abstract: @entity740 is among the major causes of graft loss even in low-risk kidney transplant recipients and correlates with acute nephrotoxic events during the first year post-transplant. Therefore, @entity9909 -free regimens may improve @entity1 and graft survival among recipients of living-related kidney transplants. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of two @entity9909 -free regimens in 92 low-risk recipients of one-haplotype living-related kidney transplants. Immunosuppression consisted of @entity1140 , @entity500 and @entity229 (group I, GI, N = 38), 2 doses of daclizumab, @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), and @entity229 (GII, N = 33) and 2 doses of daclizumab, @entity2098 , @entity3446 and @entity229 (GIII, N = 21). At 12 months, treatment failure (biopsy-confirmed acute rejection, graft loss or @entity204 ) was higher in GII compared to GIII and GI (54.5 vs 24.0 vs 13.1%, P < 0.01, respectively). In @entity1 of black ethnicity the incidence of acute rejection was 25 vs 83.3 vs 20% (P = 0.055), respectively. @entity1 and graft survival was comparable. There were no differences in mean @entity1011 or calculated creatinine clearance at 12 months. Overall incidence of @entity6 (3.3%) and @entity2803 (4.3%) was similar in all groups. Further development of effective @entity9909 -free regimens should exclude @entity1 of black ethnicity and may need full-induction therapy, perhaps with depleting agents, and concentration-controlled use of @entity3446 and @entity2098 .

title: Exploratory XXXX -free regimens in living-related kidney transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity9909 :: ('23523', 'Gene') :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic allograft nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity9909 :: (23523,Gene) :: ['calcineurin inhibitor']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Although @entity1 with @entity355 commonly undergo endoscopic surveillance, its effectiveness in reducing mortality from esophageal/gastroesophageal junction @entity420 has not been evaluated rigorously. METHODS: We performed a case-control study in a community-based setting. Among 8272 members with @entity355 , we identified 351 @entity420 : 70 in @entity1 who had a prior diagnosis of @entity355 (who were eligible for surveillance); 51 of these @entity1 died, 38 as a result of the @entity5 (cases). Surveillance histories were contrasted with a sample of 101 living @entity1 with @entity355 (controls), matched for age, sex, and duration of follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: Surveillance within 3 years was not associated with a decreased risk of death from @entity420 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-2.75). Fatal cases were nearly as likely to have received surveillance (55.3%) as were controls (60.4%). A @entity355 length longer than 3 cm and prior @entity1141 each were associated with subsequent mortality, but adjustment for these did not change the main findings. Although all @entity1 should be included in evaluations of effectiveness, excluding deaths related to @entity5 treatment and @entity1 who failed to complete treatment, changed the magnitude, but not the significance, of the association (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-1.64). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic surveillance of @entity1 with @entity355 was not associated with a substantially decreased risk of death from @entity420 . The results do not exclude a small to moderate benefit. However, if such a benefit exists, our findings indicate that it is substantially smaller than currently estimated. The effectiveness of surveillance was influenced partially by the acceptability of existing treatments and the occurrence of treatment-associated mortality.

title: Impact of endoscopic surveillance on mortality from XXXX -associated esophageal @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'esophageal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: The @entity13842 polymorphism in the @entity6785 ( @entity6785 ) gene has been implicated in susceptibility to @entity29 ( @entity29 ), but the results are inconclusive. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the overall association between the @entity13842 polymorphism and @entity29 risk. We searched in Pubmed, and Embase for studies evaluating the association between the @entity13842 gene polymorphism and @entity29 risk. Data were extracted and statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.1 and STATA 12.0 software. A total of seven publications involving 4729 subjects (2282 @entity29 cases and 2447 controls) were included in this meta-analysis. Combined analysis revealed a clear association between this polymorphism and @entity29 susceptibility (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.10-2.00, p = 0.009 for CC vs. CG + GG). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that the @entity29 risk associated with the @entity13842 gene polymorphism was significantly elevated among Asians (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.08-2.96, p = 0.02), but not among Caucasians. Subgroup analysis by disease suggested that the @entity13842 gene polymorphism is a risk factor for @entity31 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10-2.37, p = 0.01), but that it was not associated with @entity30 . This meta-analysis suggests that the @entity13842 polymorphism in the macrophage @entity6785 gene contributes to @entity29 susceptibility, specifically in Asian populations. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.

title: The XXXX Polymorphism of the @entity6785 Gene and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity6785 :: ('4282', 'Gene') :: ['MIF', 'macrophage migration inhibitory factor']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity13842 :: (c|SUB|G|-173|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-173 G/C']


abstract: PURPOSE: White blood cell (WBC) count is a marker of @entity32 and has been associated with the development of @entity65 . We investigated the relationship between WBC counts and the incidence of @entity63 in a large cohort of @entity1 with pre-existing @entity66 and defined blood lipid boundaries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We followed up @entity1 with documented @entity301 for 4.8 to 8.1 years. An extensive medical evaluation, conducted at baseline, included assessment of vascular risk factors and measures of blood lipids. Among 5435 @entity1 with WBC counts, free of @entity64 , 295 developed an @entity63 (fatal and nonfatal). After review of available medical records, 186 of these cases had @entity385 or @entity385 . RESULTS: Higher WBC counts were associated with increased risk for @entity63 . Age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.55 with 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-2.07, upper WBC tertile compared with the lowest. Adjusting for clinical covariates, WBC count remained an independent predictor for @entity63 (HR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.03-1.87, upper WBC tertile compared with the lowest). A similar trend appeared for the endpoint of ischemic @entity385 ( @entity385 ). Further adjustment for plasma @entity2002 did not change the association materially (HR = 1.32; 95% CI 1.01-1.80; upper tertile of WBC compared with lowest). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the role of WBC count as a simple inexpensive and readily available marker for risk stratification of @entity63 among @entity1 with pre-existing @entity66 and defined blood lipid boundaries.

title: White blood cell count and the incidence of @entity385 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atherothrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['stroke/transient ischemic attack', 'ischemic stroke', 'TIA']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We are reporting the characteristics of 9 @entity1 with left @entity591 , an @entity943 not well studied in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Mean age was 60 years and 7 were @entity1 . @entity591 was spontaneous in 6 and induced in 3. Two had no @entity299 , 3 aortic prosthesis, 2 @entity101 , 1 @entity296 and 1 chronic @entity3617 . Simultaneous recordings from right atrial, coronary sinus and right pulmonary artery were obtained at baseline and with atrial pacing. Macroreentrant @entity591 was diagnosed when entrainment with fusion was documented. RESULTS: Cycle length was 230-440 ms (287 67). The ECG showed atypical flutter in 3 @entity1 and P waves with flat baseline in 6. Coronary sinus activation was distal to proximal in 7. Right atrial activation was circular in 3 with previous typical @entity5069 . Entrainment from the right atrium produced long return cycles in the right atrial recordings, but equal to basal tachycardic cycle in coronary sinus recordings. Entrainment from the coronary sinus produced local return cycles equal to basal cycle in 8 and prolonged in 1. After stimulation, 4 recovered sinus rhythm, 4 went to @entity955 and 1 had no change. After a follow-up of 9-19 months 5 remain in sinus rhythm treated with antiarrhythmic drugs and/or atrial pacing. CONCLUSIONS: Left @entity591 is associated with @entity299 . The ECG most frequent pattern tends to show P waves with flat baseline at a relatively slow rate. Most circuits turn clockwise in anterior view. Atrial stimulation is not very effective for cardioversion to sinus rhythm. The prognosis of long term rhythm is uncertain.

title: [Electrophysiological and clinical characterization of left XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia', 'atrial macroreentrant tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease, 2 sick sinus syndrome', 'organic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity5069 :: ('MESH:D054141', 'Disease') :: ['flutter ablation']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['atrial macroreentrant tachycardia']


abstract: In @entity483 , the concentration in the skin of @entity4993 (SPC), which is produced from @entity4291 by @entity4291 deacylase, is increased. In the present study, we investigated the itch-eliciting activity of SPC and related substances and the mechanisms of SPC action in @entity19 . An intradermal injection of SPC, but not @entity4291 and @entity5597 , induced scratching, an itch-associated response, which was not suppressed by a deficiency in mast cells or the H(1) @entity112 receptor antagonist @entity9691 . The action of SPC was inhibited by the mu-opioid receptor antagonist @entity836 . SPC action also was inhibited by the @entity25084 inhibitor @entity7365 and the leukotriene B(4) antagonist @entity42923 , but not by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor @entity3352 . Moreover, SPC action was inhibited by the antiallergic agent @entity24174 , which suppresses the action and production of @entity8285 (4). Administration of SPC to the skin and to primary cultures of keratinocytes increased @entity8285 production. SPC increased intracellular @entity141 ion concentration in primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and keratinocytes. These results suggest that SPC induces itching through a direct action on primary afferents and @entity8285 production of keratinocytes. @entity4291 deacylase and SPC receptors may be previously unreported targets for antipruritic drugs.

title: XXXX mediates @entity4993 -induced itch-associated responses in @entity19 skin.

