abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1205 is an active agent used in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: A phase II trial of single-agent @entity1205 chemotherapy was conducted in Chinese @entity1 with @entity1149 , as either a first- or second-line treatment, to assess response and @entity137 . The treatment scheme was @entity1205 75 mg/m2 intravenous infusion for 1 h every 3 weeks for up to nine cycles. @entity619 was routinely given for 3 days, beginning 1 day before chemotherapy. RESULTS: From August 1996 to December 1997, 48 @entity1 were enrolled, including 34 chemo-naive @entity1 and 14 @entity1 previously treated with one chemotherapeutic regimen. All @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 profiles and 47 @entity1 were evaluable for response rate. As expected, the major @entity137 was myelosuppression. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 occurred in 41 of 48 (85.5%) @entity1 during treatment. Twenty @entity1 (41.7%) experienced @entity1398 and accounted for two toxic deaths. Only one @entity1 suffered from grade 3 @entity882 and two @entity1 from grade 3 @entity417 . Moderate or severe @entity1395 occurred in 30 @entity1 (62.5%). Moderate fluid retention ( @entity4 ) was observed in five @entity1 (10.4%) and severe fluid retention in three; all were reversible. No grade 3 or 4 @entity137 was observed. After two cycles of treatment, 14 of 47 evaluable @entity1 attained a partial response (29.8%, 95% CI 16.7-42.9%), including 30.3% (95% CI 14.6-46%) of those in first-line treatment and 28.6% (95% CI 4.9-52.3%) of those in second-line treatment. The median time to disease progression was 13 weeks in first-line @entity1 and 19 weeks in second-line @entity1 . Median survival time was 7.1 and 11.7 months in first- and second-line @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1205 is active and has an acceptable @entity137 profile, in both first- and second-line treatments, in Chinese @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 .

title: A phase II study of single-agent XXXX chemotherapy for @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'neurosensory toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral edema']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['Docetaxel', 'docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: CONTEXT: Treatment of @entity170 with subcutaneous (SC) injections of rhPTH(1-34) or rhPTH(1-84) is associated with significant improvements in @entity79 and reductions in @entity3604 . However, subcutaneous injections can be associated with discomfort and thus deteriorating compliance. OBJECTIVE: The UGL-OR1001 trial aimed to establish the efficacy and safety parameters of a novel oral tablet formulation of rhPTH(1-31)NH(2) and matching placebo tablets and open-label teriparatide positive control in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 . DESIGN: 24 weeks of randomized, double-blind treatment with once daily doses of 5mg oral treatment or corresponding placebo, or open-label subcutaneous teriparatide. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : @entity1 diagnosed with @entity170 as detected by lumbar spine DXA, with an exclusion of those with prior treatment with bone active agents. INTERVENTION(S): Orally formulated recombinant @entity1 PTH(1-31)NH(2) and placebo, or open-label subcutaneous @entity15896 as a positive control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary endpoint was to characterize the percent change from baseline in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) at L1-L4 axial lumbar spine after 24 weeks in the rhPTH(1-31)NH(2) arm. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included safety and tolerability of the oral formulation, measurement of biochemical markers of bone turnover, and evaluation of the PK profile at first and last dose. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier: NCT01321723. RESULTS: The oral tablet formulation of rhPTH(1-31)NH(2) resulted in similar PK profiles at both timepoints with mean C(max) values similar to subcutaneous administration. In the rhPTH(1-31)NH(2) arm, a 2.2% increase in lumbar spine @entity79 was observed compared to baseline (p<0.001), while no change was observed in the placebo arm. Open-label teriparatide resulted in a 5.1% increase in LS @entity79 (p<0.001). In the oral PTH study arm, the bone formation marker osteocalcin was increased by 32%, 21% and 23% at Weeks 4, 12 and 24, respectively. There was no significant increase in the level of the bone resorption marker CTx-1. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, these data demonstrate that enteric-coated oral tablet formulation technology consistently generated robust levels of exposure of rhPTH(1-31)NH(2) leading to induction of bone formation without inducing bone resorption resulting in significantly increased levels of LS @entity79 . Few adverse events were observed, recommending this orally delivered drug candidate for further development.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetic profile of oral recombinant @entity1 parathyroid hormone [rhPTH(1-31)NH(2)] in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity15896 :: ('MESH:D019379', 'Chemical') :: ['teriparatide']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The rates of cell proliferation and of cell loss influence the growth rate of a @entity5 and reflect genetic changes. We studied proliferation and apoptosis in @entity3271 and their relationship to progression of the @entity5 . Thirty-two cases of @entity3271 were retrieved spanning a 10-year period. The diagnosis and grade were reviewed and follow-up data obtained. @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ) and apoptotic index (AI) were determined from @entity6175 and @entity1711 (H _ E) stained sections. A @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of proliferating cells was obtained using the @entity1758 antibody to the Ki-67 antigen. A further index of apoptosis was obtained using in situ end-labelling of DNA strand breaks (TUNEL index, TI). Fourteen cases were graded as II, 18 as III (1993 WHO). @entity894 was significantly higher in grade III than in grade II @entity5 (P < 0.01) but the difference in apoptotic indices between grades was not significant. There was a significant (P = 0.036) positive correlation between the logarithms of TI and @entity894 . Construction of survival curves demonstrated a significant difference in survival according to histological grade (P < 0.05). Stratification of cases by @entity894 alone did not predict significantly different survival outcomes, and apoptotic indices did not demonstrate a relationship to survival. A positive relationship was demonstrated between proliferation and apoptosis in @entity3271 . The levels of apoptosis observed indicate that this phenomenon may have an important influence on the overall rate of @entity5 growth.

title: Proliferation and cell death in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['Mitotic index', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas', 'oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['oligodendrogliomas']


abstract: Expression and cellular localization of three isoenzymes of @entity141 -dependent protein kinase C ( @entity4384 , @entity20889 , and @entity25963 ) in the adult @entity35 retina were revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry with isoenzyme-specific antibodies and cRNA probes. Immunoreactivities and mRNA signals for @entity4384 were conspicuous in rod bipolar cells. A subgroup of amacrine cells expressed @entity4384 . The cells in the ganglion cell layer also displayed @entity4384 gene products. Positive immunoreactivities for @entity20889 were localized as stripe patterns in the inner plexiform layer, corresponding to the stratification levels of axon terminals of cone bipolar cells. The somata of cone bipolar cells expressed @entity20889 . Amacrine cells and retinal ganglion cells also displayed @entity20889 gene products. The results obtained by immunohistochemistry were confirmed with colocalization of mRNA signals for @entity4384 and @entity20889 on the somata. The cell membranes showed stronger immunoreactivities than did the cytoplasms for both @entity4384 and @entity20889 . Neither immunoreactivities nor mRNA signals for @entity25963 were detected in all retinal regions. The differential roles of @entity141 -dependent @entity6164 isoenzymes could be revealed in physiological defined retinal neurons.

title: Differential localization and expression of alpha and beta isoenzymes of protein kinase C in the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The @entity7286 gene was initially cloned by virtue of its disruption by the translocation breakpoint in some t(10;14) @entity706 . @entity7286 is now known to encode a component of the NF-kappaB family of transcriptional activators and has therefore also been designated NFkappaB2. Activation of NF-kappaB is generally associated with its transfer to the nucleus and is followed by a rapid increase in expression of its target genes, which include cytokines such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ). @entity650 can also be induced by other transcription factors such as @entity9322 . We studied the interaction of @entity1192 and these transcription factors in two @entity1358 cell lines (ACHN and Caki-1). These lines produce high levels of @entity650 , show endogenous @entity2755 acetyltransferase activity for the @entity650 promoter, and have high basal levels of transcripts encoding the NF-kappaB components @entity7286 , @entity2451 , and @entity9135 as well as the @entity9322 transcription factor. @entity1192 and @entity1356 markedly increased steady-state levels of @entity7286 (NFkappaB2) transcripts and nuclear @entity7286 protein in both cell lines. Levels of the NFkappaB1 ( @entity2451 -encoding), @entity9135 , and @entity9322 transcripts also increased after @entity1192 exposure. These changes were accompanied by a 20-fold or greater increase in levels of @entity650 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein. Our observations suggest that the mechanism by which @entity1192 or @entity1356 induces @entity650 may be mediated through increases in @entity7286 mRNA and protein levels as well as increases in expression of other transcription factors (NFkappaB1, @entity9135 , and @entity9322 ), in addition to the known ability of @entity1192 to post-translationally activate NF-kappaB.

