abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the frequency and @entity600 associated with @entity6675 in a large pool of international data, to identify @entity600 patterns, and to evaluate the role of maternal age in non-isolated cases. Case-by-case information from 24 registries, all members of the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR), were evaluated. After the exclusion of other abdominal wall defects cases were classified as: (a) isolated; (b) recognizable syndrome, chromosomal or not; (c) @entity154 ( @entity154 ). Our results showed that out of 3,322 total cases 469 non-isolated cases were registered (14.1%): 41 chromosomal syndromes, 24 other syndromes, and 404 @entity154 . Among @entity154 four groups of anomalies were most frequent: CNS (4.5%), cardio-vascular (2.5%), limb (2.2%), and @entity8 (1.9%). No similar patterns emerged except two patterns resembling limb-body wall complex and OEIS. In both of them the @entity6675 could be however misclassified. Chromosomal trisomies and possibly non-syndromic @entity154 are associated with an older maternal age more than isolated cases. On consideration of our data and the most valid studies published in the literature, the best estimate of the proportion of @entity6675 associated with major unrelated defects is about 10%, with a few cases associated to recognizable syndromes. Recognized syndromes with @entity6675 seem to be so exceptional that the well documented and validated cases are worth being published as interesting case report. An appropriate case definition in etiological studies should include only @entity6675 after an appropriate definition of isolated and non-isolated cases and a thorough case-by-case review.

title: XXXX and associated defects: an international study.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['MCA', 'multiple congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['isolated gastroschisis', 'gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['type of malformations', 'malformation']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['Gastroschisis']


abstract: Data from observational and nonrandomized comparative studies have shown a dramatic effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 @entity6 (T2DM), including in nonobese @entity1 . However, a relative paucity of level 1 evidence is available to define the exact role of surgery as a treatment modality for T2DM, especially in less @entity28 subjects. Performing randomized clinical trials in this field, however, poses significant and specific challenges for the study design. We have addressed such challenges in a carefully designed randomized controlled trial comparing glycemic control with optimal medical management versus Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in overweight to mildly @entity28 @entity1 with T2DM mellitus (body mass index 26-35 kg/m(2)). The present report describes the rationale and design of the Weill Cornell Medical College study. In addition to glycemic endpoints, however, clinical trials should also investigate the effect of surgery on cardiovascular risk or T2DM-specific morbidity. Addressing these endpoints would entail large, randomized clinical trials with prolonged period of observation and ideally a multicenter study design. Such a multisite trial poses substantial logistical and financial challenges, which would predictably delay rather than accelerate progress of research in this field. A consortium of centers performing independent small and medium size randomized clinical trials may provide a more realistic and feasible approach. In this paper, we present an overview of on-going randomized clinical trials in this field and propose a worldwide consortium of randomized controlled trials (WORLDCoRDS) using the Weill Cornell Medical College protocol. The aim of this consortium is to standardize research in T2DM surgery and timely accumulate homogeneous data that can help assess the effects of GI surgery on cardiovascular risk and T2DM-related mortality and morbidity.

title: Medical versus surgical treatment of type 2 XXXX : the search for level 1 evidence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Although @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) has been grouped with classic @entity978 ( @entity1733 ), controversy remains as to whether it is truly a form of @entity1733 or whether it should be more appropriately classified as a form of @entity1892 . Because only few cases of @entity1071 have been reported, their pathologic nature and clinical behavior have not been well defined. This report characterized 5 cases of @entity1071 with respect to their immunophenotype, EBV status, clonality, and clinical outcome. All of the @entity1 were male, with ages ranging from 1.5 to 55 years at diagnosis. @entity1733 developed from 4 months to 6 years following solid organ transplantation (3 hearts, 1 kidney, 1 liver), and involved both nodal and extranodal sites. All were EBV-related (EBER+) with the large neoplastic cells @entity2225 / @entity7571 positive but @entity5824 negative. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were detected in 3 of 5 tested. All @entity1 were managed by initial reduction/withdrawal of immunosuppression, with 2 also receiving chemotherapy for non- @entity1733 . Three @entity1 died of progressive disease within 2 to 3 months after diagnosis, 1 is alive and well 2 years later, and the fifth was disease free but died of unrelated causes (graft coronary disease) 2 years later. We conclude that, although @entity1071 morphologically simulates classic @entity1733 , there are important immunophenotypic, molecular genetic, and clinical differences, suggesting it is in fact most often a @entity1892 . Distinction between @entity1733 and @entity1071 may be important for clinical management and prognosis.

title: XXXX ( @entity1071 ) simulates monomorphic @entity1892 both clinically and pathologically.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma-like posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder', 'HL-like PTLD']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma type PTLD']

answer: @entity1071 :: (MESH:D008232,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma-like posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']


abstract: The goals of this study were to assess the extent of @entity1 intestinal drug transporter expression, determine the subcellular localization of the drug uptake transporter @entity3379 , and then to assess the effect of grapefruit juice consumption on @entity3379 expression relative to cytochrome P450 3A4 and @entity1262 . Expression of drug uptake and efflux transporters was assessed using @entity1 duodenal biopsy samples. @entity682 uptake by different transporters was measured in a transporter-transfected cell line. We investigated the influence of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of orally administered @entity682 . The effect of grapefruit juice on the expression of intestinal transporters was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. In the duodenum of healthy volunteers, an array of CYP enzymes as well as uptake and efflux transporters was expressed. Importantly, uptake transporters thought to be liver-specific, such as OATP1B1 and 1B3, as well as OATP2B1 and 1A2 were expressed in the intestine. However, among @entity3379 transporters, only @entity3379 was capable of @entity682 uptake when assessed in vitro. @entity3379 colocalized with @entity1262 to the brush border domain of enterocytes. Consumption of grapefruit juice concomitantly or 2 h before @entity682 administration was associated with reduced oral @entity682 plasma exposure, whereas intestinal expression of either @entity3379 or @entity1262 remained unaffected. In conclusion, an array of drug uptake and efflux transporters are expressed in the @entity1 intestine. @entity3379 is likely the key intestinal uptake transporter for @entity682 absorption whose inhibition results in the grapefruit juice effect. Although short-term grapefruit juice ingestion was associated with reduced @entity682 availability, @entity3379 or @entity1262 expression was unaffected.

title: Intestinal drug transporter expression and the impact of grapefruit juice in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity682 :: ('MESH:C093230', 'Chemical') :: ['Fexofenadine', 'fexofenadine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Over the last three years six @entity1 diagnosed of @entity4154 with @entity3616 were studied. Diagnosis was established by open lung biopsy in 4 and by transbronchial lung biopsy in 2. The initiation of the symptoms was subacute although one @entity1 evolved to @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. The mean age of presentation was 68 years with male predominance over females of 5:1. The most frequent symptoms were @entity221 in 6 @entity1 , cough and @entity1353 in 4, respectively and @entity353 in 2 @entity1 . Functional respiratory tests showed restrictive ventilation disturbances in 4 out of 5 @entity1 , mixed in 1 and a reduction in diffusion capacity in the 5 @entity1 in whom it was determined. The radiologic pattern of multifocal @entity2617 was present in 6 cases. Interstitial involvement was also associated in 3 @entity1 with @entity1143 in 2. Histologic findings of intraluminal polypoid masses affecting the bronchiols and alveolar conducts ( @entity5924 obliterants) with extension to the alveoli forming conjunctive Masson polyps ( @entity3616 ) was found in the 4 @entity1 who underwent open lung biopsy and in 1 diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy although there were quantitative differences in the degree of @entity133 . Response to treatment with @entity230 was favorable in 5 out of 6 @entity1 while the remaining @entity1 spontaneously improved following thoracotomy.

title: [ XXXX associated with @entity3616 . Clinico-pathological study of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar involvement']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever and general malaise']

answer: @entity4154 :: (MESH:D001989,Disease) :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the temporal relationship between @entity158 -related coping strategies and psychosocial factors with non-evoked @entity9 ( @entity9 ) intensity and unpleasantness in @entity1 during the subacute phase of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Exploratory longitudinal study of @entity9 from 2 to 12 months. SETTING: Hospital Nacional de Parapl  jicos, Toledo, Spain. SUBJECTS: A maximum of 26 @entity1 with early symptoms of @entity9 after @entity1566 with a neurological level above the Th10 spinal level. OUTCOME MEASURES:    Multidimensional Pain Inventory-Spinal Cord Injury Version, Coping Strategies Questionnaire, General 7-day @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness rated with a visual analog scale, Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: PAIN-related coping strategies and psychosocial factors remained stable from 2 to 12 months after @entity1566 . Initially @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness were rated independently, but at 6 months were intercorrelated along with " @entity158 severity,"life interference," and " @entity16839 ."Coping self-statements" and "solicitous responses from others" were frequently adopted, compared with "ignoring @entity158 sensations" and "catastrophising." Perception of " @entity158 severity" correlated with "support,"solicitous responses from others,"distracting responses from others," and "life control" at 6 months, while @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness were related to "coping self-statements," @entity16839 ,"distancing from @entity158 ," and "praying." CONCLUSIONS: Pilot longitudinal data suggest that @entity158 -related coping strategies are adopted early after subacute @entity1566 , and correlate with both @entity158 intensity and unpleasantness. Future longitudinal studies of @entity1566 with sufficient sample size will be instrumental to determine the causal relationship between psychosocial factors and coping strategies on @entity158 .

title: XXXX intensity, unpleasantness, coping strategies, and psychosocial factors after @entity1566 : an exploratory longitudinal study during the first year.

