abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of silastic sling for genuine stress @entity322 . DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive analysis. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre for urogynaecology. SUBJECTS: Eighty-eight @entity1 with urodynamically proven genuine stress @entity322 , 10 had coexistent @entity1344 . In 74 @entity1 , the sling operation was for recurrent @entity322 . INTERVENTION: A low Pfannenstiel incision was used and a suburethral tunnel dissected to insert the sling, which was attached under minimal tension with non-absorbable sutures to each ileopectineal ligament. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and urodynamic data were assessed between two and three months post-surgery; thereafter clinical assessment and pad testing were performed at yearly intervals for five years. RESULTS: The subjective cure at three months was 81% and the objective cure was 69%. There was a fall in success rate with increasing number of continence operations, and this was statistically significant for @entity1 with three or more previous continence operations (P < 0.05). Neither age, parity nor menopausal status made a statistical difference to the cure rate. Twenty-three @entity1 had reached their fifth year follow up and the success rate using life table analysis was 71%. Post-operatively, 29 @entity1 had @entity1344 : 22 @entity1 developed @entity1344 de novo and seven had @entity1344 presurgery. Urodynamic findings postsurgery showed an increase (P < 0.001) in outflow resistance. Four @entity1 required removal of sling for voiding difficulties. Ten @entity1 developed sling erosions: five vaginal, four @entity1494 and one @entity6369 . After removal of the sling, seven @entity1 still remained continent. CONCLUSIONS: A silastic sling operation for the treatment of genuine stress @entity322 provides a good long term cure, considering that 45% of @entity1 had two or more previous failed continence operations. The high prevalence of @entity1344 and voiding difficulties postsurgery should be noted.

title: A follow up of silastic sling for genuine stress XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethral erosion']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder erosions']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: Because surgery in @entity28 @entity1 is associated with a high risk of @entity281 , gastric bypass procedures offer an excellent opportunity to test the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics. Accordingly, a double-blind prospective trial of prophylactic @entity7048 was carried out in 53 consecutive @entity1 who underwent gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity28 . The @entity1 were randomized to two treatment arms: (1) @entity7048 intravenously, 1 gm 2 hours prior to surgery, at induction of anesthesia, and then 0.5 gm every 6 hours for 48 hours, or (2) an indistinguishable placebo of 5% dextrose at identical intervals. Serial cultures were taken at operation and in the postoperative period. Antibiotic levels of fat were measured by tissue extraction and @entity3881 assay. After surgery, @entity1 were monitored for @entity281 by clinicians unaware of their random assignment group. The study was terminated and the code broken when it was evident that wound @entity281 were increased to a statistically significant difference in one arm of the study. The brief perioperative administration of @entity7048 reduced the incidence of wound @entity281 from 21% to 4% (P less than 0.05) and the incidence of urinary tract and @entity358 from 17% to 0% (P less than 0.05). Tissue levels of antibiotics confirmed adequate dosages in the test subjects. The advantages of prophylactic administration of @entity7048 for gastric bypass procedures are clearly demonstrated in this study. This confirms other reports which have shown prophylactic antibiotics to be useful in a variety of procedures. These studies suggest the need to reconsider the traditional opposition to prophylactic antibiotics and to determine whether perioperative antibiotics should be used routinely in all major operations.

title: Prophylactic XXXX in gastric bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

answer: @entity7048 :: (MESH:D002437,Chemical) :: ['cefazolin']


abstract: Protein @entity669 phosphatases (PTPs) are signaling enzymes that control a diverse array of cellular processes. Further insight into the specific functional roles of PTPs in cellular signaling requires detailed understanding of the molecular basis for substrate recognition by the PTPs. A central question is how PTPs discriminate between multiple structurally diverse substrates that they encounter in the cell. Although X-ray crystallography is capable of revealing the intimate structural details for molecular interaction, structures of higher order PTP.substrate complexes are often difficult to obtain. @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange mass spectrometry (H/DX-MS) is a powerful tool for mapping protein-protein interfaces, as well as identifying conformational and dynamic perturbations in proteins. In addition, H/DX-MS enables analysis of large protein complexes at physiological concentrations and provides insight into the solution behavior of these complexes that can not be gleaned from crystal structures. We have utilized H/DX-MS to probe PTP dynamics, ligand binding, and the structural basis of substrate recognition. In this article, we review general principles of H/DX-MS technology as applied to study protein-protein interactions and dynamics. We also provide protocols for H/DX-MS successfully used in our laboratory to define the molecular basis of @entity3963 substrate recognition by @entity34113 . Many of the aspects that we cover in detail should be applicable to the study of other PTPs with their specific targets.

title: Application of @entity3884 / XXXX exchange mass spectrometry to study protein @entity669 phosphatase dynamics, ligand binding, and substrate specificity.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity6189 :: (MESH:D003903,Chemical) :: ['deuterium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the frequency of auras in @entity6191 ( @entity6191 ) using a detailed semistructured diagnostic interview. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity1 with @entity6191 were drawn from the @entity302 Phenome/Genome Project (EPGP). Responses to the standardized diagnostic interview regarding tonic-clonic (grand mal) @entity410 were then examined. This questionnaire initially required @entity1 to provide their own description of any subjective phenomena before their "grand @entity410 ." @entity1 who provided answers to these questions were considered to have an aura. All @entity1 were then systematically queried regarding a list of specific symptoms occurring before grand @entity410 , using structured (closed-ended) questions. RESULTS: Seven hundred ninety-eight @entity1 with @entity6191 were identified, of whom 530 reported grand @entity410 . Of these, 112 (21.3%) reported auras in response to the open-ended question. Analysis of responses to the closed-ended questions suggested that 341 @entity1 (64.3%) experienced at least one form of aura. CONCLUSIONS: Auras typically associated with @entity1625 were reported by a substantial proportion of EPGP subjects with @entity6191 . This finding may support existing theories of cortical and subcortical generators of @entity6191 with variable spread patterns. Differences between responses to the open-ended question and closed-ended questions may also reflect clinically relevant variation in @entity1 responses to history-taking and surveys. Open-ended questions may underestimate the prevalence of specific types of auras and may be in part responsible for the underrecognition of auras in @entity6191 . In addition, structured questions may influence @entity1 , possibly leading to a greater representation of symptoms.

title: Auras in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'mal seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['GE', 'generalized epilepsy']

answer: @entity6191 :: (MESH:D004829,Disease) :: ['generalized epilepsy']


abstract: Between January 1982 and December 1987, of 283 @entity1 with @entity521 treated in the Pediatric Department of Institut Gustave Roussy, 34 were stage IV-S. Two groups were distinguished according to the initial clinical presentation: 16/34 @entity1 had life-threatening symptoms and needed immediate treatment, and 18/34 had no life-threatening symptoms. Hepatic irradiation was used in 12/16 @entity1 of the first group with @entity649 . Chemotherapy was used in three @entity1 . Of these 16 @entity1 , three @entity1 died of @entity74 (one @entity1 died of a reason not related to the @entity5 ). Twelve are alive in first complete remission and one in second complete remission. Of the 18 @entity1 of the second group, eight had spontaneous complete remission, and one of them relapsed thereafter and died despite treatment. Ten @entity1 needed treatment, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy depending on the site of disease progression. Two of them died of the disease. The overall disease-free survival for these 34 @entity1 is 75% at 90 months postdiagnosis. Using this therapeutic strategy, it was possible to avoid any treatment of @entity3 in 25% of the @entity1 .

title: Treatment of XXXX : a study of 34 cases treated between 1982 and 1987.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage IV-S neuroblastoma']


abstract: Normal tissue @entity137 resulting from both disease and treatment is an adverse side effect in the management of @entity1 with central nervous system @entity5 . We tested the hypothesis that despite these improvements, certain @entity5 place @entity1 at risk for neurocognitive, neuroendocrine, and neurosensory late effects. Defining @entity1 groups at risk for these effects could allow for development of preventive strategies. Fifty @entity1 with primary @entity1313 underwent radiation planning with magnetic resonance imaging scan and computed tomography datasets. Organs at risk (OAR) responsible for neurocognitive, neuroendocrine, and neurosensory function were defined. Inverse-planned intensity-modulated radiation therapy was optimized with priority given to target coverage while penalties were assigned to exceeding normal tissue tolerances. @entity5 laterality, location, and histology were compared with OAR doses, and analysis of variance was performed to determine the significance of any observed correlation. The ipsilateral hippocampus exceeded dose limits in frontal (74%), temporal (94%), and parietal (100%) lobe @entity5 locations. The contralateral hippocampus was at risk in the following @entity5 locations: frontal (53%), temporal (83%), or parietal (50%) lobe. @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 were at risk for ipsilateral (88%) and contralateral (73%) hippocampal damage (P <0.05 compared with other histologies). The pituitary gland and hypothalamus exceeded dose tolerances in @entity1 with @entity977 (both 100%) and high-grade @entity11 (50% and 75%, P <0.05 compared with other histologies), respectively. Despite application of modern radiation therapy, certain @entity5 locations and histologies continue to place @entity1 at risk for morbidity. @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 or @entity5 located in the frontal, temporal, or parietal lobes are at risk for @entity149 , likely because of larger target volumes and higher radiation doses. Data from this study may help to stratify @entity1 at risk for late effects to develop strategies to reduce frequency and severity of radiation sequelae.

