abstract: PURPOSE: The Israeli population has a unique genetic make-up, with a high prevalence of consanguineous marriages and @entity74 . In rod-dominated phenotypes, disease-causing genes and mutations that differ from those identified in other populations often are incurred. We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify @entity74 in Israeli families with cone-dominated retinal phenotypes. METHODS: Clinical analysis included family history, detailed ocular examination, visual function testing, and retinal imaging. Whole exome sequencing, followed by segregation analysis, was performed in 6 cone-dominated @entity989 families in which prior mutation analysis did not reveal the causative gene. Based on the WES findings, we screened 106 additional families with cone-dominated phenotypes. RESULTS: The WES analysis revealed mutations in known @entity989 genes in five of the six families: two pathogenic mutations in the @entity37188 gene in three families, and one each in @entity58445 and @entity13735 . Targeted screening of additional cone-dominated families led to identification of @entity37188 mutations in four other families, which included two highly probable novel disease-causing variants. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggested that @entity37188 is a major cause of autosomal dominant cone and @entity6391 in Israel; this is similar to other Caucasian populations and is in contrast with @entity6391 ( @entity66 ), where the genetic make-up of the Israeli population is distinct from other ethnic groups. We also conclude that WES permits more comprehensive and rapid analyses that can be followed by targeted screens of larger samples to delineate the genetic structure of @entity989 in unique population cohorts.

title: Whole exome sequencing reveals @entity37188 as a major gene associated with cone and XXXX in Israel.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary rod disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinal disease']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'cone-rod dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive diseases', 'genetic defects']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['cone-rod dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whilst decreases in masticatory muscle function have been linked with increased prevalences of @entity2122 and @entity3232 in @entity1 , the relative susceptibility of the different craniofacial components remains poorly understood. METHODS: Thirty-two wild-type male @entity35 were randomly assigned to two groups (n=16 each), one raised on a soft diet (SD) and the other on a @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ). Body weights and three radiographs (lateral, dorso-ventral, and tibial X-rays) were taken at baseline (T1=23 days old) and every 2 weeks thereafter for 8 weeks (T5=79 days old). The X-ray images were scanned, standardised points were digitised, and linear measurements were calculated. Multilevel statistical models were used to describe longitudinal absolute growth changes and statistically evaluate group differences. Relative maturity curves were generated for each measurement based on the animals' T5 status. The experimental effect was calculated as the absolute and relative growth differences between the @entity3358 and SD groups. RESULTS: The @entity3358 group was significantly heavier than the SD group at T5, but no differences in tibial length were observed. Eight of the 20 craniofacial measurements (40%) showed significant size differences at the end of the experiment, with the SD group showing deficiencies in each instance. All of the vertical measurements, as well as most of the mandibular (67%) and transverse (67%) measures, showed @entity851 in the SD group. Relative maturity curves demonstrated considerable variation among craniofacial structures (ranging from 42 to 98%). The neurocranial measures were the most mature; the mandibular measures were the least mature; the viscerocranial measures, which were most variable, tended to be intermediate. Whilst unrelated to the absolute experimental effect, the structures' relative maturity explained almost 70% (r=-0.82) of the relative experimental effect. CONCLUSION: The results of this study support the notion that masticatory function is a key determinant of the craniofacial growth pattern and that its effects are modulated by the relative growth potential of the different craniofacial components.

title: Maturational and functional related differences in XXXX craniofacial growth.

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial dysmorphology']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['absolute growth deficits']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2968 ( @entity2968 ) is a benign but locally aggressive @entity5 . @entity2967 of the spine (GCTS) accounts for 3-6 % of @entity2968 . Surgery remains the treatment of choice. For those not suitable for surgery, therapeutic radiotherapy (RT) is one classic modality. Although there are several articles on therapeutic RT for GCTS therapy, few systemic reviews have been performed on effects of therapeutic RT on GCTS. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We searched EMBASE and Medline databases for papers reporting therapeutic radiotherapy for GCTS @entity1 not suitable for surgical resection. The inclusion criteria and prognosis indicators have been defined prior to data extraction. Information of the included @entity1 has been discreetly recorded. We analyzed the prognosis of therapeutic RT and multiple data concerning the GCTS @entity1 . The indicators for prognosis were computed by SPSS software. The local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rate was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. p values  <=0.5 were considered statistically significant. RESULT: We included 13 studies comprising 42 @entity1 who received therapeutic radiotherapy with doses ranging from 21 to 80 Gy. The results suggested a response rate of 100 %, OS of 97.6 %, 1-year local control rate (LC) of 85.4 %, 2-year LC rate of 80.2 %, and overall LC of 79 %. No @entity1 reported malignant transformation albeit four had @entity16 . Four had distant metastasis of the @entity5 . @entity1 with previously repeated recurrence had worse prognosis after RT (p = 0.028). No association between dosage and prognosis was found. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic RT could provide a satisfactory prognosis for GCTS @entity1 according to this study, and can be an alternative treatment modality for GCTS @entity1 not suitable for surgery.

title: Therapeutic radiotherapy for XXXX of the spine: a systemic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2968 :: ('MESH:D018212', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell tumor of the bone', 'GCTB']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['post-RT neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['Giant cell tumor']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of mean platelet volume ( @entity6688 ) on the intracoronary @entity715 burden and short-term mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: Platelets play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity453 . @entity6688 has been reported to be an indicator of platelet reactivity. METHODS: A total of 649 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 who underwent primary PCI between January 2008 and December 2013 were enrolled and divided into two groups based on the @entity715 burden: the large @entity715 burden (LTB) group and the small @entity715 burden (STB) group. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality at 30 days. RESULT: The LTB group had significantly higher admission @entity6688 compared with the STB group (10.77        1.22 vs. 9.95        1.03, P   <   0.001). The cumulative 30-day all-cause mortality rate was significantly higher in the groups with high @entity6688 and LTB (9.8% vs. 2.5%, P   <   0.001, 8.6% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.036, respectively). In a receiver operating characteristics analysis, @entity6688   >=    10.2 predicted LTB with 73.5% sensitivity and 68.9% specificity. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated @entity6688 was an independent predictor of large intracoronary @entity715 burden (OR 1.794, 95% CI 1.533 to 2.100, P   <   0.001) and 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 1.408, 95% CI 1.040 to 1.906, P   =   0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Increased @entity6688 at admission is an independent predictor of large intracoronary @entity715 burden and short-term mortality. It may be a useful biomarker for risk stratification in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing primary PCI.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Association of mean platelet volume with angiographic XXXX burden and short-term mortality in @entity1 with @entity583 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: We have studied the influence of a chronic administration of the @entity750 (2A/2C) receptor antagonist @entity6009 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the @entity750 (1A) receptor antagonist @entity16644 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combinations with @entity53 (0.5 mg per animal, i.m.) for 14 days on the @entity146 and expression of @entity5019 protein in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus in adult ovariectomized (OVX) female @entity35 . The @entity308 in @entity35 was modeled by the Porsolt test. The @entity5019 protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus was determined using immunohistochemical techniques. In the Porsolt test, @entity53 in OVX @entity35 reduced the immobilization time to some extent. @entity6009 alone significantly decreased the immobilization time in OVX @entity35 . The chronic administration of @entity6009 in combination with @entity53 in OVX females potentiated the antidepressant effect of @entity6009 . At the same time, @entity6009 administration led to a significant decrease in the level of @entity5019 protein in the hypothalamus in OVX @entity35 as compared to the intact control. These results are indicative of a substantial interaction between the ovarian hormonal system and the serotoninergic brain system involved the mechanisms of @entity308 .

