abstract: CONTEXT: The Lifestyle Heart Trial demonstrated that intensive lifestyle changes may lead to regression of @entity453 after 1 year. OBJECTIVES: To determine the feasibility of @entity1 to sustain intensive lifestyle changes for a total of 5 years and the effects of these lifestyle changes (without lipid-lowering drugs) on @entity301 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted from 1986 to 1992 using a randomized invitational design. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity301 were randomized to an intensive lifestyle change group or to a usual-care control group, and 35 completed the 5-year follow-up quantitative coronary arteriography. SETTING: Two tertiary care university medical centers. INTERVENTION: Intensive lifestyle changes (10% fat whole foods vegetarian diet, aerobic exercise, stress management training, smoking cessation, group psychosocial support) for 5 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adherence to intensive lifestyle changes, changes in coronary artery percent diameter stenosis, and @entity299 . RESULTS: Experimental group @entity1 (20 [71%] of 28 @entity1 completed 5-year follow-up) made and maintained comprehensive lifestyle changes for 5 years, whereas control group @entity1 (15 [75%] of 20 @entity1 completed 5-year follow-up) made more moderate changes. In the experimental group, the average percent diameter stenosis at baseline decreased 1.75 absolute percentage points after 1 year (a 4.5% relative improvement) and by 3.1 absolute percentage points after 5 years (a 7.9% relative improvement). In contrast, the average percent diameter stenosis in the control group increased by 2.3 percentage points after 1 year (a 5.4% relative worsening) and by 11.8 percentage points after 5 years (a 27.7% relative worsening) (P=.001 between groups. Twenty-five @entity299 occurred in 28 experimental group @entity1 vs 45 events in 20 control group @entity1 during the 5-year follow-up (risk ratio for any event for the control group, 2.47 [95% confidence interval, 1.48-4.20]). CONCLUSIONS: More regression of @entity453 occurred after 5 years than after 1 year in the experimental group. In contrast, in the control group, @entity453 continued to progress and more than twice as many @entity299 occurred.

title: Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Emergency tracheal intubation has achieved high success and low complication rates in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of post-intubation CA and determine the clinical factors associated with this complication. METHODS: A matched case-control study with a case to control ratio of 1   3 was conducted at an urban tertiary care center between January 2007 and December 2011. @entity3124 adult @entity1 requiring emergency airway management in the @entity341 were included. The primary endpoint was post-intubation CA, defined as CA within 10 minutes after tracheal intubation. Clinical variables were compared between @entity1 with post-intubation CA and @entity1 without CA who were individually matched based on age, sex, and pre-existing comorbidities. RESULTS: Of 2,403 @entity1 who underwent emergency tracheal intubation, 41 @entity1 (1.7%) had a post-intubation CA within 10 minutes of the procedure. The most common initial rhythm was pulseless electrical activity (78.1%). @entity1 experiencing CA had higher in-hospital mortality than @entity1 without CA (61.0% vs. 30.1%; p<0.001). @entity551 prior to intubation, defined as a systolic blood pressure  <=90 mmHg, was independently associated with post-intubation CA (OR, 3.67 [95% CI, 1.58-8.55], p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Early post-intubation CA occurred with an approximate 2% frequency in the @entity341 . @entity551 before intubation is associated with this complication, which has potentially significant implications for clinicians at the time of intubation.

title: Factors associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrest after emergency tracheal intubation in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Overexpression of @entity23738 ( @entity23738 ) mRNA has been previously described in @entity263 . Of its four isoforms, FGF8b is thought to be the most important in @entity105 . We hypothesised that immunodetection of FGF8b in @entity263 specimens is of potential prognostic value. Using a selected cohort of @entity263 from transurethral (n=30) and radical prostatectomies (n=59), an optimised protocol for FGF8b immunoreactivity was used to corroborate expression with clinical parameters. No expression was observed in benign prostates (n=10). In @entity263 , immunoreactivity was localised to the malignant epithelium with weak signals in the adjacent stroma. Expression of FGF8b in stage T1 and T2 @entity5 were 40 and 67%, respectively. In contrast, FGF8b expression was present in 94% of T3 and 100% of T4 @entity5 . By histological grade, FGF8b was found in 41% of @entity5 (Gleason score 4-6), 60% of intermediate-grade @entity5 (Gleason score 7 and 92% of high-grade @entity5 (Gleason score 8-10). The intensity of expression was significantly associated with stage (P=0.0004) and grade (P<0.0001) of disease. We further hypothesised that FGF8b overexpression resulted from enhanced transcription and translation rather than from abnormalities involving the @entity23738 gene locus. This was tested by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation in 20 @entity5 specimens to map the @entity23738 gene locus. @entity23738 gene copy number in benign and malignant nuclei was found to be similar (2.33+/-0.57 and 2.0+/-0.81, respectively P=0.51). Based on these findings, we propose a multicentre study on cohorts of @entity1 to further evaluate FGF8b as a potential prognostic marker in @entity263 .

title: XXXX isoform b expression in @entity1 @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumours', 'archival prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'low-grade cancers']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity23738 :: ('2253', 'Gene') :: ['FGF8', 'fibroblast growth factor 8']

answer: @entity23738 :: (2253,Gene) :: ['FGF8']


abstract: @entity66 occur in @entity298 ( @entity298 ). These abnormalities reflect changes in hydration, nutrition, and body fat, and they are of major clinical significance. Clinical assessment of these body compartments is insensitive and inaccurate. Frequently, simultaneous changes of hydration, wasting, and body fat content can occur, confounding clinical assessment of each component. Body composition can be described by models of varying complexity that use one or more measurement techniques. "Gold standard" methods provide accurate and precise data, but are not practical for routine clinical use. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry allows for measurement of regional as well as whole-body composition, which can provide further information of clinical relevance. Simpler techniques such as anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis are suited to routine use in clinic or at the bedside, but may be less accurate. Body composition methodology sometimes makes assumptions regarding relationships between components, particularly in regard to hydration, which may be invalid in pathologic states. Uncritical application of these methods to the @entity298 @entity1 may result in erroneous interpretation of results. Understanding the foundations and limitations of body composition techniques allows for optimal application in clinical practice.

title: Body composition analysis techniques in adult and pediatric XXXX : how reliable are they? How useful are they clinically?

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Complex abnormalities of body composition']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To assess the efficacy of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) of @entity438 for recurrence, @entity548 , and de novo @entity439 formation at long-term follow-up (> 10 years after treatment) with magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and to identify risk factors for recurrence through a prospective study and a systematic review of the literature. Materials and Methods Clinical examinations and 3-T MR angiography were performed prospectively 10 years after @entity34 of @entity438 in a single institution. Ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched to identify studies in which authors reported @entity548 and/or @entity439 rates in @entity1 who received follow-up more than 10 years after @entity34 . Univariate and multivariate subgroup analyses were performed to identify risk factors (midterm MR angiographic results, @entity439 characteristics, retreatment within 5 years). Results In the prospective study, sac recanalization occurred between midterm and long-term MR angiography in 16 of 129 (12.4%) @entity439 . Grade 2 classification on the Raymond scale at midterm MR angiography (relative risk [RR], 4.16; 99% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12, 8.14) and retreatment within 5 years (RR, 4.67; 99% CI: 1.55, 14.03) were risk factors for late recurrence. In the systematic review (15 cohorts, 2773 @entity1 , 2902 @entity439 ), @entity548 , @entity439 , and de novo lesion formation rates were, respectively, 0.7% (99% CI: 0.2%, 2.7%; I(2), 0%; one of 694 @entity1 ), 11.4% (99% CI: 7.0%, 18.0%; I(2), 21.6%), and 4.1% (99% CI: 1.7, 9.4%; I(2), 54.1%). Raymond grade 2 initial result (RR, 7.08; 99% CI: 1.24, 40.37; I(2), 82.6%) and @entity439 size greater than 10 mm (RR, 4.37; 99% CI: 1.83, 10.44; I(2), 0%) were risk factors for late recurrence. Conclusion @entity34 of @entity438 is effective for prevention of long-term @entity548 , but recurrences occur in a clinically relevant percentage of @entity1 , a finding that may justify follow-up of selected @entity1 for 10 years or more, such as @entity1 with @entity439 larger than 10 mm or classified as Raymond grade 2 at midterm MR angiography. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: XXXX : Recurrences More than 10 Years after Endovascular Treatment-A Prospective Cohort Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['EVT', 'endovascular treatment']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm recurrence', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysms']


