abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) and the factors associated with @entity1939 during 5 years of follow-up in the Collaborative Initial @entity726 Treatment Study. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : A total of 607 newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity1538 were recruited from 14 clinical centers in the United States. METHODS: @entity1 were assigned randomly either to initial medical therapy or initial trabeculectomy. Study @entity1 received clinical examinations and quality-of-life (QOL) evaluations at baseline and 6-month intervals. The QOL questionnaire was administered by trained telephone interviewers at a centralized interviewing center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The QOL questionnaire included an assessment of @entity1939 , measures of vision-related functioning, and measures of general physical and psychosocial well being. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to assess clinical and QOL measures associated with @entity1939 over time. RESULTS: After being told about the @entity726 diagnosis but before randomization, 34% of @entity1 reported at least a moderate amount of @entity1939 . This percent dropped to 11% at 5 years. In multivariable ordinal logistic regression models, younger age, being white, and having less education and a lower income were associated with increased @entity1939 (all P<0.05). At the 36-month follow-up, @entity227 was associated significantly with increased @entity1939 (P = 0.006); visual acuity loss, although related to increased @entity1939 , did not achieve statistical significance (P = 0.327). Self-reported visual function measures explained more of the variation in @entity1939 over time than did demographic, clinical, or physical or psychosocial measures. Initial treatment assignment (medicine or surgery) was not associated with @entity1939 . The most significant correlate over time with @entity1939 was the perceived impact on an individual's ability to perform visual tasks. CONCLUSIONS: More attention to reducing @entity726 @entity1 ' @entity1939 at diagnosis and over time is warranted. Fear of @entity1939 over time is related more to how much an individual is bothered by their inability to perform visual tasks than to their monocular visual acuity or visual field assessments.

title: Fear of XXXX Treatment Study: patterns and correlates over time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field progression']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['FOB', 'fear of blindness', 'blindness']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['blindness in the Collaborative Initial Glaucoma']


abstract: AIMS: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of gene therapy mediated by ultrasound-targeted SonoVue using the herpes simplex virus- @entity1014 kinase ( @entity9100 -TK) driven by the kinase insert domain receptor ( @entity11132 ) promoter ( @entity11132 -TK) for the treatment of @entity43 in @entity19 . The optimized conditions for gene transfection were also explored. MAIN METHODS: In this study, we developed a novel technique to deliver a plasmid vector-carried gene into @entity5 xenografts in sixty @entity19 . We first mixed plasmid DNA with SonoVue to form microbubbles and then treated the @entity19 with ultrasound sonication to enhance plasmid gene transfection and expression in @entity5 xenografts. KEY FINDINGS: The data showed that injection of pBluescript- @entity11132 -TK cDNA mixed with SonoVue into @entity19 plus ultrasound sonication significantly (Group E) increased the transfection efficiency and expression of @entity11132 -TK mRNA in @entity5 xenografts. The growth of @entity5 xenografts in @entity19 was significantly suppressed in Group E compared to the other four control groups (Groups A, B, C, and D, namely, treatment with @entity1391 -buffered saline (PBS), @entity11132 -TK+PBS, @entity11132 -TK+SonoVue, @entity11132 -TK+PBS+ultrasound sonication, respectively). TUNEL staining showed that SonoVue plus ultrasound sonication significantly induced apoptosis and reduced microvessel density (MVD). SIGNIFICANCE: This study revealed that the formulation of plasmid with SonoVue plus ultrasound could provide efficient gene delivery into @entity5 xenografts. Increased gene expression was observed in vivo, which effectively reduced the @entity5 growth and MVD of @entity5 xenografts and induced apoptosis in @entity5 cells. Future clinical trials are necessary to further analyze the relevance of this technique.

title: A novel plasmid and SonoVue formulation plus ultrasound sonication for effective gene delivery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of @entity1271 is the most common reason for use of antimicrobial agents in dairy @entity291 . The responsible use of antimicrobials could be strengthened by knowledge of predictors for cure, which would help to tailor treatment decisions. Ideally, to allow for widespread uptake, this would be achieved using data that are routinely available. To assess whether this is feasible in practice, farmers were invited to submit milk samples from @entity1271 cases to their veterinary practice for bacteriological culture. Among 624 culture-positive samples, 251 were positive for @entity8211 . Using @entity291 -level data, cases were classified as severe, first nonsevere, repeat, or subclinical. Additional data were collected at the @entity291 level [somatic cell count (SCC), parity, lactation stage, milk yield, fat and protein contents, treatment] and at the herd level (housing, bedding, premilking teat disinfection, postmilking teat disinfection). Severe cases were overrepresented among heifers and animals in early lactation, and repeat cases were overrepresented in @entity291 with 3 or more lactations. The probability of cure was higher among first- and second-parity animals than among older @entity291 , and was higher in animals with a single elevated @entity291 -level SCC than in animals with multiple high SCC records. Results obtained in the current study are similar to those previously described for @entity794 @entity1271 . Thus, routinely available @entity291 -level information can help to predict the outcome of antimicrobial treatment of the most common causes of gram-positive @entity1271 .

title: Use of on-farm data to guide treatment and control of @entity1271 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8211 :: ('1349', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus uberis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity8211 :: (1349,Species) :: ['Streptococcus uberis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite consistent evidence linking smoking cessation pharmacotherapy adherence to better outcomes, knowledge about objective adherence measures is lacking and little attention is given to monitoring pharmacotherapy use in smoking cessation clinical trials. OBJECTIVES: To examine unannounced telephone pill counts as a method for assessing adherence to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. RESEARCH DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of a randomized pilot study. @entity1 : 46 moderate-to-heavy (>10 cigarettes per day) African-American smokers. MAIN MEASURES: Smokers received 1 month of @entity4006 (Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) in a pill box at baseline. Unannounced pill counts were completed by telephone 4 days prior to an in- @entity1 pill count conducted at Month 1. At both counts, each compartment of the pill box was opened and the number of remaining pills was recorded. RESULTS: @entity1 were a mean age of 48 years (SD = 13), predominately female (59%), low income (60% <  1800 monthly family income), and smoked an average of 17 (SD = 7) cigarettes per day. A high degree of concordance was observed between the number of pills counted by phone and in- @entity1 (r(s) = 0.94, P < 0.001). @entity1 with discordant counts (n = 7) had lower @entity4006 adherence (mean [SD] = 77% [18%] vs 95% [9%], P < 0.0005), but reported better medication adherence in the past (1.0 [0.8] vs 2.8 [1.0], P < 0.0004) than @entity1 with matching phone and in- @entity1 counts (n = 39). CONCLUSION: Unannounced telephone pill counts appear to be a reliable and practical method for measuring adherence to smoking cessation pharmacotherapy.

title: Unannounced telephone pill counts for assessing XXXX adherence in a pilot clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4006 :: ('MESH:C500838', 'Chemical') :: ['varenicline']

answer: @entity4006 :: (MESH:C500838,Chemical) :: ['varenicline']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there was a different response to vitrectomy and tap/biopsy with or without systemic antibiotic treatment in the @entity3225 Vitrectomy Study and whether the signs and symptoms of @entity3225 differ between @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 . DESIGN: A multicenter clinical trial in which @entity1 with acute post- @entity231 extraction @entity3225 were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 factorial design to vitrectomy or tap/biopsy, in each case with or without intravenous antibiotics, and followed up for 9 months. Outcome measures included visual acuity assessed in standardized fashion. RESULTS: Fifty-eight of 420 study @entity1 had @entity6 . @entity6 @entity1 had slightly worse vision and ocular media at the baseline assessment. Only 39% of @entity6 @entity1 compared with 55% of nondiabetic @entity1 achieved 20/40 final vision. Both @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 with initial light perception (LP)-only vision had better visual results with immediate vitrectomy. For those with better than LP baseline vision, @entity1 with @entity6 achieved visual acuity of 20/40 more often with vitrectomy (57%) than with tap/biopsy (40%), but this difference was not statistically significant. @entity1 without @entity6 did equally well with vitrectomy or tap/biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with better than LP vision, tap/biopsy is appropriate for those without @entity6 . A clinical trial of a sufficient number of @entity6 @entity1 with better than LP vision is necessary to determine the best management for this group. At present, initial vitrectomy or tap/biopsy are reasonable approaches for @entity6 @entity1 with better than LP vision.