title: [Effects of antagonists of 1A and 2A/2C subtypes of @entity750 receptors on the @entity146 and expression of @entity5019 protein in hypothalamus of ovariectomized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity6009 :: ('MESH:D007650', 'Chemical') :: ['Ketanserin', 'ketanserin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The effects of recombinant @entity1 @entity1261 ( @entity7420 ) on the recovery of peripheral blood neutrophil counts and resistance to i.p. infection by @entity796 were studied using a @entity19 bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model. A severe @entity1398 period continued in the BMT @entity19 for greater than 9 days following BMT. In contrast, the number of peripheral blood neutrophils in the BMT @entity19 that received a daily administration of 2.5 micrograms of @entity7420 following BMT returned to normal by day 9. Thus, @entity7420 accelerated the recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophil counts in BMT mice. Anti- @entity796 resistance of the control BMT @entity19 examined on days 7, 9, and 11 following BMT was one fifteenth to one fiftieth of normal @entity19 , as indicated by the LD50 value. The anti- @entity796 resistance was elevated six- to sevenfold by the @entity7420 treatment. A marked increase in the neutrophils exudating into the peritoneal cavity in response to casein injection was observed in the @entity7420 -treated BMT @entity19 . In addition, the reduced @entity224 generative and phagocytic activity of the peritoneal neutrophils of the BMT @entity19 were restored to normal by the @entity7420 treatment. It is suggested that @entity7420 potentiated anti- @entity796 resistance of the BMT @entity19 by increasing neutrophils migrating to the infection site and restoring their functions; this may result from a prompt recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophil level together with the effect on neutrophil functions. These results indicate the clinical usefulness of @entity7420 in applications for BMT.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity1 XXXX on the @entity19 receiving bone marrow transplantation following lethal irradiation: acceleration of recovery of the peripheral blood neutrophils and potentiation of anti- @entity796 resistance.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'Pseudomonas']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of injury and associated morbidity/mortality related to @entity1545 . METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 and adolescents treated between 1993 and 2005 was performed. @entity1 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes within an institutional pediatric trauma registry. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-six @entity1 with @entity1317 were identified. Those with @entity130 isolated to the digits and unspecified vessels were excluded (n = 73). The remaining 103 @entity1 were evaluable and are the basis for subsequent comparisons. Seventy-four percent of @entity130 occurred in male @entity1 . The average age of the male @entity1 was 11.3 years and that of the female @entity1 was 9.1 years (range, 1-18 years; overall, 10.7 years). Penetrating wounds caused 68% of the @entity130 , followed by @entity130 (31%) and burns (0.97%). Anatomical locations of injury included the head/neck (19.4%), torso (13.5%), and extremities (67%). Amputation was required in 11 (10.7%) @entity1 . The average hospital length of stay of the @entity1 was 12.1 days (range, 1-155 days). The overall mortality was 9.7%. Nonoperative management was given to 9.7% of the @entity1 ; one @entity204 caused by @entity130 occurred. Overall, 24 @entity1 underwent arteriography, with 1 @entity1 receiving definitive treatment in interventional radiology. Of the 103 @entity1 , 29.1% were managed by pediatric surgeons, 38.8% were managed by extremity specialists, 17% were managed by vascular surgeons, 5.8% were managed by neurosurgeons, and 9.3% were managed by others. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the available multidisciplinary diagnostic and treatment modalities at tertiary care pediatric trauma centers, traumatic @entity1317 in @entity1 and adolescents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in contemporary surgical practice.

title: XXXX : patterns of injury, morbidity, and mortality.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric vascular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'injuries', 'carotid injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Pediatric vascular injuries']


abstract: We randomly assigned 39 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent generalized @entity1737 to treatment with @entity205 (5 mg/kg per body weight in divided doses) or placebo. Duration of treatment was 6 months. @entity1 were evaluated monthly. Primary measures of efficacy were quantified strength testing, antihuman @entity934 receptor antibody titer, and dosage of corticosteroid medication. At the end of the study, @entity1 in the @entity205 group had significantly greater improvement in strength (p = 0.004) and a reduction in antireceptor antibody titer (p = 0.01). Percentage reduction of @entity134 medication was greater in the @entity205 group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). There were no treatment failures, and there was one drug failure in the @entity205 group. In the placebo group, there were three treatment failures. No significant nephrotoxicity was noted at this dosage during the first 6 months. During the subsequent 18 months of open-label therapy, continued reduction in @entity134 dosage occurred. Cumulative side effects, however, caused 35% of @entity1 to discontinue the medication; 10% did so secondary to slowly progressive nephrotoxicity.

title: A clinical therapeutic trial of @entity205 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared the postoperative analgesic efficacy of caudal @entity1343 with @entity1341 in pediatric subumbilical surgery. METHODS: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists I-II @entity1 scheduled for elective minor surgery (1.5-7 years old) were randomly divided into three groups to receive caudal injections of study drugs at 0.5 ml/kg. All @entity1 received 0.1 mg/kg oral @entity1363 30 min before surgery. Group B received 0.125% @entity1341 , group L received 0.125% @entity1343 , and group LF received 0.125% @entity1343 + 0.5   g/kg @entity3575 . Blood pressure, heart rate and sedation (using a four-scale sedation score) were monitored perioperatively. During the postoperative period, an anesthesiologist blinded to the study groups used the @entity1 's and @entity1 ' Postoperative Pain Scale to monitor @entity1 ' @entity158 and degree of sedation. The time before the first rescue analgesic was recorded as well as any side effects over the next 24 h. RESULTS: The four-scale sedation and @entity282 scale scores in all groups were identical. Blood pressure and heart rate measured at 15 min postoperatively were lower, and time to first rescue analgesic was longer, in Group LF compared to the others. CONCLUSIONS: Caudal 0.5 ml/kg of 0.125% @entity1341 and @entity1343 are equally effective for postoperative @entity1337 after subumbilical surgeries in pediatric @entity1 . Addition of @entity3575 may lower the required amount of local anesthetics.

title: A randomized-controlled, double-blind comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of caudal XXXX and @entity1343 in minor pediatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a new technique of craniospinal irradiation as a postoperative prophylactic treatment in @entity1 with @entity9128 being at risk for relapse. @entity1 AND METHODS: In the last 3 years, 9 pediatric @entity1 under 15 years of age with grade 2-4 @entity424 located infratentorially received postoperative craniospinal @entity2270 radiotherapy by a new technique developed in our department. This technique was based on a proper usage of the asymmetric jaws of the linear accelerator. In whole brain and cervical spine irradiation (with the caudal border at C3-C4 level), two opposite lateral fields were chosen with shielding blocks of the eye bulbs and the face part of the scull. The spinal cord was irradiated from C3 to S2-4 with two direct radiation fields using asymmetric jaws as well. Doses of 35 Gy to the whole craniospinal @entity2270 and 54 Gy to the @entity5 bed were delivered. In cases of @entity41 doses were increased up to 58-60 Gy. RESULTS: Radiotherapy was well tolerated and dose reduction was not needed in any case. Skin reactions were mild in all @entity1 . The @entity1503 were also mild to moderate (World Health Organization - WHO grade 1-2). Four @entity1 also received postirradiation chemotherapy because of large @entity5 size and unfavorable histology. Six @entity1 entered clinical and imaging complete remission (CR) for a median of 22 months (range 14-30 months). The evaluation of the effectiveness of the method was limited by the short follow-up interval. CONCLUSION: The proposed new technique of craniospinal irradiation in the postoperative management of @entity424 is advantageous in terms of side effects and could be recommended for wide usage.

title: The technique of craniospinal irradiation in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity9128 :: ('MESH:C531673', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymomas', 'highrisk ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and hematological toxicity']

answer: @entity9128 :: (MESH:C531673,Disease) :: ['intracranial ependymomas']


abstract: The ability of antigen to contract passively sensitized tissues was examined in @entity1 central (5 to 12 mm) and peripheral (0.5 to 2 mm) bronchi. Both central and peripheral bronchi contracted to ragweed antigen E (RW AgE), and these contractions were virtually abolished by a combination of @entity3352 , @entity26510 , and @entity112 antagonists. There were, however, quantitative differences in contractile responses and in mediator release to RW AgE between central and peripheral bronchi. RW AgE was approximately 20-fold more potent in contracting peripheral bronchi compared with central bronchi. On a per weight of tissue basis, RW AgE released six-fold more @entity112 , 15- to 20-fold more immunoreactive leukotriene D4 (i-LTD4) and two- to 10-fold more prostanoids in the peripheral bronchi compared with central bronchi. Anti-IgE mimicked the effect of RW AgE with respect to inflammatory mediator release and with respect to the magnitude of the contractile response in peripheral and central bronchi. Anti-IgE, however, was more potent in contracting central than peripheral bronchi. Moreover, in peripheral bronchi, contractile responses to anti-IgE were only partially inhibited by a combination of @entity3352 , @entity26510 , and @entity112 antagonists. These results indicate that the qualitative characteristics of antigen-induced mediator release and muscle contraction are similar in central versus peripheral bronchi. However, RW AgE is much more potent in causing smooth muscle constriction, and is capable of releasing a greater quantity of inflammatory mediators in peripheral bronchi/bronchioles than in the more central bronchi.

title: Ragweed antigen E and anti-IgE in XXXX central versus peripheral isolated bronchi.

