abstract: Pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDECs) have been shown to express @entity460 activated @entity2865 channels (CaCCs) and there is evidence for their involvement in fluid secretion from these cells. The molecular identity of the CaCC in PDECs remains unknown. Recently, the bestrophin family of proteins have been proposed as a potential molecular candidate for CaCCs. Expression of bestrophins is strongly correlated with the function of CaCCs in a variety of tissues. In the present study, the expression of bestrophins has been investigated in the @entity1577 pancreatic duct cell line, CFPAC-1. @entity6893 efflux analysis was used to characterise native CaCCs in CFPAC-1 cell monolayers. Efflux was induced with the addition of @entity856 (100 microM, 10.2 +/- 1.5 nmol min(-1)), which was blocked by the @entity2865 channel blockers @entity7987 (81%) and DIDS (90%). The @entity856 -stimulated @entity6893 efflux was shown to be @entity141 dependent and @entity268 independent. RT-PCR analysis of RNA isolated from CFPAC-1 cells demonstrated positive identification of all four @entity1 bestrophin mRNAs. Western blot of CFPAC-1 cell protein isolates with antibodies specific to @entity1 @entity6678 ( @entity6678 ) showed that @entity6678 protein was expressed in this cell line. @entity6678 was present on the cell surface, demonstrated using biotinylation and confocal imaging, as well as in the cytoplasm. SiRNA-mediated silencing of @entity6678 in CFPAC-1 cells reduced the @entity856 -stimulated @entity6893 efflux by around 40%. This study provides evidence that the bestrophins are expressed in pancreatic duct cells and, more specifically, that @entity6678 plays a role in the CaCCs found in these cells.

title: Bestrophin expression and function in the XXXX pancreatic duct cell line, CFPAC-1.

entities_list: @entity7987 :: ('MESH:D009544', 'Chemical') :: ['niflumic acid']

entities_list: @entity6893 :: ('CHEBI:16382', 'Chemical') :: ['iodide', 'Iodide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The vasodilator effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and its reproducibility was determined in @entity35 kidneys perfused in situ with blood or in isolated kidneys perfused with Krebs solution or Krebs plus 0.25% bovine serum albumin (BSA) at 3 ml/min. Dilatation was measured as inhibition of the increase in perfusion pressure produced by stimulation of the renal nerves or by infusion of @entity1063 . PAF, in saline and 0.25% BSA, was infused into the perfusate at 0.05 ml/min to produce eight incremental consecutive concentrations from 3 x 10(-11) to 10(-7). Two sets of PAF infusions were made during nerve-stimulated responses followed by one set during @entity1063 infusion. With blood perfusion, PAF consistently produced dose-dependent dilatation and 3 x 10(-9) M reduced nerve-stimulated responses to 52% of control. This effect was reproduced by a second infusion. However in Krebs-perfused kidneys the effect of the first PAF infusion was not consistent, with responses either not affected or reduced only at the lower doses so that the mean maximum decrease was only 10% and the vasodilatation was not dose-dependent. The second PAF infusion invariably had no effect. On the other hand perfusion with Krebs and 0.25% BSA produced consistent and dose-dependent inhibition of vasoconstriction which was reproduced by a second infusion. PAF was effective at 10-fold lower doses in Krebs-albumin perfused compared to blood-perfused kidneys. These results indicate that exogenous @entity5567 is a potent and reproducible dilator of the @entity35 renal vasculature perfused with blood or Krebs-albumin solution but not albumin-free Krebs solution.

title: Reproducible vasodilatation by platelet-activating factor in blood- and Krebs-perfused XXXX kidneys is albumin-dependent.

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical @entity3522 and @entity6513 in reducing @entity3856 after photorefractive keratectomy. SETTING: Ophthalmology Department, Minjoz Hospital, Besan  on, France. METHODS: Seventy-four @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity6513 1% or @entity3522 0.1% after undergoing PRK. @entity6513 was instilled at 30 minute intervals for 24 hours. @entity3522 was instilled four times a day for 3 days. All @entity1 were allowed to use oral Diantalvic ( @entity1443 - @entity25995 ) as a rescue analgesic if the study medications failed to control the @entity3856 . @entity227 charts were used to record @entity158 levels every hour for 30 hours after surgery. A subjective questionnaire was to be completed by the @entity1 to evaluate discomfort every day for 3 days. Computer analysis of photography performed at D0, D1, D3, was used to evaluate the rate of epithelial closure. RESULTS: @entity1 had significantly more @entity158 . @entity1 in the @entity3522 group had significantly less @entity158 . No statistically significant difference was seen in the rate of epithelial closure. CONCLUSION: @entity3522 is more effective than @entity6513 to reduce @entity3856 and functional symptoms.

title: [ XXXX versus @entity3522 in the treatment of @entity158 following refractive photokeratectomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual analog pain']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac', 'Diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetracaine', 'tetracaine']

entities_list: @entity25995 :: ('MESH:C008667', 'Chemical') :: ['noramidopyrine']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['ocular pain']

answer: @entity6513 :: (MESH:D013748,Chemical) :: ['Tetracaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to enhance postoperative recovery, preoperative consumption of @entity1735 ( @entity435 ) drinks has been used to suppress metabolic fluctuations. Trace elements such as @entity219 and @entity920 are known to play an important role in postoperative recovery. Here, we examined the effects of preoperatively consuming a @entity435 drink containing @entity219 and @entity920 . METHODS: Subjects were 122 elective surgery @entity1 divided into two groups (overnight fasting and @entity435 groups); each group was further divided into morning or afternoon surgery groups. Subjects in the @entity435 group consumed 300 mL of a @entity435 drink the night before surgery, followed by 200 ml before morning surgery or 700 ml before afternoon surgery (> or =2 hours before anesthesia induction). Blood levels of @entity413 , nonesterified @entity1718 ( @entity3691 ), @entity904 -binding protein, @entity219 , and @entity920 were determined. RESULTS: One subject in the @entity435 group was excluded after refusing the drink. There were no adverse effects from the @entity435 drink. NEFA levels increased in the fasting groups. Although @entity219 levels increased in the @entity435 group immediately after anesthesia induction, no group differences were observed the day after surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative consumption of a @entity435 drink containing trace elements suppressed preoperative metabolic fluctuations without complications and prevented trace @entity1417 . Further beneficial effects during the perioperative period can be expected by adding trace elements to @entity435 supplements.

title: Effects of preoperative oral carbohydrates and trace elements on perioperative nutritional status in elective surgery XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['element deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the availability of effective treatment and well-publicized treatment guidelines for preventing @entity3604 , there are significant gaps in implementing the recommendations, and it is unknown how many @entity1 are treated for prevention of secondary @entity3604 . In this study, we investigate what percentage of @entity170 @entity1 were treated with antiosteoporotic drugs after @entity3604 of the hip, wrist, and proximal humerus, and we discuss here the need for improvement in the treatment of @entity170 following @entity174 . METHODS: We studied 422 @entity1 with @entity3604 , 91 @entity1 and 331 @entity1 , with an average age of 77.1 years (range, 52-102 years). The 422 cases consisted of 299 @entity173 , 97 @entity174 , and 26 proximal humerus @entity174 . All @entity1 underwent surgical intervention. The variables were examined to ascertain whether @entity170 @entity1 were medicated with antiosteoporotic drugs at postfracture. RESULTS: Fifty-five (13%) of the 422 patients received antiosteoporotic medication at postfracture. Pharmaceutical treatment was given in 44 cases (14.7%) of @entity173 , 8 cases (8.2%) of @entity174 , and 3 cases (11.5%) of proximal humerus @entity174 . Thirty-one (7.3% of total) of the 55 @entity1 were taking the same medication pre- and postfracture. Seven (1.7%) of the 55 were administered a different drug compared to before the @entity174 , and 17 (4%) started to take an antiosteoporotic drug for the first time subsequent to the @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: The present rate of treatment is insufficient given the high risk of secondary @entity174 and the availability of appropriate drugs that would reduce that risk.

