abstract: The urokinase plasminogen activator system plays a central role in @entity5 progression. Both @entity5 and enhancement of urokinase plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor and @entity9378 have been identified as adverse prognostic factors. Upregulation of urokinase plasminogen activator or @entity9378 could present means by which @entity519 influences malignant progression. Therefore, the impact of @entity519 on the expression pattern of the urokinase plasminogen activator system in @entity35 DS- @entity242 in vivo and in vitro was examined. In the in vivo setting, @entity5 cells were implanted subcutaneously into @entity35 , which were housed under either @entity519 , atmospheric air or @entity871 . For in vitro studies, DS- @entity242 cells were incubated for 24 h under @entity519 . Urokinase plasminogen activator and urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor expression were analysed by flow cytometry. Urokinase plasminogen activator activity was measured using zymography. @entity9378 protein levels in vitro and in vivo were examined with ELISA. @entity2630 mRNA levels were determined by RT-PCR. DS- @entity242 cells express @entity9378 in vitro and in vivo. The urokinase plasminogen activator activity is enhanced in DS- @entity242 compared to normal tissues and rises with increasing @entity5 volume. The oxygenation level has no impact on the urokinase plasminogen activator activity in cultured DS- @entity242 cells or in solid @entity5 , although in vitro an increase in @entity9378 protein and mRNA expression after @entity519 challenge is detectable. The latter @entity9378 changes were not detectable in vivo. @entity519 has been demonstrated to contribute to the upregulation of some components of the system in vitro, although this effect was not reproducible in vivo. This may indicate that the serum level of @entity9378 is not a reliable surrogate marker of @entity5 .

title: Expression pattern of the urokinase-plasminogen activator system in @entity35 DS- XXXX : role of oxygenation status and @entity5 size.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour hypoxia', 'tumours', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity9378 :: ('29366(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1', 'urokinase plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7084 Background: The addition of cetuximab (Erbitux   ), an IgG1 monoclonal antibody, to chemotherapy has produced encouraging results in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) in doublet (ASCO 2002: A1168; ASCO 2003: 2581) as well as triplet therapy (ASCO 2003: A2587; ASCO 2003: A2582). Since single agent activity of cetuximab in @entity1149 is not known, a phase II trial was undertaken. METHODS: Eligible pts with stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 who have recurrent or @entity3 following >=  1 prior regimen, including a prior @entity902 , are eligible to participate in the study. @entity1 must have an ECOG PS of 0 or 1, and @entity5 can be @entity470 positive or negative. @entity1 receive an initial cetuximab dose of 400 mg/m(2) on Day 1 of Cycle 1, followed by weekly cetuximab doses of 250 mg/m(2). One cycle equals four weeks. Weekly treatment with cetuximab continues until disease progression or unacceptable @entity137 develops. The response rate with cetuximab will be determined for @entity470 (+) positive pts, @entity470 (-) negative pts, and for the total study population. @entity1 will also be assessed for time to disease progression, survival, and @entity137 . RESULTS: At a planned interim analysis of the first 29 @entity470 + @entity1 , there were 2 confirmed partial responses and 5 pts with stable disease. Preliminary demographic and safety data includes: 29 @entity470 + pts, M/ @entity6236 , 23 pts with stage IV, 6 pts who never smoked and a mean age of 64 years (range 40-78). The mean number of cycles received was 3 (range 1-6). Reported grade 3/4 adverse events deemed possibly related to cetuximab included rash, @entity2688 , fatigue, @entity1209 (1 pt each). CONCLUSIONS: The study is currently ongoing. [Table: see text].

title: A phase II trial of cetuximab as therapy for recurrent @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: The syndrome of @entity6323 has neither been commonly recognized nor adequately described. Symptoms include the abrupt onset of @entity843 , @entity382 , and fluid retention below the diaphragm with @entity4 of the lower extremity. @entity644 can be associated with these symptoms. When this syndrome has been caused by @entity99 , it has not been well characterized in the literature, and its treatment has been ignored. We have diagnosed the @entity6323 due to metastatic liver involvement in 34 @entity1 before death. Thirty-three of these @entity1 were treated using a combination of strip radiotherapy to the hepatic vena cava, with or without hepatic arterial infusion of chemotherapy. Fifty-six percent of the @entity1 completed a full course of radiotherapy, with an 83 percent response rate. A dose of 3,000 to 4,500 rads was found to be safe and provided excellent palliation of @entity843 and @entity4 . @entity5 known to be radiosensitive had the best responses and side effects were few and mild in nature. Recognition and treatment of this condition will assume greater importance as survival is prolonged in more @entity1 with advanced @entity5 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of the @entity6323 in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['inferior vena cava syndrome', 'intrahepatic inferior vena cava obstruction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hepatic enlargement']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity2490 ( @entity2490 ) and @entity483 (E) on @entity565 severity among @entity748 ( @entity748 ) schoolchildren identified by the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood written questionnaire (WQ). WQ was applied to parents of 6-7-yr-old schoolchildren (SC, n=3033), and to @entity4806 ( @entity4806 , 13-14 yr old, n=3487), living in Sao Paulo, Brazil. An affirmative response to 'has your @entity1 /have you had wheezing/whistling in the last year' identified those with @entity748 , and an affirmative response to 'the last 12 months has your @entity1 /have you had sneezing/runny/blocked nose when he/she you did not have a cold/flu?' identified those with @entity2490 . Subjects with an affirmative response to 'has your @entity1 /have you had this @entity1910 at any time in the past 12 months?' were identified as having E. Subjects who had @entity2490 associated with @entity748 were identified as @entity1984 and those with @entity748 associated with @entity2490 and E as ARE. @entity748 who had at least two affirmative responses to questions for @entity565 severity: speech disturbance, more than four acute attacks, @entity25 , and wheezing with exercise were defined as having severe @entity565 . 22.1% @entity4806 and 24.3% SC were identified as @entity748 ; 47.1% of those @entity4806 and 42.0% SC had @entity1984 and 10.0% of those @entity4806 and 12.8% of SC had ARE. Considering ARE, @entity1984 and @entity748 groups, speech disturbance during an acute episode of @entity565 was significantly higher among ARE @entity4806 (20.0% vs. 11.5% vs. 8.7%, p<0.05), and ARE SC (22.1% vs. 13.9% vs. 10.5%, p<0.05) in comparison with @entity748 . Likewise, more than four acute attacks in the last year was significantly higher among ARE @entity4806 (24.0% vs. 14.0% vs. 10.5%, p<0.05) and ARE SC (32.6% vs. 19.4% vs. 12.8%, p<0.05) as the frequency of @entity25 due to wheezing, for @entity4806 (61.3% vs. 42.0% vs. 38.4%, p<0.05) and SC (77.9% vs. 67.3% vs. 58.4%, p<0.001) and for 'wheezing associated with exercise' for @entity4806 (72.0% vs. 47.5% vs. 39.9%, p<0.001) and SC (36.8% vs. 31.4% vs. 14.1%, p<0.001). Prevalence of severe @entity565 was higher among ARE @entity4806 (57.3% vs. 31.9% vs. 27.0%, p<0.05) and ARE SC (52.6% vs. 36.9% vs. 22.5%). In @entity1 with @entity748 , the presence of @entity2490 or E are risk factors for severe @entity565 , and both together ( @entity2490 and E) are a higher risk.

title: Is @entity2490 alone or associated with XXXX a risk factor for severe @entity565 in @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['itchy rash']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['adolescents', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: Ambulatory cardiac telemetry has been shown to be effective in establishing diagnoses in @entity1 with suspected @entity943 . A critical component of ambulatory telemetry is the immediate transfer of rhythm information to a central monitoring station without requiring @entity1 action. The frequency with which potentially life-threatening events are detected using ambulatory telemetry has not previously been evaluated in a large @entity1 population. All @entity1 (n = 26,438) who underwent monitoring from April to December 2008 at a single service provider formed the @entity1 population of this study. Arrhythmic events noted in these @entity1 were defined as those requiring physician notification and those that represented potentially life-threatening @entity943 . Of the 26,438 @entity1 included in the study, 5,459 (21%) had arrhythmic events meeting physician notification criteria during a mean monitoring period of 21 days. Of these, 262 @entity1 (1%) had arrhythmic events that could potentially be classified as emergent. These included 120 @entity1 with wide complex @entity591 > or = 15 beats at > or = 120 beats/min, 100 @entity1 with pauses > or = 6 seconds, and 42 @entity1 with sustained heart rates <30 beats/min. An additional 704 @entity1 (3%) had narrow complex @entity591 > or = 180 beats/min at rest. In conclusion, approximately 1% of @entity1 who underwent ambulatory telemetry for routine clinical indications experienced life-threatening arrhythmic events over a 3-week monitoring period. Ambulatory cardiac telemetry could be potentially lifesaving in this group of @entity1 .

