abstract: The relation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes involved in @entity172 function to @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) has been inadequately explored. We evaluated SNPs in sex @entity134 -metabolizing genes and @entity172 receptors (ERs) for their association with @entity1109 (hot flashes, night sweats, and/or cold sweats) reported by @entity1 who were premenopausal or in early perimenopause at baseline. The study population was drawn from @entity1 in the Study of @entity1 's Health Across the Nation ( @entity28927 ). African American, Caucasian, Chinese, and Japanese @entity1 , 42 to 52 years of age at baseline, who were enrolled in the longitudinal, community-based cohort of @entity28927 provided questionnaire, interview, weight and height measurements, and serum samples through the sixth annual visit. SNPs associated with the sex @entity134 hormone pathway were genotyped and available for 1,538 @entity1 . These SNPs were associated with reporting @entity1109 > or =6 days compared with <6 days in the past 2 weeks using race/ethnicity-specific repeated measures logistic regression models. @entity1 were on average 46 years old at baseline. The prevalence of @entity1109 reporting increased in all racial/ethnic groups from baseline to the sixth annual follow-up visit. After adjustment for covariates, several SNPs encoding genes responsible for @entity172 metabolism and ERs were associated with decreased odds of reporting @entity1109 , including the @entity4188 @entity27515 GC genotype in African American @entity1 ; 17HSD @entity54687 TG, 17HSD @entity54688 TG, and 17HSD @entity54689 AG genotypes in Caucasian @entity1 ; and the @entity4187 @entity54690 AC genotype in Chinese @entity1 . We identified race/ethnicity-specific associations between @entity1109 reporting and specific polymorphisms for sex @entity134 -metabolizing enzymes and sex @entity134 receptors. Clarification of the mechanisms of the associations and confirmation in other populations is warranted.

title: Vasomotor symptom prevalence is associated with polymorphisms in sex XXXX -metabolizing enzymes and receptors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['VMS', 'vasomotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity1897 has been described in different @entity627 such as @entity309 , @entity1252 , but usually in limited numbers of @entity1 . @entity128 is more frequently reported in @entity4019 . In earlier studies generally performed in small series of @entity1 , prevalence of @entity1897 varied widely. We evaluated prevalence of @entity1897 in 33 unselected @entity1 with @entity4019 (25 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 , aged from 45-71 years). Neurologic involvement was detected using a complete clinical and electrophysiologic assessment, including sensory motor conduction velocities, F wave and H reflex. Neurologic examination revealed a @entity16 in 48% of subjects, while electrophysiologic variables were altered in 82%; a percentage similar to that of subjective symptoms (91%). Among electrophysiologic investigations, F wave was altered in 22/33 subjects (67%); therefore, this variable seems to be the most reliable for the detection of neurologic involvement. Cryocrit levels were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1897 : abnormal examination (p less than 0.01), sensory motor conduction (p less than 0.04), and F wave alterations (p less than 0.008). In addition, @entity854 seem to contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity128 . Our results indicate that @entity1897 , to a variable degree, is present in the majority of @entity1 with @entity4019 , and a complete clinical and electrophysiologic investigation can be useful for an early and correct diagnosis.

title: XXXX in @entity4019 : clinical and electrophysiologic investigations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4019 :: ('MESH:C565141', 'Disease') :: ['mixed cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injury', 'nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral neuropathy', 'peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemorheological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['Peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: Municipal hospitals in large cities provide care for @entity1 from immigrant and mixed ethnic communities that are at high risk for @entity6 . Both @entity6 and @entity4854 increase the risk of adverse outcome after @entity583 , and the impact of @entity4854 on the outcome of @entity583 in this particular setting has not been previously studied. We therefore undertook a retrospective cohort study to determine the prevalence of @entity6 and @entity4854 in @entity1 presenting to a university-affiliated Bronx municipal hospital with @entity583 , and the relationship of these conditions to the extent of @entity301 and mortality. We obtained data on 106 consecutive @entity1 from July 1998 to April 1999 with a diagnosis-related group diagnosis of either @entity583 or @entity1187 , in which @entity583 was confirmed by serum enzymes or characteristic electrocardiographic changes. @entity1 were followed until March 30, 2001. Measurements of clinical parameters and results of catheterization were obtained for all @entity1 . @entity204 rates were determined by laboratory database, direct @entity1 contact, or data from National @entity204 Index. Eighty percent of the cohort had either a diagnosis of @entity6 (n = 45, 42% of cohort) or evidence of @entity4854 (defined as serum @entity413 greater than 126 mg/dL at the time of admission without prior diagnosis of @entity6 , n = 40, 38%). In-hospital mortality for @entity1 with @entity6 , @entity4854 , or normal @entity413 was 20%, 15%, and 14%, respectively. Eighty-three percent of the cohort received beta blockers, and 61% of hospital survivors had catheterization. Left main or @entity66 was common in both @entity1 with @entity6 (52%) and @entity1 with @entity4854 (32%). Mortality at follow up (maximum follow up 3 years; mean follow up 19.6 months) was much higher in @entity1 with either @entity6 (42%) or @entity4854 (52%) than normal subjects (24%). Kaplan-Meier analysis of the difference in mortality between @entity1 with high @entity413 on admission and normal subjects was borderline significant (P = 0.06). Multivariate regression demonstrated that age (P = 0.020), increase in admission serum @entity1011 (P = 0.001), and reduction in either ejection fraction (P = 0.016) or admission systolic blood pressure (P = 0.005) were significant predictors of mortality. Glycemic status and sex were not independently associated with @entity204 after controlling for these other factors. These results show that the prevalence of both @entity6 and @entity4854 on presentation with @entity583 is strikingly high in this immigrant, mixed ethnic, urban population. @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4854 had @entity1442 on presentation and much higher mortality at 2 to 3 years than those with normal blood @entity413 . The mortality difference is the result of older age and more @entity1442 rather than @entity4854 per se.

title: XXXX and @entity4854 associated with @entity583 at an urban municipal hospital: prevalence and effect on mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['stress hyperglycemia', 'hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Essential @entity400 (ET) is a @entity717 characterized by a postural or kinetic @entity400 of the hands, head, or voice. It is typically a familial condition and affects 1% to 4% of the general population. The trait is genetically linked to chromosome 2p in some families. A variant ( @entity56779 ) in exon 7 of the hematopoietic-specific protein 1 binding protein 3 gene ( @entity56780 ) on chromosome 2p recently has been found to segregate with ET in 2 families. To determine the frequency of this variant in a larger series, we studied @entity1 with ET, @entity191 ( @entity191 ), and controls without @entity400 . Affected singletons representing 73 families from the United States with dominantly inherited ET, 35 individuals with @entity191 , and 304 healthy controls older than age 60 were tested for the @entity56779 variant in exon 7 of the @entity38835 - @entity35965 gene by a BseYI restriction enzyme digest of the polymerase chain reaction product. Heterozygous carriers of the mutant allele were identified in 12 individuals with ET (16.4%) and in 1 individual with @entity191 and postural @entity400 (3%). All of the healthy controls (608 chromosomes) were homozygous for the wild-type allele. The @entity56779 genetic variant in the @entity38835 - @entity35965 gene occurs relatively frequently in subjects with ET. The variant may also be found in some individuals with @entity191 and postural @entity400 . The @entity38835 - @entity35965 gene plays a putative role in regulating @entity2922 and @entity750 metabolism, but the functional consequences of the @entity535 substitution ( @entity38798 ) caused by this genetic variant is unknown.

title: XXXX gene variant is common in familial essential @entity400 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity56780 :: (64342,Gene) :: ['HS1-BP3']


abstract: Albumin dominates the plasma proteins in @entity1 . Following our observation that albumin turnover in rodent @entity5 is markedly increased, we will present evidence that albumin can be employed as an efficient carrier for targeting cytostatic agents like @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) into @entity5 . The considerable discrepancy in the molecular weight of @entity1500 (454 Da) and albumin (about 67,000 Da) tempted researchers to load multiple drug molecules on one carrier molecule. It was supposed that the optimal therapeutic efficacy of @entity1500 protein conjugates could be achieved by increasing the number of the molecules of @entity1500 attached to the carrier. In this paper we will show that only loading rates of close to 1 mol of the cytostatic drug @entity1500 /mol of albumin offer optimal conditions for targeting @entity1500 -albumin conjugates into rodent @entity5 . Conjugates bearing 5, 7, 10 and 20 molecules of @entity1500 on average showed considerable alterations in the HPLC profiles of the conjugates compared to albumin. Conjugates carrying 5-20 mol @entity1500 , tagged with a residualizing radiolabel, were efficiently trapped by the liver before reaching the @entity5 . The @entity5 uptake rates of these conjugates declined dramatically with an increasing molecular load of the cytotoxic drug linked to albumin. Competition experiments with maleylated bovine serum albumin and fucoidan revealed that scavenger receptors present on the cells of the liver monocyte macrophage system were involved in this process. For further preclinical and clinical studies, we chose @entity1500 -albumin conjugates, derivatized at a molar ratio of 1:1. These conjugates enjoy the same favorable @entity5 targeting properties like albumin, e.g. high @entity5 uptake rates, low liver uptake rates and a very long biological half-life.

title: The loading rate determines XXXX targeting properties of @entity1499 -albumin conjugates in rats.