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity8285 :: ('MESH:D007975', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotriene B', 'leukotriene B(4)']

entities_list: @entity4993 :: ('MESH:C005356', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosylphosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['azelastine']

entities_list: @entity5597 :: ('MESH:D013110', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine']

entities_list: @entity7365 :: ('MESH:C063449', 'Chemical') :: ['zileuton']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['Sphingomyelin', 'sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity8285 :: (MESH:D007975,Chemical) :: ['Leukotriene B(4)']


abstract: AIM: To observe the inhibitory effect of @entity5118 (AG) on the @entity358 induced by @entity7290 (BLM-A5) in @entity35 . METHODS: The contents of @entity720 , @entity3542 / @entity1507 ( @entity6836 -/ @entity8326 ), and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), which reflect @entity82 , @entity842 (NO) production, and hyperoxidative @entity651 , were investigated by colorimetry. Histologic and morphometric examination of lung was also carried out on histological sections stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (HE). RESULTS: (1) The content of @entity720 in lung and @entity1865 in out-going pulmonary blood (OPB) increased from 14 d to 30 d after intratracheal administration of BLM-A5. Collapsed alveoli and fibrotic areas were seen and a lot of fibroblasts appeared in the lung interstitum of the @entity35 30 d after BLM-A5. (2) The @entity6836 -/ @entity8326 content increased in supernatant of alveolar macrophage culture and in OPB. (3) The increment of @entity720 in lung and @entity1865 in OPB induced by BLM-A5 was alleviated by @entity5118 (AG, 20 mg.kg-1 . d-1, ip). AG also reduced the histologic and morphometric changes in lung interstitum. (4) The augment of @entity6836 -/ @entity8326 - in OPB was blocked by AG. CONCLUSION: AG had inhibitory effect on @entity651 and @entity82 induced by BLM-A5, and the inhibitory effect was related to the decrease of NO production in lung.

title: Inhibitory effect of @entity5118 on bleomycin-induced XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury', 'injury of lung']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity7290 :: ('MESH:C025703', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin A5']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary toxicity']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between @entity4187 gene polymorphism and @entity5 risk, and the impact of SNP-SNP interaction on @entity5 risk in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 728 females with a mean age of 60.1    14.5 years old were selected, including 360 @entity5 @entity1 and 368 normal controls. Logistic regression was performed to investigate association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and @entity5 risk. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) was used to analyze the SNP-SNP interaction. RESULTS: Logistic analysis showed a significant association between @entity31532 and @entity5 risk. The carriers of homozygous mutant of @entity31532 polymorphism revealed @entity5 risk than those with wild-type homozygotes, OR (95%CI) were 1.45 (1.20-1.95). There was a significant two-locus model (P = 0.0107) involving @entity31532 and @entity31531 , indicating a potential SNP-SNP interaction between @entity31532 and @entity31531 . Overall, the two-locus models had a cross-validation consistency of 10 of 10, and had the testing accuracy of 60.72%. Subjects with TC or CC of @entity31532 and AG or GG of @entity31531 genotype have the highest @entity5 risk, compared to subjects with TT of @entity31532 and AA of @entity31531 genotype, OR (95%CI) was 2.03 (1.42-2.89). CONCLUSIONS: @entity31532 minor alleles and interaction between @entity31532 and @entity31531 were associated with @entity5 risk.

title: The Association of @entity4187 Gene With @entity5 and Additional SNP-SNP Interaction in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['increased cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Selaginella doederleinii Hieron has been used as a folk medicine for the treatment of different @entity5 , especially for @entity189 , @entity2 and @entity5 in China. Previously, the @entity1046 extract from S. doederleinii (SDEA extract) showed favorable anti- @entity5 potentials. However, the main chemical composition and anticancer mechanism of the SDEA extract were still not very clear. Until now, there are no reports available about the @entity137 of the extract. AIM OF STUDY: The present study was to further elucidate the chemical composition and @entity2 mechanism of the SDEA extract, and evaluate the @entity137 of the extract. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SDEA extract was separated and analyzed by HPLC to disclose its main chemicals. The effects of the extract were then investigated in vitro on cell viability, apoptosis and cell cycle using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and the molecular mechanism against @entity1 @entity2 cells A549 was further studied by western blot assays. The in vivo anti- @entity5 effect of the extract was evaluated in A549 xenograft @entity19 model by histochemical assay, and @entity5 growth, microvascular density (MVD) and @entity14160 expression were also measured. In addition, @entity137 test of the extract was executed in @entity19 . RESULTS: SDEA extract mainly contained eight biflavonoids. The extract caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induced cell apoptosis by upregulating @entity589 , downregulating @entity588 , activating @entity8187 and @entity522 and blocked the cell cycle in S phase. The extract reduced expression of antigen @entity14160 , decreased MVD, and significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth. The extract did not show apparent oral acute @entity137 in healthy @entity19 . CONCLUSION: The SDEA extract exerted anti- @entity5 effect through activating mitochondrial pathways and reducing @entity14160 expression and MVD. Low oral acute @entity137 suggested it a promising chemotherapy agent.

title: @entity1046 extract from Selaginella doederleinii Hieron inhibits the growth of XXXX @entity2 cells A549 via caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'acute oral toxicity', 'oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'trophoblastic tumour', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['anti-lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal and @entity1 data show that platelet-activating factor ( @entity5567 ) mediates the life-threatening manifestations of @entity2021 . Although administration of @entity1425 is the mainstay of therapy of acute @entity2021 , the interaction between @entity1425 and @entity5567 has not been studied. In particular, the effect of the timing of @entity1425 administration on the action of @entity5567 has not been examined. OBJECTIVE: Using @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs), we examined the effect of timing of @entity1425 addition on the action of @entity5567 . METHODS: The effect of @entity1425 on @entity5567 -mediated @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) release from @entity1 aortic smooth muscle cells was examined. @entity1425 was added at various times before and after @entity5567 stimulation. RESULTS: HVSMCs stimulated with @entity5567 released @entity1421 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Whereas preincubation of HVSMCs with @entity1425 before the addition of @entity5567 suppressed @entity1421 release, treatment with @entity1425 after @entity5567 stimulation was less effective with time after @entity5567 stimulation. @entity1421 release was suppressed by means of preincubation with @entity5987 and @entity1928 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5567 induced @entity1421 release from HVSMCs in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and early addition of @entity1425 was essential for the control of @entity5567 -induced @entity1421 release. @entity1425 was most effective when administered before stimulation with @entity5567 but was progressively less effective with time after @entity5567 stimulation.

title: Effect of XXXX on platelet-activating factor-stimulated @entity1 vascular smooth muscle cells.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE(2)', 'prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity5987 :: ('MESH:D015124', 'Chemical') :: ['8-bromo-cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the morbidity rate due to @entity309 ( @entity309 ) in the Polish population during 2008-2012, calculated per 1,000 inhabitants, and taking into account the differences between provincess, area of residence (urban or rural) and gender. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From the NFZ IT systems, PESEL number information was obtained for all 17 types of services contracted in 2008-2012, for @entity1 whose main diagnosis in the report was the ICD-10 disease code: M05.X - seropositive @entity309 , or M06.X - other @entity309 . The number of @entity1 , gender and age were calculated based on the PESEL number provided in the statistical reports of the @entity1 with the analysed ICD-10 diagnosis. Urban and rural cases were compared using commune @entity10688 codes. The basis for classifying the @entity1 as a member of an urban or rural population was the @entity10688 Code of the declared place of residence. Urban and rural areas are classified based on administrative criteria provided by the Central Statistical Office: the National Official Register of Territorial Division of the Country (TERYT). RESULTS: During the studied period the number of @entity309 @entity1 increased from 173,844-230,892. In urban areas, the most @entity1 were recorded in the   l  skie Province, the least in Lubuskie Province. @entity1 from rural areas were approx. 1/3(rd) of the total population of @entity1 in Poland. In rural areas, the most @entity1 were recorded in the Mazowieckie Province, the least in Lubuskie Province. The morbidity rate in cities was 5.08 in 2008 and increased to 8.14 in 2012 in rural areas, respectively, it was 3.74 and increased to 3.98. Regardless of the place of residence the @entity1 fell ill 3.5 times more frequently. The lowest morbidity rate, both in @entity22550 , was recorded in the Lubuskie Province, the largest in   wi  tokrzyskie Province. The the most probable explanation of the highest morbidity rate in the latter province is a worse access to a rheumatologist: in this province there is the lowest number of inhabitants per one employed rheumatologist. CONCLUSION: In Poland, the number of @entity309 sufferers is increasing, which is probably a result of increasing life expectancy. In Poland, also exists a differences in morbidity between urban and rural inhabitants. Differences may also derive from undiagnosed cases of the disease.

