abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for using high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and @entity972 in @entity460 -channel blocker (CCB) @entity1445 . DATA SOURCES: Evidence of efficacy for high-dose insulin therapy with supplemental dextrose and @entity972 was sought by performing a search of MEDLINE and Toxline between 1966 and July 2004 using combinations of the terms @entity460 -channel blocker, @entity1445 , @entity4968 , antidote, and insulin. Abstracts from the North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology for the years 1996-2003 were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Identified articles, including animal studies, case reports, and case series, were evaluated for this review. No clinical trials were available. DATA SYNTHESIS: Animal models of CCB @entity1445 demonstrate that high-dose insulin with supplemental @entity413 and @entity972 was a more effective therapy than @entity460 , glucagon, or @entity2661 . High-dose insulin appears to enhance cardiac @entity1735 metabolism and has direct inotropic effects. Published clinical experience is limited to 13 case reports where insulin was used after other therapies were failing; 12 of these @entity1 survived. High-dose insulin therapy was beneficial for CCB-induced @entity551 , @entity4854 , and @entity520 . @entity1168 and @entity616 resolved in some @entity1 , but persisted in others. CONCLUSIONS: Based on animal data and limited @entity1 experience, as well as the inadequacies of available alternatives for @entity1 with significant @entity4968 , high-dose insulin therapy warrants further study and judicious use in @entity1 with life-threatening CCB @entity4968 .

title: High-dose insulin therapy for XXXX -channel blocker @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequencies of combining loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 1p/19q in @entity11 of different pathologies and analyze the clinical factors correlated with combining LOH by logistic regression. METHODS: Tumor samples from 127 @entity11 @entity1 were collected. The status of 1p and 19q was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the frequencies of combining 1p/19q LOH in @entity11 of different pathologies were analyzed. RESULTS: The frequencies of combining 1p/19q LOH in astrocytic, oligoastrocytic and @entity5 were 19.30%, 50.00% and 80.77% respectively. The frequencies of combining 1p/19q LOH in oligoastrocytic and @entity5 were higher than those in @entity5 (P < 0.01) and the frequencies of combining 1p/19q LOH in @entity5 was higher than those in @entity5 (P < 0.05). The frequencies of 1p/19q LOH in astrocytic, oligoastrocytic and @entity5 were 12.28%, 11.36 and 0 respectively. There was no significant correlation between combining 1p/19q LOH and age, gender and grade by logistic regression. CONCLUSION: In @entity11 , combining 1p/19q LOH is proved to be the most common pattern of chromosome deletion involving 1p or 19q. It is significantly correlated with @entity2483 . Combining 1p/19q LOH may be valuable in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction for @entity11 with @entity2483 .

title: [The correlation between combining 1p/19q LOH and pathology in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial component']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglial tumors', 'oligoastrocytic tumors', 'astrocytic tumors']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: The birth dates of neurons showing @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD) immunoreactivity have been determined in @entity19 somatosensory cortex. Pregnant C57Bl @entity19 received pulse injections of @entity665 from E10 through @entity5355 (E0 being the day of mating). The distributions of @entity1014 -labeled, GAD-positive and nonimmunoreactive (non-GAD) cells as a function of depth under the pial surface were recorded in adult animals. The maximum rate of generation of GAD-positive neurons occurred at @entity9072 , whereas the generation of non-GAD neurons reached its maximum rate at @entity9073 . Except for those in layer I, GAD-positive neurons followed an inside-out sequence of positioning. GAD-positive neurons born at E12 and @entity9073 were located in layers VI-IV. GAD-positive neurons born at @entity9072 were found throughout the cortical thickness, with a maximum in layer IV. The GAD-positive neurons labeled after pulses at @entity9074 or E16 or @entity5355 were limited to the superficial strata, forming a band that became narrower as it moved toward the pial surface with increase in age of pulse labeling. GAD-positive neurons in layer I were generated at a constant rate during the whole embryonic period analyzed. @entity528 also followed an inside-out spatiotemporal gradient. Two partially overlapping phases were distinguished in non-GAD neurogenesis. During the first phase (from E12 to @entity9072 ) neurons populating adult layers VI and V originated, while neurons located in layers IV through I were generated during the second phase (from @entity9073 to @entity5355 ). Since GAD-immunoreactive neurons form a heterogeneous population, we envisage further studies in order to test whether differences exist in birth dates among the classes.

title: Times of generation of @entity367 decarboxylase immunoreactive neurons in XXXX somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3H)thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Non-GAD neurons']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings of an unusual case of @entity43 associated with @entity4348 and mucinous @entity9296 are reported. The @entity5 was detected in a 51-year-old postmenopausal @entity1 who presented with @entity4 and a pelvic mass. The @entity1 underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy. The @entity5 was confined to the right ovary and measured 16.0 cm in greatest dimension. Microscopic examination revealed that the @entity5 had a yolk sac component associated with an @entity4348 , grade I, and a @entity8940 . A background of atypical @entity46 was noted. Immunoperoxidase studies showed that the yolk sac component stained diffusely with a cytokeratin cocktail and was focally positive for @entity160 . It was negative for @entity5822 . In contrast, the @entity4348 stained positive for @entity5822 in addition to the cytokeratin cocktail, but was negative for @entity160 . After surgery, the @entity1 received three cycles of chemotherapy. However, the disease progressed and the @entity1 died 10 months after the diagnosis of the @entity43 .

title: @entity43 associated with XXXX and mucinous @entity9296 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian yolk sac tumor', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal swelling']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity8940 :: ('MESH:D018291', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']


abstract: This paper deals with results obtained from the cefotetan (CTT, Yamatetan) study group of department of obstetrics and gynecology in Yamagata prefecture. Efficacy of CTT, a new @entity12277 antibiotic, was studied in 50 cases (39 cases of prophylactic use for @entity86 and 11 cases of several different @entity281 ). CTT was administered to each of the @entity1 at a daily dose of 2 grams. No other drugs such as antimicrobial agents, @entity230 and antiinflammatory drugs which might affect the efficacy of CTT were permitted during the study except for the drug therapy or surgical procedures required for treating underlying diseases. Fever index, one of the examination items to assess the prophylactic effect for @entity86 as well as daily changes in maximum body temperature, was examined in the prophylactic group. Daily changes in febrile pattern were examined in the infection group. The fever index were 3.4 +/- 4.0 degree hours in cases subjected to cesarean sections in the prophylactic group, 3.7 +/- 3.0 degree hours in cases subjected to gynecological operations in the prophylactic group and 4.5 +/- 5.5 degree hours in the infection group. The clinical efficacy rate in the 11 cases of the infection group was 100%; excellent in 3 cases and good in 8 cases. Bacteriological examination was conducted in 3 of the 11 cases and bacteria were eliminated in all 3 cases. The overall clinical efficacy rate was also 100%; excellent in 5 cases and good in 6 cases. No abnormal laboratory findings nor side effects were observed in any of the cases.

title: [Prophylactic and therapeutic use of cefotetan, a cephem antibiotic, for XXXX in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity12277 :: ('CHEBI:55429', 'Chemical') :: ['cephamycin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity483 ( @entity483 ) is characterized by local and systemic T(H)2 responses to cutaneously introduced allergens and is a risk factor for @entity565 . Blockade of T(H)2 cytokines has been suggested as therapy for @entity483 . OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the effect of the absence of @entity58 and @entity1312 on the T(H)17 response to epicutaneous sensitization in a @entity19 model of @entity32 with features of @entity483 . METHODS: Wild-type, @entity58 knockout (KO), IL13 KO and @entity58 /13 double KO (DKO) @entity19 were subjected to epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline and airway challenged with OVA. Systemic immune responses to OVA, skin and airway @entity32 , and airway hyperresponsiveness were examined. RESULTS: OVA-sensitized DKO @entity19 exhibited @entity73 (H)2-driven responses with undetectable OVA-specific IgE levels and severely diminished eosinophil infiltration at sensitized skin sites but intact dermal infiltration with CD4(+) cells. DKO @entity19 mounted exaggerated @entity636 but normal @entity60 and @entity59 systemic responses. Airway challenge of these @entity19 with OVA caused marked upregulation of @entity636 mRNA expression in the lungs, increased neutrophilia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway @entity32 characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration with no detectable eosinophils, and @entity2488 to @entity2710 that were reversed by @entity636 blockade. @entity58 , but not @entity1312 , was identified as the major T(H)2 cytokine that downregulates the @entity636 response in epicutaneously sensitized @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Epicutaneous sensitization in the absence of @entity58 / @entity1312 induces an exaggerated T(H)17 response systemically and in lungs after antigen challenge that results in airway @entity32 and airway hyperresponsiveness.

