abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is a frequent @entity1 @entity2331 . Prospectively, global ageing of populations will lead to a major increase of subjects being diagnosed with @entity170 and in need for dental rehabilitation. However, as local @entity170 of the jaws affects bone quantity and quality of edentulous regions, osseointegration of dental implants might be hampered. Consequently, @entity78 ceramic-coated implants have been suggested to compensate for low bone quantity/density and for impaired @entity79 in @entity170 . Nonetheless, up to now no meta-analytical assessment of the relevant preclinical literature to quantify such a possible positive effect has been undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed search, limited to animal models, to identify a possible positive effect of @entity78 -coated implants on bone regeneration, was carried out. Further, the reference lists of related review articles and publications selected for inclusion in this review were systematically screened. The primary outcome variables were bone-to-implant contact percentage as assessed histomorphometrically and mechanical stability testing. RESULTS: The electronic search in the database of the National Library of Medicine resulted in the identification of 2704 titles. These titles were initially screened by the two independent reviewers for possible inclusion, resulting in further consideration of 51 publications. Screening the abstracts led to 22 full-text articles. From these articles, 16 reports were excluded. Finally, six of these original research reports could be selected for evaluation. Additionally, eight publications were identified by manual search. Thus, a total of 14 articles were included for analysis. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that (1) in @entity3604 models @entity78 ceramic-coated implants are associated with improved bone-to-implant healing as compared to noncoated implants. Moreover, (2) essentially due to quality characteristics of the analyzed original research articles a negative impact of @entity170 on bone-to-implant healing could not be confirmed. Besides, (3) the established positive bone-to-implant healing effect of @entity78 ceramic coatings does not differ between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic, healthy animal models.

title: Bone regeneration related to XXXX -coated implants in @entity3604 models: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic animal']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic bone disorder']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemotherapy-induced @entity33 is characterized by @entity158 and a pro-inflammatory tissue response. @entity35 models are frequently used in @entity3137 investigations yet little is known about the presence of @entity158 in these animals, the ability of analgesics to ameliorate the condition, or the effect that analgesic administration may have on study outcomes. This study investigated different classes of analgesics with the aim of determining their analgesic effects and impact on research outcomes of interest in a @entity35 model of @entity33 . Female DA @entity35 were allocated to 8 groups to include saline and chemotherapy controls (n = 8). Analgesics included opioid derivatives ( @entity4783 ; 0.05mg/kg and @entity1340 12.5mg/kg) and NSAID ( @entity9693 ; 15mg/kg) in combination with either saline or @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ; 150mg/kg). Research outcome measures included daily clinical parameters, @entity158 score and gut histology. @entity1589 assay was performed to determine gut @entity32 . At the dosages employed, all agents had an analgesic effect based on behavioural @entity158 scores. Jejunal @entity1589 activity was significantly reduced by @entity4783 and @entity1340 in comparison to @entity1487 control animals (53%, p = 0.0004 and 58%, p = 0.0001). @entity9693 had no ameliorating effect on @entity1589 levels. None of the agents reduced the histological damage caused by @entity1487 administration although @entity1340 tended to increase villus length even when administered to healthy animals. These data provide evidence that @entity9693 offers potential as an analgesic in this animal model due to its @entity158 -relieving efficacy and minimal effect on measured parameters. This study also supports further investigation into the mechanism and utility of opioid agents in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity33 .

title: Differential Effectiveness of Clinically-Relevant Analgesics in a @entity35 Model of Chemotherapy-Induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1589 :: ('303413(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Myeloperoxidase', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis disease']

entities_list: @entity9693 :: ('MESH:C007005', 'Chemical') :: ['carprofen', 'Carprofen']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['Mucositis']


abstract: Recent findings indicate that @entity35 navigate in spatial tasks such as the Morris water maze (MWM) using a local cue-based reference frame rather than a distal cue-based reference frame. Specifically, @entity35 swim in a particular direction to a location relative to pool-based cues, rather than to an absolute location defined by room-based cues. Neural mechanisms supporting this bias in rodents for relative responding in spatial tasks are not yet understood. Anterior thalamic neurons discharge according to the current directional heading of the animal. The contribution of @entity135 ( @entity135 ) cell activity to navigation has been difficult to elucidate. We found that male C57BL/6J @entity19 trained for 4 or 7 d in the MWM exhibited an overwhelming preference for swimming in a direction relative to pool-based cues over absolute responding during a platform-less probe test. Rotation of extramaze cues caused a corresponding rotation of the direction @entity19 swam during the probe test, suggesting that both pool- and room-based reference frames guide platform search. However, disorienting the @entity19 before the probe test disturbed relative responding. Therefore, relative responding is guided by both internal and external cue sources. Selective inactivation of anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) by microinfusion of @entity6341 or fluorophore-conjugated @entity6341 caused a near complete shift in preference from relative to absolute responding. Interestingly, inactivation of the dorsal @entity4778 region of the hippocampus did not affect relative responding. These data suggest that ATN, and @entity135 cells therein, may guide relative responding in the MWM, a task considered by most to reflect hippocampal processing.

title: Directional responding of C57BL/6J XXXX in the Morris water maze is influenced by visual and vestibular cues and is dependent on the anterior thalamic nuclei.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'head direction']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity263 is the second most common @entity5 in @entity1 in the UK. The disease is unpredictable in its behaviour and, at present, no single investigative method allows clinicians to differentiate between @entity5 that will progress and those that will remain quiescent. There is an increasing need for novel means to predict prognosis and outcome of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the value of artificial @entity1274 in predicting outcome in @entity263 in comparison with statistical methods, using a combination of conventional and experimental biological markers. Forty-one @entity1 with different stages and grades of @entity263 undergoing a variety of treatments were analysed. Artificial @entity1274 were used as follows: eight input neurons consisting of six conventional factors (age, stage, bone scan findings, grade, serum @entity11179 , treatment) and two experimental markers (immunostaining for @entity588 and @entity876 , which are both apoptosis-regulating genes). Twenty-one @entity1 were used for training and 20 for testing. A total of 80% of the @entity1 were correctly classified regarding outcome using the combination of factors. When both @entity588 and @entity876 immunoreactivity were excluded from the analysis, correct prediction of the outcome was achieved in only 60% of the @entity1 (P = 0.0032). This study was able to demonstrate the value of artificial @entity1274 in the analysis of prognostic markers in @entity263 . In addition, the potential for using this technology to evaluate novel markers is highlighted. Further large-scale analyses are required to incorporate this methodology into routine clinical practice.

title: Neural network analysis of combined conventional and experimental prognostic markers in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural networks']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Current scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric @entity1787 has declined worldwide over the past 20 years. The trend estimates are markedly dependent on the geographical location and are highly seasonal. Winter trends are much more negative than those for summer and autumn. Projections based on current assumptions of @entity3878 release suggest that this decline will continue into the next century. On the basis of the decrease in @entity1787 over the mid-latitudes, an increase in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of 4%-9% is expected, depending on the season and geographical location. However, the UVR penetration to the Earth's surface is greatly affected by clouds, aerosols and tropospheric @entity1787 , and current increases, if any, have not been as large as this. Direct evidence for the induction of @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ) due to UVR has been derived from animal experiments in @entity19 and @entity35 . Numerous epidemiological data confirm that this relationship also holds for @entity1 skin. The increase in @entity1489 incidence in the past two decades is not likely to be due to the decrease in @entity1787 , given the long latency (two to three decades) associated with UVR effects on skin. A knowledge of the action spectrum for @entity1489 development suggests that a 1% depletion in stratospheric @entity1787 may be expected to increase @entity1489 , at equilibrium, by about 2.0% The evidence on the role of UVR exposure in the development of @entity320 ( @entity320 ) is less certain. It has been estimated that a 1% reduction in @entity1787 may cause an increase in @entity320 of 0.6%.

title: Ultraviolet radiation and XXXX of @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['MM', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity3878 :: ('MESH:D002713', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorine']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: The requirement of dietary @entity377 sources for maximal helper T-cell function has been demonstrated. The effect of dietary @entity377 restriction was tested during two forms of nutritional stress: starvation and @entity3147 . In the starvation model, @entity19 were fed chow diet, @entity377 free or @entity377 free supplemented with 0.25% @entity375 RNA, for at least 4 weeks. The animals were then starved for 5 days, at which time they were killed and mitogen assays were performed using spleen cells. Animals previously maintained on the @entity377 -free diet supplemented with RNA showed a significant increase in spontaneous concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blastogenesis. @entity3147 was induced by feeding Balb/c @entity19 a protein-free diet for 7 to 10 days. These @entity19 then received either the protein-free diet, the @entity377 -free diet, or the @entity377 -free diet supplemented with 0.25% @entity375 RNA. Popliteal lymph node assays were then performed. The chow diet, @entity377 -free diet, and @entity377 -free diet supplemented with 0.25% @entity375 RNA led to a restoration of body weight, but only the chow and supplemented diets restored significant popliteal lymph node immune reactivity. These studies using starvation and @entity3147 models clearly indicate the nutritional role of @entity2036 in the maintenance and restoration of the immune response.

