abstract: The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the feasibility of detecting @entity2523 using selected sites and to indicate increased proportions of this organism in @entity2521 @entity1 . In 10 @entity1 suffering from moderate to @entity2520 , separate microbiological samples were taken from the mesial, buccal, distal and oral (lingual or palatal) aspects of every tooth. This yielded a total of 927 microbiological samples, 84 to 102 per @entity1 . Three distinct patterns of distribution and relative proportion of @entity2523 were recognized. In one group of @entity1 , the organism was not cultured. In a second group, few positive sites with low proportions of @entity2523 were present. A third group of @entity1 yielded high frequencies and proportions of @entity2523 . The number of samples necessary to diagnose the presence of @entity2523 at a 95% confidence level varied considerably between the three groups. In 4 @entity1 , sampling 4 randomly selected sites was sufficient, while in the remaining 3 positive @entity1 , 25 or more samples were required to detect the organism with equal certainty. Seven different protocols for multiple subgingival sampling were studied. When considering the number of samples needed to detect the presence of @entity2523 and to estimate the highest proportion of this organism, selection of the deepest pocket in each quadrant was the most efficient method of sampling.

title: Black-pigmenting gram-negative @entity2520 . II. Screening strategies for detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['advanced periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P. gingivalis']


abstract: @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) remains a well-known sequela of renal transplantation, and, when complications occur, morbidity and mortality can be significant. For this reason, all @entity1 at our center undergo a pretransplant upper gastrointestinal series (UGI). @entity1 with evidence of active @entity1066 on UGI and/or a history of @entity10189 undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and do not undergo transplantation until healing is demonstrated. Following transplantation, antiulcer prophylaxis is utilized for 6 weeks (in @entity1 without @entity10189 ) or 3 months (in @entity1 with @entity10189 ). To help define the incidence and significance of @entity10189 in the @entity205 @entity7971 , as well as the value of pretransplant screening and posttransplant @entity1066 , a retrospective chart analysis of 254 @entity1 who underwent renal or renal/pancreas allograft transplanted between January 1984 and December 1989 was accomplished. Twenty-six @entity1 (10%) presented with symptomatic @entity10189 at a mean of 7.8 months posttransplant. The incidence of @entity10189 was 10% in @entity1 with a negative pretransplant history and UGI, 15% in @entity1 with a positive pretransplant history and negative UGI and endoscopy, and 0% in @entity1 with a positive pretransplant history and UGI. Age, sex, @entity66 , donor source, and number of rejection episodes were not significantly different in recipients with or without @entity10189 . At the time of presentation, 23 @entity1 (88%) had completed their antiulcer prophylaxis. Four @entity1 (15%) died secondary to @entity1066 including two of three (66%) following surgical treatment and two of 23 (9%) during medical treatment. Posttransplant @entity10189 continues to result in significant morbidity and mortality in the @entity205 @entity7971 . Pretransplant screening, including UGI and endoscopy, is not a reliable predictor of posttransplant, symptomatic @entity10189 . Based on this study, it is concluded that all @entity1 should receive longer periods of antiulcer prophylaxis, independent of previously defined pre- and posttransplant risk factors.

title: @entity10189 following renal transplantation in the @entity205 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['PUD', 'Peptic ulcer disease', 'pretransplant PUD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease', 'ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['era']


abstract: Background. Thus far, the role of fungi in superinfection of chroni @entity6008 een poorly studied. Many articles are based on either a small number of patien @entity1 ngle cases. Furthermore, the study conclusions are conflicting. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the percentage of mycotic superinfections and their clinical importance in chroni @entity6008 ODS: A group of 149 consecutive patien @entity1 ut diabet @entity6 ubjected to mycologic examination of the ulcers @entity1066 specimens were obtained from each ulcer. @entity1066 LTS: Mycologic examinations were positive in 11 patien @entity1 ). Candid @entity5132 he most frequently isolated species (7 patien @entity1 lowed by C. par @entity7409 tien @entity1 krusei (1 patien @entity1 par @entity7409 . lip @entity10057 tien @entity1 ther dermatophytes nor molds were isolated. No particular features characterized the clinical appearance of ulcers @entity1066 infected by fungi, and no clinical improvement of ulcers @entity1066 mycotic superinfections was observed with oral antimycotic therapy. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, mycologic examinations may be considered unnecessary in patien @entity1 ut diabet @entity6 uffer with chroni @entity6008     .

title: Mycologic evaluations in chr XXXX               .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity6008 :: ('MESH:D007871', 'Disease') :: ['chronic leg ulcers']

answer: @entity6008 :: (MESH:D007871,Disease) :: ['chronic leg ulcers']


abstract: @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) is a chronic condition that has an impact on @entity1 ' daily activities and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Anticholinergic therapy is often prescribed following insufficient results with behaviour modification alone; however, rates of treatment discontinuation are consistently high. This study systematically reviewed persistence and adherence data in @entity1 with @entity2182 treated with anticholinergic therapy. A search focused on the intersection of @entity2182 , persistence/adherence, and anticholinergic therapy was conducted in MEDLINE and EMBASE. Articles published after 1998 were reviewed and selected for inclusion based on prespecified criteria. A total of 147 articles and two abstracts were included in the review. Results from 12-week clinical trials showed high rates of discontinuation, ranging from 4% to 31% and 5% to 20% in treatment and placebo groups, respectively. Unsurprisingly, rates of discontinuation found in medical claims studies were substantially higher, with 43% to 83% of @entity1 discontinuing medication within the first 30 days and rates continuing to rise over time. Findings from medical claims studies also suggest that over half of @entity1 never refill their initial prescription and that adherence levels tend to be low, with mean/median medication possession ratio (MPR) values ranging from 0.30 to 0.83. The low levels of persistence and adherence documented in this review reveal cause for concern about the balance between the efficacy and tolerability of anticholinergic agents. Strategies should be identified to increase persistence and adherence. New agents and non-pharmacologic alternatives with good efficacy and minimal side effects should be explored.

title: Persistence and adherence in the treatment of XXXX with anticholinergic therapy: a systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['OAB', 'Overactive bladder syndrome']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is highly accurate in identifying and locating @entity385 . Few studies using DWI have investigated large subcortical @entity1188 (LSIs). We aimed to study clinical characteristics, cause, and outcome in @entity1 with @entity385 with LSI diagnosed on DWI and compare these with those who had lacunar @entity66 or @entity66 located elsewhere. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity64 admitted between February 2006 and July 2013 were prospectively registered in a @entity64 database and examined with DWI. @entity1 with @entity66 classified as LSI (subcortical, >= 15 mm) were compared with those with @entity75 (subcortical, <15 mm, @entity1188 [ @entity1188 ]), @entity75 (cortical @entity1188 [CI]), or no LSI, which included @entity1188 , CI, mixed @entity76 , brain stem, and combined lesion locations. RESULTS: A total of 1886 @entity1 with @entity385 were included, of which 128 @entity1 (6.8%) had LSI, 317 (16.8%) @entity1188 , and 544 (28.8%) CI. The no LSI group included 1758 @entity1 . Occlusive pathology in the proximal middle cerebral artery was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity64 with LSI. @entity8987 was associated with LSI when compared with CI and no LSI. Unknown cause was frequent in the LSI group (60.4%) and independently associated with LSI in the LSI versus @entity1188 (P<0.001), LSI versus CI (P=0.002), and LSI versus no LSI population (P<0.001). LSI was independently associated with unfavorable outcome, whether compared with @entity1188 (P=0.002), CI (P<0.001), or no LSI (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: LSI is associated with distinct clinical characteristics, unknown cause, and unfavorable outcome, which separates this @entity64 entity from @entity1 with lacunar subcortical @entity66 or @entity66 located elsewhere.

