abstract: @entity1 with @entity6447 often show swing of the upper arms or the elbows in forearm pronation-supination test (FPS test). Eleven healthy volunteers and sixteen @entity1 with @entity6447 were examined. We observed FPS test of the subject with their shoulder and elbow joints being flexed at a right angle respectively in sitting position, and recorded them by VTR. We noticed following four points in FPS movement: 1) velocity and regularity, 2) amplitude, 3) finger posture, 4) state of elbow fixation. We recorded surface EMG of the upper arm-fixing muscles (deltoid, pectoralis major, infraspinatus) and the forearm-moving muscles (biceps brachii, pronator teres). In controls, FPS movements were regular and speedy. The upper arm was so well fixed that the elbow did not swing. Continuous discharges were recorded from upper arm-fixing muscles when the upper arm was lifting. Reciprocal grouping discharges were recorded during FPS movements from upper arm-fixing muscles so that they were suppressing the swing of the elbow. In @entity2055 @entity1 , FPS movements were dysrhythmic and slow. The elbow swung during FPS test. We observed internal rotation and abduction of the shoulder when forearm pronated, and outer rotation and adduction of the shoulder when forearm supinated. Reciprocal grouping discharges that were reverse of normal ones were recorded from upper arm-fixing muscles so that they were aggravating the swing of the elbow. Synergia is an ability to accomplish the various muscle contractions coordinately when making up a certain action. Asynergia is one of the characteristic features of disturbance of the association of muscle contractions of the upper arm and the forearm. FPS test is easy and useful to detect asynergia of the upper extremity in @entity6447 .

title: [Asynergia in XXXX --the significance of impairment of elbow fixation in forearm pronation-supination test].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

answer: @entity6447 :: (MESH:D002524,Disease) :: ['cerebellar ataxia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity can result in serious complications, including @entity22871 ( @entity22871 ). @entity22871 @entity1 may present with acute-on-chronic @entity177 , necessitating acute care management. The purpose of this review is to discuss the recent literature on acute @entity177 in @entity22871 @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: @entity28 @entity1 can develop acute @entity1576 and @entity25 due to disorders in lung mechanics, ventilatory drive, and neurohormonal and neuromodulators of breathing. Although there are no clearly defined predictors for @entity22871 @entity1 who are likely to develop acute @entity1576 , most such @entity1 are middle-aged (mid-50s), morbidly @entity28 , and have daytime @entity2944 , @entity519 , and low serum pH values. Immediate ventilatory support, without sleep study confirmation, is necessary in most such @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity1576 (pH <7.30) or altered mental status may require intensive care unit monitoring. Noninvasive application of bilevel positive airway pressure therapy is the recommended initial ventilatory support under close monitoring. Prompt initiation of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and rapidly improves the levels of blood gases. SUMMARY: @entity28 @entity1 with @entity25 have an increased risk of acute @entity1576 . Early diagnosis and implementation of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation is recommended for these @entity1 .

title: Acute @entity177 complicating XXXX : update on a 'critical care syndrome'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'Obese']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity22871 :: ('MESH:D010845', 'Disease') :: ['OHS', 'obesity hypoventilation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory failure']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnic respiratory failure', 'respiratory acidemia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep hypoventilation']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity hypoventilation']


abstract: The management of pregnant @entity1 with active @entity978 (H.D.) should be individualized depending on the stage, the presence of infradiaphragmatic involvement, and age of gestation. Seventeen @entity1 aged 16-31 years with coexisting H.D. and pregnancy were followed between 1969 and 1982. H.D. was diagnosed during pregnancy in 15 @entity1 and two became pregnant while on treatment. Seven @entity1 whose pregnancies were allowed to proceed uninterrupted were irradiated to supradiaphragmatic sites to doses of 1,500-2,000 rad during the second or third trimester; all had full term spontaneous normal deliveries and normal @entity1 . Fetal doses ranged from 2-50 rad. Two @entity1 treated with @entity5713 throughout three pregnancies delivered normal full term @entity1 . Pregnancy was interrupted in six @entity1 at 6-20 weeks of gestation for various reasons. In spite of several months delay in initiation of definitive therapy, the outcome of H.D. was not adversely affected in the majority of uninterrupted pregnancies as evidenced by long term disease-free survivals of 6-11 years in four of seven @entity1 who were irradiated; the @entity1 now aged 6-11 years are also alive and reported normal.

title: Management of coexisting XXXX and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinblastine']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: Recruitment of monocytes to inflammatory sites involves a series of sequential attachments and detachments to extracellular matrix proteins in response to a chemoattractant gradient. In this study we compared the migration of @entity1 peripheral blood monocytes on different extracellular matrix proteins in response to @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) and @entity5037 . Monocytes migrated more effectively on laminin compared with other extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast, this preference was not observed with neutrophils, suggesting that the monocytes and neutrophils may have differences in their migration on extracellular matrix proteins. To study this further, function-blocking monoclonal antibodies were used to examine mechanistically whether @entity10712 -integrins were involved in monocyte migration on fibronectin or laminin in response to @entity2842 . Monocyte migration on both laminin and fibronectin was blocked 100% (P < 0.05) by intact monoclonal antibody, F(ab') fragments, and F(ab')2 fragments to @entity2263 -integrins. We also determined that antibodies to @entity2263 -integrins block monocyte migration that has already been initiated. In contrast, antibody to the @entity8652 -integrins inhibited monocyte migration by approximately 40% (P < 0.05). Thus monocytes that express both @entity10712 -integrins require utilization of @entity2263 -integrins in migration on extracellular matrix proteins. The results also suggest that @entity8652 -integrins facilitate monocyte migration but that monocyte migration is not absolutely dependent on the interaction of @entity8652 -integrins with extracellular matrix proteins. In contrast, neutrophil migration is @entity2263 -integrin dependent and is not facilitated by @entity8652 -integrins.

title: @entity2842 -stimulated monocytes preferentially utilize XXXX -integrins to migrate on laminin and fibronectin.

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

answer: @entity2263 :: (10242,Gene) :: ['beta 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated long-term results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for @entity731 involving descending aorta. METHODS: One hundred thirteen @entity1 underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair for this indication from 1996 to 2009. Mean follow-up was 54    38 months (5-144 months). In-hospital mortality, @entity16 , need for rerouting, occurrence of @entity1070 and their treatment, and survival were recorded. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 5.3%. Transient @entity16 rate was 2.6%. Previous rerouting was performed in 51%. Assisted early and late type I and III endoleak rates were 7.9% and 5.7%, respectively. Five percent of @entity1 required late surgical conversion. Actuarial survivals were 86%, 60%, and 42% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Aorta-related actuarial survivals were 94%, 90%, and 83% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed higher number of prostheses as independent risk factor for early (hazard ratio, 5.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.68-42.37) and late (hazard ratio, 8.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-66.06) endoleak formation. Female sex (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.99), no arch involvement (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.08), and higher number of prostheses (hazard ratio, 7.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.36-46.58) affected survival. CONCLUSIONS: Aorta-related survival is excellent among @entity1 undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair for @entity731 involving the descending aorta. Life-long surveillance remains mandatory, with early and late failure uncommon but still needing consideration. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair in this group of @entity1 remains attractive and has now proven durability.

title: Long-term results of thoracic endovascular aortic repair in XXXX involving the descending aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nuclear factor of activated T cells ( @entity9888 ) family of transcription factors plays a key role in rapidly inducing @entity3646 gene expression in effector T cells. OBJECTIVE: Because @entity1 basophils secrete high levels of @entity3646 , we have examined whether specific @entity9888 species are expressed in these cells and whether @entity220 -mediated activation affects their subcellular localization and transcriptional function. METHODS: Intracellular @entity9888 protein was identified by using 2-color flow cytometry; gene expression was done with RT-PCR. Subcellular localization of @entity9888 was assessed by means of Western blotting. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays assessed @entity9888 involvement in @entity3646 transcription. RESULTS: Basophils constitutively expressed high levels of @entity9889 . In contrast, @entity9888 ( @entity9888 ), which is found in most leukocytes, was not seen in basophils. Low-level staining for @entity9890 was detected but was variably expressed among donor cells. Likewise, @entity9889 mRNA was constitutively expressed in basophils, and message for @entity9890 was seen in 3 of 5 preparations, whereas that for @entity9888 was found in only 1 of 5 preparations. @entity9889 protein accumulated in the nuclei of basophils activated for 1 hour with anti-IgE, and this was inhibited with the addition of @entity1140 . A protein-DNA complex was formed with nuclear lysates from basophils and an @entity3646 promoter @entity9888 consensus probe, with greater binding intensities detected in lysates of activated cells. An antibody to @entity9889 reduced the formation of the complex, whereas no effects were seen with antibodies to @entity9888 , @entity9890 , or unrelated transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS: The selective and specific expression of @entity9889 in basophils is unique among leukocytes. This transcription factor also appears to play a critical role in the @entity220 -mediated production of @entity3646 in these cells.