title: Dietary @entity2036 reverse XXXX and starvation-induced immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['Protein malnutrition', 'protein-malnutrition', 'protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['malnutrition']


abstract: In the continuous search for @entity5 therapies with a higher therapeutic window, localized temperature-induced drug delivery may offer a minimal invasive treatment option. Here, a chemotherapeutic drug is encapsulated into a temperature-sensitive liposome (TSL) that is released at elevated temperatures, for example, when passing through a locally heated @entity5 . Consequently, high drug levels in the @entity5 tissue can be achieved, while reducing drug exposure to healthy tissue. Although the concept of temperature-triggered drug delivery was suggested more than thirty years ago, several chemical and technological challenges had to be addressed to advance this approach towards clinical translation. In particular, non-invasive focal heating of tissue in a controlled fashion remained a challenge. For the latter, high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) allows non-invasive heating to establish @entity221 (40-45   C) of @entity5 tissue over time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a pivotal role in this procedure thanks to its superb spatial resolution for soft tissue as well as the possibility to acquire 3D temperature information. Consequently, MRI systems emerged with an HIFU ultrasound transducer embedded in the @entity1 bed (MR-HIFU), where the MRI is utilized for treatment planning, and to provide spatial and temperature feedback to the HIFU. For @entity5 treatment, the lesion is heated to 42   C using HIFU. At this temperature, the drug-loaded TSLs release their payload in a quantitative fashion. The concept of temperature-triggered drug delivery has been extended to MR image-guided drug delivery by the co-encapsulation of a paramagnetic MRI contrast agent in the lumen of TSLs. This review will give an overview of recent developments in temperature-induced drug delivery using HIFU under MRI guidance.

title: XXXX -triggered drug delivery from temperature-sensitive liposomes using MRI-guided high intensity focused ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: There is continuing assessment to find the most effective management strategy for primary soft tissue @entity242 . The goal of treatment for any @entity1 with @entity5 is to provide a @entity5 -free survival without clinically appreciable treatment-related morbidity. For most adult @entity1 , this currently is attempted by a combination of relatively conservative surgery and moderate dose of radiation. The concept being that radiation at dose levels of 50 to 60 Gy is adequate to inactivate the @entity5 cells which lie beyond the margins of a conservative resection, i.e., it replaces the resection of large volumes of normal tissue. Laboratory measurements of radiation sensitivity of cell lines derived from @entity242 of soft tissue @entity5 have shown that they are not radiation-resistant relative to the cell lines derived form epithelial @entity5 . Hence, there is no surprise the this combined modality approach has been demonstrated to be effective. The frequency of local control (85% to 90%) is at least as high as that combined by ablative surgery, but with much lesser decrement in functional and cosmetic status. Additionally, radiation at dose levels of about 75 Gy is effective in achieving worthwhile local control rates when administered against small @entity242 of the soft tissues, e.g. volumes of < or = 60 ml. Thus, for selected @entity5 , radiation alone does offer a reasonable option when surgery is not feasible for technical reasons or the @entity1 is not operable for medical reasons. Available data do not indicate a clear advantage for adjuvant chemotherapy for this group of @entity5 . Trials are in progress to assess the efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. We are conducting a phase II trial of MAID chemotherapy and radiation preoperatively; the results to date are superior to matched concurrently treated @entity1 . For local therapy, high and approximately comparable local control rates are being reported for several approaches: radical compartmental resection for selected @entity1 , surgery and postoperative radiation therapy, surgery and preoperative radiation treatment, resection and intraoperative placement of catheters for brachytherapy and intra-arterial @entity632 , radiation and resection. Our preferred approach for T 2, @entity242 of the soft tissues is radiation prior to surgery. There are, however, no data on the functional and cosmetic status after treatment of @entity1 whose @entity242 are of a specified site and volume for treatment by these diverse methods. This is a critically important question in the assessment of proper clinical role of each of these approaches.

title: Soft tissue XXXX : radiation as a therapeutic option.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'grades II-III sarcomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: AIM: To compare postoperative visual acuity, higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and corneal asphericity after femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) and after wavefront-guided laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (wfg-LASIK) in @entity735 . METHODS: We examined 43 eyes of 23 @entity1 undergoing FLEx and 34 eyes of 19 @entity1 undergoing wfg-LASIK to correct @entity1714 . Ocular HOAs were measured by Hartmann-Shack aberrometry and corneal asphericity was measured by a rotating Scheimpflug imaging system before and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in uncorrected (p=0.66 Mann-Whitney U-test) or corrected distance visual acuity (p=0.14) after two surgical procedures. For a 6-mm pupil, the changes in fourth-order aberrations after FLEx were statistically significantly less than those after wfg-LASIK (p<0.001). On the other hand, there were no statistically significant differences in the changes in third-order aberrations (p=0.24) and total HOAs (p=0.13). Similar results were obtained for a 4-mm pupil. The positive changes in the Q value after FLEx were statistically significantly less than those after wfg-LASIK (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity735 , FLEx induces significantly fewer ocular fourth-order aberrations than wfg-LASIK, possibly because it causes less oblation in the corneal shape, but there was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity or in the induction of third-order aberrations and total HOAs. It is suggested that FLEx is essentially equivalent to wfg-LASIK in terms of visual acuity and total @entity571 induction, although the characteristics of @entity571 induction are different.

title: Comparison of visual acuity, higher-order aberrations and corneal asphericity after refractive lenticule extraction and wavefront-guided laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate an effect of childhood and adulthood socio-economic position on selected cardiovascular risk factors including @entity28 , blood pressure level and smoking behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study performed on 479 individuals, randomly selected by random clustered sampling from @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30-50 years, living in Esfahan. Their demographic characteristics, education, occupation and smoking behavior were questioned. Their weight, height and blood pressure were also measured, and their BMI (Body Mass Index) was calculated. The data were analyzed by SPSS 19 software. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the odds ratio for ever smoking to never smoking at higher levels of education in comparison with the lower levels was 6.08 (2.65-14.11). For manual occupation to non-manual occupation, it was 3.55 (1.88-6.68). The odds ratio for @entity28 and overweight vs no overweight, for manual occupation to non-manual occupation was 3.12 (1.81-5.40) in @entity1 and for father's occupation it was 2.03 (1.10-3.74). In @entity1 , their education with the odds ratio of 2.11 (1.17-3.82) and father's occupation with the odds ratio of 6.63 (3.50-12.58) altered their chance of being @entity28 or overweight. Also, in @entity1 , the mean systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at higher educational levels and in those whose fathers' occupation were manual but lower in manual workers. CONCLUSION: The current socio-economic position in individuals is associated with an @entity28 and smoking behavior, particularly in @entity1 . Childhood socio-economic position increases the chance of an @entity28 and higher blood pressure, particularly in @entity1 .

title: Association of an XXXX , blood pressure adulthood socio-economic position.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['adult obesity']


abstract: Cell junctions are the gatekeepers of the paracellular route and defend the mucosal barrier. Several enteropathogenic bacteria can invade intestinal epithelial cells by targeting and damaging cell junctions. It is not well understood how @entity2491 is able to overcome the intestinal barrier and gain access to the circulation, nor is it understood how @entity6043 prevents the invasion of @entity2491 . Therefore, we sought to determine whether infection with @entity30929 could regulate the molecular composition of cell junctions and whether @entity6043 ssp. lactis R4 could affect this modification. Our data demonstrated that infection of Caco-2 cells with @entity2491 over 2 h resulted in a redistribution of claudin-1, ZO-1, occluding, and E-cadherin. Western blot analysis of epithelial cell lysates demonstrated that @entity2491 could decrease the expression of cell junction proteins. However, @entity6043 ssp. lactis R4 ameliorated this destruction and induced increased expression of ZO-1, occludin, and E-cadherin relative to the levels in the control group. The results of these experiments implied that @entity2491 may facilitate its uptake and distribution within the host by regulating the molecular composition of cell junctions. Furthermore, @entity6043 may prevent the adhesion and invasion of pathogenic bacteria by maintaining cell junctions and the mucosal barrier.

