abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiac surgery is associated with intraoperative @entity999 , which can result in @entity16 . A new ultrasonic transducer (EmBlocker) can be positioned on the ascending aorta and activation of the EmBlocker is expected to divert emboli to the descending aorta, thereby decreasing emboli in the cerebral arteries. In this preliminary animal study, safety and efficiency of this technology were examined. METHODS: In 14 @entity1707 (+/-70 kg), a median sternotomy was performed and the EmBlocker was positioned on the aorta ascendens at the level of the bifurcation of the aorta and the innominate artery. In one animal temperature measurements were performed. During these measurements, the EmBlocker was activated for four periods of 120 s of high power (1.5 W/cm(2)) and for four periods of 600 s of low power (0.5 W/cm(2)). In the safety study (n=6), the EmBlocker was activated twice the expected clinical duration (eight periods of 120 s of high power and, subsequently, one period of 20 min of low power). Tissue samples (control and sonicated) were collected after 1 week for histopathological evaluation (aorta, @entity825 , esophagus, vagus nerves). In the efficiency study (n=7), extracorporeal circulation was installed. Emboli (air and solid (1200, size 500 microm-750 microm)) were introduced in the proximal ascending aorta and the EmBlocker was alternately activated with high power for solid emboli injections and low power for air emboli injections. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) was used to analyse middle cerebral artery blood flow for occurrence of @entity887 , which were manually counted offline. RESULTS: Histopathology revealed no difference between control and sonicated tissue. There is a rise in temperature during EmBlocker activation, but in all measured tissues it was within limits; less then 42 degrees C for 2 min in the aorta wall directly under the EmBlocker. Use of the EmBlocker significantly reduced emboli in the cerebral arteries in an animal model; air emboli with 65% (left) and 69% (right) and solid emboli with 49% (left) and 50% (right). CONCLUSIONS: The new ultrasound technology can safely be applied and is capable of reducing emboli in the cerebral arteries during extracorporeal circulation. Use of the EmBlocker in cardiac surgery bears the potential to lower the risk of @entity16 . Clinical feasibility studies are in progress.

title: New ultrasonic radiation reduces XXXX during extracorporeal circulation.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral emboli']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic signals']

answer: @entity999 :: (MESH:D020766,Disease) :: ['cerebral emboli']


abstract: The density and distribution of four species of @entity291 louse, Bovicola bovis (L.). Haematopinus eurysternus (Nitzsch), Linognathus vituli (L.), and Solenopotes capillatus (Enderlein), were elucidated from the hides of six slaughtered steers. Adult and nymphal lice were first removed from one hide by hand and the location of each specimen mapped. The remaining lice were removed by a detergent wash, and @entity3071 dissolution of hide and hair. Lice from the remaining five hides were removed using @entity3071 dissolution of @entity291 hair and subsequent filtration of the effluent. Bovicola bovis was most abundant, followed by H. eurysternus, L. vituli and S. capillatus. Significant variation was observed in @entity14097 , H. eurysternus and L. vituli population densities. Solenopotes capillatus population densities did not differ significantly. All species were contagiously distributed, i.e. 'clumped', suggesting species dependent predilection sites. Predilection sites were ranked according to louse density to facilitate the development of field sampling strategies. Additional biological data were gathered on sex and life stage ratios for each species.

title: Density and distribution of XXXX lice (Phthiraptera:Haematopinidae, Linognathidae, Trichodectidae) on six steers.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Interferon (IFN)-gamma plays an important role in the immunologic control of @entity281 by the protozoan enteropathogen @entity2432 . We tested the hypothesis that @entity379 may directly inhibit @entity281 of enterocytes by this pathogen. METHODS: HT-29, Caco-2, and H4 @entity1 enterocyte cell lines were grown in monolayers and incubated with @entity379 before exposure with @entity2432 . @entity379 receptor expression in the cell lines was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity379 inhibited @entity2432 @entity281 of both HT-29 and Caco-2 cells but not H4 cells. Response to @entity379 was related to the expression of the @entity379 receptor in the respective cell lines. The effect of @entity379 was partially reversed by inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. @entity379 mediated its action by at least 2 mechanisms: (1) inhibition of parasite invasion and (2) by modification of intracellular @entity8798 concentration. No role for @entity2340 starvation or @entity842 synthase activity was found. TNF-alpha and IL-1beta also had anti-C. parvum activity but had no synergistic effect with @entity379 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity379 directly induces enterocyte resistance against @entity2432 @entity281 ; this observation may have important consequences for our understanding of the mucosal immune response to invasive pathogens.

title: Interferon gamma induces enterocyte resistance against @entity281 by the intracellular pathogen XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2432 :: (5807,Species) :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']


abstract: AIMS: To discover novel naturally occurring @entity8372 producing @entity375 species with potential for industrial applications. METHODS AND RESULTS: Exactly 274 strains were cultivated on both solid and liquid screening medium with @entity6122 as the sole @entity505 resource. Five strains were selected on the basis of significant growth and high degree of @entity6122 assimilation. Their phylogenetic position was confirmed by the PCR-RFLP and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the 5' end of the large subunit rDNA gene (5'-LSU rDNA). Enzymatic analysis was conducted to compare @entity6122 metabolism in each strain. @entity18203 Xu280 and @entity17319 Xu316 were found to have high @entity6122 consumption rates and @entity8372 yields in the batch fermentation under micro-aerobic condition. The effect of the different media with high initial @entity6122 concentration on biosynthesis of @entity8372 by both strains was investigated. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified Candida spp. strains, which exhibit high levels of @entity8372 production from @entity6122 suggesting that these may have potential for industrial applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACTS OF THE STUDY: Microbial species are of importance for @entity8372 production. @entity8372 production involves complicated metabolic regulation including @entity6122 transport, production of key enzymes and cofactor regeneration. Thus, screening of naturally occurring @entity6122 -utilizing micro-organisms is a viable and effective mean to obtain @entity8372 producing organisms with industrial application. Moreover, the research on selected strains will contribute to a better understanding of regulatory properties of @entity6122 metabolism in different @entity375 .

title: Screening and characterization of @entity375 for XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity8372 :: ('MESH:D014993', 'Chemical') :: ['xylitol', 'Xylitol']

entities_list: @entity17319 :: ('5479', 'Species') :: ['Candida maltosa']

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['Candida guilliermondii']

answer: @entity8372 :: (MESH:D014993,Chemical) :: ['xylitol']


abstract: Previous clinical studies have shown that the oral @entity5537 /tegafur (UFT)/leucovorin (LV) regimen, in which the drugs are taken for 28 consecutive days every 35 days, is equivalent to an infusional @entity1487 ( @entity1487 )/LV regimen for the treatment of @entity14 . A 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule for UFT/LV has been proposed as the same schedule for UFT has been reported to be safe and have good compliance. However, few studies have been performed with regards to the feasibility of the UFT/LV regimen. The results of the 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule were compared with those of the consecutive schedule in adjuvant chemotherapy. Twenty-eight @entity1 were treated with the 5-days-on/ 2-days-off schedule of UFT (300 mg/m(2)/day)/LV (75 mg/body/day), and another 12 @entity1 were treated with the consecutive schedule. In the 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule, 24 of 28 @entity1 (86%) received all the scheduled doses. In the consecutive schedule, 10 of 12 @entity1 (83%) received all the scheduled doses. The mean relative dose intensities for the 5-days-on/2-days-off and consecutive schedules were 0.92 and 0.87, respectively. The @entity137 were milder in the 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule compared with the consecutive schedule. The disease-free survival in @entity1 with the 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule tended (P=0.13) to be longer compared with the consecutive schedule. The results of the present study indicate that the 5-days-on/2-days-off schedule of UFT/LV may be feasible and cause no severe @entity137 in long-term adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Feasibility of 5-days-on/2-days-off UFT/leucovorin in post-operative long-term adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Forty-four @entity1 with high risk primary @entity2590 and an excess of @entity236 were treated with a combination of low-dose @entity2592 , @entity1968 and @entity3875 . Morphological subtypes were @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ) in 16, @entity7139 ( @entity7139 ) in 20 and @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ) in eight @entity1 . The therapy was continued in responders until relapse or @entity204 . The results were compared to those of a matched control of 44 @entity1 given a supportive therapy only. In the treated group the overall response rate was 50% (75% in @entity7139 , 50% in @entity7139 and 0% in @entity6130 ) and the survival was significantly better than in the control group (P < 0.025). Comparing separately each @entity13352 subgroup gave statistical evidence that the treatment prolonged the survival in the @entity7139 subgroup only (P < 0.002). The median duration of response was 15 months and the survival in responders was statistically better than in non-responders (P < 0.0001). Myelosuppression has been the most important side effect, however, no @entity204 related to the treatment was observed. Our study suggests that @entity1 with @entity7139 , who are not suitable candidates for aggressive chemotherapy, could benefit from our treatment schedule. The long duration of therapy seems to be of value for @entity1 achieving a response in order to prolong the survival. The @entity137 is acceptable and the therapy can be given on an outpatient basis.