title: Exaggerated @entity636 response to epicutaneous sensitization mediates airway @entity32 in the absence of XXXX and @entity1312 .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic skin inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired T']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity58 :: (16189(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum @entity175 (CT) is a well-accepted marker of C-cell proliferation, particularly in @entity259 . Chronic @entity5445 ( @entity8142 agonist administration in rodents has been associated with increased serum CT levels and C-cell @entity5 formation. There are no longitudinal studies measuring CT in @entity1 without @entity259 or a family history of @entity259 and no published studies on the effect of @entity8142 agonists on human serum CT concentrations. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine serum CT response over time to the @entity8142 agonist liraglutide in subjects with @entity6 or @entity28 subjects. METHODS: Unstimulated serum CT concentrations were measured at 3-month intervals for no more than 2 yr in a series of trials in over 5000 subjects receiving liraglutide or control therapy. RESULTS: Basal mean CT concentrations were at the low end of normal range in all treatment groups and remained low throughout the trials. At 2 yr, estimated geometric mean values were no greater than 1.0 ng/liter, well below upper normal ranges for males and females. Proportions of subjects whose CT levels increased above a clinically relevant cutoff of 20 ng/liter were very low in all groups. There was no consistent dose or time-dependent relationship and no consistent difference between treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support an effect of @entity8142 activation on serum CT levels in @entity1 and suggest that findings previously reported in rodents may not apply to @entity1 . However, the long-term consequences of @entity8142 agonist treatment are a subject of further studies.

title: @entity5445 and @entity175 concentration in @entity1 : lack of evidence of @entity175 release from sequential screening in over 5000 subjects with type 2 XXXX or @entity28 subjects treated with the @entity1 @entity5445 analog, liraglutide.

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic obese']

entities_list: @entity8142 :: ('2740', 'Gene') :: ['GLP-1 receptor', 'GLP-1) receptor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The main aim of our study was the investigation of @entity1319 prior to @entity5990 formation in vivo in @entity840 fed a lithogenic diet. In a first experiment @entity840 were fed a lithogenic diet for 5, 15, 30 and 45 days. @entity5990 (pigment calculi) appeared after 30 days diet application. The in vitro contractility after lithogenic diet remained unchanged. In a second experimental part the in vivo gallbladder contractility was measured in two experimental animal groups (control group and 21 days lithogenic fed @entity840 ). The isovolumetric pressure rise inside the gallbladder following the intravenous injection of 10(-9) mol/kg body weight ceruletid was the essential contractility parameter (intraluminal basal pressure 5 mm hg). Due to lithogenic feeding of 21 days--that means prior to @entity5990 formation--the isovolumetric pressure rise was significantly elevated (p < 0.01). Moreover we observed passive distensibility changes of gallbladder muscle due to muscular @entity1373 . The main result of this investigation is the fact that gallbladder muscle in @entity840 fed a lithogenic diet response to ceruletid application with hypercontractility prior to provable pigment @entity5990 formation. However @entity1085 --believed to be a causal factor in cholelithogenesis--was not observed in our experimental conditions.

title: [Gallbladder contractility in early stages of lithogenesis in the lithogenic fed XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder hypomotility']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone', 'First gallstones']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder motility']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: A 6-month, twice-a-week exercise program emphasizing swimming was conducted for 11 @entity1 (57-73 years) and 24 @entity1 (51-68 years). The control group comprised 11 male (59-70 years) and 11 female (53-70) volunteers. The exercise program significantly improved the systolic and diastolic blood pressure ( @entity13519 / @entity13520 ) and lipid and @entity413 metabolism, with no change in the controls. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), as an index of systemic arterial stiffness, was measured during medical examinations before and after each exercise session using a volume-plethysmographic apparatus. @entity13519 and @entity13520 of the extremities were significantly decreased after exercise, but did not change in the controls. Average baPWV decreased significantly in the exercise group, from 1661  50 to 1581  40   cm per sec. No change was seen in the controls. The sway path of the center of balance was analyzed using a force plate. The length of postural sway, the length of postural sway per sec and the area of postural sway were measured with eyes open and eyes closed, and the rectangular area was calculated. The eyes open/eyes closed ratio (Romberg sign) was also calculated. All parameters of body sway were significantly lower after 6 months in the exercise group, with no change in the controls. The Romberg sign did not change for either group. In addition to promoting better health, as shown by the clinical data, this type of exercise program improves balance function, which could help prevent falls of the elderly.

title: A long-term, comprehensive exercise program that incorporates a variety of physical activities improved the blood pressure, lipid and XXXX metabolism, arterial stiffness, and balance of middle-aged and elderly Japanese.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the impact of @entity49 on risk of first childhood @entity64 through a meta-analysis of published observational studies. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic search of electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library) for studies published from 1970 to 2009 was conducted. Data on year of publication, study design, country of origin, number of @entity1 /control subjects, ethnicity, @entity64 type (arterial @entity385 [ @entity465 ], @entity50 [ @entity50 ]) were abstracted. Publication bias indicator and heterogeneity across studies were evaluated, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with fixed-effects or random-effects models. Twenty-two of 185 references met inclusion criteria. Thus, 1764 @entity1 (arterial @entity385 [ @entity465 ], 1526; @entity50 [ @entity50 ], 238) and 2799 control subjects (neonate to 18 years of age) were enrolled. No significant heterogeneity was discerned across studies, and no publication bias was detected. A statistically significant association with first @entity64 was demonstrated for each @entity49 trait evaluated, with no difference found between @entity465 and @entity50 . Summary ORs (fixed-effects model) were as follows: @entity5582 deficiency, 7.06 (95% CI, 2.44 to 22.42); @entity7131 , 8.76 (95% CI, 4.53 to 16.96); @entity4889 , 3.20 (95% CI, 1.22 to 8.40), factor V @entity21801 , 3.26 (95% CI, 2.59 to 4.10); factor II @entity14553 , 2.43 (95% CI, 1.67 to 3.51); @entity9769 @entity9770 ( @entity465 ), 1.58 (95% CI, 1.20 to 2.08); antiphospholipid @entity465 ( @entity465 ), 6.95 (95% CI, 3.67 to 13.14); elevated lipoprotein(a), 6.27 (95% CI, 4.52 to 8.69), and combined @entity49 , 11.86 (95% CI, 5.93 to 23.73). In the 6 exclusively perinatal @entity465 studies, summary ORs were as follows: factor V, 3.56 (95% CI, 2.29 to 5.53); and factor II, 2.02 (95% CI, 1.02 to 3.99). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis indicates that @entity49 serve as risk factors for incident @entity64 . However, the impact of @entity49 on outcome and recurrence risk needs to be further investigated.

title: Impact of @entity49 on risk of arterial @entity385 or cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in neonates and XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['protein S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilias', 'thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'antibodies']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous sinus thrombosis', 'CSVT', 'cerebral sinus venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristic findings of @entity788 ( @entity788 ) to increase the recognition of @entity788 . METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2008, a total of 14 cases of @entity788 were reviewed by clinical, imaging, serologic, histopathologic features and treatment response. There were 13 male and 1 female, with a mean age of 53 years. The main clinical manifestations included @entity3883 in 11 cases, upper @entity158 in 3 cases. RESULTS: Diffuse enlargement of pancreas and diffuse narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) were observed in 11 cases, while 3 @entity1 showed localized pancreatic @entity135 and focal narrowing of the MPD. Distal common @entity1157 was found in all cases. Increased expression of serum immunoglobulin G was found in 7 @entity1 . Autoantibody test was positive in 5 of 12 @entity1 . Nine of 14 @entity1 with @entity788 had extrapancreatic organ involvement. Massive lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration in pancreatic tissues were showed on pathology, as well as parenchymal @entity82 . Seven earlier @entity1 were treated initially with surgical laparotomy or resection for suspected @entity5 . @entity134 therapy was given to the other @entity1 and was responsive. There were 4 recurrences after initial treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity788 should be a differential diagnosis in pancreatic head mass in order to avoid unnecessary resection.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX : a single center study of 14 consecutive cases].