title: @entity6043 ssp. lactis R4 prevents XXXX -induced damage to tight junctions and adherens junctions.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['S. typhimurium', 'Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity6043 :: ('1584', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus delbrueckii', 'L. delbrueckii', 'Lactobacillus']

answer: @entity30929 :: (216597,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhimurium SL1344']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 who take @entity1499 for juvenile idiopathic @entity625 may experience side effects, including @entity1209 , leading to anticipatory @entity390 in some @entity1 , and fear of injections or blood tests. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and extent of these difficulties and their impact on quality of life. METHODS: @entity1 were mothers of @entity1 with JIA who were currently taking @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ). Mothers completed a questionnaire about @entity1500 that was developed for the study, two questions from the treatment subscale of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Rheumatology scale to assess needle-related problems and the @entity1 Health Questionnaire 50-item parent version (CHQ- @entity14483 ) to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS: 171 mothers participated in the study. More than half of @entity1 were reported to have experienced one or more of: @entity390 or @entity391 after taking @entity1500 , anticipatory @entity390 , fear of blood tests or fear of injections. There was no significant difference in reported rates of sickness or needle-related problems between @entity1500 responders (ACR70 or above), partial responders (ACR30 or ACR50) and non-responders. In multivariate analyses, variables that were significant independent predictors of one or more @entity1500 -related difficulties included younger age, taking @entity1500 subcutaneously and having a larger number of currently active joints. Feeling sick after taking @entity1500 was a significant independent predictor of poorer scores on the physical summary scale of the CHQ- @entity14483 . @entity148 about injections and feeling sick after taking @entity1500 were significant independent predictors of poorer scores on the psychosocial summary scale. CONCLUSIONS: Difficulties in taking @entity1500 are experienced by a significant proportion of @entity1 with JIA and these may have an adverse impact on HRQoL. Approaches to help minimize these difficulties are required.

title: Mothers' reports of the difficulties that their XXXX experience in taking @entity1499 for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and how these impact on quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: A 2-year-old Thoroughbred colt was referred for evaluation of @entity1143 and associated @entity1273 of the right hind limb. Conservative treatment consisting of needle aspiration and pressure bandaging had been unsuccessful. Radiography of the right tarsus revealed proliferative periosteal reaction along the distal caudal border of the sustentaculum tali and medial aspect of the calcaneus. The owners elected conservative treatment, using a local injection of corticosteroid and pressure bandaging the tarsus. Five months later, the severity of the effusion and @entity1273 had increased. Radiography revealed increased reactive bone along the sustentaculum tali and mineralization of the plantar tarsal ligament and @entity24185 . Surgical exploration revealed fibrous adhesions between the medial aspect of the @entity1795 and associated soft tissue mineralization. The adhesions were broken down and the reactive bone along the calcaneus was removed. The mineralized soft tissue within the @entity24185 was excised. Five months after surgery, the @entity1641 was sound at the trot, with only minimal @entity1143 . The response to treatment for @entity1143 and @entity1273 caused by bony changes of the sustentaculum tali is often unsatisfactory. After responding poorly to conservative treatment, the @entity1641 in this report had a favorable outcome to the surgical intervention of this condition.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with an exostosis on the calcaneus of a @entity1641 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal sheath effusion', 'effusion within the tarsal sheath']

entities_list: @entity24185 :: ('MESH:D013641', 'Disease') :: ['tarsal sheath']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus and the flexor tendon']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['tarsal sheath effusion']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity565 therapy is traditionally measured using single end-points. In contrast, the aim of therapy is to achieve overall control, defined by management guidelines as achieving a number of treatment goals. These goals reflect expert opinion, rather than being evidence based. The objective of this study was to determine whether guideline-defined @entity565 control is achievable. Eight studies of @entity10453 / @entity5023 combination therapy were analysed using three @entity565 control measures of varying stringency, derived from the guideline goals. For each measure, only @entity1 meeting all goals were classified as controlled. The analysis demonstrated that @entity565 control, as defined by management guidelines, can be achieved. For a given therapy, similar proportions of @entity1 achieved control irrespective of disease severity, suggesting that outcome expectations should not be reduced for @entity1 with more severe disease. Substantially more @entity1 achieved the target values for individual goals than achieved overall control, indicating that reliance on individual end-points is likely to result in significant overestimation of true control. The findings of this hypothesis-generating study should be prospectively tested. Future research will include a randomized controlled study designed to assess the proportion of @entity1 able to achieve overall control of @entity565 when treatment is titrated appropriately.

title: Is overall XXXX control being achieved? A hypothesis-generating study.

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of functional hemispherectomy in promoting language acquisition in a @entity1 with severe @entity10791 and continuous left @entity302 in the absence of clinical @entity410 . We report a 6-month-old @entity1 who initially presented with a right @entity1269 secondary to a lesion of probable prenatal origin in the distribution of the left middle cerebral artery. Weeks later, she developed @entity739 . At 1.5 years of age, because of intractable @entity410 , the @entity1 had fenestration of the left porencephalic cyst and anterior temporal lobectomy. The @entity410 ceased; however, language development remained limited to 35 words at 3.5 years of age. The EEG showed almost continuous @entity302 activity over the left hemisphere with no independent @entity302 potentials contralaterally. She underwent a functional left hemispherectomy. METHODS: Imaging, electroencephalographic investigation, pre- and postoperative psychological and speech assessment were carried out. RESULTS: Considerable language, speech, and behavior improvement was noted within 2 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Interictal @entity302 discharges can interfere with the development of contralateral hemispheric function in the absence of clinical @entity410 . Early functional hemispherectomy may have a role in promoting optimal language development in appropriately selected @entity1 . Although the primary indication for functional hemispherectomy is to control intractable @entity410 , a secondary proposed indication is to reduce functional impairment of the other hemisphere by electrical interference.

title: Continuous unilateral @entity302 discharge and XXXX : effect of functional hemispherectomy on language acquisition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity10791 :: ('MESH:D007805', 'Disease') :: ['language delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['hemispheric epileptiform discharge', 'epileptiform']

answer: @entity10791 :: (MESH:D007805,Disease) :: ['language delay']


abstract: Stress or @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are the most conserved proteins present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Their expression is induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults. These proteins play an essential role as molecular chaperones by assisting the correct folding of nascent and stress-accumulated misfolded proteins, and preventing their aggregation. HSPs have a dual function depending on their intracellular or extracellular location. Intracellular HSPs have a protective function. They allow the cells to survive lethal conditions. Various mechanisms have been proposed to account for the cytoprotective functions of HSPs. Several HSPs have also been demonstrated to directly interact with various components of the tightly regulated programmed cell death machinery, upstream and downstream of the mitochondrial events. On the other hand, extracellular located or membrane-bound HSPs mediate immunological functions. They can elicit an immune response modulated either by the adaptive or innate immune system. This review will focus on @entity2284 , @entity2285 , and @entity4041 . We will discuss the dual role of these HSPs, protective vs. immunogenic properties, making a special emphasis in their utility as targets in @entity5 therapy.

