abstract: 1. Electrical stimulation of an afferent nerve triggers a 30-min period of firing of action potentials in the bag cell neurons of @entity11066 . This afterdischarge causes the animal to undergo a long-lasting sequence of stereotyped reproductive behaviors culminating in laying of eggs. The connective sheath surrounding the clusters of bag cell neurons is interspersed with a network of particles that are immunoreactive to an antiserum raised against the @entity18847 neurotransmitter @entity12927 (FMRFa). Because the sheath is known to be rich in processes from the bag cell neurons, these data suggest that an FMRFa-like peptide may be located in neuronal processes that are in close contact with those of the bag cell neurons. 2. Application of FMRFa to bag cell neurons in intact abdominal ganglia effectively suppresses the onset of the afterdischarge in response to electrical stimulation and terminates an ongoing afterdischarge in a reversible manner. 3. Application of FMRFa to isolated bag cell neurons in primary cell culture causes an attenuation of the amplitude of evoked action potentials. This could be attributed in part to an attenuation of the voltage-activated @entity460 current, which in voltage-clamp experiments was found to be reduced by 10-40%. 4. Application of FMRFa to bag cell neuron in primary culture also causes a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential by activating an outward current with a reversal potential of approximately -67 mV. Ion substitution experiments, together with application of channel blockers, indicate that this current is carried by both @entity972 and @entity2865 ions. Activation of this current is suppressed by treatment of the cells with either a @entity1919 analogue or a @entity4621 activator of protein kinase C. 5. FMRFa exerts a powerful inhibitory influence on the bag cell neurons by altering the properties of ion currents involved in both the generation of action potentials and control of the resting potential. This suggests that this neuropeptide plays a role in the regulation of the onset of afterdischarge in vivo.

title: The peptide FMRFa terminates a discharge in Aplysia bag cell neurons by modulating @entity460 , @entity972 , and XXXX conductances.

entities_list: @entity12927 :: ('MESH:D019835', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide']

entities_list: @entity18847 :: ('CHEBI:48030', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrapeptide']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity11066 :: ('6500', 'Species') :: ['Aplysia californica']

answer: @entity2865 :: (CHEBI:17996,Chemical) :: ['chloride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity296 is a common hallmark of many @entity299 . Late @entity2287 enhanced MRI is a powerful tool to image replacement @entity82 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). @entity82 can be assessed indirectly from an extracellular volume fraction measurement using contrast-enhanced T1 mapping. Detection of short T2* species resulting from fibrotic tissue may provide an attractive non-contrast-enhanced alternative to directly visualize the presence of both replacement and interstitial @entity82 . OBJECTIVE: To goal of this paper was to explore the use of a T2*-weighted radial sequence for the visualization of @entity82 in @entity19 heart. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 were studied with @entity583 (n = 20, replacement @entity82 ), transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (n = 18, @entity82 ), and as control (n = 10). 3D center-out radial T2*-weighted images with varying TE were acquired in vivo and ex vivo (TE = 21  s-4 ms). Ex vivo T2*-weighted signal decay with TE was analyzed using a 3-component model. Subtraction of short- and long-TE images was used to highlight fibrotic tissue with short T2*. The presence of @entity82 was validated using histology and correlated to MRI findings. RESULTS: Detailed ex vivo T2*-weighted signal analysis revealed a fast (T2*fast), slow (T2*slow) and lipid (T2*lipid) pool. T2*fast remained essentially constant. @entity1188 T2*slow decreased significantly, while a moderate decrease was observed in remote tissue in @entity583 and in TAC hearts. T2*slow correlated with the presence of @entity82 in TAC hearts (r = 0.82, P = 0.01). Ex vivo and in vivo subtraction images depicted a positive contrast in the @entity1188 co-localizing with the scar. @entity1188 volumes from histology and subtraction images linearly correlated (r = 0.94, P<0.001). Region-of-interest analysis in the in vivo post- @entity583 and TAC hearts revealed significant T2* shortening due to @entity82 , in agreement with the ex vivo results. However, in vivo contrast on subtraction images was rather poor, hampering a straightforward visual assessment of the spatial distribution of the fibrotic tissue.

title: Assessment of XXXX in @entity19 Using a T2*-Weighted 3D Radial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequence.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Interstitial fibrosis', 'diffuse fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the heart']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI', 'post-MI hearts']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Fibrosis']


abstract: @entity3204 's importance for @entity1 refers mainly to @entity281 during pregnancy, resulting in @entity2209 or @entity3251 . The authors sought to evaluate the current global status of @entity3204 seroprevalence and its correlations with risk factors, environmental and socioeconomic parameters. Literature published during the last decade on @entity3252 seroprevalence, in @entity1 who were pregnant or of childbearing age, was retrieved. A total of 99 studies were eligible; a further 36 studies offered seroprevalence data from regions/countries for which no data on pregnancy/childbearing age were available. Foci of high prevalence exist in Latin America, parts of Eastern/Central Europe, the Middle East, parts of south-east Asia and Africa. Regional seroprevalence variations relate to individual subpopulations' religious and socioeconomic practices. A trend towards lower seroprevalence is observed in many European countries and the United States of America (USA). There is no obvious climate-related gradient, excluding North and Latin America. Immigration has affected local prevalence in certain countries. We further sought to recognise specific risk factors related to seropositivity; however, such risk factors are not reported systematically. Population awareness may affect recognition of said risks. Global @entity3252 seroprevalence is continuingly evolving, subject to regional socioeconomic parameters and population habits. Awareness of these seroprevalence trends, particularly in the case of @entity1 of childbearing age, may allow proper public health policies to be enforced, targeting in particular seronegative @entity1 of childbearing age in high seroprevalence areas.

title: @entity3252 snapshots: global status of @entity3204 seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['abortion/stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['primary infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3251 :: (MESH:D014125,Disease) :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:    To investigate the incidence of @entity263 ( @entity10982 ) in @entity3595 Lanka and compare the rates with the migrant population in the UK. METHODS:    The @entity3595 Lanka @entity5 registry data were used to determine the rates of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka from 2001 to 2005.    The incidence of @entity10982 in 8,426,000 @entity1 , aged >= 30 years, was analysed using 5-year age bands and age-standardized rates were calculated using European standard population data.    The relative risk was calculated by comparison with the South Asian migrant population in the UK using the @entity263 in Ethnic Subgroups (PROCESS) study data, a population-based retrospective cohort study of 2140 @entity1 carried out over a 5-year period in four predefined areas of southern England.    Data from incidental findings of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka on transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) specimens were also analysed. RESULTS:    In all, 1378 new cases of @entity10982 were diagnosed during the 5-year period with a mean age of 69.2 years at diagnosis.    Compared with the previous 5 years, the incidence of @entity10982 had doubled to 5.7 per 100,000, but was significantly lower than in the PROCESS study (relative risk 0.25).    Districts with a higher population density had higher adjusted rates of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka (5.8-12.4 per 100,000).    For TURP specimens, 16.8-18.75% had incidental diagnoses of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka, higher than other published studies. CONCLUSIONS:    The @entity3595 Lankan @entity5 registry data showed a low rate of @entity10982 , similar to other South Asian countries, but the actual incidence of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka is probably higher than reported, as seen in the densely populated districts and the high rate of incidental diagnosis of @entity10982 in TURP specimens.    The incidence of @entity10982 in migrant South Asians in the UK was much higher than in @entity3595 Lanka.    Further studies are required to examine the environmental and genetic components which may be responsible for the low incidence of @entity10982 in @entity3595 Lanka.

title: Incidence of XXXX in @entity3595 Lanka using @entity5 registry data and comparisons with the incidence in South Asian @entity1 in England.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the prostate', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A common isolated reported finding in brain imaging studies on developmentally delayed @entity1 is delayed @entity17 . We hypothesized that brain MR imaging scans of these @entity1 would show delayed subcortical @entity17 of white matter with specific involvement of the subcortical U-fibers as these represent terminal zones of @entity17 and are the last areas to myelinate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 93 @entity1 (31 controls, 62 with @entity245 [ @entity245 ]) aged 17 to 46 months were identified on the basis of having brain MR imaging for evaluation of @entity245 (cases) or for another condition (controls). @entity1 with diseases that primarily affect white matter or overt intracranial lesions or @entity600 were excluded. @entity245 was defined as @entity1155 without a clear cause on the basis of history, physical, genetic, metabolic, and neuroimaging examinations. Developmental quotients (DQs) were calculated for all @entity1 with @entity245 on the basis of clinical history, examination, and psychometric testing. Three board-certified pediatric neuroradiologists examined axial T2-weighted brain images and used a published scoring system to rate the extent of @entity17 in the frontal, temporal, parietal, and peritrigonal brain regions. In addition, subcortical U-fibers in the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes were scored separately. Data were analyzed at both the intraobserver and interobserver levels, and scores were compared between groups and tested for interactions with age and DQ. RESULTS: There were no differences in the timing or extent of @entity17 in the control and @entity245 groups at any age in any brain region. In the @entity245 group, there was no relationship between @entity17 scores and DQ or developmental domain. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings did not support the hypothesis that there is a correlation between @entity245 and the maturity of @entity17 , including the terminal zones, as seen on conventional brain MR imaging. Neuroimaging evaluation of maturity of subcortical @entity17 is not a marker of @entity245 in young @entity1 , and the isolated "finding" of delayed @entity17 should be interpreted with caution.

