abstract: @entity7853 (HI; reduced @entity26 and/or blood flow to the brain) can cause various degrees of tissue damage, as well as subsequent cognitive/behavioral deficits such as motor, learning/memory, and @entity1650 . These outcomes frequently result from cardiovascular and/or respiratory events observed in premature @entity1 . Data suggests that there is a sex difference in HI outcome, with males being more adversely affected relative to comparably injured females. Brain/body temperature may play a role in modulating the severity of an HI insult, with @entity2332 during an insult yielding more favorable anatomical and behavioral outcomes. The current study utilized a postnatal day (P) 7 rodent model of @entity7853 to assess the effect of temperature modulation during injury in each sex. We hypothesized that female P7 @entity35 would benefit more from lowered body temperatures as compared to male P7 @entity35 . We assessed all subjects on rota-rod, auditory discrimination, and spatial/non-spatial maze tasks. Our results revealed a significant benefit of temperature reduction in HI females as measured by most of the employed behavioral tasks. However, HI males benefitted from temperature reduction as measured on auditory and non-spatial tasks. Our data suggest that temperature reduction protects both sexes from the deleterious effects of @entity7853 , but task and sex specific patterns of relative efficacy are seen.

title: Sex differences in behavioral outcomes following temperature modulation during induced neonatal hypoxic ischemic injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory impairments']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['HI injury', 'Neonatal hypoxia ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Abstract 1.   The purpose of this study was to clarify species differences in the heteroactivation of @entity5322 substrates by efavirenz, which is known from clinical studies to activate @entity1363 1'-hydroxylation, and to assess the feasibility of an animal model. 2.   In monkey and @entity1 liver microsomes, efavirenz activated @entity5322 -mediated @entity1363 1'-hydroxylation, but had no effect in @entity35 liver microsomes. The activating effect of efavirenz was also observed with recombinant @entity1 @entity5322 and @entity5396 . @entity1363 4-hydroxylation, @entity251 6b-hydroxylation and the oxidation of @entity594 were not activated by efavirenz in any of the microsomes. 3.   In an in vivo study using monkeys, the AUC ratio of @entity1363 / @entity30532 was reduced from 0.85 to 0.30 by efavirenz treatment, which was comparable to that obtained in clinical studies. However, the AUC changes of @entity1363 caused by efavirenz were smaller than those observed in clinical results, therefore the effect of efavirenz on monkeys was not completely consistent with that seen in @entity1 . 4.   In conclusion, this is the first report that efavirenz specifically activates @entity1363 1'-hydroxylation only in monkey and @entity1 liver microsomes, revealing marked species differences and high substrate specificity in the heteroactivation. A further study is required to clarify whether this in vitro result reflects the in vivo situation.

title: Species differences and substrate specificity of XXXX heteroactivation by efavirenz.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity30532 :: ('MESH:C040081', 'Chemical') :: ["1'-hydroxymidazolam"]

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam', 'Midazolam']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A']


abstract: @entity3974 , a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, has recently been shown, in a dose of 8 mg, to be superior to 1.25 mg @entity6918 in preventing @entity1209 . There are indications that a dose of 4 mg of @entity3974 may be just as effective in reducing @entity1209 as a dose of 8 mg. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the adverse effects of 4 mg @entity3974 in the prevention of @entity1209 compared to @entity6918 in @entity1 undergoing surgery with inhalation anaesthesia supplemented with @entity680 . METHODS. Following institutional approval, 40 ASA physical status I and II @entity1 scheduled for minor gynaecological surgery gave informed consent to participate in this randomized, double-blind comparative study. Five minutes before induction of general anaesthesia, 20 @entity1 received a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 4 mg of @entity3974 and the remaining 20 received 1.25 mg @entity6918 i.v. Anaesthesia was induced with 2.1-4 mg/kg of @entity4490 and 0.1 mg of @entity680 i.v. and maintained with 65% @entity3810 and 1.5%-3% @entity4488 in @entity26 . On @entity158 stimuli another 0.2-0.4 mg of @entity680 was given. Total effective antiemetic response was defined as the absence of @entity390 and @entity391 for 24 h postoperatively. The incidence of @entity390 , @entity391 and the number of @entity1 showing total antiemetic response as well as the incidence of adverse effects were compared with the chi 2 test and P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS. @entity1 were similar with respect to age, height, body weight and total anaesthetic agents received. Duration of anaesthesia and the time until awakening was not significantly different among groups. Postoperatively 7 out of 20 @entity1 given 4 mg of @entity3974 and 3 out of 20 @entity1 with @entity6918 vomited (n.s.). The incidence of @entity390 was 11 out of 20 in the @entity3974 group, and 4 out of 20 in the @entity6918 group (P < 0.05). Sixteen @entity1 in the @entity6918 group and 8 @entity1 in the @entity3974 group showed a total effective antiemetic response (P < 0.05). Postoperative sedation and well-being scores did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSION. Our results show that for the prevention of @entity1209 4 mg of @entity3974 was inferior to 1.25 mg of @entity6918 . The drugs were given intravenously prior to general anaesthesia for minor gynaecological surgery with @entity3810 and @entity4488 in @entity26 supplemented with small boluses of @entity680 .

title: [ XXXX as prophylaxis for @entity1209 . A prospective randomized double-blind comparative study with @entity6918 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopental']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity4488 :: ('MESH:D004737', 'Chemical') :: ['enflurane']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['Ondansetron']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To 1. Highlight the demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory investigations and outcome if possible of a relatively rare disease ( @entity11533 {AOSD}) and 2. To compare our results with those reported earlier by others. METHOD: A retrospective review of the clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations in 6 @entity1 admitted with AOSD. Data were collected from clinical summary of each case highlighting the demographic, clinical features and relevant investigation. The diagnosis was made on clinical base and supported by the laboratory and radiological examinations to confirm the diagnosis and/or exclude other differential diagnoses. RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 (21.6), presence of fever (80.2%) and its pattern, @entity1910 (80.2%), @entity4841 (100%), @entity625 (66.65%), and the duration of @entity7127 , all these findings were compatible with earlier results. However young adult females constitute (80.2%) of our small group, which is quite high in comparison with others. @entity381 (33.3%), @entity382 (16.6%), and @entity3329 (16.6%) were less than that reported by others who have more serious intra-abdominal visceral involvement. One @entity1 (16.65%) had a fatal @entity1151 , although usually @entity358 is a mild one. None of our @entity1 had neurological, ophthalmological or hearing involvement. The results of the investigations and radiological findings are more or less similar to those in other series. CONCLUSION: The clinical and laboratory characteristics of our small number of @entity1 are more or less consistent with findings of others. It is important to keep in mind that AOSD is an uncommon syndrome with a range of signs and symptoms which are non-specific and may simulate a variety of connective tissue and general medical problems. Differences in the expression of AOSD were found between @entity1 from different locations and the disease can be responsible for life-threatening complications.

title: XXXX in Oman.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity11533 :: ('MESH:D016706', 'Disease') :: ["Adult Onset Still's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['morning stiffness']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity11533 :: (MESH:D016706,Disease) :: ['Adult Onset Still's Disease']


abstract: The endogenous opioid system is expressed throughout the brain reinforcement circuitry, and plays a major role in reward processing, mood control and the development of addiction. This neuromodulator system is composed of three receptors, mu, delta and kappa, interacting with a family of opioid peptides derived from POMC (b-endorphin), @entity43154 ( @entity43154 ) and @entity9768 ( @entity9768 ) precursors. Knockout @entity19 targeting each gene of the opioid system have been created almost two decades ago. Extending classical pharmacology, these mutant @entity19 represent unique tools to tease apart the specific role of each opioid receptor and peptide in vivo, and a powerful approach to understand how the opioid system modulates behavioral effects of drugs of abuse. The present review summarizes these studies, with a focus on major drugs of abuse including @entity1286 / @entity4521 , cannabinoids, psychostimulants, @entity1239 or @entity167 . Genetic data, altogether, set the mu receptor as the primary target for @entity1286 and @entity4521 . In addition, this receptor is essential to mediate rewarding properties of non-opioid drugs of abuse, with a demonstrated implication of b-endorphin for @entity2072 and @entity1239 . Delta receptor activity reduces levels of @entity148 and @entity308 -like behaviors, and facilitates @entity1286 -context association. @entity43154 is involved in these processes and delta/ @entity43154 signaling likely regulates @entity167 intake. The kappa receptor mainly interacts with @entity9768 peptides to limit drug reward, and mediate dysphoric effects of @entity7785 and @entity1239 . Kappa/dynorphin activity also increases sensitivity to @entity2072 reward under stressful conditions. The opioid system remains a prime candidate to develop successful therapies in addicted individuals, and understanding opioid-mediated processes at systems level, through emerging genetic and imaging technologies, represents the next challenging goal and a promising avenue in addiction research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.

