abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) clusters in families with type 1 @entity6 and the degree of clustering suggests that a major gene having a common disease allele may be responsible. To investigate the chromosomal regions containing genes for the @entity916 -angiotensin system, we performed a linkage study using pairs of siblings with type 1 @entity6 who were discordant for @entity2316 . Theoretical considerations supported by simulation studies indicated that such discordant pairs, rather than the usual concordant pairs, would be more effective in detecting a major susceptibility gene for @entity2316 . We applied this novel strategy to test for linkage between @entity2316 and chromosomal regions containing genes for the @entity1289 , @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), and @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ). Two polymorphic markers were genotyped in the vicinity of each of the three loci in 66 discordant sib pairs and were analyzed with multipoint methods. The regions containing @entity1289 and @entity2178 loci were not linked with @entity2316 , while the region containing the @entity7743 locus showed linkage with @entity2316 . As a result of these positive findings, eight additional polymorphic markers spanning a 63-cM region around @entity7743 locus were genotyped. Linkage was demonstrated between @entity2316 and a 20-cM region that includes @entity7743 (P = 7.7 x 10(-5)), an obvious candidate gene for @entity2316 . To investigate whether @entity7743 could account for the observed linkage, we sequenced all exons, splicing junctions, and the promoter region and examined the identified polymorphisms/mutations for association with @entity2316 using the transmission disequilibrium test. Four new polymorphisms in the gene were found, but neither these nor previously described polymorphisms were associated with @entity2316 . Thus, while our study does not implicate @entity7743 itself in the etiology of @entity2316 , it provides very strong evidence that a 20-cM region around @entity7743 contains a major locus for susceptibility to @entity2316 .

title: Major susceptibility locus for nephropathy in type 1 XXXX on chromosome 3q: results of novel discordant sib-pair analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensinogen', 'AGT']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The degree to which MR imaging is useful in the diagnosis of @entity15 is predicated on standardized and reliable evaluation of MR imaging parameters. We aimed to devise items for an MR imaging scoring tool that would have high inter-rater agreement and would be straightforward to apply. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On the basis of a literature search and consensus of an expert panel, we identified 48 parameters that describe acute CNS @entity17 , predict @entity15 diagnosis, or characterize @entity17 disorder mimics. MR images of @entity1 with clinically confirmed @entity15 , monophasic ADEM, and angiography-negative biopsy-positive small-vessel primary @entity1333 of the CNS were scored by 2 neuroradiologists independently, using the preliminary 48-parameter tool. Parameters with Cohen k >=  0.6 and deemed important in predicting diagnosis were retained. Parameters not visualized on routine clinical imaging or not important in differentiating @entity15 , ADEM, and SV-cPACNS were discarded. RESULTS: Of 65 eligible @entity1 , 55 @entity1 were enrolled (16 with monophasic ADEM, 27 with @entity15 , 12 with SV-cPACNS); 10 were excluded (6 had hard-copy films, 4 did not meet MR imaging quality requirements). Of the 48 parameters, 16 were retained in the final scoring tool. The remaining 28 parameters were discarded: 4 had k < 0.6 and were not deemed useful in predicting diagnosis; 9 were not visible on routinely acquired clinical images; and 15 had inter-rater agreement >= 0.6 but were not useful in differentiating monophasic ADEM, @entity15 , and SV-cPACNS. CONCLUSIONS: We propose a 16-parameter MR imaging scoring tool that is straightforward to apply in the clinical setting and demonstrates high inter-rater agreement.

title: Development of a standardized MRI scoring tool for CNS XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelinating']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['demyelination']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the long-term results of the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with or without intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections for @entity455 . DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, interventional case series. METHODS: We included 69 eyes of 69 @entity1 with macula-involved @entity455 . All @entity1 were followed up for more than 2 years. We compared the treatment outcomes between groups and investigated the factors influencing visual improvement at 24 months of follow-up. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 received PDT combined with IVB and 33 @entity1 received PDT monotherapy. At 3 months, the mean logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.73 to 0.53 in the combined therapy group (P < .001) and from 0.79 to 0.72 in the @entity4906 monotherapy group (P = .02), with a significant difference in treatment efficacy between the 2 groups (P < .001). However, the improvements in BCVA were not statistically significant after 21 months in the combined therapy group and 15 months in the monotherapy group. The difference in treatment efficacy between the 2 groups was not significant after 6 months. Initial BCVA (P = .005), lesion size (P = .011), @entity1 age (P = .018), and location of @entity1127 (P = .006) significantly predicted the final visual outcome rather than treatment modality (P = .243). CONCLUSIONS: PDT combined with IVB for symptomatic @entity1485 was temporarily superior to PDT monotherapy, and the treatment efficacy decreased with time. Initial BCVA, lesion size, and location were more significant than treatment modality as the factors influencing final visual improvement.

title: Photodynamic therapy with or without intravitreal bevacizumab for XXXX : two years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy']


abstract: We have developed an @entity958 /Myzus persicae model system to allow the dissection of plant/insect interactions at a molecular genetic level. This allows the examination of the role of single plant genes in the interaction between the plant and an aphid. Our initial studies have exploited an @entity958 genotype in which the function of the @entity535 transporter @entity46988 has been abolished. This mutation results in a change in the proportions of several @entity1522 within the phloem sieve elements (SEs) resulting in an increase in the proportion of essential @entity1522 . This has been measured using aphid stylectomy to collect SE samples, followed by a novel micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for @entity535 analysis. The SE content represents the aphid's diet, and use of electrical penetration graph technology and honeydew clocks have demonstrated that this altered diet results in a change in the feeding rate of the aphid. Balance sheets can be produced to show the amount (nmoles/24 h) of each of 18 @entity1522 taken up and excreted by aphids feeding on wild type and @entity46988 mutant plants. The data show that aphids feeding on the @entity46988 mutant take up larger amounts of @entity1522 . However, we could not detect any effect on the reproductive rate of the aphids. The results show that, under experimental conditions, this model system can be used to identify plant genes that control the behaviour and fecundity of an insect pest.

title: The XXXX /Myzus persicae model system demonstrates that a single gene can influence the interaction between a plant and a sap-feeding insect.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify and examine religious and spiritual coping strategies among elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 . METHODS: A convenience sample of 33 @entity1 age 65 years was recruited within 6 months of diagnosis. Respondents participated in a structured interview with open-ended questions. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed independently by three researchers and themes were discussed until consensus was reached. RESULTS: @entity1 ' religious background was varied: 17 Protestant, five Catholic, six Jews, and four Other. There was great variation in the frequency of religious service attendance. Religious and/or spiritual belief either increased or stayed the same during the time of health crisis. Analysis of transcripts revealed three themes. Religious and spiritual faith provided respondents with the emotional support necessary to deal with their @entity0 (91%), with social support (70%), and with the ability to make meaning in their everyday life, particularly during their @entity5 experience (64%). CONCLUSIONS: Religious and spiritual faith provides elderly @entity1 newly diagnosed with @entity0 with important tools for coping with their illness and should be recognized by diagnosing physicians. It may be important to encourage these @entity1 to seek religious support and/or to reconnect with their religious community.

