abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8526 and @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ) are common after myocardial revascularization using current methods of cold @entity1503 . The current retrospective study was undertaken to assess the influence of normothermic blood cardioplegia on @entity8526 and @entity4710 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The initial 92 @entity1 underwent @entity1503 at 6-8 degrees C. The subsequent 120 @entity1 underwent CPB and blood cardioplegia at 37 degrees C. In all @entity1 , cardioplegia was initially given by a combined antegrade/retrograde technique. The incidence of new postoperative conduction disturbances was significantly less in the normothermic group (p < 0.001): 27.5% versus 57.6% immediately after surgery; 9.2% versus 41.3% 1 day after surgery; 4.2% versus 32.6% 2 days after surgery; 1.7% versus 19.6% on hospital discharge; and 1.7% versus 17.4% on late follow-up. The incidence of @entity943 was not statistically different: 40.0% warm versus 42.4% cold. The groups were identical except that mean cross-clamp times were significantly longer (73.8 versus 60.1 minutes), mean number of grafts were significantly higher (3.7 versus 3.4), and mean cardioplegia volume was significantly greater (5,627 versus 3,710 ml) in the warm group (p < 0.05). In addition, the warm group had a higher incidence of prior transmural anterior @entity583 (35% versus 9.8%, p < 0.001) and emergency operation (16.7% versus 6.5%, p < 0.05). @entity908 kinase (CK) MB release was significantly less in the warm group immediately after operation (24.9 versus 60.9 units/l) and on @entity773 (19.2 versus 46.5 units/l) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Normothermic cardioplegia is associated with a marked decrease in new and permanent conduction disturbances and postoperative CK-MB release. This suggests that a significant factor in the pathogenesis of conduction blocks is cold-related injury. @entity943 were not affected by the type of cardioplegia given.

title: Effect of normothermic blood cardioplegia on postoperative conduction abnormalities and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic blood or crystalloid cardioplegia', 'cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 28 degrees C and blood cardioplegia']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['Conduction defects', 'conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'SVT']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias', 'Supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: Cognitive plasticity is a topic of interest since it allows us to analyse the potential cognitive modifiability of a @entity1 . Previous research has demonstrated the existence of plasticity in old age [Baltes, P. B. (1987). Theoretical propositions of life-span developmental psychology: On the dynamics between growth and decline. Developmental Psychology, 23(5), 611-626] regardless of presence or absence of @entity73 [Calero, M. D., _ Navarro, E. (2004). Relationship between plasticity, mild @entity73 and @entity73 . Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 19, 653-660]. In this context, the present study was designed to analyse the presence of plasticity in elderly @entity1 who seemed to present @entity73 , and to explore the relation between cognitive plasticity and the results obtained from a memory training programme. One hundred and thirty-three elderly @entity1 participated in the study and were evaluated by means of a cognitive plasticity test (Position test) and various tests for measuring the effects of the training. Part of the elderly population received the memory training, whose effects were measured immediately after the training and again after 9 months. The results demonstrate that the programme significantly improves cognitive performance, while plasticity is shown to be an important modulating variable on the improvement achieved.

title: Cognitive plasticity as a modulating variable on the effects of memory training in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline', 'cognitive deterioration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: Male @entity19 homozygous for a null mutation in the protein phosphatase-1c gamma (PP1c gamma) gene are infertile, displaying a severe impairment in spermatogenesis that is not compensated by the presence of PP1c alpha and PP1c beta in mutant testes. A lack of the @entity21645 splice variant seems the most likely cause of the mutant phenotype, as it is the most heavily expressed PP1c gamma isoform in wild type testes. Yeast two-hybrid screening using @entity21645 has identified several new binding partners, including endophilin B1t, a testis enriched isoform of endophilin B1a which differs from the somatic form by virtue of a @entity1473 terminal deletion spanning the last 10 @entity1522 . The testis isoform did not show an interaction with PP1c alpha, or with a truncated @entity21645 mutant lacking the unique @entity1473 terminus. In contrast, somatic endophilin B1a did not interact with any of the PP1c isoforms. Sedimentation and co-immunoprecipitation experiments using native testis proteins verified binding of endophilin B1t to @entity21645 . Immunohistochemistry on wild type testis sections revealed a stage specific expression pattern for endophilin that appeared concentrated at discrete puncta throughout the seminiferous epithelium. Punctate endophilin expression in cells adjacent to the lumen was absent in PP1c gamma null @entity19 . Phosphatase assays indicate that chimeric endophilin B1t is able to inhibit recombinant @entity21645 activity toward phosphorylase a while having little effect on the activity of PP1c alpha. A potential role for endophilin B1t in @entity1 spermatogenesis is discussed within the context of the PP1c gamma knockout testis phenotype.

title: A testis specific isoform of endophilin B1, endophilin B1t, interacts specifically with protein phosphatase-1c gamma2 in XXXX testis and is abnormally expressed in PP1c gamma null @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the pressure generated during the intraligamentary injection technique on the occurrence of root and bone resorptions in @entity235 . Five beagles were used in the study, and interventions were scheduled to provide observation periods at 7, 25, and 45 days. One hundred five sites on the @entity235 were divided into three groups: (1) those subjected to needle penetration; (2) those subjected to saline solution injection; and (3) the control sites. Injections were made with a specially designed syringe equipped with a miniaturized force transducer. The @entity235 were then killed, and block sections of the sites were made and treated in accord with standard histologic procedures. The mean number of osteoclasts and odontoclasts was calculated for each group, and the mean value of @entity2527 angle was measured. Data were then analyzed statistically. Results showed that, at 7 days, needle penetration and saline solution injection caused @entity2527 activity and bone resorption; the number of osteoclasts and the extent bone resorption were greater in the group that received the injection of saline solution. No difference was found for the odontoclastic activity and tooth resorption. A correlation was found between the force developed during injection, the mean number of osteoclasts, and the mean angle of @entity2527 . At 25 and 45 days, healing had occurred. These findings suggest that fluid pressure within the periodontal ligament is sufficient to initiate @entity2527 , reversible bone resorption.

title: Bone and root resorption. Effects of the force developed during periodontal ligament injections in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclastic', 'bone and tooth resorption']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Thermoablation is being used to eliminate the metaplastic epithelium of @entity355 and allow its reversal into squamous epithelium in an acid-controlled environment. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of a new thermoablation technique, @entity3503 plasma coagulation. METHODS: @entity1 with circumferential @entity355 2 to 5 cm long were enrolled. Acid suppression was accomplished with @entity10042 . One-half the circumference of @entity355 was treated with @entity3503 plasma coagulation, and the other half served as an internal control. After macroscopic @entity1544 occurred, biopsy specimens were obtained from both areas systematically. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 , all @entity1 with a mean age of 51.1 years, completed the study. During 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring a pH less than 4 occurred on average 2.8% of the time with a mean dose of @entity10042 of 70 mg/day. Squamous re-epithelialization developed in treated areas in all 9 @entity1 . Biopsy showed that 7 of 9 @entity1 (77.8%) had @entity1544 without @entity1944 . Biopsy showed that 2 of 9 @entity1 (22.2%) had @entity1544 with evidence of underlying @entity1944 . There were no serious complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3503 plasma coagulation in an acid-controlled environment was both efficacious and safe in the treatment of @entity355 . However, the reappearance of squamous epithelium after therapy did not exclude the presence of underlying @entity1944 .

title: The efficacy and safety of @entity3503 plasma coagulation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's mucosa"]

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous re-epithelialization']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The study was aimed at investigating the best biotransformation conditions to increase intracellular @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels in samples of @entity375 ( @entity375 ) employing either the commercially available compressed and dried forms. @entity413 , @entity2197 precursors @entity1522 , as well as other cofactors, were dissolved in a biotransformation solution and @entity375 cells were added (5%dcw). Two @entity13875 ( @entity13875 ) were performed in sequence: in the first step the influence of @entity535 composition ( @entity462 , @entity2228 , @entity367 and @entity563 ) on @entity2197 accumulation was investigated; once their formulation was set up, the influence of other components was studied. Initial @entity2197 content was found 0.53 and 0.47%dcw for compressed and dried forms. @entity2197 accumulation ability of @entity375 in compressed form was higher at the beginning of shelf life, that is, in the first week, and a maximum of 2.04%dcw was obtained. Performance of @entity375 in dried form was not found satisfactory, as the maximum @entity2197 level was 1.18%dcw. When @entity462 lacks from the reaction solution, @entity375 cells do not accumulate @entity2197 . With dried @entity375 , the highest @entity2197 yields occurred when @entity462 was set at 3 g/L, @entity2228 and @entity367 at least at 4 g/L, without @entity563 . Employing compressed @entity375 , the highest @entity2197 yields occurred when @entity462 and @entity367 were set at 2-3 g/L, while @entity2228 and @entity563 higher than 2 g/L. Results allowed to set up an optimal and feasible procedure to obtain @entity2197 -enriched @entity375 biomass, with up to threefold increase with respect to initial content.

