abstract: MicroRNAs, as a kind of negative gene regulators, were demonstrated to be involved in many types of diseases. In this study, we found that @entity2533 could induce the expression of miR-181a and miR-181b, and miR-181b increased in the much higher folds than miR-181a. Because of the important role of @entity2533 in HSC activation and liver @entity82 , we investigate the effect of miR-181a and miR-181b on HSC proliferation. The results showed that miR-181b could promote HSC-T6 cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle. Further study showed @entity5438 , the cell cycle regulator, was the direct target of miR-181b in HSC-T6 cell. But miR-181a had no effects on HSC-T6 cell proliferation and cell cycle, and did not target @entity5438 . Interestingly, miR-181b is elevated significantly in serum of liver @entity82 cases comparing to that of normal @entity1 , whereas miR-181a expression was in the similar level with that of normal @entity1 . These results suggested that miR-181b could be induced by @entity2533 and promote the growth of HSCs by directly targeting @entity5438 . The elevation of miR-181b in serum suggested that it may be potential diagnostic biomarkers for @entity82 . As for miR-181a, it may work in @entity2533 pathway by a currently unknown mechanism.

title: miR-181b promotes hepatic stellate cells proliferation by targeting @entity5438 and is elevated in the serum of @entity82 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-beta 1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of the present study was to design @entity33982 (FF) sustained release (SR) pellets using of @entity291 ghee (CG) as an important hot-melt coating (HMC) agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pellets were coated by HMC technique using CG and @entity22041 cellulose composition by conventional coating pan without the use of spray system. FF formulated as pellets and characterized with regard to the drug content and physico-chemical properties. Stability studies were carried out on the optimized formulation for a period of 6 months at 40    2  C and 75    5% relative humidity. RESULTS: Pellets with good surface morphology and smooth texture confirmed by stereo micrographs. HMC is easy, efficient, rapid and simple method since virtually no agglomeration seen during coating. In-vitro release from pellets at a given level of coating and for present pellet size was dependent upon the physico-chemical property of the drug and mostly aqueous solubility of the drug. The selection of optimized FF formulation was confirmed by comparing percent cumulative drug release with theoretical release profile. Formulation F2 had difference factor (f 1) and similarity factor ( @entity9900 ) values was found to be 5 and 66 respectively. F2 showed SR of drug for 8 h with cumulative per cent release of 98.03    4.49%. Release kinetics indicates approximately zero order release pattern. HMC pellets were stable during the course of stability study. CONCLUSIONS: By means of HMC using CG and @entity22041 cellulose, SR pellets containing FF were successfully prepared.

title: Design of sustained release pellets of XXXX using @entity291 ghee as hot-melt coating agent.

entities_list: @entity33982 :: ('MESH:C031621', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrous fumarate']

answer: @entity33982 :: (MESH:C031621,Chemical) :: ['ferrous fumarate']


abstract: A specific membrane receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein ( @entity30571 ) is expressed in the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). When chemically cross-linking @entity30571 to @entity989 membranes, an 86-kDa @entity30571 . @entity30571 receptor complex is formed, and a 63-kDa protein was identified as the @entity30571 -binding membrane protein (B  vik, C.-O., Eriksson, U., Allen, R., and Peterson, P. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 14978-14985). To explore in more detail the characteristics of this membrane receptor, we have generated a monoclonal antibody, A52, to the 63-kDa protein (p63). A52 binds the 86-kDa @entity30571 . @entity30571 receptor complex and p63. Several lines of evidence suggest that p63 is not a regular integral membrane protein, and it occurs in different forms. One form is firmly attached to membranes, is part of a high molecular weight complex, and is able to bind @entity30571 . The other form of p63 can be removed from membranes by treatment with an alkaline buffer and is unable to bind @entity30571 . Both forms of p63 contain extensive hydrophobic domains and are found in the detergent phase upon extraction with Triton X-114. The expression of p63 is restricted to @entity989 , and immunohistochemical localization of tissue sections from @entity291 retina showed highest expression in the basolateral portion of @entity989 cells. Immunofluorescence localization, using isolated @entity989 cells, showed that p63 is exposed on the cell surface of newly isolated @entity989 cells.

title: Characterization of a plasma retinol-binding protein membrane receptor expressed in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RPE', 'retinal pigment epithelium']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal pigment epithelium']


abstract: Remarkable proportions of individuals diagnosed with @entity308 ( @entity308 ) have comorbid metabolic disturbances (i.e., @entity28 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity101 , @entity2299 ), and vice versa. Accumulating evidence suggests that common pathophysiologic pathways such as a chronic, low-grade, proinflammatory state mediate this frequent co-occurrence. However, it remains unclear what traits precede the onset and increase the risk for these pathologic states. The aim of our review was to evaluate the evidentiary base supporting the hypothesis that the increased hazard for @entity209 in @entity308 subpopulations (and vice versa) is mediated in part by endophenotypic variations in @entity25 . We conducted a PubMed search of all English-language literature with the following search terms: @entity25 , circadian rhythm, @entity32 , @entity209 , @entity28 , @entity308 , @entity1316 , prodrome, @entity6 , cytokine, interleukin, @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity1007 . Longitudinal and meta-analysis data indicate that specific variations in @entity25 (i.e., decreased @entity25 [ @entity25 ], increased rapid eye movement [REM] density) precede the onset of depressive symptomatology for a subpopulation of individuals. The same @entity25 variations also are associated with @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity101 . Decreased @entity25 and increased REM density is correlated with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., @entity650 , @entity5 @entity39 factor, etc.). This proinflammatory state has been independently shown to be associated with @entity308 and metabolic disturbances. Taken together, our review suggests that @entity25 variation of increased REM density and decreased @entity25 may be an endophenotypic trait, which serves to identify a subpopulation at increased risk for @entity308 and metabolic disturbances. Future research is needed to discern the predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of using @entity25 variation as a biomarker for @entity308 and metabolic disturbances. Validation of this marker would have broad clinical implications, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary preventative health strategies.

title: Sleep architecture variation: a mediator of XXXX in individuals with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'depressive symptoms', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbance', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['slow-wave sleep', 'SWS', 'sleep architecture', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disturbance']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effects of stress @entity1066 (SUP) versus placebo or no prophylaxis on all-cause mortality, @entity360 and @entity55 in adult @entity3124 @entity1 in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We performed a systematic review using meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis ( @entity10319 ). Eligible trials were randomised clinical trials comparing proton pump inhibitors or @entity112 2 receptor antagonists with either placebo or no prophylaxis. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion and extracted data. The Cochrane Collaboration methodology was used. Risk ratios/relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. The predefined outcome measures were all-cause mortality, @entity360 , and @entity55 . RESULTS: Twenty trials (n = 1,971) were included; all were judged as having a high risk of bias. There was no statistically significant difference in mortality (fixed effect: RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.84-1.20; P = 0.87; I(2) = 0%) or @entity55 (random effects: RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.86-1.78; P = 0.28; I(2) = 19%) between SUP @entity1 and the no prophylaxis/placebo @entity1 . These findings were confirmed in the @entity10319 . With respect to @entity360 , a statistically significant difference was found in the conventional meta-analysis (random effects: RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.68; P = 0.01; I(2) = 48%); however, @entity10319 ( @entity10319 adjusted 95% CI 0.18-1.11) and subgroup analyses could not confirm this finding. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review using meta-analysis and @entity10319 demonstrated that both the quality and the quantity of evidence supporting the use of SUP in adult ICU @entity1 is low. Consequently, large randomised clinical trials are warranted.

title: Stress @entity1066 versus placebo or no prophylaxis in @entity3124 XXXX . A systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['hospital-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The medical response to radiation--whether the result of radiological warfare, terrorist deployment of improvised radiation dispersal weapons, political assassination, occupational or industrial accidents or the medically radiated @entity1 remains one of the least taught among all disciplines within medical education. In the aftermath of 9/11 among medical vulnerabilities to toxicant threats, of all the categories of @entity3928 ( @entity3928 )--whether using the CBRNE (chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, explosive) or NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical) acronym--radiation is the least taught in professional schools, responder cultures or civil preparedness organizations. To date, few @entity283 ( @entity283 ) possess the fundamental knowledge or skills to identify and diagnose, let alone treat a radiation victim; this vulnerability made even more obvious in the aftermath of the high profile assassination of former Russian agent Alexander Litvinenko. He was poisoned with @entity32881 . Radioactive substances are ubiquitous with radiation sources being in or transported through virtually every region nationwide. It is essential to increase preparedness among community and rural health care facilities as well as urban and university hospitals. Managing radiation injuries effectively requires access to specialized equipment and expertise. @entity1161 is progressive and may require acute, critical and long-term care throughout the course of @entity221 . Regardless of the source, preparedness rests upon acknowledging a threat exists and dedicating the resources to address the risks including the enhancement of training and equipment. Mass or individual exposures to radiation present unique challenges to the entire response continuum from law enforcement, first responders and emergency medical care. Increased education about and practice in responding to radiological threats is essential to enhance preparedness.

title: Death by XXXX : lessons learned from the murder of former Soviet spy Alexander Litvinenko.