title: 15 years of genetic approaches in vivo for addiction research: Opioid receptor and peptide gene knockout in XXXX models of drug abuse.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity7785 :: ('MESH:D002186', 'Chemical') :: ['cannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sustained increase of the intra- abdominal pressure is recently recognized as a potential risk factor of early organ dysfunction in @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 . Assessment of the possible mutual relevance between increased intra-abdominal pressure and early organ dysfunction is important for optimisation of the treatment strategy in this category of @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 71 @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 were entered in this prospective study. Clinical routine, sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA), and intra-abdominal pressure were registered, considering 25 cm H 2 O a critical value for the grouping in high-risk (n = 18) and low-risk (n = 53) @entity1 according to whether they experienced the critical level during their treatment course. RESULTS: The age structure and the initial presentation of the organ dysfunction were similar between both groups. @entity881 was observed in 61 % of the high-risk @entity1 , compared to 32 % of low-risk @entity1 , p < 0.05. Organ function improved after three to four day treatment only in survivors. Peak intra-abdominal pressure was greater in high-risk @entity1 , p < 0.01, but declined after three to five day treatment period in all survivors, remaining critical in nonsurvivors. 78 % of high-risk and 32 % of low-risk @entity1 were operated, p < 0.05. The overall mortality was 8.5 %, consisting of 2 % mortality in the low-risk group and 28 % mortality in the high-risk group, p < 0.01. CONCLUSION: Increased intra-abdominal pressure could be an important risk factor of early organ dysfunction in @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 . Critical increase of the intra-abdominal pressure and persisting organ dysfunction are an indication for reassessment of the treatment strategy.

title: [Increased intra-abdominal pressure--an important risk factor of early organ dysfunction in severe acute XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of the organ dysfunction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Scoliosis due to progressive @entity425 occurs in almost all males with @entity1555 , and it progresses relentlessly. Previous studies have shown that @entity228 treatment slows the decline in muscle strength and stabilizes muscle strength in @entity1 with this disease. We hypothesized that @entity230 may also attenuate the development of @entity1635 . The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of @entity1635 in male @entity1 with @entity1555 who received @entity230 with a control group of such @entity1 who did not. METHODS: A group of seven to ten-year-old @entity1 with @entity1555 who were able to walk were enrolled in a nonrandomized comparative study to determine the effect of deflazacort (a derivative of @entity229 ) on muscle strength and pulmonary function. Thirty @entity1 were treated with deflazacort (treatment group), and twenty-four were not (control group). The @entity1 were matched for age and pulmonary function at baseline. To assess the development of @entity1635 , the @entity1 in each group were followed for at least five years. Survival curves were plotted to determine the chance of @entity1635 of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees developing. The difference between the groups with respect to the chance of @entity1635 developing was determined with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: A curve of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees developed during the follow-up period in sixteen (67%) of the twenty-four @entity1 in the control group but in only five (17%) of the thirty @entity1 in the treatment group. Fifteen of the twenty-four @entity1 in the control group underwent spine surgery, at a mean age of thirteen years, whereas only five of the thirty @entity1 in the treatment group underwent spine surgery, at a mean age of fifteen years. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference between the two groups with regard to development of @entity1635 of >/==" BORDER="0">20 degrees (p < 0.001). Cataracts developed in ten @entity1 in the treatment group, and @entity1642 developed in three @entity1 in the treatment group. @entity1 in the treatment group weighed a mean of 3.7 kg more than did those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 treatment slows the progression of @entity1635 in males with @entity1555 ; however, longer-term evaluation will be necessary to determine if the treatment prevents the development of @entity1635 or just delays its onset. At the very least, @entity134 treatment delays the need for spinal surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level II-1 (prospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: @entity134 treatment and the development of XXXX in males with @entity1555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['stress fractures']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In experimental autoimmune @entity1069 in a @entity35 model of @entity1069 of noninfectious origin the prostatic @entity586 ( @entity587 ) concentration decreases because of depressed 5alpha-reductase activity. This decrease in @entity3800 in situ could favor the development of @entity792 at the same time. We noted that a @entity587 increase could protect the gland from immune aggression and/or its consequences in regard to prostatic androgenic metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed in vitro the (3H)- @entity587 enzymatic bioconversion of prostate homogenates of male accessory sexual gland extract (MAG) immunized @entity35 and MAG immunized plus @entity587 implanted @entity35 (DSG @entity35 ), and performed ventral prostate histological observations. The specific cell immune response against MAG antigen(s) was studied by delayed @entity56 . RESULTS: In DSG and MAG @entity35 , and controls enzymatic activities (3alpha/ @entity1816 oxidoreductases) were 112.7 +/- 11.3, 91.4 +/- 15.0 (not significant) and 147.0 +/- 12.8 pmol per minute per mg protein (p <0.025). Histological findings in DSG @entity35 ventral prostates revealed infiltrating mononuclear cell foci in lower quantity and less magnitude than in MAG @entity35 prostates. Delayed @entity56 values were positive in MAG @entity35 and lower in DSG @entity35 in relation to kidney treated and untreated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that constantly elevated @entity587 levels could decrease the cell immune response but not at significantly. In contrast, androgenic metabolism remains altered in the presence of exogenous @entity3800 .

title: Experimental autoimmune @entity1069 : XXXX influence over the immune response.

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['chronic prostatic inflammation', 'prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['5alpha-dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity1816 :: ('CHEBI:36836', 'Chemical') :: ['3beta-hydroxysteroid']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune status']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity586 :: (MESH:D013196,Chemical) :: ['dihydrotestosterone']


abstract: Alternative splicing of telomerase catalytic subunit @entity2215 pre-mRNA ( @entity1 Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) regulates telomerase activity. Increased expression of non-active splice variant @entity2215 results in inhibition of telomerase. Apoptotic endonuclease @entity17836 is known to participate in @entity2215 alternative splicing. Expression of @entity17836 can be induced in response to DNA damages. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of a DNA-damaging compound, @entity900 , to induce @entity17836 and its influence on alternative splicing of @entity2215 activity in @entity1 @entity404 +    lymphocytes. Overexpression of @entity17836 in @entity404 + T cells downregulated the expression of active full-length @entity2215 variant and upregulated its non-active spliced variant. Reduction of full-length @entity2215 caused downregulation of telomerase activity, shortening of telomeres length during cell divisions, converting cells to the replicative senescence state, activation of apoptosis and finally cell @entity204 . Few cells survived and underwent malignant transformation. Transformed cells have increased telomerase activity and proliferative potential compare to initial @entity404 + T cells. These cells have phenotype of @entity11511 cells and are able to form @entity5 and cause @entity204 in experimental @entity19 .

title: [ @entity900 -induced apoptotic endonuclease XXXX inhibits telomerase activity and causes malignant transformation of @entity1 @entity404 + T lymphocytes].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T lymphoblastic leukemic']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'hTERT and telomerase']

answer: @entity17836 :: (2021,Gene) :: ['EndoG']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate radiation therapy for age-related @entity1020 with subfoveal or juxtafoveal @entity1940 smaller than or equal to 1 disc area. DESIGN: Nonrandomized comparative clinical trial. @entity1 : Fourteen eyes received a total radiation dose of 10-20 Gy in 5-10 fractions. The mean follow-up time was 22 months. Ten eyes in a control group were followed for an average of 16 months without any treatment. RESULTS: At a 12-month follow-up examination, funduscopic and angiographic findings had improved in 7 eyes (50%), were unchanged in 1 eye (7%) and, had deteriorated in 6 eyes (43%) among the treated @entity1 . The same findings had improved in 1 eye (10%), were unchanged in 2 eyes (20%), and had deteriorated in 7 eyes (70%) among the control @entity1 . There was a statistically significant difference by Mann-Whitney U test between the two groups. Visual acuity had improved in 4 eyes (29%), was unchanged in 6 eyes (43%), and had declined in 4 eyes (29%) among the treated @entity1 . Among the control @entity1 visual acuity had improved in none of the eyes (0%), was unchanged in 6 eyes (60%), and had declined in 4 eyes (40%). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Of the 7 cases whose fundus had improved by 12 months, 4 cases maintained a favorable status through the following 2 years. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy had an inhibitory effect on small @entity1940 when viewed by funduscopy and angiography, but, the efficacy for visual prognosis was not always identified.

