abstract: Patterns of @entity397 of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee are most probably determined by mechanical factors. An experimental study was designed to determine patterns of @entity397 of the anterior cruciate ligament in immature (young) and fully mature (adult) @entity1707 models. Two different methods were used to test disruption forces in young and adult @entity1707 knee specimens: quasi-static tension at three different rates using the Instron testing instrument (1000), and impact loading using a specially designed machine. A total of 118 @entity1707 test knees was studied. Greater @entity397 force was required in the adult @entity1707 than in the young @entity1707 . In addition, @entity397 force was higher with impact loading test than with quasi-static tensile test. In the young @entity1707 , @entity155 @entity174 occurred most commonly in both tests. In the adult @entity1707 , however, mid-substance disruption occurred with quasi-static tensile test and bony @entity155 occurred with impact loading test. Patterns of disruption in @entity1707 models varies with the relative maturity of the animals tested and mode of force application. A possible explanation for this is the relative strength of the bone and ligament in animals of varied maturity.

title: [An experimental study on mechanism of cruciate ligament XXXX especially on the effect of mechanical property and tensile speed].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The vascular effect of @entity6710 ( @entity29101 ), a product of @entity224 anion and @entity842 , in isolated @entity235 coronary arteries bathed in a 10 mM @entity48667 -buffered physiological salt solution (pH 7.4) was investigated. @entity29101 - was synthesized from @entity3542 and @entity5568 in a quenched-flow reactor. Addition of 0.01 to 30 microM @entity29101 - produced a rapid, dose-dependent relaxation in all 17 rings of coronary arteries with a threshold concentration of 0.1 microM, IC50 of 1.0 +/- 0.1 microM and Emax of -96 +/- 0.5% (Means +/- S.E.M.). Incubation of arteries in a standard @entity3157 -buffered Krebs-Henseleit solution decreased slightly the sensitivity of @entity29101 - relaxation but did not alter the maximum effect (Emax = -97 +/- 1.1, n = 6 vessels). The @entity29101 -induced coronary relaxation was reversible upon washing, and was also reproducible with repeated testings in the same ring. Mechanical removal of intimal endothelium did not alter the observed relaxant effect. Addition of @entity224 dismutase (100 U/ml) potentiated the @entity29101 - relaxation by shifting the dose-response curve to the left (IC50 = 0.4 +/- 0.1 microM, P < .05, n = 17), whereas 3 microM hemoglobin inhibited it by shifting the curve to the right (IC50 = 20 +/- 4 microM, P < .05, n = 15). Relaxation was also observed with higher concentrations of @entity11495 and decomposed @entity29101 -, although the time course of the development of these relaxations was considerably slower and with reduced sensitivity. In addition, @entity224 dismutase had no effect on the latter relaxation responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity6710 , a product of XXXX and @entity842 , produces coronary vasorelaxation in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity48667 :: ('MESH:C410687', 'Chemical') :: ['4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identification of overall and site-specific rates of @entity580 in @entity1398 @entity1 with @entity5 and associated pathogens. DESIGN: Cumulative continuous prospective surveillance over a 42-month period. @entity281 in @entity1398 @entity1 (absolute neutrophil counts < 1,000/mm3) were developed, and surveillance was carried out by a certified infection control nurse and a senior oncology research fellow. SETTING: A @entity5 research center with two designated oncology nursing units. @entity1 : @entity1398 @entity1 with hematological and solid @entity5 undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with and without autologous bone marrow transplantation. All @entity1 admitted to both of the units during the study period were surveyed. Those who developed @entity1398 are included in this report. RESULTS: A total of 444 @entity580 were identified in 920 @entity1398 @entity1 during 9,582 days of @entity1398 for an overall rate of 48.3 per 100 @entity1398 @entity1 , or 46.3 per 1,000 days at risk. The rate of @entity281 per 100 @entity1398 @entity1 was 13.5 (gram-positive, 9.2; gram-negative, 4.8; and Candida 1.2). Other site-specific rates were: urinary tract, 5.7; respiratory tract, 5.5; thrush, 6.6; skin, 3.4; and gastrointestinal tract, 3.4. Among 392 pathogens identified, there were 137 (35%) gram-positive cocci, 105 (27%) gram-negative rods, 70 (18%) Candida, 37 (9%) gram-positive rods, 22 (6%) viruses, and 15 (4%) Aspergillus. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of both overall and site-specific @entity580 in @entity1398 @entity1 is high. @entity1398 is a significant intrinsic risk factor that should be addressed in surveillance programs. Infection control and infectious diseases practitioners may need to modify techniques for surveillance, control, and management of infection in this population.

title: @entity580 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'Criteria and definitions of infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia', 'neutropenic', 'Neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection', 'nosocomial infections']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neutropenic cancer']


abstract: Reduced-intensity conditioning has extended the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to @entity1 otherwise not eligible for this treatment due to older age or frailty. One hundred twelve @entity3052 / @entity2590 @entity1 received @entity3118 and @entity3601 (FM) conditioning with allogeneic HSCT. Most @entity1 (73%) were not in remission. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 and mini-methotrexate. Median age was 55 years (range, 22-74). Donors were related (53%) and unrelated (47%). Median follow-up of surviving @entity1 (n = 43) was 29.4 months (range, 13.1-87.7). The complete remission (CR) rate was 82%. Estimates of 2-year survival were 66%, 40%, and 23% for @entity1 in CR, with @entity66 without and with circulating blasts at HSCT, respectively. In multivariate analysis, survival was negatively influenced by @entity66 at HSCT and development of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 . Presence of circulating blasts at HSCT negatively influenced freedom from disease progression. Incidence of nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was significantly higher for @entity1 with @entity66 , but was not influenced by @entity1 age. @entity1 in CR had a day-100 and 2-year NRM of 0% and 20%, respectively. Use of unrelated donors increased the risk of NRM only among @entity1 with @entity66 . FM and HSCT elicited long-term disease control in a significant fraction of this high-risk cohort.

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of high-risk @entity3052 and @entity2590 using reduced-intensity conditioning with XXXX and melphalan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['active disease']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: We investigated left ventricular (LV) early diastolic filling in 10 normal conscious @entity235 that had been previously instrumented to measure LV and left @entity955 and three orthogonal LV internal dimensions. LV volume was calculated as a general ellipsoid. The pressure within a passive structure increases as it is filled. If myocardial relaxation is rapid enough to substantially aid LV diastolic filling, it may overcome this effect and cause LV pressure to fall despite an increase in volume. Thus, we defined the amount of LV filling that occurred while LV pressure was falling as relaxation filling, which is a measure of the importance of LV relaxation during early diastolic filling. The time constant of relaxation (T) was derived from the exponential fall of LV pressure during isovolumic relaxation. While LV pressure was falling early in diastole (the relaxation filling period), all three LV diameters increased. Autonomic blockade with @entity4033 (5 mg/kg) and @entity3897 (0.1 mg/kg) reduced relaxation filling from 21 +/- 6% (mean +/- SD) to 12 +/- 3% of the @entity64 volume (p less than 0.01). The mean LA pressure also was significantly decreased (from 12 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05), while the duration of the relaxation filling period and T were unchanged. Positive inotropic stimulation with @entity452 (10 micrograms/kg/min) shortened T without changing LA pressure. The maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, and relaxation filling all increased. Augmented preload produced by dextran infusion (500 ml/10 min) caused an increase in LA pressure (from 11 +/- 3 to 21 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) without altering T. This also increased the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, and relaxation filling. Augmented afterload produced by @entity7202 (10 mg/3 min i.v.) significantly increased LA pressure (from 9 +/- 4 to 15 +/- 10 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and lengthened T (from 35 +/- 4 to 50 +/- 7 msec, p less than 0.05) and the duration of relaxation filling (from 36 +/- 5 to 44 +/- 9 msec, p less than 0.01) without altering the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient, dV/dtmax, or LV relaxation filling. Incremental changes in heart rate induced by atrial pacing (from 100-180 beats/min) resulted in progressive decreases in the time constant of LV relaxation and the duration of relaxation filling. The LA pressure was also decreased. There was no corresponding increase in the amount of active LV filling until the heart rate reached 180 beats/min. During all these interventions, T correlated with the duration of LV relaxation filling (r = 0.99. p less than 0.05). The amount of relaxation filling and dV/dtmax both correlated with the maximum LA-LV pressure gradient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of loading conditions, contractile state, and heart rate on early diastolic left ventricular filling in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial (LA) pressures']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1994 (v-akt @entity19 thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1) kinase is one of the most frequently activated proliferated and survival pathway of @entity5 . Recently it has been shown that @entity29837 mutation in the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain of @entity1994 protein leads to @entity5 by amplifying the phosphorylation and membrane localization of protein. The mutant has shown resistance to @entity46845 inhibitor VIII drug molecule. In this study we have demonstrated the detailed structural and molecular consequences associated with the activity regulation of mutant protein. METHODS: The docking score exhibited significant loss in the interaction affinity to @entity46845 inhibitor VIII drug molecule. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulation studies presented an evidence of rapid conformational drift observed in mutant structure. RESULTS: There was no stability loss in mutant as compared to native structure and the major cation-   interactions were also shown to be retained. Moreover, the active residues involved in membrane localization of protein exhibited significant rise in NHbonds formation in mutant. The rise in NHbond formation in active residues accounts for the 4-fold increase in the membrane localization potential of protein. CONCLUSION: The overall result suggested that, although the mutation did not induce any stability loss in structure, the associated pathological consequences might have occurred due to the rapid conformational drifts observed in the mutant @entity1994 PH domain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: The methodology implemented and the results obtained in this work will facilitate in determining the core molecular mechanisms of @entity5 -associated mutations and in designing their potential drug inhibitors.