title: @entity6 and postoperative endophthalmitis in the XXXX vitrectomy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis', 'Endophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['endophthalmitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Principles of damage control resuscitation include minimizing intravenous fluid (IVF) administration while correcting perfusion pressure as quickly as possible. Recent studies have identified a potential advantage of vasopressin over @entity2661 in @entity20736 . @entity8508 (TP) is a @entity1951 analogue used to reverse certain shock etiologies in some European countries. STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluated three dosages of TP when combined with a limited colloid resuscitation strategy on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and lactatemia in a @entity1707 model of @entity548 . METHODS: Sixty anesthetized @entity1707 underwent intubation and severe @entity548 . Subjects were randomized to one of four resuscitation groups: 4 mL/kg Hextend(  ) (Hospira Inc, Lake Forest, IL) only, 3.75  g/kg TP + Hextend, 7.5  g/kg TP + Hextend, or 15  g/kg TP + Hextend. MAP and heart rate were recorded every 5 min. Baseline and serial @entity880 values at 30-min intervals were recorded and compared. RESULTS: Subjects receiving 7.5  g/kg TP had significantly higher MAPs at times t15 (p = 0.012), t20 (p = 0.004), t25 (p = 0.018), t30 (p = 0.032), t35 (p = 0.030), and t40 (p = 0.021). No statistically significant differences in @entity880 values between TP groups and controls were observed. CONCLUSION: Subjects receiving 7.5  g/kg of TP demonstrated improved MAP within 10 min of administration. When combined with minimal IVF resuscitation, TP doses between 3.75 and 15  g/kg do not elevate @entity880 levels in hemorrhaged @entity1707 .

title: @entity8508 with limited fluid resuscitation in a XXXX model of @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'isolated hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity8508 :: ('MESH:C012078', 'Chemical') :: ['Terlipressin']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity20736 :: ('MESH:D012774', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic shock']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: The identification of high-risk @entity1 with @entity259 and the preoperative differentiation between follicular @entity652 and @entity189 remain clinically challenging. Our study was conducted to analyze whether the quantification of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) and transcription factor binding to the @entity10431 promoter improve prognostic predictability and differential diagnosis of @entity259 . @entity5 /normal tissue was collected from 69 prospectively followed @entity1 with @entity259 (papillary, medullary, follicular and anaplastic, PTC, @entity11166 , @entity6888 and ATC) or follicular @entity652 . @entity10431 , @entity3334 , @entity1917 and @entity1495 amounts were determined by ELISA, and transcription factor binding was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Binding of transcription factors to the @entity10431 promoter was observed, but not associated with @entity10431 expression. @entity189 except @entity11166 expressed significantly more @entity10431 /MMPs than @entity652 /normal tissues, this being associated with advanced pT- or M-stages. @entity3334 and @entity1495 were significantly higher in follicular @entity189 than in @entity652 . In @entity189 , high @entity10431 -gene expression correlated significantly with high @entity1495 , the latter being associated with @entity1917 in normal tissues. Poor survival in differentiated @entity5 was associated in trend (p = 0.07); poor survival of all @entity1 (p = 0.043) and especially of @entity1 with @entity189 of follicular origin (including ATC), but not @entity189 , were significantly associated with high @entity10431 -protein (p = 0.015). Quantification of @entity10431 is of prognostic relevance in @entity259 of non-c-cell origin, and @entity10431 in part may be regulated nontranscriptionally in @entity259 . This is the first study to suggest @entity43264 as significant differentiation markers between follicular @entity2513 .

title: Urokinase receptor, @entity3334 and @entity1495 are markers to differentiate prognosis, @entity652 and XXXX in thyroid malignancies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['u-PAR', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor', 'U-PAR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'Carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumors', 'thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer', 'thyroid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma and follicular carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no data on Mexican population referring to frequency and prognosis of @entity63 ( @entity63 ). The purpose of the present study was to: (1) estimate the prevalence, vascular risk factors and short-term outcome in @entity1 with @entity63 included in the first Mexican registry of @entity66 , and (2) analyze the acute care provided in these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This national registry of @entity66 is a multicenter, observational, and hospital-based registry that was conducted from November 2002 to October 2004. The registry was developed to improve our knowledge in Mexico regarding risk factors profile, outcome, current diagnostic and treatment strategies, and short-term follow-up in @entity1 with @entity2806 . Standardized data assessment was used by all centers which included information on demographics, pre-hospital events (including @entity64 onset and arrival to hospital), emergency department triage and workup. Short-term outcome was evaluated at day 30. Of this registry, @entity63 cases were selected and associated risk factors, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: During the study time period, 2,000 @entity1 were enrolled; 97 (5%) with diagnosis of @entity63 ; 51 @entity1 and 46 @entity1 , mean age 69.3 +/- 11.4 years. Among these 97 @entity1 ; 51 (52.6%) were admitted to the hospital for evaluation. The main risk factors were; age > or = 65 years in 74%, @entity101 in 64%, @entity6 in 45%, and dislipidemia in 36% and @entity28 in 31%. The affected arterial territory was carotid @entity63 in 74% and vertebrobasilar in 26%. @entity63 was attributed to @entity731 in 63% of the @entity1 , cardioembolism in 17%, and small vessels disease in 5%. At 30 days follow-up; three @entity1 died during the initial evaluation (two secondary to @entity943 , and one secondary to @entity55 ). Among 14 of the 94 survivors (14.9%) we documented an early @entity64 recurrence, including @entity385 in nine @entity1 (9.6%) and new @entity63 in five cases (5.3%). Considering @entity204 and @entity385 , the frequency of unfavorable major events was 12.4%. There were only three cases treated with carotid endarterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term risk of @entity385 , @entity204 or recurrent in @entity63 @entity1 is high. These findings emphasize that all @entity1 with @entity63 should undergo rapid investigation and management to prevent a major @entity64 and other vascular events.

title: [Short-term prognosis of @entity63 . Mexican XXXX registry].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases', 'cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['multicenter stroke']


abstract: @entity2816 , administered orally, @entity1749 ( @entity1749 ) intravenously and @entity6985 (Revlimid), also orally, are three agents that act on @entity1582 relapse. @entity2816 acts by a variety of mechanisms and is toxic to the peripheral nervous system as well as teratogenic. It acts in synergy with @entity619 . Recent results prove that its use as first-line treatment combined with oral conventional " @entity2468 " chemotherapy improves survival in @entity1 older than 65 years. Its use as first-line treatment with this chemotherapy appears likely. @entity1749 is the first drug in the proteasome inhibitor class. It too is toxic to the peripheral nervous system and synergistic with @entity619 . Several studies show its efficacy as first-line 'induction treatment' with @entity619 , in @entity1 to receive a subsequent autologous stem cell transplantation. The combination of @entity1749 and " @entity2468 " is also promising. @entity6985 , a structural analog of @entity2816 , is effective in relapsing @entity1 . Its @entity137 is essentially hematologic. It is also synergistic with @entity619 and promising as first-line treatment. These different drugs can be used successively at relapse, making @entity1582 a @entity102 . They can also be used together for greater effectiveness. These combinations will replace conventional chemotherapies in the future.

title: [New drugs for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib', 'Velcade']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assess the effects of racial or ethnic concordance between caregivers and interventionists on caregiver attrition, change in @entity308 , and change in burden in a multisite randomized clinical trial. DESIGN AND METHODS: Family caregivers of @entity1 with @entity195 were randomized to intervention or control groups at six sites from 1996 to 2000. Interventionists provided psychosocial interventions aimed at decreasing caregiver @entity308 and burden. This analysis included 694 caregivers who received face-to-face interventions from 36 interventionists at five sites. We modeled caregiver loss to follow-up at 12 months and changes in @entity308 and burden from baseline by racial or ethnic concordance by using random effects logistic and linear regression models, controlling for caregiver age, gender, race or ethnicity, relation to care recipient, interventionist race or ethnicity, and care recipient activities of daily living. The loss to follow-up model also controlled for care recipient institutionalization and @entity204 . RESULTS: Overall, there was no difference in caregiver loss to follow-up or change in @entity308 or burden by racial or ethnic concordance. African-American caregivers with an interventionist of the same race or ethnicity had greater decreases in @entity308 than did African-American caregivers with interventionists of a different race or ethnicity. However, this finding has to be interpreted cautiously because there were only two African-American interventionists. IMPLICATIONS: Although these initial findings do not provide conclusive evidence on whether racial or ethnic concordance is associated with intervention outcomes for caregivers of @entity195 @entity1 , these results, along with the paucity of research studies evaluating this issue, suggest that the effects of racial or ethnic concordance in research should be systematically examined in future studies.

