abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report trends and characteristics of long-term opioid use for non- @entity5 @entity158 . METHODS: CONSORT (CONsortium to Study Opioid Risks and Trends) includes adult enrollees of two health plans serving over 1 per cent of the US population. Using automated data, we constructed episodes of opioid use between 1997 and 2005. We estimated age-sex standardized rates of opioid use episodes beginning in each year (incident) and on-going in each year (prevalent), and the per cent change in rates annualized ( @entity4901 ) over the 9-year period. Long-term episodes were defined as > 90 days with 120+ days supply or 10+ opioid prescriptions in a given year. RESULTS: Over the study period, incident long-term use increased from 8.5 to 12.1 per 1000 at Group Health (GH) (6.0% @entity4901 ), and 6.3 to 8.6 per 1000 at Kaiser Permanente of Northern California (KPNC) (5.5% @entity4901 ). Prevalent long-term use doubled from 23.9 to 46.8 per 1000 at GH (8.5% @entity4901 ), and 21.5 to 39.2 per 1000 at KPNC (8.1% @entity4901 ). Non-Schedule II opioids were the most commonly used opioid among @entity1 engaged in long-term opioid therapy, particularly at KPNC. Long-term use of Schedule II opioids also increased substantially at both health plans. Among prevalent long-term users in 2005, 28.6% at GH and 30.2% at KPNC were also regular users of sedative hypnotics. CONCLUSION: Long-term opioid therapy for non- @entity5 @entity158 is increasingly prevalent, but the benefits and risks associated with such therapy are inadequately understood. Concurrent use of opioids and sedative-hypnotics was unexpectedly common and deserves further study.

title: Trends in long-term opioid therapy for chronic non- @entity5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 is a severe form of @entity1032 which is associated with significant and long-lasting health, social and financial burdens.The aim of this project is to assess the efficiency of the antipsychotics used in Spain in reducing @entity161 relapses under the Spanish Health System perspective. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A decision-analytic model was developed to explore the relative cost-effectiveness of five antipsychotic medications, @entity14867 , @entity1770 , @entity1037 , @entity7302 Extended-Release (ER) and @entity1090 , compared to @entity1767 , over a 1-year treatment period among @entity1 living in Spain with @entity161 . The transition probabilities for assessed therapies were obtained from the systemic review and meta-analysis performed by National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). RESULTS: @entity7302 ER was the option that yielded more quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained per @entity1 (0.7573). In addition, @entity7302 ER was the least costly strategy (   3,062), followed by @entity1090 (   3,194), @entity1767 (   3,322), @entity1037 (   3,893), @entity14867 (   4,247) and @entity1770 (   4,712).In the incremental cost-effectiveness (ICE) analysis of the assessed antipsychotics compared to @entity1767 , @entity7302 ER and @entity1090 were dominant options. ICE ratios for other medications were    23,621/QALY gained,    91,584/QALY gained and    94,558/QALY gained for @entity1037 , @entity14867 and @entity1770 , respectively. Deterministic sensitivity analysis showed that @entity1090 is always dominant when compared to @entity1767 . @entity7302 ER is also dominant apart from the exception of the scenario with a 20% decrease in the probability of relapses. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may be of interest to clinicians and others interested in outcomes and cost of mental health services among @entity1 with @entity161 . @entity7302 ER and @entity1090 were shown to be dominant therapies compared to @entity1767 in Spain. It is worthwhile to highlight that @entity161 is a highly incapacitating disease and choosing the most appropriate drug and formulation for a particular @entity1 is crucial.The availability of more accurate local epidemiological data on @entity161 would allow a better adaptation of the model avoiding some of the assumptions taken in our work. Future research could be focused on this.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of antipsychotics in reducing XXXX relapses.

entities_list: @entity7302 :: ('MESH:C079150', 'Chemical') :: ['paliperidone', 'Paliperidone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity14867 :: ('MESH:C012052', 'Chemical') :: ['amisulpride']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations of @entity1030 (AECOPD) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for @entity1 with @entity1030 . AECOPD are the leading cause of hospital admissions in Canada. Although multiple guidelines have been developed for the acute and chronic management of @entity1030 , there are few quality assurance studies investigating adherence to these guidelines. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all @entity1 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in 2009 for an AECOPD was performed. Using a standardized data abstraction tool, adherence to current guidelines across different physician groups and @entity1 outcomes were assessed. Particular focus was centred on differences in management across physician groups. RESULTS: Overall, 293 @entity1 were evaluated. Of these, 82.6% were treated with one or more chronic @entity1030 medication(s) in the community, with only 17.7% of @entity1 treated with a long-acting inhaled anticholinergic medication. For treatment of AECOPD, 58% of @entity1 received @entity288 and 84% received antibiotics. Compared with general medicine and the hospitalist service, the respiratory medicine service demonstrated significantly better adherence with current treatment guidelines; however, even this was less than optimal. In addition, there was poor follow-up of @entity1 cared for outside of the respiratory service. CONCLUSIONS: The present study identified significant care gaps in the treatment of @entity1 admitted with AECOPD and on their discharge.

title: Variations in the management of acute exacerbations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: Study Design   Retrospective study. Objectives   To assess the @entity194 muscles (LPMs) as determined using magnetic resonance imaging in @entity1 with @entity179 ( @entity179 ) and focal disk herniation and to determine if @entity194 is associated with @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROMS). Methods   One hundred sixty-five @entity1 with lumbar @entity179 were identified from a PROMS database of >1,500 @entity1 . These @entity1 were divided into two study groups: @entity179 alone (n   =   58) and @entity179 with disk herniation (n   =   107). A grid was randomly applied to the axial scans at the L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 levels. The muscle-to-fat ratio of the LPMs was recorded and compared with PROMS data. Subcutaneous fat thickness at each level was also measured. Results   This study found no difference in the muscle-to-fat ratio between the @entity179 and disk herniation groups. There was no association between the muscle-to-fat ratio and PROMS data in either group. There was significantly more subcutaneous fat at all levels in the @entity179 group as compared with the disk prolapse group. In @entity179 and disk prolapses, subcutaneous fat was thicker in @entity1 (p   =   0.013 and 0.001). In @entity1 with @entity179 , more subcutaneous fat was associated with disability (p   <   0.001). Muscle content of erector spinae and multifidus negatively correlated with increasing age in both groups at the L3-L4 level. Conclusions   Muscle fat content in the LPM does not appear to relate to PROMS. Muscle content decreases with age. Those with @entity1643 ( @entity179 ) have greater subcutaneous fat thickness.

title: A Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Muscle Fat Content in the Lumbar Paraspinal Muscles with XXXX -Reported Outcome Measures in @entity1 with Lumbar Degenerative Disk Disease and Focal Disk Prolapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar degenerative disk disease', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['fatty atrophy of the lumbar paraspinal', 'fatty atrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: An iliopsoas @entity1410 can occur either spontaneously or secondary to @entity130 or @entity548 tendency due to @entity447 and anticoagulant therapy. Although @entity1575 is commonly associated with @entity1003 , iliopsoas @entity1410 is very rare. We herein, present a case of bilateral iliopsoas @entity1410 in a @entity1 with @entity7160 , and review the literature on @entity121 associated with @entity82 . A 56-year-old @entity1 with @entity7160 was admitted in a state of shock with @entity417 . The cause of @entity417 could not be detected, and the @entity1 was treated conservatively. The site of @entity548 was not detected with either @entity10189 or upper abdominal computed tomography, the latter of which did not include the iliopsoas muscle. He died on the 10th day of admission and bilateral iliopsoas @entity1410 were found on autopsy. An @entity68 stain was positive in the iliopsoas muscle. Eight cases of @entity121 associated with @entity82 , including the present case, were found in a review of the literature. Four of these cases involved the rectus abdominis muscle, 3 involved the iliopsoas muscle and 1 involved combined muscles. @entity7160 accounted for 75% of the cases. One case (12.5%) was associated with virus-related @entity82 , and another with combined virus- and @entity285 -related @entity82 . The mortality rate was 75% despite early diagnosis and low risk scores for @entity82 . @entity121 in @entity1 with @entity82 is closely related to @entity988 , and the mortality rate of the condition is extremely high. In conclusion, @entity121 should be recognized as an important complication of @entity82 .

title: XXXX : a critically important complication of @entity7160 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle hematoma', 'muscle hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['Alcoholic cirrhosis', 'alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Muscle hematoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Implantable devices treated with @entity2945 (PC) have been successfully used in cardiac, ophthalmic, and other applications. This surface modification has resulted in a reduction in the host inflammatory responses. This pilot study tested the safety and efficacy of PC treated @entity7502 mesh grafts implanted for the treatment of @entity3577 . STUDY DESIGN: Surgeons from five U.S. sites collected data on subjects implanted with Perigee IntePro Lite+PC. Pre-procedure data collected included demographics and prolapse severity. At follow-up, subjects were assessed for anatomical outcomes (success <=stage I POPQ or Baden Walker), symptomatic improvement, and complications, particularly mesh exposure. RESULTS: A total of 40 subjects were enrolled with 80% (32/40) of them completing at least 5-7 months of follow-up. Mean @entity1 age was 60 years (range 36-78 years) and the mean BMI was 28 (range 20-40). There were no cases of mesh exposure/extrusion or @entity738 formation. The anatomical success rate was 100% at 5-7 months (32/32). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first publication on pelvic mesh treated with PC. There were no adverse events attributed to this surface modification. However, as the numbers are small, the results are not statistically significant. PC surface modification of pelvic mesh shows promise in its application for the reduction of mesh related complications.

title: Does pelvic mesh treated with XXXX improve outcomes? An early experience.