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: RATIONALE: Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation has been documented in @entity1 with @entity387 . This impairment may result in @entity450 during @entity386 -induced @entity551 . OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that @entity519 and hypercapnic vasodilation in the forearm and cerebral circulation are impaired in @entity1 with @entity387 . METHODS: We exposed 20 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity387 and 20 control subjects, to @entity519 and hyperoxic @entity2944 . A subset of 14 @entity1 was restudied after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Cerebral flow velocity (transcranial Doppler), forearm blood flow ( @entity432 plethysmography), arterial pressure (automated sphygmomanometry), @entity26 saturation (pulse oximetry), ventilation (pneumotachograph), and end-tidal @entity26 and @entity544 tensions (expired gas analysis) were measured during three levels of @entity519 and two levels of @entity2944 . Cerebral vasodilator responses to @entity519 (-0.65 +/- 0.44 vs. -1.02 +/- 0.72 [mean +/- SD] units/% saturation; P = 0.03) and @entity2944 (2.01 +/- 0.88 vs. 2.57 +/- 0.89 units/mm Hg; P = 0.03) were smaller in @entity1 versus control subjects. @entity519 vasodilation in the forearm was also attenuated (-0.05 +/- 0.09 vs. -0.10 +/- 0.09 unit/% saturation; P = 0.04). @entity2944 did not elicit forearm vasodilation in either group. Twelve weeks of continuous positive airway pressure treatment enhanced @entity519 vasodilation in the cerebral circulation (-0.83 +/- 0.32 vs. -0.46 +/- 0.29 units/% saturation; P = 0.01) and forearm (-0.19 +/- 0.15 vs. -0.02 +/- 0.08 units/% saturation; P = 0.003), and hypercapnic vasodilation in the brain showed a trend toward improvement (2.24 +/- 0.78 vs. 1.76 +/- 0.64 units/mm Hg; P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Vasodilator responses to chemical stimuli in the cerebral circulation and the forearm are impaired in many @entity1 with @entity27 . Some of these impairments can be improved with continuous positive airway pressure.

title: Impaired vascular regulation in @entity1 with XXXX : effects of continuous positive airway pressure treatment.

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia', 'Hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['blood flow dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxic', 'isocapnic hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['fluctuations in arterial blood gases']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: Although the capillary wall represents an active interface between blood and tissue, the potential role of the capillary in blood flow control has not been determined. The goals were (i) to establish the presence of the capillary sensing and communication phenomenon (Dietrich and Tyml, Microvasc. Res. 43, 87-99, 1992) in @entity1 microvasculature and (ii) to determine the relative sensitivity of the capillary and the arteriole to locally applied vasoactive agents. Using intravital video microscopy, @entity1063 (NE; 10(-7)-3 x 10(-3) M), @entity934 ( @entity1617 ; 10(-4)-10(-2) M), or @entity1812 (BK; 10(-9)-10(-3) M) was applied via micropipettes on capillaries (300 microm downstream from feeding arterioles) or on arterioles, at the surface of the extensor digitorum longus muscle of anesthetized @entity35 . Red blood cell velocity (VRBC) in capillaries and arteriolar diameters was measured from video recordings. The overall control VRBC and control diameter were 190 microm/sec and 8.3 microm, respectively. NE applied on the capillary caused a dose-dependent reduction in VRBC (up to 100%, i.e., 0 microm/sec) via a constriction of the feeding arteriole. Both @entity1617 and BK applied on the capillary caused a dose-dependent increase in VRBC (up to 115%) via @entity384 . Based on two different approaches, these responses could not be explained in terms of diffusion of agents from capillary to the arteriole. When testing for the relative sensitivity of the arteriole and the capillary, application of NE and @entity1617 on arterioles caused VRBC and diameter responses similar to those of capillary stimulations. When testing for the speed of response in these two microvessels, the time of noticeable VRBC change after NE (i.e., 10% from control) was also similar. We concluded that (i) the @entity35 skeletal muscle capillary could respond to a variety of locally applied materials and (ii) the capillary could have as profound an effect on microvascular flow as the arteriole. Thus capillary could have the potential to participate in microvascular flow control.

title: Comparable effects of arteriolar and capillary stimuli on blood flow in XXXX skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar dilation']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim was to test whether male @entity19 injected with (239)Pu @entity1792 transmit induced mutations that lead to specific causes of @entity204 , decrease longevity or both. Male @entity11643 /Ca @entity19 injected with @entity52721 solutions at nominal activities of 6 and 60 Bq g(-1) were mated to females (same strain) 54-68 days later. Absorbed doses to the testes were estimated to be approximately 0.3 and 4.0 cGy. Control males were injected with carrier only. Longevity was evaluated. All 1807 progeny were given detailed necropsies. Haematological analysis was used in an attempt to identify @entity1778 . Male progeny from both treated groups lived significantly longer than those from the control, and there was no difference in longevity between the two treatments. No evidence was found of the induction of @entity1778 or of any of the numerous probable causes of @entity204 . Although numerous significant differences were found in the many comparisons made between the three groups, there was no clear indication that any harmful effects were associated with paternal preconceptional plutonium exposure. This was in spite of the initial body burden (higher dose) being approximately 2800 times the maximum body burden allowed for workers when this study was initiated.

title: First-generation offspring of male XXXX exposed to @entity52721 show no evidence of @entity1778 or life shortening.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In two grazing experiments carried out in 1982 and 1983 the prophylactic effect on @entity20789 of a single ivermectin treatment of @entity291 3 weeks after turnout was studied in animals which were turned out early on contaminated pasture and in @entity291 which were turned out late on mown pasture. A single ivermectin treatment 3 weeks after early turnout did not prevent @entity281 . However, such single treatment of @entity291 3 weeks after a late turnout on mown pasture appears to be a promising way of preventing @entity281 . Late turnout on mown pasture without anthelmintic treatment was not enough to prevent @entity281 . Ivermectin treatment was more effective against Ostertagia spp. than against Cooperia spp. There was no effect on the faecal egg output of Nematodirus helvetianus. Predominantly due to the dry summer, infections were lighter in 1983 than in 1982. These lower infections, and possibly also a delay in the onset of inhibition and differences in helminth strains, may explain the lower proportion of inhibited development in Ostertagia spp. in 1983 than in the comparable groups in 1982.

title: The prophylactic effect of ivermectin treatment of XXXX , three weeks after turnout, on @entity20789 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['heavy helminth infections', 'heavy infections']

entities_list: @entity20789 :: ('MESH:C531698', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal helminthiasis']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity170 is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. While screening for this disease is important, few studies have evaluated the role of an @entity170 screening device in afamily practice setting. This study evaluated the influence of a peripheral-dexa (p-dexa) heel @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measurement and a @entity1 education program on changes in pharmacologic treatment for suspected @entity2331 or @entity170 by primary care physicians over a 1-year follow-up. METHODS: Using a computerized database (ages 50 to 75 years), 1,927 @entity1 were identified. An invitation was mailed to register for a screening to have a p-dexa heel @entity79 scan done and to attend an @entity170 prevention presentation. Medication history, age, height, weight, and risk factors for @entity170 were collected. A follow-up chart review was carried out on @entity1 who werefound to have heel @entity79 T-scores of <-.6 (suggested by the World Health Organization). Date of menopause onset, pharmacotherapy for @entity170 , @entity460 , @entity560 , and physician intervention were assessed. RESULTS: There were 292 @entity1 (15.2%) who self registered, obtained @entity79 testing, and attended an educational program. Of these @entity1 , 87 (30%) had at least one risk factor for @entity170 , in addition to menopause. Mean @entity79 was .489 +/- .113 gm/cm2 (normal >.42 gm/cm2). A post-screening chart review was completed in 102 @entity1 (36.6%) at greatest risk for @entity170 based on a T-score <-.6. Following the intervention, 26 @entity1 were started on antiresorptive therapy (primarily @entity172 ), and three additional @entity1 had a second antiresorptive agent added to @entity172 . CONCLUSIONS: P-dexa heel @entity79 has utilityfor screening @entity1 at riskfor @entity170 . However, only 15% of invited @entity1 attended the screenings, and pharmacotherapy treatment did not significantly change after screening in the majority of @entity1 at riskfor @entity170 , based on p-dexa screening.