title: Therapy of 'high risk' @entity2590 with an association of low-dose XXXX , @entity1968 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.

entities_list: @entity7139 :: ('MESH:D000754', 'Disease') :: ['RAEB in transformation', 'RAEB-T', 'RAEB', 'refractory anemia with excess of blasts']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['CMML', 'chronic myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow blasts']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['Ara-C']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3123 is one of the leading causes of @entity5 -related mortality. At the time of diagnosis, 30% of @entity1 present with a @entity788 ( @entity788 ). As circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) count may be a surrogate of the @entity5 metastatic abilities, CTC detection rates and prognostic value were studied in a prospective cohort of @entity788 @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: An LAP07 international multicenter randomized study assesses in @entity1 whose @entity788 is controlled after 4 months of chemotherapy whether chemoradiotherapy could increase survival versus continuation of chemotherapy. A subgroup of @entity1 included in the LAP07 trial was screened for CTCs (CellSearch  ) before the start of the chemotherapy and after 2 months of treatment. @entity1 characteristics and survival were obtained prospectively and were correlated with CTC detection. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 were included. One or more CTCs/7.5 ml were detected in 5% of @entity1 before treatment and in 9% of @entity1 after 2 months of treatment (overall detection rate: 11% of @entity1 ). CTC positivity was associated with poor @entity5 differentiation (P = 0.04), and with shorter overall survival (OS) in multivariable analysis (RR = 2.5, P = 0.01), together with @entity417 . CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of micrometastatic disease using CTC detection appears as a promising prognostic tool in @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Circulating XXXX cells in locally advanced @entity788 : the ancillary CirCe 07 study to the LAP 07 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['LAPC', 'locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure delay before treatment of @entity2184 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out of @entity1 referred for diagnosis and treatment of @entity2184 at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre (LOOC), a tertiary adult ocular oncology service. @entity1 were @entity1 with @entity2184 presenting to an optometrist or general practitioner in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2000. Main outcome measures were delay at each stage of the referral process according to route of referral and @entity5 size. RESULTS: Delays greater than 2 weeks occurred (1) between presentation to the optometrist or general practitioner and the ophthalmologist's examination in 50% of @entity1 ; (2) between the ophthalmologist's examination and receipt of the referral at the ocular oncology centre in 34%; (3) between receipt of referral at the oncology centre and first assessment at that centre in 16%; and (4) between first assessment at the oncology centre and treatment in 8%. The waiting time for the ophthalmologist's examination was greater if the optometrist referred the @entity1 via the general practitioner instead of directly. The median overall delays between presentation and treatment were 129 days for small @entity5 , 50 days for medium-sized @entity5 and 34 days for large @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity2184 experience long delays before treatment. @entity1 wait longer to see an ophthalmologist if their @entity5 is small or if they are referred by the optometrist to the general practitioner instead of directly to the ophthalmologist. Several @entity1 also experience long delays after seeing the ophthalmologist, some having a large @entity5 by the time of teatment.

title: Time to treatment of XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Initially described in 1937, @entity6437 ( @entity6437 ) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or plasma cell granulomas are synonymous for an inflammatory solid tumor that contains spindle cells, myofibroblasts, plasma cells, and histocytes. Common sites of presentation include lung, mesentary, liver, and spleen; intestinal presentations are rare, and the etiology remains obscure. This report details the clinical and surgical experiences in 4 @entity1 with alimentary tract @entity6437 at a single institution. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric @entity1 with the pathologic diagnosis of @entity6437 . RESULTS: Between 1990 and 1999, 4 @entity1 (4 @entity1 , ages 5 to 15 years) were identified with gastrointestinal tract origins of @entity6437 . Symptoms at presentation included @entity417 (n = 4), intermittent @entity490 (n = 3), @entity221 (n = 3), @entity353 (n = 2), @entity294 (n = 2), @entity1282 (n = 1). Two @entity1 had comorbid conditions of @entity309 and @entity1892 . Three of 4 @entity1 had elevated sedimentation rates. The sites of origin were the gastroesophageal junction, the colon, the rectum, and the appendix, with the referral diagnosis @entity1318 , @entity2466 , @entity29 , and recurrent @entity706 , respectively. All were treated with aggressive surgical resection, and 3 @entity1 have had no recurrences since the initial surgery. One @entity1 had 3 recurrences within 8 months of presentation; she remains disease free 8 years later. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6437 , although rare in the gastrointestinal tract, mimics more common problems. Successful surgical management is possible even in cases of multiple recurrences.

title: XXXX of the alimentary tract: clinical and surgical experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['perforated appendix']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['IPT', 'inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['mature B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity6437 :: (MESH:D006104,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory pseudotumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The severity of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has an important impact in clinical outcomes. The @entity159 Severity Score (STESS) is a score for predicting mortality in @entity159 at admission. The baseline @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) might be a prognostic factor for assessing the short-tem outcomes of @entity159 . Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of @entity2653 and whether its addition to the STESS improves the prediction of mortality. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity159 and aged >16 years were recruited during 3 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves and a logistic regression model were developed to estimate the scores of the new score, designated as modified STESS (mSTESS), and it was subsequently compared with the STESS. RESULTS: In all, 136 @entity1 were included. Mean age was 62.01    17.62 (19-95) years, and 54% were male. The capacity of the STESS to predict mortality was 74.3% (95% confidence interval 63.8%-81.8%), whilst the capacity of the @entity2653 to predict mortality was 65.2% (95% confidence interval 54.2%-76.2%). The logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves enabled the classification of @entity2653 as follows: 0, @entity2653 = 0; 1, @entity2653 = 1-3; and 2, @entity2653 > 3. These values, when added to the other items of the STESS, resulted in the mSTESS with scores between 0 and 8 points. The capacity of the mSTESS to predict mortality was 80.1%. An mSTESS > 4 established an overall accuracy of 81.8% for predicting mortality, which was considerably higher than the overall accuracy of STESS >=  3 (59.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The baseline @entity2653 was associated with high mortality risk. It is proposed to use mSTESS to improve the prediction of mortality risk in @entity159 .

title: A new clinical score for the prognosis of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['mRS', 'modified Rankin Scale']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE', 'Status Epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: According to the international SIOP 9 study preoperative chemotherapy for @entity1 between 6 months and 16 years old is a major component of the therapeutic management of @entity3969 . Prior to treatment, the diagnosis is established by diagnostic imaging alone, without biopsy. This study was therefore undertaken to verify the accuracy of diagnostic imaging in the German GPO study group. Between July 1988 and November 1990, 156 @entity1 with known histology were registered in the study centre. Of these @entity1 , 67% (105/156) received preoperative chemotherapy. The diagnosis was initially established by US, TVP and CT, and in some cases MRT without prior biopsy. Of these preoperatively treated @entity1 , 92.4% (97/105) had @entity3969 or one of its variants. Five @entity1 had a different @entity5 . Three cases, i.e. 2.8% of the preoperatively treated @entity1 or 1.9% of all registered @entity1 with known histology, had @entity5 . Morphologically, the @entity3969 was revealed by a characteristic inhomogeneity in sonography and the CT scan. The inhomogeneity in the CT scan increased following injection of contrast medium. Intratumoral bleeding and cystic areas were observed frequently in the native scan. @entity730 were seen in 5% of the cases. The predictive value of pretherapeutic diagnostic imaging was good enough to justify instituting chemotherapy without diagnostic biopsy. It is still difficult in diagnostic imaging to differentiate the very rare benign cystic @entity12878 from malignant @entity3969 . Intravenous pyelography proved to be the best method for distinguishing extrarenal from @entity703 .