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['phosphorylcholine']


abstract: Sexual differentiation in the brain takes place from late gestation to the early postnatal days. This is dependent on the conversion of circulating @entity251 into @entity53 by the enzyme aromatase. The @entity4252 was shown to alter aromatase activity and decrease serum @entity251 concentrations. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of gestational maternal @entity4252 exposure (50 mg/kg, NOAEL for reproductive @entity137 ) on the reproductive development of male offspring. Sixty-day-old male @entity35 offspring were evaluated for sexual behavior and partner preference; serum @entity251 concentrations, @entity53 , FSH and LH; the mRNA and protein content of LH and FSH; sperm production and the morphology of the seminiferous epithelium; and the weight of the testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles. The growth, the weight and age at puberty of the animals were also recorded to evaluate the effect of the treatment. The most important findings were increases in sexual partner preference scores and the latency time to the first mount; @entity251 and @entity53 serum concentrations; the mRNA expression and protein content in the pituitary gland and the serum concentration of LH; sperm production and reserves; and the height of the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules. We also observed an early onset of puberty but no effect on the body growth in these animals. These results suggest that maternal exposure to @entity4252 disturbed the masculinization process and promoted behavioral changes and histological and @entity4903 in reproductive parameters. These changes associated with the hypersecretion of @entity3800 increased gonadal activity and sperm production.

title: XXXX impairs male offspring reproductive development by disrupting gonadotropin expression.

entities_list: @entity4252 :: ('CHEBI:27744', 'Chemical') :: ['glyphosate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine problems']

answer: @entity4252 :: (CHEBI:27744,Chemical) :: ['Glyphosate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: : In November 2005, a new automated distal anastomotic device (C-Port) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) was cleared by the FDA for use in the United States. This study represents a prospective evaluation of our early experience using the device with graft patency assessment determined by 64 slice multidetector row computed tomography angiography (64CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: : @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass were evaluated preoperatively by cine angiography for possible use of the C-Port system. A final decision for its use was made clinically at operation based on target vessel and vein graft specifications. Patency of the grafts was evaluated at 1 to 7 months (average 91 days) by 64CT with IRB approval and signed informed consent. RESULTS: : The C-Port device was used to form 69 distal anastomoses in 50 @entity1 (46 CABG were performed off pump). There were eight misfires with no adverse effects for an immediate success rate of 88.4%. Thirty-five of 41 @entity1 were available postoperatively for evaluation by 64CT (85.4% follow-up). There was one @entity204 . Seventeen sequential anastomoses were excluded because of inability to reliably evaluate patency by 64CT. Four 64CT scans were uninterpretable. For the remaining 31 @entity1 , 64CT scans were used to evaluate for graft patency. The overall patency rate for all anastomoses was 94.5% (86/91) with selected patency for internal mammary artery of 100% (28/28), for C-Port connectors of 93.3% (42/45), and for hand-sewn venous end-to-side @entity254 of 88.9% (16/18). The difference in patency between C-Port anastomoses and hand sewn was not statistically significant (P = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS: : The C-Port system provides reliable and reproducible compliant automated distal venous anastomoses, which results in acceptable patency at intermediate follow-up. With proper training, the learning curve for using this connector system is relatively short and the need to abandon the procedure is low. 64CT is an excellent noninvasive method for cardiac surgeons and their institutions to accurately evaluate their actual surgical results.

title: Prospective evaluation of patency and early experience utilizing an automated distal XXXX device (C-port).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative death']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: From 1970 through 1987, 77 @entity1 with @entity5 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) alone at the Fox Chase Cancer Center or the Hospital of The University of Pennsylvania. All @entity1 had a pathologic diagnosis of @entity1149 and were not candidates for surgical resection because of premorbid medical problems or @entity1 refusal. The median age was 72 years, although 10 @entity1 were over 80. The histologic cell type was squamous in 44, @entity420 in 15, large cell in 3, adenosquamous in 1, non-small cell in 11, and bronchioli-alveolar in 3. @entity5 size was retrievable in 75 @entity1 and 25 were less than or equal to 3 cm, 41 from 3-6 cm, and 9 greater than 6 cm. Diagnostic staging varied during the study period. Twelve @entity1 , evaluated with a CT scan of the chest, including the liver, and a bone scan were classified as having "excellent" staging, 24 @entity1 with conventional tomography, liver-spleen scan and a bone scan had "good" staging, and 41 @entity1 were staged less rigorously. The RT was of megavoltage energy in all @entity1 . The median dose was 60 Gy. The mediastinum was treated in all but eight @entity1 who had poor pulmonary function. Survival was measured from the date of pathologic diagnosis. The actuarial 3-year survival rate of the entire group of @entity1 is 17% with a median survival time of 20 months. Of the 61 deaths, 51 were due to disease and 10 were due to intercurrent disease without evidence of @entity5 recurrence. The actuarial 3-year disease-specific survival (DSS) was 22%. The 3-year disease-specific survival for @entity1 with @entity5 less than 3 cm and from 3-6 cm was 30% and 17%, respectively. All nine @entity1 with @entity5 greater than 6 cm were @entity66 . Local progression occurred in 33 @entity1 , resulting in a 44%, 3-year actuarial freedom from local progression. The median time to local failure was 28 months and there were no local failures after 3 years in the 18 @entity1 eligible for observation beyond this point. Of the @entity1 with "excellent" staging, only 2 of 12 were @entity66 compared with 22 of 24 with "good" staging and 30 of 41 of the remainder. In this large group of Stage I @entity1149 , thorough pre-treatment staging and smaller @entity5 size are associated with a more favorable outcome.

title: The influence of @entity5 size and pre-treatment staging on outcome following radiation therapy alone for stage I XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dead of disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage I lung cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is a common @entity25 characterized by repetitive collapse of the @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ). One treatment option is a @entity1442 ( @entity1442 ) which protrudes the lower jaw, stabilizing the airway. However not all @entity1 respond to @entity1442 therapy and individual effects are not well understood. Simulations of airway behavior may represent a non-invasive means to understand @entity27 and individual treatment responses. Our aims were (1) to analyze @entity1224 occlusion and flow dynamics in @entity27 using the fluid structure interaction (FSI) method, and (2) to observe changes with @entity1442 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained at baseline and with @entity1442 in a known treatment responder. Computational models of the @entity1 ' @entity1224 geometry were reconstructed for both conditions. The FSI model demonstrated full collapse of the @entity1224 (maximum 5.83mm) pre-treatment (without @entity1442 ). The @entity1224 collapse was located at the oropharynx with low oropharyngeal pressure (-51.18Pa to -39.08Pa) induced by velopharyngeal jet flow (maximum 10.0m/s). By comparison, simulation results from the @entity1224 with @entity1442 , showed smaller deformation (maximum 2.03mm), matching the known clinical response. Our FSI modeling method was validated by physical experiment on a 1:1 flexible @entity1224 model fabricated using 3D steriolithography. This is the first study of airflow dynamics in a deformable @entity1224 structure and inspiratory flow. These results expand on previous @entity1224 models using @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ), and lay a platform for application of computational models to study biomechanical properties of the @entity1224 in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity27 .

