abstract: @entity14534 is an oral, reversible direct @entity556 inhibitor that is approved in the EU and several other countries for the prevention of @entity1211 after elective hip and knee replacement, and is in advanced clinical development for other @entity1031 . @entity3926 has a predictable pharmacokinetic profile, allowing for a fixed-dose regimen without the need for routine coagulation monitoring. In certain clinical situations such as serious @entity548 into critical organs (e.g. @entity1779 ), potential @entity1445 and emergency surgery, clinicians will need to make an assessment of the anticoagulant status of a @entity1 receiving @entity3926 before deciding on future management strategies. If available, @entity556 clotting time (TT), ecarin clotting time (ECT) and TT determined by Hemoclot @entity556 inhibitor assay are sensitive tests to evaluate the anticoagulant effects of @entity3926 . Prothrombin time (INR) is less sensitive than other assays and cannot be recommended. The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) can provide a useful qualitative assessment of anticoagulant activity but is less sensitive at supratherapeutic @entity3926 levels. There are limited data for activated clotting time (ACT). Overall, the aPTT and TT are the most accessible qualitative methods for determining the presence or absence of anticoagulant effect. Although there is no specific antidote to antagonise the anticoagulant effect of @entity3926 , due to its short duration of effect drug discontinuation is usually sufficient to reverse any excessive anticoagulant activity. In case of potential @entity1445 , the feasibility of early administration of activated charcoal and subsequent charcoal filtration are undergoing preclinical evaluation. @entity3926 can also be dialysed in @entity1 with @entity8 . In instances of life-threatening @entity548 , where conventional measures have failed or are unavailable, other non-specific prohaemostatic agents such as recombinant activated factor VII and prothrombin complex concentrates can be considered.

title: @entity14534 --a novel, reversible, oral direct XXXX inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity14534 :: ('MESH:C453962', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran etexilate']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral bleeding']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: To prevent drug accumulation and adverse effects the dose of hydrophilic @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, e.g. @entity3593 , must be reduced in @entity1 with @entity177 . To obtain a rational basis for dose recommendations, we undertook a prospective clinical trial. After 15 days of @entity3593 treatment pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were determined in @entity1 with @entity177 (n = 8; endogenous @entity1011 clearance [CLCR]: 18 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2) and in healthy subjects with normal renal function (n = 16; CLCR: 107 ml.min-1.1.73 m-2). The volunteers received 10 mg @entity3593 once daily, the daily dose in @entity1 (1.1-2.2 mg) was adjusted to the individual CLCR according to the method of Dettli [13]. After 15 days of @entity3593 treatment the mean maximal serum concentration (Cmax) in @entity1 was lower than in volunteers (30.7 vs 40.7 ng.ml-1, while the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-24 h) was higher (525 vs 473 ng.h-1.ml-1). @entity1289 activity on day 15 was almost completely inhibited in both groups. Plasma @entity916 activity, @entity2178 and @entity2178 levels documented marked inhibition of converting enzyme in volunteers and @entity1 . Furthermore, average mean arterial blood pressure in @entity1 decreased by 5 mmHg and @entity644 from 3.9-2.7 g per 24 h after 15 days of treatment with the reduced dose of @entity3593 . Adjustment of the dose of @entity3593 prevents significant accumulation of the drug in @entity1 with @entity177 during chronic therapy. Mean serum levels did not exceed this in subjects with normal renal function receiving a standard dose.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX in @entity177 . Consequence of dose adjustment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin I', 'angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity3593 :: (MESH:D017706,Chemical) :: ['lisinopril']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is an effective intervention to reduce plantar pressure in @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 . The walls of the @entity6029 have been indirectly shown to bear approximately 30  % of the plantar load. A new direct method to measure inside the @entity6029 walls with capacitance sensors has shown that the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg bear the highest load. The objective of this study was to directly measure these two regions in @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 to further understand the mechanism of pressure reduction in the @entity6029 . METHODS: A @entity6029 was applied to 17 @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 . @entity6029 wall load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) at the anterodistal and posterolateral-distal regions of the lower leg were evaluated with two capacitance sensor strips measuring 90 cm(2) (pliance  , novel GmbH, Germany). Plantar load (contact area, peak pressure and max force) was measured with a capacitance sensor insole (pedar  , novel GmbH, Germany) placed inside the @entity6029 . Both pedar   and pliance   collected data simultaneously at a sampling rate of 50Hz synchronised to heel strike. The magnitude of @entity6029 wall load as a proportion of plantar load was calculated. The @entity6029 walls were then removed to determine the differences in plantar loading between the @entity6029 and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of interest). RESULTS: @entity6029 wall load was substantial. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 48  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 34  % of plantar contact area. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 28  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 12  % of plantar peak pressure. The anterodistal lower leg recorded 12  % and the posterolateral-distal lower leg recorded 4  % of plantar max force. There were significant differences in plantar load between the @entity6029 and the cut down shoe-cast for the whole foot, rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot (region of @entity1066 ). Contact area significantly increased by 5  % beneath the whole foot, 8  % at the midfoot and 6  % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (p   <   0.05). Peak pressure significantly increased by 8  % beneath the midfoot and 13  % at the forefoot in the shoe-cast (p   <   0.05). Max force significantly increased 6  % beneath the midfoot in the (shoe-cast p   <   0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity6 and a plantar forefoot @entity1066 , the walls of the @entity6029 bear considerable load. @entity146 area in the @entity6029 compared to the shoe-cast suggests that the foot is suspended by the considerable load bearing capacity of the walls of the @entity6029 which contributes mechanically to the pressure reduction and redistribution properties of the @entity6029 .

title: Total contact cast wall load in @entity1 with a plantar forefoot @entity1066 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Reduced plantar contact']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['total contact cast', 'TCC']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the analgesic efficacy of @entity12802 and compare it with that of @entity12803 in @entity1 undergoing extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for @entity1290 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out in a randomized, double-blind fashion and involved 60 @entity1 (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II) undergoing ESWL who were divided into three groups. @entity1 in the placebo group (n = 20) received saline and those in the @entity12802 group (n = 20) received @entity12802 8 mg intravenously 60 min before the procedure. In the @entity12803 group, @entity1 (n = 20) received @entity12803 20 mg intravenously at the same time point. All @entity1 were started on @entity1 -controlled i.v. @entity6882 analgesia during the procedure. The effectiveness was assessed by using a visual analog scale (VAS) and by calculating the total analgesic consumption of @entity6882 during the procedure. Arterial blood pressure, @entity26 saturation, and respiratory rate were recorded throughout the procedure; @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity2146 , and @entity1576 were assessed. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 in the placebo group, @entity1 in the @entity12802 and @entity12803 groups received smaller doses of @entity6882 at all time points (p < 0.05). After 30, 45, and 60 min of ESWL, @entity1 in the @entity12802 group required significantly smaller doses of @entity6882 than those in the @entity12803 group (p < 0.05). @entity1 in the placebo group showed higher VAS scores than those in the @entity12802 and @entity12803 groups at 15, 30 and 60 min. The VAS score in the @entity12802 group was lower than that in the @entity12803 group at 15, 30, and 45 min, but the difference between the groups was statistically significant only @entity12804 , respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing ESWL the i.v. administration of a single dose of 8 mg @entity12802 provides significantly better @entity158 control compared with @entity12803 20 mg and placebo, without increasing adverse side-effects.

title: @entity12802 in extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy; comparison with XXXX and placebo in terms of analgesic consumption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12802 :: ('MESH:C059451', 'Chemical') :: ['lornoxicam']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity12803 :: ('MESH:C032801', 'Chemical') :: ['tenoxicam']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

answer: @entity12803 :: (MESH:C032801,Chemical) :: ['tenoxicam']


abstract: It has been shown previously that the laticifer fluid of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. is highly toxic to the egg hatching and larval development of @entity4224 L. In the present study, the larvicidal potential of other laticifer fluids obtained from Cryptostegia grandiflora R.Br., Plumeria rubra L. and Euphorbia tirucalli L. was evaluated. We attempted to correlate larvicidal activity with the presence of endogenous proteolytic activity in the protein fraction of the fluids. After collection, the fluids were processed by centrifugation and dialysis to obtain the soluble laticifer protein (LP) fractions and eliminate water insoluble and low molecular mass molecules. LP did not visibly affect egg hatching at the doses assayed. LP from Cr. grandiflora exhibited the highest larval @entity137 , while P. rubra was almost inactive. E. tirucalli was slightly active, but its activity could not be correlated to proteins since no protein was detected in the fluid. The larvicidal effects of LP from C. procera and Cr. grandiflora showed a significant relationship with the proteolytic activity of @entity462 proteinases, which are present in both materials. A purified @entity462 proteinase (papain) from the latex of @entity2732 (obtained from Sigma) was similarly effective, whereas trypsin and chymotrypsin (both @entity563 proteinases) were ineffective. The results provide evidence for the involvement of @entity462 proteinase activity in the larvicidal action of some laticifer fluids. C. procera is an invasive species found in areas infested with Ae. aegypti and thus could prove useful for combating mosquito proliferation. This is the first report to present evidence for the use of proteolytic enzymes as chemical agents to destroy Ae. aegypti larvae.

