abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of FDG-PET in @entity0 in the diagnostic of primary @entity5 , lymph node staging, the detection of recurrent disease/ @entity3 , and the assessment of chemotherapy treatment. METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken. A search was made for primary studies, other systematic reviews, and health technology assessment reports in different databases. RESULTS: A total of 73 reports were included. FDG-PET does not appear to be sufficiently accurate to be used in isolation for ruling out the presence of a primary @entity5 . In lymph gland staging, FDG-PET does not appear to be accurate enough to detect occult axillary @entity3 or micrometastases (sensitivity 20 and 50%, respectively); sentinel node biopsy is required for confirmation. In the detection of bone @entity3 , FDG-PET should be complemented with other tests such as bone gammagraphy or SPECT. The assessment of response to chemotherapy, there seems to be no uniform criterion for establishing a standardized uptake value (SUV) for FDG that would allow responders and non-responders to be distinguished. CONCLUSIONS: FDG-PET is insufficiently sensitive to rule out small primary @entity5 . Due to the high number of false positives returned, it cannot replace axillary dissection in axillary lymph gland staging. A complete biochemical response identified by FDG-PET should not be relied upon to mean an absence of disease since the technique cannot detect residual microscopic elements.

title: A systematic review of FDG-PET in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity557 (TAFI) also known as plasma @entity16679 is activated by relatively high concentrations of @entity556 in a reaction stimulated by thrombomodulin. In plasma an intact factor XI-dependent feed back loop via the intrinsic pathway is necessary to generate sufficient @entity556 for TAFI activation. This @entity556 generation takes place after clot formation with consequent down-regulation of fibrinolysis. We developed a specific and sensitive assay for activated TAFI (TAFIa) and studied its factor XI-dependent generation during clot formation. In the absence of thrombomodulin, addition of 20 nM @entity556 to normal plasma generated 5-10% of the amount of TAFIa generated by 20 nM @entity556 in the presence of 8 nM thrombomodulin. Minimal activation of TAFI was detected in @entity1605 plasma when clotting was initiated by 20 nM @entity556 . Addition of 320-640 nM of @entity556 to @entity1605 plasma resulted in the same amount of TAFIa as in normal plasma, suggesting that approximately 50% of factor II has to be converted to @entity556 for extensive activation of TAFI. A Mab that neutralizes activated factor XII had no effect on TAFI activation indicating that an intact contact system is not necessary for the activation of TAFI. The dependency of TAFI activation of factor XI was tested using a Mab that neutralizes activated factor XI. When plasmas from 13 healthy individuals were tested, this Mab reduced TAFI activation by 65% (range 35-89%). Our results indicate that activation of TAFI in serum after clot formation can be quantitated and that it takes place in both factor XI-dependent and factor XI-independent mechanisms.

title: Factor XI dependent and independent activation of XXXX (TAFI) in plasma associated with clot formation.

entities_list: @entity16679 :: ('1360', 'Gene') :: ['procarboxypeptidase B']

entities_list: @entity557 :: ('1361', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['factor II deficient']

answer: @entity557 :: (1361,Gene) :: ['thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prognosis for @entity1 with intramural @entity3 (IMM) of @entity418 is poor. We examined the role of preoperative chemotherapy in the management of @entity1 with this disease. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with IMM of @entity418 received preoperative chemotherapy @entity900 on day 1 and @entity1487 on days 1 to 5. This regimen was repeated after a 3-week interval, except in @entity1 with @entity74 or severe @entity137 who received only one cycle of chemotherapy. @entity1 underwent surgery around 3 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. Clinical response was evaluated and survival was compared with that of @entity1 who did not receive preoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: @entity137 was manageable except in one @entity1 who experienced severe neurological adverse effect. The clinical response rate of the IMM was 66.7% (10/15) and the complete response rate was 6.7% (1/15); for the @entity75 , response rates were 86. 7% and 6.7%, respectively. All 15 @entity1 underwent surgery. Seven of the 15 @entity1 (46.7%) experienced @entity532 . The 5-year survival rate after surgery was 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative chemotherapy with @entity900 and @entity1487 is feasible in @entity1 with IMM of @entity418 . This regimen, however, does not improve survival and more effective treatment strategies are required.

title: Preoperative chemotherapy for XXXX with intramural @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['non-fatal operative complications']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal carcinoma']


abstract: The power of genetic analysis possible with the @entity238 , @entity238 , has yielded a detailed understanding of pattern formation controlled by homeotic and segmentation genes in early embryogenesis. We are studying the genetic regulation of embryogenesis in the @entity5399 , @entity5399 . The dynamic process of germ rudiment formation and sequential segmentation exhibited by Tribolium provides a context different than @entity238 within which to assess the function of homeotic and segmentation gene homologs. Our analyses of the genes in the HOM-C suggest many similarities in structure and function with the well-characterized @entity238 genes. Abdominal resembles its @entity238 homolog @entity4534 in functioning to establish segmental identities in the abdomen, such that in each case mutations result in homeotic transformations to @entity53425 . Although the anterior functional boundary of @entity4534 homologs is precisely conserved, the domain within which Abdominal is important extends more posterior than that of @entity4534 . The final expression pattern of the segmentation gene engrailed in Tribolium is identical to @entity238 , suggesting that these homologs are involved in a conserved developmental process. However, as expected the development of that pattern is different; engrailed stripes anticipate the formation of each new segment as they appear sequentially in the elongating germ band. Although the grasshopper even-skipped and fushi tarazu homologs are not apparently important in segmentation, the expression patterns of the Tribolium homologs strongly suggest that they have gained a role in segmentation in the lineage leading to beetles and flies. Nevertheless, differences between Tribolium and @entity238 in the dynamics of even-skipped expression and the fushi tarazu mutant phenotype indicate divergence in the regulation and roles of these genes.

title: Genetic control of early embryogenesis in the @entity5399 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5399 :: ('7070', 'Species') :: ['red flour beetle', 'Tribolium castaneum']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fruit fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity5399 :: (7070,Species) :: ['Tribolium castaneum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathophysiological models of @entity162 postulate that @entity1316 arises from fronto-limbic dysfunction, marked by reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) inhibitory control. This might occur due to both disruptions within PFC networks and abnormal inhibition over subcortical structures involved in emotional processing. However, no study has examined global PFC dysconnectivity in @entity162 and tested whether regions with within-PFC dysconnectivity also exhibit fronto-limbic connectivity deficits. Furthermore, no study has investigated whether such connectivity disruptions differ for @entity162 @entity1 with @entity716 history, who might exhibit a more severe clinical course. METHODS: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging at 3T in 68 remitted @entity162 @entity1 (34 with @entity716 history) and 51 demographically matched healthy @entity1 . We employed a recently developed global brain connectivity method, restricted to PFC (rGBC). We also independently tested connectivity between anatomically defined amygdala and PFC. RESULTS: Bipolar @entity1 exhibited reduced medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) rGBC, increased amygdala-mPFC connectivity, and reduced connectivity between amygdala and dorsolateral PFC. All effects were driven by @entity716 history. Moreover, the magnitude of observed effects was significantly associated with lifetime psychotic symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS: This convergence between rGBC, seed-based amygdala findings, and symptom severity analyses highlights that mPFC, a core emotion regulation region, exhibits both within-PFC dysconnectivity and connectivity abnormalities with limbic structures in @entity162 . Furthermore, lateral PFC dysconnectivity in @entity1 with @entity716 history converges with published work in @entity161 , indicating possible shared risk factors. Observed dysconnectivity in remitted @entity1 suggests a @entity162 trait characteristic and might constitute a risk factor for phasic features of the disorder.

title: Global prefrontal and fronto-amygdala dysconnectivity in @entity162 with XXXX history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar illness', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: The implantation of fetal nigral tissue into the striatum of @entity1 with @entity191 is a promising approach to treatment which may produce clinical benefit partly by influencing drug responsiveness. The purpose of the present study was to determine the pharmacological mechanisms which drug response changes by measuring to what extent sensitization produced by repeated @entity3826 treatment was attenuated by tissue implantation in @entity35 with @entity75 . Prior to implantation of nigral cell suspensions, the daily administration of @entity3826 to @entity35 with unilateral @entity2955 lesions produced a progressive increase in the magnitude and duration of rotational behaviour. After implantation, @entity3826 -induced rotational effects were reduced to levels observed upon the initial exposure to drug and did not increase following repeated treatment. Attenuated responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists were also observed after implantation. In vehicle-implanted @entity35 , the initial response to @entity3826 was attenuated but then increased following repeated @entity3826 administration. No attenuation in responses to selective D1 and D2 agonists was observed in this group. Cell suspensions prepared from fresh and cyropreserved tissue produced similar behavioural effects, even though the volume of transplanted striatum exhibiting @entity669 hydroxylase activity was greater with fresh tissue. The duration of rotational behaviour induced by @entity3826 was not affected by cell implantation. These findings suggest that the expression of sensitization in an animal model of @entity304 may disappear after a period without drug treatment. Implantation of nigral tissue may produce beneficial results in @entity304 by limiting the development of @entity935 agonist-induced sensitization.

