abstract: UNASSIGNED: The impact of @entity8849 ( @entity8849 )-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 ( @entity8850 ) fusion on the biological behavior and the mechanism of acquisition of malignant phenotype in @entity2460 ( @entity2460 ) is not well understood. We examined variations of the @entity8849 - @entity8850 fusion gene in 40 cases of @entity2460 using @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues and secondary genetic alterations of @entity5 protein @entity876 ( @entity876 ),, @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ), and @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) promoters. These gene variations were compared with the clinicopathological features. The 2-year and 5-year disease-free survival rates (DFSRs) were 91% and 83%, respectively. All 40 samples demonstrated nuclear staining for @entity8850 , including @entity2280 -negative cases. Moreover, @entity876 -positive staining was associated with a lower DFSR and was significantly associated with higher Ki-67 label index, higher mitotic rate (mitosis, >4/high-power field), and the presence of nuclear atypia/pleomorphism. @entity8849 - @entity8850 fusions were detected in all of the cases; the @entity8849 exon 4- @entity8850 exon 2, the most common genotype, appeared in 18 cases, which was associated with @entity5 location and the less @entity146 phenotype. In contrast, @entity5 with @entity8849 exon 6- @entity8850 exon 16/18 demonstrated an @entity146 phenotype. Mutations in @entity876 and @entity3820 were detected in 2 and 3 cases respectively, and these occurred in a mutually exclusive fashion. @entity2215 promoter hot spot mutations were observed in 5 cases, which were associated with shorter DFSR. Two dedifferentiated @entity2460 cases harbored both @entity876 and @entity2215 promoter mutations. @entity876 mutations, which result in its overexpression, in combination with @entity2215 promoter mutations seem to play an important role in the dedifferentiation process.

title: Distinct clinicopathological features of @entity8849 - XXXX fusion gene variants in @entity2460 with emphasis on the acquisition of highly malignant potential.

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['TERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'thoracic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor, b polypeptide', 'PDGFRB']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['SFT', 'solitary fibrous tumor']

entities_list: @entity8849 :: ('4665', 'Gene') :: ['NGFI-A binding protein 2', 'NAB2']

answer: @entity8850 :: (6778,Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suppression of @entity61 cytokine production by allergen-specific @entity61 cells is considered to be critical for the suppression of @entity56 symptoms by @entity9285 . The aim of this study was to develop a @entity19 model for birch pollen (BP) immunotherapy to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of clinical symptoms. METHODS: @entity19 with BP-induced @entity56 airway @entity32 received weekly @entity9285 ( @entity9285 ) injections with BP extract (BPE) adsorbed to alum. The effect of an increasing dose of BPE adsorbed to a fixed concentration of alum on the suppression of airway @entity32 and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) was determined. After 2, 4, 6 or 8 immunotherapy injections, the @entity19 were rechallenged with the same allergen and all hallmarks of @entity56 were evaluated. RESULTS: Suppression of the immunological parameters by immunotherapy was dependent on the BPE dose. Two injections were sufficient to suppress @entity58 , @entity59 , @entity1312 , @entity1618 and IFN-y production, eosinophil recruitment and peribronchial inflammatory infiltrates. BP-specific immunoglobulins were upregulated, but this was not sufficient to reduce AHR. Eight injections were needed to suppress AHR. The gradual reduction in AHR was inversely associated with the increase of BP @entity9749 . CONCLUSIONS: BP @entity9285 induces an early suppression of @entity61 -mediated eosinophilic airway @entity32 , but AHR is only effectively reduced after continued @entity9285 conceivably by allowing @entity9749 antibody titres to build up.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Birch pollen immunotherapy in @entity19 : inhibition of XXXX @entity32 is not sufficient to decrease airway hyper-reactivity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous immunotherapy', 'SCIT']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic']

answer: @entity61 :: (15111(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['th2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to conduct a preliminary, post-market, home study of the Flexitouch(  ) system to examine the potential efficacy of the device as a component of self-care in @entity0 survivors with truncal @entity4269 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A quasi-experimental, pre-treatment, post-treatment design was used. Twelve @entity1 received a total of ten self-administered, consecutive, one hour per day treatments. Treatments one and two were observed by study staff and the remaining eight were unobserved. Assessments were conducted at baseline, after the first two treatments, mid-way through therapy, and at the end-of-study. Logs revealed 100% compliance with the eight prescribed unobserved home treatments. Symptoms were assessed by self-report symptom surveys. Signs, objectively observed physical phenomenon, were assessed by staff-initiated skin examination and circumferential truncal measurements. Statistically significant improvement in truncal symptoms and sleep were found. Changes in function and girth were not statistically significant in this initial study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 survivors with truncal @entity4269 may benefit from using an advanced pneumatic compression devices with truncal treatment as part of their self-care program. @entity1 were highly compliant in device use. Further research of this intervention is warranted. To facilitate future research, clinically meaningful reductions in truncal girth should be defined.

title: Advanced pneumatic therapy in self-care of chronic XXXX of the trunk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity4269 :: (MESH:D008209,Disease) :: ['lymphedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12977 ( @entity12977 ; [MIM 264800]) is an @entity74 characterized by progressive degeneration and calcification of elastic fibers in connective tissue. The phenotype is variable, with cutaneous, vascular, and @entity854 . The disorder is a consequence of mutations in the @entity27185 gene. @entity227 is mainly due to @entity532 , and retinal function is usually assumed to be normal. The purpose of this study was the objective assessment of macular and generalized retinal function in unrelated @entity1 with clinical and/or genetic features of @entity12977 . METHODS: Four unrelated @entity1 carrying a clinical diagnosis of @entity12977 presented with unexplained @entity227 . After ophthalmic examination, retinal and macular function was assessed by full-field electroretinogram (ERG) and pattern ERG, respectively, according to ISCEV (International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision) recommendations. Molecular analysis of the @entity27185 gene was performed in three @entity1 by dHPLC (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography) and direct sequencing. RESULTS: Full-field ERG revealed significant reduction of cone and rod responses in all four @entity1 . Funduscopic appearances varied. Three @entity1 were found to carry @entity27185 mutations. In case 1, a novel nonsense mutation ( @entity61816 ) was detected in exon 31 paired with a splice-site mutation. Mutation analyses in cases 3 and 4 revealed previously reported @entity27185 mutations. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity989 in @entity12977 may not be uncommon. The mechanism underlying @entity989 is unknown but may result from @entity209 leading to @entity989 with a possible role of modifying genetic or environmental factors rather than specific @entity27185 mutations.

title: @entity12977 with generalized XXXX , a common finding?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'Visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12977 :: ('MESH:D011561', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudoxanthoma elasticum', 'PXE']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction', 'retinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbance']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal dysfunction']


abstract: The objective was to evaluate whether @entity34 ( @entity34 ) gives any benefit against the possible impairment of cognitive performance when challenged by @entity1949 . Twenty postmenopausal @entity1 volunteered (age range 59-72 years, mean=64.4 years, SD=4.4): 10 @entity34 users and 10 nonusers. Eleven young @entity1 served as a control group for the cognitive age effect (age range 20-26 years, mean age 23.1 years, SD=1.6). The subjects spent four consecutive nights at the sleep laboratory and were exposed to @entity1949 of 40 h. Measures of attention (reaction speed and vigilance), alertness, and mood were administered every 2 h during the daytime and every hour during the @entity1949 night. Postmenopausal @entity1 performed slower than young controls, whereas young controls made more errors. In @entity34 users, the recovery night did not fully restore the performance in the simple and two-choice reaction time tasks, but in nonusers it did so. Sleep deprivation had a detrimental, yet reversible effect on vigilance in all groups. In all groups, @entity25 started to increase after 15 h of @entity1949 and remained elevated in the morning after the recovery night. Prolonged wakefulness or @entity34 had no effect on mood. In conclusion, @entity1949 impaired cognitive performance in postmenopausal as well as young @entity1 . Postmenopausal @entity1 kept up their performance at the expense of reaction speed and young @entity1 at the expense of accuracy. One night was not enough for @entity34 users to recover from @entity1949 . Thus, @entity34 gave no benefit in maintaining the attention and alertness during @entity1949 .

title: Hormone treatment gives no benefit against cognitive changes caused by XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'acute sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormone therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['acute sleep deprivation']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity884 , which is a rare condition, is the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 @entity3377 , leading to severe @entity299 . By collecting and analyzing clinical cases, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity884 in endemic areas in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Presented here are 5 cases of @entity884 , all managed uniformly. We present the clinical, serological, and echocardiographic features; the therapeutic approach; and the follow-up of five @entity1 with @entity884 . RESULTS: There was a predominance of aortic involvement (4 cases) and a high incidence of @entity1002 (5 cases). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was positive in all five @entity1 . Diagnostic suspicion was essential in order to test blood cultures correctly, which in this series were positive in 3 @entity1 . In the follow-up postoperative period of a minimum of 24 months, the @entity1 suffered rare relapse in terms of either the @entity281 or the dysfunction in terms of prosthesis after 3-month antibiotic therapy, with only one exception that died within that period. CONCLUSION: We should pay attention to @entity281 and strengthen public awareness and education. It is necessary to screen for and recognize @entity884 cases early and to provide adequate antibiotic treatment.

