abstract: UNASSIGNED: During the last decade, @entity227 have been used repeatedly to understand similarities and differences in visual perception of @entity1 and non- @entity1 animals. However, nearly all studies have focused only on illusions not related to motion perception, and to date, it is unknown whether non- @entity1 primates perceive any kind of motion illusion. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ) perceived one of the most popular motion illusions in @entity1 , the @entity717 ( @entity717 ). To this purpose, we set up four experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects initially were trained to discriminate static versus dynamic arrays. Once reaching the learning criterion, they underwent probe trials in which we presented the @entity717 and a control stimulus identical in overall configuration with the exception that the order of the luminance sequence was changed in a way that no apparent motion is perceived by @entity1 . The overall performance of monkeys indicated that they spontaneously classified @entity717 as a dynamic array. Subsequently, we tested adult @entity1 in the same task with the aim of directly comparing the performance of @entity1 and non- @entity1 primates (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, we found that monkeys can be successfully trained to discriminate between the @entity717 and a control stimulus. Experiment 4 showed that a simple change in luminance sequence in the two arrays could not explain the performance reported in Experiment 3. These results suggest that some @entity2608 display a @entity1 -like perception of this motion illusion, raising the possibility that the neurocognitive systems underlying motion perception may be similar between @entity1 and non- @entity1 primates.

title: Do @entity2608 ( XXXX ) perceive illusory motion?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys', 'Macaca mulatta']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual illusions']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'Rotating Snake illusion']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['Macaca mulatta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thrombin has a role not only in the coagulation process but also in inflammatory responses. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are currently being evaluated in @entity1 with @entity1031 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an oral DTI affects markers for platelet and inflammatory activity after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: A total of 518 @entity1 with @entity583 were randomly assigned to @entity24772 treatment (four different dose groups) in combination with @entity117 , or @entity117 alone for 6 months. The levels of soluble (s) @entity8729 , soluble tissue factor, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity688 and @entity8923 were analysed in serial blood samples. RESULTS: sP-selectin concentration increased after 1 week and persisted at an elevated level for 6 months in all study groups (P < 0.001). In the two highest @entity24772 dose groups, there was a reduced increase in sP-selectin compared to treatment with lower doses of @entity24772 and @entity117 alone (P = 0.01 and P = 0.002, respectively). @entity8923 levels did not change in the @entity117 alone treatment group. By contrast, there was an elevation in @entity8923 level in the lower and higher @entity24772 dose groups after 6 months (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively). @entity24772 increased @entity688 levels (P = 0.002) and reduced the decrease in @entity1851 levels after 6 months compared to treatment with @entity117 alone (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: A persistent elevation of platelet activity is found in @entity1 with a recent @entity583 after the cessation of acute antithrombotic treatment, and the addition of an oral DTI at higher doses decreases the activity. By contrast, long-term treatment with a DTI increases the levels of several markers of @entity32 . Further studies with prolonged exposure of oral DTIs are needed for evaluation of the effect on inflammatory processes and to determine whether these agents influence clinical outcomes.

title: Treatment with an oral direct thrombin inhibitor decreases platelet activity but increases markers of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran', 'Ximelagatran']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the challenges in the current expansion of endoscopic sinonasal surgery is the ability to adequately reconstruct the skull base. Laser tissue welding (LTW) uses laser energy coupled to a biological solder to produce tissue bonds with burst thresholds exceeding @entity1 intracranial pressure. This technology could be used to reduce the rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. We performed this study to determine whether LTW can create durable tissue bonds in sinonasal mucosa that support normal wound healing and produce minimal collateral @entity130 . METHODS: Bilateral maxillary sinus mucosal incisions were made in 20 New Zealand white @entity95 and one side was repaired using LTW. Burst pressure thresholds were measured on postoperative days 0, 5, and 15 and were compared with control using a two- way ANOVA and a post hoc Tukey test. Welds were examined histologically for @entity130 , @entity32 , and @entity3385 and graded on a 4-point scale by three blinded observers. RESULTS: The burst pressures of the LTW group were significantly higher than control on postoperative day 0 (120.85 mm Hg, N = 4, SD = 47.84 versus 7.85 mm Hg, N = 4, SD = 0.78), and day 5 (132.56 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 24.02 versus 41.7 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 7.2; p < 0.05). By postoperative day 15 there was no significant difference between LTW (169.64 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 18.49) and control (160.84 mm Hg, N = 8, SD = 14.16) burst thresholds. There was no evidence of @entity130 to the surrounding tissue in any group as well as no difference between experimental group and control with respect to @entity32 or @entity3385 . CONCLUSION: This is the first in vivo study showing that LTW is capable of producing tissue bonds exceeding @entity1 intracranial pressure with negligible @entity130 in sinonasal tissue. Welding can be performed endoscopically using a fiberoptic cable and may be useful in CSF leak and skull base repair.

title: In vivo laser tissue welding in the XXXX maxillary sinus.

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18067 Background: The combination of pemetrexed plus @entity900 (PC) was recently approved in the initial treatment of advanced stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Studies reported comparable efficacy of the combination pemetrexed plus @entity3003 (PCar) in the same setting. METHODS: We assessed 69 @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 treated with pemetrexed combined to @entity900 or @entity3003 from January 2004 to June 2010. Clinical data was collected and the following endpoints were analysed: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR) and @entity137 profile. We performed univariate analysis to identify the predictive factors of response to both combinations. RESULTS: Twenty six (37.68%) @entity1 were treated with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) plus @entity900 75 mg/m(2) and 43 (62.32%) with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) plus @entity3003 AUC 5 every 21 days. The groups were well matched for age, sex, TNM stage, smoking status and histology. There were significantly more @entity1 with ECOG 2 in the PCar group (46.5% vs. 15.6%, p=0.009). The efficacy of PCar and PC combinations were comparable in @entity1349 (11.64 x 9.96 months; p=0.96), PFS (5.69 x 7.04 months; p=0.60), ORR (37.21% x 42.31%; p=0.50) and DCR (86.05% x 80.70%; p=0.63). Both combinations were well tolerated and the rate of grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 was significantly higher in the PCar group (25.5% x 3.8%; p=0.003). The group with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) had comparable @entity1349 to the group with objective response (OR) (10.33 x 15.60 months, respectively; p=0.27). Non-squamous cell histology had a significantly longer @entity1349 than squamous cell histology (13.1 x 8.2 months; p=0.033). In the univariate analysis, non-squamous was the only predictor of response. CONCLUSIONS: PCar presents efficacy and safety comparable to PC in the community setting. @entity1 with @entity66 had @entity1349 comparable to @entity1 with OR. Non-squamous cell histology is the only predictive factor for treatment response with PCar and PC.

title: Comparison of pemetrexed plus XXXX versus pemetrexed plus @entity3003 in the initial treatment of locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The guidelines established by the National @entity5 Network do not describe mucinous histology as a clinical factor that should influence the therapeutic algorithm. However, previous studies show conflicting results regarding the prognosis of @entity14 . In this study, we described the clinicopathological features of @entity3079 in Japan, to identify optimal therapeutic strategies. METHODS: 144 @entity1 with mucinous and 2673 with non-mucinous @entity420 who underwent primary resection in two major centers in Yokohama, Japan were retrospectively evaluated for clinicopathological features and treatment factors. A multivariate analysis for overall survival followed by the comparison of overall survival using Cox proportional hazard model were performed. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity3079 had larger primary lesions, higher preoperative @entity787 levels, a deeper depth of invasion, higher rates of nodal and distant @entity3 , and more metastatic sites. A multivariate analysis for overall survival revealed a mucinous histology to be an independent prognostic factor. In the subgroup analysis stratified by stage, @entity1 diagnosed as stageIII and IV disease had a worse survival in @entity3079 than non-mucinous, while survival did not differ significantly in @entity1 diagnosed as Stage0-II disease. In stageIII, local recurrence in rectal cases and peritoneal dissemination were more frequently observed in @entity1 with a mucinous histology. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indentified that @entity3079 was associated with a worse survival compared with non-mucinous in @entity1 with stageIII and IV disease. In rectal StageIII disease with mucinous histology, additional therapy to control local recurrence followed by surgical resection may be a strategical alternative. Further molecular investigations considering genetic features of mucinous histology will lead to drug development and better management of peritoneal @entity3 .

title: The clinicopathological features of XXXX and a therapeutic strategy for the disease.