title: Frequency of serious XXXX detected with ambulatory cardiac telemetry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Stem cells are characterized by self renewal and multipotent differentiation.We report the effects of intracavernosal transplant of @entity1 umbilical cord blood stem cells on @entity323 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven type 2 @entity6 who had failed to achieve an erection for at least 6 months despite medications, and who are currently awaiting penile prostheses, participated. All laboratory results were normal, except for @entity323 and @entity6 . A total of 1.5 x 10(7) @entity1 umbilical cord blood stem cells were infused into the corpus cavernosum. No immunosuppressive measures were taken in any of the @entity1 . International index of erectile function-5, SEP, GAQ, erection diary, blood @entity413 diary, and medication dosage were followed for 9 months. RESULTS: The mean age was 69.5 years (range, 57-87 years). Morning erections were regained in 3 @entity1 within 1 month, and for all except 1 by the third month, and maintained for more than 6 months. Rigidity increased as the result of stem cell therapy alone, but was insufficient for penetration. With the addition of @entity7856 inhibitor before coitus, 2 achieved penetration and experienced orgasm, and maintained for more than 6 months; however, 1 @entity1 could not achieved penetration at ninth month. All but 1 reported increased desire. During follow-up, 2 returned for prosthesis, 4 returned to a nonerectile condition at 9 months, and 1 maintained erection sufficient for coitus with medication until the 11th month. Blood @entity413 levels decreased by 2 weeks, and medication dosages were reduced in all but 1 subject for 4 to 7 months. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels improved after treatment for up to 3 to 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 umbilical cord blood stem cell therapy has positive effects on @entity323 and @entity6 . Stem cells and unknown humoral factors of @entity1 umbilical cord blood stem cells mediate mechanism may contribute to these positive effects.

title: Treatment of XXXX with umbilical cord blood stem cell intracavernosal transplant: preliminary report of 7 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients', 'participant', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'erectile dysfunction', 'diabetic erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic impotence']


abstract: PURPOSE: Contralateral C7 (CC7) transfer for @entity2685 ( @entity2685 ) can benefit finger sensation but remains controversial regarding restoration of motor function. We report our 20-year experience using CC7 transfer for @entity2685 , all of which had at least 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: A total of 137 adult @entity2685 @entity1 underwent CC7 transfer from 1989 to 2006. Of these @entity1 , 101 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for this study. A single surgeon performed all surgeries. A vascularized ulnar nerve graft, either pedicled or free, was used for CC7 elongation. The vascularized ulnar nerve graft was transferred to the median nerve (group 1, 1 target) in 55 @entity1 , and to the median and musculocutaneous nerves (group 2, 2 targets) in 23 @entity1 . In another 23 @entity1 (group 3, 2 targets, 2 stages), the CC7 was transferred to the median nerve (17 @entity1 ) or to the median and musculocutaneous nerve (6 @entity1 ) during the first stage, followed by functioning free muscle transplantation for finger flexion. RESULTS: We considered finger flexion strength greater or equal to M3 to be a successful functional result. Success rates of CC7 transfer were 55%, 39%, and 74% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In addition, the success rate for recovery of elbow flexion (strength M3 or better) in group 2 was 83%. CONCLUSIONS: In reconstruction of total brachial plexus root @entity155 , the best option may be to adopt the technique of using CC7 transfer to the musculocutaneous and median nerve, followed by FFMT in the early stage (18 mo or less) for finger flexion. Such a technique can potentially improve motor recovery of elbow and finger flexion in a shorter rehabilitation period (3 to 4 y) and, more importantly, provide finger sensation to the completely paralytic limb. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: Minimum 4-year follow-up on contralateral C7 nerve transfers for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity2685 :: ('MESH:C536265', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus injuries', 'BPI']

answer: @entity2685 :: (MESH:C536265,Disease) :: ['brachial plexus injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic indices are needed to optimize end-of-life care for @entity5 @entity1 at home, but few prognostic indices predict the last 10 days. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors for the last 10 and 3 days of life in @entity1 with lung, gastric, or @entity14 at home. METHODS: Symptoms and signs were initially identified by literature review, and questionnaire was developed. Evaluation of these items and identification of additional items were then performed by 72 visiting nurses using the 3-round Delphi approach. RESULTS: The evaluation of 31 third-round responses is reported. The items for gastric and @entity14 were almost same; these @entity5 were treated as @entity1820 . To predict the last 10 and 3 days, there were 6 and 0 specific items for @entity2 , respectively, and 5 and 13 specific items for @entity1820 , respectively. There were 9 common items to predict the last 10 days and 29 common items to predict the last 3 days. CONCLUSION: The specific and common items that could be used to predict the last 10 and 3 days in @entity1 with lung or @entity1820 were identified. The prognostic items for the last 3 days of life were more numerous among the @entity1820 than those for the last 10 days. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Specific prognostic items for each @entity5 are useful for visiting nurses to offer individualized care to @entity1 and families. Using the specific and common prognostic items, end-of-life care may be improved.

title: Prognostic items for the last 10 and 3 days of life of @entity5 XXXX at home.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers', 'gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals on the postpartum care of @entity1 with @entity6677 . STUDY DESIGN: We surveyed 106 healthcare professionals including obstetricians, diabetologists, general practitioners and midwives in East London and West Midlands in England (September 2014). The questionnaire assessed postpartum screening practices, care provision, future risk and strategies to prevent @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity6677 . RESULTS: The response rate was 87% (92/106). Nearly all respondents offered advice on diet (99%; CI 95%, 100%) and exercise (92%; CI 85%, 97%) postnatally in @entity1 with @entity6677 . The preferred screening time for @entity6 was 6 weeks to 3 months postpartum (76%; CI 66%, 85%). Overall, oral @entity413 tolerance test was the preferred test (57%; CI 46%, 67%), although general practitioners preferred fasting @entity413 (50%; CI 33%, 67%) and glycated hemoglobin (47%; CI 30%, 64%). Most midwives (81%, 17/21) and obstetricians (52%, 11/21) either underestimated or were unsure of the future risk of @entity6 . There was lack of consensus on responsibility for immediate postpartum screening. CONCLUSION: The survey highlights the need for improved awareness of future risk of @entity6 in @entity1 with @entity6677 , consensus on optimal postpartum screening and identification of the main healthcare provider responsible for further management. This is particularly important for areas of social deprivation.

title: Postpartum care of XXXX with @entity6677 : survey of healthcare professionals.