title: [Radiation therapy for small XXXX in age-related @entity1020 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 heterogeneity dictates lengthy follow-up to assess outcomes. Efficacy differences for three regimens that are based on adjuvant @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) are presented in this article, but @entity5 recurrence sites, time of relapse, subsequent primary @entity5 , and causes of @entity204 in the natural history of @entity0 are emphasized. @entity1 AND METHODS: Beginning in 1975, 905 @entity1 with node-positive @entity5 were randomly assigned to receive CMF or two regimens of CMF plus other agents. Median follow-up is 22.6 years. The natural-history analysis was performed on a subset of 814 @entity1 . RESULTS: Eighty percent of the 599 @entity1 known to have died, died of metastatic @entity0 . Only 8.5% of the deceased @entity1 died of a cause other than @entity0 , a second or third @entity5 , or adjuvant chemotherapy @entity137 . One hundred five @entity1 (12.8%) developed other primary @entity5 , with 49 (46.6%) occurring in the contralateral breast. Therapeutic efficacy differences of the CMF regimens reported earlier have been maintained more than 20 years later. For certain subsets, the five-drug regimen had advantages over CMF. Bone was the most common recurrence site. The longest interval to relapse has been 23.5 years, and 18% of those who relapsed did so more than 10 years later. CONCLUSION: Despite adjuvant chemotherapy, a large majority (80%) of @entity1 with @entity0 , and many recurrences develop more than 10 years later. CMF plus @entity1891 and @entity229 provides a benefit compared with CMF, but the magnitude varies with the number of involved nodes. Outcome trends in earlier analyses of this study were maintained even years later.

title: Natural history of more than 20 years of node-positive primary @entity0 treated with @entity786 , XXXX , and @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy: a study by the @entity5 and Leukemia Group B.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer', 'node-positive breast cancer die of the disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect and synergistic inhibition effect of high intensity focused ultrasound in combination with @entity1138 on T739 @entity19 @entity150 . METHODS: BTT739 @entity5 -bearing @entity19 receiving HIFU and/or @entity1138 in two weeks, were divided into control group, low dose chemotherapy group, high dose chemotherapy group, HIFU group and HIFU combined chemotherapy group. The growth of @entity19 @entity5 volume was observed in two weeks, by which we counted @entity5 volume doubling time and performed the growth curve. All specimens were analysed histologically. RESULTS: HIFU combined @entity1138 has significant synergistic inhibition effect. Tumor tissue damage such as @entity39 was observed using light microscopy. However, there were still some remaining alive cells. The apoptosis of @entity5 cell in HIFU group and HIFU combined chemotherapy group obviously increased in comparison with other groups. CONCLUSIONS: HIFU group, HIFU combined chemotherapy group can distinctively inhibit @entity5 growth; HIFU combined with @entity1138 has notable synergistic inhibitory effect. HIFU may induce the apoptosis of @entity5 cell.

title: [An experimental study on high intensity focused ultrasound combined with XXXX treatment of @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['huge coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin']


abstract: To determine the clinical features of a @entity5011 variant with prominent facial @entity306 , we retrospectively reviewed approximately 8,600 cases referred to our neuroimmunological laboratory for serological tests during the past seven years. @entity1 ' histories, neurological signs, and laboratory and electrophysiological data were clarified based on their clinical records. Sera obtained during the acute phase were tested for prior infectious serology and anti- @entity4163 antibodies. In 22 @entity1 , clinical signs such as acute progressive @entity425 , @entity809 in the distal dominant limbs, and hypo- or @entity4894 , were compatible with a @entity5011 variant, facial @entity306 and @entity809 . Other @entity129 , limb @entity425 , and @entity2055 were absent or minimal. Clinical courses were monophasic, the nadir being reached within four weeks. Eighteen @entity1 (86%) had had infectious symptoms within the four weeks preceding the onset of @entity16 . In the @entity281 serology tests, anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies were the most frequent (35%). All the @entity1 had cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytologic dissociation. In nerve conduction studies, 14 (64%) showed @entity17 in their limbs. Anti-GM2 IgM antibodies were detected in four @entity1 who had anti-cytomegalovirus IgM antibodies. Patients with conditions similar to facial @entity306 and @entity809 , but lacking either @entity809 or @entity427 , were regarded as having marginal facial @entity306 and @entity809 , because they also frequently had features of @entity5011 , such as an antecedent @entity281 or cerebrospinal fluid albuminocytologic dissociation. Our findings are further evidence of a facial variant of @entity5011 and provide important information essential for its diagnosis.

title: A XXXX variant with prominent facial @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve involvements']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['areflexia']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesias', 'distal paresthesias']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological illness']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['bifacial weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['diplegia']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in successive chest CT examinations in @entity1 with @entity1907 who achieved culture conversion with @entity5136 treatment. We reviewed the follow-up CT scans of 14 @entity1 with @entity1907 who had sputum-culture conversion after @entity5136 treatment. This study evaluated cavity, centrilobular nodules, consolidation, bronchial wall thickening, calcified nodule or consolidation, @entity4595 , irregular lines, and lung destruction. The presence of @entity456 , @entity1143 and @entity3329 was recorded. Follow-up CT scans showed a partial decrease in the extent of centrilobular nodules in all cases. Consolidation was partially cleared in 8 @entity1 and newly developed consolidation was observed in 2 @entity1 . All of the cavities showed a decrease in size and thickness. But the cavities persisted after @entity5136 treatment in 8 of 9 @entity1 . @entity2488 was completely or partially cleared in 6 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , respectively. Newly developed irregular lines, lung destruction and @entity456 were observed in 1, 1, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. Successive chest CT examinations in @entity1 with @entity5136 treatment may help in the early assessment of @entity5136 treatment efficacy because of its rapid availability. Early assessment of @entity5136 treatment efficacy will help to set up a treatment plan, such as duration of treatment or @entity5136 dosage. However, they may not be useful for deciding @entity1907 activity following @entity5136 treatment.

title: Changes in chest CT findings of XXXX after @entity5136 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial wall thickening']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, there has been a significant reduction in hospital length of stay (LOS) among @entity1 undergoing percutaneous intervention (PCI) for @entity583 ( @entity583 ). Although studies have looked at predictors of long hospital stay after @entity583 , the impact of LOS on long-term outcomes after PCI remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the association between LOS at the time of index hospitalization for PCI and long-term mortality among @entity1 presenting with @entity583 . METHODS: We examined all @entity1 undergoing PCI for @entity583 at the Cleveland Clinic Catheterization Laboratory between 2002 and 2011. Long-term all-cause mortality was assessed using the Social Security Death Index and electronic medical record review. LOS was extracted from the discharge summary of the index hospitalization. RESULTS: A total of 1,963 @entity1 were included in the study. Of these 1,963 @entity1 undergoing PCI for @entity583 , 126 (6.4%) died during the index hospitalization. Among survivors of this hospitalization, we observed a significant increase in long-term mortality with an increase in LOS during index hospitalization (P   <   0.001). Adjustment for demographic and clinical characteristics yielded statistically significant increased mortality among @entity1 with LOS of 6-10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.2 (1.3-3.5)] and LOS   >   10 days [HR (95% CI): 2.6 (1.6-4.3)], in comparison with @entity1 with LOS of 1-2 days. CONCLUSIONS: Long hospital stay after PCI among @entity1 with @entity583 was associated with an increased long-term mortality. A long hospital stay may be used as a marker to identify @entity1 at higher risk for long-term mortality.

