abstract: @entity794 is the leading cause of @entity9244 , @entity2259 , @entity4034 , and @entity884 in the developed world. The ability of @entity16330 to cause substantial disease in distinct host environments is supported by a flexible metabolism that allows this pathogen to overcome challenges unique to each host organ. One feature of staphylococcal metabolic flexibility is a branched aerobic respiratory chain composed of multiple terminal oxidases. Whereas previous biochemical and spectroscopic studies reported the presence of three different respiratory @entity26 reductases (o type, bd type, and aa3 type), the genome contains genes encoding only two respiratory @entity26 reductases, cydAB and qoxABCD Previous investigation showed that cydAB and qoxABCD are required to colonize specific host organs, the @entity19 heart and liver, respectively. This work seeks to clarify the relationship between the genetic studies showing the unique roles of the cydAB and qoxABCD in virulence and the @entity1576 reported in the literature. We establish that QoxABCD is an aa3-type @entity32669 oxidase but that this enzyme is promiscuous in that it can assemble as a bo3-type @entity32669 oxidase. However, the bo3 form of QoxABCD restricts the @entity505 sources that can support the growth of @entity16330 In addition, QoxABCD function is supported by a previously uncharacterized protein, which we have named CtaM, that is conserved in aerobically respiring Firmicutes In total, these studies establish the @entity9152 biosynthesis pathway in @entity16330 , determine that QoxABCD is a type aa3 @entity32669 oxidase, and reveal CtaM as a new protein required for type aa3 @entity32669 oxidase function in multiple bacterial genera. IMPORTANCE: @entity794 relies upon the function of two terminal oxidases, CydAB and QoxABCD, to aerobically respire and colonize distinct host tissues. Previous biochemical studies support the conclusion that a third terminal oxidase is also present. We establish the components of the @entity16330 electron transport chain by determining the @entity1446 cofactors that interact with QoxABCD. This insight explains previous observations by revealing that QoxABCD can utilize different heme cofactors and confirms that the electron transport chain of @entity16330 is comprised of two terminal @entity32669 oxidases. In addition, a newly identified protein, CtaM, is found to be required for the function of QoxABCD. These results provide a more complete assessment of the molecular mechanisms that support staphylococcal respiration.

title: CtaM Is Required for XXXX Oxidase aa3 Function in @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity32669 :: ('CHEBI:18151', 'Chemical') :: ['menaquinol']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory reductases']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['skin and soft tissue infections']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity32669 :: (CHEBI:18151,Chemical) :: ['Menaquinol']


abstract: The social context surrounding @entity1118 is important, particularly in the case of @entity158 in adolescents, where caregivers can be a key influence on adolescent social and physical activities. In general, greater adolescent difficulties are related to greater caregiver difficulties, and vice versa, although the strength of these relations has not been consistent across studies. Further, existing analyses have not evaluated more complex multivariate models involving both direct and indirect relations among adolescents and caregivers. There is consequently a lack of clarity in this area. The present analyses represent an initial attempt at explicating more precisely how adolescent and caregiver behaviors in response to @entity158 influence adolescent functioning. Initially, a hypothetical model was constructed that included @entity158 management behaviors, as well as adolescent and caregiver psychosocial responses to @entity158 . The adequacy of this model was first evaluated with Pearson correlations and then with structural equation modelling using data from 120 adolescent-caregiver dyads. After some modification of the model to allow for adequate fit with the data, findings indicated that caregiver variables were only indirectly related to adolescent functioning via adolescent psychosocial responses to @entity158 . This indirect relation may explain previous inconsistency across studies. Perhaps more importantly, the model tested may allow for an improved understanding of the complex relations among adolescents and caregivers factors. Finally, the need to adequately understand caregiver experiences in response to adolescent @entity158 is highlighted and calls for appropriate intervention in young @entity1 struggling with @entity1118 are reinforced within these analyses.

title: Disentangling the complex relations among caregiver and adolescent responses to adolescent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'caregiver pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Day hospitals in psychiatry are a major alternative to inpatient care today, acting as key components of community and social psychiatry. OBJECTIVE: To study trends in the use of @entity146 day hospitals over the last decades of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, focusing on @entity1 age, sex, and diagnostic group, using data from Centro Hospitalar S  o Jo  o, Porto, Portugal. METHODS: Data corresponding to years 1970 to 2009 were collected from @entity1 files. @entity1 were classified into seven diagnostic groups considering their primary diagnoses only. RESULTS: Mean age upon admission rose from 32.7  12.1 years in the second half of the 1970s to 43.5  12.2 years in 2005-2009 (p for trend < 0.001). Most @entity1 were female (63.2%), however their proportion decreased from nearly 70% in the 1970s to 60% in the first decade of the 21st century. In males, until the late 1980s, @entity6004 (E) were the most common diagnosis, accounting for more than one third of admissions. In the subsequent years, this proportion decreased, and the number of admissions for @entity161 (C) exceeded 50% in 2004- 2009. In females, until the late 1980s, @entity1316 (D) and @entity6004 (E), similarly distributed, accounted for most admissions. From the 1990s on, the proportion of @entity6004 (E) substantially decreased, and @entity1316 (D) came to represent more than 50% of all admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Mean age upon admission rose with time, as did the percentage of female admissions, even though the latter tendency weakened in the last 10 years assessed. There was also an increase in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Forty years of a XXXX day hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: @entity775 ( @entity775 ) is a common cause of @entity99 in childhood. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment with @entity228 or @entity228 and @entity500 is indicated. Most @entity1 with @entity775 respond to such therapy and experience remission from active disease. Eliminating drug therapy while maintaining remission is the ultimate goal of therapy. The optimal duration of therapy before drug elimination is unclear. Relapse rate is inversely related to therapy duration before drug withdrawal; thus, discontinuing immunosuppressive treatment is considered only after at least 1 to 2 years of complete remission. When applying a slow and systematic approach, many @entity1 with @entity775 can successfully be weaned off immunosuppression completely. Even @entity1 presenting in @entity879 may avoid liver transplantation with early medical therapy. In about 10% of @entity1 , treatment fails, requiring alternative therapies and/or liver transplantation as @entity409 progresses. Less than 10% of @entity1 with @entity775 die during 10 years of follow-up.

title: Outcomes in pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'cortico-steroid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'Autoimmune hepatitis', 'autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity775 :: (MESH:D019693,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An ideal anesthetic technique for anal surgery on an outpatient basis should permit early mobilization without @entity158 or residual complications of @entity590 . The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and efficacy of spinal perianal and spinal saddle block by using two different doses of @entity1343 for perianal surgery and their effects on voiding, first analgesic requirement and hospital discharge times. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on 78 ASA I-II @entity1 scheduled for elective perianal surgery. @entity1 were randomized into two groups, the spinal perianal group and the spinal saddle group. Hyperbaric @entity1343 1.5 mg (perianal) or 6 mg (saddle) was administered intrathecally through the L4-5 intervertebral space by a 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needle with the @entity1 in the sitting position. Sensory block was evaluated using a surgical toothless clamp until satisfactory block reached the S4 sensory level and motor block was evaluated using a modified Bromage scale. @entity1 and surgeon satisfaction were recorded for each @entity1 . Ambulation, voiding and hospital discharge times were assessed. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups demographically. Perianal low dose @entity1343 use resulted in no motor block (Bromage=0, p=0.006) and a sensory block limited to the S4 level. The low and conventional doses of @entity1343 provided sufficient @entity590 during the surgical procedures. The sensory block regression time in the perianal block group was shorter than the saddle group (p=0.048). Time to first analgesic requirement was significantly longer in the saddle block group (p<0.05). The times of first ambulation, the first voiding and hospital discharge in @entity1 with the perianal block were significantly shorter than @entity1 in the saddle block (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the use of 1.5 mg hyperbaric @entity1343 provides sufficient and satisfactory @entity590 in ambulatory perianal surgery.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX in anal surgery : Spinal perianal and spinal saddle blocks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity1343 :: (MESH:C476513,Chemical) :: ['levobupivacaine']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The few @entity1 subjected to autotransplantation of pancreatic islets after pancreatectomy usually become normoglycaemic after using islets from the resected organ only, whereas allogeneic recipients usually require at least two grafts to retain normoglycaemia. Previous experimental studies have demonstrated that islets transplanted to non-pancreatectomised recipients acquire a markedly decreased blood vessel density, which leads to a @entity519 microenvironment. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that autotransplanted islets have better vascular engraftment and function as a result of the pancreatic surgery involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, athymic @entity19 and inbred @entity35 were subjected to a 60% pancreatectomy and transplanted with @entity1 or @entity35 islets, respectively, 4 days later. Control animals underwent sham surgery. Blood flow, @entity26 tension, vascular density and endocrine volume in the islet grafts were measured 1 month after transplantation. Separate grafts were used for perfusion experiments and for assessment of beta cell proliferation and endocrine cellular apoptosis at different time periods after transplantation. RESULTS: Islet grafts in partially pancreatectomised recipients had an increased blood flow, @entity26 tension, blood vessel density and endocrine mass 1 month post-transplantation compared with control animals. They also exhibited @entity101 release in perfusion experiments performed 1 month post-transplantation, and decreased cellular apoptosis early after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The present study shows that the pancreatectomy procedure itself has beneficial effects on the engraftment of transplanted @entity1 and @entity35 islets. Our results provide an additional explanation, besides diminished immunological responses, of the much better outcome of islet autotransplantations compared with allogeneic transplantations in the clinic.

