abstract: A study was conducted to assess the effect of substituting high levels of dietary fish oil (FO) and fishmeal (FM) for vegetable oil (VO) and plant protein (PP) on the intestinal @entity1426 (AA) cascade in the carnivorous fish species @entity12178 . Four diets were fed to salmon over a period of 12 months, including a control FMFO diet, with varying replacements of plant-derived ingredients: 80 % PP and 35 % VO; 40 % PP and 70 % VO; 80 % PP and 70 %VO. Subsequently, fish were examined pre- (0 h) and post- (1 h) acute stress for blood parameters and intestinal bioactive lipidic mediators of @entity32 (prostaglandins). Plasma @entity701 responses were greatest in the FMFO group, while 80 % PP and 70 % VO fish exhibited increased plasma @entity2865 concentrations. The n-3:n-6 @entity5204 ratio in intestinal glycerophospholipids from 70 % VO groups significantly decreased in both proximal and distal regions due to elevated levels of 18 : 2n-6 and the elongation/desaturation products 20 : 2n-6 and 20 : 3n-6. Increases in n-6 @entity5204 were not concomitant with increased AA, although the AA: @entity8393 ratio did vary significantly. The 40 % PP and 70 % VO diet produced the highest intestinal AA:EPA ratio proximally, which coincided with a trend in elevated levels of PGF2alpha, @entity1421 and @entity9077 in response to stress. @entity1421 predominated over PGF2alpha and @entity9077 (stable metabolite of PGI2) with comparable concentrations in both intestinal regions. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was an order of magnitude higher in distal intestine, compared with proximal, and was significantly up-regulated following stress. Furthermore, the 80 % PP and 70 % VO diet significantly amplified proximal COX-2 induction post-stress. Results demonstrate that high replacements with plant-derived dietary ingredients can enhance COX-2 induction and synthesis of pro-inflammatory @entity1813 in the intestine of salmon in response to acute physiological stress.

title: The combined impact of plant-derived dietary ingredients and acute stress on the intestinal XXXX cascade in @entity12178 ( @entity12178 ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12178 :: ('8030', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic salmon']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-PGF1alpha']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) can mediate inhibition via pre- and post/extrasynaptic @entity1246 receptors. In this paper we demonstrate potentially post/extrasynaptic @entity1246 (B) receptor-dependent tonic inhibition in L2/3 pyramidal cells of @entity35 medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in vitro. First, we show via voltage-clamp experiments the presence of a tonic @entity1246 (B) receptor-dependent outward current in these neurons. This @entity1246 (B)ergic current could be induced by ambient @entity1246 when present at sufficient concentrations. To increase ambient @entity1246 levels in the usually silent slice preparation, we amplified network activity and hence synaptic @entity1246 release with a modified artificial cerebrospinal fluid. The amplitude of tonic @entity1246 (B) current was similar at different temperatures. In addition to the tonic @entity1246 (B) current, we found presynaptic @entity1246 (B) effects, @entity1246 (B)-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents and tonic @entity1246 (A) currents. Second, we performed current-clamp experiments to evaluate the functional impact of @entity1246 (B) receptor-mediated inhibition in the mPFC. Activating or inactivating @entity1246 (B) receptors led to rightward (reduction of excitability) or leftward (increase of excitability) shifts, respectively, of the input-output function of mPFC L2/3 pyramidal cells without effects on the slope. Finally, we showed in electrophysiological recordings and epifluorescence @entity141 -imaging that @entity1246 (B) receptor-mediated tonic inhibition is capable of regulating network activity. Blocking @entity1246 (B) receptors increased the frequency of excitatory postsynaptic currents impinging on a neuron and prolonged network upstates. These results show that ambient @entity1246 via @entity1246 (B) receptors is powerful enough to modulate neuronal excitability and the activity of neural networks.

title: GABAB receptor-dependent modulation of network activity in the XXXX prefrontal cortex in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Atopy is a growing problem for Korean @entity1 . Since @entity7784 is a precursor of less active inflammatory @entity1813 , n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) may have a protective effect on @entity402 . This study was undertaken to determine whether n-3 @entity5204 in red blood cells (RBC) is lower in @entity1097 . Three hundred and eight Korean @entity1 aged 4-6 years were enrolled. Total RBC @entity844 composition was measured by gas chromatography. The prevalence of @entity483 , @entity2023 , or @entity565 was 29%. Total RBC n-3 @entity5204 were lower in preschoolers with @entity402 than controls (9.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 11.4 +/- 1.6%; P<0.05), while n-6 @entity5204 (33.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 32.2 +/- 1.0%; P<0.05) and n-6/n-3 @entity5204 ratio (3.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.5; P<0.05) were greater. The following factors were also associated with an increase in @entity402 : higher saturated @entity1718 (39.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 40.6 +/- 1.9; P<0.05) and @entity1426 (15.3 +/- 1.6 vs. 16.0 +/- 2.9; P<0.05), and lower total @entity5204 (43.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 42.8 +/- 1.4; P<0.05) and omega-3 index ( @entity8393 + @entity4601 ; 9.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 7.8 +/- 0.5; P<0.05) in RBC. Maternal history of @entity402 was a significant (P<0.05) risk factor, while lactation was not. The results suggest that a reduced content of n-3 @entity5204 in the RBC membrane could play a role in early @entity1 @entity402 .

title: N-3 @entity1474 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic than in non-atopic preschoolers']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity402 :: (MESH:C564133,Disease) :: ['atopy in Korean preschoolers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tibial spiking (i.e., spurring of tibial spines), eburnation, and @entity5040 are considered features of @entity571 . This investigation employed direct inspection of the medial and lateral tibial plateaus in paleopathological specimens to analyze the frequency and morphological features of @entity571 and to define any relationship between the size of @entity5040 and that of the intercondylar tibial spines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 35 tibial bone specimens were evaluated for the degree of @entity571 and presence of eburnation. Each plateau was also divided into four quadrants and the presence and size of bone outgrowths were recorded in each quadrant. The "medial/lateral tibial intercondylar spine index" for each specimen was calculated as follows: (medial/lateral intercondylar tibial spine height)/(anteroposterior width of the superior tibial surface). The relationships between medial and lateral tibial height indexes with the degree of @entity571 were then tested. RESULTS: Osteophytes were observed more frequently in the anterior quadrants of both tibial plateaus than in the posterior quadrants (29 vs 16 for the medial tibial plateau [p = 0.01] and 28 vs 20 for the lateral tibial plateau [p = 0.04]). Eburnation was seen more frequently in the posterior regions of both tibial plateaus than in the anterior regions (17 vs 5, p < 0.01). In specimens with no signs of @entity571 the lateral intercondylar tibial index was significantly lower than that in specimens with some degree of @entity571 (p = 0.02). The medial intercondylar tibial index of the specimens with no signs of @entity571 was not significantly different from that of the specimens with some degree of @entity571 (p = 0.45). There was a positive correlation between the lateral spine height index and the overall grading of @entity571 , (r = 0.6, p < 0.01). In the anteromedial and posteromedial quadrants of the lateral tibial plateau, the association between the lateral intercondylar tibial spine index and the grade of @entity5040 was 0.5 (p < 0.01) and 0.7 (p < 0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION: Spiking of the lateral tibial intercondylar spine is associated with @entity5040 formation and @entity571 . Eburnation occurs mainly in the posterior parts of the tibial plateaus while @entity5040 arise mainly in the anterior parts. These findings suggest that stresses occurring in the flexed knee may contribute to many of the morphological @entity854 .

title: XXXX and their relationship with the height of the tibial spines of the intercondylar eminence: paleopathological study.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes', 'osteophyte']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity5040 :: (MESH:D054850,Disease) :: ['Proximal tibial osteophytes']


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that adjuvant anti- @entity148 medication may be helpful for @entity1 with @entity345 ( @entity345 ) even after a successful canalith repositioning procedure (CRP). OBJECTIVE: Although the CRP is an effective treatment for @entity345 , many @entity1 suffer from persistent @entity1296 despite successful CRPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adjuvant anxiolytic medication on residual @entity1296 after successful CRP. METHODS: Between January 2011 and March 2011, 73 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity345 and they underwent successful treatment with CRPs. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to either the medication group or the control group. The @entity1 in the medication group were prescribed low dose etizolam for 2 weeks whereas the @entity1 in the control group were not prescribed any medication. All @entity1 were scheduled to return 2 weeks after evaluation of subjective visual vertical. Subjective symptoms before and after CRP were measured using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in DHI scores. However, the medication group showed significantly greater decrease in the functional (p = 0.018) and emotional (p = 0.030) subscale scores, as well as in the total DHI (p = 0.038) score.

