abstract: Treatment of @entity5748 @entity1 requires simultaneous treatment of the addictive and the @entity146 . Available data suggest that this does not happen often. In a survey of several @entity146 services, the unit chiefs reported that dual diagnoses were underreported, no plans were present for combined treatment, families were infrequently involved, and few referrals were made for combined treatment. There is a need for competent, experienced clinician teachers who have had positive experience with the treatment of @entity74 . The training of addiction and mental health professionals must include cooperation, understanding, and respect for each other. Cross-training is needed in chemotherapy, psychotherapy, abstinence from @entity167 and other addictive drugs, 12-Step programs, spiritual issues, and milieu therapy. Negative attitudes and ignorance must be overcome for this training to take place. Faculty Fellow training programs have provided a beginning in this direction, but have so far involved few professional schools. Some examples of training with regard to referrals, prescribing, and psychotherapy are given. The importance of supervised clinical experience in treating @entity5748 @entity1 is emphasized. The provision of this experience provides a challenge to specialists in addiction medicine and addiction psychiatry.

title: Training of residents and medical students in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['dual diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dual disorders']

answer: @entity5748 :: (MESH:D009105,Disease) :: ['dual diagnosis']


abstract: Neck masses, frequently encountered by physicians, comprise a vast range of diagnoses, with malignancy being the greatest concern. Calcifying @entity82 (CFP) is a rare lesion with unknown pathogenesis, characterized pathologically by a predominance of abundant hyalinized collagenous tissue with focal lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate and psammomatous or @entity730 . We present the case of a 29-year-old @entity1 who presented with a 4-cm left neck mass, accompanied by constitutional symptoms of vague weakness and @entity7621 . After the lesion failed to respond to a course of antibiotic therapy, fine-needle aspiration was performed, the pathology of which was indeterminate. The concern was that the lesion was a lymphoproliferative @entity74 was performed. CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed no evidence of @entity3018 or @entity5 . Subsequently, an incisional biopsy was performed, suggesting a diagnosis of CFP. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast, performed to delineate the anatomy, revealed the lesion in the left neck, deep to the left clavicle, that extended superiorly into the supraclavicular fossa. @entity75 was successfully performed, with immunophenotyping confirming the initial diagnosis of CFP. We present a case report of cervical CFP, discuss the approach to neck masses, and review the recent literature on this rare, benign entity.

title: Calcifying XXXX of the neck: diagnostic challenges of a rare benign lesion.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['adenopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Complete surgical removal of the lesion']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic calcifications']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['disorder-further workup']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous pseudotumor']


abstract: The mechanisms by which inorganic salts of the trace element @entity5336 mediate their insulinomimetic effects are not clearly understood and were investigated. We have shown previously that @entity5336 salts activate mitogen-activated protein kinase ( @entity3903 ) and @entity4357 3-kinase activities ( @entity10412 ) via a pathway that does not involve the @entity8277 ( @entity8277 ) @entity669 kinase function [Pandey, S. K., Anand-Srivastava, M. B., and Srivastava, A. K. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 7006-7014]. Herein, we have examined a possible role of @entity10412 in the @entity48426 (VS)-mediated increase in the level of ras- @entity3903 activation as well as the contribution of signaling components upstream to @entity3903 in this VS response. Treatment of @entity8277 -overexpressing cells with VS resulted in an increased level of @entity669 phosphorylation of @entity10368 ( @entity12206 ) and @entity3903 ( @entity3963 ) along with stimulation of @entity3903 , @entity3903 kinase ( @entity8047 ), and @entity17147 activities, and ras activation. Preincubation with @entity2307 and @entity2306 , two structurally and mechanistically different inhibitors of @entity10412 , blocked the VS-mediated increase in @entity3903 activity and phosphorylation of @entity12206 and @entity3963 . Furthermore, @entity2307 inhibited activation of ras, @entity17147 , and @entity8047 in response to VS. The addition of a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, B581, to cells reduced the level of @entity3903 activation as well as @entity12206 and @entity3963 phosphorylation stimulated by VS. Finally, VS increased @entity10412 activity in ras immunoprecipitates. A VS-mediated increase in @entity19176 (s6k) activity was also found to be inhibited by @entity2307 . Taken together, these results demonstrate that the insulinomimetic effects of VS may be mediated, in part, by @entity10412 -dependent stimulation of the ras- @entity3903 and @entity19176 (s6k) pathways.

title: @entity4357 3-kinase requirement in activation of the ras/C-raf-1/MEK/ @entity3963 and p70(s6k) signaling cascade by the insulinomimetic agent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor', 'IR']

entities_list: @entity48426 :: ('MESH:C034028', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium']

answer: @entity48426 :: (MESH:C034028,Chemical) :: ['vanadyl sulfate']


abstract: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the geometric movement (relative to the bony pelvis) and dose variation of brachytherapy reference points in the same @entity1 at repeated @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) intracavitary implants. A study was also concluded to find the variation in treatment volume from repeated fractions. Twenty-five consecutive cervical @entity5 @entity1 (all stages) treated with external beam and fractionated @entity1168 intracavitary implants at the University of Wisconsin were reviewed. Each brachytherapy insertion had a different plan generated prior to treatment delivery. ICRU #38 prescription points (A, B, P, bladder, and rectum) were used. Dose volume histogram was generated and treated volume to the prescription dose was recorded for each fraction. Motion analysis of the various points (from a common origin) in subsequent fractions relative to the first fraction revealed a shift of 2-9 mm in a single plane. Vector analysis revealed the magnitude of the average shift ranged from 10-13 mm. These shifts resulted in a dose difference of >20% for the bladder and rectum points, but < than 8% for the other points. Dose volume histograms revealed that with the change in the anatomy of the cervix and upper vagina during a @entity1 's course of treatment, the treatment volume changes considerably. Thirty-six percent of all @entity1 (9/16) had a reduction in the size of the ovoid during the treatment course. Sixty percent of all @entity1 (15/25) had volume changes <10%. Sixty-two and one half percent of @entity1 (10/16) who did not undergo a reduction of avoid size during the entire course of the treatment had volume change <10%. Since there is a change in the anatomy of the cervix and upper vagina during the course of a treatment along with the irreproducibility of the packing, there is movement of the absolute position of the prescription points between fractions, thus emphasizing the importance of individual dosimetry. Moreover, due to the same reasons, there are significant changes in the treatment volume among implants for the same @entity1 . @entity353 caused by reduction in ovoid size alone could not be extracted from this study.

title: Anatomic variation of prescription points and treatment volume with fractionated XXXX gynecological brachytherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['high-dose rate', 'HDR']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Volume reduction']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['high-dose rate']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of preoperative staging by endorectal ultrasonography (EUS) and its contribution to treatment of early @entity5 (ESRC). The results of EUS for 154 consecutive @entity1 with ESRC (pTis to pT2) were compared prospectively with histologic findings, assessed according to the TNM classification. Results of treatment selection and long-term outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. There were 35 @entity1 histologically staged as pTis, 8 as @entity2558 -slight (invasion confined to the superficial one-third of the submucosa), 37 as @entity2558 -massive (invasion extending to the deeper submucosa), and 74 as pT2. The equipment used was an echoendoscope GF-UM2 or GF-UM3 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Sensitivity/specificity/overall accuracy rates for detection of slight @entity3 , massive @entity3 , and muscularis propria invasion were 99%/74%/96%, 98%/88%/97%, and 97%/93%/96%, respectively. Incidences of lymph node @entity3 in pTis, pTis to @entity2558 -slight, @entity2558 , @entity2558 -massive, and pT2 cases were 0%, 0%, 18%, 22%, and 30%, respectively. Incidences of lymph node @entity3 in ESRCs staged by EUS (u) as uTis, @entity3836 -slight, @entity3836 -massive, @entity3837 , and uT3 by EUS were 0%, 0%, 26%, 36%, and 64%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy rates for detection of positive nodes in overall ESRCs were 53%, 77%, and 72%, respectively. Of the 43 @entity1 with pTis to @entity2558 -slight @entity5 , 22 underwent endoscopic polypectomy or local excision, 20 radical surgery, and 1 radical surgery after endoscopic polypectomy due to vascular invasion. All these @entity1 are alive and all but one (who refused radical surgery due to vascular invasion after local excision and developed liver and lung metastases) are disease-free. Of the 37 @entity1 with @entity2558 -massive @entity5 , 34 underwent radical surgery and 3 transcoccygeal segmental resection. All these @entity1 are alive disease-free except for one who died of peritoneal @entity189 after radical surgery. All @entity1 with pT2 @entity5 underwent radical surgery. The overall 5-year survival rates for pTis, @entity2558 , and pT2 cases were 100%, 98%, and 97%, respectively. EUS is an accurate method for evaluating invasion depth in ESRC. @entity1 with uTis or @entity3836 -slight @entity5 staged by EUS are at low risk of positive nodes and good candidates for endoscopic polypectomy or local excision. Those with @entity3836 -massive or @entity3837 lesions should be treated with a radical operation because of the high incidence of positive nodes.

