abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether chronic interpersonal stress is associated with cellular markers of @entity32 and regulation of these responses by in vitro doses of glucocorticoids in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . The association between these markers of @entity32 and @entity1295 was also tested. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity309 @entity1 completed up to 30 daily ratings of the stressfulness of their interpersonal relations. @entity650 ( @entity650 ) production was analyzed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures with and without varying concentrations of the glucocorticoid @entity701 . In addition, plasma levels of @entity650 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were analyzed, and subjective ratings of @entity1295 and @entity158 were obtained on the day of blood sampling. RESULTS: Multilevel modeling showed that higher chronic interpersonal stress was associated with greater stimulated @entity650 production (p<0.05) as well as greater resistance to @entity701 inhibition of @entity650 production (p<0.05). These relations were not accounted for by demographic factors, body mass index, or @entity134 medication use. Stimulated production of @entity650 , in turn, was associated with greater levels of self-reported @entity1295 , controlling for @entity158 (p<0.05). Neither chronic stress ratings nor @entity5815 were related to plasma levels of @entity650 or @entity1851 (ps>.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity309 @entity1 , chronic interpersonal stress is associated with greater stimulated cellular production of @entity650 along with impairments in the capacity of glucocorticoids to inhibit this cellular inflammatory response. Moreover, these findings add to a growing body of data that implicate heightened proinflammatory cytokine activity in those at risk for @entity5815 .

title: Chronic stress and regulation of cellular markers of @entity32 in XXXX : implications for @entity1295 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue symptoms']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic capability of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in a large series of @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 133 haemodynamically stable @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . @entity1 were assessed by ultrasonography (US), @entity8 and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with and without administration of a contrast agent. The study was approved by our hospital ethics committee (clinical study no. 1/2004/O). RESULTS: In the 133 selected @entity1 , CT identified 84 lesions; namely, 48 splenic, 21 hepatic, 13 renal or adrenal and two pancreatic. US identified free fluid or parenchymal alterations in 59/84 @entity1 with positive CT and free fluid in 20/49 @entity1 with negative CT. @entity8 detected 81/84 traumatic lesions identified on CT and ruled out traumatic lesions in 48/49 @entity1 with negative CT. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of US were 70.2%, 59.2%, 74.7% and 53.7%, respectively, whereas those of @entity8 were 96.4%, 98%, 98.8% and 94.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity8 is an accurate technique for evaluating traumatic lesions of solid abdominal organs. The technique is able to detect active @entity548 and @entity455 , avoids exposure to ionising radiation and is useful for monitoring @entity1 undergoing conservative treatment.

title: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in blunt XXXX : considerations after 5 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CEUS', 'contrast-enhanced ultrasonography']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: A total of 137 @entity1 with @entity1963 involving or not involving the small intestine ( @entity6168 ) were analyzed to clarify the recent trends of @entity6168 in Japan. The percent of @entity6168 out of all types of @entity1963 was 8.4%. Male to female ratio in @entity6168 was 1.5:1. Open biopsy was relatively frequent for diagnosis, the rate being 40.9%. A total of 67.4% of the @entity6168 @entity1 were diagnosed in the first month of life. Seventy-two percent of the @entity1 underwent enterostomy in the neonatal period. Definitive operations were performed in 67 @entity1 . Sixty underwent retrorectal transanal pull-through, most of which were Martin's procedure (56 cases). Mortality rate after Martin's procedure was 12.5%. Sixty-four percent of the @entity1 with enterostomy alone did not survive. This study shows the recent trends of @entity6168 and indicates there is still much room for improvement in the clinical management of @entity6168 .

title: XXXX with or without small bowel involvement: an analysis of 137 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease", 'total colonic aganglionosis']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Total colonic aganglionosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity571 is the most prevalent chronic @entity625 . Because of its chronic disease nature, local drugs are preferred due to lower complications. In the present study, the new herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel for @entity626 was used in a double-blind crossover trial. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Marhame-Mafasel pomade, which consists of several medical herbs including Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla, in @entity626 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial. Forty-two @entity1 with @entity158 associated with @entity626 (diagnosed by criteria of the European League against @entity627 and physical examination) were drawn from @entity1 attending the Clinic of Mostafa-Khomeini Hospital. In this study we assessed efficacy (analgesic effect and improved function) of herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel, which was used locally in @entity1 with primary @entity626 over three weeks. The instrument of the study was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) LK3.1 standard questionnaires. RESULTS: The @entity1 in each group were 21 @entity1 ; 30 (71.4%) were @entity1 and 12 (28.6%) of them were @entity1 . The @entity1 were between 40 and 76 years old. Six @entity1 had mild @entity625 , 15 had moderate @entity625 and 21 had severe @entity625 . The positive analgesic effect of the herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel in primary @entity626 was proven. The herbal joint pomade Marhame-Mafasel had a significantly greater mean change in score compared to the placebo group for @entity571 severity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Herbal pomade Marhame-Mafasel in comparison to placebo has more effect on reduction of @entity158 of primary @entity626 .

title: Mixture of Arnebia euchroma and Matricaria chamomilla (Marhame-Mafasel) for XXXX relief of @entity626 - a two-treatment, two-period crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee', 'knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['non-infective joint arthritis', 'arthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Selected childhood and adult @entity5 exemplify fundamental differences in their propensity for genomic change. DNA replication is essential for the formation of @entity10053 , probably because the genome can be remodeled. Nonetheless, several differentiated and stable childhood @entity5 retain their nuclear controls for differentiation. In contrast, rapidly arising @entity11 often show a variety of phenotypic changes. Genomic plasticity and instability allow @entity11 to flexibly adapt to new environments. Gene changes (in DNA) can be limited in @entity5 whereas more widespread genetic changes in @entity11 indicate a fundamental alteration in many chromosome regions. Can such regions be defined? We used one repeated DNA sequence (TTAGGG)n, present at the end of all normal @entity1 chromosomes, to investigate chromosome termini in more detail. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed this region can be unusually variable, as several other multilocus probes did not reveal comparable changes. Because telomeres form unique chromosomal structures, and are thought to provide essential signals to position chromosomes in the interphase nucleus, it was pertinent to assess these regions by in situ hybridization. Many telomeric domains localized at variable as well as interior nuclear positions in @entity11 cells. These positions, which are presumably abnormal, may be generated by the DNA variants observed. Such position changes may contribute to the more general 'disorder' observed in @entity11 nuclei. Other chromosome domains with a unique DNA-protein structure may define additional genomic loci that are preferentially modified in @entity5 . A fundamental understanding of chromosome structure should clarify the problem of multilocus instability in @entity463 .

title: Genomic stability and instability in different XXXX . A role for chromosome structure?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood tumors', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasia', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity10053 :: ('MESH:D018302', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity10053 :: (MESH:D018302,Disease) :: ['neuroepithelial tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of five types of @entity130 and their relationship to @entity4225 and self-destructive behaviors in female subjects recruited from a primary care setting. DESIGN: Consecutive sample. METHOD: Subjects completed a lengthy research booklet. SETTING: Primary care, outpatient, health maintenance organization setting. @entity1 : One hundred fifty-two consecutive @entity1 , aged 18 to 45 years, who were scheduled for routine gynecological care by a female family physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Measures included a demographic questionnaire, a @entity130 questionnaire (ie, @entity458 , physical neglect, and witnessing of violence), the Borderline Personality Scale of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised; and the Self-Harm Inventory. RESULTS: Traumatic experiences were reported by 70.7% of the subjects (25.8%, @entity458 ; 36.4%, physical abuse; 43.7%, emotional abuse; 9.3%, physical neglect; and 43.0%, witnessing of violence). There was a significant correlation between the acknowledged number of abuse categories and @entity4225 (r = .36, P = .01) as well as self-destructive behaviors (r = .43, P = .01). @entity458 and witnessing of violence were most associated with @entity4225 ; @entity458 , physical abuse, and witnessing of violence were most associated with self-destructive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence that abuse is a nonspecific but contributory factor to psychopathologic processes, in particular @entity4225 and self-destructive behaviors.