title: Cancer associated XXXX mutation causes rapid conformational drift in @entity1994 pleckstrin homology (PH) domain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity29837 :: ('p|SUB|E|17|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E17K']

answer: @entity29837 :: (p|SUB|E|17|K,ProteinMutation) :: ['E17K']


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) form a distinct hemopoietic lineage of specialist antigen-presenting cells (APC) with unique abilities to stimulate a primary T lymphocyte response in vitro. In vivo data indicate that the interstitial DC in allografted tissue likewise stimulate an allogeneic response. DC express a range of adhesion molecules which are relevant to their interaction with T lymphocytes including @entity2071 , a ligand for T lymphocyte @entity1453 . The T lymphocyte @entity1453 interaction with its DC ligand(s) plays a major role in DC-mediated activation of allogeneic T lymphocytes. This study details the expression of @entity2071 and @entity10985 , a ligand for @entity1453 , on cells of the DC lineage and examines their contribution to the DC-stimulated MLR response. Sensitive immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase studies using newly available anti- @entity10985 reagents failed to detect @entity10985 or @entity2071 on skin Langerhans cells, liver, and kidney interstitial DC. Isolated blood and tonsil DC were @entity2071 and weakly @entity10985 positive. Functional studies with CBR-IC2/2, an antibody known to block @entity10985 binding to @entity1453 , did not have a significant inhibitory effect on the DC-stimulated allogeneic MLR. Likewise we were again unable to show a major role for @entity2071 in these DC-T cell interactions. These results suggest that other DC ligands for @entity1453 , perhaps @entity20394 , may be present on DC and act as the major functional ligand for T cell activation.

title: XXXX ( @entity10985 ) expression on human dendritic cells.

answer: @entity10985 :: (3384,Gene) :: ['Intercellular adhesion molecule-2']


abstract: Alloarthroplasty of the hip joint in the elderly has improved significantly the outcome of @entity2249 . The indication for a hip replacement is based on the biological age of the @entity1 and the type of @entity174 . In our hospital in a 5-years period (1996-2000) we treated operatively 305 @entity1 with @entity2249 (248 medial, 57 lateral). Of these, 239 @entity1 received a endoprosthesis (190 total hip joint replacements, 49 hemialloarthroplasty). The other 66 @entity1 (most of them younger @entity1 ) were treated by osteosynthesis. The complication rate of the endoprosthetic hip replacement was low; five @entity1410 / @entity2080 and two @entity281 had to be treated operatively. In 21 @entity1 (8.79%) we saw hip luxation; 17 could be treated by closed and four by open reduction. Reluxation was found in nine of these 21 @entity1 . Only two @entity1 (both over 80 years old) died between the first 2 postoperative weeks. Eighty percent of the @entity1 were able to walk, half of them alone or with help outside their homes. Fifteen percent of the @entity1 could be mobilized in a wheel chair; only 5% were confined to bed. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of @entity2249 in older @entity1 , the cemented hip endoprosthesis is the method of choice.

title: [Endoprosthesis in medial XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infections']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12047 is a cestode whose larval stage causes @entity8434 in wild animals, livestock, and @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to highlight the seroepidemiology of @entity12047 @entity281 and surgical cases in the general population of Khorram @entity23643 district, southwest of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anti-E. granulosus antibodies were tested in 617 inhabitants in Khorram @entity23643 by enzyme-linked immunoassay and antigen B. The surgical cases of @entity8434 were investigated in Shohaday-e-Ashayer Hospital of Khorram @entity23643 (as a referral center) from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS: In total, 95 (15.4%) of the 617 @entity1 (mean age 39.6    17.6 years) had anti-E. granulosus antibodies. Prevalence of @entity281 was more in males (60%) than females (40%), and showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). High-titer antibodies were most prevalent among the subjects aged 20-29 years. There was significant association between the presence of @entity12047 antibodies and the sector of residence, education of volunteers, and occupation (P < 0.05). According to hospital records, 58 @entity8434 cases were referred to the hospital during the 5 years. Among the cases, 28 (48.3%) were @entity1 and 30 (51.7%) were @entity1 . They were between 4 and 74 years of age (36.6    18.9 years). The liver was the organ where most of the hydatid cysts (51.7%) were located, followed by lungs (20.7%). CONCLUSION: This is the first report of the seroprevalence and contributing factors for @entity12047 @entity281 in the general population in Khorram @entity23643 . The findings confirm the importance of diagnosing @entity1 @entity8434 in these regions, given the prevalence rates of surgical cases during the last 5 years, and need further evaluation of the risk factors present.

title: The serological study of @entity8434 and assessment of surgical cases during 5 years (2007-2011) in Khorram XXXX , Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['E. granulosus', 'Echinococcus', 'Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity23643 :: (3028,Gene) :: ['Abad']


abstract: Changes in intracellular @entity460 content and energy production during the period of @entity519 appear to be necessary for the development of cellular injury. @entity3739 red, a hexavalent dye which inhibits the active uptake of @entity460 by mitochondria, might improve a cell's energy status thereby minimizing @entity130 . @entity35 heart tissue was perfused retrogradely with Krebs-Henseleit medium containing 2.5 mM @entity460 and 10 mM @entity413 . The infusion of 0.1, 1.0 or 1.24, but not 0.01 microM, @entity3739 red throughout 60 min of @entity519 and 30 min of reoxygenation decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the release of @entity880 dehydrogenase normally seen at reoxygenation. When the infusion of 1.24 microM @entity3739 red was begun after 45 min of @entity519 , @entity880 dehydrogenase release at reoxygenation after 60 min of @entity519 was decreased, but to a lesser extent than when this agent was present throughout @entity519 . @entity3739 red, 1.24 microM, had no significant effects on coronary flow or function in oxygenated heart tissue. When present throughout @entity519 and reoxygenation, 1.24 microM @entity3739 red prevented the decrease in coronary flow normally seen and allowed recovery of heart rate, +dP/dT, -dP/dT and work (defined as the product of developed pressure and heart rate) to normal levels. Significant functional protection was not evident at reoxygenation when @entity3739 red was infused after 45 min of @entity519 or in the absence of @entity413 . Cardiac @entity855 , @entity1734 and energy charge were decreased after 60 min of @entity519 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection against @entity130 in isolated-perfused XXXX heart by @entity3739 red.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium', 'Ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unilateral posterior tibial nerve stimulation has been shown to improve @entity1241 in the short term. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation is believed to work by stimulation of the ascending afferent spinal pathways. Bilateral stimulation may activate more of these pathways. This may lead to an improved therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for @entity1241 . DESIGN: This was a single-group pilot prospective study. SETTING: The study was conducted from June 2012 to September 2012 at the authors' institution. @entity1 : Twenty @entity1 with @entity1241 were recruited consecutively. Conservative therapy had failed to improve the @entity1241 in all 20 @entity1 . INTERVENTION: All @entity1 received 30 minutes of daily bilateral stimulation for 6 weeks. The bilateral stimulation was administered by each @entity1 at home. No further stimulation was given after 6 weeks, and the @entity1 were followed up until their symptoms returned to the prestimulation state (baseline). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measure was a change in the frequency of incontinent @entity2749 per week. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 completed 6 weeks of treatment. Two @entity1 achieved complete continence. Ten (59%) achieved a >= 50% reduction in frequency of incontinent @entity2749 . Overall, there was a significant reduction in median (interquartile range) frequency of incontinent @entity2749 per week of 6 (8.25) to 2 (7.25) (p = 0.03). There was a significant improvement in the ability to defer defecation from 3 (4) to 5 (8) minutes (p = 0.03). There was no change in the St Mark's @entity322 score. One domain of the Rockwood @entity1241 quality-of-life score and of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 score improved significantly. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by its small size and its lack of blinding and control. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation appears to be a cheap and effective treatment for @entity1241 . It can easily be used by the @entity1 at home.