title: Endorectal ultrasonography and treatment of early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage rectal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'submucosal invasion']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity137 ( @entity137 ) represents the most severe drug-related @entity272 that is potentially life-threatening with no well-established treatments. The application of @entity228 therapy is controversial, whereas recently intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy is emerging as a promising new method. A severity-of-illness score for @entity137 (SCORTEN) has gained acceptance in some western countries. In this study, our objectives were to assess the applicability of SCORTEN in Chinese @entity1 with @entity137 and to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy of IVIG and @entity228 in these @entity1 . We performed a retrospective review of data from 61 @entity1 with @entity137 treated at our intensive care unit from 2000 to 2010 to assess the performance of SCORTEN. In particular, 55 @entity1 between 2002 and 2010 were grouped as a series to compare the therapeutic effects of @entity228 therapy and IVIG combined therapy contemporaneously. During this period, 16 @entity1 were administered with @entity228 therapy and 39 were treated with the combination therapy. An initial dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day of @entity1667 was given to all @entity137 @entity1 . The combination therapy was combined with a total dose of 2 g/kg IVIG within 5 days. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves and Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic were analyzed to illustrate the performance of SCORTEN. The comparison of the efficacy of the two therapies was conducted on the basis of clinical outcomes, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), and survival analysis. The overall actual mortality of @entity1 between 2000 and 2010 was 16% (10/61), statistically insignificantly lower than predicted (24%, SMR = 67.98). Excellent discriminatory power (the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves: 88.9, 88.2, 90.6%) and good calibration (P = .637, .833, .530) were found in all the groups. In @entity1 admitted between 2002 and 2010, IVIG combined therapy showed a trend toward reducing the mortality rate (13%, SMR = 52.35), whereas @entity228 monotherapy suggested no such difference (31%, SMR = 123.92). Besides, the cumulative survival rates of the combination therapy were higher at almost all the levels of SCORTEN (P = .002), especially at the score of 5 (P = 3.10   10      ). Compared with @entity228 alone, the combination therapy arrested progression earlier (P = .013), although it did not significantly lead to a tapering of @entity228 or a reduction of the time of hospitalization. We concluded that SCORTEN was generally applicable to Chinese @entity1 with @entity137 . The comparison of the effect indicated that the combination therapy might achieve a better therapeutic effect than the administration of @entity228 alone, especially in severe @entity137 @entity1 .

title: XXXX : performance of SCORTEN and the score-based comparison of the efficacy of @entity228 therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin combined therapy in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'Toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: In past decades, studies focusing on new chemotherapeutic agents for @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 have reported only modest gains in survival. These health gains are achieved at considerable cost, but economic evidence is lacking on superiority of one agent in terms of cost effectiveness. The objective of this systematic review was to assess fully published cost-effectiveness studies comparing the new agents @entity1205 , @entity1311 , @entity1206 , @entity136 and pemetrexed, and the targeted therapies @entity3866 and @entity4562 with one another. We performed systematic searches in the bibliographic databases PubMed, EMBASE and Health Economic Evaluations (HEED) [via the Cochrane Library] for fully published studies from the past 10 years. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers according to a priori inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by two independent reviewers using standardized assessment tools. A total of 222 potential studies were identified; 11 studies and six reviews were included. The methodological quality of the full economic evaluations was fairly good. Transparency in costs and resource use, details on statistical tests and sensitivity analysis were points for improvement. In first-line treatment, @entity136 + @entity900 was cost effective compared with other @entity902 -based regimens ( @entity1311 , @entity1205 and @entity1206 ). In one study, pemetrexed+ @entity900 was cost effective compared with @entity136 + @entity900 in @entity1 with @entity957 . In second-line treatment, @entity1205 was cost effective compared with best supportive care; @entity3866 was cost effective compared with placebo; and @entity1205 and pemetrexed were dominated by @entity3866 . We found indications of superiority in terms of cost effectiveness for @entity136 + @entity900 in a first-line setting, and for @entity3866 in a second-line setting.

title: Cost effectiveness of treatment with new agents in advanced XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['non-squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Twenty of 320 @entity1 with @entity2360 initially presented with chemical and laboratory features of @entity3619 , confirmed histologically in 17. When first seen, @entity82 was present in all 20 and was complicated by ascites and/or @entity1087 in 11. Within 1 week to 8 years of the onset of over @entity409 the diagnosis of @entity2360 was established, and treatment with @entity2361 was promptly initiated in 19 @entity1 . One @entity1 refused treatment and died 4 months later. Treated @entity1 received @entity2361 or @entity31000 for a total of 264 @entity1 -years (median, 14 @entity1 -years). Abnormal water retention, for which salt restriction and diuretics were added to @entity2361 or @entity31000 , disappeared in all but 1 of the @entity1 so affected. Symptomatic improvement and virtually normal levels of serum albumin, @entity648 , @entity492 aminotransferase, and @entity493 aminotransferase followed within 1 year in the majority of subjects. One @entity1 died after 9 months of treatment. Two @entity1 , who became noncompliant with the therapeutic regimen after 9 and 17 years of successful pharmacological treatment, required liver transplants. These results indicate that the prognosis of specifically treated @entity3619 is very good in spite of the presence of @entity82 .

title: Prognosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-penicillamine', 'penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity31000 :: ('MESH:D014266', 'Chemical') :: ['trientine']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ["Wilson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['Wilsonian chronic active hepatitis', 'chronic active hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['Wilsonian chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: This study examines the effect of @entity1068 ( @entity167 ) exposure and nutrient restriction on the release of @entity5100 from 18- and 20-day explanted fetal organs. Fetuses were exposed to @entity167 (E) in utero by feeding dams a 36% (calories derived from @entity167 : 6.6% v/v) @entity167 liquid diet. Control fetuses were offsprings of dams either pair-fed (P) a control liquid diet or ad libitum (A) fed a standard pelleted lab chow. Brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, and placenta of fetuses from the same litter were pooled and explanted, and @entity5100 concentration in explanted media was analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Maternal and fetal weights were determined during pregnancy and at sacrifice, respectively, to evaluate the influence of @entity167 on growth. Both maternal and fetal weights were substantially reduced by @entity167 on 18 and 20 days of gestation compared with both A and P controls. At 18 days of gestation, E fetuses (1.33 +/- 0.03 g) weighed less than either A (1.47 +/- 0.03 g) or P (1.54 +/- 0.04 g) fetuses. By 20 days, A mean fetal weight (4.19 +/- 0.23 g) was significantly greater than both P (3.74 +/- 0.06 g) and E (3.28 +/- 0.06 g) fetuses. @entity5100 concentration in media from 18-day fetal explants was highest from E (brain, heart, liver, and placenta) and P tissues (kidney, lung, and muscle). @entity5100 in media from A tissues (except placenta) was lower than both E and P levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on insulin-like growth factor-II release from fetal organs.

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-II', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The effect of repeated administration of either @entity888 (MA), @entity21435 ( @entity14842 ) or vehicle on the extracellular concentrations of @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), @entity492 , @entity2226 , @entity935 (DA) and its metabolite, @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ), was studied in awake, freely moving @entity35 using in vivo microdialysis. MA (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) administered every 2 h for a total of 3 injections, increased the extracellular concentration of @entity367 in the anteromedial striatum. By contrast, neither vehicle nor @entity14842 (9.2 and 13.8 mg/kg) increased @entity367 efflux following repeated administration. Both MA and @entity14842 increased the extracellular concentration of DA in the striatum. However, the cumulative increase in DA was significantly greater in the @entity14842 treated animals as compared to the MA group. The concentrations of DA, @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and their metabolites were determined in the striatum 7 days following the repeated administration of MA, @entity14842 and vehicle. MA, but not @entity14842 or vehicle, decreased the concentration of DA in the striatum. Conversely, @entity14842 (13.8 mg/kg) decreased the concentration of @entity750 , whereas MA, @entity14842 (9.2 mg/kg) and vehicle had no effect on striatal @entity750 content. These data are suggestive that the long-term (7 day) DA @entity2359 produced by the repeated administration of MA is mediated, in part, by a delayed increase in extracellular concentrations of @entity367 . In contrast, repeated administration of @entity14842 , at a dose which produced a long-term (7 day) depletion of striatal @entity750 content, had no effect on @entity367 efflux in the striatum.

