abstract: We present our experience using @entity1068 as sclerosant of non-variceal @entity548 lesions of the upper digestive tract and the result of its hemostatic effect when compared with @entity1 who received conventional medical treatment. Since January 1989, 48 @entity1 admitted with active @entity548 or signs of high risk for rebleeding (clot or visible vessel) were submitted to @entity1463 . The historic control group included @entity1 admitted before 1989, being both groups comparable in clinical and endoscopic characteristics. Surgery was performed in 5 cases of the @entity1463 group (10.4%) versus 14 of the control group (37.8%). Five of the @entity1 in the sclerotherapy group died, one of them due to upper G.I. @entity548 as the primary cause. We dit not observe a statistically significant difference in hospital stay, transfusion requirements or mortality. There were no complications as a result of the method. Sclerotherapy was not immediately effective in 2 @entity1 ; three @entity1 who rebled were subject to new @entity1463 , which was effective in controlling @entity548 in two of them. In conclusion, @entity1463 is a safe and effective method to achieve hemostasis, diminishing the re- @entity548 and the need for surgery in cases of digestive @entity548 due to @entity10189 . Future studies using larger samples could show decrease in mortality.

title: [Sclerotherapy with 75% XXXX in the control of @entity548 caused by @entity10189 ].

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: @entity358 are seldom met. They have a prevalence of 0.4-0.7% of the cases (according to the American authors). The case under discussion is a 68-year-old @entity1 , who was admitted in the hospital for hemoptysis in low quantity but recurrent, physical asteny, @entity221 and @entity353 . The onset had been two months before admission to the hospital. The thoracic X-ray shows opacity at the left apex with marked subcostal and costal intensity, with a homogenous area of 5/6 cm. The thoracic CT exam shows multiple bilateral fibronodular images and the @entity1315 shows a cavitary image with regular and thin walls; intracavitary there is an oval formation with mixed densities of approximate 3.5/4/4.5 cm, which suggests a @entity358 . Surgery will be performed--left upper lobectomy associated with atypical resection from the left Fowler segment. During the surgery it is noticed that the left upper pulmonary vein is abnormaly in the left pulmonary hilum. It has a cranial trajectory, runs in parallel with the left phrenic nerve on the mediastinal surface of the @entity1315 then goes in the mediastinum and pours into the left vein branchocefalic trunk. The post-surgery recovery was slowly favourable with complete pulmonary re-expansion, but with the persistence of the aerial losses which imposed pleural drainage for a period of over 2 weeks.

title: [ XXXX in a @entity1 with pulmonary aspergillosis].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['left upper lobe']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Vein pulmonary anomalies', 'lung aspergilloma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary vein anomaly']


abstract: A 71 year-old female @entity1 was investigated during several months after a double left hemispheric lesion of vascular origin. The larger lesion was temporo-occipital, the second one parietal. The main @entity16 was a right homonymous @entity1805 . Clinical and neuroradiological data confirmed the integrity of the right hemisphere. There was neither a global deterioration of intellectual capacities nor @entity2026 . In particular, @entity227 was excluded by a series of matching and functional classification tests. Nevertheless the objects and their pictures, which the @entity1 could recognize, could not be named. The lack of words was limited to the @entity227 . No @entity1742 neither ideomotor nor ideational was present on verbal commands, but the evocation of movements for the use of objects was deficient if the stimulation was visual. This disorder is considered in the frame of the @entity227 and thus represents what we propose to call @entity227 . Further we discuss the disorders of @entity1055 which are characterized by the poor reproduction of models when executed by the right hand whereas the reproduction by the left hand is incorrect.

title: [A @entity1742 . Optic XXXX and optic @entity1742 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual agnosia', 'visual apraxia', 'visual modality', 'visual-gestural disconnection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopia']

entities_list: @entity1055 :: ('MESH:D000381', 'Disease') :: ['constructive apraxia']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: We report 29 cases of @entity420 whose clinical, gross, and microscopic appearance resembled @entity3620 . Initial criteria for inclusion in the study included availability of an open pleural biopsy or decortication specimen and microscopic evidence of neutral (periodic acid-Schiff positive) mucin in the @entity5 . The median age of the @entity1 was 63 years (range, 31 to 78 years), with a peak age in the seventh decade. There were 24 @entity1 and five @entity1 . Thirteen of them had a history of smoking; six (21%) had possible or definite occupational exposure to @entity1355 . Three (21%) of 14 lung specimens showed ferruginous bodies and two (14%) showed microscopic evidence of @entity1355 . At least 25 @entity1 had @entity1143 , most typically unilateral. Needle biopsy of pleura showed @entity5 in 10 (77%) of 13 cases. Most (20 of 29) @entity1 underwent pleural stripping. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy was each given to three @entity1 without effect. Median survival by Kaplan-Meier estimate was 8 months, with an 18-month survival of 13%. Histologically, glands (23 cases), nests (13 cases), tubulopapillary arrays (12 cases), or sheets (eight cases) of @entity5 cells were found. Spindling of neoplastic cells was seen in 10% of cases. Three (21%) of 14 lung specimens showed a @entity420 . Antibodies to polyclonal CEA, Ber-EP4, Leu-M1, and B72.3 were positive in 94%, 56%, 50%, and 44% of cases, respectively. All but one of the cases stained with two or more of the antibodies CEA, Ber-EP4, Leu-M1, or B72.3. This study indicates that @entity420 simulating @entity2615 are aggressive variants of @entity420 with a poor prognosis, that they can show pathological evidence of @entity1355 exposure in a subset of cases, and that immunohistochemical and histochemical stains are useful in their differential diagnosis with @entity3620 .

title: XXXX simulating @entity2615 : a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 29 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma', 'diffuse malignant mesotheliomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'peripheral adenocarcinomas', 'subpleural adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The results of Austin's procedure are evaluated in the group of 22 @entity1 , who have been operated on bilaterally. The @entity1 were followed up on average for 30 months (range 6-72 months). Subjective findings: Nineteen @entity1 were quite satisfied with the results of the procedure, 2 @entity1 had some minor problems, 1 @entity1 with @entity2530 of the metatarsal head was not satisfied. Disability after this operation was on average 11 weeks (range 6-21 weeks). Objective findings: An average correction of the intermetatarsal angle was 5 dg. (from 10 dg. before operation to 5 dg. after operation). An average @entity85 before operation was 30 dg., after operation 11 dg., i. e. the average correction was 19 dg. Shortening of the I. metatarsal was 3 mm. Complications: There was 1 case of @entity2530 of the Ist metatarsal head, related to @entity1835 indication in @entity24070 . Four @entity1 had lateral displacement of the metatarsal head with the subsequent rotation into @entity85 . In five @entity1 the shortening of Ist metatarsal was more than 6 mm. In one @entity1 hallux varus developed unilaterally 2 years after operation. Analysis of our results showed clearly that correct indication and operative technique are necessary for good results. Austins procedure appears to correct also severe @entity4553 i.e. more than 30 dg. Key words: hallux @entity14953 of metatarsal head - Austin procedure - results.

title: [Austin Procedure for the Treatment of XXXX Part II: Results.].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14953 :: ('MESH:D060906', 'Disease') :: ['valgus - osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus deformities']

entities_list: @entity24070 :: ('MESH:D020859', 'Disease') :: ['hallux rigidus']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['Hallux Valgus']


abstract: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is a new concept that attempts to reduce the impact of surgery on the @entity1 . In surgical oncology several studies have already revealed that a minimally invasive approach provides at least the same, if not a better, long-term outcome. One could hypothesize that a less invasive approach such as NOTES could further enhance such advantages. Since its initial description, NOTES has become clinical reality and today nearly every organ is accessible by a transluminal approach, in at least the experimental setting. Subsequent to published research, first clinical studies on NOTES in oncology were reported and the accuracy of transgastric peritoneoscopy for staging of @entity788 was shown to be similar to laparoscopy in @entity1 . A NOTES gastro-jejunostomy via transgastric access has also been proposed to decrease invasiveness of palliative treatment of @entity788 . @entity14 resection via transanal access would offer a clear-cut @entity1 advantage over laparoscopic and would not be subject to the frequent criticism of violating an innocent second organ, as the colon or rectum is always breached in a colectomy. Natural orifice endoluminal therapies, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, already have been clinically applied for several years. Improved techniques or instruments evolving from NOTES technology might enhance its widespread use for the treatment of @entity5 and thereby again will provide a tremendous benefit for the @entity1 . Although still somewhat controversial, the subject of natural orifice surgery in oncological disease indicates that current laboratory efforts to introduce NOTES into @entity5 surgery could be ready for cautious clinical investigations. The final determination of @entity1 benefit will need well-constructed prospective study.