title: Bilateral transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2336 syndrome/ @entity2335 (BPS/IC) is a @entity102 with a significant impact on quality of life. A broad range of therapies are used to treat this condition, and @entity1 are often excluded from receiving more expensive and more effective therapies because of cost issues. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the mid- and long-term costs (over 1, 5 and 10  years) of various therapies for BPS/IC. METHODS: Costs in an open-access health system (Austria) for three BPS/IC-specific therapies (intravesical hyaluronan, @entity11286 and @entity3659 ), taken from the American Urological Association guidelines, were evaluated and compared with those of non-specific symptomatic therapies. Response rates for the different therapies were taken from peer-reviewed publications and used to define the need for therapy maintenance with regard to symptom improvement. RESULTS: Despite the highest initial costs, the reduced need for further therapy in @entity1 with long-term symptom remission after hyaluronan therapy resulted in the lowest total treatment costs at all three timepoints. Hyaluronan was cost saving against all alternatives in standard assumptions and in all sensitivity analyses. As a limitation, treatment costs in this study are specific for Austria. However, the template used for calculation of treatment costs can be transferred to all countries by inserting local prices. CONCLUSION: Disease-specific therapies with high remission rates result in significantly lower long-term costs in BPS/IC. Non-specific symptomatic therapies are most expensive. Long-term cost effectiveness is crucial in the treatment of @entity102 to limit expenses in individual healthcare systems.

title: Treatment costs of @entity2336 syndrome/ XXXX in Austria: a pharmacoeconomic approach following current guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2336 :: ('MESH:D018856', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder pain']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial cystitis']

answer: @entity2335 :: (MESH:D003556,Disease) :: ['interstitial cystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The independent effect of race on response to treatment and prognosis in @entity978 is unclear. METHODS: The study included 9482 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity978 reported by 1084 different hospitals and institutions in the United States. The independent effect of race on response to treatment and recurrence was estimated using the logistic model. Cox proportional hazard model was applied to determine the independent effect of race and other covariables on risk of @entity204 . RESULTS: Complete remission occurred in more white @entity1 (67.3%) than black @entity1 (58.2%). Recurrences were reported more often in black @entity1 than in white @entity1 (40.3% and 30.9% respectively). Controlling for confounding variables, race has a significant independent effect on remission and recurrence (P < 0.05). In the first 5 years after diagnosis of @entity978 , the @entity1 age at diagnosis, clinical stage, and histologic type were significant predictors for the risk of @entity204 . At 5-10 years after a diagnosis of @entity978 , age, clinical stage, and race of the @entity1 were found to be significant risk factors (whites versus blacks: RR = 0.56; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Race is a significant predictor for remission, recurrence and @entity978 . Black @entity1 have a more unfavorable prognosis than do white @entity1 .

title: Early and late survival in XXXX living in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['survival in Hodgkin disease', 'Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease among whites and blacks']


abstract: Symptomatic @entity8480 ( @entity8480 ) @entity2720 is poorly understood. The literature provides no clear aetiology for @entity8480 joint pathology, making evaluation and diagnosis challenging. We hypothesised that @entity1 with documented @entity158 might provide insight into the aetiology of these symptoms. Specifically, we questioned whether @entity2720 might be associated with abnormal hip radiographs. We reviewed the pelvic and hip radiographs of a prospectively collected cohort of 30 consecutive @entity1 with @entity8480 joint pathology. This database included 33 hips from 30 @entity1 . Radiographic analysis included measurements of the lateral centre edge angle, T  nnis angle, and the triangular index, of the ipsilateral hip. Evidence for retrotorsion of the hemipelvis was recorded. Hips were graded on the T  nnis grading system for hip @entity4040 . In this cohort 14/33 (42%) of hips had evidence of significant @entity571 indicated by T  nnis grade 2 or greater and 15/33 (45%) displayed @entity2001 formation around the hip or head neck junction. In assessing acetabular anatomy, 21% (7/33) had retroversion, 12% (4/33) had a lateral centre edge angle >40   with 3% (1/33) >45  . T  nnis angle was <0   in 27% (9/33). Coxa profunda and acetabuli protrusio were present in 47% (17/33) and 3% (1/33), respectively. When femoral head morphology was assessed, 33% (11/33) showed evidence of cam impingement. Overall, 76% (25/33) had at least one abnormality on their hip radiograph. A significant number of @entity1 meeting strict diagnostic criteria for @entity8480 joint @entity158 had radiographic evidence of @entity1743 ( @entity1743 ) and hip @entity4040 . The clinician should maintain @entity1743 in the differential diagnosis when investigating @entity1 with @entity158 .

title: Symptomatic @entity2720 and radiographic evidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8480 :: ('MESH:C563037', 'Disease') :: ['SI', 'sacroiliac']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthrosis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'FAI']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral cyst']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'sacroiliac pain', 'buttock pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['SI joint symptoms', 'joint disease']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['femoroacetabular impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neural blockade of the thoracolumbar nerves supplying the anterior abdominal wall through transversus abdominis plane (TAP) has been investigated for different applications mainly for the acute @entity158 management following abdominal surgical procedures. The role of this block for @entity1118 syndromes is still to be discovered, and its value in chronic @entity490 needs to be studied. We are presenting new application of the TAP technique for management of chronic @entity490 using the continuous infusion. CASE REPORT: We present a case of an 18-year-old @entity1 who underwent an uneventful laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Postoperatively, @entity1 complained of @entity1118 at the site of the surgery. All diagnostic and imaging studies were negative for a surgical or a medical cause. Multiple interventions including epidural blocks, transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation, and celiac plexus blocks had failed to relieve the @entity158 . After discussion with the @entity1 about the diagnostic nature of the procedure and the likelihood of recurrence of @entity158 , TAP block was performed on the right side with significant improvement of @entity158 for about 24 hours. The degree of @entity158 relief experienced by the @entity1 was very dramatic, which encouraged us to proceed with an indwelling TAP catheter to allow for continuous infusion of a local anesthetic. The @entity1 was sent home with the continuous infusion through a TAP catheter for 2 weeks. From the day of catheter insertion and up to 9 months of follow-up, @entity1 had marked improvement of her @entity158 level as well as her functional status and ability to perform her daily activities, after which our acute @entity158 team stopped following the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A successful TAP block confirmed the peripheral (somatic) source of the @entity490 and provided temporary analgesia after which an indwelling catheter was inserted, which provided prolonged @entity158 relief.

title: Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane catheter for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain', 'abdominal pain syndrome']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: The molecular genetic changes reported in @entity150 can be classified as primary and secondary aberrations. Primary molecular alterations may be defined as those directly related to the genesis of @entity5 . These are frequently found as the sole abnormality and often associated with particular @entity5 . We describe primary abnormalities as having a dual nature: those events involved in the production of low grade/well differentiated @entity5 , which would destabilise cellular proliferation but have minimal or no effects on cellular "social" interactions or differentiation or on rate of cell death or apoptosis; and others leading to high grade/poorly differentiated @entity5 , which would disrupt growth control, including cell cycle and apoptosis regulation and have a major impact on cellular differentiation. There is evidence that a target site(s) for a primary event(s) in low grade @entity150 may reside on chromosome 9. However, a candidate for the initiation of high grade, flat @entity2735 has not been yet elucidated. Novel approaches utilizing tissue microdissection techniques and molecular genetic assays are needed to shed light on this subject. Secondary genetic or @entity854 may be fortuitous or may determine the biological behaviour of the @entity5 . @entity74 are identified in most @entity1 @entity5 studied, including @entity150 . The accumulation, rather than the order, of these genetic alterations is the critical factor that grants synergetic activity. In this regard, it is noteworthy that most of the altered genes act upon the two recognized critical growth and senescence pathways, @entity876 and @entity995 . There is a major requirement for well designed, randomized, prospective trials evaluating the strongest candidate markers in order to validate many reported exploratory studies. Although great enthusiasm exists with the application of various @entity5 makers in the management of @entity150 , concrete clinical recommendations must be tempered at this time. As with @entity1613 , the discrepancies that exist between clinical investigators regarding the significance of identifying such morphological changes have imposed crucial limitations. Another drawback has been the confusing nomenclature utilized and the lack of reproducibility in interpretation of morphological criteria. Molecular analyses utilizing well characterized @entity1613 , including @entity1141 samples, need to be pursued. This in turn may provide the needed information to realise the clinical relevance of detecting genetic instability, as well as molecular or epigenetic alterations, in otherwise morphologically normal appearing urothelium and @entity1613 . The need now is to translate the newly developed scientific information into diagnostic and prognostic strategies, which in turn will prolong @entity1 survival and quality of life.