title: Simulation of upper airway occlusion without and with mandibular advancement in XXXX using fluid-structure interaction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'Obstructive Sleep Apnea']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular advancement splint', 'MAS']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'upper airway']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity886 ( @entity886 ) is characterized by progressive accumulation of @entity296 ( @entity296 ). However, assessment of @entity296 accumulation has only been possible through histologic analyses of endomyocardial biopsies. We sought to evaluate contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ce-MRI) as a noninvasive method to identify the presence of increased @entity296 in @entity1 with severe @entity886 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 scheduled to undergo aortic valve replacement surgery were examined by cine and ce-MRI in a 1.5-T scanner. Cine images were used for the assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and function. Delayed-enhancement images were used to characterize the regions of @entity296 . In addition, histologic analyses of myocardial samples obtained during aortic valve replacement surgery were used for direct quantification of interstitial @entity296 . Ten additional subjects who died of noncardiac causes served as controls for the quantitative histologic analyses. RESULTS: Interstitial @entity296 determined by histopathologic analysis was higher in @entity1 with @entity886 than in controls (2.7% +/- 2.0% vs 0.6% +/- 0.2%, P = .001). When compared with histopathologic results, ce-MRI demonstrated a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 81%, and an accuracy of 76% to identify @entity886 @entity1 with increased interstitial @entity296 . There was a significant inverse correlation between interstitial @entity296 and LV ejection fraction (r = -0.67, P < .0001). Accordingly, @entity1 with identifiable focal regions of @entity296 by ce-MRI exhibited worse LV systolic function than those without @entity296 (45% +/- 14% vs 65% +/- 14%, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced MRI allows for the noninvasive detection of focal regions of @entity296 in @entity1 with severe @entity886 . Moreover, @entity1 with identifiable @entity296 by ce-MRI exhibited worse LV functional parameters.

title: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies focal regions of intramyocardial fibrosis in @entity1 with severe XXXX : Correlation with quantitative histopathology.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'interstitial myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease', 'AVD']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['aortic valve disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: The optimal approach to pre-operative imaging assessment of @entity788 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess accuracy and performance characteristics of EUS in determining nodal staging, vascular invasion, and prediction of resectability of @entity788 . A secondary aim was to perform head to head comparison of performance characteristics between EUS and CT for nodal staging, vascular invasion and resectability. DESIGN: Data from EUS studies were pooled according to bivariate generalized random effects model. Pooled estimates for CT were obtained from studies which performed head to head comparison between EUS and CT. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity788 undergoing pre-operative imaging assessment. INTERVENTION: EUS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of EUS for nodal staging, vascular invasion and resectability. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies were considered of which 29 met inclusion criteria with a total of 1,330 @entity1 . Pooled summary estimates for EUS-nodal staging were 69% for sensitivity and 81% for specificity. For vascular invasion, sensitivity was 85% and specificity was 91%. The sensitivity and specificity for resectability was 90% and 86%, respectively. CT scan showed lower sensitivity than EUS for nodal staging (24% vs. 58%) and vascular invasion (58% vs. 86%); however, the specificities for nodal staging (88% vs. 85%) and vascular invasion (95% vs. 93%) were comparable in studies where both imaging techniques were performed. The sensitivity and specificity of CT in determining resectability (90% and 69%) was similar to that of EUS (87% and 89%). CONCLUSIONS: EUS is an accurate pre-operative tool in the assessment of nodal staging, vascular invasion and resectability in @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Performance characteristics of endoscopic ultrasound in the staging of XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adenoviruses are a frequent cause of life-threatening @entity281 in immunocompromised @entity1 . Available therapeutics still cannot completely prevent fatal outcomes. By contrast, herpes viruses are well treatable with prodrugs such as @entity4540 (GCV), which are selectively activated in virus-infected cells by virus-encoded @entity1014 kinases. This effective group of prodrugs is not applicable to adenoviruses and other DNA viruses because they lack those kinases. METHODS: To render adenoviruses amenable to GCV treatment, we generated an adenoviral vector-based delivery system for targeted expression of herpes simplex virus @entity1014 kinase (HSV-TK) in wild-type adenovirus 5 (wt @entity11650 )-infected cells. HSV-TK expression was largely restricted to wt virus-infected cells by transcription of the gene from the @entity11650 E4 promoter. Its activity is dependent on the adenoviral E1A gene product which is not produced by the vector but is only provided in cells infected with wt adenovirus. The anti-adenoviral effect of HSV-TK expression and concomitant treatment with GCV was assessed in vitro in four different cell lines or primary cells. RESULTS: E4 promoter-mediated HSV-TK background expression was sufficiently low to prevent @entity137 in the presence of low-levels GCV in cells not infected with wt @entity11650 . However, expression was several-fold increased in wt @entity11650 -infected cells and treatment with low levels of GCV efficiently inhibited wt @entity11650 DNA replication. Genome copy numbers and output of infectious particles were reduced by up to   >   99.99% and cell viability was greatly increased. CONCLUSIONS: We extended the concept of enzyme/prodrug therapy to @entity9504 by selectively sensitizing adenovirus-infected cells to treatment with GCV.

title: Targeted expression of herpes simplex virus XXXX kinase in adenovirus-infected cells reduces virus titers upon treatment with @entity4540 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity4540 :: ('MESH:D015774', 'Chemical') :: ['ganciclovir']

answer: @entity1014 :: (MESH:D013936,Chemical) :: ['thymidine']


abstract: Novel male house @entity19 ( @entity19 ) can disrupt early pregnancy in females. Previous research focused on pheromonal rather than behavioral mediation of this phenomenon. In Experiment 1, novel males were housed with females shortly after insemination. Litter production was negatively correlated with the males' sexual activity. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a larger sample. In Experiment 3, females were exposed to castrated males. @entity251 -treated males completely blocked pregnancy, whereas untreated males did not. In Experiment 4, castrated @entity251 -treated males were presented at intervals after insemination. Pregnancy was totally blocked at Days 3 and 4 and mostly blocked at Days 1 and 2 but was less affected at Days 5 and 6. In Experiment 5, females were exposed through a wire-mesh grid to castrated males. Pregnancies occurred in all conditions, even with @entity251 -treated males. These data suggest a role for sexual activity in male-induced pregnancy blocks.

title: Partial mediation of strange-male-induced pregnancy blocks by sexual activity in XXXX ( @entity19 ).

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mus musculus']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of radiographic evidence of @entity6592 in a large population of @entity1 with @entity5144 . @entity1 AND DESIGN: @entity1 were recruited from 15 clinical centers. This was part of a large, multicenter study of @entity1 with an established diagnosis of @entity1691 , @entity5144 , or reactive @entity625 . For this cohort, an established diagnosis of @entity5144 was required, with cutaneous manifestations and involvement of at least three @entity2055 . At entry, @entity1 were not selected for the presence of axial involvement. Radiographs - one anteroposterior view of the pelvis and one oblique view of each sacroiliac joint - were graded using the New York classification scale by a musculoskeletal radiologist masked to the specific diagnosis and clinical symptoms. Re-evaluation of 10% of the films 3 years later quantified intraobserver variability. RESULTS: Two hundred and two @entity1 with @entity5144 were studied. Duration of the disease averaged 12 years; all @entity1 had @entity1569 and @entity625 . The prevalence of radiographic evidence of @entity6592 (grade 2 or higher) was 78%; 71% of these had grade 3 disease. CONCLUSIONS: Previously reported prevalence of @entity6592 in @entity1 with @entity5144 ranges from 30% to 50%. The prevalence of radiographic evidence of @entity6592 in this large multicenter cohort of @entity1 with @entity5144 was substantially higher.

title: The prevalence of sacroilitis in XXXX : new perspectives from a large, multicenter cohort. A Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'peripheral arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis', 'appendicular psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['appendicular joints']

answer: @entity5144 :: (MESH:D015535,Disease) :: ['psoriatic arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this small series, local intrasinus catheter-directed heparin infusion with or without balloon thrombectomy was safe in the treatment of dural @entity50 (DVST). Although systemic anticoagulation (SAC) is the treatment of choice, there is a lack of consensus regarding the best treatment should SAC fail or be contraindicated. We present our institutional experience with 16 @entity1 in whom failure of, or contraindication to, SAC occurred and who subsequently underwent intrasinus catheter-directed heparin infusion with or without balloon thrombectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 16 @entity1 ranging in age from 14 days to 77 years who had intrasinus catheter-directed heparin infusion was undertaken with 9 male and 7 female @entity1 identified. Of these 16 @entity1 , 4 (25%) had a contraindication to SAC and SAC failed in 12 (75%). Technically successful intrasinus infusion catheter placement was achieved in all 16 @entity1 (100%). Mean duration of infusion was 3.3 days (range, 1-6 days). Adjunctive balloon thrombectomy was performed in 9 (56.3%) of 16 @entity1 . No procedure-related mortality occurred. RESULTS: Partial and complete sinus recanalization occurred in 10 (62.5%) of 16 @entity1 and 1 (6.3%) of 16 @entity1 , respectively. There were 3 deaths (18.8%) attributed to disease progression. At most recent clinical follow-up (mean, 9.3 months), 11 (84.6%) of 13 surviving @entity1 were independent, with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or less. CONCLUSIONS: Local intrasinus catheter-directed heparin infusion with or without adjunctive balloon thrombectomy seems to be a safe and effective treatment of DVST in @entity1 in whom SAC failed or in whom there was a contraindication to SAC. In addition, the risk for symptomatic @entity932 may be significantly lower than intrasinus infusion of thrombolytics.

