abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the effects of a @entity6221 ( @entity8981 )-rich diet on serum @entity26156 , @entity650 and insulin levels among overweight @entity1 . DESIGN: In this randomized cross-over clinical trial, 17 premenopausal overweight @entity1 were included. @entity1 were randomly assigned to consume either a hypocaloric, @entity1718 ( @entity10194 )-rich diet (16% @entity10194 and 8% @entity8981 ) or a hypocaloric, @entity8981 -rich diet (16% @entity8981 and 8% @entity10194 ) for 12 weeks crossing over after a 2-week washout period. Percentages of energy from other macronutrients were similar between the two diets. Biochemical and anthropometric assessments were done at the first and at the end of each period. Statistical analyses were done using paired t-test. In all statistical analysis, p < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: The @entity1 's mean body mass index was 27.6 kg/m  . Mean percentages of @entity8981 intake were 13% during @entity8981 -rich diet and 7% during @entity10194 -rich diet. The corresponding values for @entity10194 intake were 8.5% and 14%, respectively. We failed to find any significant differences between two intervention diets in terms of their effect on the serum levels of @entity650 , @entity26156 and insulin. However, serum @entity26156 and @entity650 levels increased during the @entity10194 -rich diet (0.4    0.4 ng/ml and 0.19    0.3 pg/ml, respectively) and decreased during the @entity8981 -rich diet (-0.7    0.5 ng/ml and -0.17    0.3 pg/ml, respectively). In spite of a slight reduction in both periods, changes in serum insulin levels did not reach significant levels comparing the two periods. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings did not support any significant effect of a @entity8981 -rich intake on serum @entity650 and insulin levels as compared with a @entity10194 -rich diet; however, it has the potential to favourably affect serum @entity26156 levels.

title: Effect of substituting saturated with @entity6221 on serum @entity26156 levels and insulin resistance in overweight XXXX : a randomized cross-over clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The relationship between muscarinic autoinhibition and the inhibitory effect of @entity1286 on @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) release was investigated in a longitudinal muscle with myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparation of @entity840 ileum. @entity1286 (10 microM) inhibited spontaneous and evoked @entity1617 release by electrical field stimulation (EFS) at 1 Hz but not at 10 Hz. @entity3897 (1 microM) did not affect the resting @entity1617 release, but it significantly increased EFS-evoked release, suggesting activation of muscarinic autoreceptors by @entity1617 released during EFS. Only when the autoinhibition was weakened by @entity3897 , @entity1286 exhibited an inhibitory effect on the EFS-evoked release at 10 Hz. @entity10257 (300 microM) inhibited the EFS-evoked release at 1 Hz but not 10 Hz, suggesting that muscarinic autoreceptors are partially or almost fully activated at 1 or 10 Hz stimulation, respectively. After @entity10257 treatment, @entity1286 did not exhibit its inhibitory effect on the EFS-evoked release at 1 Hz. @entity1510 (1 microM) increased spontaneous and EFS-evoked @entity1617 release at 1 Hz but not at 10 Hz. Following treatment with @entity3897 , @entity1510 also increased @entity1617 release at 10-Hz stimulation. These results suggest that @entity1286 and an endogenous opioid inhibit @entity1617 release from LMMP preparations when muscarinic autoinhibition mechanism does not fully work. This inhibitory effect of @entity1286 is discussed in relation to the @entity460 sensitivity of the preparations in @entity1617 release.

title: Relationship between muscarinic autoinhibition and the inhibitory effect of @entity1286 on XXXX release from myenteric plexus of @entity840 ileum.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol', 'Bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['acetylcholine']


abstract: Prolactin (PRL) exerts a short-loop negative feedback effect on hypothalamic neurons which control its secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. The purpose of this study was to identify the location of hypothalamic neurons which respond to acute PRL exposure. Increasing evidence indicates that excitation of neurons often results in the rapid transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs). In the present study, quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH) was used to visualize the induction of mRNAs for four different IEGs: @entity11970 (NGF1-A), @entity27803 (NGF1-B), @entity5019 and c-jun. Three groups of male @entity35 were compared: unmanipulated controls, @entity35 injected s.c. with 2.4 mg ovine PRL (oPRL) suspended in @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ), and @entity12468 -injected controls. Animals were decapitated 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 4 h following injection. In all @entity35 , the four probes labeled cells within the cortex, particularly the cingulate and piriform cortices, the hippocampus and the striatum. In the arcuate nucleus, there was a modest increase in the average number of cells/animal which expressed @entity11970 mRNA following the injection of @entity12468 and oPRL at all times studied. The average area of grains/cell representing @entity11970 message also increased following the injection stimulus. The number of neurons expressing @entity27803 mRNA was greater in PRL-treated @entity35 compared with @entity12468 -treated controls 0.5 and 1 h following injection. @entity27803 -labeled neurons were co-extensive with the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. The data suggest that cells located within the arcuate nucleus are involved in mediating PRL autofeedback on the brain.

title: Effects of prolactin on expression of the mRNAs encoding the immediate early genes @entity11970 (NGF1-A), XXXX (NGF1-B), @entity5019 and c-jun in the hypothalamus.

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

answer: @entity27803 :: (79240(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['nur/77']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are the most common @entity5 of the digestive tract. The pathological diagnosis is based on microscopy and immunohistochemistiy. AIM: To review the experience of our surgical unit in @entity1 with @entity674 MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of 15 @entity1 (aged 66+/-13 years, 11 @entity1 ), with a pathological diagnosis of @entity674 , treated between 1999 and 2005. RESULTS: The main presenting symptoms were @entity476 in 40%, hematemesis in 20%, @entity490 in 60% and @entity417 in 13%. In only one @entity1 , the @entity5 appeared as an incidentaloma. All @entity1 underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy A CAT scan was done in 87%, a barium swallow in 60% and a digestive endosonography in 20%. Thirteen @entity5 were located in the stomach and two in the small bowel. Mean @entity5 diameter was 5.3+/-1.7 cm. Surgical management was a @entity5 resection in 40%, a partial gastrectomy in 27%, a total gastrectomy in 20% and an intestinal excision in the rest. Mean hospital stay was 6.9+/-4.2 days. No @entity260 were recorded. CONCLUSIONS: The main clinical presentation of @entity674 in this retrospective series was an upper @entity360 . Surgical treatment was devoid of complications.

title: [ XXXX . Review of 15 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymatous tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST', 'Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity1352 of the @entity1143 is exceptionally rare and may be confused, both clinically and histologically, with @entity3620 , with subsequent inappropriate therapy. To address this dilemma, four biphasic @entity1352 (BSSs) and four biphasic @entity3620 (BMMs) were studied with a panel of @entity3558 and immunohistochemical stains to determine if they would allow one to distinguish between the two. The BMMs were all pleural-based. The BSSs were extrapleural. The @entity3558 and immunohistochemical stains were all performed on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue using standard techniques, with appropriate positive and negative controls. @entity3558 present in BSS is, in general, mucicarmine-positive and resistant to both hyaluronidase and diastase. Of the immune markers evaluated, only calretinin, Ber-Ep4 and @entity588 were of limited discriminatory value. Subsets of cytokeratins, @entity787 and @entity2280 were not helpful. With the exception of @entity588 , the apoptotic markers @entity876 , @entity589 and @entity522 (caspase) also were not useful. However, when the apoptotic stains were viewed collectively, variations in expression between the two @entity5 raised the possibility that alterations in apoptotic activity might be responsible for their pathogenesis and behavior. The diagnosis of BSS or BMM of the pleural should be made only after total consideration of clinical, radiological, histochemical and immunohistochemical findings. Although @entity3558 stains are useful in differential diagnosis, reliance solely on immunohistochemical markers, with the possible exception of calretinin, Ber-Ep4 and @entity588 , is not dependable. The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of these @entity5 needs to be explored with a much larger series.

