abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 )-C and @entity9205 influence lymphangiogenesis through the activation of the @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3. They have been implicated in lymphatic @entity5 spread, which is an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Whether or not the expression of @entity9961 , -D, and @entity7802 correlates with clinicopathological factors in @entity1 with @entity2220 was analysed. The @entity5 specimens were homogenized to determine the protein expression of @entity9961 , -D, and @entity7802 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RNA fractions extracted from the @entity5 tissues were subjected to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to assess the mRNA levels of @entity9961 , -D, and @entity7802 . The expression of @entity9205 protein and mRNA levels in @entity1 without lymph node @entity3 were significantly higher than those with @entity3 (p=0.013, p=0.0494, respectively). However, the protein and mRNA levels of @entity9961 and @entity7802 were not significantly different in @entity1 with or without @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates of the @entity1 with high @entity9205 levels were significantly higher than those of @entity1 with low levels (p =0.0221). No significant difference in the survival rates was observed for @entity9961 and @entity7802 . @entity9205 may be downregulated in @entity1149 tissues in comparison to adjacent normal tissue, resulting in lymph node @entity3 and poor prognosis.

title: Correlation between lymph node @entity3 and the expression of @entity9961 , @entity9205 and @entity7802 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['T1 lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['T1 lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The mechanism by which @entity2514 improves cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity712 is not well characterized. @entity2514 may improve left ventricular (LV) function by decreasing afterloading wall stress or by increasing myocardial contractility. The effect of intravenous @entity2514 was assessed in 8 @entity1 with severe @entity1000 . @entity2514 increased @entity64 volume index (from 24 +/- 8 to 40 +/- 9 ml/m2, p less than 0.01) and decreased systemic vascular resistance from 1,603 +/- 619 to 810 +/- 317 dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.01) and peak LV wall stress (from 476 +/- 118 to 410 +/- 68 kdynes/cm2, p = 0.02). Two groups were defined by normal or high LV wall stress. @entity1 with high LV stress had higher LV end-diastolic pressure (38 +/- 12 vs 17 +/- 8 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), LV end-diastolic volume index (184 +/- 24 vs 149 +/- 7 ml/m2, p less than 0.01) and systemic vascular resistance (1,423 +/- 686 vs 846 +/- 293 dynes s cm-5, p = 0.01). @entity2514 decreased stress more in these @entity1 (-101 +/- 57 vs -6 +/- 9 kdynes/cm2, p = 0.02), LV end-diastolic pressure (-12 +/- 7 vs 2 +/- 2 mm Hg, p = 0.02), systolic pressure (-15 +/- 13 vs 3 +/- 4 mm Hg, p = 0.03) and systemic vascular resistance (-1,053 +/- 247 vs -363 +/- 83 dynes s cm-5, p less than 0.01) than in @entity1 with normal LV stress. Decreased LV stress was caused by decreased systolic and diastolic pressures and/or volumes. Late systolic pressure-volume relations in @entity1 with normal LV stress suggested @entity296 , but this was not confirmed by LV dP/dt. @entity2514 improves LV function in @entity1 with @entity384 by reducing elevated LV wall stress, with little inotropic effect.

title: Effects of @entity2514 on pressure-volume and stress-volume relations in @entity712 secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['increased myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine', 'Hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1000 :: (MESH:C536277,Disease) :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Uterine implantation is a critical element of @entity1 reproduction and is a tightly and highly coordinated event. An intricate and reciprocal uterine-embryo dialog exists to synchronize uterine receptivity with the concomitant activation of the blastocyst, maximizing implantation success. While a number of pathways involved in regulating uterine receptivity have been identified in the @entity19 , less is understood about blastocyst activation, the process by which the trophectoderm (TE) receives extrinsic cues that initiate new characteristics essential for implantation. @entity1522 (AA) have been found to regulate blastocyst activation and TE motility in vitro. In particular, we find that @entity369 and @entity368 alone are necessary and sufficient to induce TE motility. Both @entity369 and @entity368 act individually and additively to propagate signals that are dependent on the activity of the @entity1 target of @entity3446 complex 1 ( @entity13407 ). The activities of the well-established downstream targets of @entity13407 , p70S6K and 4EBP, do not correlate with trophoblast motility, suggesting that an independent- @entity3446 -sensitive pathway operates to induce trophoblast motility, or that other, parallel @entity535 -dependent pathways are also involved. We find that endogenous uterine factors act to induce @entity13407 activation and trophoblast motility at a specific time during pregnancy, and that this uterine signal is later than the previously defined signal that induces the attachment reaction. In vivo matured blastocysts exhibit competence to respond to an 8-hour AA stimulus by activating @entity3470 and subsequently undergoing trophoblast outgrowth by the morning of day 4.5 of pregnancy, but not on day 3.5. By the late afternoon of day 4.5, the embryos no longer require any exposure to AA to undergo trophoblast outgrowth in vitro, demonstrating the existence and timing of an equivalent in vivo signal. These results suggest that there are two separate uterine signals regulating implantation, one that primes the embryo for the attachment reaction and another that activates @entity3470 and initiates invasive behavior.

title: XXXX and @entity369 regulate trophoblast motility through @entity3470 -dependent and independent pathways in the preimplantation @entity19 embryo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['Leucine']


abstract: 1. In patch-clamp recordings from outer segments of dark-adapted rod photoreceptors, single-channel recordings were obtained from the light-sensitive conductance when divalent cations were omitted from the pipette solution bathing the extracellular face of the recorded patch of membrane. 2. Activity of the light-sensitive channel was suppressed by light within the normal response range of the dark-adapted rod. During dim, steady illumination, the rate of opening of the channel fluctuated dramatically, as expected qualitatively from statistical fluctuations in the number of photoisomerizations occurring within the effective collecting area of the recorded patch. 3. The light-sensitive channel flickered rapidly in the open state, so that individual events appeared as a burst of openings and closings. The average duration of a burst was 0.78 +/- 0.03 ms (mean +/- S.E.). The average duration of an individual opening was 0.18 +/- 0.008 ms. The average closed duration within a burst was 0.37 +/- 0.02 ms. 4. Hyperpolarization of the recorded patch had no effect on average burst or open duration, although opening frequency increased slightly (+18.6 +/- 4.9%; n = 13; mean +/- S.E.). Average single-channel current increased linearly with hyperpolarization, giving an estimated single-channel conductance of 20.5 +/- 1.1 pS. By extrapolation of the relation between channel current and hyperpolarization, the dark driving force was estimated to be about 48 mV. 5. In addition to reducing the rate of channel events, dim non-saturating light also reduced the average duration of a burst of openings and the average duration of openings within a burst. 6. About 50% of cell-attached patches showed no channel activity in darkness. Light-suppressable channel activity could be induced in these silent patches by perfusing the outer segment with low- @entity141 Ringer solution. Similarly, activity could be increased dramatically by low- @entity141 Ringer solution in patches that did show channel activity in the dark. From the maximal channel activity observed during low- @entity141 perfusion, the lower limit for the number of channels per patch was 20-70, corresponding to an estimated channel density of 100-350 channels micron-2. 7. After recording light-sensitive channel activity in the intact rod, the patch of membrane was excised, exposing the intracellular membrane face. Application of @entity6708 ( @entity8262 ) to the intracellular face activated channels (Haynes, Kay _ Yau, 1986; Zimmerman _ Baylor, 1986; Matthews, 1986d, 1987) whose properties could then be compared directly with the light-sensitive channels recorded earlier in the same patch of membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Properties of ion channels closed by light and opened by XXXX in toad retinal rods.

entities_list: @entity6708 :: ('CHEBI:16356', 'Chemical') :: ["guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate"]

