abstract: The influence of @entity1167 (single or multidose cardioplegia) and subsequent long-term cold storage on myocardial high energy @entity1391 content was studied in 29 @entity235 divided into 6 groups of experiments. Three cardioplegic solutions were tested: Bretschneider HTK (intracellular-type solution), St. Thomas' Hospital and N.I.H. solutions (both extracellular-type solutions). In group I, II and III single dose @entity1167 with respectively St. Thomas' Hospital, Bretschneider HTK and N.I.H. solutions was carried out and excised hearts were stored at 0.5 degrees C for 24 hours. In group IV-Bretschneider HTK and in group V-N.I.H. solutions were used for @entity1167 and intermittent perfusion of the cooled hearts at 4, 8 and 12 hours of storage (multidose cardioplegia). In group VI, after @entity1167 with Bretschneider HTK solution, different temperatures of storage (0.5 degrees C, 12 degrees C and 18 degrees C) were studied. Myocardial content of @entity855 and @entity1734 was evaluated by means of bioluminescence techniques from serial left ventricular biopsies taken prior to aortic cross-clamping and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 hours. In group I @entity855 was significantly lower than in groups II and III after 6 h (p less than 0.005). After 24 hours of storage @entity855 -levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) after multidose Bretschneider HTK cardioplegia or N.I.H. cardioplegia than after single dose N.I.H. or St. Thomas' cardioplegia. There was no significant difference in @entity855 content between multidose Bretschneider and multidose N.I.H. cardioplegia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term preservation of donor hearts: the effect of intra- and extracellular-type of cardioplegic solutions on myocardial high energy XXXX content.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neural-antigen reactive cytotoxic @entity405 + T cells contribute to @entity528 and degeneration in a variety of @entity32 . Facing excess numbers of target cells, CNS-invading @entity405 + T cells cause neuronal cell death either via confined release of cytotoxic effector molecules towards neurons, or via spillover of cytotoxic effector molecules from 'leaky' immunological synapses and non-confined release by @entity405 + T cells themselves during serial and simultaneous killing of oligodendrocytes or astrocytes. METHODS: Wild-type and T cell receptor transgenic @entity405 + T cells were stimulated in vitro, their activation status was assessed by flow cytometry, and supernatant @entity2227 levels were determined using an enzymatic assay. Expression regulation of molecules involved in vesicular @entity2227 release was examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and mechanisms of non-vesicular @entity2227 release were studied by pharmacological blocking experiments. The impact of @entity405 + T cell-mediated @entity2227 liberation on neuronal viability was studied in acute brain slice preparations. RESULTS: Following T cell receptor stimulation, @entity405 + T cells acquire the molecular repertoire for vesicular @entity2227 release: (i) they upregulate expression of glutaminase required to generate @entity2227 via deamination of @entity1160 and (ii) they upregulate expression of vesicular proton-ATPase and vesicular @entity2227 transporters required for filling of vesicles with @entity2227 . Subsequently, @entity405 + T cells release @entity2227 in a strictly stimulus-dependent manner. Upon repetitive T cell receptor stimulation, @entity2902 high @entity405 + T effector cells exhibit higher estimated single cell @entity2227 release rates than @entity2902 low @entity405 + T memory cells. Moreover, @entity2227 liberation by oligodendrocyte-reactive @entity2902 high @entity405 + T effector cells is capable of eliciting @entity528 (despite @entity2227 re-uptake by glia cells and neurons) in intact CNS gray matter. CONCLUSION: @entity2227 release may represent a crucial effector pathway of neural-antigen reactive @entity405 + T cells, contributing to excitotoxicity in CNS @entity32 .

title: Excitotoxic neuronal cell death during an oligodendrocyte-directed XXXX + T cell attack in the CNS gray matter.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'inflammatory CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['collateral excitotoxic cell death of neurons', 'neuronal dysfunction']

answer: @entity405 :: (925,Gene) :: ['CD8']


abstract: Exposure to high vs. low glycemic index (GI) diets increases fat mass and insulin resistance in @entity28 -prone C57BL/6J @entity19 . However, the longer-term effects and potentially involved mechanisms are largely unknown. We exposed four groups of male C57BL/6J @entity19 (n = 10 per group) to long-term (20 wk) or short-term (6 wk) isoenergetic and macronutrient matched diets only differing in starch type and as such GI. Body composition, liver fat, molecular factors of lipid metabolism, and markers of insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility were investigated in all four groups of @entity19 . @entity19 fed the high GI diet showed a rapid-onset (from week 5) marked increase in body fat mass and liver fat, a gene expression profile in liver consistent with elevated lipogenesis, and, after long-term exposure, significantly reduced @entity413 clearance following a @entity413 load. The long-term high-GI diet also led to a delayed switch to both @entity1735 and fat oxidation in the postprandial state, indicating reduced metabolic flexibility. In contrast, no difference in @entity1735 oxidation was observed after short-term high- vs. low-GI exposure. However, @entity844 oxidation was significantly blunted as early as 3 wk after beginning of the high-GI intervention, at a time where most measured phenotypic markers including body fat mass were comparable between groups. Thus long-term high-GI feeding resulted in an @entity28 , insulin-resistant, and metabolically inflexible phenotype in @entity28 -prone C57BL/6J @entity19 . Early onset and significantly impaired @entity844 oxidation preceded these changes, thereby indicating a potentially causal involvement.

title: Impairment of fat oxidation under high- vs. low-glycemic index diet occurs before the development of an XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that @entity295 causes damage in different organs, including kidneys. However, few studies have been conducted on the magnitude of the long-term effects of @entity295 on the surviving population, in particular, in relation to @entity8 . In this study, we examined the impact of long-term effects of @entity295 on a second kidney insult. DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. SETTING: University research laboratory. INTERVENTIONS: Wild-type @entity19 were subjected to the cecal ligation and @entity295 model. Control animals underwent identical laparotomy but without ligation and cecum puncture. On days 0, 7, and 14 after surgery, the ratio between urinary protein and @entity1011 was measured. Fifteen days after surgery, surviving @entity19 were subjected to a second kidney insult through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin for 7 days. On day 22 after surgery, urinary protein and @entity1011 , y-glutamyl transpeptidase, @entity880 dehydrogenase, histologic parameters, macrophage infiltration, apoptotic cell, renal and plasmatic cytokines were determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On days 7 and 14 after surgery, the urinary protein and @entity1011 observed in the septic animal group were higher than those observed in the control group. On day 22 after surgery, @entity295 -surviving animals that were subjected to a second kidney insult showed more severe @entity810 compared with controls. This process seems to involve an immunosuppressive state because the concentrations of some renal cytokines, such as @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity777 , interferon-y and chemokine ligand 2, were decreased and leukocyte numbers were increased. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity295 induces long-term effects in kidney structure aggravating tubule damage in a second kidney insult.

title: Sepsis-surviving XXXX are more susceptible to a secondary kidney insult.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'puncture sepsis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) is increasingly linked to @entity301 risk. Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis whether this association is due to @entity546 . We evaluated the prevalence and severity of @entity546 in relation to coronary and peripheral @entity731 . Between January and June 2010, a consecutive series of 31 @entity1 underwent an autopsy at the Department of Pathology at the Medical University Vienna. @entity731 at the following localizations were histologically classified: right coronary artery, left coronary artery, left circumflex artery, internal iliac artery, dorsal penile artery and deep penile artery (bilateral). Coronary and peripheral @entity731 was present in 87.1 and 77.4% of cases. @entity546 was detectable in only 4 @entity1 (12.9%). The only factor linked to @entity546 was @entity6 (P=0.03). All other parameters as assessed according to medical history, general finding from autopsy or histological results regarding arterial lesions in general were not correlated to penile arterial lesions. In contrast to the high prevalence of @entity731 in general, penile arterial lesions are rarely present.