title: Coping with XXXX in later life: the role of religious faith.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Impulse noise from firearms is a common cause of acute @entity13378 (AAT), which is characterized by @entity2198 and @entity392 . Various treatment modalities have been proposed, some combining medical treatment with hyperbaric @entity26 (HBOT) in various ways. We have reviewed the therapeutic effect of primary protocols, with or without HBOT, used in our hospital. METHODS: Sixty-eight soldiers for all of whom pre-AAT audiometry tests were available, were treated with one of three different regimens. Group 1 received oral medication only. Group 2 received HBOT twice a day for 3 days then once a day (7 days), combined with intravenous medication (5 days) followed by oral treatment. Group 3 received HBOT once a day and oral medication for 10 days. Medical treatment consisted of @entity1667 and @entity2475 in all groups. Control audiometry was performed after 10 days. Average Hearing Gain (AHG) and Average Residual Hearing Loss (ARHL) were calculated. RESULTS: The mean AHG in Group 1 was +5.58    3.58 dB (mean    SD); in Group 2 it was +20.62    17.68 dB; and in Group 3 +17.0    14.0 dB (P = 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). The mean ARHL without HBOT was -14.7    8.27 dB (Group 1), and respectively -2.36    10.69 dB (Group 2) and -5.0    8.0 dB (Group 3) in the HBOT groups (P = 0.001, Kruskal-Wallis test). CONCLUSION: These results indicate a significant benefit for the combination of HBOT and medical therapy over medical treatment alone. Which of the two HBOT regimens is the more effective, remains to be determined.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX therapy for acute noise-induced hearing loss: evaluation of different treatment regimens.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['high-frequency hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['piracetam']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity13378 :: ('MESH:D006317', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic trauma']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether tranilast administered to pigmented @entity35 inhibits formation of @entity1940 induced by diode-laser photocoagulation. METHODS: Female Brown @entity35 were used. On day 0, @entity1940 was induced by diode-laser photocoagulation, using a setting of 75 microm spot size, 0.1 second's duration, and 100 mW intensity. Tranilast (200 or 600 mg/kg per day) was administered orally twice daily for 14 days. @entity3352 (1 and 5 mg/kg per day) was administered orally once a day for 14 days. @entity1940 was evaluated on days 7 and 14 by fundus photography and @entity941 angiography. Late-phase @entity941 angiography was scored according to four grades. The animals were killed on day 14, and the lesions were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: In the vehicle-treated group, 34 of 35 burns (97%) showed @entity941 staining and late leakage on day 14. @entity1940 was identified by light microscopy in all the lesions that showed @entity941 staining and late leakage. The score of @entity941 staining was reduced in @entity35 given 200 mg/kg per day or 600 mg/kg per day (P < 0.01) of tranilast. The thickness of the laser-induced lesions was reduced in a dose-dependent manner by tranilast, a significant difference was observed with 600 mg/kg per day (P < 0.05). Oral @entity3352 treatment did not reduce @entity941 staining on day 14. CONCLUSIONS: Tranilast inhibits the development of @entity1940 in this experimental model.

title: Suppression of laser-induced XXXX by oral tranilast in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Norway rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal neovascularization', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The novel agent @entity3446 (SRL; Rapamune; @entity3446 ) inhibits the immune response by a mechanism distinct from those of calcineurin antagonists or antimetabolites. This randomized, controlled, multicenter, single blind, phase II trial examined the combination of SRL, @entity230 , and full versus reduced doses of @entity205 (CsA) for prophylaxis of acute renal allograft rejection. METHODS: A total of 149 recipients of mismatched cadaveric- or living-donor primary renal allografts were randomized into six groups. Three groups received placebo or 1 or 3 mg/m2/day SRL, as well as @entity230 and full-dose CsA (Sandimmune). Three groups received @entity230 , reduced-dose CsA (target trough level 50% of full-dose range), and 1, 3, or 5 mg/m2/day SRL. RESULTS: The incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes within the first 6 months after transplant was reduced from 32.0% in the control group to 8.5% in @entity1 receiving SRL (1 or 3 mg/m2/day) and full-dose Sandimmune CsA (P=0.018). Similar low rates of acute rejection episodes were observed among non-African-Americans, but not African-Americans, treated with SRL and reduced-dose Sandimmune CsA. Despite the augmented immunosuppression, 1-year @entity1 and graft survival rates did not differ significantly across groups. Adverse effects attributable to CsA, including @entity101 and new-onset @entity6 , were not exacerbated by SRL. Except for an increased incidence of @entity55 among @entity1 receiving full-dose @entity47266 mg/m2/day SRL, the incidences of @entity1292 were similar in all treatment groups. Although SRL produced more frequent, but reversible, hematological and @entity14822 , it had no apparent nephrotoxic effects to exacerbate CsA-induced @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: SRL in combination with @entity870 and @entity230 not only lowers the incidence of biopsy-proven acute renal allograft rejection episodes, but also may permit CsA sparing, at least among Caucasian @entity1 , without an increased risk of rejection.

title: XXXX reduces the incidence of acute rejection episodes despite lower @entity205 doses in caucasian recipients of mismatched primary renal allografts: a phase II trial. Rapamune Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Sirolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This report summarizes our experience with the use of occluding spring coils to close the small @entity2461 . BACKGROUND: Several @entity2461 occluders (most notably the Rashkind device) have been developed and studied. Occluding spring coils have been used to close abnormal vessels and vascular connections. We previously reported the use of occluding spring coils to close the small @entity2461 in a small group of @entity1 . This report describes our series of @entity1 having @entity2461 closure with occluding spring coils. METHODS: Between June 1990 and June 1993, 30 @entity1 underwent cardiac catheterization to have @entity2461 closure by occluding spring coils. Selection criteria were age > 6 months and narrowest @entity2461 internal dimension < or = 3.0 mm by color flow imaging. Definitive selection was based on review of aortograms performed at catheterization. A 5.2F coronary catheter was used to deliver one or two standard occluding spring coils. A loop was delivered in the main pulmonary artery, and the remainder of the coil was delivered across the @entity2461 and into the aortic diverticulum. @entity2461 was confirmed by aortography or color flow imaging, or both. Follow-up after coil placement occurred at 6 weeks and 6 months and included two-view chest radiography, echocardiography and color flow imaging. RESULTS: Of the 30 @entity1 , 29 had successful implantation by one (27 @entity1 ) or two (2 @entity1 ) occluding spring coils. Of these 29 @entity1 , 19 had a clinically apparent and 10 had a silent @entity2461 . Average ductus minimal internal dimension was 1.7 mm (range 1.0 to 3.0). Complete closure of the ductus was confirmed in 27 @entity1 by aortography or color flow imaging or both (in 24 within 4 h, in 2 after 6 weeks and in 1 after 6 months). Six weeks after implantation, two @entity1 had a tiny residual @entity2461 noted on color flow imaging. One @entity1 did not have successful implantation. This @entity1 had a 3.2-mm ductus, and two coils migrated to the @entity358 and could not be retrieved. There were no deaths or any significant complications noted during early or late follow-up in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Occluding spring coils may have additional application in closing the small @entity2461 .

title: Percutaneous closure of the small XXXX using occluding spring coils.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['distal left pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['Patent ductus arteriosus closure', 'patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the association between objectively measured light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), @entity146 , and biological markers in a national sample of U.S. pregnant @entity1 , as few studies have examined these relationships among this population. METHODS: The sample of noninstitutionalized U.S. civilians was selected by a complex, multistage probability design. Data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Examination Survey were used. Two hundred six pregnant @entity1 were included in the data analysis. Physical activity and sedentary data were objectively measured via accelerometry (ActiGraph 7164). Biomarker data was obtained in the mobile examination center from urine, blood samples, blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. Urine and blood samples were obtained to determine pregnancy status, @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 , total @entity165 , and @entity4874 as well as fasting @entity413 , fasting @entity1674 , and fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 data. Multivariable regression was employed to examine the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and biomarker levels. RESULTS: There was a positive association between sedentary behavior and @entity1851 levels (beta coefficient [b]=0.001, p=0.02) and LDL @entity165 (b=0.12, p=0.02). There was an inverse association between light-intensity physical activity and @entity1851 (b=-0.003; p=0.008) and diastolic blood pressure (b=-0.03; p=0.02), with those engaging in higher levels of MVPA having higher HDL @entity165 (b=6.7; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Physical activity and sedentary behavior were favorably associated with various biomarkers among pregnant @entity1 , suggesting that healthcare providers should encourage pregnant @entity1 to participate in safe forms of physical activity behaviors while also reducing their amount of time spent in @entity146 .

title: Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with biological markers among U.S. pregnant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary behaviors']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Spontaneous, @entity43 occur in pubertal SWR and specific SWXJ recombinant inbred strains of @entity19 . Treatment of these @entity19 with @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), an adrenal secretory @entity134 with anticancer actions against spontaneous and carcinogen-induced @entity5 of different tissues, gave unexpected results. Diet supplemented with 0.4% @entity2494 (a) induced significantly more @entity722 in spontaneous @entity5 -susceptible strains (SWR and SWXJ-1, -4, and -9), (b) induced the first @entity722 observed in five previously @entity5 -free strains (SWXJ-6, -7, -8, -10, and -12), and (c) failed to induce @entity722 in SJL and in the remaining six SWXJ strains (SWXJ-2, -3, -5, -11, -13, and -14). The strain distribution pattern of @entity2494 -induced @entity722 susceptibility versus resistance was compared with strain distribution patterns for 35 different loci known to distinguish SWR and SJL progenitor strains. A complete match of @entity2494 -induced @entity722 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) on @entity19 chromosome 4 was found. We have named this new locus @entity722 susceptibility (Gct), with the Gcts (susceptible) allele found in SWR and the Gctr (resistant) allele found in SJL @entity19 . The Gct locus is closely linked to @entity788 , @entity788 , but the order of genes is not yet confirmed. In addition, data from F1 progeny of matings between SWR and selected inbred strains provide suggestive evidence for a second gene controlling @entity722 incidence that we hypothesize involves @entity134 metabolism. Differences in @entity722 incidence data from reciprocal F1 progeny of matings between SWR and SJL @entity19 reveal a strong maternal effect that may represent yet a third gene. These data support a heritable basis for GC tumorigenesis in the SWR model involving a small number of genes.

