abstract: PURPOSE: We used @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as a @entity3628 to investigate biological changes associated with an antiangiogenesis agent, @entity21926 , combined with @entity632 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 with stage IIIB or IV @entity0 were treated neoadjuvantly with the combination of @entity21926 and @entity632 for induction therapy. The dose of @entity21926 (administered on days 1 and 4, every 3 weeks) and @entity632 (administered on day 1 every 3 weeks) were escalated in cohorts of three @entity1 starting at 110 and 60 mg/m2, respectively, for a total of five cycles leading up to mastectomy. @entity1 underwent serial assessment (pharmacokinetic sampling, biopsy of @entity0 blood flow dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, plasma angiogenesis, and endothelial cell damage markers) prior to treatment, at the end of cycles no. 2 and no. 5, and after mastectomy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were enrolled; @entity1398 was dose-limiting, and overall median survival was not reached (50 months of study follow-up). Four @entity1 (22%) experienced @entity712 , which resolved and were likely attributable to a smaller volume of distribution and higher Cmax of @entity632 in combination with @entity21926 . We did observe a significant decline in @entity5 blood flow using Kep calculated by @entity35621 (pretreatment versus post-cycle no. 5; P = 0.033), trend for a decline in @entity5 microvessel density after treatment, and low baseline levels of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule were associated with improved event-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed evidence of an unfavorable cardiac interaction between @entity21926 and @entity632 , which prohibits further investigation of this combination. However, this study supports the importance of using @entity0 as a model for investigating angiogenesis inhibitors.

title: @entity0 as a @entity3628 to study @entity5 angiogenesis: results of a phase IB trial of combination XXXX and @entity632 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, tumor', 'IBC', 'inflammatory breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['model disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity21926 :: (MESH:C116890,Chemical) :: ['SU5416']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to prospectively compare hybrid and complex chemical shift-based MRI fat quantification methods against @entity90 ( @entity90 ) for the measurement of @entity1560 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Forty-two subjects (18 @entity1 and 24 @entity1 ; mean    SD age, 52.8    14 years) were prospectively enrolled and imaged at 3 T with a chemical shift-based MRI sequence and a single-voxel @entity90 sequence, each in one breath-hold. Proton density fat fraction and rate constant (R2*) using both single- and dual-R2* hybrid fitting methods, as well as proton density fat fraction and R2* maps using a complex fitting method, were generated. A single radiologist colocalized volumes of interest on the proton density fat fraction and R2* maps according to the spectroscopy measurement voxel. Agreement among the three MRI methods and the @entity90 proton density fat fraction values was assessed using linear regression, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS. Correlation between the MRI and @entity90 measures of proton density fat fraction was excellent. Linear regression coefficients ranged from 0.98 to 1.01, and intercepts ranged from -1.12% to 0.49%. Agreement measured by ICC was also excellent (0.99 for all three methods). Bland-Altman analysis showed excellent agreement, with mean differences of -1.0% to 0.6% (SD, 1.3-1.6%). CONCLUSION. The described MRI-based liver proton density fat fraction measures are clinically feasible and accurate. The validation of proton density fat fraction quantification methods is an important step toward wide availability and acceptance of the MRI-based measurement of proton density fat fraction as an accurate and generalizable biomarker.

title: Quantification of XXXX With a Multistep Adaptive Fitting MRI Approach: Prospective Validation Against MR Spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity90 :: ('MESH:C564570', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'MR spectroscopy']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

answer: @entity1560 :: (MESH:D005234,Disease) :: ['Hepatic Steatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been thought that corrective posterior surgery for @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) should be started on the concave side because initial convex manipulation would increase the risk of @entity1518 , worsening the rib hump. With the many new materials, implants, and manipulation techniques (e.g., direct @entity717 ) now available, we hypothesized that manipulating the convex side first is no longer taboo. METHODS: Our technique has two major facets. (1) Curve correction is started from the convex side with a derotation maneuver and in situ bending followed by concave rod application. (2) A 6.35 mm diameter pure @entity702 rod is used on the convex side and a 6.35 mm diameter @entity702 alloy rod on the concave side. Altogether, 52 @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group N included 40 @entity1 (3 male, 37 female; average age 15.9 years) of @entity196 (23 @entity1 ), type 2 (2), type 3 (3), type 5 (10), type 6 (2). They were treated with a new technique using 6.35 mm diameter different-stiffness @entity702 rods. Group C included 12 @entity1 (all female, average age 18.8 years) of @entity196 (6 @entity1 ), type 2 (3), type 3 (1), type 5 (1), type 6 (1). They were treated with conventional methods using 5.5 mm diameter @entity702 alloy rods. Radiographic parameters (Cobb angle/thoracic kyphosis/correction rates) and perioperative data were retrospectively collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Preoperative main Cobb angles (groups N/C) were 56.8  /60.0  , which had improved to 15.2  /17.1   at the latest follow-up. @entity1513 increased from 16.8   to 21.3   in group N and from 16.0   to 23.4   in group C. Correction rates were 73.2% in group N and 71.7% in group C. There were no significant differences for either parameter. Mean operating time, however, was significantly shorter in group N (364 min) than in group C (456 min). CONCLUSION: We developed a new corrective surgical technique for @entity1615 using a 6.35 mm diameter pure @entity702 rod initially on the convex side. Correction rates in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes were the same as those achieved with conventional methods, but the operation time was significantly shorter.

title: A new corrective technique for XXXX : convex manipulation using 6.35 mm diameter pure @entity702 rod followed by concave fixation using 6.35 mm diameter @entity702 alloy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Lenke type 1']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral malrotation']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral rotation']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: A 25-years old @entity1 from Zagreb, Croatia, was admitted to the University Hospital for @entity166 four days after the onset of symptoms such as @entity221 , intense @entity158 in the @entity291 and @entity1696 . The @entity1 owned a @entity95 and, before the onset of the disease, repaired some rubber pipes damaged by rodents. At admission, he had a severe clinical picture with @entity221 , @entity551 , @entity1087 , immobility, and @entity158 in leg muscles. Treatment with @entity2756 was initiated in combination with volume restitution. @entity177 soon ensued. Consequently continuous venovenous hemodiaphiltration therapy was performed. Due to acute @entity649 , the @entity1 was mechanically ventilated. The @entity1 's condition gradually improved and he recovered fully from @entity881 . Diagnosis was confirmed by a microscopic agglutination test (MAT) covering 15 leptospira serovars and real-time polymerase-chain reaction (PCR). The first serum sample taken on day 6 tested negative for leptospira, while PCR showed positive results for leptospiral DNA. The second serum sample taken on day 13 tested positive for serovar Canicola serogroup Canicola, serovar Patoc, serovar Grippotyphosa serogroup Grippotyphosa and serovar Tarassovi serogroup Tarassovi (titre 4000, 4000, 1000 and 2000, respectively), while PCR was negative. This report highlights the benefits of combining MAT and PCR methods in early diagnosis of @entity2926 .

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multi-organ failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Diseases']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2926 :: (MESH:D007922,Disease) :: ['leptospirosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The present study was conducted to develop a new method for maintaining the effect of botulinum toxin treatment for @entity2652 . We used a combination strategy including the administration of botulinum toxin three times at 6-8-month intervals followed by daily newly developed half-mirror biofeedback rehabilitation for about 2 years from the first injection. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective study. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity3541 for >1 year were included in the study. The amount injected per site varied from 1.5 to 3  U. The purpose of the first injection was to reduce the most inconvenient facial problem such as facial synkinesis or @entity71 movement at the points of the periocular area and the zygomaticus major and minor muscles with an average dosage of 17.4      13.9  U. The second injection was to enhance facial symmetry at prominent @entity1184 areas on the contralateral side with 36.5      15.4  U, and the third injection was to add cosmetic configuration at the points of deep furrows and creases caused by facial muscular @entity2915 or @entity194 with 15.6      8.4  U. RESULT: After three injections of botulinum toxin A and 2 years of half-mirror biofeedback exercises, all @entity1 showed marked relief of facial synkinesis and @entity7439 . Before treatment, the mean      standard deviation (SD) Sunnybrook (SB) score was 36.8      8.76. After the first injection, the score increased by 11.4. After the second injection, the score increased by 14.6; it further increased by 15.6 after the third injection. CONCLUSION: This facial rehabilitation strategy, consisting of three injections of botulinum toxin and half-mirror biofeedback exercises, proceeds over the course of 2 years and offers a long-lasting cure for facial synkinesis and facial symmetry as well as improved facial aesthetics.

title: Half-mirror biofeedback exercise in combination with three botulinum toxin A injections for long-lasting treatment of XXXX after @entity3541 .