title: A dark side of subcortical @entity66 ? Characteristics, cause, and outcome in large subcortical XXXX : the bergen norwegian @entity64 cooperation study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DWI lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesions', 'lacunar lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'infarctions', 'infarction', 'lacunar infarction']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cortical-subcortical, cerebellar']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['Lacunar syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke injury', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: We used bolus-tracking CT-images, which are usually used only to detect contrast-material in target organs for optimal-starting of acquisition, as virtual first pass myocardial perfusion images. METHODS: Retrospective-analysis of 14 @entity1 (10 male, 63  10years) diagnosed with >= 75% @entity850 confined to left-anterior-descending-artery (LAD) (7 @entity1 , Group-1) or insignificant @entity850 of any coronary artery (7 @entity1 Group-2) diagnosed using invasive-coronary-angiograms ( @entity6455 ) and enhanced 320-slice-CT within 3-months and without incident between examinations. Bolus-tracking CT-images were acquired at mid-level left-ventricle (LV) until CT-attenuation of descending-aorta increased to 200HU. We measured CT-attenuation (HU) in the LV anterior-wall (AW), the basal inter-ventricular-septum (BIVS), and LV basal lateral-wall (BLW) in end-systole using both bolus-tracking images and routine, enhanced, early-phase CT-images. RESULTS: In the bolus-tracking images, the Group-1 LV AW, BIVS, BLW CT-attenuation and ratio of LV AW CT attenuation to the average of BIVS and BLW were 36  7HU, 62  11HU, 58  25HU, and 0.6  0.1 respectively. In Group-2, they were 53  14HU, 56  9HU, 54  15HU, and 1.0  0.3 respectively. LV AW CT attenuation and the ratio of LV AW CT values to the average of BIVS and BLW, were significantly lower in Group-1 (both P<0.05). These values were not significant using routine, enhanced, early-phase CT-images. CONCLUSIONS: Bolus-tracking CT-images may be useful to detect the LAD-confined @entity850 that cannot be detected using routine, enhanced, early-phase CT-images. This can be achieved by measuring the local-reduction in CT-attenuation of the LV AW compared with the average of those of the BIVS and BLW and without the need for drugs, exercise or additional radiation-exposure.

title: Detection of significant XXXX in the Left Anterior Descending Artery by 'Virtual Myocardial Perfusion' Bolus Tracking, 320 Slice Computed Tomography.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: @entity149 are associated with most @entity914 , but may differ across diagnosis and by treatment status. This ambiguity is partly addressed in longitudinal pre/post treatment studies with first episode patients. Antipsychotic-na  ve first-episode @entity161 @entity1 have shown intact performance on a predictive saccade task that assesses simple motor learning, spatial abilities, and response planning. After antipsychotic treatment, however, @entity161 @entity1 performing this task show a selective impairment in the accuracy of anticipatory responses, generated from learned internal representations of the task stimulus. This finding is in line with other observations of antipsychotic medication effects on frontostriatal systems, particularly dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We sought to replicate this provocative finding with an independent sample of antipsychotic-na  ve first-episode @entity161 @entity1 and extend it by including a group of @entity1 with first episode @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Matched healthy controls were also studied in parallel. @entity161 @entity1 demonstrated intact performance pretreatment followed by impairment post-treatment for accuracy of anticipatory responses, and worse accuracy was associated with higher antipsychotic dose. @entity162 @entity1 displayed saccade accuracy deficits before and after treatment and had no correlation of performance and antipsychotic dose. The findings suggest different neural alterations early in the course of each @entity914 , and different vulnerabilities to antipsychotic treatment effects between @entity161 and @entity162 .

title: Disease and drug effects on internally-generated and externally-elicited responses in first episode XXXX and @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder with psychosis', 'BDP']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorder', 'psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Increases in the @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) have been associated with the severity of airway thickening in chronic asthmatic subjects, and @entity12841 signaling is induced by @entity565 -related cytokines and @entity32 . The goal of this study was to determine the role of @entity12841 signaling in a chronic @entity56 model of @entity565 and specifically in epithelial cells, which are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in @entity565 . @entity12841 activation was assessed in @entity19 treated with intranasal @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) for 3 wk. @entity12841 signaling was inhibited in @entity19 treated with @entity6711 for 6 wk, by using either the drug @entity3866 or a genetic approach that utilizes @entity19 expressing a mutant dominant negative @entity12841 in the lung epithelium ( @entity12841 -M @entity19 ). @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) was assessed by use of a flexiVent system after increasing doses of nebulized @entity2710 . @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) thickening was measured by morphometric analysis. Sensitization to @entity6711 (IgG and IgE), inflammatory cells, and goblet cell changes were also assessed. Increased @entity12841 activation was detected in @entity6711 -treated @entity19 , including in bronchiolar epithelial cells. In @entity19 exposed to @entity6711 for 6 wk, @entity1224 and @entity3960 thickening were reduced after @entity3866 treatment and in @entity12841 -M @entity19 . Sensitization to @entity6711 and inflammatory cell counts were similar in all groups, except neutrophil counts, which were lower in the @entity12841 -M @entity19 . Goblet cell metaplasia with @entity6711 treatment was reduced by @entity3866 , but not in @entity12841 -M @entity19 . This study demonstrates that @entity12841 signaling, especially in the airway epithelium, plays an important role in mediating @entity1224 and remodeling in a chronic @entity56 model.

title: Epithelial EGF receptor signaling mediates XXXX and remodeling in a @entity19 model of chronic asthma.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['Airway smooth muscle', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'Airway hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway hyperreactivity']


abstract: Myelosuppression may be the dose-limiting @entity137 in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, severity, and reversibility of long-term hematotoxicity in a large cohort of @entity1 undergoing PRRT with @entity30948 for metastatic @entity5 . The impact of potential risk factors, including @entity1503 , advanced bone @entity3 , previous chemotherapy, and cumulative administered activity, and the protective effects of splenectomy were of particular interest. METHODS: A total of 632 PRRT courses were performed in 203 @entity1 with metastatic @entity5 . A mean activity of 7.9 GBq of @entity30948 was administered per treatment cycle, with a goal of 4 courses at standard intervals of 3 mo. Hematologic parameters were determined before each treatment course, at 2- to 4-wk intervals between the courses, 8-12 wk after the last course of PRRT, and at 3-month intervals for further follow-up. @entity137 was recorded with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0). RESULTS: @entity2590 as a delayed adverse event was documented in 3 @entity1 (1.4%). Relevant but reversible hematotoxicity (grade 3 or 4) occurred in 23 @entity1 (11.3%) and 29 administrations (4.6%), with @entity1431 in 2.7% and @entity882 in 1.7%. The mean time to blood count recovery was 12 mo after the termination of PRRT (range, 3-22 mo). The only preexisting factor that contributed to hematotoxicity was @entity1503 (P < 0.001). A high level of cumulative administered activity (>29.6 GBq) was associated with relevant @entity1431 (P < 0.001). None of the @entity1 with a history of splenectomy developed grade 3 or 4 hematotoxicity, and splenectomy was inversely associated with the incidence and degree of @entity1431 (P = 0.02) and @entity882 (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: PRRT-induced myelosuppression is almost invariably reversible and rarely requires clinical measures. Administered activity and @entity1503 are the only factors contributing to myelosuppression, whereas splenectomy may exert a protective effect.

title: Long-term hematotoxicity after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['Myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['initial cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity30948 :: (MESH:C554548,Chemical) :: ['177Lu-octreotate']


abstract: We present the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings of four cases of non-functioning oncocytic @entity1636 . The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 39 to 71 years. There was no sex predilection. Large @entity5 (8.5 to 17.0 cm), well demarcated from the adjacent kidney, were seen with a thin rim of normal adrenal gland along one edge. One @entity5 invaded the inferior vena cava and extended up to the level of the right atrium, and another metastasized to bone. The other two @entity5 had similar morphologic features and therefore were considered @entity189 . Histologic sections of all four cases showed a diffuse proliferation of polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei containing prominent nucleoli and abundant granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Occasional mononuclear and binucleated giant cells were noted in one case. There were rare mitotic figures (less than one per 10 high power fields). All @entity5 were immunoreactive for cytokeratins ( @entity2278 and CAM5.2). Inhibin was focally expressed by one @entity5 and its bone @entity3 . Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells was packed with innumerable mitochondria. Cytologic atypia or mitotic rate cannot reliably predict the biologic behavior of oncocytic @entity1636 . Large @entity5 size (4/4), extracapsular extension (3/4), blood vessel invasion (2/4), @entity39 (4/4), and @entity3 (1/4) are features of @entity5 for oncocytic @entity1636 . The treatment of these @entity5 is complete surgical excision.

