abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study looks at the importance of large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) excision margins and residual @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) in @entity1 undertaking high-risk @entity1082 (hrHPV) @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with interval analysis performed June 2007 and June 2012 on all @entity1 undertaking treatment for @entity3146 and subsequent hrHPV @entity1062 6 months post LLETZ. RESULTS: Final analysis group comprised 2093 @entity1 treated by LLETZ (1396 completely excised; 697 incompletely excised). 298 out of 1794 @entity1 (13%) were hrHPV positive at @entity1062 . Thirty-six @entity1 who failed @entity1062 and attended colposcopy had residual @entity3146 . No statistically significant difference existed between the completely and incompletely excised groups with regards to the detection of residual @entity3146 at 6 months post-treatment. There was no correlation of margins of excision with hrHPV status at @entity1062 . The overall cure rate at @entity1062 was 98%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1062 pathways recommend subsequent follow-up in primary care. This study identified no safety issues with @entity1062 pathways. We can no longer assess histological failure rates at 12 months; we, therefore, recommend that this measure of treatment failure be redefined for post @entity1062 @entity1 . It seems time to question the benefits of routine excision margins reporting, in the absence of invasion, for treated @entity3146 . Future reporting needs to be reconsidered by the Royal College of Pathologists.

title: Does LLETZ excision margin status predict residual disease in @entity1 who have undergone post-treatment cervical cytology and high-risk XXXX testing?

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TOC', 'test of cure']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT), locally applied to solid C6 @entity35 @entity5 in the foot of @entity11337 @entity19 , eradicated the @entity5 and also decreased the rate of groin and lung @entity3 . @entity11338 ( @entity11338 ), a novel photosensitizer synthesized in our laboratory, was used in our study. The @entity75 in the hind leg was treated by an i.v. injection of 5 mg/kg of @entity11338 and immediate illumination (650-800 nm, 360 J/cm(2)). This protocol and the surgical amputation of the leg were compared for local and @entity3 responses. Following PDT, @entity548 , @entity32 with @entity5 @entity39 and flattening were observed and histologically verified in the photodynamically treated @entity5 . Whereas @entity5 control rates were up to 64% following PDT, in surgically treated animals, @entity5 control was absolute. The rates of @entity3 in the groin and the lungs were at least 12-fold lower in the photodynamically treated animals compared with untreated or surgery-treated groups. The overall cure rates after PDT or surgery were 36% and 6%, respectively, at 8 weeks. These findings suggest that local PDT with @entity11338 , which acts primarily on the @entity5 vasculature, efficiently eradicates the solid C6 @entity5 . In addition, the local PDT of the @entity75 has beneficial therapeutic effects on remote C6 @entity3 , which is not obtained with surgery. It is therefore suggested, that although surgery is highly efficient for the immediate removal of the @entity5 , it lacks such systemic, therapeutic effects on distant @entity3 . @entity11338 -PDT may thus offer a potentially superior curative therapy for C6 @entity5 in the limb by eradicating the @entity5 and by reducing the rate of @entity3 in the groin and lung, possibly due to innate immunity.

title: Local photodynamic therapy (PDT) of @entity35 C6 glioma xenografts with @entity11338 leads to decreased XXXX and increase of animal cure compared with surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'target tumor', 'primary tumor', 'local tumor', 'glioma tumors']

entities_list: @entity11338 :: ('MESH:C456120', 'Chemical') :: ['Pd-Bacteriopheophorbide', 'Pd-Bpheid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of @entity23122 on cardiovascular biomarkers in @entity1187 @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Secretory phospholipase A(2) ( @entity7098 ) represents a family of proatherogenic enzymes that hydrolyze lipoprotein phospholipids, increasing their affinity for intimal proteoglycans; contribute to @entity165 loading of macrophages by nonscavenger receptor mediated pathways; and activate inflammatory pathways. In prospective studies, high @entity7098 -IIA levels predicted major adverse cardiovascular events in @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and stable @entity301 @entity1 . METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, prospective controlled clinical trial (phase 2B) was designed to investigate the effects of @entity7098 ) inhibition with @entity23122 500 mg daily versus placebo as adjunctive therapy to @entity2993 80 mg daily on biomarkers (low-density lipoprotein @entity165 [LDL-C], high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP], and @entity7098 -IIA levels), major adverse cardiovascular events ( @entity1459 , @entity583 , @entity204 ), and safety. In all, 625 @entity1187 subjects were randomized within 96 h of the index event and treated for a minimum of 6 months. RESULTS: After 8 weeks (primary efficacy end point), @entity23122 / @entity2993 reduced mean LDL-C levels from baseline by 49.6% compared with 43.4% with placebo/ @entity2993 (p = 0.002). Respective 8-week median reductions in @entity7098 -IIA levels were 82.4% and 15.6% (p < 0.0001), and hsCRP levels were lowered by 75.0% and 71.0% (p = 0.097). At 24 weeks, respective reductions with @entity23122 and placebo were as follows: LDL-C 43.5% versus 37.6% (p < 0.05), hsCRP 79.8% versus 77.0% (p = 0.02), and @entity7098 -IIA 78.5% versus 6.4% (p < 0.0001). Major adverse cardiovascular events were not different from placebo 6 months post-randomization (7.3% @entity23122 vs. 7.7% placebo). No treatment differences in elevated liver function studies on >1 occasion were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23122 therapy effectively reduced LDL-C and inflammatory biomarkers in @entity1187 @entity1 treated with conventional therapy including @entity2993 80 mg daily. There were no treatment differences in clinical cardiovascular events. (FRANCIS [Fewer Recurrent Acute Coronary Events With Near-Term Cardiovascular Inflammation Suppression]- @entity1187 Trial: A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of A 002 in Subjects With Acute Coronary Syndromes; NCT00743925).

title: Effects of varespladib methyl on biomarkers and major cardiovascular events in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity23122 :: ('MESH:C117948', 'Chemical') :: ['Varespladib', 'varespladib']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: Several studies have shown that the @entity5 endothelial cells are different from the normal tissue endothelial cells. These @entity5 endothelial cells may contribute to @entity5 neovasculogenesis. This study was purposed to analyze the biologic features and determine the expression level of @entity5439 and @entity1864 fusion gene in circulating endothelial cells (CEC) isolated from peripheral blood of @entity1860 @entity1 , as well as to investigate the role of CEC in disease progression. Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation; CEC were sorted by @entity10929 and harvested in the endothelial growth medium. The morphologic features of CEC were observed by microscopy, the cell growth rate was calculated by cell counting, and the cells were identified by immunofluorescence staining for the expression of @entity2279 , @entity2280 , @entity2881 and @entity5439 . The expression of @entity1864 fusion gene was examined by FISH in 12 @entity1860 @entity1 . The results indicated that the isolated CEC displayed the typical cobble-stone morphology. These cells could be identified by the positive immunofluorescence staining for @entity2279 , @entity2280 and @entity2881 , and showed more increased proliferative potential as compared to that of healthy donors. It was found that the positive rate of @entity5439 was 31.29% in @entity1860 @entity1 , which was significantly different from that of healthy donors (P < 0.05). In 12 @entity1860 @entity1 , CEC carried the same chromosome aberration as the @entity1778 cells (10.77%). Higher expression level of @entity5439 and @entity1864 fusion gene positively correlated with @entity74 . It is concluded that the CEC may participate in invasion and angiogenesis in @entity1 with @entity1860 and possibly correlate to the spreading and progression of the disease.

title: [Expression of @entity1864 fusion gene in circulating endothelial cells from chronic myelogenous leukemia XXXX and its clinical significance].

