abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) enables direct submucosal dissection so even large early stage @entity5 can be resected en bloc. Colorectal ESD is technically more difficult, however, and there is an increased risk of complications such as perforation and @entity548 compared with gastric ESD. As a result, further refinements are required in this procedure. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate thin endoscope-assisted ( @entity1041 ) ESD, a new traction system for improving submucosal cutting line visualization. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Okayama University Hospital. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Efficacy and safety of the @entity1041 -ESD procedure. RESULTS: Three cases of large, flat, elevated @entity14 (laterally spreading @entity5 ) in the rectum and rectosigmoid colon were safely and successfully removed en bloc without complications. Total procedure times were 3 hours, 40 minutes, and 30 minutes with resected specimens measuring 70 x 68 mm, 38 x 35 mm, and 30 x 20 mm, respectively. LIMITATIONS: @entity1041 -ESD was performed in only the rectum and rectosigmoid colon. CONCLUSIONS: This limited case series demonstrated that large laterally spreading @entity5 in the rectum and rectosigmoid colon could be safely resected en bloc with @entity1041 -ESD.

title: Thin endoscope-assisted endoscopic submucosal dissection for large XXXX (with videos).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['GI tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: @entity1955 as active pharmaceutical ingredient of formulations used for the treatment of @entity1375 is distributed worldwide and taken by millions of @entity1 . An important issue in terms of compound stability is its capability to react with ambient @entity26 , especially in case of long term compound storage at elevated temperature. In this study we demonstrate that ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to UV spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-UV-HRMS) represent very useful approaches to investigate the influence of ambient @entity26 on the degradation kinetics of @entity1955 in the solid state at enhanced degradation conditions. Moreover, the impurity pattern of oxidative degradation of @entity1955 is elucidated and classified with respect to degradation kinetics at different @entity26 levels. Kinetic analysis of @entity1955 bulk material at 100  C reveals bi-phasic degradation kinetics with a distinct change in degradation phases dependent on the availability of @entity26 . The results clearly show that contact of the bulk material to ambient @entity26 is a key factor for fast compound degradation. Furthermore, the combination of time-resolved HRMS data and automated data processing is shown to allow insights into the kinetics and mechanism of impurity formation on individual compound basis. By comparing degradation profiles, four main classes of profiles linked to reaction pathways of @entity1955 degradation were identifiable. Finally, we show the capability of automated data processing for the matching of different stressing conditions, in order to extract information about mechanistic similarities. As a result, degradation kinetics is influenced by factors like availability of @entity26 , stressing time, or stressing temperature, while the degradation mechanisms appear to be conserved.

title: Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet absorbance detection-high-resolution-mass spectrometry combined with automated data processing for studying the kinetics of oxidative thermal degradation of XXXX in the solid state.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'levothyroxine', 'Levothyroxine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have reviewed the distinctive features of excess weight, its causes, and related prevention and management efforts, as well as data gaps and recommendations for future research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). @entity28 is rising in every region of the world, and no country has been successful at reversing the @entity3082 once it has begun. In LMICs, overweight is higher in @entity1 compared with @entity1 , in urban compared with rural settings, and in older compared with younger individuals; however, the urban-rural overweight differential is shrinking in many countries. Overweight occurs alongside persistent burdens of underweight in LMICs, especially in young @entity1 . Changes in the global diet and physical activity are among the hypothesized leading contributors to @entity28 . Emerging risk factors include environmental contaminants, chronic psychosocial stress, @entity8799 , and genetic/epigenetic mechanisms. Data on effective strategies to prevent the onset of @entity28 in LMICs or elsewhere are limited. Expanding the research in this area is a key priority and has important possibilities for reverse innovation that may also inform interventions in high-income countries. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health Volume 38 is March 20, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

title: XXXX in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Burden, Drivers, and Emerging Challenges.

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the technical considerations of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in 3 complicated cases involving kidneys with @entity8 . TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Three candidates for nephron-sparing surgery each had a renal mass, measuring 5.0, 3.5, and 2.5 cm, respectively. The renal arterial pathologic features in the @entity5 -bearing kidney included @entity2791 treated by percutaneous angioplasty and stenting in 1 @entity1 and upper pole intrarenal @entity439 in 1 @entity1 ; the final @entity1 had previously undergone aortorenal bypass grafting. The preoperative serum @entity1011 in the 3 @entity1 was 2.1, 1.0, and 2.5 mg/dL, respectively. Two @entity1 had a solitary functioning kidney. Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with hilar clamping was performed in 2 @entity1 and laparoscopic renal cryoablation in 1 @entity1 . Laparoscopic Doppler ultrasonography was used in each case. The total operative time for the 3 @entity1 was 2.3, 4.0, and 2.8 hours, respectively. The warm @entity63 time in the first 2 cases was 28 and 39 minutes, respectively. The @entity190 was 50, 400, and 100 mL. Pathologic examination revealed @entity1358 in 2 cases and a calcified @entity439 in 1 case. The hospital stay was 7, 4, and 2 days. The postoperative serum @entity1011 level was 2.3, 1.4, and 2.5 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery is a feasible alternative to open partial nephrectomy and can be successfully applied to select @entity1 with a pathologic renal artery.

title: Laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery in the presence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on distant disease-free interval (DDFI) and the localization of the first @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -associated @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 are as yet scarcely available. @entity1 AND METHODS: We identified 57 @entity5345 -associated and 31 @entity2674 -associated @entity0 @entity1 , diagnosed between 1980 and 2001, and developing @entity3 disease before 2004, July 1. DDFI, the site(s) of first @entity3 and post-relapse survival of these @entity1 were compared with those of 192 sporadic @entity0 @entity1 . RESULTS: As compared to sporadic @entity1 , @entity5345 @entity1 developed less often bone @entity3 (30% vs. 51%; P = 0.005), but tended to develop more often lung @entity3 (26% vs. 16%; P = 0.07), and @entity3 at multiple sites (44% vs. 32%; P = 0.11). In @entity2674 -associated compared to sporadic @entity1 , first @entity3 more commonly occurred in lymph nodes (23% vs. 7%; P = 0.007) and at multiple sites (48% vs. 32%; P = 0.08). Adjuvant systemic therapy appeared to be most effective in @entity2674 mutation carriers. Post-relapse survival was worse for @entity5345 - and better for @entity2674 -associated @entity1 as compared to sporadic @entity1 , but differences disappeared after adjustment for ER-status, site of first @entity3 and DDFI. CONCLUSION: The site of first @entity3 is different between @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -associated and sporadic @entity0 @entity1 . Differences in post-relapse survival could be explained by differences in site of first @entity3 , in ER-status and in DDFI. Treatment efficacy may differ dependent on genetic status.

title: Distant disease-free interval, site of first relapse and post-relapse survival in @entity5345 - and @entity2674 -associated compared to @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Differences in response to carcinogenic agents are due to the allelic variants of the genes that control it. Key genes are those involved in the repair of the DNA damage caused by such agents. This paper describes the results of a case-control epidemiological study designed to determine the genotypes of four of these genes in @entity1 exposed to a single genotoxic factor, i.e. @entity1355 , who had or had not developed @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). Our working hypothesis was that an imperfect DNA repair, as revealed by subtle polymorphic variants, could reduce protection against the chronic DNA insult provoked by @entity1355 and eventually result in mutagenesis and @entity5 . Seven variants (i.e. @entity20319 - @entity20322 -NCBI SNP, @entity20319 - @entity20320 , @entity20823 - @entity32271 , @entity20823 @entity58666 , XPD- @entity25980 , @entity9552 - @entity35385 ) were investigated in 81 @entity1 and 110 age and sex-matched controls, all residents at Casale Monferrato, a Piedmontese town highly exposed to @entity1355 pollution. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). When considered as a categorical variable, @entity20319 -399Q showed an increased OR both in heterozygotes (OR=2.08; 95% CI=1.00-4.33) and homozygotes (2.38; 95% CI=0.82-6.94), although individual ORs were not significant. When it was considered as a continuous variable OR was significant (OR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.02-2.75). When genotypes were divided into "non-risk" and "risk" genotypes, i.e. those thought to be associated with increased risk in the light of the functional significance of the variants, @entity20319 -399Q (Q homozygotes+Q/R heterozygotes versus R homozygotes) had an OR=2.147 (95% CI: 1.08-4.28), whereas that of @entity20823 -241T (T homozygotes+M/T heterozygotes versus M homozygotes) was 4.09 (95% CI: 1.26-13.21) and that of @entity9552 -326C was increased, though not significantly. None of the haplotypes showed a significantly different frequency between @entity1 and controls. This is the first report of an association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and @entity1355 -associated @entity3620 . Our data indicate that genetic factors are involved in @entity3620 development.