title: Improved vascular engraftment and function of autotransplanted pancreatic islets as a result of partial pancreatectomy in the XXXX and @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased insulin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity428 and @entity1829 are occasionally observed in @entity1 harboring @entity5 in the cervical region or at the craniocervical junction, and the mechanical obstruction to the cerebrospinal fluid circulation is assumed to be responsible for such symptoms and signs. However, @entity428 is very rare in @entity5 locating in the dorso-lumbar region; only 44 such cases having been reported in the literature. Recently we saw a 58-year-old female who presented with three brief episodes of @entity909 associated with @entity390 and @entity391 , progressive @entity303 and @entity22 . Neurologic examination disclosed an early @entity1829 , @entity425 and @entity303 . A left carotid angiogram revealed a small @entity439 arising from C2 segment of the internal carotid artery. Right carotid and bilateral vertebral angiograms were not contributory. The @entity439 was clipped at the first operation. The @entity439 was found apparently unruptured. A ventriculoperitoneal shunt failed to improve her @entity303 . Finally, a total @entity616 was found at L1 level, and a @entity808 arising from the right D12 was removed. After this, all symptoms and signs disappeared within 3 weeks. Pertinent literature on the low @entity4097 associated with an intracranial pressure was reviewed and the mechanism of the elevation of intracranial pressure in such cases were discussed.

title: [Thoraco-lumbar XXXX associated with @entity1829 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure', 'Increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness of both legs']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumor']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['myelographic block']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spinal tumor']


abstract: While there is laboratory evidence that the activity of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is reduced by the presence of @entity520 and @entity2332 , there is limited clinical data to support this observation. Recombinant FVIIa may be used as rescue therapy in surgical @entity1 who have @entity548 that is refractory to conventional therapy. However, these @entity1 are also frequently acidotic and hypothermic at the time the drug is administered. In this retrospective study, the records of 38 adult surgical @entity1 who received rFVIIa intraoperatively or within six hours postoperatively were reviewed. The requirements for red cell transfusion in the two hours following the administration of rFVIIa and the need for repeated doses of rFVIIa were recorded. The relationship between red cell transfusion and pH and temperature of the @entity1 at the time of rFVIIa administration was assessed by multiple regression analysis. The major finding was an inverse relationship between the degree of @entity520 at the time of rFVIIa administration and the requirement for either subsequent blood transfusion or repeat dosing of rFVIIa (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001 respectively). For @entity1 with a pH < 7.2 vs. pH > or = 7.2, the odds ratio for receiving two or more packs of red blood cells within two hours of rFVIIa administration was 15:1. This effect was not observed for @entity2332 . The implication of this study is that rFVIIa may be less effective when administered to severely acidotic @entity1 . Further studies are required to examine whether this is related to the @entity520 directly, or is secondary to other intraoperative variables affecting @entity520 . The clinical utility of rFVIIa in acidotic @entity1 also requires further investigation.

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity2332 on blood transfusion requirements following factor VII administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the majority of @entity1 with @entity43 report symptoms prior to diagnosis, little is known about comparative symptom presentation by histological type, stage, grade, or ethnicity. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study including 622 @entity1 with invasive @entity43 diagnosed from 1993 to 2008. Epidemiological and symptom data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Symptoms established as significant predictors of @entity43 were examined in relation to @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, using unconditional multivariate logistic regression and general linear models. RESULTS: Symptom presentation and duration differed significantly among @entity1 with @entity43 by stage, @entity5 histology, and grade, but not ethnicity. Significant differences were observed by histology in reporting a distended abdomen, abnormal @entity3556 , and bowel symptoms. Compared to @entity1 diagnosed with @entity189 , @entity1 with @entity5 were 2.6 times more likely to report a distended abdomen; @entity1 with @entity4348 were three times more likely to report @entity548 . @entity1 with @entity5 were significantly more likely to report bowel symptoms than were @entity1 diagnosed with other histological types. The majority of @entity1 with @entity5 were diagnosed with advanced @entity5 and had shorter duration of symptoms than @entity1 with early stage disease. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity5 were generally diagnosed at an early stage and had longer duration of symptoms (p=0.009) if diagnosed at an advanced stage. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that the early diagnosis of @entity43 is largely determined by @entity5 histological type.

title: Symptom presentation in invasive XXXX by @entity5 histological type and grade in a multiethnic population: a case analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'serous tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: It has long been believed that the DNA-packaging motor of dsDNA viruses utilizes a rotation mechanism. Here we report a revolution rather than rotation mechanism for the @entity31009 DNA packaging motor. The @entity31009 motor contains six copies of the ATPase (Schwartz et al., this issue); @entity855 binding to one ATPase subunit stimulates the ATPase to adopt a conformation with a high affinity for dsDNA. @entity855 hydrolysis induces a new conformation with a lower affinity, thus transferring the dsDNA to an adjacent subunit by a power @entity64 . DNA revolves unidirectionally along the hexameric channel wall of the ATPase, but neither the dsDNA nor the ATPase itself rotates along its own @entity2270 . One @entity855 is hydrolyzed in each transitional step, and six @entity855 s are consumed for one helical turn of 360  . Transition of the same dsDNA chain along the channel wall, but at a location 60   different from the last contact, urges dsDNA to move forward 1.75 base pairs each step (10.5bp per turn/6ATP=1.75bp per @entity855 ). Each connector subunit tilts with a left-handed orientation at a 30   angle in relation to its vertical @entity2270 that runs anti-parallel to the right-handed dsDNA helix, facilitating the one-way traffic of dsDNA. The connector channel has been shown to cause four steps of transition due to four positively charged @entity376 rings that make direct contact with the negatively charged DNA @entity1391 backbone. Translocation of dsDNA into the procapsid by revolution avoids the difficulties during rotation that are associated with DNA supercoiling. Since the revolution mechanism can apply to any stoichiometry, this motor mechanism might reconcile the stoichiometry discrepancy in many phage systems where the ATPase has been found as a tetramer, hexamer, or nonamer.

title: Revolution rather than rotation of AAA+ hexameric XXXX nanomotor for viral dsDNA packaging without coiling.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity31009 :: (10756,Species) :: ['phi29']


abstract: The 5'-cloverleaf of the picornavirus RNA genome is essential for the assembly of a ribonucleoprotein replication complex. @entity6124 ( @entity6124 ) of the cloverleaf is the recognition site for the multifunctional viral protein 3Cpro. This protein is the principal viral protease, and its interaction with @entity6124 also helps to position the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol) for replication. @entity12821 ) is distinct from the majority of picornaviruses in that its @entity6124 forms a cUAUg triloop instead of the more common uYACGg tetraloop. This difference appears to be functionally significant, as 3Cpro from tetraloop-containing viruses cannot bind the @entity12821 @entity6124 . We have determined the solution structure of the @entity12821 @entity6124 using NMR spectroscopy. The structure is predominantly an A-form helix, but with a central @entity7391 - @entity7391 base-paired region and a significantly widened major groove. The stabilizing @entity3884 bonding present in the uYACGg tetraloop was not found in the cUAUg triloop. However, the triloop uses different structural elements to present a largely similar surface: sequence and underlying architecture are not conserved, but key aspects of the surface structure are. Important structural differences do exist, though, and may account for the observed cross-isotype binding specificities between 3Cpro and @entity6124 .