title: Anxiolytics reduce residual XXXX after successful canalith repositioning maneuvers in @entity345 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity345 :: ('MESH:D065635', 'Disease') :: ['BPPV', 'benign paroxysmal positional vertigo']

answer: @entity1296 :: (MESH:D004244,Disease) :: ['dizziness']


abstract: The effects of @entity1 ACTH on plasma @entity4322 , @entity413 , @entity493 , and @entity880 levels were determined in the unfed @entity8575 shark ( @entity8575 ). Serial blood samples were collected from a cannula implanted in the dorsal aorta. The metabolite levels were estimated by standard enzymatic procedures for 4 days before treatment and for 4 days after treatment. Plasma @entity413 , @entity493 , and @entity880 , but not @entity4322 , declined after the surgery, but the metabolites were relatively stable for at least 48 hr before treatment. ACTH (40 units/kg) or the control solution were infused via the cannula after the morning blood sample on postoperative Day 4 and again after the 12-hr blood sample. Control plasma @entity4322 , @entity413 , and @entity880 did not change significantly, but @entity493 levels increased approximately 29% by 96 hr when sampling ended. Plasma @entity4322 levels were not significantly changed by ACTH treatment. Plasma @entity413 levels increased approximately 36% by 3 hr after ACTH infusion, remained elevated following the second ACTH treatment, and then declined to approximately the initial levels by 96 hr. Plasma @entity493 levels increased approximately 53% by 0.75 hr after ACTH treatment, were still approximately 15% greater than the initial levels by 12 hr, rose again after the second ACTH infusion at 12 hr, and then declined to near the control levels by 96 hr. Plasma @entity880 levels increased approximately 107% by 1.5 hr after ACTH infusion and then decreased to approximately 22% greater than the initial levels by 12 hr. @entity880 levels increased after the second ACTH infusion and remained approximately 58% greater than the initial levels when sampling ended at 96 hr. The results indicate that the pituitary-adrenocortical axis hormones do not directly influence plasma @entity4322 levels. However, the data support the suggestion that the @entity1602 action of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis hormones is mediated, at least in part, by the provision of @entity493 and @entity880 substrates for gluconeogenesis.

title: Effects of @entity1 ACTH on potential fuels and gluconeogenic substrates in the plasma of the XXXX shark ( @entity8575 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity8575 :: ('7797', 'Species') :: ['Squalus acanthias', 'spiny dogfish']

entities_list: @entity4322 :: ('MESH:D020155', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-hydroxybutyrate']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity8575 :: (7797,Species) :: ['spiny dogfish']


abstract: The expression of the proliferation-associated antigen Ki-67 was studied in @entity1 @entity263 . The antigen was analyzed with an immuno-histochemical technique in TUR specimens. A correlation was seen between Ki-67 positivity and differentiation grade. All TUR specimens (15/15) with poorly differentiated @entity189 expressed the antigen. Moderately differentiated @entity189 constituted an intermediate group and slightly less than half of the @entity5 (12/27) were positive for the antigen. Only one of the highly differentiated @entity189 (1/12) expressed the antigen. All TUR specimens from @entity1 with @entity1067 (8/8) were negative. The effect on Ki-67 positivity was also investigated in a @entity1 @entity263 heterotransplanted to @entity19 and subjected to ionizing irradiation with or without concomitant @entity12749 treatment. The antigen expression was compared with that seen in @entity5 tissues from untreated @entity19 and from @entity19 treated with @entity12749 alone. A pronounced effect was seen in the combination treatment group with an approximately 50% reduction of the Ki-67 positive cells. The results are discussed in relation to prognosis and follow-up after radiation therapy and the possible use of @entity12749 in combination with radiation therapy.

title: Expression of Ki-67--a proliferation-associated antigen--in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: Aberrant Right Subclavian Artery (ARSA) is a @entity395 . It is though the most frequent @entity154 involving the aortic arch, being present in about 1% of the general population. We present a case of a 71 year old male with symptoms of chronic cough and @entity1282 . He was referred to our clinic for further evaluation of a mediastinal mass. A second Computed Tomography of the thorax was performed, this time with the use of i.v. contrast. The latter examination confirmed the diagnosis (ARSA), sparing the @entity1 of invasive and potentially life threatening diagnostic procedures (invasive angiography, mediastinoscopy). This case highlights the significant pitfalls regarding the mediastinal evaluation, especially when i.v. contrast is not used. The majority of the mediastinal structures are vessels. @entity854 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a mediastinal mass.

title: A rare cause of XXXX --aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA).

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Vessels abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare vascular anomaly']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: A decrease in cardiac output in @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity384 is compensated by stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system and the @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system. The increase in plasma @entity1063 and depletion of @entity1063 in the myocardium as well as the disturbance of beta-adrenal and baroreceptor function reflect the limits of the sympathetic nervous stimulation. Together with augmented levels of @entity2178 and vasopressin, this stimulation leads to a significant increase in systemic vascular resistance. Sustained stimulation of at least one of these mechanisms can cause further impairment of the left ventricular function. The severity and prognosis of @entity712 due to @entity384 is expressed by the plasma @entity1063 concentration and by its myocardial depletion. Ultimately, activation of the compensatory mechanisms provides the basis for therapeutic approaches: 1. reduction of afterload and systemic vascular resistance and/or 2. diminution of the sympathetic nervous activity. For about the last ten years, @entity1289 inhibitors have been used as pharmacological treatment in addition to positive inotropic and vasodilating substances. @entity3371 , one of the first orally applicable drugs, reduces left ventricular filling pressure, pulmonary capillary pressure, systemic vascular resistance and increases the cardiac output. Beside the hemodynamic improvement, a decrease in plasma @entity1063 and @entity1369 can be observed. Vasodilators and alpha-blocking agents can also reduce afterload and systemic vascular resistance in @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity384 , and may lead to hemodynamic improvement. The main limitations of their long-term application are relatively short duration of action, reflex activation of the @entity916 -angiotensin system due to vasodilation and induction of tolerance.

title: [Sympathetic activity in @entity1 with @entity712 due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: effect of XXXX inhibitors and other vasodilators].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['ACE']


abstract: @entity209 , a conglomerate of @entity28 , insulin resistance, @entity2299 , and @entity101 has been linked with an increased risk of @entity0 . We investigated the possible association of highly aggressive triple-negative @entity0 . Information on @entity5 characteristics were reviewed in a cohort of 176 @entity1 (including 86 triple-negatives). Retrospective comparison was performed using Pearson Chi-square test or Student's t test for data analysis. A statistically significant association of triple-negative @entity0 was observed. In accordance with the NCEP (National @entity165 Education Program) definition, 58.1% of triple-negative @entity1 had @entity209 compared to only 36.7% of non-triple-negative @entity1 (P = 0.004). Consistently, by the AACE (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists) criteria, 52.3% of triple-negative @entity1 had @entity209 as compared to 34.4% of non-triple-negative @entity1 (P = 0.017). Blood @entity413 , @entity412 , and HDL levels but not @entity101 or BMI (body mass index) showed significant independent association with @entity0 . Additionally, triple-negative @entity5 displayed a significantly higher histological grade and relative @entity513 in situ (DCIS) when compared to the non-triple-negative @entity5 (P < 0.001). Our study suggests that @entity209 is significantly more prevalent in @entity0 @entity1 as opposed to non-triple-negative @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity0 showed a significantly higher histological grade and a relative absence of DCIS. Whether the presence of @entity209 preferentially increases the risk of developing @entity0 remains to be elucidated with future prospective studies.

