abstract: PURPOSE: to evaluate the quality of life of post-menopause @entity1 , users and non-users of @entity34 ( @entity34 ), in a Healthcare Unit in Franca, S  o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: a clinical transversal study, carried out with 250 post-menopausal @entity1 , with ages from 45 to 70 years old, attended to in Healthcare Units, from September 2007 to August 2008. @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity34 users (n=70) and non-users (n=180). @entity1 making continuous @entity34 use for at least six months were considered as users. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics have been evaluated. Blatt-Kupperman's menopausal index has been applied to assess climacteric symptoms, and the @entity1 's Health Questionnaire (WHQ), to assess their quality of life. Fisher's exact test or chi2 and Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis's tests have been used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: no significant difference has been found in the comparison of groups, concerning age, menarche, menopause, parity and body mass index. It has been seen that 67.2% of the @entity1 were married, 83.2% had attended primary school and 53.2% were housewives, with no difference between the groups. @entity34 users reported lower frequency of climacteric symptoms (BKMI) with moderate and marked intensity, as compared to non-users (p<0.001). Even though @entity34 users presented lower average score in @entity73 (p<0.001), vasomotor symptoms (p=0.04), sleeping problems (p<0.001), attractiveness (p=0.02) from the WHQ, there has been no difference in the total score, as compared to non-users. CONCLUSIONS: post-menopausal @entity1 , @entity34 users and non-users, admitted at Healthcare Units, have not presented differences in global quality of life.

title: [Quality of life in postmenopausal XXXX , users and non-users of hormone therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficit']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity101 @entity1 with large blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) have aggravated target organ damage. Because the @entity1369 /mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) system is a possible mechanism of @entity101 organ damage, we investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) whether a specific MR blocker, @entity14292 , would prevent @entity15882 -induced aggravation of @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS:    A @entity35 model of a combination of @entity101 and large @entity15882 was created by performing bilateral sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in SHRs. SAD increased @entity15882 without changing mean BP. SAD induced perivascular macrophage infiltration and aggravated @entity296 and @entity1283 , resulting in LV @entity299 . Immunohistostaining revealed SAD-induced translocation of MRs into the nuclei (ie, MR activation) of the intramyocardial arterial medial cells and cardiac myocytes. SAD increased phosphorylation of @entity14152 ( @entity14152 ), a regulator of MR nuclear translocation. Chronic administration of a subdepressor dose of @entity14292 prevented MR translocation, macrophage infiltration, @entity296 , @entity1283 , and @entity409 , while not affecting @entity15882 . Circulating levels of @entity1369 and @entity701 were not changed by SAD. CONCLUSIONS:    @entity14292 inhibited the aggravation of cardiac @entity32 and @entity101 , and thereby prevented progression of @entity409 in SHRs with large @entity15882 . This suggests that the @entity14152 -MR pathway plays a role in cardiac @entity32 and remodeling induced by large @entity15882 superimposed on @entity101 , independent of circulating @entity1369 .

title: Blood pressure variability activates cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor and induces XXXX in @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive cardiac remodeling', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac remodeling']


abstract: The thymoleptic drug @entity837 (CIT) belongs to the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is today extensively used in psychiatry. Further clarification of the enantiomer-selective distribution of racemic CIT in both clinical and toxic doses is highly warranted. By a steady-state in vivo paradigm, @entity35 underwent chronic systemic exposure for 10 days by using osmotic pumps and the total as well as the individual distributions of the S- and R-enantiomers of CIT, and its metabolites in serum and two different brain regions, were analysed. In serum, the S/R ratios in the groups treated with 10, 20, or 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) were 0.94, 0.83, and 0.34, respectively. The ratios were almost the same in the brain regions. In the group treated with 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1), the serum and brain total CIT levels were found to be 20 times and 6 - 8 times higher than in the @entity35 treated with 10 or 20 mg kg(-1) day(-1), respectively. In all groups, the CIT levels were higher in brain tissue as compared to serum. In a spontaneous open-field behavioural test, a correlation between clinical and toxic drug concentrations was observed. In conclusion, the R-enantiomer was present in an increased proportion compared with the S-enantiomer when higher steady-state CIT concentration was prevailing. This is of particular interest, since the S-enantiomer is responsible for the inhibition of @entity750 reuptake in vitro. The present data may be of importance, as full understanding on where different racemic or enantiomeric drug effects of CIT and its main metabolites are unravelled.

title: In vivo steady-state pharmacokinetic outcome following clinical and toxic doses of racemic @entity837 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity1 @entity3754 is a @entity281 caused byWuchereria bancrofti andBrugia malayi. Wide spectrum of clinical manifestations are seen in different clinical groups of @entity6565 @entity1 which comprises asymptomatic @entity1 with circulating microfilaria (MF), individuals with chronic @entity3885 ( @entity2723 ), Endemic normals (EN) who are asymptomatic and amicrofilaraemic or the relatively rare @entity5930 ( @entity5930 ). The cellular immune response to this infection varies in different clinical groups of filarial @entity1 . ranging from normal lymphocyte proliferative response in EN individuals to lymphocyte @entity6306 in MF to total parasite antigen [Brugia malayi antigen (BMA)]. But in response to recombinant filarial antigen (pRJ51) the lymphocyte proliferation is restored in MF @entity1 . Interestingly the lymphocytes from MFs responded normally to parasite antigen when EN serum was added in the culture whereas sera from MFs failed to revert the lymphocyte @entity6306 . In order to study the molecular mechanisms responsible for parasite antigen specific lymphocyte @entity6306 , we analysed both the @entity1198 and Th2 type cytokine gene expression profile in different clinical groups of filarasis @entity1 . MF individuals expressed elevated Th2 type cytokines like @entity3646 , @entity225 and @entity688 and decreased levels of @entity1199 and IFN-y in response to parasite antigen. Chronic @entity1 have elevated levels of both @entity1198 and Th2 type cytokines in response to parasite antigen. The EN individuals had a purely @entity1198 type pattern with absence of @entity3646 and @entity225 expression. These studies clearly demonstrate the role of Th2 cytokine like @entity688 in antigen specific @entity6306 seen in MF @entity1 . Any methods to arrest the progression of this disease should concentrate on the means to revert the Th2 type into @entity1198 type response in the MF @entity1 either by @entity1198 type cytokine therapy or by using recombinant filarial antigen which stimulates the @entity1198 response. Further the recombinant filarial antigen which induces @entity1198 type cytokine response could be used for immunoprophylactic studies.

title: Modulation of cellular immune response by cytokines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['tropical pulmonary eosinophilia', 'TPE']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic helminth infection']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to characterise tick species responsible for avian @entity277 in the UK, to analyse various risk factors for @entity11325 in @entity277 birds and to test samples for the presence of certain tick-transmitted pathogens. METHODS: Ticks, blood, splenic tissue and tick attachment site tissue from birds with attached ticks were requested from veterinarians and wildlife sanctuaries around the UK. Ticks were identified according to standard keys, and samples were analysed via DNA PCR test for @entity2069 sensu lato, @entity743 species, Bartonella species and Ehrlichia species. RESULTS: Ixodes frontalis was the most commonly identified tick, and an association of adult female I frontalis with @entity11325 in birds was demonstrated. @entity277 was markedly seasonal. I frontalis was found on 32 species of birds. DNA PCR testing was uniformly negative. Of the birds known to have been treated, 75 per cent (nine of 12) survived. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Tick-related syndrome is a poorly understood syndrome, with sporadic distribution, both geographically and seasonally. This study confirms I frontalis as the most common cause of this syndrome in the UK and identifies some features of the tick life cycle in this country. The benefit of treatment in affected birds is highlighted. Risk factors for @entity11325 are examined and preventive strategies discussed.

title: Ixodes frontalis and avian XXXX in the United Kingdom.

entities_list: @entity11325 :: ('MESH:D013985', 'Disease') :: ['tick-related syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['tick infestations', 'Tick infestation', 'tick-infested']

answer: @entity11325 :: (MESH:D013985,Disease) :: ['tick-related syndrome']


abstract: Changes in hemodynamic load cause alterations in cardiac myocyte size, with regional variations in myocyte size distribution possible within the ventricular wall. We studied regional changes in cellular dimensions and their distribution in two models of @entity1283 and in @entity299 in the @entity35 . Combined volume-pressure overload was produced by @entity17534 (T3) treatment; @entity194 was produced by heterotopic isotransplantation. Our previous data from long-term pressure overload after aortic constriction were used for comparison. Isolated ventricular myocytes were obtained after in vitro coronary perfusion with collagenase. Cell volume and its distribution were determined; cell length was directly measured by image analysis, and cross-sectional area was estimated from the cell volume/cell length ratio, assuming a cylindrical model. Myocyte @entity1184 resulting from @entity1378 and aortic constriction was primarily due to increased cross-sectional area. In both cases, the relative response was greater in the right ventricle than in the left ventricle. Within the left ventricle, epimyocardial myocytes enlarged the most. Aortic constriction and T3 treatment predominantly increased the size of smaller myocytes. Heterogeneity in myocyte size increased after constriction but remained relatively unaffected after T3 treatment. Atrophy of left ventricular myocytes was due to a proportional decrease in cell length and cross-sectional area, with the greatest decrease in the left ventricular endomyocardium. Atrophy predominantly affected larger myocytes, resulting in a more homogeneous overall population of smaller myocytes. We conclude that various alterations in load lead to diverse remodeling in the myocyte population throughout the ventricular wall. In general, smaller myocytes show the highest growth potential, whereas larger myocytes exhibit the highest potential to @entity194 .