title: Underutilization of antiosteoporotic drugs by orthopedic surgeons for prevention of a secondary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: A land application of dewatered municipal biosolids ( @entity18795 ) was conducted on an agricultural field in fall 2008 at a rate of 22Mg dry weight (dw) ha(-1). Pre- and post- application, hormone, @entity5068 and fecal indicator bacteria concentrations were measured in tile drainage water, groundwater (2, 4, 6m depth), surface soil cores, and @entity18795 aggregates incorporated in the soil (   0.2m depth) for a period of roughly 1year post-application. @entity9646 and @entity3150 were detected up to 1year post-application in soil and in @entity18795 aggregates. Hormone ( @entity29797 , @entity7281 , @entity1815 ) contamination was detected briefly in tile water samples (22d and    2months post-app), at lowngL(-1) concentrations (2-34ngL(-1)). @entity9646 were not detected in groundwater. @entity3150 were detected in tile water throughout the study period post-application, and multiple fecal @entity5068 ratios suggested biosolids as the source. @entity17621 concentrations in tile water peaked at >1000ngL(-1) (22d post-app) and were still >100ngL(-1) at 6months post-application. Fecal indicator bacteria were detected throughout the study period in tile water, groundwater (   2m depth), soil and @entity18795 aggregate samples. These bacteria were strongly linearly related to @entity17621 in tile water (R(2)>0.92, p<0.05). The limited transport of @entity9646 and @entity3150 to tile drainage networks may be attributed to a combination of the hydrophobicity of these compounds and limited macroporosity of the field soil. This transitory contamination from @entity9646 and @entity3150 is unlikely to result in any significant pulse exposure risk in subsurface drainage and groundwater.

title: @entity9646 , XXXX , and fecal indicator bacteria in groundwater, soil, and subsurface drainage following a high single application of municipal biosolids to a field.

entities_list: @entity9646 :: ('MESH:D006728', 'Chemical') :: ['hormones', 'Hormones']

entities_list: @entity29797 :: ('MESH:D000738', 'Chemical') :: ['androsterone']

entities_list: @entity3150 :: ('MESH:D013261', 'Chemical') :: ['sterols', 'Sterols']

entities_list: @entity7281 :: ('MESH:D017135', 'Chemical') :: ['desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity17621 :: ('MESH:D004083', 'Chemical') :: ['Coprostanol', 'coprostanol']

answer: @entity3150 :: (MESH:D013261,Chemical) :: ['sterols']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate retinal anatomy and segmentation errors from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging (MM5 protocol of RTVue-100; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA) in school-aged @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective cohort study in a referral medical center. METHODS: 133 eyes of 133 @entity1 were enrolled. @entity1 were grouped as those who were treated for @entity989 ( @entity6109 ) ( @entity6109 -Tx-group); those with spontaneously-regressed @entity6109 ( @entity6109 ); other premature @entity1 (premature group); and full-term age-matched @entity1 (full-term group). @entity1347 were evaluated by SD-OCT. RESULTS: The mean age at assessment was 9.5 years (range 4-16 years). The external limiting membrane (ELM) and the cone outer segment tips (COST) line were least frequently identified in @entity1 of the @entity6109 -Tx-group (65.2% and 47.8%, P = .002 and P < .001, respectively). The visual acuity of the @entity1 did not correlate significantly with the absence of COST line (P = .140) but correlated with the absence of ELM (P < .001). The presence of artifacts, including misidentification of the inner retina, misidentification of the outer retina, out of register artifacts, off-center scans, and degraded scan images, was observed to range from 0.6% to 50.0% in 4 groups of @entity1 . All types of errors occurred more frequently in the @entity6109 -Tx-group than the full-term group (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity989 were commonly observed in the @entity6109 -Tx-group. The higher segmentation errors in the @entity6109 -Tx-group might be related to fine @entity66 . Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms for these structural changes.

title: Outer Retinal Structural Alternation and Segmentation Errors in Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging in @entity1 with a History of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['structural abnormalities in the outer retina']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Outer retinal abnormalities', 'retinopathy of prematurity']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['Anatomy and segmentation errors of retina']

entities_list: @entity6109 :: ('MESH:C536382', 'Disease') :: ['ROP', 'ROP-non-Tx-group']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['Retinopathy of Prematurity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and imaging findings in young adults with single vertebra @entity378 presenting with @entity690 . METHODS: Six @entity1 with proven @entity378 of a single vertebra of the lumbar spine presenting with @entity690 were retrospectively evaluated. There were four male and two female @entity1 with a mean age of 27.6 years (range, 22-38 years). The clinical and imaging features (plain radiographs, CT and MRI) were studied in all six @entity1 . RESULTS: Involvement occurred from L1 to L5 vertebral levels. The @entity1 presented with @entity615 and tenderness but without any obvious @entity85 or cold abscess. In each case, imaging demonstrated a well-defined, solitary, lytic lesion of average diameter 1.6   cm with thin @entity3067 within a vertebral body. There were no fragments within the lesions and no paravertebral soft tissue extension around the affected vertebral bodies. The @entity378 eitology was confirmed by CT-guided biopsy in two @entity1 and by curettage of the lesion in four. CONCLUSION: @entity378 affecting a single vertebral body presenting with a localized @entity690 is an unusual form of single vertebra @entity378 . MRI combined with CT scan of the vertebral body can be very helpful for precisely defining the location of the lesion and extent of osseous destruction. Such small, solitary, @entity690 are often confused with other single vertebra diseases that can have similar appearances on imaging.

title: XXXX presenting with solitary localized osteolytic lesion in young adult lumbar spines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['local back pain']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['solitary osteolytic lesions', 'solitary osteolytic lesion', 'osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic margins']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of spine']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculous', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Single vertebra tuberculosis']


abstract: Surgical resection of liver metastases from @entity14 can offer long-term survival and cure in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 isolated to the liver. We present a case of a recurrent liver @entity3 from @entity5 , managed with ante-situm liver resection under total vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. A 58-year-old @entity1 , who was diagnosed with liver @entity3 from @entity5 underwent a left lateral sectionectomy in January 2006. A recurrent lesion developed 1 year after the first hepatectomy. The @entity5 was 5 cm in size, locating at segments I, IV, and @entity797 . It was involved in the origin of middle hepatic vein and retro-hepatic vena cava. We performed ante-situm liver resection under total vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass with hypothermic perfusion. The @entity1 remains well without recurrence for 12 months after the last operation. Ante-situm technique made it easy to approach and completely removes the recurrent lesion locating at hardly accessible site and having the incomplete removal risk by conventional liver resection. The authors also reconfirmed that repeat hepatectomy is valuable in recurrent @entity14 .

title: Ante-situm liver resection in recurrent liver @entity3 from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intractable @entity158 occurs as a result of extensive damage to soft tissue, bones and muscles after fusion of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Although different drugs and protocols have been suggested for @entity282 management, the best method of treatment has not been proposed yet. Therefore, this study tried to compare the efficacy of @entity3652 infusion and routine opioid administration on @entity282 . METHODS: A double-blind prospective randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 @entity1 candidate for fusion of lumbar spondylolisthesis. @entity1 were divided into two groups of A (treatment) and B (control). In group A, @entity158 was controlled by intravenous infusion of @entity3652 . @entity1286 was also administrated when the @entity1 scored their @entity158 above 4 on a visual analogue scale (VAS). In group B, intravenous infusions of @entity1286 were performed every 6 hours. VAS and whole dosage of @entity1286 were compared between two groups every 6 hours. RESULTS: @entity1286 and @entity3652 were both effective on @entity158 control. Mean values of @entity158 intensity at the first to fourth time points were 2.1, 1.8, 1.6, and 1.7 in group A and 3.9, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.5 in group B, respectively (p < 0.01 for all periods). However, @entity3652 was more efficient in @entity158 reduction during the first 24 hours (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3652 could be a good alternative analgesic after fusion of lumbar spondylolisthesis. However, the probable side effects should also be considered. @entity3652 infusion is more effective than @entity1286 on @entity282 control. In addition, tolerance to drug application is not a challenging problem at least during 24 hours after operation.

title: Analgesic effects of @entity3652 infusion on XXXX after fusion and instrumentation of the lumbar spine: a prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced anal @entity189 , although treatment-related side effects can affect @entity1 quality of life (QOL). The purpose was to prospectively evaluate the effects of Tomotherapy ( @entity101 ) based CCRT on @entity1 reported QOL in locally advanced @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 treated with @entity101 and concurrent @entity1487 / @entity1138 underwent QOL evaluation at baseline, after treatment, and during follow-up with EORTC core (QLQ-C30) and colorectal (QLQ-CR29) questionnaires. The QOL scores at baseline and post-treatment were compared. RESULTS: All C30 functional symptoms, except emotional and cognitive functioning, were impaired end-of-treatment and recovered by 3months follow-up. The majority of symptom scores were worse end-of-treatment but recovered by 3months except for @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ), @entity294 , @entity322 ( @entity322 ), and @entity546 which persisted. @entity1241 returned to baseline at 12months while @entity294 , @entity322 , and @entity546 persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Most impaired functions and symptoms following @entity101 based CCRT were temporary and improved by 3months post-therapy. Late complications affecting QOL were @entity1241 , sexual function, @entity322 , and @entity294 . Our observations support routine use of IMRT and emphasize the significance of precise evaluation of sexual, urinary, and anorectal functions before starting CCRT and routine incorporation of QOL evaluations.