title: @entity1352 and XXXX : review, differential diagnosis and possible role of apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcomas', 'Synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma of the pleura']


abstract: @entity729 is increased in the presence of @entity731 . However, there is great variability in the @entity730 of individual coronary stenoses, and the clinical significance of this finding remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that culprit lesions associated with @entity583 or @entity1459 are less calcified than are stenoses associated with @entity5749 . The study consisted of 78 @entity1 who underwent intravascular ultrasound imaging of culprit stenoses after the placement of a stent. Seventeen @entity1 presented with @entity5749 ; 43, with @entity1459 ; and 18, with @entity583 . The extent of coronary @entity730 was measured by the angle of its arc and was quantified with a computer-based protractor. The arc of @entity460 was measured in the stented area at the point of maximal @entity730 and also as an average of the @entity730 found at proximal, middle, and distal stent segments. The maximal arc of @entity460 decreased progressively from @entity1 with @entity5749 (91+/-10 degrees ) to those with @entity1459 (59+/-8 degrees ) and to those with @entity583 (49+/-11 degrees, P=0.014). Similarly, the average arc of @entity460 was greatest (32+/-7 degrees ) in @entity1 with @entity5749 , less (15+/-4 degrees ) in @entity1 with @entity1459 , and least (10+/-5 degrees ) in @entity1 with @entity583 (P=0.014). These associations remained significant after adjustment for other factors that potentially affect arterial @entity730 . @entity1187 are associated with a relative lack of @entity460 in the culprit stenoses compared with stenoses of @entity1 with @entity5749 . These findings have implications for the understanding of the biology of @entity1187 as well as for the identification of coronary stenoses by methods that rely solely on the presence of @entity460 .

title: Relationship of clinical presentation and XXXX of culprit coronary artery stenoses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes', 'Acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: Most bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens use total body irradiation as one component. Recently, however, two non-total body irradiation containing autologous bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens have been evaluated in @entity1 with @entity706 . The first regimen consisted of @entity3600 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ; some @entity1 also received involved-field radiotherapy to sites of prior disease. Of the 79 @entity1 with relapsed or @entity706 who participated in this study, 57 (72%) achieved a complete remission and 40 (51%) remain in complete remission. Treatment-related @entity204 occurred in five @entity1 (6%). The second preparative regimen evaluated consisted of @entity1863 , @entity2879 , and @entity786 and included 21 @entity1 with @entity978 , @entity1893 , or @entity981 . Sixteen @entity1 (76%) achieved complete remission and 12 (57%) remain disease free. The regimen-related mortality rate in this study was 14%. The three treatment-related @entity204 were all due to @entity358 . The results of these clinical trials indicate that both the @entity3600 / @entity2879 / @entity900 regimen and the @entity1863 / @entity2879 / @entity786 regimen are effective in treating @entity706 . Treatment-related @entity137 and @entity204 are significant, but not prohibitive. Accordingly, these new preparative regimens deserve further evaluation in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity706 or @entity1778 .

title: Comparison of preparative transplantation regimens using @entity3600 / @entity2879 / @entity900 or XXXX / @entity2879 / @entity786 in @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['refractory lymphoma', 'lymphoma', 'lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['busulfan']


abstract: Reirradiation is a major therapeutic modality for @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity135 . Due to normal tissue tolerances, reirradiation using conventional techniques has a narrow therapeutic ratio in the regional recurrence of @entity189 ( @entity189 ). Pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy (PRDR), which delivers a series of 0.2 Gy pulses separated by 3 min intervals, is a new reirradiation technique. @entity135 cells have high levels of @entity470 expression and cetuximab shows a clear benefit to locally advanced @entity135 . We report a 56-year-old male with a recurrent lesion of @entity189 in the neck following initial radical radiochemotherapy. The @entity1 was retreated with PRDR and concurrent cetuximab. The total dose of PRDR was 70 Gy, using 35 daily fractions of 2.0 Gy. The recurrent lesion of this @entity1 had a complete response with no apparent radiation-induced normal tissue complications. This is the first study concerning PRDR combined with cetuximab for the treatment of recurrent @entity135 following radiotherapy. The outcome of this @entity1 reveals that treatment with PRDR and concurrent cetuximab is a promising therapeutic option for @entity1 with recurrent @entity135 following radiotherapy.

title: Use of cetuximab in combination with pulsed reduced dose-rate radiotherapy in a @entity1 with recurrence of XXXX in the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma', 'Head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery usually requires a @entity516 by insufflating the abdominal cavity with @entity544 ( @entity515 ). Increased intraabdominal pressure causes @entity2914 resulting in compressed lung areas, which leads to formation of @entity891 , especially during mechanical ventilation. Application of positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ) can maintain @entity358 . The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal gas insufflation on arterial oxygenation during mechanical ventilation with and without @entity9239 in @entity35 . METHODS: In experiment 1, two groups of six @entity35 were continuously insufflated with @entity515 at 12 mmHg for 180 min. Group 1 was ventilated with 8 cm @entity2507 @entity9239 and group 2 had 0 cm @entity2507 @entity9239 . Group 3 served as a control. This group had abdominal wall lifting and was ventilated with 0 cm @entity2507 @entity9239 . In experiment 2, two groups of six @entity35 had abdominal @entity515 insufflation and were ventilated with or without @entity9239 during 180 min (group 4 and 5). In this experiment, abdomens were desufflated in both groups for 5 min at 60 and 120 min. Blood pressure monitoring and measurement of arterial @entity4095 was performed by placement of an indwelling carotid artery catheter in both experiments. RESULTS: In both experiments, paO2 values decreased significantly in insufflation groups that were ventilated with 0 cm @entity2507 @entity9239 (groups 2 and 5). Insufflation groups ventilated with 8 cm @entity2507 @entity9239 had paO2 values comparable to these of control group. There were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure between insufflation groups ventilated with or without @entity9239 . CONCLUSION: @entity9239 preserves arterial oxygenation during prolonged @entity516 in @entity35 with minimal adverse hemodynamic effects.

title: Mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure preserves arterial oxygenation during prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragmatic displacement']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary gas exchange']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: @entity1204 , the fourth most common @entity5 in @entity1 , is primarily a disease afflicting postmenopausal @entity1 and usually presents with @entity3556 or vaginal discharge. A slender, athletic 44-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1204 after presenting with an isolated, solitary femoral bone @entity3 . She had no symptoms except for progressive @entity158 . An open biopsy of the lesion in the proximal left femur revealed @entity420 compatible with an endometrial primary. An endometrial biopsy subsequently revealed moderately differentiated @entity4348 . The @entity1 underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and adjuvant chemotherapy. An aggressive metastatic workup revealed no other sites of metastatic disease. The femoral @entity3 was treated with radiation. On chronic @entity1871 therapy, the @entity1 is clinically free of disease 2 years following diagnosis. @entity1 with @entity1204 (with otherwise early stage disease) who present with an isolated @entity75 may represent an unusual group with perhaps a better prognosis. This @entity1 received aggressive multi-disciplinary therapy and has had a two year progression-free interval.

title: @entity1204 presenting with an isolated osseous XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'Endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['left knee pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hypothesis that the efficacy of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for @entity392 ( @entity392 ) and @entity148 depends on the longitudinal pattern of the @entity1 ' symptoms. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care, multidisciplinary, balance center. @entity1 : Eighty-eight consecutive @entity1 treated with an SSRI for @entity392 and @entity148 between 1998 and 2003. All @entity1 were referred for evaluation of unremitting @entity1296 . They entered SSRI treatment after comprehensive neurotologic and psychiatric evaluations revealed a syndrome of @entity392 with accompanying @entity148 . @entity1 were separated into 3 groups according to their longitudinal patterns of illness: (1) otogenic, defined as primary neurotologic conditions triggering secondary @entity148 ; (2) psychogenic, defined as @entity148 alone causing @entity1296 ; and (3) interactive, defined neurotologic conditions exacerbating preexisting @entity148 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with @entity392 were treated with an SSRI according to an established protocol for at least 8 weeks or until they proved intolerant to medication. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in @entity1296 and @entity148 as measured by the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale. RESULTS: @entity1 with the otogenic and psychogenic patterns of illness had a more complete response to SSRI treatment than did @entity1 in the interactive group (P<.01). Rates of SSRI intolerance were similar for all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors are effective for @entity1 with @entity392 and @entity148 . However, @entity1 with clinically significant @entity148 predating @entity221 may require more intensive interventions.

