abstract: The authors have reviewed 10 cases of @entity0 , which they were able to isolate from 180 invasive @entity5 of the breast that were operated on during the same period of time. (These rare lesions occasionally occur at the same time as an invasive @entity5 ; then they increase the risk of local recurrences). When they occur by themselves in situ @entity5 . @entity1157 are more common. They do, in a significant proportion of cases, become invasive. The authors point out the value of more mammographies being taken to diagnose these duct @entity189 in the breast in order to work out the correct treatment. They think it is important to delay making a decision as to the surgical procedure to be adopted until the report on the histology of the specimen taken for biopsy has been received. For a long time total mastectomy was the only treatment: the results were too good... (some @entity1 were overtreated). The present tendency is to limit the operation (to segmental excision) in cases where the lesion is limited. Mastectomy is reserved for cases that are spread out. Carrying out irradiation after widespread segmental excision increases the risks of local recurrences. Clearing the whole area has only to be considered when there are widespread forms of the condition. @entity356 in situ are marker lesions and have to be followed up very carefully indeed. The authors illustrate their article with some anatomopathological specimens and mammographies that they have come across.

title: [ XXXX : 10 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'cancers of the breast tend to be duct cancers or lobular cancers']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Duct lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Lobular cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma in situ of the breast']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible occurrence of @entity2530 in the acetabulum in @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity39 of the femoral head. DESIGN AND @entity1 : One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 with non-traumatic femoral @entity39 were assessed by MRI and radiography for the presence of acetabular @entity39 . Three criteria were established to differentiate between @entity2530 and osteoarthritic changes: (1) heterogeneous morphology and irregular contours of the lesion; (2) typical demarcation lines of @entity2530 ; (3) deficient accumulation of intravenous @entity2287 in the affected regions. RESULTS: In four @entity1 histological confirmation of acetabular @entity39 was obtained. The MR analysis of 22 acetabula (9.5% of those examined) showed changes which suggested @entity2530 . No @entity5409 were demonstrated in the subchondral bone of any @entity1 . Two cases of acetabular @entity39 were found without an ipsilateral femoral @entity39 . In two @entity1 of the 14 who had undergone total hip replacement following @entity39 of the femoral head, @entity2483 was found. CONCLUSION: The study suggests that acetabular @entity39 may be an accompaniment to @entity39 of the femoral head. Further work is required to assess its importance in premature loosening of the acetabular element of total hip arthroplasty.

title: Avascular XXXX of the acetabulum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'head necrosis', 'aseptic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening of the acetabular component']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: @entity310 ( @entity7790 ), homologous to @entity4179 , is closely involved in hyperproliferation of @entity1 keratinocytes. Psoriasis is a common hyperproliferative @entity272 characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and abnormal development of dermal capillary networks. In this study, we have examined whether keratinocytes could enhance angiogenesis. @entity7790 or @entity4179 efficiently stimulated formation of tubular-like structures of @entity1 omental microvascular endothelial(HOME) cells in type I collagen gels. @entity1 keratinocytes produced @entity7790 . To examine whether co-cultured keratinocytes could induce tubulogenesis of HOME cells in collagen gel, we have developed a co-culture system with @entity1 keratinocytes. Surprisingly, there appeared new development of many tubular-like structures of HOME cells in collagen gels when co-cultured with keratinocytes. This keratinocytes-dependent tubulogenesis was almost completely blocked when anti- @entity7790 -antibody was present. The @entity7790 molecules derived from keratinocytes appeared to enhance tubulogenesis of @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells. We propose the hypothesis that secretory @entity7790 from @entity1 keratinocytes may promote an autocrine loop to proliferate the skin keratinocytes and also a paracrine loop to induce the skin angiogenesis.

title: Induction of @entity1 microvascular endothelial tubular morphogenesis by @entity1 keratinocytes: involvement of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity310 :: ('7124', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-alpha']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor(EGF)']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is the therapeutic choice for @entity879 in @entity1 . METHODS: All 66 cases of @entity879 in the pediatric population seen at UCLA from May, 1985 to November, 1993 were reviewed to determine changes in survival rates since the advent of liver transplantation. We evaluated the clinical course and events leading to the exclusion of surgical management of nonsurvivors, who otherwise would have benefited from a liver transplant. We also compared the latter's clinical course with the nontransplant survivors to determine parameters for screening @entity1 for liver transplantation. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 (77%) were put on the transplant list initially but eventually, only 38 (58%) @entity1 underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and of these 30 (79%) @entity1 survived. Of the remaining 29 (42%) @entity1 who did not undergo liver transplantation, only 10 (36%) @entity1 survived. Nine @entity1 died while waiting for a donor liver secondary to complications of @entity1578 . The majority of nonsurvivors in the OLT and no-OLT groups succumbed because of irreversible @entity16 . In the no-OLT group, comparisons between survivors and non-survivors were made. There were no significant demographic differences. It took a mean of 8 days (+/-8) versus 22 days (+/-15), (p = 0.009), from onset of illness to first hospital admission for survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively. Time to reach stage II @entity75 was a mean of 5 days (+/-5) for survivors versus 18 days (+/-16), (p = 0.05) for nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors were transferred to the transplant center at a mean of 12.2 days (+/-12) after being first admitted elsewhere as compared to a mean of 1.9 days (+/-18) for survivors, (p = 0.02). Mean prothrombin time decreased by a mean of 13.4 s/day (+/-16) for survivors as against 2.25 s/day (+/-6) for nonsurvivors, (p = 0.06). Mean peak total @entity648 for nonsurvivors was 460 mumol/L (27 mg/dl) versus 220 mumol/L (13 mg/dl) for survivors, (p = 0.06). Nonsurvivors died at a mean of 30 days (+/-19) from onset and survivors' liver tests started to improve at a mean of 11 days (+/-9) from onset. CONCLUSIONS: From these studies, we conclude that liver transplantation remains the therapeutic choice for @entity879 in @entity1 . Early referral and closer follow-up is necessary for timely admission to liver transplant centers to enable screening and proper preparation of these @entity1 for liver transplantation.

title: Delayed XXXX in @entity879 in the pediatric population and the role of liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: @entity6675 complicated by @entity8593 is a complex problem. Six cases are presented. A review of the literature and of our own cases shows a high mortality rate. Success or failure is related more to the pathology present than to any specific method of operative management. Resection and primary @entity254 is the favored method of treatment, as the intestine heals well in spite of its appearance. Primary closure of the abdominal wall musculature and skin is done whenever possible. A gastrostomy is used uniformly. @entity5275 is critical to survival of these babies and should be used early. The use of this therapeutic modality allows for the onset of gastrointestinal function spontaneously (often over prolonged periods of time) without nutritional deprivation. Intestinal @entity1146 almost always are easy to identify in babies with @entity6675 . Extensive dissection and mobilization of this friable intestine is contraindicated in those babies in whom an @entity1146 is not obvious but only suspected. In such cases the @entity6675 defect should be managed by whatever method is deemed appropriate and the baby observed while receiving intravenous nutritional support. If an @entity1146 is present, it can be managed later in the baby's course by resection and primary @entity254 .

title: XXXX complicated by @entity8593 .

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['Intravenous hyperalimentation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['atresias', 'atresia']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['Gastroschisis']


abstract: Infection with @entity4114 was studied in a rural community of approximately 500 @entity1 in eastern Zimbabwe. The overall prevalence of @entity281 , as determined by urine egg counts, was 40.1%, and of heavy @entity281 (greater than or equal to 50 eggs/10 ml urine) was 11.0%. The prevalence of both heavy and all @entity281 was highest in the 8 to 10-year-old age class. During 1987-88 data were obtained from 102 individuals on intensity of reinfection 14 weeks after treatment with @entity2039 , the efficacy of treatment having been determined after 4 weeks. The water contact made by these individuals during 2-week periods immediately following treatment was recorded. The relative abundance of patent infected intermediate host snails, Bulinus globosus, was also monitored. An index of exposure was developed which weighted each water contact by its duration, the type of activity, the time of day, and the abundance of infected snails at the site used. The relationships between rates of reinfection, rates of exposure, and age were examined. Although only 13 individuals showed positive rates of reinfection, there were statistically significant and independent effects of both exposure and age on reinfection rate. Quantitative estimates of reinfection rates suggested that individuals aged 12 years or less acquired substantially more @entity281 (measured as egg output) than individuals more than 12 years old.