title: Length of stay and long-term mortality following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein S is an antithrombotic factor that also exhibits mitogenic activity. Thus, we hypothesized that protein S may control @entity715 in @entity64 and protect brain tissue from @entity63 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied protein S in a @entity19 in vivo model of @entity64 and an in vitro model of @entity528 /reoxygenation injury. Animals received purified @entity1 plasma-derived protein S or vehicle intravenously 10 minutes after initiation of @entity2500 followed by reperfusion. Protein S at 0.2 to 2 mg/kg significantly improved the motor neurological deficit by 3.8- to 3.2-fold and reduced @entity1188 and @entity4 volumes by 45% to 54% and 45% to 62%, respectively. Protein S at 2 mg/kg improved postischemic cerebral blood flow by 21% to 26% and reduced brain fibrin deposition and @entity2617 with neutrophils by 40% and 53%, respectively. Intracerebral bleeding was not observed with protein S. Protein S protected ischemic neurons in vivo and cultured neurons from @entity519 /reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Recombinant @entity1 protein S exerted protective effects from @entity519 -induced damage similar to the plasma-derived protein S both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Protein S is a significant neuroprotectant during @entity2806 with direct effects on neurons and antithrombotic effects. Thus, protein S could be a prototype of a new class of agents for clinical @entity64 with combined direct neuronal protective effects and systemic antithrombotic and antiinflammatory activities.

title: Protein S confers neuronal protection during XXXX in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal hypoxia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic/hypoxic injury']


abstract: @entity177 is an established risk factor for impaired @entity1 outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). As the endothelin pathway is known to be involved in the development of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), we designed a study to clarify its role in @entity810 following OLT. Twenty consecutive @entity1 with intact kidney function scheduled for their first OLT were prospectively studied. Plasma big @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) levels were measured before surgery, after graft reperfusion, and on the first and second postoperative day. According to postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), @entity1 were assigned to the @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and the non- @entity810 group. Each @entity1 's GFR was estimated according to the 4-variable formula used in the modification of diet in @entity8 before surgery, daily within the first postoperative week, and at 1, 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Postoperative mean big @entity2232 levels correlated significantly with the maximum percent decrease of GFR within 3 days after OLT (P < 0.01). The proportion of @entity1 who developed @entity810 was significantly correlated to mean postoperative big @entity2232 quartiles (P < 0.01). In the @entity810 group, the percent decrease of GFR within 24 months was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to the non- @entity810 group. In conclusion, @entity1 who develop @entity810 immediately after OLT do not fully recover to baseline regarding long-term kidney function. Short-term GFR was significantly correlated with postoperative big @entity2232 plasma levels, suggesting @entity8 is mediated by the activated endothelin system.

title: Endothelin activation and @entity177 after XXXX liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal dysfunction group', 'ARF', 'ARDF', 'acute renal failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1 with any of the @entity6052 may suffer from acute attacks. If these @entity1 are treated with certain drugs, such as barbiturates, the likelihood of developing an attack is increased. @entity1 treated with antidepressants or @entity1245 -type anxiolytics also could be placed at increased risk of developing porphyric attacks because little is known about the potential for some of these drugs to induce attacks. Primary cultures of @entity1573 embryo liver cells were used to study the effects of selected antidepressants and anxiolytics on @entity7170 accumulation. Cells were treated with @entity5532 (to partially block heme synthesis, simulating conditions encountered in porphyric @entity1 ) and increasing concentrations (3.16-1000 microM) of the evaluated drugs. Twenty hours later, @entity7170 accumulation was measured. The drugs included four antidepressants and five @entity1245 -type anxiolytics. The antidepressants @entity752 and @entity9021 significantly increased @entity7170 accumulation when given with @entity5532 , whereas neither @entity905 nor @entity903 increased @entity7170 accumulation. The @entity1245 -type anxiolytic agents @entity6720 , @entity2934 , @entity3175 , @entity5756 , and @entity1363 all significantly increased @entity7170 accumulation when given with @entity5532 . Dose-response studies showed that @entity3175 , @entity1363 , and @entity5756 produced significant increases even at the lowest concentration tested (3.16 microM), whereas @entity2934 and @entity6720 required higher concentrations (>/=10 microM). These studies suggest that @entity1 with @entity6052 may be at greater risk for developing porphyric attacks when treated with @entity752 or @entity9021 compared with @entity905 or @entity903 , and that the evaluated @entity1245 derivatives should be administered with caution. Among the latter, low doses of @entity2934 and @entity6720 may be safer than those of @entity3175 , @entity1363 , and @entity5756 .

title: Effects of antidepressants and @entity1245 -type anxiolytic agents on hepatic XXXX accumulation in primary cultures of @entity1573 embryo liver cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5532 :: ('MESH:D003676', 'Chemical') :: ['desferrioxamine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5756 :: ('MESH:D014229', 'Chemical') :: ['triazolam']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity7170 :: ('CHEBI:8337', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrin']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity6052 :: ('MESH:D017118', 'Disease') :: ['acute porphyrias']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

answer: @entity7170 :: (CHEBI:8337,Chemical) :: ['porphyrin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral administration of dextran @entity2397 (DSS) is commonly used as an inducer of enteric @entity32 in rodents. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding appropriate dosage, timing, or ageresponses in broilers for this potential inducer of @entity32 without @entity39 . Two experiments were conducted in day-of-hatch chicks to analyze clinical parameters and enteric histological changes induced by DSS when administered via drinking water ( DW: ). In both experiments, birds were distributed into nontreated control or varying concentrations of DSS in DW. For both experiments, only 0.75% DSS in DW was histologically evaluated. In Experiment 1, chicks received DSS from day 3 to 11, and at 3, 6, and 8 d of treatment, chicks were weighed, and sections of the duodenum, ileum, and ceca were @entity406 fixed. The addition of 0.75% DSS caused @entity308 , @entity417 , and @entity11563 , plus significantly (P < 0.05) decreased BW gain at all times. Shortened ileal villi at 6 d and duodenal villi at 8 d of treatment, reduced duodenal and ileal epithelial cell height at 3, 6, and 8 d, and increased duodenal goblet cell density at 6 and 8 d were observed in response to DSS administration (P < 0.05). In Experiment 2, birds received DSS from days 10 to 16 and were sampled at 3 and 6 d of treatment. Similar changes were found in ceca of treated birds. There was no significant change in the duodenal villus height and goblet cell density by 6 d of treatment, suggesting that 6 d of 0.75% DSS in DW was not sufficient for the reproduction of duodenal symptoms in these older birds. However, there was a significant decrease in ilealvillus height and decreased ileal epithelial cell height at 3 and 6 d of treatment, as well as a significant decrease in BW compared to the control group. These findings indicate that DW administration of 0.75% DSS caused generalized mild and @entity39 in broilers and that this compound may be useful for enteric @entity32 modeling in poultry.

title: Histopathological and morphometric changes induced by a dextran XXXX (DSS) model in broilers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'non-necrotic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['watery bloody diarrhea']

answer: @entity2397 :: (MESH:C012036,Chemical) :: ['sodium sulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the use, appropriateness, and safety of antithrombotic therapy in Hong Kong Chinese @entity1 with @entity955 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Medical records of all @entity1 with @entity955 admitted to acute internal medicine wards in April 2000 and between July and October 2001 were reviewed for details of antithrombotics given, results of international normalised ratio monitoring for @entity1 receiving @entity1229 , side-effects, and additional risk factors for complications of @entity955 . Statistical analysis was undertaken to assess factors predictive of antithrombotic use. RESULTS: A total of 207 @entity1 with chronic @entity955 were included in the study. Of these, 44.0% of @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 without contra-indications for @entity1229 use were receiving @entity1229 , 34.1% were receiving @entity117 , and 22.0% were receiving no antithrombotic therapy. The majority of @entity1 (69.1%) were treated appropriately according to the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines. The major side-effect rates for @entity1229 and @entity117 were 2.14% and 1.72% per @entity1 -year, respectively, which were comparable with western studies of usual clinical practice. The @entity64 rate for @entity1 taking @entity1229 or @entity117 were 1.40% and 6.02% per @entity1 -year, respectively. The median international normalised ratio was 1.96. The median frequency of international normalised ratio measurement was 45.58 days. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that antithrombotic use in a Hong Kong regional hospital for @entity1 with @entity955 was similar to that reported from western institutions. Complication and @entity64 rates were also comparable to the western data relating to usual clinical practice.