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progression of disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1229 -based anticoagulant therapy is associated with large variability in dose response. Genetic variability in the @entity5058 and @entity5060 genes is associated with increased @entity1229 sensitivity. In addition, rare coding region mutations in @entity5058 have been associated with resistance to @entity1229 . @entity5058 and @entity5060 variability associated with altered @entity1229 response is less well characterized in African and mixed-raced populations such as Brazilians. To determine genetic variability associated with altered @entity1229 response among Brazilian @entity1 , sixty-two adult @entity1 with extreme resistance or sensitivity to @entity1229 were genotyped for variants in @entity5060 and @entity5058 . Of the 51 @entity1 on low doses of @entity1229 , the @entity5058 @entity24745 polymorphism associated with @entity1229 sensitivity was present in 48 (94.1%), including 97% of Caucasians, 82% of African-descent @entity1 , and all 7 (100%) @entity1 of Indian descent. Additionally, 52.9% of @entity1229 sensitive @entity1 had at least one @entity5060 *2 or @entity5060 *3 decreased metabolism allele, 63.6% of Caucasians and 54% of African-descent @entity1 . Of the 11 @entity1 on high doses of @entity1229 , sequencing of @entity5058 revealed a nonsynonymous @entity14691 mutation in two @entity1229 resistant @entity1 , both of African-descent. Brazilian @entity1 requiring low doses of @entity1229 have a high frequency of @entity5058 and @entity5060 variants associated with @entity1229 sensitivity. The presence of the rare @entity5058 @entity14691 in two @entity1229 high dose outlier @entity1 implies that this variant may be more frequent among African Brazilians and has implications for future @entity1229 studies in other populations of African descent.

title: XXXX @entity14691 mutation in African Brazilian @entity1 resistant to oral anticoagulant therapy.

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V66M']

answer: @entity5058 :: (79001,Gene) :: ['VKORC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Similar to the reappreciation of high tibial osteotomy (HTO), supracondylar distal femur @entity3192 (SCO) for lateral compartment @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the knee has gained renewed interest as new knowledge has become available on the influence of malalignment on the development, progression and symptoms of @entity571 . Furthermore, the less than optimal results of total knee replacement (TKR) in younger @entity1 have also led to renewed interest in joint-preserving treatment options. PURPOSE: Varus SCO has not had the same success or widespread use as valgus HTO. The goal in SCO is similar to HTO, to shift the load from the diseased to the healthy ompartment, in order to reduce @entity158 , improve function and delay placement of a TKR. @entity571 however occurs much less frequently than varus @entity571 and varus SCO is considered a technically more demanding procedure. In the past the surgical techniques for SCO were mainly dependent on difficult-to-use implants making the procedure more complex. Complication rates related to the failure of fixation up to 16 % have been reported. DISUSSION: The new biplane osteotomy technique fixated with a locking compression plate is very stable; bone healing potential is optimal using this technique and takes 6-8 weeks. Full weight bearing before full bone healing is possible without loss of correction. CONCLUSION: In this article @entity1 selection, planning, surgical techniques, stability of fixation and bone healing for SCO are discussed. In the past the surgical techniques for SCO were mainly dependent on difficult to use implants making the procedure more complex. Complication rates related to the failure of fixation of up to 16 % have been reported.

title: [Supracondylar femur osteotomies around the knee : XXXX selection, planning, operative techniques, stability of fixation, and bone healing.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Valgus OA', 'osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity3192 :: ('MESH:D060905', 'Disease') :: ['varus osteotomy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current low (stress) dose corticosteroid regimens may have therapeutic advantage in severe @entity295 and @entity326 despite conflicting results from two landmark @entity23 ( @entity23 ). We systematically reviewed the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in severe @entity295 and @entity326 . METHODS: RCTs were identified (1950-September 2008) by multiple data-base electronic search (MEDLINE via OVID, OVID PreMedline, OVID Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Health Technology Assessment Database and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) and hand search of references, reviews and scientific society proceedings. Three investigators independently assessed trial inclusion and data extraction into standardised forms; differences resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Corticosteroid efficacy, compared with control, for hospital-mortality, proportion of @entity1 experiencing @entity281 was assessed using Bayesian random-effects models; expressed as odds ratio (OR, (95% credible-interval)). Bayesian outcome probabilities were calculated as the probability (P) that OR >= 1. Fourteen RCTs were identified. High-dose (>1000 mg @entity701 (equivalent) per day) corticosteroid trials were associated with a null (n = 5; OR 0.91(0.31-1.25)) or higher (n = 4, OR 1.46(0.73-2.16), outlier excluded) mortality probability (P = 42.0% and 89.3%, respectively). Low-dose trials (<1000 mg @entity701 per day) were associated with a lower (n = 9, OR 0.80(0.40-1.39); n = 8 OR 0.71(0.37-1.10), outlier excluded) mortality probability (20.4% and 5.8%, respectively). OR for shock-resolution was increased in the low dose trials (n = 7; OR 1.20(1.07-4.55); P = 98.2%). @entity1 responsiveness to corticotrophin stimulation was non-determinant. A high probability of risk-related treatment efficacy (decrease in log-odds mortality with increased control arm risk) was identified by metaregression in the low dose trials (n = 9, slope coefficient -0.49(-1.14, 0.27); P = 92.2%). Odds of complications were not increased with @entity288 . CONCLUSIONS: Although a null effect for mortality treatment efficacy of low dose corticosteroid therapy in severe @entity295 and @entity326 was not excluded, there remained a high probability of treatment efficacy, more so with outlier exclusion. Similarly, although a null effect was not excluded, advantageous effects of low dose @entity230 had a high probability of dependence upon @entity1 underlying risk. Low dose @entity134 efficacy was not demonstrated in corticotrophin non-responders. Further large-scale trials appear mandated.

title: Updating the evidence for the role of @entity288 in severe @entity295 and XXXX : a Bayesian meta-analytic perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['RCT', 'randomised controlled trials']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shock-resolution, and infective and non-infective complications']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Hanwoo (Also known as Korean native @entity291 ; @entity291 coreanae) have been used for transportation and farming for a long time in South Korea. It has been about 30 yrs since Hanwoo improvement began in earnest as beef @entity291 for meat yield. The purpose of this study was to determine the trend of improvement as well as to estimate genetic parameters of the traits being used for seedstock selection based on the data collected from the past. Hanwoo proven bulls in South Korea are currently selected through performance and progeny tests. National Hanwoo genetic evaluations are implemented with yearling weight (YW), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BF) and @entity5846 ( @entity5846 ). Yearling weights and @entity5846 are used for selecting young bulls, and EMA, BF, and @entity5846 are used for selecting proven bulls. One individual per testing room was used for performance tests, and five individuals per room for progeny tests. Individuals tested were not allowed to graze pasture, but there was enough space for them to move around in the testing room. Feeds including roughages and minerals were fed ad libitum, and concentrates were provided at the rate of about 1.8% of individual weight. Overall means of the traits were 352.8  38.56 kg, 335.09  44.61 kg, 77.85  8.838 cm(2), 8.6  3.7 mm and 3.293  1.648 for YW, CW, EMA, BF and @entity5846 . Heritabilities estimated in this study were 0.30, 0.30, 0.42, 0.50 and 0.63 in YW, CW, EMA, BF and @entity5846 , respectively, which are similar to results from previous research. Yearling weight was 315.54 kg in 1998, and had increased to 355.06 kg in 2011, resulting in about 40 kg of improvement over 13 yrs. YW and CW have improved remarkably over the past 15 yrs. Breeding values between 1996 and 2000 decreased or did not change much, but have moved in a desirable direction since 2001. These improvements correspond with the substantial increase in use of animal models since the late 1990s in Korea. Hanwoo testing programs have practically contributed to the improvement in aspects of quality and quantity. In sum, the current selection system is good enough to accommodate circumstances where fewer sires are used on many more @entity291 . Although progeny tests take longer and cost more, they seem to be appropriate under the circumstances of the domestic market with its higher requirement for better meat quality. Consequently, accumulative data collection, genetic evaluation model development, revision of selection indices, as well as cooperation among farms, associations, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, universities, research institutes, and government agencies must be applied to the Hanwoo selection program. All these efforts will assist the domestic market to secure a competitive position against imported beef under Free Trade Agreement trade system and will provide farmers with higher profits as well as the public with a higher quality of beef.