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care professionals', 'HCP']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['Radiation sickness']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weapons of mass destruction']

answer: @entity32881 :: (CHEBI:37340,Chemical) :: ['polonium-210']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We studied the risk of @entity0 in a cohort of 11,231 Swedish @entity1 prescribed different replacement hormone regimens. METHODS: All 10,472 @entity1 at risk of developing @entity0 and 8,438 @entity1 at risk of @entity1204 were followed up from the time of the questionnaire in 1987-88 through 1993, by record-linkages to the National Swedish @entity5 Registry. Using data from a questionnaire we analyzed the relationships between hormone exposures and @entity5 risk, with non-compliers and users of less than 1 year as a reference group. RESULTS: For @entity0 , @entity1 reporting use of @entity172 combined with progestins had evidence of an increased risk relative to @entity1 denying intake or taking hormones for less than 1 year; relative risk (RR) = 1.4 (95% confidence interval 0.9-2.3) after 1-6 years of intake, and RR = 1.7 (95% CI 1.1-2.6) after more than 6 years. This excess risk seemed confined to recent exposure. We found no association with intake of @entity172 alone using non-compliers and short-term takers as the reference group. The risk of invasive @entity1204 was increased four-fold in @entity1 using medium-potency @entity172 alone for 6 years or longer, RR = 4.2 (95% CI 2.5-8.4). @entity1 on such long-term @entity1871 -combined treatment had a lower, non-significant, excess risk (RR = 1.4; 95% CI 0.6-3.3). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that long-term recent use of @entity172 - @entity1871 combined replacement therapy may increase the risk of @entity0 . Exposure to @entity172 alone substantially elevates the risk of @entity1204 , an increase that can be reduced or perhaps avoided by adding @entity7828 .

title: Risks of XXXX after @entity172 and @entity172 - @entity1871 replacement.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and endometrial cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Severe @entity85 is a complex morphological deformation that occurs and develops in three-dimensional space combined with abnormal development and morphology of anatomical structures, which presents great difficulties in the process of transpedicular screw placement. This study tried to explore the methods of transpedicular screw placement in surgical correction of severe @entity85 . METHODS: Surgical corrections through posterior approach were performed in all the 76 cases (mean age 20.4 years). The averaging preoperative Cobb's angle of @entity1635 was 108.2      33.6   (range 100  -170  ). Among these @entity1 , 34 cases were combined with @entity1513 ; the average Cobb's angle of @entity1513 was 77.3   (range 63  -160  ). During operation, the screw tract was first established with the regular free-hand pedicle screw placement method. When this failed, in order to adjust the screw trajectory, a five-step remedial method was performed in the following order: (1) the"funnel" method; (2) exploring the pedicle exterior edge through the costotransverse joint; (3) exploring the superior and inferior edges of pedicle through the nerve root canal; (4) the vertebral plate fenestration; and (5) hemilaminectomy. RESULTS: Among all 1,472 screws planned to be placed for the @entity1 , 1,210 (82.2 %) were successfully placed after using the regular method, and 262 (17.8 %) failed in this stage. After applying the five-step remedial method, 256 of the failed 262 screws were successfully placed. Among them, 176 screws (68.8 %) were successfully placed after Step 1, 44 (17.2 %) after Step 2, 21 (8.2 %) after Step 3, 12 (4.7 %) after Step 4, and 3 (1.2 %) after Step 5. In only six, pedicles screws could not be placed eventually. No nerve or blood vessel damages occurred in all cases. All final screw positions were validated by CT. CONCLUSION: The five-step remedial method proved to be an effective supplementary method for transpedicular screw placement to treat @entity1 with severe @entity85 . The key points include a detailed preoperative plan, a @entity1109 , and an experienced probing technique for screw tract.

title: A five-step remedial screw placement method to treat severe XXXX with free-hand transpedicular screw placement.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['meticulous hand drilling sensation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities', 'spinal deformity']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['spinal deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: We applied a method that analyzes @entity5 response, quantifying the rates of @entity5 growth (g) and regression (d), using @entity5 measurements obtained while @entity1 receive therapy. We used data from the phase III trial comparing @entity2240 and @entity686 in metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) @entity1 . METHODS: The analysis used an equation that extracts d and g. RESULTS: For @entity2240 , @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was strongly correlated with log g (Rsq = 0.44, P < 0.0001); much less with log d (Rsq = 0.04; P = 0.0002). The median g of @entity5 in these @entity1 (0.00082 per days; log g = -3.09) was about half that (P < 0.001) of @entity5 in @entity1 receiving @entity686 (0.0015 per day; log g = -2.81). With @entity686 , the @entity1349 /log g correlation (Rsq = 0.14) was weaker. Values of g from measurements obtained by study investigators or central review were highly correlated (Rsq = 0.80). No advantage resulted in including data from central review in regressions. Furthermore, g can be estimated accurately four months before treatment discontinuation. Extrapolating g in a model that incorporates survival generates the hypothesis that g increased after discontinuation of @entity2240 but did not accelerate. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mRCC, @entity2240 reduced @entity5 growth rate, g, more than did @entity686 . Correlating g with @entity1349 confirms earlier analyses suggesting g may be an important clinical trial endpoint, to be explored prospectively and in individual @entity1 .

title: Analyzing the pivotal trial that compared @entity2240 and XXXX in @entity1358 , using a method that assesses @entity5 regression and growth.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity686 :: (3438,Gene) :: ['IFN-a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common warts caused by the @entity1082 ) are considered to be the most common @entity24412 . No individual treatment for common warts is effective as monotherapy in eradicating the lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a 35% and an 80% @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) solution in the treatment of the common wart. METHODS: In this single-blinded clinical trial, 62 eligible @entity1 with common warts referred to the dermatology clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups, each treated with a @entity2974 solution (group A, @entity2974 80%; group B, @entity2974 35%) once per week until complete clearance of the lesions or for a maximum duration of six weeks. Seven @entity1 were excluded from the final analysis (one @entity1 in group A and six @entity1 in group B) for various reasons, including irregular follow-up, using physical tools such as razor blades to remove the lesion, and failure to complete treatment; and 55 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Improvement to treatment responses was classified as: no change (no changes in the number of warts), mild (clearing of less than 25% of warts), moderate (clearing of 25% to 75% of warts), and good (clearing of more than 75% of warts). At the end of follow-up, the clinical improvement of group A (n=30) was: 10 @entity1 (33.3%) with a mild response, 6 @entity1 (20%) with a moderate response, and 14 @entity1 (46.7%) with a good response. In group B (n=25), 16 @entity1 (64%) showed a mild response, 6 @entity1 (24%) a moderate response, and 3 @entity1 (12%) a good response. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement between the two treatment groups (P=.017). Improvement was greater with a higher concentration of @entity2974 solution. CONCLUSION: This study showed that a different concentration of @entity2974 solution was an effective form of treatment for common warts. @entity2804 80% is more effective, but this solution must be used only with careful consideration by a physician.