title: The prevalence of XXXX and its relationship to @entity4225 and self-destructive behaviors in a primary care setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality symptoms']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse', 'sexual, physical, and emotional abuse', 'Sexual abuse']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the first relapse pattern in relation to the known prognostic factors in a clinical sample of 1486 @entity0 @entity1 . The higher the stage or grade, the earlier the relapses appeared. The percentage of bone and lung @entity3 was significantly higher in stage III (15% and 12%, respectively) than in stage I (6% each). Cancers of the opposite breast were more common in grade I than in higher grades. Distant @entity3 were more common in grade III than in grade I, the difference being highly significant. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity1 under 45 years of age (p less than 0.01) with no differences in the distribution of relapses into sites between the age groups. However, @entity189 of the opposite breast were significantly more common in premenopausal than in postmenopausal @entity1 . Liver @entity3 , more common with histologically aggressive @entity189 , appeared earlier than other relapses, 92% being found within 5 years. @entity189 of the opposite breast developed slowly. At least 90% were, in fact, primary @entity5 . Brain @entity3 , too, developed more slowly than other relapses. An individual follow-up program based on prognostic factors is presented.

title: Relapse pattern and follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Numerous epidemiological studies have associated episodes of increased air pollution with increased incidence of @entity1576 , including @entity55 , croup, and @entity3617 . @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) and @entity3636 are among 33 hazardous air pollutants identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as presenting the greatest threat to public health in the largest number of urban areas. Also, both are common indoor air pollutants. Here, we assessed the potential effects of @entity4966 and @entity3636 on resistance to @entity2348 (AM) function. @entity2659 @entity19 were exposed by inhalation to filtered air (control) or concentrations of @entity4966 ranging from 5 to 200   ppm, or concentrations of @entity3636 ranging from 100 to 2000   ppm. Immediately following exposure, @entity19 were challenged with an aerosol of @entity11674 and monitored for clearance of bacteria from the lung and mortality. In separate experiments, exposed @entity19 were injected intratracheally with viable bacteria and phagocytic function was evaluated in macrophages obtained from lung washes 30   min later. The NOEL for enhanced mortality to infection was 25   ppm for @entity4966 and 500   ppm for @entity3636 . Relative to the air controls, differences in clearance of bacteria from the lung were noted in @entity19 exposed to @entity4966 (NOEL   =   50   ppm) and to @entity3636 (NOEL 100   ppm), and differences in AM phagocytic index were noted for @entity4966 (NOEL   =   100   ppm) and for @entity3636 (NOEL < 100   ppm). The data support the utility of the @entity11674 infectivity model in assessing potential increased risk of @entity1729 and suggest that delayed clearance of bacteria from the lung or decreased phagocytosis are viable alternatives to mortality as an endpoint. Collectively, these endpoints are among the most sensitive health effects reported for @entity4966 .

title: Suppression of pulmonary host defenses and enhanced susceptibility to @entity1729 in @entity19 following inhalation exposure to @entity4965 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3636 :: ('MESH:D002725', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroform']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary bacterial infection and related alveolar macrophage']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['S. zooepidemicus', 'Streptococcus zooepidemicus']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['Trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity3636 :: (MESH:D002725,Chemical) :: ['chloroform']


abstract: @entity6249 is considered hereditary in about 5% of @entity1 and is characterized by @entity1188 and @entity62 on MRI. Several monogenic @entity74 causing @entity6249 and @entity64 have been identified. The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a guide for determining when to consider molecular genetic testing in @entity1 presenting with small vessel disease and @entity64 . CADASIL, CARASIL, collagen type IV mutations (including PADMAL), @entity989 with @entity8431 , @entity2314 , @entity1779 with @entity2783 , and forkhead box C1 mutations are described in terms of genetics, pathology, clinical manifestation, imaging, and diagnosis. These monogenic disorders are often characterized by early-age @entity64 , but also by @entity2704 , @entity1316 , @entity1294 and often gait disturbances. Some also present with extra-cerebral manifestations such as @entity8 . Many present with clinically recognizable syndromes. Investigations include a thorough family medical history, medical history, neurological examination, neuroimaging, often supplemented by specific examinations e.g of the of vision, retinal changes, as well as kidney and heart function. However molecular genetic analysis is the final gold standard of diagnosis. There are increasing numbers of reports on new monogenic syndromes causing @entity6249 . Genetic counseling is important. Enzyme replacement therapy is possible in @entity2314 , but treatment options remain overall very limited.

title: @entity74 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy of the eyes and kidneys']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral small vessel disease', 'Cerebral small vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity8431 :: ('MESH:D007966', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral leukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar infarcts']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbances']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The term @entity82 -associated @entity1200 refers to the main @entity854 of immune function, @entity32 that are present in @entity82 . The course of advanced @entity82 , regardless of its aetiology, is complicated by @entity82 -associated @entity1200 and this constitutes the pathophysiological hallmark of an increased susceptibility to @entity2348 , distinctive of the disease. @entity82 impairs the homeostatic role of the liver in the systemic immune response. Damage to the @entity262 the immune surveillance function of the organ and the reduced hepatic synthesis of proteins, involved in innate immunity and pattern recognition, hinders the bactericidal ability of phagocytic cells. Systemic @entity32 , in form of activated circulating immune cells and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is the result of persistent episodic activation of circulating immune cells from damage-associated molecular patterns, released from necrotic liver cells and, as @entity82 progresses, from pathogen-associated molecular patterns, released from the leaky gut. @entity1200 phenotypes switch from predominantly "pro-inflammatory" to predominantly "immunodeficient" in @entity1 with stable ascitic @entity82 and in @entity1 with severely decompensated @entity82 and extra-hepatic organ failure (e.g. acute-on-chronic @entity1578 ), respectively. These @entity82 -associated @entity1200 phenotypes represent the extremes of a spectrum of reversible dynamic events that take place during the course of @entity82 . Systemic @entity32 can affect the functions of tissue somatic cells and modify the clinical manifestation of @entity82 . The best characterized example is the contribution of systemic @entity32 to the haemodynamic derangement of @entity82 , which correlates negatively with prognosis.

title: XXXX : Distinctive features and clinical relevance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency and systemic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['reticulo-endothelial system compromises']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction', 'Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of @entity291 @entity692 as an orbital implant material. METHODS: Prospective, consecutive case series of @entity1 undergoing enucleation, evisceration, or secondary orbital implantation. A motility peg was placed in all consenting candidates. @entity1 were followed 1 week, 1 month, and several months after surgery for signs of @entity32 , infection, extrusion, or other complication. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 received a @entity291 @entity692 orbital implant. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 3 @entity1 (3 orbits) approximately 4 weeks after surgery and showed signs of peripheral fibrovascular ingrowth in all three cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was obtained in 9 @entity1 (9 orbits) 4 to 12 months after surgery and showed signs of incomplete fibrovascular ingrowth in 1 of 9 (11%) cases, subtotal fibrovascular ingrowth in 2 of 9 (22%) cases, and complete fibrovascular ingrowth in 6 of 9 (67%) of cases. Complications included @entity86 in 3 cases (11%) and exposure requiring reoperation in 2 cases (7%). Motility peg placement was performed successfully in 5 @entity1 (5 orbits). CONCLUSIONS: @entity291 @entity692 appears to be a safe and effective orbital implant material. The material appears to be biocompatible and nonallergenic. @entity291 @entity692 allows for fibrovascular integration and motility peg placement.

title: @entity291 XXXX orbital implant: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chemosis']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: Pneumoencephalography ( @entity970 ) was carried out in 50 @entity1 of both sexes consecutively discharged from a psychiatric department with a diagnosis of acute @entity161 . At clinical follow-up with a mean observation time of 8 years the diagnosis was verified in 38 @entity1 , while 12 were considered to have had a reactive @entity716 . The @entity970 findings and clinical findings in these two groups are compared, and compared to corresponding findings in 101 chronic schizophrenics previously studied with the same method. Linear measurements were used in estimating the size of the ventricular system, which was safely within normal limits in all but three of the 50 @entity1 . Mean ventricular size did not differ significantly in the two groups of acute @entity914 . No case of cortical @entity194 was found. More than half of the chronic schizophrenics had abnormal @entity970 's, the typical finding being a bilateral enlargement of the ventricular system. The mean size of all parts of the ventricular system was significantly higher than in the acute schizophrenics. A close correlation was found between @entity1032 and @entity67 . The most reasonable explanation of these findings is that @entity161 is an @entity2246 , disturbing normal brain function and in the long run leading to degenerative changes of the nervous tissue.