title: Epidemiology of @entity309 ( XXXX ) in @entity22550 of Poland - 2008-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity22550 :: ('MESH:C538276', 'Disease') :: ['rural and urban areas']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['RA']


abstract: Using in situ hybridization, the expression of the mRNA for a neuropeptide Y ( @entity10969 ) receptor, was studied in lumbar (L) 4 and 5 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of normal @entity35 and at various intervals after unilateral sciatic nerve transection. Twenty percent of all normal DRG neurons were @entity10969 receptor mRNA-positive, and the majority of these neurons were of the small type, with only a few labelled medium-sized and large neurons. In L5 normal ganglia @entity10969 receptor mRNA colocalized with substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide and galanin mRNAs in small neurons, but not in medium-sized or large neurons containing these peptides. @entity10969 receptor mRNA was not observed in @entity1943 or @entity842 synthase mRNA-positive neurons. Sciatic nerve transection induced a marked decrease in @entity10969 receptor mRNA levels. However, in parallel there was a transient increase in the number of @entity10969 receptor mRNA-positive small neuron profiles, but the intensity of labelling was mostly very low, although a few strongly labelled, small neuron profiles were also encountered. In addition, axotomy caused a marked increase in the number of @entity10969 receptor mRNA-positive large neuron profiles in the ipsilateral DRGs, and they constituted 15-20% of counted DRG neuron profiles and 45-65% of counted large neuron profiles, 7-28 days after axotomy. In L5 DRGs, ipsilateral to the axotomy, @entity10969 receptor mRNA colocalized with @entity10969 mRNA in many large and some medium-sized neuron profiles, with galanin mRNA in some small, medium-sized and large neuron profiles and with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide mRNA in some small and medium-sized neuron profiles and a few large profiles. Occasionally, @entity10969 receptor mRNA was observed in @entity842 synthase mRNA-positive small neurons. In the dorsal horn, @entity10969 receptor mRNA-positive small neurons were concentrated in lamina II at L4 and L5 levels, and were scattered in deeper laminae. No marked changes were observed ipsilateral to the axotomy. No @entity10969 receptor mRNA-positive cells were found in the normal @entity35 gracile nucleus, or in this nucleus after axotomy. These results show that a @entity10969 receptor may be a prejunctional receptor in primary afferent neurons and play a role in the modulation of somatosensory information, both in normal and lesioned primary afferent DRG cells. However, axotomy induced a distinct shift in @entity10969 receptor mRNA expression from small to large neurons, indicating that sensitivity to @entity10969 is switched from one modality to another.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effect of peripheral axotomy on expression of neuropeptide Y receptor mRNA in XXXX lumbar dorsal root ganglia.

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of @entity566 to cockroaches ( @entity13377 and @entity564 ) in asthmatic and non-asthmatic @entity1 and to determine the degree of agreement between the skin prick test and serum specific IgE levels, as well as to establish the relationship between @entity566 and total IgE levels. METHODS: A case-control study involving 76 asthmatic and 42 non-asthmatic @entity1 aged between 6 and 14 years was conducted in Recife, Brazil. All individuals were submitted to the skin prick test and to the measurement of specific IgE for @entity13377 and @entity564 , as well as to the determination of total IgE concentration. RESULTS: Asthmatic @entity1 showed a higher frequency of positive skin reactions to @entity13377 (27.6 vs. 4.8%) and @entity564 (27.6 vs. 2.4%) than non-asthmatic ones. The agreement between the skin prick test and the specific IgE results was reasonable for @entity13377 (kappa = 0.25) and weak for @entity564 (kappa = 0.17). Those @entity1 who tested positive for cockroaches had a significantly higher geometric mean for total IgE than those who tested negative. The agreement between specific IgE and the skin prick test increased as total IgE levels rose, although some skin tests were negative even when total IgE levels were as high as 5000 kU/l. All determinations of cockroach-specific IgE were positive for total IgE levels greater than 2500 kU/l, even among asymptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Allergic sensitivity to cockroaches was a predictive factor for @entity565 severity. The skin prick test is more appropriate for the detection of clinically relevant sensitivity to cockroaches than specific IgE determination.

title: Use of the skin prick test and specific immunoglobulin E for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'cockroach allergy']

entities_list: @entity13377 :: ('6973', 'Species') :: ['Blattella germanica', 'B. germanica']

entities_list: @entity564 :: ('6978', 'Species') :: ['Periplaneta americana', 'P. americana']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['cockroach allergy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment measures and prognosis of @entity1725 ( @entity1725 ). METHODS: The clinical records and follow-up data of the @entity1 with @entity1725 were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression) was used to investigate the prognosis. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (twenty-two @entity1 , eleven @entity1 ) have a median interval between onset and definite diagnosis of 12 months with an average age of 50. The main clinical presentation includes bloating, abdominal mass and @entity1661 . A delay in diagnosis is common and many @entity1 are labeled as other diseases (84.8%). Positive results were often found in the assistant examinations such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity1820 markers (carcinoembryonic antigen, carcinomatous antigen 19-9 and so on), imaging (B ultrasound and computer tomography) and abdominal paracentesis which was usually unsuccessful. The most frequently practiced approach is debulking surgery with the main assistant means of chemotherapy which was lack of the uniform rationale. Benign type of pathological samples accounts for 66.7% of all, while mid-type 21.2% and malignant 12.1%. The general median survival time is 70 months with a follow-up rate of 79%. The pathological type and chemotherapy are main factors which influence the cumulative survival rate (P < 0.05). Up to the end of 2004, sixteen @entity1 died of various complications, @entity881 and severe @entity281 , while ten @entity1 survival and seven @entity1 lost. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1725 is a rare condition of borderline @entity5 with its unique clinical and pathological characteristics. @entity1820 markers, imaging and abdominal paracentesis are very important to the diagnosis. The existing treatment measures need to be improved further. The pathological type and chemotherapy are main factors which influence the prognosis.

title: [The clinical and pathological characteristics and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity1725 :: ('MESH:D011553', 'Disease') :: ['PMP', 'pseudomyxoma peritonei']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal tumor', 'gastrointestinal tumor']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1725 :: (MESH:D011553,Disease) :: ['pseudomyxoma peritonei']


abstract: We experienced anesthetic management of a 2 year-old @entity1 with @entity5599 . She had received respiratory support for 6 months from the birth. As soon as we induced general anesthesia, she had a @entity1910 . We suspected that this rash was caused by @entity56 to the latex-containing facemask. We stopped anesthesia and postponed operation. After a month, operation was performed under general anesthesia using latex-free anesthetic circuit and equipments. Perioperative course was uneventful. Since the first report in 1979, the number of @entity1 with @entity2144 has progressively been increasing. It has been reported that @entity2144 occurs in @entity1 considered at high risk for @entity2144 including @entity1 with @entity3570 , @entity790 and @entity483 , and in health care workers and rubber industry workers. If @entity1 suspected of having @entity2144 undergo surgical procedures, anesthesiologists must check @entity1 ' past history and possibility of chronic exposure to latex products. In these cases, preoperative preparation is essential and thorough precaution should also be taken to avoid life-threatening @entity56 .

title: [A case of @entity2144 caused by XXXX to the latex-containing facemask].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5599 :: ('MESH:D010855', 'Disease') :: ['Pierre-Robin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital abnormalities']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anti-angiogenic @entity2857 is the only approved systemic therapy for advanced @entity157 ( @entity157 ). However, acquired resistance limits its efficacy. An emerging theory to explain intrinsic resistance to other anti-angiogenic drugs is 'vessel co-option,' ie, the ability of @entity5 to hijack the existing vasculature in organs such as the lungs or liver, thus limiting the need for sprouting angiogenesis. Vessel co-option has not been evaluated as a potential mechanism for acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic agents. METHODS: To study @entity2857 resistance mechanisms, we used an orthotopic @entity1 @entity157 model (n   =   4-11 per group), where @entity5 cells are tagged with a secreted protein biomarker to monitor disease burden and response to therapy. Histopathology, vessel perfusion assessed by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and miRNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to monitor changes in @entity5 biology. RESULTS: While @entity2857 initially inhibited angiogenesis and stabilized @entity5 growth, no angiogenic 'rebound' effect was observed during development of resistance unless therapy was stopped. Instead, resistant @entity5 became more locally infiltrative, which facilitated extensive incorporation of liver parenchyma and the co-option of liver-associated vessels. Up to 75% (  10.9%) of total vessels were provided by vessel co-option in resistant @entity5 relative to 23.3% (  10.3%) in untreated controls. miRNA sequencing implicated pro-invasive signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition during resistance development while functional imaging further supported a shift from angiogenesis to vessel co-option. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first documentation of vessel co-option as a mechanism of acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy and could have important implications including the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting vessel co-option in conjunction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling.