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity26510 :: ('MESH:C112381', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl-leukotriene']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetics of spikelet formation, a feature unique to grasses such as @entity579 and @entity2829 , is yet to be fully understood, although a number of meristem and organ identity mutants have been isolated and investigated in @entity958 and @entity2829 . Using a two-element Ac/Ds transposon tagging system we have isolated a @entity579 mutant, designated branched floretless 1 (bfl1) which is defective in the transition from spikelet meristem to floret meristem. RESULTS: The bfl1 mutant shows normal differentiation of the primary rachis-branches leading to initial spikelet meristem (bract-like structure equivalent to rudimentary glumes) formation but fails to develop empty glumes and florets. Instead, axillary meristems in the bract-like structure produce sequential alternate branching, thus resulting in a coral shaped morphology of the branches in the developing panicle. The bfl1 mutant harbours a single Ds insertion in the upstream region of the BFL1 gene on chromosome 7 corresponding to PAC clone P0625E02 (GenBank Acc No. message URL http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve_db= @entity377 _list_uids=34395191_dopt=GenBank_term=ap004570AP004570). RT-PCR analyses revealed a drastic reduction of BFL1 transcript levels in the bfl1 mutant compared to that in the wild-type. In each of the normal panicle-bearing progeny plants, from occasional revertant seeds of the vegetatively-propagated mutant plant, Ds was shown to be excised from the bfl1 locus. BFL1 contains an EREBP/AP2 domain and is most likely an ortholog of the @entity2829 transcription factor gene BRANCHED SILKLESS1 ( @entity62480 ). CONCLUSIONS: bfl1 is a Ds-tagged @entity579 mutant defective in the transition from spikelet meristem (SM) to floret meristem (FM). BFL1 is most probably a @entity579 ortholog of the @entity2829 ERF (EREBP/AP2) transcription factor gene @entity62480 . Based on the similarities in mutant phenotypes bfl1 is likely to be an allele of the previously reported frizzy panicle locus.

title: Ds tagging of BRANCHED FLORETLESS 1 (BFL1) that mediates the transition from spikelet to floret meristem in XXXX ( @entity579 ).

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The current knowledge on prediction of @entity164 1 @entity6 derives from family studies, as for example the BOX Study in England. Data indicate that first degree relatives with islet cells antibodies > or = 20 JDFu have a 35% risk to develop the disease within 5 years. But sensitivity and specificity of this risk marker are not high enough to allow for population screening. The tools for @entity164 1 @entity6 screening in the background population are not known yet. Cohort studies have been initiated in different countries but the conclusions on the predictive value of risk markers are not ready. It is already established that both genetic and immunological markers will be necessary to identify individuals with an increased risk in the general population. Evaluation of cost/benefit ratio varies with the strategy for @entity164 1 @entity6 screening. The ENDIT project can be taken as an example. It is an international trial using @entity4571 for the prevention of the overt phase of @entity164 1 @entity6 in high immunological risk individuals. To implement this model in first degree relatives is feasible and realistic and does not generate additional costs. Conversely the extension of this model to the background population raises many questions such as health structures, additional costs, budget and feasibility... This approach emphasizes the value and the need for epidemiological projects on risk factors of @entity164 1 @entity6 , mainly in the background population, so that new strategies can be rapidly developed when the right preventive treatment is available.

title: [Cost benefit of screening for type 1 XXXX . A futuristic scenario].

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: CONTEXT: GH was approved for @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ) in 2000. Fatalities in individuals with @entity6038 soon after beginning GH treatment prompted concern about GH worsening @entity387 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether GH affects @entity387 in individuals with @entity6038 . DESIGN: Twenty-five @entity1 with @entity6038 had overnight polysomnography (PSA) at baseline and 6 wk after starting GH. SETTING: The study was conducted in a sleep lab using a standardized procedure. @entity1 : The @entity1 studied had genetically confirmed @entity6038 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PSA results were analyzed for frequency and severity of central and obstructive @entity386 / @entity387 events and total @entity386 / @entity387 index. RESULTS: As a group, GH improved @entity386 / @entity387 index by a mean of 1.2 events per hour (P = 0.02) and central events by a median of 1.7 events per hour (P < 0.001). Fourteen @entity1 had improvement in obstructive events by a mean of 1.7 events per hour. Six @entity1 had worsening of obstructive events on GH. Four of these @entity1 had @entity1729 at the time of the second PSA and had tonsil/ @entity1184 on otorhinolaryngological evaluation. Two @entity1 with high serum @entity442 levels had increased obstructive events. CONCLUSIONS: Most of our @entity6038 @entity1 had improvement after short-term GH treatment, but 32% had worsening of @entity25 . A subset of @entity6038 @entity1 are at risk during this window of vulnerability shortly after initiation of GH. Because it is difficult to predict who will worsen with GH, @entity1 with @entity6038 should have PSA before and after starting GH and should be monitored for @entity387 with @entity1729 . Otorhinolaryngological evaluation is warranted if @entity387 worsens on GH. @entity442 levels should be monitored, with the goal being physiological levels.

title: Short-term effects of growth hormone on @entity25 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi Syndrome', 'PWS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity6038 :: (MESH:D011218,Disease) :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2106 is characterized by microvascular platelet clumping resulting in @entity882 , microangiopathic @entity2142 , @entity16 , and @entity8 . Similar manifestations also occur in @entity1 with the @entity1381 or other @entity74 . Recent studies demonstrate that severe @entity2880 factor cleaving metalloprotease, @entity2105 , causes @entity2106 . Aim of our study was to characterize gene defects causing @entity74 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated nine @entity1 with recurrent @entity66 with familiar origin and twelve relatives. Samples were taken in a remission of disease. We measured activity of @entity2105 ( @entity2105 ) with modified method of the quantitative immunoblotting of degraded @entity2881 multimers. Mutation screening was carried out by sequencing all 29 exons and flanking intron regions of the @entity2105 gene. Five distinct mutations were found. Three of them are novel. CONCLUSIONS: Mutation analysis of the @entity2105 gene brought interesting results in eight @entity1 . We found a one single base frameshift insertion, @entity60515 in 8 of 9 unrelated individuals. This investigation represents an advantage in the differential diagnosis of disease since the @entity2106 phenotype in childhood can be variable and rapid detection of mutation is helpful for the recurrence prevention.

title: [Hereditary form of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type of disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of the von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormality']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited type of disease', 'types of disorders']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity32 plays a role in @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) prognosis and symptoms. We investigated the roles of the new and old inflammatory indexes and markers in @entity3620 prognosis. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-two @entity3620 @entity1 (167 male and 125 female) were included in this retrospective study. Demographic parameters were collected from the @entity1 ' files. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for the analysis of prognosis. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 58.4  years. The mean survival time was 14.6      13.0  months. Twenty-four potential prognostic factors associated with a poor outcome were calculated in the univariate analysis, and 16 potential prognostic factors were associated with a poor prognosis. These 16 potential prognostic factors were also analyzed in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed that increased age, stage 3-4 disease, the non-epithelial type, a low Karnofsky performance score, a high white blood cell count, and a low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were associated with a poor prognosis. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that a decreased LMR was associated with poor survival. @entity1 with LMR <= 2.6 had poor survival compared with those with LMR >2.6 (mean 9.6 vs. 17.0  months, respectively; p  =  0.004). CONCLUSIONS: LMR is an independent marker of prognosis in @entity1 with @entity3620 and is superior to the other inflammation-based markers. The inexpensive nature and easy reproducibility of the hemogram should encourage the use of the LMR in clinical practice.

title: Prognostic value of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and other inflammatory markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: A 29 year-old @entity1 was admitted for surgery because of two breast lumps. One of these was suspicious for @entity5 by a mammogram and palpation. When her history was taken, the @entity1 mentioned putrid vaginal discharge and denied any previous gynaecologic examination. After initial hesitancy, the @entity1 agreed to have a pelvic examination. This revealed an oxydized @entity68 rod protruding 2 cm out of the vagina. The object was identified by x-ray examination as one handle of @entity68 forceps often used for cutting metal wires. The @entity1 had been carrying this foreign body for fifteen years. She was not willing to relate any information about the cause of the manipulation or any eventual culprit. She was consistent and her personality was dominated by introverted behaviour. The foreign body was removed under the same anaesthesia as that used for the operation on the @entity0 .