title: Intracellular and extracellular functions of XXXX proteins: repercussions in @entity5 therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: Uncertainty remains about the optimal anti-emetic regimen for control of delayed @entity390 and @entity391 after adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . Many @entity1 receive @entity619 but complain of @entity22 , @entity148 / @entity2146 , and indigestion. The aim was to determine if @entity1 receiving chemotherapy for @entity0 prefer treatment with @entity619 or placebo for prophylaxis against delayed @entity390 and @entity391 , and to compare quality of life (QOL) between the two treatments. In this randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial, we compared oral @entity619 (4  mg twice daily for 2  days) versus placebo for chemotherapy-na  ve @entity1 with @entity0 . All @entity1 received intravenous @entity10442 and @entity619 pre-chemotherapy and oral granisetron on day 2. Primary endpoints were: (i) @entity1 preference; (ii) difference between cycles in change of QOL from days 1 to 8. Median age of the 94 @entity1 was 51  years (range 27-76): 79 received @entity1487 / @entity1259 / @entity786 and 15 received @entity632 / @entity786 . Thirteen withdrew pre-cycle 2 with no differences between arms. Of 80 @entity1 stating a preference, 31 preferred placebo (39  %, 95  % CI: 28-50  %) and 37 (46  %, 95  % CI: 35-58  %) preferred @entity619 ; 12 had no preference. There were no differences in intensity of @entity391 , @entity390 , or time to onset of @entity391 . There was greater decrease in global QOL (p  =  0.06) when @entity1 received @entity619 . No other symptom/QOL domains differed significantly. In conclusion, no significant difference was found in @entity1 preference, QOL, or symptoms regardless of whether @entity619 or placebo was used after adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over trial of the impact on quality of life of continuing @entity619 beyond 24  h following adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10442 :: ('MESH:D017829', 'Chemical') :: ['granisetron']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the functional interactions of junctional proteins acting as regulators of vascular permeability in the @entity1 corpus luteum. We investigated the role of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 as controllers of vascular endothelial cell permeability. DESIGN: Performing immunohistochemical dual staining, we colocalized the above-mentioned proteins in the @entity1 corpus luteum. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity1 (S): Not applicable. INTERVENTION(S): Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Using a granulosa-endothelial coculture system, we revealed that @entity3566 -treatment down-regulates @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 in endothelial cells via @entity7 ( @entity7 ). RESULT(S): Furthermore, the interaction of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 was investigated by silencing these proteins that perform siRNA knockdown. Interestingly, knockdown of @entity3545 and @entity15185 induced a decrease of the respective other protein. This down-regulation was associated with changed rates of vascular permeability: @entity3566 induced a @entity7 -dependent down-regulation of @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 , which increased the endothelial permeability in the coculture system. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity3545 , nectin-2, and @entity15185 also resulted in a consecutive increase of endothelial permeability for each different protein. CONCLUSION(S): These results demonstrate for the first time that @entity3545 , nectin 2, and @entity15185 are involved in the regulation of vascular permeability in a mutually interacting manner, which indicates their prominent role for the functionality of the @entity1 corpus luteum.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotropin controls luteal vascular permeability via @entity7 by down-regulation of a cascade of adhesion proteins.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFA', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['VE-cadherin', 'vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of @entity674 ( @entity674 ). METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 29 cases with @entity674 from 2003 to 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The most common clinical manifestations were @entity490 , distention or discomfort in 16 cases (55.2%), abdominal mass in 9 (31.0%), melena and hematemesis in 5 cases (17.2%). The @entity5 was located in the stomach in 16 cases, the small intestine in 9, the colorectum in 2, the esophagus in one, and the duodenum in one case. All the cases underwent operation, included total gastrectomy in one case, subtotal gastrectomy in 8, partial gastrectomy in 4, local excision of the @entity5 in 5 cases, partial small intestine resection in 9 and right colectomy in 2 cases. The resection rate was 100% and no complication and @entity204 occurred. The positive rates of @entity2467 (+) and @entity2280 (+) were 93.1% and 51.7% respectively. After follow up from one to 2 years after operation, 2 cases died of @entity5 recurrence and @entity3 , the others survived. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical examinations of @entity2467 and @entity2280 are important diagnostic markers. Surgery is the main method of final diagnosis and treatment.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX : a report of 29 patients].

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prolonged heavy exposure to @entity835 is associated with @entity73 and brain functional and structural alterations. We recently reported attenuated mismatch negativity (MMN) and altered @entity2451 sensory gating in chronic @entity835 users. This study investigated the extent of brain functional recovery (indexed by MMN and @entity2451 ) in chronic users after cessation of use. Eighteen ex-users (median 13.5 years prior regular use; median 3.5 years abstinence) and 18 nonusers completed (1) a multifeature oddball task with duration, frequency, and intensity deviants and (2) a @entity2451 paired-click paradigm. Trend level smaller duration MMN amplitude and larger @entity2451 ratios (indicative of poorer sensory gating) were observed in ex-users compared to controls. Poorer @entity2451 gating correlated with prior duration of @entity835 use. Duration of abstinence was positively correlated with duration MMN amplitude, even after controlling for age and duration of @entity835 use. Impaired sensory gating and attenuated MMN amplitude tended to persist in ex-users after prolonged cessation of use, suggesting a lack of full recovery. An association with prolonged duration of prior @entity835 use may indicate persistent @entity835 -related alterations to @entity2451 sensory gating. Greater reductions in MMN amplitude with increasing abstinence (positive correlation) may be related to either self-medication or an accelerated aging process.

title: Mismatch Negativity and XXXX Sensory Gating in Abstinent Former Cannabis Users.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognition']

answer: @entity2451 :: (4790,Gene) :: ['P50']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity1502 , a US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug, in @entity1 with @entity2655 treated with @entity10891 . METHODS: The authors conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Four hundred @entity1 with probable or definite @entity2655 and vital capacity less than 100% were randomly assigned to treatment with placebo or 1.2 g @entity1502 daily. The primary outcome was @entity204 . Secondary outcomes were rates of deterioration of @entity2655 Functional Rating Scale-Respiratory and muscle strength. The primary intention-to-treat analysis was the survival comparison of drug vs placebo, assessed before (log-rank test) and after adjustment (Cox model) for predefined prognostic factors. RESULTS: At the end of the study, after 547 days of follow-up, 103 @entity1 (51.7%) in the @entity1502 group and 120 (59.7%) in the placebo group were alive (unadjusted risk 1.28, p = 0.107; adjusted risk 1.43, p = 0.02). In contrast, analysis of secondary outcome functional variables did not show the same negative effect of the drug. The most common adverse reactions were @entity390 , @entity1282 , and @entity1671 , all reversible after stopping the drug. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1502 is not beneficial in @entity2655 and should be avoided in @entity1 treated with @entity10891 . The discrepancy between survival and measures of functional changes urges caution in equating these end points in phase III trials, and suggests that both survival and function should be used in phase III trials.

title: XXXX in @entity2655 : a double-blind, randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline', 'pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['Pentoxifylline']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested the presence of numerous @entity2922 -containing cells in both the central ganglia and peripheral tissues of Aplysia, but they often offered conflicting or incomplete accounts of numbers, locations, and morphologies. The current study combines @entity264 -induced histofluorescence and @entity669 hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity together with confocal microscopy to provide details of these cells. Approximately 35-50 neurones in the cerebral ganglia, 4-8 neurones in the pedal ganglia, 5 neurones in the @entity14705 , and numerous small fibres in various nerve trunks exhibited both immunoreactivity and @entity264 -induced fluorescence. Approximately 20 cells in the pedal ganglia and 4 cells in the @entity14705 exhibited only immunoreactivity whereas 15-20 neurons in the cerebral ganglia exhibited only @entity264 -induced fluorescence. No somata in the pleural or abdominal ganglia exhibited @entity264 -induced fluorescence or immunoreactivity. Both @entity264 -induced histofluorescence and immunoreactivity also labelled what appeared to be two classes of @entity2922 -containing cells in the gill, siphon, oesophagus, rhinophore, tentacle, and reproductive organs. The more numerous, but smaller cells had subepithelial somata and processes penetrating the overlying body wall, thus suggesting a sensory function. Another class of neurones had larger somata, often located more deeply within the tissue, and occasionally appeared to be multipolar. Processes from these various peripheral cells appeared to comprise the major component of afferent fibres and to form an extensive peripheral plexus, often associated with various muscles. The morphologies of the peripheral cells thus suggest involvement in both local and centrally mediated reflexes and responses, but additional studies must test such hypothesised functions and determine the sensory modalities that the cells mediate.

title: XXXX -containing cells in the central nervous system and periphery of Aplysia californica.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal ganglia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the voiding diary in the management of @entity1 with @entity2336 syndrome for predicting the presence or absence of @entity854 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From November 2009 to March 2011, 54 consecutive @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) with @entity2336 syndrome, as defined by the European Society for the Study of Interstitial @entity2335 / @entity2336 (ESSIC) criteria, were prospectively enrolled in this two-centre study. All @entity1 completed a home voiding diary on 3 consecutive days, which included analysis of voiding frequency, voided volume and severity of pre- and post-voiding @entity158 . The variables were evaluated on a @entity158 ( @entity158 ). All @entity1 then underwent standardized cystoscopy under anaesthesia. @entity1 were stratified into two groups: a group with or a group without @entity854 . Voiding diary variables were compared using Student's t-test. RESULTS: @entity854 were found in 33 @entity1 . The group of @entity1 with @entity854 had significantly more severe frequency (P = 0.034), especially nocturnal frequency (P = 0.009), a significantly lower mean voiding volume and lower sd from the mean (P = 0.011 and P = 0.014), and a significantly lower mean post-voiding @entity158 score (P = 0.039). CONCLUSION: On analysis of the voiding diaries, we found that different @entity1 profiles were associated with the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder. A clinical voiding score was proposed to predict the cystoscopic appearance of the bladder on the basis of the voiding diary in @entity2336 syndrome but needs to be validated on an independent population.