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes', 'diagnosis of gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The reserve of the venous route to the central veins is important for long-term @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ). Frequent @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) induces @entity432 . Therefore, a modified exchange procedure using a tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) with a @entity82 was developed to preserve the route to the central veins. METHODS: Seven @entity1 who required long-term @entity3147 received the modified exchange procedure and the outcome of exchanged CVC was retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The procedure was performed 10 times in seven @entity1 . The venous routes were either the subclavicular or the internal jugular vein in all @entity1 . The exchange of the catheter was due to @entity1212 or occlusion in almost all @entity1 . The mean duration of new catheter use was 296.2 days following the exchange. Four catheters continued to be used, and the remaining ones were removed. The reasons for removal were severe @entity1212 and occlusion, each of which occurred in two catheterized @entity1 , while the reason for removing the remaining catheters was because the @entity1 no longer needed the catheters. CONCLUSION: The modified catheter exchange using @entity82 , even in @entity1 with @entity1212 , appears to be an effective procedure for reserving the venous route to the central veins in @entity1 who require either long-term @entity3147 or other treatments.

title: Usefulness of exchanging a tunneled central venous catheter using a subcutaneous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related bloodstream infection', 'CRBSI']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous sheath']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion of the venous routes']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous sheath']


abstract: @entity11540 ( @entity6157 ) is an important industrial intermediate used extensively in the production of @entity10977 , as a fumigant, and as a sterilant of choice for various medical devices. The mutagenicity of @entity6157 was studied for the induction of specific-locus mutations in the @entity5536 -3 (ad-3) region of a two-component heterokaryon (H-12) of @entity1980 . The objectives of these studies with @entity6157 were to rank its mutagenic potency and to compare its mutational spectrum for induced specific-locus mutations with other chemical mutagens in this lower eukaryotic organism. Specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon H12 result from gene/point mutations at the closely linked ad-3A and ad-3B loci, multilocus deletion mutations and multiple-locus mutations. These major genotypic classes are similar to the types of specific-locus mutations that can be detected in higher organisms. Conidial suspensions of H-12 were treated with five different concentrations of @entity6157 (0.1-0.35%) for 3 h at 25 degrees C. Control and @entity6157 -treated conidial suspensions were used to obtain dose-response curves for inactivation as well as the overall induction of ad-3 forward mutations using a non-selective method based on pigment accumulation rather than a requirement for @entity5536 . The results from these experiments are: (1) the slope of the dose-response curve for @entity6157 -induced specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region is 1.49 +/- 0.07, and (2) the maximum forward-mutation frequency fell between 10 and 100 ad-3 mutations per 10(6) survivors; therefore, @entity6157 is a moderate mutagen. Classical genetic tests were used to characterize the @entity6157 -induced ad-3 mutations from each of two treatments (0.25 and 0.35%). The overall data base demonstrates that @entity6157 -induced ad-3 mutations result from a high percentage (96.9%) of gene/point mutations at the ad-3A and ad-3B loci, as well as from a low percentage (3.1%) of multilocus deletion mutations. The mutagenic activity of @entity6157 is compared with the mutagenic specificity of other chemical mutagens and carcinogens in the ad-3 forward-mutation assay in @entity1980 . The utilization of the @entity1980 specific-locus data on @entity6157 and those from experiments in the @entity19 and @entity238 , by others, is discussed for genetic risk assessment of germ-cell effects resulting from @entity1 exposure to @entity6157 in the workplace.

title: @entity11540 : induction of specific-locus mutations in the ad-3 region of heterokaryon 12 of XXXX and implications for genetic risk assessment of @entity1 exposure in the workplace.

entities_list: @entity11540 :: ('MESH:D005027', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora', 'Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of @entity2650 repair utilizing an onlay preputial graft. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 records from 1989-2013 were retrospectively reviewed. A single surgeon performed all cases and surgical technique was the same for all @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 62 @entity1 in the cohort and average follow-up was 47.4 (range 1-185) months. The meatal location was separated into distal (1 @entity1 ), midshaft (19) and proximal (42). A total of 22 (35.5%) @entity1 experienced complications. There were three main types of complications, including meatal stenosis in 3 (4.8%), stricture in 3 (4.8%) and @entity292 in 21 (33.9%). The average timing of presentation with a complication after surgery was 24.9 (range 1-127) months. 54.5% of the @entity1 with complications presented 12 months or more after the initial surgery and 31.8% of the @entity1 with complications presented 3 or more years from the surgical date. On univariable analysis age at the time of surgery, length of the graft, presence of chordee or meatal location (proximal or midshaft) did not predict a complication. The width of the graft was associated with a complication, with each 1 mm increase in width decreasing the odds of a complication by 56%. On multivariable analysis width remained statistically significant (OR 0.44, 95%CI 0.230-0.840, p=0.013) for predicting a complication. CONCLUSION: @entity2650 repair with onlay preputial graft is an option for single stage repair, especially in cases of @entity4094 or where the urethral plate width and/or the glanular groove is insufficient for other types of repair. Compared to flaps, the use of grafts may decrease the risk of @entity546 and prevent less bulk around the urethra, improving skin and glans closure. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX Repair with Onlay Preputial Graft: A 25-year experience with long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['proximal hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['Hypospadias', 'hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile torsion']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['Hypospadias']


abstract: Two cases of @entity3441 (C.N.S.) with a prolonged survival are related. The AA. outline some clinical and immunological features which are already known but not currently employed to therapeutic ends. Probably due to @entity209 , the biological and clinical @entity1375 is a prominent problem which worsens either poor skeleton maturation or neurological development of these @entity1 ; adequate doses of thyroid hormone produced a marked @entity4372 , skeleton maturation and neuropsychological development in both @entity1 . Periodic plasma administration (2-3 times monthly) during the first year of life, and a great care to avoid all extra-family contacts and @entity281 in the same period, resulted to be the prevalent reason of the prolonged survival of these @entity1 (the plasma acting as a source of proteins and immunoglobulins). The immunologic assessment demonstrated in both @entity1 as marked @entity308 of T-cells number and function, besides a @entity7893 . This aspect of the immunocompetent system is similar in C.N.S. and @entity1985 of the aged @entity1 and perhaps could approach the pathogenesis of the two diseases. The cases related demonstrate that a better assistance is possible and necessary in order to obtain the longest survival of these @entity1 and therefore the best results in dialitic treatment and in transplantation programs.

title: [Is it possible to improve the prognosis of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['increase of the muscular tone']

answer: @entity3441 :: (MESH:C535761,Disease) :: ['congenital nephrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In accordance with the AHA/ACC clinical practice guideline, the likelihood of @entity63 caused by @entity453 ( @entity453 ) is to be determined as high, intermediate, or low for all @entity1 presenting with chest discomfort. This study was conducted to estimate extent of significant @entity453 in @entity1 with high and intermediate likelihood of @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) according to "AHA likelihood classification". METHODS: Overall, 133 consecutive @entity1 presented with symptoms or signs suggestive of @entity1459 , which was classified as of high or intermediate likelihood in @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) within one week were enrolled into the study. The characteristics of the @entity1 in either subgroup were compared in terms of the findings of the CAG. RESULTS: In @entity1 with high likelihood of @entity1459 (n=89), CAG revealed that 62 had significant @entity453 , 7-moderate @entity453 , 20-mild @entity453 or normal coronary angiogram. In @entity1 with intermediate likelihood of @entity1459 (n=19), CAG revealed that 2 @entity1 had significant @entity453 , and 17-mild @entity453 or normal coronary angiogram. The rate of significant @entity453 was significantly higher in @entity1 with high likelihood (p<0.001, LR 23.97, 95% CI 4.21-90.43). The sensitivity and specificity of having at least one of high likelihood features for detecting significant @entity453 were found to be 96.8% and 38.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the likelihood classification is useful for the triage of the @entity1459 @entity1 in the @entity341 . When supported with further studies, utilization of this classification will yield a high diagnostic accuracy in predicting or ruling out severe @entity453 in @entity1 presenting with @entity662 .

title: Angiographic extent of coronary artery stenosis in @entity1 with high and intermediate likelihood of XXXX according to likelihood classification of American Heart Association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemia']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency Department']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['unstable angina']


abstract: The complete liver carcinogen @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) promoted the outgrowth of large neoplastic liver nodules and @entity157 in @entity107 -treated @entity35 . @entity5997 did not alter the overall proliferative activity of normal hepatocytes, but suppressed binucleation and induced, on a long-term basis, an increase in proliferative activity and in the fraction of diploid hepatocytes relative to control animals. The analogue @entity7805 ( @entity7805 ) was much less effective than @entity5997 as a promoter of large nodules and @entity189 , but promoted the outgrowth of medium-sized nodules (1 < 2.5 mm). While @entity5997 specifically stimulated the growth of cells in enzyme-altered foci, the cells responding to @entity7805 were more randomly distributed throughout the liver tissue. In contrast to @entity5997 , @entity7805 strongly stimulated the growth (DNA synthesis) of normal hepatocytes, but like @entity5997 it suppressed binucleation and caused a long-term increase in the proliferative activity and in the fraction of diploid hepatocytes. Other @entity96 promoters ( @entity3429 , @entity7806 , @entity7325 ) likewise stimulated the growth and suppressed the binucleation of normal hepatocytes. All hepatocellular ploidy classes were affected virtually equally by mitogenic stimulation, but at low proliferation rates the mononuclear cells were more proliferative than the binuclear cells. Since this difference could be eliminated by increasing the mitogen dose, it would seem that mononuclear cells may be somewhat more sensitive towards mitogens than binuclear cells. In contrast to previously reported results [Styles et al. (1990) Carcinogenesis, 11, 1149-1152], @entity7325 was not found to specifically stimulate binuclear hepatocytes. Our results indicate that @entity96 promoters in general tend to induce a non-binucleating, non-polyploidizing hepatocellular growth pattern, similar to that observed during liver regeneration. @entity7805 is confirmed to be, at best, a very weak promoter of @entity409 , but appears to be an effective promoter of @entity5 .

title: Effect of @entity7805 and other XXXX promoters on hepatocellular growth and binucleation.