title: Myelination as assessed by conventional MR imaging is normal in young XXXX with @entity245 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['myelination']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic developmental delay', 'IDD']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine effects of feeding canola and @entity1460 products as protein supplements on @entity844 composition of adipose tissue and muscle of slaughter bulls and steers and on @entity844 composition of kidney and liver total lipids of bulls. Products included canola meal (CM), extruded canola (EC, full-fat), ground canola (GC, full-fat), @entity1460 meal (SBM), and extruded @entity1460 (ES, full-fat). Tissues were obtained at slaughter from 75 crossbred beef bulls and 50 crossbred beef steers fed @entity4336 silage (17.2 to 29.7% of @entity3918 ), ground @entity4336 (56.5 to 75.0% of @entity3918 ), and protein supplements (6.8 to 21.6% of @entity3918 ). The @entity9956 was not influenced by dietary fat in either trial. Gain: feed was greater (P < .05) for bulls fed CM than for bulls fed ES, EC, or GC. Carcasses were not influenced appreciably by dietary fat. Adipose tissue of EC-fed @entity291 had the lowest percentage of 16:0 (P < .05, vs SBM, CM, and GC), whereas both EC- and GC-fed @entity291 had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). In muscle (pectoral), EC-fed bulls had a higher percentage of 18:1 than SBM-fed bulls (P < .05), and EC-fed steers had the lowest 16:0 and 16:1 and highest 18:0, 18:3, and 20:1 (P < .05). Kidney total lipids of EC- and GC-fed bulls had the lowest percentage of 16:0 and highest 18:1 and 18:3 (P < .05); bulls fed ES had the highest percentage of 18:2. Liver-lipid 16:0 was highest in ES-fed bulls and lowest in EC-fed bulls, which also had the highest 18:0 (P < .05). Bulls fed EC and GC had the highest 18:3 and 20:5 (P < .05). In conclusion, dietary full-fat canola and in some cases full-fat @entity1460 altered the @entity844 composition of lipids of adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver of beef @entity291 .

title: Effect of dietary canola on @entity844 composition of XXXX adipose tissue, muscle, kidney, and liver.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'soybeans']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In 1998, a nationwide surveillance of antibiotic resistance among @entity526 and @entity796 isolates of @entity1 from 14 Intensive Care Units in The Netherlands was initiated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of broad-spectrum penicillins with and without beta-lactamase inhibitors, @entity2886 , @entity581 and @entity2887 were determined by a broth microdilution method. An increase in percentages of resistance of @entity526 and @entity796 to most antibiotics tested was observed, but rates were still lower than those described in other countries. For @entity526 , resistance to @entity115 was fairly stable at 44% until 2004 and increased to 56% (P=0.01) in 2005. Similarly, @entity3400 had a resistance rate of ca. 11% until 2004, which then increased to 38% in 2005 (P<0.001). The MIC distributions of @entity3400 and @entity3400 / @entity7120 for @entity796 were almost identical, as were the resistance rates (4-14%). Resistance to @entity2177 nearly doubled in 2005 compared with previous years. Changes in resistance to the antibiotics tested were confirmed by trend analysis. Together with infection control measures, antibiotic resistance surveillance is an important tool to control the antibiotic resistance problem.

title: Antimicrobial resistance in @entity526 and XXXX from Intensive Care Units in The Netherlands, 1998-2005.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical significance of positive peritoneal cytology in @entity1 with @entity1204 . METHODS: The records of 315 @entity1 with @entity1204 who were operated at Cancer Hospital, Fudan University between January 1996 and December 2008 were reviewed. Peritoneal cytology were performed and diagnosed in all @entity1 . Factors related with peritoneal cytology were analyzed by correlation analysis. Log-rank test and Cox regression test was used for the analysis of prognosis, respectively. RESULTS: (1) Peritoneal cytology were positive in 30 (9.5%) @entity1 . Positive peritoneal cytology was associated with pathological subtype (P = 0.013), stage (P = 0.000), @entity3 (P = 0.012), lymph-vascular space invasion (P = 0.012), serosal involvement (P = 0.004), cervical involvement (P = 0.016), adnexal involvement (P = 0.000), and omental involvement (P = 0.000), with no association with grade (P = 0.152) and lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.066). (2) Three-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 93.0% and 85.5%, respectively. Positive peritoneal cytology, surgical stage, pathological subtype, @entity3 , grade, and lymph-vascular space invasion were significantly associated with worse prognosis by univariate analysis (P < 0.05), while only surgical-pathology stage and @entity3 were independent prognostic factors by multivariate analysis (P < 0.05). For 30 cases with positive peritoneal cytology, the @entity1 with no high risk factors shown significantly prognoses better than those with any risk factors. The results shown that for @entity1 with late stage (stage III-IV) @entity1204 with positive peritoneal cytology was significantly associated with the worse @entity1349 and PFS by multivariate analysis (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Positive peritoneal cytology was associated with serosal involvement, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, omental involvement, and late stage. Therefore, peritoneal cytology should be performed and reported separately as a part of full surgical staging procedure.

title: [Clinical implications of positive peritoneal cytology in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with well-documented @entity3182 were studied by measurement of blood volume, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, plasma @entity1369 concentration, @entity916 substrate concentration, and plasma @entity916 activity. They were then given 750 ml of stored plasma, 750 ml of fresh frozen plasma, and then an infusion of @entity2178 , in random order on successive days. Infusion of fresh frozen plasma improved function more than did stored plasma and in addition returned a very low filtration fraction toward normal. @entity2178 infusion increased filtration fraction, but decreased glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and urine flow sharply. @entity1 were then given a daily infusion of 1,000 ml of fresh frozen plasma for seven to 18 days to expand the blood volume to supranormal levels as assayed by serial measurement of blood volume. Plasma @entity1369 levels decreased to a normal range, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow both increased, and urinary excretion of @entity1372 and @entity972 both returned toward normal. The effect of intraperitoneal pressure was then studied by measuring glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, pressure in the vena cava, hepatic vein free flow, and hepatic vein wedged pressure before, during, and after paracentesis to reduce the intraperitoneal pressure from 30 to 40 cm @entity2507 to 12 to 17 cm @entity2507 . Venous pressures moved parallel to ascitic fluid pressures, and glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, and urine flow all improved sharply; then, as ascitic fluid continued to form, reducing vascular volume, urine flow, glomerular filtration rate, and renal plasma flow all decreased slowly. Six @entity1 then underwent placement of a LeVeen shunt. Improvement in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow and clinical condition was dramatic. During postoperative observation of up to two years, progressive improvement in hepatic function has occurred.

title: XXXX . Studies of the effect of vascular volume and intraperitoneal pressure on renal and hepatic function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity3182 :: (MESH:D006530,Disease) :: ['Hepatorenal syndrome']


abstract: In therapy study @entity981 -BFM 83 a total of 630 @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) have prospectively been evaluated for initial response on therapy with @entity288 . It was the aim to qualify the in vivo cytoreduction as a new predictor for therapy failure. All @entity1 were exposed for 7 days to @entity229 before combination chemotherapy at day 8 has been started. At day 0 one additional dose of @entity1499 was given intrathecally. Therapy for all @entity1 with non-B- @entity981 has been stratified according to initial @entity5 burden (risk factor) providing four therapy branches: standard risk low (SR-L), standard risk high (SR-H), medium risk (MR), @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ). After a median duration of study of 21 months, event-free survival (EFS) is for all 630 @entity1 73%, 81% for SR-L, 76% for SR-H, 69% for MR, and 35% for @entity2101 @entity1 (date of evaluation Jan. 1, 1987). In this prospective study, a small subgroup of @entity1 (n = 48; 7.6% of total group) is characterized by greater than 1000 leukemic blasts/mm3 peripheral blood at day 8 after exposure to @entity229 . In this subgroup the EFS is only 43% in contrast to 76% in the complementary group of 582 @entity1 with less than 1000 leukemic blasts/mm3 peripheral blood at day 8. @entity1 of that risk group are derived from therapy branches SR-H, M and @entity2101 , the latter contributing relatively most @entity1 . In this negatively selected group all @entity1 with an initial high white blood count, @entity149 at diagnosis, immune subtypes as @entity981 (n = 6), @entity981 (n = 18), null- @entity981 (n = 5), and males clearly dominate. Of 48 @entity1 with greater than 1000 blasts/mm3 at day 8 4 subsequently failed to enter remission and 8 were qualified as lateresponders. 18 @entity1 relapsed, most of them earlier compared to those of the complementary group. The initial in vivo response on corticosteroid therapy is considered a supplementary prognostic predictor for early failure. It will be utilized in trial @entity981 /NHL-BFM 86 to qualify @entity1 at the highest risk for relapse. This group of @entity1 is supplemented in addition by non- and lateresponders and @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). The in vivo corticosteroid test is simple, generates early and reliable results and can be obtained almost always. Thus it may be recommended for use in a multicenter trial.