title: The association of @entity209 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer and the metabolic syndrome', 'breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancer', 'breast cancer with the metabolic syndrome', 'triple-negative-breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome components and tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['paucity of ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple-negative breast cancer']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether @entity1 with recurrent @entity1643 display a different pattern of mood fluctuations across days than matched healthy controls and whether these mood states are related to @entity158 occurrence and/or magnitude using a prospective design. The questions addressed are whether mood states prior to a @entity158 episode are associated with the episode or whether mood relates to @entity158 as a secondary reaction. Similarly, the relationship between mood state recorded prior to, during or following @entity158 and magnitude of @entity158 experienced was investigated. Thirty-three ambulatory chronic @entity1643 @entity1 and an equivalent group of asymptomatic controls matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and reported activity level monitored mood state ( @entity148 , @entity2701 , @entity308 , anger, vigor, @entity1295 , @entity911 ) and @entity158 before breakfast, at 4 p.m. and at bedtime for 14 consecutive days. Groups were successfully matched. Analyses revealed significantly higher levels of @entity2701 , @entity148 and @entity1295 and lower levels of vigor in the @entity158 cases. No mood state was predictive of @entity158 onset but @entity1295 was associated with @entity158 24 h following @entity158 , indicating @entity1295 as secondary to @entity158 . While mood state recorded prior to or following @entity158 was unable to predict magnitude of @entity158 , @entity1295 was associated with the level of @entity158 experienced during the @entity158 episode itself. The findings reveal a pattern of @entity148 , @entity2701 and @entity1295 where @entity1295 is associated with @entity158 during the @entity158 episode and is increased 24 h following @entity158 . This @entity158 relationship is superimposed upon a continuous elevation of @entity148 and @entity2701 . These findings suggest the importance of @entity158 management efforts directed at decreasing @entity1 ' @entity1295 levels, and increasing functional endurance while simultaneously reducing @entity148 . The results also question the role of negative mood states in the initiation or exacerbation of @entity158 and highlights the influence of physical mood states such as @entity1295 on @entity158 .

title: A prospective analysis of stress and @entity1295 in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'fatigue-pain', 'pain', 'pain in low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of clinical and socioeconomic variables as determinants of adherence to recommended @entity6 care guidelines and assess differences in the process of care between diabetologists and general practitioners. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We identified @entity6 residents in Torino, Italy, as of 31 July 2003, using multiple independent data sources. We collected data on several laboratory tests and specialist medical examinations registered during the subsequent 12 months and performed regression analyses to identify associations with quality-of-care indicators based on existing guidelines. RESULTS: After 1 year, only 35.8% of @entity1 had undergone a comprehensive assessment. In the multivariate models, factors independently and significantly associated with lower quality of care were age >or=75 years (prevalence rate ratio [PRR] 0.66 [95% CI 0.61-0.70]) and established @entity65 (0.89 [0.86-0.93]). Disease severity (PRR for insulin-treated @entity1 1.45 [1.38-1.53]) and diabetologist consultation ( @entity6765 .34 [3.17-3.53]) were positively associated with high quality of care. No clear association emerged between sex and socioeconomic status. These differences were strongly reduced in @entity1 receiving diabetologist care compared with @entity1 receiving general practitioner care only. CONCLUSIONS: Despite widespread availability of guidelines and simple screening procedures, a nonnegligible portion of the @entity6 population, namely elderly individuals and @entity1 with less severe forms of the disease, are not properly cared for. As practitioners in @entity6 centers are more likely to adhere to guidelines than general practitioners, quality in the @entity6 care process can be improved by increasing the intensity of disease management programs, with greater participation by general practitioners.

title: Determinants of quality in XXXX care process: The population-based Torino Study.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: @entity1619 cells are known to mediate @entity99 /reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the precise mechanisms and subsets of @entity1961 (+) T cells that contribute to this injury are still controversial. Therefore, we sought to determine the contributions of different @entity1961 (+) T cell subsets during @entity5721 . Wild-type, OT-II, or @entity10988 -deficient @entity19 were subjected to 90 min of partial @entity99 followed by 8 h of reperfusion. Additionally, wild-type @entity19 were pretreated with anti- @entity776 , - @entity11386 , or - @entity3783 antibodies before I/R injury. OT-II @entity19 had diminished @entity99 compared with wild-type @entity19 , implicating that antigen-dependent activation of @entity1961 (+) T cells through TCRs is involved in @entity5721 . @entity10988 knockout @entity19 had decreased hepatic neutrophil accumulation, suggesting that gammadelta T cells regulate neutrophil recruitment. We found that natural killer T (NKT) cells, but not NK cells, contribute to @entity5721 via @entity776 -dependent activation of their TCRs, as depletion of NKT cells by anti- @entity776 antibody or depletion of both NKT cells and NK cells by anti- @entity11386 attenuated @entity99 . Although regulatory T cells (Treg) are known to suppress T cell-dependent @entity32 , depletion of Treg cells had little effect on @entity5721 . The data suggest that antigen-dependent activation of @entity1961 (+) T cells contributes to @entity5721 . Among the subsets of @entity1961 (+) T cells, it appears that gammadelta T cells contribute to neutrophil recruitment and that NKT cells directly injure the liver. In contrast, NK cells and Treg have little effects on @entity5721 .

title: Distinct contributions of @entity1961 + T cell subsets in XXXX /reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10988 :: ('110066(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TCR-delta', 'T cell receptor (TCR)-delta']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic I/R injury']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'hepatic ischemia']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic ischemia']


abstract: Cognitive processes require a functional interaction between specialized multiple, local and remote brain regions. Although these interactions can be strongly altered by an acquired @entity1545 , brain plasticity allows network reorganization to be principally responsible for recovery. The present work evaluates the impact of @entity1545 on functional connectivity patterns. Networks were calculated from resting-state magnetoencephalographic recordings from 15 brain injured @entity1 and 14 healthy controls by means of wavelet coherence in standard frequency bands. We compared the parameters defining the network, such as number and strength of interactions as well as their topology, in controls and @entity1 for two conditions: following a @entity131 and after a rehabilitation treatment. A loss of delta- and theta-based connectivity and conversely an increase in alpha- and beta-band-based connectivity were found. Furthermore, connectivity parameters approached controls in all frequency bands, especially in slow-wave bands. A correlation between network reorganization and cognitive recovery was found: the reduction of delta-band-based connections and the increment of those based on alpha band correlated with Verbal Fluency scores, as well as Perceptual Organization and Working Memory Indexes, respectively. Additionally, changes in connectivity values based on theta and beta bands correlated with the @entity1 Competency Rating Scale. The current study provides new evidence of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying neuronal plasticity processes after @entity1545 , and suggests that these changes are related with observed changes at the behavioural level.

title: Reorganization of functional connectivity as a correlate of cognitive recovery in acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: Gonadal function was evaluated in 23 @entity1 (aged 14.8-28.8 years) treated in childhood with cytotoxic drugs for a solid @entity5 . Group 1 (N = 14) had been treated with non-alkylating drugs only, while group 2 (N = 9) received the alkylating drug @entity786 in addition (range 3.8-19.5 g/m2). Median age at the start of treatment was 4.6 years (range 0.6-16.1) in group 1 and 13.9 years (range 3.7-16.9) in group 2. Data of the @entity1 were compared with a reference group consisting of 14 normal @entity1 . Almost all @entity1 of both groups showed normal development of puberty; 13 of the 14 @entity1 in group 1 showed normal hormonal values. In group 2, basal LH and FSH as well as the LH and FSH responses to @entity1176 showed higher levels compared to those of a reference group (p less than 0.001). Correlation analysis showed an evident correlation between the total dose of received @entity786 and the basal FSH level (r = 0.78; p = 0.002), the FSH response to @entity1176 (r = 0.73; p = 0.002) and the LH response to @entity1176 (r = 0.67; p = 0.002). There was no correlation between the hormonal parameters and the doses of the other cytotoxic drugs. Semen analysis showed @entity3893 in four @entity1 of group 2 and in none of group 1. Two @entity1 in group 2 had an elevated FSH response to @entity1176 while their semen analysis was normal. CONCLUSIONS: (1) There is a dose-response relationship between the basal FSH, the LH and FSH responses to @entity1176 and the dose of @entity786 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced disturbance of gonadotropin secretion manifesting testicular damage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['Cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ) have higher mortality, especially with comorbid chronic total occlusion (CTO). The origin of collateral flow to the CTO segment has not been studied in regard to short-term mortality. This study examined the impact of collateral feeding donor arteries from an @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) or non- @entity1188 to the comorbid CTO segment in regard to @entity583 short-term mortality. METHODS: Data from 760 consecutive @entity583 @entity1 who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention were obtained retrospectively from medical records. The number of vessels involved and origin of the collateral feeding donor artery were evaluated using angiograms from the primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The study population was divided into @entity1 with: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) (n=483), @entity74 without CTO (n=208), and @entity74 with CTO (n=64). All CTO segments had collateral flow from an @entity1188 (n=23) or non- @entity1188 (n=46). All-cause mortality (30-day) was analyzed. RESULTS: Compared to @entity66 and @entity74 without CTO, @entity74 with comorbid CTO had a higher mortality (5.4% vs. 15.9% vs. 24.6%, P<0.0001, respectively). Of @entity1 with CTO, those with collateral flow from the @entity1188 had significantly higher mortality than the non- @entity1188 group (52.2% vs. 10.9%, P<0.0001). Collateral flow from the @entity1188 was extracted as an independent predictor associated with 30-day all-cause mortality using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio 4.71, 95% confidence interval 1.60-14.2, P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The origin of the collateral donor artery from the @entity1188 had an impact on short-term mortality in @entity583 @entity1 with comorbid CTO lesions.