title: XXXX @entity2359 and striatal @entity2227 release: comparison to @entity21435 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity21435 :: ('CHEBI:1391', 'Chemical') :: ['3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity888 :: (MESH:D008694,Chemical) :: ['Methamphetamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Sensory and/or motor function sparing, including the S4-S5 spinal cord segment, is central to classifying @entity16 after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) using the American @entity3510 @entity73 ( @entity73 ) grades within the International Standards for Neurological Classification of @entity1566 (ISNCSCI). Within the ISNCSCI protocol, which is essential for both clinical and research purposes, assessing sacral sparing requires an anorectal and S4-S5 examination. However, in situations where these data are incomplete, the relationships between anorectal/S4-S5 examinations and functional preservation at more rostral sacral segments may be useful. PURPOSE: To evaluate whether slightly more rostral sensory and motor outcomes of the ISNCSCI can accurately predict caudal sacral sparing (S4-S5 dermatome sensation, "deep pressure" @entity1109 [ @entity1109 ], and voluntary anal contraction [AC]). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the European Multicenter Study about @entity1566 database. @entity1 SAMPLE: One thousand four hundred sixty-seven @entity73 -A, @entity73 -B, and @entity73 -C subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES: International Standards for Neurological Classification of @entity1566 examinations. METHODS: The value of six factors (sensory preservation at S1, S2, and S3; motor preservation at S1; motor function at more than three segments below the motor level; and sensory function at more than three segments below the neurologic level) for predicting ISNCSCI sacral sparing measures ( @entity1109 , S4-S5 dermatome sensation, AC) was evaluated. Combinations of the most promising factors were then evaluated for their ability to accurately predict the @entity73 grade. RESULTS: Preserved sensation at the first sacral segment (S1S) provided good prediction (90.5%) of caudal sacral sensory sparing (ie, @entity1109 or S4-S5 sensation). Voluntary anal contraction was accurately predicted by preserved motor function within the first sacral segment ( @entity44786 ) in 85.4% of cases. The alternate classification schemes evaluated for accurately predicting the @entity73 classification grade were S1S+S1M and S1S+motor preservation more than three segments below the motor level. The ability of these schemes to accurately predict @entity73 grades was stable over time but varied with the rostrocaudal level of @entity3510 . For the initial baseline examination, the alternate classification schemes were accurate in ~95% of cases for T2-T9 @entity1566 , with slightly lower accuracy for cervical @entity1566 (~80%). CONCLUSIONS: There are close relationships between functional sparing at different sacral segments. These relationships can be used to estimate @entity73 grades when complete information about the anorectal and S4-S5 examination is not available. The accuracy of the classification remains stable over time, while the increased variability in lower levels of @entity1566 , that is, lumbar injuries, emphasizes the importance of careful sacral examinations. The highly reliable predictive values of S1-S3 segments can complement conclusions from anorectal examinations if the latter are considered to be confounded or incomplete.

title: Sacral sparing in XXXX : beyond the S4-S5 and anorectal examination.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Association Impairment Scale', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'anal sensation']

entities_list: @entity44786 :: ('p|SUB|S|1|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S1M']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Cord Injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['SCI']


abstract: BASIC: The loss of verbal fluency in @entity195 (AD) has been related to the @entity73 caused by the disorder. GOALS: To determine the value of the different types of verbal fluency examination for the detection of AD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have compared the results obtained in the study of verbal fluency in 74 @entity1 with probable AD (NINCDS-ARDRA criteria) to a control group of 64 @entity1 of similar age, gender and educational level. @entity1 were divided in three categories according to the intensity of @entity303 : very mild (MMSE > 23), mild (MMSE 18-23) and moderate (MMSE 10-17). Semantic and literal verbal fluencies were studied by means of the "set-test", including in the analysis the results in every of four categories and total, the time consumed per category and the sum of all, the number of animal's names and words given in a minute. We also determined the number of animals in every fifteen seconds up to one minute in 66 controls y 97 @entity1 . Results in the different groups were compared using the ANOVA variance and the contrast of means for alpha < or = 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: The time consumed in saying the names has a great value in detecting AD, with the same or even better significance than the number of words. It is feasible to shorten the examination and use only one category of names. Our results suggest that counting the names of animals given in the first fifteen seconds does not lower the value of the exam and can also suppress a "roof effect" of the test. A short version of semantic verbal fluency examination could be of potential use in general practice where time consuming exams are difficult to implement.

title: [Verbal fluency and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory complications after ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) are common. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether genetic factors are associated with adverse pouch outcomes such as @entity5042 ( @entity5042 ) and a @entity30 ( @entity30 ) phenotype. DESIGN: 866 @entity1 were recruited from three centres in North America: Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), the Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio, USA) and Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center (Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA). DNA and clinical and demographic information were collected. Subjects were classified into post-surgical outcome groups: no @entity5042 (NCP), @entity5042 and @entity30 phenotype. RESULTS: Clinical and genetic data were available on 714 individuals. 487 (68.2%) were classified as NCP, 118 (16.5%) @entity5042 and 109 (15.3%) @entity30 . The presence of @entity625 or @entity2720 (p=0.02), @entity991 (p=0.009) and duration of time from ileostomy closure to recruitment (p=0.001) were significantly associated with outcome. The NOD2insC ( @entity45166 ) risk variant was the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) most significantly associated with pouch outcome (p=7.4 10(-5)). Specifically, it was associated with both @entity5042 and @entity30 in comparison with NCP (OR=3.2 and 4.3, respectively). Additionally, SNPs in @entity45167 ( @entity45168 , @entity45169 ), @entity23981 ( @entity45170 ) and @entity23873 ( @entity45171 ) were shown to be associated with pouch outcome with slightly weaker effects. A multivariable risk model combining previously identified clinical (smoking status, family history of @entity29 ), serological (anti- @entity375 cerevisiae antibody IgG, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and anti-CBir1) and genetic markers was constructed and resulted in an OR of 2.72 (p=8.89 10(-7)) for NCP versus @entity5042 / @entity30 and 3.22 (p=4.11 10(-8)) for NCP versus @entity30 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms, in particular, the @entity6820 insC risk allele, are associated with chronic inflammatory pouch outcomes among @entity1 with @entity31 and IPAA.

title: The XXXX insC polymorphism is associated with worse outcome following ileal pouch-anal @entity254 for @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pouchitis', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CDL', "Crohn's disease-like"]

answer: @entity6820 :: (64127,Gene) :: ['NOD2']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To present a case of postpartum @entity5535 in a @entity1 with @entity4889 ( @entity4889 ). SETTING: Outpatient @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) clinic. CASE REPORT: A 33-year-old @entity1 with C4 AIS D @entity1688 (American @entity3510 Association Impairment Scale) was followed at the outpatient @entity1566 clinic for the past 5 years. Her right side presents with increased tone, increased @entity508 and decreased sensitivity to light touch. Conversely, her left side presents with minimal changes in tone and no motor function deficits, but decreased sensitivity to pinprick and temperature sensation. These findings are consistent with @entity4889 . After inpatient rehabilitation, she was engaged, married, and 8 months ago delivered a healthy @entity1 . After an uncomplicated delivery, breastfeeding was attempted, but a significant lack of lactation was noted the first month postpartum from the right breast. Despite the implementation of measures to increase lactation, the lack of lactation from the right breast persisted, and required initiation of formula feeding. The right breast in this case lost not only sensory proprioception, but also autonomic control, which could contribute to this instance of asymmetric lactation. CONCLUSION: In addition to motor and @entity409 following @entity1566 , autonomic dysfunctions are commonly seen in individuals with these devastating injuries. The lactation on the right side, which had interrupted descending spinal autonomic pathways, was decreased by approximately 83%. This case provides us with interesting information regarding attention that clinicians should be paying when discussing the breastfeeding options for @entity1 with @entity1566 .