title: Factors affecting the intensity of reinfection with XXXX following treatment with @entity2039 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: This study presents six @entity1 with @entity10128 diagnosed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging. Histological confirmation was performed in three @entity1 who underwent surgery. Immunohistological assays were used to determine the neurosecretory pattern. Four @entity1 presented with @entity302 , including gelastic @entity410 . Other symptoms included @entity146 in four @entity1 and precocious puberty and @entity227 in two @entity1 . One @entity1 presented associated developmental defects. Good results without morbidity were achieved with surgical resectioning in two @entity1 with large @entity4607 associated with @entity146 and @entity1625 that was unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and in one @entity1 with @entity227 . We propose a classification of the @entity10128 based on topographical and clinical data obtained from 36 selected cases in the literature and six of our own cases. This classification should help to classify the various treatment methods and the surgical risks into four subgroups (Types la, lb, lla, and llb). We conclude that the surgical approach is a realistic alternative in certain cases, including large and broad-based @entity4607 associated with @entity1625 and @entity146 .

title: XXXX : with special reference to @entity1625 and surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['gelastic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities', 'behavioral disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10128 :: ('MESH:C537158', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic hamartomas']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'Type llb hamartomas']

answer: @entity10128 :: (MESH:C537158,Disease) :: ['Hypothalamic hamartomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: Failing dialysis @entity292 are a severe complication for @entity1 treated by chronic haemodialysis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the technical aspects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) of shunts and to report on our experience in 100 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a 4-year period a total of 166 @entity865 procedures was performed in 100 haemodialysis @entity1 with @entity850 and occlusion of Brescia Cimino shunts and @entity736 grafts ( @entity736 ). Patency rates were retrospectively evaluated for type and location of lesions, @entity1 age, sex and the success of @entity865 . RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 97% (n = 161). Complications appeared in 11 cases (6.6%). Shunt occlusion or @entity397 of a vein is rare. The cumulative patency rate for primary @entity865 treatment was 55% at 6 months, 47% at 12 months and 32% at 24 months and for repeat @entity865 treatment 87% at 6 months, 80% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. @entity850 and @entity6 significantly reduced the patency rate. CONCLUSION: @entity865 is an ideal method for accomplishing recurrent @entity177 due to its cost effectiveness and minimally invasive procedure. Recurrent @entity850 has been a major problem of @entity865 as also in equal measure with surgical intervention.

title: [Angioplasty in the stenosed hemodialysis shunt: experiences with 100 XXXX and 166 interventions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['fistula failure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['PTFE', 'polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Residual stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) plays an important role in controlling food intake and regulating body weight. In addition, clinical studies suggest a possible role for @entity750 in the @entity1278 . Recently, we have examined the effects of pharmacological manipulation of the @entity750 system in female @entity35 exposed to conditions that promote activity-based @entity448 (ABA). In this animal model of @entity1278 , @entity35 are food restricted (2 h access/day) while given the opportunity to exercise in running wheels. These conditions promote symptoms of @entity1278 including hypophagia, @entity2915 , progressive @entity353 , and disruptions of the ovarian reproductive cycle. Previously, we demonstrated that increased @entity750 activity increased the @entity353 associated with ABA in female @entity35 . Here, we investigated whether decreased @entity750 activity would attenuate symptoms of ABA. Food-restricted female @entity35 received injections of @entity10097 , a drug that reduces serotonergic neurotransmission, or saline vehicle 40 min prior to food access. During this restricted-feeding phase, food intake was similar between groups; however, @entity10097 prevented the @entity2915 observed in saline-treated @entity35 . This resulted in less @entity353 in @entity10097 -treated @entity35 , suggesting that decreased activation of the @entity750 system attenuates the development of ABA.

title: Treatment with @entity10097 attenuates the XXXX associated with activity-based @entity448 in female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'etiology of anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microglial activation plays a key role in the neuroinflammation associated with virtually all CNS disorders, although their role in normal CNS physiology is becoming increasingly appreciated. Neuroinflammation is often assessed by analyzing pro-inflammatory mediators in CNS tissue homogenates, under the assumption that microglia are the main source of these molecules. However, other cell types in the CNS can also synthesize inflammatory molecules. Hence, to enable direct analysis of microglial activities ex vivo, an efficient, reliable, and reproducible method of microglial isolation is needed. METHODS: After enzymatic digestion of brain tissues and myelin removal, @entity3804    cells were isolated using immunomagnetic separation, yielding highly purified microglia without astrocyte or neuronal contamination. We used three methods of myelin removal (30% Percoll, 0.9    mol/l @entity969 and anti-myelin magnetic beads), and compared their effects on microglial viability and yield. To determine whether the isolation procedure itself activates microglia, we used flow cytometry to examine microglial properties in brain-tissue homogenates and isolated microglia from control and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -treated @entity19 . RESULTS: This method yielded a highly purified @entity3804    cell population with properties that reflected their in vivo phenotype. The viability and yield of isolated cells were significantly affected by the myelin removal method. Although the microglial phenotype was comparable in all methods used, the highest viability and number of @entity3804    cells was obtained with Percoll. Microglia isolated from LPS-treated @entity19 displayed a pro-inflammatory phenotype as determined by upregulated levels of @entity637 , whereas microglia isolated from control @entity19 did not. CONCLUSIONS: Immunomagnetic separation is an efficient method to isolate microglia from the CNS, and is equally suitable for isolating quiescent and activated microglia. This technique allows evaluation of microglial activities ex vivo, which accurately reflects their activities in vivo. Microglia obtained by this method can be used for multiple downstream applications including qRT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and flow cytometry to analyze microglial activities in any number of CNS pathologies or @entity130 .

title: Efficient isolation of live microglia with preserved phenotypes from adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine whether @entity1 with @entity1625 exhibit @entity2414 , whether memory retention rates correlated with particular aspects of sleep physiology, and how the process was affected by @entity410 . METHODS: We prospectively recruited @entity1 with @entity1625 and assessed declarative memory using a task consisting of 15 pairs of colored pictures on a 5*6 grid. @entity1 were tested 12h after training, once after 12h of wakefulness and once after 12h that included sleep. EMG chin electrodes were placed to enable sleep scoring. The number and density of sleep spindles were assessed using a wavelet-based algorithm. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 were analyzed age 21-56years. The percentage memory retention over 12h of wakefulness was 62.7% and over 12h which included sleep 83.6% (p=0.04). Performance on overnight testing correlated with the duration of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) (r=+0.63, p<0.05). Three @entity1 had @entity410 during the day, and 3 had nocturnal @entity410 . Day-time @entity410 did not affect retention rates, while those @entity1 who had night time @entity410 had a drop in retention from an average of 92% to 60.5%. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of @entity2414 in @entity1 with @entity302 which mostly correlates with the amount of @entity25 . Our preliminary findings suggest that nocturnal @entity410 likely disrupt @entity2414 . SIGNIFICANCE: Findings highlight the importance of @entity25 in @entity2414 and the adverse impact of nocturnal @entity410 on this process.

title: Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the XXXX monitoring unit: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['sleep dependent memory consolidation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: With membrane-enriched fractions prepared from @entity1 metastatic breast tissue used as immunogen, a group of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated that recognized several distinct antigens on @entity0 . The antibodies were found to react with established @entity1 @entity5 cells in culture as well as in immunohistochemical protocols using sections of primary and metastatic lesions. One MAb, B72.3, demonstrated a high degree of selective reactivity for @entity1 @entity189 in that no reactivity was found with a large number of different normal tissues. These MAbs were used to demonstrate the heterogeneity of expression of the @entity5 antigens as well as the intrinsic cellular factors (i.e., cell-cycle kinetics and clonal variability) that modulate their expression. Additional studies showed that recombinant @entity1 leukocyte interferon can act as a potent regulator of surface antigen expression on @entity1 @entity189 cells. Analysis of these cells by radioimmunoassay or flow cytometry revealed that interferon treatment resulted in a higher percentage of the cell population that bind the MAb to the surface antigen. Furthermore, interferon treatment also increases the level of expression for particular @entity5 antigen throughout the @entity5 cell population. Experimental models were also developed to investigate the active localization of a radiolabeled MAb by a @entity1 @entity5 xenograft in athymic @entity19 . The results demonstrate active uptake of an 125I-B6.2 by a transplantable @entity1 @entity0 that expressed significant quantities of the B6.2-reactive 90 kD @entity5 antigen. In contrast, a @entity1 @entity320 cell line grown as a solid, subcutaneous @entity5 in athymic @entity19 did not localize the labeled B6.2 and does not express the associated 90 kD antigen. We report the generation and characterization of anti- @entity0 MAbs. These immunologic probes were used to study relevant @entity0 antigens, the factors that influence their level of expression, and the ability of @entity1 @entity5 grown in athymic @entity19 to localize radiolabeled antibodies.

