abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) in central facial locations and @entity5 with positive margins are at a higher risk of recurrence. The most effective treatment is total excision, which includes an adequate pathological margin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the outcome of the @entity1 who underwent surgery for BCCs of the head and neck and of those who had positive surgical margins where Mohs surgery is not available. METHODS: This study was conducted at Ege University Medical School between 2004 and 2014. One hundred thirty @entity1 with 154 @entity1491 who underwent surgical excision were included. In the histopathologic report, the existence of positive margin, @entity1491 subtype, localization of the @entity5 , and distance of margins to the @entity5 were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-three lesions (14.9%) of 22 @entity1 revealed positive surgical margins. Six @entity1 (26.1%) had recurrences on the surgical site. The @entity1491 subtypes of recurrent @entity1 were reported to be multifocal superficial in 2 (33.3%), infiltrative (16.7%) in 1, and micronodular (50%) in 3. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with superficial multifocal or micronodular @entity5 should undergo reoperation because of high recurrence rates.

title: Long-term Follow-up of Positive Surgical XXXX of the Face.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCC', 'Basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Margins in Basal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: This work investigates the effects of the long-acting @entity1943 analogue, @entity2390 also named @entity2390 or @entity2390 , on pancreatic growth in function of the dose and duration of treatment. @entity2390 was administered s.c. twice daily, while pancreatico-trophic peptides, @entity8629 and CCK-8 (1.8 nmol/kg b.wt.) or @entity17633 (3.6 nmol/kg b.wt.) were administered s.c. three times daily. @entity2390 (1,10,20 micrograms/kg b.wt.) administered for 4 days reduced pancreatic growth induced by @entity8629 in a dose-dependent manner. This effect, significant from 10 micrograms/kg, was more obvious with 20 micrograms/kg. At this latter dose, @entity2390 inhibited significantly the increase in pancreatic weight and protein, RNA, DNA and enzyme content induced by a 4- or 10-day treatment with @entity17633 . A similar effect was observed after a 4-day treatment with CCK-8, but after a 10-day treatment only protein and enzyme contents were reduced. @entity2390 by itself did not affect pancreatic size and composition after a 10-day treatment, but decreased enzyme content after a 4-day treatment. It is concluded that @entity2390 exerts an antitrophic effect on the @entity35 exocrine pancreas which depends on the dose and duration of treatment and can be modulated by the trophic factor applied for a long-term.

title: Effect of prolonged administration of long-acting somatostatin on XXXX , CCK-8 and @entity17633 induced pancreatic growth in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'SMS 201-995', 'Octreotide', 'Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity8629 :: ('MESH:D002108', 'Chemical') :: ['caerulein']

answer: @entity8629 :: (MESH:D002108,Chemical) :: ['caerulein']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To report the frequency and outcome of laparoscopy in @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 and/or pelvic mass who were found to have ovarian remnants. DESIGN: Cohort study. (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : One hundred nineteen @entity1 who had had hysterectomy and oophorectomy. INTERVENTION: Laparoscopic surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Ovarian remnants were known in 5 and were found intraoperatively in 21 @entity1 (18%). These 26 @entity1 had undergone at least one laparoscopy in an attempt to remove the remnants. After the ureter was identified, ovarian remnants were dissected and removed from the retroperitoneum laparoscopically with minimal risk of vessel or @entity130 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no conversions to laparotomy. In addition to ovarian remnants, adhesions were found in 19 @entity1 , @entity46 in 4, and no other pathology in 3. Twenty @entity1 had complete relief of symptoms. At follow-up of 1 to 8 years (mean 5 yrs), six underwent repeat laparoscopy for persistent @entity158 ; one had recurrent ovarian remnant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity43 is not an infrequent complication after hysterectomy and oophorectomy in @entity1 with @entity46 .

title: Frequency and laparoscopic management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian remnant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injury']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian remnant syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the hyoid bone position in @entity1 with clefts of lip, alveolus, and palate with orthodontic @entity1 with no cleft. DESIGN: Retrospective cephalometric long-term study. @entity1 : Lateral cephalograms of 23 @entity1 with a complete unilateral cleft were compared with those of 24 orthodontic @entity1 with no cleft with an Angle class 1 occlusion. Twenty-five of the @entity1 were @entity1 , and 22 were @entity1 . The age of the @entity1 with cleft at the beginning of the study was 8.1 +/- 0.7 years and at the end 14.8 +/- 0.6 years. The @entity1 without cleft were 8.4 +/- 0.8 years old at the beginning and 14.4 +/- 0.6 years at the end of the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the skull growth pattern as well as the positions of the head and hyoid bone twice in all 47 @entity1 . RESULTS: With increasing age of the @entity1 , the skull growth pattern changed from vertical to horizontal growth, but no significant differences were found between @entity1 with and without cleft. Head position did not differ significantly between @entity1 with and without cleft. However, hyoid bone position differed significantly. The hyoid in @entity1 with cleft was located more caudally and more anteriorly than in @entity1 without cleft. CONCLUSION: The hyoid bone in a subset of north German adolescents with @entity3384 was found to be caudal and anterior, compared with a control group.

title: Position of the hyoid bone in XXXX , alveolus, and palate: variation of normal anatomy or sign accompanying the malformation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'girls', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['complete unilateral cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['cleft lip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity presents a challenging problem in surgical treatment and has led to poorer postoperative outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hip arthroscopy in the @entity28 @entity1 influences postoperative clinical and @entity1 -reported outcome scores. METHODS: From February 2008 to February 2012, data were collected prospectively on all @entity1 undergoing primary hip arthroscopy. A total of 680 @entity1 were included. All @entity1 were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with four @entity1 -reported outcome measures. @entity158 was estimated on the visual analog scale. The @entity1 satisfaction score was measured. Three groups were stratified by body mass index. The non- @entity28 group, those with a body mass index of <30 kg/m(2) (mean, 23.61 kg/m(2)), included 562 @entity1 with a mean age of 34.78 years. The class-I @entity28 group, those with a body mass index of >= 30 to 34.9 kg/m(2) (mean, 33.85 kg/m(2)), included ninety-four @entity1 with a mean age of 44.02 years. The class-II @entity28 group, those with a body mass index of >= 35 to 39.9 kg/m(2) (mean, 39.11 kg/m(2)), included twenty-four @entity1 with a mean age of 39.33 years. RESULTS: In the non- @entity28 group, the score improvement from the preoperative assessment to the two-year follow-up visit was 63.41 to 83.81 points for the modified Harris hip score, 60.86 to 83.62 points for the Non-Arthritic Hip Score, 66.24 to 86.24 points for the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living, and 44.01 to 73.26 points for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale. In the class-I @entity28 group, the score improvement from the preoperative assessment to the two-year follow-up visit was 54.81 to 75.95 points for the modified Harris hip score, 48.98 to 72.51 points for the Non-Arthritic Hip Score, 53.22 to 72.99 points for the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living, and 30.56 to 60.75 points for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale. In the class-II @entity28 group, the score improvement from the preoperative assessment to the two-year follow-up visit was 50.81 to 80.01 points for the modified Harris hip score, 42.36 to 72.50 points for the Non-Arthritic Hip Score, 48.11 to 74.73 points for the Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living, and 28.25 to 62.56 points for the Hip Outcome Score Sport-Specific Subscale. Traction time did not vary significantly between groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that @entity28 @entity1 started with lower absolute scores preoperatively and ended with lower overall absolute postoperative scores. However, @entity28 @entity1 showed substantial benefit from hip arthroscopy and demonstrated a degree of improvement that was similar to that of the control non- @entity28 group. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Does XXXX affect outcomes after hip arthroscopy? A cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the prevalence of @entity3137 and periodontal conditions in @entity1 suffering from erosive @entity354 ( @entity354 ) compared with @entity354 ( @entity354 ) @entity1 , both treated with long term proton pump inhibitors (PPI). METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 with diagnosed @entity354 were studied: i.e. 29 @entity354 and 42 @entity354 @entity1 . Thorough @entity227 and a periodontal evaluation was performed. The primary outcome was defined as a statistically significant difference, between the two groups, in the presence of @entity5932 and specific periodontal parameters. RESULTS: This study failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between @entity354 and @entity354 @entity1 with respect to the prevalence of @entity3137 . However, significantly more @entity354 @entity1 suffered from severe @entity2521 (CAL >=  5 mm) as compared to @entity354 @entity1 . Accordingly, it may be assumed that PPI-use had no adverse effects on the prevalence of @entity3137 and on periodontal destruction. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study it may be concluded that @entity354 and @entity354 @entity1 need separate evaluation with respect to periodontal destruction. Moreover, long term PPI medication had no adverse clinical impact on @entity3137 and periodontal destruction. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the role of reflux in the periodontal destruction of @entity354 individuals.