title: @entity1296 and XXXX : effect of @entity221 on treatment outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'chronic subjective dizziness']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neurotologic illness']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiation @entity602 is a serious late @entity137 after radiotherapy (RT) of metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC). The risk of @entity602 depends on the equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions (EQD2). Many radiation oncologists are concerned about spinal Re-RT, because it may result in a high cumulative EQD2. This study investigates effectiveness and feasibility of Re-RT for in-field recurrence of MSCC. @entity1 AND METHODS: 74 @entity1 , irradiated between 01/1995 and 12/2003 for MSCC, were reirradiated for in-field recurrence of MSCC (Table 1). Primary RT was performed with 1 x 8 Gy (n = 34), 5 x 4 Gy (n = 28), 10 x 3 Gy (n = 4), 15 x 2.5 Gy (n = 4), or 20 x 2 Gy (n = 4). Recurrence occurred after median 6 months (2-40 months). Re-RT was performed with 1 x 8 Gy (n = 35), 5 x 3 Gy (n = 16), 5 x 4 Gy (n = 13), 10 x 2 Gy (n = 4), 12 x 2 Gy (n = 3), or 17 x 1.8 Gy (n = 3). Cumulative EQD2 (alpha/beta = 2 Gy) was 39-40 Gy (n = 21), 49-50 Gy (n = 41), 56-60 Gy (n = 6), or > 60 Gy (n = 6). Follow-up after Re-RT was median 9 months (2-52 months). RESULTS: Re-RT led to an improvement of motor function in 29/74 @entity1 (39%; Figures 1 to 3). On multivariate analysis, outcome was significantly influenced by type of @entity5 (p = 0.013) and by the time of developing motor deficits before Re-RT (p = 0.037), but not by radiation schedule (p = 0.560), by ambulatory status before Re-RT (p = 0.471), by cumulative EQD2 (p = 0.795), nor by the interval between primary RT and Re-RT (p = 0.420; Table 2). Radiation @entity602 was not observed in the whole series. CONCLUSION: Re-RT is an effective treatment for an in-field recurrence of MSCC. After a cumulative EQD2 < or = 50 Gy, radiation @entity602 appears unlikely.

title: [Effectiveness and @entity137 of reirradiation (Re-RT) for metastatic XXXX (MSCC)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) is a rare, aggressive @entity5 that is often detected in an advanced stage. Medical treatment with the adrenotoxic drug @entity8449 has been used for decades, but critical prospective trials on its role in @entity66 or as an adjuvant agent after surgical resection are still lacking. The concept of a critical threshold plasma level of the drug must be confirmed in controlled studies. Because individual responsiveness cannot be predicted, the use @entity8449 is still advised for nonresectable disease. In case of @entity701 or other @entity134 overproduction, several drugs (e.g., @entity3102 or @entity6239 ) may be used. Chemotherapy with single agents (e.g., @entity632 or @entity900 ) have been disappointing, with low response rates (< 30%) and a short response duration. Part of this refractoriness may be explained by the fact that @entity16663 express the multidrug-resistance gene @entity1262 . Chemotherapy with multiple agents has been tested in smaller series and has resulted in significant side effects. The best results were achieved by the combination of @entity2879 , @entity632 , and @entity900 associated with @entity8449 , achieving a response rate of 54%, including individual complete responses. To be able to make progress in treating advanced @entity1636 , adjuvant multicenter trials must be encouraged. When @entity8449 -based therapies are used, monitored drug levels are mandatory.

title: Cytotoxic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity8449 :: ('MESH:D008939', 'Chemical') :: ['mitotane']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical carcinoma', 'ACC', 'ACC disease']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to implement and assess a fast-screening, three-dimensional Fourier transformation (3DFT) MR sequence for the cervical spine. This sequence maintains adequate signal-to-noise and image contrast similar to gradient-recalled echo two-dimensional Fourier transformation (2DFT) imaging. Thirty @entity1 with @entity614 were examined with 3DFT gradient-recalled echo imaging. The data set consisted of 60 contiguous 1.5- to 2.0-mm-thick axial slices with a total coverage of 9 to 12 cm. In 10 @entity1 , comparison was made with 4-mm-thick axial T1-weighted spin-echo 2DFT or gradient-recalled echo 2DFT studies. With the use of a volume acquisition, adequate signal-to-noise and image contrast similar to T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo 2DFT acquisitions were obtainable. Coverage was improved despite the use of thinner sections without interslice gap. Thin-section 3DFT provided superior detail of acquired foraminal and spinal canal @entity850 and disk morphology. Limitations included increased sensitivity to @entity1 motion and "wraparound" artifact in the slice-select direction. Overall, diagnostic confidence was improved with 3DFT owing to the reduction of partial volume artifact. We have adopted this technique as the primary screening method for diagnosing @entity614 .

title: Three-dimensional gradient-recalled MR imaging as a screening tool for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity614 :: (MESH:D011843,Disease) :: ['cervical radiculopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the interaction of @entity36978 and @entity3841 Y4 with peripheral @entity1503 neutrophils taken from @entity1 with @entity146 @entity2521 and @entity7278 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Peripheral @entity1503 neutrophils obtained from 12 @entity1 with @entity7278 , six @entity1 with @entity146 @entity2521 and 12 healthy controls were exposed to @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans following opsonization of the bacteria using the @entity1 's own serum. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels against both periodontopathogens were measured. Phagocytosis and killing of the bacteria, as well as the extracellular @entity1 neutrophil elastase activity, were quantified. The total amount and the extracellular release of reactive @entity26 species were measured using @entity6931 -dependent and @entity20026 -dependent chemiluminescence. RESULTS: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from @entity1 with chronic (62.16 +/- 19.39%) and @entity146 (43.26 +/- 26.63%) @entity2521 phagocytosed more @entity2523 than the healthy controls (24.43 +/- 19.87%) at the 30-min time point after exposure to the bacteria (p < 0.05). High serum IgG levels against @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in subjects with @entity2521 . Polymorphonuclear neutrophils from subjects with chronic and @entity146 @entity2521 released significantly more reactive @entity26 species and demonstrated greater @entity1 neutrophil elastase activity in the absence of any stimulus than polymorphonuclear neutrophils from healthy controls (p < 0.05). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in @entity7278 released significantly more reactive @entity26 species when exposed to @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans than polymorphonuclear neutrophils in @entity146 @entity2521 . CONCLUSION: High serum IgG levels against @entity2523 and A. actinomycetemcomitans promote phagocytosis in @entity2521 . The extracellular release of reactive @entity26 species and neutrophil elastase by polymorphonuclear neutrophils may also contribute to damage of the surrounding periodontal tissues.

title: Neutrophils in chronic and @entity146 XXXX in interaction with @entity2523 and @entity3841 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity20026 :: ('MESH:C032487', 'Chemical') :: ['isoluminol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood polymorphonuclear']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['P. gingivalis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity36978 :: ('431947', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Thyroid cysts and @entity9007 , or @entity548 , are quite frequent thyroid pathologies. Surgical theraphy has always been the treatment of choice in this pathology, but percutaneous @entity1068 injection ( @entity8681 ) is becoming still more common. @entity8681 was originally used in the treatment of liver nodules and subsequently in solid, hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules, but today it is used exclusively in cysts. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity8681 in reducing @entity8426 and 84 months after treatment and to compare cost-benefit to that of surgical treatment. The study includes 110 consecutive @entity1 , who all underwent @entity8681 after cytological analysis had excluded the presence of @entity5 . All @entity1 had refused surgical treatment. One @entity1 died during the follow-up due to @entity1779 . Each @entity1 received an average of 5.3      2.7 @entity8681 treatments. After 12 months, volume was reduced by 82.6% and after 84 months by 93.03%. @entity7364 occurred in 2 cases of which one resolved spontaneously and one received @entity821 therapy. The cost of @entity8681 treatment is considerably lower than the cost of surgical therapy (the cost saving in our @entity1 population was about    200,000). @entity8681 should therefore be preferred to surgical treatment due to its efficacy and lower cost.

title: A 7-year follow-up of @entity1 with @entity8426 and @entity9007 treated with percutaneous XXXX injection: volume change and cost analysis.

