abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity356 were treated with combination chemotherapy prior to transhiatal esophagectomy. The clinical response to chemotherapy was determined by obtaining measurements of the vertical length of @entity5 , @entity5 depth, lumen size, and extent of ulceration on serial biphasic contrast esophagrams. Response was defined as a greater than 50% decrease in the sum of the products of the maximum vertical length and depth of the @entity5 mass. To obtain an assessment of the accuracy of the radiographically determined @entity5 measurements the esophagram results were correlated with surgical @entity5 measurements in 19 @entity1 . The technique of esophagram and the determination of @entity5 measurements were standardized by having one radiologist perform and interpret all studies. All @entity1 were clinically staged using the TNM classification system of the American Joint Commission on @entity5 Staging. Three @entity1 had T1 lesions, fifteen were classified as T2, and four as @entity75 . Radiographic measurements of the @entity5 from the preoperative esophagram were correlated with the surgical pathologic specimen in five @entity1 prospectively and 14 @entity1 retrospectively. Response was seen in nine @entity1 . The radiographically measured vertical length of the @entity5 was within 1 cm of the surgical specimen measurement in four of five (80%) prospectively evaluated @entity1 and in nine of 14 (64%) retrospectively evaluated @entity1 . These results suggest that chemotherapy-induced @entity5 regression can be objectively evaluated with a reasonable degree of accuracy using serial biphasic esophagrams.

title: Evaluation of response to preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal and XXXX cancer using biphasic esophagrams and surgical-pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'esophageal tumor', 'Cancer', 'pathologic tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['T3 lesions']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cardia']


abstract: @entity65 constitute major cause of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). We examined the effects of angiotensin inhibition either with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or with angiotensin receptor blocker on @entity1 prognosis and heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (haPWV) in @entity740 . Randomized controlled study was performed on 102 @entity1 with @entity2316 . @entity1 were divided into two groups with or without angiotensin inhibition, and followed until @entity204 , @entity1011 clearance was halved or starting renal replacement therapy, whichever occurred first. For 4 years, haPWV was assessed repeatedly in the surviving @entity1 . While both groups showed well blood pressure control throughout 4 years (129+/-1 to 131+/-2/71+/-1 to 73+/-2 mm Hg), renal prognosis was better in angiotensin inhibition group (P<0.05). In addition, angiotensin @entity65 (P<0.05). Age, sex, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and @entity644 were correlated to haPWV (R(2)=0.76, P<0.0001). Although haPWV was similar between two groups at the start of the study (1098+/-31 vs 1094+/-37 cm/s), it was higher in @entity1 without angiotensin inhibition than that with angiotensin inhibition 4 years later (1034+/-38 cm/s (n=28) vs 1242+/-37 cm/s (n=23), P<0.01). The present results provided the evidence that angiotensin inhibition arrested a time-dependent elevation of haPWV in @entity2316 , conferring organ protection. Furthermore, our data indicated that angiotensin inhibition improved @entity1 prognosis in @entity2316 with mild-to-moderate @entity8 .

title: Vascular compliance is secured under angiotensin inhibition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetic CKDs', 'non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['death in chronic kidney diseases', 'CKDs']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition reduced cardiovascular and renal death', 'Cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['non-diabetic chronic kidney diseases']


abstract: This study describes the first complete in vitro error specificity analysis of a mutator DNA polymerase that is altered in a residue not predicted to contact either the DNA or @entity42636 substrate. We examined this mutator form of polymerase beta ( @entity55856 ) in order to elucidate the critical role @entity669 265 plays in the accuracy of DNA synthesis. Our results demonstrate that an increase in both frame shift errors in homonucleotide repeat sequences and base substitution errors contribute nearly equally to the @entity55856 mutator phenotype. The models described for production of these errors, primer/template misalignment and base misincorporation, respectively, are distinctly different, suggesting the @entity55856 alteration affects discrimination against both types of error production pathways. In addition, @entity55856 displays a 530-fold increase in multiple errors within the 203-base pair target region examined, relative to that of wild type. Processivity studies revealed that @entity55856 retains the near distributive nature of DNA synthesis characteristic of the wild type polymerase beta. Therefore, multiple errors exhibited by @entity55856 most likely result from independent polymerase binding events. Localization of @entity669 265 in the X-ray crystallographic structure suggests this residue may play a role in mediating a conformational change of the polymerase [Pelletier, H., et al. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 12742-12761]. A conformational change is predicted to enhance the accuracy of DNA synthesis by imposing an induced fit selection against premutational intermediates. The observed loss of discrimination against both misalignment-mediated and misincorporation-mediated errors produced by polymerase @entity55856 is consistent with such a model.

title: The mutator form of polymerase beta with amino acid substitution at XXXX 265 in the hinge region displays an increase in both base substitution and frame shift errors.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Marine @entity10876 -containing cyanobacteria are major contributors to the overall productivity of the oceans. The present study indicates that the structural genes of the @entity505 assimilatory system are unusually arranged and possess a unique primary structure compared to previously studied cyanobacteria. Southern blot analyses of @entity54244 chromosomal DNA digests, using the @entity9578 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit gene from @entity35139 as a heterologous probe, revealed the presence of a 6.4 kb HindIII fragment that was detectable at only low stringency. Three complete open reading frames (ORFs) were detected within this fragment. Two of these ORFs potentially encode the @entity54244 rbcL and rbcS genes. The third ORF, situated immediately upstream from rbcL, potentially encodes a homologue of the ccmK gene from @entity14221 . The deduced @entity535 sequences of each of these ORFs are more similar to homologues among the beta/gamma purple bacteria than to existing cyanobacterial homologues and phylogenetic analysis of the Rubisco large and small subunit sequences confirmed an unexpected relationship to sequences from among the beta/gamma purple bacteria. This is the first instance in which the possibility has been considered that an operon encoding three genes involved in @entity505 fixation may have been laterally transferred from a purple bacterium. Analysis of mRNA extracted from cells grown under diel conditions indicated that rbcL, rbcS and ccmK were regulated at the transcriptional level; specifically Rubisco transcripts were highest during the midday period, decreased at later times during the light period and eventually reached a level where they were all but undetectable during the dark period. Primer extension analysis indicated that the ccmK, rbcL and rbcS genes were co-transcribed.

title: Regulation, unique gene organization, and unusual primary structure of XXXX fixation genes from a marine @entity10876 -containing cyanobacterium.

entities_list: @entity35139 :: ('269084', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus sp. strain PCC6301']

entities_list: @entity54244 :: ('32051', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus sp. strain WH7803']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity9578 :: ('MESH:C001933', 'Chemical') :: ['ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity10876 :: ('MESH:D010799', 'Chemical') :: ['phycoerythrin']

entities_list: @entity14221 :: ('1140', 'Species') :: ['Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Two LysR-type transcriptional regulators, BenM and CatM, control @entity10555 consumption by the soil bacterium @entity22760 . These homologs play overlapping roles in the expression of multiple genes. This study focuses on the benABCDE operon, which initiates @entity10555 catabolism. At this locus, BenM and CatM each activate transcription in response to the catabolite @entity22761 . BenM, but not CatM, additionally responds to @entity10555 as an effector. Regulation by CatM alone is insufficient for growth on @entity10555 as the sole @entity505 source. However, three point mutations independently increased CatM-activated benA transcription and enabled growth on @entity10555 without BenM. Two mutations generate variants with one @entity535 change in the 303-residue CatM, CatM( @entity27510 ) and CatM( @entity22762 ). These substitutions affected regulation of benA differently than that of catB, another CatM-regulated gene involved in @entity10555 catabolism. In relation to CatM, CatM( @entity27510 ) increased @entity22761 -dependent transcription of benA but decreased that of catB. CatM( @entity22762 ) increased effector-independent expression of catB compared to CatM. In contrast, @entity22761 was required with CatM( @entity22762 ) to activate unusually high benA expression. Thus, induction by @entity22761 depends on both the sequence of CatM and the promoter. A point mutation at position -40 of the benA promoter enhanced CatM-activated gene expression and altered regulation by CatM( @entity22762 ). BenM and CatM bound to the same locations on ben region DNA. The frequency with which spontaneous mutations allow CatM to substitute for BenM might predict that one regulator would be sufficient for controlling @entity10555 consumption. This prediction is discussed in light of current and previous studies of the BenM-CatM regulon.