abstract: This report presents the selected variables of a consecutive series of 1-10-year-old @entity1 with unilateral @entity1274 (USNHI; defined as four-frequency pure-tone audiometry (PTA) 0.5, 1, 2, 4 kHz > or = 30 dB HL): severity, presumptive aetiologies, age at ascertainment, hearing aid acceptance, non-verbal intelligence, time of occurrence of first words and two-word utterances, size of vocabulary, and linguistic achievements. During a 4-year-period in a defined geographical area of Germany (Lower Saxony), 31 @entity1 were carefully audiologically and psychologically examined at the Department of Phoniatrics/Pedaudiology, University of G  ttingen. All @entity1 were fitted unilaterally with a hearing aid. The HI was mild in 3%, moderate in 23%, severe in 29% and profound in 45% of the cases. The @entity393 was congenital in 23%, postnatally acquired in 16%, and of unknown onset in 61% of the cases. The affected side was the right in 17 cases, and the left in 14. The mean age at ascertainment was 65.5 months (SD 25.5; median 70). According to parental judgement, nearly 81% of the @entity1 had accepted their hearing aid (based on the daily/weekly time for which the @entity1 was using the hearing aid). On average, the @entity1 scored in the normal range in standardized non-verbal intelligence tests. They were delayed in using two-word phrases (on average for 5 months), but not in using their first words. However, @entity1 with USNHI experienced no more difficulty on standardized linguistic tasks than normally hearing subjects of the same age and gender.

title: Unilateral XXXX in childhood: analysis of 31 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing defect']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing impairment']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate @entity35372 , @entity2250 , @entity12715 , @entity8260 , and @entity48451 in the differential diagnosis and prognosis of @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity35372 , @entity2250 , @entity12715 , and @entity8260 was examined by immunohistochemistry in 50 @entity957 and 50 @entity420 . @entity48451 was investigated in 29 @entity957 and 29 @entity420 cases. Associations between expression profiles of @entity35372 , @entity2250 , @entity12715 , @entity8260 , and @entity48451 in @entity2 and clinicopathological variables were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity35372 staining was statistically significant in detecting @entity1544 . The sensitivity of @entity35372 for @entity420 was 96% and the specificity was 100%. @entity12715 and @entity48451 staining were statistically significant in detecting @entity957 versus @entity420 . @entity8260 , @entity35372 , and @entity12715 had no effect on survival. Disease-free survival time was significantly shorter in cases that were moderately positive with @entity2250 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity35372 , @entity12715 , and @entity48451 are useful markers in the differentiation of @entity1149 .

title: New immunohistochemical markers in the differential diagnosisof XXXX .

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas versus squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The response to @entity1956 vaccine in the dialysis population is reduced compared to the general population. The intradermal (ID) @entity1956 vaccine has been studied as a potential alternative to intramuscular (IM) administration. This alternative route of administration may illicit a response via a distinct immunologic pathway that may help achieve higher seroconversion rates and thus, protection against @entity1956 in this vulnerable @entity1 population. METHODS: A literature search was performed in January 2015 using Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials with keywords including, @entity1956 vaccines, intradermal, dermal, intracutaneous, dialysis, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, CAPD, peritoneal dialysis, @entity177 , @entity454 , @entity740 , End Stage @entity8 , @entity454 , and CKD. Our search strategy was restricted to @entity1 studies published in the English language, and additional literature was retrieved by hand-searching bibliographies of relevant articles. Two reviewers (F.Y. and S.G.) independently reviewed abstracts and/or full texts of articles retrieved from the electronic database using the above-mentioned search strategy. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Published, English-language studies performed in the @entity1 population, (2) adult @entity1 population (>= 18 years of age), (3) randomized trials, (4) @entity1 population must have been unresponsive to a primary IM @entity1956 vaccination protocol, (5) @entity1 must be chronic dialysis @entity1 , either on maintenance hemodialysis or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), (6) studies that compare IM and ID @entity1956 vaccination-associated seroconversion rates, (7) results must be reported as seroconversion rates at 1-3, 6-9, 12, or 20 months post-vaccination, and (8) seroconversion (protective antibody levels) defined as >10 or >= 10   IU/L. RESULTS: Our initial literature review yielded 113 results, of which four were included in our final review. These four prospective trials studied a combined total of 204 dialysis @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 120 (59%) had received the @entity1956 vaccine intradermally, while 84 (41%) received it intramuscularly. @entity1956 vaccination type, dose, route, and seroconversion rates were tabulated for each study. Each of the studies used different protocols for @entity1 inclusion, schedule of vaccine administration, and time-points for measuring seroconversion. Seroconversion rates at either 1, 2, 3, 6-9, 12 and/or 20 months were reported. The combined seroconversion rates were 91%, 83%, 86%, 81%, 76%, and 32% at 1, 2, 3, 6-9, 12, and 20 months in the ID group, respectively, and 55%, 72%, 58%, 44%, 24%, and 0% in the IM group, respectively. Chi-square analysis revealed a significantly higher proportion of @entity1 achieving seroconversion in the ID group versus the IM group (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our review demonstrates that ID @entity1956 vaccination in primary non-responders undergoing dialysis provides an effective alternative to IM vaccination as a means of protection against @entity1956 in this highly susceptible population. Additional well-designed, double-blinded, randomized trials are warranted to establish clear guidelines on ID @entity1956 vaccine dose and duration of vaccination schedule.

title: Systematic review of the efficacy and safety of intradermal versus intramuscular @entity1956 vaccination in XXXX population unresponsive to primary vaccination series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection', 'hepatitis B', 'Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure, chronic kidney disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonunion is a rare but severe complication following forearm @entity174 in skeletally immature @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to describe a case series of pediatric forearm nonunions treated at our Institute. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts and radiographs of healthy @entity1 affected by post-traumatic nonunion of the forearm, from April 1992 to July 2015. An overall series of 15 cases was included in the study. Nonunion developed at ulna in 5 cases and at radius in 10 cases, at a mean time of 9 months (range 6-12) from @entity174 . Surgical treatment was performed in 14 cases out of 15. Stabilization of the nonunion was achieved with Kirschner wires (5 cases), plates (4 cases), rush rods (2 cases) and unilateral external fixator (3 cases). Iliac crest bone autograft was used in 11 cases, strut cortical bone allograft was used in 2 cases while in one case no bone graft was applied. In 2 cases an additional shortening osteotomy of the ulnar shaft was necessary to obtain adequate compression of the bone fragments. Cast immobilization was maintained for 6 to 8 weeks after surgery, then a brace was applied for further 8 to 12 weeks. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 54 months (range 12-129); nonunion healed in 14 cases (93%) at an average time of 4 months (range 2-8). One case of nonunion did not heal 12 months after surgery; other complications included: radio-ulnar fusion and @entity4542 (1 case), @entity5323 at the ulna (1 case), @entity2585 with residual elbow stiffness (1 case). One case was treated conservatively and healed after 18 months with @entity893 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study describes the largest series of pediatric forearm nonunions in the current literature. Whether the surgical management of pediatric forearm nonunion provides satisfactory results in terms of bone healing, it may be accompanied by several complications, permanent @entity73 . Any effort must be undertaken to avoid this serious complication.

title: Post-traumatic forearm nonunion in healthy skeletally immature XXXX : A report on 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['sequelae and residual functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans']

entities_list: @entity2585 :: ('MESH:D002062', 'Disease') :: ['olecranon bursitis']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['residual malalignment']

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Screener and Opioid Assessment for @entity1 with @entity158 -Revised (SOAPP-R) predicts increased risk of opioid misuse in chronic @entity158 @entity1 . We evaluated whether higher SOAPP-R scores are associated with greater opioid reinforcing properties, potentially contributing to their predictive utility. Across two counterbalanced laboratory sessions, 55 chronic @entity1643 sufferers completed the SOAPP-R at baseline, and measures of back @entity158 intensity, evoked @entity158 responsiveness (thermal, @entity63 ), and subjective opioid effects after receiving intravenous @entity1286 (0.08 mg/kg) or saline placebo. @entity1286 effect measures were derived for all outcomes reflecting the difference between @entity1286 and placebo condition values. Higher SOAPP-R scores were significantly associated with greater desire to take @entity1286 again, less feeling down and feeling bad, and greater reductions in sensory @entity1643 intensity following @entity1286 administration. This latter effect was due primarily to SOAPP-R content assessing medication-specific attitudes and behavior. Individuals exceeding the clinical cutoff (18 or more) on the SOAPP-R exhibited significantly greater @entity1286 liking, desire to take @entity1286 again, and feeling sedated; lower feeling bad; and greater reductions in sensory @entity1643 following @entity1286 . The SOAPP-R may predict elevated opioid risk in part by tapping into individual differences in opioid reinforcing effects. PERSPECTIVE: Based on placebo-controlled @entity1286 responses, associations were observed between higher scores on a common opioid risk screener (SOAPP-R) and greater desire to take @entity1286 again, fewer negative subjective @entity1286 effects, and greater analgesia. Opioids may provide the best analgesia in those @entity1 at greatest risk of opioid misuse.