title: Advances in XXXX surgery: natural orifice surgery (NOTES) for oncological diseases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas cancer', 'duodenal, biliary and pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since 1957, when the concept of rotation-advancement repair was introduced by Millard, this technique has become the procedure of choice for @entity3384 worldwide. More recently, modifications described by Noordhoof, Mohler, Skoog, and McComb started being jointly performed so that better results could be obtained. In this study, the nasal position was evaluated and related to the size of the cleft. The primary @entity3384 repair was performed through a modified technique. METHODS: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity3384 underwent primary surgical repair through this technique. To analyze aesthetic results, a severity classification of deformities and a scoring system for evaluation of the results were established based on nasal alar lateralization, dome position, alignment of bone segments, and deviation of the columella. RESULTS: By means of the established system, 26.6% of mild forms, 13.4% of moderate forms, and 60% of severe forms were observed. Among aesthetic results, 17.8% were found to be good, and 82.2% were considered excellent. Among aspects considered negative, late deformity of the lower lateral cartilage prevailed. CONCLUSIONS: Through the presented evaluation, the authors observed that there was no relation between severity of the cleft and final position of the nose. Among the 27 @entity1 considered to have had severe forms of @entity2419 , 22 were classified as excellent results (81.5%). To obtain better results along time, technical refinements and the critical analysis of results must be performed on a routinely basis.

title: Evaluation of primary XXXX repair: severity of the cleft versus final position of the nose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft deformity']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral cleft lip']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['cleft nose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report two cases of a possible adverse interaction between @entity1338 and @entity1855 resulting in @entity713 in both @entity1 and severe @entity551 in one @entity1 . CASE SUMMARIES: A 54-year-old @entity1 with @entity1368 was treated with @entity1855 480 mg/d and @entity1482 100 mg/d. After the addition of a minimal dose of @entity1338 (0.15 mg @entity5353 ), she developed complete @entity713 and severe @entity551 , which resolved upon cessation of all medications. A 65-year-old @entity1 was treated with extended-release @entity1855 240 mg/d. After the addition of @entity1338 0.15 mg @entity5353 she developed complete @entity713 , which resolved after all therapy was stopped. DISCUSSION: An adverse interaction between @entity1338 and @entity1855 has not been reported previously. We describe two such cases and discuss the various mechanisms that might cause such an interaction. Clinicians should be acquainted with this possibly fatal interaction between two commonly used antihypertensive drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Caution is recommended in combining @entity1338 and @entity1855 therapy, even in @entity1 who do not have @entity1817 . The two drugs may act synergistically on both the AV node and the peripheral circulation.

title: Adverse interaction between XXXX and @entity1855 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['AV block', 'atrioventricular (AV) block']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sinus or AV node dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['hyperaldosteronism']

answer: @entity1338 :: (MESH:D003000,Chemical) :: ['clonidine']


abstract: AIMS: Irradiation-induced damage to pulmonary endothelial cells is thought to be an important mediator of the pathogenesis of radiation pneumonopathy. @entity23943 ( @entity7312 ) has been shown to have a protective effect against oxidative stress. This study was designed to investigate the potential radioprotective effect of @entity7312 against irradiation-induced endothelial cellular damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. MAIN METHODS: @entity1 EA.hy926 cells were treated with @entity7312 and irradiation. Cell viability was measured using a @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. For the detection of apoptosis, morphological observation, flow cytometry and a @entity522 activity assay were employed. The expression of @entity4674 and @entity589 / @entity588 protein were detected by western blot analysis. Generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry. @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) were measured to assess cellular oxidative stress induced @entity130 . KEY FINDINGS: Preincubation of EA.hy926 cells with @entity7312 before gamma-radiation resulted in significant inhibition of apoptosis and enhancement of cell viability, as revealed by morphological observation, flow cytometry and @entity98 assay. @entity7312 significantly reduced intracellular ROS formation, levels of intracellular @entity1865 and LDH, and enhanced the production of intracellular antioxidants ( @entity2197 and SOD) in EA.hy926 cells. Meanwhile, @entity7312 also inhibited the decrease of intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (psim), @entity522 activation, @entity4674 release and reduced @entity589 / @entity588 ratio in @entity7312 pretreated, irradiated cells. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings demonstrated @entity7312 could effectively protect endothelial cells against gamma-irradiation @entity130 , which could potentially be applied to the prevention of endothelial cell dysfunctions associated with ionizing irradiation-induced @entity651 .

title: Protective effects of @entity23943 against gamma-radiation induced damage to XXXX endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity23943 :: ('MESH:C014215', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydropalmatine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathological features of the lung in @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) have not been established. This study was carried out on lungs taken at necropsy to examine the incidence and extent of @entity1031 , @entity1188 , and @entity548 . METHODS: The subjects were 87 @entity1 whose illnesses were complicated by @entity5642 and 64 @entity1 who showed no @entity1003 in their @entity221 . The lungs were fixed by intrabronchial infusion of 10% @entity406 , cut into 5 mm thick slices, and each cut surface was carefully examined for macroscopic @entity1031 , @entity1188 , and @entity548 . Five tissue blocks per case were taken for quantitative analysis of microscopic @entity1031 . RESULTS: In the control group macroscopic @entity1031 was identified in 20 cases (31.3%), @entity1188 in one, and @entity548 also in one. Moreover, fibrin @entity715 was seen in 13 cases (20.3%) and microthromboembolism in 24 (37.5%). Of the 87 @entity1 with @entity5642 , @entity1031 was found in 51 cases (58.6%), @entity1188 in six, @entity548 in 14, microscopic fibrin @entity715 in 43 (49.4%), and microthromboembolism in 45 (51.7%). Macroscopic @entity1031 , @entity548 , and fibrin @entity715 were found more often in the @entity1 with @entity5642 . CONCLUSIONS: In addition to fibrin @entity715 , macroscopic @entity1031 and @entity548 were the main pathological findings in the lungs of @entity1 dying with @entity5642 . The frequency of @entity8995 increased in proportion to the frequency of @entity1031 .

title: Incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism, @entity1188 and XXXX in @entity5642 : a necroscopic analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarction']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effect of two home-based exercise interventions (one culturally adapted and one standard) on changes in @entity73 ( @entity73 ) variables, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST), and determined the association between changes in @entity73 variables and changes in PA and ST in @entity0 survivors. METHOD: Project VIVA! was a 16-week randomized controlled pilot study to test the effectiveness and feasibility of a culturally adapted exercise intervention for Mexican American and Puerto Rican @entity0 survivors in Houston, Texas and San Juan, Puerto Rico, respectively. @entity1 (N   =   89) completed questionnaires on @entity73 variables, PA, and ST and were then randomized to a 16-week culturally adapted exercise program, a non-culturally adapted standard exercise intervention or a wait-list control group. Multiple regression models were used to determine associations between changes in @entity73 variables and changes in PA and ST. RESULTS: @entity1 were in their late 50s (58.5        9.2  years) and @entity28 (31.0        6.5  kg/m(2) ). @entity1 reported doing roughly 34.5  min/day of PA and spending over 11  h/day in sedentary activities. Across groups, @entity1 reported significant increases in exercise self-efficacy and moderate-intensity, vigorous-intensity, and total PA from baseline to follow-up (p   <   0.05). Increased social support from family was associated with increases in vigorous-intensity PA. Increases in social modeling were associated with increases in moderate-intensity and total PA and with decreases in ST from baseline to follow-up (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic @entity5 survivors benefit from PA interventions that focus on increasing social support from family and friends and social modeling. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Longitudinal social cognitive influences on physical activity and sedentary time in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Hispanic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SCT', 'social cognitive theory']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Hispanic breast cancer']


abstract: DESIGN: The dysregulation of homeostasis of blood-T lymphocyte subpopulations was studied in 21 cases of chronic, @entity1907 refractory to treatment. The clinico-bacteriological and immunological parameters studied in these cases (Gr A) were compared with those of a group of 10 newly-diagnosed drug sensitive cases of @entity1907 (Gr B) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of chemotherapy for @entity378 . The chronic cases were treated with drugs selected from a reserve line. 10 normal healthy individuals were included in this study as a control group. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study the mean @entity404 / @entity405 lymphocyte ratios in the refractory cases (0.69) and the newly diagnosed cases (0.81) were significantly lower than those of the normal control subjects (1.84). After 3 months of chemotherapy all but 3 of the newly-diagnosed cases showed clinical improvement, and all became sputum-negative. Their @entity404 / @entity405 ratio recorded a rise to near normal (1.54). On the contrary, following 3 months of reserve-line regimen, only 7 of the 21 group A cases showed sputum conversion. In all of the refractory cases, irrespective of sputum conversion, the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio remained low (1.05). CONCLUSION: This probably indicates that due to a long-standing bacillary load in drug resistant @entity1907 @entity1 the dysregulation of homeostasis of blood-T lymphocytes becomes persistent. This in turn delays their clinical and immunological recovery, even when therapy is adequate.