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial sequelae']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinetic']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetry']

answer: @entity2652 :: (MESH:D005148,Disease) :: ['facial sequelae']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of a series of cases with a complication of @entity26554 . OBJECTIVES: To present a previously undescribed complication, early sacral or pelvic @entity1642 , after @entity26554 and to identify the risk factors associated with this complication. BACKGROUND: There are a number of well-described complications of @entity26554 , including delayed @entity1642 of the pelvis. Early sacral or pelvic @entity1642 after @entity26554 has not been previously reported, to the authors' knowledge. METHODS: The authors present three cases of early @entity1642 occurring at 2-4 weeks after surgery in @entity1 who underwent instrumented multilevel lumbosacral fusions for @entity179 . RESULTS: Two @entity1 had @entity174 , which to the authors' knowledge, has not been previously reported. Risk factors included @entity10145 and fusion, @entity170 in elderly @entity1 , and iliac crest bone graft procurement. All @entity1 were treated conservatively, with restricted ambulation and gradual return to activity. CONCLUSION: This complication can cause significant morbidity and a delay in the @entity1 's return to function. A better understanding of the related biomechanical forces and preoperative risk factors may identify @entity1 at risk and may aid in surgical planning and in expectations of postoperative recovery.

title: Early XXXX of the sacrum or pelvis: an unusual complication after multilevel @entity26554 .

entities_list: @entity26554 :: ('MESH:C536344', 'Disease') :: ['instrumented lumbosacral fusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['sacral fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbosacral disease']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral instrumentation']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The levels of substance @entity10133 ) in @entity35 brains were assayed in 64 @entity35 . Bilateral common carotid artery ligation was done in 49 @entity35 . Half an hour before ligation, 25 @entity35 were given 10 g/kg of RSM; 24 @entity35 were given the same volume of normal saline as controls. Sham operation was done in 15 @entity35 . Half an hour and 3 hours after @entity2806 , the @entity35 were quickly decapitated. SP concentration was assayed in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus and brain stem. In saline-treated animals, the SP level of caudate nucleus at 3-hour group was significantly decreased as compared with the 0.5-hour group and sham-operated group respectively. No significances were found among RSM-treated groups and sham-operated groups. The SP levels were shown: brain stem greater than caudate nucleus greater than cerebral cortex. The preliminary results suggest that SP may be involved in the pathophysiologic procedures of @entity2806 and RSM may attenuate the dysfunction of SP during @entity2806 .

title: The effect of radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM) on substance P in XXXX --animal experiment.

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7273 Background: A study was designed to target distant micrometastasis with full-dose chemotherapy (CT) without the delay of local therapy, followed by low-dose CT to sensitize @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for gross @entity5 . The study evaluated the response rate and @entity137 of one cycle of full-dose, two-drug CT followed by pulsed low-dose @entity1205 ( @entity4420 ) and concurrent @entity1161 for @entity1 (pts) with inoperable @entity5 . METHODS: Pts with inoperable @entity5 were eligible. Induction CT consisted of @entity4420 75mg/m2 and @entity900 75mg/m2 on day 1, followed by rhG-CSF (150      g/m2 s.q. days 2-10). Concurrent chemoradiation started 3-6 weeks after induction CT. Low-dose @entity4420 was12 mg/m2, twice weekly with daily @entity1161 . @entity1161 dose was 64.8 Gy to gross @entity5 and 45-57.6 Gy to subclinical disease. All pts enrolled were followed for @entity137 and pts who completed therapy were assessed for response. RESULTS: 15 pts were enrolled since 2/2002. All received induction CT except 1 with an anaphylactic reaction to @entity4420 . Eight completed both induction CT and chemoradiation. None of the @entity1 had dose reduction during therapy. Four did not complete therapy due to: 1- @entity4420 intolerance, 1-intercurrent illness, and 2-disease progression during therapy. The response rate was 87.5% (3 CR, 4 PR and 1 SD). @entity137 during induction CT included grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 (13.3%), grade 3 @entity101 (6.7%) along with grade 3 @entity4854 (6.7%), grade 3 @entity10 (6.7%) and grade 4 fatigue along with grade 3 @entity1353 (6.7%). There was no grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 . @entity137 from concurrent chemoradiation included grade 3 @entity2910 (50%) and grade 2 @entity55 (50%). There was no grade 3 @entity55 or any grade 4 @entity137 reported. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemoradiation with one-cycle, full-dose @entity4420 / @entity900 with rhG-CSF followed by concurrent pulsed low-dose @entity4420 resulted in high @entity5 response rate and acceptable @entity137 . Although published MTD of twice-weekly @entity4420 and concurrent @entity1161 was 15 mg/m2, 50% of pts in the study experienced grade 3 esophageal @entity137 at 12 mg/m2. Twice weekly @entity4420 dose has been reduced to 10 mg/m2 with concurrent @entity1161 . [Table: see text].

title: A phase II study of induction XXXX / @entity900 with rhG-CSF and concurrent pulsed @entity1205 chemoradiation for @entity5 (NSCLC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities', 'toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III NSCLC', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal studies have demonstrated that @entity4461 occurring after @entity1167 affect outcome. We investigated hemostatic changes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The prospective study included 23 @entity1 (29 to 86 years) who underwent out-of-hospital CPR for nontraumatic causes. Blood samples were drawn immediately and 15 and 30 minutes after initiation of CPR. In the case of restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC; n = 7), additional blood samples were taken immediately, 30 minutes, and 2, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours after ROSC. A marked activation of @entity1003 was found in all @entity1 . The specific markers of activated @entity1003 and fibrin formation, @entity10647 (TAT; median during CPR, 260 micrograms/L; median after ROSC, 57 micrograms/L; normal range, 1.0 to 4.1 micrograms/L), and fibrin monomers (FM; median during CPR, 34.3 micrograms/mL; median after ROSC, 65.4 micrograms/mL; normal range, 0 to 3.6 micrograms/mL) were markedly increased during and in the early phase after CPR. When @entity1 survived for 48 hours, TAT and FM values returned to the normal range. In most @entity1 , the plasma levels of D-dimer, an indicator of endogenous fibrinolytic activity, were not markedly increased during CPR (median, < 0.25 microgram/mL; normal range, < 0.25 microgram/mL) but increased moderately after ROSC (median, 0.56 microgram/mL). Levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (normal range, 0.3 to 3.5 U/mL), a marker for endogenous inhibition of fibrinolytic activity, were moderately increased in most @entity1 (median during CPR, 4.22 U/mL; median after ROSC, 8.08 U/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Our data clearly demonstrate that there is a marked activation of @entity1003 and fibrin formation after prolonged @entity1167 and CPR in @entity1 that is not balanced adequately by concomitant activation of endogenous fibrinolysis. These changes may contribute to reperfusion disorders, such as the cerebral "no-reflow" phenomenon, by inducing fibrin deposition and formation of microthrombi.

title: Activation of @entity1003 after XXXX is not balanced adequately by activation of endogenous fibrinolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity10647 :: ('MESH:D020152', 'Disease') :: ['thrombin-antithrombin complex']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Out of 38 leukaemic cases only 16 had extensive @entity2617 at @entity204 . 15 @entity1 had slight or moderate and 7 no infiltration at all. 12 of the 15, and 5 of the 7 died with @entity295 . The latter @entity1 must have died of complications rather than of the @entity1778 itself. Although it has been possible to reduce the incidence of @entity295 during life, terminal @entity295 does not yet seem to be preventable. @entity295 was revealed at autopsy in 27 of 38 @entity1 ; 25 of these also had clinical signs of @entity295 before @entity204 . Necrotizing @entity344 may cause @entity281 . In the present material, almost every second @entity1 had @entity364 . Out of 7 @entity1 having @entity5253 in vivo 5 had @entity6923 at autopsy, but only half of the @entity1 with @entity6923 had visible oral growth. Modern treatment of @entity1778 seems to be able to prevent @entity932 in 90% of the cases. On the other hand, vacuolization of muscle and liver tissue was a frequent finding in @entity1778 . It is suggested as being caused by @entity528 . Vacuolization of myocardial cells was found in 7 out of 13 cases. Among these 7, 4 had had intermittent hypokalaemia.