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophizing']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic pain']


abstract: @entity364 caused by invasive @entity364 , such as @entity2583 , occurs predominantly in an immunocompromised @entity1 . However, @entity3478 are rare and are usually associated with @entity465 . They are difficult to diagnose, and in many cases are fatal. Treatment consists of antifungal chemotherapy, radical surgical debridement, and control of the underlying immunological condition. We report a case of @entity2583 in a @entity1 with @entity6 . The @entity1 had a history of dental pathology and associated @entity8 . The @entity1 was managed by extensive surgical debridement followed by @entity2379 lipid complex injection (Abelcet 5 mg/bw kg/day) as an antifungal agent. Our @entity1 's ocular function was affected. The radical treatment and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team eliminated the mucor-related consequences, however, the @entity1 died because of @entity454 . In conclusion, type 1 @entity6 may be associated with @entity364 .

title: XXXX mimicks sinusitis in a @entity6 adult.

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cranial bone mycoses']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fungal sinusitis', 'fungal infections', 'Fungal sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['host immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['Mucormycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measured endocrinological parameters (total @entity251 [TT], free @entity251 [FT], @entity586 [ @entity587 ], @entity9027 [ @entity2990 ], and @entity443 [ @entity443 ]) and calculated parameters (calculated FT (cFT), calculated bioavailable @entity251 (cBT), and the free @entity342 index [FAI]) in @entity1 with @entity3427 were compared to the values of a control group. The question remains if cFT or cBT are more appropriate markers for assessment of @entity3610 in clinical situations such as @entity3427 in @entity1 . METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 showed an modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mF-G) score of >or=6 and were classified as @entity3427 group and 58 @entity1 showed mF-G scores of <or=5 and were classified as control group. TT, FT, @entity587 , @entity2990 , and @entity443 were measured with enzyme immunoassays in one serum sample. Albumin was measured in the same sample. Afterwards, cFT, cBT, and the FAI were calculated. RESULTS: The @entity3427 group revealed significantly increased cFT, cBT, and FAI, while @entity443 was significantly decreased compared to the controls. All values of the @entity3427 group showed significant, but poor correlation with the mF-G score. @entity443 correlated negatively with the mF-G score and BMI. CONCLUSION: Despite the limited correlation of all endocrinological parameters to severity of @entity3427 described by the mF-G score, cFT, cBT, and FAI may be more appropriate markers for assessment of @entity3610 in @entity1 with @entity3427 in comparison with measured values of simple enzyme immunoassays.

title: Endocrinological markers for assessment of XXXX in hirsute @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenemia']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone binding globulin', 'SHBG']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['hyperandrogenemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the @entity259 incidence trends and geographical patterns in the Latina Province of Lazio, Italy using the population-based @entity5 registry. METHODS: We extracted from the @entity5 registry all cases of @entity259 from 1997 to 2006. Cases were classified according to morphological type and diameter. Data for diagnostic procedures for Latina Province residents from 2001 to 2006 were extracted from the regional outpatient procedures information system. RESULTS: A total of 982 cases were diagnosed, for a standardized incidence of 8.3 and of 27.9 per 100,000 in males (n, 220) and in females (n, 762), respectively. The @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) was +16.7% (95% CI +7.2, +27.2) and +10.5% (95% CI +6.5, +14.6) in males and females, respectively. The increase was mostly due to papillary (n, 759) and small ( <=20 mm) @entity5 (n, 617), with no difference by age (<45 years; n, 431). The @entity1987 of neck ultrasound performed was +8.7% (95% CI +0.1, +18.1) and +9.0% (95% CI +1.1, +17.4) and that of biopsy/cytology was +17.0% (95% CI +13.0, +21.3) and +16.6% (95% CI +6.2, +28.1) in @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The geographic pattern of biopsy/cytology was similar to that of @entity5 incidence but not to that of neck ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS: In Latina, the increase in @entity259 incidence was more rapid than in the rest of Italy, particularly for types with a good prognosis. While @entity5 size and histotype suggest an increase in detection instead of an increase in disease occurrence, data on diagnostic procedure reimbursements cannot provide an explanation.

title: Increased incidence of XXXX in Latina, Italy: a possible role of detection of subclinical disease.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Latina cancer']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'annual percent change']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Common and important @entity5539 in pregnancy reviewed here include perinatal @entity308 , @entity1005 , @entity148 , @entity1277 , and postpartum @entity716 . RECENT FINDINGS: Research has focused on antenatal @entity308 as @entity308 often has onset prior to delivery. Certain psychosocial and psychological interventions can effectively prevent @entity308 . Although the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors was associated with miscarriage, @entity3152 , and @entity5617 , discontinuation of antidepressants also increased the relapse rate during pregnancy. Studies also show that about 8% of mothers had eating problems during their pregnancy, which increased to 19% in the postpartum period. Postpartum @entity716 is an important diagnosis related to maternal death from suicide. Personal and family history of @entity162 are important risk factors. SUMMARY: Recent findings highlight the importance of correct diagnosis and awareness of serious @entity1032 . In view of the higher rate of relapse, @entity1 should be counselled carefully regarding discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy. Differentiation of @entity1005 with comorbid @entity148 and @entity308 , awareness of risk factors, and clinical features of @entity716 are important in the management of @entity5539 in pregnancy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorders']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['postpartum depression', 'postnatal depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorders']

entities_list: @entity5539 :: ('MESH:D011602', 'Disease') :: ['psychosomatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['fetal death']

answer: @entity5539 :: (MESH:D011602,Disease) :: ['Psychosomatic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin secretion in @entity1 by T is principally mediated by aromatization to @entity172 (E), which inhibits hypothalamic secretion of GnRH. We hypothesized that adult-onset @entity12107 ( @entity12107 ) might result from an altered central set-point for E-mediated negative feedback. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal clinical investigation unit-based evaluation of the clinical and biochemical response to E-receptor blockade. @entity1 (S): A 31-year-old @entity1 presenting with an 18-month history of @entity250 resulting from severe adult-onset @entity12107 ( @entity24030 .7 U/L, FSH 2.0 U/L, T 3.5 nmol/L). INTERVENTION(S): Initial therapy with 50 mg of @entity4082 (CC) three times a day for 7 days, with overnight LH pulse profiling and 9 am T levels evaluated at baseline and on completion. A 2-month washout period, followed by low-dose maintenance therapy (25-50 mg/d) for 4 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Baseline and stimulated T levels and LH pulsatility; effect on sexual function. RESULT(S): @entity4082 therapy resulted in complete normalization of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion, serum T level, and sexual function. CONCLUSION(S): Isolated @entity6126 may result from an acquired defect of enhanced hypothalamic sensitivity to E-mediated negative feedback. Whereas direct T replacement therapy can further suppress endogenous gonadotropin secretion, treating @entity12107 @entity1 with gonadotropins can stimulate endogenous T secretion and enhance fertility potential. On theoretical grounds, reversal of @entity7103 with CC might be expected to have a similar biological effect.

title: Complete reversal of adult-onset XXXX with @entity4082 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity12107 :: ('MESH:C562785', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism', 'IHH']

entities_list: @entity7103 :: ('MESH:C535764', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotropin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'Clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity12107 :: (MESH:C562785,Disease) :: ['isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess cognitive vulnerability and response style in clinical and normal individuals. METHOD: A sample of 90 individuals was selected for each of the 3 groups of Generalized @entity148 , @entity14256 and normal individuals. They completed MCQ and RSQ. RESULTS: Results analyzed by MANOVA and post hoc showed significant differences among groups. Dysthymic group and @entity9372 reported higher scores on cognitive confidence compared to the normal group. Individuals with @entity9372 showed highly negative beliefs about need to control thought, compared to the other groups, but in cognitive self-consciousness they have no differences with the normal group. In regard to uncontrollability, danger and positive beliefs, @entity9372 group had higher levels than the other groups. Although normal and @entity9372 group didn't show any significant differences in response style, there was a significant difference between Dysthymic group and other groups in all response styles. DISCUSSION:   Beliefs and meta-cognitive strategies can be distinguished between clinical and non clinical individuals. Also, findings support the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. ary committee was effective in recognizing, designing and implementing tailored interventions for reduction of medication errors. A systematic approach is urgently needed to decrease organizational susceptibility to errors, through providing required resources to monitor, analyze and implement effective interventions.

title: Cognitive Vulnerability in Patients with Generalized XXXX , @entity14256 and Normal Individuals.