title: Is @entity546 the link between XXXX and cardiovascular risk? An autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis of penile arteries']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is not considered to be a characteristic of endemic @entity8 (EN). Recent observations suggested that it might be more prevalent than it was reported before. AIM: The aim of our study was to analyze prevalence, treatment and control of @entity101 in a Croatian endemic area. METHODS: In the present cross-sectional study, 1,602 farmers were enrolled, 1,246 from EN and 356 from control villages. Epidemiological and medical histories were taken and clinical and laboratory examinations performed for kidney function. Blood pressure was measured following the ESH/ESC guidelines. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity101 in EN villages was higher than in control (50.8 vs. 46.5%, p = 0.005). There was no difference in overall treatment, control of all and treated @entity101 between the villages. In all villages, @entity1 were treated more than @entity1 (EN 41.6 vs. 28.4%, p < 0.001; control 46.4 vs. 27.3%, p < 0.001), but better control of treated was achieved in @entity1 (EN 24.7 vs. 17.4%, p = 0.002; control 29.6 vs. 15.5%, p = 0.002). @entity1 had lower income and level of education than @entity1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity101 is highly prevalent in endemic villages. In all villages, @entity1 had better blood pressure control despite being treated less. This finding could be explained by poorer education and income in @entity1 .

title: Prevalence, treatment and control of XXXX in a Croatian endemic @entity8 area.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) is a neural stimulant with unclear neurochemical and behavioral effects. @entity1091 is a neuroprotective agent in use clinically for the management of @entity308 and other @entity179 . This study investigated the protective effect of @entity1091 on @entity7541 -induced oxidative stress, @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity73 . Forty-eight adult male @entity35 were divided randomly and equally into 6 groups. Treatment groups were received @entity7541 (10mg/kg) and various doses of @entity1091 (75, 150 and 300mg/kg) simultaneously and also @entity1091 (150mg/kg) alone for 21 days. Elevated Plus Maze and Forced Swim Test were used to determine the level of @entity148 and @entity308 in animals. Morris Water Maze was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory. The hippocampi of @entity35 were isolated and the level and activity of oxidative, anti-oxidant and inflammatory factors were measured. Also brain derived neurotropic factor expression level was measured by RT-PCR and western blotting. @entity7541 (10mg/kg) caused behaviors indicative of @entity148 and @entity308 -like phenotypes in EPM and FST and @entity73 in MWM. While @entity1091 in all mentioned doses inhibited these effects. Treatment with @entity7541 significantly increased lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial @entity6172 content and @entity3426 and @entity1505 levels in isolated hippocampal cells. Moreover @entity224 dismutase and @entity2041 peroxidase activities and @entity2136 expression remarkably decreased. Various doses of @entity1091 attenuated these effects and significantly mitigated @entity7541 -induced oxidative damage, @entity32 and increased @entity2136 expression level. @entity1091 has the potential to act as a neuroprotective agent against @entity7541 induced @entity137 in @entity35 brain and this might be mediated by @entity2136 expression in hippocampus of @entity35 .

title: The neuroprotective effect of @entity1091 against high dose XXXX : Possible role of @entity2136 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'manic-depressive']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognition impairment']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate']

answer: @entity2727 :: (MESH:D008774,Chemical) :: ['methylphenidate']


abstract: The @entity3881 FI DNA methyltransferase (M.BsuFI) modifies the outer @entity5538 of the DNA sequence CCGG, causing resistance against R.BsuFI and R.MspI restriction. The M.BsuFI gene was cloned and expressed in @entity3881 and @entity526 . As derived from the @entity377 sequence, the M.BsuFI protein has 409 @entity1522 , corresponding to a molecular mass of 46,918 daltons. Including these data we have compared the @entity377 and @entity535 sequences of different CCGG recognizing enzymes. These analyses showed that M.BsuFI is highly related to two other CCGG specific methyltransferases, M.MspI and M.HpaII, which were isolated from Gram-negative bacteria. Between M.BsuFI and M.MspI the sequence similarity is particularly significant in a region, which has been postulated to contain the @entity10400 ( @entity10400 ) of @entity5538 -specific DNA methyltransferases. Apparently M.BsuFI and M.MspI, derived from phylogenetic distant organisms, use highly conserved structural elements for the recognition of the CCGG target sequence. In contrast the very same region of M.HpaII is quite different from those of M.BsuFI and M.MspI. We attribute this difference to the different targeting of methylation within the sequence CCGG, where M.HpaII methylates the inner, M.BsuFI/M.MspI the outer @entity5538 . Also the CCGG recognizing TRD of the multispecific @entity3881 phage SPR Mtase is distinct from that of the host enzyme, possibly indicating different requirements for @entity10400 operative in mono- and multispecific enzymes.

title: The XXXX sequence of the CCGG recognizing DNA methyltransferase M.BsuFI: implications for the analysis of sequence recognition by @entity5538 DNA methyltransferases.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['target recognition domains', 'TRDs']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B.subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: Understanding the characteristics of those with self-harm behaviour may help in identifying those at risk and providing targeted interventions to this group of @entity1 , especially in the emergency services. The present study aimed to compare the suicidal intent, hopelessness, severity of @entity308 , and personality traits of those with and without @entity146 , presenting with a self-harming behaviour to the emergency setting. For this, @entity1 presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital with self-harm behaviour were evaluated for presence or absence of a @entity146 diagnosis, suicidal intent, personality traits, @entity308 and hopelessness by using structured instruments. The present study included 132 @entity1 . The mean age of the sample was 28.7 years and the male: female ratio of 1.28:1. At least one @entity146 diagnosis was present in 41.7% of the sample, @entity308 and substance use disorders being most common among them. Impulsive suicide attempt was present in 40.2% of the sample. Those with a @entity146 diagnosis were more likely to be older, males, married, have higher suicidal intent, more planned attempts and @entity308 as compared to those who did not have a @entity146 . Impulsive suicide attempters had lower suicidal intent than non-impulsive attempters. Present study suggests that those presenting to the emergency with self-harm behaviour comprises 2 interrelated groups, differing on certain demographic features, severity of @entity308 , suicidal intent and impulsivity.

title: Demographic, clinical and psychological characteristics of XXXX with self-harm behaviours attending an emergency department of a tertiary care hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['higher depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1860 arises from a somatic mutation in a pluripotent stem cell. It generally terminates with a blastic crisis (BC). One third of BC are lymphoid, and most have a pre-B phenotype. Few cases of T-lymphoid BC have been reported. Here we describe a lymph node @entity9638 mimicking @entity784 . METHODS: Bone marrow and lymph nodes were histologically examined by standard methods and by an immunoperoxidase technique. Cytogenetic studies were also performed on lymph node and blood cells. Analysis of T-cell receptor genes and BCR rearrangements were performed on DNA extracted from both frozen bone marrow and lymph-node cells. RESULTS: Lymph-node histology showed an infiltration by large lymphoid blasts, consistent with a diagnosis of @entity706 . Blast cells were @entity3138 , @entity4587 , @entity10730 positive, and negative for myeloid and mature lymphoid antigens. The @entity12297 chromosome was found in both bone marrow and lymph-node cells. BCR rearrangement was found in the DNA from both bone marrow and lymph-node cells. TCR genes were not rearranged. DISCUSSION: The present study provides strong evidence that the lymph-node @entity9638 of @entity1860 can assume the morphological appearance of @entity706 and may retain the immunological phenotype and genetic features of early T cells with BCR rearrangements.

title: Lymph node XXXX in @entity1860 mimicking @entity784 .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['immunoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-immunoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity9638 :: (MESH:D001752,Disease) :: ['blast crisis']


abstract: Congenital head and neck masses in @entity1 are a diverse group of lesions. @entity1157 are the most common, followed by @entity9467 , @entity2696 ( @entity3609 ), and subcutaneous @entity455 ( @entity2695 , @entity7026 ). It is important to note that @entity2695 are not included in this discussion of congenital masses. If they are considered within the general topic of congenital head and neck masses, @entity455 by far are the most common. @entity44 and @entity48 represent true @entity5 and are relatively uncommon. Several rare lesions have been noted in the discussion and should be included in the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of these particular masses depends largely on history and physical examination. The location of the mass itself greatly limits the differential diagnosis. Ancillary studies such as plain x-rays, ultrasound, CT scanning, and angiography are useful in further limiting the possible diagnoses. @entity2695 , @entity5651 , and @entity81 can be treated medically or with simple observation. Surgery is reversed for enlarging lesions or lesions affecting vital structures. The remainder of the congenital head and neck masses generally require early excisions to avoid complications of @entity281 , @entity1224 , nutritional compromise, or the risk of malignant transformation.