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) on oxidative stress had been controversial due to the differences in experimental conditions. Recently, total @entity19413 (tHODE), derived from @entity4722 has been proposed as a potent biomarker to evaluate the situation of oxidative stress. METHODS: The subjects consisted of ten new-onset @entity302 @entity1 treated with @entity3262 . We sequentially measured the plasma tHODE levels for one year to evaluate the degree of oxidative stress and then compared the plasma tHODE levels at the beginning and the end of experiments to those of peak levels. Ten age-matched healthy subjects were recruited as a control and compared to the initial plasma tHODE levels of the @entity1 ' group. They were determined by LC - @entity15 / @entity15 . RESULTS: The mean value of the initial plasma tHODE levels in the @entity1 ' group was 165.2        76.8   nM (means        SD), which was not significantly different from that of a control group (199.3        62.5   nM). In five of @entity302 @entity1 , the plasma tHODE levels increased above the pathological level in half of a year. However, their plasma tHODE levels returned to be normal within one year. As a whole, the peak plasma tHODE levels increased significantly compared to those at the beginning and one year later. CONCLUSION: The oxidative stress generated by @entity3262 increased temporarily, but decreased to the normal level after one year. It is reasonable to concern about the effects of oxidative stress, especially at the beginning of @entity3262 administration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Dynamics of @entity19413 in @entity302 XXXX treated with @entity1092 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity19413 :: ('MESH:C495366', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: During a 5-year period, intra-aortic balloon pumping (IABP) was performed on 90 @entity1 (3.1% of those undergoing open-heart surgery), using a Percor catheter inserted with Seldinger technique. Overall prognosis was poor; only 46 of the 90 @entity1 were alive at postoperative follow-up averaging 23 months. Limb @entity63 arose in 20%, with incidence uninfluenced by catheter insertion technique (percutaneous v. 'open'). Surgical treatment was required for half of the ischemic limbs. Groin @entity1410 commonly followed percutaneous extraction of IABP catheter, whereas 'open' removal was always hemostatic, with potential for embolectomy. Percutaneous insertion of IABP catheter via the femoral artery is the method of choice in an emergency situation. 'Open' Seldinger technique is preferable in the operating room. For elective IABP catheter removal, the 'open', hemostatic technique is recommended. If limb-threatening @entity63 develops, the catheter must be removed. If the @entity1 is IABP-dependent, the contralateral femoral artery or the ascending aorta should be considered as an alternative catheter route.

title: Complications of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, with special reference to limb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The effects of radiation on gut mucosal mast cells ( @entity1139 ) and tissue eosinophils were examined. Groups of @entity35 were given single doses of whole-body irradiation from 0.5 to 5 Gy. Serum rat @entity18311 (RMCPII) concentration showed a significant dose-dependent fall after 1 Gy on day 3 and 1.5 Gy on day 7. @entity1139 counts and tissue RMCPII values on day 7 decreased significantly by 70% after 1 Gy and were undetectable with larger doses. @entity35 with normal and expanded @entity1139 populations were irradiated or given anaphylaxis. Serum RMCPII concentrations did not change after irradiation, but there was a 10-fold increase in RMCPII after anaphylaxis. Tissue eosinophils in jejunum were 50% of control at 7 days after 2 Gy, and this effect was progressively more marked with higher doses. Similar effects on @entity1139 and eosinophils were demonstrated in ileum, ascending colon and rectum. After 4.5 Gy, repopulation of the gut with @entity1139 did not occur until week 3-4 postirradiation and @entity1139 counts were still 50% below those of controls at 5 weeks postirradiation. Counts of tissue eosinophils 5 weeks after 4.5 Gy irradiation had returned to control levels in jejunum but were still significantly depleted in colon. These experiments show that the high radiosensitivity of @entity35 intestinal @entity1139 is dose dependent, similar at four different levels in the gastrointestinal tract and does not lead to immediate release of granule protease; repopulation with @entity1139 does not begin until at 3 weeks postirradiation.

title: Dose-response studies of depletion and repopulation of XXXX intestinal mucosal mast cells after irradiation.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: A 54-year-old, @entity28 @entity1 suffered from massive symmetrical swelling of the face, especially of the upper and lower eyelids. Initially the swelling occurred intermittently, but after 2 years it was permanent and progressive markedly limiting her visual fields. Neither laboratory findings nor imaging procedures provided any firm evidence of an underlying cardiac, @entity8 . There was no suggestion of a @entity66 . Skin biopsy showed foam cells and @entity32 , so the @entity1 was tentatively diagnosed as having a monosymptomatic @entity7748 . Eyelid surgery was performed to improve her visual fields. Treatment with @entity13637 100 mg daily was initiated. Regular follow-up visits over 7 months revealed no evidence of recurrence. The @entity1 died a @entity1164 a few months later. The relatives refused an autopsy. The definite cause of her @entity4 remains unclear as we discuss the differential diagnostic possibilities.

title: [Persistent XXXX of unclear etiology. The differential diagnostic considerations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal or endocrinological disease']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity13637 :: ('MESH:D002991', 'Chemical') :: ['clofazimine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['storage disease']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['facial swelling']

entities_list: @entity7748 :: ('MESH:D008556', 'Disease') :: ['Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['facial swelling']


abstract: A @entity597 radical-based advanced oxidation process (SR-AOP) has received increasing application interest for the removal of water/wastewater contaminants. However, limited knowledge is available on its side effects. This study investigated the side effects in terms of the production of total organic @entity5497 (TOBr) and brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) in the presence of @entity4001 ion and organic matter in water. @entity597 radical was generated by heterogeneous catalytic activation of @entity15909 . Isolated natural organic matter (NOM) fractions as well as low molecular weight (LMW) compounds were used as model organic matter. Considerable amounts of TOBr were produced by SR-AOP, where @entity12777 (TBM) and @entity15910 (DBAA) were identified as dominant Br-DBPs. In general, SR-AOP favored the formation of DBAA, which is quite distinct from bromination with HOBr/ @entity15911 (more TBM production). SR-AOP experimental results indicate that @entity5497 incorporation is distributed among both hydrophobic and hydrophilic NOM fractions. Studies on model precursors reveal that LMW acids are reactive TBM precursors ( @entity1792 > @entity4588 > @entity2388 > @entity15912 ). High DBAA formation from @entity1792 , @entity2574 , and @entity2734 was observed; meanwhile @entity2574 and @entity2734 were the major precursors of @entity15913 and dibromoacetamide, respectively.

title: Formation of brominated disinfection byproducts from natural organic matter isolates and model compounds in a XXXX radical-based oxidation process.

entities_list: @entity15910 :: ('MESH:C088674', 'Chemical') :: ['dibromoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinic acid']

entities_list: @entity12777 :: ('MESH:C015044', 'Chemical') :: ['bromoform']

entities_list: @entity15912 :: ('MESH:C030272', 'Chemical') :: ['maleic acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity15909 :: ('MESH:C038288', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxymonosulfate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvic acid']

entities_list: @entity15913 :: ('MESH:C051715', 'Chemical') :: ['dibromoacetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity aggravates @entity3087 in @entity1 . Weight loss improves these disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the evolution of @entity3087 in @entity1 who have undergone bariatric surgery. @entity1 AND METHODS: A prospective single-center study was conducted from December  2012 to February  2014. The parameters studied were @entity6 , BMI, excess @entity353 , multiparity, mode of delivery and their relation to @entity28 and @entity3087 . We evaluated anorectal and urethral sphincter disorders using the PFDI-20 questionnaire preoperatively, at 1  month and then every 6  months thereafter. RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen @entity1 underwent bariatric surgery. Seventy questionnaires were completed preoperatively and postoperatively. Weight loss was significant with an excess @entity353 of 57.1%. The mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 44.5  6.31kg/m(2) (range: 35.0-63.23) to 31.83  5.83kg/m(2) (range: 20.9-49.6). The average length of follow-up was 11.3      5.2  months (range: 5-25). The incidence of urinary symptoms improved after surgery (P=0.003), as did the UDI-6 score (Urogenital distress inventory) (P=0.009). There was no improvement in other symptoms such as prolapse and @entity14 . CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity3087 is high among @entity28 @entity1 ; in this study, @entity14 were present in 53% and urinary disorders in 71.5%. Bariatric surgery-induced @entity353 led to improvement in urinary continence disorders when assessed over an average follow-up of 11  months.

title: Bariatric surgery improves female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor disorders']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal disorders', 'colorectal-anal dysfunction']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['pelvic floor disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) constitutes about 3% of solid @entity5 in adults. Unfortunately, in spite of continuous development of more and more efficient diagnostic methods, in about 30% of @entity1 with @entity1358 metastatic spread is found at presentation. Only in 1% of @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 metastases are limited exclusively to the head-and-neck region. We present a case of a male @entity1 in whom a @entity5 of the upper lip was the first symptom of advanced @entity703 . CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old male was admitted to the Urology Department due to a large @entity5 of the right kidney. About two months earlier the @entity1 noted a nodule located within the upper lip. In the same period painless @entity811 occurred twice, which was disregarded by the @entity1 . A CT scan of the chest and abdomen showed a large @entity5 of the kidney, multiple lung and bone metastases. The @entity1 underwent local surgical @entity5 and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: In natural history of @entity703 there is a risk of metastatic spread to the head-and-neck region. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen should be considered if a @entity5 of unknown origin is found within the head-and-neck region. Prognosis in case of confirmed metastatic @entity703 is unfavourable and @entity1 's treatment should be conducted in specialist centres.

