abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prevent @entity308 after the pterional craniotomy, this study was designed to examine the safety and aesthetic efficacy of the brushite @entity78 cement (CPC) in the repair and augmentation of @entity79 following the pterional craniotomy. METHODS: The brushite CPC was used for the repair of surgically induced @entity129 , with or without augmentation, in 17 cases of pterional approach between March, 2005 and December, 2006. The average follow-up month was 20 with range of 12-36 months. In the first 5 cases, @entity79 were repaired with only brushite CPC following the contour of the original bone. In the next 12 cases, @entity79 were augmented with the brushite CPC rather than original bone contour. For a stability monitoring of the implanted brushite CPC, post-implantation evaluations including serial X-ray, repeated physical examination for aesthetic efficacy, and three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) were taken 1 year after the implantation. RESULTS: The brushite CPC paste provided precise and easy contouring in restoration of the bony defect site. No adverse effects such as @entity32 were noticed during the follow-up periods from all @entity1 . 3D-CT was taken 1 year subsequent to implantation showed good preservation of the brushite CPC restoration material. In the cases of the augmentation group, aesthetic outcomes were superior compared to the simple repair group. CONCLUSION: The results of this clinical study indicate that the brushite CPC is a biocompatible alloplastic material, which is useful for prevention of @entity308 after pterional craniotomy. Additional study is required to determine the long-term stability and effectiveness of the brushite @entity78 cement for the replacement of bone.

title: Clinical experience of the brushite XXXX cement for the repair and augmentation of surgically induced @entity129 following the pterional craniotomy.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['infection or inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['temporal depression']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: Small @entity85 have been used to investigate the structure of @entity1 and @entity1707 gastric mucus and @entity1707 duodenal mucus. All three secretions had viscoelastic properties characteristic of water-insoluble, viscoelastic gels. Mucus will flow and anneal if damaged, due to the making and breaking of its elastic structure, the measured lifetime of which was 10-120 min. Mucus reconstituted by concentration of the purified glycoprotein ( @entity1707 gastric and duodenal mucus) had the same viscoelastic properties as the fresh mucus, giving evidence that the glycoprotein alone will reproduce the rheologic characteristics of the mucus. The structure of fresh mucus gel was unaffected by prolonged exposure to the following mucosal damaging agents: undiluted @entity1707 bile, 20 mM @entity7362 or 20 mM @entity18034 (all at pH 2, 6, and 8), @entity5828 at pH 1, 2 M @entity1219 , and @entity1068 less than 40% (vol/vol). Higher concentrations of @entity1068 greater than 40% (vol/vol), caused @entity2700 and denaturation of mucus. Proteolysis by pepsin and other enzymes resulted in solubilization of the mucus gel with a complete change in the properties from an "elastic" gel to those of a "viscous" liquid. A similar collapse of mucus gel structure was observed after reduction of @entity1520 bonds in 0.2 M @entity6514 , but only after incubation for at least 50 min. This study demonstrates the stability of mucus to several mucosal damaging agents. It is proposed in vivo that although adherent gastroduodenal mucus allows penetration of these agents to the underlying mucosa, it can remain in situ and continue to protect against acid (with @entity3157 ) and pepsin, thus minimizing @entity16 and maximizing repair.

title: Properties of gastric and duodenal mucus: effect of proteolysis, XXXX reduction, bile, acid, @entity1068 , and hypertonicity on mucus gel structure.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity18034 :: ('CHEBI:36273', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium glycocholate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation oscillatory rheologic measurements']

answer: @entity1520 :: (CHEBI:48343,Chemical) :: ['disulfide']


abstract: Many @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) report greater limitation for activities involving the upper extremities than the lower extremities. Exercise training has generally emphasized lower-extremity exercise. We designed and evaluated two simple, practical, and widely applicable @entity2045 programs in 45 @entity1 with @entity1030 participating concurrently in a comprehensive, multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: (1) gravity-resistance (GR) @entity2045 ; (2) modified @entity4094 ( @entity4094 ) @entity2045 ; or (3) no @entity2045 (control). @entity1 were evaluated before and after at least six weeks of uninterrupted training. Twenty-eight @entity1 completed the study. Compared to controls, both GR and @entity4094 @entity1 demonstrated improved performance on tests specific to the training performed (upper-extremity performance test, maximal level and endurance on isokinetic arm cycle). There were no significant changes on isotonic arm cycle, ventilatory muscle endurance, or simulated activities of daily-living tests. Ratings of perceived @entity1353 and fatigue decreased significantly in all groups for several tests. We conclude that specific @entity2045 may be beneficial in the rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity1030 and warrants further investigation.

title: Upper extremity exercise training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation', 'PNF']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper-extremity training']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1086 is the most common @entity5 of the biliary tract, while the clinical features of @entity189 remain unexplored. METHODOLOGY: Clinicopathological data of 8 cases of @entity189 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The sample included 5 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 , with a mean age of 66+/-10 years (range, 49-79 years). Clinical manifestations included @entity1087 (n=6) and/or @entity490 (n=6). Two of the @entity1 presented as acute @entity2679 . Preoperative work-ups included ultrasonography (n=8), computed tomography (n=7), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (n=6)/or magnetic resonance cholangiography (n=2). Meanwhile, the preoperative diagnoses included @entity1126 (n=3), common @entity96 (n=4), and @entity5990 with acute @entity2679 (n=1). Radical procedures, including cholecystectomy, resection of extrahepatic bile duct, and lymph node dissection, were performed in six @entity1 , while palliative cholecystectomy was performed in the remaining two. Notably, five of eight cases displayed @entity1600 along the hepaticoduodenal ligament. Median survival was 15 months (range, 6 to 26 months). Two cases with no @entity1600 were alive and disease free at 23 months and 26 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity189 is rare. @entity5 of the cystic duct should be suspected in @entity1 presenting with @entity1448 accompanied by distended nonfunctioning gallbladder without evidence of stone impaction in the cystic duct. The prognosis of @entity189 remains dismal. However, for those @entity1 in whom @entity5 are detected in early stage, curative radical resections possibly provide the chance of potential curable.

title: Clinicopathological analysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic duct neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasm', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['cystic duct carcinoma', 'Cystic duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['cystic duct neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cystic duct obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['cystic duct carcinoma']


abstract: There have been numerous reports of @entity738 developing in patients receiving anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor (TNF) therapy. Herein, we report a @entity1 who developed @entity370 6  months after discontinuation of etanercept. To date, all reported cases have occurred in @entity1 undergoing ongoing treatment with TNF blockers with resolution on its discontinuation. A 47-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in 2003. He was initially treated with @entity1499 and @entity288 . In 2005, adalimumab was added due to ongoing disease activity. However, he had persistent low-grade @entity603 of bilateral wrist joints and remained oral glucocorticoids dependent. In October 2008, adalimumab was switched to etanercept with marginal benefit; however, etanercept was continued until March 2009. Rituximab was discontinued due to an immediate @entity56 . In September 2009, he developed bilateral @entity3681 with @entity5406 . Further investigations (chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax) revealed new development of bilateral @entity3329 and interstitial nodular changes typical of @entity370 . His baseline therapy of @entity1499 was continued. His recent repeat chest X-ray and CT scan of thorax (March 2010) has shown significant spontaneous resolution of his mediastinal @entity3329 and pulmonary nodules. Apart from the initial brief course of NSAIDs, his @entity370 resolved spontaneously without requiring any further therapy. For his @entity309 , he has been recently commenced on abatacept and his baseline therapy of @entity1499 has been continued. It remains speculative as to whether the concurrence of @entity309 and @entity370 is purely serendipitous, or is related to an immunodysregulatory state attributable to TNF blockade.