title: Pneumoencephalographic evidence of brain atrophy in acute and chronic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental deterioration']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychoses']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['inborn error of metabolism']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: Background. Early detection of subclinical @entity6331 by use of echocardiography warrants timely implementation of secondary antibiotic prophylaxis and thereby prevents or retards its related complications. Objectives. The objective of this epidemiological study was to determine prevalence of @entity6668 by echocardiography using World Heart Federation criteria in randomly selected school @entity1 of Trivandrum. Methods. This was a population-based cross-sectional screening study carried out in Trivandrum. A total of 2060 school @entity1 , 5-15 years, were randomly selected from five government and two private (aided) schools. All enrolled @entity1 were screened for @entity6668 according to standard clinical and WHF criteria of echocardiography. Results. Echocardiographic examinations confirmed @entity6668 in 5 @entity1 out of 146 clinically suspected cases. Thus, clinical prevalence was found to be 2.4 per 1000. According to WHF criteria of echocardiography, 12 @entity1 (12/2060) were diagnosed with @entity6668 corresponding to echocardiographic prevalence of 5.83 cases per 1000. As per criteria, 6 @entity1 were diagnosed with definite @entity6668 and 6 with borderline @entity6668 . Conclusions. The results of the current study demonstrate that echocardiography is more sensitive and feasible in detecting clinically silent @entity6668 . Our study, the largest school survey of south India till date, points towards declining prevalence of @entity6668 (5.83/1000 cases) using WHF criteria in Kerala.

title: XXXX in Kerala: A Vanishing Entity? An Echo Doppler Study in 5-15-Years-Old School @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['Rheumatic Heart Disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the feasibility of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) in @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 and candidates for radical prostatectomy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 38 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity263 were enrolled. No @entity1 had evidence of lymph node or distant @entity3 , probability of organ-confined disease >25%, or risk of lymph node involvement >15% according to the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram. The IORT was delivered after exposure of the prostate by a dedicated linear accelerator with beveled collimators using electrons of 9 to 12 MeV to a total dose of 10-12 Gy. Rectal dose was measured in vivo by radiochromic films placed on a rectal probe. Adminstration of IORT was followed by completion of radical prostatectomy and regional lymph node dissection. All cases with extracapsular extension and/or positive margins were scheduled for postoperative radiotherapy. @entity1 with @entity1803 to pT4 disease or positive nodes received adjuvant hormonal therapy. RESULTS: Mean dose detected by radiochromic films was 3.9 Gy (range, 0.4-8.9 Gy) to the anterior rectal wall. The IORT procedure lasted 31 min on average (range, 15-45 min). No major intra- or @entity260 occurred. Minor complications were observed in 10/33 (30%) of cases. Of the 27/31 @entity1 who completed the postoperative external beam radiotherapy, 3/27 experienced Grade 2 @entity137 and 1/27 experienced Grade 2 urinary @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Use of IORT during radical prostatectomy is feasible and allows safe delivery of postoperative external beam radiotherapy to the @entity5 bed without relevant acute @entity137 .

title: Intraoperative radiotherapy during radical prostatectomy for locally advanced XXXX : technical and dosimetric aspects.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of lung interstitial dendritic cells in immunodissonance and @entity130 in @entity881 ( @entity881 ). METHODS: Animal model of @entity881 was established by injecting zymosan into the peritoneal cavity of C57BL/6 @entity19 . The @entity19 were randomly divided into groups of normal, 3 - 6 hours, 12 - 48 hours, 5 - 7 days, 10 - 12 days post injection. Pathological changes of lung and interstitial dendritic cells were studied by light and transmission electron microscope. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and flow cytometry analyses were used to document status of biomarkers, including specific surface markers ( @entity13384 and @entity11805 ), costimulatory molecules ( @entity8271 and @entity11787 ), @entity13385 and its receptor @entity13386 in lung, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte subtypes in peripheral blood. RESULTS: At early stage of injury, interstitial dendritic cells showed an increase in proliferation with expression of low level of @entity8271 and @entity11787 . In contrast, the expression of @entity13385 and its receptor @entity13386 in lung were increased. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ declined in peripheral blood. At the stage of SIRS, interstitial dendritic cells continued to proliferate with high expressions of @entity8271 and @entity11787 . @entity13385 and @entity13386 in lung also increased. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ declined markedly in peripheral blood. At the @entity881 stage, interstitial dendritic cells further proliferated, but the expression of @entity8271 and @entity11787 declined to a very low level. Although the level of @entity13385 increased consistently, the level of @entity13386 continued to decrease, along with a markedly decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations of lung interstitial dendritic cells are likely to influence the course of immunological dysfunction of @entity881 . The level of @entity13386 may serve as an indicator of the migration activity of interstitial dendritic cells and systemic immune response.

title: [Implications of lung interstitial dendritic cells of @entity19 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['organ injury']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome']


abstract: The urokinase plasminogen activator ( @entity10431 ) is a proteolytic enzyme which converts the proenzyme plasminogen to the active @entity563 protease @entity1351 . A cell surface receptor for @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) is attached to the cell membrane by a @entity4495 anchor. Binding of @entity10431 to @entity10431 leads to an enhanced @entity1351 formation and thereby an amplification of pericellular proteolysis. We have shown previously that @entity10431 is expressed on normal blood monocytes and granulocytes, but is deficient on affected blood monocytes and granulocytes in @entity1 with @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ), and that @entity10431 is present in plasma from these @entity1 . In this study a newly established sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been applied for quantitation of @entity10431 in plasma. Unexpectedly, we found that @entity10431 is not only present in @entity7965 plasma but also in plasma from healthy individuals. In 39 healthy individuals the mean plasma- @entity10431 value +/- SD was 31 +/- 15 pM, median 28 (range 11-108), and the corresponding value for six @entity7965 @entity1 was 116 +/- 67 pM, median 90 (range 61-228). The elevated @entity10431 -level in @entity7965 @entity1 was highly significant (Mann-Whitney test; P < 0.0001), and may possibly contribute to the propensity for @entity715 in @entity7965 by inhibition of the fibrinolytic system. Binding of pro- @entity10431 by @entity10431 in plasma may interfere with the appropriate binding of pro- @entity10431 to cell-bound @entity10431 and therefore inhibit cell-associated @entity1351 generation and fibrinolysis. It is likely that the @entity10431 in normal plasma reflects the overall level of activity of the @entity10431 -mediated cell surface proteolysis. The present ELISA may be used for studies of @entity10431 levels in plasma from @entity1 with conditions in which this activity might be increased, such as @entity5 and @entity32 . Future studies will determine if @entity10431 in plasma is a parameter of clinical importance in these diseases.

title: The receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator is present in plasma from healthy donors and elevated in XXXX with @entity7965 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['PNH', 'paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glycated hemoglobin has been suggested to be superior to fasting @entity413 for the prediction of @entity455 and @entity204 from any cause. The aim of the present work was to analyze and compare the predictive value of glycated hemoglobin and fasting @entity413 on all-cause and cause-specific mortality in subjects who underwent coronary angiography. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 2,686 @entity1 of the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular health study without a history of @entity6 . The majority of this cohort had @entity453 . Glycated hemoglobin was measured at the baseline examination. The mean (   SD) duration of the follow-up for all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity5 mortality was 7.54    2.1 years. RESULTS: A total of 508 @entity204 occurred during the follow-up. Of those, 299 were accounted for by @entity65 and 79 by @entity5 . Baseline glycated hemoglobin was predictive of all-cause, cardiovascular, and @entity5 mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) for glycated hemoglobin values of <5.0, 5.0-5.4, 5.5-5.9, 6.0-6.4, 6.5-7.4, and >= 7.5% for all-cause mortality were 1.36 (0.85-2.18), 1.00 (0.76-1.32), 1.00 (reference), 1.11 (0.88-1.41), 1.39 (1.07-1.82), and 2.15 (1.32-3.53), respectively. Similar J-shaped relationships were found between glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular and @entity5 mortality. The associations of glycated hemoglobin with all-cause and @entity65 remained significant after inclusion of fasting @entity413 as a covariate. However, fasting @entity413 was not significantly related to mortality when adjusting for glycated hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS: Glycated hemoglobin significantly and independently of fasting @entity413 predicts all-cause and @entity65 in whites at intermediate to high cardiovascular risk.

title: Glycated hemoglobin predicts all-cause, cardiovascular, and XXXX mortality in @entity1 without a history of @entity6 undergoing coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Good results have been reported for angioplasty and stenting of post-thrombotic lesions of the iliac and proximal femoral veins. If lesions at the origin of the superficial femoral and profunda veins are stented, the intraluminal synechiae can be pushed against the orifices of inflow vessels, potentially decreasing stent inflow. Surgical disobliteration of the common femoral vein (endophlebectomy) has been suggested to mitigate this problem. Because of a temporary increase in thrombogenicity, this procedure may be accompanied by @entity2548 creation. METHODS: Data on consecutive @entity1 treated by hybrid venous reconstruction, between December 2010 and May 2015, were analysed. Standard recording consisted of clinical scoring systems (including Villalta scale) and imaging. Patency was assessed with duplex ultrasonography. RESULTS: Seventy-six legs (70 @entity1 ) were included. Median follow-up was 379 (range 73-1508) days. Primary, assisted primary and secondary patency rates at 12 months were 51, 70 and 83 per cent respectively. Sixty per cent of loss of primary patency (24 of 40 legs) was related to common @entity2096 , and the rest to rethrombosis. Other complications included @entity2737 (29 per cent) and lymphatic leak (39 per cent). The Villalta score had decreased by a median of 7 points at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: The combination of venous stenting, endophlebectomy and @entity2548 creation for @entity1 with extensive post-thrombotic vein damage and severe post-thrombotic syndrome is feasible.

title: Endophlebectomy of the common femoral vein and XXXX creation as adjuncts to venous stenting for post-thrombotic syndrome.