title: Postpartum @entity5535 in a XXXX with @entity4889 : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'women', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['BSPS', 'Brown-S  quard-plus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['sensory dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity5535 :: ('MESH:D007775', 'Disease') :: ['hypogalactia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Longitudinal study of @entity876 mutation in urine sediments of 26 @entity1 with mutated primary @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ) of the urinary bladder at different time periods after transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB), i.e. before and after the first TURB, prior to the control resection and before treatment of a recurrence. METHODS: DNA of the critical @entity876 exons 5-8 was anaylzed by temperature gradients (TGGE) and sequence. RESULTS: (1) In 11 of 12 @entity1 (91.7%) mutation reoccurred with the detection of recurrence of the disease. The mutation frequency in @entity1 without any recurrence was 1 in 8 (12.5%) after a follow-up period of 4-16 months. (2) In 7 of 10 @entity1 , the mutation was no longer detectable in the urine sediment after TURB. (3) The mutation frequency at the control resection 6 weeks after the first TURB was 5 in 7 (71.4%) in @entity1 found to have residual and 1 in 7 (14.2%) in the @entity5 -free @entity1 . (4) In 9 of 10 samples identical mutations were found by sequence in the recurrent @entity5 . These results show a significant correlation between the detection of a @entity876 mutation in the urine sediments and @entity5 recurrence or residual. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity876 mutations in the urine sediment could be a useful indicator of @entity5 recurrence or @entity5 residual in @entity1 ( approximately 40%) with primary mutated @entity150 tissue. (2) These results support the monoclonal seeding theory. (3) The finding of identical mutations at different times indicate that the @entity5 was never totally removed.

title: Genetic analysis of @entity876 from urine sediment as a tool for diagnosing recurrence and residual of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinoma', 'TCC']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1631 gene is a candidate for @entity460 @entity1790 . Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) encompassing its regulatory region were associated with @entity460 @entity1790 . AIMS: We tested SNPs in the @entity1631 gene regulatory region associated with @entity460 @entity1790 and their effects in kidney. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-seven idiopathic @entity460 stone formers and 214 healthy controls were genotyped for four @entity1631 gene SNPs identified by bioinformatics analysis as modifying transcription factor binding sites. @entity9756 excretion after an oral load was tested in 55 stone formers. Transcriptional activity induced by variant alleles at @entity1631 gene promoters was compared by luciferase reporter gene assay in HEK-293 and HKC-8 cells. @entity1631 and @entity31649 mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR in 107 normal kidney medulla samples and compared in @entity1 with different @entity1631 genotype. RESULTS: Only @entity51253 ( @entity4866 ), located in the promoter 1, was associated with @entity1790 . Its minor G allele was more frequent in stone formers than controls (37.8% vs 26.4%, P = .001). A reduced @entity9756 excretion was observed in GG homozygous stone formers. Luciferase fluorescent activity was lower in cells transfected with the promoter 1 including G allele at @entity51253 than cells transfected with the A allele. @entity1631 mRNA levels were @entity8 samples from homozygous carriers for the G allele at @entity51253 than carriers for the A allele. @entity31649 mRNA levels were also lower in GG homozygous subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Minor allele at @entity51253 may predispose to @entity460 stones by decreasing transcriptional activity of the @entity1631 gene promoter 1 and @entity1631 expression in kidney tubules.

title: Decreased transcriptional activity of @entity460 -sensing receptor gene promoter 1 is associated with @entity460 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['lower in kidney medulla']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['Strontium', 'strontium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: Formation of @entity734 on sex of the unusual @entity172 -binding protein (UEBP) expression in @entity35 liver during postnatal development was studied using radioligand and immunohistochemical techniques. UEBP was shown to appear in the male and female liver by day 45 to 50 of postnatal life. In females, UEBP remained at a low level until day 75 to 80, corresponding to faint UEBP-specific staining of a single layer of hepatocytes surrounding the central vein. Thereafter UEBP level decreased below the resolving capacity of the method. In males, UEBP content progressively increased during subsequent stages of ontogenesis. This is accompanied by formation of a stable descending centrolobular-periportal gradient of UEBP-positive hepatocytes. High UEBP expression in the male liver was found to result from the programming effect of @entity3800 exerted between days 1-3 and 12 of postnatal development. The formation of hepatic lobuli is not a condition sufficient for switching on the @entity342 program of UEBP expression. The absence of testicular @entity3800 in males after day 12 of life does not affect the @entity342 -programmed ontogenetic time course of UEBP expression at high levels. Experimental programming of UEBP expression in hepatocytes of immature females with the use of @entity3800 results in lower UEBP levels than in males. These levels are comparable to those found in male liver at early stages of regeneration (96 h) after partial hepatectomy. It is suggested that @entity3800 determine not only UEBP-producing capacity of hepatocytes but also the system of its control.

title: [The sex @entity734 of the expression of the particular XXXX -binding protein in the hepatocytes in @entity35 ontogeny].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the value of MRI in the diagnosis of @entity26566 with @entity253 . MATERIAL: and methods: six @entity1 referred for clinical suspicion of @entity253 were explored with MRI. all @entity1 were explored using a signa 1.5 t GE MR unit, with high gradient field strength and torso phased array coil. Biliary ducts were explored with ss-fse sequences of MR-cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), coronal and oblique coronal 20mm thick slices. Then, coronal T2w with shorter TE eff, MR-angiography and delayed T1w sequences were performed. CT scan and sonographic examinations of the liver were performed in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 were operated on and 2 underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. RESULTS: Three different types of biliary involvement were found: in 3 cases findings that mimic @entity201 spreading along the common bile duct and in 3 other cases multiple smooth extrinsic impressions along the common bile duct; in one @entity1 MRCP demonstrated an irregular narrowing of the common bile duct mimicking @entity102 . In all cases, the bile duct varices appeared of low T2W signal; in three cases, @entity82 was identified on delayed sequences. CONCLUSION: MRCP and MR-angiography can be proposed as a first imaging study in @entity1 with @entity26566 and @entity1448 or bile duct dilatation.

title: [MRI of XXXX with biliary involvement].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity26566 :: ('MESH:D006975', 'Disease') :: ['portal cavernoma']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction and portal cavernoma', 'biliary obstruction']

answer: @entity26566 :: (MESH:D006975,Disease) :: ['portal cavernoma']


abstract: Homozygous APPV717F @entity19 overexpress a @entity1 beta-amyloid precursor protein ( @entity15370 ) minigene encoding a @entity195 mutation. These @entity19 develop @entity195 beta-amyloid plaques surrounded by astrocytes. @entity2658 is an astrocyte-derived cytokine that promotes neurite growth and promotes excessive expression of @entity15370 . @entity2658 overexpression in @entity195 correlates with the proliferation of @entity15370 -immunoreactive neurites in beta-amyloid plaques. We found age-related increases in tissue levels of both @entity15370 and @entity2658 mRNA in @entity19 . Neuronal @entity15370 overexpression was found in cell somas in young @entity19 , whereas older @entity19 showed @entity15370 overexpression in @entity3986 in plaques. These age-related changes were accompanied by progressive increases in @entity2658 expression, as determined by @entity2658 load (percent immunoreactive area). These increases were evident as early as 1 and 2 months of age, months before the appearance of @entity527 in these @entity19 . Such precocious astrocyte activation and @entity2658 overexpression are similar to our earlier findings in @entity1467 . Accelerated age-related overexpression of @entity2658 may interact with age-associated overexpression of mutant @entity15370 in @entity19 to promote development of @entity195 .

title: Overexpression of the neuritotrophic cytokine @entity2658 precedes the appearance of neuritic beta-amyloid plaques in APPV717F XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['beta-amyloid deposits']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic neurites']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "familial Alzheimer's disease", 'Alzheimer-type neuritic', 'Alzheimer-like neuropathological changes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: C3H (H2k) @entity19 received 50 x 10(6) B10 (H2b) bone marrow (BM) cells either alone or with @entity24817 (FL) (10 microg/day), @entity1140 (2 mg/kg/day), or both agents for 7 days. Donor MHC class II+ (IAb+) cells were quantitated in spleens by immunohistochemical analysis, and donor class II DNA detected in BM by PCR. Donor cells were rare in the BM alone and BM + FL groups, whereas there was a substantial increase in chimerism in the BM + @entity1140 group. Addition of FL to BM + @entity1140 led to a further eightfold increase in donor cells and enhanced donor DNA compared with the BM + @entity1140 group. This increase in donor cells was almost 500-fold compared with BM alone. C3H recipients of B10 heart allografts given perioperative B10 BM and @entity1140 (days 0-13) exhibited a markedly extended @entity1349 ( @entity1349 , 42 days) compared with those given @entity1140 alone ( @entity1349 , 22 days). Addition of FL (10 microg/day; 7 days) to BM + @entity1140 prevented the beneficial effect of donor BM ( @entity1349 , 18 days). BM alone or BM + FL resulted in uniform early heart graft failure ( @entity1349 < 8 days). Functional studies revealed maximal antidonor MLR and CTL activities in the BM- and BM + FL-treated groups, with minimal activity in the @entity1140 -treated groups. Thus, dramatic growth factor-induced increases in chimerism achieved under cover of immunosuppression may result in augmented antidonor T cell reactivity and reduced graft survival after immunosuppressive drug withdrawal. With FL, this may reflect striking augmentation of immunostimulatory dendritic cells.

title: XXXX increases microchimerism but can prevent the therapeutic effect of donor bone marrow in transiently immunosuppressed cardiac allograft recipients.