title: Oncocytic XXXX : a morphologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of four cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'yellow-tan tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical neoplasms', 'adrenocortical carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and multi-detector row computed tomographic (CT) angiography in the same @entity1 for assessment of the @entity8 , with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the standard of reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DSA, 3D MR angiography, and multi-detector row CT angiography were performed in 46 consecutive @entity1 . A total of 769 arterial segments were analyzed for @entity2791 by using a four-point grading system. Aneurysmal changes were noted. The time required for performing 3D reconstructions and image analysis of both MR and CT data sets was measured. @entity1 acceptance for each modality was assessed with a visual analogue scale. Statistical analysis of data was performed. RESULTS: Sensitivity of MR angiography for detection of hemodynamically significant @entity2791 was 92% for reader 1 and 93% for reader 2, and specificity was 100% and 99%, respectively. Sensitivity of CT angiography was 91% for reader 1 and 92% for reader 2, and specificity was 99% and 99%, respectively. Differences between the two modalities were not significant. Interobserver and intermodality agreement was excellent (kappa = 0.88-0.90). The time for performance of 3D reconstruction and image analysis of CT data sets was significantly longer than that for MR data sets (P <.001). @entity1 acceptance was best for CT angiography (P =.016). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference between 3D MR angiography and multi-detector row CT angiography in the detection of hemodynamically significant @entity2791 of the @entity8 .

title: XXXX : prospective intraindividual comparison of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional MR angiography and multi-detector row CT angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac and renal arteries']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Aortoiliac and renal arteries']


abstract: The selective blockage of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and @entity24748 ( @entity24748 ) by specific antibodies coated into expanded @entity736 (ePTFE) grafts may diminish neointimal @entity1373 . Sixty @entity1707 were divided into two groups (n = 30 each) and then further divided into five subgroups. Group 1 had a bilateral iliac artery ePTFE interposition graft precoated with Matrigel. Three subgroups (A, B, and C) received a specific monoclonal antibody against PDGF-BB, bFGF, or @entity24748 . One (D) received all antibodies, and one served as control (nonimmune immunoglobulin G [IgG] isotypes) (E). Group 2 had a bilateral iliac artery endothelial cell (EC)-seeded ePTFE interposition graft precoated with Matrigel. Three subgroups (A, B, and C) received a specific antibody against PDGF-BB, bFGF, or @entity24748 . One (D) received all antibodies, and one served as control (nonimmune IgG isotypes) (E). Light microscopy and immunohistochemical stain showed that neointimal @entity1373 formation was significantly reduced in subgroups D compared to the others (p < 0.05). In subgroups D, the different precoating influenced neointimal @entity1373 formation. It was more pronounced in the prosthesis precoated with EC and Matrigel (p < 0.05). In organ culture, the amount of PDGF-BB, bFGF, and @entity24748 release was reduced in subgroup D animals compared to the others (p < 0.05). In subgroups D, the release of PDGF-BB, bFGF, and @entity24748 depended on ePTFE seeding. A higher amount of these growth factors was released in the prostheses precoated with EC and Matrigel (p < 0.05), and the @entity1603 labeling index confirmed higher incorporation in this subgroup (p < 0.001). The combined use of locally administered anti-PDGF-BB, bFGF, and @entity24748 monoclonal antibodies reduces neointimal @entity1373 formation.

title: The effect of locally administered anti-growth factor antibodies on neointimal @entity1373 formation in expanded XXXX grafts.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity24748 :: ('397078(Tax:9823)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: It has long been known that @entity1388 "hardens" mineralized tissues. @entity1388 ingestion through drinking water in areas naturally rich in @entity1388 leads to @entity16455 , known as endemic @entity3296 . The first suggestion that @entity1388 be used in the treatment of @entity170 was made in 1964. However, despite 30 years of research, the treatment remains controversial. @entity1388 has a dual effect on osteoblasts. On the one hand, it increases the birthrate of osteoblasts at tissue level by a mitogenic effect on precursors of osteoblasts, while on the other hand it has a toxic effect on the individual cell with mineralization impairment and reduced apposition rate resembling @entity4772 . @entity1388 has a positive effect on axial bone density, but the axial bone gain is not matched by similar changes in cortical bone. Furthermore, approximately one third of @entity1 are non-responders. The effect of the addition of @entity1388 to the drinking water on @entity174 rate is not clear. It probably only has a small relative impact on total hip @entity174 rates. In two controlled @entity1388 therapy studies the incidence of @entity174 decreased, while in two other studies it increased. Experience teaches that denser bones are not necessarily better bones. The major side effects of fluor therapy are skeletal @entity3296 , @entity344 , and @entity158 . @entity1388 is the single most effective agent for increasing axial bone volume in the @entity3604 skeleton; however, its therapeutic window is narrow. The best candidates for @entity1388 therapy are @entity1 with axial @entity170 but with good peripheral bone density. They should have a good renal function and @entity560 status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Fluor in the treatment of XXXX . An overview of thirty years clinical research.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal intolerance']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful lower extremity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity27 ( @entity8604 ) is characterized by recurrent episodes of @entity386 and @entity387 , secondary to collapse of the upper airways during sleep. @entity8604 is frequently associated to @entity65 . In Portugal, its magnitude is unknown. METHODS: In 2014 a cross-sectional study was performed using the Portuguese General Practitioner (GP) Sentinel Network (Rede M  dicos Sentinela). @entity1 GP reported all @entity8604 cases diagnosed and registered in their lists of users on the 31 December 2013. Frequency of @entity8604 has been estimated by sex and age. @entity8604 @entity1 were also characterized by method of diagnosis, treatment, and underlying conditions. Association between risk factors and severe @entity8604 ( @entity8604 ) was calculated using a logistic regression model adjusting confounding. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity8604 on the population aged 25 years or more was 0.89% (95 CI: 0.80-1.00%); it was higher in males 1.47% (95 CI: 1.30-1.67%) and in those aged between 65 and 74 (2.35%). Most had severe @entity8604 (48.4%). @entity101 (75.9%), @entity28 (74.2%) and @entity6 (34.1%) were the most frequent comorbidities. Being a male (OR: 2.6; 95 CI: 1.2-5.8) and having @entity28 (OR: 4.0; 95 CI: 1.8-8.6) were associated with an increased risk of severe @entity8604 . CONCLUSION: Found frequency of @entity8604 was lower than other countries estimates, which may be explained by differences on case definition but can also suggest underdiagnosis of this condition as reported by other authors.

title: @entity27 : Epidemiology and Portuguese XXXX profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8604 :: ('MESH:C566076', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'odds ratio']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive Sleep Apnea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity13785 is a severe form of @entity3986 due to glycogen accumulation in all tissues, especially striated muscle. Disease severity is directly related to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase ( @entity21796 ), which degrades glycogen in the lysosome. @entity1576 is a hallmark of the disease, @entity425 has been viewed as the underlying cause, and the possibility of an associated neural contribution has not been evaluated previously. Therefore, we examined behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of breathing in 2 animal models of @entity13785 --the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 and a transgenic line (MTP) expressing @entity21796 only in skeletal muscle, as well as a detailed analysis of the CNS in a @entity13785 @entity1 . Glycogen content was elevated in the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 cervical spinal cord. Retrograde labeling of phrenic motoneurons showed significantly greater soma size in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 vs. isogenic controls, and glycogen was observed in @entity21796 (-/-) phrenic motoneurons. Ventilation, assessed via plethysmography, was attenuated during quiet breathing and hypercapnic challenge in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 (6 to >21 months of age) vs. controls. We confirmed that MTP @entity19 had normal diaphragmatic contractile properties; however, MTP @entity19 had ventilation similar to the @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 during quiet breathing. Neurophysiological recordings indicated that efferent phrenic nerve inspiratory burst amplitudes were substantially lower in @entity21796 (-/-) and MTP @entity19 vs. controls. In @entity1 samples, we demonstrated similar pathology in the cervical spinal cord and greater accumulation of glycogen in spinal cord compared with brain. We conclude that neural output to the diaphragm is deficient in @entity21796 (-/-) @entity19 , and therapies targeting muscle alone may be ineffective in @entity13785 .