title: Dysregulation of homeostasis of blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations persists in chronic @entity1907 XXXX refractory to treatment.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'multibacillary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A plethora of extracellular signals is known to induce a common set of immediate early genes. The immediate early response, therefore, must not be sufficient to determine the biological outcome. An example of this is found with the @entity4621 @entity864 ( @entity865 ). A potent activator of protein kinase C, @entity865 can either stimulate or inhibit cell proliferation, depending on the cell type. This cell context-dependent response to @entity865 is observed with two subclones of NIH 3T3 cells, the P- and the N-3T3 clones. @entity865 is a mitogen for the P-3T3 but an antimitogen for the N-3T3 cells. The immediate early pathway is activated by @entity865 in both cell types, indicating that this pathway alone does not activate DNA synthesis. The delayed induction of @entity1896 expression by @entity865 is observed only in the P-3T3 cells, correlating with mitogenesis. @entity898 does not affect the immediate early pathway but can inhibit the @entity865 -mediated induction of @entity1896 and DNA synthesis. In the N-3T3 cells, @entity865 causes an inhibition of the cyclin E-associated kinase at the G1/S transition, correlating with growth inhibition. The growth-inhibitory activity of @entity865 is not affected by @entity898 . Thus, the two @entity865 -regulated G1 pathways can be distinguished by their sensitivity to @entity898 . These results demonstrate that @entity865 can activate alternative G1 pathways. Moreover, the selection of the alternative G1 pathways is determined by the cell context, which, in turn, dictates the biological response to @entity865 .

title: Biological response to XXXX determined by alternative G1 pathways.

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Acetylcysteine', 'N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

answer: @entity4621 :: (CHEBI:37532,Chemical) :: ['phorbol ester']


abstract: The slow @entity141 channels (L-type) of the heart are stimulated by @entity268 . Elevation of @entity268 produces a very rapid increase in the number of slow channels available for voltage activation during excitation. The probability of a @entity141 channel opening and the mean open time of the channel are increased. Therefore, any agent that increases the @entity268 level of the myocardial cell will tend to potentiate ICa, @entity141 influx, and contraction. The action of @entity268 is mediated by PK-A and phosphorylation of the slow @entity141 channel protein or an associated regulatory protein (stimulatory type). The myocardial slow @entity141 channels are also regulated by @entity6708 , in a manner that is opposite or antagonistic of that of @entity268 . This has been demonstrated at both the macroscopic level (whole-cell voltage clamp) and the single-channel level. The effect of @entity6708 is mediated by PK-G and phosphorylation of a protein, for example, a regulatory protein (inhibitory type) associated with the @entity141 channel. It has been demonstrated that introduction of PK-G intracellularly causes a relatively rapid inhibition of ICa(L) in both @entity1573 and @entity35 heart cells. In addition, @entity6708 /PK-G act to stimulate a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the @entity141 channel. In addition to the slower, indirect pathway--exerted via @entity268 /PK-A--there is a faster, more direct pathway for ICa(L) stimulation by the beta-adrenergic receptor. The latter pathway involves direct modulation of the channel activity by the alpha subunit (alpha S*) of the @entity1412 protein. PK-C and calmodulin-PK also may play roles in the regulation of the myocardial slow @entity141 channels, possibly mediated by phosphorylation of some regulatory type of protein. Both protein kinases stimulate the activity of the slow @entity141 channels. Thus, it appears that the slow @entity141 channel is a complex structure, including perhaps several associated regulatory proteins, which can be regulated by a number of factors intrinsic and extrinsic to the cell (Fig. 9). The @entity8613 also have effects on the slow @entity141 channels in cells other than cardiac muscle, including neurons, smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle fibers (Tables III and IV). In cardiac muscle, the two @entity8613 have opposing effects, @entity268 stimulating and @entity6708 inhibiting. In some smooth muscles (e.g., vascular), both @entity8613 act in the same direction, namely, both inhibit ICa(L). In skeletal muscle, both @entity268 and @entity6708 act in the same direction on ICa(L), but to stimulate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of calcium slow channels of heart by XXXX and effects of ischemia.

entities_list: @entity8613 :: ('MESH:D009712', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic nucleotides']

answer: @entity8613 :: (MESH:D009712,Chemical) :: ['cyclic nucleotides']


abstract: The @entity361 ( @entity361 ) is a crucial morphological event that occurs during progression of @entity5 . We reported previously that levels of the   EF1 family proteins ( @entity18075 /  EF1 and @entity18436 / @entity18436 ), key regulators of the @entity361 , are positively correlated with @entity361 phenotypes and @entity146 of @entity0 . Here, we show that @entity12136 induces ZEB expression and activates the @entity18075 promoter, independently of its @entity1889 38 phosphorylation status. In the basal-like subtype of @entity0 cells, siRNAs targeting @entity12136 repressed expression of ZEBs and partially restored their epithelial phenotypes and sensitivity to anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity18437 , a member of the Ets transcription factor family, was originally characterized as being expressed in an epithelial-restricted pattern, placing it within the epithelium-specific ETS subfamily. @entity18437 , highly expressed in the luminal subtype of @entity0 cells, was repressed by activation of @entity8047 -ERK pathway, resulting in induction of ZEBs through @entity12136 upregulation. Conversely, @entity12136 , highly expressed in the basal-like subtype, was repressed by inactivation of @entity8047 -ERK pathway, resulting in reduction of ZEBs through @entity18437 upregulation. These findings suggest that @entity18437 and @entity12136 , whose expressions are reciprocally regulated by @entity8047 -ERK pathway, define the @entity361 phenotype through controlling expression of ZEBs in each subtype of @entity0 cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12136 and @entity18437 reciprocally regulate expression of @entity18075 / @entity18436 , dependently on ERK1/2 activity, in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['EMT', 'epithelial-mesenchymal transition']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to find the relationship between pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index (BMI) with spontaneous @entity3152 and birth weight. A prospective cohort study was performed on 576 pregnant @entity1 . Maternal BMI was determined at the first prenatal visit between 8-12 weeks' gestation and considered as the pre-pregnancy maternal weight. The @entity1 were then monitored up to delivery. Out of 576 @entity1 , 396 completed the study. The demographics of the @entity1 in all BMI groups did not differ with regard to age, height, history of abortion and employment. A total of 21 @entity1 (5.3%) were underweight; 198 @entity1 (50%) were normal weight; 117 @entity1 (29.5%) were overweight and 60 (15.2%) were @entity28 . There were no cases of morbidly @entity28 (BMI > 40 kg/m(2)) @entity1 . @entity28 in @entity1 had a positive correlation with higher gestational age at the time of delivery (r = 0.213, p = 0.015) and a heavier birth weight (r = 0.361, p = 0.008). Low birth weight had a correlation with low maternal BMI (r = 0.157, p = 0.041). Macrosomia was greater in @entity28 @entity1 (p = 0.022) and BMI had a positive correlation with @entity8455 (r = 0.224, p = 0.034). @entity3152 showed a negative correlation with maternal BMI (r = -0.124, p = 0.004) and the @entity1 with a lower BMI had a greater number of preterm deliveries (p = 0.035).

title: Relationship between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI with spontaneous XXXX and birth weight.