title: Use of a peripheral dexa measurement for XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: A 40-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as having @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) in December 1990 and received @entity1863 and @entity1862 . He developed @entity3614 crisis in February 1996. After DCMP combination chemotherapy, his disease reverted to chronic phase, but right @entity158 developed and low-grade @entity221 persisted. Abdominal CT scan revealed multiple low-density areas in the liver, suggestive of @entity733 formation. Grocott staining of a liver biopsy sample revealed @entity738 and fungus. The @entity1 was treated with intravenous @entity2379 ( @entity45980 ) without success. @entity45980 was then administered via a catheter placed in the portal vein on January 6, 1997, and an additional catheter placed in the hepatic artery on March 28. @entity45980 was administered through both catheters for more than two months, but later substituted by @entity2380 because of @entity8 . On September 10, allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from the @entity1 's HLA-identical brother was performed, despite persistence of the abnormal CT findings. Acute grade III GVHD developed, but there was no evidence of reactivation of the @entity5572 . This case demonstrates that a prior fungal @entity5572 is not an absolute contraindication for BMT if prophylactic antifungal drugs are administered and careful observation is conducted.

title: [Successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation following fungal liver abscess treatment in a @entity1 with XXXX in blastic crisis].

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess', 'liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid blast']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hypochondrial pain']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Rotation of unstimulated @entity2829 ( @entity2829 .) seedlings on a horizontal clinostat is accompanied by a strong bending response of the coleoptiles towards the caryopsis, yielding curvatures exceding 100 degrees. The corresponding azimuthal distribution shows two peaks, each of which is displayed by 30 degrees from the symmetry axis connecting the shortest coleoptile and caryopsis cross sections. It is argued that this spatial pattern is not the result of two independent bending preferences, but caused by a one-peaked distribution encountering an obstacle in its central part and thus being split into the two subpeaks. The existence of one preferential direction justifies considering this response to be a nastic movement. Its time course consists of an early negative phase (coleoptiles bend away from the caryopsis) followed 2 h later by a long-lasting positive bending towards the caryopsis. In light-interaction experiments, fluence-response curves for different angles between blue light and the direction of the nastic response were measured. These experiments indicate that blue light interacts with the nastic response at two levels: (i) phototonic inhibition, and (ii) addition of nastic and phototropic curvatures. It is concluded that phototropic and phototonic transduction bifurcate before the formation of phototropic transverse polarity. The additivity of nastic and phototropic responses was followed at the population level. At the level of the individual seedling, one observes, in the case of phototropic induction opposing nastic movement, three distinct responses: either strong phototropism, or @entity5663 , or an "avoidance" response which involves strong curvature perpendicular to the stimulation plane. With time the @entity5663 becomes increasingly stable against opposing phototropic stimulation. This can be seen from a growing proportion of seedlings exhibiting @entity5663 when light is applied at variable intervals after the onset of @entity717 . At the transition from instability to stability, this type of experiment produces a high percentage of seedlings displaying the "avoidance" response. However, no cancelling resulting in zero curvature can be observed. It is concluded that the endogenous polarity underlying the nastic response is different in its very nature from the blue-light-elicited stable transverse polarity described earlier (Nick and Schafer 1988b).

title: Nastic response of XXXX ( @entity2829 .) coleoptiles during @entity717 .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['clinostat rotation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['nastic bending']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['maize']


abstract: Cytochrome P450 4F isoforms have been shown to metabolize @entity1426 to generate @entity15759 ( @entity15759 ), a potent eicosanoid that modulates vascular tone and renal tubular function. @entity15759 production in the kidney is implicated in the development of essential @entity101 in the spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). In this study, we determined CYP4F mRNA localization and distribution in @entity35 liver and kidney by in situ hybridization and real time quantitative PCR. CYP4Fs are regionally distributed in the kidney with @entity56352 , 4F4, and 4F5 being expressed more in the renal cortex than medulla while @entity56353 shows higher medullary expression. We investigated developmental CYP4F gene expression in three different substrains of SHR. Distinct age-dependent patterns of expression were seen for individual CYP4F isoforms in @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) and three SHR substrains (B2, C, and A3). A steady increase in @entity56352 expression with age was seen in each of the three substrains which correlate well with increased @entity15759 levels and elevated blood pressure seen in these animals. @entity56354 expression increased significantly at 8 weeks followed by a precipitous fall in WKY and A3 strains at 12 weeks of age. In strains B2 and C, @entity56354 levels started declining as early as 8 weeks of age. @entity56355 and 4F6 levels fluctuated with age in a biphasic manner with a different profile for each sub-strain. Based on the expression profile and catalytic activity, @entity56352 seems to be the most critical 4F isoform involved in the production of @entity15759 in the SHR kidney.

title: Renal localization, expression, and developmental regulation of P450 4F cytochromes in three substrains of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity15759 :: ('MESH:C055987', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '20-HETE']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were studied in @entity4837 on the day the highest @entity648 values were reached, 2-3 days later, and at five weeks. During the first week three groups were formed according to peak @entity648 values: A: greater than or equal to 250 mumol/l (n = 20), B: 125-250 mumol/l (n = 6), C: less than 125 mumol/l or no @entity1087 (n = 19). At five weeks 10 @entity1 of group A were reinvestigated, together with 17 controls. Cervical (N13) and scalp SEPs (N19) were recorded with a variable number of stimuli. The SEPs of group B and C did not differ from each other. In group A the N13 peak latencies were within the range of group C at the first investigation, but prolonged at the second and third. The cortical components were prolonged at the first investigation, improved but still prolonged at the second, while the N19 peak latency was still prolonged at the third investigation. The central conduction time (CCT) correlated positively with the @entity648 level. Since a rapid decrease in the N19 amplitude was found for all groups from 25 to 100 stimuli, recordings should be done with a low number of stimuli (less than 100). Our findings indicate that both the periferal and the central components of the SEPs in the neonatal period are delayed by @entity1087 and that full recovery is not obtained at five weeks. The non-invasive SEP technique can be used as a daily monitor of the effect of @entity648 on the CNS.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4837 :: ('MESH:D007567', 'Disease') :: ['jaundiced and normal neonates']

answer: @entity4837 :: (MESH:D007567,Disease) :: ['neonatal jaundice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy, with or without radiotherapy, results in a 30%-40% complete response rate in @entity151 ( @entity151 ), but approximately 90% of @entity1 who have complete remission die within 2 years after relapse with @entity66 . Randomized clinical studies of maintenance chemotherapy after complete response have failed to demonstrate survival advantage. However, studies have shown that the @entity1 cytokine @entity379 ) induces immune response in @entity1 , including T-cell activation and expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (HLA-DR) and receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin on monocytes. It has also been demonstrated that recombinant @entity379 ( @entity3692 ) induces immunomodulation and has antiproliferative activity. PURPOSE: In vivo effects of @entity3692 treatment were characterized by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in @entity1 with @entity151 who received @entity3692 as maintenance treatment. METHODS: After induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 100 @entity1 who achieved a complete remission were randomly assigned to receive @entity3692 at a dose of 0.2 mg (4 x 10(6) units) once a day, subcutaneously, for 6 months, or observation only. In 31 @entity1 , peripheral mononuclear cells were obtained prior to the study and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 for serial monitoring of immune response. By flow cytometric analysis, we identified the lymphocyte and monocyte populations using characteristic differences in electronic volume and right-angle scatter. In these populations, we determined the mean fluorescence channel after staining for @entity5750 (antigen expressed on monocytes), CD3 (antigen expressed on T lymphocytes), and HLA-DR (HLA class II expressed by monocytes and activated lymphocytes). To determine the number of Fc receptors per cell, an Fc receptor assay was performed using the monocyte cell line U937 as a standard. RESULTS: At weeks 4, 8, and 12, expression of HLA-DR and Fc receptors on monocytes in @entity1 who received @entity3692 was significantly higher than that in untreated @entity1 , and the difference was statistically significant. The number of Fc receptors per monocyte consistently increased during the @entity3692 treatment and reached a fivefold elevation at week 12. There was no statistically significant difference in lymphocyte surface antigen expression between the treated and untreated groups. CONCLUSION: The dose of @entity3692 used in this study resulted in immune stimulation in @entity1 with @entity151 who had complete remission after induction therapy. The in vivo immunomodulatory activity of @entity3692 in such @entity1 is characterized by a strong monocyte activation but no significant alteration in T-cell activation.