title: Autopsy findings in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Septicaemia', 'septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous infection']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Lymph adenopathy is of great clinical significance as underlying diseases may range from a treatable infectious etiology to @entity5 . In fact it is also essential to establish that the swelling in question is a lymph node. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) plays a vital role in solving these issues, nowadays being recognized as a rapid diagnostic technique because of its simplicity, cost effectiveness, early availability of results, accuracy and minimal invasion. FNAC is particularly helpful in the work-up of cervical masses and nodules because biopsy of cervical adenopathy should be avoided unless all other diagnostic modalities have failed to establish a diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological and cytomorphological patterns of enlarged neck nodes. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective observational study was performed at the Section of Histopathology, Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three Hundred and seventy seven (377) neck swelling specimens obtained over a period of two and a half years registered from different regions of Pakistan were selected. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17. RESULTS: Of a total of 377 cases of FNAC performed on neck nodes, the most frequent cause of @entity3329 was found to be @entity378 with 199 cases (52.7%), followed by @entity12293 with 61 cases (16.1%). @entity189 was found to be the third most common cause with 33 cases (8.7%). A diagnosis of @entity1071 was rendered in 21 cases (5.5%). Acute and chronic non-specific @entity32 was seen in 16 cases (4.2%). In 47 cases (12%) FNAC was inconclusive. CONCLUSION: In our study, the predominant cause of enlarged neck nodes was @entity1600 , followed by reactive @entity3298 and @entity5 , especially @entity189 and @entity706 . FNAC was helpful in establishing the diagnosis in approximately 98% of the cases.

title: Spectrum of cytological findings in patients with neck XXXX --experience in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic carcinoma', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['reactive lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['lymphadenopathy']


abstract: Multiple studies have addressed @entity1150 timing in traumatic @entity1545 . However, a precise time for safe and effective chemoprophylaxis is uncertain according to experts. A comprehensive literature review on @entity1545 was performed to delineate temporal proportions for 1) spontaneous @entity932 ( @entity932 ) progression, 2) post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion, and 3) post-chemoprophylaxis @entity1150 . Twenty-three publications were found including more than 5,000 @entity1 . Spontaneous @entity932 expansion at 24 hours was 14.8% in 1,437 @entity1 from chemoprophylaxis studies and 29.9% in 1,257 @entity1 not in chemoprophylaxis studies (P   <   0.0001). With low-risk @entity932 (n   =   136), 99% of spontaneous @entity932 expansion occurred within 48 hours. In moderate or high-risk @entity932 (n   =   109), 18% of spontaneous @entity932 expansion occurred after day 3. If @entity1 with pre-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion are included, the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 5.6% in 1,258 @entity1 with chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3 and was 1.5% in 401 with chemoprophylaxis after day 3 (P   =   0.0116). If @entity1 with pre-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion were excluded, the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 3.1% in 1,570 @entity1 with chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3 and was 2.8% in 582 with chemoprophylaxis after day 3 (P   =   0.7769). In @entity21 (n   =   188), the post-chemoprophylaxis @entity932 expansion proportion was 1.6% with chemoprophylaxis after day 3. The @entity1150 proportions were as follows: chemoprophylaxis on days 1 to 3, 2.6% in 2,384 @entity1 ; chemoprophylaxis on days 4 or 5, 2.2% in 831; and chemoprophylaxis on day 8, 14.1% in 99 (P   <   0.0001). Spontaneous @entity932 expansion proportions at 24 hours substantially vary between chemoprophylaxis and non-chemoprophylaxis studies. Chemoprophylaxis should not be given within 3 days of injury for moderate-risk or high-risk @entity932 . Chemoprophylaxis is reasonable when low-risk @entity1 have not developed @entity932 expansion within 48 hours @entity130 . Chemoprophylaxis is also acceptable after day 3, when low-risk @entity1 develop @entity932 expansion within 48 hours @entity130 . In @entity21 @entity1 who have not developed @entity932 within 72 hours, chemoprophylaxis is reasonable. @entity1150 proportions significantly increase when chemoprophylaxis is withheld for greater than 7 days.

title: Timing for XXXX in traumatic brain injury: an evidence-based review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'Deep vein thrombosis', 'deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis chemoprophylaxis']


abstract: AIMS: @entity3555 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality but has not been studied in a national population of @entity454 @entity1 . METHODS: 327,993 dialysis @entity1 in the United States Renal Data System initiated from 1 January 1992 to 30 June 1997 were analyzed in a historical cohort study of hospitalized @entity3555 (ENDO, ICD9 Code 421.x). Renal transplant recipients were excluded. RESULTS: Hemodialysis @entity1 had an age-adjusted incidence ratio for ENDO of 17.86 (95% confidence interval, 6.62-48.90) and peritoneal dialysis @entity1 10.54 (95% CI, 0.71- 158.13, not statistically significant) compared to the general population in 1996 (the National Hospital Discharge Survey). 6.1% of @entity1 with ENDO underwent valve replacement surgery. In multivariate analysis, hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis), earlier year of dialysis, @entity299 , and lower serum @entity1011 and albumin were associated with increased risk of ENDO. In Cox regression analysis, @entity1 with ENDO had increased mortality, relative risk 1.48 (95% CI 1.45-1.73). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 on chronic dialysis were at increased risk for ENDO compared to the general population. The risk for peritoneal dialysis @entity1 was not statistically significant, possibly due to the smaller numbers of @entity1 on this modality. Hemodialysis (vs. peritoneal dialysis) and comorbidities were the strongest risk factors for ENDO identified.

title: Hospitalizations for XXXX after initiation of chronic dialysis in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial endocarditis', 'bacterial endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3555 :: (MESH:D004697,Disease) :: ['bacterial endocarditis']


abstract: We compared the safety and clinical outcomes of stapled hemorrhoidectomy and conventional excision hemorrhoidectomy in the treatment of acute @entity6713 , and analyzed various factors associated with complications in stapled hemorrhoidectomy. Forty @entity1 underwent stapled hemorrhoidectomy and forty underwent conventional excision hemorrhoidectomy. All had the operation under local anesthesia with conscious sedation within 24 h of admission. The length of surgery, hospital stay, disability, @entity282 , and the use of analgesics were significantly less for @entity1 in the stapled hemorrhoidectomy group. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy did not significantly increase the rate of complications. Five @entity1 in the stapled group (12.5%) required further surgical intervention: three with @entity6713 and two with recurrent prolapse. No serious complications were reported in either group. @entity1 satisfaction was similar in the two groups. Increased age was identified as a factor that significantly elevated the risk of complications in the stapled group (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13). @entity417 and time between the onset of @entity6713 and hospital admission were also risk factors for complications, although they were not significant. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is a feasible treatment for selected @entity1 with an acute @entity6713 and has a similar complication rate to that of conventional excision hemorrhoidectomy. Stapled hemorrhoidectomy is superior in less- @entity282 , shorter operation time, shorter hospital stay, and earlier return to normal activity. However, we suggest that older @entity1 with @entity417 or a prolonged @entity6713 are unsuitable for stapled hemorrhoidectomy.

title: Stapled hemorrhoidectomy versus conventional excision hemorrhoidectomy for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity6713 :: ('MESH:D006484', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhoidal crisis', 'thrombosed hemorrhoids', 'prolapsed hemorrhoids']

answer: @entity6713 :: (MESH:D006484,Disease) :: ['hemorrhoidal crisis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity377 -binding oligomerization domain (NOD) proteins belong to a distinct family of proteins that are implicated in the intracellular recognition of bacterial components. @entity6820 appears to be a sensor of bacterial peptidoglycans because it recognizes a minimal motif present in all peptidoglycans. The interaction of @entity6820 with downstream signaling molecules ultimately results in the activation of NF-kappaB and production of inflammatory mediators in innate immunity. As such, @entity6820 may play an important role in the detection of bacterial pathogens and the initiation of @entity32 within the dental pulp. This study was designed to evaluate the expression of @entity6820 in normal @entity1 dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and @entity1 pulp tissues. METHODS: @entity1 pulp tissue samples were collected from freshly extracted @entity1 wisdom teeth, and HDPCs were prepared from the explants of normal @entity1 dental pulp tissues. Nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Nested RT-PCR) and Western blotting were performed to detect the expression of @entity6820 messenger RNA and protein, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the distribution of @entity6820 in the pulp tissues. RESULTS: The @entity6820 messenger RNA and protein were present in normal @entity1 dental pulp tissues, with most @entity6820 protein expression being localized to odontoblasts and some pulp vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, HDPCs only showed a low level of @entity6820 protein expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity6820 protein expressed in HDPCs and pulp tissues may play an important role in dental immune defense.