title: Molecular alterations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['epigenetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary superficial bladder tumours', 'bladder neoplasms', 'bladder cancer', 'bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple molecular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic conditions', 'preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the use of a bladder ultrasound scanner in achieving a better reproducible @entity1494 during irradiation of @entity530 , specifically @entity263 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: First, the accuracy of the bladder ultrasound scanner relative to computed tomography was validated in a group of 26 @entity1 . Next, daily bladder volume variation was evaluated in a group of 18 @entity1 . Another 16 @entity1 participated in a biofeedback protocol, aiming at a more constant bladder volume. The last objective was to study correlations between prostate motion and @entity1494 , by using electronic portal imaging device data on implanted gold markers. RESULTS: A strong correlation between bladder scanner volume and computed tomography volume (r = 0.95) was found. Daily bladder volume variation was very high (1 SD = 47.2%). Bladder filling and daily variation did not significantly differ between the control and the feedback group (47.2% and 40.1%, respectively). Furthermore, no linear correlations between bladder volume variation and prostate motion were found. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows large variations in daily bladder volume. The use of a biofeedback protocol yields little reduction in bladder volume variation. Even so, the bladder scanner is an easy to use and accurate tool to register these variations.

title: @entity263 : can the use of a bladder ultrasound scanner and biofeedback optimize XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder filling']


abstract: A phase II trial of 5FU in modulation with intravenous high-dose @entity17185 and oral @entity1862 (HU) in advanced unresectable @entity157 ( @entity157 ). A total of 50 consecutive @entity1 , 38 males (76%) and 12 females (24%), with a mean age of 62 years (range 30-74) and a mean performance status of 80 (KI, range 60-90) were enrolled. The vast majority of @entity1 were therapy-naive, although two @entity1 (4%) had previous surgery and showed progressive disease at entry. No @entity1 had been previously treated with chemotherapy. Five @entity1 had previous hormonotherapy with @entity440 . Most @entity1 had disease limited to the liver while 12 @entity1 (24%) had also metastatic deposits outside the liver. The treatment plan included: @entity17185 100 mg/m2 diluted in 500 cc of normal saline over 2 hour infusion followed by 5FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. bolus. HU 1,000 mg/m2 was given by mouth in three refracted doses starting 6 hours after 5FU. A PR was recorded in only 5 @entity1 (10%; 95% CL 1%-34%) with a median duration of 5.7+ months (range 4.0/6.2 months), a stabilization in 15 (30%) with a median duration of 3.8 months, while 30 @entity1 progressed (60%). PR were seen at liver primary @entity5 in 4 cases and at soft tissue in 1 case. The median survival was 5.8 months (range 2.0/12.0+). The most frequent @entity137 were @entity1431 (32%), which however was mild (grade 1-2) in all cases, and grade 1-2 @entity882 observed in 15% of cases. Mild grade 1-2 vomiting was recorded in one third of @entity1 , and grade 1-2 @entity3136 in 15%. The combination of @entity1487 with @entity17185 and oral HU on a weekly schedule is largely inactive against unresectable or metastatic @entity157 and results are no better than historical data reported for 5FU alone.

title: XXXX plus high dose @entity17185 and oral @entity1862 for the treatment of primary @entity157 : results of a phase II multicenter study of the Southern Italy Oncology Group (G.O.I.M.).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17185 :: ('CHEBI:63606', 'Chemical') :: ['levofolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-Fluorouracil']


abstract: @entity3398 , @entity12092 , and @entity33910 were compared in 10-day therapy of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous @entity281 caused by three organisms: @entity2868 and @entity3404 combined with either @entity526 or @entity794 . @entity1320 was caused by @entity2868 plus @entity3404 plus @entity526 . Therapy was initiated immediately before inoculation or was delayed for 8 h. Mortality was 14 of 30 (47%) for saline-treated @entity19 , and all survivors developed abscesses. Immediate therapy reduced mortality and the percentage of @entity19 with abscesses (in survivors), respectively, to 17 and 20% with @entity3398 , 0 and 13% with @entity12092 , and 0 and 17% with @entity33910 , and the numbers of all bacteria were reduced by all the cephalosporins. Delayed therapy reduced mortality and @entity733 formation, respectively, to 20 and 8% of @entity19 with @entity3398 , 10 and 93% with @entity12092 , and 7 and 96% with @entity33910 . @entity3404 survived in all abscesses treated with @entity12092 and @entity33910 . Subcutaneous abscesses were caused by each organism alone or in combinations of one aerobe ( @entity794 or @entity526 ) and one or two @entity3404 species. Early therapy reduced the numbers of all bacteria independent of their in vitro susceptibility. All agents reduced the number of each @entity3404 species with either @entity526 or @entity794 . However, when therapy was delayed, @entity12092 and @entity33910 were less effective than @entity3398 against @entity3404 . @entity12092 was the most active agent against @entity526 , and @entity33910 was the most effective against @entity794 . These data illustrate the efficacy of all tested @entity2886 in the prophylaxis of @entity325 .

title: Use of cephalosporins for prophylaxis and therapy of XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity3404 :: ('818', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron', 'B. thetaiotaomicron', 'Bacteroides']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity33910 :: ('MESH:D015311', 'Chemical') :: ['cefmetazole']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity12092 :: ('MESH:D015313', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefotetan', 'cefotetan']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['Intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin', 'Cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['polymicrobial infection']


abstract: SETTING: An Australian metropolitan @entity1906 clinic where treatment for @entity9178 ( @entity9178 ) comprises six months of @entity3109 , self-administered but dispensed monthly by the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of @entity1 who complete treatment for @entity9178 and to identify factors associated with non-completion. METHODS: Clinical files of all @entity1 receiving treatment for @entity9178 between 01/2000 and 12/2010 were reviewed. The study population comprised all @entity1 who were commenced on @entity3109 as treatment for @entity9178 . Odds ratios (OR) for completing treatment were estimated by logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 216 @entity1 who commenced @entity3109 treatment for @entity9178 , 163 (75%) completed six months treatment [corrected]. Fifty-three percent of the 53 @entity1 who did not complete treatment dropped out after three months treatment. The mean (SD) age of the @entity1 was 27 (16) years and 123 (57%) were female. The majority of @entity1 (59%) were born overseas and 69% received treatment for @entity9178 because they were contacts of @entity1 with @entity1906 . @entity1 ' sex, age, country of birth, time since immigration for overseas born @entity1 , health care worker status, @entity24 conversion status, chest x-ray findings, language, employment status and the indication for which treatment of @entity9178 was prescribed were not significantly related to treatment completion. CONCLUSION: In a setting where @entity3109 is dispensed monthly by the @entity1906 clinic, a relatively high proportion of @entity1 who commence treatment for @entity9178 complete the six month scheduled course of treatment. The study did not identify any @entity1 characteristics that predicted treatment completion. Interventions to improve completion rates should extend over the whole duration of treatment.

title: Completion of treatment for XXXX with monthly drug dispensation directly through the tuberculosis clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['LTBI', 'latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

answer: @entity9178 :: (MESH:D055985,Disease) :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) present with less severe biochemical parameters. The purpose of this study was to compare the presentation, operative findings, and outcomes of these @entity1 with "mild" @entity459 to @entity1 with "overt" disease. METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively collected parathyroid database was performed to identify cases of @entity459 undergoing an initial neck operation. @entity1 were classified as mild when either the preoperative @entity460 or @entity461 was within the normal limits. Comparisons were made with the Student's t test, Chi-squared test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test where appropriate. Kaplan-Meier estimates were plotted for disease-free survival and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS: Of the 1,429 @entity1 who met inclusion criteria, 1,049 were classified as overt and 388 (27.1 %) were mild. Within the mild group, 122 (31.4 %) presented with normocalcemic @entity459 and 266 (68.6 %) had a normal @entity461 . The two groups had similar demographics and renal function. Interestingly, the mild group had more than double the rate of @entity1290 (3.1 vs. 1.3 %, p = 0.02). The mild group was less likely to localize on sestamibi scan (62.4 vs. 78.7 %, p < 0.01). Intraoperatively, more mild @entity1 exhibited @entity66 (34.3 vs. 14.1 %, p < 0.01). When examining intraoperative @entity461 (IoPTH) kinetics where single @entity652 were excised, the IoPTH fell at a rate of 6.9 pg/min in mild @entity1 compared with 11.5 pg/min in the overt group (p < 0.01). Accordingly, 62.2 % of @entity1 in the overt group and 53.3 % in the mild group were cured at 5 min postexcision (p < 0.01). There was no difference in the rates of persistence or recurrence between the groups, and disease-free survival estimates were identical (p = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with mild @entity459 were more likely to have @entity66 and a slower decline in IoPTH, but these @entity1 can be successfully treated with surgery.