title: Immune response induced in XXXX by maintenance therapy with @entity379 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['chemoresistant disease']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Two operons, comAB and comCDE, play a key role in the co-ordination of spontaneous competence development in cultures of @entity328 . ComAB is required for export of the comC-encoded competence-stimulating peptide (CSP). Upon CSP binding, the @entity3793 kinase ComD activates ComE, its cognate response regulator, required for autoinduction of comCDE and for induction of the late competence genes. To understand better the early control of competence development, mutants upregulating comCDE (ComCDEUP) were isolated using a comC-lacZ transcriptional fusion. Mutants were generated by polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis of the comCDE region and by in vitro transposon mutagenesis of the chromosome. Both types of ComCDEUP mutants exhibited similar phenotypes. They differed from wild type in displaying trypsin-resistant transformation, competence under acid growth conditions and expression of comCDE under microaerobiosis; increased production of CSP in the mutants could account for the various phenotypes. The ComCDEUP transposon mutations included four independent insertions in the ciaR gene, which encodes the response regulator of a two-component system previously found to affect competence, and two immediately upstream of the comAB operon. The latter two resulted in comAB overexpression, indicating that CSP export is rate limiting. Among comDE point mutations, a single @entity535 change in ComD ( @entity55925 ) conferred constitutive, CSP-independent competence and resulted in comAB overexpression, providing support for the hypothesis that ComE regulates comAB; a ComE mutant ( @entity55926 ) exhibited altered kinetics of competence shut-off. Collectively, these data indicate that pheromone autoinduction, cross-regulation of the comAB and comCDE operons and, possibly, competence shut-off contribute to the early control of competence development in @entity2260 . They argue for a metabolic control of competence, mediated directly or indirectly by CiaR, and they suggest that both comAB and comCDE are potential targets for regulation.

title: Cross-regulation of competence pheromone production and export in the early control of transformation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: Due to its prevalence, @entity28 is now considered a global epidemic. It is linked to increased risk of @entity14 , the third most common @entity5 and the second leading cause of @entity204 among adults in Western countries. Obese adipose tissue differs from lean adipose tissue in its immunogenic profile, body fat distribution and metabolic profile. Obese adipose tissue releases free @entity1718 , adipokines and many pro-inflammatory chemokines. These factors are known to play a key role in regulating malignant transformation and @entity5 progression. Obese adipose tissue is infiltrated by macrophages that participate in inflammatory pathways activated within the tissue. Adipose tissue macrophages consist of two different phenotypes. M1 macrophages reside in @entity28 adipose tissue and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, and M2 macrophages reside in lean adipose tissue and produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as @entity688 ( @entity688 ). The metabolic networks that confer @entity5 cells with their oncogenic properties, such as increased proliferation and the ability to avoid apoptosis are still not well understood. We review the interactions between adipocytes and immune cells that may alter the metabolism towards promotion of @entity14 .

title: Mechanisms linking XXXX , inflammation and altered metabolism to colon carcinogenesis.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Surgical treatments for curatively unresectable @entity356 include reduction surgery and palliative surgery(palliative gastrectomy and bypass operation). Both palliative gastrectomy and reduction surgery reduce the @entity5 volume. In this study, the clinical significance of these treatment methods was investigated. The subjects were 58 @entity1 with unresectable @entity356 for which surgery was performed as the primary treatment. Of these @entity1 , 38 @entity1 underwent reduction surgery and 20 @entity1 underwent palliative surgery. On univariate analysis, age and gender were not significant. Pre-operative performance status(PS) in @entity1 treated with reduction surgery was favorable compared to that in @entity1 receiving palliative surgery(PS 0: 65.8 vs 40.0%, p=0.06). The administration rate of post-operative chemotherapy in @entity1 treated with reduction surgery was higher than that in @entity1 with palliative surgery (92.1 vs 65.0%, p<0.01). The median survival time in @entity1 treated with reduction surgery was 18.2 months, while that in @entity1 with palliative surgery was 11.0 months (p<0.01). These results indicated that reduction surgery was clinically different compared to palliative surgery in terms of the administration rate of post-operative chemotherapy and prognosis.

title: [Clinical differences between palliative gastrectomy and reduction surgery for gastrectomy in curatively unresectable XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: @entity20345 is a major component of the insecticide, @entity1303 . It is a health hazard but is still in use in some countries of Southeast Asia. To elucidate the @entity137 of heptachlor its effects on @entity19 after oral and intraperitoneal administration were studied. A 3-day group, 92-day group and 180-day group were given heptachlor intraperitoneally, orally and ad libitum, respectively. Results showed increased levels of serum @entity493 aminotransferase and decreased levels of serum cholinesterase activity. Serum @entity908 phosphokinase levels increased significantly. These may be due to the disruption of muscle membrane by @entity1303 . Results also showed significant variations of serum lipid levels from control as @entity20345 has a known effect on lipid metabolism. Also the lipid @entity2625 levels expressed as TBA values were increased significantly, showing heptachlor's role in causing @entity99 . These results suggest that the deterioration of membranes due to lipid peroxidation leads to liver and @entity121 caused by heptachlor.

title: Hepatic and @entity121 in XXXX treated with heptachlor.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injuries']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1303 :: ('MESH:D002706', 'Chemical') :: ['chlordane']

entities_list: @entity2625 :: ('CHEBI:44785', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity20345 :: ('MESH:D006533', 'Chemical') :: ['Heptachlor', 'heptachlor']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were isolated from freshly drawn venous blood by Dextran sedimentation and discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation. The effects of several putative triggers of the @entity4352 formation such as @entity2242 , PAF, @entity5038 , @entity4417 , @entity4515 , LTC4, LTD4, LTB4 or @entity3899 were studied by RP-HPLC analysis. 280 nM @entity2242 , 100 nM @entity5038 , 1 microM PAF or 20 microM @entity3899 induced a marginal formation of 1.5-18 ng of LTB4 plus LTB4 metabolites/2 x 10(7) PMN. 560 nM @entity4417 , 100 nM @entity4515 , 1 microM LTC4, 1 microM LTD4 and 1 microM LTB4 each failed to induce any formation of @entity1437 products. Pretreatment of the cells with 40 microM @entity53313 ( @entity13084 ) enhanced the @entity4352 formation by 100 nM @entity5038 about 40-fold, by 280 nM @entity4417 about 120-fold and by 1 microM PAF about 14-fold. @entity13084 itself induced no @entity4352 formation from @entity1 PMN and reduced the @entity4352 formation by 20 microM @entity3899 . The @entity5038 / @entity13084 -induced activation of the PMN was concentration-dependent in respect to both @entity5038 and @entity13084 . 1 microM LTC4, 1 microM LTD4 or 1 microM LTB4 also failed to trigger any LTB4 formation of @entity13084 -treated PMN. 560 nM @entity4417 or 100 nM @entity4515 in combination with 40 microM @entity13084 induced a slight formation of 28 ng and 10 ng of LTB4 plus LTB4 metabolites, respectively. The @entity5038 / @entity13084 -induced @entity4352 formation was modulated by @entity2918 . @entity1421 , PGE1, @entity8172 and @entity14277 each evoked a concentration-dependent inhibition of the @entity4352 formation with IC50 values of 0.07 microM, 0.18 microM, 0.27 microM and 6 microM respectively. In addition, significant inhibitory effects by PGI2, Iloprost (a @entity53314 analogue of @entity4770 ), PGF2a or @entity33449 were achieved; the corresponding IC50 values, however, amounted to 19-59 microM. Thus these compounds were about 500-fold less potent in comparison with @entity1421 in inhibiting LTB4 formation by @entity1 PMN.

title: XXXX formation by @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes from endogenous @entity3899 . Physiological triggers and modulation by prostanoids.