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: A large outbreak of @entity10217 (Serogroup A) occurred in southern Chad in 1990. We describe the epidemic in the town of Sarh, where a mass vaccination against @entity10217 had taken place two years before, in 1988 (estimated coverage: 66%). Early warning that an epidemic was imminent was given at the end of February, following more than 15 recorded cases per 100,000 population on 3 consecutive weeks. This threshold proved to be adequate to predict the outbreak. A total of 721 cases were recorded at Sarh hospital and at a nearby health centre. Direct agglutination tests confirmed that Neisseria @entity693 serogroup A was the only causative agent. The overall incidence rate in this population of 80,000 was 0.9%. The highest weekly incidence rate was 186 cases per 100,000 population. The mean age of the @entity1 was 12.6 years and age-specific incidence rates ranged from 0.23% to 1.42%. The male/female sex ratio was 1.36. Overall, the mortality among hospitalized @entity1 was 7.9%. Mortality increased during the epidemic. The major risk factor for dying was the delay until reaching hospital. Only 4 out of 29 interviewed parents said that their @entity1 had been vaccinated two years before. Among adult @entity1 this proportion was 12/38 (32%). Because of the small numbers and because of the impossibility to check the vaccination records it was not possible to assess precisely the impact of earlier mass vaccination. However, the previous mass vaccination did not prevent this major epidemic and its impact is likely to have been unimportant.

title: The 1990 XXXX epidemic of Sarh (Chad): how useful was an earlier mass vaccination?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity10217 :: (MESH:D008585,Disease) :: ['meningococcal meningitis']


abstract: 1. Cell-attached single-channel recordings of @entity143 channels were carried out in @entity1 dentate gyrus granule cells acutely dissociated from slices prepared from hippocampi surgically removed for the treatment of @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ). The channels were activated by @entity14424 (250-500 nM) in the presence of saturating @entity2228 (8 microM). 2. The main conductance was @entity19 pS. In ten of thirty granule cells, clear subconductance states were observed with a mean conductance of 42 +/- 3 pS, representing 8 +/- 2 % of the total openings. 3. The mean open times varied from cell to cell, possibly owing to differences in the epileptogenicity of the tissue of origin. The mean open time was 2.70 +/- 0.95 ms (range, 1.24-4.78 ms). In 87 % of the cells, three exponential components were required to fit the apparent open time distributions. In the remaining neurons, as in control @entity35 granule cells, two exponentials were sufficient. Shut time distributions were fitted by five exponential components. 4. The average numbers of openings in bursts (1.74 +/- 0.09) and clusters (3.06 +/- 0.26) were similar to values obtained in rodents. The mean burst (6.66 +/- 0.9 ms), cluster (20.1 +/- 3.3 ms) and supercluster lengths (116.7 +/- 17.5 ms) were longer than those in control @entity35 granule cells, but approached the values previously reported for @entity1315 (kindled) @entity35 . 5. As in @entity35 @entity143 channels, adjacent open and shut intervals appeared to be inversely related to each other, but it was only the relative areas of the three open time constants that changed with adjacent shut time intervals. 6. The long openings of @entity1 @entity1315 @entity143 channels resembled those produced by calcineurin inhibitors in control @entity35 granule cells. Yet the calcineurin inhibitor @entity1140 (500 nM) did not prolong the openings of @entity1 channels, consistent with a decreased calcineurin activity in @entity1 @entity1315 . 7. Many properties of the @entity1 @entity143 channels resemble those recorded in @entity35 hippocampal neurons. Both have similar slope conductances, five exponential shut time distributions, complex groupings of openings, and a comparable number of openings per grouping. Other properties of @entity1 @entity1315 @entity143 channels correspond to those observed in kindling; the openings are considerably long, requiring an additional exponential component to fit their distributions, and inhibition of calcineurin is without effect in prolonging the openings.

title: Properties of single @entity143 receptor channels in XXXX dentate gyrus granule cells.

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['TLE', 'temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity14424 :: ('CHEBI:29991', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the validity of the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the Western blotting test for the diagnosis of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) using serum samples obtained from 51 @entity1 with parasitologically proven nontreated CL (NonT-CL @entity1 ) and 62 @entity1 under treatment for CL (UT-CL @entity1 ). Additionally, 29 serum samples obtained from @entity1 with parasitologically and serologically proven @entity234 ( @entity234 ) were also used as positive controls, and serum samples from 43 blood donors were used as negative controls. All sera were diluted to the same dilution (1/100). @entity13556 MON-1 was used as the antigen in the conventional ELISA. The sera of 27 (93.1%) of 29 @entity234 @entity1 were seropositive by ELISA, while the sera of 40 (78.4%) of 51 NonT-CL @entity1 and 43 (69.3%) of 62 UT-CL @entity1 were seropositive by the conventional ELISA. The absorbance values of the CL @entity1 ' sera were significantly lower than the absorbance values of the @entity234 @entity1 ' sera. Bands between 15 and 118 kDa were detected in two groups of CL @entity1 . Among all bands, the 63-kDa band was found to be more sensitive (88.5%). When we evaluated the Western blotting results for the presence of at least one of the diagnostic antigenic bands, the sensitivity was calculated to be 99.1%. By using serological tests, a measurable antibody response was detected in most of the CL @entity1 in Sanliurfa, @entity233 . It is also noted that this response can be changed according to the sizes, types, and numbers of lesions that the @entity1 has. The Western blot test was found to be more sensitive and valid than the conventional ELISA for the serodiagnosis of @entity4536 . In some instances, when it is very difficult to demonstrate the presence of parasites in the smears, immunodiagnosis can be a valuable alternative for the diagnosis of @entity4536 .

title: Serodiagnosis of @entity4536 ( XXXX ) caused by @entity13556 tropica in Sanliurfa Province, @entity233 , where @entity4536 Is highly endemic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania infantum']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['ACL', 'anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['ACL']


abstract: Achievement of a pathologic complete response after primary chemotherapy in @entity0 can predict long-term outcome. We have investigated a combination of @entity1259 , @entity786 , and @entity1206 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced @entity0 (LABC). From January 1997 to May 1999, 30 chemonaive @entity1 were treated (T2 or T3 histologically proven invasive @entity0 ). Treatment was @entity1206 25 mg/m2 day 1 and day 3, @entity1259 30 mg/m2/d, days 1 to 3, @entity786 350 mg/m2/d, days 1 to 3, every 14 days for 4 courses. Twenty-nine @entity1 were evaluable. Median age: 48 years (range: 28-66 years); 26 had @entity513 and 4 lobular invasive @entity189 ; median @entity5 size: 7 cm; median number of induction cycles: four. Clinical objective response was seen in 24 @entity1 (relative risk: 86%), 14 complete responses, 10 partial responses, four stable disease (no significant changes). Twenty-nine @entity1 had surgical treatment. Pathologic response rate was complete response in 32% (no @entity41 ), in situ @entity189 : 11%, invasive or unchanged @entity5 remaining: 57%. Ninety-eight cycles were administered; major @entity137 were hematologic: grade IV Hb in 5% and grade IV @entity1398 in 60% of cycles. Ten @entity1 required hospitalization for @entity1398 . Other @entity137 were mild to moderate. The @entity1206 / @entity1259 / @entity786 regimen resulted in a high pathologic complete response rate in LABC with a good tolerance profile, and warrants further evaluation.