title: An XXXX as the presenting symptom of metastatic @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['palliative renal artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'excision of the lip tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['upper lip tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective analysis of clinical data were conducted reviewing @entity1 who were given @entity3866 at Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital from May 2005 to December 2009. Relationships between clinical factors, @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mRNA expression, @entity470 gene mutations, @entity984 gene mutations and clinical outcomes were investigated in Chinese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: @entity1 with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 who had not previously participated in @entity3866 related clinical trials were enrolled into this study. All @entity1 were given oral @entity3866 150 mg per day. Tumor samples of some @entity1 were accessed with mutant-enriched polymerase chain reaction assay ( @entity470 , @entity984 gene mutations) and multiplex branched DNA assay ( @entity470 mRNA expression). RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity1 were enrolled in this study, 23 @entity1 had a partial response (PR), 36 @entity1 had a @entity66 ( @entity66 ), 20 @entity1 had a @entity1726 , with an objective response rate of 29.1%, and a disease control rate of 74.7%. Females (P = 0.023), non-smokers (P = 0.013), @entity1 with a @entity1910 (P = 0.047), and with highly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.037) were significantly correlated with the objective response rate. @entity1 with a lower ECOG PS (P = 0.002), highly differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.014), non-smokers (P = 0.002), and @entity1 with a @entity1910 (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with the disease control rate. The median progression-free survival was 35 weeks (95%CI: 13 - 57 weeks) and 1-year survival was 72.3%. Highly-differentiated @entity5 (P = 0.027) and @entity1 with a @entity1910 (P < 0.001) were significantly correlated with PFS. Seventeen @entity1 were tested for @entity470 / @entity984 gene mutations and @entity470 mRNA expression. Progression-free survival (PFS) of @entity1 with @entity470 exon 19/21 mutations was 66 weeks, longer than @entity1 with wild type @entity470 exon 19/21 (P = 0.018). No significant relationships were found between @entity470 mRNA expression, @entity470 exon 19/21 mutations, and @entity984 mutations and objective response rate or disease control rate. The most common adverse events were @entity1910 (60.9%) and @entity294 (26.6%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3866 was safe and effective in treating Chinese @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . The PFS of @entity1 who had a @entity1910 , highly differentiated @entity5 , or @entity470 exon 19/21 mutations was significantly longer.

title: Efficacy and clinical/molecular predictors of XXXX monotherapy for Chinese advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity3866 :: (MESH:C400278,Chemical) :: ['erlotinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study whether clinical characteristics can differentiate sporadic presentations of @entity3500 ( @entity3500 ) from @entity4681 ( @entity4681 ). Differentiation between these diseases is important for genetic counseling and prognostication. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : One hundred four Dutch @entity1 with an adult-onset, sporadic @entity4681 of at least 3 years' duration. @entity3500 was genetically confirmed in 14 @entity1 (7 with @entity12408 and 7 with @entity12429 mutations). RESULTS: All 14 @entity1 with the @entity12408 or @entity12429 mutation had symptom onset in the legs, and 1 of the @entity1 with the @entity12429 mutation also developed symptoms in the arms. Of the other 90 @entity1 , 78 (87%) had symptom onset in the legs. Thirty-six @entity1 developed a @entity4681 phenotype (bulbar region involvement), 15 had a phenotype that was difficult to classify as similar to @entity3500 or @entity4681 (involvement of legs and arms only), and 39 continued to have a phenotype similar to typical @entity3500 (involvement of the legs only). Median age at onset was lower in @entity1 with the @entity12408 or @entity12429 mutation (39 [range, 29-69] years), but there was considerable overlap with @entity1 with the @entity4681 phenotype (52 [range, 32-76] years). No differences were found in the features used by previous studies to distinguish @entity3500 from @entity4681 , including evidence of mild dorsal column impairment (decreased vibratory sense or abnormal leg somatosensory evoked potentials), symptoms of urinary urgency, or mild @entity854 . CONCLUSIONS: In most @entity1 with a sporadic adult-onset @entity4681 , differentiation of sporadic presentations of @entity3500 from @entity4681 based on clinical characteristics is unreliable and therefore depends on results of genetic testing.

title: Differentiation of @entity3500 from @entity4681 in sporadic adult-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['HSP', 'hereditary spastic paraparesis', 'Hereditary spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['primary lateral sclerosis', 'upper motor neuron syndrome', 'PLS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['electromyographic abnormalities']

answer: @entity4681 :: (MESH:D016472,Disease) :: ['upper motor neuron syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ) occurs in @entity1187 ( @entity4886 ) as well as various scenarios not associated with @entity4886 . HYPOTHESIS: Simple clinical criteria can reliably exclude @entity4886 among hospitalized @entity1 with elevated @entity6949 . METHODS: Records for @entity1 hospitalized from January to April 2011 with elevated @entity6949 (>0.29 ng/dL) and an available echocardiogram were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with ST-segment elevation @entity583 were excluded. Based on available clinical data, @entity1 were classified as having @entity4886 or elevation of @entity6949 unrelated to @entity4886 ( @entity4886 ). Median follow-up was 365 days. RESULTS: Of 265 records meeting inclusion criteria, 82 (31%) had @entity4886 and 183 (69%) had @entity4886 . In multivariable analysis, odds ratios for @entity4886 were 7.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-15.3) for peak @entity6949 <2 ng/dL, 6.3 (95% CI: 3.1-13.0) for absent wall-motion abnormality, and 4.4 (95% CI: 2.2-8.6) for no prior @entity453 history. The area under the receiver operating curve for amodel using these 3 variables was 0.86, with a 98% negative predictive value for excluding @entity4886 . @entity1 who met these 3 criteria had no @entity4886 -related deaths over 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized @entity1 with peak Tn level<2 ng/dL, no prior history of @entity453 , and no new echocardiographic wall-motion abnormality appear to have a very low likelihood of @entity4886 . Prospective validation of these results is needed to determine whether additional diagnostic testing could be safely avoided in hospitalized @entity1 meeting these simple clinical criteria.

title: Reliable exclusion of @entity1187 among hospitalized XXXX with elevated troponin.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTnI', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of @entity1406 CR/XL on the diurnal and exercise induced variation on Pulmonary Artery Pressure ( @entity2786 ) in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) by implanted ultrasonic device. BACKGROUND: @entity1406 produces haemodynamic and clinical benefits in @entity1 with @entity712 and improves survival rate. There is limited information about their effect on @entity2786 , its diurnal and exercise induced variation in @entity712 . This study evaluates the diurnal variation and effects of exercise capacity on @entity2786 and impact of @entity1406 CR/XL (XL) on these variations on @entity2786 in @entity712 @entity1 . METHODS: In this first-in- @entity1 study, ten NYHA class III/IV @entity1 were implanted with an ultrasonic pressure-monitoring device, followed a month later by loading with MXL 25 mg/day and uptitrated every two weeks to 200 mg/day. @entity2786 was measured at each follow up. Diurnal variation was evaluated at baseline (no MXL), 100, and 200 mg/day MXL. Treadmill Test (TMT) was performed before and at each uptitration. Echocardiography was performed at one year. RESULTS: Uptitrating MXL caused a slight initial rise in @entity2786 , followed by a subsequent decrease on reaching 200 mg/day dose. One @entity1 showed repeated symptomatic rise in @entity2786 indicating MXL intolerance and was discontinued from the uptitration. The nocturnal rise in @entity2786 at baseline was reduced on reaching 200 mg/day MXL dose. Uptitrating MXL to 200mg7divide;day improved exercise time and metabolic equivalent tasks (METS) with no significant change in post TMT @entity2786 . Ejection fraction also improved at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2786 increases post exercise and diurnally in @entity712 @entity1 . Slow and careful uptitration of MXL with simultaneous non-invasive monitoring of @entity2786 may benefit in nocturnal rise and exercise capacity in @entity712 @entity1 .

title: Effect of XXXX CR/XL on pulmonary artery pressure in @entity712 @entity1 assessed by an implanted ultrasonic device with special emphasis on diurnal variation and exercise capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['Metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Heart Failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

answer: @entity1406 :: (MESH:D008790,Chemical) :: ['Metoprolol']


abstract: A high incidence of @entity137 has recently been described in areas of relatively low @entity1496 intake. We studied the development of @entity8170 and @entity1374 in an area of relatively low @entity1496 intake (median 87 micrograms/h). The material comprised a total of 557 @entity1 admitted to our department in the period 1978-88. The follow-up material consisted of 214 @entity1 with a median age of 55 yr (19-86). Eighty-eight percent were females. The period of observation was 33 months (1-205). All @entity1 had technetium thyroid scans, serum T3, serum T4, T3 uptake test and serum TSH performed. TRH tests were performed in 58 @entity1 . During the follow-up period 45 @entity1613 @entity1 became @entity1378 (18%). The incidence increased with age, and the median age in the group, who developed @entity1378 , was 65 yr. An estimated minimal incidence of @entity137 was 23/100,000/yr. Contrary to previous assumption, @entity1378 developed frequently in elderly @entity1 with @entity8170 in a low @entity1496 intake area. @entity259 was found in 13 @entity1 corresponding an estimated incidence of 1.5/100,000/yr. The @entity5 incidence was very low compared to other nordic countries with high @entity1496 intake. This finding may suggest a possible influence of @entity1496 intake on the incidence of @entity259 .

title: Development of @entity8170 and @entity1374 in an area of relatively low XXXX intake.