title: [Diagnostic value of imaging procedures in XXXX before preoperative chemotherapy: initial results].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours of the kidney', 'malignant tumour']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Calcifications']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumour", 'nephroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['nephroblastoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether clinical outcomes and reimbursement for care differed between @entity1 with @entity173 , total knee replacement (TKR), and total hip replacement (THR) undergoing an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) versus @entity1957 ( @entity1957 ). METHOD: A total of 541 @entity1 (IRF = 409, @entity1957 = 131) with unilateral @entity173 , TKR, and THR were recruited. The IRF and @entity1957 @entity1 were matched on age, sex, diagnosis, severity index, and ambulation @entity177 ( @entity177 ) score on admission. Comparisons of discharge motor @entity177 scores, length of stay, discharge ambulation devices, discharge disposition, use of home health services, transfer to acute care, and total reimbursement for the inpatient stay were carried out between matched pair groups. RESULTS: From a sample of 541 @entity1 , 102 matched IRF- @entity1957 pairs were created. The mean length of stay for those receiving care in IRF was 10.7 (4.2) days, compared to 25.5 (16.5) days for those receiving care in @entity1957 (P < .001). Costs of care in the IRF setting were  11,984 ( 5254) compared to that in the @entity1957 setting, that is,  10,001 ( 7141) (P = .008). As compared to @entity1 receiving care in the @entity1957 setting, those in the IRF were more likely to ambulate independently (87.5% vs 74.0%; P = .019), manage stairs independently (68.4% vs 34.7%; P < .001), require less home care (33.7% vs 76.4%; P < .001), and were less likely to use a walker at discharge (41.7% vs 67.7%; P < .001). There were no differences between settings in terms of transfers to acute care, ability to dress the lower body, toilet transfers, and discharge to home. CONCLUSION: When @entity1 were matched for age, gender, operative diagnosis, severity index, and admission ambulation @entity177 score, those who received rehabilitation in the IRF had shorter length of stay and superior functional outcomes than those in the @entity1957 setting. Cost of stay in an IRF was, however, significantly greater.

title: Rehabilitation following total knee replacement, total hip replacement, and XXXX : a case-controlled comparison.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['SNF', 'skilled nursing facility']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity167 -related chronic @entity788 (ARCP) may present with abnormal gastric emptying (GE), which has been ascribed mainly to nutrient maldigestion. Nevertheless, many @entity1 also have @entity6 with @entity5433 and @entity3147 and the role of these factors on abnormal GE has not been investigated. GOALS: To determine the influences of @entity8884 , @entity6 , @entity3147 , and @entity5433 on @entity1819 in @entity1 with ARCP. STUDY: Forty ARCP outpatients and 18 healthy controls were studied. GE was measured by scintigraphy after a standard, liquid, nutrient meal labeled with @entity9361 . Autonomic function was evaluated by cardiovascular tests. The influence of each factor on abnormal GE was assessed by Bayesian multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In the ARCP group, GE was abnormal in 19 @entity1 (47.5%), who showed either accelerated (N=12) or delayed emptying (N=7). @entity6 was highly prevalent (P<0.01) in ARCP @entity1 with either rapid or delayed GE (18/19). Multiple regression analysis showed that not only @entity6 , but also @entity5433 has significant effects on abnormal GE, whereas @entity8884 and @entity3147 seemed not to be associated to abnormal emptying. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of @entity1 with ARCP may have abnormal GE. Either delayed or accelerated GE seem to be related to underlying @entity6 and @entity4148 rather than to nutrient @entity8884 and @entity3147 .

title: Factors associated with abnormal gastric emptying in XXXX -related chronic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['GE abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity9361 :: ('MESH:C026177', 'Chemical') :: ['Technetium-phytate']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: Mutations in the @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ) are associated with various forms of @entity245 , including @entity2438 and @entity302 . The heterodimeric @entity2916 complex, consisting of @entity34239 and @entity34240 proteins, regulates the activity of the @entity6549 (target of @entity3446 ) complex via @entity40851 , a small GTPase. @entity6549 , an atypical @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase, forms two distinct complexes @entity6549 and TORC2. @entity40852 and Rictor serve as specific functional components of @entity6549 and TORC2, respectively. Previous studies have identified @entity34239 as a regulator of hippocampal neuronal morphology and function via the @entity6549 pathway, but it is unclear whether this is mediated via @entity6549 or TORC2. In a genetic screen for aberrant synaptic growth at the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) in @entity238 , we identified that @entity34240 mutants showed increased synaptic growth. Increased synaptic growth was also observed in rictor mutants, while @entity40852 knockdown did not phenocopy the @entity2916 mutant phenotype, suggesting that a novel role exists for TORC2 in regulating synapse growth. Furthermore, @entity34240 mutants showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of phosphorylated @entity40853 , and interestingly, @entity40853 mutants phenocopied @entity34240 mutants, leading to the hypothesis that @entity34240 and @entity40853 might work via the same genetic pathway to regulate synapse growth. Indeed, transheterozygous analysis of @entity34240 and @entity40853 mutants confirmed this hypothesis. Finally, our data also suggest that while overexpression of @entity40851 results in aberrant synaptic overgrowth, the overgrowth might be independent of TORC2. Thus, we propose that at the @entity238 NMJ, @entity2916 regulates synaptic growth via the TORC2- @entity40853 pathway.

title: @entity2916 complex regulates @entity238 neuromuscular junction growth via the TORC2/ XXXX pathway.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity40853 :: (41957(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: @entity11046 (Ins1P), an index of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover, was measured in frontal and piriform cortices, caudate, thalamus, hippocampus and cerebellum in saline or @entity4113 (5 m Eq./kg) pretreated @entity35 60 min. after graded doses of DFP, @entity11093 , or @entity4835 . DFP only produced bursts of @entity410 activity whereas both @entity11093 and @entity4835 produced prolonged @entity3173 . All three @entity2958 (OP) produced @entity410 at a lower dose in @entity4113 than in saline pretreated @entity35 . Regional Ins1P correlated better with the presence or absence of @entity410 than with the dose of @entity11093 or @entity4835 . This was true both in saline and @entity4113 pretreated @entity35 . In saline pretreated non-convulsing @entity35 , there was a cholinergic increase (1.5-2.0 X) in Ins1P in all brain regions except cerebellum after OP injection. In saline pretreated convulsing @entity35 , there was a marked seizurogenic further increase in Ins1P; highest in caudate (8 X) and cortex (6 X). In @entity4113 pretreated nonconvulsing @entity35 , the OP-induced cholinergic increase in Ins1P was significant only in caudate, thalamus and hippocampus. In @entity4113 pretreated convulsing @entity35 , the further seizurogenic increase in Ins1P was less than in saline pretreated @entity35 except in thalamus and hippocampus. Thus, OP produce both a cholinergic and a seizurogenic increase in PI turnover. These data suggest that increased PI turnover in the hippocampus may indicate a @entity1091 -induced lowering of the @entity410 threshold for OP in limbic regions.

title: XXXX modifies @entity410 and brain phosphoinositide turnover induced by @entity2958 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive', 'seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2958 :: ('MESH:D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphates']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity11046 :: ('MESH:C002647', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['Lithium']


abstract: @entity13376 PF01 has been reported to be highly resistant to bile, a key property of probiotic microorganisms. Here, we examine the nature of the bile-salt tolerance of @entity13376 PF01. Growth inhibition and surface morphology and physiology aberrations were observed after overnight exposure to bile stress. Quantitative proteomic profiles using iTRAQ-LC- @entity15 / @entity15 technology identified 8307 peptides from both untreated PF01 cells and those exposed to 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% bile salts. Some 215 proteins exhibited changed levels in response to bile stress; of these, levels of 94 peptides increased while those of 121 decreased. These were classified into the following categories: stress responses, cell division, transcription, translation, @entity377 metabolism, @entity1735 transport and metabolism, cell wall biosynthesis, and @entity535 biosynthesis, and 16 of unidentified function. Analysis of the mRNA expression of selected genes by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR verified the proteomic data. Both proteomic and mRNA data provided evidence for increased phosphotransferase activity and cell wall biosynthesis. In addition, three bile salt hydrolases were significantly upregulated by bile exposure. These findings provide a basis for future evaluations of the tolerance of potential probiotic strains toward the various gastrointestinal challenges, including bile stress.

title: Proteomic and transcriptional analysis of XXXX PF01 during bile salt exposure by iTRAQ shotgun proteomics and quantitative RT-PCR.

entities_list: @entity13376 :: ('33959', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus johnsonii', 'L. johnsonii']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity13376 :: (33959,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus johnsonii']


abstract: Sensitization to @entity13377 (B.g.) was studied in 290 @entity56 @entity1 having increased sensitivity to @entity7678 ( @entity7678 ). The study carried out by ELISA techniques with the use of allergen especially developed by the authors, revealed that the sera of adults and @entity1 with @entity565 ( @entity565 ) contained high levels of IgE antibodies (Ab) to B.g. in 34 and 63.5% of cases, respectively. The presence of pronounced IgE-linked sensitization of target cells of @entity565 @entity1 was confirmed in leukocyte alteration test and in the natural leukocyte migration inhibition test. Increased sensitization to B.g. was shown to be the second in the total spectrum of sensitization to different arthropod species in @entity7678 , and the presence of mixed sensitization to B.g. and @entity7678 mites was not due to cross reactions caused by main mite allergens. The content of IgG and IgG4 Ab to B.g. in @entity565 @entity1 exceeds that in healthy subjects, the tendency towards reverse correlation (r = -0.4) between the content of specific IgE and IgG Ab being revealed in the former. An essential role of sensitization to cockroaches in pathogenesis of @entity565 is emphasized.