title: Co-option of Liver Vessels and Not Sprouting Angiogenesis Drives Acquired @entity2857 Resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib', 'Sorafenib']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of timing and sequence of @entity221 on fractionated radiotherapy, since it has been shown that the heat increases the size of @entity519 cell fraction which could affect the effect of subsequent radiation doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity5 were early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous @entity1492 , FSa-II, in C3Hf/Sed @entity19 . @entity5 response was studied by @entity5 growth time and TCD50 (50% @entity5 control dose) assays. The @entity5 growth time is the time required for one-half of the treated @entity5 to reach 500 mm3 from the first treatment day. The TCD50 is a radiation dose to control one-half of the treated @entity5 for 120 days following treatments. One heat treatment at 43.5 degrees C for 45 min was given in a water bath in combination with fractionated doses independently (24 hr interval) or simultaneously (2 min interval). For the normal tissue study, the @entity19 foot was treated, and the acute foot reaction was scored daily and averaged. The late foot reaction was scored in animals used in the TCD50 assay that developed no recurrence for 120 days. The RD50(2.0) and RD50(5.0), or total radiation doses to induce an average score of 2.0 (complete epilation) and 5.0 (partial foot atrophy) in 50% of treated animals, were calculated. RESULTS: Thermal radiosensitization was most prominent when heat was combined simultaneously with the first or last radiation dose in both the @entity5 growth time and TCD50 assays. However, the thermal enhancement was greatest when heat was given either with the first or last radiation dose in the TCD50 assay; whereas it was greatest when heat was administered with the last radiation dose in the @entity5 growth time assay. Both acute and late skin reactions were significantly potentiated by heat administered 24 hr before the first radiation dose. CONCLUSION: A significant observation in this study was that, in both the @entity5 growth time and TCD50 assays, heat given independently or simultaneously did not result in any therapeutic gain compared to the radiation alone treatment.

title: Timing and sequence of @entity221 in fractionated radiotherapy of a XXXX @entity1492 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Animal-tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: recently, Olympus developed a new prototype (XCF-Q180AY2L) with @entity6372 ( @entity6372 ), which besides the still known variable stiffness technology, included a passive bending section and a new high force insertion tube. Our objective was to investigate whether the use of this prototype could ease colonoscope insertion, increasing the cecal intubation rate, and/or shortening the cecal intubation time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the study was designed as a prospective observational study in 305 consecutive @entity1 from a @entity5 screening program. We compared colonoscopies performed with conventional colonoscopes (CFH180AL/CFQ160L) with those performed with the prototype XCF-Q180AY2L. End points were mean cecal and terminal ileal intubation times, cecum intubation rate, and need for specific maneuvers. All colonoscopies were performedunder sedation with intravenous @entity1875 . Finally, 288 @entity1 were included. RESULTS: no complications were observed. Complete cecal intubation rate was 100 % in both groups. The ileum could be reached in 98.95 % of cases. Mean time required to reach the cecum was shorter in the prototype endoscope group (4.31 min, SD 2.63 min) than in the conventional endoscope group (4.66 min, SD 2.52 min) (p < 0.05). Compared with the standard colonoscope group, we observed in the prototype group less subjective sensation of difficultyin the passage of the sigma (p < 0.01), fewer maneuvers when it proved necessary to straighten the scope (p < 0.01), and less frequent need to modify the stiffness of the endoscope (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: we concluded that the prototype endoscope (XCFQ180AY2L) facilitated colonoscope insertion, requiring slightly less time to reach the cecum than a standard colonoscope.

title: Comparative study of a @entity6372 ( XXXX ) colonoscope versus a variable-stiffness colonoscope.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['RIT', 'responsive insertion technology']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['colo-rectal cancer']

answer: @entity6372 :: (MESH:C538007,Disease) :: ['RIT']


abstract: Our purpose was to evaluate the efficacy of level two ultrasound screening for the detection of @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) in a low-risk population by using three standardized cuts. Within a period of four years a total of 6727 pregnant @entity1 of a low-risk population undertook several ultrasound examinations on the basis of screening for fetal @entity600 . All ultrasound examinations were performed by three experienced doctors. At every single scan three standardized cuts (apical and lateral four-chamber view, crossing over of the great arteries) were obtained in order to detect @entity4297 . Of 87 CHDs (1.33 per cent of the examined @entity1 ) 39 (43.8 per cent) were diagnosed prenatally. The detection rate was 10/48 (20.8 per cent) in the presence of VSD, @entity15774 or combined @entity15774 + VSD, the detection rate was 29/39 (74.3 per cent) in the presence of other forms of @entity299 . None of the 38 missed cases in the first group but three of the ten missed CHDs in the second group had emergency neonatological problems. @entity600 existed in 22/87 cases of @entity4297 . The obstetrical management was changed in nearly all cases after the diagnosis of a @entity4297 . Twenty-two @entity1 opted for termination of pregnancy because of @entity2241 or chromosomal defects. Five @entity1 were transferred prenatally to a tertiary centre for neonatal cardiac surgery. Ten deliveries were performed in the presence of a neonatologist. Good detection rates for @entity4297 can be achieved in a low-risk population on the basis of level two ultrasound screening by using the above mentioned three cuts and thus, the perinatal mortality and morbidity can be improved.

title: Detection of fetal XXXX in a low-risk population.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'Aneuploidy and/or other malformations']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['additional fetal malformations']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with multiple saline-perfused electrodes is a minimally invasive alternative to archive large coagulation zones. Few long-term results have been published so far. This is a report of our long-term experience using multiple saline-perfused electrodes for the treatment of @entity99 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity157 ( @entity157 ) or liver metastases of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) (17 @entity14 , 21 @entity157 ) with a total of 56 @entity5 (26 @entity14 , 30 @entity157 ) were treated with the Integra HiTT 106 RF generator using multiple saline-perfused electrodes. Mean size was 42 mm for @entity157 and 36 mm for @entity14 . Follow-up examinations took place after 2 days and 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after RFA and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: We performed 2.6 (2.7 @entity14 , 2.4 @entity157 ) sessions per @entity1 . Major complications occurred in 2% of @entity1 . Ninety-two percent (35/38) were treated technically successfully. Local @entity5 progression was found in 8 @entity1 out of 35 (22% overall, 21% @entity157 , 25% @entity14 ). For @entity157 , 43% of @entity1 suffered distant intrahepatic recurrence. One- and two-year survival for @entity157 @entity1 was 71% and 58%. ( @entity1 -Pugh status A, one- and two-year survival was 90% and 80%; @entity1 status B, 35% and 18%). For @entity14 , 11 of 17 (65%) @entity1 suffered distant intrahepatic recurrence. One- and two-year survival for @entity14 @entity1 was 94% and 86%. CONCLUSIONS: RFA using multiple saline-perfused electrodes shows results in the treatment of @entity96 comparable with other established ablation techniques.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of XXXX using multiple saline-perfused electrodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hepatic tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver tumors']


