abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9511 Background: @entity4309 is caused by mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes which confer extraordinarily high risk of @entity14 , @entity2670 as well as lesser occurring @entity5 types. Carriers of these MMR mutations require genetic counseling, clinical surveillance, and targeted management. METHODS: An @entity6756 mutation among the Navajo consisted of a four basepair deletion beginning at the first nucleotide of codon 727. In Caucasians a deletion encompassing exons 1 - 6 of @entity4311 occurred. To facilitate the diagnosis of these mutations, specific PCR-based tests were developed and used for large-scale screening of individuals at risk. An extensive genealogical and historical study was performed in search for a common origin of each mutation and its spread. RESULTS: The @entity6756 deletion mutation was found in members of six widely dispersed Navajo families in Arizona. To date, 386 individuals from these families have been identified to be at risk of whom 142 individuals have been tested with 56 harboring the mutation. The @entity4311 deletion mutation was found in members of nine Caucasian families living in various parts of the U.S. To date 566 family members of the nine probands have been identified to be at risk and counseled; 137 of these have been tested, and 61 carry the mutation. Carriers of the mutation have already been identified in 14 states. Three of these families have been genealogically shown to descend from a German immigrant family that arrived in Pennsylvania in 1727. CONCLUSIONS: The postulated high frequency and continent-wide geographic distribution of these founder mutations beg the suggestion that until more is learned about their occurrences, the routine testing of individuals at risk for @entity4309 in the U.S. might include an assay for these mutations in the interest of early @entity5 detection and improved @entity5 control. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: XXXX founder mutations in families of Navajo and German-American heritage.

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial, ovarian']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare detection of @entity726 progression with scanning laser polarimetry using two methods for @entity2687 . METHODS: Normal, @entity726 suspects and @entity726 @entity1 with 36 months' follow-up meeting the eligibility criteria were prospectively enrolled. All subjects underwent complete eye exam, standard automated perimetry (SAP) and scanning laser polarimetry with variable and enhanced @entity2687 (GDxVCC, GDxECC). SAP progression was determined using the visual-field index (VFI). @entity9999 progression was determined using Guided Progression Analysis software (GDxGPA) and was defined as a repeatable change on two consecutive scans compared with two baseline images using any of three strategies: >=  150 contiguous pixels on the image progression map (A), four or more adjacent segments on the Temporal Superior Nasal Inferior Temporal graph (B) or a significant change in slope of the summary parameter chart (C). Kappa statistics and logistic regression were used for the analysis. RESULTS: Thirteen normal, 30 @entity726 suspect and 25 @entity735 participating in the @entity1442 in @entity726 Study were included. Progression was identified in six eyes (8.8%) using GDxVCC and in eight eyes (11.8%) using GDxECC. SAP progression was detected in seven (10.3%) eyes. Agreement among progression methods using GDxVCC and GDxECC was strongest for method C (kappa=0.57, p=0.002) compared with methods A (kappa=0.41, p=0.01) and B (kappa=0.41, p=0.01). The association between typical scan score (TSS) and overall or individual methods of progression was not significant using VCC or ECC (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: GDxGPA represents a novel approach for detection of @entity2789 . GDxVCC and GDxECC demonstrate moderate agreement.

title: Detecting XXXX using @entity9999 with variable and enhanced @entity2687 using Guided Progression Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2789 :: ('MESH:D018450', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous progression']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced Imaging']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal compensation']

answer: @entity2789 :: (MESH:D018450,Disease) :: ['glaucomatous progression']


abstract: Abstract Purpose: Radiation induced bystander effects have important implication in radiotherapy. Their persistence in normal cells may contribute to risk of health hazards, including @entity5 . This study investigates the role of radiation quality and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) in the propagation of harmful effects in progeny of bystander cells. Materials and methods: Confluent @entity1 skin fibroblasts were exposed to microbeam radiations with different linear energy transfer (LET) at mean absorbed doses of 0.4 Gy by which 0.036-0.4% of the cells were directly targeted by radiation. Following 20 population doublings, the cells were harvested and assayed for micronucleus formation, gene mutation and protein oxidation. Results: Our results showed that expression of stressful effects in the progeny of bystander cells is dependent on LET. The progeny of bystander cells exposed to X rays (LET    6 keV/  m) or protons (LET    11 keV/  m) showed persistent oxidative stress, which correlated with increased micronucleus formation and mutation at the @entity9996 ( @entity9996 ) locus. Such effects were not observed after irradiation by @entity505 ions (LET    103 keV/  m). Interestingly, progeny of bystander cells from cultures exposed to protons or @entity505 ions under conditions where GJIC was inhibited harbored reduced oxidative and genetic damage. This mitigating effect was not detected when the cultures were exposed to X rays. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cellular exposure to proton and heavy charged particle with LET properties similar to those used here can reduce the risk of lesions associated with @entity5 . The ability of cells to communicate via gap junctions at the time of irradiation appears to impact residual damage in progeny of bystander cells.

title: Genetic changes in progeny of bystander XXXX fibroblasts after microbeam irradiation with X rays, protons or @entity505 ions: The relevance to @entity5 risk.

entities_list: @entity9996 :: ('3251', 'Gene') :: ['HPRT', 'HYPOXANTHINE-GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYL-TRANSFERASE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Five cases (3M, 2F) of @entity1606 are reported. they have been observed in the last two years in a general surgical service. All the @entity1 have been treated surgically. Gross @entity811 was present in all the @entity1 . Three cases had multicentric @entity5 sites. Three @entity5 were located in the distal ureter. Four cases showed a non functioning kidney at IVP. In two, because of obstruction, retrograde pyelography was unsuccessful. Ultrasound was able to demonstrate @entity3041 . In the two cases submitted to angio-CT the spread of the @entity5 was correctly diagnosed. Frequency, etiology, clinical, diagnostic findings and surgical therapy as well have all been taken into account, based on the literature. Histopathologic aspects, grade and stage, are considered too. The authors emphasize the necessity to find and understand the cause of an unexplained @entity811 , since @entity1698 is not as rare as previously thought. Being grade and stage closely related to prognosis, the diagnostic delay must be reduced.

title: Primary XXXX . Experience in a general surgical service.

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity1698 :: (MESH:D014516,Disease) :: ['ureteral carcinoma']


abstract: Transgenic @entity958 ( @entity958 ) plants containing a monomeric copy of the @entity3260 ) genome exhibited the generation of @entity166 replicating virus. The circular viral genome had been split within the nonessential gene II for integration into the @entity958 genome by @entity3261 -mediated transformation. Transgenic plants were assessed for @entity281 at flowering, seed set, and/or senescence. The @entity281 were confirmed by western blot for the @entity3260 P6 and P4 proteins, electron microscopy for the presence of icosahedral virions, and through polymerase chain reaction across the recombination junction. By the end of the test period, a majority of the transgenic @entity958 plants had developed @entity281 . The @entity778 was infectious to nontransgenic plants, indicating that no essential functions were lost after release from the @entity958 chromosome. An analysis of the viral genomes recovered from either transgenic @entity958 or nontransgenic turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa) revealed that the viruses contained deletions within gene II, and in some cases, the deletions extended to the beginning of gene III. In addition, many of the progeny viruses contained small regions of nonviral sequence derived from the flanking transformation vector. The nature of the @entity377 sequences at the recombination junctions in the circular progeny virus indicated that most were generated by nonhomologous recombination during the excision event. The release of the @entity3260 viral genomes from an integrated copy was not dependent upon the application of environmental stresses but occurred with greater frequency with either age or the late stages of plant maturation.

title: Excision and episomal replication of XXXX integrated into a plant genome.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['episomal form of the virus']

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium tumefaciens']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV', 'CaMV']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['episomal infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious, episomally']

answer: @entity3260 :: (10641,Species) :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus']


abstract: PURPOSE: Migrants with @entity5 struggle to communicate with their health care team. This study aimed to identify health-care related unmet needs and communication issues for migrants who develop @entity5 and factors associated with these challenges. In this paper, the findings related to communication issues are presented. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-three @entity5 @entity1 diagnosed within the previous 3 years and 18 carers, who had migrated to Australia and spoke the designated languages, participated in focus groups or structured interviews. @entity1 were recruited from ethnic community support organisations, support groups and Oncology clinics within three metropolitan hospitals in two states of Australia. Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were conducted in @entity1 ' own language or English as preferred, audio-taped, transcribed and translated into English and analysed using qualitative methods. RESULTS: Four themes emerged: (1) cultural isolation, alienation and identification; (2) language and communication difficulties; (3) interpreter issues; and (4) advice for health professionals. @entity1 , especially those less acculturated, described feeling alone and misunderstood, failing to comprehend medical instructions, being unable to communicate questions and concerns and a lack of consistency in interpreters and interpretation. CONCLUSIONS: Migrants with @entity5 experience additional challenges to those of native-born @entity1 . @entity1 provided cogent advice regarding optimal communication with @entity1 from their culture. There is clearly a need to develop strategies to increase the cultural competence of care to @entity1 from different countries.