title: NMR structure of stem-loop D from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

answer: @entity12821 :: (12131,Species) :: ['human rhinovirus-14']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize the results of treatment for sacral @entity3580 in Phase I-II and Phase II @entity505 ion radiotherapy trials for bone and soft-tissue @entity242 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 38 @entity1 with medically unresectable sacral @entity3580 treated with the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan between 1996 and 2003. Of the 38 @entity1 , 30 had not received previous treatment and 8 had locally recurrent @entity5 after previous resection. The applied @entity505 ion dose was 52.8-73.6 Gray equivalents (median, 70.4) in a total of 16 fixed fractions within 4 weeks. RESULTS: The median @entity1 age was 66 years. The cranial @entity5 extension was S2 or greater in 31 @entity1 . The median clinical target volume was 523 cm(3). The median follow-up period was 80 months. The 5-year overall survival rate was 86%, and the 5-year local control rate was 89%. After treatment, 27 of 30 @entity1 with @entity5 remained ambulatory with or without supportive devices. Two @entity1 experienced severe skin or soft-tissue complications requiring skin grafts. CONCLUSION: @entity505 ion radiotherapy appears effective and safe in the treatment of @entity1 with sacral @entity3580 and offers a promising alternative to surgery.

title: Effect of @entity505 ion radiotherapy for sacral XXXX : results of Phase I-II and Phase II clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity505 :: ('MESH:D002244', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon', 'Carbon']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity556 time (PT) can reportedly be falsely prolonged by the antimicrobial drug @entity13757 ( @entity6136 ), and concomitant use of @entity3634 (PG). Although high doses of @entity6136 (>6 mg/kg/day) are recommended for severe @entity281 and result in a high blood concentration, the extent to which high blood concentrations of @entity6136 interfere with PT, in the presence or absence of PG, has yet to be determined when using the HemosIL RecombiPlasTin 2G (Werfen Japan, Tokyo, Japan). We examined the effects of high doses of @entity6136 on PT using this reagent. @entity6136 (0-500 mg/L) was added to normal plasma and plasma with an already prolonged PT in the presence or absence of liposomal @entity2379 (L-AMB, 5-50 mg/L) or COATSOME EL-01 empty cationic liposomes (CS, 25-250 mg/L). Furthermore, we undertook a Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of achieving @entity6136 concentrations >100, >200 and >500 mg/L 0-48 hr after administering 6-12 mg/kg of @entity6136 . Apparent PT increased with increasing @entity6136 concentration, but neither L-AMB nor CS appeared to further elevate PT when co-administered with @entity6136 . The probability of achieving @entity6136 concentrations >100 and >200 mg/L increased with @entity6136 dose. Higher doses of @entity6136 than the approved dose caused false prolongation of PT. PT should be monitored carefully in @entity1 taking high doses of @entity6136 ; ideally, PT should be measured at the trough blood concentration of @entity6136 . Concomitant use of L-AMB and CS did not generally further elevate PT when co-administered with @entity6136 .

title: False Prolongation of @entity556 Time in the Presence of a High Blood Concentration of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13757 :: ('MESH:D017576', 'Chemical') :: ['daptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity13757 :: (MESH:D017576,Chemical) :: ['Daptomycin']


abstract: This study includes 278 cases of @entity5 subjected to radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. The clinical experience of 278 cases is reviewed. Of these cases, 215 were in stage I, and 63 were in stage II. @entity3816 occurred at a rate of 9.7% and involved injuries to the great vessels, lower urinary tract, nerves, and rectum. Operative mortality was found to be 0.3%. @entity260 were observed in 20.1% of @entity1 . Fistulae were observed in 8 (2.8%) @entity1 . The overall survival rate was 83.8%. The 5-year survival rates for stages IA, IB, IIA, and IIB were 100.0%, 87.9%, 71.0%, and 64.0%, respectively. Pelvic lymph node metastases varied from 0% for stage IA to 40.0% for stage IIB and paraaortic involvement varied from 0% for stage IA to 50.0% for stage IIB. Radical surgery seems to be the treatment of choice for @entity1 with early @entity3 .

title: Radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy for treatment of early XXXX : clinical experience of 278 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I and II cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['Intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage cervical cancer']


abstract: Low-grade @entity242 (LGFMS) is a rare @entity5 that commonly arises in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities, particularly in the thigh. LGFMS occurs preferentially in young male adults. The microscopic appearance of LGFMS exhibits bland fibroblastic spindle cells with a whorled or linear arrangement in fibrous and myxoid areas. Although LGFMS has a deceptively benign histologic appearance, local recurrence and late metastases have frequently been reported. Diagnosis of LGFMS is still difficult because of its characteristic bland-looking histologic features that can be confused with other benign or low-grade fibromyxoid lesions. Although immunohistochemical staining can offer an overview of the differential diagnosis of @entity5 of soft tissue, it is sometimes limited for diagnosis of LGFMS. However, recent cytogenetic and molecular analyses have provided significant improvements in the diagnosis of LGFMS. Such analyses have demonstrated that most cases of LGFMS have a characteristic t(7,16)(q33;p11) translocation, resulting in the @entity19957 - @entity32966 fusion gene. We report a 29-year-old female who presented with a LGFMS located in the soleus muscle of her left lower leg. Preoperative imaging suggested the possibility of an intramuscular histiocytoma of the left soleus muscle. In conclusion, diagnosis of LGFMS can be challenging in routine practice in surgical pathology because of its bland-looking features. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings were consistent with the fibroblastic properties of LGFMS. Cytogenetic and/or molecular genetic analyses can be used as ancillary diagnostic tools for LGFMS.

title: Intramuscular low-grade XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyxoid sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['fibromyxoid sarcoma']


abstract: We prospectively studied the echocardiographic findings of an @entity439 ( @entity439 ) to estimate its incidence and to clarify its clinical characteristics and significance. Post-mortem examination was also performed in three @entity1 . Echocardiographically, @entity439 was defined as a bulging segment of the atrial septum localized in the fossa ovalis, either fixed in one direction or oscillating between the atria. It was classified in three types according to Hanley et al., i.e., Type 1A, protruding into the right atrium without oscillation; Type 1B protruding into the right atrium with oscillation, and Type 2, protruding into the left atrium with oscillation. Among 2,074 consecutive subjects in the echocardiographic study population, @entity439 was diagnosed in 26 @entity1 (1.2%). This figure was slightly higher than those previously reported (0.6% to 1.0%). The extent of protrusion of the @entity439 was 8 mm or more in all @entity1 , regardless of its direction, and it was assumed that this is a reasonable echocardiographic diagnostic criterion in the apical four-chamber view. All @entity1 were over 51 years in age, with a mean of 71 years. Most @entity1 (96%) had oscillation of their @entity439 . Twenty-one @entity1 (81%) were of Type 2; one was Type 1A, and four were Type 1B. Post-mortem examination of three @entity1 revealed septal protrusion toward the right atrium in all, and patent foramina ovale in two of them. Among the 26 @entity1 , two (8%) had @entity149 ; one, @entity1188 , the other, @entity385 and @entity1416 . In conclusion, @entity439 was observed in 1.2% of subjects undergoing routine echocardiography, with a distinctive distribution among @entity1 over 51 years of age. Characteristically, it protrudes into the left atrium 8 mm or more, and it is sometimes associated with @entity4616 . Systemic @entity887 is a possible complication of this @entity154 .

title: [Incidence of XXXX : echocardiographic and pathologic analysis].

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['systemic embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'ASA', 'atrial septal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarction']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['atrial septal aneurysm']


abstract: @entity741 results from imbalance between the needs of cardiac tissue and oxygenated blood supplied by the coronary circulation. This imbalance causes a deficit in tissue supplies of @entity26 and of metabolizable substrates which leads, to varying degrees according to the severity of the @entity63 process, to a decrease in the production of energy. This production rapidly becomes insufficient to ensure normal function. Furthermore, the accumulation of metabolic waste products causes the development of progressive cellular acidosis with inhibitory functional and metabolic effects. These metabolic and functional changes in the cell are accompanied by changes in structure and @entity943 , as well as modifications in all-energy dependent mechanisms, particularly clearly marked in relation to membrane systems responsible for ion transport. The degree of these various disturbances is dependent upon the severity of the @entity63 process as well as its duration. Reversibility can be ensured if normal perfusion is restored early. If reperfusion occurs later, it is generally incapable of ensuring the recovery of normal cell function and the @entity63 cell is then destined to @entity39 . Among the possible factors responsible for irreversible @entity63 , an increase in cellular free- @entity460 concentration or an over-production of @entity26 free-radicals, have been largely suggested. A number of therapeutic measures (metabolic or pharmaceutical) have been suggested with the aim of prolonging the duration of tolerable @entity63 before the development of irreversible changes which render reperfusion ineffective. This is particularly the case of anti- @entity63 drugs, the prototype of which is for instance @entity1481 .

title: Ischemic myocardial cell XXXX : @entity460 overload or @entity26 free-radicals?

