abstract: BACKGROUND: Radioisotope mapping is an essential technical component of @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy, and most authors define isotope success by an arbitrary threshold @entity1600 -to-background ratio. Few studies have examined the degree to which the relative level of @entity1600 counts correlates with the presence of @entity3 . Having removed the @entity1600 with the highest counts, how far should the surgeon persist in removing additional @entity1600 which contain much lower levels of isotope? METHODS: We performed @entity1600 biopsy, using both @entity4482 , in 2285 consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity2631 was defined as an ex vivo @entity1600 -to-axillary background count ratio of at least 4:1, and enhanced pathologic analysis (serial sections and immunohistochemistry) was used throughout. RESULTS: Among the 1566 @entity1 with more than one @entity1600 site identified, the @entity1600 contained @entity3 in 463 (30%). In 369 (80%) of these @entity1600 -positive cases, the @entity1600 with the highest count contained @entity5 , but in 94 (20%) it was benign. Among these 94: (1) the counts of the hottest benign @entity1600 exceeded those of the histologically positive @entity1600 by a ratio of at least 10:1 in 31% (29 of 94) of cases, (2) the counts of the positive @entity1600 were < 4:1 those of the axillary background in 16% (15 of 94) of cases, and (3) blue dye failed to identify 27% of positive @entity1600 . No optimum ratio of @entity1600 -to- @entity1600 or @entity1600 -to-background counts identified the positive @entity1600 in all cases. CONCLUSION: Although the @entity1600 with the highest counts is positive in 80% of @entity0 @entity1 with multiple @entity1600 , neither a relatively high isotope count nor the presence of blue dye consistently predict @entity1600 positivity in all @entity0 @entity1 . For maximum accuracy, @entity1600 biopsy requires (1) the removal of all nodes containing isotope regardless of the relative magnitude of counts, (2) the concurrent use of blue dye to salvage those procedures in which isotope fails, and (3) the removal of all clinically suspicious non- @entity1600 .

title: Highest isotope count does not predict sentinel node positivity in all @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage I-II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['radioisotope and blue dye']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Successful isotope localization']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The isotype-specific antibody responses in serum and in nasal and pulmonary lavage fluids of @entity1707 following aerosol immunization with an attenuated strain of @entity6649 serotype 1, strain CM5A, was investigated. The presence of @entity54451 ( @entity54451 ), IgA, and IgM with specificities for capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide, and hemolysin was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using purified antigens. Strain CM5A induced serum antibodies of each isotype to the three antigens. The serum antibody response was sustained and typical of persistent antigenic stimulation. The specific IgM response decreased and the specific @entity54451 response increased after challenge with strain CM5. IgA specific for the three antigens was detected in nasal secretions from all immune @entity1707 , whereas specific @entity54451 could only be detected in samples contaminated with blood. Both IgA and @entity54451 specific for each of the antigens were detected in pulmonary lavage samples. There was no significant increase in specific IgA in nasal secretions; however, levels of lipopolysaccharide-specific and hemolysin-specific @entity54451 and IgA in pulmonary secretions rose after aerosol challenge with strain CM5. Passive transfer of immune swine serum resulted in protection against @entity5390 and in levels of specific serum @entity54451 which were similar to those in actively immunized @entity1707 . It is concluded that specific serum @entity54451 antibodies are important in protection from porcine @entity5390 .

title: Protective local and systemic antibody responses of XXXX exposed to an aerosol of @entity6649 serotype 1.

entities_list: @entity6649 :: ('715', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity5390 :: ('MESH:D011001', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropneumonia']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public educational programs have been developed to reduce delays between the onset of @entity385 and emergency department evaluation. An increase in the proportion of @entity1 presenting soon after @entity64 would reflect the effectiveness of these efforts. METHODS: All @entity1 (n = 506) with @entity385 admitted to an academic medical center located within the ' @entity64 Belt' of the USA were prospectively identified over 2 years (1998-1999). Demographics, @entity64 characteristics and time from symptom onset to arrival in the emergency department were recorded. RESULTS: A higher proportion of @entity385 @entity1 presented within 3 h of symptoms in 1998 than in 1999 (18% of 234 vs. 8% of 272, p = 0.0001). Those with less severe @entity64 (Canadian Neurological Scale score; Spearman r = 0.18, p < 0.0001) and younger @entity1 (r = -0.09, p = 0.04) had greater delays. There was no difference in time to presentation based on race (13% of whites and blacks presented within 3 h, p = 0.70) or sex (16% of @entity1 vs. 9% of @entity1 , p = 0.10). Logistic regression showed that time to presentation was independently related to both @entity64 severity and year. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that, after accounting for other variables, the proportion of @entity64 @entity1 presenting within 3 h of symptom onset to one academic medical center decreased by 10% between 1998 and 1999. Revision of @entity64 -related educational programs may need to be considered.

title: Delay between XXXX onset and emergency department evaluation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'public stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke symptoms', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity459 usually affects elderly @entity1 . Juvenile @entity459 is rare, and raises diagnostic and prognostic problems. The aim of this retrospective study on 24 @entity1 is to establish clinical, histological, and therapeutic features of juvenile @entity459 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 673 @entity1 were treated for @entity459 in our department. Twenty four @entity1 were younger than 30 years old (3.5%). There were 14 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . Mean age was 23 year (14-30). Clinical manifestations, pathologics findings and postoperative results were studied. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 presented a sporadic form of @entity459 with a single @entity652 . Clinical manifestations were @entity8 in 11 cases and acute @entity2741 syndrome in 2 cases. Seven @entity1 had a @entity196 : @entity8611 were 6 @entity1373 and one @entity652 . A 27 years old @entity1 presented a recurrent @entity47267 . She was operated on 10 years before and at reoperation @entity3243 was found. Nineteen @entity1 were cured after a post operative follow up ranging from 3 to 168 months. One @entity1 had an asymptomatic @entity2741 recurrence. Two @entity1 presented @entity2319 treated with @entity3873 and @entity460 . CONCLUSION: Sporadic forms represent majority of cases of @entity2742 . Renal manifestations are usual. Nevertheless, @entity7582 has to be evocated.

title: [Primary XXXX . Report of 24 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7582 :: ('MESH:D018761', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'Primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid lesions']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['NEM I syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity47267 :: ('MESH:C566450', 'Disease') :: ['familial isolated hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['juvenile hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: AIM: To determine in an urban population in @entity233 , the frequency of baby walker (BW) use, beliefs and attitudes of mothers regarding BWs, frequency of BW-related injuries and whether families receive counselling from their paediatricians about BWs or not. METHODS: @entity1 aged 2 months to 5 years who attended the well- @entity1 care clinics of Fatih University Hospital in Ankara comprised the sample. A semi-structured questionnaire was verbally administered. RESULTS: Of 495 @entity1 , 75.4% was found to use BW. Female gender [odds ratio (OR) = 1.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.19-2.78) and lower maternal education (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 1.18-0.74) were found to be associated with BW use. Frequencies of injuries associated with BWs were low (7.8%). Only 92 (18.6%) families received appropriate counselling by their paediatricians. CONCLUSION: The results of our study show that BW use is common in urban @entity233 . Families are not informed about the lack of benefits and potential hazards of BWs and base reasons of using and not using on unique cultural beliefs rather than informed, evidence-based decisions. Paediatricians in @entity233 and potentially other countries require information about the need for counselling families about the hazards associated with BW use.

title: Baby walkers: a perspective from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'Children']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Immunization with GMK vaccine (G(M2) @entity4163 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin mixed with @entity17080 adjuvant) induces anti-G(M2) antibodies in close to 100% of @entity1 . We found previously that anti-G(D2) antibodies could be induced in some @entity1 using G(D2)-keyhole limpet @entity17970 + @entity17080 (GDK). In this trial, we wished: (a) to determine whether immunization with both GMK and GDK vaccines could induce antibodies against both G(M2) and G(D2); and (b) to determine the optimal dose of GDK. Thirty-one @entity1 with @entity320 or @entity242 who had no evidence of disease after complete surgical resection were immunized with both GMK (30 microg of G(M2)) and GDK on weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 24, and 36. @entity1 were assigned to one of five GDK dose levels (3, 10, 30, 70, or 130 microg of G(D2)). Anti-G(M2) IgM or IgG were induced in 97% of @entity1 . The dose of GDK did not affect the anti-G(M2) response, although at the highest GDK dose level, 3 of 7 @entity1 did not make anti-G(M2) IgG. GDK was less immunogenic; overall 45% of @entity1 developed either IgM or IgG against G(D2). At GDK doses of 30 or 70 microg, 8 of 11 @entity1 (73%) made either IgM or IgG anti-G(D2) antibodies. We conclude that both GMK and GDK vaccines can induce antibodies against G(M2) and G(D2) in a majority of @entity1 and are safe. The optimal dose of GDK appears to be either 30 or 70 microg when administered with GMK vaccine.