title: [An unusual case: vaginal foreign body (forceps) as an incidental finding during primary operation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transcatheter @entity2478 (TPVLC) offers a viable alternative to reoperation but optimal technical strategy is still to be defined. We present a prospective TPVLC registry in which safety and efficacy of multi-plug, single-stage approach were assessed. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) symptoms caused by PVL were qualified for TPVLC by Heart Team. Ante- or retrograde access was employed for mitral while retrograde only for aortic PVLs. Two to 4 AVP 3 devices were simultaneously implanted into each PVL. Endpoints were defined according to VARC-2. RESULTS: From 64 referred @entity1 49, with either mechanical valves (n   =   30) or stented bioprostheses, were eligible for TPVLC. PVL location was mitral (n   =   29) or aortic (n   =   20). In aortic group @entity697 ( @entity697 ) ratio was 100% and no MACCEs occurred. In mitral group, first-attempt TPVLC was successful in 22 cases (4/4 in transapical and 18/25 in transseptal access). Second-attempt transapical procedure followed transseptal failure in 5 @entity1 . Mitral TPVLC ultimately proved efficient in 89.7% with 76.5% @entity697 . Cumulatively, TPVLC was accomplished in 46 subjects (93.9%) with 78% @entity697 . When successful, it led to a significant decrease of NT-proBNP concentration and @entity712 symptoms regression. Periprocedural safety endpoints were met in three @entity1 and included non-disabling @entity64 , and two access site-related complications. In device failure group two @entity1 died (end-stage @entity712 ) and two others were rehospitalized. CONCLUSION: TPVLC with simultaneous deployment of multiple AVP III occluders is feasible with high device success rate and no significant periprocedural complications. The clinical benefits of reduction of @entity712 symptoms and @entity2142 are evident after 30 days and persist up to 1 year without recurrence of PVL.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Multiplug XXXX using Amplatzer Vascular Plugs III: A prospective registry.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'acute procedural success']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['paravalvular leak closure']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['paravalvular leak closure']


abstract: Identification of specific and primary chromosomal alterations during the course of neoplastic development is an essential part of defining the genetic basis of @entity5 . We have developed a transgenic @entity19 model for @entity96 in which chromosomal lesions associated with both the initial stages of the @entity5 and the acquisition of malignancy can be analyzed. Here we analyze chromosomal alterations in 11 @entity157 from the c-myc/ @entity13898 double- @entity19 by fluorescent in situ hybridization with whole chromosome probes, single-copy genes, and @entity14939 ( @entity14939 -) and G-banded chromosomes and report nonrandom cytogenetic alterations associated with the @entity5 development. All @entity5 were @entity2007 and exhibited nonrandom structural and numerical alterations. A balanced translocation t(5:6)(G1;F2) was identified by two-color fluorescent in situ hybridization in all @entity5 , and, using a genomic probe, the c-myc transgene was localized near the breakpoint on derivative chromosome der 6. @entity2319 was observed in all @entity5 with nonrandom breakage in band C2. Deletions of chromosome 1 were observed in 80% of the @entity5 , with the most frequent deletion at the border of bands C4 and C5. An entire copy of chromosome 7 was lost in 80% of the @entity5 cells. Eighty-five percent of the @entity5 cells had lost one copy of chromosome 12, and the most common breakpoint on chromosome 12 occurred at band D3 (28%). A copy of chromosome 14 was lost in 72%, and band @entity19 was deleted in 32% of the @entity5 cells. The X chromosome was lost in the majority of the @entity5 cells. The most frequent deletion on the X chromosome involved band F1. We have previously shown that breakages of chromosomes 1, 6, 7, and 12 were observed before the appearance of morphologically distinct neoplastic @entity409 in this transgenic @entity19 model. Thus breakpoints on chromosome 4, 9, 14, and X appear to be later events in this model of @entity96 . This is the first study to demonstrate that specific sites of chromosomal breakage observed during a period of chromosomal instability in early stages of @entity105 are later involved in stable rearrangements in solid @entity5 . The identification of the 5;6 translocation in all of the @entity5 has a special significance, being the first balanced translocation reported in @entity1 and @entity19 @entity157 and having the breakpoint near a @entity5 susceptibility gene and myc transgene site of integration. Moreover, its early occurrence indicates that this is a primary and relevant alteration to the initiation of the @entity5 . In addition, the concordance between the breakpoints observed during the early @entity6349 stage of hepatocarcinogenesis and the stable deletions of chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, and 12 in the @entity5 provides evidence for preferential site of genetic changes in hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Nonrandom cytogenetic alterations in @entity157 from XXXX overexpressing c-Myc and transforming growth factor-alpha in the liver.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['14E1', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Partial or complete loss of chromosome 4']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ['DAPI', "4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole"]

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health previously conducted a retrospective @entity5 incidence and mortality study of workers employed at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant. Compared with New York State incidence, the @entity150 risk was 6.5  times higher for workers considered to have definite exposure to @entity42948 and @entity9308 , and 4  times higher for workers with possible exposure. Exposure characterization in the original study utilized a surrogate measure based only on departments in which each worker was ever employed. As part of an update of that study, some departments in the three original exposure groups were reclassified based on a follow-up site visit; interviews with employees, management, and union representatives; and review of records including exposure data. An additional evaluation of department-job combinations, rather than only departments, was used to stratify exposure into four categories. An approximate rank of "relative" exposure level for each department-job-year combination was also assigned using a ranking scale of 0 to 10. The ranks were supported by quantitative exposure levels and by professional judgment. The numerical ranking scale was applied to each worker by multiplying the exposure rank by duration for each job held based on comprehensive individual work histories. The cumulative rank scores for this cohort ranged from 0 to 300 unit-years. The medians of the cumulative rank scores for the exposure categories showed very good agreement with increasing exposure classifications (e.g., 0.72, 4.6, 11, 14 unit-years for the four exposure categories). Workers' breathing zone air sampling data collected at this plant from 1976-2004 were well below published occupational exposure limits for these chemicals, but additional cases of @entity150 have been reported. The exposure assessment revisions and rank estimates will be used to analyze the updated @entity150 incidence data.

title: Exposure to @entity42948 , XXXX , and nitrobenzene in a rubber chemical manufacturing plant: a retrospective exposure assessment update.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity42948 :: ('MESH:C023622', 'Chemical') :: ['ortho-toluidine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity9308 :: (MESH:C023650,Chemical) :: ['aniline']


abstract: Over five years the applicability of a modified Glasgow @entity772 Scale was analysed in 38 @entity1 (mean age 7.2 +/- 3.8 years) with head and associated injuries (47.4%). The score was estimated after the accident and in the course of intensive therapy. At the beginning of the treatment on the intensive care unit, the cases were staged according to the severity of the @entity542 (Glasgow @entity772 Scale: 4-8, 9-12 and 13-19 points). At the stage evaluated as between 4 and 8 points, 50% of the @entity1 died and the survivors were ventilated (11.7 +/- 10.7 days) and intensively treated (45.7 +/- 31.5 days). All @entity1 had had @entity16 . @entity130 worsened the prognosis in the acute phase. 42.9% of the @entity1 received intracranial pressure monitoring. In the @entity1 between 9 and 12 points, the time of ventilation (3.7 +/- 2.9 days) and of intensive therapy (19.5 +/- 13.3 days) decreased. Over 13 points, all @entity1 had a shorter duration of treatment (10.8 +/- 8.8 days) and a quick and good recovery. The Glasgow @entity772 Scale has the advantage of an examination with a quantitative analysis and resulting effective diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Even the inexperienced physician can use the Glasgow @entity772 Scale with success at the site of the accident.

title: [Use of the Glasgow @entity772 Scale in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Additional injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['craniocerebral trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the potential benefits of continuous monitoring of prostate position and intervention (CMI) using 2-mm displacement thresholds during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) treatment to those of a conventional image-guided procedure involving single localization prior to treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eighty-nine @entity1 accrued to a prostate SBRT dose escalation protocol were implanted with radiofrequency transponder beacons. The planning target volume ( @entity343 ) margin was 5 mm in all directions, except for 3 mm in the posterior direction. The prostate was kept within 2 mm of its planned position by the therapists halting dose delivery and, if necessary, correcting the couch position. We computed the number, type, and time required for interventions and where the prostate would have been during dose delivery had there been, instead, a single image-guided setup procedure prior to each treatment. Distributions of prostate displacements were computed as a function of time. RESULTS: After the initial setup, 1.7 interventions per fraction were required, with a concomitant increase in time for dose delivery of approximately 65 seconds. Small systematic drifts in prostate position in the posterior and inferior directions were observed in the study @entity1 . Without CMI, intrafractional motion would have resulted in approximately 10% of @entity1 having a delivered dose that did not meet our clinical coverage requirement, that is, a @entity343 D95 of >90%. The posterior @entity343 margin required for 95% of the dose to be delivered with the target positioned within the @entity343 was computed as a function of time. The margin necessary was found to increase by 2 mm every 5 minutes, starting from the time of the imaging procedure. CONCLUSIONS: CMI using a tight 2-mm displacement threshold was not only feasible but was found to deliver superior @entity343 coverage compared with the conventional image-guided procedure in the SBRT setting.