title: Development of XXXX 6-month post discontinuation of etanercept: coincidence or real association?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy', 'hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle synovitis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['RA', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'seropositive rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: Focal @entity1545 is known to markedly induce the @entity1639 and jun families of immediate early genes (IEGs). This study employed in situ hybridization to examine the effects of focal @entity1545 , produced by the intracerebral injection of saline or @entity4326 on the expression of IEGs encoding @entity219 finger transcription factors. Thirty minutes after the injections, @entity5738 , @entity5282 , @entity19732 , and @entity19733 mRNAs were induced in dentate gyrus, hippocampal pyramidal cells, cerebral cortex, caudate-putamen and piriform cortex of the injured hemisphere. @entity18203 was induced in hippocampal pyramidal cells and dentate granule cells. After three hours the induction of @entity5738 , @entity5282 , @entity19732 and @entity18203 persisted in all brain regions except for the dentate granule cells. By six hours after injection mRNAs for most of the @entity219 finger genes had returned to control levels. However, the expression of @entity19733 3 and 6 h after the injection was identical to that observed at 30 min after the injection and it was the only gene the expression of which persisted 6 h following the injections. Twenty-four hours after the injection, the expression of all five IEGs returned to control levels. In general, no gross differences in the IEG induction were observed between the animals injected with saline and @entity4326 . Since these @entity219 finger genes were expressed in the same regions where @entity1639 and jun family members are induced by similar types of @entity1545 , it is suggested that these transcription factors may act in concert with @entity1639 /Jun family members.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Focal @entity1545 induces multiple immediate early genes encoding XXXX finger transcription factors.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity4326 :: ('MESH:D007051', 'Chemical') :: ['ibotenic acid']

answer: @entity219 :: (MESH:D015032,Chemical) :: ['zinc']


abstract: Bulimia is an eating disorder classified as a @entity146 according to DSM-IV. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate vocal and @entity9257 in @entity1 with @entity6426 compared to a control group. MATERIALS _ METHODS: Study control group. Twenty-two @entity1 were evaluated, with an age range of 18 to 34 years old. Eleven diagnosed with @entity6426 and 11 in the control group. Both groups underwent an otolaryngological, perception and acoustic evaluation. The statistic analysis was done through a chi-square test and a Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test, considering 5% as significance level. RESULTS: The bulimic group presented a higher prevalence of @entity9257 compared to the control group (p=0.000). The group with @entity6426 had higher GRBSI values (p=0.000) and A (p=0.022) of the GRBASI scale. The results of vocal acoustics analysis of the jitter, shimmer, PPQ and APQ were higher in the bulimic group (p=0.033). No statistical significance difference in the fundamental frequency and NHR were found between both groups. CONCLUSION: the bulimic @entity1 in this study presented more laryngeal, acoustics and perception evaluation disorders when compared to a control group.

title: Laryngeal and vocal analysis in bulimic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6426 :: ('MESH:D002032', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia', 'purging bulimia']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Protease activated receptors (PARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that are activated by an unique proteolytic mechanism. These receptors play crucial roles in hemostasis and @entity715 but also in @entity32 and vascular development. PARs have also been implicated in @entity5 progression, invasion and @entity3 . In this study, we investigated expression and signaling of @entity8781 in nonmalignant pleural mesothelial (Met-5A) and @entity3620 ( @entity1 ) cells. We found that the expression level of @entity8781 was markedly higher in @entity1 cells compared to @entity1 and @entity1 primary mesothelial cells. Other three @entity3620 cell lines, i.e. @entity916 , Ist-Mes2, and Mero-14, did not show any significant @entity8781 over-expression compared to @entity1 cell line. Thrombin and @entity8781 activating peptides enhanced @entity1 and @entity1 cell proliferation but in @entity1 cells higher thrombin concentrations were required to obtain the same proliferation increase. Similarly, thrombin caused extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation in both cell lines but @entity1 cells responded at higher agonist concentrations. We also determined that @entity8781 signaling through Gq and G12/13 proteins is severely altered in @entity1 cells compared to @entity1 cells. On the contrary, @entity8781 signaling through Gi proteins was persistently maintained in @entity1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated a reduction of cell surface @entity8781 expression in NCI-H28 and @entity3620 @entity916 cells. Thus, our results provide evidences for dysfunctional @entity8781 signaling in @entity1 cells together with reduced plasma membrane localization. The role of @entity8781 in mesothelioma progression is just emerging and our observations can promote further investigations focused on this G-protein coupled receptor.

title: Altered XXXX Expression and Signaling in a @entity3620 Cell Line, NCI-H28, with Homozygous Deletion of the b-Catenin Gene.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity8781 :: (2149,Gene) :: ['Protease-Activated Receptor-1']


abstract: Combination therapy is increasingly recommended for @entity1 with multiple @entity4977 , especially those at high risk for coronary events. We investigated the long-term safety and effectiveness of a new drug formulation containing once-daily extended-release @entity1670 and @entity5753 . A total of 814 @entity1 and @entity1 (mean age 59 years) with @entity2299 were enrolled in a 52-week multicenter, open-label study. We used 4 escalating doses ( @entity1670 / @entity5753 in milligrams): 500/10 for the first month, 1,000/20 for the second, 1,500/30 for the third, and 2,000/40 for the fourth month through week 52. Dose-dependent effects were observed for all major lipid parameters. At week 16, mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 and @entity1674 were reduced by 47% and 41%, respectively; mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 was increased by 30% (all p <0.001). LDL/HDL @entity165 and total/HDL @entity165 ratios were also decreased by 58% and 48%, respectively. These effects persisted through week 52, except for the mean increase in HDL @entity165 , which had increased to 41% at 1 year. Lipoprotein (a) and @entity1851 also decreased in a dose-related manner (by 25% and 24%, respectively, on 2,000/40 mg; p <0.01 vs baseline). Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most common adverse event was @entity1671 , which caused 10% of @entity1 to withdraw. Other adverse events included @entity344 , @entity111 , @entity1910 , and @entity10 . @entity121 did not occur in any @entity1 . The incidence of elevated liver enzymes to >3 times the upper limit of normal was 0.5%. Once-daily @entity1670 / @entity5753 exhibits substantial effects on multiple lipid risk factors and represents a significant new treatment option in the management of @entity2299 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of a once-daily @entity1670 / @entity5753 formulation for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal upset']

entities_list: @entity5753 :: ('MESH:D008148', 'Chemical') :: ['lovastatin']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-induced myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: The complete @entity377 sequences of @entity35 M1- and M2-type @entity2388 kinase mRNAs were determined by sequencing the cDNAs and by analyses of S1 nuclease mapping and primer extension. The sequences have an identical molecular size of about 2220 nucleotides excluding a poly(A) tail and include 1593- @entity377 coding region. Their @entity377 sequences are identical except for 160- @entity377 sequences within the coding regions. The @entity535 sequences of the M1- and M2-type subunits deduced from the cDNA sequences differ by only 45 residues within domain C, which constitutes the main region responsible for intersubunit contact. The sequence of this region of the M2-type shows higher homology than that of the M1-type with the corresponding sequence of the L-type. Since the M2- and L-types are allosteric enzymes, unlike to the M1-type, the residues common to the M2- and L-types, but not the M1-type may be important for mediating the allosteric properties. Genomic clones encoding both M1- and M2-type isozyme mRNAs were isolated. By partial sequence analysis of a clone lambda MPK37 four exons were identified, of which two adjacent exons coded the M1- and M2-specific sequences, respectively. The two remaining exons present downstream coded @entity1522 common to the two isozymes. Thus, we conclude that the M1- and M2-type isozymes of @entity2388 kinase are produced from the same gene probably by alternative RNA splicing.

title: The M1- and M2-type isozymes of @entity35 XXXX kinase are produced from the same gene by alternative RNA splicing.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity2388 :: (MESH:D019289,Chemical) :: ['pyruvate']


abstract: Restriction of dietary calories reduces @entity5 formation in experimental animals and probably also in @entity1 . This effect is generally attributed to the inhibitory effect of fasting on cell proliferation. Here we studied the effect of fasting on physiological cell death through apoptosis by using @entity35 liver as a model. (i) In normal liver, involution of @entity1373 by apoptosis was reinforced by food withdrawal and suppressed by feeding. Complete food withdrawal for 8 days or food reduction by 40% for 3 months eliminated 20-30% of normal liver cells through apoptosis. (ii) Putative preneoplastic liver foci exhibited severalfold higher rates of DNA replication and apoptosis than unaltered liver. Food restriction lowered DNA replication but increased apoptosis, which reduced the number and volume of putative preneoplastic liver foci by 85% within 3 months. Subsequent return to ad libitum feeding normalized cell replication and apoptosis but clear differences in the volume and number of putative preneoplastic liver foci persisted throughout the following 17 months. Treatment of animals after food restriction with @entity24565 , a peroxisome proliferator and potent @entity5 promoter, produced only half as many hepatocellular @entity652 and @entity189 as in animals fed unrestrictedly throughout their lifetime. This indicates that food restriction had actually eliminated a part of the initiated cells. This study demonstrates that food restriction preferentially enhances apoptosis of preneoplastic cells. This effect in combination with lowered cell replication provides protection from carcinogenesis.