title: Selective expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2/c1 in XXXX basophils: evidence for involvement in IgE-mediated @entity3646 generation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An enzymatic procedure was used to obtain ventricular cells from adult @entity35 and @entity840 hearts. Isolated pairs of cells were selected to study the action potential transfer from cell to cell and determine the resistance of the nexal membrane, rn. For this purpose, each cell of a cell pair was connected to a patch pipette so as to enable whole-cell, tight-seal recording. Normal impulse transmission was observed when rn ranged from 5-265 @entity4780 . In these cases, the action potential in both cells occurred virtually simultaneously. An occasional failure in action potential transfer was seen in cell pairs whose rn had increased to 155-375 @entity4780 . In these cases, the impulse transfer across the nexal membrane occurred with considerable delay. Impulse transfer was completely blocked once rn was larger than 780 @entity4780 . Assuming a single connexon conductance of 100 pS, this would mean that more than 13 connexons are necessary to allow impulse transfer from cell to cell. Two single myocytes, gently pushed together, neither showed electrotonic interaction nor impulse transfer, thus rendering unlikely the possibility of an ephaptic signal transmission.

title: Action potential transfer in cell pairs isolated from adult XXXX and @entity840 ventricles.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare, by continuous infusion of @entity3652 or @entity8998 combined to @entity9874 and @entity4783 , @entity3652 and @entity1363 , the degree of hypnosis, myorelaxation, anesthetic quality and surgical feasibility through evaluation of possible parametric alterations and recovery quality. METHODS: 20 healthy adult females @entity235 , aged 3 to 5 years, body weight between 7 and 15 kg, were assigned randomly and homogenously to 2 groups of 10 animals each (n=10), group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2), respectively. Animals of G1 were subjected to a pre-treatment with intravenous 1.0 mg/kg @entity9874 and or 3  /kg. After 15 minutes, a 5.0 mg/kg @entity3652 and 0.2 mg/kg @entity1363 were intravenously injected. Immediately after induction, an anesthetic combination of 0.4 mg/kg/h @entity1363 , 20 mg/kg/h @entity3652 and 1.0 mg/kg/h @entity4763 , was continuously and intravenously administered for 30 minutes. The same techniques were used in G2 except for the substitution of @entity4763 for 30  g/kg/h @entity8998 . RESULTS: In G1 there was a 1st and 2nd degree @entity616 , a longer recovery period and lower quality. In G2 a 1st degree @entity616 occurred but isolated and ephemeral. CONCLUSIONS: The continuous infusion method, besides reducing drugs utilization, prevented collateral effects allowing a more tranquil recovery with no excitations, both protocols permitted the surgical procedure (ovary-hysterectomy) bringing about a reduction in hypnosis and an accentuated myorelaxation. @entity4763 and @entity8998 showed a similar pharmacodynamic behavior but with different clinical aspects. The electrocardiographic alterations observed in G2 and in a lower degree in G1 must be well studied. Describers: @entity235 , @entity3652 , @entity9874 , @entity8998 , @entity1363 and @entity4763 .

title: Continuous infusion in adult females @entity235 submitted to ovariohysterectomy with @entity1363 - @entity4763 and/or XXXX pre-treated with @entity9874 and @entity4783 .

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity9874 :: ('MESH:D008728', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrimeprazine']

entities_list: @entity8998 :: ('MESH:D020926', 'Chemical') :: ['medetomidine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular heart block']

answer: @entity8998 :: (MESH:D020926,Chemical) :: ['medetomidine']


abstract: Enterotoxigenic @entity526 (ETEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. ETEC-mediated @entity294 is orchestrated by heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxins (STp and STh), acting in concert with a repertoire of more than 25 colonization factors (CFs). LT, the major virulence factor, induces fluid secretion after delivery of a monomeric @entity857 -ribosylase (LTA) and its pentameric carrier B subunit (LTB). A study of ETEC isolates from @entity1 in Brazil reported the existence of natural LT variants. In the present study, analysis of predicted @entity535 sequences showed that the LT @entity535 polymorphisms are associated with a geographically and temporally diverse set of 192 clinical ETEC strains and identified 12 novel LT variants. Twenty distinct LT @entity535 variants were observed in the globally distributed strains, and phylogenetic analysis showed these to be associated with different CF profiles. Notably, the most prevalent LT1 allele variants were correlated with major ETEC lineages expressing CS1 + CS3 or CS2 + @entity15840 , and the most prevalent LT2 allele variants were correlated with major ETEC lineages expressing CS5 + CS6 or @entity3795 /I. LTB allele variants generally exhibited more-stringent @entity535 sequence conservation (2 substitutions identified) than LTA allele variants (22 substitutions identified). The functional impact of LT1 and LT2 polymorphisms on virulence was investigated by measuring total-toxin production, secretion, and stability using GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (GM1-ELISA) and in silico protein modeling. Our data show that LT2 strains produce 5-fold more toxin than LT1 strains (P < 0.001), which may suggest greater virulence potential for this genetic variant. Our data suggest that functionally distinct LT-CF variants with increased @entity410 have persisted during the evolution of ETEC and have spread globally.

title: Allele Variants of Enterotoxigenic XXXX Heat-Labile Toxin Are Globally Transmitted and Associated with Colonization Factors.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Benign @entity99 in @entity1 include lesions that are unique to the pediatric age group and others that are more common in adults. @entity8146 , or infantile @entity99 , is a @entity5 that may cause serious clinical complications. It is composed of vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. At imaging, large feeding arteries and draining veins and early, intense, peripheral nodular enhancement with centripetal filling on delayed images are characteristic features. Mesenchymal @entity96 occurs in young @entity1 and is characterized pathologically by mesenchymal proliferation with fluid-containing cysts of varying size and number. The mesenchymal component or cystic component may predominate; this predominance determines the imaging appearance of the @entity5 . @entity5 that are common in adults may infrequently occur in childhood. These include @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ), hepatocellular @entity652 , and @entity4383 . All are composed of @entity5072 hepatocytes similar to surrounding liver parenchyma and may be difficult to discern at imaging. Preferential hepatic arterial phase enhancement helps distinguish @entity4383 and @entity6594 from uninvolved liver. @entity6594 often has intracellular fat and a propensity for intratumoral hemorrhage, neither of which are seen in @entity4383 . Unlike @entity652 , @entity4383 often contains enough Kupffer cells to show uptake at @entity599 colloid scintigraphy. Nodular regenerative @entity1373 is often associated with @entity101 , which may be evident at imaging. Knowledge of how the pathologic features of these @entity5 affect their imaging appearances helps radiologists offer an appropriate differential diagnosis and management plan.

title: From the archives of the AFIP: Pediatric liver masses: radiologic-pathologic correlation part 1. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['hamartoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign vascular tumor', 'Benign epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile hemangioendothelioma']

entities_list: @entity6594 :: ('MESH:C564190', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic adenoma', 'Hepatic adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'nodular regenerative hyperplasia', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors', 'hepatic hemangioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Benign tumors']


abstract: We have pursued our analysis of a @entity320 @entity1 who showed almost complete @entity5 regression following vaccination with @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens. We previously described high frequencies of @entity5 -specific CTL precursors in blood samples collected after but also before vaccination. A set of CTL clones were derived that recognized antigens different from those of the vaccine. Two of these antigens were peptides encoded by another MAGE gene, @entity6473 . Here we describe the antigen recognized by another @entity5 -specific CTL clone. It proved to be a third antigenic peptide encoded by gene @entity6473 , ASSTLYLVF. It is presented by HLA-B57 molecules and proteasome-dependent. @entity5 cells exposed to @entity379 ( @entity379 ) were better recognized by the anti- @entity6473 (42-50) CTL clone. This mainly resulted from a better processing of the peptide by the immunoproteasome as compared to the standard proteasome. Mass spectrometric analyses showed that the latter destroyed the antigenic peptide by cleaving between two internal hydrophobic residues. Despite its higher "chymotryptic-like" (posthydrophobic) activity, the immunoproteasome did not cleave at this position, in line with the suggestion that hydrophobic residues immediately downstream from a cleavage site impair cleavage by the immunoproteasome. We previously reported that one of the other @entity6473 peptides recognized by CTL from this @entity1 was also better processed by the immunoproteasome. Together, these results support the notion that the @entity5 regression of this @entity1 was mediated by an antitumor response shaped by @entity379 and dominated by CTL directed against peptides that are better produced by the immunoproteasome, such as the @entity6473 peptides.