title: Vaccination with a bivalent G(M2) and G(D2) XXXX conjugate vaccine: a trial comparing doses of G(D2)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17970 :: ('MESH:D006433', 'Chemical') :: ['hemocyanin']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity4163 :: (CHEBI:28892,Chemical) :: ['ganglioside']


abstract: Over 200   000 weight loss procedures are performed annually in the United States. Physicians must therefore be cognizant of the unique array of complications associated with these procedures. We describe a case of jejunojejunal intussusception in a @entity356 @entity1 who presented with @entity879 ( @entity879 ) due to @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) @entity137 . Our @entity1 is a 29 year-old female who had undergone Roux-en-Y @entity356 surgery seven years prior. She was evaluated in the emergency department for @entity911 . Her family reported a 3-wk history of progressive @entity490 , for which she had ingested 40 @entity1443 / @entity1288 tablets over the past 2 d. Physical examination showed @entity5692 , a distended abdomen, and gradeIencephalopathy. She fulfilled the criteria for @entity879 and was listed for liver transplantation. Abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a jejunojejunal intussusception. She underwent emergent exploratory laparotomy and resection of the infarcted intussusceptum and the previous jejunojejunostomy. She had rapid clinical improvement, with decreasing liver enzymes and improved hepatic synthetic function. She had complete resolution of @entity1003 and @entity75 , and was removed from the liver transplant list. She was discharged home 20 d after hospitalization with normal liver tests. This case demonstrates that acute abdominal catastrophes can potentiate @entity99 in the setting of @entity1443 @entity137 . @entity75 may obscure history and physical exam findings. This case also exemplifies the pitfalls in the management of the bariatric surgery @entity1 and the importance of multispecialty collaboration in @entity1 presenting with organ failure.

title: XXXX complicating jejunojejunal intussusception presentation in a @entity356 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Encephalopathy', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen', 'APAP']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity5692 :: ('MESH:D015422', 'Disease') :: ['icteric sclerae']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric bypass']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['Acute liver failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity326 is a highly inflammatory and procoagulant state associated with significant mortality. In a single randomized controlled trial, recombinant @entity1 activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa) reduced mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity295 at high risk of @entity204 . Further clinical trials, including a recently completed trial in @entity1 with @entity326 , failed to reproduce these results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant @entity1 activated protein C on mortality in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity326 and to explore possible reasons for inconsistent results in previous studies. DESIGN: Retrospective, 2:1 propensity-matched, multicenter cohort study. SETTING: Twenty-nine academic and community intensive care units in three countries. @entity1 : Seven thousand three hundred ninety-two adult @entity1 diagnosed with @entity326 , of which 349 received recombinant @entity1 activated protein C within 48 hrs of intensive care unit admission between 1997 and 2007. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Our primary outcomes were mortality over 30 days and mortality stratified by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II quartile. Using a propensity-matched Cox proportional hazard model, we observed a 6.1% absolute reduction in 30-day mortality associated with the use of recombinant @entity1 activated protein C (108/311 [34.7%] vs. 254/622 [40.8%], hazard ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.52-1.00, p = .05) and noted consistent reductions in mortality among Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II quartiles. A time to event analysis showed that the time to appropriate antimicrobials after documented @entity551 decreased for each year of study (p = .003), a finding that was congruent with a decrease in annual mortality over the study period (odds ratio 0.96 per year [95% confidence interval 0.93-0.99], p = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective, propensity-matched, multicenter cohort study of @entity1 with @entity326 , early use of recombinant @entity1 activated protein C was associated with reduced mortality. Improvements in general quality of care such as speed of antimicrobial delivery leading to decreasing mortality of @entity1 with @entity326 may have contributed to the null results of the recently completed trial of recombinant @entity1 activated protein C in @entity1 with @entity326 .

title: Activated protein C and XXXX : a propensity-matched cohort study*.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock', 'Septic shock']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Joint @entity174 can interrupt the arterial and venous blood supply to the hyaline cartilage. Previous studies revealed effects of @entity450 and @entity101 in the cartilage. In this study the influence of interruption of the blood supply on the development of @entity571 was analysed. In a prospective, experimental study in 40 @entity95 all vessels in the patella were ligated and the cartilage was investigated after 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks by transmission electron microscopy. After 2 weeks no degenerative signs were determined. After 6 weeks there were distinct signs of @entity1844 . The degeneration of the hyaline cartilage increased with time. The endpoint of injury was the destruction of the cartilage and @entity39 of the chondrocytes, determined after an ischaemic period of 24 weeks. The stages of cartilage degeneration in our trial correspond to the changes that are well known to occur in @entity571 . In conclusion, interruption of the blood supply of the patella results in @entity179 . This effects is related to the duration of ischaemia. On the basis of results we recommend early and watertight repositioning of @entity174 not only for biomechanical reasons but also to avoid irrevocable effects of interrupted blood supply on @entity1844 .

title: [What is the effect of para-articular @entity174 on @entity1844 ? Experimental electron optic studies of the XXXX on post-traumatic subchondral vascularization disorders].

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline joint cartilage', 'cartilage injury']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fractured joints']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous engorgement']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes to the joint cartilage']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity733 is relatively high, and the condition is most common in young @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken. RESULTS: This abscess usually originates in the proctodeal glands of the intersphincteric space. A distinction is made between subanodermal, intersphincteric, ischioanal, and supralevator abscesses. The @entity1 history and clinical examination are diagnostically sufficient to establish the indication for surgery. Further examinations (endosonography, MRI) should be considered in recurrent abscesses or supralevator abscesses. The timing of the surgical intervention is primarily determined by the @entity1 's symptoms, and @entity697 is generally an indication for emergency treatment. Anal abscesses are treated surgically. The type of access (transrectal or perianal) depends on the abscess location. The goal of surgery is thorough drainage of the focus of @entity281 while preserving the sphincter muscles. The wound should be rinsed regularly (using tap water). The use of local antiseptics is associated with a risk of @entity137 . Antibiotic treatment is only necessary in exceptional cases. Intraoperative @entity292 exploration should be conducted with extreme care if at all; no requirement to detect @entity292 should be imposed. The risk of @entity733 or secondary @entity292 formation is low overall, but they can result from insufficient drainage. Primary fistulotomy should only be performed in case of superficial @entity292 and by experienced surgeons. In case of unclear findings or high @entity292 , repair should take place in a second procedure. CONCLUSION: In this clinical S3 guideline, instructions for diagnosis and treatment of @entity733 are described for the first time in Germany.

title: German S3 guideline: XXXX .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute abscess']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscess recurrence', 'anal abscess']

answer: @entity733 :: (MESH:D000038,Disease) :: ['anal abscess']


abstract: PURPOSE: Laboratory studies in experimental animals suggest that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decreases the incidence of @entity16433 ( @entity16433 ) following @entity231 surgery. Recently the incidence of @entity16433 following @entity231 surgery and intraocular lens implantation was reported to be no different following postoperative treatment with @entity3522 0.1% (Voltaren, Ciba Vision) or with @entity619 0.1% (Maxidex, Alcon). We studied the incidence of @entity16433 in @entity1 following treatment with @entity3522 0.1% and @entity6058 @entity8973 0.5% (Acular, Allergan) ophthalmic solutions 3 years after @entity231 surgery and implantation of a foldable silicone intraocular lens. METHODS: A total of 120 @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a foldable @entity1346 intracular lens. @entity1 were treated with either @entity3522 0.1% ophthalmic solution or 0.5% @entity6058 ophthalmic solution 4 times daily for 30 days in a double-masked, randomized fashion during the postoperative period. @entity1 were examined 3 years following surgery by a masked observer who determined which @entity1 received YAG capsulotomies and graded any existing @entity16433 . RESULTS: Each treatment group had 12% YAG capsulotomies 3 years following surgery. Although @entity16433 was present more often with @entity3522 treatment (25/62) than with @entity6058 treatment (16/58), this difference is not statistically significant (P = .142). @entity1 tolerated both treatments well without a difference in toxic effects or tolerability. CONCLUSIONS: This study did not demonstrate a difference in the ability of @entity3522 or @entity6058 ophthalmic solutions to prevent @entity16433 following @entity231 extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens. Both treatment regimens were equally well tolerated.