title: Concordance of race or ethnicity of interventionists and caregivers of dementia XXXX : relationship to attrition and treatment outcomes in the REACH study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The worldwide epidemic of @entity28 and its medical complications are being dealt with a combination of life style changes (e.g., healthier diet and exercise), medications and a variety of surgical interventions. The @entity356 ( @entity356 ) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are two of the most common @entity353 surgeries for morbid @entity28 -associated @entity209 and insulin resistance. A vast majority of @entity1 that undergo @entity356 and LAGB are known to experience marked @entity353 and attenuation of @entity6 . A number of recent studies have indicated that the rates of remission in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity are significantly greater in @entity1 that have undergone @entity356 . A plausible hypothesis to explain this observation is that the gastric bypass surgery as opposed to the gastric banding procedure impinges on @entity413 homeostasis by a @entity353 -independent mechanism. In a recent paper, Bradley et al have experimentally explored this hypothesis. The authors compared several clinical and laboratory parameters of insulin sensitivity and b-cell function in cohorts of @entity356 and LAGB @entity1 before and after they lost approximately 20% of their body mass. After @entity353 , both groups of @entity1 underwent similar changes in their intra-abdominal and total adipose tissue volume, hepatic @entity412 and circulating leptin levels. The @entity356 @entity1 who lost 20% body mass, manifested higher postprandial output of @entity413 , insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1; these laboratory parameters remained unchanged in LABG @entity1 . Irrespective of the observed differences in transient responses of @entity356 and LAGB @entity1 to mixed meal, the overall glycemic control as judged by @entity413 tolerance, multi-organ insulin sensitivity and b-cell function were nearly identical in the two groups. Both @entity356 and LAGB @entity1 cohorts also experienced similar changes in the expression of a number of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. Based on these analyses, Bradley et al concluded that similar restoration of insulin sensitivity and b-cell function in @entity6 @entity1 that have undergone @entity356 and LAGB were directly due to marked @entity353 . These data have important implications for the risk/benefit analysis of @entity353 therapy by bariatric procedures.

title: Bariatric surgery-mediated @entity353 and its metabolic consequences for type-2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'non-diabetic obese']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Roux-en Y gastric bypass', 'RYGB']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The methods of hemostasis used for @entity99 were evaluated prospectively in 637 @entity1 treated at Detroit General Hospital during a 5-year period. Variables evaluated included severity of injury, presence or absence of @entity548 , and methods of hemostasis, The @entity99 was either not @entity548 or was controlled by temporary pack compression during laparotomy in 325 @entity1 : none of these @entity1 , including the 284 in whom no hemostatic procedure was used, rebled postoperatively. Active @entity548 at laparotomy was directly related to the severity of @entity99 , and required some hemostatic procedure in 312 @entity1 . The methods of hemostasis were liver sutures (244 @entity1 ), nonanatomic resection (30 @entity1 ), anatomic resection (21 @entity1 ), hepatic artery ligation (nine @entity1 ), hepatotomy with intraparenchymal vascular control (five @entity1 ), and temporary internal pack with later re-operation (three @entity1 ). Rebleeding occurred in eight of the 243 @entity1 who survived (seven after liver sutures and one after nonanatomic resection) and four required re-operation for control of @entity548 . Sixty-nine @entity1 with active @entity548 died. @entity204 on the table in 38 @entity1 was related primarily to uncontrolled @entity548 from liver and major @entity130 . Postoperative rebleeding from the liver occurred in 14 of 31 @entity1 who died after surgery: following initial control by liver sutures (seven @entity1 ); anatomic resection (four @entity1 ); and hepatic artery ligation (three @entity1 ). There was no apparent relationship between any hemostatic procedure and the subsequent appearance of the @entity99 or @entity733 . Based on this experience, the merits and detriments of individual hemostatic procedures are presented.

title: Prospective evaluation of hemostatic techniques for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['parahepatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries', 'liver injury', 'hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['vessel injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: Starchy food products differ in the rate of starch digestion, which can affect their metabolic impact. In this study, we examined how the in vivo starch digestibility is reflected by the glycemic response, because this response is often used to predict starch digestibility. Ten healthy male volunteers [age 21    0.5 y, BMI 23    0.6 kg/m   (mean    SEM)] participated in a cross-over study, receiving three different meals: pasta with normal @entity3505 bran (PA) and bread with normal (CB) or purple @entity3505 bran (PBB). Purple @entity3505 bran was added in an attempt to decrease the rate of starch digestion. The meals were enriched in     C and the dual isotope technique was applied to calculate the rate of appearance of exogenous @entity413 (RaE). The     C-isotopic enrichment of @entity413 in plasma was measured with GC/combustion/isotope ratio MS (IRMS) and liquid chromatography/IRMS. Both IRMS techniques gave similar results. Plasma @entity413 concentrations [2-h incremental AUC (iAUC)] did not differ between the test meals. The RaE was similar after consumption of CB and PBB, showing that purple @entity3505 bran in bread does not affect in vivo starch digestibility. However, the iAUC of RaE after @entity1 consumed PA was less than after they consumed CB (P < 0.0001) despite the similar @entity413 response. To conclude, the glycemic response does not always reflect the in vivo starch digestibility. This could have implications for intervention studies in which the glycemic response is used to characterize test products.

title: The glycemic response does not reflect the in vivo starch digestibility of fiber-rich @entity3505 products in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Three stable @entity189 cell lines, designated PLS10, PLS20 and PLS30, have been established from @entity43659 plus @entity251 -induced @entity189 in the dorsolateral prostate of male F344 @entity35 . The cells are keratin-positive and grow as typical epithelial monolayers in culture. When injected into intact male @entity19 , PLS10 and PLS30 cells form well-differentiated @entity420 with abundant connective tissue stroma, while PLS20 cells give rise to poorly differentiated @entity420 . Growth of all @entity6409 cell lines in @entity19 is not affected by castration and the cells are immunohistochemically negative for @entity342 receptors. @entity5 growth rates in @entity19 were found to be PLS20 > PLS10 > PLS30, with significant in vitro stimulation by insulin/ @entity3654 , but not epidermal growth factor, @entity619 or @entity10245 . Spontaneous lung metastases were observed in all cases. However, skeletal invasion including bone is essentially observed only with the PLS20 @entity5 . Gelatin zymography showed predominant secretion of the active form of @entity6929 (Mr 92,000 type IV collagenase) by all the cell lines. Karyotype analysis revealed PLS10, PLS30 and PLS20 to be diploid, @entity981 and hypertetraploid, respectively. The results demonstrate that the three @entity6409 cell lines are @entity342 -independent and metastatic in common, but have different histology, growth potential and invasiveness. They may therefore be useful models for understanding progression and @entity3 of @entity1 @entity263 .

title: Establishment and characterization of three @entity342 -independent, @entity189 cell lines from @entity43659 -induced XXXX in F344 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity10245 :: ('14173(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity43659 :: ('MESH:C001042', 'Chemical') :: ["3,2'-dimethyl-4aminobiphenyl"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pediatric @entity10 is highly widespread and is associated with distress and reduced quality of life. Pharmacological treatment of @entity2794 in @entity1 has been only partially effective and, as in medication-overuse @entity10 , can sometimes be counterproductive. Therefore, there is a substantial need to develop other effective methods of treatment. Here we present the rationale, feasibility, and preliminary results of a pilot study applying a novel system, combining virtual reality and biofeedback, aimed as an abortive treatment of pediatric @entity2794 . DESIGN: A prospective single-arm open-label, pilot study. Ten @entity1 attending an outpatient pediatric neurology clinic were treated by the proposed system. @entity1 practiced relaxation with biofeedback and learned to associate successful relaxation with positive @entity158 -free virtual images of themselves. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 completed the 10-session intervention. Ratings of @entity158 , daily functioning, and quality of life improved significantly at 1 and at 3 months posttreatment. Most @entity1 reported applying their newly acquired relaxation and imagery skills to relieve @entity10 outside the lab. CONCLUSION: This novel system, combining biofeedback and virtual reality, is feasible for pediatric use. Randomized controlled studies in larger populations are needed in order to determine the utility of the system in reducing @entity10 , improving daily functioning, and elevating quality of life.