title: Expression of @entity377 -binding oligomerization domain 2 in normal XXXX dental pulp cells and dental pulp tissues.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that growing up on a traditional farm provides protection from the development of @entity56 such as @entity2023 and @entity56 . We present experimental evidence that substances providing protection from the development of @entity56 can be extracted from dust collected in stables of animal farms. METHODS: Stable dust was collected from 30 randomly selected farms located in rural regions of the Alps (Austria, Germany and Switzerland). The dust was homogenised with glass beads and extracted with physiological @entity2827 solution. This extract was used to modulate immune response in a well established @entity19 model of @entity56 . RESULTS: Treatment of @entity19 by inhalation of stable dust extract during sensitisation to ovalbumin inhibited the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and airway @entity1712 upon challenge, as well as the production of @entity59 by splenocytes and of antigen specific @entity6527 . Dust extract also suppressed the generation of @entity1 dendritic cells in vitro. The biological activity of the dust extract was not exclusively mediated by lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS: Stable dust from animal farms contains strong immune modulating substances. These substances can interfere with the development of both cellular and humoral immunity against allergens, thus suppressing allergen sensitisation, airway @entity32 , and airway hyperresponsiveness in a @entity19 model of @entity56 .

title: Inhalation of stable dust extract prevents allergen induced airway XXXX and hyperresponsiveness.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: AIM: We investigated the association of @entity1533 and @entity3098 alleles, haplotypes and genotypes with unprovoked antibody-negative @entity1723 (A(-) KPD) in comparison to @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). METHODS: A(-) KPD and @entity2175 sub-Saharan African @entity1 aged 19-63 years were consecutively recruited. @entity1 positive for cytoplasmic islet cell, insulin, @entity367 decarboxylase or islet antigen-2 autoantibodies were excluded. Odds ratios were obtained via logistic regression after considering alleles with a minimum frequency of 5% in the study population. Bonferroni correction was used in the case of multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Among the 130 @entity1 , 35 (27%) were @entity1 and 57 (44%) were A(-) KPD. @entity1533 and @entity3098 allele frequencies were similar for both A(-) KPD and @entity2175 @entity1 ; they did not confer any substantial risk even after considering type 1 @entity6 susceptibility and resistance alleles. We found no association between A(-) KPD and the derived @entity1533 *07- @entity3098 *02:02 (OR: 0.55 [95%CI: 0.17-1.85], P=0.336); @entity1533 *11- @entity3098 *03:01 (OR: 2.42 [95%CI: 0.79-7.42], P=0.123); @entity1533 *15- @entity3098 *06:02 (OR: 0.87 [95%CI: 0.39-1.95], P=0.731) and @entity1533 *03:01- @entity3098 *02:01 (OR: 1.48 [95%CI: 0.55-3.96], P=0.437) haplotypes. Overall, we did not find any evidence of susceptibility to @entity1270 associated with @entity1533 and @entity3098 genotypes (all P>0.05) in A(-) KPD compared to @entity2175 . Similar results were obtained after adjusting the analysis for age and sex. CONCLUSION: Factors other than @entity1533 and @entity3098 genotype could explain the propensity to @entity1270 in A(-) KPD. These results need to be confirmed in a larger population with the perspective of improving the classification and understanding of the pathophysiology of A(-) KPD.

title: Association of HLA class II markers with autoantibody-negative XXXX compared to @entity2175 in a population sub-Saharan African @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['ketosis-prone atypical diabetes']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['ketosis-prone atypical diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that the positive feedback mechanism of @entity2931 and @entity1420 is preserved, although attenuated, in late postmenopausal years. Whether this is also true for the positive feedback effect of @entity2931 alone has not been investigated. DESIGN: Prospective intervention study. @entity1 : Thirty healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: The @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the years since menopause (group I: 2-8  years, group II: 9-17  years, group III: 18-25  years). They were studied during a period of 41  days. Two acute experiments (EP) of exogenous @entity53 , given via skin patches, were performed from days 1 to 7 ( @entity7700 ) and from days 35 to 41 ( @entity7701 ) to induce an LH surge. Between the two experiments (days 7-34), @entity53 was given at the dose of 100   g every 3  days, while oral @entity1420 was added from day 21 to day 34 in order to simulate a luteal phase. Blood samples were taken every 6  h during @entity7700 and @entity7701 as well as on days 8, 13, 20, 21, 27 and 34. FSH, LH, @entity53 and @entity1420 were measured in all blood samples. RESULTS: An LH surge occurred as a result of the @entity53 positive feedback mechanism in group I and in group II, in both @entity7700 and @entity7701 . Peak LH values during the surge were significantly lower in group II than in group I in both experiments. None of the @entity1 in group III displayed an LH surge. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate for the first time a gradual attenuation of the pituitary response to oestrogenic provocation over a certain period following the menopause, with complete abolition after 20  years. It is suggested that the reserves of pituitary gonadotrophs diminish with age.

title: Attenuation of the XXXX positive feedback mechanism with the age in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: GOALS: We sought to determine the @entity1 characteristics associated with increased absenteeism and @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization among @entity1 with @entity1142 . BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity1142 is associated with significant direct and indirect economic costs. There has been limited study of the predictors of direct and indirect costs in a population with refractory @entity1142 . STUDY: We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study of @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 who presented to a tertiary care center for anorectal manometry. We used standardized instruments to assess disease severity, quality of life, somatization, and @entity146 comorbidities. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the predictors of work and school absenteeism as well as @entity341 visits for @entity1142 . RESULTS: There were 148 consecutive @entity1 enrolled (87% female, mean age 43) of whom 32 (21.6%) had high absenteeism and 36 (24.3%) visited the @entity341 for @entity1142 in the past year. @entity1 with high absenteeism and @entity341 visits were more likely to be @entity308 (56.3% vs. 18.5%, P<0.0001 for high absenteeism; 47.2% vs. 19.6%, P<0.01 for @entity341 visits). After multivariable adjustment and sensitivity analyses, only @entity308 (OR, 4.41; P<0.01) was associated with increased absenteeism while there was a trend toward an association between @entity308 and @entity341 visits (OR, 2.57; P=0.067). Symptom severity was not associated with high absenteeism or @entity341 utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 , @entity308 is a stronger predictor of absenteeism than symptom severity. @entity308 may drive a portion of the indirect costs of chronic @entity1142 .

title: XXXX but Not Symptom Severity is Associated With Work and School Absenteeism in Refractory Chronic Constipation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity519 niches in @entity5 harbor therapy-resistant cells. @entity519 -activated prodrugs (HAPs) have been designed to overcome this resistance and, to date, have begun to show clinical efficacy. However, clinical HAPs activity could be improved. In this study, we sought to identify non-pharmacological methods to acutely exacerbate @entity5 to increase @entity41548 activity in @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) @entity5 models. RESULTS: Three @entity1 @entity1124 cell lines with varying sensitivity to @entity41548 (Hs766t >   MiaPaCa-2   >   SU.86.86) were used to establish @entity1124 xenograft models. @entity1124 cells were metabolically profiled in vitro and in vivo using the Seahorse XF system and hyperpolarized @entity7352 @entity2388 MRI, respectively, in addition to quantitative immunohistochemistry. The effect of exogenous @entity2388 on @entity5 oxygenation was determined using electroparamagnetic resonance (EPR) @entity26 imaging. @entity1 and MiaPaCa-2 cells exhibited a glycolytic phenotype in comparison to @entity41548 resistant line SU.86.86. Supporting this observation is a higher @entity880 / @entity2388 ratio in Hs766t and MiaPaCa xenografts as observed during hyperpolarized @entity2388 MRI studies in vivo. Coincidentally, response to exogenous @entity2388 both in vitro (Seahorse @entity26 consumption) and in vivo (EPR @entity26 imaging) was greatest in Hs766t and MiaPaCa models, possibly due to a higher mitochondrial reserve capacity. Changes in @entity26 consumption and in vivo hypoxic status to @entity2388 were limited in the SU.86.86 model. Combination therapy of @entity2388 plus @entity41548 in vivo significantly decreased @entity5 growth and increased survival in the MiaPaCa model and improved survival in Hs766t @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Using metabolic profiling, functional imaging, and computational modeling, we show improved @entity41548 activity by transiently increasing @entity5 metabolically with exogenous @entity2388 . Additionally, this work identified a set of biomarkers that may be used clinically to predict @entity5 will be most responsive to @entity2388   +   @entity41548 combination therapy. The results of this study support the concept that acute increases in @entity5 can be beneficial for improving the clinical efficacy of HAPs and can positively impact the future treatment of @entity1124 and other @entity5 .

title: @entity2388 sensitizes pancreatic tumors to XXXX -activated prodrug @entity41548 .