title: From inside the bubble: migrants' perceptions of communication with the XXXX team.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'people']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: GOALS: To describe port placement and operative technique for resection of right hepatic and full-thickness diaphragm metastatic @entity43 in a @entity1 with recurrent disease using the da Vinci   Surgical System. CASE: A 60-year-old female with recurrent @entity902 sensitive @entity43 presented with disease confined to the liver by PET-CT scan. The lesion measured 3.4 cm on the dome of the right hepatic lobe. After two attempts at intra-hepatic arterial chemo-embolization the lesion remained stable. She subsequently agreed to robotic-assisted resection of the right lobe @entity409 after refusing laparotomy for 9 months. PROCEDURE: Pnuemoperitoneum was established in the left upper quadrant by directly inserting a 5-mm laparoscope. There were no midline adhesions. The 12-mm camera port was placed in the midclavicular line on the right 10 cm off the costal margin with the right and left operative arms 10 cm from the camera near the costal margin, and the third arm in the right flank. The robot was docked from the right shoulder. Resection was accomplished with a monopolar spatula in the right, fenestrated @entity162 in the left, and double fenestrated grasper in the third operative arm. Adhesions between diaphragm and liver were separated, the liver lesion was excised, the diaphragm lesion was resected full thickness, and diaphragm was closed with running prolene. Surgicel   was placed on the liver for hemostasis. Console time was 82 min and the @entity1 discharged on day-5 after drainage of a cytology negative @entity1143 day-4. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic resection of liver and full-thickness diaphragm lesions is possible. The port placement used in this @entity1 was efficient and without operative arm collisions. @entity1 with isolated upper-abdominal recurrence are candidates for robotic secondary cytoreduction.

title: Robotic-assisted resection of liver and diaphragm recurrent XXXX : description of technique.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar grasper']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver mass']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of @entity3478 are described and the clinical utility of MR imaging in @entity1 evaluation is reported. Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity75 were examined with a Picker MR imager (0.15-T resistive magnet). Twenty-five @entity1 had primary @entity5 , seven had @entity3478 , 15 had skeletal metastases, and five had @entity5 simulators. Forty-five @entity1 had CT scans available for comparison. For demonstrating the extent of @entity5 in marrow, MR was superior to CT in 33% of cases, about equal to CT in 64%, and inferior to CT in 2%. For delineating the extent of @entity5 in soft tissue, MR was superior to CT in 38% of cases and about equal to CT in 62%. CT was superior in all cases for demonstrating @entity730 and @entity174 . In four @entity1 with metal prostheses or surgical clips, MR was superior to CT in documenting recurrent @entity5 because of artifactual degradation of the CT image. Direct sagittal and coronal images from MR permit accurate assessment of the relationship of @entity5 to adjacent normal structures, including the physis, joints, and @entity531 . MR is useful in the evaluation of @entity3478 : it is of greatest value in evaluations of the peripheral skeleton, the medullary canal, soft tissues, and @entity86 recurrence. With a 0.15-T magnet, MR is less useful in the evaluation of the axial skeleton and cortical bone.

title: XXXX : magnetic resonance imaging versus computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathologic fractures']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors', 'benign bone neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific deposits']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['Bone tumors']


abstract: @entity565 is considered to be a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways and is highlighted by excessive airway narrowing in response to various stimuli. Subepithelial @entity82 and increased airway smooth muscle mass are characteristic pathological features of the disease. Airway remodelling in @entity565 involves cellular @entity1373 and @entity1184 of bronchial myocytes. Smooth muscle cells from a variety of tissues have been shown to be multifunctional mesenchymal cells capable of expressing considerable phenotypic plasticity in vivo in response to injury and pathological stimuli. The growth response of vascular smooth muscle cells following @entity1317 has been fairly well characterized, and it appears many of the chemical mediators responsible are common to the inflamed bronchi seen in asthmatics. Specific studies regarding the effects of phenotypic modulation of airway smooth muscle and the potential contribution of this phenomenon to the pathogenesis of @entity102 have not been carried out. Limited evidence, some indirect, suggests that contractile properties of smooth muscle from inflamed tissues are altered; if this is the case in @entity565 , then considerations of the effects of airway smooth @entity2086 should be broadened beyond that of only contributing to @entity2488 via an increase in bronchial wall thickness. Recruitment and modulation of smooth muscle cells to functionally different phenotypes, which contribute to @entity82 by secreting extracellular matrix materials and promote cellular @entity1373 by producing growth factors, are known to occur in atherogenic blood vessels; and evidence suggests that airway smooth muscle cells might play a similar role in @entity565 . We report the identification of markers of differentiation for airway smooth muscle cells. These markers should be useful tools in the elucidation of phenotypic heterogeneity of smooth muscle in asthmatic airways and, thereby, allow for the definition of a clearer role for bronchial smooth muscle cells in the pathogenesis of @entity102 .

title: Potential role for phenotypic modulation of bronchial smooth muscle cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The IOC encourages international federations to establish systematic @entity2587 and illness surveillance programmes. OBJECTIVE: To describe pattern of @entity130 and illnesses during the 24th @entity1 's Handball World Championship 2015 by implementing the @entity130 and illness surveillance protocol. METHODS: The medical staff of participating teams (n=24) were requested to report all new @entity130 and illnesses during matches and/or training on a daily basis throughout the event (15 January to 1 February, 2015). Exposure (number of player-hours) during all matches was calculated for all players (n=384) and for each of the 4 player positions ( @entity615 ). RESULTS: Medical staff of all teams submitted 96.7% (n=325) of the daily report forms. In total, 27.1% of the players were injured, and of the 132 @entity130 reported, 40% were time-loss @entity130 . The total incidence of @entity130 was 104.5 per 1000 player-hours. The highest risk of injury was found among line players, and more @entity130 occurred during the first half of the matches. The most frequent injury location was the ankle, followed by the thigh, knee and head/face. The majority of @entity130 were contusion, @entity6475 . In total, 10.9% of the players were affected by an illness during the event. Of the 42 cases recorded, 31 (73.8%) were reported as @entity1729 . CONCLUSIONS: The risk of injury in handball is high among Olympic sports. Preventive measures should focus on contusions, @entity3681 , and thigh muscle strains, as well as measures aimed to @entity1729 .

title: Injury and illness surveillance during the 24th XXXX 's Handball World Championship 2015 in Qatar.

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprains']