title: Continuous Monitoring and Intrafraction Target Position Correction During Treatment Improves Target Coverage for XXXX Undergoing SBRT Prostate Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate fluoroscopic-assisted insertion of self-expanding metallic stents before surgery or for palliative treatment of soft tissue @entity14 . Materials and methods. From January 1999 to October 2000, 18 consecutive @entity1 with @entity14 were included in the study. Treatment with self-expanding metallic stent was either the first line of treatment before surgery (n=8) (group I) or purely palliative (n=10) (group II). @entity850 was located proximal to the sigmoid in seven cases. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in 83.3% of cases and colic decompression was observed after 48 hours in all @entity1 with a stent. Thirty days mortality and stent related complications were respectively 0% and 37.5% for group I, and 20% and 50% for group II. All complications were minor except for one colic perforation by a guidewire. CONCLUSION: Stent insertion was effective and provided relief of colic obstruction in the majority of cases. Randomized studies would be necessary to demonstrate a definitive reduction in mortality and morbidity with this technique as compared to the classical surgical approach.

title: [Treatement of XXXX with self-expanding metallic stents under fluoroscopic guidance].

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Colic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal obstruction']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal obstruction']


abstract: To evaluate expression of heterotrimeric @entity3007 ( @entity3007 )-binding proteins (G proteins) in @entity1 myeloid cells, we studied expression at the protein level of their alpha subunits (G alpha, the subunits responsible for the name and specificity of G proteins) in normal @entity1 myeloid progenitors and mature blood cells. We found that G alpha(s), G alpha(i2), and G alpha(q/11) proteins were expressed at high levels at all stages of granulomonocytic and erythroid differentiation, whereas expression of @entity23979 and @entity12995 proteins in normal myeloid cells was lineage-specific. @entity23979 proteins were expressed in erythroid progenitors, monocytes, and platelets, but not in normal granulocytic cells. This lineage specificity was lost in @entity1778 cells: @entity23979 proteins were found in @entity1 @entity1778 cells of both granulocytic and erythroid lineages. @entity12995 proteins were revealed in myeloid cells as two bands (43 and 46 kD), implying that @entity12995 exist in short and long forms. The 43-kD form was predominant in normal granulomonocytic cells, whereas erythroid progenitors and platelets expressed mostly the 46-kD form. Both forms of @entity12995 proteins varied during cell differentiation: in normal hematopoietic cells, @entity12995 protein expression was high in CD34+ cells, then decreased sharply during granulocytic and erythroid differentiation. In @entity1778 granulocytic HL60 and @entity1 cells, downregulation of @entity12995 proteins was an early event (8 hours) in the process of neutrophil differentiation; in contrast, expression of @entity12995 proteins remained high during normal monocytic differentiation and in HL60 cells differentiating into monocytes with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) or @entity379 . Finally, we found that primary @entity2800 blasts, as well as @entity1778 cell lines, expressed @entity12995 proteins at levels higher than those found in normal CD34+ progenitors. These observations suggest that it would be worthwhile to investigate a possible role for @entity23979 and @entity12995 proteins in the regulation of @entity1 myelopoiesis.

title: Specific expression of heterotrimeric G proteins G12 and G16 during XXXX myeloid differentiation.

entities_list: @entity3007 :: ('MESH:D006160', 'Chemical') :: ['guanosine triphosphate', 'GTP']

entities_list: @entity2800 :: ('MESH:D007951', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['gamma-interferon (IFNgamma)']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab has been extensively investigated in combination with various standard chemotherapies in the treatment of metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, a comparison to @entity2600 + infusional @entity1487 / @entity4181 (FOLFIRI) is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adding bevacizumab to a regimen of FOLFIRI for the first-line treatment of mCRC in the Republic of Korea by conducting an indirect treatment comparison. METHODS: A health-economic model was developed to investigate the possible health outcomes (life-years gained [LYG]), direct costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of adding bevacizumab to a FOLFIRI regimen. Data on progression-free and overall survival were derived from randomized clinical trials and were used in the indirect treatment comparison. The annual discount rate for costs and outcomes was 5%. A lifetime horizon of 8 years was used. Sensitivity analyses were carried out on all pivotal model assumptions. RESULTS: Incremental mean overall survival among @entity1 treated with bevacizumab + FOLFIRI varied between 8.6 and 15.7 months compared with @entity1 treated with FOLFIRI alone. The deterministic base-case result was 1.177 LYG. The discounted ICERs ranged from  31.8 to  39.5 million/LYG, with the base-case result being  34.5 million/LYG. Treatment effect had the most impact on the outcomes in this model. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is no formal threshold for ICER per LYG in Korea, funding may be considered for bevacizumab + FOLFIRI, particularly if the severity and end-of-life nature of mCRC is taken into account.

title: Clinical and cost effectiveness of bevacizumab + FOLFIRI combination versus FOLFIRI alone as first-line treatment of metastatic XXXX in South Korea.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: @entity704 are very rare @entity5 that are often associated with extrathoracic @entity3 to other organs. However, it is well known that @entity704 rarely metastasize to the spine, and the prognosis, treatment, and natural course of this disease are not yet standardized. METHODS: We describe seven @entity704 @entity1 with spinal @entity3 who were diagnosed and treated in our institute from January 2006 to December 2011. We performed surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, in consideration of each individual disease's course, and we regularly followed up the @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the seven @entity1 , five were male and two were female. Six had @entity3 in the thoracic spine, and one had @entity3 in the lumbar spine. An extradural lesion was found in five @entity1 , and two @entity1 had both extradural and intradural lesions. The period from the primary diagnosis to spinal @entity3 varied widely (range, 1.23-14 years). After surgery, all @entity1 showed an improvement of back @entity158 and @entity158 . Two @entity1 were lost to follow-up, but the other five maintained ambulatory function until their final follow-up. Four @entity1 died because of @entity358 accompanied with the disease's progression. One @entity1 died from uncontrolled brain @entity3 . After surgery, the median survival was 204  111.43 days. CONCLUSION: Because @entity3 to the spine from @entity704 is very rare, there are no treatment guidelines. Nevertheless, we suggest that appropriate surgical management of the metastatic lesion is necessary for the preservation of the @entity1 's quality of life during survival.

title: Spinal XXXX of @entity704 as a rare manifestation: a summary of 7 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymic carcinomas', 'Thymic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: It is unknown whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) predicts outcome depending on implanted stent type. We investigated the prognostic value of hs-CRP in relation to type of stent implanted in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Immediately before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI), 301 @entity1 had blood drawn. @entity1 were categorized according to hs-CRP levels and combination of hs-CRP ( <=2 vs >2 mg/L) and stent type (bare metal stent [BMS] vs drug-eluting stent [DES]). Hs- @entity13228 mg/L (median, hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 5.6, p = 0.007) and the combined variable of hs- @entity13228 mg/L and BMS (hazard ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 4.5, p = 0.006) independently predicted the composite end point of @entity204 and MI at 36-month follow-up. There was a significant interaction (p = 0.006) for hs-CRP and stent type. Survival analysis demonstrated significant differences for occurrence of @entity204 and MI: 4.8% in BMS + @entity13228 mg/L, 11.9% in DES + @entity13228 mg/L, 17.6% in @entity4743 + @entity13228 mg/L, and 27.9% in BMS + @entity13228 mg/L. None of the 14 stent @entity715 occurred in @entity1 with BMS + @entity13228 mg/L. In conclusion, preprocedure hs-CRP predicts outcome after pPCI in @entity1 with @entity583 . Our hypothesis-generating data indicate that BMS implantation should be preferred when hs-CRP is  <=2 mg/L and DES when hs-CRP is >2 mg/L to decrease long-term adverse outcomes including stent @entity715 in @entity1 with @entity583 treated with pPCI. These findings need confirmation in larger randomized clinical trials.