title: Comparative study of topical 80% @entity2804 with 35% XXXX in the treatment of the common wart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity24412 :: ('MESH:D012874', 'Disease') :: ['infectious skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroacetic acid', 'trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity2804 :: (MESH:D014238,Chemical) :: ['trichloroacetic acid']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate cytokine expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from @entity5 @entity1 and to confirm these expression patterns by exposing PBMCs to @entity2 cells in vitro. Five altered cytokines in @entity5 @entity1 ( @entity10557 , @entity687 , @entity1356 , @entity371 , sIL2Ra) were identified in plasma from subjects (n=15) before and after resection using a 30-plex panel protein assay. Gene expression studies using quantitative RT-qPCR were performed on PBMCs from @entity5 @entity1 (n=62) before and after resection, and compared to @entity5 @entity1 (n=32) before and after surgery for benign disease. Co-culture experiments that exposed healthy donor PBMCs to @entity2 cells in vitro were performed to evaluate the effect on PBMC cytokine expression. PBMC gene expression of @entity10557 , @entity687 and @entity1356 was higher in @entity2 @entity1 compared to the same @entity1 at each of four sequential timepoints after @entity5 , while @entity371 and @entity2902 were essentially unchanged. This pattern was also detected when @entity2 @entity1 were compared to @entity5 @entity1 . When @entity5 @entity1 underwent surgery for benign diseases, these cytokine expression changes were not demonstrable. @entity2 cell lines, but not benign bronchial epithelial cells, induced similar changes in cytokine gene and protein expression by healthy donor PBMCs in an in vitro co-culture system. We conclude that PBMCs from @entity5 @entity1 possess distinct cytokine expression patterns compared to both @entity5 @entity1 , and @entity2 @entity1 @entity5 removal. These expression patterns are replicated by healthy donor PBMCs exposed to @entity2 cell lines, but not benign bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. These findings have implications for understanding the immune response to @entity2 .

title: The effect of XXXX on cytokine expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I lung cancer', 'removal of their tumors', 'following tumor', 'non-cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Brazil it is mandatory to screen donors for @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV) antibodies using two immunoassays (IAs) in parallel. Confirmatory testing is performed only on reactive donors who return for counseling. The goal of this analysis was to determine if concordant IA reactivity accurately predicts @entity281 and can be used for @entity645 incidence and/or prevalence analyses. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We reviewed @entity645 screening and confirmatory results obtained for 307,407 donations in the first year of the REDS-II study in Brazil (2007) and for 2,304,755 donations collected from 1996 to 2006 in one of the REDS-II sites (S  o Paulo, Brazil). RESULTS: In the S  o Paulo site, 11,410 (0.50%) @entity645 IA-reactive donations were discarded, but only 2095 (0.09%) were reactive to both IAs. Western blot was positive on 1002 (48%) dual-IA-reactive donors who returned for counseling. Only four @entity645 -infected donors were detected who had been missed at screening by one of the IAs; all occurred before 2002. The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of dual-IA reactivity varied from 45.8 to 100%, with 80% to 90% PPVs when using IAs from different manufacturers. If both assays yielded signal-to-cutoff (S/C) values of 3.0 or more, PPVs ranged from 91% to 99%, with approximately 99% sensitivity for true @entity645 seropositivity. CONCLUSION: Parallel testing of all donations has limited efficacy when highly sensitive IAs are used. Reactivity by two sequential IAs is useful for prevalence studies if the assays are from different manufacturers and especially if high S/C values are considered.

title: Performance of parallel screening of Brazilian blood donors with two @entity1 XXXX virus immunoassays: implications for sequential immunoassay testing algorithms in other countries.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficiency']


abstract: An @entity1619 associated with pure @entity66 was described in this paper. A 51 year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity10 and palpitation in October 1988. On admission, physical examination showed marked pallor but no detectable superficial lymphadenopathies. @entity828 was not observed. The blood examination revealed @entity417 with Hb of 6.6 g/dl and marked leukocytosis of 18,800/microliters with 43% ATL cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed moderate infiltration of ATL cells and a few erythroblasts. The bone marrow biopsy disclosed moderate infiltration of ATL cells, only a few erythroblasts with @entity1167 and marked @entity82 . The @entity1307 in serum was elevated (686 IU/microliters). To clarify the mechanism of development of the @entity75 , the peripheral blood lymphocytes (ATL cells) or serum of the @entity1 was added to in vitro erythroid colony formation. The patient's serum increased BFU-E but either serum or lymphocytes didn't inhibit the growth of CFU-E compared with control.

title: [ XXXX associated with pure @entity66 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['adult T cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['red cell aplasia-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['normocytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['PRCA-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['maturation arrest']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['Adult T-cell leukemia']


abstract: This study consists on an eight week completely randomized investigator blind trial designed to compare the relative efficacy and tolerance of @entity10758 topical solution and @entity803 in the treatment of @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity5477 . @entity1 were seen at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. Of the forty-five case report forms received in house, thirty-four are considered to be evaluable. Seven @entity1 failed the entry criteria, two @entity1 were lost to follow-up and two @entity1 left due to lack of tolerance to the medication. All @entity1 receiving medication were examined for both @entity2631 . Within group analyses show significant improvement for both medication groups with respect to the continuous efficacy parameters: inflammatory lesions, pustules, papules and comedo counts. After adjusting for initial baseline differences, no differences between the two groups arose for these variables. The investigating physician on the average judged @entity10758 to be significantly more efficacious than @entity803 trends for the @entity1 evaluation supported these results. Throughout the study, the incidence of @entity6001 , erythema and itching was low and similar for both groups. Two @entity803 @entity1 did however terminate participation in the study due to itching. Significantly more @entity1 receiving @entity803 complained of a burning sensation. No @entity294 or other side effects were recorded.

title: [Therapeutic effectiveness of @entity10758 (1% solution) compared with XXXX (solution) administered topically in the treatment of @entity5477 ].

entities_list: @entity10758 :: ('MESH:C007084', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local and global tolerance indices']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity803 :: (MESH:D013752,Chemical) :: ['tetracycline']


abstract: In 1986, a Program on Prevention of @entity56 was initiated in our country which was possible on account of the organization conditions of our health system. The program includes IgE measurement in umbilical cord serum by means of an ultramicroanalytic technique for IgE quantification. This is an heterogeneous sandwich-type immunoassay that requires only 10 microliters of reactive on each reaction step and its processing is carried out on the Cuban SUMA equipment. Two groups of @entity1 were selected and followed-up: group I included 80 one-year-old @entity1 and group II included 60 18-months-old @entity1 . Both groups followed hypoallergenic diets and had minimal exposure to aeroallergens within their microenvironment. Results were compared with those of respective control groups. Compliance of both groups with the prophylactic measures brought about a reduction in the existence of @entity56 and a comparison with the control groups offered a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.001). Similarly, incidence of @entity565 was found more reduced in groups I and II than in the control groups (p less than 0.001). Within the groups treated under the Program on Prevention of @entity56 , IgE values were lower, while the control groups exhibited a higher number of @entity1 with figures of 200 IU/ml or more (p less than 0.05). Our results support the usefulness of preventive measures in avoiding the presence of @entity66 .

title: Prevention of XXXX and IgE dosification in cord sera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'Allergic Diseases']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence of decreased pleasure and deficits in the anticipation of reward in both @entity716 and @entity734 . Individuals with low anticipatory pleasure may preferentially engage in behaviours associated with immediate reward such as @entity835 use. METHOD: Ninety-one @entity716 @entity1 and 91 controls without history of @entity716 were administered the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), a self report which measures anticipatory and consummatory pleasure. Cannabis use diagnosis was assessed using the @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Subjects reported the frequency of @entity835 consumption and time since last use. RESULTS: @entity1 did not show a significant deficit in anticipatory or consummatory pleasure compared to controls; however, @entity1 with an active @entity835 tended to have lower consummatory pleasure than controls with active @entity835 (p<.05). @entity1 who continued to use @entity835 during treatment of their first episode of @entity716 reported significantly lower anticipatory pleasure compared to those who had a lifetime @entity835 diagnosis but were able to maintain abstinence (F(1,60)=5.6, p=.021). Frequency of @entity835 use was negatively correlated to anticipatory and consummatory pleasure (Pearson R=-.46, -.48 respectively) in 37 @entity1 currently using @entity835 but not in 46 @entity835 -using controls (partial R=-.04, -.07 respectively). CONCLUSION: Anticipatory pleasure may not be decreased in early @entity716 @entity1 . Lower hedonic response may be associated with persistent, heavy @entity835 use in @entity1 in the early phase of @entity914 .

title: Cannabis use and anticipatory pleasure as reported by subjects with early XXXX and community controls.