title: @entity5 histology and location predict deep nuclei XXXX : Implications for late effects from focal brain irradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 of the alimentary tract may present with severe @entity548 . Localization and treatment of obscure @entity360 is challenging in cases of negative bi-directional endoscopy. CASE PRESENTATION: A previously healthy 64-year-old Caucasian female presented with clinical signs of active @entity360 . Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was normal, and colonoscopy revealed passage of blood from the small bowel. Computerized tomography angiography demonstrated a @entity75 with active extravasation located in the jejunum. Angiography of the superior mesenteric artery revealed a focal hypervascular mass in the jejunum, and super selective distal coil embolization of the feeding vessel was performed. When the @entity1 was taken for laparoscopic exploration, a 2.5  cm @entity5 arising from the anti-mesenteric border of the proximal jejunum was identified and resected with primary @entity254 . Pathological results demonstrated a @entity674 with a low proliferation index of 1%. Small erosions in the adjacent mucosa confirmed the locus of @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Computerized tomography is a useful tool for initial diagnosis of @entity5 in @entity1 with obscure but clinically overt @entity360 . Selective angiography, following positive computerized tomography findings, is an important modality to allow both localization and hemostasis in actively @entity548 @entity5 , but the procedure carries the risk of bowel @entity39 . Complete surgical resection remains the mainstay for treatment of @entity674 .

title: Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to obscure XXXX in a @entity1 with a @entity674 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'submucosal alimentary tumors', 'small bowel tumors']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: @entity4349 antibiotics, including @entity632 (ADM), are widely used to treat various @entity1 @entity5 , but their clinical use has been limited because of their @entity1370 . ADM is especially toxic to heart tissue. The mechanisms responsible for the @entity1370 effect of ADM have been very/extremely controversial. This review focuses on the participation of free radicals generated by ADM in the @entity1370 effect. ADM is reduced to a @entity13478 radical species by microsomal @entity1110 -P450 reductase and mitochondrial @entity2125 dehydrogenase. In the presence of @entity26 , the reductive @entity13478 radical species produces @entity224 and @entity3787 radicals. Generally, lipid peroxidation proceeds by mediating the redox of @entity68 . ADM extracts @entity68 from ferritin to form ADM- @entity596 , which causes lipid peroxidation of membranes. These events may lead to disturbance of the membrane structure and dysfunction of mitochondria. However, @entity224 dismutase and @entity3787 radical scavengers have little effect on lipid peroxidation induced by ADM- @entity596 . Alternatively, ADM is oxidatively activated by peroxidases to convert to an oxidative @entity13478 radical, which participates in inactivation of mitochondrial enzymes or including @entity4588 dehydrogenase and @entity908 kinase. Here, we discuss the activation of ADM and the role of reductive and oxidative ADM @entity13478 radicals in the @entity1370 effect of this antibiotic.

title: [Free radicals mediate XXXX induced by @entity632 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: CNS glycogen, contained predominantly in astrocytes, can be converted to a @entity3338 and transported to axons as an energy source during aglycaemia. We analysed glycogen regulation and the role of glycogen in supporting neural activity in adult @entity19 optic nerve, a favourable white matter preparation. Axon function was quantified by measuring the @entity8119 ( @entity8119 ) area. During aglycaemia, axon function persisted for 20 min, then declined in conjunction with glycogen content. @entity880 fully supported CAPs in the absence of @entity413 , but was unable to sustain glycogen content; thus, axon failure occurred rapidly when @entity880 was withdrawn. @entity20135 content in the steady state was directly proportional to bath @entity413 concentration. Increasing [K+]o to 10 mM caused a rapid decrease in glycogen content. Latency to onset of @entity177 during aglycaemia was directly proportional to glycogen content and varied from about 2 to 30 min. Intense neural activity reduced glycogen content in the presence of 10 mM bath @entity413 and @entity8119 area gradually declined. @entity8119 area declined more rapidly during high frequency stimulation if @entity3338 transport was inhibited. This suggested that astrocytic glycogen was broken down to a @entity3338 (s) that was used by rapidly discharging axons. Likewise, depleting glycogen by brief periods of high frequency axon stimulation accelerated onset of @entity8119 decline during aglycaemia. In summary, these experiments indicated that glycogen content was under dynamic control and that glycogen was used to support the energy needs of CNS axons during both physiological as well as pathological processes.

title: Glycogen regulation and functional role in XXXX white matter.

entities_list: @entity8119 :: ('MESH:C537188', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'compound action potential']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['CAP failure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent natural history studies have suggested that unruptured @entity438 smaller than 1 cm have a low risk of @entity397 . Symptomatic @entity439 may be underrepresented in natural history studies because they are preferentially treated. The authors compared the number of @entity1 with symptoms caused by unruptured @entity438 smaller than 1 cm treated surgically at their institution with similar @entity1 enrolled in the International Study of @entity438 (ISUIA) from their institution over the same time period. METHODS: The records of all @entity439 treated surgically at the Mayo Clinic from 1980 through 1991 were reviewed. There were 97 @entity1 with 117 @entity439 smaller than 1 cm by angiography. @entity439 with a history of @entity397 or larger than 1 cm on cross-sectional imaging were excluded from analysis. The presence and characteristics of symptoms directly attributable to the @entity439 were recorded. Comparison was made with @entity1 from the Mayo Clinic enrolled in the ISUIA retrospective natural history cohort over the same time period. RESULTS: Of the 97 @entity1 studied, 15 presented with symptoms other than @entity397 (15.5%). The symptoms were @entity51 (seven @entity1 ), @entity2806 owing to emboli originating from within the @entity439 (five @entity1 ), and visual acuity loss (three @entity1 ). Eleven other @entity439 had possibly but not definitively caused symptoms; these were considered asymptomatic. No @entity1 from the Mayo Clinic enrolled in the retrospective cohort of the ISUIA had a symptomatic @entity439 smaller than 1 cm on both angiography and cross-sectional imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Unruptured @entity438 smaller than 1 cm occasionally present with neurologic symptoms. These symptoms are typically owing to mass effect on the second and third cranial nerves or @entity2806 as a result of emboli originating from within the @entity439 . @entity1 with symptomatic @entity439 less than 1 cm at the Mayo Clinic were preferentially treated. Although existing natural history data may be applied to most @entity439 , small symptomatic @entity439 may be underrepresented in natural history studies.

title: @entity438 presenting with symptoms other than XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['third nerve deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: AIMS: @entity298 is a rapidly progressing @entity5 with a median survival of 6-12 months. Palliative surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are futile and have not shown to improve survival. This paper reports the outcomes of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the treatment of this disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: An observational study of 20 @entity1 with @entity298 treated with @entity1104 and HIPEC at the St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparison using the Log Rank test. RESULTS: There were six females. The mean age was 55.7 (9.0) years. The median survival was 29.5 (0.46-87.2) months with 1- and 3-year survival of 78.2% and 46.3%, respectively. Survival was found to be influenced by completeness of cytoreduction (P = 0.02) and histological subtype (P = 0.01). @entity1 with epitheloid @entity298 who had a CC0 had a median survival of 87.2 months. CONCLUSION: @entity1104 and HIPEC is a treatment option for @entity298 . @entity1 with epithelioid @entity5 who undergo complete cytoreduction may potentially benefit from this procedure.

title: Outcomes of XXXX and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for @entity298 : the Australian experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal mesothelioma', 'Peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['cytoreductive surgery']


abstract: Activated microglia and hematogenous macrophages are known to be involved in @entity1188 development after @entity2806 . Traditionally, hematogenic macrophages are thought to be the primary cells to remove the @entity63 cell debris. However, phagocytosis is a well known property also of activated microglia. Due to a lack of discriminating cellular markers, the cellular origin of phagocytes and the temporal course of phagocytosis by these two cell types are largely unknown. In this study, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic bone marrow chimeric @entity19 and semithin serial sections after @entity3677 embedding of the brains to dissect in detail the proportion of identified activated resident microglial cells and infiltrating hematogenous macrophages in phagocytosing neuronal cell debris after 30 min of transient focal @entity2806 . Already at day one after reperfusion, we found a rapid decrease of neurons in the @entity63 tissue reaching minimum numbers at day seven. Resident GFP-negative microglial cells rapidly became activated at day one and started to phagocytose neuronal material. By contrast, hematogenous macrophages incorporating neuronal cell debris were observed in the @entity63 area not earlier than on day four. Quantitative analysis showed maximum numbers of phagocytes of local origin within 2 days and of blood-borne macrophages on day four. The majority of phagocytes in the @entity1188 area were derived from local microglia, preceding and predominating over phagocytes of hematogenous origin. This recruitment reveals a remarkable predominance of local defense mechanisms for tissue clearance over immune cells arriving from the blood after @entity2806 .