title: Incidence of postoperative posterior capsular opacification following treatment with XXXX 0.1% and @entity6058 0.5% ophthalmic solutions: 3-year randomized, double-masked, prospective clinical investigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'diclofenac sodium']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity8973 :: ('MESH:D014325', 'Chemical') :: ['tromethamine']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity16433 :: ('MESH:D057851', 'Disease') :: ['posterior capsular opacification', 'PCO']

answer: @entity3522 :: (MESH:D004008,Chemical) :: ['diclofenac']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1499 is currently used as a treatment for refractory @entity29 . This study sought to evaluate the hepatic effects of long-term @entity1499 therapy in @entity1 with @entity29 and to determine whether the established guidelines for monitoring @entity1499 -related hepatotoxicity with surveillance liver biopsy in @entity1 with @entity1569 or @entity309 are applicable to these @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with @entity29 receiving cumulative @entity1499 doses of > or = 1500 mg were studied. Liver chemistry tests were obtained before and during therapy. Twenty @entity1 underwent liver biopsies as recommended for @entity1499 -treated @entity1 with @entity1569 ; the biopsies were reviewed and graded according to Roenigk's criteria for @entity1499 -induced hepatotoxicity (a grading system for @entity1499 hepatotoxicity in @entity1569 @entity1 ) by a liver pathologist blinded to the @entity1499 dose. RESULTS: In @entity1 who had liver biopsies, the mean cumulative @entity1499 dose was 2633 mg (range, 1500-5410 mg), given for a mean of 131.7 wk (range, 66-281 wk). Nineteen of 20 @entity1 (95%) had mild @entity854 (Roenigk's grade I and II), and one @entity1 had @entity1575 (Roenigk's grade IIIB). Abnormal liver chemistry tests, present in 6 of 20 (30%) @entity1 , did not identify the @entity1 with Roenigk's grade IIIB hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative @entity1499 doses up to 5410 mg given up to 281 wk in @entity1 with @entity29 are associated with little hepatotoxicity. Surveillance liver biopsies based on cumulative @entity1499 doses are not warranted in these @entity1 .

title: Hepatic effects of long-term XXXX use in the treatment of @entity29 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['histological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: Endocrine @entity788 (EPTs) are neoplasms with malignant potential. To explore the molecular basis of metastatic progression in @entity1 EPTs, we analyzed 17 paired specimens of primary EPTs and their @entity3 and 28 nonmetastatic EPTs using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Genomic alterations were detected in all of the matched primary/metastatic @entity5 and 19 (58%) nonmetastatic EPTs. The mean number of genomic changes was 17.3 in @entity3 , 12.5 in their @entity5 , and 4.5 in nonmetastatic EPTs. Statistical analysis of shared genomic changes in matched pairs of @entity5 and @entity3 showed a high probability (>95%) of a clonal relationship in 15 of the 17 cases. A closely related genetic pattern was also demonstrated on the basis of concordance analysis of the two groups. The most striking genomic changes which were enriched in @entity3 included gains of chromosomes 4 and 7 and losses of 21q. Other common regions of frequent losses (>40%) identified in @entity3 and/or their @entity5 involved 2p, 2q, 3p, 3q, 6q, 10p, and 11p, whereas frequently detected gains (>40%) in the paired @entity5 involved 5p, 5q, 12q, 14q, 17q, 18q, and 20q. These chromosomal aberrations were found in significantly fewer nonmetastatic EPTs. Some of these chromosomal loci may harbor genes contributing to the progression of EPT.

title: Genomic imbalances in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['progression of endocrine pancreatic tumors']


abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) motility is very frequently disturbed in @entity191 ( @entity191 ), manifesting chiefly as @entity1282 , @entity1819 and @entity1142 . All these symptoms - @entity1142 in particular - may precede the clinical diagnosis of @entity191 for years. In the future, these symptoms might serve as useful early indicators in the premotor stage. Disturbed gastric emptying is an important factor in unpredictable fluctuations. The most likely causes are degenerations of the dorsal vagal nucleus and the intramural plexus of the whole intestine. These degenerations are likely to develop prior to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Diagnosis includes history, clinical examination, barium meal, breath test, scintiscan of stomach, and colonic transit time. Therapeutic efforts are limited when it comes to disturbed motility of the upper GI-tract. @entity4164 can be reduced by anticholinergics or botulinum toxin injections; motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract is only moderately impacted on by @entity2211 . In @entity1142 , the conservative therapeutic option is administration of @entity968 ( @entity968 ), which leads to marked improvement.

title: Gastrointestinal dysfunction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['impaired gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity4164 :: ('MESH:D012798', 'Disease') :: ['Hypersalivation']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol', 'macrogol']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The combined effect of posteroventral pallidotomy and optimal medical treatment was assessed in 22 @entity1 with levodopa sensitive @entity191 . METHODS: Timed motor tests, video recordings, and computer assisted optoelectronic movement analysis were used for serial hourly assessments performed preoperatively and four and 12 months after operation. Tests were made while @entity1 were on optimal medical therapy. RESULTS: There were no serious adverse events of surgery. Two of the 22 @entity1 could not complete all the tests after operation. The proportion of @entity910 periods decreased in the 20 @entity1 and there was a proportional increase in normal or fairly normal occasions. "Off" periods were not significantly affected. In 12 of 13 @entity1 with limb @entity910 this symptom was completely abolished in the contralateral limbs. There was also some degree of improvement axially and ipsilaterally. @entity400 was moderately improved contralaterally. @entity2845 remained unchanged. Results at 12 months follow up were similar to those at four months. CONCLUSION: Pallidotomy produced a pronounced positive effect on @entity910 and a moderate effect on @entity400 . @entity2845 was not affected. Posteroventral pallidotomy may be useful in @entity1 with @entity191 who have severe motor fluctuations and may allow an increase in levodopa dose to alleviate @entity2845 in "off" states.

title: Usefulness of pallidotomy in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['Bradykinesia', 'bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Tremor', 'tremor']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The aims were to assess @entity73 and @entity458 ( @entity148 and @entity308 ) among online poker players of different levels of gambling intensity (non- @entity4122 [NPG], problem gamblers [PbG], and @entity4122 [ @entity4122 ]), and to examine the relationship between these variables and gambling pathology. Overall, 245 regular online poker players recruited on an Internet forum completed online self-report scales assessing @entity11532 (South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS]), @entity458 ( @entity148 and @entity308 Scale [HADS]) and @entity73 (Gambling-Related Cognition Scale). Based on their SOGS scores, poker players were ranked into three groups: NPG (n=146), PbG (n=55), and @entity4122 (n=44). All poker players appeared to be more anxious than @entity308 . @entity4122 exhibited higher levels of @entity308 and @entity148 than did PbG and NPG. @entity73 also significantly discriminated @entity4122 from PbG and NPG. A regression model showed that the perceived inability to stop gambling, the illusion of control, @entity308 (HADS D), and @entity148 were good predictors for @entity11532 among poker players. Our results suggest that @entity73 play an important role in the development and maintenance of gambling pathology. This study also underlines the role of @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity11532 among poker players. It seems relevant to take these elements into account in the research, prevention, and treatment of @entity11532 poker players.

title: @entity73 , XXXX , and @entity308 among regular and @entity11532 online poker players.