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Comprehensive Cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if adrenal glands are enlarged in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity308 are insensitive to glucocorticoid feedback regulation. @entity308 @entity1 have excessively high glucocorticoid levels and @entity10163 . To our knowledge, this is the first study of adrenal size in @entity15 . Chronic high levels of adrenal glucocorticoid in @entity15 may downregulate responses to exogenous or endogenous @entity230 . DESIGN: Retrospective postmortem analysis compared adrenal size in @entity15 with that in other neurologic and @entity16 . SETTING: Autopsy cases were obtained from the records of a tertiary care hospital. @entity1 : Ten @entity1 had definite @entity15 ; 13, @entity746 ; and 14, @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adrenal and body weight at autopsy. RESULTS: At postmortem examination, the adrenal glands of @entity1 with @entity15 were enlarged in comparison with the adrenal glands of @entity1 who died of @entity583 or @entity746 . The adrenal glands of the @entity1 with @entity15 were 36% larger than those of the @entity1 with @entity746 who had comparable body weights. The adrenal-body weight ratio was 40% greater in @entity1 with @entity15 than in @entity1 who died of @entity583 . CONCLUSIONS: The increased adrenal size in @entity1 with @entity15 may allow excessive glucocorticoid secretion in response to stress and affect immune regulation.

title: Adrenal size is increased in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['enlarged adrenal glands']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity652 with @entity9272 is extremely rare in pediatrics. Although the @entity5 is usually asymptomatic, sometimes it may result in serious manifestations. A 16-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with severe @entity101 associated with a right adrenal mass. The laboratory work-up was inconclusive of the nature of the @entity5 . Plasma and urinary hormonal studies were not diagnostic. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) scanning were normal. MRI of the abdomen showed a heterogeneous adrenal mass 4.2x3.3 cm. Laparoscopic resection of the mass was done, and the pathology revealed an @entity652 with @entity9272 . After @entity5 resection the @entity101 resolved, and within 1 month the @entity1 was off medications. At 2-year follow-up the @entity1 's blood pressure remained normal at 120/73 mmHg. This is a case in which an @entity652 with @entity9272 , a benign and usually asymptomatic @entity5 , presented as severe @entity101 resolving with surgical resection of the @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy of an @entity652 with @entity9272 relieves severe XXXX in a 16-year-old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['meta-iodobenzylguanidine', 'MIBG']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal adenoma', 'adrenal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity9272 :: ('MESH:D018209', 'Disease') :: ['myelolipoma']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AM14 rheumatoid factor (RF) B cells in the MRL/lpr @entity19 are activated by dual BCR and @entity49735 ligation and differentiate into plasmablasts via an extrafollicular (EF) route. It was not known whether this mechanism of activation of RF B cells applied to other lupus-prone @entity19 models. We investigated the mechanisms by which RF B cells break tolerance in the NZM2410-derived B6. @entity60455 . @entity5813 . @entity60456 (TC) strain in comparison with C57BL/6 (B6) controls, each expressing the AM14 H chain transgene in the presence or absence of the @entity9749 (a) autoantigen. The TC, but not B6, genetic background promotes the differentiation of RF B cells into Ab-forming cells (AFCs) in the presence of the autoantigen. Activated RF B cells preferentially differentiated into plasmablasts in EF zones. Contrary to the MRL/lpr strain, TC RF B cells were also located within germinal centers, but only the formation of EF foci was positively correlated with the production of RF AFCs. Immunization of young TC.AM14 H chain transgenic mice with @entity9749 (a) anti-chromatin immune complexes (ICs) activated RF B cells in a BCR- and @entity14540 -dependent manner. However, these IC immunizations did not result in the production of RF AFCs. These results show that RF B cells break tolerance with the same general mechanisms in the TC and the MRL/lpr lupus-prone genetic backgrounds, namely the dual activation of the BCR and @entity14540 pathways. There are also distinct differences, such as the presence of RF B cells in GCs and the requirement of chronic @entity9749 (a) anti-chromatin ICs for full differentiation of RF AFCs.

title: Activation of rheumatoid factor-specific B cells is antigen dependent and occurs preferentially outside of germinal centers in the lupus-prone NZM2410 XXXX model.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: This paper reports the preliminary results of a prospective randomized trial comparing endoscopic variceal @entity1463 and distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) in the management of @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity548 . Seventy-one @entity1 have been entered; 36 have received @entity1463 and 35 DSRS. Randomization of the study population was stratified on @entity1 's A/B (56%) and @entity1 's C (44%). Sixty-one per cent had alcoholic and 39% non-alcoholic @entity82 . No @entity1 have been lost to follow-up, which currently stands at a median of 26 months. Rebleeding occurred significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequently in @entity1 in the @entity1463 group (19 of 36: 53%) compared to DSRS (1 of 35: 3%), but only 11 of 36 (31%) were not controlled by further @entity1463 and failed that therapy. @entity1 in whom @entity1463 failed underwent surgery. Survival was significantly (p less than 0.01) improved in the @entity1463 group (+ surgery in 31%), with an 84% 2-year survival compared to a 59% 2-year survival in the DSRS group. Portal perfusion was significantly (p less than 0.05) better maintained in the @entity1463 (95%) compared to the DSRS (53%) group. @entity3649 elimination capacity improved significantly (p less than 0.05) in 21 @entity1 successfully managed by @entity1463 at 1 year and was significantly (p less than 0.01) better maintained in the @entity1463 compared to DSRS group. The authors conclude that endoscopic @entity1463 : has a higher rebleeding rate than DSRS, with one third of @entity1 failing therapy from rebleeding; allows significant improvement in liver function when successful; and gives significantly improved survival in the management of @entity548 when backed up by surgical therapy for @entity1 with uncontrolled rebleeding.

title: Distal splenorenal shunt versus endoscopic sclerotherapy for long-term management of XXXX . Preliminary report of a prospective, randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['variceal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['Galactose']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['variceal bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 on RRT with regard to @entity308 , @entity148 , and adjustment to illness. MATERIAL: The study was conducted between 1996 and 1998 at a teaching hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The study population included 125 @entity1 (transplant n = 64, hemodialysis n = 42 and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis [CAPD] n = 19). METHODS: The Beck @entity308 Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory (STAI), and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS) were used for @entity1 assessment. Results were analyzed using the Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and ANOVA tests. RESULTS: @entity308 scores were higher for hemodialysis @entity1 compared with transplant @entity1 (H = 15.22; p < 0.005). CAPD @entity1 had intermediate scores (no statistical difference). As far as @entity148 was concerned, no statistical difference was observed when the groups were compared. In terms of adjustment to illness, hemodialysis @entity1 were significantly less well adjusted than transplant @entity1 (H = 23.34; p < 0.001). @entity1 on CAPD had intermediate scores, with no significant difference compared with the other two groups. CONCLUSION: The overall quality of life of transplant @entity1 is higher than that of hemodialysis @entity1 .

title: @entity308 , XXXX and adjustment in renal replacement therapy: a quality of life assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and pathologic effects of @entity2332 and high-dose barbiturate therapy on @entity519 / @entity2806 after near-drowning in @entity1 . Of 40 near-drowned @entity1 admitted to the ICU, 13 died, seven had permanent @entity75 , and 20 survived. Twenty-four @entity1 (group 1) were treated with a regime of hyperventilation, @entity2332 , and high-dose @entity109 while @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was continuously monitored. Of ten who died in this group, three were diagnosed as having @entity1620 shortly after admission; autopsy revealed severe @entity2657 with @entity3976 . The remaining seven nonsurvivors had severe @entity12807 without raised @entity428 and had the features of severe adult @entity649 and @entity519 / @entity2806 to other organs. Six of these seven @entity1 developed @entity295 which was invariably associated with a profound @entity1398 . Sixteen @entity1 (group 2) were treated with a similar protocol but without @entity2332 . Three of these @entity1 died but only one developed @entity295 . @entity1398 after resuscitation from near-drowning seemed to indicate a poor prognosis; the mean polymorphonuclear leukocyte count in nonsurvivors (1.9 +/- 0.5 X 10(9) cell/L) was significantly (p less than .01) lower than that in survivors (6.4 +/- 1.1 X 10(9) cell/L). @entity2332 was associated with a decreased number of circulating PMNs but did not increase the number of neurologically intact survivors. Similarly, although barbiturates may control @entity428 , their use did not improve outcome. Because severe @entity2657 and @entity3976 after near-drowning is usually associated with irreversible @entity75 , measures to control @entity4 such as @entity2332 and barbiturates will be of little benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of XXXX , barbiturate therapy, and @entity428 monitoring on morbidity and mortality after near-drowning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage', 'ischemic cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage', 'brain damage']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral death']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Paraspinal @entity5 in the thoracic region are not a rare clinical entity in neurosurgical practice. They usually consist of intrathoracic and intraspinal parts, namely dumb-bell type. However, in some rare cases, they might display a bidirectional extraspinal growing pattern, compromising three components with intraspinal, intrathoracic, and subcutaneous parts, thus appearing to be shamrock-like. Despite its benign nature, the removal of this type of @entity5 could be challenging for both neurosurgeons and thoracic surgeons, especially when the @entity5 has grown to an enormous size. PURPOSE: We present a case of a giant paraspinal shamrock-shaped @entity808 in the T9-T12 level resected completely by one-stage combined surgery of hemilaminectomy and posterolateral thoracotomy performed by an interdisciplinary team of neurosurgeons and thoracic surgeons. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Operating room of a large tertiary medical center where expertise and equipment of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and neuroanesthesia are readily available. METHODS: Under generalized anesthesia, the @entity1 was intubated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube to allow one-lung ventilation during the thoracotomy, and he was then placed in the left lateral position. Because of the giant subcutaneous mass, the normal hemilaminectomy could not be carried out like it usually would be. Thus, we did slight modification to the standard hemilaminectomy; first, by elevation of a skin flap to allow in situ excision of the subcutaneous portion of the @entity5 , then followed by a standard unilateral laminectomy to remove the intraspinal portion, done by neurosurgeons, and finally, posterolateral thoracotomy to remove the intrathoracic part, performed by a thoracic team. RESULTS: The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging scan showed complete @entity5 , and the @entity1 experienced an improvement in lower extremity @entity425 with no new @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case to demonstrate the removal of giant paraspinal shamrock-shaped @entity808 in the thoracic level. The combined approach of modified hemilaminectomy and posterolateral thoracotomy was proven to be appropriate in managing such cases, making this procedure a potential addition to present methods.