abstract: Local @entity602 are often greatly enlarged by secondary damage, a process which leads to massive additional cell death. This process is poorly understood. In order to investigate which types of cells could play a role in increasing the size of the lesion, we have analysed the events occurring at @entity35 spinal cord lesion sites from 1 h to 3 months after partial transection using cell type-specific markers. One hour after transection, the lesion site was small and corresponded to the zone of primary mechanical damage. @entity1503 and an opening of the blood-brain barrier occurred. Rapidly thereafter, at 3 and 6 h, an area of secondary cell death developed around the zone of the @entity75 . This secondary cell death, which was probably largely of the necrotic type, affected neurons, macroglia and microglial cells indiscriminately. It was virtually complete at 12 h. Recruitment of inflammatory cells followed a time course which lagged behind that of secondary cell death. Adhesion of neutrophils to the inside of blood vessels was observed at 3 h. They appeared in large numbers at 6 h at the site of the @entity75 , but not yet in the area of secondary cell death. They were numerous throughout the lesion site at 24 h and then disappeared rapidly. Proliferation and recruitment of macrophages and microglial cells became predominant 2 days after injury. Their density was highest within the lesion site between 4 and 8 days. Very few astrocytes were present in the lesion site during the first week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Secondary cell death and the inflammatory reaction after dorsal hemisection of the XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Extravasation of blood']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Considerable controversy exists regarding the ability to predict the biologic behavior of Hurthle cell @entity5 . Some have found the clinicopathologic criteria used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions to be unreliable and have advocated total thyroidectomy for all Hurthle cell neoplasms. From January 1980 to December 1995, 39 @entity1 had surgery for Hurthle cell @entity5 of the thyroid. The surgical pathologic findings were reviewed by an experienced pathologist ( @entity6223 ). Eight @entity1 had histologic findings of capsular or vascular invasion consistent with @entity189 and had total thyroidectomy. Four of these @entity1 had postoperative evidence of @entity66 and were treated by radiation ablation. No evidence of invasion was found in 31 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity652 . Twenty-three of these @entity1 had unilateral lobectomy; total thyroidectomy was done in the remaining 8 @entity1 , 5 of whom were found to have an associated @entity1377 at the time of operation. There were no operative deaths or significant morbidity. Twenty-two @entity652 (71%) were found in females, whereas males had @entity5 in 6 of 8 cases (P = 0.025). The mean age of @entity652 @entity1 is 54.1 years, and that of the @entity189 @entity1 is 55.8 years. Mean size of @entity5 was 2.8 cm and of @entity5 4.1 cm (P = 0.04). Four of seven (57%) @entity189 were larger than 4 cm as compared with 6 of 30 (20%) @entity652 (P = 0.069). Follow-up has ranged from 1 month to 15 years, with a mean of 3.2 years. There have been no deaths, and no @entity1 with @entity652 have had evidence of recurrence or @entity3 during follow-up. Our data suggest that @entity189 @entity1 tend to be male and @entity5 size is larger. An association was found when trying to predict @entity5 by using 4 cm as a threshold size. We conclude that pathologic evidence of capsular or angioinvasion can accurately differentiate benign from @entity5 . Unilateral thyroid lobectomy is adequate therapy for the treatment of @entity652 , with total thyroidectomy reserved for those @entity1 with histologically proven @entity189 .

title: Unilateral lobectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Hurthle cell adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Hurthle cell adenoma']


abstract: AIM: @entity413 transporter 1 @entity465 ( @entity1365 ) is an important condition for the general paediatrician's differential armamentarium. We describe a case series of eight @entity1 in order to raise awareness of this treatable @entity558 . The diagnosis of @entity1365 is suggested by a decreased absolute cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity413 value (<2.2 mmol/L) or lowered CSF: plasma @entity413 ratio (<0.4). METHODS: This is a review of eight Queensland @entity1 with @entity1365 . The clinical presentation, clinical course, laboratory investigations and treatment outcomes are discussed. RESULTS: The clinical features noted in our @entity1 cohort include combinations of @entity2055 , @entity245 and a severe @entity410 disorder that is refractory to anticonvulsant medications. @entity410 are the most common clinical manifestation and may be exacerbated by @entity109 . The paired CSF: plasma @entity413 results ranged from 0.2 to 0.39 (normal <0.6) with an average of 0.33. @entity10546 uptake and @entity1365 Genotyping analysis have been performed on five @entity1 thus far. Rapid and impressive @entity410 control was observed in 100% of our @entity1 once the ketogenic diet was instituted, with half of the cohort being able to wean completely from anticonvulsants. CONCLUSION: @entity1 presenting with a clinical phenotype consisting of a @entity302 , @entity2055 and @entity245 should prompt the consideration of @entity413 transporter 1 @entity465 . While the diagnostic test of lumbar puncture is an invasive manoeuvre, the diagnosis provides a viable treatment option, the ketogenic diet. @entity1365 -DS displays clinical heterogeneity, but the value of early diagnosis and treatment is demonstrated by our @entity1 cohort.

title: XXXX , @entity2055 , @entity245 and the general paediatrician: @entity413 transporter 1 @entity465 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['neurometabolic condition']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures']

entities_list: @entity10546 :: ('MESH:D019325', 'Chemical') :: ['3-O-Methyl-D-Glucose']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory seizure disorder']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizures']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is used to evaluate the ambulatory capacity of @entity1 suffering from @entity1576 , @entity28 or @entity4094 . Our primary aim was to evaluate the effects of the 6MWT on the postural sway and the @entity3681 forces in healthy subjects. We measured the @entity1411 area before and after a 6MWT in normal weight and overweight subjects with no history of respiratory, cardiac, and @entity4094 . A post-6MWT sensation of bodily fatigue was evaluated by Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI) and Pichot fatigue scales. A computerized pedobarographic platform was used to collect the mean plantar contact area, the changes of the center of pressure (CoP) surface and its medial and lateral deviations. In a limited number of subjects, the reproducibility of all the measurements was explored. In both groups, the 6MWT elicited a sensation of bodily fatigue. It also significantly reduced the @entity3681 forces, and increased both the mean plantar contact area and the CoP surface, the changes being not apparent after 10min. The post-6MWT lateral CoP deviations were accentuated in normal weight subjects, while an increase in medial CoP deviations occurred in overweight ones. The 6MWT-induced changes in the plantar flexion force and pedobarographic variables were reproducible. Because this study clearly showed some post-6MWT alterations of the subjects' posture sway of our subjects, we questioned the possible mechanisms occurring that could explain the altered muscle force and the transient destabilization of posture after the 6MWT.

title: Effect of the 6-minute walk test on plantar loading and capability to produce XXXX forces.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'neuromuscular disorders']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['ankle plantar flexion forces and the plantar contact']

answer: @entity3681 :: (MESH:D016512,Disease) :: ['ankle plantar flexion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the extent of genomic DNA damage and killing of lymphocytes by reactive @entity26 intermediates in @entity792 . METHODS: @entity20821 ( @entity20821 ), a promutagenic DNA lesion induced by reactive @entity26 intermediates, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with electrochemical detection, in hydrolysates of DNA which had been extracted from lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leucocyte fractions of @entity1 blood. In addition, @entity1 primary blood lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A were assayed for @entity137 induced by @entity273 on day 0, by assessing cell proliferation during seven days of culture. RESULTS: Constitutive @entity20821 was detectable (mean (2 SEM) moles @entity20821 /10(6) moles @entity16614 ) in DNA isolated from normal @entity1 blood lymphocytes (68 (8), n = 26) and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (118 (24), n = 24). Lymphocyte DNA from donors with the following inflammatory @entity792 contained significantly higher levels of @entity20821 than that from healthy donors: @entity309 (98 (16)), @entity1252 (137 (28)), @entity1333 (100 (32)), and Beh  et's disease (92 (19)). Lymphocyte @entity20821 levels in non-autoimmune controls and @entity1 with @entity2631 were not significantly different from those of healthy controls. The levels of @entity20821 were significantly higher in the DNA from normal polymorphonuclear leucocytes than in paired DNA samples from normal lymphocytes, but there were no differences between levels of @entity20821 in polymorphonuclear leucocytes from normal subjects and the @entity1 studied. Levels of @entity20821 did not correlate with disease duration, disease severity, or age. Lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity1252 and @entity309 , but not those with @entity2631 , also showed cellular hypersensitivity to the toxic effects of @entity273 . CONCLUSION: There was increased genomic DNA damage, and increased susceptibility to @entity137 killing by @entity273 , in lymphocytes from @entity1 with certain @entity792 . These results might be explained by defective repair of DNA damage or by increased production of reactive @entity26 intermediates in @entity32 . Although more direct studies are needed, the evidence available favours the former explanation.

title: Oxidative DNA damage and cellular sensitivity to oxidative stress in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ['8-Oxo-7-hydrodeoxyguanosine', '8-oxodG']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity16614 :: ('MESH:D003849', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the medical and functional outcome of paediatric @entity64 survivors. @entity1 : @entity1 aged 1 month to 18 years diagnosed with @entity64 over a 10 year period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Discharge functional outcome data were collected by reviewing therapy, nursing, and other chart notes relating to specific functional tasks. Current functional information, living situation, school placement, and medical outcome data were obtained in the telephone survey. RESULTS: Fifty @entity1 responded. The mean age at event was 8.0 years (range: 7 months to 17 years, 7 months). The mean follow-up time was 70 months. Diagnoses included: @entity548 (30%), @entity6650 (46%), and undiagnosed (24%). At follow-up, 76% of the @entity1 were independent in all activities of daily living (ADL), compared to 64% at hospital discharge. Younger age at onset, female gender, history of @entity299 , and presentation with @entity1269 were significant risk factors for @entity734 in ADL (p < 0.05), while @entity6650 aetiology demonstrated a trend (p = 0.06). Eighty-four per cent were independent in mobility, compared to 74% at discharge. Forty per cent of the @entity1 had speech and @entity51 . Of the school age @entity1 , only 50% were in a regular classroom. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and adolescents who survive @entity64 have good outcome for mobility and ADL skills, but more difficulty with language and cognitive recovery. Functional recovery is maintained after discharge, and functional gains occur over time with very little evidence of functional regression. Comorbidities are relatively low. All @entity1 in the group returned to a home setting.