title: XXXX reported quality of life after helical IMRT based concurrent chemoradiation of locally advanced @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'UI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin-C']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['canal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: An emerging strategy in biomanufacturing involves using transgenic plants to express recombinant pharmaceutical and industrial proteins in large quantities. b-Site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (b-secretase 1, @entity8120 ) is an enzyme involved in the abnormal production of Ab42, the major component of senile plaques in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Thus, @entity8120 represents a key target protein in the development of new potential drugs to treat @entity195 . We aimed to develop a @entity523 -derived recombinant @entity8120 ( @entity8120 ) protein to serve as a vaccine antigen that would promote an immune response. We utilized a plant expression cassette, pE8BACE, to optimize @entity8120 expression in @entity523 fruits. Polyemerase chain reaction and Southern blot analyses verified integration of the @entity8120 gene into the plant genome. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated successful mRNA and protein expression of @entity8120 , respectively; the Sensizyme assay kit estimated the expression level of @entity8120 protein at 136    7 ng mg      total soluble protein. The @entity523 -derived @entity8120 retains its activity for a long storage period at cool or room temperature, and is highly resistant to degradation in conditions such as low acidity. @entity523 -derived @entity8120 was severely degraded by heat or boiling. The proteolytic activity of @entity523 -derived @entity8120 , confirmed by fluorescence resonance transfer assay, was similar to that of a commercial sample of @entity526 -derived @entity8120 .

title: Expression analysis of human b-secretase in transgenic XXXX fruits.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: The @entity16067 gene machinery controls cellular metabolism, proliferation, and key functions, such as DNA damage recognition and repair. Dysfunction of the circadian @entity16067 is involved in tumorigenesis, and altered expression of some @entity16067 genes has been found in @entity5 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression levels of core @entity16067 genes in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to examine ARNTL1, @entity16067 , @entity307 , @entity5394 , @entity5395 , @entity26624 , @entity19344 , @entity28241 ( @entity28241 ), @entity31128 , and CSNK1? expression levels in the @entity5 tissue and matched apparently healthy mucosa of @entity14 @entity1 . In the @entity5 tissue of @entity14 @entity1 , compared to their matched healthy mucosa, expression levels of ARNTL1 (p=.002), @entity307 (p=.002), @entity5394 (p=.011), @entity5395 (p=.003), and @entity19344 (p=.012) were lower, whereas the expression level of @entity28241 (p=.044) was higher. No significant difference was observed in the expression levels of @entity16067 (p=.778), @entity26624 (p=.600), CSNK1 (p=.903), and @entity31128 (p=.136). As to the clinical and pathological features, a significant association was found between low @entity26624 expression levels in @entity5 mucosa and age (p=.026), and female sex (p=.005), whereas high @entity26624 expression levels in @entity5 mucosa were associated with @entity5 location in the distal colon (p?=?.015). Moreover, high @entity28241 mRNA levels in the @entity5 mucosa were prevalent whenever proximal lymph nodes were involved (p= .013) and associated with TNM stages III-IV (p=.005) and microsatellite instability (p=.015). Significantly poorer survival rates were evidenced for @entity14 @entity1 with lower expression in the @entity5 tissue of @entity307 (p=.010), @entity5395 (p= .010), and CSNKIE (p=.024). In conclusion, abnormal expression levels of core @entity16067 genes in @entity14 tissue may be related to the process of tumorigenesis and exert an influence on host/ @entity5 interactions.

title: @entity16067 gene expression levels and relationship with clinical and pathological features in @entity14 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the morphology of the proximal humerus in growing @entity1 . This study reports bilateral magnetic resonance imaging measurements in @entity1 with @entity717 from birth palsy, hypothesizing that @entity1141 alters normal humeral sphericity and symmetry. METHODS: We studied 25 @entity1 with unilateral @entity717 (mean age, 3.7 years) for humeral shape by bilateral magnetic resonance imaging studies at the mid-glenoid level. Local radii of curvature were compared for symmetry and orientation. RESULTS: Neither side showed uniform radii (sphericity), but normal humeri showed symmetry lost in @entity1141 . @entity717 were correlated with flattening of the anterior humeral head (P  = .0002). All heads were flatter in the region of articular contact. The skew axis (the largest cross-sectional diameter of the proximal humerus) was collinear with the articular surface centerline in normal humeri, an alignment often lost with @entity1141 , resulting in a skew axis angle. The severity of @entity85 correlated with progressive posterior displacement of the humeral head center (P < .0003). CONCLUSION: The normal humeral articular surface in the young @entity1 is not spherical and is flatter in the middle than at the periphery but is symmetric about its central axis. @entity717 result in loss of this symmetry with characteristic flattening of the anterior humeral head and development of a skew axis angle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Posterior displacement of the humeral head center of rotation beyond 50% of the calculated head radius warrants vigilance and possibly surgical intervention because there is a high likelihood for development of a pseudoglenoid.

title: Geometry of the proximal humeral articular surface in young @entity1 : a study to define normal and analyze the XXXX due to brachial plexus birth palsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Internal rotation contractures', 'internal rotation contractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['glenoid deformity']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the outcomes of @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with a running vesicourethral @entity254 and catheter removal on postoperative day 3 or 5. METHODS: From February 2006 through December 2007, 55 @entity1 underwent RRP at our institution. All procedures were performed by a single surgeon using a running suture for the vesicourethral @entity254 . A cystogram was carried out before catheter removal in all @entity1 . The initial 23 of 55 @entity1 (Group 1; n = 23) had the cystogram on postoperative day 5, the other 32 @entity1 (Group 2; n = 32) had the cystogram on postoperative day 3. Removal of the catheter was only carried out if there was no anastomotic extravasation. RESULTS: The success rate of catheter removal in group 1 and 2 was 100% and 96.9%, respectively. Overall continence rates were 83.3%, 87% and 90.7% at 24, 48 and 72 h after removal of the catheter, respectively. There was no significant difference in terms of continence rate between groups 1 and 2. None of the @entity1 had acute urinary retention and/or anastomotic stricture after catheter removal. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that an advanced running vesicourethral @entity254 during RRP is technically feasible, allowing safe early catheter removal in most @entity1 .

title: Radical retropubic prostatectomy with running vesicourethral XXXX and early catheter removal: our experience.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is one of the @entity5 associated with @entity4309 ( @entity4309 ). To advise on screening for this @entity5 it is paramount to be informed about the lifetime risk. The aim of this study was to calculate the lifetime risk of @entity5 in @entity4309 and to identify possible risk factors. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data were collected on 1496 proven or putative carriers of a mismatch repair gene mutation from 189 families. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the lifetime risk and to assess potential risk factors. RESULTS: 28 (1.9%) of the 1496 (putative) mutation carriers were identified with @entity5 . The median age at diagnosis was 52 years (range 23-69 years). The lifetime risk of developing @entity5 was 4.2%. There was no difference in risk between males and females (log rank: p = 0.2470), or between @entity6756 and @entity4311 mutation carriers (log rank: p = 0.2754). @entity5 was not observed in @entity4638 mutation carriers (n = 203). The previous occurrence of @entity14 and a family history of @entity5 did not increase the risk significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately, one out of 25 mutation carriers will develop @entity5 during life. No specific risk factors were identified. The risk appeared to be too low to advise screening by means of an invasive burdensome procedure like double balloon enteroscopy. However, screening by a non-invasive procedure (videocapsule endoscopy) might be considered if future studies will show its cost effectiveness. In @entity1 with unexplained abdominal complaints and/or unexplained @entity68 deficiency @entity417 @entity5 should be considered.

title: Is surveillance of the small bowel indicated for XXXX families?