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: In @entity958 , the process of shoot regeneration in vitro requires the presence of specific miRNAs. We describe here the b-glucuronidase (GUS) expression domains for miR165a/166b, @entity30455 , and @entity30456 / @entity30457 during direct shoot regeneration. Increased GUS activity of @entity30458 and @entity30455 were first detected within the shoot apical meristem of explants, while no pmiR165a::GUS activity appeared there. The zone of pWUS::GUS activity covered the inner sides of developing protuberances, while that of pCLV3::GUS was more restricted. Once the primary shoot had emerged from the protuberance, pREV::GUS activity was turned on throughout the protuberance. pmiR165a::GUS activity was detected in a small number of protuberance surface cells, while pWUS::GUS activity was restricted to within a few cells beneath the protuberance surface. After the differentiation of leaf-like structures, GUS activity for miR165a and @entity30458 appeared largely on their abaxial surface, while pWUS::GUS activity was concentrated at the apex of the primary shoot, and no pCLV3::GUS activity was detectable. Following the formation of secondary shoots, pmiR165a::GUS activity was detected on their abaxial surface. GUS activity for @entity30458 , @entity30455 , and @entity30456 / @entity30457 were concentrated in the stem apical meristem. The observations suggested that each member of this set of genes might play a distinct role in both primary and secondary shoot regeneration.

title: GUS activity for miR165a/166b, XXXX , and @entity30456 / @entity30457 in in vitro direct @entity958 shoot regeneration.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity30455 :: (836190(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['REV']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of contrast enhanced US in the characterization of @entity703 . Materials and methods. Eighty-six @entity703 (33 solid, 53 cystic) underwent contrast enhanced US after indeterminate CT/MRI (67 lesions) or US (19 lesions). Pathological correlation was available for 42 cases, and follow-up at 3 and 6 months was available for 13 cases. Diagnosis was achieved in 21 cases. Lesions included: 19 @entity1358 (4 conventional, 14 papillary, 1 tubulocystic), 5 @entity1637 , 3 metastases, 6 pseudomasses, and 53 @entity5409 including 6 @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity5 were correctly identified in 100% of cases. Characterization of solid @entity5 was possible with specificity of 92.9% for @entity1377 , 57.1% for @entity1358 , and 100% for @entity1637 . The specificity for distinguishing solid benign from solid @entity5 was 100% based on the presence of hypoechogenicity relative to normal renal parenchyma on delayed imaging. Contrast enhanced US allowed reclassification of 23 indeterminate lesions on conventional US. It is of limited value for large @entity5409 or @entity5409 with extensive wall calcification. CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced US is easily performed in clinical practice and allows improved characterization of some @entity703 compared to other cross sectional imaging techniques.

title: [Role of contrast enhanced US in the evaluation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma', 'oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas', 'clear cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: Certain clinical characteristics affect @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) levels independently of clinical @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, it is unclear how to adjust the diagnostic cutoffs of @entity3876 for these variables. We hypothesized that adjusting for important covariates would improve the diagnostic accuracy of @entity3876 for @entity712 in the emergency room setting. We included @entity1 presenting with @entity1353 at the Salt Lake City Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Physicians unaware of the @entity3876 values adjudicated the outcome as @entity1353 due to @entity712 or noncardiac @entity1353 . Subgroup analyses and logistic regression analysis were used to adjust the @entity3876 cutoffs. The mean age of the study population (n = 335) was 72 +/- 11 years. A @entity3876 of 100 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 91%, and a @entity3876 of 400 pg/ml had a specificity of 92%. The covariates age, history of @entity955 , @entity1011 , and body mass index affected @entity3876 levels independently of @entity712 . The subgroup-specific @entity3876 cutoff that maintained 91% sensitivity was 184 pg/ml for @entity1 > or =75 years, 150 pg/ml for those with @entity955 , and 449 pg/ml for @entity1 with a @entity1011 > or =2 mg/dl. These subgroup-specific cutoffs improved specificity compared to a cutoff of 100 pg/ml. The regression model that adjusted @entity3876 improved the reclassification of @entity1 as having cardiac or noncardiac @entity1353 compared to the conventional @entity3876 cutoffs. Of the @entity1 without @entity712 , 11% were correctly reclassified as having noncardiac @entity1353 (p = 0.003). In conclusion, adjusting @entity3876 levels for clinical covariates improves its diagnostic performance.

title: Usefulness of adjusting for clinical covariates to improve the ability of B-type natriuretic peptide to distinguish cardiac from noncardiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: Nine acromegalic @entity1 , six previously untreated, were studied before and after 3-15 months of treatment with a long-acting @entity1943 analogue ( @entity87 201-995; 100 micrograms injected s.c. three times daily). During treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) 24-h GH concentration fell from 82 +/- 22 mIU/l to 33 +/- 7 mIU/l (P less than 0.001), and eight of the 9 @entity1 showed a reduction of at least 50% in GH levels in the fasting state and/or during a @entity413 tolerance test. There was a significant 30% fall in serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor ( @entity442 ) with @entity87 . All @entity1 showed rapid clinical improvement, with diminished sweating and @entity10 , and reduction in skinfold thickness, hand volumes and finger size. Computer tomographic scanning of the pituitary in eight @entity1 showed no change in the size of the @entity5 during treatment. The only side-effects of @entity87 noted were transient abdominal discomfort and loose stools in two @entity1 on initiating therapy. Although fasting plasma @entity413 concentration did not change during treatment (5.4 +/- 0.3 vs 5.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/l), mean 24-h plasma @entity413 concentration was higher with @entity87 (6.6 +/- 0.5 mmol/l vs 6.0 +/- 0.4 mmol/l; P less than 0.02). Mean 24-h plasma insulin concentration fell from 87 +/- 11 mIU/l before treatment to 39 +/- 6 mIU/l during treatment (P less than 0.005). No change in other anterior pituitary hormones was observed. @entity87 appears to be a safe, rapidly effective, long-term treatment for certain @entity1 with @entity2012 .

title: Effective long-term treatment of @entity2012 with a long-acting XXXX analogue ( @entity87 201-995).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumour']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: One of the important aspects of diagnosis and treatment planning in the mixed dentition is estimation of the size of unerupted permanent @entity235 and premolars. One of the most commonly used the prediction methods are Tanaka and Johnston, which are based on data from a sample of Northern European descent @entity1 . The accuracy of this method when applied to a different ethnic population is questionable. The aim of this study was to determine the modified equations from Tanaka and Johnston for Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was an analytic and cross-sectional investigation with the randomized cluster sampling in Ahwaz. Fifty four students of 14-18 years age (32 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) were selected between 320 students and plaster models of their maxillary and mandibular arches were prepared. Subjects had fully erupted teeth, class I @entity235 and molar relationship and presented no proximal caries or fillings, @entity154 , missing teeth or occlusal abrasion, and @entity8599 . The mesiodistal crown diameters of the permanent teeth were measured with using the sharpened boley gauge (accuracy 0.01 mm). The data were analyzed by using the regression correlation analyses and t-test. RESULTS: The size of permanent @entity235 and premolars were larger in maxilla than mandible and males than females. These values in Iran were different from other countries. CONCLUSION: In this study to predict the space (in mm) required for alignment of unerupted @entity235 and premolars in Iranian @entity1 , halve the sum of mesiodistal dimension of the four mandibular incisors and add the respective constants 10.5 for upper jaw and 10 for lower jaw.

title: Prediction of the size of unerupted XXXX and premolars in an Iranian population.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'canines']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['morphological anomalies']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many Canadians are affected by @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) and those with severe or profound @entity393 may have poor hearing function despite optimized hearing aids. Cochlear implants (CI) offer effective hearing rehabilitation for these @entity1 , however, concern continues to exist regarding possible effects of CI on the vestibular system and balance. The objective of this study was to conduct a pilot study assessing the effects of unilateral cochlear implantation (CI) on balance and the vestibular system in post-lingually deafened adults. METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were included in this pilot study and were assessed pre-operatively and at immediate, 1  week, and 1  month post-operative intervals. Assessments consisted of the dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), subjective visual vertical ( @entity6355 ), and timed up-and-go testing (TUG). When applicable, testing was repeated with the CI on and off. RESULTS: Many @entity1 were found to have deviated @entity6355 at pre-operative and post-operative assessments. However, statistically significant changes were not seen when comparing pre-operative and post-operative @entity6355 or when comparing @entity6355 with the CI on and with the CI off. DHI was found to improve in five @entity1 and worsen in two @entity1 , however, no statistically significant change was found in DHI scores or with TUG testing. CONCLUSIONS: This current pilot study does not indicate that CI surgery or implant activity influence vestibular or balance function, however, this pilot study is underpowered and greater numbers of @entity1 would need be assessed to confirm these findings.

title: Vestibular function following unilateral cochlear implantation for profound XXXX .