title: A @entity6473 antigenic peptide processed by the immunoproteasome is recognized by cytolytic T cells isolated from a XXXX @entity1 after successful immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-y', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: Neurogenesis of the locus coeruleus (LC), substantia nigra (SN) and @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ) was analyzed in autoradiograms prepared from postnatal @entity2608 that had been exposed to a pulse of @entity665 on selected embryonic (E) days of the 165-day gestational period. Heavily labeled @entity1154 (MA) neurons were present only in monkeys exposed to the isotope between E27 and E36 with the peak around E30-E33. The majority of neurons generated on E30 eventually become situated in the medial part of the LC, whereas most cells of the lateral portion are generated on E32 and E33, indicating the existence of a mediolateral spatiotemporal gradient. Proliferation of neurons destined for the compact portion of the LC peaks around E32, whereas production of subcoeruleus cells proceeds more evenly throughout the E30-E33 period. SN neurons are generated between E36 and E43, with peak labeling around E38-E40, and no appreciable spatiotemporal gradients. Neurons of the ventral tegmental area are also generated between E38 and E43. Neurogenesis of the @entity6415 occurs between E28 and E43 with only a moderate rostrocaudal spatiotemporal gradient. Neurons of raphe dorsalis and centralis superior undergo final mitosis between E28 and E35, with the peak on E30, whereas cells of raphe magnus, pontis, obscurus and pallidus are produced between E35 and E43, with the peak between E38 and E40. In general, MA neurons that project to different targets may be produced simultaneously within each nucleus irrespective of any spatiotemporal gradients. Examination of another series of fetuses sacrificed at various short intervals after exposure to @entity665 revealed that all MA neurons arise in the ventricular zone with each MA nucleus being generated at a specific level of the brain stem. Postmitotic MA cells migrate to their final location along specific pathways, and settle in patterns corresponding to the sequence of their genesis. Morphometric analysis indicated that after reaching their final destinations, the somas and nuclei of all MA neurons grow according to the same tempo and sequence irrespective of the developmental schedules of their synaptic targets.

title: The time of genesis, embryonic origin and differentiation of the brain stem XXXX neurons in the @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['raphe nuclei', 'RN']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: It is well known that maternal nutritional status is important to the development of @entity1 offspring. We examined the effect of maternal food restriction during lactation on offspring in @entity19 . From 1 to 21 days after parturition, control dams (CDs) were fed with the standard amounts of daily food consumption, whereas dietary restricted dams (RDs) received 70% of daily food consumption. Although the mean body weight of RDs was not significantly different from that of the CDs, body weight of the offspring from RD (RD offspring) was significantly lower than that of the offspring from @entity1050 ( @entity1050 offspring). The difference was detectable until 10 weeks of age. Body lengths and brain weights of RD offspring at postnatal day 22 were lower than those of the @entity1050 offspring. Plasma concentrations of leptin in RD offspring decreased significantly. But plasma concentrations of @entity7318 and thyroxin were not different between the two groups. In the open field tests, total distance was significantly decreased in RD offspring compared with @entity1050 offspring. In the hole-board test, head dip latency was increased and the number of dips was decreased significantly in RD offspring. In the elevated plus maze test, total distance and risk assessment were significantly decreased in the RD offspring. There was no difference between the two groups in the rota-rod and wire-hang tests. These results suggest that maternal dietary restriction during lactation can affect the growth, locomotor activity and @entity148 behavior of offspring, but not motor or neuromuscular function.

title: Maternal dietary restriction during lactation influences postnatal growth and behavior in the offspring of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the long-term changes of the axial length in adults with @entity1714 . DESIGN: Open-label, consecutive, retrospective case series. METHODS: The medical records of 101 @entity1 (184 eyes) with @entity1714 ( @entity1714 >= -6 diopters or axial length >= 26.5 mm) were studied. The axial length of the eye was measured by A-scan ultrasonography. The significance of the changes in the axial length during follow-up was determined. The effects of the age, axial length, and the presence of a @entity1716 at the initial examination on the axial length elongation were determined. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 8.2 years. The median axial length increased significantly from 28.6 mm at the initial examination to 29.4 mm at the final examination in the 184 eyes. The axial length remained stable ( <=1-mm difference) in 69%, whereas the axial length increased by more than 1 mm in 31% of the eyes. For these 31%, the median axial length increased by 1.55 mm. An increase of the axial length per year was significantly greater in older @entity1 than their younger cohorts, and the increase in eyes with a @entity1716 was significantly greater than in eyes without a @entity1716 . Multiple regression analyses showed that the axial length elongation was positively and significantly correlated with @entity1 age at the initial examination. CONCLUSIONS: In highly myopic adult @entity1 , the axial length continued to increase. Older individuals with @entity1716 were more susceptible to having a larger increase in the axial length. A progression of @entity1716 with increasing age is considered a key factor for the continuous increase of axial length in adults with @entity1714 .

title: Long-term changes in axial length in adult eyes with pathologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1716 :: ('MESH:C536352', 'Disease') :: ['staphyloma', 'posterior staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the histopathological changes of a novel small-caliber vascular graft after implantation in @entity235 theca interna under scanning electron microscope. METHOD: A 3 cm segment of the vascular graft (diameter of 4 mm) was implanted in an end-to-end fashion to bridge the severed carotid artery in 19 healthy @entity235 . Color Doppler sonography was performed 2 weeks after the operation to observe the patency rate of artificial blood vessel. At 1, 8, 12 and 24 week postimplantation, the arteries (4, 4, 6 and 5, respectively) were collected for optical and scanning electron microscopies after angiography to observe the patency of the arteries. RESULTS: Of the total of 19 arteries, occlusion occurred in 1 at 12 weeks and 1 at 24 weeks. Optical and electron microscopies showed that 1 week after implantation, slight fibroplasias and formation of red @entity715 could be seen at the vascular @entity254 without endothelial cell lining. At 8 weeks, the host tissue grew into the lumen of the graft through the pores to form uniform @entity8233 consisting of plenty of collagen fibers, but still without endothelial cells. At 12 weeks, discontinuous endothelial cells were seen to grow on the surface of the @entity8233 . In the middle segment of the vascular graft, immature endothelial cells were found to grow in clusters. The structure of the @entity8233 was loose in comparison with that at the @entity254 , with occasional @entity32 cells. Twenty-four weeks after grafting, endothelial cells grew over the entire inner wall of the patent graft, and the surface of the @entity8233 at the @entity254 was lined with continuous endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: The vascular graft can be useful for reconstruction of @entity235 carotid artery defect and achieves good endothelialization 24 weeks after implantation.

title: [Optical and scanning electron microscopic observation of a novel small-caliber vascular graft in XXXX models].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: @entity2241 is a well-known correlate of accelerated fetal growth; the consequences of fetal @entity3190 upon fetal and neonatal glucoregulation are less well understood. We injected @entity35 fetuses of a litter on day 18 of gestation with either 5 units of long acting insulin (I) or 154 mmol/L @entity1219 . Twelve hours after injection, the wet and dry mass of total body and liver of I fetuses significantly exceeded that of controls. At birth (day 21.5), newborn I pups weighed 5.86 +/- .08 g, and controls, 5.48 +/- .05 g, (P less than .001). On day 18, within one hour of injection, fetal plasma insulin concentrations were significantly elevated and remained so for 24 hours. Mothers of I fetuses had significant elevations of plasma insulin at 1, 3, and 6 hours, and they developed transient @entity4053 . Plasma @entity413 concentrations in I fetuses were significantly diminished at 1, 3, and 6 hours and then achieved control levels by 12 hours. @entity2241 resulted from an apparent direct effect of insulin upon fetal tissue and from the maternal @entity4053 . Hypoglycemic I fetuses demonstrated a sluggish alpha-cell response; they failed to increase plasma glucagon one hour after insulin injection. Values were significantly increased three hours after injection. At birth, I pups became hypoglycemic relative to controls. This was, in part, due to their significantly elevated plasma insulin concentrations at 120 and 240 minutes (120 minutes, 43.8 +/- 8 v 17.5 +/- 6 microU/mL, P less than .001). Plasma glucagon was significantly increased in I pups at 240 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin injection in the fetal XXXX : accelerated intrauterine growth and altered fetal and neonatal @entity413 homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal hypoglycemia', 'Fetal hyperinsulinemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acquired @entity1545 (ABI) can result in impairments in motor function, language, cognition, sensory processing and @entity132 . This may severely reduce a survivor's quality of life. Music therapy has been used in rehabilitation to stimulate brain functions involved in movement, cognition, speech, emotions and sensory perceptions. A systematic review is needed to gauge the efficacy of music therapy as a rehabilitation intervention for @entity1 with ABI. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of music therapy with standard care versus standard care alone or standard care combined with other therapies on gait, upper extremity function, communication, mood and emotions, social skills, @entity158 , behavioral outcomes, activities of daily living and adverse events. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity64 Group Trials Register (February 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2009), MEDLINE (July 2009), EMBASE (August 2009), CINAHL (March 2010), PsycINFO (July 2009), LILACS (August 2009), AMED (August 2009) and Science Citation Index (August 2009). We handsearched music therapy journals and conference proceedings, searched dissertation and specialist music databases, trials and research registers, reference lists, and contacted experts and music therapy associations. There was no language restriction. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials that compared music therapy interventions and standard care with standard care alone or combined with other therapies for @entity1 older than 16 years of age who had acquired @entity75 of a non-degenerative nature and were participating in treatment programs offered in hospital, outpatient or community settings. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed methodological quality and extracted data. We present results using mean differences (using post-test scores) as all outcomes were measured with the same scale. MAIN RESULTS: We included seven studies (184 @entity1 ). The results suggest that rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) may be beneficial for improving gait parameters in @entity64 @entity1 , including gait velocity, cadence, stride length and gait symmetry. These results were based on two studies that received a low risk of bias score. There were insufficient data to examine the effect of music therapy on other outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: RAS may be beneficial for gait improvement in @entity1 with @entity64 . These results are encouraging, but more RCTs are needed before recommendations can be made for clinical practice. More research is needed to examine the effects of music therapy on other outcomes in @entity1 with ABI.