title: CatM regulation of the benABCDE operon: functional divergence of two LysR-type paralogs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22760 :: ('62977', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1']

entities_list: @entity22761 :: ('MESH:C005939', 'Chemical') :: ['cis,cis-muconate']

answer: @entity22760 :: (62977,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize how @entity1 with @entity3509 are managed initially at our facility and to determine how " @entity146 " treatments (eg, no drainage, repeat thoracentesis, or tube thoracostomy) affect short-term outcomes (ie, inpatient mortality and the need for a second intervention) compared to "more aggressive" treatments (eg, intrapleural fibrinolytic agents, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, or other surgery). We will also assess whether earlier diagnosis, earlier antibiotic treatment, fewer @entity1 comorbidities, and consulting appropriate services improve mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective chart analysis. SETTING: County teaching hospital in Los Angeles, CA. @entity1 : Seventy-two adult inpatients with @entity3509 . INTERVENTIONS: Mortality and the need for second intervention rates were calculated and compared with data published in the 2000 American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the management of parapneumonic effusions using the Fisher exact test. Comparisons were made between @entity3509 survivors and nonsurvivors using t tests and chi(2) tests. RESULTS: All 72 @entity1 were managed with @entity146 initial treatments. There were no differences in mortality when our @entity1 were compared to the @entity146 group from the literature (6% vs 9%, respectively; p = 0.40; relative risk, 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 1.62) or the more aggressive group from the literature (6% vs 3%, respectively; p = 0.29; relative risk, 1.8; 95% CI, 0.64 to 5.23). There was no difference between the second intervention rate of our @entity1 and that of the @entity146 group from the literature (47% vs 43%, respectively; p = 0.47; relative risk, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.42), although there was a difference when compared to the more aggressive group (47% vs 11%, respectively; p < 0.0001; relative risk, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.20 to 6.31). There were no statistically significant differences in time of diagnosis, the timing of antibiotic treatment, the number of @entity1 comorbidities, or the number of services consulted when survivors and nonsurvivors from the study were compared. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3509 at our hospital are treated with @entity146 initial treatments and have a higher second intervention rate when compared to @entity1 described in the literature who were initially managed with more aggressive treatments.

title: A retrospective analysis of the management of XXXX in a county teaching facility from 1992 to 2004.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3509 :: ('MESH:D004653', 'Disease') :: ['parapneumonic empyemas', 'empyemas', 'empyema']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['parapneumonic empyemas']


abstract: Inhibition of aerobic metabolism leads to a major disruption of cardiac cell homeostasis. The purpose of the present study was twofold: 1) We determined the relative importance of junctional and nonjunctional membrane resistance (Rj and Rm, respectively) in the development of propagation failure during inhibition of aerobic metabolism in @entity840 ventricular cell pairs. 2) We used the patch-action potential clamp technique in single ventricular myocytes to study some of the properties of the membrane channels that are responsible for shortening of action potential duration and eventual failure of cell excitation after metabolic blockade. In most experiments, whole-cell patch pipettes were filled with a solution containing 1 mM @entity4527 , 5 mM @entity7482 , and 5 mM @entity855 . Our results in cell pairs showed that pharmacological inhibition of aerobic metabolism with the mitochondrial uncoupler @entity3212 ( @entity3213 ) led to a drop in Rm followed by an increase in Rj. The increase in Rj was not sufficient to cause a measurable delay in cell-to-cell propagation, whereas the drop in Rm consistently led to failure of cell excitation. Similar results were obtained in additional experiments in which the @entity4527 concentration in the pipette was reduced to 50 microM. Similar results were also obtained by loading the recording patch pipettes with a solution containing only 0.1 mM @entity855 . Our patch-action potential clamp experiments, on the other hand, revealed that @entity3213 induced the opening of time- and voltage-independent membrane channels, with a unitary conductance of 23 pS. The channels allowed for the passage of outward current in the voltage range of the action potential, and the increase in membrane patch conductance correlated with the observed shortening of action potential duration during @entity3213 superfusion. Our experiments provide the first simultaneous recordings of action potentials and @entity3213 -induced channel currents in @entity840 ventricular myocytes. Overall, the data provide new evidence for the understanding of the cellular and subcellular mechanisms involved in the development of slow conduction velocity and @entity616 after metabolic blockade.

title: Effects of @entity3212 or low [ XXXX ]i on cell excitability and action potential propagation in @entity840 ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity3212 :: ('MESH:D019297', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrophenol']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['propagation block']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: In order to study whether @entity1943 reduces posthypoglycemic insulin resistance, @entity4053 was induced between 7.00 and 8.00 h by an iv infusion of insulin with and without @entity1943 (250 micrograms/h) in 6 male @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ). Exogenous glucagon was infused to substitute for the suppression of its endogenous release (1.0-1.5 ng.kg-1.min-1). Insulin resistance was assessed by a @entity1943 -insulin-infusion test (SIGIT) between 11.00 and 15.00 h. In the study without @entity4053 , blood @entity413 was kept close to 6 mmol/l from 8.00 h until start of the SIGIT. In both hypoglycemic studies similar nadir blood @entity413 levels were achieved and @entity4053 evoked the same increase of plasma @entity1425 and @entity701 , whereas plasma glucagon remained at its basal level. The growth hormone response to @entity4053 was suppressed by @entity1943 . At the onset of the SIGIT, the plasma levels of the counterregulatory hormones had returned to basal, and blood @entity413 and plasma free insulin concentrations were almost identical. During the SIGIT there were no differences in plasma free insulin or counterregulatory hormone levels. Insulin resistance, as seen following @entity4053 , was not demonstrable in the study with @entity1943 . It is concluded that @entity1943 reduces insulin resistance following @entity4053 in @entity1 with @entity1723 . It is therefore suggested that an analogue with a specific GH release inhibiting property may be useful in reducing glycemic instability when given as adjunct therapy to insulin in @entity1 with labile glycemic control.

title: @entity1943 reduces posthypoglycemic insulin resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop clinical practice guidelines for the use of @entity1499 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ), using the evidence-based approach and expert opinion. METHODS: A scientific committee used a Delphi procedure to select five questions, which formed the basis for developing recommendations. Evidence providing answers to the five questions was sought in the Cochrane databases, PubMed, and proceedings of meetings of the French Society for Rheumatology, European League Against @entity627 , and American College of Rheumatology. Using this evidence, a group of rheumatologists developed and validated the recommendations. For each recommendation, the level of evidence and the extent of agreement among experts were specified. RESULTS: The recommendations were as follows: 1: The starting dosage for @entity1499 in @entity1 with @entity309 should not be less than 10 mg/week and should be determined based on disease severity and @entity1 -related factors; 2: When a @entity1 with @entity309 shows an inadequate response to @entity1499 , the dosage should be increased at intervals of 6 weeks, up to 20 mg/week, according to tolerance and @entity1 -related factors; 3: When starting @entity1499 treatment in a @entity1 with @entity309 , preference should be given to the oral route. A switch to the intramuscular or subcutaneous route should be considered in @entity1 with poor compliance, inadequate effectiveness, or gastrointestinal side effects; 4: At present, there is no evidence indicating that a change in @entity1499 dosage is in order when a TNF antagonist is given concomitantly; 5: The investigations that are mandatory before starting @entity1499 therapy in a @entity1 with @entity309 consist of a full blood cell count, serum transaminase levels, serum @entity1011 with computation of @entity1011 clearance, and a chest radiograph. In addition, serological tests for the @entity99 viruses B and C and a serum albumin assay are recommended. In @entity1 with a history of @entity1576 or current respiratory symptoms, lung function tests with determination of the diffusing capacity for @entity1223 are recommended; 6: Investigations that are mandatory for monitoring @entity1499 therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 consist of full blood cell counts and serum transaminase and @entity1011 assays. These tests should be obtained at least once a month for the first 3 months then every 4-12 weeks; 7: @entity1501 supplementation can be given routinely to @entity1 treated with @entity1499 for @entity309 . In practice, a minimal dosage of 5 mg of @entity1501 once a week, at a distance from the @entity1499 dose, is appropriate; 8: In the event of respiratory symptoms possibly related to @entity1499 @entity137 , the drug must be stopped and symptom severity evaluated. Should evidence of serious disease be found, the @entity1 should be admitted immediately or advice from a pulmonologist should be obtained immediately. CONCLUSION: Recommendations about @entity1499 therapy for @entity309 were developed. These recommendations should help to improve practice uniformity and, ultimately, to improve the management of @entity309 .

