abstract: Experimental @entity235 studies have demonstrated the potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting and characterizing @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 . Accordingly, electrocardiographic-gated spin-echo MR images of the left ventricular short axis were obtained in 34 @entity1 a mean of 11 +/- 6 days (range 3 to 30) after @entity583 . This imaging technique allowed division of the left ventricle into segments corresponding to the left ventricular segments on angiography. @entity1 were separated into 2 groups; the first 16 @entity1 (group I) were examined using a variety of imaging techniques. Information derived from this experience resulted in a standard imaging protocol and development of criteria for the presence of @entity583 . The imaging protocol and interpretation criteria were used in the assessment of a subsequent group of 18 @entity1 (group II). Of the 14 @entity1 in group II with satisfactory image quality, all showed an increase in myocardial signal intensity consistent with an @entity583 . In addition, the anterior or inferior location of the abnormal MR segments corresponded to the electrocardiographic infarct location. MR segments showing increased signal intensity corresponded with severely @entity5048 or @entity2845 segments on the left ventriculogram in 8 @entity1 having both procedures. In a group of volunteers who underwent imaging and whose images were interpreted in the same manner as those of the @entity1 with @entity583 , 1 of 9 subjects had regional variation in myocardial signal intensity compatible with an @entity583 . In summary, @entity583 is readily detected, located and characterized by electrocardiographic-gated MRI. These findings suggest that MRI techniques may have a role in the evaluation of @entity583 in @entity1 .

title: Magnetic resonance imaging during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5048 :: ('MESH:C536231', 'Disease') :: ['hypokinetic']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Protective immunity in C57BL/6 @entity19 exposed to optimally irradiated larvae of @entity380 operates against challenge parasites in the lungs and is dependent upon T-helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytes which secrete abundant gamma interferon ( @entity60 ). As an initial step in the identification of the molecules which mediate this immunity, antigenic materials released by larvae at various times during in vitro culture were compared for the ability to induce proliferation of lymph node cells recovered from @entity19 4 to 6 days after exposure to @entity536 . Cells from @entity19 vaccinated with cercariae proliferated most strongly to larval antigens released soon after transformation. In contrast, cells from @entity19 immunized with lung-stage schistosomula responded poorly to these early secretions but proliferated vigorously to antigens released by older larvae. In further studies on the cytokine profile of the responding lymphocytes, it was observed that the balance between @entity60 and @entity58 ( @entity58 ) secretion depended on the source of antigen used for restimulation. Thus, material released between days 6 and 8 by in vitro-cultured larvae, and the soluble extracts of whole lung-stage larvae, induced abundant @entity60 but little @entity58 . This finding implies that an overwhelming proportion of the lymphocytes responsive to lung-stage antigens had the Th1 phenotype. In contrast, antigens from cercariae and skin-stage larvae induced the lowest levels of @entity60 but higher levels of @entity58 . It appears that a proportion of the cells with specificities for early antigens had the @entity61 or Th0 phenotype. Our results emphasize that antigens from lung-stage larvae are an important source of potentially protective molecules.

title: Antigens derived from lung-stage larvae of XXXX are efficient stimulators of proliferation and gamma interferon secretion by lymphocytes from @entity19 vaccinated with attenuated larvae.

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated parasites']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The etiology, treatment, and @entity1 management in cases of @entity102 , within the legislation on @entity3675 , remain highly controversial. HYPOTHESIS: Recognition as an @entity3675 has a negative influence on the functional result of @entity2633 treated with aponeurotomy and neurolysis of the motor branch of the radial nerve. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (30 cases of @entity2633 ) were operated between January 2007 and January 2008. There were nine @entity1 and 19 @entity1 whose mean age was 46.1 years. A preoperative EMG found anomalies in the deep posterior interosseous nerve in all cases. @entity1 were divided into two groups: one group of @entity1 recognized as having an @entity3675 and a group of @entity1 whose disease was not considered occupation-related. RESULTS: The @entity1 were seen at follow-up at a mean 21.8 months. In the group of @entity1 with @entity3675 , there were six excellent, nine good, and five acceptable results; in the second group, there were six excellent, two good, and two acceptable results. CONCLUSION: Recognition of @entity2633 as an @entity3675 has a significant influence only on the time to @entity158 relief and the result on strength. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV. Retrospective study.

title: @entity2633 treatment by extensor carpi radialis fasciotomy and radial nerve decompression: is outcome influenced by the XXXX compensation aspect?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3675 :: ('MESH:D009784', 'Disease') :: ['occupational disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['epicondylitis']

answer: @entity3675 :: (MESH:D009784,Disease) :: ['occupational disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of clinicopathological determinants that predict for risk of recurrence and @entity1349 after undergoing potentially curative hepatic resection for @entity157 is a strategy towards personalizing therapy to improve outcome. Through evaluation of a center's experience with treatment of a disease, determinants unique to the treated @entity1 cohort may be identified. METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity157 underwent liver resection. Clinical, treatment, and histopathological variables were collected and evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses with disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) as the endpoints. RESULTS: The median follow-up period of 19 (range, 1 to 188) months from the time of hepatic resection. The median DFS and @entity1349 after resection of HCC were 17 and 41 months, respectively. Five-year @entity1349 rate was 45%. Eight independent factors associated with disease-free and @entity1349 were identified through a multivariate analysis. Three factors: @entity1 -Pugh score (DFS p = 0.045, @entity1349 p = 0.001), histopathological grade (DFS p < 0.001, @entity1349 p < 0.001), and histological diagnosis of @entity82 (DFS p < 0.001, @entity1349 p < 0.001) predicted for both disease-free and @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Integrating the knowledge of identified prognostic factors into clinical decision making may provide a clinicopathological signature that could identify @entity1 at greatest risk of treatment failure such that novel interventions may be applied to improve the survival outcome.

title: Clinicopathological determinants of survival after hepatic resection of XXXX in 97 @entity1 --experience from an Australian hepatobiliary unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2011 Malawi @entity645 guidelines promote @entity404 monitoring for pre-ART assessment and considering HIVRNA monitoring for ART response assessment, while some clinics used @entity404 for both. We assessed clinical ordering practices as compared to guidelines, and determined whether the samples were successfully and promptly processed. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of all @entity1 seen in from August 2010 through July 2011,, in two urban @entity645 -care clinics that utilized 6-monthly @entity404 monitoring regardless of ART status. We calculated the percentage of @entity1 on whom clinicians ordered @entity404 or HIVRNA analysis. For all samples sent, we determined rates of successful lab-processing, and mean time to returned results. RESULTS: Of 20581 @entity1 seen, 8029 (39%) had at least one blood draw for @entity404 count. Among pre-ART @entity1 , 2668/2844 (93.8%) had @entity404 counts performed for eligibility. Of all @entity404 samples sent, 8082/9207 (89%) samples were successfully processed. Of those, mean time to processing was 1.6 days (s.d 1.5) but mean time to results being available to clinician was 9.3 days (s.d. 3.7). Regarding HIVRNA, 172 @entity1 of 17737 on ART had a blood draw and only 118/213 (55%) samples were successfully processed. Mean processing time was 39.5 days (s.d. 21.7); mean time to results being available to clinician was 43.1 days (s.d. 25.1). During the one-year evaluated, there were multiple lapses in processing HIVRNA samples for up to 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians underutilize @entity404 and HIVRNA as monitoring tools in @entity645 care. Laboratory processing failures and turnaround times are unacceptably high for viral load analysis. Alternative strategies need to be considered in order to meet laboratory monitoring needs.

