abstract: BACKGROUND: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a proteasome inhibitor that selectively and irreversibly binds to its target and has been approved in the US for treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple @entity1582 . Phase 1B studies of CFZ reported signals of clinical activity in solid @entity5 , including @entity151 ( @entity151 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of CFZ in @entity2 models. METHODS: A diverse panel of @entity1 @entity2 cell lines and a @entity1 @entity151 xenograft model were used to investigate the anti- @entity5 activity of CFZ. RESULTS: CFZ treatment inhibited both the constitutive proteasome and the immunoproteasome in @entity2 cell lines. CFZ had marked anti-proliferative activity in A549, H1993, H520, @entity1 , and H1299 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines, with IC50 values after 96  hour exposure from <1.0 nM to 36 nM. CFZ had more variable effects in the @entity1 and @entity1 @entity151 cell lines, with IC50 values at 96  hours from <1 nM to 203 nM. Western blot analysis of CFZ-treated H1993 and @entity1 cells showed cleavage of @entity12982 ( @entity12982 ) and @entity522 , indicative of apoptosis, and induction of microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain-3B ( @entity16401 ), indicative of autophagy. In SHP77 flank xenograft @entity5 , CFZ monotherapy inhibited @entity5 growth and prolonged survival, while no additive or synergistic anti- @entity5 efficacy was observed for CFZ + cisplatin (CDDP). CONCLUSIONS: CFZ demonstrated anti-proliferative activity in @entity2 cell lines in vitro and resulted in a significant survival advantage in @entity19 with SHP77 @entity151 xenografts, supporting further pre-clinical and clinical investigations of CFZ in @entity1149 and @entity151 .

title: Carfilzomib demonstrates broad anti- @entity5 activity in pre-clinical non-small cell and XXXX models.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity12982 :: ('142', 'Gene') :: ['PARP', 'poly ADP ribose polymerase']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Purpose. One of the common side effects experienced by @entity135 @entity1 on chemoradiotherapy is @entity33 . Severe @entity33 may be controllable by limiting @entity5 therapy, but it has resulted in decreasing the completion rate of chemoradiotherapy. The efficacy of royal jelly (RJ) as prophylaxis against chemoradiotherapy-induced @entity33 was evaluated through clinical scoring of oral and @entity33 . Methods. In this randomized, single-blind (physician-blind), clinical trial, 13 @entity1 with @entity135 requiring chemoradiation were randomly assigned to two groups. Seven @entity1 assigned to the study group received RJ, and 6 @entity1 were assigned to the control group. RJ group @entity1 took RJ three times per day during treatment. The @entity1 in both groups were evaluated twice a week for the development of @entity33 using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0. Results. A significant reduction in @entity33 was seen among RJ-treated @entity1 compared with controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that prophylactic use of RJ was effective in reducing @entity33 induced by chemoradiotherapy in @entity135 @entity1 . However, further studies are needed because of the small sample size and the absence of double blinding.

title: The effect of topical application of royal jelly on chemoradiotherapy-induced XXXX in @entity135 : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngeal mucositis', 'mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ) are the most common solid @entity5 in adolescent and young adult males (age 15 and 35  years) and remain one of the most curable of all solid @entity5 . However a subset of @entity1 will have @entity5 that are refractory to standard chemotherapy agents. The management of this refractory population remains challenging and approximately 400 @entity1 continue to die every year of this refractory disease in the United States. METHODS: Given the preclinical evidence implicating @entity7 ( @entity7 ) signaling in the biology of germ cell @entity5 , we hypothesized that the @entity319 ( @entity319 ) inhibitor @entity2240 (Sutent) may possess important clinical activity in the treatment of this refractory disease. We proposed a Phase II efficacy study of @entity2240 in seminomatous and non-seminomatous metastatic @entity2971 's refractory to first line chemotherapy treatment (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912912). Next generation targeted exome sequencing using HiSeq 2000 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was performed on the @entity5 sample of the unusual responder. RESULTS: Five @entity1 are enrolled into this Phase II study. Among them we report here the clinical course of a @entity1 ( @entity1 # 5) who had an exceptional response to @entity2240 . Next generation sequencing to understand this @entity1 's response to @entity2240 revealed @entity8958 amplification, @entity470 and @entity984 amplification as relevant aberrations. Oncoscan @entity11542 array were employed to validate the copy number analysis that confirmed @entity8958 gene amplification. CONCLUSION: @entity2240 conferred clinical benefit to this heavily pre-treated @entity1 . Next generation sequencing of this 'exceptional responder' identified the first reported case of a @entity8958 amplification as a potential basis of sensitivity to @entity2240 ( @entity319 / @entity3820 / @entity2467 / @entity7801 / @entity8958 / @entity6823 inhibitor) in a @entity1 with @entity2971 . Further characterization of @entity2971 @entity1 using biomarkers for clinical response and @entity1 selection is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00912912.

title: Next generation sequencing analysis of platinum refractory advanced @entity2971 sensitive to @entity2240 ( @entity2240  ) a @entity319 / @entity3820 / @entity2467 / @entity7801 / XXXX / @entity6823 inhibitor in a phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib', 'Sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['GCT', 'refractory germ cell tumor', 'Germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGFR2', 'vascular endothelial growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity8958 :: (5979,Gene) :: ['RET']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the clinical and imaging features of @entity20413 ( @entity20413 ) in 9 adults. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 9 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity20413 at the King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia over a 10 year period. RESULTS: The @entity1 mean age was 38.1 years; males were more affected than females (7:2). Seven of the @entity1 had symptoms referable to the chest and a similar number had compatible abnormalities on physical examination. The left lung was involved in all cases. Bronchiectasis was present in 7 (77.8%). Eight @entity1 who underwent pulmonary function tests had combined defects. Two @entity1 demonstrated significant reversibility. All @entity1 had a stable course over at least before a 3 year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: @entity20413 has a diverse manifestations in adults and can mimic other @entity358 , which may lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate therapy. The course is generally a stable one.

title: Clinical spectrum of XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disorders']

entities_list: @entity20413 :: ('MESH:D019568', 'Disease') :: ['Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome', 'SJMS']

answer: @entity20413 :: (MESH:D019568,Disease) :: ['Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whole-grain intake has been shown to be inversely associated with cardiovascular events, but an association with @entity731 is less well established. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the association of whole-grain intake with carotid @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) and @entity1004 progression in a multiethnic cohort. DESIGN: This study evaluated 1178 @entity1 in the @entity2690 Resistance @entity731 Study. Baseline whole-grain intake was estimated on the basis of intake of dark breads, cooked cereals, and high-fiber cereals assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Bilateral carotid @entity1004 was evaluated ultrasonographically, yielding 16 @entity1004 measures at baseline and year 5. Multivariate models evaluated the independent association of whole-grain intake with common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity1004 and @entity1004 progression. RESULTS: The cohort had a mean (+/-SD) age of 55.2 +/- 8.4 y and was 56% female. The baseline median whole-grain intake was 0.79 servings/d. Whole-grain intake was inversely associated with @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.043 +/- 0.013, P = 0.005) and @entity1004 progression (beta +/- SE: -0.019 +/- 0.011, P = 0.09) in models adjusted for demographics, energy intake, energy expenditure, @entity65 risk factors, and medication use. This association was less significant for ICA @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.049 +/- 0.023, P = 0.05) and not significant for @entity1004 (beta +/- SE: -0.013 +/- 0.014, P = 0.35). The relation between whole-grain intake and @entity1004 remained significant after adjustment for mediating pathways (lipids, adiposity, and @entity2690 resistance), nutrient constituents, and a principal components-derived healthy dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-grain intake is inversely associated with @entity1004 , and this relation is not attributable to individual risk intermediates, single nutrient constituents, or larger dietary patterns.

title: Whole-grain intake and carotid artery @entity731 in a multiethnic cohort: the XXXX Resistance @entity731 Study.