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['Dysthymic disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety Disorder']


abstract: A series of already published and unpublished seroepidemiological surveys for @entity3252 , carried out in Chile in 1982-1994, is reviewed, expanded and analyzed. The surveys included 76,317 apparently healthy individuals of different ages (0.57% of the country's total population), from 309 urban and rural-periurban localities. Urban groups were integrated by blood donors, delivering mothers and middle grade schoolchildren, while rural-periurban individuals corresponded to unselected family groups. Blood samples were collected in filter paper. The presence of antibodies to @entity3204 was determined by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ), titers > or = 16 were considered positive. The test resulted positive in 28,124 (36.9%) of the surveyed @entity1 . Two hundred and six (0.3%) individuals presented @entity1062 titers > or = 1000, probably corresponding to acute or reactivated infections. A progressive increase of positive @entity1062 from northern to southern regions of the country was noted, phenomenon probably related to geographical conditions and to a higher production and consumption of different types of meat in the latter regions. It is postulated that ingestion of @entity3204 cysts by @entity1 is epidemiologically as important as ingestion of oocysts. The result presented stress the epidemiological importance of @entity3252 in @entity1 , and warn about eventual implications in immunocompromised @entity1 and in transplacental transmission, organ transplants and transfusions.

title: Seroepidemiology of @entity1 XXXX in Chile.

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['IHAT', 'indirect hemagglutination test']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii', 'T gondii']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: According to the literature transurethral resection of the prostate in @entity1 with @entity191 has an increased risk of postoperative @entity322 . However, this conclusion might have been reached because some @entity1 with multiple system @entity194 incorrectly diagnosed as @entity191 were included in these reports. Therefore, we investigated the outcome of transurethral prostate resection in @entity1 with a secure neurological diagnosis of @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 @entity1 with @entity191 who underwent transurethral prostate resection for benign @entity1069 were evaluated retrospectively. Subsequent neurological developments in @entity1 were followed, ensuring that those with multiple system @entity194 had not been included in analysis. RESULTS: At transurethral prostate resection median @entity1 age was 73 years, median duration of @entity191 before the resection was 3 years, and median Hoehn and Yahr scale was 2. Of the 14 @entity1 with a preoperative indwelling urinary catheter transurethral prostate resection restored voiding in 9 (64%) and only 5 (36%) required catheterization postoperatively. Of the 10 @entity1 with preoperative urge @entity322 , continence was restored in 5 and improved in 3 following transurethral prostate resection. There were no cases of de novo @entity322 after transurethral prostate resection. At a median postoperative followup of 3 years transurethral prostate resection was successful in 16 of the 23 @entity1 (70%). CONCLUSIONS: Transurethral prostate resection for benign @entity1069 in @entity1 with @entity191 may be successful in up to 70% and the risk of de novo @entity322 seems minimal. Thus, @entity191 should no longer be considered a contraindication for transurethral prostate resection provided that preoperative investigations including urodynamic assessment indicate prostatic @entity1876 .

title: @entity1069 and XXXX --should transurethral resection of the prostate be avoided?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dietary patterns and @entity14 ( @entity14 ) survival. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: A familial @entity14 registry in Newfoundland. @entity1 : 529 newly diagnosed @entity14 @entity1 from Newfoundland. They were recruited from 1999 to 2003 and followed up until April 2010. OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity1 reported their dietary intake using a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified with factor analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate HR and 95% CI for association of dietary patterns with @entity14 recurrence and @entity204 from all causes, after controlling for covariates. RESULTS: Disease-free survival (DFS) among @entity14 @entity1 was significantly worsened among @entity1 with a high processed meat dietary pattern (the highest vs the lowest quartile HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.09). No associations were observed with the prudent vegetable or the high-sugar patterns and DFS. The association between the processed meat pattern and DFS was restricted to @entity1 diagnosed with @entity694 (the highest vs the lowest quartile: HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 4.40) whereas the relationship between overall survival (OS) and this pattern was observed among @entity1 with @entity694 only (the highest vs the lowest quartile: HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.43). Potential effect modification was noted for sex (p value for interaction 0.04, HR 3.85 for @entity1 and 1.22 for @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: The processed meat dietary pattern prior to diagnosis is associated with higher risk of @entity5 recurrence, @entity3 and @entity204 among @entity1 with @entity14 .

title: Dietary patterns and XXXX recurrence and survival: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the options for acute and maintenance pharmacological treatment of @entity162 in @entity1 and adolescents. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review of randomized clinical trials and open-label studies was conducted. RESULTS: Published data from randomized controlled trials show that antipsychotics are significantly more effective than mood stabilizers in the treatment of @entity162 or mixed episodes. Few data are available related to the treatment of @entity308 episodes. No trials of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors have been conducted. Only open trials suggest that @entity1091 and @entity2812 may be effective, whereas @entity1089 did not demonstrate efficacy relative to placebo in two studies. Studies regarding the effectiveness of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers for the @entity74 are also few and inconclusive. Although long-term treatment is a core aspect of the management of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity162 , there is a lack of consistent efficacy data. If non-controlled trials suggest that @entity1091 , @entity2812 , @entity1089 , @entity1280 , and the combination of @entity1090 and @entity1092 or @entity1091 may be useful in some conditions, only @entity1770 has shown efficacy relative to placebo for long-term symptom reduction and relapse prevention. Safety data show that the most frequently reported adverse events in @entity1 and adolescents treated with mood stabilizers are gastrointestinal and neurological, whereas use of antipsychotics is mainly related to weight gain and sedation. Lastly, while results from studies having evaluated the impact of pharmacological treatment on neuropsychological functioning are inconsistent, some of them nevertheless suggest that treatment with mood stabilizers may be associated with @entity73 . CONCLUSION: Despite recent developments in identifying effective pharmacological interventions, numerous critical gaps remain.

title: [Pharmacological treatment of XXXX in @entity1 and adolescents].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['specific impairments']

entities_list: @entity1280 :: ('MESH:C092292', 'Chemical') :: ['ziprazidone']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['divalproex']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['comorbid disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: The effects of a combined therapy with a @entity460 channel antagonist and alphabeta-blocker in @entity1 with accelerated-malignant @entity101 on blood pressure and renal function were examined. Thirteen @entity1 presented with the clinical features of malignant @entity101 (diastolic blood pressure >130 mmHg, @entity989 and progressive @entity177 ) at our hospital, over the 3 yr period from 1995 to 1997. These @entity1 were treated with both a @entity460 antagonist, 60-80 mg/d dose of long acting @entity594 , and an alphabeta-blocker, 20 mg/d dose of @entity10699 , for over 12 mo. At admission, the average blood pressure of the @entity1 was 233+/-8/144+/-3 mmHg. The level of serum @entity1011 in these @entity1 was 6.2+/-1.0 mg/dl. Intermittent hemodialysis therapy was introduced in 7 @entity1 . Three days after treatment, blood pressure decreased to 162+/-4/102+/-4 mmHg. A month later, blood pressure decreased to 148+/-3/89+/-2 mmHg and serum @entity1011 levels were 3.6+/-0.4 mg/dl. Renal function in these @entity1 improved, and they completely recovered from @entity8 , allowing withdrawal of haemodialysis therapy. One year later, the blood pressure in all of these @entity1 was well controlled and no further @entity177 was observed, except in one @entity1 . Despite the reduction in blood pressure, one @entity1 was on hemodialysis three times a week after 8 mo of treatment. From these finding, it is concluded that combination therapy with a @entity460 antagonist and alphabeta-blocker is effective in both the reduction of highly elevated blood pressure and protection of the kidneys, resulting in amelioration of accelerated-malignant @entity101 .