title: Erosive esophageal reflux vs. non erosive esophageal reflux: oral findings in 71 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual examination of the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['acidic lesions of the oral mucosa']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal reflux disease', 'NERD', 'GERD', 'ERD', 'non erosive esophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosal lesions', 'acidic oral mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this paper is to assess symptomatic @entity21879 , the relief of symptoms by operation, and predictors of symptom relief. The methods used have been retrospective chart review and a self-assessment @entity1 questionnaire. One-hundred and thirty-three @entity1 underwent an average 1660-gm reduction. Ninety-three percent reported a postoperative decrease in symptoms such as shoulder grooves and shoulder, neck, and back @entity158 . Correlation between breast size and sign or symptom severity achieved significance only for the preoperative submammary rash (r = 0.33, p < 0.001). @entity1 lost an average of 8.9 lb postoperatively and were less overweight (49 versus 40 percent). Activity level increased postoperatively in 63 percent. Postoperative chest size correlated inversely with activity level (r = 0.35, p < 0.001). Thirty-nine percent of @entity1 who took @entity158 medications preoperatively were able to eliminate these postoperatively. The quantity of tissue removed did not correlate with outcome. A model predictive of symptom relief could not be developed (total R2 = 0.03). Reduction mammaplasty promoted relief of signs and symptoms of @entity21879 , but a predictive model of successful operation could not be developed.

title: Breast reduction for symptomatic XXXX : can objective predictors for operative success be identified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21879 :: ('MESH:C536821', 'Disease') :: ['macromastia']

answer: @entity21879 :: (MESH:C536821,Disease) :: ['macromastia']


abstract: Regucalcin is a novel @entity460 -binding protein which does not contain EF-hand motif as a @entity141 -binding domain. The organization of the @entity35 regucalcin gene consists of seven exons and six introns. Its mRNA is mainly present in liver but slightly in kidney with a size of 1.8 kb. Hepatic regucalcin mRNA expression is stimulated by various factors including @entity460 , @entity175 , insulin, and @entity2931 in @entity35 . The mRNA is also expressed in @entity157 cells ( @entity7283 and HepG2). Regucalcin plays a role in the maintenance of cytosolic @entity141 homeostasis in liver cells. Moreover, regucalcin has an inhibitory effect on @entity141 /calmodulin-dependent enzyme activation, protein kinase C activation, and many @entity141 -activated enzymes, indicating a role in the regulation of the @entity141 -signalling system. Recently, regucalcin has been demonstrated to regulate nuclear function in liver cells. Regucalcin can inhibit @entity141 -activated nuclear DNA fragmentation in @entity35 isolated liver nuclei. Furthermore, the liver nuclear DNA and RNA syntheses are inhibited by regucalcin. Such an effect of regucalcin is also seen in the nuclei of regenerating @entity35 liver. The regucalcin mRNA level is increased in regenerating liver. These findings suggest that regucalcin plays a regulatory role in the suppression for overexpression of proliferative cells.

title: Role of @entity460 -binding protein regucalcin in regenerating XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity7283 :: ('MESH:D008114', 'Disease') :: ['Morris hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In a retrospective study diagnostic procedures and outcome of treatment were evaluated in 33 @entity1 with traumatic spondylolisthesis of the @entity2270 ( @entity174 ) who were treated in our department between 1986 and 1999. There were 18 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 with an average age of 41 (17-88) years. The cause of the injury was in 23 cases an accident as a driver of a car, in 2 cases an accident with a bike, 2 @entity1 had an accident as a pedestrian. 5 @entity1 fell on their head and 1 @entity1 was hit by a beam. In 15 cases there were relevant accompanying @entity130 . To assess the stability of the injury, a subtle radiological examination was performed including functional X-rays. After introduction of the MRI and increasing experience with the method as a standard procedure in clinical practice it was used instead of functional X-rays to get a direct image of the involvement of the discoligamental structures.17 @entity1 with stable lesions were treated conservatively, 15 with a Minerva-cast, 2 with a halo-jacket. One polytraumatized @entity1 had temporary immobilization with a stiff-neck. 16 @entity1 with discoligamental instability C2/3 were treated operatively by Robinson-spondylodesis with additional anterior plating. In one case an additional posterior fusion was necessary. After 6-8 weeks all of the conservative treated @entity1 achieved solid bony consolidation. The @entity1 operated on did so as well within 6 to 8 weeks. Two polytraumatized @entity1 died. 18 of the 31 surviving @entity1 were free of @entity158 . 12 @entity1 complained of @entity158 or tension of the cervical muscles during physical stress. 1 @entity1 suffered of paresthesia of the ulnar left hand. Average duration of hospital stay was 12,9 days (1-47). All working @entity1 returned to their job. Differences in the outcome of the conservative and the operative treatment group could not be seen. We derive from these results that @entity174 , mostly caused by a hyperextension @entity130 , achieve solid bony fusion by conservative treatment in most of the cases. The Minerva-cast has proved its capability. In cases of instable luxation @entity174 including tearment of the anterior longitudinal ligament and affection of the intervertebral disc C2/3 we suggest operative stabilization. We prefer the modified Robinson-spondylodesis with additional anterior plating which proved its value as a method achieving solid bony fusion combined with low rate of complications.

title: [Pathomorphology, diagnosis and treatment of "hangman's XXXX "].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', "Hangman's fractures", "Hangman's fracture"]

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The determination of cytokine concentrations in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) may contribute to the diagnosis of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) since cytokines have been ascribed an important role in @entity378 pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of @entity310 , @entity379 and @entity1199 levels in serum and BALF of smear-negative @entity1907 @entity1 . METHOD: BALF was obtained from the affected lobe in @entity1 with smear-negative @entity378 or @entity358 ( @entity358 ), and from the right middle lobe in healthy controls. ELISA and a nephelometric method were used to detect cytokine and albumin levels. RESULTS: @entity310 levels in BALF were significantly elevated in the @entity378 group (n = 15) compared with the @entity358 @entity1 (n = 40) and controls (n = 17; p < 0.001). Although these three cytokines correlated well with each other in BALF (p < 0.0001, and r >or= 0.7, respectively), BALF @entity1199 and @entity379 levels were not significantly different among the groups (p > 0.05). BALF @entity310 or @entity379 levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity66 (n = 11) versus those without (n = 61; p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between cavitary (n = 7) and non-cavitary @entity378 in cytokine levels (p > 0.05). Neither gender nor smoking status showed any statistical differences in cytokines in the groups (p > 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity of BALF @entity310 were found to be 73 and 76%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values for BALF @entity310 were 44 and 91%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In cases of smear-negative @entity378 , BALF @entity310 can be a useful tool to identify healthy subjects rather than smear-negative @entity378 @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of cytokine levels ( XXXX , @entity1199 and @entity379 ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smear-negative @entity1907 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['other pulmonary diseases', 'OPD']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: @entity19 expressing genetically encoded activity indicators are an attractive means of mapping mesoscopic regional functional cortical connectivity given widespread stable and cell-specific expression compatible with chronic recordings. Cortical functional connectivity was evaluated using wide-field imaging in lightly anesthetized @entity66066 -creXRosa26-GCaMP3 @entity19 expressing @entity460 sensor in cortical neurons. Challenges exist because green fluorescence signals overlap with endogenous activity-dependent autofluorescence and are affected by changes in blood volume and oxygenation. Under the conditions used for imaging and analysis (0.1-1 Hz frequency band), autofluorescence and hemodynamic effects contributed 3% and 8% of the SD of spontaneous activity-dependent GCaMP3 fluorescence when signals were recorded through intact bone. To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of this approach, the topology of functional connections between somatomotor cortex (primary S1 and secondary S2 somatosensory, and primary motor cortex M1) was estimated. During sequences of spontaneous activity, @entity460 signals recorded at each location of area S1 were correlated with activity in contralateral area S1, ipsilateral area S2, and bilateral areas M1. Reciprocal results were observed when "seed pixels" were placed in S2 and M1. Coactivation of areas implies functional connections but could also be attributed to both regions receiving common upstream drive. These apparent connections revealed during spontaneous activity coactivation by GCaMP3 were confirmed by intracortical microstimulation but were more difficult to detect using intrinsic signals from reflected red light. We anticipate GCAMP wide-field imaging will enable longitudinal studies during plasticity paradigms or after models of @entity149 , such as @entity64 , where the weighting within these connectivity maps may be altered.