title: Intrasinus catheter-directed heparin infusion in the treatment of dural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity50 :: (MESH:D012851,Disease) :: ['venous sinus thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The sensitivity of X-ray mammography for the detection of breast malignancy in younger females is lower than that of breast MRI; consequently, guidelines recommend annual MRI for @entity1 with a significantly elevated lifetime risk. The improved signal-to-noise ratio obtainable at 3.0 T should result in data superior to those obtainable at 1.5 T. However, breast imaging on higher field strength systems poses specific problems. As a result, caution has been urged in the implementation of breast MRI at 3.0 T. The aim of this study was to determine if it is appropriate to use 3.0 T MRI in the screening of @entity1 by comparing the summary statistics achieved by this 3.0 T MRI programme against the published results of 1.5 T screening studies. METHODS: Over a 20-month period, 291 @entity1 referred with an elevated familial risk of @entity0 were examined at 3.0 T. Resulting images were scored based on the Royal College of Radiologists Breast Group imaging classification. The reference standard was a combination of histology and follow-up imaging. RESULTS: Follow-up data were available in 267 @entity1 . Analysis revealed positive and negative post-test probabilities of 28% [95% confidence intervals (CI); range, 10-60%] and 1% (95% CI; range, 0-2%), respectively. These results compared favourably against those of a recent meta-analysis [25.3% (95% CI; range, 18.4-33.8%) and 0.4% (95% CI; range, 0.2-0.9%), respectively]. CONCLUSION: Given the similar summary statistics between this work and the 1.5 T results, it would appear that screening of high-risk @entity1 at 3.0 T has potential. Further studies should be undertaken to verify this result.

title: Breast MRI at 3.0 T in a high-risk familial XXXX screening cohort: comparison with 1.5 T screening studies.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Management of lymph nodes in radiotherapy for @entity263 is an issue for curative intent. To find the influence of lymph nodes, @entity1 with @entity263 and surgically confirmed negative nodes were treated with radiotherapy. METHODS: After lymphadenectomy, 118 @entity1 received photon beam radiotherapy with 66 Gy to the prostate. No adjuvant treatment was performed until biochemical @entity177 . After @entity177 , hormone therapy was administered. Follow-up period was 57 months (mean). RESULTS: Biochemical @entity177 occurred in 47 @entity1 . Few failures were observed in @entity1 with low (24%) and intermediate risks (14%). In contrast, 64% of high-risk @entity1 experienced @entity177 , 97% of whom showed until 36 months. Most @entity1 with @entity177 responded well to hormone therapy. After 15 months (mean), a second biochemical @entity177 occurred in 21% of @entity1 who had the first @entity177 , most of them were high risk. Factors involving @entity177 were high initial and nadir @entity1486 , advanced stage, short @entity1486 -doubling time and duration between radiation and first @entity177 . Failure showed an insufficient reduction in @entity1486 after radiotherapy. Factor for second @entity177 was @entity1486 -doubling time at first @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Half of high-risk @entity1 experienced biochemical @entity177 , indicating one of the causes involves factors other than lymph nodes. Low-, intermediate- and the other half of high-risk @entity1 did not need to take immediate hormone therapy after radiotherapy. After @entity177 , delayed hormone therapy was effective. @entity1486 parameters were predictive factors for further outcome.

title: Outcome of XXXX with @entity263 treated by radiotherapy after confirming the absence of lymph node invasion.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['T1-T3 prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity32 plays a significant role in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) pathogenesis. Studies have shown that systemic, @entity1897 affect @entity195 @entity1 . @entity73 is a consistent finding in @entity195 and @entity2520 is a chronic, @entity1897 often resulting in @entity2524 . We hypothesized that older adults with periodontal @entity32 (PI) or many missing teeth would show @entity73 compared to subjects without PI or with few missing teeth, and among subjects with PI, those with many missing teeth would show @entity73 compared to those with few missing teeth. The effect of PI/ @entity2524 on cognitive function [measured by Digit Symbol (DST) and Block Design (BDT) tests] was assessed in 70-year old Danish subjects. We found: 1) subjects with PI obtained lower mean DST scores compared to subjects without PI (p < 0.05); 2) subjects with many missing teeth had lower mean DST and BDT scores compared to subjects with few missing teeth (p < 0.05); 3) the association of PI with DST and BDT scores was dependant on the number of missing teeth (interaction: p = 0.03 and p = 0.06); and 4) education and previous cognitive scores (age 50) were important covariates. Subjects with PI had significantly lower adjusted mean DST scores compared to subjects without PI. However for adjusted BDT, the significance held only for subjects with few missing teeth. No difference in the adjusted DST and BDT scores was seen between subjects with many missing teeth compared to those with few missing teeth. These results support the hypothesis that PI may affect cognition.

title: Periodontal XXXX in relation to cognitive function in an older adult Danish population.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive dysfunction', 'impaired cognition']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral infection', 'peripheral infections']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The advantage of retroperitoneoscopy in renal and adrenal gland surgery has been widely acknowledged. Retroperitoneoscopy may also be a useful approach to the pancreas, a retroperitoneal organ. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of retroperitoneoscopic pancreatectomy performed in an animal model and a small @entity1 cohort. METHODS: This study was divided into two stages. Initially, retroperitoneoscopic distal pancreatectomy was performed in 6-month-old Yorkshire breed piglets (n = 5; mean weight, 50    5 kg). Subsequently, seven @entity1 with suspected diagnosis of distal pancreatic lesions were selected between February 2010 and April 2011 to undergo retroperitoneoscopy. Approval was obtained from both the Animal Ethics Committee and the Institutional Review Board. RESULTS: In the animal models, retroperitoneoscopic procedures were accomplished smoothly with short operative time, insignificant @entity190 , and only minor complications. In clinical practice, @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity660 underwent enucleation (n = 2) or distal pancreatectomy with splenic preservation (n = 2). Operative times ranged from 30 to 100 min with controllable @entity190 of 10-100 ml. One case of intraoperative retroperitoneal perforation and two cases of @entity3472 occurred. All four @entity1 were discharged within 7 days postoperatively. The other three @entity1 with @entity66 underwent retroperitoneoscopic resection with excellent clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this preliminary study demonstrate that retroperitoneoscopic pancreatectomy, a novel surgical approach, was feasible and effective in selected @entity1 . The advantages of this approach include acceptable operating time, insignificant @entity190 , simple manipulations, minor complications, and excellent postoperative recovery time. Additionally, this study suggests that retroperitoneoscopy could also be feasible for treatment of retroperitoneal @entity66 .

title: Retroperitoneoscopic pancreatectomy: a new surgical option for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonpancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic disease']


abstract: Previously, we described some structural features of spherical particles (SPs) generated by thermal remodelling of the @entity21104 . The SPs represent a universal platform that could bind various proteins. Here, we report that entire isometric virions of heterogeneous nature bind non-specifically to the SPs. @entity406 (FA) was used for covalent binding of a virus to the SPs surface for stabilizing the SP-virus complexes. Transmission and high resolution scanning electron microscopy showed that the SPs surface was covered with virus particles. The architecture of SP-virion complexes was examined by immunologic methods. Mean diameters of SPs and SP- @entity9925 and SP- @entity3260 ) compositions were determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in liquid. Significantly, neither free SPs nor individual virions were detected by @entity35786 in either @entity926 . Entirely, all virions were bound to the SPs surface and the SP sites within the SP- @entity3260 complexes were inaccessible for anti-SP antibodies. Likewise, the SPs immunogenicity within the FA-treated SPs- @entity3260 compositions was negligible. Apparently, the SP antigenic sites were hidden and masked by virions within the compositions. Previously, we reported that the SPs exhibited adjuvant activity when foreign proteins/epitopes were mixed with or crosslinked to SPs. We found that immunogenicity of entire @entity3260 crosslinked to SP was rather low which could be due to the above-mentioned masking of the SPs booster. Contrastingly, immunogenicity of the FA-untreated compositions increased significantly, presumably, due to partial release of virions and unmasking of some SPs-buster sites after animals immunization.