title: The effect of nigral implantation on sensitization to XXXX agonists in @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['nigrostriatal lesions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: Although exposure of LLC-PK1 epithelial cell sheets to @entity4996 ( @entity865 ) causes a near immediate and total decrease of transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), continuation of exposure for 3 to 4 days results in a tachyphylactic response as TER begins to return to control levels. Recovery of TER is maximal by 5 to 6 days, but reaches only 70 to 80% of control level. A reciprocal change in the transepithelial flux of @entity2656 indicates that the TER decrease is indicative of an increase in tight junction permeability. Exposure of cell sheets to @entity865 for several days also results in the appearance of multilayered @entity1127 -like foci (PLFs) across the otherwise one cell layer thick cell sheets. The pattern of penetration of the electron dense dye, @entity3739 red, from the apical surface, across the tight junction and into the lateral intercellular space indicates that the tight junctions of the cell sheet become uniformly leaky after acute exposure to @entity865 . However, when exposure is continued for several days, only the junctions of cells in the PLFs manifest @entity5082 . The decrease in TER following acute @entity865 exposure correlates with the translocation of @entity53212 ( @entity6164 alpha) into a membrane-associated compartment. With exposure of several days, only a trace of @entity6164 alpha is visible by Western immunoblot, and this is in the membrane-associated compartment. Immunofluorescent microscopy indicates that the trace of @entity6164 alpha seen in the Western immunoblots is ascribable distinctly to cells of the PLFs. Monolayer areas between PLFs show no discernible immunofluorescent signal. The data therefore indicate that tight junction barrier function may be restored in certain areas by the down regulation of @entity6164 alpha from the membrane-associated compartment. Failure to down regulate may result in the paracellular @entity5082 and abnormal cell architecture of the PLFs. Possible implications of this model for in vivo @entity5 promotion are discussed.

title: Transepithelial paracellular @entity5082 induced by chronic phorbol ester exposure correlates with XXXX -like foci and redistribution of @entity53212 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['D-mannitol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial tumor']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity5082 :: ('MESH:C535298', 'Disease') :: ['leakiness']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol esters']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyp']


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary decompression has been used since 1973 as a preoperative surgical adjunct in @entity1 with @entity3883 . @entity5 seeding along the catheter tract is an unusual complication but it occurred recently in one of our @entity1 who had preoperative biliary drainage for four days. Four months after his pancreaticoduodenectomy, a 2-cm nodule developed at the catheter exit site. This nodule was a metastatic focus of @entity420 similar to his @entity788 . He died 1 month later and at autopsy was found to have numerous metastases along the catheter tract. A review of the world literature found 17 other @entity1 with this complication. Thirteen of the 18 total @entity1 had catheters placed for palliation, while 5 @entity1 underwent preoperative drainage before definitive procedures, and 4 of these @entity1 had undergone "curative" resections. Nine of the 18 @entity1 had @entity201 , while seven @entity1 had primary @entity3123 . Positioning of the catheter tip above the obstructing @entity5 and maintaining the catheter for only a short duration before operation (mean 8 days for resected @entity1 , range 2 to 16 days) did not protect against catheter-related @entity5 seeding. @entity1 with suspected malignant obstruction of the biliary tract who may have resectable @entity5 should not undergo routine preoperative biliary decompression. If, on exploration, the @entity5 is found to be unresectable, then a palliative bypass may be performed.

title: XXXX seeding from percutaneous biliary catheters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction from cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine occurrence of @entity291 's @entity14569 intolerance (CMPI) in newborns that underwent small intestine surgery and the clinical profiles of those newborns with postoperative CMPI, and to evaluate the preventive effects of probiotics on CMPI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed from 2000 to 2009, a total of 30 newborns required surgery on their small intestines. All of these @entity1 had received antibiotics to prevent @entity86 . Since 2005 we adopted a protocol of targeted probiotic therapy prophylaxis. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 received probiotic therapy, while twelve did not. One @entity1 among those eighteen @entity1 and eight @entity1 among those twelve developed CMPI, a significantly lower rate for the group with probiotic therapy than that without it (p < 0.001). @entity1 with positive cultures for gram positive and gram negative organisms increased in number before and after surgery but then decreased after probiotics treatment. Poor weight gain, @entity344 , and rise in @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were observed in all of those nine CMPI @entity1 . Specific IgE antibodies were elevated in four of the nine subjects, and total IgE levels were elevated in seven of them. All CMPI @entity1 had increased level of @entity1851 without proven infections. CONCLUSIONS: CMPI was induced in newborns after surgery on their small intestines and antibiotics treatment with presentation of symptoms that mimic @entity86 . Development of CMPI in this population possibly involves @entity1944 . Administration of probiotics can reduce the incidence of CMPI after small intestine surgery. The elevated @entity1851 level may be useful in the diagnosis of CMPI.

title: Prophylactic probiotics reduce @entity291 's @entity14569 intolerance in neonates after small intestine surgery and antibiotic treatment presenting symptoms that mimics XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['disruption of intestinal flora']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: The complex role of drug metabolism-related enzymes and their possible influence in @entity5 development, treatment and outcome has not yet been completely elucidated. There is evidence that these enzymes can activate certain environmental procarcinogens to more toxic derivatives and thus a role has been proposed for them in @entity105 . The fact that they can also inactivate a number of chemotherapeutic drugs has raised the possibility of these enzymes influencing the sensitivity of @entity5 cells to anticancer agents. In this report, we analyse the expression of drug metabolism-related genes within a whole genome microarray study of 104 @entity0 and 17 normal breast specimens. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Chi-squared, and Cox Regression analyses were used to identify associations between expression of gene transcripts and @entity1 ' clinicopathological and survival data. Our results show that several of these genes are significantly expressed in both normal and @entity5 tissue; in many cases, expression is altered in the @entity5 specimens as compared to normal breast tissue. Moreover, expression of @entity7040 and @entity56961 was correlated with prognosis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed expression of @entity7040 mRNA to correlate significantly with favourable disease outcome for @entity1 , in terms of both their disease-free survival (P = 0.0094) and overall survival (P = 0.0018) times from diagnosis, while detection of @entity56961 mRNA correlated with shortened disease-free survival (P = 0.0131) and overall survival (P = 0.0028). Multivariate analysis indicated @entity56961 expression to be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (P = 0.045). Our results suggest a possible use of @entity7040 and @entity56961 as prognostic @entity0 biomarkers.

title: Drug metabolism-related genes as potential biomarkers: analysis of expression in normal and XXXX breast tissue.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: The occurrence of primary @entity6010 is rare. We report 2 separate cases of primary @entity6010 , both of which are associated with prominent overlying @entity5656 . The first case was in a 38-year-old @entity1 with overlying @entity9284 . The second case was in a 93-year-old @entity1 with epidermal changes reminiscent of a @entity24113 . Histologically, both lesions were composed of a proliferation of @entity129 with spindled Schwann cells and axons with intermingled ganglion cells. Immunohistochemistry for neurofilament highlighted nerve fascicles; @entity4483 protein displayed the associated Schwann cells, and @entity3508 stained the interspersed ganglion cells. Variation in immunohistochemical staining was present between the 2 cases. A review of the literature demonstrates variable immunohistochemical staining of ganglion and Schwann cells in prior cases. Familiarity with these findings is important in establishing a diagnosis. The significance of the associated @entity5656 remains speculative.

title: XXXX associated with overlying hyperkeratotic epidermal changes: a report of 2 cases.