title: Potential of laticifer fluids for inhibiting XXXX larval development: evidence for the involvement of proteolytic activity.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2732 :: ('3649', 'Species') :: ['Carica papaya']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypertonic saline therapy is often used in critically ill @entity510 ( @entity510 ) @entity1 for indications ranging from control of intracranial @entity101 to managing symptomatic @entity2753 . The risk factors for developing @entity810 (AKI) in this @entity1 population are not well defined. SPECIFIC AIM: To study the role of serum @entity1372 in developing AKI (based on the AKIN definition) in the @entity510 population admitted to a large academic neurocritical care unit. METHODS: This is an IRB-approved, retrospective cohort study of @entity1 admitted to a tertiary neuro intensive care unit. We included adult (age >= 18  years) @entity510 @entity1 admitted to the neuro intensive care unit for at least 72  h. Development of AKI after admission to the ICU was defined using the AKIN serum @entity1011 criteria between 72  h and 14  days following admission. A Cox proportional hazards survival model with multiple time varying covariates was developed to evaluate the effect of maximum @entity1372 exposure on the risk of AKI. @entity1372 exposure was captured as the running maximum of daily maximum serum @entity1372 concentration (mEq/L). @entity1372 exposure was used as a surrogate for hypertonic saline therapy. RESULTS: The final cohort of @entity1 included 736 @entity1 admitted to the neuro intensive care unit between 2006 and 2012. The number of @entity1 who developed AKI was 64 (9  %). These @entity1 had an increased length of stay (15.6      9.4 vs. 12.5      8.7  days). The odds of @entity204 were more than two fold greater among @entity1 who developed AKI (odds ratio 2.33 95  % CI 1.27, 4.3). @entity1372 exposure was significantly associated with the hazard of developing AKI, adjusting for age, sex, preexisting @entity8 , @entity6 , radiocontrast exposure, number of days on mechanical ventilation, and admission Glasgow @entity772 Scale score. For each 1  mEq/L increase in the running maximum daily serum @entity1372 , the hazard of developing AKI was increased by 5.4  % (95  % CI 1.4, 9.7). CONCLUSION: The maximum daily @entity1372 is a significant risk factor for developing AKI in @entity1 with @entity510 .

title: Hypernatremia is a Significant Risk Factor for @entity810 After XXXX : A Retrospective Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1372 :: ('MESH:D012964', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium', 'sodium']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['Subarachnoid Hemorrhage']


abstract: There is increasing evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of Interferon-alpha ( @entity3027 ) in @entity5 . However, the antitumor mechanisms of @entity3027 are not known. Using two examples, @entity5734 ( @entity5734 ) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ), it is shown that the requirements for successful @entity3027 therapy of @entity5734 and @entity1358 are different. In @entity5734 low doses of @entity3027 are sufficient to treat the disease. The reduction of hairy cells in peripheral blood is detectable within the first week of treatment. The endogenous @entity3027 production in these @entity1 is impaired as demonstrated by the lack of @entity3027 induction and by low levels of 2-5 oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A possible reason for deficient endogenous @entity3027 production is the lack of monocytes in @entity5734 @entity1 . It is likely that therapy with low doses of @entity3027 substitutes for the endogenous @entity3027 deficiency. In @entity1358 comparatively high doses of @entity3027 are necessary for a clinical response. There may be differences between the effectiveness of natural and recombinant alpha interferons. High doses given within a week seem to be more important than high single doses, which therefore suggests the need of daily treatment. Responses of @entity1358 to @entity3027 therapy are usually seen several months after the beginning of therapy. These differences in the effectiveness of @entity3027 therapy for @entity5734 and @entity1358 suggest that @entity3027 acts differently in the treatment of each disease.

title: Different antitumor mechanisms of interferon-alpha in the treatment of @entity5734 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy Cell leukemia', 'HCL']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: @entity1696 resulting from obstruction of the renal arteries to both Kidneys or to a solitary kidney is unusual. The tolerance of the kidney to this @entity63 is largely dependent upon the presence of collaterals, stimulated by pre-existing @entity455 . Our experience with six @entity1 with @entity1696 caused by @entity432 supports the role of revascularization in the recovery of significant renal function. Four of these @entity1 had @entity101 , @entity8 , and the existence of collateral circulation to an @entity63 kidney, prior to occlusion, while two @entity1 had normal renal function (serum @entity1011 = 0.5 and 0.9 mg/dl) before occlusion. The intervals of @entity1696 for the two previously normal kidneys were six hours and five days, and 2 to 14 days in the four @entity1 with @entity455 . Isotope scanning suggested @entity432 in two @entity1 , but arteriograms confirmed the diagnosis in all six. @entity1129 restored blood flow through the two previously normal renal arteries. Grafts from the aorta or celiax axis were used for three @entity1 and the splenic artery was used for the sixth @entity1 . Urine flow began during or soon after operation in all @entity1 . Dialysis was necessary for 30 and 45 days in the two @entity1 with normal kidneys, but in only one of the four @entity1 with previous disease (for ten days). Serum @entity1011 decreased to <2.0 mg/dl after operation, except in the @entity1 with a solitary kidney, who five years later has a @entity1011 of 3 mg/dl. All four @entity1 with previous @entity455 died from @entity712 within 1 to 30 months after operation. Therefore, @entity1696 of acute onset should be evaluated by renal scan and arteriogram to detect those @entity1 with proximal @entity432 in preparation for revascularization.

title: Successful surgical treatment of @entity1696 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1696 :: ('MESH:D001002', 'Disease') :: ['anuria', 'Anuria']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A thrombectomy']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['renal artery occlusion']


abstract: @entity968 (Klean-Prep, @entity10456 ) is widely used for bowel cleansing in the United Kingdom. This study compares the efficacy, acceptability and adverse effects of a @entity968 ( @entity970 ) solution with @entity10457 (Fleet Phospho-soda, De Witt) for bowel preparation prior to colonoscopy. Two hundred and nine consecutive @entity1 were prospectively randomised to either @entity970 or @entity10457 (SP) preparation. The endoscopist was blinded to the randomisation process. Fifty @entity1 were excluded from the study because of previous colectomies or incomplete data. Of the remaining 159 @entity1 , 88 had been randomised to the @entity970 group and 71 to the SP group. There was no difference in sex distribution between the groups. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of @entity1 acceptability, side effects ( @entity390 / @entity391 and abdominal cramps), adequacy of bowel preparation and colonoscopy completion rates. 74% of the @entity970 and 70.4% of the SP group were rated by the endoscopist as having good or excellent bowel preparation. @entity10457 is well tolerated without additional side effects when compared with @entity970 solution. Both solutions were found to be equally effective in bowel cleansing.

title: A prospective randomised study comparing XXXX and @entity10457 bowel cleansing solutions for colonoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate', 'Sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene glycol', 'polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity968 :: (MESH:D011092,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene glycol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical course and outcome of @entity1 with @entity96 treated at one centre, as the presence of hepatic @entity3 , although rare, is a poor prognostic feature in @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The case records of all @entity1 with @entity96 at presentation, and treated with chemotherapy at a medical oncology unit between 1984 and 2001, were reviewed. The treatment regimens, @entity5 responses and @entity1 outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity5 metastatic to the liver were identified. Complete biochemical and radiological responses were achieved in eight @entity1 after initial chemotherapy and surgery for non-hepatic @entity66 . Seven @entity1 had only residual radiological @entity409 with normal @entity5 markers at the completion of initial treatment. There were no immediate hepatic resections and no further therapy was given. Serial computed tomography (CT) confirmed a progressive reduction in the size of @entity99 in six of seven @entity1 . The persistence of @entity409 was not predictive of relapse, and overall survival of these @entity1 (median survival 49 months, range 15-120) compared well with recent reports of such @entity1 who have undergone hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative management with regular assessment by CT is an acceptable alternative to immediate hepatic resection for @entity1 with isolated residual radiological @entity409 on completing first-line therapy for metastatic @entity5 , and does not adversely affect their survival.