title: Predominant phagocytic activity of resident microglia over hematogenous macrophages following transient focal XXXX : an investigation using green fluorescent protein transgenic bone marrow chimeric @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl methacrylate']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the complex inter-relationship between subjective reports of @entity73 and neuropsychological performances in compensation-seeking individuals with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) of differing severities. Specifically, this study examined: (a) the @entity1 ' neuropsychological test scores and self-reported ratings according to @entity131 severity; (b) whether there was a predictive relationship between self-report and cognitive test scores; and (c) the influence of emotional functioning on self-reported cognitive functioning. RESEARCH DESIGN: A multi-group comparative research design was employed. METHODS AND PROCEDURE: An outpatient sample of 61 @entity1 with TBIs using neuropsychological testing, RNBI (Ruff Neurobehavioral Inventory) and clinical interviews. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The mild @entity131 group exhibited greater attentional impairments, while the moderate-to-severe group exhibited greater memory and @entity4207 on neuropsychological tests. The mild group reported more cognitive symptoms than their more severely damaged counterparts. The mild @entity131 @entity1 reported significantly more symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with moderate-to-severe @entity131 were more accurate when reporting their memory and learning difficulties, whereas individuals with mild @entity131 were more accurate when reporting attentional difficulties. It is likely that the occurrence of @entity1005 worsens the outcome of a mild @entity131 . There likely is a cumulative effect between the @entity1005 symptoms and the emotional residuals in the mild @entity131 population.

title: XXXX with neuropsychological tests in individuals with mild vs more severe traumatic brain injuries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning impairments']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Comparison of subjective cognitive complaints']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity3243 ( @entity2742 ), @entity2418 are a cause for recurrence. As a result of differences in pathophysiology, variable practice patterns exist regarding performing bilateral cervical thymectomy (BCT) in @entity1373 versus @entity1373 from @entity177 or @entity74 . The objective of this study was to capture @entity1 where thymic tissue was found with subtotal parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) and intended BCT, identify number of thymic supernumerary glands (SNGs), and determine overall cure rate. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with four-gland exploration and intended BCT for @entity2742 from 2000 to 2013 was performed. Identification of thymic tissue and SNGs were determined by operative/pathology reports. Univariate analysis identified differences in cure rate for @entity1 undergoing subtotal @entity4045 with or without BCT. RESULTS: Thymic tissue was found in 52 % of 328 primary @entity2742 (19 % unilateral, 33 % bilateral), 77 % of 128 renal @entity2742 (28 % unilateral, 49 % bilateral), and 100 % of familial @entity2742 (24 % unilateral, 76 % bilateral) @entity1 . Nine percent of primary, 18 % of renal, and 10 % of familial @entity2742 @entity1 had SNGs within thymectomy specimens. Cure rates of primary @entity2742 @entity1 with BCT were 99 % compared to 94 % in subtotal @entity4045 alone. @entity8 cure rates were 94 % with BCT compared to 89 % without BCT. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 @entity1 benefited most in cure when thymectomy was performed. Although the rate of SNGs found in primary @entity2742 was lower than renal @entity2742 , the cure rate mimicked the pattern in @entity8 . Furthermore, the incidences of SNGs in primary and familial @entity2742 were similar. On the basis of these data, we advocate that BCT be considered in primary @entity2742 when thymic tissue is readily identified.

title: Value of Prophylactic Cervical Thymectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal HPT', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperplasia', 'hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['familial disease']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands within the cervical thymus']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['Parathyroid Hyperplasia']


abstract: @entity575 nanoparticles (Ag NPs) could be found in aquatic systems in the near future. Although the interplay between aggregate formation and disaggregation is an important factor for mobility, bioavailability and @entity137 of Ag NPs in surface waters, the factors controlling disaggregation of Ag NP homoaggregates are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the reversibility of homoaggregation of @entity1792 coated Ag NPs in a Rhine River water matrix. We characterized the disaggregation of Ag NP homoaggregates by ionic strength reduction and addition of @entity16695 ( @entity16695 ) in the presence of strong and weak shear forces. In order to understand the disaggregation processes, we also studied the nature of homoaggregates and their formation dynamics under the influence of @entity16695 , @entity141 concentration and nanoparticle concentration. Even in the presence of @entity16695 and at low particle concentrations (10 gL(-1)), aggregates formed rapidly in filtered Rhine water. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of @entity141 in reconstituted Rhine water was 1.5mmolL(-1) and was shifted towards higher values in the presence of @entity16695 . Analysis of the attachment efficiency as a function of @entity141 concentration showed that @entity16695 induces electrosteric stabilization at low @entity141 concentrations and cation-bridging flocculation at high @entity141 concentrations. Shear forces in the form of mechanical shaking or ultrasound were necessary for breaking the aggregates. Without ultrasound, @entity16695 also induced disaggregation, but it required several days to reach a stable size of dense aggregates still larger than the primary particles. Citrate stabilized Ag NPs may be in the form of reaction limited aggregates in aquatic systems similar to the Rhine River. The size and the structure of these aggregates will be dynamic and be determined by the solution conditions. Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of natural waters can result in a sedimentation-release cycle of engineered nanoparticles.

title: Disaggregation of XXXX nanoparticle homoaggregates in a river water matrix.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16695 :: ('MESH:D015827', 'Disease') :: ['SRHA', 'Suwannee River humic acid']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: PURPOSE: Augmentation enterocystoplasty is well tolerated by @entity1 with @entity1494 in whom conservative therapy has failed. However, few studies exist on long-term urodynamic evaluation of these @entity1 . We assessed the clinical and urodynamic outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1494 treated with augmentation enterocystoplasty with at least 4 years of followup. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 @entity1 with neurogenic voiding dysfunction underwent augmentation enterocystoplasty alone or in conjunction with various continence or antireflux techniques. Clinical outcomes regarding @entity322 , medications, catheterization schedule, subsequent interventions, bowel function and @entity1 satisfaction were addressed. Urodynamic evaluation was performed to assess the long-term durability of @entity1494 . RESULTS: Mean followup was 8.0 years (range 4 to 13). All but 1 @entity1 (96%) in our series had near or complete resolution of @entity322 . Mean total bladder capacity +/- SD increased from 201 +/- 106 to 615 +/- 204 ml. (p <0.001) and mean maximum detrusor pressure decreased from 81 +/- 43 to 20 +/- 12 cm. H O (p <0.01). Mean interval between catheterizations was 5 hours, with volumes ranging from 314 to 743 ml. Only 2 @entity1 (8%) needed a low dose of @entity11440 postoperatively to maintain continence consistently. Of the 26 @entity1 23 (88%) reported no significant change in bowel function and nearly all @entity1 expressed extreme satisfaction with urological management. A subsequent urological procedure was required in 12 @entity1 (46%) at a mean of 4.4 years after initial surgery.(2) CONCLUSIONS: Bladder augmentation provides durable clinical and urodynamic improvement for @entity1 with @entity1494 refractory to conservative therapy. Furthermore, there is a high level of @entity1 satisfaction with @entity1494 .