title: Validation of voiding diary for stratification of @entity2336 syndrome according to the presence/absence of XXXX : a two-centre prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder Pain Syndrome', 'bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cystoscopic abnormalities', 'Cystoscopic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['NPS', 'pain', 'numeric pain scale']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['cystoscopic abnormalities']


abstract: Belgrade @entity35 have an @entity417 with hypochromia and microcytosis. @entity68 uptake into reticulocytes is approximately 20% of normal, but @entity2594 uptake is unimpaired. We have systematically compared the @entity2594 cycle in Belgrade versus normal reticulocytes to locate the defect more precisely. Belgrade @entity2594 was functionally normal as purified @entity2594 or whole plasma. @entity2594 affinity of Belgrade receptors was indistinguishable from normal, but Belgrade reticulocytes had twice as many receptors. Belgrade @entity2594 endocytosis was 1.5 times faster than normal, whereas exocytosis is about twice as fast. Initially Belgrade reticulocytes internalize @entity68 at an unimpaired rate, but they lag behind normal by 5 min. During reincubation, they release 25-33% of @entity68 taken up during a 30-min preincubation, whereas normal cells do not lose a detectable fraction. Unexpectedly, @entity2594 cycle time was unchanged. Hence another kinetic step of the cycle is slower, compensating for increases in Belgrade endocytosis and exocytosis. After one cycle, Belgrade reticulocytes retain only half of the @entity68 that entered, but over 90% of @entity68 entering normal cells remains within. @entity68 unloading is ineffective inside the Belgrade vesicle; 85% of @entity68 that entered on @entity2594 returned to the medium after exocytosis, whereas only 45% of @entity68 entering normal reticulocytes exits. Ineffective utilization of @entity68 in or near Belgrade endosomes accounts for the @entity154 .

title: XXXX and the @entity2594 cycle in Belgrade @entity35 reticulocytes.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Belgrade defect']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive anemia']

answer: @entity2594 :: (24825(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Transferrin']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: In threatened @entity3152 , maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 , after an initial course of tocolysis and corticosteroids for 48 hours, may improve perinatal outcome. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 will reduce adverse perinatal outcomes due to @entity600 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : APOSTEL-II (Assessment of Perinatal Outcome with Sustained Tocolysis in Early Labor) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed in 11 perinatal units including all tertiary centers in The Netherlands. From June 2008 to February 2010, @entity1 with threatened @entity3152 between 26 weeks (plus 0 days) and 32 weeks (plus 2 days) gestation, who had not delivered after 48 hours of tocolysis and a completed course of corticosteroids, were enrolled. Surviving @entity1 were followed up until 6 months after birth (ended August 2010). INTERVENTION: Randomization assigned 406 @entity1 to maintenance tocolysis with @entity594 orally (80 mg/d; n = 201) or placebo (n = 205) for 12 days. Assigned treatment was masked from investigators, @entity1 , clinicians, and research nurses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was a composite of adverse perinatal outcomes ( @entity14716 , @entity1030 , @entity295 , @entity548 >grade 2, @entity5719 >grade 1, or @entity3166 ). Analyses were completed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Mean (SD) gestational age at randomization was 29.2 (1.7) weeks for both groups. Adverse perinatal outcome was not significantly different between groups: 11.9% (24/201; 95% CI, 7.5%-16.4%) for @entity594 vs 13.7% (28/205; 95% CI, 9.0%-18.4%) for placebo (relative risk, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.53-1.45). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In @entity1 with threatened @entity3152 , @entity594 -maintained tocolysis did not result in a statistically significant reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes when compared with placebo. Although the lower than anticipated rate of adverse perinatal outcomes in the control group indicates that a benefit of @entity594 cannot completely be excluded, its use for maintenance tocolysis does not appear beneficial at this time. TRIAL REGISTRATION: trialregister.nl Identifier: NTR1336.

title: Effect of maintenance tocolysis with XXXX in threatened @entity3152 on perinatal outcomes: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'infants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

entities_list: @entity5719 :: ('MESH:D007969', 'Disease') :: ['periventricular leukomalacia']

entities_list: @entity14716 :: ('MESH:D066087', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal death']

answer: @entity594 :: (MESH:D009543,Chemical) :: ['nifedipine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The demonstration of @entity8491 on [(123) I]-FP-CIT SPECT imaging is a useful ancillary tool in the diagnosis of @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Whilst there is evidence of a cross-sectional relationship between the degree of @entity942 and severity of @entity2845 and @entity2003 , longitudinal studies are rare. Moreover, the relationship between motor subtypes and their dopaminergic deficient state is not well characterized. AIM: Our primary aim was to assess the correlations between @entity942 on baseline [(123) I]-FP-CIT SPECT imaging with the progression of motor severity in @entity1 classified by motor subtype, and the development of motor complications. Our secondary aim was to assess the correlation between UPDRS-III subscores and the time to onset of motor complications. METHODS: 42 @entity191 @entity1 with abnormal baseline [(123) I]-FP-CIT SPECT scans and at least 3  years of clinical follow-up were classified by motor subtype: @entity2003 , @entity400 -dominant or mixed. UPDRS-III scores at baseline and at 3-year follow-up, and time to onset of motor complications were recorded. RESULTS: [(123) I]-FP-CIT uptake ratios were inversely correlated with UPDRS-III scores at 3  years only in @entity2003 @entity1 (r=-.51, P=.04). Time to onset of motor complications was inversely correlated with UPDRS-III subscores for @entity2845 and @entity2003 at baseline (r=-.52, P=.02) and at 3  years (r=-.54, P=.01). CONCLUSION: The degree of @entity942 on baseline [(123) I]-FP-CIT SPECT inversely correlates with motor severity at 3-year follow-up in @entity2003 @entity1 only. Furthermore, UPDRS-III subscores for @entity2845 and @entity2003 at baseline show an inverse correlation with time to onset of motor complications across all @entity191 subtypes.

title: Relationship between [(123) I]-FP-CIT SPECT and clinical progression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigidity', 'akinetic-rigid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['presynaptic dopaminergic deficiency']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['dopaminergic deficiency']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A family history of @entity101 can influence the behaviour of blood pressure during ergometric stress test (EST) in normotensive subjects, so that it is also used in the assessment of risk of @entity101 . To evaluate the relationship between parental history and blood pressure values during exercise, 57 consecutive adolescents (aged 10-16 years) were studied. Out of them, 25 @entity1 have not been considered because of the presence of organic pathologies of various nature that could interfere with the pressure behaviour. All @entity1 underwent EST with a load increase of 25 W every 3 min until the maximal age-related heart rate. The @entity1 were divided in 2 groups based on the presence (PH+ 13 @entity1 , mean age 13 +/- 2 years) or on the absence (PH- 19 @entity1 , mean age 13 +/- 2 years) of parental history of @entity101 . No difference in body surface and maximum workload was observed between the 2 groups. Exercise test induced an @entity101 (SBP) both in PH- and PH+ @entity1 , but no significant differences were found in any stage of the exercise in the 2 groups. Maximum heart rate (HR) was not different in the 2 groups and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was substantially unchanged during exercise. The variation of SBP (delta SBP) between maximum stress and first, third, fifth and tenth min of the recovery phase were considered. Besides, 4 SBP indexes were deduced from the ratio of SBP values at the first, third, fifth and tenth min of the recovery by the SBP value at the acme of stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The stress test in adolescents with and without a family history of arterial XXXX : the prognostic role of a systolic arterial pressure index].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'increase in systolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is an @entity74 , the most common lethal @entity74 in Caucasians. @entity1576 is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Indeed, 95% of @entity1577 @entity1 die of @entity1576 . @entity796 , an opportunistic pathogen, chronically infects the lungs of over 85% of @entity1577 @entity1 . It is ineradicable by antibiotics and responsible for airway mucus overproduction that contributes to @entity1224 and @entity204 . The molecular mechanisms underlying this pathology are unknown. Here we show that @entity796 activates a c-Src-Ras-MEK1/2-MAPK-pp90rsk signaling pathway that leads to activation of nuclear factor NF-kappaB (p65/p50). Activated NF-kappaB binds to a kappaB site in the 5'-flanking region of the MUC2 gene and activates MUC2 mucin transcription. These studies bring new insight into bacterial-epithelial interactions and more specifically into the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1577 . Understanding these signaling and gene regulatory mechanisms opens up new therapeutic targets for @entity1577 .