title: Neural deficits contribute to XXXX in @entity13785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory dysfunction']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory insufficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of the chemoprotective agent, @entity8503 , administered on a daily x 5 schedule with @entity900 and radiation therapy, on @entity460 and @entity461 ( @entity461 ) levels. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity5 were enrolled in a clinical trial to determine the maximal safe dose of @entity8503 plus radiation therapy and @entity900 on a novel daily x 5 schedule. Detailed studies of the effects of @entity8503 on @entity460 and @entity461 levels were initiated after a @entity1 developed symptomatic @entity3747 . RESULTS: Treatment with @entity8503 resulted in a rapid decline in serum @entity461 levels within 4 hours, which fell below the lower limits of normal at 24 hours, then returned to within normal limits at 48 hours. In contrast, serum levels of ionized @entity460 were not affected acutely, and declined by only 7% within 24 hours. However, this small decrease persisted for the 5 days of treatment. @entity14645 effects were successfully managed with oral @entity4959 and @entity3873 supplements. In one @entity1 , particularly sensitive to the effects of @entity8503 , serum levels of ionized @entity460 decreased to less than 3.0 mg/dL despite oral @entity460 supplements. CONCLUSION: The effects of @entity8503 on serum ionized @entity460 levels are mediated by direct inhibition of @entity461 activity; other effects such as inhibition of renal tubular @entity460 reabsorption cannot be excluded. We recommend that @entity1 treated with @entity8503 , @entity900 , and radiation therapy receive routine oral @entity460 and @entity3873 supplementation and that serum ionized @entity460 levels be monitored frequently.

title: Management of @entity14645 effects of XXXX administered on a daily times five schedule with @entity900 and radiation therapy. The New York Gynecologic Oncology Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['Hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity8503 :: (MESH:D004999,Chemical) :: ['WR2721']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of @entity5962 as a potential marker for the prognosis of @entity259 . In normal thyroid (n = 8), the expression of @entity5962 messenger ribonucleic acid levels was uniformly high and seemed to be restricted to thyrocytes. Steady-state messenger @entity10731 levels and immunostaining were both completely lost in undifferentiated @entity259 (n = 7) and were variably reduced in differentiated @entity259 (n = 44). In a follow-up study during a mean of 4.5 +/- 1.4 yr, @entity5962 messenger ribonucleic acid and immunohistochemical expression were compared with the initial clinicopathological parameters and with locoregional recurrence and the development of nodal or distant metastases in differentiated @entity259 . Immunohistochemical expression of @entity5962 was greatly reduced with the progression to @entity5 stage 4 (pT4) @entity5 . In parallel, @entity1 with pT4 @entity5 had a higher rate of @entity5 recurrence and distant @entity3 than did the group of @entity1 with @entity2558 -3 @entity5 . In 5 of 29 @entity1 with pT4 @entity5 , positive @entity5962 staining of more than 30% of the cells was detected. None of these @entity1 showed signs of a regional recurrence or distant metastases during an observation period of 4.3 +/- 1.1 yr. In 13 @entity1 with @entity5962 -positive @entity5 , none developed new distant metastases which was in contrast to 7 of the group of 31 @entity1 with less than 30% @entity5962 -positive cells. Thus, @entity5962 expression seems to be associated with the dedifferentiation, progression, and metastatic @entity259 and may be a useful marker for the prognosis of these @entity5 .

title: Clinical significance of @entity5962 as a prognostic marker in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor', 'locoregional tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10731 :: ('CHEBI:33697', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['spread of thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinomas']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity137 and patterns of radiologic @entity651 on CT images after hypofractionated image-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) delivered with @entity499 ( @entity499 ) in medically early stage inoperable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: 28 elderly @entity1 (31 lesions) with compromised pulmonary reserve were deemed inoperable and enrolled to undergo SBRT. Patterns of @entity651 based on CT appearance were assessed at baseline and during follow up. Acute (6 months or less) and late (more than 6 months) events were classified as radiation @entity55 and radiation @entity82 (RF), respectively. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 12 months (range, 4-20 months), 31 and 25 lesions were examined for acute and late injuries, respectively. Among the former group, 25 (80.6%) @entity1 showed no radiological changes. The CT appearance of RF revealed modified conventional, mass-like and scar-like patterns in three, four and three lesions, respectively. No evidence of late @entity651 was demonstrated in 15 lesions. Five @entity1 developed clinical @entity55 (four @entity1 , grade 2 and one @entity1 , grade 3, respectively), and none of whom had CT findings at 3 months post-treatment. No instance of symptomatic RF was detected. The @entity5 response rate was 84% (complete response + partial response). Local control was 83% at 1 year. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that @entity499 -SBRT can be considered an effective treatment with a mild @entity137 profile in medically inoperable @entity1 with early stage @entity1149 . No specific pattern of @entity651 was demonstrated. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: Our study is among the few showing that @entity499 -SBRT represents a safe and effective option in @entity1 with early stage medically inoperable @entity1149 , and that it is not associated with a specific pattern of @entity651 .

title: Patterns of @entity651 and XXXX after stereotactic radiotherapy delivered with @entity499 in early stage medically inoperable @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Episodes of acute illness associated with @entity221 are common in @entity1 . Less common but also diagnostically challenging are episodes of prolonged @entity221 in @entity1 . This article reports recent literature that has focused on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and treatment of both types of episodes. RECENT FINDINGS: A number of articles reviewed the epidemiology in several countries of @entity2259 in @entity1 , including @entity2259 caused by @entity328 and @entity5746 sp. Host susceptibility factors for @entity2348 , such as @entity3147 , were reported. Diagnostic issues concerning @entity2259 , including the technique of venipuncture and urine antigen testing, were of interest. A major study was published that reported a preventive approach through immunization to one type of @entity2259 that caused by @entity2260 . Other studies addressed the issues of choice of therapy and duration of therapy in selected bacteremic disease, such as @entity2259 , that were caused by @entity6467 . Lastly, several causes of prolonged @entity221 (such as @entity9058 and atypical @entity11102 ) were reported. SUMMARY: During the review period, studies addressed diverse issues related to acute and prolonged episodes of @entity221 in @entity1 . There was a particular emphasis on the epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of @entity221 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX without apparent source on clinical examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial illness']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic illness', 'fever']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['dental bacteremias and bacteremia', 'bacteremia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Fever']


abstract: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) testing is a clinical tool to diagnose @entity170 or low bone density, predict @entity174 risk, and monitor changes in bone density over time. Non-invasive measurement of @entity79 is done with a variety of technologies for many different skeletal sites. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold-standard for diagnosing @entity170 and monitoring changes in @entity79 over time. Optimal use of DXA requires staff training and standard operating procedures that include quality controls for instrument maintenance, @entity1 education, indications and contraindications for testing, precision assessment, scan acquisition, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. Other technologies, as well as DXA, are used to estimate the risk of @entity174 . @entity79 is commonly expressed as a T-score, the standard deviation variance of the @entity1 's @entity79 compared to a young-normal reference population. In untreated postmenopausal @entity1 , there is a strong correlation between T-score and @entity174 risk, with @entity174 risk increasing about two-fold for every standard deviation decrease in bone density. @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 is classified as normal, @entity2331 , or @entity170 according to criteria established by the World Health Organization. @entity79 testing, combined with assessment of clinical risk factors for @entity174 , allows healthcare providers to identify @entity1 who may benefit from pharmacologic therapy to reduce the risk of future @entity174 . Clinical applications of @entity79 testing are presented in this review.

title: Clinical applications of bone density testing for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: Claudins are a family of transmembrane proteins involved in cell-to-cell adhesion and are believed to be the main component of tight junctions. Recent studies have suggested that some metastatic @entity5 lack claudin expression. It is unknown whether claudins play a role in cutaneous @entity320 . Immunohistochemical studies were performed on tissue microarrays containing 19 benign melanocytic nevi (BN), 21 @entity6349 ( @entity6349 ), 23 primary @entity320 ( @entity320 ), and 31 @entity320 ( @entity320 ) using a polyclonal anti- @entity3670 antibody. Immunoreactivity in @entity5 cells and associated vessels was graded by intensity and by percentage of reactive cells. Normal epidermis served as internal control (3+ labeling). Cases with at least 2+ labeling in more than 25% of the cells were considered positive. @entity3670 expression was present in 37% of BN, 24% of @entity6349 , 26% of MM, and 3.2% of MMM. Tumor-associated vessels showed the following results: 11 of 19 (58%) in BN, 14 of 21 (67%) in @entity6349 , 17 of 23 (74%) in MM, and 6 of 31 (19%) in MMM. A significant loss of expression was noted between MMM and all other lesions in @entity5 cells and associated vessels. There was no significant difference between BN, @entity6349 , and MM. Within primary @entity320 , there was a significant correlation between expression of claudin in @entity5 cells and Clark level/Breslow thickness. Also significant was a decreased expression of claudin in @entity5 vessels of lesions with higher Breslow thickness or Clark level. These data suggest that loss of @entity3670 may play a significant role in the acquisition of metastatic phenotype in cutaneous @entity320 . Cohn ML, Goncharuk VN, Diwan AH, Zhang PS, Shen SS, Prieto VG. Loss of @entity3670 expression in @entity5 -associated vessels correlates with acquisition of metastatic phenotype in @entity5 .