entities_list: @entity6010 :: ('MESH:D005729', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous ganglioneuroma']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic nerve fibers']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['verrucous keratosis']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity24113 :: ('MESH:D017492', 'Disease') :: ['seborrheic keratosis']

answer: @entity6010 :: (MESH:D005729,Disease) :: ['Cutaneous ganglioneuroma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect if Fas is expressed in @entity1 renal interstitial fibroblasts (hRIFs) and apoptosis of hRIFs can be induced by specific anti-Fas antibody. METHODS: hRIFs were cultured from isolated papillae of @entity1 kidney, and identified by morphologic examination, assay of antigenic components and culture in @entity49806 selective medium. Fas expression in normal hRIFs was detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry staining. After hRIFs were incubated with @entity379 /ml, 1000 U/ml, 1500 U/ml and 2000 U/ml, respectively) for 48 hours, Fas expression was determined by Northern blot, Western blot and flow cytometry. hRIFs pre-stimulated with gamma-IFN (500 U/ml, 48 hours) were incubated with anti-Fas antibody (IgM, 0.5 microgram/ml) for 12 hours. And apoptosis was identified by morphologic examination, DNA ladder assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS: The cultured hRIFs showed a shuttle-like shape and were positively stained by labeled anti-vimentin antibody but negatively stained by anti-epithelial membrane antibody. They could not grow in the @entity49806 selective medium and died partly in a week. Fas mRNA and protein were expressed in normal hRIFs and markedly upregulated by stimulation with gamma-IFN. Apoptosis in gamma-IFN pre-stimulated hRIFs was induced by anti-Fas antibody, showing cell nuclear shrinkage and condensation in morphologic feature, internucleosomal DNA fragmentation in DNA ladder assay and a pick of hypo-diploid nuclei by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: Fas is normally expressed in hRIFs and can be markedly upregulated by gamma-IFN. Anti-Fas antibodies can induce apoptosis of hRIFs pre-stimulated with gamma-IFN.

title: Anti-Fas antibody induces apoptosis in cultured XXXX renal interstitial fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (gamma-IFN 500 U']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical treatment of complex @entity1498 using partial cardiopulmonary bypass to increase the spinal cord protection. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity1 (age range from 7 to 48 years) underwent @entity1498 repair through a left posterolateral thoracotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass. Cannulation was performed via the descending aorta and the main pulmonary artery. In all, six surgeries were performed under hypothermic circulatory arrest and nine repairs were performed under mild @entity2332 . The clinical outcome regarding the development of restenosis, as well as major @entity16 , was studied. RESULTS: There was no mortality. None of the @entity1 developed @entity451 . Of the 15 @entity1 , two developed a recurrent @entity850 at the proximal anastomosis between the aortic arch and the aortic prothesis at a mean follow-up of 5.5 years. In the remaining 13 @entity1 , echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging showed no evidence of a significant gradient. CONCLUSION: Complex @entity1498 without @entity509 of the proximal aortic arch and @entity299 can be repaired with low mortality and neurologic morbidity via a left thoracotomy using cardiopulmonary bypass. The use of cardiopulmonary bypass goes along with a low risk of spinal cord and lower body ischaemia and provides a sufficient amount of time for the anastomoses.

title: Results of using cardiopulmonary bypass for spinal cord protection during surgical repair of complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complication']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['intra-cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['aortic coarctation']


abstract: The growth of @entity5 is highly variable and this probably reflects even its clinical course. The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 recognises an antigen present in the nuclei of cells in all phases of the cell cycle except G0. In the current study, we examined by immunohistochemistry the proliferative activity, based on Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67LI), in @entity406 -fixed and @entity982 -embedded sections of 152 @entity5 , being 70 gastric and 89 @entity14 . The results obtained were correlated with the clinicopathologic factors. The @entity189 showed a wide range of Ki-67LI, reflecting a variation in proliferative activity. The @entity5 labeling index ranged from 10 to 85 per cent positivity, being the mean level in @entity356 tissue 0.52 and in @entity14 0.44. There was also heterogeneity of labeling within many of the @entity5 . No significant correlation was found between Ki-67LI and sex, age, clinical stage in these @entity5 . In @entity14 , but not in @entity356 , high levels of Ki67LI have been correlated with poor survival. Ki-67 staining is a simple and useful method for estimating proliferative activity. The importance of Ki-67 as an indicator of @entity5 behaviour is not clear. In @entity14 this index may be used as a marker of prognosis.

title: Ki-67 as a prognostic marker in @entity14 but not in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the precursors of gametes responsible for genetic transmission to the next generation. They provide an ideal system for cryopreservation and restoration of biodiversity. Recently, considerable attention has been raised to visualize, isolate and transplant PGCs within and between species. In fish, stable PGC visualization in live embryo and individual has been limited to laboratory fish models such as @entity7021 and @entity3392 . One exception is the @entity5660 , which represents the only species with aquaculture importance and has GFP-labeled germ cells throughout development. PGCs can be transiently labeled by embryonic injection of mRNA containing green fluorescence protein gene (GFP) and 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of a maternal germ gene such as vasa, nos1, etc. Stable PGC labeling can be achieved through production of transgenic animals by some transcriptional regulatory sequences from germ genes, such as the vasa promoter and 3'-UTR. In this study, we reported the functional analyses of the @entity9855 vasa (Pmvas) regulatory sequences, using @entity7021 as a model system. It was showed that injection of GFP-Pmvas3'UTR mRNA was able to label @entity7021 PGCs during embryogenesis. Besides, we have constructed pPmvasGFP transgenic vector, and established a stable transgenic @entity7021 line exhibiting GFP expression in germ cells including PGCs, mitotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes, under control of the Pmvas transcriptional regulatory sequences. It is concluded that the Pmvas regulatory sequences examined in this study are sufficient for germ cell expression and labeling.

title: Transient and stable GFP expression in germ cells by the vasa regulatory sequences from the XXXX ( @entity9855 ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

answer: @entity9855 :: (143350,Species) :: ['red seabream']


abstract: It is presently unclear what role elevations in intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) play in the control of monokine secretion, or whether such alterations underlie the ability of physiologic stimuli to induce production of these important signalling molecules. To address these issues, we have performed experiments in @entity19 peritoneal macrophages to determine whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or @entity60 ( @entity60 ) initiate production of the proinflammatory monokine @entity777 ( @entity777 ) concomitant with elevations in [ @entity141 ]i and with kinetics similar to that seen with known @entity141 mobilizing agents. Alterations in [ @entity141 ]i after treatment with LPS, @entity60 , platelet activating factor (PAF), or @entity2426 were measured by fluorimetric methods. These effects were compared with the ability of each to induce @entity777 mRNA expression as measured by semiquantitative reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reactions. We report that neither LPS nor @entity60 elicited detectable elevations in [ @entity141 ]i but that both up-regulated expression of @entity777 mRNA expression within 60 min. In contrast, experiments using either @entity2426 or PAF showed rapid and dramatic elevations in [ @entity141 ]i with marked increases in @entity777 mRNA expression, as quickly as 15 min after initial exposure. Elevations in mRNA encoding @entity777 by @entity2426 and PAF were found to occur in a dose-dependent manner, mirroring their ability to elicit elevations in [ @entity141 ]i. These data demonstrate that LPS and @entity60 induce @entity777 message expression by means of @entity141 -independent signalling pathways. Furthermore, @entity141 -mobilizing agents that evoke monokine message expression do so far more rapidly than do LPS or @entity60 . Taken in concert, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that multiple signalling pathways exist by which production of proinflammatory monokines are initiated.

title: Differential kinetics for induction of @entity777 mRNA expression in XXXX peritoneal macrophages: evidence for @entity460 -dependent and independent-signalling pathways.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance of the percentage of serum @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) precipitated with @entity968 ( @entity970 ) for the detection of macroprolactinemia in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) @entity1 with @entity4089 . Serum samples from @entity1252 @entity1 were examined. Serum @entity4090 was measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and samples with @entity4089 (> 20 ng/ml) were submitted to @entity970 precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and affinity chromatography with protein-G sepharose. A comparative survey was used. Among 259 consecutive serum samples from @entity1252 @entity1 , @entity4090 was > 20.1 ng/ml in 43 samples (16.6%). Gel filtration showed a predominant pattern of macroprolactinemia (> 100 kDa) in 14 (32.6%), a predominant pattern of monomeric @entity4090 (23 kDa) in 27 (62.7%), and a variable pattern in two (4.7%). All sera with a predominant pattern of macroprolactinemia displayed anti- @entity4090 autoantibodies by affinity chromatography for IgG. The best cut-off point for percentage of serum @entity4090 precipitated with @entity970 for detection of macroprolactinemia was > or = 58.4%. Sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 96.6%, respectively. We can conclude that @entity970 precipitation is a convenient and simple procedure to screen for the presence of macroprolactinemia in sera from @entity1252 @entity1 . Precipitations > or = 58.4% are indicative of the presence of, and those < 50% the absence of, macroprolactinemia. However, samples with precipitations between 50 and 58.3% require gel filtration chromatography to characterize the predominant molecular form of @entity4090 . Therefore, it is important to take these findings into account in future studies that aim to establish a relationship between @entity4090 and disease activity in @entity1252 .