title: Remodeling of myocyte dimensions in XXXX and atrophic @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac atrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to prevent @entity65 , it is essential to effectively manage overall risk of @entity65 . However, despite guideline recommendations to this effect, current management of the major, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors such as @entity101 and @entity2299 is disconnected and @entity1 adherence to therapy is poor. This is particularly important for @entity1 with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, who are often prescribed multiple medications. The JEWEL study program will investigate the use of single-pill @entity3591 / @entity2993 as a strategy to improve management of these @entity1 . METHODS: The JEWEL program consists of two 16-week, international, open-label, multicenter, titration-to-goal studies in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity2299 . The 2 studies differ based on country of enrollment and certain tertiary endpoints, but the overall designs are very similar. @entity1 have been enrolled from 255 centers across Canada and 13 European countries. The study is designed to assess the efficacy, safety, and utility of @entity3591 / @entity2993 single-pill therapy in a real-world setting. @entity1 will be initiated at a dose of @entity3591 5 mg/ @entity2993 10 mg, unless previously treated, and will be uptitrated as necessary. The primary efficacy parameter is the percentage of @entity1 , at different levels of cardiovascular risk, achieving country-specific guideline-recommended target levels for blood pressure and lipids. A secondary analysis of efficacy measured attainment of the same single goal for blood pressure across all study @entity1 (JEWEL I and II) and the same single goal for LDL-C across all study @entity1 (JEWEL I and II). The program will utilize a newly developed questionnaire to gain better understanding of @entity1 ' beliefs and behaviors towards medical treatment of their multiple risk factors. Approximately 2850 @entity1 will be enrolled in the program, which is due to be completed in August 2005. CONCLUSION: The JEWEL program will assess the effectiveness of a single pill ( @entity3591 / @entity2993 ) in targeting the two principal risk factors for @entity65 simultaneously to achieve nationally applicable treatment targets in a routine clinical practice setting.

title: Can combining different risk interventions into a single formulation contribute to improved @entity65 risk reduction? Rationale and design for an international, open-label program to assess the effectiveness of a single pill ( XXXX / @entity2993 ) to attain recommended target levels for blood pressure and lipids (The JEWEL Program).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['amlodipine']


abstract: OBIECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the safety of conservative treatment in @entity1 desiring preservation of fertility with stage IA @entity420 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical report of all @entity1 with stage IA @entity420 , endocervical subtype, with clear margins on cone biopsy, diagnosed in our @entity5 center inclusive between January 1995 and December 2007, were evaluated, after either conservative therapy or hysterectomy. All diagnoses were reviewed by a pathologist expert in gynecologic oncology. Follow-up methods include at least cervical cytology, colposcopy with direct biopsy if indicated, and cervical curettage. RESULTS: Of 783 laser cone biopsy specimens, 7 were diagnostic for microinvasive @entity420 , endocervical subtype (6 stage @entity9216 lesions and 1 stage @entity9217 lesion) with clear margins. No lymphovascular space invasion was seen. No residual invasive disease was observed in the specimens of 2 @entity1 treated with hysterectomy after conization. Five @entity1 treated with laser cone biopsy only are free of invasive disease at 44, 66, 72, 86 and 100 months; 1 @entity1 was found to have persistent @entity420 in situ on endocervical cytology. CONCLUSIONS: Cone biopsy as definitive therapy is safe in @entity1 with stage @entity9216 @entity420 , endocervical subtype, with clear margins and no lymphovascular space invasion. Because of the low reliability of follow-up techniques (cytology, colposcopy, and endocervical curettage), conservative treatment should be reserved only for @entity1 strongly desiring to preserve fertility and accepting the risk of recurrent disease.

title: Conservative treatment of microinvasive XXXX : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix']


abstract: Neoadjuvant combination endocrine therapy that uses @entity3086 and @entity12194 may result in various histologic changes in nontumoral and cancerous prostatic tissues. Posttreatment @entity1725 ovariilike change in @entity263 is a distinctive alteration that may be the only evidence of regressed @entity5 and can be potentially confused with @entity189 . We studied 53 clinically localized prostatic @entity420 after 3 to 5 months of treatment with @entity3086 and @entity12194 . Alterations in @entity263 in posttreatment radical prostatectomy specimens were assessed and compared with pretreatment needle biopsies. All radical prostatectomy specimens exhibited previously well-characterized therapy-associated changes in benign and malignant elements. Thirteen (20%) cases exhibited a distinctive alteration not seen in pretreatment needle biopsies that consisted of minute to large pools of extravasated secretions that resembled @entity19967 and that dissected through prostatic stroma with an infiltrative appearance when viewed at low power. Associated recognizable @entity5 was present in 10 of 13 (77%) of these cases. Secretions were basophilic in routine sections and contained occasional degenerated cells. Rare pancytokeratin positive cells were seen at the secretion/stroma interface with uniformly negative staining for the high molecular weight keratin 34 beta @entity18286 . The secretions were periodic acid-Schiff positive after diastase digestion and were mucicarminophilic and reactive with Alcian blue at a pH of 2.5. These foci comprised < 5% of the @entity5 in 5 cases and 5-40% in 5 cases. In 3 cases, 1-2 foci < 1.0 mm exhibited the @entity1725 ovariilike changes and were the only evidence of treated @entity5 . There was no correlation between the presence of pseudomyxomalike change and dose/duration of neoadjuvant therapy, postprostatectomy clinical follow-up, original or final Gleason pattern/score, or pathologic stage. Pseudomyxoma ovariilike change consists of extravasated acid @entity3558 , lacks prostatic basal cells, often occurs in intimate association with residual @entity263 in posttreatment radical prostatectomy specimens, and probably represents @entity5 regression as a result of @entity5 cell attrition secondary to @entity342 ablation.

title: Pseudomyxoma ovariilike posttherapeutic alteration in XXXX : a distinctive pattern in patients receiving neoadjuvant @entity342 ablation therapy.

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity12194 :: ('MESH:D005485', 'Chemical') :: ['flutamide']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomyxoma']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the @entity137 profile of @entity1 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) or intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) receiving doses of 82 Gy or more to portions of their prostate. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 treated with radiation therapy for @entity263 between June 1992 and August 1998 at the University of California, San Francisco received a maximal dose within the target volume (Dmax) of 82 Gy or more. Eighteen @entity1 were boosted selectively to a limited portion of their prostate using IMRT, whereas 26 @entity1 were treated with 3D-CRT and had unselected "hot spots" within their prostate. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute and late @entity137 scales were used to score gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) morbidity. RESULTS: Median follow-up and Dmax were 23.1 months (range 10.0 to 84.7) and 84.5 Gy (range 82.0 to 96.7), respectively. Of the @entity1 , 59.1% and 34.1% developed some level of acute GU and @entity344 , respectively. One @entity1 experienced grade 3 acute @entity344 . No other grade 3 or greater acute @entity137 was observed. The 2-year actuarial rates for freedom from late GI and GU morbidity were 77.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 60.4% to 87.5%) and 79.5% (95% CI 62.7% to 89.3%), respectively. Although no grade 3 or greater late GU morbidity has been observed to date, 3 @entity1 experienced grade 3 late GI morbidity. However, these cases involved @entity548 and were effectively managed with laser coagulation/fulguration. CONCLUSIONS: Doses of 82 Gy or more to a portion of the prostate gland can be tolerated with acceptable morbidity. This observation supports the continued investigation of IMRT as a means for improving disease control in @entity263 .