title: Loss of @entity3670 expression in XXXX -associated vessels correlates with acquisition of metastatic phenotype in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'melanocytic neoplasms', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'dysplastic nevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanomas', 'MMs', 'metastatic melanomas', 'MMMs', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: In the broadest sense, cellular stress describes conditions wherein cells encounter and react to a 'non-normal' state. Perturbations may originate through both extracellular and intracellular means. Whereas transient levels of stress are expected to occur on a regular basis, a series of checks and balances ensures that cells are well equipped to maintain a homeostatic state. In the case of supra-physiological stress signaling, cellular challenges are more severe, and programmed cell @entity204 may be the best option for the organism. The ability of a cell, and by extension, an organism, to adequately manage cellular stress is fundamental--a question of life or @entity204 . The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is exquisitely poised to sense and respond to cellular stresses including those that result from metabolic and/or protein folding imbalances. In response to stress originating from within the ER, the @entity7952 and @entity5593 protein kinases, along with other proximal signaling molecules, initiate a program of transcriptional and translational regulation termed the unfolded protein response. A consequence of ER stress is the accumulation of reactive @entity26 species that promotes a state of oxidative stress. @entity7952 signaling, via activation of the @entity13791 and @entity15205 transcription factors, coordinates the convergence of ER stress with oxidative stress signaling. Here we discuss progress regarding the signaling pathways involved in these cellular stresses and the implications of the intersection between the two signaling pathways.

title: Coordination of ER and oxidative stress signaling: the XXXX / @entity13791 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity7952 :: (9451,Gene) :: ['PERK']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effect of retrograde colonic irrigation in @entity1 with @entity322 after a low anterior resection for a @entity189 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with a previous low anterior resection, who were selected for treatment with retrograde colonic irrigation for @entity322 between 2005 and 2008, were included in the study. The data from the @entity1 were gathered by chart research and an interview by phone. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were included in the study. Three @entity1 died and one @entity1 was not able to answer questions due to a @entity73 . The data of the remaining 26 @entity1 were analysed. Five @entity1 had already stopped with the retrograde colonic irrigation treatment due to side effects. Twelve of the 21 @entity1 (57.46%) who still performed RCI became completely (pseudo)continent, three @entity1 (14.2%) were incontinent for flatus and six @entity1 (29.4%) were still incontinent for liquid stool. Five @entity1 stopped with the retrograde colonic irrigation treatment due to side-effects. CONCLUSION: Retrograde colonic irrigation is an effective method to treat @entity1 with @entity322 after a low anterior resection for @entity189 . Retrograde colonic irrigation is not invasive and has only mild side effects.

title: Retrograde colonic irrigation for XXXX after low anterior resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorder']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow using colour Doppler sonography ( @entity9545 ) on @entity99 with @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ), and to investigate possible factors that may affect the capability of @entity9545 to depict such findings. METHODS: The study included 45 @entity1 (35 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ; mean age, 56 years) with @entity99 with @entity5033 on CT or MRI. Locating the @entity5 on greyscale sonography, the depth, size and echogenicity of the @entity5 were evaluated. CT or MR images were evaluated for @entity1560 . @entity9545 was performed to determine the presence of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow. Differences in frequency of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow according to the depth, size, @entity1560 were evaluated by Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: On @entity9545 , intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow were found in 66.7% and 60%, respectively. The @entity5 depth was the significant variable that affected the capability of @entity9545 to depict such findings. The frequencies of intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow were as high as 88% and 80% for shallow ( <=30 mm) lesions, and they were 40% and 35% for deep (>30 mm) lesions (p=0.0012; p=0.0051). CONCLUSION: @entity9545 can commonly depict intratumoural flow and peritumoural hepatofugal portal flow in @entity1 with @entity99 with @entity5033 . Therefore, @entity9545 should be routinely performed when an incidental mass is encountered during the screening sonography, especially when the lesion is shallow.

title: Colour Doppler sonography of XXXX with arterioportal shunts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['echogenicity and fatty liver', 'fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'arterioportal shunt']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic haemangiomas']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic haemangiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective evaluation in a uveitic population of subretinal neovascular membranes (SRNMs), their occurrence, visual impact, and outcome in differently treated subgroups of @entity1 . METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 were reviewed and cases with SRNM (n = 12) identified. Intraocular inflammation was classified according to vitreous examination records as high (2+ cells), low (1/2+ to 1+ cells), or inactive (0 cells). Visual outcome was considered to be +VA (same or gain of one or more Snellen lines) or -VA (loss of Snellen lines). In nine cases, treatment consisted of the oral administration of high doses of corticosteroids (CST) for one month, tapered down in favorable situations (+VA or SRNM angiographic regression) or maintained at half the dose in unfavorable situations (-VA or SRNM angiographic progression) while additional laser therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT), or argon laser therapy (CLT)), were performed in some of the cases. The above treatment scheme was not applied in three cases (pre-PDT period; undiagnosed underlying @entity1596 treated without CST). RESULTS: Twelve out of 648 @entity1 (1.9%) with @entity1596 developed SRNM. The mean visual impact was 4.5 Snellen lines and mean follow-up time was 19.5 months. Two @entity1 with @entity32 had a favorable visual outcome with CST alone. Eight @entity1 with @entity32 had a favorable visual outcome with CST alone in three cases, with additional laser therapy in four cases (PDT in 3 cases and TTT in 1 case), and exclusively with PDT in one case (undiagnosed @entity1596 ). Two @entity1 with no intraocular inflammation had unfavorable visual outcome with CST alone (no PDT/TTT available). CONCLUSION: SRNMs occurred as a rare complication of @entity1596 . Their visual outcome was relatively favorable. Although high doses of CST seem to be the first step in the management of SRNMs, alternative laser treatments should be considered early, especially in cases of absence or @entity32 .

title: Subretinal neovascular membranes complicating XXXX : frequency, treatments, and visual outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['high intraocular inflammation', 'low intraocular inflammation']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha therapy in perianal @entity30 and identify factors predicting response to treatment. METHODS: Data from hospital clinical records and coding databases were retrospectively reviewed from a tertiary care hospital in Christchurch, New Zealand. The study included 75 adult @entity1 with perianal @entity30 commenced on anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha therapy from January 2000 to December 2012. Response to treatment was determined from records relating to clinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging follow-up and whether further surgical intervention was required. RESULTS: 73% (55) of all @entity1 and 38 of the 57 (67%) @entity1 with perianal @entity292 responded to anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha therapy. @entity1 with complex @entity292 were less likely to improve as compared to @entity1 without fistulising disease. Five of the 57 (13%) @entity1 with perianal @entity292 demonstrated complete healing on clinical evaluation; however, magnetic resonance imaging confirmed complete healing in only two. @entity1 that had taken antibiotics and those that had previously required abscess drainage were less likely to respond to treatment [relative risk (RR)  =  0.707 and 0.615, respectively; p  =  0.03, p  =  0.0001]. Responders were less likely to require follow-up surgery (RR  =  0.658, p  =  0.014) including ileostomy or proctectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha tends to improve symptoms of perianal @entity30 , in the long term, it rarely achieves complete healing. Perianal fistulising disease, a history of perianal abscess and antibiotic treatment are predictors of poor response to therapy.