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early-life exposure to environmental microbial agents may be associated with development of wheezing and @entity56 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of microbial exposure in rural homes with the risk of @entity565 , wheezing, @entity483 and sensitization. METHODS: Birth cohorts of rural @entity1 (n = 1133), half from farmer families, were followed up from birth to 2 years of age by questionnaires in five European centres. Endotoxin and @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) of Penicillium and Aspergillus spp. were determined from living room floor and mother's mattress dust samples collected at 2 months of age. Specific IgE against 19 allergens was measured at 1 year of age. Discrete-time hazard models, generalized estimations equations (GEE) and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity565 was inversely associated with the amount of dust (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.58-0.93) and the loads (units/m(2)) of @entity16290 (aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.55-1.04) and endotoxin (aOR 0.79, 95% CI 0.60-1.05) in the mother's mattress. Similar associations were seen with wheezing and with living room floor dust. The microbial markers were highly correlated and their effects could not be clearly separated. The inverse associations were seen especially among non-farmers. The risk of sensitization to inhalant allergens increased with increasing endotoxin exposure from mattress dust. No associations were observed with concentrations (units/g) or with @entity483 . CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The amount and microbial content of house dust were inversely associated with @entity565 and wheezing, but due to high correlations between microbial agents and amount of dust, it was not possible to disentangle their individual effects. New ways to better measure and represent exposure to environmental microbes, including indexes of biodiversity, are needed especially among farmers.

title: Exposure to microbial agents in house dust and wheezing, XXXX and atopic sensitization in early childhood: a birth cohort study in rural areas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['extracellular polysaccharides', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: Early life stress has a long-term negative impact on emotion, learning, memory and adult sexual behavior, and these deficits most likely impair pair bonding. Here, we investigated whether @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) affects the formation of pair bonds in socially monogamous mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus). In a partner preference test (PPT), @entity1949 -reared adult females and males did not show a preference for their partner, spent more time exploring the cage of an unfamiliar animal and directed high levels of aggression toward unfamiliar animals. In social interaction test, @entity1949 increased exploring behavior only in females, but increased movement around the partner and reduced inactivity in both males and females. Three days of cohabitation did not alter serum @entity2819 levels in @entity1949 -reared males, but increased @entity2819 levels in males that received bi-parental care (PC). Interestingly, serum @entity2819 levels in @entity1949 - and PC-reared females declined after cohabitation. @entity1949 significantly increased basal serum @entity2819 levels in males, but had no effect on females. @entity1949 significantly up-regulated the levels of @entity935 and the mRNA expression of @entity935 1-type receptor (D1R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in females and males. @entity1949 suppressed @entity935 2-type receptor mRNA ( @entity1633 ) expression in females, but increased this in males. After three days of cohabitation, levels of D1R mRNA and @entity1633 mRNA expression changed in opposite directions in PC-reared voles, but in the same direction in @entity1949 -reared males, and only the expression of @entity1633 mRNA increased in @entity1949 -reared females. Our results indicate that @entity1949 inhibits pair bonding at adulthood. This inhibition is possibly associated with sex-specific alterations in serum @entity2819 , levels of @entity935 and mRNA expression of two types of @entity935 receptors in the NAcc.

title: Early social deprivation impairs pair bonding and alters serum @entity2819 and the NAcc XXXX system in mandarin voles.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['early social deprivation', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity26641 is a promising @entity519 PET-tracer. Uptake, spatio-temporal stability and optimal acquisition parameters for @entity26641 PET imaging were evaluated in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity26641 PET/CT images of 15 @entity1149 @entity1 were acquired 2h and 4h after injection (p.i.). Maximum standardized-uptake-value (SUV(max)), @entity5 -to-blood-ratio (TBR(max)), @entity519 fraction (HF) and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) were determined for all lesions. To evaluate spatio-temporal stability, DICE-similarity and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Optimal acquisition-duration was assessed by comparing 30, 20, 10 and 5 min acquisitions. RESULTS: Considerable uptake (TBR >1.4) was observed in 18/25 target lesions. TBR(max) increased significantly from 2 h (1.6    0.3) to 4 h p.i. (2.0    0.6). Uptake patterns at 2 h and 4 h p.i. showed a strong correlation (R=0.77    0.10) with a DICE similarity coefficient of 0.69    0.08 for the 30% highest uptake volume. Reducing acquisition-time resulted in significant changes in SUV(max) and CNR. TBR(max) and HF were only affected for scan-times of 5 min. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity1149 lesions showed considerable @entity26641 uptake. The heterogeneous uptake pattern was stable between 2 h and 4 h p.i. @entity26641 PET imaging at 4 h p.i. is superior to 2 h p.i. to reach highest contrast. Acquisition time may be reduced to 10 min without significant effects on TBR(max) and HF.

title: XXXX imaging with [     F]HX4 PET in @entity1149 @entity1 : defining optimal imaging parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity6 is used for staging of progression of micro and macro-vascular complications of @entity1 with @entity3918 .Our hypothesis was that @entity6 @entity1 at different stages of @entity989 would have different vascular responsiveness that will be used as a surrogate marker of @entity455 for risk assessment of @entity65 . METHODS: - A prospective study enrolled 96 @entity1 . Twenty three healthy volunteers (44  11 years), 25 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity989 (63  11 years), 25 @entity1 with @entity989 [NPDR] (62  9 years), and 23 @entity1 with @entity6 [ @entity6 ] (59  10 years). All @entity1 underwent an ophthalmologic examination to diagnose @entity989 staging, and vascular responsiveness evaluation that included endothelial function evaluation (using the brachial artery method to measure flow mediated diameter change ( @entity4631 %)) and measuring the ankle-brachial blood pressure ratio, a measure of arterial stiffness. RESULTS: - Endothelial function was severely impaired in all @entity6 @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity6 had an @entity4631 % of -3.1  6.6%, @entity1 with NPDR had -3.3  9.2%, @entity1 without @entity989 -1.9  7.4% (p=NS between all groups of @entity1 ). Healthy controls had an @entity4631 % of 16.5  7.5% with a significant difference (p<0.001) compared with each group of @entity1 . No difference in @entity4631 % was observed among @entity1 (p=0.93 between @entity6 and NPDR groups, p=0.54 between NPDR and no @entity989 groups, and p=0.71 between @entity1 without @entity989 and those with @entity6 ).The ankle brachial (ABI) ratio was 1.03  0.28 in the @entity6 group, 1.14  0.24 in the NPDR group, and 0.97  0.18 in the no- @entity989 group. Healthy volunteers had an ABI of 1.07  0.18. No difference was observed between ABI of @entity6 and NPDR @entity1 (p=0.17) and between @entity1 without @entity989 and @entity6 @entity1 (p=0.91). However, a significant difference was observed between the NPDR and no- @entity989 groups (p=0.008). No significant difference was found between ABI ratios when compared with the control group (p=0.62 for @entity6 , p=0.26 for NPDR, and p=0.07 for the no- @entity989 group). No difference was observed in age and BMI among all groups of @entity1 (p=NS for all). @entity1 were older (p<0.001) and had a higher BMI (p<0.001). Interestingly there was no difference in height among groups of @entity1 , but controls were significantly taller compared with each group of @entity1 (p<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: - All @entity1 with @entity6 had severe @entity409 with no difference among the different @entity989 groups. In our @entity1 all @entity1 had a normal arterial stiffness but @entity1 without @entity989 who had the highest arterial stiffness. We could not distinguish vascular traits that would define @entity6 @entity1 at the highest risk to develop @entity65 .

title: Vascular Responsiveness in @entity6 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['macro-vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'T2DM', 'proliferative diabetic retinopathy', 'PDR', 'Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['T2DM']


abstract: The mechanisms of improvement in @entity191 after posteroventral pallidotomy were investigated in 17 @entity1 undergoing unilateral pallidotomy for severe @entity191 . Clinical ratings of 'off' period @entity2845 demonstrated a maximal improvement of 22% 3 months postoperatively. Kinematic assessments of rapid repetitive finger and sequential arm movements were performed after overnight withdrawal of antiparkinsonian medications. There was a bilateral reduction in the inter-onset latency of a two-stage sequential arm movement and a contralateral increase in speed of arm movement after pallidotomy. There was no significant improvement postoperatively in the rhythm, amplitude or speed of repetitive finger movements. The results confirm the clinical impression that pallidotomy improves @entity2845 . This was more evident for complex limb movements, which used attentional strategies and external (visual and auditory) cues, than for repetitive fingertapping movements, which were largely internally generated. Since ablation of the pallidum can only reduce inhibitory pallidal outflow, it is unlikely to restore the normal pallidal influence on thalamocortical motor circuits. Therefore, any improvement in @entity2845 after pallidotomy must be related to mechanisms other than restoration of pallidothalamocortical connectivity. Based on the above observations, we suggest that some of the changes in motor control may be explained by the greater efficacy of external cues in facilitating movement after withdrawal of the abnormal pallidal discharge.