entities_list: @entity2587 :: ('MESH:D001265', 'Disease') :: ['athlete injury']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['wing, back, line and goalkeeper']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['sprain or strain']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['reduce upper respiratory tract infections', 'respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'IOC injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 is a life threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental @entity64 treatment. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a key pathological manifestation of @entity385 , and barrier repair is an innovative target for neurorestoration in @entity64 . Here, we evaluated via electron microscopy the ability of transplanted @entity1 bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (hBMEPCs) to repair the BBB in adult @entity35 subjected to transient @entity2500 (tMCAO).   -galactosidase pre-labeled hBMEPCs were intravenously transplanted 48 hours post-tMCAO. Ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in non-transplant @entity64 @entity35 revealed typical BBB pathology. At 5 days post-transplantation with hBMEPCs, @entity64 @entity35 displayed widespread vascular repair in bilateral striatum and motor cortex, characterized by robust cell engraftment within capillaries. hBMEPC transplanted @entity64 @entity35 exhibited near normal morphology of endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes, without detectable perivascular @entity4 . Near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in endothelial cells and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted @entity64 @entity35 . Equally notable, we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells. Robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hBMEPCs likely abrogated @entity64 -altered vasculature. Preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell-based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in BBB repair for @entity64 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Intravenously Transplanted @entity1 Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Engraft Within Brain Capillaries, Preserve Mitochondrial Morphology, and Display Pinocytotic Activity Towards BBB Repair in @entity385 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The correlation between @entity28 and incidence of complications in spine surgery is unclear, with some reports suggesting linear relationships between body mass index (BMI) and complication incidence and others noting no relationship. PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to assess the relationship between @entity28 and occurrence of perioperative complications in an elective thoracolumbar surgery cohort. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective observational cohort study at a tertiary care facility. @entity1 SAMPLE: Cohort of 87 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for degenerative thoracolumbar pathologies over a 6-month period (May to December 2008). OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of perioperative complications (those occurring within 30 days of surgery). METHODS: A prospective assessment of perioperative spine surgery complications was completed, and data were prospectively entered into a central database. Two independent auditors assessed for the presence and severity of perioperative complications. Previously validated binary definitions of major and minor complications were used. @entity1 data and early complications (those occurring within 30 days of index surgery) were analyzed using multivariate regression. RESULTS: Mean BMI in this cohort was 31.3; 40.8% of @entity1 were @entity28 (BMI>30) and 10 @entity1 (11.5%) were morbidly @entity28 (BMI>40). The overall complication incidence was 67%. Minor complications occurred in 50% of @entity1 , and major complications occurred in 17.8% of @entity1 . No positioning @entity912 occurred in this series. Age correlated with an increase in complication risk (p=.006) as did @entity101 (p=.004) and performance of a fusion (p<.0001). BMI did not correlate with the incidence of minor, major, or any complications (p=.58). CONCLUSIONS: This prospective assessment of perioperative complications in elective @entity179 shows no relationship between @entity1 BMI and the incidence of perioperative minor or major complications. Specific care in perioperative positioning may limit the risk of perioperative positioning @entity912 in @entity28 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and spine surgery: reassessment based on a prospective evaluation of perioperative complications in elective @entity179 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative thoracolumbar procedures']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: There is an increasing prevalence of @entity102 , including @entity209 in Indonesian older @entity1 . A cross sectional study was undertaken in Jakarta, Indonesia. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors of @entity209 in the elderly. The respondents were 395 elderly @entity1 and 161 elderly @entity1 , selected using multistage random sampling. Data collected included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, nutrient intake assessment, activity index and stress score. Discriminant analysis techniques were used to determine factors related to @entity209 in the elderly. In general elderly @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity209 than elderly @entity1 , 18.2% in @entity1 and 6.6% in @entity1 respectively. Discriminant analysis results showed that body mass index and serum total @entity165 were significant factors of @entity209 . The final discriminant model was Y = -8.231 + 0.200 BMI + 0.014 Total @entity165 (P = .000). The results show the importance of routine plasma lipid tests and anthropometric measurements in promoting continuing health of elderly @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in older Indonesians.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The cross-sectional associations of social class indicators with @entity301 prevalence and subclinical @entity731 were investigated among 15,800 @entity1 from four US communities between 1987 and 1989. Among @entity1 without clinical @entity731 , ultrasound-determined intimal-medial wall thickening of the carotid arteries was used as an indicator of subclinical @entity731 . Odds ratios for @entity301 prevalence and mean differences in carotid wall thickness were investigated before and after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. After adjustment for age and gender, the lowest income category was associated with a threefold increase in @entity301 odds compared with the highest category (for whites, odds ratio (OR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-6.6; for blacks, OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.2-4.8). Odds ratios increased linearly with decreasing income (p < 0.0001). Low education was also associated with increased odds of @entity301 after adjustment for age and gender, but the association was stronger in whites than in blacks (lowest category vs. highest: for whites, OR = 3.8, 95% CI 2.5-5.9; for blacks, OR = 1.7, 95% CI 0.9-3.1). Similar patterns were found for subclinical @entity731 : Carotid wall thickness increased with decreasing income and education, but trends by education were clearer in whites than in blacks. Lower occupational categories were also associated with increased @entity301 prevalence odds and increased carotid wall thickness. After adjustment for risk factors, associations with clinical @entity301 persisted but associations with carotid wall thickness disappeared, suggesting that factors related to the clinical expression of lesions may vary by social class. The process of atherogenesis and its clinical expression are patterned by social class, emphasizing the need to address social inequalities in the prevention of @entity65 .

title: Social inequalities and @entity731 . The XXXX risk in communities study.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute abdomen is a clinical diagnosis and not a definitive one. The use of ultrasound in management and diagnosis of acute abdomen is rarely invoked in our environment. The importance of definite diagnosis in surgical and medical management cannot be overemphasized OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ultrasound diagnosis of @entity698 . METHODS: A nine-year-old male @entity1 presented with @entity391 , vague @entity490 , @entity294 , and fever, which led to the following differential diagnoses; acute food @entity4968 , @entity1682 , @entity311 and @entity697 . He was investigated along these lines. He had abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan . RESULTS: The ultrasound showed evidence of @entity697 . The findings on CT and surgery confirmed the diagnosis. Post-operatively, he made uneventful recovery. CONCLUSION: The use of ultrasound in acute abdomen is rarely invoked in our environment which may lead to unquantifiable consequences both in management and complications.

title: Acute XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['retrocaecal appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poison gastro-enteritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid enteritis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['retrocaecal appendicitis']


abstract: The field of tissue engineering is severely limited by a lack of microvascularization in tissue engineered constructs. Biomimetic @entity968 hydrogels containing covalently immobilized platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) were developed to promote angiogenesis. @entity968 hydrogels resist protein absorption and subsequent non-specific cell adhesion, thus providing a "blank slate", which can be modified through the incorporation of cell adhesive ligands and growth factors. PDGF-BB is a key angiogenic protein able to support neovessel stabilization by inducing functional anastomoses and recruiting pericytes. Due to the widespread effects of PDGF in the body and a half-life of only 30 min in circulating blood, immobilization of PDGF-BB may be necessary. In this work bioactive, covalently immobilized PDGF-BB was shown to induce tubulogenesis on two-dimensional modified surfaces, migration in three-dimensional (3D) degradable hydrogels and angiogenesis in a @entity19 cornea micropocket angiogenesis assay. Covalently immobilized PDGF-BB was also used in combination with covalently immobilized @entity10245 , which led to significantly increased endothelial cell migration in 3D degradable hydrogels compared with the presentation of each factor alone. When a co-culture of endothelial cells and @entity19 pericyte precursor 10T1/2 cells was seeded onto modified surfaces tubule formation was independent of surface modifications with covalently immobilized growth factors. Furthermore, the combination of soluble PDGF-BB and immobilized PDGF-BB induced a more robust vascular response compared with soluble PDGF-BB alone when implanted into an in vivo @entity19 cornea micropocket angiogenesis assay. Based on these results, we believe bioactive hydrogels can be tailored to improve the formation of functional microvasculature for tissue engineering.

title: Covalently immobilized platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes angiogenesis in biomimetic XXXX hydrogels.

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Poly(ethylene glycol)', 'poly(ethylene glycol)']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity401 are characterised by the recruitment of mononuclear cells to disease sites where maturation occurs and activation products, including @entity16977 ( @entity16977 ), are released. Analysis of in vitro cell culture supernatants for activation products masks the functional heterogeneity of cell populations. It is therefore necessary to examine the secretion of activation products by single cells to assess whether the activation of newly recruited mononuclear phagocytes at the sites of disease in the lung is uniform and controlled by the local microenvironment. METHODS: The reverse haemolytic plaque assay was used to evaluate, at a single cell level, the ability of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from seven @entity1 with @entity370 to activate Ficoll-Hypaque-separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by comparison with BAL fluid from six normal volunteers and nine @entity1 with @entity785 . Monolayers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and @entity742 red blood cells were cultured either alone or in the presence of 20% (v/v) BAL fluid with a polyclonal anti- @entity16977 antibody. @entity16977 /anti- @entity16977 complexes bound to red blood cells surrounding the secreting cells were disclosed following complement lysis of red blood cells and quantification of plaque dimensions using microscopy and image analysis. RESULTS: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from all the @entity1 with @entity370 increased @entity16977 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with unstimulated mononuclear cells. By contrast, BAL fluid from the other individuals had no effect on @entity16977 secretion. CONCLUSIONS: Single cells activated by BAL fluid can be evaluated by the reverse haemolytic plaque assay. BAL fluid from @entity1 with @entity370 , but not from @entity1 with @entity785 or normal individuals, contains components capable of activating mononuclear phagocytes to secrete @entity16977 .