title: The Contribution of Differential Opioid Responsiveness to Identification of Opioid Risk in Chronic Pain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies in our laboratory have revealed that @entity1483 -induced RAAS activation, evaluated via the urine @entity1369 -to- @entity1011 ratio (UAldo:C), was not attenuated by the coadministration of @entity2815 , while @entity4688 successfully suppressed @entity3591 -induced urinary @entity1369 excretion. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4688 in suppressing @entity2814 activity and @entity1483 -induced circulating RAAS activation. Failure to do so would suggest that this failure may be a drug class effect. We hypothesized that @entity4688 would suppress @entity2814 activity and @entity1483 -induced circulating RAAS activation. Sixteen healthy hound @entity235 . The effect of @entity1483 (2  mg/kg PO, q12  h; Group F) and @entity1483 plus @entity4688 (0.5  mg/kg PO, q12  h; Group FE) on circulating RAAS was determined by plasma @entity2814 activity, 4-6  h post-treatment, and urinary A:C on days -1, -2, 1, 4, and 7. There was a significant increase in the average urine @entity1369 -to- @entity1011 ratio (UAldo:C) after administration of @entity1483 (P  <  0.05). @entity4688 inhibited @entity2814 activity (P  <  0.0001) but did not significantly reduce @entity1369 excretion. A significant (P  <  0.05) increase in the UAldo:C was maintained for the 7  days of the study in both groups. @entity4688 decreased plasma @entity2814 activity; however, it did not suppress @entity1483 -induced RAAS activation, as determined by the UAldo:C. While @entity4688 blunts @entity2814 activity, the absence of circulating RAAS suppression may be due to angiotensin II reactivation, alternative RAAS pathways, and @entity1483 overriding concurrent @entity2814 inhibition, all indicating the existence of @entity1369 breakthrough (ABT). Along with similar findings with @entity2815 , it appears that failure to suppress @entity1369 suppression with @entity1483 stimulation may be a drug class effect. The discrepancy between the current data and the documented benefits of @entity4688 likely reflects the efficacy of this @entity2814 inhibitor in suppressing tissue RAAS, variable population responsiveness to @entity2814 -inhibition, and/or providing additional survival benefits, possibly through as yet unknown mechanisms.

title: The effect of @entity4688 on XXXX -activated renin-angiotensin- @entity1369 system in healthy @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity2815 :: ('MESH:C044946', 'Chemical') :: ['benazepril']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to explore the @entity146 complications of @entity1575 in a Nigerian general hospital setting. The mental state of 31 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1575 seen in a gastroenterology unit, from July 1996 to August 1998, was assessed using the 30-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30) and Present State Examination (PSE) and compared with those of 20 @entity101 @entity1 and 20 apparently healthy controls. The socio-demographic characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1575 who developed @entity146 complications were compared with those without such complications. The mental status of the @entity82 @entity1 in the present study was also compared with those of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and hemodialysis @entity1 in earlier studies. About fifty-five percent of all the @entity1575 @entity1 developed diagnosable @entity146 . This was significantly higher than that of the @entity101 @entity1 (15%) or healthy controls (5%) (P=0.0001). The @entity146 conditions were @entity308 episode, generalized @entity148 , @entity933 and @entity2166 . No socio-demographic parameter had a significant effect on the mental state of the @entity1 with @entity1575 . The same proportion (55%) of hemodialysis and a lower proportion (30%) of @entity1030 @entity1 compared with @entity82 @entity1 had @entity146 . We found a high rate of @entity146 in the @entity1 with @entity1575 compared with those of @entity101 and normal subjects. None of the socio-demographic variables considered was found to be associated with @entity146 complications in the @entity1575 @entity1 . Poor medical conditions seem to be associated with high levels of @entity146 .

title: Specific @entity146 in XXXX in a Nigerian general hospital setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric morbidity']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity2166 :: ('MESH:D000275', 'Disease') :: ['adjustment disorder']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary @entity4617 are rarely seen and have an incidence of 0.3% of all open-cardiac operations. Among those, @entity3291 is the most common @entity4617 . There are only a few reports of such @entity5 from @entity233 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We report our experience with 67 @entity1 with primary @entity299 operated on at our institute between December 1990 and October 2006. The study group comprised 22.38% males and 77.61% females with a mean age of 46.29 (+/-18.29) years. The predominant symptoms were @entity1353 and palpitation. In addition, 3 @entity1 presented with @entity1897 with impending limb @entity63 that necessitated emergency embolectomy. Echocardiography was generally enough for the demonstration of the @entity3291 . Two @entity3291 (%2.98) and one @entity3291 (1.49%) presented with recurrence. There were three (4.47%) hospital mortalities. Two @entity1 (2.27%), with @entity712 , died after @entity5 resection, from progressive @entity998 . One @entity1 , with preoperative massive @entity358 , died two days after operation, from right ventricle insufficient. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we herein summarized surgical results with primary @entity299 . Surgical excision of primary @entity299 tends to show excellent results after surgical excision.

title: Primary @entity299 : clinical experience and surgical results in 67 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative decompensation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['low cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic myxomas', 'familial myxomas', 'myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tumor', 'cardiac tumors']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxoma', 'cardiac myxomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The oxidation products (OPs) of @entity1787 and the unsaturated @entity9436 @entity4108 , @entity12262 , and @entity21045 have previously been shown to cause upper airway irritation in @entity19 during 30-min acute exposures. This study evaluated the effects of OPs and the @entity9436 themselves on the upper airways, the conducting airways, and the lungs over a longer exposure period. The time course of development of effects and the reversibility of effects were investigated; in addition, we assessed possible exacerbation of sensory responses of the airways to the unreacted @entity9436 . Respiratory parameters in male BALB/c @entity19 were monitored via head-out plethysmography. Exposures to OPs or @entity9436 were for 60 min, followed by a 30-min challenge period with air or @entity7294 , and a 15-min recovery period with air only. Experiments were also performed where @entity4108 / @entity1787 exposures were separated 6 h from the challenge period. @entity1787 concentration in the reaction mixture was 3.4 ppm, and concentrations of @entity9436 were 47 ppm ( @entity12262 ), 51 ppm ( @entity4108 ), and 465 ppm ( @entity21045 ). Due to reaction, the @entity1787 concentration at the point of exposure was less than 0.35 ppm; exposure to 0.30 ppm @entity1787 for 60 min did not produce effects different from air-exposed control animals. As previously established, upper airway irritation was a prominent effect of OP exposure. In addition, over the longer exposure period we observed the development of airflow limitation that persisted for at least 45 min postexposure. All effects from @entity4108 / @entity1787 exposures were reversible within 6 h. Exposures to OPs did not cause enhanced upper airway irritation during challenge with the @entity9436 , indicating that a 1-h exposure to OPs did not increase the sensitivity of the upper respiratory system. However, airflow limitation was exacerbated in animals exposed to @entity4108 alone immediately following exposure to @entity4108 OPs. These findings suggest that @entity9534 / @entity1787 reaction products may have moderate-lasting adverse effects on both the upper airways and pulmonary regions. This may be important in the context of the etiology or exacerbation of lower airway symptoms in office workers, or of @entity7446 in workers involved in industrial cleaning operations.

