entity15 and its @entity19 model, experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . We previously reported that targeting the axonal growth inhibitor, @entity20 , may protect against @entity179 in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 ; however, the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear. We now show that the @entity45771 ( @entity45771 ), an important tubulin-associated protein that regulates axonal growth, is phosphorylated and hence inhibited during the progression of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 in degenerating axons. The phosphorylated form of @entity45771 (pThr555 @entity45771 ) is localized to spinal cord neurons and axons in chronic-active @entity15 . Specifically, pThr555 @entity45771 is implicated to be @entity43493 ( @entity43493 )-dependent, since @entity6504 ( @entity6504 )(35-55)-induced @entity43493 knock-out ( @entity43493 (-)(/)(-)) @entity19 display a reduced experimental autoimmune @entity1651 disease progression, without a deregulation of @entity43493 (-)(/)(-) @entity6504 (35-55)-reactive lymphocytes and monocytes. The limitation of @entity528 /loss in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 -induced @entity43493 (-)(/)(-) @entity19 is associated with lower levels of pThr555 @entity45771 in the spinal cord and optic nerve during experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . Furthermore, transduction of retinal ganglion cells with an adeno-associated viral vector encoding a site-specific mutant T555ACRMP-2 construct, limits optic nerve @entity528 occurring at peak stage of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . Therapeutic administration of the anti-Nogo(623-640) antibody during the course of experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , associated with an improved clinical outcome, is demonstrated to abrogate the protein levels of @entity21556 555 @entity45771 in the spinal cord and improve pathological outcome. We conclude that phosphorylation of @entity45771 may be downstream of @entity43493 activation and play a role in @entity528 in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 and @entity15 . Blockade of @entity20 / @entity43493 interaction may serve as a viable therapeutic target in @entity15 .

title: Limiting XXXX related axonopathy by blocking @entity43493 and @entity45771 phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity6504 :: ('17441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein', 'MOG']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination and axonal degeneration of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity45771 :: ('12934(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CRMP-2', 'collapsin response mediator protein 2']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis lesions', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the association between @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is established, the exact mechanism is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that @entity309 -related autoantibodies are independent risk factors for subclinical @entity731 and subsequent clinical @entity65 events. METHODS: MESA is a community based cohort study prospectively collecting @entity65 outcome and risk factor data in middle-aged to elderly multi-ethnic @entity1 since 2000. Rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti- @entity14965 ) by ELISA and coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) by CT were measured at MESA baseline in 6532 @entity1 who were followed 10.3 years for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) endpoints ( @entity583 , @entity1167 , @entity301 ) and @entity65 endpoints (includes @entity301 endpoints, @entity64 , @entity64 ). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression assessed associations between RF/anti-CCP and CAC or @entity65 endpoints. RESULTS: IgM RF, IgA RF anti-CCP, and Either RF Isotype predictors were positive in 15.8%, 8.7%, 2.0%, and 20.6%, respectively. 12.2% had CAC>= 300; 7.1% had @entity301 endpoints; 10.2% had @entity65 endpoints. IgA RF and anti-CCP were associated with CAC>= 300 in AA @entity1 (OR 2.4 [1.2-5.1], OR 4.1 [1.3-12.7] respectively). @entity309 -related autoantibodies were also associated with clinical @entity65 events in AA women (Anti-CCP: OR 5.3 [2.4-12.0], Either RF isotype: OR 2.4 [1.4-4.0]). There was a trend for association between autoantibodies and CAC in Caucasian @entity1 . No associations were found in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity309 -related autoantibodies are associated with subclinical and clinical @entity731 in AA @entity1 from a community based non- @entity309 cohort indicating autoimmune factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity731 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Rheumatoid Factors Are Associated with Subclinical and Clinical @entity731 in African American XXXX : The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke death', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'CHD death', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: 56 consecutive @entity1 with portal @entity101 were studied with percutaneous transhepatic portography and the results were correlated to clinical findings and the number of upper @entity360 and the size of the individual @entity548 . An abundance of collateral paths was noted in most @entity1 . No regularity in development of these collaterals was found. It was not correlated to @entity409 etiology, sex or liver function parameters. Portal pressure was not correlated to the size or amount of collaterals. In four @entity1 with @entity1575 hepato-fugal flow in one segment of the liver was noted proving that portal flow through the liver is not uniform in this disease. The size of the @entity548 was only correlated to presence of hepato-fugal flow in the main stem of the portal vein. It was not correlated to the estimated size of the oesophageal varices or to portal pressure. Percutaneous transhepatic portography seems to be of little help in selecting "high risk bleeders" in portal @entity101 . Other factors may be of greater help in this task as indicated by the findings in this investigation that @entity1 with @entity167 @entity82 had larger @entity548 than those with @entity82 of another etiology and that @entity1 with none or few @entity548 episodes had higher thrombocyte count than those with several @entity548 .