title: Activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from @entity1 with XXXX : visualisation of single cell activation products.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['Interstitial lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: In @entity35 an @entity302 -like spontaneous neocortical activity in the form of bursts of @entity11228 ( @entity11228 ) develops gradually with age. High incidence of the @entity11228 episodes is accompanied by other indices characteristic of advanced age: memory disturbances and atrophic changes within basal forebrain structures (Buzsaki et al. 1988b, Gage et al. 1988). Accordingly, it has been proposed that the number and duration of the @entity11228 episodes be regarded as a diagnostic marker to distinguish between young and old brains (Buzsaki et al. 1988a). It is suspected that exposure to @entity2359 may accelerate the progress of age-related @entity179 by predisposing neurons to premature death and thus hasten the appearance of the age-related functional deficits (Weiss 1990). Analysing the development of @entity11228 activity in exposed @entity35 may be helpful for an assessment of the potency of the neurotoxin under study to exert such an effect. In the present work the influence of a three-month exposure to a model neurotoxin, @entity1068 ( @entity167 ), on the development of the @entity11228 activity in imp-DAK @entity35 was investigated. It has been found that in @entity35 given 10% @entity167 solution as the only drink for three months, the incidence of the @entity11228 episodes increased markedly. The increase was most clearly seen after @entity167 withdrawal and on the 90th day after exposure no tendency to decline could be observed. The obtained data indicate that exposure to exogenous substances may exert a distinguishable long-lasting influence on the development of the @entity11228 activity.

title: Development of the age-related spontaneous spike-wave discharges in XXXX neocortex and exposure to a model neurotoxin.

entities_list: @entity11228 :: ('MESH:C535500', 'Disease') :: ['spike and wave discharges', 'SWD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rats', 'laboratory rats']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxins']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of approximately 60% of all @entity1 genes. They play important roles in numerous cellular processes, including development, proliferation, and apoptosis. Currently, it is believed that miRNAs elicit their effect by silencing the expression of target genes. In this study, the authors demonstrated that miRNA-205 (miR-205) induced the expression the interleukin (IL) @entity5 suppressor genes @entity21019 and @entity9650 by targeting specific sites in their promoters. METHODS: The methods used in this study included transfection of small RNAs; quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; in situ hybridization; fluorescence-labeled in situ hybridization; cell cycle, apoptosis, cell viability, migratory, clonability, and invasion assays; immunoblotting; and luciferase reporter, nuclear run-on, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS: The results revealed that miR-205 was silenced in @entity263 . Its re-expression induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. It also impaired cell growth, @entity4222 , clonability, and invasiveness of @entity263 cells. @entity16106 induced the expression of @entity5 suppressor genes @entity21019 and @entity9650 at both the messenger RNA and protein levels. The induction of in vitro transcription and enrichment of markers for transcriptionally active promoters in the @entity21019 and @entity9650 genes was observed in response to miR-205. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a new function for miR-205 was identified that specifically activated @entity5 suppressor genes by targeting specific sites in their promoters. These results corroborate a newly identified function that miRNAs have in regulating gene expression at the transcriptional level. The specific activation of @entity5 suppressor genes (eg, @entity21019 , @entity9650 ) or other dysregulated genes by miRNA may contribute to a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of @entity263 .

title: MicroRNA-205-directed transcriptional activation of @entity5 suppressor genes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The incidence of @entity706 in the US and Puerto Rico among 13,600 @entity1 is reported by histologic subtypes according to the Working Formulation. The most frequent histologic types were intermediate grades (five per 100,000 among whites, three per 100,000 among blacks, and two per 100,000 among Puerto Rican Hispanics). Low-grade types were next in frequency (2.7 per 100,000 in whites, 1.5 per 100,000 in blacks, and one per 100,000 in Puerto Rican Hispanics). More than 95% of @entity1 had @entity1893 , and of these, intermediate-grade @entity706 occurred in 65% of @entity1 . High-grade types were infrequent in all ethnic groups. The incidence among @entity1 was significantly greater than among @entity1 in all ethnic groups. There was a distinct peak for small noncleaved cell type among white @entity1 but not @entity1 . For all other histologic types, there was a conspicuous absence of a young adult component, with incidence increasing steadily with age. No evidence for seasonal fluctuation in month of diagnosis was found. This delineation of incidence by histologic groupings, sex, and ethnic group will facilitate future studies using the Working Formulation.

title: Incidence of XXXX in the US classified by the working formulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-or intermediate-grade lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: We carried out a questionnaire survey concerning @entity132 , among nursing home @entity1 . The answers were obtained from 1,038 elderly including 355 males and 683 females. Ages, spanned 50-99, with an average age of 79.1. Of the 1,038 respondents which we obtained through our survey for management of urination, 35.8% of the total said that they are able to urinate without @entity322 . Those able to urinate with @entity322 accounted for 23.6% of the total. However, 40% of all @entity1 required an adult diaper throughout the day to control their urinary functions. @entity1 suffering from @entity16 accounted for 70% of respondents, and a correlation was seen between the extent of @entity303 and ADL, and excretory control. Urinary functioning in both @entity1 and @entity1 was found to grow increasingly difficult with age, and medical problems involving urinary difficulty appear to increase with the advance of the aging process. The representative groups for this survey were limited to elderly @entity1 in nursing homes, many of whom suffer from @entity16 such as @entity385 . It was found that both male and female @entity1 experience a variety of @entity132 .

title: [A questionnaire survey on @entity322 and XXXX in the institutionalized elderly with senile dementia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['urinary disturbances']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['urinary disturbances']


abstract: Various common surgeries such as thoracotomy and @entity169 repair involve essential prolonged tissue retraction, often causing persistent @entity282 . A new model was developed to mimic this clinical scenario, whereby skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) in the medial thigh evoked persistent @entity282 (Flatters (2008) [Pain 135:119-130]). This study examines the response of SMIR-evoked mechanical @entity56 to analgesic standards commonly used as positive controls in behavioural @entity158 studies. @entity35 were anaesthetised, the skin and superficial muscle of the medial thigh was then incised and retracted for 1h. In separate experiments, @entity1286 , @entity2682 and @entity3390 were intraperitoneally administered to SMIR-operated @entity35 , at maximally tolerated doses, on postoperative day 9-13. Mechanical @entity56 was measured by withdrawal responses to von Frey stimulation of the plantar hindpaws. @entity1286 (6mg/kg) and @entity2682 (100mg/kg) elicited an almost complete reversal of SMIR-evoked mechanical @entity56 . In contrast, @entity3390 (0.1mg/kg) did not affect SMIR-evoked mechanical @entity56 . Contralateral hindpaw responses to von Frey stimulation were unaffected by SMIR surgery or any drug treatment. In conclusion, the SMIR model displays persistent mechanical @entity56 that is reversible by @entity1286 or @entity2682 treatment. As previously demonstrated, SMIR-evoked @entity158 is not driven by neuronal damage and these data show that @entity143 receptor activation does not play a role in the maintenance of SMIR-evoked @entity158 . This study further demonstrates the value of the SMIR model as a tool to understand persistent postoperative/postsurgical @entity158 mechanisms and evaluate potential treatments.

title: Effect of analgesic standards on persistent XXXX evoked by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR).

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: Tylorrhynchus cyanomethemoglobin reduced with @entity3902 was separated by chromatofocusing into four @entity1446 -containing polypeptide chains (I, IIA, IIB, and IIC) and a non- @entity1446 chain (N). The molecular weights of @entity2195 were confirmed to be the same by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis in @entity3208 on a 10-20% gradient gel. The molecular weight of chain IIC was determined to be 17,415 (including @entity1446 ) from the @entity535 sequence. @entity8664 constitutes less than 5% of the total protein and has the same @entity2733 -terminal sequence, suggesting that it is derived from chain IIA during the isolation procedure. Tylorrhynchus hemoglobin consists of two types of subunit with molecular weights of 16,327 (chain I) and approximately 50,000, and the latter splits into chains IIA-C in the presence of a reducing agent. On the basis of the accurate value obtained for the molecular mass of chain IIC, it was concluded that the subunit of approximately 50,000 daltons is a trimer of @entity1446 -containing chains IIA, IIB, and IIC linked by @entity1520 bonds. The @entity462 residue at position 5 and the @entity369 at position 10 are conserved in the four @entity1446 -containing chains of Tylorrhynchus hemoglobin. The complete sequence of 149 residues of Tylorrhynchus chain IIC was determined. This sequence shows high homology with Tylorrhynchus chain I ( @entity6953 , T., Takagi, T., and Gotoh, T. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Acta 708, 253-258) and Lumbricus chain AIII (Garlick, R. L., and Riggs, A. F. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 9005-9015).

title: Subunit structure of extracellular hemoglobin from the polychaete Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus and XXXX sequence of the constituent polypeptide chain (IIC).