title: Clinical characteristics and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Brucella infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['Brucella endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['Brucella endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prominent dental feature of a @entity1 was severely @entity2150 enamel in both primary and permanent teeth. CASE REPORT: Many permanent teeth were already infected while emerging in the oral cavity. Panoramic radiograph showed enlarged and elongated pulp chambers ( @entity4371 ) in the permanent first molars. The clinical and radiological diagnosis was either @entity49430 with @entity4371 ( @entity61098 ) or @entity61099 ( @entity61099 ). Histological examination of the upper right permanent first molar revealed thin lamellar or somewhat thicker amorphous enamel on approximal surface only with no rods or incremental lines visible. Histologically, the Witkop type AIG designated 'enamel agenesis' cannot be excluded. The medical and dental history of the family members, as well as the @entity1 's medical examination, was noncontributing. He had thick, blond, curly hair. The bone structure of the jaws and skull was normal. For genetic analysis, @entity5478 gene was sequenced but no mutation was found. CONCLUSIONS: Since the gene defect of @entity61099 has been localized only in the @entity5478 gene, the more probable diagnosis was AI.

title: Severely @entity2150 amelogenesis imperfecta with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity61099 :: ('MESH:C536549', 'Disease') :: ['TDO', 'tricho-dento-osseous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4371 :: ('MESH:C536946', 'Disease') :: ['taurodontism']

entities_list: @entity49430 :: ('MESH:C538243', 'Disease') :: ['hypomaturation-hypoplastic amelogenesis imperfecta']

answer: @entity4371 :: (MESH:C536946,Disease) :: ['taurodontism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Topical anesthesia for flexible bronchoscopy can be administered via transcricoid injection, nebulizer, or directly through the bronchoscope in a "spray as you go" fashion. We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate whether nebulized @entity3303 provides additional benefit and reduces the total anesthetic dose required during bronchoscopy. SETTING: Tertiary care university hospital. METHODS: One hundred fifty @entity1 (93 @entity1 ; age, 20 to 89 years) undergoing diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy were randomized to receive either 4 mL of 4% @entity3303 (160 mg) or 4 mL of saline solution as placebo via nebulization. Combined sedation was achieved using 5 mg of IV @entity1287 and @entity1363 boluses. Supplemental @entity3303 doses and total @entity1363 required as judged by the bronchoscopist were recorded for each @entity1 . After the procedure, both bronchoscopists and @entity1 charted their perception of cough on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Similarly, @entity1 recorded their discomfort related to the procedure on a 10-cm VAS. RESULTS: The most common procedures were BAL in 77 cases (51%), transbronchial biopsy in 40 cases (27%), and transbronchial needle aspiration in 34 cases (23%). Outcome parameters, including hemodynamic findings, duration of the procedure, cough scores for physicians and @entity1 , discomfort score for @entity1 , @entity1363 doses, and supplemental @entity3303 doses, were similar in both groups. Mean total @entity3303 dose required in the @entity3303 group was 318 +/- 41 mg and was significantly higher than the total dose required in the placebo group (157 +/- 44 mg [+/- SD]) [p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Additional nebulized @entity3303 cannot be recommended for flexible bronchoscopy performed under combined sedation.

title: Nebulized XXXX for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1287 :: ('MESH:D006853', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocodone']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Most outcome studies of bypass surgery are limited to five years of follow-up. However, as @entity1 life expectancy has increased, analyses of more long-term outcomes are needed. The aim of this study is to evaluate 10-year outcomes of anatomical bypasses in @entity432 . METHODS: From 1996 to 2009, 92 @entity1 (82 males and 10 females) underwent aortic anatomical bypasses to treat @entity432 at Samsung Medical Center. The @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed using PASW ver. 18.0 (IBM Co). RESULTS: A total of 72 @entity1 (78.3%) underwent aorto-femoral bypasses (uni- or bi-femoral), 15 @entity1 (16.3%) underwent aorto-iliac bypasses (uni- or bi-iliac), and 5 @entity1 (5.4%) underwent aorto-iliac and aorto-femoral bypasses. The overall primary patency rates of the 92 @entity1 were 86.2% over 5 years and 77.6% over 10 years. The 10-year limb salvage rate and overall survival rate were 97.7% and 91.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall patency rates of bypass graft and limb salvage rates decreased as time passed. The analysis of results after bypass surgery to treat @entity432 will be needed to extend for 10 years of follow-up.

title: Ten year outcomes after bypass surgery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive disease', 'aortoiliac occlusive disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['aortoiliac occlusive disease']


abstract: The fhuD2 gene encodes a lipoprotein that has previously been shown to be important for the utilization of @entity62505 by @entity794 . We have studied the function of the FhuD2 protein in greater detail, and demonstrate here that the protein binds several @entity62505 . Mutagenesis of FhuD2 identified several residues that were important for the ability of the protein to function in @entity62506 transport. Several residues, notably Tyr-191, Trp-197, and @entity367 -202, were found to be critical for ligand binding. Moreover, mutation of two highly conserved @entity2227 residues, @entity367 -97 and @entity367 -231, had no affect on ligand binding, but did impair @entity62506 transport. Interestingly, the transport defect was not equivalent for all @entity62505 . We modeled FhuD2 against the high resolution structures of @entity526 FhuD and BtuF, two structurally related proteins, and showed that the three proteins share a similar overall structure. FhuD2 @entity367 -97 and @entity367 -231 were positioned on the surface of the N and C domains, respectively. Characterization of @entity62507 , @entity62508 , or @entity62507 / @entity62508 mutants suggests that these residues, along with the ligand itself, play a cumulative role in recognition by the ABC transporter FhuBGC2. In addition, small angle x-ray scattering was used to demonstrate that, in solution, FhuD2 does not undergo a detectable change in conformation upon binding @entity62505 . Therefore, the mechanism of binding and transport of ligands for binding proteins within this family is significantly different from that of other well studied binding protein families, such as that represented by @entity7969 -binding protein.

title: The role of FhuD2 in @entity62506 transport in @entity794 . Demonstration that FhuD2 binds XXXX but with minimal conformational change and implication of mutations on transport.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity62506 :: ('MESH:C074579', 'Chemical') :: ['iron(III)-hydroxamate']

entities_list: @entity62507 :: ('p|SUB|E|97|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E97A']

entities_list: @entity62505 :: ('CHEBI:28163', 'Chemical') :: ['iron(III)-hydroxamates']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity62505 :: (CHEBI:28163,Chemical) :: ['iron(III)-hydroxamates']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The activity and synergy for the combination treatment of @entity900 and @entity136 has been identified in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 cells, including @entity43 cells, and has been widely approved for the treatment of @entity1149 , @entity788 and @entity1125 . As the gastrointestinal symptoms with @entity900 therapy are commonly considered to negatively affect the quality of life of @entity1 more than those experienced with @entity3003 therapy, @entity3003 is generally preferred over @entity900 in combination therapy. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of @entity900 plus @entity136 in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 , who had failed with multiple other chemotherapy agents, including @entity902 , received @entity900 (30 mg/m(2)) plus @entity136 (750 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 of every 28 days for between 1 and 4 cycles. RESULTS: In total, 18 @entity1 were treated with @entity900 and @entity136 between 2006 and 2011. There were 1 complete and 5 partial responses, producing an overall response rate of 33.4 %. Median overall survival was 11.0 months. Grade 4 @entity1398 and @entity882 were seen in 11.1 and 22.2 % of @entity1 , respectively. Non-hematological @entity137 was less than Grade 1. CONCLUSIONS: Non-hematological @entity137 with combined @entity900 and @entity136 therapy was considered tolerable and did not impede @entity1 quality of life. However, this drug combination should be monitored for hematologic @entity137 .