title: Liver @entity3 in XXXX : defining a role for surgery after chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer and liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['residual hepatic abnormalities', 'hepatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germ cell cancer']


abstract: A series of 54 @entity1 with lesions affecting the third ventricle with a wide range of pathology were operated on by the transcallosal approach. @entity1276 was present in 68.5% of all @entity1 , and preoperative shunting was performed in 73.0% of them. Before the partial callosotomy, 16 @entity1 were studied by the use of a cognitive, affective, and behavioral battery, which was repeated 10 and 100 days after the operation. No physiological consequences were ever observed after the partial commissurotomy. The postoperative @entity75 was verified by magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, 40 @entity406 -fixed brains were sectioned to study the variations of the anterior cerebral arteries. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging measurements of the corpus callosum in 40 normal subjects were performed to establish a classification system for the corpus callosal area. The results showed a wide variability of the cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum. The differences in the thickness of the truncus were responsible for this variability; the length of the corpus callosum was uniform. This may suggest that subjects with a large corpus callosum may have more interhemispheric connections with higher specialization of each hemisphere and that a smaller number of callosal connections may correlate with more ipsilateral pathways and more independent hemispheres. The results and the clinical as well as anatomical material indicate that the anterior transcallosal route is a safe and feasible alternative in the management of a wide spectrum of pathological lesions within the third ventricle and deserves preference over the transcortical technique.

title: Transcallosal XXXX affecting the third ventricle: an anatomic and clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['callosal defect']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['removal of lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical anesthesia, robust surgical stress occasionally causes unintended light anesthesia during operation. To test the hypothesis that neural input condition could modify actions of general anesthetics as a result of presynaptic alteration in the central nervous system, we investigated the mechanisms by which the stimulus frequency modifies synaptic transmission of the @entity35 hippocampus in the presence of general anesthetics. METHODS: Field population spikes (PSs) of @entity1249 pyramidal neurons were elicited using orthodromic stimulation of Schaffer collateral-commissural fibers (test-pulse). A second stimulating electrode was placed in the region of the alveus hippocampi to activate recurrent inhibition of area @entity1249 (pre-pulse). The pre-pulses were applied as train stimuli (100-200 Hz) to activate release and then deplete the neurotransmitter ( @entity1246 [ @entity1246 ]) at presynaptic terminals of inhibitory interneurons. RESULTS: After the activation of inhibitory interneurons with pre-pulses, both IV (thiopental and @entity4485 ) and volatile ( @entity2614 and @entity5161 ) anesthetics attenuated the PS amplitudes elicited with test-pulses (test-PS). The IV anesthetics, but not the volatile drugs, produced stimulus frequency- and use-dependent recurrent inhibition of test-PSs. Neither a @entity1246 type A agonist nor a @entity1246 uptake inhibitor produced frequency-dependent modification. The pre-pulse train protocol revealed that IV anesthetics, but not volatile drugs, can enhance @entity1246 release from presynaptic terminals. CONCLUSIONS: IV anesthetics, but not volatile drugs, enhance the discharge of a readily releasable pool of @entity1246 vesicles from presynaptic terminals. Depletion of an active pool of @entity1246 after high-frequency stimuli would produce frequency- and use-dependent recurrent inhibition in the presence of IV anesthetics. The stimulus frequency-dependent modification of synaptic transmission might be responsible for the unsuccessful immobilization or hypnosis during general anesthesia after IV anesthetic administration.

title: Presynaptic actions of general anesthetics are responsible for frequency-dependent modification of synaptic transmission in the XXXX hippocampal @entity1249 .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Some evidence suggests that temperament and personality traits could influence the development and severity of @entity1277 . This study was designed to study these aspects. METHODS: 72 @entity1 with @entity1277 including 25 @entity448 nervosa restricting type, 17 with @entity1278 were studied and compared with thirty healthy controls. @entity1314 and temperament were studied with the Eysenck's EPQ, Cloninger's TCI and @entity915 -II. Impulsive and clinical features were studied with specific rating scales. RESULTS: 61.8% of @entity1 had at least one @entity1314 . @entity1314 was the most commonly diagnosed in @entity448 restricting type (25%). @entity4225 was the most frequent in @entity1279 and in the binge eating-purging @entity1278 . Dimensionally, the group of @entity1277 presented high scores in @entity663 and low scores in self-directedness. Higher harm avoidance was found in bulimic @entity1 and higher persistence was associated with @entity10645 @entity1 . Bulimic @entity1 were significantly more impulsive than @entity10645 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Temperament and personality traits differ in @entity10645 and bulimic @entity1 . Bulimic symptoms are linked to impulsive temperament traits and to impulsive personality features. Anorectic symptoms are linked to persistent temperament traits and @entity1314 features.

title: [A study of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['Borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['type of anorexia nervosa', 'anorexia nervosa binge eating-purging type and 30 with bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-IV eating disorders', 'eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorder', 'anxious personality', 'Personality disorders', 'Avoidant personality disorder']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['personality in eating disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is an analysis of our experience with @entity1732 , @entity2879 , and @entity900 ( @entity12962 ) chemotherapy, in @entity2971 (GCTs). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included all @entity1 (age < 16 years) who were registered between May 1988 and May 1993 with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity1777 and received @entity12962 chemotherapy. In addition to the clinicopathological features, the response rate, survival rate, and @entity137 were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a total of 56 @entity1 , of whom 22 had an @entity43 and 17 each had a testicular or an @entity5 . Histologically, @entity2970 was the most common type (62%). Tumor markers were increased in 89% (50 of 56). Complete responses were observed in 89.1% (49 of 55) and partial responses in 10.9% (6 of 55) of the evaluable @entity1 . Five-year actuarial survival was 83% and progression free survival was 93%. Median follow-up was 18 months. Median survival is not yet reached. The chemotherapy was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: From the present report, it is apparent that @entity12962 chemotherapy is very effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1777 . The data probably suggests that conservative surgery, when combined with effective chemotherapy, can result in cure of the majority of @entity1 with GCTs.

title: XXXX . An experience with @entity12962 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extragonadal tumor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2970 :: ('MESH:D018240', 'Disease') :: ['endodermal sinus tumor']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['Pediatric germ cell tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hemodynamic monitoring plays a crucial role in the supportive treatment of @entity3124 @entity1 . In this setting, the use of the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is a standard procedure. In this study we prospectively compare the accuracy and precision of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) by PAC and transcardiopulmonary thermodilution (TC- @entity358 ) in @entity1 with @entity1455 following an acute @entity299 . In this prospective study 77 hemodynamic measurements were taken in 11 @entity1 presenting @entity1455 ( @entity1455 ) treated at the medical intensive care unit of our university hospital. Hemodynamic parameters were measured simultaneously by @entity358 and by TC- @entity358 . Both techniques assessed showed a strong correlation in the obtained hemodynamic parameters. The mean bias of cardiac index between measured by @entity358 (CIpa) and by TC- @entity358 (CIpi) was 0.04      0.35  L/min/m(2). During @entity2333 and @entity2332 ( @entity2332 ) in post-resuscitation care, mean bias between CIpa and CIpi was 0.04      0.36 and 0.04      0.34  L/min/m(2), respectively. Similarly, @entity1 presenting mitral or @entity997 showed interchangeable parameters. Preload parameters obtained by TC- @entity358 showed significant differences in @entity1 with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35  %, compared to @entity1 with LVEF >= 35  %. In contrast, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure showed no significant difference. Hemodynamic measurements by @entity358 and TC- @entity358 are interchangeable during therapy of @entity1455 , including @entity1 IABP, @entity2332 , mitral or @entity997 . Preload parameters measured by TC- @entity358 seem to be more accurate in these @entity1 than pressure parameters of @entity358 to gather the acute hemodynamic situation.