title: @entity66 and slower decline in intraoperative @entity461 characterize mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multigland disease']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Herb agents have been widely used for centuries in the Orient and they have been cultivated throughout Asia. There have been a few cases of occupational @entity566 caused by herb materials. We report a case of @entity7446 and @entity2490 caused by six herb materials in a pharmacist working at a pharmacy. OBJECTIVE: We sought the role of immediate @entity56 in herbal agent-induced @entity565 in a pharmacist. METHODS AND RESULTS: The @entity1 had strong positive responses on skin prick test to extracts of six herb materials: Chunkung (Cnidii rhizoma), Banha (Pinellia ternata), Sanyak (Dioscorea radix), Kangwhal (Ostericum koreanum), Danggui (Angelica radix), and Kunkang (Zingiberis rhizoma). Bronchoprovocation tests showed an early asthmatic response to Danggui extract. Serum specific IgE antibodies to Chunkung, Banha, and Sanyak were detected by ELISA with no specific IgE bindings to Kangwhal, Danggui, and Kunkang extracts. Twelve percent @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) and IgE immunoblotting revealed one IgE binding component (60 kD) within Chunkung extract, two (10, 25 kD) in Banha, and four (33, 34, 65, 98 kD) in Sanyak. Basophil @entity112 release test revealed that Danggui extract could release a greater amount of @entity112 from basophils in the @entity1 than in a healthy control. CONCLUSIONS: Chunkung, Banha, and Sanyak may induce IgE-mediated bronchoconstriction in an exposed worker, and Danggui can cause bronchoconstriction by direct @entity112 -releasing effect from mast cells in a sensitized @entity1 .

title: Occupational XXXX and @entity2490 caused by multiple herbal agents in a pharmacist.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: 1. @entity946 was compared with @entity1855 for effects on ischaemia- and reperfusion-induced @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and the role of ischaemia-selective L-channel block was examined. Langendorff perfused @entity35 hearts (n=12/group) were used. 2. Neither drug at up to 100 nM reduced the incidence of @entity2224 during 30 min regional ischaemia. 300 and 600 nM (+/-)- @entity1855 abolished @entity2224 (P<0. 05); @entity946 was effective only at 600 nM (P<0.05). Reperfusion-induced @entity2224 incidence was reduced only by 600 nM (+/-)- @entity1855 (P<0.05). Both drugs at >/=100 nM increased coronary flow (P<0.05) with a similar potency and maximum effectiveness. 3. In separate hearts perfused with Krebs' solution containing 3 mM K+ (the same as that used for @entity943 studies) neither drug at up to 600 nM affected ventricular contractility. With K+ raised to 6 mM, @entity1855 >/=30 nM reduced developed pressure (P<0.05); @entity946 did so only at 600 nM (P<0.05). With K+ raised to 10 mM the effects of @entity1855 were further increased (P<0.05) and @entity946 became active at >/=100 nM (P<0.05). Likewise both drugs impaired diastolic relaxation, with raised K+ exacerbating the effects and (+/-)- @entity1855 being more potent and its effects more greatly exacerbated by K+. In contrast, when K+ was normal (3 mM), coronary flow was increased by each drug at >/=30 nM (P<0.05) indicating a marked vascular : myocardial selectivity. 4. In conclusion, @entity946 differed from @entity1855 in its myocardial effects only in terms of its lower potency. As @entity946 is the more potent T-channel blocker, the T-channel is unlikely to represent the molecular target for these effects. The K+ elevations that occur in the ischaemic milieu determine the ability of both drugs to block myocardial L-channels; this is sufficient to account for the drugs' actions on @entity2224 . Neither drug possesses sufficient selectivity for ischaemic myocardium versus blood vessels to permit efficacy ( @entity2224 suppression without marked vasodilatation) and so inappropriate @entity551 is likely to preclude the safe use of @entity946 (or similar analogue) in @entity2224 suppression, and explains the lack of clinical effectiveness of @entity1855 .

title: Inadequate ischaemia-selectivity limits the antiarrhythmic efficacy of @entity946 during regional ischaemia and reperfusion in the XXXX isolated perfused heart.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', '(+/-)-verapamil']

entities_list: @entity946 :: ('MESH:D020748', 'Chemical') :: ['mibefradil', 'Mibefradil']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Objective To examine the association between glycemic control and the new onset of macroangiopathy in Japanese subjects with type 2 @entity6 . Methods We examined seven-year follow-up data for 572 @entity1 . We divided the subjects by the average of seven-year glycemic control based on the guidelines. First, we excluded the subjects with a past history of macroangiopathy and then examined the incidence of the new onset of macroangiopathy. Results The incidence of @entity741 ( @entity741 ) was 1.0% per year, and that of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was 1.0% per year. However, @entity741 events were not observed at all for five years in the most intensive glycemic control group ( @entity4051 c<6%). Similarly, @entity455 events were not observed at all for seven years in the most intensive glycemic control group (HbA1c<6%). In addition, the cumulative incidence rate of @entity741 tended to increase as the glycemic control became poorer ( @entity4051 c<6%, 4.5%; 6% <=HbA1c<7%, 6.0%; 7% <=HbA1c<8%, 7.2%; HbA1c>= 8%, 10.7%). Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of @entity6 and HbA1c level were independent risk factors contributing to the onset of @entity741 , but not to the onset of @entity455 . Conclusion This seven-year observational study showed the possible association between glycemic control and the onset of macroangiopathy in a total of 572 Japanese subjects with type 2 @entity6 .

title: Seven-year Observational Study on the Association between Glycemic Control and the New Onset of Macroangiopathy in Japanese Subjects with Type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cerebral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gut mucosal homeostasis depends on a balance between cell proliferation and cell death. After @entity130 , gut mucosal weight has been shown to decrease. This decrease in weight was paradoxically associated with an increase in gut proliferative factors. For mucosal weight to decrease in the presence of increased proliferation, there must be an even greater increase in cell death. We postulate that @entity130 causes an increase in gut epithelial cell death primarily by apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN: We produced a 30% full-thickness scald burn in the dorsum of anesthetized male C57BL6 @entity19 and collected the proximal small bowel at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 hours after injury. Sham burned animals served as controls. Apoptosis and proliferation were measured by immunohistochemical assays (terminal @entity14322 nick-end labeling for apoptosis and proliferative cell nuclear antigen assay for proliferation). Apoptosis was also measured by ELISA for cytoplasmic histone-associated DNA fragments. Mucosal height was determined on histologic sections. The two groups were compared at each time point using Wilcoxon two-sample test and t-test with Bonferroni's correction where appropriate. RESULTS: The percentage of apoptotic cells (number of cells stained by terminal @entity14322 nick-end labeling per 100 villus cells) was significantly higher at 12, 24, and 48 hours after injury. This increase was corroborated by an increase in the ELISA at 12 hours. Proliferation as measured by immunostaining for proliferative cell nuclear antigen significantly increased at 12, 24, 48, and 60 hours. Mucosal height as a gross measure of mucosal @entity194 was not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown an increase in apoptosis coupled with an increase in proliferation after a @entity130 . These results imply an increase in cell turnover in the gut epithelial cells after a burn. @entity73 has been demonstrated repeatedly after @entity130 , and this increase in cell turnover may be related.

title: Cutaneous burn increases apoptosis in the gut epithelium of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired bowel function']

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury', 'cutaneous burn injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective clinical study for prognostic purposes. OBJECTIVE: To study the morphological changes that dictate the variable progression of childhood @entity3083 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1513 in @entity1 either improves or deteriorates during growth. Associated morphological changes in the @entity1513 fusion mass and the uninvolved adjacent levels have not been described in literature. METHODS: The study group consisted of 61 @entity1 with 63 spinal lesions selected from a prospective multicenter clinical trial. These @entity1 were followed up for a uniform period of 15 years at regular intervals. Anterior and posterior heights of the @entity1513 fusion mass were measured. Relative difference in anteroposterior growth was analyzed by calculating the anteroposterior ratio of heights. Wedge angle and height-width ratio of uninvolved adjacent vertebrae along with changes in the morphology of disk spaces above and below the lesion were also analyzed. RESULTS: An increase in the anteroposterior ratio of @entity1513 fusion mass leading to a decrease in @entity1513 was seen in 30 lesions. A decrease in the anteroposterior ratio leading to an increase in @entity1513 was noticed in 16 lesions. Overgrowth of the @entity1513 fusion mass resulting in formation of large vertebral bodies was noticed in 7 lesions. No change was noticed in 10 lesions. Interestingly, changes were also noticed in 234 adjacent vertebral bodies uninvolved by the disease process: anterior wedging (n = 53), growth alteration of ring apophysis (n = 26), decrease in anteroposterior diameter (n = 26), @entity8032 (n = 40), @entity6661 at the point of contact resulting in irregular bodies (n = 44), and posterior wedging in the region of compensatory curve (n = 45). Changes in disk spaces were noted at 136 levels, the most common finding being an opening of the disk space anteriorly (n = 126) due to formation of compensatory lordotic curves. The secondary changes leading to an @entity85 were observed significantly more in lesions with a deformity angle of more than 30 degrees and a vertebral body loss of more than 1, and in lesions of the thoracolumbar region. @entity1 younger than 10 years differed from those 11 years or older by having a significantly more severe disease and more number of morphological changes with growth in both the fusion mass and the adjacent segments. CONCLUSIONS: Notable morphological changes occurred in both the @entity1513 fusion mass and the uninvolved levels above and below the lesion in @entity1 with healed @entity3083 . These changes occurred during growth, after complete healing of the disease was achieved, and were responsible for the variability in progression of the deformity during growth seen in these @entity1 . Our results imply that all @entity1 with @entity3083 must be followed up regularly till the entire growth potential is completed.