title: Usefulness of preprocedure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to predict @entity204 , recurrent XXXX , and stent @entity715 according to stent type in @entity1 with @entity583 randomized to bare metal or drug-eluting stenting during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity356 is the second cause of @entity5 worldwide and the first cause in Chile. Management of this pathology is controversial. AIM: To report the results on morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival rates of surgical treatment of @entity356 , and compare them with those reported in the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Follow up of 423 @entity1 (aged 16 to 88 years, 271 males) operated for a @entity356 between 1996 and 2002. @entity1 were staged with the 5th edition of TNM staging system, and the 2nd edition in English of the Japanese Classification of @entity356 . Morbidity was assessed using the classification of the Memorial Kettering Cancer Center group. Kapplan-Meier method was used to assay survival, and Log rank Test to compare long-term survivals. RESULTS: Resectability of the lesions was 70.4%, and 88% of them corresponded to a curative-intended surgery. Seventy percent of @entity1 were in stage TNM IIIA or higher at the moment of surgery. Mortality in curative intended operated @entity1 was 4.2%, and morbidity was 33.7%. Overall five years survival rate was 33%: In the group with curative intended surgery it was 52%. Two years survival rate in the non intended curative group was 3.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The reported incidence of complications in our series is similar to that reported in the literature. Five year survival rates, morbidity and mortality were comparable to those reported abroad.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX : results in 423 cases].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer death']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer', 'gastric adenocarcinoma', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Tumor invasion and @entity3 is mediated in part by proteolytic enzymes including @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ). The object of this study was to quantitate the molecular expression of @entity2290 -related components in @entity1 superficial and invasive @entity1606 tumors (TCC), as well as parental and invasive variant TCC cell lines. We examined 15 invasive and 14 superficial @entity5 (from a total of 29 @entity1 ) and six @entity150 cell lines for the steady state mRNA levels of @entity2290 , the @entity2290 receptor and @entity2290 inhibitor-1 by quantitative RT-PCR normalized to the L7 ribosomal transcript (a housekeeping gene). Transcript levels were expressed in a ratio to the L7 housekeeping transcript. There was a three fold increase in @entity2290 expression in invasive lesions compared to superficial @entity5 (p < 0.003). In addition, there was a concordant 2.7 fold increase in the @entity2290 receptor transcript in invasive TCC (p < 0.008). However, there was no significant difference in the steady state levels of the @entity2289 mRNA between invasive and superficial @entity5 . Transcript levels for the urokinase-related genes were similar between normal mucosa and superficial @entity5 . Cultured cells (parental and invasive variants) were found to express higher levels of the three @entity2290 -related genes overall. Invasive TCC cells selected by serial passage through a Boyden chamber demonstrated higher levels of @entity2290 , @entity2290 receptor and @entity2289 than parental cells (p < 0.05). These data from the @entity1 @entity5 specimens suggest that increased @entity2290 and @entity10431 expression may be component of the invasive phenotype of @entity5 .

title: The expression of urokinase-related genes in superficial and invasive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TCC lesions', 'TCC tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['urokinase plasminogen activator', 'uPA']

answer: @entity1606 :: (MESH:D002295,Disease) :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']


abstract: Somatic cloning does not always result in ontogeny in mammals, and development is often associated with @entity854 and @entity2085 with a high frequency. This is considered to be due to aberrant gene expression resulting from epigenetic reprogramming errors. However, a fundamental question in this context is whether the @entity851 reported to date are specific to somatic cloning. The aim of this study was to determine the stage of nuclear differentiation during development that leads to @entity851 associated with embryo cloning. In order to address this issue, we reconstructed cloned embryos using four- and eight-cell embryos, morula embryos, inner cell mass (ICM) cells, and embryonic stem cells as donor nuclei and determined the occurrence of abnormalities such as @entity1167 and placentomegaly, which are common characteristics of all @entity19 somatic cell clones. The present analysis revealed that an acute decline in the full-term developmental competence of cloned embryos occurred with the use of four- and eight-cell donor nuclei (22.7% vs. 1.8%) in cases of standard embryo cloning and with morula and ICM donor nuclei (11.4% vs. 6.6%) in serial nuclear transfer. Histological observation showed abnormal differentiation and proliferation of trophoblastic giant cells in the placentae of cloned concepti derived from four-cell to ICM cell donor nuclei. Enlargement of placenta along with excessive proliferation of the spongiotrophoblast layer and glycogen cells was observed in the clones derived from morula embryos and ICM cells. These results revealed that irreversible epigenetic events had already started to occur at the four-cell stage. In addition, the expression of genes involved in placentomegaly is regulated at the blastocyst stage by irreversible epigenetic events, and it could not be reprogrammed by the fusion of nuclei with unfertilized oocytes. Hence, @entity851 such as placentomegaly as well as @entity2085 during development may occur even in cloned embryos reconstructed with nuclei from preimplantation-stage embryos, and these abnormalities are not specific to somatic cloning.

title: Irreversible barrier to the reprogramming of donor cells in cloning with XXXX embryos and embryonic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryo loss']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['developmental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['various abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['developmental arrest']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this open label pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity4677 (LEV) as 'de novo' monotherapy in @entity1 and adolescents with late onset @entity1625 -Gastaut type (COE-G). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 suffering from COE-G were enrolled in this prospective study. The age of @entity410 onset ranged from 6.1 to 16.2 years with a peak of frequency at mean (+/-SD) 10.54 +/- 2.77 years. Therapy with LEV was started at 10 mg/kg/day and, after titration, the final dose was generally achieved within 4 weeks and ranged from 20.7 to 45.2 mg/kg/day. RESULTS: At the 6 month evaluation, 11 (91.6%) of the 12 @entity1 studied were @entity410 free, and one (8.3%) showed four additional episodes. Electroencephalography (EEG) activity was normal in six (54.5%) @entity1 , unchanged in two (18.1%) @entity1 , and in four (33.3%) @entity1 @entity854 persisted. At the 12-month evaluation all @entity1 were completely @entity410 free. Four @entity1 (33.3%) continued to show some EEG abnormalities, while eight (72.8%) @entity1 had normal EEG. At the 18-month evaluation all @entity1 were @entity410 free and 10 @entity1 (83.3%) showed a complete normalization of EEG abnormalities. DISCUSSION: Monotherapy with LEV was effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with COE-G. Nevertheless, prospective, large, long-term double-blind studies are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Levetiracetam monotherapy for XXXX of gastaut.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['childhood occipital epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic occipital abnormalities']

answer: @entity1625 :: (MESH:D004828,Disease) :: ['childhood occipital epilepsy']


abstract: Importance: Several surrogates for @entity263 -specific mortality satisfying the Prentice criteria exist, but whether these are surrogates for all-cause mortality, and how their performance compares, is unknown. Objective: To ascertain and compare the performance of 4 candidate surrogates ( @entity1486 [ @entity1486 ] failure, @entity1486 nadir >0.5 ng/mL, @entity1486 doubling time <9 months, and interval to @entity1486 failure <30 months) for all-cause mortality using the proportion of treatment-effect metric. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : For this randomized clinical trial, 206 @entity1 with unfavorable-risk @entity263 who were seen at a Harvard-affiliated academic hospital or an associated community hospital between December 1, 1995, to April 15, 2001, were identified, randomized to radiation therapy alone or radiation therapy followed by 6 months of @entity342 deprivation therapy, and followed for a median 16.62 years. This analysis looks at the subgroup of 157 @entity1 with minimal comorbidities or no comorbidity (median follow-up, 16.49 months). Interventions: @entity1 were previously randomized to receive radiation therapy or radiation and 6 months of @entity342 deprivation therapy. Main Outcomes and Measures: Risk of all-cause mortality. Results: Overall, a cohort of 157 @entity1 (median [interquartile range] age, 72.43 [68.75-75.53]) with unfavorable-risk @entity263 and minimal or no comorbidities were selected for this study. Three tested metrics met all 4 Prentice criteria for surrogacy for the surrogate covariate in the adjusted model for all-cause mortality: @entity1486 nadir greater than 0.5 ng/mL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.17-2.52; P   =   .01), @entity1486 doubling time less than 9 months (aHR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.29-3.28; P   =   .003), and interval to @entity1486 failure less than 30 months (aHR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.92; P   =   .03); while @entity1486 failure did not. For the 3 successful surrogates, the proportion of treatment effect values were 103.86%, 43.09%, and 41.26%, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: A @entity1486 nadir value of greater than 0.5 ng/mL following radiation and @entity342 deprivation therapy appears to identify @entity1 prior to @entity1486 failure who are at high-risk for @entity204 . This could be used to select @entity1 for entry at the time of @entity1486 nadir onto randomized trials evaluating the impact on survival of salvage @entity342 deprivation therapy with or without agents shown to prolong survival in @entity1 with castrate-resistant metastatic @entity263 . Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00116220.