title: Impact of the origin of the collateral feeding donor artery on short-term mortality in XXXX with comorbid chronic total occlusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SVD', 'single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'IRA']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MVD', 'multi-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST-elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND AIM: @entity409 is a potentially life-threatening complication of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). Our aim was to determine the incidence, aetiology and outcome of intestinal failure-associated @entity409 (IFALD) in hospitalised @entity1 treated with long-term @entity3147 (>27 days). METHODS: Over 4 years all long-term intestinal failure (IF) @entity1 were reviewed for the possible predisposing factors of age, diagnosis, @entity3147 lipid, @entity295 , length of @entity3147 treatment and length of hospitalisation. Outcome measures were IFALD incidence, severity and prognosis. RESULTS: Of 60/279 (22%) @entity1 aged 0-18 years who developed IFALD, 13 (5%) progressed to type 3/end stage disease. IFALD was associated with younger age (p=0.03), longer treatment (p<0.001), longer hospitalisation (p=0.01), surgical diagnosis (p=0.005) and prematurity (p=0.03). IFALD was not associated with @entity295 . Intestinal surgery was associated with IFALD independently of age (p=0.03). Survival was 86%, with three @entity204 attributed to IFALD (1% of all cases), all of which were surgical. CONCLUSION: IFALD incidence was lower than previously reported in paediatric @entity1 , with surgical neonates at greatest risk.

title: Intestinal failure-associated XXXX in hospitalised @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'intravenous/parenteral nutrition']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the @entity167 consumption on the @entity604 ( @entity604 ) in experimental @entity2521 in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-three male @entity35 were divided into seven groups: G1 (control); G2 (10% @entity1068 ); G3 (nutritional control of G2); G4 (20% @entity1068 ); G5 (nutritional control of G4); G6 (30% @entity1068 ) and G7 (nutritional control of G6). The groups G3, G5 and G7 received controlled diets with equivalent caloric amounts to those consumed in G2, G4 and G6 respectively, with the @entity1068 replaced by @entity969 . After anesthesia, ligatures were installed around the mandibular first molar, leaving the contralateral teeth unligated. After 8 weeks, the @entity35 were killed and their mandibles were radiographed to measure the percentage of @entity604 on the distal aspect. RESULTS: The intragroup analyses showed that presence of ligatures induced @entity2521 (p<0.05). Unligated groups did not show significant differences among the percentages of @entity604 (p=0.1969). However, in ligated groups the @entity35 that received @entity167 (G2:48.71%+/-3.88; G4:47.66%+/-2.54; G6:47.32%+/-3.24) and the nutritional control group associated with a high concentration of @entity1068 (G7:47.40%+/-3.24) presented a significantly lower percentage of @entity604 than the other groups (G1:52.40%+/-2.75; G3:52.83%+/-2.41; G5:50.85%+/-4.14). CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated that @entity167 consumption in @entity35 may result in a direct effect on @entity604 and increased development of @entity2521 . In addition, they suggest that heavy caloric consumption of @entity1068 may also present an indirect effect on periodontal tissue as a consequence of @entity3147 .

title: The effect of @entity167 consumption on @entity604 in experimental XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar bone loss', 'PBS', 'periodontal bone support']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many former intensive care unit (ICU) @entity1 report difficulties in cognitive functions especially in their daily life. We aimed to measure perceived @entity73 in daily life in survivors of @entity3124 and their family member controls (FMC). METHODS: Perceived @entity73 were assessed two times after ICU discharge using an adapted German version of the "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Cognitive Function" questionnaire. After 3 months, 127 former @entity1 and 52 FMC participated and 103/127 @entity1 and 36/52 FMC were followed up after 6 months. Baseline information was obtained retrospectively. RESULTS: We found no significant differences between the @entity1 sample and FMC, 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge. Based on questionnaire ratings, cluster analysis divided @entity1 and FMC into a cognitively 'impaired' and a 'non-impaired' cluster. Questionnaire scales differed significantly prior to ICU admission as well as 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge between both clusters. While differences between @entity1 and FMC were less pronounced in the 'non-impaired' cluster, @entity1 were significantly more impaired than FMC at 3 and 6 months after ICU discharge in the 'impaired' cluster. DISCUSSION: A substantial part of former @entity1 were affected by post-ICU @entity73 in daily life. Pre-existing @entity73 were a risk factor. These @entity1 would probably profit from tailored neurorehabilitative therapy. Therefore, an efficient tool to identify potential @entity1 for neurorehabilitation is needed. The questionnaire revealed good psychometric properties. We recommend a comprehensive validation of the questionnaire in this @entity1 population.

title: Perceived XXXX after @entity3124 : a longitudinal study in survivors and family member controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive impairments']


abstract: Extraintestinal pathogenic @entity526 can successfully colonize the urinary tract of the immunocompetent host. In part, this is accomplished by dampening the host immune response. Indeed, the sisA and sisB genes (shiA-like @entity32 suppressor genes A and B) of uropathogenic @entity31969 , homologs of the @entity14341 SHI-2 pathogenicity island gene shiA, suppress the host inflammatory response. A double deletion mutant (DeltasisA DeltasisB) resulted in a hyperinflammatory phenotype in an experimental model of ascending @entity293 . The DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant not only caused significantly more inflammatory foci in the kidneys of CBA/J @entity19 (P = 0.0399), but these lesions were also histologically more severe (P = 0.0477) than lesions observed in @entity19 infected with wild-type @entity31969 . This hyperinflammatory phenotype could be suppressed to wild-type levels by in vivo complementation of the DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant with either the sisA or sisB gene in trans. The DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant was outcompeted by wild-type @entity31969 during cochallenge infection in the bladder (P = 0.0295) at 48 h postinoculation (hpi). However, during cochallenge infections, we reasoned that wild-type @entity31969 could partially complement the DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant. Consistent with this, the most significant colonization defect of the DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant in vivo was observed during independent challenge relative to wild-type @entity31969 , with attenuation of the mutant observed in the @entity1494 (P = 0.0003) at 6 hpi. By 24 and 48 hpi, the DeltasisA DeltasisB mutant was no longer significantly attenuated in the bladder or kidneys, suggesting that the sisA and sisB genes may be important for suppressing the host immune response during the initial stages of infection.

title: Uropathogenic XXXX Suppresses the host inflammatory response via pathogenicity island genes sisA and sisB.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder (P < 0.0001) and kidneys']

entities_list: @entity14341 :: ('623', 'Species') :: ['Shigella flexneri']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in treating @entity716 , @entity161 remains a chronic and debilitating disorder that affects approximately 1% of the US population and costs society more than @entity308 , @entity303 , and other medical illnesses across most of the lifespan. Improving functioning early in the @entity221 could have significant implications for long-term outcome of individuals with @entity161 . Yet, current gold-standard treatments do not lead to clinically meaningful improvements in outcome, partly due to the inherent challenges of treating a population with significant @entity73 . The rise of technology presents an opportunity to develop novel treatments that may circumvent the motivational and cognitive challenges observed in @entity161 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of implementing a Personalized Real-Time Intervention for Motivation Enhancement (PRIME), a mobile app intervention designed to target reward-processing impairments, enhance motivation, and thereby improve quality of life in recent onset @entity161 , and (2) evaluate the empirical benefits of using an iterative, user-centered design (UCD) process. METHODS: We conducted two design workshops with 15 key stakeholders, followed by a series of in-depth interviews in collaboration with IDEO, a design and innovation firm. The UCD approach ultimately resulted in the first iteration of PRIME, which was evaluated by 10 RO @entity1 . Results from the Stage 1 @entity1 were then used to guide the next iteration that is currently being evaluated in an ongoing RCT. @entity1 in both phases were encouraged to use the app daily with a minimum frequency of 1/week over a 12-week period. RESULTS: The UCD process resulted in the following feature set: (1) delivery of text message (short message service, SMS)-based motivational coaching from trained therapists, (2) individualized goal setting in prognostically important psychosocial domains, (3) social networking via direct peer-to-peer messaging, and (4) community "moments feed" to capture and reinforce rewarding experiences and goal achievements. Users preferred an experience that highlighted several of the principles of self-determination theory, including the desire for more control of their future (autonomy and competence) and an approach that helps them improve existing relationships (relatedness). IDEO, also recommended an approach that was casual, friendly, and nonstigmatizing, which is in line with the recovery model of @entity716 . After 12-weeks of using PRIME, @entity1 used the app, on average, every other day, were actively engaged with its various features each time they logged in and retention and satisfaction was high (20/20, 100% retention, high satisfaction ratings). The iterative design process lead to a 2- to 3-fold increase in engagement from Stage 1 to Stage 2 in almost each aspect of the platform. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the neuroscience-informed mobile app, PRIME, is a feasible and acceptable intervention for young @entity1 with @entity161 .