title: Long-term urodynamics followup of XXXX for @entity1494 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder', 'bladder augmentation', 'neurogenic bladder dysfunction']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder augmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous Commission on Cancer data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) have examined time trends in stage of disease, treatment patterns, and survival for selected @entity5 . In the current study data relating to @entity1 diagnosed with @entity189 in 1985, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1995, and 1996 are described. METHODS: The data reported in this review were collected from hospital @entity5 registries from across the U.S. Case information is submitted to the NCDB following guidelines established by the North American Association of Central Registries. Data items include @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, initial course of therapy, and follow-up status. Eight calls for data have yielded a total of 6.9 million cases for the years 1985-1996, including 2280 @entity189 cases in 1985-1986, 5677 cases in 1990-1991, and 7452 cases in 1995-1996. These data represent approximately 22.6%, 47.3%, and 51.4%, respectively, of the estimated cases of @entity189 diagnosed in the U.S. in each of these 3 respective time periods. Cases diagnosed and reported to the NCDB between 1985-1991 and that had been staged according to the 4th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) manual for the staging of @entity5 (1567) were used in the analysis of survival outcomes. RESULTS: Four principle findings are reported. First, young @entity1 (age < 25 years) are diagnosed with advanced stage @entity10711 more frequently than are older @entity1 (age >/= 30 years). Second, although surgery and concomitant radiation are the standard therapy for early stage @entity4797 , surgery alone increasingly is being used. In the treatment of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity4797 the use of surgery and radiation has declined slightly whereas surgery with concomitant chemotherapy appears to be employed with greater frequency. Third, surgery alone is the treatment of choice for @entity1 with early stage @entity10711 and has been employed with increasing frequency over the three time periods studied. The use of surgery and concomitant chemotherapy has remained relatively stable over time in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity5 . And fourth, survival rates decrease with increasing AJCC stage of disease. CONCLUSIONS: The NCDB data regarding @entity189 highlight a number of important trends in the presentation and management of @entity5 . These trends not only evaluate new protocols of treatment but also can be used to direct new strategies toward achieving earlier @entity1 presentation.

title: The National Cancer Data Base report on patterns of care for XXXX , 1985-1996.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced stage nonseminomas', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'testicular tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['testicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['testicular carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 417 Background: Metastases of adrenal gland occur in approximately 1.2 - 10% in @entity703 @entity1 . Synchronous adrenalectomy has become dispensable since studies have demonstrated no clinical benefit. The aim of this large bi-institutional study was to determine the appearance of @entity15735 - and metachronous @entity3 to the adrenal gland as detected by CT, PET-CT or MRI imaging with consecutively surgically removal of suspicious lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathological records of 2308 @entity1 (1200 pts. from Medical School Hanover until 2009 and 1108 pts. from University Hospital Plze   until 2010) who underwent radical/partial nephrectomy. Synchronous adrenalectomy was carried out in 222 of all cases (10.4%). Metachronous adrenalectomy was performed in 11 cases including 8 ipsilateral and 3 contralateral adrenalectomies due to suspicious imaging among follow-up. In cases of metachronous @entity3 pre-operative imaging, surgical and histopathological results were correlated. RESULTS: Metastatic spread in @entity1 with synchronous adrenalectomy was found in 17/222 cases (7.6%), as suspected. In metachronous procedures positive pathological results was found in 10 of 11 (91%) cases. In one case it was a benign pathological result. In all positive cases a @entity3 from the @entity1358 was pathologically confirmed. 27% of all cases were detected in the contralateral adrenal gland. CONCLUSIONS: Synchronous adrenalectomy is not routinely recommended with nephrectomy. In case of preoperative suspicious imaging an intraoperative frozen section should be performed. Radiological investigations are of high diagnostic value for detecting @entity5 growth within the adrenal gland. Surgery in this scenario should be recommended due to the here reported malignancy rate of 91%.

title: Incidence of XXXX - and metachronous adrenal @entity3 following @entity5 nephrectomy: A retrospective bicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous tumor']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['former clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity15735 :: (23336,Gene) :: ['syn']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, the mRNA levels of the Nrt2 @entity1507 transporter gene were used as a molecular indicator of @entity1568 status in two dominant diatom groups, Skeletonema and Chaetoceros, which inhabit the southern East China Sea (ECS). To accurately interpret the abundance of Nrt2 transcripts in situ, maximum and minimum expression levels were determined under conditions of @entity1568 deprivation and @entity3104 addition, respectively. In August 2010, Nrt2 transcript levels in Skeletonema at the inner shelf region exhibited a mean of 111 mmole (mole @entity17247 ) ; at the mid shelf region, the mean Nrt2 mRNA levels were 298 mmole (mole @entity17247 ) , which was very close to the maximum levels observed under @entity1568 starvation. By contrast, the Nrt2 transcript levels in Chaetoceros were low at all of the shelf locations, except at one station in the mid shelf region. The cross-shelf mean was 2.86 mmole (mole @entity17247 ) , which was similar to the expression levels observed in cultured Chaetoceros under conditions of sufficient @entity3104 . Similar expression patterns were observed in diatoms in the southern ECS in June 2011, but the Nrt2 transcript levels in Skeletonema at the inner shelf region were reduced to a mean of 28.6 mmole (mole @entity17247 ) . Regression analysis indicated that cell abundance and Nrt2 expression were closely related to the nutricline depth in the coastward half of the southern ECS for Skeletonema but not Chaetoceros. These results indicate that the evaluated species differ in @entity1568 status, which may reflect their evolutionary strategies to survive in a fluctuating marine environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The expression of XXXX transporter genes reveals different @entity1568 statuses of dominant diatom groups in the southern East China Sea.

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['nitrate']


abstract: G  mez-L  @entity38533 -Hern  ndez syndrome (GLHS) is a clinical condition traditionally characterized by rhombencephalosynapsis (RS), parieto-occipital @entity1665 , and trigeminal anesthesia. It is a @entity4848 with no known etiology. The underlying cause of the trigeminal anesthesia in GLHS has not been examined or reported; it has merely been identified on clinical grounds. In this report, a 10-month-old white female born at 37 weeks gestational age with GLHS underwent a contrast-enhanced CT for the evaluation of craniofacial @entity154 . Thin-section bone algorithm images showed absence of bilateral foramina rotunda and trigeminal nerve fibers. The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen rotundum and carries sensory information from the face. This case is unique because trigeminal nerve absence has not been suggested as a possible etiology for trigeminal anesthesia associated with GLHS. It is not known how many cases of GLHS have agenesis of the trigeminal nerve; however, a review of the literature suggests that this @entity1 is the first. The triad of RS, @entity1665 , and trigeminal anesthesia is specific to GLHS; therefore, early identification of trigeminal nerve agenesis in @entity1 with RS could expedite diagnosis of GLHS, particularly given that the clinical diagnosis of trigeminal anesthesia in neonates is a challenging one. Diagnosing @entity1665 in newborns is likewise challenging. Early diagnosis could allow for early intervention, especially for @entity532 , which are known to have significant long-term effects. This case illustrates the benefits of CT imaging in the detection of trigeminal nerve and foramina @entity854 in neonates with suspected GLHS.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Trigeminal nerve agenesis with absence of foramina rotunda in G  mez-L  XXXX -Hern  ndez syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphic features']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic complications']

entities_list: @entity4848 :: ('MESH:D020752', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['rotunda abnormalities']

answer: @entity38533 :: (5784,Gene) :: ['pez']


abstract: @entity6 , @entity28 , and physical inactivity are common in urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper reports an investigation of lay knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relating to @entity6 and its main risk factors of urban Cameroonians. We carried out a qualitative study in four urban health districts, one from each of the main ecological areas of Cameroon. @entity1 were purposively selected to include a range of community key @entity1 and articulate community members. Data were collected through in-depth interviews by using a pre-tested, semi-structured interview guide. Sixty-two interviews were conducted across the four sites. Awareness of @entity6 and knowledge of its causes, clinical course, and complications were limited. Many @entity1 believed @entity6 was caused by excessive sugar consumption rather than excessive energy intake, @entity28 , or physical inactivity. @entity28 , particularly in @entity1 , was largely perceived positively as a sign of "good living." Many @entity1 underestimated the degree to which they were overweight. Physical activity was mostly viewed positively, although negative views were common about simple methods of increasing physical activity, such as walking. Several constraints to the adoption of healthy behaviors were identified. For diet, these included lack of knowledge of the composition of a healthy diet. Barriers to undertaking more physical activity included lack of facilities and inadequate time available. The results indicate the need for health education about @entity6 and its main risk factors in these communities. Health education should be informed by lay perspectives to maximize the appropriateness of the messages and their effect on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior.