title: Assessment of laboratory test utilization for XXXX /AIDS care in urban ART clinics of Lilongwe, Malawi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical dogma holds that chemotherapy increases the risk of @entity439 growth and @entity397 . We sought to determine the effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the growth of @entity449 . METHODS: All @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity5 with coexisting @entity449 at our institution between 2000 and 2011 were identified. Review of electronic medical records and rereview of serial cross-sectional imaging was performed. An additional cohort of @entity1 undergoing @entity439 surveillance during the same period was identified, and demographic and anatomic variables were collected. Planned analysis included descriptive analysis, change in @entity439 diameter over time, and association of growth or need for intervention with type of chemotherapy and type of @entity5 . RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2011, 125 @entity1 at our institution had a concurrent diagnosis of @entity449 and @entity5 requiring cytotoxic chemotherapy. Cross-sectional imaging was available for 91 @entity1 . The predominant @entity2 (34 of 91 [38%]), followed by @entity706 (21 of 91 [23%]) and @entity14 (10 of 91 [11%]). Most @entity439 were infrarenal (53 of 91 [58%]). Most @entity1 were treated with more than one class of chemotherapeutic agent over 267  days (interquartile range [IQR], 144-469  days), and most had at least one cycle of alkylating agents (73 of 91), in addition to antimetabolites (42 of 91) and plant alkaloids/ @entity6399 (40 of 92). Chemotherapy regimens included steroids in 84 @entity1 (92%). The baseline @entity439 diameter was 41.4  mm (IQR, 34.9-51.3  mm) for @entity1 who received chemotherapeutic agents and 46.0  mm (IQR, 40-52  mm) for those who did not. Eight of the 91 @entity1 (9%) underwent @entity439 repair during chemotherapy, but only two required urgent repair due to @entity1756 . The rate of @entity439 growth per year for @entity1 who did and did not receive chemotherapy was similar at 2.3  mm vs 2.4  mm (P  = .69). CONCLUSIONS: In 91 @entity1 over 10  years at our institution, chemotherapy did not increase @entity439 growth compared with @entity1 not undergoing treatment for @entity5 .

title: The effect of chemotherapy for @entity5 on the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm', 'aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoids']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy type was lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm rupture']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the @entity263 detection rate of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging at 3T. Precise one-to-one histopathological correlation with magnetic resonance imaging was possible using prostate magnetic resonance imaging based custom printed specimen molds after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This institutional review board approved prospective study included 45 @entity1 (mean age 60.2 years, range 49 to 75) with a mean prostate specific antigen of 6.37 ng/ml (range 2.3 to 23.7) who had biopsy proven @entity263 (mean Gleason score of 6.7, range 6 to 9). Before prostatectomy all @entity1 underwent prostate magnetic resonance imaging using endorectal and surface coils on a 3T scanner, which included triplane T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient maps of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. The prostate specimen was whole mount sectioned in a customized mold, allowing geometric alignment to magnetic resonance imaging. @entity5 were mapped on magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of magnetic resonance imaging for @entity5 detection were calculated. In addition, the effects of @entity5 size and Gleason score on the sensitivity of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. RESULTS: The positive predictive value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to detect @entity263 was 98%, 98% and 100% in the overall prostate, peripheral zone and central gland, respectively. The sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging sequences was higher for @entity5 larger than 5 mm in diameter as well as for those with higher Gleason scores (greater than 7, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prostate magnetic resonance imaging at 3T allows for the detection of @entity263 . A multiparametric approach increases the predictive power of magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis. In this study accurate correlation between multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology was obtained by the @entity1 specific, magnetic resonance imaging based mold technique.

title: Multiparametric 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging to detect XXXX : histopathological correlation using prostatectomy specimens processed in customized magnetic resonance imaging based molds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ablative resurfacing lasers are effective for treatment of @entity2318 , but they have a high risk of complications. Fractional lasers have less severe side effects but more moderate efficacy than ablative devices. Studies were performed in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin type I to VI. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of an erbium 1,550-nm fractional laser in the treatment of @entity2318 in Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, single-blind, randomized trial in @entity1 with @entity2318 (n=15), skin type IV to VI, with a 1,550-nm erbium fractionated laser. @entity1 were divided into two groups; one was treated with 10 mJ and the other with 40 mJ. Five monthly laser sessions were performed. A @entity1 questionnaire was distributed. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement in the acne scarring and overall appearance (p<.001). No significant difference was found between 10 and 40 mJ. @entity1 were highly satisfied with their results. Significant @entity2117 was seen; @entity158 was significantly higher in darker skin. CONCLUSIONS: Fractional photothermolysis is effective for the treatment of @entity2318 , but practition-ers should be aware of the higher incidence of @entity158 and @entity2117 in individuals with skin types IV to VI.

title: Safety and efficacy of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet fractionated laser for treatment of XXXX in type IV to VI skin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['acne scars', 'facial acne scars']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['acne scars']


abstract: To determine the pathophysiology of the @entity364 and defense mechanisms against superficial @entity9202 , two series of experimental infections of Trychophyton mentagrophytes were made on the forearm of a male volunteer. One series was applied topical @entity134 ointment, the other the vehicle alone. The infected sites were biopsied from each row weekly up to the 4th week, and the set of sites were studied and compared clinically, histopathologically and immunohistochemically. For the study against @entity364 , the same experiments were studied using the subcutaneous inoculation of @entity14621 . The pathophysiology of the superficial @entity4013 was thought to be the same as those of the contact ( @entity56 ) @entity1909 , including the physiodynamics of CD-1 cells. The principal mechanism of the defense lay in the removal of the foreign materials (fungi) together with keratinocytes whose turnover increased because of the eczematous reaction. It was proved that the topical application of @entity134 ointment suppressed the immune reactions locally, thus forming a paradoxical feature with little inflammatory reaction and abundant fungal elements (so-called atypical @entity4013 ). The pathophysiology of the @entity364 was thought to be a suppurative granulomatous reaction and pathologically showed a mixed cell @entity738 . The neutrophils and macrophages engulfed and digested the fungi in the forefront, but the circumference was surrounded by epithelioid cells and/or foreign body @entity738 . Transepithelial elimination also played some role in the defense. It was proved that when the defense mechanism was weakened by the topically applied @entity134 ointment, not only the clinical symptoms but also the fungicidal tissue reaction were subdued, and histocytes only engulfed fungi to protect them from dispersion. The trichophytin reaction turned positive on the 14th day, and the sporotrichin reaction on the 7th day.

title: [The pathophysiology and defense mechanism against superficial and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity9202 :: ('MESH:D003881', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomycosis']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis', 'tinea']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous fungal infection', 'fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity14621 :: ('29908', 'Species') :: ['Sporothrix schenckii']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['subcutaneous fungal infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the clinical use of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) of @entity418 ; therefore, we retrospectively investigated the clinical value of postoperative IMRT among resected @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled a total of 228 @entity1 with resected @entity1721 who underwent IMRT between January 2004 and June 2009 in the study. PORT was applied via IMRT with a median total dose of 60   Gy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates, and a log-rank test was used for univariate analysis. The Cox proportional model was used for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The one, three, and five-year overall survival rates of all @entity1 were 89.9%, 56.7%, and 45.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that significant prognostic factors included Union for International @entity5 Control 2002 stage, lymphatic @entity3 , number of metastatic lymph nodes, the degree of metastatic lymph nodes, the degree of differentiation, and @entity5 thrombus (P < 0.05). Treatment failure occurred in 98 (45.2%) @entity1 because of recurrence or @entity3 . Early reactions were observed at rates of 18.0% for @entity1208 and 5.7% for @entity1207 more than grade 2. Late side effects included @entity850 (1.3%) and @entity360 (3.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The postoperative prophylactic IMRT of @entity1721 provided a favorable local control rate and acceptable @entity137 .

title: Efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma', 'TESCC']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['radiation esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1207 :: ('MESH:D017564', 'Disease') :: ['radiation pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this research was to verify the presence of @entity854 on semen of Brycon orbignyanus after cryopreservation. Semen was collected from ten four-year-old males who presented secondary reproductive characteristics for migrating fish. Sperm was evaluated for motility, vigor and spermatic morphology before and after cryopreservation. A cryoprotectant solution was made of 20 mL of yolk egg, 5.0 g of @entity413 and @entity3733 diluted in distilled water (10 mL: 90 mL). The diluted semen (1:3, semen:solution) was submitted to @entity1568 steam for 24 hours and then to liquid @entity1568 (-196   C) for 60 days. Cryopreservation decreased the percentage of normal spermatozoa from 62.20% to 54.60%. Consequently, the percentage of spermatozoa with secondary abnormalities increased from 8.50% to 15.00%. However, there was no difference in primary abnormalities. Both spermatic motility and vigor were decreased in cryopreserved semen compared with fresh semen. In conclusion, cryopreservation of semen of B. orbignyanus increased the percentage of secondary abnormalities and decreased the spermatic motility and vigor.