title: Modulation of human XXXX antigen expression.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and other carcinomas', 'breast carcinoma', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: The WI-1 adhesin is indispensable for pathogenicity of @entity12266 and is thought to promote @entity358 by fixing @entity375 to lung tissue and cells. Recent findings suggest that WI-1 confers pathogenicity by mechanisms in addition to adherence. Here, we investigated whether WI-1 modulates host immunity by altering production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Production of @entity637 in lung alveolar fluids of @entity19 infected with @entity12266 was severalfold higher for WI-1 knockout @entity375 compared with wild-type @entity375 , and in vitro coculture of unseparated lung cells with these isogenic @entity375 disclosed similar differences. Upon coculture with purified macrophages and neutrophils, wild-type @entity375 blocked @entity637 production, yet WI-1 knockout @entity375 stimulated production. Coating knockout @entity375 with purified WI-1 converted them from stimulating @entity637 production to inhibiting production. Addition of purified WI-1 into stimulated phagocyte cultures led to concentration-dependent inhibition of @entity637 production. Neutralization of @entity637 in vivo exacerbated experimental @entity358 , particularly for the nonpathogenic WI-1 knockout @entity375 . Inducing increased @entity637 levels in the lung by adenovirus-vectored gene therapy controlled infection with wild-type @entity375 . Thus, the WI-1 adhesin on @entity375 modulates host immunity through blocking @entity637 production by phagocytes, which fosters progression of @entity358 .

title: The WI-1 adhesin blocks phagocyte XXXX production, imparting pathogenicity on @entity12266 .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity12266 :: ('5039', 'Species') :: ['B. dermatitidis', 'Blastomyces dermatitidis']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the efficacy of intravenous golimumab 2 mg/kg+ @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) receiving @entity1500 . METHODS: @entity1 (n=592) with active disease (>= 6/66 swollen, >= 6/68 tender joints, C-reactive protein >= 1.0 mg/dl, @entity4932 and/or anticyclic citrullinated protein antibody positive at screening) despite @entity1500 (15-25 mg/week) participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. @entity1 were randomised (2:1) to receive intravenous golimumab 2 mg/kg, or placebo infusions at weeks 0 and 4 and every (q) 8 weeks; @entity1 continued @entity1500 . Placebo @entity1 with <10% improvement in combined swollen/tender joint counts at week 16 could early escape to intravenous golimumab 2 mg/kg. The primary endpoint was week 14 American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response. Analyses employed non-responder imputation and last-observation-carried-forward. RESULTS: At week 14, significantly (p<0.001) larger proportions of golimumab+ @entity1500 than placebo+ @entity1500 @entity1 achieved ACR20 response (59% vs 25%, respectively), a disease activity score of good/moderate (EULAR) response (81% vs 40%), and greater median improvement in health assessment questionnaire scores (0.500 vs 0.125). Improvements versus placebo+ @entity1500 were observed by week 2. Similar proportions of @entity1 receiving golimumab+ @entity1500 and placebo+ @entity1500 , respectively, reported adverse events through week 16 (47% and 44%) and week 24 (53% and 49%). Serious adverse events were reported by more golimumab+ @entity1500 (4.1%) than placebo+ @entity1500 (2%) @entity1 at week 24. CONCLUSION: The addition of intravenous golimumab rapidly and significantly improved signs and symptoms in @entity1 with active @entity309 despite ongoing @entity1500 , in some @entity1 by week 2.

title: Intravenous golimumab is effective in XXXX with active @entity309 despite methotrexate therapy with responses as early as week 2: results of the phase 3, randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled GO-FURTHER trial.

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid factor positive']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The majority of @entity6732 are either @entity981 , large @entity1892 or @entity978 , and other types of @entity1893 are rare. A case of low-grade B cell @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ) in the thymus is reported. A 55-year-old Japanese female with a history of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity615 . A mediastinal @entity5 was identified by computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and the thymus was resected through median sternotomy. The solid and @entity5 had several small satellite extensions and was completely confined to within the thymus. Histologically, monotonous medium-sized centrocyte-like cells occupied the medulla of the thymus and infiltrated Hassall's corpuscles ( @entity75 ). Immunohistochemically, @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2225 and @entity7571 . IgA and kappa light chain restriction were also found in plasmacytoid cells in the @entity5 . Clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction. This case was diagnosed as @entity1074 -type low-grade @entity1892 in the thymus. This is the first report of low-grade @entity1892 in the thymus associated with @entity309 . As @entity792 are known to be associated with @entity706 , it is suggested that the @entity309 played an important role in the development of @entity706 in this case.

title: Low-grade B cell XXXX patient with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nodular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue', 'MALT']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['complained of back pain']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity1074 :: (MESH:D018442,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the thymus of a']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate whether exhaled @entity842 may serve as a marker of intraoperative @entity5143 . INTRODUCTION: @entity5143 remains a challenging event during anesthesia. Previous studies in @entity748 @entity1 suggest that exhaled @entity842 may represent a noninvasive measure of airway @entity32 . METHODS: A total of 146,358 anesthesia information forms, which were received during the period from 1999 to 2004, were reviewed. @entity5143 was registered on 863 forms. From those, three groups were identified: 9 non- @entity748 @entity1 ( @entity5143 group), 12 asthmatics (Asthma group) and 10 subjects with no previous @entity66 (Control group). All subjects were submitted to exhaled @entity842 measurements (parts/billion), spirometry and the induced sputum test. The data was compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test and Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test. RESULTS: The normal lung function test results for the @entity5143 group were different from those of the @entity565 group (p <0.05). The median percentage of eosinophils in induced sputum was higher for the Asthma [2.46 (0.45-6.83)] compared with either the @entity5143 [0.55 (0-1.26)] or the Control group [0.0 (0)] (p <0.05); exhaled @entity842 followed a similar pattern for the Asthma [81.55 (57.6-86.85)], @entity5143 [46.2 (42.0 -62.6] and Control group [18.7 (16.0-24.7)] (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Non- @entity748 @entity1 with intraoperative @entity5143 detected during anesthesia and endotracheal intubation showed increased expired @entity842 .

title: Non- @entity748 @entity1 show increased exhaled XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease or symptoms']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative bronchospasm', 'bronchospasm', 'Bronchospasm']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively model @entity5080 clearance as a function of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 genotype and to estimate the contribution of genotype to the interindividual variability in steady-state plasma concentration and metabolic clearance. DESIGN: Modelling study using data from two previously published studies. @entity1 : 20 healthy volunteers receiving single oral doses of @entity5080 and 20 @entity1 with @entity308 on steady-state oral treatment. METHODS: A total of 275 @entity5080 plasma concentrations were analysed by standard nonlinear regression and nonlinear mixed effect models. The pharmacokinetic model was a 1-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination. All @entity1 had previously been genotyped with respect to the @entity5320 polymorphism. RESULTS: A model in which the intrinsic clearance is a linear function of the number of functional @entity5320 genes and hepatic blood flow is fixed to 60 L/h gave the closest fit of the pharmacokinetic model to the data. Stable estimates were obtained for population pharmacokinetic parameters and interindividual variances. Assuming 100% absorption, the model allows systemic clearance and bioavailability to be estimated. Bioavailability was found to vary between 0.17 and 0.71, depending on the genotype. Using the frequency distribution of @entity5320 genotype with the above results we estimate that, in compliant Swedish individuals on @entity5080 monotherapy, the number of functional @entity5320 genes could explain 21% of the total interindividual variance in oral clearance of @entity5080 and 34% of that in steady-state plasma concentrations. CONCLUSION: Nonlinear mixed-effects modelling can be used to quantify the influence of the number of functional @entity5320 genes on the metabolic clearance and plasma concentration of drugs metabolised by this enzyme. Gene dose has a significant impact on drug pharmacokinetics and prior knowledge of it may aid in predicting plasma concentration of the drug and thus tailoring @entity1 -specific dosage regimens.