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'Preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity8455 :: ('MESH:D005320', 'Disease') :: ['macrosomia']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm delivery']


abstract: In adult @entity19 , direct intratesticular injection of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (o-FSH-13; AFP 2846-C, from NIAMDD, less than 1% LH contamination) at 10, 100 or 1000 ng significantly elevated concentrations of @entity251 (T) within the testis. These effects were rapid, with peak values attained by 15 min, and transient, with return to values comparable to that in the contralateral, saline-injected testis within 90 min. Intratesticular injection of FSH (1 microgram) significantly increased testicular T levels in 15- and 60-day old @entity19 . This contrasted with the effects of intratesticular administration of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity3566 ), which stimulated T production significantly at 30 days of age through adulthood. In adult @entity19 , the equivalent LH to the possible contamination in the FSH preparation (1 ng) had no effect. Intratesticular injection of 10 ng LH produced comparable stimulation to that by 100 ng FSH (approximately 7-fold). Systemic pre-treatment with a charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid (PFF) extract for 2 days reduced plasma FSH levels [86 +/- 17 (5) vs 700 +/- 8 (6); P less than 0.05], but had no effect on plasma LH. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the response to intratesticular injection of @entity3566 (2.5 mIU), FSH (100 ng) or LH (10 ng) was also significantly attenuated in these @entity19 . Intratesticular injection of PFF had no direct effect on testicular T levels. In vitro T production in the presence of @entity3566 , LH or FSH were differentially affected by the concentrations of @entity460 ( @entity141 ) or @entity1760 ( @entity1025 ) in the incubation media. The stimulatory effects of FSH were apparent at significantly lower levels of @entity141 or @entity1025 , than were those of LH or @entity3566 . The results of these studies indicate that FSH is capable of stimulating testicular T production. Furthermore, the responsiveness to FSH is qualitatively different than that to LH/ @entity3566 in terms of the age pattern, as well as the dependence on @entity141 or @entity1025 . In addition, plasma FSH levels appear to influence testicular responsiveness to direct exogenous administration of gonadotropins. These studies indicate that FSH stimulation of T production can be differentiated from those of LH, and that these effects of FSH can be observed under physiological conditions.

title: Differential effects of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones on XXXX production by @entity19 testes.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: Background and purpose - For the treatment of @entity3656 ( @entity3656 ) of between 2 and 5 cm in adolescent @entity1 , several epiphyseodesis options exist and various complications have been reported. We reviewed the 8- to 15-year outcome after @entity346 in @entity1 with LLD. @entity1 and methods - 34 @entity1 with LLD of up to 5 cm were included in the study. Mean age at epiphyseodesis was 12.8 (10-16) years. @entity346 was performed with Blount staples or 8-plates. The LLD was reviewed preoperatively, at the time of implant removal, and at follow-up. Every @entity1 had reached skeletal maturity at follow-up. Long-standing anteroposterior radiographs were analyzed with respect to the mechanical axis and remaining LLD at the time of follow-up. Possible complications were noted. Results - The mean LLD changed from 2.3 (0.9-4.5) cm to 0.8 (-1.0 to 2.6) cm at follow-up (p < 0.001). 21 @entity1 had a final LLD of < 1 cm, and 10 had LLD of < 0.5 cm. At the time of follow-up, in 32 @entity1 the mechanical axis crossed within Steven's zone 1. No deep @entity531 were seen. 4 implant failures occurred, which were managed by revision. Interpretation - @entity346 is an effective and safe option for the treatment of LLD. The timing of the procedure has to be chosen according to the remaining growth, facilitating a full correction of the LLD. If inaccurate placement of staples is avoided, substantial differences between the mechanical axes of both legs at skeletal maturity are rare.

title: XXXX for limb-length discrepancy.

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['LLDs', 'leg-length discrepancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['temporary epiphyseodesis', 'Temporary epiphyseodesis']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['infections or neurovascular lesions']

answer: @entity346 :: (MESH:D009759,Disease) :: ['Temporary epiphyseodesis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation therapy alone for @entity420 is currently evaluated by the accumulation of long-term results because of the low incidence of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity420 treated with radiation therapy alone between 1961 and 1988 were studied. The radiation therapy consisted of a combination of intracavitary and external pelvis irradiation. Intracavitary treatment was performed with low dose rate and/or high dose rate sources. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rates for Stages I, II, III, and IV were 85.7%, 66.7%, 32.3%, and 9.1%, respectively, and the 10-year survival rates were 85.7%, 60.0%, 27.6%, and 9.1%, respectively. The local control rate with high dose rate treatment was 45.5%, significantly lower than 85.7% and 72.7% with low and mixed dose rate treatments, respectively. Five-year survival and local control rates by @entity5 volume were 68.6% and 80.0% for small @entity5 , 63.6% and 66.0% for medium @entity5 , and 14.4% and 18.2% for large @entity5 , respectively. The survival rate and local control rate for large @entity5 were significantly lower than those for small and medium @entity5 . Multiple regression analysis indicated that stage and @entity5 volume were independent variables for survival and local control, respectively. Isoeffective dose expressed by time dose fractionation (TDF) was not associated with local control. Radiation complications developed in 10 @entity1 (17.2%), most of which were of moderate degree. CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy alone for @entity420 was regarded to be an effective treatment, comparable to combination therapy of surgery and radiation therapy.

title: Radiation therapy alone for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) of warm antibody type usually respond to corticosteroid therapy. However a proportion of @entity1 will have disease relapse after @entity134 -induced remission. OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence and the possible risk factors of the relapse in a cohort of @entity1 with idiopathic @entity5506 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: We conducted a retrospective and prospective study of 34 idiopathic @entity5506 @entity1 regularly followed at the Division of Hematology during January 1973 to December 2006. The medical records were reviewed for active hemolytic events and relapses, episodes of @entity281 , pattern of corticosteroids administration and tapering. Types and subtypes of autoantibodies were studied by column agglutination test (the "gel test"). RESULTS: One @entity1 with cold agglutinin disease was excluded, leaving a total of 33 @entity1 (24 with warm type, 9 with mixed warm and cold type @entity5506 ) in the study. The incidence of relapse was 1.157 episodes/ @entity1 /year. The mean duration of relapse after remission was 23 months. Episodes of recurrent @entity2142 were more frequent when @entity228 administration was tapered from high to low dose (10 mg/day of @entity617 ) within two months compared with a longer than two-month tapering (38 vs. 11 episodes; p < 0.01). In addition @entity1 receiving continuing low dose of @entity288 (< or = 10 mg/day of @entity617 ) for > 6 months had lower incidence of relapse and longer duration of remission than those with discontinuing the medication within 6 months (0.443 vs. 1.911 episodes/ @entity1 /year, p < 0.01; 37.4 vs. 10.6 months, p < 0.01). Episodes of recurrent @entity2142 were more frequently observed in @entity1 with events of @entity281 than those without @entity281 (mean 7.69 vs. 2.81, p = 0.032). Types and subtypes of autoantibodies did not seem to influence relapse in @entity5506 . CONCLUSION: Short duration of maintenance and rapid tapering of corticosteroids and @entity281 are possible risk factors of relapses/recurrent @entity2142 in idiopathic @entity5506 .

title: Incidence and risk factors of relapses in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['AIHA', 'idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an excitatory @entity535 which markedly enhances the vulnerability of neuronal cells to excitotoxicity and oxidative injury. @entity1 with severe @entity3562 exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations including @entity16 such as @entity1032 , @entity194 , and @entity410 . In this study we treated cortical astrocytes and neurons in culture with 10 and 100  M @entity5784 and after 24h exposure cytoskeletal remodeling was analyzed by immunocytochemistry. We observed dramatically altered actin cytoskeleton in astrocytes exposed to 100  M @entity5784 , with concomitant change of morphology to fusiform and/or flattened cells with retracted cytoplasm. Moreover, we observed disruption of the @entity538 ( @entity538 ) meshwork, supporting misregulation of actin cytoskeleton. Induction of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in astrocytes showed fluctuating levels along 24h exposure to both @entity5784 concentrations. Actin remodeling induced by 100  M @entity5784 was prevented by the antioxidants @entity1501 (5  M) or @entity22143 (80  M). Unlike astrocyte cytoskeleton, results evidence little susceptibility of neuron cytoskeleton until 24h of treatment, since immunocytochemical analysis showed that 10 and 100  M @entity5784 -treated neurons presented unaltered neurite arborization. Moreover, alterations in astrocyte and neuron viability were not observed along the 24h of exposure to @entity5784 . Neuron/astrocyte co-cultures evidence an anchorage dependence for neuronal survival over long exposure to @entity5784 . Taken together, these findings indicate, that the cytoskeleton of cortical astrocytes, but not of neurons in culture, is a target to @entity5784 and such effects are mediated by redox signaling. Astrocytes were able to respond to @entity5784 (100  M) reorganizing their cytoskeleton, surviving, and protecting neurons from @entity5784 damage. Moreover our results suggest a protective role for astrocytes remodeling the cytoskelon, and probably generating signals that would assure neuronal survival in response to the damage induced by @entity5784 .