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cysts']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cyst volume 12']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: Farm-related @entity130 occurs in more than 25,000 @entity1 per year with almost 300 @entity1 dying from these preventable @entity130 . The incidence of associated farm-machinery @entity130 and fatalities is increasing at an alarming rate with the majority occurring in young @entity1 during the summer months. Between 1979-1985, 234 @entity1 with @entity130 were admitted to our Pediatric Surgery Service. Seven of these, six @entity1 and one @entity1 , age ranges from 2-15 years were treated for severe farm-related @entity130 . Modified injury severity score was calculated with an average score of 31.5 (range 9-66). Four @entity1 sustained or required amputation of a major extremity(ies) as a result of the injury. Two @entity1 had @entity174 with associated neurologic or @entity3511 . One @entity1 exsanguinated from massive @entity409 . Five of the six surviving @entity1 are disabled to varying degrees because of their @entity130 . This report provides support for the establishment of federal safety standards for farm-related equipment. Guidelines for prevention are outlined. We believe that the @entity1 physician is obliged to encourage education programs in farming communities on safety measures and further should endorse the application for farms.

title: XXXX : the role of the physician in prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['multiple long bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lacerations']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Childhood farm injury']


abstract: SUMMARY: In the previous and the current guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council (ERC), endotracheal intubation (ETI), as an instrument for ventilation during resuscitation, was confirmed as less important for paramedics not trained in this method. For those, during resuscitation, the laryngeal tube is recommended by the ERC as a supraglottic airway device. The present study investigated prospectively the use of the laryngeal tube disposable (LT-D) by paramedics in prehospital emergency cases. METHODS: During a 42-month period (Sept 2008-Feb 2012), we prospectively registered all prehospital @entity1167 situations in which the LT-D had been applied by paramedics (from one emergency medical service in Germany). RESULTS: During the defined period, 133 attempts, recorded on standardised data sheets, were enrolled into the investigation. Three were excluded from the study because of use during a @entity130 situation. Therefore, 130 @entity1 were evaluated in this study. For this, the LT-D was used in 98% of all cases during resuscitation, and in about 2% of other emergencies (eg, @entity130 ). With regard to resuscitation, adequate ventilation/oxygenation was described as possible in 83% of all included cases. In 66% of all cases, no problems concerning the insertion of the LT-D were described by the paramedics. No significant problems were reported in 93%. In 7% (n=9 cases), no insertion of the LT-D was possible. Instead of bag-mask-valve ventilation, the LT-D was used as a first-line airway device in about 66%. Between the two defined groups, no statistically significant differences were found (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As an alternative airway device during resuscitation, recommended by the ERC in 2005 and 2010, the LT-D may enable ventilation rapidly and, as in most of our described cases, effectively. Additionally, by using the LT-D in a case of @entity1167 , a reduced 'hands-off time' and, therefore, a high chest compression rate may be possible. Our investigation showed that the LT-D was often used as an alternative to bag-mask-ventilation and to ETI as well. However, we were able to describe more problems in the use of the LT-D than earlier investigations. Therefore, in future, more studies concerning the use of alternative airway devices in comparison with ETI and/or video-laryngoscopy seem to be necessary.

title: The use of the laryngeal tube disposable by paramedics during out-of-hospital XXXX : a prospectively observational study (2008-2012).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] is an endogenous, heptapeptide hormone with anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether Ang-(1-7) effectively reduces @entity263 @entity3 in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity11620 @entity263 cells were injected into the aortic arch via the carotid artery of @entity915 @entity19 pre-treated with Ang-(1-7) or injected into the tibia of athymic @entity19 , administered Ang-(1-7) for 5 weeks beginning 2 weeks post-injection. Tumor growth and volume were determined by bioluminescent and magnetic resonance imaging. The presence of @entity5 was confirmed by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining; TRAP histochemistry was used to identify @entity690 . The effect of Ang-(1-7) on osteoclastogenesis was assessed in differentiated @entity236 . RESULTS: Pre-treatment with Ang-(1-7) prevented @entity3 formation following intra-aortic injection of @entity11620 cells, while 83% of untreated @entity19 developed @entity5 in metastatic sites. Circulating @entity1611 was significantly higher in control @entity19 compared to @entity19 administered Ang-(1-7). A 5-week regimen of the heptapeptide hormone attenuated intra-tibial @entity5 growth; Ang-(1-7) was significantly higher in the tibia of treated @entity19 than in control animals. Osteoclastogenesis was reduced by 50% in @entity236 differentiated in the presence of Ang-(1-7), suggesting that the heptapeptide hormone prevents the formation of @entity690 to reduce @entity5 survival in the bone microenvironment. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Ang-(1-7) may serve as an anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic agent for advanced @entity263 . By extension, the heptapeptide hormone may provide effective therapy for bone @entity3 produced from @entity5 of the lung and breast.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates XXXX and reduces osteoclastogenesis.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow cells']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['metastatic prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The relationship was investigated between coronary flow reserve and Doppler echocardiographic parameters, hemodynamic parameters and plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations in the @entity1184 heart. METHODS: The subjects were 19 @entity1 with @entity1184 heart due to various etiologies and no significant @entity3979 . All @entity1 were in sinus rhythm. The left ventricular wall thickness, the E/A ratio in transmitral flow velocity pattern and the Doppler index were determined by Doppler echocardiography, and the plasma atrial and brain natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured. At cardiac catheterization, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were measured, and the coronary flow reserve was obtained by injecting intracoronary @entity855 into the left anterior descending artery using a Doppler guidewire. RESULTS: Coronary flow reserve in the @entity1 was significantly lower than in 11 normal control subjects (2.50 +/- 0.76 vs 3.90 +/- 0.64, p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between coronary flow reserve and the left ventricular wall thickness or the E/A ratio. The mean value of the Doppler index in the @entity1 was 0.48 +/- 0.10 and there was a significant negative correlation between coronary flow reserve and the Doppler index (r = -0.73, p < 0.001). The correlation between coronary flow reserve and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was not significant, but there was a significant negative correlation between coronary flow reserve and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = -0.64, p < 0.01). There were significant negative correlations between coronary flow reserve and atrial (r = -0.62, p < 0.01), or brain natriuretic peptide concentrations (r = -0.56, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Coronary flow reserve may reflect overall cardiac performance evaluated by the Doppler index and plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations in the @entity1184 heart, and the measurement of coronary flow reserve may be useful for evaluating disease severity in @entity1 with @entity1184 heart.

title: [Clinical significance of coronary flow reserve in XXXX heart: comparison with Doppler index, hemodynamics and plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophied']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The anticoagulant @entity3926 has no reversal agent and may cause life-threatening @entity548 in @entity1 with @entity130 or closed-space @entity548 . Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is thought to create a lipid compartment in serum that sequesters lipophilic drugs. @entity3926 is lipophilic, and its anticoagulant effects are concentration dependent. The study objective was to determine if ILE therapy reverses @entity3926 's anticoagulant effects. METHODS: Twenty @entity35 were selected at random, 10 in the ILE group and 10 in a normal saline (NS) control group. Animals had a baseline tail @entity548 time (T0), followed by oral @entity3926 administration (15  mg/kg). At 45  minutes (T45), a second tail bleed time measurement was performed, followed by a 7-minute infusion of 15  mL/kg ILE or NS. A final 60-minute (T60) bleed time measurement was obtained. An ILE-only group of five animals had @entity548 times assessed prior to (T0) and 15  minutes after (T15) ILE therapy. A mixed-effect repeated-measures analysis of variance modeling the effect of time, group, and the interaction of group and time on bleed times was conducted. RESULTS: There was a significant within-subject change in @entity548 time across the assessment points (F(2,36)  =  33; p  <  0.001), but there were no effect of group (F(1,18)  =  1.42, p  =  0.25) or an interaction between group and assessment point on mean @entity548 time (F(2,36)  =  0.59, p  =  56). Between T0 and T45, average @entity548 times increased from 109.5  seconds (95% confidence interval [CI]  =  94 to 125  seconds) to 231.8  seconds (95% CI  =  193 to 271  seconds; p  <  0.0001) for both the ILE group and the NS control group. Between T45 and T60, @entity548 times in the ILE group decreased by 31.5  seconds (95% CI  =  -77 to 14  seconds) and by 6  seconds (95% CI  =  -67 to 55  seconds) in the NS group (p  =  0.46). In the five ILE-only animals, the average @entity548 time at T0 was 114  seconds (95% CI  =  62 to 166  seconds), which increased significantly at T15 to 237  seconds (95% CI  =  161 to 313  seconds; p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The anticoagulant effects of @entity3926 are not reversed with ILE therapy. Although ILE itself significantly prolonged @entity548 times, when administered to @entity3926 -anticoagulated @entity35 , @entity548 times did not change significantly. There may be a complex interaction of ILE with @entity3926 that this study was not able to elucidate.