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter', 'hyperthyroidism in nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic nodular goiter']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initially euthyroid']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid malignancies']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with superficial @entity150 , Stages Ta and T1, received chemoprophylactic treatment to prevent recurrences after the complete resection of the @entity75 . The prophylactic regimen consisted of endovesical instillations alternating @entity632 and @entity1138 . The first six instillations were given at weekly intervals. The remaining ten were given at monthly intervals beginning 4 weeks after the resection. At the mean follow-up time of 28 +/- 10 @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) months, 18 @entity1 (30%) had a recurrence. Twelve of these 18 @entity1 (20%) had a recurrence during treatment. The overall number of recurrences was 46 for a 100 @entity1 -months recurrence rate of 2.72. Nine @entity1 (15%) had a regression in stage and/or grade at the first recurrence, five (8.3%) had no change, and four (6.6%) had a worsening. At the first recurrence, the treatment was continued with augmented dosages of the same drugs. However, of 12 @entity1 undergoing such second-line treatment, only two did not have further @entity5 . In three @entity1 (5%), a subsequent muscle invasive @entity5 appeared. This two-drug treatment does not appear to be more effective than the usual one-drug prophylaxis. However, it does lead to an hypotheses about the chemosensitivity of the superficial @entity5 of the bladder and its correlation with the prognosis.

title: @entity632 plus XXXX regimen in the prophylactic treatment of superficial @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'standard deviations']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: A monophasic combination of @entity2082 plus @entity2692 or @entity8098 is the oral contraceptive with which we have most experience. A quadriphasic combination of @entity53 and @entity18725 was recently authorised in various European Union member states. The results of two non-comparative trials and one comparative trial versus @entity2082 + @entity2692 suggest that the contraceptive efficacy of the @entity53 + @entity18725 combination is no better than that of other oral contraceptives. In addition, there is no tangible difference in regulation of the menstrual cycle compared to the @entity2082 + @entity2692 combination, as assessed by bleeding during and after dosing. The @entity53 + @entity18725 combination has the same frequent and mild adverse effects as other combined contraceptives, such as @entity390 , breast tenderness and @entity10 . In contrast, little is known of the potential cardiovascular adverse effects of the new combination, including the risk of @entity715 . Use of this quadriphasic combination is inconvenient. The monthly blister pack contains 5 different tablets, with different compositions, that must be taken in exactly the right order. In addition, a @entity1 must follow complicated directions for catching up if she misses a pill, and they differ throughout the cycle. In practice, it is better to continue to use a well-documented combined contraceptive such as the monophasic @entity2082 + @entity2692 combination.

title: @entity53 + @entity18725 . Oral contraception: XXXX does not provide a therapeutic advantage.

entities_list: @entity8098 :: ('MESH:D009640', 'Chemical') :: ['norethisterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity18725 :: ('MESH:C023635', 'Chemical') :: ['dienogest']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Expression of the @entity14940 brlA gene plays a fundamental role in the switch from vegetative growth to @entity249 . Using a media-shifting protocol to induce submerged sporulation and brlA-lacZ as an expression marker, it was shown that @entity505 and @entity1568 starvation stress induced brlA transcription to different degrees. @entity413 starvation induced briA rapidly to high levels and resulted in spore formation on reduced conidiophores, whereas @entity1568 starvation induced brlA gradually to lower levels and sporulation occurred to a lesser extent but from more complex conidiophores. beta-Galactosidase activity paralleled brlA alpha and brlA beta mRNA. No clear qualitative differences between the two brlA transcripts were found in these starvation conditions, suggesting that the different patterns of sporulation could be explained by quantitative expression differences. Since brlA mRNA did not accumulate in the presence of a high @entity413 concentration, we investigated the role of other @entity505 sources on brlA expression. Non-repressing @entity505 sources such as @entity653 , @entity598 and @entity4583 were as effective as @entity413 in preventing brlA mRNA accumulation, suggesting that the @entity413 effects on brlA expression could be explained as a response to nutrient starvation, rather than by @entity505 catabolite repression. Despite similar low levels of brlA transcripts being detected during growth in @entity413 or non-repressing @entity505 sources, conidiophores were formed only in medium containing @entity653 , @entity598 or @entity4583 . When mycelia were not shifted to starvation conditions, sporulation was not observed in standard minimal medium even after @entity413 was exhausted, unless the medium was buffered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Starvation stress modulates the expression of the XXXX brlA regulatory gene.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['asexual reproduction']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity14940 :: ('162425', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity14940 :: (162425,Species) :: ['Aspergillus nidulans']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of @entity208 to prevent @entity12828 and @entity788 after @entity10747 (PEP). METHODS: One hundred and seventy @entity1 were enrolled and randomized to two groups: a study group (n = 85) who received 300 mg of oral @entity208 at 15 h and 3 h before @entity10747 ( @entity10747 ) and a control group (n = 85) receiving an oral placebo at the same times. Main Outcome Measurements included serum amylase levels and the number severity of the episodes of @entity788 . Serum amylase levels were classified as normal (< 150 IU/L) or @entity12828 (> 151 IU/L). Episodes of PEP were classified following Ranson's criteria and CT severity index. RESULTS: Gender distribution was similar between groups. Mean age was 53.5 +/- 18.9 years for study group and 52.8 +/- 19.8 years for controls. Also, the distribution of benign pathology was similar between groups. @entity12828 was more common in the control group (P = 0.003). Mild PEP developed in two @entity1 from the study group (2.3%) and eight (9.4%) from control group (P = 0.04), seven episodes were observed in high-risk @entity1 of the control group (25%) and one in the @entity208 group (3.3%, P = 0.02). Risk factors for PEP were precut sphincterotomy (P = 0.02), pancreatic duct manipulation (P = 0.002) and multiple procedures (P = 0.000). There were no deaths or side effects. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity208 before @entity10747 decreased the incidences of @entity12828 and @entity788 in @entity1 submitted to high-risk procedures.

title: Oral @entity208 to prevent @entity12828 and acute pancreatitis after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography', 'ERCP']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperamylasemia', 'hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity10747 :: (MESH:D012183,Disease) :: ['endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of @entity12122 compared with placebo in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity22 associated with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). METHODS: A 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated efficacy and safety of high- or low-dose @entity12122 (1 or 2 mg in @entity1 aged 6-11 years, 2 or 3 mg in @entity1 ages 12-17 years), given every evening, in 486 @entity1 with @entity71 -related @entity22 . The primary efficacy variable was change in latency to persistent @entity25 from baseline to week 12, based on polysomnography. Key secondary measures were polysomnography-measured wake time after @entity25 onset, Clinical Global Impression Parent/Caregiver and @entity1 scales, and the Conners' @entity71 rating scales. The safety of @entity12122 was further studied over 1 year of open-label treatment in 55 @entity1 who completed the double-blind study, and 249 @entity1 with no previous @entity12122 exposure. RESULTS: Neither low-dose nor high-dose @entity12122 significantly reduced latency to persistent @entity25 compared with placebo after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes were considered nonsignificant based on the hierarchical statistical analysis plan. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events over 12 weeks with @entity12122 were @entity10 , @entity2342 , and @entity1296 . The study results demonstrated that @entity12122 was well tolerated over 1 year of treatment, with 11.2% of @entity1 discontinuing open-label treatment because of an adverse event. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12122 (up to 3 mg) failed to reduce latency to persistent @entity25 on polysomnography after 12 weeks in @entity1 aged 6 to 17 years with @entity71 -related @entity22 . @entity12122 was well tolerated in the 1-year study.