title: XXXX induces cytoskeletal remodeling and production of reactive @entity26 species in cultured cortical astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['Homocysteine']


abstract: Receptors for @entity172 and thyroid hormone (T3) have related DNA-binding domains that interact with closely related DNA target sequences which enable transcriptional control. In vitro molecular studies have raised the possibility that @entity172 and T3 receptors may compete for binding to certain DNA target sites (cross-talk). However, there have been no physiological studies evaluating the abilities of @entity172 or T3 to mimic or inhibit each other in vivo in a manner consistent with a mechanism involving receptor cross-talk. To address this issue, the effects of @entity53 , @entity440 (an antiestrogen), and T3 were studied in an ovariectomized-thyroidectomized @entity35 model designed to minimize hormone interplay occurring via neuroendocrine or pharmacokinetic mechanisms. The T3 responses examined included induction of GH, somatic growth, and hepatic malic enzyme, and suppression of TSH secretion. The @entity172 responses examined included induction of pituitary kallikrein, PRL, and uterine weight; increases in serum @entity1674 ; and suppression of LH secretion. @entity53 and @entity440 acted as partial T3 agonists on GH induction, with agonist or antagonist effects depending upon T3's presence. @entity53 and @entity440 acted as pure T3 antagonists on T3 induction of somatic growth and malic enzyme. Similarly, @entity53 blocked T3-evoked decreases in bone mineral density and had no effect on bone in T3's absence. In contrast, @entity53 or @entity440 did not alter T3 feedback inhibition of TSH release or T3 induction of PRL. T3 partially mimicked @entity172 actions to suppress LH, but did not mimic or inhibit other @entity172 responses. Interestingly, the effect of @entity53 and @entity440 to increase serum @entity1674 was totally T3 dependent even though T3 tended to decrease @entity412 levels. The results indicate that physiological effects of @entity172 on GH, somatic growth, bone, malic enzyme, and serum @entity1674 exhibit properties suggestive of a mechanism involving cross-talk with T3 receptors. @entity440 fully mimicked the effects of @entity53 arising by an apparent antagonism of T3 actions, but acted as an antiestrogen in other responses.

title: @entity53 and @entity440 interactions with thyroid hormone in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Recent studies have suggested that free @entity1718 stimulate autophagy of pancreatic beta cells. The aim of this study was to verify the free @entity1718 (FFA)-induced autophagy and investigate its molecular mechanism. As reported previously, @entity2365 strongly enhanced the conversion of light chain (LC)3-I to LC3-II, a marker of activation of autophagy in INS-1 beta cells. @entity2365 -induced conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II was also observed in neuron-, muscle-, and liver-derived cells. In addition, @entity2365 induced the formation of typical autophagosomes and autolysosomes and enhanced the degradation rate of long-lived proteins. These results confirmed that @entity2365 activates autophagic flux in most of the cells. While FFAs reportedly activate several signal transduction pathways in beta cells, @entity2365 -induced autophagy was blocked by a @entity4675 inhibitor. Although enhanced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are suspected to mediate FFA-induced activation of @entity4675 , the induction of autophagy was not associated with changes in molecular markers related to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses. On the other hand, phosphorylation of double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity9657 ) paralleled @entity4675 activation. Considered together, our study suggested that FFA stimulated functional autophagy possibly through the @entity9657 - @entity4675 pathway independent of ER or oxidative stress.

title: Free XXXX stimulate autophagy in pancreatic b-cells via @entity4675 pathway.

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate', 'Palmitate']

answer: @entity1718 :: (MESH:D005227,Chemical) :: ['fatty acids']


abstract: We report a rare case of three @entity2909 of the permatic cord and testis in a 73-year-old @entity1 . Indirect, large, @entity158 , non-reducible inguinal @entity547 was diagnosed at admission. During surgery, the @entity547 was revealed. Furthermore, two @entity5 were found, both attached on the spermatic cord, and a third @entity5 close to the testis. All the @entity5 were carefully removed and no orchidectomy was performed. @entity547 repair was performed and the removed @entity5 were sent to the Pathology Department. All @entity5 were benign. At the first follow up, chromosomal analysis was also performed. Chromosomal lymphocyte analysis revealed @entity2100 at site 4q31. Two years after surgery, the @entity1 was admitted again with a new similar @entity5 , and underwent a new surgical treatment. In the case of large non-reducible inguinal hernias, surgeons have to consider @entity5 in the inguinal area in their differential diagnosis.

title: XXXX of spermatic cord and testis presenting as @entity547 --chromosomal analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['increased fragility']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia', 'hernia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Leiomyomas']


abstract: AIMS: To develop an immunosorbent agglutination assay for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii IgE antibodies (IgE-ISAGA); to assess its specificity; and to determine the role of specific IgE in the diagnosis of current @entity3251 . METHODS: Rabbit antihuman IgE capture antibody was adsorbed onto microtitre plates and @entity406 fixed tachyzoites were used to identify specific antibody. Specificity was assessed in 513 serum samples (blood donor, potentially interfering and difficult, elevated and low total IgE and @entity1582 ). Serum samples (n = 108) from 65 @entity1 with documented @entity3252 were tested, as were 26 serum samples from nine pregnant @entity1 positive for specific IgM and 30 from 20 @entity645 positive @entity1 . RESULTS: IgE-ISAGA was highly specific with only three of 513 (0.58%) positive reactions amongst the control groups, one of which (0.19%) was regarded as a false positive. Elevated total IgE did not influence specific IgE results nor did the presence of abnormal immunoglobulin concentrations. Sixty (92.3%) @entity1 with toxoplasma associated lymphadenopathy had specific IgE in one or more samples. Positive or borderline results were obtained in 68 of 77 (88.3%) serum samples taken up to four months after onset and were also detected for up to 11 months in 21 of 31 (67.7%) sera. Of the nine pregnant @entity1 with detectable specific IgM, specific IgE was absent in five (12 specimens). Specific IgE was also detected in 10 of 30 (33.3%) serum samples from the 20 @entity645 positive @entity1 , which was similar to the number with specific IgM. Neither the specific IgE nor IgM tests could distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic @entity645 positive @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: IgE-ISAGA is sensitive, specific, and easy to perform. Although results suggest that specific IgE may be less helpful than previously claimed, specific IgE has a useful role in the diagnosis of current @entity3251 when used in conjunction with other tests.

title: Specificity and usefulness of an IgE immunosorbent agglutination assay for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasma infection']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Stable isotope analysis of a novel combination of @entity505 and @entity1568 pools traced inputs and processing of @entity15296 ( @entity15296 ) and @entity15296 ( @entity15296 ) from a paper and pulp mill (PPM) in a temperate Australian estuary. Distinct @entity505 stable isotope ratios of dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ) near the PPM outfall indicated large @entity15296 and reduced @entity15296 inputs of @entity4420 . @entity4420 was remineralized to dissolved inorganic @entity505 regardless of season, but rates were lower in winter. @entity15296 discharge in winter elevated @entity4420 concentrations along much of the estuary. Distinct stable isotope ratios confirmed particulate organic matter (POM) input from @entity15296 and @entity15296 to the water column and into the sediment. This was relatively localized, indicating rapid POM settlement regardless of season. @entity15296 discharge increased nutrient inputs and enhanced algal productivity, particularly in summer when @entity38 -a concentrations were elevated throughout the estuary. @entity15296 discharge reduced p @entity515 from levels associated with @entity15296 discharge. However, the estuary remained heterotrophic as subsequent respiration or decomposition of algal material offset reductions in PPM organic matter input. The influence of the PPM was apparent throughout the estuary, demonstrating the ability of anthropogenic inputs, and changes to these, to affect ecosystem functioning.

title: Stable isotopes trace estuarine transformations of XXXX and @entity1568 from primary- and secondary-treated paper and pulp mill effluent.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity15296 :: ('MESH:D019553', 'Disease') :: ['secondary-treated effluent', 'SE', 'primary-treated', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional treatment options for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) include observation, surgery, and radiotherapy, but to date none of these has become the clear treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of multisession radiosurgery for @entity1781 . METHODS: From May 2004 to June 2008, 21 @entity1 with @entity1781 were treated by radiosurgery using the frameless CyberKnife system. @entity1 age ranged from 36 to 73 years (mean, 54 years). All @entity1 were treated using multisession radiosurgery, with 5 fractions of 5 Gy each to a total dose of 25 Gy prescribed to the 75% to 85% isodose line. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity5 growth control and visual function. RESULTS: The median pretreatment @entity5 volume was 2.8 mL (range, 0.3-23 mL). The mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 11-68 months). All @entity1 tolerated treatment well, with only 1 @entity1 in whom a mild @entity1781 developed (which remitted after systemic @entity134 therapy). No other acute or late radiation-induced @entity137 were observed. No @entity1 showed ONSM progression on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging. Two @entity1 (10%) had a partial response. No @entity1 had worsening of visual function; visual function was stable in 65% and improved in 35% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Multisession radiosurgery for @entity1781 was found to be safe and effective. The preliminary results from this study, in terms of growth control, visual function improvement, and @entity137 , are quite promising. Further investigations are warranted.