title: Gene for @entity43 susceptibility, Gct, in SWXJ recombinant inbred strains of @entity19 revealed by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ovarian granulosa cell (GC) tumors']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['GC tumors', 'GC tumor']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity2494 :: (MESH:D003687,Chemical) :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: BRCAness is defined as shared tumour characteristics between sporadic and BRCA-mutated @entity5 . However, how to exactly measure BRCAness and its frequency in @entity0 is not known. Assays to establish BRCAness would be extremely valuable for the clinical management of these @entity5 . We assessed BRCAness characteristics frequencies in a large cohort of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: As a measure of BRCAness, we determined a specific @entity5345 -like pattern by array Comparative Genomic Hybridisation (aCGH), and @entity5345 promoter methylation in 377 @entity0 , obtained from 3 different @entity1 cohorts. Clinicopathological data were available for all @entity5 , @entity5345 -germline mutation status and chemotherapy response data were available for a subset. RESULTS: Of the @entity5 , 66-69% had a @entity5345 -like aCGH profile and 27-37% showed @entity5345 promoter methylation. @entity5345 -germline mutations and @entity5345 promoter methylation were mutually exclusive events (P=1   10(-5)). BRCAness was associated with younger age and grade 3 @entity5 . Chemotherapy response was significantly higher in @entity5345 -mutated @entity5 , but not in @entity5 with BRCAness (63% (12 out of 19) vs 35% (18 out of 52) pathological complete remission rate, respectively). CONCLUSION: The majority of the @entity0 show BRCAness, and those @entity5 share clinicopathological characteristics with @entity5345 -mutated @entity5 . A better characterisation of TNBC and the presence of BRCAness could have consequences for both @entity0 screening and the treatment of these @entity5 .

title: Triple-negative XXXX : BRCAness and concordance of clinical features with @entity5345 -mutation carriers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBCs', 'breast cancer', 'hereditary breast cancer', 'triple-negative breast cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the changes in anterior and posterior corneal curvatures in radial keratotomy (RK) and normal eyes exposed to @entity519 using Orbscan (Bausch _ Lomb) technology. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA. METHODS: At sea level, 11 RK subjects and 10 control subjects were exposed to ocular surface @entity519 in 1 eye by filtering humidified, compressed 100% @entity1568 (0% @entity26 ) through an airtight goggle system for 2 hours. The contralateral eye was exposed to humidified, compressed air (21% @entity26 ) simultaneously through the airtight goggle system. Orbscan analysis was performed in each subject before and immediately after gas exposure. This analysis included measurement of the anterior axial and posterior axial corneal curvatures as well as corneal pachymetry. RESULTS: In the RK eyes exposed to 100% @entity1568 gas, there was a statistically significant flattening in the anterior axial corneal curvature (P = .0012) and in the posterior axial corneal curvature (P = .0067). Radial keratotomy and control eyes exposed to air and control eyes exposed to 100% @entity1568 gas demonstrated no statistically significant change in the anterior axial or posterior axial corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: @entity519 induced a statistically significant flattening in the anterior axial and posterior axial corneal curvatures in eyes that had had RK. There was no significant change in these curvatures in RK eyes exposed to air and in control eyes exposed to air or 100% @entity1568 gas.

title: Analysis of anterior and posterior corneal curvature changes using Orbscan technology in radial keratotomy eyes exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: The role of @entity1173 of the hip joint before revision of a total hip arthroplasty remains controversial. To address this issue, we reviewed the results of 270 consecutive hips in which @entity1173 had been attempted before revision procedures that were performed between 1980 and 1988. All hips had intraoperative findings and clinical follow-up of at least two years to confirm the presence or absence of @entity281 . Only six (2 per cent) of the 270 hips were determined to be infected. Aspiration had been attempted in all six hips, but fluid could be obtained from only four. All six hips also had clinical or radiographic signs, or both, of @entity281 , including increasing @entity158 within three years after the arthroplasty (four hips), inability of the @entity1 to attain @entity158 after the original procedure (four hips), radiographic findings compatible with @entity281 (six hips), and a positive finding on culture of a specimen obtained from a previous @entity1173 (two hips). Because of these factors, @entity1173 was attempted a second time in four of the six hips and a third time in three of the four. The four hips from which fluid could be obtained had a total of ten successful aspirations; the cultures of specimens obtained from six of these procedures were positive and those from four were negative. The appearance of the capsular tissue at the time of the operation suggested @entity281 in five of the six infected hips. Histological sections were positive for @entity32 in all six: there was acute @entity32 only in one, chronic @entity32 only in two, and @entity32 in three. No organisms were seen on gram stains of specimens from any of the six infected hips. Of the 254 hips that did not have an @entity281 and had been aspirated successfully, thirty-two (13 per cent) had a false-positive result on culture of a specimen of the @entity1173 fluid. Only two (6 per cent) of the thirty-four hips that had a positive result on culture of fluid from the initial @entity1173 had a true-positive result. No hip had a true-positive result on culture of fluid that had been aspirated preoperatively without also having clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity281 . On the basis of these findings, we recommend that @entity1173 be performed in selected @entity1 rather than routinely. It also should be performed only if a detailed clinical history suggests @entity281 or if radiographs demonstrate focal lysis, aggressive non-focal lysis, or @entity1048 .

title: The value of XXXX of the hip joint before revision total hip arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'acute and chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1048 :: ('MESH:D010522', 'Disease') :: ['periostitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-free status']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report the results of radiotherapy for @entity1 with failure, adverse reactions or relative contraindications to the use of @entity230 or immunosuppressants, by using newly developed quantitative indexes. METHODS: Fourteen female and six male @entity1 with @entity6875 were treated with radiotherapy between 1989 and 1996. Prior to radiotherapy, eight @entity1 received treatment with @entity229 , four received immunosuppressants and four received a combination of both. Four @entity1 with contraindications to @entity230 were initially managed with radiotherapy. Most of the @entity1 received a dose of 24-28 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. We used the newly developed motility limitation index to assess extraocular motility. RESULTS: Treatment was well tolerated. There have been no late complications. All 12 @entity1 with soft tissue signs such as @entity4 , @entity146 , tearing and @entity158 were improved. Proptosis did not improve or improved only slightly, 3 mm at best. However, proptosis in all but two has been stabilized and has not deteriorated in the follow-up period. Most of the @entity1 have experienced an @entity1319 . Extraocular muscles that work for elevation were impaired more severely than the other muscles and this tended to remain. Of the 16 @entity1 using @entity230 before or when radiotherapy was initiated, 15 were tapered off and only one @entity1 required additional @entity230 , thus sparing the majority from @entity134 adverse reactions. CONCLUSION: Radiotherapy was effective in preventing exacerbations of active inflammatory @entity6875 in @entity1 with @entity2743 with minimal morbidity and thus eliminated the adverse reactions associated with protracted corticosteroid use. The newly developed motility limitation index was useful in detecting delicate changes in motility of individual extraocular muscles.

title: Radiotherapy in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' ophthalmopathy", 'ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['improvement of eye-muscle motility']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['Graves' ophthalmopathy']


abstract: The regulatory effects of thyroid hormone on adenohypophysial substance @entity10133 ) were studied in heterotopically implanted anterior @entity4611 . Three or four anterior @entity4611 from 21-day-old @entity35 pups were implanted under the renal capsule in 175- to 200-g adult @entity35 . The donor and recipient animals were sex matched. One week after implantation, animals were thyroidectomized or sham operated. A separate group of animals received daily T4 treatment (1.5 g/100 g, ip). After 2 weeks, the native and @entity4611 were assayed for SP, TSH, PRL, and LH. Thyroidectomy resulted in a 3- to 10-fold increase in the SP concentration in both the @entity4611 compared to euthyroid values. T4 treatment suppressed the SP levels in the @entity4611 of the thyroidectomized @entity35 . In contrast to the reduction of TSH concentrations in native @entity4611 in thyroidectomized animals vs. controls, TSH concentrations in the @entity4611 of thyroidectomized @entity35 were approximately 10 times greater than those in euthyroid animals. PRL concentrations were unaffected by @entity1375 in native and @entity4611 . Thyroidectomy resulted in a decrease in LH concentrations in the native anterior pituitary, without affecting LH concentrations in the implanted pituitary. These findings indicate that a direct link from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary is not required for the pituitary SP response to @entity1375 .

title: XXXX increases substance P concentrations in the heterotopic anterior pituitary.