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['PG', 'pathological gamblers']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive distortions', 'cognitive distortions']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'Hospital Anxiety']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The main goal of our study was to characterise the activity of @entity47763 as a peripheral @entity37358 antagonist in healthy @entity1 subjects and to determine if endogenous @entity6501 is a physiological regulator of gastric acid secretion and @entity8243 release. METHODS: Our study consisted of three parts. In part I, subjects received saline or @entity47763 followed by graded doses of intravenous @entity1 @entity6501 in a four period crossover design. In part II, subjects received @entity47763 or saline during oral meal ingestion or modified sham feeding. In part III, subjects received an acidified meal in the presence and absence of @entity47763 in a two period crossover design. In addition, @entity8243 and somatostatin mRNA were measured in biopsy specimens during saline and @entity47763 infusion. RESULTS: @entity47763 dose dependently inhibited @entity6501 induced acid output. Acid secretion after oral liquid meal intake and sham feeding was significantly inhibited by @entity47763 (p<0.01) whereas plasma @entity8243 release remained unchanged. @entity8243 and somatostatin mRNAs were not significantly different after saline or @entity47763 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity47763 is a potent @entity6501 antagonist in @entity1 . Endogenous @entity6501 may be a physiological regulator of gastric acid secretion. @entity8243 release does not seem to be under the control of @entity6501 .

title: Regulation of gastric function by endogenous XXXX in @entity1 : studies with a specific @entity37358 antagonist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity37358 :: ('2925', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) receptor']

answer: @entity6501 :: (2922,Gene) :: ['gastrin releasing peptide']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3546 is the downstream effector of the Wnt signaling pathway, and it regulates cell proliferation. @entity3546 overexpression correlates positively with prognosis in several types of @entity5 . We herein assessed its effects on growth of @entity1582 cells using a xenograft model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We first investigated the expression of @entity3546 in @entity1582 cell lines and @entity1582 cells obtained from @entity1 . Next, we investigated the growth inhibitory effects of @entity3546 small interfering RNA on the growth of @entity1582 cells in vivo. Six-week-old male BALB/c nu/nu @entity19 were inoculated s.c. in the right flank with 5 x 10(6) RPMI8226 cells, followed by s.c. injections of @entity3546 small interfering RNA, scramble small interfering RNA, or PBS/atelocollagen complex twice a week for a total of eight injections. RESULTS: Significantly higher levels of @entity3546 expression were observed in @entity1582 cell lines and in samples from @entity1 with @entity1582 than those found in mononuclear cells obtained from healthy volunteers. In in vivo experiments, no inhibitory effects were observed following treatment with scramble small interfering RNA or PBS/atelocollagen complexes, whereas treatment with @entity3546 small interfering RNA/atelocollagen complex significantly inhibited growth of @entity1582 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3546 small interfering RNA treatment inhibited the growth of @entity1582 in a xenograft model. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the treatment with @entity3546 small interfering RNA produces an inhibitory effects on growth of @entity1583 in vivo. Because treatment with @entity3546 small interfering RNA inhibited growth of @entity1582 cells, @entity3546 is the attractive novel target for treating @entity1582 .

title: beta-catenin small interfering RNA successfully suppressed progression of XXXX in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma tumors', 'multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with large @entity977 were studied with magnetic resonance imaging scans. Based on the operative findings, the @entity5 were divided into two groups. @entity5 in Group 1 (n = 35) were soft or partially @entity39 and were easily removed by suction and curettage. @entity5 in Group 2 (n = 7) were firm and required sharp dissection or use of the laser for removal. @entity5 were divided into two groups based on the long TR signal: a) isointense in comparison with white matter, or b) hyperintense in comparison with white matter. All 7 firm @entity5 (Group 2) had an isointense signal on long TR sequences. Thirty-two of 35 soft @entity5 showed a hyperintense signal on long TR sequences, and 3 an isointense signal. Based on these results, we recommend a transsphenoidal approach for the initial operation in @entity1 with large @entity977 . If the @entity5 is largely isointense on the magnetic resonance imaging scan, we discuss with the @entity1 preoperatively the possibility (70% in this series) that the @entity5 may be too firm to remove in a single transsphenoidal procedure. In these circumstances, a second, transcranial, procedure may be required to decompress the suprasellar structures adequately.

title: Is magnetic resonance imaging useful in guiding the operative approach to large XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary tumors']


abstract: We have previously developed a @entity19 model of @entity6 by targeted inactivation of the @entity3239 gene. During studies of gene expression in livers of @entity3239 -deficient @entity19 , we identified a novel cDNA, which we have termed sirm (Son of @entity3239 Mutant @entity19 ). sirm is largely, albeit not exclusively, expressed in insulin-responsive tissues. Insulin is a potent modulator of sirm expression, and sirm mRNA levels correlate with tissue sensitivity to insulin. The product of the sirm gene is a @entity563 / @entity1889 -rich protein with several @entity1521 -rich motifs and an NPNY motif, conforming to the consensus sequence recognized by the @entity10393 binding domains of @entity3239 substrate and @entity54310 proteins. However, Sirm bears no extended homologies with other known proteins. Based on the sequences of the @entity1521 -rich domains, we sought to determine whether Sirm binds to the SH3 domains of @entity24698 and @entity25544 . We demonstrate here that Sirm binds to @entity24698 and @entity25544 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and that insulin treatment results in the dissociation of the Sirm. @entity24698 and Sirm. @entity25544 complexes. We also show that Sirm is a substrate for the kinase activity of @entity24698 in vitro. Based on the patterns of expression of sirm, its regulation by insulin, and the interactions with molecules in the insulin signaling pathway, we surmise that Sirm plays a role in modulating tissue sensitivity to insulin.

title: Identification of sirm, a novel insulin-regulated SH3 binding protein that associates with @entity25544 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-resistant diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3239 :: ('16337(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin Receptor', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity24698 :: (14360(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['FYN']


abstract: @entity19609 ( @entity19609 ) is an excess of work-related irritations of the skin and mucous membranes and of symptoms such as @entity10 and @entity1295 in those working in modern air-conditioned buildings. We aimed to analyse the @entity16 , especially @entity10 , in workers with potential @entity19609 . The most frequent symptoms were @entity10 and @entity936 . Sex was a major factor of difference: @entity1 report more symptoms than @entity1 . A positive correlation emerged between the number of symptoms and the asthenia scale score. Only 11 (8.2% of the whole sample) and 37 (27.4%) workers met all the IHS criteria for @entity2704 and @entity2701 respectively. At least one symptom of @entity19609 was present in 92.6% of workers. A negative correlation emerges between air conditioning and @entity10 during working hours. No correlation emerges between the workplace comfort indicator and @entity19609 and asthenic symptoms while a negative correlation was found between @entity2704 and @entity2701 and comfort in the workplace. @entity19609 symptoms are very frequent among all workers but @entity10 is the primary symptom.

title: XXXX of the sick building syndrome: analysis of a questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity19609 :: ('MESH:D018877', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'Sick building syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological symptoms']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: Metastatic epidural spinal @entity1745 frequently leads to central @entity9 symptoms, which are often difficult to treat. A new treatment option is being presented. SETTING: Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 54-year-old male @entity1 suffering from metastatic @entity788 . During the course of his disease the @entity1 developed a @entity751 due to metastatic compression of the spinal cord. After surgical decompression was performed, @entity1 developed a severe at-level @entity9 , consisting of dysesthesias and @entity1931 . After all other pharmacological approaches had failed, treatment with @entity3303 5% patches was initiated. Within 4 h after the first patch application, @entity1109 started to disappear. After 12 h, @entity1 had become @entity158 free. This topical treatment was continued during several weeks with lasting analgesic efficacy. CONCLUSION: This case report indicates that transdermal administration of @entity3303 could be potentially useful in the treatment of @entity12761 . We hypothesize that the transdermal administration of @entity3303 induces suppression of ectopic impulses in sensitized cutaneous afferents, leading to some kind of 'dewinding syndrome' in the dorsal horn, which in turn leads to a @entity2531 .