title: Morphological changes during growth in healed childhood XXXX : a 15-year prospective study of 61 @entity1 treated with ambulatory chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Posttuberculous kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['increase in deformity']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal overgrowth']

answer: @entity3083 :: (MESH:D014399,Disease) :: ['spinal tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity9360 is a rare, @entity74 in which the @entity27554 oxidase activity is absent. Its incidence is as low as 0.001%. @entity27553 is the pigmentation of connective tissues and this pigmentation leads to degenerative changes in @entity9359 @entity1 . @entity9360 most prominently involves the lumbar region, but @entity890 as the presenting feature of @entity9360 is not common. Only a few @entity1 required surgical intervention. Herewith we report an @entity9359 @entity1 , who was operated on for @entity890 . His discectomy material was black and the @entity209 was diagnosed retrospectively. This @entity209 is often recognized on physical re-examination after the black disc material was seen during the operation. Therefore urinalysis for homogentisic acid should be performed in all @entity1 with degenerative changes of the vertebral column. The results of disc surgery in this @entity1 group is successful.

title: @entity27553 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9359 :: ('MESH:C531762', 'Disease') :: ['alkaptonuric']

entities_list: @entity27554 :: ('MESH:D006713', 'Chemical') :: ['homogentisic acid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive metabolic disorder']

entities_list: @entity27553 :: ('MESH:D009794', 'Disease') :: ['Ochronosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorder', 'metabolic disease']

entities_list: @entity9360 :: ('MESH:D000474', 'Disease') :: ['Alkaptonuria', 'alkaptonuria']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity890 :: (MESH:D007405,Disease) :: ['lumbar disc herniation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduction technique of @entity2065 is always performed under sedation or general anesthesia in order to permit successful reduction such as traction counter-traction (TCT). However, the @entity1 take risks of sedation or anesthesia. There are several techniques of reduction that reduce the dislocation without using sedation or anesthesia such as Milch technique, gentle traction, abduction and external rotation (TAE) technique and scapular manipulation. In the present study, the authors compared efficacy of reduction of @entity2065 by using TAE without sedation and TCT techniques under conscious sedation. OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of TAE without sedation and TCT techniques under conscious sedation for reduction of @entity2065 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between 2001 and 2010, the authors reviewed medical records and radiographs of 76 @entity1 who sustained one or more episodes of @entity2065 and divided into two groups. Group 1 used the technique of TAE without sedation. Group 2 used the technique of TCT under conscious sedation. Group 1 and 2 consisted of 32 and 44 @entity1 , 24 and 33 males, eight and 11 females, average age 39.13 (17-71) and 34.77 (18-76) years old, 24 and 34 right sides, eight and 10 left sides, 21 and 24 from sport injuries and 10 and 18 non-sport injuries respectively. Successful reduction, post-reduction complication and @entity1 'satisfaction score of 0 to 10 of both groups were evaluated and p < or = 0.05 were considered for statistical significant differences. RESULTS: The successful reduction of group 1, 2 were 90.63% (29/32) and 100% (44/44) with 95% Confidence interval 74.98 to 98.02% and 93.42 to 100% respectively. The statistical analysis showed no significant difference of both groups (p = 0.071). There was no post-reduction complication of both groups. The @entity1 ' satisfaction score of group 1, 2 were 9.38 (8-10) and 7.94 (3-10). The statistical analysis showed @entity1 ' satisfaction score of group 1 were significantly higher than group 2 (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: TAE technique under sedative-free for reduction of @entity2065 is effective, simple, and safe.

title: Efficacy of gentle traction, abduction and external rotation maneuver under sedative-free for reduction of XXXX : retrospective comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2065 :: ('MESH:D012783', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior shoulder dislocation']

answer: @entity2065 :: (MESH:D012783,Disease) :: ['acute anterior shoulder dislocation']


abstract: The aim was to analyze whether pericardial tissue expresses endothelial NO synthase ( @entity50240 ) protein and to determine the presence of cytosolic proteins that bind to @entity50240 mRNA. The effect of @entity117 on the above-mentioned parameters was also analyzed. @entity50240 protein was expressed in pericardial tissue from male @entity840 . @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 microgram/mL) and @entity794 endotoxin (SA, 10 microgram/mL) reduced @entity50240 protein expression and shortened the half-life of the @entity50240 messenger. Under basal conditions, cytosolic extracts from pericardial samples bound to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of @entity50240 mRNA, which was enhanced by LPS and SA. Proteinase K fully prevented the binding of cytosolic pericardial extracts to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA, suggesting the involvement of proteins that were further characterized as 60- and 51-kDa proteins. @entity117 (1 to 10 mmol/L) restored @entity50240 expression in either LPS- and SA-stimulated pericardial samples and reduced the binding activity of the pericardial cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA. @entity3352 also reduced the downregulation of @entity50240 by LPS and diminished the binding activity of the cytosolic proteins, although higher doses of @entity3352 than of @entity117 were needed to improve these parameters. In conclusion, @entity50240 protein is expressed in @entity840 pericardial tissue. LPS and SA stimulate the binding activity of pericardial cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA and reduce @entity50240 protein expression. High doses of @entity117 and @entity3352 protect @entity50240 protein expression and reduce the binding activity of the cytosolic proteins to 3'-UTR of @entity50240 mRNA, suggesting an inverse association between the presence of these cytosolic proteins and @entity50240 expression.

title: @entity117 prevents XXXX lipopolysaccharide- and @entity794 -induced downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in @entity840 pericardial tissue.

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate with radiographic imaging the association between pubic stress injury and @entity854 in athletes. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Eleven athletes (9 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ), comprising seven male long-distance runners, one male soccer player, one male and two female basketball players, were imaged with plain films for complaints of @entity158 , sciatica, groin @entity158 , or a combination of these complaints. In addition to the plain films, four @entity1 were imaged with CT, two @entity1 had MR imaging, and a bone scan was performed in three @entity1 . Anteroposterior plain films of the pelvis of 20 @entity1 without @entity615 or @entity158 were evaluated for comparison as a control group (ages 18-72 years, average 49 years; 11 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ). RESULTS: All athletes showed plain film evidence of either @entity1463 , @entity2681 or offset at the pubic symphysis. Four had @entity155 of cortical bone at the site of insertion of the gracilis tendon. Four @entity1 demonstrated @entity2720 on plain films consisting of @entity1463 , @entity2681 and @entity5040 , and in one of these athletes, bilateral sacroiliac changes are present. Two @entity1 with normal @entity2720 on plain films had a bone scan showing increased radionuclide uptake bilaterally at the @entity2720 . One @entity1 with both plain film and CT evidence of @entity854 had an MR examination showing abnormal signal at both @entity2720 and at the pubic symphysis. A @entity1642 was found on CT in one @entity1 with complaints of sciatica. In the control group, six @entity1 , all over the age of 55 years, had mild @entity1463 of the symphysis, but no plain film evidence of @entity854 . CONCLUSION: We have found a group of athletes in whom stress injuries to the pubic symphysis are associated with changes in the sacroiliac joint as demonstrated by degenerative changes or in the sacrum as manifested as a @entity1642 . These findings are probably due to abnormal stresses across the pelvic ring structure that lead to a second abnormality in the pelvic ring. The abnormality in the sacrum is not always well seen with conventional imaging. Recognition of the association of stress injury of the symphysis with @entity615 is important in that it can help avoid inappropriate studies and diagnostic @entity911 .