title: Upper airway and pulmonary effects of oxidation products of @entity12262 , @entity4108 , and @entity21045 in BALB/c XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4108 :: ('MESH:C008281', 'Chemical') :: ['limonene', 'd-limonene']

entities_list: @entity12262 :: ('MESH:C005451', 'Chemical') :: ['(+)-alpha-pinene', 'alpha-pinene']

entities_list: @entity9436 :: ('MESH:D006838', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity9534 :: ('CHEBI:35186', 'Chemical') :: ['terpene']

entities_list: @entity7446 :: ('MESH:D059366', 'Disease') :: ['occupational asthma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual-Knife(  ) (Olympus) and Hydride-Knife(  ) are new needle knives frequently used for submucosal dissection because of their safety and precision. In this study we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of such devices in the diverticulopexy by flexible endoscopy. METHODS: From February 2009 to March 2013, 42 @entity1 (25 @entity1 ), mean age 74.5, with symptomatic @entity15809 , were included in a non-randomized prospective multicenter study. The symptoms described by all @entity1 include @entity1282 , regurgitation and/or swallowing disorders. The diverticulopexy was performed with the Dual-Knife(  ) or Hydrid-Knife(  ), after septum exposure with the diverticuloscope, and terminated with distal tip clips positioning. All complications were noted. @entity1 ' symptoms were regularly assessed during follow-up visits or telephone interviews. RESULTS: The first endoscopy treatment was successful for all @entity1 . Thirty-seven @entity1 (88  %) had symptoms improvement after the first treatment. The recurrence rate was 14  % (6 @entity1 ); a second endoscopic treatment was required 12  months on average after the first treatment, with 100  % efficiency. Mid-term (16  months) efficiency was 91.67  % after 1 to 3 endoscopic treatments. A total of 55 procedures were performed without perforation or significant @entity548 and 3 @entity1 underwent surgery. In multivariate analysis, the diverticulum size and the type of dissection knife were not risks factors for recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic diverticuloscope-assisted diverticulotomy with submucosal dissection knives is a safe and effective alternative treatment for @entity1 with a symptomatic @entity15809 measuring between 2 and 10  cm.

title: Interest of submucosal dissection knife for endoscopic treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ["Zenker's diverticulum"]

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker's diverticulum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity387 ( @entity387 ) is common, but largely undiagnosed in the general population. Information on demographic patterns of @entity387 occurrence and its predictive factors in the general population is needed to target high-risk groups that may benefit from diagnosis. METHODS: The sample comprised 5615 community-dwelling @entity1 and @entity1 aged between 40 and 98 years who were enrolled in the Sleep Heart Health Study. Data were collected by questionnaire, clinical examinations, and in-home polysomnography. @entity387 status was based on the average number of @entity386 and @entity387 episodes per hour of sleep ( @entity27 index [AHI]). We used multiple logistic regression modeling to estimate cross-sectional associations of selected @entity1 characteristics with @entity387 defined by an AHI of 15 or greater. RESULTS: Male sex, age, body mass index, neck girth, snoring, and repeated @entity1353 pause frequency were independent, significant correlates of an AHI of 15 or greater. @entity1 reporting habitual snoring, loud snoring, and frequent @entity1353 pauses were 3 to 4 times more likely to have an AHI of 15 or greater vs an AHI less than 15, but there were weaker associations for other factors with an AHI of 15 or greater. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for an AHI of 15 or greater vs an AHI less than 15 were 1.6 and 1.5, respectively, for 1-SD increments in body mass index and neck girth. As age increased, the magnitude of associations for @entity387 and body habitus, snoring, and @entity1353 pauses decreased. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of occult @entity387 in the general population would be missed if screening or case finding were based solely on increased body habitus or male sex. Breathing pauses and @entity28 may be particularly insensitive for identifying @entity387 in older @entity1 . A better understanding of predictive factors for @entity387 , particularly in older adults, is needed.

title: Predictors of sleep-disordered XXXX in community-dwelling adults: the Sleep Heart Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['People', 'women', 'participant', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'Sleep-disordered breathing', 'SDB']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['breathing']


abstract: Endocrine active substances (EAS) show structural similarities to natural hormones and are suspected to affect the @entity1 endocrine system by inducing hormone dependent effects. Recent studies with in vitro tests suggest that EAS can leach from packaging into food and may therefore pose a risk to @entity1 health. Sample migrates from food contact materials were tested for @entity172 and @entity342 agonists and antagonists with different commonly used in vitro tests. Additionally, chemical trace analysis by @entity15 was used to identify potential hormone active substances in sample migrates. A GC- @entity15 method to screen migrates for 29 known or potential endocrine active substances was established and validated. Samples were migrated according to EC 10/2011, concentrated by solid phase extraction and tested with @entity172 and @entity342 responsive reporter gene assays based on @entity375 cells (YES and YAS) or @entity1 osteoblast cells ( @entity7971 and AR CALUX). A high level of agreement between the different bioassays could be observed by screening for @entity172 agonists. Four out of 18 samples tested showed an @entity172 activity in a similar range in both, YES and @entity7971 CALUX. Two more samples tested positive in @entity7971 CALUX due to the lower limits of detection in this assay. @entity342 agonists could not be detected in any of the tested samples, neither with YAS nor with AR CALUX. When testing for antagonists, significant differences between @entity375 and @entity1 cell-based bioassays were noticed. Using YES and YAS many samples showed a strong antagonistic activity which was not observed using @entity1 cell-based CALUX assays. By GC- @entity15 , some known or supposed EAS were identified in sample migrates that showed a biological activity in the in vitro tests. However, no firm conclusions about the sources of the observed hormone activity could be obtained from the chemical results.

title: Characterization of @entity172 and @entity342 activity of food contact materials by different in vitro bioassays (YES, YAS, XXXX and AR CALUX) and chromatographic analysis (GC- @entity15 , @entity15 ).

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['GC-MS and HPLC-MS', 'MS']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['ERa']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Probiotics can be useful in the treatment of @entity29 . In a previous report, the non-pathogenic @entity375 @entity375 boulardii was found to be beneficial in the maintenance treatment of @entity30 . The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S. boulardii in @entity31 @entity1 . METHODS: A group of 25 @entity1 with a mild to moderate clinical flare-up of @entity31 received additional treatment with S. boulardii 250 mg three times a day for 4 weeks during maintenance treatment with @entity2983 . These @entity1 were unsuitable for @entity134 therapy. Before and after treatment, Rachmilewitz's clinical activity index was calculated. The probiotic treatment was considered a therapeutic success only when the final score was lower than 6. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity1 who completed the study, 17 attained clinical remission; this was confirmed endoscopically. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that S. boulardii can be effective in the treatment of @entity31 . Controlled studies with this probiotic agent are warranted.

title: A pilot trial of @entity375 boulardii in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalazine']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity414 (UA) has antioxidant properties yet when elevated is associated with @entity455 and @entity64 . Further, even high normal UA is associated with increased risk of mild @entity73 in elderly adults. METHOD: In this cross-sectional, observational study, we examined the relationship between serum UA and aggregate volume of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) signals observed on proton density and T2-weighted brain MR images in a community sample of 177 adults ages 20 to 92. Using logistic regression, we tested whether @entity1 with UA concentrations in the highest quartile of the sample--but still normal--would have increased @entity62 volumes. RESULTS: Compared with those with low to moderate levels, @entity1 with high normal serum UA were more likely to fall in the highest quartile of @entity62 volume. The odds ratios (95% CIs) of increased @entity62 were 2.6 (1.2 to 5.4) for total, 2.5 (1.2 to 5.1) for periventricular, and 2.8 (1.4 to 5.9) for subcortical @entity62 volume. After controlling for age, sex, race, education, body mass, @entity101 , and @entity6 , the multivariate-adjusted odds of large total and subcortical @entity62 volumes remained elevated. Finally, high normal UA increased the odds of having excessive @entity63 burden four- to fivefold in adults ages 60 and older. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that mildly elevated serum @entity414 is associated with increased burden of cerebral @entity63 pathology, particularly in older adults. We outline the potential pathogenesis of this association. A clinical trial of antihyperuricemic medication to treat or prevent chronic @entity2806 might be warranted.

title: Serum @entity414 and XXXX in normal elderly adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintense']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a common complication in the late stages of @entity43 ( @entity43 ) that greatly diminishes the quality of life of @entity1 . @entity5 is a known consequence of @entity455 , but current approved treatments are not effective in preventing fluid accumulation. In this study, we investigated an alternative strategy of targeting macrophage functions to reverse the vascular pathology of @entity5 using fluid from @entity1 @entity1 and an immunocompetent @entity19 model (ID8) of @entity43 that mirrors @entity1 disease by developing progressive vascular disorganization and leakiness culminating in massive @entity843 . We demonstrate that the macrophage content in @entity843 fluid from @entity1 @entity1 and the ID8 model directly correlates with vascular permeability. To further substantiate macrophages' role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , we blocked macrophage function in ID8 @entity19 using a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor kinase inhibitor ( @entity30709 ). Administration of @entity30709 in the late stages of disease resulted in reduced infiltration of protumorigenic (M2) macrophages and dramatically decreased @entity843 volume. Moreover, the disorganized peritoneal vasculature became normalized and sera from @entity30709 -treated @entity843 protected against endothelial permeability. Therefore, our findings suggest that macrophage-targeted treatment may be a promising strategy toward a safe and effective means to control @entity5 of @entity43 . @entity5 Res; 75(22); 1-11.   2015 AACR.