title: @entity594 and @entity10699 in combination for accelerated-malignant XXXX : results of one year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity10699 :: ('MESH:C024523', 'Chemical') :: ['arotinolol']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal deterioration', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early stage @entity957 has been successfully treated with radiotherapy and brachytherapy. However, the vast majority of these @entity5 seen in Western Europe are already at an advanced stage. Medical records of 79 @entity1 with @entity957 treated between 1980 and 1994 were examined. METHODS: Eighty-three per cent of the primary @entity5 were stage T3 or T4. Fifty-nine @entity1 were treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. Quality of life assessment amongst the survivors was performed by means of a questionnaire. RESULTS: Five year disease free survival in @entity1 undergoing excision for @entity5 was 59%. @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing partial excision of the tongue base had a 3 year recurrence free survival rate of 68%. Distant @entity3 occurred in 16%. Seventy-eight per cent of the @entity1 judged their quality of life to be near normal. CONCLUSION: Surgery and post-operative radiotherapy offer a reasonably good survival in advanced @entity5772 with preservation of quality of life.

title: XXXX treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3-T4 tumours', 'T2-T3 tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the base of the tongue']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combination of transvaginal sonography and serum @entity3566 measurement is reliable in the diagnosis of @entity5849 ( @entity5849 ) in spontaneous pregnancies. In @entity1 who became pregnant through IVF-ET, transfer of multiple embryos after IVF could be responsible for the different performance of these tests. We evaluated the discriminative capacity of transvaginal sonography in combination with @entity3566 measurement in the diagnosis of @entity5849 after IVF-ET. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND @entity1 (S): Consecutive @entity1 , pregnant through IVF-ET, who presented with clinically suspected @entity5849 . INTERVENTION(S): Transvaginal sonography, serum @entity3566 measurement at 6, 9, and 15 days after ET and after a negative transvaginal sonography. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ectopic pregnancy confirmed at laparoscopy. RESULT(S): Between September 1993 and May 1996, 86 @entity1 were included in the study, of whom 24 had an @entity5849 . Transvaginal sonography identified 46 intrauterine pregnancies and 5 EPs, but serum @entity3566 could not diagnose EPs in @entity1 in whom transvaginal sonography did not show a gestational sac. Serum @entity3566 measurement 9 days after ET could identify pregnancy failure with 100% specificity at a cut-off value of 18 IU/L, but it could not identify @entity1 with @entity5849 with enough certainty to justify immediate treatment. CONCLUSION(S): We recommend single serum @entity3566 measurement 9 days after ET to discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Transvaginal sonography can be postponed until 5 weeks after ET, except for @entity1 with @entity490 , or @entity1 with a serum @entity3566 level of < 18 IU/L.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['EP', 'ectopic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding']

answer: @entity5849 :: (MESH:D011271,Disease) :: ['ectopic pregnancy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Changes in respiratory function occurring in the months and years following radiotherapy have been well documented. The changes that occur in the hours after treatment are less clear, we report a study that recorded peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in the 72 h following radiotherapy to the mediastinum and large airways. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with @entity189 affecting the major bronchii were recruited; 39 were male, with a median age of 66 years; 49 had histologically confirmed @entity2 . The median baseline PEFR was 300 1/s (range: 120-600). @entity1 were asked to record home PEFR readings in the 72 h that followed the first fraction of radiotherapy. Doses ranges from an 8-Gy single fraction to 60 Gy in 30 fractions. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 recorded a fall in PEFR (3%-60% of the baseline value) in the 24 h after radiotherapy, the mean for all 56 @entity1 was a fall of 20.3% (95% confidence interval -15.8% to -24.8%). These lowest values occurred a median time of 6 h after treatment (range: 2-24 h). By 72 h the mean PEFR had returned to the baseline. @entity5 site (central or lobar bronchus) and fraction size (<3 GY or >3 Gy) had no significant effect on the fall in PEFR (Mann-Whitney U-test P = 0.15 and P = 0.06, respectively). CONCLUSION: We conclude that a fall in PEFR can occur after radiotherapy treatment to the mediastinum. This is of concern in @entity1 being treated for @entity153 whose respiratory function may already be compromised.

title: Acute changes in peak expiratory flow rate following palliative radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial carcinoma']

answer: @entity153 :: (MESH:D002283,Disease) :: ['bronchial carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2583 is a rare, aggressive, and life-threatening infection that is caused by organisms belonging to the order Mucorales. It is usually acquired through direct means and virtually always affects immunocompromised @entity1 with the port of entry reflecting the site of infection, in this case, cutaneous. Unlike other mucormycoses, @entity1 affected by Apophysomyces elegans (A elegans) are known to be immunocompetent. This locally aggressive disease penetrates through different tissue plains invading adjacent muscles, fascia, and even bone causing extensive morbidity and may prove fatal if treated inadequately. @entity2583 is associated with disruption of cutaneous barriers such as @entity130 . However, rarely, it may be iatrogenic. No cases have been previously reported postcosmetic surgery, especially one that is so commonly performed, lipofilling. CASE REPORT: The @entity1 is a, previously healthy, 41-year-old middle-eastern female who was admitted to the plastic surgery department 17 days after undergoing cosmetic surgery. She suffered from extensive tissue @entity32 and @entity39 in both gluteal regions. Following admission, she was initially started on empirical antimicrobial therapy which was changed to an antifungal agent, @entity18111 , when preliminary microbiological results showed filamentous fungi. This was discontinued and liposomal @entity2379 was commenced when further mycological analysis identified A elegans. Furthermore, she underwent a total of 10 sessions of extensive debridement to the extent that portions of the sacrum and left femoral head became exposed. Her clinical status and wounds improved with the appropriate management and she remained an inpatient for 62 days. Subsequently, she had defects in both gluteal regions which required reconstructive surgery. CONCLUSION: A elegans is an uncommon cause of iatrogenic @entity2583 . A high index of clinical suspicion is required, especially in the absence of clinical improvement despite conventional methods of treatment, so that early diagnosis can be reached and the appropriate management instigated promptly in order to mitigate morbidity and mortality. Reversal of predisposing risk factors, regular extensive surgical debridement, and antifungal therapy remain the cornerstones of therapy for this life-threatening condition.

title: XXXX postcosmetic surgery: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous mucormycosis', 'cutaneous mucormycosis', 'Mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

answer: @entity2583 :: (MESH:D009091,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous mucormycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The news media facilitated the rapid dissemination of the findings from the @entity172 plus @entity1871 therapy arm of the @entity1 's Health Initiative (EPT-WHI). OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the potential exposure to newspaper coverage and subsequent @entity34 ( @entity34 ) use. DESIGN/POPULATION: Population-based cohort of @entity1 receiving mammography at 7 sites (327,144 postmenopausal @entity1 ). MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was the monthly prevalence of self-reported @entity34 use. Circulation data for local, regional, and national newspapers was used to create @entity10688 -code level measures of the estimated average household exposure to newspaper coverage that reported the harmful effects of @entity34 in July 2002. RESULTS: @entity1 had an average potential household exposure of 1.4 articles. There was substantial variation in the level of average household exposure to newspaper coverage; @entity1 from rural sites received less than @entity1 from urban sites. Use of @entity34 declined for all average potential exposure groups after the publication of the EPT-WHI. @entity34 prevalence among @entity1 who lived in areas where there was an average household exposure of at least 3 articles declined significantly more (45 to 27%) compared to @entity1 who lived in areas with <1 article (43 to 31%) during each of the subsequent 5 months (relative risks 0.86-0.92; p < .006 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Greater average household exposure to newspaper coverage about the harms associated with @entity34 was associated with a large population-based decline in @entity34 use. Further studies should examine whether media coverage directly influences the health behavior of individual @entity1 .