title: [Increased sensitivity to cockroaches of the species @entity13377 in XXXX with @entity56 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['Blattella germanica']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Estimation of @entity1162 belongs to safety assessment of every drug. Among unresolved issues, heart rate correction of the QT interval may be problematic. This article proposes a strategy for heart rate correction in drug safety studies and demonstrates the strategy using a study of @entity39970 , a nonsedating antihistamine. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four-way cross-over Phase I study investigated 32 subjects on placebo, @entity39970 60 mg once a day, 100 mg once a day, and @entity9691 180 mg twice a day. Repeated ECGs were obtained before each arm and after 7 days of treatment. The changes in heart rate-corrected QTc interval were investigated using (A) 20 published heart rate correction formulas, (B) a correction formula optimized by QT/RR regression modeling in all baseline data, and (C) individual corrections optimized for each subject by drug-free QT/RR regression modeling. (A) Previously published correction formulas found QTc interval increases on @entity9691 . The results with @entity39970 were inconsistent. For instance, Bazett's and Lecocq's correction found significant QTc increase and decrease on @entity39970 , respectively. The results were related (absolute value(r) > 0.95) to the success of each formula (independence of @entity734 ). (B) The pooled drug-free QT/RR regression found an optimized correction QTc = QT/RR(0.314). QTc interval changes on placebo, @entity39970 60 mg, @entity39970 100 mg, and @entity9691 were -1.95 +/- 6.87 msec (P = 0.18), -3.91 +/- 9.38 msec (P = 0.053), 0.75 +/- 8.23 msec (P = 0.66), and 12.95 +/- 14.64 msec (P = 0.00025), respectively. (C) Individual QT/RR regressions were significantly different between subjects and found optimized corrections QTc = QT/RR(alpha) with alpha = 0.161 to 0.417. Individualized QTc interval changes on placebo, @entity39970 60 mg, @entity39970 100 mg, and @entity9691 were -2.76 +/- 5.51 msec (P = 0.022), -3.15 +/- 9.17 msec (P = 0.11), -2.61 +/- 9.55 msec (P = 0.19), and 12.43 +/- 15.25 msec (P = 0.00057, respectively. Drug-unrelated QTc changes up to 4.70 +/- 8.92 msec reflected measurement variability. CONCLUSION: Use of published heart rate correction formulas in the assessment of drug-induced @entity1162 is inappropriate, especially when the drug might induce heart rate changes. Correction formulas optimized for pooled drug-free data are inferior to the formulas individualized for each subject. Measurement imprecision and natural variability can lead to mean QTc interval changes of 4 to 5 msec in the absence of drug treatment.

title: Problems of heart rate correction in assessment of drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc prolongation', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug-free QTc and RR intervals']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['QT interval prolongation']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of the efficacy of multifocal, diffractive intraocular lenses in @entity231 surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 eyes in 10 @entity1 , mean age 64 +/- 9 years, included in the study, undergoing phacoemulsification of the @entity231 with implantation of diffractive MIOL (AcrySof ReSTOR, SA60D3, Alcon). Follow-up was performed for a period of 6 months. Postoperative evaluation performed five times included: visual acuity for distance and near without and with best correction, contrast sensitivity, @entity1 satisfaction in 10-grade scale, degree of independence from glasses and frequency of lighting effects. RESULTS: After 6 months from surgery uncorrected distance visual acuity > or =1.0 was achieved in 55% of operated eyes (6/11), and the best corrected in 91% (10/11). Uncorrected near visual acuity in 2-6 months after surgery was achieved in all @entity1 . Contrast sensitivity for spatial frequencies in the range 12 and 18cdg was decreased, but in 6 cdg was normalized after 6 months of observation, and in 3 cdg was normal. Subjective @entity1 satisfaction in 10-grade scale was on average in the first day after surgery 7.9 points and after 6 months 9.3. The necessity to use glasses (30%) and lighting effects had no bearing on subjective @entity1 satisfaction perception. CONCLUSIONS: Multifocal diffractive lens implants are able to restore good visual acuity independent of distance and is effective and safe method in @entity231 surgery.

title: Multifocal diffractive intraocular lenses in XXXX surgery--preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Central/Eastern European countries, @entity66 are among the leading causes of mortality. We aimed to determine the incidence of first-ever @entity64 (FES) in the north-western part of Croatia. METHODS: A population-based prospective incidence study was conducted between July 1, 2007, and June 30, 2009. Cases were sought from multiple overlapping sources. Incidence rates by @entity64 type and gender were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1,487 events were recorded, 1,017 of which were FESs. European age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000 population) were: total FESs 223.6 [ @entity1 / @entity1 rate ratio (w/m RR) = 0.65 (95% CI 0.57-0.73)]; @entity385 162.4 (w/m RR = 0.65, 0.56-0.76); @entity1779 28.4 (w/m RR = 0.44, 0.30-0.63); @entity510 7.2 (w/m RR = 1.18, 0.55-2.54); unknown etiology 25.5 (w/m RR = 0.78, 0.54-1.14). Adjusted incidence rates of @entity385 by subtype were: cardioembolic 52.9 (w/m RR = 0.77, 0.59-0.99); large-artery @entity731 14.4 (w/m RR = 0.22, 0.13-0.38); small-artery occlusion 24.5 (w/m RR = 0.53, 0.37-0.77) and 'other or uncertain causes' 70.6 (w/m RR = 0.77, 0.62-0.97). Thirty-day case-fatality rate was 23.5% overall and 17.1% for @entity385 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of FES and 30-day mortality of @entity1 with @entity385 in the studied population is higher than in Western European countries.

title: A population-based prospective 24-month study of XXXX : incidence and 30-day case-fatality rates of first-ever @entity64 in Croatia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Drug resistance gene therapy has the potential to protect against the myelosuppressive side effects of chemotherapy or to be used as a dominant in vivo selectable marker of genetically modified cells. Steady state kinetic studies have indicated the @entity526 thymidylate synthase (ecTS) is intrinsically more resistant to several @entity1950 -directed inhibitors as compared with the @entity1 enzyme, suggesting that ecTS is suitable for use as a drug-resistant marker. However, we found a disparity between the kinetic properties of ecTS and the degree of resistance conferred to cells transfected with the cDNA encoding this enzyme. It was determined that although ecTS is as stable as @entity1 @entity1950 (hTS) in transfected @entity1 cells, ecTS is produced at only 40% the level of hTS, indicating poor translation of ecTS in eukaryotic cells. To circumvent this problem, the entire cDNA sequence of ecTS was synthesized by using codons optimized for expression in @entity1 cells. In transfected @entity3569 lung cells, expression of ecTS from the optimized construct, termed OPTecTS, is as efficient as hTS. Furthermore, cells transfected with the OPTecTS cDNA are significantly more resistant to the @entity1950 inhibitor raltitrexed as compared with transfected cells expressing similar levels of hTS. High-titer retroviral packaging cells were generated with OPTecTS and >80% of transduced @entity19 hematopoietic progenitor cells are resistant to raltitrexed, Thymitaq, and U89 at concentrations that eliminated colony growth of mock-transduced cells. The transgene was detectable by PCR in transduced bone marrow selected in U89 or raltitrexed, and expression of ecTS from the OPTecTS cDNA in bone marrow exhibited a catalytic rate constant comparable to that of purified recombinant ecTS. These data indicate that OPTecTS is a viable dominant selectable marker that can confer resistance to antifolates when introduced into cells.

title: Retroviral expression of XXXX thymidylate synthase cDNA confers high-level antifolate resistance to hematopoietic cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: The authors observed that eyes with acute fibrinous @entity989 ( @entity989 ) masquerading active @entity3193 had a "dark spot" within the yellow fibrinous deposit. The present study aims to describe this sign as a clinical indicator of acute serofibrinous exudative detachment, thus helping to differentiate it from active @entity3193 . METHOD: The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 19 @entity1 of fibrinous @entity989 masquerading active @entity3193 . Color fundus photographs, fundus @entity941 angiogram (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and follow-up were studied for a dark spot. The systemic @entity230 were stopped and all @entity1 were followed up. RESULTS: There were 12 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 with a mean age of 39.8 years. Fourteen @entity1 had received systemic @entity230 . Funduscopy revealed creamy yellow subretinal lesion/s simulating active @entity66 in all eyes and @entity1713 in 9 eyes. The dark spot was seen as a round, grayish dark spot within the fibrinous lesion in all eyes. On FFA and OCT, this dot corresponded to the site of leakage. All eyes showed resolution of @entity989 on follow-up. CONCLUSION: Detection of a dark spot within fibrinous @entity989 is an important clinical sign that, if present, helps to avoid misdiagnosis, unnecessary diagnostic tests, and incorrect treatment.