title: Feasibility of PRIME: A Cognitive Neuroscience-Informed Mobile App Intervention to Enhance Motivated Behavior and Improve Quality of Life in Recent Onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and motivational impairments']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We performed a retrospective study to assess the clinicopathological characters, molecular alterations and multigene mutation profiles in @entity14 @entity1 with signet-ring cell component. METHODS: Between November 2008 and January 2015, 61 consecutive primary @entity14 with signet-ring cell component were available for pathological confirmation. RAS/ @entity817 status was performed by direct sequencing. 14 genes associated with @entity4310 were analyzed by targeted gene sequencing. RESULTS: A slight male predominance was detected in these @entity1 (59.0%). @entity14 with signet-ring cell component were well distributed along the large intestine. A frequently higher TNM stage at the time of diagnosis was observed, compared with the conventional @entity420 . Family history of @entity5 was remarkable with 49.2% in 61 cases. The median OS time of stage IV @entity1 in our study was 14 months. RAS mutations were detected in 22.2% (12/54) cases with @entity984 mutations in 16.7% (9/54) cases and @entity8497 mutations in 5.4%(3/54) cases. @entity817 @entity8554 mutation was detected in 3.7% (2/54) cases. As an exploration, we analyzed 14 genes by targeted gene sequencing. These genes were selected based on their biological role in association with @entity4310 . 79.6% cases carried at least one pathogenic mutation. Finally, the @entity1 were classified by the percentage of signet-ring cell. 39 (63.9%) cases were composed of >= 50% signet-ring cells; 22 (36.1%) cases were composed of <50% signet-ring cells. We compared clinical parameters, molecular and genetic alterations between the two groups and found no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14 with signet-ring cell component is characterized by advanced stage at diagnosis with remarkable family history of @entity5 . It is likely a negative prognostic factor and tends to affect male @entity1 with low rates of RAS / @entity817 mutation. Colorectal @entity1 with any component of signet-ring cells, regardless of the extent, shared similar clinicopathological characteristics, molecular alterations and genetic profiles.

title: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Features of XXXX with Signet-Ring Cell Component.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'Colorectal carcinomas', 'Colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary cancer syndromes']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate clinical outcome of surgical treatment for spinal @entity3 . METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 with metastatic spine @entity5 treated surgically were retrospectivly reviewed from September 2005 to August 2010. There were 15 males and 21 females with an average age of 58 years old (ranged, 27 to 79 years). The site of origin of primary @entity5 included the breast, prostate, colon, lung, liver, esophagus, kidney, @entity189 , bladder, and 10 @entity1 were with unidentified primary @entity5 . Five lesions were located in the cervical spine, 17 in the thoracic spine, 13 in the lumbar spine and 1 in the sacral vertebrae. Preoperative evaluation was conducted according to Tokuhashi system: total score 0 to 8 in 9 cases, 9 to 11 in 25 cases, 12 to 15 in 2 cases. The surgical procedures, including @entity12468 , @entity5 resection and decompression, @entity702 nets implant, artificial vertebra replacement, bone cement stuffiness and inter fixation, were performed based on Tokuhashi score, location of lesions and neurological symptoms. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, and the during ranged from 2 months to 60 months with a mean time of 10.8 months. @entity158 relief was obtained in all @entity1 after operation, and the @entity158 scores declined after operation. Among 14 @entity1 suffering from spinal cord and nerve compromise, 12 @entity1 improved 1 to 2 grades after surgery according to the Frankel grading system. According to the system of the ECOG performance status: 28 @entity1 improved 1 to 2 grades in performance status after surgery. The postoperative survival rates at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years were 97.2%, 63.9%, 38.9% and 16.7% respectively. Six patines had bone cement leakage after @entity12468 , and none resulted in severe complications. CONCLUSION: According to single or multiple spinal metastases, neurological symptoms, spinal stability and @entity1 ' condition, the different surgical treatments can be selected for spinal metastatic @entity1 , which can relieve @entity158 , maintain or improve the neurological status, improve quality of life, improve survival rate of @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of surgical treatment and effect of spinal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'VAS pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastatic tumors']


abstract: Genomic instability plays an important role in most @entity1 @entity5 . To characterize genomic instability in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ), we examined loss of heterozygosity (LOH), copy number (CN) loss, @entity1017 , and gene expression using the Affymetrix GeneChip @entity1 Mapping 500K (n = 30 cases) and @entity1 U133A (n = 17 cases) arrays in @entity1721 cases from a high-risk region of China. We found that genomic instability measures varied widely among cases and separated them into two groups: a high-frequency instability group (two-thirds of all cases with one or more instability category of > or =10%) and a low-frequency instability group (one-third of cases with instability of <10%). Genomic instability also varied widely across chromosomal arms, with the highest frequency of LOH on 9p (33% of informative single nucleotide polymorphisms), CN loss on 3p (33%), and @entity1017 on 3q (48%). Twenty-two LOH regions were identified: four on 9p, seven on 9q, four on 13q, two on 17p, and five on 17q. Three CN loss regions-3p12.3, 4p15.1, and 9p21.3-were detected. Twelve @entity1017 regions were found, including six on 3q, one on 7q, four on 8q, and one on 11q. One of the most gene-rich of these @entity1017 regions was 11q13.1-13.4, where 26 genes also had RNA expression data available. @entity1017 was significantly correlated with increased RNA expression in over 80% of these genes. Our findings show the potential utility of combining CN analysis and gene expression data to identify genes involved in esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Genomic characterization of XXXX from a high-risk population in China.

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The organisation of the @entity2922 innervation of the @entity35 spetal area was investigated by means of the @entity11571 fluorescence method in combination with @entity935 uptake studies, lesions and retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase. The following @entity2922 systems to the septum could be established: 1. The Locus Coreuleus Noradrenergic System. These axons are widespread in the septum forming a moderately dense innervation in the anterior hippocampus, the medial septal nucleus, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, and a sparse innervation in the lateral septal nucleus and the septofimbrial nucleus. 2. The Medulla Oblongata Noradrenergic System. This system originates in the A1, A2 or A3 cell groups, the axons forming a very dense innervation in the ventral part of the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, a moderately dense innervation in the nucleus of the diagonal band and lateral septal nucleus, and a sparse innervation in the medial septal nucleus, the septofimbrial nucleus and the dorsal part of the interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis. 3. The Mesencephalic Dopaminergic System. This system originates in the medial part of the @entity35 cell group, the axons forming two distinct terminal patterns. In the first type, smooth axons form pericellular arrangements around non-fluorscent neurons in the lateral septal nucleus. The second type is formed by fine-varicose axons which form a dense band around the fornix in the medial part of the lateral septal nucleus. 4. The Incerto-Hypothalamic Dopaminergic System. These axons most probably originate in cell bodies of the diencephalic A11, A13 and A14 cell groups, and are found in the lateral septal nucleus at the level of the anterior commissure.