title: Average household exposure to newspaper coverage about the harmful effects of @entity34 and population-based declines in XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity34 :: (MESH:D016609,Disease) :: ['hormone therapy']


abstract: The gerbil Psammomys obesus develops nutrition-dependent @entity6 associated with moderate @entity28 . The disease is characterized by initial @entity3190 , progressing to hypoinsulinemia associated with depleted pancreatic insulin stores. The contribution of changes in beta-cell @entity1720 was investigated in vivo during transition to overt @entity6 . Normo glycemic @entity6 . obesus animals who were given a high-calorie diet developed @entity4854 within 4 days, which was found to be associated with a progressive decline in pancreatic insulin content. This was accompanied by a transient increase in beta-cell proliferative activity and by a prolonged increase in the rate of beta-cell death, culminating in disruption of islet architecture. The hypothesis that "glucotoxicity" was responsible for these in vivo changes was investigated in vitro in primary islet cultures. Exposure of islets from @entity6 . obesus to high @entity413 levels resulted in a dose-dependent increase in beta-cell DNA fragmentation. In contrast, high @entity413 levels did not induce DNA fragmentation in @entity35 islets, whereas islets from a @entity6 . obesus line exhibited a reduced and delayed response. @entity5118 did not prevent @entity413 -induced beta-cell DNA fragmentation in vitro, suggesting that formation of @entity842 and/or advanced glycation end products plays no major role. Elevated @entity413 concentrations stimulated beta-cell proliferation in both @entity35 and P. obesus islets. However, unlike the marked long-lasting effect in @entity35 islets, only a transient and reduced proliferative response was observed in P. obesus islets; furthermore, beta-cell proliferation was inhibited after prolonged exposure to elevated @entity413 levels. These results suggest that @entity4854 -induced beta-cell death coupled with reduced proliferative capacity may contribute to the @entity1720 and deterioration of @entity413 homeostasis in P. obesus. Similar adverse effects of @entity4854 could play a role in the evolution of type 2 @entity6 in genetically susceptible individuals.

title: @entity4854 -induced beta-cell apoptosis in pancreatic islets of Psammomys obesus during development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-prone P', 'diabetes', 'diabetes-resistant P']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficiency', 'turnover to insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity130 following @entity64 ( @entity64 ) cause disability and affect work capabilities. This study evaluated functional, self-report, and medical-based factors that could predict work capacity as was reflected in a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) among @entity1 who sustained a @entity130 . It was hypothesized that self-reported functional status and bio-demographic variables would predict work capacity. @entity1 : Sixty-one community-dwelling adults previously hospitalized following a @entity64 induced @entity130 . METHODS: FCE for work performance was conducted using the Physical Work Performance Evaluation (PWPE). Additional data was collected through a demographics questionnaire and the Functional Status Questionnaire. All @entity1 underwent an orthopedic medical examination of the hip and lower extremities. RESULTS: Most @entity1 self-reported that their work capacity @entity130 were lower than their job required. PWPE scores indicated below-range functional performance. Regression models predicted 23% to 51% of PWPE subtests. @entity1 ' self-report of functioning (instrumental activities of daily living and work) and bio-demographic variables (gender and age) were better predictors of PWPE scores than factors originating from the medical examination. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the inclusion of FCE, in addition to self-report of functioning and medical examination, to evaluate work capacity among individuals' post- @entity130 and interventions and discharge planning.

title: Functional capacity evaluation of work performance among individuals with @entity130 following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['MVA', 'motor vehicle accidents']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic injuries', 'pelvic injury', 'post-injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['motor vehicle accidents']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity1875 has been shown to be an effective method for endoscopic sedation but there are few studies of low-dose @entity1875 protocols for @entity344 . METHODS: One hundred @entity1 (American Society of Anesthesiology classes I-III) undergoing outpatient colonoscopy were enrolled prospectively in a multidrug @entity1875 regimen that consisted of @entity1875 , @entity1363 , and @entity6882 . Study outcome measures evaluated the level of sedation, length of procedure, sedation/recovery time, @entity1 satisfaction, and adverse events. RESULTS: The mean dose of @entity1875 was 90 +/- 40 mg. The mean times for induction of sedation, reaching the cecum, and total procedure time were 3 +/- 1 minutes, 5 +/- 3 minutes, and 17 +/- 4 minutes, respectively. Deep sedation was observed in only 0.3% of observations. Postprocedure, the mean times to stand at the bedside without assistance, completion of all discharge criteria, and actual discharge were 10 +/- 8 minutes, 20 +/- 20 minutes, and 37 +/- 23 minutes, respectively. @entity1 satisfaction ratings were high on a 10-point scale, with mean total procedure and sedation satisfaction scores of 9.4 +/- 0.8 and 9.4 +/- 1.1. In 99% of @entity1 , no supplemental @entity26 was required. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: This protocol for @entity1875 administration is safe and effective for @entity1 undergoing elective colonoscopy. The level of sedation was titrated readily to a moderate level of sedation while preserving a high degree of @entity1 satisfaction.

title: A prospective safety study of a low-dose XXXX sedation protocol for colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some @entity41972 strains function as predominant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Within this group, @entity41972 chlororaphis and @entity11763 are non-pathogenic biocontrol agents, and some @entity796 and @entity4190 strains are PGPR. P. chlororaphis GP72 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with a fully sequenced genome. We conducted a genomic analysis comparing GP72 with three other pseudomonad PGPR: @entity41973 , @entity41972 , and the @entity1568 -fixing strain @entity41974 . Our aim was to identify the similarities and differences among these strains using a comparative genomic approach to clarify the mechanisms of plant growth-promoting activity. RESULTS: The genome sizes of GP72, @entity41973 , M18, and @entity41974 ranged from 4.6 to 7.1 M, and the number of protein-coding genes varied among the four species. Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) analysis assigned functions to predicted proteins. The COGs distributions were similar among the four species. However, the percentage of genes encoding transposases and their inactivated derivatives (COG L) was 1.33% of the total genes with COGs classifications in @entity41974 , 0.21% in GP72, 0.02% in @entity41973 , and 0.11% in M18. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that GP72 and @entity41973 were the most closely related strains, consistent with the genome alignment results. Comparisons of predicted coding sequences (CDSs) between GP72 and @entity41973 revealed 3544 conserved genes. There were fewer conserved genes when GP72 CDSs were compared with those of @entity41974 and M18. Comparisons among the four @entity41972 species revealed 603 conserved genes in GP72, illustrating common plant growth-promoting traits shared among these PGPR. Conserved genes were related to catabolism, transport of plant-derived compounds, stress resistance, and rhizosphere colonization. Some strain-specific CDSs were related to different kinds of biocontrol activities or plant growth promotion. The GP72 genome contained the cus operon (related to heavy metal resistance) and a gene cluster involved in type IV pilus biosynthesis, which confers adhesion ability. CONCLUSIONS: Comparative genomic analysis of four representative PGPR revealed some conserved regions, indicating common characteristics (metabolism of plant-derived compounds, heavy metal resistance, and rhizosphere colonization) among these pseudomonad PGPR. Genomic regions specific to each strain provide clues to its lifestyle, ecological adaptation, and physiological role in the rhizosphere.

title: Comparative genomic analysis of four representative plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity41972 :: ('941193', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa M18', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity4190 :: ('316', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas stutzeri']

answer: @entity41972 :: (941193,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas']


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity703 , which is characterized by the presence of mature or immature fat tissue, thick-walled blood vessels, and smooth muscles. However, there is a rare possibility of transformation to a @entity5 . This transformation could be toward @entity242 . And also @entity359 could be associated with @entity1358 in the same kidney. The aim of this study is to show the association of @entity359 with complex clinical situations such as malign transformation, simultaneous occurrence with @entity420 , @entity5 with @entity2916 or Wunderlich Syndrome. Findings of clinical presentation, pathological evaluation, urography, ultrasonography, and computerized tomography of 19 @entity1 who were diagnosed @entity359 in our clinic during 1994-2003 were examined retrospectively. Our records indicated that radical nephrectomy was performed in three cases of @entity359 in which the differential diagnosis from @entity420 could not be made and in another case of @entity359 , which was associated with @entity420 . Simple nephrectomy was performed in four symptomatic @entity359 cases with @entity5 size larger than 4 cm and partial nephrectomy in another case. In one case, @entity8 was associated with @entity420 in the same kidney. In one case, post-operative recurrence of @entity359 developed 7 months after nephrectomy. This @entity1 was diagnosed low-grade @entity1822 . @entity359 is regarded as a @entity703 ; however, it may also show @entity146 and rarely transform to @entity242 . It may also exist in the same kidney along with @entity420 or @entity242 .

title: @entity8 with XXXX , simultaneous occurrence with @entity5 and other complex clinical situations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal angiomyolipoma', 'renal angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bilateral tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma', 'Angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['benign kidney tumor', 'benign tumor of the kidney']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant transformation']


abstract: A 65-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with a 6-month history of a gradually enlarging subcutaneous mass in the frontal region. Neurological examination on admission showed no significant abnormality. Skull X-P showed an @entity690 of the frontal bone. External carotid angiogram demonstrated a @entity5 stain fed by the middle meningeal artery. Computed tomography (CT) showed a slightly high density mass with a marked homogeneous enhancement. MRI revealed an iso-intensity mass on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Gd-DTPA-enhanced T1-weighted images showed a mass with a marked homogeneous enhancement with the "dural tail sign" in the dura adjacent to the @entity5 . The @entity5 was totally removed; this mass was diagnosed as a @entity1582 . No @entity5 cells were seen in the dura adjacent to the @entity5 and the mechanism of dural enhancement around the @entity5 was not clear. However, it is possible that the "dural tail" is due to increased vascular permeability of the dural vessels. Although the "dural tail" sign has been considered as a highly specific feature of @entity1653 , @entity1582 can show the same findings on MRI. Therefore, it is important to consider the possibility of @entity1582 in the differential diagnosis of @entity3554 .

title: [A case of XXXX presenting with a subcutaneous mass: significance of "dural tail sign" in the differential diagnosis of the @entity3554 ].