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Small bowel cancer', 'SBC', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ), the relative contribution of culprit versus non-culprit lesions to subsequent major adverse @entity299 (MACE) after @entity583 ( @entity583 ) remains unknown. Elucidating this relationship will shed light on the contributions of @entity27 to the advancement of @entity453 . METHODS: In a cohort of 105 @entity1 who underwent an overnight sleep study after @entity583 , 98 were diagnosed with @entity27 ( @entity894 ( @entity894 ) >= 5). The clinical outcomes at 5-year follow-up were determined. MACE was defined as a composite of @entity204 , reinfarction and repeat revascularisation. A culprit lesion was defined as the lesion involved in the initial @entity583 , and a non-culprit lesion as any lesion in the entire coronary tree outside the culprit lesion. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (median @entity894 : 28.1) developed MACE, of whom 12 presented with reinfarction and 6 with repeat revascularisation for stable @entity951 . There was no @entity204 . Based on repeated coronary angiography, the MACE was related to the culprit lesion in 4 @entity1 and the non-culprit lesion in 12 @entity1 . The lesion responsible for the MACE was indeterminate in 2 @entity1 , as coronary angiography was declined. The median duration from index @entity583 to culprit lesion-related and non-culprit lesion-related MACE were 10.5 and 20   months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of MACE among @entity1 with @entity27 and @entity583 was 18.4%, and most of the events were related to non-culprit lesions rather than the culprit lesion during the initial @entity583 .

title: Culprit versus non-culprit lesion related adverse @entity299 in XXXX with @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['AHI', 'Apnoea-Hypopnoea Index']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this work is to review the @entity616 and foraminal epidurals performed at a single institution to determine the incidence and types of immediate complications and @entity158 relief associated with @entity616 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study entailed a comprehensive review of the radiographs and reports of 296 injections performed in 225 examinations on 153 @entity1 (60 @entity1 and 93 @entity1 ). The overall mean age was 51.93 years (mean age for @entity1 , 50.71 years [range, 22-85 years]; mean age for @entity1 , 53.09 years [range, 18-84 years]). The data were later analyzed with contingency tables and chi-square tests. RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 4.1% (12/296). Complication rates at the different needle tip positions measured on frontal and lateral fluoroscopic views did not approach statistical significance (p = 0.15). Complications were higher with cephalocaudal flow outside local flow (p = 0.02). No serious complications occurred except for one pneumothorax, which could have been avoided. Immediate partial or complete @entity158 relief was obtained in 88.5% (262/296) of the injections and 88.4% (199/225) of the examinations. CONCLUSION: Fluoroscopically guided @entity616 are safe procedures and provide immediate partial or complete @entity158 relief in a high percentage of @entity1 .

title: Immediate complications and XXXX relief associated with 296 fluoroscopically guided @entity616 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic foraminal nerve blocks']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to measure changes in plasma @entity1955 (T4) concentrations occurring in male and female @entity5872 in response to treatment with dietary @entity27758 (TU) and different @entity2723 levels prior to sexual maturity and to determine the influence of selection for growth under TU and protein stress on this response. Selected and unselected lines of quail were fed diets containing .2% TU or two levels of @entity2723 (20 or 28%) or both from 0 to 4 wk of age. Body weight and plasma T4 were measured at 5, 7, and 9 wk of age in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, body weight was measured at 2, 4, 5, 7, and 9 wk and T4 at 4, 7, and 9 wk. @entity27758 inhibited growth to a greater degree than did decreased dietary @entity2723 . However, offspring from selected quail were more resistant to dietary TU when selection diets contained TU. When fed as part of a selection regimen rather than to unselected birds, low @entity2723 , TU diets inhibited body weight increase to a greater degree and longer after birds were returned to control diets. @entity1955 concentrations between 4 and 9 wk were affected by TU but not by @entity2723 level. @entity27758 significantly reduced T4 during treatment; however, T4 was elevated by 3 wk after cessation of TU treatment. Increases in T4 were greater and more immediate in selected than in unselected birds. These findings reveal the ability of quail to compensate for thyroid suppression after TU is removed from the diet and the influence of selection on this compensatory response.

title: Effects of selection on plasma @entity1955 concentrations in XXXX under @entity27758 and protein stress.

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity27758 :: ('MESH:D013889', 'Chemical') :: ['thiouracil', 'Thiouracil']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Demographic features of @entity779 have changed tremendously in Pakistan over the past two decades. Small scale studies from all over the country have reported different aspects of individual outbreaks during this time. However, there is scarcity of data looking at the overall trend of @entity778 in the country. In this study, we examined annual trends, seasonality, and clinical features of @entity779 in the Pakistani population. METHODS: Demographic information and @entity779 IgM status of all @entity1 tested for @entity779 IgM antibody at Aga Khan University Hospital from January 2003 to December 2007 were analyzed to look for trends of IgM-positive cases in Pakistan. In addition, clinical and biochemical parameters were abstracted retrospectively from medical records of all @entity1 hospitalized with IgM-proven @entity779 between January 2006 and December 2007. These @entity1 were categorized into @entity779 and @entity7643 according to the WHO severity grading scale. RESULTS: Out of a total of 15,040 @entity1 (63.2% male and 36.8% female), 3952 (26.3%) tested positive for @entity779 IgM antibody. 209 IgM proven @entity779 @entity1 were hospitalized during the study period. During 2003, IgM positive cases were seen only during the months of July-December. In contrast, such cases were detected throughout the year from the 2004-2007. The median age of IgM positive @entity1 decreased every year from 32.0 years in 2003 to 24.0 years in 2007 (p<0.001). Among hospitalized @entity1 , @entity390 was the most common presenting feature found in 124/209 (59.3%) @entity1 . @entity1 presented with a higher median body temperature than adults (p=0.010). In addition, @entity1398 was seen more commonly in @entity1 while raised serum ALT levels were seen more commonly in adults (both p=0.006). While a low total white cell count was more common in @entity1 with @entity779 as compared to @entity7643 (p=0.020), @entity1398 (p=0.019), monocytosis (p=0.001) and raised serum ALT level (p=0.005) were observed more commonly in the latter group. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue virus is now endemic in Pakistan, circulating throughout the year with a peak incidence in the post monsoon period. Median age of @entity779 @entity1 has decreased and younger @entity1 may be more susceptible. Total and differential leukocyte counts may help identify @entity1 at risk of @entity548 .

title: Demographic and clinical features of XXXX in Pakistan from 2003-2007: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus infection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: The cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has been reported to affect the development of preantral follicles. However, the effect of cryopreservation of ovarian tissue on the development of primordial follicles remains to be elucidated. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation on the development of frozen-thawed @entity19 primordial follicles. One-day-old @entity19 ovaries were cryopreserved by either slow-freezing or a vitrification method. The development of primordial follicles was evaluated histologically and also with markers for follicle development such as: @entity32645 , inhibin-alpha subunit and ZP3 in fresh and frozen-thawed ovaries cultured for five days. The proportion of apoptotic and @entity39 areas was analyzed in fresh and frozen-thawed ovaries at one and five days after culture, in order to examine the @entity43 that influence primordial follicle development. The development rate of primordial follicles was significantly lower in slow-frozen and vitrified ovaries than the fresh controls after five days of in vitro culture (P<0.05). The mRNA expression for all developmental markers was slightly decreased in the frozen-thawed ovaries; this difference was not significant. The proportion of apoptosis was significantly increased in the slow-frozen and vitrified ovaries compared to the fresh ovaries at one day (P<0.05); however, there was no difference at five days after culture. The proportion of the area of @entity39 was significantly higher in slow-frozen and vitrified ovaries compared to the fresh ovaries at one and five days after culture (P<0.05). Our preliminary data suggest that ovarian tissue cryopreservation using slow-freezing and vitrification methods inhibits development of primordial follicles. This may be caused by the death of ovarian cells through apoptosis and @entity39 after cryopreservation.

title: Cryopreservation of the XXXX ovary inhibits the onset of primordial follicle development.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['viability of ovarian cells']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In 1956, secretory granules were detected via electron microscopy in the @entity1 atria by Kisch. This remarkable discovery signaled the beginning of a new field of research that decades later has lead to the concept of the heart as an endocrine organ and the establishment of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system. In 1981, deBold and colleagues identified from the atrial myocardium the first member of the NP family, @entity955 . Thereafter, new members of this growing family of cardiac hormones were identified and investigated. The successful story of B-type or brain NP ( @entity3876 ), from its discovery to its use in the diagnosis and prognosis of @entity65 and later as a tool in the treatment of acute @entity712 , have since taken place. However, the use of peptides as chronic therapies has been limited by enzymatic degradation. Chronic administration of @entity3876 , particularly in disease states like @entity101 and early @entity712 , could be effective as an antihypertensive therapy and in delaying progression of @entity299 . To date, the use of @entity3876 is limited to @entity1 with acute decompensated @entity712 , but new strategies are under investigation to extend the use of chronic @entity3876 in less severe stages of @entity65 . Innovative technologies have been recently developed that allow protection of proteins from enzymatic degradation, making feasible oral administration of small proteins such as @entity3876 . This review will focus on the potential role of @entity3876 as a new chronic therapeutic strategy in the treatment of @entity65 and will summarize our recent report of the development and in vivo evaluation of orally active @entity1 @entity3876 .