title: Food restriction eliminates preneoplastic cells through apoptosis and antagonizes carcinogenesis in XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity24565 :: ('MESH:D009255', 'Chemical') :: ['nafenopin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal hepatic resection margin for @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ) is still debated. To explore this issue, the authors analyzed the mode of hepatic spread of @entity1086 . METHODS: Of 85 @entity1 undergoing radical cholecystectomy, 20 had hepatic @entity3 . The pattern of hepatic @entity3 was examined grossly and histologically in specimens. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 had evidence of microscopic angiolymphatic portal tract invasion, with or without direct liver invasion. Four had direct invasion alone, and three had distant hepatic metastatic nodules. The distance (y axis) between the farthest @entity75 and @entity5 (mm) correlated significantly with the gross depth (x axis) of direct invasion (mm): y = 1.3 + 0.33x (r = 0.88, P < 0.01). Three @entity1 with metastatic nodules died of @entity1503 within a year. Eight of the others obtained either long-term palliation or cure after potentially curative resection. Lymph node @entity3 were detected in 90% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The extent of microscopic angiolymphatic portal tract invasion correlates well with the gross depth of direct invasion of the liver. This correlation may be useful for estimating adequate hepatectomy margins. A hepatectomy with an adequate margin combined with a radical lymphadenectomy provides benefit for selected @entity1 with hepatic @entity3 .

title: Hepatic @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['angiolymphatic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the gallbladder']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current guidelines are unclear as to the precise role of radiotherapy (RT) in @entity1 with @entity320 ( @entity320 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate our institutional outcomes in @entity1 with @entity320 , and to explore the roles of both adjuvant and salvage RT in these @entity1 . We identified 100 @entity1 with a histopathologic diagnosis of @entity320 who received treatment at our institution from 2000 to 2014. Local control, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were evaluated in the 95 @entity1 managed surgically with or without adjuvant and/or salvage RT. The overall rate of local recurrence (LR) was 10%. There was no LR in either adjuvant or salvage RT cohort. Adjuvant RT did not significantly improve LR-free survival at 5 years (100 vs. 81%, P=0.59), despite the RT @entity1 having worse pathological features. Four of seven (57%) salvage @entity1 developed distant metastases, despite 100% local control. Adjuvant RT did not significantly impact 5-year overall survival (86 vs. 82%, P=0.43). RT shows a trend towards improved local control in both the adjuvant and salvage settings for @entity1 with @entity320 , and likely overcomes adverse risk factors after surgery in appropriately selected @entity1 . Future prospective studies are needed to better address the optimal management for these @entity1 .

title: Roles of adjuvant and salvage radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'desmoplastic melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic melanoma']


abstract: The transcription factor Kr  ppel-like factor 2 ( @entity6974 ) controls the emigration of conventional T cells from the thymus through its regulation of the cell surface receptor @entity6975 . Prior to @entity6974 expression, developing T cells require a positive selection signal through the TCR. However, following positive selection there are time, spatial, and maturational events that occur before @entity6974 is finally upregulated and emigration occurs. We are interested in determining the signals that upregulate @entity6974 and allow thymocytes to emigrate into circulation and whether they are linked to functional maturation. In endothelial cells @entity6974 expression has been shown to be dependent on the mitogen-activated protein kinase @entity6976 . Furthermore, it has been reported that @entity6977 signaling leads to the phosphorylation of @entity6976 . Thus, we hypothesized that @entity6978 signaling through @entity6976 could drive the expression of @entity6974 . In this study, we provide evidence that this hypothesis is incorrect. We also found that @entity405 lineage specification occurred normally in the absence of @entity6978 signaling, in contrast to a recently proposed model. We showed that both @entity404 and @entity405 T cells complete maturation and express @entity6974 independently of @entity6976 and @entity6977 .

title: Postselection thymocyte maturation and emigration are independent of XXXX and @entity6976 .

answer: @entity6977 :: (3574,Gene) :: ['IL-7']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the association between genital endometrial @entity378 and @entity5862 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 28 @entity1 who underwent hysteroscopy with or without laparoscopy for suspected @entity5862 from symptoms ( @entity4999 or oligomenorrhoea, and or primary or secondary @entity249 ) and who were found to have @entity12622 on endometrial biopsy (histopathology or culture) or positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on endometrial aspirate or positive findings of @entity378 on laparoscopy or hysteroscopy were enrolled in this retrospective study. RESULTS: The mean age and parity were 26.5 years and 0.3, respectively. There was past history of @entity1906 in 67.8% @entity1 . All @entity1 had @entity1866 , with oligomenorrhoea and hypomenorrhoea in 16 (57%) @entity1 and @entity4999 in 12 (42.8%). All @entity1 had primary (n = 19, 67.8%) or secondary (n = 9, 32%) @entity249 . On hysteroscopy, there were various grades of adhesions in all @entity1 , with grade I in 17.8%, grade II in 28.5%, grade III in 28.5% and grade IV in 17.5% @entity1 . Only four @entity1 (14.3%) had open ostia, while others had bilateral (28.5%) or unilateral (21.3%) blocked ostia or @entity2730 to see ostia (28.5%). On laparoscopy performed on 18 @entity1 , there were varying grades of adhesions in 16 (88.8%) @entity1 , with beading (33.3%), tubercles (33.3%), caseation (11.1%) and tubo-ovarian masses (11.1%). The diagnosis of genital @entity1906 was made by histopathology ( @entity378 ) on endometrial biopsy in 28.6%, positive culture in 3.6%, positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 46.4% and observation of tubercles, beading or caseation on laparoscopy in 17.8% or shaggy cavity with caseation on hysteroscopy in 3.6% @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity12622 appears to be an important and common cause of @entity5862 in India, causing oligomenorrhoea or @entity4999 with @entity249 .

title: XXXX : an important cause of @entity5862 in India.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity12622 :: ('MESH:D014401', 'Disease') :: ['Genital tuberculosis', 'genital tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['inability']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5862 :: ('MESH:D006175', 'Disease') :: ["Asherman's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous granuloma', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4999 :: ('MESH:C537962', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhoea']

answer: @entity12622 :: (MESH:D014401,Disease) :: ['Genital tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endocardial mapping is mandatory before radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). Mapping can be performed with either @entity162 . Impact of the recording technique used was studied in @entity1 with and without structural @entity299 using the 3D electroanatomic CARTO mapping system. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 (n=44; 16 males; age 43+/-16 years) referred for RFCA of @entity956 ( @entity956 , n=18), @entity591 ( @entity591 , n=4), @entity2917 reentrant @entity591 (AVNRT, n=5), or scar-related @entity591 (IART, n=17) were studied. Voltage and activation maps were constructed. Unipolar and bipolar voltage distribution in the different groups was studied to establish a cutoff voltage value to facilitate delineation of scar tissue. Electrograms were recorded during @entity591 ( @entity591 : n=246, cycle length [CL]=449+/-35 ms; AVNRT: n=182, CL=359+/-47 ms; @entity956 : n=1164, CL=255+/-56 ms; IART: n=2431, CL=280+/-74 ms). Unipolar voltages were greater than bipolar voltages (P<0.001). Unipolar voltages < or =1.0 mV were equally distributed in both @entity956 and IART @entity1 . Bipolar voltages < or =0.1 mV were only found in @entity1 with IART, and subsequently 0.1 mV was used as the cutoff value to delineate scar tissue. No unipolar cutoff value could be established. Timing of unipolar and bipolar local activation was correlated in all @entity1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The recording technique used has considerable impact on reconstruction of reentrant pathways and on the outcome of RFCA. In general, unipolar and bipolar recordings provide complementary information; however, only bipolar recordings allow voltage-based scar tissue delineation in @entity1 with @entity299 .