title: Complexes assembled from XXXX -derived spherical particles and entire virions of heterogeneous nature.

entities_list: @entity21104 :: ('12242', 'Species') :: ['tobacco mosaic virus']

entities_list: @entity9925 :: ('138950', 'Species') :: ['human enterovirus C']

entities_list: @entity3260 :: ('10641', 'Species') :: ['cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV', 'CaMV']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['Formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity926 :: ('MESH:C537268', 'Disease') :: ['FA-crosslinked or FA-untreated compositions']

answer: @entity21104 :: (12242,Species) :: ['TMV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Response to chemotherapy is achieved in 60% to 70% of @entity1 with @entity3052 . The ability to predict responders may help in stratifying @entity1 and exploring different therapeutic approaches for nonresponders. Proteomics methods were used to search for predictive factors or combinations of factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood plasma samples from 41 @entity1 with confirmed @entity3052 with intermediate or poor cytogenetics were obtained prior to induction therapy for proteomic analysis. For each plasma sample, four fractions eluted from a strong anion column were applied to 3 different ProteinChip array surfaces and 12 surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization spectra were generated. Peaks that correlated with response were identified, and decision trees incorporating these peaks along with various clinical and laboratory findings were constructed to predict response. RESULTS: Multiple decision trees were constructed. One peak, when combined with age, provided strong positive prediction of responders with 83% accuracy. A second tree, which combined one peak with both cytogenetics and the percent of monocytes in peripheral blood, detected responders with 95% accuracy. A third peak was adequate to predict responders in the intermediate cytogenetic group with 86% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Proteomic analysis should be further explored to define factors important in predicting clinical response in @entity1 with @entity3052 .

title: Proteomics-based prediction of clinical response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: Maintaining an adequate metabolic control is still a challenge in many @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Among the many factors advocated to explain the failure to achieve recommended goals, clinical inertia is increasingly recognised as a primary cause of poor glycaemic control. The existence of a "metabolic memory" strongly supports the adoption of a more aggressive treat-to-target approach, instead of waiting for treatment failure. This approach may be particularly important in the initial phases of the disease, to slow the progressive decline of beta-cell function and improve overall outcomes. The fear of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 associated with most of the available treatments are among the main causes of clinical inertia, and strongly affect the attitudes of providers and @entity1 toward therapy intensification. The incretin-based therapies represent a new potential goal-oriented treatment approach. Two classes of incretin-based drugs have been developed: @entity6757 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and @entity5735 inhibitors ( @entity12350 and @entity12349 ). Incretino-mimetics have a peculiar mechanism of action that is associated with lack of hypoglycaemia and @entity353 or neutrality; these characteristics may facilitate therapy intensification and help to attain established goals. Furthermore, they can induce benefits in terms of post-prandial hyperglicemia control and beta-cell function preservation. An early use of this class of drugs may show a positive impact on the disease progression and a delay in the need of insulin injections.

title: Incretin-based therapies: a new potential treatment approach to overcome clinical inertia in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity12349 :: ('MESH:C502012', 'Chemical') :: ['vildagliptin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity12350 :: ('MESH:C496398', 'Chemical') :: ['sitagliptin']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: We have treated surgically 11 @entity1 with @entity259 that had infiltrated into the @entity825 . Three @entity1 had primary @entity5 , and eight had recurrent @entity5 after previous operations. Sleeve resection of @entity825 was performed where @entity259 had proliferated; the @entity825 was reconstructed by end-to-end @entity254 . In two @entity1 10 rings of the @entity825 were resected. In three @entity1 the anterior half of the cricoid cartilage was resected along with the cervical @entity825 . In one @entity1 tracheoplasty was performed using partial extracorporeal circulation because severe @entity6184 prevented endotracheal intubation. Two of the 11 @entity1 died from the surgery and one from disseminated @entity3 . One @entity1 who had undergone tracheal resection for @entity259 three years and five months previously had a recurrence of the @entity5 in the @entity825 adjacent to the @entity254 , and a second tracheal resection was performed. In three @entity1 @entity86 occurred. Five @entity1 are alive and well two years and one month to four years and seven months after their operations. The histological pattern of the @entity5 was @entity4937 in all 11 @entity1 .

title: Resection of XXXX infiltrating the @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative laryngeal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy has been documented to reduce acute @entity583 size. The previously established relation between initial ST segment elevation and final electrocardiographic (ECG) @entity583 size in @entity1 without coronary reperfusion might therefore be altered by thrombolytic therapy. The effect of intravenous streptokinase on this relation was therefore studied in 73 @entity1 with initial acute @entity583 who had participated in the Second International Study of Infarct Survival (ISIS-2). @entity1 who received streptokinase were considered as one group and @entity1 who did not receive streptokinase as a control group. Final @entity583 size, which was estimated from the QRS score, was predicted from the admission standard ECG by previously developed formulas based on ST segment elevation. In the 40 control @entity1 there was no change from ST-predicted to final QRS-estimated @entity1188 size (median 17.7% versus 18.3%; p = NS). In the 33 @entity1 in the streptokinase group, there was a highly significant decrease from predicted to final @entity583 size (median 21.9% versus 16.2%; p less than 0.0002). This decrease was found for both anterior (median 23.7% versus 19.5%; p less than 0.03) and inferior (median 21.9% versus 12.0%; p = 0.001) @entity1188 locations. Multiple regression analysis adjusting for differences in predicted @entity1188 size confirmed the significance of streptokinase on the difference in @entity1188 size (p = 0.006). Based on the variability of the percent change from predicted to final @entity1188 size in the control group, a threshold decrease greater than or equal to 20% is required for identification of salvage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intravenous streptokinase on the relation between initial ST-predicted size and final QRS-estimated size of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarcts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity91 surgery is often associated with severe perioperative @entity548 especially due to venae emissariae, resulting in large transfusion amounts of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). @entity190 from venae emissariae is usually reduced by the usage of bone wax. SeraSeal is a new hemostatic agent which might help to reduce transfusion amounts if used additionally to bone wax. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed with a retrospective control group (23 @entity1 ), treated only with bone wax and a consecutive prospective verum group (12 @entity1 ) treated additionally with SeraSeal. All @entity1 solely suffered from @entity91 , and were all treated by the same surgeons. Primary outcome variable was the volume of PRBC transfused during surgery. RESULTS: The numbers of PRBC transfusion was reduced significantly during the intraoperative period in the SeraSeal group (-44.5%, p  <  0.05) and also during the combination of the postoperative and intraoperative period (-59.3%, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Our analysis suggests that SeraSeal has a strong potential to reduce transfusion requirements in pediatric @entity91 surgery. However, we acknowledge that due to small numbers our trial can only be seen as hypothesis generating pilot study. We suggest that the effect of SeraSeal should be assessed prospectively in other studies.

title: Reduction of transfusion requirements in pediatric XXXX surgery by a new local hemostatic agent.