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitaries', 'heterotopic pituitaries', 'heterotopic and native pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gestation triggers a tight coordination among maternal tissues to provide @entity1718 (FA) to the fetus through placental transport; however, there is insufficient evidence regarding regulation of proteins involved in placental transport of FA according to gestational age. The aim of this study was to determine the role of gestational age on the expression of genes involved in FA uptake, trafficking and synthesis in the @entity35 placenta to support fetal demands. Gene expression of encoding proteins for placental transport and synthesis of FA was measured in placenta. Also, FA composition was measured in placenta, fetuses and newborns. mRNA expression of @entity13688 ( @entity13688 ) and @entity48345 (for uptake) was 4.4- and 1.43-fold higher, respectively, during late gestation than at @entity19241 , but expression of p-fabp-pm decreased 0.37-fold at late pregnancy in comparison with @entity19241 . Only mRNA @entity12891 member for trafficking of FA was 2.95-fold higher at late gestation than at @entity19241 . mRNA of fasn and @entity48346 participating in saturated FA and enzymes for the polyunsaturated FA synthesis were downregulated during late gestation and their regulator srebf-1c increased at @entity11754 . This study suggests that gestational age has an effect on expression of some genes involved in uptake, trafficking and synthesis of FA in the @entity35 placenta; mRNA expression of @entity13688 and, @entity48345 for uptake and @entity12891 implicated in trafficking was expressed at high levels at late gestation. In addition, placenta expresses the mRNAs involved in FA synthesis; these genes were expressed at low levels at late gestation. Additionally, mRNAs of Srebf-1c transcriptional regulator of desaturases and elongases was highly expressed during late gestation. Finally, these changes in the @entity35 placenta allowed the placenta to partially supply saturated and monounsaturated FA to the fetus.

title: The effect of gestational age on expression of genes involved in uptake, trafficking and synthesis of @entity1718 in the XXXX placenta.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The sequence of the mtDNA of the @entity19694 , @entity19694 , was determined. The length of the molecule was 16,797 base pairs. The organization of the molecule conformed with that of other eutherian mammals but the control region was unusually long due to the presence of two types of repeated motifs. The @entity19694 and the previously reported @entity16341 , @entity16341 , belong to different but closely related genera of family Phocidae, true (or earless) seals. In order to determine the degree of differences that may occur between mtDNAs of closely related @entity1 genera, the 2 rRNA genes, the 13 peptide coding genes, and the 22 tRNA genes of the 2 species were compared. Total @entity377 difference in the peptide coding genes was 2.0-6.1%. The range of conservative difference was 0.0-1.5%. In the inferred peptide sequences the @entity535 difference was 0.0-4.5%, and the difference with respect to chemical properties of @entity1522 was 0.0-3.0%. A gene that showed a limited degree of difference in one mode of comparison did not necessarily show a corresponding limited difference in another mode. The ratio for differences in codon positions 1, 2, and 3 was approximately 2.7:1:16. The corresponding ratio for conservative differences was approximately 1.8:1.1:1. The evolutionary separation of the two species was calculated to have taken place 2-2.5 million years ago. This dating gives the figure approximately 8 x 10(-9) as the mean rate of substitution per site and year in the entire mtDNA molecule. Comparison with the @entity48546 gene of the @entity37875 and the @entity40525 suggested that the lineage of these two species and that of the grey and @entity16341 separated approximately 8 million years ago.

title: The @entity377 sequence of the mitochondrial DNA molecule of the @entity19694 , XXXX , and a comparison with mitochondrial sequences of other true seals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity19694 :: ('9711', 'Species') :: ['Halichoerus grypus', 'grey seal']

entities_list: @entity37875 :: ('29088', 'Species') :: ['Hawaiian monk seal']

entities_list: @entity16341 :: ('9720', 'Species') :: ['Phoca vitulina', 'harbor seal', 'harbor seals']

answer: @entity19694 :: (9711,Species) :: ['Halichoerus grypus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity774 are at risk of severe @entity551 not responding to administration of @entity2661 . As glucocorticoids may be a prerequisite for intact beta-adrenoceptor function, impaired adrenoceptor activity may explain the @entity551 and reduced cardiac performance in @entity1887 . The aim of our study was, therefore, to further elucidate the permissive action of glucocorticoids on adrenergic function and cardiac performance. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study. @entity1 : Nine @entity1 with @entity1887 were investigated before and 48 hours after glucocorticoid withdrawal. Mineralocorticoid therapy remained unchanged during the study period. MEASUREMENTS: Lymphocyte @entity2162 density, intracellular @entity268 response to @entity3044 , platelet alpha 2-receptor density, plasma @entity2661 , serum @entity701 , plasma ACTH, echocardiography. RESULTS: Glucocorticoid depletion was demonstrated by a fall in serum @entity701 from mean +/- SEM 441 +/- 62 to 45 +/- 18 nmol/l. Glucocorticoid withdrawal decreased lymphocyte beta 2-receptor density from 798 +/- 111 to 498 +/- 54 binding sites/cell (P < 0.05) and the intracellular @entity268 response to @entity3044 from 15.0 +/- 4.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.7 pmol/10(6) cells (P < 0.05). Echocardiography showed impaired diastolic relaxation after glucocorticoid withdrawal with prolongation of the rapid filling period (80.3 +/- 12.5 vs 138.3 +/- 11.8 ms, P < 0.05). Plasma @entity2661 , platelet alpha 2-receptor density and systolic left ventricular function were not affected by @entity19934 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of normal glucocorticoid levels for @entity2162 function and helps to explain the decreased responsiveness to @entity2661 and the impaired cardiac performance in @entity774 .

title: Reduced lymphocyte @entity2162 density and impaired diastolic left ventricular function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2162 :: ('154', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-adrenoceptor']

entities_list: @entity19934 :: ('MESH:C564577', 'Disease') :: ['glucocorticoid deficiency']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal crisis']

answer: @entity19934 :: (MESH:C564577,Disease) :: ['glucocorticoid deficiency']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on proptosis in @entity1 with @entity1374 . METHODS: The medical records of 22 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1374 undergoing strabismus surgery were reviewed. Data pertaining to the number of muscles operated on, amount of @entity121 , prior orbital decompression, and exophthalmometry were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirty-eight eyes in 22 @entity1 with @entity1374 were studied before and after strabismus surgery. The mean change in exophthalmometry following strabismus surgery in all eyes was +0.6 mm (p < 0.01). Eyes with prior decompression averaged a 0.9 mm increase following strabismus surgery (p < 0.01); those without decompression averaged a 0.2 mm decrease (p = 0.658). In eyes that underwent two rectus muscle recessions the increase in Hertel measurements averaged 1.2 mm; when only one muscle was recessed, the average increase was 0.2 mm. In the eyes with @entity121 < or =5 mm, the mean exophthalmometric increase was 0.7 mm. When a @entity121 of more than 5 mm was performed, the exophthalmometry showed a mean increase of 0.5 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Strabismus surgery on @entity1 with @entity1374 can worsen proptosis, especially in those with prior decompression. When planning for orbital decompression, the surgeon should consider this effect. Moreover, @entity1 should be made aware of the possible changes to their appearance.