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['progressive obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head enlargement']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['abdomen pain']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['autoimmune pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity198 plays a central role in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). @entity15626 ( @entity9104 ), the main ingredient of an oral formulation of @entity15627 with proven therapeutic efficacy in @entity1569 , has recently been found to ameliorate the course of relapsing-remitting @entity15 . Glial cells are the effector cells of neuroinflammation; however, little is known of the effect of @entity9104 on microglia and astrocytes. The purpose of this study was to use an established in vitro model of @entity198 to determine if @entity9104 modulates the release of neurotoxic molecules from microglia and astrocytes, thus inhibiting @entity32 . METHODS: Primary microglial and astrocytic cell cultures were prepared from cerebral cortices of neonatal @entity35 . The control cells were treated with @entity558 , an accepted inducer of pro-inflammatory properties in glial cells, and the experimental groups with @entity558 and @entity9104 in different concentrations. After stimulation/incubation, the generation of @entity842 (NO) in the cell culture supernatants was determined by measuring @entity3542 accumulation in the medium using Griess reagent. After 6 hours of treatment RT-PCR was used to determine transcription levels of @entity3623 , @entity1356 , @entity650 and @entity310 mRNA in microglial and astrocytic cell cultures initially treated with @entity9104 , followed after 30 min by @entity558 treatment. Moreover, we investigated possible involvement of the @entity3963 and @entity13791 transduction pathway in microglia using western blot analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity9104 decreased synthesis of the proinflammatory mediators @entity3623 , @entity310 , @entity1356 and @entity650 at the RNA level in activated microglia and astrocytes in vitro, associated with a decrease in @entity3963 phosphorylation in microglia. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results suggest that the neuroprotective effects of @entity9104 may be in part functionally attributable to the compound's ability to inhibit expression of multiple neuroinflammatory mediators in brain of @entity15 @entity1 .

title: @entity15626 inhibits microglial and astrocytic inflammation by suppressing the synthesis of @entity842 , XXXX , @entity310 and @entity650 in an in-vitro model of @entity198 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['glial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['brain inflammation', 'Brain inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity15626 :: ('MESH:C056020', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethylfumarate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['fumaric acid esters']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1beta']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: According to experimental findings, @entity1288 (OX) could have some advantages over @entity1286 (MO) in clinical models of @entity3825 . It was hypothesized that OX could have some advantages over MO in terms of efficacy and dose escalation in @entity788 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity788 with a @entity158 intensity rating of 4/10 who required opioids were included in the study. @entity1 were randomized to receive 30 mg/d of sustained release oral MO or sustained release oral OX (20 mg/d). Opioid doses were increased according to the clinical needs. Daily doses of opioids, @entity158 and symptom intensity were recorded at admission (T0) and at weekly intervals for the subsequent 4 weeks (T1, T2, T3, and T4), with an extension at 8 weeks (T8). Opioid escalation index (OEI) as percentage (OEI %) and in mg (OEI mg) was calculated. RESULTS: Nineteen and 20 @entity1 in groups OX and MO, respectively, were followed for the entire period of study (T4). No differences between groups were found in age (P=0.400), Karnofsky (P=0.667), or escalation indexes at T4 and T8 (OEImg, P=0.945 and OEI %, P=0.295). No statistical differences in @entity158 and symptoms intensity between the groups were observed. CONCLUSION: OX and MO provided similar analgesia and adverse effects with similar escalating doses in @entity1 with @entity788 , resembling observations reported in the general @entity5 population. The experimental hypothesis that OX would be superior to MO in the clinical model of @entity788 was not confirmed.

title: XXXX versus @entity1288 in @entity788 : a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer pain', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: This paper reports the isolation and some properties of @entity14890 oxidase from @entity14891 venom. The differences between @entity14890 oxidase from @entity14891 and that from other sources in specific activity, properties and the spectrum of isozymes are noticeable. The result of electrophoresis on @entity2975 gel shows that this purified enzyme is homogenous. The molecular weight determined by gradient @entity2975 gel slab (4--30%) is around 15 X 10(4) dalton. The molecular weight of the subunit determined by @entity214 gradient gel electrophoresis (4--30%) is around 7.3 X 10(4) dalton. Therefore, this enzyme is composed of two subunits. The absorption spectrum reveals that there are two FADs in each molecule. The optimum pH of enzymic reaction is around 8.7--9.0 when @entity4307 is used as substrate. The inhibition of the products is noticeable when substrate concentration goes beyond 3mM. This enzyme is heat stable and its activity would not decrease obviously after heating at 55 degrees C for 40 min. A linear relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate was noticed when enzyme concentration was below 5.7 micrograms/ml.

title: Isolation and properties of XXXX oxidase from @entity14891 venom.

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity14891 :: ('8665', 'Species') :: ['Ophiophagus hannah']

answer: @entity14890 :: (CHEBI:15705,Chemical) :: ['L-amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined @entity146 sequelae of @entity131 in outpatients and their relation to functional disability. METHOD: Fifty consecutive outpatients with @entity131 who came to a @entity1545 rehabilitation clinic for initial evaluation were examined for DSM-III-R diagnoses with the use of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. The @entity1 completed the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey to assess functional disability and a questionnaire to assess postconcussion symptoms and self-perceptions of the severity of their @entity1545 and cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Thirteen (26%) of the @entity1 had current @entity308 , and an additional 14 (28%) reported a first-onset major @entity308 after the injury that had resolved. Twelve (24%) had current generalized @entity148 , and four (8%) reported current @entity734 . The group with @entity308 and/or @entity148 was significantly more impaired than the nondepressed/nonanxious @entity1 according to the Medical Outcomes Study Health Survey measures of emotional role functioning, mental health, and general health perceptions. The @entity308 /anxious group also rated their injuries as significantly more severe and their cognitive functioning as significantly worse, despite the lack of significant differences in objective measures of severity of injury and Mini-Mental State examination scores. The @entity308 @entity1 reported significantly more postconcussion symptoms that were increasing in severity over time. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 and @entity148 are common in outpatients with @entity131 . @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity148 are more functionally disabled and perceive their @entity73 as more severe. @entity308 @entity1 report more increasingly severe postconcussion symptoms.

title: @entity146 in outpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injuries', 'brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'Depressed', 'depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['injury and cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injuries']


abstract: A triple procedure consisting of extracapsular @entity231 surgery, posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation, and @entity726 filtering operation was performed in 30 eyes of 28 @entity1 . The follow-up time was six to 24 months, with a median of 11 months. Group I consisted of 21 eyes with advanced @entity726 and poor to marginal pressure control. After surgery, the pressure was less than or equal to 21 mm Hg in 62% but 86% still required medication. This intraocular pressure control is worse than that reported by others. Group II consisted of nine eyes with a functioning filtering @entity4530 before surgery. The incision was made through the filtering @entity4530 in order to facilitate the @entity231 surgery. A new filtering procedure was performed adjacent to the original one. There was loss of control in a significant number of eyes but, with rare exception, no better or worse than that reported with other approaches. In @entity6781 there is a poor correlation between pressure control and a visible @entity4530 . The visual results for both groups were good, with 73% obtaining 20/40 or better visual acuity.

title: Triple procedure of extracapsular XXXX surgery, posterior chamber lens implantation, and @entity726 filter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6781 :: ('MESH:D019591', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakia']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: To report a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity705 of the lower cervical spine who presented with @entity4820 and to review the relevant literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity705 is the most common benign lesion of bone but rarely affects the spine. METHODS: Clinical history, routine radiographs, and computed tomography study of the @entity1 were described. A review of the relevant literature was also done. RESULTS: The @entity1 demonstrated a complete disappearance of clinical symptoms on the follow-up examination 60 days after surgery. No @entity1 with @entity4820 due to a solitary cervical @entity705 have been previously reported in English-language medical literature. CONCLUSION: Vertebral involvement of @entity705 is rare, especially with neurologic compromise. A young @entity1 is presented with a symptomatic @entity705 of the seventh cervical vertebra who had @entity4820 . This case report supports surgical intervention of symptomatic @entity705 .

