abstract: Sixty @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , Stages Ta and T1, received chemoprophylactic treatment to prevent recurrences after the complete resection of the @entity75 . The prophylactic regimen consisted of endovesical instillations alternating @entity632 and @entity1138 . The first six instillations were given at weekly intervals. The remaining ten were given at monthly intervals beginning 4 weeks after the resection. At the mean follow-up time of 28 +/- 10 @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) months, 18 @entity1 (30%) had a recurrence. Twelve of these 18 @entity1 (20%) had a recurrence during treatment. The overall number of recurrences was 46 for a 100 @entity1 -months recurrence rate of 2.72. Nine @entity1 (15%) had a regression in stage and/or grade at the first recurrence, five (8.3%) had no change, and four (6.6%) had a worsening. At the first recurrence, the treatment was continued with augmented dosages of the same drugs. However, of 12 @entity1 undergoing such second-line treatment, only two did not have further @entity5 . In three @entity1 (5%), a subsequent muscle invasive @entity5 appeared. This two-drug treatment does not appear to be more effective than the usual one-drug prophylaxis. However, it does lead to an hypotheses about the chemosensitivity of the superficial @entity5 of the bladder and its correlation with the prognosis.

title: @entity632 plus @entity1138 regimen in the prophylactic treatment of superficial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiography was employed to define the natural history of regional wall motion abnormalities in a @entity235 model of acute experimental @entity583 . Serial short-axis two-dimensional echocardiograms were recorded in 11 closed chest @entity235 before coronary occlusion and 10, 30, 60, 180 and 360 minutes after permanent coronary ligation. Radiolabeled microsphere-derived blood flows were obtained in each study period and the histochemical ( @entity5045 ) extent of @entity1188 was determined at 6 hours. Previously published methods were used to quantitate field by field (every 16.7 ms) excursion of 36 evenly spaced endocardial targets. The circumferential extent of abnormal wall motion was followed sequentially using previously published @entity854 : 1) systolic fractional radial change of less than 20%; 2) @entity910 (systolic bulging) at the point in time (echocardiographic field) in which there is maximal @entity910 ; and 3) correlation with composite normal ray motion falling outside the 95% confidence limits defined in the control period. On the basis of the @entity5045 staining pattern, the ventricle was divided into five zones: central @entity1188 zone, zone with greater than 25% transmural @entity1188 , total @entity1188 zone, border zones and normal zone. Mean systolic fractional radial change was calculated for each zone and used as an index of the magnitude of abnormal wall motion. Regardless of the @entity854 employed, the circumferential extent of abnormal wall motion manifested at 10 minutes after occlusion did not significantly change, even up to 6 hours later. Similarly, 10 minutes after coronary occlusion the three @entity1188 zones and border zones demonstrated significantly reduced systolic fractional radial change. This remained stable over the remainder of the 6 hour study period. It is concluded that once established at 10 minutes after coronary occlusion, the circumferential extent and magnitude of abnormal wall motion do not significantly change in the immediate postinfarct (6 hour) period.

title: The natural history of regional wall motion in the acutely infarcted XXXX ventricle.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['definition of abnormality', 'definitions of abnormality']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Sonographic measurement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter is a potentially important noninvasive estimate of fluid status. We researched whether nurses without prior ultrasonography experience could accurately obtain vena cava diameter measurements on models and subjects in comparison with those obtained by an expert sonographer. The design was a prospective educational study using a pre- and posttest of knowledge and a comparison of imaging performance between a subject and an expert sonographer. The setting was an urban teaching medical center with emergency nurses and a convenience sample of volunteer @entity1 selected from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). Nurses completed a written survey and a pretest to document prior training and experience in ultrasonography and assess baseline knowledge. A structured training program (3.5 hr in length) was provided over three sessions. Training consisted of didactic presentations, practice on phantoms (manikin models designed to provide the sonographic image of the @entity1 body when scanned by a trainee) and classmates, and one volunteer @entity1 in the @entity341 . Each nurse then measured IVC diameters on three different volunteer @entity1 in transverse and longitudinal orientations using frozen images. An expert sonographer, blinded to subject results, performed the same examination. Correlations were determined, and a posttraining written examination was completed and results compared with the pretest using a pair-wise t test. Fourteen nurses, with a mean of 8 years' nursing experience (range = 2-18 years), participated. Nurse-expert R value correlation for the longitudinal orientation was 0.68 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.35, 0.76]) and 0.59 (95% CI [0.47, 0.81]) for the transverse orientation. Posttest scores improved 8.2 percentage points (95% CI [4.0, 12.4]) from 83.3% to 91.5%. Following a brief training course, nurses with no prior sonography experience show moderately good correlation measuring the IVC diameter as compared with expert measurements, with better performance demonstrated in the longitudinal orientation.

title: Ultrasound measurement of inferior vena cava diameters by XXXX nurses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The classic @entity7105 trunk (ET) technique has become the standard approach for @entity1 with @entity2333 requiring a staged thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair. The aim of this study was to assess long-term outcomes and predictors for survival after surgical repair of extensive @entity2333 with the ET technique. METHODS: Between 1984 and 2013, 248 consecutive @entity1 were treated in our institution and analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up consisted of outpatient clinic visits including postoperative computed tomography imaging at 3 months and annually thereafter. Second-stage intervention was indicated if the diameter of the descending or thoracoabdominal aorta was greater than or equal to 60 mm, in case of a rapidly growing @entity439 and/or symptoms. RESULTS: Mean age was 65    10 years; 44% were male. After first-stage ET, in-hospital mortality was 8% and permanent @entity51 were observed in 2% of @entity1 . Median follow-up after the first stage was 48 months (range, 1-210 months). One hundred twelve @entity1 (45%) underwent second-stage ET. Overall survival after first-stage ET was 75% and 67% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Survival in @entity1 with second-stage ET was 87%, compared with 65% in the group who did not undergo second-stage ET at the 5-year follow-up (P  <  .001) and 67% compared with 36% at the 10-year follow-up (P  <  .001). Predictor for mortality was the absence of second-stage ET (P  =  .044). CONCLUSIONS: A 2-stage approach for @entity2333 is a safe method. The acceptable mortality at the first stage justifies the use of the classic ET technique and allows subsequent repair of the distal aorta. Long-term survival is increased when both stages are completed.

title: The classic XXXX trunk technique for staged thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic repair: Long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse aortic disease', 'thoracic aortic disease']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: We present a case of a 42-year-old male, an old case of deep vein @entity715 on @entity1229 and other drugs like @entity1089 , @entity117 , @entity3522 , @entity3724 , @entity2993 , @entity1169 and @entity837 for concurrent illnesses, who presented with widespread mucocutaneous @entity548 and epidural spinal @entity1410 . The epidural bleed presented clinically as a nontraumatic, rapidly improving @entity13890 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed an epidural @entity1410 at D12-L1 level. The case was managed conservatively due lack of neurosurgical facilities. The @entity1 gained full neurological recovery on conservative management alone. This case highlights the problem of drug interaction on @entity1229 therapy and also an unusual spontaneous recovery of spinal @entity1410 . Our case was anticoagulated in the recommended therapeutic INR range of 2.2 to 2.4. Most of the similar cases reported in literature were also anticoagulated in the therapeutic range. Thus @entity548 is a rare but dangerous complication of anticoagulant therapy. It must be suspected in any patient on anticoagulant agents who complains of local or referred @entity158 associated with @entity51 . Drug interactions with @entity1229 are common. High suspicion and immediate intervention are essential to prevent complications from @entity548 .