title: Accuracy and precision of transcardiopulmonary thermodilution in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary thermodilution', 'PTD']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac event']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['TH', 'therapeutic hypothermia']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: Several novel cDNA clones were previously identified by immunoscreening a cerebellar cDNA expression library derived from heterozygous weaver (wu/+) @entity19 at postnatal day one (P1) with an antigranule cell antiserum. One cDNA, @entity4248 ( @entity4248 ) has been further characterized. The 1.1 kb insert is a partial cDNA containing a segment near the 3' end of the full-length cDNA. The 5' end of the @entity4248 cDNA contains a 259 @entity377 open reading frame (ORF) coding for the last 85 @entity1522 of the @entity1473 terminus of the encoded protein. The encoded polypeptide contains two highly hydrophobic segments interrupted by a basic stretch. The @entity1473 terminus of this protein is @entity462 -rich, with 10 @entity462 residues among the 85 @entity1522 . The @entity4248 cDNA probably represents a single-copy gene. The @entity4248 gene, designated @entity4249 , was mapped to the distal region of @entity19 chromosome 5 by the analyses of two multilocus crosses. The distribution of the @entity4248 mRNA in @entity19 brain was studied by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the adult @entity19 brain, strong hybridization was detected in cerebellum, hippocampus, substantia nigra (SN), and cerebral cortex. In @entity19 cerebellum, hybridization was detected in granule cells, Purkinje cells, and in cells of the @entity76 ( @entity76 ). In @entity1 cerebellum, hybridization was detected in the granule cell layer. In the @entity19 , @entity4248 is expressed at least as early as embryonic day 14 (E14) in the central nervous system (CNS).

title: Molecular characterization of a novel cDNA from XXXX cerebellum, developmental expression, and distribution in brain.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity4248 :: ('14486(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['granule cell antiserum-positive clone 8', 'GCAP-8']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['deep cerebellar nuclei', 'DCN']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity2247 selective inhibitors (coxibs) and nonselective (ns)-NSAIDs elevate blood pressure (BP) and this may contribute to excess cardiovascular (CV) events. A number of recent large-scale randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing coxibs (including newer agents, @entity24846 and @entity14296 ) to both ns-NSAIDs and placebo have been reported, permitting an update to earlier BP analyses of these agents. DATA SOURCES/SYNTHESIS: Our search yielded 51 RCTs involving coxibs published before April 2008 with a total of 130 541 @entity1 in which BP data were available. The Der Simonian and Laird random effects method for dichotomous variables was used to produce risk ratios (RR) for development of @entity101 . RESULTS: For coxibs versus placebo, there was a RR of 1.49 (1.18-1.88, P = 0.04) in the development of new @entity101 . For coxibs versus ns-NSAIDs, the RR was 1.12 (0.93-1.35, P = 0.23). These results were mainly driven by @entity13586 , with a RR of 1.87 (1.63-2.14, P = 0.08) versus placebo, and @entity14296 , with a RR of 1.52 (1.39-1.66, P = 0.01) versus ns-NSAID. CONCLUSION: On the basis of this updated meta-analysis, coxibs appear to produce greater @entity101 than either ns-NSAIDs or placebo. However, this response was heterogeneous, with markedly raised BP associated with @entity13586 and @entity14296 , whereas @entity12698 , @entity17852 and @entity24846 appeared to have little BP effect. The relationship of this increased risk of @entity101 to subsequent adverse CV outcomes requires further investigation and prospective RCTs.

title: Do XXXX inhibitors raise blood pressure more than nonselective NSAIDs and placebo? An updated meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity17852 :: ('MESH:C406224', 'Chemical') :: ['valdecoxib']

entities_list: @entity24846 :: ('MESH:C473384', 'Chemical') :: ['lumiracoxib']

entities_list: @entity14296 :: ('MESH:C422649', 'Chemical') :: ['etoricoxib']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of exertional @entity1353 and progressive @entity203 on the buttocks and the lower extremities. Chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms taken at that time revealed diffuse fibrotic changes accompanied by multiple cavities and bullae in the lungs. There were no signs of mediastinal or hilar @entity3329 . A chest roentgenogram taken 7 years before admission showed no abnormalities. Serum @entity1289 and lysozyme levels were high: 29.9 IU/l and 14.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. 67Ga scintigraphy showed diffuse uptake in both lung fields. The PPD skin test was negative, and repeated sputum smears and cultures were negative for pyogenic bacteria and acid-fast bacilli. Examination of transbronchial lung biopsy and skin biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis--they showed noncaseating @entity738 with giant cells and a negative reaction of the stain to acid-fast bacilli, which are compatible with @entity370 . The @entity1 was given 30 mg/d of @entity229 orally. The @entity1353 and @entity203 were clearly alleviated, although there was little roentgenographic regression of cystic or fibrotic changes. There have been only a few reports of cystic and fibrotic changes early in the course of @entity370 . The @entity5409 in this case were probably secondary pulmonary cavities caused by the contracting and obstructive changes related to @entity3794 .

title: [A case of @entity370 with advanced cystic and fibrotic changes in a young XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioid granulomas']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['eruption']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity291 ejaculated semen was placed in a modified Tyrode's medium with albumin, @entity880 , and @entity2388 . The sperm were washed three times and subjected to nine treatment in a 3 X 3 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of osmolality (exposure to 380 mOsmol/kg medium for 5 min, exposure to 340 or 295 mOsmol/kg medium for the entire incubation period), and the presence or absence of glycosaminoglycans (100 micrograms/ml chondroitin sulfate A or 10 micrograms/ml heparin). Sperm were examined at 4.5 h, 8 to 9 h, and 24 to 25 h of incubation (37 degrees C, 5% @entity515 , and 95% air). Heparin caused head-to-head agglutination of sperm, raised the percent sperm without seminal antigens over the acrosome (capacitated) by 20% at 4.5 h, and doubled the percent of acrosome-reacted sperm. However, this stimulation did not improve in vitro fertilizability. Chondroitin sulfate A tended to maintain motility, but did not affect capacitation or the acrosome reaction, possibly due to @entity413 inhibition. Both high osmolality treatments tended to reduce motility, especially after 24 h of incubation when the 340 osmolality treatment reduced motility by 14% over the 295 treatment. No consistent effect on capacitation was observed. The 340 and 380 osmolality treatments induced 8.6 and 6.1% more acrosome reactions by 24 h than the 295 treatment. The 340 mOsmol/kg treatment yielded insignificantly higher in vitro fertilization rates, as evidenced by development of zygotes to the two-cell stage. Lack of statistical significance was due to high variation with in vitro fertilization rates.

title: Effect of osmolality and glycosaminoglycans on motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and in vitro fertilizability of XXXX ejaculated sperm.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5899 / @entity869 followed by oral @entity7576 . Parenteral @entity5899 / @entity869 was administered for 7 to 14 days to 152 in- @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity281 . All @entity1 were treated with @entity5899 / @entity869 , but only 140 @entity1 received oral @entity7576 therapy. Eighty-nine @entity1 and 63 @entity1 participated in this study. Infections included intraabdominal (42 cases), respiratory tract (52 cases), skin and soft tissue (29 cases), urinary tract (16 cases), and miscellaneous @entity281 (14 cases) that included @entity1682 , @entity1902 , @entity295 , and surgical wound @entity281 . Six (4%) @entity1 reported six study drug-related adverse experiences. Gastrointestinal side effects were most common and included epigastric burning and indigestion. @entity294 was not reported and no @entity1 discontinued drug therapy because of an adverse event. @entity854 were infrequent and clinically insignificant. Overall, 98% of the 114 evaluable @entity1 achieved clinical cure or improvement following treatment with @entity5899 / @entity869 and @entity7576 . Cured or improved @entity1 in each diagnostic group were 97% for @entity1320 , 100% for @entity1729 , 100% for skin and soft tissue @entity281 , 100% for @entity293 , and 91% for other types of @entity281 . Only 2 (2%) @entity1 were judged to be treatment failures. Microbiologic efficacy, or eradication, was 86% overall, ranging from 75 to 100%. Persistence of pathogens occurred in 5%, and eradication with development of a superinfection occurred in 4%. Fifty-seven percent (30/50) of the isolates tested were resistant to @entity869 alone whereas only 21% (9/42) were resistant to @entity5899 / @entity869 (p = 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5899 / @entity869 followed by oral treatment with @entity7576 for medical and surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity7576 :: ('MESH:C035444', 'Chemical') :: ['sultamicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

entities_list: @entity1682 :: ('MESH:D014435', 'Disease') :: ['typhoid fever']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation (LRFA) in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: We enrolled 50 cirrhotic @entity1 with similar baseline characteristics that underwent LLR (n = 26) or LRFA (n = 24), in both cases with intraoperative ultrasonography. Operative and peri-operative data were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: LLR included anatomic resection in eight cases and non-anatomic resection in 18. In LRFA @entity1 , a thermoablation of 62 nodules was achieved. Between LLR and LRFA groups, a significant difference was found both for median diameters of treated @entity157 nodules (30 vs. 17.1 mm; P < 0.001) and the number of treated nodules/ @entity1 (1.29    0.62 vs. 2.65    1.55; P < 0.001). A conversion to laparotomy occurred in two LLR @entity1 (7.7%) for @entity548 . No @entity204 occurred in both groups. Morbidity rates were 26.9% in the LLR group versus 16.6% in the LRFA group (P = 0.501). Hospital stay in the LLR and LRFA group was 8.30    6.52 and 6.52    2.69 days, respectively (P = 0.022). The surgical margin was free of @entity5 cells in all LLR @entity1 , with a margin <5 mm in only one case. In the LRFA group, a complete response was achieved in 90.3% of thermoablated @entity157 nodules at the 1-month post-treatment computed tomography evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: LLR for small peripheral @entity157 in @entity1 with @entity409 represents a valid alternative to LRFA in terms of @entity1 toleration, surgical outcome of the procedure, and short-term morbidity.