title: Post-fermentative production of XXXX by @entity375 ( @entity375 ) in compressed and dried forms.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['response surface central composite designs', 'RSCCDs']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae', "baker's yeast"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity561 for the treatment of @entity170 / @entity2331 secondary to @entity1378 . METHODS: From April 2008 to November 2009, 27 @entity1 with @entity1378 with @entity170 / @entity2331 measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were included in this study, and then they were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B) by simple random sampling. Group A consisted of 14 @entity1 treated with antithyroid drug and caltrate D, the antithyroid drug change with thyroid function, and caltrate D 600 mg per day. Group B consisted of 13 @entity1 treated with antithyroid drug, caltrate D and @entity561 , antithyroid drug and caltrate D the same as group A, and @entity561 70 mg weekly. Meanwhile, 21 healthy voluntary adults were chosen as control group. And compared with the control group which was treated with nothing. Followed-up for one year, the bone mineral density (including T-score, Z-score, @entity1555 ) in lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and distal radius (DR) and general information, were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: @entity1555 at FN and DR were significantly higher at 12 months after treatment than at the baseline in group A (P = 0.000); T-score, Z-score, and @entity1555 at the LS, FN and DR were all significantly higher at 12 months after treatment than at the baseline in group B (P < 0.05), but these data could not arrive to normal level. In group A, the percentage increased in @entity1555 at the LS, FN, and DR were (4.34 +/- 10.5)%, (3.21 +/- 1.38)%, (1.95 +/- 0.44)%, respectively, at 12 months after treatment. In group B, the percentage increased in @entity1555 at the LS, FN, and DR were (6.10 +/- 8.12)%, (4.10 +/- 5.64)%, (3.10 +/- 3.23)%, respectively, at 12 months after treatment. There was significant difference in the rate of increase between two groups (P < 0.05). AKP decreased, weight, BMI increased, and thyroid function decreased, after treatment than those before in both of the two groups. (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity561 can significantly increase @entity1555 in @entity15296 @entity1 with @entity1378 and @entity170 / @entity2331 . Compared with anti-thyroid drugs alone, treatment with @entity561 can obtain more clinical effect and also very safety.

title: [Clinical application of XXXX for @entity170 / @entity2331 secondary to @entity1378 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate', 'Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: @entity130 is one of the most complex biological processes and occurs in all tissues and organs of the body. In @entity1 , fibrotic tissue, or scar, hinders function and is aesthetically unappealing. Stem cell therapy offers a promising new technique for aiding in wound healing; however, current findings show that stem cells typically die and/or migrate from the wound site, greatly decreasing efficacy of the treatment. Here, we demonstrate effectiveness of a stem cell therapy for improving wound healing in the skin and reducing @entity2318 by introducing stem cells using a natural patch material. Adipose-derived stromal cells were introduced to excisional wounds created in @entity19 using a nonimmunogenic extracellular matrix (ECM) patch material derived from porcine small-intestine submucosa (SIS). The SIS served as an attractive delivery vehicle because of its natural ECM components, including its collagen fiber network, providing the stem cells with a familiar structure. Experimental groups consisted of wounds with stem cell-seeded patches removed at different time points after wounding to determine an optimal treatment protocol. Stem cells delivered alone to skin wounds did not survive post-transplantation as evidenced by bioluminescence in vivo imaging. In contrast, delivery with the patch enabled a significant increase in stem cell proliferation and survival. @entity130 rates were moderately improved by treatment with stem cells on the patch; however, areas of @entity82 , indicating @entity2318 , were significantly reduced in wounds treated with the stem cells on the patch compared to untreated wounds.

title: Effective delivery of stem cells using an extracellular matrix patch results in increased cell survival and proliferation and reduced XXXX in skin wound healing.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Wound healing']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['scarring']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors have previously demonstrated that modulation of the @entity2124 (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity442 ) axis can significantly affect @entity1653 growth in vitro. These studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity9045 blockade in vivo. METHODS: Primary cultures from 15 @entity5 obtained in @entity1 were xenografted into athymic @entity19 . Approximately 1.5 million cells from each of the 15 @entity5 were implanted into the flanks of two female @entity19 , one pair for each @entity5 . One animal from each of the 15 pairs was then treated with the @entity9045 antagonist pegvisomant and the other with vehicle alone for 8 weeks. The @entity5 volume was measured using digital calipers three times per week. The mean @entity5 volume at the initiation of injections was 284 +/- 18.8 mm3 in the vehicle group and 291.1 +/- 20 mm3 in the pegvisomant group. After 8 weeks of treatment, the mean volume of @entity5 in the pegvisomant group was 198.3 +/- 18.9 mm3 compared with 350.1 +/- 23.5 mm3 for the vehicle group (p < 0.001). The serum @entity442 concentration in the vehicle group was 319 +/- 12.9 microg/L compared with 257 +/- 9.7 in the pegvisomant group (p < 0.02). A small but significant decrease was observed in circulating IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels, whereas slight increases occurred with respect to serum @entity10116 and @entity12561 levels. In the placebo group the @entity5 weight was 0.092 +/- 0.01 g compared with 0.057 +/- 0.01 g in the pegvisomant group (p < 0.02). The @entity442 and @entity5100 concentrations were measured in the @entity5 by using a tissue extraction method. These @entity1 -specific immunoassays demonstrated that there was no autocrine production of @entity442 in any of the @entity5 , either in the pegvisomant or vehicle group. The @entity442 levels were highly variable (0-38.2 ng/g tissue) and did not differ significantly between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: In an in vivo @entity5 model, downregulation of the @entity2124 / @entity442 axis significantly reduces @entity1653 growth and, in some instances, causes @entity5 regression. Because the concentrations of @entity5100 in @entity5 did not vary with pegvisomant treatment and there was no autocrine @entity442 production by the @entity5 , the mechanism of the antitumor effect is most likely a decrease of @entity442 in the circulation and/or surrounding host tissues. Because the authors have previously demonstrated that the @entity9045 is ubiquitously expressed in @entity1653 , direct blockade of the @entity9045 on the @entity5 may also be contributing to inhibitory actions.

title: Antitumor activity of the XXXX antagonist pegvisomant against @entity1 @entity1653 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'meningioma tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity9045 :: (2690,Gene) :: ['growth hormone receptor']


abstract: @entity9474 ( @entity9474 ) type la is characterized by multihormone resistance and a constellation of somatic features referred to as @entity29257 . Several mutations in the gene coding for the Gs alpha subunit ( @entity2163 ) have been described. Clinical symptoms are heterogeneous and initially laboratory parameters may be normal. We identified a 4 base pair deletion within @entity2163 in two affected siblings with @entity9474 type la and their mother with presumed pseudo @entity9474 . The female proband was diagnosed after an episode of apnoea and @entity410 . The younger brother was asymptomatic during infancy and had normal plasma parameters. @entity9474 was diagnosed at the age of 4.4 years. Regular check-ups of siblings in families with index cases are therefore important. Molecular genetic analyses or biochemical screening for stimulatory @entity6370 binding protein defects should be performed. CONCLUSION: Different symptoms may be seen in @entity1 with the same mutation causing @entity9474 or @entity29259 . Therefore, clinical and biochemical investigations should be performed in all family members with an index @entity1 .

title: Stimulatory XXXX binding protein subunit 1 mutation in two siblings with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a and mother with @entity29259 .

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism', 'PHP', 'Pseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity29257 :: ('MESH:C537045', 'Disease') :: ['Albright hereditary osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity29259 :: ('MESH:D011556', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism']

answer: @entity6370 :: (CHEBI:61292,Chemical) :: ['guanine nucleotide']


abstract: Until 1996, no guidelines existed for the initiation of dialysis in @entity1 with progressive @entity177 . The publication of the National Kidney Foundation-Dialysis Outcome Quality Initiative guidelines has generated a debate on the management of @entity177 and the role of @entity258 ( @entity258 ). We performed a review of the literature to identify articles on the initiation of dialysis and @entity258 , particularly those since 1996. Delayed referral of @entity1 is widespread in both the United States and Europe, and almost 25% of @entity1 are started on dialysis at a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <5 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2. There is a high prevalence of @entity3147 at the time of first dialysis, which progressively improves upon initiation of dialysis. There is no evidence regarding the efficacy or safety of @entity258 in nondiabetic @entity1 younger than 70 years old [approximately 40% of U.S. incident @entity454 ( @entity454 ) @entity1 ] and in diabetics with GFR <25 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2 (>40% of incident U.S. @entity454 ). In nondiabetics who are younger than 70 years old, adherence to LPD for four to five years can be estimated to result in a delay in dialysis by 6 to 11 months. However, suboptimal energy intake is widespread in @entity177 , which declines further upon institution of LPD. Even nutritionally sound @entity1 develop subclinical nutritional decline despite intense counseling. There are no data on the efficacy or safety of LPD in subgroups that constitute approximately 80% of incident @entity454 @entity1 . Concerns still exist regarding their nutritional safety in the remainder. Initiation of dialysis results in improved nutritional status and should be considered in a timely fashion.

title: Treatment of @entity177 : XXXX or timely initiation of dialysis?