title: Quantitative pharmacogenetics of XXXX : a novel approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5080 :: ('MESH:D009661', 'Chemical') :: ['nortriptyline']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity5080 :: (MESH:D009661,Chemical) :: ['nortriptyline']


abstract: The numbers of oil-utilizing bacteria in several samples of clean and oil-polluted soils counted on vitamin-containing media were severalfold higher than the numbers counted on vitamin-free media. Colonies that grew on a medium containing a vitamin mixture were tested for growth on the same medium lacking any vitamins. More than 90% of the total colonies failed to grow. The remaining 10% grew, yet their growth was enhanced, when vitamins were added. The predominant oil-utilizing bacteria in one of the test desert soil samples were various strains of @entity55987 and @entity42241 . Minor organisms belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Arthrobacter. Two vitamin-requiring biovars of @entity55987 and @entity42241 were selected for further study. Their growth on @entity55988 and @entity11966 as sole sources of @entity505 and energy as well as their potential for @entity7294 consumption were enhanced by added vitamins, e.g. @entity1501 , @entity2764 , @entity2186 , @entity1885 and others. In a field experiment, it was confirmed that vitamin fertilization of an oil-polluted sand sample enhanced the biodegradation of constituent @entity9436 of that sample.

title: Vitamin requirements of XXXX -utilizing soil bacteria.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity55987 :: ('1711', 'Species') :: ['Cellulomonas flavigena', 'C. flavigena']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity42241 :: ('1833', 'Species') :: ['Rhodococcus erythropolis', 'R. erythropolis']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity55988 :: ('CHEBI:32926', 'Chemical') :: ['n-octadecane']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity7294 :: (CHEBI:24632,Chemical) :: ['hydrocarbon']


abstract: Torsion of the appendices epiploicae is a rare condition that may present with acute @entity490 and mimics @entity698 . We report a 20-year-old previously appendectomized @entity1 presenting with right lower @entity490 . Abdominal ultrasonography showed a localized omental thickening in the right paracolic region. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed well-circumscribed fatty tissue adjacent to the cecum with heterogeneous hyperdense infiltration of the mesentery near the sigmoid colon. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed 2-cm diameter torsioned and @entity4 fatty tissue floating on the omentum in the right lower quadrant. The torsioned mass was elevated, and a thick stalk was seen to be connecting the fatty tissue to the sigmoid colon. At this point, the torsioned fatty tissue was considered as a sigmoidal appendix epiploica that was elongated and neighboring on the previously operated-on region. The lesion was removed by laparoscopic means using 3 ports. Grossly, fat @entity39 and internal @entity548 were seen. Histopathologic analysis of the resected tissue demonstrated adipose tissue surrounded by fibrotic inflammatory changes with marked infiltration of numerous lymphocytes and histiocytes. In conclusion, torsion of appendices epiploicae should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen when evaluating @entity1 with right lower @entity158 and a history of appendectomy. Laparoscopic surgery provides definite diagnosis and prevents unnecessary open procedures for such lesions leading to peritoneal irritation.

title: Laparoscopic resection of a torsioned appendix epiploica in a previously appendectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: We are interested in the possibility of new @entity263 therapy that would control @entity5 malignancy via the induction of terminal cell differentiation. We have previously reported that @entity866 induced remarkable inhibition of cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in @entity1 @entity263 TSU- @entity35 cells. In the present study, we investigated the alteration of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activities and cell cycle in differentiated TSU- @entity35 cells. Treatment of TSU- @entity35 cells with @entity866 resulted in G1 arrest and suppression of @entity23305 activity. Protein levels of @entity23305 were essentially unchanged during this time. @entity7504 protein, however, rapidly increased for 6 hours after treatment with @entity866 . @entity5447 protein also increased gradually for 12 to 72 hours after treatment. @entity23305 -bound @entity7504 and @entity23305 -bound @entity5447 also increased. These results suggest that an increase in @entity7504 and @entity5447 protein causes increased binding with @entity23305 and inhibition of @entity23305 activity. We propose that the complex regulation of @entity23305 plays a key role in G1 arrest of TSU- @entity35 cells after treatment with @entity866 .

title: Complex regulation of CDK2 and G1 arrest during neuronal differentiation of @entity1 XXXX TSU-Prl cells by @entity866 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have recently shown that @entity1808 -induced @entity1184 of cultured @entity35 cardiomyocytes was partially blocked by an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist ( @entity11344 ) selective for the ETA subtype, suggesting the possible involvement of endogenous @entity1827 in the mechanism of @entity1283 in vitro. In the present study, we studied the in vivo blockade effects of @entity11344 on @entity1283 provoked by left @entity67 with aortic banding in adult @entity35 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty @entity35 were divided into four groups: (1) sham-operated @entity35 without @entity11344 administration, (2) @entity35 with aortic banding without @entity11344 administration, (3) sham-operated @entity35 with @entity11344 administration, and (4) @entity35 with aortic banding with @entity11344 administration. @entity11344 (250 micrograms/h) was administered continuously by an osmotic pump starting 24 hours before operation. @entity11344 blocked increases in the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight and in the diameter of cardiomyocytes provoked by aortic banding at 1 week, but those blockade actions were no longer observed at 2 weeks. Skeletal alpha-actin and @entity12579 (ANP) mRNA in the left ventricle, transcriptional markers for @entity1283 , significantly increased in the @entity35 with aortic banding at 1 week and 2 weeks. In the @entity35 with @entity11344 administration, despite the hemodynamic overload, skeletal alpha-actin and ANP mRNA in the left ventricle remained at the control levels at 1 week; however, those blockade actions were abolished at 2 weeks. Plasma @entity1827 levels increased after aortic banding, peaking at 24 hours, then returned to the basal level at 4 days. Prepro- @entity1827 mRNA levels in the left ventricle also increased 24 hours after aortic banding, then declined to the basal level at 4 days. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endogenous @entity1827 synthesized in the cardiovascular system plays a role in the mechanism of @entity1283 during the early phase of pressure overload in vivo.

title: Endothelin ETA receptor antagonist blocks XXXX provoked by hemodynamic overload.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity12579 :: ('24602(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular overload']

answer: @entity1283 :: (MESH:D006332,Disease) :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A @entity1188 may occasionally dedifferentiate to @entity421 , @entity1492 or malignant @entity82 . However, the association of an @entity5426 with a @entity1188 is extremely rare. Such an association is presented in three @entity1 . Their clinical course is compared with that of @entity1 with @entity1188 associated with other @entity242 . DESIGN AND @entity1 : The three @entity1 were @entity1 with a mean age of 43 years. Cases 1 and 3 presented with a pathological @entity174 at the site of the @entity5426 . Plain radiography was done in the three @entity1 , computed tomography (CT) was performed in cases 1 and 3 and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in case 3. The femur was the site of the three @entity5 : midshaft in cases 1 and 3 and distal shaft in case 2. On the basis of the radiographic findings, and clinical examination, an open biopsy was performed for the three @entity1 , which confirmed the diagnosis of a high-grade @entity5426 associated with a @entity1188 . RESULTS: Case 1 was treated with high-above knee amputation and is still alive after 18 months from the time of operation. Segmental resection of the distal femur with adjuvant chemotherapy and local irradiation was the treatment for case 2, who is still alive with no @entity5 recurrence on metastatic disease 3 years from the operation. Intramedullary rodding was done for case 3 who died 6 months later. CONCLUSION: The association of an @entity5426 with a @entity1188 has been established in only five cases. Although the number of such associations is small, it seems that such an association may be prognostically more or less the same as in those cases in which a @entity1188 is associated with either @entity421 , @entity1492 or malignant @entity82 , where the survival rate is unfavorable. A cause-and-effect relationship may exist between a @entity1188 and subsequent development of a @entity79 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity1188 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenic sarcoma', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['bone infarct', 'bone infarcts']

answer: @entity5426 :: (MESH:D006394,Disease) :: ['Angiosarcomas']


abstract: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has gained increasing acceptance for treatment of @entity410 . The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of VNS on depressed mood in @entity302 @entity1 during the first 6 months after implantation of the stimulation device. This study was conducted as an addition to the international multisite randomized and double-blind controlled trial on anti- @entity410 effects of VNS (EO3). Only adult @entity1 with >4/month medication-resistant complex-partial @entity410 were included (N=11). During the acute phase of the study (3 months after implantation), @entity1 were randomly assigned to low (stimulation detection) versus high stimulation (maximal tolerability, maximum 1.75 mA). Mood and mood changes were recorded based on standardized psychiatric rating scales and self-report questionnaires. @entity1 were assessed 4 weeks before (baseline) as well as 3 and 6 months after implantation. Significant positive mood effects were observed in most scales and subscales at the 3-month follow-up (P<0.05). Mood improvements were sustained at the 6-month follow-up and were independent of effects on @entity410 activity (9/11 mood responders versus 2/11 @entity410 responders). Mood effects appeared more pronounced in the high stimulation group after the acute study phase, but findings were not significant (P<0.10). VNS is associated with mood improvements in @entity1 with @entity302 , but to confirm VNS dose effects, studies with more statistical power are needed.