title: @entity1192 increases expression of the @entity7286 (NFkappaB2) proto-oncogene/transcription factor in XXXX lines.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity1 embryo implantation is a complex process involving blastocyst attachment to the endometrial epithelium and subsequent trophoblast invasion of the decidua. Chemokines, critical regulators of leukocyte migration, are abundant in endometrial epithelial and decidual cells at this time. We hypothesized that endometrial chemokines stimulate trophoblast invasion. Chemokine receptors @entity9173 and @entity16951 were immunolocalized in @entity1 first-trimester implantation sites, specifically to endovascular extravillous trophoblasts, but not to the invading interstitial EVTs (iEVTs), with weak staining also on syncytium. @entity23427 was localized to invading iEVTs and to microvilli on the syncytial surface. Expression of @entity17184 (fractalkine), @entity7721 ( @entity7721 ), and their receptors ( @entity9173 , @entity16951 , @entity9172 , @entity23427 , and @entity5075 ) mRNA was examined in cellular components of the maternal-embryonic interface by RT-PCR. Both chemokines were abundant in entire endometrium and placenta, endometrial cells (primary cultures and @entity5441 , a @entity1 endometrial epithelial cell line) and trophoblast cell lines (JEG-3, ACIM-88, and ACIM-32). @entity436 mRNA was expressed by placenta and trophoblast cell lines: @entity16951 by all trophoblast cell types, whereas @entity9172 , @entity23427 , and @entity9173 were more variable. @entity9173 , @entity16951 , @entity9172 , and @entity5075 were also expressed by endometrial cells. Migration assays used the trophoblast cell line most closely resembling extravillous cytotrophoblast (AC1M-88). Trophoblast migration occurred in response to @entity17184 , @entity14105 , and @entity12868 , but not @entity7721 . Endometrial cell-conditioned media also stimulated trophoblast migration; this was attenuated by neutralizing antibodies to @entity17184 and @entity12868 . Thus, chemokines are expressed by maternal and embryonic cells during implantation, whereas corresponding receptors are on trophoblast cells. Promotion of trophoblast migration by chemokines and endometrial cell conditioned medium indicates an important involvement of chemokines in maternal-fetal communication.

title: The chemokines, @entity17184 , @entity14105 , and @entity12868 , promote XXXX trophoblast migration at the feto-maternal interface.

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['Chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Objectives; To determine the effect of neonatal @entity3638 on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and evaluate ABR responses to lowering of @entity648 levels. STUDY DESIGN: prospective case control trial SETTING: tertiary referral center. @entity1 : 60 neonates (40 cases _ 20 controls). Term appropriate for date(AFD) neonates with uncomplicated birth history and @entity648 level of >=  13 mg/dL were included as cases, those with @entity648 value of < 13 mg/dL were taken as controls.Interventions; First BERA examination was carried out within 24 hrs of the diagnosis of @entity3638 and repeat examination was done when total serum @entity648 came down to < 13 mg/dL with treatment. Comparisons were made between cases (before _ after therapy) and controlResults; No abnormality in neonates with @entity648 < 18 mg/dL. Abnormal ABRs were observed in 24(60%) of the 40 cases studied, with therapy it reverted back to normal in 15(62%). The commonest abnormality noted was prolonged latency of wave V(42.5%), followed by prolonged latency of wave III(35%) and wave I(22.5%). Prolonged latency of wave I was found in only those with @entity648 > 20mg/dL. Inter peak latency of wave IV (Brain stem conduction time) was prolonged in 8 cases; it reverted to normal in all cases. Prolonged inter peak latency of wave I-III was observed in 7 cases, of which it reverted to normal in 6. Absent waves reappeared in 4 out of 5 cases, but abnormal amplitude ratios reverted to normal in only one of the 7 cases in which it was abnormal.Conclusions; about 60% of term A FD neonates with serum @entity648 of > 18mg/dL will demonstrate ABR changes. Most of these changes revert to normal early after therapy, indicating need for aggressive therapy in this subgroup of neonates.

title: Auditory brainstem responses in neonatal XXXX and effect of therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity3638 :: ('MESH:D006932', 'Disease') :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']

answer: @entity3638 :: (MESH:D006932,Disease) :: ['hyperbilirubinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antihypertensive efficacy of @entity534 ( @entity534 ) repeated infusions in @entity1 affected by gestational @entity101 . METHODS: The @entity1 were referred to obstetric units in order to assess their clinical conditions and to exclude the presence of severe fetal and/or maternal complications. Inclusion criteria were: maternal age range 16-45 years, diagnosis of gestational @entity101 without @entity644 ( @entity1 normotensive until the 20th week), and gestational age ranging between 24 and 36 weeks. Each @entity1 was allocated to receive either @entity534 (20 g/500 mL) or placebo treatment through an i.v. line. The infusion was carried out in the morning from 8 a.m. to 10 a.m. and it was repeated for the next four consecutive days. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values as well as heart rate were recorded with the @entity1 in an upright, seated position at 08:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 h. RESULTS: Maternal clinical features such as age, height, weight, and gestational age at inclusion were similar between groups. Both @entity551 were reduced by treatment, the effect of @entity534 being significantly higher than that of the placebo (systolic values F = 8.59, p < 0.005; diastolic values F = 3.36; p < 0.001). Twenty @entity1 assigned to the @entity534 group (32.2%) and 23 to the placebo group (37.7%) were concomitantly treated with antihypertensives before starting the study. Analyzing the subgroup of @entity1 not receiving antihypertensive drugs we found that @entity534 was superior to placebo in lowering systolic (F = 5.42, p < 0.005) and diastolic (F = 2.20, p < 0.005) blood pressure values. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, these data support the use of @entity534 as an antihypertensive agent for gestational @entity101 especially in view of the other beneficial effects @entity842 donors display in pregnancy. Further, @entity534 seems well tolerated since in this sample none of the @entity1 reported adverse effects requiring study interruption.

title: Effect of @entity534 on blood pressure in pregnancy-induced XXXX : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Arg', 'L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressures']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: @entity30763 (CPE) is involved in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neurotransmitters, including insulin. One of the features of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an elevation in the @entity2690 level and/or @entity2690 /insulin molar ratio, suggesting that mutations in @entity2690 processing enzymes may contribute to the development of @entity6 . We scanned CPE for mutations in a collection of Ashkenazi @entity6 families and identified five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). An SNP in the 283(rd) codon, @entity22118 , changes @entity369 to @entity2340 ( @entity53447 ). The residue @entity534 283 is conserved among CPE orthologs as well as most enzymatically active metallocarboxypeptidases. Of the 272 Ashkenazi @entity6 pedigrees screened, we found four families segregating @entity53447 . Within these four families, @entity1 who inherited one copy of this variant had much earlier age of onset for @entity6 . The @entity53447 CPE protein cleaves peptide substrates with substantially lower efficiencies and is less stable at elevated temperature. In addition, the @entity53447 CPE variant has a narrower pH optimum and is much less active at pH 6.0-6.5, indicating that the @entity53447 CPE variant would be substantially less active than wild type CPE in the trans-Golgi network and immature secretory vesicles where the enzyme functions in vivo. To summarize, we uncovered a rare non-conservative missense mutation in CPE and demonstrated that the mutant protein has altered enzymatic properties. We predict that this mutant could cause hyperproinsulinism and @entity6 in the homozygous state.

title: Missense polymorphism in the @entity1 XXXX gene alters enzymatic activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity30763 :: ('1363', 'Gene') :: ['Carboxypeptidase E']

answer: @entity30763 :: (1363,Gene) :: ['carboxypeptidase E']


abstract: A review of the literature shows that more than 50% of examined @entity1 suffering from @entity301 were also suffering from sleep-related @entity386 . We were able to diagnose a pathological @entity387 in 9 out of 25 @entity1 (36%) suffering from an angiographically confirmed @entity34715 . @entity1 with this combination--this is the hypothesis derived from our study--are at risk due to nocturnal @entity386 -induced @entity296 and @entity1021 . In 15 @entity1 with @entity387 and @entity301 , nocturnal polysomnography was conducted, in parallel a 6-channel ECG was recorded. The @entity386 index (second night) was on the average 33 phases/h, the maximal duration of an @entity386 phases being 120 seconds. The minimal blood gas saturation recorded during sleep was between 46 and 89% (median 76.0%). In 4 of the 15 @entity1 it was possible to confirm @entity296 (correlated via @entity1949 and also via NREM) with a maximum duration of 60 seconds, mainly during the phases of maximal @entity386 activity and blood gas desaturation. On comparing the @entity943 waking/sleep, the Lown class did not change in 12 @entity1 ; there was deterioration in 2 @entity1 and in one @entity1 a qualitative improvement during the sleep phase. @entity1 suffering from sleep-related @entity1576 and @entity301 are at cardiac risk, the more so since long-lasting apneas can lead to conditions of @entity519 at the heart in pre-existing changes in the coronary arteries, restricted coronary reserves and reduced tolerance to @entity519 . Such @entity519 can in turn induce enhanced electrical instability and a disturbance of the contractile function.