title: The procedure outcome of laparoscopic resection for ' XXXX is comparable to vlaparoscopic radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'small nodular hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['small' hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4436 is a common medical condition that disproportionately affects older adults. The ideal management of recurrent @entity4436 , including the role of prophylactic colectomy, remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the outcomes among older @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity4436 and examine subgroups of @entity1 with comorbid @entity712 and @entity1030 to determine whether outcomes in these @entity1 are worse than in other groups. DESIGN: This article reports a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing elective surgery for @entity4436 . SETTING: Data were derived from the 100% Medicare Provider Analysis and Review inpatient files from 2004 to 2007. @entity1 : Included were 22,752 @entity1 , age 65 years and older, with a primary diagnosis of @entity4436 that underwent elective left-colon resection, colostomy, or ileostomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome measure was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome measures were intestinal diversion rates (colostomy and ileostomy) and @entity260 . RESULTS: Overall mortality, intestinal diversion (colostomy and ileostomy), and postoperative complication rate were 1.2%, 11.3%, and 22.1%. @entity1 with @entity712 had increased odds of in-hospital mortality ( @entity16132 , 95% CI 2.59-4.63), colostomy ( @entity16133 , 95% CI 1.69-2.27), and all @entity260 , including hemorrhagic (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.01-2.11), wound ( @entity16133 , 95% CI 1.50-2.39), pulmonary (OR 4.2, 95% CI 3.59-4.85), cardiac (OR 4.6, 95% CI 3.68-5.74), @entity86 ( @entity16134 , 95% CI 2.53-4.35), renal (OR 4.1, 95% CI 3.22-5.12), and @entity1031 ( @entity13562 , 95% CI 1.00-2.43) complications. @entity1 with @entity1030 had significantly increased odds of wound ( @entity16135 , 95% CI 1.19-1.67) and pulmonary (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.94-2.50) complications. Advancing age, @entity712 , and @entity1030 were significantly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. LIMITATIONS: Medicare data are limited by the potential for lack of generalizability to @entity1 <65 years and the potential for coding errors. CONCLUSIONS: Elective diverticular surgery in older @entity1 carries substantial morbidity, especially in those @entity1 with comorbid @entity712 and @entity1030 . The rate of perioperative complications that we document in this @entity1 population may attenuate some of the expected benefit of surgery.

title: XXXX and @entity1030 predict poor surgical outcomes in older adults undergoing elective @entity4436 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis', 'Diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative shock/sepsis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Congestive heart failure']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed the natural course of cervical spine involvement in @entity309 by serial radiographs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to determine the pattern of progression of cervical spine lesions in @entity309 and predictors for the extent of progression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Subluxation frequently occurs as a result of rheumatoid involvement of the cervical spine. It may be severe in @entity1 with @entity85 in the hands and feet. The extent of progression in a given @entity1 is still unpredictable. METHODS: Serial cervical radiographs in 49 @entity1 with @entity309 were analyzed. The extent of progression was evaluated by @entity309 subset defined previously, which reflected the final extent of joint @entity2681 in this @entity262 and could be roughly classified during early stages of the disease. RESULTS: In the upper cervical spine, reducible @entity1347 occurred first. Vertical subluxation of the @entity2270 appeared next. Irreducible change of preceding @entity1347 was a sign of the start of vertical subluxation. In @entity75 , subluxation occurred less frequently (22.4%) than @entity75 (77.6%). The extent of progression was different with the @entity309 subset. In the upper cervical spine, none of the subset with @entity66 developed vertical subluxation, whereas 52% of the subset with @entity66 and 88% of the subset with @entity66 @entity1442 . The extent of progression was well correlated with the number of joints with @entity2681 . Subaxial subluxation was often seen and became irreducible in @entity66 and @entity66 , but not in @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: A progressive pattern of the @entity3799 was clarified. That is, @entity75 progressed from reducible @entity1347 to irreducible @entity7194 . This extent of progression was different with the @entity309 subset, which was also related to the development of subaxial subluxation. The most aggressive @entity625 classification, a subset with @entity66 , had the more severe subluxation in both upper and subaxial cervical spine.

title: Natural course of cervical spine lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mutilating disease', 'more erosive disease', 'least erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical lesions', 'upper cervical lesion', 'subaxial lesion']

entities_list: @entity7194 :: ('MESH:D007906', 'Disease') :: ['anterior atlantoaxial subluxation with vertical subluxation']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced to vertical subluxation']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['upper cervical subluxations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['mutilans deformities']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity3446 (SRL) is not nephrotoxic, but it has been shown to increase transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. We investigated the effect of combining @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with SRL on renal structure and function and on @entity1810 . @entity35 treated with vehicle (VH), @entity2098 10 mg/kg/d, SRL 0.3 mg/kg/d, or SRL+ @entity2098 were killed at 28 days. The physiologic and histologic changes and expression of @entity1810 , plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and extracellular matrix proteins were studied. Although SRL alone did not alter renal function and structure, it increased @entity1810 mRNA by 44% and protein by 48% (P <0.05 vs. VH). Treatment with @entity2098 did not affect @entity1810 . When combined with SRL, @entity2098 decreased @entity1810 expression to VH levels. A similar trend was observed with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and extracellular matrix proteins. The long-term consequence of increased TGF-beta in SRL-treated kidneys remains unknown. However, because @entity2098 can reverse this trend, SRL and @entity2098 combination therapy may be protective.

title: Combination therapy with XXXX and @entity618 : effects on the kidney and on @entity1810 .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: @entity12363 (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways constitute major regulators of cellular transcriptional programmes. We analysed the @entity1366 ( @entity3962 ) transcriptome in a non-transformed MEC (mammary epithelial cell) line, MCF-12A, utilizing rAd MEK1EE, a recombinant adenovirus encoding constitutively active @entity12363 ( @entity12363 ). rAd MEK1EE infection induced morphological changes and DNA synthesis which were inhibited by the @entity16629 inhibitor @entity22130 . Hierarchical clustering of data derived from seven time points over 24 h identified 430 and 305 co-ordinately up-regulated and down-regulated genes respectively. @entity517 binding sites were identified in the promoters of most of these up-regulated genes. A total of 46 candidate effectors of the @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity1366 pathway in MECs were identified by comparing our dataset with previously reported @entity8496 -1-regulated genes. These analyses led to the identification of a suite of growth factors co-ordinately induced by MEK1EE, including multiple @entity470 ligands, @entity7 and PHRP (parathyroid hormone-related protein). PHRP is the primary mediator of humoral hypercalcaemia of @entity5 , and has been implicated in @entity3 to bone. We demonstrate that PHRP is secreted by MEK1EE-expressing cells. This secretion is inhibited by @entity22130 , but not by @entity470 inhibitors. Our results suggest that, in addition to anti-proliferative properties, @entity16629 inhibitors may be anti-angiogenic and possess therapeutic utility in the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Analysis of the XXXX transcriptome in mammary epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['PHRP-positive tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1,2']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1366 :: (5595;5594,Gene) :: ['ERK1,2']


abstract: Stable @entity5962 -based adherens junctions are pivotal in maintaining epithelial tissue integrity and are the major barrier for epithelial @entity5 @entity3 . Proteins of the @entity8780 (ctn) subfamily have emerged recently as critical players for supporting this stability. The identification of the unique juxtamembrane domain (JMD) in @entity5962 that binds directly to delta-catenin/ @entity21293 / @entity21293 ( @entity21293 ) and @entity8780 (ctn) ( @entity8780 ) provides a common motif for their interactions. Recently, crystallographic resolution of the JMD of @entity8780 (ctn) further highlighted possibilities of intervening between interactions of @entity8780 (ctn) subfamily proteins and @entity5962 for designing anti- @entity5 therapeutics. For most @entity5 , studies have demonstrated a reduction of @entity8780 (ctn) expression or alteration of its subcellular distribution. On the other hand, delta-catenin, a primarily neural-enriched protein in the brain of healthy individuals, is up-regulated in all @entity5 types that have been studied to date. Two research articles in the September 2010 issue of The Journal of Pathology increase our understanding of the involvement of these proteins in @entity2 . One reports the identification of rare @entity8780 (ctn) ( @entity8780 ) gene amplification in @entity2 . One mechanism by which delta-catenin and @entity8780 (ctn) may play a role in @entity105 is their competitive binding to @entity5962 through the JMD. The other presents the first vigorous characterization of delta-catenin overexpression in @entity2 . Unexpectedly, the authors observed that delta-catenin promotes malignant phenotypes of @entity1149 by non-competitive binding to @entity5962 with @entity8780 (ctn) in the cytoplasm. Looking towards the future, the understanding of delta-catenin and @entity8780 (ctn) with and beyond their localization at the cell-cell junction should provide further insight into their roles in @entity5 pathogenesis.