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumours']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity7325 :: ('MESH:D002992', 'Chemical') :: ['methylclofenapate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7805 :: ('MESH:C028676', 'Chemical') :: ['4-AAF', '4-acetylaminofluorene']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7806 :: ('MESH:C040534', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2-acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: The grade of a @entity5 is gauged on the subjective assessment of a number of histopathological parameters. The problems associated with this exercise were viewed from a historical perspective and survival analysis of 447 @entity1 receiving surgery for @entity420 was undertaken. Only deaths from @entity420 were included as events in the survival analysis. Seven grade-related parameters were scored by one observer. A grading system was constructed using the Cox regression model. The variables in the best-fitting parsimonious model comprised @entity2617 , tubule configuration and pattern of growth. Scores were derived from the model and a four grade system was created in which the groups were of similar size. Good reproducibility of the selected histopathological parameters was demonstrated. Grade-related parameters were then allowed to compete with stage-related parameters in an overall model of pathological prognostic categories. The parameters selected in the best model were number of affected lymph nodes, the presence of @entity2617 and extent of spread through bowel wall. A set of five prognostic categories was developed from this model.

title: The grading of XXXX : historical perspectives and a multivariate analysis of 447 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic infiltration']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of single-session @entity1068 ablation with multipronged needles in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity157 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot clinical study enrolled 20 @entity1 with @entity1 -Pugh A-B @entity82 (15 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 53-84 years old [mean 70.3 years old    8.3, median 72 years old]) and with 25 @entity96 1.2-3.8 cm in longest diameter (mean 2.3 cm    0.6) located in unfavorable locations for radiofrequency (RF) ablation. @entity1068 ablation was performed under moderate sedation using a multipronged injection needle (Quadra- @entity21245 ; REX Medical, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania) and ultrasound guidance. Follow-up period ranged from 12-24 months (mean 15.9 months    4.6, median 16 months) and included contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed 1 month after treatment and at 3-month intervals thereafter. RESULTS: The treatment protocol was successfully completed in all @entity1 (technical success rate 100%). No major complications were observed. A single treatment session with injection of 5-26 mL of @entity1068 (mean 9.5 mL    5.5) resulted in complete @entity5 ablation at 1 month CT or MR imaging in 21 (84%) of 25 @entity5 . A second treatment session increased the number of @entity5 with complete response (CR) to 23 of 25 (primary effectiveness rate 92%). @entity5 progression was observed in three cases during the follow-up period, for a rate of confirmed CR of 80% (20 of 25). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1068 ablation performed with a multipronged injection needle was not associated with any major complications and resulted in a high rate of confirmed CR. This technique offers an alternative to RF ablation for single-session treatment of early-stage @entity157 .

title: Single-session percutaneous XXXX ablation of @entity5 with a multipronged injection needle: results of a pilot clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['HCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: A retrospective study of 17 cases of primary @entity1779 is presented. These uncommon highly aggressive @entity1313 were seen at the Royal Preston Hospital, between 1973 and 1992. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 21 to 73 years (mean 52), nine were males and eight were females. They presented with signs and symptoms of a rapidly expanding @entity1313 . The diagnosis was suspected on radiological findings and confirmed by histological examination. Treatment involved surgical excision in 15 cases and biopsy in two followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy was given in three cases. Despite active management, median survival was only 9 months. The clinical, radiological and pathological features of these lesions are highlighted with emphasis on combined histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. The features of @entity3038 and @entity463 are compared and contrasted.

title: Primary XXXX : report of 17 cases.

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'intracranial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral gliosarcoma']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral gliosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6985 (LDM) is an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic drug which has been shown to be effective in several @entity74 ( @entity1582 [ @entity1582 ], @entity4018 with @entity4018 [ @entity4018 ] and @entity2590 [ @entity2590 ]). The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of LDM in our @entity1 . METHOD: Retrospective observational study which included @entity1 at our hospital who were monitored by the haematology unit, diagnosed with @entity1582 , @entity4018 and @entity2590 and candidates for LDM treatment. Treatment effectiveness was assessed after approximately 4 cycles of treatment. RESULTS: Between February 2007 and March 2008, 16 @entity1 were listed as candidates for receiving treatment with LDM (50% female/50% male, with a mean age of 69.6 years); of these candidates, 3 never initiated treatment. Five of the six @entity1 with @entity1582 treated at our hospital obtained some sort of response (83.3%). Of the 4 @entity1 with @entity4018 , 2 (66.6%) experienced some sort of response to treatment. Of the 6 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2590 , treatment was initiated in 3, and it had to be suspended in 2 cases due to different reasons. Treatment only had to be suspended in two of the 13 @entity1 who began it (15.4%) due to adverse effects (AE). CONCLUSION: LDM is well-tolerated and produces sustained clinical benefits, especially in @entity1582 and @entity4018 . More studies are needed for in-depth examination of treatment duration, new indications and the use of treatments combined with other drugs.

title: [Assessing @entity6985 for treating XXXX , @entity4018 and @entity2590 ].

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'myeloid metaplasia', 'myelofibrosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['haematological disorders']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: We generated allelotypes of 38 @entity1044 -induced @entity2 from female C57BL/6J x C3H/6J F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) @entity19 . Two or more polymorphic markers per autosome, most of them microsatellites, were examined for loss of heterozygosity. Allelic losses throughout the genome were generally infrequent except for markers on chromosome 4, which were lost in approximately one-half of the @entity189 . Analysis of lung @entity652 indicated that chromosome 4 loss was associated with @entity5 . In addition, chromosome 4 loss were @entity2 based on comparison to @entity1044 -induced @entity96 and additional studies of @entity2 from a variety of treatment protocols and different @entity19 strains. @entity393 was observed in B6C3F1 @entity189 . Analyses of additional @entity5 induced in @entity19 from two reciprocal crosses, A/J x C3H/HeJ F1 (hereafter called AC3F1) and C3H/HeJ x A/J F1 (hereafter called C3AF1), provided evidence for the inactivation of one allele of the putative chromosome 4 @entity5 suppressor gene by parental imprinting. Most @entity5 lost all chromosome 4 markers examined, suggesting nondisjunction events. In contrast, several C3AF1 and AC3F1 @entity5 appeared to have interstitial deletions that defined the smallest region of overlap as a 9-cM interval between @entity18400 and @entity18401 . The homologous region on @entity1 chromosome 9p21-22 is frequently lost in a variety of @entity5 including @entity2 . A candidate @entity5 suppressor gene, @entity18402 , is located in this region, which is homozygously deleted or mutated in cell lines derived from a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . Finally, an association between @entity11518 gene activation and @entity74 on chromosome 6 was observed for B6C3F1 @entity2 .

title: Allelotype analysis of XXXX @entity2 reveals frequent allelic losses on chromosome 4 and an association between @entity74 on chromosome 6 and @entity11518 activation.