title: Intravenous lipid emulsion does not reverse @entity3926 -induced anticoagulation in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cholangiographic features and prevalence of bile duct leaks in liver transplant recipients and correlate the different types of leaks with clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 6 years, 3,242 cholangiograms were obtained in 1,363 liver allografts in 1,306 @entity1 . All cholangiograms with definite or suspected bile duct leaks, per the radiology reports, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Leaks were diagnosed in 59 allografts in 59 @entity1 . The prevalence of leaks after liver transplantation, as depicted on cholangiograms, was 4.3% (59 of 1,363 grafts). Sixteen of 21 @entity1 with @entity834 needed 17 surgical repairs, four leaks were surgically drained without repair, and one was treated with percutaneous biliary catheter drainage. Twelve of 21 @entity1 with T-tube exit-site leaks underwent T-tube drainage. Seven underwent surgical repair or drainage, one died, and one underwent retransplantation. Nine of 13 @entity1 with leaks from @entity1157 required retransplantation. CONCLUSION: Bile duct leaks at biliary anastomoses and those resulting from @entity1157 have high morbidity, mortality, and graft loss rates and usually require surgical intervention. Most T-tube exit-site leaks heal with conservative treatment.

title: XXXX after hepatic transplantation: cholangiographic features, prevalence, and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct necrosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile leak']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Psychological factors are known to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of @entity2956 . Since there have been very few studies on this issue in Asian countries, the study was aimed to investigate the relationship between various stressful life events and @entity2956 in @entity1 seeking free treatment in a Dental Hospital, Bangladesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five hundred and twenty Bangladeshi adults (370 males and 150 females; mean age, 30.9 +/- 8.2 years) participated in this study. The subjects were given a questionnaire to evaluate their stress status in the last 12 months. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for @entity9321 ( @entity20683 / @entity9321 ) was used as @entity9321 diagnostic system by three standardized examiners. Two hundred and thirty-six @entity1 were @entity20683 / @entity9321 -defined @entity9321 -positive and were subsequently classified into 7 groups: group I, @entity158 only; group II, disk displacement only; group III, joint @entity158 only; group IV, @entity158 and disc displacement; group V, @entity158 and joint @entity158 ; group VI, disc displacement and joint @entity158 ; and group VII, @entity158 , disk displacement and joint @entity158 . Two hundred and eighty-four subjects were @entity20683 / @entity9321 -defined @entity9321 -negative subjects (controls). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity1 diagnosed with @entity158 (group I) and a combination of myofacial and joint @entity158 (group V) had significantly higher levels of financial and job stress than did the controls. Self-health-related stress and stress related to a spouse or deaths of a relative were also identified as predisposing factors for @entity158 (group I). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that @entity158 is more common in individuals with various types of @entity1642 . When treating @entity1 with @entity158 , dentists should consider the possible presence of psychological factors.

title: Association between experience of stressful life events and muscle-related @entity2956 in XXXX seeking free treatment in a dental hospital.

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain', 'myofacial pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goal-directed therapy has been used for severe @entity295 and @entity326 in the intensive care unit. This approach involves adjustments of cardiac preload, afterload, and contractility to balance @entity26 delivery with @entity26 demand. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of early goal-directed therapy before admission to the intensive care unit. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity1 who arrived at an urban emergency department with severe @entity295 or @entity326 to receive either six hours of early goal-directed therapy or standard therapy (as a control) before admission to the intensive care unit. Clinicians who subsequently assumed the care of the @entity1 were blinded to the treatment assignment. In-hospital mortality (the primary efficacy outcome), end points with respect to resuscitation, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores were obtained serially for 72 hours and compared between the study groups. RESULTS: Of the 263 enrolled @entity1 , 130 were randomly assigned to early goal-directed therapy and 133 to standard therapy; there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to base-line characteristics. In-hospital mortality was 30.5 percent in the group assigned to early goal-directed therapy, as compared with 46.5 percent in the group assigned to standard therapy (P = 0.009). During the interval from 7 to 72 hours, the @entity1 assigned to early goal-directed therapy had a significantly higher mean (+/-SD) central venous @entity26 saturation (70.4+/-10.7 percent vs. 65.3+/-11.4 percent), a lower @entity880 concentration (3.0+/-4.4 vs. 3.9+/-4.4 mmol per liter), a lower base deficit (2.0+/-6.6 vs. 5.1+/-6.7 mmol per liter), and a higher pH (7.40+/-0.12 vs. 7.36+/-0.12) than the @entity1 assigned to standard therapy (P < or = 0.02 for all comparisons). During the same period, mean APACHE II scores were significantly lower, indicating less severe @entity881 , in the @entity1 assigned to early goal-directed therapy than in those assigned to standard therapy (13.0+/-6.3 vs. 15.9+/-6.4, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Early goal-directed therapy provides significant benefits with respect to outcome in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and @entity326 .

title: Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe @entity295 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Laminar @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) induces cytosolic acidification and protects endothelial cells (ECs) from apoptosis. Our prior studies showed that acidification protects ECs from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis by a mechanism directly involving @entity14029 -receptor activation. Aim of the present study was to determine whether the anti-apoptotic action of @entity1642 involves acidification-dependent @entity14029 activation. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity14029 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher (5 and 8 fold, respectively) in ECs exposed to @entity1642 (12 dyne/cm2), compared to static culture (ST). This effect was dependent on the presence of @entity3157 ion and blocked by the anion exchangers inhibitors, DIDS and SITS. Moreover, @entity18850 markedly inhibited the anti-apoptotic action of @entity1642 . Notably, after 5 min of @entity1642 exposure, @entity14029 -receptor was @entity669 -phosphorylated. The over-expression in @entity1 ECs of an @entity14029 -receptor soluble form completely reverted the anti-apoptotic @entity1642 effect. Since laminar @entity1642 exerts its effects through the activation of integrin-dependent pathways, we examined whether @entity14029 might be associated with the alphavbeta3 integrin complex known to be activated by @entity1642 . Co-immunoprecipitation experiments indicate that 5 min of ECs exposure to @entity1642 induced @entity14029 -receptor/beta3-integrin complex formation, suggesting their functional association. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity14029 receptor activation modulates laminar @entity1642 anti-apoptotic effects possibly through its association with specific integrin-complexes.

title: @entity14029 receptor activation mediates laminar shear stress anti-apoptotic effects in XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Shear Stress']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: This study was conducted to determine the optimal monthly subcutaneous dose of canakinumab (a human monoclonal anti-human @entity1356 antibody) needed to improve @entity413 control in @entity2449 -treated @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This was a parallel-group, randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study designed to assess the effect on HbA(1c) and the safety/tolerability of four monthly doses of canakinumab (5, 15, 50, or 150 mg) as an add-on to @entity2449 over 4 months. RESULTS: @entity1 (n=551; mean age 54.1 years; mean baseline HbA(1c) 7.4%) were randomized and treated in a double-blind fashion to canakinumab 5 mg (n=93), 15 mg (n=95), 50 mg (n=92), 150 mg (n=92) or placebo (n=179) monthly. There was no dose response detected between active canakinumab doses, but all doses numerically lowered HbA(1c) (primary endpoint) from baseline between 0.19% and 0.31% (placebo-unadjusted), with maximal effect noted in the 50mg dose of canakinumab (-0.18% difference vs placebo; multiplicity-adjusted, P=0.13902) as reported earlier (Ridker et al., 2012). No other glycaemic control parameters (FPG, fasting insulin, plasma @entity413 AUC(0-4h), 2-h PPG, peak @entity413 , C-peptide AUC(0-4h), peak C-peptide, insulin AUC(0-4h), peak insulin, ISR(0-2h), HOMA-b and HOMA-IR) showed any meaningful changes by canakinumab therapy. Canakinumab treatment was safe and well tolerated. There were no relevant differences in adverse events between the canakinumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: A 4-month course of monthly canakinumab (50 mg) produced a numerical reduction of HbA(1c) in @entity6 @entity1 on @entity2449 , potentially by improving beta-cell function. The safety and tolerability profile of canakinumab was consistent with prior trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registry: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov, Registration No.: NCT00900146.