title: -Catenin dysregulation in ca XXXX interactions with E- @entity5962 nd beyond.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that reduced fetal growth leads to altered plasma @entity442 ( @entity442 ) concentrations in childhood. DESIGN: A follow up study of 4 year old @entity1 whose birth weights were recorded, and of 7 year old @entity1 whose weight, length, head circumference, and placental weight were measured at birth. SETTING: Pune, India, and Salisbury, England. SUBJECTS: 200 @entity1 born during October 1987 to April 1989 in the King Edward Memorial Hospital, Pune, weighing over 2.0 kg at birth and not requiring special care, and 244 @entity1 born during July 1984 to February 1985 in the Salisbury Health District and still living there. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma @entity442 concentrations. RESULTS: In both groups of @entity1 , and consistent with findings in other studies, plasma @entity442 concentrations were higher in taller and heavier @entity1 , and higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . Allowing for sex and current size, concentrations were inversely related to birth weight (Pune p = 0.002; Salisbury p = 0.003). Thus at any level of weight or height, @entity1 of lower birth weight had higher @entity442 concentrations. The highest concentrations were in @entity1 who were below average birth weight and above average weight or height when studied. Systolic blood pressures were higher in @entity1 with higher @entity442 concentrations (Pune p = 0.01; Salisbury p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 of lower birth weight develop higher circulating concentrations of @entity442 than expected for their height and weight. This is consistent with the hypothesis that under-nutrition in utero leads to reprogramming of the @entity442 axis. The increase of plasma @entity442 concentrations in low birthweight @entity1 may also be linked to postnatal catch-up growth. High @entity442 concentrations may be one of the mechanisms linking reduced fetal growth and high blood pressure in later life.

title: Size at birth and plasma XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'IGF-1']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1']


abstract: Cytogenetic translocations involving chromosome band 19p13, the site of the @entity11260 gene, have previously been reported in pediatric @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in association with a precursor-B cell immunophenotype and poor prognosis. We studied the frequency, pathologic findings, and clinical course of adults with @entity1778 with 19p13 translocations. Six @entity1 with t(1;19) (q23;p13) and one @entity1 with t(17;19)(q21;p13), all with @entity981 , were identified over an 8-year period from among 183 @entity981 @entity1 (2.7%); t(1;19) was observed in 2.2% and t(17;19) in 0.5% of these @entity1 . The seven @entity1 (four females and three males) ranged from 18 to 59 years of age (median 33). All cases had a precursor-B cell immunophenotype, and a distinctive expression of surface markers ( @entity2282 , @entity1075 , @entity10730 , and HLA-Dr positive, usually negative for @entity2225 , @entity2280 , and negative for myeloid-associated antigens @entity10793 , @entity5750 , and @entity1116 ). The blast cells in one case expressed @entity5824 . All @entity1 were treated with combination chemotherapy and three @entity1 received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. All @entity1 had early (range 6-20 months) relapses, and died due to progressive disease 7-29 months after diagnosis. Similar to pediatric @entity1 , adults with @entity1778 usually do not respond to intensive therapy and have short survival. The poor prognosis of this group of @entity981 @entity1 highlights the importance of detecting 19p13 translocations by cytogenetic analysis or molecular studies.

title: Adult precursor-B XXXX with translocations involving chromosome band 19p13 is associated with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['19p13 leukemias', 'leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: AIM: To investigate whether aerobic fitness is associated with skin microvascular function in healthy adults with an increased risk of developing @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy normal @entity413 -tolerant @entity1 with either a previous diagnosis of gestational @entity6 or having two parents with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 27 healthy adults who had no history of @entity6 were recruited. Maximal @entity26 uptake was assessed using an incremental exercise test to exhaustion. Skin microvascular function was assessed using laser Doppler techniques as the maximum skin hyperaemic response to a thermal stimulus (maximum hyperaemia) and the forearm skin blood flow response to the iontophoretic application of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity1854 . RESULTS: Maximal @entity26 uptake was not significantly different in the 'at-risk' group compared with healthy controls. Maximum hyperaemia was reduced in those 'at risk' (1.29 +/- 0.30 vs. 1.46 +/- 0.33 V, P = 0.047); however, the peak response to @entity934 or @entity1854 did not differ in the two groups. A significant positive correlation was demonstrated between maximal @entity26 uptake and maximum hyperaemia (r = 0.52, P = 0.006 l/min and r = 0.60, P = 0.001 ml/kg/min) and peak ACh response (r = 0.40, P = 0.04 l/min and r = 0.47, P = 0.013 ml/kg/min) in the 'at-risk' group when expressed in absolute (l/min) or body mass-related (ml/kg/min) terms. No significant correlations were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In this 'at-risk' group with skin microvascular dysfunction maximal @entity26 uptake was not reduced compared with healthy controls. However, in the 'at-risk' group alone, individuals with higher levels of aerobic fitness also had better microvascular and endothelial responsiveness.

title: Does aerobic fitness influence microvascular function in healthy adults at risk of developing @entity164 2 XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Despite meticulous adherence to presently known principles of myocardial preservation, reperfusion after aortic cross-clamping results in a unique injury manifested by decreasing high-energy @entity1391 levels and increased coronary resistance. We hypothesize that @entity1423 into the coronary microvasculature is a major factor in reperfusion injury. To differentiate @entity1423 due to @entity548 from deposition due to vascular entrapment, we infused 111In-labeled platelets together with 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes into 15 @entity235 that were on normothermic bypass and subjected to 60 minutes of global @entity63 followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. Platelet deposition is indicated only when the proportion of platelets to erythrocytes in tissue exceeds that measured by peripheral blood. Myocardial biopsy specimens were obtained after 10 minutes of bypass, 120 minutes of continuous bypass (Group I), and at the end of reperfusion after global @entity63 (Group II). In five @entity235 (Group III), @entity4341 (1 mg/kg), an antiplatelet activation agent, was administered in the preischemic period. Platelet deposition was expressed as the number of radioactive-labeled platelets deposited per gram of tissue. Bypass for 120 minutes resulted in only a minimal @entity1423 . However, normothermic @entity63 followed by reperfusion resulted in over a twofold @entity1423 compared to controls. Pretreatment with @entity4341 appeared to avoid @entity1423 . These data indicate that @entity1423 in the coronary microcirculation following surgically induced @entity741 may be associated with reperfusion injury and that antiplatelet drugs after this sequence.

title: Platelet deposition after surgically induced XXXX . An etiologic factor for reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['increase in platelet deposition', 'platelet deposition']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records on all cases of acute @entity5847 in adults from each of the hospitals in Rhode Island and from the state medical examiner's office over an eight-year period (1975-1982). We found 56 cases--an annual incidence of 9.7 cases per million adults. A significant increase occurred in the last two study years. Indirect laryngoscopy proved to be more reliable in making a diagnosis than did x-ray films of the neck; all of 41 indirect examinations were performed without complications. Twenty-three percent (6 of 26) of @entity1 in whom blood cultures had been obtained had @entity2259 , all with @entity6932 . @entity2259 was associated with a high risk of @entity1224 . Four @entity1 died, all from acute @entity1224 , for a mortality rate of 7.1 percent--a rate significantly higher than the current rate among @entity1 . Two @entity204 occurred after admission, while the @entity1 were being observed without an artificial airway. We conclude that the incidence of @entity5847 in adults is higher than previously believed and may be increasing. Fatal @entity1224 can occur without warning, indicating a need for early protection of the airway in adults as well as in @entity1 .