title: XXXX of piracanjuba Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1849) after cryopreservation.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['spermatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Spermatic abnormalities']


abstract: The primary structures of alpha I- and beta I-chains from the hemoglobins of the @entity10190 ( @entity10190 ) are presented. The globin chains were separated on CM-cellulose in 8 M @entity1133 buffer. The @entity535 sequences were established by automatic Edman degradation of the native chains, the tryptic peptides and a peptide obtained by @entity13518 cleavage. The sequences are compared with @entity1 hemoglobin. @entity535 replacements at positions critical for structure and function of the hemoglobin are discussed. The requirements for binding of @entity855 and also of @entity6298 as allosteric effectors at the beta-chains seem to be fulfilled. Comparison of the alpha-chains with those of the Viper (Vipera aspis) shows 66 @entity535 substitutions. This number is in the same order of magnitude as the ones found by comparison with alpha-chains of crocodiles and mammals as well as with alpha A-chains of a turtle and birds. This result points towards a period of independent evolution of the reptile lines leading to the @entity10190 on one hand and to the Viper on the other. This time span is comparable to the one separating mammals from reptiles.

title: Hemoglobins of reptiles. The primary structures of the alpha I- and beta I-chains of XXXX ( @entity10190 ) hemoglobin.

entities_list: @entity10190 :: ('8517', 'Species') :: ['Iguana iguana', 'Common Iguana']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['Amino-acid', 'amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity13518 :: ('MESH:D003488', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanogen bromide']

answer: @entity10190 :: (8517,Species) :: ['common iguana']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of B-mode ultrasound in the diagnosis of neuromuscular @entity409 , including @entity16 . METHODS: A prospective study of @entity1 with @entity1353 referred to the EMG laboratory over a 2-year time frame for evaluation of neuromuscular @entity1576 who were recruited consecutively and examined with ultrasound for possible @entity409 . Sonographic outcome measures were absolute thickness of the diaphragm and degree of increased thickness with maximal inspiration. The comparison standard for diagnosis of @entity409 was the final clinical diagnosis of clinicians blinded to the diaphragm ultrasound results, but taking into account other diagnostic workup, including chest radiographs, fluoroscopy, phrenic nerve conduction studies, diaphragm EMG, and/or pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: Of 82 @entity1 recruited over a 2-year period, 66 were enrolled in the study. Sixteen @entity1 were excluded because of inconclusive or insufficient reference testing. One hemidiaphragm could not be adequately visualized; therefore, hemidiaphragm assessment was conducted in a total of 131 hemidiaphragms in 66 @entity1 . Of the 82 abnormal hemidiaphragms, 76 had abnormal sonographic findings ( @entity194 or decreased contractility). Of the 49 normal hemidiaphragms, none had a false-positive ultrasound. Diaphragmatic ultrasound was 93% sensitive and 100% specific for the diagnosis of neuromuscular @entity409 . CONCLUSION: B-mode ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm is a highly sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis of neuromuscular @entity409 . CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that diaphragmatic ultrasound performed by well-trained individuals accurately identifies @entity1 with neuromuscular diaphragmatic @entity1576 (sensitivity 93%; specificity 100%).

title: Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic ultrasound in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['phrenic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['diaphragm dysfunction', 'diaphragmatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['phrenic neuropathy']


abstract: The clinical and biological characteristics of @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) in acute leukemic transformation were studied in 23 @entity1 . All had myeloid transformation according to @entity1334 criteria, but coexpression of lymphoid-associated antigens was detected in five of the 20 @entity1 who underwent an immunophenotypic study. Rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was also observed in one of the five @entity1 who coexpressed lymphoid markers and that of the T-cell receptor beta chain gene in another one. None had pure lymphoid transformation. @entity2008 were noted in 12 (63%) of the 19 @entity1 who underwent cytogenetic study, most commonly - 7 (six @entity1 or 32%). In the 18 @entity1 who underwent serial analyses both at @entity2590 diagnosis and at acute transformation, seven (39%) underwent karyotypic evolution. The most common new or additional aberrations were +8 and +21. @entity8497 gene mutation was detected in two of the nine @entity1 at acute leukemic transformation. The median interval from diagnosis of @entity2590 to onset of acute transformation was 10 months (1-36 months). @entity1 with a normal karyotype at diagnosis had a significantly longer chronic phase duration than those with @entity2008 (median of 20 months vs. 5 months). However, all had a short survival time after diagnosis of @entity3052 , whether @entity2008 were present or not.

title: Acute XXXX --immunophenotypic, genotypic, and cytogenetic studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities', 'chromosomal anomalies', 'Clonal chromosomal abnormalities']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['leukemic transformation of myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity1924 , a new synthetic inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, in preventing stent @entity715 after successful implantation. DESIGN: Preliminary prospective study. SETTING: A single coronary care unit in Japan. @entity1 : Elective, bailout, or primary stents were implanted in 85 consecutive @entity1 with 93 lesions. Primary stent implantation was performed in 18 @entity1 with @entity583 . @entity1 received 200 mg @entity1924 and 243 mg @entity117 after stenting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Stent @entity715 , major and minor complications, and side effects were assessed in the six months after stenting. RESULTS: Gianturco-Roubin stents were implanted in 37 lesions, Wiktor stents in 55, and Palmaz-Schatz stents in 27. Multiple stents were used in 26 lesions. There was no mortality, stent @entity715 related Q wave @entity583 , emergency bypass surgery, repeat intervention, or @entity455 in the six months of follow up. Acute or subacute closure did not occur after stenting. There were no serious side effects such as @entity1210 and/or @entity409 for three months. @entity1924 was withdrawn in one @entity1 because of @entity1910 . @entity1 who underwent primary stenting had no clinical events, such as acute or subacute @entity715 , or side effects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1924 is an effective antiplatelet agent with minimum side effects after elective, bailout, or primary stent implantation.

title: Antiplatelet treatment with XXXX after stent implantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal liver function']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilostazol', 'cilostazol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1924 :: (MESH:C045645,Chemical) :: ['cilostazol']


abstract: Elevated plasma intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) is one of the features of @entity1381 which is potentially atherogenic. We examined the effects of @entity8673 , an @entity2453 reductase inhibitor, on IDL levels as well as other lipoprotein parameters in 19 @entity1381 @entity1 treated with hemodialysis (HD, n = 11) or @entity298 ( @entity298 , n = 8). The @entity1 were administered 5 mg/day @entity8673 for the initial 4 weeks and 10 mg/day for the subsequent 12 weeks. In the analysis of the total subjects, IDL- @entity165 was reduced by 31% as well as low density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 . @entity165 in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) also decreased whereas that in high density lipoprotein (HDL) did not. Significant decrease of serum @entity1674 was due mainly to reduced IDL- and LDL- @entity1674 . Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I did not change, whereas apo A-II, B, C-II, C-III, E, and B/A-I ratio were significantly lowered. @entity8673 did not affect measured activity of lecithin: @entity165 acyltransferase, post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase or hepatic @entity412 lipase. HD and @entity298 @entity1 responded almost equally to the treatment. IDL elevation was present independent of serum total @entity165 , and it was lowered by @entity8673 even in non-hypercholesterolemic subjects. There was no critical adverse effect besides transient and asymptomatic increase of serum @entity908 kinase level. We conclude that @entity8673 can be a safe and effective approach to the management of @entity2299 in @entity1381 @entity1 who have an elevated level of IDL.

title: Reduction of intermediate density lipoprotein by XXXX in hemo- and peritoneal dialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity8673 :: ('MESH:D017035', 'Chemical') :: ['pravastatin', 'Pravastatin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['uremic', 'uremic dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity8673 :: (MESH:D017035,Chemical) :: ['pravastatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11281 is present in the dental plaque biofilm of @entity1 with @entity2521 . Biofilm cells change their phenotype through quorum sensing in response to fluctuations in cell-population density. Quorum sensing is mediated by auto-inducers (AIs). @entity1605 is involved in intercellular signaling, and production of its distant precursor is catalyzed by LuxS, an enzyme involved in the activated @entity5498 cycle. Our aim was to clarify the role of LuxS in biofilm formation by @entity11281 . Two luxS-deficient mutants, TmAI2 and LKT7, were constructed from @entity11282 by homologous recombination. The mutants produced significantly less @entity1605 than the wild type. The growth rates of these mutants were similar to that of the wild-type in both undiluted Tryptic soy broth and 0.5 * Tryptic soy broth. However, according to @entity1686 staining, they produced significantly less biofilm than the wild type. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the biofilm of the TmAI2 strain had a rougher structure than that of the wild type. Complementation of TmAI-2 with extrinsic @entity1605 from the culture supernatant of wild-type strain did not restore biofilm formation by the TmAI2 strain, but complementation of LKT7 strain with luxS partially restored biofilm formation. These results indicate that LuxS is involved in biofilm formation by @entity11281 , and that the attenuation of biofilm formation by the mutants is likely caused by a defect in the activated @entity5498 cycle rather than by a loss of @entity1605 .