title: [Sleep-related @entity1576 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity34715 :: ('MESH:D003330', 'Disease') :: ['coronary 2-vessel and 3-vessel disorder']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease or small vessel disease', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorders']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of chemotherapy in recurrent @entity1204 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on the clinical data of 20 cases of recurrent @entity1204 hospitalized from May. 1992 to @entity1178 . 2002. RESULTS: The recurrence rate of these 20 cases was 11.0%. The recurrence occurred (17 +/- 10) months after the first therapy. Eleven of the 20 @entity1 (55.0%) had accepted chemotherapy with (6 +/- 4) courses and were followed up for (17 +/- 16) months after the second therapy. Fifteen cases (75.0%) died of @entity5 , 4 cases survived with @entity5 , and only 1 case (5.0%) was @entity5 -free. Univariate model revealed that chemotherapy and number of chemotherapy course were related with the prognosis (P = 0.0146, P = 0.0353). Radiotherapy affected the prognosis too (P = 0.0414). But pathologic subtype, stage, @entity5 cell differentiation, age, recurrent time, surgery, chemotherapy scheme, drug infusion way , and endocrine therapy had no relation with the prognosis (P = 0.5517, 0.5763, 0.1879, 0.880, 0.453, 0.0672, 0.0795, 0.5956, and 0.2035). Multivariate model revealed that chemotherapy had influence on the prognosis (beta = -1.349, OR = 0.259, P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Combined treatment raises the survival of the recurrent @entity1204 @entity1 , in which chemotherapy plays a leading role and influences the prognosis remarkably.

title: [Effects of chemotherapy in recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Ureteral pseudodiverticula are tiny outpouchings usually seen as incidental findings on retrograde urography during routine work-up for common @entity5450 . We report 37 @entity1 with ureteral pseudodiverticula, of whom 17 (46%) had associated @entity5 . Ureteral pseudodiverticula were diagnosed in all @entity1 on excretory or retrograde urography as an incidental finding during evaluation for a variety of urologic symptoms and signs. All @entity1 were assessed with urinalysis, urine culture, cystoscopy, and when indicated, ureteroscopy. @entity1606 was made by surgery or endoscopic biopsy in 16 @entity1 and @entity957 in one. In nine @entity1 with radiographs showing ureteral pseudodiverticula and a urinary tract filling defect (usually in the bladder), 78% of the cases were proved malignant. In six @entity1 with ureteral pseudodiverticula and a stricture in the ureter or renal collecting system, 67% of the cases were proved malignant. Of the @entity1 with @entity5 , 53% had a single ureteral pseudodiverticulum. In two cases, the pseudodiverticula antedated the diagnosis of @entity5 by 2 and 4 years, respectively. Our experience suggests that the association between ureteral pseudodiverticula and @entity5 may be more common than previously assumed, approaching 50%. Even a single ureteral pseudodiverticulum should be regarded as a serious marker for potential @entity5 , antedating @entity5 by 2-10 years, and such @entity1 should be closely followed up. The coexistence of ureteral pseudodiverticula and a stricture or filling defect in the urinary tract is highly suggestive that a @entity5 is present.

title: Ureteral pseudodiverticula: frequent association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'uroepithelial malignancy', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract disorders']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['uroepithelial malignancy']


abstract: We hypothesized an association between foot type, @entity5109 , and foot ulceration and conducted an analysis of a well-characterized, high-risk @entity6 population of 398 subjects. The average age was 62 years of age and 74% of the study population were males. Foot-type distributions were 19.5% pes cavus (high arch), 51.5% neutrally aligned (normal arch), and 29.0% pes planus (low arch). We quantified the presence of @entity4553 (23.9%), hammer/ @entity1848 (46.7%), and @entity13793 (24.4%). A significant association was found between foot type and @entity4553 (p = 0.003); pes planus feet had the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, p = 0.0006). Foot type was also significantly associated with fixed hammer/ @entity1848 (p = 0.01); pes cavus feet had the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (OR = 3.89, p = 0.001). Foot type was also significantly associated with @entity13793 (p = 0.006) with pes planus feet having the highest prevalence as compared with neutrally aligned feet (OR = 2.19, p = 0.003). However, foot type was not significantly related to any @entity1066 outcome (p = 0.7). Fixed hammer/ @entity1848 (OR = 3.91, p = 0.003) and @entity13793 (OR = 3.02, p = 0.006) were associated with increased risk of any @entity1066 occurrence. This study affirms that foot type and @entity5109 are related and that @entity5109 are associated with @entity1066 occurrence.

title: Relationship between foot type, XXXX , and @entity1066 occurrence in the high-risk @entity6 foot.

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformities', 'foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity13793 :: ('MESH:D020857', 'Disease') :: ['hallux limitus']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

answer: @entity5109 :: (MESH:D005530,Disease) :: ['foot deformity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of the preoperative @entity661 ( @entity661 ) in @entity1 with severe @entity1002 or @entity1459 with critical coronary anatomy is becoming more frequent as surgical casemix changes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of preoperative @entity661 use on survival in high-risk @entity1 having open heart surgery. METHODS: Prospectively collected data for 645 consecutive @entity1 were reviewed. @entity1 receiving an @entity661 were identified and grouped as follows: group A (preoperative @entity661 for high-risk nonemergent cases), group B (preoperative @entity661 for emergent cases), and group C (intra/postoperative @entity661 ). Risk-adjusted hospital mortality rates in these three groups was compared using the modified Parsonnet score for preoperative risk stratification. RESULTS: IABPs were used in 101 cases (16%). The predicted versus actual hospital mortality rate was 20% versus 5.7% in group A, 32.1% versus 47.6% in group B, and 12.6% versus 22.2% in group C (group A vs group B, p = 0.0014; group A vs group C, p = 0.012). @entity661 -related morbidity occurred in 3% of cases (all in group C). CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adjusted mortality was significantly lower in high-risk cases with preoperative IABPs compared with emergent cases and intraoperative/postoperative IABPs. We encourage the use of preoperative IABPs in selected high-risk @entity1 .

title: Preoperative intraaortic balloon pumps in high-risk XXXX undergoing open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['IABP', 'intraaortic balloon pump']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracranial amyloid and hypertensive @entity2333 have been related to @entity73 and the etiology of @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ). Microbleeds (MBs) are surrogate radiological markers that are associated with these underlying angiopathies. We assessed the hypothesis that MBs are associated with @entity1410 ( @entity1410 ) in @entity1 with hyperacute @entity1779 . METHODS: We studied @entity1 with spontaneous supratentorial @entity1779 within the first 6 h after onset. @entity1410 was defined as an increase>= 33% in the volume of @entity1410 on the follow-up CT in comparison with the admission CT. The volume was calculated using the @entity35622 formula. MBs were detected by specific magnetic resonance sequences (gradient-echo). The presence, number and distribution of MBs were analyzed. RESULTS: Our study included 44 @entity1 . Their mean age was 68.9  11.1 years, and 70.5% of them were @entity1 . @entity1410 was observed in 14 of the @entity1 (31.8%). @entity1410 was more prevalent in @entity1 with more than 10 MBs compared with @entity1 with 1-10 MBs (60 vs 12.5%; p=0.03). CONCLUSION: A high burden of MBs is associated with an increased risk of @entity1410 in @entity1 with @entity1779 . This is probably a marker of a more severe underlying @entity2333 .

title: Microbleed burden and XXXX in acute @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired blood vessel function']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematoma expansion', 'HE', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma expansion']


abstract: The effect of peripheral @entity32 on spontaneous firing and level of substance @entity10133 ) and its receptor in electrophysiologically identified cat Abeta neurons of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was studied in vivo using a combination of intracellular recording, dye injection and immunohistochemical techniques. Following injection of carrageenan (Carg) into cat hindpaw, the number of Abeta neurons with spontaneous firing was enhanced significantly (42.9%, n=182) in comparison with control (16.8%, n=149, P<0.01). DRG Abeta neurons became less depolarized 2-4 h following Carg injection. After identifying the cell properties, Lucifer Yellow was injected and SP-like immunoreactivity (SP- @entity3162 ) was then detected. A total of 17% of Abeta sensory neurons exhibited SP- @entity3162 in inflammatory cat. We also found in @entity35 DRGs that the number of SP- @entity3162 positive large cells (>35 microm) was also significantly increased in Carg-treated DRG (11.8+/-1.2, n=8) compared with untreated DRG (1.8+/-0.8, n=8, P<0.01). In control cat, the topical use of SP in DRG did not induce any response of Abeta neurons. However, in Carg-treated cat, SP depolarized the membrane potential in most Abeta neurons (68.2%, n=22). L668,169, an antagonist of SP receptor, completely blocked the SP-induced responses. Furthermore, repeated application of SP did not induce obvious desensitization of Abeta neurons. These data suggest that peripheral @entity32 increased the excitability, SP level and sensitivity of SP receptor of Abeta neurons. Therefore, we concluded that Abeta sensory neurons appear to contribute to inflammatory @entity1931 .