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal medial thickness', 'ICA IMT progression', 'IMT', 'CCA IMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: Nicotiana species carry cellular T-DNA sequences (cT-DNAs), acquired by @entity7060 -mediated transformation. We characterized the cT-DNA sequences of the ancestral @entity286 species @entity57569 by deep sequencing. @entity57569 contains four cT-DNA inserts derived from different @entity7060 strains. Each has an incomplete inverted-repeat structure. TA is similar to part of the @entity7060 1724  @entity57568 -type T-DNA, but has unusual orf14 and mis genes. @entity1906 carries a 1724  @entity57568 -type orf14-mis fragment and a @entity40535 - @entity65613 synthesis region (mas2-mas1-ags). The mas2' gene codes for an active enzyme. TC is similar to the left part of the A.  rhizogenes @entity16399 -DNA, but also carries @entity28993 synthase-like (ocl) and c-like genes normally found in A.  tumefaciens. @entity8527 shows a complex rearrangement of T-DNA fragments similar to the right end of the A4 TL-DNA, and including an orf14-like gene and a gene with unknown function, orf511. The TA, @entity1906 , TC and @entity8527 insertion sites were identified by alignment with @entity286 and @entity20250 sequences. The divergence values for the TA, @entity1906 , TC and @entity8527 repeats provide an estimate for their relative introduction times. A large deletion has occurred in the central part of the @entity286 cv. Basma/Xanthi TA region, and another deletion removed the complete TC region in @entity286 . Nicotiana otophora lacks TA, @entity1906 and @entity8527 , but contains TC and another cT-DNA, TE. This analysis, together with that of Nicotiana glauca and other Nicotiana species, indicates multiple sequential insertions of cT-DNAs during the evolution of the genus Nicotiana.

title: Deep sequencing of the ancestral XXXX species @entity57569 reveals multiple T-DNA inserts and a complex evolutionary history of natural transformation in the genus Nicotiana.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['N.  tabacum', 'Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity57569 :: ('4098', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tomentosiformis', 'N.  tomentosiformis']

entities_list: @entity7060 :: ('359', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium', 'Agrobacterium rhizogenes']

entities_list: @entity28993 :: ('CHEBI:15805', 'Chemical') :: ['octopine']

entities_list: @entity40535 :: ('MESH:C041352', 'Chemical') :: ['mannopine']

entities_list: @entity20250 :: ('4096', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana sylvestris']

entities_list: @entity57568 :: ('MESH:C082688', 'Chemical') :: ['mikimopine']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental laboratory study. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the differences in lower extremity gait biomechanics in individuals who have @entity626 ( @entity571 ) with and without self-reported knee instability. BACKGROUND: Individuals with knee @entity571 who experience episodes of knee instability often report gait difficulties that interfere with their daily lives. A better understanding of the alterations in gait biomechanics may help to mitigate symptomatic knee instability in this @entity1 population. METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with knee @entity571 and self-reported knee instability and 36 @entity1 with knee @entity571 and no self-reported knee instability underwent instrumented gait analysis on level ground. Knee-specific symptoms and functional limitations were assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index. RESULTS: Knee instability was associated with greater odds of reporting moderate to severe gait-related @entity158 (odds ratio = 6.0; 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 28.9) and moderate to severe difficulty when walking on flat surfaces (odds ratio = 10.7; 95% confidence interval: 1.7, 69.2). During early stance, the group with self-reported knee instability walked with a greater knee flexion excursion (P = .02) and a smaller lower extremity support moment (P<.01), due to reduced contributions from the hip extensors (P<.01) and @entity3681 (P = .04). The group with self-reported knee instability also walked with a greater knee extensor contribution to the lower extremity support moment (P = .04) during the initial knee extension phase of gait compared to their counterparts with good knee stability. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that self-reported knee instability is associated with significant alterations in hip, knee, and ankle joint function during the stance phase of gait in individuals with knee @entity571 .

title: Altered gait characteristics in individuals with XXXX and self-reported knee instability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexors']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No clear guidelines exist for managing @entity263 because clinical studies have not yet established which treatment provides the best long-term outcome. We assessed the effect of treatment on @entity263 -specific mortality considering the determinants of treatment and prognosis. METHODS: The population-based cohort included all 844 @entity1 having a diagnosis of @entity263 between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1998, in Geneva, Switzerland. Treatments included prostatectomy (n = 158), radiotherapy (n = 205), watchful waiting (n = 378), hormone therapy (n = 72), and other types of therapy (n = 31). We compared survival curves using the log-rank test. With multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis and propensity score methods, we evaluated the independent effect of treatments on @entity263 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Treatment options only slightly influenced 5-year @entity263 -specific mortality but had an important effect on long-term mortality. Ten-year specific survival was 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73%-93%), 75% (95% CI, 67%-83%), and 72% (95% CI, 66%-80%) for @entity1 who underwent surgery, radiotherapy, and watchful waiting, respectively (P < .001). At 10 years, @entity1 treated with radiotherapy or watchful waiting had a significantly increased risk of @entity204 from @entity263 compared with @entity1 who underwent prostatectomy (multiadjusted hazard ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.2-4.3] and 2.0 [95% CI, 1.1-3.8], respectively). The increased mortality associated with radiotherapy and watchful waiting was primarily observed in @entity1 younger than 70 years and in @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 (Gleason score > or = 7; reference, 1 [best]-10 [worst]). @entity1 who received hormone therapy alone already had an increased risk of @entity263 -specific mortality at 5 years (hazard ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.4-8.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Our study results suggest that surgery offers the best chance of long-term @entity263 -specific survival, in particular for younger @entity1 and @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity5 . Until clinical trials provide conclusive evidence, physicians and @entity1 should be informed of these results and their limitations.

title: Short- and long-term mortality with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: Some opioid antagonists increase the release of @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) and @entity701 in @entity1 and, therefore, may indicate that endogenous opioids modulate @entity2339 activity. The type of opioid receptor that may be related to these endocrine effects is unknown. The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the ability of different opioid antagonists to increase @entity4545 and @entity701 plasma levels in @entity2608 . Eight monkeys received intramuscular injections of various antagonists: 0.0032-1.0 mg/kg @entity836 , 0.1-3.2 mg/kg @entity5172 (delta-selective), 0.032-0.32 mg/kg @entity37688 (mu-selective), and 1-3.2 mg/kg @entity14719 (kappa-selective). @entity836 , 0.1-1.0 mg/kg, increased @entity4545 levels, whereas @entity5172 and @entity37688 failed to increase @entity4545 levels. @entity14719 , 1-3.2 mg/kg, increased @entity4545 concentrations on the day of injection, but not at a time when other assays continue to demonstrate kappa-antagonism (24 h). @entity701 concentrations generally followed the same pattern as the @entity4545 concentrations, but the incremental differences in @entity701 release between doses were less clear. Thus, opioid modulation of @entity4545 and @entity701 plasma levels is not clearly associated with a particular opioid receptor. Although the kappa-antagonist increased @entity4545 and @entity701 release on the day of injection, some evidence suggests that this endocrine effect may be due to mechanisms other than those mediated by the kappa-receptor. Alternatively, the @entity836 -induced increase of @entity4545 and @entity701 plasma levels may be caused by activity at multiple opioid receptors or some uncharacterized receptor. Finally, the increased release of @entity4545 and @entity701 may be a response to @entity836 's aversive properties.

title: Effect of opioid receptor antagonists on XXXX in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['ACTH', 'adrenocorticotropic hormone']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['nor-binaltorphimine', 'Nor-binaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity37688 :: ('MESH:C076806', 'Chemical') :: ['clocinnamox']

answer: @entity2339 :: (MESH:D007029,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity63 postconditioning (IPost) in protecting @entity1184 subjected to @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) and to study the role of extracellular regulated protein kinase ( @entity8837 ) in mediating such protection. METHODS: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) operation was performed on 12-week-old C57/BL @entity19 to establish left @entity123 models. Sixty-four isolated @entity11636 @entity19 hearts were mounted onto the Langendorff perfusion system and randomly divided into 4 equal group: (1) I/R group undergoing stable perfusion for 30 min, @entity63 for 30 min, and re-perfusion for 120 min (an I/R cycle) to cause @entity1184 I/R injury, (2) IPost group undergoing @entity63 for 10s and reperfusion for 10s, totally 3 cycles (60s) before reperfusion for 120 min, (3) I/R+ @entity4286 (an @entity8837 inhibitor) group undergoing perfusion of Krebs-Henseleit (KH) buffer with @entity4286 10(-5)mol/L for 15 min and perfusion of KH buffer without @entity4286 at the beginning of re-perfusion, and (4) IPost + @entity4286 group undergoing 3 cycles of IPost and perfusion of KH buffer with @entity4286 10(-5)mol/L for 15 min at the beginning of re-perfusion. Hemodynamic examination was conducted 120 min after re-perfusion to measure the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal uprising velocity of left ventricle pressure (dp/dt(max)), and minimal uprising velocity of left ventricle pressure (dp/dt(min)). After the I/R procedure the myocardium of the left ventricle was isolated to detect the @entity1188 size (IS). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of @entity8837 , phosphorylated @entity8837 , @entity1379 , @entity1380 , and mitochondrial and cytosolic cytochrome (Cyt). C. TUNEL was used to detect the apoptotic rate. RESULTS: The LVSP and dp/dt(max) levels of the IPost group were (85 +/- 4) mm Hg and (3811 +/- 230) mm Hg/s, both significantly higher than those of the I/R group [(68 +/- 5) mm Hg and (2830 +/- 230) mm Hg/s respectively, both P < 0.05]. Compared with the I/R group, the protein levels of phosphorylated @entity8837 , @entity1379 , mitochondrial CytC of the IPost group were all significantly higher, the protein levels of @entity1380 and cytosolic CytC, and apoptosis index were significantly lower (all P < 0.05), and the IS was smaller (P < 0.05). I/R + @entity4286 showed no effects on the above-mentioned parameters. However, the results of the IPost + @entity4286 group showed that in the first 15 min of reperfusion addition of @entity4286 reversed all changes observed in the IPost group and eliminated the IPost protection by increasing IS to a level similar to that in the I/R group. CONCLUSION: IPost has protective effect in @entity1184 with I/R injury in vitro. @entity8837 signaling pathway is involved in the protection of IPost by regulating the myocyte apoptosis.