title: XXXX for @entity22 associated with @entity71 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['dysgeusia']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity12122 :: ('MESH:C515051', 'Chemical') :: ['Eszopiclone', 'eszopiclone']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity12122 :: (MESH:C515051,Chemical) :: ['Eszopiclone']


abstract: Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of @entity5 cells and contributes to a host of properties associated with resistance to radiotherapy. Detection of radiation-induced biochemical changes can reveal unique metabolic pathways affecting radiosensitivity that may serve as attractive therapeutic targets. Using clinically relevant doses of radiation, we performed label-free single cell Raman spectroscopy on a series of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines and detected radiation-induced accumulation of intracellular glycogen. The increase in glycogen post-irradiation was highest in lung ( @entity1 ) and breast (MCF7) @entity5 cells compared to prostate (LNCaP) @entity5 cells. In response to radiation, the appearance of this glycogen signature correlated with radiation resistance. Moreover, the buildup of glycogen was linked to the phosphorylation of @entity9459 , a canonical modulator of cell survival following radiation exposure and a key regulator of glycogen metabolism. When MCF7 cells were irradiated in the presence of the anti- @entity6 drug @entity2449 , there was a significant decrease in the amount of radiation-induced glycogen. The suppression of glycogen by @entity2449 following radiation was associated with increased radiosensitivity. In contrast to MCF7 cells, @entity2449 had minimal effects on both the level of glycogen in @entity1 cells following radiation and radiosensitivity. Our data demonstrate a novel approach of spectral monitoring by Raman spectroscopy to assess changes in the levels of intracellular glycogen as a potential marker and resistance mechanism to radiation therapy.

title: Radiation-Induced Glycogen Accumulation Detected by Single Cell Raman Spectroscopy Is Associated with Radioresistance that Can Be Reversed by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: 1. Hepatic arterial and portal venous blood flow and hepatic @entity26 consumption were measured in two groups of greyhounds anaesthetized with @entity4485 . Flows were measured with electromagnetic flowmeters. 2. In the first group the effects of @entity520 produced by the infusion of a molar solution of @entity880 were studied. In the second group the effects of @entity5838 produced by the infusion of a molar solution of @entity4388 were studied. 3. In the acidotic group hepatic arterial blood flow decreased from 35.2 to 9.6 ml @entity1009 100 g-1 of liver whereas portal venous blood flow increased from 94.2 to 126.1 ml @entity1009 100g-1 of liver. Total liver blood flow was unchanged. Hepatic @entity26 consumption increased, but not significantly, while hepatic venous @entity26 content decreased significantly. Hepatic arterial resistance increased from 1.18 to 2.77 mmHg @entity1009 ml-1 while peripheral resistance was virtually unchanged. Portal venous pressure increased from 7.08 to 11.6 mmHg. 4. In the alkalotic group portal venous blood flow increased from 112 to 137 ml @entity1009 100 g-1 of liver. Hepatic arterial blood flow increased, but not significantly. Total liver blood flow increased from 151 to 185 ml @entity1009 100 mg-1 of liver. There were no significant changes in hepatic @entity26 consumption. 5. It is concluded that @entity520 reduces the supply of @entity26 to the liver owing to the @entity1503 and is therefore potentially harmful, whereas @entity5838 probably has no biologically significant effect on liver blood flow.

title: Liver blood flow and XXXX consumption during @entity520 and @entity5838 in the greyhound.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity5838 :: ('MESH:D000471', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic alkalosis']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in hepatic arterial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: A 34,000-Da @entity141 -dependent membrane binding protein (34K) was purified from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. Specific antibodies to this protein were raised in @entity95 , and radioimmunoassay was used to test the presence of 34K in different tissues of Torpedo as well as in other species. In Torpedo, not only the electric organ, but also the muscle, the spleen, and the liver contained 34K antigenicity. Blood was the only tissue in which 34K antigenicity could not be detected. A 34,000-Da protein (Mr 32,000-36,000) that bound to Torpedo @entity934 receptor ( @entity10514 )-rich membrane in a @entity141 -dependent manner and cross-reacted with anti-(Torpedo 34K) antibody was found in @entity1573 muscle, @entity35 muscle, marine mollusk (Aplysia) central ganglia, and @entity35 and @entity1 brain. The concentration of 34K seems to be controlled during development. Chicken 34K antigenicity reached a peak on embryonic day 18, declined, and finally gained its maximal value after synaptic maturation. The @entity10514 concentration in @entity1573 legs also changed in the course of muscle development, although it showed a peak on embryonic day 12 and then declined rapidly. In @entity35 diaphragm, both AChRs and 34K were concentrated in the subsynaptic region. Transection of the phrenic nerve induced the synthesis of AChRs in postsynaptic muscle fibers. This operation did not increase the amount of 34K in the diaphragm. On the contrary, it reduced 34K content to the extrasynaptic level. Taken together, these results support the idea that 34K is an important structural constituent of mature synapses, an observation suggesting the involvement of this protein in the function of the mature synapse.

title: Control of the amount of a 34K XXXX -dependent membrane binding protein (calelectrin).

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: The biochemical modulators @entity19598 , an inhibitor of @entity492 transcarbamylase which depletes uridine @entity377 pools, and @entity20693 ( @entity20694 ) which inhibits @entity10043 metabolism, selectively potentiate the antitumor activity of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) in preclinical models. Based on a phase I trial of this combination, we performed a phase II trial in @entity1 with advanced @entity788 . @entity19598 250 mg/m2 was administered i.v. on day 1, followed 24h later by @entity20694 150 mg/m2 as a bolus i.v. injection, and @entity1487 2300 mg/m2 by 24h infusion. Treatments were repeated weekly. Seventeen @entity1 , all previously untreated with chemotherapy, were entered, of whom 14 are evaluable for response. @entity137 > or = grade 2 included @entity390 (6/17), @entity391 (4/17), @entity294 (3/17), @entity3136 (5/17), and @entity2359 (2/17). Among 14 evaluable @entity1 there were no partial responses, and two @entity1 with stable disease. Pretreatment with @entity19598 and @entity20694 is insufficient to enhance the activity of @entity1487 in @entity788 .

title: Phase II trial of @entity19598 and @entity20693 ( @entity20694 ) in combination with @entity1487 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity20693 :: ('MESH:D008778', 'Chemical') :: ['6-methylmercaptopurine riboside']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Multiple scoring systems exist to identify inpatients who are at risk for clinical deterioration. None of these systems have been evaluated in an obstetric population. We examined the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) and @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ) criteria in pregnant @entity1 with @entity5870 . STUDY DESIGN: This was an 18-month retrospective analysis of @entity1 with @entity5870 . @entity1850 and @entity3517 scores were calculated; clinical outcomes were ascertained, and test characteristics were calculated for the primary outcome of @entity295 , intensive care unit transfer, or @entity204 . RESULTS: Nine hundred thirteen @entity1 with @entity5870 were identified. Five @entity1 experienced @entity295 ; there was 1 @entity204 . Five hundred seventy-five of the 913 @entity1 (63%) met @entity1850 criteria (95% confidence interval, 59.8-66.2%; positive predictive value, 0.9%). Ninety-two of the 913 @entity1 (10.3%) had a @entity3517 score of >=  5 (95% confidence interval, 8.3-12.2%; positive predictive value, 0.05%). CONCLUSION: @entity1850 and @entity3517 criteria do not identify accurately @entity1 who are at risk for intensive care unit transfer, @entity295 , or @entity204 among pregnant @entity1 with @entity281 and should not be used in an obstetric setting.

title: Existing models fail to predict XXXX in an obstetric population with @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['Modified Early Warning score', 'MEWS']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine infection']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['SIRS', 'Systemic Inflammatory Response syndrome']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: Our laboratory has recently been involved in investigating factors which influence plasticity of neurotransmitter phenotypic expression both in vivo and in culture. Our previous studies have shown that precursor neuroblasts are pluripotential with respect to neurotransmitter phenotype and respond differentially to microenvironmental signals. In the present study, we examined phenotypic expression in @entity521 cells, P2 clone, using the activities of @entity1877 acetyltransferase ( @entity4268 ) and @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) as neuronal markers for the cholinergic and catecholaminergic phenotypes, respectively. Cells were plated and grown for 4 days in culture, harvested and frozen for assay of @entity4268 and TH. Basal activity of @entity4268 was 2.47 +/- 0.22 nmoles Ach formed /h/mg protein and that of TH was 5.23 +/- 0.41 pmoles @entity515 formed /h/mg protein in control cultures. When intracellular @entity268 levels were increased by addition to the growth medium of 10 micrograms/ml @entity5015 (PGE1; a receptor-mediated enhancer of @entity1920 cyclase activity) or 200 micrograms/ml @entity1926 (an inhibitor of @entity1921 phosphodiesterase) the activity of TH was increased 340- and 423-fold, respectively. In marked contrast, the activity of @entity4268 was not affected by either agent. Double staining immunocytochemical examination demonstrated that both @entity4268 and TH were colocalized in the same cell. The molecular mechanism whereby catecholaminergic expression exclusively is affected in this cell model is currently under investigation. We conclude that (1) P2 @entity521 is a pluripotential cell line, (2) phenotypic expression in a homogenous cell population, such as P2 @entity521 , is differentially regulated. Moreover, this cell line is a unique model for studying the molecular mechanisms of phenotypic expression and neuronal plasticity.