title: One-stage removal of a giant thoracic paraspinal shamrock-shaped XXXX via modified hemilaminectomy and posterolateral thoracotomy.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neurogenic tumors', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: Coexistence of @entity1582 and @entity2590 was noted in a @entity1 without history of exposure to cytotoxic drugs. A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity221 and @entity1353 on exertion. A complete blood count revealed @entity17443 with hemoglobin 7.1 g/dl, RBC 191 x 10(4)/microliters and MCV 111.2 fl. WBC was 6,000/microliters, with normal differentials. Bone marrow showed @entity1373 with M/E ratio of 1.36. There were marked tri-lineage cellular abnormalities, which included @entity8117 changes, multinucleated erythroblasts, @entity6415 of neutrophils, giant neutrophils, and giant platelets. Ringed-sideroblasts were demonstrated in 20% of the erythroblasts. These findings were compatible with @entity2590 . Although plasma cells accounted for only 9.7% of the nucleated marrow cells, there were many immature plasma cells with inclusion bodies, and the @entity1 showed lambda-light chain type @entity1581 with corresponding Bence Jones protein. Immuno-histochemical staining of the bone marrow biopsy specimen revealed monoclonal growth of lambda-positive plasma cells. A punched-out lesion of the skull eventually developed. These findings suggest existence of @entity1582 . There have been some reports of coexistence of @entity2590 and @entity1582 ; supporting the idea of pluripotent stem cell origin of the disease. This is the first documentation of such a case in Japan.

title: [Coexistence of @entity1582 and primary @entity2590 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity17443 :: ('MESH:D000748', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['hypersegmentation']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8117 :: ('MESH:D000749', 'Disease') :: ['megaloblastic']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['MDS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During fiberoptic tracheal intubation, passage of the fiberscope itself to the @entity825 is often fairly easy, but passage of the tube into the @entity825 may be difficult or even impossible. A new type of disposable endotracheal tube, the Parker @entity5274 , has a tip that reduces the gap between the fiberscope and the inside of the tube. Thus, theoretically, a smaller risk of impinging on laryngeal structures during insertion in @entity825 is expected. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 scheduled for elective anesthesia using orotracheal intubation were randomized to either a Parker @entity5274 or a standard (Portex) 7.5-mm-ID endotracheal tube. Blinding was obtained by having the tube premounted on the fiberscope (Olympus LF-1; diameter of fiberscope = 4 mm) and thereafter covered with a black opaque plastic bag. Difficulty in placing the tube was scored using an objective standardized grading system. RESULTS: Seventy-six @entity1 completed the study. The use of the Parker @entity5274 reduced the incidence of need for repositioning of the tube during insertion into @entity825 from 89% to 29% (P < 0.0001) when compared to the standard tube. The median time for passage of the tube into the @entity825 was reduced from 20 s to 7.5 s (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: During oral fiberoptic intubation, the use of the Parker @entity5274 is associated with greater incidence of initial success of passage of the tube into @entity825 when compared to a standard endotracheal tube.

title: The Parker XXXX versus a standard tube for fiberoptic orotracheal intubation: a randomized double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Flex-Tip tube']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['Flex-Tip tube']


abstract: The GAGE family of highly related @entity5 antigens is expressed in a variety of @entity5 . This albeit silent gene expression resulted in resistance of cells to various apoptotic agents such as Fas, @entity379 , @entity1311 , or gamma-radiation. We now report that GAGE overexpression in either HeLa (expressing endogenous GAGE) or HEK293 (devoid of GAGE expression) rendered those cells unsusceptible to cell death induced by @entity379 . We investigated the underlying mechanism of GAGE-induced cell survival upon treatment with @entity379 in this report. We showed that GAGE overexpression resulted in down-regulation of a key player of @entity379 -signaling pathway, @entity9688 ( @entity9688 ), and its target genes @entity9302 and @entity14544 . An interaction between GAGE and @entity9688 is detected in cells. Furthermore, GAGE interacted with a multifunctional protein @entity8102 ( @entity8102 )/ @entity8102 and increased its abundance by stabilizing the protein. Increased level of @entity8102 / @entity8102 in conjunction with decreased level of @entity9688 could aid GAGE-induced resistance to @entity379 . Our results suggest that GAGE could rescue cell death induced by @entity379 by altering the level of key players in cell death pathways. As GAGE is silent in most healthy tissues, targeting GAGE could result in therapeutic interventions in @entity5 therapy.

title: GAGE, an antiapoptotic protein binds and modulates the expression of @entity8102 / XXXX and @entity9688 .

entities_list: @entity9688 :: ('3659', 'Gene') :: ['interferon regulatory factor 1', 'IRF1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity8102 :: (4869,Gene) :: ['B23']


abstract: Substances known or suspected to cause subtle or transient anatomical alterations in renal development were administered prenatally or neonatally to @entity35 in order to determine whether they are capable of altering renal functional development. @entity3812 alters mitotic activity and cytoskeletal structure and is teratogenic in many species. Since the kidney of the newborn @entity35 undergoes extensive cellular proliferation and nephron differentiation, it is possible that neonatal administration of @entity3812 may affect nephron development. Dinoseb and @entity27178 have previously been reported to produce a high incidence of dilated renal pelvis in the term @entity35 fetus. @entity3812 was injected sc, at 75 micrograms/kg, to @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 1 @entity35 . Dinoseb was administered ip to pregnant @entity35 on Gestation Days 10-12 at doses of 8 or 10.5 mg/kg/day, and @entity27178 was administered ip at doses of 200, 250, or 300 mg/kg/day on Gestation Days 11-12. Renal function was examined in pups from immediately after birth through weaning. Maximal urine concentrating ability was measured after @entity7062 ( @entity7062 , a @entity1951 analog) injection in suckling @entity35 , and after 24 hr of @entity1949 in weanlings. Proximal tubule transport was measured in renal cortical slices. Basal urinary parameters, including urine flow, osmolality, pH, and @entity2865 content, were measured. @entity3812 treatment had no effect on body weight or kidney weight. There was a significant decrease in maximal urine osmolality in @entity227 30 @entity35 measured after 24 hr of @entity1949 . The urine concentrating deficit detected in functionally mature @entity227 30 @entity35 suggests that @entity3812 treatment during renal histogenesis causes a latent deficit in medullary function in the absence of any gross morphological effects. The 10.5 mg/kg/day dose of dinoseb caused a @entity353 which persisted after weaning. Urine volume after @entity7062 challenge was increased over controls in both dose groups on @entity227 6, but maximal urine concentration was unaffected. On @entity227 14, maximal urine concentration after @entity7062 injection was decreased in the 10.5 mg/kg/day group. By @entity227 30, urine concentrating ability was comparable to controls. Renal cortical slices from the 10.5 mg/kg/day dose group had an enhanced ability to accumulate organic anions on @entity227 3 and 31, but opposite effects were observed in the low-dose group. No other renal functional parameters were altered. Urine osmolality after @entity7062 challenge was decreased over controls in the 250 mg/kg/day @entity27178 group on @entity227 6, and urine volume was increased in this group after @entity7062 injection on @entity227 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Functional teratogens of the @entity35 kidney. I. @entity3812 , dinoseb, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'Postnatal Day']

entities_list: @entity7062 :: ('MESH:D003894', 'Chemical') :: ['DDAVP', 'desmopressin acetate']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction in neonates']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity27178 :: ('MESH:C033069', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine', 'Colchicine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity27178 :: (MESH:C033069,Chemical) :: ['methyl salicylate']