title: National genetic evaluation (system) of hanwoo (korean native XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cows', 'Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity5846 :: ('MESH:C536058', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'marbling score']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: Two mutants of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) gamma subunit (PDE gamma) from @entity291 retinal rods were synthesized by sequential transcription and translation in vitro. PDE gamma mutants @entity20060 and @entity20061 exhibited inhibitory properties similar to those of the wild-type PDE gamma (wtPDE gamma). At the same time, affinity to the rod outer segment (ROS) membranes is lower for @entity20060 and higher for @entity20061 in comparison with wtPDE gamma. The transducin alpha subunit (in a complex with the @entity3007 non-hydrolyzable analogue, @entity3007 gamma S) activates the trypsin-treated PDE (tPDE) inhibited by wtPDE gamma weaker than tPDE inhibited by @entity20060 and stronger than tPDE inhibited by @entity20061 . To explain the properties of these and earlier studied PDE gamma mutants, a new hypothesis on the mechanisms of inhibition of the PDE catalytic subunit dimer (PDE alpha beta) by PDE gamma and mechanism of the PDE holoenzyme (PDE alpha beta gamma 2) activation by the transducin alpha subunit in a complex with @entity3007 (T alpha. @entity3007 ) is proposed: 1) two sites on PDE alpha beta for the PDE gamma binding (A- and the B-site) are different in structure. Sites on PDE gamma interacting with A- and the B-sites on PDE alpha beta are also different in structure. The site on PDE gamma interacting with the B-site partially overlaps with the T alpha. @entity3007 binding site; 2) PDE gamma bound to the B-site provides the main contribution to inhibition of the enzyme catalytic activity; 3) T alpha. @entity3007 first interacts with the PDE gamma bound to the A-site in the PDE holoenzyme and removes this PDE gamma in a PDE gamma.(T alpha. @entity3007 ) complex. This results in a slight increase of the catalytic activity of the PDE alpha beta gamma complex remaining bound to the ROS membranes; 4) after removal of PDE gamma from the A-site, another T alpha. @entity3007 molecule is enabled to interact with both PDE alpha beta and PDE gamma bound to the B-site on PDE alpha beta. This interaction results in the formation of a ROS membrane-bound fully catalytically active triple complex PDE alpha beta.PDE gamma.(T alpha. @entity3007 ).

title: [Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of inhibitory gamma-subunits of cGMP phosphodiesterase from XXXX outer rod segments. A new hypothesis on mechanisms for inhibiting catalytic subunits by gamma-subunits and activation of a holoenzyme by transducin].

entities_list: @entity20060 :: ('p|SUB|R|24|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R24E']

entities_list: @entity20061 :: ('p|SUB|H|79|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H79L']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if @entity2492 is associated with improved responsiveness or regional cerebral perfusion in @entity1 with persistent vegetative states. METHODS: Following ethics approval, @entity1 with persistent vegetative state were enrolled in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. @entity1 underwent 2 treatments of 4 days, separated by 10 days. Each @entity1 received either a daily dose of @entity2492 or placebo with a dosage of 0.14-0.2 mg/kg. Responsiveness and regional cerebral perfusion were the outcomes of interest. These were assessed using the Rancho levels of cognitive functioning scale, the @entity772 /near- @entity772 scale and F (18)-FDG positron emission tomography. These were conducted at baseline and after completion of the treatments. RESULTS: 3 @entity1 were enrolled. The Rancho assessment scales showed no change with treatment. The @entity772 /near- @entity772 scale showed a tendency to increase with @entity2492 , suggesting reduced responsiveness - when compared to baseline or placebo. The positron emission tomography scans showed no significant changes between treatments. CONCLUSION: @entity2492 was associated with a tendency towards reduced responsiveness in @entity1 with persistent vegetative states. There were no objective changes on positron emission tomography suggestive of an associated increase in cerebral blood flow with @entity2492 . It would appear that @entity2492 does not offer a beneficial effect in this setting.

title: XXXX for persistent vegetative state--a placebo-controlled trial in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2492 :: ('MESH:C049109', 'Chemical') :: ['zolpidem', 'Zolpidem']

answer: @entity2492 :: (MESH:C049109,Chemical) :: ['Zolpidem']


abstract: Conventional myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimens often cause severe regimen-related @entity137 (RRT). Furthermore, many @entity1 suffer from poor quality of life in accordance with the increase in long-term survivors. We therefore devised a reduced- @entity137 myeloablative conditioning (RTMAC) regimen consisting of 8-Gy @entity348 ( @entity348 ), @entity3118 (FLU) and @entity786 (CY) for pediatric @entity1583 . A retrospective single-center analysis was performed on @entity1 with @entity1778 or @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), aged  <=20 years, who had received an 8-Gy @entity348 /FLU/CY RTMAC regimen followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Thirty-one @entity1 underwent first allo-HSCT after an RTMAC regimen. The diagnoses were @entity981 (n = 11), @entity3052 (n = 13), @entity2590 (n = 4), @entity12188 (n = 1) and @entity3052 of ambiguous lineage (n = 2). While 3 @entity1 showed early hematological relapse, the remaining 28 @entity1 achieved engraftments. None of the @entity1 developed grade 4 or 5 @entity137 during the study period. The 5-year overall survival and relapse-free survival were 80% [95% confidence interval: CI, 61-91%] and 71% [95% CI, 52-84%], respectively. Our RTMAC regimen would be less toxic and offers a high probability of survival for @entity1 with @entity1583 .

title: Reduced- @entity137 myeloablative conditioning consisting of 8-Gy @entity348 , @entity786 and XXXX for pediatric @entity1583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The persistence of moderate @entity339 ( @entity1585 ) after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery is an important independent predictor of long-term mortality. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of postoperative improvement in moderate @entity1585 in @entity1 with @entity741 undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population consisted of 135 @entity1 with @entity741 (age, 65+/-9 years; 81% male) and moderate @entity1585 undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Fourteen @entity1 died before the 12-month follow-up echocardiography and were excluded. At the 12-month follow-up, 57 @entity1 showed no or mild @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), whereas 64 @entity1 failed to improve (failure group). Before coronary artery bypass graft surgery, the @entity1585 had significantly more viable myocardium and less dyssynchrony between papillary muscles than the failure group (P<0.001). All other preoperative parameters were similar in both groups. Large extent (> or =5 segments) of viable myocardium (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 1.89; P<0.001) and absence (<60 ms) of dyssynchrony (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.72; P<0.001) were independently associated with improvement in @entity1585 . The majority (93%) of @entity1 with viable myocardium and an absence of dyssynchrony showed an improvement in @entity1585 . In contrast, only 34% and 18% of @entity1 with dyssynchrony and nonviable myocardium, respectively, showed an improvement in @entity1585 , whereas 32% and 49%, respectively, of these @entity1 showed worsening of @entity1585 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Reliable improvement in moderate @entity1585 by isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery was observed only in @entity1 with concomitant presence of viable myocardium and absence of dyssynchrony between papillary muscles.