title: Macrophage Blockade Using CSF1R Inhibitors Reverses the Vascular Leakage Underlying @entity5 in Late-Stage Epithelial Ovarian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'Cancer', 'Malignant ascites']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) is characterized by @entity236 , @entity3043 , and risk of severe @entity417 , @entity548 and @entity281 . @entity2150 is often idiopathic, but frequently occurs after exposure to drugs/chemicals. However, the pathogenesis of @entity2150 is not clearly understood, and there are no convenient animal models of drug-induced @entity2150 . We have evaluated regimens of @entity1863 (BU) administration in the @entity19 to produce a model of chronic @entity236 showing features of @entity1 @entity2150 . @entity19 were given 8 doses of BU at 0, 5.25 and 10.50 mg/kg over 23 days; marrow and blood samples were examined at 1, 19, 49, 91 and 112 days after dosing. At day 1 post dosing, in @entity19 treated at 10.50 mg/kg, nucleated marrow cells, CFU-GM and Erythroid-CFU were reduced. Similarly, peripheral blood erythrocytes, leucocytes, platelets and reticulocytes were reduced. At day 19 and 49 post dosing, there was a trend for parameters to return towards normal. However, at day 91 and 112 post dosing, values remained significantly depressed, with a stabilized chronic @entity236 . At day 91 and 112 post dosing, marrow cell counts, CFU-GM and Erythroid-CFU were decreased; marrow nucleated cell apoptosis and @entity17777 + cell apoptosis were increased; peripheral blood erythrocyte, leucocyte, and platelet counts were reduced. We conclude that this is a model of chronic @entity236 which has many interesting features of @entity2150 . The model is convenient to use and has potential in several areas, particularly for investigations on mechanisms of @entity2150 pathogenesis in @entity1 .

title: A new model of busulphan-induced chronic XXXX in the female BALB/c @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'Aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulphan']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypocellular marrow', 'bone marrow aplasia']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow aplasia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is the third most frequent @entity5 in Spain, with around 27 000 new cases diagnosed per year; 80-95% of these are @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), and the majority of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, and for this reason it is one of the oncologic conditions with higher mortality rates (21.4% mean survival at 5 years). The main treatment regimens used for first-line treatment of @entity1149 are: @entity900 /pemetrexed (cis/pem), @entity900 / @entity136 / bevacizumab (cis/gem/ @entity1493 ), and @entity3003 / @entity1311 / bevacizumab (carb/pac/ @entity1493 ). The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio of antineoplastic 1st line @entity1149 treatment regimens, from the point of view of hospital management. METHODOLOGY: A cost-efficacy mathematical model was prepared, based on a decision tree. The efficacy variable was Progression Free Survival, obtained from the PARAMOUNT, AVAIL and SAIL Phase III clinical trials. The study was conducted from the perspective of the hospital management, considering only the direct costs of drug acquisition. A deterministic sensitivity analysis was conducted to confirm the robustness of outcomes. RESULTS: The PFS obtained in clinical trials with cis/pem, cis/ gem/ @entity1493 and carb/pac/ @entity1493 was: 6.9, 6.7 and 6.2 months, respectively. Based on our model, the mean cost of treatment per @entity1 for these regimens was: 19 942    , 15 594     and 36 095    , respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per month of additional PFS between cis/pem and cis/gem/ @entity1493 was 19 303    . Estimating a 30% reduction in acquisition costs for pemetrexed (Alimta  Eli Lilly Nederland B.V.), due to the forthcoming launch of generic medications, the cis/pem treatment would become the predominant alternative for 1st line treatment of @entity1149 @entity1 , by offering the best health results at a lower cost.

title: Cost-effectiveness of pemetrexed in combination with @entity900 as first line treatment for XXXX with advanced non-squamous @entity1149 in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic tumour']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergency department is one of the hospital's busiest facilities and is frequently described as a bottleneck. Management by constraint is a managerial methodology that helps to focus on the most critical issues by identifying such bottlenecks. Based on this theory, the benefit of adding medical staff may depend on whether or not physician availability is the bottleneck in the system. OBJECTIVE: To formulate a dynamic statistical model to forecast the need for allocating additional medical staff to improve the efficacy of work in the emergency department, taking into account @entity1 volume. METHODS: The daily number of non-trauma admissions to the general @entity2613 was assessed for the period 1 January 1992 to 1 December 1995 using the hospital computerized database. The marginal benefit to shortening @entity1 length of stay in the @entity2613 by adding a physician during the evening shift was examined for different @entity1 volumes. Data were analyzed with the SAS software package using a Gross Linear Model. RESULTS: The addition of a physician to the @entity2613 staff from noon to midnight significantly shortened @entity1 LOS: an average decrease of 6.61 minutes for 80-119 admissions (P < 0.001). However, for less than 80 or more than 120 admissions, adding a physician did not have a significant effect on LOS in the @entity2613 . CONCLUSIONS: The dynamic model formulated in this study shows that @entity1 volume determines the effectiveness of investing manpower in the @entity2613 . Identifying bottleneck critical factors, as suggested by the theory of constraints, may be useful for planning and coordinating emergency services that operate under stressful and unpredictable conditions. Consideration of @entity1 volume may also provide @entity2613 managers with a logical basis for staffing and resource allocation.

title: Management by constraints: considering XXXX volume when adding medical staff to the emergency department.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3932 ( @entity3932 ) is characterized by @entity3809 ( @entity3809 ) affecting the face, eyes, and central nervous system. Pulsed dye laser ( @entity10662 ) is the standard treatment for @entity3809 . Unfortunately, recurrence is frequent because of reformation and reperfusion of blood vessels. OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the clinical efficacy of topical @entity3446 combined with @entity10662 in @entity3809 of @entity1 with @entity3932 . METHODS: We conducted a phase II, randomized, double-blind, intraindividual placebo-controlled, clinical trial. We recruited 23 @entity1 with @entity3932 and facial @entity3809 (12 @entity1 ; median age 33 years, age range 17-65 years) from the University Clinic of Navarra, Spain. Four interventions were evaluated: placebo, @entity10662 + placebo, @entity3446 , and @entity10662 + @entity3446 . Clinical and histologic responses were evaluated using a chromatographic computerized system, spectrometry, and histologic analyses at 6, 12, and 18 weeks after the intervention. RESULTS: @entity10662 + @entity3446 yielded the lowest digital photographic image score and the lowest percentage of vessels in histologic analysis, and showed a statistically significant improvement compared with the other interventions. The treatment was generally well tolerated. LIMITATIONS: @entity10662 was only applied to the lateral parts of the @entity3809 area. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity3446 associated with @entity10662 seems to be an effective treatment for @entity3809 in @entity1 with @entity3932 .

title: Topical XXXX combined with pulsed dye laser in the treatment of capillary vascular malformations in @entity3932 : Phase II, randomized, double-blind, intraindividual placebo-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity3809 :: ('MESH:D019339', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'port-wine stains']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: International sports programs have established pre-participation athletic screening procedures as an essential component to identify athletes that are at a high risk of becoming injured. The @entity717 ( @entity717   ) is a screening instrument intended to evaluate @entity6679 and stability of an athlete that might be linked to injury. To date, there are no published normative values for the @entity717    in adolescent school aged @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to establish normative values for the @entity717    in adolescent school aged @entity1 (10 to 17 years). Secondary aims were to investigate whether the performance differed between @entity1 and @entity1 and between those with or without previous history of injury. METHODS: 1005 adolescent school students, including both males and females between the ages of 10 and 17 years who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were selected for the study. The test administration procedures, instructions and scoring process associated with the standardized version of the test were followed in order to ensure accuracy in scoring. The components of the @entity717    include the deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push up, and rotary stability. RESULTS: The mean composite @entity717    score was 14.59 (CI 14.43 - 14.74) out of a possible total of 21. There was a statistically significant difference in scores between females and males (p= .000). But no statistically significant difference in scores existed between those who reported a previous injury and those who did not report previous injury (p=.300). The variables like age (r= -.038, p=.225), height(r= .065, p= .040), weight (r=.103, p=.001) did not show a strong correlations with the mean composite score. CONCLUSION: This study provides normative values for the @entity717    in adolescent school aged @entity1 , which could assist in evaluation of functional mobility and stability in this population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2c.