title: Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes as risk factors for @entity1355 -related XXXX in a general population study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: In response to drought, plants synthesise the hormone @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ), which triggers closure of the stomatal pores. This process is vital for plants to conserve water by reducing transpirational water loss. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the advantages of the @entity958 stomatal guard cell for combining genetic, molecular and biophysical approaches to characterise ABA action. However, genetic dissection of stomatal regulation has been limited by the difficulty of identifying a reliable phenotype for mutant screening. Leaf temperature can be used as an indicator to detect mutants with altered stomatal control, since transpiration causes leaf cooling. In this study, we optimised experimental conditions under which individual @entity958 plants with altered stomatal responses to drought can be identified by infrared thermography. These conditions were then used to perform a pilot screen for mutants that displayed a reduced ability to close their stomata and hence appeared colder than the wild type. Some of the mutants recovered were deficient in ABA accumulation, and corresponded to alleles of the ABA biosynthesis loci @entity22712 , @entity22713 and @entity62050 . Interestingly, two of these novel @entity22713 alleles were able to intragenically complement the @entity22713 -1 mutation. The remaining mutants showed reduced ABA responsiveness in guard cells. In addition to the previously known abi1-1 mutation, we isolated mutations at two novel loci designated as @entity21494 ( @entity21494 ) and @entity62051 . Remarkably, @entity21494 and @entity62051 represent, to our knowledge, the first @entity958 mutations altering ABA responsiveness in stomata and not in seeds.

title: Use of infrared thermal imaging to isolate XXXX mutants defective in stomatal regulation.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of adalimumab in maintaining remission in @entity30 @entity1 may wane over time, leading to secondary loss of response that is often managed with dose escalation. However, the response to adalimumab dose escalation and long-term outcomes after escalation have not been well evaluated. AIMS: To characterise the short- and long-term clinical responses to adalimumab dose escalation for secondary loss of response. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study evaluating @entity30 out- @entity1 requiring adalimumab dose escalation for secondary loss of response from 2003 to 2013 was conducted. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity1 achieving symptomatic clinical response to dose escalation and subsequent development of tertiary loss of response. Duration of regained response was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1050 @entity1 met inclusion criteria with mean duration of follow-up of 170.2  weeks (  129.6  weeks). Disease distribution was predominantly ileal (37/92, 40.2%) or ileocolonic (43/92, 46.7%), with equal distribution of inflammatory (34.8%), stricturing (27.2%), and penetrating (38.0%) disease phenotypes. At 24  weeks post-dose escalation, 74/92 (80.4%) @entity1 had symptomatic clinical response. Among responders, median duration of sustained response was 69.2  weeks (IQR 29.4-107.1) but 42/74 (56.8%) responders experienced subsequent tertiary loss of response at a median time of 47.9  weeks (IQR 24.7-80.3). C-reactive protein >10.0  mg/L at the time of dose escalation predicted tertiary loss of response in univariate analysis (OR 3.32, 95% CI: 1.18-9.37). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity30 , adalimumab dose escalation is effective for recapturing symptomatic response after secondary loss of response, but more than half will eventually experience a tertiary loss of response.

title: Adalimumab dose escalation is effective for managing secondary loss of response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: Agrobacterium 6b oncogenes induce @entity5 on Nicotiana glauca and enations and associated modifications in transgenic @entity286 plants. 2x35S-AB-6b @entity286 rootstocks produced a graft-transmissible factor that induced enations in wild-type scions; the nature of this enation factor remains to be identified. Here, we report on the properties of @entity286 plants carrying a @entity619 -inducible T-6b gene (dex-T-6b). Induction with dex led to complex growth modifications, many of which have not been reported previously. Modifications were only found in growing tissues; mature tissues remained unaffected. Growth could be either stimulated or inhibited. Dex induction of young plants led to morphogenetic gradients that included enations, tubular leaves and fragmented leaf primordia. Root elongation was increased or slowed down, while radial root growth was strongly enhanced. Additional cell divisions were found in the root pericycle and vasculature. Enation factor import from mature tissues did not have the same effects on growing tissues as local T-6b synthesis: normal scions grafted on induced dex-T-6b rootstocks formed enations, whereas local dex-T-6b induction at the shoot apex led to numerous dark-green spots on the abaxial side of the leaves. In leaf patch assays, the 23-kDa T-6b protein was found to move through leaves and to enter the vascular system. This and the fact that rootstocks of spontaneous @entity286 enation mutants did not modify wild-type scions contrary to 6b plants indicate that the 6b protein might be the enation factor.

title: New plant growth-modifying properties of the Agrobacterium T-6b oncogene revealed by the use of a XXXX -inducible promoter.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'N. tabacum']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of care and risk factors for poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity130 ( @entity130 ) treated at three centers in southeast Nigeria. SETTING: Nigeria, southeast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 10-year retrospective multicenter analysis of @entity1 with @entity130 , managed at three centers in southeast Nigeria, from January 2003 to December 2012. RESULTS: Two hundred and seven @entity1 (55%) had @entity130 out of 377 @entity3510 cases in the three study centers, but 195 cases had complete records and were studied. There were 148 males and 47 females. The age range was 3-74 years with a mean of 32.6 (  1.9) years 95% CI. Most injuries (149 cases) resulted from @entity64 ( @entity64 ). The C5 spinal level was involved in 75 (38%) cases One hundred and seventeen @entity1 (60%) presented with American @entity3510 Association A (ASIA A) injury. @entity130 care evolved from the application of a Minerva jacket or cervical traction only to cervical traction and spinal fusion resulting in a reduction in hospital stay (F = 52.5, DF (2, 3) P < 0.05). When compared to 51 @entity1 with @entity130 , who improved in neurologic al status at discharge, only three @entity1 with ASIA grade A experienced some improvement. The mortality rate from our series is 16% (32 @entity1 ). Those who died were more likely to have a complete injury (25 @entity1 ) or a high cervical injury (X 2 = 61.2, P < 0.05) among other factors. CONCLUSION: The cervical spine is the most commonly injured spinal segment in southeast Nigeria. Although treatment evolution has resulted in reduction of hospital stay, the associated mortality risk still remains high.

title: XXXX : A ten-year multicenter analysis of evolution of care and risk factors for poor outcome in southeast Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['motor vehicular accidents', 'MVA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spine injury', 'incomplete injuries', 'CSI']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'Spinal Injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cervical Spine Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Virotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors can be combined for the treatment of @entity5 with complementarity and potential for synergistic effects. We have developed a cytolytic but nonreplicative viral vector system based on @entity3597 that encodes IL12 ( @entity3598 -IL12). Following direct intratumoral injection, infected cells release transgenic IL12, die, and elicit an inflammatory response triggered by both abundantly copied viral RNA and IL12. In difficult-to-treat @entity19 @entity5 models, such as those derived from MC38 and bilateral B16-OVA, @entity3598 -IL12 synergized with an anti- @entity8395 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to induce @entity5 regression and prolong survival. Similar synergistic effects were attained upon @entity4634 blockade. Combined SFV-IL12 + anti- @entity8395 mAb treatment only marginally increased the elicited cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response over @entity3598 -IL12 as a single agent, at least when measured by in vivo killing assays. In contrast, we observed that @entity3598 -IL12 treatment induced expression of @entity4634 on @entity5 cells in an IFNy-dependent fashion. @entity4634 -mediated adaptive resistance thereby provides a mechanistic explanation of the observed synergistic effects achieved by the SFV-IL12 + anti- @entity8395 mAb combination. Cancer Immunol Res; 1-6.   2015 AACR.

title: Virotherapy with a @entity3597 -Based Vector Encoding IL12 Synergizes with @entity8395 / XXXX Blockade.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3597 :: ('11033', 'Species') :: ['Semliki Forest virus']

answer: @entity4634 :: (29126,Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: 1. The injection into @entity19 of a single dose of @entity60017 , a covalent inhibitor of glucosidases, quickly produced changes in tissue levels of beta-D-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31). The specific activity of the enzyme decreased in liver, spleen and kidney while brain showed little change. The inhibitor did not act on glucuronidase in vitro, so the effect of the inhibitor is complex, possibly a result of the loss of glucosidase activity. Since glucuronidase contains @entity413 , we suggest that the transport of the enzyme between subcellular regions and tissues involves loss of part of the @entity413 moieties. 2. Levels of @entity45380 ( @entity22138 glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45) dropped very rapidly after @entity4299 injection, reaching a minimum at 1 h in liver. There was a noticeable restoration of activity within the next 1--2 h. Aryl beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) decrease somewhat less than cerebrosidase, reaching a minimum within 2 h. It too showed some recovery of activity within 3 h. 3. Acid phosphatase rose slightly in liver but not in brain. alpha-L-Fucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme were not affected by the @entity4299 injection. The latter two enzymes are known to contain @entity413 . 4. Injection of a hemolyzing agent, @entity7740 , produced an increased level of glucuronidase in liver and spleen within 6 days, but not in kidney. This enhancement was a little less in @entity19 previously injected with the glucosidase inhibitor. 5. @entity19 injected with the @entity4299 once a day eight times showed a distinct rise in brain glucuronidase level, as well as a rise in brain weight. However, the other organs showed only the same decrease in glucuronidase specific activity noted with the single injection protocol. It is suggested that the difference is due to the blood-brain barrier, which could slow the loss of brain glucuronidase from the extracellular fluid.