title: Congenital head and neck masses in XXXX and @entity1 . Part II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Subcutaneous hemangiomas', 'cutaneous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroglossal duct abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['branchial apparatus abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid, congenital goiter']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis colli']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Teratomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effects of transdermal @entity3575 patches (TFPs) for @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial study of 40 ASA I-III @entity1 undergoing TKA surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups. Group I (n = 20) received two 25  g TFPs placed on the laterals of chest wall approximately 12 h before induction of general anaesthesia. Group II, the control group (n = 20), received placebo patches of identical size. @entity282 at rest was assessed with visual analogue scale (VAS) at 0, 30 min and 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. Total rescue consumption of @entity1286 was estimated with @entity1 control analgesia during the first 72 h after operation. The degree of active knee flexion and incidence of side effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: The VAS scores at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h were significantly less in the group I compared to the group II (p < 0.05). Total @entity1286 consumption was significantly less in group I than in group II (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the groups in the postoperative active knee flexion (n.s.). Side effects were similar between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal @entity3575 patches provide effective @entity158 relief and decrease total rescue @entity1286 consumption during the first 72 h after operation without additive side effects in @entity1 undergoing TKA surgery.

title: Reduced @entity1286 consumption and XXXX severity with transdermal @entity3575 patches following total knee arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the @entity427 response is a measure of sensorimotor gating, a process that filters out extraneous sensory, motor and cognitive information. @entity1 with neurological and @entity146 , including @entity161 , @entity3119 and @entity2033 , exhibit a reduction in PPI. Habituation of the @entity427 response is also disrupted in @entity161 @entity1 . In order to elucidate the genes involved in sensorimotor gating, we phenotyped 472 @entity19 from an F(2) cross between LG/J   SM/J for PPI and genotyped these @entity19 genome-wide using 162 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. We used prepulse intensity levels that were 3, 6 and 12 dB above background (PPI3, PPI6 and PPI12, respectively). We identified a significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 12 for all three prepulse intensities as well as a significant QTL for both PPI6 and PPI12 on chromosome 11. We identified QTLs on chromosomes 7 and 17 for the @entity427 response when sex was included as an interactive covariate and found a QTL for habituation of the @entity427 response on chromosome 4. We also phenotyped 135 @entity19 from an F(34) @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) between LG/J   SM/J for PPI and genotyped them at more than 3000 SNP markers. Inclusions of data from the @entity1442 @entity19 reduced the size of several of these QTLs to less than 5 cM. These results will be useful for identifying genes that influence sensorimotor gaiting and show the power of @entity1442 for fine mapping of QTLs.

title: Fine mapping of QTL for prepulse inhibition in LG/J and SM/J XXXX using F(2) and advanced intercross lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced intercross line', 'AIL']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Intentional @entity353 is an important component of treatment for overweight @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , but the effects on bone density are not known. We used data from the Look AHEAD trial to determine the impact of an intensive lifestyle @entity353 intervention (ILI) compared with @entity6 support and education (DSE) on changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) over 12 months. Overweight and @entity28 adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomly assigned to ILI or DSE. In a substudy of @entity79 conducted at 5 of 16 clinical centers, hip, spine, and whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry scans were obtained at baseline and 1-year later on 642 of 739 ILI and 632 of 740 DSE @entity1 . At baseline, mean age was 58.4 years, and average body mass index was 35.2 kg/m(2). Total hip @entity79 T-score was <-2.5 in 1% and <-1.0 in 8%. At 1 year, @entity353 was greater in ILI than DSE (-8.6% versus -0.7%), and glycemic control and fitness were also improved. @entity604 over 1 year was greater in ILI at the total hip (-1.4% versus -0.4%; p < 0.001) and femoral neck (-1.5% versus -0.8%; p = 0.009), but change in @entity79 for the lumbar spine and whole body did not differ between groups. In ILI, @entity604 at the total hip was independently associated with @entity353 in @entity1 and @entity1 and with poorer glycemic control in @entity1 , but was not associated with changes in fitness. One year of an intensive lifestyle intervention in adults with @entity164 2 @entity6 , resulting in @entity353 , was associated with a modest increase in hip @entity604 despite improved fitness and glycemic control.

title: Effect of 1 year of an intentional @entity353 intervention on @entity79 in XXXX 2 @entity6 : results from the Look AHEAD randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss', 'bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate a method for evaluation of the @entity272 ( @entity272 ) of radiation in @entity1 undergoing interventional radiology procedures in the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transarterial chemoembolization, transarterial embolization, portal vein embolization, and biliary interventions were the procedures considered in this study. Ninety procedures in 70 @entity1 were studied. The complexity of the biliary interventions was taken into account during the analysis. The @entity272 was measured with use of @entity10686 chromic XR type R films, whereas the dose-area product (DAP) was measured by a transmission chamber. RESULTS: The @entity272 was measured in a group of 19 @entity1 . The coefficient of the interpolation line between the skin dose and the DAP (0.0051 cm(-2)) was determined. An approximated value of @entity272 from the DAP for the remaining 71 procedures was estimated by means of an interpolation line. The mean @entity272 in the endovascular procedures was 4.4 Gy; for the three different levels of complexity of the biliary procedures, the mean MSDs were 0.4, 1.2, and 3 Gy, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Radiochromic films are an easy-to-use and efficient method for measuring skin entrance radiation dose and have the advantage of providing information on the @entity272 as well as the distribution of radiation to the skin. In light of these results, the authors suggest recording the dose for biliary and endovascular procedures as indicated by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the United States Food and Drug Administration.

title: Radiochromic films for improved evaluation of XXXX dose in liver interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['maximum skin dose', 'MSD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9338 ( @entity9338 ) is a cosmetically distressing @entity74 often posing a therapeutic challenge. @entity10211 has been shown to be effective in oral and cutaneous LP, but its role in @entity9338 is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity10211 in the management of @entity9338 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 32 clinically and histologically proven @entity1 with @entity9338 were recruited. Subjects were treated with fixed low-dose (20 mg/day) oral @entity10211 once daily for 6 months along with topical sunscreens. Response was graded as mild (<25%), moderate (26-50%), and good (>50%) improvement based on decrease in intensity and progression of @entity2117 . RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 (17 females and 10 males), aged 20-62 years, completed the study. Twenty-three (85.2%) @entity1 had active disease and @entity111 at presentation. Treatment outcome was moderate improvement in 15 @entity1 (55.7%) followed by good in seven (21.8%) and mild in two (6.2%). @entity111 subsided at the earliest at 9-14 days, and disease stabilized by 4-6 weeks in treatment-responsive @entity1 . @entity1 with a shorter duration ( <=5 years) of disease and limited body area involvement had a better outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity10211 seems to be a promising treatment modality in stabilizing and decreasing the pigmentation in @entity9338 particularly in early and limited disease.

title: Low-dose oral @entity10211 therapy in XXXX : an open-label non-randomized prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity9338 :: ('MESH:D008010', 'Disease') :: ['LPP', 'Lichen planus pigmentosus']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary disorder']

answer: @entity9338 :: (MESH:D008010,Disease) :: ['lichen planus pigmentosus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to report the frequency of @entity2395 trait and other @entity8453 in Kayseri province, which is located in Middle Anatolia of @entity233 , as part of the premarital screening program. METHODS: The study included subjects admitted to Family Planning Center for premarital screening test between January 2009 and March 2010. Blood samples of the couples were obtained during admission to the marriage office. Complete blood counts and hemoglobin (Hb) variant analysis were performed with automatic counter and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS: A total of 10,261 @entity1 were screened. The prevalence of @entity1 with the @entity2395 trait was 1.71% (175/10261). Moreover, HbD Punjab and HbO Arab were the most common Hb variants after @entity2395 trait with the frequencies of 0.36% and 0.09%, respectively. Only 2 HbS were detected in 15 months of screening time. In 2 couples both partners were found to be carriers of @entity2395 trait, and both partners of 1 couple to be carrier of HbD. CONCLUSIONS: Kayseri is not a high-risk region according to Mediterranean parts of @entity233 , but the city takes migrations apart from neighbor cities, migrations from East and South provinces because of its geographic and industrial situation. For that reason detecting carrier couples with premarital screening program is an effective way of controlling @entity2395 major.