title: Voluntary movement after pallidotomy in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian bradykinesia']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Two lethal toxins were isolated from Trimeresurus wagleri venom by fast protein liquid chromatography (molecular sieve) and high performance liquid chromatography (reverse phase). The toxins (termed peptide I and II) had mol. wt of 2504 and 2530, respectively, pIs of 9.6-9.9 and lacked @entity27647 , proteolytic, and hemolytic activity. Lethal peptide I had a @entity19 i.p. LD50 of 0.369 mg/kg, while lethal II had a @entity19 i.p. LD50 of 0.583 mg/kg. Peptide I retained full @entity137 after autoclaving at 121 degrees C for 40 min. The lethal activity was found to represent less than 1% of the total venom protein, which was only 62-65% of crude venom. The @entity535 sequence of peptide I revealed a @entity1521 -rich (over 30% of total sequence) sequence unique among snake venom toxins. Lethal peptide II showed the same sequence except for a second @entity669 in the position of @entity3793 (residue No. 10) in peptide I. The toxin lacked antigenic identity with a number of @entity2359 and myotoxins. The crude venom shared at least one antigen with Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom. This antigen was not Mojave toxin. The toxin appears symptomatologically suggestive of a vasoactive peptide or neurotoxin.

title: Characterization and XXXX sequences of two lethal peptides isolated from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['representative neurotoxins']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extrathyroid, orbital manifestation of @entity2743 ( @entity2743 )--Graves' orbitopathy ( @entity2743 )--presents a difficult clinical problem. The immunological status of @entity2743 @entity1 is still under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the serum concentration of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), soluble @entity650 receptor (sIL-6R), and @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocytes in @entity2743 @entity1 and to evaluate if these parameters were associated with disease activity. @entity1 : Thirty-nine @entity1 (29 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , aged 24-71, mean 50.18) with newly diagnosed @entity2743 were enrolled in the study. Active @entity2743 was diagnosed in 20 @entity1 . The control group included 12 healthy individuals. METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity650 and sIL-6R were estimated by ELISA. Percentages of @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocytes in peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Mean serum @entity650 and sIL-6R concentrations were significantly higher in all @entity2743 @entity1 and in @entity2743 and @entity2743 @entity1 than in normal controls. In all @entity2743 @entity1 and the @entity2743 group, serum @entity650 and sIL-6R concentrations were significantly reduced after efficient treatment. In @entity2743 patients, only serum sIL-6R concentration was significantly lower after efficient treatment. In all @entity2743 @entity1 , the mean percentage of @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocytes was significantly lower after efficient treatment. In @entity2743 @entity1 , the mean percentage of @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocytes was significantly higher than in the @entity2743 group or in normals. Moreover, in the @entity2743 group, the mean percentage of @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocytes was significantly lower after treatment. CONCLUSION: Our results have shown that @entity405 + @entity1361 - lymphocyte percentage in peripheral blood and serum concentration of sIL-6R are increased in @entity2743 @entity1 and correlate with disease activity.

title: @entity405 + @entity1361 -lymphocytes in peripheral blood and serum concentrations of soluble XXXX receptor are increased in @entity1 with Graves' orbitopathy and correlate with disease activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['GO', 'non-GO', "Graves' disease", 'GD']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin 6']


abstract: @entity79 can be reconstructed with massive structural allografts, but this technique is associated with high complication rates. @entity11608 tabecular metal implants have been successfully used to restore bone defects associated with revision total knee or hip arthroplasties. The aim of this study was to investigate if @entity11608 cylinders could be used to reconstruct large load @entity79 in the presence or absence of a periosteum coverage. @entity79 were reconstructed with @entity11608 cylinders with or without preservation of the periosteum and stabilized by an intramedullary nail. Radiological analysis was performed postop and at 26 weeks follow-up. New bone was labeled with fluorochromes at 13 and 26 weeks follow-up. Reconstructions were tested mechanically and subsequently investigated histologically. Contra-lateral femurs were used as controls. Clinically all @entity1237 returned to normal functional loading after 2 weeks allowing unlimited weight bearing. Radiologically, all @entity11608 cylinders with periosteum coverage united with the host bone. Reconstructions with cylinders without periosteum coverage lead to radiological nonunion in five out of six cases. The strengths of the reconstruction with and without periosteum preservation were respectively 102.1% and 24.5% compared to controls. In the periosteum covered implants, bone contact was found at all levels of the @entity11608 cylinder and more and deeper bone ingrowth was found in this group. @entity11608 cylinders seem a safe and reliable alternative for a massive cortical graft to reconstruct large diaphyseal bone defects in a @entity1237 model if healthy periosteum is present.

title: The presence of periosteum is essential for the healing of large @entity79 reconstructed with trabecular metal: a study in the femur of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bearing segmental diaphyseal bone defects', 'Large segmental diaphyseal bone defects', 'Segmental bone defects']

entities_list: @entity11608 :: ('MESH:D013635', 'Chemical') :: ['Tantalum', 'tantalum']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: This paper presents a summary of the evidence review group (ERG) report into the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of @entity9433 for the treatment of advanced or metastatic @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 based upon a review of the manufacturer's submission to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) as part of the single technology appraisal (STA) process. The scope included @entity1 with advanced, metastatic or recurrent @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 who have had previous therapy that includes trastuzumab. Outcomes were time to progression, progression-free survival, response rates, overall survival, health-related quality of life and adverse effects. The submission's evidence came from one randomised controlled trial (RCT) of reasonable methodological quality, although it was not powered to detect a statistically significant difference in mean overall survival. Median time to progression was longer in the @entity9433 plus @entity416 arm than in the @entity416 monotherapy arm {27.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.4 to 49.4] versus 18.6 [95% CI 9.1 to 36.9] weeks; hazard ratio 0.57 [95% CI 0.43 to 0.77; p = 0.00013]}. Median overall survival was very similar between the groups [67.7 (95% CI 58.9 to 91.6) versus 66.6 (95% CI 49.1 to 75.0) weeks; hazard ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.55 to 1.12; p = 0.177)]. Median progression-free survival was statistically significantly longer in the @entity9433 plus @entity416 group than in the @entity416 monotherapy group [27.1 (95% CI 24.1 to 36.9) versus 17.6 (95% CI 13.3 to 20.1) weeks; hazard ratio 0.55 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.74); p = 0.000033]. The manufacturer's economic model to estimate progression-free and overall survival for @entity1 with @entity1722 -positive advanced/metastatic @entity0 who had relapsed following treatment with an @entity4349 , a @entity3907 and trastuzumab was appropriate for the disease area. The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for @entity9433 plus @entity416 compared with @entity416 monotherapy or @entity1206 monotherapy were higher than would conventionally be considered cost-effective. When compared with trastuzumab-containing regimes, @entity9433 plus @entity416 dominated. In sensitivity analyses the @entity10679 for @entity9433 plus @entity416 compared with @entity416 monotherapy or @entity1206 monotherapy was robust to variation in assumptions. In all sensitivity analyses the ICERs remained higher than would conventionally be considered cost-effective. ICERs for trastuzumab-containing regimes were particularly sensitive to assumptions over the frequency of treatment, which had a large effect on the cost-effectiveness of @entity9433 plus @entity416 . In conclusion, there was a general lack of evidence on the effectiveness of comparators included in the model and on key parameters such as dose adjustments and the model outputs need to be interpreted in the light of this uncertainty. At the time of writing, NICE were still considering the available evidence for this appraisal.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity1722 -overexpressing @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

answer: @entity9433 :: (MESH:C490728,Chemical) :: ['Lapatinib']


abstract: @entity3686 inevitably leads to @entity454 and there are no therapies known to improve outcome. Here we determined whether @entity1289 inhibitors can delay time to dialysis and improve life expectancy in three generations of Alport families. @entity1 were categorized by renal function at the initiation of therapy and included 33 with @entity811 or microalbuminuria, 115 with @entity644 , 26 with @entity8 , and 109 untreated relatives. @entity1 were followed for a period whose mean duration exceeded two decades. Untreated relatives started dialysis at a median age of 22 years. Treatment of those with @entity8 significantly delayed dialysis to a median age of 25, while treatment of those with @entity644 delayed dialysis to a median age of 40. Significantly, no @entity1 with @entity811 or microalbuminuria advanced to @entity177 so far. Sibling pairs confirmed these results, showing that earlier therapy in younger @entity1 significantly delayed dialysis by 13 years compared to later or no therapy in older siblings. Therapy significantly improved life expectancy beyond the median age of 55 years of the no-treatment cohort. Thus, @entity3686 is treatable with @entity1289 inhibition to delay @entity177 and therapy improves life expectancy in a time-dependent manner. This supports the need for early diagnosis and early nephroprotective therapy in oligosymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Early @entity1289 inhibition in XXXX delays @entity177 and improves life expectancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity3686 :: ('MESH:D009394', 'Disease') :: ['Alport syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity3686 :: (MESH:D009394,Disease) :: ['Alport syndrome']