title: Involvement of luxS in Biofilm Formation by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11281 :: ('1018', 'Species') :: ['Capnocytophaga ochracea', 'C. ochracea']

entities_list: @entity1686 :: ('MESH:D005840', 'Chemical') :: ['crystal violet']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity11281 :: (1018,Species) :: ['Capnocytophaga ochracea']


abstract: It is generally believed that @entity694 are uncommon amongst Blacks. One hundred and twenty seven cases of large bowel @entity5 were treated at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife between 1981 and 1990. There were 84 males and 43 females. The mean age was 53 years. Duration of illness prior to presentation at the hospital varied between two weeks to three years with a mean time lag of 15 months. @entity1321 was found in 83 @entity1 and these also presented with @entity417 . However massive @entity548 was noticed only in 38 cases. Most of the lesions were rectosigmoid. Some of these @entity1 accounting for 87 cases (69 pc) refused permanent colostomy due to social embarrassment. Histopathologic appearance of the @entity5 were @entity420 in 97 cases. Thirty five @entity1 died within the first year of their presentation and management. Twenty eight @entity1 are still being followed up while other @entity1 have been lost to follow up. This study shows that a sizeable number of @entity1 suffer from @entity694 in our community.

title: Pattern and presentation of large bowel XXXX in Nigerians.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasms', 'colonic neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mostly adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Kidney transplantation is associated with an increased risk of @entity174 and rapid loss of bone mineral density after kidney transplantation. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING _ @entity1 : @entity1 were randomly assigned to treatment (n = 46) or control (no treatment; n = 47) groups. @entity1 were stratified according to parathyroid hormone level and sex. Those with parathyroid hormone level less than 150 pg/mL were excluded. INTERVENTION: The treatment and control groups received @entity5279 , 1 mg/kg, perioperatively and then at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months or no treatment, respectively. All received @entity460 (500 mg) and @entity560 (400 units) daily. Immunosuppression was @entity205 and @entity617 , with no difference in dosing between the 2 groups. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: Bone mineral density was evaluated by means of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine and hip at baseline and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, with the primary end point at 1 year of percentage of change in bone mineral density from baseline. Clinical @entity174 were recorded and also evaluated by means of spinal radiographs at baseline @entity676 years. RESULTS: @entity5279 protected bone mineral density at the lumbar spine; bone mineral density increased by 2.1% in the treatment group and decreased by 5.7% in the control group at 12 months (P = 0.001). Protection was also seen in Ward's area of the hip (P = 0.002) and the total hip (P = 0.004). There was no difference in femoral neck bone mineral density loss between the 2 groups. @entity174 rates in the treatment and control groups were 3.3% and 6.4% per annum, respectively. LIMITATIONS: This study was not powered to detect differences in @entity174 rates. CONCLUSION: @entity5279 protects against posttransplantation @entity604 at the lumbar spine and Ward's area of the hip.

title: Effect of @entity5279 on XXXX after kidney transplantation: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['Pamidronate', 'pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'Fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: Sex hormones can regulate differentiation and growth of mesenchymal cells and their neoplastic counterparts. This study aims to investigate the expression status of @entity172 receptors (ER), @entity1782 and @entity1783 , in a variety of soft tissue @entity242 . One hundred and twenty soft tissue @entity242 were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of @entity1782 and @entity1783 proteins. Fifty-six @entity5 were further analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 30 @entity5 were further analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) assay for their gene expression. The expression level of ER proteins was assessed in correlation with clinicopathological parameters such as @entity1 ' age, gender, and @entity5 Ki-67 labeling index. Forty-five (37.5%) @entity5 expressed @entity1782 protein and 52 (43.3%) @entity5 expressed @entity1783 protein at variable levels. Both receptors were expressed with relatively high frequencies in several types of @entity5 (e.g. @entity241 , well-differentiated @entity1821 , @entity243 , and @entity1418 ). A positive correlation was seen between the expression levels of @entity1782 and @entity1783 in the current series. Thirty-one of the 42 informative cases examined by RT-PCR and 15 of the 16 informative @entity5 examined by ISH showed compatible results with those by immunohistochemistry. Neither gender nor age had a significant influence on the ER expression status. No significant correlation between the expression level of either type of ER and the @entity5 proliferation activity was identified. The results indicate that both ER isoforms are frequently expressed in certain subsets of soft tissue @entity242 , but their expression levels seem unrelated to the @entity5 proliferation activity.

title: Expression of XXXX receptors alpha and beta in soft tissue @entity242 : Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity241 :: ('MESH:D018223', 'Disease') :: ['dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance']

entities_list: @entity243 :: ('MESH:D018208', 'Disease') :: ['myxoid liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcoma']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of combined topical therapy and systemic interferon alfa-2a in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and the @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Between December 1987 and April 1993, 39 @entity1 with all stages of @entity4888 and @entity4889 were treated with combined phototherapy and systemic interferon alfa-2a as part of two institutional studies. The initial phase I study of 15 @entity1 established the maximum-tolerated dose of interferon and has been previously reported. Subsequently, 24 @entity1 have been entered onto a phase II trial. Long-term follow-up data are provided for both studies. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration for the entire cohort is 28 months. @entity1 with all stages of disease were enrolled (stage IB, n = 14; IIA, n = 5; IIB, n = 6; III, n = 8; @entity3480 , n = 5; IVB, n = 1). Thirty-four @entity1 had received previous therapy. Overall, 36 of 39 @entity1 achieved a complete response (CR; 62%) or partial response (28%) to therapy. The median response duration is 28 months (range, 1 to 64). Twenty-nine of 39 @entity1 are alive, with a median survival duration of 62 months (range, 1 to 66). CONCLUSION: Interferon alfa-2a combined with phototherapy is an effective, safe, durable therapy for @entity4888 and @entity4889 .

title: Effectiveness of interferon alfa-2a combined with phototherapy for XXXX and the @entity4889 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'S  zary syndrome']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A sustained elevation of glucocorticoid production, associated with the establishment of insulin resistance (IR) could add to the deleterious effects of the IR state. The aim of this study is to analyze the consequences of long-term feeding with a @entity969 -rich diet (SRD) on @entity9210 /ACTH production, define the underlying cellular processes, and determine the effects of moderate exercise (ME) on these parameters. Animals fed a standard chow with or without 30% sucrose in the drinking water were subjected to ME. Circulating hormone levels were determined, and pituitary tissues were processed and analyzed by immunobloting and quantitative real-time PCR. Parameters of oxidative stress (OxS), @entity1642 , and autophagy were also determined. @entity35 fed SRD developed a decrease in pituitary @entity9210 /ACTH expression levels, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, and induction of @entity1642 and autophagy. ME prevented @entity4611 as well as induction of antioxidant enzymes and autophagy. Reporter assays were performed in AtT-20 corticotroph cells incubated in the presence of @entity7609 . @entity9210 transcription was inhibited by @entity7609 -dependent induction of OxS and autophagy, as judged by the effect of activators and inhibitors of both processes. Long-term feeding with SRD triggers the generation of OxS and autophagy in the pituitary gland, which could lead to a decline in @entity9210 /ACTH/glucocorticoid production. These effects could be attributed to an increase in @entity1718 availability to the pituitary gland. ME was able to prevent these alterations, suggesting additional beneficial effects of ME as a therapeutic strategy in the management of IR.

title: Moderate Exercise Prevents Functional Remodeling of the Anterior Pituitary Gland in Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in XXXX : Role of Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['endoplasmic reticulum stress']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to analyze the outcomes of @entity1 treated with combined open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) and primary @entity572 ( @entity572 ) for selected cases of @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: University Medical Center. @entity1 AND @entity1 : Four hundred twenty @entity1 underwent ORIF for displaced @entity174 at our institution. Twenty-one of these @entity1 underwent ORIF and primary @entity572 . All surgeries were performed under the direct supervision of a fellowship-trained orthopaedic trauma surgeon and a fellowship trained adult reconstructive surgeon who acted as a cosurgeon. At the time of review, 18 @entity1 met the 1-year follow-up requirement and formed the study cohort. Mean @entity1 age was 71 years (range 55-86 years). There was 1 transverse @entity174 , 1 anterior column posterior hemitransverse and 1 both-column @entity174 . There were 15 posterior wall @entity174 . Of the 15 posterior wall @entity174 , 1 was associated with posterior column @entity174 , 1 with dome @entity174 , 2 with transverse @entity174 , and 9 with femoral head impaction @entity174 . There were 2 @entity1 with isolated posterior wall @entity174 . Clinical outcomes were analyzed using Harris hip score. Radiographs were analyzed for implant migration and loosening around the implant. RESULTS: Of the 18 @entity1 in the study, 14 @entity1 were followed for more than 2 years (average 3.9 years, range 1-10.1 years). All but 1 @entity1 healed successfully. One @entity1 required revision and placement of a constrained prosthesis due to failure of acetabular component, 3 weeks post-index procedure. Harris hip score ranged from 78 to 99 with a mean of 88. The radiographs showed an average medial displacement of 1.2 mm (range 0-3 mm) and an average vertical displacement of 1.3 mm (range 0-4 mm). There was no radiographic evidence of acetabular component loosening, but loosening was evident on 1 uncemented femoral stem. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity174 remains challenging particularly in the presence of severe @entity2331 , comminution, or associated femoral @entity174 . In appropriately selected @entity1 , ORIF and primary @entity572 provide an acceptable treatment option.