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7838 ( @entity7838 ) for hemodialysis are prone to problems, ultimately leading to failure of the fistulae. Our aim was to determine the site and time to first @entity850 and time to and factors influencing @entity7838 for radio-cephalic (RC), brachio-cephalic (BC), and transposed brachio-basilic (BB) @entity7838 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of native @entity7838 constructed within a single vascular unit between January 2002-December 2008. @entity1 followed up to the end points of death, @entity7838 or end of study period. Data collected included: age, sex, @entity7838 type, time and site of first @entity850 and time to failure. The relationship between @entity292 type, @entity850 , and failure were examined. RESULTS: In total, 398 native @entity7838 were included in the study (91 RC, 208 BC, and 99 BB), with a mean age of 66 years. A total of 215 (54%) @entity7838 developed a flow limiting @entity850 , and over time 151 (40%) @entity7838 failed. Stenoses developed significantly earlier in RC @entity7838 (median 113 days) compared to BC (median 277 days), compared to BB (median days 414), P=.029. There was no statistically significant difference in time to failure (RC median 1344 days; BC median 1576 days; BB median 1159 days), P=.673. The presence of @entity850 was the only variable found to have a significant impact on @entity7838 in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Type of @entity3140 did not impact on failure rates. Flow limiting stenoses impacted on @entity292 failure.

title: Natural history of XXXX for chronic hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb fistula']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity7838 :: ('MESH:D001159', 'Disease') :: ['Arterio-venous fistulae', 'AVF', 'AVF failure']

answer: @entity3140 :: (MESH:D038062,Disease) :: ['upper limb arterio-venous fistulae']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to analyse @entity5967 (group B @entity5967 , @entity5011 ) isolates collected in Italy from vaginal and urine samples in respect to their clonality, distribution of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance determinants. Three @entity5011 were recovered from clinical samples. They were analysed for antibiotic resistance profiling. @entity2929 -resistant strains were further characterised by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), serotyping and the detection of alp genes of the alpha-like protein (Alp) family. @entity5011 isolates represented 40 different sequence types (STs), grouped in five clonal complexes (CCs) and belonged to seven serotypes. Most serotype V strains (81%) possessed alp2-3; serotype Ia carried mainly epsilon, while the serotype III mainly rib. All isolates were susceptible to @entity114 , whereas resistance to @entity2929 was detected in 15% of isolates. Most @entity2929 -resistant @entity5011 strains were of serotype V (56.8%) and belonged to the CC-1 group (50%). @entity7646 resistance phenotypes were the cMLS(B) (46.5%) and the M phenotypes (46.5%) due to the presence of ermB and mefA/E genes, respectively. These results provide data which establish a baseline for monitoring @entity2929 resistance in this region and also provide an insight into the correlation among clonal types, serotypes, surface protein and resistance genes. The increased prevalence of strains that displayed the M phenotype strengthens the importance of the epidemiological surveillance of @entity7646 resistance in @entity5011 , which may also represent an important reservoir of resistance genes for other species.

title: Phenotypes, genotypes, serotypes and molecular epidemiology of XXXX -resistant @entity5967 in Italy.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'Streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide', 'Macrolide']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin', 'Erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'hundred and eighty-eight GBS']

answer: @entity2929 :: (MESH:D004917,Chemical) :: ['erythromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To complement available information on mortality in a population Standard Expected Years of Life Lost (SEYLL), an indicator of premature mortality, is increasingly used to calculate the mortality-associated disease burden. SEYLL consider the age at death and therefore allow a more accurate view on mortality patterns as compared to routinely used measures (e.g. death counts). This study provides a comprehensive assessment of disease and @entity130 for Hong Kong in 2010. METHODS: To estimate the SEYLL, life-expectancy at birth was set according to the 2004 Global Burden of Disease study at 82.5 and 80 years for females and males, respectively. Cause of death data for 2010 were corrected for misclassification of cardiovascular and @entity5 causes. In addition to the baseline estimates, scenario analyses were performed using alternative assumptions on life-expectancy (Hong Kong standard life-expectancy), time-discounting and age-weighting. To estimate a trend of premature mortality a time-series analysis from 2001 to 2010 was conducted. RESULTS: In 2010 524,706.5 years were lost due to @entity204 in Hong Kong with 58.3% of the SEYLL attributable to male deaths. The three overall leading single causes of SEYLL were " @entity825 , @entity2 ", " @entity299 " and "lower @entity1729 " together accounting for about 29% of the overall SEYLL. Further, self-inflicted injuries (5.6%; ranked 5) and @entity96 (4.9%; ranked 7) were identified as important causes not adequately captured by classical mortality measures. Scenario analyses highlighted that by using a 3% time-discount rate and non-uniform age-weights the SEYLL dropped by 51.6%. Using Hong Kong's standard life-expectancy values resulted in an overall increase of SEYLL by 10.8% as compared to the baseline SEYLL. Time-series analysis indicates an overall increase of SEYLL by 6.4%. In particular, group I (communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional) conditions showed highest increases with SEYLL-rates per 100,000 in 2010 being 1.4 times higher than 2001. CONCLUSIONS: The study stresses the mortality impact of @entity66 that occur in earlier stages of life and thus presents the SEYLL measure as a more sensitive indicator compared to classical mortality indicators. SEYLL provide useful additional information and supplement available death statistics.

title: Quantifying the XXXX due to premature mortality in Hong Kong using standard expected years of life lost.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases and injuries']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['bronchus and lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['premature death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury SEYLL']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['burden of disease']


abstract: Conventional coronary angiography (CCA) has considerable limitations regarding visualization of distal vessel segments in chronic @entity432 . We assessed the ability of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) to predict the success of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) to the chronically occluded @entity453 ( @entity3980 ) incompletely visualized on CCA. Thirty symptomatic @entity1 rejected for CABG on the basis of the CCA findings underwent preoperative CCTA before intended transmyocardial laser revascularization. The @entity3980 was explored operatively in all @entity1 , and CABG to the @entity3980 was attempted if the distal vessel was suitable for @entity254 . The procedural outcome of CABG and the 6-month patency of the left internal mammary artery graft at follow-up CCTA were defined as the primary and secondary end point, respectively. The primary and secondary end points were achieved in 80% and 77% of @entity1 , respectively. We found a significant correlation between the intraoperative and computed tomographic measurement of distal @entity3980 diameter (R = 0.428, p = 0.037). On multivariate analysis, the maximum diameter of the distal @entity3980 by CCTA (odds ratio 8.16, p = 0.043) was the only independent correlate of procedural success of CABG. A cutoff value of 1.5 mm for the mean distal @entity3980 diameter predicted left internal mammary artery graft patency with 100% specificity and 83% sensitivity. Successful CABG resulted in significant improvements in angina class and left ventricular function in @entity3980 segments at 6 months of follow-up. In conclusion, CCTA predicted both the procedural and the intermediate outcome of CABG to chronic @entity432 with failed visualization on CCA.