entities_list: @entity13084 :: ('MESH:D013849', 'Chemical') :: ['Merthiolate', 'merthiolate']

entities_list: @entity53314 :: ('MESH:C026678', 'Chemical') :: ['carbacyclin']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity4352 :: ('CHEBI:25029', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity53313 :: ('CHEBI:33215', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmercurithiosalicylate']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

answer: @entity4352 :: (CHEBI:25029,Chemical) :: ['Leukotriene']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate changes in the epidemiology and clinical profile of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 in a community health area over 12 years. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of epidemiological characteristics and clinical profile of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 in a health area composed of a population of 353.619 inhabitants from January 1999 to December 2010. Descriptive statistical and multivariate analysis, Fisher exact test and Chi-Square were utilized. p<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: 349 diagnoses of renal mass were reported; 165 of them were @entity1358 . Median age was 70.41 years, and the Female/Male rate was 28% and 72%, respectively. 4% @entity1 and 30% @entity1 smoked >= 20 cigarettes/day, more frequently during the period 1999-2001. 52% @entity1 and 30% @entity1 had @entity101 . @entity811 was the most frequent symptom (23%), more frequent in the period 2007-2010, followed by @entity490 (16%) and renal colic(13%). Weight loss (12%) was more frequent between 1999-2000. Asthenia appeared as the first symptom in 8% of cases. The @entity5 was incidentally diagnosed in 20% of cases, more frequently in the period between 2007-2010. Diagnosis was established in the Urology Department in 36% of the cases. Stages T1-2 N0 were more frequent between 2007-2010, and M1 between 1999-2000. G3 was more frequent in the entire series. The relative @entity5 specific mortality of @entity1 who were surgically treated was less in the last 2 years of the period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1358 is the most frequent @entity703 and its incidence is increasing in our environment. It affects more frequently males than females, and at an earlier age. The last few years are showing a decrease in the habitual smoker males and an increase in HTN in females. A tendency has been detected to the early stage clinical diagnosis but with a higher histopathological grade. It is most frequent diagnosed by a non-Urology speciality.

title: Clinical profile and epidemiological changes of XXXX during 12 years in our health area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear renal cell carcinoma', 'renal clear cell carcinoma', 'Clear renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['clear cell renal carcinoma']


abstract: Recent theoretical and experimental work indicates a close connection between @entity148 and @entity10963 . Cognitive processes that lead to the persistence of @entity148 may have a similar role in persecutory fears. One factor identified as important in @entity148 are intrusive mental images. These negative images are common in @entity148 , and associated with symptom persistence. The aim of the current study was to examine intrusive mental images in individuals with persecutory delusions. The prevalence and characteristics of self-reported @entity10963 -related intrusive images, and relationships between image ratings and clinical symptoms were examined in 40 @entity1 with persecutory delusions. It was found that 73% (n  =  29) of @entity1 reported @entity10963 -related, recurrent intrusive images (e.g. being attacked with a knife). The degree to which the images provoked @entity148 was associated both with greater general @entity148 and with more distressing persecutory delusions. It is concluded that intrusive images may be relatively common in @entity1 with persecutory delusions and may contribute to the distress of @entity10963 experiences. Re-scripting such images and their associated memories might be a way of developing cognitive behavioural therapy for @entity716 .

title: Intrusive mental imagery in XXXX with persecutory delusions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10963 :: ('MESH:D010259', 'Disease') :: ['paranoid', 'paranoia']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To search for @entity161 susceptibility loci, we carried out a case-control study using 28601 microsatellite markers distributed across the entire genome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To control the highly multiple testing, we designed three sequential steps of screening using three independent sets of pooled samples, followed by the confirmatory step using an independent sample set (>2200 case-control pairs). RESULTS: The first screening using pooled samples of 157 case-control pairs showed 2966 markers to be significantly associated with the disorder (P<0.05). After the second and the third screening steps using pooled samples of 150 pairs each, 374 markers remained significantly associated with the disorder. We individually genotyped all screening samples using a total of 1536 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the vicinity of ~200 kb from the 59 positive microsatellite markers. Of the 167 SNPs that replicated the significance, we selected 31 SNPs on the basis of the levels of P values for the confirmatory association test using an independent-sample set. The best association signal was observed in @entity52356 , located in the upstream region of @entity52357 . We genotyped six additional SNPs in the vicinity of @entity52356 . Significant associations were observed in @entity52356 , @entity52358 , and @entity52359 in the cumulative samples (2617 cases and 2698 controls) (P=0.005, 0.035, and 0.011, respectively). These SNPs are located in the linkage disequilibrium block of 20 kb in size containing @entity52357 , @entity10078 , and @entity52360 genes. CONCLUSION: Genome-wide association study using microsatellite markers suggested @entity52357 , @entity10078 , and @entity52360 genes as candidates for @entity161 susceptibility in the Japanese population.

title: Genome-wide association study of XXXX using microsatellite markers in the Japanese population.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of @entity2622 in situ ( @entity2735 ) and its management on subsequent pregnancy outcome. METHODS: We used a population-based retrospective cohort design that included record linkage between @entity5 data and birth records. The Cancer Surveillance System records of @entity1 with @entity2735 (n = 1851, 312 diagnosed during pregnancy) diagnosed between 1984 and 1992, were linked to birth certificates of their first subsequent deliveries after @entity2735 diagnosis. The comparison group (n = 9201) was a random sample of @entity1 without @entity2735 who gave birth during the same years. The outcome measures were preterm and low birth weight @entity1 subsequent to @entity2735 diagnosis and treatment. Treatments included no therapy, dilation and curettage or endocervical curettage, cryosurgery or laser vaporization, and conization. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2735 who were not treated with conization had a small increased risk of @entity3152 (odds ratio [OR] 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 2.0) and no increased risk of low birth weight @entity1 (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7, 1.6), compared with @entity1 without @entity2735 , after adjusting for maternal smoking, race, parity, marital status, and history of induced pregnancy termination. @entity1 with @entity2735 who had conization were more likely to deliver premature @entity1 (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2, 2.0) than @entity1 without @entity2735 , after adjusting for the same confounding factors. The apparently increased risk of low birth weight (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4, 2.4) seemed to be a reflection of @entity3465 . CONCLUSION: The risk of prematurity increased after conization for @entity2735 and did not increase when @entity1 with @entity2735 had other procedures.

title: Effect of XXXX in situ and its management on pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature delivery']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between selected @entity131 and @entity1 characteristics and subsequent return to work 1 to 5 years postinjury. DESIGN: Longitudinal design with prospectively collected data. Data were collected on @entity1 at the time of injury and each year postinjury for up to 5 years. SETTING: Four medical centers in the federally sponsored @entity131 Model Systems project that provide emergency medical services, intensive and acute medical care, inpatient rehabilitation, and a spectrum of community rehabilitation services. @entity1 : @entity1 were selected from a national database of 538 rehabilitation inpatients admitted to acute care within 8 hours of @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and seen at 1 to 5 years follow-up. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Employment status (employed vs not employed) at 1 to 5 years postinjury. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the extent to which selected variables predicted employment status at years 1 to 5 postinjury. RESULTS: At year 1 postinjury, preinjury productivity, age, education, and rehabilitation length of stay were all significantly associated with postinjury employment. Preinjury employment and productivity and age significantly predicted employment at postinjury year 2. At year 3 postinjury, preinjury productivity, age, and FIMtrade mark instrument discharge score significantly predicted employment status. Age was significantly associated with employment status at year 4 postinjury. Preinjury employment and productivity and Disability Rating Scale discharge score were found to be significant predictors of postinjury employment at year 5 follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between certain @entity131 and @entity1 variables (eg, age, preinjury productivity, education, discharge FIM) and subsequent return to work may provide rehabilitation professionals with useful information regarding the intensity and types of services needed for individuals in the vocational rehabilitation planning process.

title: Acute predictors of return to employment after XXXX : a longitudinal follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic Brain Injury', 'acute injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Effects of four and six weeks of immobilization at short length of gastrocnemius muscle on its architecture at optimum muscle length and length-force characteristics were studied. In general, immobilization effects were similar after 4 and 6 weeks. Smaller physiological cross-sectional area and lower muscle force were found as a consequence of immobilization. Muscle and aponeurosis were shorter. This was shown to be quantitatively related to @entity194 i.e. smaller fibre diameter. Despite this @entity194 no effects of immobilization on fibre and aponeurosis angles could be shown. Adaptation of the number of sarcomeres in series was found exclusively in distal fibres after 4 weeks of immobilization. No significant effects were found for proximal fibres of muscles at this time nor for any fibres after 6 weeks of immobilization. The effects of immobilization on muscle architecture did not affect the length range of active force exertion. It is concluded that muscle length adaptation as a consequence of short length immobilization is not related to adaptation of number of sarcomeres in series but to the occurrence of @entity194 . It is also concluded that @entity194 of pennate muscles does not have to be accompanied by a lower fibre and aponeurosis angle. Comparison of immobilized and control group @entity35 indicates that the effects of immobilization can be characterized as a combination of retarded development of several variables and the influence of @entity194 and its consequences.