title: Impact of @entity1356 antibody (canakinumab) on glycaemic indicators in @entity1 with XXXX : results of secondary endpoints from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity463 multiforme (GBM) @entity5 , which have been established as 'de novo' @entity5 , are known to differ from their adult counterparts in terms of biology, genetics and ultimately survival of @entity1 . In order to evaluate the utility of markers of @entity5 biology for refining prognostic assessment, we retrospectively analyzed 54 pediatric GBMs (age range 9 months to 15 years) occurring at different anatomical sites in the brain, operated at our institute between 1995 and 2001. The expression of @entity876 , @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity588 and @entity995 proteins ( @entity996 ) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the results were compared with the clinical profile, @entity1758 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity1 survival. @entity876 immunoreactivity was noted in 53.7% of cases, predominantly in thalamic (75%) and cerebral lobar (62.2%), followed by @entity5 (30%). It was absent in @entity17692 . @entity876 -positive @entity5 had a higher @entity1758 @entity894 , compared to @entity876 -negative @entity5 (p=0.003). @entity470 and @entity588 overexpression was observed in 25.9% and 33.3% of cases, respectively, and loss of @entity996 expression was evident in only 7.4% of cases, indicating that loss of this gene function is not significantly involved in pediatric GBMs. @entity876 and @entity588 expression were maximally noted in @entity1 with poorer outcome. Our results indicate that @entity876 expression status is noted in a significant number of pediatric supratentorial @entity5 . @entity876 with @entity588 overexpression is more often associated with ominous prognosis. Further molecular characterization would provide newer insights into the biology of these @entity5 and form a basis for future therapeutic decision making.

title: Expression of @entity876 , @entity470 , @entity996 and @entity588 proteins in @entity463 multiforme: a study of 54 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumors']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'brainstem tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity39 and apoptosis have been initially identified as two exclusive pathways for cell @entity204 . In acute @entity75 , such as focal @entity63 , this binary scheme is challenged by demonstrations of mixed morphological and biochemical characteristics of both apoptosis and @entity39 in single cells. The resulting difficulty in defining the nature of cell @entity204 that is triggered by severe insults has dramatically impeded the development of therapeutic strategies. We show that in the early stages of @entity385 , neurons of the so-called " @entity39 " core display a number of morphological, physiological, and biochemical features of early apoptosis, which include cytoplasmic and nuclear condensations and specific caspase activation cascades. Early activation cascades involve the @entity204 receptor pathway linked to @entity8186 and the @entity9302 pathway. They are not associated with alterations of mitochondrial respiration or activation of @entity8187 . In contrast, pathways that are activated during the secondary expansion of the lesion in the penumbral area include @entity8187 . In agreement with its downstream position in both mitochondria-dependent and -independent pathways, activation of @entity522 displays a biphasic time course. We suggest that apoptosis is the first commitment to @entity204 after @entity2806 and that the final morphological features observed results from abortion of the process because of severe energy depletion in the core. In contrast, energy-dependent caspase activation cascades are observed in the penumbra in which apoptosis can fully develop because of residual blood supply.

title: Specific caspase pathways are activated in the two stages of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['cerebral infarction']


abstract: A 37 year-old female underwent open heart surgery for a left @entity4615 . The post-operative course was uneventful and she was discharged two weeks later. She had regular monthly follow-up in the outpatient department until 10 months postoperatively when she was readmitted to the orthopedic ward for excision of a left @entity5 . Two days after admission, she developed severe orthopnea. The initial diagnosis was @entity712 , and she was transferred to the medical ward for treatment. Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a recurrent left @entity5 . Because of @entity697 of her condition, she underwent emergent open heart surgery. The recurrent @entity5 was excised; histopathologic examination revealed a @entity242 . @entity5 were found on this admission, including a mass in the neck and in the left forearm; computed tomography revealed a @entity1313 in the @entity75 and a @entity5 . She died two months later. Recurrent @entity299 with multiple distant @entity3 may have a malignant potential. Because of the potential for @entity5 recurrence, long-term and regular follow-up is mandatory.

title: Recurrent @entity299 with multiple distant XXXX and malignant change.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute obstruction of the mitral valve and deterioration']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ankle tumor', 'chest wall tumor', 'atrial tumor', 'Multiple tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left posterior frontal lobe']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe a Pearson-type technique and evaluate its results for postintubation @entity5142 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 underwent a partial cricoidectomy with @entity298 , and 5 underwent simultaneous repair of a @entity4501 as well. Twenty-four (53%) @entity1 were referred to us after initial conservative (n = 21) or operative (n = 3) management. There were 27 cuff lesions, 7 stomal lesions, and 11 at both levels. The upper limit of the @entity850 was 1.5 cm (range, 1-2.5 cm) below the cords, and the subglottic diameter was reduced by 60% in 38 (84%) of the @entity1 . The length of airway resection ranged from 2 to 6 cm (median, 3 cm). Despite 23 thyrohyoid or suprahyoid releases, 8 anastomoses were under tension. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (82%) @entity1 were extubated after the operation (n = 30) or within 24 hours (n = 7). Six @entity1 required postoperative airway stenting (median, 5.5 days). Early (<30 days) complications occurred in 18 (41%) @entity1 , mainly as transient @entity1224 , @entity1173 , and @entity1282 . One (2%) @entity1 died of @entity583 . Late morbidities were 2 failures occurring as bilateral recurrent nerve @entity912 and restenosis requiring definitive tracheostomy. @entity1 had excellent or good anatomic (n = 42 [96%]), functional (n = 41 [93%]), or both types of long-lasting results, with no stenotic relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Partial cricoidectomy with @entity298 can be applied in @entity1 with postintubation @entity850 extending up to 1 cm below the cords and measuring up to 6 cm in length with excellent-to-good definitive results. The association with a @entity4501 does not contraindicate surgical repair.

title: Partial cricoidectomy with XXXX for postintubation @entity5142 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['primary thyrotracheal anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway and voice complaints']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['primary thyrotracheal anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary @entity2 generally has a poor prognosis if not diagnosed at an early stage. But some @entity2 grow @entity6632 . In particular, @entity420 is sometimes observed for years with no change of @entity5 size. In this study, we examined the reasons for the delays in reaching a @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed primary @entity2 cases between January 1995 and December 1999 and examined those whose definitive diagnoses were delayed for more than a year. RESULTS: A total of 222 @entity2 were diagnosed. Of those, 19 @entity1 (group A, 8.6%) were diagnosed after more than a year, and the other 203 (group B, 91.4%) were diagnosed within one year. The proportion of @entity1 in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (p<0.05). The mean age of group A was significantly younger than that of group B (p<0.05). The Brinkman Index of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (p<0.05). The histologic types were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.05). In group A, 18 @entity1 (94.7%) had @entity420 . Five primary reasons for the delays in group A were identified: 1) Four @entity1 were tentatively diagnosed as @entity5 on CT and were consequently not followed-up. 2) The chest CT shadows in 6 @entity1 were @entity2 but transbronchial lung biopsy findings did not show malignancy. 3) Four @entity1 were tentatively diagnosed as @entity5 on CT, but the @entity5 showed only very slow growth or no change at all. 4) The chest CT shadows of 2 @entity1 were suspected @entity2 , but the @entity1 refused to undergo video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) or closer examination. 5) Three @entity1 did not consult medical facilities for a second examination. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the @entity420 reviewed in our study grew slowly or remained unchanged for years. Doctors are mainly responsible for the delays in the definitive diagnosis and should aggressively perform VATS or closer examinations without hesitation.

title: Reasons for the delays in the XXXX for more than one year from the recognition of abnormal chest shadows.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'inflammation or benign tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer', 'suspected lung cancers', 'primary lung cancers', 'definitive diagnosis of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6632 :: ('MESH:C536353', 'Disease') :: ['very slowly']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['definitive diagnosis of lung cancer']


abstract: GTP-binding proteins have been implicated as transducers of a variety of biological signaling processes. These proteins share considerable structural as well as functional homology. Due to these similarities, it was thought that a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the light activation of the rod outer segment GTP-binding protein, tranducin (Gt), might exert some functional effect upon the G proteins that regulate the adenylate cyclase system. Antibody 4A, raised against the alpha subunit of Gt, cross-reacted (by hybridization on nitrocellulose) with purified alpha subunits of other G proteins (Gi and Gs, regulatory @entity6370 -binding proteins that mediate inhibition and stimulation of @entity1920 cyclase, respectively) as long as they were not denatured. This antibody, which interferes with rod outer segment @entity6708 phosphodiesterase activation by blocking interaction between @entity18588 and Gt, also interfered with actions of both the stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins of adenylate cyclase from @entity35 cerebral cortex membranes. Effects of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 4A were dose-dependent and not reversed by washing. mAb 4A also blocked the Gi-mediated inhibition of adenylate cyclase in the cyc- variant of S49 @entity706 and in doing so raised the level of adenylate cyclase activity in both the cyc- variant and the S49 wild type. There was no effect of mAb 4A on adenylate cyclase activity of the resolved catalytic subunit. These results suggest that the well known sequence homologies among the G proteins involved in cellular signal transduction may extend to the sites that interact with other members of signal-transducing cascades (receptors and effector molecules). Therefore, antibody 4A may serve as a useful tool to probe the similarities and differences among the various systems.