title: Voltage and activation mapping: how the recording technique affects the outcome of catheter ablation procedures in XXXX with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['unipolar or bipolar recordings']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial reentrant tachycardia', 'focal atrial tachycardia', 'FAT', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze prognostic factors for ovarian metastases from primary @entity356 , helping establish optimal strategy in ameliorating survival for this entity. Clinical data of 68 consecutive @entity1 histologically diagnosed with ovarian metastases from primary @entity356 were accrued from 1096 cases with female @entity356 . Metachronous surgery was performed on 36 @entity1 and 32 received synchronous surgery. There were 14 @entity1 treated with surgery alone and 54 with combined modality therapy. After the median follow-up time of 9.1 months, the @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 12.4 months was observed for all @entity1 . @entity1 treated with synchronous surgery tended to have an inferior survival compared with those treated with metachronous surgery ( @entity1349 : 10.9 vs 14.3 months; P = 0.100). Combined modality showed a significantly better @entity1349 compared with surgery alone (13.6 vs 7.9 months; P = 0.004). Chemotherapy cycles (more than four or less than or equal to four) were found to have an impact on survival ( @entity1349 : 14.3 vs 9.4 months; P = 0.031). Peritoneal metastases, lymphovascular involvement, and unilateral ovarian metastasectomy were independent unfavorable prognostic factors. Combined modality therapy as primary therapy resulted in good outcome, and more aggressive chemotherapy (more than four cycles) was accompanied by an improvement in survival. Innovative systemic treatments need to be explored in treatment of peritoneal metastases and lymphovascular involvement. Bilateral oophorectomy was considered when ovarian metastases were histologically diagnosed.

title: Prognostic factors for ovarian metastases from primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) on the presence of extracapsular lymph node involvement (LNI) and its prognostic value in @entity1 with resected @entity418 . METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-eight @entity1 with advanced @entity418 underwent esophagectomy between 1997 and 2006. One hundred and ninety @entity1 (63.8%) were treated with neoadjuvant CRT prior to resection. A total of 986 metastatic LNs were examined. Survival of the @entity1 was analyzed according to intra- and extra-capsular LNI. RESULTS: Five-year survival rate was 22.5% for the entire @entity1 population. @entity1 with extracapsular LNI had a 5-year survival rate of 16.7%, which was comparable to the 15.8% in @entity1 with infiltrated nodes of the celiac trunk (pM1lymph). In contrast to @entity1 treated with surgery alone, neoadjuvant therapy resulted in significantly (P = 0.001) more @entity1 with pN0/M0 (51.6% vs 25.0%). In 17.6% of the @entity1 with surgery alone vs 16.8% with neoadjuvant CRT, extracapsular LNI was detected. Neoadjuvant therapy does not reduce the occurrence of extracapsular LNI. CONCLUSION: Extracapsular LNI is an independent negative prognostic factor not influenced by neoadjuvant CRT. In a revised staging system for @entity418 , extracapsular LNI should be considered.

title: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for XXXX : impact on extracapsular lymph node involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of fluorescent proteins to label @entity5 is revolutionizing @entity5 research, enabling imaging of both primary and metastatic lesions, which is important for diagnosis, staging, and therapy. This report describes the use of fluorescence laparoscopy to image green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity5 in an orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity788 . METHODS: The orthotopic @entity19 model of @entity1 @entity788 was established by injecting GFP-expressing MiaPaCa-2 @entity1 @entity788 cells into the pancreas of 6-week-old female athymic @entity19 . On postoperative day 14, diagnostic laparoscopy using both white and fluorescent light was performed. A standard laparoscopic system was modified by placing a 480-nm short-pass excitation filter between the light cable and the laparoscope in addition to using a 2-mm-thick emission filter. A camera was used that allowed variable exposure time and gain setting. For @entity19 laparoscopy, a 3-mm 0   laparoscope was used. The @entity19 's abdomen was gently insufflated to 2 mm Hg via a 22-gauge angiocatheter. After laparoscopy, the animals were sacrificed, and the @entity5 were collected and processed for histologic review. The experiments were performed in triplicate. RESULTS: Fluorescence laparoscopy enabled rapid imaging of the brightly fluorescent @entity5 in the pancreatic body. Use of the proper filters enabled simultaneous visualization of the @entity5 and the surrounding structures with minimal autofluorescence. Fluorescence laparoscopy thus allowed exact localization of the @entity5 , eliminating the need to switch back and forth between white and fluorescence lighting, under which the background usually is so darkened that it is difficult to maintain spatial orientation. CONCLUSION: The use of fluorescence laparoscopy permits the facile, real-time imaging and localization of @entity5 labeled with fluorescent proteins. The results described in this report should have important clinical potential.

title: Fluorescence laparoscopy imaging of XXXX progression in an orthotopic @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumor']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested that high-fat diets adversely affect bone development. However, these studies included other dietary manipulations, including low @entity460 , @entity1501 , and fibre, and (or) high @entity969 or @entity165 , and did not directly compare several common sources of dietary fat. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diets that differ in fat quality, representing diets high in @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ), n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ), or n-6 @entity5204 , on femur @entity79 ( @entity79 ), strength, and @entity844 composition. Forty-day-old male @entity35 were maintained for 65  days on high-fat diets (20% by weight), containing coconut oil ( @entity10194 ; n = 10), flaxseed oil (n-3 @entity5204 ; n = 10), or safflower oil (n-6 @entity5204 ; n = 11). Chow-fed @entity35 (n = 10), at 105  days of age, were included to represent animals on a control diet. @entity35 fed high-fat diets had higher body weights than the chow-fed @entity35 (p  < 0.001). Among all high-fat groups, there were no differences in femur @entity79 (p  > 0.05) or biomechanical strength properties (p  > 0.05). Femurs of groups fed either the high n-3 or high n-6 @entity5204 diets were stronger (as measured by peak load) than those of the chow-fed group, after adjustment for significant differences in body weight (p = 0.001). As expected, the femur @entity844 profile reflected the @entity844 composition of the diet consumed. These results suggest that high-fat diets, containing high levels of @entity5204 in the form of flaxseed or safflower oil, have a positive effect on bone strength when fed to male @entity35 6 to 15  weeks of age.

title: Influence of high-fat diet from differential dietary sources on @entity79 , bone strength, and bone XXXX composition in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the role of emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after prolonged @entity1167 and failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and (2) the use of systemic @entity4144 during CPB to convert intractable @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1707 (34 +/- 2 kg) underwent 15 minutes of @entity1167 after induced @entity2224 , followed by 10 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-advanced life support. Peripheral CPB was used if cardiopulmonary resuscitation failed to restore stable circulation. Damage was assessed by evaluating hemodynamics, biochemical variables ( @entity908 kinase-MB, neuron-specific enolase), @entity51 score, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone was successful in only 19% (6 of 31 @entity1707 ). Cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated in 81% of animals (25 of 31 @entity1707 ) either for @entity551 (5 of 25 @entity1707 ) or intractable @entity2224 (20 of 25 @entity1707 ). Defibrillation was successful in 7 of 20 animals during the first 10 minutes after initiating CPB. @entity2224 persisted more than 10 minutes in 13 of 20 @entity1707 , and animals were treated either with repeated defibrillation (6 of 13 @entity1707 ) or with a @entity972 bolus (7 of 13 @entity1707 ) to induce transient @entity1167 . Overall survival at 24 hours was 84% with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (100% of @entity1707 with @entity551 ; 71% in CPB- @entity2224 < 10 minutes). Despite CPB, fatal @entity712 occurred after @entity2224 duration of more than 10 minutes in all @entity1707 treated with electrical defibrillation, whereas @entity4144 allowed 100% cardioversion and 86% survival. Biochemical variables remained elevated in all groups. Similarly, severe @entity1545 was present in all animals as confirmed by @entity51 score (197 +/- 10) and magnetic resonance imaging. CONCLUSIONS: Emergency CPB after prolonged @entity1167 improves survival and allows systemic @entity4144 to convert intractable @entity2224 , but fails to reduce @entity16 .