title: Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior relating to XXXX and its main risk factors among urban residents in Cameroon: a qualitative survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: AIMS: Histological features of @entity3619 in the small intestine neighbouring a @entity8529 raise the possibility of concurrent @entity30 . Several studies have reported a significant association between @entity8529 and @entity30 , whereas some case reports have proposed that the @entity13570 is attributable to acid-secreting @entity356 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, histomorphology and clinical follow-up of @entity8529 -associated @entity13570 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Medical records and slides from 48 consecutive surgical resections performed for @entity8529 were reviewed. Nine of 48 adults had significant inflammatory changes in the small intestine neighbouring the diverticulum. Two were transmural ulcers attributable to ingestion of a sharp object. Two @entity1 had established @entity30 , both with long segments (>95  mm) of transmural inflammation located >100  mm from the diverticulum. The remaining five @entity1 had inflammatory changes (ulceration, @entity4648 , submucosal @entity82 , and muscularis @entity1373 ) confined to a short segment (<20  mm) of mucosa/submucosa within 50-60  mm of the diverticulum. Two had @entity356 in the diverticulum. None of these five @entity1 used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). On follow-up, none had symptoms, imaging or pathology suggestive of @entity30 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity13570 affecting a @entity1347 and submucosa in the small intestine near a @entity8529 is relatively common, and is not necessarily related to @entity30 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity8529 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['short segment of mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopyloric metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity13570 :: ('MESH:D007079', 'Disease') :: ['Ileitis', 'ileitis']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic active ileitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric heterotopia']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity13570 :: (MESH:D007079,Disease) :: ['Ileitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of postoperative (adjuvant) external-beam pelvic radiotherapy (EBRT) for different grades of early @entity1204 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Meta-analysis of data from randomised trials stratified by histological risk factors supported by cohort studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Cochrane methodology. DATA: Seven randomised trials were identified. Five were eligible for meta-analysis. Homogeneity was confirmed (I2 < 25%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival, site of recurrence and added complications. MAIN RESULTS: EBRT after hysterectomy for low-risk disease increases the odds of @entity204 (OR for overall survival 0.71; 95% CI 0.52-0.96). EBRT does not appear to alter survival for intermediate-risk @entity5 (stage ICG1/2 and IBG3) (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.69-1.35). In contrast, EBRT offers a significant disease-free survival advantage for @entity5 (OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.07-2.89). The survival advantage benefits one in ten @entity1 . The definition of high risk is variable across studies but focuses on ICG3 (deeply invasive, poorly differentiated) @entity5 . Pelvic EBRT reduces the risk of pelvic recurrent disease in all types of invasive @entity1204 (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.16-0.44), but local recurrence may respond to salvage treatment. The risk of distant @entity3 appears to be increased significantly by prophylactic EBRT (OR 1.58; 95% CI 1.07-2.35), but this might be because pelvic relapse in untreated @entity1 alters reporting of @entity3 . AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant EBRT should not be used for low- (IA, IBG1) or intermediate-risk (IBG2) @entity5 , but it is associated with a 10% survival advantage for high-risk (stage ICG3) @entity1204 . This challenges the role of a staging lymphadenectomy.

title: Survival and recurrent disease after postoperative radiotherapy for early XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['high-risk cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: Satellite RNAs (satRNAs) are subviral agents that depend on cognate helper viruses for genome replication and encapsidation. Their negative impacts on helper viruses have been exploited to control plant @entity1800 . SatBaMV is a commonly found satRNA associated with @entity64676 ) that infects diverse bamboo species in the field. To investigate the genetic diversity and evolution of satRNAs, we examined seven satBaMV populations derived from five bamboo species and cultivars from Taiwan, China, and India and one from the greenhouse. We found 3 distinct clades among the seven populations. Clade I is consisted of all satBaMV isolates, except for those from @entity64677 in Taiwan and Bambusa vulgaris in India, which belong to Clades II and III, respectively. Interestingly, @entity377 diversity was lower for Clade I than II and III. However, the @entity377 diversity did not seem to depend on bamboo species or geographic location. Our population genetic analyses revealed the presence of excessive low-frequency polymorphic sites, which suggests that the satBaMV population was under purifying selection and/or population expansion. Further analysis of @entity9289 , the only satBaMV gene that encodes a non-structural protein involved in the long-distance movement of satBaMV, showed evidence of purifying selection. Taken together, our results suggest that purifying selection against defective @entity9289 protein is responsible at least in part for the evolution of the satBaMV genome.

title: Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Satellite RNAs Associated with the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64677 :: ('257763', 'Species') :: ['Dendrocalamus latiflorus']

entities_list: @entity64676 :: ('35286', 'Species') :: ['Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral diseases']

answer: @entity64676 :: (35286,Species) :: ['Bamboo Mosaic Virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of 3- and 4-part @entity6342 in the older adult is controversial. No study has directly compared reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) with nonoperative treatment for these @entity174 . The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and @entity1 -reported outcomes between RSA and nonoperative treatment groups. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all 3- and 4-part @entity6342 treated with either RSA or nonoperative treatment with minimum 1-year follow-up. All @entity1 in the nonoperative cohort were offered RSA but declined. Objective @entity1 data were obtained from medical records. @entity1 -reported outcomes including visual analog scale score, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation score, Penn Shoulder Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, resiliency score, and Veterans Rand-12 scores were obtained at follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed by use of the Student t test for continuous variables and   (2) analysis for nonparametric data. RESULTS: We analyzed 19 nonoperative and 20 RSA @entity1 with a mean follow-up period greater than 2 years (29 months in nonoperative group and 53 months in RSA group). There were no differences in range of motion between groups (forward elevation, 120   vs 119   [P   =   .87]; external rotation, 23   vs 31   [P   =   .06]). No differences between the nonoperative and RSA groups were noted for any @entity1 -reported outcomes. Among @entity1 receiving RSA, there was no difference in outcomes in those undergoing surgery less than 30 days after injury versus those receiving delayed RSA. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there are minimal benefits of RSA over nonoperative treatment for 3- and 4-part @entity6342 in older adults.

title: Nonoperative management versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of 3- and 4-part XXXX in older adults.

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalences of generalized @entity148 , generalized @entity148 , @entity4697 , and @entity4697 in @entity3520 (n = 28) and @entity191 (n = 28) and to explore their clinical correlates. BACKGROUND: We previously identified increases in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , third edition generalized @entity148 in @entity3519 and @entity4697 in @entity191 . METHOD: Structured Clinical Interview ( @entity915 ) ascertainment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , third edition, revised, disorders. RESULTS: Generalized @entity148 was more common in @entity3519 while @entity4697 was more common in @entity191 (P = 0.0018). Generalized @entity148 developed more commonly after @entity3519 onset (i.e., secondary generalized @entity148 ) while @entity4697 developed more commonly after @entity191 onset (P = 0.0132). Specific life prevalences were: generalized @entity148 , 7 subjects (25.0%) in @entity3519 versus 0 subjects (0.0%) in @entity191 ; generalized @entity148 , 11 (39.3%) versus 0 (0.0%); @entity4697 , 2 (7.1%) versus 7 (25.0%); and @entity4697 , 2 (7.1%) versus 9 (32.1%). Exploratory analysis in @entity191 indicated a relationship of @entity4697 (P = 0.027) and secondary @entity4697 (P = 0.0009) to motor block frequency. There were nonsignificant trends toward associations of secondary generalized @entity148 with lower Mini Mental Status Examination scores (P = 0.058), and of secondary @entity4697 with presence of a @entity308 (P = 0.077). @entity308 rates are also presented. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest relations of generalized @entity148 with reduced pallidal inhibition of thalamofrontotemporal projections, and @entity4697 with locus coeruleus dysfunction.

title: Correlates of generalized @entity148 and @entity3519 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'Depressive comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['primary dystonia']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic attacks', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson disease']


abstract: In this report, we have examined the requirement for the @entity995 ( @entity995 ) gene family in @entity528 with a focus on the developing neocortex. To determine whether @entity13887 is required for @entity528 in vivo, we crossed the @entity995 -/- @entity19 with @entity19 expressing beta-galactosidase from the early, panneuronal Talpha1 alpha-tubulin promoter (Talpha1:nlacZ). In E12.5 @entity995 -/- embryos, the Talpha1:nlacZ transgene was robustly expressed throughout the developing nervous system. However, by E14. 5, there were perturbations in Talpha1:nlacZ expression throughout the nervous system, including @entity51 . To more precisely define the temporal requirement for @entity13887 in @entity528 , we functionally ablated the @entity13887 family in wild-type cortical progenitor cells that undergo the transition to postmitotic neurons in vitro by expression of a mutant adenovirus E1A protein. These studies revealed that induction of Talpha1:nlacZ did not require proteins of the @entity13887 family. However, in their absence, determined, Talpha1:nlacZ-positive cortical neurons underwent apoptosis, presumably as a consequence of "mixed signals" deriving from their inability to undergo terminal mitosis. In contrast, when the @entity13887 family was ablated in postmitotic cortical neurons, there was no effect on neuronal survival, nor did it cause the postmitotic neurons to reenter the cell cycle. Together, these studies define a critical temporal window of requirement for the @entity13887 family; these proteins are not required for induction of neuronal gene expression or for the maintenance of postmitotic neurons, but are essential for determined neurons to exit the cell cycle and survive.