title: @entity137 following high-dose three-dimensional conformal and intensity-modulated radiation therapy for clinically localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and side effects of @entity1140 , a potent immunosuppressive macrolide antibiotic, in the treatment of sight-threatening @entity1596 . DESIGN: A clinical study of @entity1140 in @entity1 who required systemic immunosuppression for control of @entity1596 , but were refractory to @entity205 . @entity1 : Six @entity1 with @entity1596 were treated: three had Beh  et disease, one had microscopic @entity2883 , one had @entity2038 , and one had @entity4816 . INTERVENTION: @entity1 with sight-threatening @entity1596 refractory to @entity205 were treated with @entity1140 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular inflammation, visual acuity (VA), @entity2295 . Adverse effects of @entity1140 were documented. RESULTS: The @entity23351 remained controlled in all @entity1 while they were taking @entity1140 . Five of the six @entity1 showed improvement, defined as improvement of two or more lines of Snellen acuity or a decrease in the binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy score (P < 0.05, Sign test). One @entity1 with Beh  et disease showed a marked improvement in best-corrected VA from 1/60 to 6/24. Two @entity1 with Beh  et disease showed a modest improvement in VA in the affected eye and had no disease activity in the other eye. The @entity1 with microscopic @entity2883 was symptomatically improved, and there was no progression of the @entity23351 . The @entity1 with @entity2038 had an improvement in VA from 6/18 to 6/9. The @entity1 with @entity4816 showed partial regression of @entity2295 on @entity1140 . Side effects were less troublesome than with @entity205 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) has a useful role as an immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of sight-threatening @entity1596 in @entity1 who did not respond to @entity205 either because of lack of therapeutic effect or unacceptable adverse effects.

title: @entity1140 ( XXXX ) in the treatment of @entity23351 refractory to @entity205 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2038 :: ('MESH:D015868', 'Disease') :: ['pars planitis']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['FK506', 'Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis', 'idiopathic retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: In this paper we analyse the problems related to the "state of the art" in the treatment of @entity0 which has become, in Italy too, an increasingly prominent problem: it is the most frequently diagnosed female @entity5 , accounting for about 45,000 new cases/year (150/100,000 @entity1 ). In the last decade the approach to this disease has greatly evolved because of new surgical techniques, advances in adjuvant medical therapies, innovations in the field of radiotherapy, and wider use of biological parameters. We emphasize the emerging problem of @entity1137 in situ, because their biological patterns will be better identified and the related treatment extensively practiced in the next future. The innovations in surgery, which has now a less demolishing role, are reviewed focusing on the "sentinel axillary node" and the actual need for axillary dissection. In relation to @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ), we evaluate the role of adjuvant treatment also in node negative @entity1 , and the impact of neoadjuvant schedules on survival and @entity137 . Radiotherapy (RT) is complementary to conservative surgery, and its important role in preventing local relapse and in increasing @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) has been established; recent and more sophisticated techniques have reduced its acute and late @entity137 . We are however waiting for answers concerning the usefulness of a booster dose, the impact of RT on local relapse in @entity3821 , and the impact of RT to the breast regional lymph nodes on @entity1349 and disease-free survival (DFS). The optimal sequencing and timing of postoperative RT and @entity7730 are unknown, both concerning each other and surgery. Some possibilities include giving all planned @entity7730 before RT, all @entity7730 after RT, giving both concurrently, or giving a portion of @entity7730 before RT and then completing @entity7730 afterwards (sandwich technique): we analyse the advantages and the problems of these different therapeutic schedules in relation to the @entity1349 , the DFS and cosmesis. In conclusion, there are very few certainties to guide us in the clinical practice: the general feeling is that we need to collect more data on homogeneous groups of @entity1 to better understand which are the prognostic factors we can rely on, in order to choose the best treatment strategy, and which are the optimal schedules of adjuvant treatments ( @entity7730 and RT), with the aim of improving @entity1349 , DFS and cosmesis.

title: Clinical application of integrated treatments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ductal and lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage I and II breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Accurate localization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity292 in a @entity1 with CSF @entity5254 is challenging and often involves multiple imaging studies with associated expense and @entity1 discomfort. Intrathecal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and unenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) cisternography using constructive interference in steady state (CISS-3D) sequences are currently being used in attempt to localize the leakage site but with varying degrees of success. Our purpose is to evaluate the utility of intrathecal @entity2287 -enhanced MR cisternography (GdMRC) in @entity1 with CSF @entity5254 . Ten consecutive @entity1 of CSF @entity5254 (five spontaneous, four post-traumatic, and one post-operative) were evaluated with GdMRC. Nine of the @entity1 underwent intrathecal contrast CT and CISS-3D examinations in addition. Each of studies was reviewed independently by three neuroradiologists blinded to results of other modalities. Surgery was planned after consensus and surgical correlation obtained in nine cases. The fistulous site was clearly demonstrated by using GdMRC in eight @entity1 , CISS-3D in six, and intrathecal CT in three @entity1 . The site of leakage was confirmed surgically in all the @entity1 . One @entity1 was found to be false negative both by intrathecal CT and GdMRC, and in one @entity1 no fistulous site was demonstrated by any of the modalities and surgery was not offered. No adverse reaction was seen in any of the @entity1 . GdMRC is a novel method of confirmation and localization of CSF @entity292 with potential for routine clinical application. Diagnosis and localization of fistulous site is better demonstrated due to its high-contrast resolution, absence of bony artifacts, and direct multi-planar imaging.

title: Intrathecal @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance cisternography in XXXX : road ahead?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity5254 :: (MESH:D002559,Disease) :: ['cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea']


abstract: A thermal desorption equipment introducing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the gas chromatographic/ mass spectrometric system (GC/ @entity15 ) with simultaneous sniffing (SNIFF) is a suitable method for identifying the volatile organic off-odor compounds formed during the extrusion coating process of low-density @entity691 . Fumes emitted during the extrusion coating process of three different plastic materials were collected at two different temperatures (285 and 315 degrees C) from an outgoing pipe and near an extruder. The VOCs of fumes were analyzed by drawing a known volume of air through the adsorbent tube filled with a solid adsorbent (Tenax GR). The air samples were analyzed by using a special thermal desorption device and GC/ @entity15 determination. The simultaneous sniffing was carried out to detect off-odors and to assist in the identification of those compounds that contribute to tainting and smelling. The amounts of off-odor @entity6738 compounds and the total content of the volatile organic compounds were determined. The most odorous compounds were identified as @entity7574 while the majority of the volatile compounds were @entity9436 . The detection and quantification of @entity7574 were based on the characteristic ions of their mass spectra. The higher the extrusion temperature the more odors were detected. An important observation was that the total concentration of volatiles was dependent not only on the extrusion temperature but also on the plastic material.

title: Analysis of a GC/ XXXX thermal desorption system with simultaneous sniffing for determination of off-odor compounds and VOCs in fumes formed during extrusion coating of low-density @entity691 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity7574 :: ('MESH:D002264', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity7979 ( @entity7979 ) provides an important microenvironment for the development of oocytes. The biochemical composition of the @entity7979 plays critical role in the oocyte competence. The aim of our study was to compare the levels of selected hormones in @entity7979 of @entity249 @entity1 and healthy fertile oocyte donors. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Charles University and University Hospital in Pilsen; Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Endocrinology, IVF Centers Prof. Zech, Plze  . METHODS: Levels of prolactin, free T3 and free T4 hormones in the @entity7979 of 146 @entity1 were analyzed. We have analysed @entity7979 of 74 @entity249 @entity1 (mean age 31 years, SD = 4.65) and 72 healthy fertile oocyte donors (mean age 26 years, SD = 4.44). Only blood free samples were studied after pooling of all @entity7979 samples each @entity1 . Levels of hormones were determined using ECLIA method (Electro-Chemi-Luminiscent Immunoassay) on the Cobas e411. RESULTS: RESULTS showed statistically significantly higher levels of prolactin (p=0.0006) and free T4 hormone (p=0.0246) in @entity7979 of @entity249 @entity1 in comparison to the group of healthy fertile oocyte donors. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the presence of prolactin and thyroid hormones in @entity7979 and it can be suggested that they play a key role in the regulation of reproductive processes. The study of @entity7979 from donors and their detailed comparison with @entity249 @entity1 with various gynaecological causes of @entity249 has great value for better understanding of regulatory mechanisms of fertility.

title: [Comparison of prolactin, free T3 and free T4 levels in the follicular fluid of  XXXX @entity1 and healthy fertile oocyte donors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile']

entities_list: @entity7979 :: ('MESH:D005497', 'Disease') :: ['Follicular fluid', 'FF']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertile']


abstract: The orexin family of @entity1640 has been implicated in reinforcement mechanisms relevant to both food and drug reward. Previous behavioral studies with antagonists at the orexin A-selective receptor, OX(1), have demonstrated its involvement in behavioral sensitization, conditioned place-preference, and self-administration of drugs of abuse. Adult male Swiss-Webster @entity19 were implanted with stimulating electrodes to the lateral hypothalamus and trained to perform intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). The effects of the OX(1)-selective antagonist @entity23908 on brain stimulation-reward (BSR) and @entity2072 potentiation of BSR were measured. @entity23908 (10-30mg/kg, i.p.) alone had no effect on ICSS performance or BSR threshold. @entity2072 (1.0-30mg/kgi.p.) dose-dependently potentiated BSR, measured as lowering of BSR threshold. This effect was not blocked by 30mg/kg @entity23908 at any @entity2072 dose tested. In agreement with previous reports, @entity23908 resulted in a reduction of body weight 24h after acute administration. Based on these data, it is concluded that orexins acting at OX(1) do not contribute to BSR; and are not involved in the reward-potentiating actions of @entity2072 on BSR. The data are discussed in the context of prior findings of @entity23908 effects on drug-seeking and drug-consuming behaviors.