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'cannabis-use disorder', 'cannabis disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addiction']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: An experimental aphakic @entity95 model was employed in order to evaluate the correlation of the clinical course of @entity86 and the ability to recover microorganisms in the postoperative time period, the ocular antibiotic penetration of @entity801 , and the value of antibiotic prophylaxis. 2. @entity794 is far more pathogenic organism than @entity5938 . A concentration of 5,000 organisms resulted in an 88% @entity281 rate whereas 50,000 organisms and greater resulted in 100% @entity281 rate after extracapsular @entity231 extraction. 3. @entity794 could be isolated from the eyes demonstrating @entity281 following @entity231 extraction for 2 days (3 days in one case) and then could no longer be recovered despite the persistance of @entity32 . 4. The @entity281 which appeared in animals receiving 5,000 organisms of @entity794 after peripheral iridectomy was significantly milder than that which occurred following @entity231 extraction. In addition, the microorganisms could only be isolated on the first postoperative day. 5. When 20 mg of @entity801 was administered subconjunctivally following the post- @entity231 extraction or post-iridectomy administration of the 5,000 organisms of @entity794 , none of the eyes developed clinical signs of @entity3225 nor could bacteria be recovered. 6. Subconjunctivally administered @entity801 rapidly penetrated into the aphakic @entity95 eye; 75-100 mug/ml appears in the @entity7462 at 1 hour and persists in bactericidal concentrations for at least 4 hours in both the treated and contralateral eyes. 7. Antimicrobial (subconjlnctival @entity801 20 mg/prophylaxis at the time of surgery in the experimental animal significantly reduced the incidence of experimental postoperative @entity3225 .

title: Subconjunctival XXXX prophylaxis against @entity86 in the @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin', 'gentamicin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus epidermidis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endophthalmitis', 'endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5487 (PICA) is extremely rare. We report our experience of a case of @entity2849 developed on the PICA after blunt @entity542 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 55-year-old @entity1 was transferred to our emergency department presenting with semicomatose mental status after falling to the floor from a standing position. Computed tomography showed a small @entity1779 and @entity510 ( @entity510 ) in the cerebellum. Cerebral angiography revealed no causative lesion. After 3 days, the @entity1 was nearly mentally alert. One month later, follow-up angiography showed a small, newly-developed @entity439 at the distal PICA. The @entity1 underwent surgical treatment via a midline suboccipital approach. The @entity439 was surrounded by a subacute-stage subdural @entity1410 and protruded into the cortex. The @entity439 was coagulated and resected. On pathological examination, @entity2849 was diagnosed without @entity32 . No surgery-related morbidity occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Given that development of @entity2849 is usually delayed, follow-up radiological examination is required, especially for @entity1 with severe @entity130 .

title: @entity2849 at the distal posterior @entity5487 after blunt XXXX : A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infectious inflammation']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'traumatic pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) is the standard first-line therapy for mild-to-moderate @entity31 . In the PINCE study, remission rates were significantly greater with combined oral/enema vs. oral/placebo treatment at 8 weeks (64% vs. 43%, respectively; p=0.030). In this analysis, we explored early response, @entity33 rates, cessation of @entity548 , and quality of life in PINCE. METHODS: @entity1 with extensive mild-to-moderately active @entity31 received 8weeks of oral @entity2983 4 g/day, plus 4 weeks of daily active (1g @entity2983 ) or placebo enema. Early response was assessed using the abbreviated @entity31 activity index. Mucosal healing was assessed by disease activity index endoscopic mucosal appearance score. Cessation of @entity548 ( @entity1 diaries), quality of life (EQ-5D), and @entity1 acceptability (questionnaire) were also assessed. RESULTS: Combined @entity2983 oral/enema treatment achieved a significantly higher rate of improvement in abbreviated @entity31 activity index (score decrease >=  2) within 2 weeks, compared with oral-only treatment (p = 0.032). Bleeding ceased significantly more quickly with combination vs. oral therapy (p = 0.003). More @entity1 showed @entity33 (disease activity index endoscopic mucosal appearance score 0/1) with combination vs. oral therapy, which was significantly different between groups at week 4 (p = 0.052). Both groups showed quality of life improvements, with a significant benefit for combination vs. oral therapy at week 4 in multiple domains. Most @entity1 reported finding the treatment acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid cessation of symptoms was seen with combination therapy, which is particularly important to @entity1 and may improve quality of life.

title: Combined oral and rectal @entity2983 for the treatment of mild-to-moderately active XXXX : rapid symptom resolution and improvements in quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'ulcerative colitis disease']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid', 'mesalazine', 'Mesalazine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: AIMS: Stuttering is a serious health and social problem that can distinctively affect not only the mental development of an individual but also his life possibilities, including social fulfilment and his general life prospects. The etiology of stuttering is however unknown and that is why it is not possible to treat it causally. This pilot study takes into account the hypothesis of bronchial constriction as a negative factor in stuttering and investigates the effect of the long-acting bronchodilator @entity6410 on stuttering in 42 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were divided in 2 groups - A (school @entity1 and juveniles) and B (adults 18-25 resistant to other treatment). The medicine was administered once a day in the morning in a dose of 12 microg for the total period of 6 months. The prime outcome parameter - severity of stuttering - was evaluated using the ordinary scale (McGill Pain Questionnaire). The evaluation was done by an examining physician during visits to the centres and by the @entity1 themselves (in cases of the youngest with the assistance of a parent) in a daily diary. RESULTS: A non-parametric pair test (Wilcoxon signed rank test) was used to compare the average marks in the whole set of @entity1 . During the six moth period of administration of Foradil the speech fluency improved. The average number of dysfluent words decreased from 10.5 +/- 1.3 to 6.6 +/-0.97. CONCLUSION: The average mark of speech fluency evaluated by the physicians between the period of non use of Foradil and the six month period after the use of @entity6410 improved from 2.95 +/- 0.76 to 1.95 +/- 0.56 (as proved by the chi-square test, p<0.0001). The evaluation of speech fluency of balbuties uses the logopedic practices. Other clinical evaluations of speech fluency are not known.

title: Use of XXXX in the treatment of stuttering. A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['Foradil', 'formoterol fumarate']

answer: @entity6410 :: (MESH:C012629,Chemical) :: ['formoterol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of peritrochanteric @entity174 of the femur, particularly in elderly @entity1 is a therapeutic challenge for the surgeon, not only due to the @entity1 's age but also the type of @entity174 . The aim of the present paper is to assess the efficacy of closed intramedullary osteosynthesis with a gamma nail in the treatment of peritrochanteric @entity174 depending on the type of @entity174 and @entity1 age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 109 @entity1 treated at the Orthopaedic and @entity130 Department of A. Sokolowski Hospital in Walbrzych in 2006. The mean age of the @entity1 was 72 years (range 15-95). The follow-up period was 6-20 months, 15 months on average. A detailed assessment involved 97 @entity1 aged 50 years and older. The study utilised AO and Kyle's classifications of @entity174 ; the criteria of Golec and the 27th Congress of the Polish Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology (PSOT) were used for radiographic assessment; and the Harris scale was used for functional assessment. RESULTS: According to the standards of radiographic assessment, 75% of @entity1 had excellent and good results, indicating good mechanical efficacy of intramedullary fixation and good @entity174 consolidation. According to the Harris scale, 13% of the @entity1 achieved poor scores in the functional assessment. The poor results were related to the age of the @entity1 and co-existing @entity66 rather than to the degree of @entity174 instability. CONCLUSIONS: In stable peritrochanteric @entity174 of the femur, intramedullary gamma nailing was associated with good and excellent results irrespective of the @entity1 's age. Poorer functional results in @entity1 aged 71 or older were due to poorer pre-injury general health and local status of the @entity1 .

title: Intramedullary osteosynthesis with gamma nail in treatment of peritrochanteric XXXX of the femur.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['general diseases']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The important function of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has been well documented in @entity99 . However, little is known about the role of @entity15905 . Thus, we tested whether @entity15905 activation in HSCs and Kupffer cells could attenuate @entity99 in vivo, and investigated its possible mechanism in vitro. METHODS: Alcoholic @entity99 was achieved by feeding @entity164 ( @entity164 ), @entity15905 knockout ( @entity15905 (-/-)) and @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 with high-fat diet plus binge @entity1068 drinking for 2 weeks. To activate @entity15905 , @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ) was injected into @entity19 . For in vitro studies, HSCs and Kupffer cells were isolated and treated with @entity14018 . RESULTS: In @entity164 @entity19 , @entity14018 treatment reduced @entity99 and fat accumulation by suppressing nuclear factor-kB activation and @entity5068 response element-binding protein 1c expression in the liver. In addition, freshly isolated HSCs and Kupffer cells from @entity14018 -treated @entity19 showed enhanced expression of @entity1618 compared to controls. Infiltrated macrophage numbers and the expression of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity1750 and @entity777 on these cells were decreased after @entity14018 treatment. In vitro, @entity14018 treatment enhanced the expression of @entity1618 via a @entity15905 -dependent mechanism in HSCs and Kupffer cells. Finally, the protective effects of @entity14018 on @entity99 were diminished in @entity15905 (-/-) and @entity1618 (-/-) @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity15905 activation ameliorates @entity99 via the stimulation of @entity1618 production in HSCs and Kupffer cells. @entity15905 could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of @entity99 .