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'which tumors', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'Hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: AIMS: Isolated limb perfusion with @entity310 and melphalan (TM-ILP) is highly effective in the local treatment of advanced @entity242 and @entity320 of the limb. The optimal dose of @entity310 for this procedure is not well established. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and @entity137 of TM-ILPs with reduced @entity310 dose. METHOD: Largest single institution prospective database on @entity310 -based ILP. Out of 339 TM-ILPs performed between 1991 and 2003, 64 procedures were performed with reduced @entity310 dose (<3 mg in arm perfusions, <4 mg in leg perfusions). Response rates and @entity137 of the procedure and outcome of the @entity1 are evaluated. RESULTS: Complete response in @entity320 @entity1 after reduced-dose ILP was 75 vs 69% after standard-dose ILPs (overall response 94 vs 95%, respectively); overall response in non- @entity320 @entity1 was 69 (reduced) vs 74% (standard). Response rates and outcome were comparable with the procedures performed with standard-dose @entity310 (p=NS for response, local/systemic progression and survival after multivariate analysis, both in @entity320 and in non- @entity320 @entity1 ). @entity137 did not differ statistically between reduced- and standard dose TM-ILPs. CONCLUSION: Provided doses at 1mg or higher are used, TM-ILP with @entity310 dose reduction for both @entity320 and non- @entity320 @entity1 seems to be as effective as the standard dose procedure in terms of response rate and @entity1 outcome. Numbers to formally confirm or reject this hypothesis are too large for such a non-inferiority trial to be conducted in @entity1 with these rare conditions.

title: XXXX dose reduction in isolated limb perfusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Systemic and local toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the frequency and time to spontaneous recovery in pediatric @entity1 with bilateral congenital idiopathic @entity912 (BCILP). METHODS: The databases of Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library and Proquest Dissertations were searched for English language articles reporting on @entity912 in pediatric @entity1 . A bibliography search of the selected studies was done to identify additional articles. We included prospective or retrospective case-series studies of @entity1 and neonates diagnosed with BCILP at age <60 days and confirmed by direct laryngoscopy, with sufficient follow up and objective assessment for recovery. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of each study. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus and adjudication by a third author. RESULTS: Of the 4229 articles identified by the search, only one study met our inclusion criteria. The study was a retrospective case series, and was of low quality. The mean age at diagnosis was fourteen days. Sixty-five percent of the @entity1 recovered spontaneously, and the mean time to recovery was twenty-five months. Tracheostomy was performed in 71% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The available literature is of low quality and provides weak evidence on the natural history of BCILP in pediatric population.

title: Spontaneous recovery of bilateral congenital idiopathic XXXX : Systematic non-meta-analytical review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['laryngeal paralysis']


abstract: This study determined the microbiota of the mucosa- and implant-facing parts of expanded @entity736 augmentation material, and the influence of major periodontopathogens on the healing process associated with guided bone regeneration around dental implants. Seventeen @entity1 with nine dehiscence and eight extraction defects were studied. Prior to surgery and at membrane removal, microbial morphotypes, total viable counts, and the occurrence of selected microbial species were examined by phase-contrast microscopy, nonselective and selective cultures, and DNA probes. Nine sites with submerged barrier membranes throughout the 9-month study were free of cultivable microorganisms and experienced significantly more @entity446 than eight sites with prematurely exposed membrane. @entity1 with few or no deep periodontal pockets demonstrated significantly fewer residual osseous defects than @entity1 showing several pockets of increased depths. In addition, @entity1 with prematurely exposed membranes revealed several deep periodontal pockets. Three @entity1 with less than 1 mm of osseous gain yielded either @entity2523 or @entity3841 . Peptostreptococcus micros occurred in high proportions in seven of the eight @entity1 with premature membrane exposure and inadequate @entity446 . These findings associate putative periodontal pathogens with unsuccessful guided bone regeneration. The control of periodontal pathogens in the oral cavity prior to placement of barrier membranes around implants might increase the prognosis of osseous regeneration.

title: Microbiologic and clinical study of XXXX membranes for guided bone regeneration around implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoro ethylene']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['osseous healing']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity736 :: (CHEBI:53251,Chemical) :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the maternal and perinatal outcomes after the use of 12.5   g of sublingual @entity396 for labor induction in @entity1 with term pregnancy and a live fetus. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, open and non-randomized clinical trial during the period from July to December 2009. We included 30 pregnant @entity1 with an indication for labor induction at term, carrying a live fetus, with a Bishop score of six or less, cephalic presentation, estimated fetal weight of less than 4,000 g and an amniotic fluid index greater than five. We excluded @entity1 with a previous uterine scar, non-reassuring fetal status, @entity154 , @entity2099 , intrauterine growth restriction, @entity548 , and contraindications of vaginal delivery. A tablet of 12.5   g sublingual @entity396 was administered every six hours, until the beginning of labor, with the maximum of eight doses. RESULTS: Labor was successfully induced in 90% of pregnant @entity1 . The mean interval between the first dose and the onset of uterine contractions and delivery was 14.3  11.7 hours and 25.4  13 hours, respectively. The frequency of vaginal delivery was 60%. Uterine tachysystole occurred in two pregnant @entity1 , being reversed in both cases without the need for cesarean section. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid was observed in four @entity1 , and an Apgar score of less than 7 at five minutes in only one newborn. CONCLUSION: Maternal and perinatal outcomes were favorable after induction of labor with sublingual @entity396 at a dose of 12.5   g every six hours. However, controlled trials are needed to compare this regimen with other doses and routes of administration.

title: [Low dose of sublingual XXXX (12.5   g) for labor induction].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['genital bleeding']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the first reported case of @entity231 formation as a consequence of instillation of @entity2134 in an eye with a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (IOL). DESIGN: Interventional case report. INTERVENTION: A 46-year-old @entity1 received a hyperopic @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) bilaterally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Determination of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA); contrast sensitivity testing with and without glare; and intraocular pressure (IOP), specular endothelial cell, and slit-lamp examinations were performed serially. In addition, the distance between the @entity16406 and crystalline lens was measured with optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Both eyes underwent uneventful @entity16406 implantation for the correction of a manifest spherical equivalent of +7 diopters (D) in the right eye and +7.1 D in the left eye. The left eye was followed for 2 years without developing complications. The right eye, however, showed on the first postoperative day a fleckenlike opacification on the anterior pole of the crystalline lens after instillation on the operative day of 2% @entity2134 in an attempt to accelerate recovery from unwanted @entity384 causing @entity1 complaints of @entity717 after surgery. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated complete contact of the @entity16406 with the natural lens 24 hours postoperatively. @entity2790 were always within the normal limits. The instillation of 1% @entity14433 resulted in an increase in the @entity16406 vault that measured 132 mum 24 hours later. Three days after the completion of a 3-day course of topical 1% @entity14433 , the opacification was less dense and demarcated, and a 124-mum vault was measured. Three months postoperatively, the @entity231 was associated with a 3-line loss of BCVA and considerable degradation of the contrast sensitivity, especially at higher spatial frequencies and with a glare source, and corneal endothelial cell changes were within normal limits. One year after @entity16406 implantation, the right eye had to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, which were uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior chamber flattening with resulting crystalline lens opacification can occur immediately after the instillation of @entity2134 in an eye with a hyperopic @entity16406 . Therefore, caution should be taken with the administration of cholinergic agonists such as @entity2134 in @entity1 with phakic IOLs, at least if they are hyperopic ICLs.