title: Antithrombotic treatment of XXXX in a regional hospital in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uncomplicated alcoholics suffer from @entity66 that become more pronounced with age. These deficits involve the structure and function of @entity528 ( @entity528 ), the sole output neurons from the cerebellar cortex. This review focuses on alterations to the @entity528 dendritic arbor in the adult and aging Fischer 344 @entity35 following lengthy @entity285 consumption. It describes seminal studies using the Golgi-Cox method which proposed a model for @entity1068 -induced @entity2343 . Subsequent ultrastructural studies of @entity528 dendrites showed dilation of the extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) which preceded and accompanied @entity2343 . The component of the SER that was most affected by @entity1068 was the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum @entity141 ATPase pump (SERCA) responsible for resequestration of @entity460 into the SER. @entity1068 -induced decreases in SERCA pump levels, similar to the finding of SER dilation, preceded and occurred concomitantly with @entity2343 . Discrete @entity1068 -induced @entity51 also accompanied these decreases. @entity1068 -induced ER stress within the SER of @entity528 dendrites was proposed as an underlying cause of @entity2343 . It was recently shown that increased activation of @entity21291 , inherent to the ER, occurred in @entity528 of acute slices in @entity1068 -fed @entity35 and was most pronounced following 40  weeks of @entity1068 treatment. These findings shed new light into @entity285 -induced @entity528 providing a new model for the discrete but critical changes in motor function in aging, adult alcoholics.

title: @entity1068 -Induced Alterations in Purkinje Neuron Dendrites in Adult and Aging XXXX : a Review.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['discrete motor dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in balance']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic regression']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['disruption in PN dendrites', 'PN', 'Purkinje neurons']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: In most trials, at least 50% of @entity1 with @entity2743 treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD) relapse after @entity3214 . At present, there are no definitive prognostic parameters available early in treatment to indicate those likely to achieve long-term remission. Because @entity5010 antibodies (TRAb) are specific for @entity2743 , the possibility that their rate of change early in treatment (0 to 6 months) might be such an indicator was explored. TRAb were measured both as thyrotropin binding inhibitory immunoglobulins (TBII) and as thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) in 85 @entity1 with untreated @entity2743 at 6-month intervals throughout their ATD treatment. The @entity1 in the study were treated for a minimum period of 12 months and were categorized retrospectively into two groups depending on whether or not they remained in remission after ATD treatment. Remission was deemed as reached in @entity1 who remained euthyroid for a minimum period of 15 months after cessation of ATD. The mean initial TBII and TSAb values in the nonremission group were significantly higher than in the remission group (p < 0.001 for both parameters). The rates of fall in mean TBII levels were similar for each group in the first 6 months of treatment, but while they continued to fall in the remission group over the next 6 to 12 months, mean values for the nonremission group plateaued and failed to fall to control levels within that period. These results indicate that changes in TRAb levels, measured either as TBII or TSAb, occur more rapidly in the second 6 months of treatment in @entity1 who ultimately achieve remission than those who do not. If TBII fall to control levels by 12 months, the @entity1 has at least a 70% chance of ultimately achieving remission with ATD treatment alone.

title: The prognostic value of @entity5010 antibody measurement in the early stages of treatment of XXXX with antithyroid drugs.

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['achieving euthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5010 :: ('7253', 'Gene') :: ['thyrotropin receptor']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: We hypothesized that the @entity859 administration during the early reperfusion period might affect @entity63 preconditioning ( @entity5524 ) and might reduce @entity1188 size and enhance post- @entity63 functional recovery. Twenty-four anesthetized @entity95 underwent 30 min. normothermic global @entity63 with 120 min. reperfusion in a buffer-perfused isolated, paced heart model and divided into four groups. Global @entity63 hearts (GI, n = 6) were subjected to 30 min. global @entity63 without intervention. Control hearts (n = 6) were subjected to perfusion without @entity63 . Ischemic preconditioned hearts ( @entity5524 , n = 6) were subjected to one cycle of 5 min. global @entity63 and 5 min. reperfusion prior to global @entity63 . @entity5524 + Ado hearts (n = 6) received @entity5524 and @entity859 administration (100 m mol/L) during 3 min. early reperfusion period. Post- @entity63 functional recovery was better in @entity5524 + Ado hearts as compared to GI and @entity5524 hearts, but the effect of post- @entity63 functional recovery in @entity5524 + Ado hearts became weaker during 120 min. reperfusion after prolong @entity63 insult. @entity1188 size were 1.0 +/- 0.3% in Control hearts, 32.9 +/- 5.1% in GI hearts, 13.8 +/- 1.3% in @entity5524 hearts and 8.1 +/- 0.9% in @entity5524 + Ado hearts @entity1188 size in @entity5524 hearts was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) as compared to GI hearts. The reduction rate against @entity296 in @entity5524 + @entity7308 hearts versus GI hearts was higher as compared to @entity5524 hearts versus GI hearts (p < 0.001, @entity5524 + Ado hearts vs GI hearts; p < 0.01, @entity5524 hearts vs GI hearts; p = ns, @entity5524 + Ado hearts vs Control hearts). These data suggest that @entity859 administration during the early reperfusion period reinforce @entity5524 effect and reduce @entity296 . Cardiomyoprotective effects of @entity5524 and exogenous @entity859 are exerted during early reperfusion after coronary occlusion in the isolated perfused @entity95 hearts.

title: [Does @entity859 administration during the early reperfusion period affect XXXX preconditioning?].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the in vitro protective effects of @entity898 and response of resident mucosal eosinophils in oxidant-induced injury to tissues of right dorsal colon of @entity1641 . ANIMALS: 9 adult @entity1641 . PROCEDURE: Gastrointestinal mucosa was damaged in vitro with 3 mM @entity9784 ( @entity9785 ), with and without prior exposure to 6mM @entity898 . Control tissues were not exposed to @entity9785 or @entity898 . Control and damaged tissues were incubated in Krebs-Ringer- @entity3157 solution and tissue resistance measured during 240 minutes. Tissue permeability to radiolabeled @entity2656 was also used to assess mucosal barrier integrity. Tissues were examined by light microscopy before and after @entity9785 exposure and during and after incubation. RESULTS: Exposure to @entity9785 caused tissue damage and decreased tissue resistance. Restitution did occur during the incubation period. Eosinophils were located near the muscularis mucosae in freshly harvested tissues and migrated towards the luminal surface in response to @entity9785 -induced injury. Compared with tissues treated with @entity9785 without @entity898 , pretreatment with @entity898 prevented @entity9785 -induced tissue damage, changes in resistance, and histologically detectable eosinophil migration. The permeability to @entity2656 increased to the same extent in tissues treated with @entity9785 alone or with @entity898 and @entity9785 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Eosinophils migrated toward the mucosal surface in @entity1641 colon in response to oxidant-induced damage in vitro. This novel finding could be relevant to @entity32 in @entity1641 colon and a pathophysiologic feature of many @entity1049 . @entity898 protected the mucosa against oxidant-induced injury and may be useful as a treatment option for various @entity344 in @entity1641 .

title: Effects of @entity898 and migration of resident eosinophils in an in vitro model of mucosal injury and restitution in XXXX right dorsal colon.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity9784 :: ('MESH:D006997', 'Chemical') :: ['hypochlorous acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcysteine', 'acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diseases']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity626 ( @entity571 ) is the most common type of @entity625 and imposes a heavy burden on individual welfare among elderly @entity1 . There is preliminary evidence that psychological factors play a role in functional ability and @entity158 in knee @entity571 @entity1 , particularly with respect to the surgery outcome. Less is known about psychological factors among community-dwelling @entity1 with knee @entity571 . OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine which psychological factors are associated with @entity158 and functional ability among community-dwelling knee @entity571 @entity1 using a comprehensive set of psychological questionnaires. METHODS: In the cross-sectional baseline setting of a prospective, randomized controlled intervention study, 111 @entity1 aged from 35 to 75 years with clinical symptoms and radiographic grading of knee @entity571 were included. They completed a comprehensive set of psychological questionnaires, including measures of resources and coping, fear and catastrophizing, and distress. RESULTS: In cross-sectional comparisons, @entity158 self-efficacy, fear of movement, @entity158 catastrophizing, and elevated @entity148 were associated with @entity158 and a poorer functional ability. In logistic regression analysis, independent association was seen between @entity158 self-efficacy and poorer functioning. Knee @entity571 @entity1 also reported elevated levels of @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that both @entity158 self-efficacy and negatively charged emotion and expectations toward @entity158 are important factors when dealing with knee @entity571 @entity1 . Failure to consider these will probably contribute to prolonged @entity158 . The results call for the routine assessment of multiple psychological factors in knee @entity571 .