title: Change in proptosis following extraocular muscle surgery: effects of @entity121 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle recession']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid-associated orbitopathy']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid-associated orbitopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soy and @entity6400 have been proposed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular risk factors, but their potential as preventatives for @entity65 remains uncertain. We investigated the association of soy and @entity3093 intake with risk of cerebral and @entity583 (CI and MI). METHODS AND RESULTS: To examine the association of soy and @entity3093 intake with the risk of CI and MI, we studied 40,462 Japanese (40 to 59 years old, without @entity65 or @entity5 at baseline). They completed a food-frequency questionnaire (1990-1992) and received follow-up to 2002. After 503,998 @entity1 -years of follow-up, we documented incidence of CI (n=587) and MI (n=308) and of mortality for CI and MI combined (n=232). For @entity1 , the multivariable hazard ratios and 95% confidence limits for soy intake > or = 5 times per week versus 0 to 2 times per week were 0.64 (0.43 to 0.95) for risk of CI, 0.55 (0.26 to 1.09) for risk of MI, and 0.31 (0.13 to 0.74) for @entity65 mortality. Similar but weaker inverse associations were observed between intake of miso soup and beans and risk of @entity65 mortality. The multivariable hazard ratios for the highest versus the lowest quintiles of @entity6400 in @entity1 were 0.35 (0.21 to 0.59) for CI, 0.37 (0.14 to 0.98) for MI, and 0.87 (0.29 to 2.52) for @entity65 mortality. An inverse association between @entity3093 intake and risk of CI and MI was observed primarily among postmenopausal @entity1 . No significant association of dietary intake of soy, miso soup, and beans and @entity6400 with CI or MI was present in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: High @entity3093 intake was associated with reduced risk of CI and MI in Japanese @entity1 . The risk reduction was pronounced for postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Association of dietary intake of soy, beans, and @entity6400 with risk of cerebral and XXXX in Japanese populations: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) study cohort I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarctions']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) expression in @entity1 head and neck @entity957 and correlate this to the presence of @entity5 @entity519 and treatment outcome. @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 of the head and neck were included. Of these, 34 were given the @entity519 marker @entity12184 i.v. 2 h prior to biopsy taking. Contiguous paraffin embedded biopsies were stained for @entity5859 expression and, if administered, for @entity12184 binding. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity5859 was interpreted semiquantitatively according to a composite scale, ranging from 0 to 200. @entity12184 positivity was quantitatively analyzed in a semiautomatic way. RESULTS: Diffuse weak-to-moderate cytoplasmic and membrane @entity5859 immunostaining was observed in 80 of 85 biopsies (94%) and staining scores ranged from 0 to 198 (median 100). No correlations were found between @entity5859 expression, and the primary @entity5 site, T-stage or N-stage. Also, There was no association between @entity5859 expression and treatment outcome. The degree of @entity5 @entity519 represented by the relative area of @entity12184 binding varied between 0 and 26% (median 7%). Contiguous biopsy sections showed a lack of colocalization between @entity5859 and @entity12184 binding. CONCLUSION: @entity5859 expression was demonstrated in the majority of the @entity135 . No colocalization was found between @entity5859 expression and @entity12184 binding indicating that the presence or absence of @entity519 did not necessarily indicate a distinct pattern of @entity5859 expression. The level of @entity5859 expression was not of prognostic significance in @entity1 with @entity135 , although small effects of @entity5859 cannot be excluded because of the sample size of this study.

title: Erythropoietin receptor is not a surrogate marker for @entity5 @entity519 and does not correlate with survival in head and neck XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EPOR']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity12184 :: ('MESH:C033815', 'Chemical') :: ['Pimonidazole', 'pimonidazole']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Various @entity74 result from a disruption of the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of tissue matrix macromolecules. Growth factors, particularly @entity442 ( @entity442 ), are believed to play an important role in maintaining this equilibrium. In this study, we determined the levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and characterized and measured the amount of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in the synovial fluid (SF) of @entity571 ( @entity571 ), @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and normal individuals. Furthermore, we characterized the IGFBP found in these SFs. The levels of @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity2301 were determined by specific radioimmunoassays (RIAs). IGFBP identification and measurement were carried out using the Western ligand blot (WLB) technique, and characterization performed by Western immunoblot. @entity2301 proteolysis was analyzed by autoradiography after incubation of SF with radiolabeled @entity2301 . Results showed a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001) in the @entity442 level in arthritic SF vs normal controls; 75 +/- 11 ng/ml and 82 +/- 11 ng/ml were recorded for @entity309 (N = 8) and @entity571 (N = 10), respectively, whilst normal controls (N = 9) were at 19 +/- 7 ng/ml. No difference in the level of @entity5100 was recorded between the three groups studied. @entity1 SF demonstrated the presence of @entity10116 , but not that of @entity49001 . The level of @entity2301 tested either by WLB or RIA was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in @entity309 and @entity571 @entity1 . Moreover, a statistical and positive correlation between the levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 was noted. WLB analysis indicated that the amount of @entity10116 did not vary among the groups. The levels of @entity46704 were significantly increased (P < 0.02) solely in the @entity309 SF. Further experiments demonstrated that a limited @entity2301 proteolysis occurred in @entity1 SF. Moreover, the ratio of total IGF over total bioactive IGFBPs was lower in @entity309 (P < 0.05), and to a lesser extent in @entity571 than normal specimens. This study showed the presence of four IGFBPs (1 4) in @entity1 SF for which the @entity10513 were enhanced in arthritic fluid. Importantly, although proteolysis occurred in the SF, an increased amount of bioactive IGFBPs were present in arthritic SF, which may affect the bioavailability of @entity442 within the articular tissues.

title: IGF and IGF-binding protein system in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritic and @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic disorders']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining anti-angiogenesis agents with cytotoxic agents for the treatment of @entity11 may affect the cytotoxic drug distribution by normalizing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This study examines the intratumoral concentration of @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ) in the presence and absence of the pan-VEGF receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity19977 . METHODS: Seven nude @entity35 bearing U87 @entity1779 had a microdialysis probe centered within the @entity5 . Ten-days after @entity5 implantation, @entity2904 (50 mg/kg) was given orally. The extracellular fluid (ECF) concentrations of @entity2904 within the @entity5 were assessed via microdialysis for 6 h following @entity2904 administration. @entity19977 (6 mg/kg) was then given orally, and 12 h later, @entity2904 was re-administered with subsequent microdialysis collection. A subset of animals also underwent functional MRI to assess angiogenesis in vivo at post-inoculation days 12 and 21, before and after the @entity19977 treatment. RESULTS: After dosing of oral @entity2904 only, ECF- @entity2904 mean-C(max) and area under the concentration curve(AUC(0-   )) within the @entity5 were 0.59  g/mL and 1.82  g h/mL, respectively. Post- @entity19977 , ECF- @entity2904 mean-C(max) and AUC(0-   ) were 0.83  g/mL and 3.72    0.61  g h/mL within the @entity5 , respectively. This represented a 1.4-fold (p = 0.3) and 2.0-fold (p = 0.06) increase in the ECF- @entity2904 C(max) and AUC(0-   ), respectively, after @entity19977 administration. In vivo MRI measurements of the various vascular parameters were consistent with a BBB "normalization" profile following @entity19977 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In the U87 @entity1779 model, within the first day of administration of @entity19977 , the intratumoral concentrations of @entity2904 in @entity5 ECF were slightly, but not statistically significantly, increased when compared to the treatment of @entity2904 alone with radiographic evidence of a normalized BBB.

title: Microdialysis measurement of intratumoral XXXX concentration after @entity19977 , a pan-VEGF receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, in a U87 @entity11 model.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity19977 :: ('MESH:C500926', 'Chemical') :: ['Cediranib', 'cediranib']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral gliomas', 'intracerebral glioma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: @entity9144 affects the nervous system after @entity281 with the spirochete @entity2069 . Previously, @entity12513 has been regarded as an extremely rare @entity532 . The data on the long-term outcome in @entity1 with @entity12513 due to @entity9144 are limited. The objective of this study was to perform a longitudinal analysis of cases of @entity9144 -associated @entity12513 . We recruited all @entity1 (n = 11) diagnosed with @entity9144 -associated in three neurological departments in an East German region. Inclusion criteria were @entity51 , magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings that conform to @entity2806 or @entity4798 , intrathecal synthesis of @entity12732 -specific antibodies, and non-atherosclerotic pathology of brain supplying arteries. Vasculitic changes were detected by digital subtraction angiography, MR angiography and/or transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Outcomes were measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and EuroQoL Index. @entity12513 is a rare complication of @entity3001 (0.3% of all cases in the endemic area). Ten out of 11 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity9144 -associated @entity12513 using clinical, radiological and immunological criteria developed @entity385 or @entity63 ( @entity63 ), 7 @entity1 had recurrent @entity64 . Vasculitic alterations could be demonstrated in 8 @entity1 that all except one developed @entity2806 . The median mRS was 3 (range 0-4) at admission and 2 (range 0-6) at discharge. The posterior circulation was affected in 8 of 11 @entity1 ; @entity715 of the basilar artery was detected in 2 @entity1 , one died in the acute stage. @entity9144 can cause recurrent @entity64 or @entity63 on the basis of @entity12513 . Lumbar puncture is needed for detection of this potentially life-threatening condition. Early recognition and adequate therapy would possibly improve outcome.