title: Predictors of improvement of unrepaired moderate @entity339 in XXXX undergoing elective isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['improvement group', 'IMR']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The relative risk (RR) of acquiring a hospital diagnosis of @entity303 was estimated in 101,104 @entity1 (1 in 25 fraction) randomly selected from total admissions to Scottish general hospitals between 1968 and 1977. The @entity1 were allocated to putative at-risk groups according to main diagnosis at time of index admission, and RR of @entity303 ( @entity1479 9,290) was contrasted between ten risk groups and a reference group. Record linkage was used to reduce admission episodes to individual cases, to link general and @entity146 Scottish Morbidity Records (SMR 1 and SMR 4), to identify subsequent admission diagnoses of @entity303 , and to establish @entity1 -years-at-risk for each case by linking to the Registrar General's mortality file. For males, RR was significantly increased in the ' @entity101 ' risk group (RR 3.88:95% CI 2.18-9.89: p < 0.05) and was significantly reduced in the ' @entity455 ' risk group (RR 0.57:95% CI 0.34-0.95: p < 0.05). There was a trend towards increased risk in the cerebrovascular category. For females, RR was significantly reduced in the ' @entity5 ' risk group (RR 0.46:95% CI 0.34-0.63: p < 0.05). There was no evidence of significant alteration in RR in a number of other possible risk groups (endocrine, @entity542 , CNS/NS disease, @entity299 , @entity10189 ). Morbidity registers provide access to large data sets of low reliability. No attempt was made to distinguish between @entity195 and @entity9398 cases, which limited scope for comparison with studies focused on @entity195 . Previous reports positive associations between @entity542 , @entity1374 , and subsequent @entity195 were not replicated.

title: A Scottish record linkage study of risk factors in medical history and @entity303 outcome in hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity9398 :: ('MESH:D015161', 'Disease') :: ['multi-infarct dementia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Combination chemotherapy with anti-proliferative agents is the usual treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), good performance status and no major clinical contraindications. @entity19981 (LND), a new drug with an innovative mechanism of action, might potentiate anti- @entity5 activity of conventional cytotoxic drugs, with no increase of specific @entity137 . Following a pilot study of feasibility, we now report the results of a randomised trial evaluating MACC chemotherapy, as originally described, versus the same regimen+LND. 151 @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were assigned at random to the two treatment arms. LND 150 mg was given orally three times daily. Treatment was continued until progression of disease, unacceptable @entity137 or refusal by the @entity1 (median number of cycles of MACC, three for both arms; median duration of LND administration, 8 weeks in the arm concerned). Actual dose intensities (DI) of MACC and LND were, respectively, 100 and 83% of those intended (median values). There was a negative correlation between duration of chemotherapy and the DI of MACC reached in each @entity1 , but no correlation between the duration of treatment with LND and its DI. DIs of LND and MACC were not correlated with each other. In all, 15 objective responses (one complete and four partial responses in the MACC group, 10 partial responses in @entity1 on MACC+LND) were observed. Median progression-free survivals were 20 weeks (confidence interval, CI 14-22) for the group on LND and 17 weeks (CI 12-17) for the control group (non-significant difference). Median overall survivals were, respectively, 30 weeks (CI 23-40) and 27 weeks (CI 22-34), P = non-significant. @entity137 was as expected by the use of MACC, and similar in both arms, except for more severe @entity417 and @entity137 in the group on MACC+LND. Other uncommon side-effects, seen only in this latter group, were mild to moderate and reversible and included @entity925 , @entity1395 , @entity158 , @entity10 , visual troubles, incubi and dizziness. Subjective tolerance to the treatment, and perception of physical and psychological well-being were rated similarly by @entity1 of both groups. MACC plus LND is a moderately active regimen in advanced @entity1149 , with a foreseeable and reversible @entity137 of low-medium grade. Potential enhancements of anti- @entity5 efficacy of chemotherapy, and possible host survival benefits derived from the use of LND are not substantiated by the results of this trial.

title: A randomised trial of MACC chemotherapy with or without @entity19981 in advanced XXXX . Cuneo Lung Cancer Study Group (CuLCaSG)

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'gastric toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity19981 :: ('MESH:C016371', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonidamine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['testicle pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Members of the Eyes absent ( @entity23785 ) protein family play important roles in tissue specification and patterning by serving as both transcriptional activators and protein @entity669 phosphatases. These activities are often carried out in the context of complexes containing members of the Six and/or Dach families of DNA binding proteins. eyes absent, the founding member of the @entity23785 family is expressed dynamically within several embryonic, larval, and adult tissues of the @entity238 , @entity238 . Loss-of-function mutations are known to result in disruptions of the @entity149 as well as the adult brain and visual system, including the compound eyes. In an effort to understand how @entity23785 is regulated during development, we have carried out a genetic screen designed to identify genes that lie upstream of @entity23785 and govern its expression. We have identified a large number of putative regulators, including members of several signaling pathways. Of particular interest is the identification of both @entity23786 /anterior open and pointed, two members of the @entity11735 ( @entity11735 ) signaling cascade. The @entity11735 pathway is known to regulate the activity of @entity23785 through phosphorylation via MAPK. Our findings suggest that this pathway is also used to influence @entity23785 transcriptional levels. Together these mechanisms provide a route for greater precision in regulating a factor that is critical for the formation of a wide range of diverse tissues.

title: The retinal determination gene eyes absent is regulated by the @entity11735 pathway throughout development in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic head and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fruit fly']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: For the estimation of @entity2 risk for a @entity1 being it is important to take into account different etiological factors because of the polyetiology of this disease. This work was the aim of a retrospective investigation ("case-control") of 500 workers of a nuclear enterprise that had been gamma-irradiated in a wide dose range and had had exposure to airborne 239Pu. One hundred sixty-two @entity1 contracted @entity2 (morbidity), and 338 @entity1 that had not fallen ill served as pair control. Eleven potential risk factors were evaluated using a logistic regression model, five insignificant factors were excluded, and the remaining factors were arranged (by odds ratio) in decreasing order: smoking > @entity16878 pneumosclerosis > @entity16878 incorporation in body > @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) > decrease of body mass > external gamma-irradiation. The percentage of histologically confirmed @entity420 among the nuclear enterprise workers was 74%, which is significantly higher than 33% among the population that did not work at the enterprise, particularly in the case of high (more than 11 kBq) @entity16878 incorporation by the nuclear workers. The localization of @entity5 in this cohort is more frequently in the lower and @entity11294 and at the periphery. Each of the histological types of @entity2 has manifested a different degree of correlation with particular factors. The @entity420 has the most frequent correlation with the radiation factors; the odds ratio for @entity16878 incorporation and @entity16878 pneumosclerosis is 2.9 (95% CI = 1.0-8.4); for external gamma-irradiation the odds ratio is 1.9 (0.99-3.5); the odds ratio for smoking is 4.3 (1.9-9.9). The @entity957 has the highest correlation with non-occupational factors: with smoking the OR is 6.8 (1.2-38.7), with the @entity1030 the odds ratio is 3.9 (1.8-8.4), and with body mass decrease the odds ratio is 2.1 (0.94-4.6); odds ratio for @entity16878 incorporation is 4.2 (1.4-12.8). The @entity4153 has correlation with body mass decrease [odds ratio = 2.9 (1.2-7.6)] and high level of smoking [smoking index > 500; odds ratio = 3.5 (1.4-8.9)]. The portion of the occupational @entity5 among the workers of the nuclear enterprise, evaluated on the base of attributive risk, is 26%, with 57% for @entity420 , 9% for @entity957 , and 8% for @entity4153 . The investigation is continued to assess the dose-effect and factors interactions.