title: A virtual reality system combined with biofeedback for treating pediatric XXXX --a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headache']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new regimen that combines weekly @entity1205 and weekly @entity1259 for the treatment of advanced @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1205 30 mg/m2 and @entity1259 30 mg/m2 were intravenously administered on a weekly basis, for a maximum of 24 cycles. The therapy was discontinued after the first 12 cycles in the @entity1 who responded or had stable disease and was resumed as soon as any signs of progression were noted. RESULTS: Of the 38 evaluable @entity1 , 26 achieved a confirmed greater than 50% decrease in @entity1486 level (68.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 51.2% to 82.0%). The median response duration was 8.8 months (95% CI 6.2 to 11.8), and the median time to progression was 7.4 months (95% CI 5.6 to 9.6). @entity158 was rapidly reduced in 24 (72.7%, 95% CI 54.2 to 86.7) of the 33 @entity1 who were symptomatic at baseline. Of the 38 @entity1 , 21 resumed therapy after the planned interruption; of these, 3 had a @entity1486 response (14.2%) and 12 had stable disease (57.1%). The regimen was well tolerated. Grade 3 @entity1398 occurred in 15.7% of the @entity1 , grade 3 @entity417 in 13.1%, and grade 3 @entity882 in 7.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have suggested the feasibility and tolerability of the combination of weekly @entity1205 and weekly @entity1259 , which led to a rapid and long-lasting decrease in @entity1486 levels and a palliative response in @entity1 with advanced @entity263 .

title: Weekly @entity1205 and XXXX in treatment of advanced @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['epirubicin']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI). Seventeen @entity1 with histopathologically proven @entity157 were included in this study. All @entity1 underwent MR examinations with conventional T1- and T2-weighted images, @entity2287 -enhanced images, and DSC-MRI before TACE treatment. Hepatic blood volume ( @entity97 ) maps were reconstructed from the time-intensity curves. The same MRI sequences and techniques were repeated 24 h and 6 weeks after TACE. Serial changes in @entity5 perfusion on @entity97 maps were correlated with vascularity in hepatic angiography. All @entity5 were hypointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Heterogeneous enhancement was observed in all @entity5 before and immediately after TACE. Hyperperfusion was noted in most of the @entity5 on @entity97 map before TACE and moderate to marked hypoperfusion following TACE. The degree of @entity5 perfusion on @entity97 map correlated well with the vascularity in angiography. In conclusion, the noninvasive nature of DSC-MRI is useful to evaluate the effectiveness of TACE. Invasive procedures, such as angiography, are seldom necessary.

title: Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization for XXXX : correlation of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced echoplanar imaging and hepatic angiography.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 the efficacy of @entity1259 -based chemotherapy is possibly related to the actual dose intensity applied. We retrospectively determined the administered dose intensity and the relative @entity137 and efficacy of an @entity1259 -containing regimen in @entity1 with primary or metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1487 , @entity1259 , and @entity786 (FEC) were either given at a standard dose of 500/50/500 mg/m2 (FE50C) or at an intensified dose of 500/75/500 mg/m2 (FE75C) every 3 weeks. Of the 66 @entity1 treated, 63 were evaluable; 43 had metastatic @entity0 , and 20 @entity1 with an increased risk of relapse received FEC as an adjuvant treatment. RESULTS: Dose intensity and absolute dose of adjuvant treatment were 81 and 70% for FE50C and 96 and 88% for FE75C. In metastatic @entity0 , the dose intensity for FE50C was 94% and for FE75C 92%. In a retrospective comparison, the 4-year overall survival following adjuvant FE50C and FE75C was 40 and 48%, respectively (p = 0.47). The dose intensification led to a higher response rate of 34 vs. 44%. There were no significant differences in response duration and survival time. The @entity137 profiles were comparable between FE50C and FE75C. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the doses applied were lower than initially planned. Higher doses of @entity1259 did not result in a significant increase of @entity137 . Despite the limitations of a retrospective analysis, our observations support the importance of adherence to the planned dose intensity as a prerequisite for optimal treatment of @entity1 suffering from @entity0 . As our results could be related to selection bias, dose-intensified @entity4349 -containing regimens should be further evaluated in prospective trials.

title: [Retrospective analysis of dose intensity of @entity1259 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) with a background of benign disease. METHOD: A total of 709 @entity1 with @entity3557 undergoing surgical resection were analyzed retrospectively. In 147 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1374 , incidental @entity3557 (IPC group) were identified by intraoperative or postoperative pathological examination of surgical specimens but were not detected by preoperative imaging studies. In the other group, according to the pathological examination with or without co-existing @entity1374 , 253 cases were clarified as concomitant @entity3557 and 309 cases were clarified as dominant @entity3557 . RESULTS: Incidental @entity3557 was more common in @entity1 , about 85.7%, the mean age was 47.6  11.3 years old. Average @entity5 diameter was 4.4  2.2 mm, multiple lesions accounted for 12.9% (19/147), and the cervical lymph node @entity3 rate was 6.1% (9/147). After radical resection 8 cases recurred, the median time of recurrence was about 12 months (0.5 to 162), there was no @entity5 -related @entity204 . The @entity5 -free survival rates were 97.3%, 95.9%, 91.5%, and 79.3% in 1, 5, 10 and 14 year respectively. CONCLUSION: Incidental @entity3557 with a background of benign lesions is common, and the generally good prognosis can be attributed to @entity5 early detection and early treatment. On the intraoperative finding of incidental @entity3557 , lobectomy (unilateral) or total thyroidectomy (bilateral) should be the first choice, but with a postoperative pathologic finding of incidental @entity3557 , further treatment, such as completion thyroidectomy or immediate lymph dissection is not necessary. Central lymph node dissection is also not needed unless lymphadenectasis is present.

title: Clinical features and prognosis of XXXX with @entity1374 accompanied by an incidental papillary carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated clinical features and survival outcomes among @entity1 with signet ring and mucinous histologies of @entity14 by using data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). METHODS: @entity1 aged 18-90 years with @entity14 diagnosed between 1998 and 2002 were identified from the NCDB. Site-stratified (colon vs. rectum) survival analysis was performed by multivariate relative survival adjusted for multiple clinicopathologic and treatment variables. RESULTS: The study included 244,794 @entity1 : 25,546 (10%) with mucinous, 2,260 (1%) with signet ring, and 216,988 (89%) with nonmucinous, non-signet ring @entity420 . Mucinous and signet ring @entity5 were more frequently right-sided (60% and 62%, respectively) than were nonmucinous, non-signet ring @entity420 (42%, P < 0.001). Signet ring histology was associated with a higher stage (P < 0.001), and 77.2% of signet ring @entity5 were high-grade lesions, compared with 20% of mucinous and 17% of non-signet ring, nonmucinous @entity420 (P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, signet ring histology was independently associated with higher risk of @entity204 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-1.51, and HR 1.57, CI 1.38-1.77, for @entity5 located in the colon and rectum, respectively]. @entity5 of the rectum (HR 1.22, CI 1.16-1.29), but not the colon (HR 1.03, CI 1.00-1.06), were associated with increased risk of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Signet ring cell @entity694 and @entity3079 of the rectum are associated with poorer survival. These aggressive histologic variants of @entity14 should be targeted for research initiatives to improve outcomes.

title: Clinicopathology and outcomes for mucinous and signet ring XXXX : analysis from the National Cancer Data Base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Mucinous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the fate of the native aortic root after replacement of the ascending aorta to treat acute @entity1580 . METHODS: Between June 1985 and January 2010, 319 consecutive @entity1 (mean age, 63    11 years) with acute @entity1580 underwent replacement of the ascending aorta with preservation of the aortic root. The aortic valve was also replaced in 21 of these @entity1 (7%). The intervention was extended to the aortic arch in 210 @entity1 (66%), of whom 173 (54%) underwent hemiarch replacement, and 37 (12%), total arch replacement. RESULTS: There were 109 (34%) in-hospital deaths. Of the 210 discharged @entity1 , survival was 95%, 58%, and 27% at 1, 10, and 23 years, respectively. Freedom from reoperation on the proximal aorta was reported by 97%, 92%, and 82% @entity1 at 5, 10, and 23 years, respectively. Twelve @entity1 were reoperated for aortic root dilatation and 2 died during reoperation. Univariate and multivariate @entity797 regression analyses revealed that significant risk factors for proximal reoperation were age <60 years (P  =  .005; relative risk, 1.94) and @entity1614 (P  =  .011; relative risk, 2.76). At follow-up, 15 @entity1 (11%) had an aortic root diameter of >45 mm, but they were not reoperated. CONCLUSIONS: For acute @entity1580 , replacement of the ascending aorta with root preservation shows long-term effectiveness with low reoperation and aortic root dilatation rates.