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-protein diets', 'LPDs']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low-protein diets']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current dynamic walking tests, used in studies with older adults with @entity303 , rely strongly on healthy cognitive and physical function. Therefore, the Groningen Meander Walking Test (GMWT) was developed specifically for @entity1 with @entity303 . The aim of the GMWT is to measure dynamic walking ability by walking over a meandering curved line, with an emphasis on walking speed and stepping accuracy, while changing direction. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility, test-retest reliability, and minimal detectable change (MDC) of the GMWT. DESIGN: A repeated-measures design was used. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 with @entity303 participated in the study. Adherence rate, adverse events, repetition of instructions during test performance, test duration, and number of oversteps were assessed. RESULTS: The adherence rate was excellent, with no adverse events. No repetitive instructions were given during test performance, and test duration was short (mean=17.16 seconds) with few oversteps (mean=1.94 oversteps). Test-retest reliability for @entity1 without a walking device was excellent for the GMWT time score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=.942), with an MDC of 2.96 seconds. Test-retest reliability for @entity1 with a 4-wheeled walker (4WW) was moderate (ICC=.837), with an MDC of 10.35 seconds. For the overstep score, a marginal ICC of .630 was found, with an MDC of 4.38 oversteps. LIMITATIONS: No fall data were available, and there was a volunteer bias. CONCLUSIONS: The GMWT is a feasible test for @entity1 with @entity303 . With the GMWT time score, a reliable and sensitive field test to measure walking abilities in older adults with @entity303 is available. The GMWT overstep score can be used to give information about the execution according to protocol and should be emphasized during the instructions. Future studies need to investigate the validity of the GMWT.

title: The Groningen Meander Walking Test: a dynamic walking test for older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A myothermal/mechanical analysis on non-failing and failing @entity1 hearts and normal and pressure overloaded @entity95 hearts is reported. Heat production is partitioned into tension-dependent and tension-independent components together with force measurements to provide information about @entity460 and cross-bridge cycling. In the non-failing @entity1 heart the cross-bridge force-time integral is 0.51 +/- 0.06 (ns). This value is increased to 0.97 +/- 0.09 (P less than 0.05 s) in failing hearts. In control as compared to pressure-overload @entity95 hearts the cross-bridge force-time integral increases from 0.36 +/- 0.02 to 0.96 +/- 0.11 (P less than 0.05 s). The increase in force-time integral allows the heart muscle to develop force with greater economy (less high energy @entity1391 hydrolysis) but at the expense of velocity and power. The amount of @entity460 cycled following activation in non-failing @entity1 hearts is 32.2 +/- 8.17 nmoles.g-1.-beat-1. In the failing preparations @entity460 cycling is reduced to 16.7 +/- 1.72 nmoles.g-1.-beat-1. In pressure-overloaded hypertrophied, as compared with control @entity95 hearts, the @entity460 cycled per beat is reduced from 43.0 +/- 7.3 to 17.6 +/- 3.4 nmoles.g-1. It is suggested that the alterations in cross-bridge cycling are more likely to be related to isoenzyme shifts in light chains or troponin T than to @entity3999 isoforms. The @entity460 cycling changes are well correlated with changes in the sarcoplasmic reticular and sarcolemmal @entity460 transport proteins. The alterations in the contractile and excitation contractions coupling systems contribute to the functional changes observed in the failing @entity1 and pressure-overload @entity95 hearts.

title: The reorganization of the @entity1 and XXXX heart in response to haemodynamic overload.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: CONTEXT: Although observational studies suggest that clinical pathways may decrease costs and improve quality in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity497 , inferences from these studies are limited by potential selection bias and inadequate case-mix adjustment. OBJECTIVE: To compare the assessment of a clinical pathway for @entity497 with and without adjusting for @entity1 characteristics and disease severity. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. @entity1 AND SETTING: Consecutive series of adult @entity1 admitted with clinical diagnosis of @entity497 , treated with either a clinical pathway (which included guidelines for antibiotics, tests, and ancillary care) or usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total hospital charges, length of stay, clinical deterioration (requiring mechanical ventilation or intensive care unit transfer), and in-hospital mortality. We used multiple linear and logistic regression to adjust for @entity1 case mix. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 receiving usual care (n = 275), @entity1 in the pathway group (n = 97) were more likely to be treated by family physicians than specialists and had lower @entity55 severity scores. In the unadjusted analysis, total hospital charges were lower among pathway @entity1 ( 2456; 95% CI,  175 to  4737; P = 0.04); in the adjusted analysis, the difference in total charges was smaller (average reduction  1807; CI,  4164 lower to  549 higher; P = 0.13). In the unadjusted analysis, length of stay was lower among pathway @entity1 (1.8 days lower; CI, 3.9 lower to 0.4 higher; P = 0.12); in the adjusted analysis, the difference in length of stay was smaller (0.9 days lower; CI, 3.2 lower to 1.3 higher; P = 0.4). Although unadjusted analysis showed significantly lower in-hospital mortality in pathway @entity1 , this difference was not confirmed in the adjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pathways may reduce costs and improve quality of care in @entity497 . In nonrandomized studies, however, selection bias and case-mix differences may explain some of the apparent effectiveness.

title: Judging the effectiveness of clinical pathways for XXXX : the role of risk adjustment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: To assess the potential structural changes of the biliary tree and the liver in @entity1 with @entity2876 , the resected specimens of 20 @entity1 operated on for benign biliary stricture, were evaluated by means of immunocytochemical, histological and scanning electronmicroscopic studies. Furthermore, liver biopsies were taken for the same purposes. Our results showed that in the dilated segment of the hepatic duct proximal to the stricture, innervation was greatly reduced or completely absent with associated advanced morphological and histological changes and high intrabiliary pressure levels. Similar findings were observed in the liver biopsies, too. These biopsies showed advanced morphological and histological changes associated with reduced innervation. In contrast, the nondilated segment of the hepatic duct, distal to the obstruction, showed normal innervation, normal morphological and histological findings and normal levels of intrabiliary pressure. The present study provides evidence that in cases of @entity2876 , there is a feature of advanced pathological changes in the biliary tree associated with alterations in innervation. These structural changes are associated with functional changes in both the liver and the biliary tree. These functional changes represent a threat to the @entity1 , in particular if major surgery is required. Increased biliary pressure appears to be a major cause of the development of these changes. Biliary drainage, either surgical or endoscopic, is indicated as the sole alternative, to reduce the intrabiliary pressure and to contribute to a reversal of these structural and functional changes.

title: Structural and functional biliary tree changes secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['extrahepatic biliary obstruction']


abstract: Studies suggest that @entity165 imbalance in the brain might be related to the development of @entity16 . @entity13482 is a well-known amphiphile which inhibits intracellular @entity165 transport in treated cells. We have previously shown that @entity13482 leads to apoptosis and @entity165 accumulation in primary cortical neurons, which is associated with activation of caspases and calpains, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and increased oxidative stress markers. However, the mechanisms involved in @entity13482 -mediated apoptosis remain unknown. In this report, we sought to gain an insight into the molecular processes contributing to the neuronal apoptosis induced by @entity13482 . The microarray approach was used in conjunction with proteomics techniques to identify specific proteins which may serve as signature biomarkers during @entity13482 treatment. Eleven differentially expressed proteins were correlated at the gene expression level in a time-dependent manner. These proteins have been shown to play a role in lipid metabolism and transport, responses to cell death, protein folding and trafficking, and regulation of transcription. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins might provide a clue to decipher the intracellular biochemical changes during @entity13482 -mediated neuronal apoptosis. Our results provide, for the first time, a combined microarray and proteomics analysis of neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular @entity165 transport. This new insight may greatly facilitate the study of @entity179 .