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median graft survival time', 'MST']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity24817 :: (14256(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Flt-3 ligand']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The distribution of @entity4494 cells in the transition zone of @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) colons is extremely variable. Determining the resection margin based on intraoperative biopsies may be imprecise. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a novel imaging technology with the ability to visualize tissues in real time. In this study, we evaluate the potential of MPM to quantify @entity4494 cells in a @entity19 model of @entity1963 . METHODS: After IACUC approval, @entity406 -fixed colons from 7 @entity164 ( @entity164 ) and 6 Endothelin Receptor B gene ( @entity14801 ) homozygous knockout (KO) @entity19 with @entity1963 were assessed by MPM for the presence of @entity4494 cells. MPM images were captured starting from the anus progressing proximally at 5mm intervals. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) stained biopsies of the imaged were correlated with MPM findings. RESULTS: @entity164 specimens showed normal myenteric plexus ganglia throughout the examined colon. In contrast, distal colons of @entity14801 KO animals were devoid of ganglia up to 10mm from the anus. Ganglion cells were visible starting at 20-30 mm proximal to the anus. The density of @entity4494 cells seen by MPM and histology correlated well. CONCLUSIONS: MPM can clearly identify the myenteric plexus ganglia in both @entity164 and KO @entity19 colons. Comparison with the H_E-stained sections showed reproducible correlation. MPM-based real-time imaging of the myenteric plexus may become a useful intraoperative decision-making tool in the future.

title: Multiphoton microscopy to identify and characterize the transition zone in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'distal colonic aganglionosis', 'Hirschsprung Disease']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion', 'myenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung disease']


abstract: Epidemiological data reveal that the incidence of @entity96 is markedly higher in @entity1 than @entity1 . To clarify the mechanism responsible for the induction of higher incidence of @entity96 in male animals, we investigated the modifying effect of sex hormones in @entity107 ( @entity108 )-induced @entity35 hepatocarcinogenesis. F344 male @entity35 (n=120) were divided into two experiments, experiment I (Exp I) and experiment II (Exp II). In each experiment, 60 @entity35 were randomly allocated into four groups. The mini-osmotic pumps containing doses of 47.5 mg (Exp I) or 23.75 mg (Exp II) of @entity108 were inserted into the abdominal cavity of each animal to initiate @entity409 . Animals in group 2 were castrated one week prior to @entity108 treatment, and animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 1 or 10 microg of @entity4520 (EB), respectively, one week prior to @entity108 treatment. Animals in group 1 were treated with @entity108 alone and sham-operated at the same time. All animals were sacrificed 26 weeks after @entity108 treatment. In Exp I, @entity96 incidence of group 3 decreased significantly compared with that of group 1 (p<0.05), and @entity5 multiplicities of groups 2, 3 and 4 were decreased significantly compared to that of group 1 (p<0.01). In Exp II, @entity5 incidence of group 3 was significantly different (p<0.05) when compared to that of group 1. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity7605 was shown in normal appearing cells, but not in @entity5 cells. Western blot analysis confirmed that @entity7605 expression was higher in normal liver tissue compared to @entity5 tissues. Taken together, we conclude that castration or EB treatment has an inhibitory effect in @entity108 -induced hepatocarcinogenesis in F344 @entity35 . The reason for @entity7605 loss in @entity5 cells should be further elucidated.

title: Suppression of chemically-induced @entity96 by castration or XXXX treatment in F344 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer', 'liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity4520 :: ('MESH:C074283', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol-3-benzoate']

answer: @entity4520 :: (MESH:C074283,Chemical) :: ['estradiol-3-benzoate']


abstract: Renal lesions of IgG4-related disease have been reported recently. Most of them are @entity1986 , and a definite @entity631 complicating IgG4-related disease is very rare. We report here a case of definite @entity631 and concurrent @entity1986 complicating @entity3807 with a high serum level of IgG4. A 68-year-old Japanese @entity1 was referred to our hospital for investigation of @entity4 . We diagnosed her disease as a @entity1985 and left hydroureteronephrosis due to @entity3807 . Her laboratory data revealed a high serum level of IgG4, @entity8 , @entity9427 , hypocomplementemia, a positive finding of circulating immunocomplex (CIC), and negative findings ofautologous antibodies suggesting @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) or @entity244 ( @entity244 ). A diagnosis of @entity1252 or @entity244 could not be made clinically. Right renal biopsy revealed @entity631 with crescent formation and concurrent @entity1986 . Infiltration of plasma cells in interstitium was more conspicuous than seen with ordinary @entity1986 , and in most of them IgG4 was positive. We placed a percutaneous nephrostomy catheter in her left kidney, and prescribed @entity617 and @entity205 . The responses to @entity617 and @entity205 therapies were very good. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between @entity631 and IgG4-related disease. However, when considering renal lesions of IgG4-related disease, we think that hypocomplementemia, a positive finding of CIC, negative findings of autologous antibodies suggesting @entity1252 or @entity244 , conspicuous interstitial infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells, and a good response to @entity134 or immunosuppressant therapy are key points.

title: Endocapillary proliferative @entity631 with crescent formation and concurrent XXXX complicating @entity3807 with a high serum level of IgG4.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['anasarca']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity9427 :: ('MESH:D007019', 'Disease') :: ['hypoproteinemia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis', 'glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1986 :: (MESH:D009395,Disease) :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity1 with increasing dyspnoea over several months suddenly developed severe ortho- and tachypnoea as well as cyanosis of the lips and acrocyanosis. Pulmonary angiography revealed massive @entity1151 with a systolic pulmonary artery pressure of 75 mm Hg. Phlebography demonstrated a @entity715 of the deep veins of the left leg extending to the distal femoral vein. Thrombolysis treatment was started via an indwelling pulmonary artery catheter (500,000 IU urokinase and 10,000 IU heparin as bolus, then 1 mill. IU urokinase and 1,000 IU heparin per hour). After two hours an incomplete left-sided paresis occurred (involving @entity121 , @entity4653 , left arm and left leg) and the thrombolytic infusion was stopped. But cerebral computed tomography (CT) did not demonstrate any @entity1779 . The heparin infusion was restarted (partial thromboplastin time between 70 and 90 s). CT examinations during the next few days showed the development of an @entity1188 in the distribution of the right medial cerebral artery. Angiography demonstrated occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. The diagnosis of a @entity887 was supported by easy cardiac catheter passage through a @entity4616 . Subsequent pulmonary angiography demonstrated a thrombus-free pulmonary arterial circulation with a normal pulmonary arterial pressure. There was gradual and extensive regression of the incomplete @entity1269 .

title: [Paradoxical cerebral embolism during fibrinolysis therapy in deep vein thrombosis and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxical embolus']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ocular and facial muscles']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: Genomic imprinting is a process that appeared in mammals. This phenomenon blocks the normal development of parthenogenic and androgenic conceptuses, that is to say @entity43 and hydatidiform moles respectively. Pathological modifications of these conceptuses depend on whether the chromosomes come from the mother or father. These pathologies are associated with an @entity154 during gametogenesis and/or fertilizing. These reproductive anomalies are sporadic and some familial cases may exist suggesting a genetic control of such diseases. The @entity1 andro- and parthenogenetic conceptuses, but more frequently the moles, may be invasive ( @entity1466 ). An imbalance of the imprinting genes may initiate the deregulation of other genes, including oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, which can explain the @entity5 modification. Immunological and environmental factors must be also considered (presence of the only paternal chromosomes in the @entity1466 ). Numerous works on this subject are published and some recent important discoveries underline the roles of genes HOX, @entity8111 , @entity5962 and @entity986 , and the recurrent @entity2008 7q21+and 8p21- in the mole to @entity1466 processing. Although these phenomena are complex and heterogeneous, the andro- and parthenogenote conceptuses are particularly interesting models with which to understand @entity245 and @entity5 progression.