abstract: Mutants of Gibberella fujikuroi with different colony characteristics, morphology and pigmentation were generated by exposure to UV radiation. A mutant, Mor-189, was selected based on its short filament length, relatively high @entity32486 (GA(4)) and @entity9635 ( @entity15150 ) production, as well as its lack of pigmentation. Production of GA(4) by Mor-189 was studied using different inorganic and organic @entity1568 sources, @entity505 sources and by maintaining the pH of the fermentation medium using @entity4959 . Analysis of GA(4) and GA(3) was done by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and LC-MS. The mutants of G. fujikuroi produced more GA(4) when the pH of the medium was maintained above 5. During shake flask studies, the mutant Mor-189 produced 210 mg l(-1) GA(4) in media containing @entity3505 gluten as the @entity1568 source and @entity413 as the @entity505 source. Fed-batch fermentation in a 14 l agitated fermenter was performed to evaluate the applicability of the mutant Mor-189 for the production of @entity32487 . In 7-day fed-batch fermentation, 600 mg l(-1) GA(4) were obtained in the culture filtrate. The concentration of GA(4) and GA(3) combined was 713 mg l(-1), of which GA(4) accounted for 84% of the total @entity15150 . These values are substantially higher than those published previously. The present study indicated that, along with maintenance of pH and controlled @entity413 feeding, the use of @entity3505 gluten as the sole @entity1568 source considerably enhances GA(4) production by the mutant Mor-189.

title: Enhanced production of @entity32486 (GA4) by a mutant of Gibberella fujikuroi in XXXX gluten medium.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity9635 :: ('MESH:C007842', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin A(3)']

entities_list: @entity32486 :: ('MESH:C532593', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin A(4)']

entities_list: @entity4959 :: ('MESH:D002119', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perfusion CT is an attractive technique to assess @entity5 vascularity, and no studies have addressed the relationship between CT perfusion imaging and @entity356 angiogenesis with volume-based technique. This study aims to assess the correlation between perfusion CT parameters using a volume-based technique and immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis in @entity356 . METHODS: 37 @entity1 with @entity356 who completed whole @entity5 CT perfusion examination with volume-based technique were studied. Post surgical specimens were stained using a polyclonal antibody to @entity7 and @entity2280 . Perfusion measurements were correlated with @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and @entity7 by using Pearson or Spearman rank correlation analysis, in which a P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean @entity2101 of all 37 @entity5 was 108.9    38.2 vessels/0.723 mm  . 70.3% (26 of 37) of @entity5 expressed @entity7 positively. @entity2101 of @entity356 was significantly correlated with blood volume (the Pearson correlation coefficient being 0.420, P = 0.001). No correlations were found between @entity7 expression and perfusion CT parameters. There were no significant differences in the parameters between the high and low @entity2101 groups, and between the positive and negative @entity7 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Blood volume was significantly correlated with @entity2101 . It could reflect the angiogenesis in @entity356 .

title: XXXX : can perfusion CT help to noninvasively evaluate @entity5 angiogenesis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['microvessel density', 'MVD']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor', 'gastric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Megavoltage cone beam computed tomography (MVCBCT) is routinely used for visualizing anatomical structures and implanted fiducials for @entity1 positioning in radiotherapy. MVCBCT using a 6 MV treatment beam with high atomic number (Z) target and flattening filter in the beamline, as done conventionally, has lower image quality than can be achieved with a MV beam due to heavy filtration of the low-energy bremsstrahlung. The unflattened beam of a low Z target has an abundance of diagnostic energy photons, detected with modern flat panel detectors with much higher efficiency given the same dose to the @entity1 . This principle guided the development of a new megavoltage imaging beamline (IBL) for a commercial radiotherapy linear accelerator. A @entity505 target was placed in one of the electron primary scattering foil slots on the target-foil slide. A PROM on a function controller board was programed to put the @entity505 target in place for MVCBCT. A low accelerating potential of 4.2 MV was used for the IBL to restrict leakage of primary electrons through the target such that dose from x rays dominated the signal in the monitor chamber and the @entity1 surface dose. Results from phantom and cadaver images demonstrated that the IBL had much improved image quality over the treatment beam. For similar imaging dose, the IBL improved the contrast-to-noise ratio by as much as a factor of 3 in soft tissue over that of the treatment beam. The IBL increased the spatial resolution by about a factor of 2, allowing the visualization of finer anatomical details. Images of the cadaver contained useful information with doses as low as 1 cGy. The IBL may be installed on certain models of linear accelerators without mechanical modification and results in significant improvement in the image quality with the same dose, or images of the same quality with less than one-third of the dose.

title: Low dose megavoltage cone beam computed tomography with an unflattened 4 MV beam from a XXXX target.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: @entity3 due to @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), including polymyxin-resistant (PR-CRE) strains, are being increasingly reported. However, there is a lack of clinical data for several life-threatening infections. Here we describe a cohort of @entity1 with post-surgical @entity1764 due to CRE, including PR-CRE. This study was a retrospective cohort design at a single cardiology centre. @entity1 with @entity1764 due to CRE were identified and were investigated for clinically relevant variables. Infecting isolates were studied using molecular techniques. @entity1 infected with polymyxin-susceptible CRE (PS-CRE) strains were compared with those infected with PR-CRE strains. In total, 33 @entity1 with CRE @entity1764 were studied, including 15 @entity1 (45%) with PR-CRE. The majority (61%) were previously colonised. All infecting isolates carried blaKPC genes. Baseline characteristics of @entity1 with PR-CRE @entity1764 were comparable with those with PS-CRE @entity1764 . Of the @entity1 studied, 70% received at least one agent considered active in vitro and most @entity1 received at least three concomitant antibiotics. @entity2893 plus @entity6414 was the most common antibiotic combination (73%). Over 90% of @entity1 underwent surgical debridement. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 33% and tended to be higher in @entity1 infected with PR-CRE (17% vs. 53%; P=0.06). In conclusion, @entity1764 due to CRE, including PR-CRE, can become a significant challenge in centres with CRE and a high cardiac surgery volume. Despite complex antibiotic treatments and aggressive surgical procedures, these @entity1 have a high mortality, particularly those infected with PR-CRE.

title: Post-surgical @entity1764 due to XXXX -resistant Enterobacteriaceae: Clinical, epidemiological and survival characteristics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem', 'Carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive infections']

answer: @entity2893 :: (CHEBI:46765,Chemical) :: ['carbapenem']


abstract: AIM: To compare the efficacy of low- versus medium-pressure shunts in pediatric @entity1276 in a randomized controlled trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 of pediatric @entity1276 were randomized into two groups. The Chhabra differential pressure VP shunt (low or medium) was inserted in every @entity1 . Postoperative follow-up was performed for symptomatic improvement and radiological evaluation (by sonography or computed tomography scan) for ventricle hemispheric ratio (VHR). Comparative analysis of pre- and postoperative VHR and need of redo surgery for shunt @entity600 were carried out to establish outcomes. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 had a low-pressure and 21 @entity1 had a medium-pressure shunt inserted. The age of the @entity1 ranged from 1 day to 10 years. The average preoperative VHR in group A was 55.37%, which reduced to 40% postoperatively (P = 0.00005); likewise, the pre- and postoperative VHR in group B were 61.57% and 42%, respectively, which was statistically significant (P = 0.0006). The complications of shunts and incidence of redo shunt surgery in both groups were not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.5614). CONCLUSIONS: The study found no significant difference in the outcome of @entity1 with low- or medium-pressure shunt placement in pediatric @entity1276 .