title: @entity1499 therapy for XXXX : clinical practice guidelines based on published evidence and expert opinion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The tools for detection of @entity146 in China were all translated from their western versions. Descriptions of three common @entity146 syndromes ( @entity24497 , @entity148 and @entity308 ) were applied to @entity146 outpatients and normal controls to test their validity in detection of non- @entity914 and the psychometric quality was compared with that of Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). METHODS: A consecutive sample of @entity146 outpatients were collected as a @entity1 group (N=51) after @entity716 @entity1 were ruled out. The research psychiatrist held clinical interviews under the guide of Mini International Neuro- @entity146 Interview and gave a @entity146 diagnosis based on ICD-10. The normal control group (N=29) came from a general hospital and the community nearby. Both groups had read descriptions and ranked the similarity of their situations with the descriptions; they also had completed the HADS. RESULTS: Of the 51 outpatients, the most common diagnosis was neuroses non-specified (N=14, 27.5%, including @entity24497 ); following that, @entity148 (N=13, 25.5%) and @entity308 (N=12, 23.5%). With the case description method, the areas under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) for the three syndromes and the total score were 0.955, 0.865, 0.910 and 0.998, respectively. To distinguish between the two groups, the cut-off of the total score was 3, the sensitivity was 98%, the specificity was 93%, even better than that of HADS total score (sensitivity 88%, specificity 90%). CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggested better validity of case description method than HADS in detection of @entity914 , which warrants further confirmative study.

title: Better detection of non- XXXX by case description method in China.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic mental disorders', 'non-psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity24497 :: ('MESH:D009440', 'Disease') :: ['neurasthenia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['psychotic mental disorders']


abstract: The ability to change the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile @entity1176 secretion may be an important mechanism in maintaining regular ovulatory cycles. @entity4089 is associated with @entity3206 and slow frequency LH ( @entity1176 ) secretion in @entity1 . To assess whether the slow frequency of LH ( @entity1176 ) secretion is due to increased opioid activity, we examined the effect of @entity1510 infusions in eight amenorrheic hyperprolactinemic @entity1 (mean +/- SE, serum PRL, 160 +/- 59 micrograms/L). After a baseline period, either saline or @entity1510 was infused for 8 h on separate days, and LH was measured in blood obtained at 15-min intervals. Additional samples were obtained for plasma FSH, PRL, @entity53 , and @entity1420 . Responses to exogenous @entity1176 were assessed at the end of the infusions. LH pulse frequency increased in all subjects from a mean of 4.0 +/- 0.5 pulses/10 h (mean +/- SE) during saline infusion to 8.0 +/- 1.0 pulses/10 h during @entity1510 infusion (P less than 0.01). LH pulse amplitude did not change, and mean plasma LH increased from 7.4 +/- 0.8 IU/L (+/- SE) to 11.2 +/- 1.5 IU/L during @entity1510 (P less than 0.01). A small but significant increase was seen in mean plasma FSH. Plasma PRL, @entity53 , and @entity1420 were unchanged by @entity1510 infusion. These data suggest that elevated serum PRL reduces the frequency of LH ( @entity1176 ) secretion by increasing hypothalamic opioid activity and suggest that the @entity3206 in @entity4089 is consequent upon persistent slow frequency LH ( @entity1176 ) secretion.

title: @entity1510 increases the frequency of pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion in XXXX with @entity4089 .

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinemia', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to clarify the possible long term effects in the course of different haemodilution regimes according to the tissue @entity26 supply in the lower limb muscle of @entity1 with @entity613 . METHODS: In order to simulate the situation of @entity613 muscle tissue @entity4095 measurements were performed before and after a standardized pedal ergometric test. Muscle tissue @entity4095 readings were performed using micro-pt-needle electrodes at a work load of 5.7 +/- 0.2 Watt. We performed hypervolaemic haemodilution as well as isovolaemic haemodilution intraindividually and in order to compare these different regimes we have chosen the situation, when the haematocrit had returned to the pretreatment values. RESULTS: Observing 4 weeks after the end of isovolaemic haemodilution the red blood cell aggregation is significantly decreased, whereas the other haemorrheological variables remained unchanged. Furthermore muscle tissue @entity4095 values are increased at rest without improvement of the exercise-induced muscle tissue @entity4095 . In contrast there is no effect on haemorrheological variables as well as muscle tissue @entity26 supply at rest and after pedal ergometric exercise test after the end of hypervolaemic haemodilution. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest no benefit in the course of a long-term hypervolaemic haemodilution therapy in @entity1 with @entity613 . In contrast after isovolaemic haemodilution there was found an increase in muscle tissue @entity26 supply at rest without changing of the exercise-induced pattern. In our opinion isovolaemic haemodilution is to prefer in the course of long-term haemodilution therapy.

title: Microcirculatory long-term effects after hypervolaemic and isovolaemic haemodilution in XXXX with @entity613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We operated upon 12 @entity1 with macroadenoma and two with @entity976 cyst using an endoscope through a nasal speculum. Pure endoscopic endonasal transsphenoiolal approach ( @entity10319 ) was performed in nine @entity1 and endoscope-assisted microscopic endo nasal @entity10319 in five. A thin-bladed nasal speculum was used to achieve a wide, almost midline, pathway without an incision at the septal mucosa. This made it possible to convert from the endoscopic to the microscopic approach and vice versa at any time during operation as the occasion demanded. In 10 of the 12 @entity1 with macroadenoma, @entity652 were removed totally and did not recur during the mean follow-up period of 24 months. Two @entity652 could not be removed totally due to their invasiveness. In two of five @entity1 who underwent endoscope-assisted microscopic @entity10319 for @entity5 at blind corners after @entity5 removal. Two @entity1 with @entity976 cyst did not show recurrence. No @entity1 showed @entity532 . Versatile use of the endoscope through a widened nasal cavity using a nasal speculum is a promising tool for the treatment of @entity4611 .

title: Endoscopic transsphenoidal approach through a widened nasal cavity for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['macroadenoma, the endoscope could visualise residual tumour', 'microscopic tumor']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal or endocrinological complications']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesions']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ["Rathke's cleft"]

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity4611 :: (MESH:D010900,Disease) :: ['pituitary lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity353 in @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 is associated with resumption of ovulation and/or with changes in insulin, @entity342 , and @entity4083 concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: University research center. @entity1 : Twelve @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Twelve-week @entity353 program in treatment (n = 6); 12-week "waiting list" in control group (n = 6). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Ovulation; [2] fasting insulin and @entity413 measurements; [3] @entity443 ( @entity443 ), total and non- @entity443 T concentrations; [4] LH pulse frequency, amplitude, and concentration; and [5] FSH concentration. RESULTS: In contrast with the control group who showed no change in weight, ovulation status, or hormone levels, @entity1 in the treatment group lost an average of 16.2 kg and showed a significant increase in @entity443 , a significant decline in non- @entity443 T, and a decline (though nonsignificant) in fasting insulin. Four of six subjects resumed ovulation. However, no changes were evident in LH pulse frequency or amplitude or in mean LH and FSH concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Weight loss in @entity28 , @entity3428 @entity1 appears to reduce insulin and non- @entity443 T concentrations despite the absence of a change in gonadotropin secretion and may lead to resumption of ovulation.

title: Endocrine consequences of @entity353 in XXXX , @entity3428 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4083 :: ('MESH:D006062', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenic, anovulatory']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: This article presents a retrospective study of 25 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity311 in an urban @entity341 ( @entity341 ) between June 1986 and June 1989. The mean annual case rate of @entity311 in this study group was more than three times the national rate. This may be ascribed to the notable ethnic diversity of the population. A history of travel to an area endemic for @entity311 was eventually elicited from all @entity1 . The most common chief complaint was @entity221 (56%) followed by @entity490 (12%). Temperatures were elevated in 70% of the @entity1 , with a mean temperature of 102.9 degrees F (39 degrees C). Gender was found to play a role in delaying diagnosis, with @entity1 accounting for 83% of a group of @entity1 requiring multiple @entity341 visits before diagnosis. The authors conclude that @entity311 must be considered when diagnosing @entity1 in ethnically diverse populations. Gender may be associated with a delay in diagnosis. A careful travel history and a peripheral smear are aids in rapid diagnosis.