title: Oral brain natriuretic peptide: a novel strategy for chronic protein therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial NP']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Discovery of positive lymph nodes (LNs) in @entity1 with @entity5 is important prognostically, may direct adjuvant therapy, and may have therapeutic benefit. The purpose of this Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) analysis was to assess the value of lymphadenectomy (LND) in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The 17-registry SEER database was searched for @entity1 treated for @entity5 between 1988 and 1998. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were reported with a minimum of 5-year follow-up. Chi-square analysis and log-rank test were used to compare @entity1349 and @entity1349 . RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1998, 4,059 of 12,882 @entity1 underwent LND for @entity5 and were registered. By stage, 2,653 of 7,621 stage I, 341 of 2,042 stage II, 814 of 1,986 stage III, 251 of 1,233 stage IV, and 28 of 226 stage @entity3480 @entity1 underwent LND. Of these, 778 stage III and 210 stage IV @entity1 had a +LN. @entity1 who underwent LND had improved @entity1349 (P = 0.001). @entity1349 was significantly increased for each stage after LND. @entity1349 increased based on number of nodes resected. @entity1349 increased up to 15 nodes resected (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This SEER analysis of 12,882 @entity1 suggests that LND benefited @entity1 with @entity5 and @entity1349 was improved.

title: Lymphadenectomy for @entity1 with XXXX : is it of value?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervix cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'ES', 'expected survival', 'Observed survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigate what role stage at diagnosis bears in international differences in @entity43 survival. METHODS: Data from population-based @entity5 registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, and the UK were analysed for 20,073 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity43 during 2004-07. We compare the stage distribution between countries and estimate stage-specific one-year net survival and the excess hazard up to 18 months after diagnosis, using flexible parametric models on the log cumulative excess hazard scale. RESULTS: One-year survival was 69% in the UK, 72% in Denmark and 74-75% elsewhere. In Denmark, 74% of @entity1 were diagnosed with FIGO stages III-IV disease, compared to 60-70% elsewhere. International differences in survival were evident at each stage of disease; @entity1 in the UK had lower survival than in the other four countries for @entity1 with FIGO stages III-IV disease (61.4% vs. 65.8-74.4%). International differences were widest for older @entity1 and for those with advanced stage or with no stage data. CONCLUSION: Differences in stage at diagnosis partly explain international variation in @entity43 survival, and a more adverse stage distribution contributes to comparatively low survival in Denmark. This could arise because of differences in @entity5 biology, staging procedures or diagnostic delay. Differences in survival also exist within each stage, as illustrated by lower survival for advanced disease in the UK, suggesting unequal access to optimal treatment. Population-based data on @entity5 survival by stage are vital for @entity5 surveillance, and global consensus is needed to make stage data in @entity5 registries more consistent.

title: Stage at diagnosis and XXXX survival: evidence from the International @entity5 Benchmarking Partnership.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ) is a @entity1 @entity74 characterized by chromosome instability, @entity5 predisposition, and cellular @entity56 to DNA crosslinking agents. The @entity11807 pathway regulates the repair of DNA crosslinks. A critical step in this pathway is the monoubiquitination and deubiquitination of @entity27797 . Deubiquitination of @entity27797 is mediated by the ubiquitin protease, @entity27798 . Here, we demonstrate that targeted deletion of @entity19 @entity27798 results in elevated perinatal lethality, @entity4810 , crosslinker @entity56 , and an @entity11807 phenotype. @entity27798 (-/-) @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts had heightened levels of monoubiquitinated @entity27797 in chromatin. @entity27798 (-/-) cells exhibited impaired @entity27797 foci assembly and a defect in homologous recombination repair. Double knockout of @entity27798 and @entity27797 resulted in a more severe phenotype than either single knockout. Our results indicate that @entity19 @entity27798 functions downstream in the @entity11807 pathway. Deubiquitination is a critical event required for @entity27797 nuclear foci assembly, release from chromatin, and function in DNA repair.

title: Inactivation of @entity19 XXXX results in genomic instability and a @entity11807 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia', 'FA']

answer: @entity27798 :: (230484(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Usp1']


abstract: A new clinico-pathologic entity is described. It is defined as @entity9051 of long bones, and is based on twenty two personal observations to which are added seventeen cases from the literature. This @entity66 is clearly differentiated from @entity82 by clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics and by its clinical course. These features may be summarised as follows: 1) Slight predominance of the male sex. 2) Very early age of onset either at birth or in the first years of life. 3) Site almost exclusively tibial, sometimes also in the fibula. Localisation predominantly in the middle third of the tibial diaphysis, but sometimes in the distal or proximal third. In the fibula, it is always at the distal third. 4) The lesion is painless and generally causes @entity1283 . There is often slight anterior bowling and more rarely, slight varus of valgus bowing. @entity174 may occur; rarely there is a @entity1516 . 5) The radiographic appearances are very characteristic, with enlargement of the bone, intracortical @entity690 with thinning or disappearance of the external cortex, sclerotic reaction on the medullary aspect, and narrowing of the medullary canal. 6) The histological features are also typical, consisting of fibrous tissue enclosing bone trabeculae lined by osteoblasts and a "zonal" architectural pattern. 7) Sometimes the lesion tends to heal spontaneously in the very early years of life; in other cases it is moderatley progressive. It relapses frequently after curettage, but such recurrences are generally non-progressive. In some cases slight anterior bowing persists permanently. 8) Surgery should be restricted to @entity1 over the age of five in whom the lesion is extensive, with imminent or actual pathological @entity174 , and to the rare cases of @entity1516 . The results are good even in cases of relapse or @entity1516 . The correction of residual bowing, if indicated, can safely be carried out with one or more osteotomies at the age of ten to twelve years.

title: XXXX of long bones a new clinical entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasic congenital lesion']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['bony enlargement']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity9051 :: ('MESH:C563276', 'Disease') :: ['osteofibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudarthrosis']

answer: @entity9051 :: (MESH:C563276,Disease) :: ['Osteofibrous dysplasia']


abstract: A study was made of 45 @entity1 suffering from @entity627 ( @entity730 ). There were 36 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 aged between 15 and 61 years with an average age of 14. The following joints were involved (the first figure refers to clinical affection, that between brackets to radiologically demonstrable @entity730 ): shoulder 34 (36); neck 14 (15); wrist 18 (11); fingers 19 (17); hip 11 (29); knee 14 (18); ankle 10 (14); foot 5 (6); spinal column 16 (24). In 30 @entity1 the disease manifested itself in the form of acute recurrent @entity625 resembling @entity210 . In 8 cases, it developed in the form of acute recurrent @entity625 resembling @entity210 . In 8 cases, it developed in the form of acute @entity625 and in 7 as @entity309 without @entity75 . Thirty-two @entity1 could be followed up. Four of them were cured, 9 showed improvement but still suffered attacks of @entity158 . Eighteen @entity1 were not improved, their @entity158 growing more chronic. Four @entity1 had a family history of @entity730 .

title: [ XXXX ( @entity730 ). I.- Clinical study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['hydroxyapatite rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['radiological lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications', 'multiple tendon calcifications disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Hydroxyapatite rheumatism']


abstract: @entity519 augments @entity3765 ( @entity3765 ) binding and @entity3765 protein expression in venous SMC ( @entity263 ). We compared effect of acute and prolonged @entity519 (pO(2)<40 torr) on @entity3765 -mediated responses in arterial SMC (SMC-PA) and @entity263 . Cells were studied for 30 min (acute) or for 48 h (prolonged) @entity519 and compared to normoxic (pO(2) ~100 torr) conditions. PAF binding was quantified in fmol/10(6) cells (mean    SEM). PAF binding in normoxia were SMC-PA, 5.2    0.2 and in @entity263 , 19.3    1.1; values in acute @entity519 were SMC-PA, 7.7    0.4 and in @entity263 , 27.8    1.7. @entity1162 produced 6-fold increase in binding in SMC-PA, but only 2-fold increase in @entity263 , but binding in @entity263 was still higher. Acute @entity519 augmented @entity19260 release by 50% and 40% in SMC-PA and @entity263 , respectively. During normoxia, @entity3765 mRNA expression by both cell types was similar, but expression in @entity519 by SMC-PA was greater. In SMC-PA, @entity519 and PAF augmented intracellular @entity460 flux. Re-exposure of cells to 30 min normoxia after 48 h @entity519 decreased binding by 45-60%, suggesting immediate down-regulation of @entity519 -induced @entity3765 -mediated effects. We speculate that re-oxygenation immediately reverses @entity519 effect probably due to @entity26 tension-dependent reversibility of @entity3765 activation and suggest that exposure of the neonate to prolonged state of @entity519 will vilify @entity26 exchange capacity of the neonatal lungs.