title: Pediatric XXXX : Does the shunt device pressure selection affect the outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity74 / @entity1911 is an @entity74 caused by germline mutation of the genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial @entity4588 dehydrogenase ( @entity10168 ) enzyme involved in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The pathogenetic role of @entity10168 gene mutations was first recognized in 2000. Authors present the history of a @entity1 with @entity1911 who represents in Hungary the first genetically confirmed case of @entity74 / @entity1911 due to disease-causing mutation of the @entity10170 gene. Also, the authors review the progress of our knowledge about this syndrome. CASE REPORT: A 33 years-old @entity1 was observed with @entity101 , increased perspiration and palpitation. Laboratory analysis showed increased urinary @entity2922 metabolite excretion, abdominal radiologic imaging revealed a @entity5 with 3.5 cm extension located close to the abdominal aorta. After @entity5 resection the clinical symptoms disappeared. Histological examination of the @entity5 proved @entity1911 . Although family history was unremarkable, the young age of the @entity1 raised the possibility of a @entity4310 . Mutation screening using peripheral blood DNA samples of the @entity1 indicated the presence of @entity32971 frameshift mutation of the @entity10170 gene. Genetic analysis of family members revealed the presence of the same mutation in his asymptomatic father while the mutation was not present in his mother and brother. CONCLUSION: The presented @entity1 represents the first case with @entity74 / @entity1911 from Hungary, in whom genetic analysis identified a disease-causing mutation of the @entity10170 gene. Pedigree analysis was compatible with genomic imprinting which has been demonstrated in many families with this syndrome.

title: [ XXXX associated to @entity10170 gene mutation].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma syndrome', 'extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary paraganglioma', 'autosomal dominantly inherited disease', 'hereditary paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary syndrome']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4858 ( @entity4858 ) is the leading cause of preventable monocular @entity1018 in @entity1 , with an estimated prevalence of 5.7 million cases. Epidemiological information on @entity4858 is rare, skewed towards high-income countries, and commonly overlooked by non-governmental ophthalmological organizations. This study aims to quantitatively and qualitatively determine incidence of @entity4858 in the Republic of Tajikistan. METHODS: Data were collected from all pediatric @entity4858 records (N = 454) admitted to three pediatric ophthalmology hospitals in two regions of Tajikistan between 2010 and 2012. RESULTS: A review of the records revealed a cumulative annual incidence of 12.8 @entity4858 cases/100,000, with marked inter- and intra-regional differences. Mean age was 7.0 years (95% confidence interval, CI, 6.7-7.4), and male to female ratio was 2.5:1. @entity4858 occurred predominantly outdoors (63%), in rural settings (76%) during unsupervised play, and typically resulted from the eye being hit (53%) by a pointed object (51%), resulting in an @entity542 (56%). Median time-to-presentation was 24 hours (range 9.6 hours-10 days) and median duration of hospitalization was 15 days (range 2-29 days). Of the 454 cases, 111 (25%) resulted in @entity735 , 62 (14%) in severe @entity227 , and 45 (10%) in moderate @entity227 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4858 is a major cause of @entity227 in Tajikistan, with a high rural incidence of severe blinding @entity130 . Potential risks and outcomes relate to Tajikistan's cultural, historical, and physical settings. We anticipate that the information provided by this study will facilitate development of culturally derived strategies to reduce @entity4858 in Tajikistan.

title: XXXX in the Republic of Tajikistan: More Than Meets the Eye.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric monocular visual impairment', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['open-globe injury']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['PEI', 'Pediatric eye injury', 'eye injury']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['a blind eye']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity735 :: (MESH:D005124,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Eye Trauma']


abstract: Genetically engineered, conditionally replicating herpes simplex viruses type 1 ( @entity3307 ) are promising therapeutic agents for @entity1313 and other solid @entity5 . They can replicate in situ, spread and exhibit oncolytic activity via a direct cytocidal effect. One of the advantages of @entity3307 is the capacity to incorporate large and/or multiple transgenes within the viral genome. Oncolytic @entity3307 can therefore be "armed" to add certain functions. Recently, the field of armed oncolytic @entity3307 has drastically advanced, due to development of recombinant @entity3307 generation systems that utilize bacterial artificial chromosome and multiple DNA recombinases. Because antitumor immunity is induced in the course of oncolytic activities of @entity3307 , transgenes encoding immunomodulatory molecules have been most frequently used for arming. Other armed oncolytic @entity3307 include those that express antiangiogenic factors, fusogenic membrane glycoproteins, suicide gene products, and proapoptotic proteins. Provided that the transgene product does not interfere with viral replication, such arming of oncolytic @entity3307 results in augmentation of antitumor efficacy. Immediate-early viral promoters are often used to control the arming transgenes, but strict-late viral promoters have been shown useful to restrict the expression in the late stage of viral replication when desirable. Some armed oncolytic @entity3307 have been created for the purpose of noninvasive in vivo imaging of @entity1800 and replication. Development of a wide variety of armed oncolytic @entity3307 will lead to an establishment of a new genre of therapy for @entity1313 as well as other @entity5 .

title: "Armed" oncolytic herpes simplex viruses for XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this paper was to present the results of a simple modification of the suture technique for @entity358 banding (PAB), which allows for stepwise debanding by use of balloon catheter. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the period 1985-2007, PAB operations were performed in 227 @entity1 at Rikshospitalet. Of these @entity1 , 14.5% (n = 33) were treated by balloon dilatation of the PAB. Nine were treated twice. The intention of the procedure was total debanding in 17 and palliative treatment by stepwise dilatation of the PAB in 16 @entity1 . Median follow up time was 59 months. The mean reduction of the gradient was more pronounced in the first group (37.0    19.0 vs. 14.5    10.3 mmHg, P < 0.001). The average mean @entity26 saturation improved, however, significantly within the palliated group. The median time for reintervention after stepwise dilatation was 9 months. Serious, procedure-related complications occurred in 2 of 42 catheterizations (4.8%). Debanding by catheter replaced surgery in 8 of the 17 @entity1 (47%). CONCLUSION: We consider catheter debanding a valuable alternative in selected cases. Combination with additional interventional techniques may extend the future indications.

title: Balloon dilatation of XXXX banding: Norwegian experience over more than 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary artery']


abstract: Major @entity548 is one of the commonest causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. It may result in @entity1003 . Correction of @entity1003 when administering Factor VII may be crucial to the management of selected cases. We report the use of recombinant activated factor in three cases of massive @entity548 . Prolonged international normalised ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, and reduced fibrinogen were the trigger to use rFVIIa. It was effective to halt the process of @entity1003 , secure haemostasis and improve laboratory parameters in all three @entity1 . We review the relevant literature and discuss its indications, the potential benefits and possible complications. Recombinant activated Factor VII is a potential haemostatic agent in massive @entity548 . Its successful use has been reported in @entity954 and @entity1003 . It may abolish the need for hysterectomy, which has a devastating effect on the @entity1 future fertility and psychological well-being.

title: The role of recombinant activated Factor VII in major XXXX : the Farnborough experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy and diffuse pelvic or vaginal bleeding', 'consumptive coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['obstetric haemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study is to describe the inter-province differences in traffic accidents and mortality on roads of @entity233 . METHOD: Two different risk indicators were used to evaluate the road safety performance of the provinces in @entity233 . These indicators are the ratios between the number of @entity1 killed in road traffic accidents (1) and the number of accidents (2) (nominators) and their exposure to traffic risk (denominator). Population and the number of registered motor vehicles in the provinces were used as denominators individually. Spatial analyses were performed to the mean annual rate of @entity204 and to the number of fatal accidents that were calculated for the period of 2001-2006. Empirical Bayes smoothing was used to remove background noise from the raw @entity204 and accident rates because of the sparsely populated provinces and small number of accident and @entity204 rates of provinces. Global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were performed to show whether the provinces with high rates of @entity204 -accidents show clustering or are located closer by chance. The spatial distribution of provinces with high rates of @entity204 and accidents was nonrandom and detected as clustered with significance of P<0.05 with spatial autocorrelation analyses. RESULTS: Regions with high concentration of fatal accidents and @entity204 were located in the provinces that contain the roads connecting the Istanbul, Ankara, and Antalya provinces. Accident and @entity204 rates were also modeled with some independent variables such as number of motor vehicles, length of roads, and so forth using geographically weighted regression analysis with forward step-wise elimination. The level of statistical significance was taken as P<0.05. Large differences were found between the rates of @entity204 and accidents according to denominators in the provinces. The geographically weighted regression analyses did significantly better predictions for both accident rates and @entity204 rates than did ordinary least regressions, as indicated by adjusted R(2) values. Geographically weighted regression provided values of 0.89-0.99 adjusted R(2) for @entity204 and accident rates, compared with 0.88-0.95, respectively, by ordinary least regressions. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Geographically weighted regression has the potential to reveal local patterns in the spatial distribution of rates, which would be ignored by the ordinary least regression approach. The application of spatial analysis and modeling of accident statistics and @entity204 rates at provincial level in @entity233 will help to identification of provinces with outstandingly high accident and @entity204 rates. This could help more efficient road safety management in @entity233 .

title: Explorative spatial analysis of traffic accident statistics and road mortality among the provinces of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']