title: Differential regulation of phenotypic expression in a XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1921 :: ('CHEBI:23447', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['pluripotential neuroblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To measure occupational exposures to environmental @entity286 smoke in diverse settings, including offices and production areas, and to evaluate the effectiveness of policies that restrict or ban smoking in the workplace. DESIGN: Survey. The average weekly concentration of environmental @entity286 smoke was measured with passive monitors that sample @entity1239 . Approximately 25 samples were placed in each worksite for 1 week. SETTING: Twenty-five Massachusetts worksites, including fire stations, newspaper publishers, textile dyeing plants, and manufacturers of valves, fiberoptics, flight instruments, batteries, adhesives, semiconductor equipment, filters, and tools and dies. Samples were collected in offices and production areas. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution of @entity1239 concentrations in various work settings as a function of company smoking policy. These data were interpreted with three approaches: comparing measured concentrations with a published risk assessment; comparing occupational exposures with home exposures; and evaluating the "cigarette equivalents" to which workers were exposed. RESULTS: Worksite smoking policy had a major effect on the @entity1239 concentrations, which fell from a median of 8.6 micrograms/m3 in the open offices at worksites that allowed smoking to 1.3 micrograms/m3 in sites that restricted smoking, and to 0.3 microgram/m3 in worksites that banned smoking. The nonoffice workspaces were affected similarly, with median concentrations of 2.3, 0.7, and 0.2 microgram/m3 at worksites that allowed, restricted, and banned smoking, respectively. CONCLUSION: All three evaluation methods indicated that occupational exposure to environmental @entity286 smoke presents a substantial risk to workers in the absence of a policy restricting or banning smoking.

title: Occupational exposure to environmental XXXX smoke.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: In @entity35 , esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis (EGDA) without concomitant chemical carcinogen treatment can lead to @entity418 ( @entity418 ) including @entity4648 , @entity1141 , and @entity420 ( @entity420 ). This study describes the morphology and phenotypic features of @entity418 and @entity420 in the @entity35 model and compares them with the corresponding lesions in @entity1 @entity355 ( @entity355 ). Swiss roll preparations of esophagi of EGDA @entity35 and biopsies from @entity1 @entity355 containing specialized intestinal @entity4648 (SIM) and @entity420 were examined. The esophagi of EGDA @entity35 showed @entity2910 , @entity418 , islands of @entity7944 ( @entity7944 ), @entity1141 and @entity420 . The @entity418 had features of specialized intestinal @entity4648 . @entity7944 frequently occurred at the neo-squamocolumnar junction and occasionally in the mid-esophagus in isolated foci. Scattered mucinous cells in esophageal squamous epithelium were also found. The @entity418 and @entity7944 in EGDA @entity35 resembled the lesions described in @entity1 @entity355 in morphology, @entity3558 features and expression of differentiation markers ( @entity5822 , @entity2225 , Das-1, villin, and @entity3559 / @entity3559 ). Invasive @entity420 in EGDA @entity35 is of well-differentiated mucinous type, which is in contrast to the variably differentiated glandular type of @entity420 in @entity1 @entity355 . @entity876 , @entity517 , and @entity3840 are expressed in both the @entity35 and @entity1 SIM and @entity420 . These studies indicate that, not withstanding small differences, SIM and @entity420 induced in EGDA @entity35 are similar to the corresponding lesions in @entity1 @entity355 . EGDA @entity35 may serve as a useful model to study the pathogenesis, molecular biology, and chemopreventive interventions of @entity1 @entity355 and @entity420 .

title: Phenotype of @entity418 in @entity35 with esophagogastroduodenal anastomosis: similarity to @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", 'BE']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['multilayered epithelium', 'MLE']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['columnar-lined esophagus', 'CLE']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of airflow limitation and the frequency of significant reversibility in @entity1729 in adults without known @entity565 or @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). We also wanted to study the association between airflow limitation and aetiological agents diagnosed by serological analyses. Spirometry was performed in 574 adult general practice @entity1 with @entity1729 , and follow-up measurement was obtained in 429 of them. In the latter group, we also obtained paired sera for analysis of anti-bodies against respiratory viruses, chlamydial and mycoplasmal agents. Median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in all @entity1 included was 90% of predicted; significantly lower in @entity1 with an established diagnosis of @entity565 or @entity1030 , compared to those without, 77 and 91% predicted, respectively. Among the @entity1 without known @entity565 or @entity1030 there was a strong association between low FEV1 and the symptoms cough and dyspnoea. Both acute-phase and follow-up FEV1 was measured in 395 of the @entity1 without known @entity565 or @entity1030 , and a significant increase in median value from 92 to 96% was registered. A reversibility of FEV1 of > 15% was measured in 23% of the 395 @entity1 , uninfluenced by anti- @entity565 treatment in the great majority. @entity1 with an established viral, mycoplasmal or chlamydial infection had a significantly lower FEV1 at entry and a greater reversibility, compared to those without such aetiological diagnosis. We conclude that reversible @entity3885 was particularly common in the @entity1 diagnosed as having acute @entity3617 , but that it was found in the @entity1 @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity1729 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Reversible airflow limitation in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper or lower respiratory tract infection', 'respiratory infections', 'upper respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory infection']


abstract: In psychological health treatment studies it has been shown that differences between therapists account for some of the non-specific effect of treatment but this phenomenon has not so far systematically been investigated in @entity85 . In this study we evaluated and compared the size and potential influence of the 'practitioner effect' (or 'therapist effect') in three randomised treatment trials of @entity1643 and @entity4048 @entity1 in primary care. We calculated the proportion of variance in outcomes attributable to differences across practitioners, i.e. the practitioner-variance partition coefficient (p-vpc). As measures of outcome, we focused on self-reported disability as the primary outcome, but we also investigated assessed psychological outcomes. The p-vpc for the disability measures ranged from 2.6% to 7.1% across trials and time points (post treatment and follow up). Estimates differed between treatment subgroups within trials; being highest in treatment subgroups assigned to psychosocial-based interventions. A 'practitioner effect' does exist and is more pronounced in treatments involving greater psychosocial emphasis. This has implications for both practice and research in this clinical area. It highlights the importance of @entity1 -practitioner interactions, and the need to address practitioner effects in designing and analysing outcome studies in @entity1643 and @entity4048 in primary care.

title: Measuring practitioner/therapist effects in randomised trials of XXXX and @entity4048 interventions in primary care settings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the current study was to assess social interaction (SI) following acute and repeated @entity888 (MA) administration. @entity35 were injected with 5.0   mg/kg of MA and SI was tested 30   min or 24   h later. In another group of animals, MA sensitization was induced using 5.0   mg/kg of MA, and SI was assessed after 1 or 30 days of abstinence. SI was reduced in @entity35 injected with MA 30   min, but not 24   h, before testing, compared with saline controls. Impaired SI was observed in combination with active avoidance of the conspecific animal. Repeated injections of MA progressively reduced locomotor activity and increased stereotypy, indicating that animals were sensitized. However, no differences in SI were observed 24   h or 30 days following the induction of sensitization. The absence of detectable differences in SI following MA sensitization may be attributable to the relatively short regimen used to induce sensitization. However, the current series of experiments provides evidence that an acute injection of MA decreases SI and simultaneously increases avoidance behavior, which supports a link between psychostimulant use and @entity73 . These data suggest that the acute injection model may provide a useful model to explore the neural basis of @entity73 and @entity146 .

title: XXXX -induced deficits in social interaction are not observed following abstinence from single or repeated exposures.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired social functioning']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial behavior']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate @entity1 - and procedure-related factors associated with hospital re-admission (HR) and re-hospitalization following flexible ureteroscopy (f-URS). @entity1 AND METHODS: The records of @entity1 who underwent f-URS for @entity1290 in two reference centers between 2011 and 2015 were examined retrospectively. @entity1 who were re-admitted to the hospital or re-hospitalized for any reason within 30  days after hospital discharge related to the f-URS procedure were evaluated. The @entity1 - and procedure-related factors affecting the re-admission and re-hospitalization rates were revealed using backward stepwise multiple binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study included 647 @entity1 with a mean age of 46.1      13.7  years. The mean BMI was 27.3      4.6  kg/m(2), and the median ASA score was 1.85. The mean stone diameter was 14.2      5.3  mm. The mean operation and fluoroscopy times were 50.2      16.9  min and 43.1      37.6  s, respectively. The mean hospitalization time was 1.42      0.84  days, and the complication rate was 12.8  % (83/647). Overall, 523 (80.3  %) @entity1 became stone-free, while residual fragments <4  mm were detected in 73 (11.3  %) @entity1 . The procedure failed in 7.9  % of the cases. While 82 (12.7  %) @entity1 were re-admitted, 31 (4.8  %) @entity1 were re-hospitalized for further treatment. Stone-free status was an independent predictor of HR, while the stone-free status, hospitalization time, and postoperative complications all predicted re-hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: We found that inability to achieve stone-free status predicted HR and re-hospitalization, while postoperative complication and prolonged hospitalization also predicted re-hospitalization.