title: Detection of macroprolactinemia with the @entity968 precipitation test in XXXX @entity1 with @entity4089 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: To develop a more clinically relevant protocol and identify the best candidates for @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), we examined the pathological features of radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens of @entity1 who met the Japanese @entity3457 protocol criteria. Of 342 @entity1 who underwent RP between 2000 and 2010, 58 (17.0%) eligible for the Japanese @entity3457 protocol were retrospectively identified. Pathological features of biopsy specimens and RP specimens were compared to reveal the incidences of up-grading, up-staging and insignificant @entity5 . We also tried to identify preoperative clinical and pathological factors that accurately predicted the insignificant @entity5 in the surgical specimens. Up-grading (Gleason score >= 7) and upstaging (>= pT3) were observed in 32 (55.2%) and 6 (10.3%) @entity1 , respectively. Insignificant @entity5 was observed in 19 (32.8%). Dominant @entity5 were located in the peripheral zone (PZ) in 34 (58.6%) @entity1 and in the transition zone (TZ) in 24 (41.4%). Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate-specific antigen density    0.15 ng/ml/cm3 was a significant independent factor to predict insignificant @entity5 (odds ratio 6.70, p   0.036). Larger dominant @entity5 were associated more frequently with up-grading and up-staging (p=0.038 and p=0.021, respectively), and were more likely to be located in the TZ (P = 0.027). Our results suggest that the risk of up-grading and up-staging should be considered in @entity1 who met the Japanese protocol. Larger dominant @entity5 were associated more frequently with up-grading and up-staging.

title: [Clinical and pathological features of the best candidates for @entity3457 -retrospective analysis of XXXX with radical prostatectomy].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and introduce evidence-based guidelines for the selection of 5 commonly used treatment modalities--UV-B, photochemotherapy, @entity1499 , @entity14028 , and @entity205 --for adult @entity1 with severe @entity1569 . @entity1 AND SETTING: @entity1 , residents, and dermatologists from the Department of Dermatology of the Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were involved in this process. DESIGN: The development process started with a questionnaire to evaluate how @entity1 with severe @entity1569 were treated. A systematic literature review was set up to provide evidence-based estimates of effectiveness, adverse effects, and dropout rates. In 2 meetings, the opinion leaders and intended users discussed the results of the questionnaire and systematic review as well as the clinical considerations in the treatment choices. Guidelines were then made regarding the sequence of selection of 5 modalities in the concept of rotational therapy. These guidelines were introduced. Their use was analyzed for 6 months. RESULTS: Before the guidelines, there was no uniform approach. In the systematic review, 665 studies concerning the treatments were found. Exclusion rates were high. No studies of @entity1499 therapy could be included. Photochemotherapy showed the highest average proportion of @entity1 with clearance (70% [6947/9925]) and good response (83% [8238/9925]), followed by UV-B (67.9% [620/913]) and @entity205 (64% [1030/1609]) therapy. In the second internal meeting, the following sequence for the treatments was defined: UV-B, photochemotherapy, @entity1499 , @entity14028 , and @entity205 . In 78% (69/88) of @entity1 treated after the introduction, the guidelines were followed to determine the treatment choice. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines for treating severe @entity1569 can be successfully developed, introduced, and implemented and were considered to improve clinical care.

title: The development of practice guidelines for the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14028 :: ('MESH:D017255', 'Chemical') :: ['acitretin']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['plaque form psoriasis', 'psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['plaque form psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies demonstrate significant bias in analytical methods used to measure glycohemoglobin. The clinical importance of that fact is evident when HbA1c overestimation leads to aggressive @entity413 management, resulting in more frequent hypoglycaemic episodes. Our study was aimed to compare two automated instruments (Integra 400 and D-10) in the evaluation of HbA1c in the Tunisian population. METHODS: Samples of 205 Tunisian @entity6 @entity1 were collected. The HbA1c assay was done simultaneously with a first generation immunoturbidimetric assay on an INTEGRA 400 (ROCHE) and using ionic exchange @entity101 ( @entity101 ) on a D-10 system (BIO-RAD). RESULTS: Correlation is determined by linear regression analysis: D-10 = 0.921*(Integra 400) +1.125; coefficient of correlation (r) = 0.946. This r increases to 0.973 when samples of carriers for HbS and @entity13210 (n = 9) are filtered out. For the carrier @entity1 , significant differences in the percentage of HbA1c were observed relating to the methodology used. CONCLUSIONS: Laboratories must be aware of hemoglobin variant interferences on their methods of assessment of glycated hemoglobin. Using ion-exchange @entity101 to control glycated hemoglobin seems to be essential to prevent mis-management in @entity6 @entity1 and to permit the diagnosis of the presence of HbS in @entity1 .

title: Advantage of HbA1c assay by XXXX D-10 versus cobas integra 400 in a population carrier for HbS and @entity13210 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high pressure liquid chromatography', 'HPLC']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['HPLC']


abstract: A 69-year-old @entity1 was referred to our hospital due to acute @entity583 . Systolic heart murmur was first noted on the 23rd day after the onset, but no cardiac shunt flow was detected by echocardiography at that time. Six days later, cardiac function deteriorated rapidly, followed by @entity1458 and shock. Re-do echocardiography showed @entity9009 . Emergency operation was performed, and septal perforation was seen on the anterior portion of the septum. In addition to infarct-exclusion-technique (Komeda-David method) with the @entity1641 pericardial patch, direct closure of the @entity1757 was performed (double closure technique). Fibrin glue was applied between the ventricular septum and the patch. After surgery, he suffered from Candida @entity1764 and received omentum plombage. Furthermore tracheotomy was performed for @entity55 . He recovered gradually, and was discharged about 3 months after surgery. Echocardiography showed no residual shunt.

title: [Candida @entity1764 after double closure technique for repairing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal perforation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defect']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity9009 :: (MESH:D018658,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal perforation']


abstract: @entity52647 is a reversible and selective inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase, and was in preclinical development as an angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of solid @entity5 . A 14-day oral @entity137 study of @entity52647 in young female @entity35 (7 weeks old) was conducted at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day (15, 30, and 60 mg/m(2), respectively). Skeletal changes, and vascular and soft tissue mineralization were observed as primary drug-related @entity137 . To determine if these changes are specific to young, rapidly growing animals with increased vascular and osseous development, @entity52647 was administered to mature (11 months old) @entity35 . Female @entity35 received @entity52647 by gavage for 14 days at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day and necropsied on day 15. Clinical signs of @entity137 were seen at > or =5 mg/kg and one @entity204 occurred at 10 mg/kg. @entity1141 (distal femur, proximal tibia, sternum) occurred in all drug-treated animals and was characterized by dose-related increased thickness of the zones of chondrocyte proliferation and @entity1184 , and marked thickening of the zone of ossification. Cartilage @entity1373 was characterized by proliferation of chondrocytes along margins of the synchondrosis and subperiosteum of sternebrae. Serum @entity3151 levels increased 47% and 166% at 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Mineralization of cardiac myocytes, aorta, various arteries, renal tubules, and @entity356 was seen at 10 mg/kg, and consistent with the presence of @entity460 - @entity3151 deposition. Physeal changes occurred at similar plasma @entity52647 exposures in young and mature @entity35 (AUC > or = 4.83 microg.hr/mL). @entity52647 produced morphologically similar lesions in young and adult @entity35 .

title: Cartilage XXXX and tissue mineralization in the @entity35 following administration of a FGF receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric mucosa and muscularis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Physeal dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: Many gaps still exist in our understanding of the etiology and the management of @entity74 . However, there are fairly well established guidelines for the clinical diagnosis of @entity195 , the major cause of acquired @entity73 in the elderly. The management of @entity1 with @entity74 should involve the entire family. The medical needs pale beside the functional and psychosocial issues. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach in a team setting is ideal, where goals can be established and coordinated and communication with the family, @entity1 , and consultants can be facilitated. @entity1 and family members need to know that life beyond the diagnosis can be meaningful. With the help of support groups, they learn to maximize the positive aspects and can cope with the struggle ahead. It should not be forgotten, however, that not all families had good relationships before the onset of the decline and often are in great need of counseling to manage the anger and guilt they will often experience. Future research is needed not only on the search for better medical treatments but also on the establishment of guidelines for the physician and family to deal with complex social issues such as when one is no longer safe to drive an automobile. Prospective studies on victims of @entity542 could establish the link of @entity130 to @entity195 , that has been proposed. The role of physicians in public policy for prevention of high risk behaviors (such as boxing) is controversial, but at the very least, physicians should play a major role in educating their @entity1 of these dangers. Because of the rapid aging of our population, pressure for research and policy changes in national health and long term care financing has been growing, largely due to the impressive efforts of the @entity195 . In order to give the kind of attention that is required in the care of these @entity1 , there must be a change in the present system of reimbursement. This will never happen, unless it can be demonstrated that lower costs of health care can be achieved by anticipating the needs of these @entity1 and their families. It is quite possible that costs can be reduced by delaying the need for nursing home placement or decreasing utilization of emergency medical care and hospitalization. However, these assumptions must be investigated further.