title: XXXX due to a solitary osteochondroma of C7: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondroma of the cervical spine', 'solitary osteochondroma', 'Osteochondroma', 'osteochondroma']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ['Horner syndrome']

answer: @entity4820 :: (MESH:D006732,Disease) :: ['Horner Syndrome']


abstract: This study gains insight on the nature of flow blockage effects of small guidewire catheter sensors in measuring mean trans-stenotic pressure gradients Deltap across significant @entity3979 . Detailed pulsatile hemodynamic computations were made in conjunction with previously reported clinical data in a group of @entity1 with clinically significant coronary lesions before angioplasty. Results of this study ascertain changes in hemodynamic conditions due to the insertion of a guidewire catheter (di=0.46 mm) across the lesions used to directly determine the mean pressure gradient (Deltap) and fall in distal mean coronary pressure (pr). For the 32 @entity1 group of Wilson et al. [1988] (minimal lesion diameter dm=0.95 mm; 90% mean area stenosis; proximal measured coronary flow reserve (CFR) of 2.3 in the abnormal range) the diameter ratio of guidewire catheter to minimal lesion was 0.48, causing a tighter "artifactual" mean area stenosis of 92.1%. The results of the computations indicated a significant shift in the Deltap-Q relation due to guidewire induced increases in flow resistances (R=Deltap/Q) of 110% for hyperemic flow, a 35% blockage in hyperemic flow (Qh) and a phase shift of the coronary flow waveform to systolic predominance. These alterations in flow resulted in a fall in distal mean coronary pressure (at lower mean flow rates) below the patho-physiological range of prh approximately 55 mmHg, which is known to cause @entity63 in the subendocardium (Brown et al. [1984]) and coincides with symptomatic @entity951 . Transient wall shear stress levels in the narrow throat region (with flow blockage) were of the order of levels during hyperemic conditions for patho-physiological flow. In the separated flow region along the distal vessel wall, vortical flow cells formed periodically during the systolic phase when instantaneous Reynolds numbers Ree(t) exceeded about 110. For patho-physiological flow without the presence of the guidewire these vortical flow cells were much stronger than in the more viscous flow regime with the guidewire present. The non-dimensional pressure data given in tabular form may be useful in interpretation of guidewire measurements done clinically for lesions of similar geometry and severity.

title: Effects of diagnostic guidewire catheter presence on translesional hemodynamic measurements across significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenoses']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic risk factors for the development of subsequent bladder recurrence in @entity1 undergoing nephroureterectomy (NU) for @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: The data of 79 @entity1 who underwent NU for localized upper tract @entity1606 were collected retrospectively, and analysed for clinical and pathological variables. @entity1 with previous invasive @entity150 were excluded. Age, sex, @entity5 location, previous/ @entity150 , stage, grade, concomitant upper tract @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ), and size were all analysed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier Method, with the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model, respectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 71 months, during which @entity150 were detected in 42 @entity1 (54%). On univariate analyses, @entity5 stage >=  pT2 (P = 0.015), concomitant upper tract @entity2735 (P = 0.001), high-grade @entity5 G3 (P = 0.027) and @entity5 size > 4 cm (P = 0.011) were statistically significant predictors of intravesical recurrence. After multivariate analyses, concomitant @entity2735 (P = 0.005, hazard ratio 2.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4-5.8) and @entity5 size > 4 cm (P = 0.042; 1.9, 1-3.7) were significantly related to @entity150 recurrence. CONCLUSION: There is a high bladder recurrence rate after NU for upper tract @entity1606 . @entity1 with @entity5 of > 4 cm and concomitant upper tract @entity2735 have a major risk of developing subsequent bladder recurrence. Therefore, closer surveillance of the bladder is needed in these @entity1 and they may potentially benefit from prophylactic intravesical instillation therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity2735 and XXXX size are prognostic factors for bladder recurrence after nephroureterectomy for @entity1606 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour', 'bladder tumours', 'synchronic bladder tumours']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: Although population-based studies have shown that @entity1 have the highest age-specific incidence of @entity281 with the @entity6835 -like toxin-producing @entity526 (SLTEC), these sporadic case series were not focused specifically on the pediatric age group. We undertook a prospective study to determine the frequency of detection of SLT in an exclusively pediatric population. The study design minimized ascertainment and referral bias by systematically defining the population by the presence of diarrheal symptoms rather than by specific diagnosis, previous submission of stool for culture, or referral to a @entity294 study. All @entity1 < 10 years of age hospitalized at a tertiary care pediatric hospital, irrespective of admission diagnosis, were surveyed prospectively at admission and for 2 days thereafter for the presence of @entity1109 . From @entity4456 , 1991, to April 30, 1992, 227 @entity1 and 92 age- and season-matched controls were enrolled. Fecal SLT was detected in six (2.6%) @entity1 , three of whom had @entity526 O157:H7 organisms were isolated; SLT was not found in any of the controls. SLT was more commonly detected in @entity1 2-10 years of age and in bloody stools. @entity5746 was isolated in six (2.6%) cases, Shigella in five (2.2%), and Yersinia in three (1.3%); rotavirus was detected in 46 (20.3%). Two @entity1 with SLT-associated @entity294 had @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), and four had @entity548 . SLT-associated @entity294 occurred in the summer and fall months in contradistinction to that with rotavirus, which occurred in the winter and spring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A prospective study of XXXX -like toxin-associated @entity294 in a pediatric population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['defined diarrheal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

answer: @entity6835 :: (MESH:D004405,Disease) :: ['Shiga']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on body weight has been amply documented, but few studies have simultaneously assessed the evolution of energy and macronutrient intakes, energy expenditure, and changes in body composition over time after an RYGB. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated energy and macronutrient intakes, body composition, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in @entity28 female @entity1 during the initial 3 y after an RYGB. METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with a mean    SEM body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 44.1    1.6 were included in this prospective observational study. The @entity1 were studied on 6 different occasions as follows: before and 1, 3, 6, 12 (n = 16), and 36 (n = 8) mo after surgery. On each occasion, food intake was evaluated from 4- or 7-d dietary records, body composition was assessed with the use of bio-impedancemetry, and energy expenditure was measured with the use of indirect calorimetry. RESULTS: Body weight evolution showed the typical pattern reported after an RYGB. Total energy intake was 2072    108 kcal/d at baseline and decreased to 681    58 kcal/d at 1 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at baseline). Total energy intake progressively increased to reach 1240    87 kcal/d at 12 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 1 mo after surgery) and 1448    57 kcal/d at 36 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 12 mo after surgery). Protein intake was 87    4 g/d at baseline and    2 g/d 1 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at baseline) and increased progressively thereafter to reach 57    3 g/d at 36 mo after surgery (P < 0.05 compared with at 1 mo after surgery). @entity1735 and fat intakes over time showed similar patterns. Protein intake from meat and cheese were significantly reduced early at 1 mo after surgery but increased thereafter (P < 0.05). The BMR decreased from 1.12    0.04 kcal/min at baseline to 0.93    0.03, 0.86    0.03, and 0.85    0.04 kcal/min at 3, 12, and 36 mo after surgery, respectively (all P < 0.05 compared with at baseline). CONCLUSIONS: Total energy, @entity1735 , fat, and protein intakes decreased markedly during the initial 1-3 mo after an RYGB, whereas the BMR moderately decreased. The @entity353 was particularly severe at 1 mo after surgery, and protein intake increased gradually after 3-6 mo after surgery. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01891591.

title: Energy and macronutrient intake after gastric bypass for morbid XXXX : a 3-y observational study focused on protein consumption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in protein intake']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 48 Background: Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of poorly permeable chemotherapeutic agents with electroporation. It has been shown to be effective when compared with other treatments. This study assessed how @entity0 @entity1 were benefited and identified potential problems at a designated treatment centre. METHODS: This was a single centre prospective study of @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 from @entity0 . @entity1 who fulfilled NICE UK (National Institute Of Clinical Excellence) and local guidelines were treated. @entity2682 was given prior to general anaesthesia. Intravenous @entity1732 15,000IU/m2 was given as a bolus. Treatment was commenced 8 minutes later with Cliniporator. Electrical pulses were delivered via an electrode inserted through the skin surface. Treatment response, disease progression free duration, post-operative @entity158 and length of in- @entity1 stay (LOS) were recorded. @entity1 recorded a symptom diary post treatment. RESULTS: 20 treatments were performed in 16 @entity1 from 2011-2015 with 53 separate areas treated. 8 @entity1 had diffuse lesions, 5 had discrete lesions and 3 had both diffuse and discrete areas. 16 @entity1 were being treated with ECT for the first time and 4 @entity1 required 2 treatments. Median LOS was 3 days. Median follow up was 6 months (range 3-12).12 @entity1 had complete response (75%) and 4 @entity1 partial response. There was no disease progression for 6 months or more in 9 @entity1 (56%) and 2 further @entity1 had disease stabilised for 3 months with systemic or cutaneous progression in the remaining @entity1 in 3 months or less. There were no deaths or immediate adverse events from ECT. 5 @entity1 (31%) with extensive diffuse @entity764 reported persistent discomfort post treatment requiring extended period of post treatment analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: Electrochemotherapy is safe and effective treatment for cutaneous @entity3 . Appropriate @entity1 selection for treatment, pre-emptive analgesia, post treatment support and follow up is essential in order to maximise the benefits and minimise potential side-effects particularly in extensive @entity764 .