title: The influence of radiation and nonradiation factors on the XXXX incidence among the workers of the nuclear enterprise Mayak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity16878 :: ('MESH:D011005', 'Chemical') :: ['plutonium']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'radiation lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity11294 :: ('MESH:D008878', 'Disease') :: ['middle lung lobes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) occurs in 3% of pregnancies and is responsible for one third of all preterm births. @entity13493 will affect 120,000 @entity1 in the United States each year. It is associated with significant maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality resulting from @entity1745 , @entity5869 , and prematurity. The etiology is multifactorial, but the most significant risk factors are previous preterm birth and previous preterm premature @entity397 . Accurate diagnosis is extremely important to assure proper treatment. Evaluation is based on @entity1 history and clinical examination. This review presents the available evidence and grades it according to the U.S. Preventative Task Force recommendations. In part I of this review, the definition, pathophysiology, and methods of @entity13493 diagnosis are presented. In part II, the management, treatment, neonatal outcome, and the maternal and fetal evaluation of @entity1 with @entity13493 in the presence of cerclage and medical complications is reviewed. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to define the term: preterm premature @entity397 , to list the factors associated with premature @entity397 , and to outline the tests available for the diagnosis of @entity281 .

title: An evidence-based approach to the evaluation and treatment of premature XXXX : Part I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5869 :: ('MESH:D000037', 'Disease') :: ['abruptio placentae']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['intra-amniotic infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['infection, umbilical cord compression']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm premature rupture of membranes', 'PPROM']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture of membranes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently identified polymorphisms in @entity2826 -associated herpesvirus ( @entity16102 )-encoded microRNA (miRNA) sequences from clinical subjects. Here, we examine whether any of these may contribute to @entity2826 risk in a European AIDS- @entity2826 case-control study. METHODS: @entity16102 load in peripheral blood was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Samples that had detectable viral loads were used to amplify the 2.8-kb miRNA encoding region plus a 646-bp fragment of the K12/T0.7 gene. Additionally, we characterized an 840-bp fragment of the K1 gene to determine @entity16102 subtypes. RESULTS: @entity16102 DNA was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 49.6% of case @entity1 and 6.8% of controls, and viral loads tended to be higher in case @entity1 . Sequences from the miRNA-encoding regions were conserved overall, but distinct polymorphisms were detected, some of which occurred in primary miRNAs, pre-miRNAs, or mature miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2826 were more likely to have detectable viral loads than were controls without disease. Despite high conservation in @entity16102 miRNA-encoded sequences, polymorphisms were observed, including some that have been reported elsewhere. Some polymorphisms could affect mature miRNA processing and appear to be associated with @entity2826 risk.

title: @entity2826 ( XXXX )-associated herpesvirus microRNA sequence analysis and @entity2826 risk in a European AIDS- @entity2826 case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ['KS', 'Kaposi sarcoma']

answer: @entity2826 :: (MESH:D012514,Disease) :: ['KS']


abstract: For @entity320 in situ (MIS) arising in chronically photodamaged skin (a.k.a. @entity552 , LM), the preferred treatment remains surgical excision. Yet, the standard 5-mm margins of excision recommended for other subtypes of MIS have proven insufficient for LM, due to the its indistinct borders. In this report, authors review specialized surgical techniques for the treatment of LM that focus on meticulous assessment of peripheral margins prior to closure (staged margin control) conducted with analysis of either frozen or permanent histologic sections. Techniques utilizing permanent sections include variations of the ''square'', ''perimeter'', and ''contoured'' excisions, and recurrence rates with these techniques are reportedly low based on short-term follow-up. Similarly, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) has been reported to be effective in LM, with recurrence rates generally less than 1% over three-five years of follow-up. In order to simplify margin assessment for MMS, many investigators have begun to rely on intraoperative immunohistochemistry (IHC) to identify melanocytes in frozen sections, and @entity16524 is surrently the preferred immunostain for this purpose. Other methods of IHC are currently under investigation. Regardless, surgical methods that employ this degree of margin assessment offer superior cure rates compared to standard excision, and should be seriously considered when encountering @entity1 with LM. Total peripheral margin assessment using staged excisions and analysis of permanent sections appears to be a simple and effective alternative to @entity10843 , especially for institutions that prefer examination of permanent sections to frozen sections.

title: Staged margin control techniques for surgical excision of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity552 :: ('MESH:D018327', 'Disease') :: ['lentigo maligna']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity552 :: (MESH:D018327,Disease) :: ['lentigo maligna']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with active @entity2012 despite previous surgery were treated with 30 mg lanreotide im twice a month for 9 months. In 10 subjects the treatment continued to 19 months. GH serum levels of all @entity1 decreased significantly from an initial value of 32.0 (29.4) micrograms/l [median (standard error of median)] to 10.0 (3.6) and 19.1 (5.7) after 3 and 9 months of treatment, respectively. In the 10 @entity1 with the treatment longer than one year the decrease in GH was from 46.8 (29.4) micrograms/l to 12.5 (5.0) and 16.1 (5.3) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. @entity442 serum levels decreased significantly from 1193 (73) micrograms/l to 782 (99) and 621 (103) after 3 and 9 months, respectively, and were normalized in 3 @entity1 . In the 10 @entity1 treated for longer than one year, levels decreased significantly from 1318 (74) micrograms/l to 653 (170) and 742 (180) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. @entity2301 levels were reduced to the normal range in 6 @entity1 and decreased from 8.7 (1.5) mg/l to 6.4 (0.8) and to 5.4 (1.0) after 3 and 9 months, respectively. In the @entity1 with the 19 months treatment the decrease was from 9.3 (1.6 mg/l to 3.9 (0.9) and 4.8 (0.9) after 13 and 19 months, respectively. The @entity2301 to IFG I ratio increased in 7 @entity1 . This elevation significantly correlated with the decrease in bioassayable somatomedin. Prolactin serum levels fell in all @entity1 with increased prolactin secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX with the slow-release somatostatin analogue lanreotide.

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over 1.4 million @entity1 present annually to United States (US) emergency departments with minor @entity542 . Many undergo unnecessary head computed tomography (HCT). OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of @entity4483 , a central nervous system peptide, to screen for HCT+ @entity542 . METHODS: This study was a prospective observational study of adults with minor @entity542 . @entity1 presenting within 6h of injury and undergoing HCT for evaluation were eligible. All HCTs were blindly reviewed for presence of a priori defined @entity1504 (HCT+). Quantitative @entity4483 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: A total of 346 @entity1 were enrolled over 12 months, mean age 48 years (   23 years), 62% male. Twenty-two (6.4%) were HCT+. Vomiting, @entity10 , anterograde @entity2730 , Glasgow @entity772 Scale score<15, @entity390 , and @entity909 were associated with HCT+ results. Median @entity4483 levels were significantly elevated in HCT+ (115 ng/dL) vs. HCT- (56.0 ng/dL) @entity1 (p=0.032). Receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.643. Sensitivity and specificity were 86% (95% confidence interval [CI] 67-96) and 37% (95% CI 29-45%) at 42 ng/dL, 91% (95% CI 72-98%) and 24% (95% CI 17-31%) at 32 ng/dL, and 96% (95% CI 78-100%) and 13% (95% CI 9-20%) at 24 ng/dL, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that @entity4483 may be a sensitive but non-specific marker of HCT+ injury.

title: XXXX immunoassay: an assessment of diagnostic utility in minor @entity542 .