title: Enzymic effects of beta-glucosidase destruction in XXXX . Changes in glucuronidase levels.

entities_list: @entity60017 :: ('MESH:C011423', 'Chemical') :: ['conduritol B epoxide']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity22138 :: ('CHEBI:18368', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7740 :: ('MESH:C030299', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylhydrazine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In @entity375 , ribosome biogenesis requires, in addition to rRNA and ribosomal proteins, a myriad of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and over two hundred protein trans-acting factors. There are protein trans-acting factors predicted to participate in ribosome biogenesis that have not been so far characterized. Here, we report the functional analysis of the Nucleolar protein 6 (Nop6) in ribosome biogenesis. Our results show that Nop6 is needed for optimal 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Deletion of NOP6 leads to an appropriate 20% reduction in 18S rRNA levels and therefore in 40S ribosomal subunits. This is due to mild inhibition of pre-rRNA processing at cleavage site A 2. Tandem affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry and northern blot analyses indicate that Nop6 is a component of 90S pre-ribosomal particles. rDNA chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and analysis of the intracellular localisation of Nop6-eGFP after in vivo shut down of pre-rRNA transcription strongly suggest that Nop6 binds to the pre-rRNA early during transcription. Genetic data suggest that Nop6 and the snoRNA @entity59783 both interact similarly with the protein trans-acting factor @entity59784 . It has been proposed that @entity59783 and @entity59784 participate in a pre-rRNA conformational switch that allows the proper assembly of 40S ribosomal protein S19. Our results strongly suggest that the role Nop6 might have in this conformational switch is independent of @entity59783 .

title: Nop6, a component of 90S pre-ribosomal particles, is required for 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical profile of pediatric @entity1 with @entity302 and @entity6583 ( @entity6583 ), and compare them with a group of pediatric @entity1 with benign @entity302 to determine clinical differences, response to treatment, and prognosis. METHODS: We studied 28 @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with probable or definitive diagnosis of @entity6583 and @entity302 and 32 @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with partial @entity302 ( @entity302 ). All @entity1 had normal neurologic examination. We compared @entity6583 and @entity302 @entity1 looking for differences in demographics (age at first @entity410 , gender, family history); clinical presentation (type, frequency, duration, and total number of @entity410 , duration of @entity302 , @entity159 , cluster, and @entity51 ); treatment [duration, number of @entity734 ( @entity734 ), maximal dose, drug association, number of @entity410 -free @entity1 , time to obtain control and recurrence after medication discontinuation]; complementary examinations (the first and the last EEG). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 5.4 years for the 28 @entity6583 @entity1 and 4.6 years for the 32 @entity302 @entity1 (p=0.98). We did not find statistical differences between @entity6583 and @entity302 in gender, family history, types of @entity410 , frequency and length of @entity410 , previous @entity159 , @entity410 clustering, and presence of @entity51 . However, we found that @entity6583 compared with @entity302 @entity1 had significant longer AED treatment, more @entity410 after AED introduction, tried more @entity734 and at maximal dose, and in 20%, required polytherapy. The recurrence rate in @entity6583 was 54.4% and this was not significantly associated with number of lesions and disease activity seen on CT scans or the presence of EEG abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6583 presents with a mild form of @entity302 in terms of @entity410 severity; however, it is more challenging in regard to drug management and has a less favorable long-term prognosis in terms of @entity410 remission. The number of lesions or disease activity seen on computed tomography (CT) as well as EEG abnormalities have no prognostic value in @entity302 due to @entity6583 .

title: @entity302 due to XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['NC', 'neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['postictal deficits', 'postictal deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy', 'BE', 'benign epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: The perioperative stress response is one of the factors leading to @entity73 ( @entity73 ). @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) can reduce the stress response and hippocampus neuroapoptosis, but its mechanism of action on @entity73 remains unknown. This study investigated the protective effect and possible mechanism of @entity9170 on @entity73 in aged @entity35 . Ninety-six aged male @entity35 were randomly divided into four groups (n = 24 @entity35 per group): a non-surgical control group, a surgical (model) group, a surgical group receiving a high dose of @entity9170 (12  g/kg), and a surgical group receiving a low dose of @entity9170 (3  g/kg). Cognitive function and neuronal apoptosis were evaluated after splenectomy. Compared with the control group, the model group had significantly longer escape latencies and fewer platform crossings in the Morris water-maze test. Immunohistochemistry showed that @entity28758 and @entity5019 positive neurons in the hippocampus increased on postoperative days 1 and 3. Greater downregulation of the @entity1976 protein and upregulation of Fas, @entity12276 , and @entity2311 significantly increased neuroapoptosis in the model group. Compared with the model group, @entity35 given @entity9170 had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer @entity28758 and @entity5019 positive neurons in the hippocampal @entity1249 area, (4) upregulation of @entity1976 , (5) downregulation of Fas, @entity12276 , and @entity2311 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Thus, our data suggest that @entity9170 may improve cognitive functioning in aged @entity35 by inhibiting neural over-excitability. The mechanism may operate by restraining @entity28758 and @entity5019 expression.

title: XXXX alleviates @entity73 by inhibiting neuron excitation in aged @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['POCD', 'postoperative cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['Dexmedetomidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we examined whether stress-induced suppression of reproduction is mediated through the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter @entity935 (DA) in the female cichlid fish @entity13864 . In the first experiment, application of antibody against @entity669 hydroxylase (TH, a marker for DA) in the brain sections revealed the presence of intensely stained TH immunoreactive cells in preoptic area (POA) and nucleus preopticus (NPO) during previtellogenic phase. These cells showed weak immunoreactivity during vitellogenic and prespawning phases concomitant with darkly stained luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactive content in the @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) of the pituitary gland and fully ripened follicles (stage V) in the ovary of the control fish. However, in fish exposed to aquacultural stressors, TH secreting cells remained intensely stained in POA and NPO regions during prespawning phase, indicating increased synthetic and secretory activity, which was reflected by significantly higher DA content compared to controls. Increased DA activity due to stress was associated with decrease in the LH immunoreactive content in @entity4094 and absence of stage V follicles in the ovary. In the second experiment, administration of DA caused effects similar to those of stressed fish, whereas DA receptor antagonist @entity2211 ( @entity13304 ) treatment significantly increased LH content in @entity4094 and the number of stage V follicles in unstressed fish. On the other hand, treatment of @entity13304 to stressed fish resulted in dark accumulations of LH immunoreactive content in @entity4094 accompanied by the presence of stage V follicles in the ovary. Taken together, these results suggest an additional pathway for the inhibitory effects of stress through dopaminergic neurones along the reproductive axis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Evidence for the involvement of @entity935 in stress-induced suppression of reproduction in the cichlid fish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal pars distalis', 'PPD']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity13864 :: ('8127', 'Species') :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

answer: @entity13864 :: (8127,Species) :: ['Oreochromis mossambicus']


abstract: Few cases of spontaneously horizontally transferred bacterial genes into plant genomes have been described to date. The occurrence of horizontally transferred genes from the T-DNA of @entity7060 into the plant genome has been reported in the genus Nicotiana and in the species Linaria vulgaris. Here we compare patterns of evolution in one of these genes (a gene encoding @entity57568 synthase, mis) following three different events of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). As this gene plays an important role in @entity7060 , and there are known cases showing that genes from pathogens can acquire plant protection function, we hypothesised that in at least some of the studied species we will find signs of selective pressures influencing mis sequence. The @entity57568 synthase (mis) gene evolved in a different manner in the branch leading to @entity286 and @entity57569 , in the branch leading to N. glauca and in the genus Linaria. Our analyses of the genus Linaria suggest that the mis gene began to degenerate soon after the HGT. In contrast, in the case of N. glauca, the mis gene evolved under significant selective pressures. This suggests a possible role of @entity57568 synthase in current N. glauca and its ancestor(s). In @entity286 and @entity57569 , the mis gene has a common frameshift mutation that disrupted its open reading frame. Interestingly, our results suggest that in spite of the frameshift, the mis gene could evolve under selective pressures. This sequence may still have some regulatory role at the RNA level as suggested by coverage of this sequence by small RNAs in @entity286 .