title: Orexin-1 receptor antagonism does not reduce the rewarding potency of XXXX in Swiss-Webster @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2072 :: ('MESH:D003042', 'Chemical') :: ['Cocaine', 'cocaine']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic neuropeptides']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic and predictive relevance of the expression of apoptosis-related proteins @entity589 , @entity1836 , and @entity2423 in advanced @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Tumor biopsies from 185 consecutive and homogeneously treated @entity1 with @entity43 were examined immunohistochemically for the expression of @entity589 , @entity1836 and @entity2423 proteins. Their prognostic relevance was examined in a uni- and multivariate survival analysis. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of @entity5 cases expressed @entity589 , 62% @entity1836 , and 53% @entity2423 . The expression of @entity589 correlated with @entity5 differentiation (P: =.016) and less @entity66 after surgery (P <.0001). In univariate analysis, @entity589 expression was associated with improved (P =.0004) prognosis and @entity2423 expression with poorer (P =.011) prognosis. None of the factors studied was of independent prognostic significance by itself, but when @entity589 and @entity588 expression data were considered together, this combined variable was of independent prognostic significance (P =.0115), together with @entity66 status (P =.0016), differentiation grade (P =.0014), and the presence of @entity843 (P =.0122). @entity1 with a long median survival (104 months) could be discriminated from those with a short one (16 months) by combining the individual @entity1 ' expression data for @entity876 , @entity589 , and @entity588 with their @entity66 status (P <.00001). None of the factors studied was able to predict response to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: The expression of selected apoptosis-related proteins is of independent prognostic significance and may be helpful in a molecular substaging of @entity1 with @entity43 .

title: Expression of apoptosis-related proteins is an independent determinant of XXXX prognosis in advanced @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'stage III ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Hemoglobin (Hb) @entity16655 's @entity4296 , the most severe @entity66 , occurs from homozygosity of @entity7723 1. Deletion of all 4 alpha-globin genes (- -/- -) in this condition results in the absence of alpha-globin chains, and the physiologic dysfunction of Hb @entity16655 's (gamma4) leads to lethality, either in utero or soon after birth. The best strategy for prevention and control of the disease is prenatal diagnosis in the mothers at risk. However, conventional prenatal diagnosis involves invasive procedures that may result in @entity281 . In this study, a simple technique was developed to identify the presence or absence of alpha-globin chains in fetal nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) enriched from maternal blood. Mononuclear cells including fetal NRBCs were isolated from maternal blood at 10 to 26 weeks of pregnancy by density-gradient centrifugation. Immunomagnetic separation with anti- @entity8282 antibody was employed to enrich fetal NRBCs, whose numbers increase with increasing gestational age. For the unaffected fetus, fetal NRBCs were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy after staining with rabbit antihuman alpha-globin antibody. In contrast, fetal red blood cells homozygous for @entity7723 1, which were identified from their size and morphology, did not stain for alpha-globin antibody. In this study, 3 affected fetuses were detected from 10 pregnancies at risk of Hb @entity16655 's @entity4296 , and the results were confirmed by DNA analysis. In the remaining cases, all fetal NRBCs were positive for immunofluorescence staining. DNA analysis revealed that 2 cases were normal, 1 was heterozygous for @entity7723 2, and the other 4 cases were heterozygous for @entity7723 1.

title: Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for hemoglobin XXXX 's @entity4296 .

entities_list: @entity7723 :: ('MESH:D017085', 'Disease') :: ['alpha-thalassemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemic disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection or abortion']

entities_list: @entity4296 :: ('MESH:D015160', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops fetalis']

answer: @entity16655 :: (23568,Gene) :: ['Bart']


abstract: @entity2636 (PU) is widely used in medical devices such as potting material in artificial dialysis devices, plasma separators, etc. Gamma-ray irradiation is frequently used for the sterilization of such devices. This paper reports that a carcinogen, @entity20587 ( @entity1865 , @entity20587 ), is produced from medical thermosetting PU by gamma-ray irradiation. Gamma-ray irradiated PU was immersed in @entity1042 or equine serum. The serum was treated with a mixture of 5N HCIO4: @entity1626 (1:10) in order to deproteinate and recover @entity1865 . It was found that @entity1865 is formed from thermosetting PU at around a few ppm in the original sample. The production of @entity1865 increased with increasing irradiation dose. The @entity1865 amount formed was related to the irradiation dose by a second order equation. Results of @entity1042 and serum extraction were similar. Pressurized steam (autoclave) sterilization in place of gamma-ray sterilization was also examined. @entity1865 production was not found in autoclave sterilization procedures. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of @entity1042 or @entity6442 ( @entity9104 ) extract of irradiated PU showed that the PU oligomers eluted. Time course of @entity1042 extract of irradiated PU was detected at 245.5 nm. This showed an exponential decline regardless of doses of irradiation.

title: Analysis of a carcinogen, @entity20587 , from thermosetting XXXX during sterilization.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity20587 :: ('MESH:C009505', 'Chemical') :: ["4,4'-methylenedianiline", "p,p'-diaminodiphenylmethane"]

entities_list: @entity6442 :: ('MESH:D004126', 'Chemical') :: ['N,N-dimethylformamide']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['polyurethane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Volume-dependent alterations of lung compliance are usually studied over a very large volume range. However, the course of compliance within the comparably small tidal volume (intratidal compliance-volume curve) may also provide relevant information about the impact of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary gas exchange. Consequently, we determined the association of the distribution of ventilation and perfusion with the intratidal compliance-volume curve after modification of positive end-expiratory pressure ( @entity9239 ). DESIGN: Repeated measurements in randomized order. SETTING: An animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Isolated perfused @entity95 lungs (n = 14). INTERVENTIONS: Surfactant was removed by bronchoalveolar lavage. The lungs were ventilated thereafter with a constant tidal volume (10 mL/kg body weight). Five levels of @entity9239 (0-4 cm @entity2507 ) were applied in random order for 20 mins each. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The intratidal compliance-volume curve was determined with the slice method for each @entity9239 level. Concurrently, pulmonary gas exchange was assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique. At a @entity9239 of 0-1 cm @entity2507 , the intratidal compliance-volume curve was formed a bow with downward concavity. At a @entity9239 of 2 cm @entity2507 , concavity was minimal or compliance was almost constant, whereas higher @entity9239 levels (3-4 cm @entity2507 ) resulted in a decrease of compliance within tidal inflation. Pulmonary gas exchange did not differ between @entity9239 levels of of 0, 1, and 2 cm @entity2507 . Pulmonary shunt was lowest and perfusion of alveoli with a normal ventilation-perfusion was highest at a @entity9239 of 3-4 cm @entity2507 . Deadspace ventilation did not change significantly but tended to increase with @entity9239 . CONCLUSIONS: An increase of compliance at the very beginning of tidal inflation was associated with @entity358 , indicating insufficient @entity133 by the @entity9239 level. Consequently, the lowest @entity9239 level preventing @entity133 could be detected by analyzing the course of compliance within tidal volume without the need for @entity358 .

title: Volume-dependent compliance and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in surfactant-depleted isolated XXXX lungs.