title: Drug interaction as cause of spontaneously resolving epidural spinal @entity1410 on XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propanolol']

entities_list: @entity3724 :: ('MESH:D011345', 'Chemical') :: ['fenofibrate']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'intraspinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity13890 :: ('MESH:D020818', 'Disease') :: ['myeloradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: Many different words are used to describe fatigue. It is unclear whether these word descriptors represent the same @entity5 symptom or dimension. The objective of this study was to identify clinical associations of three @entity1295 ( @entity1295 ): 'easy fatigue', 'weakness', and 'lack of energy' ( @entity2055 ). One thousand consecutive palliative medicine @entity1 completed a 38-item symptom checklist. The prevalence of the three @entity1295 alone and in combination was calculated. Spearman correlations assessed associations between @entity1295 . Logistic regression analysis identified univariable and multivariable predictors for each FWD. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, individually and for 0-1 versus 2-3 @entity1295 , and compared using log-rank tests. The prevalence of easy fatigue was 69%, weakness 66%, and @entity2055 61%. Correlations between the @entity1295 were high (0.65-0.79). In multivariable models, clinical associations (particularly neuro-psychiatric symptoms and performance status) of the @entity1295 were variable. @entity425 was associated with performance status, but not @entity148 or @entity308 . @entity2055 was associated with @entity148 and @entity308 , but not performance status. Fatigue was associated with @entity308 , but not @entity148 or performance status. All @entity1295 were associated with @entity2133 , early satiety, sleep problems, and @entity353 . The worst survival was associated with two or three reported @entity1295 compared with none or one (P < 0.001). @entity425 and @entity2055 had distinct clinical associations that differed from fatigue. Evaluation of fatigue should use multiple descriptors (particularly weakness), as they are not synonymous. Further research is necessary to identify biological associations for discrete @entity1295 .

title: What's in a Name? Word descriptors of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['FWDs', 'fatigue word descriptors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related fatigue']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that most newly diagnosed @entity302 @entity1 can be satisfactorily treated with a single antiepileptic drug. We therefore undertook a prospective randomised pragmatic trial of the comparative efficacy and @entity137 of four major antiepileptic drugs, utilised as monotherapy in newly diagnosed @entity302 @entity1 . Between 1981 and 1987 243 adult @entity1 aged 16 years or over, newly referred to two district general hospitals with a minimum of two previously untreated tonic-clonic or partial with or without secondary generalised @entity410 were randomly allocated to treatment with @entity109 , @entity3174 , @entity2049 , or @entity1092 . The protocol was designed to conform with standard clinical practice. Efficacy was assessed by time to first @entity410 after the start of treatment and time to enter one year remission. The overall outcome with all of the four drugs was good with 27% remaining @entity410 free and 75% entering one year of remission by three years of follow up. No significant differences between the four drugs were found for either measure of efficacy at one, two, or three years of follow up. The overall incidence of unacceptable side effects, necessitating withdrawal of the randomised drug, was 10%. For the individual drugs @entity109 (22%) was more likely to be withdrawn than @entity3174 (3%), @entity2049 (11%), and @entity1092 (5%). In @entity1 with newly diagnosed tonic-clonic or partial with or without secondary generalised @entity410 , the choice of drug will be more influenced by considerations of @entity137 and costs.

title: @entity109 , @entity3174 , @entity2049 , or XXXX for newly diagnosed @entity302 : a randomised comparative monotherapy trial.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['sodium valproate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a novel ex vivo extended culture model of @entity235 corneal epithelial cell wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity235 @entity14726 ( @entity14726 ) were obtained and, after preparation for culture, were placed on a nutating scaffold and incubated in physiological conditions. In experiment 1, eight @entity14726 in a serum-containing antimicrobial-fortified medium were monitored for epithelial integrity and @entity2348 up to 28 days in culture. @entity14726 were assessed histologically at the end of the culture period end points 0, 7, 14, and 28 days with accompanying scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) evaluation. Samples for microbial culture were obtained at days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28. In experiment 2, uniform 8-mm-diameter superficial corneal epithelial wounds were created and monitored for re-epithelialization in the same culture conditions or in a serum-free protein equivalent medium, with four @entity14726 per group. Standardized digital images were obtained with @entity1953 filter at the time of @entity941 staining and media change every six hours. Image J imaging software was used to measure the area of @entity941 retention. Re-epithelialization rates were calculated and @entity14726 then fixed for immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: All corneas survived to end points as described in experiment 1 with no evidence of contamination or compromised epithelial integrity. Histologically, a multilayered epithelium was maintained and @entity3279 was not appreciated until day 14. SEM examination revealed epithelial cell layer confluence and migrating epithelial cells of normal cellular morphology with normal cell-cell interactions on TEM. In experiment 2, all eight corneas healed with a healing rate of 0.702    0.130 mm(2)/h (1.25 mm/day epithelial cell migration rate) and were positive in IHC evaluation for markers of @entity82 . CONCLUSION: This ex vivo @entity235 corneal wound healing model is an appropriate and clinically relevant tool for assessment and modulation of epithelial wound healing.

title: Development and Assessment of a Novel XXXX Ex Vivo Corneal Model.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['corneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity14726 :: ('MESH:C536816', 'Disease') :: ['corneoscleral rims', 'CSR']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Smoking cigarettes is the major risk factor for @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). @entity1030 is a condition associated with @entity55 , characterized by macrophage activation, neutrophil recruitment, and cell injury. Many substances contained in cigarette smoke, including reactive @entity26 species (ROS), have been proposed to be responsible for the inflammatory process of @entity1030 . However, this issue remains unsettled. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) we show that @entity8697 and @entity11836 , two @entity11837 , are contained in aqueous @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) at micromolar concentrations and mimic @entity1981 in evoking the release of the neutrophil chemoattractant @entity687 and of the pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine @entity310 from the @entity1 macrophagic cell line U937. In addition, @entity8697 (10-30 microM) released @entity687 also from cultured @entity1 alveolar macrophages and @entity1357 macrophagic cells. @entity11838 (30-100 microM), an endogenous @entity11837 that is abundant in lungs of @entity1 with @entity1030 , stimulated the release of @entity687 from U937 cells, whereas the saturated @entity264 , @entity3094 , was ineffective. @entity1981 -evoked @entity687 release was remarkably (> 80%) inhibited by @entity898 (0.1-3 mM) or @entity11839 (1-3 mM). Both compounds, by forming covalent adducts (Michael adducts), completely removed unsaturated @entity3125 from @entity1981 . Our data demonstrate that alpha,beta-unsaturated @entity3125 are major mediators of cigarette smoke-induced macrophage activation, and suggest that they might contribute to @entity55 associated with cigarette smoke.

title: XXXX in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from @entity1 macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11837 :: ('CHEBI:51718', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde', 'alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation', 'chronic pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11839 :: ('MESH:C042431', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione monoethyl ester']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity11836 :: ('MESH:C012796', 'Chemical') :: ['crotonaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['acrolein']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['cigarette smoke extract', 'CSE']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity11837 :: (CHEBI:51718,Chemical) :: ['Alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare fetal venous Doppler flow reflecting cardiac function in fetuses with @entity4296 between a group of @entity4297 ( @entity998 ) and a @entity417 group (high cardiac output). STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective cross-sectional analysis. It was conducted at the Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Tertiary center, Medical School. The study included fetuses with @entity4296 secondary to cardiac causes (low output group) and @entity417 (high output group). All fetuses underwent ultrasound examination to assess ductus venosus (DV) and umbilical vein (UV) Doppler indices. The results were related to normal reference range and were also compared between the group of high-output and the low-output group. RESULTS: Sixty-nine hydropic fetuses were available for analysis, 50 in the high-output group and 19 in the low-output group. The peak velocity index, preload index, and the pulsatility index of the DV were significantly low in the high-output group, whereas they were significantly high in the low-output group. The umbilical vein pulsations were found in 78.9% of the fetuses with low-output @entity4296 but only 28.0% of fetuses in the high output group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: New insights gained from this study are that hydrops caused by severe @entity417 because of hemoglobin Bart's is not associated with high central venous pressures as is seen in hydropic fetuses with @entity301 . This suggests that @entity299 is not the primary mechanism of hydrops in these anemic fetuses. Additionally, umbilical vein pulsations are not a sign of @entity712 in the anemic group.