title: @entity311 in an urban XXXX : epidemiology and diagnostic features of 25 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inflammatory bowel diseases produce segmental or diffuse mural thickening of the intestine that can be detected and evaluated by using sonography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sonographic findings and determine their diagnostic value in @entity1 with @entity29 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed sonograms of 81 @entity1 with @entity29 . The findings were compared with those of barium study, colonoscopy, and surgery. Forty-five @entity1 had @entity1964 , 13 had @entity31 , eight had @entity30 , five had @entity63 , two had Beh  et's syndrome, and eight had unspecified @entity1960 . Diagnosis was based on surgical and pathologic findings in 23; results of barium study and endoscopic biopsy in 20; and results of barium study, colonoscopic findings, and clinical findings in 38. RESULTS: Seventy-two @entity1 (89%) had sonograms that showed segmental or diffuse mural thickening and a paucity of luminal content in the involved bowel. Involved areas were the ileocecal region in the cases of @entity1964 and Beh  et's syndrome, the left side of the @entity31 , and the colon and terminal part of the ileum in @entity30 . In @entity63 , the distribution of involved bowel was nonspecific. Sonographic findings correlated well with the findings of barium enema or colonoscopy in terms of the involved segments of the bowel. @entity24134 , omental thickening, and @entity843 were frequently observed in cases of @entity1964 . CONCLUSION: Sonographic evidence of mural thickening of the bowel with a paucity of luminal content may be helpful in the detection of @entity29 . However, the findings are nonspecific, and the differential diagnosis must be related to the specific segment of the bowel involved.

title: Sonography of XXXX : findings and value in differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic colitis']

entities_list: @entity24134 :: ('MESH:D008640', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenteric lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'colon in ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity3945 and potential benefit derived from treatment were examined in thermostressed 4-week-old broiler chicks. Blood pH was greater (P less than .05) in heat-stressed (32 C) panting birds (7.395) than either nonpanting (7.28) or birds raised at 24 C (7.28). Acute thermostress, obtained by elevating ambient temperature from 32 to 41 C over a 20-min period further elevated (P less than .05) blood pH to 7.521. Chronic heat-stressed broiler chicks suffer from intermittent @entity3945 during panting; with acute heat stress, chicks pant continuously and suffer from @entity5838 . Including .5% @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) in the diet of birds subjected to chronic heat stress enhanced body @entity1017 by 9% even though it tended (P less than .10) to increase blood pH in nonpanting birds. Adding .3 or 1% @entity5819 ( @entity8777 ) to diets decreased blood pH (P less than .01) to 7.194 and increased (P less than .05) body weight gains by 9.5 and 25%, respectively. Effects appeared linear with @entity8777 dose to 1% @entity8777 , but 3% @entity8777 elevated weight gains by only 8% and precipitated @entity1503 (pH 7.09) in nonpanting birds. Supplementing the 1% @entity8777 diet with .5% @entity5993 increased weight gains an additional 9%. Manipulating @entity1372 : @entity2865 ratios by addition of @entity12374 increased body @entity1017 8% and slightly reduced severity of @entity5838 . Data indicate that blood @entity5838 limits growth rate of broiler chicks reared under chronic thermostress and that the @entity3945 and @entity308 attributed to thermostress can be partially alleviated dietarily.

title: Chronic heat stress and XXXX : occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain depressions']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5819 :: ('MESH:D000643', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3945 :: ('MESH:D000472', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory alkalosis']

answer: @entity3945 :: (MESH:D000472,Disease) :: ['respiratory alkalosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity905 , a specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitor, on insulin sensitivity in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) independently of its action on body weight. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, insulin-mediated @entity413 disposal was measured in 12 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2175 on diet alone before and after four weeks of treatment with either placebo (n = 6) or @entity905 (n = 6) at a dose level of 60 mg once a day. Insulin-mediated @entity413 disposal was assessed by the 2-step euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. @entity1 were instructed on a weight-maintaining diet. RESULTS: Insulin infusion at 40 mU.m-2. @entity1009 resulted in insulin levels of 720 +/- 70 pmol. L-1 with a mean plasma @entity413 value of 6.4 +/- 0.2 mmol. L-1. Compared to placebo, @entity905 increased @entity413 disposal (M) by 2.4-fold (P < 0.05), the insulin sensitivity index (M/I) by 2.7-fold (P < 0.03) and the @entity413 metabolic clearance rate (MCR) by 2.9-fold (P < 0.03). Insulin infusion at 400 mU.m-2. @entity1009 elicited insulin levels of 12947 +/- 1512 pmol. L-1 with a mean plasma @entity413 value of 5.6 +/- 0.4 mmol. L-1. Compared to placebo, @entity905 increased M by 30% (P = NS), M/I by 40% (P < 0.04) and MCR by 23% (P < 0.04). @entity1 weight remained stable throughout the study with no change in dietary intake. CONCLUSION: @entity905 improves insulin-mediated @entity413 disposal in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity2175 independently of @entity353 .

title: @entity905 improves insulin sensitivity in @entity28 XXXX with @entity2175 independently of @entity353 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine', 'Fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We studied 91 @entity1 with @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA; @entity2883 ) who were dealt with by otolaryngologists in Japan. The upper respiratory tract (URT) alone was involved in 56%. Regarding findings of @entity7134 -ANCA, histology and initial diagnosis, of the 40 @entity1 in whom sites other than the URT were involved, 64 and 73% were positive for @entity7134 -ANCA and histology, respectively. On the other hand, of 51 @entity1 in whom only the URT was involved, only 49 and 31% were positive for @entity7134 -ANCA and histology, respectively. With regard to diagnosis, definitive and probable diagnoses were made in 78 and 20%, respectively, of @entity1 involving sites other than the URT. On the other hand, definitive and probable diagnoses were made in only 22 and 37%, respectively, of @entity1 involving the URT alone; the Japanese diagnostic criteria were inapplicable to 41%. Of the 21 @entity1 to whom the diagnostic criteria were inapplicable, 13 (62%) developed additional symptoms and signs during the observation period, and they then fulfilled the Japanese diagnostic criteria. Among these @entity1 , 8 were MPO-ANCA-positive and 3 @entity1 had 2 or more sub-lesions in the URT. If the diagnostic criteria included cases with MPO-ANCA (  ) and 2 lesions in the URT, the diagnostic rates increased from 59 to 86% even though they were of limited form. Thus, about 60% of the @entity1 with URT symptoms alone did not satisfy the Japanese diagnostic criteria at the initial visit.

title: Clinical manifestations of XXXX with @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) in the upper respiratory tract seen by otolaryngologists in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['granulomatosis']


abstract: The structure, transformation, and bioactivity of single living @entity6739 cells at the molecular level have been studied in vivo by time- and space-resolved Raman spectroscopy. A time resolution of 100 s and a space resolution of 250 nm have been achieved with the use of a confocal Raman microspectrometer. The space-resolved Raman spectra of living @entity6739 cells at different cell cycle stages were recorded in an effort to elucidate the molecular compositions of organelles, including nuclei, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and septa. The time- and space-resolved measurement of the central part of a dividing @entity375 cell showed continuous spectral evolution from that of the nucleus to those of the cytoplasm and mitochondria and finally to that of the septum, in accordance with the transformation during the cell cycle. A strong Raman band was observed at 1602 cm(-)(1) only when cells were under good nutrient conditions. The effect of a respiration inhibitor, @entity3984 , on a living @entity375 cell was studied by measuring the Raman spectra of its mitochondria. A sudden disappearance of the 1602 cm(-)(1) band followed by the change in the shape and intensity of the phospholipid bands was observed, indicating a strong relationship between the cell activity and the intensity of this band. We therefore call this band "the Raman spectroscopic signature of life". The Raman mapping of a living @entity375 cell was also carried out. Not only the distributions of molecular species but also those of active mitochondria in the cell were successfully visualized in vivo.

title: Molecular-level investigation of the structure, transformation, and bioactivity of single living XXXX cells by time- and space-resolved Raman spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: An 82-year-old @entity1 with the chief complaint of @entity448 was referred on suspicion of @entity1907 . He had undergone thyroidectomy because of @entity259 5 years ago, had taken @entity1955 , and had kept plasma level of thyroidal hormone within normal range. He had never pointed out @entity2753 . On laboratory findings on admission, serum natrium level was 125 mEq/l. A chest X-ray film showed the infiltration in both lower lung fields, and a chest CT scan revealed a miliary pattern in both lungs. Tubercle bacilli were detected from the sputum by the Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Antituberculous drugs were started. On 5th hospital day, he developed @entity1662 disturbance, and the serum level of natrium and osmolarity was 103 mEq/l and 250 mOsm /kg @entity2507 , respectively, while plasma ADH level was increased to 5.9 pg/ml, and urine level of natrium and osmolarity was 123 mEq/l and 394 mOsm/kg @entity2507 , respectively. His mental disturbance and @entity2753 gradually improved by supplementing @entity1219 . We diagnosed this case as @entity6085 associated with @entity9758 . @entity6085 should be considered when @entity2753 was occurred in the case of @entity9758 .