title: The safety and efficacy of @entity900 plus @entity136 in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6124 Background: The independent effect of health insurance on @entity5 outcomes is controversial. In the US, the rate of insurance coverage increases substantially at age 65 because of access to Medicare. While overall @entity5 @entity1 survival is expected to diminish with increasing age, we hypothesized that reaching the threshold of 65 years might improve @entity788 survival. METHODS: Data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER), 2000-2005 was used to identify all @entity1 with @entity788 . The cohort was then restricted to @entity1 aged 60-70 years old to allow for analyses centered around 65, the age of general Medicare eligibility. Overall median survival was calculated by year of age for the entire cohort, as well as for the subset that had undergone @entity5 -directed surgery. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were performed. Median survival trend and potential discontinuity were tested using ARIMA modeling. RESULTS: Overall, 6,035 @entity1 aged 60-70 years old at the time of @entity788 diagnosis were identified. Mean age of this cohort was 65.4 years old. On analysis of median survival per year of age, observational trends demonstrated decreasing survival with increasing age until age 64; at age 65, survival time increased, and then slowly decreased again over time (Table). In contrast, analysis of the subset of the cohort that had undergone @entity5 -directed surgery revealed no significant differences in survival over ages 60-70. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity788 , the age of 65 years, when near-universal insurance takes effect, is a positive inflection point for overall survival. Further studies to examine the influence of insurance coverage on @entity5 outcomes is warranted. [Table: see text].

title: Does insurance coverage affect XXXX survival? The Medicare age threshold.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the racial differences in treatment and survival of @entity43 @entity1 . METHODS: Data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program between 1988 and 2001 and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS: Of the 24,038 @entity1 , 22,407 (93.2%) were non-Hispanic White, and 1,631 (6.8%) were African-American. Median age of Whites versus African-Americans was 65 versus 63 years, respectively (P < 0.001). Of the @entity1 with early-stage (I-II) disease, 38.8% of Whites underwent lymphadenectomy with their primary surgery compared to only 32.8% of African-Americans (P = 0.005). In the overall study group, the 5-year disease-specific survival of Whites was significantly higher compared to the African-Americans (44.1% vs. 40.7%, P = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, age, race, stage, cell type, and grade of disease were all independent prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that race is an independent prognostic factor for survival in @entity43 . In addition, African-Americans with early-stage @entity5 were less likely to undergo lymphadenectomy with their staging procedure. Furthermore, @entity1 /physician education is needed to increase the number of @entity1 undergoing surgical staging procedures for @entity43 .

title: Racial disparities in surgical treatment and survival of XXXX in United States.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3657 is common and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify randomized trials and systematic reviews of @entity1 with @entity613 to evaluate surgery, endovascular therapy, and exercise therapy. Outcomes of interest were @entity204 , amputation, walking distance, quality of life, measures of blood flow, and cost. RESULTS: We included eight systematic reviews and 12 trials enrolling 1548 @entity1 . Data on mortality and amputation and on cost-effectiveness were sparse. Compared with medical management, each of the three treatments (surgery, endovascular therapy, and exercise therapy) was associated with improved walking distance, @entity613 symptoms, and quality of life (high-quality evidence). Evidence supporting superiority of one of the three approaches was limited. However, blood flow parameters improved faster and better with both forms of revascularization compared with exercise or medical management (low- to moderate-quality evidence). Compared with endovascular therapy, open surgery may be associated with longer length of hospital stay and higher complication rate but resulted in more durable patency (moderate-quality evidence). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity613 , open surgery, endovascular therapy, and exercise therapy were superior to medical management in terms of walking distance and @entity613 . Choice of therapy should rely on @entity1 ' values and preferences, clinical context, and availability of operative expertise.

title: A systematic review of treatment of XXXX in the lower extremities.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication', 'intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['intermittent claudication']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of type I and @entity2175 on @entity1 perceptions of their quality of life and compare the psychometric properties of a generic versus a @entity6 -specific quality of life measure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Consecutive outpatients (n = 240) from a large multispecialty @entity6 clinic were studied on a single occasion using two measures of quality of life-- @entity6 Quality of Life Measure (DQOL) and the Medical Outcome Study Health Survey 36-Item Short Form (SF-36). No interventions were performed. This study examines three issues: 1) the reliability (internal consistency) of the two measures; 2) the relationship between the DQOL and SF-36 scales; and 3) the influence of clinical @entity1 characteristics, such as number and severity of @entity2412 , on quality of life. Examination of this issue provides information about the construct validity of the two quality of life measures. RESULTS: The estimates of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) for the DQOL and SF-36 subscales ranged from 0.47 to 0.97. These values were very similar to the published findings from previous studies. The subscales of the two measures were variably correlated with one another (range of correlations: -0.003 to 0.60), indicating that the areas of functioning addressed by the DQOL and SF-36 overlapped only to a modest degree. Examination of the relationship of demographic factors to the DQOL measures suggests that they are not generally confounded by factors such as education, sex, or duration of @entity6 . Health-related quality of life is affected by the marital status of both type I and type II @entity6 @entity1 , with separated and divorced individuals generally experiencing lower levels of quality of life. The quality of life measures were sensitive to clinical characteristics, such as frequency and severity of complications. Even after factors such as marital status and, among type II @entity6 @entity1 , type of treatment, @entity1 ' severity of @entity2412 was a significant predictor of both the @entity6 -related and the more broad-based measure of quality of life. For type II @entity6 @entity1 , insulin treatment was associated with lower levels of satisfaction with @entity6 and greater impact of @entity6 on quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for the reliability and validity of two measures of quality of life. The two measures examine quality of life from different but complimentary perspectives. The DQOL seems more sensitive to lifestyle issues and contains special questions and worry scales oriented toward younger @entity1 , whereas the SF-36 provides more information about functional health status. Thus, the measures may be used usefully in combination in studies of both type I and type II @entity6 @entity1 .

title: The evaluation of two measures of quality of life in @entity1 with type I and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: Since immunological and hereditary factors may be important in chronic @entity788 , histocompatibility antigens of classes I and II were studied in 50 British Caucasian @entity1 , after exclusion of insulin-dependent @entity6 for whom HLA associations are recognised. @entity1689 was defined by at least two independent criteria, and only subjects with @entity167 -related and @entity191 were included. In 22 @entity1 (21 male), weekly @entity1068 intake had chronically exceeded 100 g (usually substantially so); the remaining 28 had @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had autoantibodies, in 11 (22%) to gastric parietal cells. Nine of those with @entity1689 (three male) had parietal cell antibody, more than expected for the age/sex distribution. There were overall increased frequencies of HLA Cw5 and B44. In @entity1689 there were increased frequencies of HLA A25 and @entity5481 , and a decreased frequency of B7. In @entity1 with @entity167 -related disease there were increased frequencies of Cw5 (50.0% vs control 15.9%), B44 (54.5% vs 29.4%), and @entity4107 (61.1% vs 33.6%). The increased frequency of Cw5 in @entity167 -related disease alone remained significant after correction (p less than 0.05). A hypothesis that hereditary and possibly immunological factors may contribute to the aetiology of chronic @entity788 is supported.

title: HLA antigens in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis', 'ICP', 'idiopathic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic disease']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether angiomatous and @entity1653 which mimic high grade @entity1653 based on extent of @entity4 can be reliably differentiated as low grade @entity5 using normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. METHODS: Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of seventy @entity1 with @entity1653 was reviewed. Morphologically, the @entity5 were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 contained 12 pure microcystic, 3 pure angiomatoid and 7 mixed angiomatoid and @entity5 . Group 2 included World Health Organization (WHO) grade II and WHO grade III @entity5 , of which 28 were atypical and 9 were @entity1653 . Group 3 included WHO grade I @entity5 of morphology different than angiomatoid and microcystic. Peritumoral @entity4 , normalized ADC, and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were obtained for all @entity1653 . RESULTS: Edema index of @entity5 in group 1 and group 2 was significantly higher than in group 3. Normalized ADC value in group 1 was higher than in group 2, but not statistically significant between groups 1 and 3. CBV values showed no significant group differences. CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity4 index and normalized ADC value is a novel approach to preoperative differentiation between true @entity146 and mimickers such as angiomatous and @entity1653 .

title: Differentiation of benign angiomatous and XXXX with extensive @entity4 from high grade @entity1653 with aid of diffusion weighted MRI.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['microcystic meningiomas', 'anaplastic meningiomas', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['microcystic meningiomas']


abstract: Obesity, a well-known phenomenon in Western society, is frequently associated with @entity65 . @entity64 , @entity583 , @entity6 and @entity407 are classical reasons for the high mortality and morbidity of overweight @entity1 . For this reason, intensive weight-reduction programs have been proposed: low-calorie diets, total starvation, drugs and even surgery. Total starvation and some low-calorie diets are, however, also associated with @entity944 , most probably of cardiac origin. Experimental data from our laboratory show that total starvation is accompanied by a severe depletion of @entity1760 in myocardial tissue. Protein-sparing modified low-calorie diets, however, can protect against this mineral loss even if @entity1760 supplementation alone cannot obtain this goal. Applying these principles in overweight @entity1 show @entity353 without mineral loss or cardiac disturbance. Surgery with 'ileal bypass' procedures gives rise to severe @entity1272 and @entity3747 with @entity116 and @entity116 . New procedures, derived from experimental surgery, are 'gastric bypass' and 'gastroplasty'. These methods, only applied in very @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index greater than 40, normal 23-27) show no change in mineral concentrations of @entity460 and @entity1760 and no clinical symptoms suggestive for mineral loss. A good, controlled weight-reduction program under strict medical surveillance can, in this way, offer new perspectives in the treatment of one of our most frequent 'culture-induced' diseases.