title: Neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular XXXX transport: microarray and proteomics analyses in cultured murine cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that an increasing intake of @entity167 accelerates the course of chronic @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective record analysis and subsequent prospective follow-up of 372 @entity1 with chronic @entity788 , we separately compared the clinical course of chronic @entity788 among the following @entity1 : those with early-onset @entity1689 and no @entity167 intake (group A [n=25]) and those with late-onset @entity1689 and no @entity167 intake (group B [n=41]), low @entity167 intake (< 50 g/d) (group C [n=57]), and high @entity167 intake (> or = 50 g/d) (group D [n=249]). From medical records, physical examinations, questionnaires, @entity204 certificates, or autopsy reports, we obtained information on sex, age, signs and symptoms ( @entity158 severity, @entity730 , endocrine and exocrine insufficiency), complications, surgery, and survival. RESULTS: Group D had the highest percentage of @entity1 (72%). At the onset of chronic @entity788 , @entity1 in group A were significantly younger than those in groups B, C, and D (P<.05), and severity of @entity158 was significantly greater in @entity1 in group A than in groups B, C, and D (P<.05). The percentage of @entity1 who eventually developed @entity3210 was similar in all groups. Among @entity1 in groups B, C, and D, an increasing intake of @entity167 from zero to less than 50 g/d to more than 50 g/d was associated with earlier inception of disease (P<.001). @entity158 prevalence at onset was less in group B @entity1 than in @entity1 in groups C and D (P<.05). Intake of a large amount of @entity167 (group D) shortened time to @entity730 and survival (P<.05). In addition, @entity1 in group D had more complications ( @entity292 , @entity9007 , @entity733 , and @entity253 ) (P<.05) than those in groups A and B. More @entity1 in group A underwent pancreatic surgery compared with @entity1 in groups B and C. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with onset of chronic @entity788 after age 35 years, @entity167 intake, even less than 50 g/d, induced @entity66 characterized by more frequent severe @entity158 , @entity730 , and complications. Intake of large amounts of @entity167 (> or = 50 g/d) reduced time to @entity730 and @entity204 .

title: The effect of small amounts of @entity167 on the clinical course of chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['earlier disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine or exocrine insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 is strongly associated with human @entity4107 or DQ8 genotypes. The diagnosis is based on demonstrating crypt-hyperplastic @entity194 , endomysial or transglutaminase antibodies and correlation of disease activity with gluten intake. AIM: To evaluate the clinical utility of HLA-DQ typing, when @entity66 diagnosis had previously been established solely by histology. METHODS: HLA-DQ alleles, endomysial and transglutaminase antibodies were investigated and histology slides reviewed in 70 @entity1 diagnosed 2-25 years earlier by small-intestinal biopsy but without measuring endomysial or transglutaminase antibodies. Patients without @entity7922 or DQ8 or without unequivocal @entity194 were followed-up on free diet by using serology and biopsies. RESULTS: All 40 endomysial/transglutaminase antibodies positive @entity1 carried @entity7922 or DQ8, and 39 of them had severe @entity194 . Only 56% of @entity1 without endomysial or transglutaminase antibodies positivity had @entity7922 or DQ8 (P < 0.001). Seropositivity and relapse developed in 4 of 11 @entity7922 positive but in none of 15 @entity7922 and DQ8 negative @entity1 on long-term gluten exposure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity66 diagnosis based solely on histology is not always reliable. HLA-DQ typing is important in identifying @entity7922 and DQ8 negative subjects who need revision of their diagnosis, but it does not have additive diagnostic value if endomysial positivity is already known.

title: Diagnostic significance of HLA-DQ typing in XXXX with previous @entity66 diagnosis based on histology alone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Transfection into myogenic and nonmyogenic cell lines was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the @entity1 alpha-skeletal actin gene. We demonstrated that 1,300 base pairs of the 5'-flanking region directed high-level transient expression of the bacterial @entity2755 acetyltransferase gene in differentiated @entity19 C2C12 and @entity35 L8 myotubes but not in @entity19 nonmuscle L.TK- and HuT-12 cells. Unidirectional 5' deletion analysis and heterologous promoter stimulation experiments demonstrated that at least three transcription-regulating subdomains lie in this 1,300-base-pair region. A proximal cis-acting transcriptional element located between positions -153 and -87 relative to the start of transcription at +1 was both sufficient and necessary for muscle-specific expression and developmental regulation during myogenesis in the two myogenic cell systems. The region 3' of position -87 interacted with factors present in both myogenic and fibroblastic cells and appeared to define, or to be a major component of, the basal promoter. In C2C12 myotubes, but not in L8 myotubes, a distal sequence domain between positions -1300 and -626 and the proximal sequence domain between positions -153 and -87 each induced transcription about 10-fold and synergistically increased CAT expression 100-fold over levels achieved by the sequences 3' of position -87. Furthermore, these cis-acting elements independently and synergistically modulated an enhancerless, heterologous @entity2235 promoter in a tissue-specific manner. DNA fragments which included the proximal domain displayed classical enhancerlike properties. The central region between positions -626 and -153, although required in neither cell line, had a positive, two- to threefold, additive role in augmenting expression in L8 cells but not in C2C12 cells. This suggests that certain elements between positions -1300 and -153 appear to be differentially utilized for maximal expression in different myogenic cells and that the particular combination of domains used is dependent on the availability, in kind or amount, of trans-acting, transcription-modulating factors present in each cell type. Thus, multiple myogenic factors that vary qualitatively and quantitatively may be responsible for the different and complex modulatory programs of actin gene expression observed during in vivo muscle differentiation.

title: Multiple 5'-flanking regions of the XXXX alpha-skeletal actin gene synergistically modulate muscle-specific expression.

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Direct or indirect methods can be used to determine the DE and ME of feed ingredients for @entity1707 . In situations when only the indirect approach is suitable, the regression method presents a robust indirect approach. Three experiments were conducted to compare the direct and regression methods for determining the DE and ME values of @entity2247 , @entity1101 , and @entity3505 for @entity1707 . In each experiment, 24 barrows with an average initial BW of 31, 32, and 33 kg were assigned to 4 diets in a randomized complete block design. The 4 diets consisted of 969 g @entity2247 , @entity1101 , or @entity3505 /kg plus minerals and vitamins for the direct method; a @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal reference diet (RD); the RD + 300 g @entity2247 , @entity1101 , or @entity3505 /kg; and the RD + 600 g @entity2247 , @entity1101 , or @entity3505 /kg. The 3 @entity4336 - @entity1460 meal diets were used for the regression method. Each diet was fed to 6 barrows in individual metabolism crates for a 5-d acclimation followed by a 5-d period of total but separate collection of feces and urine in each experiment. Graded substitution of @entity2247 or @entity3505 , but not @entity1101 , into the RD linearly reduced ( < 0.05) dietary DE and ME. The direct method-derived DE and ME for @entity2247 were 3,669 and 3,593 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively. The regressions of @entity2247 contribution to DE and ME in kilocalories against the quantity of @entity2247 DMI in kilograms generated 3,746 kcal DE/kg @entity3918 and 3,647 kcal ME/kg @entity3918 . The DE and ME for @entity1101 by the direct method were 4,097 and 4,042 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively; the corresponding regression-derived estimates were 4,145 and 4,066 kcal/kg @entity3918 . Using the direct method, energy values for @entity3505 were 3,953 kcal DE/kg @entity3918 and 3,889 kcal ME/kg @entity3918 . The regressions of @entity3505 contribution to DE and ME in kilocalories against the quantity of @entity3505 DMI in kilograms generated 3,960 kcal DE/kg @entity3918 and 3,874 kcal ME/kg @entity3918 . The DE and ME of @entity2247 using the direct method were not different (0.3 < < 0.4) from those obtained using the regression method (3,669 vs. 3,746 and 3,593 vs. 3,647 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively). The direct method-derived DE and ME of @entity1101 were not different (0.5 < < 0.7) from those obtained using the regression method (4,097 vs. 4,145 and 4,042 vs. 4,066 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively). The direct method- and regression method-derived DE (3,953 and 3,960 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively) and ME (3,889 and 3,874 kcal/kg @entity3918 , respectively) of @entity3505 were not different (0.8 < < 0.9). Results of these 3 experiments suggest that regression and direct methods do not give different estimates of DE and ME in @entity2247 , @entity1101 , and @entity3505 for @entity1707 .

title: Regression and direct methods do not give different estimates of digestible and metabolizable energy values of @entity2247 , @entity1101 , and XXXX for @entity1707 .