title: [Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine sodium']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity9758 :: ('MESH:D014391', 'Disease') :: ['miliary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity9758 :: (MESH:D014391,Disease) :: ['miliary tuberculosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the @entity8395 ( @entity8395 ) pathway has shown efficacy in several types of @entity5 including mismatch-repair-deficient @entity14 . In some @entity5 types, @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ) expression detected by immunohistochemistry has shown utility as a predictive marker for response to anti- @entity8395 therapies. This utility, however, remains to be determined in @entity14 . In addition, although @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes have been associated with better prognosis in @entity14 , the prognostic value of @entity8395 expression in these lymphocytes and its interaction with @entity4634 expression still await investigation. To address these questions, we performed a pilot study to evaluate the patterns of @entity4634 and @entity8395 immunohistochemical expression on @entity14 cells and their @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes, respectively. Using tissue microarray, we found that 5_percnt; (19_394) of @entity14 exhibited @entity5 @entity4634 expression, and 19_percnt; (76_392) had elevated numbers of @entity8395 -positive @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes. @entity4634 levels correlated with @entity8395 levels (P<0.001), and mismatch-repair-deficient @entity5 had significantly higher rates of high @entity4634 and @entity8395 expression when compared with mismatch-repair-proficient @entity5 (18_percnt; vs 2_percnt; and 50_percnt; vs 13_percnt;, respectively; P<0.001 for both). Staining intensity was also stronger for both markers in mismatch-repair-deficient @entity5 . Furthermore, we observed that among @entity1 with mismatch-repair-deficient @entity14 , @entity8395 _ @entity4634 expression stratified recurrence-free survival in an inter-dependent manner: an association between high @entity8395 -positive @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes and improved recurrence-free survival (P_equals;0.041) was maintained only when the @entity5 had low-level @entity4634 expression (P_equals;0.006); @entity1 whose @entity5 had both high @entity8395 -positive @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes and high @entity4634 expression had a significantly worse recurrence-free survival (P<0.001). Thus, our results not only provide a foundation for further assessment of @entity4634 immunohistochemistry as a predictive marker for anti- @entity8395 therapy in @entity14 , they also shed light on the prognostic impact of @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes in different subsets of mismatch-repair-deficient @entity14 .

title: Patterns and prognostic relevance of @entity8395 and XXXX expression in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4634 :: ('29126', 'Gene') :: ['programmed death-ligand 1', 'PD-L1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'high tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity4634 :: (29126,Gene) :: ['PD-L1']


abstract: @entity628 ( @entity628 ) is known to recur in some @entity1 after renal transplantation. Over a prolonged period, we followed 13 @entity4806 @entity1 with @entity628 who had undergone transplantation from living-related donors, analyzing risk factors for recurrent disease. Native nephrectomies were performed bilaterally in all @entity1 at least 1 month prior to transplantation. Immunosuppressive therapy consisted of @entity205 (CyA), @entity20771 , @entity229 , and antilymphocytic globulin or @entity5101 . We examined age at onset, time in months between diagnosis and @entity454 (dialysis or transplantation), the duration of dialysis, age at transplantation, time since nephrectomy, doses of immunosuppressive agents, and HLA mismatch. Five @entity1 (42.8%) developed recurrent disease in the graft; all showed @entity644 within 24 h of transplantation. However, all allografts have functioned well for 34-156 months following transplantation despite the recurrences, although 1 of these @entity1 now shows @entity644 . The remaining 8 @entity1 have had no recurrence for 104.6+/-30.4 months (mean+/-SD). The serum level of @entity1011 in @entity1 with recurrence and without recurrence was 1.1+/-0.42 mg/dl and 0.98+/-0.29 mg/dl, respectively. The interval from diagnosis to initiation of dialysis was significantly shorter in @entity1 with recurrence than those without recurrence ( P<0.05), but no other variables differed between these two groups. No recurrence of @entity628 was observed in the protocol biopsy at 100 days after transplantation. We believe that CyA and native nephrectomy may limit or reverse progression of recurrent @entity628 in renal allografts of Japanese @entity4806 @entity1 , although this is a limited study.

title: Long-term outcome of @entity628 after Japanese XXXX renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage disease']

answer: @entity4806 :: (MESH:D063766,Disease) :: ['pediatric']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine echocardiographic, electrocardiographic, and histologic @entity296 that died suddenly and to compare findings with those of Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that died of @entity712 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 14 Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that died suddenly (group 1) and 40 Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 and @entity712 (group 2). PROCEDURE: Serial echocardiography and continuous, ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring were performed. Hearts of @entity235 that died suddenly were examined histologically. RESULTS: Group-2 @entity235 died at a significantly older age than did group-1 @entity235 . All @entity235 had echocardiographic abnormalities, but changes were more severe in group-2 than in group-1 @entity235 . @entity1165 were documented in all @entity235 . Group-1 @entity235 were more likely to have episodes of sustained @entity1165 than were group-2 @entity235 . Multifocal @entity82 and replacement of muscle fibers with collagen and fat were consistently observed in hearts from @entity235 that died suddenly. Ten group-1 @entity235 had received antiarrhythmic treatment prior to @entity204 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: @entity296 can be identified by means of echocardiography and Holter monitoring in Doberman Pinschers. Doberman Pinschers with @entity296 that had episodes of sustained (> 30 seconds) @entity1165 were at risk of dying suddenly.

title: Clinical and pathologic findings in Doberman pinschers with XXXX that died suddenly or developed @entity712 : 54 cases (1984-1991).

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Occult cardiomyopathy', 'abnormalities in Doberman Pinschers with occult cardiomyopathy', 'occult cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['occult cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Antiemetic effect and safety of concurrent administration of ondansetron and other antiemetics ( @entity619 , @entity2211 and @entity56584 ), given for complete suppression of @entity1209 , were examined in 46 @entity1 (109 courses) with gynecological @entity5 receiving single high-dose of @entity900 or @entity3003 . As for the delayed @entity391 , antiemetic effect depending on the @entity134 treatment duration, given concurrently to ondansetron, was compared. The results were as follows; 1. In 78 courses, anticancer drugs were given concurrently to @entity900 or @entity3003 only on Day 1. In the remaining 31 courses, those drugs were concurrently administered up to Day 6 at the longest. 2. Complete suppression (i.e., no onsets) rate of acute @entity391 was 64.2% (70/109 courses) for @entity390 , and 84.4% (92/109 courses) for @entity391 . 3. When the complete suppression depending on duration of concomitant @entity134 was examined mainly in @entity1 receiving CAP ( @entity786 , @entity632 and @entity900 ), higher antiemetic effect, especially in @entity390 , was observed in those on concomitant @entity230 for 3 days compared to that for 1 day. 4. The food intake rate improved along with @entity390 symptoms. 5. No adverse event or @entity854 due to the multi-antiemetic treatment was observed. Based on the above, the efficacy of the antiemetic treatment in this study was confirmed. In delayed @entity391 , concurrent @entity230 given for 3 days after chemotherapy were considered effective and were also regarded to improve food intake.

title: [Multi-drug antiemetic treatment and effect of treatment duration of concurrent @entity230 --for complete control of chemotherapy-induced XXXX in gynecological @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity56584 :: ('MESH:C029617', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl loflazepate']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea/vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some studies have shown a more rapid gastric emptying in @entity28 subjects. Six to twelve months after jejunoileal bypass (JIB) neurotensin (NT) and enteroglucagon have been shown to be elevated after food intake. These hormones, together with @entity1942 ( @entity1942 ) and @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) have been implicated in the reduction of @entity344 seen after infusion of nutrients into the ileum. AIM: To study if the postprandial gut hormone pattern and gastric emptying is altered 20 y after JIB. SUBJECTS: Seven subjects operated with JIB a mean (s.d.) 20 +/- 3 y ago, with a BMI of 44 +/- 4 kg/m2 at the time of surgery and 31 +/- 4 at present. For comparison seven sex-matched non-operated @entity28 controls (BMI 43 +/- 3) were studied. METHODS: Serial blood samples were obtained every 10 min after intake of a 280 kcal meal. Radioimmunoassays for @entity3771 , @entity8586 ( @entity13216 ), NT, @entity1942 and @entity5445 were performed. Gastric emptying of a solid meal was studied using a radioactively labelled omelette (of 310 kcal) for 120 min). RESULTS: After JIB postprandial @entity3771 , @entity13216 , NT, @entity1942 and @entity5445 were elevated compared to non-operated @entity28 subjects. Similarly, basal levels of @entity13216 , @entity3771 , @entity5445 and @entity1942 were elevated in the operated group. No difference was observed in the rate of gastric emptying between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Both fasting and postprandial gut hormone levels are elevated 20 y after JIB. The impact of long-term rapid stimulation of the ileum and subsequent raised gut hormone levels on gastric emptying is not clear.