title: Music therapy for acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['emotional disturbances']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-institution data suggest that treatment with radiation and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) may be an appropriate alternative to mastectomy for T0N+ @entity0 . Population-based multi-institutional data supporting this approach are lacking. METHODS: The cause-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of @entity1 with T0N+M0 ductal, lobular, or mixed @entity0 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1983 to 2006 were analyzed. Groups were defined as: 1) no @entity1600 , mastectomy, or @entity138 (observation); 2) @entity1600 only; 3) mastectomy plus @entity1600 with or without postmastectomy radiation (Mast); and 4) breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with @entity1600 and radiation (BCT). RESULTS: In total, 750 of 770,030 @entity1 with @entity0 had T0N+M0 disease (incidence, 0.10%), and 596 of those @entity1 underwent @entity1600 (79.5%). @entity1 who underwent Mast or BCT (n = 470) had a 10-year OS rate of 64.9% compared with 58.5% for @entity1 who underwent @entity1600 only (n = 126; P = .02) and 47.5% for @entity1 who underwent observation only (n = 94; P = .04). The 10-year CSS rate was 75.7% for @entity1 who underwent BCT versus 73.9% for @entity1 who underwent Mast (P = .55). In multivariate analysis of CSS for @entity1 who underwent Mast or BCT, the following factors were correlated with an unfavorable outcome: positive @entity172 receptor status (hazard ratio [HR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.96; P = .04), >/=10 positive lymph nodes (HR, 5.7; 95%CI, 2.4-13.4; P </= .01), and <10 resected lymph nodes (HR, 42.9; 95%CI, 1.2-7.1; P = .02). Mast did not improve CSS compared with BCT (HR, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.57-2.1; P = .79). CONCLUSIONS: Definitive locoregional treatment with either Mast or BCT improved the outcome of @entity1 with T0N+ @entity0 , and no difference in survival was observed between the treatments. @entity5 2010. (c) 2010 American @entity5 Society.

title: Population-based analysis of occult primary @entity0 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node dissection', 'ALND']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['axillary lymph node metastasis']


abstract: A prospective cohort study on 8124 schoolchildren aged 8 to 16 was conducted during the years 1977, 1979 and 1985 in Mannheim and two regions near Freiburg (Breisgau and the Black Forest). The objective of this part of the analysis was to investigate the regional differences in respiratory symptoms due to air pollution. Results are presented of 5726 @entity1 who had been living in those regions for at least five years at the times of interview. We have analysed 11 respiratory symptoms and two scores, measuring the tendency to infectious and @entity66 , by logistic regression. Comparing the @entity1 living 1977 in Mannheim or the Breisgau to those living in the Black Forest the Relative Risks (Odds Ratios) of respiratory symptoms are in the range of 1.26-1.85 and 1.21-1.96 respectively. The results for the year 1979 are similar. In 1985 the regional effect has become smaller and no difference can be observed between Breisgau and the Black Forest. The infect score comprises @entity3617 , inflamed throat with @entity221 and @entity1244 . The Relative Risk of an increased score decreases from 1.67 in 1977 to 1.65 in 1979 and 1.35 in 1985 in Mannheim and from 1.40 to 1.28 and 1.05 respectively in the Breisgau. The results of @entity565 and @entity565 symptoms are not homogeneous. In the Breisgau 1977 and 1979 the Relative Risk of an increased @entity565 score is slightly higher compared to the Black Forest. Allergies of the skin are reported more often in Mannheim than in the other areas. The Relative Risks of @entity11127 agree spatially and temporarily well with the pattern of @entity9734 concentration. @entity9734 may be interpreted as an indicator for air pollution by power plants, industry and domestic heating.

title: [Cohort study of XXXX and lung function in school @entity1 in southwest Germany. 2. Regional influences on @entity11127 in Mannheim and the Freiburg area].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['infectious respiratory symptoms and diseases']

answer: @entity11127 :: (MESH:D012140,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract diseases']


abstract: A study was performed to determine whether the addition of @entity4181 to a combination of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and @entity205 (CsA) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) could improve tolerance to the regimen without inhibiting its ability to prevent @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Sixty-nine adult BMT @entity1 received CsA plus @entity1500 15 mg/m2 on day 1 and 10 mg/m2 on days +3, +6 and +11. @entity4181 5 mg was started 24 h after each @entity1500 dose and continued 6 hourly until 12 h before the next dose of @entity1500 . The median age of the group was 37 years and 13 @entity1 (19%) received bone marrow from mismatched and/or unrelated donors. No @entity1500 doses were omitted or modified. Grade II-IV acute @entity2132 occurred in 18 @entity1 (29%) and chronic @entity2132 in 35 of 56 (64%) @entity1 at risk. There were no cases of grade > or = III @entity3136 . Transplant-related mortality was 7% before 100 days and 20% overall (9% for @entity1778 ) with a median follow-up of 41 months (range 24-88 months). This regimen of @entity4181 rescue may contribute to a well tolerated @entity2132 prophylaxis protocol with reasonably low BMT-related mortality. Our results suggest that the ability of @entity1500 to prevent acute @entity2132 is not abrogated by @entity4181 given in this way.

title: Addition of low-dose @entity4181 to a XXXX / @entity205 regimen for prevention of @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Folinic acid', 'folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['low risk leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mixed evidence exists regarding whether @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 show increased somatic @entity158 perception compared with controls. The current study used a deep, tonic somatic @entity158 stimulus ( @entity158 ) to evaluate somatic @entity56 in @entity1744 @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 27 @entity294 -predominant and 15 @entity1142 -predominant @entity1744 @entity1 , and 29 controls participated in the study. The modified submaximal effort tourniquet procedure was performed to induce @entity158 , and the time required to reach @entity158 threshold and @entity158 tolerance were recorded in seconds. All subjects completed the Functional Bowel Disease Severity Index (FBDSI) scale as well as several psychosocial instruments. Group differences for threshold and tolerance were determined using a series of one-way anova tests followed by Tukey comparisons. RESULTS: @entity1744 @entity1 had a shorter time to ischemic threshold (F = 34.606, P < 0.001) and tolerance (F = 38.656, P < 0.001) compared with controls; however, the groups did not differ on ratings of @entity158 at the time of tolerance. @entity1744 @entity1 had a higher rating on the FBDSI scale compared with controls (P < 0.001), and @entity158 threshold was negatively correlated with the FBDSI score. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that a widespread alteration in central @entity158 processing in @entity1744 @entity1 may be present as they display @entity56 to @entity158 , and @entity158 threshold was associated with clinical symptoms. These findings could reflect a dysfunction in @entity158 systems in @entity1744 @entity1 , as @entity158 may be under tonic inhibitory control.