title: Fate of the preserved aortic root after treatment of acute XXXX : 23-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is critical in the pathophysiology of a variety of inflammatory processes. Leukocyte recruitment to the site of @entity32 is a multistep process governed by specific signalling cascades. After adhesion in the lumen, many leukocytes crawl to optimal sites at endothelial junctions and transmigrate to extravascular tissue in a @entity3804 -dependent manner. The signalling mechanisms that regulate postadhesion steps of intraluminal crawling, transmigration, and @entity6722 in tissue remain incompletely understood. The present study explored the effect of @entity1995 inhibitor @entity1441 on various parameters of neutrophil recruitment triggered by chemokine KC ( @entity15891 ) gradient. Neutrophil-endothelial interactions in microvasculature of @entity19 cremaster muscle were determined using intravital microscopy and time-lapsed video analysis. @entity1441 (100 nM) did not change leukocyte rolling but significantly attenuated neutrophil adhesion, emigration, and transmigration and impaired the initiation of neutrophil crawling and transmigration. In response to KC chemotactic gradient, @entity1441 significantly reduced the velocity of migration and @entity6722 index of neutrophils in tissue. The upregulation of @entity3804 expression in neutrophils stimulated by KC was significantly blunted by @entity1441 in vitro. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that pharmacological suppression of @entity1995 significantly impairs multiple steps of neutrophil recruitment in vivo.

title: Pharmacological inhibition of @entity1995 mitogen-activated protein kinases affects KC/ XXXX -induced intraluminal crawling, transendothelial migration, and @entity6722 of neutrophils in vivo.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

answer: @entity15891 :: (14825(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CXCL1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the phenotype of 15 @entity1 with @entity1717 ( @entity1717 ) and profound @entity393 , known as Homozygous 11p15-p14 @entity3768 (MIM #606528). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective clinical follow-up and genetic analysis by direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and microsatellite markers. RESULTS: Genetic testing identified the previous described homozygous deletion in 11p15, @entity32807 :c.(90+592)_ABCC8:c.(2694-528)del. Fourteen @entity1 had severe @entity1717 demanding near-total pancreatectomy. In one @entity1 with mild, transient @entity4053 and nonautoimmune @entity6 at age 11 years, no additional mutations were found in @entity5448 , @entity5907 , @entity14224 , INS, and @entity8277 . @entity6391 was found in two @entity1 aged 9 and 13 years. No @entity1 had @entity8 . Neuromotor development ranged from normal to severe delay with @entity302 . CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of Homozygous 11p15-p14 @entity3768 , or @entity1717 , includes any severity of neonatal-onset @entity1717 and severe, @entity1274 . @entity6391 and nonautoimmune @entity6 may occur in adolescence.

title: Heterogeneity in phenotype of @entity1717 : @entity393 , XXXX , and hyperinsulinemic @entity4053 ranging from severe to mild with conversion to @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy or renal tubular defects']

entities_list: @entity3768 :: ('MESH:D002872', 'Disease') :: ['Deletion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['CHI', 'Usher-CHI syndrome', 'congenital hyperinsulinism']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['Retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ), including epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic classification, prognostic factors, current treatment, long-term sequelae, and nursing management. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, books, and clinical experience. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity981 is a @entity74 , and current treatment is tailored to risk factors (e.g., initial white blood count, cytogenetic properties of the @entity1778 ). Risk-directed therapy ensures that @entity1 with a higher risk of relapse receive more intensive treatment, whereas those with lower @entity66 receive less toxic therapy with decreased potential for treatment-related morbidity. Quality of life in long-term survivors is a significant issue. Late sequelae of treatment can include neurocognitive @entity4903 , secondary @entity5 , and @entity296 . CONCLUSIONS: With risk-directed therapy, cure rates for @entity981 continue to improve. At least 80% of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity981 today are expected to survive their disease. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses caring for @entity1 with @entity981 can have a significant impact on the @entity1 's overall health, from diagnosis through long-term follow-up. Nursing interventions encompass the domains of physical and psychosocial care, as well as @entity1 and family education. Assisting the @entity1 and family to maintain normalcy in the face of @entity102 , as well as fostering the family's hope for the future and their belief in the @entity1 's potential for survival, are key nursing strategies that promote the @entity1 's growth, development, and @entity458 .

title: Childhood XXXX : current perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood ALL', 'childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['risk disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic blasts']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['difficulties, endocrine dysfunction']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Family expenditures on food for @entity1 may represent an important barrier to the adoption of healthy feeding practices in populations of low socioeconomic status. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between cariogenic feeding practices, expenditures on food for @entity1 and @entity1547 . This cross-sectional study included 329 four-year-old @entity1 from S  o Leopoldo in southern Brazil. Cariogenic dietary practices were assessed at 4 years of age using two 24-hour recalls conducted with the @entity1 's mothers. Expenditures on food for @entity1 were estimated based on all reported food items and the respective amounts ingested. Early childhood @entity1547 and severe early childhood @entity1547 were assessed by clinical examination at 4 years of age. Cariogenic dietary habits were not associated with lower food expenditures. On the contrary, in multivariable regression analysis, the intake of @entity6353 (p = 0.007), soft drinks (p = 0.027) and a higher number of meals and snacks per day (p < 0.001) was associated with greater expenditures on food for @entity1 . No statistically significant differences were observed in food expenditures or in the proportion of household income spent on feeding @entity1 between @entity1547 -free @entity1 , those with early childhood @entity1547 and those with severe early childhood @entity1547 . In conclusion, keeping @entity1 free of @entity1547 does not necessarily increase food expenditures or the proportion of household income spent on feeding @entity1 in low-socioeconomic status populations. Some cariogenic dietary practices were associated with greater expenditures on @entity1 feeding.

title: Food expenditures, cariogenic dietary practices and childhood XXXX in southern Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['caries', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: The aim of the paper was to develop @entity43807 -containing mucoadhesive gel for the treatment of @entity2521 . Different mucoadhesive gels were prepared, using various gelling agents like @entity5224 (SCMC), @entity12185 , @entity43808 , @entity43809 , @entity39576 , and the mucoadhesive polymer carbopol 934P. The selected formulations (based on the mucoadhesive force) were studied for different mechanical properties, such as mucoadhesive strength, @entity3358 , compressibility, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness through Texture Profile Analyzer. In vitro @entity43807 release from the prepared formulations was also determined and compared with marketed preparation of @entity868 ( @entity868 gel). The formulation SC30 (containing SCMC 3% w/v) showed maximum mucoadhesive strength (167.72 +/- 3.76 g) and adhesiveness (-46.23 +/- 0.34 N mm), with @entity258 (9.81 +/- 0.04 N) and compressibility (40.05 +/- 0.48 N mm) and moderate cohesiveness (0.87 +/- 0.01). SC30 formulation exhibited long-term release. Thus, SC30 gel was evaluated for its clinical effectiveness along with marketed @entity868 gel. At the end of the study (42 days of clinical studies), both formulations were found to significantly reduce the probing depth, plaque index, gingival index, @entity1608 , and @entity548 index. However, the SC30 gel was more effective in reducing the above parameters than marketed @entity868 gel. This study confirmed the acceptability and effectiveness of @entity43807 gel for treatment of @entity2521 .