title: Combination of XXXX , @entity1259 , and @entity786 as neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity0 : phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['vinorelbine']


abstract: Telomeres are regions of repeated DNA sequence that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. They act as disposable safeguards to prevent the loss of important genetic information during DNA replication due to the inability of DNA polymerase to replicate DNA to the ends of linear chromosomes. The synthesis of new telomeric repeats using an RNA molecule as a template is catalyzed by the enzyme telomerase. In embryonic stem cells, the gene encoding the catalytic protein subunit of the telomerase complex ( @entity2215 [ @entity2215 ]) is transcriptionally active and critical for telomere elongation, allowing for continued cellular differentiation during development. The @entity2215 gene is down-regulated as embryogenesis progresses to limit the proliferative capacity of cells. As a result, in normal @entity1 adult somatic cells the @entity2215 gene is silenced. However, in over 90% of @entity5 , the @entity2215 gene is reactivated, allowing cells to bypass senescence and become immortalized. In this study, we explore the molecular mechanisms that regulate transcriptional expression of the @entity2215 gene. Bioinformatic analysis of the noncoding genomic regions around the @entity1 @entity2215 gene identified a @entity2215 ultra-conserved (TUC) module located 5 kb upstream of the transcription start site. This 308 bp region is over 75% conserved between distantly related @entity1 species and over 91% conserved among primate species. The cis-regulatory potential of the TUC region was tested in cell-based reporter gene assays. Transient transfections into HeLa and lung fibroblast cells demonstrated that the TUC module has transcriptional enhancer activity. Further bioinformatic analysis revealed that the TUC region is highly enriched in putative transcription factor binding sites for proteins involved during hematopoiesis, indicating that the TUC module may be an enhancer for the @entity2215 gene in specific cell lineages.

title: Characterization of an ultra-conserved putative cis-regulatory module at the XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['telomere reverse transcriptase', 'TERT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The evidence is mounting that alterations of innate immunity and gut microbiota contribute to chronic @entity409 and its complications. Modulation of intestinal microbiota is an emerging therapeutic strategy in hepatology. Probiotics through modulation of intestinal milieu have the potential to affect the course of @entity409 . The data concerning the influence of probiotics on various plasma molecules and compounds involved in the pathogenesis of hyperdynamic circulatory state in @entity1575 is still not confluent and require further evaluation. In our study twenty @entity1 with compensated and decompensated @entity1575 and ten healthy controls received probiotic VSL#3 daily for 28 days. Plasma levels of @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), @entity16364 /a ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 ), monocyte chemotactic protein-1a ( @entity2842 / @entity2842 ), @entity1 @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), @entity842 (NO), @entity2918 , @entity2871 ( @entity3448 ) and big-endothelin were measured at baseline, day 14 and 28 of probiotic administration. The incidence of hepatic @entity75 was assessed with critical flicker frequency. Changes in clinical, biochemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated. The stage of @entity1575 correlated with an increase in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity650 ) and chemotactic chemokines involved in immune cell trafficking ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 ). Probiotic administration in @entity1 with @entity1575 led to modulation of plasma levels of several molecules and compounds measured ( @entity16365 / @entity16365 , NO, big-endothelin, @entity3448 and @entity3335 ). The grade of @entity75 during the course of probiotic supplementation remained unaffected in both groups of @entity1 . VSL#3 treatment was well tolerated and safe in @entity1 with @entity409 . In @entity1 with compensated and decompensated @entity1575 , VSL#3 manipulates selected plasma molecules and compounds involved in hyperdynamic @entity1457 . Short term VSL#3 administration affects several clinical and biochemical parameters commonly altered in @entity1575 .

title: The effect of short term treatment with probiotic VSL#3 on various clinical and biochemical parameters in XXXX with @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity16364 :: ('6368', 'Gene') :: ['macrophage inflammatory protein 3']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 65-year-old @entity1 complaining of a left medial ocular angle mass and hemoptysis was admitted to our hospital. Chest radiography revealed a right hilar mass and bronchoscopy revealed widespread cancerous invasion of the carina, both main bronchi, right upper lobe bronchus, truncus intermedius, and middle lobe bronchus. Histological examination of a biopsied specimen revealed @entity4153 . Brain CT scan, abdominal CT scan, and bone scintigram showed solitary brain, multiple liver, and multiple bone @entity3 . Partial response was obtained with three courses of combined chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity2879 , and the @entity5 until it was almost invisible to the unaided eye. However, complete response could not be obtained with additional two courses of combined chemotherapy, and the @entity1 was discharged. Seven months after the first admission, he was readmitted with @entity1353 and an enlarged (6 mm in diameter) left ocular mass. Histological examination of the resected mass revealed @entity4153 that had metastasized to the conjunctival substantia propria. He died of @entity1576 one month after readmission. @entity3 to the eye from primary @entity2 is uncommon and @entity1 such as this are extremely rare. Although some cases of uveal or orbital metastasis from @entity2 have been reported, we can find no other report of conjunctival metastasis from @entity2 .

title: [Small cell lung cancer presenting as a metastatic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'a small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['conjunctival tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electrophysiologic testing is performed in @entity1 resuscitated from @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) on the assumption that sustained monomorphic @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) may be a precursor to @entity2224 , with the former amenable to assessment by serial drug testing. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the usefulness of this strategy by analyzing clinical and electrophysiologic data of 42 survivors (29 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; mean age 54 +/- 14 years) of @entity2224 without a reversible cause. All @entity1 had @entity2224 documented on ECG and required defibrillation. Underlying @entity299 included @entity301 in 28, @entity384 in 3, arrhythmogenic @entity4266 in 1, and no apparent structural @entity299 in 10 @entity1 . Only 2 (4.7%) @entity1 had a prior history of documented @entity1165 . The electrophysiologic study was performed 7 to 30 days after @entity2224 . Programmed stimulation at the right ventricular apex using at least two drive cycle lengths and up to three extrastimuli induced sustained monomorphic @entity1165 in 4 (9.5%), sustained polymorphic @entity1165 in 3 (7.1%), nonsustained monomorphic @entity1165 in 1 (2.3%), nonsustained polymorphic @entity1165 in 5 (11.9%), and @entity2224 in 13 (30.9%) @entity1 . Two @entity1 with documented prior @entity1165 and @entity301 had sustained @entity1165 induced during the electrophysiologic study. On the other hand, sustained monomorphic @entity1165 was induced in 53 of the 59 (90%) @entity1 (45 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ; mean age 57 +/- 16 years) with clinically documented @entity1165 concurrently studied using the same stimulation protocol. CONCLUSION: We conclude that reproducible induction of sustained monomorphic @entity1165 in survivors of documented @entity2224 is uncommon. It may be more cost effective to proceed directly to treatment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators in these @entity1 .

title: The value of electrophysiologic testing in XXXX resuscitated from documented @entity2224 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity842 (NO), a gaseous free radical derived from @entity534 , is a potent modulator of vascular tone and platelet functions. A number of recent studies, both in the experimental model of renal mass reduction (RMR) in @entity35 and in uremic @entity1 , have raised the hypothesis that abnormalities of NO synthetic pathway could have a key role in mediating the complex hemodynamic and @entity4461 associated to the progression of @entity8 . Thus, kidneys from @entity35 with RMR produce less NO than normal @entity35 and NO generation negatively correlates with markers of @entity8 . The abnormality is due to a strong defect of @entity1506 ( @entity1506 ) content in the kidney. Recent in vitro and in vivo data have raised the possibility that excessive renal synthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor and promitogenic peptide @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) is a major determinant for progressive @entity1506 loss in the kidney of RMR @entity35 . In contrast, @entity5507 is associated with excessive systemic NO release, both in experimental model and in @entity1 beings. In the systemic circulation of uremic @entity35 , as well as uremic @entity1 , NO is formed in excessive amounts. Possible cause of the increased NO levels is higher release from systemic vessels due to the augmented expression of both @entity1506 and endothelial NOS. A putative cause for excessive NO production in @entity5507 can be guanidinosuccinate, an uremic toxin that accumulates in the circulation of uremic @entity1 and upregulates NO synthesis from cultured endothelial cells. Upregulation of systemic NO synthesis might be a defense mechanism against @entity101 of @entity5507 . On the other hand, more NO available to circulating cells may sustain the @entity548 tendency, a well-known complication of @entity5507 .