title: Resuscitation after prolonged @entity1167 : role of cardiopulmonary bypass and systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity4144 :: (MESH:D006947,Disease) :: ['hyperkalemia']


abstract: The association of cavernous @entity2695 , @entity4383 , and @entity14311 of the liver has not previously been described in the literature. A case report of a @entity1 who presented with these 3 lesions simultaneously is reviewed. The 32-year-old @entity28 @entity1 presented with upper @entity490 of recent onset. No @entity409 had been noted at the times of cholecystectomy and cesarean section, each performed some years before. She had taken oral contraceptives (OCs) 6 years earlier for about 6 months. Now the liver was enlarged and contained a firm, nontender mass that extended to 1 handsbreadth below the right costal margin and across the epigastrium. No bruit was noted. Results of hematologic and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Ultrasonography revealed a solic mass, and selective celiac arteriography showed that the mass occupied the right lobe of the liver and was predominantly avascular, with small areas of pooling of contrast material. An operation revealed, in addition to the mass, many irregular purplish areas 2-4 mm in diameter in both lobes of the liver. Close to the free edge of the left lobe was a yellowish brown and slightly modular firm mass. The pathological report listed a giant cavernous @entity2695 of the right lobe, several disseminated @entity6446 , multiple disseminated vascular ectasiae ( @entity14311 ) and 1 lesion of @entity4383 in the left lobe. 27 days after the operation, scintiscanning revealed evidence of good liver regeneration. Another scan 3 years later revealed regeneration of the liver to normal size and no focal abnormalities. Due to the fact that increasing numbers of cases of @entity4383 and @entity8055 have been reported in association with OCs and in view of the possible association between these drugs and @entity2695 , caution in prescribing these drugs is recommended.

title: XXXX and oral contraceptives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8055 :: ('MESH:D018248', 'Disease') :: ['liver cell adenomas']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver abnormality']

entities_list: @entity14311 :: ('MESH:C566283', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomatosis']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangiomata']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Telomere length plays important roles in maintaining genome stability and regulating cell replication and @entity204 . Telomerase has functions not only to extend telomere length but also to repair DNA damage. Studies have shown that telomerase may increase @entity5 cell resistance to DNA-damaging anticancer agents; @entity440 may suppress telomerase expression in @entity0 cells. This study aimed to investigate the role of telomere length and telomerase activity in @entity0 prognosis. METHODS: qPCR and qRT-PCR were used to analyze telomere length and telomerase expression, respectively, in @entity5 samples of 348 @entity0 @entity1 . Cox regression analysis was performed to examine telomere length and telomerase expression in association with disease-free survival and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS: Telomere length had no relation to @entity5 features or disease outcomes. Telomerase expression was detected in 53% of @entity5 . Larger @entity5 or @entity146 were more likely to have telomerase expression. Among @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, high telomerase was found to be associated with increased risk of @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.34 to 7.40) and disease recurrence (HR = 2.04; 95% CI: 0.96 to 4.30) regardless of @entity1 age, disease stage, @entity5 grade, histological type or hormone receptor status. @entity1 treated with endocrine therapy had different results regarding telomerase: high telomerase appeared to be associated with better survival outcomes. Telomerase expression made no survival difference in @entity1 who received both chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, telomerase expression was not associated with disease outcome, but this finding may be masked by adjuvant treatment. @entity1 with high telomerase expression responded poorly to chemotherapy in terms of disease-free and overall survival, but fared better if treated with endocrine therapy.

title: Telomerase expression and telomere length in XXXX and their associations with adjuvant treatment and disease outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Three @entity1 with @entity2150 were evaluated by the ophthalmology service within 2 months of the @entity2150 diagnosis for bilateral @entity227 . The mean age of diagnosis of @entity2150 was 14.3 years (range: 5 to 19 years) and the mean follow-up was 25 months (range: 15 to 44 months). All 6 eyes demonstrated @entity63 and @entity548 . Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in four eyes of two @entity1 for non-clearing @entity548 ; one @entity1 was observed. Successful anatomic outcomes were achieved in 3 of 4 eyes that underwent vitrectomy. Initial visual acuity ranged from 20/80 to bare light perception and final visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to no light perception. All @entity1 received immunosuppressive therapy including @entity205 and anti-thymocyte globulin, and two underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. All @entity1 received perioperative platelet and blood transfusions. Pars plana vitrectomy resulted in functional and anatomic success in the majority of eyes in this series. Coordination of medical and surgical care with the hematology service is advisable to stabilize hematologic parameters prior to undertaking a vitreoretinal procedure.

title: Posterior segment ophthalmic complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although some reports with computed tomography and bone scintigraphy are available in the literature, the distinct epidemiologic description of skeletal metastatic pattern of @entity5 is still lacking. This study uses a novel approach to identify skeletal @entity3 from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to describe metastatic pattern in common @entity5 . A retrospective analysis of 130 @entity5 @entity1 (42 lung, 56 breast, 11 @entity263 ; 21 @entity1582 ) with vertebral @entity3 and without disseminated disease, and whom underwent a whole body 3Tesla MRI investigation (Discovery MR750w), was carried out. @entity1582 had the most commonly disseminated @entity3 (95  %) compared to lung (28  %), breast (44  %) and prostate (71  %) @entity5 . @entity2 was related to more frequent pedicle involvement compared to @entity0 (29, 9 and 0  %, p   <   0.05). @entity174 was mainly associated with @entity1582 (43  %). The prevalence of @entity2 @entity3 was more frequent in the lumbal spine (81  %), as well as particular in C7, D7, D8, D9 and L1, compared to @entity0 . Most differences among @entity5 were detected in the extravertebral osseous metastatic pattern (p   <   0.05). The highest frequency of extravertebral skeletal @entity3 was present in @entity1582 (28 to 76  %). Brain @entity3 was more frequent in @entity2 compared to @entity0 (35  % vs. 17  %, p   <   0.05). Significant differences in the skeletal metastatic pattern among common @entity5 were demonstrated with MRI.

title: Pattern of XXXX Spread of Common Primary @entity5 as Seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast or prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various tumors', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: Scintiangiography and hepatobiliary scintigraphy were performed in 45 @entity1 with @entity1661 . There were 18 gunshot wounds, six stab wounds, and 21 @entity1913 . Thirty-one of 45 @entity1 showed abnormalities (69%). There were nine bilomas (4 with leaks), three leaks without biloma, (7 total leaks), five @entity409 , three @entity1188 , one @entity5572 , four @entity8 , one post-traumatic @entity99 , one acute acalculus @entity2679 , and four bowel @entity130 including one @entity292 , two obstructions, and one stricture. Two of the @entity8 were identified only during scintiangiography. Eighteen of 38 gallbladders were not visualized despite normal bowel transit and delayed views to 4 hours (47%). Fourteen of 16 gallbladders were grossly normal at surgery, one had @entity5990 , and one had post-traumatic acalculus @entity2679 (6%). Hepatobiliary scintiangiography showed unique characteristics of vascular and @entity8 that were not seen on routine images. @entity599 colloid had no advantage over disofenin in evaluating @entity99 in nine cases. A high percentage of nonvisualized gallbladders (47%) were noted in acutely traumatized @entity1 , and caution is recommended in diagnosing acute @entity2679 in the face of @entity130 .

title: Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and scintiangiography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions', 'renal injuries', 'renal injuries and the hepatic artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver hematomas']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['liver infarcts']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'hepatic artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between mammaplasty and results after @entity2975 hydrophilic gel (PAHG) removal from breast. METHODS: From Feb. 2003 to Aug. 2009, 130 @entity1 with bilateral breast augmentation by PAHG injection were treated. Preoperative ultrasound examination and MRI were performed to know the distribution of PAHG and infiltration at the surrounding tissue. According to the conditions after removal, the @entity1 were received implant augmentation immediately, or at the second stage, or no implant. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up for 3 months at the most with a very satisfactory rate of 63.84% (83/120), a satisfactory rate of 31.53% (41/120) and a unsatisfactory rate of 4.63% (6/120). Slight capsular contracture (Baker I) occurred in 5 cases with 6 breasts in satisfactory group. All the @entity1 in unsatisfactory groups who selected unsuitable implants by themselves were re-operated to take out the implants. 3 cases with much residue PAHG insisted to receive breast implants. Among them, 2 cases achieved acceptable results even the surface of the breasts were not smooth. No other complication happened. CONCLUSIONS: The breast reaugmentation after PAHG removal should be performed based on the @entity85 of breast. Both cosmetic result and psychological relief could be obtained after mammaplasty.