title: Effects of short length immobilization of medial gastrocnemius muscle of growing young adult XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By inhibiting DNA repair, @entity19859 ( @entity16973 ) may augment @entity786 (CY)-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. We performed a Phase I study for refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) leukemia in @entity1 to determine maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of time-sequential @entity16973 followed by CY. PROCEDURE: Thirteen @entity1 with (R/R) @entity981 (n   =   8) and @entity3052 (N   =   5), median age 9 years (range: 2-12 years), were treated with escalating doses of @entity16973 on days 1, 2, 3 and 8, 9, 10 and CY 200   mg/m(2) /day on days 0 and 1 then 400   mg/m(2) /day on days 2, 3, 8, 9, and 10. Ten @entity1 were treated at dose level 1 (DL1) ( @entity16973 20   mg/m(2) /day) and three @entity1 at DL2 ( @entity16973 30   mg/m(2) /day). The average number of prior chemotherapies was 8.9. DNA damage testing was performed before treatment on day 0, and 2   hours after CY on day 0, before sequential @entity16973 , CY treatment on day 1, and 2   hours after @entity16973 followed by CY on day 1. RESULTS: Two @entity1 at DL2 had dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) that included @entity551 with @entity177 (1). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 2/11 (18.2%) and partial remission (PR) in 2/11 (18.2%) for an overall response (OR) of 36.4%. The use of @entity16973 before CY augmented CY-induced DNA damage in @entity1778 compared to CY alone. CONCLUSION: In pediatric @entity1 with @entity1778 , 20   mg/m(2) /day is the MTD for @entity16973 in timed sequential combination with CY. Increased DNA damage with the use of this combination suggests a mechanism for the sequential timing of these two chemotherapeutic agents.

title: Phase I dose-escalation trial of @entity19859 followed by escalating doses of fractionated XXXX in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory acute @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-respiratory failure (1) and hepato-renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts', 'R/R leukemia']

entities_list: @entity19859 :: ('MESH:C068329', 'Chemical') :: ['clofarabine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate clinico-pathologic categorisation of @entity1 with @entity978 , treatments offered and their appropriateness, and outcome of this disease at Kenyatta National Hospital in the 1990s. DESIGN: Retrospective survey of @entity978 @entity1 aged 13 years and above at the Kenyatta National Hospital. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. SUBJECTS: @entity1 aged 13 years and above, with diagnosis of @entity978 . RESULTS: There were 75 males and 36 females. One case had no clear gender details. 14.2% of the cases were of lymphocyte predominant histologic subtype, 23.6% @entity4383 , 26.4% mixed cellularity and 17% Lymphocyte depletion (Rye Modification of Lukes and Butler Classification). Disease stages IIIB, @entity3480 and IVB (Ann Arbor) were found in 24.5% of the cases. The majority of the @entity1 (60.3%) were treated with the COPP protocol and 17% with ABVD. Complete remission was realised in 56% of the cases and most cases were lost to follow-up, making it difficult to correlate survival with known prognostic parameters, apart from early stage disease and attainment of complete remission which correlated with prolonged durations of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 had earlier stage diseases than in earlier studies locally, the histologic classification is still wanting, and the COPP protocol appeared still popular instead of being abandoned. Response rates were lower than expected and losses to follow-up made it difficult to properly evaluate prognostic parameters. Early disease stage and attainment of complete remission appeared to correlate with longer follow-up duration.

title: XXXX in the 1990s: a Kenyatta National Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular sclerosis']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: Among the nine Echinacea species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, have been widely used to treat the common cold, @entity281 . In this study, @entity1068 extracts of these three Echinacea species and E. paradoxa, including its typical variety, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, were screened in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells to assess potential anti-inflammatory activity. E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, rich in @entity12365 / @entity51688 , was an especially efficient inhibitor of LPS-induced production of @entity842 (NO), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity635 ( @entity635 ) and @entity777 ( @entity777 ) by 46%, 32%, 53% and 26%, respectively, when tested at 20  g/ml in comparison to @entity3733 control. By bioactivity-guided fractionation, @entity51689 (Bauer @entity6178 23) and @entity51690 (Bauer @entity6178 24) from E. paradoxa var. paradoxa were found primarily responsible for inhibitory effects on NO and @entity1421 production. Moreover, Bauer @entity6178 24 was the major contributor to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced @entity19 macrophage cells. These results provide a rationale for exploring the medicinal effects of the Bauer @entity6178 -rich taxon, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, and confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of Bauer @entity16623 23 and 24.

title: Bauer @entity16623 23 and 24 from Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity842 , @entity1421 and cytokines in RAW264.7 XXXX macrophages.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity51688 :: ('MESH:D053279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacetylenes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['flu and other infections']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The @entity238 eggshell is an elaborate structure that is derived from a monolayer of follicular epithelium surrounding the developing oocyte within the female ovary. The @entity11453 ( @entity11453 ) signaling pathway is essential for controlling the patterning and morphogenesis of the eggshell. During oogenesis, the roles of patterning and morphogenesis by the @entity42284 have been studied extensively. However, signaling through this pathway requires both type I and II receptors, and the latter has yet to be established in oogenesis. We focus on wishful thinking (wit), the @entity238 homolog to the @entity1 @entity3823 , @entity3823 . We found that wit is expressed dynamically in the FCs of @entity238 in an evolutionary conserved pattern. The expression patterns are highly correlated with the dynamics of the @entity11453 signaling, which is consistent with our finding that wit is a target of @entity11453 signaling. Furthermore, we established that WIT is necessary for @entity11453 signaling, and loss of WIT is associated with cell autonomous loss of @entity11453 responses. Of importance, we demonstrated that perturbations in WIT led to changes in eggshell morphologies in domains that are patterned by @entity11453 signaling. Previous studies have shown a role for WIT in @entity11453 signaling during neurogenesis; however, our results reveal a role for WIT in epithelial cells' development.

title: The @entity238 XXXX , wishful thinking, is required for eggshell patterning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity42284 :: ('33753(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP type I receptor thickveins (tkv)']

entities_list: @entity3823 :: ('659', 'Gene') :: ['BMPRII', 'BMP type II receptor']

entities_list: @entity11453 :: ('33432(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP', 'bone morphogenetic protein']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity3823 :: (659,Gene) :: ['BMPRII']


abstract: One strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in @entity5 is to inhibit the @entity1262 glycoprotein (relative molecular mass, 170,000) that functions as a plasma membrane, energy-dependent, drug-efflux pump. The @entity1 @entity694 cell line HT-29, which grows as an @entity5 in athymic NCr-nu/nu @entity19 , was made multidrug resistant by infection with an @entity21651 (also known as @entity21651 ) retrovirus. Referred to as HT-29mdr1, it was used to study reversal of drug resistance in vivo by the anti- @entity1262 monoclonal antibody @entity22757 -16. Flow cytometry and radioimmunoassay demonstrated a marked increase in @entity22757 -16 reactivity on HT-29mdr1 cells as compared with its reactivity on the parental, uninfected cell line (HT-29par). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of @entity1891 on HT-29par and HT-29mdr1 cells were 2.5 and 15 ng/mL, respectively. The @entity22757 -16 monoclonal antibody did not affect the @entity1891 sensitivity of the HT-29par cells. Pretreatment of HT-29mdr1 cells with 10 micrograms/mL @entity22757 -16 in tissue culture partially restored the @entity1891 sensitivity (IC50 = 7 ng/mL). This modulation of @entity1891 sensitivity by @entity22757 -16 was then tested in vivo. The median survival times of @entity19 given intraperitoneal transplants of 5 x 10(6) HT-29par or HT-29mdr1 were 37 and 39 days, respectively. Treatment of @entity19 with 1 mg/kg @entity1891 weekly for 3 weeks, beginning 10 days after @entity5 injection, resulted in a significant increase in the median survival time of the HT-29par @entity5 -bearing @entity19 (68 days, P less than .0001), but it had no effect on the HT-29mdr1 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . However, treatment of @entity19 bearing the HT-29mdr1 @entity5 with @entity22757 -16 before @entity1891 therapy reversed the resistance to the drug (median survival time = 64 days, P less than .0001). The @entity22757 -16 monoclonal antibody alone had no effect on the median survival time of @entity19 given an injection of either HT-29par or HT-29mdr1 cells. These results suggest that strategies employing monoclonal antibody against @entity1262 may be clinically useful to reverse multidrug resistance.