title: Pelvic stress injuries: the relationship between osteitis pubis (symphysis pubis stress injury) and XXXX in athletes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pubic symphysis pain', 'pain', 'pubic pain']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint abnormalities', 'sacroiliac joints']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['sacral stress fracture']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac abnormalities']


abstract: This paper provides age- and sex-specific reference values for short-term heart rate variability (HRV) data in @entity1 by time domain and frequency domain methods. Furthermore, HRV determinants will be determined. In 460 @entity1 (5-10 years), 5-minute HRV measurements in supine position were undertaken with Polar chest belts. The data were manually edited and processed with time and frequency domain methods. Age, time point, physical activity (accelerometry), physical @entity410 (cardiopulmonary @entity410 , upper and lower limb muscular @entity410 ) and body composition (body mass index, fat%, fat and fat-free mass) were analysed as determinants using multiple regression analysis stratified by sex. Sex- and age-specific reference values were produced. Overall, @entity1 had lower HRV. Age-related parasympathetic increases and sympathetic decreases were seen with sometimes age-related year-to-year wave-like changes in @entity1 . The time point of recording had limited influence on HRV. Of the lifestyle related factors, @entity1386 (only 7 % overweight) was not associated with HRV but fat-free mass, physical activity and in particular physical @entity410 (over and above activity) had a favourable association by increased parasympathetic activity. Future HRV studies in @entity1 should consider age, sex and physical @entity410 .

title: Determinants and reference values of short-term heart rate variability in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity19865 ( @entity19865 ) was first described in Japan in 1972. The disease frequently mimics @entity1600 , @entity706 , and many other benign and malignant conditions. To our knowledge, there is no previous study comparing the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity1 from different geographical parts of the world. We searched literature records beginning from 1991 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data of 244 @entity1 (including cases diagnosed in our institution) reported in 181 publications. Of the 244 cases, 33% were male and 77% were female. Mean age was 25 (1-64) and 70% was younger than 30. Most of the cases were reported from Taiwan (36%), USA (6.6%), and Spain (6.3%). @entity221 (35%), @entity1295 (7%) and joint @entity158 (7%) were the most frequent symptoms, while lymphadenomegaly (100%), @entity1910 (10%), @entity625 (5%), @entity828 (3%), @entity1210 (43%), high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40%), and @entity417 (23%) being the most common findings. @entity19865 was associated with @entity1252 (32 cases), non-infectious inflammatory diseases (24 cases), and @entity1800 (17 cases). @entity1252 was more frequent in cases from Asia than Europe (28 and 9%, respectively). The disease was self-limiting in 156 (64%) and @entity228 treatment was necessary in 16 (16%) of the cases. The mortality rate was 2.1%. Early diagnosis is crucial as the clinical and laboratory presentation generally imitates situations needing lengthy and costly diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Additionally, association with @entity1252 needs further investigation.

title: XXXX : analysis of 244 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malign lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous rashes']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity19865 :: ('MESH:D020042', 'Disease') :: ['KFD', 'Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity19865 :: (MESH:D020042,Disease) :: ['Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease']


abstract: Vascular heparan @entity597 proteoglycan (vHSPG) has an important role in the normal vasculature, including hemostasis, lipolysis and other vascular functions. These functions are mediated by both the glycosaminoglycan and protein core moieties of vHSPG. Autoimmunity to vHSPG has been demonstrated to play a role in @entity1317 in animal models, and is present in @entity1 with @entity792 . However, most previous studies of @entity1 @entity792 to vHSPG have only investigated heparan @entity597 glycosaminoglycan epitopes. In the current investigations, autoantibodies to the protein core of vHSPG in sera from @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) were investigated. vHSPG protein core was prepared by chemical deglycosylation. Competitive immunoinhibition ELISA and immunoblotting immunoassays were established employing monoclonal antibodies to vHSPG protein core. @entity1252 sera were demonstrated to contain IgG autoantibodies reactive with the vHSPG protein core by immunoblotting. @entity1 autoantibodies to vHSPG protein core were not inhibited by heparan @entity597 confirming their protein core reactivity. Competitive immunoinhibition studies employing a solid phase radioimmunoassay also confirmed the reactivity of @entity1 sera with vHPSG protein core. By ELISA, a significant increase in the occurrence of anti-vHSPG protein core antibodies was noted in @entity1252 sera. While most previous investigations have demonstrated @entity792 to heparan @entity597 , the presence of IgG autoantibodies to vHSPG protein core demonstrates that the entire vHSPG proteoglycan is the target of @entity792 in @entity1252 .

title: Autoantibodies to the protein core of vascular basement membrane heparan @entity597 proteoglycan in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune vascular disease', 'autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: "Incidentally" identified @entity157 (iHCC) in liver explants after liver transplantation (LTx) is a frequently reported finding, which is characterized with a good prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with these @entity5 in our series and in literature reports, and to compare their prognosis to that of HCC diagnosed preoperatively. METHODS: From April 1998 to December 2003, 432 @entity1 underwent deceased-donor LTx at our center for nonmalignant indications. An additional 31 @entity1 with a preoperative known HCC (pkHCC) received deceased-donor grafts. A literature search was performed intending to estimate the incidence of iHCC in liver explants and the outcome after LTx. RESULTS: iHCC was found in 5 of the 432 @entity1 . All five @entity1 are currently alive without evidence of @entity5 recurrence after a median follow-up of 43 months. On the other hand, in the group of the 31 @entity1 with pkHCC, 22 of them are at the moment alive in a median follow-up of 28 months. When comparing the two groups, no difference in survival could be found (P=0.1419 in log-rank test). Literature reports of 705 instances with iHCC over the past 20 years showed a statistical "better survival" in only 24 cases. CONCLUSION: Literature reports showed a remarkable "deviation" of the expected @entity5 characteristics for the iHCC. Obviously, this is because of a widely characterization of iHCC, including also @entity5 which are rather undetected HCC during the waiting time to LTx. A more precise definition for the iHCC is needed.

title: Liver transplantation and incidentally found XXXX in liver explants: need for a new definition?

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics, diagnostic methods and outcomes of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived(MALT) @entity706 . METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical, radiological and follow-up data of 29 @entity1074 cases at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital affiliated to Tong Ji University from January 2002 to June 2010 was performed. RESULTS: Among these @entity1 , there were 19(65.5%) males and 10 (34.5%) females aged from 27 to 73 (median 53) years old. Common clinical manifestations were cough (51.7%), fever (20.7%), @entity386 (17.2%), @entity662 (17.2%), @entity1295 (13.8%) and @entity353 (13.8%), while 9(31.0%) cases had no symptoms at diagnosis. The characteristics of the chest CT showed that 22 (75.9%) of the cases had patch infiltration or consolidation of the lung, 7(24.1%) of the cases had mass, and 15 (51.7%) unilateral and 14(48.3%) bilateral lesions. Their diagnosis duration varied between 0.5 and 96 months. 18(62.1%) cases were confirmed by surgery (15 open lung and 7 video-assisted thoracic surgery, VAST), 4 (13.8%) by percutaneous lung biopsy, 5 (17.2%) by bronchoscopic biopsy, and 2 (6.9%) by peripheral lymph node biopsy. The treatment methods included surgery, combined chemotherapy, radiotherapy and Chinese herbal medicine. The 1- and 3-year-survival rates were 92.3% and 87.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary @entity1074 is atypical in clinical manifestations and radiological characteristics, and easy to be misdiagnosed. Local diseases are mainly treated by operation while extensive diseases receive combined chemotherapy. A proper diagnosis is mainly based on pathological biopsy. @entity1 with @entity1074 have a favorable outcome. Poor prognosis may be connected with poor performance status and long diagnosis duration.

title: [Clinical characteristics and diagnosis of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-derived (MALT) XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 29 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MALT lymphoma', 'pulmonary MALT lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Aging is the single most important risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ), which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The underlying etiologies that elevate @entity65 risk are unknown, but @entity2003 appears to be a major hallmark of @entity65 . We hypothesized that post-translational signaling pathways become disrupted with age and adversely affect endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) activity and endothelial-derived @entity842 (NO) production. Using arterial vessels and isolated endothelia from old (33-month) vs. young (3-month) F344XBrN @entity35 , we show a @entity393 with age that is attributable to a decline in eNOS activity and NO bioavailability. An altered eNOS phosphorylation pattern consistent with its inactivation was observed: phosphorylation at the inhibitory @entity1889 494 site increased while phosphorylation at the activating @entity563 1176 site declined by 50%. Loss of phosphorylation on @entity563 1176 was related to higher @entity2367 -activated protein phosphatase 2 A activity, which was driven by a 125% increase in @entity2367 in aged endothelia. Elevated @entity2367 levels were attributable to chronic activation of neutral sphingomyelinases without a concomitant increase in ceramidase activity. This imbalance may stem from an observed 33% decline in endothelial @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) levels, a loss known to differentially induce neutral sphingomyelinases. Pretreating aged vessel rings with the neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitor, @entity18220 , significantly reversed the age-dependent @entity393 . Taken together, these results suggest a novel mechanism that at least partly explains the persistent loss of eNOS activity and endothelial-derived NO availability in aging conduit arteries.