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar atelectasis', 'alveolar recruitment']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['total lung inflation', 'impaired pulmonary gas exchange']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: @entity172 and hormone replacement therapies are being tested to prevent the incidence of @entity65 in postmenopausal @entity1 . In spite of the evidence from several epidemiological studies suggesting that @entity172 protect against @entity731 and associated diseases, controversy exists. Moreover, it is important to develop synthetic compounds that achieve the beneficial effects of @entity172 on the cardiovascular system while minimizing such undesirable effects on other tissues as the increased risk of @entity0 . Some drugs that modulate @entity172 function in a tissue-specific manner (Selective @entity172 Receptor Modulators; SERMs) have been discovered and are currently being used in clinical practice. An example of these is @entity441 . Clinical and experimental data support the consideration of endothelium as a target for @entity53 and other sexual hormones. Among other actions, @entity53 has been implicated in the control of @entity4770 production through cyclooxygenases (COX) regulation in endothelial cells. Prostacyclins are powerful vasodilators and potent inhibitors of @entity1423 which are produced from free @entity1426 through the catalytic activity of two COX: @entity9859 and @entity2247 . Together, these COX represent the main control mechanism for @entity4770 production. Although several non-specific COX inhibitors have been available for decades ( @entity117 , @entity3352 , @entity5018 ), @entity2247 selective inhibitors have been commercialized only within the last few years, thus making it possible to increase the study and treatment of different disorders. This review will discuss clinical and experimental data that document the endothelial effects of @entity53 and SERMs on @entity4770 production and COX regulation, their vascular consequences, and their possible interactions with COX inhibitors.

title: Cyclooxygenases regulation by XXXX on endothelium.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity441 :: ('MESH:D020849', 'Chemical') :: ['raloxifene']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: Protection of a primary @entity48538 was measured against a homologueous challenge @entity281 in two independent experiments and this was correlated with serum immunoglobulin IgE responses. A @entity281 of 30 third stage larvae (L3) of D. viviparus on day 0 protects @entity291 for 70% against a challenge @entity281 of 2000 L3 on day 35 compared to @entity291 with no @entity281 . The variation in post mortem worm counts within this group (n = 6) was very large with mean worm counts of 145 (range 3-446) lungworms. Parasite specific IgA, IgE, IgG1 and IgG2 and total IgE levels in serum were measured by ELISA. Parasite specific IgA, IgG1 and IgG2 were elevated after @entity281 , but correlation with protection was only found with IgG1 levels on day 42 and with IgG2 levels on day 70. IgE was measured in a sandwich ELISA using antisheep IgE that cross-reacts with @entity291 IgE. No parasite specific IgE could be detected. However, total serum IgE was elevated after @entity281 and total serum IgE levels before and on the day of challenge correlated with protection (P < 0.05). Total serum IgE also correlates with peripheral eosinophil counts between days 14 and 28 after @entity281 . Western blots with three different parasite antigen preparations, L1, excretory/secretory products and crude worm adult antigens, were used to detect parasite specific IgE in sera depleted of IgG and IgM. These depleted sera from protected @entity291 contained parasite specific IgE, while sera from nonprotected @entity291 were negative. A band of approximately 100 kDa was recognized in all three antigens. In a second experiment, primary doses of 30, 60, 120, 240, 480 and 960 L3 of D. viviparus were used and necropsy was 11 days after challenge. This experiment confirmed the correlation between protection and total IgE levels before and on the day of challenge. The rapid and strong IgE responses in protected animals after such a @entity281 might be caused by the specific characteristics of the lungworm antigens or by the somatic migration of the worm and might be involved in the rapid development of protection against lungworm reinfections in @entity291 .

title: Serum immunoglobulin E response in XXXX infected with the lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus and its correlation with protection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'low infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity48538 :: ('MESH:D004022', 'Disease') :: ['Dictyocaulus viviparus infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calves']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous study has demonstrated that alkaline phosphatase (AP) may play a role in the control of intracellular lipid accumulation in the rodent preadipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1. The present study investigated whether AP may have a similar function in preadipocytes isolated from @entity1 mammary gland tissue. METHODS: Preadipocyte maturation was induced in the presence or absence of the tissue non-specific AP inhibitors @entity7305 and @entity3793 , and the tissue-specific AP inhibitor PheGlyGly. Cellular AP activity and adipogenesis were both assessed at 0 and 12 days post-induction of differentiation. RESULTS: After differentiation, AP activity increased 5.1 +/- 1.3-fold in the absence and 8.9 +/- 2.8-fold (P < 0.05) in the presence of @entity7305 . However, adipogenesis increased 1.95 +/- 0.11-fold in the absence but only 1.36 +/- 0.06-fold (P < 0.001) in the presence of @entity7305 . There was a 4.2 +/- 2.2-fold increase in AP activity in the absence and a 0.51 +/- 0.46-fold (P < 0.05) decrease in the presence of @entity3793 . Adipogenesis increased 2.09 +/- 0.35-fold in the absence of @entity3793 but only 1.22 +/- 0.30-fold (P < 0.05) in the presence of @entity3793 . PheGlyGly had no effects. Fluorescent microscopy showed AP activity was localized to the @entity412 -containing droplets of the cell. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to show that tissue non-specific AP inhibitors can block adipogenesis in @entity1 preadipocytes.

title: The effect of alkaline phosphatase inhibitors on intracellular lipid accumulation in preadipocytes isolated from XXXX mammary tissue.

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To assess the resectability of @entity1661 , three parameters were framed in the lateral view aortogram: AV index, @entity5427 index, and @entity5427 angle. AV index is the ratio of the maximum distance between the aorta/spinal column and the height of the fourth lumbar vertebral body (HV). @entity5427 index is the ratio of the maximum distance between the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and the HV. @entity5427 angle is the angle between the aorta and @entity6029 . Thirty-four aortograms from 21 @entity1 with @entity1661 were reviewed, and these parameters were measured in each of the aortograms. Radical resection of the @entity5 was achieved in ten of 12 @entity1 (83%) with an AV index less than 0.5; however, radical resection was performed in only three of 12 @entity1 (25%) with an AV index greater than or equal to 0.5. The AV index was less than 0.5 in ten of 13 @entity1 (77%) undergoing radical resection. On the other hand, resection was delayed in all ten @entity1 with an AV index greater than or equal to 0.5. Radical resection was achieved in 12 of 14 @entity1 (86%) when the @entity5427 index was less than 1.0, but in only one of ten @entity1 (10%) with an @entity5427 index greater than or equal to 1.0. Also, the @entity5427 index was less than 1.0 in 12 of 13 @entity1 (92%) with radical resection. However, surgery was postponed in all ten @entity1 with an @entity5427 index greater than or equal to 1.0. There appeared to be no significant relation between resectability and @entity5427 angle. The AV and @entity5427 indexes, which are derived from lateral view aortograms, seem to be useful parameters in assessing the resectability of @entity1661 .

title: Radiologic evaluation of surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['aorta/superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['resectability in abdominal neuroblastoma']


abstract: Vascular wall levels of soluble beta-amyloid1-40 (Abeta1-40) are elevated in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Moreover, plasma @entity5543 levels are increased in familial @entity195 , as well as in some cases of @entity195 . To determine the histopathologic and behavioral consequences of elevated vascular @entity5543 levels, Abeta1-40 (50 micrograms in distilled water) or vehicle was intravenously infused twice daily into 3-month old male @entity35 for 2 weeks. Intravenous @entity5543 infusions impaired blood-brain barrier integrity, as indicated by substantial perivascular and parenchyma IgG immunostaining within the brain. Also evident in @entity5543 -infused animals was an increase in @entity40 immunostaining around cerebral blood vessels, and an enhancement of OX-42 microglial immunostaining in brain white matter. @entity548 was noted in most @entity5543 -infused animals. All the observed changes occurred in the absence of Congo red birefringence. No significant @entity73 were present in @entity5543 -infused animals during water maze acquisition and retention testing, which was conducted during the second week of treatment. These results indicate that circulating @entity5543 can: (1) induce @entity409 /damage in both the brain and the periphery without complex @entity5543 fibril formation/deposition, and (2) induce an activation of brain astrocytes and microglia. Taken together, our results suggest that if circulating @entity5543 is elevated in @entity195 , it is likely to have a pathophysiologic role.

title: Intravascular infusions of soluble beta-amyloid compromise the blood-brain barrier, activate CNS glial cells and induce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Gross pulmonary hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['vessel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic AD', 'AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['peripheral hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of the cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) machinery have been linked to @entity5 development. @entity995 (Rb) protein results in release from inhibition of progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Hyperexpression of @entity10610 and @entity15308 may enable progression through late G1, S and the G2 phases of the cell cycle. METHODS/RESULTS: To investigate @entity5 -associated protein kinase activities, control and @entity5 samples were fractionated by MonoS chromatography and tested for their ability to phosphorylate histone H1. Two major peaks of histone H1 phosphotransferase activity were resolved. The first appeared in the flow through fractions, and occasionally showed enhanced activity in the @entity5 samples, whilst the second was consistently increased and eluted at approximately 0.4 M @entity1219 . Western immunoblotting with @entity10610 and PSTAIRE antibodies confirmed the co-elution of @entity10610 and @entity15308 with the second peak. Next, the phosphotransferase activities (following specific immunoprecipitation) and protein levels of @entity10610 , 2, 4, and 6 were determined in @entity1 @entity694 samples and their respective controls. @entity8985 activity was elevated in only 3 of 7 @entity5 samples (range 40-160%) relative to control samples from the same @entity1 , whereas a significant increase in @entity14107 activity was observed in the same group (p < 0.05). This contrasted sharply with the universal activations of @entity10610 (up to 18-fold, p < 0.01, n = 12) and @entity15308 (up to 17-fold, p < 0.05) in the same groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10610 especially, and to a lesser extent @entity15308 and @entity14107 demonstrate the most consistent biochemical activation in @entity1 @entity694 and may represent targets for pharmacological intervention. Cellular proliferation as gauged by @entity1758 was not directly correlated with the amplitude of activation.