title: The evolutionary fate of the horizontally transferred agrobacterial XXXX synthase gene in the genera Nicotiana and linaria.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['N. tabacum', 'Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity7060 :: ('359', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium', 'Agrobacterium rhizogenes']

entities_list: @entity57569 :: ('4098', 'Species') :: ['N. tomentosiformis']

entities_list: @entity57568 :: ('MESH:C082688', 'Chemical') :: ['mikimopine']

answer: @entity57568 :: (MESH:C082688,Chemical) :: ['mikimopine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ) is an @entity1112 caused by deficient activity of enzyme @entity10153 , resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids within lysosomes. @entity358 in @entity2314 has previously been documented, but until now has been studied only in a few series of @entity1 without any longitudinal follow-up. The aim of this study was to compare spirometric changes in @entity2314 @entity1 with a matched control population and to follow the subsequent progression of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty individuals (27 @entity1 , 23 @entity1 , mean age 40 +/- 14 years) with @entity2314 from 14 families underwent a static spirometric examination under standard conditions. A set of indices was compared with that of the control population. Out of this cohort, 39 individuals not receiving enzyme replacement therapy were longitudinally evaluated (median follow-up time 24 months). RESULTS: A clinically significant reduction in spirometric parameters, corresponding to mild to severe @entity1224 , was observed in 26% of @entity1 and 61% of @entity1 . During the serial follow-up, a significant (p < 0.05) age-dependent reduction of predicted %FVC and %FEV1 values was observed in male @entity1 , while the influence of age was not seen in female @entity1 . The %FEF(25-75) values decreased by similar degrees in @entity1 and @entity1 and in older and younger @entity1 , indicating that progressive @entity2488 affects the small airways first. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a clinically relevant age- and sex-dependent progressive @entity358 in @entity2314 @entity1 . The effects of enzyme replacement therapy on @entity358 remain to be demonstrated.

title: Natural history of the respiratory involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial disease']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disorder']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Anderson-Fabry disease', 'AFD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity10153 :: ('2717', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-galactosidase A']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Anderson-Fabry disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity1538 is a progressive @entity1781 that can cause an irreversible @entity1018 . A reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is beneficial in slowing or halting its progression. Once-per-day monotherapy @entity726 medications, such as @entity3009 analogues, are effective in lowering IOP while maintaining @entity1 ' adherence. Achieving the desired target IOP often requires multiple medications. The present study evaluates @entity432 of both the inferior and superior puncta as an adjunctive therapy to travoprost ophthalmic solution 0.004% for @entity1 with primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 in order to reduce IOP. METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 who were using travoprost 0.004% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of @entity1538 or @entity2790 received @entity1346 punctal plugs in the superior and inferior puncta of one eye. After one month, the IOP was remeasured. The percentage change of the IOP from the baseline was analysed by using a paired sample t-test. RESULTS: The mean baseline IOP was 19.82    1.19 mmHg in the test eyes and 18.32    1.11 mmHg in the control eyes. The mean IOP at the one-month visit was 18.23    1.17 mmHg in the test eyes and 18.45    1.04 mmHg in the control eyes. The test eyes demonstrated a decrease in IOP of 1.59 (   0.95) mmHg from the baseline, or a 6.82 per cent decrease in the IOP from the baseline. The control eyes had an increase in IOP of 0.14    0.77 mmHg from the baseline, or a 1.91 per cent increase in the IOP. The relative difference in the IOP between the test eyes and the control eyes at the one-month visit was 1.73 mmHg, or 8.74 per cent. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, @entity432 offers a statistically and clinically significant decrease in IOP when it is used as an adjunctive therapy to travoprost 0.004% for @entity1 who are suffering from @entity1538 or @entity2790 .

title: XXXX punctal plugs as an adjunctive therapy for @entity1538 and @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['punctal occlusion']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['Silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously demonstrated that older beagles have impaired whole body and @entity296 responsiveness (MIR), and that glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity25600 [7-36] @entity6346 ) improves MIR in young beagles with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Here, we sought to determine if aging alone predisposes to an accelerated course of @entity384 , and if @entity25600 [7-36] @entity6346 would restore MIR and impact the course of @entity384 in older beagles. METHODS: Eight young beagles (Young-Control) and sixteen old beagles underwent chronic left ventricle (LV) instrumentation. Seven old beagles were treated with @entity25600 (7-36) @entity6346 (2.5 pmol/kg/min) for 2 weeks prior to instrumentation and for 35 days thereafter (Old   +   @entity25600 ), while other 9 served as control (Old-Control). All @entity235 underwent baseline metabolic determinations and LV biopsy for mitochondria isolation prior to the development of @entity384 induced by rapid pacing (240 min-1). Hemodynamic measurements were performed routinely as @entity712 progressed. RESULTS: At baseline, all old beagles had elevated non-esterifed @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ), and impaired MIR. @entity25600 reduced plasma @entity3691 (Old-Control: 853        34; Old   +   @entity25600 : 531        33  mol/L, p   <   0.02), improved MIR (Old-Control: 289        54; Old   +   @entity25600 : 512        44 mg/min/100 mg, p   <   0.05), and increased @entity60423 ( @entity60423 ) expression in isolated mitochondria. Compared to the Young-Control, the Old-Controls experienced an accelerated course of @entity384 (7 days versus 29 days, p   <   0.005) and excess mortality, while the Old   +   @entity25600 experienced increased latency to the onset of @entity384 (7 days versus 23 days, p   <   0.005) and reduced mortality. CONCLUSION: Aging is associated with @entity296 resistance, which predispose to an accelerated course of @entity384 . @entity25600 treatment is associated with increased MIR and protection against an accelerated course of @entity384 in older beagles.

title: @entity25600 (7-36) @entity6346 restores XXXX and prevents the progression of @entity712 in senescent beagles.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial insulin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial insulin sensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main purpose of the study was to quantify the direct costs of @entity5 treatment to the healthcare system of Greece. Another aim was to identify factors that affect costs and potential cost reduction items. More specifically, we examined the relationship between stage of disease, modality of treatment and total direct costs. METHODS: The medical records and clinic files of the Oral and Maxillofacial Clinic of the Athens General Hospital "Genimatas" were abstracted to investigate clinical treatment characteristics, including length of hospitalization, modes of treatment, stage of disease etc. Records of 95 @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ), with at least six months of follow-up, were examined. The clinical data was then used to calculate actual direct costs, based on 2001 market values. RESULTS: The mean total direct costs for @entity957 treatment estimated at @entity7634 8,450 or approximately US  7,450. Costs depended on the stage of the disease, with significant increases in stages III and IV, as compared with stages I and II (p < 0.05). Multi-modality treatment applied mainly to @entity1 in stages III and IV was the factor that affected the cost. Disease stage was also associated with the total duration of hospitalization (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical management of advanced @entity5 is strongly associated with higher costs. Although the ideal would be to prevent @entity5 , the combination of high-risk screening, early diagnosis and early treatment seems the most efficient way to reduce costs, and most importantly, prolong life.

title: XXXX treatment costs in Greece and the effect of advanced disease.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'OSSC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oral cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity387 ( @entity387 ) are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and @entity353 is recommended to overweight or @entity28 @entity1 with @entity387 . However, maintenance of @entity353 is difficult to achieve and strategies for @entity353 maintenance is needed. @entity350 is a pharmacological agent that reduces the intestinal absorption of fat and may favour long-term weight maintenance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the change in body weight and dietary intake during a 1-year treatment with @entity350 after an initial @entity353 in @entity28 subjects with @entity387 . Furthermore, to explore the dietary determinants of weight maintenance during treatment with @entity350 . METHODS: @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity387 aged 32-62 years (n=63) participated in a 3-month dietary intervention to increase intake of vegetables and fruit. After an initial @entity353 of 3.4 kg they achieved a mean body mass index of 34.3  4.7 kg/m2. Subsequently they were treated with @entity350 for 1 year. During this year, dietary and behavioural interventions to attain @entity353 were provided in the course of 14 group sessions. Dietary intake, energy density and food choices were assessed with a food frequency questionnaire before and after @entity350 treatment. RESULTS: With @entity350 , body weight decreased by a mean of 3.5 kg (95% CI 1.5, 5.5). The dietary E% from saturated fat, intake of fatty dairy products and energy density increased after 1 year while intakes of oils, fish and vegetables decreased (all P<0.05). After multivariate adjustments, @entity353 was associated with E% protein (R2adj=0.19 [95% CI 0.10, 0.46]), and inversely associated with E% saturated fat (R2adj=0.20 [95% CI 0.12, 0.47]) and fatty dairy products (R2adj=0.23 [95% CI 0.12, 0.49]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity350 induced further @entity353 , but dietary compliance declined with time. Increasing dietary protein and restricting saturated fat and fatty dairy products may facilitate @entity353 with @entity350 .