title: Open reduction internal fixation and primary XXXX of selected @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'total hip arthroplasty']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['acetabular fractures', 'fractures', 'fracture', 'head fracture']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['total hip arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to estimate the burden of @entity66 in Iran for the year 2003, using Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) at the national level and for six selected provinces. METHODS: Methods developed by the World Health Organization for National @entity66 (NBD) studies were applied to estimate @entity66 incidence for the calculation of Years of Life Lost due to premature mortality (YLL), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and DALYs. The following adjustments of the NBD methodology were made in this study: a revised list with 213 @entity66 causes, development of new and more specific disease modeling templates for @entity5 and @entity130 , and adjustment for dependent comorbidity. We compared the results with World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for Eastern Mediterranean Region, sub-region B in 2002. RESULTS: We estimated that in the year 2003, there were 21,572 DALYs due to all diseases and @entity130 per 100,000 Iranian @entity1 of all ages and both sexes. From this total number of DALYs, 62% were due to disability premature deaths (YLD) and 38% were due to premature deaths (YLL); 58% were due to noncommunicable diseases, 28% - to @entity130 , and 14% - to communicable, maternal, perinatal, and nutritional conditions. Fifty-three percent of the total number of 14.349 million DALYs in Iran were in males, with 36.5% of the total due to intentional and unintentional @entity130 , 15% due to mental and @entity146 , and 10% due to @entity262 ; and 47% of DALYs were in females, with 18% of the total due to mental and @entity146 , 18% due to intentional and unintentional @entity130 , and 12% due to @entity262 . The @entity66 causes leading to the highest number of DALYs in males were road traffic accidents (1.071 million), natural disasters (548 thousand), opioid use (510 thousand), and @entity741 (434 thousand). The leading causes of DALYs in females were @entity741 (438 thousand), major @entity308 (420 thousand), natural disasters (419 thousand), and road traffic accidents (235 thousand). The @entity66 at the province level showed marked variability. DALY estimates by Iran's NBD study were higher than those for EMR-B by WHO. CONCLUSION: The health and disease profile in Iran has made the transition from the dominance of communicable diseases to that of noncommunicable diseases and road traffic @entity130 . NBD results are to be used in health program planning, research, and resource allocation and generation policies and practices.

title: The burden of disease and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Burden of Disease', 'disease and injury', 'burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral disorders']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory system diseases']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury in Iran 2003']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are few studies on fractional exhaled @entity842 (FeNO) and @entity1576 among adults in tropical areas. The aim was to study associations between FeNO and selected personal factors, @entity1576 , @entity566 , office characteristics and indoor office exposures among office workers (n   =   460) from a university in Malaysia. METHODS: Information on health was collected by a questionnaire, skin prick test and FeNO measurement. Temperature, relative air humidity, @entity1223 and @entity544 were measured in the offices. Settled dust was vacuumed in the offices and analyzed for endotoxin, (1,3)-b-glucan and house dust mites allergens, namely @entity7130 (Der p 1) and @entity8786 (Der f 1). Two-level linear mixed models and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the associations. RESULTS: One-fourth (25.9%) of the office workers had elevated FeNO level (>= 25   ppb) and 61.5% had HDM, cat, seafood or pollen @entity566 . Male gender (p   <   0.001), current smoking (p   =   0.037), height (p   <   0.001) and @entity402 (p   <   0.001) were associated with FeNO. The amount of vacuumed dust was associated with FeNO among @entity1097 subjects (p   =   0.009). @entity565 and @entity2490 symptoms were associated with FeNO (p   <   0.05), especially among @entity1097 subjects. In particular, a combination of @entity402 and elevated FeNO were associated with doctor-diagnosed @entity565 (p   <   0.001), @entity2490 (p   <   0.001) and airway symptoms last 12 months (p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Gender, smoking, height and @entity402 are important risk factors for elevated FeNO levels. A combination of @entity566 testing and FeNO measurement could be useful in respiratory illness epidemiology studies and @entity1 investigations in tropical areas.

title: Fractional exhaled XXXX (FeNO) among office workers in an academic institution, Malaysia - associations with @entity565 , @entity566 and office environment.

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity8786 :: ('6954', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides farinae']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Subconjunctival @entity230 are often injected at the end of @entity231 surgery. In the present laser flare-cell meter study, we investigated whether this procedure improves the anti-inflammatory effect of @entity134 eye drops. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 (69-81 years of age) without preexisting @entity1503 barrier were investigated preoperatively and after ECCE with PC-IOL implantation. The laser flare-cell meter (model FC 1000; Kowa Company) used for examination permits sensitive and exact determination of aqueous flare. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of the following two treatment groups: group A: topical therapy with @entity617 1% eye drops (Inflanefran forte) 5 times per day; group B: subconjunctival injection of 4 mg @entity619 ( @entity5969 ) immediately at the end of surgery; topical therapy as in group A. In addition, all patients received antibiotic therapy using @entity801 eye drops. Oral @entity230 were not administered. RESULTS: Under topical therapy with @entity617 1% (group A), the aqueous flare (in photon counts/millisecond) increased from a preoperative value of 10.2 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SD) to 37.3 +/- 11.1 in the afternoon after surgery (8 h postoperatively) and decreased to 30.9 +/- 38.7 and 27.8 +/- 3.2 on days 1 and 3 after surgery. With additional @entity134 injection (group B), the flare accounted to 31.7 +/- 8.7 in the afternoon after surgery and to 31.3 +/- 5.9 and 27.1 +/- 4.7 on days 1 and 3 after surgery, respectively. There was no significant group difference (P > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS: After uncomplicated @entity231 surgery, subconjunctival @entity134 injection (4 mg @entity619 ) does not improve the effect of potent anti-inflammatory topical therapy ( @entity617 1% eye drops).

title: [Is subconjunctival XXXX administration in addition to local therapy after @entity231 operations necessary? A laser tyndallometric study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity5969 :: ('MESH:C018038', 'Chemical') :: ['Fortecortin']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies of the blood-aqueous']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing @entity5 ( @entity11563 ) or @entity11563 is a @entity5 . It occurs in less than ten percent of all @entity5 , and about 70 percent to 80 percent of these @entity5 originate from the pancreas. Diagnosis is characteristically delayed. The first-line treatment is surgical. It may be curative in forty percent of @entity1 with benign and non-metastatic disease. Palliative surgery is indicated in extensive disease, followed by conventional @entity1943 analogue (octreotide) therapy. @entity1943 analogues improve hormone-mediated symptoms, reduce @entity5 bulk and prevent local and systemic effects. We present a female @entity1 with @entity11563 , which had metastasised to the liver at diagnosis. The @entity1 underwent palliative Whipple procedure and subsequent cytoreductive radiofrequency ablations to her liver metastases. Unfortunately, after symptomatic improvement for three years, her disease progressed. Currently, she is on daily @entity2390 , achieving partial control of her symptoms.