title: Activation of toll-like receptor 3 attenuates @entity99 by stimulating Kupffer cells and stellate cells to produce @entity1618 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver injury', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the predictive value of B  hler's angle on outcome remains subject of debate, the initial angle at the time of @entity130 still guides treatment. Changes in B  hler's angle during follow-up are frequently reported following surgical treatment of @entity7334 ( @entity7334 ). The aim of the present study was to determine the changes in B  hler's angle as a measure of secondary @entity174 following conservative management of @entity7334 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with a total of 44 @entity7334 treated conservatively with a minimum of two lateral radiographs during follow-up were analysed. B  hler's angle at different follow-up times was measured by three observers. The change in angle was compared with the angle at @entity130 , and influence of @entity130 mechanism and common calcaneal fracture classifications were determined. RESULTS: The results showed a significant decline over time of the B  hler's angle in conservatively-treated @entity1 of more than 11   on average at a mean follow-up of 29.2  weeks. This decrease was not related to gender, the initial angle, or the Essex-Lopresti or Sanders classification. A statistically significantly higher decrease was detected in high energetic @entity130 compared with low energetic @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The conservative treatment of @entity7334 is still a viable option, yet a significant secondary displacement in time should be taken into account, as reflected in a decrease of B  hler's angle of 11   up to one  year following @entity130 .

title: The fate of B  hler's angle in conservatively-treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture displacement']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['DIACF', 'displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Females live longer than males in many @entity1 species, including @entity1 . It has been observed that @entity1 are at an advantage over @entity1 with regard to the lifespan; however, the reason for this sex difference in longevity is unclear. Bi-maternal @entity19 (BM), which are produced in a 'sperm-free' manner, could provide an opportunity to analyse the longevity of animals lacking paternal genomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the longevity of BM, which were generated using two sets of female genomes--one derived from fully grown oocytes from normal adults and the other from non-growing oocytes from newborn pups. These newborn pups were also genetically manipulated in two regions--the imprinting centres of @entity5100 -H19 and @entity11591 - @entity15047 --on chromosomes 7 and 12. We determined lifespan of the control (n = 13) and BM (n = 13). Our results revealed that the bi-maternal genotype clearly shifted the entire survival curve to the right, suggesting a delay in the expression of all causes of mortality. BM survived 186 days longer than controls. Furthermore, the body weight was significantly lower in the BM as compared with the controls at 20 months after birth (P < 0.05), and leukocyte composition analysis at 8 weeks revealed that the eosinophil count was significantly increased in the BM as compared with the controls (P < 0.05, n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the maternal genome may play a role in ontogenetic longevity. Our results further suggested sex differences in longevity, originating at the genome level, implying that the sperm genome has a detrimental effect on longevity in mammals.

title: Longevity in XXXX without a father.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'women', 'humans', 'men']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells express @entity2931 receptor beta ( @entity1783 ) protein, but cellular functions regulated by @entity1783 in these cells have not been identified. In this study we determine if @entity1783 is localised to mitochondria and if @entity2931 regulates mitochondrial function in @entity1 PDL cells obtained from teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. DESIGN: Subcellular distribution of @entity1783 was determined by confocal microscopy of cells co-stained with @entity1783 antibody and the mitochondrion-selective probe MitoTracker and by immunogold electron microscopy. Expression of the mitochondrial enzyme @entity9859 , involved in oxidative phosphorylation, was determined by Western blotting in cells treated with or without physiological concentrations of the endogenous @entity2931 @entity53 . RESULTS: @entity1783 immunoreactivity was observed both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. MitoTracker-labelling was observed in the cytoplasm, especially in the perinuclear region, but not in the nuclei. Co-localisation of @entity1783 and MitoTracker was observed in cells derived from both male and female subjects. Mitochondrial localisation of @entity1783 was confirmed by immunogold electron microscopy. Cells treated with or without @entity53 (100 nM) displayed an identical pattern of staining for mitochondria. Treatment with 100 nM @entity53 attenuated @entity9859 expression by about 30%, while combined treatment with @entity53 and the ER blocker @entity1299 (10 microM) had no effect. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates mitochondrial localisation of @entity1783 and @entity2931 -induced decrease in the expression of @entity9859 in @entity1 PDL cells, suggesting that @entity2931 probably via @entity1783 influences mitochondrial function and PDL cell energy metabolism.

title: Demonstration of mitochondrial @entity2931 receptor beta and XXXX -induced attenuation of @entity9859 expression in @entity1 periodontal ligament cells.

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity9859 :: ('4512', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome c oxidase subunit I']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity1 placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) on immunological rejection in @entity19 allogeneic skin transplantation. METHODS: The placenta fetal tissues from voluntary donors were used to isolate and culture the PMSCs, and the 3rd passage PMSCs were used in the experiment. Thirty Vr: @entity2659 (ICR) @entity19 at age of 1-2 days were used as skin donors for allogeneic skin transplantation. Thirty C57BL/6 @entity19 at age of 6-8 weeks as recipients were made back skin defect of 12 mm in diameter and were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10): group A, autograft; group B, allogeneic graft + PBS tail vein injection; and group C, allogeneic graft + @entity1 PMSCs (1 x 10(5) cells/ @entity19 ) tail vein injection. The flap survival was observed. At 7 days after skin transplantation, blood leukocyte counting, abdominal fluid macrophage activation, and the expression levels of @entity58 ( @entity58 ), @entity636 ( @entity636 ), and @entity60 ) in blood and spleen were detected by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The flap survival time was significantly longer in group A [(58.33 +/- 4.04) days] than in groups B and C [(3.80 +/- 0.92) days and (6.80 +/- 0.82) days] (P < 0.05), and in group C than in group B (P < 0.05). At 7 days after transplantation, the blood leukocyte number was (6.32 +/- 0.45) x 10(9)/L in group A, (7.45 +/- 0.52) x 10(9)/L in group B, and (6.35 +/- 0.39) x 10(9)/L in group C, and it was significantly more in group B than in groups A and C (P < 0.05). The macrophage activation rate of the abdominal fluid was 6.87% +/- 2.40% in group A, 7.84% +/- 0.44% in group B, and 15.98% +/- 2.87% in group C; group C was significantly higher than groups A and B (P < 0.01). ELISA results showed that there was no significant difference in the concentrations of @entity58 among 3 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with group B, the concentrations of @entity636 and @entity60 were significantly reduced in group C (P < 0.05), while the concentration of @entity60 was significantly increased in group B when compared with group A (P < 0.05). RT-PCR results showed that there were significant differences in the expressions of @entity58 , @entity636 , and @entity60 mRNA between groups B, C and group A (P < 0.05); the expressions of @entity58 and @entity60 mRNA were significantly lower in group C than in group B (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1 PMSCs transplantation can suppress the acute immunological rejection in allogeneic skin transplantation. The possible mechanism may be partially related to the inhibitory effect on the secretion of @entity636 and @entity60 .

title: [Immunomodulatory effects of @entity1 placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells on immune rejection in XXXX allogeneic skin transplantation].