title: Cataractous changes due to posterior chamber flattening with a posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens secondary to the administration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pupil dilation']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Serial IOP measurements']

entities_list: @entity14433 :: ('MESH:D003519', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopentolate']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glare disability']

entities_list: @entity16406 :: ('MESH:D060437', 'Disease') :: ['ICL', 'implantable collamer lens']

answer: @entity2134 :: (MESH:D010862,Chemical) :: ['pilocarpine']


abstract: A 36-year-old @entity1 admitted to our hospital because of @entity1183 in the left limbs and @entity425 in the right arm, and was subsequently given a diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord @entity3 from @entity2 . The @entity1 had @entity2220 with @entity3 to the brain, spine and lymph nodes. Occipital craniotomy, radiation therapy and chemotherapy were performed on the lesions in the year following June 1994. In June 1995, however, she complained of @entity1183 in the left limbs and @entity425 in the right arm. Compatible with her neurological manifestation, MRI demonstrated @entity5 in the right side of the cord at the spinal level of C3-4 and C7-Th1, both of which were of high density in T2-enhanced conditions with enhancement by @entity7241 . No invasion from spinal metastasis was detected by CT, scintigraphy or MRI. We therefore diagnosed her manifestation as @entity4889 caused by intramedullary spinal cord metastatic @entity2 . In order to avoid @entity451 and @entity409 of the bladder and bowel, radiation therapy of the cord lesions with total dose of 44 Gy was performed. Her neurologic manifestation was improved, restoring her quality of life, as the @entity5 size estimated by MRI decreased. Four months later, however, she died of @entity2220 that developed accompanied with @entity298 and multiple @entity3 .

title: [Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis of XXXX causing @entity4889 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'tumors of lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['severe peritonitis carcinomatosa']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of orthodontic expansion on graft area of a tissue-engineered bone (TEB) BMSCs/ @entity28687 , and to find an alternative strategy for the therapy of @entity2419 . A unilateral @entity2419 @entity235 model was established and then treated with BMSCs/ @entity28687 under rapid maxillary expansion (RME). Sequential fluorescent labeling, radiography and helical computed tomography were used to evaluate new bone formation and mineralization in the graft area. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and Van Gieson* s picro fuchsin staining were performed for histological and histomorphometric observation. ALP activity, mineralization and the expression of osteogenic differentiation related genes of BMSCs that grew on the @entity28687 scaffold were promoted by their cultivation in osteogenic medium. Based on fact, TEB was constructed. After 8 weeks of treatment with BMSCs/ @entity28687 followed by RME, new bone formation and mineralization of the @entity235 were markedly accelerated, and bone resorption was significantly reduced, compared with the untreated @entity235 , or those only treated with autogenous iliac bone. The treatment with both TEB and RME evidently made the bone trabecula more abundant and the area of bone formation larger. What is more, there were no significant differences between BMSCs/ @entity28687 group and the group treated with autogenous bone and RME. This study further revealed that TEB was not only a feasible clinical approach for @entity1 with @entity2419 , but also a potential substituent of autogenous bone, and its combination with RME might be an alternative strategy for the therapy of @entity2419 .

title: Rapid maxillary expansion in @entity2419 repaired with a tissue-engineered bone in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar cleft']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: The use of amputation in @entity242 has been decreasing at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) over the last 15 years. In an attempt to define the efficacy and future role of amputation in @entity242 , a prospective @entity242 database compiled at MSKCC from July 1982 to January 1990, consisting of 649 @entity1 , was analyzed in a retrospective fashion. Ninety-two @entity1 underwent amputation, and 557 had a limb-sparing procedure. @entity1 selected for amputation were those who had large (T greater than or equal to 5 cm) high-grade @entity5 that invaded major vascular or nervous structures. The amputation group achieved significantly better local control than the limb-sparing group (p = 0.007). No survival benefit could be demonstrated, however, in the groups selected for amputation (i.e., large, high-grade @entity5 ) when compared with @entity1 undergoing a limb-sparing procedure with similar @entity5 . Prevention of local recurrence by amputation also did not improve survival in this group compared with similar @entity1 undergoing limb-sparing surgery who did develop a local recurrence. The group of @entity1 with high-grade @entity5 10 cm or larger who received chemotherapy did have a significant improvement in survival (p = 0.01) compared with a similar group of @entity1 who did not receive chemotherapy, regardless of the type of operation. The prognosis of @entity1 most likely to undergo an amputation for @entity242 (those with high-grade, large @entity5 ) is not related to their local disease, but rather to the risk of distant metastases. Therefore, amputation in this cohort of @entity1 can be recommended only when a limb-sparing procedure cannot achieve gross resection of @entity5 while still preserving a useful extremity, because amputation improves only local control and does not address distant disease. Further improvement in survival in this group of @entity1 will be dependent on better systemic treatment for @entity242 , and not on more radical surgery.

title: Comparison of amputation with limb-sparing operations for adult soft tissue XXXX of the extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'extremity soft tissue sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In some @entity5 , isoforms of @entity1759 are overexpressed and soluble isoforms detectable in serum samples are elevated. In @entity135 ( @entity135 ) the alteration of @entity1759 isoforms could be associated with poor prognosis. A comprehensive study was undertaken to examine the value of CD44v6 as a @entity5 marker for @entity135 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Serum samples of @entity135 and healthy smokers were analyzed for soluble CD44v6 by ELISA. The expression of @entity1759 isoforms was determined by immunohistochemical staining of healthy and @entity6349 tissue. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the serum levels of sCD44v6 in @entity135 and healthy smokers. Nor was there a correlation between the serum level of sCD44v6 and UICC stage, TNM stage or histological grading. In tissue of primary @entity135 , expression of CD44v6 was found as a strong, specific staining of the lower epithelial layers. Similar amounts of CD44v6-positive-labelled @entity5 cells were found in @entity189 . CONCLUSION: Soluble CD44v6 is not a valuable @entity5 marker for @entity135 since the soluble form appears to be present in healthy smokers and does not reflect the stage of the disease.

title: Soluble CD44v6 is not a sensitive @entity5 marker in XXXX with head and neck squamous cell cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the @entity4294 ( @entity4294 ) for the repair of oral soft defects following @entity5 ablation. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 undergoing resection of @entity5 followed by reconstruction with @entity4294 from February 2010 to March 2013 were reviewed. The effectiveness complications, oral function recovering and oncologic outcomes after reconstructive operation with @entity4294 were evaluated.SPSS software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The dimensions of @entity4294 ranged from a minimum of 4 cm*6 cm to a maximum of 6 cm*15 cm. Of the 30 flaps, 28 were survival completely, one had superficial @entity39 but healed with treatments, and one failed due to complete @entity39 , with a survival rate of 96.7% (29/30). Operative time ranged from a minimum of 4.5 hours to a maximum of 7.5 hours, mean 6.8 hours, and hospital stay time was 11-18 days, mean 13 days. Thirteen @entity1 (43.3%) received tracheotomy before @entity4294 operation. Surgical or postoperative complications included temporary marginal mandibular never palsy in one case, neck @entity1410 in one case, @entity4 in the mandibular region in 7 cases, and neck infectionin in 2 cases. Postoperative functional results showed mouth opening was normal in 23 @entity1 , light limitation of mouth opening in 6 cases and obvious limitation of mouth opening in one case. The speech function was re-obtained satisfactorily in 29 @entity1 , but one case with poor speech function. Most @entity1 showed normal swallowing function, of them 26 @entity1 on a full oral diet, 3 @entity1 on a soft diet and one @entity1 on a liquid diet only. Postoperative follow-up time was for 6-19 months (median 13 months), and 4 @entity1 had local recurrence and 2 @entity1 had cervical lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The @entity4294 is safe, reliable and simple for the reconstruction of middle-small oral soft defects following resection of early-stage @entity5 .

title: [Submental island pedicled flap for reconstruction of oral soft defects after XXXX ablation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4294 :: ('MESH:D007516', 'Disease') :: ['SIPF', 'submental island pedicled flap']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper investigated the @entity353 ( @entity353 ) of @entity44047 (cis-DCE) (average influent 14.2  0.7 M) by a bioelectrochemical system (BES), in the presence of real contaminated groundwater containing high levels of @entity1507 and @entity597 . The BES enhanced both the @entity353 and competing reactions, such as @entity1507 and @entity597 reductions, which occurred with neither an external organic @entity505 source nor any inoculum other than the indigenous microbial consortia in the real groundwater. In preliminary batch tests, @entity353 and full @entity1507 removal occurred after a short lag phase, whereas @entity597 reduction occurred slowly and alongside the @entity353 . Under continuous flow conditions (hydraulic retention time, HRT, 1.4d), the competition of different electron acceptors was strongly affected by the cathodic potential in the range -550 to -750mV vs. standard @entity3884 electrode (SHE). @entity1507 reduction was driven to completion at all tested cathodic potentials, whereas @entity597 reduction and the @entity353 rate increased as the cathodic potential became more negative. At -750mV vs. SHE, strong methanogenesis was also observed and became the most important sink of electrons. The overall coulombic efficiency decreased while the potential became more negative. The @entity353 contribution was always less than 1%. Hence, greater energy consumption was required to obtain higher @entity353 rate and better conversion. Anodic oxidation was only observed at -750mV vs. SHE where almost 39% of residual @entity7398 (VC) was oxidized and the @entity597 was formed back from @entity3287 (further contributing to electric waste).