title: XXXX after initial dietary/behavioural treatment: changes in body weight and dietary maintenance in subjects with sleep related @entity387 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity350 :: ('MESH:C055122', 'Chemical') :: ['Orlistat', 'orlistat']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep related breathing disorders', 'SRBD']

answer: @entity350 :: (MESH:C055122,Chemical) :: ['Orlistat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity4184 (BUD) is available in a range of doses for treating @entity102 . OBJECTIVES: To quantitatively assess the efficacy and safety of @entity4184 at different doses in order to establish whether a clinically significant dose response profile exists. SEARCH STRATEGY: A search was carried out for Controlled and Randomised Clinical Trials (RCTs) using the Cochrane Airways Group trial register, correspondence with trial authors and the manufacturer. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in @entity1 and adults comparing one dose of @entity4184 to a second dose in the treatment of @entity102 . Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data; authors were contacted to clarify missing information. Quantitative analyses where undertaken using Review Manager. MAIN RESULTS: 24 studies were selected for inclusion in the review (3907 subjects). In non-oral @entity134 treated, mild to moderately severe @entity565 no clinically worthwhile differences in FEV1, morning PEFR, symptom scores or rescue @entity2263 agonist use were apparent across a dose range of 200-1600 mcg/d. However, in moderate to severe @entity565 there was a significant reduction in the likelihood of trial withdrawal due to @entity565 exacerbation with BUD 800 mcg/d compared to 200 mcg/d: RR 3.93 (95% CI, 1.4 to 10.9). This result was largely weighted by a single large high quality RCT. In a single study in @entity1 receiving oral @entity288 , clinically significant improvements favouring high dose BUD (1600 mcg/d) over low dose (200 mcg/d) were apparent for FEV1 and morning PEFR. In two studies there was no dose dependent oral @entity134 sparing effect for BUD 1600 mcg/d v 800 or 400 mcg/d. Statistically significant, dose dependent suppression of 24 hour urinary free @entity701 excretion and serum @entity701 post synthetic ACTH infusion over the dose range 800-3200 mcg/d were apparent but the clinical significance of these findings is unclear. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity4184 exhibits a clinically significant dose response effect for improvement in FEV1 in severe @entity565 and reduction of exacerbations in moderate to severe @entity565 . No significant dose dependent improvements in FEV1, PEFR or symptoms are evident in non-oral @entity134 treated asthmatics with mild to moderate disease. Dose dependent alterations in sensitive measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function were evident but the clinical significance of these changes is unclear.

title: XXXX at different doses for @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic asthma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['Budesonide', 'budesonide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['Budesonide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Complicated @entity12127 ( @entity12127 ) is usually treated by parenteral way thus keeping the bowel at rest. To date there are no clear recommendations regarding the route of nutrition administration. We study the safety of early feeding by oral energetic fiber-free liquid diet in non-surgical complicated @entity12127 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From February 2008 to October 2011, 25 @entity1 were admitted with complicated @entity12127 and took part in this prospective study. Surgical and medical assessments were performed at admission. Initial treatment was given with perfusion, intravenous antibiotics and hydric diet. Within 72 hours of admission, antibiotic therapy was switched to oral administration for 5 up to 15 days depending on the progression of the disease. At the same time the @entity1 received oral liquid fiber-free feeding. Solid but fiber-free diet was introduced 24h hours before discharge. RESULTS: 25 cases of @entity12127 were complicated with covered perforation and/or abscess. Mean hospitalisation time was 10A.4 days. 23 cases had good recovery and discharged, while 1 case progressed to @entity694 during hospitalisation, requiring a sigmoidectomy with a one-time @entity254 with good recovery. One @entity1 relapsed his abscess during hospitalisation despite CT guided drainage and required sigmoidectomy with transient ileostomy. The mean daily treatment and nutrition cost for the non-surgical 23 @entity1 was 30 @entity7634 . CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition in complicated @entity12127 is feasible, not harmful, and reduce both, mean hospitalization time and treatment cost. Further studies comparing enteral with parenteral nutrition are necessary to confirm our hypothesis.

title: Is early enteral nutrition dangerous in acute non surgical complicated diverticulitis? About 25 XXXX fed with oral fiber free energetic liquid diet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Colonic Diverticulitis', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In its phase of @entity342 -independence, @entity263 is characterized by a high proliferation rate and by a strong ability to give rise to @entity3 . @entity442 has been shown to exert a potent mitogenic action on @entity263 . We investigated whether @entity442 might also affect the motility of @entity263 cells and defined the mechanism of action. We found that @entity442 promotes the migratory capacity of @entity342 -independent @entity263 cells through the activation of its specific receptor, @entity2856 . This effect was accompanied by a change in cell morphology (as revealed by scanning electron microscopy), and by a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. The treatment of cells with the @entity10412 inhibitor, @entity2306 , counteracted the pro-migratory activity of @entity442 . Experiments were then performed to clarify whether the @entity9615 , could be involved in the action of @entity442 . We demonstrated that: a) the @entity442 -induced migration of cells is completely antagonized by an antibody specifically blocking the function of alphavbeta3; b) @entity442 increases alphavbeta3 immunofluorescence at the level of cell membranes, and this effect is counteracted by @entity2306 ; and c) @entity442 increases alphavbeta3 protein levels. Our results demonstrate that @entity442 promotes the motility of @entity342 -independent @entity263 cells by modulating alphavbeta3 @entity9615 activation/expression; these effects are mediated by the @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling pathway. This study: a) supports a crucial role for @entity442 in the progression of the pathology towards the highly metastatic phase; and b) provides an additional rationale basis for the development of therapeutic strategies directed at the @entity442 / @entity2856 system in the treatment of @entity342 -independent @entity263 .

title: Insulin-like growth factor-I promotes migration in human XXXX -independent @entity263 cells via the alphavbeta3 @entity9615 and @entity10412 / @entity584 signaling.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity9615 :: ('3685', 'Gene') :: ['integrin, alphavbeta3', 'integrin']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: @entity6323 is a rare and potentially curable @entity5 . Uncertainty about the results of treatment derives from lack of a large series in the same center and of a long-term follow-up of the published cases. A review of the world literature from 1871 to 1989 allowed us to collect information on 141 @entity1 with @entity6323 to which our three cases have to be added. The @entity5 arose from the lower segment of the inferior vena cava (infrarenal portion) in 49 @entity1 , from the middle segment (from the renal veins to the hepatic veins) in 59, and from the upper segment (from the hepatic veins to the right atrium) in 34 @entity1 . Complete clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic data and up-to-date follow-up have been obtained through personal correspondence with several authors. All data have been examined with both univariate and multivariate analyses as predictive factors for outcome. Variables, associated with an increased risk of @entity204 from disease, included the involvement of inferior vena cava upper segment and a high-grade @entity5 . @entity1 who underwent a radical resection of the @entity5 (82 @entity1 , 56.9%) had a significantly better survival (27.9% and 14.2%, 5- and 10-year survival rates, respectively). Of these @entity1 , those with @entity5 of the inferior vena cava middle segment fared better than those with @entity5 (5- and 10-year survival rates were 48.3% and 34.4%, respectively, for @entity5 and 9.3% and 0.0% for @entity5 ). Variables associated with a good outcome and longer survival were the presence of @entity490 and the absence of a palpable abdominal mass. Despite the high rate of recurrence (52.4% of @entity1 undergoing radical operation; median time, 25 months), radical resection of @entity6323 is the only chance for a long-term cure. An earlier and more accurate preoperative diagnosis, by means of modern diagnostic techniques (echography, CT scanning, magnetic resonance imaging) will allow a higher rate of radical resection to be performed with an increase in @entity1 survival.

title: XXXX : analysis and search of world literature on 141 @entity1 and report of three new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'middle segment tumor', 'lower segment tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava', 'inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity6323 :: (MESH:C563013,Disease) :: ['Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava']


abstract: @entity18227 is caused by cutaneous fungi and rarely affects large joints. This is a case report on @entity18227 in the left knee of an elderly individual without immunosuppression. It was accompanied by @entity158 and swelling the anterior knee. The case was first suspected to be @entity2585 , and was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, without remission of symptoms. Surgical treatment was performed, with resection of the suprapatellar bursa and anterior region of the @entity121 tendon. The material was sent for anatomopathological examination and culturing. The pathological examination showed @entity18227 . The treatment instituted consisted of @entity2059 , 200  mg/day for six weeks, and complete remission of symptoms was achieved. The physical examination remained normal after one year of follow-up. This is the first published case of @entity281 in the suprapatellar region of the knee. Although almost all the cases reported have been associated with immunosuppressed @entity1 , this was an exception. It is important to suspect @entity18227 in cases of knee @entity281 , in the area of the suprapatellar bursa, when the symptoms do not resolve after clinical treatment.

title: XXXX in the knee.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'phaeohyphomycosis infection']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['suprapatellar bursitis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity18227 :: ('MESH:D060446', 'Disease') :: ['Phaeohyphomycosis', 'phaeohyphomycosis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Phaeohyphomycosis infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) provides higher-resolution of imaging and allows both diagnosis and treatment in the small intestine. However, the role of BAE in @entity101 ( @entity101 ) is not clear. The purpose of this study is to define BAE findings and its utility in @entity1 with @entity101 . METHODOLOGY: This study included 20 cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity101 and 20 control @entity1 , matched by age and gender, who underwent BAE. The indications were to investigate the cause of obscure @entity360 and to achieve a diagnosis in @entity1 with abnormal video capsule endoscopy and/ or abnormal radiological imaging. We evaluated the diagnostic yield and safety of BAE in @entity101 . RESULTS: BAE revealed significantly abnormal small bowel mucosa including @entity2817 -like lesions, friability, @entity4 , @entity548 in @entity101 . There was a significantly higher prevalence of small bowel @entity2817 - like lesions (65%) in the cirrhotic @entity1 as compared with that (10%) in the controls (p = 0.01). Among the @entity1 with small @entity29 (65%), seven @entity1 (35%) exhibited a diffuse pattern, which was not found in the control group (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Our study has shown that small bowel @entity2817 -like lesion, particularly, the diffuse form of the lesion, is the @entity10900 in @entity101 .