title: [From @entity1 andro- and parthenogenesis (hydatidiform moles and XXXX ) to @entity5 ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['benign ovarian teratomas']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['accidental anomaly']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome anomalies']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['benign ovarian teratomas']


abstract: 1. On the basis of our current knowledge about the evolution of drug-metabolizing enzymes, it appears to be extremely likely that these enzymes play a critical role in maintaining steady-state levels of the ligands involved in ligand-modulated transcription of genes effecting growth, differentiation, homeostasis, and neuroendocrine functions. 2. The original observations about genetic differences in @entity21382 (cytochrome P1-450) induction by @entity1300 or @entity3014 in the @entity19 have led to an appreciation for a similar polymorphism in the @entity1 and the recent cloning of the @entity19 @entity2019 ( @entity2019 ) and @entity1 @entity32299 ( @entity32299 ) genes. It is most likely that the correlation between genetic differences in @entity1 or @entity19 @entity21382 inducibility by @entity41842 or @entity1300 and increased risk of @entity5 will be explained by differences in the @entity2019 gene, leading to enhanced @entity5 promotion (rather than in the @entity21382 structural gene). Perhaps the same will be found for @entity600 , immunotoxicity, and other forms of @entity137 caused by these environmental chemicals. 3. In a manner similar to that of the @entity4621 @entity5 promoter, @entity1300 induces intracellular @entity141 changes, accumulation of @entity9830 and @entity9829 mRNAs, and large increases in AP-1 transcription factor activity. Interestingly, these early effects of @entity1300 , and also of @entity3014 , appear not to require the @entity2019 . 4. Many genes are induced by @entity1300 , and many others are induced by electrophilic metabolites such as @entity15942 and @entity274 ; using several @entity19 experimental systems, we have defined a subset of six of these genes as constituting the [Ah] battery by the sole criterion that a functional @entity21382 or @entity21570 enzyme is able to repress the expression of genes that are members of this gene battery.

title: Role of the @entity2019 and the dioxin-inducible [Ah] gene battery in XXXX , @entity5 , and signal transduction.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity32299 :: ('405', 'Gene') :: ['ARNT', 'Ah receptor nuclear translocator']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity41842 :: ('MESH:D011083', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and complications of controlled transurethral resection and incision of the @entity1494 to treat female primary @entity1876 . METHODS: A total of 59 @entity1 who were diagnosed with female primary @entity1876 by urodynamic examination underwent surgical procedures at Urological Institute of the @entity1 's Liberation Army, First Affiliated Hospital of Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China, between March 2010 and March 2014. For all @entity1 , @entity409 causes of @entity1876 had been excluded. Perioperative and follow-up data, including operative time, maximum urine flow rate, residual urine volume, International Prostate Symptom Score and Quality of Life Score, were prospectively investigated. RESULTS: All of the operations were completed uneventful. The median operative time was 15    8 min (range 10-22 min). No massive @entity548 or @entity281 was reported. Follow-up data were available for 59, 59, and 57 of the @entity1 at 1, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. The mean maximum urine flow rate increased from 7.2    3.9 mL/s preoperatively to 26.1    5.2 mL/s postoperatively. The mean residual urine volume decreased from 162    75 to 20    7 mL. The mean International Prostate Symptom Score decreased from 24.5    7.2 to 5.5    3.6. The mean Quality of Life Score decreased from 5.4    1.7 to 1.9    1.1. All of the differences between the preoperative and postoperative values were significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The novel technique described here shortens the length of the urethra to 2.5 cm, which both released the obstruction and maintained continence. The results of the present preliminary study show that this method represents a safe and effective treatment for female primary @entity1876 .

title: Controlled transurethral resection and incision of the XXXX to treat female primary @entity1876 : Description of a novel surgical procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic, anatomical and dysfunctional voiding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction', 'bladder neck obstruction']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized, double-blind, Phase IIIb study evaluated the 24-hour bronchodilatory efficacy of @entity7023 versus placebo and @entity5489 in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: @entity1 received @entity7024 400  g twice daily (morning and evening), @entity5489 18  g once daily (morning), or placebo for 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second area under the curve for the 24-hour period post-morning dose (FEV1 AUC0-24) at week 6. Secondary and additional endpoints included FEV1 AUC12-24, @entity1030 symptoms (EXAcerbations of chronic @entity358 Tool-Respiratory Symptoms [E-RS] total score and additional symptoms questionnaire), and safety. RESULTS: Overall, 414 @entity1 were randomized and treated (FEV1 1.63 L [55.8% predicted]). Compared with placebo, FEV1 AUC0-24 and FEV1 AUC12-24 were significantly increased from baseline with @entity7024 (    = 150 mL and 160 mL, respectively; p < 0.0001) and @entity5489 (    = 140 mL and 123 mL, respectively; p < 0.0001) at week 6. Significant improvements in E-RS total scores over 6 weeks were numerically greater with @entity7024 (p < 0.0001) than @entity5489 (p < 0.05) versus placebo. Only @entity7024 significantly reduced the severity of early-morning cough, wheeze, @entity1353 , and phlegm, and of nighttime symptoms versus placebo (p < 0.05). Adverse-event (AE) incidence (28%) was similar between treatments. Few anticholinergic AEs (<1.5%) or serious AEs (<3%) occurred in any group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7024 provided significant 24-hour bronchodilation versus placebo from day 1 with comparable efficacy to @entity5489 after 6 weeks. Improvements in @entity1030 symptoms were consistently numerically greater with @entity7024 versus @entity5489 . @entity7024 was generally well tolerated.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity7023 compared with placebo and @entity5489 in XXXX with moderate-to-severe @entity1030 : results from a 6-week, randomized, controlled Phase IIIb study.

entities_list: @entity5489 :: ('MESH:C079890', 'Chemical') :: ['tiotropium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity7024 :: ('CHEBI:65346', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium', 'Aclidinium']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity7023 :: ('MESH:C542859', 'Chemical') :: ['aclidinium bromide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Immunometabolism is an emerging field of clinical investigation due to the @entity28 epidemic worldwide. A reciprocal involvement of immune mediators in the body energy metabolism has been recognized for years, but is only partially understood. We hypothesized that the adipokine leptin could provide an important modulator of iNKT cells. METHODS: The expression of @entity18070 ( @entity18070 ) on resting and activated iNKT cells was measured by flow cytometry. @entity10062 -sorted hepatic iNKT cells were stimulated with anti- @entity5168 / @entity10867 Ab coated beads in the absence or presence of a neutralizing anti-leptin Ab. Furthermore, we evaluated the outcome of @entity18070 blocking nanobody treatment in ConA induced @entity99 and towards metabolic parameters in WT and iNKT cell deficient @entity19 . RESULTS: The @entity18070 is expressed on iNKT cells and leptin suppresses iNKT cell proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. @entity18070 deficient iNKT cells are hyper-responsive further enforcing the role of leptin as an important inhibitor of iNKT cell function. Consistently, in vivo blockade of @entity18070 signaling exacerbated ConA @entity99 in wild-type but not in iNKT cell deficient @entity19 , through both Janus kinase ( @entity16404 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent mechanisms. Moreover, @entity18070 inhibition altered fat pad features and was accompanied by insulin resistance, only in wild-type @entity19 . Curiously, this interaction was strictly dependent on MAPK mediated @entity18070 signaling in iNKT cells and uncoupled from the more central effects of leptin. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a new concept of immune regulation by which leptin protects towards T cell mediated @entity99 via modulation of iNKT cells.

title: A bidirectional crosstalk between iNKT cells and adipocytes mediated by leptin modulates susceptibility for T cell mediated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6038 is a @entity74 characterized by @entity2421 , @entity28 , @entity6126 , and @entity1032 , but it is difficult to diagnose clinically in @entity1 and young @entity1 . In about two thirds of @entity1 , a cytogenetically visible deletion can be detected in the paternally derived chromosome 15 (15q11q13). Recently, @entity1 with @entity6038 have been described who do not have the cytogenetic deletion but instead have two copies of the 15q11q13 region that are inherited from the mother (with none inherited from the father). This unusual form of inheritance is known as maternal @entity8882 . Using molecular genetic techniques, we sought to determine the frequency of @entity8882 in @entity6038 . METHODS: We performed molecular analyses using DNA markers within 15q11q13 and elsewhere on chromosome 15 in 30 @entity1 with @entity6038 who had no cytogenetically visible deletion. We also studied their parents. Three @entity1 with @entity6038 who had a cytogenetic deletion served as controls. RESULTS: In 18 of the 30 @entity1 without a cytogenetic deletion (60 percent), we demonstrated the presence of @entity10267 and its association with advanced maternal age. In another eight @entity1 (27 percent), we identified large molecular deletions. The remaining four @entity1 (13 percent) had evidence of normal biparental inheritance for chromosome 15; three of these @entity1 were the only ones in the study who had some atypical clinical features. CONCLUSIONS: In about 20 percent of all cases, @entity6038 results from the inheritance of both copies of chromosome 15 from the mother (maternal @entity8882 ). With the combined use of cytogenetic and molecular techniques, the genetic basis of @entity6038 can be identified in up to 95 percent of @entity1 .