title: Acquired XXXX of the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Association", "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluate if @entity2287 enhanced MR imaging (GeMRI) improves confidence, changes the final diagnosis, or improves accuracy in the assessment of musculoskeletal (MSK) @entity5 residual or recurrence following surgical resection. We also assess if different experience levels change the above results. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Initially, pre-contrast images were independently reviewed by two radiologists, one with 25 years of experience (R1) and one undergoing MSK specialty training (R2). Two questions were answered: (1) Mass present? and (2) Likelihood of @entity5 ? Subsequently, both pre-contrast and post-contrast images were independently reviewed. The same questions were again answered plus four others including if GeMRI changed mass characterization, better defined cystic versus solid, better defined @entity5 extent, or improved conspicuity. Lastly, the readers answered whether GeMRI changed confidence, and changed their final diagnosis. Histologic diagnoses were available in 43 cases, with the remaining 44 cases based upon clinical and/or imaging follow-up. RESULTS: GeMRI definitely improved confidence in 8/7 cases, and slightly improved confidence in 20/29 cases and changed the final diagnosis in 11/8 cases for R1 and R2 respectively. Positive and negative predictive values statistically improved for R2 (positive predictive value 36.4% versus 50%, p=0.02; negative predictive value 75.4% versus 79.1%, p=0.04) but not for R1. Reader concordance for @entity5 improved with GeMRI (k=0.44 pre-contrast and k=0.71 post-contrast). CONCLUSION: GeMRI improved reader confidence, improved reader concordance and modestly improved accuracy for the less experienced reader. Where possible, GeMRI should be used in the assessment of MSK @entity5 residual or recurrence.

title: Following unenhanced MRI assessment for local recurrence after surgical resection of mesenchymal soft tissue tumors, do additional XXXX -enhanced images change reader confidence or diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: Benign @entity8426 often recur after @entity1173 ; the effectiveness of @entity803 instillation in the case of recurrence has been questioned. We, therefore, tested the efficacy of percutaneous @entity1068 injection in 20 @entity1 with "pure" cyst relapsing after @entity1173 . After evacuation, 95% @entity1068 was instilled under sonographic guidance and re-aspirated 5 min later. The procedure was performed twice for larger cysts. Follow-up studies were carried out after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. In case of recurrence at 1 month, @entity1 (n = 5) were submitted to a second session. @entity809 was the only adverse effect. No recurrences were observed at 3 and 6 month follow-up; only one @entity1 with recurrence after 1 month had relapsed at 12 months. A significant shrinkage (P < 0.0001 vs. pretreatment) was observed in all other cases at 12 months; cysts were not detectable in seven @entity1 (35%). No significant variations in thyroid hormone levels were detected during treatment or follow-up. Serum @entity3745 levels markedly increased 3 h after @entity1068 injection. One month after treatment, @entity3745 returned to pretreatment levels, thus excluding progressive @entity1374 . Percutaneous @entity1068 injection may prove a safe and effective tool for the therapy of @entity8426 .

title: Percutaneous @entity1173 and XXXX sclerotherapy for @entity8426 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid damage']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['A slight burning sensation']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cysts']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: AIM: To compare frequency doubling perimetry ( @entity4568 ) versus standard automated perimetry in @entity726 . To evaluate the reproducibility of both methods. @entity1 AND METHODS: All the @entity1 were tested (full threshold test) twice with both @entity4568 (N-30) and Humphrey Field Analyzer II model 750 (HFA) (30-2 procedures) in random sequence, within one day. The parameters @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and measured thresholds per quadrant and center areas were evaluated for @entity4568 /HFA comparison in 45 @entity726 @entity1 . The same parameters were used for testing the reproducibility of @entity4568 (n = 46) and HFA (N = 39). Additionally, the center and each quadrant area were checked for any deviation in the total deviation probability plots. For statistical analysis Kappa coefficients and Bland/Altman plots were used. RESULTS: An average @entity5494 ( @entity4568 vs HFA) of -7.3 +/- 5.8 dB vs -8.9 +/- 7.6 dB and PSD of 6.9 +/- 2.4 dB vs 6.5 +/- 3.6 dB were found. Kappa coefficients denote marginal accordance (kappa: 0.11-0.38) for area deviations. In a total of 225 areas HFA detected 191 deviations and @entity4568 165. HFA measured more negative deviation compared with @entity4568 in the case of @entity5494 < -15 dB. The reproducibility was 0.98 ( @entity5494 ) and 0.92 (PSD) for @entity4568 and 0.98 ( @entity5494 ) and 0.95 (PSD) for @entity21419 (95% confidence interval). CONCLUSIONS: There was great conformity between @entity4568 and HFA in @entity726 @entity1 . HFA detected more deviations in the total deviation probability plots than @entity4568 . There was a high reproducibility of both methods. @entity4568 is an appropriate tool for detecting @entity227 in @entity726 @entity1 .

title: [Prospective randomized comparative study of frequency doubling perimetry vs standard automated perimetry in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean deviation']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: We previously identified a homozygous mutation in the @entity52555 ( @entity52555 ) in six @entity1 with progressive @entity3148 . To define the syndrome better we analysed the clinical and electrophysiological phenotype in 12 @entity1 with @entity52555 mutations, including six new unrelated subjects. Clinical presentation was remarkably similar with early onset @entity2055 (average 2 years of age), followed by @entity410 at the average age of 6.5 years. @entity1 developed multiple @entity410 types, including generalized @entity410 , @entity2048 and drop attacks. All @entity1 developed @entity1635 by adolescence, making this an important diagnostic clue. @entity85 were present, including pes cavus in four @entity1 and syndactyly in two @entity1 . All @entity1 had elevated serum @entity908 kinase levels (median 734 IU) in the context of normal muscle biopsies. Electroencephalography revealed pronounced generalized spike and wave discharges with a posterior predominance and photosensitivity in all @entity1 , with focal EEG features seen in seven @entity1 . The disease course showed a relentless decline; @entity1 uniformly became wheelchair bound (mean age 13 years) and four had died during their third or early fourth decade. All 12 cases had the same variant ( @entity52556 , G144W) and haplotype analyses confirmed a founder effect. The cases all came from countries bounding the North Sea, extending to the coastal region of Northern Norway. 'North Sea' progressive @entity3148 has a homogeneous clinical presentation and @entity66 allowing ready identification from the other progressive @entity3148 .

title: 'North Sea' progressive XXXX : phenotype of subjects with @entity52555 mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic clonic seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['relentless disease course']

entities_list: @entity52555 :: ('9570', 'Gene') :: ['Golgi SNAP receptor complex 2 gene', 'GOSR2']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus epilepsy', 'myoclonus epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Additional skeletal deformities']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonus epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the rate of @entity3 resulting from @entity2184 associated with @entity735 ( @entity735 ) and to compare it with the rate of @entity3 resulting from @entity2184 not associated with @entity735 . DESIGN: Matched retrospective study. @entity1 : Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity2184 associated with @entity2194 ( @entity52030 group). Each @entity1 in the @entity52030 group was matched with 2 @entity1 with @entity2184 not associated with @entity2194 (no @entity52030 group) for age, gender, location of anterior @entity5 margin, location of @entity5 epicenter, @entity5 basal diameter, and @entity5 thickness. METHODS: Review of medical records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3 resulting from @entity2184 . RESULTS: The mean basal diameter and thickness of @entity5 in the @entity52030 group were 10 and 4.9 mm, respectively, and most were located between the macula and equator (70%). The @entity52030 and no @entity52030 groups were similar with regard to all @entity1 , ocular, and @entity5 features studied. Nineteen (33%) of 57 @entity1 in the @entity52030 group and 18 (16%) of 114 @entity1 in the no @entity52030 group demonstrated systemic @entity3 during mean follow-up periods of 77 months (range, 1-402) and 64 months (range, 1-252), respectively (P = 0.013). The Kaplan-Meier estimates for systemic @entity3 in the @entity52030 group at 5 and 15 years were 27% and 59%, respectively, compared with 15% and 33%, respectively, in the no @entity52030 group (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-3.41). CONCLUSIONS: In this matched study, @entity1 with @entity2184 associated with @entity735 were twice as likely to have systemic @entity3 compared with @entity1 with @entity2184 not associated with @entity735 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