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['chains IIA-C and N']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Study of the J.M. strain of @entity778 in @entity1 amnionic and HeLa cell tissue cultures revealed the presence of intranuclear crystals composed of viral particles with a single membrane enclosing a central body. Randomly dispersed virus with double coats was seen in the nuclear matrix and between multiple membranes at the nuclear periphery. The majority of intracytoplasmic viral particles were within walled vacuoles. It is suggested that this strain of virus differentiates and frequently crystallizes at template sites which are characterized by aggregates of granules near the nuclear margin; that particles, either singly or occasionally in small groups, become enclosed by a second peripheral membrane while still within the nucleus; that the virus can pass into the cytoplasm through reduplications of the nuclear membrane which are deposited behind the virus in such a manner as to prevent @entity397 of the nucleus; that most of the intracytoplasmic virus is contained within sacks formed by nuclear membranes; and that @entity397 of these sacks at the cell surface results in extrusion of virus without disruption of the cell. No evidence was obtained to support the hypothesis that virus develops in the cytoplasm. Examination of the H.R. and C.G. strains of @entity778 in identical cell lines grown under similar conditions failed to show viral crystals, but reduplication of the nuclear membranes was evident. Study of the J.M. strain in cells of @entity1573 embryo chorioallantoic membranes indicated that the basic mechanisms of viral development and release did not differ from those operating in HeLa and @entity1 amnionic cells.

title: Electron microscopic observations on the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex virus']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex virus']


abstract: Authors present early results of Scorpio @entity1950 prosthesis in primary and revision total knee arthoplasty due to aseptic and septic loosening. 26 arthroplasties were performed on 25 @entity1 . There were 19 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 of age from 37 to 80 (average 68.4 years). 11 @entity1 from this group were operated because of septic loosening. The follow up from 2 to 22 months (average 11 months). Early results were access according to Clinical Rating System of The Knee Society: 19 @entity1 had very good and good (73%) including primaries, 1 satisfactory (4%) and 6 poor (23%) results. The satisfactory and poor results were obtained in 7 cases with septic loosening who had had four or more previous operations on the knee. Four of them had instability of prosthesis and we changed it for MRH type. In one case due to reinfection and @entity295 amputation above the knee was performed. In another @entity1 @entity2091 @entity174 below stem and loosening of tibial component occurs after 6 months of revision. ORIF gave @entity174 union after 8 months and exchange Scorpio @entity1950 to MRH was performed. In two cases the wound problems occurred and was solved. There were no reinfection and aseptic loosening in another cases. We didn't notice any @entity715 complications.

title: [Scorpio XXXX prosthesis in severe deformity and revision knee arthroplasty--preliminary report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1950 :: (MESH:C536962,Disease) :: ['TS']


abstract: The short-acting @entity2162 agonists (b(2)-agonists), such as @entity3045 , are effective bronchodilators used to treat @entity565 . They lack significant anti-inflammatory effect in vivo as well as on isolated alveolar macrophages even though they exhibit this effect on freshly isolated monocytes. The purpose of this study was to determine if this observation is related to a change in the expression and/or function of surface b(2)-receptors during the differentiation of these cells to macrophages. Purified monocytes, cultured for 1-48 h were pre-treated with the b(2)-agonists ( @entity3045 or @entity11610 ) or @entity1421 before being stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subsequently, the amount of TNF-a (a typical inflammatory mediator) released over 24 h, as well as agonist-stimulated @entity268 , were determined by enzyme immunoassays. Western blotting techniques were used to study the expression of the membrane b(2)-receptor protein. Results showed that in freshly isolated @entity1 monocytes, both the b(2)-agonists and @entity1421 significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-a release as well as increased intracellular @entity268 . After culturing adherent monocytes for 24-48 h, the ability of the b(2)-agonists to produce both effects was completely lost, whereas that of @entity1421 was essentially intact. Western blotting data showed a near complete loss of surface expression of b(2)-receptors in cells cultured for >= 24 h. These results show that as @entity1 monocytes adhere to surfaces to begin differentiation into macrophages, they selectively lose their surface b(2)-receptors and hence become insensitive to the anti-inflammatory effect of b(2)-agonists. This may explain why b(2)-agonists lack significant anti-inflammatory effect on alveolar macrophages or in clinical @entity565 .

title: Loss of surface beta-2 adrenoceptors accounts for the insensitivity of cultured @entity1 monocytes to XXXX agonists.

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2 adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity11610 :: ('MESH:D017265', 'Chemical') :: ['procaterol']

answer: @entity2162 :: (154,Gene) :: ['beta-2 adrenoceptor']


abstract: The term @entity209 ( @entity15 ) refers to a conglomeration of many @entity209 . Recent studies suggest that @entity32 plays a vital role in @entity15 . There are however no data available on the recently characterized novel T-cell-derived cytokine interleukin (IL)-17 in @entity15 ; studies on the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-b are also limited. The aim of the study was to look at @entity4155 and @entity2533 levels in subjects with and without @entity15 . The study subjects were recruited from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), a population-based study in Chennai (formerly Madras) in southern India. Group 1 consisted of subjects without @entity15 ( @entity15 ) (n = 98) and group 2 consisted of subjects with @entity15 (n = 156). @entity15 was defined using the National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for waist, according to the World Health Organization Asia Pacific guidelines. Serum @entity4155 and @entity2533 levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Interleukin-17 levels were decreased (P < .001) and @entity2533 levels (P < .001) were increased in subjects with @entity15 compared to those without. With an increase in the number of metabolic risk factors, the @entity4155 levels showed a decline, whereas the @entity2533 levels showed an increase (P < .001). With respect to individual components of @entity15 , @entity2533 and @entity4155 showed a significant association with blood pressure and blood @entity413 even after adjusting for age and sex. We report that @entity4155 levels are decreased, whereas @entity2533 levels are increased, among Asian Indians with @entity15 .

title: Decreased serum interleukin-17 and increased transforming growth factor-b levels in subjects with XXXX (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study-95).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Thirty-two stage IV @entity1 and one stage III @entity1 with evaluable @entity0 received treatment with @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity786 . One @entity1 was unevaluable because of @entity204 . Twenty-two of 32 @entity1 (69%) achieved complete or partial remissions and seven (22%) stabilized, including two (6%) minor responses. One of the three (9%) @entity1 failing treatment had had extensive prior chemotherapy. Five of seven @entity1 over the age of 70 years achieved partial remissions. A sixth had a minor response. Three of five performance status 3 and one of two performance status 4 @entity1 responded. Overall response rate (p less than 0.01) and complete remission rate (p less than 0.05) were greatest in soft tissue disease. @entity3028 was dose-limiting, and recommended starting doses are @entity5713 4 mg/m2, @entity632 40 mg/m2, and @entity786 400 mg/m2. These doses produce @entity3028 in the majority of @entity1 , but recovery is rapid. Overall, this is a well-tolerated regimen comparable in efficacy to other @entity632 -containing combinations. Use of standard white blood count criteria instead of granulocyte criteria for determining dose alterations and time of retreatment would have resulted in markedly excessive dose reductions and treatment delays and in a marked reduction in permitted dose escalations. This could potentially have reduced the response rate.

title: @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity786 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['Granulocytopenia', 'granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether epidural administration of @entity10748 results in spinal @entity1337 or clinical benefit when compared with intravenous administration. Therefore, we undertook this study to determine whether epidural administration of @entity10748 resulted in decreased opioid requirement, improved @entity1337 , reduced side effects, more rapid return of gastrointestinal function, or shorter duration of hospital stay than intravenous administration. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive either intravenous or epidural @entity10748 via @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 (PCA) for @entity86 . All @entity1 underwent a standardized combined epidural and general anesthetic and all received @entity6058 for 72 h postoperatively. To decrease variability, @entity1 were cared for according to a standardized protocol and were deemed ready for discharge according to prospectively defined criteria. RESULTS: @entity1 in the intravenous PCA group required approximately twice as much opioid than the epidural PCA group (P < 0.008), but there were no differences between groups in @entity158 scores or @entity1 satisfaction. Epidural administration resulted in a greater incidence of @entity111 (P = 0.02). Gastrointestinal function recovered quickly in all @entity1 with little variation, and there were no differences between groups. All @entity1 were deemed ready for discharge by the third postoperative day, and removal of surgical drains was the last discharge criterion reached in all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that epidural administration of @entity10748 results in spinally mediated @entity1337 . However, epidural administration did not provide significant benefits in terms of @entity86 , recovery of gastrointestinal function, or duration of hospitalization. Furthermore, we suggest that radical retropubic prostatectomy no longer be used as a model to assess the effects of analgesic technique on postoperative recovery, because control of discharge criteria revealed that hospital discharge was primarily dependent on removal of surgical drains.