title: The long-term outcome of anti-TNF alpha therapy in perianal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The paper discusses the unifying concept that cell hydration is the primary factor in the mechanism of @entity105 . The concept includes the following hypotheses: (1) Increased cell hydration causes @entity5 not only by promoting cell division and oncogene expression, but also by inactivating genes inducing cell differentiation, and by preventing apoptosis. Conversely, factors that reduce cell hydration prevent @entity5 by inhibiting cell division and oncogene expression, while activating genes inducing cell differentiation, and by promoting apoptosis. The unique ability of cell hydration to have these opposite effects on cell behavior and gene expression can account for its postulated role as the primary factor in both the promotion and prevention of @entity5 . (2) A progressive increase in cell hydration, induced by successive mutations and/or epigenetic changes, is the basic mechanism of multi-step @entity105 , the degree of @entity5 increasing with the degree of cell hydration. (3) The increased hydration of @entity5 cells accelerates their respiration rate, thereby enhancing their ability to compete for nutrients with their normal counterparts. This effect may play a major role in promoting @entity5 growth and in the postulated mechanism of multi-step @entity105 . (4) Increased cell hydration is also proposed as an alternative or additional explanation of the carcinogenetic effect of inflammatory agents and of hormones. A survey of the literature provides evidence consistent with these hypotheses, but suggestions are included for further investigations to test their validity and their implications. From a clinical perspective, the abnormally high water content of @entity5 cells permits the use of microwave technology for @entity5 detection and treatment. Also of considerable therapeutic significance is the increased sensitivity if @entity5 cells to desiccation, postulated to result from genetic changes induced by increased hydration. This may well be the achilles heel of @entity5 , and recent investigations indicate that it may be exploited very effectively in the treatment of the disease. In conclusion, I suggest that the need for studies on the molecular biology of @entity5 to be supplemented by more information on environmental effects on gene expression and on the biochemical and physiological factors that mediate genetic effects at the cellular level. This approach might also be used to assess the validity of the postulated role of cell hydration as a factor of particular significance.

title: Cell hydration as the primary factor in XXXX : A unifying concept.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: A @entity1 cell line (KMCH-1) derived from a surgical specimen of combined hepatocellular and @entity201 has been established. The @entity5 consisted of both @entity157 of the trabecular type and @entity201 . This cell line has been maintained for 26 months through 75 passages. KMCH-1 cells show characteristics of @entity420 on light and electron microscopy. They proliferate in culture in a pave stone arrangement. The doubling time of these cells at the 24th passage was 39 hr. Chromosome analysis revealed a chromosome number ranging from 60 to 98, with a modal number of 74. KMCH-1 cells produced @entity5 several months after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantations into athymic @entity19 . Histologically, the subcutaneous @entity5 were poorly differentiated adrenocarcinoma, while intraperitoneal @entity5 were moderately to well-differentiated @entity420 . @entity157 components were not observed. Thus, KMCH-1 cells demonstrate the feature of @entity201 in vitro and in vivo. This KMCH-1 cell line is the first established combined hepatocellular and @entity201 cell line and may contribute to further investigation of combined hepatocellular and @entity201 .

title: Establishment and characterization of a XXXX combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma cell line and its heterologous transplantation in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['original tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocellular carcinoma', 'cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6275 incidence and severity in 55 hospitalized Pacific Island @entity1 between 1990 and 2002 were compared with the expected incidence and reports in the literature. Of these 55 cases, 87% were from Polynesia/Micronesia. The average length of hospital stay was 104 days. @entity794 was cultured in 64% of the cases with 43% of those being @entity3256 resistant @entity794 . A total of 111 bones were involved. Average antibiotic treatment was 135 days. Each case required an average of 1.3 irrigations/debridements and 45% required a sequestrectomy. Ninety-two percent had elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate on admission. Sixty-nine percent of the cases involved metaphyseal, diaphyseal and epiphyseal segments of the bone and 29% were multifocal. Results indicate that Pacific Island @entity1 have a higher incidence and increased severity of @entity4034 when compared with non-Pacific Island @entity1 in the literature, requiring a high suspicion for multifocal @entity4034 , extensive bone involvement, @entity794 positive cultures and a longer period of antibiotic treatment.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : Shriners Hospital Honolulu experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['Chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: The aim of our present work was to establish the effect of the osmolality of the @entity2421 buffer on the encapsulated amount and the in vitro properties of @entity4509 -loaded erythrocytes. @entity4509 was encapsulated in @entity35 erythrocytes using a @entity2421 dialysis method with @entity2421 buffers of different osmolalities with mean values around 90 and 150 mOsm/kg. Morphological examination of the ghost erythrocytes was accomplished using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The osmotic fragility of normal and loaded erythrocytes was tested using @entity2421 solutions. Evaluation of the hematological parameters of the control and loaded erythrocytes was carried out using a hematology system analyzer. @entity4509 release from loaded erythrocytes was tested in autologous plasma at 37 degrees C over a 24-h period. The quantification of @entity4509 in loaded erythrocytes and in autologous plasma was performed using an HPLC technique. A higher osmotic fragility of loaded erythrocytes was observed using a low osmolality buffer. Some hematological parameters showed statistically significant differences between the loaded erythrocytes obtained using two buffers of different osmolalities with respect to untreated erythrocytes. According to our results, @entity4509 carrier erythrocytes obtained by @entity2421 dialysis using a low osmolality buffer (90 mOsm/kg) should afford a good encapsulation yield, appropriate morphological properties, and sustained release in vitro.

title: Encapsulation and in vitro evaluation of XXXX -loaded erythrocytes.

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: Serum soluble Interleukin-2 receptor levels (sIL-2R) were measured in 121 @entity1 (pts) with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and in 30 @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ). Sera collected from 32 normal volunteers and 18 @entity1 with @entity281 or a variety of @entity1503 served as controls. A small number of @entity1 with @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ) were also studied. @entity1893 @entity1 were classified according to their clinical status as "active" (82 pts) or "non-active" (39 pts) and @entity1072 according to the stage of their disease. @entity1893 @entity1 were also further classified as low (55 pts), intermediate (38 pts) and high grade malignancy (28 pts), according to the @entity1442 . A significant difference was found between the high levels of sIL-2R in @entity1 with "active" disease and the lower levels in @entity1 with quiescent or responsive disease. Significantly different high levels were found in @entity1 with @entity146 (intermediate and high grade) @entity706 as opposed to @entity1893 and @entity1072 . In @entity1072 itself higher levels of sIL-2R were seen in more @entity66 . Thirteen @entity1 with active @entity978 ( @entity978 ) had moderately elevated sIL-2R levels, similar to those recorded for @entity1 with @entity281 and some non-malignant @entity1503 while another 13 @entity978 @entity1 in remission, had normal levels comparable to those recorded in normal controls. Extremely high levels of sIL-2R were seen in 2 @entity1 with @entity978 with severe @entity1800 and levels approaching those seen in @entity5734 , were noted (20-30,000 u/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels are associated with clinical disease status and histopathological grade in @entity1893 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease than in early disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['HCL', 'Hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['non malignant hematological disorders', 'hematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Working formulation scheme']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'low grade lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: Although @entity1690 is a recognised cause of post cholecystectomy @entity158 , the control mechanisms involved in sphincter of Oddi function are poorly understood. Pharmacological relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi may have a beneficial effect particularly in @entity1690 where basal sphincter pressure is high. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity460 channel blockade ( @entity3360 ) and synthetic @entity8586 (ceruletide) on sphincter of Oddi pressures. Nineteen @entity1 (median age 49 years; range 21-75) attending for routine endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic (ERCP) examination were studied. No @entity1 with evidence of @entity1690 were included in the study. Each @entity1 was randomly allocated to receive a three minute intravenous infusion of @entity3360 3 mg (six) ceruletide 5 ng/kg (seven) or placebo (six). Endoscopic biliary manometry was done with recording of basal sphincter of Oddi pressures, sphincter of Oddi phasic wave amplitude and frequency before and after intravenous infusions. In the @entity3360 group @entity1 showed a decrease in both basal and phasic amplitude sphincter of Oddi pressure (mm Hg) from the preinfusion values (mean (SEM)) of 24.7 (3.6) and 112.3 (13.4) to 12.9 (2.9) (p less than 0.01) and 89.9 (12.4) (p less than 0.03) after infusion respectively. @entity8629 produced a decrease in sphincter of Oddi phasic wave frequency (c/min) from 3.4 (0.3) before infusion to 2.6 (0.5) after infusion (p less than 0.05). We conclude that @entity3360 effectively decreases sphincter of Oddi pressure. This drug may therefore be of value in the treatment of @entity1690 where raised sphincter pressures are thought to be the primary pathogenic feature.