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon gamma (INF-gamma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Two cycles of the combination of @entity3003 (C), given every 4 weeks with weekly doses of @entity900 (P), were administered on an outpatient basis to 28 previously untreated @entity1 . One cycle consisted of one dose of C and 4 doses of P. The @entity137 of 250 mg/m2 of C, combined with escalating doses of P (20, 30, 35, 40 mg/m2) was evaluated first. @entity882 was dose-limiting and cumulative. At the dose level of 40 mg/m2 of P, the median Pt nadirs during the first and second cycles were 190 (range: 44 to 232) x 10(3)/microL and 90 (range: 15 to 165) x 10(3)/microL, respectively. The median delivered dose intensity (DI) of P was 40 mg/m2/wk in the first cycle and 40 mg/m2/wk in the second cycle. In the second part of the study, 40 mg/m2 of P were combined with a C dose adapted to individual renal function according to the formula dose (mg) = AUC x (GFR + 25) where AUC = 4.5 mg/mL/min. The administration of doses of C ranging from 219 to 493 mg/m2 was associated with a more severe and more variable @entity882 , more frequent P delays and decrease of the median delivered DI of P (first cycle: 33 mg/m2/wk; second cycle: 32 mg/m2/wk). At all dose levels, @entity1431 was mild to moderate, and @entity2359 and severe @entity137 were absent. No significant reductions of the @entity1011 clearance values were observed. All @entity1 treated at 40 mg/m2 of P suffered from cumulative subjective @entity137 during the second month of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Phase I study of the combination of monthly @entity3003 and weekly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'GI toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: AIM: @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion (HIPEC) is the treatment regime most likely to achieve prolonged survival in @entity1 with @entity298 from @entity5 . To date, few publications have focused on the treatment of @entity1 with @entity356 alone. Several controversies remain unsolved, including the safety and effectiveness of the @entity1104 -HIPEC combination regime, particularly in cases where HIPEC is used as adjuvant treatment after @entity1104 . Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of @entity1104 combined with HIPEC in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHOD: Data from 231 @entity1 with a median age of 55.1 years treated with the @entity1104 -HIPEC combination regime between January 2009 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity1 underwent the combination therapy (mean of 2.4 cycles per @entity1 , range, 1 to 4 cycles). RESULTS: Median overall survival was 37.0 months, with 1-, 2- and 3-year survival rates recorded as 83.4%, 68.5%, and 38.7%, respectively. The serum levels of @entity787 ( @entity787 ) and @entity1735 antigen 199 (CA199) were significantly decreased after combination therapy in the completeness of cytoreduction (CCR)-0 and @entity16951 groups, while no significant changes observed in marker levels were observed in the CC >= 2 group. The post-operative morbidity and mortality rates were 6.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed @entity5 stage, ascites condition and CCR score as independent predictors for better survival. CONCLUSION: In view of the acceptable morbidity and mortality rates we propose that @entity1104 combined with HIPEC presents an effective and safe treatment modality for @entity1 with @entity356 , especially in cases where optimal cytoreduction is achieved before the HIPEC procedure.

title: XXXX combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion for the treatment of @entity356 : A single-centre retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low TNM tumour', 'gastroenteric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen', 'CEA']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['Cytoreductive surgery']


abstract: A 37-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of progressive @entity303 and gait disturbance. She was healthy until 34 years of age when she had difficulty in walking and @entity2414 with personality changes. At age 36, she developed @entity322 and @entity303 . The neurological examination demonstrated euphoric mental state, emotional @entity322 , severe @entity303 , @entity451 , @entity6447 , @entity4790 in both arms and @entity322 . Diffuse @entity427 and bilateral Babinski signs were observed. Routine laboratory examination showed slightly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and alkaline phosphatase. Electroencephalogram revealed diffuse irregular slow waves. X-ray film of the ulnar bone revealed @entity5409 . The biopsy of the left tibial bone showed a specific membranous cystic structure. Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain showed symmetric, diffuse low density areas in the cerebral white matter and severe @entity194 of the cerebellum. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed diffuse high intensity areas in the cerebral white matter. The present case is characterized by diffuse changes in cerebral white matter and @entity76 , which have been never reported in @entity2248 . The diffuse cerebral white matter changes shown by CT and MRI appear to indicate that this @entity1 is the first case of @entity8431 of sudanophilic type since the original case reported by Nasu et al.

title: [A case of membranous lipodystrophy (Nasu) with diffuse cerebral white matter involvement and XXXX on brain CT and MRI].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic and cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['choreic movements']

entities_list: @entity2248 :: ('MESH:C536329', 'Disease') :: ['Nasu-Hakola disease']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: We hypothesized that @entity8 induced by @entity1284 may be related to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system. Thus, we examined the renal effects of angiotensin II receptor blockade in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) with @entity1284 . Two different blockers were used to demonstrate that the effect depends on receptor blockade per se. METHODS: Male, 8-week-old SHR were divided into 4 groups; the control group was given regular chow, the remaining 3 groups were given chow with 8% salt. In addition, the third group was given @entity1564 (10 mg/kg/day) and the fourth @entity9886 (30 mg/kg/day). Treatment lasted for 8 weeks. RESULTS: Compared with controls, mean arterial pressure increased in salt-loaded @entity35 and was not decreased by @entity1564 or @entity9886 . Indices of renal function including renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and urinary protein excretion were greatly and adversely affected by @entity1284 , and they were completely restored with either drug. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that dietary salt excess adversely affected renal function, hemodynamics and structure. Angiotensin receptor blockade did not affect arterial pressure but prevented other adverse effects of @entity1284 , indicating that @entity8 was not dependent on arterial pressure but, more likely, on another mechanism involving the renin-angiotensin system.

title: Angiotensin blockade prevents salt-induced XXXX in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['salt overload']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['injury of the renal circulation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using @entity11730 as adjuvant chemotherapy after the resection of @entity788 . METHODS: @entity11730 was initially administered or ally at a dose of 50 mg twice daily for 14 days, followed by a rest period of seven days to complete one course. Administration was repeated with dose escalation in each cycle until the recommended dose (RD; 80 mg/m2, maximum 120 mg/day), unless grade 3 adverse events were observed. Administration was planned to continue at least 6 months (eight courses). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 who had undergone resection of @entity788 were enrolled in this study. The RD could be administered to 12 @entity1 (67%), and 80% of the RD was given to five @entity1 (28%). Although grade 3 @entity417 occurred in one @entity1 , grade 4 hematologic adverse events were not observed. Grade 3 cutaneous @entity137 ( @entity8566 )was observed in two @entity1 . The cumulative relative total administered dose rate of @entity11730 was 0. 86. The 3-year relapse-free survival rate was 31. 4%, and the median overall survival time was 25. 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term postoperative administration of @entity11730 at the RD is safe and appears to be a promising method of adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: [Feasibility study of adjuvant chemotherapy with XXXX for @entity788 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome']

answer: @entity11730 :: (5707,Gene) :: ['S-1']


abstract: Antidepressants are often used for the treatment of @entity9 . Clinical studies suggest that the efficacy of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1063 (NA) reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) for @entity9 is greater than that of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). In the present study, we determined the efficacy and mechanisms involved in the antihyperalgesic effects of @entity1153 , an SNRI, compared with @entity903 , an SSRI, and @entity5081 , a selective NA reuptake inhibitor, using a @entity35 model of @entity9 . Male @entity35 underwent spinal nerve ligation (SNL), and the withdrawal threshold to paw pressure was measured. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity1153 (3-30mg/kg) produced a dose-dependent antihyperalgesic effect. The effect was reversed by intrathecal injection of the a(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity9006 (30 g), but not by various @entity750 receptor antagonists. @entity903 produced an antihyperalgesic effect only at the highest dose tested (10mg/kg). This effect was reversed by intrathecal injection of both @entity9006 and ondansetron (30 g), a @entity5376 antagonist. @entity5081 produced an antihyperalgesic effect (10 and 30mg/kg), and the effect was reversed by intrathecal @entity9006 . In microdialysis studies, NA and @entity750 concentrations in the spinal dorsal horn were increased after injection of either @entity1153 or @entity903 , and only NA was increased after @entity5081 . Furthermore, the NA content in the spinal cord of SNL @entity35 was greater than that in normal animals. These findings suggest that an increase in NA in the spinal cord plays an important role in the antihyperalgesic effects of not only NA reuptake inhibitors but also SSRIs.