title: Differential cyclin-dependent kinase expression and activation in XXXX @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperphosphorylation of the retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1146 , @entity1757 , and multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries (PA/VSD/MAPCA) has proven to be challenging. Therapeutic approaches have included staged unifocalization, shunting, coiling of collateral vessels, and heart/lung transplantation. Results have been variable and frustrating. Hoping to take advantage of growth potential in pulmonary segments supplied by MAPCA, a more radical approach was adopted in March of 1997. This consists of single stage complete unifocalization with closure of the @entity1757 and establishment of right ventricular to pulmonary arterial continuity with a cryopreserved pulmonary allograft (Rastelli type correction) through a midline sternal incision. METHODS: During an 18-month period, eleven consecutive @entity1 with PA/VSD/MAPCA underwent complete surgical correction. The ages ranged from 5 days to 5 months. Weights ranged from 2.2 to 5.6 kg. Through a standard median sternotomy incision, the pericardium and both pleural spaces were opened. Normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass was instituted. Section of all collaterals was accomplished without @entity519 , and all collaterals were ligated at their origin from the aorta. They were then brought through posterior mediastinum to construct a pulmonary artery confluence. The @entity1757 was closed, and continuity was established between the right ventricle and the newly created pulmonary artery confluence with cryopreserved allografts. RESULTS: Ten of 11 @entity1 survived operation, with postoperative courses that were uncomplicated. Length of stay ranged from 7-16 days, with a median length of stay of 11 days. One perioperative @entity204 occurred in a @entity1 with preoperative co-morbidities of @entity3166 , with no functioning gastrointestinal tract, @entity548 , and ventilator dependency since birth. At angiography, this @entity1 has no demonstrable central pulmonary arteries and multiple diminutive aorta pulmonary collaterals. Autopsy revealed no demonstrable pulmonary arteries within the @entity358 . All @entity1 have been followed closely, and have grown normally. Two @entity1 undergone repeat cardiac catheterization because of the echocardiographic demonstration of right ventricle pressures that had exceeded 50% of systemic. Both @entity1 were treated with balloon angioplasty and one of these @entity1 has had stenting of stenotic pulmonary arterial segments. No other @entity1 have required additional hospitalization. Right ventricular pressures have remained less than fifty percent of systemic by echocardiographic assessment in all other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We feel that a single stage correction of @entity1146 , @entity1757 , and multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries can be accomplished in early infancy with acceptable morbidity and mortality. The initiation of normothermic cardio-pulmonary bypass greatly facilitates dissection of collaterals and prevents @entity519 . Interventional cardiology with balloon angioplasty and stenting of abnormal pulmonary arterial segments is both an important essential adjunct in the management of these @entity1 . We remain optimistic that a single stage approach to this complex lesion coupled with cardiac catheterization, balloon angioplasty, and stenting, will provide long-term results superior to staged approaches.

title: The management of @entity1146 , XXXX , and multiple aorta pulmonary collateral arteries by definitive single stage repair in early infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: Functionally, @entity1246 receptor (GABAR)-mediated inhibition can be classified as phasic (synaptic) and tonic (extrasynaptic). The GABARs underlying tonic inhibition assemble from subunits different from those responsible for phasic inhibition. We wanted to assess the excitability of hippocampal pyramidal cell (PC) networks following a selective impairment of tonic inhibition. This is difficult to accomplish by pharmacological means. Because the GABAR alpha5 subunits mostly mediate the tonic inhibition in @entity4778 and @entity4779 PCs, we quantified changes in tonic inhibition and examined network excitability in slices of adult @entity32320 -/- @entity19 . In @entity32320 -/- @entity4778 and @entity4779 PCs tonic inhibitory currents were 60 and 53%, respectively, of those recorded in @entity164 ( @entity164 ), with no alterations in phasic inhibition. The amount of tonic inhibition recorded in slices was significantly affected by the method of slice storage (interface or submerged chamber). Field recordings in @entity32320 -/- @entity4779 pyramidal layer showed an increased network excitability that was decreased by the GABAR agonist @entity6341 at a concentration that restored the tonic inhibition of @entity32320 -/- PCs to the @entity164 level without altering phasic inhibition. Through a battery of pharmacological experiments, we have identified delta subunit-containing GABARs as the mediators of the residual tonic inhibition in @entity32320 -/- PCs. Our study is consistent with an important role of tonic inhibition in the control of hippocampal network excitability and highlights selective enhancers of tonic inhibition as promising therapeutic approaches for diseases involving network hyperexcitability.

title: Hippocampal network hyperactivity after selective reduction of tonic inhibition in XXXX A receptor alpha5 subunit-deficient @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: Introduction and aims A single hip screw is the recommended method of fixation for slipped @entity4039 (SUFE). Current practice favours the placement of the screw in the centre of the femoral head on both anteroposterior and lateral planes to avoid the risks of @entity2530 ( @entity2530 ). We investigated the correlation between different positions of the screw in the femoral head and the prevalence of @entity2530 , chondrolysis, late slippage and the time to epiphyseal closure. Methods The clinical notes and radiographs of 38 consecutive @entity1 (61 hips) who underwent single screw fixation for SUFE were evaluated retrospectively with a mean follow-up of 36 months. Two-way ANOVA and the post hoc test was performed to analyse the correlation between the different variables and the outcome at the 5% level of significance. Results There were 16 acute slips, 18 chronic slips and ten acute-on-chronic slips. Seventeen slips were treated prophylactically. Mild slip was encountered in 39 hips, moderate slip in four and severe slip in one. The central-central position was only achieved in 51% of cases. The most significant results of the study were as follows: (1) no significant difference between the time to epiphyseal closure and the position of the screw, and (2) no late slippage or chondrolysis was observed in our series. Conclusion Our results showed that the positioning of the screw other than in the centre of the femoral head has the ability to provide physeal stability and has no correlation with the timing to closure of the epiphysis and the risk of @entity2530 or chondrolysis. We therefore recommend that other positions be considered if the "optimal central-central position" is not initially achieved - specifically for the treatment of mild slip - as the potential hazards from several attempts to achieve the optimum position outweigh the benefits.

title: Screw placement in slipped XXXX : is good the enemy of better?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['upper femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['AVN', 'chondrolysis and avascular necrosis', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['upper femoral epiphysis']


abstract: The administration of anticancer @entity902 derivatives such as @entity900 , or @entity4028 antibiotics is frequently associated with @entity4295 which can eventually lead to @entity810 . Previously, we have shown that @entity8 induced by these drugs elicits a process of tissue repair involving the stimulation of cell proliferation. The present study was undertaken to examine the morphological alterations and the proliferative response resulting from @entity2890 administration to animals previously challenged with the @entity902 derivatives @entity900 and @entity3003 . Female @entity35 were treated i.p. with @entity900 (8 mg/kg delivered in four daily injections) or @entity3003 (40 mg/kg given in one injection) and sacrificed 21 or 60 days after drug administration. @entity2890 was administered i.p. twice a day at a daily dose of 10 mg/kg over the ten days preceding sacrifice. At 1 h before sacrifice, each animal received i.p. 200 microCi of @entity665 for the measurement of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation (determined by histoautoradiography). Successive treatments with @entity900 and @entity2890 appeared to produce an increase in the severity of histopathological alterations such as @entity4295 and @entity528 . Moreover, @entity900 pretreatment dramatically increased the severity of @entity2890 -induced lysosomal phospholipidosis. Histopathological alterations were followed by an important proliferative response partly associated with tubular regeneration but also due to fibroblastic proliferation which led to peritubular @entity82 . Surprisingly, the additive effect of @entity900 and @entity2890 on @entity8 became particularly striking with increasing time intervals between treatments. In contrast, successive treatments with @entity3003 and @entity2890 did not cause significative changes of the degree of @entity8 , compared with either drug given alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity8 and proliferative response after successive treatments with anticancer XXXX derivatives and @entity2890 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tissue injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['Tobramycin', 'tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cystic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: 1. The excitatory innervation of @entity291 tracheal smooth muscle has been studied with the @entity969 -gap apparatus.2. Single 2 ms electrical stimuli applied to the whole tissue excited intrinsic nerves, and produced a small transient depolarization of the smooth muscle, the excitatory junction potential (e.j.p.). The e.j.p. caused a twitch-type contraction; twitches and e.j.p.s summated during repetitive stimulation but facilitation was not observed, and action potentials were never elicited.3. The effects of electrical stimulation could be abolished by @entity3897 (5 x 10(-7) mol/l) and augmented by @entity1339 (4 x 10(-6) mol/l), and were mimicked by exogenous @entity934 (1.0 mug/ml).4. With the electron microscope, the density of innervation was found to be low (one axon per ninety smooth muscle cells). Axons were found in small groups in the clefts between bundles of cells, but no axons penetrated within the muscle bundles. Naked axon varicosities containing agranular vesicles were seen, but no axon approached within 200 nm of a smooth muscle cell.5. It is difficult to reconcile the sparsity of innervation with the dependence of the tissue on nerve excitation to initiate activity.