title: Influence of @entity1507 and XXXX reduction in the bioelectrochemically assisted dechlorination of cis-DCE.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['RD', 'reductive dechlorination']

entities_list: @entity7398 :: ('MESH:D014752', 'Chemical') :: ['vinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitrate', 'nitrate']

entities_list: @entity44047 :: ('CHEBI:28805', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-dichloroethylene']

entities_list: @entity3287 :: ('CHEBI:26822', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: The @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) ion channel blocker @entity3390 administered systemically or as a nanoliter injection into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), increases meal size. Furthermore, we have observed that ablation of the NTS abolishes increased meal size following systemic injection of @entity3390 ( @entity3390 ) and that @entity3390 -induced increases in intake are attenuated in @entity35 pretreated with @entity2951 to destroy small, unmyelinated, primary afferent neurons. These findings led us to hypothesize that @entity143 receptors on central vagal afferent terminals or on higher-order NTS neurons innervated by these vagal afferents might mediate increased food intake. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined 15% @entity969 intake after 50-nl @entity3390 injections ipsilateral or contralateral to unilateral nodose ganglion removal (ganglionectomy). On the side contralateral to ganglionectomy, vagal afferent terminals would be intact and functional, whereas ipsilateral to ganglionectomy vagal afferent terminals would be absent. Three additional control preparations also were included: 1) sham ganglionectomy and 2) subnodose vagotomy either contralateral or ipsilateral to NTS cannula placement. We found that @entity35 with subnodose vagotomies increased their @entity969 intake after injections of @entity3390 compared with saline, regardless of whether injections were made contralateral (12.6 +/- 0.2 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.3 ml) or ipsilateral (14.2 +/- 0.6 vs. 9.7 +/- 0.4 ml) to vagotomy. @entity35 with NTS cannula placements contralateral to nodose ganglionectomy also increased their intake after @entity3390 (12.2 +/- 0.9 and 9.2 +/- 1.1 ml for @entity3390 and saline, respectively). However, @entity35 with placements ipsilateral to ganglionectomy did not respond to @entity3390 (8.0 +/- 0.5 ml) compared with saline (8.3 +/- 0.4 ml). We conclude that central vagal afferent terminals are necessary for increased food intake in response to @entity143 ion channel blockade. The function of central vagal afferent processes or the activity of higher-order NTS neurons driven by vagal afferents may be modulated by @entity143 receptors to control meal size.

title: XXXX channels control meal size via central vagal afferent terminals.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1 with drug-refractory @entity955 , radiofrequency catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction and pacemaker implantation is a nonpharmacologic option routinely used nowadays. Few data are available on the long-term survival following the procedure or on evaluation of the risk factors for @entity204 in a large study cohort. METHODS: The @entity1 population included 359 subjects undergoing atrioventricular junction ablation and pacemaker insertion. Fourteen clinical and 9 ablation variables were collected at baseline. During a mean following-up of 40.8 +/- 25.6 months, 46 @entity1 died. Survival probability was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier methods. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to define predictors of @entity204 . RESULTS: Mean age was 64.6 +/- 10.6 years with 203 male (57.7%). Actuarial survival probability for the total @entity1 was 0.953 and 0.827 at 1 and 5 year. Four clinical variables, but no ablation variables, were found to be independent predictors of @entity204 : age > or =65 year (hazard ratio [HR], 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-3.69), the presence of @entity712 (HR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.87-7.86), coexisting @entity6 (HR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.47-5.77), and the value of fractional shortening < or =20% (HR, 5.79, 95% CI, 3.00-11.18). There were 20 deaths in 28 @entity1 with > or =3 risk factors and 4 deaths in 115 @entity1 with no risk factor. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity204 in @entity1 undergoing ablation and pacing can be identified by readily available clinical variables. @entity1 with multiple risk factors are associated with an increasing mortality.

title: Long-term survival following radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrioventricular junction for XXXX : clinical and ablation determinants of mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of S(3) Bond (Kuraray Corp., Japan) and G-Bond (GC Corp., Japan) all-in-one bonding agents, over 3 years in non-carious @entity75 (NCCLs). Ethics Committee approval was obtained, and 60 restorations were placed in 11 @entity1 aged 45-84 years (mean 60.5 years), using either Clearfil ST resin composite (Kuraray) and S(3) Bond or Gradia resin composite (GC) and G-Bond alternately, without @entity8718 etch on the uncut enamel margins. @entity1 were recalled at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, and photographs were taken for assessment of colour match and marginal discoloration. One @entity1 was not available at 3 years, resulting in 54 restorations being available for evaluation. One restoration of S(3)/Clearfil ST was lost at 2 years, giving retention rates of 97% for S(3) and 100% for G-Bond. At 3 years, six restorations for S(3)/Clearfil ST showed slight marginal discoloration and one restoration pronounced marginal staining. For G-Bond/Gradia at 3 years, 11 restorations exhibited slight marginal staining and one restoration pronounced marginal staining. Most restorations were bonded to sclerotic dentin. Statistical analysis of marginal staining showed no significant difference between the two restoration groups. The degree of marginal staining was almost identical for both materials and tended to be in larger restorations. Both S(3) and G-Bond all-in-one bonding systems appear to be good adhesives for the restoration of NCCL for the length of the current study. Restoration of NCCLs with the newer all-in-one adhesives appears to be a viable alternative technique to more complicated adhesive materials.

title: Comparison of two all-in-one adhesives bonded to non-carious XXXX --results at 3 years.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoric acid']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cervical lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I study in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity1311 using an extended weekly schedule. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 were treated with @entity1311 administered weekly over 3 hours for 6 weeks of an 8-week cycle. Doses were modified for granulocyte counts less than 1,800/microL or @entity2359 greater than grade I. Groups of three @entity1 were entered at each dose level. The dose was escalated to the next level if less than 50% of @entity1 developed unacceptable @entity137 and received more than 80% of the intended first-cycle dose. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were entered through six dose levels (100, 125, 135, 150, 175, and 200 mg/m2/wk). Four of six @entity1 at the 175-mg/m2 dose level and only one of six @entity1 at the 200-mg/m2 level received all scheduled doses of @entity1311 during cycle 1. @entity1398 was dose-limiting. Fourteen @entity1 were treated with subsequent cycles of @entity1311 . @entity16 developed in five of 24 @entity1 . It occurred more commonly with greater duration of therapy, but improved following dose reduction. Nine of 26 (35% +/- 10%) @entity1 demonstrated an objective response. CONCLUSION: The MTD of @entity1311 using a weekly schedule is 175 mg/m2/wk for 6 of 8 weeks. @entity1398 limits dosing acutely, but @entity16 is limiting with sustained therapy. This schedule of @entity1311 results in a twofold to threefold increase in dose-intensity with less @entity137 than anticipated from conventional dosing. Further evaluation of this schedule is warranted to assess efficacy and @entity137 of prolonged administration.

title: Phase I trial of weekly XXXX in advanced lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Grade II to III neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: The genetic factors that cause @entity8719 reduce susceptibility to @entity2346 media. BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to some @entity166 is modulated by host genetic factors. Genes that reduce the morbidity and mortality of @entity166 may confer a selective advantage and achieve high-frequency in at-risk populations. @entity697 media in the pre-antibiotic @entity7971 frequently led to complications with high morbidity and mortality. The long-term sequela of @entity697 is @entity102 media. @entity102 media has a prevalence of 0.5 to 2 percent in the Caucasian population. Clinical @entity8719 occurs in 1 percent of Caucasians. @entity15803 occurs in 10 percent of Caucasians. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 2,362 subjects with surgically confirmed @entity8719 . Subjects' medical records were reviewed for evidence of @entity102 media. The incidence of @entity102 media in the general population was compared with the subject population. RESULTS: Of the 2,362 subjects with surgically confirmed @entity8719 , one subject with evidence of @entity102 media was identified. The incidence of @entity102 media in the subject population is 0.04 percent (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity102 media in subjects with a surgically confirmed diagnosis of @entity8719 is significantly lower than expected. The genes that cause @entity8719 may confer resistance to the pathogens that cause @entity102 media and/or @entity697 . The mechanism of resistance is unknown.

title: Do the genes that cause @entity8719 reduce susceptibility to XXXX media?