title: @entity9144 -associated XXXX : long-term outcome and health-related quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarction']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity9144 :: ('MESH:D020852', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroborreliosis', 'neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity12513 :: ('MESH:D020293', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral vasculitis', 'vasculitis cerebral vasculitis', 'cerebral vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['TIA', 'transient ischemic attacks']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complication of neuroborreliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sudden neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity12513 :: (MESH:D020293,Disease) :: ['cerebral vasculitis']


abstract: The aim was to expand recently published information regarding the significance of the interleukin (IL)-8/p- @entity4104 (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway in @entity816 , focusing on the @entity687 receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 ( @entity7416 ), and the @entity4104 inhibitor @entity5740 (suppressors of cytokine signaling). A total of 91 @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity816 tissues (grades II-IV) were investigated for the association of @entity5740 and @entity7416 expression with clinicopathologic and morphometric microvascular characteristics, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity687 and p- @entity4104 expression and @entity1 survival. Peripheral @entity687 secretion levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT). @entity5740 , p- @entity4104 and @entity7416 protein levels were also quantified by Western immunoblotting in six cases, and the protein levels of @entity5740 and @entity7416 were correlated with the immunohistochemical expression of the respective proteins. All @entity7416 -positive cases by Western immunoblotting displayed increased peripheral @entity687 secretion levels. Treatment of @entity463 cell cultures with exogenous @entity687 enhanced proliferation, and this effect was inhibited by treatment with a neutralizing anti- @entity7416 antibody. @entity5740 and @entity7416 were expressed by neoplastic astrocytes in 92.4% and 48.78% of cases, respectively, with their levels increasing with histological grade and extent of @entity39 . @entity7 expression and microvessel density, @entity7416 and @entity687 levels were interrelated. @entity5740 and p- @entity4104 were co-expressed in 85.7% of cases, although they were not interrelated. In univariate survival analysis, increased @entity5740 expression and the presence of @entity7416 adversely affected survival, whereas in multivariate analysis, only @entity7416 remained significant. The prognostic significance of @entity7416 was validated in an independent set of 63 @entity1 . Our data implicate @entity687 / @entity7416 signaling pathway in the progression and regulation of angiogenesis in @entity816 and provide a rationale for @entity7416 therapeutic exploitation in these @entity5 .

title: Expression of @entity5740 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['primary glioblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['astrocytic tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcome after the operative treatment of patella fractures (PFs) as compared with those of @entity924 . DESIGN: This pertains to a retrospective case control. SETTING: The setting was in academic teaching hospitals. @entity1 : Ninety-four @entity1 with 99 extensor mechanism disruptions were treated operatively. Of these, 50 (50%) were PFs; 36 (37%) were @entity397 ; and 13 (13%) were @entity397 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 were evaluated at 6 and 12 months and were tested for range of motion, quadriceps circumference and strength, SF36, Lysholm, and Tegner outcome scores by independent observers. Radiographs of the knee were obtained to assess @entity2721 , posttraumatic @entity625 , and @entity2736 . RESULTS: A minimum of 12-month follow-up (range 12-81 months) was available for 76 @entity1 (77%). PFs were seen more commonly in @entity1 (P < 0.001) and @entity397 tended to occur in younger males (P < 0.001), with no difference in the body mass index. Thigh circumference was significantly smaller than normal in PFs at 1 year as compared with @entity1796 . At latest follow-up, there were no significant differences noted with respect to knee range of motion, radiographic @entity625 , Tegner, Lysholm, or SF36 scores. CONCLUSIONS: There were no significant differences with regard to outcome in @entity1 sustaining these injuries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Outcomes after knee joint extensor mechanism disruptions: is it better to fracture the patella or XXXX the tendon?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps tendon and patella tendon (PT) ruptures']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['quadriceps ruptures', 'PT ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injuries']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony healing']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: @entity9433 is the first dual @entity669 kinase inhibitor of @entity1 @entity470 type 2 ( @entity1722 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ). The present study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of the combination of @entity9433 and @entity416 in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) who progressed after therapy with trastuzumab, a @entity3907 and/or @entity4349 . A total of 203 @entity1 with a median age of 48 years (range: 25-82 years) were evaluated retrospectively in 11 centres between September 2007 and May 2011. All the @entity1 had @entity1722 -positive @entity0 progressing after trastuzumab and chemotherapy including an @entity4349 and/or @entity3907 . All @entity1 were treated with the combination of @entity9433 (1250 mg/day, continuously) and @entity416 (2000 mg/m(2) on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle). Data on demographics, clinical outcome, and @entity137 were collected for descriptive analyses. The median follow-up was 10  7 months (range: 1-40 months). An overall response rate (ORR) of 33  4% was achieved including 7 complete responses (CR, 3  4%), 61 partial responses (PR, 30  0%), and 44 stable disease (37  9%). Clinical benefit rate of 71  3% was achieved. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 7 months (95% CI: 6-10 months), with a median overall survival (OS) of 15 months (95% CI: 12-18 months). The most common side effects were @entity8566 (46  8%), @entity390 (42  3%), @entity1295 (42  2%), @entity448 (38  5%), @entity294 (31  5%), and @entity1910 (29  6%). Grade 3-4 @entity137 were identified as @entity8566 (7  9%), @entity294 (6  9%), @entity1295 (5  9%), and @entity1910 (5  4%). There were no symptomatic @entity299 . @entity9433 and @entity416 combination therapy is effective and well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity0 who had progressive disease after trastuzumab, @entity3907 , and/or @entity4349 therapy, as evidenced by this retrospective evaluation. @entity137 was mild to moderate with low grade 3-4 @entity137 .

title: @entity9433 plus @entity416 for @entity1722 -positive advanced XXXX : a multicentre study of Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology (ASMO).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib', 'Lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['hand-foot syndrome', 'hand foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) in the demonstration of the morphology of @entity1700 ( @entity1700 ) in @entity1 . DESIGN OF THE STUDY: Prospective study of cases series between January 1989 and July 1992. SETTING: Referral-based Paediatric Cardiology Department of a Tertiary Care Center. @entity1 : Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 with @entity358 . METHODS: All pts had clinical and 2D-Echo investigation prior to cardiac catheterization. In all cases selective injections of 0.5 to 1 ml/kg undiluted hypo-osmolar contrast were performed in branch pulmonary arteries and high quality DSA images were recorded. Subtracted images were stored in video and cut films for detailed analysis. RESULTS: 16 pts had total @entity1700 : 11 to Superior Vena Cava ( @entity6480 ), 2 to Coronary Sinus and 3 to Inferior Vena Cava (IVC). Eight pts had partial @entity1700 : 3 to @entity6480 , 1 to Right Atrium, 3 to IVC (scimitar syndrome), and 1 pt had mixed PAVC. In 8 pts of the whole group, DSA contributed significantly to the final morphologic diagnosis and completed or corrected information obtained by 2D-Echo. In all 18 pts submitted to surgery, the DSA diagnosis was confirmed at operation. CONCLUSION: DSA is a very useful technique (and even more informative in video images) for anatomic evaluation of pts with @entity1700 and has clear indication when clinical and 2D-Echo findings are not typical.