title: The frequency of XXXX in @entity6038 . Implications for molecular diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader-Willi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomy']

entities_list: @entity10267 :: ('MESH:C538037', 'Disease') :: ['maternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 15']

answer: @entity8882 :: (MESH:D024182,Disease) :: ['uniparental disomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) for the staging of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has been well documented, whereas its role for postoperative surveillance after the curative resection of this @entity5 has not. We prospectively implemented PET-CT in our surveillance protocol for recurrence of @entity1149 and investigated its effectiveness as compared with that of conventional methods. METHODS: The cohort for our study of PET-CT in detecting recurrence of @entity1149 consisted of 358 @entity1 who had undergone complete resection of @entity1149 between January 2005 and June 2008. After resection of their @entity5 , all of the @entity1 were routinely examined at the thoracic surgical outpatient clinic at 3-month intervals for 2 years and after this at 6 month intervals for next 3 years. Careful @entity1 interviews, physical examinations, chest roentgenography, and measurements of the serum carcinoembryonic antigen level were done at each visit. Contrast-enhanced chest CT was done at 6-month intervals, and PET-CT was done annually for 5 years after resection of @entity1149 . RESULTS: Recurrences were detected in 111 @entity1 (31%). In 60 of these @entity1 , recurrence was detected with conventional methods, and in the remaining 51 @entity1 recurrences were detected with simultaneous PET-CT and chest CT. Among these latter @entity1 , recurrence was evident in both the chest CT and PET-CT scans of 26 @entity1 (51.0%), and in the PET-CT scans alone of 19 @entity1 (37.3%). Five lung lesions (2 small, 1 subpleural, 1 cavitary, and 1 nodule of ground-glass opacity) and 1 pancreatic @entity3 were detected with chest CT only. CONCLUSIONS: When the two methods were used simultaneously, PET-CT seemed superior to chest CT for detecting recurrences of @entity1149 . However, because PET-CT may fail to detect small or hypometabolic recurrences of @entity1149 , we recommend that it be done on an annual basis along with low-dose chest CT.

title: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography for postoperative surveillance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: While a group of oral commensals have been implicated in the aetiology of chronic @entity2521 ; the asaccharolytic Gram negative anaerobe @entity2523 is most commonly reported to be associated with severe forms of the disease. Although a variety of @entity1 tissues can produce a number of peptidylarginine deiminase  (PAD), enzymes that convert peptide bound @entity369 residues to @entity7792 , @entity2523 is one of the few prokaryotes known to express PAD. Protein and peptide citrullination are important in the development of @entity309 and in recent years a number of authors have suggested a possible link between @entity2521 and @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Indeed, some have linked @entity2523 directly to @entity309 via the action of PAD. Accordingly, the prime purpose of this study was to further characterise PAD in @entity2523 cells particular emphasis on substrate specificity, using @entity369 containing peptides and @entity309 relevant proteins. METHODS: P.  ginigvalis W50 was anaerobically cultured in BHI broth, cells harvested and resuspended in assay buffer. A colourimetric assay was developed to measure citrulline and employed to determine enzyme activity using the substrate BAEE. The assay was employed to investigate the effects of environmental pH and temperature on activity. Citrullination of BAEE by sonicated cells allowed the proportion of intracellular enzyme to be estimated. Enzyme specificity and substrate preference were investigated by using various @entity369 containing peptides, proteins and @entity369 analogues, as substrates and measuring the rate of citrullination. The influence of gingipains on citrullination was assessed by measuring the rates of citrullination of bovine serum albumin in the presence of protease inhibitors. RESULTS: Enzyme activity decreased by 13% following exposure of cells to 60    C for 10  min. A comparison of intact and disrupted cells indicated that 90% of PAD activity is cell surface associated and the remainder cytoplasmic. Optimal pH for enzyme activity was between pH 7.5 and 8. All small @entity369 -containing peptides were citrullinated with reaction rates faster than that for free @entity369 with rates that varied with @entity369 residue position and number. @entity369 analogues exhibited minimal effect and influence when tested as either substrates or competitive inhibitors. Cells were able to citrullinate @entity375 enolase, @entity1 @entity2277 and fibrin at varying rates. All proteins were modified at slower rates than those for peptide substrates. Inhibition of gingipains had no influence on the rate of protein citrullination. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2523 PAD is a primarily cell surface associated, heat stable, enzyme that exhibits optimal activity under alkaline conditions similar to those present in the inflammatory environment. The enzyme displays high specificity for @entity369 residues in peptides and modified @entity369 in all positions and the gingipains did not influence the rate of protein citrullination. The ability of the enzyme to convert @entity369 residues in all proteins tested would indicate that its presence in inflamed tissue may promote @entity792 by creation of altered host epitopes.

title: XXXX peptidylarginine deiminase substrate specificity.

entities_list: @entity7792 :: ('CHEBI:16349', 'Chemical') :: ['citrulline']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune reactions']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P.  gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']


abstract: The authors made a polygraphic registration of the night sleep in a sample of 14 chronic @entity161 @entity1 who for several months (mean 8 months) have been on a stable, relatively low maintenance dosage of neuroleptics administered according to the drug-free weekend schedule (two consecutive drug-free days at the weekend). During this treatment none of them showed a relapse or deterioration (BPRS, CGI, and NOSIE rating scales were applied periodically). Their only complaint was of @entity25 during the drugfree weekend nights, especially during the second night. The polygraphic night-sleep pattern of each @entity1 was studied during two consecutive weeks. No difference was found between the adaptation night on medication and the consecutive night on medication during the first week, and between the adaptation and readaptation nights on medication during two consecutive weeks. There was no difference in any @entity25 between the nights on medication and the first drug-free nights. There was a signifcant difference in the total sleep time between the nights on medications and the second drug-free nights. No difference was found in any other @entity25 in nights analysed as a blocks and in the distribution of NREM and REM stages in the first vs. the second half of the night when B3 was compared with A2. The practical implication is, that to avoid any change in nocturnal behavior it is preferable to withdraw the medication on two nonconsecutive days in the week. The evaluation of both daily and nocturnal behavior seems to be a useful tool in evaluating the first sign of the @entity3347 .

title: Sleep analysis during drug-free weekends in chronic XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deterioration', 'sleep parameters']

entities_list: @entity3347 :: ('MESH:D013375', 'Disease') :: ['drug-withdrawal syndrome']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of @entity692 cement in craniofacial reconstruction, specifically examining the role (if any) of radiation, implant location, and cement type. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all @entity1 presenting to the senior surgeon (Y.D.) for craniofacial reconstruction from September 1997 to April 2004. METHODS: Data were collected including type of cement used, size of defect, complications, need for removal of cement, reason for defect, and pathologic results of examination of removed cements. RESULTS: One hundred two @entity1 were identified who underwent craniofacial reconstruction with @entity692 cements, 7 of whom required complete implant removal (6 Norian and 1 Mimix), and 4 (2 Norian and 2 Bone source) of whom required partial implant removal for foreign body reaction. Five of the removals were in @entity1 who underwent postoperative radiation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity692 cements are safe in craniofacial reconstruction. The highest risk of implant @entity281 comes from reconstruction in the area of the frontal sinus, immediately beneath coronal incisions, and in @entity1 who receive postoperative radiation treatment. Based on our results, there does appear to be a statistically significant difference in rates of @entity281 and foreign body reaction between the different types of @entity692 cement. We would not recommend implantation of this material in contact with the frontal sinus. Caution should be exercised when it is placed directly beneath an incision or in @entity1 receiving postoperative radiation, particularly if a boost dose is given.