title: A monoclonal antibody against the rod outer segment XXXX -binding protein, transducin, blocks the stimulatory and inhibitory G proteins of adenylate cyclase.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanyl nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

answer: @entity6370 :: (CHEBI:61292,Chemical) :: ['guanyl nucleotide']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate inhibin secretion in @entity35 with @entity792 . As we have previously described, @entity792 ( @entity792 ) induced in @entity35 by active immunization with testis homogenate and adjuvants is characterized by an interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate and sloughing of the germinal epithelium. At 120 days after the first immunization 60% of the @entity35 exhibited a severe @entity11570 with large areas of aspermatogenic seminiferous tubules in which only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells with cytoplasmic vacuolization remained attached to the tubular wall. None of the untreated (N) or control (C) @entity35 revealed pathological alterations. Sixty percent decrease in testis weight was observed in @entity35 with @entity792 compared with N or C groups. A 3-fold increase in serum FSH levels was observed in @entity35 with @entity792 compared with N or C groups (19.8+/-3.7 vs 5.6+/-0.3 and 5.9+/-0.1 ng/ml respectively). A significant decrease in inhibin B levels was observed in @entity35 with @entity792 when compared with N or C groups (40+/-4.6 vs 207+/-38.8 and 221.4+/-28.6 pg/ml respectively). An inverse correlation between inhibin B and FSH serum levels and a direct correlation between inhibin B and testis weight were found. Strong expression of the inhibin alpha-subunit in Sertoli cells of untreated and control @entity35 was observed; this subunit was undetectable or poorly detectable in @entity35 with @entity11570 . Positive staining for the inhibin alpha-subunit was also observed in Leydig cells of all groups studied. In conclusion, using a model of @entity792 our results show that circulating inhibin B levels and inhibin alpha-subunit expression in Sertoli cell cytoplasm closely correlate with the degree of damage of the germinal epithelium.

title: Correlation between inhibin secretion and damage of seminiferous tubules in a model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune orchitis', 'experimental autoimmune orchitis', 'EAO']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['experimental autoimmune orchitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of overweight, @entity28 , undernutrition and physical activity status in the urban populations of India. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 6-12 urban streets in each of five cities in five different regions of India using a common study protocol and criteria of diagnosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 6940 subjects (3433 @entity1 and 3507 @entity1 ) aged 25 years and above were randomly selected from the cities of Moradabad (n = 2002),Trivandrum (n = 1602), Calcutta (n = 900), Nagpur (n = 894) and Bombay (n = 1542). Evaluation and validation were performed by a physician and dietitian-administered questionnaire at Moradabad. After pooling of data, all subjects were divided into various age groups for @entity1 and @entity1 . Obesity (body mass index = 30 > kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI 2 25-29.9 kg/m(2) and > 23 kg/m(2)) as well as waist-hip ratio (> 0.85 in @entity1 and > 0.88 in @entity1 , @entity1144 ) were calculated and physical activity status assessed by a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity28 was 6.8% (7.8 vs. 6.2%, P < 0.05) and overweight 33.5% (35.0 vs. 32.0%, P < 0.05) among @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. The highest prevalence of @entity28 (7.8%) and overweight (36.9%) was found among subjects aged 35 to 44 years in both sexes. The prevalence of @entity28 was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in Trivandrum (8.5%), Calcutta (7. 1%) and Bombay (8.3%) compared to Moradabad (6.2%) among @entity1 and in Trivandrum (7.4%) and Bombay (7.2%), compared to Nagpur (5.0%) among @entity1 . There was a significant decreasing trend in @entity28 (P < 0.05) and overweight (P < 0.05) with increasing age above 35-44 years in both sexes. The overall prevalence of subjects > 23 kg/m(2) was 50.8% and @entity1144 52.6%. The overall prevalence of sedentary behaviour was 59.3% among @entity1 and 58.5% among @entity1 . Both sedentary behaviour and mild activity showed a significant increasing trend in @entity1 after the age of 35-44 years. In @entity1 , such a trend was observed above the age of 45 years. Sedentary behaviour was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in Trivandrum, Calcutta, and Bombay compared to Nagpur. Sedentary behaviour was significantly (P < 0.001) associated with @entity28 in both sexes, compared to non-obese @entity1 and @entity1 . The overall prevalence of undernutrition was 5.5% (n = 380) which was significantly more common in Moradabad, north and Nagpur, central India compared to other cities. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity, overweight and @entity1144 and sedentary behaviour coexist with undernutrition, and have become a public health problem in all the five cities of India. The prevalence of @entity28 and sedentary behaviour was significantly greater in Trivandrum, Calcutta and Bombay compared to Moradabad and Nagpur. Sedentary behaviour was significantly associated with @entity28 compared to non-obese subjects in both sexes, which may be due to greater economic development in metro cities.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , physical inactivity and undernutrition, a triple burden of diseases during transition in a developing economy. The Five City Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors hypothesized that cooling before evacuation of traumatic @entity2075 protects the brain from reperfusion injury and, if so, further hypothesized that @entity2332 induction before or soon after craniotomy should be associated with improved outcomes. METHODS: The National @entity131 Study: @entity2332 I (NABIS:H I) was a randomized multicenter clinical trial of 392 @entity1 with severe @entity1545 treated using normothermia or @entity2332 for 48 hours with @entity1 reaching 33  C at 8.4    3 hours after injury. The National @entity131 Study: @entity2332 II (NABIS:H II) was a randomized, multicenter clinical trial of 97 @entity1 with severe @entity1545 treated with normothermia or @entity2332 for 48 hours with @entity1 reaching 35  C within 2.6    1.2 hours and 33  C within 4.4    1.5 hours of injury. Entry and exclusion criteria, management, and outcome measures in the 2 trials were similar. RESULTS: In NABIS:H II among the @entity1 with evacuated @entity2075 , outcome was poor (severe disability, vegetative state, or @entity204 ) in 5 of 15 @entity1 in the @entity2332 group and in 9 of 13 @entity1 in the normothermia group (relative risk 0.44, 95% CI 0.22-0.88; p = 0.02). All @entity1 randomized to @entity2332 reached 35  C within 1.5 hours after surgery start and 33  C within 5.55 hours. Applying these criteria to NABIS:H I, 31 of 54 @entity2332 -treated @entity1 reached a temperature of 35  C or lower within 1.5 hours after surgery start time, and the remaining 23 @entity1 reached 35  C at later time points. Outcome was poor in 14 (45%) of 31 @entity1 reaching 35  C within 1.5 hours of surgery, in 14 (61%) of 23 @entity1 reaching 35  C more than 1.5 hours of surgery, and in 35 (60%) of 58 @entity1 in the normothermia group (relative risk 0.74, 95%, CI 0.49-1.13; p = 0.16). A meta-analysis of 46 @entity1 with @entity1410 in both trials who reached 35  C within 1.5 hours of surgery start showed a significantly reduced rate of poor outcomes (41%) compared with 94 @entity1 treated with @entity2332 who did not reach 35  C within that time and @entity1 treated at normothermia (62%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of @entity2332 to 35  C before or soon after craniotomy with maintenance at 33  C for 48 hours thereafter may improve outcome of @entity1 with @entity1410 and severe @entity131 . Clinical trial registration no.: NCT00178711.

title: Early induction of XXXX for evacuated @entity2075 : a post hoc analysis of two clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Brain Injury', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematomas']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of oriental medicine therapy on poststroke @entity2026 . The outcome was measured as the delta value of the Aphasic Quotient score. @entity1 completed test at two timepoints: baseline and discharge time. @entity1 who received conventional therapy and language therapy were grouped in the Only Language Therapy group. @entity1 who received conventional therapy, language therapy, and an Oriental medicine regimen were grouped in the Combined oriental Medicine Therapy group. We compared the delta value of the Aphasic Quotient score between two groups. The Combined Oriental Medicine group exhibited a greater improvement than the Only Language Therapy group in the total Aphasic Quotient score and most subsection scores. In particular, there were statistically significant differences in total Aphasic Quotient score and subsections such as spontaneous speech, content delivery, @entity1650 , and command performance. Among severe aphasic @entity1 , the improvement of the Combined oriental Medicine group was better than that of the Only Language Therapy group. Through this study, we suggest combination therapy with the administration of oriental medicine and language therapy can be helpful in the treatment of post- @entity64 aphasic @entity1 .