title: Electrochemotherapy for cutaneous @entity3 in XXXX : Experience from a designated treatment centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity11 will affect 15,000-17,000 Americans each year and carry a dismal prognosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy is hampered by inadequate drug delivery, systemic @entity137 , and a markedly variable biological sensitivity. Intraarterial (i.a.) therapy may enhance selectivity by improving @entity5 drug delivery and reducing systemic @entity137 . Using melphalan given i.a., we studied the therapy of intracranial @entity1 @entity11 xenografts in male athymic nude @entity35 (mean weight, 300 g) which were inoculated intracerebrally with D-54 MG and D-456 MG. On Days 6 and 7 (D-54 MG) or Days 9 and 10 (D-456 MG), @entity35 randomized by body weight and treated with single-dose melphalan given i.a. at 0.5 or 0.75 mg produced significantly higher median survival (D-54 MG, Days 33 and 32; D-456 MG, Days 52 and 54, respectively) compared with i.a. saline (D-54 MG, Day 14, P < 0.001; D-456 MG, Day 24, P = 0.000) or melphalan given i.v. at 0.75 mg and 0.9 mg (D-54 MG only; Day 19, P < 0.001; Day 23, P < 0.001, respectively) and at 0.5 and 0.75 mg (D-456 MG only; Day 26 for both doses, P = 0.00). Although a dose-dependent increase in median survival (D-54 MG, 0.25 mg, Day 18; 0.5 mg, Day 28.5; 0.75 mg, Day 32.5) was observed with i.a. administered melphalan, no significant difference was apparent between 0.5 and 0.75 mg in either @entity5 model (D-54 MG, P = 0.15; D-456 MG, P = 0.37). @entity137 studies in nontumor-bearing athymic @entity35 yielded a maximum tolerated dose of 0.8 mg for i.a. administered melphalan. This dosage was superior in spite of different xenograft permeabilities (apparent mean blood-to-tissue transport [K] values for @entity13080 , 5.8 for D-54 MG and 1.3 for D-456 MG). Pharmacokinetic experiments demonstrated a significant first pass advantage for i.a. (versus i.v.) melphalan. The short plasma half-life, marked antiglioma activity, and lack of requirement for metabolic activation indicate that i.a. melphalan holds considerable promise for @entity1 @entity11 therapy.

title: Intraarterial administration of melphalan for treatment of intracranial XXXX @entity11 xenografts in athymic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity13080 :: ('MESH:C100049', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-aminoisobutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Our study analyze retrospectively 102 @entity1 (96 male and 6 female), affected by @entity189 with histological lymph node @entity3 , who came under observation from 1978 to 1984. All @entity1 underwent partial (25 cases) or total (77 cases) laryngectomy with functional neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy with functional neck dissection and postoperative radiotherapy. Irradiation to the neck was administered, employing @entity1953 60, through two lateral opposing fields or an anterior and two posterior fields for a total dose of 50-60 Gy (fraction of 2 Gy for 5 days/week). According to UICC classification (1982) the distribution of cases was as follow: 4 T1, 28 T2, 54 T3, 16 T4. Relatively to the localization of the @entity5 we had 63 supraglottic, 35 glottic and 4 subglottic involvement. The histological grading was certified in 68 cases: 12 G1, 39 G2, 17 G3; extracapsular spread was found in 20/54 cases (37%). The actuarial global and NED survivals of the whole study were respectively 68.5% and 59.8% for 3 years and 56.5% and 48.2% for 5 years. In relation to the T the global and NED survival for 5 years 67.7% and 61.8% for T1-T2 and 53.1% and 46.4% for T3. The recurrences, observed in 26 @entity1 were found, after 3 years follow up, in 25% of G1, 20.5% of G2 and 47.1% of G3. With relation to the integrity of the nodal capsule N-recurrences were found in 20% of R+ and 5.9% of R-. At the end of the Authors underline the importance of postoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of histological N+ @entity5 of the larynx and the significance of histological grading and extra-capsular spread in cervical nodes as prognostic factors.

title: [Results of functional latero-cervical dissection associated with post-operative radiotherapy in 102 cases of XXXX of the larynx with lymph node @entity3 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether pharmacopuncture is a clinically effective and safe method for the treatment of @entity626 . @entity1 were recruited between August 2008 and December 2008 at the Ilsan Hospital associated with Dongguk University. @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The experimental group (n = 30) received pharmacopuncture using root bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch ( @entity858 ) twice a week for 6 weeks; the control group (n = 30) received normal saline injections. Fifty-three @entity1 completed the trial. After the seventh treatment, we found that @entity858 pharmacopuncture was more effective in @entity158 improvement using a Visual Analog Scale than was normal saline injection. However, the two interventions were not significantly different as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity158 score and total @entity158 scores, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and Korean Health Assessment Questionnaire. No subject showed any serious adverse effects. The effects of pharmacopuncture treatment were a combination of placebo, needle stimulation, mechanical effect of the solution, and a chemical effect of @entity858 . However, normal saline used as the control intervention displayed the first three effects, and thus its effect was not inert. This may have influenced the results of the trial, which was statistically insignificant between the two groups, except following the seventh treatment session.

title: Efficacy of pharmacopuncture using root bark of Ulmus davidiana Planch in XXXX with @entity626 : a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A three-year prospective study was conducted to evaluate right atrial @entity1346 elastomer catheters for long-term @entity1211 in adults with @entity3052 . Objectives included establishing the safety of catheter insertion in @entity882 @entity1 and the feasibility of maintaining the catheter during @entity295 . Seventy-one catheters were placed in 57 consecutive @entity1 entering intensive @entity1778 therapy. Excessive @entity548 occurred at three catheter insertion sites. Eight catheter-related @entity281 occurred. In 34 of 36 noncatheter-related and two catheter-related @entity2259 , catheters were left in place with intensive monitoring. In 20, @entity2259 cleared. Fourteen @entity1 died; in eight autopsies, no evidence of catheter-related mortality was found. Catheters were in use 6,799 days, including 3,932 home use and 2,570 granulocytopenic days. The data indicate that @entity882 does not preclude catheter insertion and that catheters can be safely maintained in septicemic granulocytopenic @entity1 .

title: A prospective study of prolonged central XXXX in @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous access']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'bacteremias']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous access']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ) is a chronic @entity32 that affects large and medium size arteries. The brachiocephalic trunk is the most frequently involved site in @entity12040 , and @entity66 are common. Surgical treatment includes vessel reconstruction surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Herein, we report our preliminary experience with surgical treatment of @entity2806 caused by cervical @entity455 due to @entity12040 . METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2007, 38 @entity1 with @entity2806 caused by cervical @entity432 due to @entity12040 were treated surgically. There were three males and 35 females, with an age range of 15 - 42 years (mean 26.5 years). All @entity1 had operative repairs undertaken. Twenty eight @entity1 received bypass operation and 10 @entity1 received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. One case with @entity3979 received coronary artery bypass simultaneously. @entity1 were followed up for 11 months to eight years. RESULTS: There were no peri-operative deaths in cerebrovascular reconstruction @entity1 . Symptoms of @entity2806 were improved or cured in 25 of 38 @entity1 . There was a low incidence of @entity1779 . Two @entity1 died at five and seven years after surgery due to @entity712 . Another 8 @entity1 (20%) required further surgery for @entity850 (5 @entity1 ) or anastomotic @entity439 (3 @entity1 ). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed successfully for treatment of @entity8 . Repeated angioplasty for revascularization was performed in six PTA cases with @entity256 after 5 - 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: When cerebral perfusion has potential to be affected by @entity12040 , a definitive corrective procedure is advised when the @entity1 is relatively stable. Although the recurrence rate is very high, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is the first choice procedure. Bypass operation is optimal for @entity6520 in @entity12040 . Cerebral reperfusion syndrome can be avoided by careful selection of the operation method and improved post-operative treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of brachiocephalic vessel involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['aortic and renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial lesions']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-vessel lesions']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity6520 :: ('MESH:C536223', 'Disease') :: ['brachiocephalic-vessel involvement']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis", 'TA']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive lesions']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral reperfusion syndrome']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this multicenter, phase III, prospective open label clinical trial was to investigate the effect of @entity562 (R) on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal, early @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 scheduled to receive @entity13558 (A). METHODS: Pre-treatment @entity79 of 213 @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 was evaluated at @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and @entity572 ( @entity572 ). @entity1 were categorized according to their baseline @entity79 T-score as being at low, moderate and high risk of @entity170 . Low risk @entity1 received @entity13558 only (A), moderate risk were randomized to @entity13558 +/- @entity562 (A+/-R) administration and high risk @entity1 received @entity13558 + @entity562 (A+R). @entity13558 was given at a dosage of 1 mg/day while oral @entity562 was given at 35 mg/week. @entity79 was then assessed at 12 and 24 months. All @entity1 received daily supplements of @entity460 (1000 mg/day) and @entity560 (400 IU/day). RESULTS: At 24 months, in the moderate risk group, treatment with A+R resulted in a significant increase in @entity79 at @entity3570 and @entity572 compared to treatment with A only (5.7% v -1.5%, Wilcoxon test P = 0.006, and 1.6% v -3.9% Wilcoxon test P = 0.037, respectively), while no significant difference was found at 12 months; 24.3% of the @entity1 moved to normal @entity79 region. In the high risk group, a significant increase for @entity3570 was detected both at 12 and 24 months (6.3% and 6.6%, P < 0.001) but not for @entity572 ; @entity79 in 14% of @entity1 improved to the @entity6092 region. In the low risk group, a significant decrease of @entity79 was detected at 12 months for @entity3570 and @entity572 (-5.3% P < 0.001 and -2.4% P < 0.001, respectively,); at 24 months, a significant decrease of @entity79 was detected only for @entity3570 (-2.5%, P < 0.001). However, 22% of @entity1 became @entity6092 and only 4% became @entity3604 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of oral @entity562 in post-menopausal @entity0 @entity1 receiving @entity13558 has a favorable effect on @entity79 . @entity1 with pre-treatment @entity6092 to @entity3604 should be treated with a combination of both therapies in order to avoid @entity604 induced by aromatase inhibition. @entity1 with normal @entity79 before starting treatment with @entity13558 have a very low risk to develop @entity170 .