title: Mesoscale Transcranial Spontaneous Activity Mapping in GCaMP3 XXXX Reveals Extensive Reciprocal Connections between Areas of Somatomotor Cortex.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Transgenic Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed, in a @entity19 @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) model, that lung irradiation plus vaccination with @entity5 cells producing recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), @entity60 ( @entity60 ) and @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) (Renca/cytokine) reduces the number of lung metastases by over 90%. The present study investigates the host cellular mechanisms mediating this anti- @entity5 activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lung metastases were produced by injection of BALB/c @entity19 i.v. with wild-type Renca cells (wt Renca) on day 0. The @entity19 were then injected s.c. with irradiated Renca/cytokine vaccine cells on days 4, 8 and 11. Lungs were irradiated (300 rads) on day 7. Natural killer (NK) cells or T cells were depleted by injection i.p. with an antibody against anti-asialo @entity11688 or @entity3512 , respectively. @entity14018 ( @entity14018 ) was injected i.p. to activate NK cells. @entity2 were enumerated on day 21. RESULTS: The anti-asialo GM I antibody totally abolished the antitumor activity elicited by the combined vaccination/radiation treatment regime. In contrast, anti-Thyl.2 antibody did not significantly decrease treatment efficacy. Poly I:C elicited over 95% reduction in lung metastases and strong NK activation as assayed against @entity9599 cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that NK cells and granulocytes are predominantly involved in the antitumor action elicited by the cytokine-secreting @entity5 cell vaccine in this metastatic @entity1358 model.

title: Combination of radiation and vaccination with @entity5 cells expressing XXXX , @entity60 and @entity2304 for treatment of @entity19 renal carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid', 'poly I:C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity2047 :: (16183(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been reported to play an important role in @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 . The bioactivity of MMPs in liver @entity3 from @entity14 was investigated and correlated with clinicopathological variables. METHOD: Thirty-two @entity1 underwent resection of @entity14 . Latent and active forms of MMP were measured in tissue extracts, by means of quantitative gelatin zymography and a fluorometric activity assay. RESULTS: Broad-spectrum MMP activity, and levels of both active and latent forms of @entity1476 and @entity1495 , were higher in tissues containing metastatic @entity5 than in normal liver tissue. Median metastatic to normal tissue ratios were 15.0 and 17.6 for active and proMMP-2 respectively, and those for active and proMMP-9 were 6.2 and 2.9. The ratios of active to latent enzyme were higher in metastatic tissue than in normal tissue. Lowered @entity1476 activity was associated with large metastatic lesions and increased proMMP-9 levels with preoperative chemotherapy. Both @entity1476 and @entity1495 activity were linked unfavourably to early recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: These data suggest a role for MMPs in @entity14 , but indicate different roles for individual MMPs.

title: Matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 activity in XXXX with @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer liver metastasis', 'colorectal cancer liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: From January 1978 to June 1979, 29 selected, previously untreated @entity1 with unfavorable histology of @entity1893 (12 DPDL, 7 @entity3918 , 9 DH and 1 DU) were submitted to the combination chemotherapy @entity3726 ( @entity786 , 750 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; @entity632 , 50 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1; @entity1891 , 1.4 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1, and @entity229 , 100 mg p.o. on day 1 through 5) every 21 days. Eighteen @entity1 were in early stage (I or II) and 11 of them were also submitted to involved field radiotherapy (60Co), immediately before (stage I) or during (stage II) the chemotherapy, with a mean dosage of 4,500 rad. The remaining 11 @entity1 were in advanced stage (III or IV) of disease and were treated with chemotherapy alone. We obtained 20 complete remissions (68%), 8 partial remissions (28%) and 1 no response (4%) to therapy. Sixteen of 18 @entity1 (89%) in early stages and 4 of 11 @entity1 (36%) in advanced stages achieved a complete remission. The @entity236 of the chemotherapy was moderate. @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity294 were frequent but well controlled by the support therapy. The actuarial survival rate of @entity1 , after 18 months of follow-up, is 41% (40% in complete remission). The @entity1 who achieved a complete remission are alive and 65% of them still relapse free. We believe that the combination chemotherapy @entity3726 improves the complete remission rate as well as the survival of @entity1 with unfavorable histology of @entity1893 .

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity786 , XXXX , @entity1891 and @entity229 ( @entity3726 ) for @entity1893 with unfavorable histology: preliminary results.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic ( @entity14087 ) and @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ). In this study, we investigated the modulation of apoptosis-related liver proteins in @entity1560 . METHODS: Hepatocyte apoptosis was evaluated by the TUNEL assay in liver tissue of 12 @entity1 with @entity7936 , 12 with @entity14087 and in histologically normal controls. In addition, @entity522 processing was evaluated by immunoblot analysis. Expression of death receptors, @entity588 family members, and NF-kappaB inhibitor (IkappaB) were determined by western blot. Liver biopsies were also graded for @entity32 and @entity82 . RESULTS: Apoptotic hepatocytes were markedly increased in @entity7936 (P<0.05) and @entity14087 (P<0.001) as compared to controls. Active @entity522 was also elevated in @entity1560 (P<0.01), coinciding with upregulation of pro-apoptotic @entity589 (P<0.001). Further, production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-receptor 1 was increased up to 4-fold (P<0.05). Degradation of IkappaB increased >70% in @entity1560 (P<0.001). Notably, @entity588 was also strongly expressed (>100-fold; P<0.001). These data were significantly correlated with relative degrees of @entity32 . CONCLUSION: The results show that @entity99 in @entity7936 and @entity14087 is associated with apoptosis and NF-kappaB activation. Anti-apoptotic @entity588 is strongly expressed, probably reflecting an adaptive response to @entity28 or @entity167 -related stress.

title: Apoptosis and @entity588 expression in the livers of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['portal and lobular inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['NASH', 'non-alcoholic steatohepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['steatohepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who develop a reinfarction are at increased risk for subsequent reinfarctions and @entity204 . However, follow-up studies in these @entity1 are rare. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the risk of mortality after a first @entity296 and to determine the independent contribution of nonfatal reinfarction to the risk of subsequent mortality. METHODS: The prognostic value of nonfatal reinfarction was assessed in a large series (n=3097) of @entity1 with a first @entity583 who participated in the ASPECT trial, comparing @entity1524 or matching placebo. RESULTS: A second @entity583 was documented in 299 @entity1 (82% Q-wave @entity1188 ), 45 (15%) of which were fatal. Of the 254 nonfatal reinfarctions, 31 @entity1 (12%) died during subsequent follow-up. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, the relative risks of nonfatal reinfarction for subsequent cardiac mortality at one month were: 2.90 (1.49-5.64), at one year: 2.50 (1.47-4.23) and at three years: 2.71 (1.77-4.17). Rates of @entity204 or a second reinfarction in @entity1 who did not undergo a revascularisation procedure after a first reinfarction were almost three times higher than in @entity1 who did have PTCA or bypass surgery after a reinfarction (38% versus 14%; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: This study population with three-year follow-up confirms that nonfatal reinfarction carries a strong and independent risk for recurrent reinfarction and subsequent mortality. Thus, prevention of reinfarction by intensive treatment might contribute in reduction of mortality.

title: Prognostic significance of nonfatal @entity296 in survivors of a first XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reinfarction']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Revision shoulder arthroplasty can be complicated by osseous and soft tissue deficiencies. @entity79 can result in diminished implant stability and reduced functional outcomes, and some studies have advocated the use of humeral allograft in this setting. This study compares the outcomes of revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in @entity1 both with and without proximal humeral @entity604 . METHODS: During a 6-year period, 32 @entity1 were revised to RTSA for failed shoulder hemiarthroplasty. @entity79 was found in 16 @entity1 , with an average loss of 36.3  mm (range, 17.2-66  mm). @entity1 were followed up an average of 51.2  months with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test score, visual analog scale score for @entity158 , subjective outcome ratings, and radiographs. RESULTS: Significant improvement was found for average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (30.7 to 66.8), Simple Shoulder Test score (1.6 to 5.3), visual analog scale score (6.0 to 2.6), and forward flexion (51   to 100  ) but not for external rotation (15   to 19.1  ). No difference was demonstrated for functional or subjective outcomes compared with @entity1 with intact humeral bone, except for active motion. On radiographic examination, 3 @entity1 demonstrated humeral-sided loosening. Five complications were noted in @entity1 with humeral @entity604 . CONCLUSION: Revision RTSA can provide successful outcomes in the presence of proximal humeral @entity604 without the use of allograft. Implant stability may be improved by the use of a cemented long-stem monoblock humeral prosthesis in revision settings.