title: [Mammaplasty after XXXX hydrophilic gel removal from breast].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and condition']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity2975 :: (CHEBI:51135,Chemical) :: ['polyacrylamide']


abstract: AIM: To collect routine susceptibility data for coliform organisms isolated from @entity1 with community-acquired @entity293 (CAUTIs) in Zenica-Doboj Canton during 2004, with a view to guiding empiric therapy. METHODS: Consecutive urine samples were analyzed by standard procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to fifteen antimicrobials was performed by disc-diffusion method according to causative agents ( @entity526 /non @entity526 ), age (0-6, 7-14, 15-19, 20-64, > or = 65) and gender of @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity526 and other coliforms (non- @entity526 ) were isolated from 2473 (11%) out of 22,451 urine samples submitted, 1,618 (65.4%) and 856 (34.6%), respectively. Inclusion of non- @entity526 significantly increased overall resistance rates in all tested antibiotics except for @entity869 and @entity206 / @entity207 , and it was significantly higher in males than in females in all analysed subsets (p < 0.05). Specific age resistance rates to @entity6616 was in the range of 15-63% and 2-12% in males and females, respectively. Resistance rates to @entity2177 in the two oldest age groups were 51% and 57% in males, and 11% i 17% in females. CONCLUSIONS: Because of significant proportion of non- @entity526 isolates, CAUTIs represent important problem in this region. Due to high @entity869 and @entity206 / @entity207 resistance rates for all analysed subsets these drugs should be left for empiric therapy, and it is highly recommended to perform urinalysis in all @entity1 . @entity2177 and @entity6616 should also be considered as the first-line therapy in @entity1 above 20 years of age and in @entity1 , respectively. Continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance of CAUTIs as well as introduction of drug prescribing control is important.

title: Antibiotic resistance of coliform bacteria from community-acquired XXXX in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6616 :: ('MESH:D009582', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrofurantoin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['Ciprofloxacin', 'ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infections']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to explore the factors related to the prognosis of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and to establish a prognostic model for the selection of @entity1 who might benefit from hepatic resection for metastatic @entity14 . A total of 293 @entity1 undergoing liver resection for metastatic @entity14 (172 males and 80 females ranging in age from 26 to 80 years) were selected and clinical, pathological and outcome data were examined in this retrospective study. The prognostic index (PI) of the @entity1 was calculated on the basis of results of multivariate analysis. @entity1 were stratified into different groups, with survival curves projected according to PI. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 58.3, 26.4, and 11.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that degree of @entity5 differentiation, resection margin, preoperative @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, number of liver @entity3 , and resection of liver @entity3 were associated with prognosis (P < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the last three factors were found to be independent prognostic factors. The resection of liver @entity3 was a favorable factor. @entity1 were classified into three groups according to PI, which differed significantly in survival rate (P < 0.05). The individual survival rate was evaluated based on PI. Resection of hepatic colorectal @entity3 may produce long-term survival and cure. The proposed PI was easy to use, was highly predictive of @entity1 outcome, and permitted categorization of @entity1 into treatment groups.

title: Prognosis of @entity14 with liver XXXX : value of a prognostic index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: PURPOSE OF STUDY: We report our experience with ultrafiltration to remove @entity1284 in @entity1 with diuretic-resistant, decompensated, @entity712 . METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, 42 @entity1 with @entity712 and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 40% were treated with ultrafiltration. @entity1 were hospitalized for acute decompensation. Mean age was 69 years (67% @entity1 ). Cause of @entity712 was @entity63 in 52% of cases. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was III (64%) or IV (36%). All @entity1 were on optimal @entity712 drugs. Average dose of @entity1483 before ultrafiltration was 250 mg. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to anticoagulants, hematocrit more than 50%, glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min and @entity1455 . Ultrafiltration was performed using a venous femoral bilumen catheter and anticoagulation with heparin. RESULTS: Each @entity1 underwent one to four ultrafiltration treatments (total 70). Mean duration of a treatment was 6 h. Eighty-six percent of treatments removed more than 4000 ml of fluids; 10% removed 2000-4000 ml; 4% removed less than 2000 ml (1600-6900 ml). One ultrafiltration was aborted because of persistent @entity551 . Other complications include two cases of @entity548 from vascular access and six cases of worsened renal function. One @entity1 required dialysis. Six-month mortality after ultrafiltration was 26%. Hospitalization rate, 6 months after, was 30% (compared to 66% 6 months before). Average @entity1483 dose, 6 months after, was 125 mg. CONCLUSION: Ultrafiltration removed @entity1284 in diuretic-resistant, severe, @entity712 in our single-center experience. Six months after ultrafiltration, hospitalization rates were reduced by 36% and @entity1483 dose was 50% lower, compared to the previous 6 months. @entity177 was the most common complication (14% of @entity1 ).

title: Ultrafiltration for the treatment of diuretic-resistant, recurrent, acute decompensated XXXX : experience in a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Worsened renal function']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['fluid overload']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: A group of 1000 random trephine biopsies were evaluated according to their usefulness for typing and staging of haematological @entity5 . Trephine biopsy contributed someway to clinical data in half the cases. Primary medullary processes showed an excellent correspondence of clinical and bioptical data. Biopsy contributed substantially to specification of myeloproliferations and myodysplasias. There were only 24% of negative results (descriptive inconclusive). @entity706 presented situation analogical to leucaemias. Peripherical @entity706 in medulla mostly did not follow diversity of lymph node phenomena and did not contribute to more detailed typing but enabled satisfactory staging. @entity706 were located, unlike leucaemia, intertrabeculary or peritrabeculary and often induced reactive myeloproliferation or @entity2318 . Biopsy was usually good for separation of @entity3308 . Remarks to technology of getting and processing of bioptical sample were discussed.

title: [Trephine biopsy of the bone marrow in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3308 :: ('MESH:D020295', 'Disease') :: ['medullary carcinosis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant lymphomas', 'malignant lymphomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hematologic tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Totally implanted port devices are important for the administration of fluid and chemotherapeutic agents. However, their use may be associated with serious complications, such as @entity174 and @entity887 . Most data on port catheter embolization consist of isolated case reports. We report a 6-year-old @entity1 with relapse of an @entity981 . He presented with dysfunction of his totally implanted port device. Radiologic examination revealed a @entity174 . Echocardiography showed the catheter embolized into the right ventricle. The catheter was successfully removed from the right ventricle by percutaneous endovascular intervention. During the procedure, it was observed that the catheter fragment was located in the pulmonary artery. Catheter @entity887 may go undiagnosed for a prolonged period; however, severe systemic clinical signs may develop. Any implanted catheter should be removed after completion of treatment, or should be checked regularly for this complication by periodic standard chest x- @entity16039 monitoring.

title: Spontaneous Fracture and Migration of a Totally Implanted Port Device to Pulmonary Artery in Acute Leukemia XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['catheter fracture']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: We have compared the effect of granulocyte extract (GRE) on proliferation of hemopoietic cells from various sources, using two different cultures media, CMRL 1066 and McCoy 5A. GRE caused a strong (80-90%) inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC) in cultures with medium CMRL 1066. GM-CFC in @entity1 blood and @entity1 and @entity19 bone marrow were equally sensitive to the inhibitor. The inhibitor had a maximal effect in the concentration range corresponding to GRE from 2 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(6) cells @entity307 ml culture dish. At higher GRE concentration the inhibition was reduced. GM-CFC from @entity1 blood and @entity19 marrow were suppressed in cultures with McCoy's medium as well, but to a lesser extent than in CMRL 1066 cultures. On the other hand, in cultures with @entity1 bone marrow cells (BMC) and McCoy's medium, GRE had no inhibitory effect. CMRL 1066 medium contains a number of components not present in McCoy's medium. In a systematic study where these substances were added one by one to McCoy's medium we found that inhibition by GRE depended upon the presence of @entity1014 . At a @entity1014 concentration of 3 x 10(-5) mol/l GRE strongly suppressed GM-CFC in @entity1 blood and bone marrow. This @entity1014 concentration itself had no effect. Other @entity2642 or components of the CMRL 1066 did not potentiate the suppressive effect of GRE.