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene chloride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'B6C3F1 tumors', 'tumors', 'malignant conversion']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['specific for lung carcinomas', 'lung cancers', 'lung carcinomas', 'lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalances']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Preferential loss of the maternal chromosome 4']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Mucociliary function was examined to investigate the association of @entity32 in the upper and lower airways in four groups of subjects. They were composed of: 1) non-inflammatory subjects (control group), 2) @entity1 with @entity102 (S group), 3) @entity1 with @entity3311 (B group), and 4) @entity1 with @entity102 and @entity3617 (SB group). Mucociliary clearance (MCC), ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in the nose and left main bronchus and dynamic viscoelasticity (DVE) of these airway fluids were examined. Significant prolongation of nasal MCC in the S and SB groups were observed compared with the control group. CBF in the nose of the S, B, and SB groups were not different from that of the control group. DVE of nasal mucus in the S, B, and SB groups were higher than that in the control group. Significantly diminished bronchial MCC in the B and SB groups were observed compared with the control group. CBF of the bronchus was within normal range in all examined subjects. DVE of tracheobronchial mucus in the S, B, and SB groups were higher than that in the control group. It was suggested that high viscoelasticity of the tracheobronchial mucus in @entity1 with @entity102 and of the nasal mucus in @entity1 with @entity3311 may be one of the causes of sinobronchitis.

title: Mucociliary function of XXXX in upper and lower airways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity3311 :: ('MESH:D029481', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinusitis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['chronic inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emerging data indicate that proinflammatory cytokines may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity438 . @entity1192 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in both @entity149 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether select polymorphisms in the @entity1192 , @entity1356 , and @entity1193 genes are associated with both susceptibility to and clinical characteristics of @entity510 due to @entity1756 . METHODS: Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the @entity1192 (-889), @entity1356 (-511), and @entity1193 (VNTR) genes were determined in 215 @entity1 and 155 healthy controls. @entity1 files were reviewed for the clinical characteristics at hospital admission and at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS: No association between @entity510 susceptibility and the examined cytokine gene polymorphisms was found. Haplotype analysis did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. However, @entity510 @entity1 carrying the T/T genotype of the @entity1356 gene showed a significant (P = .034) increase in the Hunt and Hess scores at hospital admission and a significant (P = .026) reduction in 6-month Glasgow Outcome Scale scores. The remaining polymorphisms showed no effect on the clinical features examined. CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that genetic variation in select polymorphisms of the IL-1 cluster genes is associated with aneurysmal @entity510 . However, the @entity1356 gene may modify disease severity and may be regarded as disease severity gene.

title: Interleukin-1 cluster gene polymorphisms and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid cerebral hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic central nervous system injuries']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sexuality and its manifestation constitute some of the most complex of @entity1 behaviour and its disorders are encountered in community. @entity250 is more prevalent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . While studies examining @entity250 among males and females in Ghana exist, there are no studies relating sexual problems in males and females as dyadic units. This study therefore investigated the prevalence and type of @entity250 among married couples. METHOD: The study @entity1 consisted of married couples between the ages of 19 and 66 living in the province of Kumasi, Ghana. Socio-demographic information and Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) questionnaires were administered to 200 couples who consented to take part in the study. All 28 questions of the GRISS are answered on a five-point (Likert type) scale from "always", through "usually', "sometimes", and "hardly ever", to "never". Responses are summed up to give a total raw score ranging from 28-140. The total score and subscale scores are transformed using a standard nine point scale, with high scores indicating greater problems. Scores of five or more are considered to indicate @entity168 . The study was conducted between July and September 2010. RESULTS: Out of a total of 200 married couples, 179 completed their questionnaires resulting in a response rate of 89.5%. The mean age of the participating couples as well as the mean duration of marriage was 34.8    8.6 years and 7.8    7.6 years respectively. The husbands (37.1    8.6) were significantly older (p < 0.0001) than their corresponding wives (32.5    7.9). After adjusting for age, 13-18 years of marriage life poses about 10 times significant risk of developing @entity168 compared to 1-6 years of married life among the wives (OR: 10.8; CI: 1.1 - 49.1; p = 0.04). The total scores (6.0) as well as the percentage above the cut-off (59.2) obtained by the husbands compared to the total score (6.2) and the percentage above cut-off (61.5) obtained by the wives, indicates the likely presence of @entity250 . The prevalence of @entity323 and @entity2754 were 60.9% and 65.4% respectively from this study and the prevalence of vaginismus and anorgasmia were 69.3% and 74.9% respectively. The highest prevalence of @entity168 subscales among the @entity1 was dissatisfaction with sexual act followed by infrequency, whereas the highest among the @entity1 was infrequency followed by anorgasmia. Dissatisfaction with sexual intercourse among @entity1 correlated positively with anorgasmia and wife's non-sensuality and infrequency of sex. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity250 in married couples is comparable to prevalence rates in the general male and female population and is further worsened by duration of marriage. This could impact significantly on a couple's self-esteem and overall quality of life.

title: XXXX among married couples living in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'human', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual disorders', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual dysfunction']


abstract: AIM: Primary angioplasty of the left main coronary is not a common procedure. We present 16 cases of angioplasty of left main coronary artery with drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation in the setting of @entity583 . METHOD: Between December 2003 and November 2005, sixteen @entity1 presented with @entity583 where the left main coronary artery was shown to be involved with or without the left anterior descending or left circumflex arteries. Primary angioplasties were performed on the unprotected left main coronary artery. Five @entity1 received direct stenting while the rest had pre-dilatation. Only one @entity1 received Taxus(R) while the rest received Cypher(R) stents. RESULTS: Of the sixteen @entity1 , eleven developed @entity1455 necessitating intra-venous inotropic and intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation support. Seven perished in hospital (46%); four within the first day while one had a complicated course and perished on the 42nd day of hospitalization. There was no difference in clinical history ( @entity101 , @entity6 , age, and previous coronary intervention) or hemodynamic features (presenting blood pressure, duration of @entity1188 , stent length, and maximum balloon size or pressure) between the two groups. However, the use of inotropes and intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation (100% vs. 44% p=0.034) was significantly more common in the group which perished. @entity1 with @entity1455 had increased mortality of 63%. Of the nine survivors, one required repeat intervention for subacute stent @entity715 at sixteenth day and one underwent coronary bypass surgery at three months. All remained well up to mean follow up of 420 days. CONCLUSION: Left main coronary artery @entity1188 especially in the setting of @entity1455 has a very high mortality rate. Percutaneous intervention can be performed on these @entity1 with minimal delay. In our series, we have shown that primary intervention of the unprotected left main coronary artery with a drug-eluting stent carries an acceptable level of major adverse coronary event. In those who survived the initial event, there is a low rate of mortality or morbidity.

title: Percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting of left main coronary artery with drug-eluting stent in the setting of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity14288 and @entity1254 are two adipocytokines with antidiabetic effects. Some studies reported that levels of @entity1254 and @entity14288 were correlated with decreased glomerular filtration rate ( @entity14289 ) and increased @entity633 . We therefore evaluated the @entity14288 and @entity1254 levels in @entity177 ( @entity177 ) @entity1 with or without T2DM. Serum @entity14288 , @entity1254 levels were measured in 416 subjects with or without T2DM. Analysis was made between groups divided by these subjects presence or absence of @entity177 . We found that serum @entity1254 level was significantly higher in nondiabetic @entity1 with @entity177 than in nondiabetic subjects without @entity177 ; however, there were no statistical differences between the @entity6 @entity1 with @entity177 and without @entity177 . In all the subjects, the serum @entity1254 level was also higher in 50 individuals with @entity177 than that in 366 subjects without @entity177 . The serum @entity14288 levels showed no significant differences between the @entity6 @entity1 or nondiabetics subjects with @entity177 and without @entity177 . Contrary to @entity1254 , the serum @entity14288 level was lower in 169 @entity1 with T2DM than in 247 individuals without T2DM. Our data suggested that both of T2DM and @entity177 were correlated with the serum level of @entity1254 . However, the serum @entity14288 levels showed no significant difference between the individuals with @entity177 and without @entity177 .

title: Association of serum @entity14288 and @entity1254 levels with renal function in XXXX with or without @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency', 'RI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Medical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in @entity8668 operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies ( @entity13969 ) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues. For seven years, the @entity13969 has studied legal issues in @entity8668 assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences. The @entity13969 has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the @entity13969 spearheaded the development of new international guidelines. The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.