title: Surrogate End Points for All-Cause Mortality in XXXX With Localized Unfavorable-Risk @entity263 Treated With Radiation Therapy vs Radiation Therapy Plus @entity342 Deprivation Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: An integrated @entity6 Annual Review is described, suitable for the long-term care of large numbers of @entity6 @entity1 . Equal weight is given to dietary and educational assessment as to medical care and screening. Based on well-developed team-work the @entity1 moves through a structured review which culminates in goal setting and planned care for the subsequent year. A structured audit of the review was carried out on a cohort of 123 @entity1 of whom 67 had had two annual reviews. Ten @entity1 failed to attend. Knowledge scores improved by 44% between first and second reviews. In 34% of @entity1 in the first year and in 46% in year two, HbA1c levels were outside a target range set for each treatment group, but only 18% had results outside target in both years. A postal questionnaire was returned by 74/108 (69%) @entity1 . This indicated a high level of @entity1 participation and satisfaction with the review process. The @entity6 team set standards, conducted the review, and subsequently changed in-house working practices and documentation, and developed in-service training.

title: The XXXX annual review as an educational tool: assessment and learning integrated with care, screening, and audit. The North Tyneside @entity6 Team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The effects of three putative 5-HT1A receptor antagonists ( @entity16644 , @entity20399 and @entity13397 ) were studied on the @entity2332 induced by @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ). In order to control for the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity of @entity16644 and @entity13397 , the effects of @entity3159 were also examined. Both @entity16644 and @entity13397 lowered body temperature in the @entity19 . This effect appeared to be due to their alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist effects as @entity3159 had a similar profile. Neither @entity16644 , @entity13397 nor @entity3159 antagonised the hypothermic effects of @entity10097 . @entity20399 slightly lowered body temperature but to a lesser extent than @entity10097 and, in contrast to the other compounds studied, also prevented a fall in body temperature on injection of @entity10097 . In the @entity35 there was much less interference from alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity as both @entity16644 and @entity3159 only slightly reduced body temperature. In this species, however, @entity16644 showed marked antagonist activity against @entity10097 @entity2332 . This was not due to alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist activity as @entity3159 had no effect. In the @entity35 , as in the @entity19 , @entity20399 had a partial agonist profile, whereas @entity13397 behaved essentially as an agonist. These results suggest that @entity16644 is a pure antagonist of @entity10097 -induced @entity2332 in @entity35 and that @entity20399 and @entity13397 are, respectively, a partial agonist and an agonist in this test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of putative 5-HT1A receptor antagonists on XXXX -induced @entity2332 in @entity35 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin', '8-OH-DPAT']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity10097 :: (MESH:D017371,Chemical) :: ['8-OH-DPAT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We determined whether the duration of permissible @entity1167 could be prolonged by deep hypothermic intermittent @entity1167 . METHODS: Twenty-five beagles were cooled on bypass to 18 degrees C to initiate deep @entity2332 that was maintained for 3 hours. Five protocols were then studied: group 1, uninterrupted bypass during @entity2332 ; group 2, arrest for 40 minutes during @entity2332 ; group 3, arrest for 60 minutes during @entity2332 ; group 4, arrest for 80 minutes during @entity2332 ; and group 5, intermittent @entity1167 , consisting of six cycles of 20 minutes of arrest followed by 10 minutes of systemic recirculation during @entity2332 (total, 120 minutes of arrest). The @entity7672 concentration in the brain was measured with near infrared spectrophotometry. RESULTS: In groups 2, 3, and 4, the @entity7672 concentration in the brain decreased continuously after arrest, finally reaching a plateau after 24.9 +/- 1.2 minutes. This finding suggested that the available cerebral @entity7672 was depleted. In contrast, the available cerebral @entity7672 was not depleted during hypothermic intermittent arrest in group 5. The mitochondrial respiratory control index was significantly lower in group 4 than in the other groups (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the respiratory control index for groups 1, 2, 3, and 5. Moreover, the formation of @entity2657 was significantly lower in group 5 than in the other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that deep hypothermic intermittent arrest can increase the duration of total permissible @entity1167 and will be a useful modality when prolonged arrest is anticipated.

title: Prolongation of total permissible @entity1167 duration by deep hypothermic intermittent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate myocardial diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity8674 major (beta-TM) using pulsed-tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and flow propagation (VP), in relation to @entity3876 levels. METHODS: We enrolled 192 consecutive @entity1 with beta-TM (88 @entity1 (25 +/- 6 years) and 104 @entity1 (26 +/- 6 years), with normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function. By TDI, diastolic myocardial velocities were sampled at the lateral section of the mitral annulus (Smv, Emv, @entity9624 ). From the apical four-chamber view diastolic transmitral flow velocities, including measures of E- and A-waves were performed. The propagation velocity of early flow into the LV cavity was measured by color M-mode Doppler. Plasma @entity3876 levels were measured in all @entity1 . RESULTS: A nonlinear relationship was found between @entity3876 levels and E/A ratio (beta coefficient for the second-order term = 1.4 +/- 0.4, P = 0.001). We also found a positive association of @entity3876 levels with @entity9624 (r = 0.28, P = 0.023), and a reverse with Smv (r =-0.59, P = 0.01) and Emv/ @entity9624 (r =-0.36, P = 0.019). Moreover, an inverse relationship was observed between @entity3876 and Vp (r =-0.43, P = 0.012) levels. Finally, a strong positive linear relationship was found between E/Vp ratio and @entity3876 levels (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A U-curved association of E/A ratio of transmitral Doppler velocity was revealed with @entity3876 levels, while the tissue Doppler of the Emv/ @entity9624 of the mitral annulus movement showed a negative linear association with @entity3876 levels.

title: Diastolic function in young @entity1 with XXXX major: an echocardiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta-thalassemia']

answer: @entity8674 :: (MESH:D017086,Disease) :: ['beta-thalassemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of one-stage posterior-anterior decompression and internal fixation for the treatment of the severe @entity174 and @entity3029 combined with the @entity1566 of the lower cervical spine. METHODS: From August 2005 to August 2009, 48 @entity1 (male 28 and female 20, aged from 28 to 62 years with a mean of 39.6 years) with severe @entity174 and @entity3029 of lower cervical spine were treated by reduction and internal fixation with one-stage combined cervical anterior plating and posterior lateral mass screws and rod or plate systems. Frankel grade A was in 8 cases, grade B in 16 cases, grade C in 20 cases, and grade D in 4 cases before operation. Firstly, the posterior approach was carried out. After inserting the mass screws, decompression and reduction were performed, and the rod or plate systems were embedded. After grafting, the skull traction was removed and initiated the anterior reduction, intervertebral decompression, auto-graft and cervical spine auto-locking plate fixation. The stability and fusion rate of the injured segments were evaluated on the regular postoperative X-ray film. The function of the spinal cord was assessed with Frankle classification. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up, ranged from 6 to 28 months with an average of 12 months. Solid fusion obtained in the postoperative 6 months. Frankel grade C was in 28 cases, grade D in 14 cases, grade E in 6 cases after operation. There was no complications related to internal fixation breakage, loosening or displacement. There was no vascular and esophagus complications during the operation. CONCLUSION: One-stage combined anterior-posterior decompression and internal fixation in treating severe @entity174 and @entity3029 of lower cervical spine could restore the cervical curvature, and obtain good reduction and complete decompression, and gain postoperative immediate stability. This technique is benefit to the @entity1 for the functional recovery of the spinal cord.

title: [Clinical analysis of one-stage posterior-anterior operative approach in treating lower cervical spine XXXX and dislocation].