title: A critical temporal requirement for the XXXX protein family during @entity528 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in the forebrain and retina']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal determination']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'Rb']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: Hackethal developed the nailing procedure named after him in 1959. The rationale of Hackethal nailing is an elastic jamming, which can only be achieved by obeying four rules: jamming of the nails in the cortical window, jamming then in the waist of the medullary cavity, spreading the bunch of nails in the metaphysis and filling up the conus of the medullary cavity with short nails. We confined Hackethal nailing to closed and first-degree open @entity174 of the 2nd-5th sixth of the shaft of the forearm. If closed reduction and nailing were impossible, we performed a plate fixation (AO), in second- or third-degree open @entity174 we treated with fixators (Orthofix). In a 13-year period we performed Hackethal bundle nailing in 65 @entity1 with 115 @entity174 . In 54% @entity1 surgery was performed within the first 8 hours following admission. We used two or three nails passing the @entity174 and one short nail. Except for 1 case, in which we needed a plaster of Paris, we achieved rational stability. On average, the nails were removed after 11.5 months. The healing and complication rates were assessed by follow-up examination of 49 @entity1 . The results were excellent and good in 71.5% @entity1 , satisfactory 11.4% and poor in 17.1%. Complications consisted of a 2.1% infection rate ( @entity4421 ), 3.1% non-union, 2.1% with a @entity8213 , 1% refracture (during removal of the nails) and 3.1% migration of nails, combined with @entity397 . We have seen 1 case with metallosis. In conclusion with our confined spectrum of indications Hackethal nailing is a low-risk method, which leads to a rational stability and early bone healing.

title: [Bundle nailing of XXXX . Indications and results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['forearm fractures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Caloric restriction (CR) ameliorates @entity299 associated with @entity28 . However, most of the studies have been performed under severe CR (30-65% caloric intake decrease) for several months or even years in aged animals. Here, we investigated whether mild (20% food intake reduction) and short-term (2-weeks) CR prevented the @entity296 phenotype and improved the metabolic profile of young (14 weeks of age) genetically @entity28 Zucker fa/fa @entity35 . Heart weight (HW) and HW/tibia length ratio was significantly lower in fa/fa @entity35 after 2 weeks of CR than in counterparts fed ad libitum. Invasive pressure measurements showed that systolic blood pressure, maximal rate of positive left ventricle (LV) pressure, LV systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure were all significantly higher in @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 than in lean counterparts, which were prevented by CR. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the increase in LV end-systolic volume, @entity64 volume and LV wall thickness observed in fa/fa @entity35 was significantly lower in animals on CR diet. Histological analysis also revealed that CR blocked the significant increase in cardiomyocyte diameter in @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 . High resolution magic angle spinning magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis of the LV revealed a global decrease in metabolites such as @entity2226 , @entity908 and @entity1734 , @entity3264 , @entity3264 and @entity2041 , in @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 , whereas @entity880 concentration was increased. By contrast, @entity844 concentrations in LV tissue were significantly elevated in @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 . CR failed to restore the LV metabolomic profile of @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 . In conclusion, mild and short-term CR prevented an @entity28 -induced @entity296 phenotype in young @entity28 fa/fa @entity35 independently of the cardiac metabolic profile.

title: Mild and Short-Term Caloric Restriction Prevents Obesity-Induced XXXX in Young Zucker @entity35 without Changing in Metabolites and Fatty Acids Cardiac Profile.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['obese cardiomyopathy', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine', 'glutamate']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity1534 causes peptic ulceration and @entity356 . The aims were to study the influence of dupA1 positivity upon @entity687 ( @entity687 ) secretion from gastric mucosa and determine the prevalence of mutations responsible for @entity4581 and @entity3284 resistance. DNA was extracted from 74 biopsies and the virulence factors were studied. Levels of @entity687 in gastric mucosa were measured using ELISA and the mutations responsible for @entity4581 and @entity3284 resistance were determined using a GenoType-HelicoDR assay. The prevalence of @entity2757 in strains isolated from @entity2275 ( @entity2275 ) and duodenal ulcer (DU) was significantly higher than those isolated from non-ulcer disease (NUD) (90% and 57.9% versus 33.3%; p 0.01). The vacA s1m1 genotype was more prevalent in @entity1 with DU (73.7%) and @entity2275 (70%) than in those with NUD (13.3%) (p 0.01). The prevalence of dupA1 was higher in DU @entity1 (36.8%) than those with @entity2275 (10%) and NUD (8.9%) (p 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that a @entity2757 +/vacA s1i1m2 virulence gene combination was independently associated with the developing @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ) with increased odds of developing @entity10189 (p 0.03; OR  =  2.1). We found no significant difference in the levels of @entity687 secretion in gastric @entity281 with @entity1534 dupA-negative and @entity1534 dupA1-positive strains (dupA-negative: mean      median: 28      26 versus 30      27.1 for dupA1; p 0.6). While 12 strains were @entity4581 resistant, only three isolates were @entity5553 resistant. A significant association was found between dupA1 genotype and @entity67535 @entity4581 resistance mutation (p <0.01). Further study is needed to explore the relationship between virulence factors and disease process and treatment failure.

title: Duodenal ulcer promoting gene 1 (dupA1) is associated with @entity67535 @entity4581 -resistance mutation but not @entity687 secretion from gastric mucosa in Iraqi XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity3284 :: ('D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolone']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa infected']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori', 'H.  pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer', 'GU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Reactive @entity26 species have been postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity3137 and in @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). The low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) group plays an important role in the defense mechanism of the GI tract against oxidative damage, and is a major component of the reducing capacity of biological tissues and fluids. We hypothesized that altered gastric LMWA anti oxidative status might play a role in the pathogenesis of upper @entity74 such as @entity10189 and could be evaluated by measuring gastric juice reducing power. The aim of the present study was to determine, by cyclic voltammetry, changes in the overall antioxidant activity of the gastric juice in active duodenal @entity1066 (DU) obtained during upper endoscopy from @entity1 as compared with normal subjects. The results show that in 28/37 (76%) of the control subjects, gastric juice demonstrated a reducing power of at least two anodic waves indicating at least two different LMWA groups. Three or more anodic waves were recorded in 12 normal subject (32%). In contrast, 16/25 (64%) of gastric juice samples obtained from active DU @entity1 exhibited only one anodic wave usually at a high potential (>900 mV). These results imply that gastric juice normally possesses a reducing power profile that can be determined by cyclic voltammetry. This profile is significantly changed in untreated DU disease. These changes in active DU may indicate decreased gastric antioxidant activity reflecting reduced mucosal protection that leading to increased susceptibility of the gastro-duodenum to injury.

title: Changes in reducing power profile of gastric juice in @entity1 with active duodenal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['GI disorders']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal GI injury']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a need for a simple, therapeutic test that is of diagnostic value and can also provide rapid symptom relief in @entity1 who present with classic, mild symptoms suggestive of @entity354 ( @entity354 ), when the diagnosis is based on symptom assessment alone. AIM: To assess the diagnostic value of a therapeutic trial of @entity4546 40 mg in a dyspeptic population. METHODS: A total of 90 @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of @entity354 entered the study. @entity1 underwent endoscopy and ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring for 18-24 h. @entity1 then received @entity4546 40 mg o.m. for 2 weeks. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the diagnoses obtained from a trial of @entity4546 and the diagnoses obtained from pH monitoring (P < 0. 05). There was no significant correlation between the diagnoses obtained from endoscopy and those obtained from pH monitoring. Both @entity4546 and endoscopy were compared to pH monitoring as the 'gold standard' for the diagnosis of @entity354 and the cost per correct diagnosis with @entity4546 was pound47 (95% CI: pound40- pound59) compared to pound480 (95% CI: pound396- pound608) with endoscopy. There was a complete absence of acid-related symptoms in the majority (59%) of @entity1 after 3 days of @entity4546 40 mg therapy and, after 2 weeks, 82% of @entity1 had experienced an improvement in overall symptoms ( 1 grade). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity4546 can be used as a clinically effective tool in the initial management of @entity354 and that it is of diagnostic value in @entity1 who present with typical symptoms, such as heartburn, when the diagnosis is based on symptom assessment alone.