title: Multiple psychological factors are associated with poorer functioning in a sample of community-dwelling knee @entity571 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['Knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['disability and further pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objectives of this study were to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of @entity302 , and to compare these results with findings of comparable studies from other parts of the world. METHOD: Initially, the target population of this study consisted of 116 @entity1 with @entity302 randomly selected, over a 6-month period, from those @entity1 attending the neurology clinic at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital (PBTH) in Northern Jordan. However, seven @entity1 were dropped from the study and eight others refused to participate in the study. A semi-structured clinico-epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the most significant socio-demographic characteristics of this group of adolescent Jordanian @entity1 with @entity302 such as age, sex, living status, family history, type of @entity302 , and some other special clinical investigations. To further evaluate the significance of a family history of @entity302 , the education attainment and employment in these @entity1 with @entity302 were compared with a similar number of age, sex matched control cases obtained from @entity1 attending the hospital for reasons other than @entity302 . RESULTS: Among the study population, the mean age at presentation was 19 years (SD+/-2.7); 54 were males 47 were females. Fifty three @entity1 had a poor level of education because they had less than 10 years of formal education, 29 had an average level of education (10-12 years) of formal education, and 19 had achieved a higher level of education. Thirty @entity1 were employed, 21 unemployed and 50 were students. Twelve @entity1 were living alone and leading independent lives, 88 @entity1 were living with parents and siblings. One male @entity1 was married and living with his wife and @entity1 . A positive family history was present in first degree relatives in 11 @entity1 as compared to 3 in the control group. Ninety eight @entity1 suffered from @entity6191 and three from @entity302 . Sixty seven @entity1 reported an aura and 84 @entity1 had post ictal complaints such as @entity25 , @entity10 , or drowsiness. CONCLUSION: Socio-demographic characteristics of this group of adolescents with @entity302 are compatible with the results of the work of others such as Elwes [Neurosurg Psychiatr 54 (1991) 200], in the North East of England and Hauser from the Mayo clinic in his descriptive study of the epidemiology of @entity302 .

title: Socio-demographic characteristics of adolescents with XXXX in Northern Jordan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the frequency, duration and therapy of @entity892 in primary position caused by @entity1319 after @entity1713 treated only with encircling bands. METHODS: A retrospective review is made of 264 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: At 6 months after surgery,18 (7%) out of the 264 @entity1 had @entity1319 with @entity892 in primary position. In 55%, we found an @entity5971 and vertical deviation. For the treatment of @entity892 , eight @entity1 had prisms foils, five of whom are scheduled for surgery, six @entity1 wear prism glasses and three @entity1 did not return for follow up after their sight had been corrected with prisms. An operation for strabism was necessary in three cases, mainly because of @entity2805 ( @entity11087 ), rather than suturing @entity712 . One @entity1 needed eye occlusion for untreatable @entity892 . The average change of refraction after the encircling procedure was -2.0 D. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend avoiding unnecessary preparation of the muscles when placing the encircling band (without destruction of the Tenon or periorbital tissue), motility exercises after the operation and full refractive correction for sensory compensation of deviations as early as possible. In addition, antiphlogistic drugs should be used to avoid scarring and treatment with prism lenses. Removal of the encircling band does not seem to improve the motility as the disorder is mainly caused by @entity2805 , neither does @entity1138 or the application of viscoelastic substances.

title: [ @entity892 after encircling procedure for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['material or muscular decompensation']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachments']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity11087 :: ('MESH:D018370', 'Disease') :: ['adhesion syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scarring']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: Two lexical decision experiments build on established patterns of laterality and hemispheric interaction to test whether the presence of @entity258 dynamically affects the use of an orthographic or phonological strategy for high familiarity words; and, if so, whether the hemispheres are similarly flexible in adapting to the constituency change. Experiment 1 restricted word strings to the highly familiar. Experiment 2 presented the same high familiarity words, along with an equal number of @entity258 . Targets for lexical decision were presented at fixation to approximate normal viewing behaviour, either with or without a non-lexical distractor lateralized @entity227 ( @entity227 ) or @entity227 ( @entity227 ). Response time and accuracy were measured. Responses were faster in Experiment 1 than Experiment 2 to high familiarity words, pseudowords (orthographically correct), and @entity5545 (orthographically incorrect), suggesting that a different strategy was used. A main effect of distractor location in Experiment 1 was due to more accurate responses to letter strings accompanied by a @entity227 distractor than no distractor, revealing a cost from hemispheric interaction compared to the right hemisphere when a task is simple. Experiment 2 found an interaction between distractor location and string type in both the response time and accuracy data. Separate analyses of word strings revealed a shift to a left hemisphere advantage: Accuracy to @entity258 and speed to high familiarity words was better when accompanied by a @entity227 than a @entity227 distractor. Critical to a dynamic effect of list constituency is that the right hemisphere slowed to the same high familiarity words that had provoked speedier responses in Experiment 1. The findings are consistent with the use of an orthographic strategy in Experiment 1 and a phonological strategy in Experiment 2, and support the idea that right hemisphere access to familiar phonology is slower than the left hemisphere. Taken together, the findings suggest that the strategy used by both hemispheres is flexible, that both adapt to list constituency by adopting a strategy that is optimal for the task as a whole, and that there are different timelines of phonological activation in the two cerebral hemispheres.

title: List constituency and orthographic and phonological processing: A shift to high familiarity words from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['right visual field', 'RVF', 'LVF', 'left visual field']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low familiarity words']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['low familiarity words']


abstract: A clinical audit of the treatment of @entity5 , ordered by Stockholm County Council and the Karolinska Institute, was performed at two Stockholm hospitals. Of 153 consecutive @entity5 @entity1 interviewed while attending the preoperative out- @entity1 clinic of the Dept. of Anaesthesiology at Karolinska Hospital, 93 (61%) reported @entity158 varying in intensity from 2.4 to 6.6 on a 10-point visual analogue scale. The @entity158 was @entity5 -related in 20 @entity1 , treatment-related in 28 @entity1 , and associated with disease in 40 @entity1 (e.g., post-herpetic @entity9 , @entity6369 , decubital @entity1066 or @entity1142 ). Nine @entity1 had undetected @entity9 components, and 18 @entity1 reported both significant @entity158 intensity and dissatisfaction with the treatment. The auditors found these @entity1 to have persistent @entity158 problems despite the availability of time and opportunity to resolve them. The audit included interviews with staff at three hospital departments, who filled in questionnaires, and scrutiny of the medical records of about 120 @entity5 @entity1 , 5-10 records from each department being selected to illustrate the management of @entity158 problems. Findings from the staff questionnaires and interviews were compared with the picture of @entity158 management elicited from the @entity1 ' records. The hospital departments were all found to be characterised by similar problems: lack of @entity158 analysis or diagnosis, failure to detect @entity9 components, and underdosing of opioid analgesics irrespective of @entity158 intensity. The auditors' conclusions included a need of @entity158 education, particularly for doctors as fewer doctors than nurses had @entity158 courses.

title: [Poor leadership behind poor @entity158 relief. Medical audit of XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related pain', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'attended pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuralgia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-related pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ligation of the embryonic gut is an established technique to induce @entity1321 and subsequently @entity8593 in @entity1573 embryos. In this study, we modified this established @entity1573 model of prenatal @entity1321 to describe (1) the kinetics of morphological changes, (2) to test if removal of the ligature in ovo is possible in later embryonic development and (3) to describe morphological adaptations following removal of the ligature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) 11, small intestines of @entity1573 embryos were ligated micro surgically in ovo. In Group 1 (n = 80) gut was harvested proximal and distal to the ligation on @entity2085 12-19. In Group 2 (n = 20) the induced obstruction was released on day 15 and gut was harvested on @entity2085 16-19. @entity16374 choline esterase staining was used as to assess resulting morphological changes. RESULTS: A marked @entity384 of the proximal segment can be seen 4 days after the operation ( @entity2085 15). The dilatation increased in severity until @entity2085 19 and @entity8593 could be observed after @entity2085 16. In the dilated proximal segments, signs of disturbed enteric nervous system morphology were obvious. In contrast to this, release of the obstruction on @entity2085 15 in Group 2 resulted in almost normal gut morphology at @entity2085 19. CONCLUSION: Our model not only allows the description of morphological changes caused by an induced obstruction on @entity2085 11 but also-more important - of morphological signs of adaptation following the release of the obstruction on @entity2085 15.