title: Intravenous versus epidural administration of XXXX . Effects on @entity1337 and recovery after radical retropubic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

answer: @entity10748 :: (MESH:D004091,Chemical) :: ['hydromorphone']


abstract: Hippocampal functions, e.g. synaptic plasticity and hippocampal-dependent behavior, are influenced by the circulating levels of ovarian @entity230 in adult, female @entity35 . The mechanisms underlying this @entity53 -dependent modulation, however, are poorly understood. One possibility is that @entity53 alters @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor functioning in the hippocampus. Here, using the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation, we evaluate @entity53 -dependent changes in the @entity143 receptor- and the @entity140 receptor-mediated components of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked in @entity1249 by Schaffer collateral test stimulation. Using established experimental conditions [J Neurosci 17 (1997) 1848], we replicate the observation that @entity53 pretreatment of ovariectomized @entity35 increases a pharmacologically isolated @entity143 receptor-mediated EPSP evoked by Schaffer collateral stimulation. However, using different conditions that optimize study of this evoked response, the @entity53 -dependent increase in the monosynaptic @entity143 receptor-mediated EPSP is eliminated. Low-intensity test stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals in this optimized medium reveals a novel, late @entity143 receptor-mediated EPSP in @entity1249 from @entity53 -pretreated @entity35 . The mechanism(s) underlying this @entity53 -dependent increase in a late, @entity143 receptor-mediated EPSP is not known, but enhanced @entity1249 - @entity1249 excitatory circuitry and @entity2227 spillover could contribute to this response. We conclude that @entity53 pretreatment enhances @entity143 receptor function in the female hippocampus by increasing not the monosynaptic, but rather a late @entity143 receptor-mediated response. Variations in the magnitude of this late response may well contribute to ovarian @entity134 -dependent modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.

title: XXXX increases delayed, @entity1024 receptor-mediated excitation in the hippocampal @entity1249 region.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['Estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) eventually leads to severe functional decline and @entity734 . Specialized care units for @entity191 @entity1 in need of permanent care are lacking. METHODS: @entity1 with severe @entity191 are referred to the @entity191 permanent care unit harboring 30 @entity1 with specialized medical and health care provided by trained staff. @entity1 need to have intensive medical and care needs, and be no longer able to stay at home or at an ordinary institution. A written and continuously reviewed care plan is made for each @entity1 at admission, with the overriding aim to preserve quality of life and optimize functionality. RESULTS: After five years, the @entity191 permanent care unit has cared for 70 @entity1 (36 @entity1 and 34 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 76.6 years and a mean duration of @entity304 of 11.8 years. Hoehn and Yahr severity of disease was 3.7, cognition was 25.3 (Mini-Mental State Examination), and the mean daily levodopa dose was 739 mg. The yearly fatality rate was seven, and the mean duration of stay was 26.9 months. Only five @entity1 moved out from the unit. CONCLUSION: A specially designed and staffed care unit for @entity304 @entity1 seems to fill a need for @entity1 and caregivers, as well as for social and health care authorities. This model is sensitive to the changing needs and capacities of @entity1 , ensuring that appropriate services are available in a timely manner. There was a rather short duration of @entity1 stay and remaining life span after admission to the unit. Despite the chronic/palliative state of @entity1 at the @entity191 permanent care unit, there are many therapeutic options, with the overriding objective being to allow the @entity1 to end their days in a professional and comfortable environment.

title: XXXX permanent care unit: managing the chronic-palliative interface.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A 51-year-old suddenly developed severe @entity662 . The diagnosis was acute @entity1580 of Stanford type A, but the dissecting space was not observed by enhanced CT scan. Medical treatment was started as early thrombosed @entity1580 . The blood pressure was sufficiently controlled, and the symptom was gradually improved. On the 8th hospital day, a severe @entity662 appeared again, Enhanced CT scan showed an enlarged dissecting space, pericardial and @entity1143 . These findings were considered a redissected impending @entity397 , so the emergency operation was performed. Fresh clots were observed in the dissecting space of ascending aorta, but the intimal tear was not found in any portion of the examined aorta. Therefore total arch replacement was needed to resect the wall which may be responsible for the dissection and to reduce the residual dissecting space. The @entity1 recovered without complications. Postoperative CT scan revealed no residual false lumen in the distal descending aorta.

title: [A case of total arch replacement for redissected impending XXXX of early thrombosed @entity1580 without intimal tear detectable at operation].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest and back pains', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and purpose - @entity1 with @entity170 who present with an acute onset of @entity615 often have multiple @entity174 on plain radiographs. Differentiation of an @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) from previous @entity174 is difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of concomitant AOVFs and previous OVFs in @entity1 with symptomatic AOVFs, and to identify risk factors for concomitant AOVFs. @entity1 and methods - This was a prospective epidemiological study based on the Registry of Pathological @entity3604 (REPAPORA) with 1,005 @entity1 and 2,874 @entity3604 , which has been running since February 1, 2006. Concomitant @entity174 are defined as at least 2 acute short-tau inversion recovery (STIR-) positive @entity174 that happen concomitantly. A previous @entity174 is a STIR-negative @entity174 at the time of initial diagnostics. Logistic regression was used to examine the influence of various variables on the incidence of concomitant @entity174 . Results - More than 99% of @entity3604 occurred in the thoracic and lumbar spine. The incidence of concomitant @entity174 at the time of first @entity1 contact was 26% and that of previous @entity174 was 60%. The odds ratio (OR) for concomitant @entity174 decreased with a higher number of previous @entity174 (OR =0.86; p = 0.03) and higher dual-energy X- @entity16039 absorptiometry T-score (OR =0.72; p = 0.003). Interpretation - Concomitant and previous @entity3604 are common. Risk factors for concomitant @entity174 are a low T-score and a low number of previous @entity174 in cases of @entity3604 . An MRI scan of the the complete thoracic and lumbar spine with STIR sequence reduces the risk of under-diagnosis and under-treatment.

title: Concomitant and previous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures', 'osteoporotic vertebral fracture', 'osteoporotic vertebral fractures', 'acute osteoporotic vertebral fracture', 'AOVF']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'vertebral fractures']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic vertebral fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1468 ( @entity1468 ) is a common maternal disease that complicates 5 to 10% of pregnancies and remains as the major cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Cost-effective interventions aimed at preventing the development of @entity1468 are urgently needed. However, the pathogenesis of @entity1468 is not well known. Multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, @entity409 and @entity2690 resistance may contribute to its development. Regular aerobic exercise recovers endothelial function; improves @entity2690 resistance and decreases oxidative stress. Therefore the purpose of this clinical trial is to determine the effect of regular aerobic exercise on endothelial function, on @entity2690 resistance and on pregnancy outcome. METHODS AND DESIGN: 64 pregnant @entity1 will be included in a blind, randomized clinical trial, and parallel assignment. The exercise group will do regular aerobic physical exercise: walking (10 minutes), aerobic exercise (30 minutes), stretching (10 minutes) and relaxation exercise (10 minutes) in three sessions per week. Control group will do the activities of daily living (bathing, dressing, eating, and walking) without counselling from a physical therapist. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00741312.

title: Clinical trial to assess the effect of physical exercise on endothelial function and XXXX resistance in pregnant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia', 'Preeclampsia', 'PE']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Rituximab-induced B-cell depletion has been proven to be a useful therapy for @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ). The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rituximab in the treatment of 36 @entity1 with @entity5506 refractory to several treatments. These @entity1 had received a median of four (one to eight) previous treatments, and 13 @entity1 had undergone splenectomy. Rituximab was administered by intravenous infusion at a dose of 375 mg/m(2) once weekly for four doses in 29 @entity1 , and 7 @entity1 received one to six doses. Overall, 28 (77%) of 36 @entity1 achieved response. Twenty-two @entity1 (61%) reached a complete response (CR), and 6 @entity1 (16%) obtained a partial response. All @entity1 that reached CR (61%) were able to maintain the response during more than 6 months, with a median follow-up of 14 months (1-86 months). Sixteen @entity1 maintained response for more than 1 year. The predictors of maintained response were achievement of CR and negative Coombs test result. Splenectomized @entity1 showed a better response rate than those nonsplenectomized. @entity2408 was well tolerated, and only one @entity1 presented a transitory rash during infusion. Rituximab induced clinical responses in multitreated severe refractory both warm and cold @entity5506 @entity1 with @entity137 , and consequently, this therapy should be considered as an early therapeutic option in this setting.