title: @entity935 and noradrenaline neurons projecting to the septal area in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between symptoms of @entity387 and prevalent @entity65 , @entity73 , and subsequent 3-year mortality. DESIGN: A longitudinal study. SETTING: @entity1 lived in the community on Oahu, Hawaii. @entity1 : A total of 2905 older Japanese-American @entity1 participating in the fourth examination of the Honolulu Heart Program cohort study from 1991-1993, which is the baseline for the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study of @entity303 . MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported snoring, @entity25 , and breathing pauses; diagnosed @entity65 and @entity303 ; cognitive functioning and vital status approximately 3 years later. RESULTS: More than 12% of the @entity1 reported that they often or always snored loudly, and 8% reported being sleepy most of the day. Fewer than 2% reported that they stop breathing when sleeping, and this was found more frequently among habitual snorers (7%, P < .001) and those sleepy during the day (5%, P < .001). The prevalence of habitual snoring declined in the older age groups, was higher among those with greater Body Mass Index scores, and was not associated with the reporting of @entity25 , diagnosis of @entity299 , @entity64 , @entity303 , or @entity73 . @entity25 was more prevalent at older ages and was associated with a higher prevalence of @entity299 and with @entity73 and @entity303 , @entity1030 , and @entity6 . Self-reported @entity386 was associated only with a history of @entity55 . Three-year mortality was not associated with these symptoms after adjusting for prevalent @entity299 and @entity73 . CONCLUSION: Symptoms of @entity387 are reported less frequently in older Japanese-American @entity1 . Excessive @entity25 is associated with poor cognition and @entity303 , but whether it also is an indicator for @entity387 in this age group remains unclear. Epidemiologic studies of @entity387 in older adults will require polysomnography to determine accurately the correlates and consequences of this condition.

title: Associations of symptoms of @entity387 with @entity65 , @entity73 , and mortality among older Japanese-American XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity32038 , a cardioselective beta adrenergic blocking agent, was evaluated in the treatment of @entity943 in 27 @entity1 . Nineteen @entity1 had @entity943 and eight had @entity943 . Evaluation was by doulbe-blind randomized trial in 23 @entity1 . @entity32038 was effective in reducing ventricular rate in 17 (85 percent) of 19 @entity1 with @entity943 and resulted in conversion to sinus rhythm in 2 of the 17. The mean ventricular rate in 17 @entity1 decreased from 135 to 102/min 10 minutes after initiation of administration of @entity32038 and gradually decreased further to 93/min after 60 minutes. Reduction in ventricular rate was sustained for 2 hours of monitoring undergone by all @entity1 and for 4 and 6 hours monitoring in two subgroups. Among the eight @entity1 with @entity1540 , @entity32038 reduced their frequency in four @entity1 and had no effect in four. Six @entity1 had @entity1030 and experienced no adverse clinical effects on respiratory function in association with administration to @entity32038 . Untoward effects occurred in 10 @entity1 , including @entity551 in 3, 1 of whom required vasopressor therapy. Other side effects were sedation, @entity390 , @entity1353 and warmth in the chest, all of which were mild and transient, requiring no treatment. Cardioselective beta adrenergic blockade with @entity32038 was highly effective in controlling ventricular rate in @entity943 and reduced the frequency of @entity1540 in half of the small group of @entity1 with this @entity943 . It is particularly applicable in @entity1 with @entity3885 in whom cardiac beta adrenergic blockade is indicated. @entity551 is an important potential side effect.

title: Efficacy of cardioselective beta adrenergic blockade with intravenously administered XXXX in the treatment of @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity32038 :: ('MESH:C100227', 'Chemical') :: ['tolamolol', 'Tolamolol']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'supraventricular arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity32038 :: (MESH:C100227,Chemical) :: ['tolamolol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Current information on the prevalence of @entity146 among older adults in the United States is lacking. Prevalence of @entity148 , mood, and @entity734 was examined by age (18-44, 45-64, 65-74, and 75 years and older) and sex. @entity74 for older adults (65 years and older) were explored. DESIGN: Cross-sectional epidemiologic study, using data from the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication. SETTING: Community-based epidemiologic survey. @entity1 : Representative national sample of community-dwelling adults in the United States. MEASUREMENTS: The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition @entity146 . RESULTS: Prevalence of 12-month and lifetime mood, @entity148 , and @entity734 was lower for older adults (65 years and older) than younger age groups: 2.6% for @entity1316 , 7.0% for @entity148 , 0 for any @entity734 , and 8.5% for any of these disorders (for any disorder, 18-44 years = 27.6%, 45-64 years = 22.4%). Among older adults, presence of a 12-month @entity148 was associated with female sex, lower education, being unmarried, and three or more chronic conditions. Presence of a 12-month @entity1316 was associated with disability. Similar patterns were noted for lifetime disorders (any disorder: 18-44 years = 46.4%, 45-64 years = 43.7%, and 65 years and older = 20.9%). CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the continued pattern of lower rates of formal diagnoses for elders. These rates likely underestimate the burden of late-life @entity146 , given the potential for underdiagnosis, clinical significance of subthreshold symptoms, and lack of representation from high-risk older adults (e.g., medically ill, long-term care residents).

title: Prevalence of mood, @entity148 , and XXXX for older Americans in the national comorbidity survey-replication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Covariates of disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance-use disorders', 'substance-use disorder', 'substance disorders']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance-abuse disorders']


abstract: Renal biopsies obtained from 20 adult @entity1 within 30 days after onset of @entity810 with @entity2106 ("the @entity1381 ") were studied. Lesions were graded independently by two observers without knowledge of the clinical history. All @entity1 who did not have refractory @entity101 were treated with heparin. Ten of the @entity1 died, and four developed @entity454 requiring chronic dialysis. Six @entity1 , however, had a relatively good outcome: two recovered completely and four developed mild-to-moderate @entity177 not requiring dialysis. The six @entity1 with a good outcome had significantly less severe arterial intimal thickening on biopsy compared with the remaining @entity1 with a poor outcome. The @entity1 with a good outcome and those with a poor outcome did not differ in the severity of @entity8 . The clinical features did not allow a prediction of late outcome. These results suggest that early renal biopsies may be helpful in predicting prognosis in the " @entity1381 ." This clinical syndrome may occur either in apparently healthy @entity1 , or may complicate the course of a chronic essential @entity101 .

title: Prognostic importance of vascular lesions in @entity810 with XXXX ( @entity1381 ): clinicopathologic study in 20 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic-uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathic hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['microangiopathic hemolytic anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that the biology of pediatric and adolescent @entity320 differs from that of @entity66 . We report the largest series to date examining the natural history of pediatric and adolescent @entity320 . We aim to elucidate the natural history of pediatric and adolescent @entity320 and to examine the appropriateness of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities developed for adults and that are currently being used in @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of @entity1 with an index diagnosis of cutaneous non-metastatic @entity320 from 1998 to 2011 using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB; n = 420,416). Three age-based cohorts were analyzed: 1-10 years (pediatric), 11-20 years (adolescent), and >= 21 years (adult). Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Pediatric @entity320 @entity1 have longer @entity1349 than their adolescent (hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, 95  % CI 0.25-0.98) and adult counterparts (HR 0.11, 95  % CI 0.06-0.21). Adolescents have longer @entity1349 than adults. No difference was found in @entity1349 in pediatric @entity1 who are node-positive versus node-negative. In pediatric @entity1 , sentinel lymph node biopsy and completion lymph node dissection are not associated with increased @entity1349 . In adolescents, nodal positivity is a significant negative prognostic indicator (HR 4.82, 95  % CI 3.38-6.87). CONCLUSIONS: Age-based differences in @entity320 outcomes warrant different considerations for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in each group in order to maximize quality of life while minimizing complications and costs. Prospective, multicenter studies should evaluate the role of diagnostic procedures for pediatric @entity1 .

title: XXXX : A National Cancer Data Base Update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['adult disease']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Pediatric and Adolescent Melanoma']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Clausena excavata Burm. f. has been used in folk medicines in eastern Thailand for the treatment of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the apoptosis mechanism, we isolated @entity35800 ( @entity35801 ) from this plant using a bioassay-guided approach. @entity35801 -induced @entity137 was observed with the @entity98 assay. @entity8574 orange/ @entity2667 staining was used to detect cells in early apoptosis and high content screening (HCS) to observe nuclear condensation, cell permeability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and @entity4674 release. Apoptosis was confirmed with a clonogenic assay, DNA laddering and @entity35802 assays. Reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation, @entity588 and @entity589 expression, and cell cycle arrest were also investigated. The involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) was analysed with the HCS assay. RESULTS: A significant increase in chromatin condensation in the cell nucleus was observed by fluorescence analysis. Apoptosis was confirmed by the reduced number of colonies in the clonogenic assay and the increased number of cellular DNA breaks in treated cells observed as a DNA ladder. Treatment of MCF-7 cells with @entity35801 encouraged apoptosis with cell death-transducing signals that reduced MMP by down-regulation of @entity588 and up-regulation of @entity589 , triggering @entity4674 release from the mitochondria to the cytosol. The released @entity4674 triggered the activation of @entity8187 followed by the executioner @entity522 /7. @entity35801 treatment significantly arrested MCF-7 cells at the G0/G1 phase (p<0.05) and ROS was significantly elevated. Moreover, @entity35801 significantly blocked the induced translocation of NF-kB from cytoplasm to nucleus. CONCLUSION: Together, the results demonstrated that the @entity35801 isolated from Clausena excavata inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells, leading to cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death, which was confirmed to occur through the mitochondrial pathway with involvement of the NF-kB signalling pathway.