title: [The @entity358 . A study of 24 XXXX by digital subtraction angiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['APVC', 'Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connexion']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous connection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combination drug therapy of @entity3377 leads to recovery of symptoms, shortening of symptomatic interval, and decrease in morbidity rate, but single drug therapy is associated with more relapse episodes and a higher rate of drug resistance. Different drug combinations have been evaluated in the treatment of @entity3377 . Considering the failure of treatment and relatively high rate of relapse of the disease with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended therapeutic regimen, we evaluated a new regimen that we assumed would increase the success of treatment and decrease the rate of relapse. In this study we compare the standard regimen of the WHO, @entity3403 - @entity1215 (DR), to triple therapy with @entity3403 - @entity1215 - @entity4509 (ADR). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity3377 , who attended Hamedan Sina Hospital between 1999 and 2001, whether seen as outpatients or as inpatients, were enrolled in the study. The @entity1 were randomly allocated to the DR group (receiving @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and @entity1215 10 mg/kg body weight/day every morning, both taken orally for eight weeks) or the ADR group (receiving @entity3403 100 mg twice a day and @entity1215 10 mg/kg body weight/day every morning, both taken orally for eight weeks, plus 7.5 mg/kg @entity4509 intramuscularly twice a day for seven days). The @entity1 were checked for the relief of symptoms, drug side-effects, and relapse of disease during the treatment and follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 228 @entity1 enrolled, eight were withdrawn - four @entity1 from the DR group and four from the ADR group. Of the remaining 220 @entity1 (110 in the ADR group and 110 in the DR group), 107 were male (48.6%) and 113 were female (51.4%). Mean age was 35.7+/-17 years in the ADR group and 37+/-18.4 years in the DR group (p=0.5). In the DR group, 97 (88.2%) and in the ADR group, 106 (96.4%) of the @entity1 had relief of symptoms (a significant difference by Chi-square test (p=0.04)). After completion of treatment, and at the sixth month follow-up, nine (9.3%) @entity1 in the DR group and six (5.7%) in the ADR group experienced a relapse of the disease, with no significant difference (p=0.4). Mild side-effects were found in only 10 @entity1 , and none required discontinuation of the therapeutic regimen. Of these @entity1 , four were from DR group and six from ADR group; no significant difference was observed (p=0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Given the fact that the ADR regimen had a higher efficacy and more rapid action in terms of relief of symptoms compared to the DR regimen, and that no significant difference in drug side-effects and disease relapse existed in the @entity1 of either group, adding @entity4509 to the DR standard treatment regimen seems beneficial.

title: Comparison between @entity3403 - @entity1215 - @entity4509 and XXXX - @entity1215 regimens in the treatment of @entity3377 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampin']

answer: @entity3403 :: (MESH:D004318,Chemical) :: ['doxycycline']


abstract: To determine the natural history of @entity613 , 110 @entity1 were followed up for a mean period of 24.4 +/- 1.2 months. Four @entity1 died during the follow-up. Of the survivors, 24 experienced a nonfatal cardiovascular event, @entity583 being the most frequent. Cumulative @entity65 was 29% at 3 years. Cox proportional-hazards analysis showed initial ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) as a significant predictor for nonfatal @entity65 (p<0.002). With an initial ABPI >0.70, @entity65 rate was 12% compared with 33% for those with initial ABPI ranging from 0.70 to 0.50, and 60% for those with ABPI <0.50 (p<0.005). @entity63 occurred in only four @entity1 , amputation was required in two, and arterial reconstruction in five. Of the 85 @entity1 who participated in the treadmill test, maximum walking capacity worsened in 26% and improved in 27%. This study elucidates the neglected area of @entity65 in @entity613 . It has shown that ABPI identifies a subgroup of @entity1 for whom the risk of @entity65 is especially pronounced. On the other hand, based on objective evaluation of the @entity1 status, the relatively benign prognosis for the claudicant limb has been confirmed.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events', 'cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity613 :: (MESH:D007383,Disease) :: ['Intermittent claudication']


abstract: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used as a diagnostic tool in clinical laboratories and is particularly effective for detecting and identifying infectious agents for which routine culture and microscopy methods are inadequate. @entity364 ( @entity364 ) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed @entity1 , and optimal diagnostic criteria are contentious. Although PCR-based methods have long been used for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), variable performance in clinical practice has limited their value. This shortcoming is a consequence of differing sample selection, collection and preparation protocols coupled with a lack of standardisation of the PCR itself. Furthermore, it has become clear that the performance of PCR-based assays in general is compromised by the inadequacy of experimental controls, insufficient optimisation of assay performance as well as lack of transparency in reporting experimental details. The recently published "Minimum Information for the publication of real-time Quantitative PCR Experiments" (MIQE) guidelines provide a blueprint for good PCR assay design and unambiguous reporting of experimental detail and results. We report the first real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting @entity54 species that has been designed, optimised and validated in strict compliance with the MIQE guidelines. The hydrolysis probe-based assay, designed to target the 18S rRNA DNA sequence of @entity54 species, has an efficiency of 100% (range 95-107%), a dynamic range of at least six orders of magnitude and limits of quantification and detection of 6 and 0.6 @entity54 genomes, respectively. It does not amplify Candida, Scedosporium, Fusarium or Rhizopus species and its clinical sensitivity is demonstrated in histological material from proven @entity3 cases, as well as concordant PCR and galactomannan data in matched broncho-alveolar lavage and blood samples. The robustness, specificity and sensitivity of this assay make it an ideal molecular diagnostic tool for clinical use.

title: A MIQE-compliant real-time PCR assay for XXXX detection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive fungal disease', 'IFD']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus']


abstract: @entity944 is an important cause of mortality in @entity1121 . Several mechanisms have been proposed, but ambulatory monitoring of the event has rarely occurred. The case of an adolescent @entity1 with congenital @entity1121 and @entity8482 multiplex @entity17631 is presented. Despite appropriate therapy and severe activity limitation, the @entity1 's condition progressively worsened. The @entity1 died suddenly in her sleep, one month after a @entity296 for @entity475 . The fortuitous ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring of the event recorded polymorphic @entity1165 degrading into @entity2224 . Retrospective review of previous ambulatory ECG revealed the presence of nonsustained @entity1165 , a predictive determinant for @entity944 , and @entity1817 . However, the @entity1 had never reported symptoms during the @entity943 . The pathological specimen showed an unexpected old apical @entity1188 , suggesting that her preoperative @entity299 was worse than suspected. In summary, the mechanism of @entity944 in this @entity1 was revealed by ambulatory ECG monitoring, and the involvement of neural and myocardial factors are proposed.

title: Ambulatory monitoring of the @entity944 of an adolescent with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial myomectomy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity8482 :: ('MESH:D001176', 'Disease') :: ['arthrogryposis']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction scar']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac status']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The taiep @entity35 is a myelin mutant with an initial @entity17 , followed by a progressive @entity17 of the CNS. The neurological correlates start with @entity400 , followed by @entity2055 , immobility episodes, @entity302 and @entity912 . The optic nerve, an easily-isolable central tract fully myelinated by oligodendrocytes, is a suitable preparation to evaluate the developmental impairment of central myelin. We examined the ontogenic development of optic nerve compound action potentials (CAP) throughout the first 6 months of life of control and taiep @entity35 . Control optic nerves (ON) develop CAPs characterized by three waves. Along the first month, the CAPs of taiep @entity35 showed a delayed maturation, with lower amplitudes and longer latencies than controls; at P30, the conduction velocity has only a third of the normal value. Later, as @entity17 proceeds, the conduction velocity of taiep ONs begins to decrease and CAPs undergo a gradual temporal dispersion. CAPs of control and taiep showed differences in their pharmacological sensitivity to @entity1041 and 4-AP, two voltage dependent K+ channel-blockers. As compared with @entity1041 , 4-AP induced a significant increase of the amplitudes and a remarkable broadening of CAPs. After @entity10276 , unlike controls, the greater sensitivity to 4-AP exhibited by taiep ONs correlates with the detachment and retraction of paranodal loops suggesting that @entity972 conductances could regulate the excitability as @entity17 progresses. It is concluded that the taiep @entity35 , a long-lived mutant, provides a useful model to study the consequences of partial @entity17 and the mechanisms by which glial cells regulate the molecular organization and excitability of axonal membranes during development and disease.

title: Developmental impairment of compound action potential in the optic nerve of myelin mutant taiep XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination of CNS axons', 'demyelination', 'hypomyelination']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to identify the @entity74 in a Turkish family with @entity6391 , @entity4355 , and @entity1781 drusen. METHODS: Ophthalmological examinations consisted of measuring the best-corrected visual acuity and the @entity2516 , electroretinography, optical coherence tomography, B-mode ultrasonography, and fundus photography. The involvement of the @entity23959 ( @entity23959 ) gene in this family was studied with direct DNA sequencing of the coding exons of @entity23959 and with linkage analysis with microsatellite markers. After @entity23959 was excluded, genome-wide homozygosity mapping was performed with 250  K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays. Mutation analysis of the @entity26751 ( @entity26751 ) gene was performed with direct sequencing. RESULTS: Ophthalmological evaluation of both affected individuals in the family revealed a decreased axial length (18-19 mm), @entity1105 , @entity1103 , and @entity3467 of >+8.0 diopters. Sequencing of @entity23959 did not reveal any pathogenic changes, and microsatellite marker analysis showed that the chromosomal region did not segregate within the disease in this family. Genome-wide homozygosity mapping using single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays revealed a 28-Mb homozygous region encompassing the @entity26751 gene, and direct sequencing disclosed a novel homozygous missense mutation ( @entity46529 ) in @entity26751 . CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies associated mutations in the @entity23959 gene with the @entity46530 -foveoschisis- @entity1781 drusen. In this study, we demonstrated that a similar disease complex can be caused by mutations in the @entity26751 gene.

title: A novel XXXX mutation in a family with @entity6391 , @entity4355 , and @entity1781 drusen.