title: XXXX cement in craniofacial reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite', 'Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyapatite']


abstract: A @entity1162 in the neonatal period and during infancy is associated with higher mortality rates, independently of the appearance of symptoms. This suggests the opportunity of a prophylaxis with beta-blockers in this population. QT interval dispersion is a useful clinical tool to predict the efficacy of antiadrenergic therapy. However, the effects of antiadrenergic interventions on QT interval and QT interval dispersion in newborns are not known. Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded in 14 newborns with @entity1162 , before and after oral administration of 2 mg/kg @entity1169 . Two electrocardiograms were also recorded in 14 newborns with normal QT intervals, matched for age and sex. In the control group no differences in heart rate, mean QTc, and @entity1480 between the two recordings were observed. In the newborns with @entity1162 , @entity1169 did not change mean Qtc (from 467 +/- 21 to 451 +/- 26 msec; difference not significant), whereas it decreased spatial @entity1480 , measured as the difference between the longest and shortest QTc in 12 different leads (from 69 +/- 23 to 42 +/- 13 msec; -39%; p = 0.001). This reduction was explained mainly by a shortening of the maximum QTc (from 504 +/- 25 to 476 +/- 18 msec; p = 0.005), with no change in the minimum QTc, and was not dependent on the slight change in mean QTc, as shown by the decrease in the coefficient of variation of QTc (standard deviation of QTc/mean QTc x 100) from 6.0 +/- 2.2 to 3.3 +/- 0.8 (p = 0.002). Of note, after @entity1169 , both measures of @entity1480 reached the same levels observed in the control newborns. During the follow-up (> 2 years for nine of 14 @entity1 ), none of the @entity1 had symptoms or @entity943 . These results suggest that beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity1169 slightly affects mean QTc, but it significantly decreases the spatial dispersion of ventricular repolarization in newborn @entity1 with a @entity1162 . This effect might modify the arrhythmogenic substrate, leading to a reduction of the susceptibility to life-threatening @entity943 .

title: Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on dispersion of ventricular repolarization in newborn @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QT interval']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1480 :: ('MESH:C563184', 'Disease') :: ['QTc dispersion']

answer: @entity1162 :: (MESH:D008133,Disease) :: ['prolonged QT interval']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the results of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in @entity1 with advanced stages of @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ) who had previously been treated with @entity2213 (IM). METHODS: We analysed the outcome of 61 @entity1 with @entity1860 who had received allogeneic HCT from sibling (n = 18) or unrelated (n = 43) donors after having been treated with IM. Forty-one @entity1 had received IM because of accelerated or blast phase @entity1860 . Conditioning therapy contained standard doses of @entity1863 (n = 25) or total-body irradiation (n = 20) in conjunction with @entity786 in the majority of cases. Sixteen @entity1 received dose-reduced conditioning with @entity3118 -based regimens. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2132 was 66% and 38% respectively. The probability of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse at 18 months for the whole @entity1 cohort were 37%, 33% and 24% respectively. The probability of non-relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 d and 12 months was 30% and 46% respectively. Univariate analysis showed that @entity3118 -based conditioning therapy, age > or = 40 yr and >12 months interval between diagnosis and transplantation were associated with a significantly lower @entity1349 and DFS and a higher NRM. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that although pretreatment with IM is not an independent negative prognostic factor, it cannot improve the dismal prognosis of @entity1860 @entity1 at high risk for transplant-related mortality.

title: Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukaemia in the era of XXXX : a retrospective multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['grades II-IV and III-IV graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess effects of @entity548 on @entity174 healing in a large animal closed @entity174 model. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: University Medical Center. STUDY SUBJECTS: Eight skeletally mature neutered male @entity1237 . INTERVENTION: Standardized bilateral closed midshaft tibia @entity174 were created in all the @entity1237 . The @entity1237 were randomized to a @entity548 , @entity1457 and resuscitation group ( @entity1457 group), or a control group. @entity548 was induced in the four @entity1237 in the @entity1457 group. The @entity1457 state was maintained for thirty minutes. The remaining four @entity1237 were used as a control group. All @entity174 were stabilized with a standardized external fixator. OUTCOME MEASURES: Swan-Ganz catheters were used to record cardiac output (CO). Arterial blood was sampled to determine base deficit values for the @entity1237 after @entity548 . Radiographs were obtained weekly. After four weeks the tibias were harvested and nondestructively tested in torsion. Immediately after mechanical testing, the tibias were processed for histologic analysis. Standard histomorphologic indices, including total bone volume (TV/BV%), osteoblast surfaces (Ob/BS%), and osteoid surface (OS/BS%), were measured. RESULTS: One @entity1237 in the @entity1457 group became agitated upon emergence from anesthesia and dislodged two of his external fixator pins. This animal was killed and was not included in the analysis of results. One @entity1237 that would have been entered into the control group was then switched to the @entity1457 group, leaving four @entity1237 in the @entity1457 group and three in the control group. One @entity1237 in the @entity1457 group developed a nonunion of his @entity174 . This nonunion occurred because of loosening of pin fixation in the distal tibia. The nonunited bone was not included in the analysis of results. The animal's right tibia healed uneventfully. @entity548 uniformly resulted in @entity1457 . In the @entity1457 group @entity1237 , average CO on induction of anesthesia was 3.7 l/min. Average CO dropped to 0.7 after @entity548 and rose to 6.6 after fluid resuscitation. The average base deficit for the @entity1457 group animals was -9.9. The control group animals had minor drops in average CO, from 4.5 on induction of anesthesia to 4.3 on emergence from anesthesia. Radiographic analysis showed no apparent differences in healing between groups when comparing callus area and density. With the exception of the nonunion, all tibiae were considered to be healing normally radiographically. Biomechanical testing showed no statistical difference between the @entity1457 and control groups in maximum torque (p = 0.95), stiffness (p = 0.64), and energy absorbed at failure (p = 0.91). Histomorphologic results indicated there were no differences between groups. Shock did not appear to influence bone formation rate or callus remodeling compared with controls (p = 0.6). No evidence of osteocyte @entity39 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: In this study no significant difference was found between the @entity1457 and control groups in any of the parameters measured. Transient @entity548 does not appear to adversely affect closed tibia @entity174 healing in a @entity1237 model.

title: The effect of XXXX in a caprine @entity174 model.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'left tibia fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic factors and optimal management of @entity765 have been discussed for decades. The authors present the results of a large series of @entity1 with @entity765 treated at a single institution to investigate the prognostic factors influencing event-free survival (EFS) and suitable treatments for these rare @entity5 . METHODS: Two hundred fourteen @entity1 with @entity765 admitted to the surgical department were included, of whom 20 were recommended for a policy of watchful waiting. The following clinical parameters were studied: admission status, age, sex, @entity5 site, @entity5 size, margin status, and therapeutic strategy. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for EFS. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 had local recurrence. One @entity1 died of @entity1320 . The 5-year and 10-year EFS rates were 78.8% and 77.9%, respectively. In univariate analysis, admission status, @entity5 site, @entity5 size, and group (R0 vs R1 and R0 vs R2) had significant impacts on EFS. EFS discrepancy was not significant between R1 and R2 or biopsy groups. In multivariate analysis, @entity5 size and admission status had independent value. The median delay to progression for @entity1 undergoing watchful waiting was comparable with that for the surgical group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that @entity5 size and a history of recurrence are independent predictors of EFS. Surgery is warranted if it can be R0 and function sparing. Nonsurgical modalities or a policy of watchful waiting may be a better choice for unresectable disease.

title: Prognostic factors influencing event-free survival and treatments in XXXX : analysis from a large institution.

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid-type fibromatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical staging of @entity418 is required for optimal therapy but remains imprecise. Pathologic verification of involved lymph nodes could potentially direct treatment allocation. With the rising incidence of distal and gastroesophageal junction @entity420 , assessment of the celiac axis lymph nodes (CLNs) becomes important because it is a common nodal drainage basin. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) permits evaluation of CLNs and biopsy by fine-needle aspiration. This study examined the usefulness of this staging tool. METHODS: A consecutive series of 62 @entity1 with @entity418 considered resectable by computed tomographic scan underwent EUS for T and N staging and were retrospectively studied. A CLN visualized by EUS as greater than 5 mm was considered positive. Fine-needle aspiration of the CLN was performed routinely. Endoscopic ultrasound and computed tomographic staging were compared on the basis of pathologic verification of CLNs. RESULTS: It was possible to evaluate CLNs by EUS in 59 (95%) of 62 @entity1 : positive in 19, negative in 40. In EUS-positive @entity1 , fine-needle aspiration was positive in 15, falsely negative in 2, and not done in 2. By computed tomographic scan, CLNs were negative in 57 @entity1 and positive in 2. The CLNs were positive in 23 of 54 @entity1 eligible for CLN pathologic verification. All positive CLNs not identified by EUS (7 false-negative EUS) were microscopic foci in one or two nodes and were associated with T3 @entity5 . Sensitivity and specificity of EUS were 72% and 97%, respectively, compared with 8% and 100% for computed tomographic scan. When EUS identified CLNs, fine-needle aspiration confirmed positivity in 88% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration is useful in the detection and confirmation of CLN @entity3 . In T3 @entity5 of the distal esophagus, a negative EUS result does not substantiate absence of @entity66 . Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration may be important in guiding treatment for @entity1 with distal @entity420 and documenting disease before neoadjuvant therapy.

title: XXXX staging: improved accuracy by endoscopic ultrasound of celiac lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CLN disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal cancer']