title: Dark spot in fibrinous @entity989 masquerading XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis lesion']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['exudative retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity3193 :: (MESH:D015862,Disease) :: ['choroiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No @entity41 as result of primary surgery in advanced @entity43 is known as one of the most important prognostic factors. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of different prognostic factors for surgical outcome and to evaluate the impact of surgical outcome on survival. METHODS: Surgical data as well as survival data were documented throughout the multi-center prospective randomized phase III trial (OVAR-3) of the AGO-OVAR and were used for this exploratory analysis. In this study 798 @entity1 with FIGO IIB-IV were first operated then randomized and homogenously treated with @entity900 / @entity1311 or @entity3003 / @entity1311 . Only @entity1 with complete surgical data (n=761) entered this analysis. RESULTS: Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significant decrease of probability for complete debulking without any macroscopic @entity41 for higher pre-operative @entity5 load (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.17-0.61), higher FIGO stage (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.13-0.39), worse performance status (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.38-0.86), advanced age (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.65-0.94) and presence of @entity298 (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.10-0.28). Surgery in centers with surgeons who performed comprehensive surgical debulking including retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and peritoneal stripping was associated with higher rates of complete debulking compared to surgery in other centers (32.8% vs. 22.9%, p=0.007). This resulted in a markedly improved overall survival (p=0.045). This effect was held true after adjustment for prognostic factors (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.63-0.94, p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Post-operative @entity41 is one of the most important independent prognostic factor for survival. Our results suggest an advantage for aggressive primary surgery and complete debulking. This surgical goal was achieved more often in experienced centers.

title: Prognostic factors for complete debulking in advanced @entity43 and its impact on survival. An exploratory analysis of a prospectively randomized phase III study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynaekologische Onkologie XXXX Study Group (AGO-OVAR).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer']


abstract: Sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) methods for the analysis of @entity2951 , @entity39278 , and @entity43702 in pepper spray products have been developed. Chromatographic separation of the @entity38853 analogues was achieved using a reversed-phase HPLC column and a stepwise gradient of @entity1042 and distilled water containing 0.1% (v/v) @entity5189 . Identification and quantification of the @entity38853 was achieved by electrospray ionization single-stage mass spectrometry monitoring the protonated molecules of the internal standard (m/z 280), @entity2951 (m/z 306), @entity39278 (m/z 308), and @entity43702 (m/z 294) or by tandem mass spectrometry monitoring the appropriate precursor-to-product-ion transitions. The plot of concentration versus peak area ratio was linear over the range of 10-750 ng/ml using LC-MS and 10-500 ng/ml using LC-MS-MS. However, to accurately quantify the @entity38853 in the pepper spray products calibration curves between 10 and 1000 ng were constructed and fit using a weighted quadratic equation. Using the quadratic curve, the accuracy of the assay ranged from 91 to 102% for all analytes. The intra-assay precision (RSD) for @entity2951 was 2% at 25 ng/ml, 10% at 500 ng/ml, and 3% at 800 ng/ml. The inter-assay precision (RSD) for @entity2951 was 6% at 25 ng/ml, 6% at 500 ng/ml, and 9% at 800 ng/ml. Similar values for inter- and intra-assay precision were experimentally obtained for both @entity39278 and @entity43702 . The analysis of selected pepper spray products demonstrated that the @entity38853 concentration in the products ranged from 0.7 to 40.5 microg/microl.

title: Determination of @entity2951 , XXXX , and @entity43702 in self-defense weapons by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity39278 :: ('MESH:C012906', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrocapsaicin']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity43702 :: ('MESH:C040937', 'Chemical') :: ['nonivamide']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity38853 :: ('CHEBI:46931', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicinoid', 'capsaicinoids']

answer: @entity39278 :: (MESH:C012906,Chemical) :: ['dihydrocapsaicin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 having @entity764 sometimes suffer from vocal fold @entity912 . Treatment for vocal fold @entity912 is important for such @entity1 , because vocal fold @entity912 causes lack of the versatility of the @entity1 voice which is essential for our communication. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 suffering from unilateral vocal fold @entity912 were treated with vocal fold injections of collagen. Three @entity1 received twice, and 20 treatments were conducted. A flexible bronchofiberscope was used under local anesthesia in order to observe the whole procedure of vocal fold injection. Using an injector and a long needle, collagen was injected with transcutaneous technique mainly through the cricothyroid membrane. The amount of collagen was determined with bronchoscopic findings. RESULTS: During and after treatment, no complication was observed. Of 20 treatments, a marked improvement was observed in 8, and moderate improvement was observed in 9 treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Vocal fold injection of collagen is a very useful and safe treatment for unilateral vocal fold @entity912 caused by @entity764 .

title: Vocal fold injection of collagen for unilateral vocal fold XXXX caused by @entity764 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest diseases', 'malignant chest diseases']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate intra- and post-operative risk using the American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification which is an important predictor of an intervention and of the entire operating programme. STUDY DESIGN: In this retrospective study, 4435 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective and emergency surgery at the Gynaecological Clinic of the University Hospital of Zurich were included. The ASA classification for pre-operative risk assessment was determined by an anaesthesiologist after a thorough physical examination. We observed several pre-, intra- and post-operative parameters, such as age, body-mass-index, duration of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, @entity190 , duration of post-operative stay, complicated post-operative course, morbidity and mortality. The investigation of different risk factors was achieved by a multiple linear regression model for log-transformed duration of hospitalisation. RESULTS: Age and @entity28 were responsible for a higher ASA classification. ASA grade correlates with the duration of anaesthesia and the duration of the surgery itself. There was a significant difference in @entity190 between ASA grades I (113+/-195 ml) and III (222+/-470 ml) and between classes II (176+/-432 ml) and III. The duration of post-operative hospitalisation could also be correlated with ASA class. ASA class I=1.7+/-3.0 days, ASA class II=3.6+/-4.3 days, ASA class III=6.8+/-8.2 days, and ASA class IV=6.2+/-3.9 days. The mean post-operative in-hospital stay was 2.5+/-4.0 days without complications, and 8.7+/-6.7 days with @entity532 . Multiple linear regression model showed that not only the ASA classification contained an important information for the duration of hospitalisation. Parameters such as age, class of diagnosis, @entity532 , etc. also have an influence on the duration of hospitalisation. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the ASA classification can be used as a good and early available predictor for the planning of an intervention in gynaecological surgery. The ASA classification helps the surgeon to assess the peri-operative risk profile of which important information can be derived for the planning of the operation programme.

title: Interrelation of peri-operative morbidity and ASA class assignment in XXXX undergoing gynaecological surgery.

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study, for the first time, service utilization and costs in @entity239 , a @entity14748 associated with high levels of @entity158 , and @entity147 . METHODS: Five hundred thirty-eight @entity239 @entity1 from 6 rheumatology centers were enrolled in a 7-year prospective study of @entity239 outcome. @entity1 were assessed every 6 months with validated, mailed questionnaires which included questions regarding @entity239 symptoms and severity, utilization of services, and @entity717 . RESULTS: @entity239 @entity1 averaged almost 10 outpatient medical visits per year, and when nontraditional treatments were considered, this number increased to approximately 1 visit per month. @entity1 were hospitalized at a rate of 1 hospitalization every 3 years. In each 6-month study period, @entity1 used a mean of 2.7 @entity239 -related drugs. Costs increased over the course of the study. The mean yearly per- @entity1 cost in 1996 dollars was  2,274. However, results were skewed by high utilizers, and many @entity1 used few services and had limited costs. Total costs and utilization were independently associated with the number of self-reported comorbid or associated conditions, functional disability, and global disease severity. Compared with @entity1 with other @entity627 , those with @entity239 were more likely to have lifetime surgical interventions, including back or neck surgery, appendectomy, carpal tunnel surgery, gynecologic surgery, abdominal surgery, and tonsillectomy, and were more likely than other @entity627 @entity1 to report comorbid or associated conditions. Almost 50% of hospitalizations occurring during the study were related to @entity239 -associated symptoms. CONCLUSION: The average yearly cost for service utilization among @entity239 @entity1 is  2,274. @entity239 @entity1 have high lifetime and current rates of utilization of all types of medical services. They report more symptoms and comorbid or associated conditions than @entity1 with other @entity627 , and symptom reporting is linked to service utilization and, to a lesser extent, functional disability and global disease severity.