title: @entity3 from XXXX associated with @entity735 : a matched study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular melanocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity52030 :: ('MESH:C535835', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ocular melanocytosis', 'COM']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity101 may experience morbidity as the result of increased pulmonary vascular resistance after operations in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used. Plasma levels of @entity21898 , a potent vasoactive substance implicated in @entity120 , are increased after cardiopulmonary bypass. OBJECTIVES: In a lamb model of @entity101 after in utero placement of an aortopulmonary shunt, we characterized the changes in pulmonary vascular resistance induced by hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and investigated the role of @entity21898 and @entity21897 activation in postbypass @entity120 . METHODS: In eleven 1-month-old @entity742 , the shunt was closed, and vascular pressures and blood flows were monitored. An infusion of a selective @entity21897 blocker ( @entity57021 ; 1.0 mg/kg/h) or drug vehicle (saline solution) was then begun 30 minutes before cardiopulmonary bypass and continued for 4 hours after bypass. The hemodynamic variables were monitored, and plasma @entity21898 concentrations were determined before, during, and for 6 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: After 90 minutes of hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, both pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in saline-treated @entity742 during the 6-hour study period (P <.05). In @entity742 pretreated with @entity57021 , pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased (P <. 05). After bypass, plasma @entity21898 concentrations increased in all @entity742 ; there was a positive correlation between postbypass pulmonary vascular resistance and plasma @entity21898 concentrations (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity21897 -induced pulmonary vasoconstriction mediates, in part, the rise in pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass. @entity21897 antagonists may decrease morbidity in @entity1 at risk for postbypass @entity120 . This potential therapy warrants further investigation.

title: Endothelin receptor blockade prevents the rise in pulmonary vascular resistance after cardiopulmonary bypass in @entity742 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary blood flow']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity21897 :: ('443465(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['Endothelin-A receptor', 'endothelin-A receptor']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['increased pulmonary blood flow']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prognosis after hepatectomy for @entity157 ( @entity157 ) has been improved by progress in the evaluation of hepatic functional reserve, surgical techniques and perioperative management. However, even when curative resection is performed at a relatively early stage, a considerable number of @entity1 develop early intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic recurrence postoperatively. This study analyzed the clinicopathologic features of @entity157 with early recurrence. METHODS: We reviewed records of 513 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone liver resection for @entity157 . There were 48 @entity204 within a year after surgery from recurrence, including 21 @entity1 with @entity5 (group I). Clinicopathologic parameters of group I @entity1 were compared with those of 188 @entity1 (group II) who developed recurrence following resection of @entity5 and died more than 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, age, @entity5 diameter (phi), @entity160 ( @entity160 ):phi and protein induced by @entity2067 absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II):phi were significantly greater in group I than in group II. Macroscopic portal vein invasion, microscopic vascular invasion, intrahepatic @entity3 , poor differentiation, pleomorphism, sarcomatous @entity455 , and angiographic condensed pooling were more frequently observed in group I than group II. Five independent determinants were selected by multivariate analysis: @entity160 :phi, histologic pleomorphism, sarcomatous @entity455 and angiographic condensed pooling. CONCLUSIONS: Highly malignant @entity157 with extremely poor prognosis exhibits peculiar clinicopathologic characteristics, particularly histologic immaturity, and can be predicted by preoperative indicators such as markedly elevated @entity5 marker concentrations and condensed pooling on angiography.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX showing early massive recurrence after liver resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['change, vascular lake']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage II or III HCC']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein', 'AFP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage II-III hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to estimate autonomic nervous control of the cardiovascular system. In middle-aged subjects, the @entity209 ( @entity209 ) is associated with lower HRV. We hypothesized that alterations in autonomic balance are already present in young adults with the @entity209 , and analysed the association of short-term HRV with the @entity209 (using the National @entity165 Education Program definition), in 1889 subjects aged 24-39 years. METHODS: Short-term (3 min) HRV analysis included high-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF) and total (TP) spectral components of HRV and LF/HF ratio. RESULTS: The presence of the @entity209 was associated with lower HF, LF and TP in @entity1 and @entity1 , and with higher LF/HF ratio in @entity1 . In @entity1 , waist circumference was the strongest individual @entity209 component that associated with HRV. After adjustments for age and heart rate, @entity209 was associated with lower HF and higher LF/HF ratio in @entity1 , but only with a lower TP in @entity1 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity209 is associated with lower HRV in young adults. The individual components of @entity209 are differentially associated with HRV in @entity1 and in @entity1 . Our results are consistent with lower vagal activity and a possible increase in sympathetic predominance in @entity1 with the @entity209 . This sex difference in vagal activity and sympathovagal balance may partly explain the greater increase in cardiovascular risk associated with @entity209 in @entity1 than in @entity1 .

title: XXXX and short-term heart rate variability in young adults. The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['Metabolic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cytologic characteristics of the tall cell variant of @entity3557 in fine needle aspiration biopsies and make a cytohistologic correlation. STUDY DESIGN: The study group consisted of six @entity1 subjected to fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid prior to surgical resection of the @entity5 . RESULTS: Nineteen cases of the tall cell variant were identified in 229 cases of @entity3557 (8.5%) from 1957 to 1993. Six cases had aspirates with tall cells. The @entity1 were females with a median age of 43 years, and all had aggressive @entity5 . The @entity5 had > 30% tall cells. The fine needle aspiration biopsy findings included nuclear grooves and abundant oxyphilic cytoplasm (100%), pseudonuclear inclusions (83.3%) and ground glass chromatin (67%). The majority of neoplastic cells had a nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of 1:2. A tadpole shape was observed in noncohesive cells, and a respiratory epithelium-like arrangement was seen in cohesive cells. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the best method of identifying tall cells preoperatively. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes should be added to make a firm diagnosis of the tall cell variant and to rule out columnar cell @entity189 or @entity1544 in @entity5651 or usual @entity3557 .

title: Tall cell variant of XXXX . A cytohistologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic diseases', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to perform a large, prospective, multicenter, blinded study comparing power transcranial color duplex sonography (power TCDS) with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) in the detection of @entity438 . METHODS: Contemporaneous TCDS and IADSA examinations were performed in 171 subjects with suspected @entity438 . Via the temporal bone window, a 2-dimensional hand-held noncontrast transcranial duplex ultrasound imaging system was used operating in power and spectral modes. Sonographers were blinded to clinical history and results of brain CT and IADSA. RESULTS: We found that 157 subjects (92%) had an adequate bone window. Sensitivity per @entity1 was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.66 to 0.87) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.36 to 0.56) for any anterior circulation @entity439 . Sensitivity was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46) for @entity439 </=5 mm and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.94) for @entity439 >5 mm. Accuracy was lower for @entity439 on the cavernous and terminal internal carotid arteries, including posterior communicating artery origin (0.71; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.79), than for those on the anterior (0.82; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.89) or the middle cerebral arteries (0.79; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Power TCDS is a promising, inexpensive, noninvasive test for anterior circulation @entity438 but is less sensitive per @entity439 than alternatives such as CT angiography or MR angiography. Sensitivity is poor for @entity439 </=5 mm in diameter. The internal carotid artery is the most difficult segment to interpret.

title: Power transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: From 1975 to 1987, 80 @entity1 with bulky or barrel-shaped Stage IB cervical @entity5 were treated with preoperative irradiation and Cs-137 intracavitary implant therapy, before a planned extrafascial abdominal hysterectomy, using a consistent treatment policy. Of the hysterectomy specimens obtained, 37% were positive histologically at 89 +/- 2.3 days after the start of radiotherapy and at 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of radiation therapy. Sixty-three percent were negative after a total external and internal cervix irradiation dose of 9642 cGy at point T. The average point A dose contributed by intracavitary therapy was 2104 cGy. The survival rate at 5 years was 84%: At 10 years the survival rate was 78%. The failure pattern was analyzed for @entity1 who had positive and negative specimens. The @entity1 with positive specimens failed pelvically or pelvically and distantly. @entity1 with negative specimens failed in extrapelvic or distant metastatic sites. Preoperative radiotherapy led to excellent local and pelvic control of @entity5 , and the failures became predominantly distant metastases. The combined radiosurgical therapy was tolerated well and allowed surgical @entity5 . This permitted earlier and selective consideration of adjunctive therapy (i.e., paraaortic irradiation, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy). The dose-response data give insight into the effects of photon radiotherapy on bulky or barrel Stage @entity5 and correlate histologic status with failure pattern, outcome, and long-term survival.