title: Reversible small bowel obstruction in the XXXX foetus.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'embryonic day']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8593 :: ('MESH:D007409', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal atresia']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested involvement of the angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1289 ) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the susceptibility to and severity of @entity497 ( @entity497 ) in Asian populations. We have explored the hypothesis that the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism affects the risk and outcome of @entity497 in a Dutch white population. METHODS: This is a hospital-based prospective observational study including @entity1 with @entity497 admitted between October 2004 and August 2006. All @entity1 were genotyped, and @entity55 severity and clinical outcome were compared between @entity1 with II, ID, and DD genotypes of the @entity1289 gene. @entity55 severity was assessed on day of hospital admission and consecutively on days 2, 3, 5, and 10 of hospital stay using the @entity697 ( @entity697 ). Outcomes evaluated were duration of hospital stay, ICU admittance, and in-hospital and 28-day mortality rates. To study the association between @entity1289 genotype and risk of @entity55 , the distribution of the @entity1289 I/D polymorphism was compared with healthy control subjects from the same geographic region. RESULTS: In total, 200 @entity1 with @entity55 and 200 control subjects were included in the study. Mean age of the @entity1 was 63 years. @entity697 scores were not different between the genotype groups on any of the days, and all clinical outcomes (duration of hospital stay, ICU admittance, in-hospital and 28-day mortality rates) were comparable between the three genotype groups. The @entity1289 I/D genotype distribution was identical for @entity1 and control subjects (p = 0.973). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1289 I/D polymorphism is not associated with risk and outcome of @entity497 in the Dutch white population.

title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and risk and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'acute physiology score']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a safe and efficacious dosing regimen for the treatment of primary @entity1491 (BCC) using 5% imiquimod cream. DESIGN: Two phase 2 studies were conducted: a 6-week, randomized, open-label, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens and a 12-week, randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, dose-response study evaluating 4 dosing regimens. SETTING: Twenty-four public and private dermatology clinics in Australia and New Zealand (6-week study) and the United States (12-week study) participated. @entity1 : The study populations comprised 99 @entity1 enrolled in the 6-week study and 92 @entity1 in the 12-week study. @entity1 were at least 18 years old and had a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of nodular BCC. INTERVENTIONS: In the 6-week study, imiquimod was applied once daily for 3 or 7 days per week or twice daily for 3 or 7 days per week. In the 12-week study, @entity553 or placebo cream (vehicle) was applied once daily for 3, 5, or 7 days per week, or twice daily for 7 days per week. The entire @entity5 area was excised 6 weeks after treatment and examined histologically for evidence of remaining BCC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The proportion of @entity1 having no histologic evidence of BCC in the posttreatment excision specimen. RESULTS: Dosing once daily for 7 days per week resulted in the highest clearance rate, with 25 (71%) of 35 and 16 (76%) of 21 @entity1 showing clearance of their @entity5 in the 6- and 12-week studies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Topical 5% imiquimod cream is well tolerated and most effective in treating nodular BCC when applied once daily for 7 days per week for either 12 or 6 weeks.

title: Efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of XXXX : comparison of dosing regimens.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity553 :: ('MESH:C056493', 'Chemical') :: ['imiquimod']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['nodular basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['nodular basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Genetic predisposition and @entity32 play the leading role in the early stages and in the development of @entity731 . Previous studies have shown that substantial amounts of T-lymphocytes are present in both early @entity8481 and advanced @entity82 in @entity1 . This observation suggests that HLA antigens may be used as genetic markers for the tendency to @entity453 . The aim of our study was to investigate the relation of @entity731 and HLA antigens in @entity1 with @entity583 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 (15 male, 15 female, aged 54+/-8 years) and 30 subjects (15 male, 15 female, aged 52+/-7 years) without evidence of @entity453 --according to physical, fundoscopic, electrocardiographic and radiological examination--were enrolled to the study. Histocompatibility antigens (HLA-AB, -DR, -DQ) were studied with lymphocytotoxicity method. RESULTS: Age, gender, smoking, @entity167 consumption, frequency of @entity28 and @entity6 were similar between the two groups. In @entity1 with @entity583 frequency of @entity101 , family history and @entity407 were significantly higher than the controls (p < 0.0003, p < 0.0001, p < 0.01 respectively). Frequency of HLA antigens in @entity1 and in controls was 50% and 23% for HLA-A2, 63% and 20% for HLA-DQ4 and 90% and 50% for HA-DQ7. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant relation with the disease and the presence of these antigens (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.03 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that in the Turkish population presence of HLA-A2, HLA-DQ4 ve HLA-DQ7 (3) may be used as genetic markers for the tendency to @entity453 .

title: [Relation of HLA antigens and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous lesions']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity8481 :: ('MESH:C536351', 'Disease') :: ['fatty lesions']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) are common in general practice (GP), and are even more problematic as they become persistent. The present study examines the relationship between persistent @entity1109 in general practice on the one hand and quality of life, social conditions, and coping on the other hand. Additionally, it is examined how @entity1 with persistent @entity1109 evaluate the quality of GP-care. METHODS: Data were used from a representative survey of morbidity in Dutch general practice, in which data from the electronic medical records were extracted. A random sample of @entity1 participated in an extensive health interview and completed self-reported measures on social isolation, coping and the quality of GP-care. @entity1 with persistent @entity1109 (N = 192) were compared with general practice @entity1 not meeting the criteria for persistent @entity1109 (N = 7.314), and with a group of @entity1 that visited the GP in comparable rates for medical diagnoses (N = 2.265). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to control for relevant socio-demographic variables and @entity102 . RESULTS: After adjustment for demographics and @entity102 , @entity1 with persistent @entity1109 reported more @entity458 , more functional impairment, more social isolation, and they evaluated the quality of GP-care less positive than the other two @entity1 groups. Although the majority of @entity1109 @entity1 were positive about the quality of GP-care, they more often felt that they were not taken seriously or not involved in treatment decisions, and more often reported that the GP did not take sufficient time. The three groups did not differ with respect to the statement that the GP unnecessarily explains physical problems as psychological ones. CONCLUSION: Strengthening @entity1109 @entity1 ' social network and encouraging social activities may be a meaningful intervention in which the GP may play a stimulating role. To further improve @entity1109 @entity1 ' satisfaction with GP-care, GPs may pay extra attention to taking sufficient time when treating @entity1109 @entity1 , taking the problems seriously, and involving them in treatment decisions.

title: XXXX with persistent medically unexplained symptoms in general practice: characteristics and quality of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Medically unexplained physical symptoms', 'MUPS']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) is a rare autoimmune @entity409 . It is often associated with extrahepatic @entity792 . @entity272 are sporadically reported in association with @entity2835 . We report an unusual case of @entity2835 associated with @entity27955 ( @entity27955 ) and present a review of the literature on @entity272 associated with @entity2835 . Our @entity1 presented to the dermatology department with generalized @entity111 associated with nodular perforating @entity272 on the trunk, and @entity409 of unknown origin. After having established both diagnosis of @entity27955 and @entity2835 , she was managed in an interdisciplinary manner, and both her skin and liver conditions improved gradually. Only one similar case is reported in the literature, in that case, the @entity409 was not treated. By reviewing the literature, we found that lichen planus, @entity1694 , and @entity1569 are the most frequent @entity272 associated with @entity2835 . However, there is only limited data about specific @entity272 associated with @entity2835 . This case report of a @entity1 with @entity2835 associated with @entity27955 underlines the importance of interdisciplinary management of @entity1 with rare @entity409 combined with rare @entity272 . The present review of the literature shows that probably, immune-mediated @entity272 are not more frequent in @entity2835 @entity1 than in the general population. However, the available data are scant; there is a need for high-quality data on @entity272 associated with @entity2835 .