title: A study of excitatory neuromuscular transmission in the XXXX trachea.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess the efficacy of intramuscular (i.m.) @entity2995 in the treatment of @entity4850 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with crystal proven @entity4850 presenting with an acute attack within 5 days of onset were treated with intramuscular @entity2995 60 mg and followed for 30 days. @entity1 with inadequate response were eligible for a 2nd @entity2995 injection on Day 1-2. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 had contraindication to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (NSAID). Acute @entity625 was monoarticular in 10 @entity1 , and involved 2 or more joints in 4 @entity1 . All @entity1 had good clinical response to @entity2995 based on restoration of near @entity2720 and joint circumference, and at least 50% improvement in @entity1 and physician global assessment. Major clinical improvement occurred by Day 1-2 (2 @entity1 ), Day 3-4 (11 @entity1 ), and Day 10-14 (one @entity1 ). Six @entity1 required a 2nd @entity2995 injection on Day 1-2. @entity137 were not observed. CONCLUSION: I.m. @entity2995 appears to be safe, well tolerated, and effective in the treatment of @entity4850 . It may be a reasonable alternative therapy when NSAID are contraindicated, and for polyarticular attacks where intraarticular corticosteroids are impractical.

title: Prospective use of intramuscular XXXX in @entity4850 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['baseline joint range of motion']

entities_list: @entity4850 :: ('MESH:D002805', 'Disease') :: ['pseudogout']

answer: @entity2995 :: (MESH:D014222,Chemical) :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']


abstract: Targeting the @entity470 pathway in @entity788 seems to be an attractive therapeutic approach. This study assessed the efficacy of cetuximab plus the combination of @entity136 / @entity901 in metastatic @entity788 . Eligible subjects had histological or cytological diagnosis of metastatic @entity788 . The primary end point was response according to RECIST. @entity1 received cetuximab 400 mg m(-2) at first infusion followed by weekly 250 mg m(-2) combined with @entity136 1000 mg m(-2) as a 100 min infusion on day 1 and @entity901 100 mg m(-2) as a 2-h infusion on day 2 every 2 weeks. Between January 2005 and August 2006, a total of 64 @entity1 (22 @entity1 (34%), 42 @entity1 (66%); median age 64 years (range 31-78)) were enrolled at seven study centres. On October 2007, a total of 17 @entity1 were alive. Sixty-two @entity1 were evaluable for baseline and 61 for assessment of response to treatment in an intention-to-treat analysis. Six @entity1 had an incomplete drug combination within the first cycle of the treatment plan (n=4 hypersensitivity reactions to the first cetuximab infusion, n=2 refused to continue therapy). Reported grade 3/4 @entity137 (% of @entity1 ) were leukopaenia 15%, @entity417 8%, thrombocytopaenia 10%, @entity294 7%, @entity390 18%, infection 18% and @entity566 7%. Cetuximab-attributable skin reactions occurred as follows: grade 0: 20%, grade 1: 41%, grade 2: 30% and grade 3: 10%. The intention-to-treat analysis of 61 evaluable @entity1 showed an overall response rate of 33%, including 1 (2%) complete and 19 (31%) partial remissions. There were 31% @entity1 with stable and 36% with progressive disease or discontinuation of the therapy before re-staging. The presence of a grade 2 or higher @entity1910 was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving objective response. Median time to progression was 118 days, with a median overall survival of 213 days. A clinical benefit response was noted in 24 of the evaluable 61 @entity1 (39%). The addition of cetuximab to the combination of @entity136 and @entity901 is well tolerated but does not increase response or survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 .

title: Cetuximab plus @entity136 / XXXX (GEMOXCET) in first-line metastatic @entity788 : a multicentre phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: In vivo studies on @entity421 are limited by the relative low incidence of this @entity5 in @entity1 . Therefore, there is a high dependence on a reliable experimental @entity5 model. In previous studies, a transplantable @entity421 of the athymic nude @entity35 was established. In the present study the content and pattern of distribution of immune effector cells within this @entity421 were investigated by immunohistochemistry, and were related to histomorphologic findings. The absence of T-like cells within the @entity5 of 1- to 2-month-old athymic nude @entity35 was shown using the T-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody OX-19. In contrast, OX-6-positive cells, representing B lymphocytes and macrophages, were distributed throughout the whole @entity5 with a discrete accumulation at the borderline between the peripheral @entity5 tissue and the central necrotic area. Using the macrophage-specific monoclonal antibody ED1 we found the accumulation of mononuclear cells to consist mainly of macrophages. The distribution of these macrophages was closely related to @entity5 characteristics: the major proportion was found in the proliferative peripheral part of the @entity5 with highest macrophage content at the border to the central @entity39 . As the measurement of @entity5 @entity39 in @entity421 plays an important role in the judgement of therapeutic response, this distinct delimitation of @entity5 @entity39 by macrophages could be helpful in the evaluation of therapeutic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of immune effector cells within an experimental XXXX of the nude @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'histomorphologic tumor', 'proliferative tumor']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of @entity150 is the most common @entity5 in the urinary system. Genetic instability is an essential property of @entity5 and could be evaluated by microsatellite analysis. Alterations in numerous microsatellite loci are already described in urinary bladder @entity1606 . The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of only two microsatellite loci for the detection of bladder @entity1606 , and their correlation with the major clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: We analyzed the tissue samples derived from 70 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity1606 of the urinary bladder, collected by transurethral resection, and samples of normal bladder mucosa derived from 40 @entity1 with nonmalignant diseases. Microsatellite alleles @entity19330 and D18S51 were amplified in paired samples of tissue and leukocyte DNA from each @entity1 , and were analyzed by electrophoresis. RESULTS: Microsatellite alterations at either @entity19330 or D18S51locus, or in both, were detected in 46 out of the 70 @entity1 (65.71 %) with @entity1606 , but not in the @entity1 of the control group. We found a significant statistical correlation between the frequencies of @entity1 with microsatellite alterations in the examined loci and all three grades of histopathological T-classification. No significant correlation was found regarding the stages or the occurrence of recidivism, @entity3 or @entity5 -related @entity204 within the two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that two selected microsatellite markers could have a potential value in clinical and pathological evaluation of urinary bladder @entity1606 , especially regarding the prediction of @entity5 differentiation. Additional studies and further validation of the method are needed. Hippokratia 2015; 19 (3): 200-204.

title: Alterations of microsatellite loci XXXX and D18S51 in @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity19330 :: (2934,Gene) :: ['GSN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information is available on the risk and impact of @entity8 on the response to beta-blockade and mode of @entity204 in @entity712 (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS: Renal function was estimated with glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the simplified @entity8 ( @entity8 ) equation. @entity1 from the @entity1406 CR/XL Controlled Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic HF (MERIT-HF) were divided into 3 renal function subgroups ( @entity8 formula): eGFR( @entity8 ) > 60 (n = 2496), eGFR( @entity8 ) 45 to 60 (n = 976), and eGFR( @entity8 ) < 45 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) body surface area (n = 493). Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated with Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for prespecified risk factors. Placebo @entity1 with eGFR < 45 had significantly higher risk than those with eGFR > 60: HR for all-cause mortality, 1.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28 to 2.81) comparing placebo @entity1 with eGFR < 45 and eGFR > 60, and for the combined end point of all-cause mortality/hospitalization for worsening HF (time to first event): HR, 1.91 (95% CI, 1.44 to 2.53). No significant increase in risk with @entity177 was observed for those randomized to @entity1406 controlled release (CR)/extended release (XL) due to a highly significant decrease in risk on @entity1406 CR/XL in those with eGFR < 45. For total mortality, @entity1406 CR/XL vs placebo: HR, 0.41 (95% CI. 0.25 to 0.68; P < .001) in those with eGFR < 45 compared with HR, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.95; P < .021) for those with eGFR > 60; corresponding data for the combined end point was HR, 0.44 (95% CI, 0.31 to 0.63; P < .0001) and HR, 0.75 (0.62 to 0.92; P = .005, respectively; P = .095 for interaction by treatment for total mortality; P = .011 for combined end point). @entity1406 CR/XL was well tolerated in all 3 renal function subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Renal function as estimated by eGFR was a powerful predictor of @entity204 and hospitalizations from worsening HF. @entity1406 CR/XL was at least as effective in reducing @entity204 and hospitalizations for worsening HF in @entity1 with eGFR < 45 as in those with eGFR > 60.