title: Dose-response and failure pattern for bulky or barrel-shaped stage IB cervical XXXX treated by combined photon irradiation and extrafascial hysterectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'staging of disease', 'cancer', 'IB cervical cancers']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1 @entity1822 is a rare gynecological malignancy with a generally poor prognosis. We have established a @entity1 @entity1822 tumor line in @entity19 , designated UTS-1, and describe the characteristics of this @entity5 . The UTS-1 @entity5 doubled in 12.1 days and retained the histological characteristics of @entity1822 , even after 14 serial generations. Ultrastructurally, the @entity5 is characterized by nuclear pleomorphism typical of smooth muscle, intracytoplasmic filaments with dense bodies, a relative paucity of micropinocytotic vesicles, and an incomplete external lamina. Immunohistochemically, the UTS-1 cells reacted with antibodies against @entity2277 , @entity2283 , smooth-muscle actin and myosin, but not with antibodies against keratin, @entity787 and @entity2281 protein. Serum levels of @entity160 , @entity10224 , @entity787 and SCC ranged within normal limits in @entity5 -bearing mice. The serum level of immunosuppressive acidic protein correlated well with an activity of the @entity5 . @entity172 and @entity1420 receptors were not detected in the @entity5 . Chromosomal analysis showed a @entity1 karyotype with some marker chromosomes and a modal number of 85 chromosomes. The UTS-1 @entity5 should prove a useful model to explore the biological characteristics and treatment of @entity1 @entity1822 .

title: Establishment and characterization of @entity1 XXXX heterotransplanted into @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['uterine leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The optimal dose of @entity56020 (153Sm-EDTMP) for effective palliation of painful @entity3 to bone is under investigation. It is not known whether increased doses of 153Sm EDTMP will lead to better and longer @entity158 and @entity5 control and survival. Multiple dose efficacy and @entity137 is of importance as most @entity1 will require prolonged support for @entity158 . METHODS: Twenty-eight (28) @entity1 were treated with 0.75 mCi/kg, 35 @entity1 with 1.5 mCi/kg and 19 @entity1 with 3 mCi/kg in three sequential Phase I-II trials. Multiple doses were given to @entity1 on the 0.75 mCi/kg and 1.5 mCi/kg dose levels. RESULTS: At all dose levels adequate @entity158 control was achieved in 78-95% of @entity1 . The duration of @entity158 control was 40-56 days with the best results in the 1.5 mCi/kg group (56 days). There is no evidence that increasing dose leads to better and longer @entity158 control, @entity5 response and survival, but @entity137 is increased. Multiple doses can be given with acceptable @entity137 and @entity158 control, however, only 38% of @entity1 will qualify for multiple treatments. CONCLUSION: 153Sm-EDTMP provides adequate and safe palliation but multiple doses can only be given in 38% of @entity1 . There is not a clear dose-response relationship. The length of @entity158 control is satisfactory but not ideal and hospitalisation for 4 days every 6-8 weeks is a disadvantage. Further research is required to combine 153Sm-EDTMP with cytostatics and to administer it on an out @entity1 basis.

title: Dose response relationship and multiple dose efficacy and XXXX of @entity56020 in metastatic cancer to bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess mortality in the cohort of the viscose factory workers occupationally and environmentally exposed to @entity4312 . Male workers employed for at least one year during 1950-1985 in the production or maintenance departments, living in the vicinity of the plant, were enrolled into the study. Of the 2,878 workers in the cohort, 2,762 were successfully traced, yielding 76,465 @entity1 -years. Mortality assessment was based on the standardized mortality ratio using a @entity1 -years method. The general male population of Poland was considered as a reference group. Total mortality in the cohort was higher than in the general male population in Poland ( @entity5047 = 108). A significantly increased risk of deaths was observed for all cardiovascular ( @entity5047 = 114) and cerebrovascular ( @entity5047 = 208) diseases. Analyses showed a significantly elevated risk of @entity204 from the circulatory system diseases in the @entity1 of the "highly exposed" group, spinners and those who were first employed before 1974. A statistically significant trend of mortality from all @entity65 in relation to the level of exposure (assessed qualitatively) was evident. No clear relationship between duration of exposure and the risk of @entity204 was found.

title: Mortality pattern in the cohort of workers exposed to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4312 :: ('MESH:D002246', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon disulfide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity4312 :: (MESH:D002246,Chemical) :: ['carbon disulfide']


abstract: Retroesophageal aortic arch (REAA) can be further divided to right or left retroesophageal aortic arch. The right REAA has right ascending and left descending aorta with retroesophageal segment, whereas the left REAA has left ascending and right descending aorta. The REAA with retroesophageal segment may cause tracheoesophageal compression by the formation of a @entity455 . A total of eight @entity1 were identified from the database from 1996 to 1999. Among them, five were right REAA and three were left REAA. The age at diagnosis varied from 4 days to 16 years (median 8 years). The clinical findings and initial diagnostic investigations, including the chest X-ray, echocardiography and esophagogram, suspected the presence of this @entity154 . The diagnosis can be confirmed by ultrafast computed tomography with or without three-dimensional reconstruction. Half of the total @entity1 , two of right and two of left REAA were symptomatic and needed operation. The symptoms related to the retroesophageal aortic arch appeared during infancy and early childhood (six cases), and only rarely in late childhood and adults (two cases). Half of the @entity1 were associated with @entity299 , but no specific patterns of @entity299 were identified. The sensitivity of the early diagnosis of REAA by chest roentgenogram, echocardiography, esophagogram and angiography was 37% (3/8), 0% (0/7), 100% (1/1) and 60% (3/5), respectively. The sensitivity of ultrafast CT was 100% (8) in delineating both @entity455 . Operation to relieve the @entity2850 was performed in two cases with right REAA and two with left REAA. Only one died after the operation, due to pulmonary arterial sling and @entity6184 . The surviving @entity1 had been asymptomatic during follow up. In conclusion, REAA can be best diagnosed by ultrafast computed tomography with or without three-dimensional reconstruction. If symptomatic, surgery to relieve the compression is effective and safe.

title: Retroesophageal aortic arch: diagnostic and therapeutic implications of a rare XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['retroesophageal segment and complete vascular ring', 'vascular ring']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular ring']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine which characteristic pathological features are predictive of the presenting rhythm and survival in victims of community @entity1167 . DESIGN: Case-controlled retrospective autopsy study. SETTING: County of Nottinghamshire with a total population of 993 914 and an area of 2183 square kilometers. SUBJECTS: Between January 1, 1991 and December 31, 1994, 1535 witnessed cardiac arrests attended by the Nottinghamshire Ambulance Service, of which 1083 had an autopsy performed. RESULTS: @entity299 accounted for 72.3% of cases with a further 3.6% of @entity204 from other cardiac causes and the remainder from non-cardiac causes. Old healed @entity583 was present in 39.4%, and visible fresh occlusive @entity715 was found in 23.8% of cases overall. Logistic regression analysis of @entity204 from cardiac causes revealed that younger age (odds ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.97-0.99)), two @entity453 (odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 1.08-2.52)) and heart weight greater than 500 grams (odds ratio of 1.56 (95% CI 1.12-2.17)) were found to be independent predictors of developing @entity2224 compared to other rhythms of arrest. Being male, @entity432 and having survived a previous @entity583 were found not to be independent variables. There were no outstanding pathological features in the 31 @entity1 who survived to hospital admission and subsequently died, compared with non-survivors who were considered to have died from a cardiac cause. CONCLUSIONS: Among those who had a witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 from a cardiac cause, increasing heart weight (the most likely cause of which is @entity4346 ), younger age and two @entity453 appear to be much more important pathological features in the development of @entity2224 than a previous @entity583 and fresh @entity432 .

title: Pathological features of witnessed out-of-hospital @entity1167 presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['visible occlusive thrombus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: The @entity671 receptor (InsP3R) is a ligand-gated @entity141 channel responsible for the release of @entity141 from intracellular stores in the response of a wide variety of cells to external stimuli. Molecular cloning studies have revealed the existence of three types of InsP3R encoded by distinct genes. In the study presented here, we used selective anti-InsP3R antibodies to determine the intracellular location of each InsP3R subtype in @entity291 aortic endothelial cells, @entity291 adrenal glomerulosa cells, and COS-7 cells. @entity54525 was found to be widely distributed throughout the cytosol and most abundantly in the perinuclear region identified as the endoplasmic reticulum (co-localization with protein @entity1520 isomerase). The intracellular location of @entity45303 was similar to that of @entity54525 . Surprisingly, @entity54526 was found mostly associated to the cell nucleus. This observation was made with two antibodies recognizing different epitopes on @entity54526 . Binding studies revealed the presence of a high affinity-binding site for [3H] InsP3 on purified nuclei from @entity291 adrenal cortex. Confocal images showed that @entity54526 was not confined to the nuclear envelope but was distributed relatively uniformly within the nucleus. Our results demonstrate that the three types of InsP3R are not similarly distributed within a specific cell type. Our results also suggest the existence of an intranuclear membrane network on which @entity54526 is abundantly expressed.

title: Immunohistochemical localization of type 2 XXXX receptor to the nucleus of different mammalian cells.