title: XXXX screening in Kayseri: a city in Middle Anatolia region of @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['b-thalassemia', 'thalassemia']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['Premarital hemoglobinopathy']


abstract: Following our recent findings on the presence of @entity4538 ) in the normal @entity1 adrenal cortex and in @entity16663 , especially in @entity701 -secreting @entity5 , aim of the present study was to investigate the direct effects of @entity2803 on @entity1 adrenocortical cells. To this aim, both clinical isolates and laboratory strains of HCMV were used to assess the early effects of @entity281 on @entity1 adrenocortical cell morphology, proliferation, gene expression, and steroidogenic function. Both clinical and laboratory HCMV strains could infect and replicate in primary @entity1 adrenocortical cell cultures and in @entity1636 cell lines, leading to cytopathic changes. Most importantly, in the first hours post- @entity281 (p.i.), adrenocortical cells showed a significant increase of @entity701 and @entity172 production, paralleled by up-regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in the last steps of adrenal steroidogenesis. This effect was probably due to HCMV immediate-early gene expression, since it was most evident in the early phases p.i. and UV-inactivated viral particles did not affect hormone production. Moreover, the effect on steroidogenesis was HCMV specific, since it was not observed after @entity2025 . These data suggest that @entity1 adrenocortical cells are permissive to @entity2803 and acutely respond to @entity281 with increased @entity701 production. An acute glucocorticoid response is typically triggered by infections and is considered to be critical to host defense against pathogens, although, in the case of @entity2803 , it might also enhance viral replication and reactivation from latency.

title: @entity4538 productively infects adrenocortical cells and induces an early XXXX response.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['human cytomegalovirus (HCMV']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['infection with herpes simplex virus']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: @entity1 given @entity737 ( @entity737 ) after arrhythmic events or @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) experience @entity2673 . @entity737 now are inserted for the primary prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity712 ; the psychosocial impact of @entity737 on @entity1 with @entity712 is unknown. Changes in psychosocial status in these @entity1479 recipients were examined. @entity1479 recipients (n = 57) completed @entity308 , @entity148 , and social support inventories every 6 months for up to 2 years. Initially, 35% of recipients were @entity308 and 45% of recipients were anxious. In linear mixed models, @entity308 decreased over time overall but increased in those who experienced @entity1479 shocks. @entity148 decreased in New York Heart Association class III @entity1479 recipients but not in class II @entity1479 recipients. Decreases in social support were related to age: the younger the @entity1 the greater the decrease. A significant proportion of @entity1479 recipients were @entity308 or anxious, or had diminished social support even after 2 years. Investigation of strategies to improve @entity1479 recipients' psychosocial status is warranted.

title: Changes in @entity2673 in outpatients with @entity712 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sudden cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICDs', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillators']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillators']


abstract: In this article we have focused on the evolving pattern of nutritional management of the @entity1 with @entity6 . Before the advent of @entity2690 in 1922, it was sufficient to identify a meal plan that would keep @entity1 alive until they could be rescued from mortality due to @entity6 (the major killer of the era) by pharmacologic means. Now, the life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity6 is close to that of the general population and focus has turned to combating the new threats of @entity66 and @entity177 . Over recent years the susceptibility of @entity2175 @entity1 to macrovascular events has been established and the twofold increase in risk of a @entity299 in @entity6 @entity1 is outshadowed by the four- to fivefold risk in @entity6 @entity1 and the 13- to 17-fold greater risk in diabetics under the age of 30 years compared with their nondiabetic counterparts. The mechanism behind the susceptibility to @entity66 has generated a veritable plethora of investigations focusing on the atherogenic profile of @entity6 . @entity3190 , @entity2690 resistance, and overtreatment of the @entity6 with @entity2690 have been claimed as contributors to the development of @entity731 . The hallmark of the @entity6 is the tendency to elevated VLDL @entity412 levels and the closely linked reduction in HDL @entity165 . Although there is some controversy on the relationship between @entity412 levels and the incidence of CAD, there is no doubt that HDL is an independent risk factor. It can now be safely said that elevated @entity1674 are a risk factor in @entity1 and that in @entity1 elevated @entity1674 constitute a risk factor if accompanied by a reduced HDL level. For these reasons, any approach to nutritional management of the @entity6 must attempt not only to normalize glycemia but to make every effort to reduce the atherogenic profile. In the accompanying algorithm (Fig. 4), we consider the risk factors conducive to a reduction in life expectancy and offer a meal plan that is appropriate for the individual with @entity6 . For the 80% of @entity2175 @entity1 who are obese, a diet with a reduction of 500 to 1000 kcal is in order and this may be achieved by a periodic VLCD. We examined carefully the controversy related to yo-yo dieting and support the notion that its effects in @entity1 are not all that harmful. Ingestion of simple @entity3363 in the high @entity1735 diet has negative effects both on @entity1735 and lipid metabolism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The good, the bad, and the ugly in XXXX diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'men', 'women', 'person', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetic dyslipidemia', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['premature atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Valve-related morbidity and mortality after heart valve replacement with the Hancock I porcine bioprosthesis has been retrospectively analyzed. From June 1974 through December 1976, 253 Hancock I bioprostheses (150 mitral and 103 aortic) were inserted in 220 selected @entity1 who survived the operation and had follow-up until June 1989 (mean follow-up 13.5 years, with an accumulative follow-up of 2956.4 @entity1 -years). One hundred seventeen @entity1 had mitral valve replacement, 70 had aortic valve replacement, and 33 had combined mitral and aortic valve replacement. There were 27 @entity1031 events. The probability of being free from @entity1031 at 14 years was 81.0% +/- 7.4% for the mitral valve replacement group, 85.4% +/- 6.7% for the aortic group, and 67.1% +/- 18.4% for the mitral-aortic group. Fifteen episodes of @entity340 occurred. There were 10 @entity409 ( @entity2478 ) in seven mitral valves (4.6%) and in three aortic valves (2.9%). One hundred twenty-two bioprostheses in 106 @entity1 resulted in structural deterioration. The probability of freedom from structural deterioration at 14 years was 37.2% +/- 3.9% for the mitral group, 43.9% +/- 7.1% for the aortic group, and 30.1% +/- 8.9% for the mitral-aortic group. The logistic regression analysis between age at the time of operation and bioprosthetic life (structural deterioration-free period) demonstrates a linear regression curve (r = 0.53). There were 56 late deaths (27 @entity1 died at reoperation). The actuarial survival rate (including hospital mortality) at 14 years was 57.2% +/- 5.4% for the entire series, with no statistically significant difference between groups. The probability of remaining free from valve-related morbidity and mortality at 14 years was 16.7% +/- 4.8% for the mitral group, 20.8% +/- 6.2% for the aortic group, and 14.0% +/- 7.0% for the mitral-aortic group. The long-term results of this series show that the clinical performance of the Hancock I porcine valve appears satisfactory during the first 6 years. The behavior of this bioprosthesis at 14 years' follow-up changes drastically, because only a minor group of @entity1 is free from @entity340 , justifying the restriction of its use for selected @entity1 .