title: Correlation between percutaneous transhepatic portography and clinical findings in 56 XXXX with portal @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhages', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal haemorrhages']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1211 prevention during @entity3124 is a widely used quality metric. The objective of this systematic review was to systematically review the efficacy and safety of heparin thromboprophylaxis in medical-surgical @entity1 in the ICU. DATA SOURCES: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Clinicaltrials.gov, and personal files through May 2012. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized trials in adult medical-surgical ICU @entity1 comparing any heparin (unfractionated heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin) with each other or no anticoagulant prophylaxis, evaluating @entity1150 , @entity1151 , major @entity548 , or mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Independently, in duplicate, we abstracted trial characteristics, outcomes, and risk of bias. DATA SYNTHESIS: Seven trials involved 7,226 @entity1 . Any heparin thromboprophylaxis compared with placebo reduced rates of @entity1150 (pooled risk ratio, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.41, 0.63]; p<0.0001; I=77%) and @entity1151 (risk ratio, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.28, 0.97]; p=0.04; I=0%) but not symptomatic @entity1150 (risk ratio, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.59, 1.25]; p=0.43). @entity548 (risk ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.56, 1.21]; p=0.32; I=50%) and mortality (risk ratio, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.78, 1.02]; p=0.09; I=0%) rates were similar. Compared with unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin reduced rates of @entity1151 (risk ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.39, 1.00]; p=0.05; I=53%) and symptomatic @entity1151 (risk ratio, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.34, 0.97]; p=0.04) but not @entity1150 (risk ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.74, 1.08]; p=0.26; I=0%), symptomatic @entity1150 (risk ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.60, 1.25]; p=0.44; I=0%), major @entity548 (risk ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.75, 1.26]; p=0.83; I=0%), or mortality (risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.82, 1.04]; p=0.20; I=31%). CONCLUSIONS: Trial evidence to date suggests that any type of heparin thromboprophylaxis decreases @entity1150 and @entity1151 in medical-surgical @entity3124 @entity1 , and low-molecular-weight heparin compared with bid unfractionated heparin @entity1151 and symptomatic @entity1151 . @entity548 and mortality rates do not appear to be significantly influenced by heparin thromboprophylaxis in the ICU setting. Trial methodology, indirectness, and the heterogeneity and imprecision of some results temper inferences from this literature.

title: Heparin thromboprophylaxis in medical-surgical XXXX @entity1 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Major bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['decreases pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: A longitudinal study of circulating immune complexes (CIC), cancer antigen 125 ( @entity10224 ), @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and a sub-fraction of the TA-4 @entity957 tumor-associated antigen ( @entity6461 ) has been undertaken in 38 @entity1 with @entity2622 . Pre- and post-treatment values have been compared with those obtained in well-defined clinical remission and relapse phases of their disease. Each @entity5 marker was assessed in terms of "lead time" before clinically obvious recurrent disease became evident. The data from the four subjects with @entity420 gave equivocal results and no firm conclusions could be drawn. However, for the 34 @entity1 with @entity957 the medium value (data was skewed) for @entity6461 was elevated above normal in the presenting pretreatment sera (4.5 ng/ml) and significantly fell to 2.5 ng/ml post-treatment (P less than 0.01). A similar pattern was not apparent for CIC, @entity787 , or @entity10224 data. When results were examined for an individual @entity1 , of those with recurrent squamous cell lesions who died, 12/24 demonstrated elevated, and rising @entity6461 values before clinical evidence of the disease and a further 6 (25%) at the time recurrence was clinically evident. This information gave lead times of between 2 and 52 months (median 13 months) for 75% of @entity1 . Only 1 subject had values which remained in the normal range (less than 2 ng/ml) even though their disease was progressive. Similarly of the subjects still in clinical remission 8/9 had values within the normal range. The data for CIC, @entity10224 , and @entity787 were not individually useful as a marker. Furthermore, combining the data from all analytes to give a panel of potential markers did not improve the prognosis already evident with @entity6461 alone. It has therefore been concluded that @entity6461 is a useful biochemical marker of the progression of @entity957 .

title: @entity2622 : a comparison of four potential biochemical XXXX markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']