title: Multisession radiosurgery for XXXX --an effective option: preliminary results of a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ONSMs', 'optic neuropathy', 'optic nerve sheath meningiomas']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic nerve sheath meningiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of 2 strategies for switching from @entity8124 to @entity11544 transdermal patches in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity195 . METHOD: This was a prospective, 25-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study to evaluate an immediate or delayed switch (7-day withdrawal) from @entity8124 (5 to 10 mg/d) to @entity11544 transdermal patches (4.6 mg/24 h). @entity1 included male and female @entity1 , aged >=  50 years, with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of mild to moderate @entity303 of the @entity195 , defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 10-24, inclusive. @entity1 were enrolled between February 2007 and February 2008. The study was split into a 5-week core phase and a 20-week extension phase. Safety and efficacy results from the extension phase are presented. RESULTS: Both switching strategies were well tolerated. Rates of discontinuation for any reason were similar between the groups. Discontinuations due to adverse events were also similar, and the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was low. Apart from @entity195 Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale scores, at the end of the study, there was no statistically significant change from baseline in cognitive, behavioral, or global outcomes. Over half of the @entity1 preferred @entity11544 transdermal patches to a tablet. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the majority of @entity1 receiving @entity8124 tablets can be safely switched to @entity11544 transdermal patches without significant deterioration in cognition, behavior, and global functioning. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00305903.

title: Switching from oral @entity8124 to @entity11544 transdermal patch in XXXX : 20-week extension phase results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's type", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity8124 :: ('MESH:C076946', 'Chemical') :: ['donepezil']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genotypes of mitochondrial DNA mutations of a large @entity6363 pedigree. METHODS: The diagnosis was validated by hearing test. Blood samples from the branch pedigree (33 members) and 6 sporadic @entity1 were obtained. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes. The mitochondrial DNA target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The 1555G, 3243G and 7445G mutations were detected by BsmA I, Apa I and Xba I restriction endonuclease digestion respectively. Some PCR products were analyzed by sequencing. RESULTS: Restriction endonuclease digestion identified that 17 @entity1 from the pedigree carried 1555G mutation. All pedigree members, including @entity1 and sporadic @entity1 , did not have 3243G and 7445G mutation. In 6 @entity1 of the pedigree DNA sequence analysis revealed double mutations, an @entity14505 and a C insertion at position 961, whereas the unaffected relatives of the pedigree and sporadic @entity1 did not have such mutations. None of them carried 3243G and 7445G mutation. CONCLUSION: Double mutations of @entity14505 and @entity23389 in mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene region may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity393 in the large @entity6363 pedigree.

title: [ XXXX caused by mtDNA double mutations of @entity14505 and @entity23389 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6363 :: ('MESH:C537845', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic inherited hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity14505 :: ('c|SUB|A|1555|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A1555G', 'A>G transition at position 1555']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity6363 :: (MESH:C537845,Disease) :: ['Nonsyndromic inherited hearing impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity516 to treat prolonged air leaks or space problems, or both, after pulmonary resection has been recently resurrected and used successfully. METHODS: During the last 3 years, 14 @entity1 experienced short-term pleural space problems associated with prolonged air leaks after pulmonary resection for @entity2 . All @entity1 , under sedation and local anesthesia, had a mean of 2,100 mL of air injected under the diaphragm, using a Veres needle after a mean time of 7 days (range, 5 to 10 days) from the operation. In 3 @entity1 talc slurry was added to help control the air leak. RESULTS: No @entity1 experienced complications during the induction of the @entity516 . No @entity1 complained of @entity1353 , although blood gas analysis showed a slight increment of @entity544 partial pressure (p < 0.0004). Obliteration of the pleural space was observed in all cases after a mean time of 4 days (range, 1 to 7 days). Air leaks stopped in all @entity1 after a mean time of 8 days (range, 4 to 12 days). The mean postoperative hospital stay after lung resection was 18 days (range, 14 to 22 days). No @entity1 had significant complications or long-term sequelae. We found that @entity1 who had undergone induction chemotherapy had longer air leak durations than observed in noninduction @entity1 (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience supports the use of postoperative @entity516 whenever a space problem associated with prolonged air leaks is present. The procedure is effective, safe, and easy to perform.

title: XXXX for the management of pleural air space problems associated with major pulmonary resections.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

answer: @entity516 :: (MESH:D011027,Disease) :: ['Pneumoperitoneum']


abstract: @entity13088 is characterized by @entity393 and @entity296 , leading to decreased elasticity and @entity73 . The study examines the downstream signaling whereby oxidative stress, induced by @entity4854 , leads to @entity296 and @entity73 in the left ventricle of @entity6 @entity35 . It also examines the effects of @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), which prevents the oxidative damage induced by @entity4854 in experimental models. @entity2494 was administered for 6 wk in the diet [0.02%, wt/wt)] to @entity35 with @entity3839 -induced @entity6 . Oxidative balance, advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and AGE receptors, transcription factors nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1, and profibrogenic growth factors (connective tissue growth factor and @entity1810 ) were determined in the left ventricle of treated and untreated @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . Structural and ultrastructural changes, and the contractile force developed by electrically driven papillary muscles, under basal conditions and after stimulation with @entity3044 , were also evaluated. @entity66 induced by @entity4854 increased AGEs and AGE receptors and triggered a cascade of signaling, eventually leading to interstitial @entity82 . @entity2494 treatment, by improving oxidative balance, counteracted the enhanced AGE receptor activation and increase of profibrogenic factors and restored tissue levels of collagen I, collagen IV, and fibronectin to those of control animals. Moreover, @entity2494 completely restored the contractility of isolated papillary muscle. @entity66 led to @entity299 , the most important pathogenetic factor of the heart's impaired functional integrity in @entity6 . Structural and ultrastructural changes and impairment of muscle function induced by experimental @entity6 were minimized by @entity2494 treatment.

title: @entity66 triggers @entity299 in the heart of XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity13088 :: ('MESH:D058065', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired contractile function']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte loss']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity10771 is a @entity10043 antimetabolite approved for use in the management of @entity1 with @entity1072 . @entity3118 works primarily by inhibiting DNA synthesis. The compound also possesses lymphocytotoxic activity with preferential activity toward T-lymphocytes. Initial preclinical studies demonstrated antitumor activity with @entity3118 against L1210 @entity19 @entity1778 . In phase I studies, myelosuppression was identified as the dose-limiting @entity137 in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and fatal @entity2359 as the dose-limiting @entity137 in adult @entity1 with acute @entity1583 . The recommended dose and schedule was determined to be 18-25 mg/m2/d for five days, repeated every 28 days. Unlike preclinical studies, phase II trials showed a lack of significant effect when @entity3118 was given to @entity1 with solid @entity5 . However, phase II investigations have confirmed the efficacy of @entity3118 in @entity706 , including @entity1893 , @entity4888 , @entity6491 , and @entity1072 . The place of @entity3118 in the management of @entity1778 in @entity1 is under investigation. Early results indicate an unusual degree of antitumor activity when the agent is used in combination chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity66 . @entity3118 is an effective antitumor agent in the management of @entity706 . Studies are ongoing to more completely define the role of @entity3118 in these @entity5 as well as in the @entity1778 . Additional studies evaluating the activity of @entity3118 as an immunomodulator are warranted, due to the lymphocytotoxic properties associated with this agent.

title: @entity10771 . A new anticancer drug with significant activity in @entity1 with @entity1072 and in XXXX with @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity6491 :: ('MESH:D015463', 'Disease') :: ['prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine', 'Fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'pediatric leukemias', 'leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity10771 :: ('MESH:C042382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have shown previously that an increase in @entity5 invasion and @entity3 occurred concurrently with a decrease in collagen content of the extracellular matrix surrounding the C3 @entity19 @entity420 borne by C3H/HeJ @entity19 . In this paper we report the production of collagenase and elastase activities by the @entity5 cultures and three types of cloned C3 @entity19 @entity420 cell cultures. The @entity5 cell cultures and @entity5 -associated stromal cultures produced large amounts of collagenase and elastase activities. On the other hand, the @entity5 capsule cultures produced little or no collagenase and elastase activities even though they produced type I collagen. The production of proteases by the @entity5 cultures decreased along with time and with an alteration in the morphology of cell populations and/or passage of the cultures. The three clones of @entity5 cell cultures produced variable amounts of collagenase in response to induction by @entity4514 , an agent that stimulates maximal collagenase production. In contrast, all three cloned cultures elaborated significant amounts of elastase that degraded insoluble ligamental elastin, and most of the elastase production was increased further in response to induction by @entity4514 . Each cloned cell population exhibited differences in their production of collagenase and elastase in parallel with their difference in growth kinetics, yet these cells still possess the distinctive properties of the @entity5 . However, a unit amount of collagenase produced by each of the cloned cultures, with or without induction by @entity4514 , was less than that of the @entity5 cultures. Results suggest that some cell types or combination of cell types in the heterogeneous cell population of the @entity5 and/or their products appear to be responsible for the increased production of collagenase and elastase activities and for the invasiveness of a @entity5 .