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Craniosynostosis', 'non-syndromic craniosynostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4446 ( @entity7275 ) is an antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drug. Recently, more @entity1 have received this drug during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown that @entity7275 has deleterious effects on the fetus, while @entity1 data include @entity3465 , intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weight and @entity600 that occur especially when the drug is administered in the first trimester of pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To study the effects of @entity7275 on cellular functions of @entity1 trophoblast explants. METHODS: @entity1 placental explants (5.5-9 weeks gestational age), that were grown on matrigel, were exposed to medium containing @entity7275 for 5 days. Medium alone served as control. Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell migration assessment was performed by visual observation. Analysis of proliferating events of the trophoblast cells was assessed by immunohistochemical examination. Apoptosis was analyzed by Tunnel procedure and by anti- @entity522 staining and hormone level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: @entity7275 inhibited migration of EVT cells from the villi to the matrigel with a lower proliferation rate and increased apoptosis of cytotrophoblast cells compared to controls. However, no significant effect of @entity7275 on hormone levels was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7275 inhibited migration and proliferation of trophoblast cells in first-trimester @entity1 placental explant culture.

title: The effect of XXXX on early @entity1 placental explants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity4446 :: ('MESH:D015122', 'Chemical') :: ['6-mercaptopurine']

answer: @entity4446 :: (MESH:D015122,Chemical) :: ['6-mercaptopurine']


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity1 suffered from @entity323 for 10 months. Five months before he developed difficulty in urination and walking because of his both @entity425 . He was admitted to the hospital because of @entity322 , @entity451 and @entity10 . Neurologic examination revealed neck stiffness and Lhermitte's sign. The cranial nerves were intact with the exception of choked disc. He had @entity425 of @entity1746 and right arm, and sensory loss on the right side including face. The plantar responses were extensor bilaterally. MR images revealed @entity4 in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord on a T 1-weighted image without enhancement by @entity7241 and diffuse high intensity of the spinal cord on a T 2-weighted image. MR image of the brain revealed the low intensity in the left temporal and occipital lobe with slightly enhancement by @entity7241 , the high intensity in the left temporal and occipital lobe white matter on a T 2-weighted image. Diagnosis of @entity706 (B cell type) was made by brain biopsy. Combined chemotherapy was performed and his symptoms resolved and the lesions on MRI disappeared. The number of cases of primary spinal intramedullary @entity706 was very rare and the majority of the cases had @entity425 in the @entity1746 in the initial symptoms. This is the first case which had @entity323 as the initial symptom. In addition, it must be taken into consideration of this disease when the @entity1 has @entity602 with unknown etiology.

title: [A case of primary central nervous system lymphoma with the onset of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse swelling']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['leg weakness', 'weakness', 'weakness or sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremities']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['occipital headache']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['impotence']


abstract: Kyphoplasty has been the standard procedure for @entity3604 for more than 5 years but the material costs are still very high. The aim of this study was to clarify whether @entity158 reduction could be achieved without increasing the rate of new @entity174 and also in what areas costs could possibly be reduced. From 15.01.2007 until 15.01.2008, a total of 100 @entity1 with 126 recent @entity3604 were treated by kyphoplasty with an average operation time of 38 min and follow-up times up to 12 months. During this follow-up period 15 lateral and 2 dorsal cement leakages remained asymptomatic and 1 dorsal leakage caused an @entity1746 , which was finally cured completely. All @entity1 were very content and @entity158 measured on the visual analogous scale could be lowered from 8.0 before the operation to 2.7 points after the operation. With material costs of 3,056 @entity7634 , there were additional operation costs of 247 @entity7634 per case. The average effective weight was 2.84. On average 7,810 @entity7634 returns could be achieved, deducting material and operation costs left 4,507 @entity7634 per case. More than 40% of gains were reinvested in operation and material costs. Within 12 months 6 new @entity174 occurred despite medicinal prophylactic treatment which could also be successfully treated by kyphoplasty. The average visual analogous scale after 12 months was 2.1 points.Kyphoplasty still causes @entity51 due to high material costs, however, @entity1 benefit from a reduction of @entity158 .

title: [Kyphoplasty in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['financial deficits']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic spinal fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ambiguity in relating expression dynamics of stress response proteins with @entity1 @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) has sidelined the potential of stress proteins as therapeutic targets. This study was an attempt to unequivocally relate the stress protein dynamics with stage and propensity of @entity1721 . METHODS: Surgically resected @entity5 and adjacent histologically normal tissue from 46 @entity1 with @entity1721 were investigated in the present study. Expression of HSPs was analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: HSP expression was observed in all 46 cases both in adjacent normal and @entity5 tissues. The expression and the localization of individual HSP showed no significant correlation with depth of invasion, @entity5 grade, and pathological stage of the @entity5 . @entity2284 was the most abundant protein followed by @entity4041 and @entity2285 . The @entity2284 localized exclusively in the cytoplasm of adjacent normal and @entity5 cells. @entity2285 showed dispersed expression with predominating nuclear localization in both normal and @entity5 tissue cells and @entity4041 was localized in cytoplasm of adjacent normal and in nucleus of @entity5 cells in majority of the cases. CONCLUSION: Our data advocate lack of relationship between stress protein expression and the progression of @entity1721 . The data renew the prospect of anti-HSP drugs as therapeutic resources in light of the possibility that their use would continue to sensitize @entity5 cells towards drug induced apoptosis for @entity5 regression.

title: Expression Profiling and Cellular Localization of Stress Responsive Proteins in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of XXXX Esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Fundoplication performed for @entity354 may be complicated by @entity86 despite successful reduction in reflux symptoms. This is more likely in those @entity1 with reflux who have concurrent @entity4423 . The aim of this study was to establish whether esophageal transit studies using a @entity1136 jello bolus (jello esophageal transit) could detect the presence of @entity1319 preoperatively and hence predict surgical outcome. Transit studies in 33 healthy volunteers yielded a normal range of 2 to 24 seconds using ninety-fifth percentile distribution. In the second phase of the study, 26 @entity1 accepted for laparoscopic fundoplication were enrolled: jello esophageal transit, manometry, and endoscopy were attempted preoperatively in all subjects. A clinical @entity1282 score was assigned from a questionnaire. Six months after surgery, five @entity1 had @entity1282 and of these four were found to have abnormal preoperative jello esophageal transit, for a sensitivity of 80%. Of the 21 @entity1 who had no @entity1282 after surgery, 20 @entity1 had normal preoperative jello esophageal transit, showing a specificity of 95%. This esophageal transit study is noninvasive, reliable, and sensitive. When performed prior to fundoplication, it appears to be of significant value in detecting a @entity1319 that predisposes to @entity86 . Jello esophageal transit may assist the surgeon in planning treatment of @entity354 .

title: Preoperative esophageal transit studies are a useful predictor of XXXX after fundoplication.

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4423 :: ('MESH:D015154', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal dysmotility']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders', 'subtle functional motility disorder']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['dysphagia']


abstract: @entity3001 can be classified using the terminology of syphilis. In this series of 95 cases from the upper midwest, early cases, defined as an illness of less than 2 months, were more likely to have lived in or recently visited a highly endemic area. Unlike late cases, early cases presented entirely in the nonwinter months (p less than .001). Early disease was further subdivided into primary and secondary disease. Ninety percent of primary and 43% of secondary cases had @entity8831 , while no late cases had active @entity8831 (p less than .001). Clinical manifestations of nonspecific @entity32 , except for @entity4841 , were more common in early than late disease (p less than .01). In secondary cases, monoarticular @entity625 was slightly more common than @entity625 , with the reverse occurring in late disease (p less than .05). Indirect fluorescent antibody testing revealed a ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies to be helpful in distinguishing early from late disease. Antibacterial therapy in early, primary cases caused Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction 7% of the time. Despite longer and more frequent parenteral therapy, late @entity3001 frequently required retreatment, owing to poor clinical response (p less than .05).

title: XXXX : clinical features, classification, and epidemiology in the upper midwest.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['polyarticular arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['Lyme disease']


abstract: CONTEXT: Olive [ @entity4135 . (Oleaceae)] is a long-lived evergreen tree that is widespread in different parts of the world. OBJECTIVE: Olive oil has been reported to relieve @entity158 ; however, there is still insufficient data in the literature on the subject. Thus, it is considered worthwhile investigating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil in adult male Balb/C @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antinociceptive effects were studied using @entity406 , hot plate and writhing tests. The acute anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil in @entity19 were studied using xylene ear @entity4 test. Olive oil (1, 5 and 10   ml/kg body wt.) was injected intraperitoneally. Intact animals served as controls. RESULTS: Our results showed that the olive oil only decreased the second phase of @entity406 -induced @entity158 . In the hot plate test, olive oil did not raise the @entity158 threshold over the 60   min duration of the test. Olive oil exhibited antinociceptive activity against writhing-induced @entity158 by @entity1543 . In the xylene ear @entity4 test, olive oil showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the @entity19 . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present data indicated that olive oil has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in @entity19 but further investigation of these effects is required to elucidate the mechanism(s) involved in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of @entity4135 oil.

title: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of olive oil ( XXXX L.) in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity4135 :: ('4146', 'Species') :: ['Olea europaea L', 'Olea europaea']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity4135 :: (4146,Species) :: ['Olea europeae']


abstract: We observed the three-dimensional structures of the external surface and connective tissue cores CTCs, after exfoliation of the epithelium of the lingual papillae (filiform, fungiform, and foliate papillae) of the common @entity17179 ( @entity17179 amphibius) using scanning electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. Following unique features were found; typical @entity1829 with a circumferential furrow were not observable. Instead, numerous large fungiform papillae were rather densely distributed on the posterior of the lingual prominence. Taste buds were observable only on the dorsal epithelium. Serous lingual gland was not seen in the lamina propria; however, mucous-rich mixed lingual glands were found and in a few of orifices were seen on the large fungiform tops. Lingual prominence was diminished their width. Rather long and slender @entity1829 were distributed on the lingual prominence and were similar to nonruminant herbivore, that is @entity15382 . Beside this narrow lingual prominence, lateral slopes were situated with numerous short spine-like protrusions. After removal of the epithelium, CTCs of lateral slopes exhibited attenuated flower bud structures. Large- @entity1829 were situated on the root of the tongue. These large @entity1829 were not seen among ruminants and seen on the lingual root of omnivores and carnivores. It implies that lingual structure of common @entity17179 possessed mixed characteristics between Perissodactyls, Ruminantia, and nonherbivores such as Suiformes because of their unique evolutionally taxonomic position. Moreover, adaptation for soft grass diet and associating easier mastication may be also affecting these mixed morphological features of the tongue.

title: Light and scanning electron microscopic study on the tongue and lingual papillae of the common XXXX , @entity17179 amphibius.