title: Gastrointestinal hormones and gastric emptying 20 years after jejunoileal bypass for massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal motility']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe @entity62 , @entity1188 , microbleeds and macrobleeds in the context of a collagen IV A1 mutation. METHODS: We examined a family with autosomal dominant @entity9670 , in whom a defect in collagen IV A1 was detected recently. The @entity1 underwent neurological, ophthalmological, and cardiological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Electron microscopy of a skin biopsy was performed. Extensive laboratory screening was performed for @entity49 and @entity548 . RESULTS: The @entity9670 was symptomatic in the infantile period in two @entity1 , whereas it led to only minor @entity51 in their affected mother. However, she experienced development of recurrent strokes in her 40s. In addition to the @entity9670 , all @entity1 had a @entity62 , which was most severe in the mother. Her magnetic resonance imaging results also showed @entity1188 , macrobleeds and a multitude of microbleeds. No other risk factors for recurrent @entity64 were found. Electron microscopy showed interruptions of the basement membrane of skin capillaries and inhomogeneous thickening of the basement membrane with pools of basement membrane fragments. INTERPRETATION: @entity62 , @entity1188 , microbleeds, and macrobleeds are indicative of an underlying @entity455 , of which the best-known causes are @entity101 , @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 , and @entity8267 . Mutations in collagen IV A1, a major component of the vascular basement membrane, appear to be another risk factor.

title: Neonatal XXXX and @entity64 related to mutations in collagen IV A1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8267 :: ('MESH:D016657', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral amyloid angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['increased bleeding tendency']

entities_list: @entity9670 :: ('MESH:D065708', 'Disease') :: ['porencephaly']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts', 'ischemic infarcts', 'subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Leukoencephalopathy', 'leukoencephalopathy']

answer: @entity9670 :: (MESH:D065708,Disease) :: ['porencephaly']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity174 of the scaphoid treated by cast immobilisation underwent clinical examination, radiography and MR scanning 6 weeks after injury. On clinical and plain radiographic criteria alone, 12 @entity1 were considered sufficiently healed to warrant mobilisation. The remaining 10 @entity1 were considered unhealed and were immobilised for a further period. A musculoskeletal radiologist, blinded to the clinical diagnosis, reviewed the MRI scans. Of the 10 @entity1 considered unhealed, 5 had the MR appearances of a united @entity174 , based on normal marrow signal across the @entity174 line on T1-weighted images. Of the 12 @entity1 deemed to have united, union could be confirmed by MRI criteria in only 5, but all 12 were healed at 1 year. The results suggest that MRI can provide additional information in this group of @entity1 . It can confirm bony union in a high proportion of @entity1 deemed clinically non-united. Its use in this context will allow a more rapid mobilisation and return to normal function. The significance of persistent @entity854 in @entity1 who have clinical and radiographic signs of healing merits further study.

title: The role of MRI in the assessment of scaphoid XXXX healing: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['MR signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: A flow-injection biosensor system was developed for the amperometric determination of @entity1011 based on coupled reactions of three sequentially aligned enzyme reactors, @entity1011 deiminase, @entity2227 dehydrogenase, and @entity2227 oxidase, using an @entity26 electrode as the detector. To overcome the problem of endogenous @entity3265 and @entity2227 , the flow was split into two channels after the injector and rejoined before the @entity2227 dehydrogenase reactor. Double peak recording was obtained by setting a delay coil and a reference column in one of the two channels. The first peak gave the sum response of @entity1011 , endogenous @entity3265 , and @entity2227 , and the second that of endogenous @entity3265 and @entity2227 . By this method compensation for endogenous @entity3265 and @entity2227 , as well as for interfering @entity620 , was achieved simultaneously. The system gave linear calibrations up to 2 mM for the first peak and 3 mM for the second one. The lower detection limits were 0.1 and 0.02 mM for 35- and 100-microliters injection of sample, respectively. One run was completed within 2 min. The system showed good reproducibility (< 3%) and long operational stability (> 1300 runs). The assay results of @entity1011 in urine showed good correlation with those obtained from the chemical method of Jaffe.

title: A flow-injection biosensor system for the amperometric determination of XXXX : simultaneous compensation of endogenous interferents.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of heparin on inflammed bronchial mucosa in @entity35 . Sixty five animals were used in the study; 5 of them constituted the control group, whereas 60 were submitted to long term @entity9734 irritation in specially constructed chamber, what resulted in chronic @entity3617 . Low molecular weight heparin preparation--Frexiparine has been administered in inhalation or parenterally to 40 @entity35 , simultaneously or immediately after @entity9734 exposition. In all animals exposed to @entity9734 the BALF evaluation revealed predomination of inflammatory cells. The results obtained in healthy @entity35 were different and BALF cellular sediment contained 92% of epithelial cells. However in animals submitted to @entity9734 irritation and simultaneous heparin treatment we observed significant increase of the number of inflammatory cells in BALF in comparison to healthy @entity35 but it was not as high when compared to animals irritated only with @entity9734 . In all animals exposed only to @entity9734 we were able to find disseminate inflammatory changes and/or planoepithelial metaplasia in bronchial specimens. However we did not observe any sings of @entity32 in specimens obtained from 50% of heparin treated @entity35 , whereas in the other 50% they were described as mild or moderate. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Low molecular weight heparin decreased signs of experimentally provoked @entity32 in @entity35 . 2. Simultaneous heparin and @entity9734 administration was extremely efficient. This finding suggests prophylactic properties of heparin. 3. The heparin activity does not depend on inhalatory or parenteral way of administration.

title: [The influence of heparin on the course of @entity3617 experimentally provoked by sulfur dioxide in XXXX in evaluation of lung histology and cytology of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'bronchial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In the previous sections, data were presented on the regulation of OT receptor binding by gonadal hormones. However, it is important to emphasize that gonadal @entity230 and E2 in particular also regulate other facets of OT transmission. For example, OT peptide levels as indicated by mRNA levels and OT immunoreactivity are enhanced by gonadal @entity230 . Similarly, OT release is also influenced by circulating @entity230 . By focusing on data collected in female @entity35 and combining these different factors, the following relationships emerge. Within the ventromedial hypothalamus, OT peptide levels are virtually undetectable and OT receptor binding is negligible in the absence of E2. As circulating levels of E2 rise, increases in OT immunoreactivity and OT-receptor binding in the ventromedial hypothalamus and in the VMN itself can be detected. Under these conditions, OT receptor binding in and around the vl-VMN is markedly increased, rendering cells in the vl-VMN responsive to OT stimulation. Significantly, this increased responsivity is most evident at low concentrations of OT. With further increases in E2, P4 is released from the ovary, resulting in a number of biochemical changes in the central nervous system, including a potentiation of the effects of E2 on hypothalamic OT-receptor binding. Within a few hours after the initiation of P4 release, sexual receptivity can be elicited. At this time, sexual contact by the male enhances OT-peptide levels in the ventromedial hypothalamus of @entity134 -primed female @entity35 , which in turn potentiates the display of sexual receptivity. The model outlined above not only summarizes a large portion of the data on @entity134 regulation of hypothalamic OT receptors, but more importantly, serves to highlight areas that require additional study. One important question that remains to be resolved is the source of OT receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus. While the lesion studies discussed above indicate that the majority of fibers in the @entity2339 originate in the VMN, definitive results can only be obtained with more direct methods. For example, following the eventual cloning and sequencing of the OT receptor, studies on the distribution and regulation of OT receptor mRNA could be conducted to determine the hypothalamic cells that synthesize OT receptors. Complementary experiments that employ an immunohistological approach in combination with electron microscopy could be used to visualize the region(s) of the cell that react to OT receptor antibodies. Additional studies are also required to determine the role of @entity134 -modulated OT receptor binding in the hypothalamus of male @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The regulation of oxytocin receptor binding in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus by gonadal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['ventrolateral hypothalamus']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity409 in endogenous hypothalamic function have been associated with @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). One endogenous activity is the circadian rhythm of temperature (CRT). In this study we examined whether hypothalamically mediated function is altered in the electrically induced, self-sustained, limbic @entity159 model of @entity1315 . We then wished to determine whether there was a structural basis for regulatory alterations. METHODS: We measured CRT with peritoneal temperature telemetry obtained in light-entrained (LD) and in free-running, constant-dark ( @entity336 ) conditions. CRT from @entity302 and controls of normal animals and kindled animals were quantized by fast Fourier transform-nonlinear least squares analysis to determine rhythmic complexity. RESULTS: The circadian component of CRT was preserved in all animals. In @entity336 , CRTs of @entity302 animals were more complex than those of normal animals. CRT of kindled animals showed no increased complexity after electrically induced @entity410 . Neuronal density was decreased in regions of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus but not in the suprachiasmatic nuclei from the @entity302 @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in CRT due to the @entity302 state were independent of @entity410 . Altered circadian thermoregulation in @entity302 @entity35 corresponded to regional hypothalamic @entity528 . Structural changes of the hypothalamus may explain alterations in endogenous rhythms in @entity1315 .