title: Normative values for the functional movement screentm in adolescent school aged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Functional Movement Screen', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies in the mobility']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Objective. To investigate the effect of fast decompression on @entity2918 in cerebral tissue. Method. 26 @entity840 were divided into 2 groups randomly. The animals in group @entity5048 (group 1) were treated with fast decompression and formed decompression @entity2704 , but those in control group (group 2) were not treated with decompression. The contents of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity33449 (6-K-PGF1a) and @entity7489 (TXB2) in cerebral tissue of the animals were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Result. The content of @entity1421 in cerebral tissue of @entity5048 animals was twice as much as that in control animals. The content of TXB2 in cerebral tissue of @entity5048 animals was 3 times as high as that in control animals, and that of 6-K-PGF1a in cerebral tissue of @entity5048 animals was 2.6 times as that in control animals. It showed very significant differences as compared with control group (P<0.01). Conclusion. The content of PGs in cerebral tissue increased markedly after fast decompression, and may cause @entity131 .

title: [Effects of fast decompression on prostaglandins content in cerebral tissue of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral injury']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity33449 :: ('CHEBI:28158', 'Chemical') :: ['6-keto-prostaglandin F1a']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity7489 :: ('MESH:D013929', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane B2']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: Nucleosomes are major autoantigens in @entity1252 . These are found as circulating complexes in both @entity1252 @entity1 and @entity1252 @entity19 . The existence of a potential ubiquitous cell surface receptor specific for nucleosomes has been suggested. However, neither the nature nor the role of this receptor has been identified. Moreover, the consequence of receptor-nucleosome interaction on the target cell has not been studied in detail so far. We show here that purified nucleosomes induce cell death of normal and @entity1252 lymphocytes ex vivo in a dose- and time-dependent manner whereas @entity1 dendritic cells were relatively resistant. Most importantly, nucleosome-induced cell death is primary @entity39 . Moreover, @entity39 could be abolished when nucleosomes were first treated with @entity8118 , proteinase K or with a specific monoclonal antibody. Finally, intravenous injections of purified nucleosomes result in a reduced spleen cell number compared to buffer-injected @entity19 , indicating that circulating nucleosomes may behave similarly in vivo. Taken together, this is the first report indicating that nucleosomes are able to induce @entity39 ,which in turn could result in an amplification loop of the disease causing the @entity32 observed in @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Nucleosomes induce lymphocyte XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity8118 :: ('1773', 'Gene') :: ['deoxyribonuclease I']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5748 ( @entity5748 ) is the coexistence of a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ). The aim of this study is to determine for the first time if a specific personality pattern exists for @entity5748 @entity1 compared to those who only have @entity734 or @entity1032 . The sample was composed of 102 male, 34 @entity1 in each group ( @entity5748 , @entity734 and @entity1032 ). @entity5748 and @entity1032 groups included 20 @entity161 and 14 @entity308 @entity1 respectively. Cloninger* s TCI-R was administered together with a structured interview of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. All the temperament dimensions and Self-directedness provided differences among groups. The @entity5748 and @entity734 showed significant higher scores in Novelty Seeking regarding @entity1032 , whereas for Harm Avoidance the @entity734 subjects scored lower with respect to the @entity5748 and @entity1032 group. Persistence was significant lower for the @entity5748 and @entity1032 groups compared to the @entity734 @entity1 . The @entity5748 obtained low significant scores in Reward @entity734 in relation to the @entity734 and Self-directedness in relation to the @entity734 and @entity1032 . Our data highlight the presence of a different personality profiles among @entity5748 , @entity734 and @entity146 . Taking into account the @entity1 *  personality can benefit the clinical course and minimize the @entity5748 impact.

title: Personality in male XXXX with @entity734 and/or @entity1032 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['severe mental illness', 'SMI']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['SMI disorders']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['Dual diagnosis', 'DD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorder', 'SUD', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity354 of Los Angeles grade A or B is more common than grades C and D disease among Taiwanese. This study compared the efficacy of @entity1537 40 mg and @entity4546 20 mg for starting on-demand therapy for grade A and B @entity354 . METHODS: 100 @entity1 with grade A and B @entity354 were randomized to receive either @entity1537 40 mg once daily (n = 50) or @entity4546 20 mg once daily (n = 50) for the first 4 weeks. Sustained symptomatic response (SSR) was defined as freedom from symptoms for the last 7 days of the 4-week treatment duration. On-demand therapy was used for the next 4 weeks in @entity1 with SSR; @entity1 without SSR continued with the same proton pump inhibitor regimen. @entity1 were asked to record their daily severity of acid regurgitation (AR) and @entity11068 ( @entity11068 ). Medication usage during on-demand therapy was recorded. RESULTS: Forty six @entity1 in the @entity1537 group and 45 @entity1 in the @entity4546 group completed the study protocol. The rate of SSR was higher in the @entity1537 group than in the @entity4546 group (per-protocol: 73.9% vs 51.1%, p < 0.05; intent-to-treat: 68% vs 46%, p < 0.05). The symptomatic scores for AR and @entity11068 were similar between @entity1 taking medication continuously and those taking medication on-demand with both @entity1537 and @entity4546 . For @entity1 starting on-demand therapy, the total number of tablets used during 4 weeks was lower in the @entity1537 group than in the @entity4546 group (13.5 vs 18.5, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with grade A and B @entity354 , @entity1537 40 mg was more effective than @entity4546 20 mg for the initiation of on-demand therapy.

title: On-demand therapy for Los Angeles grade A and B @entity354 : XXXX versus @entity4546 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1537 :: ('MESH:D064098', 'Chemical') :: ['esomeprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis', 'Reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity1537 :: (MESH:D064098,Chemical) :: ['esomeprazole']


abstract: Using chemical inhibitors to reduce soil nitrification decreases emissions of environmental damaging @entity1507 and @entity3810 and improves @entity1568 use efficiency in agricultural systems. The efficacy of nitrification inhibitors such as @entity31769 ( @entity6061 ) is limited in soil due to biodegradation. This study investigated if the persistence of @entity6061 could be sustained in soil by slow release from a chitosan hydrogel. @entity6061 was encapsulated in @entity14626 -crosslinked chitosan beads where excess @entity14626 was (i) partly removed (C beads) or (ii) allowed to dry (CG beads). The beads were tested in water and in soil. The beads contained two fractions of @entity6061 : one which was quickly released in water, and one which was not. A large @entity6061 fraction within C beads was readily available: 84% of total @entity6061 bead content was released after 9h immersion in water, while between 74% and 98% was released after 7d in soil under low to high moisture conditions. A lower percentage of encapsulated @entity6061 was readily released from CG beads: 19% after 9h in water, and 33% after 7d in soil under high rainfall conditions. Kinetic analysis indicated that the release in water occurred by quasi-Fickian diffusion. The results also suggest that @entity6061 release was controlled by bead erosion and the leaching of @entity14626 derivatives, predominantly a @entity14626 - @entity6061 adduct whose release was positively correlated with that of @entity6061 (R(2)=0.99, p   0.0001). Therefore, novel chitosan/ @entity14626 composite beads show a promising slow-release potential in soil for agrochemicals like @entity6061 .

title: Slow delivery of a nitrification inhibitor ( XXXX ) to soil using a biodegradable hydrogel of chitosan.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity31769 :: ('MESH:C004711', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyandiamide']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity31769 :: (MESH:C004711,Chemical) :: ['dicyandiamide']


abstract: The aim was to explore the relationship between sleep habits and overweight/ @entity28 , physical activity and @entity146 in French adults with @entity717 . This observational study was conducted on 570 French adults with @entity2026 . Sleep habits were analyzed and related to anthropometric measures, physical activity and @entity146 . The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. @entity1 completed the questionnaire during an interview with the principal investigator. Sleep timing behavior was classified into 4 sleep patterns: Early-bed/Early-rise, Early-bed/Late-rise, Late-bed/Late-rise, and Late-bed/Early-rise. Of 570 eligible @entity1 , 61 were excluded because of missing data on age, weight or height. The number of @entity1 identified in each of the four sleep patterns was as follows: Early-bed/Early-rise, N=119 (23%), Early-bed/Late-rise, N=171 (34%), Late-bed/Early-rise, N=100 (20%), Late-bed/Late-rise N=119 (23%). @entity1 who wake up earlier are more active than those who rise late (p<0.02). @entity1 who slept later spent more time in sedentary activities than those in the Early rise groups (p<0.01). The number of @entity28 /overweight @entity1 was also higher in Late-bed/Late rise group. Sleep behavior was associated with overweight/ @entity28 , physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults with @entity2026 , independently the sleep duration. Implementing intervention or promotion programs on @entity146 should be considered in order to meet the objectives of promoting health on anthropometric characteristics and increased physical activity among these disabled adults.