title: Change in excitability and phenotype of substance P and its receptor in cat Abeta sensory neurons following peripheral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has not been clarified whether the postoperative resolution of @entity85 achieved by KP are superior to those achieved by @entity3548 . We compared the outcomes of KP and @entity3548 , taking into account the presence of @entity6679 , to determine whether the balloon inflation in KP may contribute to postoperative resolution of the @entity85 in @entity1 with VCFs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects had 34 vertebral bodies treated by @entity3548 , and 43 vertebral bodies treated by KP. In all @entity1 , preoperative dynamic imaging was performed to assess the presence of @entity6679 . First, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic change were compared between the @entity3548 and KP groups. Then, the @entity1 were further divided into 2 groups on the basis of the presence of @entity6679 , and they were compared within and between the @entity3548 and KP groups in relation to the presence of @entity6679 . RESULTS: Overall, no significant differences were observed in either the vertebral height restoration or kyphotic change between the @entity3548 and KP groups (P > .20). Preoperative dynamic imaging identified 19 vertebral bodies each with @entity6679 in the @entity3548 (56%) and KP groups (44%) (P = .21). Within the @entity3548 and KP groups, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic changes were significantly better in @entity1 with @entity6679 than in those without (P < .01). There were no significant differences between the 2 treatment groups after adjustment for the presence of @entity6679 (P > .30). CONCLUSIONS: In both the @entity3548 and KP groups, the vertebral height restoration and kyphotic change largely depended on the preoperative @entity6679 . The use of the balloon itself contributed little to resolution of the @entity85 .

title: In not only vertebroplasty but also kyphoplasty, the resolution of @entity85 depends on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6679 :: ('MESH:D014086', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral mobility']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral deformities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity6679 :: (MESH:D014086,Disease) :: ['vertebral mobility']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the indications and outcomes of surgery for bilateral @entity2341 . METHODS: The medical records of consecutive @entity1 with bilateral @entity2341 who underwent surgery from January 1999 to December 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Data for surgical indications and outcomes were analyzed. Success was defined as postoperative orthotropia with eso- or exodeviation <8(/\). RESULTS: A total of 14 @entity1 with esotropic bilateral Duane Syndrome underwent surgery: 12 had bilateral medial rectus muscle recession; 1 had unilateral medial rectus muscle recession; and 1 had bilateral asymmetrical medial rectus and lateral rectus muscle recessions. The mean preoperative esodeviation was 38.14(/\)    13.24(/\), (range, 14(/\)-70(/\)). The mean medial rectus recession was 5.7 mm in the right eye and 5.5 mm in the left eye. The mean follow-up period was 11.7 months (range, 3-37 months). Success was achieved in 12 of 14 @entity1 (85.71%); 2 @entity1 had a residual @entity5971 of 15(/\). In all @entity1 who underwent surgery, there was satisfactory improvement in associated globe retraction and head turn. None of the @entity1 developed consecutive exodeviation. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral medial rectus muscle recession can provide a good outcome for @entity1 with bilateral @entity2341 . The mean amount of medial rectus muscle recession required may be greater than what is generally recommended for similar sized esodeviations in @entity1 with infantile @entity5971 .

title: Surgical management of bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2341 :: ('MESH:D004370', 'Disease') :: ['esotropic Duane syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity2341 :: (MESH:D004370,Disease) :: ['esotropic Duane syndrome']


abstract: The ketogenic diet has been used in the treatment of intractable childhood @entity302 since the 1920s. A systematic review of the efficacy, adverse reactions, and costs associated with using the diet was performed. PubMed and Ovid searches were performed using the keywords @entity302 /therapy, dietary therapy, ketogenic diet, adverse events, and costs. Cochrane library was searched. Bibliographies of papers located by searches and review articles were compiled. Papers published after 1990 were selected if they were written in either English or French and reported on the use of classic ketogenic diet in @entity1 under age 18 years of age with medically @entity302 . Outcome measures were degree of @entity410 control, duration @entity1 remained on diet, and occurrence of adverse events. Twenty-six studies were found. No prospective-controlled studies were found. Fourteen studies met all criteria for inclusion. The studies indicated that some @entity1 report reduction in @entity410 frequency. The estimated rate for obtaining complete @entity410 control was 15.6% (95% confidence interval 10.4-20.8%) with 33% (95% confidence interval 24.3-41.8%) reporting greater than 50% reduction in @entity410 . Adverse events were not frequent; however, 16 cases of @entity204 occurring while on the diet were found. No cost/benefit studies were located. There is evidence to support the cautious use of ketogenic diet in @entity1 with @entity302 .

title: A systematic review of the use of the ketogenic diet in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Contractile responsiveness of the @entity95 aorta (endothelium intact and denuded) to @entity4689 , II, and III was compared. The effects of converting-enzyme inhibition with @entity4688 , the selective AT1-receptor antagonist ( @entity9886 ), and the AT2-receptor antagonist ( @entity11083 ) on these contractile profiles were examined. In all preparations, it was found that the angiotensins produced concentration-dependent increases in tension. Differences in sensitivity were encountered; in endothelium-intact preparations, the mean EC50 values (nM with 95% confidence interval in parentheses) for @entity4689 , II, and III were 9 (95% CI 7-11), 40 (20-60), and 30 (10-40), respectively, and for denuded preparations they were 20 (11-29), 0.8 (0.7-0.9), and 30 (20-40), respectively. @entity4688 decreased the maximal tension developed to @entity4689 and II, which was greater in endothelium-intact preparations. @entity9886 was a competitive antagonist against @entity4689 and angiotensin II in both intact and denuded preparations, with pA2 values as follows: against @entity4689 , 9.0 and 9.3 for intact and denuded, respectively; against angiotensin II, 8.3 and 8.9 for intact and denuded, respectively. @entity9886 antagonized angiotensin III, but the slopes of the Schild analysis were significantly less than unity. In endothelium-intact preparations, @entity11083 failed to significantly antagonize responsiveness to @entity4689 . Against angiotensin II, @entity11083 was a competitive antagonist with a pA2 of 8.3. The antagonism for @entity11083 against angiotensin III was insurmountable. In endothelium-denuded preparations, @entity11083 failed to antagonize @entity4689 and angiotensin III. Although @entity11083 appeared to inhibit the responsivenss of the @entity95 aorta by angiotensin II, the slope of the Schild plot was significantly less than unity. These experiments provide evidence that @entity4689 possesses different actions from angiotensin II and III and that a functional endothelium modulates the underlying vascular response to angiotensin. In addition, the endothelium modulates the antagonism by @entity9886 and @entity11083 , supporting the notion that the endothelium possesses distinct angiotensin receptors.

title: Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade in the XXXX aorta: influence of the endothelium.

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Salvage of @entity174 is difficult, time-consuming for the @entity1 and physicians, and not universally successful because of poor functional outcomes. Even if successful with limb salvage, the functional result may be unsatisfactory because of mutilating injuries to muscle and nerve, @entity604 , and the presence of @entity281 . From July 1991 until July 1994, revascularizations of @entity4422 were attempted for wounds with Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) < or = 10. The functional results were evaluated at 2 years after injury. Thirty-six lower-extremity revascularizations were performed on 34 @entity1 , including 1 @entity1 with bilateral distal tibial IIIC @entity174 and a @entity1 with IIIC femoral @entity174 accompanied by ipsilateral distal tibial amputation. Excluded were @entity1 with below-ankle IIIC @entity174 as well as @entity1 who underwent immediate amputation at admission. After the revascularization, seven @entity1 with IIIC @entity174 (7 of 36, 19.4%) underwent secondary amputation within 1 week. At the 2-year follow-up, the overall secondary amputation rate was 25% (9 of 36) and the salvage rate was 75% (27 of 36). Those were no deaths. Of the 29 salvaged limbs among these 27 @entity1 , 23 limbs (23 of 29, 79.3%) required secondary coverage procedures that included 12 free flap transfers (12 of 29, 41.4%). Every @entity1 needed subsequent reconstructive surgery to achieve an acceptable functional result. In this series, MESS was able to predict the secondary amputation rate and the functional result. Sixteen of the 17 limb-salvaged @entity1 with MESS < or = 7 were able to achieve minimal functional requirements, whereas 3 of the 10 @entity1 with MESS = 8 to 10 failed to achieve minimal functional requirements at the 2-year follow-up. Using statistical analysis, we found that the salvaged limbs with MESS < or = 9 exhibited a significant difference in achieving adequate function compared with limbs with MESS > 9. Using our protocol for treatment for IIIC @entity174 , the threshold for immediate amputation can be raised from MESS = 7 to MESS = 9. Our conclusions are (1) more severely injured limbs have poor functional results, (2) every @entity1 needs subsequent reconstructive surgery, and (3) the MESS may be helpful in decision-making.