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: We encountered two sisters with @entity56 caused by Lyophyllum aggregatum. In Case 1, the @entity1 was a 47-year-old @entity1 who consulted Iiyama Red Cross Hospital because of a non-productive cough. She had worked with Lyophyllum aggregatum cultures for 7 years. In 1996, she complained of a dry cough, and had had a severe cough in November 1998. She was admitted to Iiyama Red Cross Hospital because of @entity1353 on effort. Laboratory data revealed a high level of C-reactive protein. Chest radiography and CT scanning showed ground glass opacities in both lower lobes, and centrilobular nodules. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed a decrease in the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio, and the lymphocyte fraction was very high. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed @entity738 and interstitial thickening, and the lymphocyte stimulation test was positive for Lyophyllum aggregatum. Case 2 occurred in the 51-year-old sister of @entity1 1. She had worked with Lyophyllum aggregatum cultures for 10 years. In 1994, she had experienced @entity1353 and a dry cough while working. In January 1999, she was admitted to Iiyama Red Cross Hospital because of a dry cough, sputum and chest oppression. Chest radiography and CT scanning revealed ground glass opacities in both lower lobes and centrilobular nodules. The @entity404 / @entity405 ratio in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was low, and the lymphocyte fraction conspicuously high. The transbronchial lung biopsy revealed @entity738 and interstitial thickening. The lymphocyte stimulation test was negative for Lyophyllum aggregatum. She was discharged and returned to work, but the dry cough and low-grade fever recurred. However, the occupational provocation test is not regarded as positive because chest radiography, laboratory examinations, and a pulmonary function test were not performed. The symptoms of both cases were eliminated only on isolation of the antigen. There has not been any previous report of @entity56 caused by Lyophyllum aggregatum.

title: [ XXXX caused by Lyophyllum aggregatum in two sisters].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Hypersensitivity pneumonitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of bone marrow-derived regulatory dendritic cells (DCs) with potent immunoregulatory properties on the development of experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU). METHODS: Bone marrow cells obtained from C57BL/6 @entity19 were treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, transforming growth factor beta, and @entity1618 and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide to produce mature and regulatory DCs. Expression of major histocompatibility complex and costimulatory molecules was analyzed by flow cytometry. Then EAU was induced by immunization with @entity1 @entity21232 ( @entity21232 ) peptide 1-20, followed by intravenous injection of @entity21232 peptide-pulsed regulatory DCs. Control @entity19 received transforming growth factor beta and @entity1618 nontreated mature DC or @entity4613 -buffered saline. We evaluated EAU clinically and histopathologically. Immunologic responses to @entity21232 peptide were assessed by @entity56 and T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: Regulatory DCs expressed comparable levels of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules but reduced levels of @entity8271 , @entity11787 , and @entity14636 compared with mature DCs. @entity56 to @entity21232 peptide and the development of EAU were markedly suppressed in @entity19 receiving regulatory DCs compared with control @entity19 . Lymph node cells from regulatory DC-treated @entity19 showed significantly reduced @entity21232 -specific T-cell proliferation and interferon gamma production but increased @entity1618 production. CONCLUSION: Administration of regulatory DCs potentially inhibited the development of EAU. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Application of regulatory DCs may be a novel candidate for immunotherapy for @entity1 endogenous @entity1596 .

title: Suppression of experimental autoimmune @entity4643 by regulatory dendritic cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity21232 :: ('5949', 'Gene') :: ['hIRBP', 'interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Crude antigens of @entity2440 adult worms were purified by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. A purified antigen was then applied to detect @entity14007 @entity1 and parasite-free subjects by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an intradermal test (IDT). The results of the ELISA showed that specific antibody levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and total IgE in 371 infected @entity1 were significantly higher than those of 181 parasite-free subjects (Student's t-test, p less than 10(-6) or p less than 0.005). The sensitivity was 92.8% and the specificity was 89.0%. Significant correlations between the intensity of infection, expressed as egg per gram feces, and specific IgG, IgA and total IgE concentration were observed (linear regression, p less than 0.0005). Among the 309 subjects tested intradermally with @entity2440 antigen, 128 showed a positive reaction while all of the 60 parasite-free subjects showed negative results. By this test, the sensitivity was 49% and the specificity of IDT was 100%. The specific IgG, IgA and total IgE antibody levels of the IDT positive @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the negative subjects (Student's t-test, p less than 0.0005). There was no correlation between the induced swelling diameter and the intensity of infection in IDT positive @entity14007 @entity1 . Cross reactions in ELISA were observed in @entity1 infected with Capillaria philippinensis, Sparganum proliferum and @entity5603 , when the antigens prepared in the present study were used.

title: [Immunological screening of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14007 :: ('MESH:D003003', 'Disease') :: ['clonorchiasis']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis']

entities_list: @entity2440 :: ('79923', 'Species') :: ['Clonorchis', 'Clonorchis sinensis']

answer: @entity14007 :: (MESH:D003003,Disease) :: ['clonorchiasis']


abstract: The steady-state of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in plant cells is controlled by ROS-producing and scavenging agents. A large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. Variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and @entity620 levels. The de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in Avena sativa and @entity3505 leaves were used as physiological models to study the antioxidant status at different ages. The data showed that five-day-old green plants and de-etiolated plants of the same age have similar hydrophilic antioxidant activity ( approximately 8 mumol ASC equivalents g FW(-1)), which increases during the de-etiolation process. In oat and @entity3505 , young leaves (five days old) had higher antioxidant status (hydrophilic antioxidant activity and @entity620 level) than old leaves (10 and 20 days old). High-light treatment caused a decrease in antioxidant status, especially in young leaves. Hydrophilic antioxidant activity and @entity620 levels recovered totally or partially after 30 or 60 min in the dark. This capacity also depends on age and species. The @entity620 /hydrophilic antioxidant activity ratio is presented as an indicator of antioxidant variations in response to stress, but taking into account the absolute levels of antioxidants.

title: Changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in Avena sativa and XXXX leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3505 :: ('4565', 'Species') :: ['Triticum aestivum', 'wheat']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['Triticum aestivum']


abstract: In sympathetic @entity177 (SNF), reflexive sympathetically mediated cardiovascular stimulation does not compensate for decreased @entity299 . This explains @entity551 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). During phase 2 of the Valsalva maneuver (phase 2_L), blood pressure increases from its peak. During phase 4, blood pressure normally "overshoots" the baseline. Because these changes depend on sympathetically mediated cardiovascular stimulation, a progressive decrease in pressure during phase 2 and absence of the overshoot in phase 4 may indicate SNF. Moreover, because beat-to-beat blood pressure can be measured noninvasively using a photoplethysmographic or tonometric device, evaluating reflexive pressure responses might enable noninvasive diagnosis of SNF. This study assessed the relative frequencies of abnormal phase 2_L and phase 4 blood pressure in @entity1 with @entity454 and @entity551 and whether noninvasive measurement of beat-to-beat blood pressure can be used to diagnose SNF in @entity1 . Twenty @entity1 with @entity454 and @entity551 and 50 comparison @entity1 , including several with @entity454 but lacking @entity551 , underwent arterial pressure monitoring during performance of the Valsalva maneuver. Of the 20 @entity1 with @entity454 and @entity551 , all had an abnormal phase 2_L or phase 4 pressure response (sensitivity 100%), whereas only 3 of the 50 comparison @entity1 had an abnormal response in either phase (specificity 94%). Seventeen @entity1 with @entity454 and @entity551 had abnormal responses in both phases (sensitivity 85%), but none of the comparison @entity1 had such findings in both phases (specificity 100%). Of 13 @entity1 in whom beat-to-beat blood pressure was recorded simultaneously invasively and noninvasively, all had abnormal blood pressure responses during phase 2_L and phase 4, whereas none of 29 comparison @entity1 had such symptoms. Detection of abnormal blood pressure responses during phase 2_L or phase 4 of the Valsalva maneuver is a highly sensitive test for SNF. Abnormal pressure during these phases appears to identify SNF specifically. Noninvasive measurements can detect both of these abnormalities.

title: Noninvasive detection of sympathetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['neurocirculatory failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac filling']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic primary autonomic failure', 'CPAF']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['neurocirculatory failure']