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial injury']

entities_list: @entity909 :: ('MESH:D014474', 'Disease') :: ['loss of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4483 :: (6285,Gene) :: ['S100b']


abstract: Multiple unstable spiral waves rotating around phase singularities (PSs) in the heart, i.e., @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), is the leading cause of @entity204 in the industrialized world. Spiral waves are ubiquitous in nature and have been extensively studied by physiologists, mathematicians, chemists, and biologists, with particular emphasis on their movement and stability. Spiral waves are not easy to terminate because of the difficulty of "breaking" the continuous spatial progression of phase around the PSs. The only means to stop @entity2224 (i.e., @entity299 ) is to deliver a strong electric shock to the heart. Here, we use the similarities between spiral wave dynamics and limit cycle oscillators to characterize the spatio-temporal dynamics of @entity2224 and defibrillation via phase-resetting curves. During @entity2224 , only PSs, including their formation and termination, were associated with large phase changes. At low shock strengths, phase-resetting curves exhibited characteristics of weak (type 1) resetting. As shock strength increased, the number of postshock PSs decreased to zero coincident with a transition to strong (type 0) resetting. Our results indicate that shock-induced spiral wave termination in the heart is caused by altering the phase around the PSs, such that, depending on the preshock phase, sites are either excited by membrane depolarization (phase advanced) or exhibit slowed membrane repolarization (phase delay). Strong shocks that defibrillate break the continuity of phase around PSs by forcing the state of all sites to the fast portion of state space, thus quickly leading to a "homogeneity of state," subsequent global repolarization and spiral wave termination.

title: Termination of spiral waves during XXXX via shock-induced phase resetting.

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defibrillation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac fibrillation']


abstract: After @entity697 , symptoms persist in a minority of @entity1 for more than 1 year. Such @entity1 are defined as having @entity102 . Since no objective laboratory methods exist to confirm the presence of @entity102 , these @entity1 suffer delays in both diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) in the diagnosis and follow-up of these @entity1 . Thirty-five subjects with a well-documented history of @entity3377 that had been diagnosed between 2 and 33 years previously were screened by Q-PCR for the presence of @entity6467 DNA and by serological tests and blood culture. Subjects were divided into three groups: 8 (23%) @entity66 subjects, 9 (26%) @entity66 subjects with subjective complaints, such as @entity1295 , @entity4841 , and/or @entity925 , and 18 (51%) asymptomatic subjects. All (100%) @entity66 @entity1 and symptomatic @entity66 @entity1 had at least one positive Q-PCR sample. Only six (33%) of the asymptomatic subjects had Q-PCR-positive samples (P < 0.05). Eleven @entity1 (five @entity66 @entity1 and six @entity66 @entity1 with subjective complaints) received therapy during the study. For those @entity1 who completed treatment, six (60%) still had Q-PCR-positive samples at the posttreatment follow-up. The proportion of individuals with @entity6467 DNA was significantly higher for symptomatic @entity66 @entity1 than for asymptomatic subjects. Therefore, Q-PCR appears to be a useful method for identifying @entity102 @entity1 .

title: XXXX and persistence of @entity6467 DNA.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute brucellosis infection']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['focal-disease', 'nonfocal-disease']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, malaise']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic brucellosis']


abstract: Several guidelines for the management of @entity565 suggest that actual/best function is a useful outcome measure. This implies accurate assessment of best function, and a standard for the proportion of best function to be achieved. Seventeen clinics observed their practice simultaneously during four periods in 1990. The aims of the study included testing a protocol for the assessment of best function, and validating actual/best function as an outcome measure. The proposed target for actual/best function to indicate satisfactory control was 80%. The protocol for assessment of best function required formal trial of @entity230 if best function was < 70% predicted; with regular recording of peak expiratory flow (PEF) if < 80% predicted. PEF was recorded in 515 and FEV1 in 680 of 767 subjects, following the usual clinic practice. If the protocol for best function was not satisfied, mean actual/best function was no higher than if it was, except when best PEF was < 70% predicted. This suggests the need for a PEF chart in these latter @entity1 . Best function was greater in females than males, but actual/best function was almost identical. Whilst best function declined with increasing intensity of treatment, actual/best function was almost independent of regimen step, particularly in the centre which most closely adhered to the protocol. These results confirm that actual/best function is a valid outcome measure. Mean actual/best was > 80% except for FEV1 in two centres. It is suggested that the target in chronic management of @entity565 is raised from 80 to 85% of best, when actual/best PEF is used as a spot check in @entity1 believed to be on optimal therapy.

title: Actual over best function as an outcome measure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity13575 (PF) is the principal bioactive component of Radix @entity22035 , which is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of @entity179 such as @entity191 ( @entity191 ). AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of PF on @entity9016 - or acid- (pH 5.0) induced injury in cultured PC12 cells and to investigate the activity of autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP). @entity6478 ( @entity3660 ), a non-selective blocker of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), as a positive control drug, since it is neuroprotective in rodent models of @entity191 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cell viability was analyzed with @entity98 assay. The cell injury was assessed by @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were used to study the apoptotic, @entity460 influx and autophagic mechanisms. RESULTS: Ami (100 microM) and PF (50 microM) both protected PC12 cells against @entity9016 - or acid-induced injury as assessed by @entity98 assay, @entity880 dehydrogenase release, and apoptosis rate. The concentrations of cytosolic free @entity141 were raised after exposure to @entity9016 or @entity520 , while Ami and PF both reduced the influx of @entity141 . More importantly, we found that the mechanisms of neuroprotective effects of Ami and PF were closely associated with the upregulation of LC3-II protein, which is specifically associated with autophagic vacuole membranes. Furthermore, application of @entity9016 or acid induced the overexpression of LAMP2a, which is directly correlated with the activity of the chaperone-mediated autophagy pathway. However, Ami and PF inhibited the overexpression of LAMP2a. CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide the first experimental evidence that PF modulates autophagy in models of @entity528 , as well as providing the first indication of a relationship between ASICs and ALP.

title: XXXX , a potent natural compound, protects PC12 cells from MPP+ and acidic damage via autophagic pathway.

entities_list: @entity22035 :: ('MESH:D003741', 'Disease') :: ['Paeoniae alba']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity13575 :: ('MESH:C015423', 'Chemical') :: ['Paeoniflorin']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuron injury']

answer: @entity13575 :: (MESH:C015423,Chemical) :: ['Paeoniflorin']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the applicability of the Taguchi method (TM) and optimisation algorithms to optimise the branch chain @entity3534 (BCAA) requirements in 0 to 7 d broiler chicks. In the first experiment, the @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) @entity3534 and apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values of @entity2829 , @entity3505 and soya bean meal were evaluated. In the second experiment, three factors including @entity368 ( @entity368 ), @entity6778 ( @entity6779 ) and @entity4857 ( @entity2596 ), each at 4 levels, were selected, and an orthogonal array layout of L16 (4(3)) using TM was performed. After data collection, optimisation of average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio ( @entity6780 ) were obtained using TM. The multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA) and random search algorithm (RSA) were also applied to predict the optimal combination of BCAA for broiler performance. In the third experiment, a growth study was conducted to evaluate the applicability of obtained optimum BCAA requirements data by TM, MOGA and RSA, and results were compared with those of birds fed with a diet formulated according to Ross 308 recommendations. In the second experiment, the TM resulted in 13.45  g/kg @entity1625 @entity368 , 8.5  g/kg @entity1625 @entity6779 and 10.45  g/kg @entity1625 @entity2596 as optimum level for maximum ADG (21.57  g/bird/d) and minimum @entity6780 (1.11  g feed/g gain) in 0- to 7-d-old broiler @entity1573 . MOGA predicted the following combinations: @entity1625 @entity368  =  14.8, @entity1625 @entity6779  =  9.1 and @entity1625 @entity2596  =  10.3 for maximum ADG (22.05) and minimum @entity6780 (1.11). The optimisation using RSA predicted @entity368  =  16.0, @entity6779  =  9.5 and @entity2596  =  10.2 for maximum ADG (22.67), and @entity368  =  15.5, @entity6779  =  9.0 and @entity2596  =  10.4 to achieve minimum @entity6780 (1.08). The validation experiment confirmed that TM, MOGA and RSA yielded optimum determination of dietary @entity3689 requirements and improved ADG and @entity6780 as compared to Aviagen recommendations. However, based on the live animal validation trial, MOGA and RSA overpredicted the optimum requirement as compared to TM. In general, the results of these studies showed that the TM may be used to optimise nutrient requirements for poultry.