title: Activation of NF-kappaB via a Src-dependent Ras-MAPK-pp90rsk pathway is required for XXXX -induced mucin overproduction in epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease', 'autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: CONTEXT: The antibiotic susceptibility is the cornerstone for the eradication therapies of @entity1534 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of primary resistance of @entity1534 was evaluated in an urban Brazilian population. METHODS: @entity1534 isolates were obtained from @entity1 submitted to an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for the evaluation of @entity1109 . Biopsies from antrum, corpus and fundus were taken to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of @entity1534 isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration of @entity15183 and @entity1535 were routinely determined by agar dilution method and the minimal inhibitory for @entity115 , @entity4581 , @entity803 , @entity800 , and @entity868 were routinely determined with the E-test. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 were included. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity1534 strains were obtained from 39 @entity1 . Resistance to @entity868 was detected in 20 @entity1 (51%), to @entity4581 in 3 @entity1 (8%), to @entity800 in 9 @entity1 (23%) and to @entity1535 in 2 @entity1 (5%). There was no observed resistance to @entity115 , @entity803 or @entity15183 . CONCLUSION: Due to the low @entity115 and @entity4581 resistance observed in this study, therapies using these antimicrobials remain appropriated first-line @entity1534 therapy.

title: @entity1534 @entity1534 antibiotic resistance in Brazil: XXXX is still a good option.

entities_list: @entity15183 :: ('MESH:D005664', 'Chemical') :: ['furazolidone']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['dyspeptic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['clarithromycin']


abstract: The @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ) including scrapie have been attributed to an infectious protein or prion. Infectivity is allied to conversion of the endogenous nucleic-acid-binding protein @entity7676 to an infectious modified form known as @entity7676 (sc). The protein-only theory does not easily explain the enigmatic properties of the agent including strain variation. It was previously suggested that a short nucleic acid, perhaps host-encoded, might contribute to the pathoetiology of the @entity1579 . No candidate host molecules that might explain transmission of strain differences have yet been put forward. Differential display is a robust technique for detecting nucleic acid differences between two populations. We applied this technique to total nucleic acid preparations from @entity281 and control brain. Independent RNA preparations from eight normal and eight @entity281 (strain 263K) hamster brains were randomly amplified and visualized in parallel. Though the nucleic acid patterns were generally identical in @entity281 versus control brain, some rare bands were differentially displayed. Molecular species consistently overrepresented (or underrepresented) in all eight infected brain samples versus all eight controls were excised from the display, sequenced, and assembled into contigs. Only seven ros contigs (RNAs over- or underrepresented in scrapie) emerged, representing <4 kb from the transcriptome. All contained highly stable regions of secondary structure. The most abundant scrapie-only ros sequence was homologous to a repetitive transposable element (LINE; long interspersed nuclear element). Other ros sequences identified cellular @entity46673 , visinin-like protein-1, and three highly specific subregions of ribosomal RNA (ros1-3). The ribosomal ros sequences accurately corresponded to LINE; retrotransposon insertion sites in ribosomal DNA (p<0.01). These differential motifs implicate specific host RNAs in the pathoetiology of the @entity1579 .

title: Differential display detects host nucleic acid motifs altered in XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['scrapie-infected']

entities_list: @entity46673 :: ('1213', 'Gene') :: ['RNA 7SL, clathrin heavy chain']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['TSEs', 'transmissible spongiform encephalopathies']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['scrapie-infected']


abstract: Fifty-four @entity7414 -positive stool samples, obtained from @entity1 aged less than three years during a longitudinal (December 1982 to March 1986) study in Bel  m, Brazil, were re-examined. The samples were tested by reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction to determine their G-type and P-type specificity. Only 17 (32%) of these rotavirus strains could be successfully G- and P-genotyped. While 10 (59%) of the 17 strains showed single G- and P-type specificity, the remaining belonged to single G- and mixed P-genotypes. Rotavirus strains P[8], G1 and P[4], G1 predominated, accounting for 29% and 18% of the typed strains respectively. Mixed @entity281 caused by rotaviruses classified as P[8] + P[4], G1 were identified in 23% of cases. All but 3 of the 54 rotavirus strains displayed long genomic profiles, as demonstrated by the analysis of RNA by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Most (70%) rotavirus strains with single G- and P-type specificity were detected during the first year of life, whereas 5 (71%) of the seven @entity325 occurred throughout the second or third year of age. Reinfections were noted in two @entity1 , both of them being infected with P[8] + P[4], G1 rotavirus strains when aged 20 months. The high proportion of untypeable rotavirus strains suggests that unusual types may be circulating in Bel  m. In addition, the occurrence of @entity325 in our region indicates the potential for reassortment between different rotavirus genogroups. Monitoring of these rotavirus strains may have important implication in the context of future strategies of rotavirus vaccination in Brazil.

title: Rotavirus G and P types in XXXX from Bel  m, northern Brazil, as determined by RT-PCR: occurrence of mixed @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['P-type infections']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed P-type infections']

entities_list: @entity7414 :: ('28875', 'Species') :: ['group A rotavirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: This study investigated the effects of the bull, sperm type (dead, immotile or motile) and sperm pretreatment (i.e. mechanical (tail-cutting or tail-scoring) or chemical (heparin, heparin + @entity5834 , @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 or @entity3902 )) on male pronuclear formation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in @entity291 . Three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, spermatozoa from three bulls (A, B and C) were used for both ICSI and @entity52 ( @entity52 ). The results were that sperm from bull B yielded a higher penetration/male pronuclear formation rate than that of bull C when used for @entity52 (89.6% v 25.6%, P<0.01). However, when injected into oocytes by ICSI, sperm from bull C had a higher male pronuclear formation rate than that of bull B (34.6% v. 16.1%, P<0.05). The effects of sperm type and mechanical pretreatment were examined in Experiment 2. No significant difference was found in the male pronuclear formation rate when the three types of sperm were injected into oocytes. Tail-scored sperm achieved a higher male pronuclear rate than that of non-mechanically treated ones (38.2% v. 13.2%, P<0.005). In Experiment 3, chemical pretreatments were tested and compared. Higher male pronuclear rates, compared with the control, were obtained when sperm were pretreated with heparin + @entity5834 , @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 and @entity3902 (48.2%, 62.5% and 64.5% v. 25.0%, P<0.05, 0.005 and 0.005, respectively). These results indicate that (1) there is a bull variation in male pronuclear formation with ICSI, and the male pronuclear rate by ICSI is not coincident with the results by @entity52 , (2) immobilization of a spermatozoon by tail-scoring before ICSI can improve the formation of the male pronucleus, and (3) an appropriate chemical pretreatment of spermatozoa is necessary to achieve a higher rate of male pronuclear formation.

title: Effects of bull, sperm type and sperm pretreatment on male pronuclear formation after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3902 :: ('MESH:D004229', 'Chemical') :: ['dithiothreitol']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevation of cardiac troponin has been documented in multiple settings without @entity1187 . However, its impact on long-term cardiac outcomes in the context of @entity6 remains to be explored. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 872 @entity1 admitted to Temple University Hospital from 2004-2009 with DKA or @entity11339 . @entity1 were included if they had @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) measured within 24 hours of hospital admission, had no evidence of @entity1187 and had a follow up period of at least 18 months. Of the 264 @entity1 who met the criteria, we reviewed the baseline @entity1 characteristics, admission labs, EKGs and major adverse cardiovascular events during the follow up period. @entity1 were categorized into two groups with normal and elevated levels of cardiac enzymes. The composite end point of the study was the occurrence of a major cardiovascular event (MACE) during the follow up period and was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of 264 @entity1 , 24 @entity1 were found to have elevated @entity6949 . Compared to @entity1 with normal cardiac enzymes, there was a significant increase in incidence of MACE in @entity1 with elevated @entity6949 . In a regression analysis, which included prior history of CAD, HTN and @entity454 , the only variable that independently predicted MACE was an elevation in @entity6949 (p   =   0.044). @entity1 with elevated CK-MB had increased lengths of hospitalization compared to the other group (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity6949 in @entity1 admitted with decompensated @entity6 and without evidence of @entity1187 , strongly correlate with a later major cardiovascular event. Thus, elevated troponin I during @entity209 identify a group of @entity1 at an increased risk for poor long-term outcomes. Whether these @entity1 may benefit from early detection, risk stratification and preventive interventions remains to be investigated.