title: [Corticosteroid-dependent reduction of leukocyte count in blood as a prognostic factor in @entity981 in childhood (therapy study XXXX -BFM 83)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'prae-T-ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute undifferentiated leukemia', 'AUL']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: A 15-year-old gelding presented with a progressive @entity1273 .5 months duration. Clinically, a @entity384 with a firm elastic consistency and a pronounced tenderness was noted. Ultrasonically, a marked @entity4 with an irregular density of the mesotendineum was observed. The white, firm material forming a nodular distension of the flexor tendon sheath with a diameter of approximately 1 cm was excised and sent for histopathological examination. Biopsies of the @entity427 were sent for histopathological evaluation. Histologically, the mass consisted of clefts and numerous anastomosing vascular channels extending between the collagen fibers of the @entity427 . These capillary-like spaces were lined by neoplastic cells that were flattened to polygonal and contained few erythrocytes. There was 0 to 1 mitotic figure per 10 high power fields (400 ). Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells stained positive for @entity22673 and factor VIII-related antigen. Adjacent to the neoplastic endothelial cells located pericytes expressed a-smooth muscle actin antigen. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical features, @entity2695 was diagnosed. One year after surgery, the @entity1641 has shown no lameness.

title: XXXX in an adult @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity1273 :: ('MESH:D007794', 'Disease') :: ['lameness of the left forelimb of 2']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilation of the deep flexor tendon sheath']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling of the flexor tendon sheath']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['deep flexor tendon and corresponding tendon sheath', 'deep flexor tendon']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['Synovial hemangioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e284 Background: @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) is a major component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) that is widely used in Asian countries. In China, an estimated 397.7 million outpatients and 14.8 million inpatients were cared by TCM physicians and hospitals annually. TCM usage is even higher among pts with @entity5 . It is reported that 80% of pts with @entity5 use @entity1058 and 90% of oncologists have prescribed @entity1058 in practice. We reviewed @entity1058 practice among @entity5 survivors in our hospital, a community general hospital with 800 beds located in the east coast of China. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted by searching outpatient medical records from June 2012 to August 2015. Pts were eligible if pts have pathologically proven @entity5 and who have completed main anticancer therapies and used @entity1058 prescribed in the outpatient clinic. Descriptive statistical and survival analysis were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: A total of 300 pts were identified, with a median age of 62 years (31-90), 53% were male, with 36 types of @entity5 . The most common @entity5 were lung (32%), breast (15%), colorectal (12%), stomach (9%) and liver (6%). 48% pts had stage IV disease. 47% pts used @entity1058 for health maintenance and 53% pts used @entity1058 for anticancer intent. 57% pts used @entity1058 exclusively and 43% used @entity1058 in addition to standard therapies. The median number of outpatient visits was 17 (1-158) with an average of 19 prescribed herbs per @entity1 at each visit. During the period, 36% pts passed away with a median overall survival of 24. 9 months (2-108 months). CONCLUSIONS: Using @entity1058 for health maintenance or anticancer intent is common among Chinese @entity5 survivors. A majority of @entity5 survivors used @entity1058 exclusively without other interventions. Future research should focus on whether using @entity1058 has any survival benefits in @entity5 survivors.

title: Using Chinese herbal medicine among XXXX survivors: Data from a community hospital in China.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['CHM', 'Chinese Herbal Medicine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 are known to regulate apoptosis. There has been growing interest in analyzing their contribution to the pathogenesis and prognosis in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of these proteins in @entity420 and to determine their relationship with clinicopathologic parameters and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archival @entity5 tissues from 61 @entity1 with @entity2220 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 proteins. Clinical information was obtained through the computerized retrospect database from the @entity5 registry. RESULTS: Of 61 @entity1 , 32 were @entity1 and 29 @entity1 with the median age 63 years. 4 had stage I disease, 2 had @entity34 and 55 had @entity5 . The expression of @entity517 protein was identified in 13% (8/61) @entity5 , @entity588 protein was detected in 1.6% @entity5 (1/61) and @entity876 was detected in 77% (47/71) @entity5 . The association of the expression of @entity517 , @entity588 and @entity876 was not detected. The survival time was longer in @entity1 expressing @entity517 protein than in @entity1 without the @entity517 protein expression (p=.045). Neither @entity588 nor @entity876 showed the correlation to clinicopathologic variables. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest the involvement of @entity876 alteration in the pathogenesis of @entity2220 . The @entity517 expression in some @entity5 indicates that @entity517 alone may not contribute critically to the development and/or the progression of these @entity5 . It, however, correlated to the survival time, suggesting the @entity517 expression as a favorable prognostic factor possibly through the apoptosis pathway.

title: The expression of @entity517 , XXXX and @entity876 proteins in @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of lung', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the use of a sustained-release formulation of @entity18245 , a long-acting analogue of @entity1943 , in the treatment of @entity2012 . Fifteen @entity1 with active @entity2012 , as defined by random @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) levels greater than 10 mU/l, which fail to be suppressed to less than 5 mU/l following an oral @entity413 load, were studied. @entity18245 was administered as an intramuscular injection in two regimens: eight @entity1 were given a single injection of the sustained-release formulation and blood samples taken over the next month for the measurement of both basal levels of @entity2124 and the @entity2124 response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone; and eight @entity1 were given injections of the sustained-release formulation at 2-week intervals over a 6-month period and basal plasma @entity2124 levels and the @entity2124 response to both an oral @entity413 load and to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was assessed. Following a single intramuscular dose of the sustained-release preparation, random @entity2124 levels were reduced to below 10 mU/l in five @entity1 and by greater than 50% of basal levels in the remainder. The @entity442 ( @entity442 ) levels fell to within the normal range in three @entity1 . In the long-term efficacy study. @entity2124 levels were reduced to < 10 mU/l in 7/8 @entity1 . The @entity442 levels were normalized in four @entity1 . Five of the eight @entity1 experienced @entity294 , two of mild and three of moderate severity; none of the @entity1 withdrew from the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the long-acting @entity1943 analogue @entity18245 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['somatuline', 'Somatuline']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: To synthesize and critically analyze literature related to pediatric opioid withdrawal. DESIGN: Critical review of literature related to pediatric opioid tapering and withdrawal. METHODS: Studies published in peer-reviewed journals were systematically searched using Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed for themes and similarities. FINDINGS: The majority of published research has focused on the episodic nature of @entity3347 during opioid tapering. Only 1 study produced a valid and reliable pediatric opioid withdrawal symptom assessment-instrument and 1 study produced a valid and reliable pediatric opioid and @entity1245 symptom assessment instrument. One study conducted in an adult and pediatric population analyzed the effect of the use of an opioid taper algorithm on occurrence and nature of @entity3347 . CONCLUSIONS: The scope of research on pediatric opioid withdrawal is limited. Studies examining the effect of an opioid taper algorithm on incidence of @entity3347 in @entity1 are sorely needed. Further validation of the 2 withdrawal assessment tools for @entity1 is warranted.

title: Opioid tapering in XXXX : a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['opioid withdrawal symptoms', 'withdrawal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Whole cell patch-clamp techniques were applied to cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from the longitudinal layer of the late pregnant @entity35 myometrium. Effects of @entity172 on Ca channels were examined. Inhibitory effects of @entity10769 (1 microM) on Ca channel currents were recognized. The inhibitory effects of @entity10769 depended on holding potentials. @entity10769 shifted the steady-state inactivation curve in the negative direction by 7 mV at mid potential (n = 9). @entity4742 , a synthetic @entity172 , gave similar effects on Ca channel currents at lower concentration (2 microM) to those of @entity10769 . Strong inhibitory effects on Ca channel currents were obtained by higher concentration (20 microM). @entity4742 shifted the steady-state inactivation curve in the negative direction by 7 mV at mid potential (n = 5). The results indicate that @entity172 influence the voltage dependency and the whole cell conductance of Ca channels of pregnant @entity35 myometrial cells. The acute effect of @entity172 may cause both electrical and mechanical @entity308 of myometrium.