abstract: The increasing resistance of @entity3964 falciparum to antimalarial monotherapy (MT) has created an urgent need for the evaluation of alternative effective, safe, cheap, readily available and affordable, combination treatments (CT) with antimalarial drugs. In the present study, the efficacies of @entity503 (CQ) or @entity16944 (AQ) in the oral treatment of acute, symptomatic, uncomplicated, @entity3964 @entity311 were compared with those of oral treatments with the combination of CQ or AQ with @entity4765 - @entity9230 (PS). The CQ and AQ were each given at a dose of 10 mg/kg.day for 3 days (days 0, 1 and 2), with or without PS given as a single dose (25 mg @entity9230 /kg) at presentation (day 0). Overall, 303 @entity1 aged 0.5-10 years (74 given CQ, 82 AQ, 72 CQPS and 75 AQPS) were evaluated. The fever-clearance time (FCT) was significantly shorter in those treated with AQPS than in those treated with CQ or CQPS. The proportions of @entity1 with complete clearance of their parasitaemias on days 1 and 2 were significantly larger and the @entity4801 ( @entity4801 ) were all significantly shorter with the drug combinations than with their corresponding MT. For example, the mean (S.D.) @entity4801 were 2.6 (0.8) days for CQ v. 2.1 (0.8) days for CQPS (P=0.0002), and 2.6 (0.7) days for AQ v. 2.1 (0.7) days for AQPS (P=0.00001). The cure 'rates' on days 14, 21 and 28 were also significantly higher with AQ, CQPS and AQPS than with CQ; those on day 28, for example, were 47.2%, 98.7%, 100% and 100% for CQ, AQ, CQPS and AQPS, respectively (P=0.000001). Gametocyte carriages on day 3 or on days 3, 7 and/or 14 combined were significantly lower in those treated with CQPS than in those given CQ; there was no gametocyte carriage in the CT groups on day 28. In the CQ group, eight of 13 @entity1 with gametocytaemia on day 3 had a response indicative of resistance. However, the five CQ-resistant infections that were re-treated with AQPS responded promptly, with a @entity4801 significantly shorter than that during the initial treatment with CQ and with a cure 'rate' of 100% on day 28. Adverse reactions to treatment were similar on the first and subsequent days of treatment and were tolerable except for @entity111 , which was significantly more common in @entity1 treated with CQ alone than in the other treatment groups. Haematological and biochemical parameters were not adversely affected by any treatment. The CQPS and AQPS combinations appear to be well tolerated and may be useful as alternatives to monotherapy with CQ or AQ as resistance to the single drugs develops.

title: A randomized comparison of @entity503 , XXXX and their combination with @entity4765 - @entity9230 in the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, @entity3964 @entity311 in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9230 :: ('MESH:D013413', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadoxine']

entities_list: @entity16944 :: ('MESH:D000655', 'Chemical') :: ['amodiaquine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasite-clearance times', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

answer: @entity16944 :: (MESH:D000655,Chemical) :: ['amodiaquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhanced advanced glycation end products deposition within myocardial tissue may cause @entity67 . However, whether this is related to @entity4346 or inappropriate left ventricular mass remains unclear. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 139 subjects at risk for @entity65 . We used echocardiography for measurements of left ventricular mass and cardiac systolic and diastolic functional parameters. An advanced glycation end product reader was applied for measurements of skin autofluorescence values. Comparisons of left ventricular mass and echocardiographic parameters between the higher and lower skin autofluorescence groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with the lower skin autofluorescence group, left ventricular mass index and the ratio of observed left ventricular mass/predicted left ventricular mass (oLVM/pLVM) was significantly higher in the higher skin autofluorescence group (61.22      17.76 vs. 47.72      11.62, P  <  0.01, 1.62      0.38 vs. 1.21      0.21, P  <  0.01). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, skin autofluorescence was an independent factor for left ventricular mass index (b  =  0.32, P  <  0.01) and the ratio of oLVM/pLVM (b  =  0.41, P  <  0.01). Skin autofluorescence  >= 2.35 arbitrary unit predicted @entity4346 at a sensitivity of 58.8%, and a specificity of 73.0% (P  <  0.01). Skin autofluorescence  >= 2.25 arbitrary unit predicted inappropriate left ventricular mass at a sensitivity of 71.1%, and a specificity of 83.9% (P  <  0.01). Skin autofluorescence was positively correlated with E/E', an indicator for @entity67 (r  =  0.21, P  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Skin autofluorescence is a useful tool for detecting @entity4346 , inappropriate left ventricular mass and @entity67 .

title: Skin autofluorescence is associated with inappropriate left ventricular mass and XXXX in subjects at risk for @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical phenotype in a Chinese family with congenital @entity82 of extraocular muscles and to identify the location of candidate gene of the disease in chromosome. METHODS: The clinical feature of all affected members in this family were examined. A genome-wide linkage screening was conducted. Direct genomic sequencing was used to evaluate the candidate gene @entity18356 . RESULTS: Four affected members in the pedigree were born with classic phenotype of CFEOM. By linkage analysis the disease gene was mapped to chromosomal region 12p11.2-q12 defined by microsatellite markers D12S1648 and D12S1668. The maximum Lod Score was 2.12 (D12S1090). Direct sequence showed no mutation in all exons and exon-intron boundaries of the candidate gene @entity18356 , a polymorphism substitution occurred in the exon 21. CONCLUSIONS: The disorder in this family should be referred as @entity18356 which was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The candidate gene was linked to @entity18356 locus on chromosome 12p11.2-q12, between marker D12S1648 and D12S1668. It's more likely that @entity18356 is not the disease causing gene in this family.

title: [The clinical manifestation and linkage analysis in one Chinese family with congenital XXXX of extraocular muscles].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compares the midterm results of mitral valve repair using the biodegradable ring versus repair with non-ring annuloplasty techniques for @entity339 in young @entity1 where it was not possible to use standard commercial rings. METHODS: Between February 2006 and November 2011, 68 @entity1 underwent mitral valve repair for @entity339 . Thirty-nine (57%) @entity1 underwent concomitant annuloplasty using the biodegradable ring (group A) and 29 (43%) @entity1 using non-ring annuloplasty techniques (group B). The median age of repair was 2 years (range 1 month to 14 years). RESULTS: There were no hospital deaths or major postoperative morbidity. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years (range, 2 months to 5.1 years), overall survival at 5 years was 97%    3% for group A and 88%    8% for group B (p  = 0.29). Freedom from @entity712 was 90%    7% in group A and 74%    9% in group B (p  = 0.026). The freedom from reoperation was 100% in group A and 84%    9% in group B (p  = 0.04). The mean transmitral gradients were 4.3    1.8 mm Hg in group A and 4.2   1.7 mm Hg in group B (p  = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair using the biodegradable ring for @entity339 was superior compared with non-ring annuloplasty repair. Excellent survival benefit, freedom from reoperation, and @entity712 without significant elevation of transmitral gradients, suggests its important role in young @entity1 with smaller annular sizes where standard commercial rings are not available or recommended.

title: Mitral Valve Repair for Congenital XXXX : Impact of the Use of a Biodegradable Annuloplasty Ring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['valve failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mitral valve disease']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Valve Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation may underlie @entity5 -related @entity1295 ; however, there are no studies that assess the relation between @entity1295 and cytokines in @entity1 with @entity1442 versus @entity1 without disease activity. Furthermore, the relation between cytokines and the separate dimensions of @entity1295 is unknown. Here, association of plasma levels of inflammatory markers with physical @entity1295 and mental @entity1295 was explored in @entity5 @entity1 and @entity5 survivors. METHODS: A total of 45 @entity5 @entity1 and 47 @entity5 survivors completed the subscales Physical Fatigue and Mental Fatigue of the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory. Plasma concentrations of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity687 ( @entity687 ), and @entity6421 were measured. Nonparametric tests were used to assess differences in @entity1295 intensity and levels of inflammatory markers and to determine correlation coefficients between the @entity1295 dimensions and inflammatory markers. RESULTS: Compared with @entity5 survivors, @entity1 with @entity5 had higher levels of physical @entity1295 (median 16 vs 9, P < .001) and mental @entity1295 (median 11 vs 6, P = .01). They also had higher levels of all cytokines (P < .01). In @entity5 , @entity1851 (r = 0.49, P = .001), @entity650 (r = 0.43, P = .003), @entity1193 (r = 0.32, P = .03), and @entity6421 (r = 0.25, P = .10) were correlated with physical but not with mental @entity1295 . In @entity5 survivors, only @entity1193 was related to both physical @entity1295 (r = 0.24, P = .10) and mental @entity1295 (r = 0.35, P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity5 , @entity32 seems to be associated with physical @entity1295 , but not to mental @entity1295 . In @entity5 survivors, there was no convincing evidence that @entity32 plays a major role in @entity1295 .