title: Ischemic XXXX in @entity1744 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pain', 'inhibitory pain', 'pain', 'ischemic arm pain', 'ischemic (deep) pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 having a diagnosis of H  rthle cell @entity5 ( @entity1544 ) on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of a thyroid nodule have a diagnostic thyroid lobectomy to make the final diagnosis. If the nodule is malignant, they require a completion thyroidectomy. The objective of this study was to devise a simple clinical scheme capable of predicting @entity5 in @entity1 with cytologic diagnosis of @entity1544 and, therefore, guide the extent of initial thyroid surgery. METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 who underwent thyroid surgery after an FNA diagnosis of @entity1544 were retrospectively studied. The @entity1 were examined for clinical features, preoperative imaging studies, and pathology reports. The risk of @entity5 was calculated using a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: The overall rate of @entity5 in @entity1 with @entity1544 was 46% (26/57). The predictors of @entity5 based on multiple logistic regression analysis were @entity5 size >1.5 cm (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]   = 8.0 [1.9-33.4]) and @entity1 age >45 years (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]   = 2.3 [0.6-8.6]). In @entity1 with nodules larger than 1.5 cm, the predicted probability of @entity5 was greater in @entity1 over 45 years than in younger @entity1 (65% for >45 years vs. 44% for  <=45 years). In @entity1 with a nodule 1.5 cm or less, the probability of @entity5 was relatively low and not significantly different between the two age categories (18% for >45 years vs. 10% for  <=45 years). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity5 size and age can be integrated into decision making for @entity1 with an FNA diagnosis of @entity1544 to facilitate @entity1 selection for surgical referral and, particularly, to determine in which @entity1 a thyroidectomy rather than a lobectomy should be the initial surgery.

title: @entity5 size and age predict the risk of XXXX in H  rthle cell @entity5 of the thyroid and can therefore guide the extent of initial thyroid surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence of @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) and the effect of treatment on @entity174 risk. METHODS: We compared the incidence and risk of @entity174 before and after diagnosis between a cohort of 265 @entity1 who had been diagnosed with @entity1593 at least 5 years before study entry and a cohort of 530 age- and sex-matched controls who had been diagnosed with functional @entity344 . Data were collected through in- @entity1 interviews with an investigator. The overall assessment window for @entity1 was 9843 @entity1 -years (2815 @entity1 -years after diagnosis). RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the @entity1593 cohort showed significantly higher incidence rate and risk of first peripheral @entity174 before diagnosis [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.78, 95% CI: 1.23-2.56, P < 0.002] and in @entity1 (HR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.37-5.22, P < 0.004). @entity174 risk was significantly associated with the classic @entity1593 presentation with @entity344 (P < 0.003). In the time period after diagnosis, the risk of @entity174 was comparable between the @entity1593 cohort and controls in both sexes (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.55-2.10 for @entity1 ; HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.57-4.26 for @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: @entity1593 @entity1 have higher prevalence of @entity174 in the peripheral skeleton before diagnosis. This is associated with male sex and classic clinical presentation. The @entity174 risk was reduced after the treatment.

title: Risk of @entity174 in XXXX : gender, dietary compliance, or both?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'peripheral fractures', 'Fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few @entity1 with @entity4561 have been described in Norway. Different aspects of diagnosis and treatment are assessed in this article. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 26 cases of @entity4561 at Haukeland University Hospital 1985-1999. RESULTS: 85% of the @entity1 fulfilled all criteria for diagnosis and were treated as recommended; yet we found a high frequency of @entity574 (22%). @entity1 with @entity439 had delayed onset of treatment compared to @entity1 without complications. @entity1 were treated later and had a higher incidence of @entity439 . Laboratory findings differed among @entity1 and older @entity1 , and in @entity1 with or without @entity439 . INTERPRETATION: @entity4561 is still a clinical diagnosis. Laboratory tests may, however, help to identify @entity1 with high risk of complications. @entity1 should be followed carefully in the acute phase of @entity221 and be treated early, even when the presentation is atypical. Early adequate treatment is of vital importance to avoid complications and reduce short and longterm morbidity.

title: [Risk factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity4561 :: ('MESH:D009080', 'Disease') :: ["Kawasaki's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity574 :: ('MESH:D003323', 'Disease') :: ['coronary aneurysms']

answer: @entity4561 :: (MESH:D009080,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki's syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the protective effects of statin-related increase in serum @entity14257 [25(OH)D] on vascular function among high-risk cardiovascular @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 443 high-risk cardiovascular @entity1 ( @entity301 83%, @entity385 21%; mean age 68  10 years; men 77%). Serum 25(OH)D was measured by ELISA assay. Carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and brachial flow-mediated dilatation were measured by high-resolution vascular ultrasound. Circulating @entity2280 KDR and CD133KDR endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-nine (74%) @entity1 were statin users. Serum 25(OH)D was higher among statin users than nonusers (30.2  12.8 versus 26.8  8.5ng/ml; P=0.009), which remained significant after multivariable adjustment [B=+3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.6 to 6.9, P=0.019). Serum 25(OH)D was associated with reduced carotid @entity121 (R=-0.11, P=0.026), and increased circulating @entity2280 KDR EPC (R=0.13, P=0.030) and CD133KDR EPC (R=0.15, P=0.012). Adjusted for potential confounders, serum 25(OH)D remained independently associated with reduced carotid @entity121 (B=-0.003, 95% CI -0.005 to 0.000, P=0.017), and increased circulating @entity2280 KDR EPC [B=0.006, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.009, P=0.001, log, unit (*10/ml)] and CD133KDR EPC [B=0.004, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.008, P=0.016, log, unit (*10/ml)]. Interaction test showed no multiplicative effect between statins and serum 25(OH)D on carotid @entity121 or EPCs. Serum 25(OH)D was negatively associated with HbA1c (B=-0.010, 95% CI -0.019 to -0.001, P=0.035). There was no significant association between serum 25(OH)D and brachial flow-mediated dilatation (R=-0.045, P=0.344). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity65 , statin use is associated with increased serum 25(OH)D, which is independently associated with reduced carotid @entity731 burden, increased circulating EPCs, and improved glycemic control. These may partially explain the pleotrophic effects of statins.

title: Vascular protective effects of statin-related increase in serum @entity14257 among high-risk cardiac XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early childhood @entity3467 is an important risk factor for the development of @entity4457 and @entity5971 . Understanding the natural history of these complications aids in management decisions. METHODS: A retrospective observational review was undertaken of 149 @entity1 referred from a preschool photoscreening program who were determined to have @entity3467 of >or=+3.75 D spherical equivalent on criterion standard examination and were treated/followed by one group of academic pediatric ophthalmologists. The prevalence and incidence of accommodative @entity5971 and @entity4457 were determined. RESULTS: At presentation 19% of hypermetropic @entity1 had @entity4457 , 32% had @entity5971 , and 13% had both. Follow-up data of 108 @entity1 during a mean of 40 months showed that 20 (24%) of 83 initially nonamblyopic @entity1 developed @entity4457 and that 22 (33%) of 67 initially nonstrabismic @entity1 developed accommodative @entity5971 . Of @entity1 initially managed with observation, 38% (6 of 16) developed @entity4457 , and 31% (5 of 16) developed accommodative @entity5971 as compared with 21% (14 of 67) and 33% (17 of 51), respectively, for those given full or partial refractive correction. For @entity1 without @entity4457 or strabismus at presentation, only 20% developed @entity4457 and 35% @entity5971 . Strabismic @entity1 responded well to treatment, with no cases developing partially accommodative strabismus requiring surgery during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In this case series we found a high prevalence of @entity4457 and strabismus. The results support the importance of early preschool vision screening and spectacle correction of moderate to high @entity3467 (>+3.50 D) to reduce the risk of @entity4457 , although more research is needed.

title: Longitudinal follow-up of hypermetropic XXXX identified during preschool vision screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Transforming growth factors beta ( @entity2533 s) show pleotrophic functions in vitro and in vivo. Biological effects depend on the cell type, the @entity2533 isoform, and the availability of active @entity2533 . Bioassays for @entity2533 have not proven to be reliable tools in the measurement of @entity2533 in @entity1 blood samples. Previously described sandwich ELISAs for measuring @entity2533 are limited to single @entity2533 isoforms and have not been evaluated for use in @entity1 sera or plasma. We describe a simple procedure to quantitate not only @entity2533 but also @entity6474 in @entity1 blood samples using commercially available antibodies. The sensitivity of the @entity6474 ELISA was 11 pg/ml. There was no crossreactivity between the @entity2533 and @entity1934 isoforms. High concentrations of @entity2533 and @entity1934 in spiked samples did not interfere with @entity6474 determination. @entity6474 recovery was highest in @entity1098 plasma (> 88%), and the intra- and interassay variance was 6% and 8.5% respectively. Applying the ELISA to @entity1 plasma specimens a significant percentage of @entity6474 (3.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) was found (about 50% of the @entity2533 content).