title: Treatment of an acute severe central XXXX by topical application of @entity3303 5% patch: a case report.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['completely pain']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of painful symptoms']

entities_list: @entity12761 :: ('MESH:D059787', 'Disease') :: ['acute central painful neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain syndrome']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain syndrome']


abstract: It was previously reported that chronic food restriction and @entity3839 -induced @entity6 to brain region-specific changes in levels of Prodyn-derived peptides. These changes parallel behavioral adaptations that are reversed by opioid antagonists. In the present study, effects of food restriction and @entity6 on Prodyn gene expression were measured in @entity35 brain regions using a quantitative solution hybridization mRNA assay. Picogram amounts of Prodyn mRNA were determined in extracts of five brain regions. The highest density of Prodyn mRNA was observed in extracts of nucleus accumbens (4.68 pg/microg total RNA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (4.18 pg/microg), and in caudate nucleus (3.51 pg/microg). Lower levels were observed in the @entity2339 (1.87 pg/microg) and central nucleus of the amygdala (1.22 pg/microg). Food restriction and @entity6 both markedly increased the levels of Prodyn mRNA in the central amygdala (163% and 93%, respectively). Levels in the @entity2339 were also increased (35% and 29%, respectively), though only the food-restriction effect was statistically significant. Neither treatment altered prodynorphin mRNA levels in the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens or bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. These results suggest that dynorphin neurons in central amygdala and @entity2339 may be involved in behavioral or physiological adaptations to sustained metabolic need.

title: Chronic food restriction and @entity3839 -induced @entity6 differentially alter prodynorphin mRNA levels in XXXX brain regions.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes lead', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Standard chemoradiation therapy for @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) results in suboptimal outcomes with a high rate of local failure and poor overall survival. We hypothesize that dose escalation using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) boost could improve upon these results. We present here a study evaluating the dosimetric feasibility of such an approach. METHODS: Anonymized CT data sets from five randomly selected @entity1 with stage III @entity1149 undergoing definitive chemoradiation therapy in our department with disease volumes appropriate for SBRT boost were selected. Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) plans to 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions were generated follow by SBRT plans to two dose levels, 16 Gy in two fractions and 28 Gy in two fractions. SBRT plans and total composite (3D-CRT and SBRT) were optimized and evaluated for target coverage and dose to critical structures; lung, esophagus, cord, and heart. RESULTS: All five plans met predetermined target coverage and normal tissue dose constraints. @entity343 V95 was equal to or greater than 95% in all cases. The cumulative lung V20 and V5 of the combined 3D-CRT and SBRT plans were less than or equal to 30 and 55%, respectively. The 5 cc esophageal dose was less than 12 Gy for all low and high dose SBRT plans. The cumulative dose to the esophagus was also acceptable with less than 10% of the esophagus receiving doses in excess of 50 Gy. The cumulative spinal cord dose was less than 33 Gy and heart V25 was less than 5%. CONCLUSION: The combination of chemoradiation to 50.4 Gy followed by SBRT boost to gross disease at the @entity5 and involved regional lymph nodes is feasible with respect to normal tissue dose constraints in this dosimetric pilot study. A phase I/II trial to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of this approach is being undertaken.

title: Dosimetric Feasibility of Dose Escalation Using SBRT Boost for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 underwent an ultrasound examination within 48 hours of delivery to assess prospectively the reliability of the diagnosis of @entity1592 . Sonographic parameters examined included the abdominal circumference, sonographic estimate of fetal weight, the head to abdominal circumference ratio, and the femur length to abdominal circumference ratio. The best obstetric estimate of gestational age was used. The diagnosis of @entity851 was based on the postnatal ponderal index, and or the birthweight and crown-heel length percentiles. Seventeen @entity1 were @entity851 . Fifteen @entity1 had a birthweight less than the 10th percentile, but only nine (60%) were either asymmetrically @entity851 (by their ponderal index) or symmetrically @entity851 (by virtue of a birthweight and length less than the 10th percentile). All sonographic parameters were better able to predict a birthweight below the 10th percentile for gestational age than @entity851 . An abdominal circumference less than the 2.5 percentile for gestational age had the highest sensitivity for @entity851 (88.0%) of the parameters studied. Only the abdominal circumference centile identified all @entity1 with either @entity851 or asymmetric @entity851 associated with a birthweight below the 10th percentile. A sonographic estimate of fetal weight below the 10th percentile had the highest positive predictive value for @entity851 --38%. In contrast to the overall poor positive predictive values, the negative predictive values for all parameters studied exceeded 90%. Combining the abdominal circumference percentile with one of the three remaining techniques did not significantly improve diagnostic accuracy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sonographic diagnosis of XXXX using the postnatal ponderal index and the crown-heel length as standards of diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['symmetric growth retardation', 'growth retardation', 'growth retarded']

answer: @entity1592 :: (MESH:D005317,Disease) :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a study on @entity17126 humeroscapularis or "frozen shoulder," a @entity260 of @entity439 surgery. The purpose of this study was to seek the cause of this complication and the methods of preventing it in @entity1 who undergo @entity439 surgery. METHODS: The diagnosis of frozen shoulder was based on the clinical presence of shoulder @entity158 and difficulty in raising arms that developed within 3 months of surgery. Sixty-four @entity1 who underwent @entity439 surgery with no @entity51 were examined and classified into three groups: (1) early surgery (29 @entity1 in the acute stage after @entity510 ); (2) delayed surgery (19 @entity1 in the chronic stage); and (3) elective surgery (16 @entity1 with @entity439 ). RESULTS: The incidence of frozen shoulder was 41% in the early surgery group, 16% in the delayed surgery group, and 13% in the elective surgery group. The highest incidence of frozen shoulder was found to occur in the early surgery group and was attributed to the immobility of their upper extremities during postoperative treatment. Since @entity1 who undergo surgery in the acute stage are often delirious and @entity911 for several days after surgery, their arms are tied down by their sides in order to prevent them from inadvertently removing catheters such as the one for ventricular drainage. It seems that this manner of immobilizing the @entity1 's arms is the cause of the development of frozen shoulder: Our study showed that if each arm was passively raised by turns above the @entity1 's shoulder, the @entity1 was able to maintain the range of motion of the upper arms and was less likely to develop frozen shoulder. CONCLUSION: Inactivity of the shoulder joints due to immobilizing the upper extremities of @entity1 after acute @entity439 surgery seemed to cause the development of frozen shoulder. The incidence of this complication was greatly reduced by keeping the @entity1 's upper arms raised alternately to maintain their range of motion after acute @entity439 surgery.

title: Development and prevention of frozen shoulder after acute XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17126 :: ('MESH:D010489', 'Disease') :: ['periarthritis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confused']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: In first-line metastatic @entity0 , both @entity1311 (P)- @entity632 (A) and @entity1205 (D)- @entity632 (A) combinations have shown superiority over treatments without @entity3907 . The aim of this study was to compare the two combinations. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive (except for adjuvant therapy) metastatic @entity0 @entity1 were randomly assigned to intravenous @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ) or AP (arm P) every 3 weeks for a maximum of four cycles, then four cycles of single agent @entity1205 ( @entity1345 ) or @entity1311 (arm P). Primary endpoint was overall quality of life (QoL) measured by EORTC QLQ-C30 after four courses of @entity632 - @entity3907 combination. Secondary endpoints were @entity137 , overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and QoL sub-scores. RESULTS: Between March 2000 and April 2004, 210 @entity1 were randomized: 103 to arm P and 107 to @entity1345 . @entity1 characteristics were well balanced between arms. After four courses, QoL score differences between groups or compared to baseline scores were not significant. Response rate was 39.6% for @entity1345 and 41.8% for AP. After a median follow-up of 50.2 months, median PFS and median OS were 8.7 and 21.4 months in @entity1345 and 8.0 and 27.3 months in arm P (p = 0.977 and 0.081, respectively). @entity1503 was significantly more frequent in @entity1345 than in arm P (p < 10(-6)), as well as grades 3-4 asthenia (p = 0.03). @entity16 occurred more frequently in arm P (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: In this study, @entity1311 or @entity1205 combined with @entity632 were not significantly different in terms of QoL scores and efficacy, but had different @entity137 profiles.