title: Reversal of drug resistance in a XXXX @entity694 xenograft expressing @entity1262 complementary DNA by in vivo administration of @entity22757 -16 monoclonal antibody.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ascitic tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Feeding antigen can induce an immunological unresponsiveness termed oral tolerance. The authors examined the effect of the oral administration of two antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) and cedar pollen extract (CPE) on experimental @entity56 in @entity840 quantitatively. After the primary active immunization with either OVA or CPE, @entity840 were given each antigen orally everyday. After five antigen injections, @entity2024 was elicited by the instillation of the antigen eye drops. The early phase of @entity56 was evaluated by measuring the leakage of Evans blue injected intravenously. The later inflammation was evaluated by the number of infiltrating leukocytes. Oral administration of both OVA and CPE significantly reduced conjunctival exudation. Cellular infiltration was also markedly diminished in the OVA-fed group. Serum levels of anti-OVA IgE and anti-CPE IgE antibodies were suppressed by feeding of each antigen, and there was a positive correlation between the IgE level and the amount of dye leakage. This result suggests that the @entity2024 was suppressed because of the inhibition of antigen-specific IgE production.

title: Suppression of experimental XXXX in @entity840 by oral administration of antigen.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']


abstract: AIM: To determine the role of @entity1082 ) in the pathogenesis of primary @entity957 (SCCVa), and to evaluate its clinicopathological significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: All cases of SCCVa diagnosed over a 15-year period from two hospitals in Barcelona, Spain (n=32) were retrieved. @entity1 with a history of @entity189 of the cervix diagnosed <5 years before were excluded. HPV was detected and typed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using SPF10 primers. Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity986 and @entity876 . HPV was detected in 25 cases (78.1%). @entity1799 was the most prevalent type. @entity1 with @entity5 were associated frequently with a history of @entity189 or @entity5436 or vulva diagnosed more than 5 years before (56% versus 0%; P=0.01). @entity5 were more frequently of non-keratinizing, basaloid or warty type than @entity5 (84% versus 14.3%; P<0.001), and showed diffuse positive immunoreactivity for @entity986 ( @entity986 ) (96%, versus 14.3%; P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of @entity986 to identify @entity5 were 96% and 85.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high number of SCCVs are related to @entity1083 and may be identified by immunohistochemistry for @entity986 . @entity5 tend to affect @entity1 with history of cervical @entity5 .

title: XXXX : @entity1082 detection, @entity986 ( @entity986 ) overexpression and clinicopathological correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-negative neoplasms', 'HPV-positive tumours', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess @entity146 morbidity in stable chronic @entity1576 and to examine the pattern of @entity146 in specific @entity1576 in Northern India. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 with stable chronic respiratory illnesses who attended the @entity1576 clinic were recruited in the study. Their healthy attendants were interviewed as a control group. The research clinician, trained in the use of the Global Mental Health Assessment Tool, Primary Care Version (GMHAT/PC), interviewed all the @entity1 . The respiratory consultant made the @entity1576 diagnosis. The data were analyzed comparing the @entity1 and the control group by using relative risk and adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS: Of 391 @entity1 with @entity1576 , 44.8% had a @entity1032 identified by GMHAT/PC interview compared with 24.3% of 177 attendants (controls). @entity148 (20.6%), @entity308 (13.2%) and @entity3119 (4.6%) were the most frequently identified @entity146 in the @entity1576 group. @entity1030 and @entity565 when combined with @entity2490 had a significantly higher prevalence of comorbid @entity1032 than those illnesses alone. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 have high mental health comorbidity. Physicians and practitioners can be trained to identify @entity1032 using computer-assisted tools such as GMHAT/PC (which is easy to use by clinicians and well accepted by @entity1 ). A holistic approach of providing care to such @entity1 may improve their overall outcome and quality of life.

title: Psychiatric morbidity in chronic XXXX in an Indian service using GMHAT/PC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'mental disorders', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders', 'respiratory illness', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive compulsive disorders']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disorders']


abstract: @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) is predominantly a disease of the elderly but such @entity1 are not always appropriate candidates for intensive intravenous (i.v.) based treatment regimens. The development of the anthracycline @entity8779 which is highly effective in the treatment of @entity3052 and is active when given orally has made it possible to design anti-leukaemic regimens which may be given orally and be particularly useful in those elderly @entity1 with @entity3052 considered unsuitable for standard intensive aggressive treatments. We have assessed an oral regimen combining @entity8779 30 mg/m2 and @entity2879 80 mg/m2 for 3 consecutive days as initial treatment in 28 elderly @entity1 with @entity3052 (median age 69 years, range 56-81) who were not considered suitable for more intensive i.v. chemotherapy schedules. Following informed consent, two @entity1 died before treatment began and one @entity1 withdrew prior to treatment. Twenty-five @entity1 underwent one to four courses of treatment. The schedule was well tolerated with minor nonhaematological @entity137 . The first course was given in hospital, eight of 21 subsequent courses of treatment were given entirely as an out- @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 responded to treatment with nine (36%) achieving complete remission (CR). The median survival for all @entity1 was 3 months, but for the nine who achieved a CR it is 9 months with six @entity1 still alive, five in first CR and one in second CR. We conclude that a combination of @entity8779 and @entity2879 given orally as first-line treatment in elderly @entity1 with @entity3052 is safe and effective. In some @entity1 this means treatment and follow-up can be given entirely on an out- @entity1 basis.

title: The use of an all oral chemotherapy ( @entity8779 and XXXX ) in the treatment of @entity3052 in the elderly: a report of @entity137 and efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this methodological study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of a Turkish adaptation of the short form of the @entity3577 /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12) used in assessing sexuality function in @entity1 with POP/UI. METHODS: The PISQ-12 was translated into Turkish; the adaptation of the PISQ-12 to Turkish language was performed via back-translation, the content validity of the questionnaire was conducted by experts in the field, test-retest reliability was examined with 40 @entity1 with UI and/or POP. PISQ-12 was administered to 120 @entity1 with @entity3087 . The reliability and validity of the PISQ-12 were analyzed. Evaluation of the data was performed using Content Validity Index (CVI), Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, item total correlation, and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: CVI of the Turkish PISQ-12 was found 1.00 (% 100). Item-total correlations were between 0.42 and 0.68 (P   <   0.001). The PISQ-12 had an adequate and high internal consistency (Cronbach's a   =   0.74) as well as a high test-retest reliability (Pearson correlation coefficient, r   =   0.961; P   <   0.001). Factor analysis results revealed strong construct validity. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the PISQ-12 is a reliable, consistent and valid instrument to assess sexual function in @entity1 with @entity322 . It is also a comprehensive and easily applicable instrument which as a treatment outcome or research tool in clinical practices.

title: Turkish adaptation of the short form of the XXXX /Urinary Incontinence Sexual Function Questionnaire (PISQ-12): a validation and reliability study.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence and/or pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic Organ Prolapse']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dysfunction']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['Pelvic Organ Prolapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a high incidence of @entity32 and metaplasia at the gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) in asymptomatic volunteers. Additionally, the majority of @entity1 with GOJ @entity420 have no history of reflux symptoms. We report the effects of waist belt and increased waist circumference (WC) on the physiology of the GOJ in asymptomatic volunteers. DESIGN: 12 subjects with normal and 12 with increased WC, matched for age and gender were examined fasted and following a meal and with waist belts on and off. A magnet was clipped to the squamo-columnar junction (SCJ). Combined assembly of magnet-locator probe, 12-channel pH catheter and 36-channel manometer was passed. RESULTS: The waist belt and increased WC were each associated with proximal displacement of SCJ within the diaphragmatic hiatus (relative to upper border of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS), peak LOS pressure point and pressure inversion point, and @entity4552 (all p<0.05). The magnitude of proximal migration of SCJ during transient LOS relaxations was reduced by 1.6-2.6   cm with belt on versus off (p=0.01) and in @entity28 (p=0.04), consistent with its resting position being already proximally displaced. The waist belt, but not increased WC, was associated with increased LOS pressure (vs intragastric pressure) and movement of pH transition point closer to SCJ. At 5   cm above upper border LOS, the mean % time pH <4 was <4% in all studied groups. Acid exposure 0.5-1.5   cm above SCJ was increased, with versus without, belt (p=0.02) and was most marked in @entity28 subjects with belt. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in asymptomatic volunteers, waist belt and @entity1144 cause @entity357 and short-segment acid reflux. This provides a plausible explanation for the high incidence of @entity32 and metaplasia and occurrence of @entity5 at the GOJ in subjects without a history of reflux symptoms.