title: Balloon-assisted enteroscopy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertensive enteropathy', 'PHE']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['erythema, and punctate hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity10900 :: ('MESH:D009056', 'Disease') :: ['dominant mucosal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel angiodysplasialike lesions']

entities_list: @entity2817 :: ('MESH:D016888', 'Disease') :: ['angiodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertensive enteropathy']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of the @entity1062 only accounts for 0.2% of all @entity5 in Japan. The clinicopathological features, including differences between Japanese and Europe/United States (Eur/US) series', which are @entity43 , have not yet been sufficiently recognized. In the present study, five @entity4303 from various clinicopathological viewpoints were analyzed, with a review of the literature. All 15 cases in Japan, including 10 previously reported, were @entity4303 . Three of the 15 cases (20%) were associated with a @entity44 . @entity750 production was confirmed in at least 10 cases (five cases in the present study and five cases in previous studies), but @entity4303 was present in only two cases. Three of the 15 cases (20%) showed distant metastases, and the @entity5 that metastasized were larger than those that did not. These features were almost similar to those observed in the Eur/US series. Three pure @entity4303 were also studied for the number of sex chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). They did not show a significant numerical abnormality of the X chromosome, which is common in testicular germ cell @entity5 . Therefore, the genetic background of pure @entity4303 might be different from that of common germ cell @entity5 .

title: Primary @entity5 of the XXXX : Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and FISH analysis with review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['known in ovarian carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids', 'carcinoid syndrome', 'testicular carcinoids', 'insular carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: We have previously shown that colon irritation (CI) in neonates results in chronic @entity56 in adult @entity35 , associated with central neuronal sensitization in the absence of identifiable peripheral pathology. The purpose of this study is to assess the relative contribution of peripheral mechanisms to chronic @entity56 by examining the changes in responses of primary afferents at thoracolumbar (TL) and @entity10145 ( @entity10145 ) spinal segments to graded @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Afferent discharges were recorded at the cut distal ends of spinal dorsal roots (DRs) in adult control and CI @entity35 . We found that: (1). the average threshold of activation of @entity10145 afferents decreased significantly in CI @entity35 ; (2). the responses of TL and @entity10145 afferents to @entity14 in CI @entity35 were significantly greater than those in control; (3). the spontaneous activity of @entity10145 afferents in CI @entity35 was significantly stronger than that in control; (4). in CI @entity35 , the average responses to graded @entity14 of @entity10145 DRs were significantly higher than those of TL DRs; and (5). the number of both @entity10145 DRs and TL DRs activated by @entity14 in CI @entity35 was significantly larger than control. In summary, the results show that chronic @entity56 is associated with peripheral sensitization, as well as central sensitization. TL visceral afferents projecting seem to be more involved in the processing of sensitized nociceptive input from the colon than acute nociceptive input. However, @entity10145 afferents seem to be equally important in both sensitized and acute @entity158 states.

title: Long-term sensitization of primary afferents in adult @entity35 exposed to neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'colorectal distension']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['LS', 'lumbosacral']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['colon pain']


abstract: There is considerable evidence from research in neonatal and adult @entity35 and @entity19 preparations to warrant the conclusion that activation of 5-HT2 and 5-HT1A/7 receptors leads to activation of the spinal cord circuitry for locomotion. These receptors are involved in control of locomotor movements, but it is not clear how they are implicated in the responses to @entity750 agonists observed after @entity1566 . Here we used agonists that are efficient in promoting locomotor recovery in paraplegic @entity35 , @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ) (acting on 5-HT1A/7 receptors) and @entity13613 (acting on 5-HT2 receptors), to examine this issue. Analysis of intra- and interlimb coordination confirmed that the locomotor performance was significantly improved by either drug, but the data revealed marked differences in their mode of action. Interlimb coordination was significantly better after @entity10097 application, and the activity of the extensor soleus muscle was significantly longer during the stance phase of locomotor movements enhanced by @entity13613 . Our results show that activation of both receptors facilitates locomotion, but their effects are likely exerted on different populations of spinal neurons. Activation of 5-HT2 receptors facilitates the output stage of the locomotor system, in part by directly activating motoneurons, and also through activation of interneurons of the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). Activation of 5-HT7/1A receptors facilitates the activity of the locomotor CPG, without direct actions on the output components of the locomotor system, including motoneurons. Although our findings show that the combined use of these two drugs results in production of well-coordinated weight supported locomotion with a reduced need for exteroceptive stimulation, they also indicate that there might be some limitations to the utility of combined treatment. Sensory feedback and some intraspinal circuitry recruited by the drugs can conflict with the locomotor activation.

title: @entity750    and XXXX    receptor agonists facilitate plantar stepping in chronic spinal @entity35 through actions on different populations of spinal neurons.

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin', '8-OHDPAT']

entities_list: @entity13613 :: ('MESH:D011814', 'Chemical') :: ['quipazine']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize and compare community-dwelling elderly with knee and/or @entity570 ( @entity571 ), focusing on the frailty syndrome. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of the elderly with knee and/or hip @entity571 , using a subsample from the study of frailty in the Brazilian elderly (FIBRA), assessing the following: sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidity, medications, @entity308 , anthropomorphic data, falls, @entity158 , @entity2693 , physical function, and frailty. The subjective assessment of health was also performed. RESULTS: The final sample comprised 58 elderly (mean age, 74    5.5 years) as follows: 17 (29.31%) non-frail, 28 (48.28%) pre-frail, and 13 (22.41%) frail. The frail elderly received more medications than the non-frail ones (7.00    2.00 and 4.00    2.00, respectively; P = 0.001). The mean Body Mass Index was lower in the non-frail elderly as compared with those of the pre-frail and frail ones (27.00    4.50 kg/m  , 30.00    4.00 kg/m  , and 34.00    8.00 kg/m  , respectively; P = 0.018). @entity308 was more prevalent in the frail group. Compared to the previous year, there was a difference in the health status of the groups as follows: 64.3% of the pre-frail elderly and 46.2% of the frail ones believed their health deteriorated, and 52.9% of the non-frail elderly considered that their health status remained unchanged (P = 0.016). When comparing the current physical activity levels with those of the previous year, the pre-frail and frail elderly reported a worsening (P = 0.010). Regarding physical function and fall-related self-efficacy, the frail elderly were worse than the others (P = 0.023 and 0.017, respectively). There were no significant differences between the groups for the remaining items analyzed. CONCLUSION: The elderly with @entity571 and frailty use more medications, are more @entity28 and @entity308 , have a poorer perception of their own health and of their level of activity as compared with that of the previous year, have a worse fall-related self-efficacy, and worse physical function.

title: Frailty syndrome in the community-dwelling elderly with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate, in parallel to clinical and histological modifications, the expression of specific proteins involved in different extraoral autologous bone grafts integration in @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 needing oral rehabilitation of posterior maxilla, with inadequate bone volume for implant placement, received bone grafts from calvaria (Group 1) and iliac crest (Group 2), respectively. From five @entity1 from each group, with a total of 10 subjects, bone biopsy specimens were collected at two different experimental time points: at bone blocks withdrawal for grafting (T0), from donor sites, and after 4 months, from reconstructed sites. Samples were processed for light microscope and immunohistochemical analyses to evaluate @entity1495 , @entity7 , BSP, iNOS expression. RESULTS: Morphological analysis of T0 calvaria evidenced areas of extracellular matrix, uniformly stained and organized in concentric mineralized lamellae edging few vascular canals, while T0 iliac crest showed greater cellularity compared to calvaria, with rare mineralized areas, surrounding wide bone marrow lacunae. In T1, Group 1 samples showed large areas of extracellular matrix, uniformly stained, at the same time as Group 2 samples disclosed few areas of mineralized tissue. Although no significant differences were found in proteins expression among calvaria and iliac crest T0 samples, @entity1495 , @entity7 and BSP expression at T1 were discovered higher in Group 1 samples than in Group 2 ones, while iNOS expression increased in Group 2 samples compared to the others. In any group, molecules expression increased passing from T0 to T1. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that, even though clinically both extraoral sources of autologous bone could be considered suitable for grafting in case of large oral rehabilitation, some differences might be detected microscopically and biologically. Calvaria bone graft seemed to enhance not only the quantity of bone tissue at the defect site, but also its quality, better than iliac crest bone do. Then, while both grafts appeared to promote a suitable neoangiogenesis, as showed by morphological analysis and by @entity1495 and @entity7 expression, in terms of new bone formation and lack of occurrence of inflammatory events, calvaria could be considered a more suitable donor site for bone grafts.