title: @entity842 / @entity534 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1506 :: ('24599(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase', 'iNOS']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders']

answer: @entity5507 :: (MESH:D014511,Disease) :: ['uremia']


abstract: In 2009, we reported a "100-category checklist" for hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the validity and reliability of this checklist. The present study included 100 @entity1 who had been on HD for at least 5 years when they were interviewed using the checklist. Subjects were asked whether they had experienced problems in each category since starting HD treatment. Categories for which more than 25% of subjects answered "yes" were extracted as problem categories. Additionally, the @entity8 Quality of Life (KDQOL) instrument was administered to the study subjects. Content validity was evaluated using the frequency and percentage of subjects who had a problem in each category. Criterion validity was performed based on correlation of the findings from the "100-category checklist" categories with the findings of the KDQOL. Construct validity was assessed based on the number of problem categories extracted as external criteria in @entity923 ( @entity923 ), @entity417 , and @entity3528 ( @entity3528 ). For reliability evaluation, we used Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Content validity showed that 54 were identified as problem categories. Criterion validity showed that 45 categories in all components correlated significantly with each subscale of the KDQOL. Construct validity showed that @entity923 , @entity417 , and @entity3528 contributed to an increased number of problems associated with HD. Cronbach's coefficient alpha of the "100-category checklist" was 0.86. This study confirmed the validity and reliability of the "100-category checklist".

title: Validity of a checklist for hemodialysis XXXX based on the international classification of functioning, disability and health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary hyperparathyroidism', 'SHPT']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Brief noxious heat evokes more intense @entity158 in @entity1 than in @entity1 ; however, sex differences in the intensity of @entity158 sensations evoked in hairy and glabrous skins are not clearly understood. Glabrous skin putatively lacks the type of A-delta nociceptors that underlie heat-evoked sharp sensation. Therefore, we assessed whether noxious heat-evoked @entity158 qualities differed for hairy and glabrous skins and whether sex differences exist in these evoked @entity158 . We applied a prolonged (30s) ramped noxious heat stimulus to the dorsal and ventral aspects of the feet of 16 males and 16 females. Stimuli were calibrated in each subject to evoke a peak @entity158 magnitude of 50/100. Subjects provided continuous online ratings of @entity158 , annoyance, burning, sharp, stinging and cutting sensations in separate runs. The results indicate that both sex and skin type impact noxious @entity1109 . Specifically, ratings of sharp sensations and annoyance evoked in hairy skin were significantly more intense in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Sharp, stinging and cutting sensations were evoked in glabrous skin, but the magnitude of these sensations was greater in hairy skin than glabrous skin; an effect only in females. Also, there was no sex difference in sharp sensation and annoyance in glabrous skin. These findings suggest that sharp sensations are evoked more prominently in hairy than in glabrous skin of @entity1 and that sharp sensations and annoyance play a prominent role in mediating aspects of @entity158 -evoked from hairy skin in @entity1 .

title: Noxious heat evokes stronger sharp and annoying sensations in XXXX than @entity1 in hairy skin but not in glabrous skin.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['heat-evoked sensations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Out of 400 surgical specimens besides the histological and histochemical tests the content of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was determined using biochemical methods. There were involved different kinds of @entity5 ( @entity0 and their metastases, mammary fibroadenom, sarcomata of different origin, @entity320 ) as well as gynaecomastia and @entity3923 . As the results demonstrate, growing @entity5 are characterized by an elevated content of GAG compared to their tissue of origin. The mean GAG-content of the kinds of @entity5 investigated can vary by the factor 5. The highest mean GAG-content was found in sarcomata followed by mammary fibroadenomata and carcinomata of the breast. Additionally to their different GAG-content the different @entity5 and pathological changes as @entity3923 are characterized by their different qualitative and quantitative composition of their GAG-components visualized by chromatographic and electrophoretic separation technique. As the evaluation of the electrophoretic results shows, there are existing GAG-electropherogram-patterns which are characteristically for a kind of @entity5 but not specifically. The usefulness of GAG-electropherogram-patterns is demonstrated. They enables us for example to differentiate between @entity0 and chronic @entity82 . Therefore it is suggested to take the ground substance and the GAG as an essential part of it more into consideration for the histological findings of @entity5 .

title: [Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and GAG electropherogram pattern of XXXX and chronic @entity82 ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous mastopathy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3923 :: ('MESH:D005348', 'Disease') :: ['mastopathy']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumors']


abstract: This retrospective review of 85 @entity1 presents the prognostic factors and disease outcome for localized @entity1352 treated with conservation surgery and radiotherapy. @entity5 were located in the lower extremity (48), upper extremity (20), trunk (11), and head and neck (6). All @entity1 were treated with limited excision and radiotherapy. Sixty-seven @entity1 had surgery followed by radiation and 18 had preoperative radiation. Postoperative radiation was delivered to a mean dose of 62 Gy, whereas the mean dose for preoperative radiation was 50 Gy. Thirty-five @entity1 , mostly with @entity5 exceeding 5 cm, received adjuvant @entity632 -based chemotherapy (median @entity632 dose 406 mg/m2). At a median follow-up of 8.4 years the 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 76%, 63%, and 57%. Mortality was almost entirely due to metastatic relapse. @entity3 developed in 36 @entity1 yielding an actuarial 10-year metastatic rate of 48%. In multivariate analysis, @entity5 size was the dominant determinant of @entity3 with a lesser contribution due to @entity1 age (those < or = 20 years having fewer @entity3 ). @entity5 site and histology were not independently significant. Ten-year metastatic rates according to @entity5 size, s, were s < or = 2 cm, 0%; 2 < s < or = 5 cm, 35%; 5 < s < or = 10 cm, 59%; 10 cm < s, 100%. Our retrospective data failed to reveal benefits for adjuvant chemotherapy either in univariate or multivariate analysis. Eight @entity1 (9%) had local recurrence as the initial failure and 4 others had local failure after disease appeared elsewhere, yielding a 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate of 14%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX outcome following conservation surgery and radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity1352 :: (MESH:D013584,Disease) :: ['Synovial sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is rare. Comparison with adult @entity14 , management, and outcomes may identify opportunities for improvement in pediatric @entity14 care. STUDY DESIGN: @entity14 @entity1 in the National @entity5 Data Base from 1998 to 2011, were grouped into Pediatric ( <=21years), early onset adult (22-50) and older adult (>50) @entity1 . Groups were compared with   (2) and survival analysis. RESULTS: A total of 918 pediatric (Ped), 157,779 early onset adult (EA), and 1,304,085 @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) were identified (p<0.01 for all comparisons). @entity1  <=50 presented more frequently with stage 3 and 4 disease (Ped: 62.0%, EA: 49.7%, @entity4479 : 37.3%) and @entity5 (Ped: 23.6%, EA: 27.5%, @entity4479 : 19.2%). Pediatric histology was more likely signet ring, mucinous, and poorly differentiated. Initial treatment was usually surgery, but @entity1  <=50 were more likely to have radiation (Ped: 15.1%, EA: 18.6%, and @entity4479 : 9.2%) and chemotherapy (Ped: 42.0%, EA: 38.2%, and @entity4479 : 22.7%). @entity1 and @entity4479 showed poorer overall survival at 5years when compared to early onset adults. Adjusting for covariates, age  <=21 was a significant predictor of mortality for colon and rectal cancers (colon HR: 1.22, rectal HR: 1.69). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest cohort of pediatric @entity14 @entity1 , revealing more @entity146 histology and behavior in @entity1 , particularly in @entity5 . Despite standard oncologic treatment, age  <=21 was a significant predictor of mortality. This is likely owing to worse @entity5 biology rather than treatment disparities and may signal the need for different therapeutic strategies.

title: @entity14 in pediatric @entity1 : A comparison with XXXX , treatment and outcomes from the National @entity5 Database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'older adults']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'CRC tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['adult tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The occurrence of @entity253 or @entity1157 in liver transplant recipients with @entity99 has been well documented. This study was done to determine the prevalence and @entity253 in liver transplant recipients with @entity99 and to determine if such complications occur with increased frequency compared with transplant recipients with patent hepatic arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population consisted of 33 @entity1 (17 male, 16 female; 1-65 years old) with angiographically proven significant @entity99 after liver transplantation. All @entity1 had T-tube or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography performed within 4 months of hepatic arteriography. A retrospective review of radiographs was done to determine the prevalence and appearance of biliary complications in the study group compared with a control group of 58 @entity1 with angiographically patent hepatic arteries who had liver transplants during the same period. RESULTS: Biliary complications were significantly more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity99 , with 22 (67%) showing cholangiographic abnormal findings compared with 16 (28%) in the control group (p = .001). The most significant abnormalities in @entity1 with @entity2791 were @entity253 seen in 16 (49%), compared with 13 (22%) in the control group (p = .04). Other findings (intraductal filling defects, @entity253 , and anastomotic @entity1157 ) showed no statistically significant difference between the study and control groups. CONCLUSION: Biliary complications are significantly more prevalent in liver transplant recipients with @entity99 . The most common complication seen on cholangiography was @entity253 .