title: Clinical significance of troponin elevations in XXXX without clinical @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensated diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['acute decompensated diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity359 is a rare @entity5 that occurs in the liver and other organs. We provide data on eight cases of @entity99 , regarding clinical presentations, diagnoses, management, and prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of the eight @entity1 with @entity99 treated at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Taipei between October 1988 and October 1999. RESULTS: Eight female @entity1 with @entity99 were identified, with ages ranging from 30 to 66 years (mean, 45.3 years). @entity490 was the most common symptom, occurring in six of eight @entity1 (75%). @entity157 was the most common preoperative diagnosis, occurring in three of eight @entity1 (37.5%). Laparotomy was performed in seven of eight @entity1 (87.5%). Among these seven @entity1 , three @entity1 (43%) received hepatic resection with 100% cure rate to date. One of the eight @entity1 (12.5%) was closely follow up after diagnosis made by echo-guided needle biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity99 is a rare and benign entity. It has a wide variation and poses a diagnostic challenge clinically, radiologically, and pathologically. Its prognosis is good regardless of management, including hepatic resection or conservative treatment after tissue biopsy by echo-guided needle. To alleviate the mass effect, surgical resection may be needed for @entity99 in selected cases.

title: XXXX of the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['Angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic angiomyolipoma', 'Hepatic angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['Angiomyolipoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite studies showing increased survival rates for @entity1 after surgical resection of hepatic metastases, recurrences occur in 75% of treated @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to determine the location and time of discovery of recurrent @entity5 on CT scans after resection of hepatic metastases from @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a 6-year period, 32 @entity1 (16 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) who had undergone partial hepatic resection for colorectal metastases had follow-up CT at our institution. A total of 125 CT examinations of the chest and abdomen were retrospectively reviewed for the presence and location of recurrent disease. Recurrence was either confirmed by biopsy (n = 12) or presumed on the basis of growth of new lesions (n = 17). RESULTS: With a mean follow-up of 22 months (range, 1-60 months), recurrence was found at 29 sites in 25 @entity1 . Thirteen sites were hepatic, and 16 were extrahepatic. Three @entity1 had both hepatic and @entity358 . Recurrence within the liver was away from surgical margins in 11 (85%) of 13 @entity1 at 14 +/- 7 months and adjacent to a surgical margin in the remaining two @entity1 (15%) at 17 +/- 1 months. @entity6687 were discovered in the lung in 11 (69%) of 16 @entity1 at 21 +/- 12 months; in an adrenal gland in two @entity1 (13%) at 19 +/- 5 months; in lymph nodes of the porta hepatis in one @entity1 (6%) at 11 months; at the primary @entity694 in one @entity1 (6%) at 3 months; and in a retroperitoneal lymph node in the remaining @entity1 (6%) at 12 months. CONCLUSION: Surgery was effective in treating the preoperatively detected hepatic metastases. Only two of 25 @entity1 had recurrence related to a hepatic surgical margin. Most recurrences occur more than 1 year after surgery, most often in lung or liver away from surgical margins, and they probably represent small metastases undetectable with current preoperative or intraoperative techniques.

title: Recurrent @entity5 after resection of hepatic metastases from XXXX : location and time of discovery as determined by CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['Extrahepatic recurrences']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic anastomosis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity91 compromises the cranial vault volume, severely impede growth, and may lead to @entity428 ( @entity428 ). Posterior cranial vault ( @entity1485 ) distraction osteogenesis (DO) offers an excellent treatment opportunity for this condition. This article intends to describe the outcomes of @entity1485 DO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine males and seven female @entity1 indicated for @entity1485 DO were included in the study. The single vector distraction devices with quick-disconnect distraction rods, a type of miniaturized hardware, was used in all cases. RESULT: Seven of the 16 @entity1 had a history of one or more prior cranioplasty. All reoperations in this series were performed for the indication of @entity428 including five of the @entity91 @entity1 and the syndromic @entity1 . Clinical signs of @entity428 were present in all @entity1 with either measured raised @entity428 or those with clinical signs of @entity428 preoperatively. There was substantial decrease in the @entity428 postoperatively. DISCUSSION: The outcomes of this study were encouraging. Placing the distractor stems as flat as possible against the outer layer of the cranial bone seems to be a very important maneuver. This keeps the distractor stem less proud and less likely to sustain future @entity130 . Removal of the distractor stems keeps the devices further away from the risk of later traumatic dislodgement. Moreover, miniaturized distractors allow precise control of the rate and the amount of distraction.

title: Experience with XXXX treatment using posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'increased intracranial pressure', 'intracranial pressure', 'raised ICP']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Craniosynostosis', 'scaphocephaly']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: Cartilage tissue engineering, with in vitro expansion of autologus chondrocytes, is a promising technique for tissue regeneration and is a new potential strategy to prevent and/or treat @entity16 (e.g., @entity571 ). The aim of this study was (i) to investigate and compare the effects of new biotechnological chondroitin (BC) and a commercial extractive @entity12006 (CS) on @entity1 chondrocytes in vitro culture; (ii) to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of the innovative BC compared to extractive CS. A chondrogenic cell population was isolated from @entity1 nasoseptal cartilage and in vitro cultures were studied through time-lapse video microscopy (TLVM), immunohistochemical staining and cytometry. In order to investigate the effect of BC and CS on phenotype maintainance, chondrogenic gene expression of aggrecan (AGN), of the transcriptor factor @entity1935 , of the types I and II collagen ( @entity13239 and @entity4173 ), were quantified through transcriptional and protein evaluation at increasing cultivation time and passages. In addition to resemble the @entity571 -like in vitro model, chondrocytes were treated with @entity1356 and the anti-inflammatory activity of BC and CS was assessed using cytokines quantification by multiplex array. BC significantly enhances cell proliferation also preserving chondrocyte phenotype increasing type II collagen expression up to 10 days of treatment and reduces inflammatory response in @entity1356 treated chondrocytes respect to CS treated cells. Our results, taken together, suggest that this new BC is of foremost importance in translational medicine because it can be applied in novel scaffolds and pharmaceutical preparations aiming at cartilage pathology treatments such as the @entity571 . J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2158-2169, 2016.    2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Biotechnological Chondroitin a Novel Glycosamminoglycan With Remarkable Biological Function on XXXX Primary Chondrocytes.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The study compares the importance of tilt-table testing and Schellong's test for the diagnosis of @entity1163 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a prospective clinical trial 100 consecutive @entity1 (45 males, 55 females) were included. The index symptom for inclusion was a former @entity1163 or @entity1163 in the @entity1 ' history. The tilt-table testing procedure was performed according to a modified version of the Westminster protocol. Following this procedure, Schellong's test was performed in 83 of the @entity1 . RESULTS: During tilt-table testing 34 @entity1 suffered from @entity20833 with @entity1163 . 29 of these symptomatic @entity1 also underwent Schellong's test. However, only four @entity1 showed a borderline positive finding, whereas a clearly positive result was seen in six @entity1 . These @entity1 had shown @entity20833 with @entity1163 during tilt-table testing. No @entity1 suffered from a @entity1163 or @entity1163 during Schellong's test. CONCLUSION: Schellong's test is suitable as a diagnostic procedure for @entity20833 only, and tilt-table testing is highly superior for objectification of the diagnosis and differentiation of @entity1163 .

title: [Importance of tilt-table testing compared with Schellong's test for the diagnosis of XXXX / @entity1163 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity20833 :: ('MESH:D007024', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic dysautonomies', 'orthostatic dysautonomy', 'orthostatic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['syncopes', 'syncope', 'presyncope', 'syncope or neuro-cardiogenic syncope']

answer: @entity20833 :: (MESH:D007024,Disease) :: ['orthostatic dysregulations']


abstract: Emulsified lipid was infused steadily into the upper small intestine of unanaesthetised @entity95 for 6 h and 24 h periods. Lymph was collected from a thoracic duct cannula, the output of infused lipids was measured and the lymph chylomicrons were isolated. Recovery of infused @entity1674 was 63 +/- 6.4% and recovery of infused radioactive @entity165 was 24 +/- 4.2% during a 24 h period. There was considerable dilution of radioactive exogenous @entity165 with endogenous @entity165 . Provided that absorption was well-established most exogenous lipid was present in the lymph in the form of chylomicrons, and there was a close relationship between lipid content of the lymph and the presence of chylomicrons. During absorption of fats of differing @entity844 composition chylomicrons remained the predominant transport form in the lymph. Chylomicrons obtained during absorption of several fats have been analysed in detail. The protein, phospholipid, free and esterified @entity165 content of these chylomicrons varies within narrow limits. The @entity844 composition of chylomicron @entity1674 reflects the type of fat in the test meal but the composition of chylomicron phospholipids and @entity8557 shows clear discrimination. During absorption of coconut oil there is a strong negative discrimination towards lauric acid both for @entity8557 and for phospholipids.

title: Chylomicron formation and composition in unanaesthetised XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Receptors for the neuropeptide @entity1943 (SS) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo in various @entity1 lymphatic tissues, ie, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes; thymic carcinoids and @entity704 were also tested. The receptors were measured in vitro using receptor autoradiography on tissue sections incubated with the SS analog @entity11033 or 125I-[Leu8,D-Trp22,Tyr25]-SS-28. All tissues were SS-receptor positive for either radioligand, except the @entity704 . In thymic tissue, the receptors were diffusely located in the medulla, presumably on epithelial cells. In the spleen, the red pulp was strongly labeled. In the lymph nodes, the germinal centers were preferentially labeled. In all tissues, the receptors were of high affinity (kd thymus, 0.84 nmol/L; kd spleen, 1.6 nmol/L; kd lymph node, 0.62 nmol/L) and specific for SS. Displacement by nanomolar concentrations of SS-14, SS-28, and octreotide was observed, as was @entity3007 dependency. The in vivo visualization of @entity1943 receptors was performed after injection of 111In- @entity12306 -octreotide and gamma-camera scintigraphy. The spleen, but not thymus or lymph nodes, were visualized. These data suggest an important role for SS in regulating immune functions through SS receptors in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. Furthermore, SS may regulate neuroendocrine functions in the thymus.

title: In vitro autoradiographic and in vivo scintigraphic localization of XXXX receptors in @entity1 lymphatic tissue.