title: XXXX : challenges in management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic islet cell tumours', 'tumour', 'tumours', 'very rare neuroendocrine tumour']

entities_list: @entity11563 :: ('MESH:D003969', 'Disease') :: ['VIPoma', 'VIPoma syndrome', 'Verner-Morrison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin', 'Somatostatin']

answer: @entity11563 :: (MESH:D003969,Disease) :: ['VIPoma syndrome']


abstract: Obesity is nowadays a major public health problem. The World Health Organization reported that globally 400 million adults are @entity28 , and the situation seems to raise in the future. Furthermore, @entity28 is a major risk factor for a number of @entity102 such as type 2 @entity6 , @entity65 and the @entity209 . Interestingly, several studies have reported that appetite suppression and body weight loss are frequently observed at high altitude. This observation has opened some possibilities for losing weight under @entity519 or living in altitude. Nevertheless, the triggering mechanisms for the decrease in energy intake in @entity519 conditions still remain unclear as well as the impact on body mass components. On the other hand, @entity28 subjects often present a chronic inflammatory state on the adipose tissue that might have a strong relationship with onset and development of @entity28 . Thus, it has been consistently reported that adipose tissue of @entity28 subjects is poorly oxygenated and that this @entity519 state is a new potential risk factor for the @entity32 in @entity28 . In this sense, @entity26 therapy is a common technique used in current medicine for the treatment of several diseases, while animal studies have demonstrated that treatment with @entity871 produces some beneficial effects in different diseases related with lack of @entity26 in several organs. In this article, we review the role of @entity26 availability in body weight homeostasis and hypothesize the possible applicability of @entity519 and @entity871 for the treatment of @entity28 and @entity74 .

title: Impact of XXXX availability on body weight management.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity-related diseases', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease in @entity468 is highly prevalent, and its aetiology is associated to bacteria located in the subgingival microbiota, being Porphyromonas sp. the most prevalent genus. The conventional technique to sample the subgingival microbiota is the use of @entity2708 swabs over the mucosa and teeth; however the use of subgingival paper points could improve the bacterial recovery. AIM: The objective was to compare two microbial sampling approaches for the evaluation of the @entity2520 -associated microflora in @entity468 . METHODS: The study was designed as a pilot study. Ten @entity468 were clinically evaluated and sampled under sedation. Subgingival pooled samples were collected from four sites. In parallel, samples were obtained with a @entity2708 swab, by striking over the gingival margin and surface of the upper right @entity235 . Samples were cultured on blood agar (aerobic and anaerobic incubation), Dentaid-1 (for @entity3841 and enterics), and a specific medium for @entity2711 . RESULTS: For total anaerobic counts, paper point samples (6.59    0.5) demonstrated significantly higher counts (p=0.03) than @entity2708 swab samples (5.54    1.1). Moreover, the use of paper points increased the frequency detection of most pathogens thus reducing false negatives for Porphyromonas gulae (100% with paper points samples and 80% with @entity2708 swab samples). CONCLUSIONS: Significant higher recoveries of anaerobic bacteria and more frequent detection of putative periodontal pathogens was observed when microbiological sampling was performed with paper points, in @entity468 with @entity2520 .

title: Comparison of two sampling methods for microbiological evaluation of XXXX in @entity468 .

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: There are over 243,800 female sexual assaults in the United States annually. Of those who seek healthcare services after being sexually assaulted, 90% present to hospitals. Unfortunately, care and services for @entity1 who have been sexually assaulted are inconsistent. Increased burnout, frustration, and feelings of inadequacy can lead healthcare providers to exhibit personal biases or negative attitudes toward their @entity1 . The Joint Commission, responsible for accreditation of healthcare organizations, has stated that nurses must provide competent care to all @entity1 . Therefore, @entity458 Examiner (SANE) training needs to be available for emergency department (ED) nurses who care for @entity1 who have been sexually assaulted. A survey using the Attitude Toward Rape Victims Scale was sent to 1503 ED nurses throughout the United States, from the Emergency Nursing Association's mailing list. The results of the survey showed that there was a significant difference in attitudes toward the @entity1 between SANE-trained emergency nurses and those without training. This study also showed that 35.5% of hospitals represented by the respondents did not have SANE services available for adult @entity1 who had been sexually assaulted, and furthermore, 85.5% of the respondents who cared for adult @entity1 who had been sexually assaulted were not SANE trained. The negative attitudes held toward such @entity1 as found in this study, coupled with a lack of training provides evidence that ED nurses may benefit from education related to appropriate treatment for @entity1 who have been sexually assaulted. As evidence-based practice becomes the gold standard of care, ensuring that nurses are properly trained to care for all @entity1 must be the goal.

title: Does @entity458 Examiner (SANE) Training Affect Attitudes of Emergency Department Nurses Toward XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual Assault Nurse']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Sexual Assault Survivors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity3659 @entity137 may cause @entity943 , severe @entity551 , @entity410 and CNS @entity308 , including @entity772 . Management with gastric lavage, activated charcoal, alkalinization and supportive care with mechanical ventilation, antiarrhythmics and anticonvulsants, if required, is the general approach. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old @entity1 who had taken @entity1445 antidepressants ( @entity3659 and @entity13707 ) was admitted to the emergency service. She was intubated because she had pure @entity1576 . Besides @entity551 (80/60 mmHg), she was unresponsive to verbal and painful stimuli and her Glasgow @entity772 score was 6. Hemogram and serum biochemical parameters and electrocardiography were within normal limits. The @entity1 was examined for @entity734 and no trace of the injector was found in the body. @entity1 underwent a @entity772 cocktail ( @entity1510 2 mg/body, 50% @entity413 25g/body and @entity15854 100 mg/body). [corrected] Activated charcoal and intravenous alkalinization by @entity5993 were initiated. Spontaneous respiration started again 20 min after being given the @entity772 cocktail. She became responsive to verbal stimuli first hour after the @entity772 cocktail, and her Glasgow @entity772 score improved to 13. She had spent 2 days in the service and was discharged by the second day of admission, without any complications. DISCUSSION: Herein, we report successful treatment in a case of severe @entity3659 and @entity13707 @entity4968 by @entity1510 in addition to the above supportive care. @entity1510 treatment may have a beneficial role in lethal doses of @entity3659 ingestion because @entity3659 may affect opioid receptors.

title: @entity3659 and @entity13707 @entity4968 treated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity13707 :: ('MESH:C050504', 'Chemical') :: ['tianeptine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory arrest']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the life expectancy of @entity1 with @entity85 improves, long-term studies of endoprosthetic reconstructions are necessary to establish realistic expectations for the implants and compare them to other reconstruction approaches. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) What is the long-term survival of cemented bipolar proximal femoral replacements? (2) How does prosthesis survival compare to @entity1 survival among @entity1 with @entity34 ? (3) Do modular implants outperform custom-built prostheses? (4) Do some proximal femoral replacements require conversion to THA? @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all 86 proximal femoral replacements used for @entity5 reconstruction from 1982 to 2008. Primary diagnoses were 43 high-grade @entity5 (IIA/IIB), 20 low-grade @entity5 (IA/IB or benign), and 23 with @entity3 . We reviewed prosthesis survival, @entity1 survival, complication rates, functional outcomes, and rates of conversion to THA. RESULTS: Five of 86 @entity1 (5.8%) required revision of the femoral component. Five-, 10-and 20-year implant survivorships were 93%, 84%, and 56%, respectively. All @entity1 with low-grade disease survived; the 5-year survival rate for @entity1 with @entity3 was 16%; the 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival for IIA/IIB @entity1 was 54%, 50%, and 44%, respectively. Five of 86 @entity1 (5.8%) underwent conversion to THA for groin @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: Cemented bipolar proximal femoral replacements after @entity5 resection proved a durable reconstruction technique. The implants outlived @entity1 with @entity3 and high-grade localized disease while @entity1 with low-grade disease outlived their implants. The survival of modular prostheses was comparable to that of older, one-piece custom designs.

title: How long do endoprosthetic reconstructions for proximal XXXX last?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal tumors']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Stage I, II, and III disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['femoral tumors']


abstract: Arterial and portal @entity1063 and @entity1425 levels, and hepatic blood volumes were measured in @entity468 anesthetized with @entity4485 to determine the basal levels after surgery and adrenalectomy in comparison with levels during intravenous infusions of @entity1063 and @entity1425 that produced hepatic venoconstriction. In addition, the hypothesis that @entity1063 released into portal blood during mesenteric nerve stimulation might produce hepatic venous responses was tested. No @entity1425 was detected in any plasma samples except during intravenous @entity1425 infusions. Surgery did not increase, and adrenalectomy did not decrease, the basal @entity1063 levels measured after anesthesia (0.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml). These basal levels were below the minimal levels required to produce hepatic venous responses. Equal plasma levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 produced similar hepatic venous responses and maximal responses required increases in plasma levels of 100 times the basal levels. Stimulation of mesenteric nerves at 2 Hz produced no change in portal @entity1063 levels, whereas at 8 Hz it produced a doubling of these levels. No significant changes in hepatic volume occurred. It is concluded that although basal levels of circulating @entity2661 may reflect overall sympathetic nervous activity, they are not high enough to produce hepatic venous responses. Sympathetic control of the hepatic venous bed is mediated through the hepatic innervation, and circulating @entity2661 play at most a minor role.