title: [ @entity63 postconditioning protects @entity1184 by @entity8837 signaling pathway: experiment with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic myocardium']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity8837 :: ('26417;26413', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2', 'ERK1/2']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: AIM: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of @entity5 death in New Zealand. Incidence and mortality rates are regularly reported but more detailed information concerning the epidemiology of the disease is not readily available. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology of @entity14 , with particular reference to gender; subsite distribution; stage at diagnosis; @entity5 grade; the contribution of recognisable aetiological factors; and the resection rate and type of surgery performed for @entity5 . METHODS: All 2272 pathology reports of @entity14 submitted to the National Cancer Registry for the year 2000 were reviewed and restaged according to the classical Dukes system. Age, gender, stage, subsite distribution, differentiation, @entity5 type, associated pathology and type of @entity5 specimen were recorded. RESULTS: The gender ratio for all cases was equal. One third of resected @entity5 were in the rectum, one third in the left colon and one third were proximal to the @entity4558 . @entity1 had more @entity5 (M:F 1.6:1) and @entity1 more @entity694 (0.9:1). Right-sided @entity5 were of significantly higher grade than @entity5 . The proportion of right-sided @entity5 increased with advancing age in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Three per cent of @entity1 had @entity5 and 0.2% of @entity1 had phenotypic features of @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). Fourteen per cent of @entity1 were Dukes stage A at diagnosis, 43% stage B and 43% stage C. @entity5 were more likely to be stage A than @entity694 (odds ratio 1.6). Stage and grade of @entity14 were significantly associated. Ninety one per cent of @entity5 were resected; 29% of @entity1 with @entity5 had an abdominoperineal resection and 6% a local excision. CONCLUSIONS: The current stage distribution of @entity14 is in keeping with a predominantly unscreened population. The subsite distribution of @entity5 and its relationship to age and gender are similar to other high-risk countries; however, its relationship to grade of @entity5 has not previously been reported. An abdominoperineal resection rate of 29% reflects the mix of specialised @entity14 treating @entity5 in New Zealand and is in line with or better than recent overseas data that reflect national or regional practice.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX : what can we learn from the New Zealand Cancer Registry?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'synchronous tumours', 'rectal cancer', 'left-sided cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic flexure']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal and general surgical units', 'CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: To evaluate the medical educational and functional determinants of employment after @entity64 a total of 204 @entity1 were assessed for functional changes during rehabilitation and after one year. Additionally the educational and social background of each @entity1 was documented. One year after discharge from the rehabilitation unit 11.3% of the @entity1 worked full-time and 2.7% part time. Another 14.7% had the decision pension versus employment still pending and 0.5% were classified as unemployed. 70.8% received regular retirement plan payments or disability pensions. Generally a similar level of functional capabilities can be observed after one year for working and non-working @entity1 except for manual dexterity. Early admission to rehabilitation (within the first 12 weeks) favours return to work. A high school degree qualifying for university entrance and a well paid and better qualified profession as well are correlated with a higher percentage of @entity1 regaining their employment. An other determining factor of employment after @entity64 is the physical requirement of the former work. Most of the working @entity1 (92%) had been either transferred onto a job suited for an handicapped @entity1 or their work plan had been restructured accordingly.

title: Medical educational and functional determinants of employment after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Both @entity984 and @entity876 gene mutations are found commonly in @entity788 . Analysis of the mutational patterns may provide insight into disease etiology. To further describe the mutational patterns of @entity788 and to assess the evidence to date, we performed a pooled analysis of the published data on genetic mutations associated with @entity1124 . We included data from studies that evaluated point mutations in the two genes most studied in @entity788 , @entity984 and @entity876 . A majority of the 204 @entity5 had mutations in at least one gene, with 29% having both @entity984 and @entity876 mutations, 39% with @entity984 mutation alone, and 16% having @entity876 mutation alone. Sixteen percent of @entity5 lacked mutation in either gene. @entity984 mutations were present in high frequencies in all @entity5 grades (>69%). A statistically significant trend was observed for @entity876 mutation with higher @entity5 grade (P = 0.04). For @entity984 , G2 and G3 grades, combined, had notably higher prevalences of mutation than G1 (P = 0.004). @entity49139 mutations in @entity984 codon 12 were marginally associated with lower @entity5 grade (P for trend = 0.09), and these @entity5 were somewhat less likely to have a @entity876 mutation than @entity5 with other @entity984 mutations (P = 0.06). In the 59 @entity984 +/ @entity876 + @entity5 , 64% had the same type of mutation (transition or transversion) in both genes, suggesting a common mechanism. The mutational pattern of @entity876 in @entity788 is similar to @entity150 , another smoking-related @entity5 , but not to @entity2 . Analyses of molecular data, such as that performed here, present new avenues for epidemiologists in the study of the etiology of specific @entity5 .

title: Patterns of genetic alterations in XXXX : a pooled analysis.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: From January 1961 through December 1984, 253 of 2048 @entity1 who have undergone surgical treatment for @entity2 were retreated by palliative pulmonary resection. The indications of palliative resection were: there was partial @entity189 or metastatic lymph node left in the thorax; microscopically, @entity41 was found on bronchial stump margin. Operation modes: partial pulmonary resection 135, total pneumonectomy 118. @entity260 occurred in 25 cases and 17 died in the hospital with in 30 days. 236 cases were followed-up for 1 to 21 years. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates after operation were 51.3%, 13.1% and 8.1% respectively. The survival rates after palliative pulmonary resection for squamous and @entity420 were higher than thoracotomy but the survival rates of large undifferentiated, small cell and mixed @entity5 were similar to those of thoracotomy. Besides, @entity1 who had both subcarinal lymph node involvement and incomplete excision in resection had the worst prognosis. The authors consider that squamous and adeno @entity2 are the main indication for palliative resection. Subcarinal lymph nodes must be excised as much as possible while operation, otherwise local radiation and/or chemotherapy should be performed after operation.

title: [Palliative pulmonary resection for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['primary lung cancer', 'carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['primary lung cancer']


abstract: Adhesion molecules are important in cell-cell and cell-basement membrane interactions. They are intimately involved in inflammatory reactions and a role in @entity5 progression has been postulated. @entity4105 , @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ), and @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) play a role in cell adhesion to the vascular endothelium, and may have a role in @entity5 cell dissemination. Soluble forms of these molecules have been described and this study was established to examine these adhesion molecules in @entity1 with @entity0 . Serum was obtained from 92 @entity1 with @entity0 and 31 age-matched @entity1 with @entity1558 . All samples were obtained prior to surgery. Soluble levels of @entity4105 , @entity2071 , and @entity4725 were significantly elevated in @entity1 with Stage 4 disease compared with controls. ( @entity4105 88.6 (47.9) versus 51.4 (18.4) ng/ml; P<0.001: @entity2071 447 (249) versus 244 (79) ng/ml; P<0.001: @entity4725 779 (159) versus 552 (135) ng/ml; P<0.001 results expressed on mean (SEM) SD placed above this.). The prognostic value of the adhesion molecules was examined. In @entity1 with Stage 2 disease, elevated @entity4725 was predictive of decreased survival, even when corrected for T and N status. Adhesion molecules are elevated in @entity1 with @entity1442 and elevation in @entity4725 has prognostic significance in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Soluble adhesion molecules ( @entity4105 , @entity2071 and @entity4725 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['benign breast disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3085 , or @entity353 despite adequate nutrition, significantly impairs quality of life and response to therapy in @entity5 @entity1 . In @entity5 @entity1 , skeletal @entity2057 , @entity353 and mortality are all positively associated with increased serum cytokines, particularly @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and the presence of the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins, including @entity2002 and @entity5475 ( @entity5475 ) are synthesized by hepatocytes in response to @entity650 as part of the innate immune response. To gain insight into the relationships among these observations, we studied @entity19 with moderate and severe @entity694 @entity3085 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Moderate and severe C26 @entity3085 was associated with high serum @entity650 and @entity650 family cytokines and highly similar patterns of skeletal muscle gene expression. The top canonical pathways up-regulated in both were the complement/coagulation cascade, proteasome, MAPK signaling, and the @entity650 and @entity4104 pathways. @entity3085 was associated with increased muscle pY705- @entity4104 and increased @entity4104 localization in myonuclei. @entity4104 target genes, including @entity5740 mRNA and acute phase response proteins, were highly induced in cachectic muscle. @entity650 treatment and @entity4104 activation both also induced @entity2002 in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Quantitation of muscle versus liver @entity2002 and @entity5475 protein levels indicates that muscle contributes a large fraction of serum acute phase proteins in @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that the @entity4104 transcriptome is a major mechanism for wasting in @entity5 . Through @entity650 / @entity4104 activation, skeletal muscle is induced to synthesize acute phase proteins, thus establishing a molecular link between the observations of high @entity650 , increased acute phase response proteins and @entity2057 in @entity5 . These results suggest a mechanism by which @entity4104 might causally influence @entity2057 by altering the profile of genes expressed and translated in muscle such that @entity1522 liberated by increased proteolysis in @entity3085 are synthesized into acute phase proteins and exported into the blood.