title: A phase-III trial of @entity632 and @entity1205 versus @entity632 and XXXX in metastatic @entity0 : results of the ERASME 3 study.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: We report on the efficacy and @entity137 of a sequential high-dose therapy with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) support in 85 @entity1 with high-risk stage II/III @entity0 . There were 71 @entity1 with more than nine @entity5 -positive axillary lymph nodes. An induction therapy of two cycles of @entity1260 (total dose, 7.5 g m(-2)) and @entity1259 (120 mg m(-2)) was given, and PBSC were harvested during @entity1261 -supported leucocyte recovery following the second cycle. The PBSC-supported high-dose chemotherapy consisted of two cycles of @entity1260 (total dose, 12,000 mg m(-2)), @entity3003 (900 mg m(-2)) and @entity1259 (180 mg m(-2)). @entity1 were autografted with a median number of 3.7 x 10(6) @entity2280 + cells kg(-1) (range, 1.9-26.5 x 10(6)) resulting in haematological reconstitution within approximately 2 weeks following high-dose therapy. The @entity137 was moderate in general, and there was no treatment-related @entity137 . Twenty-one @entity1 relapsed between 3 and 30 months following the last cycle of high-dose therapy (median, 11 months). The probability of disease-free and overall survival at 4 years were 60% and 83%, respectively. According to a multivariate analysis, @entity1 with @entity34 had a significantly better probability of disease-free survival (74%) in comparison to @entity1 with @entity5 (36%). The probability of disease-free survival was also significantly better for @entity1 with @entity2931 receptor-positive @entity5 (70%) compared to @entity1 with receptor-negative ones (40%). Bone marrow samples collected from 52 @entity1 after high-dose therapy were examined to evaluate the prognostic relevance of @entity5 cells. The proportion of @entity1 presenting with @entity5 cell-positive samples did not change in comparison to that observed before high-dose therapy (65% vs 71%), but a decrease in the incidence and concentration of @entity5 cells was observed over time after high-dose therapy. This finding was true for @entity1 with relapse and for those in remission, which argues against a prognostic significance of @entity5 cells in bone marrow. In conclusion, sequential high-dose chemotherapy with PBSC support can be safely administered to @entity1 with high-risk stage II/III @entity0 . Further intensification of the therapy, including the addition of non-cross resistant drugs or immunological approaches such as the use of antibodies against @entity1722 , may be envisaged for @entity1 with @entity5 and hormone receptor-negative @entity5 .

title: Stage III and XXXX receptor negativity are associated with poor prognosis after adjuvant high-dose therapy in high-risk @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic death']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['isolated tumour', 'stage III disease', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Subcutaneous recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and recombinant interferon alfa-2a (rIFNalpha-2a) have been used extensively in the treatment of metastatic @entity703 . Most results, coming from noncontrolled phase II trials, showed inconsistent rates of response. More recently, the addition of @entity1487 (FU) was proposed to improve the efficacy of these regimens. @entity1 AND METHODS: The role of a subcutaneous combination of @entity5041 and rIFNalpha-2a with or without FU was investigated. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a combination of @entity5041 and rIFNalpha-2a at weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7 or the same combination together with a continuous infusion of FU at weeks 1 and 5. The major end points of this multicenter, randomized trial were progression-free survival, response rate, and @entity137 . Overall survival was a secondary end point. @entity5 responses were reviewed by an independent committee. Analysis of the results was performed on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one @entity1 were enrolled. There was no difference in @entity137 between the arms, and no toxic death was observed. One partial response was observed in arm A and five in arm B. Progression-free survival did not differ between the arms, and rates at 1 year were 12% and 15% in arms A and B, respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected in any end point. CONCLUSION: The subcutaneous combination of @entity5041 and rIFNalpha-2a with or without FU does not benefit @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 . Neither of these regimens can be recommended as standard treatment. The results of the subcutaneous cytokine regimen seem disappointing.

title: Treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity703 with a combination of subcutaneous XXXX and interferon alfa with or without @entity1487 . Groupe Fran  ais d'Immunoth  rapie, F  d  ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer', 'renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional T2-weighted (T2W) imaging alone has a poor sensitivity for @entity263 detection. PURPOSE: To evaluate combined T2W and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) versus T2W MRI alone for identifying @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity263 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity263 (46 stage 1 and 2, 8 stage 3) and sextant biopsies within the previous 3 months were studied. Endorectal MR images were analyzed by two radiologists (1 experienced, 1 trainee) blinded to @entity1 information and histopathology. T2W images were scored first, followed by combined T2W and isotropic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps calculated from DW-MRI (b = 0, 300, 500, and 800 s/mm(2)). Gland apex, middle, and base for each side were scored negative, indeterminate, or positive for @entity5 . Imaging data for each sextant were compared with histology. Sensitivity, specificity, and interobserver agreement were calculated. RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity for @entity5 identification significantly improved from 50% and 79.6% (T2W alone, experienced observer) to 73.2% and 80.8% (P<0.001), respectively. For the trainee observer, there was no improvement (44.3% and 72% T2W alone vs. 45.1% and 69.2% T2W plus ADC maps). Interobserver agreement was moderate for T2W imaging alone (kappa 0.51) and fair for T2W plus ADC maps (kappa 0.33). CONCLUSION: In an experienced observer, DW-MRI together with T2W imaging can significantly improve @entity5 identification in @entity263 .

title: Evaluation of the potential of diffusion-weighted imaging in XXXX detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine structured language skills in @entity1 with perinatal @entity64 . @entity1 were 28 school-age @entity1 with early focal @entity75 (17 with left hemisphere [LH] damage, 11 with right hemisphere [RH] damage), and 57 controls. A standardized test of language (Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Revised) was administered. Receptive, Expressive, and Total Language scores, as well as subtest scores, were analyzed. Control @entity1 scored within the normal range, whereas the LH and RH groups scored significantly more poorly than did controls. There were no differences between the LH and RH groups on any of the language scores, and all scores were below the 14th percentile. Within the lesion group as a whole, scores were not related to lesion laterality, site, or severity. Results also were not accounted for by socioeconomic status or IQ. However, @entity1 who experienced @entity410 demonstrated significantly poorer performance than did @entity1 who did not experience @entity410 . Damage to either the LH or RH early in development adversely affects later language abilities, particularly on tasks with structured and complex linguistic demands. Although lesion side has little effect, the presence or absence of @entity410 is a major contributor to language outcome.

title: Language outcome after perinatal XXXX : does side matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: To estimate the prevalence of @entity74 in youngstock and first parity heifers and to evaluate the effect of grazing on @entity74 , 10 Dutch dairy herds participated in a 2-year longitudinal study. Five herds were zero-grazed, while in the other five herds @entity291 and youngstock had access to pasture during the summer. Twenty female @entity291 <1 year of age and 20 females between 1 and 2 years of age were randomly selected on each farm, and were individually monitored at 3 monthly intervals for 2 years. Data from 366 animals with at least five observations were analysed using linear mixed models with a binomial error distribution. Independent variables were grazing, age, month of observation and previous occurrence of the disorder, while herd and animal were included as random effects. Of these 366 animals, 287 had calved once and 76 twice at the end of the study. Analytic results were obtained for @entity11536 ( @entity11536 ), @entity548 (SH), all of which had a prevalence of >15%. The prevalence of @entity11536 increased considerably around first calving on both the grazing and the zero-grazing farms. The prevalence of IDHE increased with age while SH prevalence showed a more fluctuating pattern. @entity11536 was less frequently observed in pastured animals than in permanently housed animals (OR=0.12-0.64 depending on month of observation; P<0.05), with the strongest effect being seen during the period when the herds which grazed @entity291 actually had animals at pasture (May to August). Grazing was also associated with lower levels of IDHE and SH, again particularly during the grazing season.

title: A longitudinal study into the effect of grazing on @entity74 in female XXXX and young dairy @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['Digital dermatitis', 'digital dermatitis', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'cattle', 'calves']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['claw disorders']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['interdigital dermatitis/heel horn erosion (IDHE) and sole haemorrhages']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effect of @entity8 in @entity879 is not studied extensively. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity1 of @entity879 were studied prospectively to determine the prevalence of @entity177 and its effect on survival. RESULTS: The mean age of these @entity1 was 36 +/- 7.2 years and there were 21 males and 29 females. Twenty two @entity1 (44%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive. @entity8 was observed in 19 @entity1 (38%). @entity4295 was seen in 7 @entity1 (38%) while @entity2629 and functional @entity177 occurred in six @entity1 each (37%). @entity177 occurred more commonly in @entity1 with @entity1087 . In these @entity1 it occurred in less than four days and prior to onset of @entity75 , @entity843 , and @entity360 . Histopathological examination of kidney (done in 8 @entity1 ) revealed @entity4295 in 4 @entity1 while @entity1 with functional @entity177 and @entity2629 had normal histology. A good correlation was observed between biochemical parameters and histology of kidney in all the @entity1 . The survival amongst the @entity1 with @entity2874 was 28% (14 of 50 @entity1 ). Poor prognostic indicators were a leukocyte count of more than 16.5 x 10(9)/liter, prothrombin index of less than 34%, a peak serum @entity648 of more than 376 mumol/liter and presence of @entity177 . Only 3 of 19 @entity1 with @entity177 survived. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a major indicator of poor prognosis in @entity1 with @entity2874 .