title: Controlled study of the effect of XXXX and ceruletide on the sphincter of Oddi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3360 :: ('MESH:D009529', 'Chemical') :: ['nicardipine']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceruletide']

answer: @entity3360 :: (MESH:D009529,Chemical) :: ['nicardipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To expand on current theories concerning the vitreal-induced mechanism underlying the development of @entity9712 and macular sensory detachments associated with optic nerve head pits. To propose the notion that vitreal traction may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1713 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ). REPORTS: We describe two @entity1 , one with @entity9712 and the other with central serous detachment. The first @entity1 , a 45-year-old Hispanic female, presented with a temporally located optic nerve head pit, @entity9712 and schisis retinal spaces extending to the surrounding macula and to the disc. The second @entity1 , a 43-year-old Haitian male, developed a central @entity1713 with decreased visual acuity one day following in-office administration of @entity19526 (0.5 per cent @entity19526 , Alcon) and @entity15438 - @entity6839 (Cosopt, Merck) to lower @entity2790 (IOP). Macular retinal pigment mottling and epiretinal membrane sheen OU had been observed on his initial visit. Visual acuity improved within a three-day period with resolution of the serous detachment. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the persistence of Cloquet's canal may permit fluid leakage into the proximal vitreous in cases of congenital optic nerve head pits. Tangential vitreal traction may promote the opening of a @entity292 at the optic pit and additionally thrust vitreal fluid into the pit and retinal space inducing the formation of schisis spaces, foveolar-schisis and underlying sensory serous detachment. We question whether a reduction in vitreous volume, induced by initial administration of anti- @entity726 medications, may contribute to the development and/or recurrence of @entity4818 in predisposed individuals.

title: Vitreal pathogenic role in optic pit @entity9712 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19526 :: ('MESH:C016986', 'Chemical') :: ['Apraclonidine', 'Iopidine']

entities_list: @entity4818 :: ('MESH:D056833', 'Disease') :: ['central serous choroidopathy']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['Dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['serous retinal detachment OS', 'serous detachments']

entities_list: @entity9712 :: ('MESH:D041441', 'Disease') :: ['foveolar retinoschisis', 'macular retinoschisis']

entities_list: @entity6839 :: ('MESH:D013999', 'Chemical') :: ['Timolol Maleate']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous retinopathy']


abstract: Regulatory T-cells (Treg) have been the focus of immunologic research due to their role in establishing tolerance for harmless antigens versus allowing immune responses against foes. Increased Treg frequencies measured by mRNA expression or protein synthesis of the Treg marker @entity403 were found in various @entity5 , indicating that dysregulation of Treg levels contributes to @entity5 establishment. Furthermore, they constitute a key target of immunomodulatory therapies in @entity5 as well as transplantation settings. One core obstacle for understanding the role of Treg, thus far, is the inability of @entity403 mRNA or protein detection methods to differentiate between Treg and activated T cells. These difficulties are aggravated by the technical demands of sample logistics and processing. Based on Treg-specific DNA demethylation within the @entity403 locus, we present a novel method for monitoring Treg in @entity1 peripheral blood and solid tissues. We found that Treg numbers are significantly increased in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with interleukin 2-treated @entity320 and in @entity406 -fixed tissue from @entity1 with lung and @entity694 . Conversely, we show that immunosuppressive therapy including therapeutic antibodies leads to a significant reduction of Treg from the peripheral blood of transplantation @entity1 . In addition, Treg numbers are predictively elevated in the peripheral blood of @entity1 with various solid @entity5 . Although our data generally correspond to data obtained with gene expression and protein-based methods, the results are less fluctuating and more specific to Treg. The assay presented here measures Treg robustly in blood and solid tissues regardless of conservation levels, promising fast screening of Treg in various clinical settings.

title: Quantitative DNA methylation analysis of XXXX as a new method for counting regulatory T cells in peripheral blood and solid tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['FOXP3']


abstract: @entity1398 @entity1 are at high risk of developing invasive @entity364 . A number of studies, both randomized and historical, have demonstrated that empiric therapy with @entity2379 in @entity1398 @entity1 with @entity221 , refractory to antibiotics, results in a decrease in the frequency and @entity364 . Recent years have seen a number of advances in the management of @entity1398 @entity1 . Reasonably effective antifungal prophylaxis now exists and in many centres forms part of the routine care of @entity1398 @entity1 . Other centres advocate the use of selective decontamination and/or protective isolation. Furthermore the duration of @entity1398 can be reduced with the use of haematopoetic growth factors. The impact of empiric @entity2379 in @entity1 already benefiting from such treatments has not been adequately studied. The optimum dose of empiric @entity2379 is not defined. The criteria for commencing @entity2379 therapy in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 must therefore be redefined on the basis of further studies carried out in the context of these developments. We offer an approach to the use of empiric @entity2379 based on risk factors and prophylaxis.

title: Empiric XXXX therapy: the need for a reappraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'Neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['mortality of deep fungal infections', 'fungal diseases']

answer: @entity2379 :: (MESH:D000666,Chemical) :: ['amphotericin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Either classic or novel biomarkers have not been well investigated for clinical outcomes of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) in Asian @entity1 especially ethnic Chinese. We reported here a prospective national-based follow-up study that aims to elucidate the clinical profiles and to identify the new biosignatures (especially the non-lipid profile and inflammatory biomakers) for future clinical outcomes in a sizable cohort of stable @entity453 @entity1 in Taiwan. METHODS: A total of 2500 @entity453 @entity1 under stable condition after successful percutaneous coronary intervention will be enrolled for clinical data collection and blood/urine sampling in northern, southern, western, or eastern part of Taiwan between 2012 and 2017. They will be regularly followed up at least annually for 5  years to assess all cause @entity204 , hard clinical events (including @entity65 , nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 ), and total cardiovascular events (including hard events, unplanned revascularization procedures, unplanned hospitalization for refractory or @entity1459 , and for other causes such as @entity64 , transient @entity63 attack, @entity712 , or peripheral @entity432 ). The classic and newly defined biosignatures will be compared in @entity1 with and without clinical events during follow-up. The novel biomarkers will be identified via metabolomics analyses. Additionally, @entity1314 and lifestyle data will be incorporated to explore the new dimensional views of the complex mechanisms of the disease. Till December 2014, the initial 1663 @entity1 have been successfully enrolled. Among them, 85.93% are male; 36.22% have type 2 @entity6 ; 64.82% have @entity101 ; 56.04% are smokers and 20.44% have a family history of @entity453 . Their lipid profiles are under contemporary medical control with a mean plasma total @entity165 level of 163.51        36.99  mg/dL and a mean low-density lipoprotein @entity165 level of 95.21        29.98  mg/dL. DISCUSSION: This nationwide study has successfully started to update the contemporary information and to investigate the potential predictors for clinical outcomes of stable @entity453 @entity1 in Taiwan. The identification of new biomarkers, lifestyle and @entity1314 may help to elucidate the complex mechanisms and provide the novel rational to the individual treatment strategies in Asian especially ethnic Chinese @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Identification of new biosignatures for clinical outcomes in stable XXXX - The study protocol and initial observations of a prospective follow-up study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['psychological personality']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['nonfatal stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3650 reductases (AKR1B) are widely expressed oxidoreductases whose physiological function remains elusive. Some isoforms are genuine @entity22667 ( @entity22667 ) synthases, suggesting they might influence adipose homeostasis because @entity22667 inhibits adipogenesis. This was shown by @entity31415 gene ablation in the @entity19 , which resulted in increased adiposity related to a lower @entity22667 content in fat. Yet @entity1 have no ortholog gene for @entity31415 , so the role of @entity3650 reductases in @entity1 adipose homeostasis remains to be explored. We analyzed expression of genes encoding @entity1 and @entity19 @entity3650 reductase isoforms in adipose tissues and differentiating adipocytes to assess conserved mechanisms regulating @entity22667 synthesis and adipogenesis. The @entity31414 gene encoded the most abundant isoform in @entity19 adipose tissue, whereas @entity31415 encoded the only isoform enriched in the stromal vascular fraction. Most @entity19 @entity3650 reductase gene expression peaked in early adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells and diminished with differentiation. In contrast with its @entity19 ortholog @entity31414 , @entity31414 expression increased throughout differentiation of @entity1 multipotent adipose-derived stem cells, paralleling @entity22667 release, whereas @entity22667 receptor (FP) levels collapsed in early differentiation. Pharmacological inhibition of @entity3650 reductase using Statil altered @entity22667 production and enhanced @entity1 multipotent adipose-derived stem adipocyte differentiation. As expected, the adipogenic effects of Statil were counteracted by an FP agonist ( @entity2669 ). Thus, in both species @entity3650 reductase-dependent @entity22667 production could be important in early differentiation to restrict adipogenesis. @entity22667 antiadipogenic signaling could then be toned down through the FP receptor or @entity3650 reductases down-regulation in @entity1 and @entity19 cells, respectively. Our data suggest that @entity3650 reductase inhibitors could have obesogenic potential.