title: @entity32 in XXXX @entity1 and @entity5 survivors: an explorative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 receptor antagonist', 'IL-1-ra']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the presence of smoke-like echoes with a characteristic swirling motion of blood in echocardiography. Previous clinical studies have demonstrated that @entity8 is a risk factor for left @entity715 formation and an important indicator of potential systemic @entity887 originated from heart. An established relation exists between the inflammatory status and the prothrombotic state. Therefore, we investigated the role of inflammatory status on @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ). A total of 62 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4794 who undergoing mitral balloon valvuloplasty were enrolled in the present study. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups according to the formation of @entity8 in the left atrium. Of the 62 @entity1 , 32 (mean age 45    12 years; 75% @entity1 ) were in the @entity8 -negative group and 30 @entity1 (mean age 45    11 years; 63% @entity1 ) were in the @entity8 -positive group. The high-sensitive @entity1851 levels were significantly greater in the @entity8 -positive group than in the @entity8 -negative group (3.9    2.2 vs 10.6    6.3, p = 0.024). The neutrophil levels (64.6    9.4 vs 72.6    8.6) were significantly greater in the @entity8 -positive group, and the lymphocyte levels (24.4    6.9 vs 18.3    6.0) were significantly greater in the @entity8 -negative group (p = 0.001 for each). The neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was also significantly greater in the @entity8 -positive group (3.0    1.8 vs 4.5    1.8, p = 0.003). In the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, a N/L ratio > 3.1 mg/dl had a 80% sensitivity and 72% specificity in predicting @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity4794 . On multivariate analysis, high-sensitive @entity1851 (odds ratio [OR] 1.235, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.040 to 1.466; p = 0.016), N/L ratio (OR 1.461, 95% CI 0.977 to 2.184; p = 0.02), left atrial volume (OR 3.012, 95% CI 1.501 to 5.611; p = 0.001), and mitral valve area (OR 0.135, 95% CI 0.020 to 0.503; p = 0.017) were independent risk factors of @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity4794 . In conclusion, the high-sensitive @entity1851 and N/L ratio were independently associated with @entity8 in @entity1 with @entity4794 .

title: Relation of left atrial spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in @entity1 with XXXX to inflammatory markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['SEC', 'Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['atrial thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: Between 1982 and 1994 28 @entity1 were treated for acute lateral knee @entity130 ; 25 @entity1 , with a median age of 25.5 (range 16-75) years at injury, appeared for follow-up. Seven @entity1 had @entity130 of the lateral collateral ligament/capsular structures, the remaining 19 @entity1 had concomitant @entity130 in the knee. Eight @entity1 were treated conservatively, 1 with plaster immobilization and 7 with early mobilization. Eighteen @entity1 underwent surgery, 17 of these within 3 weeks of injury. Repair/reconstruction of the cruciate ligaments was done at the same time as the lateral collateral ligament repair in 10 @entity1 . At follow-up after a median of 7.5 years (range 6 months to 13 years), 11 had no varus instability, 7 had 1+, 5 had 2+, and 2 @entity1 had 3+ varus instability. All @entity1 with a final result of 2+ or 3+ had combined @entity130 . The surgically treated lateral collateral @entity130 all had a primary instability of 2+ or more. These @entity1 showed an improvement in varus instability from a mean of 2.83+ preoperatively to a mean of 1.17+ postoperatively. Two-thirds of the surgically treated @entity1 were stable or had a 1+ instability at follow-up. One conservatively treated @entity1 with a 2+ varus instability and 1 with 1+ showed no improvement. Five conservatively treated @entity1 with initial varus instability of 1+ were stable at follow-up. One @entity1 with a 1+ varus instability had anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 . He had a primary ACL reconstruction without lateral repair. He had no varus instability at follow-up. Our study supports the notion that operation performed at an early stage in fresh injuries with a varus instability of 2+ or more gives improved stability as a final result. Conservative treatment may not be expected to give an improved stability, but is sufficient in mild varus instability (1+) without additional cruciate @entity130 .

title: Lateral XXXX of the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injuries', 'isolated injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between the ocular hemodynamic and the incidence of @entity2806 in @entity543 @entity1 . METHODS: Case-control study. Seventy-two cases @entity1 with @entity543 including 22 cases of @entity385 group, 14 cases of lacunar @entity385 group and the control group of the other 36 @entity1 without @entity385 were recruited. All @entity1 were measured with hemodynamic parameters of the ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery and posterior ciliary artery. PSV, EDV, PI and RI were also measured. The other risk ischemic cerebral vascular factors were obtained through the questionnaire and venous blood sampling. The differences of 3 groups and the influences of the other risk factor of hemodynamic were calculated. RESULTS: PSV of ophthalmic artery was(25.96    12.63)cm/s in @entity385 group, (32.63    13.25) cm/s in lacunar infarction group and (39.46    14.97)cm/s in control group. EDV of ophthalmic artery was(6.09    3.10) cm/s in @entity385 group, (6.57    2.85)cm/s in lacunar infarction group and (9.73    5.02) cm/s in control group. PSV of central retinal artery was (8.06    2.98) cm/s in @entity385 group, (8.91    2.76) cm/s in lacunar infarction group and (9.71    2.60)cm/s in control group. The differences were statistically significant (F = 13.393, 12.609, 5.027, P < 0.01). EDV of central retinal artery was (2.46    0.77) cm/s in @entity385 group, (2.35    0.89)cm/s in lacunar infarction group and (2.73    0.86)cm/s in control group. There was no statistical difference of EDV of @entity20171 in three group (F = 2.405, P = 0.094). CONCLUSIONS: There was association between the ocular hemodynamic parameters and the incidence of @entity63 in the @entity543 @entity1 . Increased level of PSV and EDV of the ophthalmic artery raised the risk of the incidence of @entity63 .

title: [Evaluating the risk of @entity2806 with ocular hemodynamics in XXXX @entity1 .]

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebral vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: @entity2193 , @entity121 resulting from disturbances during the secretory phase of enamel development, are generally believed to result from nonspecific metabolic and nutritional disruptions. However, data are scare on the prevalence and chronological distributions. of @entity509 in populations experiencing mild to moderate @entity3147 . The purpose of this article is to present baseline data on the prevalences and chronological distributions of @entity2193 , by sex and for all deciduous and permanent @entity1347 , in 300 5 to 15-year-old rural Mexican @entity1 . Identification of @entity509 was aided by comparison to a published standard (Federation Dentaire Internationale: Int. Dent. J. 32(2):159-167, 1982). The location of defects, by transverse sixths of tooth crowns, was used to construct distributions of defects by age at development. One or more @entity509 were detected in 46.7% (95% CI = 40.9-52.5%) of @entity1 . Among the unworn and completely erupted teeth, the highest prevalence of defects was found on the permanent maxillary central incisors (44.4% with one or more @entity509 ), followed by the permanent maxillary @entity235 (28.0%) and the remaining permanent teeth (26.2 to 22.2%) Only 6.1% of the completely erupted and unworn deciduous teeth were hypoplastic. The prevalence of enamel defects on the permanent teeth was up to tenfold greater than that found in studies of less marginal populations that used the FDI method. The prevalence of defects in transverse zones suggests a peak frequency of @entity509 during the second and third years for the permanent teeth, corresponding to the age at weaning in this group. In the deciduous teeth, a smaller peak occurs between 30 and 40 weeks post gestation. The frequency of defects after three years of age is slightly higher in females than males, suggesting a sex difference in access to critical resources.

title: Prevalence and age at development of @entity2193 in Mexican XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior teeth']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasias']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypoplasias', 'Enamel hypoplasias']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in enamel thickness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most cement leaks during vertebroplasty are asymptomatic, but @entity1151 has been reported to cause @entity65 and even death. Adding @entity692 (HA) to polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ) cement to reduce the quantity of barium may aggravate @entity65 in the event of @entity887 by activating coagulation. Thus, we investigated the cardiovascular changes after @entity1151 of @entity4625 with and without HA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 13 @entity742 , cement (2.0 mL) was injected into the pulmonary trunk. Two different cements were used: 1) standard @entity4625 and 2) @entity4625 with 10% HA ( @entity4625 _ HA). Arterial, central @entity998 were monitored continuously until 60 minutes after the injection. Blood gases and coagulation parameters (antithrombin, D-dimer) were measured before and after injection. RESULTS: Mean pulmonary arterial pressure had increased by approximately 9% ( @entity4625 ) and 14% ( @entity4625 _ HA) 1 minute after injection and stayed elevated. There were no significant differences between the groups. No evidence of @entity1031 was detected. CONCLUSION: @entity887 did not result in clinically significant @entity120 . Adding HA to @entity4625 cement did not cause more severe cardiovascular changes.