title: Effects of circulating @entity2661 on hepatic blood volume in anesthetized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital sodium']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: @entity3243 ( @entity3243 ) are the main cause of @entity459 . Cell cycle regulation in normal parathyroid tissue (NPT) and @entity865 remains largely unknown. We have systematically explored several components involved in the @entity876 / @entity7465 / @entity4452 (ARF) pathway in @entity865 and compared the results were with NPT. Forty-six @entity865 and 12 NPT were immunostained with anti- @entity994 ( @entity994 ), @entity7465 , @entity876 , and @entity5438 (KP1) antibodies. The slides were processed by cytometry and the results were statistically analyzed using nonparametric methods (Mann-Whitney test). p2l( @entity994 ) and @entity7465 expression were significantly higher in @entity865 compared with NPT (p < 0.05). The opposite results were found for @entity5438 ( @entity13525 ) (p< 0.05). Occasional @entity876 staining was found in some @entity865 , albeit no significant difference was found in comparison with NPT. In conclusion, @entity7465 and p2l( @entity994 ) are the proteins more overexpressed in @entity865 . These findings are surprising taking into account the benign nature of @entity865 , making them suitable candidates for further molecular analysis.

title: @entity876 / XXXX Pathway Aberrations in @entity3243 : @entity994 ( @entity994 ) and @entity7465 Are Frequently Overexpressed in @entity3243 .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['Parathyroid adenomas', 'PTAs']

answer: @entity7465 :: (4193,Gene) :: ['MDM2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an interactive self-management Website for @entity1 with @entity615 would significantly improve emotional management, coping, self-efficacy to manage @entity158 , @entity158 levels, and physical functioning compared with standard text-based materials. DESIGN: The study utilized a pretest-posttest randomized controlled design comparing Website ( @entity615 ) and control (text-based material) conditions at baseline and at 1-, 3, and 6-month follow-ups. @entity1 : Two hundred and nine @entity1 with @entity615 were recruited through dissemination of study information online and at a @entity158 treatment clinic. The 6-month follow-up rates for the Website and control groups were 73% and 84%, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: Measures were based on the recommendations of the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and @entity158 Assessment in Clinical Trials and included measures of @entity158 intensity, physical functioning, emotional functioning, coping, self-efficacy, fear-avoidance, perceived improvement with treatment, self-efficacy, and catastrophizing. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity615 @entity1 reported significantly: 1) lower stress; 2) increased coping self-statements; and 3) greater use of social support. Comparisons between groups suggested clinically significant differences in current @entity158 intensity, @entity308 , @entity148 , stress, and global ratings of improvement. Among @entity1 recruited online, those using the Website reported significantly: 1) lower "worst" @entity158 ; 2) lower "average" @entity158 ; and 3) increased coping self-statements, compared with controls. @entity1 recruited through the @entity158 clinic evidenced no such differences. CONCLUSIONS: An online self-management program for @entity1 with @entity615 can lead to improvements in stress, coping, and social support, and produce clinically significant differences in @entity158 , @entity308 , @entity148 , and global rates of improvement.

title: @entity615 : a self-management website for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain', 'painACTION-Back Pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['chronic back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with chronic dyspnoea may learn to fear situations that cue dyspnoea onset. Such dyspnoea-specific cues may then cause @entity148 , and worsen or trigger dyspnoea even before commencement of physical activity. We therefore developed an experimental tool to probe emotional processing of dyspnoea for use with neuroimaging in @entity1030 . The tool consists of a computerised task comprising multiple presentations of dyspnoea-related word cues with subsequent rating of dyspnoea and dyspnoea- @entity148 with a visual analogue scale. Following 3 development stages, sensitivity to clinical change was tested in 34 @entity1030 @entity1 undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation. We measured internal consistency, sensitivity to clinical change and convergence with established dyspnoea measures (including @entity17558 ). Cronbach's alpha was 0.90 for dyspnoea and 0.94 for @entity148 ratings. Ratings correlated with @entity17558 (dyspnoea: r=0.51, P=0.002; @entity148 : r=0.54, P=0.001). Reductions in @entity148 ratings following pulmonary rehabilitation correlated with reductions in @entity17558 (r=0.51, P=0.002). We conclude that the word-cue task is reliable, and is thus a potentially useful tool for neuroimaging dyspnoea research.

title: Development of a dyspnoea word cue set for studies of emotional processing in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity22 ( @entity22 ) is relatively commonly used among chiropractors. However, factual information is needed on its indications for use. OBJECTIVES: This study had two objectives: 1) to describe which role @entity1 ' past history and treatment outcome play in chiropractors' decision to use @entity22 in @entity1 with @entity1643 , 2) to investigate if the chiropractors' clinical/educational background has an effect on the frequency of using @entity22 and their indications for use of @entity22 . METHOD: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to all 413 chiropractors practising in Denmark. Its main part consisted of 3 sets of 4 questions relating to one basic case of @entity1643 . For each case, the chiropractors were asked if they would use @entity22 as they self-defined the term (no/perhaps/yes). There were questions also on gender, age, educational and clinical background, and on the number of @entity22 @entity1 seen by these chiropractors. Their decision to recommend @entity22 was reported. Associations between the demographic variables and 1) the frequency of @entity22 -use and 2) their indications for use of @entity22 were tested through multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The response rate was 72%. Non-indications for @entity22 were: 1) a good outcome combined with no previous events, or 2) a past history of @entity5752 and gradual worsening with treatment. Indications for @entity22 were a good outcome combined with a previous history of @entity1643 between once a month and once a year. The mean proportion of @entity22 @entity1 per week were 22% (SD 19), ranging from 0% to 100%. The use of @entity22 was highest among experienced chiropractors, those who were educated in North America, and clinic owners. However, in Denmark most chiropractors graduated before 1999, are educated abroad, whereas most chiropractors thereafter are educated in Denmark. Therefore, we cannot conclude whether this difference relates to education or years of experience. There were no associations detected between demographic variables and the indications for @entity22 . CONCLUSIONS: There is relatively high consensus on when @entity22 should and should not be used. A history of prior @entity1643 combined with a positive response to treatment encourages the use of @entity22 , whereas no previous @entity615 or a worsening of symptoms discourages the use of @entity22 . There seems to be a difference in the proportional use of @entity22 between chiropractors with more experience educated in North America and those with less experience educated in Denmark.

title: The Nordic maintenance care program: what are the indications for maintenance care in XXXX with @entity1643 ? A survey of the members of the Danish Chiropractors' Association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['history of back pain']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Maintenance care', 'MC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to describe the characteristics and clinical course of @entity1 who developed @entity6 associated with the use of @entity1089 .This study included @entity1 who received @entity1089 for over a month between April 2008 and November 2013, and were diagnosed as having new-onset @entity6 after initiation of @entity1089 . We excluded @entity1 who developed @entity6 more than 1 year after discontinuation of @entity1089 . We identified new-onset @entity6 by hemoglobin A1c or prescriptions of antidiabetic drugs.Among 1688 @entity1 who received @entity1089 , hemoglobin A1c had been measured in 595 (35.2%) @entity1 at least once during the observation period, and 33 (2.0%) @entity1 had received hypoglycemic drugs. Eighteen (1.1%) @entity1 were considered to have developed new-onset @entity6 associated with @entity1089 after a median of 1.6 years following initiation of @entity1089 . Median (interquartile range) age was 54.5 (29.8) years, 8 @entity1 were male, and median (interquartile range) duration of @entity1032 was 15.3 (13.8) years. Median hemoglobin A1c and body mass index (BMI) were 7.1 (1.4) % and 28.4 (7.0) kg/m, respectively. Seventeen @entity1 had @entity2299 when @entity6 was discovered. All of these discontinued @entity1089 within 3 months after the diagnosis of @entity6 , and the @entity6 in 4 @entity1 had ameliorated without hypoglycemic drugs. Of 13 @entity1 who had received either oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin, 2 @entity1 achieved well-controlled hemoglobin A1c without hypoglycemic drugs, and 10 @entity1 had hemoglobin A1c 5.0% to 7.7% with the continued use of hypoglycemic drugs.We demonstrated that almost all @entity1 who developed @entity1089 -associated @entity6 had @entity2299 and increased BMI. There was no life-threatening @entity4854 and @entity6 was ameliorated just by discontinuation of @entity1089 in several @entity1 . The monitoring of metabolic parameters during antipsychotic treatment is important to diagnose and treat @entity6 earlier.