title: XXXX with the Hancock I porcine bioprosthesis. A twelve- to fourteen-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leaks']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['instances of nonstructural dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic valve endocarditis', 'valve-related complications']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['Valve-related complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic cough frequently remains unexplained. Although various @entity943 have already been reported as a cause of chronic cough, this phenomenon has not been evaluated prospectively. Therefore, we studied the incidence and management of cough associated with @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) in a population of @entity1 with this condition. METHODS: @entity1 without @entity299 who had been referred for the management of symptomatic PVC were evaluated prospectively. PVC-associated cough was recognized if cough episodes occurred just after spontaneous or induced PVC or observed in an ECG or a multichannel recording system that included ECG. A differential diagnosis of cough was performed according to the guidelines on cough. Afterward, antiarrhythmic therapy was instituted to eliminate PVC and cough. RESULTS: Of the 120 @entity1 who were referred for the management of PVC, 10 had a chronic cough. After extensive workup for the cause of chronic cough, the cough was thought to be solely due to PVC in one @entity1 , partially due to @entity2634 plus another cause in five @entity1 , and not due to PVC but to nonasthmatic @entity1712 , @entity354 , and chronic @entity1244 in four @entity1 . @entity1 with PVC-associated cough reported more severe perception of symptoms associated with @entity943 than @entity1 without cough (mean [+/- SD] visual analog scale score, 8.2 +/- 0.5 vs 5.7 +/- 1.6, respectively; p < 0.01). PVC-associated cough disappeared after antiarrhythmic treatment (radiofrequency ablation [n = 4], oral antiarrhythmic agent [n = 1]), or after spontaneous remission of PVC (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: PVC may be a cause of chronic cough. Interdisciplinary cooperation is warranted for the proper diagnosis and management of PVC-associated cough.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX -associated chronic cough.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['premature ventricular complexes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To our knowledge, no reports have been published describing the effect of suction on pleural pressures after different types of lobectomy. Improving knowledge of pleural physiology in the postoperative period could lead to better postoperative care. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the effect of postoperative suction on inspiratory, expiratory and differential pleural pressures after upper or lower lobectomy. METHODS: Records of intrapleural pressures from 24 lobectomy @entity1 (operated on in two different institutions) were selected for study. All @entity1 had normal preoperative pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) >80% and forced vital capacity (FVC)/FEV1 >70%), and neither postoperative air leak nor any other @entity260 . We selected six cases of each type of lobectomy (right @entity9876 (RUL), right lower lobectomy (RLL), @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) and left lower lobectomy (LLL)). In three cases of each group, no suction was indicated, while in the other three cases, chest tubes were placed under 15 cm @entity2507 suction, according to the standard local perioperative care protocol in each participating centre. Inspiratory and expiratory pleural pressures were measured at 2-min intervals by an electronic device using a DigiVent (Millicore A.B., Sweden) suction chamber. Recording started 5-10h after closing the chest, and included 5 consecutive hours during the first postoperative night, with the @entity1 at rest in 30-45 degrees sitting position. There was no evidence of pneumothorax during the recording time. The influence of lobectomy site (upper or lower) and suction on inspiratory, expiratory and differential pressures were evaluated by Student's t-tests. RESULTS: In the group of cases under no suction, @entity9876 @entity1 had larger differential pressures (22.6 in upper vs 11.5 cm @entity2507 in lower lobectomy cases, p<0.001), differential pressure decreased in @entity1 under suction (9.1 in upper vs 11.1 cm @entity2507 in lower lobectomy cases, p<0.001) and the effect was mainly due to a less negative inspiratory pressure. CONCLUSION: Pleural suction leads to a large decrease of differential pleural pressure after @entity358 . The influence of this finding on postoperative work of breathing in the early postoperative period remains to be investigated.

title: Chest drainage suction decreases differential pleural pressure after XXXX and has no effect after lower lobectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity9876 :: ('MESH:D020232', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['upper pulmonary lobectomy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobectomy', 'LUL']

answer: @entity9876 :: (MESH:D020232,Disease) :: ['upper lobectomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major public health issue; however, only limited evidence is available about effective ways to prevent @entity28 , particularly in early childhood. Romp _ Chomp was a community-wide @entity28 prevention intervention conducted in Geelong Australia with a target group of 12,000 @entity1 aged 0-5 years. The intervention had an environmental and capacity building focus and we have recently demonstrated that the prevalence of overweight/ @entity28 was lower in intervention @entity1 , post-intervention. Capacity building is defined as the development of knowledge, skills, commitment, structures, systems and leadership to enable effective health promotion and the aim of this study was to determine if the capacity of the Geelong community, represented by key stakeholder organisations, to support healthy eating and physical activity for young @entity1 was increased after Romp _ Chomp. METHODS: A mixed methods evaluation with three data sources was utilised. 1) Document analysis comprised assessment of the documented formative and intervention activities against a capacity building framework (five domains: Partnerships, Leadership, Resource Allocation, Workforce Development, and Organisational Development); 2) Thematic analysis of key informant interviews (n = 16); and 3) the quantitative Community Capacity Index Survey. RESULTS: Document analysis showed that the majority of the capacity building activities addressed the Partnerships, Resource Allocation and Organisational Development domains of capacity building, with a lack of activity in the Leadership and Workforce Development domains. The thematic analysis revealed the establishment of sustainable partnerships, use of specialist advice, and integration of activities into ongoing formal training for early childhood workers. Complex issues also emerged from the key informant interviews regarding the challenges of limited funding, high staff turnover, changing governance structures, lack of high level leadership and unclear communication strategies. The Community Capacity Index provided further evidence that the project implementation network achieved a moderate level of capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Romp _ Chomp increased the capacity of organisations, settings and services in the Geelong community to support healthy eating and physical activity for young @entity1 . Despite this success there are important learnings from this mixed methods evaluation that should inform current and future community-based public health and health promotion initiatives. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ANZCTRN12607000374460.

title: Increasing community capacity to prevent XXXX : challenges, lessons learned and results from the Romp _ Chomp intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: Sequestration of @entity3964 -infected erythrocytes (PfIE) in the capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS) is the pathognomonic feature of @entity6197 , a condition frequently leading to @entity204 . Sequestration of PfIE in the placental intervillous spaces is the characteristic feature of @entity311 in pregnancy and is associated with low birthweight and prematurity. Although both patterns of sequestration are thought to result from the expression of different parasite proteins involved in cytoadhesion to @entity1 receptors, scant information exists on whether both conditions can coexist and whether this can lead to @entity204 . We conducted a prospective autopsy study including all consecutive pregnancy-related deaths in a tertiary-level referral hospital in Maputo, Mozambique, between October 2002 and December 2006. Extensive sampling of all major viscera was performed. All cases showing parasites in any of the viscera were included in the analysis. From 317 complete autopsies PfIEs were identified in ten @entity1 (3.2%). All cases showed massive accumulation of PfIE in small capillaries of the CNS but also in most visceral capillaries (heart, lung, kidney, uterus). Placental tissue, available in four cases, showed a massive accumulation of maternal PfIE in the intervillous space. @entity772 (six @entity1 ) and dyspnoea (five @entity1 ) were the most frequent presenting clinical symptoms. In conclusion, massive visceral sequestration of PfIE with significant involvement of the CNS is an infrequent but definite direct cause of @entity204 in endemic areas of Africa. The PfIE sequestered in cerebral capillaries and the placenta coexist in these fatal cases.

title: Massive @entity3964 visceral sequestration: a cause of XXXX in Africa.

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['maternal death', 'death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['maternal death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the causes of @entity221 in @entity1 presenting to our hospital following an extremely heavy rainfall event in the city of Mumbai in 2005. The clinical and laboratory manifestations of @entity2926 and @entity779 together with their outcomes are also described. METHODS: This was an observational study conducted from 26 July to 30 November 2005. The diagnosis of @entity2926 was confirmed by a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. The diagnosis of @entity779 was confirmed by a positive immunoglobulin (IgM) antibody capture ELISA test. Clinical features of @entity1 with and without @entity2926 , respectively, and with and without @entity779 , respectively, were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 602 @entity1 (age range 1 month to 12 years) admitted to our hospital for @entity221 with no obvious focus of @entity281 were enrolled in the study. Of these, 30 had @entity311 , 11 had enteric @entity221 and seven had @entity325 . Twenty-seven @entity1 had @entity2926 . Three clinical features were significantly associated with @entity2926 : flood water contact, @entity925 and conjunctival suffusion. Eighty-one @entity1 had @entity779 . All @entity1 responded well to the treatment and were released to go home. Four clinical features were significantly associated with @entity779 , namely, giddiness, @entity490 , @entity1910 and @entity548 manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review of the clinical and laboratory features of @entity779 and @entity2926 , we conclude that following the heavy rainfall event on 26 July 2005, there was a concurrent outbreak of @entity2926 and @entity779 among @entity1 presenting to our hospital.