title: XXXX -dependent effect of granulocyte-derived inhibitor on granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC).

entities_list: @entity2642 :: ('MESH:D009705', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleosides']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['Thymidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adult @entity1 with @entity1467 ( @entity1467 ) are at higher risk of developing @entity195 and @entity302 . The relationship between developing @entity303 and the risk of developing @entity410 in @entity1467 is poorly characterized to date. In addition, treatment response and medication tolerability have not been rigorously studied. METHODS: We identified 220 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1467 and @entity303 . Those without a history of developing @entity410 ( @entity336 ) were compared to @entity1 with new-onset @entity410 ( @entity336 +S) after the age of 35. Electronic records were reviewed for demographics, @entity410 characteristics, cognitive status, and @entity146 comorbidities. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 included for analysis, twenty-six out of 60 @entity1 had new-onset @entity410 or developed @entity410 during the follow-up period (the @entity336 +S group) with a median onset of 2.0years after the @entity303 diagnosis. Generalized @entity410 were the most common @entity410 type (61.5% of @entity336 +S). Sixteen (61.5%) @entity1 were reported to have @entity2045 . @entity4677 was the most commonly used initial medication, with the majority (73%) of @entity1 treated achieving partial or complete @entity410 control. The @entity336 +S @entity1 tended to have a similar burden of new-onset @entity146 compared to the @entity336 group. DISCUSSION: New-onset @entity302 seems to occur early in the course of @entity303 in @entity1467 @entity1 . @entity1 generally respond to treatment. A great burden of @entity146 is seen. Future studies need to explore the relationship between b-amyloid accumulation and @entity302 and attend to the care and needs of @entity1467 @entity1 with @entity303 and @entity410 .

title: The clinical and neurobehavioral course of XXXX and @entity303 with or without new-onset @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['Levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome', 'DS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform activity']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer-type dementia']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Aberrant glycosylation has been implicated in various types of @entity5 . Cancerous cells with altered glycosylation of their surface proteins shed such proteins into the circulating fluids. Glycomic profiling of such fluids shows the altered glycosylation. We performed glycomic profiling of serum from @entity1 with no known disease, Barrett's without @entity1141 , with high-grade @entity1141 , and with @entity420 in an attempt to delineate distinct differences in glycosylation among these groups. METHODS: Serum samples from @entity1 with Barrett's @entity4648 (N = 5), high-grade @entity1141 (N = 11), and @entity420 (N = 50) were collected; samples from 18 healthy volunteers were used as control. Serum N-glycans were enzymatically released and then applied to both C18 Sep-Pak (Waters, Milford, MA) cartridges and activated charcoal cartridges. N-glycans were permethylated and then spotted directly onto a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization plate. Mass spectra were acquired using the Applied Biosystems 4800 MALDI TOF/TOF Analyzer (Applied Biosystems Inc, Framingham, Mass). The obtained matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry data were processed using DataExplorer files (Applied Biosystems Inc) listing m/z values and intensities. RESULTS: The intensities of 98 glycans were significantly different among the 3 groups; 26 of these corresponded to known glycan structures. Pairwise comparisons showed that 8 glycans were significantly different in all 3 pairwise comparisons. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that comparative glycomic profiling of @entity420 reveals a subset of glycans that can be selected as candidate biomarkers. These markers can differentiate normal from high-grade @entity1141 , normal from @entity420 , and high-grade @entity1141 from @entity420 . Further validation will be necessary to determine the clinical utility of these glycan biomarkers.

title: Comparative glycomic profiling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to characterize etiologies of @entity1566 and disorders (SCI/D) in @entity1 with and without @entity850 / @entity4720 (CSS) and to describe clinical characteristics and underlying comorbidities in these populations. DESIGN AND SETTING: We reviewed administrative data for 1954 Veterans who had onset of traumatic or non-traumatic @entity1688 during FY 1999-2007. This included 1037 with a diagnosis of CSS at or in the two years prior to SCI onset of SCI/D and 917 without a diagnosis of CSS. OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographics, etiologies of SCI/D and comorbidities by CSS status. RESULTS: Veterans with SCI/D and CSS were older, more likely to have @entity130 and more likely to be Black than those with SCI/D and no CSS. Of @entity1 with traumatic etiologies for SCI, 35.1% had a diagnosis of CSS at the time of or in the 2 years prior to SCI onset. Of those with @entity1688 due to falls, 40.0% had CSS, whereas for other known traumatic etiologies the percentages with CSS were lower: vehicular (25.0%); sports (16.1%); and acts of violence (10.2%). Total comorbidity scores measured by the Charlson co morbidity index and CMS @entity558 Category (CMS-HCC) were higher in those with CSS and SCI/D compared to those with SCI/D without CSS (P   <   0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: CSS is commonly present in @entity1 with new traumatic @entity1688 . Falls are a particularly important potentially modifiable risk for SCI in @entity1 with CSS.

title: XXXX in @entity1566 and disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical Condition']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete injuries']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Cervical stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the proliferation effects and apoptosis induction of @entity5 . METHOD: The MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of Hela cells at 24, 48, 72 h which cultured with cryptotanshinone in different concentrations. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of E6, @entity876 and @entity3544 were studied by Western blot. RESULT: The different concentrations (0.5-16 mg x L(-1)) of cryptotanshinone had @entity137 on Hela cells, which were clearly dose and time-dependent. The IC50 of 24, 48, 72 h were 17.8, 8.17, 6.55 mg x L(-1), respectively. Cells were treated with cryptotanshinone which had significant effects on cell cycle of Hela cell, and induced apoptosis. Western blot showed cryptotanshinone decreased expressions of HPV E6 and increased expressions of @entity876 and @entity3544 proteins. CONCLUSION: Cryptotanshinone had significant cytotoic and radiosensitization effects on @entity5 Hela cells. One of the mechanism may be that it might make significant G0/G1 phase arrest and induced apoptosis, a decrease in S phase, and restore the function of @entity876 to induce apoptosis in Hela cells to kill the @entity5 cell.

title: [Effects of cryptotanshinone on proliferation and apoptosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cryptotanshinone on Hela cell line of cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Hela cell line of cervical cancer']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gleditsia sinensis Lam. has been used in the traditional Chinese medicine as a chief ingredient of many polyherbal formulations for the treatment of @entity28 and @entity715 . AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the effects of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruit aqueous extract (GAE) on @entity407 and @entity731 in @entity95 on a high fat diet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity95 were divided into four groups: the normal control with a normal diet, and high-fat diet-fed model group and GAE-treated groups supplemented with GAE (6 or 12 mg/kg/day, p.o.), respectively. The groups fed high-fat diets were given i.v. with bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the 4th week to induce @entity731 . The serum lipid profile, including @entity1674 (TG), total @entity165 (TC) and low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), was determined on the 0th, 4th, 8th and 14th week, respectively. And the activities of @entity492 aminotransferase (AST), @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) and @entity908 kinase (CK) were measured simultaneously. At the end of the experiment, the @entity95 were sacrificed, and the @entity731 as well as the histopathological changes of aorta and liver were assessed by oil-red or HE staining, respectively, and the aorta and liver lipid profiles were also assayed. RESULTS: Results showed that the prophylactic treatment with GAE could significantly decrease the lipid levels of serum, aorta and liver, attenuate aortic @entity731 and improve aortic remodeling without the significant liver and @entity137 . CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest that GAE can effectively attenuate the @entity731 at least through anti-hyperlipidemic activity and thus has the therapeutic potential in treating @entity407 -related @entity65 .