title: Which factors affect the hospital re-admission and re-hospitalization after flexible XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['ureterorenoscopy for kidney stone']


abstract: Coeliacia is a genetically determined disease with pathogenesis underlain by altered activity of HLA genes. The aim of this work was to assess the HLA status of @entity1 suffering coeliacia from Belarus. Typing of HLA classes 1 and 2 was undertaken in 25 @entity1 . HLA class 1 and 2 genes were identified in 200 and 106 healthy subjects respectively that served as controls. 23 @entity1 were found to have at least one classical risk allele (DQA1*05, DQD1*02, @entity3098 *302) and 11 proved homozygous for @entity3098 *02. Two @entity1 had none of the risk alleles but carried @entity3098 *08, @entity3098 *05, A2, B7, @entity12607 , Cw6, Cw7, @entity13620 , and @entity20484 . The occurence of @entity3098 *03 (RR = 15.2, 95%; CI 5.47-42.21); @entity3098 *02 (RR = 12.2, 95%; CI 3.40-43.03); B8 (RR = 13.01, 95%; CI 5.19-32.76); Cw7 (RR = 4,5, 95%; CI 1,71-11,66) in @entity1 with coeliacia was significantly higher than in controls. Moreover, a positive relationship was documented between the disease and A2- @entity12607 haplotype (RR = 4.2, 95%; CI 1.44-12.19) and negative correlation between the disease and @entity3098 *0301, 0303 (RR = 0.2, 95%; CI 0.66-0.57). It is concluded that Belorussians suffering coeliacia exhibit typical immunogenetic characteristics inherent in this disease. More extensive studies are needed to elucidate its population-specific features.

title: [Class 1 and 2 HLA in coeliacia XXXX in Belarus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the many recent advances in thoracic surgery, the management of @entity1 with recurrent, nonmalignant @entity4501 remains problematic, controversial, and challenging. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, we treated 8 @entity1 with RTEF. Closure of the original tracheoesophageal fistula had been attempted once in 5 @entity1 , twice in 2 @entity1 , and 4 times in 1 @entity1 , all in different institutions. Four cases necessitated right posterolateral thoracotomy and cervical exposure, 2 cases cervical and abdominal incision, and 1 case right posterolateral thoracotomy, with abdominal and cervical exposure. With the exception of the 2 @entity1 whose excluded esophagus was used to substitute for the @entity825 membranous wall, the damaged tracheal segment was removed. In general, a pedicled mediastinal pleural flap was pulled into the neck to increase the safety of the tracheal @entity254 formed with the @entity825 , and (or) to separate the suture lines of the two organs. RESULTS: A single intervention was sufficient for all 8 @entity1 : no reoperation was necessary, and there was no perioperative mortality. Transient reflux, @entity1661 , and @entity1353 in response to forced physical exertion occurred in 1 case each. Only 1 @entity1 subsequently takes medication regularly for @entity354 . CONCLUSIONS: Separation initiated from the tracheal bifurcation, a pedicled mediastinal pleural flap pulled into the neck, a tracheal @entity254 sewn onto the cricoid cartilage with avoidance of its posterolateral elbow, a shaped Dumon stent (Novatech, Plan de Grasse, France) with an individually fenestrated tracheostomy cannula, and endoscopy-assisted, transhiatal vagal-preserving esophageal exclusion all served as successful elements of our surgical procedures.

title: Recurrent, nonmalignant XXXX and the need for surgical improvisation.

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux disease']

answer: @entity4501 :: (MESH:D014138,Disease) :: ['tracheoesophageal fistulas']


abstract: 53 @entity1 were followed up for an average of 3 years after renal transplantation for evaluation of disturbances in @entity460 - @entity3151 metabolism and @entity1141 . @entity86 and @entity5886 can be related to persistence of @entity2742 when kidney function is restored. @entity2741 was observed in 43% of the @entity1 and lasted less than one year in 80% of cases. Transient @entity5886 was present in 15%. These abnormalities did not cause clinical symptoms or deterioration of renal function. However, the @entity1141 are more impressive and in the first @entity2331 . Bone densitometry revealed decreased bone mineral content in two thirds of the females and one fifth of the males. In females the bone density decreased 3.3% during an average observation period of 7 months, but remained constant in males. @entity8 is the main cause of the initial @entity2331 . The absence of remineralization or the progression of bone losses is related to the initial persistence of @entity2742 and to corticosteroid treatment. According, 12.5% of the @entity1 presented @entity174 (spine, hip). In 3 @entity1 (5.7%) with reduced transplant function, @entity4772 without @entity5886 was observed. 4 @entity1 (7.5%) had @entity2530 of the femoral head. There was little progression and surgery was not necessary.

title: [Disturbances of the @entity460 - XXXX metabolism and @entity1141 following kidney transplantation].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal osteodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathological fractures']

entities_list: @entity5886 :: ('MESH:D017674', 'Disease') :: ['hypophosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'place osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal diseases']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) is a serious @entity203 that results in @entity204 in approximately 25% to 50% of @entity1 . There is controversy over whether SCORTEN accurately predicts mortality or if treatment interventions such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) can alter mortality. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether SCORTEN accurately predicts mortality in this cohort, whether IVIg improved survival, and which drugs and medical comorbidities impacted mortality. METHODS: We summarize our experience prospectively over 5 years and 82 @entity1 . @entity1 either received supportive care, intravenous immunoglobulin, or @entity205 as treatment. All @entity1 had a SCORTEN on admission, an offending drug on record, and a list of medical comorbidities. RESULTS: Of the 82 @entity1 , 29% died from @entity137 . SCORTEN accurately predicted mortality in this cohort with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 in a receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. A Kaplan-Meier curve did not show improved mortality if @entity1 received IVIg versus supportive care (P = .9). Medications most often responsible for @entity137 were @entity206 / @entity207 , followed by anticonvulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, and @entity208 . LIMITATIONS: This prospective cohort study design is not as ideal as @entity1 presenting for a randomized controlled trial. CONCLUSIONS: SCORTEN was an accurate predictor of mortality in this cohort. Age older than 40 years, the presence of @entity209 and/or @entity210 , higher body surface area involvement, higher SCORTEN, and higher number of medical comorbidities statistically significantly increased risk of @entity204 . IVIg did not significantly alter mortality. Although the highest number of cases was due to @entity206 / @entity207 , the greatest proportion of @entity204 was due to @entity208 .

title: XXXX : five years of treatment experience from a burn unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore the potential of computerised adaptive testing (CAT) for measuring health status in @entity626 . METHOD: Three hundred and fifty-one @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) answered 118 questions from a range of widely used questionnaires. Three dimensions relevant to knee @entity571 were identified by expert opinion as ' @entity158 , mental and emotional status'; 'self-care and household activities' and 'mobility and social activities'. Confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ) was used to test the relationship between the items and their dimensions. After @entity3795 , these dimensions were subjected to Rasch analysis to calibrate the items onto an interval scale. A CAT was developed for each dimension, and the results checked against simulated applications from 10,000 simulees. RESULTS: After @entity3795 and Rasch analysis, 14, 22 and 23 items remained in the first, second and third dimensions, respectively. Items were mostly free of differential item functioning for age, gender and duration of disease. Reliability exceeded 0.87 for each dimension. The health status levels generated using item banks and those obtained from the simulated CAT application were highly correlated (i.e. >0.91 for each dimension). On average, 8, 10 and 10 items were used to estimate the health status levels using the CAT for the first, second and third dimensions respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Using a combination approach of @entity3795 and Rasch analysis, this study has shown that it is possible to calibrate items onto a single metric in a way that can be used to provide the basis of a CAT application.