title: XXXX modulates platelet activating factor receptor-mediated responses by fetal ovine pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['Prolonged hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['Prolonged hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity28 paradox phenomenon has been found in different populations, such as @entity712 and @entity301 , which suggest that @entity1 with established @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and with normal weight had higher risk of mortality than those with overweight or @entity28 . However, the @entity28 paradox is controversial among @entity1 with @entity6 which has been considered as the @entity301 equivalent. The aim of our study was to summarize current findings on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 and make a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched previous studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases using the keywords: BMI, mortality, @entity6 , and @entity28 paradox or reverse epidemiology. Finally, sixteen studies were identified and 385,925 @entity1 were included. @entity1 were divided into five groups based on BMI (kg/m(2)) levels: underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), mild @entity28 (30-34.9), and morbid @entity28 (>35). A random effect meta-analysis was performed by the inverse variance method. RESULTS: As compared with the normal weight, the underweight had higher risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-1.91]. In contrast, the overweight and the mild @entity28 had lower risk of mortality than the normal weight (HR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96, and 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-1.00, respectively), but the morbid @entity28 did not (HR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.84-1.16). In addition, the subgroup analysis by sex showed that the overweight had the lowest mortality as compared with the normal weight (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.90) and the @entity28 in males, but the risk of mortality did not differ among groups in females. Notably, the heterogeneity was significant in most of group comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis showed a U-shaped relationship between BMI and all-cause mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 . The significant heterogeneity among studies suggested that many confounders such as sex difference may affect the association.

title: Association of body mass index with all-cause mortality in @entity1 with XXXX : a systemic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity3001 is a @entity66 common in childhood. It is an acute and persistent @entity281 caused by the spirochete @entity2069 (Bb) which is transmitted by Ixodes ticks. After the tick bite in summer, @entity8831 , meningoradiculoneuritis, or @entity2401 may develop within the same season. Later manifestations may be oligo- @entity625 , progressive @entity1651 , or @entity9145 chronica @entity2641 . The most common course is probably asymptomatic. @entity281 is possible. Diagnosis is established mainly by history and clinical manifestations. The antibody response to Bb can be measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Tests may be false-negative early in the course of the disease or after early treatment. False-positive results may be caused by cross-reactions. Interpretation of test results must also consider unrelated anamnestic titres or @entity4092 . Treatment with appropriate antibiotics cures the disease in most @entity1 , however some @entity1 may not respond. The optimal drug has not yet been found. @entity3987 is by early removal of the tick from the skin.

title: Childhood XXXX in Europe.

entities_list: @entity2641 :: ('MESH:D011038', 'Disease') :: ['atrophicans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme borreliosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Connatal infection', 'anthropozoonotic infection']

entities_list: @entity3987 :: ('MESH:D057826', 'Disease') :: ['Best prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity9145 :: ('MESH:D000169', 'Disease') :: ['acrodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic infection']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme borreliosis']


abstract: EGF receptor transactivation and activation of EGF-dependent signaling pathways under @entity1457 conditions were studied. Heating A431 cells at 42 degrees C induced both EGF receptor @entity669 phosphorylation and appearance of phosphorylated forms of key components of its downstream signaling pathways - phospholipase Cgamma1 ( @entity7985 ), transcription factor @entity4104 , and @entity36026 . It is suggested that EGF receptor is transactivated under @entity1457 in A431 cells. Pretreatment of heat-shocked cells with a specific inhibitor of EGF receptor @entity669 kinase tyrphostin @entity20830 does not prevent EGF receptor and @entity36026 @entity669 phosphorylation. In contrast, @entity20830 abrogates @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity7985 and @entity4104 . This suggested that the intrinsic EGF receptor @entity669 kinase is not involved in EGF receptor transactivation, but is sufficient for @entity7985 and @entity4104 activation in stress conditions. The effect of a conditioned medium of heated cells was investigated to check whether autocrine mechanism is involved in EGF receptor transactivation. The conditioned medium of heated cells induced both @entity669 phosphorylation of EFG receptor and @entity1366 . Simultaneously, neither @entity7985 , not @entity4104 phosphorylation were detected. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated the involvement of autocrine mechanism in EGF receptor transactivation under heat stress in A431 @entity189 cells, but additional intracellular events are essential for activation of EGF receptor downstream signaling pathways.

title: [EGF-dependent signaling pathways are activated under heat stress in A431 XXXX cells].

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND CASE REPORT: The use of organs from donors with central nervous systems (CNS) @entity5 is controversial discussed. We present a 1 year old @entity1 , who was admitted for torticollis. A computer tomography detected a large @entity5 in the posterior cranial fossa. The @entity5 was resected, but postoperatively a malignant @entity4 occurred, being resistant to standard treatment. After @entity1620 was established and permission was given, organ donation was performed. All grafts showed good initial functions and no complications. METHODS: We investigated the evidence for transplantation of organs from donors with central @entity5 . RESULTS: The Australia and New Zealand Combined Dialysis and Transplant Registry, the United Network for Organ Sharing and Hornik et al., reported three transmissions of a @entity463 multiforme in 958 recipients, who received grafts from donors with CNS @entity5 . In contrast the Israel Penn International Tumor Registry suggests that transmission is more common: 62 organs were transplanted, 14 cases showed transmission. All cases of @entity2946 , showing transmission were associated with ventriculoperitoneal shunt. In summary, 1 020 organs of CNS @entity5 were transplanted, 17 cases were identified with @entity5 transmission from CNS @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Organ donors where @entity1620 is established suffering from @entity1313 should not be generally regarded as contraindications for an organ transplant. Organs from @entity1 with risk factors (e. g. ventriculoperitoneal shunt) should be excluded from the donor pool as transmission is more likely. The risk of donor transmitted @entity5 should be weight against the urgency to receive a transplant graft.

title: Organ donor with unclear primary XXXX , a contraindication for transplantation? Case report of a one year old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'nervous malignancies', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fresh vegetable produce is abundant during the winter season in Punjab. It is an important source of vitamins and minerals in the Punjabi diet, but the availability of @entity620 and @entity2066 from the vegetables is altered to varying degrees when they are subjected to traditional household processing methods. OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of traditional cooked vegetable dishes as sources of @entity620 and @entity2066 among urban and rural families during the winter. METHODS: Information about vegetable consumption, storage, and cooking practices was collected from 60 families, 30 each from urban and rural areas of Ludhiana District, Punjab, India. Samples of the common cooked vegetable dishes were prepared in the laboratory by methods ascertained from the survey and analyzed for @entity620 and @entity2066 . RESULTS: The average total daily per capita consumption of vegetables by urban and rural families was 411.7 and 365.9 g, respectively. Cooked vegetable dishes provided 68.7% of the total vegetable intake for urban families and 85.0% for rural families. On average, the edible portion constituted 78.9% of the weight of the vegetables. Ten cooked vegetable dishes that were most frequently consumed by the families (mustard saag, @entity415 - @entity2772 , @entity415 -fenugreek, @entity415 -brinjal, @entity415 -cauliflower, @entity415 -capsicum, @entity415 - @entity10786 , @entity415 -beans, @entity415 - @entity3587 , and cabbage- @entity3587 ) were selected for preparation in the laboratory and nutritional analysis. The average concentrations of @entity620 and @entity2066 in the cooked vegetable dishes were 46.0 mg/100 g and 794.2 microg/100 g fresh weight, respectively. The percentage losses of @entity620 and @entity2066 during preparation and cooking were 26.1% and 25.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: For adult Indian @entity1 and @entity1 , the recommended dietary allowance of @entity620 is 40 mg, and that of @entity2066 is 2,400 microg. Cooked vegetable dishes provided 269.9% and 77.5% of the recommended dietary allowances of @entity620 and @entity2066 , respectively, indicating that these dishes are good sources of these nutrients in the diets of both urban and rural families during the winter season.

title: Traditional cooked vegetable dishes as important sources of XXXX and @entity2066 in the diets of Indian urban and rural families.