title: Effect of @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'Renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2629 :: ('MESH:D053099', 'Disease') :: ['prerenal azotemia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated lengthening of normal small intestinal segments using mechanical expanders. The present study assesses the feasibility of intestinal lengthening in @entity35 that have undergone extensive small intestinal resection. METHODS: Female @entity35 underwent small intestinal resection. After 6 weeks, the animals underwent the placement of a mechanical expander device with or without gradual mechanical lengthening. After 3 weeks, the intestinal segments were retrieved for analyses. RESULTS: Isolated intestinal segments without mechanical lengthening did not change in length, whereas isolated intestinal segments that were mechanically lengthened more than doubled their initial length. The total alkaline phosphatase activity was 2.4 mumol/min in the isolated intestinal segments and 4.9 mumol/min in the mechanically lengthened segments. The total @entity12115 activity was 0.005 mumol/min in the isolated intestinal segments and 0.007 mumol/min in the mechanically lengthened segments. Smooth muscle thickness was 370 mum in the isolated intestinal segments and 530 mum in the mechanically lengthened segments. CONCLUSION: Mechanical small bowel lengthening was achieved in intestinal segments after extensive small intestinal resection. There was an increase in the total alkaline phosphatase activity and preservation of the total @entity12115 activity. Mechanical lengthening may be a useful technique to increase intestinal length in @entity1 with @entity5277 .

title: Intestinal lengthening in XXXX after massive small intestinal resection.

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: In the adult organism, it is well established that @entity519 followed by reperfusion may be fatal and result in generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and subsequent tissue damage. There is also considerable evidence that temporary decrease or interruption in @entity26 supply to the embryo and ROS generation during reperfusion result in tissue damage in embryonic tissues. A wide spectrum of different @entity600 by transient @entity519 could be produced, depending on the duration, extent, and timing of the @entity519 event. It is the contention of this paper that drugs that block the @entity972 channel IKr, either as an intended pharmacologic effect or as an unwanted side-effect, are potentially teratogenic by a common ROS related mechanism. Drugs blocking the IKr channel, such as almokalant, @entity2781 , @entity3174 , @entity4392 and @entity11366 , do all produce a similar pattern of @entity519 -related @entity600 . Mechanistic studies show that the @entity600 are preceded by embryonic @entity943 and periods of @entity519 /reoxygenation in embryonic tissues. Pretreatment or simultaneous treatment with radical scavengers with capacity to capture ROS, markedly decrease the teratogenicity of different IKr blocking drugs. A second aim of this review is to demonstrate that the conventional design of teratology studies is not optimal to detect @entity600 caused by IKr blocking drugs. Repeated high doses result in high incidences of @entity204 due embryonic @entity943 , thus masking their teratogenic potential. Instead, single dosing on specific days is proposed to be a better way to characterize the teratogenic potential of Ikr blocking drugs.

title: XXXX and generation of reactive @entity26 species: common teratogenic mechanism for IKr blocking drugs.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

entities_list: @entity11366 :: ('MESH:D016589', 'Chemical') :: ['astemizole']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Embryonic cardiac arrhythmia']


abstract: Isolated limb infusion (ILI) is a minimally invasive technique of delivering regional chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity320 or soft-tissue @entity242 of the limb. We report the final results of the first clinical trial of ILI in North America (NCT00004250). Eligible @entity1 had recurrent @entity320 or unresectable soft-tissue @entity242 of the limb. Angiographic catheters were positioned just above the knee or elbow of the extremity. General anesthesia was performed, a proximal tourniquet inflated, and a normothermic, low flow, @entity519 infusion of melphalan and @entity4316 circulated through the involved limb for 20 min. @entity5 response and morbidity were assessed using standard criteria. Thirty-seven @entity1 were accrued to the trial and 44 ILIs were performed (eight @entity1 had two ILIs); one @entity1 was not treated. Of the 32 evaluable @entity1 , 17 (53%) had a significant response at 3 months: 25% of @entity1 had a complete response and 28% of @entity1 had a partial response. The median duration of complete response was 1 year (5-32 months). Morbidity was acceptable, with peak erythema, @entity4 , and @entity158 experienced at 2 weeks and considered 'moderate' in most @entity1 . No @entity1 developed @entity2054 or required amputation because of ILI. ILI is well tolerated. More than half of the treated @entity1 experienced a complete or partial response.

title: Isolated limb infusion with melphalan and @entity4316 for regional XXXX and soft-tissue @entity242 of the extremity: final report of a phase II clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: For elderly @entity1 , epidemiological data are rare for @entity1576 and completely missing for @entity5419 . The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors for sensitizations in 109 @entity1 with a mean age of 77 years, who are living in a geriatric nursing home. The cross-sectional study included a detailed interview, skin prick tests, and serum tests for specific and total IgE, @entity379 , and @entity8389 , a marker for Th2-lymphocyte activity. Almost all study subjects (n=101) suffered from co-morbidity, 14 from type I @entity566 , 25 from @entity344 treated with anti- @entity1066 drugs, 25 were chronic alcoholics and 21 were smokers. The total IgE levels were significantly higher in @entity1 (P=0.025), and not affected by smoking or @entity167 consumption. Skin prick tests were positive in 41.7% of tested @entity1 . Specific @entity1576 was found in 40.4% of all @entity1 and was elevated in @entity1 (P=0.013), with a significant correlation to smoking (P=0.029). Specific @entity6766 was detected in 24.8%, apparently without connection to the investigated risk factors. However, positive skin prick tests with food allergens could be correlated with chronic @entity167 consumption (P=0.036). The intake of anti- @entity1066 medication was significantly correlated with elevated @entity8389 levels as an indirect readout for Th2-cell activity (P<0.001). The risk factors for sensitization in elderly to @entity1576 were chronic damage of @entity1576 due to smoking, and for sensitization to food allergens chronic @entity167 consumption.

title: Risk assessment in elderly for sensitization to food and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['IgE to food allergens']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['IgE to respiratory allergens', 'respiratory allergies', 'respiratory allergens', 'respiratory epithelia']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergens']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical findings between @entity1 with @entity409 (MGD) and normal controls and to propose diagnostic criteria for obstructive MGD. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational case series. @entity1 : Fifty-three eyes of 53 @entity1 (18 @entity1 , 35 @entity1 ; age [mean +/- standard deviation] 71.4 +/- 10.0 years) who were diagnosed with obstructive MGD and 60 eyes of 60 healthy volunteers (22 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 ; 71.0 +/- 9.3 years) as a control group. METHODS: Ocular symptoms were scored from 0 to 14 according to the number of existing symptoms. @entity854 was scored from 0 to 4 depending on the number of existing abnormalities. Meibomian gland changes were scored from 0 to 6 based on noncontact meibography (meibo-score). Superficial punctuate keratopathy (SPK) was scored from 0 to 3. Meibum was graded from 0 to 3 depending on the volume and quality. Tear film production was evaluated by Schirmer's test. Receiver operating characteristic curves with calculations of area under the curve (AUC) were used to describe the accuracy of each parameter to differentiate obstructive MGD from normal eyes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ocular symptom score, lid margin abnormality score, meibo-score, meibum score, SPK score, tear film breakup time (BUT), and the Schirmer value. RESULTS: Ocular symptom score, lid margin abnormality score, meibo-score, meibum score, and SPK score were significantly higher in the obstructive MGD group than in the control group (P<0.0001 for all scores). The BUT was significantly shorter in the obstructive MGD group than in the control group (P<0.0001). The AUC values indicated that the ocular symptom score had the highest diagnostic power as a single parameter, followed by the lid margin abnormality score, meibo-score, and BUT. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these findings, we recommend that physicians use the ocular symptom score, lid margin abnormality score, and meibo-score to diagnose MGD. Obstructive MGD should be suspected when any 2 of the 3 scores are abnormal. Obstructive MGD is very likely when all 3 scores are abnormal.