title: Evaluation of @entity4546 as a cost-effective diagnostic test for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['GERD', 'gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastro-oesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: Mold contamination is an important issue in insect mass rearing. Frequently used antifungal agents such as @entity33251 and @entity22589 have negative impact on many lepidopteran larvae, which might be one of the reasons for the difficulty in rearing @entity14870 , @entity14870 (G  en  e). In this study, 19 antifungal agents, including 7 food preservatives, 6 antifungal drugs, and 6 agricultural fungicides, were screened for their inhibitory activities on @entity11150 in diets. The results demonstrated that most of the tested chemicals are unsuitable as mold inhibitors in the diets of the @entity14870 , and the @entity14870 neonate is sensitive to @entity33251 and @entity22589 . These two mold inhibitors at commonly used concentrations were shown to impact the survival of @entity14870 larvae fed on artificial diets. Among the tested mold inhibitors, @entity5896 was the safest for the @entity14870 larvae. Much higher larva survival was observed for the larvae fed on diets containing @entity5896 as an antifungal agent (59 and 72% at 200 and 400 ppm, respectively). Two agricultural fungicides, @entity15362 and @entity28597 , are also potent as mold inhibitors when used in insect diets. The mixed use of @entity5896 and @entity33251 , or @entity22589 , and the mixed use of @entity33251 and @entity28597 resulted in significantly higher larva survival than @entity33251 + @entity22589 . @entity5896 + @entity28597 and @entity33251 + @entity15362 resulted in larva survival similar to that of @entity33251 + @entity22589 . The ternary combination of @entity5896 , @entity33251 , and @entity22589 was the best combination for the rearing of @entity14870 .

title: Antifungal agents against @entity11150 for rearing XXXX larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on artificial diet.

entities_list: @entity14870 :: ('437488', 'Species') :: ['Cnaphalocrocis medinalis', 'rice leaffolder']

entities_list: @entity28597 :: ('MESH:C087670', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxystrobin']

entities_list: @entity22589 :: ('MESH:C015358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylparaben']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity33251 :: ('MESH:D013011', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity15362 :: ('MESH:C087114', 'Chemical') :: ['tebuconazole']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin', 'Natamycin']

answer: @entity14870 :: (437488,Species) :: ['rice leaffolder']


abstract: Only a few reports have been published describing @entity39 soft tissue infection (NSTI) following laparoscopic surgery; none identify trocar-site @entity547 as an etiologic factor. We present a case report and review of the literature. A 43-year-old previously healthy @entity1 underwent uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An unrecognized strangulated lateral trocar-site @entity547 resulted in fatal NSTI. A Medline database search (1966-2002) identifies ten detailed reports of NSTIs following laparoscopic surgery. Multiple risk factors were identified in almost all @entity1 . The mortality rate was 20%. @entity1 survival from NSTI requires early recognition, aggressive surgical intervention, and intensive medical care. NSTI can occur following minimally invasive surgery, and physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion when @entity1 begin to develop postoperative symptoms. Trocar-site @entity547 arises as another etiologic factor for NSTI in the domain of minimally invasive surgery.

title: Trocar-site @entity547 complicated by XXXX --case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotizing fasciitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze etiologies, clinical presentations, therapeutic management, and outcomes of @entity1 with acute @entity198 and identify outcome predictors. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity198 at Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 2000 and December 2012. On the basis of the final diagnosis, the @entity1 were categorized into 3 groups: @entity11410 , @entity14752 , and @entity198 of unknown/other etiology. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with good (modified Rankin Scale scores of 0-2) or poor (scores of 3-6) outcome at hospital discharge. RESULTS: We identified 198 @entity1 (100 [50.5%] @entity1 and 98 [49.5%] @entity1 ) with a median age of 58 years (range 41.8-69). Etiologies included @entity1800 (n = 95, 48%), autoimmune (n = 44, 22%), and unknown/others (n = 59, 30%). Good outcome at discharge was achieved by 48 @entity1 (50.5%) with @entity11410 , 17 (40.5%) with @entity14752 , and 32 (54.2%) with unknown/other etiologies. Mortality rates were 8%, 12%, and 5% in each of the 3 categories, respectively. On multivariate regression analysis, the factors that were associated with poor outcome were age 65 years or older (p = 0.0307), immunocompromised state (p = 0.0153), @entity772 (p = 0.0062), mechanical ventilation (p = 0.0124), and acute @entity882 (p = 0.0329). CSF polymorphonuclear cell count was also strongly associated with poor outcome in @entity11410 (p = 0.0027). CONCLUSIONS: Advanced age, immunocompromised state, @entity772 , mechanical ventilation, and acute @entity882 portend a worse prognosis in acute @entity198 . In contrast, the etiology of @entity198 , development of @entity410 or focal @entity51 , and MRI findings were not associated with clinical outcomes.

title: The spectrum of acute XXXX : Causes, management, and predictors of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity14752 :: ('MESH:C535841', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The anti-convulsant effects of @entity12098 in male animals have been reported in previous studies. Both clinical and animal studies demonstrated that ovarian hormones can influence @entity410 activity. @entity12098 has direct effects on ovaries and changes the level of gonadal hormones. In the current study, we examined the influence of ovariectomy on @entity410 threshold in @entity12098 -treated female @entity19 . Two models of intravenous and intraperitoneal @entity5093 -induced @entity410 were used to analyze the effect of @entity12098 in sham and ovariectomized female @entity19 . Different doses of @entity12098 were administered orally for 10 days in different groups. We demonstrated that chronic administration of @entity12098 (10 and 20mg/kg) increased clonic @entity410 threshold in intravenous @entity5093 @entity410 model of female @entity19 . We also indicated that chronic treatment with @entity12098 (10 and 20mg/kg) increased clonic @entity410 latency in intraperitoneal @entity5093 @entity410 model in female @entity19 , while the incidence of tonic @entity410 and death remained unchanged. Ovariectomy abolished anti- @entity410 effect of @entity12098 in both @entity410 models of intravenous and intraperitoneal @entity5093 . In conclusion, @entity12098 exerts anti-convulsant effect in both @entity410 models of intravenous and intraperitoneal @entity5093 possibly through gonadal hormones of ovary in female @entity19 .

title: The influence of ovariectomy on anti-convulsant effect of @entity12098 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone', 'Pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor compliance with evidence-based-medicine guidelines could significantly influence the effect of @entity64 prevention strategies. The objectives of this survey are to investigate the current status in Beijing of @entity385 / @entity4905 (transient @entity63 ) inpatients' adherence to the evidence-based-medicine secondary prevention and behavior modifications both at the discharge and at 90-day follow up. METHODS: The survey included @entity385 / @entity4905 @entity1 successively admitted from 1, Oct 2006 to 1, May 2007, used ACEI/ARB, Statin, anti-platelet agents therapy, accepted carotid endarterctomy or angioplasty or stent, and modified behaviors to stop smoking and control weight. Data of @entity1 during hospitalization were obtained from the medical documents in the inpatient department of 7 centers. The detailed information included the medicine therapy, lifestyle modifications, @entity1 ' social demographic background (age, sex, education and way of payment), major risk factors for @entity64 , and @entity63 event subtypes ( @entity4905 or @entity385 ). Above information of part of @entity1 were collected through telephone interview at 90-day follow-up if the @entity1 were not able to visit the clinic. RESULTS: 708 @entity385 / @entity4905 inpatients who didn't have contraindications were included. Among them, the patents who haven't used anti-platelet agents, nor taken statin, nor accepted ACEI/ARB were about 0.4%, 41.8% and 63.6% respectively. Neither 27% of the @entity1 have accepted the instructions on stop smoking. While about 588 @entity1 suitable to drug therapy were followed up at 90 days, but the percentage of these @entity1 who haven't compliance on anti-platelet agents, @entity1780 , ACEI/ARB was 26.9%, 52.6% and 59.4% respectively. Only 66.9% of the smoking @entity1 have received the doctor instructions on smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: @entity64 recurrence rate in China is higher than that of average figures in western countries. One of the key reasons of high recurrence of @entity64 in China is the poor adherence to @entity64 secondary prevention guidelines. Thus, investigate current status of secondary prevention among hospitals in capital of China and promote strategies to enhance the adherence to the guidelines and fill the gap between the clinical practice and evidence-based medicine in China, which is able to lower the @entity64 recurrence and save lives are urgently needed. Physician should take great care of the @entity1 's compliances on the evidenced-based-medicine secondary prevents and behavior modifications, and take effective measures to improve the compliances.

title: [A survey on @entity385 /transient XXXX inpatients compliance with secondary @entity64 prevention and follow-up 90 days].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic attack']


abstract: Various neuropeptides and neurotransmitters affect GH secretion by acting on @entity48216 and @entity1943 ( @entity48221 ) cells. GH secretion is also affected by alteration in @entity1386 , which could be via modulation of @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells. We quantified colocalization of neuropeptides in @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells and afferent projections to these cells in lean (food restricted) and normally fed @entity742 (n=4/group). The number of @entity48216 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus was higher in lean animals, but the number of @entity48221 -IR cells in the periventricular nucleus was similar in the two groups. A subpopulation of @entity48216 -IR cells colocalized neuropeptide Y in lean animals, but this was not seen in normally fed animals. @entity48216 / @entity67970 (GAL) colocalization was higher in lean animals with no difference in numbers of @entity48216 / @entity669 hydroxylase or @entity48216 /GAL-like peptide cells. @entity48221 /enkephalin colocalization was lower in lean animals. The percentage of @entity48216 neurons receiving @entity48221 input was similar in lean and normally fed animals, but more @entity48216 cells received input from enkephalin afferents in normally fed animals. The percentage of @entity48221 cells receiving @entity48216 , neuropeptide Y, GAL, and orexin afferents was higher in lean animals. These findings provide an anatomical evidence of central mechanism(s) by which appetite-regulating peptides and @entity935 could regulate GH secretion. Increased input to @entity48221 cells in lean animals may be inhibitory and permissive of increased GH. The appearance of @entity38025 in @entity48216 cells of lean animals may be a mechanism for regulation of increasing GH secretion with reduced @entity1386 .