title: Effects of @entity172 on Ca channels in myometrial cells isolated from pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity10769 :: ('CHEBI:16469', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Estradiol', 'beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity19606 ( @entity19606 ) is a @entity74 . Although postmortem studies have demonstrated mural thickening in leptomeningeal arteries and lenticulostriate perforating arteries, it is unclear whether this also leads to luminal narrowing. High-field MRI scanners enable in vivo imaging of the lumen of the lenticulostriate arteries. The aim of this study is to examine the luminal diameters of lenticulostriate arteries in living @entity1 with @entity19606 and to investigate whether luminal narrowing is correlated with the number of @entity1188 in the basal ganglia. METHODS: Twenty-two @entity7363 mutation carriers and 11 healthy control subjects were examined using high-resolution 3-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography imaging on a 7-T MRI scanner. Scans were analyzed for the presence of focal stenotic segments. The total number, length, and total cross-sectional area of lenticulostriate arteries were measured and compared between mutation carriers and control subjects. These measurements were correlated with age, disease duration, and number of @entity1188 in the basal ganglia. RESULTS: No stenotic segments were observed. No differences between mutation carriers and control subjects were found in total number of end branches (mutation carriers: mean, 14.6; control subjects: mean, 12.8), length of the lenticulostriate system, or total @entity21962 . Measurements of @entity21962 were not associated with @entity1188 load in the basal ganglia area or with basal ganglia hyperintensities. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiographic on 7 T showed no differences in luminal diameters of lenticulostriate arteries between @entity1 with @entity19606 and control subjects.

title: @entity21962 are normal in cerebral @entity74 with subcortical XXXX and leukoencephalopathy: a high-field in vivo MRI study.

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'lacunar infarct']

entities_list: @entity19606 :: ('MESH:D046589', 'Disease') :: ['CADASIL', 'Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity21962 :: ('MESH:D020144', 'Disease') :: ['lenticulostriate artery lumina', 'cross-sectional area of lenticulostriate artery lumina']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarcts']


abstract: Low @entity2100 frequencies have been commonly observed in chorionic villus sample (CVS) cultures, compared to subsequent analysis in whole blood or products of conception (POC). To investigate possible mechanisms for this effect, CVS cultures from a previously identified @entity2100 positive male, were restudied and compared to subsequent POC cultures from lung, muscle, skin, and thymus. Cultures were exposed, for the last 24 hours before harvesting, to FUdR, excess @entity1014 , and a combination of both. For CVS, only those cultures that were exposed to a combination of FUdR and excess @entity1014 showed positive cytogenetic findings (1/90 or 1.1%), agreeing with our original positive cytogenetic results (2/86 or 2.3%) for cultures exposed to excess @entity1014 . @entity2100 frequencies in the POC tissues from this fetus increased to an average of 14%. PCR analyses showed full mutations (> 200 CGG repeats) in uninduced CVS cultures but induced cultures exhibited apparently smaller sizes in the range of 120-180 repeats. The results showed variability. In one instance, the banding pattern from one of the uninduced cultures was similar to the results where cultures were exposed to a double induction system. When PCR analyses were conducted on induced POC cultures, full mutations were observed in virtually all samples. Southern blot genomic analysis using probe StB12.3 showed an unmethylated full mutation in CVS cultures. Southern blot patterns from cultures of muscle revealed size variations of DNA bands in the premutation range representing unmethylated DNA as well as methylated full mutations. Finally, variations were also observed in lung and skin cultures, compared to CVS and muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induction systems in CVS cultures: effect on cytogenetic, PCR, and genomic Southern Blot DNA analyses of the FMR-1 gene.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['Fragile X', 'fragile X']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['Fragile X']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 reduction strategies use blood pressure in the brachial artery as the primary endpoint. Individuals who achieve the target blood pressure reduction with antihypertensive treatment have residual cardiovascular risk attributed to the difference in pressure between the aorta and brachial artery. Antihypertensive treatment affects the intrinsic properties of the vascular wall and arterial stiffness markers and consequently the central pressure. Recent publications stress the importance of adequate control of the central compared to peripheral blood pressure. Related clinical implications suggest that individuals with normal peripheral but high central blood pressure should not receive antihypertensive drugs that act on the central pressure. Therefore, they are at greater cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with a @entity6662 diuretic versus @entity9886 on the central blood pressure in stage 1 @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 were randomized to the @entity9804 25 mg/ @entity6478 5 mg group (q.d.) and 25 @entity1 received @entity9886 50 mg (b.i.d). The central systolic blood pressure (CSBP) and augmentation index (AIx 75) were assessed using applanation tonometry. The paired t-test was used to compare the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), CSBP and AIx 75 between the @entity6662 and @entity9886 groups at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Significant reductions in CSBP (123.3    14.2 vs. 113.4    111.4, P = 0.0103) and AIx 75 (87.7    9.6 vs. 83.8    8.9, P = 0.0289) were observed after 6 months of drug treatment with @entity9804 25 mg/ @entity6478 5 mg (q.d.). The administration of @entity9886 50 mg (b.i.d) did not reduce the CSBP and there were insignificant changes in the AIx 75. CONCLUSIONS: Six-month treatment of @entity9804 / @entity6478 but not @entity9886 reduces the CSBP and AIx 75 in adults with stage 1 @entity101 .

title: @entity9804 Plus XXXX Reduces the Central Systolic Blood Pressure in Stage 1 @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity9804 :: ('MESH:D002752', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorthalidone']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['Amiloride']


abstract: @entity944 late after surgery for @entity299 is usually attributed to @entity943 , which may be difficult to suppress. In this study 19 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) documented by 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring were treated with @entity3174 orally. Sixteen @entity1 had undergone previous repair of the tetralogy of Fallot; three had undergone aortic valve surgery. Nine of these @entity1 had been unresponsive to previous antiarrhythmic therapy. Before treatment, four @entity1 had @entity1165 , three had couplets, six had frequent multiform @entity1540 , four had infrequent multiform @entity1540 , and two had frequent uniform @entity1540 . During treatment with @entity3174 , the @entity943 was decreased in all 19 @entity1 and was completely suppressed in 15; the four remaining @entity1 had only uniform @entity1540 on repeat ambulatory ECG. The mean serum level was 16.8 micrograms/ml (range 12 to 25 micrograms/ml) with a mean dose of 3.4 mg/kg (range 2 to 4 mg/kg). In one @entity1 a @entity1910 led to discontinuation of @entity3174 ; no other side effects occurred. In summary, @entity3174 was used to successfully suppress @entity943 in 19 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1540 late after surgery for @entity299 . @entity3174 would appear to be the drug of choice for this @entity1 group.

title: XXXX therapy for @entity943 occurring late after surgery for @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin', 'Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['VPCs', 'ventricular premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity3174 :: (MESH:D010672,Chemical) :: ['Phenytoin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The environmental and genetic factors are known to be associated with @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Here, we investigated the @entity9164 and @entity4192 polymorphisms and @entity286 uses in @entity1 and in their first-degree relatives to evaluate susceptibility toward @entity213 . Further, we explored high-risk interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Genotyping of @entity9164 and @entity4192 was performed in 170 @entity1 , 300 first-degree relatives of @entity1 and 300 controls using multiplex PCR. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and logistic regression approach were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Analysis revealed that @entity9164 and @entity4192 null genotype frequencies were significantly higher in @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio (OR)  =  2.18; P  <  0.001 and OR  =  1.61; P  =  0.031, respectively). Also, the @entity9164 and @entity4192 null genotype frequencies were significantly higher in first-degree relatives of @entity1 compared with controls (P  =  0.004 and P  =  0.041, respectively). In MDR analysis, the best model for @entity213 risk was four-factors model of @entity286 , betel quid chewing, smoking and @entity9164 null genotypes (cross-validation consistency  =  10/10 and P  <  0.0001), whereas in interaction entropy graphs, @entity286 chewing and @entity9164 null genotype further showed strongest synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: @entity9164 and @entity4192 null genotypes may act as markers to determine the genetic susceptibility in @entity213 @entity1 and in their first-degree relatives. Furthermore, @entity286 chewing and @entity9164 null genotype interaction identified as the strongest gene-environment model to predict @entity213 .

title: Gene-environment interaction and susceptibility in head and neck cancer XXXX and in their first-degree relatives: a study of Northeast Indian population.