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The effects of prolonged exposure to @entity2625 bleaching agents on dentin structural integrity are uncertain. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of in vitro prolonged tooth bleaching on the @entity174 toughness (K(1C)) of @entity1 dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dentin from recently extracted molar teeth was directly or indirectly treated to simulate a prolonged at-home (10% @entity12946 or 3% @entity273 , 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks) or in-office (30% @entity273 , 1 hour/week for 8 weeks) bleaching regimen (N=8/group). Placebo gel and distilled water acted as control materials. Compact tension test specimens (approximately 4.60 x 4.50 x 1.60 mm) were prepared from coronal dentin and tensile loading was applied at a rate of 10 mm/min 24 hours after the last bleaching session. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). For direct bleach application, the treatment materials were applied onto dentin that was already prepared as compact tension specimens. For indirect bleach application, bleach was applied to the enamel of intact teeth prior to specimen preparation. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in dentin K(1C) after 8 weeks of direct bleach treatment (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the bleach and control groups after 8 weeks of indirect bleach treatment (p=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: The in vitro @entity174 resistance of dentin was reduced after the prolonged use of bleach products that were applied directly to dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Caution should be considered when using bleach for prolonged treatment times in clinical cases where there is dentin exposure such as occlusal attrition or @entity1464 .

title: Effect of prolonged direct and indirect @entity2625 bleaching on XXXX toughness of @entity1 dentin.

entities_list: @entity1464 :: ('MESH:D005889', 'Disease') :: ['gingival recession']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity12946 :: ('MESH:C009096', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamide peroxide']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of severe @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) treated with autologous intestinal reconstruction (AIR) surgery to facilitate independence of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). METHODS: @entity3147 , growth, nutritional status, liver function, and survival were comparatively assessed in @entity5277 @entity1 treated with (n=10) or without (n=18) AIR surgery. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 9.2 (4.9-14) years. Residual small intestinal length was 28 cm at birth. A total of 13 AIR procedures were performed at median age of 16 (11-41) months: serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP; n=8), @entity12256 ( @entity12256 ; n=2), and tapering enteroplasty (n=3). Following STEP and @entity12256 , length of the remaining small intestine increased by 19 (15-38) cm or 43% (38%-64%). Two @entity1 required repeat STEP due to recurrence of symptoms and bowel re-dilatation. Median duration of @entity3147 was 12 (11-17) months before and 14 (0-19) months after AIR. Eight @entity1 remain off @entity3147 6.9 (3.6-9.7) years after surgery, and one with ultra short bowel (12 cm) receives 12% of energy as @entity3147 - all with reassuring growth and nutritional status and normal liver function. @entity3147 , including those who died on @entity3147 , was similar (P=0.19) with or without AIR surgery being 30% and 20% at four years, respectively. Complications of AIR surgery (lymphocele, @entity548 ) resolved without operative interventions. Survival was 90% with and 83% without AIR procedures. CONCLUSIONS: AIR surgery can provide long-term survival, independence of @entity3147 , and satisfactory general health in selected @entity1 with severe @entity5277 .

title: Long-term controlled outcomes after autologous intestinal reconstruction surgery in treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction, and staple line bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'Actuarial PN dependence', 'PN', 'PN dependence']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'short bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity12256 :: ('MESH:D050489', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal lengthening and tailoring', 'LILT']

answer: @entity5277 :: (MESH:D012778,Disease) :: ['short bowel syndrome']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with increased @entity453 risk. This is at least partially mediated by increased prevalence of other risk factors such as dyslipidaemia and @entity2690 resistance. Various anthropometric indices have been used to quantify generalised and central @entity28 . Correlations between these measurements and risk factors are specific to the population and findings cannot be extrapolated to other ethnic groups. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple means of estimating percentage body fat. We compared body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-hip ratio (WHR) and percentage body fat measure by BIA as predictors of fasting lipid profiles and @entity2690 resistance in 109 Singaporean Chinese. BMI was significantly correlated with @entity2690 resistance and there appeared to be a threshold at 26 kg/m2 above which the regression line became more steep. WHR best predicted fasting @entity412 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . In @entity1 , it was inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein @entity165 . A similar association was seen in @entity1 but this did not reach statistical significance. We conclude that measurement of BMI and WHR should be part of the assessment of cardiovascular risk in our population as they connote different aspects of risk. BIA was not found to be a useful tool for the prediction of @entity453 risk factors in our population.

title: Measurement of @entity28 by anthropometry and bioelectric impedance analysis: correlation with fasting lipids and XXXX resistance in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Several large epidemiological studies have reported an inverse relationship between blood pressure and physical activity. However, longitudinal intervention studies are more appropriate for assessing the effects of physical activity. We performed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials involving dynamic aerobic endurance training or resistance training. The meta-analysis on endurance training involved 72 trials and 105 study groups. After weighting for the number of trained @entity1 , training induced significant net reductions in resting and daytime ambulatory blood pressure of, respectively, 3.0/2.4 mmHg (P<0.001) and 3.3/3.5 mmHg (P<0.01). The reduction in resting blood pressure was more pronounced in the 30 @entity101 study groups (-6.9/-4.9) than in the others (-1.9/-1.6; P<0.001 for all). Systemic vascular resistance decreased by 7.1% (P<0.05), plasma @entity1063 by 29% (P<0.001), and plasma @entity916 activity by 20% (P<0.05). Body weight decreased by 1.2 kg (P<0.001), waist circumference by 2.8 cm (P<0.001), percentage body fat by 1.4% (P<0.001) and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance by 0.31 units (P<0.01); high-density lipoprotein @entity165 increased by 0.032 mmol/l (P<0.05). Resistance training has been less well studied. A meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials (12 study groups) on mostly dynamic resistance training revealed a weighted net reduction in blood pressure of 3.2 (P=0.10)/3.5 (P<0.01) mmHg associated with exercise. Endurance training decreases blood pressure through a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, in which the sympathetic nervous system and the @entity916 -angiotensin system appear to be involved, and favourably affects concomitant cardiovascular risk factors. The few available data suggest that resistance training can reduce blood pressure. Exercise is a cornerstone therapy for the prevention, treatment and control of @entity101 .

title: Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity876 and @entity14050 are central checkpoint genes involved in the repair of DNA damage after ionising irradiation, which has been associated with risk of @entity1313 . Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms and haplotypes in @entity876 and @entity14050 could be associated with @entity11 and @entity1653 risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six hundred and eighty @entity11 cases (298 @entity463 ( @entity463 )), 503 @entity1653 cases, and 1555 controls recruited in the Nordic-UK Interphone study, were analysed in association with three polymorphisms in @entity876 ( @entity39850 , @entity39851 , @entity39852 ) and five polymorphisms in @entity14050 ( @entity39853 , @entity39854 , @entity39855 , @entity39856 , @entity39857 ). Haplotypes were constructed using the HAPLOSTAT program. RESULTS: The global statistical test of @entity463 and @entity876 haplotypes was p = 0.02. The haplotype analysis on @entity463 revealed the 1-2-2 haplotype (promotor-codon72-intron 6) had a frequency of 6.1% in cases compared with 9.8% in controls (p = 0.003). The 1-2-1 haplotype was significantly more frequent in @entity463 cases, 10.2%, than in controls, 7.3% (p = 0.02). The haplotype analysis in @entity14050 revealed an increased frequency of the 1-1-1-2-1 haplotype in @entity1653 cases (33.8%) compared with controls (30.3%) (p = 0.03). The 2-1-2-1-1 haplotype had a lower frequency in @entity1653 cases (36.1%) than controls (40.7%) (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: This study found both positive and negative associations of haplotypes in @entity876 for @entity463 and @entity14050 for @entity1653 . This study provides new data that could add to our understanding of @entity1313 susceptibility.

title: Genetic variation in @entity876 and @entity14050 haplotypes and risk of @entity11 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the real-world healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and direct costs among @entity3311 ( @entity3311 ) @entity1 treated with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) maintenance medications. METHODS: This retrospective analysis utilized administrative claims data from 14 US commercial managed care plans. Eligible @entity1 were >= 40 years old, had >= 2 years of continuous enrollment, >= 1 @entity3311 (ICD-9-CM code 491.xx) hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit or >= 2 office visits between 1/1/2004 and 5/31/2011, and had >= 2 pharmacy fills for @entity1030 medications during follow-up (first fill served as the index date). All-cause and @entity1030 -related HCRU and costs were assessed during follow-up. Multivariate models were utilized to identify predictors of total costs. RESULTS: Treated @entity3311 @entity1 (n   =   17,382; 50.6% female; mean age 66.7 (SD   =   11.4) years) had a mean of 7.6 (SD   =   6.3) @entity1030 maintenance medication fills during follow-up. Overall, 32.6% of @entity1 had >= 1 @entity1030 -related inpatient hospitalizations, 12.9% had >= 1 ED visit, and 81.8% had >= 1 office visit. Mean all-cause and @entity1030 -related total costs were  25,747 (SD   =    51,105) and  12,609 (SD   =    36,801), respectively, during follow-up. Among the sub-group with >= 1 exacerbation during baseline year, 42.3% had >= 1 @entity1030 -related inpatient hospitalization, 18.5% had >= 1 ED visit, and 88.2% had >= 1 office visit. Mean follow-up all-cause and @entity1030 -related total costs were  29,861 (SD   =    49,799) and  16,784 (SD   =    34,170), respectively. The number of baseline exacerbations was a significant predictor of all-cause and @entity1030 -related total costs during follow-up. LIMITATIONS: This study lacked standard measures of @entity3311 severity; however, severity proxies were utilized. CONCLUSION: HCRU and costs among @entity3311 @entity1 were substantial during follow-up, despite treatment with @entity1030 maintenance medications. Additional interventions aiming to prevent or reduce HCRU and costs among @entity3311 @entity1 warrant exploration.