title: Waist belt and XXXX cause partial @entity357 and short-segment acid reflux in asymptomatic volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese versus non-obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['partial hiatus herniation']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1144 :: (MESH:D056128,Disease) :: ['central obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the role of serum @entity880 ( @entity24604 ) level in evaluation of prognosis of @entity697 ( @entity697 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical data from 168 @entity697 @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. The serum Lac level and the plasma @entity6453 concentrations at admission were collected, and the @entity4968 ( @entity4968 ) were calculated. The @entity1 were divided into <10, 10-50, >= 50 h mg L(-1) groups on the basis of @entity4968 . The correlation between Lac and @entity4968 was analyzed, as well as the role in evaluating prognosis. RESULTS: The higher the @entity4968 level, the higher the Lac level [2.00 (1.50, 2.83) mmol/L, 3.10 (1.73, 5.15) mmol/L, 8.95 (5.90, 13.10) mmol/L, all P<0.05]; Lac was correlated positively with @entity4968 (r=0.569, P<0.05). The higher the @entity4968 , the higher the mortality of @entity1 [17.4% (15/86), 61.5% (24/39), 97.7% (42/43), all P<0.05]. The survival days of @entity4968 >= 50 h mg L(-1) group was shorter than that in @entity4968 <10 h mg L(-1) group and 10-50 h mg L(-1) group [2.0 (1.0, 3.0) days vs. 9.0 (4.0, 11.0) days and 5.0 (3.0, 10.0) days, both P<0.05]. A negative correlation was found between Lac, @entity4968 and survival days in non-survivors (r1=-0.778, r2=-0.621, both P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed either Lac or @entity4968 was of prognostic significance [odds ratio (OR) of Lac: 1.758, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.278-2.417;OR of @entity4968 : 1.063,95%CI 1.025-1.103, both P=0.001]. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) of Lac, @entity4968 and prognosis were 0.885 and 0.897 respectively (both P<0.05), Lac>= 3.35 mmol/L was the best cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and accuracy for predicting the @entity204 were 74.07%, 90.80%, 88.24%, 79.00%, 8.056, 0.286 and 82.74% respectively; the evaluation value was closed to @entity4968 >= 13.83 h mg L(-1) (77.78%, 91.95%, 90.00%, 81.63%, 9.677, 0.242 and 85.12%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The change in serum Lac level has evaluation value of the severity and prognosis for @entity697 @entity1 , and Lac>= 3.35 mmol/L can be made as a simple and easy indicator for prognosis of @entity697 @entity1 .

title: [Prognostic significance of serum @entity880 in evaluation of XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute paraquat poisoning', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['severity index of paraquat poisoning', 'SIPP']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute paraquat poisoning']


abstract: 1. Endotoxaemia is associated with the expression of the inducible isoform of cyclo-oxygenase, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), and an overproduction of @entity1426 (AA) metabolites. The role of the AA metabolites generated by COX-2 in the @entity1457 and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin is unclear. @entity619 prevents the expression of COX-2 and exerts beneficial effects in animal models of shock. 2. Here we compare the effects of two inhibitors of COX-2 activity, namely @entity8228 (5 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=7) and @entity12698 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=9) with those of @entity619 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p., n=9) on the @entity1457 caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, @entity526 , 6 mg kg(-1), i.v., n=11) in the @entity35 . 3. Endotoxaemia for 6 h caused @entity551 , acute @entity8 , @entity99 , @entity660 and an increase in the plasma levels of @entity9077 (indicator of the induction of COX-2) and @entity3542 / @entity1507 (indicator of the induction of @entity1506 ). 4. Pretreatment of @entity35 with @entity619 attenuated the @entity551 , the @entity8 , the hepatocellular and @entity660 and the induction of COX-2 and @entity1506 caused by LPS. In contrast, inhibition of COX-2 activity with @entity12698 or @entity8228 neither attenuated the @entity1457 nor the @entity881 caused by endotoxin. 5. Thus, the prevention of the @entity1457 and the multiple organ injury/dysfunction caused by @entity619 in the @entity35 is not due to inhibition of the activity of COX-2. Our results suggest that an enhanced formation of @entity1813 by COX-2 does not contribute to the development of @entity66 in @entity35 with endotoxaemia.

title: Effects of inhibitors of the activity of cyclo-oxygenase-2 on the XXXX and multiple organ dysfunction caused by endotoxin: a comparison with @entity619 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury and/or dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure', 'circulatory failure and organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: A controlled clinical trial has been conducted on three doses of intravenous (I.V.) @entity868 alone and of I.V. @entity868 - @entity801 - @entity869 combined in wound @entity281 following appendicectomy for non-perforated @entity698 . Of the 205 @entity1 entered, 154 were evaluable. There were 118 males and 36 females (3.3:1), their mean age was 24 +/- 9.8 years, and mean Quetelet index was 23 +/- 5. The two groups were comparable in terms of seven potential risk factors: age, sex, Quetelet index, mean duration of operation, wound contamination, nasal carriage of @entity794 , and operating surgeon's rank. The over-all wound @entity281 rate was 10.4%. There were two delayed @entity281 in each treatment group. We found no difference between the two treatment groups in terms of wound @entity281 and delayed wound @entity281 . No adverse drug reaction was seen. We conclude that the two regimens are equally convenient, safe, effective, and reliable. But, @entity868 alone is the less expensive of the two.

title: Prophylaxis against post-appendicectomy wound infection. A controlled clinical trial of intravenous (i.v.) XXXX versus i.v. @entity868 - @entity869 - @entity801 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: Recent neuroimaging evidence has led to the proposal that freezing of gait in @entity191 is due to dysfunctional interactions between frontoparietal cortical regions and subcortical structures, such as the striatum. However, to date, no study has employed task-based functional connectivity analyses to explore this hypothesis. In this study, we used a data-driven multivariate approach to explore the impaired communication between distributed neuronal networks in 10 @entity1 with @entity191 and freezing of gait, and 10 matched @entity1 with no clinical history of freezing behaviour. @entity1 performed a virtual reality gait task on two separate occasions (once ON and once OFF their regular dopaminergic medication) while functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected. Group-level independent component analysis was used to extract the subject-specific time courses associated with five well-known neuronal networks: the motor network, the right- and left cognitive control networks, the ventral attention network and the basal ganglia network. We subsequently analysed both the activation and connectivity of these neuronal networks between the two groups with respect to dopaminergic state and cognitive load while performing the virtual reality gait task. During task performance, all @entity1 used the left cognitive control network and the ventral attention network and in addition, showed increased connectivity between the bilateral cognitive control networks. However, @entity1 with freezing demonstrated functional decoupling between the basal ganglia network and the cognitive control network in each hemisphere. This decoupling was also associated with paroxysmal motor arrests. These results support the hypothesis that freezing behaviour in @entity191 is because of impaired communication between complimentary yet competing neural networks.

title: Freezing of gait in XXXX is associated with functional decoupling between the cognitive control network and the basal ganglia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: A clinical study of 76 cases with @entity4 who underwent endolaryngeal microsurgery was carried out, and the postoperative results were evaluated. The @entity1 were classified into three types: Type I, II, and III according to the severity of the disease as determined by laryngeal appearance. Postoperative changes in subjective symptoms were assessed and sound spectrographic and perceptual evaluations of voices were carried out before and after surgery in 38 cases. The majority of the @entity1 were over 40 years of age for both sexes and most of the elderly @entity1 were female. In @entity164 @entity1 , the incidence was higher among females. All the @entity1 complained of hoarseness and nine cases of @entity1353 . Most of them had been chronically affected for over one year and showed a bilateral pathology. Smoking appeared to be the most dominant etiologic factor, while aging and a long history of @entity734 also seemed to be causative factors. Improvement in subjective symptoms was found in almost all the @entity1 treated with the squeezing technique proposed by the author's group. Improvement in voice quality was observed in acoustic evaluations. Among @entity164 females, it was often the case that the voice fundamental frequency was very low before surgery, while it increased markedly after surgery. In general, the voice after surgery showed less fluctuation in both pitch period and amplitude, as well as a smaller amount of noise components compared to that recorded before surgery. As measured by perceptual judgement, voice quality was found to be more improved in females than in males.

title: A clinical study of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Type III complained of dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ["Reinke's edema"]

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['vocal abuse']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Reinke's edema']