title: Proposed diagnostic criteria for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Lid margin abnormality']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction']


abstract: The aim was to study road-related injuries and fatalities in under 15 year olds in two time periods (1996-2000 and 2004-2008 inclusive) to assess whether progress has been made via cross-sectoral efforts to reduce this injury toll in Ireland. For pedestrian and car-related accidents, police assistance is required and at the time a detailed @entity55729 form is completed by the attending officer and sent to the Road Safety Authority for analysis. Details re the severity of injury, light and road conditions and safety measures such as seat belt or car restraint use, seat position and helmet use if a cyclist were recorded. Injuries were sub-classified as fatalities, serious (detained in hospital, @entity174 , severe @entity542 , severe @entity130 requiring treatment) or minor. All data for the two time periods was entered onto an SPSS database. A concerted national campaign re road safety media campaign allied to random breath testing, penalty points for driving offences, on the spot fines for speeding and far greater police enforcement took place between the two time frames and continues to this day. When looked at as most likely estimates of @entity204 ratios the results were found to be statistically significant with an overall p value of < 0.0001 CI [0.39, 0.69]. When broken down into specific age ranges all were significant apart from the 0-3 age range with a p value of 0.69 CI [0.26, 1.1]. The most significant changes were found in the 7-9 years, 10-12 and 13-15 year age ranges with p values of < 0.0001, 0.0002 and 0.0007 respectively. When results were compared between the two cohorts, car occupant fatalities between both groups dropped by 36%. Pedestrian injuries dropped from 1719 to 1232, pedestrian fatalities decreased by almost 50% as did serious pedestrian injuries from 261 down to 129. Cyclist fatalities saw the most significant fall (76%) with a dramatic reduction in cyclist injuries from 25 down to 6 (63%). The 13-15 year old age group had the highest mortality and morbidity in both cohorts. Documented restraint use was less than 70% in both cohorts. A national road safety campaign, greater police enforcement and a cultural change has seen road-related injuries in @entity1 drop very significantly (by 50%) over the two time periods and this campaign should continue.

title: Progress in reducing road-related @entity204 and injuries in Irish XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['internal injuries or shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the highest possible dose of @entity786 (C) and @entity2879 (E) to be given with high-dose @entity632 (D) and filgrastim ( @entity1261 ) but without stem cell support in high-risk @entity1893 . @entity1 AND METHODS: High-dose CDE was given to 18 evaluable @entity1 , 5 had previous chemotherapy. All @entity1 received D 90 mg/sqm and @entity1261 20 micrograms/kg/day. The first cohort had C 1800 mg/sqm and E 450 mg/sqm. Chemotherapy was given in equally divided doses over three days. Dose escalation was performed thrice up to C 3900 mg/sqm and E 975 mg/sqm. One to four courses were given. RESULTS: The median number of days (quartile values) with neutrophils < 0.5 x 10(9)/l was 9 days (7-10), untransfused platelets < 20 x 10(9)/l 6 days (3-7), fever > or = 38 degrees C 5 days (3-8), intravenous antibiotics 10 days (9-12), with packed red cell transfusion 1 day (0-2), and with platelet transfusion 2 days (1-3). Six @entity1 had complete remission and 11 partial remission from first course. There was no difference in @entity137 according to dose level. A second course was given to 15 @entity1 , resulting in fewer days with @entity1398 (mean 7.2), and intravenous antibiotics (mean 6.3). @entity33 was the main non-hematologic @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Very high-dose CDE with @entity1261 but without stem cell support is feasible as primary therapy. The @entity137 was similar to that of standard autologous stem cell transplantation programs.

title: Dose escalation of high-dose @entity786 and @entity2879 with high-dose @entity632 (CDE) and filgrastim for poor-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) in the anatomic evaluation and management planning of complex @entity790 . METHODS: Multiplanar T(1) and T(2)-weighted MR images were obtained in 6 pediatric @entity1 with @entity790 , including aphallia, diphallia, ectopic scrotum, and @entity7890 . The imaging studies were read by experienced radiologists and discussed with the urologic surgeons in a multidisciplinary conference. RESULTS: Each @entity154 was demonstrated in detail by @entity2996 . The MR images of @entity546 showed @entity2150 and a vestigial bulb. In @entity1 with @entity546 , @entity2996 was able to delineate the course of each corporal body and the varying degree of @entity121 . For the @entity1 with @entity8145 , detailed MR images excluded both the possibility of urethral and corporal duplications and the presence of viable testes in the ectopic scrotum. In the case of @entity7890 , @entity2996 illustrated the precise spatial relationship between the erectile bodies and urethra. Additionally, @entity2996 identified related aberrant pelvic organs and provided images of the external genital structures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2996 , by rendering excellent anatomic interpretation of @entity790 and associated abnormal pelvic tissues, assists surgeons in conceptualizing the anomalous structures and contributes to their formulation of management approaches.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of XXXX of the external genitalia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic corpora cavernosa']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['MRI', 'magnetic resonance imaging']

entities_list: @entity8145 :: ('MESH:D014063', 'Disease') :: ['scrotal ectopia']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile agenesis', 'penile duplication']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness of the tunica albuginea']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['congenital genitourinary anomalies', 'complex genital anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: Two @entity1 with @entity454 from @entity6 on peritoneal dialysis for 2 or more years developed @entity298 secondary to @entity1188 with associated @entity1897 . The dialysate had WBC counts > 200/microL, of which 70% or more were polymorphonuclear cells, and RBC counts of 60/microL or less, although transient @entity18767 occurred in both @entity1 . Extensive @entity731 as well as @entity1503 were also present in both @entity1 . One @entity1 had @entity6582 due to decreased plasma volume. The other @entity1 had evidence of @entity7092 . The @entity1 responded well to anticoagulation with @entity1229 . When the @entity1229 was discontinued, recurrent @entity999 in both @entity1 . @entity1188 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity6 @entity1 with @entity731 who present with @entity298 that does not respond to antibiotic therapy, especially if @entity18767 occurs even transiently. The diagnosis can be confirmed with CT scan of the abdomen. @entity1229 therapy is effective in preventing recurrent @entity887 , but may need to be continued indefinitely.

title: @entity1188 presenting as @entity298 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity7092 :: ('MESH:C562727', 'Disease') :: ['dysfibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity999 :: ('MESH:D020766', 'Disease') :: ['emboli occurred']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic phenomena']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['splenic infarcts', 'Splenic infarct']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease', 'atherosclerotic vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['sterile peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral embolic phenomena']


abstract: Antibodies against the alpha-subunit of the @entity934 receptor (AChR) are found in most @entity1 with @entity1737 and are considered to contribute to the receptor damage which leads to the characteristic signs and symptoms of the disease. This B-cell response is T-cell driven. Elevated T-cell reactivities to AChR and its alpha-subunit have been described in @entity1737 , and AChR alpha-subunit peptide reactive T-cell lines and clones preferentially recognizing certain defined sequence segments have been reported, thereby disclosing the possibility of specific immunotherapy. We have defined the T-cell repertoire to AChR, its alpha-subunit and the synthetic peptide sequences 100-117, 113-130, 143-163, 161-179, 207-225, 221-240, and 235-255 of the alpha-subunit in an immunospot assay which is based on secretion of @entity379 ( @entity379 ) by individual @entity2414 cells upon stimulation with specific antigen in short-term cultures. Most @entity1 with @entity1737 displayed T-cell reactivities to 1 to 6 different peptides. The mean numbers of T cells recognizing individual peptides varied in the @entity1737 @entity1 between 1 per 77,000 and 1 per 167,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. None of the seven peptides evaluated could be identified as an immunodominant T-cell epitope, and any of them was found to dominate in individual @entity1 . The numbers of T cells reacting with AChR and recombinant @entity1 AChR alpha-subunit were slightly higher (mean numbers 1 per 26,000 and 1 per 50,000 mononuclear cells, respectively). Such cells, as well as AChR alpha-subunit peptide reactive T cells, were also found in @entity1 with other @entity16 and in healthy subjects, but at lower frequencies and numbers. In @entity1737 , the elevated numbers of @entity2414 cells recognizing multiple AChR alpha-subunit peptides may be crucial for the development of the disease, and the @entity379 released by such T cells might be important for its perpetuation.

title: The T-cell repertoire in XXXX involves multiple cholinergic receptor epitopes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']