title: @entity4104 activation in skeletal muscle links @entity2057 and the acute phase response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3085 :: ('MESH:D002100', 'Disease') :: ['cachexia', 'Cachexia']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle wasting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer cachexia']


abstract: This study investigated the incidence of cafeteria-diet induced @entity101 on hypothalamic @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtype gene expression in male, female, and neonatally @entity251 -imprinted female @entity35 . After 10 weeks of cafeteria diet, all these @entity35 were hyperleptinemic. In contrast, males and @entity251 -treated females developed @entity101 , whereas intact females remained normotensive. In these @entity35 , cafeteria diet up-regulated TH gene expression only in males and @entity251 -treated females. On the other hand, cafeteria diet differentially affected hypothalamic gene expression of alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtypes. In fact, this diet increased alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor mRNA levels only in intact normotensive females. In contrast, gene expression of the @entity64982 was up-regulated only in male and @entity251 -treated female cafeteria-fed @entity35 . Furthermore, an alpha(2C)-adrenoceptor gene over-expression was also induced, but only in male cafeteria-fed @entity35 . If one assumes that the up-regulations in TH and @entity64982 gene expression are indicative of increased sympathetic nervous activity, then, these altered gene expressions could be responsible for the maintenance of high blood pressure in male and @entity251 -treated female cafeteria-fed @entity35 . Conversely, in intact females, the absence of these over-expressions and the up-regulation of the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor gene expression could reflect an adaptive response to the diet and, consequently, could be protective against cafeteria diet-induced @entity101 . Moreover, neonatal @entity251 imprinting in females could have induced an irreversible android susceptibility to the cafeteria diet, leading to the onset of @entity101 .

title: Gender differences in hypothalamic @entity669 hydroxylase and alpha(2)-adrenoceptor subtype gene expression in cafeteria diet-induced XXXX and consequences of neonatal androgenization.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an increasing demand for noninvasive @entity1313 biomarkers to guide surgery and subsequent oncotherapy. We present a novel whole-brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) segmentation (D-SEG) to delineate @entity5 volumes of interest (VOIs) for subsequent classification of @entity5 type. D-SEG uses isotropic (p) and anisotropic (q) components of the diffusion tensor to segment regions with similar diffusion characteristics. METHODS: DTI scans were acquired from 95 @entity1 with low- and high-grade @entity11 , @entity3 , and @entity1653 and from 29 healthy subjects. D-SEG uses k-means clustering of the 2D (p,q) space to generate segments with different isotropic and anisotropic diffusion characteristics. RESULTS: Our results are visualized using a novel RGB color scheme incorporating p, q and T2-weighted information within each segment. The volumetric contribution of each segment to gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid spaces was used to generate healthy tissue D-SEG spectra. @entity5 VOIs were extracted using a semiautomated flood-filling technique and D-SEG spectra were computed within the VOI. Classification of @entity5 type using D-SEG spectra was performed using support vector machines. D-SEG was computationally fast and stable and delineated regions of healthy tissue from @entity5 and @entity4 . D-SEG spectra were consistent for each @entity5 type, with constituent diffusion characteristics potentially reflecting regional differences in tissue microstructure. Support vector machines classified @entity5 type with an overall accuracy of 94.7%, providing better classification than previously reported. CONCLUSIONS: D-SEG presents a user-friendly, semiautomated biomarker that may provide a valuable adjunct in noninvasive @entity1313 diagnosis and treatment planning.

title: XXXX classification using the diffusion tensor image segmentation (D-SEG) technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Brain tumor']


abstract: AIM: The aim is to determine the pattern of @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ) seen in two tertiary hospitals in Benghazi, Libya. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cohort includes all @entity1 of @entity14 who were presented between January 2007 and December 2009 to the Oncology Department, Aljomhoria Hospital and 7(th) October Hospital, Benghazi. @entity1 's age, gender, clinical presentation, location of @entity5 involvement, and histopathologic diagnosis were reviewed. @entity5 staging was carried out according to Astler Coller modification of Duke's system, dividing it into stage A to C depending upon the extent of local involvement and regional node spread. Stage D was added to account for distant @entity3 in accordance with Turnbull modification. RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity1 with @entity14 were included, 84 males (55%) and 68 females (45%) with a male to female ratio of 1.2:1.0. The mean age was 57.4    12.92 years (range 21-87 years). 18 (11.8%) @entity1 were below 40 years of age. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity548 and @entity490 and were together present in 71% of the @entity1 . The majority (67.8%) of @entity5 arise from rectum and sigmoid colon. More than one-third of the @entity1 had poorly differentiated @entity420 . Sixty @entity1 (39.5%) presented in stage D, whereas 30.9% (47/152) and 29.6% (45/152) of @entity1 were in stage B and stage C, respectively. None of the @entity1 had stage A at presentation. The radiological evaluation showed presence of liver @entity3 in 14 @entity1 (9.2%) and @entity358 in two @entity1 (1.3%). @entity417 was found in 56 @entity1 (36.8%). It was more common in females (P = 0.01) and in the right sided @entity5 (66.7%) than @entity5 (29.5%) (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity14 @entity1 in Benghazi were diagnosed in locally advanced or metastatic stage. In order to achieve early detection of @entity14 , a comprehensive @entity5 education program and screening of high risk population for @entity14 should be considered in this part of Libya.

title: Epidemiology and clinical findings of XXXX in two tertiary care hospitals in Benghazi, Libya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors', 'left sided tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival of locally advanced/unresectable @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has improved with the use of concurrent radiation and chemotherapy over the past decades, but local and distant failure remain high. In addition, a key limiting factor in combining chemotherapy with accelerated radiotherapy (ART) is severe @entity2910 . We investigated the @entity137 , response rate, and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) with induction @entity3003 and @entity1206 followed by concomitant topotecan and ART in @entity1 with locally advanced/unresectable @entity1149 . METHODS: In this phase II trial, stage IIIA or IIIB @entity1149 @entity1 with a Karnofsky performance score >60 were eligible. @entity1 received induction @entity3003 (area under the curve = 5.5) on days 1 and 22, and @entity1206 (25 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. During the concurrent chemoradiation, @entity1 received intravenous topotecan (0.5 mg/m2) on days 43 to 47, days 57 to 61, and days 71 to 75 before the morning radiotherapy (RT) fraction. RT was administered in an accelerated fashion at 2 Gy per fraction, twice daily for five consecutive days, every other week, to a cumulative dose of 60 Gy during a 5-week period. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity1 were accrued; of these, 35 were evaluable. Overall response rate was 71% (14% complete response, 57% partial response). Six of 35 (17%) @entity1 had stable disease. Four (11%) @entity1 progressed during treatment. At a median follow-up of 45 months for surviving @entity1 , the median survival based on Kaplan-Meier estimates is 17.9 months. @entity1349 at 1, 2, and 3 years is 62%, 41%, and 33%, respectively. Actuarial 5-year @entity1349 is 21%. The median time to first relapse is 12.2 months (9.1-24.7 months). There were no cases of grade 3 or 4 @entity2910 . CONCLUSIONS: This combined-modality regimen yielded encouraging @entity1349 rates, with no severe @entity2910 . Using four-dimensional RT treatment planning, we plan to further evaluate altered fractionation RT and chemotherapy for this group of @entity1 .

title: A prospective phase II study of induction @entity3003 and @entity1206 followed by concomitant topotecan and accelerated radiotherapy (ART) in locally advanced XXXX ( @entity1149 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: We aimed to describe the management and productivity of this group of smallholder dairy farmers in Kenya at the beginning of an intervention program and to document relevant observed changes in the 3rd year of the intervention. A 3-year intervention program, focused on management of @entity4409 and nutrition, and milk quality, was implemented by one Kenyan and two Canadian non-governmental organizations (one university based) to help improve the milk production and livelihoods of Kenyan smallholder dairy farmers (primarily @entity1 ). Thirty farmers were enrolled and completed questionnaires at the start and end of the project. Focus groups were also conducted to obtain qualitative information on livelihood effects from the program. In 2004, 70% of the eligible youngstock (more than 15 months of age) were pregnant, and @entity291 had a long average days-in-milk of 240 days. External parasites, poor hygiene, and long claws were not uncommon among @entity291 , and 37% and 20% of the farms reported clinical intestinal @entity4801 and @entity294 in youngstock. In 2006, there were significant improvements in the proportion of farms planting high-protein forages, farms using better milking procedures, and on-farm milk storage methods. The reported @entity1271 incidence rate fell from 0.55 to 0.20 cases/ @entity291 -year (p < 0.01), and the average number of @entity291 and youngstock significantly increased from 1.5 and 0.9 to 2.9 and 2.6, respectively. There were reported improvements in the livelihoods among the member families. The partnership-based intervention program significantly improved management and productivity of this group of smallholder dairy farmers in rural Kenya, leading to reported livelihood benefits.