title: Healthcare utilization and costs among @entity3311 XXXX treated with maintenance medications from a US managed care population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis', 'CB']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Comparing outcomes between @entity439 coiling trials can be difficult because of heterogeneity in @entity1 and end points. We sought to understand the impact of geography on @entity439 retreatment in @entity1 enrolled in the Matrix and @entity902 Science Trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed on data from the Matrix and @entity902 Science trial. @entity1 were stratified as either North American or international. Baseline @entity1 demographics, comorbidities, @entity439 characteristics, procedural complications, and clinical and angiographic outcomes were compared. RESULTS: We evaluated 407 @entity1 from 28 North American sites and 219 @entity1 from 15 international sites. @entity1 demographics differed significantly between North American and international sites. @entity439 were well occluded postprocedure more often at international than North American sites (P < .001). Stents were used significantly more often at North American sites (32.7% [133 of 407]) compared with international sites (10.0% [22 of 219]; P < .001). At 455 days, there was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 alive and free of disability (P = .56) or with residual @entity439 filling (P = .10). @entity1756 were significantly more likely to have been retreated at North American sites within the first year (P < .001) and at 2 years (P < .001). Among all @entity1 for whom the treating physician believed there to be Raymond 3 @entity439 filling at follow-up, absolute rates of retreatment at international and North American sites were similar by 2-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Data from the Matrix and @entity902 Science Trial demonstrate that @entity439 retreatment occurs with different frequency and at different times in different regions of the world. This trend has critical value when interpreting trials reporting short-term outcomes, especially when judgment-based metrics such as retreatment are primary end points that may or may not take place within the defined study follow-up period. Though these variations can be controlled for and balanced within a given randomized trial, such differences in practice patterns must be accounted for in any attempt to compare outcomes between different trials. Despite these differences, endovascular-treated @entity438 around the world have similar clinical outcomes.

title: Geographic Differences in Endovascular Treatment and Retreatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['Ruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Aneurysms']


abstract: We examined the treatment of @entity1276 in @entity1 with @entity6804 to (1) compare the use of @entity67 ( @entity67 ) with @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ), (2) determine the frequency of postoperative @entity1276 requiring permanent shunts, and (3) determine which factors predict the need for a permanent shunt. The records of 58 @entity1 with @entity6804 and associated @entity1276 treated at our institution from 1979 to 1987 were retrospectively reviewed. Initial management of @entity1276 included @entity5033 in 25 @entity1 , @entity67 in 17, and no treatment in 16. @entity1 in the ' @entity5033 ', ' @entity67 ', and 'no treatment' groups differed only in the severity of @entity1276 (less severe in the no treatment group than in the @entity5033 and @entity67 groups) and in the method of dural closure @entity5 resection (dura was left open more often in the @entity67 and no treatment groups). Of the 33 @entity1 not initially shunted, only 9 (27%) subsequently required a shunt. These @entity1 were compared with the remaining 24 @entity1 who did not require a shunt. Two features predicted the need for a subsequent shunt: (1) resection of only a small volume of @entity5 and (2) the dura open @entity5 resection. Complications of @entity67 were few; no @entity1 deteriorated neurologically during or after ventricular catheter removal. We conclude that between two thirds and three quarters of @entity1 with @entity6804 and associated @entity1276 may be managed with perioperative @entity67 and will not require shunts. @entity1 in whom only a minimal @entity5 resection is performed and those in whom the dura is left open are more likely to need permanent @entity5033 .

title: Management of @entity1276 complicating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumors', 'childhood posterior fossa tumors']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'following tumor']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['VPS', 'ventriculoperitoneal shunts']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['external ventricular drainage', 'EVD']

answer: @entity6804 :: (MESH:D015192,Disease) :: ['childhood posterior fossa tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Venous Window Needle Guide (VWING; Vital Access Corp, Salt @entity17360 City, Utah) is a surgically implanted @entity702 device designed to facilitate cannulation of uncannulatable dialysis access @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) because of excessive depth, @entity439 formation, or tortuosity but that exhibit sufficient flow volume to support hemodialysis. We report the 18-month @entity292 patency, functionality, and complications of the use of the VWING device. METHODS: This retrospective study examined AVF patency, VWING functionality, interventions, and device @entity281 at 18  months after VWING implantation. The study population comprised the eligible @entity1 enrolled in the VWING Salvage of AV Fistula (SAVE) trial. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were originally enrolled in the SAVE trial, and 35 were enrolled in the follow-up study. At  18  months, when considering surgical or percutaneous interventions at the VWING site(s) only, the primary AVF patency rate was 78%. Interventions elsewhere on the AVF, outside the boundaries of the VWING, resulted in a primary patency rate of 38%. The VWING accounted for 13% loss of AVF primary patency compared with 53% loss from the remaining @entity2548 . The overall AVF assisted primary patency rate was 91%, and the primary patency rate was 21%. VWING secondary functionality, the continued ability to access the @entity292 through the VWING using a constant site cannulation technique, was 65%. During the 12  months after the SAVE Study 80% of @entity1 did not require the use of a central venous catheter. Eleven VWING devices were removed from eight @entity1 , all but one for cannulation difficulties. One device was removed during the SAVE trial because of @entity281 . No device or @entity281 was identified in the ensuing 12  months, for an overall @entity281 rate of 0.014 per device-year. An intervention rate of 0.32 per device-year was required to maintain device functionality during the 18-month follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the VWING device is a safe and effective means of establishing hemodialysis access in an otherwise functional but uncannulatable AVF. The device @entity281 rate is acceptably low.

title: The efficacy and durability of the Venous Window Needle Guide implanted on uncannulatable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity48 are uncommon @entity66 . They are usually isolated occurrences and are not associated with @entity600 . The coincidence of both, @entity2419 and @entity48 , has seldom been reported. CASE REPORTS: Within the last 2 years two @entity1 with reconstructed @entity3384 and additional @entity48 underwent surgical removal. One @entity1 with @entity3384 exhibited a @entity292 from the medial third of the nasal dorsum up to the @entity7146 . Another @entity1 with @entity3384 had undergone removal of a nasal dermoid sinus cyst 12 years ago and was referred for management of recurrent disease. DISCUSSION: Concerning the common cleft-dependent nose @entity600 with no midline nasal masses, there are reasons for the assumption that a coincidence of both anomalies might be accidental. Especially in Peters' plus syndrome no frequent occurrence of nasal dermoids has thus far been documented. However, the proximity and temporal closeness of an embryological pathway of the frontonasal region and lip development could also argue for a unique formation of both lesions. Complete surgical removal and plastic reconstruction simultaneously or in a second step are recommended.

title: [Nasal dermoid and sinus cysts in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'syndromes or additional malformations']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['nasal dermoid sinus cysts', 'Nasal dermoid sinus cysts']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft malformations']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ["unilateral cleft lip and Peters' plus syndrome", 'bilateral complete cleft lip', 'cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft malformations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare six risk scores with regard to their validity to predict in-hospital mortality after heart valve surgery in a single-centre @entity1 population of China. METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2011, 3479 consecutive @entity1 who underwent heart valve surgery at our centre were collected and scored according to the EuroSCORE II, VA risk score, NNE risk score, Ambler risk score, NYC risk score, and @entity2031 risk score. Calibration of the six risk scores was assessed by the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test. Discrimination was tested by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Observed mortality was 3.32% overall. The @entity2031 score showed good calibration in predicting in-hospital mortality (H-L: P = 0.126). The EuroSCORE II, VA score, NNE score, and NYC score underpredicted observed mortality (H-L: P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.0001, respectively) and the Ambler score overpredicted observed mortality (H-L: P = 0.005). The discriminative power (i.e. the area under the ROC curve) for in-hospital mortality was highest for the @entity2031 score (0.706), followed by the EuroSCORE II model (0.693), NNE score (0.684), NYC score (0.682), Ambler score (0.677) and VA score (0.643). CONCLUSION: Compared with the EuroSCORE II, VA score, NNE score, NYC score, and the Ambler score, the @entity2031 score gives an accurate prediction for individual operative risk in @entity1 undergoing heart valve surgery at our centre. Therefore, the use of the @entity2031 score for risk evaluation maybe suitable in @entity1 undergoing heart valve surgery at our centre in the future.