title: XXXX in liver transplant recipients: prevalence and cholangiographic appearance of associated biliary complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct necrosis', 'bile leak']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiographic appearance of biliary complications', 'anastomotic biliary stricture', 'nonanastomotic biliary strictures', 'biliary strictures', 'nonanastomotic biliary stricture']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery stenosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['Hepatic artery stenosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sinonasal @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) is known for high rate of associated @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to identify @entity419 PET/CT findings of sinonasal IPs. We also tried to compare the PET/CT findings with the MR imaging findings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed PET/CT and MR images of eight @entity1 with sinonasal @entity1179 with (n = 6) or without (n = 2) coexistent @entity957 ( @entity957 ). Particular attention was paid to correlate the PET/CT findings with the MR imaging findings in terms of area distribution of standard uptake values (SUVs) and a convoluted cerebriform pattern (CCP). RESULTS: In two benign IPs, the maximum SUVs measured 8.2 and 7.8, respectively (mean, 8.0). In both @entity5 , MR images demonstrated a diffuse CCP. In six IPs with coexistent @entity957 , the maximum SUVs ranged from 13.3 to 31.9 (mean +/- SD, 20.2 +/- 6.6). In these @entity5 , MR images demonstrated a diffuse CCP in two, a partial CCP in three, and no CCP in one. A wide discrepancy was noted between MR imaging and PET/CT in terms of area distribution of a CCP and SUVs. CONCLUSION: In sinonasal lesions with MR imaging features of @entity1179 , @entity419 PET/CT demonstrating avid FDG uptake does not necessarily imply the presence of coexistent @entity5 . In our small series, although IPs containing foci of @entity957 had consistently higher SUVs than IPs without @entity957 , the limited literature on this subject suggests that PET cannot be used reliably to make the distinction.

title: @entity419 PET/CT findings of sinonasal @entity1179 with or without coexistent XXXX : comparison with MR imaging findings in eight @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of a number of angiogenic factors such as @entity7 , @entity9961 , @entity7790 and apoptosis in an attempt to relate these biological markers to TNM staging, lymph-node status and prognosis. Angiogenic factors and apoptosis were studied immunohistochemically in 72 @entity356 cases. The search for micrometastases was performed with an immunohistochemical technique in 20 NO cases. Apoptosis determination was assessed with the TUNEL assay. The chi2 test according to Pearson was used for statistical analysis. The apoptotic index was related to both stage and prognosis: high expression cases showed an earlier stage (p < 0.02) and a better prognosis (p < 0.05). The determination of high neovessel density was related to poorer 5-year survival (p < 0.05). Only the expression of @entity9961 correlated inversely with prognosis (p < 0.05). The presence of micrometastases was unrelated to any of the biological markers studied. Our results partly confirm those reported in the literature. The present study revealed a number of biological markers that may be helpful for identifying particular subgroups of @entity1 . More investigation with similar techniques in large prospective series is needed as a support to clinical practice.

title: [Angiogenic factors and their relation to stage, lymph-node micrometastases and prognosis in XXXX operated on for @entity356 ].

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To compare the effectiveness and safety of @entity968 with and without electrolytes (EL) over a 12 week period in treatment of chronic @entity1142 in paediatrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an observational, prospective, longitudinal, parallel group study, including 62 @entity1 with chronic @entity1142 according to @entity3354 and a history of @entity3355 . The @entity1 were divided into groups, one group of 30 received @entity968 without EL ( @entity970 ) and 32 @entity970 with EL ( @entity970 +EL) for at least 12 weeks. The main outcomes were the number of bowel movements at 6 and 12 weeks, and the presence of electrolyte disturbances at 6 weeks. RESULTS: The mean weekly stool frequencies were similar in both groups at 6 and 12 weeks, with 5.4 and 4.6 stools per week in the @entity970 +EL and @entity970 groups, respectively at 12 weeks. After 6 weeks of treatment, 83% (25 of 30) of the @entity970 group had at least one electrolyte disturbance compared with 56% (18 of 32) in the @entity970 +EL group (P=.02). Hyponatraemia was found in 15% (5 of 32) vs. 36% (11 of 30) of @entity970 +EL and @entity970 groups, respectively (P=.05). None of the @entity854 were clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity970 formulations with or without EL have a quite similar effectiveness, safety and acceptability. @entity970 without EL produced more electrolyte abnormalities, but none of them were symptomatic.

title: [Comparison of the effectiveness and safety of XXXX with and without electrolytes in the treatment of chronic @entity1142 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3355 :: ('MESH:D014095', 'Disease') :: ['faecal impaction']

entities_list: @entity3354 :: ('MESH:C565336', 'Disease') :: ['ROME III criteria']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: @entity734 ( @entity734 ) are commonly used for @entity453 and @entity1 with @entity734 require antiplatelet therapy because of the risk of late stent @entity715 . Accordingly problems can occur in the perioperative period due to late @entity715 of a stent after discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy before surgery. A 64-year-old @entity1 was diagnosed as having a right @entity703 (T1aN0M0) and his performance status was 4. Three years earlier, a @entity734 had been placed in a coronary artery and he was taking @entity117 plus @entity1396 . These drugs were stopped at 7 days before surgery and we started heparin (15,000 U/day). Heparin was continued during and after radical nephrectomy. Although operative @entity190 was only 178 ml, the amount of @entity548 within 5 hours after surgery was 1,620 ml. The wound was re-opened, but there was no obvious @entity548 source, so oozing from the muscle was controlled. His blood pressure dropped and @entity1167 occurred at 22 hours after re-operation, but he was resuscitated with blood transfusion and the @entity548 stopped after the dose of heparin was reduced. Three days after the operation, antiplatelet therapy was re-started and heparin was ceased at 10 days after surgery. The blood clot in the right retroperitoneal space formed an abscess at 28 days after radical nephrectomy. After drainage, the retroperitoneal space was washed twice a day for about 40 days. The wound healed, and he currently has no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 and has no cardiac sequelae.

title: [A case of complicated perioperative management of radical nephrectomy in a XXXX with a drug-eluting stent].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['DES', 'Drug-eluting stents']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Not all @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ) benefit from concurrent @entity900 -based chemoradiation, but reliable predictive markers for outcome after chemoradiation are scarce. We have investigated potential prognostic biomarkers for outcome in a large group of @entity1 . Ninety-one @entity5 biopsies taken from consecutive @entity213 @entity1 were evaluated for protein expression on a tissue microarray. Using immunohistochemistry, 18 biomarkers, involved in various cellular pathways were investigated. Univariable and multivariable proportional hazard analyses were performed to investigate associations between each individual marker and outcome. In addition, the global test was used to test all variables simultaneously and selected combinations of markers for an overall association with local control. Univariable analysis showed statistically significant increased relative risks of @entity995 , @entity986 and @entity7737 for local control and @entity1262 and @entity7738 for overall survival. @entity7737 , @entity1262 and @entity986 levels were positively associated with outcome whereas @entity995 and @entity7738 had a negative relationship. Using Goeman's global testing no combination of markers was identified that was associated with local control. Grouping the markers according to their function revealed an association between a combination of 3 markers ( @entity986 , @entity3544 and @entity5438 ) and outcome (p = 0.05) was found. In the multivariable analysis, @entity7737 and @entity995 remained significant independent predictive markers for local control. This study describes the prognostic value of biomarkers for the outcome in @entity1 uniformly treated with concurrent chemoradiation. @entity7737 and @entity995 were found to be associated with outcome in @entity1 treated with concurrent chemoradiation.