title: Management of @entity13558 -induced @entity604 in XXXX @entity1 with oral @entity562 : results from the ARBI prospective clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spine', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic', 'osteoporotic status']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozole', 'anastrozole']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been hypothesized that @entity750 reuptake inhibitor antidepressants (ADs) are only weakly antinociceptive but augment noradrenergic (NA) antinociception. Thus, ADs with combined serotonergic (SN) and NA activity, (i.e., the serotonergic/noradrenergic (SN/NA) ADs) should have greater antinociceptive activity versus the NA ADs, which in turn should have more antinociceptive activity than the SN ADs. The objective of this structured review was to test this hypothesis by reviewing relevant basic science literature on the treatment of experimental @entity158 with the above different types of ADs. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , OUTCOME, MEASURES: Animal or @entity1 experimental @entity195 @entity158 treatment studies were located by the usual search methods. For animal studies only placebo-controlled studies were included for review. For @entity1 studies only double blind placebo-controlled studies were selected for review. The animal and @entity1 studies were then sorted according to the @entity158 model represented, e.g., @entity9 model. Studies were then characterized according to the type of @entity195 utilized, and the antinociceptive outcome of the @entity195 trial. RESULTS: Twenty-two animal studies and 5 @entity1 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this structured review. Within the animal nonspecific @entity158 model there were 10 SN/NA @entity195 trials, 9 NA @entity195 trials and 7 SN @entity195 trials. Of these trials 100%, 88.9%, and 14.3% respectfully demonstrated a positive @entity195 antinociceptive effect. Overall, for all the animal models there were 25 SN/NA, 9 NA, and 8 SN trials. Of these trials 92%, 88.9%, and 25% respectfully demonstrated a positive @entity195 antinociceptive effect. For the @entity1 @entity158 models, only the SN/NA ADs had been utilized in 7 trials. Here in 42.8% of the trials there was a reported antinociceptive effect. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results of this structured review support the above hypothesis.

title: Evidence-based data from animal and XXXX experimental studies on @entity158 relief with antidepressants: a structured review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity14884 ( @entity14884 ) is associated with @entity3577 and altered collagen metabolism. METHODS: 43 postmenopausal @entity1 with previous vaginal hysterectomy operated due to genitourinary prolapse were recruited. Each @entity1 was also evaluated for joint @entity8018 . The collagen metabolism was studied measuring serum concentrations of type I and III procollagen aminoterminal propeptides and trivalently cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen. RESULTS: Clinical joint @entity8018 was found in 35% @entity1 . @entity1 with joint @entity8018 had higher concentration of aminoterminal propeptide for @entity4173 and the values were statistically significant (P < 0.0178). Recurrent prolapse was found in 47% of the @entity1 with @entity14884 as compared to non-hypermobile group (25%). In this subgroup the results were statistically significant (P < 0.0085) for type III collagen. Also, the mean serum concentration for type III procollagen was significantly increased above the reference limit. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with joint @entity8018 have more recurrent genital prolapse as compared to @entity1 with @entity2720 . Plain @entity8018 was associated with higher concentrations for @entity4173 . @entity1 with recurrent @entity14884 have significantly high concentrations for type III procollagen.

title: Genitourinary XXXX are associated with altered type I and III collagen metabolism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity4173 :: ('1278', 'Gene') :: ['type I procollagen']

entities_list: @entity14884 :: ('MESH:D007593', 'Disease') :: ['prolapse and joint hypermobility', 'benign joint hypermobility', 'BJH']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['normal joint mobility']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital prolapse']

entities_list: @entity8018 :: ('MESH:C536196', 'Disease') :: ['hypermobility']

answer: @entity14884 :: (MESH:D007593,Disease) :: ['prolapse and joint hypermobility']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of low dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) therapy for @entity1 with chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 . METHODS: A retrospective case review of 10 @entity1 who received @entity1500 for chronic @entity1596 at a tertiary referral centre was performed. The following data were recorded for each @entity1 : age, sex, race, duration of @entity1596 , primary diagnosis, anatomical localisation of @entity1596 , corticosteroid therapy, dose range of @entity1500 , duration of @entity1500 therapy, and side effects of @entity1500 therapy. Several clinical parameters were evaluated to study the effect of @entity1500 . These included visual acuity, @entity32 , and topical and oral corticosteroid requirement. RESULTS: After @entity1500 VA of 6/6 or better was present in 100% right eyes and 80% left eyes (p = 0.055 and p = 0.016, respectively). @entity32 decreased in 60% of @entity1 after @entity1500 (p = 0.0168). The requirement of topical @entity134 decreased from a mean of 5.6 times a day before @entity1500 to 1.5 times a day after @entity1500 (p = 0.005). The dose of oral @entity134 decreased from a mean of 18 mg per day to 2.85 mg per day (p = 0.012). The most common adverse effect was @entity390 (20%). No @entity1 required discontinuation of @entity1500 because of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1500 is effective and safe for chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 in @entity1 . An increase awareness of its efficacy is required among paediatricians and ophthalmologists to prevent sight threatening complication of chronic @entity1596 and its treatment with long term use of @entity230 .

title: The use of low dose XXXX in @entity1 with chronic anterior and intermediate @entity1596 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior chamber inflammation', 'anterior chamber inflammation']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of localization of upper airway obstructive site with pressure measurements and Friedman staging system in preoperative upper airway reconstructive surgery for @entity27 ( @entity27 ), and to evaluate the value of Friedman staging system in predicting the upper airway obstructive site. METHODS: One hundred and three @entity1 with snoring, daytime sleepiness diagnosed as @entity27 by polysomnography were first classified using Friedman staging system, and then examined using whole night recording, including airway continuous pressure measurements (Apnea Graph, AG). AG transducer catheter containing two pressure and two temperature sensors used for obstruction site determination and detection of @entity386 events during sleep. Obstructive sites were divided into upper (retropalatal region) or lower level (retroglossal region). Using constituent ratio to reflect the obstructive proportion of different levels so as to find the correlation between Friedman staging system and localization of upper airway obstructive site with pressure measurements performed during sleep, and to evaluate the clinical value of Friedman staging system in predicting the severity of @entity27 . RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference in the constituent ratio of @entity3885 determined by AG, according to Friedman staging system, Friedman tongue position (FTP) and tonsil size grading (F = 13.876, 7.655, 10.207 respectively, P < 0.05). The constituent ratio of @entity3885 between stage IV and I, II, III (P < 0.01) was significantly different. With the increasing of Friedman staging, the constituent ratio of @entity3885 had the tendency of increasing. The constituent ratio of @entity3885 between FTP grade 2 and grade 3, grade 4 (P < 0.05) was significantly different. With the increasing of FTP grading, the constituent ratio of @entity3885 had the tendency of increasing. The constituent ratio of @entity3885 between the Friedman tonsil size grade 4 and grade 1, grade 3 (P < 0.01), grade 2 (P < 0.05) was significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Friedman staging system, in particular the FTP grading, had a correlation with upper airway pressure measurements (AG) in determination of the lower level of upper airway obstructive site, especially the retroglossal region, which could predict the main localization of upper airway obstructive site identified by upper airway pressure measurements during the sleep.