title: Venous Doppler studies in low-output and high-output XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac decompensation']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity4296 :: (MESH:D015160,Disease) :: ['hydrops fetalis']


abstract: Percutaneous large bore cannula placement during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for use in venovenous bypass (VVB) has been reported to be a rapid and simple technique. It is, however, a technique that carries its own risks. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of complications related to the placement of a percutaneous @entity1700 and subsequent VVB in OLT. A retrospective review of 360 consecutive adult OLT @entity1 during a period of 18 months (January 1, 2003 to June 30, 2004) was performed. The percutaneous venous cannula (18 Fr) was placed by an attending transplant anesthesiologist. The cannulation was attempted in 326 @entity1 (90.6%). No cannulation was attempted on the subclavian veins. Internal jugular venous cannula placement was attempted but aborted in 6 @entity1 (1.8%) due to technical difficulties. In 320 @entity1 who received an internal jugular venous cannula, 313 (97.8%) underwent OLT without complication. The remaining 7 @entity1 (2.2%) had complications. The operation was delayed for 1 @entity1 due to suspected hemomediastinum. The other 6 complications were related to VVB: air @entity887 (2 @entity1 ), low flow rate (2 @entity1 ), @entity551 (1 @entity1 ), and @entity955 (1 @entity1 ). Successful OLT was eventually carried out in all the 7 @entity1 and no mortality associated with internal jugular venous cannula placement or VVB was noted. In conclusion, percutaneous placement of a large bore @entity1700 for VVB during adult OLT can be performed with acceptable risk using a flexible 18-Fr cannula via the right internal jugular vein (IJV) by experienced attending transplant anesthesiologists.

title: Complications associated with percutaneous placement of XXXX for venovenous bypass in adult orthotopic liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['venous return cannula']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['venous return cannula']


abstract: We aimed to screen for melanogenic agents among 35 botanical compounds. The compounds were first assessed with regard to their effects on @entity22835 activity in B16 cells. At 100  M, 13 compounds showed @entity22835 activity-enhancing effects, ranging from 2.6 to 372.8% activation. Five of them showed more than 50% enhancement and were further tested for their EC(50) values. Compared with @entity9627 , an effective @entity22835 activator with an EC(50) of 7.26  M, 3 compounds exhibited smaller EC(50) values ( @entity15476 , 0.45  M; hyperosid, 0.92  M; and @entity24527 , 1.01  M for enhancing @entity22835 activity). The 3 compounds significantly increased cellular melanin contents without affecting cell proliferation. Compared with @entity9627 (EC(50), 35.94  M for stimulating pigmentation), @entity15476 (EC(50), 17.46  M) and @entity24527 (EC(50), 32.77  M) showed better melanogenic activity, while hyperosid (EC(50), 70.4  M) was less potent. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the 3 compounds could differentially increase the expression levels of @entity24528 . Together these data suggest that @entity15476 and @entity24527 exert potent melanogenic activities through, at least in part, upregulating the protein expression levels of melanogenic enzymes in B16 cells. Thus, further investigations are merited to ascertain their potential application in treating @entity4182 .

title: Flavonoids, XXXX and @entity24527 exert potent melanogenic activities in murine B16 melanoma cells.

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation disorders']

entities_list: @entity9627 :: ('MESH:D008730', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Methoxypsoralen']

entities_list: @entity24528 :: ('22173;22178;13190', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related proteins 1 and 2']

answer: @entity15476 :: (MESH:D047310,Chemical) :: ['apigenin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether, like the paretic arm, movement of the ipsilesional arm after @entity2500 is associated with widespread neural activation changes in areas anatomically and functionally connected to the lesion. METHODS: In this fMRI experiment, seven @entity1 with right MCA @entity64 and seven healthy control subjects performed a series of movements with their (nonparetic) right hand. Subjects either mimicked a visual display (visually guided) or generated the same motor task after a visual start signal (self-monitored). A multivariate linear discriminant analysis was used to determine the combinations of brain regions of interest (ROIs) that demonstrated maximum differences in activation between healthy and @entity64 subjects. The analysis was repeated within subject groups to differentiate self-monitored and visually guided movement. RESULTS: There was a significantly different network of neural regions recruited for movement with the nonparetic, ipsilesional arm in @entity1 with @entity64 vs healthy control subjects. The anterior cingulate cortex was significantly more active when @entity1 execute self-monitored movement than visually guided movement, suggesting changes in attentional processing required for the two tasks. The lesioned hemisphere was significantly more active in @entity1 with @entity64 using the nonparetic arm than in control subjects during visually guided movement. CONCLUSIONS: These results support a model of widespread bihemispheric reorganization in the motor system after a focal right hemisphere lesion. Attentional demands of self-monitored movement may be much greater than visually guided movement in @entity1 , possibly impacting rehabilitation protocols for these @entity1 .

title: New brain networks are active after right MCA XXXX when moving the ipsilesional arm.

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) stroke']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Ninety-one @entity1 with true and dissecting aortic @entity439 were reviewed. They ranged in age from 65 to 87 years (mean 71 years). Forty-eight @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1028 , 21 @entity1 with @entity2334 and 22 @entity1 with dissecting aortic @entity439 . They were divided into 2 categories, surgical group and non-surgical, and the prognoses of the 2 groups were compared. The average age of surgically treated cases was significantly younger than that of non-surgical cases. This study suggests that elective operation should be considered for @entity1028 because of the high risk of late @entity397 . In older @entity1 with @entity2334 , the prognosis was better in surgically treated @entity1 than in those not treated. However, the surgical mortality rate of elective operation was high. The surgical mortality rate of older @entity1 with dissecting aortic @entity439 was not satisfactory, and medical treatment which decreases blood pressure should be considered first. All @entity1 classified as Stanford type A should be operated on if possible.

title: Surgical and medical treatments of true and dissecting aortic XXXX in cases over 65 years old.

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: Fugitive @entity2012 is most commonly caused by pituitary acidophil stem cell @entity652 , and is characterized by a relatively short clinical history, a large and locally invasive @entity5 , and relatively low hormonal activity. Here, we report an unusual case of fugitive @entity2012 that initially presented as invasive @entity2013 . A 48-year-old @entity1 with a huge @entity4611 extending to the suprasellar area was referred to our hospital in December 2007. He had undergone transsphenoidal surgery in November 1999 because of a large invasive @entity2013 . The @entity5 had grown progressively, despite therapy with @entity935 agonists. Subtle features of @entity2012 were noted and serum @entity442 levels were high (733 ng/ml). An oral @entity413 tolerance test revealed that basal and nadir levels of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) were 1.56 and 1 ng/ml, respectively. As a therapeutic trial, long-acting octreotide (20 mg IM, monthly) was added, and the @entity5 size markedly reduced within 6 months on magnetic resonance imaging examination. Immunohistochemical staining of the @entity5 tissue obtained at the surgery in 1999 showed positive staining for @entity2124 and prolactin (PRL). Double immunofluorescence staining showed a mixed positivity for @entity2124 and PRL in the majority of @entity5 cells; however, the two hormones colocalized in a minority of @entity5 cells, indicating that the @entity5 was composed of three different cell types ( @entity2124 , PRL, and @entity2124 /PRL). The diagnosis of fugitive @entity2012 was initially overlooked in this @entity1 because of normal serum @entity2124 levels and a lack of acromegalic features, although histological evidence for @entity2124 production was present. @entity442 determinations would be helpful for the diagnosis of fugitive @entity2012 .

title: A case of fugitive XXXX , initially presented as invasive @entity2013 .

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary mass']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity726 is one of the most important reason causes of the @entity1939 , associated with @entity989 . This process is not fully understood, however apoptosis due to @entity519 is one of the most important processes leading to @entity989 . @entity1781 is characterized by remodeling of the extracellular matrix due to metalloproteinase activation, which leads to loss of RGC and axons at the optic nerve head. The aim of the study was to evaluate metalloproteinase 9 ( @entity1495 ) and tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 ( @entity2843 ) expression in the @entity2479 cells and optic nerve axons in 33 eyes with absolute primary @entity726 . MATERIAL/METHODS: To evaluate @entity1495 and @entity2843 expression primary polyclonal goat antibodies against @entity1495 and @entity2843 were used. The control group was composed of 8 cases of eyes enucleated and fixed in the first day after @entity130 . RESULTS: @entity1495 expression was observed in @entity2479 cells and in the inner nuclear layer of the retina in all the examined cases. In 28 out of 33 @entity735 , @entity1495 expression was observed in the proliferating glial cells surrounding the optic nerve axons. @entity2843 expression was observed in 10 out of 33 @entity735 , only in @entity2479 cells. None of the examined injured eyes showed @entity1495 and @entity2843 expression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1495 activation rather than @entity2843 may by associated with the pathomechanism of @entity989 in @entity726 .