title: A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of service utilization and costs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14748 :: ('MESH:C563626', 'Disease') :: ['prevalent syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic conditions', 'rheumatic disease', 'rheumatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, functional disability']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia']


abstract: Cytokines have been implicated in the pathophysiology and development of @entity358 such as @entity378 and @entity370 . In particular, the numbers of cells expressing @entity1198 -type cytokines such as @entity379 and IL-12 are increased within the lungs of @entity1 with these @entity738 . As a factor promoting the commitment of naive lymphocytes to a @entity1198 -type profile of cytokine expression, IL-12 may be pivotal in the cascade of proinflammatory events within the airways. In this study, we examined the expression of the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) mRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from @entity1 with @entity1907 (n = 6) and active @entity10070 (n = 6), and from allergic asthmatics (n = 6) and normal control subjects (n = 6). Bronchoscopy with BAL was undertaken, and cell cytospins were examined using the technique of in situ hybridization. There was a significant increase in the numbers of cells expressing mRNA for both @entity8652 and beta(2) subunits of the IL-12R in active @entity10070 (p < 0.02, p < 0.01, respectively) and @entity1907 (p < 0.01, p < 0.005, respectively) compared with normal control subjects. In contrast, the allergic @entity748 @entity1 exhibited a significant decrease in the number of IL-12R mRNA-positive cells (both @entity8652 and beta(2) subunits (p < 0.01, p < 0.005, respectively), compared with the normal control subjects. These @entity1 did, however, exhibit a significant increase in @entity9597 mRNA, which was not evident in those with either @entity378 or @entity370 when compared with normal subjects (p < 0.05). Colocalization studies demonstrated that CD8+ve cells are a principal site for the expression of IL-12R in @entity378 . In @entity370 , IL-12R was expressed both on CD4+ve and CD8+ve cells. The increased expression of receptors for IL-12 in @entity738 such as @entity1907 and @entity370 provides evidence supporting the commitment of lymphocytes to a @entity1198 -type cytokine profile in vivo.

title: Increased expression of IL-12 receptor mRNA in XXXX and @entity370 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'active pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['active pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA), previously called @entity2883 , is a small @entity1333 often associated with clinical head and neck manifestations, which are sometimes the presenting symptoms of the disease. The aim of our study was to identify ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations associated with GPA and propose a work-up for the management and diagnosis for @entity1 with suspicion or confirmed diagnosis of this ENT pathology. @entity1 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of all @entity1 diagnosed with GPA who were seen at the Department of Otolaryngology from a tertiary public hospital in Cantabria (Spain) over a 20-year period. Clinical and laboratory data, in particular those concerning ENT manifestations, were retrieved from the @entity1 ' medical records. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (age range: 30-81 years) were included in the study. Of these, 88% had ENT manifestations at some point in the course of the disease. In 28% of the cases, ENT features were the presenting manifestations. The most frequent ENT manifestations were sinonasal symptoms (52%), followed by otological manifestations (32%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with GPA often present with clinical ENT manifestations. Consequently, routine ENT physical examination must be performed in @entity1 with suspected @entity1333 to establish a diagnosis of GPA or to better determine the degree of organ system involvement in @entity1 with GPA.

title: [Ear, nose and throat manifestations of @entity2883 ( XXXX with @entity2883 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vessel vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatosis', "Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: @entity18871 ( @entity18871 ) is regarded as a @entity5 of unknown aetiology. Due to its fibrovascular architecture the @entity5 component have been in the focus of most studies. This investigation aimed at characterizing inflammatory cells in JAs by immunohistochemical stainings and western blot analysis. Number and type of mast cells as well as T-lymphocytes were evaluated in a series of 10 JAs and 5 nasal mucosa (NM) specimens used as control tissue. A remarkable number of mast cells were found in JAs (14.6% of all cells). By using a combination of the mast cell markers @entity3920 three distinct mast cell populations could be identified: 12% expressed tryptase (T+) only, 3% stained for @entity3920 (C+) only, and 85% were positive for both @entity3920 (TC+). Western blot analysis supported finding of remarkable expression of the mast cell markers tryptase and @entity3920 in JAs and indicated for both proteins similar but also different molecular weights than being observed in NM. Furthermore an infiltration of the @entity5 by @entity404 - and @entity405 -positive T-lymphocytes (15.4% of all cells) was evident in immunofluorescent stainings. Compared to NM, a significantly higher number of TC+ (6.9% in JAs versus 2.7% in NM) and @entity405 -positive (9.7% in JAs versus 5.8% in NM) cells were found in the @entity5 tissue. Thus, mast cells and T-lymphocytes were identified as predominant cell types in JAs representing 30% of the cells in the @entity5 specimens analysed. Regarding these observations JAs are certainly not only built up by vascular cells and fibrous stroma cells. High rates of inflammatory cells like mast cells and T-lymphocytes have to be considered in this @entity5 .

title: Mast cells and T-lymphocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3920 :: ('1215', 'Gene') :: ['chymase', 'tryptase and chymase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'fibrous and vascular tumour', 'benign fibrovascular tumour']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile angiofibroma', 'JA']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['juvenile angiofibromas']


abstract: @entity359 is a benign @entity5 composed of varying admixtures of blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, and adipose tissue. Because of an increased risk of spontaneous @entity548 , surgical approach is needed greater than 4-8   cm size. We here report our partial nephrectomy experience in the 24   cm size @entity359 . 26-year-old @entity1 referred to our clinic with a 24   cm size @entity359 in her lower pole of right kidney. The inferior vena cava was deviated to the left by the mass. All the blood tests were normal and we offered her the choices of partial nephrectomy or nephrectomy. Right subcostal approach was used. The @entity1 underwent resection of the mass with a safety region of 1   cm. Frozen section evaluation was consistent with @entity359 and free for surgical margin. Warm @entity63 time was 35   min. and intraoperative @entity548 volume was 200   cc. Postoperative 2nd day the drain was taken and hospital stay was 4 days. In literature we observed very rare @entity359 cases with such a large dimension treated by partial nephrectomy without @entity1416 . If technically suitable partial nephrectomy is the main chioce in this kind of benign lesions in young @entity1 .

title: The Role of Partial Nephrectomy without XXXX in Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['giant angiomyolipoma', 'Angiomyolipoma', 'angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['Arterial Embolization']


abstract: Both @entity11460 and @entity1911 are characterized by an abnormal @entity2922 secretion, e.g. a reduced secretion in @entity11460 , and an excessive stimulation in @entity1911 resulting in @entity409 and in adrenergic hyperactivity, respectively. The relationship between extreme variations in circulating @entity2661 and beta-adrenergic receptor activity was studied in two @entity1 with severe @entity551 ( @entity11460 ) and in a @entity1 with @entity1911 with excessive spontaneous @entity2922 increases using the lymphocyte @entity2162 assay. In both @entity1 with @entity11460 , basal plasma concentrations of @entity1425 and @entity935 were low under resting conditions and could not be stimulated in the upright position. @entity1063 was low in the first @entity1 , and could not be stimulated; whereas the second @entity1 had a normal basal concentration of @entity1063 , which could be moderately stimulated. There was no beta-adrenoceptor abnormality in the first @entity1 : however, in the second @entity1 , there were no measurable beta-adrenoceptors on membrane fractions, whereas a population of receptors only in the low affinity state could be identified on intact cells. Alpha-adrenoceptor density on thrombocyte membranes was slightly increased in both @entity1 with @entity11460 and showed no substantial change during upright posture. @entity2922 increases in the @entity1911 @entity1 were accompanied by a rise in blood pressure, @entity1168 , and an acute up-regulation of beta-adrenoceptors. Plasma concentrations of @entity268 paralleled the increase in receptor density and blood pressure. The findings in @entity1911 add support to the theory that an acute @entity2922 stimulation gives rise to an acute beta-adrenergic sensitization leading to blood pressure elevation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Beta-adrenergic blood pressure regulation in XXXX and @entity1911 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['adrenergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Norepinephrine', 'norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']

answer: @entity11460 :: (MESH:D012791,Disease) :: ['Shy-Drager syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal vein system @entity715 (PVST) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication after laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD) in @entity1 with @entity101 . The objective of this study was to investigate the safety and effectiveness of @entity1229 with a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0-2.5 for the prevention of PVST after LSD. Hitherto, this is the first study to assess the use of @entity1229 in this field. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed a database of 73 consecutive @entity1 who underwent LSD from January 2013 to September 2014. @entity1 were categorized into the @entity1229 group (34 @entity1 ) and the @entity117 group (39 @entity1 ). The INR and incidence of PSVT were monitored for 90 days. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity117 group, the @entity1229 group had a lower incidence of PVST on postoperative day (POD) 30 [17/34 (50.0%) versus 29/39 (74.4%); P   =   .032] and POD 90 [8/34 (23.5%) versus 30/39 (76.9%); P   <   .0001] and @entity715 ( @entity715 ) on POD 90 [3 (8.8%) versus 13 (33.3%); P   =   .012]. From POD 30 to 90, the @entity1229 group achieved more complete recanalization of PVST [9/17 (52.9%) versus 3/29 (10.3%), P   =   .005] and @entity715 [9/12 (75.0%) versus 3/12 (25.0%), P   =   .039]. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity1229 was an independent protective factor for PVST at POD 90 (relative risk, 0.027; 95% confidence interval, 0.004-0.168; P   <   .001). No @entity1 developed @entity548 complications. CONCLUSIONS: Anticoagulation therapy with @entity1229 is safe and effective for the prevention of PVST in cirrhotic @entity1 with portal @entity101 after LSD.