title: Optimisation of broiler @entity1573 responses from 0 to 7 d of age to dietary XXXX , @entity6778 and @entity4857 using Taguchi and mathematical methods.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['SID', 'standardised digestible']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['Leu', 'leucine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Nerium indicum leaf extract on the blood electrolytes of @entity6528 for short- and long term. Fish were subjected to Nerium indicum leaf extract for short term (11.27 mg/L i.e. 0.8 of 96 h LC      ) and long term (2.81 mg/L i.e. 0.2 of 96 h LC      ). Fish were killed on each time intervals from control and experimental (Nerium indicum) groups after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h in short-term exposure and after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in long-term experiment. Blood samples were analyzed for @entity460 and inorganic @entity1391 levels. Acute exposure of Nerium indicum leaf extract caused a progressive decrease in the serum @entity460 levels after 48 h in fish @entity6528 , which persists till the close of the experiment (96 h). The serum inorganic @entity1391 levels remain unaffected till 48 h in the Nerium indicum leaf extract-exposed fish. After 72 and 96 h, the levels exhibit a decrease. Chronic Nerium indicum leaf extract treatment provoked a decrease in serum @entity460 levels at day 14. This decrease continues till 28 days. The serum @entity1391 level of the Nerium indicum leaf extract-treated fish decreases on day 14 and 21. However, on day 28, the levels become close to the normal values. We conclude that Nerium indicum leaf extract exposure alters the blood electrolytes of the fish, thus causing physiological disturbances which might affect seriously the normal vital functions, growth rate, reproduction, and their survival in nature.

title: Alterations in blood electrolytes of a freshwater catfish XXXX in response to treatment with a botanical pesticide, Nerium indicum leaf extract.

entities_list: @entity6528 :: ('93621', 'Species') :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis', 'H. fossilis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity6528 :: (93621,Species) :: ['Heteropneustes fossilis']


abstract: The unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, the ability to sleep during swimming with one @entity735 and the absence of @entity25 in the form of it is observed in all terrestrial mammals are unique features of sleep in cetaceans. Visual observations supplement electrophysiological studies and allow obtaining novel data about sleep of cetaceans. In the present study we examined behavior of 3 adult Commerson' @entity14428 Cephalorhynchus commersonii which were housed in the oceanarium Sea-World (San Diego, USA). The behavior of the dolphins can be subdivided into 5 swimming types: 1) active swimming marked by variable speed and irregular trajectory of movement (on average for 3 dolphins 35.1 +/- 2.7% of the 24-h period) was scored as active wakefulness; 2) circular swimming was divided into slow and fast swimming and occupied, on average, 44.4 +/- 3.8 and 9.7 +/- 0.8% of the 24-h period, respectively; while in circular swimming, dolphins swam from 1 to 6 circles on one respiration pause; 3) quiet chaotic swimming (3.9 +/- 1.2%) that occurred at the bottom and was not accompanied by signs of activity; 4) floating, and 5) slow swimming at the surface (4.1 +/- 0.5 and 2.8 +/- 0.4%), respectively; the latter two swimming types were accompanied by frequent respiration (hyperventilation). We suggest that sleep in Commerson' @entity14428 occurred predominantly during the circular and quiet swimming. From time to time the dolphins slowed down their speeds and even stopped for several seconds. Such episodes appeared to be the deepest @entity25 . In all dolphins muscle jerks as well erections in the male were observed. Jerks and erections occurred during the circular and quiet chaotic swimming. Similar to other studied small cetaceans, Commerson' @entity14428 are in a state of almost uninterrupted swimming during 24 h per day and they sleep during swimming. Some muscle jerks that we observed in the dolphins in this study might have been episodes of @entity25 .

title: [Rest and activity states in the Commerson' XXXX (Cephalorhynchus commersonii)].

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep episodes', 'paradoxical sleep']

answer: @entity14428 :: (9737,Species) :: ['s dolphin']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the results of ultrasound-guided injection of corticosteroid for @entity924 . In this randomized and prospective study, we evaluated 45 @entity1 who were treated by free-hand injection without ultrasound guidance (group A) and 53 @entity1 who were treated by ultrasound-guided injection (group B). The mean age was 47 y (range, 28 to 72). The average follow-up was 33 weeks (range, 24 to 56). The visual analog scale score decreased from 7.1    2.3 before injection to 4.2    3.1 at follow-up in group A and from 6.9    2.6 to 2.1    1.9 in group B (p < 0.05). The Constant-Murley score improved from 31.4    11.6 before injection to 73.5    19.2 at follow-up in group A and from 32.5    14.7 to 85.5    10.3 (p < 0.01). The ultrasound-guided injection therefore demonstrated a statistically significantly greater degree of @entity158 relief. However, the outcome of injection was not satisfactory for the @entity1 who demonstrated severely frayed @entity924 at arthroscopy. There were no complications related to the injection in both groups. @entity228 injection under ultrasound guidance is a safe and well-tolerated procedure with a satisfactory rate of symptom relief in @entity1 with @entity924 .

title: Ultrasound-guided injection for the XXXX : results and experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendons', 'biceps brachii tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroid']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['biceps brachii tendinitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The combination of @entity1260 (I) and @entity2879 (E) was useful in salvaging @entity1 with recurrent/resistant @entity5 of childhood. @entity3003 (C), active against a number of pediatric @entity5 , was added to I and E to form a three-drug combination called ICE to improve the response rate. @entity1 AND METHODS: ICE, consisting of I 1.5 g/m2 plus E 100 mg/m2 i.v.q.d. x 3 plus C i.v. on day 3 only, was given in 21-28-day intervals. C was started at 300 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in 25% increments, with three evaluable @entity1 treated at each level. RESULTS: Ninety-two @entity1 were enrolled in this phase I/II study between July 1990 and April 1993. A total of 331 courses of ICE was administered. Median courses of ICE received were three (range, 1-16). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for C when used in combination was found to be 635 mg/m2. The response rate for ICE at the MTD for C was complete response (CR) 26% and CR + partial response (PR) 53%. The response was even better in those who received C at the MTD: 32% achieving a CR and 63% a CR + PR. @entity3043 was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Thirteen episodes of @entity2348 were reported, none fatal. Only one @entity1 developed @entity23154 . CONCLUSION: The MTD of C when used with I and E was found to be 635 mg/m2. The overall CR + PR rate for all @entity1 treated at all C dose levels was 53%. Best responses were seen in @entity1893 , @entity521 , soft tissue @entity242 , and @entity3969 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX / @entity3003 / @entity2879 (ICE) for recurrent @entity5 of childhood: a Pediatric Oncology Group Phase I/II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity23154 :: ('MESH:C536855', 'Disease') :: ['a Fanconi-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant solid tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['Pancytopenia']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: e18042 Background: @entity902 based doublet chemotherapy remains the standard regimen as first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC, but recently this opinion has been challenged. A lot of data indicates that certain genomic features can target specific cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of NSCLC. So prescribing without checking predictive markers is somewhat useless to the majority of NSCLC . METHODS: Between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010, we identified 52 @entity1 with pathologically diagnosed as @entity957 and 90 @entity1 as @entity420 at the thoracic surgical department of our hospital, In all those 142 NSCLC tissue samples (obtained from operation, percutaneous lung biopsy or bronchoscopy biopsy), the expression of Tubulin-b, @entity1722 / @entity1722 , @entity11833 and @entity1950 was assayed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining method. There were 47 @entity1 belonging to advanced and local advanced NCSLC (47/142), treated by chemotherapy. Among them, for the 27 @entity1 with Tubulin-b<= + and @entity1722 / @entity1722 <= + (27/47), we applied the @entity1311 regimen, of which, the @entity1 with @entity11833 <= ++ were prescribed the @entity1311 and @entity902 , meanwhile, the @entity1 with @entity11833 >++ and @entity1950 <= +, the @entity1311 and @entity1487 was applied. The response rate was analysed. RESULTS: For the 27 selected @entity1 treated with @entity1311 regimen, the response rate was 92.86% (13/14) and 92.31% (12/13) in the @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 respectively, which is dramatically higher compared with previous studies. There is no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two pathological types. In addition, the expression of Tubulin-b<= + and @entity1722 / @entity1722 <= + was observed significantly different (p<0.05) between the @entity1 with @entity957 (67.31%, 35/52) and @entity420 (47.78%, 43/90). CONCLUSIONS: The response rate was improved dramatically if we chose the doublet chemotherapy with @entity1311 regimen predicted by the IHC results of Tubulin-b, @entity1722 / @entity1722 , @entity11833 and @entity1950 . Our study may make the pharmacogenetic strategies for individualized chemotherapy in NSCLC possible. Additionally, the @entity1311 regimen may be more effective in the @entity1 with @entity957 than with @entity420 .