title: XXXX and @entity28 : effects of treatment on @entity1760 and other parameters.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Strokes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['tetany', 'spasmophilia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and endocrine disease']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['Magnesium']


abstract: In order to define whether the variable antigenic type RoTat 1.2 is restricted to Trypansoma evansi and could be used as antigen in serological tests to differentiate T. evansi from Trypansoma equiperdum, the appearance of RoTat 1.2-specific antibodies in @entity95 , experimentally infected with T. evansi and T. equiperdum, respectively, was analyzed. Ten strains of T. evansi and 11 strains of T. equiperdum originating from Asia, Europe, Africa and Latin America were tested. @entity95 pre-infection sera and sera of days 7, 14, 25, 35 post-infection (p.i.) were analyzed for the presence of antibodies reactive with RoTat 1.2 in immune trypanolysis, ELISA/T. evansi and @entity1619 . evansi. Within the duration of the infection (maximum 35 days), all T. evansi as well as 9 out of 11 T. equiperdum infected @entity95 became positive in all these tests. The @entity95 infected with T. equiperdum OVI (South Africa) and BoTat 1.1 (Morocco) remained negative in the immune trypanolysis test although the latter @entity95 became positive in the @entity1619 . evansi and ELISA/T. evansi. On the contrary, both @entity95 were positive in immune trypanolysis when tested against their respective infecting population. From these data, we conclude that most T. equiperdum strains express isoVATs of RoTat 1.2. This explains, in part, why antibody tests based on T. evansi RoTat 1.2 cannot reliably distinguish between infections caused by T. evansi and those caused by T. equiperdum unless it can be proven that most described T. equiperdum are actually misclassified T. evansi.

title: The expression of RoTat 1.2 variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) in XXXX . equiperdum.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbit', 'rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['Trypanosoma evansi and T']


abstract: @entity9204 ( @entity9204 ) are rare central nervous system @entity5 . While attempted surgical resection is imperative, the benefit of adjuvant therapy, particularly in the setting of a gross total resection (GTR), is unclear. We reviewed all pediatric cases of @entity9204 reported in the literature between 1985 and 2000. Seventy-five cases of @entity9204 were identified. Mean age at the time of diagnosis was 26 months. Thirty-seven @entity1 had a GTR and 38 @entity1 had a subtotal resection (STR). Thirty-eight cases (51%) were alive and 37 cases (49%) were deceased at time of publication. For cases with a GTR, survival was 84% compared to an 18% survival for @entity1 with a STR. For @entity1 with a GTR, all forms of adjuvant therapy were statistically equivalent. Our retrospective literature review confirms the importance of GTR in the therapy of @entity9204 , with GTR alone being the single most important predictor of survival. The prognosis is poor for any @entity1 with a STR, with the exception of those @entity1 for whom adjuvant therapy allowed for an eventual GTR. The small number of @entity1 receiving a GTR and no further therapy precluded a statistical comparison of no therapy in the setting of a GTR versus any form of adjuvant therapy. However, all four of these @entity1 are alive, raising the possibility that adjuvant therapy in the setting of a GTR may not be required.

title: Is there a requirement for adjuvant therapy for XXXX that has been completely resected?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9204 :: ('MESH:C562943', 'Disease') :: ['CPC', 'Choroid plexus carcinomas']

answer: @entity9204 :: (MESH:C562943,Disease) :: ['choroid plexus carcinoma']


abstract: Treatments of 2000 @entity291 at monthly intervals with @entity24387 pour on (1 mg active ingredient/kg b.w.) resulted in a rapid decrease of @entity4409 ( @entity4409 ). After an initial curative treatment of the sentinel herd with @entity12695 (7 mg/kg b.w.) only positive cases were treated. Three applications of @entity24387 were sufficient to reduce the prevalence of @entity4409 to below 5%. Apart from a slight increase at the end of the first year the infection rate varied between 0 and 5%. A tsetse population disappeared from a heavily infested habitat after six treatments. The average tick infestation was 3-10 times lower than in a control site inspite of the repeated use of another acaricide. Between 3282 and 8624 animals were treated five times in the second year at intervals of about two months. 130 monoconical insecticide impregnated traps were deployed in habitats which were inaccessible for the @entity291 . The highest infection rate of the sentinel herd was 1.4%. Among another 150 eartagged @entity291 scattered over a district of about 1000 m2 the prevalence of @entity4409 dropped to 4.8% at the end of the second year. Emphasis is put on an active and financial participation of the rural communities to ensure a viable campaign and good prospects of a taking over by local organizations once the external interventions have stopped.

title: Simultaneous control of ticks and tsetse flies in Satiri, Burkina Faso, by the use of @entity24387 pour on for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['AAT', 'African Animal Trypanosomosis']

entities_list: @entity12695 :: ('MESH:C003915', 'Chemical') :: ['diminazene aceturate']

entities_list: @entity24387 :: ('MESH:C041392', 'Chemical') :: ['flumethrin']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity17903 ( @entity17903 ) are @entity74 affecting tissues with high energy requirement such as the muscle, @entity6220 . Progressive external @entity4610 and @entity121 are the most common features in adults, and @entity73 is rare. In many @entity179 , ERPs have been effectively performed to record @entity73 on tasks with different amount of information. To analyze the evidence for possible @entity73 , a standard auditory oddball paradigm with a button-press response was applied. @entity1 were 11 non-demented @entity1 affected by mitochondrial @entity17903 and 14 age-matched normal controls. This hypothesis was tested using two tasks of different difficulty (pure tone vs. phonetic stimuli). @entity137 ( @entity137 ), performance (P) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured. @entity137 and P were not significantly different between the groups. @entity1 showed significantly increased N2 latency and reduced P3 amplitude on both tasks. No difference was found in pure tone and phonetic task conditions. Results were interpreted as electrophysiological signs of @entity73 --particularly in relation to stimulus evaluation--irrespective of sensory problems, response selection and cognitive load. These findings suggest that in ME @entity1 , there may be a possible dysfunction of neural mechanisms underlying cognitive events and ERP generation.

title: Electrophysiological analysis of XXXX in subjects with mitochondrial @entity17903 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['retina and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Reaction time']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive slowing']

entities_list: @entity17903 :: ('MESH:D017237', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyopathy', 'Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies', 'MEs']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmoplegia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic inherited disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive slowing']


abstract: @entity5203 and @entity22398 , two @entity6954 leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs), have been shown to have a beneficial effect on the clinical symptoms of @entity565 . LTRAs can inhibit eosinophil recruitment; however, little is known about their role in monocyte migration. We investigated whether @entity5203 and @entity22398 could suppress chemokine-induced chemotaxis of monocytes and signaling. Chemotaxis of monocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs), and THP-1 cells was evaluated using a 24-well transwell microchamber. [ @entity141 ]i was measured with the fluorescence @entity460 indicator @entity593 /AM photometry system. @entity1435 MAPK expression was measured by Western blotting. Results showed that @entity5203 (1-100 microm) and @entity22398 (100 microm) significantly down-regulated @entity2842 ( @entity2842 )-induced chemotaxis of THP-1 cells and @entity1 primary monocytes from PBMCs and CBMCs (p<0.05, each comparison). @entity5203 also abolished @entity2842 -induced [ @entity141 ]i and pp38 MAPK expression in THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These data demonstrate that @entity5203 is effective in down-regulating @entity1 monocyte chemotaxis induced by @entity2842 . This effect may involve the down-regulation of @entity2842 -induced [ @entity141 ]i and @entity1435 MAPK expression.

title: Effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists on monocyte chemotaxis, @entity1435 and cytoplasmic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22398 :: ('MESH:C062735', 'Chemical') :: ['zafirlukast']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6954 :: ('CHEBI:23511', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteinyl']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast', 'Montelukast']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nasal obstruction is the main symptom in @entity1 with @entity9590 . Some new antihistamines have been demonstrated to be capable of improving this symptom. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate nasal symptoms, nasal airflow, eosinophils, and @entity3646 in @entity1 with @entity9590 , before and after treatment with two new @entity8610 : @entity14295 and @entity14294 . METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with @entity9590 were evaluated, 26 males and 4 females (mean age 26+/-7.1 years). All of them received either @entity14295 (5 mg/daily) or @entity14294 (5 mg/daily) or placebo for 4 weeks. The study was double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, and randomized. Total symptom score (including: @entity5254 , nasal itching, sneezing, and nasal obstruction) was assessed before and after treatment. Rhinomanometry and decongestion test, nasal lavage, and nasal scraping were performed in all subjects before and after treatment. Eosinophils were counted by conventional staining; @entity3646 was measured by immunoassay of fluids recovered from nasal lavage. RESULTS: @entity14295 and @entity14294 treatment induced significant symptom relief and significant reduction of @entity3646 . Both antihistamines significantly affected all parameters in comparison with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrates the effectiveness of antihistaminic treatment in: i) relieving nasal symptoms, including obstruction, ii) improving nasal airflow, iii) exerting decongestant activity, iv) reducing eosinophil infiltration, and v) diminishing @entity3646 levels.