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From January 1974 to October 1983, 5072 gastroscopies were performed in 3351 @entity1 with a total of 14,554 biopsy specimens taken from 2565 lesions in the stomach. The endoscopic diagnoses and their histologic counterparts were recorded and the diagnostic yield of specimens from each type of lesion analyzed. @entity356 was finally diagnosed in 139 @entity1 . The diagnosis was delayed, from 1 to 4 months, in five @entity1 because of false-negative diagnoses. These @entity1 all had @entity5 . Moreover, early @entity356 was mainly of the ulcerating type. Accordingly, an @entity1066 is the most important one to biopsy. Only four @entity5 were found in 959 benign-appearing @entity75 . Twenty-one @entity1 with negative biopsy results at the first endoscopy were later shown to have @entity5 . When these biopsy specimens were re-examined, @entity706 was found in one and @entity420 in three cases. In spite of false-negative endoscopic findings, nonrepresentative biopsy material and false-negative histologic reports, the combination of biopsy results and clinical judgement led to correct and timely treatment in nearly all @entity1 .

title: XXXX detection in biopsy specimens taken from different types of gastric lesions.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerating cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['gastritic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer lesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: A time-course pathogenesis study was performed to compare and contrast primary @entity4021 following simulated-natural (intra-nasopharyngeal) virus exposure of @entity291 that were non-vaccinated or vaccinated using a recombinant adenovirus-vectored FMDV vaccine. FMDV genome and infectious virus were detected during the initial phase of @entity281 in both categories of animals with consistent predilection for the nasopharyngeal mucosa. A rapid progression of @entity281 with @entity646 and widespread dissemination of virus occurred in non-vaccinated animals whilst vaccinated @entity291 were protected from @entity646 and clinical @entity4631 . Analysis of micro-anatomic distribution of virus during early @entity281 by lasercapture microdissection localized FMDV RNA to follicle-associated epithelium of the nasopharyngeal mucosa in both groups of animals, with concurrent detection of viral genome in nasopharyngeal MALT follicles in vaccinated @entity291 only. FMDV structural and non-structural proteins were detected in epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa by immunomicroscopy 24 hours after inoculation in both non-vaccinated and vaccinated steers. Co-localization of CD11c+/MHC II+ cells with viral protein occurred early at primary @entity281 sites in vaccinated steers while similar host-virus interactions were observed at later time points in non-vaccinated steers. Additionally, numerous CD8+/CD3- host cells, representing presumptive natural killer cells, were observed in association with foci of primary @entity4021 in the nasopharyngeal mucosa of vaccinated steers but were absent in non-vaccinated steers. Immunomicroscopic evidence of an activated antiviral response at primary @entity281 sites of vaccinated @entity291 was corroborated by a relative induction of interferon -a, -b, -y and -   mRNA in micro-dissected samples of nasopharyngeal mucosa. Although vaccination protected @entity291 from @entity646 and clinical @entity4631 , there was subclinical @entity281 of epithelial cells of the nasopharyngeal mucosa that could enable shedding and long-term persistence of infectious virus. Additionally, these data indicate different mechanisms within the immediate host response to @entity281 between non-vaccinated and vaccinated @entity291 .

title: Pathogenesis of Primary @entity4021 Virus Infection in the Nasopharynx of Vaccinated and Non-Vaccinated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4021 :: ('MESH:D005536', 'Disease') :: ['foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection', 'FMDV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cattle']


abstract: To clarify heterologous regulation of a receptor is important in considering medication. @entity112 constricts the airway smooth muscle through the action to the @entity24675 ), which contributes to @entity565 . @entity2263 )-Adrenergic receptor (beta2R) agonists are widely used in asthmatic therapy for their bronchodilating effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of beta2R activation on the @entity24675 function using @entity3569 ovary cells stably co-expressing @entity1 histamine @entity24675 and beta2R (CHO-H1/ @entity2263 cell). The stimulation of beta2R resulted in the decrease of @entity24675 in the membrane. Heterologous @entity24675 down-regulation was significantly reversed in the presence of the @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor @entity12176 . Since phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) by second messenger-dependent kinases, is proposed to be a key step initiating heterologous receptor desensitization, we examined whether heterologous @entity24675 down-regulation was accompanied by @entity24675 phosphorylation. @entity24675 was phosphorylated by beta2R stimulation; however, a PKA inhibitor did not inhibit heterologous @entity24675 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that @entity24675 was heterologously regulated by beta2R. Not only a direct action of beta2R agonist to beta2R causing bronchodilation but also indirect action that reduces the number of @entity24675 responsible for bronchoconstriction might contribute to a decrease in the bronchial resistance, which proposes another possible advantage of beta2R agonists for asthmatic medication.

title: @entity2263 )-adrenergic receptor-mediated @entity112 H(1) receptor down-regulation: another possible advantage of XXXX ) agonists in asthmatic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta(2']


abstract: We recently showed that intrahippocampally administered @entity935 and @entity750 exert concentration-dependent non-protective, protective and proconvulsant effects against limbic @entity410 in rats. Anticonvulsant action was mediated via, respectively, hippocampal D2 and 5-HT1A receptor stimulation, while proconvulsant effects were associated with concomitant hippocampal @entity2227 increases. We here examined whether increases in endogenous hippocampal @entity935 and @entity750 exert similar actions. Initially, dose-response experiments were performed with intrahippocampal perfusions of @entity11719 and @entity837 , respectively, selective @entity935 and @entity750 re-uptake blockers. Based on their effects on monoaminergic release, a potential non-protective, protective and proconvulsant concentration was selected. The predicted non-protective @entity11719 (10 microM) and @entity837 (0.5 microM) concentrations failed to prevent @entity2134 -induced @entity410 . The predicted protective @entity11719 (100 microM) and @entity837 (1 microM) perfusions resulted in complete anticonvulsant action, again mediated by D2 and 5-HT1A receptors. Unexpectedly, at predicted proconvulsant concentrations complete anticonvulsant action was obtained and hippocampal @entity367 remained unaltered. This study shows that selective @entity1154 re-uptake blockers have important anticonvulsant properties. Based on the previously established anticonvulsant monoamine ranges, anticonvulsant threshold concentrations can be predicted for compounds with endogenous @entity935 or @entity750 promoting effects. Non-selective actions curtailing glutamatergic activity may further be responsible for the unexpected anticonvulsant effects at predicted proconvulsant concentrations.

title: Anticonvulsant action of @entity11719 and @entity837 against acute experimentally induced limbic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: We investigated whether @entity7284 was able to enhance contractile responsiveness to neurokinin A (NKA) on the @entity840 isolated @entity825 . We then studied the effects of two inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), gliotoxin and @entity13373 , and of the @entity4756 NK(1), NK(2) and @entity21385 antagonists, @entity13631 , @entity21313 and @entity21386 and determined whether @entity4756 receptor gene expression was up-regulated in the @entity825 after exposure to @entity7284 . @entity7284 (0.1 microM, 15 h, 21 degrees C) induced an increased contractile response to NKA (mean of difference in maximal tension between control and @entity7284 +/- S.E.M; +0.47 +/- 0.14 g, n = 26, P < 0.01). This hyperresponsiveness was strongly reduced by co-incubation with gliotoxin (0.1 microg/ml) or @entity13373 (0.1 mM) and abolished by @entity13631 (0.1 microM) and @entity21386 (0.1 microM). @entity21313 (0.1 microM) diminished the tracheal contractility to NKA but failed to reduce the hyperreactivity induced by @entity7284 . @entity4756 NK(1) receptor ( @entity13630 ), @entity21387 ( @entity21387 ) and @entity21385 ( @entity21385 ) gene expression was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Compared to control tissues, @entity13630 and @entity21387 mRNA expression was increased by about 1.6-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, in tissues treated with @entity7284 . We were unable to detect the presence of @entity21385 mRNA in the @entity840 @entity825 . In conclusion, @entity7284 induces @entity8276 to NKA and an up-regulation of @entity13630 and @entity21387 gene expression. The hyperresponsiveness implicates the NFkappaB pathway and is abolished by @entity4756 NK(1) ( @entity13631 ) and NK(3) ( @entity21386 ) receptor antagonists.

title: @entity21386 , a @entity4756 @entity21385 antagonist, prevents beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist-induced hyperresponsiveness to neurokinin A in @entity840 isolated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity13373 :: ('MESH:C020972', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['Tachykinin', 'tachykinin']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: The treatment of @entity5 of the oesophagus in The General Infirmary at Leeds between the years 1975 and 1988 was reviewed. All cases with histologically proved @entity5 of the oesophagus were included, data being obtained from case notes, theatre operation books, endoscopy records, pathology records, and the Yorkshire Cancer Registry. Three hundred and sixteen @entity1 were identified. Demographic details, mode of presentation, preoperative investigations, surgical management, methods of palliation, and survival data were entered into a database. The male to female ratio was 3:2 and the median age at presentation was 69 years (range 35-96). Surgical exploration was carried out in 134 of 316 @entity1 (42%). Resection of the @entity5 , whether curative or palliative, was possible in 106 of 134 @entity1 (79%). Operative (30 day) mortality was 27%. In 22 of 134 @entity1 (16%), only intubation of the @entity5 was possible, while six @entity1 (5%) had a thoracotomy or laparotomy alone. Median survival of the 106 @entity1 after surgical resection was 292 days (range 0-14.2 years) and seven of them (7%) were still alive five years later. Of the remaining 182 @entity1 (58%) who were not operated upon, 36 @entity1 (11%) had a radical course of radiotherapy with a median survival of 175 days (range 80-453) and 146 @entity1 (46%) either had endoscopic intubation (n = 64) or received no specific treatment (n = 82) with a median survival of 106 days (1-725) and 91 days (1-358) respectively. None of the 182 @entity1 who did not have surgical treatment was alive at five years.