title: Clinical manifestations of XXXX in @entity1 in Mumbai: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever', 'acute febrile illness']

answer: @entity2926 :: (MESH:D007922,Disease) :: ['dengue and leptospirosis']


abstract: @entity219 finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been successfully used for genome modification in various cell types and species. However, construction of an effective ZFN remained challenging. Previous studies all focused on obtaining specific @entity219 finger proteins (ZFPs) first via bacterial 2-hybrid approach, and then fusing selected ZFPs to FokI nuclease domain. These assembled ZFNs have high rate of failing to cleave target sites in vivo. In this study, we developed a simultaneous screening and validation system to obtain effective ZFNs directly in @entity375 @entity31023 . This system is based on @entity29116 reporter system carrying a unique intermediate reporter plasmid with two 30-bp @entity29116 homology arms and a ZFN target site. DNA double strand breaks introduced on target sequence by ZFNs were repaired by single strand annealing (SSA) mechanism, and the restored @entity29116 drove reporter genes expression. Taking the advantage of OPEN (Oligomerized Pool ENgineering) selection, we constructed 3 randomized ZFNs libraries and 9 reporter strains for each target gene. We tested this system by taking @entity1237 a s1-casein as target gene following three-step selection. Consequently, 3 efficient pairs of ZFNs were obtained from positive colonies on selective medium. The ZFNs achieved a 15.9% disruption frequency in @entity1237 mammary epithelial cells. In conclusion, we created a novel system to obtain effective ZFNs directly with simultaneous screening and validation.

title: Simultaneous screening and validation of effective @entity219 finger nucleases in XXXX .

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: Color Doppler sonographic findings on 38 lesions in 31 @entity1 who had primary @entity157 were evaluated before and after transcatheter @entity1416 and compared with dynamic CT and hepatic arteriographic findings. All lesions that were observed with dynamic CT or arteriography were correctly identified on color Doppler sonography. Peritumoral pulsatile flow was the predominant color Doppler flow seen in all lesions. Mixed pulsatile and continuous flow were noted in larger @entity5 and in @entity5 with a higher degree of vascularity, as determined by arteriography. Two weeks after treatment, color Doppler flow was still identified in 18 lesions (47%), corresponding to dynamic CT or arteriographic findings documenting @entity41 . Histopathologic examination, performed in 10 other lesions, showed that the @entity5 was completely necrotic in five. These five @entity5 were not visible on color Doppler flow images after treatment. Viable @entity5 was observed in the five remaining lesions, all of which were shown on color Doppler flow images after treatment. During the 6- to 16-month follow-up period, color Doppler flow images showed recurrence of 13 (50%) of 26 lesions, corresponding to @entity5 recurrence as shown by CT and arteriography. We conclude that color Doppler sonography is useful for imaging @entity157 , for evaluating @entity41 after treatment, and for imaging @entity5 recurrence during follow-up.

title: Color Doppler sonography of XXXX before and after treatment by transcatheter @entity1416 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'necrotic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The relative frequency of causes of @entity1448 of @entity950 in a developing area was established in a prospective study. During a 10-year period, 145 @entity1 with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia were investigated. @entity74 accounted for 68 per cent with no identifiable cause (idiopathic @entity99 ) in the majority. Syphilis, @entity293 and @entity295 together made up 30 per cent of intrahepatic causes with @entity209 accounting for 12 per cent. Outcome in those with idiopathic @entity99 , and those treated for syphilis and UTI was relatively good. Complete recovery from syphilitic @entity99 on average took 11 months. @entity74 occurred in 32 per cent and were almost entirely due to @entity2876 . Results of hepatic portoenterostomy for @entity2876 were poor because of late referral in many instances. Compared to developed countries, infantile @entity1448 in developing areas is more commonly associated with treatable @entity2348 . Referring agencies should be aware of this fact and the need for early referral of cases with possible @entity2876 .

title: XXXX of @entity950 --aetiology and outcome.

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis', 'cholestatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Extrahepatic disorders', 'Intrahepatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['Cholestatic disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Basilar invagination (BI) is a @entity600 . However, surgical procedures on BI with @entity3029 ( @entity3029 ) remain controversial. PURPOSE: This research aimed to investigate the selection of surgical procedures and its significance in the surgical treatment of @entity1 with BI and @entity3029 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective study. @entity1 SAMPLE: This study enrolled 33 @entity1 who were diagnosed with BI and @entity3029 and were followed up for at least 6 months. OUTCOME MEASURE: All of the @entity1 were assessed for neurologic recovery observation in terms of Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores and Odom criteria. X- @entity16039 , magnetic resonance imaging, or computed tomography scanning was used to determine reduction, compression, bone graft, and internal fixation before and after operation. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1 who suffered from BI with @entity3029 were treated in our department from July 2000 to October 2014. Preoperatively, the @entity1 were divided into two types on the basis of whether dislocation was reduced after anesthesia and traction were performed: reducible dislocation ( @entity1129 ) and irreducible dislocation (Type B). Reducible dislocation was further divided into two subtypes: full reducible dislocation (Type A1) and partial reducible dislocation (Type A2). Type A1 @entity1 were treated with direct posterior fixation and fusion after traction and reduction. Type A2 @entity1 received posterior atlantoaxial release, fixation, and fusion under traction. Type B @entity1 underwent transoral atlantoaxial release, posterior fixation, and fusion. RESULTS: There were 5 Type A1 @entity1 , 10 Type A2 @entity1 , and 18 Type B @entity1 treated in accordance with the proposed scheme. Postoperatively, sufficient @entity5663 were achieved for all cases. Two Type B @entity1 died. Other @entity1 were followed up from 6 months to 42 months (average=16.6 months); follow-up results showed sufficient decompression, effective fixation and fusion, and no reduction loss. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score increased from preoperative 4-12 (average, 7.8) to postoperative 10-17 (average, 14.3), and neurologic recovery was satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: Under traction, simple posterior fixation and fusion were effective for @entity1129 @entity1 suffering from BI with @entity3029 ; anterior atlantoaxial release and posterior fixation and fusion were effective for Type B @entity1 with BI and @entity3029 .

title: Selection of surgical procedures for basilar invagination with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['reduction and decompression']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation of craniovertebral junction']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['AAD', 'atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['atlantoaxial dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 with @entity5 frequently use dietary supplements, the effects of these agents with regard to chemotherapy are unclear. Therefore, the authors investigated the influence of @entity2186 , @entity1501 , and nutritional supplements on chemotherapy-induced @entity137 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity0 were asked to complete a questionnaire that recorded their use of dietary supplements. Blood samples were obtained for the assessment of serum @entity2186 and @entity1501 levels before and after the first cycle of chemotherapy and for weekly complete blood counts. @entity137 was evaluated by measuring absolute neutrophil counts and the frequency and severity of @entity3136 . RESULTS: Of the 49 @entity1 who submitted questionnaires, 35 (71%) took a combined total of 165 supplements. Compared with @entity1 in a previous study (performed in 1990), @entity1 in the current study had dramatically increased serum @entity1501 levels. Initial neutrophil count, but not type of chemotherapy, @entity1 age, or serum @entity2186 level, was predictive of nadir absolute @entity1398 and the decrease from initial neutrophil count to nadir (Nfall). After adjusting for initial neutrophil count, Nfall was found to be lower for @entity1 who were taking supplements compared with @entity1 who were not taking supplements (P = 0.01) and for @entity1 who were taking multivitamins (P = 0.01) or @entity270 (P = 0.03). Women with serum @entity1501 levels < 20 ng/mL had a smaller decrease in neutrophil count after chemotherapy than did @entity1 with higher @entity1501 levels (P = 0.04). No significant association between @entity3136 and initial neutrophil count, nadir neutrophil count, Nfall, age, @entity2186 level, or @entity1501 level was found. CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in neutrophil count caused by chemotherapy was ameliorated by dietary supplementation with a multivitamin or @entity270 . In contrast, high serum @entity1501 levels were associated with the exacerbation of this decrease in neutrophil count.