title: @entity14295 and XXXX improve nasal symptoms, airflow, and allergic inflammation in @entity1 with @entity9590 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity14294 :: ('MESH:C472067', 'Chemical') :: ['levocetirizine']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['desloratadine', 'Desloratadine']

answer: @entity14294 :: (MESH:C472067,Chemical) :: ['levocetirizine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity24986 (VFL) is a microtubule-targeting drug that suppresses microtubule dynamics, showing anti-metastatic properties both in vitro and in living @entity5 cells. An increasing body of evidence underlines the influence of the microtubules dynamics on the cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions. @entity5962 is a marker of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a @entity5 suppressor; its reduced levels in @entity189 are associated with poor prognosis. In this report, we investigate the role of VFL on cell-cell adhesions in @entity150 cells. METHODS: @entity1 @entity150 cell lines HT1376, 5637, SW780, T24 and UMUC3 were used to analyse cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesions under VFL treatment. VFL effect on growth inhibition was measured by using a @entity98 colorimetric cell viability assay. Western blot, immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the roles of VFL effect on cell-cell adhesions, epithelial-to-mesenchymal markers and apoptosis. The role of the proteasome in controlling cell-cell adhesion was studied using the proteasome inhibitor @entity16626 . RESULTS: We show that VFL induces cell death in @entity150 cells and activates epithelial differentiation of the remaining living cells, leading to an increase of @entity5962 -dependent cell-cell adhesion and a reduction of mesenchymal markers, such as @entity6076 or @entity2277 . Moreover, while @entity5962 is increased, the levels of @entity61740 , an E3 ubiquitin-ligase for @entity5962 , were significantly reduced in presence of VFL. In 5637, this reduction on @entity61740 expression was blocked by @entity16626 proteasome inhibitor, indicating that the proteasome pathway could be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in its degradation. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore a critical function for VFL in cell-cell adhesions of @entity150 cells, suggesting a novel molecular mechanism by which VFL may impact upon EMT and @entity3 .

title: Role of the microtubule-targeting drug @entity24986 on cell-cell adhesions in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity24986 :: ('MESH:C111217', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinflunine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial bladder tumour', 'bladder epithelial tumour', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder epithelial tumour']


abstract: AIM: To compare the clinical presentation of two cohorts of @entity1 diagnosed with molar @entity2349 (MIH) and living in areas of low and high background fluoridation. METHODS: The study population comprised 12-year-old @entity1 participating in the 2008-2009 National Dental Epidemiological Programme in five regions in Northern England. Participating dentists were trained and calibrated in the use of the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index. @entity1 were examined at school under direct vision with the aid of a dental mirror. First permanent molars and incisors were recorded for the presence and type of enamel defects greater than 2  mm. A diagnosis of MIH was ascribed to any @entity1 with a @entity154 in any first permanent molar. Risk ratios for the occurrence of demarcated, @entity154 were generated for MIH @entity1 in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area. RESULTS: 3,233 @entity1 were examined. The prevalence of MIH in the fluoridated community was 11  % and in the non-fluoridated community was 17.5  %. Incisors in @entity1 with MIH were at greater risk of having @entity154 (risk ratio 4.0, 3.6-4.5) and @entity154 (risk ratio 2.2, 2.0-2.5). Molars in @entity1 with MIH were at greater risk of @entity154 (risk ratio 4.4, 3.8-5.0). The teeth of @entity1 with MIH living in the fluoridated area were at greater risk of @entity154 for both incisors (risk ratio 1.6, 1.3-2.0) and molars (risk ratio 1.3, 1.2-1.5) relative to the teeth of MIH @entity1 living in the non-fluoridated area. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with MIH were at increased risk of both diffuse and @entity154 in their incisors. @entity1 with MIH living in the fluoridated area were at increased risk of diffuse and @entity154 relative to MIH @entity1 living in the non-fluoridated area.

title: A comparison of the presentation of molar XXXX in two communities with different fluoride exposure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['demarcated defects', 'diffuse and hypoplastic defects', 'diffuse defects', 'demarcated defect']

entities_list: @entity2349 :: ('MESH:C537342', 'Disease') :: ['incisor hypomineralisation']

answer: @entity2349 :: (MESH:C537342,Disease) :: ['incisor hypomineralisation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity543 ( @entity543 ) and @entity9085 ( @entity9085 ) are associated with @entity385 after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). It remains unclear whether this association is causal. We investigated the associations between neurologically asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 and the occurrence of subclinical @entity75 after CABG verified by magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS: CABG @entity1 were included and @entity543 and @entity9085 were identified by magnetic resonance angiography. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging was performed to identify new post-operative subclinical @entity75 . The associations between @entity543 / @entity9085 post-operative @entity75 were investigated. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 were included in the study. 13% had significant @entity543 and 11% had significant @entity9085 . Thirty-five percent had new @entity385 postoperatively. We found a significant association between the presence of @entity1779 and @entity385 (67% vs. 27%, p = 0.047). However none of the @entity1 with @entity850 had isolated @entity75 in the ipsilateral vascular territory. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 is common in CABG @entity1 and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative @entity385 . Our study suggests that asymptomatic @entity543 and @entity9085 primarily are risk markers rather than causal factors for @entity385 after CABG.

title: @entity75 in @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting in relation to asymptomatic carotid and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenosis', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['CAS', 'Carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral vessel stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral infarction', 'cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity9085 :: (MESH:D014715,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery stenosis']


abstract: Catheter ablation by radiofrequency energy was carried out in 10 @entity1 with one type of recurrent monomorphic sustained @entity1165 resistant to medical antiarrhythmic management. Electrophysiological studies before ablation included activation and pace-mapping. In all @entity1 , the origin of the @entity591 was localized in the left ventricle: in the septum in six, at the posterolateral wall in three and anterobasal in one. The earliest onset of endocardial activation preceding the QRS complex during @entity1165 ranged between -45 and -90 ms. Transcatheter ablation was performed with a bipolar or quadripolar catheter using a radiofrequency generator (HAT 100, Osypka). No complications occurred during the ablation procedure. Thereafter, in all @entity1 , the clinical @entity591 was no longer inducible by programmed stimulation. During a follow-up period of 22 to 32 months including eight @entity1 , the @entity591 recurred in two; one of these @entity1 subsequently died suddenly. A third @entity1 had one episode of a new type of sustained @entity1165 some hours after catheter ablation. In the remaining @entity1 , there was no recurrence of symptomatic @entity591 under maintenance of the antiarrhythmic management which, prior to ablation had been ineffective. Thus, our preliminary results suggest that radiofrequency catheter ablation might be beneficial for these high risk @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: @entity3886 ( @entity3886 ) is inducible by treatment with @entity1968 in the ICR @entity19 . In this model, @entity509 and @entity1141 of the proximal outflow tract cushion tissue lead to non-spiral septation. In order to evaluate the effect of @entity1968 on the extracellular matrix of the cardiac outflow tract, we examined the distribution of collagen type I and @entity4023 , immunohistochemically, on days 8-9 of gestation. In controls, collagen type I fibrils ran mainly in a radial direction, extending towards the endocardium in the cardiac jelly of the proximal outflow tract. Also, a pair of longitudinal fiber bundles were formed stretching to the distal outflow tract. As for @entity4023 , intense staining was observed in the submyocardial and intermyocardial space of the outer curvature of the heart. On the other hand, in @entity1968 -treated embryos, the submyocardial radial fibrils or longitudinal fiber bundles of collagen type I were diminished, and irregular and dense deposits of collagen type I were observed along the endocardium. Furthermore, @entity4023 showed a loss of differential localization between the outer and inner curvature. Instead, irregular and intense staining was observed uniformly along the outflow myocardium. Thus, @entity1968 appeared to have perturbed the differentiation in the proximal outflow tract causing an altered organization of multiple extracellular matrix molecules, including collagen type I and @entity4023 , which led to an abnormal molecular network of the cardiac jelly in the cardiac outflow tract, abnormal septation and, further, to @entity3886 or @entity3886 -type anomalies.

title: Altered distribution of collagen type I and @entity4023 in the cardiac outflow tract of XXXX embryos destined to develop @entity3886 .