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: Despite available medications for @entity2299 , many treated @entity1 still have suboptimal lipid levels. The aim of this study was to examine the extent of @entity2299 in United States adults. Of 2509 United States adults aged >= 18 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010, 1,129 (41.8% weighted) had @entity407 on the basis of modified treatment guidelines for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 according to risk category or pharmacologic treatment. Of these, 484 (42.4%) were treated with lipid-modifying therapy, and the proportions of subjects who still had LDL @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , @entity1674 , or non-HDL @entity165 not at recommended levels were examined. In this cohort treated for @entity407 , the mean age was 60.1    14.9 years, and 52% were @entity1 . Only 36.5% of subjects receiving treatment for @entity407 were at goal or normal levels for all 3 lipids (LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and @entity1674 ). LDL @entity165 remained higher than goal for 37.5% of subjects, 28.9% had low HDL @entity165 , and 36.3% had elevated @entity1674 . One, 2, and 3 lipid parameters were at abnormal levels in 32.4%, 23.0%, and 8.2% of subjects, respectively; 36.5% had no @entity4977 . In addition, 38.6% of treated subjects were above non-HDL @entity165 goal, and even in those at LDL @entity165 goal, 12.9% were not at non-HDL @entity165 goal. Those with @entity65 conditions had poorer goal attainment of LDL @entity165 , HDL @entity165 , and composite all lipids than those without @entity65 . In conclusion, despite widely available treatments for @entity2299 , many @entity1 remain at suboptimal lipid levels, indicating need for greater adherence to lifestyle and medical therapies to address these gaps in the management of @entity2299 .

title: XXXX among United States adults treated with lipid modifying therapy (data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2010).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['residual dyslipidemia', 'dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4977 :: ('MESH:D052439', 'Disease') :: ['lipid disorder']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Residual dyslipidemia']


abstract: Here we provide the first pharmacological exploration of the impact of acute central nervous system exposure to three recently developed @entity23854 (GHS-R1A) ligands on food intake and on the electrical activity of the target cells for @entity9315 in the hypothalamus. Central (i.c.v) injection of GHS-R1A antagonists to @entity35 suppressed food intake induced by i.c.v @entity9315 injection (1 microg) in a dose-dependent manner with a total blockade at concentrations of 0.4 microg and 8 microg for JMV 3002 and @entity32818 respectively. JMV 2810, a partial agonist, also suppressed @entity9315 -induced food intake (range: 0.02-2 microg). Moreover all three compounds reduced fasting-induced food intake in @entity35 (i.e. the amount of food eaten during the first hour of food exposure after a 16 h fast). At the single cell level we also explored the effects of the compounds to suppress @entity9315 (0.5 microM)-induced changes in electrical activity of arcuate nucleus cells recorded extracellularly in a slice preparation. Preincubation followed by perfusion with the GHS-R1A ligands suppressed the responsiveness of arcuate cells to @entity9315 . Thus, the recently developed GHS-R1A ligands (JMV 3002, 2959 and 2810) suppress @entity9315 -induced and fasting-induced food intake at the level of the central nervous system. This appears to be mediated, at least in part, by a modulation of the activity of @entity9315 -responsive arcuate nucleus cells. As the central @entity9315 signalling system has emerged as an important pro- @entity28 target, it will be important to establish the efficacy of these GHS-R1A ligands to reduce fat mass in clinical studies.

title: Anorexigenic and electrophysiological actions of novel @entity23854 (GHS-R1A) antagonists in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: Genetic instability plays an important role in @entity43 . We investigated the level of telomere @entity3207 and genomic instability in early and preinvasive stages of @entity43 , serous @entity189 (STIC), and @entity43 ( @entity43 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Fifty-one @entity43 from prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomies with @entity5345 or 2 mutation, 12 STICs, 53 @entity43 , and 36 noncancerous controls were laser capture microdissected from @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded sections, analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) and for telomere length (using quantitative real-time PCR based on the Cawthon's method). @entity43 and STICs were defined by morphologic scores and immunohistochemical expressions of @entity876 , Ki67, and yH2AX. RESULTS: @entity43 showed marked telomere @entity3207 compared with noncancerous controls (P < 10(-7)). STICs had even shorter telomeres than @entity43 (P = 0.0008). @entity43 had shorter telomeres than controls but longer than STICs and @entity1141 . In @entity43 , telomeres were significantly shorter in those with @entity5345 mutation than in those with @entity2674 mutation (P = 0.005). In addition, yH2AX expression in @entity43 and STIC groups with short telomeres was significantly increased (P < 10(-7)). In @entity6349 epithelium, we found subtle genomic alterations, in contrast to more important genomic imbalances in STICs. The total number of genetic alterations was the highest in @entity43 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that genetic instability occurs in early stages of ovarian tumorigenesis. STICs and noninvasive @entity1141 are likely an important step in early @entity43 .

title: Early telomere XXXX and genomic instability in tubo-ovarian preneoplastic lesions.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'TOD', 'tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma', 'Ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer', 'serous ovarian neoplasia', 'ovarian carcinogenesis', 'tubo-ovarian dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['tubal intraepithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity3207 :: (MESH:C535850,Disease) :: ['shortening']


abstract: PURPOSE: We introduce a simple procedure to prevent @entity86 after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. We developed the @entity169 prevention procedure based on our prior study. Patent processus vaginalis is an independent predictor of @entity169 after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 74 @entity1 (98 groins) with patent processus vaginalis during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy between May 2007 and April 2013. Of these @entity1 38 (47 groins) did not undergo the @entity169 prevention procedure and 36 (51 groins) were treated with this procedure. For the @entity169 prevention the lateral side internal inguinal floor of the patent processus vaginalis was incised and dissected along the spermatic cord. Hemostatic agents were plugged into the end of the dissected canal. After plugging, the internal inguinal floor was closed. We compared the incidence of @entity86 between the 2 groups. RESULTS: Among the 47 groins of the @entity1 who did not undergo the @entity169 prevention procedure, @entity86 occurred in 16 groins (34.0%) and developed by a mean of 13.8    8.5 months. In contrast, none of the @entity1 who underwent the @entity169 prevention procedure experienced @entity86 during the followup of 11.8    6.2 months. This @entity169 prevention procedure required approximately 3 extra minutes. During followup there were no intraoperative or postoperative complications related to the @entity169 prevention procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Using our simple @entity169 prevention procedure, the preventive effect was remarkable. However, studies in a larger @entity1 population with a longer followup should be performed to prove the ultimate clinical impact of this @entity169 prevention procedure.

title: A simple procedure to prevent XXXX after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a plugging method of the internal inguinal floor for @entity1 with patent processus vaginalis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative inguinal hernia']


abstract: The facial flat wart (verruca plana) is one of the most common reasons for dermatology and primary care visits. Although there are many therapeutic modalities, no single therapy has been proven to be completely curative. Case reports and uncontrolled studies suggested that photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topical @entity2518 ( @entity6053 ) can effectively treat recalcitrant @entity4891 . A total of 12 @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity4891 were enrolled in the study. @entity6053 gel (10  %) was applied topically to lesions and incubated for 3  h. The lesions were irradiated by an LED light of 630        10  nm at dose levels of 60-100  mW/cm. Clinical assessment was conducted before and after every treatment for up to 24  weeks. Among the ten @entity1 completing three sessions of @entity6053 -PDT, five had complete lesions clearance, and the other five @entity1 were significantly improved. At the 24-week follow-up, the average effective rate was 88.8  %, with no recurrences. No significant side effects were reported. A low-dose topical @entity6053 -PDT regimen using 10  % @entity6053 , 3  h incubation, and a red light source for three treatment sessions are suggested as the optimal scheme for the treatment of recalcitrant flat warts on the face in Chinese @entity1 . Superior efficacy is found in elevated or active period lesions with mild side effects.