title: Metalloproteinase 9 and @entity2843 expression in retina and optic nerve in absolute angle closure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'absolute glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RGC death', 'retinal ganglion cell and optic nerve damage', 'retinal ganglion cells (RGC) death']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: The @entity137 and frequencies of transformation induced by 5 environmental @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in hamster (M3E3/C3) and @entity35 (WRB K3) lung cells were compared. Both cell strains investigated here retain major metabolic characteristics of the target cells in vivo and are thus able to effectively metabolize, i.e. activate, @entity2556 . Cytotoxic effects of the carcinogen were determined in colony-forming assays and the @entity2556 tested induced dose-dependent cytotoxic responses in the M3E3/C3 and WRB cells. They could then be classified into strong and weak @entity137 . Compared to the hamster cell system, the WRB cells were generally shown to be more sensitive. The transforming capacity of the compounds was determined by a soft agar colony formation assay detecting cells with anchorage independency (AI). All @entity2556 investigated induced transformation to AI growth in both cell systems. The transforming activity of the @entity2556 , relative to @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) as a reference substance, was determined to facilitate their ranking. This order of transforming potency appears to be similar to that observed in animal studies.

title: Comparison of biological effects of different @entity2555 in lung cells of hamster and XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Surface coat material (SCM) has been illustrated in association with the apical surfaces of numerous epithelia during morphogenesis. This study investigates the development of a SCM associated with the invaginating otic placode/vesicle in the @entity1573 . Glycoconjugate containing SCM was retained by the inclusion of @entity4410 ( @entity4411 ) in the fixative, histochemically visualized by using @entity3739 red (RR) staining, and viewed by scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Initial characterization of the glycoconjugates present in this material was elucidated by using lectins conjugated to @entity2822 . Lectins utilized included concanavalin A (Con A), @entity3505 germ agglutinin (WGA), and @entity1460 agglutinin (SBA). Invagination of the otic placode was apparent as early as stage 12. By stage 15 the vesicle was beginning to separate from the surface ectoderm as evidenced by its aperture, which was altered in shape and reduced in size. All embryos fixed with @entity3584 containing either CPC or RR were shown to possess SCM associated with the surface ectoderm, particularly in the area of the otic placode/vesicle. Additional embryos were processed by cryofixation without prior aldehyde fixation; these also exhibited SCM. All lectins labelled the epithelium of the otic placode/vesicle. However, their binding patterns were not identical. The binding of Con A and WGA remained constant over the stages studied, while @entity7902 increased as the otic vesicle developed. The data clearly indicate that otic placode morphogenesis is accompanied by the synthesis of SCM rich in glycoconjugates.

title: Surface coat material associated with the developing otic placode/vesicle in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4410 :: ('MESH:D002594', 'Chemical') :: ['cetylpyridinium chloride']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of @entity172 deprivation and @entity172 replacement on @entity453 . DESIGN: Randomized trials using female @entity5434 as subjects. SETTING: Comparative Medicine Clinical Research Center of an academic medical center. @entity1 : Premenopausal and postmenopausal female @entity5434 fed diets comparable in fat and @entity165 to those consumed by @entity1 beings. INTERVENTIONS: Menopause was induced by ovariectomy; coronary vasomotion was evaluated during coronary angiography. Treatments involved @entity172 and @entity7828 , and @entity453 was evaluated at necropsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Coronary artery @entity731 extent. RESULTS: Premenopausal stress induces @entity2670 and exacerbates @entity453 . Physiologic replacement of ovarian hormones reduces in half the extent of @entity453 of surgically menopausal monkeys. @entity9646 replacement therapy did not enhance regression of established @entity453 . CONCLUSION: @entity172 deprivation exacerbates and @entity172 diminishes @entity453 of female @entity5434 fed atherogenic diets.

title: @entity172 , @entity7828 , and coronary heart disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery atherosclerosis', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) isoforms are important paracrine and autocrine signaling molecules for the regulation of ovarian follicle growth and physiology. Effective communication between the epithelial granulosa cells, the mesenchymal theca cells, and the oocyte is vital for ovarian function and reproductive success. The expression, localization, and regulation of TGF-beta isoforms in the developing @entity291 follicle was examined using both immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) procedures. @entity12574 protein was found to be present in the granulosa cells of early pre-antral, early antral, and 1-2 mm follicles. Interestingly, there was no visible staining of granulosa cells of 3-5 or 5-10 mm follicles. There was also no @entity12574 staining of theca cells. @entity12271 and TGF-beta3 staining were present in the granulosa and theca cells of all follicle stages examined. The levels of TGF-beta mRNA expression in granulosa and theca cells from antral follicles was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. For each isoform mRNA expression levels did not change in different sized antral follicles. TGF-beta3 mRNA levels were much higher than those of @entity12574 and @entity12271 in both granulosa and theca. Expression levels were higher in theca than in granulosa for @entity12271 and TGF-beta3. FSH was found to decrease @entity12574 mRNA expression in granulosa cells, but had no effect on @entity12271 and TGF-beta3. @entity291 ovarian follicles were found to have a unique pattern of TGF-beta isoform expression and regulation when compared to other species (i.e., rodent, @entity1707 , quail, and @entity1 ). The similarities and differences between the various species is discussed to help elucidate common functions of TGF-beta in the ovary. In summary, observations demonstrate that as antral follicles develop, TGF-beta3 is the most abundant TGF-beta isoform and @entity12574 protein levels decline in large follicles. Granulosa cell @entity12574 expression was decreased by FSH and this correlated with reduced levels in large antral follicles. TGF-betas involved in antral follicular growth and development appear to act as paracrine/autocrine signaling molecules having a species-specific pattern of expression.

title: Transforming growth factor-beta isoform expression during XXXX ovarian antral follicle development.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: In acute @entity56 ( @entity56 ), astrocytes in spinal cord tissue @entity1184 and stain intensely with antibody to the @entity40 ( @entity40 ). We attempted to determine if this activation is a result solely of @entity1184 of existing astrocytes or if astrocyte division might also occur. Lewis @entity35 in various stages of acute @entity56 were injected with @entity665 , the spinal cord sections were prepared, immunostained for @entity40 and processed for radioautography. In spinal cords from @entity35 administered thymidine on days 11-15 after sensitization a large number of mononuclear cells showed radioactive label. Many of these labeled cells, most likely monocytes and lymphocytes, were associated with inflammatory lesions, but others were located in the CNS parenchyma at great distances from the lesions. Most cells staining for the @entity40 were hypertrophied with greatly extended cell processes, and the nuclei of some of these cells identified as astrocytes were overlaid with @entity575 grains, indicating uptake of @entity665 . In addition a few ependymal cells appeared to be labeled. No @entity40 -stained cells from the Freund's adjuvant controls contained radioactive label. Similar studies using SJL/J @entity19 with chronic relapsing @entity56 yielded very few labeled inflammatory cells or astrocytes. This study indicates that division takes place in some astrocytes in acute @entity56 , but occurs much less frequently in chronic @entity56 . Probably most of the increase in @entity40 -stained material is a result of @entity1184 of astrocytes rather than of massive cell division.

title: @entity665 labeling of astrocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['experimental allergic encephalomyelitis', 'EAE']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['experimental allergic encephalomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4421 pubis is characterized by diffuse @entity158 , @entity32 , and bony changes in the pubic symphysis. @entity236 in magnetic resonance imaging is associated with stress @entity130 of the pubic bone. HYPOTHESIS: Laparoscopic mesh repair decreases @entity32 and @entity158 . The presence of extensive @entity236 may correlate with the severity of symptoms and may guide the surgical treatment of @entity4421 . STUDY DESIGN: Case control study; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Surgery (n = 8) was performed by placement of totally extraperitoneal endoscopic mesh behind the symphysis. Nonoperative treatment (n = 8) included physical therapy and corticosteroids. Preoperative and postoperative @entity158 was measured by the visual analog scale. Athletes were followed up from 1 to 6 years (mean, 2.7 years). All magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed blindly by 2 radiologists. Twenty asymptomatic ice hockey or soccer players served as controls in magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The @entity1 treated surgically had higher preoperative @entity158 scores than did the @entity1 treated conservatively. Seven of 8 @entity2587 (88%) treated surgically returned to sport activities after 2 months of convalescence. No complications were associated with surgery. In the nonoperative group, 4 @entity1 (50%) still had disabling symptoms after 1 year of follow-up, and they stopped their elite sports during 3 years of follow-up. The presence of @entity236 was distributed in the surgical (100%), nonoperative (88%), and asymptomatic @entity2587 (65%) with no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that the placement of retropubic mesh was an efficient method for the treatment of severe @entity627 in @entity2587 . Abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings were also common in asymptomatic @entity2587 , which decreases the value of magnetic resonance imaging in surgical decision-making.