title: Management, productivity and livelihood effects on Kenyan smallholder dairy farms from interventions addressing XXXX and nutrition and milk quality.

entities_list: @entity4409 :: ('MESH:D000820', 'Disease') :: ['animal health']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

answer: @entity4409 :: (MESH:D000820,Disease) :: ['animal health']


abstract: Is there a relationship between peri-ictal slow waves, @entity909 , memory, and slow-wave sleep, in @entity1 with different forms of @entity302 ? We hypothesize that mechanisms, which result in peri-ictal slow-wave activity as detected by the electroencephalogram, could negatively affect memory processes. Slow waves ( <=4   Hz) can be found in @entity410 with @entity1662 and also occur in focal @entity410 without @entity1662 but with inhibited access to memory functions. Peri-ictal slow waves are regarded as dysfunctional and are probably caused by mechanisms, which are essential to disturb the consolidation of memory entries in these @entity1 . This is in strong contrast to physiological slow-wave activity during deep sleep, which is thought to group memory-consolidating fast oscillatory activity. In @entity1 with @entity302 , slow waves may not only correlate with the peri-ictal clouding of consciousness, but could be the epiphenomenon of mechanisms, which interfere with normal brain function in a wider range. These mechanisms may have transient impacts on memory, such as temporary inhibition of memory systems, altered patterns of hippocampal-neocortical interactions during slow-wave sleep, or disturbed cross-frequency coupling of @entity73 . In addition, repeated @entity410 over the years in uncontrolled chronic @entity302 may cause a progressive @entity73 . This hypothesis can only be assessed in long-term prospective studies. These studies could disentangle the reversible short-term impacts of @entity410 , and the impacts of chronic uncontrolled @entity410 . @entity410 lead to irreversible @entity2414 . By contrast, short-term impacts do not necessarily lead to a progressive @entity73 but result in significantly @entity2414 performance.

title: Is There a Relation between EEG-Slow Waves and XXXX in @entity302 ? A Critical Appraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'Chronic uncontrolled seizures']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'slow and fast oscillations']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired peri-ictal memory', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity2414 :: (MESH:D008569,Disease) :: ['Memory Dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), @entity228 , @entity3403 , and artificial tears for the treatment of ocular surface damage in the Botulinum toxin B ( @entity24008 )-induced @entity19 model of @entity936 . METHODS: CBA/J @entity19 were randomized into 2 experimental groups of 35 animals each. The control group received a transconjunctival injection of 0.05 mL of saline into the left lacrimal gland, and another group was injected with 0.05 mL of 20 milliunits @entity24008 solution (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Three (3) days after intralacrimal gland injections, each group was equally randomized into 7 subgroups (n=5 each) to receive treatment unilaterally into their left eyes with topical artificial tears (0.5% carboxymethylcellulose @entity1372 ), 0.1% @entity11074 , 0.1% nepafenac, 0.4% @entity6058 , 0.09% bromfenac, 0.1% @entity3522 , or 0.025% @entity3403 . Tear volume, ocular surface changes, and spontaneous blink rate were evaluated in each of the 14 experimental subgroups. RESULTS: Topical @entity11074 , @entity21389 , and @entity3403 significantly improved corneal surface staining in the @entity24008 -injected @entity19 within 2 weeks of treatment. Topical @entity6058 , @entity3522 , and bromfenac, applied twice-daily, partially reduce corneal staining, and did so more slowly by the 4-week time point. In comparison, topical artificial tear-treated @entity19 did not demonstrate significant improvement of the corneal surface at any time point. Aqueous tear production in the @entity24008 -injected @entity11074 -treated group started to return to baseline level within 2 weeks, although not significantly. Meanwhile, @entity24008 -injected @entity19 treated with artificial tears, topical NSAIDs, and @entity3403 still exhibited a reduction in tear production up to 4 weeks. No significant differences in blink rate between the control and study groups undergoing the various treatments were noted at all time points. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests the potential usefulness of topical NSAIDs, @entity228 , and @entity3403 for the clinical treatment of ocular surface epithelial disorders associated with @entity936 .

title: Effects of topical anti-inflammatory agents in a botulinum toxin B-induced XXXX model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity21389 :: ('MESH:C414203', 'Chemical') :: ['nepafenac']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity11074 :: ('MESH:D005469', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorometholone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: AIM: To identify whether increased numbers of @entity75 are found in the presence of a post-traumatic pupillary function disturbance and classify them anatomically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, a diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed within 8 days after @entity131 ( @entity131 ) in @entity1 who had been unconscious for more than 24 hours post- @entity131 . The Glasgow Outcome Scale was evaluated 6 months after @entity131 . The data obtained from 140 consecutively enrolled @entity1 between 2005 and 2011 were analysed. The clinical study parameter comprised the development of post-traumatic anisocoria at least once over the course between onset of @entity130 and diagnostic MRI, as a yes/no decision. Significance was presumed at p<= 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 (41%) were found to have a lesion at MRI without involvement of the brainstem; in 83 (59%) the brainstem was (multiple) affected. Of the latter, 66 (46%) of @entity1 had lesions in the midbrain, 38 (27%) in the pons, and seven (5%) in the medulla oblongata. By the time of MRI, anisocoria had been diagnosed in 45 (32%) @entity1 . Mortality was highest, at 58%, in @entity1 with anisocoria and a @entity75 , whilst it was 23% in those with anisocoria and no lesion in the midbrain. Mortality was 33% in relation to a @entity75 without anisocoria. CONCLUSION: Overall, the study demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between @entity75 and post-traumatic anisocoria in unconscious @entity130 @entity1 . A brainstem lesion in this case can be assumed to be a pathomorphological correlate of anisocoria. The rate of damage to the midbrain was approximately 50% in cases of transient anisocoria. It can be assumed in this situation that there are functional disorders of the peripheral oculomotor nerve or identifiable/unidentifiable lesions of the brainstem.

title: MRI detection of XXXX in post-traumatic anisocoria: specificity and prognostic significance.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['midbrain lesion', 'brainstem lesions', 'midbrain lesions']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cerebral lesions']


abstract: It has been shown that the eye-blink response evoked by an abrupt loud white noise ('acoustic @entity427 ') is potentiated when the subjects anticipate an aversive stimulus, e.g. an @entity1457 ('fear-potentiated @entity427 '). It has been proposed that this paradigm may be a useful laboratory model of @entity1 @entity148 . We examined whether the threat of an @entity1457 , as used in the fear-potentiated @entity427 paradigm, would affect the pupillary light reflex, in 12 healthy volunteers. Light stimuli (0.32 mW/cm(2), 200 msec) were generated by a light-emitting diode, and pupil diameter was monitored by computerized binocular infrared television pupillometry in the dark. The light reflex was recorded during either the anticipation of a shock ('threat' blocks) or periods in which no shocks were anticipated ('safe' blocks). The shock consisted of a single square wave current pulse (1.5 mA, 50 msec) applied to the median nerve. At the end of each 'threat' or 'safe' block, subjects rated their @entity148 using visual analogue scales. Two-factor analysis of variance (condition x block) showed that in the 'threat' condition there was a consistent increase in initial pupil diameter, a decrease in light reflex amplitude and an increase in alertness and @entity148 ratings. These effects were observable before the subjects received any shock (a single stimulation of the median nerve). These results show that the anticipation of an @entity1457 can modify not only the @entity427 reflex response but also the pupillary light reflex, suggesting that the inhibition of the light reflex by threat may be another suitable laboratory model of @entity1 @entity148 .

title: The inhibition of the pupillary light reflex by the threat of an XXXX : a potential laboratory model of @entity1 @entity148 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['electric shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['electric shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To individualize treatment with @entity2983 for @entity31 relapses through a self-managed, web-based solution to optimize the short-term disease course. METHODS: Prospective, open-label, web-guided study with 3 months @entity2983 therapy among @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity31 . Once a week, @entity1 completed the simple clinical @entity1960 activity index (SCCAI) and registered fecal calprotectin (FC) on the web application: www.meza.constant-care.dk. SCCAI and FC were summed and resulted in a total inflammatory burden score (TIBS). Deep remission was defined as SCCAI  <=1; FC = 0, and TIBS  <=1. RESULTS: A total of 95 @entity1 (62% females; median age 45 yr) were included in the study and allocated 4.8 g @entity2983 per day. Of these, 82 (86%) @entity1 were adherent to web therapy, completing 3 months of web-guided @entity2983 therapy. Of the 82 adherent @entity1 , 72 (88%) continued @entity2983 and 10 (12%) needed rescue therapy. From weeks 0 to 12, @entity1 had experienced a significant reduction in mean SCCAI (4.6 versus 1.6, P < 0.001), mean FC (437 versus 195, P < 0.001), and mean TIBS (6.7 versus 2.4, P < 0.001). Based on TIBS values ( <=1), the dose of @entity2983 was reduced to 2.4 g in 25% of @entity1 at week 3 in 50% of subjects at week 5 and in 88% of @entity1 at week 12. CONCLUSIONS: Web-guided therapy with @entity2983 in mild-to-moderate @entity31 helps to individualize the dose and improve adherence to therapy. The study confirms @entity2983 efficacy in mild-to-moderate UC, significantly improving TIBS values in majority of the @entity1 .