title: Coronary computed tomographic angiography for prediction of procedural and intermediate outcome of bypass grafting to left anterior descending XXXX with failed visualization on conventional angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion', 'total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior descending coronary artery']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusion']


abstract: Numerous lifestyle, emotional, and biological factors have been identified as risk factors for @entity299 . These include socioeconomic status, early childhood and intimate partner abuse, disruption of sleep patterns, lack of exercise, and unhealthy food choices. Genetic and epigenetic factors are also critical components of the equation. A common denominator that links directly or indirectly all of these factors is @entity32 . In some instances, the production of inflammatory molecules may precipitate the illness, while in others they may be produced in response to the underlying cause. Regardless of whether through direct or indirect means, @entity32 contributes to the gradual loss of cellular energy substrates, which culminates in impaired diastolic performance. For that reason, to refer to a failure of the cardiovascular system as heart or @entity65 lessens the potentially important contribution of a myriad of other factors. This article begins with the premise that @entity299 is more than a @entity299 . An argument will be made that @entity299 can also be an economic, behavioral, and/or @entity74 , which subsequently gives rise to a metabolic failure. Therefore, a multi-systems approach should be taken to identify prior to the onset of damage biological and non-biological predictors of impending @entity299 .

title: Diagnosing @entity65 from the perspective of the brain and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cardiac functioning', 'heart disease', 'heart disorder']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Between January 1, 1970, and December 31, 1988, 179 @entity1 (birth to age 16) were treated for spinal cord and/or @entity130 by the Neurosurgical Service at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Pediatric @entity130 accounted for 9% of all spinal trauma seen during this period. The mean age was 10.2 years. Sixty-two @entity1 were between birth and 8 years of age and 117 were between ages 9 and 16. The cause, distribution, @entity130 , and severity of @entity16 varied with age. Neurological outcome was dependent on the severity of the initial @entity16 . @entity1 with complete or severe incomplete @entity602 uniformly remained with severe @entity51 ; @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity130 recovered normal or nearly normal neurological function. Surgical versus nonoperative management had no bearing on neurological outcome. Twelve percent of the @entity1 with severe @entity1566 developed posttraumatic @entity85 . We conclude that @entity3510 patterns differ between preadolescent and older @entity1 . Most @entity130 can be successfully managed with nonoperative therapy. Prognosis is primarily correlated with the severity of the initial neurological insult. Finally, @entity1 with severe @entity1566 must have close, long-term follow-up to monitor the development of posttraumatic @entity85 .

title: Pediatric spinal cord and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'vertebral column injury', 'type of injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['vertebral column injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Image-guided radiation therapy allows the delivery of precisely aimed radiation beams to @entity5 while minimizing radiation to adjacent normal tissue. This is particularly important in the prostate, a moving target whose positioning depends on the dynamics of its neighboring bladder and rectum. Targeted radiation therapy can be achieved by using implantable radiographic markers, or fiducials, which serve as reference points to accurately delineate @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and safety of placing fiducials in the prostate under linear array EUS guidance to facilitate targeted radiation therapy. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database. SETTING: University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, a tertiary @entity5 referral center. @entity1 : @entity263 @entity1 scheduled to undergo intensity-modulated radiation therapy. INTERVENTIONS: A total of 16 @entity1 underwent EUS-guided fiducial placement to delineate the prostate before planned radiation therapy. RESULTS: Fiducial placement was successful in all @entity1 (100%). A total of 71 gold markers were deployed in a 4-quadrant manner outlining the prostate. Seven of 16 @entity1 had an additional fiducial placed to ensure adequate prostate delineation. @entity1 tolerated the procedure well with minimal discomfort. No complications developed from the procedure. LIMITATIONS: Single-center experience, small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided placement of fiducials to facilitate image-guided radiation therapy for @entity263 is a feasible alternative to transperineal or transrectal US approaches, thereby adding to the expanding list of indications for linear EUS. This procedure can be safely performed by endosonographers familiar with perirectal anatomy and transrectal FNA technique.

title: EUS-guided fiducial placement before targeted radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Besides gonadotrophins and @entity251 , numerous intratesticular factors, and among them @entity172 play a crucial role in the regulation of spermatogenesis in the @entity1 testis. The ability of the male gonad to convert @entity3800 into @entity172 is well known; the microsomal enzymatic complex involved in this transformation named aromatase, is composed of a specific cytochrome P450 aromatase ( @entity18946 ) and a ubiquitous reductase. Using a highly specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, we have measured the amount of @entity18946 mRNA in purified @entity35 Leydig cells submitted to different treatments during 24 h. In parallel, the @entity53 output was determined by RIA. Whatever the concentrations of @entity251 used (as substrate of aromatase activity), we noted an increase of the @entity53 production, the maximum being obtained for 200 ng/ml (28%). Related to the @entity18946 mRNA levels, a decrease was first observed for 50 and 100 ng/ml of @entity251 then an increase (20%) for the higher doses (200-500 ng/ml). The addition of oLH (0.1-50 ng/ml) to the Leydig cells culture medium induced a dose-related increase of @entity53 output till 10 ng/ml. For 50 ng/ml, a decrease was observed. Dealing with the mRNA levels, we first recorded a diminution for 0.1-1 ng/ml of oLH, which was abolished by the addition of @entity251 . Then the mRNA levels were increased and reached a maximum for 5-10 ng/ml of oLH (35 and 50%, respectively, in absence and in presence of @entity251 ). The addition of oLH (50 ng/ml) induced a large augmentation of the quantity of @entity18946 mRNA (1.9 and 2.1-fold, respectively, in absence or in presence of @entity251 ). @entity5393 mimicked the effects of oLH. From these data, we confirm the presence of @entity268 response-like elements (CRE) and the existence of @entity342 responsive elements (ARE) sites on the @entity18946 gene in @entity35 Leydig cells.

title: Regulation of the aromatase gene expression in mature XXXX Leydig cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether body mass index (BMI) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) differ between @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity625 ( @entity571 , @entity571 ) and healthy individuals, and whether disease specific measures of adiposity are required to accurately reflect @entity1386 in these groups. METHODS: 641 individuals were assessed for BMI (kg/m(2)) and @entity1386 (bioelectrical impedance). Of them, 299 (174 @entity309 , 43 @entity571 and 82 healthy controls (HC)) formed the observation group and 342 (all @entity309 ) the validation group. @entity309 disease characteristics were collected. RESULTS: ANOVA revealed significant differences between disease groups for BMI (p<0.05) and @entity1386 (p<0.001). ANCOVA showed that age accounted for the differences in BMI (F(1,294) = 5.10, p<0.05); age (F(1,293) = 22.43, p<0.001), sex (F(1,293) = 380.90, p<0.001) and disease (F(2, 293) = 18.7, p<0.001) accounted for the differences in @entity1386 . For a given @entity1386 , @entity1 with @entity309 exhibited BMI levels reduced by 1.83 kg/m(2) (p<0.001) compared to HC; there were no significant differences between @entity571 and HC. A predictive model for @entity1386 was developed (R(2) = 0.769, p<0.001) and validated using limits of agreement Analysis against measured @entity1386 in the validation group (95%LIM(AG) = 6.17; CV = 8.94). CONCLUSIONS: In individuals with @entity309 , BMI cut-off points should be reduced by 2 kg/m(2) (that is, to 23 kg/m(2) for overweight and 28 kg/m(2) for @entity28 ). The equation developed can be used to accurately predict @entity1386 from BMI in @entity309 @entity1 . These findings may be important in the context of the cardiovascular comorbidity of @entity309 .

title: Redefining overweight and @entity28 in @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['non-inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One of the main pathogeneses of varicocoele and @entity249 is @entity66 ( @entity66 ), nevertheless, the oxidative damaged DNA in @entity249 @entity1 with varicocoele remains poorly clarified. The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate whether sperm DNA damage and @entity66 were related with different issues of varicocoele. According to the varicocoele practice guidelines, surgical treatment was not indicated in the @entity249 @entity1 with subclinical (SubVc, n  =  15) and @entity922 ( @entity922 , n  =  22), the @entity249 astheno/oligozoospermic @entity1 with clinical varicocoele (AOCVc, n  =  51) would receive microsurgerical varicocoelectomy. Normozoospermic healthy donors with proven fertility (n  =  25) were recruited as controls. @entity4466 and sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) methods were preformed to analyze seminal lipid peroxidation product @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI). We found that AOCVc and @entity922 , except SubVc, could significantly elevate sperm DFI and seminal @entity1865 levels. Varicocoelectomy could substantially improve semen parameters, and reduce sperm DFI and seminal @entity1865 levels in the AOCVc @entity1 . However, the non-operative @entity922 @entity1 would possibly suffer a severe deterioration of semen parameters accompanied by aberrantly higher levels of sperm DFI and seminal @entity1865 , whereas no differences occurred in the non-operative SubVc @entity1 . Sperm DFI level in the pregnant group was much lower compared to the non-pregnant group (AOCVc, p  <  0.01; @entity922 , p  <  0.05) with the best cutoff value of 19.73%, while no differences in seminal @entity1865 (p  >  0.05) could be observed. Finally, a strong positive correlation was found between sperm DFI and seminal @entity1865 (Rs  =  0.504, p  <  0.01), and they were also closely correlated with crucial semen parameters except normal morphology. Therefore, sperm DNA damage in clinical varicocoele, but not in SubVc, might be associated with the role of seminal reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in mediating such damage. Varicocoelectomy could be beneficial for reducing @entity66 and sperm DFI, and males with low sperm fragmented-DNA level had more opportunities to become pregnant.