title: The effect of proximal humeral XXXX on revision reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Proximal humeral bone loss']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND:: @entity2828 family of @entity5 (ESFT) of the kidney are exceedingly rare. Given the rarity of this @entity5 and the complexity associated with its management, information regarding treatment and outcome is warranted. MATERIALS AND METHODS:: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 with ESFT of the kidney who were treated at MDACC between January 1, 2001 and January 1, 2011. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS:: Thirteen @entity1 were identified (median age, 33 y; male:female 11:2). Common presenting symptoms were @entity615 , @entity812 , and @entity811 . Six @entity1 had @entity3 at presentation. Initial diagnostic biopsy was performed in 6 @entity1 . Immunohistochemistry showed strong positivity for @entity3778 ( @entity3778 ) and cytogenetic analysis demonstrated evidence of @entity12726 fusion gene in 8 cases. Nine @entity1 underwent nephrectomy. Frequently used chemotherapy regimens consisted of @entity1891 , @entity632 , and @entity1260 . Median overall survival was 17.2 months. Three @entity1 were alive at the time of analysis, at 2, 7, and 11 years from diagnosis (the latter without evidence of disease). CONCLUSIONS:: Renal ESFT carry a guarded prognosis with limited response to therapy and short median overall survival. For @entity1 with @entity3 , diagnostic biopsy and @entity242 -based chemotherapy regimens are recommended as upfront therapeutic strategy. The role of nephrectomy in the metastatic setting is unclear. Future studies with novel therapies are needed.

title: Outcomes of Adults With Ewing Sarcoma XXXX (ESFT) of the Kidney: A Single-Institution Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Family of Tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Purpose: A number of studies report neurological and @entity73 and @entity74 in @entity1 after surgical treatment for a @entity5 . The present study explores functional outcome in adolescents and adults treated for a low-grade @entity76 in childhood. Materials and methods: @entity1 were 18 adolescents and 46 adults treated for low-grade @entity816 in childhood. @entity4207 achievement, professional status and neurological, cognitive and behavioural disturbances were collected using self-completed and parental questionnaires for adolescents and phone interview for adults. For the adolescent group, a control group filled in the same questionnaires. Results: Mean time lapse from surgery was 7.8 years for adolescents and 12.9 years for adults. Five adults (11%) had major sequelae related to @entity532 , post-operative mutism and/or brain stem involvement. All the other @entity1 presented close-to-normal @entity4207 achievement and normal autonomy, despite a high rate of reported cognitive difficulties and difficulties related to mild @entity16 (fine motor skills, balance). Conclusion: The long-term functional outcome of low-grade @entity76 is generally favourable, in the absence of @entity532 and brain stem involvement. No major impact of @entity51 , @entity73 and emotional disorders on @entity4207 achievement and independent functioning was observed.

title: Long-term functional outcome of XXXX with cerebellar @entity816 surgically treated in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign cerebellar tumour']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural disorders']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'Academic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To assess, in a prospective clinical research study, a new non-invasive and reliable test to accurately detect @entity5 protein 53 (TP53) and fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR3) mutations in cells in urine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: TP53 mutations were analyzed using the functional analysis of separated allele in @entity375 (FASAY) method, which allows functional analysis of the P53 protein, and FGFR3 mutations were assessed with the SNaPshot system, detecting the eight most frequent point-mutations of this gene. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to compare TP53 and FGFR3 mutations in the @entity5 according to @entity5 stage and grade. RESULTS: TP53 and FGFR3 mutations in @entity150 increased and decreased respectively with increasing @entity5 stage and cellular grade (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). A total of 103 @entity5 /urinary sediment couples were analyzed. TP53 or FGFR3 mutations were observed in 76 @entity5 . The sensitivity for the detection of this type of mutation in urine was 46%, the specificity was 81%, the positive predictive value was 94% and the negative predictive value was 37%. CONCLUSION: Our original data confirmed the feasibility of TP53 and FGFR3 mutation detection in urine sediment. These measurements, together with urine cytology, may increase @entity5 detection. The sensitivity of the TP53/FGFR3 phenotype test in the urine was less than 50% and was not able to replace standard cystoscopy in the diagnosis of @entity150 .

title: TP53 and FGFR3 Gene Mutation Assessment in Urine: Pilot Study for XXXX Diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A multicentre study was carried out in Ghana and southern India to determine the aetiology of suppurative keratitis in two regions located at similar tropical latitudes. Studies of @entity364 from the literature were reviewed. METHODS: @entity1 presenting at @entity735 with suspected microbial keratitis were recruited to the study. Corneal ulceration was defined as loss of corneal epithelium with clinical evidence of infection with or without hypopyon. Microscopy and culture were performed on all corneal specimens obtained. RESULTS: 1090 @entity1 were recruited with suspected microbial keratitis between June 1999 and May 2001. Overall the principal causative micro-organisms in both regions were filamentous fungi (42%): Fusarium species and Aspergillus species were the commonest fungal isolates. Pseudomonas species were most frequently isolated from cases of @entity1036 in Ghana but in India the commonest bacterial isolates were streptococci. CONCLUSION: Infections of the @entity267 due to filamentous fungi are a frequent cause of @entity16 in developing countries in the tropics and are difficult to treat. Microscopy is an essential tool in the diagnosis of these infections. A knowledge of the "local" aetiology within a region is of value in the management of suppurative keratitis in the event that microscopy cannot be performed.

title: Aetiology of suppurative corneal ulcers in Ghana and south India, and epidemiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['corneal damage']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban eye units']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal keratitis']


abstract: We investigated the long-term clinical results of @entity348 ( @entity348 ) by cementless fixation of @entity5383 ceramic unlinked elbow prostheses (J- @entity5383 ceramic elbows: JACE) for the reconstruction of @entity2720 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Seventeen elbows in 17 @entity1 (aged 44-72 years, average 54.8) replaced by JACE @entity348 without bone cement were investigated. The average follow-up period was 10.7 (range, 1.0-19.3) years. Clinical conditions of each elbow before and after surgery were assessed according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI). Radiographic loosening was defined as a progressive radiolucent line of more than 1 mm that was completely circumferential around the intramedullary stem. The average MEPI significantly improved from 46.8 points preoperatively to 66.8 points at final follow-up (p=0.0226). However, @entity1349 was noted in 10 of 17 elbows (58.8%) and revision surgery was required in 7 (41.2%). Most loosening was observed on the humeral side. With radiographic loosening and revision surgery defined as the end points, the likelihoods of prosthesis survival were 41.2% and 51.8%, respectively, up to 15 years by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The clinical results of JACE implantation without bone cement were disappointing, with high revision and loosening rates of the humeral component.

title: Results of Total Elbow Arthroplasty with Cementless Implantation of an @entity5383 Ceramic Elbow Prosthesis for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TEA', 'total elbow arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some @entity1200 have been described in seronegative @entity5145 ( @entity5145 ). The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity687 , which are proinflammatory cytokines in active and inactive @entity1 with @entity5145 , to compare the results with those of controls and to investigate a relationship with clinical activity and acute phase proteins. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 (34 males and eight females) and 22 healthy controls (17 M and 5 F) were included in the study. All @entity1 fulfilled Amor criteria for the classification of @entity5145 . Among @entity1 23 had active and 19 had inactive disease. @entity1356 , @entity310 and @entity687 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA), acute phase proteins were measured by nephelometric assay. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between mean @entity1356 levels of @entity1 groups and controls. Serum mean @entity310 levels in active and inactive @entity1 were significantly increased as compared to that in the controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Serum mean @entity687 levels in active @entity1 was significantly increased as compared to that in the controls and in inactive @entity1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). High serum @entity687 levels correlated well with C-reactive protein and haptoglobulin, but there was no correlation between @entity1356 or @entity310 levels and acute phase proteins such as C-reactive protein, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin and haptoglobulin. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that serum @entity687 may reflect clinical activity of the disease and may be helpful for monitoring @entity1 with @entity5145 .