title: eHealth: individualization of XXXX treatment through a self-managed web-based solution in mild-to-moderate @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['mesalazine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed graft function (DGF) has been identified as one of the principal correlates of poor graft survival in cadaveric renal transplantation. However, its risk factors and clinical predictors have been poorly elucidated. METHODS: We analyzed the risk factors of DGF with a specific emphasis on the role of histological damage of donor kidney. Then, we also studied the impact of DGF, and donor factors affecting DGF, on kidney graft function over the first year after engraftment in 100 consecutive cadaveric renal transplant (Tx) recipients. RESULTS: The organs displaying DGF (n=48) had a significantly higher degree of @entity8 and tubular atrophy (P<0.01), as well as of interstitial @entity82 and @entity1504 (P<0.02) in time-zero biopsies. In @entity1 who received an "ideal" organ for Tx (total histological score < or = 4), DGF showed a strong relationship with Deltaage D-R (70% increase of risk for donors 10 years older than recipients), and with the histological score (odds ratio 1.34). In contrast, donor @entity101 was the most relevant variable independently associated with DGF (odds ratio 19.4) in @entity1 receiving a suboptimal organ (histological score >4). Moreover, DGF and donor @entity101 adversely affected graft function at 1 year, but only in Tx @entity1 with a histological score >4 in time-zero biopsy. Of note, both @entity1 with and those without DGF showed a very low incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (8.5 and 6.8%, respectively) and a rather short cold @entity63 time (<16 hr). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the quality of the transplanted organ and the occurrence of DGF are strictly related to each other and can influence graft function through apparently nonimmune mechanisms. In addition, long-standing donor @entity101 is a strong independent variable affecting both DGF and graft function of suboptimal cadaveric kidneys, at least up to 1 year.

title: XXXX is an independent predictor of delayed graft function and worse renal function only in kidneys with chronic pathological lesions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It was reported that @entity21368 ( @entity21368 ) gene polymorphism and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake were associated with body antioxidant capacity. The oxidative/anti-oxidative imbalance played an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . However, the association of @entity21368 genotype, dietary FV consumption with body antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly is not clear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine the association of @entity21368 genotype, and dietary FV intake, with antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly. METHODS: Food frequency questionnaire was used to collect data of dietary FV intakes in 504 community dwelling elderly aged from 55 to 75 years old. @entity9164 and @entity4192 genotypes were determined by using multiple-PCR method. Plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant biomarkers were measured. Cognitive function was measured by using Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Statistical analysis was applied for exploring the association of @entity21368 genotype and FV intake with antioxidant biomarkers level and cognitive function in the elderly. RESULTS: Individual @entity9164 or @entity4192 gene deletion affects body antioxidant biomarkers levels, including erythrocyte @entity21368 activity, plasma total antioxidant capacity, and @entity2041 levels. @entity9164 and/or @entity4192 gene deletion have no effects on cognitive function in the surveyed @entity1 . The effect of @entity21368 genotype on antioxidant biomarkers are FV intake dependent. There is interaction of FV intake and @entity21368 genotype on cognitive function in the elderly. CONCLUSION: @entity21368 genotype or daily FV consumption impact body antioxidant biomarkers, but not cognitive function in the elderly. There were combined effects of @entity21368 genotype and FV consumption on cognitive function in the elderly population. Large scale perspective population study is required to explore the association of @entity21368 genetic polymorphism, FV consumption and antioxidant biomarkers and cognitive function in the elderly.

title: Effects of @entity9164 / XXXX Gene Polymorphism and Fruit _ Vegetable Consumption on Antioxidant Biomarkers and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity21368 :: ('373156', 'Gene') :: ['GST', 'Glutathione S-transferase']

answer: @entity4192 :: (2952,Gene) :: ['GSTT1']


abstract: Introduction.    @entity602 ( @entity602 ) is an effective treatment option for @entity9 . However, because of the obvious procedural issues, @entity602 is unable to reach certain areas, such as the face, thorax, coccyx, the cervico-dorsal and lumbar areas, and the sacral, abdominal, and inguinal regions. On the other hand, these areas are easily reached by subcutaneous field stimulation. Methodology.    We report the analgesic results, using a @entity227 ( @entity227 ), of five @entity1 with @entity9 treated with subcutaneous field stimulation to the area. We also discuss the probable mechanism of action, and highlight the technical issues inherent to this approach. Results.    Significant @entity158 in analgesic medication were reported in all @entity1 during the study period, with @entity227 scores consistently lowered by more than 50% from baseline levels. As a result of @entity158 reduction, the @entity1 ' quality of life improved. There were no adverse events reported except for early electrode array displacement in two of our @entity1 . Conclusion.    When @entity602 is not appropriate for certain @entity9 , subcutaneous field stimulation may be used with some degree of efficacy.

title: Peripheral subcutaneous neurostimulation in the management of XXXX : five case reports.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analog scale', 'VAS']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord stimulation', 'SCS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain reduction and reduction']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuropathic pain syndromes']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: It is well known that @entity1355 fibers induced genotoxicity is mediated by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and insufficient endogenous antioxidant protection. Asbestos exposure can result in ROS generation in two different ways: (a) by catalyzation of @entity8798 , which is present in @entity1355 fibers, and (b) via oxidative bursts during phagocytosis of the fibers. On the other hand, it has been discussed that the physical presence of the fibres may mechanically influence the normal segregation of chromosomes during mitosis resulting in the induction of micronuclei in late ana/telophase, and @entity2007 . @entity2041 and the @entity2041 redox system protect cells from the oxidative damage after exposure to xenobiotics. @entity2041 depletion occurs during oxidative stress conditions and it is observed that supplementation of a precursor of @entity2041 and other sulphur containing compounds results in reduced @entity137 . In the present study, @entity12971 ( @entity22770 ), a lipid soluble allyl sulphur compound present in fresh extracts of garlic was evaluated for its protective effects. The micronucleus (MN) assay was performed in @entity1 mesothelial cells (HMC) exposed to 1 microg/cm(2) of @entity17110 and chrysotile. Simultaneously, the cells were treated with 5 and 10 microM DAS, incubated for 48 and 66 h. Asbestos fibers induced significant @entity74 in HMC. The assay revealed a significant reduction in MN induction after treatment of cells with 5 microM but not with 10 microM DAS in mesothelial cells. The study revealed that at appropriate concentrations DAS protects mesothlelial cells against @entity1355 induced genotoxicity.

title: @entity12971 attenuates XXXX -induced genotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione', 'Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic damage']

answer: @entity1355 :: (MESH:D001195,Disease) :: ['asbestos']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4149 kinase inhibitors (TKI) have revolutionized the treatment of @entity674 ( @entity674 ) although most @entity1 develop resistance to first and second-line therapies. @entity8486 , an oral multi-targeted TKI, has demonstrated benefit in previously treated @entity674 @entity1 . METHODS: We assessed safety and activity of @entity8486 in @entity1 treated within the Managed Access Program (MAP). All consecutive @entity1 with advanced @entity674 who had progressed on or were intolerant to @entity2213 and @entity2240 were recruited from the Royal Marsden and University College Hospitals. We retrospectively reviewed the data for response, @entity137 , treatment duration and survival. Response was assessed by RECIST and Choi criteria. @entity137 was graded according to CTCAE v4.0 criteria. RESULTS: 20 @entity1 were included in the MAP in the UK between 3/2013 and 9/2013. Median age was 68 (range 45-87), 65% of @entity1 were male. Performance Status was 0-1 for 18 @entity1 (90%), 2 for 2 @entity1 (10%). The median treatment duration was 9.25  months (range 0.1-15.33). 18 @entity1 were assessable for response and all @entity1 attained a best response of at least stable disease. At a median follow-up of 12.6  months, there were 2 partial responses (11%) by RECIST and 7 partial responses (39%) according to Choi criteria. 7 @entity1 remain on @entity8486 . 3 @entity1 discontinued treatment due to unacceptable adverse events; fistulation, @entity925 and fatigue. 10 (50%) @entity1 had grade 3 @entity137 and 11 (55%) @entity1 required a dose reduction. Median PFS was 9.4  months (95% Cl: 6.2-not calculable) and median OS was 12.2  months (95% Cl: 10.5-not calculable). Notably, prolonged stable disease was seen in 1 @entity1 with exon 9 mutation and 1 @entity1 with @entity3820 @entity14812 mutation. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate encouraging activity and tolerability of @entity8486 in routine clinical practice. The documented adverse events are in line with previous trial data.