title: [Clinical value of upper airway pressure measurement and Friedman staging system in preoperative evaluation for obstructive sleep XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAHS', 'obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['retroglossal obstruction']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['apnea hypopnea syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Progression of @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) can be facilitated by soluble molecules secreted by visceral adipose tissue (VAT). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are likely to regulate some of these molecular pathways involved in pathogenesis of @entity1561 . AIM: To profile miRNA expression in the visceral adipose tissue of @entity1 with @entity1561 . METHODS: Visceral adipose tissue samples were collected from @entity1561 @entity1 and frozen. @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity1561 were divided into @entity7936 ( @entity7936 ) (n = 12) and non- @entity7936 (n = 12) cohorts controlled for clinical and demographic characteristics. Extracted total RNA was profiled using TaqMan @entity1 MicroRNA arrays. Univariate Mann-Whitney comparisons and multivariate regression analysis were performed to compare miRNA profiles. RESULTS: A total of 113 miRNA differentially expressed between @entity7936 @entity1 and non- @entity7936 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Of these, seven remained significant after multiple test correction ( @entity24341 , @entity6529 , @entity24342 , hsa-miR-28-3p, @entity15625 , hsa-miR-517a, @entity24343 ). Predicted target genes for these miRNAs include insulin receptor pathway components ( @entity442 , IGFR13), cytokines ( @entity10557 , @entity650 ), ghrelin/obestatin gene, and inflammation-related genes ( @entity2451 , @entity23436 , @entity24344 ). In addition, two miRNA species, @entity13917 and hsa-miR-99, were significantly associated with pericellular @entity82 in @entity7936 @entity1 (P < 0.05). Levels of @entity650 in the serum negatively correlated with the expression levels of all seven miRNAs capable of down regulating @entity650 encoding gene. CONCLUSIONS: miRNA expression from VAT may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1561 - a finding which may distinguish relatively simple steatosis from @entity7936 . This could help identify potential targets for pharmacological treatment regimens and candidate biomarkers for @entity7936 .

title: Differential expression of miRNAs in the visceral adipose tissue of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7936 :: ('MESH:D005235', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'NASH']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'NAFLD']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: Effects of neonatal androgenization on @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced endometrial carcinogenesis in @entity35 are studied. @entity3033 (1.25 mg) was injected subcutaneously into 110 2-day-old @entity35 . At 8 weeks of age, a pellet containing 0.2 or 1mg @entity106 was introduced into each uterine horn of both neonatally intact control @entity35 (NR) and neonatally androgenized @entity35 (ASR). All @entity35 were killed at 24 or 48 weeks of age. The results were as follows. Vehicle group: No @entity5 was observed during both 16- and 40-week observation periods in either 122 horns of NR or 98 of ASR. 0.2 mg @entity106 treated group: No @entity5 was detected in either 80 NR or 72 ASR during a 16-week observation period. Although three malignant uterine @entity5 were found among 72 NR during a 40-week observation period, no @entity5 was observed in 30 ASR. 1mg @entity106 treated group: Although one @entity5 of 16 NR was found during a 16-week observation period, no @entity5 was observed in 20 ASR. Four malignant uterine @entity5 of 168 NR induced by @entity106 were histologically 2 @entity957 and two @entity242 . As mentioned above, although four malignant uterine @entity5 were induced by @entity106 in 168 NR, no @entity5 was found in 122 ASR. These results seem to indicate that neonatal androgenization suppressed the induction of malignant @entity35 uterine @entity5 by @entity106 .

title: [Effects of neonatal androgenization on XXXX -induced @entity35 endometrial carcinogenesis].

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant uterine tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene']


abstract: Primed peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) with @entity1583 growth factors enhance marrow engraftment after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity1261 and @entity2841 stimulate the production of PBPC; both cytokines alone also stimulate neutrophil recovery after autologous BMT. Little data exist comparing these two cytokines. We prospectively studied @entity1261 and @entity2841 in autologous BMT. Forty-four consecutive @entity1 with either @entity978 or @entity1893 underwent autologous BMT using both PBPC and autologous marrow. The autologous BMT preparative regimen was CBV ( @entity2879 2400 mg/m2, CY 1800 mg/m2 i.v. four times daily for 4 days, @entity3600 600 mg/m2). Sixteen @entity1 received @entity1261 5 micrograms/kg sc daily for 8 days for mobilization of PBPC and received @entity1261 16 micrograms/kg i.v. four times daily after autologous BMT. Twenty-eight @entity1 received @entity2841 to mobilize PBPC (14 @entity1 received 250 micrograms/m2 sc daily for 8 days; 14 @entity1 received 125 micrograms/m2 sc twice daily for 8 days) and @entity2841 (250 micrograms/m2 i.v. four times daily) after autologous BMT. @entity1 underwent three to five pheresis procedures to harvest at least 3 x 10(8) nucleated cells/kg. @entity1 receiving @entity1261 had higher peripheral WBC counts than did those receiving @entity2841 . Total numbers of mononuclear cells, total @entity2280 + cells and total @entity2280 +/33-negative cells were similar in the two treatment groups. The @entity1 receiving @entity1261 after autologous BMT experienced a more rapid engraftment of both neutrophils (9 days vs 13 days, p = 0.0001) and platelets (14 days vs 18 days, p = 0.027) than did @entity1 receiving @entity2841 after transplant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of XXXX with @entity2841 for mobilizing peripheral blood progenitor cells and for enhancing marrow recovery after autologous bone marrow transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the natural history of radiation papillopathy after proton beam irradiation of parapapillary @entity320 . DESIGN: Noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Ninety-three eyes of 93 @entity1 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1 with @entity320 within 0 to 1 disc diameter (DD) of the optic nerve and at least 2 DD away from the fovea treated with proton beam irradiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of papillopathy, @entity227 . RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of @entity1 developed papillopathy a median of 1.5 years (17.7 months) after radiation. Among @entity1 who developed papillopathy, 5-year rates of vision retention were 42% for counting fingers or better and 23% for 20/200 or better. At 5 years after the onset of papillopathy, 31% of @entity1 had spontaneous visual improvement of 3 or more lines compared with the time of papillopathy diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Even in eyes receiving high doses of radiation to the optic nerve for treatment of intraocular @entity5 , approximately two thirds of @entity1 develop radiation papillopathy. After the development of papillopathy, 42% of eyes retain useful vision and one third of eyes have significant spontaneous visual improvement over 5 years. The natural history of radiation papillopathy may be more favorable than previously assumed, and therefore treatments for this condition must be compared with an appropriate control group.

title: Natural history of radiation papillopathy after proton beam irradiation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss, and visual improvement']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['parapapillary melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Placental mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) are readily available multipotent stem cells for potential use in regenerative therapies. For this purpose, PMSCs must be maintained in culture conditions that mimic the in vivo microenvironment. IGFs ( @entity442 and @entity5100 ) and @entity26 tension are low in the placenta in early gestation and increase as pregnancy progresses. IGFs bind to two receptor @entity4149 kinases, the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) and the @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ), and their hybrid receptors. We hypothesized that @entity442 and @entity5100 signal via distinct signaling pathways under low- @entity26 tension to maintain PMSC multipotency. In preterm PMSCs, low- @entity26 tension increased the expression of @entity5100 and reduced @entity442 . @entity442 stimulated higher phosphorylation of IGF-1Rb, @entity1366 , and AKT, which was maintained at steady lower levels by low @entity26 tension. PMSC proliferation was increased by @entity442 more than @entity5100 ,and was potentiated by low- @entity26 tension. This IGF/low @entity26 tension-mediated proliferation was receptor dependent because neutralization of the @entity2856 inhibited PMSC proliferation in the presence of @entity442 and the @entity8277 in presence of @entity5100 . These findings suggest that both @entity2856 and the @entity8277 can participate in mediating IGF signaling in maintaining PMSCs multipotency. We conclude that low- @entity26 tension can modify the @entity442 or @entity5100 signaling via the @entity2856 and @entity8277 in PMSCs.