title: Anticoagulation Therapy with @entity1229 Versus Low-Dose @entity117 Prevents XXXX After Laparoscopic Splenectomy and Azygoportal Disconnection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhotic portal hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['main portal vein thrombosis', 'MPVT', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['Portal Vein Thrombosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transport of fluid and electrolytes in the intestine allows for appropriate adjustments in luminal fluidity while reclaiming water used in digesting and absorbing a meal, and is closely regulated. This article discusses various endogenous and exogenous mechanisms whereby transport is controlled in the gut, placing these in the context of the ideas about the neurohumoral control of alimentary physiology that were promulgated by William Bayliss and Ernest @entity10805 . The article considers three themes. First, mechanisms that intrinsically regulate @entity2865 secretion, centred on the @entity38578 ( @entity38578 ), are discussed. These may be important in ensuring that excessive @entity2865 secretion, with the accompanying @entity393 , is not normally stimulated by intestinal distension as the meal passes through the gastrointestinal tract. Second, mechanisms whereby probiotic microorganisms can impart beneficial effects on the gut are described, with a focus on targets at the level of the epithelium. These findings imply that the commensal microbiota exert important influences on the epithelium in health and disease. Finally, mechanisms that lead to @entity294 in @entity1 infected with an invasive pathogen, @entity5746 , are considered, based on recent studies in a novel @entity19 model. @entity294 is most likely attributable to reduced expression of absorptive transporters and may not require the influx of neutrophils that accompanies @entity281 . Overall, the goal of the article is to highlight the many ways in which critical functions of the intestinal epithelium are regulated under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and to suggest possible targets for new therapies for digestive disease states.

title: Endogenous and exogenous control of gastrointestinal epithelial function: building on the legacy of Bayliss and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity38578 :: ('106860008', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFr']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea', 'Diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of fluid']

answer: @entity10805 :: (9172,Species) :: ['Starling']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in genes encoding transport proteins and metabolizing enzymes involved in @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) disposition may be important sources of individual variability during treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined @entity5322 and @entity5396 variants, using a @entity5322 /5 genetic score, and @entity1262 polymorphisms on therapeutic @entity5467 monitoring and their relationship with clinical outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Brazilian kidney transplant recipients (n=151), who received @entity5467 over 3 months after transplantation, were genotyped for @entity5322 @entity36478 ( @entity36479 ), @entity5396 @entity36480 ( @entity36481 ) and @entity5469 ( @entity5466 ), @entity1262 @entity18595 ( @entity7656 ), @entity18599 ( @entity18598 ), and @entity18597 ( @entity36482 ) polymorphisms. RESULTS: Frequencies of @entity5322 g.20230A, @entity5396 g.31611C, and g.6986A were 0.37, 0.26, and 0.28, respectively. These alleles were associated with @entity5467 rapid metabolization and were used for @entity5322 /5 genetic score construction. A higher @entity5322 /5 genetic score was associated with higher @entity5467 dose and lower concentrations for dose administered (Co/D, P<0.05). Ninety days after transplantation, the presence of two or more rapid metabolization alleles contributed toward 27.7% of Co/D variability and was associated with a lower estimated glomerular filtration rate values (P<0.05). For @entity1262 , the frequencies of c.1236T, c.3435T, and @entity36483 alleles were 0.42, 0.42, and 0.33/0.04. At 30 days after transplantation, @entity1 carrying @entity1262 c.1236TT+c.3435TT+( @entity36484 ) genotypes had higher @entity5467 Co/D than those with common or heterozygous genotypes (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results show the impact of the @entity5322 /5 genetic score on @entity5467 exposure and renal function in Brazilian @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity1262 polymorphisms, in a combined analysis, influenced @entity5467 Co/D at 30 days after transplantation.

title: Influence of the @entity5322 /5 genetic score and XXXX polymorphisms on @entity1140 exposure and renal function in Brazilian kidney transplant @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1262 :: (5243,Gene) :: ['ABCB1']


abstract: Non-adherence with antidepressant medication regimens is now recognised as a substantial problem when evaluating @entity308 outcome. Given the behavioural demands of light treatment (LT), it might be expected that non-adherence would be even more pronounced in LT, a form of intervention for @entity7383 ( @entity7383 ). However, little research has focused upon the extent to which @entity1 in light treatment protocols adhere to set regimens. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity7383 were allocated to either treatment with bright white light (intervention) or dim red light (control condition) in a four-week protocol. Light exposure was estimated automatically (without @entity1 ' knowledge) with elapsed time meters built into the light box. Daily diaries were also used to measure self-reported light box use. @entity1 were instructed to use the light box for 30 min each day during week 1, 45 during week 2 and one hour during weeks 3 and 4 (total duration of prescribed light exposure 1365 min). The results indicated that mean duration of light box operation for the entire sample was 59.3% of the prescribed 1365 min. Six of nineteen (31.6%) @entity1 dropped out of treatment. Amongst those completing treatment, adherence to the prescribed duration of exposure averaged 83.3% (S.D.=31.4). A trend was found for the intervention condition to generate a lower dropout rate, as well as a trend for the degree of adherence to be greater in the intervention condition. Importantly, there was no association between adherence as measured automatically and the higher rates of self-reported adherence as measured in diaries. In summary, the results of this pilot study suggest that adherence with light treatment is of a similar order of magnitude to antidepressant medication adherence. @entity1 self-report was found to be unrelated to objectively estimated duration of light box use, a finding with significant research and clinical implications. Future research studies should routinely measure and evaluate adherence with light therapy and evidence-based techniques for maximising treatment adherence should be incorporated into routine clinical practice.

title: A pilot study of adherence with light treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity7383 :: ('MESH:D016574', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal affective disorder', 'SAD']

answer: @entity7383 :: (MESH:D016574,Disease) :: ['seasonal affective disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9052 including North American @entity9052 (Panax quinquefolius L.) is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. Its success is thought to be due to a diverse collection of @entity13885 that serve as its major bioactive compounds. However, few genomic resources exist and the details concerning its various biosynthetic pathways remain poorly understood. As the root is the primary tissue harvested commercially for @entity13885 , next generation sequencing was applied to the characterization and assembly of the root transcriptome throughout seasonal development. Transcripts showing homology to @entity14742 biosynthesis enzymes were profiled in greater detail. RESULTS: RNA extracts from root samples from seven development stages of North American @entity9052 were subjected to 454 sequencing, filtered for quality and used in the de novo assembly of a collective root reference transcriptome consisting of 41,623 transcripts. Annotation efforts using a number of public databases resulted in detailed annotation information for 34,801 (84%) transcripts. In addition, 3,955 genes were assigned to metabolic pathways using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Among our results, we found all of the known enzymes involved in the @entity14742 backbone biosynthesis and used co-expression analysis to identify a number of candidate sequences involved in the latter stages @entity14742 biosynthesis pathway. Transcript profiles suggest @entity14742 biosynthesis occurs at distinct stages of development. CONCLUSIONS: The assembly generated provides a comprehensive annotated reference for future transcriptomic study of North American @entity9052 . A collection of putative @entity14742 biosynthesis genes were identified and candidate genes predicted from the lesser understood downstream stages of biosynthesis. Transcript expression profiles across seasonal development suggest a primary dammarane-type @entity14742 biosynthesis occurs just prior to plant senescence, with secondary @entity14742 production occurring throughout development. Data from the study provide a valuable resource for conducting future @entity14742 biosynthesis research in this important medicinal plant.

title: The root transcriptome for North American XXXX assembled and profiled across seasonal development.