title: Development of XXXX associated with @entity1089 : A case series.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the radiographic, cytologic and immunocytochemical features of @entity4607 ( @entity4607 ) diagnosed on @entity400 ( @entity400 ). STUDY DESIGN: Fifteen consecutive cases of PH, diagnosed on @entity400 between January 1987 and February 1993 and confirmed by surgery or follow-up, were studied. In two additional cases PH was offered as a differential diagnosis and was excluded on follow-up. Clinical notes, radiographs, cytologic smears and cell block sections stained routinely and with antibody to @entity4483 protein, as well as histologic slides, were reviewed. RESULTS: All cases of PH showed common radiographic features, including peripheral location, round or oval shape, sharp edges and size < 3 cm. Cytologic diagnosis of PH was based on recognition of mesenchymal component, characterized by fibromyxoid stroma, present in 94% of FNABs. Chondroid material was present in 75% of aspirates. In all cases of proven PH, fibromyxoid material showed @entity4483 protein positivity, characterized by finely granular, brown staining of the stellate cells. In two cases proven not to be @entity4607 , the material, suspected to be fibromyxoid or chondroid, failed to show @entity4483 protein positivity. CONCLUSION: These findings confirm the value of @entity400 in the diagnosis of PH. Immunocytochemical staining with antibody to @entity4483 protein is a useful diagnostic tool in confirming the cartilaginous nature of PH. The cytologic findings should be correlated with radiologic and clinical findings before a definitive diagnosis of PH is rendered on @entity400 material.

title: Fine needle aspiration biopsy of XXXX . Radiologic, cytologic and immunocytochemical study of 15 cases.

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'pulmonary hamartomas', 'PHs']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hamartomas']


abstract: Sixty four @entity1 who presented to the emergency department following severe acute tricyclic antidepressant ( @entity2974 ) @entity1445 (defined as an antidepressant ingestion associated with a QRS interval greater than or equal to 0.10 seconds, @entity2974 level greater than or equal to 500 ng/mL, or grade IV @entity772 ) were prospectively evaluated to determine the incidence of @entity551 and the factors associated with its development. Among these @entity1 , the mean antidepressant level was 1,094 ng/mL. The overall frequency of admission @entity551 (systolic BP less than 95 mmHg) was 34% (22 of 64 @entity1 ). Using regression analysis, systolic BP showed poor correlation with @entity2974 level (r = -.37) and maximal QRS interval (r = -.17) following severe @entity2974 @entity1445 . Using multivariate analysis with a logistic regression model, the influence of BP (as well as @entity2974 level, QRS interval, and coingestion of another drug) was evaluated on four clinical outcomes: @entity410 , @entity943 , @entity1174 , and @entity3126 . The occurrence of @entity943 and @entity3126 was significantly associated (inversely) with @entity551 (P less than .01). @entity410 and @entity1174 were unrelated to admission BP. These results suggest that @entity551 is common after severe @entity2974 @entity1445 and occurs independently of @entity2974 level and prolongation of the QRS interval. @entity551 is strongly associated with the development of @entity943 and @entity3126 . @entity410 and @entity1174 may occur regardless of initial BP.

title: XXXX in severe tricyclic antidepressant @entity1445 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotension']


abstract: Acid soils restrict plant production around the world. One of the major limitations to plant growth on acid soils is the prevalence of soluble @entity5715 ( @entity18839 ) ions which can inhibit root growth at micromolar concentrations. Species that show a natural resistance to @entity18839 @entity137 perform better on acid soils. Our understanding of the physiology of @entity18839 resistance in important crop plants has increased greatly over the past 20 years, largely due to the application of genetics and molecular biology. Fourteen genes from seven different species are known to contribute to @entity18839 tolerance and resistance and several additional candidates have been identified. Some of these genes account for genotypic variation within species and others do not. One mechanism of resistance which has now been identified in a range of species relies on the efflux of organic anions such as @entity5910 and @entity1792 from roots. The genes controlling this trait are members of the ALMT and MATE families which encode membrane proteins that facilitate organic anion efflux across the plasma membrane. Identification of these and other resistance genes provides opportunities for enhancing the @entity18839 resistance of plants by marker-assisted breeding and through biotechnology. Most attempts to enhance @entity18839 resistance in plants with genetic engineering have targeted genes that are induced by @entity18839 stress or that are likely to increase organic anion efflux. In the latter case, studies have either enhanced organic anion synthesis or increased organic anion transport across the plasma membrane. Recent developments in this area are summarized and the structure-function of the @entity18840 protein from @entity3505 is discussed.

title: The identification of XXXX -resistance genes provides opportunities for enhancing crop production on acid soils.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

answer: @entity5715 :: (CHEBI:28984,Chemical) :: ['aluminium']


abstract: @entity1 erythrocyte @entity5035 activity was measured in more than 500 subjects in Isfahan, Iran, and the percent of enzyme deficiency for males and females are reported. Some properties of the abnormal enzyme is compared with its normal counterpart. Apparent Km values of @entity3776 for the variant and normal enzymes were 37 and 101 microM, respectively. The variant enzyme was less resistant to inhibition by 40 microM @entity1110 (72% inhibition) than the normal enzyme (48% inhibition). The mode of inhibition for both enzymes was competitive with @entity1110 +. @entity855 at 1.5 mM concentration also inhibited normal and variant enzymes at 17% and 10%, respectively. The inhibition was competitive with @entity3776 . @entity2975 gel electrophores showed that normal enzyme has one major and another weak active bands, while the variant enzyme under identical conditions shows only one active band corresponding to the major band of the normal enzyme. Thermostability of variant @entity5035 was slightly lower that normal but no significant differences observed in their energy of activation. The activity pH profile of the variant enzyme was truncate.

title: A genetic variant of @entity1 erythrocyte XXXX dehydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity3776 :: (MESH:D019298,Chemical) :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central @entity158 (CPSP) is a disabling morbidity occurring in 8%-14% of @entity1 with @entity64 . It is infrequently recognized and difficult to manage. OBJECTIVE: We systematically reviewed the pathophysiology and treatment of CPSP. METHODS: We conducted a Medline search using the key words "central post- @entity64 pain," "post- @entity64 pain," "CPSP and basic studies," "CPSP and clinical features," "CPSP and pharmacological treatment," "CPSP and nonpharmacological treatment" and "CPSP and treatment guideline." The articles related to CPSP were categorized into clinical features, pathophysiology and treatment, and then systematically reviewed. RESULTS: @entity64 along the spinothalamocortical pathway may result in CPSP after a variable period, usually after 1-2 mo. CPSP may be spontaneous or evoked, variable in intensity and quality. It tends to improve with time. CPSP is associated with mild motor symptoms with relative @entity10795 . The pathophysiology of CPSP is not well understood, but central disinhibition, imbalance of stimuli and central sensitization have been suggested. There are few class I and class II studies regarding its management. @entity3659 and @entity2812 (class IIB) are recommended as first-line and @entity2683 , @entity3755 and @entity2682 as second-line drugs. In pharmacoresistant @entity1 , repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation have been beneficial. CONCLUSIONS: CPSP @entity1 present with diverse sensory symptoms and its pathophysiology is still poorly understood. @entity3659 and @entity2812 are effective treatments. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology and investigate newer therapeutic modalities.

title: Central XXXX : a review of pathophysiology and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['Amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity10795 :: ('MESH:D053421', 'Disease') :: ['sparing of joint position and vibration sensations']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['poststroke pain']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['poststroke pain']


abstract: We herein report on an 18-year-old Taiwanese @entity1 who developed acute onset of generalized continuous contractions of the muscles. The involuntary cramps caused a @entity3520 and limbs. Opisthotonos was noted when the cramps were exacerbated. The cramps were @entity158 and sensitive to movement, so the @entity1 limited movement of his body. External stimulation, such as a pin prick or a loud noise, would aggravate them. The contractions of the muscles persisted during sleep. No other @entity16 were noted. Electromyography showed spontaneous continuous muscle fiber activity. The symptoms did not respond to @entity1772 or @entity3175 ; however, remarkable improvement was noted after giving @entity3174 . The clinical presentation, electromyographic findings, and the @entity1 's beneficial response to @entity3174 fulfilled the diagnostic characteristics of @entity12296 .

title: Case of XXXX successfully treated with @entity3174 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic posture of the neck']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12296 :: ('MESH:D020386', 'Disease') :: ['Isaacs syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity12296 :: (MESH:D020386,Disease) :: ['Isaacs syndrome']