title: XXXX treatment for advanced, @entity674 : a report of the UK managed access program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

answer: @entity8486 :: (MESH:C559147,Chemical) :: ['Regorafenib']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between liver @entity82 and the occurrence of @entity385 is unknown. We investigated the correlation between liver @entity82 assessed with transient elastography (TE) and the risk of @entity385 . METHODS: Between April 2013 and August 2014, @entity1 with acute @entity385 and subjects who underwent a health check-up were included in the study. Liver fibrotic burden was assessed with TE in all @entity1 . The degree of liver @entity82 was compared between groups by using various multiple logistic regression models and propensity-score matched analyses. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-five @entity1 with @entity385 ( @entity64 group) and 1942 subjects with health check-up (control group) were included. The mean @entity409 ( @entity409 ) on TE (5.6 vs. 4.1  kPa) and the proportion of significant @entity82 (>8  kPa) (9.2% vs. 1.8%) were significantly higher in the @entity64 than in the control group (all p<0.05). These trends were observed regardless of body mass index, the degree of @entity1560 , and @entity209 (all p<0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity385 was 1.268 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.183-1.358) per 1  kPa increase and 12.033 (95% CI 5.180-27.948) for significant @entity82 , compared with no @entity82 (all p  <  0.05). Propensity-score matched analysis also confirmed that liver @entity82 was independently associated with the risk of @entity385 (OR 1.804 [95% CI 1.461-2.230] per 1  kPa increase, 13.184 [95% CI 3.127-55.645] for significant @entity82 , compared with no @entity82 ; all p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of liver @entity82 , assessed with TE, was significantly associated with the risk of @entity385 .

title: Liver fibrosis assessed with transient elastography is an independent risk factor for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Resective surgery for @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) with a @entity75 has been established as an effective and safe procedure. Surgery for @entity1315 with bilateral @entity131 or without correspondent lesions, however, carries a higher risk of devastating memory decline, underscoring the importance of establishing the memory-dominant side preoperatively and adopting the most appropriate procedure. In this study, we focused on high gamma activities (HGAs) in the parahippocampal gyri and investigated the relationship between memory-related HGAs and memory outcomes after @entity131 ( @entity131 ), a hippocampal counterpart to neocortical multiple subpial transection. The transient nature of memory worsening after @entity131 provided us with a rare opportunity to compare HGAs and clinical outcomes without risking permanent @entity2414 . METHODS: We recorded electrocorticography from parahippocampal gyri of 18 @entity1 with @entity1315 while they executed picture naming and recognition tasks. Memory-related HGA was quantified by calculating differences in power amplification of electrocorticography signals in a high gamma range (60-120  Hz) between the two tasks. We compared memory-related HGAs from correctly recognized and rejected trials (hit-HGA and reject-HGA). Using hit-HGA, we determined HGA-dominant sides and compared them with memory outcomes after @entity131 performed on seven @entity1 . RESULTS: We observed memory-related HGA mainly between 500 and 600  msec poststimulus. Hit-HGA was significantly higher than reject-HGA. Three @entity1 who had surgery on the HGA-dominant side experienced transient memory worsening postoperatively. The postoperative memory functions of the other four @entity1 remained unchanged. SIGNIFICANCE: Parahippocampal HGA was indicated to reflect different memory processes and be compatible with the outcomes of @entity131 , suggesting that HGA could provide predictive information on whether the mesial temporal lobe can be resected without causing memory worsening. This preliminary study suggests a refined surgical strategy for atypical @entity1315 based on reliable memory lateralization.

title: The significance of parahippocampal high gamma activity for memory preservation in surgical treatment of atypical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hippocampal transection', 'hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['correspondent lesion']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy', 'MTLE', 'mesial temporal lobe epilepsy', 'temporal lobe epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: Volatile anaesthetics such as @entity1508 , @entity5161 and @entity2614 inhibit membrane currents contributing to the ventricular action potential. Transmural variation in the extent of current blockade induces differential effects on action potential duration (APD) in the endocardium and epicardium which may be pro-arrhythmic. Biophysical modelling techniques were used to simulate the functional impact of anaesthetic-induced blockade of membrane currents on APD and effective refractory period (ERP) in @entity35 endocardial and epicardial cell models. Additionally, the transmural conduction of excitation waves in 1-dimensional cell arrays, the tissue's vulnerability to arrhythmogenesis and dynamic behaviour of re-entrant excitation in 2-dimensional cell arrays were studied. Simulated anaesthetic exposure reduced APD and ERP in both epicardial and endocardial cell models. The reduction in APD was greater in endocardial than epicardial cells, reducing transmural APD dispersion consistent with experimental data. However, the transmural ERP dispersion was augmented. All three anaesthetics increased the width of the tissue's vulnerable window during which a premature stimulus could induce unidirectional conduction block but only @entity1508 reduced the critical size of ventricular substrates necessary to initiate and sustain re-entrant excitation. All three anaesthetics accelerated the rate of re-entrant excitation waves, but only @entity1508 prolonged the lifespan of re-entry. These data illustrate in silico, that modest changes in ion channel conductance abbreviate @entity35 ventricular APD and ERP, reduce transmural APD dispersion, but augment transmural ERP dispersion. These changes collectively enhance the propensity for @entity943 generation and provide a substrate for re-entry circuits with a longer half life than in control conditions.

title: Modelling changes in transmural propagation and susceptibility to XXXX induced by volatile anaesthetics in ventricular tissue.

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmia']


abstract: Chronic cold exposure induces functionally thermogenic mitochondria in the inguinal white @entity1958 tissue (iWAT) of @entity19 . Whether this response occurs in pathophysiological states remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of severe burn @entity130 on iWAT mitochondrial function in @entity19 . Male BALB/c @entity19 (10-12 weeks) received full-thickness scald burns to    30% of the body surface area. Inguinal white @entity1958 tissue was harvested from @entity19 at 1, 4, 10, 20, and 40 days postinjury. Total and @entity4305 ( @entity4305 )-dependent mitochondrial thermogenesis were determined in iWAT. @entity64443 activity was determined as a proxy of mitochondrial abundance. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess iWAT morphology and @entity4305 expression. @entity4305 -dependent respiration was significantly greater at 4 and 10 days after burn compared with sham, peaking at 20 days after burn (P < 0.001). @entity64443 activity was threefold greater at 4, 10, 20, and 40 days after burn versus sham (P < 0.05). Per mitochondrion, @entity4305 function increased after burn @entity130 (P < 0.05). After burn @entity130 , iWAT exhibited numerous multilocular lipid droplets that stained positive for @entity4305 . The current findings demonstrate the induction of thermogenically competent mitochondria within rodent iWAT in a model of severe burn @entity130 . These data identify a specific pathology that induces the browning of white @entity1958 tissue in vivo and may offer a mechanistic explanation for the chronic hypermetabolism observed in burn victims.

title: Severe @entity130 Induces Thermogenically Functional Mitochondria in XXXX White @entity1958 Tissue.

entities_list: @entity4305 :: ('22227(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Uncoupling protein 1', 'UCP1', 'uncoupling protein 1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: The content of @entity56580 , an @entity12307 present in all biological membranes, was determined in isolated sinusoidal liver cells after treatment of @entity35 for 2 and 4 months with a low dosage of the hepatotoxin @entity7008 . The significant decrease in @entity56580 observed in hepatocytes after 2 months might be explained by peroxidation of the @entity12307 . At the same time point, @entity904 was retained, and decreased only after 4 months of treatment. After 4 months of treatment therefore both lipids decreased. In a subfraction of hepatic stellate cells, Ito-1 cells, the main storage site of @entity904 , @entity56580 decreased significantly only after 4 months. A remarkable difference from hepatocytes is that in Ito-1 cells @entity904 content significantly decreased after 2 months of treatment. In another subfraction, Ito-2 cells, the content of the two @entity6399 decreased in parallel. This heterogeneous subfraction might represent those transitional hepatic stellate cells that, while losing @entity904 , are in the process of differentiating into myofibroblasts secreting extracellular matrix components. In Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells, impairment of @entity56580 might be observed later, only after 4 months of treatment, while @entity904 decreases uniformly over time. Starting after two months of treatment, the decrease of @entity56580 and the increase of @entity904 in hepatocytes, at the same time as @entity904 decreases in hepatic stellate cells, might be taken as an early index of incipient @entity99 due to @entity7008 . This hypothesis is discussed with regard to a role of @entity56580 in the modulation of membrane fluidity for intracellular and intercellular @entity904 transport.