title: Cardiovascular changes after @entity1151 : an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['venous and pulmonary arterial pressures, heart rate, and cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary cement embolism']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['Cement embolism', 'cement embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disturbances', 'cardiovascular deterioration']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate the potential for injectable, permanent bone augmentation by assessing the biocompatability and bioactivity of subperiosteal @entity692 (Radiesse) deposition in a @entity35 model. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal model. METHODS: Fourteen adult @entity35 were injected in the parietal skull with 0.2 ml of @entity692 (10 animals) or 0.2 ml of a carrier gel control (4 animals), using a subperiosteal injection technique on the right and a subcutaneous injection technique on the left. At 1, 3, and 6 months, three @entity35 (1 negative control, 2 variables) were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested. At 12 months, the remaining five @entity35 were sacrificed. After each harvest, the specimens were processed and then examined under both light and polarized microscopy for new bone growth at the injection sites. RESULTS: The inflammatory response was limited with both @entity692 and carrier injections. Injectables were still present 12 months after the injection. New bone formation was only observed when the injection was located deep to a disrupted periosteum The odds of new bone formation was 48.949 times higher (95% confidence intervals CI [2.637, 3759.961]; P=0.002) with subperiosteal @entity692 injections compared to all other combinations of injection plane and injectable. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary report of subperiosteal @entity692 (Radiesse) injection in a @entity35 model has verified the biocompatibility of injectable @entity692 at the bony interface and suggests the potential for new bone formation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: A preliminary report of percutaneous craniofacial osteoplasty in a XXXX calvarium.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors given concurrently with chemotherapy do not improve @entity1 outcomes compared with chemotherapy alone in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Pharmacodynamic separation by intermittent delivery of @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors with chemotherapy may increase efficacy by overcoming hypothesized antagonism. METHODS: Two dose-escalating phase I trials (arm A and arm B) were conducted simultaneously. Pemetrexed was given every 21 days (500 mg/m intravenously). In arm A, @entity3866 was given weekly on days 2, 9, and 16 (800-1400 mg). In arm B, @entity3866 was given on days 2 to 16 (150-250 mg). @entity1 continued therapy until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 , including 16 @entity1149 , were treated. @entity1 characteristics included median age of 63 (range, 29-77), 19 males, and Karnofsky performance status >or=90/<90 = 27/15. The median number of cycles was 2. Treatment was well tolerated. Planned dose escalation was completed without reaching a maximum tolerated dose. Dose-limiting @entity137 included grade 3 @entity281 /fever (arm A: 500/1200) and grade 3 @entity281 / @entity1398 (arm B: 500/150). @entity1910 frequency was 55% in arm A and 90% in arm B. There were six partial responses (four lung, one head and neck, one breast) and 16 stable diseases. Four @entity1 with @entity1149 remained on therapy for 9, 16, 16, and 22 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first clinical trial to test intermittent @entity3866 plus pemetrexed. Pemetrexed 500 mg/m and weekly @entity3866 1400 mg (arm A) or pemetrexed 500 mg/m and @entity3866 250 mg on days 2 to 16 (arm B) are feasible and well tolerated. Arm B efficacy is being examined in a randomized phase II trial for second-line @entity1149 .

title: Intermittent XXXX in combination with pemetrexed: phase I schedules designed to achieve pharmacodynamic separation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor receptor', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: @entity6898 has been shown to facilitate wound healing by stimulating fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. It has also been reported to possess a powerful anti-apoptotic function This study compared the histological pulp responses to @entity6898 on collagen carrier and @entity15383 placed on the mechanically exposed dental pulp in monkeys at two observation periods. Thirty-six teeth with pulp exposures were distributed into three groups according to the capping agents used prior to application of the coronal seal: collagen-based matrix carrier (group 1), @entity6898 on the collagen-based matrix carrier (group 2) and aqueous @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] paste (group 3). Specimens were harvested at 6 and 13 weeks postoperatively and prepared for @entity1710 and @entity1711 , and Gram staining. Histological qualitative evaluation of pulp responses were performed under the light microscope following criteria modified from Cox et al. (17) and Hu et al. (18). Semi-quantitative analysis was also carried out using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. There was neither negligible inflammatory infiltrates with no bacteria present in the three groups at both timings, nor was there any significant difference in the soft tissue organization among the three groups at or between the 6- and 13-week observation periods. At 6 weeks, the hard tissue barrier produced by @entity15383 group (1.040 +/- 0.089) was significantly more superior than @entity6898 /collagen carrier group (1.930 +/- 0.825) (P = 0.030) as well as collagen carrier group (3.142 +/- 1.069, P = 0.018). At 13 weeks, both @entity6898 /collagen carrier group (1.214 +/- 0.485) and the collagen carrier group (1.457 +/- 0.814) produced significantly better hard tissue barrier (P = 0.040 and P = 0.017, respectively) than earlier timing. However, these two groups did not induce significantly improved hard tissue barrier compared to that produced by aqueous @entity15383 paste which stimulated matrix secretion in a polar tubular dentin-like pattern.

title: Comparison of acidic fibroblast growth factor on collagen carrier with XXXX as pulp capping agents in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity6898 :: ('2246', 'Gene') :: ['aFGF', 'Acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF)']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxide']

answer: @entity6086 :: (MESH:D002126,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1560 affects 20%-30% of adults. Because of the increasing gap between graft supplies and demands, livers with @entity1560 are frequently used in liver transplantation. But severely steatotic liver grafts are associated with a high risk of @entity260 . Accurate assessment of fat content of donor livers and monitoring of the extent of @entity1560 in recipients are required for liver transplantation. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between liver echogenicity and fat content, and to evaluate the use of an ultrasonic @entity262 ( @entity262 ) in the assessment of changes in fat content after liver transplantation. METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive @entity1 receiving liver grafts from living donors were evaluated in our center. Of these recipients, 67 survived for more than two years and were included in this study. Each liver graft was evaluated with @entity262 and ultrasound before operation and the fat content was estimated. The fat content of the grafts in the recipients was again assessed with ultrasound at 18 months after surgery. RESULTS: A correlation was detected between each graft's @entity262 value and its fat content (P=0.001). The @entity262 value in fatty grafts with various degrees of @entity1560 was significantly decreased in 3 (P=0.02), 12, 15 and 18 (P=0.001) months after orthotopic liver transplantation. The @entity262 value returned to normal in all @entity1 in 18 months after liver transplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased fat content in steatotic grafts can be observed in all recipients. Ultrasonic @entity262 is useful in determining the steatotic degree of grafts in donors as well as in monitoring the grafts after liver transplantation.

title: Ultrasonic integrated backscatter in assessing XXXX before and after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['integrated backscatter system', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['Liver steatosis', 'steatosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['liver steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity19473 is a long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist and was shown to be effective in the @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) after tonsillectomy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of early vs late intraoperative administration of @entity19473 with regard to prevention of @entity1209 during the first 48 h after extubation. METHODS: In a randomized double-blind study, we investigated 120 @entity1 aged 1-12 years undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. @entity1 received 0.1 mg x kg(-1) @entity19473 (maximum 2 mg) immediately after inhalational induction (early) and establishment of intravenous access or after the end of surgery before extubation (late). @entity1209 and the need for antiemetic rescue medications were recorded within the following 48 h. @entity1 data were analyzed using t-test, chi-squared test (significance level of alpha = 0.05) and Spearman rank correlation test. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity391 was 55.3%, with 60% (36/60) in the early treatment and 51.6% (31/60) in the late treatment group (P = 0.46). The observed time course 48 h postoperatively showed no difference regarding the number of @entity391 episodes between the two groups and the need for antiemetic rescue medication. The incidence of @entity390 was higher in the late application group in the first 6 h after extubation (P = 0.001) and higher in the early application group between 24 and 48 h after extubation (P = 0.02). @entity1286 and the age over 3 years had a strong influence on the incidence of @entity391 . CONCLUSION: The intraoperative time point (early vs late) of intravenous administration of a single prophylactic dose of @entity19473 has no impact on the incidence of @entity1209 during the first 48 h after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in @entity1 .

title: Early vs late intraoperative administration of @entity19473 for the prevention of @entity390 and XXXX in @entity1 undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron', 'Tropisetron']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of follow-up investigations of @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ) and @entity784 ( @entity784 ), including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, bone marrow (BM) aspiration, peripheral blood (PB) count, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and chest X-rays in @entity1 with an initial mediastinal enlargement. PROCEDURE: We reviewed clinical records of all @entity11511 @entity1 from 1987 to 2002 and all @entity784 @entity1 from 1977 to 2002, seen at a single institution. RESULTS: Of 48 @entity11511 @entity1 , 15 suffered from a relapse, 6 (40%) were asymptomatic at the time of relapse. @entity11511 (13/30) with mediastinal enlargement at first diagnosis relapsed versus 2/16 of those without mediastinal enlargement. However, at relapse, only one @entity1 had a mediastinal mass, which in addition was symptomatic. Of 39 @entity784 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 relapsed. Forty percent of relapsed @entity11511 and 17% of relapsed @entity784 were asymptomatic. The seven asymptomatic relapses were detected by CSF (n = 4), BM (n = 2) or blood count (n = 1) examinations. All @entity11511 and @entity784 @entity1 with a mediastinal relapse were symptomatic. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that routine CSF examinations during treatment can detect relapses of @entity11511 and @entity784 before onset of symptoms, which might be of clinical value. Relapses are rarely detected by BM or blood examinations and whether this translates in a clinical benefit is unlikely. Routine chest X-rays are not useful.