title: Pubic magnetic resonance imaging findings in surgically and conservatively treated @entity2587 with XXXX compared to asymptomatic @entity2587 during heavy training.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['pubic enthesopathy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain in the pubic periosteum']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['Osteitis', 'osteitis pubis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow edema', 'bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury and osteitis']

answer: @entity4421 :: (MESH:D010000,Disease) :: ['osteitis pubis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity1054 is common in @entity195 ( @entity195 ), limited research has investigated awareness among @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The current study examined cognitive performance differences between @entity73 @entity1 who were aware or unaware of their deficits. METHODS: @entity1 were 65 @entity1 who underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and diagnosed with @entity73 according to @entity195 . @entity1 were divided into groups based on clinician rating of awareness (aware n=30 or unaware n=35), which was determined following interview with the @entity1 and family member. Neuropsychological measures were converted into z-scores based on sample mean and standard deviation and averaged across cognitive domains. Frontal behavioral ratings were also collected. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between awareness groups for age, education, gender, or MMSE score. Individuals rated as unaware performed significantly worse in the learning domain and a trend for worse performance on the @entity303 Rating Scale-II total score than those rated as aware. None of the other cognitive or behavioral domains differed between the groups. Clinician and informant ratings of @entity1054 were only modestly correlated, and we found an unexpected pattern of relationships between informant ratings and cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51 are common in @entity73 @entity1 . Our results argue against the most common etiologic hypotheses in @entity195 (i.e., executive and right hemisphere) and suggest that severity of encoding deficits underlie @entity1054 in @entity73 .

title: Relationship between cognition and XXXX in @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Awareness deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Petersen's criteria", 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['awareness of deficit']


abstract: AIM: Rotavirus and norovirus @entity1681 ( @entity1681 ) are common in @entity1 . Complications, except severe @entity2700 , are rare. Rotavirus was known to cause @entity410 and even @entity1681 @entity75 , but these complications are less described in norovirus infection. The objective of this study is to compare the demographic features, clinical manifestations including the incidence of @entity410 , and the outcomes in @entity1 with rotavirus and norovirus infections. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity1 between age 1 month and 6 years admitted to the paediatric department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong with rotavirus and norovirus infections over a period of 3 years from 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2009. Their demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results and outcomes were compared and analysed. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-two @entity1 with rotavirus and 173 @entity1 with norovirus @entity1681 were admitted within the study period. @entity410 commonly occurred in norovirus infection (8.67% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). @entity1 with @entity6425 had higher temperature and more @entity294 episodes, while more blood-stained stool was noted in the norovirus group. Rotavirus-infected @entity1 stayed longer in hospital. All of them had full recovery without any complication. Among the 18 @entity1 who developed afebrile convulsions, 17 of them had neuroimaging performed, which was normal. Fourteen of them had electroencephalogram (EEG) performed, demonstrating normal or non-specific findings. None of them developed subsequent @entity410 attack after the @entity1681 episode. CONCLUSIONS: Norovirus is more commonly associated with benign convulsion in @entity1681 than rotavirus. We need to identify the presence of virus, in particular norovirus, in @entity1 with @entity1681 and afebrile generalised tonic-clonic @entity410 . Further neuro-investigations may not be necessary once the aetiology is established. Prognosis is excellent in this group of @entity1 and prophylactic anticonvulsant is not needed.

title: Norovirus as cause of benign convulsion associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['afebrile seizure', 'seizure', 'seizures', 'Afebrile seizure']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-enteritis', 'GE']

answer: @entity1681 :: (MESH:D004751,Disease) :: ['gastro-enteritis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Working memory (WM) deficits in @entity1 with @entity161 have mainly been associated with @entity409 . However, the contribution of perceptual @entity51 in sensory areas has not been explored. The present study closes this important gap in our understanding of @entity2414 in @entity161 by monitoring neural activity during WM encoding and retrieval with event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neurophysiological changes that contribute to @entity73 in early-onset @entity161 at perceptual and cognitive stages using the ERP components P1, P3a, P370, and P570 and fMRI data from extrastriate visual areas. DESIGN: We conducted the study between June 1, 2003, and December 20, 2006. Electroencephalographic and fMRI data were acquired separately during a visual delayed discrimination task. @entity1 encoded up to 3 abstract shapes that were presented sequentially for 600 milliseconds each and decided after a 12-second delay whether a probe matched 1 of the sample stimuli. SETTING: Between-group study at an inpatient @entity146 hospital and outpatient @entity146 facilities. @entity1 : Seventeen adolescents with early-onset @entity161 according to DSM-IV criteria and 17 matched controls participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Amplitude of the ERP components P1, P3a, P370, and P570 and the fMRI signal from extrastriate visual areas. RESULTS: The P1 amplitude was reduced in @entity1 during encoding and retrieval. The P1 amplitude increased with WM load during encoding only in controls. In this group, a stronger P1 amplitude increase predicted better WM performance. The P1 reduction was mirrored by reduced activation of visual areas in @entity1 in fMRI. The P370 amplitude during encoding and retrieval was also reduced in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The P1 amplitude reduction indicates an early @entity227 in adolescents with @entity161 . Our findings suggest that P1 is of particular relevance for successful WM encoding. Early @entity227 contribute to impaired WM in @entity161 in addition to deficits in later memory-related processes.

title: Contribution of impaired early-stage visual processing to working @entity2414 in adolescents with XXXX : a study with event-related potentials and functional magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficits', 'visual deficit']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['WM impairment']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['prefrontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits and abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['WM dysfunction']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: AIMS: To assess the results and @entity75 set and surgical technique on long-term success of surgical ablation during mitral surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 population consisted of 685 subjects with persistent and long-standing persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) undergoing cardiac surgery for @entity339 as the primary indication and concomitant ablation between January 2003 and January 2012 at three institutions. One hundred and sixty-six underwent unipolar (24.2%), 371 (54.2%) bipolar, and 148 (21.6%) had combined ablation. Median follow-up was 58.4 months (interquartile range 43.3-67.9). To appropriately account for @entity204 , a competing risk model was employed to identify predictors of cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity955 set and surgical techniques. Eight-year freedom from recurrent @entity943 without antiarrhythmic drugs was 0.60    0.02. Success rate was higher using bipolar radiofrequency (RF) (P < 0.001), after performing mitral isthmus line (P = 0.003) and following the biatrial technique (P < 0.001). Competing risk regression revealed that use of unipolar RF [sub-hazard ratio (SHR) 2.41 (1.52-3.43), P < 0.001], combined unipolar/bipolar ablation [SHR 1.93 (0.89-2.57), P = 0.003] and the absence of right atrial ablation [SHR 2.79 (1.27-3.48), P < 0.001] were predictors of cumulative incidence of long-term recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that the use of bipolar clamp improves long-term results in surgical treatment of @entity955 and that right-sided ablation should be routinely added. Randomized studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

title: Surgical ablation in XXXX undergoing mitral valve surgery: @entity75 set and surgical techniques on long-term success.