title: Rituximab is an effective and safe therapeutic alternative in adults with refractory and severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2408 :: ('CHEBI:64357', 'Chemical') :: ['Rituximab']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is the most representative form of @entity788 . @entity1124 solid @entity5 are constituted of heterogeneous populations of cells including @entity5 stem cells (CSCs), differentiated @entity5 cells, @entity2269 and immune cells. The identification and consequent isolation of pancreatic CSCs facilitated the generation of genetically engineered @entity19 models. Nonetheless, the current models may not be representative for the spontaneous @entity5 occurrence. In the present study, we show the generation of a novel pancreatic iPSC-converted @entity5 stem cell lines (CSCcm) as a cutting-edge model for the study of @entity1124 . The CSCcm lines were achieved only by the influence of @entity788 cell lines conditioned medium and were not subjected to any genetic manipulation. The xenografts @entity5 from CSCcm lines displayed histopathological features of ADM, PanIN and @entity1124 lesions. Further molecular characterization from RNA-sequencing analysis highlighted primary culture cell lines (1(st) CSCcm) as potential candidates to represent the pancreatic CSCs and indicated the establishment of the @entity788 molecular pattern in their subsequent progenies 2(nd) CSCcm and 3(rd) CSCcm. In addition, preliminary RNA-seq SNPs analysis showed that the distinct CSCcm lines did not harbour single point mutations for the oncogene Kras codon 12 or 13. Therefore, @entity1124 -CSCcm model may provide new insights about the actual occurrence of the @entity788 leading to develop different approaches to target CSCs and abrogate the progression of this @entity66 .

title: A new @entity1124 @entity19 model originated from iPSCs-converted XXXX stem cells (CSCcm).

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fatidic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few available treatments for hormone @entity263 . Through the inhibition of integrins, @entity25225 (CN) effects @entity5 cell growth directly as well as through the inhibition of angiogenesis. The effect of CN in combination with @entity1205 on @entity263 cell lines in vitro and in vivo is evaluated in the present study. METHODS: FACS analysis of integrin expression, assessment of CN and @entity1205 exposure on viability of @entity5 cells, and scratch test migration analysis were performed on PC-3 @entity263 cells. CN and @entity1205 inhibition of both @entity263 cell lines were evaluated in a @entity19 xenograft bone model. Angiogenic activity in @entity5 were assessed using IHC with antibodies to @entity2279 . RESULTS: Cell culture experiments indicate that the combination of @entity1205 and CN inhibits growth in an additive fashion. FACS analysis of PC-3 cells shows expression of alpha5beta1 and alphavbeta5 integrins, but little expression of the alphavbeta3. CN showed complete inhibition of PC-3 migration in cultures grown on matrigel plates. In @entity19 xenograft bone models, CN with @entity1205 showed increased inhibition of both PC-3 and CWR-22 derived @entity5 . Analysis of treated xenograft @entity5 showed significantly decreased expression of @entity2279 indicating suppression of angiogenesis.

title: The disintegrin @entity25225 in combination with XXXX is a potent inhibitor of @entity263 in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PC-3 and CWR-22 prostate cancer', 'refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity25225 :: ('MESH:C403494', 'Chemical') :: ['contortrostatin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['plated cancer', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: New insights into the autoimmune basis for @entity5343 have come from identification of at least three P450 cytochrome enzymes as autoantigens, each having distinct associations with @entity5343 as @entity12010 . Enzymes are tissue-restricted proteins which are the frequent targets of @entity792 in other organ-specific diseases (Editorial, 1992), and it seems likely that further P450 enzymes could be involved in the pathogenesis of other components of these syndromes. How @entity16 is initiated remains unclear. Adrenal autoantibodies may have a pathogenic role, as yet obscure, or could arise secondary to T cell-mediated tissue damage, although it seems highly likely that the same autoantigen provokes cell-mediated and humoral @entity792 . Sharing of autoantigens between @entity10163 , particularly the side-chain cleavage enzyme, is one explanation for the close association of @entity2670 and @entity5343 , but other, more common forms of @entity2670 exist. Their further definition will come from identification of the autoantigens involved. By analogy with animal models, @entity784 is likely to be central to pathogenesis. The evidence for antibodies blocking hormone receptors in @entity11157 is meagre at present, but the availability of recombinant LH and FSH receptors should clarify this issue. HLA-DR3 is associated with almost all @entity792 , and this is particularly striking in @entity12010 . However, there is no such association with @entity12010 ; the most likely genetic candidate in this condition is at a locus controlling T cell development. Although the adrenal and ovarian autoimmune processes in @entity12010 and 2 may be distinct, the characterization of the gene involved in @entity12010 will have major implications for our understanding of @entity792 .

title: Autoimmunity to steroid-producing cells and familial polyendocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal damage']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell-mediated injury']

entities_list: @entity10163 :: ('MESH:D000307', 'Disease') :: ['ovary and adrenal glands']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ["Addison's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure', 'ovarian autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['APS type 2', 'part of the APS type 1 or 2 syndrome', 'APS type 1']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune endocrine disease', 'autoimmune endocrinopathies']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: Pathological skin picking is characterized by dysfunctional, repetitive and excessive manipulation of the skin resulting in noticeable tissue damage. This study sought to assess the effectiveness of @entity837 in treating pathological skin picking. Twenty-nine individuals with pathological skin picking were enrolled in an 18-week, open-label trial of @entity837 . Study measures assessing skin picking severity and impact, @entity148 , @entity308 , and quality of life were given at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, and 18. The mean maximally tolerated dose was 25.0 mg (standard deviation=8.4). For the 19 study completers, pre-post-treatment analyses revealed significant improvements (P<0.05) on measures of skin picking severity and impact, quality of life, and self-rated @entity148 and @entity308 . Completer as well as intent-to-treat analyses indicated that approximately half of the sample satisfied full medication response criteria and one-quarter were partial medication responders. Correlational analyses indicated that changes in @entity308 , @entity148 , and quality of life co-occurred with reductions in skin picking severity but not impact. A high percentage of variance in severity, however, remained unexplained. These results suggest that @entity837 can be an effective agent in reducing pathological skin picking. The lack of medication response in a subset of our sample suggests the possibility of pathological skin picking subtypes.

title: Open-label XXXX treatment for pathological skin picking.

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['escitalopram']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the capability and reliability of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in the assessment of disease activity in @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: DCE-MRI of the clinically more affected wrist or hip joints was undertaken in 21 @entity1 , coupled with standard clinical assessment and biochemical analysis. Synovial @entity32 was assessed by computing the maximum level of synovial enhancement (ME), the maximum rate of enhancement (MV) and the rate of early enhancement (REE) from the enhancement curves generated from region of interest independently delineated by two readers in the area of the ME. Correlations between dynamic parameters and clinical measures of disease activity, and static @entity603 score were investigated. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity625 , REE correlated with the wrist swelling score (r(s) = 0.72), ESR (r(s) = 0.69), @entity158 assessment scale (r(s) = 0.63) and childhood HAQ (r(s) = 0.60). In @entity1 with @entity625 , ME correlated with the hip limitation of motion (r(s) = 0.69). Static @entity603 score based on post- @entity2287 enhancement correlated with MV (r(s) = 0.63) in @entity1 with @entity625 and with ME (r = 0.68) in those with @entity625 . The inter-reader agreement assessed by intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for ME, MV and REE (ICC = 0.98, 0.97 and 0.84, respectively) was excellent. CONCLUSIONS: DCE-MRI represents a promising method for the assessment of disease activity in @entity4932 , especially in @entity1 with @entity625 . As far as we know, this study is the first to demonstrate the feasibility, reliability and construct validity of DCE-MRI in @entity4932 . These results should be confirmed in large-scale longitudinal studies in view of its further application in therapeutic decision making and in clinical trials.