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['TGA', 'Complete transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid', 'all-trans retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['hyaluronic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: b-Amyloid (Ab) accumulation in the brain is widely accepted to be critical to the development of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Current efforts at reducing toxic Ab40 or 42 have largely focused on modulating y-secretase activity to produce shorter, less toxic Ab, while attempting to spare other secretase functions. In this paper we provide data that offer the potential for a new approach for the treatment of @entity195 . The method is based on our previous findings that the production of Ab from the interaction between the @entity15370 ( @entity15370 ) and Presenilin (PS), as part of the y-secretase complex, in cell culture is largely inhibited if the entire water-soluble @entity2733 -terminal domain of PS is first added to the culture. Here we demonstrate that two small, non-overlapping water-soluble peptides from the @entity20933 @entity2733 -terminal domain can substantially and specifically inhibit the production of total Ab as well as Ab40 and 42 in vitro and in vivo in the brains of @entity15370 @entity19 . These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of the entire amino terminal domain of @entity20933 on Ab production is largely focused in a few smaller sequences within that domain. Using biolayer interferometry and confocal microscopy we provide evidence that peptides effective in reducing Ab give a strong, specific and biologically relevant binding with the purified ectodomain of @entity15370 695. Finally, we demonstrate that the reduction of Ab by the peptides does not affect the catalytic activities of b- or y-secretase, or the level of @entity15370 . P4 and P8 are the first reported protein site-specific small peptides to reduce Ab production in model systems of @entity195 . These peptides and their derivatives offer new potential drug candidates for the treatment of @entity195 .

title: Peptides of XXXX bind the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain and offer a novel and specific therapeutic approach to reduce   -amyloid in @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity15370 :: ('11820(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['b-amyloid precursor protein', 'APP']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity20933 :: (19164(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['presenilin-1']


abstract: Emergence of clinical resistance to @entity817 inhibitors, alone or in combination with @entity8047 inhibitors, limits clinical responses in @entity320 . Inhibiting @entity4041 offers an approach to simultaneously interfere with multiple resistance mechanisms. Using the @entity4041 inhibitor @entity57649 , which is currently in clinical trials, we investigated the potential of @entity4041 inhibition to overcome or delay the emergence of resistance to these kinase inhibitors in @entity320 models. In vitro, treating @entity5457 -sensitive cells (A375 or SK-MEL-28) with a combination of @entity57649 and @entity5457 prevented colony growth under conditions in which @entity5457 treatment alone generated resistant colonies. In vivo, when @entity57649 was combined with @entity5457 in a SK-MEL-28, @entity5457 -sensitive model, no regrowth of @entity5 was observed over 5 months, although 2 of 7 @entity5 in the @entity5457 monotherapy group relapsed in this time. Together, these data suggest that the combination of these agents can delay the emergence of resistance. Cell lines with acquired @entity5457 resistance, derived from these models ( @entity57650 and SK-MEL-28R) were also sensitive to @entity4041 inhibitor treatment; key clients were depleted, apoptosis was induced, and growth in 3D culture was inhibited. Similar effects were observed in cell lines with acquired resistance to both @entity817 and @entity8047 inhibitors (SK-MEL-28RR, WM164RR, and 1205LuRR). These data suggest that treatment with an @entity4041 inhibitor, such as @entity57649 , is a potential approach for combating resistance to @entity817 and @entity8047 inhibition in @entity320 . Moreover, frontline combination of these agents with an @entity4041 inhibitor could delay the emergence of resistance, providing a strong rationale for clinical investigation of such combinations in @entity817 -mutated @entity320 .

title: Inhibition of @entity4041 by @entity57649 delays the emergence of resistance to XXXX inhibitors and overcomes resistance to dual @entity817 and @entity8047 inhibition in @entity320 models.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5457 :: ('MESH:C551177', 'Chemical') :: ['vemurafenib']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: There have been intensive efforts to find a suitable kinetic energy absorbing material for helmet and bulletproof vest design. @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) sponge is currently in extensive use as scaffolding material for tissue engineering applications. @entity939 can also be employed instead of commonly use kinetic energy absorbing materials to increase the kinetic energy absorption capacity of current helmet and bulletproof vest materials owing to its excellent mechanical properties. In this study, a combined hexahedral finite element (FE) model is established to determine the potential protection ability of @entity939 sponge in controlling the level of @entity130 wounds to the @entity1 mandible. Digital computed tomography data for the @entity1 mandible are used to establish a three-dimensional FE model of the @entity1 mandible. The mechanism by which a gunshot injures the protected mandible by @entity939 sponge is dynamically simulated using the LS-DYNA code under two different shot angles. The stress distributions in different parts of the mandible and sponge after injury are also simulated. The modeling results regardless of shot angle reveal that the substantial amount of kinetic energy of the steel ball (67%) is absorbed by the @entity939 sponge and, consequently, injury severity of the mandible is significantly decreased. The highest energy loss (170 J) is observed for the impact at entry angle of 70  . The results suggest the application of the @entity939 sponge as an alternative reinforcement material in helmet and bulletproof vest design to absorb most of the impact energy and reduce the transmitted load.

title: Dynamic simulation and finite element analysis of the XXXX mandible injury protected by @entity4832 sponge.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury for gunshot']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: b-Lactoglobulin (LG) contains nine b-strands (strands A-I) and one a-helix. Strands A-H form a b-barrel. At neutral pH, @entity291 LG ( @entity6526 ) forms a dimer and the dimer interface consists of AB-loops and the I-strands of two subunits. On the other hand, @entity1641 LG (ELG) is monomeric. The residues 145-153 of @entity6526 , which compose a dimer interface, are entirely different from those of ELG. The difference in the association states between @entity6526 and ELG can be attributed to the residues 145-153. To confirm this, we constructed a chimeric LG, ImBLG (I-strand mutated @entity6526 ), in which the residues 145-153 were replaced with those of ELG. Gel-filtration chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that ImBLG existed as a monomer. To identify the residues important for dimerization, we constructed several revertants and investigated their association. This experiment revealed that, in addition to the interface residues (Ile147, Leu149 and @entity815 151), Met145 is critical for dimerization. Although Met145 does not contact with the other protomer, it seems to be important in determining the backbone conformation of the I-strand. This was supported by the fact that all Met145-containing mutants showed circular dichroism spectra similar to @entity6526 but different from ImBLG.

title: Important role of methionine 145 in dimerization of XXXX b-lactoglobulin.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A 2-4 week course of @entity1396 plus @entity117 following coronary stenting is considered effective in preventing @entity715 of the stented vessel and safe in regards to @entity548 and @entity1095 . However, rare, although potentially life-threatening haematological complications have been reported with this drug regimen. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity1396 plus @entity117 versus oral anticoagulants after coronary stenting SEARCH STRATEGY: Electronic search of the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase from 1991 to June 1999; references from trials and experts. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing @entity1396 plus @entity117 versus oral anticoagulants (either with or without @entity117 ) after elective or bail out coronary stenting. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three reviewers assessed trial quality and compiled data on outcomes including: total mortality, non fatal @entity583 and revascularization occurring within the first 30 days after hospitalization, stent @entity715 on angiography, major and minor @entity548 , @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity2106 . MAIN RESULTS: Four trials (n=2436 @entity1 ) were included. @entity1396 plus @entity117 compared to oral anticoagulants significantly reduced the risk of non-fatal @entity583 and revascularization at 30 days, combined negative events (mortality, @entity583 , revascularization at 30 days) (RR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.25-0.69; NNT for 30 days: 22; 95% CI: 14-45), and @entity548 (RR in high quality studies: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.07-0.79). @entity1396 plus @entity117 compared to oral anticoagulants significantly increased the risk of eutropenia, @entity882 and @entity1398 (RR 5; 95% CI: 1.08-13.07; NNT for 30 days: 142; 95% CI: 76-1000). @entity1396 plus @entity117 vs oral anticoagulation did not affect all cause mortality. @entity1396 plus @entity117 significantly reduced the risk of stent @entity715 (angiography) which was seen only on studies with blinded outcome assessment (RR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.60; NNT for 30 days: 33; 95% CI:16-166). Minor @entity548 was reported only in one study and no studies recorded @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ). REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity1396 plus @entity117 after coronary stenting is effective in reducing the risk of the revascularization, non fatal @entity583 and @entity548 complications when compared with oral anticoagulants. No effect is observed on total mortality. However, the haematological side effects of @entity1396 are still a matter of concern, and strict monitoring of blood-cell counts is recommended. Physicians should also be aware of the possibility of rare although potentially life-threatening complications such as @entity2106