title: Collagenase and elastase production by XXXX @entity420 primary cultures and cloned cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['mammary adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study aim was to investigate factors that predict the use of neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and the overall survival in each group. METHODS: We identified 493 @entity1 with Stage I-III @entity0 between 1998 and 2008. @entity1 were divided according to receipt of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or none/unknown chemotherapy. Data were compared using chi(2) and Fisher's exact test. For more than two group comparisons and analyzing multiple dependent variables, MANOVA was used. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated. RESULTS: Of 493 @entity1 with @entity0 , 154 (31%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 251 (51%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, and 88 (18%) had no or unknown chemotherapy. @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were younger (mean 50, range 20-83) compared with those undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy (mean 53, range 25-83) or none/unknown chemotherapy (mean 62, range 29-86) (P < 0.0001). The three groups did not differ significantly by @entity1 race, @entity5 histology, or @entity5 grade. Increased @entity5 size, nodal positivity, and advanced stage were more likely to be associated with use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (all comparisons P < 0.0001). After controlling for covariates associated with survival in unadjusted tests, @entity1 undergoing adjuvant therapy were less likely to die compared with @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant therapy or none/unknown therapy (overall @entity5874 0.476, 95% CI 0.295-0.770). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy were 52% less likely to die overall compared with those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or none/unknown chemotherapy in this institutional series. Prospective studies are necessary to determine if this finding is durable.

title: Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['TNBC', 'triple negative breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['triple negative breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In most laboratories, the severity of @entity447 is assessed by the factor VIII activity ( @entity2801 :C) one-stage assay. However, comparisons of these results with those of two-stage assays can reveal discrepancies and suggest misdiagnosis. @entity1 /METHODS: In this monocentric study, we measured @entity2801 :C with two methods (one-stage chronometric and chromogenic assays) in 307 (173 families) @entity1 with moderate/mild @entity447 . To compare results, we used a chronometric/chromogenic ratio. Discrepancy was defined as a ratio < 0.5 or > 1.5. We studied their putative involvement at known @entity2801 functional sites, their interspecies conservation status, and their spatial position within the @entity2801 structure. RESULTS: Thirty-six @entity1 from 17 families exhibited a discrepancy between the two assays: 12 (6.9%) families had a low ratio (< 0.5), and five (2.9%) families had a high ratio (> 1.5). @entity3817 was diagnosed in about 16% of the families. Molecular studies were performed in 15 of these 17 families, resulting in each case in the identification of missense mutations, including three novel mutations. We were further able to propose a pathophysiologic explanation. CONCLUSIONS: In this monocentric study, we have demonstrated a discrepancy between @entity2801 :C assay results in 10% of families with moderate/mild @entity447 . The prevalence of 'inverse' discrepancy (i.e. low chronometric/chromogenic ratio) is high as compared with previous reports. We suggest that both @entity2801 :C assays are recommended in @entity1 with moderate/mild @entity447 for a complete biological phenotype. This could also improve our knowledge of the @entity2801 structure-function relationships.

title: Prevalence, biological phenotype and genotype in moderate/mild XXXX with discrepancy between one-stage and chromogenic factor VIII activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3817 :: ('MESH:C537505', 'Disease') :: ['Qualitative deficiency']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia A']


abstract: PURPOSE: Differences in clinical outcome are still unclear between primary and secondary @entity150 in situ. We compared the clinical outcomes of primary and @entity189 in situ, and identified predictive factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 476 @entity1 with high grade cTis, including 221 with primary and 255 with @entity189 in situ, from 1990 to 2008 at a high volume @entity5 center after transurethral resection and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. End points were time to progression to invasive disease ( @entity7487 or higher) or radical cystectomy before progression, and progression to muscle invasive disease ( @entity18246 or higher) or radical cystectomy before progression. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity189 in situ responded significantly more within 6 months of bacillus Calmette-Guerin than those with @entity189 in situ (65% vs 39%, p <0.001). In the primary vs secondary groups the 5-year cumulative incidence of progression to @entity7487 or higher was 43% (95% CI 36-51) vs 32% (95% CI 27-39) and for progression to @entity18246 or higher it was 17% (95% CI 12-23) vs 8% (95% CI 5-13). On multivariate analysis @entity189 in situ was significantly more likely to progress to @entity7487 or higher (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.05-1.81, p = 0.020) and to @entity18246 or higher, or radical cystectomy (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.27-2.33, p = 0.001). We found no significance for age, gender or response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin as outcome predictors. Median followup was 5.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 presenting with @entity189 in situ have a worse outcome than those with @entity189 in situ, suggesting a need to differentiate these 2 entities in the treatment decision process.

title: Clinical outcome of primary versus secondary XXXX in situ.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma', 'secondary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: Two hundred thirty-three families were randomly selected from a designated population base. Data from 619 @entity1 ages 6--65 years had distributions of lipid and anthropometric values typical for the U.S. population. The typical rise in plasma @entity165 and @entity412 with age was also demonstrated. The plasma @entity165 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) correlated more strongly with age than body weight, whereas the plasma @entity412 was more related to body weight than to age. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was inversely correlated with weight and plasma @entity412 . Family membership accounted for approximately 20% of the variability in @entity165 , LDL, HDL and weight. Related family members (father- @entity1 , mother- @entity1 and siblings) had strong correlations for plasma @entity165 , LDL and HDL. These measurements did not correlate in the spouse pairs. The plasma @entity412 did not correlate for the family as a whole nor for the individual family members. This study indicates the importance of both chronic environmental factors and genetic family relationships on plasma lipids and lipoproteins.

title: The effects of age, body wight and family relationships on plasma lipoproteins and lipids in XXXX , @entity1 and @entity1 of randomly selected families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in the female. A vast majority of the cases present @entity3 at the time of diagnosis. A case of @entity0 metastatic to the kidney is described to emphasize that in the presence of a renal mass, a secondary or @entity3 should be suspected. The literature is briefly reviewed. METHODS: We report on the diagnosis and treatment of an expanding left renal mass in a female @entity1 with a previous history of multiorgan @entity5 (ovarian, breast and small bowel) or different histological types that had been diagnosed and treated at different periods. RESULTS: Following radical nephrectomy, analysis of the surgical specimen disclosed a @entity3 from @entity0 . No subsequent treatment was required and the @entity1 is well 6 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 from a @entity5 must be suspected in @entity1 with a previous history of @entity5 presenting with a renal mass. @entity8 presents in the advanced stages of @entity5 dissemination. Treatment depends on @entity1 general condition and the stage of the primary and @entity3 .

title: [ @entity8 from XXXX : a new case and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal metastasis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'Breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignant tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumors', 'Metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Fontan's correction has been performed without early @entity204 in 24 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1145 . Eighteen @entity1 had ventriculoarterial concordance (group I) and six discordance (group II). Late @entity204 related to @entity281 occurred in three @entity1 . The follow-up time in group I (16 survivors) ranges from 1 year 10 months to 7 years 5 months (mean 3 years 8 months) and in group II (five survivors) from 2 years 1 month to 5 years 6 months (mean 3 years 6 months). Early postoperative cardiac catheterisation showed arterial pulsatile pressure recordings in the pulmonary artery only in two @entity1 in group I, in whom a valved conduit was used to connect the right atrial appendage with the outlet chamber. @entity1 with a valved conduit connected with either the pulmonary artery (group II) or the outlet chamber (two @entity1 of group I) showed better preservation of right atrial contractions angiocardiographically and scored better in exercise tests than did @entity1 with a non-valved conduit (14 @entity1 of group I). In the latter @entity1 evidence of regurgitant bloodflow from the outlet chamber into the right atrium was found. Reoperation was necessary in two @entity1 . The outlet chambers showed a substantial increase in diameter after operation. No disturbances of kidney or liver function were found up to seven years after operation. The clinical condition has improved considerably in all survivors. It is concluded that the use of a valved conduit is preferable for connecting the pulmonary artery directly in cases of @entity1145 with ventriculoarterial discordance or the outlet chamber when there is ventriculoarterial concordance.