title: An increase in spinal cord @entity1063 is a major contributor to the antihyperalgesic effect of antidepressants after peripheral nerve injury in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5081 :: ('MESH:D008376', 'Chemical') :: ['Maprotiline', 'maprotiline']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['Paroxetine', 'paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Long-lasting modulation of intrinsic @entity528 in cortical neurons underlies distinct stages of skill learning. However, whether individual differences in learning capabilities are dependent on the rate by which such learning-induced modifications occur has yet to be explored. Here we show that training @entity35 in a simple olfactory-discrimination task results in the same enhanced excitability in piriform cortex neurons as previously shown after training in a much more complex olfactory-discrimination task. Based on their learning capabilities in the simple task, @entity35 could be divided to two groups: fast performers and slow performers. The rate at which @entity35 accomplished the skill to perform the simple task was correlated with the time course at which piriform cortex neurons increased their repetitive spike firing. Twelve hours after learning, neurons from fast performers had reduced spike frequency adaptation as compared with neurons from slow performers and controls. Three days after learning, spike frequency adaptation was reduced in neurons from SP, while neurons from fast performers increased their spike firing adaptation to the level of controls. Accordingly, the post-burst AHP was reduced in neurons from fast performers 12 h after learning and in neurons from slow performers 3 days after learning. Moreover, the differences in learning capabilities between fast performers and slow performers were maintained when examined in a different, complex olfactory-discrimination task. We suggest that the rate at which @entity528 is modified during learning may affect the behavioral flexibility of the animal.

title: Olfactory-learning abilities are correlated with the rate by which intrinsic XXXX is modulated in the piriform cortex.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal excitability']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['neuronal excitability']


abstract: This study investigated the long-term survival rates of 85 @entity1 with @entity9595 . Eighty-five @entity1 with documented @entity9595 diagnosed between 1958 and 1989 and followed up at the University Hospital (University of Western Ontario) medical center were retrospectively reviewed for this analysis. The current status of the @entity1 was assessed by interview or written questionnaire completed by the @entity1 or the family physician. Estimates of differences in survival rates were obtained using Kaplan-Meier life-table and Cox regression analysis. Liver histology, clinical features of the disease, and number of venesections were analyzed to determine their relationship to survival. In the course of a mean follow-up interval of 8.1 +/- 6.8 years (range, 0-31 years), there were 17 deaths among the 85 @entity9595 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity82 at the time of diagnosis were 5.5 times more likely to die than noncirrhotic @entity1 . @entity1 who were noncirrhotic at the time of diagnosis had an estimated survival that was not significantly different from age- and sex-matched members of the normal population. @entity6 did not increase the risk of @entity204 after data were controlled for the presence of @entity82 . Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity9595 in the precirrhotic stage can lead to long-term survival similar to that in the general population. The presence of @entity82 significantly increases mortality and is the major clinical factor affecting survival.

title: Long-term survival analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis', 'hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['hereditary hemochromatosis']


abstract: Chromosome structure and function are influenced by transposable elements, which are mobile DNA segments that can move from place to place. @entity34885 elements are a superfamily of DNA cut and paste elements that move by excision and integration. We have characterized two @entity34885 elements, TcBuster and @entity3626 ( @entity3626 ), that are members of a recently described subfamily of @entity34885 elements called Buster elements. We show that TcBuster, from the @entity5399 @entity5399 , is highly active in @entity1 cells. @entity3626 elements are currently inactive elements that were recently highly active in multiple vertebrate genomes, and the high level of sequence similarity across widely diverged species and patchy phylogenetic distribution suggest that they may have moved between genomes by horizontal transfer. We have generated an intact version of this element, @entity3626 (ON), which is highly active in @entity1 cells. In vitro analysis of TcBuster and @entity3626 (ON) shows that no proteins other than transposase are essential for recombination, a property that may contribute to the ability of @entity3626 to successfully invade multiple organisms. We also analyze the target site preferences of de novo insertions in the @entity1 genome of TcBuster and @entity3626 (ON) and compare them with the preferences of Sleeping Beauty and piggyBac, showing that each superfamily has a distinctive pattern of insertion. The high-frequency transposition of both TcBuster and @entity3626 (ON) suggests that these transposon systems offer powerful tools for genome engineering. Finally, we describe a @entity375 assay for TcBuster that will provide a means for isolation of hyperactive and other interesting classes of transposase mutants.

title: A resurrected @entity1 XXXX transposable element and a closely related insect element are highly active in @entity1 cell culture.

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['red flour beetle', 'Tribolium castaneum']

entities_list: @entity3626 :: ('MESH:D018489', 'Disease') :: ['Space Invaders', 'SPIN']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity34885 :: (9407,Gene) :: ['hAT']


abstract: Dietary fat has been shown to enhance @entity788 . Uncertainty still exists whether the amount of @entity4722 or the amount of fat is the main determining factor. In the present study the effects of a high lard, a low lard, a @entity4722 supplemented low lard and a laboratory chow diet were investigated on the development of (pre)neoplastic @entity660 in @entity35 treated with @entity11725 . The @entity35 were killed 15 months after carcinogen treatment and the pancreata were examined for the number and size of putative @entity1613 and for the occurrence of @entity5 . The @entity4722 supplemented low lard group showed a significantly increased number of basophilic foci as compared to the low lard group. @entity35 maintained on the @entity4722 supplemented diet or the laboratory chow developed significantly less atypical acinar cell nodules larger than 1.0 mm in diameter and @entity420 as compared to the high lard group. Animals maintained on the low lard diet developed significantly less @entity420 than @entity35 on the high lard diet did. Overall, the number of benign and malignant pancreatic @entity5 was consistently higher in the high lard group and consistently lower in the @entity4722 supplemented low lard group than the number of these types of @entity5 in the low lard group, with the exception of the number of @entity189 in situ, which was lower in the high lard group. The laboratory chow group showed a significant lower number of atypical acinar cell nodules with a diameter over 1.0 mm and a lower number of @entity420 as compared to both the high lard and the low lard group. It is concluded that a diet high in saturated fat has a promoting and that laboratory chow has an inhibitory effect on @entity788 in @entity11725 -treated @entity35 .

title: @entity11725 -induced @entity788 in XXXX : promotion by a diet rich in saturated fat and inhibition by a standard laboratory chow.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity11725 :: ('CHEBI:74846', 'Chemical') :: ['azaserine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few reports of microsurgical treatment of dorsum sellae @entity1653 -which, because of location, size, and differences in growth direction, clinical presentations, degree of surgical difficulty, have varied posttreatment sequelae. In pursuit of an optimal microsurgical treatment option for dorsum sellae @entity1653 @entity1 , we performed a retrospective analysis of eight microsurgery-treated @entity1 in our set up. METHODS: Clinical data of eight microsurgery-treated dorsum sellae @entity1653 @entity1 were analyzed. Dorsum sellae @entity1653 were classified into 2 types based on @entity5 location, size, and direction of growth. @entity5 (dorsum sellae-inferior third ventricle type, four cases) were resected by craniotomy via the frontotemporal or orbitozygomatic approach. @entity5 (dorsum sellae-third ventricle type, 4 cases) were resected by frontal craniotomy via the transcallosal-interforniceal approach. RESULTS: Complete @entity5 resection was achieved in all the eight @entity1 . In @entity5 @entity1 , the only postoperative complication was @entity2895 . In @entity5 @entity1 , the @entity260 included @entity221 , electrolyte imbalances, @entity132 , and @entity1276 . The mean follow-up was 2.1 years. Four @entity1 returned to normal life and found a job, two were able to live independently, one required assistance, while one died. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsum sellae @entity1653 surgery is challenging, and resection of @entity5 is more @entity5 . The selection of a suitable microsurgical approach based on @entity5 type, and the active treatment of @entity260 are important means of increasing therapeutic efficacy.

title: Optimal microsurgical treatment of dorsum sellae XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinologic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'difficult than Type I tumors', 'Type I tumors', 'Type I tumor', 'Type II tumor', 'Type II tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['oculomotor nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: There have been conflicting reports regarding the association of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) with oncologic outcomes including recurrence rates and survival outcomes in @entity263 . We aimed to evaluate whether @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) affects biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS), @entity5 -specific survival (CSS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) following radical prostatectomy (RP) for @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,713 @entity1 who underwent RP for clinically localized @entity263 between 1993 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. We performed a comparative analysis based on receipt of transfusion ( @entity1503 group vs. no- @entity1503 group) and transfusion type (autologous @entity1503 vs. @entity1503 ). Univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to evaluate variables associated with BRFS, CSS, and @entity1349 . The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival estimates for BRFS, CSS, and @entity1349 , and log-rank test was used to conduct comparisons between the groups. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 who received @entity1503 was 440 (16.5%). Among these @entity1 , 350 (79.5%) received allogeneic transfusion and the other 90 (20.5%) received autologous transfusion. In a multivariate analysis, @entity1503 was found to be statistically significant predictors of BRFS, CSS, and @entity1349 ; conversely, autologous @entity1503 was not. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significantly decreased 5-year BRFS (79.2% vs. 70.1%, log-rank, p = 0.001), CSS (98.5% vs. 96.7%, log-rank, p = 0.012), and @entity1349 (95.5% vs. 90.6%, log-rank, p < 0.001) in the @entity1503 group compared to the no- @entity1503 group. In the autologous @entity1503 group, however, none of these were statistically significant compared to the no-autologous @entity1503 group. CONCLUSIONS: We found that @entity1503 was significantly associated with decreased BRFS, CSS, and @entity1349 . This provides further support for the immunomodulation hypothesis for @entity1503 .