title: The clinical value of follow-up examinations in XXXX and @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-NHL', "T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity11511 :: (MESH:D054218,Disease) :: ['childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Current @entity6 management requires the collection of a large volume of data by the @entity1 for analysis by his or her provider. There are numerous practical and technical barriers to doing this effectively and efficiently. In addition, the calculation of the correct insulin dose is complex because it requires considering anticipated @entity1735 consumption and exercise in addition to the current blood @entity413 level. A @entity6 Management and Communication System (DMCS) has been developed using a Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC with a Sprint PCS wireless AirCard. This system circumvents the problem of multiple proprietary programs for each brand of meter and permits the accurate determination of the proper insulin dose. Privacy is maintained by using only the iPAQ serial number as the @entity1 identifier with access to the website protected by unique @entity1 and provider passwords. The iPAQ was programmed with formulas that included: insulin sensitivity factor, current @entity413 level, amount of @entity3363 , appropriate @entity1735 :insulin ratio for that meal, and duration/intensity of exercise. Once the information is entered, an insulin dose is calculated, although an alternative dose can be selected. The data are downloaded to http://www.HealthSentry.net, where they are displayed in both tabular and graphic form. The @entity1 may view the @entity413 data in both tabular and graphic form on the iPAQ. Thus a DMCS has been developed to assist @entity1 and providers in improving glycemic control. A proof-of-concept study is underway to determine the effectiveness of the DMCS in @entity1 with @entity6 who are currently using insulin pumps.

title: A wireless XXXX management and communication system.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Type 1 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: 260 beta hemolytic streptococci were isolated from clinical specimens sent to Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Anadolu University between September 1988 - September 1989. They were grouped according to their sensitivity to @entity3637 and @entity206 / @entity207 (SXT) and also serologically. Of 260 isolates, 83.8% were group A, 1.2% group B, 6.5% group C, 3.5% group D and 5% were group G. All of 121 group A isolates confirmed serologically were susceptible to @entity3637 . Excluded 9 strains, all of them were resistant to SXT. Other groups were mostly resistant to @entity3637 . While group C and G generally were susceptible to SXT, B and D were resistant. Streptococci were documented according to distribution of clinical specimens. From throat 191 group A, 16 group C, 1 group D and 11 group G; from nose 7 group A; from pus 19 group A, 4 group D and 1 group G; from vagina 1 group A, 3 group B, 2 group D and 1 group G; from urine 2 group D; from blood 1 group C were isolated. All isolates were tested for @entity3397 sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. While one of three group B strains and four of eight group D strains were resistant to @entity3397 , all the other isolates were susceptible to @entity3397 .

title: [Grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from clinical specimens and their sensitivity to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity3397 :: (MESH:D010400,Chemical) :: ['penicillin G']


abstract: Magnevad II is an improved version of Magnevad I and both are fourth-generation axial flow left ventricular assist devices. A major simplification has been implemented and tested. Magnevad I used a magnetically suspended rotor requiring active axial control. Magnevad II is completely passive but otherwise similar. A self-washing radial hydrodynamic bearing suspends the rotor. In the axial direction, noncontact axial stiffness is provided by opposing pairs of repulsion magnets (called bumper magnets). Rotor location shifts in response to differential pressure. A low-cost position sensor measures this motion to provide pump differential pressure. This is used to create pulsating flow and physiologic control (like Magnevad I). @entity2142 of Magnevad II using @entity1 blood was very low with a normalized index of @entity2142 at 0.001-0.002 g/100 L. Our first @entity742 trial took place in September 2004. No @entity715 or deposits were found in the disassembled pump. Longer @entity742 trials are scheduled in March 2005 at the Foundation Cardio-Infantil in Bogota, Colombia.

title: Magnevad status of design improvements XXXX blood results and preliminary @entity742 trial.

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis', 'Hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3520 Background: Advances in chemotherapy and surgery have increased the number of @entity14 @entity1 eligible for hepatic resection. Detection of extrahepatic metastases is important to avoid futile liver surgery. Uncontrolled studies have reported change of management in 20-30% of cases when PET staging is compared with CT alone. There are no large RCTs assessing the additional benefits of PET/CT after the decision to operate based on high quality CT imaging. METHODS: A multicenter trial where 404 @entity1 with @entity14 deemed eligible for hepatic surgery were randomized 2:1 to PET (with a PET/CT) or no PET. Abnormal PET findings were characterized with further imaging +/- biopsy. Surgeons reported planned and actual surgery at specific times in both arms. The primary objective was to determine the proportion of @entity1 who had a change in management resulting from PET defined as cancelled liver surgery (including open/close surgery as a result of PET) and more extensive liver or additional organs surgery. The use of a no-PET control arm ensured a true surgical comparator and will allow a survival analysis in the future. The sample size was based on the assumption that 25% of PET @entity1 would have a management change, and 15% would avoid futile surgery. RESULTS: Between Nov 2005 and Apr 2010, 404 @entity1 were randomized: 270 to PET. Of the 263 @entity1 with PET, 20 (7.6%) had a change in management based on PET; 10 (3.8%) avoided futile laparotomy, 3 (1.1%) had directed open/close procedures (1 laparoscopy, 2 laparotomy), and 7 (2.7%) had more extensive liver (3) or additional resectional organ surgery (4). Liver resection was performed in 93% of PET and 93% of control @entity1 . Open/close surgery occurred in 10 (3.7%) and 4 (3.0%) @entity1 in the PET and control arms respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of staging PET/CT in @entity1 with @entity14 prior to planned liver resection had substantially less impact on surgical management than expected. Our study highlights the importance of comparative effectiveness research to evaluate imaging technology in an era of rising health care costs.

title: An Ontario Clinical Oncology Group (OCOG) randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing FDG PET/CT in resectable liver XXXX ( @entity14 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'CAM']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of imaging technology, an increasing number of multiple primary @entity2 (MPLC) are diagnosed in recent years. However, there is still ambiguity in the stage classification rules for @entity1 with MPLC. Our purpose was to access the prognosis of synchronous and metachronous MPLC. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed on four databases (EBSCO, Pubmed, OVID and Springer) to obtain relevant articles. We used published hazard ratios (HRs) of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) if available or estimates from the published survival data. RESULTS: There were 1796 @entity1 with MPLC in 22 relevant studies, who were eligible for analysis. We found that the @entity1349 of @entity1 with synchronous MPLC was inferior to the one of metachronous MPLC @entity1 when starting from the diagnosis of the first @entity5 (HR 3.36, 95% CI 2.39-4.74; p<0.001). However, there was no difference when starting from the diagnosis of the second @entity5 (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.86-1.66; p=0.29). From further analysis we found the @entity1349 of @entity1 with MPLC was superior to that of @entity1 with intrapulmonary @entity3 (HR 2.66, 95% CI 1.30-5.44; p=0.007). Besides, we found no difference in @entity1349 between synchronous (HR 1.39, 95% CI 0.98-1.96; p=0.06) and metachronous (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.75-1.47; p=0.77) @entity1 , in spite of the histology. In terms of unilateral and bilateral MPLC @entity1 , the @entity1349 had no difference either (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00-1.69; p=0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that MPLC had @entity2 @entity1 with intrapulmonary @entity3 . And despite the @entity5 -free interval, the @entity1349 for metachronous MPLC was as good as that for synchronous MPLC. Furthermore, there was no difference of @entity1349 in different subgroups, including histology and position.