title: Determination of XXXX in @entity1 blood samples by ELISA.

answer: @entity6474 :: (7042,Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor beta 2']


abstract: RecQ family helicases function as safeguards of the genome. Unlike @entity526 , the Gram-positive @entity3881 bacterium possesses two RecQ-like homologues, RecQ[Bs] and RecS, which are required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. RecQ[Bs] also binds to the forked DNA to ensure a smooth progression of the cell cycle. Here we present the first biochemical analysis of recombinant RecQ[Bs]. RecQ[Bs] binds weakly to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and blunt-ended double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) but strongly to forked dsDNA. The protein exhibits a DNA-stimulated ATPase activity and @entity855 - and @entity1025 -dependent DNA helicase activity with a 3'  >  5' polarity. Molecular modeling shows that RecQ[Bs] shares high sequence and structure similarity with @entity526 RecQ. Surprisingly, RecQ[Bs] resembles the truncated @entity375 @entity13568 and @entity1 RecQ helicases more than RecQ[Ec] with regard to its enzymatic activities. Specifically, RecQ[Bs] unwinds forked dsDNA and DNA duplexes with a 3'-overhang but is inactive on blunt-ended dsDNA and 5'-overhung duplexes. Interestingly, RecQ[Bs] unwinds blunt-ended DNA with structural features, including nicks, gaps, 5'-flaps, Kappa joints, synthetic replication forks, and Holliday junctions. We discuss these findings in the context of RecQ[Bs]'s possible functions in preserving genomic stability.

title: Characterization of biochemical properties of XXXX RecQ helicase.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: A statistical analysis of the mass screening for @entity521 in Japan based on a population study rarely has been reported. This study aims to evaluate retrospectively the effectiveness of mass screening at 6 months of age using the available population data. METHODS: The data on the @entity521 cases registered by the Committee for Pediatric Solid Malignant Tumors in the Kyushu area were analyzed based on both screened and unscreened populations in the Kyushu area. RESULTS: From 1988 to 1992, the cumulative incidence of @entity521 in @entity1 less than 5 years of age was 82 in 484,599 for screened @entity1 , and 11 in 92,966 for unscreened @entity1 , respectively. Fourteen of the 82 screened @entity1 had negative findings at 6 months of age (MS-negative cases). No significant difference was observed in the cumulative mortality rates from @entity521 in @entity1 younger than 5 years of age between the screened @entity1 and the unscreened @entity1 . Six of seven @entity1 who died among the screened @entity1 were MS-negative cases with @entity5 . In addition, no significant difference was found in the cumulative mortality rates from the @entity521 cases in @entity1 less than 5 years of age between the @entity1 screened from 1988 to 1992 (7 of 484,599) and all @entity1 from 1980 to 1984 (14 of 668,084). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggests that the majority of the @entity1 detected by mass screening had a favorable prognosis, and, mass screening in Japan for @entity1 less than 6 months of age was not observed to reduce the incidence and mortality from @entity521 . Therefore, mass screening at 6 months of age was not found to improve substantially the prognosis of @entity1 with unfavorable @entity521 identified over 1 year of age, which is the primary purpose of such mass screening for @entity521 .

title: Mass screening for XXXX at 6 months of age: difficult to justify.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III or IV disease']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 models are commonly defined as either @entity128 or @entity32 models, but recent work suggests inflammatory processes are important in @entity128 -induced @entity158 . METHODS: In the @entity35 spinal nerve ligation model, the authors examined effects of systemic @entity228 @entity2995 (TA) on the cytokine protein profile and sympathetic sprouting in the axotomized sensory ganglia, excitability of sensory neurons, and mechanical sensitivity. RESULTS: By postoperative day 3, marked increases (5- to 16-fold) in @entity657 , growth-related oncogene (GRO/KC or @entity4646 ), and @entity568 were observed, whereas @entity12718 and @entity5041 levels fell more than fourfold. The increased cytokines and number of sympathetic basket formations in the sensory ganglia were reduced toward normal values by TA given starting at the time of injury. @entity12718 and @entity5041 levels were not restored by TA. Systemic TA also reduced the firing rate and incidence of bursting activity, but not the overall incidence of spontaneous activity, in large- and medium-sized neurons. Mechanical @entity56 on postoperative day 3 was reduced by TA, and some effect could still be observed 4 days after cessation of TA. However, starting TA at day 7 was ineffective. CONCLUSIONS: Several components of the @entity3510 model are responsive to corticosteroid, suggesting inflammatory processes are important in the development of @entity9 . The observation that TA was effective when given starting at the time of injury suggests that @entity134 treatment might alter the development of @entity1118 after surgical procedures that involve @entity128 , such as amputation or hernia repair.

title: Systemic antiinflammatory corticosteroid reduces mechanical @entity158 behavior, sympathetic sprouting, and elevation of proinflammatory cytokines in a @entity35 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'nerve-injury']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain', 'Chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Research suggests that @entity284 maintenance treatment ( @entity569 ) effectively reduces @entity4784 and related health and social problems. However, few studies have examined its effectiveness among the elderly. This study examined a monthly @entity569 regime for elderly opium addicts attending the National Addictions Management Service, Singapore. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design and comprised 40 @entity1 attending the addiction service and 40 caregivers who monitored @entity284 consumption (mostly @entity1 ' sons and daughters). @entity1 completed a semi-structured interview comprising measures of opiate craving and withdrawal, physical and @entity458 . Objective measures were urine drug screens and blood tests. RESULTS: @entity1 who averaged 74.8 years old had been using opium for around 44 years and had been in @entity569 for an average of 35 months. The maintenance dose of @entity284 was 9.2 mg/day. At interview, no opiate usage (other than @entity284 ) was detected in urine screens; however, clinical records indicated that 6 had tested positive during the previous 6 months of @entity569 . No major withdrawal symptoms, side effects, or incidents of diversion were reported. Quality-of-life scores were in the normal range and satisfaction with the treatment regime was expressed by caregivers. CONCLUSION: Whilst @entity569 is the predominant pharmacotherapy for @entity4784 for users of all ages elsewhere, our study group constitutes a unique population that differs markedly from younger opiate users who will eventually grow old. In Singapore, @entity569 appears to be an effective treatment for stable, elderly opium-dependent @entity1 where families are fully engaged in the treatment regime.

title: Monthly take-home XXXX maintenance regime for elderly opium-dependent users in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opiate dependence']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological health']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non invasive approaches will likely be increasing utilized to assess @entity1575 . This work provides a new non invasive index to predict @entity1575 induced in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity82 was generated by @entity7008 ( @entity2796 ), chronic intake of @entity1068 , or infection with @entity383 in 240 @entity19 . Both progression and regression of @entity82 (after treatment with @entity9601 and/or @entity2039 ) were monitored. The following methods were employed: (i) The METAVIR system was utilized to grade and stage @entity409 and fibosis; (ii) Determination of hepatic @entity720 and collagen; and (iii) Derivation of a new hepatic @entity82 index from the induced changes, and its prospective validation in a group of 70 @entity19 . RESULTS: The index is composed of 4 serum variable including total proteins, gamma-GT, @entity648 and @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), measured in diseased, treated and normal @entity19 . These parameters were highly correlated with both the histological stage and the grade. They were combined in a logarithmic formula, which non-invasively scores the severity of @entity1575 through a range (0 to 2), starting with healthy liver (corresponding to stage 0) to advanced @entity82 (corresponding stage 3).Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for the accuracy of the index to predict the histological stages demonstrated that the areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.954, 0.979 and 0.99 for index values corresponding to histological stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Also, the index was correlated with stage and grade, (0.947 and 0.859, respectively). The cut off values that cover the range between stages 0-1, 1-2 and 2-3 are 0.4, 1.12 and 1.79, respectively. The results in the validation group confirmed the accuracy of the test. The AUROC was 0.869 and there was good correlation with the stage of @entity82 and grade of @entity32 . CONCLUSION: The index fulfils the basic criteria of non-invasive marker of @entity1575 since it is liver-specific, easy to implement, reliable, and inexpensive. It proved to be accurate in discriminating precirrhotic stages.