title: @entity3650 Reductases Influence Prostaglandin F2a Levels and Adipocyte Differentiation in Male @entity19 and XXXX Species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a', 'PGF2a']

entities_list: @entity2669 :: ('MESH:D003008', 'Chemical') :: ['cloprostenol']

entities_list: @entity3650 :: ('CHEBI:15693', 'Chemical') :: ['aldose', 'Aldose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the signalment, history, clinical features, and outcome in @entity235 weighing greater than 15 kg, treated surgically and non-surgically for @entity22467 . Risk factors for the development of @entity22467 , @entity260 , and outcome were evaluated. METHODS: Details regarding signalment, bodyweight, breed, aetiology, unilateral or bilateral luxation, duration of @entity1273 , grade of luxation, direction of luxation, grade of @entity1273 at presentation, concomitant cranial cruciate @entity397 , method of treatment, surgical technique, surgeon, and complications were obtained from the medical records. Outcome was graded as excellent, good, fair, or poor, according to the degree of @entity1273 . RESULTS: Seventy @entity235 (45 males and 25 females) were included. Thirty-five had bilateral luxations (105 limbs). Mean age was two years, and mean weight was 30 kg. The relative risk for Labrador retrievers was 3.3 (P<0.001). All luxations were developmental. Luxations were medial in 102 stifles and lateral in three. Fourteen stifles had concomitant cranial cruciate @entity397 . As the grade of @entity22467 increased, so did the grade of @entity1273 (P<0.001). Surgery was performed in 70 stifles, and outcome was excellent/good in 94 per cent and fair/poor in 6 per cent of stifles. Complications occurred in 29 per cent of stifles, and increasing bodyweight was found to be a risk factor (P=0.03). Thirty-five stifles were managed non-surgically, and outcome was excellent/good in 86 per cent and fair/poor in 14 per cent of stifles. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In view of the potential risk of @entity260 , all surgically treated cases of @entity22467 in large breed @entity235 should be managed with a femoral trochleoplasty, a tibial tuberosity transposition (stabilised with K-wires and a @entity2701 band wire), and soft tissue releasing and tightening procedures.

title: XXXX in 70 large breed @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ligament rupture']

entities_list: @entity22467 :: ('MESH:C536308', 'Disease') :: ['patellar luxation']

answer: @entity22467 :: (MESH:C536308,Disease) :: ['Patellar luxation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutational activation of @entity984 and @entity817 proto-oncogenes contributes to the development of many @entity1 @entity5 . Current research on gynecological @entity5 and specifically in cervical and @entity1204 is focused on the mechanisms of their mutational activation. OBJECTIVES: In view of the paucity of data on their mutation frequency and the status of @entity817 in these two types of gynecological @entity5 , we performed a systematic molecular study in 114 clinically and histologically well-defined @entity5 of uterine cervix and endometrium and correlated the mutation status of @entity984 and @entity817 with the age at diagnosis and with @entity5 grade, stage or histological type. METHODS: Direct sequence analysis of the PCR products of @entity984 and @entity817 genes was used to screen for known activating mutations. RESULTS: In 67 cases of @entity1204 , six @entity984 mutations (8.9%) were found, four at codon 12 (5.9%) and two at codon 13 (2.9%), while no mutation was detected at codon 61. Most of the mutations occurred in surgical stage I and in the @entity4348 subtype. We also detected three @entity984 point mutations (6.3%) in the 47 cervical @entity5 samples, two at codon 12 (4.2%) and one at codon 13 (2.1%), while there was no mutation at codon 61. On the contrary, no mutation was identified in @entity817 exon 15 for either @entity1204 samples at position V600, which represents the most frequently mutated site of @entity817 in @entity1 @entity5 . There was no association between @entity984 mutations with either histological type, @entity5 grade or stage. Interestingly, however, @entity984 mutation status in @entity1204 was strongly associated with increased age at diagnosis (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data document (a) the absence of @entity817 mutations in cervical and @entity1204 , despite the mutation status of @entity984 , (b) suggest that @entity984 mutations reflect an early event in endometrial carcinogenesis and (c) imply that @entity817 activation is involving alternative pathways in these two types of @entity5 .

title: Consistent absence of @entity817 mutations in cervical and @entity1204 despite XXXX mutation status.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial or cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: @entity1372 retention and symptoms and signs of @entity6112 are commonly recorded during GH administration in both @entity2338 @entity1 and normal subjects. Most reports have however, been casuistic or uncontrolled. In a randomized double blind placebo-controlled cross-over study we therefore examined the effect of 14-day GH administration (12 IU sc at 2000 h) on plasma volume, extracellular volume (ECV), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), @entity5463 , and the @entity916 angiotensin system in eight healthy adult @entity1 . A significant GH induced increase in serum insulin growth factor I was observed. GH caused a significant increase in ECV (L): 20.45 +/- 0.45 (GH), 19.53 +/- 0.48 (placebo) (P less than 0.01), whereas plasma volume (L) remained unchanged 3.92 +/- 0.16 (GH), 4.02 +/- 0.13 (placebo). A significant decrease in plasma ANP (pmol/L) after GH administration was observed: 2.28 +/- 0.54 (GH), 3.16 +/- 0.53 (placebo) P less than 0.01. Plasma @entity1369 (pmol/L): 129 +/- 14 (GH), 89 +/- 17 (placebo), P = 0.08, and plasma @entity2178 (pmol/L) levels: 18 +/- 12 (GH), 14 +/- 7 (placebo), P = 0.21, were not significantly elevated. No changes in plasma @entity5463 occurred (1.86 +/- 0.05 pmol/L vs. 1.90 +/- 0.05, P = 0.33). Serum @entity1372 and blood pressure remained unaffected. Moderate complaints, which could be ascribed to water retention, were recorded in four subjects [periorbital @entity4 (n = 3), @entity43134 (n = 2) and light articular @entity158 (n = 1)]. The symptoms were most pronounced after 2-3 days of treatment and diminished at the end of the period. In summary, 14 days of high dose GH administration caused a significant increase in ECV and a significant suppression of ANP.

title: Expansion of extracellular volume and suppression of atrial natriuretic peptide after growth hormone administration in normal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['fluid retention']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity43134 :: ('MESH:C536316', 'Disease') :: ['acral paraesthesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Introduction. @entity631 ( @entity631 ) is a @entity66 , rapidly leading to @entity454 . Diagnosis should be accurate and treatment should be started immediately. We investigated the factors associated with the renal prognosis in @entity631 @entity1 . Materials and Methods. Forty-one @entity1 with @entity631 who were followed up at the Nephrology Clinic of Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital were divided into 2 arms of the dialysis-dependent group after treatment and the group that was followed up without dialysis. Demographic and clinical features along with biopsy findings during time of diagnosis were evaluated for both groups. Results. The mean age was 41.3    17.2 years old and 26 were @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 developed @entity454 , requiring long-term dialysis. The dialysis-dependent group had higher serum @entity1011 levels (8.2    3.6 mg/dL versus 2.6    2.5 mg/dL) and percentages of glomeruli with crescent (83.1    19.1% versus 56.4    11.9%), were more likely to have oligoruia- @entity1696 (90.5% versus 9.5%) and be dialysis-dependent at admission (86.4% versus 13.6%), and had longer elapsed time until the beginning of treatment (18.9    10.4 days versus 10.6    3.0 days) after treatment. At admission, their serum @entity1011 was greater than 4.2 mg/dL and the rate of crescentic glomeruli was greater than 63%. Conclusions. In @entity1 with @entity631 , renal prognosis is poor and the time of admission to the hospital, degree of @entity177 , presence of oligo- @entity1696 , dialysis requirement, and the percentage of crescentic glomeruli on biopsy are closely related to progression to @entity454 .

title: Prognostic factors in crescentic XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatal disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['CGN', 'Crescentic glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']