title: Regulating the helping hand: improving legal preparedness for XXXX medicine.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['cross-border disaster']

answer: @entity8668 :: (MESH:D001882,Disease) :: ['cross-border disaster']


abstract: Clear cell @entity1358 (CCPRCC) is a newly described variant of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) which is composed mainly of cells with clear cytoplasm arranged in cystic and papillary patterns. We report the clinicopathologic features, prognosis and differential diagnosis of 6 Clear Cell @entity1358 . The clinical information and follow-up data were analyzed. The @entity1 were six males with median age of 52.5 years. Case 1 revealed dense @entity730 and ossification. Cases 2 and 3 contain a variably prominent smooth muscle stromal component. @entity2030 , @entity5822 , @entity15529 and @entity2277 were positive in all cases. @entity19409 and @entity6639 were not expressed in any @entity5 . @entity2282 was negative in 5 of 6 cases .The @entity1 were followed for 13~55 months with no local @entity5 recurrences and @entity5 metastasis. The CCPRCC was associated with a more favorable outcome. These were low-grade and @entity703 . No lymph node or distant metastasis of the six @entity5 .

title: Clear cell XXXX : a clinicopathologic analysis of 6 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell carcinoma', 'Papillary Renal Cell Carcinomas', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['low-stage renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['papillary renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: When @entity1 with @entity726 require @entity231 surgery, combined procedures offer important advantages over @entity231 surgery alone. Because @entity1138 has improved the success rate of a trabeculectomy in @entity1 at high risk for filtration failure, the authors investigated whether it also would increase the survival rate of functioning filters in combined procedures. METHODS: @entity1 with both @entity231 and @entity726 underwent combined @entity1138 trabeculectomy, extracapsular @entity231 extraction, and intraocular lens implantation. @entity1138 (0.5 mg/ml) was applied topically to the trabeculectomy site for 5 minutes before the @entity231 extraction. Intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity, and @entity940 were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. One-year results are available for 74 @entity1 . RESULTS: At 1 year, 54 (73%) of 74 @entity1 had IOPs of 15 mmHg or less without @entity726 medications. Visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 44 (60%) of 74 @entity1 . Ten (15%) @entity1 had a shift of more than 2 diopters of @entity940 against the rule compared with preoperative values. No notable corneal epithelial @entity137 was present. Postoperative symptomatic @entity8814 with the wound construction occurred in 3 (4%) of 74 @entity1 , with 1 @entity1 requiring surgical revision. Other potential complications of @entity1138 include endothelial @entity137 (1 @entity1 had @entity227 due to endothelial folds) and wound stability (1 @entity1 had wound @entity397 after direct ocular @entity130 ). CONCLUSION: The 1-year survival rate of a functioning trabeculectomy using @entity1138 in combined @entity726 and @entity231 surgery is encouraging. The longer-term benefits and possible adverse effects of @entity1138 in combined procedures are unknown and continue to be investigated.

title: One-year follow-up results of combined @entity1138 trabeculectomy and extracapsular XXXX extraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decreased vision']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C', 'Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) treated with Kasai portoenterostomy may later develop @entity255 ( @entity255 ) that is unresponsive to routine conservative treatment. It may cause @entity2835 and eventually @entity1578 with portal @entity101 . Control of @entity255 requires prolonged hospitalization for the administration of intravenous antibiotics. To reduce the hospitalization period, we designed a @entity8307 ( @entity8307 ) which can be administered after initial inpatient treatment. In this study, we reviewed the effects of this treatment. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 10 @entity1 treated with @entity8307 for @entity255 after successful Kasai portoenterostomies performed for @entity2876 between July 1997 and June 2009. RESULTS: The duration of @entity8307 ranged from 8 to 39 months (median, 13.5 months). The median length of hospital stay was 5.7 days per month for conventional treatments to manage @entity255 before @entity8307 and, 1.5 days per month (P = 0.012) after @entity8307 . The median amount of medical expenses per month was reduced by about one tenth with @entity8307 . One @entity1 underwent liver transplantation due to uncontrolled esophageal variceal @entity548 , but the other nine @entity1 had acceptable hepatic function with native livers. CONCLUSION: @entity8307 may be an effective primary treatment for @entity255 after Kasai portoenterostomies for @entity2876 , and reduce length of hospital stay and medical expense.

title: Home intravenous antibiotic treatment for XXXX in @entity1 with @entity2876 following Kasai portoenterostomies.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['HIVA', 'home intravenous antibiotic treatment']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['intractable cholangitis', 'IC']

answer: @entity255 :: (MESH:D002761,Disease) :: ['intractable cholangitis']


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of @entity101 as a risk factor for @entity548 in @entity1 compared to @entity1 . METHOD: Confirmed cases of @entity548 by Computed Tomography scan were included in this study. The @entity1 underwent detailed clinical examination based on preset questionnaire. Relevant laboratory investigations were done in this group. 100 consecutive cases were studied comparing the baseline characteristics with @entity3930 @entity1 admitted with @entity548 . OBSERVATIONS: Among all the risk factors studied @entity101 was the single most important risk factor causing @entity1779 . Forty seven point four percentage (47.4%) of females were @entity101 as against 61% in males. Blood pressure recording of females showed lower systolic and diastolic measurement compared to males and the difference was statistically significant with a p value of 0.000. Majority of the female @entity1 were overweight with a significant difference in body mass index compared to males. (p value 0.006). CONCLUSION: @entity101 is an important risk factor for @entity1779 . Females developed @entity1779 at a lower blood pressure measurement compared to males. Females require better control of @entity101 than males to prevent @entity1779 .

title: @entity101 as a Risk Factor for XXXX in Females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral bleed']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Haemorrhagic Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) has the second @entity5 mortality rate in Australia. The Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) aims to increase early detection of @entity14 by offering free Faecal Occult Blood Testing (FOBT), although uptake is low for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) groups. AIM OF PAPER: To present data on trust and mistrust in the NBCSP by population groups with low uptake and thus to highlight areas in need of policy change. METHODS: A qualitative study was undertaken in South Australia, involving interviews with 94 @entity1 from four CALD groups: Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian, and Indigenous @entity1 . RESULTS: Our study highlights the complexities of institutional trust, which involves considerations of trust at interpersonal, local and national levels. In addition, trust and mistrust was found in more abstract systems such as the medical knowledge of doctors to diagnose or treat @entity5 or the scientific procedures in laboratories to test the FOBTs. The object of institutional (mis)trust differed between cultural groups - Anglo-Australian and Iranian groups indicated a high level of trust in the government, whereas Indigenous @entity1 were much less trusting. CONCLUSION: The level and nature of trust in the screening process varied between the CALD groups. Addressing program misconceptions, clarifying the FOBT capabilities and involving medical services in collecting and transporting the samples may increase trust in the NBCSP. However, broader and more enduring mistrust in services and institutions may need to be dealt with in order to increase trust and participation.

title: Institutional (mis)trust in XXXX screening: a qualitative study with Greek, Iranian, Anglo-Australian and Indigenous groups.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['highest cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Observational study on a group of @entity1 with @entity11140 without @entity417 . The probable relationship of cause and effect between @entity1534 and @entity11140 . METHODS AND MATERIAL: An observational and cross-sectional study. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The measured variables were: personal data, medical and analytical history in relation to @entity11140 , @entity167 and smoking habits and drug use. This information was taken from the medical history of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity11140 without @entity417 was 7.12%. The main cause found was @entity1375 in 37/234 (15.8%) @entity1 , followed by @entity988 in 34/234 (14.5%) @entity1 . The most frequent association was @entity167 and @entity286 in 9/234 (3.8%) @entity1 . It was not possible to find a cause of the increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in 87/234 (37.18%) @entity1 . Out of 37 tests conducted for @entity1534 , 23 of them were positive. DISCUSSION: @entity11140 without @entity417 has a high prevalence. Finding the most frequent causes could help in the early diagnosis and treatment. @entity1534 currently appears to be associated to different digestive tract and non-digestive tract diseases.It could be a cause of increased MCV, but this study was unable demonstrate this.