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['impact of lesion']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF among lesion', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies indicate incomplete functional recovery of hibernating @entity1562 after coronary artery bypass grafting. We hypothesized that persistent @entity854 after coronary artery bypass grafting are associated with decreased mitochondrial proteins involving electron transport chain that might limit maximal @entity26 consumption. METHODS: Seven @entity1707 with hibernating @entity1562 underwent off-pump revascularization with @entity3538 to mid left anterior descending artery. At 4 weeks, @entity3538 @entity254 was patent by multidetector computed tomography. Regional function (transthoracic echocardiography) and blood flow (microspheres) were assessed at rest and during high-dose @entity452 (40  g/[kg    min]). Expression of electron transport chain proteins was analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification. RESULTS: After revascularization, multidetector computed tomography confirmed severe left anterior descending stenosis and patent @entity3538 graft. Regional function and blood flow normalized at rest; however, function in left anterior descending distribution remained @entity308 relative to remote regions, and myocardial blood flow in that region did not increase normally when challenged with high-work state. Concomitant with reduced maximal blood flow response in left anterior descending region was more than 40% reduction in electron transport chain proteins essential to @entity855 production. CONCLUSIONS: Despite successful revascularization of hibernating @entity1562 , regional function and blood flow remained @entity308 during @entity2922 stress. Electron transport chain proteins known to be downregulated during adaptive process within hibernating @entity1562 did not normalize after revascularization. These data demonstrate a potential bioenergetic cause of persistent dysfunction and @entity712 within successfully revascularized hibernating @entity1562 .

title: Continued @entity308 of maximal @entity26 consumption and mitochondrial proteomic expression despite successful coronary artery bypass grafting in a XXXX model of hibernation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['left internal thoracic artery']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['contractile abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: Notch and Hedgehog activate cell-cycle progression of adult and @entity5 stem cells. Notch is activated by DLL and Jag presents on neighboring cells. We investigated the effects of density of the Notch-activating ligand, @entity127 , and targeting @entity8889 , in activation of division of @entity1311 / @entity1311 -resistant, (PTX Res) @entity43 cells SKOV3 (SKOV3). We used the specific gamma-presenilin inhibitor, DAPT, to identify the specificity of activating signals for @entity125 and created 'butterfly-duplex-3548- @entity8889 -1-inhibitory RNA' (i- @entity8889 -1.RNA) to inhibit cell division. To accurately quantify kinetics of division, the expression of @entity1759 and @entity11707 was determined in each gated population of divided cells. @entity1759 High proliferated when activated by @entity127 Low and poorly when activated by @entity127 High. DAPT inhibited proliferation of cells activated by @entity127 Low, and increased proliferation of cells activated by @entity127 High. Only 5-10% of cells activated by @entity127 High and @entity127 Low divided fast, polynomial, and symmetric. i- @entity8889 -1.RNA eliminated more than 50% of the small @entity1759 High/ @entity11707 Neg cells in divisions 3 and 4. This effect appeared specific compared with cells transfected with negative control siRNA. i- @entity8889 -1.RNA had no effect on large @entity1759 High/ @entity11707 Neg cells, but inhibited the population of @entity1759 High/ @entity11707 Low cells. Expansion of @entity1759 High inversely correlated with @entity127 density on activating @entity5 and @entity1492 cells. Created i-RNAs may decrease the resting CSC pool. Notch and @entity8889 signals play an important role in proliferation/division and survival of @entity5 stem cells. Targeting @entity125 through its enhancer Gl-1, should be significant for novel treatments to eliminate @entity1311 -resistant @entity5 stem cells (CSC). i. @entity8889 RNA should be more effective if used together with @entity1311 .

title: Created @entity8889 duplex short-RNA (i- @entity8889 -RNA) eliminates @entity1759 Hi progenitors of XXXX -resistant @entity43 cells.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['autologous tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'taxol', 'Taxol']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['taxol']


abstract: Major negative side-effects reported for mood-stabilizing and antidepressant drugs in @entity1 are excess @entity1017 and @entity1735 craving. The aim of the present study was to establish whether the @entity35 could usefully be employed in investigation of these phenomena. Three experiments investigated the effects of chronic @entity1091 (40 mg/kg @entity4113 ), @entity3659 (2.5 mg/kg), @entity5079 (2.5 mg/kg) and saline administration (15-20 days, one subcutaneous injection/day) on body weight, food intake and fluid intake. Water and food cubes were provided in all experiments. Additionally available, as separate fluid sources, in Experiment 2 were 24% @entity969 and 0.6% @entity8021 and in Experiment 3, 0.6% @entity8021 . Blood was collected for plasma @entity413 and insulin determinations 20-24 hours after the final injections. @entity1091 administration resulted in a marked @entity1017 but only if both @entity969 and @entity8021 were available (Experiment 2). @entity8021 intake was increased with @entity1091 treatment as was total caloric intake with @entity969 available. @entity3659 induced a sweetness craving; however, @entity1017 was somewhat depressed with just cubes available (Experiment 1) and only normalised by the additional availability of @entity969 and @entity8021 (Experiment 2). With @entity3659 , total caloric intake was never different from controls. Weight gain was slightly suppressed and caloric intake slightly elevated by @entity5079 but importantly the two effects combined for a decrease in metabolic efficiency which was particularly exaggerated under the condition of @entity1735 availability (Experiment 2). @entity1091 and @entity3659 both produced @entity3190 with normoglycemia whether or not the rate of @entity1017 was changed and whether or not intake was increased. @entity2819 levels were elevated by all drug treatments in Experiment 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of chronic @entity1091 , @entity3659 and @entity5079 on glucoregulation, XXXX and energy balance in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline', 'amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity5079 :: ('MESH:D008803', 'Chemical') :: ['mianserin']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin', 'Saccharin']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['increase in weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relevance of the remodeling pattern in the model of @entity35 exposed to cigarette smoke is not known. OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the presence of different remodeling patterns in this model and its relation with the ventricular function. METHODS: Smoking @entity35 (n=47) have been divided according to the geometry pattern, analyzed by echocardiogram: normal (normal mass index and normal relative wall thickness), concentric remodeling (normal mass index and increased relative wall thickness), @entity1184 (increased mass index and increased relative wall thickness) and @entity1184 (increased mass index and normal relative wall thickness). RESULTS: Smoking @entity35 presented one of the following geometry patterns: normal pattern, 51%; @entity1184 ; 32%; @entity1184 , 13% and concentric remodeling, 4%. The normal and @entity1184 groups presented smaller ejection fraction values and fractional shortening than the @entity1184 group. Thirteen animals (28%) presented @entity299 detected by the ejection fraction and by fractional shortening. In the single regression analysis, geometry patterns and mass index could not predict @entity67 (p<). On the other hand, the increased relative thickness of the wall could predict @entity67 in the single regression analysis (p<0.001) and in the multiple regression analysis after adjustment to the mass index (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: @entity35 exposed to cigarette smoke presented one of the four different remodeling patterns. Among the geometric variables analyzed, only the increased relative thickness of the left ventricle wall could predict @entity67 in this model.

title: [Remodeling pattern and ventricular function in XXXX exposed to cigarette smoke].

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['eccentric hypertrophy', 'concentric hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Changes in nanoparticle size and shape due to particle-particle interactions (i.e., aggregation or agglomeration) may significantly alter particle mobility and retention in porous media. To date, however, few modeling studies have considered the coupling of transport and particle aggregation processes. The majority of particle transport models employ an Eulerian modeling framework and are, consequently, limited in the types of collisions and aggregate sizes that can be considered. In this work, a more general Lagrangian modeling framework is developed and implemented to explore coupled @entity1423 and transport processes. The model was verified through comparison of model simulations to published results of an experimental and Eulerian modeling study (Raychoudhury et al., 2012) of @entity5070 cellulose (CMC)-modified nano-sized zero-valent @entity68 particle (nZVI) transport and retention in water-saturated sand columns. A model sensitivity analysis reveals the influence of influent particle concentration (ca. 70 to 700mg/L), primary particle size (10-100nm) and pore water velocity (ca. 1-6m/day) on particle-particle, and, consequently, particle-collector interactions. Model simulations demonstrate that, when environmental conditions promote particle-particle interactions, neglecting aggregation effects can lead to under- or over-estimation of @entity6679 . Results also suggest that the extent to which higher order particle-particle collisions influence aggregation kinetics will increase with the fraction of primary particles. This work demonstrates the potential importance of time-dependent aggregation processes on @entity6679 and provides a numerical model capable of capturing/describing these interactions in water-saturated porous media.

title: Modeling coupled XXXX and transport in porous media: A Lagrangian approach.