title: Influence of sleep timing behavior on weight status and activity patterns in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sleep behaviors', 'sedentary behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual deficiency']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disabilities']


abstract: Distinguishing @entity259 from minimally invasive or encapsulated angioinvasive @entity189 can be diagnostically challenging. In some cases, @entity5 are distorted, fragmented, or stripped of their capsule, and a definitive diagnosis becomes nearly impossible. In other cases, the foci of capsular and/or vascular invasion are subtle, thus making the diagnosis of @entity189 difficult. We developed a microdissection genotyping assay for assessing a panel of @entity5 -suppressor genes for loss of heterozygosity mutations. The frequency of allelic loss (FAL) in follicular-derived @entity5 correlates with the histologic @entity146 of the @entity5 . Furthermore, we calculated the amount of genetic heterogeneity within each @entity5 , as a second important measure of a @entity5 's ability for clonal expansion and a surrogate marker for its malignant potential. The @entity652 had a low FAL (average 9%) and low intratumoral heterogeneity (5% variability). The minimally invasive and encapsulated angioinvasive @entity189 had an intermediate FAL (average 30%) and intermediate intratumoral heterogeneity (10% variability). The widely invasive @entity189 had a high FAL (average 53%) and high intratumoral heterogeneity (24% variability). Although a larger retrospective study is needed to correlate genotyping studies with @entity1 outcome and prognosis, our results indicate that performing a mutational genotyping assay can stratify @entity5 into the histologically well-defined categories of @entity652 , minimally @entity189 , and widely invasive @entity189 .

title: A novel microdissection and genotyping of follicular-derived XXXX to predict @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'follicular carcinomas', 'invasive/angioinvasive carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['follicular adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid follicular adenoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between radiation-induced cell survival and DNA damage in primary @entity1 fibroblasts to decide whether the initial or residual DNA damage levels are the more predictive of normal tissue cellular radiosensitivity. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Five primary @entity1 nonsyndromic and two primary @entity1129 fibroblast strains grown in monolayer were studied. Cell survival was assessed by clonogenic assay. Irradiation was given at @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) 1-2 Gy/min. DNA damage was measured in stationary phase cells and expressed as fraction released from the well by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For initial damage, cells were embedded in agarose and irradiated at @entity1168 on ice. Residual DNA damage was measured in monolayer by allowing a 4-h repair period after @entity1168 irradiation. RESULTS: Following @entity1168 irradiation, cell survival varied between @entity19593 0.025 to 0.23. Measurement of initial DNA damage demonstrated linear induction up to 30 Gy, with small differences in the slope of the dose-response curve between strains. No correlation between cell survival and initial damage was found. Residual damage increased linearly up to 80 Gy with a variation in slope by a factor of 3.2. Cell survival correlated with the slope of the dose-response curves for residual damage of the different strains (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The relationship between radiation-induced cell survival and DNA damage in primary @entity1 fibroblasts of differing radiosensitivity is closest with the amount of DNA damage remaining after repair. If assays of DNA damage are to be used as predictors of normal tissue response to radiation, residual DNA damage provides the most likely correlation with cell survival.

title: Cellular radiosensitivity and DNA damage in primary XXXX fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Today more @entity1 with @entity600 survive early childhood because of improved medical care; however, little information is available about patterns of long-term mortality and survival in this population. In particular, it is not clear whether other birth characteristics, apart from @entity600 , have any role in their mortality. METHODS: Two large cohorts of @entity1 with and without @entity600 were followed for up to 17 years. More than 45,000 @entity1 with @entity600 , and 45,000 matched @entity1 without @entity600 born in Ontario between 1979 and 1986 were followed. Throughout the study period long-term survival rates and the risk of @entity204 were compared between the 2 cohorts. Birth characteristics were also examined to determine their effect on the risk of @entity204 . RESULTS: During the study the deaths of 3620 and 301 @entity1 with and without @entity600 , respectively, were recorded, indicating that those with @entity600 had a 13 times higher rate of mortality (relative risk [RR], 12.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.1-13.7). Mortality rates in the @entity600 cohort remained higher even after 10-15 years. In both groups @entity1 of low gestational age and low birth weight had a higher risk of @entity204 . There was a strong dose-response relationship between the number of defects and the risk of @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 born with abnormalities face many challenges throughout their lifetimes. If they survive the high mortality risk of the first year of life, they still have to face the considerably higher risk of @entity204 in the years to come. In addition to @entity600 , other birth characteristics play an independent role in their mortality. These indicators could be used to identify high-risk @entity1 .

title: Determinants of survival in XXXX with congenital abnormalities: a long-term population-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth-defects', 'birth defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) is an uncommon @entity5 . @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is associated with @entity1179 in about 7% of cases. To date, there has been no pooled analysis to formulate a survival outcome associated with this rare condition. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of @entity1 with @entity1179 and @entity957 treated at our institution during 1999-2007. Including our series, a systematic review of literature on Medline database and pooled analysis were performed to establish a survival estimate. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were identified. @entity957 was metachronous to the initial diagnosis of @entity1179 in 1 case and synchronous in 5 cases. Of 5 @entity1 who had completed therapy at the time of this report, only 1 remained disease-free at 74 months. The median overall survival in our series was 33 months. Three @entity1 developed distant @entity3 in brain, lung, bone, and liver. Literature review and pooled survival analysis consisting of 76 cases indicated a median overall survival of 126 months with 3- and 5-year survival rates of 63% and 61%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although the survival outcome of @entity957 arising from @entity1179 seems comparable with sinonasal SCCs, some @entity1 with this disease do have a highly aggressive disease, including hematogenous distant @entity3 . Overall, about 40% of @entity1 will die of the disease within the first 3 years.

title: Survival outcomes of @entity957 arising from sinonasal XXXX : report of 6 cases with systematic review and pooled analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'Inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: The assessment of the efficacy of low level laser therapy (LLLT) for @entity158 attenuation varies among institutions, all having their own method of assessment with no common standards. At the author's institution in the beginning, the @entity1 were asked how they assessed their @entity158 relief immediately after the treatment. They were to choose from excellent, good, fair, no change and poor. The overall efficacy rate was calculated by the numbers of @entity1 scoring excellent and good, expressed as a percentage of the total number of @entity1 . However, a large number of institutions have utilized the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or the @entity158 Relief Score (PRS) for the assessment of treatment; but even then, the evaluation could not be considered uniform. Therefore, the standardization of the efficacy rate was continuously discussed among the practitioners of LLLT, dating back to the 9(th) annual meeting of the Japan Laser Therapy Association (JaLTA) in 1997. It took four years (including the 1997 meeting) until finally an agreement was reached and a new standard of efficacy was presented at the 12(th) JaLTA meeting in 2000, based on the PRS. The new standard defined excellent as @entity158 reduction in any treatment session from 10 to 0 or 1, good as reduction from 10 to 2   5, fair as reduction from 10 to 6   8, no change as a reduction from 10 to 9   10 and poor was defined as exacerbation of @entity158 from 10 to 11 or greater. Efficacy rate was calculated by the number of @entity1 scoring excellent and good expressed as a percentage of the total number of @entity1 . For the purpose of reference, the VAS was to be used for @entity1 receiving the treatment for the first time.