title: Low XXXX Tension Modulates the Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 or -2 Signaling via Both Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor and @entity8277 to Maintain Stem Cell Identity in Placental Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor', 'IR']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['Oxygen']


abstract: The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity2856 ) is a transmembrane glycoprotein composed of two extracellular alpha subunits and two beta subunits with @entity669 kinase activity. The @entity2856 is frequently upregulated in @entity5 and signals from the cell surface to promote proliferation and cell survival. Recent attention has focused on the @entity2856 as a target for @entity5 treatment. Here, we report that the nuclei of @entity1 @entity5 cells contain @entity2856 , detectable using multiple antibodies to alpha- and beta-subunit domains. Cell-surface @entity2856 translocates to the nucleus following clathrin-mediated endocytosis, regulated by IGF levels. The @entity2856 is unusual among transmembrane receptors that undergo nuclear import, in that both alpha and beta subunits traffic to the nucleus. Nuclear @entity2856 is phosphorylated in response to ligand and undergoes IGF-induced interaction with chromatin, suggesting direct engagement in transcriptional regulation. The IGF dependence of these phenomena indicates a requirement for the receptor kinase, and indeed, @entity2856 nuclear import and chromatin binding can be blocked by a novel @entity2856 kinase inhibitor. Nuclear @entity2856 is detectable in primary @entity703 cells, @entity406 -fixed @entity5 , preinvasive lesions in the breast, and nonmalignant tissues characterized by a high proliferation rate. In @entity1358 , nuclear @entity2856 is associated with adverse prognosis. Our findings suggest that @entity2856 nuclear import has biological significance, may contribute directly to @entity2856 function, and may influence the efficacy of @entity2856 inhibitory drugs.

title: Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor translocates to the nucleus of @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to increasing success with repair or palliation in childhood, there is a rapidly growing population of adult @entity1 with complex @entity299 who may require transplantation. There remains little data on outcomes of cardiac transplantation in this group. METHODS: 38 orthotopic cardiac transplants were performed in 37 @entity1 (18 @entity1 ) > or =18 years of age with @entity299 ( @entity299 ) from 1988 to 2009 in our institution. Outcomes were reviewed using medical records and transplant databases. RESULTS: 15 @entity1 (41%) had univentricular and 22 (59%) biventricular physiology. The biggest group was @entity3886 following @entity955 in eight @entity1 (22%). Six (16%) had no previous surgical intervention. Mean age at transplant was 33.5 years (range 19.1-59.9 years). 11 @entity1 (30%) required additional surgical procedures at transplant. 16 (43%) died, 12 early and 4 late deaths (1.8, 2.4, 2.7 and 7 years). Survival was 70% at 30 days, 68% at 1 year, 58% at 5 years and 53% at 10 and 15 years. Outcome improved in later eras with reduction in 30-day mortality from 50% to 18% and increase in 5-year survival from 50% to 69%. Two @entity1 developed @entity1071 . None required long-term renal replacement therapy. One @entity1 was re-transplanted for @entity299 . CONCLUSIONS: While operative mortality following cardiac transplantation for adult @entity299 is higher than for other diagnostic groups, long-term survival is good and comparable to @entity1 without @entity299 . Disappointing early results are improved with increasing experience.

title: Cardiac transplantation in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial switch']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy', 'CHD', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: A newly developed bone equivalent @entity692 was derived from veterinary bone (VHAP). Sections of 1 cm of six @entity95 mandibles were equally replaced by this VHAP graft. Radiological studies by X-ray were performed pre-operatively, immediately, @entity676 months post-operatively. The graft host-bone interface was examined periodically by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Accompanying structural changes of the graft 3 months post-operatively were compared with the pre-operative findings by infra-red (IR) spectroscopic analysis. Complete union of the biomaterial to the host bone after 3 months was evidenced radiologically. @entity4653 proved complete graft integration. This was accompanied by a decrease in optical density of the IR analysis of post-operative VHAP, indicating some leaching of the ions. Clinically, the graft was completely incorporated in the mandible without any complications. We discuss the use of VHAP in @entity1 to reconstruct post-surgical mandibular defects.

title: Reconstruction of resected mandibles using a XXXX veterinary bone graft.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: To test the hypothesis that @entity295 causes in vivo changes in nutrient microcirculatory blood flow to gastric surface epithelium, cellular oxygenation ( @entity4095 ), and transmembrane potential difference, measured by an ultramicroelectrode, were studied before, during, and after a 1-h intravenous infusion of live @entity526 organisms. A "high-dose" infusion (1.0-1.4 x 10(10) organisms/kg) resulted in a hyperdynamic septic state; a "low-dose" infusion (0.3-0.7 x 10(10) organisms/kg) caused no significant systemic hemodynamic changes except a decline in mean arterial blood pressure. Both doses, however, caused a significant and persistent decline in epithelial @entity4095 and potential difference. The rate of fall was dose-related but was not related to total gastric blood flow, which remained normal with both high- and low-dose infusions. Treatment with @entity1667 30 min after the start of infusion ameliorated mucosal @entity519 and restored potential difference to normal; recovery was maintained for 2 h after the septic insult. Light microscopy of the @entity356 subjected to high-dose infusion showed focal and confluent @entity4 with evaluation of surface epithelium away from dilated capillaries in the lamina propria near the apices of the faveoli. @entity1667 treatment completely prevented these changes. We conclude that @entity519 of gastric surface epithelium at a time when total gastric blood flow is normal reflects impairment of nutrient subepithelial microcirculatory blood flow. Decline in transmembrane potential difference before cellular @entity4095 reaches rate-limiting concentrations indicates that @entity295 has a dual effect: direct inhibition of epithelial metabolism as well as redistribution of microcirculatory blood flow. @entity1667 provided dramatic protection to the @entity235 @entity356 , enhancing microcirculatory blood flow to apical gastric epithelium, maintaining normal capillary permeability and protecting cellular function during and after @entity295 .

title: @entity519 of @entity235 @entity356 caused by @entity526 @entity295 and prevented with XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: The choice between beta-blockers, long-acting @entity3362 , and @entity460 antagonists for prophylactic treatment of stable @entity951 is determined by several factors, including specific indications for and contraindications to a particular drug. In severe cases of @entity951 , combined treatment is common. The theoretical advantages of combined therapy seem attractive; however, studies documenting the effects of some combinations are few or lacking. Combined use of @entity3362 and beta-blockers is a rational approach, because the pharmacological actions of the 2 drugs produce complementary haemodynamic effects. In short term studies favourable effects have been documented. Positive, but more variable effects have also been reported during long term treatment. Additive effects of @entity3362 and @entity460 antagonists have been found in @entity951 produced by @entity3361 , but the effects of the combination in stable @entity951 are not well documented. The combination may be more or less attractive, depending on the profile of action of the particular @entity460 antagonist used. It should be stressed that there are no studies of the efficacy of long term treatment with the combination of @entity3362 and @entity460 antagonists. Triple treatment is based more on clinical experience than on the effect documented in properly designed clinical studies. Even if additional beneficial effects can be obtained in @entity1 on maximal doses of beta-blockers and @entity3362 when receiving @entity460 antagonists, it has been shown that triple therapy may not be optimal for certain @entity1 .

title: Combination of XXXX with other antianginal drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3362 :: (MESH:D009566,Chemical) :: ['nitrates']


abstract: A 63-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with @entity73 . On admission, he had a @entity221 and mild @entity73 , suggesting chronic @entity5422 . Apart from a mild increase in serum @entity1851 level and marked neutrophilia, laboratory findings were unremarkable. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed multiple small T2-hyperintense lesions in the white matter. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity5 were all negative. For 5 months we conducted therapeutic trials of various antibacterial, antifungal, and antituberculous drugs, but these were completely ineffective, and both @entity5422 and inflammatory signs persisted. Repeated brain MRI during the clinical course showed growth of the @entity62 and progressive @entity194 . @entity5480 positron emission tomography demonstrated a bright focus in the right frontal lobe, and this was biopsied. Key neuropathological findings were neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and the frontal lobe without @entity39 . These findings confirmed the diagnosis of neuro-neutrophilic disease, although skin tissue findings characteristic of @entity66 and a B51, B54, or @entity5481 HLA-profile were absent. After intravenous bolus administration of @entity134 and prolonged oral @entity134 therapy, @entity221 and inflammatory signs diminished and cognitive symptoms improved.

title: [A case of neuro-neutrophilic disease presenting with 5 months' with @entity73 , XXXX , and marked systemic inflammatory findings, and diagnosed with brain biopsy].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Sweet disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic angiitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity5480 :: ('MESH:C086242', 'Chemical') :: ['C11-methionine']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']