title: The influence of renal function on clinical outcome and response to beta-blockade in XXXX : insights from @entity1406 CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in Chronic HF (MERIT-HF).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'renal dysfunction', 'Modification of Diet in Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['deceased renal function']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol', 'Metoprolol']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['systolic heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior @entity308 (APSTD) is common in the setting of @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The presence of APSTD correlates with increased risk of adverse outcomes in @entity1 with acute @entity583 as well as more myocardium at risk as assessed by sestamibi, larger @entity1188 , lower ejection fractions, and more severe wall motion abnormalities in the @entity1188 region. The ECG leads associated with APSTD (V1-V3) are generally thought to represent electrical activity subtended by the anterior myocardium, which is perfused by the left anterior descending artery (LAD). To determine whether APSTD is associated with @entity1503 in the uninvolved or non-culprit LAD, we assessed TIMI flow grades and corrected TIMI frame counts (CTFC) in both the culprit and non-culprit arteries of @entity583 @entity1 . METHODS: Data were drawn from the TIMI 10B trial of tenecteplase versus front-loaded tissue plasminogen activator in acute MI. Baseline ECGs were obtained within 12 hours of symptom onset, and angiography was performed 90 minutes following thrombolytic administration. A @entity1 was considered to have @entity308 if any ST-segment @entity308 was present in any of leads V1-V3. RESULTS: The majority of @entity583 's were due to right coronary @entity432 , both in @entity1 with APSTD (79.6%) and without APSTD (77.9%). In @entity1 in whom the LAD was not the culprit artery but with APSTD were significantly less likely to have TIMI 3 flow at 90 minutes and more likely to have TIMI 2 flow. There was a trend toward slower CTFC in APSTD @entity1 (27.2 +/- 13.4 vs. 22.6 +/- 8.5 frames/sec, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with acute @entity583 associated with @entity308 , flow in the non-culprit left anterior descending artery was slower than that in @entity1 without APSTD. This finding may partially explain the occurrence of APSTD in @entity583 .

title: @entity308 in XXXX is associated with slow flow in the non-culprit left anterior descending artery.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['precordial ST-segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['IMI', 'inferior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['inferior myocardial infarction']


abstract: Prospective data were collected over a 7-year period on @entity1 undergoing repair of @entity1317 following arterial cannulation. From 9375 procedures (7790 coronary angiograms, 835 coronary angioplasties, 445 other cardiac catheterizations, 155 femoral angiograms, 150 peripheral angioplasties) surgical repair was required in 26 @entity1 . The overall incidence of significant injury was 0.28% and higher in therapeutic than diagnostic procedures. The mode of presentation included: critical limb ischaemia in 18 cases, false @entity439 in three, haematoma in three and @entity613 in two. The common femoral artery was the most common site of injury. No @entity1 presenting with false @entity439 or haematoma suffered any deleterious sequelae. However, 50% of those presenting with critical ischaemia suffered @entity2319 after operation. The median delay to surgery was significantly longer in this group (24 versus 4 h; P < 0.001) but there was no difference in age or incidence of underlying @entity1095 . The physical, psychological and litigious sequelae of the complications of @entity1317 cannot be overstated. It is strongly advocated that immediate surgical consultation be applied when limb ischaemia is suspected.

title: Iatrogenic XXXX following arterial cannulation: the importance of early surgery.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic vascular injury']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vascular injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment on @entity130 . METHODS: From April 2000 to August 2010, 12 @entity1 with acute @entity130 of superior tibiofibular joint were treated including 10 males and 2 females with an average age of 30.6 years old ranging from 18 to 60 years. According to Ogden classification, 8 cases were the anterolateral dislocation, 2 were posterior-medial dislocation, and 2 were upward dislocation. All @entity1 had swelling in lateral-inferior of knee, fibular head prominent, fibular @entity10 , floating feeling in head of fibula. One case was treated by conservative treatment, and the remaining 11 cases by surgical treatment. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed-up for 10 months to 3 years (means 18 months). Evaluation by Lysholm scoring,the total scores were 95.08 +/- 2.02, involving limbing 4.92 +/- 0.28, support 4.92 +/- 0.28, interlocking 15.00 +/- 0.00, instability 24.58 +/- 0.79, @entity158 22.50 +/- 1.24, swell 8.50 +/- 0.90, climbing stairs 9.75 +/- 0.62, squatting 4.92 +/- 0.28; 11 cases achieved excellent results and 1 good. Nerve functional recovered. X-ray was no longer dislocation. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity130 is easy misseddiagnosis, surgery is the main treatment method, the prognosis is good.

title: [ XXXX of superior tibiofibular joint].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['head pain']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Traumatic dislocation']


abstract: Within the vertebrate host, @entity281 of a @entity311 parasite ( @entity28412 ) could include a single genotype of cells (single-clone @entity281 ) or two to several genotypes ( @entity281 ). Clonal diversity of @entity281 plays an important role in the biology of the parasite, including its life history, virulence, and transmission. We determined the clonal diversity of @entity28412 , a lizard @entity311 parasite at a study region in northern California, using variable microsatellite markers, the first such study for any @entity311 parasite of lizards or birds (the most common hosts for @entity28412 species). @entity281 are common (50-88% of @entity281 among samples), and measures of genetic diversity for the metapopulation (expected heterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, allele length variation, and effective population size) all indicated a substantial overall genetic diversity. Comparing years with high prevalence (1996-1998 = 25-32% lizards infected), and years with low prevalence (2001-2005 = 6-12%) found fewer alleles in samples taken from the low-prevalence years, but no reduction in overall diversity (H = 0.64-0.90 among loci). In most cases, rare alleles appeared to be lost as prevalence declined. For sites chronically experiencing low transmission intensity (prevalence approximately 1%), overall diversity was also high (H = 0.79-0.91), but there were fewer @entity281 . Theory predicts an apparent excess in expected heterozygosity follows a genetic bottleneck. Evidence for such a distortion in genetic diversity was observed after the drop in parasite prevalence under the infinite alleles mutation model but not for the stepwise mutation model. The results are similar to those reported for the @entity1 @entity311 parasite, @entity3964 , worldwide, and support the conclusion that @entity311 parasites maintain high genetic diversity in host populations despite the potential for loss in alleles during the transmission cycle or during periods/locations when transmission intensity is low.

title: Clonal diversity of a lizard @entity311 parasite, XXXX , in its vertebrate host, the western fence lizard: role of variation in transmission intensity over time and space.

entities_list: @entity28412 :: ('27989', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium mexicanum']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Multiclonal infections', 'multiclonal infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'multiclone infections']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity28412 :: (27989,Species) :: ['Plasmodium mexicanum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A previous study of @entity1 with stage I to III @entity0 showed that those @entity1 whose @entity5 were in the highest tertile of @entity4043 overexpression experienced a higher risk for recurrence. This study was designed to determine whether high @entity4043 overexpression predicts @entity5 recurrence independent of nodal status by specifically targeting @entity1 with node-positive disease. METHODS: The prospective trial was designed to accrue 168 @entity1 with @entity0 to detect a 2.5-fold increase in risk for recurrence. @entity4043 level was quantified by Western blots as x-fold elevated compared with breast tissues from noncancer @entity1 . End points measured were disease recurrence and @entity5 . Statistical analyses performed include survival analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and @entity797 proportional hazard model. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four @entity1 with @entity0 were accrued. All @entity1 fulfilled study inclusion and exclusion criteria, treatment protocol, and surveillance requirements, with a compliance rate >95%. The mean @entity4043 elevation was 11.0 +/- 7.0-fold (range, 1.4-34.3-fold). Based on previously published data, tertile distribution was as follow: 1) lowest tertile (<7.5-fold) = 67 @entity1 , 2) intermediate tertile (7.5-14-fold) = 54 @entity1 , and 3) highest tertile (>14-fold) = 53 @entity1 . At a median follow up of 32 months, @entity1 with the highest tertile had a statistically significant higher @entity5 recurrence rate (log-rank test, P = 0.002) and @entity5 rate (P = 0.036) than the lowest group. Relative risk calculations demonstrated that high @entity4043 @entity1 had a 2.4-fold increase in relative risk increase for @entity5 recurrence (95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.1; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study designed to specifically address risk for recurrence in @entity1 with @entity0 , the @entity1 whose @entity5 were in the highest tertile of @entity4043 overexpression had a 2.4-fold increase in relative risk for @entity5 recurrence. Therefore, @entity4043 overexpression appears to be an independent predictor of a worse outcome in @entity1 with @entity0 independent of nodal status.

title: A prospective trial on initiation factor 4E ( @entity4043 ) overexpression and XXXX recurrence in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']