title: Hypothalamic @entity528 and altered circadian rhythm of temperature in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'isolated seizures']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Numerous dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['mesial temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: @entity5414 of a lumbar facet joint is a rare clinical entity and most articles have reported a single case. There have been few studies that have evaluated the clinical and imaging features of @entity5414 of lumbar facet joints. The clinical data of 5 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5414 of lumbar facet joints were retrospectively studied. The average age of 5 @entity1 was 73.6 years. All @entity1 had elevated temperature at admission (37.7 degrees C). Leukocyte count was tested in all 5 @entity1 and was elevated in only 2 @entity1 . Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and @entity1851 were examined and were elevated in all 5 cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was accurate in identifying the @entity2720 and associated @entity733 formation. All @entity1 were treated with bed rest and received intravenous antibiotics for an average of 33.3 days. Four of 5 @entity1 had positive outcomes with full recoveries and no evidence of recurrent infections. One @entity1 exhibited evidence of recurrent @entity281 and required open facet arthrotomy and @entity121 after intravenous administration of antibiotics. @entity5414 of the lumbar facet joint is a rare cause of @entity1643 . It is important to ascertain the diagnosis at the earliest possible stage and to start intravenous antibiotics therapy as soon as possible. Magnetic resonance imaging is quite a sensitive modality for identifying @entity281 of the lumbar facet joint. Familiarity with its clinical symptoms and radiographic features is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis of this condition.

title: XXXX without predisposing @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis', 'Septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['septic joint']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal muscle debridement']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5414 :: (MESH:D001170,Disease) :: ['Septic arthritis of lumbar facet joints']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated the effect of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) on lymph node harvest in @entity5 @entity1 undergoing anatomic resection with curative intent. METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively queried for @entity5 cases from 1990 to 2010. Demographic data, NAT, and lymph node yield were analyzed. Nonanatomic resections were excluded. RESULTS: Five hundred two cases were identified; the mean age was 68 years (range 34-89), and 56% were @entity1 . One hundred fifty-one (30%) @entity1 received NAT. Overall, the lymph node yield was diminished in proctectomy specimens after NAT (mean = 9, median = 7) compared with specimens without therapy (mean = 13, median = 10, P = .001). Age was not a significant factor in the lymph node yield (P = .213 and .329). Among @entity1 treated with NAT, younger @entity1 had a significantly lower lymph node yield (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: A decreased lymph node yield in proctectomy specimens from @entity1 treated with NAT is consistent with prior studies. Younger @entity1 had a greater reduction in lymph node harvest after NAT compared with senior @entity1 .

title: Neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX decreases the number of lymph nodes harvested in operative specimens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A survey of @entity1118 experience after @entity1566 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence, severity and impact of @entity1118 amongst @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) @entity1 in our region, and assess the need for additional resources to address the problem. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 216 @entity1566 @entity1 (10% of the Yorkshire regional spinal injury database). SETTING: Yorkshire region, UK. RESULTS: A response was received from 67% of the @entity1 . Seventy-nine per cent of @entity1 said they presently suffered with @entity158 , with 39% describing it as severe. @entity158 and @entity158 groups using chi-squared analysis showed that complete injury was significantly more likely than @entity130 to result in @entity1118 (P<0.05), and increased severity of @entity158 (P<0.05). 43% of @entity1 with @entity158 said they required further treatment for it. @entity1118 had a significant impact on daily activities and was a major factor in causing unemployment (18%) and @entity308 (39%). CONCLUSION: The study confirms that @entity158 is a major problem in @entity1566 @entity1 which is not currently being adequately addressed. A multidisciplinary approach to management and prospective studies of treatments are required in order to reduce the prevalence and severity of @entity158 in these @entity1 . Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 611 - 614.

title: @entity1118 after XXXX . A @entity1 survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['non-pain', 'pain', 'Comparison of pain']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['SCI']


abstract: @entity5753 is used for the treatment of @entity1007 . It functions by inhibiting the enzyme, @entity2453 reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), that is required for the conversion of @entity2453 to @entity12308 . Since biosynthesis of both @entity165 and coenzyme Q ( @entity5928 ) requires @entity12308 as a precursor, it was considered that @entity5753 therapy would also result in a lowering of cellular @entity5928 levels. This study was conducted to determine whether @entity5753 treatment does decrease @entity5928 levels and whether such decreases can be prevented by @entity5928 supplementation. Forty-five adult male Holtzman @entity35 were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. Controls were fed ground @entity35 chow ad libitum. The other two groups were fed ground @entity35 chow containing 400 mg of @entity5753 per kg of diet ad libitum. One of the @entity5753 -fed groups received @entity7447 (15 mg per kg of body weight) daily via stomach intubation. After 4 weeks, samples of heart, liver, and blood were analyzed for @entity5928 concentrations. Results indicated that @entity5928 concentrations in all tissues analyzed were decreased in @entity5753 -treated @entity35 . @entity5753 -treated animals that were supplemented with @entity7447 had blood, heart, and liver @entity7447 concentrations that approximated or exceeded those of control animals. It is concluded that @entity5753 does indeed lower tissue concentrations of @entity5928 and that a return to normal can be achieved by supplementation with @entity5928 .

title: XXXX decreases coenzyme Q levels in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity12308 :: ('MESH:D008798', 'Chemical') :: ['mevalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['laboratory rat', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin', 'Lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity2453 :: ('MESH:C008047', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5753 :: (MESH:D008148,Chemical) :: ['Lovastatin']


abstract: Volume-regulated @entity2865 channels have recently been proposed to be end-effectors in @entity63 preconditioning. The present study attempted to confirm this hypothesis by looking both at cardioprotection and channel activity. In isolated @entity95 cardiomyocytes, hypo-osmotic stress (167 mosm/l) induced a current with a magnitude of 2-5 pA/pF at 60 mV. That current could be blocked by the selective @entity2865 channel blockers @entity44035 ( @entity44035 ) or @entity43009 94 ( @entity43009 ), but only at 100 microM and 1 m M respectively. Lower concentrations were not effective. Because the channel-blocking concentrations were toxic in isolated perfused @entity95 hearts, as evidenced by cessation of cardiac contraction and massive @entity1188 , neither agent could be tested against preconditioning's anti- @entity1188 effect. NPPB and @entity43009 at 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively (the doses used in a previous report), did not affect coronary flow, heart rate and developed pressure, and also did not prevent the @entity1188 size reduction of @entity63 preconditioning with 5 min global @entity63 /10 min reperfusion preceding 30 min of regional @entity63 and 120 min of reperfusion [11. 4(+/-3.6) and (11.1(+/-3.7)% @entity1188 of risk area, respectively]. The volume-regulated @entity2865 and organic osmolyte channel blocker @entity18850 ( @entity18850 ) at 100 microM blocked the hypo-osmotically induced current in myocytes, but again could not be used, since it induced total cessation of cardiac contraction and reduced @entity1188 size in non-preconditioned hearts. Our data do not confirm a prior study on a causal role for volume-regulated @entity2865 channels in the protection of @entity63 preconditioning. This hypothesis remains to be adequately tested.