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity46530 :: ('MESH:C537612', 'Disease') :: ['syndrome nanophthalmos-retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity46529 :: ('p|SUB|G|833|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly833Asp']

entities_list: @entity23959 :: ('83552', 'Gene') :: ['membrane frizzled-related protein', 'MFRP']

entities_list: @entity4355 :: ('MESH:C563983', 'Disease') :: ['nanophthalmos']

answer: @entity26751 :: (23418,Gene) :: ['crumbs homolog 1']


abstract: Objective: To investigate the association and parental transmission of @entity8087 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with risk of @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity7031 ). Design: Four @entity8087 SNPs in 142 Korean @entity7031 families (nine cleft lip, 26 @entity3384 ; 76 trios and 66 dyads) were genotyped. The minor allele frequency, heterozygosity, and chi-square test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at each SNP were computed between parents. Pairwise linkage disequilibrium was computed as D' and r(2) for all SNPs. Both allelic and genotypic transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) were performed for individual SNPs using a family-based association test program. Sliding windows of haplotypes consisting of two to four SNPs were tested using a haplotype-based association test program. Genotypic odds ratios (GORs) were calculated from conditional logistic regression models. Parent-of-origin effects were assessed using transmission asymmetry test and parent-of-origin likelihood ratio test. Results: The family-based TDT showed significant evidence of linkage and association at @entity46730 (P = .001). In the haplotype analysis, two, three, and four haplotypes containing @entity46730 revealed significant associations (P = .0017, P = .0022, and P = .0020, respectively). The genotypes A/T and T/T at @entity46730 were significantly associated with @entity7031 compared with the genotype A/A (GOR = 2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39-5.45, P =0.0019 in the dominant model; GOR = 5.38, 95% CI = 1.34-21.68, P = .0046 in the additive model). However, no parent-of origin effect was observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest possible involvement of @entity8087 - @entity46731 in the etiology of @entity7031 in Korean cleft-parent trios without excess parental transmission.

title: Investigation of Parental Transmission of @entity8087 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Its Association With XXXX With or Without Palate.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip and alveolus, and 107 cleft lip and palate', 'nonsyndromic cleft lip']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip']


abstract: @entity551 is a frequent disorder, occurring in approximately 40% of nursing-home residents, and represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Current approaches to management are suboptimal. While it has been generally assumed that ingestion of @entity1735 has the greatest effect, the fall in blood pressure (BP) does not appear to be mediated by the consequent elevations in blood @entity413 and insulin. Moreover, there is evidence that fat may decrease BP to a comparable extent to @entity1735 , although onset of the response may be slower, and that the response is affected by the @entity164 of @entity1735 . It has recently been established that the rate of nutrient delivery from the stomach into the small intestine is an important determinant of the @entity551 response to @entity1735 , so that the magnitude of the fall in BP and rise in heart rate is greater when gastric emptying is relatively more rapid. In both healthy elderly subjects and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , the fall in BP is attenuated when gastric emptying and small intestinal @entity1735 absorption are slowed by dietary (e.g. guar) or pharmacological (e.g. @entity11669 ) means. Conversely, gastric distension attenuates the postprandial fall in BP. Strategies for the treatment of postprandial @entity551 should, therefore, potentially be directed at (i) meal composition, particularly @entity1735 @entity164 and content, (ii) slowing gastric emptying and/or small intestinal @entity1735 absorption and/or (iii) @entity356 .

title: XXXX - novel insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['increasing postprandial gastric distension']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Postprandial hypotension', 'hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Postprandial hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to examine a large nationwide (United States) sample of @entity2613 visits to determine data related to utilization and costs of care for @entity1791 in this setting. METHODS: NEDS was analyzed from 2006-2009. All @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 with a diagnosis of upper tract @entity1791 were analyzed. Admission rates and total cost were compared by region, hospital type, and payer type. Numbers are weighted estimates designed to approximate the total national rate. RESULTS: An average of 1.2 million @entity1 per year were identified with the diagnosis of @entity1791 out of 120 million visits to the @entity2613 annually. Overall average rate of admission was 19.21%. Admission rates were highest in the Northeast (24.88%), among teaching hospitals (22.27%), and among Medicare @entity1 (42.04%). The lowest admission rates were noted for self-pay @entity1 (9.76%) and non-metropolitan hospitals (13.49%). The smallest increases in costs over time were noted in the Northeast. Total costs were least in non-metropolitan hospitals, however, more @entity1 were transferred to other hospitals. When assessing hospital ownership status, private for profit hospitals had similar admission rates compared to private not-for profit hospitals (16.6% versus 15.9%), however costs were 64% and 48% higher for @entity2613 and inpatient admission costs respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Presentation of @entity1791 to the @entity2613 is common, and is associated with significant costs to the medical system which are increasing over time. Costs and rates of admission differ by region, payer type, and hospital types, which may allow us to identify causes for cost discrepancies and areas to improve efficiency of care delivery.

title: Admission rates and costs associated with emergency presentation of XXXX : Analysis of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) 2006-2009.

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urolithiasis']


abstract: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) is the fifth most common @entity5 in the world and the third cause of @entity5 . Despite therapeutic advances, the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity157 has not significantly improved in the last two decades. In the majority of the cases there is underlying @entity82 , so the prognosis of @entity157 depends on not only @entity5 stage but also liver function. There is not a widely accepted @entity157 staging system. In our group we have developed a new staging classification that stratifies @entity157 @entity1 into four major categories and simultaneously links staging with treatment. @entity1 at an early stage are those who present with an asymptomatic single @entity157 with a maximum diameter of 5cm or up to three nodules each less than 3cm. They will benefit from curative therapies, including resection, liver transplantation (LT), and percutaneous ablation. @entity1 exceeding these limits, but who are free of @entity5 and vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread fit into the intermediate stage and may benefit from palliation with chemoembolization. The @entity1 with mild @entity5 and/or vascular invasion or extrahepatic spread are included in the advanced stage. In this stage there is not effective therapy, and these @entity1 may profit from new therapies in the setting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Finally, the @entity1 with severe @entity5 or great @entity5 burden belong to the terminal stage and only benefit from symptomatic treatment.

title: Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'cancer', 'cancer-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: An attempt was made to examine the efficiency of the @entity1420 test and uterus sonography for ten-years period. The @entity1420 test was used for 621 @entity1 , most of them from the University Obstetrics and Gynaecological Hospital in the town of Varna. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology as well as at the National Oncological Centre, Gynaecological Clinic--Sofia during the last few years. There have been found out deep knowledge in epidemiology, etiology and the present possibilities for early diagnostics of the @entity1204 . All @entity1 of a total number of 621 were in the postmenopausal period and received @entity1420 as one-time medical administration. In 44 @entity1 @entity548 occurred, and 31 of them agreed to undergo abrasio probatoria. 354 out of these 621 @entity1 were examined by ultrasound B-picture after about 6 months to 1 year. 31 cases needed to be cleared-out additionally. The abrasio probatoria done later showed full correspondence to the ultrasound images with the exception of 6 cases. In 15 cases was found @entity1127 endometrial, in 9 cases-- @entity1373 , in one case-- @entity189 in situ and in 6 cases--early @entity1204 .

title: [The early detection and screening of @entity1204 by the XXXX test and uterine sonography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['atypical glandular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']