title: [ @entity11140 without XXXX in an urban population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity11140 :: ('MESH:C564004', 'Disease') :: ['macrocytosis', 'Macrocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: @entity101 in childhood is no longer a rare condition mainly secondary to renal, or @entity455 , as a growing proportion of @entity1 are @entity28 and @entity101 , with the phenotype of @entity209 . Thus, we need to reconsider our practice in the examination of the @entity101 @entity1 and redefine the place of non-invasive methods for screening of @entity2792 , and specifically, to evaluate the value of @entity3371 -enhanced renal scintigraphy at the two ends of the palette: the @entity28 @entity1 with @entity101 and the severely @entity101 prepubertal @entity1 . @entity2791 in @entity1 is mainly due to @entity4267 and stenoses associated with syndromes involving single or multiple smaller branch vessels. This explains the low specificity and sensitivity of the color-Doppler ultrasound method and @entity3371 renal scintigraphy. Even the more sophisticated computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) angiographic techniques are, at present, not sensitive enough to exclude stenoses of the small branches definitely. Thus, @entity1 in whom there is a strong suggestion of @entity2792 should undergo angiography with a view to endovascular treatment, as non-invasive imaging has no significant benefit and might lead to a delay in treatment. In the cases when the probability of @entity455 is moderate a basic assessment of renal function and structure is sufficient. In the neonate, catheter-associated @entity1031 is among the most common causes @entity101 . It should be controlled medically until the @entity1 is old enough to undergo angiography and angioplasty successfully. Thus, in this age group, there is a place for functional imaging with renal sonography and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) renography to detect hemodynamically significant @entity455 , with the limitations mentioned above. However, the rapid technical evolution of non-invasive methods requires periodic re-consideration of the actual standpoints.

title: @entity3371 -enhanced renal scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease', 'renovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['Renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4267 :: ('MESH:D005352', 'Disease') :: ['fibromuscular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The first objective of the present investigation was to shed more light on corticofugal influences on the retina by providing an analysis of the type and proportion of @entity2479 cells that are affected by cooling the visual cortex in @entity35 . The second question was to determine if the pretectum participates in functional cortico-retinal relationships. In @entity4774 -anesthetized and paralyzed hooded @entity35 , axonal activity of @entity2479 cells was recorded with glass micropipettes at optic chiasm level. Units were classified as ON, OFF, suppressed-by-light and concentric. The visual cortex was inactivated by cooling its surface with a 4 mm2 steel probe using the Peltier effect. The pretectum was blocked with microinjections of 50 to 100 nanoliters of @entity1953 ions, @entity3303 or @entity4338 . The inactivations and recoveries at both sites were monitored by simultaneously recording evoked field potentials. Interrupting corticofugal impulses caused modifications of the evoked discharge pattern in all types of cells. The concentric type was the group least affected by cortical cooling. A common trend emerged suggesting that cooling of the visual cortex led to an enhancement of the initial evoked excitation. This was often followed by an enhanced post-excitatory inhibition. The Pearson coefficient allowed us to measure the degree of similarity between two histograms. When all data were pooled, a weak correlation between control and test histograms (r = 0.29, N = 56) was found, while the control and recovery patterns averaged a correlation of more than twice that size (r = 0.68). In a second series of experiments, the pretectum and visual cortex (VC) were simultaneously inactivated. It is shown that both sites summed their influence and acted synergistically upon the pattern of ganglion cell responses. The results strongly suggest that the visual cortex exerts a major control over the response pattern of thirty percent of @entity2479 cells, and that the pretectum participates in the functional relationships between visual cortex and retina in @entity35 .

title: Visual cortex controls retinal output in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal ganglion']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The role of @entity2871 receptor alpha ( @entity3479 ) in @entity5 growth and @entity7499 was investigated in a @entity19 model and in cell culture. Stable @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells over-expressing @entity3479 (A549- @entity3479 ) was generated and used to inoculate athymic @entity19 . A549- @entity3479 cells induced greater @entity5 growth and increased vascularization in @entity5 than in the control A549 cells. Increased @entity7499 was further verified by studying the induction of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in A549- @entity3479 cells. I-BOP, an agonist of TP, stimulated the expression of @entity7 in this cell line as well as in another @entity1 @entity2 H157 cells in a time and dose dependent manner. The expression of @entity7 was determined at both the mRNA and protein levels. The signaling pathways that are involved in I-BOP-induced @entity7 expression were further examined by the use of inhibitors. Inhibition of the @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) activation blocked the induction almost completely indicating that @entity3963 activation was an essential step in the induction. Each of the three upstream kinases, protein kinase A, @entity470 kinase and Src kinase, contributed partially to the overall induction. However, PI 3-kinase and protein kinase C had minimal contribution. These results indicate that activation of the @entity3479 induces the expression of @entity7 through multiple signaling pathways.

title: @entity2871 receptor alpha mediates @entity5 growth and @entity7499 via induction of @entity7 expression in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five to 10% of heart-transplant recipients develop @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Little is known about the outcome of these @entity1 under renal replacement therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study in 16 @entity1 (mean age 52.8+/-7.4 years at heart transplantation) who developed @entity454 5.3+/-2.1 years later. Results. Haemodialysis (HD) was the first-line treatment (mean Kt/V 1.35+/-0.4). Vascular access was unsuccessful in six @entity1 (37.5%) due to peripheral @entity4065 and they were treated with tunnelled catheters for an average 15 months without @entity2348 . Mean weight was 68.4+/-10 kg at onset of HD and 61.7+/-9 kg one month later. Despite this reduction in extracellular overload, one antihypertensive drug was required in 75% of @entity1 and two drugs in 12.5%. One @entity1 tolerated automated @entity298 ( @entity298 ) for 16 months (weekly Kt/V 2.1) despite persistent @entity1696 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was contraindicated in eight @entity1 because of @entity4065 (n=5), poor general status (n=2), or @entity299 (n=1). @entity8 was performed in eight @entity1 with no acute episode of heart or renal graft rejection. There were no serious infectious complications. Three months after @entity8 , mean serum @entity1011 was 115 micromol/l. One @entity1 developed @entity1071 3.5 months after @entity8 and was successfully treated with transplant nephrectomy. @entity944 occurred in two @entity1 18 and 33 months after @entity8 . Overall @entity1 survival was 100, 78, and 59%, 1, 2 and 3 years after HD onset respectively. Using a time-dependent variable, the Cox model analysis demonstrated that heart-transplant recipients with @entity454 have a relative risk of death 3.2 times higher than those without @entity454 (95% CI = 1.3-7.8). CONCLUSIONS: HD, @entity298 , and @entity8 can be useful for the treatment of @entity454 after heart transplantation. After initiating HD, @entity1 survival is nearly the same as that reported in @entity1 in Europe undergoing HD for other causes. But @entity454 seems to reduce life expectancy in heart-transplant recipients.

title: Treatment of XXXX after heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal transplantation', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity4065 :: ('MESH:C537440', 'Disease') :: ['aortoiliac arteriopathy', 'arteriopathy']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['ESRF', 'end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Efficacy of radiotherapy for @entity1489 was evaluated and treatment outcomes of two electron beam fractionation schedules were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Outcome data of 434 @entity1489 in 333 @entity1 were analysed; 332 were @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and 102 @entity957 ( @entity957 ). @entity1 were treated with electron beam, and received either 54 Gy in 18 fractions (n = 159) or 44 Gy in 10 fractions (n = 275). Local recurrence free (LRF) rates were analysed as well as metastases free rates, @entity5 specific survival (CSS) and cosmetic result. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 42.8 months. For BCC, actuarial 3-year LRF rates were 97.6% for @entity5 treated with 54 Gy and 96.9% for 44 Gy. In SCC 3-year LRF rates were 97.0% for 54 Gy and 93.6% for 44 Gy (n.s.). T stage was found to be the only significant factor for recurrence (p = 0.036). Three-year CSS was 98% for SCC and 100% for BCC. CONCLUSIONS: Electron beam irradiation is a safe and effective treatment modality for @entity1489 . In view of a similar efficacy and @entity1 convenience of the hypofractionated schedule, 44 Gy in 10 fractions can be regarded the radiation schedule of choice.