title: Perioperative Blood Transfusion as a Significant Predictor of Biochemical Recurrence and Survival after Radical Prostatectomy in XXXX with @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['perioperative blood transfusion', 'allogeneic PBT', 'PBT']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed the prognostic value of the nuclear DNA content measured in the primary @entity5 of 123 @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: Isolated nuclei from paraffin sections were stained with the Feulgen reaction, and DNA was measured using a computer-assisted image analysis cytometry system. We applied 4 different approaches in the analysis of DNA histograms: the ABCDE approach, histogram range, peak evaluation and DNA cut-off values. RESULTS: Using the histogram range, the narrow range was rare (3.7%) in @entity1 who died of disease (n = 28) as compared with 16.4% among those alive (n = 74; p = 0.017). Modal peak evaluation was a significant predictor of @entity66 ( @entity66 ; Kaplan-Meier log-rank p = 0.0235). In the range evaluation, the 1st set (low-start gates) was a significant predictor of @entity66 (log-rank p = 0.0121), where disease recurrence was closely associated with the widest range (1.8->10c; c = haploid DNA content) gates. Recurrence-free survival was 3 times better in narrow-gate histograms than wide-range histograms (p < 0.03). The 1st set also proved to be a significant predictor of @entity66 ( @entity66 ; log-rank p = 0.0045), which was markedly better (77.8-90.0%) among the @entity1 with the narrow-gate histograms. Grading of the histogram range into 2 categories (with 6.0c as cut-off), was a powerful predictor of both @entity66 (log-rank p = 0.0092) and 5-year @entity66 (p = 0.0106) in the whole series, and separately in stage III (but not stage II) disease, with p = 0.0131 and p = 0.0201, respectively. CONCLUSION: The DNA image cytometry with careful analysis of the histograms may provide valuable prognostic information in @entity14 , with potential clinical implications in @entity1 management, particularly in predicting the @entity1 at high risk for recurrence who should be considered as candidates for adjuvant therapy.

title: DNA image cytometry is a useful adjunct tool in the prediction of disease outcome in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFS', 'DSS', 'disease-specific survival', 'disease-free survival']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['stage II or stage III colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['stage II and stage III colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity9853 (DS) is widely used to treat @entity1 with chronic @entity988 . DS treatment multiplies @entity14554 episodes. In this work, DS effect on the number of @entity14554 episodes and on the energy metabolism changes in the cerebral cortex (coupled to @entity14554 episodes) was investigated for the first time in @entity35 . Polygraphic recording of the redox potential E (with @entity902 electrodes implanted in several cortical sites), electrocorticogram, neck electromyogram, and general motor activity were made in sleep-wake cycles. @entity35 received DS (100 mg/kg) with meals for two nights, after which the number of @entity14554 episodes increased almost twice during two subsequent sessions (prior to receiving DS). This was evidence of an increase in @entity14554 pressure coupled to a decrease of @entity1063 level in the brain. DS also evoked sharp decrease in the amount of the positive E shifts related to @entity14554 , which were replaced by the negative E shifts or by the two-phase E shifts (negative-positive waves). The absolute mean amplitude decreased both for the positive E shifts and the negative E shifts. These findings demonstrate prevailing glycolytic compartment as a source of fuel supporting @entity14554 and the inhibition in all brain energetic compartments. The data presented well agree with the conception that glycolysis becomes the main source for the brain activity under pathology conditions.

title: [Effect of XXXX on energy metabolism (redox potential shift) coupled to paradoxical sleep episodes in @entity35 cerebral cortex].

entities_list: @entity9853 :: ('MESH:D004221', 'Chemical') :: ['Disulfiram']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity9853 :: (MESH:D004221,Chemical) :: ['disulfiram']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1689 is an inflammatory condition that may result in progressive @entity8 and @entity82 which can ultimately lead to destruction of pancreatic tissue. Fistulas to the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium, and peripancreatic organs may form as a complications of @entity788 . This case report describes an exceedingly rare complication, pancreaticoureteral @entity292 (PUF). Only two additional cases of PUF have been reported. However, they evolved following traumatic @entity1698 or pancreatic duct. No published reports describe PUF as a complication of @entity788 . CASE REPORT: A 69-year-old Hispanic female with a past medical history of cholecystectomy, @entity9007 , and recurrent episodes of @entity788 presented with severe, sharp, and constant @entity490 . Upon imaging, a fistulous tract was visualized between the left renal pelvis (at the level of an upper pole calyx) and the pancreatic duct and a ureteral stent was placed to facilitate @entity292 closure. Following the procedure, the @entity1 attained symptomatic relief and oral intake was resumed. A left retrograde pyelogram was repeated 2 months after the initial stent placement and demonstrating no evidence of a persistent fistulous tract. CONCLUSION: Due to PUF's unclear etiology and possible variance of presentation, it is important for physicians to keep this rare complication of @entity788 in mind, especially, when evaluating a @entity1 with recurrent @entity788 , urinary symptoms and abnormal imaging within the urinary collecting system and pancreas.

title: @entity292 : A Rare Complication of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal damage']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity1698 :: ('MESH:D014516', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the ureter']

answer: @entity1689 :: (MESH:D050500,Disease) :: ['Chronic Pancreatitis']


abstract: We show that it is possible to extract @entity2066 selectively from @entity6618 in two-phase bioreactors. The cells continue to produce @entity2066 and the extracted part is substituted by newly produced molecules. This process is called "milking." We performed several experiments to understand the exact mechanism of the extraction process. The results show that direct contact between the cells and the biocompatible organic solvent was not a requirement for the extraction but it accelerated the extraction. Electron microscopy photographs showed an undulated shape of the cell membrane and a space between the cell and the chloroplast membranes in the cells growing in the presence of @entity18105 (a biocompatible solvent). Extra-chloroplast @entity2066 globules located in the space between the cell and the chloroplast membranes were observed in these cells as well. It was shown that @entity18105 was taken up by the cells. The concentration of @entity18105 in the cells was about 13 pg.cll(-1). It can be concluded that @entity18105 uptake by the cells is responsible for the morphological changes in the cells and leads to more activity in the cell membrane. The results suggest two possible modes of extraction. One of the mechanisms is transport of the globules from the chloroplast to the space between the cell and the chloroplast membranes and subsequently from there to the outside by exocytosis. Another possible mode for the extraction could be release of @entity2066 from the globules as a result of alterations in the membrane in response to the uptake of @entity18105 . @entity2066 molecules diffuse from the chloroplast to the space between the cell and the chloroplast membranes and from there to the medium either by diffusion or by exocytosis after accumulation in the vesicles.

title: Mechanism of extraction of XXXX from microalga Dunaliellea salina in two-phase bioreactors.

entities_list: @entity6618 :: ('3046', 'Species') :: ['Dunaliella salina']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-Carotene', 'beta-carotene']

answer: @entity2066 :: (MESH:D019207,Chemical) :: ['beta-carotene']


abstract: The use of boiled @entity415 peel (PP) in dressing of various @entity272 was studied. A total of 11 @entity1 were selected, which included resistant wounds of @entity7271 , bullous pemphigoid and leg @entity1066 . An autoclaved PP dressing with a thin layer of antiseptic cream was applied at 25 sites. It was covered with multilayered gauze and the dressing was secured firmly with either a roller bandage or with an adhesive tape. Complete epithelization was seen at 20 sites (80%), near complete epithelization at one site. There was no satisfactory response at three sites and at one site the result could not be evaluated. The mean duration of healing was one week for superficial wounds and three weeks for @entity130 . The PP dressing facilitates the wound and three weeks for @entity130 . The PP dressing facilitates the wound healing process by providing and maintaining a moist environment. The PP dressing is easy to prepare, apply as well as remove. It is a comfortable dressing and is also cost effective.

title: Dressing wounds with XXXX peel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deep wounds']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['potato']