title: Serum levels of @entity1356 , XXXX , @entity687 , and acute phase proteins in seronegative @entity5145 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['SpA', 'spondyloarthropathies']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-alpha']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether the oxidative stress is involved in the evolution of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) into @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ) and @entity5 related proteins ( @entity588 , @entity876 and Ki-67) expressions were evaluated in these pathologies. @entity1 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical method was applied on 25 thyroid tissues. Allred score (AS) serving to evaluate the immunostaining is based on a scale from 0 to 8. "Negligible expression" was assigned to a score of 0 to 2, "expression" and "overexpression" were attributed to a score of 3-5 and >= 6 respectively. RESULTS: @entity5 cells exhibited 100% @entity20821 "overexpression" compared to 87.5% in @entity3557 non-malignant epithelial (NME) ones (p<0.05). Higher @entity20821 AS was found in @entity3557 NME cells compared to @entity2743 and @entity2621 (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively). "Overexpression" of @entity588 was noted in all @entity3557 cell types. Remarkably, just like the @entity5 and NME cells 33.3% of @entity2621 and 50% of @entity2743 @entity1 ' revealed simultaneous "overexpression" of @entity588 and @entity20821 in epithelial cells. No staining was detected for @entity876 in all pathologies. @entity3557 lymphoid cells exhibited 100% "overexpression" for @entity20821 and @entity588 with concomitant "negligible expression" for Ki-67 in 87.5% of @entity1 . In contrast, @entity2621 lymphoid cells showed 22.2% "expression" and @entity2743 62.5% "expression" and 12.5% "overexpression" of Ki-67. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous "overexpression" of @entity20821 and @entity588 in @entity2743 and @entity2621 could be considered as prognostic markers while "negligible expression" of Ki-67 in @entity3557 lymphoid cells suggests an anergic state favoring the @entity5 escapes from the immune system.

title: A comparative study of nuclear 8-hydroxyguanosine expression in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases and @entity3557 and its relationship with XXXX , @entity588 and Ki-67 @entity5 related proteins.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine", '8-OHdG']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto thyroiditis', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'PTC cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity5642 necrosis of the skin is rare and appears as hemorrhagic infiltrates that may develop @entity1066 necrosis, mainly on the acral areas. The face, arms, and legs were severely involved in our @entity1 . In this @entity1 @entity5642 was associated with @entity63398 , @entity6 , and IgM @entity6894 autoantibodies. In addition, rheumatoid factor, elevated polyclonal IgA, and @entity2104 were present as risk factors for the @entity455 . Skin biopsy specimens showed plugging of dermal venules by thrombi formed of fibrin and erythrocytes. Immunohistologic staining revealed a strong positive reaction for fibrinogen, with some positivity for C3, C4, IgG, IgA, and IgM. Erythrocyte extravasation occurred in late lesions without being accompanied by perivascular leukocytic infiltrates. Detailed clinical examination failed to identify an underlying @entity5 . Treatment with heparin and @entity617 produced only a brief remission. However, the combination of @entity5805 (7 mg/day orally) with low-dose oral @entity617 (10 mg/day) for several weeks controlled the disease and greatly reduced the cryofibrinogen. No relapse occurred after discontinuation of treatment.

title: @entity5642 necrosis of the skin associated with @entity63398 , XXXX , and @entity6894 autoantibodies.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerating']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Intravascular coagulation', 'intravascular coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63398 :: ('MESH:C536218', 'Disease') :: ['cryofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The seroprevalence of maternal and neonatal @entity1956 surface antigen (HBsAg) was determined prospectively through unlinked anonymous testing of volunteers at delivery at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Six hundred and forty (320 mother-cord blood pairs) samples were assayed for HBsAg using @entity1956 latex test kit (Biotech Laboratory Ltd, UK). Repeatedly reactive samples were confirmed by the use of ELISA kit (Wellcome Laboratory, UK). None of these @entity1 had had a blood transfusion or @entity1956 vaccination in the past, and none was an intravenous drug abuser. The maternal seroprevalence was 2.19%. This means one of every 45 pregnant @entity1 was a carrier of the antigen. The neonatal seroprevalence and the vertical transmission rate were 0.96% and 42.86%, respectively. The endemicity of this occasionally fatal disease is thus being propagated. We advocate universal free screening and immunisation of our pregnant @entity1 and their @entity1 as part of the antenatal and childhood immunization programmes. Healthcare providers should be vaccinated routinely.

title: Maternal and neonatal seroprevalence of XXXX surface antigen (HBsAg) in Benin City, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['hepatitis B']


abstract: @entity7893 , a form of @entity465 , is an uncommon condition. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms may be the only presentation. A series of 22 @entity1 who presented with GI symptoms and were diagnosed with @entity7893 is presented. @entity294 was the presentation in majority (90.9  %) of @entity1 . Malabsorption was identified in 87.5  % of @entity1 followed by @entity353 (59.0  %), @entity490 (27.2  %), and oral @entity1066 (4.5  %). The median duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 4  years, range being 6  months to 23  years. Evaluation revealed @entity1292 including @entity461 in 31.8  % and @entity2432 , Isospora belli, @entity2803 and Aeromonas in 4.5  % each. Serum globulins were low in all @entity1 . Duodenal biopsy showed paucity of plasma cells in 45  %, villous @entity194 in 35  % and @entity4383 in 30  % @entity1 . Though uncommon, @entity7893 is associated with @entity344 . The possibility of a @entity465 should be considered in @entity1 presenting with GI symptoms and low serum globulin.

title: @entity7893 -associated XXXX -A case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['Cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium parvum']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia', 'hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total removal of the gastric conduit (TRGC) due to @entity356 after esophagectomy often results in high operative morbidity and mortality rates, especially when done in the posterior mediastinum. This is one of the reasons for the retro-sternal or subcutaneous route being preferred for gastric conduit replacement in @entity418 operation. @entity1 : Five out of 680 post-operative @entity418 @entity1 underwent TRGC via thoracotomy and laparotomy due to posterior mediastinal @entity356 . RESULTS: In these @entity1 , advanced @entity356 were found at an average of 84 months (ranging 57-136 months) after @entity418 surgery and preoperative risk factors for TRGC were found in age, nutrition, and pulmonary function. The operative time for TRGC was long (average 670 min) but not associated with operative complications, while @entity190 varied among @entity1 , with one with the most operative @entity190 dying after surgery due to pyothorax and @entity177 . This case, and another early case subjected to TRGC first with thoracotomy then followed by laparotomy, showed more operative @entity190 (10,895 and 3,260 ml) than the later three @entity1 (2,370, 1,900, and 1,780 ml), who underwent laparotomy before thoracotomy with ligation of the blood supply of the gastric conduit and lysis of adhesion around gastric conduit in the lower mediastinum from the abdomen. CONCLUSION: TRGC in the posterior mediastinum would be safer if operative manipulation were started from laparotomy in order to reduce operative @entity190 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;85:204-208.

title: Total removal of the posterior mediastinal gastric conduit due to XXXX after esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric conduit cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: The aetiology of the primary @entity13571 remains obscure. Recent years have seen significant advances in our understanding of @entity32 and in particular the role of and interaction between the vascular endothelium, mediators and immune effector cells. This has helped to further elucidate those specific processes relevant to @entity1333 which result in endothelial cell damage. In @entity2883 and @entity573 the evidence favours an autoimmune inflammatory response characterised by specific mediators in which the endothelium is both target and active @entity1 . Current treatment of these disorders with combinations of @entity288 and cytotoxics is highly effective in inducing remission. However, long-term use of this therapy is potentially toxic and there remains also a significant risk of relapse. It is hoped that increased understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity13571 will enable more specific, less toxic and more effective therapies to be defined. Jayne et al. have suggested a beneficial effect of intravenous pooled normal @entity1 immunoglobulin (IVIG) in @entity1 with ANCA-positive @entity1333 . In vitro studies have shown that IVIG contains antiidiotypic antibodies to ANCA and AECA, capable of inhibiting the binding of these autoantibodies to their autoantigens. In vivo, IVIG may also provide the immunoregulatory elements needed for the idiotype network and control of the autoimmune repertoire. Mathieson et al. successfully used monoclonal antibodies to T cells (Campath-H directed against @entity7638 ) in a @entity1 with ANCA-negative @entity1333 . Monoclonal antibodies to CAMs have been used in @entity1 @entity8 and reduced the @entity32 and @entity644 in animal models of @entity8 . In @entity1333 , the therapeutic use of specific anti-CAM antibodies may result from further definition of the role of CAMs. Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of @entity13571 is likely to provide the basis for the use of more specific immunotherapies in the future.

title: Mechanisms of endothelial cell injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participant', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant rejection', 'anti-glomerular basement membrane disease']

entities_list: @entity13571 :: ('MESH:D056647', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vasculitis', 'systemic vasculitides']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic polyarteritis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['dermal lymphocytic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis"]