title: Nine years' experience of physiological correction of XXXX : long-term results and current surgical approach.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1145 :: ('MESH:D018785', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid atresia']

answer: @entity1145 :: (MESH:D018785,Disease) :: ['tricuspid atresia']


abstract: From August 1978 through December 1979, 51 @entity1 with advanced non-oat cell @entity2 were enrolled in a Phase I/II trial sponsored by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) employing @entity8712 (a @entity13682 ) as a @entity519 cell sensitizer and radiation. The purpose of this study was to test drug and radiation tolerance and to assess the short term efficacy of this unconventional treatment. @entity5 doses of 600 rad wer given twice weekly for three weeks for a total of 3600 rad, preceded four to six hours by @entity8712 in a dose of 2 gm/m2 or 1.75 gm/m2, administered orally. Forty-nine @entity1 were evaluable. Serious @entity137 from this treatment was rare. Grade 2 or 3 peripheral neuro- @entity137 occurred in eight of 24 @entity1 (33%) with drug doses of 2 gm/m2 and in four of 26 @entity1 (15%) who received 1.75 gm/m2. Grade 3 or 4 central nervous system @entity137 occurred in two @entity1 . Two @entity1 developed serious late radiation complications: one @entity1 had a transverse @entity4685 that appeared one year following delivery of 3600 rad to the spinal cord; a second @entity1 developed a @entity4501 and @entity2396 eight months following treatment. Objective responses were reported in 67% of @entity1 (complete in 18%); 70% of the @entity1 died with a median survival time of nine months. Of 32 @entity1 eligible for 12 month follow-up, 34% survived more than one year. Patterns of relapse after initial treatment and comparison with results from other RTOG trials using conventional fractionation are discussed.

title: Large fraction radiotherapy plus XXXX for treatment of advanced @entity2 : report of a phase I/II trial.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8712 :: ('MESH:D008920', 'Chemical') :: ['misonidazole']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity13682 :: ('MESH:C006667', 'Chemical') :: ['2-nitroimidazole']

answer: @entity8712 :: (MESH:D008920,Chemical) :: ['misonidazole']


abstract: A study in @entity35 demonstrated that morphologic changes in the bone osteocytes and osteoblasts are produced following @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) injection into thyroparathyroidectomized animals. It further showed that similar changes occur in normal @entity35 as the result of of extended fasting. Plasma @entity460 concentrations were determined at sacrifice to ascertain that these changes in bone occurred at times when plasma @entity460 is rising as the result of @entity4727 stimulation. Tibias from these animals were removed and prepared for morphologic observation using both transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy. Specific structural features characterized bone cells stimulated by exogenous or endogenous @entity4727 . The most significant morphologic alterations involved surface microvilli and blebs as determined by SEM. TEM studies showed alterations in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Additionally, cell shape varied markedly from the control cuboidal morphology. These morphologic changes occurred during peak periods of plasma @entity460 change and returned to control morphology as plasma @entity460 levels normalized. Use of an extracellular electron-dense tracer ( @entity3740 ) confirmed the patency of the intercellular channels and the presence of a fluid space between the bone cell plasma membranes and the mineralized surface. @entity4727 stimulation modified cell activity such that the tracer material entered the cell more readily, possibly by inducing @entity101 (endocytosis). This study supports the concept that the osteocytes and lining cells on the surface of bone play a role in maintenance of plasma @entity460 concentrations.

title: Influence of XXXX on bone cell ultrastructure.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased pinocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4727 :: (24694(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiation-induced @entity5 effects are well-documented following radiotherapy. Further investigation is needed to more accurately determine a dose-response relationship for late radiation effects. Recent dosimetry studies tend to use representative @entity1 (Taylor 2009) or anthropomorphic phantoms (Wirth 2008) for estimating organ mean doses. In this study, we compare hybrid computational phantoms to @entity1 -specific voxel phantoms to test the accuracy of University of Florida Hybrid Phantom Library (UFHP Library) for historical dose reconstructions. METHODS: A cohort of 10 @entity1 with CT images was used to reproduce the data that was collected historically for @entity978 @entity1 (i.e. caliper measurements and photographs). Four types of phantoms were generated to show a range of refinement from reference hybrid-computational phantom to @entity1 -specific phantoms. Each @entity1 is matched to a reference phantom from the UFHP Library based on height and weight. The reference phantom is refined in the anterior/posterior direction to create a 'caliper-scaled phantom'. A photograph is simulated using a surface rendering from segmented CT images. Further refinement in the lateral direction is performed using ratios from a simulated-photograph to create a 'photograph and caliper-scaled phantom'; breast size and position is visually adjusted. @entity1 -specific hybrid phantoms, with matched organ volumes, are generated and show the capabilities of the UF Hybrid Phantom Library. Reference, caliper-scaled, photograph and caliper-scaled, and @entity1 -specific hybrid phantoms are compared with @entity1 -specific voxel phantoms to determine the accuracy of the study. RESULTS: Progression from reference phantom to @entity1 specific hybrid shows good agreement with the @entity1 specific voxel phantoms. Each stage of refinement shows an overall trend of improvement in dose accuracy within the study, which suggests that computational phantoms can show improved accuracy in historical dose estimates. CONCLUSION: Computational hybrid phantoms show promise for improved accuracy within retrospective studies when CTs and other x- @entity16039 images are not available.

title: SU-E-T-13: A Feasibility Study of the Use of Hybrid Computational Phantoms for Improved Historical Dose Reconstruction in the Study of Late Radiation Effects for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the independent association of sex with outcome after mild @entity131 (mTBI). We performed an analysis of a subset of an established cohort involving 1425 mTBI @entity1 presenting to an academic @entity341 ( @entity341 ). The associations between sex and three outcomes determined 3 months after the initial @entity341 visit were examined: post-concussive symptom (PCS) score (0, 1-5, 6-16, and >16), the number of days to return of normal activities (0, 1-7, and >7), and the number of days of work missed (0, 1-7,and >7). Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between sex and each outcome after controlling for 12 relevant subject-level variables. Of the 1425 subjects, 643 (45.1%) were female and 782 (54.9%) were male. Three months after mTBI, males had significantly lower odds of being in a higher PCS score category (odds ratio [OR] 0.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50, 0.78); this association appeared to be more prominent during @entity1 -bearing years for females. Males and females did not significantly differ with respect to the odds of poorer outcome as defined by the number of days to return of normal activities or the number of days of work missed. Female sex is associated with significantly higher odds of poor outcome after mTBI, as measured by PCS score, after control for appropriate confounders. The observed pattern of peak disability for females during the @entity1 -bearing years suggests disruption of endogenous @entity172 or @entity1420 production. Attempts to better understand how mTBI affects production of these hormones acutely after injury and during the recovery period may shed light on the mechanism behind poorer outcome among females and putative therapeutic interventions.

title: Sex differences in outcome after mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a monotherapy by @entity3400 and @entity5899 potentially associated to @entity2176 as an empiric antimicrobial therapy in febrile @entity1398 @entity1 treated with nephrotoxic chemotherapy for solid @entity5 . Twenty-three @entity1 were treated during 32 episodes with @entity3400 4 g i.v. every 8 hours and @entity5899 1 g IV every 8 hours. If the @entity1 remained febrile after 48 hours, 1 g of @entity2176 i.v. was added every 12 hours as indicated by our study design. The mean duration of @entity1398 was 5.5 days (2-13 days). In ten episodes, the granulocyte nadir was < 100/mm3. Infection was microbiologically documented in seven episodes (22%) with six Gram negative bacilli and 3 Gram positive cocci. There were 19 apyrexia with @entity3400 and @entity5899 (59%) and further seven were resolved by the addition of @entity2176 (total success: 81%). Failure was observed in six episodes consecutive to germ resistance (one episode), clinical deterioration (one episode), relapsing @entity221 related to @entity2782 (one episode), persistent @entity221 despite withdrawal of @entity1398 and no microbiological documentation (two episodes) and protocol violation (one episode). Neither septic death nor @entity137 were observed. We conclude that this empirical treatment is active and safe in short period febrile @entity1398 episodes in @entity1 heavily treated with nephrotoxic chemotherapy for solid @entity5 .

title: [Value of mono-antibiotic therapy using @entity3400 associated with @entity5899 and possibly followed by @entity2176 in XXXX in solid @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas infection']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity5899 :: ('MESH:D013407', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbactam']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']