title: An audit of the treatment of XXXX of the oesophagus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is a @entity158 causing disability and @entity425 . Shortwave diathermy (SWD) is one of several physical therapy modalities and used predominantly as a @entity158 in the clinical practice. However, the efficacy of SWD in knee @entity571 is still inconclusive. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine if SWD increase the effectiveness of @entity7047 on @entity158 , function, muscle strength, quality of life and @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity571 . DESIGN: This was a randomised, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Inpatient Physiotherapy Department. POPULATION: Forty @entity1 aged between 42 and 74 years, with a diagnosis of bilateral primary knee @entity571 . METHODS: @entity1 were sequentially randomized into two groups. Group 1 (N.=20) received SWD and isokinetic muscular strengthening exercises. Group 2 (N.=20) served as control group and they received isokinetic exercises only. Both of the programs were performed three days a week, for a duration of four weeks, and a total of 12 sessions. @entity1 were assessed before treatment (BT), @entity34 ( @entity34 ), and at a three-month follow-up (F). Outcome measures included visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and @entity571 Index, six minute walking distance, isokinetic muscle testing, Short Form 36 and Beck @entity308 index. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity571 in each group had significant improvements in @entity158 , disability, @entity308 , walking distance, muscle strength, and quality of life @entity34 and F when compared with their initial status (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups according to all the parameters regarding the change scores between @entity34 -BT test and F-BT test (P>0.05) except some isokinetic peak torque measurements (F-BT scores of extension right 60  , 120   and flexion right 60  ). CONCLUSION: Use of SWD in addition to @entity7047 program seems to have no further significant effect in terms of @entity158 , disability, walking distance, muscle strength, quality of life and @entity308 in @entity1 with knee @entity571 . CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Considering the time and cost of combination therapy is now, the @entity7047 program, as it is efficient, may be preferable for the treatment of knee @entity571 , alone.

title: Does short-wave diathermy increase the effectiveness of @entity7047 on @entity158 , function, knee muscle strength, quality of life, and XXXX in the @entity1 with @entity626 ? A randomized controlled clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'McMaster University Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'pain', 'pain reduction modality']

entities_list: @entity7047 :: ('MESH:D001250', 'Disease') :: ['isokinetic exercise']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['after treatment', 'AT']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In @entity28 , insulin-stimulated @entity413 uptake in skeletal muscle is decreased. We investigated whether the stimulatory effect of acute exercise on @entity413 uptake and subsequent glycogen synthesis was normal. The study was performed on 18 healthy volunteers, 9 @entity28 (BMI = 32.6    1.2 kg/m(2), mean    SEM) and 9 lean (BMI = 22.0    0.9 kg/m(2)), matched for age and gender. All @entity1 underwent a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, showing reduced @entity413 uptake in the @entity28 group (P = 0.01), during which they performed a short intense local exercise (single-legged toe lifting). Dynamic @entity413 incorporation into glycogen in the gastrocnemius muscle before and after exercise was assessed by @entity7352 magnetic resonance spectroscopy combined with infusion of [1-(13)C]glucose. Blood flow was measured to investigate its potential contribution to @entity413 uptake. Before exercise, glycogen synthesis rate tended to be lower in @entity28 subjects compared with lean (78    14 vs. 132    24  mol/kg muscle/min; P = 0.07). Exercise induced highly significant rises in glycogen synthesis rates in both groups, but the increase in @entity28 subjects was reduced compared with lean (112    15 vs. 186    27  mol/kg muscle/min; P = 0.03), although the relative increase was similar (184    35 vs. 202    51%; P = 0.78). After exercise, blood flow increased equally in both groups, without a temporal relationship with the rate of glycogen synthesis. In conclusion, this study shows a stimulatory effect of a short bout of acute exercise on insulin-induced glycogen synthesis rate that is reduced in absolute values but similar in percentages in @entity28 subjects. These results suggest a shared pathway between insulin- and exercise-induced @entity413 uptake and subsequent glycogen synthesis.

title: The effect of acute exercise on glycogen synthesis rate in @entity28 subjects studied by XXXX MRS.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity7352 :: (CHEBI:36928,Chemical) :: ['13C']


abstract: We have prepared @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) conjugates of @entity8644 ( @entity8644 ) and have investigated the usefulness of this @entity8644 - @entity2823 to measure the negative cell surface charge of @entity19 bone marrow cells by flow cytometry. @entity8644 - @entity2823 conjugates of low fluorochrome to protein ratios (F/P ratio) gave insufficient fluorescence and/or formed large aggregates when stored. @entity8644 - @entity2823 conjugates of high F/P ratios (above 25) bound specifically to bone marrow cells, giving sufficient fluorescence, the intensity of which differed for the different cell types. When stored at -20 degrees C the @entity8644 - @entity2823 was stable and could be used over prolonged periods. @entity8644 - @entity2823 could be used to selectively enrich for pluripotent stem cells (CFU-S) and granulocyte/macrophage progenitors (CFU-C) by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), although the @entity8644 - @entity2823 binding to CFU-S and CFU-C was unexpectedly low. No correlation between @entity8644 - @entity2823 fluorescence, cell size and electrophoretic mobility (EPM) was observed of bone marrow cells fractionated by free flow electrophoresis. Neuraminidase treatment to remove negatively charged @entity3167 groups from the cell surface resulted in an increased binding of @entity8644 - @entity2823 , although the EPM was decreased. The @entity1885 conjugate of @entity8644 bound to bone marrow cells and could be visualised by avidin- @entity2823 . The relative fluorescence intensity for the individual cell types showed a good correlation with the cell surface charge as determined by the EPM of the different cell types. The mechanism of binding @entity8644 - @entity2823 to the cell surface was not by electrostatic interaction of the negative cell surface and positively charged @entity8644 because @entity8644 - @entity2823 of F/P ratios of above 20 was negatively charged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The use of cationized ferritin to measure cell surface charge of XXXX bone marrow cells by flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity8644 :: ('MESH:C548080', 'Disease') :: ['cationised ferritin', 'CF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delay in the diagnosis of @entity5 is associated with greater morbidity and poorer prognosis. While the national agenda relates to reducing time to referral and diagnostic delay, delay in presentation has previously been recognised as a major cause of delay in the diagnosis of this @entity1 group. AIMS: To evaluate changes in referral times and @entity1 awareness among @entity1 with @entity5 in Yorkshire over the past 18 years. DESIGN OF STUDY: Prospective cohort study. Comparison was made with a similar study in Yorkshire in 1985. SETTING: Leeds Cancer Centre Testicular Germ Cell Outpatient Clinic. METHOD: Three hundred and thirty-one @entity1 , newly diagnosed with @entity5 between August 1998 and October 2002, were asked to complete a questionnaire. The time taken from when the @entity1 first noticed symptoms to their first visit to their general practitioner (GP), from their first GP visit to their first hospital visit, and from their first hospital visit to orchidectomy were recorded. We also asked @entity1 about the treatment they were offered at their first GP visit. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 180 (54%) @entity1 . The median time that @entity1 took between when they first noticed symptoms and first visited their GP has decreased compared with 1985 (5 versus 2 weeks, respectively). No improvement was observed in referral times (mean = 3.55 versus 4.8 weeks). Ninety-one per cent of responders had heard of @entity5 prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 performance has improved over the past 18 years. The data lends support to the effectiveness of national health education initiatives aimed at increasing public awareness and self-examination. GPs performed well in this study, assessing and referring @entity1 appropriately and urgently into secondary care.