title: Can combination therapy of conventional and oriental medicine improve poststroke XXXX ? Comparative, observational, pragmatic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension, auditory verbal comprehension']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: The pattern and extent of disorganization of the liver architecture were studied in 25 @entity1 undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation for @entity82 . Image analysis techniques based on mathematical morphology were used to define seven parameters for each case, including @entity82 index (percentage of Sirius-red-stained areas), three categories of regenerative nodules (< 0.8, 0.8-1.6 and > 1.6 mm in diameter) and three categories of fibrous septa (< 0.4, 0.4-1.2 and > 1.2 mm in width). @entity82 index ranged from 10.2% to 51.9%. Percentage of small nodules of infralobular size (< 0.8 mm in diameter) varied from 31.4% to 98.2%. Percentage of large nodules, > 1.6 mm in diameter, in only four cases was > 15%. Multivariate clustering analysis classified the cases into three main groups. One of them included only cases of @entity82 secondary to parenchymal disease or to @entity2246 . In their pattern, tiny nodules predominated, and the percentage of slender septa, < 0.4 mm in diameter, was very high, although the overall @entity82 index was relatively low. @entity1 with @entity2835 were classified into two groups. In one the @entity82 index was low and the size of the nodules variable, with 12% large nodules. In the other the @entity82 index was high, and small nodules, < 0.8 mm in diameter, predominated. No relationship was found with age at transplantation or previous portoenterostomy. A presumptive explanation for this divergent evolution might be the occurrence of @entity2749 . Overall @entity82 that the liver can sustain without failure is apparently limited.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cirrhotic changes in livers from XXXX undergoing transplantation. Image analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitic episodes']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn errors of metabolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: It has been established that the cytoskeleton plays an important role in the secretory function of hepatocytes. We studied the effect of @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) and low @entity460 (LC) on the cytoskeleton of primary cultured hepatocytes using double-labelling immunofluorescence and secretion of @entity10156 (FD) into the bile canaliculi (BC). The hepatocytes were obtained from 14-day-old male @entity35 . They were cultured for 24 h in serum-free William's E medium with insulin and @entity619 added to induce differentiation including bile canaliculus formation. After incubation with @entity5579 (200 microM) for 1 h, the BC became dilated and distorted and formed diverticula. Actin filaments around the BC became more prominent and the stress fibers decreased. @entity5579 did not affect the microtubules or cytokeratin filaments. Exposure to LC (20 microM) for 24 h caused a slight dilation of the BC. Actin spread out over the cell periphery and appeared non-filamentous. Actin filaments around the BC appeared unchanged and the stress fibers disappeared. Microtubules and cytokeratin filaments were unaffected. Secretion of FD into the BC occurred normally after treatment with @entity5579 or LC. These results support the idea that the integrity of actin is not necessary for secretory function and that microtubules and intermediate filaments play a role in this process. The dilatation and diverticular formation in the BC induced by @entity5579 treatment suggests that a cytochalasin-like loss of contraction of the BC may explain the @entity5579 -induced decrease in bile flow observed in vivo.

title: Effects of @entity2644 and low XXXX on the cytoskeleton and the secretory function of hepatocytes in vitro.

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: We aimed to prospectively analyze correlations between clinical features and histological classification of multi-segment intramedullary @entity4097 (MSICTs), and the extent of microsurgical resection and functional outcomes. Fifty-six @entity1 with MSICTs underwent microsurgery for @entity5 removal using a posterior approach. The @entity5 was exposed through a dorsal myelotomy. Pre-operative and post-operative nervous function was scored using the Improved Japanese Orthopaedic Association (IJOA) grading system. Correlation analyses were performed between functional outcome (IJOA score) and histological features, age, @entity5 location, and the longitudinal extent of @entity602 . The most frequently involved levels were the medullo cervical and the cervicothoracic regions (51.8%, 29/56) followed by the conus terminalis (26.8%, 15/56) and the thoracic region (14.3%, 8/56). @entity424 was the most frequent MSICT type, seen in 22 of 56 @entity1 (39%), followed by low grade @entity816 (17 @entity1 , 30%) and @entity463 multiforme (3 @entity1 , 5%). Gross total @entity5 removal was achieved in 33 cases (58%), subtotal resection in 4 (7%), and partial resection in 16 (28%). The histological classification of the @entity5 was the most important factor influencing the extent of surgical removal (chi2=22.17, p=0.00). The overall difference between pre-operative and post-operative neurological state was not significant (chi2=5.44, p=0.61). Thus, MSICTs were most commonly seen in the medullo cervical and cervicothoracic regions, with @entity424 and low grade @entity816 the most common @entity5 types. We stress the importance of early microsurgical treatment for MSICTs while the @entity1 do not have severe @entity409 .

title: Microsurgical treatment and functional outcomes of multi-segment intramedullary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'Ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord involvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity991 is a @entity409 characterized by multifocal strictures in the intra- and extrahepatic biliary tree. Dominant strictures may arise in the extrahepatic bile ducts, and in these circumstances, endoscopic therapy has been introduced to relieve @entity1448 and perhaps also delay the development of @entity1575 . The experience of endoscopic treatment at this point in time is limited and the long-term benefit is not clear. @entity5 in @entity991 is unpredictable, which is illustrated in the present study along with an evaluation of the efficacy of endoscopic treatment. METHODOLOGY: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed in 25 @entity1 with @entity991 . In 15 there were dominant strictures in the hilum of the liver and/or the distal bile duct and these @entity1 were treated by dilation and/or endoprostheses. Four @entity1 in the treatment group had just cholestatic biochemical test results and 11 were symptomatic. RESULTS: Endoscopic therapy was technically successful in all 15 @entity1 . In 43 sessions, 5 @entity1 were treated by dilation, 2 with endoprostheses, and 8 by both methods. Improvement was achieved radiologically in 12 @entity1 , clinically in 8, and according to liver function tests in 7. Therapy was complicated by @entity255 in 5 @entity1 . Complications were mild and there was no mortality related to the procedure. However, 6 @entity1 in the treatment group died, 5 of @entity201 and 1 of @entity694 . CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic therapy in @entity991 is indicated in selected @entity1 . The @entity5 incidence is high, not least in @entity1 with deteriorating disease. It is important to find techniques for identifying @entity1 at risk in order to perform liver transplantation before malignant transformation.

title: Endoscopic therapy in XXXX : outcome of treatment and risk of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplastic transformation', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: The clinical course of @entity1 with @entity4406 ( @entity4406 ) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) is frequently complicated by arterial @entity715 events. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood but attributed to @entity1423 . An increase in platelet @entity2871 formation has been described in the majority of asymptomatic @entity1 with thrombocythaemia, probably reflecting spontaneous platelet activation in vivo. In the present study we prospectively investigated whether an increase in platelet @entity2871 formation actually precedes arterial microvascular @entity715 . In addition, we studied the effect of selective inhibition of platelet @entity2871 formation on clinical outcome by reinstitution of low-dose @entity117 (50 mg/ d). Six ET @entity1 and one @entity4406 @entity1 participated in this study. Within 10 d after withdrawal of @entity117 , three @entity1 developed arterial microvascular @entity715 of @entity1746 ( @entity8249 ), which was preceded by a 3-30-fold increase in urinary @entity2871 excretion as compared with @entity1 who remained asymptomatic. The increased urinary @entity2871 excretion and clinical signs could be inhibited by a platelet-specific @entity117 regimen of 50 mg/d without affecting vascular cyclooxygenase, indicating that platelets were the main source of the increased @entity2871 generation. These data suggest that in symptomatic @entity1 an enhanced formation of @entity2871 by platelets, reflecting platelet activation in vivo, precedes the development of arterial microvascular @entity715 . These data provide a rationale for using low-dose @entity117 as an antithrombotic agent in thrombocythaemia.

title: @entity2871 -dependent platelet activation in vivo precedes arterial XXXX in thrombocythaemia: a rationale for the use of low-dose @entity117 as an antithrombotic agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity8249 :: ('MESH:D004916', 'Disease') :: ['erythromelalgia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in platelet function']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['extremities']

entities_list: @entity4406 :: ('MESH:D011087', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'polycythaemia vera']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']