title: Development of @entity43807 mucoadhesive gel for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43808 :: ('MESH:C002283', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['Metrogyl', 'metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity39576 :: ('MESH:C002284', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxypropylmethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity5224 :: ('MESH:D002266', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium carboxymethylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity43807 :: ('MESH:C034473', 'Chemical') :: ['satranidazole']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['calculus criteria']

entities_list: @entity43809 :: ('MESH:C008079', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxypropylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low hardness']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is an important clinical outcome for dialysis @entity1 . However, relative superiority in HRQOL between @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and @entity298 ( @entity298 ) are not clearly known. We compared HRQOL over time between @entity298 and @entity298 @entity1 and evaluated factors associated with HRQOL.All 260 incident @entity1 initiating @entity298 or @entity298 at multiple centers throughout Korea were prospectively enrolled in this study between October 2010 and February 2013. HRQOL, @entity308 , and renal treatment satisfaction were assessed 1 and 12 months after the start of dialysis by the @entity8 Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Renal Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (RTSQ), respectively.Of 196 @entity1 who completed all questionnaires and did not change the @entity298 ( @entity298 ) modality during the 1-year follow-up period, 160 were matched. @entity298 @entity1 showed better baseline HRQOL than @entity298 @entity1 for the symptoms, @entity1 satisfaction, @entity158 , and social function domains. There were no differences in HRQOL between the 2 groups at 12 months, and @entity298 @entity1 had significantly greater improvements in symptoms (P=0.02), the mental composite summary (P=0.03), and health status domains (P=0.03) than @entity298 @entity1 . There were similar improvements in @entity308 (P=0.01) and @entity1 satisfaction with treatment (P=0.01) in @entity298 and @entity298 @entity1 . Interestingly, @entity308 , not @entity298 modality, was the most influential and consistent factor for HRQOL. Despite the spontaneous improvement of @entity308 , considerable @entity298 @entity1 still had @entity308 at the 1-year appointment. @entity298 has no advantage over @entity298 for HRQOL. Considering the substantial negative effect of @entity308 on HRQOL, it is important to evaluate @entity298 @entity1 for @entity308 and to treat those with @entity308 to improve their HRQOL.

title: @entity308 , @entity1 Satisfaction, and Quality of Life Over Time in Automated and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis XXXX : A Prospective Multicenter Propensity-Matched Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'automated peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'APD', 'CAPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The product of @entity27242 ( @entity27242 ) is a @entity2067 dependent protein that is secreted by leucocytes and endothelial cells in response to injury and participates in cell survival, proliferation, migration and adhesion. Our purpose was to investigate plasma @entity27242 concentration and its relation to @entity881 in @entity1 with @entity326 . METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity326 admitted to a medical adult intensive care unit were enrolled. Plasma @entity27242 concentration was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at days 1, 3, 7 and 14. RESULTS: The median (interquartile range) @entity27242 concentration was 51 (5 to 95) pg/ml at admission. A positive correlation (Spearman rank-order coefficient [rs] = 0.37, P = 0.01) was found between @entity27242 level and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score. @entity1 requiring renal support had higher @entity27242 concentration that those without need for haemofiltration (76.5 [52 to 164] pg/ml versus 10.5 [1.5 to 80.5] pg/ml; P = 0.04). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between @entity27242 and aspartate transaminase (rs = 0.42, P = 0.006) and between @entity27242 and prothrombin time (rs = 0.45, P = 0.02). Although there was a progressive decline in @entity27242 concentration in survivors (analysis of variance, P = 0.01), nonsurvivors exhibited persistently elevated @entity27242 . However, the two populations diverged only after day 7 (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Plasma concentrations of @entity27242 correlate with disease severity, especially with @entity8 , in @entity326 .

title: Growth arrest-specific protein 6 plasma concentrations during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and hepatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity27242 :: ('2621', 'Gene') :: ['growth arrest-specific gene 6', 'Gas6']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: @entity5780 and @entity1235 have been known to play the role of essential mediators in angiogenesis. Non-invasive in vivo imaging approach using imaging probes is a potential method of detecting MMP activity in living animals, wherein imaging probes must include the characteristics of non- @entity137 , specific targetability, and reasonable signal intensity. Here, we developed MMP-specific and self-quenched human serum albumin (HSA)-based ( @entity12662 -HSA) nanoprobes for non-invasive optical imaging of MMP activity during angiogenesis in the @entity19 hindlimb @entity63 model. MMP-specific fluorogenic peptide probes, which were self-quenched with a near-infrared fluorophore and a quencher, were covalently conjugated to HSA (MMP-HSA nanoprobes). MMP-HSA nanoprobes formed stable nanoparticle structures of approximately 36 nm in diameter. Strongly self-quenched MMP-HSA nanoprobes boosted intense fluorescence signals in the presence of @entity5780 and @entity1235 . Furthermore, MMP-HSA nanoprobes showed no @entity137 in cell culture. Importantly, intravenous injection of MMP-HSA nanoprobes provided longer blood half-life and successful non-invasive optical imaging of MMP activity during angiogenesis in the @entity19 hindlimb @entity63 model. In addition, the MMP activity visualized by MMP-HSA nanoprobes was consistent with the results of zymography, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. MMP-HSA nanoprobes may be useful for monitoring of the initial process of angiogenesis through non-invasive MMP imaging.

title: Non-invasive optical imaging of matrix metalloproteinase activity with albumin-based fluorogenic nanoprobes during angiogenesis in a XXXX hindlimb @entity63 model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-2', 'Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Liver transplant @entity1 are susceptible to @entity8 through a number of mechanisms. Our aim was to investigate if @entity177 differs among transplant indication groups. Consecutive liver transplantations (396) were divided in three groups: 277 with @entity409 ( @entity409 ), 90 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ), and 29 with @entity96 . Data were recorded before and after transplantation. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was based on Cockcroft-Gault formula and @entity177 staged using the National Kidney Foundation guidelines. On the transplantation day, 4%, 15%, and 0% of @entity1 in the @entity409 , @entity879 , and @entity5 groups, respectively, showed severely decreased GFR (</=29 ml/min/1.73 m(2)). The percentage with moderately or severely decreased GFR (<60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) increased steadily in the @entity409 group (46% at 5 years) but decreased in the @entity879 group from the transplantation day (26% at 5 years). Of @entity1 with moderately or severely decreased GFR at listing, 73% of the @entity409 and 35% of @entity879 @entity1 continued to exhibit it at 1 year. The cumulative incidence of @entity177 was 16% at 10 years. MELD scores did not show notable correlation with post-transplant GFR. @entity8 prior to transplantation often improved post-transplant in @entity879 @entity1 , but was often irreversible in @entity409 @entity1 . In @entity409 and @entity5 @entity1 , @entity177 steadily deteriorated post-transplant.

title: @entity8 in liver transplant @entity1 : comparing XXXX transplanted for @entity96 or acute or chronic disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal dysfunction', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'renal function']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A total of 205 serial, unduplicated urinary isolates of @entity526 was collected from June through August 1998 in 2 community and 3 hospital laboratories. By using the NCCLS broth microdilution technique, their in vitro susceptibility to @entity869 , @entity115 / @entity798 , @entity2261 , @entity9127 , @entity4967 / @entity798 and @entity3400 / @entity7120 was determined. One hundred and twenty isolates were from hospitalised @entity1 , 85 from ambulatory, 129 community acquired and 76 nosocomial. Half of the nosocomial isolates were obtained from naturally produced and half from alternatively produced urine specimens. In general, the highest susceptibility rates, following NCCLS criteria, were found for @entity3400 / @entity7120 (93.2%) followed by @entity2261 (92.2%) and @entity115 / @entity798 (82.9%). @entity869 showed a clear bimodal distribution with a clear peak for the resistant population. The highest degree of @entity869 resistance was found in nosocomial isolates. Overall, @entity869 showed the lowest degree of susceptibility. Most of the @entity869 resistant isolates remained susceptible to @entity3400 / @entity7120 , @entity2261 and @entity115 / @entity798 . In general, the community acquired isolates had higher susceptibility rates than the nosocomial isolates.

title: Study of the in vitro activity of @entity115 / @entity798 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against XXXX isolated from urine specimens.