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of XXXX , @entity7 , bone sialoprotein and i-nitric oxide synthase in calvaria vs. iliac crest bone grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

answer: @entity1495 :: (4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a trend towards hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) in @entity263 to apply high single doses in a few fractions. Using the Cyberknife   robotic system multiple non-coplanar fields are usually given with a treatment time of one hour or more. We planned to evaluate organ motion in this setting injecting a hydrogel spacer to protect the anterior rectal wall during treatment. METHODS: A 66  years old @entity1 with low risk @entity263 was planned for robotic hypofractionated stereotactic RT. After implantation of fiducial markers and a hydrogel spacer a total dose of 36.25  Gy in 5 fractions was given to the planning target volume (clinical target volume   +   3  mm). After each beam the corresponding data reporting on the intra-fractional movement were pre-processed, the generated log-files extracted and the data analysed according to different directions: left -right (LR); anterior - posterior (AP); inferior -superior (IS). Clinical assessments were prospectively done before RT start, one week after the end of treatment as well as 1, 6 and 12  months afterwards. Symptoms were documented using Common @entity137 and Adverse Events Criteria 4.0. RESULTS: Tolerability of marker and hydrogel implantation was excellent. A total of 284 non-coplanar fields were used per fraction. The total treatment time for all fields per fraction lasted more than 60  minutes. The detected and corrected movements over all 5 fractions were in a range of +/- 4  mm in all directions (LR: mean 0,238 - SD 0,798; AP: mean 0,450 - SD 1,690; and IS: mean 0,908 - SD 1,518). V36Gy for the rectum was 0.062 ccm. After RT, grade 1-2 intestinal @entity137 and grade 1 genitourinarytoxicity occurred, but resolved completely after 10  days. On 1-, 6- and 12-months follow-up the @entity1 was free of any symptoms with only slight decrease of erectile function (grade 1). There was a continuous PSA decline. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate movement was relatively low (+/- 4  mm) even during fraction times of more than 60  minutes. The hydrogel spacer might serve as a kind of stabilisator for the prostate, but this should be analysed in a larger cohort of @entity1 .

title: Long-term intra-fractional motion of the prostate using hydrogel spacer during Cyberknife   treatment for XXXX --a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) with t (8;21) (q22;q22) and loss of Y chromosomes. Clinical data of 267 cases of @entity3052 were collected from January 2010 to June 2013. Among 267 @entity3052 , there were 13 cases with t (8;21) (q22;q22) and loss of Y chromosomes. The clinical data including clinical indicators, treatment protocols, curative effect and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. The results showed that after normalized chemotherapy, there were 4 @entity1 with complete remission at the first cycle of treatment, 4 @entity1 with complete remission at the second cycle, 4 @entity1 with complete remission at the third cycle, but one @entity1 without complete remission after 4 cycles. There were 6 @entity1 who did not relapse during consolidation and intensive therapy. Among these 6 @entity1 , 4 cases accepted chemotherapy combined with transplantation, other 2 cases accepted chemotherapy. In the remainder 6 @entity1 , 4 cases relapsed once, one cases relapsed twice, 1 cases relapsed for three times. Moreover, 2 cases who accepted the chemotherapy and auto-hematopoietic stem cell trans-plantation, were diagnosed as relapse, after accepted allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, currently are in disease-free status. In follow-up period, the relapse-free survival (RFS) time was 4.67    3.45 months in chemotherapy group, the RFS time is 34.17    21.37 months in chemotherapy and transplantation group. The chemotherapy combined with transplantation extended the RFS time (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the NCCN guide indicates that @entity3052 with t (8;21) ( q22;q22) showed a good prognosis. but the clinical course of treatment confirmed that the prognosis of @entity3052 @entity1 with t (8;21) (q22;q22) and loss Y chromosomes is poor, including uneasy remisson and easy relapse, for improving the prognosis of these @entity1 , the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be recommended.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX with t(8;21) (q22;q22) and loss of Y chromosome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze mutations in a pedigree of @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ) from Sichuan and provide genetic counseling for the family. METHODS: Clinical data of a case with @entity9058 diagnosed at West China Second Hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of the proband and his family members. Eight candidate genes for primary HLH were amplified with PCR and analyzed by direct sequencing. RESULTS: The proband was diagnosed as HLH based on clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity221 for 2 months, @entity828 , @entity3329 , @entity3043 , @entity6737 , and decreased fibrinogen and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. Genetic testing for primary HLH was carried out considering the relapse of illness after hormone therapy for 8 weeks and the family history. The results of gene sequencing showed that the proband has carried compound heterozygous mutations in @entity12734 gene ( @entity57751 in exon 3 and @entity57752 in exon 2). His father has carried a heterozygous mutation ( @entity57752 in exon 2) and nonsense mutation ( @entity57753 in exon 3), and his mother carried a heterozygous mutation ( @entity57751 in exon 3). Both @entity57751 and @entity57752 have been previously reported as pathogenic mutations. CONCLUSION: The family has been diagnosed as @entity1605 based on clinical and laboratory examinations and molecular genetic testing. Gene sequencing has indicated that is was a @entity74 .

title: [Analysis of clinical phenotype and genetic mutations of a pedigree of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['familial HLH type 2']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis', 'FHLH']

entities_list: @entity6737 :: ('MESH:C538137', 'Disease') :: ['hyperferritinemia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive type familial HLH']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting reports have caused controversy on whether cysticidal drugs modify the natural course of @entity6583 . PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis of randomized trials assessing the effect of cysticidal drugs on neuroimaging and clinical outcomes of @entity1 with @entity6583 . DATA SOURCES: Search of MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) between 1979 and 2005. There were no language restrictions. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized trials of cysticidal drug therapy for @entity6583 that met predefined criteria designed to allow characterization of the disease and objective evaluation of therapy. The authors independently reviewed articles. Abstracted data included study design, number of randomly assigned @entity1 and withdrawals, intervention, adverse events, timing of neuroimaging studies, and outcomes. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Six trials randomly assigned 464 @entity1 with @entity5409 ( @entity10970 ), and 5 trials randomly assigned 478 @entity1 with enhancing lesions ( @entity3079 ). Parasites were located in the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space at the convexity of the cerebral hemispheres. Cysticidal drug therapy was associated with complete resolution of @entity5409 (44% vs. 19%; P = 0.025). Trials on enhancing lesions showed a trend toward lesion resolution favoring the use of cysticidal drugs (72% vs. 63%; P = 0.38) that became statistically significant when an outlier trial was excluded from the analysis (69% vs. 55%; P = 0.006). Risk for @entity410 recurrence was lower after cysticidal treatment in @entity1 with enhancing lesions (14% vs. 37%; P < 0.001). The single trial evaluating the frequency of @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity5409 showed a 67% reduction in the rate of generalized @entity410 with treatment (P = 0.006). LIMITATIONS: Not all studies focused on the control of @entity410 as an outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Cysticidal drug therapy results in better resolution of @entity3079 , lower risk for recurrence of @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity3079 , and a reduction in the rate of generalized @entity410 in @entity1 with @entity10970 .

title: Meta-analysis: Cysticidal drugs for XXXX : albendazole and praziquantel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6583 :: ('MESH:D020019', 'Disease') :: ['neurocysticercosis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['colloidal and vesicular cysticerci', 'colloidal cysticerci']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity10970 :: ('MESH:D012872', 'Disease') :: ['vesicular cysticerci']

answer: @entity6583 :: (MESH:D020019,Disease) :: ['neurocysticercosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is the most common, chronic debilitating disease in young adults characterized by a wide variety of @entity16 and unpredictable increasing disability. Worldwide, @entity15 affects about 2.5 million @entity1 , with a female-to-male ratio of approximately 2:1. The therapies used in the chronic treatment of @entity15 are immune-modulating agents. Interferon beta -1b has been shown to decrease the rate of relapses, the @entity75 seen on MRI, and the rate of accumulated disability. AIM: Determine the efficacy of Betaferon in @entity1 with RR form of @entity15 in terms of the degree of disability and the number of relapses during the two years of continuous treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study, partly retrospective, partly prospective, included 58 @entity1 of both sexes with @entity15 , RR type, from the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, who received Betaferon treatment, from the Solidarity Fund, during 2 years period. Evaluation of efficacy was based on the degree of disability measured by EDDS scale and number of relapses. RESULTS: In our sample, @entity1 were represented in the ratio of 3:1 compared to @entity1 . 44.8% of @entity1 were referred from Clinical Centre University in Sarajevo (UCCS), 34.5% from University Clinical Centre Tuzla (UCCT) and 20.7% from @entity922 ( @entity922 ). The smallest number of @entity1 have had a relapse sent from CCUS (0.04, SD = 0.196), which was in direct correlation with input EDSS score at baseline (= 1.3) compared to @entity1 from the UCCT, who had an average of 1.05 relapses, SD = 1.35, and the input EDSS score is 2.15. @entity1 referred from @entity922 had an average of 0.08 relapses, SD = 0.93, while the input EDSS score was around 1. In terms of the degree of disability, measured by EDSS, we get a minimal increase in the @entity1 from UCCS and UCCT, while @entity1 from @entity922 had a reduction of EDDS for the 0.45 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Betaferon therapy must start as soon as possible, preferably when @entity922 ( @entity922 ) is diagnosed. The reason for early start is to delay the @entity66 in to definite @entity15 , and thereby reduce disability, which disease brings to young @entity1 . Key words:

title: Betaferon efficiency indicators in the treatment of relapsing remitting form of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['transfer of disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['burden of lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis', 'Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'Clinical Hospital Center Mostar', 'CHCM', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: In order to investigate the features of multidetector CT (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as the corresponding pathogic basis of @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) in the pelvis, we collected the clinical data of 13 @entity1 with pathologically confirmed @entity2460 in pelvis, and retrospectively reviewed the MDCT and MRI appearances. Of these enrolled @entity1 , 6 received MDCT scans, 5 underwent MRI scans, and 2 underwent both MDCT and MRI examinations. Shown on the MDCT and MRI, the maximum diameters of the masses ranged from 4.0 to 25.2 cm (averaged 11.8 cm). Six masses were lobulated, and seven were round or oval. In addition, all masses were well-defined and displaced the adjacent structures to some degrees. On the computed tomography, all masses were of isodensity on unenhanced scans in general, among which five masses were demonstrated with hypodense areas. On the MRI T1-weighted image, all lesions were isointense, of which patchy hypointense areas were detected in 3 cases and radial hypointense areas were in 3 cases, and the other one was presented with homogenous intensity. On T2-weighted images, most of the lesions were mixed hyperintense, of which 3 cases were of heterogenous hyperintesity, radial hypointense areas were detected in 3 @entity1 , and the other one was homogenously intense. On enhanced computed tomography and MRI, large supplying vessels were found in 4 cases; 12 cases showed moderate to conspicuous enhancement, and the other one was presented with mild homogenous enhancement. Of the @entity1 with moderate to conspicuous enhancement, patchy areas of non-enhancement were detected in 7 cases, radial areas of progressive enhancement were detected in 3 cases, and the remained 2 cases showed homogenous enhancement. On pathology, the radial area presented as progressive enhancement was @entity82 . During the follow-ups after surgery, 2 @entity1 had local recurrence and 1 had @entity3 to liver. In conclusion, the @entity2460 in the pelvis are commonly presented as a large solid, well-defined and hypervascular mass with @entity39 or cystic changes at some extents together with the displacement of adjacent structures. The radial area with hypointensity on T2-weighted image and with progressive enhancement on enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is an important feature of @entity2460 , which can be helpful for the diagnosis of this mass.

title: [Multidetector CT and magnetic resonance imaging features of XXXX in the pelvis and the relevant pathologic basis changes].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

answer: @entity2460 :: (MESH:D054364,Disease) :: ['solitary fibrous tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge is an important pre-requisite for implementing both primary as well as secondary preventive strategies for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). There are no estimates of the level of knowledge of risk factor of @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity65 . We estimated the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors and determined the factors associated with good level of knowledge among @entity1 presenting with their first @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at the National Institute of @entity65 , a major tertiary care hospital in Karachi Pakistan. @entity1 admitted with their first @entity583 were eligible to participate. Standard questionnaire was used to interview 720 subjects. Knowledge of four modifiable risk factors of @entity299 : fatty food consumption, smoking, @entity28 and exercise were assessed. The @entity1 knowing three out of four risk factors were regarded as having a good level of knowledge. A multiple logistic regression model was constructed to identify the determinants of good level of knowledge. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) was 54 (11.66) years. A mere 42% of our study population had a good level of knowledge. In multiple logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of "good" level of knowledge were (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) more than ten years of schooling were 2.5 [1.30, 4.80] (verses no schooling at all) and nuclear family system (verses extended family system) 2.54 [1.65, 3.89]. In addition, Sindhi ethnicity OR [3.03], higher level of exercise OR [2.76] and non user of @entity286 OR [2.53] were also predictors of good level of knowledge. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the lack of good level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for @entity299 among subjects admitted with @entity583 in Pakistan. There is urgent need for @entity146 and targeted educational strategies in the Pakistani population.

title: Knowledge of modifiable risk factors of XXXX among @entity1 with @entity583 in Karachi, Pakistan: a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'Cardiovascular Disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: @entity5846 ( @entity5846 ) plays an essential role as a provider of counterions for Na(+)/H(+) and Cl(-)/HCO3 (-) exchange in branchial ionic uptake processes in euryhaline crustaceans. @entity5846 activity and gene expression are low in crabs acclimated to full-strength seawater, with transfer to low salinity resulting in large-scale inductions of mRNA and subsequent enzyme activity in the posterior ion-regulating gills (e.g., G7). In the green crab Carcinus maenas, @entity5846 has been shown to be under inhibitory neuroendocrine control by a putative hormone in the x-organ-sinus gland complex (XOSG), located in the eyestalk. This study characterizes the neuroendocrine regulation of @entity5846 induction in the @entity11061 @entity11061 , a commonly used experimental organism for crustacean osmoregulation. In crabs acclimated to full-strength seawater, eyestalk ligation (ESL) triggered a 1.8- and 100-fold increase in @entity5846 activity and mRNA, respectively. Re-injection with eyestalk homogenates abolished increases in @entity5846 activity and fractionally reduced @entity5846 gene expression. ESL also enhanced @entity5846 induction by 33% after 96 h in crabs transferred to 15 ppt salinity. Injection of eyestalk homogenates into intact crabs transferred from 35 to 15 ppt diminished by 43% the @entity5846 induction stimulated by low salinity. These results point to the presence of a repressor hormone in the eyestalk. Separate injections of medullary tissue (MT) and sinus gland (SG), two components of the eyestalk, reduced salinity-stimulated @entity5846 activity by 22% and 49%, suggesting that the putative repressor is localized to the SG. Crabs injected with SG extract harvested from crabs acclimated to 5 ppt showed no decrease in @entity5846 activity, demonstrating that the hormone is down-regulated at low salinity. Our results show the presence in the XOSG of an inhibitory compound that regulates salinity-stimulated @entity5846 induction.

title: Functional Characterization of Neuroendocrine Regulation of Branchial Carbonic Anhydrase Induction in the Euryhaline Crab XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5846 :: ('MESH:C536058', 'Disease') :: ['Carbonic anhydrase', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity11061 :: ('6763', 'Species') :: ['Callinectes sapidus', 'blue crab']

answer: @entity11061 :: (6763,Species) :: ['Callinectes sapidus']


abstract: @entity2657 and secondary growth of a traumatic brain tissue @entity39 are important manifestations of secondary @entity75 and of prognostic significance in severe @entity542 . Aim of the current study was to analyze the interdependency of the resulting @entity4 from the size of the focal traumatic lesion. Male @entity35 were intubated and mechanically ventilated. A trephination was made over the left parietal cortex for induction of a @entity75 . Different injury severities were achieved by varying the contact time of the cooled @entity920 -cylinder and the exposed cortex. Animals were randomized into 12 experimental groups. Hemispheric @entity4 was measured in groups A1-A6 (n = 4-8) by gravimetry 24 hrs after lesions of six increasing severity levels. Correspondingly, in animals of groups B1-B6 (n = 5-7) the volume of @entity39 was planimetrically assessed in histological serial sections of the brain obtained 24 hrs after @entity130 of different severity. In groups A1-A6. hemispheric @entity4 (increase in weight) was growing with increasing contact duration of the cold probe with the exposed cerebral cortex, i.e. from 7.7 +/- 0.4% (5 s) to a maximum of 9.9 +/- 0.5% (25 s). Longer contact periodes (30 s) were not further effective to increase hemispheric @entity4 . The contact times and extent of swelling were linearly correlated between 5 s and 25 s (r = 0.47; p < 0.01). The volume of @entity39 in groups B1-B6 increased from 35.7 +/- 3.7 mm3 (5 s) to 106.3 +/- 10.3 mm3 (30 s). There was again a linear correlation between the duration of contact of the cold probe (i.e. injury severity) with the brain cortex and the volume of @entity39 (r = 0.77; p < 0.01). Accordingly. the lesion volume could be increased in a reproducible manner from 35.7 up to 106.3 mm3 by extending the contact times of the cooling device and cerebral cortex. @entity4 , predominantly due to @entity2657 , was expanding in relationship with the volume of @entity39 .

title: Correlation of lesion volume and XXXX from a focal brain trauma.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['Brain edema', 'vasogenic brain edema']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage', 'cold lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Hemispheric swelling', 'brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['brain swelling']