title: Primary Biliary Cholangitis Associated with XXXX : A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['PBC', 'Primary biliary cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity27955 :: ('MESH:C565687', 'Disease') :: ['ARPD', 'acquired reactive perforating dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases', 'liver disease', 'cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin disorders', 'skin disorders', 'skin lesions', 'skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['Skin Disorders']


abstract: This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of @entity2753 in @entity1 with intracapsular @entity2249 . All records containing clinical and laboratory information of @entity1 admitted with @entity2249 to the Academic Hospital of Parma (Italy) during the year 2013 were retrieved from the hospital database. The control population consisted of subjects admitted to the outpatient phlebotomy center during the same period. The final population consisted of 543 @entity1 with @entity2249 and 700 outpatients. The category of elderly subjects (i.e., >= 65 years) included 491 @entity1 and 380 controls. In both the entire population and elderly subjects, serum @entity1372 was lower in @entity1 than in controls (138 versus 139   mmol/L, P < 0.001). The prevalence of @entity2753 was also higher in cases than in controls, both in the entire population (19.5 versus 10.4%, P < 0.001) and in elderly subjects (20.8 versus 11.8%, P < 0.001). The odds ratio of @entity2753 for @entity2249 was 2.08 in the entire study population and 1.95 in those aged 65 years and older. In conclusion, we found that @entity2753 is significantly associated with @entity2249 . Serum @entity1372 should hence be regularly assessed and @entity2753 eventually corrected.

title: Prevalence of @entity2753 in XXXX : a one-year survey in an urban emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femur neck fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare healing of one-layer colonic anastomoses with or without a soluble intraluminal prosthesis (* @entity17142 -tube). DESIGN: Randomised, partly blinded controlled study. SETTING: University hospital, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 16 female Danish country strain @entity1707 , of which 8 had the @entity17142 tube inserted and 8 acted as controls. INTERVENTIONS: One-layer colonic anastomoses either hand-sewn (n = 8, controls) or hand-sewn onto an @entity17142 tube (n = 8). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Macroscopic evaluation, leakage test, breaking strength, histology, @entity26 @entity2701 in and near the @entity254 peroperatively and 4 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Three quarters of the tubes (n = 8) dissolved in less than 2 hours. Histological examination showed significantly better structured layers and more mucosal epithelial covering in the @entity17142 group. The other histological variables examined were: tissue gap (p < 0.08), @entity32 (p < 0.10), breaking strength (p < 0.46) and amount of granulation tissue (p < 0.71), but the last findings were not significant. @entity26 @entity2701 at the anastomotic line was better in the @entity17142 tube group, but not significantly so. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the @entity17142 tube facilitates the sewing of the @entity254 and may improve healing, possibly because of better apposition of the cut ends and reduced @entity2701 in the sutures.

title: An intraluminal prosthesis may improve healing of a one-layer colonic @entity254 : an experimental study in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: @entity2383 and @entity293 are common in childhood, but are usually not accompanied by @entity5450 . Nevertheless a small group of @entity1 remain at risk of developing @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Clinically these @entity1 present day and night wetting. The most important parameter, however, is urinary retention which is reflected by an abnormal voiding pattern in the uroflow curve. After ruling out @entity1 with @entity74 , nine @entity1 with psychogenic urine retention were observed for 5 years. @entity177 was seen in one, @entity740 in five @entity1 and in three @entity1 the kidney function could be maintained, but they all had severe scarring of at least one kidney. Furthermore, all revealed a dilation of the bladder and the upper urinary tract. @entity3025 occurred in six and obstruction of the ureterovesical junction in three @entity1 . Two @entity1 underwent repeated reflux surgery resulting in a rapid deterioration of renal function. Three @entity1 developed @entity101 and one had a @entity101 with microangiopathic @entity417 and @entity810 . @entity74 and problematic family settings were observed in all cases. Bladder training, transitory suprapubic catheters, intermittent catheterisation, medication and psychotherapy can avoid severe @entity8 and achieve a stabilisation of renal function. It is important to bear this syndrome in mind when evaluating @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity793 and urinary retention.

title: Non-neurogenic bladder and XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive crisis', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['upper urinary tract deterioration']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency', 'CRI']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Terminal renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Psychogenic disorders', 'neurogenic or anatomical disorders']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['Functional voiding disorders']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']


abstract: The present study was designed to examine the usefulness of cannulation of the caudal caval vein through the femoral vein for the measurement of hormone concentrations in the reproductive tract in the @entity1707 . The experiment was performed on sexually pubertal gilts (Polish Large White x Polish Landrace) of a similar age (7-8 months) and body mass (100-110 kg) after two controlled subsequent estrous cycles. Six gilts in the luteal phase (10th day) of the estrous cycle were used in this experiment. The animals were subjected to a surgical procedure which included:--premedication (Combelen, i.m. 1 ml/10 kg of body mass) and than after 20-30 min general anaesthesia (Vetbutal, i.v., dose 30-40 ml) according to body mass and the symptoms observed,--insertion of cannulas (o.d. 2.2 and i.d. 1.8 mm)--one into the jugular vein and the other into the caudal caval vein through the femoral vein. In several gilts the cannulas were inserted into the caudal caval vein to a depth of 14, 18, 20, 23, 25 and 30 cm from the femoral ring. The concentrations of @entity1420 (P4) and @entity251 (T) were analysed in samples of blood plasma from the jugular and caudal caval veins by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The largest differences in hormone concentrations between the jugular and caudal caval veins were ascertained when a cannula was inserted into the caudal caval vein to a depth of 20 cm from the femoral ring. In other cases the differences were less prominent, or no differences were observed (e.g. 14 cm for @entity1420 and @entity251 or 18 cm for @entity251 ).

title: The cannulation of the caudal caval vein through the femoral vein in the XXXX for endocrine research.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We previously reported a pair of @entity1323 viruses which are genetically similar but differ greatly in their virulence in @entity19 . A/ @entity1573 /Jiangsu/k0402/2010 ( @entity31326 ) is highly lethal to @entity19 , whereas A/Goose/Jiangsu/k0403/2010 (GS10) is avirulent. In this study, to investigate the host factors that account for their virulence discrepancy, we compared the pathology and host proteome of the @entity31326 - or GS10-infected @entity19 lung. @entity651 was observed from @entity31326 -infected animals as early as the first day of @entity281 , and the pathology steadily progressed at later time point. However, only mild lesions were observed in GS10-infected @entity19 lung at the late @entity281 stage. Using the quantitative iTRAQ coupled LC-MS/MS method, we first found that more significantly differentially expressed (DE) proteins were stimulated by GS10 compared with @entity31326 . However, bio-function analysis of the DE proteins suggested that @entity31326 induced much stronger inflammatory response-related functions than GS10. Canonical pathway analysis also demonstrated that @entity31326 highly activated the "Acute Phase Response Signaling," which results in a wide range of biological activities in response to @entity1800 , including many inflammatory processes. Further in-depth analysis showed that @entity31326 exacerbated @entity647 -associated responses, including inflammatory response, cell death, reactive @entity26 species production and complement response. In addition, some of these identified proteins that associated with the @entity651 were further confirmed to be regulated in vitro. Therefore, our findings suggest that the early @entity651 -associated host response induced by @entity31326 may contribute to the lung pathology and the high virulence of this virus in @entity19 .

title: iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics reveals important host factors involved in the high pathogenicity of the H5N1 avian influenza virus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1323 :: ('MESH:D005585', 'Disease') :: ['H5N1 avian influenza']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['increased lung injury', 'lung injury', 'Moderate lung injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to replace Cremophor-EL in the commercial @entity1311 intravenous formulation, @entity1311 , using a novel high-throughput combinatorial formulation approach. METHODS: Full factorial combinations of 12 generally regarded as safe excipients at three different concentrations were screened using an automated liquid dispenser. The hit formulations were further optimized to give the final optimized formulation @entity67214 . @entity67214 was then tested in @entity35 to compare its pharmacokinetic profile to Taxol. RESULTS: Of the 9,880 combinations tested in the initial screen, 19 were identified as hit combinations. These were further optimized to give the final formulation @entity67214 . When tested in @entity35 , @entity67214 was well tolerated at both the low and high doses of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, whereas Taxol killed all the @entity35 at the high dose. @entity67214 experienced slower elimination compared to Taxol. Similar to Taxol, @entity67214 also exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the power of a high-throughput combinatorial approach for alternative @entity1311 formulations. We believe that this approach can be applied to drug formulation in general and it can improve the speed and efficiency of drug formulation design.

title: A high-throughput combinatorial approach for the discovery of a cremophor EL-free XXXX formulation.

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Taxol']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']