title: Acute XXXX in adults. An eight-year experience in the state of Rhode Island.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity5847 :: ('MESH:D004826', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottitis']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity5847 :: (MESH:D004826,Disease) :: ['epiglottitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maternal salivary @entity11111 levels are an indirect measure of fetal adrenal activity, which may be affected by administration of @entity5935 . The objective was to compare sequential salivary @entity11111 levels in @entity1 receiving serial @entity5935 therapy with those of healthy pregnant @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Ten @entity1 at high risk for @entity3152 were asked to obtain salivary specimens before and 1 to 2 days after each administration of weekly @entity5935 treatments between 24 and 32 weeks' gestation. These values were compared with those of specimens obtained throughout gestation in healthy @entity1 who were not delivered preterm. Unconjugated salivary @entity11111 was measured with a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunoassay (Biex, Inc, Dublin, Calif). RESULTS: The effect of @entity5935 on salivary @entity11111 levels did not change with time, showing an average of 23.1% drop from pretreatment to posttreatment levels but rebounding to the same starting level before the next dose. When weekly pretreatment values were looked at across time, the geometric mean of the individual @entity1 ' slopes did not differ significantly from no change. The same was true of the posttreatment values. The rate of change with advancing gestation was compared between 182 control subjects and the 10 study subjects. The average change was +8.8% per week in the control subjects and -1.3% per week in the study @entity1 (P =.003). CONCLUSIONS: Maternal administration of @entity5935 significantly suppressed salivary @entity11111 levels. These levels returned to pretreatment values each week before the next dose; however, the rise normally associated with advancing gestational age was not observed.

title: Serial XXXX administration: effect on maternal salivary @entity11111 levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

answer: @entity5935 :: (MESH:D001623,Chemical) :: ['betamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on the observation of topoisomerase-1, upregulation by @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), and the phase I antitumor activity of sequential @entity1139 / @entity2600 in @entity418 , we conducted a phase II evaluation of two schedules of this combination in previously untreated stage III/IV esophageal/gastroesophageal junction @entity420 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (n = 76) were randomized to either 6 mg/m @entity1139 on day 1 and 125 mg/m @entity2600 on days 2 and 9 (arm A) or 3 mg/m @entity1139 on days 1 and 8 and 125 mg/m @entity2600 on days 2 and 9 (arm B). Each cycle was repeated every 28 days. Restaging was planned after two cycles, and resections were performed whenever possible. A two-stage Simon minimax design was used for each arm, with a "pick-the-winner" approach based on efficacy. RESULTS: The response rate (complete response + partial response) in 73 evaluable @entity1 was 52% (21 of 40 @entity1 ) for arm A and 33% (11/33) for arm B. Moderate or severe @entity137 was similar. Twenty-seven @entity1 were resected (20:7, arm A:B). There was one complete pathologic response; five others were node negative. CONCLUSION: @entity2600 / @entity1139 is feasible in esophageal/gastroesophageal junction @entity420 . @entity1139 (6 mg/m) every 28 days for up to six cycles is the recommended modulatory dose for @entity2600 in future trials.

title: Phase II randomized study of two regimens of sequentially administered @entity1138 and @entity2600 in XXXX with unresectable esophageal and @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sensitization of @entity840 by intradermal injections of the occupational allergen @entity12932 ( @entity10226 ) in oily vehicle has been shown to be very reproducible. We studied the effect of intradermal sensitization with ovalbumin (OA) in oily vehicle on immune and airway responses in @entity840 . We also compared airway responses to @entity12932 or @entity8786 (DF; mite) with those to OA in @entity840 intradermally sensitized to respective allergens. Three to four weeks after sensitization, the animals were challenged with intratracheal instillation of these allergens. Intradermal injections with OA developed dose-dependently specific IgG1 antibodies to OA demonstrated by ELISA. In animals sensitized with different doses of OA in @entity4336 oil vehicle, a challenge with OA induced a reversely dose-dependent airflow obstruction and airway plasma exudation. In contrast, animals sensitized with OA in saline vehicle had dose-dependent airway responses to OA. Challenge with OA caused an immediate peak and subsequently persistent airflow obstruction, whereas this response to either @entity10226 guinea pig serum albumin or Df was slowly progressive in animals sensitized to respective allergens. The animals sensitized to @entity10226 or Df may show a different profile of airway responses following the challenge compared to OA. Intradermal sensitization may be a valuable method of sensitization for the development of an animal model of airway @entity566 to different types of allergens, including chemicals or mites.

title: Airway responses following intradermal sensitization to different types of allergens: ovalbumin, @entity12932 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity12932 :: ('MESH:C015559', 'Chemical') :: ['trimellitic anhydride']

answer: @entity8786 :: (6954,Species) :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']


abstract: In the present study, the frequency and the mechanism of @entity101 associated with unilateral @entity3041 (UHY) were investigated in 115 @entity1 . @entity101 (blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg) was found in 20% of 101 consecutive @entity1 with UHY. Twenty-six @entity1 with UHY and @entity101 were followed for 35 months and the effect of surgery on blood pressure was analyzed. Blood pressure fell from 178 +/- 4/108 +/- 4 to 135 +/- 2/84 +/- 2 mm Hg after surgery. @entity101 was cured in 62%, improved in 19% and unchanged in 19%. In 73% of the cured @entity1 the PRA-ratio was greater than or equal to 1.5, while all unchanged @entity1 had a value of less than 1.5. @entity101 @entity1 were significantly older than normotensive @entity1 , but did not differ in kidney function, underlying cause of @entity3041 , incidence of @entity293 or frequency of @entity1986 . We conclude that in UHY the incidence of @entity101 is not particularly high. However, in a substantial number of @entity1 , @entity101 is reversible by surgery. In most of these @entity1 the renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system seems to play an important role in sustaining @entity101 , although in some @entity1 other mechanisms might be operative as well. Since the overall incidence of @entity101 is not particularly high in UHY, this secondary form of @entity101 appears to be rare.

title: Unilateral @entity3041 and XXXX : cause or coincidence?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'high blood pressure', 'hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Aortic valvotomy for @entity472 in infancy has had a high mortality. To determine the factors that influence survival, we reviewed the cases of 24 @entity1 who underwent aortic valvotomy in the first 6 months of life (mean 4 1/2 weeks) for @entity472 from 1978 to 1984. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all @entity1 . Operative mortality was 21% (5/24), four of the five deaths occurring from @entity998 . Analysis of preoperative factors affecting survival versus nonsurvival revealed that low ejection fraction (60% +/- 17% in survivors versus 36% +/- 2% in nonsurvivors), high left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (16 +/- 7 mm Hg in survivors versus 30 +/- 14 mm Hg in nonsurvivors), and presence of @entity11459 (25% in survivors versus 100% in nonsurvivors) all were predictive of a poor outcome, although the small sample size indicated caution in interpreting results. Factors that did not appear to influence survival included peak systolic gradient (79 +/- 30 mm Hg in survivors versus 60 +/- 15 mm Hg in nonsurvivors) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (37 +/- 17 cm3/m2 in survivors versus 36 +/- 7 cm3/m2 in nonsurvivors). Four @entity1 with a left ventricular end-diastolic volume below 26 cm3/m2 survived. Postoperative gradients averaged 25 +/- 21 mm Hg at 3.4 +/- 2 years' follow-up in nine recatheterized @entity1 . Ejection fraction of these @entity1 increased from 45% +/- 10% to 70% +/- 11% and left ventricular end-diastolic volume increased from 37 +/- 17 to 58 +/- 5 cm3/m2. Two of 17 @entity1 have required apical-aortic conduits; all other @entity1 are asymptomatic. We conclude that @entity1 with @entity472 benefit from valvotomy even with impaired left ventricular function and severely reduced left ventricular dimensions and many have nearly normal hemodynamics on late follow-up.