title: A comprehensive investigation of sperm DNA damage and @entity66 in @entity249 XXXX with subclinical, normozoospermic, and astheno/oligozoospermic clinical varicocoele.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'oxidative stress', 'OS injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['normozoospermic clinical varicocoele', 'NCVc']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Thyroidal hormones are important for bone development, and ultrasonographic (US) evaluation of the distal femoral epiphysis (DFE) has recently been suggested as a new method for the assessment of skeletal maturity in @entity1 . A delayed bone maturation, expressed by a smaller or absent DFE nucleus (in terms of DFE surface area, sum of the epiphyseal diameters, or DFE height and acetabular size), has been largely demonstrated in diagnosed @entity1375 @entity1 , while no data analyze the role and meaning of the DFE dimensions (in terms of volume) in newborn before knowledge of the congenital neonatal screening results. The aims of the present study were to ultrasonographically evaluate the volume of DFE in newborns, and to determine whether it has any predictive role for the @entity1374 at birth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 238 newborns (M/F: 121 /117) were evaluated. The gestational age, body weight and length at birth were registered. Neonatal screening for @entity6750 ( @entity6750 ), based on TSH levels on blood spot, was performed in all on the 3 rd day of life. The DFE volume was ultrasonographically evaluated, taking into account the three diameters of the DFE nucleus, within 48 hours of birth. RESULTS: No newborn was found to have @entity6750 on neonatal screening. The DFE volume ranged between 0.00 cm and 0.61 cm (mean 0.14    0.10 cm, median 0.13 cm). The DFE volume did not differ between males and females, while it was significantly greater in at term babies than in preterm babies. No differences in TSH values at screening were noted among the groups. The DFE volume was significantly related to gestational age, birth weight and length. A significant relationship was found between the DFE volume and TSH concentrations at screening. CONCLUSION: US evaluation of DFE volume provides a simple method for assessing bone maturity at birth, which is related to gestational age, body weight and length at birth. Nonetheless, it has any predictive role for @entity1374 at birth, being not related to TSH levels on neonatal screening for @entity6750 .

title: Bone maturity and XXXX at birth: role of the ultrasonographic evaluation of the distal femoral epiphysis.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity6750 :: ('MESH:D003409', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hypothyroidism', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroidal status']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroidal status']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fatigue is the third most common "extraintestinal" complaint of @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ), but it is still poorly understood. This study aimed to review characteristics of @entity1744 -associated @entity1295 and to examine pooled frequency, severity of @entity1295 , and correlations of related factors with @entity1295 in @entity1744 via meta-analyses. METHODS: Publications were searched in eight databases from 1995 to 2014. Random effects meta-analyses were applied with standard error, weighted effect size, and correlation-based measure of effect size. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were included in systematic review. Seventeen studies were used for meta-analyses (2 studies were excluded in the frequency of @entity1295 analysis due to data unavailability). Using "tiredness" to define @entity1295 , and Fatigue Impact Scale to assess @entity1295 were the most frequently used across the studies. Gastrointestinal symptoms, @entity458 , and health-related quality of life were the most common correlates with @entity1295 . The pooled frequency of @entity1295 was 54.2% [95% confidence interval (38.5, 69.4)]. Metaregression on the frequency of @entity1295 showed positive and significant relations with tertiary care settings, female sex, and younger age. There was a negatively moderate relationship between the severity of @entity1295 and health-related quality of life score (correlation-based measure of effect size: -.378). CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue is prevalent among @entity1 with @entity1744 and commonly co-occurs with other symptoms. This is the first study to fully examine @entity1295 in @entity1744 , which shed light on the comprehensive management of @entity1295 in this @entity1 group. Future research is warranted to further explore @entity1295 -related factors and underlying mechanisms of @entity1295 in @entity1744 .

title: Fatigue in XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Pooled Frequency and Severity of Fatigue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['Irritable Bowel Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Digital @entity1066 represent one of the most frequent complications of @entity785 ( @entity785 ; @entity2631 ); they are very painful, scarcely responsive to treatment, and often responsible for marked limitations on daily activities, including @entity1 self-care. Infectious complications may severely compromise the outcome of @entity272 in a significant percentage of @entity1 . Numerous pathogens of different origin may be involved, including bacteria from @entity1 endogenous flora. Here we evaluated the possible involvement of fecal pathogens in @entity1066 . METHODS: Among a series of 82 @entity785 @entity1 with digital @entity1066 , we retrospectively analyzed 42 subjects with clinical signs of local @entity2348 . All digital @entity1066 with suspected @entity281 have been investigated by microbiologic examinations. RESULTS: @entity2348 was confirmed in all 42 @entity1 investigated; in particular, @entity794 were the most frequently found (50%). Interestingly, 11 (26%) of 42 @entity1 showed @entity1066 with intestinal bacteria; specifically, 7 @entity1 were positive for @entity526 and 4 for @entity797 . Diffuse cutaneous @entity785 @entity1 were more numerous in this subgroup versus the other 31 @entity1 (Fisher's P = 0.011). CONCLUSION: A number of effective measures involving health care personnel and hospital environment are essential in the management of digital @entity1066 and prevention of @entity166 . In addition, the prevalence of fecal pathogens in one-quarter of cases, never reported previously, suggests an important role of a @entity1 's self-care limitations, mainly during intercurrent home medications. Consequently, methodical education on hand hygiene of both @entity1 and relatives, frequently involved in ulcer medications, is mandatory to avoid such deleterious complications.

title: @entity2631 digital XXXX complicated by @entity281 with fecal pathogens.

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma digital ulcers', 'ulcers', 'digital ulcers infected']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection', 'Bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: * In burn @entity1 it has been shown ([2]), that there is a correlation between the @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) and the clearance of inulin. * The @entity14488 has never been studied in burn @entity1 who have normal serum @entity1011 . * The Robert, Kirkpatrick and sMDRD formulae have never been evaluated in burn @entity1 . WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: * Despite burn @entity1 having normal serum @entity1011 concentrations, the study showed that there are large variations in @entity14488 which cannot be detected by single serum @entity1011 measurements, and which have important implications for drug therapy. * It showed that the formulae currently used to calculate @entity1011 clearance on the basis of serum @entity1011 are inadequate for use in burn @entity1 , and they should be abandoned in favour of direct measurement from a 24 h urine collection. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the renal function of burn @entity1 could be correctly assessed using a single serum @entity1011 measurement, within normal limits, and three prediction equations of glomerular filtration taking into account, serum @entity1011 , age, weight and sex. METHODS: This was a prospective study comprising 36 adult burn @entity1 with a serum @entity1011 <120 micromol l(-1), within the second or third week following the @entity130 . Renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 , and the Cockcroft-Gault, Robert, Kirkpatrick and simplified MDRD equations. RESULTS: Despite normal serum @entity1011 concentrations in all @entity1 , a significant number had a decreased @entity14488 . The urinary @entity14488 was <80 ml(-1) min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) in nine @entity1 (25%), and <60 ml(-1) min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) in five @entity1 (14%). Between the groups having a @entity14488 lower or greater than 80 ml(-1) min(-1) 1.73 m(-2) there were no differences in gender, burn indices, percentage of mechanically ventilated @entity1 or length of hospital stay, but a difference in age. The highest @entity14488 (>140 ml(-1) min(-1) 1.73 m(-2)) was found in 13 @entity1 younger than 40 years. Regression analysis, residual and Bland-Altman plots revealed that neither the Cockcroft-Gault, Robert, Kirkpatrick nor sMDRD equations were specific enough for the assessment of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: In burn @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 during the hypermetabolic phase, serum @entity1011 and @entity908 based predictive equations are imprecise in assessing renal function.

title: Assessment of renal function in clinical practice at the bedside of burn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']