title: An application of computerised adaptive testing for measuring health status in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: We studied the association of serum levels of @entity1426 (AA) and @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) with the prevalence of major adverse @entity299 (MACE) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). We measured serum AA and @entity8393 on admission in 146 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 . The primary clinical endpoint was occurrence of MACE, defined as @entity204 , occurrence of @entity712 , reinfarction, recurrent @entity951 , and requirement of coronary intervention. Common logarithmic transformed serum levels of AA (logAA) and @entity8393 (logEPA) were used in the analyses. The optimum cutoff point of each @entity844 used to distribute @entity1 into two groups for Kaplan-Meier analysis was determined by receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. MACE occurred in 40 @entity1 (27.4%). Kaplan-Meier analysis disclosed that the group with a logAA above the cutoff point [145.3  g/mL (logAA 2.162)] showed a higher prevalence of MACE than those with a logAA below the cutoff point (P < 0.01). Conversely, the prevalence of MACE was significantly higher in the group with a logEPA below the cutoff point [52.3  g/mL (logEPA 1.719)] compared to the group with a logEPA above it (P < 0.01). Similar to logAA, logAA/logEPA showed significant differences in the MACE-free curve between the two groups (cutoff 1.301, P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis suggested that logAA, logEPA, and logAA/logEPA were independently associated with the prevalence of MACE. Although the present study included a limited number of @entity1 with single-time point measurement, the results suggested an association of logAA, logEPA, and logAA/logEPA with the prevalence of MACE after @entity583 . The present study warrants further studies involving a large number of @entity1 to confirm that the serum levels of these @entity1718 and their ratios are predictors of MACE after @entity583 .

title: Association of serum levels of @entity1426 and @entity7784 with prevalence of major adverse @entity299 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Simple admission laboratory values can be used to classify @entity1 with necrotizing soft-tissue infection (NSTI) into high and low mortality risk groups. DESIGN: Chart review. SETTING: Public teaching hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 with NSTI from 1997 through 2006. INTERVENTIONS: Variables analyzed included medical history, admission vital signs, laboratory values, and microbiologic findings. Data analyses included univariate and classification and regression tree analyses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mortality. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-four @entity1 were identified with NSTI. The overall mortality rate was 21 of 124 (17%). On univariate analysis, factors associated with mortality included a history of @entity5 (P = .03), intravenous drug abuse (P < .001), low systolic blood pressure on admission (P = .03), base deficit (P = .009), and elevated white blood cell count (P = .06). On exploratory classification and regression tree analysis, admission serum @entity880 and @entity1372 levels were predictors of mortality, with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 28%, positive predictive value of 23%, and negative predictive value of 100%. A serum @entity880 level greater than or equal to 54.1 mg/dL (6 mmol/L) alone was associated with a 32% mortality, whereas a serum @entity1372 level greater than or equal to 135 mEq/L combined with a @entity880 level less than 54.1 mg/dL was associated with a mortality of 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality for NSTIs remains high. A simple model, using admission serum @entity880 and serum @entity1372 levels, may help identify @entity1 at greatest risk for @entity204 .

title: Use of admission serum XXXX and @entity1372 levels to predict mortality in necrotizing soft-tissue infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: A method was developed, using a 0.25% agar matrix, to incorporate varying concentrations of @entity4722 and correlate cercarial transformation and @entity9610 production in vitro. @entity380 cercariae were stimulated to penetrate over a wide range of @entity4722 concentrations; however, the transformation process occurred over a narrow range. Approximately 25% of cercariae penetrated the agar matrix in controls (no @entity4722 ) and 0.003 mM @entity4722 . Penetration rates rose gradually until, at @entity4722 concentrations of 0.3 mM or greater, penetration approached 100%. The transformation process did not begin until the @entity4722 concentration in agar reached 2.0 mM (3.8%), and achieved maximum (91%) at 3.0 mM. A concentration of 9.0 mM @entity4722 gave 100% penetration and transformation rates, but penetration was superficial and cercariae were not viable. Cercarial eicosanoid production was concentration-related. Various eicosanoid classes were associated with cercarial penetration and transformation. Penetration rates were correlated with increasing leukotriene (LT, R = 0.9541) and @entity11901 ( @entity11117 , R = 0.8363) levels, while transformation rates correlated with increasing @entity3009 levels (R = 0.9225). Correlating eicosanoid production with penetration and transformation rates strengthened the hypothesis that successful cercarial penetration and transformation are dependent on both skin essential @entity844 levels and resulting cercarial eicosanoid production.

title: XXXX : production of cercarial eicosanoids as correlates of penetration and transformation.

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity11901 :: ('CHEBI:36275', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional silencing process, triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), leading to the destabilization of homologous mRNAs. A distinction has been made between endogenous RNAi-related pathways and the exogenous RNAi pathway, the latter being essential for the experimental use of RNAi. Previous studies have shown that, in @entity2199 , a complex containing the enzymes Dicer and the Argonaute @entity23692 process dsRNA. Dicer is responsible for cleaving dsRNA into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) while @entity23692 acts as the siRNA acceptor. @entity23692 then guides a multi-protein complex to homologous targets to trigger mRNA destabilization. However, endogenous role(s) for @entity23692 , if any, have remained unexplored. We here show that @entity23692 functions as a scavenger protein, taking up small RNA molecules from many different sources, including the microRNA (miRNA) pathway. This is in striking contrast to Argonaute proteins functioning directly in the miRNA pathway, @entity2200 and @entity2201 : these proteins exclusively bind miRNAs. While playing no significant role in the biogenesis of the main pool of miRNAs, @entity23692 binds endogenous miRNAs and triggers RdRP activity on at least one perfectly matching, endogenous miRNA target. The resulting secondary siRNAs are taken up by a set of Argonaute proteins known to act as siRNA acceptors in exogenous RNAi, resulting in strong mRNA destabilization. Our results show that @entity23692 in an endogenous setting is actively screening the transcriptome using many different small RNAs, including miRNAs, as a guide, with implications for the evolution of transcripts with a potential to be recognized by Dicer.

title: MicroRNA-directed siRNA biogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the reference values for serum levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 and their ratio in Chinese adolescents aged 12-19 years. DESIGN AND METHODS: 2102 Chinese adolescents were randomly selected from all secondary schools in Hong Kong with 1734 having @entity442 and @entity2301 levels as measured by automated chemiluminescent assays (IMMULITE 2000). @entity11728 ( @entity11728 ) method was used to generate reference percentile curves for @entity442 , @entity2301 and their ratio. RESULTS: After excluding @entity1 with @entity1374 , 798 @entity1 and 894 @entity1 were included in the analysis with a mean (+/-SD) age of 15.3 (+/-2.0) and 15.7 years (+/-2.0), respectively. Both serum @entity442 and @entity2301 levels tended to be higher in @entity1 than @entity1 before the age of 16. In @entity1 , there was progressive decline in @entity442 after a pubertal peak at the age of 13-14. In @entity1 , there was a similar decline after the age of 12. In both @entity1 and @entity1 , there was progressive age-dependent decline in @entity2301 after the age of 15-16. The pattern of changes for @entity442 / @entity2301 ratio was similar to that of the @entity442 levels. CONCLUSIONS: These reference values of @entity442 and @entity2301 in healthy adolescents should facilitate the clinical management of adolescents with GH-IGF @entity74 .

title: Reference values for serum levels of insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ) and @entity2301 ( XXXX ) and their ratio in Chinese adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity11728 :: ('MESH:D006362', 'Disease') :: ['LMS', 'Lambda-Mu-Sigma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['axis disorders']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal thyroid function']

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGFBP-3']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Proper diagnosis and treatment of @entity158 remains a clinical challenge. Dysfunction of SIJ can produce @entity158 in the lower back, buttocks, and extremities. Triangular titanium implants for minimally invasive surgical arthrodesis have been available for several years with reputed high levels of success and @entity1 satisfaction. This study reports on a novel @entity692 -coated screw for surgical treatment of @entity158 . METHODS: Data were prospectively collected on 32 consecutive @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive SIJ fusion with a novel @entity692 -coated screw. Clinical assessments and radiographs were collected and evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean (SD) @entity1 age was 55.2    10.7 years, and 62.5% were female. More @entity1 (53.1%) underwent left vs right SIJ treatment, mean operative time was 42.6    20.4 minutes, and estimated @entity190 did not exceed 50 cc. Overnight hospital stay was required for 84% of @entity1 , while remaining @entity1 needed a 2-day stay (16%). Mean preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) back and leg @entity158 scores decreased significantly by 12 months postoperatively (P < 0.01). Mechanical stability was achieved in 93.3% (28/30) of @entity1 , and all @entity1 employed preoperatively returned to work within 3 months. Two @entity1 who required revision surgery reported symptom improvement within 3 weeks and did not require subsequent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Positive clinical outcomes are reported 1 year postoperatively following implantation of a novel implant to treat @entity158 . Future clinical studies with larger samples are warranted to assess long-term @entity1 outcomes.

title: Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Using a Novel XXXX -Coated Screw: Preliminary 1-Year Clinical and Radiographic Results of a 2-Year Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain', 'sacroiliac joint pain', 'pain', 'SIJ pain']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']