title: Vagus nerve stimulation is associated with mood improvements in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'drug-resistant seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: @entity95 connecting tubules and cortical collecting ducts were isolated by immunodissection and cultured on permeable supports. The monolayers actively transported @entity141 with a net transcellular rate of 92 +/- 3 nmol.h-1.cm-2. @entity4473 , @entity10202 , @entity3988 , omega-conotoxin GVIA, and omega-agatoxin @entity3480 when added to the apical side had no effect on @entity141 absorption. Neither hyperpolarization nor depolarization of the apical membrane affected @entity141 transport rates significantly. Stepwise lowering of the apical @entity55390 (pHa) from 8.0 to 5.6 gradually inhibited @entity141 transport from 88 +/- 5 to 7 +/- 2 nmol.h-1.cm-2. Measuring the intracellular @entity55390 ( @entity55390 ) with @entity27864 revealed that lowering the pHa from 8.0 to 5.6 decreased @entity55390 from 7.8 to 6.7. To determine whether inhibition of @entity141 absorption results from intracellular acidification, @entity55390 was lowered using an @entity8777 pulse while extracellular @entity55390 was kept constant. Intracellular acidification from 7.4 +/- 0.2 to 6.9 +/- 0.1 reduced @entity141 absorption by 26 +/- 6% only. In addition, lowering of the basolateral @entity55390 to 6.2 resulted in a @entity55390 of 6.8 +/- 0.1, without affecting @entity141 absorption rates. In conclusion, the basal @entity141 influx mechanism in the apical membrane is most likely a voltage-independent @entity141 transporter, insensitive to @entity141 channel blockers, but strongly inhibited by apical acidification.

title: Effects of XXXX on apical calcium entry and active calcium transport in @entity95 cortical collecting system.

entities_list: @entity27864 :: ('MESH:C043829', 'Chemical') :: ["2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein"]

entities_list: @entity4473 :: ('MESH:D005711', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxyverapamil']

entities_list: @entity10202 :: ('MESH:D015736', 'Chemical') :: ['felodipine']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

answer: @entity55390 :: (100008744(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['pH']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the MR features of primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 and to determine whether there is a correlation with histopathologic findings. METHODS: The MR images, pathologic specimens, and clinical records of 23 @entity1 with primary @entity149 were reviewed. The imaging and pathologic characteristics were tabulated and compared by using the standard tests for association in a two-dimensional contingency table. RESULTS: A total of 61 lesions were present in 23 @entity1 ; 12 @entity1 (52%) had @entity75 . All lesions were isointense or hypointense on T1-weighted images, and 53% were isointense or hypointense on T2-weighted images. Twenty @entity1 received intravenous contrast material, and 43 (91%) of 47 lesions enhanced. The three @entity1 who had nonenhancing lesions received @entity230 before the initial MR studies. Enhancement patterns differed between the immunocompetent and the immunocompromised hosts, with the latter group harboring a higher percentage of rim-enhancing lesions. Twenty-seven (44%) of the lesions were centered in a cerebral hemisphere and 14 (23%) were centered in the central gray matter. There was a statistically significant correlation between a higher degree of @entity39 histologically and hyperintensity on T2-weighted MR images. The degree of @entity39 also showed a positive correlation with rim enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity149 has a variable MR appearance that correlates with the severity of @entity39 . These imaging characteristics, as well as lesion location, mean lesion size, and proclivity to harbor @entity39 , are altered in the immunocompromised host.

title: The variable MR appearance of primary XXXX : comparison with histopathologic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'intratumoral necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['lymphoma of the central nervous system']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the characteristics of electroclinical manifestations in @entity1 with @entity410 ( @entity410 ) originating from the temporal lobe. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of @entity1 who underwent surgical treatments for @entity410 to identify @entity1 with @entity410 of temporal origin. We systematically reviewed @entity1 @entity410 histories, imaging reports, video-EEG monitoring data, operative records and pathological findings. RESULTS: Eight of the 9 @entity1 reported auras. The ictal behavior included marked @entity2146 in 5 @entity1 and mild @entity2146 in 4 @entity1 . All of the 9 @entity1 exhibited @entity2693 or @entity3519 of the upper limb or contralateral limbs during ictus. Seven of the 9 @entity1 completed intracranial recording and at least 3 @entity410 were recorded for each @entity1 . The intracranial recordings showed ictal activity originating from mesial temporal lobe in 6 @entity1 and the lateral temporal lobe in 1 @entity1 . The time interval of ictal propagation from the temporal to frontal lobe was 15.0    8.3 s. While the time interval from EEG origination to the beginning of hypermotor behavior was 21.0    8.1 s. Brain MRIs revealed @entity131 in 3, @entity1313 in 1, and normal images in the remaining 5 @entity1 . @entity1 were followed for 1-5 years after the anterior temporal lobectomy; 7 @entity1 remained @entity410 -free throughout follow-up. CONCLUSION: Some @entity410 can originate from the temporal lobe. In carefully selected @entity1 , surgical resection may lead to good outcomes.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX originating from the temporal lobe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'hypermotor seizures', 'HMSs']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesion']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['hypermotor seizures']


abstract: The effectiveness and safety of @entity1229 were compared with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin ( @entity16960 ) for the prevention of @entity1150 after @entity572 in a prospective, randomized, multi-institutional trial. @entity1 who were older than eighteen years of age and were scheduled to have an elective primary or revision @entity572 were eligible; 580 @entity1 were randomized, 550 had the operation and received prophylaxis, and 382 had evaluable venograms. Prophylaxis was provided either with @entity1229 beginning the night before the operation or with @entity16960 beginning two hours before the operation and was continued until venography was performed. Bleeding was assessed on the basis of intraoperative @entity190 , transfusion requirements, a decrease in hematocrit, and clinically identified @entity548 complications. The prevalence of @entity1150 was found to be significantly lower in the @entity1 who had received @entity16960 than in those who had received @entity1229 (twenty-eight [15 per cent] of 192 @entity1 compared with forty-nine [26 per cent] of 190 @entity1 ; p = 0.006). @entity1150 occurred in the @entity291 veins of twenty-one @entity1 (11 per cent) who had received @entity16960 and of forty-three @entity1 (23 per cent) who had received @entity1229 ; this difference was significant (p = 0.003). Proximal @entity1150 occurred in ten @entity1 (5 per cent) who had received @entity16960 and in sixteen @entity1 (8 per cent) who had received @entity1229 ; however, with the numbers available, no significant difference could be detected (p = 0.185). We also could not detect a significant difference with regard to the intraoperative and postoperative @entity190 , the decrease in hematocrit, and the prevalence of major @entity548 complications between the two groups; however, the @entity1 who had received @entity16960 had a significantly higher prevalence of @entity548 complications involving the operative site (p = 0.03), and a significantly greater percentage required postoperative transfusions (p = 0.001). We concluded that preoperative prophylaxis with @entity16960 is significantly more effective than that with @entity1229 in preventing @entity1150 after @entity572 . The greater effectiveness of @entity16960 must be considered, however, in light of an increased need for postoperative transfusions and an increase in the prevalence of wound-related @entity548 complications.

title: Prevention of @entity1150 after @entity572 . Comparison of @entity1229 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'Deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity16960 :: (MESH:D017985,Chemical) :: ['dalteparin']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Mean scores achieved using a cochlear implant (CI) plus a hearing @entity3224 (HA) were consistently higher (statistically non-significant) than those for CI alone. The addition of a contralateral HA partially compensated for the negative hearing fluctuations as well as for the slow initial progress with the CI. OBJECTIVES: To examine hearing progress over the first 3 years after unilateral cochlear implantation in users who had residual hearing in the non-implanted ear at the time of surgery and continued to use a HA in that ear thereafter. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were followed up for 36 months after continuous concomitant use of a CI and a contralateral HA. To evaluate hearing progress, sentence identification in background noise (presentation level, 55 dB; S/N ratio, +10 dB) was tested for CI alone and for CI with contralateral HA (CI+HA). Subjects were tested after 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months of concomitant use of both devices. Mixed regression model was used to evaluate the group's progression of scores and the added value of a contralateral HA over time. RESULTS: When last tested (36 months after CI) the mean group score for CI alone was 72.6% +/- 19.3%, and 12/13 @entity1 scored at least 65% with either CI alone or CI+HA. Mean scores achieved using CI+HA were consistently higher than those for CI alone. Percentage improvement in CI+HA relative to CI alone was highest (19.2%) after 18 months of concomitant usage and then diminished gradually to 7.7% at 36 months. Most @entity1 showed some negative fluctuations in performance with CI alone at some point during the 36 months of post-CI follow-up.