title: Delay in the diagnosis of XXXX - changes over the past 18 years.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular tumours']


abstract: We utilized a @entity4563 -activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) using @entity95 brain phospholipid, in which the capacity of a fourfold increased "high" phospholipid concentration (PC) to normalize the abnormal "standard" PC-APTT in @entity1 with @entity4555 is assessed. This system was also used to measure factors VIIIC, IX, and XI. The tissue @entity559 inhibition test (TTI), a prothrombin time system in which the activity of a @entity4555 is unmasked by the use of dilute thromboplastin, was simultaneously evaluated. Test sensitivity was defined by results on 31 consecutive @entity1 with standard PC-APTT inhibitors and no @entity548 tendency. Specificity was based on 94 @entity1 with various other @entity1003 , including coagulation factor inhibitors, severe @entity4059 , @entity7752 , and @entity1229 and heparin treatment. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity1252 and standard PC-APTT results within normal limits were also tested. Sensitivity of the APTT system was superior to that of the TTI (97% v 58%); high PC normalized clotting time ratios and factor levels. Positive results were common with both assays in the group of 20 heparinized @entity1 . The APTT system had superior specificity in remaining cases; there were no positive tests among 74 @entity1 . The @entity1252 group had a significant decrease in the clotting time ratio with high PC, indicating that low-level @entity4555 are quite prevalent in this group. The kaolin clotting time using @entity95 brain phospholipid in standard and high concentrations is a simple, sensitive, and specific technique for diagnosis of @entity4555 .

title: Lupus anticoagulants: improved diagnosis with a kaolin clotting time using XXXX brain phospholipid in standard and high concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['congenital factor deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathies']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity559 :: ('MESH:D013925', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboplastin']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulants', 'lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a 30-year experience with surgically treated culture-positive @entity3457 . DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed the microbiologic, clinical, and operative findings and the survival data in 151 @entity1 with culture-positive @entity3457 encountered between 1961 and 1991. RESULTS: The mean age of the 110 male and 41 female @entity1 was 49.8 years. Native @entity340 was present in 86 @entity1 , and @entity340 ( @entity340 ) was diagnosed in 65. The aortic valve was involved in 62% of @entity1 , the mitral valve in 25%, and both valves in 10%. The operative mortality was 26%. The most important univariate determinants of mortality were an abscess at operation (P = 0.01) and @entity177 (P = 0.03). A trend toward a higher mortality with @entity340 and @entity1793 was noted. For hospital survivors, the 5- and 10-year survival was 71% and 60%, respectively. Univariate determinants of an adverse long-term survival were annular abscess (P = 0.01), @entity8 (P = 0.01), @entity712 (P = 0.02), and aortic valve involvement (P = 0.05). On multivariate analysis, the most important adverse determinants of long-term survival were @entity712 (P = 0.02), @entity8 (P = 0.02), and @entity340 (P = 0.03). Thirty @entity1 required a subsequent reoperation; of these, seven required a second and two a third operation. The most common reason for reoperation was periprosthetic regurgitation without @entity281 (N = 19). Four operations were performed for recurrent @entity884 . At 5 and 10 years, the risk of reoperation was 23% and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although surgical treatment of culture-positive @entity3457 is still associated with substantial mortality, the long-term outcome of hospital survivors is excellent. Subsequent reoperations for periprosthetic leak are common, but recurrent @entity281 is uncommon.

title: Early and late survival after surgical treatment of culture-positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'PVE', 'valve endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity3457 :: (OMIM:612348,Disease) :: ['active endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze VDPV found from @entity912 cases and effectiveness for emergency response in Binzhou, Shandong in 2007. METHODS: Outbreak investigation, rapid evaluation for oral @entity3328 attenuate live vaccine (OPV) coverage rate, active searched for @entity912 (AFP)cases, supervision for VDPV case, virology and serology surveillance, mopping-up of OPV were used for this emergency response to prevent the possible VDPV spread. RESULTS: The case was reported from the AFP surveillance system. The @entity9925 type I was isolated from stool specimen, which was identified as VDPV by gene sequencing. This AFP case was diagnosed as @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) with 11 doses of OPV and normal self-immunity function test. The investigation results showed that the OPV coverage rates and the neutralization antibody to @entity9925 type 1-3 were at high level among the local @entity1 , no similar VDPV was isolated from stools of healthy @entity1 around the case. The quality of AFP surveillance system was good, and had not found additional similar case in Bizhou city. Additional VDPV was not found in continuous stool specimen from this case. The case was diagnosed as VDPV infected vector but not VDPV case by the national and provincial expert group. CONCLUSION: This VDPV was found in the area with high coverage rate OPV, There was no evidence for the VDPV circulation. The emergency response for the VDPV was rapid and effective. The VDPV surveillance and research related should be strengthened.

title: [Analysis on vaccine-derived @entity9925 found from XXXX cases and effectiveness for emergency response in Binzhou in 2007].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Guillain-barre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['acute flaccid paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['acute flaccid paralysis']


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, randomized trial assessed the effectiveness of high-dose @entity927 given in the preoperative period on @entity190 in @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. One hundred fifty @entity1 scheduled to undergo cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized into three groups of equal size. The first group received 10 gm of @entity927 intravenously over 20 minutes before sternotomy and a placebo infusion over 5 hours. The second group received 10 gm of @entity927 over 20 minutes and then another 10 gm infused intravenously over 5 hours. The control group received a placebo bolus and a placebo infusion over 5 hours (0.9% normal saline solution). The @entity190 after the operation was measured at 6 hours and 24 hours. The homologous blood and blood products given during and up to 48 hours after operation were recorded. Eighteen percent of the control group @entity1 shed more than 750 ml blood in 6 hours compared with only 2% in both @entity927 groups. @entity1 who shed more than 750 ml blood required 93% more red blood cell transfusions than @entity1 without excessive @entity548 . @entity927 (10 gm) given intravenously in the period before cardiopulmonary bypass reduced @entity190 over 6 hours by 50% and over 24 hours by 35%. Continued @entity927 infusion (10 gm over 5 hours) did not reduce @entity548 further. There was no difference in the coagulation profile before operation between @entity1 with and without excessive @entity548 . However, coagulation tests done in the postoperative period indicated ongoing fibrinolysis and @entity1423 in @entity1 with excessive @entity548 .

title: Prevention of XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass with high-dose @entity927 . Double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The epididymal junctional complex between adjacent principal cells is composed of apically located gap, adherens and tight junctions. Tight junctions between adjacent epithelial cells lead to the formation of the blood-epididymal barrier. The objectives of this study were to examine the structure of the epididymal junctional complex in the different regions of the epididymis and to review the regulation of @entity17937 in the @entity35 epididymis. Changes in the structure of the junctional complex, at the level of the electron microscope, were evident when comparing the initial segment to other regions of the epididymis. In the initial segment, the tight junction spanned a considerable length of the apical plasma membrane but had few desmosomes. In the other regions of the epididymis, the span of merging plasma membranes was considerably reduced, but in these regions, numerous desmosomes were present in the apical region. Several examples of what appeared to be a loss of portions of the plasma membrane of adjacent principal cells were evident along the entire epididymis. Such images as the invagination of a portion of the lateral plasma membrane of one principal cell into another, constriction of the invaginated area and eventual detachment leading to the formation of annular junctions suggest that there is a turnover of plasma membranes. The formation of cellular junctions involves the interactions of cell adhesion proteins followed by the addition of junctional proteins which assemble into tight and gap junctions. @entity17937 ( @entity17937 ), a @entity460 -dependent cell adhesion protein, was localized to the principal cells of the epididymis. Immunocytochemistry at the level of the electron microscope showed that @entity17937 was present between the lateral plasma membranes of adjacent principal cells, both in the region of the junctional complex and in the deeper lying areas. @entity17937 was also present in annular junctions located in close proximity to the junctional complex, indicating that these structures were related to the plasma membrane. @entity17937 mRNA levels are regulated during postnatal epididymal development. In the caput-corpus epididymidis, @entity17937 mRNA concentrations increase to peak at 42 days of age. This is well correlated with the conversion of @entity251 to @entity586 in the epididymis. In the @entity1971 , however, @entity17937 mRNA concentrations do not increase as a function of age, indicating that this protein is regulated in a segment-specific manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Structure and turnover of junctional complexes between principal cells of the XXXX epididymis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity17937 :: ('83502(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['E-Cad', 'Epithelial cadherin', 'epithelial cadherin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda epididymidis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was to evaluate clinical recovery of @entity1 with @entity5818 , after administering them plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) by means of the Constant, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and Dissabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study involving two groups - group A, treated with PRGF (52 @entity1 ); and group B, without PRGF treatment (79 @entity1 ). We analyzed the clinical situation preoperatively (time 1), at 1 month (time 2) and after rehabilitation (time 3). RESULTS: We considered 131 @entity1 (71.2% were @entity1 , with median age of 53.7 years). Different approaches were used - traditional (62.5%), mini-open (22.5%) and arthroscopic (15%), without significant differences (P= .71). We observed improvement in the Constant test results at time 2 (59.8 +/- 11.5 points in group A vs. 13.2 +/- 7.1 points in group B; P < .05) and at time 3 (79.3 +/- 11.6 points in group A vs. 59.7 +/- 20.1 points in group B; P (1/4) .05). We found improvement in the UCLA test results at time 2 (23.2 +/- 5.8 points in group A vs. 4.72 +/- 1.1 points in group B; P < .05) and at time 3 (32.1 +/- 5.3 points in group A vs. 22.1 +/- 7.35 points in group B; P < .05). We also observed improvement in the DASH test results at time 2 (45.2 +/- 17.2 points in group A vs. 118.3 +/- 7.6 points in group B, P < .05) and at time 3 (37.3 +/- 12.6 points in group A vs. 69 +/- 25.7 points in group B). Time of rehabilitation reduced significantly: 2.53 months in group A vs. 4.96 months in group B (P < .05). No significant differences were observed in surgical times: 88 minutes (group A) vs. 97 minutes (group B). CONCLUSION: In our experience, PRGF should be indicated in @entity5818 and cuff involvement, as shown by the improvement in our results in terms of better results of tests, reduction in rehabilitation time and no increase in operation time.