title: Prognostic factors in valvotomy for XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['critical aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['endocardial fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['critical aortic stenosis']


abstract: Adenylate cyclase activity measured by the formation of @entity1919 in @entity35 brain membranes was inhibited by a shellfish toxin, @entity5228 ( @entity13304 ). The inhibition of enzyme was dependent on @entity13304 concentration, but about 50% of enzyme activity was resistant to @entity13304 -induced inhibition. @entity35 brain supernatant resulting from 105,000 x g centrifugation for 60 min, stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes. @entity5228 abolished the supernatant-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The brain supernatant contains factors which modulate adenylate cyclase activity in membranes. The stimulatory factors include @entity460 , calmodulin, and @entity3007 . In view of these findings, we examined the role of @entity460 and calmodulin in @entity13304 -induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase in brain membranes. @entity460 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in membranes, and further addition of calmodulin potentiated @entity460 -stimulated enzyme activity in a concentration dependent manner. Calmodulin also stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, but further addition of @entity460 did not potentiate calmodulin-stimulated enzyme activity. These results show that the @entity35 brain membranes contain endogenous @entity460 and calmodulin which stimulate adenylate cyclase activity. However, calmodulin appears to be present in membranes in sub-optimal concentration for adenylate cyclase activation, whereas @entity460 is present at saturating concentration. Adenylate cyclase activity diminished as @entity13304 concentration was increased, reaching a nadir at about 1 mM. Addition of @entity460 restored @entity13304 -inhibited adenylate cyclase activity to the control level. Similarly, @entity4527 also inhibited adenylate cyclase activity in brain membranes in a concentration dependent manner, and addition of @entity460 restored @entity4527 -inhibited enzyme activity to above control level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in @entity35 brain membranes.

entities_list: @entity5228 :: ('MESH:C012301', 'Chemical') :: ['Domoic acid', 'domoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity5228 :: (MESH:C012301,Chemical) :: ['Domoic acid']


abstract: We studied a total of 61 cases of systemic and @entity2783 to evaluate the significance of a " @entity1503 " (the presence of numerous @entity5342 ) in these @entity1 and to correlate its presence with the pattern and severity of the splenic involvement. To ascertain whether this peripheral blood picture is prevalent with a certain type of @entity2783 , we classified all cases by immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against @entity1582 (kappa and lambda light chains), serum amyloid-associated protein, prealbumin, @entity2262 , and amyloid p component. Based on immunostaining results, all cases were classified as AL (31 cases), AA (8 cases), or senile (prealbumin-positive, 22 cases) @entity2783 . @entity5342 were identified in six @entity1 with @entity2783 ; of these, four cases had diffuse splenic cord involvement, one had a follicular pattern, and one had a vascular pattern. Only one of these @entity1 had a typical @entity1503 . This @entity1 had far-advanced diffuse splenic involvement. The remaining five @entity1 had rare to few @entity5342 . In addition, 12 other @entity1 had diffuse splenic involvement with no @entity5342 present. This study concludes that even when there is advanced diffuse replacement of splenic cords with amyloid on light microscopy, the "pitting" function of the spleen appears to be preserved in most cases. The absence of a @entity1503 cannot be equated with normal splenic cord histology in @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: XXXX in @entity1582 . Its absence is not a predictable sign for absence of splenic involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5342 :: ('MESH:C536164', 'Disease') :: ['Howell-Jolly bodies']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['senile amyloidosis', 'amyloid L amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta-2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hyposplenic blood picture']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'AL amyloid']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Hyposplenic blood picture']


abstract: In Japan more than 400 cases of intracranial invasion of @entity9642 have been reported. In recent years, however, because of the decrease of incidence of @entity4801 , erroneous diagnosis is apt to be made. Peculiar but characteristic calcified @entity5409 in chronic stage of @entity1779 were described as "soap bubble appearance" in x-rays by Oh in 1968. We report such a case with @entity75 of soap bubble appearance in plain x-ray films in the right parieto-occipital region. The @entity1 was a 30-year-old @entity1 who had generalized convulsive @entity410 since childhood. CT scan revealed these lesions to have high density in the margin and relatively low density in the center. Recently some cases of cerebral involvement by @entity9642 miyazakii were reported in Japan. The immunoserological tests are most useful for the diagnosis of @entity9643 . @entity9644 administration is the treatment of choice in acute stage. @entity75 with positive serological tests in two years after the onset of cerebral signs should be removed surgically, if possible.

title: [ XXXX with peculiar calcified foci: a case report].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus', 'Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['calcified lesions', 'Calcified lesions']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity9644 :: ('MESH:D001735', 'Chemical') :: ['Bithionol']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral paragonimiasis']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Cerebral paragonimiasis']


abstract: Baby M was born limp, blue, and without respiratory effort at 38 weeks gestation to a 38-year-old, gravida 5, para 1, @entity1 . Delivery was vaginal after a rapid progression of labor leaving no opportunity for a cesarean section. No other complications were noted during labor but a large surge at delivery, later diagnosed as uterine @entity397 , initially raised concerns about @entity5869 . Apgar scores were 1, 2, and 4 at one, five, and ten minutes, respectively. She was resuscitated in the delivery room, intubated, and transferred in critical condition to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at the birth hospital. Her initial cord pH was 6.7 and was slightly improved at 7.17 on arterial blood gas after resuscitation. Our NICU team was consulted because of her severe @entity308 . The birth hospital was within walking distance of our tertiary care center and our neurologists went to evaluate her for the @entity2332 protocol. Her neurologic exam was notable for dilated and unresponsive pupils, no spontaneous movements, and diminished reflexes and tone, consistent with moderate-to-severe @entity75 . @entity410 activity began at one hour of age and consisted of lip smacking, which was later confirmed by electroencephalogram (EEG). Enrollment criteria were met based on @entity1576 at birth requiring intubation and continued need for ventilation, concern for @entity5869 , cord pH less than 7, and @entity75 on exam and EEG. After stabilizing her airway and achieving central access to treat @entity520 and @entity410 , the team prepared her for transfer to our NICU. At this point, the primary concern became her neurologic status.

title: XXXX : treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the NICU.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['placental abruption']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['Therapeutic hypothermia']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity2332 treatment with cold intravenous infusion and ice packs after @entity1167 has been described and used in clinical practice. We hypothesised that with this method a target temperature of 32-34 degrees C could be achieved and maintained during treatment and that rewarming could be controlled. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 treated with @entity2332 after @entity1167 were included in this prospective observational study. The @entity1 were cooled with 4 degrees C intravenous saline infusion combined with ice packs applied in the groins, axillae, and along the neck. @entity2332 treatment was maintained for 26 h after @entity1167 . It was estimated that passive rewarming would occur over a period of 8h. Body temperature was monitored continuously and recorded every 15 min up to 44 h after @entity1167 . RESULTS: All @entity1 reached the target temperature interval of 32-34 degrees C within 279+/-185 min from @entity1167 and 216+/-177 min from induction of cooling. In nine @entity1 the temperature dropped to below 32 degrees C during a period of 15 min up to 2.5h, with the lowest (nadir) temperature of 31.3 degrees C in one of the @entity1 . The target temperature was maintained by periodically applying ice packs on the @entity1 . Passive rewarming started 26 h after @entity1167 and continued for 8+/-3h. Rebound @entity221 (>38 degrees C) occurred in eight @entity1 44 h after @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous cold saline infusion combined with ice packs is effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic @entity2332 , with good temperature control even during rewarming.

title: Cold saline infusion and ice packs alone are effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic XXXX after @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: Several parameters of lipoprotein metabolism were examined in 38 @entity1 with primary @entity2298 (phenotype IV). Family investigation showed that 17 @entity1 had @entity5703 ( @entity5703 ), seven had @entity3295 ( @entity3295 ), and 14 had unclassified @entity2298 (UNC). In all three groups, plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and the concentrations of @entity1675 and @entity5704 were decreased, and @entity755 was increased, each to the same extent. These results are compatible with an increased risk of @entity65 in both @entity5703 and @entity3295 @entity1 . The mean concentration of LDL @entity165 and the ratio of LDL to HDL @entity165 were significantly higher in @entity5703 subjects, which could explain their increased risk. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase and @entity5705 were the same in both groups. Determination of apolipoprotein C composition, which may modulate lipoprotein lipase activity, did not reveal any abnormalities in the different groups. In both @entity5703 and @entity3295 , the mean turnover rate of plasma @entity1674 was almost twice normal, indicating that overproduction of plasma @entity412 plays an important role in both disorders. However, there was an overlap with normal controls, indicating impaired @entity412 removal in some subjects. The underlying mechanism of @entity2298 in @entity5703 and @entity3295 therefore seems to be heterogeneous.

title: Plasma lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and @entity412 metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity5703 :: ('MESH:D006950', 'Disease') :: ['FCH', 'familial combined hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3295 :: ('MESH:D006953', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypertriglyceridemia', 'FHT']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3295 :: (MESH:D006953,Disease) :: ['familial hypertriglyceridemia']