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['vasculitis']


abstract: This study aimed to identify lifestyle factors with impact on 30-day mortality and complications after surgery for a first time @entity14 . All @entity1 in Denmark within a 20 month period were registered in a nationwide database; 57% were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used, adjusted for age, sex and disease- or treatment related factors. BMI=30 kg/m2 increased the risk of complications in general (CIG), @entity73 ( @entity73 ), deep wound @entity281 and mortality. Smoking increased the risk of CIG, @entity73 and mortality. @entity167 increased the risk of @entity73 and @entity834 . Self perceived physical fitness at or below average increased the risk of CIG, @entity715 , and mortality. The population attributable risk was 23% for complications and 64% for mortality. The results suggest that lifestyle factors are important for the course of the 30-day postoperative period. Lifestyle factors should be considered in future prediction models for outcome after @entity14 surgery.

title: Lifestyle and 30-day complications to surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing', 'IWH']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Wide resection of infected bone improves the odds of achieving remission of @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity6275 . @entity146 debridement is followed by the creation of large bone defects. The use of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers, as a customized dead space management tool, has grown in popularity. In addition to certain biological advantages, the spacer offers a therapeutic benefit by serving as a vehicle for delivery of local adjuvant antibiotics. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of physician-directed antibiotic-impregnated PMMA spacers in achieving remission of chronic @entity4034 . This retrospective case series involves eight @entity1 with @entity6275 of the tibial diaphysis managed with bone transport through an induced membrane using circular external fixation. All @entity1 were treated according to a standardized treatment protocol. A review of the anatomical nature of the disease, the physiological status of the host and the outcome of treatment in terms of remission of @entity281 , time to union and the complications that occurred was carried out. Seven @entity1 , with a mean bone defect of 7  cm (range 5-8  cm), were included in the study. At a mean follow-up of 28  months (range 18-45  months), clinical eradication of @entity4034 was achieved in all @entity1 without the need for further reoperation. The mean total external fixation time was 77  weeks (range 52-104  weeks), which equated to a mean external fixation index of 81  days/cm (range 45-107). Failure of the skeletal reconstruction occurred in one @entity1 who was not prepared to continue with further reconstructive surgery and requested amputation. Four major and four minor complications occurred. The temporary insertion of antibiotic-impregnated PMMA appears to be a useful dead space management technique in the treatment of post-infective @entity79 . Although the technique does not appear to offer an advantage in terms of the external fixation index, it may serve as a useful adjunct in order to achieve @entity281 .

title: Bone transport through an induced membrane in the management of @entity79 resulting from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Aggressive']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['tibial osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['tibial bone defects']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1789 ( @entity1789 ) is the major cause ofsudden death in Thai adults, especially Thai migrant workers in Singapore and Taiwan. Temporal variations of @entity944 of Thai @entity1 abroad are not well known. OBJECTIVE: To study the month, day and time of death of presumptive @entity944 (PSD) in Singapore, Taiwan. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors reviewed the death certificates of Thai @entity1 who died in Singapore and Taiwan and previously @entity1789 reported cases form Singapore. The time, day and month ofPSD and Non-PSD deaths in Singapore and Taiwan were compared. RESULTS: From January 1994 to January 1995, 46 @entity1789 died in Singapore (gr A), from May 2000 to August 2002, 39 PSD died in Singapore (gr B), from January 1999 to May 2002, 100 presumptive or probable sudden @entity204 (PSUDS) died in Taiwan (gr C) and 254 Non-PSD death aboard (gr D) as controls. The annual @entity1789 /PSD death rates (per 100,000) in Singapore were 91.1 in 1994, 30.7 in 2001 and 33.5 in Taiwan in 2000. All but two @entity1789 /PSD cases were male. The mean age in gr A + B and C were 34.9 + 7.5 and 33.1 +/- 6.0 years old respectively. In gr. A, B and C, compared with gr D, Tuesday was the weekday of lowest @entity1789 /PSD death rate and Saturday was the highest. (p < 0.05). Time of death in gr B and C were peak during midnight to 8 a.m. and there was some trend of seasonal variation in occurrence of @entity1789 /PSD with the peak death rate in April and trough death rate in September; which is significantly different from gr D (1.49% vs 10.89% of all deaths, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The presented data demonstrate some temporal variations in @entity1789 /PSD death aboard. The @entity944 of Thai @entity1 in Singapore and Taiwan may be more prevalent in the "work-to-rest" than "rest-to-work" periods.

title: The temporal variations of presumptive @entity944 of Thai XXXX in Singapore and Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['SUDS', 'Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained death syndrome']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Resistance and susceptibility to @entity281 with the intracellular parasite, @entity3667 , are mediated by parasite-specific @entity1961 + @entity630 and Th2 cells, respectively. It is well established that the protective effect of parasite-specific @entity1961 + @entity630 cells is largely dependent upon the @entity60 produced. However, recent results indicate that the effect of @entity630 cells on resolution of lesions induced by @entity3667 in genetically resistant @entity19 also requires a functional Fas- @entity9699 pathway of @entity137 . In contrast to resistant @entity19 , susceptible BALB/c @entity19 develop aberrant Th2 responses following @entity281 with @entity3667 and consequently suffer progressive disease. These outcomes clearly depends upon the production of @entity58 ( @entity58 ) early after @entity281 . We have shown that a burst of @entity58 mRNA, peaking in draining lymph nodes of BALB/c @entity19 16 hrs after @entity281 , occurs within @entity1961 + T cells that express V beta 4-V alpha 8 T cell receptors. In contrast to control and V beta 6-deficient @entity19 , V beta 4-deficient BALB/c @entity19 were resistant to @entity281 , demonstrating the role of these cells in Th2 development. The early @entity58 response was absent in these @entity19 , and @entity630 responses occurred following @entity281 . The LACK antigen of @entity3667 induced comparable @entity58 production in V beta 4-V alpha 8 @entity1961 + T cells. Thus, the @entity58 required for Th2 development and susceptibility to @entity3667 is produced by a restricted population of V beta 4-V alpha 8 @entity1961 + T cells after cognate interaction with a single antigen from this complex parasite. The @entity58 produced rapidly by these @entity1961 + T cells induces within 48 hours a state of unresponsiveness to IL-12 among parasite-specific @entity1961 + T cell precursors by downregulating the IL-12 receptor beta 2 chain expression.

title: Anti- XXXX effector functions of @entity1961 + @entity630 cells and early events instructing Th2 cell development and susceptibility to @entity3667 in BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania major']

answer: @entity3667 :: (5664,Species) :: ['leishmania']


abstract: Common signs of @entity281 , such as an elevated level of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), raised white blood cell (WBC) count and increased temperature, may not be present in elderly @entity1 when @entity281 occurs. In addition, these typical signs may be normal events during the postoperative period. Therefore, early detection of post-surgical @entity281 may be difficult in the elderly population. In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of @entity2719 scan in the detection of @entity281 in elderly @entity1 after colorectal surgery and compared it with @entity1851 , WBC count and ear temperature (ET) examinations. Thirty-three @entity1 undergoing colorectal surgery and aged over 60 years were enrolled in the study. All @entity1 underwent a @entity2719 scan and @entity1851 , WBC and ET examinations. Of the 33 @entity1 , 18 (54.5%) were diagnosed with @entity281 . The diagnostic sensitivity was 100% for both @entity2719 scan and the @entity1851 test, but only 44.4% and 61.1% for the WBC count and ET, respectively. The diagnostic specificity of the @entity2719 scan, WBC count and ET was 80% or more, whereas that of the @entity1851 test was only 53.3%. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity2719 scan, @entity1851 test, WBC count and ET was 90.9%, 78.8%, 60.6% and 72.7%, respectively. In conclusion, both WBC and ET examinations show low sensitivity in the detection of @entity281 in the elderly population after colorectal surgery. The @entity1851 test has good sensitivity but low specificity. Of the four diagnostic modalities, @entity2719 scan had the highest overall diagnostic accuracy (90.9%) while the WBC test had the lowest (60.6%).