title: Functional outcome of paediatric XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity6650 :: ('MESH:D016769', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic/embolic']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The present study assessed the effects of 40 min of tail shock stress (1-s shock, 0.2 mA every 30 s) on @entity8 in swim-trained (T), water-immersed (IM), and untrained (UT) borderline @entity101 @entity35 (BHR). T BHR swam for 2 h/day 5 days/wk for 10-12 wk, whereas IM BHR on the same schedule were placed in water at neck level and were not permitted to swim. Age-matched sedentary controls were paired one each with the exercise group (group 1) and the immersion group (group 2). Heart rate was significantly greater in UT than in T BHR (P = 0.09) during baseline (rest). Heart rate responses during stress were not different between UT and IM BHR (group 2). @entity551 during stress and recovery were not different between UT BHR and T or IM BHR. Urine flow rate was significantly increased from baseline during the first 20 min of stress in UT and IM BHR only. Changes in glomerular filtration rate were not consistent across studies. Renal blood flow decreased significantly from baseline during tail shock stress in UT but not T BHR. Plasma @entity413 levels were significantly increased above baseline during the second 20 min of stress in UT BHR only and were significantly greater than those in the T BHR. Plasma insulin levels in UT BHR were significantly decreased from baseline during tail shock stress and recovery but were unchanged from baseline in T BHR. These observations suggest that swim training independent of water immersion alters the effect that stress exerts on @entity8 in BHR, which results in better fluid and electrolyte conservation in T BHR.

title: Swim training alters renal and cardiovascular responses to stress in borderline XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal and cardiovascular function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Three enterotoxins from the @entity1678 diarrheal isolate SSU have been molecularly characterized in our laboratory. One of these enterotoxins is cytotoxic in nature, whereas the other two are cytotonic enterotoxins, one of them heat labile and the other heat stable. Earlier, by developing an isogenic mutant, we demonstrated the role of a cytotoxic enterotoxin in causing @entity281 in @entity19 . In the present study, we evaluated the role of these three enterotoxins in evoking @entity294 in a @entity19 model by developing various combinations of enterotoxin gene-deficient mutants by marker-exchange mutagenesis. A total of six isogenic mutants were prepared in a cytotoxic enterotoxin gene (act)-positive or -negative background strain of A. hydrophila. We developed two single knockouts with truncation in either the heat-labile (alt) or the heat-stable (ast) cytotonic enterotoxin gene; three double knockouts with truncations of genes encoding (i) alt and ast, (ii) act and alt, and (iii) act and ast genes; and a triple-knockout mutant with truncation in all three genes, act, alt, and ast. The identity of these isogenic mutants developed by double-crossover homologous recombination was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that the expression of different enterotoxin genes in the mutants was correspondingly abrogated. We tested the biological activity of these mutants in a diet-restricted and antibiotic-treated @entity19 model with a ligated ileal loop assay. Our data indicated that all of these mutants had significantly reduced capacity to evoke fluid secretion compared to that of wild-type A. hydrophila; the triple-knockout mutant failed to induce any detectable level of fluid secretion. The biological activity of selected A. hydrophila mutants was restored after complementation. Taken together, we have established a role for three enterotoxins in A. hydrophila-induced @entity1902 in a @entity19 model with the greatest contribution from the cytotoxic enterotoxin Act, followed by the Alt and Ast cytotonic enterotoxins.

title: Role of various enterotoxins in XXXX -induced @entity1902 : generation of enterotoxin gene-deficient mutants and evaluation of their enterotoxic activity.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

answer: @entity1678 :: (644,Species) :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of @entity1 with @entity924 treated with platelet-rich plasma injections (PRP). Additionally, this study examined whether certain characteristics, such as activity level or previous treatment affected the results. METHODS: @entity1 (n = 36) were asked to fill in the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment - Patellar questionnaire (VISA-P) and visual analogue scales (VAS), assessing @entity158 in activities of daily life (ADL), during work and sports, before and after treatment with @entity14672 . Of these @entity1 , 14 had been treated before with @entity821 , @entity5324 , and/or surgical treatment (group 1), while the remaining @entity1 had not been treated before (group 2). RESULTS: Overall, group 1 and group 2 improved significantly on the VAS scales (p < .0.05). However, group 2 also improved on VISA-P (p = .0.003), while group 1 showed less healing potential (p = 0.060). Although the difference between group 1 and group 2 at follow-up was not considered clinically meaningful, over time both groups showed a clinically significant improvement. CONCLUSION: After PRP treatment, @entity1 with @entity924 showed a statistically significant improvement. In addition, these improvements can also be considered clinically meaningful. However, @entity1 who were not treated before with @entity5324 , @entity821 , and/or surgical treatment showed the improvement.

title: @entity158 and activity levels before and after platelet-rich plasma injection treatment of XXXX : a prospective cohort study and the influence of previous treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['patellar tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['ethoxysclerol']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['patellar tendinopathy']


abstract: Background and aims: @entity5 is the second most common @entity5 in @entity1 and accounts for 50%-70% of the total @entity5 mortality in India. @entity983 is a @entity5 suppressor gene that plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and survival. Promoter hypermethylation of the @entity983 gene has been reported in many @entity5 . However, little is known about the association between promoter methylation and @entity957 ( @entity957 ). Therefore, we aimed to detect the role of @entity983 hypermethylation in @entity957 @entity1 in the Indian population.    Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from 100 fresh @entity5 specimens and was subjected to @entity9736 conversion. Methylation-specific PCR was employed on the converted DNA to investigate the methylation status.    Results: Of the total cases examined for @entity983 promoter methylation we found that 35% were positive and 65% were negative. When evaluated in connection with @entity5 differentiation it was found that 82% of poorly differentiated, 24% of moderately differentiated and 32% of well differentiated @entity957 samples were methylated. Methylation was further correlated with @entity1 age, sex and @entity5 grade. Interestingly, we found that @entity1 age and grade of differentiation were significantly associated with @entity983 promoter methylation (p=0.05 and 0.0019, respectively) while sex was not (p=0.9).   Conclusions: The present study underlines the importance of @entity983 hypermethylation among Indian @entity957 @entity1 .

title: Aberrant promoter methylation of @entity983 gene among Indian    XXXX with @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral tumor', 'cancer', 'Oral cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity41733 ( @entity41733 )- @entity10182 ( @entity10182 ) system is essential for cytoprotection against oxidative and electrophilic insults. Under unstressed conditions, @entity41733 serves as an adaptor for ubiquitin E3 ligase and promotes proteasomal degradation of @entity10182 , but @entity10182 is stabilized when @entity41733 is inactivated under oxidative/electrophilic stress conditions. Autophagy-deficient @entity19 show aberrant accumulation of @entity18133 , a multifunctional scaffold protein, and develop severe @entity409 . The @entity18133 accumulation disrupts the @entity41733 - @entity10182 association and provokes @entity10182 stabilization and accumulation. However, individual contributions of @entity18133 and @entity10182 to the autophagy-deficiency-driven liver pathogenesis have not been clarified. To examine whether @entity10182 caused the @entity99 independent of @entity18133 , we crossed liver-specific @entity30527 :: @entity41733 - @entity14415 double-mutant @entity19 into @entity18133 - and @entity10182 -null backgrounds. Although @entity30527 :: @entity41733 - @entity14415 :: @entity18133 (-/-) triple-mutant @entity19 displayed defective autophagy accompanied by the robust accumulation of @entity10182 and severe @entity99 , @entity30527 :: @entity41733 - @entity14415 :: @entity10182 (-/-) triple-mutant @entity19 did not show any signs of @entity16 . Importantly, in this study we noticed that @entity41733 accumulated in the @entity30527 - or @entity18133 -deficient @entity19 livers and the @entity41733 level did not change by a proteasome inhibitor, indicating that the @entity41733 protein is constitutively degraded through the autophagy pathway. This finding is in clear contrast to the @entity10182 degradation through the proteasome pathway. We also found that treatment of cells with @entity45070 accelerated the @entity41733 degradation. These results thus indicate that @entity10182 accumulation is the dominant cause to provoke the @entity409 in the autophagy-deficient @entity19 . The autophagy pathway maintains the integrity of the @entity41733 - @entity10182 system for the normal liver function by governing the @entity41733 turnover.