title: A new standard of Efficacy for Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in XXXX Attenuation in Japan (a secondary publication).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infertility is a major @entity2673 as well as being a medical problem. The factors that predict psychosocial consequences of @entity249 may vary in different gender and different infertile populations. OBJECTIVE: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether Turkish infertile couples had higher levels of @entity308 and @entity148 when compared to non-infertile couples. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and levels of @entity308 and @entity148 in Turkish infertile couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a descriptive cross sectional study of 248 infertile @entity1 and 96 infertile @entity1 with no psychiatric disturbance and 51 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 who have @entity1 to evaluate the @entity308 and @entity148 levels between infertile couples and fertile couples. A gynecologist evaluated @entity1 for demographic data and then they were visited by a psychologist to perform questionnaire scales which were The Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory for the evaluation of the degree of psychopathology. The data were statistically analyzed, with p<0.05 as the level of statistical significance. RESULTS: We observed significant differences between the infertile couples and fertile couples with respect to state and trait @entity148 (p<0.0001) while no difference was regarding with @entity308 , both of @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity148 and @entity308 were observed as independent from gender when infertile @entity1 and @entity1 were compared (p=0.213). CONCLUSION: We believed that the psychological management at infertile couples must be individualized with cultural, religious, and class related aspects.

title: The status of @entity308 and XXXX in infertile Turkish couples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial crisis']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The presence of @entity6 and other risk factors of @entity731 , such as @entity28 , smoking and @entity407 , in @entity101 @entity1 makes the prognosis worse. Authors compared the clinical findings in diabetic @entity101 @entity1 with and without @entity4346 , the presence of which was diagnosed and defined by echocardiography. The study is based on the analysis of hospital records of 115 @entity101 @entity1 treated at our department during the period 1998-1999. @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) was defined by echocardiography as left ventricular mass index > 134 g/m2 in @entity1 and > 110 g/m2 in @entity1 . @entity4346 was found in 79 @entity1 (mean age 64.6 ys) but not in 36 @entity1 (mean age 63.3 ys). Both groups were matched as to age and sex, intensity and duration of @entity101 and @entity6 , @entity28 , smoking and @entity407 . In @entity4346 -positive @entity1 , there was a statistically significant incidence of @entity712 , @entity339 and renal involvement and a more non-significant incidence of @entity1002 , @entity583 , chronic @entity955 and @entity64 than in @entity4346 -negative ones. @entity4346 usually complicates the course of @entity101 . Authors recommend to investigate the presence of @entity4346 in @entity101 as it carries a much more complicated course of the disease. (Tab. 5, Ref. 28.)

title: Relation of XXXX to cardiovascular complications in @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity4346 :: (MESH:D017379,Disease) :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity1 diagnosed with @entity191 are later found to have an erroneous diagnosis, often only when they come to necropsy; conversely, many @entity1 with @entity191 in the community remain undiagnosed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of a clinical diagnosis of @entity304 in the general population according to strict published criteria. METHODS: As part of a population based study on the prevalence of @entity191 in London, all @entity1 were identified with a diagnosis of @entity304 , @entity400 with onset over age 50 years, or who had ever received antiparkinsonian drugs. All @entity1 who agreed to participate were diagnosed according to strict clinical diagnostic criteria, after a detailed neurological interview and examination and discussion of the findings with examination of their video recordings. Follow up information was obtained over a period of at least one year, and atypical cases were reviewed at the end of the study. RESULTS: A diagnosis of probable @entity191 was confirmed in 83% of @entity1 with this diagnosis, including three (2%) in whom atypical features were found that were insufficient to discard a diagnosis of @entity191 . Two additional @entity1 (2%) were found to have possible @entity191 . However, in 15% of @entity1 the diagnosis was unequivocally rejected. Conversely, 13 @entity1 who had previously not been diagnosed with @entity191 (19%) were found to have this disorder. CONCLUSIONS: At least 15% of @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity191 in the population do not fulfil strict clinical criteria for the disease, and approximately 20% of @entity1 with @entity191 who have already come to medical attention have not been diagnosed as such.

title: How valid is the clinical diagnosis of XXXX in the community?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: @entity6732 ( @entity6732 ) is a rare malignancy that occurs in the soft tissues of the neck or in the thyroid gland. When it occurs in the thyroid, it is difficult to differentiate from @entity259 . Here, we report such a case. A 34-year-old @entity1 presented with a mass in the left lower neck in August 1999. Thyroid ultrasonography showed a hypoechoic mass, which replaced most of the left thyroid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology showed poorly differentiated @entity189 . He received left lobectomy in February 2001. Grossly, the mass measuring 3.7 x 3.5 x 3.5 cm was located in the lower part of the left lobe of the thyroid gland. The cut surface was yellowish gray. Microscopically, the @entity5 was separated into lobules by fibrous tissues infiltrated with small lymphocytes. It was composed of poorly differentiated squamoid cells and focal keratin pearls. Thymus-like tissue with Hassall's corpuscles was seen adjacent to the @entity5 cells. Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were positive for cytokeratin and @entity5893 , but negative for thyroglobulin. @entity957 arising from intrathyroid thymic tissue was diagnosed. Because of a dubious section margin, adjuvant radiotherapy with a total dose of 5000 cGy was given. There was no evidence of recurrence twenty months after surgery. Although @entity704 is rare, it should be differentiated from @entity2867 because these conditions have different prognosis.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation', 'CASTLE']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumor']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic effect of neoadjuvant treatment in advanced @entity5 is still debated because most studies included undefined T-stages, different radio/chemotherapies or different types of surgery. OBJECTIVES: To analyse the prognostic impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in @entity1 with clinical T3 @entity5 and oesophagectomy. METHODS: In a retrospective study 768 @entity1 from two centres with @entity16178 /Nx/M0 @entity5 and transthoracic en-bloc oesophagectomy were selected. Clinical staging was based on endoscopy, endosonography and spiral-CT scan. Propensity score matching using histology, location of @entity5 , age, gender and ASA-classification identified 648 @entity1 (n=302 @entity420 ( @entity420 ), n=346 @entity957 ( @entity957 )) for the intention-to-treat analysis comparing group-I (n=324) @entity1 with planned oesophagectomy and group-II (n=324) @entity1 with planned neoadjuvant chemoradiation (40Gy, @entity1487 , @entity900 ) followed by oesophagectomy. The prognosis was analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In the intention-to-treat analysis group-I had a 17% and group-II a 28% 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) (p<0.001). After excluding @entity1 without oesophagectomy the 5-YSR of group-II increased to 30%. The results were more favourable for @entity1 with @entity420 (5y-SR of 38%) compared to @entity957 (22%) (p=0.060). In group-II @entity1 with major response (n=128) had a 41% 5-YSR compared to 20% for those with minor response (n=155, p<0,001). In multivariate analysis neoadjuvant chemoradiation was a favourable independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by oesophagectomy results in 11% higher 5-YSR than surgery alone for @entity1 with @entity16178 /Nx/M0 @entity5 . This effect is due to the substantial prognostic benefit of the major responders.

title: Prognostic impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in XXXX @entity5 - A propensity score matched analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity16178 :: (285782,Gene) :: ['cT3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional doses of depot GnRH agonist may be excessive for ovarian stimulation. We compared half-dose depot @entity19040 (Group I) with reduced-dose daily @entity7458 (Group II) in a long protocol ICSI/embryo transfer through a double-blind randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) was started by a pretreatment with oral contraceptives for 21 days. Then, 182 @entity1 were randomized into two groups of 91. Group I received 1.87 mg @entity19040 depot i.m. followed by daily s.c. injections of saline. Group II (reduced-dose protocol) received a bolus injection of i.m. saline followed by daily s.c. injections of 0.5 mg @entity7458 , which was then reduced to 0.25 mg at the start of @entity1 menopausal gonadotrophin stimulation. When transvaginal ultrasound showed at least two follicles of 16-20 mm diameter, HCG was given and ICSI was performed 40-42 h later. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen in the mean (SD) number of follicles at HCG administration, as our primary outcome [10.3 (4.4) in Group I versus 11.1 (4.2) in Group II, P = 0.180, mean difference = 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.39-2.11]. The other early results of COS, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, or early @entity393 were also not significantly different between the groups. Group I endured longer stimulation period [11.2 (1.8) days versus 10.6 (1.9), P = 0.030]. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between Group I and Group II.

title: Clinical outcome with half-dose depot XXXX is the same as reduced-dose daily @entity7458 in a long protocol of controlled ovarian stimulation for ICSI/embryo transfer: a randomized double-blind clinical trial (NCT00461916).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity19040 :: ('MESH:D017329', 'Chemical') :: ['triptorelin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

entities_list: @entity7458 :: ('MESH:D002064', 'Chemical') :: ['buserelin']

answer: @entity19040 :: (MESH:D017329,Chemical) :: ['triptorelin']