title: Non-invasive index of XXXX induced by alcohol, @entity7008 and Schistosomal infection in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9601 :: ('MESH:D012838', 'Chemical') :: ['silymarin']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2039 :: ('MESH:D011223', 'Chemical') :: ['praziquantel']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine indications for thoracolumbar radiography. DESIGN: Case series with prospective data collection. SETTING: Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Blunt- @entity130 victims more than 12 years old who underwent routine thoracic and lumbar radiography according to institutional protocol. @entity1 were classified as group 1, not able to be evaluated clinically (Glasgow Coma Scale score of less than 13, intoxication, intubation, or cervical @entity51 ); and group 2, able to be evaluated clinically. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 319 @entity1 sustained 25 @entity174 . Seven of 136 group 1 @entity1 and 17 of 183 group 2 @entity1 had @entity174 . Eight of 17 @entity1 with @entity158 and 9 of 17 with @entity925 had @entity174 (P = .001). No group 2 @entity1 without @entity158 , @entity925 , @entity51 , or major distracting injury, including cervical @entity174 , had @entity174 . The negative predictive value of @entity158 and @entity925 was 95%. Five of 46 @entity1 with @entity174 at any level had @entity174 . CONCLUSION: Blunt- @entity130 victims who cannot be evaluated clinically should undergo thoracolumbar radiography. Routine radiography may be unnecessary in asymptomatic @entity1 who can be evaluated clinically and who do not have @entity51 or distracting injuries. @entity174 at any level mandates complete spinal radiography.

title: Selective indications for thoracic and lumbar radiography in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'thoracic or lumbar fractures', 'fracture', 'multiple fractures', 'Spinal fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic or lumbar neuro-deficit', 'neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: We report a case of @entity356 by Anisakis sp. with consequent localization of the larva in the spleen. An 86-year-old white @entity1 was admitted to our surgical department with a diagnosis of acute abdomen. She had a history of @entity490 , and her laboratory data showed @entity491 . In the plain abdominal radiograph, @entity516 was evident; a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen confirmed the presence of extraluminal air. Anamnesis disclosed the ingestion of raw fish during the week preceding her illness. The @entity1 was underwent emergency laparotomy. A small @entity356 and a nodular area at the superior pole of the spleen were found. Surgical treatment was performed successfully and consisted of excision of the @entity1819 and splenectomy. The histological diagnosis revealed the presence of @entity3621 with an @entity1066 , and in the splenic tissue, some @entity39 foci containing cross-sectioned degenerated worms compatible with Anisakis larva.

title: Splenic anisakiasis resulting from a XXXX : an unusual occurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lesion']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric perforation']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric perforation']


abstract: Epidemiological data show that allergic @entity1 have a different intestinal flora from healthy @entity1 with higher levels of Clostridia and lower levels of Bifidobacteria. Nonetheless, Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli are found more commonly in the composition of the intestinal flora of non-allergic @entity1 . Probiotics are ingested live microbes that can modify intestinal microbial populations in a way that benefits the host and they are represented mainly by Lactobacilli. Enhanced presence of probiotic bacteria in the intestinal microbiota is found to correlate with protection against atopy. There is also very promising evidence to recommend the addition of probiotics to foods for the prevention and treatment of @entity56 . Clinical improvement, especially in @entity2023 and immunoglobulin (Ig)E-sensitized ( @entity1097 ) @entity484 , has been reported in most of the published studies. However, clinical benefit of probiotic therapy depends upon numerous factors, such as type of bacterium, dosing regimen, delivery method and other underlying host factors, e.g. the age and diet of the host. Selection of the most beneficial probiotic strain, the dose and the timing of supplementation still need to be determined. This review helps understanding of the role of probiotics in various @entity56 , explaining laboratory and clinical data in light of recent literature.

title: Various effects of different probiotic strains in XXXX : an update from laboratory and clinical data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a potent and critical inducer of angiogenesis and vascular permeability, and has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory events, together with @entity519 and inflammatory cytokines. @entity7 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is expressed in the middle ear in an experimental animal model of @entity2172 with effusion (OME) and in @entity1 with OME. However, the protein levels of @entity7 in @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) are unknown and the role of @entity7 in the pathogenesis of OME is unclear. The goals of this study were to determine the @entity7 levels in @entity2171 and to investigate the role of @entity7 in production of @entity2171 by comparing these levels with those of @entity687 ( @entity687 ), endotoxin, and albumin. METHODS: Forty-six @entity2171 obtained from 33 @entity1 (24 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 ) were used in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 6.3 years old (range, 1-12 years old). The @entity1 underwent myringotomy and/or insertion of a ventilation tube for treatment of OME. After myringotomy, @entity2171 were collected with a Juhn Tym-Tap. The samples were divided into serous and mucoid types based on observation by the naked eye. After measuring the weight of the MEE, the sample was diluted with @entity1391 -buffered saline and frozen until use. The concentrations of @entity7 and @entity687 in the @entity2171 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, endotoxin concentrations were measured by the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test, and albumin levels were determined using an immunoturbidimetric assay. RESULTS: @entity7 , endotoxin, @entity687 , and albumin were detected in 100%, 89%, 98%, and 100% of the 46 @entity2171 , respectively. The concentrations of @entity7 , endotoxin, and @entity687 were significantly higher in mucoid @entity2171 than in serous @entity2171 (p<0.01), whereas there was no significant difference in the albumin concentration between mucoid and serous @entity2171 . The @entity7 levels were positively correlated with those of endotoxin (R(2)=0.17, p<0.05) and albumin (R(2)=0.65, p<0.01) in mucoid @entity2171 , but not in serous @entity2171 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity7 is produced in response to bacterial components such as endotoxin in the @entity2172 and is associated with production of mucoid @entity2171 by increasing serum exudation and mucosal secretion.

title: The role of XXXX in pediatric @entity2172 with effusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['otitis media', 'middle ear cavity']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusions', 'MEEs']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation between telomerase activity and the expression of @entity1 @entity7066 , @entity1 @entity2215 ( @entity2215 ) in @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), and to analyze the influence of the @entity377 homology of the @entity7066 template region on telomerase activity. Six @entity157 @entity1 and two chronic @entity99 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. Telomerase activity was determined using the fluorescence-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) method. Quantification of @entity7066 and hTERTmRNA was performed using a real-time PCR method. Furthermore, a portion of the @entity7066 gene was amplified using nested RT-PCR methods. After sub-cloning, the @entity377 sequence of the cloned @entity7066 that contained the template region was determined. Telomerase activity and hTERTmRNA was detected in all cancerous tissues, while @entity7066 was present in both tumorous and non-tumorous lesions. The level of telomerase activity correlated with expression of hTERTmRNA, but not that of @entity7066 . The @entity377 sequence of cloned @entity7066 was similar in both tumorous and non-tumorous lesions. The expression of @entity2215 may be a definitive factor in the activation of telomerase in hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Detection of telomerase activity, telomerase RNA component, and XXXX in @entity1 @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity7066 :: ('7012', 'Gene') :: ['telomerase RNA component (hTERC)', 'hTERC']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'telomerase reverse transcriptase']

answer: @entity2215 :: (7015,Gene) :: ['telomerase reverse transcriptase']


abstract: Are @entity167 and @entity413 blood levels modified in fasting subjects taking @entity5616 ? This experience tries to simulate normal life conditions. Nine @entity1 , volunteer, aged from 24 to 29 years old, without any digestive symptoms, ate a standard lunch after five hours of fasting, took 0.35 g of @entity167 per kg. @entity1068 blood levels, glycemia and blood levels of @entity2690 and glucagon were taken at regular intervals every 10 to 15 minutes during all the experiment (120 minutes). After the initial experiment, all subjects took 150 mg of @entity5616 p.o. b.i.d. during seven days. Afterward they were submitted to the same protocol. Between both experiments no differences were found on blood levels of @entity1068 . Peak concentration, decreasing rate, and biodisponibility (estimated by area under the curve) did not change. There was a tendency to have a faster decrease in @entity413 blood level (p < 0.05). This study does not show any significant modification of @entity1068 metabolism after taking @entity5616 p.o.; those results are differing from data already found with studies using @entity4444 .

title: [Effect of @entity5616 on blood XXXX and @entity413 levels after ingestion of @entity167 ].