title: XXXX degradation by autophagy for the maintenance of redox homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity41733 :: ('50868(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1', 'Keap1']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['such hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity45070 :: ('MESH:C018855', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butylhydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity41733 :: (50868(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Keap1']


abstract: This article reports our experiences treating soft tissue and @entity79 in the lower extremity with free flaps. One of the most common causes for @entity1746 are high-energy injuries. These kinds of injuries contain soft tissue and bone @entity531 . The rate of infection and nonunion is very high in these injuries. Between 1988 and 1996, we applied 33 flaps to 28 @entity1 . The numbers and kinds of the free flaps are as follows: 12 latissimus dorsi, nine radial forearm, seven lateral arm, three vascularised fibula grafts with skin, one gracilis, and one @entity4957 . Three free flaps were lost (12%). The success rate is 88%. The advantage of free flaps is that they allow the reconstruction of the large defects in one-session operations. Thus, they decrease the rate of infection and increase that of nonunion. The @entity1 returns to his active life at an earlier stage.

title: Reconstruction of soft tissue and XXXX in lower extremity with free flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['medial plantar flap']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity wounds']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['defects beyond neurovascular complications']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Parenteral nutrition-associated @entity1448 (PNAC) and @entity409 have been associated with @entity1460 oil-based intravenous fat emulsions (IVFEs). The benefit of fish oil-based IVFEs in the reversal of @entity3147 ( @entity3147 )-associated @entity409 includes allowing for longer @entity3147 duration without immediate need for bowel or liver transplantation. METHODS: The present case involves an @entity1 born with @entity5277 ( @entity5277 ) requiring long-term @entity3147 with development of PNAC and subsequent administration of a fish oil-based IVFE. RESULTS: An @entity1 born with @entity5277 was initiated on @entity3147 and enteral feeds. After failed enteral progression, bowel lengthening by serial transverse enteroplasty (STEP) resulted in @entity86 with delayed enteral feeding for 4 weeks. The administration of long-term @entity3147 led to development of PNAC, resulting in initiation of a fish oil-based IVFE. After 4 months, the @entity1448 had resolved. Despite the STEP, at 16 months, the @entity1 required bowel tapering due to inability to advance enteral feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil-based IVFE was effectively used to reverse PNAC in a @entity1 with @entity5277 . Despite early STEP, the @entity1 was not able to tolerate enteral feedings and required bowel tapering. This case illustrates that early surgical intervention did not allow for improved feed tolerance. This resulted in a significant period without enteral nutrition, leading to development of @entity1448 . The use of fish oil-based IVFE may permit a longer duration of @entity3147 administration without the development of @entity1448 or @entity409 , allowing for longer time for bowel adaptation prior to the need for surgical intervention.

title: Improvement in Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Cholestasis With the Use of Omegaven in an XXXX With @entity5277 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['SBS', 'short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Infant']


abstract: The aim of this study was to formulate and systematically evaluate in vitro and in vivo @entity1534 (Hp) efficacy of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs). CS NPs were prepared by the polymerid dispersion method. The in vitro anti-Hp effect of concentration, pH and deacetylation degree of CS NP solutions was detected. Then, 60 BALB/c @entity19 were randomly divided into 3 groups and Hp-infected @entity19 were established by inoculating with Hp strain. Thereafter that, @entity19 in different groups received PBS, CS solution of CS NP solution intragastrically, twice daily for 14 consecutive days. Four weeks after the last administration, the @entity19 were killed and part of the gastric mucosa was embedded in @entity982 , cut into sections and assayed with Giemsa staining. Part of the gastric mucosa was used to quantitatively culture Hp. At pH 4-6, the anti-Hp effect of CS NP solution had a negative correlation with pH value (P < 0.01), and the optimal pH value was 4; there was a significant difference in anti-Hp effect between 88.5% deacelytation degree (DD88.5) CS NP and 95% deacelytation degree (DD95) CS NP (P < 0.05-0.01). The anti-Hp effect ranked from high to low, i.e., from DD95 CS NP to DD88.5 CS NP; the anti-Hp effect of DD88.5 CS NP and DD95 CS NP showed no difference within between 5 and 20 g/l (P > 0.05). The Hp eradication rate was 0, 55 and 75%, respectively, among the three groups (P < 0.01) and the Hp colonized density in the control group and CS group was significantly higher than that in the CS NP group (P < 0.01, 0.05). These results suggest that CS NP improves the anti-Hp efficacy of CS in vitro or in vivo and has the potential to kill Hp directly.

title: Preparation and evaluation of anti- XXXX @entity1534 efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to analyze the clinical feature of @entity703 (RUT) associated with @entity150 ( @entity150 ) with special reference to risk factors of subsequently recurrent @entity150 . METHODS: Of the 49 @entity1 with RUT who underwent surgery and were diagnosed pathologically as @entity1606 at the Department of Urology, Osaka National Hospital from April 1986 to October 1996, 20 @entity1 (40.8%) had associated BTs. These @entity1 were categorized to the following 4 groups, Group 1: 5 @entity1 with @entity150 preceding RUT, Group 2: 5 @entity1 with concomitant @entity150 , Group 3: 10 @entity1 with subsequent @entity150 following RUT operation and Group 4: 29 @entity1 without any associated @entity150 . The clinical course of these 4 groups were studied and compared with each other retrospectively. RESULTS: In group 1, the first BTs preceded RUTs by 19 to 81 months (mean 54.6 months). And during this relatively long period, the preceding BTs were treated by TUR for each recurrence, 1 to 9 times (mean 5.2 times). Two of 5 were bilateral RUT cases, which were observed only in this group. In group 2, the prognosis were relatively poor (5-year survival rate: 0%), because all RUTs of this group were high stage. And also the concomitant BTs were showing invasive feature during the observation period, despite they were superficial at first. Thus 3 of 5 underwent radical cystectomy. On the other hand, in group 3, the subsequent BTs, which developed at 2 to 26 month (mean 13.4 month) after RUT operation, were all superficial and resectable by TUR. The 5-year disease specific survival rate was 50% in group 1, 0% in group 2, 63.5% in group 3, 64.9% in group 4. Group 2 had the most poor prognosis. However there was no significant difference in prognosis among the 4 groups. Incidence of preoperative urine positive cytology was significantly higher in group 3, than in group 4 (87.5% vs. 44.8%). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the RUTs with associated BTs have distinct clinical features depending on the sequence of association with the BTs. Especially the RUTs with concomitant BTs should be watched carefully as a high risk group with poor prognosis and possible development of invasive BTs. Positive urine cytology prior to RUT operation may reflect biological activity of @entity5 cell for dissemination in the lower urinary tract and we suggested preoperative urine cytology was possible predictor of subsequently recurrent BTs after RUT operation in this study.

title: [A clinical study on XXXX associated with @entity150 with special reference to risk factors of subsequently recurrent @entity150 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'BT']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal pelvic and/or ureteral tumor']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal pelvic and ureteral tumor']


abstract: The @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel (KATP channel) has been implicated in the mechanism underlying ischaemic preconditioning protection. This study based on @entity1 atrium compared the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning with pre-operative @entity7976 (a KATP channel opener with @entity1507 actions). We also examined the added effect of ischaemic preconditioning to that of @entity7976 on ischaemic protection. The protective effects of other KATP channel openers devoid of @entity1507 actions were also examined. Atrial trabeculae harvested from @entity1 undergoing routine myocardial revascularisation were divided on the basis of whether @entity1 had been ingesting @entity7976 orally preoperatively. Trabeculae were superfused with oxygenated Tyrode's solution and following stabilisation underwent 90 minutes simulated ischaemia followed by 120 minutes reoxygenation (n = 6 per group). Atrial trabeculae exposed to @entity7976 underwent either no treatment (N), or ischaemic preconditioning (N + PC) using 3 minutes simulated ischaemia and 7 minutes reoxygenation prior to the 90 minutes simulated ischaemia. Similarly trabeculae not exposed to @entity7976 underwent either no treatment, controls (C), or ischaemic preconditioning (PC). The experimental endpoint was recovery of contractile function presented as percentage baseline function. Further groups were examined using other KATP channels openers with and without ischaemic preconditioning. In the control group, following 120 minutes reoxygentation the recovery of function reached 28.8 +/- 3.5%. In contrast, exposure to @entity7976 alone improved recovery of function (55.5% +/- 5.3) to a similar extent as PC (55.3% +/- 2.5) when compared to controls (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The addition of ischaemic preconditioning to @entity7976 exposure abolished protection (29.7% +/- 3.1 ). Findings were confirmed using the other KATP channels openers. Clinically available @entity7976 appears to afford ischaemic protection to isolated @entity1 atrial muscle. The addition of a short ischaemic episode to @entity7976 exposure seems to completely abolish this protection. Although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown, we believe that this observation may have clinical implications.