title: XXXX isolated from Clausena excavata induces apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through the intrinsic pathway with involvement of NF-kB signalling and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest: a bioassay-guided approach.

entities_list: @entity8574 :: ('CHEBI:36420', 'Chemical') :: ['Acridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity35800 :: ('CHEBI:69939', 'Chemical') :: ['dentatin']

answer: @entity35800 :: (CHEBI:69939,Chemical) :: ['Dentatin']


abstract: Despite recent advances in understanding @entity14 biology, there is still a need to improve the 5-year survival rate of @entity1 with @entity14 as approximately 40% of @entity1 presenting with @entity1442 will remain resistant to therapy. One of the major contributing factors in resistance to therapy is the failure of @entity14 cells to undergo apoptosis. Hence there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches that can target apoptosis-resistant cells. To this end, we investigated the potential efficacy of the endogenous cannabinoid @entity9393 to induce cell @entity204 in apoptosis-resistant @entity694 cells. Here, for the first time, we show that @entity9393 can induce cell @entity204 in the apoptosis-resistant HCT116 @entity589 -/- colorectal cell line. Importantly, we provide direct genetic evidence that this induction of cell @entity204 is dependent on @entity2247 expression. Interestingly, increased @entity2247 expression also sensitised the SW480 @entity14 cell line (low endogenous @entity2247 ) to @entity9393 -induced @entity204 , whereas @entity2247 suppression by RNAi inhibited @entity9393 -induced cell @entity204 in the @entity14 cell line (high endogenous @entity2247 expression). This @entity2247 -dependent @entity204 was independent of cannabinoid receptor engagement ( @entity6510 or @entity12332 ), and not a direct consequence of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation. This study demonstrates a novel utilisation for @entity2247 expression, targeting apoptotic defective @entity14 cells for destruction by @entity9393 . As @entity2247 is not expressed in the normal colorectal epithelium, but highly expressed in @entity14 and apoptosis resistance contributes to treatment failure, these data suggest that @entity9393 has the potential to be an effective therapeutic in @entity14 .

title: The endogenous cannabinoid, @entity9393 , induces @entity2247 -dependent cell XXXX in apoptosis-resistant @entity694 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9393 :: ('MESH:C078814', 'Chemical') :: ['anandamide']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumours', 'colorectal tumour', 'HCA7 colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the surgical outcomes and efficacy of modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (mod UPPP) and @entity5773 ( @entity5773 ) as a treatment for @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Adult @entity1 with simple snoring or @entity27 were treated with combined modified UPPP, bilateral tonsillectomy, and @entity5773 (N = 48). Full polysomnography was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Postoperative clinical assessment, sleep questionnaires, and @entity1 demographics including body mass index were compared to preoperative data. All polysomnograms were re-scored to AASM recommended criteria by 2 sleep professionals. RESULTS: The preoperative AHI (median and interquartile range) of 23.1 (10.4 to 36.6) was lowered to a postoperative AHI of 5.6 (1.9 to 10.4) (p < 0.05). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score fell from 10.5 (5.5 to 13.5) to 5.0 (3.09 to 9.5) (p < 0.05). Morbidity of the surgery was low, with no long-term complications recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Modified UPPP combined with @entity5773 is a highly efficacious intervention for @entity27 with minimal morbidity. It should be considered for individuals who fail or are intolerant of @entity3128 or other medical devices.

title: Modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and coblation channeling of the XXXX : a multi-centre Australian trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Coblation channelling of the tongue', 'CCT']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['tongue for obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: This study was designed to investigate the contribution of @entity2918 to the maintenance of inflammatory @entity158 . @entity32 was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of carrageenan in right hindpaw in @entity35 . @entity3352 (non-selective COX inhibitor) was administered i.pl. 1 h after the carrageenan injection, and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) responding to noxious heat was measured. b-endorphin (b-END) and  -opioid receptor (MOR) expressed in the inflamed site were examined by using immunocytochemistry, ELISA and RT-PCR techniques. The results showed that @entity3352 dose-dependently increased PWL to the levels that were above the baseline on the day 2 and 3, referred to as hypoalgesia. The hypoalgesia was abolished by a local injection of the non-selective opioid receptor inhibitor @entity19244 . The number of b-END-positive cells, the content of b-END and the expression of MOR mRNA in the inflammatory site of @entity32 model @entity35 were all significantly increased by @entity3352 . These results reveal a novel mechanism of @entity2918 for the inhibition of @entity32 -induced endogenous opioid activity. This study provides further evidence that inhibition of @entity2918 in inflamed site could be a promising therapy for inflammatory @entity158 .

title: [Inhibition of @entity2918 synthesis in the inflamed site results in opioid-mediated hypoalgesia in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity19244 :: ('MESH:C041269', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone methiodide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity932 ( @entity932 ) from an @entity438 or @entity2758 is a grave complication of pregnancy and is responsible for 5 to 12% of all maternal deaths. We critically analyzed 154 cases of verified @entity932 during pregnancy from an identified @entity1504 , including 2 @entity1 treated at our institution and 152 cases previously reported in the literature in English. @entity439 were responsible for @entity932 in 77% of @entity1 , and @entity2758 in 23%. @entity548 occurred antepartum in 92% of @entity1 and postpartum in 8%. @entity1 with @entity548 were younger than those with @entity548 ; however, in contrast to previous reports, we found no differences between @entity1653 and @entity548 with respect to parity or gestational age at the time of the initial @entity548 . @entity101 and/or @entity633 were present at some time during the pregnancy in 34% of @entity1 with documentation, which sometimes made it difficult to differentiate @entity1653 or @entity439 @entity932 from that associated with @entity3036 . In a logistic regression analysis, surgical management of @entity439 , but not @entity2758 , was associated with significantly lower maternal and fetal mortality, independent of other covariants. For those @entity1 with a lesion not operated on, cesarean delivery afforded no better maternal or fetal outcome than did vaginal delivery. We conclude that the decision to operate after @entity932 during pregnancy should be based upon neurosurgical principles, whereas the method of delivery should be based upon obstetrical considerations. The perioperative and anesthetic management of the pregnant @entity1 with a @entity532 is discussed.

title: @entity932 from XXXX and @entity2758 during pregnancy and the puerperium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation', 'arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'aneurysmal hemorrhage', 'angiomatous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['neurosurgical complication']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial lesion']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['angiomatous']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['Aneurysms', 'aneurysmal', 'aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome in elderly @entity1 (>=  75 years) undergoing elective aortic arch surgery with the aid of selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP) and moderate @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ). METHODS: A series of 95 @entity1 >=  75 years (median age 77 years, median EuroSCORE 28) undergoing elective aortic arch surgery with SACP and moderate @entity1167 were analysed with regard to clinical outcome. Risk factors for serious adverse events (mortality, @entity16 ) were determined. RESULTS: Sixty-three @entity1 (66%) underwent ascending aorta and hemiarch replacement, whereas 32 @entity1 (34%) underwent ascending aorta and total arch replacement. Isolated arch replacement was rare. Additionally, 27% of @entity1 underwent aortic valve replacement and 26% underwent root replacement. In-hospital mortality was 7%. Permanent @entity51 occurred in 5%, transient @entity51 occurred in 2%. Median SACP time was 24 min. Univariate analysis revealed femoral cannulation site (OR: 3.4; CI: 1.25-9.22, P = 0.016) as well as @entity1167 >=  40 min (OR: 4.21; CI: 1.83-12.58, P = 0.001) as predictors of serious adverse events (mortality, @entity16 ). CONCLUSIONS: Summarizing, elective aortic arch surgery in elderly @entity1 using SACP and moderate @entity1167 provides excellent results regarding mortality and postoperative neurological outcome. Prolonged @entity1167 time and femoral cannulation were the only predictors of serious adverse events (mortality, @entity16 ).