title: XXXX content in isolated sinusoidal liver cells after in vivo chronic treatment with @entity7008 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoids']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A', 'retinol']

entities_list: @entity12307 :: ('CHEBI:24913', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenoid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity56580 :: (MESH:D004286,Chemical) :: ['Dolichol']


abstract: Isolated @entity3979 ( @entity850 ) is a rare disease of unknown etiology. Five cases of @entity850 were observed amongst 700 elective coronary bypass @entity1 , and were compared with 111 cases of @entity731 ( @entity851 ) to clarify clinical characteristics. Mean age for @entity851 @entity1 was 61.2 years, while, it was 43.0 years for @entity850 @entity1 . 4 @entity1 out of the 5 cases (80%) in the @entity850 group were female, but there were only 10 females (9%) in the @entity851 group. 60% of the @entity850 group presented @entity1459 without any episodes of @entity583 . 69.4% of the @entity851 group presented @entity5749 , and 42% had a previous @entity583 . Left ventricular function was well preserved in the @entity850 group compared to the @entity851 group. Aorto-coronary bypass grafting was the only surgical method of our choice in both groups. The average number of grafts were 2.2 for the @entity850 group, and 2.4 for @entity851 group. Operative mortality was 0% for the @entity850 group and 0.9% for the @entity851 group. Clinical and angiographic profiles of @entity850 suggest that this group may represent a distinct entity, different from the more common atherosclerotic left @entity850 . Coronary bypass grafting can provide good operative prognosis in @entity850 as well as in left @entity850 .

title: Isolated @entity3979 compared with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary ostial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic left main trunk disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['ostial stenosis', 'OS', 'main trunk stenosis']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['left main trunk disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) loading in @entity1 with @entity159 ( @entity159 ) or @entity410 . METHODS: Retrospective review was performed on 40 pediatric @entity1 with intravenous @entity2052 loading. @entity1 were classified into two groups: @entity159 (n = 18) and @entity410 (n = 22). Thirty-one @entity1 were @entity2052 na  ve and received a full loading dose of 25 mg/kg; nine had subtherapeutic plasma @entity2052 levels and received a partial loading dose. Average infusion rate was 2.8 mg/kg/min. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after infusion. RESULTS: Intravenous @entity2052 loading stopped @entity410 in 18 @entity1 with @entity159 within 20 min. All 18 @entity1 regained baseline mental status within 1 h of @entity410 cessation. Among 22 @entity1 with @entity410 , only one had further @entity410 after @entity2052 infusion. One @entity1 in the @entity159 group complained of transient @entity400 . No significant changes in blood pressure or heart rate were found in either group. Postinfusion plasma @entity2052 levels ranged from 51 to 138 microg/ml (mean +/- SD = 88 +/- 21.5 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity2052 loading is safe and effective for treating @entity410 in @entity1 .

title: Safety and efficacy of intravenous XXXX in pediatric @entity159 and @entity410 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'acute repetitive seizures', 'seizures', 'acute seizure emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: 1. The @entity116 toxin @entity410 model, which is associated with spontaneous and intermittent generalized and non-generalized @entity410 , is considered to reflect @entity1 complex partial @entity302 . The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the anticonvulsant effects of @entity2049 with that of @entity4677 , a new anti- @entity302 drug in this model. 2. One microl of @entity116 toxin solution (containing 12 mLD(50) microl(-1) of @entity116 toxin) was placed stereotactically into the @entity35 left hippocampus resulting in generalized and non-generalized @entity410 . 3. @entity2049 (4 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) and levetiracetam (8 and 16 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) were administered during a 7 day period via an osmotic minipump which was placed in the peritoneal cavity. @entity2049 (4 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) exhibited no significant anticonvulsant effect, compared to control, when the entire 7 day study period was evaluated but the reduction in generalized @entity410 was greater (35.5%) than that for non-generalized @entity410 (12.6%). However, during the first 2 days of @entity2049 administration a significant reduction in both generalized @entity410 frequency (90%) and duration (25%) was observed. Non-generalized @entity410 were unaffected. This time-dependent anticonvulsant effect exactly paralleled the central (CSF) and peripheral (serum) kinetics of @entity2049 in that steady-state concentrations declined over time, with the highest concentrations achieved during the first 2 days. Also there was a significant 27.3% reduction in duration of generalized @entity410 during the 7 day study period (P=0.0001). 4. Levetiracetam administration (8 and 16 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) was associated with a dose-dependent reduction in the frequency of both generalized (39 v 57%) and non-generalized (36 v 41%) @entity410 . However, @entity410 suppression was more substantial for generalized @entity410 . Also a significant dose-dependent reduction in overall generalized @entity410 duration was observed. 5. These data provide experimental evidence for the clinical efficacy of levetiracetam for the management of @entity1 with complex partial @entity410 . Furthermore, levetiracetam probably does not act by preventing ictogenesis per se but acts to reduce @entity410 severity and @entity410 generalization.

title: A comparison of the efficacy of @entity2049 and the novel anti- @entity302 drug levetiracetam in the @entity116 toxin model of focal complex partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Western @entity1 with @entity356 often present with incurable disease. The role of palliative surgical resection is still debatable. Non-curatively treated @entity1 from the Dutch @entity356 Trial were studied to define more accurately which @entity1 might benefit from palliative resection. METHODS: In the Dutch @entity356 Trial 285 (26 per cent) of the randomized @entity1 were found to have incurable @entity5 at laparotomy. Four signs of incurability were noted: irresectable @entity1619 (T+), hepatic @entity3 (H+), peritoneal @entity3 (P+) and distant lymph node @entity3 (N4+). @entity1 had either an explorative laparotomy, a gastroenterostomy, or a resection (partial or total). In the analysis, particular attention was paid to the prognostic factors of age, number of metastatic features, and a combination of these. RESULTS: Overall survival time was greater if a resection was performed (8.1 versus 5.4 months; P < 0.001). For @entity1 aged over 70 years there was still a survival advantage of about 3 months if resection was carried out. Morbidity and perioperative mortality rates in this older age group were, however, high (50 and 20 per cent respectively). For @entity1 with one metastatic site a resection was of significant benefit (survival 10.5 versus 6.7 months; P = 0.034). For @entity1 with two or more metastatic sites resection had no significant survival advantage (5.7 versus 4.6 months; P = 0.084). Combination of these factors indicates that @entity1 aged less than 70 years with one metastatic site will benefit significantly from a palliative resection, in contrast to other combinations of factors. CONCLUSION: Age as well as the number of metastatic sites should be taken into account when a palliative resection is considered. Palliative resection may be beneficial for @entity1 under 70 years of age if the @entity1619 load is restricted to one metastatic site.

title: Value of palliative resection in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Four ruminally cannulated dairy @entity291 were used to examine the effect of diet on the AA composition of rumen bacteria and protozoa, and the flow of microbial and nonmicrobial AA entering the omasal canal. @entity291 were offered grass-red clover silage alone, or that supplemented with 5.1 kg @entity3918 of @entity2247 , 1.9 kg @entity3918 of rapeseed meal, or 5.1 kg @entity3918 of @entity2247 and 1.9 kg @entity3918 of rapeseed meal according to a 4 x 4 Latin square design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. During the first 10 d of each period, @entity291 had free access to silage and, thereafter intake was restricted to 95% of ad libitum intake. Postruminal digesta flow was assessed using the omasal canal sampling technique in combination with a triple marker method. Liquid- (LAB) and particle- (PAB) associated bacteria were isolated from digesta in the reticulorumen and protozoa from digesta entering the omasal canal. Microbial protein flow was determined using 15N as a microbial marker. Flows of AA entering the omasal canal were similar in @entity291 fed silage diets supplemented with @entity2247 or rapeseed meal. However, rapeseed meal increased nonmicrobial AA flow while @entity2247 increased the flow of AA associated with LAB and protozoa. Diet had negligible effects on the AA profile of microbial fractions. Comparison of AA profiles across diets indicated differences between LAB and PAB for 10 out of 17 AA measured. Rumen bacteria and protozoa were found to be different for 14 out of 15 AA measured. For grass silage-based diets, energy and protein supplementations appear to alter postruminal AA supply through modifications in the proportionate contribution of microbial and nonmicrobial pools to total protein flow rather than as a direct result of changes in the AA profile of microbial protein.

title: Supplementing @entity2247 or rapeseed meal to dairy XXXX fed grass-red clover silage: II. Amino acid profile of microbial fractions.

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: A monotypic @entity359 of the nasal cavity in a 34-year-old @entity1 is described. @entity5 cells were spindled or epithelioid and contained glycogen and diastase-resistant PAS-positive granules. There were few mitoses, and @entity39 was absent, indicating a @entity5 . The stroma was markedly vascular, and a few adipocytes were seen in one area. Cells were positive for melanocyte and muscle markers. Electron microscopy revealed abundant dense granules. Although melanin was absent histochemically, it was present using a chemical assay, and the granules may, therefore, be atypical melanosomes. Fine actin filaments, attachment plaques and lamina were present. Initial assessment of the lesion indicated @entity320 , but the immunostaining and histologic features indicated monotypic @entity359 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case in the nasal cavity.

title: Monotypic XXXX of the nasal cavity: a heretofore undescribed occurrence.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']