title: Hearing progress and fluctuations in bimodal-binaural hearing users (unilateral cochlear implants and contralateral hearing XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['aid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common locations of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are unknown. In the @entity5099 -HeFT, mortality of @entity1 with @entity712 was assessed after randomization to an @entity737 ( @entity737 ), @entity2643 , or placebo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the location of @entity204 in @entity5099 -HeFT. METHODS: Among @entity5099 -HeFT @entity1 whose location of @entity204 was identified, we used logistic regression to assess the relationship of randomized treatment arm and other baseline predictors with the location of @entity204 . Cause of @entity204 was adjudicated by a therapy-blinded events committee. RESULTS: In @entity5099 -HeFT, 666 (26%) of 2521 @entity1 died. Of the 604 (91%) for whom location of @entity204 was known, 58% died in hospital and 29% died at home. @entity1 randomized to receive an @entity737 were less likely to die at home than @entity1 randomized to placebo (P = .002). Fewer @entity1 randomized to ICDs died; even fewer randomized to ICDs died at home. Age, sex, etiology of @entity712 , left ventricular ejection fraction, and New York Heart Association functional class were not associated with location of @entity204 . @entity1164 represented 52% of all out-of-hospital @entity204 but in hospital @entity204 exceeded out-of-hospital @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Deaths in @entity5099 -HeFT, a well-treated @entity712 population, were most often in hospital. ICDs were associated with lower total and @entity944 rates at home and in hospital. Development of methods to identify which @entity1 will not respond to optimal treatment, including an @entity737 , remain a challenge.

title: Where XXXX with mild to moderate @entity712 die: results from the @entity1164 in @entity712 Trial ( @entity5099 -HeFT).

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter/defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study was to report a case of @entity548 secondary to @entity4816 in a @entity1 with @entity7063 . A 16-year-old white male was referred to the Ophthalmology Clinic due to @entity227 in his left eye. Medical history was significant for @entity7063 associated with @entity882 . General physical examination revealed @entity2118 on the upper half of the chest, vertical ridges and splitting of finger nails, and @entity3136 . Ophthalmological examination of the anterior segment was unremarkable. Retinal examination revealed @entity5861 . A possible history of @entity130 was denied. Fundus examination of the right eye showed @entity989 with a few dot and blot @entity5861 . Fluorescein angiography revealed extensive areas of non-perfusion beyond the equator in the right eye, later treated with scatter laser photocoagulation. We performed a 23-gauge vitrectomy with endolaser treatment of the new vascularization areas in the left eye. After 6 months, best-corrected visual acuity in the right and left eye was 20/20 and 20/25, respectively. Rather than being confined to @entity1347 like @entity2024 , @entity14985 and nasolacrimal duct obstruction which are reported in the literature, @entity7063 can cause significant @entity227 due to @entity4816 and @entity548 . Therefore physicians and ophthalmologists should be aware of this possibility and prompt diagnosis and treatment could prevent further @entity227 in such @entity1 .

title: @entity548 secondary to retinal vasculopathy in a XXXX with @entity7063 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'deterioration of vision']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis congenita']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity14985 :: ('MESH:D001762', 'Disease') :: ['blepharitis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['reticular pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity5861 :: ('MESH:D012166', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage in the left eye veiling the retinal details', 'retinal hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular sheathing']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity2783 is a clinical entity that results from deposition of an extracellular protein material that causes disruption in normal architecture and impairs function of multiple organs and tissues. @entity2783 ( @entity5066 ) is a rare but serious complication that appears in the context of @entity5 , @entity32 , and @entity102 , including @entity309 . @entity177 is the most common clinical presentation of @entity5066 , ranging from @entity1985 and @entity8 to @entity177 , with a potential for high morbidity. We present a case of a 52-year-old female @entity1 diagnosed with @entity309 at age 27. She was hospitalized due to worsening clinical condition. Physical examination revealed marked peripheral @entity4 in both lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed an increase of inflammatory reactants, @entity417 , electrolyte disbalance, and severe @entity4988 and @entity9427 . She had @entity644 15.4 g/24 h and renal function estimated by @entity1011 clearance was 78 mL/min, within the second degree of @entity740 . Renal biopsy was performed for evaluation of @entity177 with @entity1985 range @entity644 . Congo red staining showed the presence of @entity527 that immunoreacted with the antibody against @entity1129 protein, thus confirming the diagnosis of secondary @entity2783 .

title: [Secondary ( XXXX ) renal/bone amyloidosis complicating @entity309 ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary amyloidosis', 'Amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['characteristic amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5066 :: (MESH:C566236,Disease) :: ['AA']


abstract: @entity1276 is a common complication of @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) in @entity1 . In this study, 217 @entity1 with stage II and III @entity1906 and @entity1276 (TBMH) were reviewed. @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) was performed in the acute stage if the @entity1276 was non-communicating or following failed medical therapy if the @entity1276 was communicating. Following this protocol only 65 of 217 (29.9%) @entity1 eventually required @entity5033 . Non-communicating @entity1276 was present in 38 of 65 (58.5%) and communicating @entity1276 in 27 of 65 (41.5%) of the shunted cases. These 65 cases were followed for 6 months and their outcome assessed. Good outcome or moderate disability was seen in 55.4% and 12.3% died. Different factors relating to outcome are discussed. The shunted @entity1 in this study had a high complication rate of 32.3%, with @entity281 and shunt obstruction each occurring in 9 of 65 (13.5%) of cases. @entity1906 complicated by @entity1276 remains a devastating condition and @entity5033 in these @entity1 has a high complication rate. Identifying those @entity1 who may be managed without shunting will save costs and reduce complications, however early @entity5033 in @entity1 with non-communicating @entity1276 is still indicated.

title: @entity5033 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'Hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis', 'TBM']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['Ventriculoperitoneal shunting', 'VPS']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['tuberculous meningitis']


abstract: @entity11 present a difficult therapeutic problem. Within the last ten years, however, some of the molecular mechanisms have been disclosed that are involved in @entity1313 development. According to these results the occurrence of a @entity5 cell is the result of a multistage process, which involves mutations in several genes. These mutations affect genes regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, which are called protooncogenes and @entity5 -suppressor genes (anti-oncogenes). Critical alterations in the proteins encoded by these genes may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. In @entity816 mutations of the @entity5 suppressor gene @entity876 are common; mutations of the c-erbB gene, encoding the @entity470 (EGF-receptor), frequently affect @entity463 . The vast majority of @entity463 show deletions or loss of a copy of chromosome 10. @entity816 , @entity463 and @entity3271 frequently carry deletions in one copy of the chromosome 9q and 19q region, respectively. Allelic loss of these regions suggest the presence of a @entity5 -suppressor gene on these chromosomal loci and a pathogenetic role of anti-oncogene @entity393 in @entity1313 development. Molecular studies provide insight into the pathogenesis of @entity1313 development. However, they may also have an impact on developing new forms of @entity5 -specific therapy. The efficacy of such therapeutic strategies is currently being evaluated in clinical studies.

title: [Mechanisms of molecular development of human XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal Growth Factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic gliomas', 'Anaplastic astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['allelic loss']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is a potent vasoactive peptide and is thought to play an important role in the regulation of vascular tone. @entity1827 can both constrict blood vessels, via @entity11081 ( @entity11081 ) receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells, and dilate then via @entity10932 ( @entity10932 ) receptors in endothelial cells in the systemic circulation. To determine the role of @entity10932 receptors in the pulmonary circulation, we examined the hemodynamic effects of a selective @entity10932 receptor agonist ( @entity13071 ) in @entity35 . In @entity35 lungs perfused with a salt solution, @entity13071 caused pulmonary vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. In lungs perfused with a @entity519 half-blood solution (10% O2), doses of @entity13071 less than 10 nM caused @entity358 , but higher doses caused pulmonary vasoconstriction. @entity13071 caused transient vasodilation of the systemic circulation at every dose used (0.1, 1, and 5 nmol/kg) in anesthetized @entity35 . In contrast, the effects of @entity13071 on the pulmonary circulation varied with the dose. Small doses (0.1 or 1 nmol/kg) caused @entity358 , but a higher dose (5 nmol/kg) caused pulmonary vasoconstriction. These results show tachyphylaxis in the pulmonary vasodilator response to @entity13071 , but not in the systemic vasodilator response. The present data show the dual action (vasoconstriction and vasodilation) of @entity10932 receptors.

title: [Role of XXXX receptors in the pulmonary circulation].