title: Comparison of six risk scores for in-hospital mortality in Chinese XXXX undergoing heart valve surgery.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the impact on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) from the addition of postoperative radiation with or without chemotherapy after esophagectomy, using a large, hospital-based dataset. BACKGROUND: Previous retrospective studies have suggested an @entity86 over surgery alone, although prospective data are lacking. METHODS: The National Cancer Data Base was queried to select @entity1 diagnosed with stage pT3-4Nx-0M0 or pT1-4N1-3M0 @entity418 ( @entity1544 ) from 1998 to 2011 treated with @entity86 and/or chemotherapy. @entity1349 was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify covariates associated with @entity1349 . RESULTS: There were 4893 @entity1 selected, of whom 1153 (23.6%) received postoperative radiation. Most @entity1 receiving radiation also received sequential/concomitant chemotherapy (89.9%). For the entire cohort, postoperative radiation was associated with a statistically significant but modest absolute improvement in survival (hazard ratio 0.77; 95% CI, 0.71-0.83; P < 0.001). On subgroup analysis, postoperative radiation was associated with improved @entity1349 for @entity1 with node-positive disease (3-yr @entity1349 34.3 % vs 27.8%, P < 0.001) or positive margins (3-yr @entity1349 36.4% vs 18.0%, P < 0.001). When chemotherapy usage was incorporated, sequential chemotherapy was associated with the best survival (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy, whether sequentially or concurrently, was a strong prognostic factor for @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: In this hospital-based study, the addition of postoperative chemoradiation (either sequentially or concomitantly) after esophagectomy was associated with improved @entity1349 for @entity1 with node-positive disease or positive margins.

title: The Impact of Adjuvant Postoperative Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on Survival After Esophagectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell or adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['OS advantage for postoperative chemoradiation', 'definitive esophagectomy    postoperative radiation']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate if single lead interatrial septum pacing could be effective in maintaining sinus rhythm in @entity1 in whom restoration of sinus rhythm was only possible for a period of 2-24 hours after one or more previous electrical cardioversions, and in whom a sinus @entity1168 was documented before @entity943 restarted. The two hours limit was chosen because it was considered a sufficient time to implant a dual chamber pacemaker. BACKGROUND: Alternative atrial pacing techniques have been demonstrated to be successful in preventing recurrences of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 with sinus @entity1168 . Excluding the @entity955 occurring after only a few sinus beats, at 24 hours from electrical cardioversion an early restart of chronic @entity955 has been reported in 12% to 17% of the @entity1 . METHODS: After sinus rhythm was restored by internal electrical cardioversion, 17 @entity1 , 7 ablated at the AV junction, underwent a dual chamber rate response (DDDR) pacemaker implantation with a screw-in atrial lead placed in the interatrial septum. RESULTS: After a follow-up period of 17+/-5 months (range 12 to 27 months) persistence of sinus rhythm was observed in 11 @entity1 (65%). Six @entity1 (35%) had recurrences of paroxysmal attacks, while five (30%) were totally free of @entity955 . Recurrence of chronic @entity955 was observed in six cases (35%) after 2 days-12 months from implantation. No dislodgements of the atrial lead and no complications were observed at implantation and during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Interatrial septum pacing is a safe and feasible technique with a satisfying success rate (65%) in long-term maintaining sinus rhythm in previously unsuccessfully cardioverted @entity1 .

title: Prevention of short term reversible chronic XXXX by permanent pacing at the triangle of Koch.

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: this study was designed to assess if the use of a sterile exsanguination tourniquet (Boazul cuff) reduced @entity190 from the groin and @entity155 wounds during varicose vein surgery, (saphenofemoral disconnection, stripping to knee and multiple @entity155 ). DESIGN: prospective, parallel cohort study. MATERIALS: thirty-eight @entity1 undergoing primary varicose vein surgery. METHODS: the @entity190 and number of @entity155 wounds were recorded for each @entity1 . RESULTS: the tourniquet was used on 21 legs and there were 24 legs in the non-tourniquet group. In the tourniquet group, the median @entity190 from the groin was 15 ml, (range 5-70 ml), and from the leg was 5 ml, (range 0-120 ml). The corresponding figures for the group without the tourniquet were a median of 17.5 ml, (range 5-105 ml), and a median of 95 ml, (range 10-505 ml). The mean number of @entity155 in the tourniquet group was 25 (range 9-38), and in the non-tourniquet group was 15, (range 5-40). There was significantly less @entity190 from the leg in the tourniquet group (p<0.0001) despite the fact that there were more @entity155 in the tourniquet group (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: use of the Boazul cuff significantly decreases the @entity190 from the @entity155 sites during routine varicose vein surgery, and may encourage the surgeon to perform more @entity155 .

title: Using the Boazul cuff to reduce XXXX in varicose vein surgery.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion', 'avulsions']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the area distribution of epithelial and mesenchymal components in the prostate of @entity1 with @entity263 after temporary @entity342 deprivation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Surgical specimens from 38 @entity1 treated with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist @entity19040 for 3 months before radical prostatectomy were examined (group I). Specimens from a second group of 54 @entity1 who underwent the same surgical procedure with no prior therapy were used as controls (group 2). The specimens were serially step-sectioned and whole-mount tissue sections prepared. The epithelial, smooth muscle and connective tissue components were stained separately with immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques, respectively. Using colour-based image analyses, the tissue components were classified into three categories, displayed in different colours. The percentage of @entity5 areas occupied by @entity5 epithelial cells, connective tissue and smooth muscle was determined. RESULTS: In specimens from group 1, the @entity5 epithelium was sparse and scattered throughout the @entity5 area. A mean (SD) of 21 (11)% of the area was occupied by @entity5 cells, compared with 40 (11)% in the corresponding material from group 2 (P < 0.001). The connective tissue/smooth muscle ratio in stroma (about 1:1) was similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant hormone treatment of @entity1 with @entity263 was associated with a marked @entity5 density and thus in the total amount of @entity5 epithelium.

title: Effect of XXXX deprivation on epithelial and mesenchymal tissue components in @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: @entity788 ( @entity788 ) has fallen into disuse for some time because of the risk of severe complications. More recently, @entity788 has been advocated as an effective treatment modality for several @entity660 , including severe @entity1689 , @entity9007 , @entity660 . Favorable outcomes in @entity1 undergoing @entity788 to facilitate further interventions, in whom long-term follow-up was available, was 70%; complications occurred in 14% and reintervention was required in 23%. The results were as good as those of surgery after long-term follow-up. @entity1 who underwent some form of pancreatic drainage after sphincterotomy had fewer complications (p = 0.03). Approximately 75% of @entity1 with @entity788 who presented with idiopathic @entity656 improved after endoscopic therapy, but only 25% of @entity1 experienced @entity158 reduction of at least 50%. The National Institutes of Health Consensus recommends @entity788 in @entity1 with type I @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). In @entity1 with type II @entity1690 , prior manometry should be performed. In our series of 17 @entity1 , we obtained results similar to those of other studies, although the number of @entity1 was small. @entity788 appears to be a safe and effective technique, but further, well-designed, multicenter, prospective and long-term studies are required to evaluate these results and settle current controversies.

title: [ XXXX : when and how].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum', 'EPS', 'Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter of Oddi dysfunction', 'SOD']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute recurrent pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum, and pancreatic sphincter dysfunction', 'pancreatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst, ampulloma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cirrhotic cardiomiopathy is described as the presence of @entity299 in cirrhotic @entity1 . The aim of the study was to investigate factors associated with @entity299 in cirrhotic @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-four cirrhotic @entity1 and twenty-six controls performed a conventional echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) for systolic and diastolic function. Results were analyzed by using the Guidelines of American Society of Echocardiography. RESULTS: In @entity1 with @entity82 , left ventricular end-diastolic diameter was increased (p<0.001) , peak systolic velocities were decreased (11.3  2.7 vs 13.9  1.4cm/s; p<0.001) and left atrial volumes were increased (32.7  8.3 vs 24  8.5ml, p<0.001) as well as cardiac mass (90.6  23 vs 70.5  22g/m(2), p<0.001). Forty-seven cirrhotic @entity1 (64%) showed @entity67 at rest: grade I in 37 and grade II in 10 @entity1 . @entity299 were not influenced by a more severe @entity409 . @entity67 was more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity843 vs those without (77% vs 56%; p=0.04). CONCLUSION: A mild @entity67 at rest is frequent in cirrhotic @entity1 but cardiac load conditions are confounding factors in this diagnosis. We did not identify an association between severity of @entity409 and @entity299 .