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the design of the Montrachet Study ( @entity1020 Optic Nerve nuTRition neurovAsCular and @entity299 ) and to report visual acuity and @entity2516 in this elderly population. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited in Dijon (France), from the ongoing population-based 3C Study. In 2009-2011, 1153 @entity1 from the 3 Cities Study, aged 75  years or more, had an initial eye examination and were scheduled for eye examinations. The eye examination comprised visual acuity, refraction, visual field, ocular surface assessment, photographs and OCT of the macula and the optic disc, measurement of intra-ocular pressure, central corneal thickness and macular pigment assessment. Information on @entity65 and a large comprehensive database (blood samples, genetic testing, cognitive tests, MRI) were available from the 3C Study. RESULTS: Presenting visual acuity <20/60 in the better eye was found in 2.3% (95% CI 1.5-3.2) of the @entity1 with no gender differences. @entity227 increased with age from 1.5% (95% CI 0.3-2.7) for those aged 75-79  years to 5.6% (95% CI 2.9-8.4) for @entity1 85  years and older (p  =  0.0003). Spherical equivalent did not differ between @entity1 and @entity1 (p  =  0.8) and decreased with age whatever the lens status. CONCLUSION: Despite the high prevalence of self-reported @entity2194 in this elderly population, @entity227 was low and increased with age. The Montrachet Study may help to better estimate the prevalence of @entity2194 in @entity1 over 75  years of age and to seek associations with @entity65 and their potential risk factors.

title: The Montrachet Study: study design, methodology and analysis of visual acuity and XXXX in an elderly population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'people', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment', 'Visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HEarT diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and neurologic diseases']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity976 bears a high rate of recurrence and morbidity in childhood. Although the outcome after recurrence and reoperation is an important parameter for the long-term evaluation of @entity976 , it is poorly documented in literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied @entity1 reoperated for recurrent @entity976 in our institution since the advent of computed tomography (CT) scanner. Reoperation for @entity5 resection was decided whenever the recurrence was solid, with the aim total resection if possible and reasonable. Stereotactic techniques were used in case of cystic recurrence, and external irradiation was used only in case of recurrent @entity5 not amenable to surgery. RESULTS: From September 1981 to January 2007, we performed one or more reoperations in 20 @entity1 presenting with recurrent @entity976 . The total number of reoperations was 29: resection was total in 12 cases, near-total in 8 cases, partial in 8 cases, and undocumented in 1. In addition, stereotactic procedures were performed in 11 cases, and 5 @entity1 underwent external irradiation. DISCUSSION: No @entity1 died after surgery or because of @entity5 progression; one @entity1 died abruptly of an undiagnosed cause during external irradiation. The event-free survival after reoperation was 49.9% at 5 years and 40.0% at 10 years. At last control, after a mean follow-up of 70.4 months after the last surgery, nine @entity1 were @entity5 -free and ten had stable disease. CONCLUSION: Reoperation for recurrent @entity976 is an efficient method for @entity5 control and should be proposed whenever the recurrent @entity5 is solid. Morbidity results above all from @entity146 , rather than from surgical damage.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : recurrence, reoperation and outcome.

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngiomas', 'Craniopharyngioma', 'craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

answer: @entity976 :: (MESH:D003397,Disease) :: ['Craniopharyngiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CSF @entity5254 is a common complication of @entity5513 surgery. METHODS: Twenty cases of persistent @entity5254 , 2 of transient leaks, and 2 of late @entity693 occurring in a series of 156 posterior fossa @entity5513 removals were studied. Prophylaxis of leaks was usually attempted by filling opened air cells in the drilled internal auditory canal (IAC) with bone wax. Communications were repaired by rewaxing the IAC, or by fat packing of either the mastoid or the eustachian tube, middle ear, and mastoid. RESULTS: Most leaks were diagnosed within 1 week of surgery, although 1 occurred 4 years postoperatively. Those seen later were usually recurrences of a previously repaired leak or cases of @entity693 . Leaks were more common later in the series when a more lateral unroofing of the IAC was used. The communication usually occurred through air cells opened while unroofing the canal, but two were via the vestibule and oval window. Treatment failed in 38% of cases in which canal rewaxing was used. There were no failures when the communication was sealed by fat obliteration of the eustachian tube, middle ear, and mastoid. CONCLUSIONS: Leaks are more common with a more lateral unroofing of the IAC. A leak may occur into the middle ear via the oval window. Optimal treatment is packing of the middle ear and mastoid with fat.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid leak after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea', 'cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuroma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuroma']


abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the possible involvement of chemokines and their receptors in @entity0 progression and @entity3 . Chemokines and their receptors constitute a superfamily of signalling factors whose prognosis value in @entity0 progression remains unclear. We will examine here the expression pattern of chemokines and their receptors in mammary gland physiology and @entity105 . The nature of the cells producing chemokines or harboring chemokine receptors appears to be crucial in certain conditions for example, the infiltration of the primary @entity5 by leukocytes and angiogenesis. In addition, chemokines, their receptors and the interaction with glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) are key players in the homing of @entity5 cells to distant @entity3 sites. Several lines of evidence, including in vitro and in vivo models, suggest that the mechanism of action of chemokines in @entity5 development involves the modulation of proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, leukocyte recruitment or angiogenesis. Furthermore, we will discuss the regulation of chemokine network in @entity5 neovascularity by decoy receptors. The reasons accounting for the deregulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors expression in @entity0 are certainly crucial for the comprehension of chemokine role in @entity0 and are in several cases linked to @entity172 receptor status. The targeting of chemokines and chemokine receptors by antibodies, small molecule antagonists, viral chemokine binding proteins and heparins appears as promising tracks to develop therapeutic strategies. Thus there is significant interest in developing strategies to antagonize the chemokine function, and an opportunity to interfere with @entity3 , the leading cause of @entity204 in most @entity1 .

title: Chemokines: novel targets for @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that a form of hexokinase characteristic of rapidly growing, highly glycolytic @entity5 cells is bound to an outer mitochondrial membrane receptor complex containing a Mr 35,000 pore protein (D. M. Parry and P. L. Pedersen, J. Biol. Chem., 258: 10904-10912, 1983; R. A. Nakashima, et al., Biochemistry, 25: 1015-1021, 1986). In new studies reported here the specificity of this receptor complex for binding hexokinase is defined, and a purification scheme is described which leads to a homogeneous and bindable form of the @entity5 hexokinase. In the @entity5427 , hexokinase activity is elevated more than 100-fold relative to liver tissue. The relative increase in hexokinase activity is 8 times greater than that of any other glycolytic enzyme. Hexokinase is the only glycolytic enzyme of AS-30D cells to exhibit a mitochondrial/cytoplasmic specific activity ratio greater than 1, showing a 3.5-fold elevation in the mitochondrial fraction. Purification of hexokinase is accomplished by preferential solubilization of the mitochondrial bound enzyme with @entity3776 , followed by high-performance liquid chromatography on gel permeation and anion exchange columns. The final fraction has a specific activity of 144 units per mg of protein, with a Km for @entity413 of 0.13 mM and for @entity855 of 1.4 mM. The purified @entity5 enzyme migrates as a single species upon @entity3208 : @entity2975 gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 98,000. Significantly, the purified @entity5 enzyme retains its activity for mitochondrial binding. Additional results derived from chromatographic, polyclonal antibody, and @entity535 analysis studies indicate that the predominant @entity35 @entity157 hexokinase species is related most closely to isozymic form(s) of the enzyme commonly referred to as type II, and least related to the liver type IV isozyme (glucokinase).

title: Purification and characterization of a bindable form of mitochondrial bound hexokinase from the highly glycolytic AS-30D @entity35 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose-6-phosphate']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: This study describes a @entity1 with lateral medullary @entity63 (LMI) presenting with persistent @entity11637 followed by vertigo with horizontal @entity346 ( @entity346 ) and discusses pertinent pathophysiology. A 65-year-old @entity1 presented with persistent @entity11637 and disabling spells of vertigo, lasting 30 seconds that became much more frequent and associated with lateropulsion to the right. A strong left beating @entity346 was evident. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography, and intra-arterial cerebral digital subtracted angiography showed subacute @entity2806 in the right lateral medulla and ipsilateral @entity76 , and two tight stenoses of the V1 and V4 segments of the right vertebral artery. @entity1 was treated by intravenous heparin and oral @entity1397 . After 48 hours, @entity11637 disappeared. One month later, vertigo spells were less frequent but still disabling. Endovascular stenting of the right @entity9085 was then performed. In the subsequent four years, the @entity1 had no further episodes of @entity11637 or vertigo. Less intense @entity346 persisted. @entity11637 followed by vertigo, lateropulsion, and @entity346 had been the clinical presentation of LMI and @entity63 , without other major neurologic or ocular motor findings. This unusual clinical variant of LMI could mimic a more benign labyrinthine lesion, and possibly leading to a dangerously delayed treatment.

title: Lateral medullary @entity63 presenting with persistent XXXX and vertigo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'man', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery stenoses']

entities_list: @entity11637 :: ('MESH:D006606', 'Disease') :: ['hiccups', 'Hiccups']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar hemisphere']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['HSN', 'head-shaking-induced contralesional nystagmus']

answer: @entity11637 :: (MESH:D006606,Disease) :: ['hiccups']