title: Aqueous extract of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. fruits improves serum and liver lipid profiles and attenuates atherosclerosis in XXXX fed a high-fat diet.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['muscle toxicity']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'Japanese white rabbits']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Two @entity1 , delivered uneventfully, later developed right @entity5300 palsy secondary to pyogenic @entity4034 and @entity625 of the right shoulder joint. Weakness of right arms occurred at the sixth and tenth days of age respectively. Both had right arm tenderness on palpation and passive movement. Roentgenograms of their right shoulder joints showed irregular radiolucency of the proximal margin of right humerus head. In both cases, electromyography revealed various degrees of significant denervation pattern for the C5-C7 innervated muscles. Pus culture from right shoulder joints grew Streptococcus viridans and @entity794 , respectively. After antibiotic therapy and arthrotomy with drainage, weakness improved gradually following continuous rehabilitation. Follow-up at six months of age showed almost complete recovery of right upper extremity function in one @entity1 , but mild @entity425 in the other. Follow-up electromyography studies showed continued improvement. The possible mechanism of this rare occurrence is discussed.

title: @entity5300 secondary to septic arthritis and XXXX : report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['residual weakness']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: @entity888 (MA)-dependent individuals exhibit @entity73 . Therefore, medications that improve cognition in these subjects may improve the success of therapy for their addiction, especially when cognitive behavioral therapies are used. @entity2728 has been shown to improve cognitive performance in @entity146 @entity1 and healthy volunteers. We therefore conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, to examine the effects of @entity2728 on learning and neural activity related to cognitive function in abstinent, MA-dependent, and healthy control @entity1 . @entity2728 (200   mg) and placebo were administered orally (one single dose each), in counterbalanced fashion, 2   h before each of two testing sessions. Under placebo conditions, MA-dependent @entity1 showed worse learning performance than control @entity1 . @entity2728 boosted learning in MA-dependent @entity1 , bringing them to the same performance level as control subjects; the control group did not show changes in performance with @entity2728 . After controlling for performance differences, MA-dependent @entity1 showed a greater effect of @entity2728 on brain activation in bilateral insula/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortices than control @entity1 . The findings suggest that @entity2728 improves learning in MA-dependent @entity1 , possibly by enhancing neural function in regions important for learning and cognitive control. These results suggest that @entity2728 may be a suitable pharmacological adjunct for enhancing the efficiency of cognitive-based therapies for @entity734 .

title: Effect of XXXX on learning and task-related brain activity in @entity888 -dependent and healthy individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in cognition and prefrontal cortical function']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['Modafinil', 'modafinil']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['MA dependence']

answer: @entity2728 :: (MESH:C048833,Chemical) :: ['modafinil']


abstract: Based on the reviewed literature and the data presented in this paper, conclusions can be drawn with respect to the validity of the WAG/Rij strain of @entity35 as a model for @entity2048 in @entity1 . The view that the WAG/Rij model has "face validity" is supported by the simultaneous presence of clinical and electroencephalographic signs characterizing absences in @entity35 and @entity1 , by the decrease in responsiveness during the presence of spike-wave discharges in both species, by the agreement between model and @entity1 with respect to the preferential occurrences of spike-wave discharges at transitions in states of vigilance, by the corresponding modulation of spike-wave discharges by physical and mental activities in both and, finally, by the fact that in both @entity1 and @entity35 @entity2048 is inherited. Against this view, however, argue two points. In @entity35 , absences appear after puberty and are maintained during life, while in @entity1 the @entity410 occur before puberty and then disappear or convert to more serious forms of @entity302 . The second point is the frequency difference of the spikes and waves in the discharge train: 8-10 Hz in the @entity35 and 3 Hz in the @entity1 (though there are no a priori reasons why the frequency of spike waves in the burst must be the same in all species). The absence model also has predictive validity, based on pharmacological data that demonstrate the specificity of certain drugs as being effective in @entity410 and not in @entity2048 . So far, all drugs affect spike-wave activity the same way in @entity35 and @entity1 , with @entity2812 being, perhaps, the only exception. Furthermore, sleep deprivation is a powerful provocation for the initiation of spike-wave discharges in both @entity35 and @entity1 . Potential explanations for the presence of @entity2048 in @entity35 have been found at the levels of activities in networks and nuclei; of neurons, membrane properties, and ion channels; of proteins and enzymes; and, finally, of genes and chromosomes. Further descriptions of the cellular processes can be found extensively in the literature (e.g., McCormick and Contreras, 2001) and those of the thalamo-cortico-thalamic network in this review as well as in others (Avanzini et al., 1999). Considering the extensive involvement of the phenomena under study with theoretical issues such as the relationship between sleep spindles and spike-wave discharges, and the origin of @entity410 activity, it can be concluded that the model also has construct validity as far as the present neurobiological theories holding for @entity2048 in @entity1 are concerned. The WAG/Rij model can therefore be recommended for continued use in evaluating antiepileptic drugs for monotherapy and polytherapy, as well as for the toxicological side effects of putative new antiabsence drugs.

title: Genetic animal models for XXXX : a review of the WAG/Rij strain of @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive epilepsies', 'seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['absence epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the characteristics of @entity612 is @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the extracellular matrix of the ligamentum flavum. However, there have been no investigations to determine which biochemical factors cause these histologic changes. So we performed the current study to investigate the hypothesis that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which possess the ability to cause extracellular matrix remodeling, may play a role as a mediator for this malady in the ligamentum flavum. METHODS: The ligamentum flavum specimens were surgically obtained from thirty @entity1 with @entity612 , as well as from 30 control @entity1 with a disc @entity3976 . The extents of ligamentum flavum @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 were graded (grade 0-4) with performing @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. The localization of @entity1476 (gelatinase), @entity1549 (stromelysin) and @entity1550 (collagenase) within the ligamentum flavum tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of the active forms of @entity1476 , @entity1549 and @entity1550 were determined by western blot analysis, and the blots were quantified using an imaging densitometer. The histologic and biochemical results were compared between the two conditions. RESULTS: @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum were significantly more severe in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples (3.14 +/- 0.50 vs. 0.55 +/- 0.60, p < 0.001; 3.10 +/- 0.57 vs. 0.76 +/- 0.52, p < 0.001, respectively). The expressions of the active form of MMPs were identified in all the ligamentum flavums of the @entity612 and disc @entity3976 @entity1 . The expressions of active @entity1476 and @entity1550 were significantly higher in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples (both p < 0.05). The expression of active @entity1549 was slightly higher in the @entity612 samples than that in the disc @entity3976 samples, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.131). @entity23836 were positively stained on the ligamentum flavum fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The current results suggest that the increased expression of active MMPs by the ligamentum flavum fibroblasts might be related to the @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum in the @entity1 who suffer with @entity2649 .

title: The increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases associated with @entity2362 degradation and @entity82 of the ligamentum flavum in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniation']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity167 -related problems (ARPs) are a relevant issue in public health and contribute to premature deaths and avoidable disease burden. The capture-recapture (C-R) method can be a useful tool to provide reliable estimates for populations with hidden nature such as subjects with @entity20000 . METHODS: C-R method was used to estimate the 'true count' of individuals with @entity20000 using three independent health-related current databases in an area of northern Italy during 2007. To predict the frequency of unascertained cases, we constructed log linear models. The goodness-of-fit of a model was measured by the likelihood ratio test and the final model was selected using Akaike's Information Criterion. Confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated according to Hook and Regal. RESULTS: Altogether 1014 subjects with @entity20000 were directly identified from the three sources using the C-R method the estimated unknown population was 2729 subjects, giving a total of 3743 subjects with @entity20000 (95% CI 3148-4504) and a prevalence of 8.24 (95% CI 7.97-8.50) per 1000 inhabitants aged >15 years. The analyses stratified for gender estimated 12.31/1000 (95% CI 11.85-12.77) @entity1 and 4.86/1000 (95% CI 4.58-5.14) @entity1 with @entity20000 . Besides, the analysis calculated a prevalence of 14.99 per 1000 (95% CI 14.29-15.69) for males <50 years (1731), corresponding to the majority of subjects with @entity20000 . CONCLUSION: The C-R technique is useful to provide a more realistic picture of the size of @entity20000 population. This has important implications both for future planning of service provision and for the way in which the impact of @entity20000 interventions are evaluated.

title: Prevalence estimates of XXXX related problems in an area of northern Italy using the capture-recapture method.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']