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the aetiology and outcome of @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) presenting to an @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and to assess the value of an initial investigation protocol. DESIGN: A 12 month prospective study of @entity1 under 1 year of age who presented to a @entity1 's hospital @entity341 after an @entity7027 . A standardised history sheet and initial investigation protocol were used. All @entity1 were admitted to hospital and followed up at six months. RESULTS: There were 65 @entity1 recruited, median age 7 weeks. None had died at the time of writing. Diagnoses included gastro-oesophageal reflux n=17 (26%), @entity5695 , n=6 (9%), @entity410 , n=6 (9%), @entity293 (5), @entity13593 (2), @entity1313 , @entity591 , persistent ductus arteriosus and opioid related apnoea. No diagnosis was reached in 15 cases (23%). Fifty seven (88%) had only one admission to hospital for @entity7027 . More serious diagnoses were associated with a presentation age over 2 months, abnormal initial clinical examination, and recurrent @entity7027 . CONCLUSIONS: ALTEs presenting to the @entity341 may remain as a single, unexplained event or be attributable to numerous causes, ranging from minor to serious. Knowledge of the commoner causes and factors associated with higher risk could result in a more targeted approach, improving the decision making process and benefiting both @entity1 and parents.

title: Apparent life threatening events in @entity1 presenting to an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['apparent life threatening events', 'ALTE']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity13593 :: ('MESH:D005162', 'Disease') :: ['factitious illness']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: @entity455 are the first cause of mortality within the occidental world. In Spain, they represent 35.5% within the total of deceases. @entity455 , jointly with @entity6 Nephropaty, are the first cause of inclusion of @entity1 in dialysis. In precocious stages of @entity8 , and as a consequence of the inflammatory condition generated already exists @entity1504 . But its prevention is difficult, because habitually GFR is evaluated by means of plasmatic creatinin rate impeding the suitable detection of @entity8 prevailing. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevailing of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and its association with conventional @entity455 ( @entity455 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The epidemiologic study was made in a randomly selected population elder than 18 years. GFR was calculated using Cockcroft-Gault and MDRD methods, and the results were correlated with @entity455 . RESULTS: The studied population mean age is 50.49 +/- 16.28 years, @entity101 prevailing is 31.5%, @entity6 : 7.5%, @entity28 : 21.9%, dislip  nic: 35.62%, @entity417 : 1.4%. IV degree IRCO rate (GFR: 15-30 ml/min) is 0.7 (MDRD) with 69.43 +/- 12.58 years of age, and 1.5% (C-G) with 76.25 +/- 10.64 years of age. GFR, independently on the method used in its calculation, is significantly correlated with @entity823 (< 0.0001), pulse pressure (< 0.0001), Hb (0.0001), @entity28 (< 0.0001), Total @entity165 (< 0.0001), @entity1674 (< 0.0018), @entity6599 (< 0.0001), c-LDL (< 0.0001) e hiperuricemic (< 0.0001). GFR disparity depends on the equation used. It could be explained because C-G overestimate by "weigh" and it has higher deviation in lower renal function values. Whereas, using MDRD equation there is an overestimation by "age" and it has lower variability. CONCLUSIONS: In an aged population, the prevailing of @entity740 and the rate of @entity455 are high conferring high vascular risk. It will be necessary to adopt intervention measures in order to avoid @entity8 progress and its high morbid-mortality.

title: [Occult @entity740 ( XXXX ), and cardiovascular risk factors. Epidemiologic study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VRF', 'Vascular diseases', 'vascular risk factors']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['OCKD', 'Occult Chronic Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['OCKD']


abstract: Paired @entity1 donor corneas (age, 73 +/- 12 yr), preserved in organ culture medium, were used to evaluate the effect of @entity1 epidermal growth factor ( @entity4179 ) on endothelial wound closure rate (WCR), on morphometric parameters (cell size, shape, and density), and on cell division in the wound area. The endothelium of the corneas was mechanically wounded (area, 4.9 +/- 0.9 mm2). For each pair, one @entity267 was treated with 10 ng/ml @entity4179 , while the mate served as control. WCR was assessed by daily staining of the corneas with @entity3460 . Morphometric data were obtained after alizarin staining. Mitotic activity was assessed using @entity665 autoradiography. Addition of @entity4179 significantly increased the WCR compared to the control group. In the closed wound (between 4-9 d), the mean cell size in the center averaged 1940 microns2 in the control group and 1287 microns2 in the @entity4179 -treated group (P less than 0.01). Fifteen days after wounding, the mean cell sizes averaged 1910 microns2 and 1427 microns2 in the control and @entity4179 -treated group, respectively (P less than 0.01). All corneas exposed to @entity4179 had higher endothelial cell densities than the control corneas. In the early stages of wound closure, the cells in the transitional zone in @entity4179 -treated corneas had a somewhat more elongated shape. However, @entity4179 did not affect the final cell shape within the closed wound. Autoradiographic results revealed that @entity4179 accelerated DNA-synthesis, although only to a limited extent. The results indicate that, in @entity1 corneas, @entity4179 promotes endothelial wound healing predominantly by cell migration, at least in corneas from senior donors.

title: Effects of @entity1 epidermal growth factor on endothelial wound healing of XXXX corneas.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity143 receptor antagonists produce region-specific @entity179 by an undetermined mechanism, but one proposed mechanism involves disinhibition. In certain areas of the brain, @entity143 receptors mediate excitatory drive onto inhibitory interneurons. Thus, @entity143 receptor/channel antagonists may reduce inhibition (i.e., produce "disinhibition"). If a sufficient level of disinhibition is produced, enhanced vulnerability to excitotoxicity may result. Furthermore, if there are region-specific differences in @entity143 antagonist-induced disinhibition, this could underlie region-specific @entity143 antagonist-induced @entity2359 . In the present study, we tested this hypothesis by exposing @entity35 brain slices to the @entity143 receptor antagonist @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and measuring @entity3390 -induced disinhibition in areas of higher and lower vulnerability to @entity179 [posterior cingulate/retrosplenial cortices (PCC/RSC) and parietal cortex, respectively]. Using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, @entity1027 -sensitive GABA(A) receptor-mediated IPSCs were measured in @entity18663 -labeled pyramidal neurons in the PCC/RSC and parietal cortex. In the PCC/RSC, bath-applied @entity3390 (10-40 microm) produced disinhibition, shown as a concentration-dependent decrease in spontaneous IPSC frequency and amplitude; @entity3390 (40 microm) also reduced evoked IPSC amplitudes. In parietal cortex, @entity3390 produced significantly less disinhibition. To determine whether disinhibition is caused by presynaptic or postsynaptic mechanisms, we tested the effects of @entity3390 (40 microm) against miniature IPSC (mIPSC) frequency and amplitude in @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ; 0.5 microm)-treated slices and found that @entity3390 did not alter mIPSC frequency or amplitude. Taken together, these results suggest that @entity143 receptors regulate activity of inhibitory interneurons and, consequently, @entity1246 release in certain cortical areas. This region-specific reduction in inhibitory input to pyramidal cells could underlie the region-specific @entity2359 of @entity143 antagonists.

title: XXXX receptor antagonists disinhibit @entity35 posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices: a potential mechanism of @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity18663 :: ('CHEBI:27870', 'Chemical') :: ['biocytin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity3390 :: ('MESH:D016291', 'Chemical') :: ['dizocilpine maleate', 'MK-801']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']