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5445 ( @entity8142 agonists can maintain good glycemic control in some @entity6 . Here we compared the clinical characteristics and parameters reflecting @entity413 metabolism at the time of the initiation of @entity8142 agonist therapy between @entity1 who responded well to therapy and those who did not. METHODS: The records of 43 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 who started receiving @entity8142 agonist therapy during hospitalization were retrospectively reviewed. Glucagon stimulation tests were performed, and @entity1 were started on liraglutide or exenatide therapy. Preprandial blood @entity413 levels were measured on days 2 and 3 of @entity8142 agonist therapy. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to compare clinical parameters between responders (HbA1c level <8% at more than 3  months after the initiation of treatment) and non-responders ( @entity4051 c level >= 8% at more than 3  months after the initiation of treatment or a switch to insulin therapy at any time). RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 43 @entity1 were classified as non-responders. At baseline, mean HbA1c levels were 9.9% among responders and 9.7% among non-responders. Compared with treatment with only diet or @entity2449 , the hazard ratio [HR] for non-response was 5.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-24.6, P = 0.03) for insulin therapy and 5.0 (95% CI: 1.13-22.16, P = 0.03) for @entity5736 therapy. Compared with the lowest tertile, the HRs for non-response in the highest tertile were 3.1 (95% CI: 1.04-8.97, P = 0.04) for the mean preprandial blood @entity413 level on days 2 and 3 and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.05-11.01, P = 0.04) for the body mass index. The response was not significantly associated with the duration of @entity6 or the glucagon stimulation test results. A receiver operating curve analysis showed that the mean preprandial blood @entity413 level had the highest area under the curve value (=0.72) for the prediction of non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity6 , the response to @entity8142 agonist therapy was significantly associated with the treatment used before the initiation of therapy, the body mass index, and the mean preprandial blood @entity413 level during the 2  days after the initiation of therapy.

title: Prediction of response to @entity8142 agonist therapy in Japanese @entity1 with @entity164 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor', 'GLP-1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: @entity13443 are chronic sub-cutaneous @entity281 in which exogenous causative agents, fungal (eumycetes) or bacterial (actinomycetes), generate grains. The typical presentation is multi-fistulized @entity6437 . This disease, particularly @entity13443 , is difficult to treat. It is a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. In France, the disease is rare, but @entity1 have access to a broader range of treatments. The authors had for objective to present the cases of @entity13443 diagnosed in developed country and their management. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study was made on the clinical presentation and management of @entity13443 from 1995 to 2011, in the Bobigny Avicenne teaching hospital. RESULTS: Six @entity1 files were studied. The @entity1 were @entity1 with a median age of 31 years (16-70). Five @entity1 were from Sub Saharan Africa, one from Sri Lanka. The etiologies were one @entity13443 and five @entity13443 . There was bone involvement in five cases. There was one atypical presentation: a primary intra-osseous @entity13443 . Three @entity1 were cured including two by surgical management and one by medical treatment ( @entity13443 ). Antifungal therapy failed (four @entity1 ) in every case ( @entity5074 , @entity2059 , @entity3102 , @entity8974 , @entity11794 ). CONCLUSION: The results of this study made in a non-epidemic zone revealed that despite a typical clinical presentation, the diagnosis and management were delayed because this imported disease is rare in France. The @entity1 received new broad-spectrum @entity10998 and @entity11794 , but none were cured with antifungal therapy alone.

title: Management of XXXX in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity13443 :: ('MESH:D008271', 'Disease') :: ['eumycetoma', 'eumycetomas', 'mycetomas', 'mycetoma', 'Mycetomas', 'actinomycetoma']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity10998 :: ('CHEBI:38597', 'Chemical') :: ['triazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['tropical infections']

entities_list: @entity5074 :: ('MESH:C102790', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity11794 :: ('MESH:C105417', 'Chemical') :: ['caspofungin']

answer: @entity13443 :: (MESH:D008271,Disease) :: ['mycetomas']


abstract: Renexin, a compound of @entity1924 and @entity4044 extract, has been reported to produce neuroprotective effects through antioxidant, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory mechanisms. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of renexin on hearing, the organ of Corti (OC), and medial olivocochlear efferents against noise-induced damage. C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed to 110 dB SPL white noise for 60 min and then randomly divided into three groups: high- and low-dose renexin-treated groups and noise only group. Renexin were administered for 7 days: 90 mg/kg to the low-dose, and 180 mg/kg to the high-dose groups. All @entity19 , including the controls underwent hearing tests on postnoise day 8 and were killed for cochlear harvest. We compared the hearing thresholds and morphology of the OC and cochlear efferents across the groups. The renexin-treated groups recovered from the immediate threshold shifts in a dose-dependent manner, while the noise group showed a permanent @entity393 . The renexin-treated ears demonstrated @entity528 . The diameters of the efferent terminals labeled with a-synuclein were preserved in the high-dose renexin-treated group. In the western blot assay of the cochlear homogenates, the treated groups displayed stronger expressions of a-synuclein than the noise and control groups, which may indicate that noise-induced enhanced activity of the cochlear efferent system was protected by renexin. Our results suggest that pharmacologic treatment with renexin is hopeful to reduce or prevent noise-induced @entity393 as a rescue regimen after noise exposure.

title: Renexin as a rescue regimen for noise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['less degeneration of the OC']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The zeta-chain as an important component of the T cell receptor (TCR) is involved in the transduction of intracellular signals and is therefore critical for T cell activation and subsequent induction of an anti- @entity5 response. In @entity1 with @entity213 ( @entity213 ) several mechanisms of immune suppression have been described. The expression of the TCR zeta-chain of both peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been analysed in @entity1 with @entity213 and correlated to clinical data. METHODS: TIL and PBL from 47 @entity1 with @entity213 were obtained. To determine expression of the zeta-chain in both PBLs and TILs, double immunostaining with mAbs and flow cytometric analysis was performed. The technique combined an intracellular staining with a surface staining. RESULTS: As compared to healthy controls (n = 23), zeta-chain expression was significantly reduced (p < 0.002) in @entity1 with @entity213 (n = 23) with lowest expression in those with @entity19355 . Our results show a tight correlation between the loss of zeta-chain expression and the clinical @entity146 of the @entity5 . Higher @entity5 stages frequently show a higher loss of the zeta-chain. In 11 @entity1 zeta-chain expression of the PBL could be compared with TIL. Independent of the @entity5 stage the loss of the zeta-chain expression is much higher in TIL than in PBL. The loss of the zeta-chain expression also correlates with the progression of the disease. @entity1 with a high loss of the zeta-chain expression develop a recurrence more frequently. CONCLUSION: The loss of the zeta-chain documents a systemic @entity1200 , which even occurs in @entity5 stages. Additionally to locoregional approaches future therapeutic strategies should also focus on systemic immunomodulation.

title: [The expression of zeta-chain of the T cell receptor as prognostic marker for XXXX with head and neck cancer].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early tumor']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune defect']

entities_list: @entity19355 :: ('MESH:D005077', 'Disease') :: ['UICC VI disease']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity543 ( @entity543 ) and @entity9085 ( @entity9085 ) are associated with @entity385 after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It remains unclear whether this association is causal. We investigated the associations between neurologically asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 and the occurrence of subclinical @entity75 after CABG verified by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: CABG @entity1 were included and @entity543 and @entity9085 were identified by magnetic resonance angiography. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed to identify new post-operative subclinical @entity75 . The associations between @entity543 / @entity9085 post-operative @entity75 were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were included in the study. 13% had significant @entity543 and 11% had significant @entity9085 . Thirty-five percent had new @entity385 postoperatively. We found a significant association between the presence of @entity1779 and @entity385 (67% vs. 27%, p = 0.047). However none of the @entity1 with @entity850 had isolated @entity75 in the ipsilateral vascular territory. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 is common in CABG @entity1 and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative @entity385 . Our study suggests that asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 primarily are risk markers rather than causal factors for @entity385 after CABG.

title: @entity75 in XXXX undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to asymptomatic carotid and @entity9085 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenosis', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vessel stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An 18-year-old @entity1 with "idiopathic" @entity1615 is presented. A thoracic syrinx was detected as an incidental finding during magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. OBJECTIVES: @entity1644 may be a risk factor for @entity16 during correction of @entity1635 , and in these cases, spinal cord monitoring may be of particular value. BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal distraction and instrumentation carry a risk of @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1635 and associated @entity1644 . @entity1644 is a cause of @entity1635 , and although neurologic problems are the usual symptom, @entity1635 may be the only sign at initial examination. A higher risk of @entity16 has been reported in corrective surgical treatment of @entity1 with @entity1644 . The mechanism of @entity602 is unclear. Monitoring of spinal cord function is recommended to detect intraoperative @entity16 , which may be reversed on removing distraction and implants. RESULTS: Intraoperative somatosensory-evoked potential (SSEP) spinal cord monitoring detected possible @entity602 during outrigger distraction. Reduction of distraction led to a recovery of SSEPs and a satisfactory operative outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity1644 may be a risk factor for @entity16 during correction of @entity1635 , and SSEP spinal cord monitoring may identify and prevent intraoperative @entity1566 .

title: @entity1644 . A potential risk factor in XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia', 'Syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic damage', 'neurologic injury', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']