title: Prognosis of synchronous and metachronous multiple primary XXXX : Systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['better OS than the lung cancer', 'lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported that increased @entity413 levels were associated with higher serum @entity842 (NO) levels in @entity948 -fed insulin resistant @entity35 . However, the relationship between @entity4854 and serum NO level was not clear. Therefore, the present study was designed to find the association between @entity4854 and serum NO levels in @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) @entity1 and T2DM with @entity65 . METHODS: Endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with of @entity413 (10-100mM), and NO levels and @entity3623 gene expression was measured. Hyperglycaemia was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats, and serum NO levels were measured after 8 weeks. For clinical evaluation, five groups of @entity1 were recruited: Control (CT, n=48), @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM, n=26), T2DM with @entity101 (DMHT, n=46), @entity453 ( @entity453 , n=29) and T2DM with @entity453 (DMCD, n=38). NO ( @entity3542 + @entity1507 ) levels were measured from human serum. RESULTS: We found a significant (p<0.05) and dose-dependent increase in NO levels in HUVEC cells after 4 hours of high @entity413 exposure. eNOS and @entity3623 gene expression was increased in HUVEC cells after different concentrations and time periods of @entity413 treatment. We also observed significant (149.1  25 M, p<0.01) increase in serum NO levels in hyperglycaemic @entity35 compared to control (76.6  13.2 M). Serum NO level was significantly higher in T2DM (111.8  M (81.7-122.4), p<0.001) and DMCD @entity1 ((129.4  M (121.2-143.5), p <0.001) but not in @entity453 @entity1 (76.4  M (70.5-87)), as compared to control (68.2  M (56.4-82.3)). We found significantly lower NO levels (83.5  M (60.5-122.9)) in subjects suffering from @entity6 since more than 5 years, compared to subjects (115.3  M (75.2-127.1), p<0.001) with less than 5 years. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, high NO levels were observed in South Indian @entity6 @entity1 . Higher @entity413 levels in serum might be responsible for activation of endothelial cells to enhance NO levels.

title: Hyperglycaemia enhances XXXX production in @entity6 : a study from South Indian @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complication']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery diseases', 'Coronary artery diseases']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Vigilance states, cortical temperature (TCRT), and electroencephalograph (EEG) slow-wave-activity (SWA, mean power density in the 0.75-4.0 Hz range) of ten @entity35 were recorded continuously during a baseline day, and two recovery days (Recovery 1 and 2) after 24 h of @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ). The short term changes of TCRT were analysed within episodes of @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ), REM sleep (REMS) and waking (W), and at transitions between vigilance states. SWA was analysed within @entity1319 episodes and at W to @entity1319 (WN) transitions. TCRT increased during episodes of W and REMS, and decreased during @entity1319 episodes. These changes were a function of episode duration, and, for W and @entity1319 , of TCRT at episode onset. In Recovery 1 the increase in TCRT at @entity1319 to REMS (NR) and @entity1319 to W (NW) transitions tended to be attenuated. SWA within @entity1319 episodes was enhanced after @entity1949 . Over all experimental days, the increase of SWA and the decrease of TCRT in @entity1319 episodes were not correlated. It is concluded that during recovery from @entity1949 the changes in TCRT at state transitions were little affected. The lack of a relationship between changes in TCRT and SWA indicates that separate mechanisms underlie the regulation of brain temperature and sleep intensity.

title: Cortical temperature and EEG slow-wave activity in the XXXX : analysis of vigilance state related changes.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['NREMS', 'nonrapid eye movement sleep']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2339 function, in Brahman heifers of differing temperament, was evaluated using separate challenges with @entity17141 and ACTH. Exit velocity (EV) measurement was used to classify heifer temperament as calm [C; consisted of 6 slowest heifers (EV=1.05+/-0.05 m/s)] or temperamental [T; 6 fastest heifers (EV=3.14+/-0.22 m/s)]. During the 6 h prior to @entity17141 challenge, areas under the ACTH (P=0.025) and @entity701 (P<0.001) curves were greater in the temperamental heifers. Baseline @entity701 (P<0.001) but not ACTH (P=0.10) differed between temperament groups. Following @entity17141 challenge, areas under the ACTH (P=0.057) and @entity701 (P<0.01) response curves were greater in the calm animals. The same animals were subjected to an ACTH challenge 14 d following their utilization in the @entity17141 stimulation experiment. Prior to ACTH challenge, baseline @entity701 concentrations were higher (P<0.001) in the temperamental heifers (T=18+/-2.6, C=4.3+/-0.6 ng/mL). Following ACTH administration, area under the @entity701 response curve was greater (P=0.07) in the calm heifers. After declining below baseline concentrations during the post-challenge recovery period, @entity701 in temperamental animals was again greater (P=0.02) than in the calm heifers. These data demonstrate that @entity291 with an excitable temperament exhibit increased stress responsiveness to handling, increased baseline adrenal function but not increased basal pituitary function, and a muted responsiveness to pharmacological stimulus. Thus, functional characteristics of the @entity2339 vary with animal temperament.

title: Functional characteristics of the XXXX @entity2339 vary with temperament.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The association between the use of oral contraceptives and the development of @entity0 was re-examined at a 3-day conference in which research from the US, the UK, Scandinavia and New Zealand was presented. It was agreed that earlier use of oral contraceptives did not appear to increase the risk of @entity0 in @entity1 over 45. However, no consensus was reached on whether an increased risk was present in @entity1 under age 35. Evidence from the UK suggest the overall chance of a @entity1 developing @entity0 at any time in her life was 1 in 14, while in @entity1 under 35 it was 1 in 500 in the absence of oral contraceptives, and 1 in 350 for @entity1 under 35 using the pill. Another study from the UK revealed that the risks were lower in those @entity1 taking the newer low-dose pills with less @entity172 . Furthermore, it was suggested that progestagen-only pills might have a protective effect against @entity0 . Also discussed at the conference were the benefits of the pill, such as its great efficacy, good acceptability, and its role in a 50% decrease in both @entity43 . No definitive view on the matter of oral contraceptives and @entity0 was reached. It was concluded that more research is needed in the developed countries, as well as in the developing world. In the meantime, the International Medical Advisory Panel and the British Committee on Safety of Medicines agree that no change in oral contraceptive prescribing practice is currently necessary. The association between oral contraceptives and @entity0 , however, should remain under regular review.

title: Oral contraceptives and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian and endometrial cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between juxtapapillary diverticulum (JD) and @entity697 ( @entity697 ), and to analyze laboratory data to reveal the underlying mechanism. We conducted a retrospective review of 139 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) between April 2008 and March 2013 for diagnosis or treatment of biliary tract conditions. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison of variables between @entity1 with or without JD. The    (2) test was used to analyze the association between JD and @entity697 duct dilatation. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables with strong correlation with @entity697 . ERCP was attempted in 139 @entity1 , but in one @entity1 the endoscope did not reach the papilla of Vater because of a partial gastrectomy, and in two @entity1 evaluation for JD was not possible because of duodenal or papilla of @entity5 . Therefore, 136 @entity1 were included in this study. JD was significantly associated with @entity697 (P<0.0001) and bile-duct dilatation (P=0.0107), and @entity697 was strongly associated with bile duct dilatation (P=0.0013). Alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with JD (P=0.0237). In @entity697 @entity1 without JD,    (2) for @entity1851 was 4.48 (P=0.0342), whereas in @entity697 @entity1 with JD,    (2) values for the white blood cell count, alkaline phosphatase, and @entity492 aminotransferase were 2.62, 3.1, and 3.61, respectively (P=0.025, 0.015, and 0.0336, respectively). JD was strongly associated with @entity697 . Logistic regression analysis suggested that bile flow was disturbed with JD.

title: Association between juxtapapillary diverticulum and XXXX determined using laboratory data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholangitis', 'AC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Vater cancer']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute cholangitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because the differential polarization of T cells in response to antigen presentation is dependent on the maturational state of dendritic cells (DCs), we hypothesized that the adoptive transfer of immature myeloid DCs (iMDCs) would prolong graft survival. METHODS: To evaluate this hypothesis, we studied the effects of transfer of iMDCs and mature myeloid DCs (mMDCs) on @entity35 cardiac allograft survival. RESULTS: Whereas iMDCs that do not express costimulatory molecules induce allogeneic T-cell @entity6306 in coculture studies, mMDCs that express high levels of major histocompatibility complex class II costimulatory and maturation molecules induce a robust allostimulatory T-cell response. Adoptive transfer of @entity35 Furth iMDCs, unlike mMDCs, 7 days before cardiac transplantation significantly prolonged graft survival. It was important that adoptive transfer of iMDCs combined with 0.5 mL @entity8667 ( @entity8667 ) transient immunosuppression on day -7 led to donor-specific permanent graft survival in 50% of recipients. In contrast, adoptive transfer of mMDCs combined with @entity8667 led to graft survival similar to that in recipients treated with @entity8667 alone. Stimulation of @entity11264 T cells isolated from the spleen of unresponsive allograft recipients with donor antigen resulted in donor-specific @entity6306 and production of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor-beta but not @entity12718 and @entity3692 . The tolerant T-cell unresponsiveness was reversed by the addition of @entity5041 . CONCLUSION: Our data confirming the immunoregulatory effect of immature DCs indicate that induction of transplant tolerance by iMDCs is partly dependent on in vivo generation of regulatory T cells. This finding suggests that immunization with immature donor DCs has therapeutic potential for the induction of transplant tolerance and treatment of @entity792 .

title: Immature @entity35 myeloid dendritic cells generated in low-dose granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor prolong donor-specific XXXX cardiac allograft survival.

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity8667 :: ('MESH:D012713', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'antilymphocyte serum']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']