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasodilation']

answer: @entity10932 :: (50672(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['endothelin-B']


abstract: Changes in the cytoarchitecture of vocal control nuclei were investigated in nestling @entity5798 ( @entity5798 ) from hatching to fledging (five to six weeks) in relation to changes in vocalizations produced by nestlings during this period. The nuclei investigated were the hypoglossal nucleus, dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular midbrain, central nucleus of the archistriatum, central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum, oval nucleus of the hyperstriatum ventrale, medial division of the oval nucleus of the anterior neostriatum, and magnocellular nucleus of the lobus parolfactorius. These nuclei have been shown to form functional circuits in adults related to vocal learning. Consistent with previously reported results, we found that call development could be described in terms of five different phases based on changes in the duration and segmentation of single and multiple segment food begging calls and the appearance of the first socially learned contact calls around the time of fledging. We also found that call segment duration exhibited an inverted U-shaped developmental function during the nestling period, as has been found for total call duration. Cytoarchitectonic studies revealed striking changes in the cellular architecture of vocal control nuclei during the first four weeks posthatching. At hatching the hypoglossal nucleus exhibits adult-like cytoarchitecture, and the central nucleus of the archistriatum and the central nucleus of the lateral neostriatum are distinguishable from surrounding fields. By one week posthatch, the central nucleus of the archistriatum exhibits an adult-like appearance, while other @entity4519 vocal control nuclei do not exhibit adult-like cytoarchitecture until three to four weeks posthatching. By two weeks posthatching, the dorsomedial nucleus of the intercollicular midbrain also exhibits adult-like cytoarchitecture. We observed substantial decreases in the thickness of ventricular proliferation zones during this period, with decreases in ventricular zones occurring at about the same point that nuclei at corresponding levels come to exhibit adult-like cytoarchitectonic features. Of interest is the fact that cytoarchitectural development occurs asynchronously in different brain regions, with the appearance of adult-like characteristics in the hindbrain and midbrain occurring before the appearance of adult-like cytoarchitectonic characteristics in @entity4519 nuclei. These results are consistent with recent lesion studies indicating that neither auditory feedback nor @entity4519 vocal control nuclei are necessary for the production of food begging and other nestling calls until three to four weeks posthatching.

title: Cytoarchitecture of vocal control nuclei in nestling XXXX : relationships to call development.

entities_list: @entity5798 :: ('13146', 'Species') :: ['budgerigars', 'Melopsittacus undulatus']

entities_list: @entity4519 :: ('MESH:C536954', 'Disease') :: ['telencephalic']

answer: @entity5798 :: (13146,Species) :: ['budgerigars']


abstract: The gene family of heterotrimeric laminin molecules consists of at least 15 naturally occurring isoforms which are formed by five different alpha, three beta and three gamma subunits. The expression pattern of the individual laminin chains in the @entity1 thymus was comprehensively analysed in the present study. Whereas laminin isoforms containing the @entity27885 chain (e.g. @entity16600 ) were not present in the @entity1 thymus, laminin isoforms containing the alpha2 chain (LN-2/4) or the alpha5 chain (LN-10/11) were expressed in the subcapsular epithelium and in thymic blood vessels. Expression of the @entity39138 seemed to be restricted to endothelial cells of the thymus, whereas the LN-5 isoform containing the alpha3 chain could be detected on medullary thymic epithelial cells and weakly in the subcapsular epithelium. As revealed by cell attachment assays, early @entity404 - @entity405 - thymocytes which are localized in the thymus beneath the subcapsular epithelium adhered strongly to LN-10/11, but not to @entity16600 , LN-2/4 or LN-5. Adhesion of these thymocytes to LN-10/11 was mediated by the integrin alpha6beta1. During further development, the cortically localized @entity404 + @entity405 + thymocytes have lost the capacity to adhere to laminin-10/11. Neither do these cells adhere to any other laminin isoform tested. However, the more differentiated single positive @entity405 + thymocytes which were mainly found in the medulla were able to bind to LN-5 which is expressed by medullary epithelial cells. Interactions of @entity405 + thymocytes with LN-5 were integrin alpha6beta4-dependent. These results show that interactions of developing @entity1 thymocytes with different laminin isoforms are spatially and developmentally regulated.

title: Developmentally regulated interactions of XXXX thymocytes with different laminin isoforms.

entities_list: @entity39138 :: ('3910', 'Gene') :: ['laminin alpha4 chain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To compare the safety and efficacy of @entity2643 and @entity2778 in the treatment of @entity1 with recurrent symptomatic @entity955 ( @entity955 ), 70 @entity1 were entered into a randomized, double-blind study. Of these, 35 received @entity2643 and 35 @entity2778 . There were no significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics between groups. @entity1 with ejection fraction < 40% or clinically significant @entity299 were excluded. @entity1 randomized to @entity2643 began with 800 to 1,600 mg/day for 7 to 14 days orally. After the initial loading phase, the drug dose was tapered to maintenance levels over 7 to 12 days; thereafter, therapy was generally maintained at a dosage of 200 mg/day. The @entity2778 dosage was 80 to 360 mg twice daily, as tolerated. Follow-up clinical evaluations were conducted at 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. The proportion of @entity1 remaining in sinus rhythm on each agent was calculated for the 2 groups using the Kaplan-Meier method. Ten of the 35 @entity1 who were taking @entity2643 developed @entity955 during the 12-month observation period, compared with 21 of the 35 who were taking @entity2778 (p = 0.008). No significant effect of sex, age, left atrial size, or type of @entity955 could be detected that increased the risk of development of @entity955 . We conclude that both @entity2643 and @entity2778 can be used for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in @entity1 with recurrent symptomatic @entity955 but that @entity2643 is the more effective of the 2 drugs for this purpose.

title: Low-dose @entity2643 versus XXXX for suppression of recurrent symptomatic @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7250 in the setting of @entity1503 can be categorized into paraneoplastic-associated SS, drug-induced SS, and SS with @entity1778 cutis. Apart from those cases demonstrating concomitant leukemic infiltrates, it has been surmised that SS is a reactive phenomenon induced by a specific cytokine milieu. METHODS: The authors present a @entity1 with @entity2280 + @entity3052 (AAML) who developed SS in the setting @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) therapy. Routine light microscopy and molecular studies were carried on the @entity1 's skin biopsy specimen and post-treatment marrow. An X inactivation assay for clonality was employed. RESULTS: Routine light microscopic examination revealed differentiated myeloid precursors including myelocytes and metamyelocytes within the subcutis; myeloblasts were not identified. In addition, in the overlying skin, features typical of SS were observed. The neutrophils demonstrated @entity6349 features including hypolobation compatible with a Pseudo @entity8990 . X inactivation studies showed clonality both within her post-treatment marrow and skin biopsy specimen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7250 developing in @entity2280 + @entity3052 @entity1 following @entity1261 therapy likely reflects therapy induced differentiation of sequestered leukemic cells, hence indicative of a clonal @entity7250 .