title: Reduction in @entity1386 affects the extent of afferent projections to growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 neurons and the degree of colocalization of neuropeptides in growth hormone-releasing hormone and XXXX cells of the ovine hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Using a @entity1949 paradigm, the aim of the study was to investigate the sensitivity of a computer-based test battery of fitness to drive to detect impairments related to @entity25 . METHODS: Forty-seven healthy subjects (34 females, mean age 26.0        6.8  years) participated in a counterbalanced within-subject design of two conditions: (i) normal night sleep and (ii) @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) with 4  h time in bed. For the assessment of fitness to drive, we used a validated traffic psychological test battery. Moreover, well-established measures of @entity25 highly responsive to @entity1949 were applied: the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), pupillography (Pupil Unrest Index (PUI) as physiological @entity25 indicator) and two sustained attention tasks (psychomotor Vigilance Task and Mackworth Clock Test). RESULTS: Subjective and physiological @entity25 were significantly increased after @entity1949 , accompanied by large (d   >   1.50 for KSS) and medium (d   =   0.55 for PUI) effect sizes. Sleepiness-related performance decrements were found in both sustained attention tasks (d   =   0.59-0.77). Assessing driving-related ability, @entity1949 induced decrements only in the test domain Reaction Test (reaction time d   =   0.54 and motor time d   =   0.45). All other subtests-as well as the overall judgement of fitness to drive-were not significantly affected by @entity1949 . CONCLUSION: In contrast to established tests of sustained attention and subjective @entity25 , computer-based test batteries of fitness to drive might lack sensitivity to core aspects of @entity25 as they mainly consist of short and stimulating subtests. Therefore, tasks that require sustained attention should be an essential part of traffic psychological test batteries when @entity25 is a potential issue.

title: The effect of XXXX on computer-based measures of fitness to drive.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['PSD', 'partial sleep deprivation', 'sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['partial sleep deprivation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative parathyroid localization studies, namely, sestamibi (MIBI) and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS), are commonly used for targeted parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) with intraoperative @entity6685 monitoring (IPM) in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ). This study examined age-related variability in abnormal parathyroid gland localization for targeted @entity4045 and the value of IPM across age groups. METHODS: A retrospective review examined prospectively collected data of 833 @entity1 who underwent targeted @entity4045 guided by IPM. The @entity1 were stratified into three age groups as follows: younger [<47 years; mean -1 standard deviation (SD)], typical (47-73 years), and older (>73 years; mean +1 SD) based on an age distribution curve for @entity459 . The accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for MIBI, SUS, and IPM were analyzed and compared among age groups. Operative success was defined as eucalcemia for 6 months or longer after @entity4045 , and operative failure was defined as elevated @entity460 and @entity461 levels within 6 months after @entity4045 . RESULTS: Of the 833 @entity1 , the youngest group had the highest accuracy and sensitivity for MIBI, SUS, and IPM compared with the older groups (p < 0.05). The accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS also decreased significantly with increased age (p < 0.05). Within all three age groups, IPM was consistently more accurate and sensitive than SUS or MIBI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age can significantly affect the accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS in targeted @entity4045 for @entity1 with @entity459 . Across all age groups, IPM remains more accurate than preoperative localization studies. For the elderly, in whom multiglandular disease appears increased, surgeons should have a lower threshold for conversion to bilateral neck exploration.

title: Intraoperative Parathormone Monitoring Mitigates Age-Related Variability in Targeted Parathyroidectomy for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'pHPT']

entities_list: @entity6685 :: ('MESH:D010281', 'Chemical') :: ['parathormone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['Primary Hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7004 Background: In the neoadjuvant treatment setting of stage III @entity1149 the additional impact of hfRT/CT after preoperative CT on resectability and survival is open to conjecture. METHODS: In a phase III trial @entity1 [pts] with stage III @entity1149 (invasive mediastinal staging obligatory) were stratified (center; stage, IIIA vs IIIB) and then randomized to (arm A) 3 cycles P 55 mg/m2 (d 1+4) / E 100 mg/m2 (d 1-4), followed by hfRT (45 Gy; 2 x 1.5 Gy/d) with concurrent @entity3003 100 mg/m2 / Vindesin 3 mg (d 1, 8, 15), then surgery and, if no or R1/2-resection, additional hfRT (24 Gy; 2 x 1.5 Gy/d) versus (arm B) 3 cycles of PE followed by surgery and then RT (1.8 Gy/d) with 54 Gy or, if no or R1/2-resection, 68.4 Gy. The primary (secondary) study endpoint was progression free survival [PFS] (survival [S]). With 500 pts. evaluable an improvement of median PFS (S) from 10 to 14 (17 to 23) months [mo]; 3 y.-rate from 8 to 17 (23 to 34) % could be detected. RESULTS: 558 pts. were randomized (10/95-07/03); 32 (6%) were ineligible. On december 1st, 2003 median follow up was 46 mo with outcome data available for 481 pts. @entity1 characteristics were well balanced between arm A (245 pts.) and arm B (236 pts): male 82%/83%, female 18%/17%; PS 0 86%/87%; PS 1 14%/13%; age 59/59 ys. [median]; stage IIIA 31%/34%; stage IIIB 69%/66%. Whilst the rate of grade 3/4- @entity2910 was significantly different between treatment arms (15%/4%, p < 0.001), there was no significant difference for the response rate after induction (52%/47%; p = 0.35), the proportion of @entity1 with complete @entity5 resection (111/245, 45% /118/236, 50%; p = 0.30), the treatment related mortality rate (5,6%/5,3%), nor for PFS (median, 10/10 mo; 3 y.-rate, 17%/18%; p = 0.37, log-rank) or S (median, 15/17 mo; 3 y.-rate, 24%/23%; p = 0.89, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: In this trial the addition of hfRT/CT to PE prior to planned surgery had no impact on PFS or S but contributed to significantly higher rates of grade 3/4 @entity2910 . [Table: see text].

title: Cisplatin / etoposide (PE) followed by twice-daily chemoradiation (hfRT/CT) versus PE alone before surgery in stage III XXXX ( @entity1149 ): A randomized phase III trial of the German Lung Cancer Cooperative Group (GLCCG).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Delhi, the capital city of India, has so far witnessed several outbreaks of @entity779 @entity221 since 1967 (last one reported in 2013). Improved virological and entomological surveillance are the only tools that can help in prevention of @entity779 as well as in the development of @entity779 control programmes. The aim of the study was to conduct a prospective field study to detect @entity778 in adult @entity4224 mosquitoes collected from various localities represented by different socioeconomic groups in Delhi. METHODS: The study areas were selected and categorized into high, medium and low income groups on the basis of socioeconomical characteristics of the resident population, where @entity779 cases were reported during the past three years by @entity2826 . @entity1800 was detected in the head squash of each adult mosquito by immunofluorescent assay (IFA) employing monoclonal antibodies against @entity778 ( @entity778 ). A total of 2408 females and 1206 males of Ae. aegypti were collected and tested by IFA. RESULTS: Out of 2408 Ae. aegypti females, 14 were found positive, with minimum infection rate (MIR) of 5.8 per 1000 mosquitoes. Among the 18 study areas, 11 localities were found positive for @entity778 . Low income group (LIG) areas showed highest mosquito infectivity (9.8), followed by medium income group (MIG), i.e. 6.2; while least was observed in high income group (HIG), i.e. 1.3. No vertical transmission of @entity778 could be detected in 1206 Ae. aegypti males collected. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The study concludes that there was high MIR in the identified localities of low and medium income groups. Estimation of MIR in a female Aedes mosquito in the existing arsenals for @entity779 would be an added advantage for early warning of @entity779 outbreak. The presence of infected mosquitoes in identified localities of Delhi was alarming and require rigorous vector surveillance so that the severe outbreaks can be prevented.

title: XXXX in individual @entity4224 mosquitoes in Delhi, India.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus', 'dengue virus infection', 'DENV']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue viral infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue surveillance', 'dengue']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Detection of dengue virus']