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['conical papillae', 'vallate papillae']

entities_list: @entity17179 :: ('9833', 'Species') :: ['Hippopotamus amphibius', 'hippopotamus']

answer: @entity17179 :: (9833,Species) :: ['hippopotamus']


abstract: The potential difference across the rectal mucosa (rectal p.d.) is generated by the active transport of @entity1372 across the mucosa, and it is sensitive to the action of @entity1369 . The rectal p.d. values of @entity308 @entity1 on no treatment, tested whilst @entity308 or after recovery, were found to be similar to those of control subjects, indicating that @entity1372 transport across the rectal mucosa and the activity of @entity1369 were normal in these @entity1 . This contrasts with previous reports of abnormalities of @entity1372 transport and of @entity1369 levels in @entity308 @entity1 . @entity308 @entity1 taking @entity3486 as a prophylactic agent were found to have significantly elevated rectal p.d. values when normothymic. @entity1 who had become @entity308 whilst taking @entity1091 , and in whom prophylaxis had therefore failed, were found to have normal rectal p.d. values. Lack of elevation of rectal p.d. in response to @entity1091 administration may be a characteristic of @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity1091 prophylaxis.

title: The potential difference across the rectal mucosa during @entity308 and XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Manic-depressive', 'depressed', 'manic-depressive', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3486 :: ('MESH:D016651', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium carbonate']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Uterine @entity1377 (UPSC) is an @entity146 with a histologic appearance and pattern of spread that resembles that of @entity4937 . The current standard therapy for advanced @entity43 , @entity900 or @entity3003 plus @entity1311 , results in high objective response rates for that @entity5 . This regimen has thus far not been evaluated in UPSC. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with UPSC treated with @entity902 -based chemotherapy and @entity1311 were retrospectively evaluated. Eighteen @entity1 received these agents in the adjuvant setting (n = 9) or for disease persistent after initial surgical management (n = 9). Eleven @entity1 received one or more courses of this drug combination for recurrent disease, 5 of whom had prior exposure in the initial setting. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 35 months (range 6-72+). A median progression-free interval (PFI) of 30 months (range 8-61+) was seen in @entity1 treated in the adjuvant setting. Objective response, indicated by normalization of an elevated prechemotherapy @entity10224 level, was seen in 8 of 9 @entity1 treated for @entity66 after initial surgery (median PFI of 13 months, range 5-38+). Objective response of both measurable and/or evaluable disease was seen in 7 of 11 @entity1 treated for recurrent disease (median PFI of 9 months, range 4-18). Six @entity1 had retreatment with one or both agents and 4 responded a second time. Overall, the regimen was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: @entity1311 and @entity902 -based chemotherapy has demonstrated activity in UPSC with acceptable @entity137 . These results merit further investigation of the possible role of these agents in @entity1 with this aggressive histologic subtype.

title: The use of @entity1311 and @entity902 -based chemotherapy in uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: The diagnosis and treatment of 20 hospital @entity1 seen in the past year with proven @entity55 caused by coliforms and @entity796 are discussed. Predisposing factors and methods for improving laboratory and clinical diagnosis are analysed, the main problem being to discriminate between genuine @entity55 caused by these organisms and mere contamination of sputum samples resulting from colonization of the upper respiratory tract following broad-spectrum chemotherapy. Overall initial chemotherapy with @entity801 cured 75% (15 out of 20) of the @entity1 in spite of unfavourable underlying pathology. Where @entity801 was given in adequate dosage, which in practice meant that dose which produced peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more, the cure rate was 91% (11 out of 12). In those @entity1 achieving (measured) peak serum concentrations of less than 8 mug/ml the cure rate was only 33% (4 out of 12). These figures include four @entity1 who failed to respond to doses of @entity801 producing peak concentrations of 5-0-6-0 mug/ml in each case. These @entity1 responded promptly to higher doses (or accumulation), producing peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more and were then cured within three to five days. @entity137 from @entity801 was not observed in any @entity1 . These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor @entity801 therapy by laboratory assay to ensure adequate dosage and that peak serum concentrations of 8 mug/ml or more are significantly correlated with successful treatment of @entity55 caused by coliforms and Ps. aeruginosa.

title: @entity55 caused by coliforms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify immunoglobulin and @entity6300 on circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and to determine whether immunoglobulin and @entity6300 levels are correlated with clinical and serologic parameters. METHODS: Sixty-eight clinically well-characterized @entity1252 @entity1 , 38 healthy controls, 6 @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ), and 6 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) were included. The numbers of annexin V-binding MPs displaying IgG, IgM, or @entity6300 were enumerated by flow cytometry. @entity2468 protein levels were determined by mass spectrometry in clinically defined subsets of @entity1252 @entity1 and controls. The @entity2468 IgG load was determined by flow cytometric analysis of all samples from @entity1252 @entity1 and healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly increased total and relative numbers of IgG-positive MPs (P = 0.0004), with a much higher average IgG load per @entity2468 (P < 0.0001) than healthy controls. Quantitative mass spectrometry of purified MPs verified significantly increased IgG, IgM, and @entity6300 levels in @entity1252 @entity1 . In @entity309 and @entity785 @entity1 , the average IgG load per @entity2468 was significantly lower than in @entity1252 @entity1 (P = 0.006 and P = 0.05, respectively). Also, the IgM load and @entity6300 load per @entity2468 were significantly higher in @entity1252 @entity1 than in the control groups (P < 0.05), except for IgM in the @entity309 group. IgG-positive MPs were significantly associated with the presence of anti-double-stranded DNA, anti-extractable nuclear antigen, and antihistone antibodies, with total IgG, and with decreased leukocyte counts. Average IgG load per @entity2468 was associated with lower concentrations of MPs, the presence of anti- @entity6300 antibodies, and complement consumption. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that circulating cell-derived MPs in @entity1252 @entity1 carry increased loads of IgG, IgM, and @entity6300 and that IgG MPs are associated with autoantibodies and complement activation. The findings link immunologic reactions on MPs with the etiology of @entity1252 .

title: Increased IgG on cell-derived plasma microparticles in XXXX is associated with autoantibodies and complement activation.