title: Efficacy of a hypofractionated schedule in electron beam radiotherapy for XXXX : Analysis of 434 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial skin cancer', 'epithelial skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas', 'BCCs']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['epithelial skin cancer']


abstract: We mimicked essential elements of the cortical-contraction model of cell locomotion by exposing @entity6962 cells to passive deformation and to hydrostatic pressure changes within micropipettes followed by shape recovery after release. Protrusion, contraction and segregation of cell surface membrane components were observed. Regardless of the initial shape (spherical, polarized with lamellipodia or @entity4530 ) cells tended to produce @entity4530 during uptake into the pipette and during and after release from the pipette, but usually not during the short time they were held within the pipette. @entity4530 formation depended on the deformation stress, extracellular hydrostatic pressure and cell structure (initial shape). In polarized cells, @entity4530 were much more readily induced at the front as compared to the tail. Cells undergoing large deformations formed constriction rings and large hyaline caps. Deformation resulted in segregation of membrane components. Equatorial constriction rings divided the cell into two parts which differed with respect to Con A binding and their role in shape recovery. Spherical and polarized cells usually recover the respective initial shape. Polarized cells reacquired the same type of protrusions ( @entity4530 or lamellipodia) which they exhibited before deformation. Shape recovery of spherical cells was characterized by a rapid recoil by about 20% followed by a slow asymptotic recovery.

title: Protrusion, contraction and segregation of membrane components associated with passive deformation and shape recovery of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity6962 :: ('MESH:D002296', 'Disease') :: ['Walker carcinosarcoma']

answer: @entity6962 :: (MESH:D002296,Disease) :: ['Walker carcinosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that @entity4447 ( @entity4448 ) exhibits its anti- @entity5 activities in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 . Recent studies have revealed that @entity4448 regulated multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) in @entity1 @entity5 . However, the exact mechanism of @entity4448 -mediated @entity5 suppressive function has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we explore whether @entity4448 governed oncogenic @entity4449 in @entity0 cells by multiple methods such as @entity98 assay, RT-PCR, Wound healing assay, Western blotting analysis, migration, Transwell invasion assay, and transfection. Our results showed that @entity4448 inhibited cell growth, migration, invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in @entity0 cells. Further molecular analysis dissected that @entity4448 inhibited @entity4449 expression in @entity0 cells. Moreover, inhibition of @entity4449 suppressed cell growth, migration, invasion, and trigged cell apoptosis, whereas overexpression of @entity4449 enhanced cell growth, motility, and inhibited apoptosis in @entity0 cells. Notably, we found that @entity4449 inhibitor treatment potentiates @entity4448 -induced @entity0 cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and motility inhibition. However, overexpression of @entity4449 partly abrogated @entity4448 -mediated anti- @entity5 activity. Our findings provide a novel anti- @entity5 mechanism of @entity4448 involved in @entity4449 for the treatment of @entity0 .

title: @entity4447 suppresses cell growth and migration via inhibition of XXXX in @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

answer: @entity4449 :: (407018,Gene) :: ['miR-27a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate prediction of outcome in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) remains challenging. Even within the same stage and treatment group, survival and response to treatment vary. We set out to determine the predictive value of inflammatory markers @entity1851 (CRP) and white blood cells (WBCS) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were assigned a prognostic index (PI): 0 for crp 10 mg/L or less and WBCS 11x10   /L or less, 1 if one of the two markers was elevated, and 2 if both markers were elevated. We then used chest computed tomography (CT) imaging to evaluate response after 2 cycles of chemotherapy treatment. RESULTS: Of 134 @entity1 , 46 had a PI of 0; 60, a PI of 1; and 28, a PI of 2. Disease progressed in 41 @entity1 . Progression was significantly more frequent among @entity1 with a PI of 2 (p = 0.008). Median survival was 20.0 months for the PI 0 group, 10.4 months for the @entity6417 group, and 7.9 months for the @entity21912 group (p < 0.001). The PI was the only significant prognostic factor for survival even after adjustment for performance status, smoking, and @entity353 (hazard ratio: 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 2.14; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory state correlates significantly with both chemotherapy response and survival in stage IV @entity1149 . The PI may provide additional guidance for therapeutic decision-making.

title: The predictive value of pre-treatment inflammatory markers in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: DESIGN: The dysregulation of homeostasis of blood-T lymphocyte subpopulations was studied in 21 cases of chronic, @entity1907 refractory to treatment. The clinico-bacteriological and immunological parameters studied in these cases (Gr A) were compared with those of a group of 10 newly-diagnosed drug sensitive cases of @entity1907 (Gr B) at the beginning of the study and after 3 months of chemotherapy for @entity378 . The chronic cases were treated with drugs selected from a reserve line. 10 normal healthy individuals were included in this study as a control group. RESULTS: At the beginning of the study the mean @entity404 / @entity405 lymphocyte ratios in the refractory cases (0.69) and the newly diagnosed cases (0.81) were significantly lower than those of the normal control subjects (1.84). After 3 months of chemotherapy all but 3 of the newly-diagnosed cases showed clinical improvement, and all became sputum-negative. Their @entity404 / @entity405 ratio recorded a rise to near normal (1.54). On the contrary, following 3 months of reserve-line regimen, only 7 of the 21 group A cases showed sputum conversion. In all of the refractory cases, irrespective of sputum conversion, the @entity404 / @entity405 ratio remained low (1.05). CONCLUSION: This probably indicates that due to a long-standing bacillary load in drug resistant @entity1907 @entity1 the dysregulation of homeostasis of blood-T lymphocytes becomes persistent. This in turn delays their clinical and immunological recovery, even when therapy is adequate.

title: Dysregulation of homeostasis of blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations persists in chronic XXXX @entity1 refractory to treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'multibacillary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['multibacillary pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) progression is clinically monitored by a series of full spinal X-rays. To decrease radiation exposure, an @entity16406 ( @entity16406 ) is proposed to predict progression. Fifty-six acquisitions (posteroanterior radiographs, 0   and 20  ) were obtained from 11 @entity1615 @entity1 (29.8    9.6   Cobb angle). Three-dimensional curves were constructed through vertebral pedicle centers. Three previous serial spinal curves (6-month intervals) were used to construct an @entity16406 with a Non-uniform Rational B-Spline surfacing technique. Future progression was achieved by aligning the curves on the @entity16406 using the generalized cross-validation extrapolation technique. With three and four previous serial spinal curves, the prediction accuracies of future progression at the next 6-month interval were 4.1    3.3   for Cobb angles and 3.6    3.5 mm for apex lateral deviations. Apex locations and Cobb regions varied within one vertebral level. The proposed technique shows potential as an accurate three-dimensional prediction method for @entity1615 progression and could help pediatricians make decisions about treatment. However, it could only be applied once before more radiographic data would be needed.

title: Prediction of scoliosis progression with serial three-dimensional spinal curves and the XXXX technique.

entities_list: @entity16406 :: ('MESH:D060437', 'Disease') :: ['artificial progression surface', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity16406 :: (MESH:D060437,Disease) :: ['artificial progression surface']


abstract: PURPOSE: Individual psychological factors such as mental conditions and self-esteem and family relational factors are thought to be predisposing factors in the development of @entity1277 . In this study, we conducted a survey of 12-15 year-old public junior high school students to extract factors related to abnormal eating behavior and determine what information could be used by schools to prevent @entity1277 . METHOD: Self-descriptive surveys were distributed and collected during homeroom time at school. The survey consisted of the 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) to measure the degree of abnormal eating behavior, Stunkard, Sorensen and Schlusinger's Body Image Scale to determine predisposing factors, the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale III (FACES III), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. 483 students (263 @entity1 and 220 @entity1 ) participated in the survey. School-year height and weight data was used to calculate BMI. RESULTS: Approximately 7% of @entity1 and 3% of @entity1 showed clear indications of abnormal eating behavior. We found no direct relationship between abnormal eating behavior and family factors in this study, but an indirect relationship was suggested through other factors such as @entity458 and self-esteem. There were relationships between abnormal eating behavior and the individual factors of @entity458 , current and ideal body image, and low self-esteem. Furthermore, cluster analysis showed that there were students with high BMI who thought of themselves as fat, as well as students who perceived themselves as fat despite having average BMI. These students had a high frequency of abnormal eating behaviors, a great deal of @entity458 , and low self-esteem. DISCUSSION: An understanding of BMI, along with body image, is essential for students who feel that they are overweight. Schools can practice preventative education by teaching these students about healthy body weight and by screening for the @entity1277 that have become so rampant in our thin-worshiping culture.

title: The usefulness of body image tests in the prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological complaints']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']