title: Clinical features and XXXX scan in the detection of post-surgical @entity281 in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity2719 :: (MESH:D005708,Chemical) :: ['gallium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity859 has been proposed as one mediator for the preconditioning effect in the myocardium of some animals, but recent investigations have shown that this may not be the mechanism in the @entity35 heart, although the effect itself is clearly demonstrable. The cellular energy state has been shown to be better in preconditioned hearts, and the role of @entity855 consumption has been discussed. The role of inhibition of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase as a mechanism for the preservation of @entity855 in preconditioned hearts remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three-minute global @entity63 followed by 9 minutes of reperfusion was used to precondition Langendorff-perfused @entity35 hearts, and control hearts were perfused under normoxic conditions for the same time. The duration of sustained @entity63 in both groups of hearts was 21 minutes, after which the hearts were reperfused for 15 minutes to evaluate their mechanical and metabolic recovery. Separate experiments were performed for tissue metabolite determinations, mitochondrial ATPase activity measurements, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The recovery of the rate-pressure product was better in the preconditioned group. Three-minute preconditioning @entity63 caused inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase that persisted throughout the 9-minute intervening reperfusion so that at the early stages of sustained @entity63 the enzyme activity was still more inhibited in preconditioned hearts. @entity855 was better preserved in preconditioned hearts than in control hearts during sustained @entity63 . The accumulation of @entity859 and its degradation products during sustained @entity63 was greater in the control group. More @entity880 and H+ ions accumulated in this group, indicating higher anaerobic glycolysis. Also, inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase by oligomycin slowed @entity855 depletion during @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that preconditioning causes inhibition of @entity35 heart mitochondrial ATPase that persists during reperfusion so that the enzyme is inhibited from the very beginning of the sustained @entity63 . This inhibition leads to sparing of high-energy @entity6546 and improves the time-averaged energy state during @entity63 . Although a causal relationship is difficult to prove, this reversible inhibition may contribute to postischemic recovery of the heart.

title: Mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in @entity35 myocardium. Roles of XXXX , cellular energy state, and mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maximal use of native @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) for @entity1 on hemodialysis therapy remains a clinical challenge. Primary failure rates remain high with risk factors such as female gender, @entity6 , lower arm AVF and higher age. We wondered if a strategy of careful clinical examination prior to AVF creation and a preference towards an upper arm AVF in case of doubt about the quality of the vein in @entity1 with any of the above mentioned risk factors, would lead to better maturation rates. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 who received an AVF between January 2005 and December 2009 at our University Hospitals Leuven were studied retrospectively. Demographic data, comorbidity, @entity292 characteristics, @entity292 maturation and @entity292 complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Of 344 @entity1 enrolled, 156 (45.3%) received a lower arm AVF and 188 (54.7%) an upper arm AVF. Two hundred and seventy-six (80.2%) @entity292 had a normal maturation. Lower arm AVF was a significant risk factor for non-maturation in this series (73.1% versus 86.2% ; p = 0,0024). Female gender, @entity6 and high age were not, but female gender showed a significant difference in distribution in upper arm versus lower arm @entity292 (62.40% versus 37.6% ; p = 0,0218). CONCLUSIONS: Careful clinical examination prior to upper or lower arm AVF creation together with the integration of risk assessment in the planning of AVF is worthwhile. A preference towards upper arm @entity292 if major risk factors are -present can improve overall maturation rates and lead to the same maturation rates as in the overall dialysis population. Therefore, the presence of risk factors for non-maturation should not lead to the underuse of native @entity2548 .

title: Effect of clinical examination and anatomical location on native XXXX maturation rate in high risk @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVFs', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary and acquired resistance to the antimicrobial agents is a primary reason for the failure of @entity1534 eradication therapies. We assessed the primary antibiotic resistance rates of @entity1534 to three different antibiotics and its relationship due to the annual antibiotic consumption in Japan during the period prior to approval of anti-H. @entity1534 therapy in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the agar dilution method for @entity4581 , @entity115 and @entity868 . Isolates were considered resistant when the MIC value was > 8 mg/l for @entity868 , > 1 mg/l for @entity4581 and < 0.5 mg/l for @entity115 . RESULTS: @entity1534 isolates were obtained from 593 Japanese @entity1 from 1995 to 2000. Primary resistance of @entity1534 to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was found in 11%, 9% and 0.3% strains, respectively. The proportion with @entity4581 resistance significantly increased from 7% in 1997-98 to 15.2% in 1999-2000 (p =.003). During the same period the @entity868 resistance rate also increased from 6.6% in 1997-98 to 12% in 1999-2000 (p =.02). The prevalence of @entity4581 and @entity868 was related to the annual consumption of these antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION: Resistance rates for both @entity4581 and @entity868 appear to reflect the annual consumption of these agents. The high rate of @entity4581 resistance in Japan suggests that the effectiveness of @entity4581 -based therapies may be compromised in the near future.

title: The relationship between consumption of antimicrobial agents and the prevalence of primary XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Consultations in primary care for @entity566 are common. It can be difficult to differentiate between IgE-mediated ( @entity1097 ) symptoms - which respond to allergen-specific interventions - and those that are non- @entity1097 , without performing objective tests that are largely unavailable in UK general practice. AIM: To develop and test a screening tool that can accurately discriminate between @entity1097 individuals. DESIGN AND SETTING: A validation study that took place in 2012 in adult volunteers aged >16 years in Scotland. METHOD: A questionnaire screening tool was developed using questions from a large cohort study and through consultation with experts. @entity1 answered the questions and had skin prick tests for four aeroallergens (house dust mite, cat, @entity235 , and mixed grasses). @entity1 were classified as @entity1097 if any average wheal diameter was >= 3 mm bigger than the negative control. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of individual and combinations of questions were calculated. RESULTS: In all, 143 @entity1 completed the questionnaire and underwent skin prick testing. Of these, 81 (56.6%) were @entity1097 . Negative predictive values for the individual questions ranged from 48.2% (55 not @entity1097 out of 114 negative answers) to 72.0% (18/25). An optimum combination of four questions was identified, in which a negative answer to all four questions was reported by 24 @entity1 , 21 (87.5%) of whom were not @entity1097 . CONCLUSION: The authors have identified a set of questions that correctly predict negative skin prick tests to common aeroallergens 88% of the time. These may be useful to exclude @entity1 who do not warrant further investigation and who can reliably be advised that allergen avoidance is neither necessary nor helpful.

title: Developing and testing of a screening tool to predict @entity1 without IgE-mediated XXXX : a quantitative analysis of the predictive value of a screening tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic', 'atopic and non-atopic']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical outcome and change in foraminal dimension after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and to investigate the correlation between clinical outcome and foraminal dimension. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: No previous studies have evaluated the correlation between clinical outcome and foraminal dimension after ACDF in @entity850 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 44 @entity1 (114 foramina) undergoing planned ACDF due to @entity850 were studied. Clinical outcomes included the @entity4048 @entity227 ( @entity227 ), arm @entity4048 index ( @entity717 ), subjective improvement rate, @entity2026 , and donor site @entity158 . Radiologic outcomes included anterior and posterior disk height, height of foramen and anterior-posterior diameter of the foramen, and the Cobb angle of the fusion segment. Foraminal dimension was calculated. RESULTS: The @entity4048 @entity227 decreased from 3.7 preoperatively to 2.3 postoperatively. Likewise, arm @entity158 @entity227 decreased from 7.2 to 2.2, and @entity717 decreased from 31.0% to 17.2%. Mild @entity2026 occurred in 3 @entity1 . There was no donor site @entity158 . Subjective improvement rate was 79.3%. The anterior disk height increased from 4.75 mm preoperatively to 7.01 mm postoperatively. Likewise, posterior disk height increased from 4.11 to 5.74 mm, height of foramen increased from 7.30 to 9.25 mm, anterior-posterior diameter of foramen increased from 3.56 to 4.92 mm, dimension of foramen increased from 20.50 to 35.58 mm, and segmental angle of fusion segment increased from 2.87 to 4.95 degrees. Posterior disk height was positively correlated with foraminal dimension. An increased segmental angle was negatively correlated with foraminal dimension. The foraminal dimension was negatively correlated with the arm @entity158 @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: ACDF in cervical @entity850 was a useful surgical option to improve clinical outcomes and widen the foraminal dimension. The foraminal dimension was negatively correlated with the arm @entity158 . Restoration of posterior disk height was necessary to widen the foraminal dimension, whereas increased @entity1515 of the fusion segment did not help to widen the foraminal dimension.