title: The functional outcome of XXXX with vascular injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity Gustilo type IIIC fractures', 'fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity4422 :: ('MESH:D005597', 'Disease') :: ['open IIIC fractures']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['lower-extremity fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity453 is an uncommon event in @entity1252 . The mechanisms responsible for @entity1563 are probably complex and intermixed. We report three @entity1 with @entity1252 and antiphospholipid antibodies who had @entity453 diagnosed with coronary angiogram. OBSERVATION: @entity453 occurred in three young @entity1 aged from 21 to 35 years 3 to 11 years after the onset of lupus. They all had antiphospholipid antibodies. They had been treated with @entity288 for 6 to 36 months. Two of them were smokers. Angiograms showed @entity1563 two @entity1 while the third one had probable @entity296 . The lupus was quiescent in all cases when @entity453 occurred. DISCUSSION: Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with smoking may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity453 in these 3 @entity1 .

title: [Coronary involvement in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial microvasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: @entity2969 ( @entity2971 ) characteristically display two chromosome 12 abnormalities: the isochromosome i(12p) and concomitant deletions of the long arm. Some genes important in the control of the G(1)-S cell cycle checkpoint G(1)-S, i.e., @entity57024 , @entity17946 are located on this chromosomal region. Therefore, testicular GCTs were analyzed as to the expression of @entity15308 , @entity8985 , @entity14107 , and the expression of their catalytic partners cyclins D1, D2 and E by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. @entity17946 , located on 12p, was overexpressed in 69% (31 of 45) of the @entity5 by a mean factor of 8, including all histological subtypes. In addition, the @entity17946 partner @entity8985 was increased in 41% (21 of 51) of all @entity5 by a factor of 6, most strongly in @entity189 . Sixty-four percent of the @entity4797 and 23% of the @entity4797 had decreased expression of @entity14107 by a mean factor of 5 (P = 0.009). Statistical analysis using configural frequency analysis and regression analysis revealed that @entity17946 and @entity8985 expression were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.682; P = 0.000052), whereas expression of @entity14107 did not correlate with either of them (r(2) = 0.382; P = 0.00085). @entity15308 and its catalytic partner cyclin E were down-regulated in 40% (19 of 47) and 42% (19 of 45) of the @entity5 , respectively, by a factor of 7 each. Western blots and immunohistochemical experiments confirmed @entity17946 and @entity8985 overrepresentation and reduced expression of cyclin E and @entity15308 @entity5 in the few @entity5 under protein study. Despite its localization on 12q13, a hot spot for loss of heterozygosity in testicular GCTs (>40%), Southern blotting revealed no gross DNA alteration of the @entity15308 gene. Because up-regulation of the @entity17946 / @entity8985 complex and down-regulation of cyclin E/ @entity15308 complex were found in @entity4797 as well as in @entity4797 and in all @entity5 stages, these findings seem to be early events during tumorigenesis of testicular GCTS: Together with previous findings that @entity995 mRNA and protein expression is strongly decreased in these @entity5 , these data suggest an unusual deregulated G(1)-S checkpoint as a decisive event for @entity2971 .

title: Up-regulation of @entity8985 / @entity17946 expression but down-regulation of @entity15308 /cyclin E in testicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['Testicular germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity57024 :: ('1017;1019', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 4']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'non-seminomas']

answer: @entity2971 :: (MESH:D009373,Disease) :: ['germ cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cycler-assisted peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) has been associated with decreased @entity1372 removal compared with @entity298 ( @entity298 ) as a result of peritoneal @entity1372 sieving during the short dwells that are associated with CCPD. This may have adverse consequences for management of extracellular fluid volume (ECFV). This study compared ECFV in @entity1 who received @entity298 or CCPD; CCPD dwell times were maximized by limiting the number of exchanges, and the use of icodextrin for the long daytime dwells was widespread. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This was an observational, cross-sectional study of 158 prevalent @entity1 (90 @entity298 , 68 CCPD). Demographic data, blood work, and 24-h dialysate and urine samples were collected from all @entity1 between January 2004 and July 2006. They subsequently underwent assessment of ECFV by multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the relationship between peritoneal dialysis modality and ECFV. Potential cofounders including age, comorbidity, time on dialysis, residual renal function, and icodextrin use were identified a priori. RESULTS: There were no differences in BP, use of antihypertensive medications, or the presence of peripheral edema between @entity298 and CCPD @entity1 . Similarly, there was no difference in the ratio of ECFV to total body water between @entity298 (51.8%) and CCPD (51.9%) @entity1 (P = 0.929). CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in BP, @entity1372 removal, or volume control in @entity1 who use a contemporary approach to CCPD that uses fewer night cycles and liberalizes the use of icodextrin when compared with @entity298 .

title: Comparison of volume overload with cycler-assisted versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: @entity5 cause malignant effusions. The presence of malignant cells in effusions has implications in diagnosis, @entity5 staging and prognosis. The detection of malignant cells currently presents a challenge for cytopathologists. New adjunctive methods are needed. Although the effusions provide excellent materials for molecular assay, the available molecular markers are extremely limited, which hinders its clinical application. MN/ @entity2030 has proved to be a valuable marker in many @entity5 such as lung, breast, colon, kidney, etc. The present study was to evaluate MN/ @entity2030 as a new molecular marker for the detection of @entity5 cells in @entity1143 . Seventy-one @entity1143 including 59 malignant effusions from @entity1 with @entity5 , and 12 @entity1 with benign diseases as a control, were subjected to RT-PCR for detection of MN/ @entity2030 gene expression. MN/ @entity2030 gene expression was detected in 53/59 (89.8%) @entity1143 from @entity5 @entity1 (15/16 for @entity0 , 10/11 for @entity2 , 4/4 for @entity43 , 2/3 for @entity694 , 5/6 for @entity5 of unknown site, 7/8 for @entity2615 and 10/11 for other @entity5 ). Furthermore, @entity2030 was positive in 13/18 (72.2%) of cytologically negative effusions of @entity5 @entity1 . MN/ @entity2030 was detected in only 1/12 (8.3%) effusions from the control @entity1 (p < 0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of MN/ @entity2030 gene expression were, respectively, 89.8% and 91.7%. Our preliminary results suggest that @entity2030 could be a potential marker for the detection of malignant cells in effusions. A large-scale study is needed to confirm these results.

title: XXXX : a potential gene marker for detection of malignant cells in effusions.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovary cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Many cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon-rectal cancers']

answer: @entity2030 :: (768,Gene) :: ['MN/CA9']


abstract: A 23-year-old comatose @entity1 was presented in the emergency room. He had been working inside a building under construction on a hot summer's day. His core body temperature was 42.1 degrees C and he was diagnosed with @entity64 . Urgent cooling procedures, including applying cold vapor to the @entity1 's skin, a gastric lavage with cold water and an intravenous cold saline infusion, were not completely successful and his body temperature remained above 40 degrees C. Because his high temperature was refractory to conventional cooling procedures and we suspected that @entity810 ( @entity810 ) by @entity5925 would develop, we applied hemodialysis (HD) using cold dialysate (initially 30 degrees C and later 35 degrees C), followed by @entity400 ( @entity400 ) with cold dialysate (35 degrees C) at a high flow rate of 18,000 mL per hour. The @entity1 's body temperature fell below 38.0 degrees C within 3 h and was kept below 38.0 degrees C. Continuous hemodiafiltration was continued for one week. During the first week, the @entity1 suffered from @entity881 ( @entity881 ) involving @entity177 , as well as the failure of heart, liver, lung, and central nervous systems. @entity5642 also developed. However, by virtue of cold @entity400 , he almost recovered 3 weeks after the onset, except for remaining mild @entity409 . In severe @entity64 , cold HD and high flow, cold @entity400 should be a therapeutic choice for cooling and treatment of @entity881 . Considering mild @entity409 still remained, this case suggested these procedures should be initiated at the very beginning of the treatment of severe @entity64 .

title: @entity64 with XXXX treated with cold hemodialysis and cold @entity400 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver and renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['Disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CHDF', 'continuous hemodiafiltration']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity881 :: (MESH:D009102,Disease) :: ['multiple organ failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1118 is an important outcome variable after @entity169 that is generally not assessed by objective methods. The aim of this study was to objectively investigate chronic @entity158 and @entity1183 after @entity169 using three types of operation: open suture, open mesh, and laparoscopic. METHODS: A total of 96 @entity1 were included in the study with a median follow-up of 4.7 years. Open suture repair was performed in 40 @entity1 (group A), open mesh repair in 20 @entity1 (group B), and laparoscopic repair in 36 @entity1 (group C). @entity1183 and @entity158 were assessed using von Frey monofilaments. Quality of life was investigated with Short Form 36. RESULTS: @entity158 occurring at least once a week was found in 7 (17.5%) @entity1 of group A, in 5 (25%) @entity1 of group B, and in 6 (16.6%) @entity1 of group C. Area and intensity of hyposensibility were increased significantly after open nonmesh and mesh repair compared to those after laparoscopy (p = 0.01). Hyposensibility in @entity1 who had @entity547 repair was significantly associated with @entity282 (p = 0.03). @entity282 was somatic in 19 (61%), neuropathic in 9 (29%), and visceral in 3 (10%) @entity1 without significant differences between the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1183 in @entity1 who had @entity547 repair is significantly lower than in those who had open hernia repair. @entity1183 after laparoscopic but not after open repair is significantly associated with @entity282 . Von Frey monofilaments are important tools for the assessment of inguinal @entity1183 and @entity158 in @entity1 who had @entity169 allowing quantitative and qualitative comparison between various surgical techniques.

title: Postoperative hypoesthesia and XXXX : qualitative assessment after open and laparoscopic @entity169 .