title: Ischaemic preconditioning may abolish the protection afforded by @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel openers in isolated XXXX atrial muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Members of the Notch gene family have been shown to play an important role in the control of cell fate in many developmental systems. We hypothesized that the fate of the male germ line stem cells may also be mediated through the Notch signaling pathway. We therefore sought to determine whether the components of the Notch pathway are expressed in the @entity19 testis. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of three Notch receptors ( @entity5234 , @entity5235 , and @entity5238 ), Notch ligands ( @entity5239 , @entity30732 , and @entity13186 ), and @entity20933 ( @entity20933 ) in neonatal @entity19 testis. We then examined their cellular localization by immunohistochemical analysis of cocultures of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The 3 Notch receptors were found to be expressed in spermatogonia. Sertoli cells expressed only @entity5235 receptor. Among the Notch ligands, @entity13186 and @entity5239 were localized exclusively in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, respectively. @entity20933 was apparent in both spermatogonia and Sertoli cells. The presence of Notch receptors and Notch ligands in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells indicates that these cells are capable of responding to and eliciting Notch signaling during the process of spermatogenesis. Key words: Cell fate, delta, jagged, presenilin, spermatogenesis.

title: Expression of Notch pathway components in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells of neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trial (MSLT-I) demonstrated that the @entity1817 ( @entity1817 ) status in @entity320 affects prognosis and that completion lymphadenectomy in @entity1817 -positive @entity1 may improve survival. Our objective was to evaluate @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) in two regional hospitals in the Netherlands. METHODS: @entity1 with localized @entity320 were planned for wide excision and @entity1600 . Completion lymphadenectomy was recommended for positive @entity1817 status. Data were compared with the MSLT-I. RESULTS: A median of 2 (1-7) SNs were identified in 305 @entity1 and complications occurred in 11%. Fifty-four @entity1 (18%) demonstrated @entity1817 @entity3 and 45 underwent completion lymphadenectomy (20% additional @entity3 ). Six @entity1 with initially negative @entity1817 developed lymph node @entity3 (sensitivity 90%). Overall disease-free survival was 83% ( @entity1817 -negative 91% vs. @entity1817 -positive 41%; p < 0.001) and @entity320 -specific survival was 93% ( @entity1817 -negative 97% vs. @entity1817 -positive 62%; p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed the @entity1817 status to be the most significant predictor for recurrence and @entity320 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Our results of @entity1600 are comparable to data from high-volume centers participating in MSLT-I. From a @entity1 perspective, the false-negative @entity1817 rate of 10% and complication rate of 11% should be weighed against being informed about prognosis and having a possible therapeutic benefit from completion lymphadenectomy.

title: Sentinel lymph node biopsy for XXXX : results of 10 years' experience in two regional training hospitals in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['sentinel lymph node biopsy', 'SLNB']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['SN', 'sentinel node']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: This is the first monograph devoted to the history of @entity1118 . A novel methodology is used. Examining responses to a problem that remained stable over time anchors a survey of shifting terms and theories and leaves the historical invariance of the clinical syndrome open to textual research. Writings by medical authors from a wide range of professional backgrounds are examined including surgeons, physicians, psychiatrists, neurophysiologists, neurologists and psychoanalysts. Early responses to the problem of @entity1118 without @entity75 were the appearance of @entity9 , a neuro-anatomical rewriting of traditional sympathies, extension of the concept of lesion to embrace disturbance of function and appeals to cenesthesis. Later in the century distinctions were drawn between hysterical and @entity158 , and between ideogenic, psychogenic and @entity158 . Some argued for the physiological equivalence of @entity1118 and @entity308 , @entity158 was central to Freud's original notion of conversion. This evidence of continuous discussion of lesionless @entity158 throughout the century challenges the orthodox historical view that the rise of neuroscience meant such @entity158 was simply dismissed as imaginary. The historical invariance of a syndrome of @entity1118 without lesion speaks against histories of lesionless syndromes premised on social constructionism. The historical findings are relevant to contemporary debates about the nosology and nature of @entity1118 .

title: From lesion to metaphor: XXXX in British, French and German medical writings, 1800-1914.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['melancholia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['structural lesion']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic pain', 'pain', 'neuralgic pain', 'while pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuralgia']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to collect data about the incidence of high-risk @entity1799 , 18, 33) types in in situ @entity5 , and to evaluate the reliability of the morphological signs of @entity281 by comparing the presence of these signs to the @entity778 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 who underwent conisation at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary because of in situ cervical @entity5 were examined retrospectively for the presence of @entity281 by the PCR technique. The direct and indirect morphological signs of @entity281 identified in the histological and cytological samples were compared to the actual results of virus DNA amplification by PCR in the identical histological sections. The evaluation of the cytological smears and the histological sections was accomplished independently by two different pathologists. RESULTS: E6 open reading frame of @entity1799 , 18 or 33 was detected by PCR in 56% (28 cases) of the histological sections of the 50 examined @entity1 with in situ @entity5 . In 92% (26 @entity1 ) of the 28 HPV positive @entity1 one HPV type was detected, while in one of the remaining two cases two HPV types (16/33), or all three types could be detected. The direct morphological signs for @entity281 proved to be 75% sensitive and 50% specific when compared to the results of PCR. Their predictive value for @entity281 was 65%. For the indirect HPV signs the sensitivity was 64% and specificity 31%. The predictive value, prognosticating the presence of @entity1799 , 18, 33 @entity281 was 54% in the same sections. Using significance analysis no significant relationship (p = 0.7728) could be detected between the positivity of indirect signs and the presence of @entity1799 , 18, 33 @entity281 , while in case of direct signs the relationship was almost significant (p = 0.0675). The joint testing of the direct and indirect signs did not improve the results (p = 0.1338). During the review of the cytological smears the specificity of the cytology in predicting @entity281 was found to be 68% and sensitivity was 20%. The predictive value was only 50%. A significance analysis was not accomplished by this diagnostic method because of the missing data (see text). CONCLUSION: The method of Nawa et al. seems to be a reliable approach for the detection of HPV DNA in paraffin-embedded material. The three main types of @entity1799 , 18, 33) are probably represented in lower percentages in @entity3354 in Hungary, but a larger survey is needed to obtain reliable data. The direct and indirect morphological signs of @entity281 failed to show a significant relationship with the PCR proven presence of @entity1799 , 18, 33.

title: Detection of high-risk @entity1799 , 18, 33) in situ XXXX of the cervix by PCR technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['PCR-proven HPV virus infection']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancers']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'HPV infection', 'true HPV infections']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The extracellular matrix of the @entity1 @entity1844 is involved in different pathological changes. Interestingly, in contrast to the @entity4218 , the extracellular matrix composition of the healthy @entity1844 has not yet been elucidated except by some light microscopical investigations. The present study investigates the extracellular matrix components of the @entity1844 by means of light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and compares them with the @entity4218 for a better understanding of their involvement in @entity2720 . Chondrocytes near the joint surface of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage differ from chondrocytes of deeper cartilage layers. The extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage contains @entity12006 , @entity12006 and @entity31846 as well as collagen types II, III, VI, IX and XI. Type-III-collagen shows a special distribution throughout the joint cartilage. In deeper cartilage layers, type-III-collagen occurs only pericellularly; in higher cartilage layers type-III-collagen is also located territorially and interterritorialy in small amounts. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy have revealed the articular surface of the cricoid and arytenoid cartilage to consist of a network of irregularly organized collagen fibrils, which are lined by a layer of electron dense material. The network coats subjacent collagen bundles which descend obliquely downward and intermingle at right angles in the middle part of the articular cartilage with collagen bundles of the deeper cartilage zones. The articular cartilage surface shows structural characteristics which differ from the underlying cartilage. The superficial electron dense layer possibly plays a role in the lubrication of the articular cartilage surface. The alignment of the fibrillar structures in the articular cartilage of the cricoarytenoid joint varies from those of the @entity4218 based on the different strain occurring during arytenoid movement. Nevertheless, the @entity1 @entity1844 can be compared with the joints of the limbs despite its extracellular matrix composition and its involvement in joint pathology. Evidence of type III collagen in the outermost layer of the articular cartilage of the cricoarytenoid joint presents a peculiarity, which has yet not be demonstrated in the articular cartilage of @entity4218 .

title: Composition of the extracellular matrix in XXXX @entity1844 .

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cricoarytenoid joint articular cartilage']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb joints']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin-6-sulfate', 'chondroitin-4-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity31846 :: ('MESH:D007632', 'Chemical') :: ['keratansulfate']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['joint disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']