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gender on the functional outcome after @entity385 . In a retrospective chart review we studied 919 survivors of @entity385 admitted for rehabilitation at a geriatric rehabilitation ward of a university affiliated hospital. Functional outcome of female and male @entity1 was assessed by @entity177 ( @entity177 ) at admission and discharge. Data were analyzed by t test, Chi-square test and Linear Regression. A total number of 919 @entity1 were admitted of whom 56% were males. A higher proportion of male @entity1 reported @entity741 (p<0.001), @entity1007 (p=0.035), @entity191 (p=0.044), and previous @entity64 (p<0.001). Males had also higher Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (p<0.001). Total @entity177 at admission (62.54    25.98 and 66.00    25.49; p=0.043), and total @entity177 at discharge (80.39    30.35 and 85.59    29.08; p=0.008), motor @entity177 at admission (40.04    18.89 and 42.51    18.47; p=0.047) and motor @entity177 at discharge (56.41    23.04 and 60.44    21.84; p=0.007) were higher among male @entity1 . However, a trend for a borderline statistical difference was observed for @entity177 gains upon discharge between @entity1 and @entity1 . A multiple linear regression analysis showed that total @entity177 at discharge was neither associated with male nor female gender (b=-0.009; p=0.69). The findings suggest that the functional outcome of male survivors presenting for rehabilitation after acute @entity385 is slightly better. After adjusting for possible covariates, gender did not emerge as an independent predictor for higher @entity177 at discharge, suggesting that gender should not be held as adversely affecting rehabilitation of such @entity1 .

title: Gender and the functional outcome of elderly @entity385 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measurement']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) are subject to posture instability and falling. However, @entity191 was not included as one of the risk factors in commonly used @entity174 risk calculation tools and the @entity174 rate in @entity1 with @entity191 was rarely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of @entity173 in @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: Data were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The study group included 394 @entity1 with @entity191 diagnosed in 1999-2000. The comparison cohort was comprised of 3940 age- and sex-matched @entity1 from the same enrollment period. All @entity1 were tracked from their index visits for eight years. RESULTS: @entity173 developed in 10.4% of @entity1 with @entity191 and 4.1% of @entity1 in the comparison cohort during the follow-up period. Log-rank test analysis showed a significantly higher rate of @entity173 in @entity191 . The Cox proportional regression model showed an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.71 (95% confidence interval = 1.92-3.83, P < 0.001) for @entity1 with @entity191 . CONCLUSION: The @entity173 rate was as high as 10.4% in @entity191 @entity1 during 8 years follow-up period. While assessing the risk of @entity173 , @entity191 should be taken into consideration. For those very high risk @entity1 (elderly @entity1 with @entity191 , @entity170 , @entity6 and @entity3949 ), many efforts should be made to prevent @entity174 .

title: XXXX and risk of @entity173 : an 8-year follow-up study in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fracture']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: We used conscious tethered @entity35 to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of four sigma-1 (  1 ) agonists and five antagonists, given alone or in combination. All drugs were administered as a single intraperitoneal dose. The agonists were given at doses reported as efficacious in rodent cognition models, while the antagonists were administered at doses neutralizing agonist effects in vivo. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded for 20   min before and 60   min postadministration. Immediately after injection, a @entity101 was noted in all animals, because of the stress induced by handling. For both parameters, a peak value (/\HRmax and /\SBPmax ) and an area under the curve of changes from baseline over the period 5-20   min postinjection (/\HR_AUC5-20   min and /\SBP_AUC5-20   min ) were calculated. Three of the four   1 agonists (SKF-10,047, @entity2494 ( @entity2990 ), Compound 14) significantly reduced /\HR_AUC5-20   min value without changing /\HRmax , while the fourth one, @entity28257 , had no significant effect. None of the antagonists ( @entity1767 , @entity21947 , @entity27182 , and @entity27181 ) reduced, and even one ( @entity1420 ) enhanced the stress-induced effects on HR. No changes in SBP were noted with any compound. When the antagonist @entity27182 was administered just before SKF-10,047, it completely reversed the inhibitory effects of the   1 agonist on HR increase. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time the involvement of   1 receptors in the regulation of handling-induced @entity591 in the conscious @entity35 . Although additional investigations are needed to fully understand this role, it might offer new therapeutic perspectives to   1 ligands in the cardiovascular sphere.

title: Inhibitory effects of sigma-1 ligands on handling-induced @entity591 in conscious tethered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['sudden, transitory increase in HR and SBP']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity21947 :: ('MESH:C034931', 'Chemical') :: ['rimcazole']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of a benefit-finding intervention, the key feature being the use of gain-focused reappraisal strategies to find positive meanings and benefits in caring for someone with @entity303 . METHODS: In a cluster-randomized, double-blind, controlled trial conducted in social centers and clinics, 129 caregivers aged 18   +   and without @entity73 , providing at least 14 care hours per week to a relative with mild-to-moderate @entity195 , and scoring   >=    3 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were studied. Exclusion criterion was care recipient having @entity304 or other forms of @entity303 . The benefit-finding intervention was evaluated against two treatment-as-usuals, namely, simplified psychoeducation (lectures only) and standard psychoeducation. Each intervention lasted 8 weeks, with a 2-hour session per week. Randomization into these conditions was based on center/clinic membership. Primary outcome was @entity308 symptom. Secondary outcomes were Zarit Burden Interview, role overload, and psychological well-being. Self-efficacy beliefs and positive gains were treated as mediators. Measures were collected at baseline and post-treatment. RESULTS: Regression analyses showed benefit-finding treatment effects on all outcomes when compared with simplified psychoeducation and effects on @entity308 and Zarit burden when compared with standard psychoeducation. Effect sizes were medium-to-large for @entity308 (d   =   -0.77 to -0.96) and medium for secondary outcomes (d   =    0.42-0.65 ). Furthermore, using the bootstrapping method, we found significant mediating effects by self-efficacy in controlling upsetting thoughts and positive gains, with the former being the primary mediator. CONCLUSION: Finding positive gains @entity308 and burden and promotespsychological well-being primarily through enhancing self-efficacy in controlling upsetting thoughts.

title: Short-Term Effects of a Gain-Focused Reappraisal Intervention for XXXX Caregivers: A Double-Blind Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'reduces depressive symptoms', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: Therapeutic approaches for @entity740 ( @entity740 ) have been able to reduce @entity644 , but not diminish the disease progression. We have demonstrated beneficial effects by injection of BM (bone marrow)-derived MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) from healthy donors in a @entity35 model with @entity740 . However, it has recently been reported that BM-MSCs derived from uraemic @entity1 failed to confer functional protection in a similar model. This suggests that autologous BM-MSCs are not suitable for the treatment of @entity740 . In the present study, we have explored the potential of MSCs derived from adipose tissue ( @entity361 ) as an alternative source of MSCs for the treatment of @entity740 . We have isolated @entity361 and evaluated their effect on the progression of @entity740 . Adult male SD ( @entity35 subjected to 5/6 NPX (nephrectomy) received a single intravenous infusion of 0.5 10(6) @entity361 or MSC culture medium alone. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by plasma @entity1011 measurement, structural analysis and angiogenic/epitheliogenic protein expression. @entity361 were detected in kidney tissues from NPX animals. This group had a significant reduction in plasma @entity1011 levels and a lower expression of damage markers ED-1 and a-SMA (a-smooth muscle actin) (P<0.05). In addition, treated @entity35 exhibited a higher level of epitheliogenic [ @entity28983 and @entity21405 ( @entity21405 )] and angiogenic [VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)] proteins. The expression of these biomarkers of regeneration was significantly related to the improvement in renal function. Although many aspects of the cell therapy for @entity740 remain to be investigated, we provide evidence that @entity361 , a less invasive and highly available source of MSCs, exert an important therapeutic effect in this pathology.

title: @entity1 mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue reduce functional and tissue damage in a XXXX model of chronic renal failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity21405 :: ('85272(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BMP-7', 'bone morphogenetic protein 7']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley) rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine the effect of supplemental dietary @entity620 (VC) and @entity270 (VE) on improving semen quality and antioxidative status in breeder roosters challenged with @entity619 ( @entity9170 ). 120 45-week-old Lveyang black-boned breeder roosters were divided into 5 experimental treatments, including negative group, positive group, and three trial groups, which were fed basal diet supplemented with 300mg/kg VC, 200mg/kg VE, or 300mg/kg VC and 200mg/kg VE (VC+VE). At 49 weeks of age, the positive control and trial groups were subcutaneously injected 3 times every other day with @entity9170 4 mg/kg body weight, the negative control group was sham injected with saline. At 50 weeks of age, average daily feed intake of birds challenged with @entity9170 significantly increased (P<0.05), however, serum @entity251 significantly decreased (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation of VC+VE enhanced serum @entity251 and sperm motility remarkably (P<0.05). There were no differences in sperm viability between the @entity9170 -treated groups. During the post-stress recovery period (52 weeks of age), dietary supplementation of VE and VC+VE significantly increased the body weight of birds under oxidative stress (P<0.01). VC, VE, and VC+VE groups had greater sperm viability than control group (P<0.01). Additionally, there was a decrease in the semen plasma @entity1234 content (P<0.05) of the VC and VC+VE groups, and in the testicular @entity1234 content (P<0.01) of the VE and VC+VE groups. In summary, VC, VE, especially their combination alleviate the oxidative stress induced by @entity9170 and are favorable for the fertility of breeder roosters.

title: @entity620 and XXXX supplementation alleviates oxidative stress induced by @entity619 and improves fertility of breeder roosters.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']