title: Molecular markers predict outcome in XXXX of the @entity135 after concomitant @entity900 -based chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Many positional therapy (PT) strategies are available for treating @entity27 ( @entity27 ). PT is primarily supplied to selected @entity1 as a secondary treatment option when other therapies have failed. To our knowledge this is the largest study to date to assess effectiveness and long-term compliance of PT (both commercial waistband and self-made constructions, mimicking the tennis ball technique) as primary treatment in @entity1 with different positional @entity27 severities. METHODS: PT was used by 53 @entity1 , of which 40 @entity1 underwent a follow-up polygraphic evaluation under treatment after a median time interval of 12 weeks. @entity1 were routinely contacted regarding their clinical status and treatment compliance. RESULTS: PT was successful in 27 out of 40 @entity1 (68%). Overall AHI reduced significantly from a median (interquartile range [IQR]) AHI of 14.5 (10.7-19.6) to 5.9 (3.1-8.5), p < 0.001. The commercial waistband and self-made constructions were equally effective (median (IQR) reduction in overall AHI (  9.6 (5.5-11.9) and   6.8 (3.2-11.3) respectively), p = 0.22). Short-term compliance was good as most @entity1 used PT more than 7 hours/night (mean 7.2    SD 1.4) and more than 6 days/ week (mean 6.5    SD 1.3). However, after mean 13  5 months, 26 @entity1 (65%) reported they no longer used PT, especially @entity1 with moderate positional @entity27 (89%). CONCLUSIONS: On the short-term, PT using the tennis ball technique, is an easy method to treat most @entity1 with positional @entity27 , showing significant reductions in AHI. Unfortunately, long-term compliance is low and close follow-up of @entity1 on PT with regard to their compliance is necessary.

title: Usage of positional therapy in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'positional obstructive sleep apnea']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several devices have been developed to create an antireflux barrier endoscopically for the treatment of @entity354 . All have failed to provide long-term symptom relief, were associated with clinically important complications, or were otherwise removed from the market. A new device, the Esophyx (Endogastric Solutions, Redmond, WA), provides the closest approximation experimentally to a standard Belsy fundoplication. This report describes an initial experience with this device. METHODS: @entity1 considered candidates for endoscopic fundoplication include those with symptomatic @entity354 , a small (<2 cm) @entity357 , objective pathologic evidence of @entity354 , and an absence of other @entity4423 . The procedure was conducted under general anesthesia with a surgeon operating the device and an endoscopist operating the gastroscope. H-fasteners were placed from the esophagus to the @entity356 with the goal of creating an approximately 270-300   fundoplication approximately 3-4 cm in length. Symptom severity was measured with the GERD-HRQL instrument (best possible score 0, worst possible score 50). The @entity1 were followed-up for complications and symptom improvement. RESULTS: In all, 26 @entity1 underwent an attempted endoscopic fundoplication. Two @entity1 could not be completed because of the inability to pass the device. Of the 24 @entity1 who underwent endoscopic fundoplication, 20 had the typical symptoms of @entity354 , 4 had symptoms of @entity8823 , and 4 had recurrent symptoms after a Nissen fundoplication. There was 1 major complication of a gastric mucosal tear that led to bleeding and the need for a blood transfusion. Nineteen (79%) @entity1 reported satisfaction with their symptom relief. Of those dissatisfied, 2 had symptoms of @entity8823 , 1 had functional heartburn, 1 had associated @entity7623 , and 1 had clear failure with @entity354 . The median GERD-HRQL score improved from 25 (interquartile range, 19.5-28.5) to 5 (interquartile range, 3-9; P = .0004). CONCLUSION: Endoscopic fundoplication with the Esophyx device is feasible with satisfactory initial results. Endoscopic fundoplication seems to be best suited for @entity1 with @entity357 and mild-to-moderate typical symptoms; however, subsequent trials are needed to assess the long-term effectiveness of the technique.

title: Endoscopic, endoluminal fundoplication for XXXX : initial experience and lessons learned.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['small hiatal hernias', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity8823 :: ('MESH:D057045', 'Disease') :: ['laryngopharyngeal reflux']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Few case series are reported on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of pelvic abscesses under fluoroscopy guidance. We hypothesized that EUS-guided drainage of pelvic abscesses without fluoroscopy is an effective alternative to surgery in @entity1 whose abscesses are not amenable to percutaneous drainage techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of EUS-guided trans-rectal/transcolonic drainage of @entity530 without fluoroscopy. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 with pelvic abscesses not amenable to percutaneous drainage underwent EUS-guided drainage over a period of 22 months. Main outcome measures were the resolution of the @entity530 on repeat imaging and improved clinical symptoms. RESULTS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 were enrolled. EUS-guided aspiration was performed in three @entity1 . In two @entity1 , dilatation and aspiration was performed, while trans-rectal stent was placed in nine @entity1 . All @entity1 became afebrile within 72 h. Stent was removed in all @entity1 , after confirming the resolution of the @entity733 on repeat computed tomography after 7 days. One @entity1 in whom only aspiration was done had recurrence of @entity221 and @entity733 on the seventh day and was treated by surgical drainage. A follow-up EUS done in 13 of the @entity1 after 3 months revealed no recurrence, and all @entity1 were asymptomatic at 6 months. The procedure was uneventful in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage without fluoroscopy is a safe and effective modality of treatment for pelvic abscesses not amenable to radiologically guided drainage, thus reducing the need for surgical intervention.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of XXXX without fluoroscopy guidance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic abscess']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have investigated the possibility that specific mutations may be related to specific clinicopathological features. However, most previous investigations included only an average age (40-80 years) group of sporadic @entity14 and, moreover, studied only a single gene in isolation. Therefore, the influence of age on these mutation frequencies remains unclear, despite age being considered a risk factor for genetic mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 122 sporadic @entity14 from three different age groups and analyzed mutation frequencies of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ), @entity984 , and @entity876 genes and microsatellite instability to determine their mutation frequencies and relationships with clinicopathological features. RESULTS: Significantly lower @entity876 mutation frequencies were observed among young (32 years old or younger) and old (86 years old or older) @entity1 groups compared with an average age (39-85 years old) @entity1 group (14.3% and 19.2% versus 51.5%, P<0.001). @entity1412 mutation frequency (11.8%) was significantly lower in highly aggressive (Dukes' stage D) @entity5 ( P=0.003) than in the other stage @entity5 (Dukes' stage A, B, and C). Additionally, simultaneous occurrence of all three genetic alterations in an individual @entity5 was rare (below 5%). Statistical analysis further confirmed that mutation number in Dukes' D @entity5 occurred less frequently than expected in other stage @entity5 ( P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Genetic alterations of sporadic @entity14 have different relationships with age or @entity5 stage. Additionally, most sporadic @entity14 do not necessarily require following the widely accepted genetic model, because the three key genetic mutations, @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 , rarely occur simultaneously.

title: Influence of age on @entity1412 and XXXX mutation frequency in sporadic @entity14 -rarity of co-occurrence of mutations in @entity1412 , @entity984 , and @entity876 genes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: @entity2227 delta-1 receptors ( @entity7335 ) are expressed in the adult hippocampus and inner ear and have recently been shown to be important for high-frequency hearing. Similar to the closest homolog @entity2227 delta-2 receptor ( @entity7336 ), no agonist-induced currents are observed from @entity7335 receptors. In an effort to understand the function of the @entity7335 subunit, we probed the conserved transmembrane 3 (TM3) region of the @entity7335 subunit, where the @entity7336 lurcher mutation is localized. Four mutations in the TM3 domain @entity7337 , @entity7338 , @entity7339 , and @entity7340 resulted in spontaneously open @entity7335 channels suggesting that @entity7335 receptors can form homomeric receptors. The leak currents were partially blocked by @entity7341 but showed negligible inhibition by @entity7342 . It has been demonstrated that extracellular @entity141 binds and stabilizes the ligand binding domain (LBD) dimer interface leading to potentiation of currents through @entity7336 (Lc) channels. We found that extracellular @entity141 potentiated the spontaneous currents through @entity7335 F655A suggesting that extracellular @entity141 may interact with the conserved residues at @entity7335 LBD dimer interface. A recent study suggested that @entity7343 and @entity2228 bind to the @entity7336 LBD and reduce spontaneous currents through the @entity7336 (Lc) channels. @entity7343 and @entity2228 produced only a modest reduction of spontaneous currents through GluR  1F655A and had no effect on the spontaneous current through @entity7335 L652A. However, spontaneous currents in a chimeric @entity7335 -  2(Lc) were robustly inhibited by @entity7343 . These results suggest that the activation gate is conserved in @entity7335 receptors. Moreover, the conformational changes induced by @entity7343 and extracellular @entity141 are conserved among @entity7335 and @entity7336 receptors.

title: Mutations in the transmembrane domain M3 generate spontaneously open orphan XXXX   1 receptor.

entities_list: @entity7343 :: ('CHEBI:16523', 'Chemical') :: ['d-serine', 'd-Serine']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity7341 :: ('MESH:D010419', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamidine']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']