title: Antegrade selective cerebral perfusion and moderate hypothermia in aortic arch surgery: clinical outcomes in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['HCA', 'hypothermic circulatory arrest']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An evaluation of the second round of @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) screening in the English site of the UK @entity14 Screening Pilot (comprising the Bowel Cancer Screening Pilot based in Rugby, general practices in four Primary Care Trusts, and their associated hospitals) was carried out. A total of 127 746 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 50-69 and registered in participating general practices were invited to participate. In all, 15.9% were new invitees not included in the previous round. A total of 52.1% of invitees returned a screening kit. Uptake varied with gender, age, and level of deprivation; was lower than in the first round (51.9 vs 58.5% P<0.0001), but was high (81.1%) in those who had participated in the first round with a negative result. Test positivity was 1.77%, significantly higher than in the first round, and the detection rate of @entity5 similar (5.67 per 1000), resulting in a lower positive predictive value. The sensitivity of FOBt in the first round was estimated as 57.7-64.4%. There was a significant impact on workload, particularly on endoscopy services. The @entity5 detection rate (0.94 per 1000) was lower than in the first round. Effort will be required to minimise inequalities in uptake, and to ensure adequate capacity of endoscopy services.

title: The UK XXXX screening pilot: results of the second round of screening in England.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['FOB', 'faecal occult blood']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most of the neuropathological studies in @entity75 were based on the assumption of a symmetrical right-left hemisphere distribution of both @entity195 and vascular pathology. To explore the impact of asymmetrical lesion formation on cognition, we performed a clinicopathological analysis of 153 cases with mixed pathology except macroinfarcts. METHODS: Cognitive status was assessed prospectively using the Clinical @entity303 Rating scale; neuropathological evaluation included assessment of Braak @entity3072 and Ass deposition staging, microvascular pathology, and lacunes. The right-left hemisphere differences in neuropathological scores were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The relationship between the interhemispheric distribution of lesions and Clinical @entity303 Rating scores was assessed using ordered logistic regression. RESULTS: Unlike Braak @entity3072 and Ass deposition staging, vascular scores were significantly higher in the left hemisphere for all Clinical @entity303 Rating scores. A negative relationship was found between Braak @entity3072 , but not Ass staging, and vascular scores in cases with moderate to severe @entity303 . In both hemispheres, Braak @entity3072 staging was the main determinant of @entity73 followed by vascular scores and Ass deposition staging. The concomitant predominance of @entity195 and vascular pathology in the right hemisphere was associated with significantly higher Clinical @entity303 Rating scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the cognitive impact of @entity195 and @entity455 in mixed cases may be assessed unilaterally without major information loss. However, interhemispheric differences and, in particular, increased vascular and @entity195 burden in the right hemisphere may increase the risk for @entity303 in this group.

title: Interhemispheric distribution of XXXX and vascular pathology in @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain aging']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangle']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: Primary @entity99 is very rare, with fewer than 20 cases reported. We describe a 44-year-old @entity1 in whom primary @entity99 was strongly suspected clinically. The @entity1 was referred to our hospital because of intractable @entity294 . She had elevated serum levels of @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity492 aminotransferase, and fasting @entity8243 . A @entity460 provocative test showed a marked elevated serum @entity8243 level (17,000 pg/ml). Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity5 in the right lobe of the liver, measuring 38 x 33 mm. No other @entity5 was detected in the pancreas, duodenum, or local lymph nodes on preoperative radiological imaging or endoscopic ultrasonography. The @entity99 was resected. Total intraoperative ultra-sonography and intraoperative exploratory palpation of the duodenum, pancreas, and lymph nodes showed no evidence of an @entity5 . Pathological findings and immunohistochemical studies revealed a @entity5 with increased production of @entity8243 . Postoperatively, the serum @entity8243 level returned to normal.

title: Curative resection of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'extrahepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic gastrinoma', 'hepatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic gastrinoma']


abstract: A 73-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital on April 30, 1990, because of @entity221 persisting for 18 months. Bone marrow puncture and biopsy were performed, because examination on admission revealed an elevated leukocyte count and @entity417 while his superficial lymph nodes, liver and spleen were not palpable. The results of the bone marrow biopsy revealed evidence of @entity738 . Around May 10, the @entity1 developed @entity828 and enlargement of left cervical lymph nodes. Based on the results lymph node biopsy, a diagnosis of @entity978 was made, and @entity3726 therapy was instituted on May 20. However, the @entity1 developed @entity401 and died on July 3. This @entity1 's disease was manifested by @entity221 of unknown origin. Bone marrow biopsy revealed @entity738 with histiocytes predominating, and the @entity1 subsequently developed @entity1600 . His disease was then diagnosed as @entity978 on the basis of a biopsy. @entity706 associated with @entity738 in the bone marrow, liver or spleen are for the most part found in the advanced stage of the disease. It should be borne in mind, however, that some @entity1 may exhibit @entity738 formation in their bone marrow prior to @entity1600 or @entity828 , as in the present case.

title: [ @entity978 presenting with @entity221 of unknown origin associated with XXXX of the bone marrow].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node enlargement']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomas']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to verify and extend a recent, isolated observation showing that, in @entity35 , a moderate dose of @entity1286 may induce either an increase or a decrease in preference for @entity8021 , the direction of the response depending apparently on the concentration of the sweetener. Two experiments were performed successively. First, we showed that the preference threshold for @entity8021 (0.3 mM, two-bottle procedure) of @entity35 placed on a schedule of restricted water access was significantly decreased following injection of 1 mg/kg of @entity1286 . In the second experiment, three groups of naive @entity35 were submitted to the preference test but the concentration of @entity8021 solution was different for each group, namely 0.3, 1 and 1.7 mM. After stabilization of the baseline responses the effect of @entity1286 (1 mg/kg) was tested in each of the 3 groups. As observed previously @entity1286 decreased the preference of the @entity35 tested with the 0.3 mM solution, but markedly increased the preference of the two other groups tested with the 1 and 1.7 mM solutions respectively. The effects of low doses of @entity1510 (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg) were then tested on the same groups of @entity35 with the same @entity8021 concentrations. The 0.01 mg/kg dose of the antagonist increased the preference for the groups of @entity35 tested with the 0.3 and 1 mM solutions. The other two doses of @entity1510 decreased @entity8021 intake whatever the @entity8021 concentration used. It is suggested that these apparently paradoxical effects of @entity1286 and @entity1510 could result either from the stimulation of opioid autoreceptors or from the differential stimulation of different opioid receptor subtypes.

title: Modulation of @entity8021 preference by XXXX and @entity1510 : inversion of drug effects as a function of @entity8021 concentration.

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: By definition, parental care behaviors increase offspring survival, and individual fitness, at some cost to the parent. In @entity29076 ( @entity29076 ), parental males provide sole care for the developing brood that includes an increase in activity during brood defense and decreased foraging resulting in a decline in endogenous energy reserves. No mechanisms have been proposed for cessation of voluntary foraging, though regulation of appetite hormones such as ghrelin have been documented to affect feeding behavior in other fishes. We documented baseline fluctuations in plasma ghrelin concentrations across parental care. Plasma ghrelin concentrations were lowest during the early stages of parental care before increasing as the brood developed to independence. Additionally, we performed an intervention experiment whereby plasma ghrelin levels were artificially increased through an injection of rodent ghrelin at the onset of parental care. Despite measuring a significant increase in plasma ghrelin approximately 1 week after injection, we noted no differences in plasma-borne indicators of recent foraging activity indicating that @entity448 is possibly reinforced by receptor insensitivity to appetite hormones. Finally, we assessed the ultimate consequences of foraging during parental care by feeding fish to satiation and measuring post-prandial changes in swimming performance and @entity146 . Fish fed to satiation showed significant decreases in burst swimming ability and @entity146 towards potential brood predators. @entity448 during @entity29076 parental care is an adaptive behavior that avoids potentially deleterious declines in swimming performance and @entity146 apparently through a modulation of production and reception of appetite hormones including ghrelin.

title: Causes and consequences of @entity448 during the parental care period of wild male XXXX ( @entity29076 ).

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary anorexia', 'Voluntary anorexia']

entities_list: @entity29076 :: ('147949', 'Species') :: ['smallmouth bass', 'Micropterus dolomieu']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressiveness']

answer: @entity29076 :: (147949,Species) :: ['smallmouth bass']