title: Effect of XXXX , @entity1501 , and dietary supplements on @entity0 chemotherapy--induced mucositis and @entity1398 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B12']


abstract: This review presents the findings of pharmacogenetic studies exploring the influence of gene variants on antipsychotic treatment response, in terms of both symptom improvement and adverse effects, in @entity1 with @entity161 . Despite numerous studies in the field, replicating findings across different cohorts that include subjects of different ethnic groups has been challenging. It is clear that non-genetic factors have an important contribution to antipsychotic treatment response. Differing clinical, demographic and environmental characteristics of the cohorts studied have added substantial complexity to the interpretation of the positive and negative findings of many studies. Pharmacogenomic genome-wide investigations are beginning to yield interesting data although they have failed to replicate the most robust findings of candidate gene studies, and are limited by the sample size, especially given the need for studying homogeneous cohorts. Most of the studies conducted on cohorts treated with single antipsychotics have investigated @entity1088 , @entity1037 or @entity1090 response. These studies have provided some of the most replicated associations with treatment efficacy. Serotonergic system gene variants are significantly associated with the efficacy of @entity1088 and @entity1090 , but may have less influence on the efficacy of @entity1037 . @entity935 D3 receptor polymorphisms have been more strongly associated with the efficacy of @entity1088 and @entity1037 , and D2 genetic variants with the efficacy of @entity1090 . @entity750 influences the control of feeding behaviour and has been hypothesized to have a role in the development of antipsychotic-induced @entity1017 . Numerous studies have linked the @entity750 receptor 2C (5-HT2C) -759-C/T polymorphism with @entity1017 . The leptin gene variant, @entity29425 , has also been associated with @entity1017 in several studies. Pharmacogenetic studies support the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes and @entity935 receptor variants in the development of antipsychotic-induced @entity717 , with a contribution of serotonergic receptors and other gene variants implicated in the mechanism of action of antipsychotics. @entity1088 -induced @entity3028 has been associated with polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex gene (HLA).

title: Pharmacogenetics of response to antipsychotics in XXXX with @entity161 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine', 'clozapine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['agranulocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of, and the course of treatment with, external fixation (EF) in treating complications associated with @entity3478 and related surgery. METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 (9 males, 9 females; mean age 19 years; range 6 to 35 years) who were treated with EF were evaluated in three groups. Histologic diagnoses were @entity421 (n=3), @entity2828 (n=3), @entity5607 (n=3), @entity511 (n=2), @entity1352 (n=2), @entity6446 , @entity2968 , @entity765 , @entity81 , and @entity83 . Complications secondary to @entity3478 (n=4) and occurring following limb salvage surgery (n=14) were treated with Ilizarov circular EF in nine @entity1 , unilateral EF in six @entity1 , and both in three @entity1 . RESULTS: The first group included eight @entity1 who were treated with EF for @entity85 following surgery. The mean shortening was 10.6 cm, the mean lengthening was 9.7 cm, and the mean external fixator index was 48.8 days/cm. One @entity1 developed @entity174 of the free vascularized fibula graft after EF removal, and amputation was required in two @entity1 . The second group consisted of six @entity1 who had shortening secondary to @entity5 surgery. The mean shortening was 7.5 cm, the mean lengthening was 6.5 cm, and the mean external fixator index was 28 days/cm. In this group, the major complications were implant failure and knee stiffness. The third group included four @entity1 with @entity85 and shortening secondary to multiple @entity11343 (n=3) and @entity6446 . The mean shortening was 7.5 cm, the mean lengthening was 6.5 cm, and the mean external fixator index was 57.2 days/cm. One @entity1 developed ulnar shortening of 2 cm after growth. CONCLUSION: The use of EF in the management of complications associated with @entity3478 and related surgery yields successful results especially in young @entity1 .

title: [Applications of external fixation for management of complications associated with XXXX and related surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['chondromyxoid fibroma']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity83 :: ('MESH:D002812', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid fibroma']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'infection and nonunion or deformity']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ["Ollier's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary multiple exostosis']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']


abstract: Six subtypes of @entity13895 with distinctive clinico-pathological features have been identified largely based on two types of the abnormal prion protein, @entity3669 (Sc), and the @entity1853 (M)/ @entity4857 (V) polymorphic codon 129 of the prion protein. The existence of affected subjects showing mixed phenotypic features and concurrent @entity3669 (Sc) types has been reported but with inconsistencies among studies in both results and their interpretation. The issue currently complicates diagnosis and classification of cases and also has implications for disease pathogenesis. To explore the issue in depth, we carried out a systematic regional study in a large series of 225 cases. @entity3669 (Sc) types 1 and 2 concurrence was detected in 35% of cases and was higher in MM than in MV or VV subjects. The deposition of either type 1 or 2, when concurrent, was not random and always characterized by the coexistence of phenotypic features previously described in the pure subtypes. @entity3669 (Sc) type 1 accumulation and related pathology predominated in MM and MV cases, while the type 2 phenotype prevailed in VVs. Neuropathological examination best identified the mixed types 1 and 2 features in MMs and most MVs, and also uniquely revealed the co-occurrence of pathological variants sharing @entity3669 (Sc) type 2. In contrast, molecular typing best detected the concurrent @entity3669 (Sc) types in VV subjects and MV cases with kuru plaques. The present data provide an updated disease classification and are of importance for future epidemiologic and transmission studies aimed to identify etiology and extent of strain variation in @entity13895 .

title: Incidence and spectrum of XXXX variants with mixed phenotype and co-occurrence of PrPSc types: an updated classification.

entities_list: @entity13895 :: ('MESH:C565143', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

answer: @entity13895 :: (MESH:C565143,Disease) :: ['sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: T-tubular invaginations of the sarcolemma of ventricular cardiomyocytes contain junctional structures functionally coupling L-type @entity460 channels to the sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity460 -release channels (the @entity8452 receptors), and therefore their configuration controls the gain of @entity460 -induced @entity460 release (CICR). Studies primarily in rodent myocardium have shown the importance of T-tubular structures for @entity460 transient kinetics and have linked T-tubule disruption to delayed CICR. However, there is disagreement as to the nature of T-tubule changes in @entity1 @entity712 . We studied isolated ventricular myocytes from @entity1 with @entity741 , @entity1000 , and @entity1121 and determined T-tubule structure with either the fluorescent membrane dye di-8-ANNEPs or the scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM). The SICM uses a scanning pipette to produce a topographic representation of the surface of the live cell by a non-optical method. We have also compared ventricular myocytes from a @entity35 model of chronic @entity712 after @entity583 . T-tubule loss, shown by both ANNEPs staining and SICM imaging, was pronounced in @entity1 myocytes from all etiologies of disease. SICM imaging showed additional changes in surface structure, with flattening and loss of Z-groove definition common to all etiologies. @entity35 myocytes from the chronic @entity712 model also showed both T-tubule and Z-groove loss, as well as increased spark frequency and greater spark amplitude. This study confirms the loss of T-tubules as part of the phenotypic change in the failing @entity1 myocyte, but it also shows that this is part of a wider spectrum of alterations in surface morphology.

title: Loss of T-tubules and other changes to surface topography in ventricular myocytes from failing @entity1 and XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIMS: The primary safety and efficacy endpoints of the randomized FIRE AND ICE trial have recently demonstrated non-inferiority of cryoballoon vs. radiofrequency current (RFC) catheter ablation in @entity1 with drug-refractory symptomatic @entity955 ( @entity955 ). The aim of the current study was to assess outcome parameters that are important for the daily clinical management of @entity1 using key secondary analyses. Specifically, reinterventions, rehospitalizations, and quality-of-life were examined in this randomized trial of cryoballoon vs. RFC catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 (374 subjects in the cryoballoon group and 376 subjects in the RFC group) were evaluated in the modified intention-to-treat cohort. After the index ablation, log-rank testing over 1000 days of follow-up demonstrated that there were statistically significant differences in favour of cryoballoon ablation with respect to repeat ablations (11.8% cryoballoon vs. 17.6% RFC; P = 0.03), direct-current cardioversions (3.2% cryoballoon vs. 6.4% RFC; P = 0.04), all-cause rehospitalizations (32.6% cryoballoon vs. 41.5% RFC; P = 0.01), and cardiovascular rehospitalizations (23.8% cryoballoon vs. 35.9% RFC; P < 0.01). There were no statistical differences between groups in the quality-of-life surveys (both mental and physical) as measured by the Short Form-12 health survey and the EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire. There was an improvement in both mental and physical quality-of-life in all @entity1 that began at 6 months after the index ablation and was maintained throughout the 30 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with cryoballoon as opposed to RFC ablation had significantly fewer repeat ablations, direct-current cardioversions, all-cause rehospitalizations, and cardiovascular rehospitalizations during follow-up. Both @entity1 groups improved in quality-of-life scores after @entity955 ablation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01490814.