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity9127 :: ('MESH:C040738', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime axetil']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin', 'Ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of early enteral nutrition (EEN) on intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and disease severity in @entity1 with @entity656 ( @entity656 ). METHODS: Enteral nutrition (EN) was started within 48 h after admission in the EEN group and from the 8th day in the delayed enteral nutrition ( @entity108 ) group. The IAP and @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) incidence were recorded for 2 weeks. The caloric intake and feeding intolerance (FI) incidence were recorded daily after EN was started. The severity markers and clinical outcome variables were also recorded. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were enrolled to this study. No difference about IAP was found. The @entity8479 incidence of the EEN group was significantly lower than that of the @entity108 group from the 9th day (8/30 versus 18/30; P = 0.009) after admission. The FI incidence of the EEN group was higher than that of the @entity108 group during the initial 3 days of feeding (25/30 versus 12/30; P = 0.001; 22/30 versus 9/30; P = 0.001; 15/30 versus 4/30; P = 0.002). @entity1 with an IAP <15 mmHg had lower FI incidence than those with an IAP >= 15 mmHg on the 1st day (20/22 versus 17/38; P < 0.001), the 3rd day (11/13 versus 8/47; P < 0.001), and the 7th day (3/5 versus 3/55; P = 0.005) of feeding. The severity markers and clinical outcome variables of the EEN group were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Early enteral nutrition did not increase IAP. In contrast, it might prevent the development of @entity8479 . In addition, EEN might be not appropriate during the initial 3-4 days of @entity656 onset. Moreover, EN might be of benefit to @entity1 with an IAP <15 mmHg. Early enteral nutrition could improve disease severity and clinical outcome, but did not decrease mortality of @entity656 .

title: Early enteral nutrition prevents XXXX and reduces the severity of @entity656 compared with delayed enteral nutrition: a prospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension', 'IAH']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

answer: @entity8479 :: (MESH:D059325,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal hypertension']


abstract: Clearances of uncharged dextrans of broad size distribution were used to evaluate the effects of a 30 day course of @entity4688 on glomerular barrier function in 10 @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity644 (from 1.4 to 5.6 g/day). Dextran clearance experiments were repeated three times: before @entity4688 therapy, after 30 days of @entity4688 and again 30 days after @entity4688 withdrawal. GFR, but not RPF, was significantly reduced by @entity4688 (basal 38.3 +/- 11.9, @entity4688 30.2 +/- 12.6 ml/min/1.73 m2) and returned to basal values after @entity4688 withdrawal. Urinary protein excretion and fractional clearance of albumin were both significantly reduced by @entity4688 (basal 2.3 +/- 1.1 g/day and 102 +/- 90 x 10(-5), @entity4688 1.2 +/- 0.6 g/day and 51 +/- 23 x 10(-5), respectively) and returned to basal values after @entity4688 withdrawal. Transglomerular passage of large dextrans (radii 54 to 62 A), but not of lower size (26 to 42 A) were significantly lowered by @entity4688 . When @entity4688 was withdrawn the dextran-sieving profile returned comparable to the baseline levels. A theoretical analysis of dextran-sieving profiles indicated that @entity4688 lowered the radius of largest membrane pores. This effect was independent from glomerular hemodynamic changes. We conclude that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (CEI) in @entity1 with @entity8 reduces urinary protein excretion by a primary action on the intrinsic glomerular membrane properties enhancing barrier size-selective function. The hypofiltration associated with @entity4688 therapy in these @entity1 , which was eliminated by its withdrawal, has to be taken into account as a possible undesired effect of CEI in long-term treatment.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition improves glomerular size-selectivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: Tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Epidemiologic studies show an inverse relationship between consumption of tea, especially green tea, and development of @entity5 . Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies indicate strong chemopreventive effects for green tea and its constituents against @entity5 of various organs. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the major @entity12919 in green tea, appears to be the most biologically active constituent in tea with respect to inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in @entity5 cells. Recent studies indicate that the receptor @entity669 kinases (RTKs) are one of the critical targets of @entity3090 to inhibit @entity5 cell growth. @entity3090 inhibits the activation of @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity1722 ( @entity1722 / @entity1722 ) and also @entity7514 ( @entity1722 / @entity7514 ), which belong to subclass I of the RTK superfamily, in various types of @entity1 @entity5 cells. The activation of @entity442 and VEGF receptors, the other members of RTK family, is also inhibited by @entity3090 . In addition, @entity3090 alters membrane lipid organization and thus inhibits the dimerization and activation of @entity470 . Therefore, @entity3090 inhibits the Ras/MAPK and @entity10412 /Akt signaling pathways, which are RTK-related cell signaling pathways, as well as the activation of AP-1 and @entity2451 , thereby modulating the expression of target genes which are associated with induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in @entity5 cells. These findings are significant because abnormalities in the expression and function of RTKs and their downstream effectors play a critical role in the development of several types of @entity1 @entity5 . In this paper we review evidence indicating that @entity3090 exerts anticancer effects, at least in part, through inhibition of activation of the specific RTKs and conclude that targeting RTKs and related signaling pathway by tea @entity23382 might be a promising strategy for the prevention of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Targeting receptor XXXX kinases for chemoprevention by green tea @entity12919 , @entity3090 .

entities_list: @entity23382 :: ('CHEBI:23053', 'Chemical') :: ['catechins']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors after intravenous @entity288 following oral @entity228 failure in active @entity31 @entity1 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity31 who had been treated with a course of intravenous @entity288 after oral @entity228 therapy failure between January 1996 and July 2010 were recruited at Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. The disease activity was measured by the Mayo score, which consists of stool frequency, @entity548 , mucosal appearance at flexible sigmoidoscopy, and Physician Global Assessment. We retrospectively evaluated clinical outcomes at two weeks, one month, three months, and one year after the initiation of intravenous @entity228 therapy. Two weeks outcomes were classified as responders or non-responders. One month, three month and one year outcomes were classified into prolonged response, @entity479 dependency, and refractoriness. RESULTS: Our study included a total of 67 eligible @entity1 . At two weeks, 56 (83.6%) @entity1 responded to intravenous @entity288 . At one month, complete remission was documented in 18 (32.1%) @entity1 and partial remission in 26 (46.4%). Eleven @entity1 (19.7%) were refractory to the treatment. At three months and one year, we found 37 (67.3%) and 25 (46.3%) @entity1 in prolonged response, ten (18.2%) and 23 (42.6%) @entity1 in @entity228 dependency, 8 (14.5%) and 6 (11.1%) @entity1 with no response, respectively. Total 9 @entity1 were underwent elective proctocolectomy within 1 year. The duration of oral @entity228 therapy (> 14 d vs  <= 14 d, P = 0.049) and lower hemoglobin level ( <= 11.0 mg/dL vs >11.0 mg/dL, P = 0.02) were found to be poor prognostic factors for response at two weeks. For one year outcome, univariate analysis revealed that only a partial Mayo score (>=  6 vs <6, P = 0.057) was found to be associated with a poor response. CONCLUSION: The duration of oral @entity228 therapy and lower hemoglobin level were strongly associated with poor outcome.

title: Clinical outcomes and predictive factors in oral XXXX -refractory active @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This evaluated the long-term outcome after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) from below D1 to D4, using a single-site access technique for primary @entity1119 of the upper limbs. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Primary @entity1119 of the upper limbs is a distressing and often socially disabling condition. Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy is considered the treatment of choice, causing minimal morbidity and high initial success rates. However, data regarding long-term results are scarce. METHODS: Two hundred seventy of 323 @entity1 (83.7%), in whom 480 sympathectomies were performed, answered a questionnaire after a mean of 14.6 years postoperatively regarding the early postoperative result, side effects, and complications caused by the operation and long-term results with particular emphasis on @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: There was no postoperative mortality and no major complications requiring surgical reintervention. A majority of the @entity1 (98.1%) were relieved, and 95.5% were satisfied initially. Permanent side effects included compensatory sweating in 67.4%, @entity8810 in 50.7% and @entity4820 .5%. However, @entity1 satisfaction declined over time, although only 1.5% recurred. This left only 66.7% satisfied, and a 26.7% partially satisfied. Compensatory and @entity8810 were the most frequently stated reasons for dissatisfaction. Individuals operated for axillary @entity1119 without palmar involvement were significantly less satisfied (33.3% and 46.2%, respectively).

title: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for primary XXXX of the upper limbs. A critical analysis and long-term results of 480 operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['gustatory sweating']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's trias in 2"]

answer: @entity1119 :: (MESH:D006945,Disease) :: ['hyperhidrosis']


abstract: An 8-year-old male @entity1 of Tuensang District, Nagaland, India, attended Civil Hospital, Tuensang, complaining of cough, fever, @entity10 , and inability to move right arm since one month. On clinical suspicion of @entity1906 , anti-tubercular therapy was initiated and the @entity1 was referred to the Naga Hospital Authority. A brain computed tomography scan revealed an isodense area with surrounding @entity4 on the left parietal lobe, which was diagnosed as @entity6551 and the anti-tubercular therapy was continued. As there was no sign of clinical improvement on completion of the three-month-ATD regimen, the @entity1 was investigated for @entity9643 . Laboratory investigations revealed @entity1503 , raised ESR, Paragonimus egg-positive sputum, and positive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ID tests for @entity9643 . The Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) test and Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) sputum smears were negative. Chest roentgenogram showed no abnormal findings. A final diagnosis of @entity358 associated with @entity1779 was made. The @entity1 responded to @entity2039 therapy. @entity1779 is a serious extrapulmonary form of @entity9643 , sometimes life-threatening, but curable with @entity2039 . It should be included in the differential diagnosis of cerebral granulomatous and other space-occupying lesions.