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'Acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15803 :: ('MESH:D009370', 'Disease') :: ['Histologic otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic otitis', 'chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: We present a large @entity241 on a 52 years-old @entity1 's back that was successfully treated with transcatheter @entity1416 and radiofrequency ablation. The @entity5 developed on her back at the age of 14. Surgical treatment was not complete, and it relapsed at age 17 and again at age 24. The @entity5 enlarged to over 20x20x10 cm and flooded intermittently. The @entity5 cells with atypical nuclei were @entity2280 positive and proliferated in a storiform pattern. These findings were compatible with @entity241 . She was treated with blood transfusion for severe @entity417 . Two large feeding arteries were embolized, and the bottom of the @entity5 was treated with radiofrequency ablation. The @entity5 reduced in volume by more than 50%. It was then surgically removed and reconstructed with a free mesh skin graft. The combination pretreatment enabled radical resections of a large @entity241 without severe complications.

title: A case of a large XXXX successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation and transcatheter @entity1416 .

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans', 'DFSP']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

answer: @entity241 :: (MESH:D018223,Disease) :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans']


abstract: Introduction: The treatment of @entity1778 has improved substantially over the last decades and now 65-75% of the @entity1 recover. With increasing number of survivors it is important to know the long-term and late effects of @entity1778 and @entity1778 treatment. @entity1 : Of the 31 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1778 in Iceland from 1981 to 1990, twenty were enrolled in the study. Average age at enrollment was16 years and 8 months (16:8) and average time since treatment ended was 8:3. Methods: The study was carried out at the @entity1 's Hospital at the University Hospital Iceland where @entity1 were examined and data was gathered on height, weight, hearing, cognitive functions, bloodvalues, immunoglobulins and @entity1578 and respiratory functions. Results: The @entity1 studied were on average 0.48 standard deviations below target height and their body-mass index was higher at the time of study than at diagnosis. Two @entity1 had @entity3885 . No abnormalities were found in complete blood count nor heart, @entity8 . Two @entity1 were found to have impaired hearing not attributable to @entity13378 . In some cases abnormal values were found in immunoglobulin classes and 12 @entity1 had decreased serum IgG2. Six needed remedial reading lessons. Three @entity1 needed hormone replacement therapy. Discussion: Minor impact on height and weight was found but the effects on lungs and hearing were inconclusive. Despite markedly decreased serum IgG2 the @entity1 were not more prone to infections. The most obvious effects were on the endocrine system and performance at school. We conclude that the sequelae of @entity1778 treatment in Iceland are significant and long-lasting, underlining the necessity of a careful long-term follow-up.

title: [Late and long-term effects of XXXX treatment in childhood.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver or kidney functions']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obvious obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['renal, endocrine, heart, liver']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: @entity2 remains the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 among @entity1 and @entity1 in the civilized world. Although there have been major improvements over the recent decades in surgical techniques and the role of chemotherapy-radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), the long-term outlook for these @entity1 has not changed significantly. The median survival for @entity1 with advanced-stage @entity1149 treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy is a disappointing 8-10 months. In current clinical practice, chemotherapy is used as a combined modality with radiotherapy as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy. Moreover, combination chemotherapy is regarded as the standard care in the treatment of unresectable locally advanced (stage IIIb), metastatic (stage IV), or recurrent disease. The recent developments in the treatment of @entity1149 have been focused on the emerging role of adjuvant therapy in the early stages of @entity1149 . The clinical activity of pemetrexed, a multitargeted antifolate anticancer agent, as a second-line chemotherapy agent and the impact of new biological agents, such as bevacizumab and @entity3866 , have been investigated in phase III trials in the first- and second-line setting. Even though these options have been available in the last few years, there is a clear need for improvement in the current standard of care. No definite survival benefit has yet been demonstrated. An abundant amount of research is still required in the field of @entity2 therapy with well-designed clinical trials and appropriate @entity1 selection.

title: Developments in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: This study extends our previous work in which we described the presence of an interictal behavioral disturbance in a chronic animal model of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). In this study, we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter changes underlying the development of chronic recurrent @entity410 of temporal lobe origin and interictal behavioral disturbance in @entity468 made @entity302 after intrahippocampal injection of @entity4176 (KA). Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we measured 22 putative neurotransmitter @entity1522 . After intrahippocampal KA injection, @entity468 developed an initial acute period of intense @entity410 activity. Cisternal CSF @entity1522 , which were repeatedly sampled during the acute period through a permanent indwelling cannula, were unchanged apart from a mild elevation in CSF @entity493 . The high-level @entity410 activity gradually decreased, and @entity468 entered a chronic @entity302 period characterized by recurrent yet intermittent temporal lobe @entity410 . CSF @entity1246 levels during the chronic @entity302 period were significantly decreased. In contrast, CSF levels of other @entity1522 -- @entity493 , @entity669 , @entity2226 , @entity2574 , and @entity367 --did not change significantly. Behavioral testing also showed a heightened interictal defensive reactivity during the chronic @entity302 period. To the extent that CSF @entity1246 concentration reflects brain @entity1246 concentration, this study suggests that a decrease in brain @entity1246 may contribute both to the @entity302 and @entity2777 of animals with a chronic @entity410 disorder of temporal lobe origin.

title: Interictal behavioral alterations and cerebrospinal fluid amino acid changes in a chronic XXXX model of @entity1315 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2777 :: ('MESH:D005166', 'Disease') :: ['interictal emotional lability']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: AIM: To examine the effect of @entity2196 gene transfer on survival of corneal endothelial cells (EC) following challenge with @entity273 ( @entity274 ) in an ex vivo model of oxidative stress. METHODS: A recombinant adenovirus vector (AdCL) was used to transfer @entity1 @entity2196 cDNA into EC of whole thickness @entity95 corneas ex vivo. The resulting @entity2196 protein concentration was measured in corneal lysates by ELISA; @entity2196 functional activity in lysates was determined using a @entity274 activity assay. To examine the morphological effects of @entity2196 gene transfer in modulation of @entity274 induced injury, transduced corneas were maintained in ex vivo culture and challenged with @entity274 . Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to image EC injury. Cell density, cell morphology, and ratios of viable to @entity39 cells were determined. RESULTS: Following incubation with AdCL, @entity2196 expression reached maximum at 5-7 days. Corneas transduced with AdCL showed increased EC cell survival following challenge with @entity274 on day 3 when compared to null vector control or mock infected corneas. CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo @entity2196 gene transfer can protect EC from death mediated by @entity274 . This gene based approach to the protection of corneal endothelium from oxidative stress may have application in prevention of EC loss in pathological conditions in which @entity274 is involved and in ex vivo donor corneal storage before transplantation.

title: Modulation of @entity273 induced injury to corneal endothelium by virus mediated XXXX gene transfer.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity2196 :: (847,Gene) :: ['catalase']


abstract: The prognostic significance of multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression is controversial. We investigated whether @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity31258 ( @entity31258 ) and lung resistance protein ( @entity30926 ) mRNA expression are associated with outcomes in @entity3052 @entity1 . At diagnosis we examined @entity1262 , @entity31258 and @entity30926 mRNA expression in bone marrow samples from 71 @entity3052 @entity1 (39 myeloid, 32 lymphoblastic) using nested RT-PCR. The expression of each of these genes was then expressed as a ratio in relation to @entity217 gene expression, and the three genes were categorized as being either 0, 1+, 2+ or 3+. @entity1262 , @entity31258 and @entity30926 mRNA expression was detected in 23.9%, 83.1% and 45.1 %, respectively. @entity30926 mRNA expression was significantly associated with resistance to induction chemotherapy in @entity3052 @entity1 , and in the AML proportion (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). @entity31258 and high @entity1262 mRNA expression was associated with poorer 2-yr survival (p=0.049 and p=0.04, respectively). @entity1 expressing both @entity31258 and @entity30926 mRNA had poorer outcomes and had worse 2-yr survival. The present data suggest that MDR expression affects complete remission and survival rates in @entity3052 @entity1 . Thus, determination of MDR gene expression at diagnosis appears likely to provide useful prognostic information for @entity3052 @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ), @entity31258 ( @entity31258 ) and lung resistance protein ( @entity30926 ) mRNA expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1262 :: ('5243', 'Gene') :: ['MDR1', 'multidrug resistance gene 1']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity31258 :: ('84798', 'Gene') :: ['MRP', 'multidrug resistance-related protein']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute leukemia']