title: Clinical Outcome and Changes of Foraminal Dimension in XXXX With Foraminal Stenosis After ACDF.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['dysphasia']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['pain VAS, neck disability', 'neck pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['foraminal stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our aim was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of chemotherapy treatments currently licensed in Europe and recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) for the first-line treatment of adult @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2001 to 2010 was carried out. Relative treatment effects for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated using standard meta-analysis and mixed treatment comparison methodology. A total of 23 RCTs were included: 18 trials compared @entity902 -based chemotherapy, two compared pemetrexed and three compared @entity4562 . There are no statistically significant differences in @entity1349 between any of the four third-generation chemotherapy regimens. There is statistically significant evidence that pemetrexed+ @entity902 increases @entity1349 compared with @entity136 + @entity902 . There are no statistically significant differences in @entity1349 between @entity4562 and @entity1205 + @entity902 or between @entity4562 and @entity1311 + @entity902 . There is a statistically significant improvement in PFS with @entity4562 compared with @entity1205 + @entity902 and @entity4562 compared with @entity1311 + @entity902 . Due to reduced generic pricing, third-generation chemotherapy regimens (except vinorelbine) are still competitive options for most @entity1 . This research provides a comprehensive evidence base, which clinicians and decision-makers can use when deciding on the optimal first-line chemotherapy treatment regimen for @entity1 diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: A systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy for adult XXXX with locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Major @entity1 environmental health concern has been associated with inorganic @entity3494 (iAs) in drinking water in which dissolved iAs is highly bioavailable. More recently health concerns have been raised regarding the extent of iAs exposure via food and other potential sources. @entity3494 relative bioavailability (RBA) in soil is known to be variable; the extent and role of iAs bioavailability in food are not well characterized. iAs in @entity56611 @entity238 ash and bottom ash are other potential exposure media for which RBA has not been well characterized. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to support evaluation of the contribution of food and coal @entity238 ash to iAs exposure. Few studies were found that investigated bioavailability associated with As-containing coal ash or airborne As-containing particles; estimated bioavailability in these studies ranged from 11% to 50%. The implications and potential usefulness of iAs bioavailability associated with inhalation exposure to @entity1 health risk assessment remain unknown at this time. Main sources of dietary iAs intake in the U.S. include @entity579 and other grains, vegetables, and fruits. Due to low concentrations of iAs, seafood is not a primary contributor to dietary iAs intake. Three general kinds of food studies were identified: studies of As bioaccessibility in composites, As bioavailability and bioaccessibility in specific foods, and As consumption and urinary excretion in @entity1 volunteers. One in vivo study was identified that examined As bioavailability in food. A variety of experimental in vitro gastro-intestinal protocols have been used, however, few studies have included As speciation before and after the in vitro extraction. Current data suggest that the bioaccessibility of iAs in @entity579 is quite high, typically 70% or more indicating that iAs in @entity579 is highly bioavailable. Adjusting for RBA may not have a meaningful impact on iAs exposure estimates for @entity579 -based foods.

title: XXXX relative bioavailability from diet and airborne exposures: Implications for risk assessment.

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity3494 :: (MESH:D001151,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE To determine the role of @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) and the quantitative extent of the lymphatic system in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) to analyse a possible correlation with the metastatic spread of @entity5 cells. @entity1 AND METHODS In all, 44 @entity1 with @entity1358 with papillary or chromophobe @entity1358 were included in an immunohistochemical study. The lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was assessed in the @entity5 body, the @entity5 capsule and the @entity5 -free adherent renal tissue. The expression of @entity9961 was semiquantitatively assessed by the percentage of positive epithelial and @entity5 cells. Data were analysed for any correlation with the clinicopathological variables. RESULTS The clear and papillary cell @entity1358 contained no lymphatic vessels (0.2, sd 0.8). Chromophobe @entity1358 specimens showed scattered obliterated vessels (0.0-7.7). Several lymphatic vessels were found in the normal renal tissue, mainly associated with blood vessels (2.9, sd 1.9). The highest mean (sd) LVD was in the @entity5 capsule, of 6.9 (3.4). There was no statistical correlation between the LVD and @entity9961 . In clear cell @entity1358 the expression of @entity9961 was correlated with the size of the @entity5 (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS @entity1358 does not promote the growth of its own lymphatic vessels. The role of a high LVD in the @entity5 capsule needs to be determined. The @entity9961 staining pattern in normal kidney tissue hints at functions other than lymphangiogenesis.

title: The lymphatic system and its specific growth factor @entity9961 in kidney tissue and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'clear cell RCC and 12', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-C', 'vascular endothelial growth factor C']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tumor proliferation has prognostic value in resected early stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and can, therefore, predict which NSCLCs are at high risk for recurrence after resection and would benefit from additional therapy. It may also predict which @entity5 will respond to cell cycle-targeted chemotherapy and help assess the @entity5 response, besides helping to differentiate benign from @entity358 . We evaluated whether the uptake of the new positron emission tomography (PET) tracer @entity51911 (FLT) in a series of suspected NSCLCs correlated with @entity5 proliferation assessed by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ten @entity1 with 11 biopsy-proven or clinically suspected @entity1149 underwent 2-h dynamic PET imaging after i.v. injection of 0.07 mCi/kg FLT. Tumor FLT uptake was quantitated with the maximum pixel standardized uptake value (maxSUV), the partial volume corrected maxSUV (PV-corr-maxSUV), the average SUV over a small region-of-interest (aveSUV) and with Patlak analysis of FLT flux (aveFLTflux). The lesion diameter from computed tomography was used to correct the maxSUV for PV effects using recovery coefficients determined for the General Electric Advance PET scanner. Two of the 11 lesions were benign inflammatory lesions and 9 were NSCLCs. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 (proliferation index marker) was performed on all 11 tissue specimens (10 resections, 1 @entity1149 percutaneous biopsy), and the S-phase fraction (SPF) from flow cytometry could be determined for 10. The specimens were reviewed for histology and cellular differentiation (poor, moderate, well). Lesions ranged from 1.6 to 7.7 cm. RESULTS: Excellent correlations were found between SUV measures of FLT uptake and Ki-67 scores [percentage of positive cells; maxSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.78, P = 0.0043 (n = 11); PV-corr-maxSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.83, P = 0.0028 (n = 10); aveSUV versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.84, P = 0.0011 (n = 11)]. Correlation between Ki-67 proliferation scores and Patlak measures of FLT uptake were also strong: aveFLTflux versus Ki-67: Rho = 0.94, P < 0.0001 (n = 11). The correlation between the SPF and all indices of FLT uptake was weaker and reached statistical significance for only two uptake indices [maxSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.69, P = 0.03 (n = 10); PV-corr-maxSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.36, P = 0.35 (n = 9); aveSUV versus SPF: Rho = 0.67, P = 0.03 (n = 10); aveFLTflux versus SPF: Rho = 0.46, P = 0.18 (n = 10)]. CONCLUSION: FLT PET may be used to noninvasively assess proliferation rates of lung masses in vivo. Therefore, FLT PET may play a significant role in the evaluation of indeterminate @entity358 , in the prognostic assessment of resectable @entity1149 , and possibly in the evaluation of @entity1149 response to chemotherapy.

title: In vivo validation of XXXX ( @entity51911 ) as a proliferation imaging tracer in @entity1 : correlation of @entity51911 uptake by positron emission tomography with Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry in @entity1 lung tumors.

entities_list: @entity51911 :: ('MESH:C002854', 'Chemical') :: ["3'deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lung lesions', 'pulmonary lesions']

answer: @entity51911 :: (MESH:C002854,Chemical) :: ['3'deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With increasing age, body fat increases and muscle mass reduces. Even @entity1 with a normal weight may have a higher percentage of body fat. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between increased body fat and renal function decline (RFD) in the general elderly population with normal or mildly @entity8 . METHOD: We conducted a prospective study of 615 healthy individuals in the general Korean population aged >=  60 years who participated in two health screening check-ups separated by a 4-year period. Obesity was defined as the highest sex-specific tertiles of the percentage body fat (PBF). The main outcome was changes of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during the 4 years. Significant RFD was defined as a decrease of eGFR over the upper quartile ( <=-2.1% per year). RESULTS: The mean age was 67.2    6.6 years. The median value of the absolute decline in the eGFR and the percent change was -3.0 mL/minute/1.73 m(2) and -0.87%/year in @entity1 and -3.1 mL/minute/1.73 m(2) and -0.89%/year in @entity1 , respectively. When stratified by sex-specific PBF tertiles, pronounced differences were observed in both sexes; those at the highest tertile of PBF showed the greatest decline in eGFR. Even after adjustments for traditional risk factors of RFD, PBF was independently associated with eGFR changes (b=-0.181; P<0.001). In addition, the harmful effect of a high PBF was consistently found in subjects with a normal weight, too (b=-0.141; P=0.006). Cases of significant RFD occurred in 181 @entity1 (29.4%), and the risk was higher in obese @entity1 as compared with the nonobese @entity1 . The odd ratios (95% confidence interval) for significant RFD were 2.76 (1.28-7.74) in @entity1 and 2.02 (1.06-4.43) in @entity1 in a whole population and 3.15 (1.03-18.52) in @entity1 and 1.44 (1.01-3.28) in @entity1 with a normal weight, respectively. CONCLUSION: Among the elderly population without comorbidities, increased body fat has a harmful effect on RFD, irrespective of body weight.

title: Increased body fat rather than body weight has harmful effects on 4-year changes of renal function in the general elderly population with a normal or mildly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']