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['nanoparticle mobility']

entities_list: @entity5070 :: ('CHEBI:41402', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxymethyl']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['nanoparticle aggregation']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['nanoparticle aggregation']


abstract: The effects of endurance training and season on the function of the anterior pituitary-thyroid axis were studied in 18 female runners and their 12 controls, and in 13 joggers and their 11 controls in Northern Finland, with a large seasonal difference in environmental factors. The serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), @entity1955 (T4), free @entity1955 (fT4), @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 binding globulin ( @entity3939 ) and @entity53 (E2) were measured during one menstrual cycle in the light training season (autumn) and in the hard training season (spring). The responses of TSH to intravenous @entity1218 stimulation were also measured in the luteal phase of the cycle during the hard training season. Endurance running did not affect the basal or @entity1218 -stimulated serum TSH concentrations, while those of T4 and fT4 in runners were lowered in both seasons and that of T3 in the light training season in relation to control subjects. The serum concentrations of @entity3939 were also significantly lower in runners than their controls in the luteal phase in both seasons. The effect of jogging on thyroid hormones was less pronounced. Serum concentrations of TSH, T4, fT4, T3 and @entity3939 were generally slightly higher in spring than in autumn. Strenuous endurance training seems to have minor changes on the function of the thyroid gland. Depressed T4 levels in runners may rather be due to lowered @entity3939 levels than due to direct effect of training. In spring the function of anterior pituitary-thyroid axis is more active than in autumn.

title: Serum concentrations of thyrotropin, @entity1955 , @entity1954 and XXXX binding globulin in female endurance runners and joggers.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the behavioral features and to investigate the neuroanatomic correlates of @entity146 in anatomically defined temporal and frontal variants of @entity4943 (tvFTD and fvFTD). METHODS: Volumetric measurements of the frontal, anterior temporal, ventromedial frontal cortical (VMFC), and amygdala regions were made in 51 @entity1 with @entity4943 and 20 normal control subjects, as well as 22 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) who were used as @entity303 controls. @entity4943 @entity1 were classified as fvFTD or tvFTD based on the relative degree of frontal and anterior temporal @entity393 compared with controls. Behavioral symptoms, cerebral volumes, and the relationship between them were examined across groups. RESULTS: Both variants of @entity4943 showed significant increases in rates of elation, disinhibition, and aberrant motor behavior compared with @entity195 . The fvFTD group also showed more @entity148 , apathy, and @entity1277 , and tvFTD showed a higher prevalence of @entity25 than @entity195 . The only behaviors that differed significantly between fvFTD and tvFTD were apathy, greater in fvFTD, and @entity25 , more frequent in tvFTD. FvFTD was associated with greater frontal @entity194 and tvFTD was associated with more temporal and amygdala @entity194 compared with @entity195 , but both groups showed significant @entity194 in the VMFC compared with @entity195 , which was not associated with VMFC @entity194 . In @entity4943 , the presence of many of the @entity146 was associated with decreased volume in right-hemispheric regions. CONCLUSION: FvFTD and tvFTD show many similarities in behavior, which appear to be associated with damage to right frontal and temporal structures.

title: @entity146 in the frontal and temporal variants of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders', 'behavioral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity4943 :: (MESH:D057180,Disease) :: ['frontotemporal dementia']


abstract: The present study was performed to investigate the effects of the antiallergic drug tranilast on the development of @entity2316 in @entity3839 (50 mg/kg)-induced @entity6 spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). @entity6 SHR were given standard chow or chow containing tranilast at a dose of 1400 mg/kg for 24 weeks. The effects of tranilast on urinary albumin excretion, mesangial expansion, expression of transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) and type I collagen mRNAs, number of anionic sites on the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and urinary @entity1810 and @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) excretion were assessed. Tranilast did not affect the blood @entity413 concentration or blood pressure in @entity6 SHR. Urinary albumin excretion rate and @entity1011 clearance were markedly increased in @entity6 SHR. Tranilast treatment decreased @entity633 and hyperfiltration. Tranilast inhibited the @entity6 -induced expansion of mesangial and tuft areas, as well as the increase in urinary @entity1810 and @entity7599 excretion, loss of anionic sites of GBM, and overexpression of @entity1810 as determined immunohistochemically. The levels of @entity1810 and type I collagen mRNA expression were increased in the renal cortex in untreated @entity6 SHR at 24 weeks, as determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Tranilast treatment inhibited the up-regulation of @entity1810 and type I collagen mRNA expression by 65 and 36%, respectively, in @entity6 SHR. In conclusion, tranilast decreased @entity633 by suppressing glomerular hyperfiltration, mesangial expansion, and loss of the charge barrier via regulation of extracellular matrix gene expression and oxidative stress. Tranilast may be clinically useful in the treatment of @entity2316 .

title: Tranilast prevents the progression of experimental XXXX through suppression of enhanced extracellular matrix gene expression.

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', "8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with @entity2477 of the liver were treated by surgical resection from 1982 to 1991. There were three male and nine female @entity1 . Their ages ranged from 31 to 62 with a mean of 49. All except one with @entity1085 had @entity490 . Preoperatively, dynamic computerized tomographic scans performed on three @entity1 produced accurate diagnoses, while angiography was correct in only 2 out of 7 @entity1 . The indications for operation were suspected @entity157 in five, symptomatic @entity158 in three, intraperitoneal @entity548 resulting from biopsy in one, intrahepatic stone with suspicion of @entity10923 in one, abdominal mass mimicking a @entity356 in one and incidental laparotomy in a final @entity1 . Surgical treatment resulted in no operative mortalities apart from one delayed @entity204 from cirrhotic decompensation occurring four months postoperatively. Morbidity included one @entity1 with a @entity86 and one with bile leakage, however, both of them were discharged uneventfully. During the follow up period from 6 to 72 months, no more @entity490 attacked in those three @entity1 with preoperative symptomatic @entity158 . Three @entity1 developed multiple recurrent @entity2695 . No identifiable causes were readily apparent. We conclude that the preoperative differentiation between @entity2695 and @entity157 in a @entity99 is very important. When necessary, such as a giant symptomatic @entity409 can be safely resected without significant complications.

title: Resectional therapy for a giant cavernous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder polyp']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity10923 :: ('MESH:D002759', 'Disease') :: ['cholangioma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['hemangioma of the liver']


abstract: Modern clinical applications of cytometry include the determination of the most powerful antileukemic drugs in each @entity1 at the time of diagnosis and the monitoring of @entity66 during and off treatment. The precision of in vitro assays to test the susceptibility of @entity5 cells to cytotoxic drugs depends on the ability to maintain the cells' viability in culture. We found that bone marrow-derived allogeneic stromal cells are critical to prevent @entity204 by apoptosis of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cells. Thus, we devised an in vitro drug sensitivity assay in which @entity981 cells are seeded onto stromal cells and viable @entity1778 cells are counted at the end of cultures by flow cytometry. Our preliminary results indicate that this assay is suitable for evaluating the drug sensitivity of @entity981 and testing the antileukemic activity of potentially effective compounds which have not yet been administered to @entity1 with @entity981 . The identification of immunophenotypes expressed on @entity1778 cells but absent or extremely rare among normal hematopoietic progenitors allows close monitoring of the effects of drug treatment in vivo. Phenotypes that afford a detection level of 1 @entity1778 cell among 10,000 normal bone marrow cells have been identified in 90% of cases of @entity981 , 25% of B-lineage @entity981 , and 40% of @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). In several studies, @entity66 emerging during continuation therapy or off treatment almost invariably anticipated overt relapse by 1-7 months. These data indicate the reliability of immunologic techniques to @entity1778 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Applications of cytometry to study @entity3052 : in vitro determination of drug sensitivity and detection of minimal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'ALL', 'leukemic lymphoblasts', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['detect occult leukemia', 'leukemic']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['residual disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary objective was to study the antitumor activity of prolonged subcutaneous dosing of systemic 852A, a @entity6438 agonist ( @entity6438 ), in recurrent @entity5344 . Secondary objectives included assessment of safety and immune system activation. METHODS: Adults with recurrent @entity5344 failing multiple therapies received 0.6 mg/m(2) of 852A subcutaneously twice weekly for 12 weeks. Doses increased by 0.2 mg/m(2)/week to a maximum of 1.2 mg/m(2). Serum was collected to assess immune activation. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 enrolled: 10 ovarian, 2 cervix and 3 breast. Three completed all 24 injections. There were two grade 2 (decreased ejection fractions), nine grade 3 (1 cardiovascular, 1 @entity448 , 3 dehydration, 2 infections, 2 renal) and two grade 4 (hepatic and troponin elevation) unanticipated @entity137 . Cardiac @entity137 included three @entity296 (2 asymptomatic) and one stress-related non-ST elevated @entity583 . Five @entity1 discontinued therapy due to possibly associated side effects. One who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) following 24 doses received 17 additional doses. A cervix @entity1 with @entity66 following 24 doses received chemotherapy after progressing 3 months later, and remains disease free at 18 months. Immune activation, as evidenced by increased @entity371 and @entity1193 , was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this first @entity1 experience of a @entity6438 agonist delivered subcutaneously using a prolonged dosing schedule, 852A demonstrated sustained tolerability in some @entity1 . Clinical benefit was modest, but immune activation was seen suggesting further study of antitumor applications is warranted. Because of @entity1370 ; 852A should be used cautiously in heavily pretreated @entity1 .