title: XXXX in @entity82 is not associated with the severity of @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver impairment']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction', 'cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the course, complications, and prognosis of @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ), with special reference to life-changing events, including @entity4764 , @entity1576 , and @entity204 . METHODS: Review of the case notes of 13 @entity1 with @entity3986 , aged 15 years or older at last visit, followed up at a tertiary neuromuscular centre, London, UK, from 1977 to 2007. Data collected were age at onset of symptoms, presenting symptoms, mobility, @entity1159 , @entity1635 , @entity272 , respiratory function, and feeding difficulties. RESULTS: The mean age at onset of symptoms was 12 months (SD 14 months). Eight @entity1 (61.5%) acquired independent ambulation at a mean age of 1.7 years (SD 0.8 years). Nine @entity1 (69.2%) became constant wheelchair users at a mean age of 11.1 years (SD 4.8 years). Three @entity1 continued to ambulate indoors with assistance. Forced vital capacity (FVC) values were abnormal in all @entity1 from age 6 years. The mean FVC (% predicted) declined at a mean rate of 2.6% (SD 4.1%) yearly. Nine @entity1 (69.2%) started noninvasive ventilation at a mean age of 14.3 years (SD 5.0 years). Two @entity1 died of @entity1576 . CONCLUSION: In @entity3986 ( @entity3986 ), the decline in motor and respiratory functions is more rapid in the first decade of life. The deterioration is invariable, but not always correlated with age or severity at presentation. This information should be of help to better anticipate the difficulties encountered by @entity1 with @entity3986 and in planning future therapeutic trials in this condition.

title: Natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['UCMD', 'Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['loss of ambulation']

answer: @entity3986 :: (MESH:D009136,Disease) :: ['Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy']


abstract: The combination of @entity900 and @entity2592 has been shown in experimental models to be synergistic. We conducted a pilot study of @entity2592 and @entity900 in unresectable or metastatic @entity5 in five @entity1 and found significant activity, also on visceral metastasis. Therefore, we decided to examine this combination in the neoadjuvant setting. Since January 1989, eight @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with two cycles of @entity2592 (50 mg/m2) by continuous infusion for 4 days and by @entity900 (100 mg/m2) on the 5th day. Their ages ranged from 54-79 years. One @entity1 had Stage I, three had Stage II, and four had @entity5 . Responses assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic (CT) scan prior to surgery were three with partial response, three with minor response, and two with no response. Only six @entity1 were surgically resectable after chemotherapy. @entity137 consisted of grade 3 (one @entity1 ) and grade 4 (two @entity1 ) @entity1398 , grade 3 (three @entity1 ) @entity417 , and grade 3 (two @entity1 ) and grade 4 (three @entity1 ) @entity882 . All @entity1 had subjective improvement of @entity1282 4 weeks after chemotherapy. Median survival of the whole group was 7.5 months. We concluded that there was no evidence of synergy of these drugs given in this @entity418 since the response rate was no different from that achieved with @entity900 alone.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2592 by continuous infusion and XXXX for resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage III disease', 'cancer of the esophagus', 'squamous cell carcinoma esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['manner in esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity375 is able to use some @entity1718 , such as @entity3952 , as a sole source of @entity505 . b-oxidation, which occurs in a single membrane-enveloped organelle or peroxisome, is responsible for the assimilation of @entity1718 . In @entity375 , b-oxidation occurs only in peroxisomes, and @entity274 is generated during this @entity844 -metabolizing pathway. @entity375 has three GPX genes ( @entity37107 , @entity37108 , and @entity37109 ) encoding atypical 2- @entity2569 peroxiredoxins. Here we show that expression of @entity37107 was induced in medium containing @entity3952 as a @entity505 source in an @entity23763 / @entity28165 -dependent manner. We found that @entity37107 was located in the peroxisomal matrix. The peroxisomal @entity37107 showed peroxidase activity using thioredoxin or @entity2041 as a reducing power. Peroxisome biogenesis was induced when cells were cultured with @entity3952 . Peroxisome biogenesis was impaired in @entity37107    cells, and subsequently, the growth of @entity37107    cells was lowered in @entity3952 -containing medium. @entity37107 contains six @entity462 residues. Of the @entity462 -substituted mutants of @entity37107 , @entity37107 ( @entity37110 ) was not able to restore growth and peroxisome formation in @entity3952 -containing medium, therefore, redox regulation of @entity37107 seems to be involved in the mechanism of peroxisome formation.

title: Involvement of @entity2041 peroxidase 1 in growth and peroxisome formation in @entity375 in XXXX medium.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity37110 :: ('p|SUB|C|36|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['C36S']

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'S. cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity3952 :: (MESH:D019301,Chemical) :: ['oleic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative intra-abdominal @entity1104 formation remains a major surgical problem. Surgery induces an inflammatory reaction, which is responsible for @entity1104 formation. Neutrophils and their @entity26 -free radicals are key mediators in the early post-operative inflammatory response. The present study evaluates the effect of either blocking the influx of neutrophils or its products by scavenging @entity26 -free radicals on @entity1104 formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reproducible @entity35 models were used to induce post-surgical intra-abdominal adhesions. In the first experiment anti-neutrophil serum (ANS) was used to prevent neutrophils from entering the peritoneal cavity after surgery. In a second experiment @entity224 dismutase (SOD), @entity12609 , and @entity2656 were tested, to scavenge the @entity224 , @entity273 , and @entity3787 radicals, respectively. RESULTS: In positive control groups 69 to 76% of the area of interest contained adhesions. In all experimental groups, except for @entity2656 , a significant reduction in post-surgical @entity1104 formation could be achieved. ANS reduced @entity1104 formation by 38% (P < 0.001) and SOD/ @entity12609 by 42% (P < 0.01). @entity2656 could not reduce @entity1104 formation. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal influx of neutrophils after surgical peritoneal @entity130 plays an important role in post-operative @entity1104 formation. Preventing the intra-abdominal influx of neutrophils in the early post-operative inflammatory reaction can reduce @entity1104 formation, but an even more selective approach, by scavenging its products, proved as efficient.

title: The role of neutrophils and XXXX free radicals in post-operative adhesions.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: We present a case of 12-month-old @entity1 with @entity4263 with L-looped ventricles and L-transposition of great arteries and @entity1757 . When admitted to the hospital, the @entity1 had the appearance of @entity712 due to moderate to severe @entity997 and right @entity409 . The pulmonary artery (PA) banding was required first because of low systolic pressure in the morphological left ventricle less than 70% confirmed by catheterization. Three months later, the @entity1 appeared to be a good candidate for anatomical repair and a double switch procedure-Senning with arterial switch-was performed. The early postoperative period was relatively smooth and uneventful. @entity997 was resolved immediately after surgery. Mild @entity299 of the left ventricle with mild @entity339 was confirmed by the 2D strain method of echocardiography on the second day of the postoperative period and it improved over the next 21 days. Thirty days later after the procedure, the @entity1 underwent catheterization of his superior vena cava tunnel because of the slightly increased blood flow velocity diagnosed by echocardiography. In 3 months after the surgery, the @entity1 was asymptomatic and was doing well. The @entity1 's functional status was I according to the NYHA classification.

title: Surgical technique of double switch procedure: Senning with arterial switch operation for XXXX with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ventricle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['Tricuspid valve insufficiency', 'tricuspid valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: @entity11532 develops in up to 8% of @entity1 with @entity191 . Although the pathophysiology of gambling remains unclear, several findings argue for a dysfunction in the basal ganglia circuits. To clarify the role of the subthalamic nucleus in @entity11532 , we studied its activity during economics decisions. We analyzed local field potentials recorded from deep brain stimulation electrodes in the subthalamic nucleus while @entity191 @entity1 with (n   =   8) and without (n   =   9) @entity11532 engaged in an economics decision-making task comprising conflictual trials (involving possible risk-taking) and non conflictual trials. In all @entity191 @entity1 , subthalamic low frequencies (2-12 Hz) increased during economics decisions. Whereas, in @entity1 without gambling, low-frequency oscillations exhibited a similar pattern during conflictual and non conflictual stimuli, in those with gambling, low-frequency activity increased significantly more during conflictual than during non conflictual stimuli. The specific low-frequency oscillatory pattern recorded in @entity1 with @entity191 who gamble could reflect a subthalamic dysfunction that makes their decisional threshold highly sensitive to risky options. When @entity191 @entity1 process stimuli related to an economics task, low-frequency subthalamic activity increases. This task-related change suggests that the cognitive-affective system that drives economics decisional processes includes the subthalamic nucleus. The specific subthalamic neuronal activity during conflictual decisions in @entity1 with @entity11532 supports the idea that the subthalamic nucleus is involved in behavioral strategies and in the pathophysiology of gambling.

title: XXXX in @entity191 : subthalamic oscillations during economics decisions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling', 'Pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['Pathological gambling']