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['Ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity14742 :: ('CHEBI:74978', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenoside']

entities_list: @entity13885 :: ('MESH:D036145', 'Chemical') :: ['ginsenosides']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['ginseng']


abstract: Twenty-one cases of @entity64 of @entity12539 vaccination (with suckling @entity19 brain vaccine), 11 of them fatal, were observed, occurring predominantly in @entity1 ; the mean age of the @entity1 was 29 years. On the average, 13 doses of the vaccine were used. Only three @entity1 received less than seven doses. The mean latent period was 14 days (range, 4 to 24 days). In 16 @entity1 (76%), a @entity5011 occurred that was moderate in three, severe in seven, and fatal in six. Pathologically, this was shown to be a typical @entity8954 . Five @entity1 had fatal involvement of the central nervous system. Three had an acute disseminated perivenous @entity62 , with concurrent @entity12539 in one case. One @entity1 had a perivenous @entity13890 and one a chronic @entity35423 of six years' duration with demyelinating plaques in the periventricular white matter, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Since the reduction of postexposure @entity12539 vaccination to seven doses, no new cases have been observed in Colombia.

title: XXXX of antirabies vaccination with suckling @entity19 brain vaccine. Clinical and pathologic study of 21 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['neuroparalytic accidents']

entities_list: @entity35423 :: ('MESH:C563024', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelopathy']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuritis']

entities_list: @entity12539 :: ('MESH:D011818', 'Disease') :: ['rabies encephalitis', 'rabies']

entities_list: @entity13890 :: ('MESH:D020818', 'Disease') :: ['myeloradiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Neuroparalytic accidents']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the factors associated to mortality caused by @entity2259 due to @entity526 and @entity4005 spp. producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ( @entity25323 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study, including 85 @entity1 older than 16 and diagnosed with @entity2259 by @entity526 or @entity4005 spp., hospitalized between 2006 and 2008 in Cayetano Heredia National Hospital. Cohorts were classified according to the @entity25323 production following blood culture results. Factors associated to gross and attributable mortality were evaluated using the Poisson regression in a multivariate model, through which adjusted relative risks (ARRs) were obtained. Mortality curves were also built. RESULTS: 35.3% of @entity2259 cases were caused by @entity25323 -producing strains. The analysis of gross mortality showed a higher mortality rate in the group with @entity25323 producing strains (63.3%), ARR being 1.5 (CI 95%: 1.02-2.3). In the case of the attributable mortality, the proportion was also higher (63.3%), ARR being 1.9 (CI 95%: 1.2-2.9). The use of a central venous catheter was another factor associated to both gross mortality (ARR= 2.4; CI 95%: 1.2-4.8) and attributable mortality (ARR= 3.8; CI 95%: 1.6-8.8). CONCLUSIONS: The production of @entity25323 is an independent risk factor for @entity2259 mortality caused by @entity526 and @entity4005 spp. Its presence should be evaluated following diagnosis consideration and initial therapy elaboration, which could in turn decrease the mortality by this cause.

title: [Mortality caused by @entity2259 XXXX and @entity4005 spp. extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- producers: a retrospective cohort from a hospital in Lima, Peru].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Conventional anthropometry using photographs has been widely used, but it does not provide accurate length. For upper lip asymmetry analysis, three-dimensional photographic system (3D VECTRA; Canfield, Fairfield, NJ) was used to calculate the ratio of cleft-side and noncleft-side curvature lengths. Thirty @entity1 with @entity3384 were analyzed. Three-dimensional photographic system was used to calculate the length ratio of upper lip of cleft and noncleft sides. In addition, two-dimensional photographs were analyzed by 10 plastic surgeons, and upper lip asymmetry was scored using a @entity227 ( @entity227 ). Pearson analysis was used to identify relations between the ratios and the @entity227 scores. Intrarater reliability for the @entity227 scores ranged from 0.653 to 0.925, and interrater reliability was 0.611. Pearson correlation coefficients for each ratio and the @entity227 score were 0.412 (P = 0.024) for cleft-side to noncleft-side curvature length ratio of Cupid   s bow, 0.250 (P = 0.182) for cleft-side to noncleft-side curvature length ratio from the commissure to the lowest point of the nasal ala, 0.214 (P = 0.018) for linear length ratio of Cupid   s bow, and 0.356 (P = 0.153) for linear length ratio from the commissure to the lowest point of the nasal ala. Analysis of upper lip asymmetry in @entity3384 @entity1 using the three-dimensional photographic system is more accurate than two-dimensional anthropometry. Horizontal curvature length ratio was the most strongly correlated with @entity227 score.

title: Upper lip asymmetry perception using three-dimensional anthropometry in XXXX with @entity3384 .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: GMP affects vascular tone by multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase-mediated @entity141 sensitization, a process identified as @entity141 desensitization. @entity141 desensitization is mediated probably by both @entity6708 - and @entity268 -dependent protein kinases ( @entity18927 and PKA). We investigate to which extent @entity141 desensitization is initiated by @entity18927 and PKA. @entity6708 / @entity268 -induced relaxation was studied at constant [ @entity141 ] in permeabilized aortas from wild-type and @entity18927 -deficient @entity19 . [ @entity141 ] increased aortic tone in the absence and presence of 50 microM GTPgammaS with EC(50) values of 160 and 30 nM, respectively. In the absence of @entity2164 , the EC(50) for [ @entity141 ] was shifted rightward from 0.16 microM to 0.43 and 0.82 microM by 1 and 300 microM @entity8263 ( @entity11255 ), and to 8 microM by 10 microM Y-27632. Contractions induced by 300 nM [ @entity141 ] were relaxed by @entity11255 with an EC(50) of 2.6 microM. Surprisingly, [ @entity141 ]-induced contractions were also relaxed by @entity11255 in aortas from @entity18927 (-/-) @entity19 (EC(50) of 19 microM). Western blot analysis of the vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein indicated "cross"-activation of PKA by 1 mM @entity11255 in aortic smooth muscle cells from @entity18927 (-/-) @entity19 . Indeed, the PKA inhibitor peptide (PKI 5-24) completely abolished the relaxant effect of @entity11255 in muscles from @entity18927 (-/-) @entity19 and to 65% in wild-type aortas. The @entity2871 analogue U-46619 induced contraction at constant [ @entity141 ], which was only partially relaxed by @entity11255 but completely relaxed by @entity12223 . The effect of @entity11255 on @entity2872 -induced contraction was attenuated by PKI 5-24. These results show that @entity18927 has only a small inhibitory effect on @entity141 sensitization in @entity19 aortas.

title: XXXX signals mainly through @entity268 kinase in permeabilized @entity19 aorta.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity2164 :: ('MESH:D016244', 'Chemical') :: ['GTPgammaS']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the haemostatic efficacy and safety of the LigaSure vessel sealing system in major @entity135 surgery. METHODS: This two-year, prospective study included 34 @entity1 who underwent major @entity135 surgery at a university hospital. The LigaSure Precise handpiece and LigaSure 8 vessel sealing system were utilised as the primary means of haemostasis, except when sealing vessels larger than 7 mm in diameter. Surgical outcomes were evaluated. In addition, in each @entity1 the diameter of the largest vein and artery sealed (all were >2 mm) was measured before sealing. RESULTS: In all cases except one (33/34 @entity1 ), a sutureless technique was performed. @entity548 was observed in two cases. Thirty veins and 22 arteries were measured. The mean diameter of the largest sealed vein was 3.8 mm, while that of the largest sealed artery was 2.7 mm. CONCLUSION: Our experience indicates that the surgical technique described is safe and effective. The main advantages of the LigaSure system are that it simplifies the procedure and eliminates the need for clips and suture ligations.

title: Utility of the LigaSure vessel sealing system during major XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Post-operative bleeding']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunological prevention of @entity5 has been obtained in @entity7171 @entity19 using a vaccine that combines 3 different immune stimuli (Triplex vaccine) that is repeatedly administered for the entire lifespan of the host (Chronic protocol). Biological experiments leave open the question of whether the Chronic protocol is indeed the minimal vaccination schedule affording 100% protection, or whether shorter protocols could be applied that would result in the same efficacy. A biological solution would require an enormous number of experiments, each lasting at least one year. Therefore we approached this problem by developing a simulator (SimTriplex) which describes the immune response activated by Triplex vaccine. This simulator, tested against in vivo experiments on @entity7171 @entity19 , reproduces all the vaccination protocols used in the in vivo experiments. The simulator should describe any vaccination protocol within the tested range. A possible solution to the former open question using a minimal search strategy based on a genetic algorithm is presented. This is the first step toward a more general approach of biological or clinical constraints for the search of an effective vaccination schedule. RESULTS: The results suggest that the Chronic protocol included a good number of redundant vaccine administrations, and that maximal protection could still be obtained with a number of vaccinations approximately 40% less than with the Chronic protocol. CONCLUSION: This approach may have important connotations with regard to translation of @entity5 immunopreventive approaches to @entity1 situations, in which it is desirable to minimize the number of vaccinations. We are currently setting up experiments in @entity19 to test whether the actual effectiveness of the vaccination protocol agrees with the genetic algorithm.

title: Discovery of XXXX vaccination protocols with a genetic algorithm driving an agent based simulator.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']