title: @entity7250 in the setting of XXXX -positive @entity3052 treated with @entity1261 : evidence for a clonal @entity7250 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8990 :: ('MESH:D010381', 'Disease') :: ['Pelger-Huet anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['GCSF', 'granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity7250 :: ('MESH:D016463', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilic dermatosis', "Sweet's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic dyscrasias']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of glucocorticoid ( @entity2995 injectable suspension) pretreatment on corneal @entity2295 , lymphangiogenesis, and @entity32 in a @entity19 penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and corneal suture model. METHODS: For the PK model, BALB/c @entity19 were used as recipients and C57BL/6 @entity19 were used as donors. A group pretreated with subconjunctival glucocorticoid and a combination of post-subconjunctival and topical glucocorticoids (group I) was compared with two groups that did not receive glucocorticoid pretreatment [one group received a combination of subconjunctival and topical glucocorticoids postoperatively (group II) and the other group received only topical glucocorticoid treatment postoperatively (group III)]. All groups were treated with subconjunctival glucocorticoid on the day of surgery. For the corneal suture model, BALB/c @entity19 were used. A group receiving only pre-suture glucocorticoid treatment (group A) and a group receiving only post-suture glucocorticoid treatment (group C) were compared with a control group that did not receive glucocorticoid therapy (group B). The degree of @entity2295 , lymphangiogenesis, and inflammatory infiltration was compared in each of these models. RESULTS: In the PK model, the group receiving glucocorticoid pretreatment (group I) showed less @entity2295 compared with the posttreatment-only groups (group II, P=0.043; group III, P=0.020) and less lymphangiogenesis compared with group III (P=0.005). In the corneal suture model, the glucocorticoid pretreatment group showed a similar level of @entity2295 , lymphangiogenesis, and inflammatory infiltration as the posttreatment-only groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Glucocorticoid pretreatment before PK decreases @entity2295 and lymphangiogenesis compared with posttransplant glucocorticoid treatment alone.

title: Effect of glucocorticoid ( @entity2995 ) pretreatment in a XXXX penetrating keratoplasty and suture model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in blood samples from a cohort of individuals followed for @entity715 to determine whether the persistent presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) is associated with a greater likelihood of having @entity4555 and/or anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies (LA/abeta2GPI). METHODS: Blood samples from 353 individuals who had been tested for aCL on at least two occasions were tested for abeta2GPI and LA. Two groups were defined: aCL-persistent, who tested aCL-positive on at least two occasions, and aCL non-persistent, who tested aCL-positive on fewer than two occasions. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed using LA/abeta2GPI, LA and abeta2GPI as outcome variables and the percentage of aCL-positive tests as the predictor variable, adjusted for age, gender, family history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ), @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), smoking and number of venous (VT) and @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ). RESULTS: Sixty-eight (19%) individuals were aCL persistent and 285 (81%) were aCL non-persistent. LA/abeta2GPI was found in 36 (53%) of the aCL persistent group and 38 (13%) of the aCL non-persistent group. The two groups were similar for age, gender and smoking. Family history of @entity65 , @entity1252 , VT and @entity3538 were more frequent in the aCL persistent group. Multivariate analyses revealed that odds ratios for LA/abeta2GPI, LA and abeta2GPI were 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.22-1.47], 1.36 (95% CI = 1.24-1.50) and 1.47 (95% CI = 1.31-1.65) respectively for each 10% increase in aCL-positive tests vs 0% positive tests. CONCLUSION: Persistence of aCL positivity is associated with an increased risk of LA/abeta2GPI.

title: The persistence of anticardiolipin antibodies is associated with an increased risk of the presence of XXXX and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['AT', 'arterial thromboses']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity4555 :: (MESH:C531622,Disease) :: ['lupus anticoagulant']


abstract: Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods were shown to be able to detect the subtle structural consequences of mild @entity131 (mTBI). The objective of this study was to investigate the acute structural alterations and recovery after mTBI, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to reveal axonal pathology, volumetric analysis, and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) to detect microhemorrhage. Fourteen @entity1 with mTBI who had computed tomography with negative results underwent MRI within 3 days and 1 month after injury. High resolution T1-weighted imaging, DTI, and SWI, were performed at both time points. A control group of 14 matched volunteers were also examined following the same imaging protocol and time interval. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) were performed on DTI data to reveal group differences. T1-weighted images were fed into Freesurfer volumetric analysis. TBSS showed fractional anisotropy (FA) to be significantly (corrected p<0.05) lower, and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) to be higher in the mTBI group in several white matter tracts (FA=40,737; @entity1893 =39,078 voxels) compared with controls at 72 hours after injury and still 1month later for FA. Longitudinal analysis revealed significant change (i.e., normalization) of FA and @entity1893 over 1 month dominantly in the left hemisphere (FA=3408; @entity1893 =7450 voxels). A significant (p<0.05) decrease in cortical volumes (mean 1%) and increase in ventricular volumes (mean 3.4%) appeared at 1 month after injury in the mTBI group. SWI did not reveal microhemorrhage in our @entity1 . Our findings present dynamic micro- and macrostructural changes occurring in the acute to sub-acute phase in mTBI, in very mildly injured @entity1 lacking microhemorrhage detectable by SWI. These results underscore the importance of strictly defined image acquisition time points when performing MRI studies on @entity1 with mTBI.

title: Multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging in the acute and sub-acute phase of mild XXXX : can we see the difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['mean diffusivity', 'MD']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: @entity442 ( @entity442 ) is an important mediator of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) action and it appeared tempting to evaluate possible clinical applications. Recombinant @entity442 was infused s.c. at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg of body weight per hour during 6 days in two healthy adult subjects. Blood @entity413 and fasting @entity2690 levels remained within normal limits and @entity5100 levels were suppressed. In contrast to @entity2690 , fasting C peptide levels were decreased. @entity2124 secretion was also suppressed by @entity442 . Our preliminary data allow us to distinguish between the effects of @entity2124 per se and those of @entity442 : @entity2124 causes hyperinsulinism, whereas @entity442 leads to decreased @entity2690 secretion. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by @entity1011 clearance, increased to 130% of preinfusion values during the @entity442 infusion. Total @entity1011 and @entity1133 excretion remained unchanged. We conclude that @entity442 influences kidney function and, in contrast to @entity2124 , exerts an @entity2690 -sparing effect. It may be speculated that the therapeutic spectrum of @entity442 is quite different from that of @entity2124 .

title: Effects of recombinant XXXX -like growth factor I on @entity2690 secretion and renal function in normal human subjects.

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review appendectomy cases in @entity1 at a small community hospital and to compare with experience at larger centers. DESIGN: A five-year retrospective study. SETTING: Bartlett Regional Hospital, Juneau, Alaska. @entity1 AND METHODS: Records of @entity1 age 14 and younger who underwent appendectomy from 1991 through 1996 were reviewed; 79 charts were found. Cases were grouped as @entity698 , @entity1442 , and appendectomy without @entity698 . Variables considered included: length of symptoms at first contact, time from onset until surgery, presence or absence of classical symptoms, @entity532 , length of hospital stay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 51 cases (64.6%) of @entity698 , 22 cases (27.9%) of @entity1442 , and 6 cases (7.6%) of normal appendix occurred. @entity1442 was high (66.7%) in @entity1 less than 5, and low (22.7%) in ages 10-14. Parental delay > 48 hours in seeking care was a significant factor in @entity1442 , professional delay (time from first exam until surgery) was not. @entity532 occurred in 7 (31.8%) cases of @entity1442 and in none of the cases with @entity698 . @entity1442 cases had an average hospital stay of 8.59 days (+/-2.92) vs. 3.86 days (+/-1.46) for @entity698 . Review of @entity698 in @entity1 at this hospital compared favorably with the experience at larger medical centers.

title: Acute appendicitis in XXXX in a community hospital: a five year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced appendicitis', 'Advanced disease', 'advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Post-surgical complications', 'post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis', 'simple appendicitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The authors had 15 female @entity1 aged from 20 to 35 years with various diseases of the breast which were marked by @entity39 of the skin and subcutaneous fat with involvement of 18 to 100% of the breast surface. The @entity39 was caused by phlegmonous and infiltrative abscess producing forms of @entity1271 in 18 and by @entity13171 in 7 cases. @entity39 and @entity13171 developed in the first 2 weeks after delivery, as a rule, in @entity1 with marked concomitant diseases of the heart and vessels. The @entity1 were hospitalized 7 to 29 days after the onset of the disease. The development of severe forms of @entity1558 was promoted by intensive manual abstraction of milk from the breast and retromammary antibiotic- @entity8162 blockades. After an operative intervention a complex of therapeutic measures was applied including semisynthetic antibiotics, agents containing protein globulin fractions, and @entity1503 , and artificial @entity2011 with preceding hemodilution was produced. All @entity1 underwent dermatoplasty with the use of a free split perforated skin graft. Lactorrhea in the region of the granulations was not a contraindication for surgical closure of the wound. Perforation of the skin graft was regarded a forced measure because the secretion of milk led to inevitable rejection of the transplant. The applied treatment produced quite satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.

title: [Dermatoplasty in the treatment of XXXX and breast erysipelas].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotic mastitis', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['novocaine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['dry and native blood plasma']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast diseases']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotic mastitis']