title: XXXX versus oral anticoagulation for coronary stenting.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine', 'Ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity1396 :: (MESH:D013988,Chemical) :: ['Ticlopidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity547 ( @entity547 ) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) are a serious concern among surgeons and are often under-diagnosed due to heterogeneity of clinical manifestations. Our aim is to assess the frequency of @entity547 after a RYGB in symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of our bariatric surgery unit's database between 2001 and 2013 is obtained. @entity1 are surgically explored after RYGB due to @entity697 ( @entity697 ), intermittent @entity490 (IAP), or being asymptomatic (during an elective cholecystectomy) in whom anatomical presence of @entity547 was established. Also, we compared @entity1 with retrocolic and antecolic technique. Statistical analysis with non-parametric tests and chi-square are used. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 3,656 submitted to RYGB during this period, 81.9  % (2,993) by laparoscopy and 26.3  % (963) with retrocolic technique. Of the @entity1 , 130 (3.5  %) were surgically explored due to @entity697 , 27 @entity1 (0.7  %) due to IAP, and 93 @entity1 (2.5  %) submitted to an elective cholecystectomy with exploration for @entity547 . @entity547 was present in 75  % of the obstructed @entity1 , and in 69  %, it was the cause of obstruction. @entity1 with IAP showed 59  % of @entity547 , but only 15  % have herniated bowel. In asymptomatic @entity1 , 25  % showed @entity547 and none of them have herniated bowel. Retrocolic technique showed a higher risk of whole causes of @entity697 and @entity547 than the antecolic technique, with a relative risk of 1.53 (1.07-2.17) and 1.62 (1.06-2.47), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of @entity547 exists in all operated @entity1 of this series. All members of the bariatric team should be aware of the symptoms related to @entity547 and actively pursue it during follow-up.

title: High Frequency of Internal XXXX After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['ABO', 'acute bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'Internal hernias']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibition of @entity143 receptor function in brain is believed to be an important action of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ). To investigate @entity167 inhibition of @entity143 receptor responses in vivo, the interaction of these agents in brain after different routes of administration were investigated by using transcription factor @entity5019 protein expression to follow @entity143 receptor activation and @entity167 inhibition of this response. METHODS: The induction of @entity5019 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity5019 -LI) in 38 regions of the @entity35 brain was measured 2 hr after treatment with @entity143 , @entity167 , or both. To determine the relative contribution of abdominal drug effects on @entity5019 induction, @entity35 received either intraperitoneal (ip) or intragastric (ig) @entity167 and ip or intravenous (iv) @entity143 . @entity35 received @entity167 (2.5 g/kg ip or 4 g/kg ig) or vehicle 15 min before @entity143 (125 mg/kg ip or 60 mg/kg iv) or vehicle. RESULTS: For the 38 forebrain regions examined, ip and iv @entity143 significantly induced @entity5019 -LI in 13 and 32 regions, respectively. These effects occurred without elicitation of tonic-clonic @entity410 activity and were strong after iv @entity143 in the frontal, prefrontal, and cingulate cortices, supraoptic nucleus, anterior lateral septum, and dentate gyrus. For @entity167 , prominent @entity5019 -LI induction was found in the central amygdala, dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and @entity2339 . Despite ip and ig @entity167 induction of @entity5019 -LI in these regions, the major effect of @entity167 was to block @entity143 -induced @entity5019 -LI in 8 of 13 (ip) and 27 of 32 (ig) of the @entity143 -positive regions, respectively, including @entity4940 , and medial prefrontal cortices, central amygdala, and @entity14776 tecta. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide new evidence for the regionally specific functional interactions of @entity167 on @entity143 receptors in vivo. Moreover, these results support efforts to identify brain region-specific targets for @entity167 and @entity167 -induced changes in gene expression.

title: Regional specificity of XXXX and @entity143 action in brain revealed with @entity5019 -like immunohistochemistry and differential routes of drug administration.

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['paraventricular hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['retrosplenial, cingulate']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the choice of either unilateral or bilateral drainage in stent placement for @entity1 with unresectable hilar @entity253 . The aim of the present study was to clarify which drainage method is superior. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 82 @entity1 with hilar @entity253 who underwent metallic stenting. These @entity1 were divided into a unilateral drainage group (Uni group) and a bilateral drainage group (Bi group). RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in median survival time, median stent patency period, and median complication-free survival time. The most frequent complication was stent obstruction, followed by @entity255 . @entity5572 was found at a higher frequency in the Bi group (17.6%) than in the Uni group (1.5%) (P=0.0266). There was no significant difference between the groups in the occurrence of two or more complications (P=0.247), life-threatening severe complications (P=0.0577), and stent obstruction by sludge (P=0.0912). CONCLUSION: When compared with bilateral biliary drainage, unilateral biliary drainage is associated with a lower incidence of @entity5572 as well as a comparable outcome of stent patency time and complication-free survival. We therefore propose that hilar @entity253 can be treated first by unilateral drainage with a metallic stent and by bilateral drainage only in @entity1 who develop @entity255 in the contralateral biliary tree.

title: Unilateral versus bilateral drainage using self-expandable metallic stent for unresectable hilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['Liver abscess', 'liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary obstruction']


abstract: Previous studies have shown that several proteolytic enzymes are associated with membrane protrusions at the leading edge of migrating @entity5 cells. In this study we demonstrate that @entity34949 and the @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ), co-localize in the plasma membrane of LOX malignant @entity320 cells. Cells were labeled with fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed against @entity34949 and @entity10431 . Proximity between these two molecules was detected with resonance energy transfer (RET) imaging, single-cell emission spectrophotometry, and single-cell excitation spectrophotometry. Significant RET signals were detected on LOX cells when adherent to uncoated and extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated surfaces. This indicates that @entity34949 and @entity10431 are within approximately 7 nm in the plasma membrane of LOX cells. When LOX cells adhered to a 3D extracellular-like matrix, @entity34949 - @entity10431 complexes were found to be associated with invadopodia. Further microscopy experiments demonstrated gelatinolytic activity, a functional attribute of @entity34949 , in association with @entity34949 - @entity10431 membrane domains. Formation of @entity34949 - @entity10431 membrane complexes is dependent upon both the cytoskeleton and integrins. Specifically, the involvement of beta(1)-integrins was demonstrated by the inhibition of RET by an inhibitory anti- @entity2393 mAb. Based on these findings, we speculate that formation of heterogeneous lytic domains in the invading membranes of LOX cells increases the efficiency of directed pericellular proteolysis.

title: Molecular proximity of @entity34949 and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor on malignant XXXX cell membranes: dependence on beta1 integrins and the cytoskeleton.

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['uPAR', 'urokinase plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the 2-year outcomes of @entity1 with a @entity162 /mixed episode of @entity162 taking @entity1037 monotherapy or @entity1037 in combination with other agents. METHODS: EMBLEM (European Mania in @entity162 Evaluation of Medication) is a 2-year, prospective, observational study of clinical and functional outcomes of @entity162 @entity1 with an index @entity162 /mixed episode. The study consisted of two phases: acute (12 weeks) and maintenance (follow-up over 2 years). The longitudinal outcome measure was the @entity162 scale. Cox regression models compared outcomes of both therapy groups using intention-to-treat and switching medication analysis. Treatment-emergent adverse events were also assessed. RESULTS: 1076 @entity1 were included in this analysis. 29% took @entity1037 as monotherapy (n = 313) and 71% as combination (n = 763) at 12-weeks post-baseline (end of study acute phase). After adjusting for @entity1 characteristics using switching medication analysis, only relapse rates differed (p = 0.01) in favour of monotherapy-treated @entity1 . There was no significant difference in rates of improvement, remission, and recovery. @entity1 treated with combination therapy reported more @entity400 (OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.44-3.89) and @entity2011 (OR 3.08, 95%CI 1.45-6.54) treatment-emergent events than monotherapy, although weight change was greater in the monotherapy group. LIMITATIONS: Unknown confounding and potential selection bias may differentially impact treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: EMBLEM @entity1 benefitted from the selected therapy to a similar extent. Differences in @entity1 characteristics between those prescribed monotherapy and combination therapy appear to be clinically relevant in the treatment decision. Physicians must balance the benefits and risks when determining appropriate treatment for individual @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity1037 monotherapy and @entity1037 combination treatment in the long term following acute @entity162 --results of a two year observational study in XXXX (EMBLEM).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'Clinical Global Impression-Bipolar Disorder', 'Bipolar Longitudinal', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity286 use is the most important risk factor for the development of @entity2 . The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of smoking on the development of second @entity2 (SPLCs) and other clinical outcomes after surgery for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity1149 at the study institution from 1995 through 2008 were identified. Rates of SPLC were analyzed based on smoking status and pack-year exposure. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine risk factors for SPLC. Overall survival, local control, distant metastases, and postoperative mortality were also examined. RESULTS: A total of 1484 @entity1 were identified, including 98 never-smokers. The incidence of SPLC at 3 years, 5 years, and 8 years was 5%, 8%, and 16%, respectively. Only 1 never-smoker developed an SPLC. On multivariate analysis, which was restricted to ever-smokers with pack-years as a continuous variable, smoking history was found to be the only independent risk factor for SPLC (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.16 [P   =   .031]), corresponding to an 8% increased risk per 10 pack-year exposure. There were no differences in rates of local control or distant metastases based on smoking status. There was a trend toward lower postoperative mortality in never-smokers compared with ever-smokers (0% vs 3.3%; P   =   .069). Overall survival was found to be significantly worse for current smokers compared with former and never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: SPLCs are rare in never-smokers. Increasing @entity286 exposure is associated with a higher risk of SPLC in @entity1 with a history of smoking. Current smokers have an increased risk of mortality whereas former and never-smokers have comparable survival. @entity5 2014.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Smoking history predicts for increased risk of second XXXX : A comprehensive analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'primary lung cancers']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancer']