title: Age-related changes in endothelial @entity842 synthase phosphorylation and @entity842 dependent vasodilation: evidence for a novel mechanism involving sphingomyelinase and XXXX -activated phosphatase 2A.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['increased vessel rigidity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vasomotor function']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular aging', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity2367 :: (CHEBI:17761,Chemical) :: ['ceramide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction is an option for @entity1 with @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutations who elect to undergo prophylactic mastectomy to prevent @entity0 . We report on the uptake of breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy in @entity1 with @entity5345 mutations from eight countries. METHODS: @entity1 with a @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation were questioned regarding their @entity5 preventive practices. Information was recorded on prophylactic mastectomy and breast reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 1,635 @entity1 with a @entity5345 or @entity2674 mutation who elected to undergo prophylactic mastectomy from eight countries were included. A total of 1,137 @entity1 (69.5%) had breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy. A total of 58.7% of @entity1 over the age of 45 years at the time of prophylactic mastectomy had breast reconstruction compared to 77.6% of @entity1 35 years of age or younger [odds ratio (OR) 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.50, p < 0.001]. In addition, 62.9% of @entity1 with a @entity0 (contralateral prophylactic mastectomy) had breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy compared to 79.7% of @entity1 without a previous @entity0 (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.38-0.61, p < 0.001). A total of 66.9% of @entity1 from Canada had breast reconstruction after mastectomy compared to 71.9% of American @entity1 (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.96, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1 elect for breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy. However, younger @entity1 and those without a previous diagnosis of @entity0 are more likely to have breast reconstruction than older @entity1 or those with a previous diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: International rates of breast reconstruction after prophylactic mastectomy in @entity5345 and XXXX mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer diagnosis', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2674 :: (675,Gene) :: ['BRCA2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the effects of 12C-beam of 295 keV/microm (57.24 MeV) on M5 and @entity3569 V79 cells by using cytogenetic assays like @entity4523 ( @entity4523 ) induction, @entity2008 ( @entity2008 ) and apoptosis. Additionally, the relative survival of these two cell lines was tested by the colony forming ability of the cells, with a view to understanding the mechanism of cellular damages that lead to difference in cell survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Confluent cells were irradiated with 12C-beam at various doses using 15UD Pelletron accelerator. Cell survival was studied by the colony forming ability of cells. @entity4523 assay was done by fluorescent staining. Different types of @entity2008 in metaphase cells were scored at 12 h after irradiation. Apoptosis was measured at different post irradiation times as detected by nuclear fragmentation and DNA ladder was prepared after 48 h of incubation. RESULTS: Dose-dependent decrease in surviving fractions was found in both the cell lines. However, the surviving fractions were higher in M5 cells in comparison to V79 cells when exposed to the same radiation doses. On the other hand, induced @entity4523 frequencies, @entity2008 frequencies and apoptosis percentages were less in M5 cells than V79 cells. Very good correlations between surviving fractions and induced @entity4523 frequencies or induced total @entity2008 or induced apoptosis percentages were obtained in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The cell strain M5 showed relatively more radio-resistance to 12C-beam compared to @entity3569 V79 cells in this study. As the @entity4523 formation, @entity2008 and apoptosis induction were less in M5 cells as compared to parental V79 cells, the higher cell survival in the former could possibly be attributed to their better repairing ability leading to higher cell survival.

title: Response to high LET radiation 12C (LET, 295 keV/microm) in M5 cells, a radio resistant cell strain derived from XXXX V79 cells.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations', 'CA']

entities_list: @entity4523 :: ('MESH:D048629', 'Disease') :: ['MN', 'micronuclei']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: Antibodies directed against the @entity460 -binding proteins, parvalbumin and @entity45861 , can be used to label distinct neuronal subgroups in the primate visual pathway. We analyzed parvalbumin immunoreactivity (P-IR) and @entity45861 immunoreactivity (C-IR) in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and visual cortex of the marmoset, @entity7533 . We compared marmosets which were identified as having dichromatic or trichromatic color vision. Within the LGN, the density of P-IR neurones is highest in the parvocellular and magnocellular laminae, but C-IR neurones are found mainly in the koniocellular division of the LGN, that is, the interlaminar zones and S laminae. Not all interlaminar zone cells are C-IR. In the visual cortex, P-IR neurones are present in all laminae except lamina 1, in areas V1 and V2. Neurones which are strongly C-IR are mainly located in laminae 2 and 3 in V1 and V2. Lightly C-IR neurones are concentrated in lamina 4, and are more numerous in V1 than in V2. Quantitative analysis showed no differences in the density or distribution of IR neurones in either @entity227 and trichromat animals were compared. We conclude that this functional difference is not associated with differences in the neurochemistry of @entity460 -binding proteins in the primary visual pathways.

title: The distribution of @entity460 -binding proteins in the lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex of a New World monkey, the marmoset, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['Callithrix jacchus']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['LGN or visual cortex when dichromat']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7533 :: (9483,Species) :: ['Callithrix jacchus']


abstract: @entity11137 produces several larvicidal crystalline inclusions during sporulation. An understanding of their mechanisms of action is commercially important. In this study, two toxins, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac, were compared that showed 98% @entity535 identity in domain I and II, but differed significantly in domain III. Using site-directed mutagenesis techniques, two conserved loop 2 @entity534 's ((368)RR(369)) of Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins were replaced with Ala ((368)AR(369), (368)RA(369), (368)AA(369)), @entity367 ((368)EE(369)), @entity815 ((368)FF(369)), His ((368)HH(369)), and Lys ((368)KK(369)). The effect of these mutants on structural stability, larvicidal potency, receptor binding, and ionic permeability towards two important @entity2708 pests, pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) and bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) were analyzed. All seven mutants of Cry1Ab, excluding (368)AR(369), produced a stable protoxin, whereas for Cry1Ac all seven mutants yielded stable protoxin. Results showed that all the stable mutants behaved similarly to the wild type on incubation with trypsin and gut extract of both insect larvae. The Cry1Ab mutants, (368)AR(369), (368)AA(369), (368)FF(369), and (368)HH(369), lost @entity137 ; (368)EE(369) had reduced @entity137 ; whereas the more conserved change (368)KK(369) retained the @entity137 similar to the wild type towards P. gossypiella. Double mutants of Cry1Ac, (368)AA(369) and (368)FF(369), abolished the @entity137 . Double mutant (368)KK(369) of Cry1Ac retained its @entity137 against P. gossypiella, whereas single mutants (368)AR(369), (368)RA(369), and (368)HH(369) retained only reduced @entity137 . All the mutants of Cry1Ab lost their @entity137 against H. zea except (368)KK(369). In Cry1Ac single mutants, (368)AR(369) and (368)RA(369), reduction in the @entity137 was observed. A double mutant of Cry1Ac, (368)KK(369), also retained reduced @entity137 . All the other double mutants lost their @entity137 . Voltage clamping experiments on H. zea midguts provided an additional evidence about the insecticidal property and inhibition of I(sc) across the transepithelial membrane of the insect midgut.

title: Pesticidal and receptor binding properties of XXXX Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac delta-endotoxin mutants to Pectinophora gossypiella and Helicoverpa zea.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity11137 :: ('1428', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']

answer: @entity11137 :: (1428,Species) :: ['Bacillus thuringiensis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To be consistent with the United Nations' sustainable development goals on gender equality, mobile health (mHealth) programmes should aim to use communications technology to promote the empowerment of @entity1 . We conducted a pre-trial analysis of data from the WelTel Retain study on retention in @entity16090 care to assess gender-based differences in phone access, phone sharing and concerns about receiving text messages from a healthcare provider. METHODS: Between April 2013-June 2015, @entity16090 -positive adults were screened for trial participation at two clinics in urban slums in Nairobi, Kenya. Proportions of @entity1 and @entity1 excluded from the trial due to phone-related criteria were compared using a chi-square test. Gender-based differences in phone sharing patterns and concerns among trial @entity1 were similarly compared. RESULTS: Of 1068 individuals screened, there was no difference in the proportion of @entity1 (n   =   39/378, 10.3%) and @entity1 (n   =   71/690, 10.3%) excluded because of phone-related criteria (p-value   =   0.989). Among those who shared their phone, @entity1 (n   =   52/108, 48.1%) were more likely than @entity1 (n   =   6/60, 10.0%) to share with other non-household and household members (p   <   0.001). Few @entity1 had concerns about receiving text messages from their healthcare provider; those with concerns were all @entity1 (n   =   6/700). DISCUSSION: In this study, @entity1 and @entity1 were equally able to participate in a trial of an mHealth intervention. Equitable access in these urban slums may indicate the 'gender digital divide' is narrowing in some settings; however, gender-specific phone sharing patterns and concerns regarding privacy must be fully considered in the development and scale-up of mHealth programmes.

title: Participation in a mobile health intervention trial to improve retention in XXXX care: does gender matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women']

answer: @entity16090 :: (11709,Species) :: ['HIV']