title: Cryoballoon or radiofrequency ablation for symptomatic XXXX : reintervention, rehospitalization, and quality-of-life outcomes in the FIRE AND ICE trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the incidence of UTIs, post-operative @entity221 , and risk factors for post-operative @entity221 in PCNL @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2007 and 2009, consecutive PCNL @entity1 were enrolled from 96 centers participating in the PCNL Global Study. Only data from @entity1 with pre-operative urine samples and who received antibiotic prophylaxis were included. Pre-operative bladder urine culture and post-operative @entity221 (>38.5  C) were assessed. Relationship between various @entity1 and operative factors and occurrence of post-operative @entity221 was assessed using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Eight hundred and sixty-five (16.2%) @entity1 had a positive urine culture; @entity526 was the most common micro-organism found in urine of the 350 @entity1 (6.5%). Of the @entity1 with negative pre-operative urine cultures, 8.8% developed a @entity221 post-PCNL, in contrast to 18.2% of @entity1 with positive urine cultures. Fever developed more often among the @entity1 whose urine cultures consisted of Gram-negative micro-organisms (19.4-23.8%) versus those with Gram-positive micro-organisms (9.7-14.5%). Multivariate analysis indicated that a positive urine culture (odds ratio [OR] = 2.12, CI [1.69-2.65]), staghorn @entity1608 (OR = 1.59, CI [1.28-1.96]), pre-operative nephrostomy (OR = 1.61, CI [1.19-2.17]), lower @entity1 age (OR for each year of 0.99, CI [0.99-1.00]), and @entity6 (OR = 1.38, CI [1.05-1.81]) all increased the risk of post-operative @entity221 . Limitations include the use of @entity221 as a predictor of @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 10% of PCNL-treated @entity1 developed @entity221 in the post-operative period despite receiving antibiotic prophylaxis. Risk of post-operative @entity221 increased in the presence of a positive urine bacterial culture, @entity6 , staghorn calculi, and a pre-operative nephrostomy.

title: Urinary tract infections and post-operative XXXX in percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: @entity28 , @entity6 , and prior abdominal surgery are generally considered to increase the risk of liver transplantation. The aim of the present study was to define the effects of these factors on the immediate outcome after transplantation. Two hundred twenty-one consecutive liver transplants were analyzed. Twenty-eight @entity1 were excluded. In the remaining 193 @entity1 [mean age = 52 +/- 19 years, body mass index (BMI) = 28.5, @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) score at listing = 18.7], the risk from @entity28 was graded as follows: (0) BMI < or = 30, (1) BMI = 30-34.9, (2) BMI = 35-39.9, and (3) BMI > or =40. The presence of @entity6 and prior abdominal surgery were each given 1 point. All the individual scores for @entity28 , @entity6 , and prior surgery were added to produce a composite risk score for each @entity1 . @entity1 were categorized into 6 risk groups, group 0 having the least risk and group 5 having the highest risk (none of the @entity1 were in group 5). The outcome measures were @entity204 , reoperation, readmission within 90 days of transplantation, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and packed red blood cell requirement in 48 hours. The 5 risk score groups with @entity1 were similar in demographics and calculated @entity3851 scores. The outcome measures in high-risk groups were similar to those in the lowest-risk group (score = 0). In the Cox regression model for LOS and survival, the composite risk score was not associated with poor survival or prolonged LOS (>3 weeks). Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log rank testing failed to show any difference in survival among different risk groups. In conclusion, @entity1 with multiple risk factors for poor surgical outcomes can undergo successful transplantation with perioperative outcome and mortality comparable to those of low-risk @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity6 , and prior abdominal surgery on resource utilization in liver transplantation: a single-center study.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['MELD', 'Model for End-Stage Liver Disease']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of female urethral diverticulum are rare. A well-documented female @entity1 with primary @entity1358 of the urethral diverticulum is presented here. A  65-year-old @entity1 presented with frequency and voiding difficulty for 2 months. Physical examination showed a 4-cm mass protruding from anterior vaginal wall. Intravenous urography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cystoscopy showed a polypoid mass in urethral diverticulum. She then underwent anterior exenteration with ileal conduit diversion and urethrectomy. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity16488 with @entity150 . She had no disease recurrence at 2-year follow-up. Careful clinical examination and image studies are helpful in making the preoperative diagnosis for the @entity395 . Early radical surgery can achieve better survival.

title: XXXX of female urethral diverticulum--a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck invasion']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the judgmental and mathematical approaches in weighting the @entity14811 Activity Index (PUCAI). METHODS: The PUCAI was previously weighted mathematically using multivariate regression modeling on 157 @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ). Independently, a Delphi group of 36 experts in pediatric @entity31 judgmentally provided weights to the PUCAI's items. The agreement between the tools was evaluated using the 95% limits of agreement method. Validity was assessed on a prospective cohort of 48 @entity31 @entity1 , using three constructs: colonoscopic appearance, physician's global assessment, and the Mayo score. Responsiveness was compared on a longitudinal cohort of 75 @entity1 . RESULTS: The weights of the resulting PUCAI tools were quite similar, but the Delphi group retained the laboratory items, excluded by the mathematical modeling. This difference was reflected by the Bland and Altman method. Both tools performed equally well in the validation and responsiveness cohorts. CONCLUSION: The judgmentally weighted PUCAI had good validity and responsiveness. The mathematical weighting, however, performed just as well without the laboratory items, resulting in a more feasible index. Therefore, the mathematical modeling has proven to be superior in weighting the PUCAI.

title: Mathematical weighting of a clinimetric index ( XXXX Activity Index) was superior to the judgmental approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity14811 :: ('MESH:C536315', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

answer: @entity14811 :: (MESH:C536315,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis']


abstract: @entity3044 , @entity452 , @entity935 , and @entity1854 are four vasoactive drugs used to decrease pulmonary arterial pressure and increase cardiac output in newborns, @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity295 . @entity2404 likely produces some of the hemodynamic changes in @entity295 , and @entity2872 , a thromboxane A2 mimetic, produces similar changes in @entity742 . We studied the hemodynamic effects of these four vasoactive drugs in 10 spontaneously breathing newborn @entity742 during an infusion of @entity2872 . After baseline hemodynamic measurements, @entity2872 (1-2 micrograms/kg/min) was infused to increase pulmonary arterial pressure and to decrease cardiac output. Then, either @entity3044 (0.05-1.0 micrograms/kg/min), @entity452 (5-20 micrograms/kg/min), @entity935 (3-30 micrograms/kg/min), or @entity1854 (0.5-10.0 micrograms/kg/min) was infused. Every 10 min, measurements were repeated and the dose increased. @entity2872 significantly increased pulmonary arterial pressure by 182% and @entity998 by 25% (p less than 0.05). @entity3044 decreased pulmonary arterial pressure by 30% (p less than 0.05) and @entity5691 by 25% (p less than 0.05) at low doses, and @entity5691 by 115% at the maximum dose (p less than 0.05). @entity452 decreased pulmonary arterial pressure by 11% (p less than 0.05) at low doses, and @entity5691 by 28% (p less than 0.05) at low doses, and @entity5691 by 71% at the maximum dose (p less than 0.05). @entity935 did not decrease pulmonary arterial pressure or increase cardiac output. @entity1854 decreased pulmonary arterial pressure by 11% at the maximum dose (p less than 0.05). @entity3044 and @entity452 may be more useful than @entity935 and @entity1854 in the management of @entity120 and @entity998 during @entity295 .

title: Effects of vasoactive drugs on XXXX mimetic-induced @entity120 in newborn @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['Thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decreased cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

answer: @entity2404 :: (MESH:D013928,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane A2']