title: XXXX with application of plasma rich in growth factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['subacromial syndrome']

answer: @entity5818 :: (MESH:D019534,Disease) :: ['Surgery of subacromial syndrome']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity12123 , a @entity2493 receptor agonist, for the treatment of @entity22 in older adults starting auto-titrating positive airway pressure ( @entity1443 ) therapy for @entity387 . METHODS: A parallel group, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot effectiveness clinical trial. The study enrolled 21 research study @entity1 who were >=  60 years old and @entity27 , defined by an @entity27 index (AHI) >=  5 events/h, with complaints of @entity22 . The primary outcome measure was change in sleep onset latency determined from polysomnography at 4 weeks. Research study @entity1 , all of whom were starting on @entity1443 , were randomized to ramelteon 8 mg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 13). RESULTS: Ramelteon treatment was associated with a statistically significant difference in sleep onset latency (SOL) as measured by polysomnography of 28.5 min (   16.2 min) compared to placebo (95% C.I. 8.5 min to 48.6 min, effect size 1.35, p = 0.008). This was due to a 10.7 (   17.0) min SOL reduction in the ramelteon arm and a 17.8 (   23.5) min SOL increase in the placebo arm. No change was noted in subjective sleep onset latency (-1.3 min,    19.3 min, 95% C.I.: -21.4 min to 18.7 min). No statistically significant changes were noted in the AHI, sleep efficiency (polysomnography and self-report), @entity1443 adherence, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index global score, or Epworth Sleepiness Scale score when comparing ramelteon vs. placebo. Four adverse events occurred in the ramelteon arm and 2 in the placebo arm; none were considered to be related to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12123 was effective in improving objective, but not subjective, sleep onset latency even in older adults who were starting @entity1443 therapy for @entity387 . Further research is warranted in examining the role of ramelteon in the care of older adults with @entity25 .

title: Effectiveness of ramelteon for XXXX symptoms in older adults with @entity27 : a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'had obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity12123 :: ('MESH:C495910', 'Chemical') :: ['ramelteon', 'Ramelteon']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia symptoms and sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The gold standard for endoscopic surveillance of @entity355 ( @entity355 ) includes targeted biopsies (TBs) from abnormalities as well as stepwise four-quadrant biopsies (4QBs) for detection of invisible high-grade @entity3146 (ECs). In a large mixed @entity355 population, we investigated the rate of HGINs/ECs that are macroscopically occult to enhanced visualization with high-resolution endoscopy plus @entity1543 chromoendoscopy. METHODS: From January 2007 to December 2009, 701 consecutive @entity355 @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective study at a tertiary referral center. Of these, 406 @entity1 had a history of HGIN/EC (high-risk group) and 295 @entity1 did not (low-risk group). RESULTS: In 701 @entity1 , 459 TBs and 5,485 4QBs were obtained. Altogether, 92 @entity1 with 132 lesions containing HGINs/ECs were detected. For the diagnosis of HGINs/ECs, @entity1 -related sensitivity and specificity rates of endoscopic imaging with TBs were 96.7 and 66.5%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 30.4 and 99.3%, respectively. In the high-risk group, 4QBs identified three additional @entity1 (3.3%) with macroscopically occult HGINs/ECs. In the low-risk group, no HGINs/ECs were identified with either biopsy approach. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced endoscopic imaging identifies the vast majority of @entity355 @entity1 with @entity5 , and the additive effect of 4QB is minimal. Therefore, in low- and high-risk @entity1 , limiting endoscopic surveillance to guided biopsies is justified in specialized high-volume centers with permanent quality control. However, we do not advocate abandoning 4QB outside this setting.

title: Incidence of @entity5 in XXXX : are random biopsies dispensable in the era of advanced endoscopic imaging?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early neoplasias']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasias (HGINs) or early carcinomas']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) surgery, many @entity1 experience @entity1241 caused by increased number of high-amplitude-propagating contractions (HAPCs) through the neorectum to the anal verge. The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity1 with @entity1963 have more HAPCs than @entity1 with colon transections for reasons other than @entity1963 . METHODS: We reviewed 500 colon manometries. @entity1 (age 7.6  5.1 years, 275 @entity1 ) with functional @entity1142 (n=237, age 7.4  5.0 years, 126 @entity1 ) and chronic @entity490 (n=48, age 9.8  5.8 years, 25 @entity1 ) served as controls compared with subjects with @entity1963 (n=56, age 6.9  4.1 years, 44 @entity1 ) and colon transection for other reasons (n=24, age 6.1  5.8 years, 12 @entity1 ). We excluded 139 subjects without HAPCs. We documented HAPCs during 1-hour fasting and 1-hour postprandial. Results are in mean  SD. RESULTS: During fasting, @entity1963 subjects had more HAPCs (2.2  3.4/hour) versus functional @entity1142 (0.8  2.2/hour, P=0.0004) and @entity1118 (0.5  1.1/hour, P=0.001), but not more than colon transection (1.9  3.2/hour, P=1.0). @entity1963 showed more postprandial HAPCs (4.0  5.4/hour) than functional @entity1142 (1.5  2.5/hour, P<0.0001) and @entity1118 (0.9  1.6/hour, P<0.0001), but not more than colon transection (2.4  3.0/hour, P=0.6). There were more HAPCs fasting and postprandial after colon transection (1.9  3.2/hour and 2.4  3.0/hour) than functional @entity1142 (0.8  2.2/hour, P=0.3 and 1.5  2.5/hour, P=1.0) and @entity1118 (0.5  1.1/hour, P=1.0 and 0.9  1.6, P=1.0). @entity1963 subjects were divided by chief complaint: @entity1241 or @entity1142 . @entity1963 subjects with @entity322 (n=23) only had more HAPCs fasting (P=0.01) and postprandial (P=0.01) than @entity1963 subjects with @entity1142 (n=28) only. CONCLUSIONS: Increased HAPCs followed colon transection, regardless of a cause. @entity1963 subjects with @entity322 had more HAPCs than subjects with colon transection for other reasons.

title: Effect of colon transection on spontaneous and meal-induced high-amplitude-propagating contractions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECT: The availability of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data obtained in @entity772 @entity1 after @entity542 is scarce, because MR imaging is somewhat cumbersome to perform in @entity1 requiring ventilation and because, in the first hours after injury, its relevance is clearly inferior to computerized tomography (CT) scanning. The authors assessed the value of MR imaging in the early postinjury period. METHODS: In this prospective study MR imaging was performed in 61 consecutive @entity1 within 7 days after they suffered a severe @entity542 . An initial CT scan had already been obtained. To understand the clinical significance of the lesions whose morphological appearance was identified with MR imaging, brainstem function was assessed by registration of somatosensory and auditory evoked potentials. @entity75 were visualized in 39 @entity1 (64%). Bilateral pontine lesions proved to be 100% fatal and @entity75 carried a mortality rate of 9%. In singular cases circumstances allowed for a clear clinical distinction between primary and secondary @entity75 . On MR imaging all lesions were @entity2915 after intervals longer than 2 days. Within shorter intervals (< 2 days) after the injury, primary lesions appeared isointense on MR imaging. In one secondary brainstem lesion there were no traces of blood. CONCLUSIONS: Because mean intracranial pressure (ICP) levels in @entity1 without @entity75 were similar to those in @entity1 with @entity75 , the authors conclude that it was not mainly increased ICP that accounted for the high mortality rates in @entity1 with @entity75 . The authors also conclude that @entity75 are more frequently found in severe @entity542 than previously reported in studies based on neuropathological or CT scanning data. Early MR imaging after @entity542 has a higher predictive value than CT scanning.

title: Early magnetic resonance imaging of XXXX after severe @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem lesions', 'Brainstem lesions', 'nonbrainstem lesions']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyper- and hypointense']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['brainstem lesions']