title: Off-label photodynamic therapy for recalcitrant XXXX using topical @entity2518 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['facial flat warts']

answer: @entity4891 :: (MESH:D014860,Disease) :: ['facial flat warts']


abstract: @entity11162 ( @entity11162 ) is classically described as a triad of chronic nonbloody, watery @entity294 , normal or nearly normal endoscopy findings, and @entity694 without a thickened subepithelial collagen table (SECT). It is unknown how often @entity1 with @entity694 without a thickened SECT actually present with this classic triad. Cases diagnosed histologically as lymphocytic or @entity3178 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion were the presence of at least 15 surface lymphocytes per 100 epithelial cells and the absence of a thickened SECT (<12 microm). Clinical features and course were recorded by chart review and telephone follow-up. Forty @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, including 25 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 with a mean age of 63.2 years (range, 25-83 years). Twenty-eight @entity1 had the classic triad and were designated as having classic @entity11162 . The other 12 @entity1 fulfilled the histologic criteria but not the clinical or endoscopic criteria for classic @entity11162 and were classified as having atypical @entity11162 ( @entity1142 , five @entity1 ; macroscopic @entity1960 at endoscopy, five @entity1 ; @entity360 , one @entity1 ; and incidental finding, one @entity1 ). Clinically, @entity1 with classic @entity11162 were predominantly @entity1 and had a higher incidence of @entity792 (p = 0.03) than did those with atypical @entity11162 . Histologically, surface @entity1712 was significantly greater in @entity1 with classic @entity11162 (p = 0.04). Twenty @entity1 were using nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs at the time of their colonic biopsy. Surface epithelial lymphocyte counts were higher in these @entity1 , particularly in the distal sigmoid colon (p = 0.02). Fourteen @entity1 had associated @entity792 , including three @entity1 with sprue diagnosed by small bowel biopsy, all of whom responded to gluten withdrawal. @entity294 present in 25 @entity1 , without documented evidence of celiac sprue, was self-limited in five, resolved with treatment in three, required intermittent treatment in eight, daily treatment in five, and was refractory to treatment in four. All eight @entity1 who experienced spontaneous or treatment-related symptom resolution had classic @entity11162 . No histologic feature correlated with clinical course. In conclusion, our study shows that @entity694 without a thickened SECT is a histologic finding seen in a heterogeneous group of @entity1 . Within this heterogeneous group is a distinct subset of @entity1 who have the classic clinicopathologic triad of @entity11162 . This subset of @entity1 has striking similarities to @entity1 with @entity4143 , lending further support to a close relationship between these two entities. Atypical @entity11162 comprises a heterogeneous group and includes @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1142 , coexisting @entity11162 and @entity29 , and possibly infectious colitides. Because of the clinical heterogeneity among our study population, the descriptive term @entity694 may be a more prudent diagnosis than @entity11162 in the absence of adequate clinical information.

title: XXXX without a thickened subepithelial collagen table: a clinicopathologic study of 40 cases supporting a heterogeneous entity.

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphocytic colitis', 'lymphocytic colitis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic epithelial lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['hematochezia']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colonic epithelial lymphocytosis']


abstract: The behavioral effects of the antidepressants @entity7831 , @entity13095 , @entity752 , and @entity2645 were examined using a @entity2072 substitution drug self-administration procedure in @entity6599 and a @entity2072 drug discrimination procedure in @entity35 . Intravenous self-administration of the antidepressants was examined in @entity6599 under conditions in which baseline responding was maintained by intravenous injections of @entity2072 @entity5828 (0.32 mg/kg/injection). Drug was available under a fixed-ratio 80-response or 160-response schedule of intravenous injection. Each drug injection was followed by a 3-h time-out allowing a maximum of eight injections per day. The antidepressants or their vehicles were substituted for @entity2072 for a period of 15 days, followed by a return to the @entity2072 baseline. @entity7831 , @entity13095 and @entity752 all maintained self-administration behavior at levels above those maintained by their respective vehicles. Some doses of @entity7831 , @entity13095 , and @entity752 maintained levels of behavior similar to those maintained under baseline @entity2072 conditions. High doses of @entity2645 maintained levels of behavior above those maintained by its vehicle, but the amount of behavior maintained under these conditions was extremely small. In a second experiment @entity35 were trained to discriminate 32 mumol/kg @entity2072 ( @entity16308 min presession) from no drug in a two-lever food reinforced drug discrimination procedure in which responding on one lever was reinforced following ten consecutive responses when the session was preceded by @entity2072 administration, while responding on the other lever was similarly reinforced in the absence of @entity2072 pretreatment. @entity2072 , @entity7831 , @entity13095 , and @entity752 all dose-dependently occasioned @entity2072 -appropriate responding. @entity2645 did not occasion @entity2072 -appropriate responding over a range of behaviorally active doses.

title: Self-administration in XXXX and the discriminative stimulus effects in @entity35 of @entity752 , @entity7831 , @entity13095 and @entity2645 .

entities_list: @entity7831 :: ('MESH:D009627', 'Chemical') :: ['nomifensine', 'Nomifensine']

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine', 'Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity13095 :: ('MESH:C031292', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofensine']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: Dietary @entity4663 ( @entity6559 ) @entity7224 (PUT), @entity11667 (SPD) and @entity8037 (SPM) participate in an array of roles in @entity1 metabolism. Nevertheless, under some physiological conditions they can be undesirable. Meat and meat products are among important sources of PAs in @entity1 nutrition, mainly of SPM. The usual contents of PUT, SPD and SPM in fresh beef and pork are <2, <5 and 20-40mgkg(-1), respectively. Current information on changes of PAs during meat storage corresponds with PUT formation by bacterial activity mainly of pseudomonads and Enterobacteriaceae. However, data on SPD and SPM changes during meat chill-storage have been inconsistent. Culinary processing of meat probably does not change SPD and SPM levels. PUT can be formed in different meat products in relation to the microbial population of the raw materials used and the hygienic level of manufacturing process. SPD and SPM contents seem to remain stable during processing of non-fermented meat products or decrease during dry-cured ham ripening. PUT contents increase commonly to 60-140mgkg(-1) in dry spontaneously fermented sausages, however, contents up to several hundreds mgkg(-1) are not extraordinary. Starter cultures are usually able to decrease PUT formation considerably. SPD and SPM contents in dry fermented sausages are comparable with levels typical for fresh meat. Data on SPD and SPM changes during ripening and storage are inconsistent. A decrease of the both @entity4663 during a storage period has been usually reported.

title: Biologically active XXXX in beef, pork and meat products: A review.

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity4663 :: (MESH:D011073,Chemical) :: ['polyamines']


abstract: Isolated limb perfusion (ILP) is currently considered the standard treatment for @entity320 @entity1 with extensive in-transit disease, and @entity3601 , combined or not with @entity310 , represents the most active drug. We here report on our clinical experience with @entity310 -based limb perfusion. Thirty-seven stage III @entity1 underwent @entity310 -based limb perfusion, 22 with bulky disease, 15 with recurrences after perfusion with @entity3601 . Ten @entity1 were enrolled in a phase I-II study and treated with escalating doses of @entity310 (0.5-3 mg). The impact of disease burden, temperature, perfusion duration was assessed on @entity5 response. No postoperative death was observed. No significant systemic @entity137 was recorded. @entity137 was G5 in one @entity1 , G3 in 2, G2 in 9 and G1 in 25. Twenty-four (66%) @entity1 had complete response, 11 (31%) partial and 1 (3%) no change. After a median follow-up of 20 months 14 (38%) @entity1 are NED, 10 (27%) are AWD and 13 (35%) DOD. No significant statistical difference for @entity5 response were seen for disease burden, ILP temperatures and duration. Our results showed that it is possible to modify the perfusion schedule, without compromising the response rate but with lower cost and @entity137 .

title: @entity310 -based limb perfusion for cutaneous XXXX in transit metastases: suggestions for modification of the perfusional schedule.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Locoregional toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is a debilitating disease with poorly defined aetiology. Multiple signals are involved in directing the formation of cartilage during development and the @entity904 derivatives, the @entity4878 , figure prominently in embryonic cartilage formation. In the present study, we examined the expression of a @entity554 -regulated gene in @entity19 models of @entity571 . METHODS: Mild and moderate forms of an @entity571 -like @entity179 were created in the @entity19 stifle joint by meniscotibial transection ( @entity1500 ) and partial meniscectomy (PMX), respectively. Joint histopathology was scored using an @entity571 Research Society International (OARSI) system and gene expression ( @entity8334 , @entity21272 , @entity430 and @entity19918 ) in individual joints was determined using TaqMan quantitative PCR on RNA from microdissected articular knee cartilage. RESULTS: For @entity1500 , there was a significant increase in the joint score at 10 weeks (n = 4, p < 0.001) in comparison to sham surgeries. PMX surgery was slightly more severe and produced significant changes in joint score at six (n = 4, p < 0.01), eight (n = 4, p < 0.001) and 10 (n = 4, p < 0.001) weeks. The expression of @entity8334 was increased in both surgical models at two, four and six weeks post-surgery. In contrast, @entity21272 and @entity430 for the most part showed no significant difference in expression from two to six weeks post-surgery. @entity19918 expression is induced upon activation of the @entity554 signalling pathway. At two weeks after surgery in the @entity1500 and PMX animals, @entity19918 expression was increased about 18-fold and about 10-fold over the sham control, respectively. By 10 weeks, @entity19918 expression was increased about three-fold (n = 7, not significant) in the @entity1500 animals and about five-fold (n = 7, p < 0.05) in the PMX animals in comparison to the contralateral control joint. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings suggest that the @entity554 signalling pathway is activated early in the osteoarthritic process and is sustained during the course of the disease.

title: The retinoic acid binding protein @entity19918 is increased in @entity19 models of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative joint disease']