title: No confirmation for a causal role of volume-regulated @entity2865 channels in XXXX preconditioning in @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity43009 :: ('MESH:C015765', 'Chemical') :: ['indanyloxyacetic acid', 'IAA-94']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity18850 :: ('MESH:D017878', 'Chemical') :: ['4, 4;-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2;-disulfonic acid', 'DIDS']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity44035 :: ('MESH:C058176', 'Chemical') :: ['NPPB', '5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) may be accompanied by @entity9718 ( @entity9718 ), which are related to the severity and @entity73 . We aimed to elucidate further the relationship between @entity73 and @entity9718 , analyzing the correlation between the severity of @entity9718 and cognitive functions, and the presence of @entity9718 and neuro-psychiatric features. METHODS: Data were obtained from a longitudinal study of 150 @entity73 outpatients. @entity1 underwent a clinical assessment including the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale, the @entity146 Inventory, the Tinetti Scale, and a standardized neuropsychological battery. Mild @entity9718 could be defined as being present ( @entity73 with mild @entity9718 ) using a subscale of UPDRS, based on three specific symptoms: @entity2845 , @entity2003 and @entity400 . RESULTS: The two groups, one with mild @entity9718 (24%) and one without @entity9718 (76%), differed in gait abnormalities and presence of @entity21 . Groups did not differ in terms of general cognitive functions evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination, while subjects with @entity73 with mild @entity9718 performed significantly worse than those with @entity73 without @entity9718 in total global score and in non-memory items of the @entity195 Assessment Scale. Moreover, severity of @entity9718 was significantly correlated with low performance on executive functions and with high performance on episodic memory. The group with @entity73 with mild @entity9718 were observed to have a greater prevalence of @entity1 with @entity148 , @entity308 , @entity25 than in @entity73 without @entity9718 . CONCLUSION: @entity73 may be associated with mild @entity191 signs, the severity of which are related to the severity of @entity73 , in particular of non-memory functions, and to a differential pattern of psycho-behavioral symptoms.

title: Mild XXXX signs and psycho-behavioral symptoms in subjects with mild @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity9718 :: ('MESH:D015419', 'Disease') :: ['extra pyramidal signs', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Mild cognitive impairment', 'type of cognitive impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian', 'Parkinson Disease']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['apathy and sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian']


abstract: Resistance to the quaternary ammonium disinfectant @entity3676 (BC) may be an important contributor to the ability of Listeria spp. to persist in the processing plant environment. Although a plasmid-borne disinfectant resistance cassette (bcrABC) has been identified in @entity5125 , horizontal transfer of these genes has not been characterized. Nonpathogenic Listeria spp. such as @entity16085 and @entity16086 are more common than @entity5125 in food processing environments and may contribute to the dissemination of disinfectant resistance genes in listeriae, including @entity5125 . In this study, we investigated conjugative transfer of resistance to BC and to @entity3409 from nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to other nonpathogenic listeriae, as well as to @entity5125 . BC-resistant @entity16086 and @entity16085 harboring bcrABC, along with the @entity3409 resistance determinant cadA2, were able to transfer resistance to other nonpathogenic listeriae as well as to @entity5125 of diverse serotypes, including strains from the 2011 cantaloupe outbreak. Transfer among nonpathogenic Listeria spp. was noticeably higher at 25  C than at 37  C, whereas acquisition of resistance by @entity5125 was equally efficient at 25 and 37  C. When the nonpathogenic donors were resistant to both BC and @entity3409 , acquisition of @entity3409 resistance was an effective surrogate for transfer of resistance to BC, suggesting coselection between these resistance attributes. The results suggest that nonpathogenic Listeria spp. may behave as reservoirs for disinfectant and heavy metal resistance genes for other listeriae, including the pathogenic species @entity5125 .

title: Coselection of XXXX and @entity3676 resistance in conjugative transfers from nonpathogenic Listeria spp. to other Listeriae.

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['benzalkonium chloride']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Intrinsic vasoactive substances, such as @entity750 and @entity934 , are known to provoke @entity3361 in @entity1 with @entity951 . It remains unclear, however, whether these different agents, which activate different receptors, produce @entity2473 at the same sites in these @entity1 . The present study was designed to clarify the disparity of receptor agonist-induced @entity3361 in the same @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted sequential provocative tests of @entity3361 by @entity934 , @entity750 , and @entity3693 in 20 @entity1 with @entity1459 examined with quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity3361 were provoked in all @entity1 at 27 @entity508 sites. In 13 @entity1 , @entity3693 provoked @entity2473 and in 10 of 13 @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity5968 , both @entity934 and @entity750 provoked @entity2473 at the same sites where @entity3693 also did. In 4 of 13 @entity1 , @entity2473 were provoked by @entity750 but not by @entity934 . In the remaining seven @entity1 , whose @entity2473 were induced by @entity3693 , @entity2473 were produced by @entity934 but not by @entity750 . On coronary angiography, the @entity508 sites for both @entity934 and @entity750 , and those for @entity750 alone, were located in the proximal segments of coronary arteries, whereas the @entity508 sites for @entity934 alone were located in the distal segments. CONCLUSIONS: This study documented the disparity between @entity750 - and @entity934 -induced @entity2473 . Provocative tests using agents that activate different receptors may produce @entity3361 at the same and/or different sites, and this disparity may reflect the clinical heterogeneity of @entity63 .

title: Disparity between XXXX - and @entity934 -provoked @entity3361 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5968 :: ('MESH:D000788', 'Disease') :: ['variant angina']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic ischemic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm', 'coronary artery spasms', 'Coronary artery spasms']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['rest angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['vasospastic angina']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3693 :: ('MESH:D004874', 'Chemical') :: ['ergonovine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Dysfunction of the @entity2339 might contribute to metabolic disturbances frequently encountered in @entity3918 . We hypothesized that abnormal adrenocortical sensitivity to @entity4545 and/or glucocorticoid metabolism could be important in @entity3918 . We assessed diurnal rhythmicity of saliva @entity701 , adrenocortical reactivity by a low-dose (1 microg) Synacthen test, and glucocorticoid metabolism in blood and urine in 42 @entity3918 @entity1 (22 males) and 50 controls (27 males). CTG triplet repeat expansions were quantified by Southern blot. Diurnal rhythmicity of saliva @entity701 was flattened in both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3918 , with significantly increased afternoon/evening levels (P < 0.013). The @entity701 response to @entity4545 was associated with increased (CTG)(n) expansions in @entity3918 @entity1 and @entity1 (P < 0.01). Male @entity3918 @entity1 also had increased activation of @entity701 from @entity821 by @entity11331 dehydrogenase type 1. Both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3918 had an increased 5alpha/5beta-reductase ratio (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). @entity701 metabolites were related to the @entity74 in @entity3918 @entity1 (P < 0.05), whereas ratios reflecting @entity11331 dehydrogenase type 1 activity in @entity3918 @entity1 were positively associated with @entity28 (P < 0.05). Increased @entity11331 dehydrogenase type 1 activity and adrenocortical reactivity to @entity4545 are related to the @entity74 in @entity3918 @entity1 , whereas abnormal glucocorticoid metabolism is associated with alterations in body composition in female @entity3918 @entity1 . These disturbances may explain altered circulating @entity701 levels and contribute to features of the @entity209 in @entity3918 .

title: Glucocorticoid metabolism and adrenocortical reactivity to @entity4545 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['myotonic dystrophy']


abstract: @entity2884 , a rare condition in @entity1 , affects the lungs primarily but may have significant extrapulmonary manifestations, especially in the central nervous system. We report a case of @entity2884 with onset after the completion of chemotherapy for @entity981 . Two months after treatment ended, the 7-year-old @entity1 developed @entity381 , cervical adenopathy, and bilateral @entity358 . She improved on @entity3524 but experienced a @entity410 1 month later. A computed tomography scan of the head was normal, but her @entity358 had become nodular. A computed tomography-guided biopsy of 1 of the nodules revealed cellular @entity401 . One month later, she had persistent @entity358 , marked @entity381 , and new @entity410 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed cerebral nodules. @entity2059 was begun, and the @entity358 resolved. Five months after her initial symptoms, she developed @entity36898 and a decreased level of consciousness. @entity619 was initiated. Needle biopsies of the brain were carried out, yielding the diagnosis of severe chronic inflammatory changes focally consistent with @entity738 . The @entity1 redeveloped @entity381 and fever, and then suffered an @entity697 with @entity519 , @entity7405 , @entity381 , and @entity299 . Open-lung biopsy revealed @entity2884 . Lymphoma-directed therapy was initiated, and the @entity1 had complete resolution of pulmonary and cerebral nodules 5 months later. No intrathecal chemotherapy was administered, and radiation therapy was not necessary. Neuropsychological testing obtained after completion of therapy revealed an improvement in attention, coordination, and fine motor speed over time. She is now in good health and attending school.

title: XXXX after @entity981 : report of effective therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2884 :: ('MESH:D008230', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomatoid granulomatosis', 'lymphomatoid granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity36898 :: ('MESH:D015845', 'Disease') :: ['tonic pupil']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensation']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infiltrates', 'interstitial pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac gallop']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole']

answer: @entity2884 :: (MESH:D008230,Disease) :: ['Lymphomatoid granulomatosis']