title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of disease activity in XXXX with @entity4932 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['wrist arthritis', 'hip arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['MRI synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Our objective was to investigate whether the previously-described neurocognitive pattern in @entity1 with @entity2689 is found in childhood and adolescence; we used a prospective, controlled study of neurocognitive development in @entity1 with @entity2689 . The @entity1 included 56 @entity1 with @entity2689 , and 100 normal age- and verbal IQ-matched female control subjects, whose ages ranged from 6-14 years. All @entity1 with @entity2689 and the normal control @entity1 received a battery of neurocognitive tests designed to evaluate the following domains: general cognition, memory, academic achievement, language, @entity227 , @entity227 , attention, and affect recognition. Our results demonstrated consistent findings in @entity2689 @entity1 across the age range studied. In general, the @entity2689 @entity1 resembled control subjects in terms of verbal and language abilities. We found relatively depressed performance IQ and a significant verbal IQ-performance IQ difference. Significant differences were observed on examination of nonverbal abilities. The @entity2689 @entity1 performed more poorly than control @entity1 on 1) tests of @entity227 including the Beery Test of Visual-Motor Integration, the Perceptual Organization Factor, and the Rey-Osterrieth Figures; 2) tests of @entity227 , including the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test; 3) tests of attention, including the Freedom From Distractibility Factor; and 4) the Affective Prosody Affect Recognition Test. @entity2689 subjects showed evidence of multifocal or diffuse right @entity75 and deficits generally involving nonverbal skills that may be due to X chromosome monosomy, @entity444 , or both. Future studies will examine the role of @entity172 replacement on cognitive function in @entity2689 individuals.

title: XXXX : neurodevelopmental changes from childhood through adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual-spatial/perceptual skills', 'visual-motor skills', 'visual-spatial skills']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Ullrich-Turner syndrome', 'Ullrich-Turner']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Ullrich-Turner syndrome']


abstract: Twenty-eight @entity1 with gynecologic @entity5 receiving combination chemotherapy containing @entity900 (80 mg/m2) entered into a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of medical vagotomy for acute @entity900 -induced @entity391 . Medical vagotomy consisted of 0.5 mg of @entity3897 and 50 mg of @entity4033 , and was injected three times at two hour intervals intramuscularly. A good antiemetic effect (no @entity391 during the 24 hours after @entity900 administration) was obtained in 40% (6/15) of @entity1 with medical vagotomy but in 0% (0/13) in controlled cases. The time free of @entity391 after @entity900 injection (CV time) was statistically prolonged in @entity1 with medical vagotomy (805 +/- 563 min.) when compared with controlled cases (148 +/- 70 min.) (p less than 0.01). @entity137 with medical vagotomy were slight; mild @entity551 and @entity227 only. Individual differences in responding to medical vagotomy were investigated by the @entity1443 method, which showed that high and low responded cases were among these tested @entity1 who had undergone medical vagotomy. In conclusion, medical vagotomy has an excellent antiemetic effect on acute @entity900 -induced @entity391 without notable side effects. If combined with other antiemetics, a much better antiemetic effect can be expected.

title: [Effect of medical vagotomy on the CDDP induced nausea and @entity391 evaluated by the chemotherapy- XXXX time (CV time)].

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium bromide']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['dimness of vision']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: The activation of autologous cytotoxic cells by @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) may be a promising tool for elimination of minimal residual blast populations in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) to prolong disease-free survival. Here, we report the results of a phase II study using @entity1199 for consolidation therapy in @entity1 with second remission of de novo @entity3052 . All @entity1 in 1st relapse of @entity3052 received a uniform induction therapy consisting of intermediate high-dose AraC (iHDAraC) 2 x 600 mg/m2 d1-4 and @entity2879 100 mg/m2 d1-7. @entity1 achieving 2nd remission were treated with 4 cycles recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) 9 x 10(6) IU/m2 administered on d1-5 and 8-12/cycle as 1h infusion every six weeks. In 37/66 (56%) evaluable @entity1 , complete remission (CR) was achieved. So far, 21/37 @entity1 (4 after additional autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) received @entity5041 consolidation. Three @entity1 are too early for evaluation, 4 received allogeneic BMT, 6 relapsed before @entity1199 was scheduled and 4 refused treatment with @entity5041 . The median disease-free survival (DFS) was 11 (4-49+) months. Up to now, in 5/21 (24%) @entity1 the duration of 2nd remission exceeded that of 1st remission 7/21 (33%) are in ongoing 2nd remission (7+ to 49+ months). The side effects of @entity5041 were generally moderate and manageable. Only in two @entity1 , previously treated with ABMT, severe side effects occurred; @entity295 and @entity55 in one @entity1 and desquamative erythrodermia in the second one. In accordance with other studies rebound lymphocytosis with a marked increase of @entity2940 (+)-cells and release of secondary cytokines such as @entity310 , @entity379 and @entity650 was observed. The schedule is feasible and the data suggest a possible benefit for DFS, which, however has to be confirmed by randomized trials.

title: @entity1199 bolus infusion as late consolidation therapy in 2nd remission of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['AML', 'acute myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia']


abstract: Effects of a @entity1735 beverage on the physiological responses to load carriage were examined. Ten fit male @entity1 (age: 28    9 years, body mass: 81.5    10.5 kg, VO(2max): 55.0    5.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) completed two test conditions in random order, walking on a treadmill (6.5 km h(-1)) for 120 min, carrying a 25-kg backpack. At 0 and 60 min of exercise @entity1 consumed 250 mL of a placebo (flavoured water) ( @entity1989 ) or 6.4% @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) beverage. There were no differences in VO(2,) @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ), heart rate or EMG activity of m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. semitendinosus and m. biceps femoris between conditions at minute 5 of exercise. The increase in VO(2) between minutes 5 and 120 was less during @entity435 than @entity1989 (8    5 vs. 14    6%, P = 0.036). @entity1576 decreased during @entity1989 , from 0.96    0.05 at minute 5 to 0.87    0.04 at minute 120 (P < 0.001), but not during @entity435 (P = 0.056). Heart rate increased between minutes 5 and 120 during @entity1989 (16    10%, P < 0.001) and @entity435 (12    6%, P < 0.001), with no difference between conditions (P = 0.251). EMG peak RMS did not change between minutes 7 and 107 during @entity1989 or @entity435 for the leg muscles. However, individual responses in EMG were highly variable (i.e. both increases and decreases in RMS). It was concluded that @entity1735 intake during load carriage reduced the @entity4962 drift, which could be partially attributed to higher @entity1735 oxidation rates. Despite muscle fatigue/damage previously being identified as a cause of @entity4962 drift, it appears that @entity1735 had no effect on neuromuscular responses during load carriage.

title: The effect of a XXXX beverage on the physiological responses during prolonged load carriage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory exchange ratio', 'RER']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: Four consecutive trials were undertaken to study @entity2934 at each of three dosage levels and @entity3933 when used in combination with iv @entity1769 and @entity619 in @entity1 receiving @entity900 at 120 mg/m2. The combination containing @entity3933 had been the most effective treatment identified in prior trials. Earlier studies have found @entity2934 to be a useful adjunct to other antiemetic agents. Sixty-five @entity1 who had never received chemotherapy or antiemetics were directly observed in the hospital for 24 hours following @entity900 . Overall, 56% of the @entity1 experienced no @entity391 and 78.5% of the @entity1 had two or fewer @entity391 episodes during the study period. No significant differences were noted in the number of @entity1 who experienced no @entity391 or two or fewer episodes among the four trials. More sedation was seen with the @entity2934 -containing regimens; other side effects were similar in type and severity. The trial using the highest dose of @entity2934 (1.5 mg/m2) demonstrated significantly greater @entity1 satisfaction (P = 0.039) and less @entity148 during therapy (P = 0.02) when compared with the @entity3933 combination. We conclude that combinations of iv @entity1769 plus @entity619 with either @entity3933 or @entity2934 are well tolerated and effective in controlling @entity900 -induced @entity391 . The regimens containing @entity2934 produced better subjective evaluations, and the combination using the highest @entity2934 dose tested showed superior @entity1 satisfaction and less @entity148 during therapy.

title: Consecutive dose-finding trials adding @entity2934 to the combination of XXXX plus @entity619 : improved subjective effectiveness over the combination of @entity3933 plus @entity1769 plus @entity619 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity1769 :: (MESH:D008787,Chemical) :: ['metoclopramide']