title: XXXX mimicking @entity6551 : First case report in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6551 :: ('MESH:D014375', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculoma']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral paragonimiasis', 'cerebral paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral paragonimiasis']


abstract: Late infantile @entity12030 ( @entity41820 ) is a severe debilitating @entity74 caused by mutations in @entity35762 . There are no effective treatments, resulting in early childhood @entity204 . A couple with two affected @entity1 presented for reproductive genetic counselling and chose to undertake IVF and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to avoid the possibility of another affected @entity1 . However, DNA testing revealed only one mutation in the proband inherited from mother. Linkage analysis identified five informative linked short tandem repeat markers to aid the genetic diagnosis. Following IVF, five cleavage-stage embryos were biopsied and blastomeres were first subjected to whole-genome amplification, then a series of down-stream molecular genetic analyses to diagnose @entity35762 genotype and finally array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to assess the chromosomal ploidy of each embryo. Two unaffected euploid embryos were identified for transfer. One was transferred on day 5 resulting in an ongoing pregnancy. Confirmatory prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis showed concordance of the embryo and fetal diagnosis. As far as is known, this is the first successful report of PGD for @entity41820 using double-factor PGD with simultaneous single-gene testing and array CGH to identify an unaffected and chromosomally normal embryo for transfer.

title: Successful PGD for late infantile @entity12030 achieved by combined chromosome and XXXX gene analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity12030 :: ('MESH:D009472', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disease']

answer: @entity35762 :: (1200,Gene) :: ['TPP1']


abstract: We studied the effect of support stability on postural responses to the vibration of Achilles tendons and of neck dorsal muscles in healthy @entity1 . For this purpose we compared postural responses on a rigid floor and on 6 cm high rocking supports (see-saws) of different curvatures (different radii: 30, 60 and 120 cm). The subject stood with eyes closed, the centre of the feet coincided with the centre of the see-saw. We recorded platform tilt, horizontal displacements of the upper body, ankle joint angle and activity of ankle joint muscles. On the rocking platform subjects maintained balance in a sagittal direction by making see-saw rotations placing the support under the body's centre of gravity. Equilibrium maintenance requires that the torque in the ankle joint increases during forward body displacements, as on the rigid floor, and be accompanied by @entity1411 (not by a dorsiflexion) in the ankle joint. The directional dependence of vibration-induced reactions on the see-saw was the same (relative to space) as on the rigid floor: backward body displacement during @entity10795 and forward body displacement during neck muscle vibration. A decrease of support stability (with a decrease of the radius from 120 to 30 cm) diminished significantly the effect of @entity10795 and to a lesser extent the effect of neck muscle vibration. In contrast, the increase of platform stability by hand contact with a stable external object gave rise to prominent body sway in response to @entity10795 . Neck muscle vibration on the movable support provoked a quick initial forward body sway. This initial quick response was absent during vibration of the Achilles tendons. We conclude that postural responses to muscle vibration reflect the participation of different muscles in posture control and depend on the support properties. Support instability changes the role of proprioceptive information and the state of the system of equilibrium maintenance.

title: Support stability influences postural responses to muscle vibration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['a plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['Achilles tendon vibration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: Classically @entity545 presents with @entity546 and/or @entity158 , and is associated with a palpable @entity546 . We frequently examine @entity1 with suspected @entity545 ultrasonographically and have noted a subset of @entity1 in whom we could identify only a circumscribed @entity75 . We identified characteristics of these @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of our series of approximately 650 @entity1 with @entity545 47 were identified with these lesions. RESULTS: Of the 47 @entity1 22 presented with @entity546 with or without accompanying or preceding @entity158 . Of the 47 @entity1 17 had a significant history of @entity130 , although only had the classic stigmata of @entity546 . A total of 16 @entity1 had no history of curvature, 7 presented with only penile shortening or focal lack of @entity2003 and 5 were incidentally found to have lesions during assessment for other complaints. Three @entity1 presenting after @entity130 were noted to have septal liquefied @entity1410 , which we aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Followup ultrasound revealed minimal septal thickening. In 1 of these @entity1 the @entity1410 was adjacent to more typical-appearing septal @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: We theorize that these @entity1410 are due to septal @entity174 and may represent a forme fruste or possibly a precursor lesion of more @entity82 . Ultrasonographic evaluation may allow earlier identification and treatment of occult septal injuries or lesions and prevent subsequent @entity82 and its associated symptoms.

title: Isolated septal XXXX or @entity1410 --atypical @entity545 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'typical septal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['septal lesion']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile fracture', 'penile curvature', 'penile plaque']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: Importance: Relapse prevention in recurrent @entity308 is a significant public health problem, and antidepressants are the current first-line treatment approach. Identifying an equally efficacious nonpharmacological intervention would be an important development. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis on individual @entity1 data to examine the efficacy of @entity73 ( @entity73 ) compared with usual care and other active treatments, including antidepressants, in treating those with recurrent @entity308 . Data Sources: English-language studies published or accepted for publication in peer-reviewed journals identified from EMBASE, PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register from the first available year to November 22, 2014. Searches were conducted from November 2010 to November 2014. Study Selection: Randomized trials of manualized @entity73 for relapse prevention in recurrent @entity308 in full or partial remission that compared @entity73 with at least 1 non- @entity73 treatment, including usual care. Data Extraction and Synthesis: This was an update to a previous meta-analysis. We screened 2555 new records after removing duplicates. Abstracts were screened for full-text extraction (S.S.) and checked by another researcher (T.D.). There were no disagreements. Of the original 2555 studies, 766 were evaluated against full study inclusion criteria, and we acquired full text for 8. Of these, 4 studies were excluded, and the remaining 4 were combined with the 6 studies identified from the previous meta-analysis, yielding 10 studies for qualitative synthesis. Full @entity1 data were not available for 1 of these studies, resulting in 9 studies with individual @entity1 data, which were included in the quantitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1258 @entity1 included, the mean (SD) age was 47.1 (11.9) years, and 944 (75.0%) were female. A 2-stage random effects approach showed that @entity1 receiving @entity73 had a reduced risk of @entity308 within a 60-week follow-up period compared with those who did not receive @entity73 (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58-0.82). Furthermore, comparisons with active treatments suggest a reduced risk of @entity308 within a 60-week follow-up period (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.97). Using a 1-stage approach, sociodemographic (ie, age, sex, education, and relationship status) and @entity146 (ie, age at onset and number of previous episodes of @entity308 ) variables showed no statistically significant interaction with @entity73 treatment. However, there was some evidence to suggest that a greater severity of @entity308 prior to treatment was associated with a larger effect of @entity73 compared with other treatments. Conclusions and Relevance: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy appears efficacious as a treatment for relapse prevention for those with recurrent @entity308 , particularly those with more pronounced residual symptoms. Recommendations are made concerning how future trials can address remaining uncertainties and improve the rigor of the field.

title: Efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in Prevention of XXXX : An Individual @entity1 Data Meta-analysis From Randomized Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mindfulness-based cognitive therapy', 'MBCT']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive relapse', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Relapse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence evaluating the efficacy and safety of antiviral agents to reduce morbidity associated with @entity4401 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched (all up to April 2006) for English-language, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials that evaluated the use of antiviral agents in @entity4401 . Search terms included @entity4401 , @entity1033 , @entity6933 , @entity28959 , and randomized controlled trials. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Prospective, randomized, controlled trials that evaluated efficacy and safety endpoints of antiviral agents in the treatment of @entity4401 were included. Primary efficacy outcomes included @entity3541 recovery profile, @entity3541 recovery index, and the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading scale. Safety outcomes were also identified by each trial. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two prospective, randomized clinical trials were included in this review, both involving the use of @entity1033 for treatment of @entity4401 . @entity1033 monotherapy was shown to be inferior to @entity229 monotherapy; however, the combination of @entity1033 and @entity229 was found to be superior to @entity229 alone. There are limited data describing the safety of @entity1033 in @entity4401 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity1033 in the treatment of @entity4401 remains controversial. Additional, adequately powered, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to definitively support its use. For the time being, the evidence reviewed in this article would favor the combination of @entity1033 and @entity229 if commenced within the first 72 hours of symptom onset.

title: XXXX : a review of treatment using antiviral agents.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity6933 :: ('MESH:C084555', 'Chemical') :: ['valacyclovir']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']