title: XXXX agonist administered subcutaneously in a prolonged dosing schedule in heavily pretreated recurrent @entity5344 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast, ovarian or cervix cancer', 'breast, ovarian and cervix cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity6438 :: (51284,Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor-7']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and safety of a minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of @entity14 in comparison with the conventional laparotomy. METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity1 underwent radical resection for @entity5 with minilaparotomy during April 2001 to December 2002. The minilaparotomy involved complete resection and a skin incision 2 cm above the link line of left anterior superior iliac spine to pubic symphysis and was about 7-10 cm in length. Another 86 @entity1 who served as control group underwent a similar resection with a conventional laparotomy during the same period. RESULT: The minilaparotomy approach was successful in all 78 @entity1 . The general status of @entity1 , operative types and histopathological features of @entity5 were similar in the two groups (P>0.05). Operative @entity190 in control group was greater (P<0.001), whereas incision length in minilaparotomy group was significantly shorter than that in conventional laparotomy (9.38 cm compared with 17.32 cm). The operative time, analgesia requirement, first passing flatus,first oral fluids and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the minilaparotomy group (P<0. 001). In an average 25.4-month follow-up, there were no @entity5 recurrences in the minilaparotomy group. CONCLUSION: A minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of @entity5 may be an ideal alternative approach to conventional laparotomy.

title: [Minilaparotomy approach for curative resection of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: A 268-base pair 5' distal fragment, SX2, which mediates basal level and inducer-dependent activation of the @entity19 @entity10183 gene, contains two @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) binding sites (Alam, J., and Zhining, D. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21894-21900). Mutation of both @entity9829 binding elements diminishes (by 50-70%), but does not abolish, the enhancer activity of SX2 in transient expression assays, suggesting that other sequences contribute to enhancer function. Directly upstream of the @entity9829 binding sites are two copies of a sequence motif, TGAGGAAAT, which resemble elements found in cellular and viral genes that are known to interact with the @entity16509 ( @entity16509 ) family of transcription factors. These SX2 sequences bind specifically to liver-enriched, heat-stable nuclear proteins and confer @entity16509 -dependent transactivation of the heterologous @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Site-directed mutagenesis of these 9-base pair elements abolishes protein binding and transactivation, establishing these sequences as functional @entity16509 binding sites. Stably transfected SX2/CAT fusion genes are induced between 37- and 44-fold in @entity19 @entity157 , Hepa, cells and between 52- and 111-fold in @entity19 fibroblast L929 cells in response to @entity10278 treatment. Subfragments of SX2 lacking the @entity9829 binding elements do not mediate @entity3409 -dependent activation of the CAT gene, whereas subfragments containing the @entity9829 binding elements, but lacking the @entity16509 binding sites, exhibit only partial transcriptional activity. Site-directed mutagenesis of one or more of the @entity16509 and @entity9829 binding sites indicates that each of these elements is required for optimal activity of the SX2 enhancer fragment. The @entity9829 binding elements, however, appear to be more important for induction as constructs containing multiple copies of either of the @entity9829 binding elements, but not the @entity16509 binding sequences, are readily activated by @entity10278 . Treatment of Hepa cells with @entity3409 or @entity1446 does not alter the nuclear concentration of @entity9829 or @entity16509 binding activity.

title: Multiple elements within the 5' distal enhancer of the XXXX @entity10183 gene mediate induction by heavy metals.

entities_list: @entity16509 :: ('12606(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein', 'C/EBP alpha', 'C/EBP']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared efficacy of and @entity158 felt after biphasic truncated exponential (BTE) and @entity24138 ( @entity24138 ) shocks in @entity1 undergoing external cardioversion of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: @entity1 with @entity955 were randomized to BTE or @entity24138 waveform cardioversion. Successive shocks were delivered at 70, 100, 200, and 360 J until successful cardioversion, with one 360 J attempt of the alternate waveform when all 4 shocks failed. Success was determined by blinded over-read of electrocardiograms. Peak current was calculated from energy and impedance. @entity1 rated their @entity158 at 1 and 24 hours after cardioversion. RESULTS: Fourteen of 37 (38%) @entity1 treated with @entity24138 and 34 of 35 (97%) treated with BTE shocks were cardioverted at < or =200 J (P <.0001). Success rates of @entity24138 versus BTE shocks were 5.4% versus 60% for 70 J, 19% versus 80% for < or =100 J, and 86% versus 97% for < or =360 J. BTE shocks cardioverted with less peak current (14.0 +/- 4.3 vs 39.5 +/- 11.2 A, P <.0001), less energy (97 +/- 47 vs 278 +/- 120 J, P <.0001), and less cumulative energy (146 +/- 116 vs 546 +/- 265 J, P <.0001). @entity1 felt @entity158 after BTE than @entity24138 shocks at 1 hour (P <.0001) and 24 hours (P <.0001) after cardioversion. CONCLUSION: This BTE waveform is superior to the @entity24138 waveform for cardioversion of @entity955 , requiring much less energy and current, and causing less @entity158 .

title: A randomized trial comparing monophasic and biphasic waveform shocks for external cardioversion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity24138 :: ('MESH:D031368', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'monophasic damped sine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'postprocedural pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Substantial progress has been made in the treatment of @entity5 in the @entity1 's Republic of China in recent years. The goal of this study was to identify the extent to which national treatment guidelines are being used to customize @entity1 care in @entity2 and to analyze the reasons for treatment disparities. METHODS: @entity1 characteristics and treatments were investigated retrospectively for the period from October 2004 to January 2013 using the outpatient database of the Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute (GLCI) in China. RESULTS: A total of 2,535 outpatients with @entity2 were studied in this retrospective analysis. The treatment disparity was 45.3%. Overall, 20.6% of @entity1 with stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) were overtreated, and 20.1% of stage II @entity1 were undertreated. Only 19.6% of stage IIIA @entity1 and 30.7% of stage IIIB @entity1 underwent the recommended combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, respectively. For advanced @entity1149 , the greatest treatment disparity appeared in the second-line setting and beyond. @entity1 who were positive for @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and receiving @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors experienced significant prolongation of survival compared with @entity1 who were @entity470 negative or whose @entity470 mutation status was unknown (hazard ratio: 0.79; p = .037). The treatment disparities were significantly larger among @entity1 aged younger than 65 years and in @entity1 from developing regions compared with @entity1 aged 65 years and older and from developed regions, respectively (p < .001, p = .046). The difference in treatment disparity was statistically significant between GLCI and other hospitals (p < .001). CONCLUSION: This retrospective study of a large number of @entity1 from an outpatient oncology database demonstrated large disparities in the treatment of @entity2 in China. It is important to develop a new guideline for recommendations that are based on resource classification.

title: XXXX treatment disparities in china: a question in need of an answer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: We report a 23-year-old @entity1 , presenting with @entity735 . The ophthalmologic examination was normal, except a 3-mm @entity9577 measured using the Hertel's exophthalmometer and an intermittent proptosis observed through the Valsalva maneuver. Orbital imaging tests disclosed a @entity455 . A carotis arteriography was performed, and it revealed a @entity5 with vascular elements presumed to be orbital varix. Ultrasound Doppler examination showed a nonechogenic lesion with an increasing volume during Valsalva. Based on these findings, the @entity5 was diagnosed as orbital varix. We decided to manage the @entity1 conservatively, in the absence of complications such as proptosis with corneal exposure, @entity2850 , or esthetically unacceptable appearance. Orbital varix is a @entity455 , accounting for 2 % of @entity5 . It generally presents with an intermittent @entity548 . The development of @entity9577 associated with varices, such as reported in our case, is rare.

title: [Orbital varix presenting with XXXX . A case report].

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['retroocular vascular lesion', 'vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos or orbital hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity9577 :: ('MESH:D015841', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['enophthalmos in the left eye']

answer: @entity9577 :: (MESH:D015841,Disease) :: ['enophthalmos']