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoesthesia', 'hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic hernia']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Type of postoperative pain', 'postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1311 is a novel agent with significant activity in several @entity5 . Preclinical data suggested that @entity1499 prior to @entity1311 would be synergistic. To determine the qualitative and quantitative @entity137 of this regimen we performed a phase I study in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5 previously treated with no more than two prior chemotherapy regimens were given @entity1499 intravenously on day 1, followed by @entity1311 , as a 24-hour infusion on day 2. The starting dose (level '0') was 40 mg/m2 for @entity1499 and 135 mg/m2 for @entity1311 . RESULTS: After achieving a maximum tolerated dose, additional @entity1 were enrolled with the addition of @entity1261 5 mu g/kg/d on days 4-13. At the starting dose level, dose-limiting @entity137 consisting of @entity221 occurred in 3 of 4 @entity1 . At dose level -1, @entity1499 30 mg/m2 and @entity1311 110 mg/m2, @entity221 occurred in 7 of 10 @entity1 during the first course. At dose level -2, @entity1499 23 mg/m2 and @entity1311 85 mg/m2, @entity221 occurred in 1 of 7 @entity1 . To abrogate the @entity1398 we explored the same combination with the addition of @entity1261 . @entity221 remained the only dose-limiting @entity137 . At dose level '0' with @entity1261 , 1 of 7 @entity1 developed dose-limiting @entity137 . At dose level 1 plus @entity1261 , @entity1499 40 mg/m2 and @entity1311 170 mg/m2, dose-limiting @entity221 occurred in 4 of 6 @entity1 . Partial responses occurred in 4 of 41 @entity1 entered on this study. Pharmacokinetic data suggested that @entity1499 did not increase @entity1311 levels. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity1499 and @entity1311 is feasible, but @entity221 , even with the addition of @entity1261 prevents further escalations of @entity1311 beyond 135 mg/m2 following @entity1499 .

title: A phase I investigation of the sequential use of @entity1499 and @entity1311 with and without XXXX for the treatment of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever', 'Neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['G-CSF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1074 are indolent @entity1892 associated with @entity792 and @entity32 . The two most frequent variants are mucosa associated lymphoid tissues marginal @entity706 and @entity1074 . The aim of the study was to determine if it is possible to classify splenic and @entity6595 according to karyometric features. METHODS: The material consisted of 16 splenic and 14 @entity6595 . The measurements were done with the AnalySIS image analysis system. In each case at least 100 nuclei were selected, and 19 different geometric parameters were measured. RESULTS: On statistical analysis, the nuclei of splenic and @entity6595 showed differences in most parameters, but significant overlap of the values was present. Neural networks were trained and used for classification of the data. By this method, the nuclei were properly classified with a sensitivity of 0.75 and specificity of 0.71. In addition, in all the cases the majority of the nuclei were properly classified, thus allowing correct classification of all the cases into "splenic" or "gastric". CONCLUSION: These results support the view that mucosa-associated @entity706 and @entity1074 are separate entities.

title: Karyometric comparison of splenic and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['zone lymphomas', 'lymphoid tissue lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['Marginal zone lymphomas', 'splenic marginal zone lymphomas', 'splenic marginal-zone lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity6595 :: (MESH:C535648,Disease) :: ['gastric marginal zone lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of @entity1667 on the cytokine balance during cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, nonblinded study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity1 on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. INTERVENTIONS: According to a randomized sequence, the @entity1 either received @entity1667 (30 mg/kg) [corrected] before cardiopulmonary bypass and before declamping of the aorta (MPS group, n = 11) or received nothing (control group, n = 10). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-8, @entity650 ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity688 , @entity1193 ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum @entity650 and @entity687 concentrations in the control group (15.2 +/- 4.1 and 14.1 +/- 1.9 pg/mL, preoperatively) increased to 242 +/- 70.1 and 97.3 +/- 18.3 pg/mL at 60 mins after declamping of the aorta (p < .01, p < .01, respectively). The increases were greater than those from 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 pg/mL to 109.5 +/- 29.0 and 33 +/- 4.1 pg/mL in the MPS group for @entity650 and @entity687 , respectively. Serum @entity688 concentrations increased significantly 60 mins after declamping of the aorta compared with its preoperative value in the two groups (the control group, from 1.0 +/- 0 to 537.9 +/- 61.7 pg/mL; the MPS group, from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 654.9 +/- 24 pg/mL [p < .01, p < .01, respectively]). No difference was found between the two groups. Similarly, serum @entity1193 concentrations in the two groups increased the preoperative value in the control group from 304 +/- 120 to 44,374 +/- 14,631 pg/mL and in the MPS group from 616.5 +/- 109.6 to 35,598 +/- 9,074 pg/mL at 60 mins after declamping of the aorta (p < .01, p < .01, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1667 reduces the production of @entity650 and @entity687 but not that of @entity688 and @entity1193 . These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect of @entity1667 may be to make changes in the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance.

title: Influence of XXXX on cytokine balance during cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Limits for sphincter preservation in @entity5 have been expanded under the assumption that @entity1 with a permanent colostomy have worse quality of life (QoL). @entity322 and @entity158 defecation are common problems; therefore, this study compares functional outcome and QoL after sphincter-sparing intersphincteric resection (ISR), low anterior resection (LAR), and abdominoperineal resection (APR) for @entity5 . METHODS: From a prospective database, three matched groups of @entity1 after surgery for @entity5 between 1999 and 2009 were extracted. Median follow-up was 59 months. Of 131 @entity1 receiving a questionnaire, 95 % could be analyzed further. Generic and disease-specific validated QoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment in @entity5 QLQ-C30, CR38) and Wexner @entity322 score were used. RESULTS: Global QoL was comparable between the groups. Physical functioning was significantly better after sphincter preservation surgery than APR (p < 0.05). Symptom scores for @entity294 ( @entity294 ) and @entity1142 ( @entity1142 ) were higher after sphincter-preserving surgery (ISR: @entity294 45.4, @entity1142 20.2; LAR: @entity294 34.1, @entity1142 25.2) compared to APR ( @entity294 16.6, @entity1142 12.0) (p < 0.05 and <0.01, respectively). Disease-specific QoL assessment showed significantly worse QoL regarding to male sexual function after APR (80.8) than after ISR (53.6) (p < 0.005). Regarding defecation, the ISR group showed significantly higher symptom scores than @entity1 after LAR (p < 0.05). Wexner scores were significantly higher after ISR (12.9) than after LAR (9.5) (p < 0.005).

title: Quality of life of @entity1 after low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resection for XXXX --a matched-pair analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'DIA']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['CON', 'constipation']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate a technique of gradual monitored @entity432 (ICA) followed by ligation for @entity439 as an option for balloon test occlusion followed by permanent ligation of ICA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors retrospectively analyzed 27 @entity1 with @entity3538 who underwent carotid artery ligation between January 2001 and December 2010. Clinical presentation included @entity10 , @entity1018 and @entity892 . There were 19 @entity1 with cavernous @entity439 , 5 supraclinoid, 1 ophthalmic, 1 petrous segment and 1 cervical segment @entity439 located extracranially. All demonstrated good cross-circulation. Selverstone clamp was used for gradual occlusion of the ICA over 72 h under closed observation in the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Six @entity1 developed @entity1269 in the postoperative period. Improvement occurred in one @entity1 over two to three weeks while the remaining five @entity1 had @entity1269 . One @entity1 developed @entity2500 for which decompressive craniectomy had to be done. There was no mortality in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: Gradual monitored occlusion and ICA ligation may be a simple, safe alternative procedure to clipping in surgically inaccessible and complex @entity439 , especially for surgeons with limited experience. Cross circulation study is an absolute requisite for carotid ligation.

title: Monitored gradual XXXX followed by ligation for giant internal carotid artery @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'residual hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['malignant MCA infarct']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['giant and complex ICA aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'giant aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion of the internal carotid artery']


abstract: Pulmonary resection under general anesthesia induces various degrees of @entity519 that adversely impacts on postoperative recovery. Consecutive of 53 @entity1 undergoing anatomical pulmonary resection were enrolled in this study to accurately define predictors of @entity86 . Preoperative variables studied included spirometric variables, blood gases, and extent of low attenuation area (below -910 Hounsfield units) on a three-dimensional computed tomography lung model. Arterial @entity26 saturation was calculated from arterial partial pressure of @entity26 measured 1 day before and 1 day after surgery with @entity1 at rest breathing room air. Postoperatively, the @entity1 were managed according to a standardized regimen. According to stepwise multiple regression analysis, preoperative @entity26 saturation and the extent of low attenuation area were selected as the best predictors of postoperative @entity26 saturation. Regression equation was generated with these two variables. The predicted postoperative @entity26 saturation was significantly dependent on the length of management (P<0.01). Using a radiographic parameter, we established a novel means of predicting @entity86 that impacted on postoperative recovery. Because this radiographic parameter was superior to conventional spirometric variables for prediction of @entity86 , further confirmation of its usefulness in predicting risk after pulmonary resection is warranted.

title: Prediction of XXXX after lung resection surgery.