abstract: In spite of high cure rates and improved overall survival, 25% of pediatric @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) relapse after obtaining complete remission. Additionally a small proportion of @entity1 are refractory and do not attain remission. Microarray expression analysis of matched diagnosis-relapse B-lineage @entity981 sample pairs identified @entity23120 -3 as a potential marker of relapse. Here, validation of @entity23120 -3 as a marker for therapy resistance is explored. @entity23120 -3 expression was analysed by RQ-PCR in @entity1 paired samples at diagnosis and relapse of 6 early-relapse (within 18 months) and 8 late-relapse (beyond 18 months) B-lineage @entity981 . Diagnostic samples of 19 @entity1 with @entity981 who are in continuous complete remission (median time from diagnosis 47 month) and diagnostic samples of 5 refractory @entity1 who had not achieved remission at day 35 of therapy were also analyzed. In addition, overexpression of alpha-defensin1-3 proteins in blast cells at relapse was analysed by flow cytometry. @entity23120 -3 was overexpressed at relapse as compared to diagnosis in 12 of 14 samples. At diagnosis, the expression of @entity23120 -3 was significantly higher in samples from refractory @entity1 as compared to those of @entity1 who are in CR and to those of @entity1 who experienced late relapse. At diagnosis, @entity1 who relapsed early after diagnosis could not be distinguished from refractory @entity1 based on @entity23120 -3 expression levels. Results suggest that high levels of @entity23120 -3 mRNA and alpha-defensin1-3 protein expression are correlated with disease progression and failure of adequate response to conventional chemotherapy.

title: Validation by RQ-PCR and flow cytometry of alpha-defensin1-3 ( @entity23120 -3) overexpression in relapsed and refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: High-throughput omics have proven invaluable in studying @entity1 disease, and yet day-to-day clinical practice still relies on physiological, non-omic markers. The @entity209 , for example, is diagnosed and monitored by blood and urine indices such as blood cholesterol levels. Nevertheless, the association between the molecular and the physiological manifestations of the disease, especially in response to treatment, has not been investigated in a systematic manner. To this end, we studied a @entity19 model of diet-induced @entity2299 and @entity731 that was subject to various drug treatments relevant to the disease in question. Both physiological data and gene expression data (from the liver and white adipose) were analyzed and compared. We find that treatments that restore gene expression patterns to their norm are associated with the successful restoration of physiological markers to their baselines. This holds in a tissue-specific manner-treatments that reverse the transcriptomic signatures of the disease in a particular tissue are associated with positive physiological effects in that tissue. Further, treatments that introduce large non-restorative gene expression alterations are associated with unfavorable physiological outcomes. These results provide a sound basis to in silico methods that rely on omic metrics for drug repurposing and drug discovery by searching for compounds that reverse a disease's omic signatures. Moreover, they highlight the need to develop drugs that restore the global cellular state to its healthy norm rather than rectify particular disease phenotypes.

title: Drugs that reverse disease transcriptomic signatures are more effective in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['dyslipidemia']


abstract: In 86 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity189 endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and computerised tomography (CT) were performed during TN-staging (UICC 1987). 44 @entity1 were operated on and the histological findings were compared with the results of preoperative staging. The T-stage was correctly determined with EUS and CT in 35 (80%) and 24 (55%) @entity1 , respectively. The accuracy of EUS was 75%, 71%, 91% and 67% in stages T1 to T4. The sensitivity of EUS in the diagnosis of lymph node @entity3 was 91%, that of CT 42%. The specificity of EUS and CT was 64% and 100%, respectively. The accuracy for pN staging (N0/N1) was 84% with EUS and 57% with CT. The presence of local lymph node @entity3 was closely correlated to the pT-stage (1 @entity1 [14%] with @entity2558 -, 5 @entity1 [71%] with pT2-, 21 @entity1 [95%] with @entity1803 - and 6 @entity1 [100%] with pT4-stage). In 12 out of 34 @entity1 (28%) @entity5 induced @entity850 prevented a complete oesophageal passage of the EUS probe. This fact, however, did not compromise TN-staging significantly. Our study demonstrates that EUS is an efficient method in the locoregional staging of @entity189 . Especially in the early @entity5 stages T1 and T2 and in the demonstration of local lymph node @entity3 EUS is superior to CT.

title: [Endoscopic ultrasound in preoperative XXXX . A comparative study between endosonography and computerized tomography].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['TN staging of esophageal cancer']


abstract: Molecular changes are vital for the development of prognostic markers and therapeutic modalities of @entity263 (CaP). There is growing interest in mucins as treatment targets in @entity1 @entity5 , including CaP. The role of their expression in the progression of CaP is however unclear. We examined the expressions @entity2355 , @entity5091 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 in CaP tissues using tissue microarrays (TMAs) to look for @entity5 -associated antigens (TAAs) for targeted therapy. In this study, 120 paraffin-embedded specimens were selected from @entity1 who underwent radical retro-pubic prostatectomy (RRP) or trans-urethral-resection of the prostate (TURP) for primary, untreated CaP and 10 matched lymph node @entity3 . A series of MUC monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was used on TMAs by standard immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the over-expression of @entity2355 was detected in 58% of primary CaP tissues and 90% of lymph node @entity3 but not in normal prostate or benign tissues, while the expression of @entity5091 , @entity5088 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 was found to be negative in both normal and @entity5 tissues. Of the @entity2355 positive @entity5 86% were Gleason grade 7 or higher. Over-expression of @entity2355 was found in late stage CaP while @entity5091 , 4, 5AC and 6 were negative in CaP. @entity2355 is a @entity2796 that is highly related to @entity5 progression in CaP patients. This antigen is ideal for targeted therapy to control micrometastases and hormone refractory disease but additional studies are necessary to assess its usefulness in @entity1 biopsies and CaP bone @entity3 before clinical trial.

title: @entity2355 , XXXX , @entity5088 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 expression in the progression of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity5091 :: (4583,Gene) :: ['MUC2']


abstract: Enteropathogenic @entity526 (EPEC) previously were identified in poult @entity12463 ( @entity62503 )-affected @entity233 and associated as a cause of this disease. In the present study, the prevalence of EPEC in @entity62503 -affected @entity233 was examined retrospectively with archived tissues and intestinal contents collected from 12 @entity62503 -affected @entity233 flocks in 1998. @entity406 -fixed intestinal tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy for attaching and effacing (AE) lesions characteristic of EPEC, and frozen (-75 C) intestinal contents were examined for presence of EPEC. @entity526 isolates were characterized on the basis of epithelial cell attachment, fluorescent actin staining (FAS) test, and presence of @entity526 attaching/effacing (EAE), shigalike toxin (SLT) type I, SLT II, and bundle-forming pilus (BFP) genes by polymerase chain reaction procedures. EPEC isolates were examined for pathogenicity and ability to induce @entity75 in experimentally inoculated young @entity233 . @entity75 were identified by light microscopy in Giemsa-stained intestines from 7 of 12 @entity62503 -affected @entity233 flocks. Lesions consisted of bacterial microcolonies attached to epithelial surfaces with epithelial degeneration at sites of attachment and inflammatory infiltration of the lamina propria. Electron microscopy confirmed the identity of @entity75 in six of seven flocks determined to have @entity75 by light microscopy. EPEC were identified in 4 of 12 flocks on the basis of the presence of EAE genes a nd absence of SLT I and SLT II genes; all isolates lacked BFP genes. EPEC isolates produced @entity75 and variable mortality in @entity233 coinfected with @entity45418 . In total, EPEC were associated with 10 of 12 (83%) naturally occurring @entity62503 cases on the basis of identification of @entity75 and/or EPEC isolates. These findings provide additional evidence suggesting a possible role for EPEC in the pathogenesis of @entity62503 .

title: Prevalence of enteropathogenic XXXX in naturally occurring cases of poult @entity12463 .

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['AE lesions']

entities_list: @entity12463 :: ('MESH:D031261', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis-mortality syndrome']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formalin']

entities_list: @entity45418 :: ('11152', 'Species') :: ['turkey coronavirus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']