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hypoxemia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxemia']


abstract: @entity66 , such as @entity565 and @entity2023 , are common conditions that can influence sleep and subsequent daytime functioning. @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity56 from ethnic minority groups might be particularly vulnerable to poor sleep and compromised daytime functioning because of the prevalence of these illnesses in these groups and the high level of morbidity. Research over the past 10 years has shed light on the pathophysiologic mechanisms (eg, inflammatory mediators) involved in many @entity66 that can underlie sleep disruptions as a consequence of the presence of nocturnal symptoms. Associations between nocturnal symptoms and sleep and poorer quality of life as a result of missed sleep have been demonstrated across studies. @entity1 with severe @entity221 and poor control appear to bear the most burden in @entity25 . @entity25 @entity1353 is also more common in @entity1 with @entity56 . Upper and lower airway resistance can increase the risk for @entity25 @entity1353 events. In @entity1 with @entity2023 , nasal congestion is a risk factor for @entity386 and snoring. Finally, consistent and appropriate use of medications can minimize nocturnal @entity565 or allergic symptoms that might disrupt sleep. Despite these advances, there is much room for improvement in this area. A  summary of the sleep and @entity56 literature is reviewed, with methodological, conceptual, and clinical suggestions presented for future research.

title: Sleep and XXXX : a summary of the literature and future directions for research.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atopic diseases', 'Atopic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions', 'allergic disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered', 'Sleep-disordered', 'terms of sleep impairment']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: The effect of @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) on cytosolic @entity460 homeostasis was studied in suspensions of ovine large or small luteal cells from superovulated ewes. In large cells loaded with @entity593 (AM), resting cytosolic-free @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) was 62 +/- 5 nM (Hanks' medium, pH 7.15), and PGF2 alpha (0.5 microM) induced a rapid transient increase in [ @entity141 ]i to 152 +/- 6 nM, which then decreased to 97 +/- 6 nM within 3 min and remained at this level for the remainder of the treatment period (10-20 min). PGF2 alpha did not alter intracellular pH (pHi) in cells loaded with snarf-1 (AM) (pHi indicator). The transient nature of the [ @entity141 ]i increase was due, at least in part, to the ability of PGF2 alpha to stimulate (P less than 0.05) 45 @entity141 efflux. In small cells, resting [ @entity141 ]i was 57 +/- 5 nM, and no change in [ @entity141 ]i levels or pHi occurred with the addition of PGF2 alpha. PGF2 alpha also did not affect 45Ca2+ efflux in small cells. @entity460 uptake was not significantly altered by PGF2 alpha in large or small cells. Data from kinetic analysis of the @entity460 transient was best fit to a two-compartment model consisting of a rapidly effluxing compartment and a slowly effluxing compartment. The size and rate constants were 62 +/- 10 nM and 3.6 +/- 1 @entity1009 , respectively, for the rapidly effluxing compartment and 140 +/- 9 nM and 0.02 +/- 0.002 @entity1009 , respectively, for the slowly effluxing compartment. These results provide evidence for a direct effect of PGF2 alpha specifically on the ovine large luteal cell that involves alterations in [ @entity141 ]i and @entity460 flux. This effect is likely to be involved in intracellular mediation of the signal for luteal regression.

title: @entity3774 -induced XXXX transient in ovine large luteal cells: I. Alterations in cytosolic-free @entity460 levels and @entity460 flux.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report three cases of @entity9312 , a rare disease of unknown aetiology with @entity9312 ( @entity498 ), also known as Rosai-Dorfman (RD) disease, in a paediatric population. This proliferative histiocytic disorder is defined by histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) characteristics and can manifest as nodal involvement with variable enlargement of the lymph nodes (two cases) and extranodal manifestations involving skin and larynx involvement (one case). One @entity1 had @entity4754 . The morphological investigation revealed that all lymph nodes showed @entity1373 of sinuses with abundant histiocytic cell with intracytoplasmic lymphocytes. Skin and larynx biopsies showed a histiocyte and lymphocyte infiltrate with similar characteristics. An ultrastructural study was carried out on material from one @entity1 . In the IHC study, @entity498 cells expressed phagocytic markers such as @entity469 and S100, but markers for Langerhan's ( @entity4896 ) or dendritic cells (DRC, @entity7527 and CNA42) were absent. Two @entity1 had a complete remission after surgical excision and no other treatment, but the third @entity1 was treated with radiotherapy after a relapse with obstruction of the upper airway. CONCLUSION: This disorder must be considered in the differential diagnosis of young @entity1 who exhibit massive or multiple @entity3329 , especially when involvement of the cervical area occurs. Due to the good outcome of the disease, a conservative approach is justified.

title: Sinus histiocytosis with XXXX ( @entity9312 ): clinico-pathological study of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathies']

entities_list: @entity9312 :: ('MESH:D015618', 'Disease') :: ['sinus histiocytosis', 'massive lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4754 :: ('MESH:D006942', 'Disease') :: ['hypergammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity9312 :: (MESH:D015618,Disease) :: ['massive lymphadenopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ocular imaging devices provide quantitative structural information that might improve @entity726 progression detection. This study examined scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) population-derived versus individual-derived cut-off criteria for detecting progression. METHODS: Forty-eight healthy, @entity726 suspect and @entity726 subjects, providing 76 eyes were used. All subjects had reliable @entity227 ( @entity227 ) and SLP scans acquired at the same visits from >= 4 visits. @entity227 progression was defined by guided progression analysis (GPA) and by the @entity227 index. SLP measurements were analysed by fast mode (FM) GPA, compared with the population rate of progression, and extended mode (EM) GPA, compared with the individual variability. The agreement between progression detection methods was measured. RESULTS: Poor agreement was observed between progression defined by @entity227 and FM and EM. The difference in temporal-superior-nasal-inferior-temporal (TSNIT) average rate of change between @entity227 defined progressors and non-progressors for both FM (p=0.010) and EM (p=0.015) was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is poor agreement between @entity227 and SLP progression regardless of the use of population derived or individual variability criteria. The best SLP progression detection method could not be ascertained, therefore, acquiring three SLP scans per visit is recommended.

title: Detection of XXXX progression by population and individual derived variability criteria.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'visual field']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: @entity3620 of the tunica vaginalis testis, is a very rare @entity5 with highly @entity146 biological behaviour. It usually occurs in @entity1 aged between 55 and 75 years. A testicular mass is always observed, often accompanied with hydrocele. The response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is poor. Initial @entity146 surgery is necessary. The median survival, without surgical treatment @entity4318 months. A rare case of @entity3620 of the tunica vaginalis testis, observed in a @entity1 affected by @entity263 is reported. A radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed. The @entity1 was suffering from @entity3833 and there was a suspect area at the digital examination. Rectal ultrasonography and biopsy showed an @entity420 at T1c clinical stage. A radical prostatectomy was carried out and histology showed an @entity420 , Gleason score 7 pT3bN0M0. Surgery was followed by radiation therapy. After three years, a @entity2080 , a cutaneous mass and testicular nodule were observed and cytological examination showed endothelial cells. Scrotal orchiectomy was performed, because he was suffering from @entity2415 . Cytological examination confirmed @entity3620 of the tunica vaginalis testis. Only 73 cases of this @entity5 have been reported in the last 30 years. The therapeutic options for this @entity146 @entity5 are discussed. Since chemotherapy and radiation therapy had poor results, a rapid surgical treatment, by radical orchiectomy, is important.

title: [Unusual case of mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['pleural seroma']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate if there is an association between plaque enhancement at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proinflammatory cardiovascular risk factors and plaque content. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed with informed consent, HIPAA compliance, and institutional review board approval. Contrast agent dynamics within carotid plaques were measured in 30 @entity1 (29 @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age, 67.7 years +/- 10.7 [standard deviation]) who were scheduled to undergo carotid endarterectomy. Measurements were based on kinetic modeling of images obtained at 15-second intervals during which a @entity2287 -based contrast agent was injected. The time-varying signal intensities within the plaques were used to estimate the fractional plasma volume (vp) and transfer constant (Ktrans) of contrast material into the extracellular space. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed between blinded MR measurements and histologic measurements of plaque composition, including macrophages, neovasculature, @entity39 core, calcification, loose matrix, and dense fibrous tissue. Correlation coefficients or mean differences were computed regarding clinical markers of cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: Analyzable MR images and histologic results were obtained in 27 @entity1 . Measurements of Ktrans correlated with macrophage (r = 0.75, P < .001), neovasculature (r = 0.71, P < .001), and loose matrix (r = 0.50, P = .01) content. Measurements of v(p) correlated with macrophage (r = 0.54, P = .004), neovasculature (r = 0.68, P < .001), and loose matrix (r = 0.42, P = .03) content. For clinical parameters, significant associations were correlated with Ktrans only, with decreased high-density lipoprotein levels (r = -0.66, P < .001) and elevated Ktrans measurements in smokers compared with nonsmokers (mean, 0.134 min(-1) vs 0.074 min(-1), respectively; P = .01). CONCLUSION: The correlations between Ktrans and histologic markers of @entity32 suggest that Ktrans is a quantitative and noninvasive marker of @entity32 , which is further supported by the correlation of Ktrans with proinflammatory cardiovascular risk factors, decreased high-density lipoprotein levels, and smoking.

title: XXXX in carotid atherosclerotic plaque: a dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'plaque inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: RATIONALE: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity16372 ) receptor ( @entity18870 ) is required for the recruitment of neutrophils in response to infection. @entity16372 induces its own expression in lung epithelial cells, which involves its interaction with cell surface @entity18870 . Regulation of @entity18870 expression is therefore crucial for @entity16372 -mediated signaling in infectious @entity647 ( @entity647 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of @entity16372 in @entity18870 expression during @entity647 caused by @entity295 . METHODS: We used Western blot, Northern blot, Northwestern assay, and immunohistochemistry. @entity1391 -buffered saline- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated wild-type and @entity16372 (-/-) @entity19 were used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Biological activities of @entity16372 , including proteolysis, cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, are dependent on its association with @entity18870 . Bacterial endotoxin (LPS) is a major cause of @entity358 and infection-associated mortality. The present study shows that LPS induces @entity18870 expression both in vitro and in vivo, and that the mechanism involves post-transcriptional stabilization of @entity18870 mRNA by reciprocal interaction of @entity16055 kinase (PGK) and @entity6590 ( @entity6590 ) with @entity18870 mRNA coding region and 3' untranslated region determinants, respectively. The process involves @entity669 phosphorylation of PGK and @entity6590 . @entity16372 (-/-) @entity19 failed to induce @entity18870 expression after LPS treatment. In these @entity19 , LPS treatment failed to alter the binding of PGK and @entity6590 protein with @entity18870 mRNA due to lack of @entity669 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that induction of LPS-mediated @entity18870 expression is mediated through @entity669 phosphorylation of PGK and @entity6590 . This involves expression of @entity16372 as an obligate intermediary.

title: Post-transcriptional regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression in lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6590 :: ('15381(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['hnRNPC', 'heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C']

entities_list: @entity16055 :: ('CHEBI:61304', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoglycerate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) play an important role in the host immune response to @entity5 . When these cells are reinfused into @entity5 @entity1 after in vitro expansion with lymphokines such as @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ), they often induce regression of @entity5 metastases. We obtained TIL of enzymatic digestion of 7 @entity1 solid @entity5 and then cultured them with @entity5041 and @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) at different concentrations for about 36 days. Immunophenotypic analysis was performed at the end of the second and fourth week; cytotoxic activity against autologous and heterologous targets was assessed on the 30th day of culture. The best lymphocytic growth was observed when we used @entity5041 and @entity3646 for the first two weeks of culturing and then continued with @entity5041 alone. CD3 and CD56 cells formed the majority of TIL in all cultures. In 4 cases @entity404 cells predominated at the initial stage of culturing, with @entity405 cells gradually increasing and finally inverting the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio. Autologous cytotoxicity (3/4 cases) appeared to be better in those @entity1 in whom the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio was inverted. These data enable identification of the combination of lymphokines that will will best provide expansion of live TIL active against tumoral cells. This procedure must be followed before in vivo reinfusion of expanded lymphocytes is carried out.

title: [Analysis of growth, phenotype and cytotoxic activity of XXXX infiltrating lymphocytes expanded in vitro with @entity1199 and @entity3646 : preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity1252 is a disease commonly associated with peripheric circulation disturbances. The goal of the study was the evaluation of the role of the following nuclear antibodies: anti-Ro ( @entity6540 ), anti-La ( @entity6016 ) and anti-Sm in the endothelium damage process in the @entity1252 @entity1 with symptoms of microcirculation disturbances. The concentration of plasma thrombomodulin was used as a marker of the endothelium destructive changes intensity. Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity1252 (22 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) aged of 18-57 (the average age 40.50 +/- 9.72 years) in which occurred: the Raynauds symptom (16 @entity1 ), fingers @entity848 (5 @entity1 ) and fingers and/or toes @entity39 (3 @entity1 ) were investigated. Antinuclear antibodies and thrombomodulin level was estimated with the ELISA method. In all @entity1 , the concentration of anticardiolipin antibodies in serum was determined (ELISA-method, @entity6894 was used as an antigenes, Sigma USA). Higher titers of ANA antibodies in 83%, anti-SM antibodies in 30%, anti-Ro in 42% and anti-La in 42%, examined @entity1 and higher titer of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies together in 29% of examined @entity1 were stated. Statistical significant correlation between the increased level of thrombomodulin and anti-La antibodies concentrations in serum of @entity1 with the disease lasting over 6 years was found out. The significant statistical correlation of thrombomodulin concentration increasing and anti-La antibodies in serum was proved. The dynamism of limbs circulation disorders depends on the disease duration.

title: [Endothelial response for the presence of chosen antinuclear antibodies, anti-Ro ( @entity6540 ( @entity6016 ) and anti-Sm in vasculitis against the background of existing XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematodes']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity669 kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective in treating @entity5 and were lately suggested to have an impact on non-malignant diseases. However, in some inflammatory conditions like @entity309 ( @entity309 ) the in vivo effect seemed to be moderate. As most TKIs are taken up actively into cells by cell membrane transporters, this study aimed to evaluate the role of such transporters for the accumulation of the TKI @entity2213 mesylates in @entity309 synovial fibroblasts as well as their regulation under inflammatory conditions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The transport and accumulation of @entity2213 was investigated in transporter-transfected HEK293 cells and @entity1 @entity309 synovial fibroblasts (hRASF). Transporter expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. In transfection experiments, @entity53236 showed the highest apparent affinity for @entity2213 among all known @entity2213 transporters. Experiments quantifying the @entity2213 uptake in the presence of specific transporter inhibitors and after siRNA knockdown of @entity53236 indeed identified @entity53236 to mediate @entity2213 transport in hRASF. The anti-proliferative effect of @entity2213 on PDGF stimulated hRASF was quantified by cell counting and directly correlated with the uptake activity of @entity53236 . Expression of @entity53236 was investigated by Western blot and immuno-fluorescence. @entity2213 transport under disease-relevant conditions, such as an altered pH and following stimulation with different cytokines, was also investigated by HPLC. The uptake was significantly reduced by an acidic extracellular pH as well as by the cytokines @entity310 , @entity1356 and @entity650 , which all decreased the expression of @entity53236 -mRNA and protein. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The regulation of @entity2213 uptake via @entity53236 in hRASF and resulting effects on their proliferation may explain moderate in vivo effects on @entity309 . Moreover, our results suggest that investigating transporter mediated drug processing under normal and pathological conditions is important for developing intracellular acting drugs used in inflammatory diseases.

title: Transport mechanisms and their pathology-induced regulation govern @entity669 kinase inhibitor delivery in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disorders']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity2 is the most lethal @entity5 in the United States, with 143,000 deaths predicted for 1991. The cure rate is extremely low (approximately 13%), in part because the propensity for early spread precludes surgical cure in most @entity1 . Thus, chemotherapy or other systemic therapies are the only way to improve the dismal results. @entity900 is an active agent in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and perhaps the most active agent in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The @entity137 and inconvenience of @entity900 make it less than ideal for @entity2 therapy. @entity3003 was developed to provide a less toxic, more convenient alternative to @entity900 . The data presented in this review suggest that @entity3003 may be substituted for @entity900 in the treatment of extensive-stage @entity151 . In limited-stage @entity151 , there are insufficient data to determine whether it should replace @entity900 when used simultaneously with chest irradiation and @entity2879 . It may be substituted for @entity900 in cycles not using irradiation. In @entity1149 , @entity3003 may be used alone or with etoposide for the palliative management of @entity3 . Its role in earlier stages of @entity1149 needs investigation.

title: Clinical experiences with @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']