title: The clinical significance of tubulin-b, @entity1722 / XXXX , @entity11833 , and @entity1950 in the treatment of NSCLC.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous-carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['HER2']


abstract: We wanted to study epidemiology and the outcome of severe childhood @entity130 . A retrospective study was carried out of 347 severely injured @entity1 under 16 years of age, who required intensive care or died during a 10-year period in southern Finland. Of the severely injured @entity1 , 65.4 per cent were male. @entity1913 were the most common (83.0 per cent) followed by penetrating @entity130 (4.9 per cent), burns (4.6 per cent) and others (7.5 per cent). Of the @entity1 with blunt or penetrating @entity130 , 85.6 per cent had @entity542 alone, or combined with other @entity130 . The majority of all @entity130 (58.2 per cent) and @entity204 (59.3 per cent) in @entity1 were caused by road traffic accidents. Of this @entity1 population, 64 died at the scene, 54 died in hospital and 229 survived. Most of the deceased @entity130 @entity1 (77.1 per cent) died within the first 6 h following the incident and all the @entity204 occurred within 9 days. The annual incidence of severe @entity130 was 14.1 per 100,000 @entity1 , and the annual mortality was 4.8 per 100,000. All the @entity204 occurred immediately or within a few days of the accident. Late @entity204 due to @entity295 or @entity881 were not seen in @entity1 .

title: Severe and fatal childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['Blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['trauma deaths', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drosophila Jumonji/ @entity18023 ( @entity18024 ) has been identified as a component of Polycomb repressive complex 2. However, it is suggested that @entity18024 has both PRC-dependent and -independent roles. Subcellular localization of @entity18024 during spermatogenesis is unknown. We therefore performed immunocytochemical analyses with specific antibodies to @entity18024 and tri-methylation at @entity376 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). Interestingly, @entity18024 exclusively localizes at nucleolus in the late growth stage. Examination of the @entity18024 localization in various Polycomb group (PcG) mutant lines at the late growth stage allowed identification of some PcG genes, including Polycomb (Pc), to be responsible for @entity18024 recruitment to nucleolus. In addition, we found that size of nucleolus was decreased in some of these mutant lines. In a mutant of testis-specific @entity18025 homolog (tTAF) that is responsible for nucleolus localization of Pc, @entity18024 signals were detected not only at nucleolus but also on the condensed chromatin in the late growth stage. Duolink In situ Proximity ligation assay clarified that Pc interacts with @entity18024 at nucleolus in the late growth stage. Furthermore, the level of H3K27me3 decreased in nuclei at this stage. Taken together, we conclude that tTAF is responsible for recruitments of @entity18024 to nucleolus in the late growth stage that appears to be mediated by Pc. Compartmentalization of @entity18024 in nucleolus together with some of PcG may be necessary to de-repress the expression of genes required to cellular growth and proliferation in the following meiotic divisions.

title: Polycomb-dependent nucleolus localization of Jumonji/ XXXX during Drosophila spermatogenesis.

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity18023 :: (3720,Gene) :: ['Jarid2']


abstract: A characteristic pattern of fluid homeostasis occurs in the first week of life in many preterm @entity1 . Initially, urine output is low independent of fluid intake, subsequently a diuresis occurs, and finally urine output begins to vary with intake. @entity8 were made during each of these three phases to elucidate the renal mechanisms involved. Periods during which the ratio of urine output to fluid intake was greater than or equal to 1 and urine output was greater than or equal to 3 mL/kg/h were defined as diuretic. Of 22 preterm @entity1 studied from 12 to 120 hours of age, 17 had at least one period of diuresis. In these @entity1 , urine output, fluid intake rate, output to intake ratio, glomerular filtration rate, and fractional @entity1372 excretion were lowest at 12 to 24 hours of age. During diuresis, urine output tripled without a significant change in fluid intake so that output to intake increased to levels exceeding unity. Diuresis was associated with significant increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional @entity1372 excretion. By 108 to 120 hours of age, urine output decreased despite an increase in fluid intake. This was accompanied by a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest that the initial antidiuretic phase is the result of a low fractional @entity1372 excretion in the face of a low glomerular filtration rate. Subsequently, diuresis and natriuresis occur as a result of abrupt, nonmaturational increases in glomerular filtration rate and fractional @entity1372 excretion. With cessation of diuresis, glomerular filtration rate and fractional @entity1372 excretion decrease and water and electrolyte output begin to vary appropriately with intake.

title: Renal function correlates of postnatal diuresis in preterm XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal clearance measurements']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Administration of @entity1420 (5 or 10 mg) to pregnant rats increased serum prolactin significantly on the afternoon of Days 4, 6, 7 and 8 of pregnancy, but had no effect on later days. On Day 10 @entity1420 administration increased serum prolactin only in @entity35 treated with @entity2931 the day before. A similar treatment with @entity2931 and @entity1420 was unable to stimulate secretion on the afternoon of Day 13 of pregnancy. In @entity35 from which the corpora lutea had been unilaterally removed and hence endogenous @entity1420 levels were 50% of the normal values, or in those that carried 4 conceptuses, @entity1420 treatment after @entity53 priming was partly effective in inducing prolactin release on Day 13. However, in @entity35 ovariectomized, with bilateral excision of the corpora lutea, or with 2 conceptuses left, treatment with ovarian steroids markedly increased serum prolactin values. By Day 13 all the @entity35 from the ovariectomized group or with bilateral excision of the corpora lutea had aborted. On Day 13, therefore, the high serum concentrations of feto-placental factors and of @entity1420 are responsible for the blockade of the spontaneous and ovarian @entity134 -induced prolactin release. On the other hand, on Day 16 of pregnancy the decrease of circulating @entity1420 by excision of the corpora lutea or by ovariectomy followed by @entity53 treatment significantly increased serum prolactin on Day 17. Removal of all the conceptuses did not modify the effects of these treatments. The present results demonstrate different roles of @entity1420 upon the control of prolactin secretion. After a stimulatory action during the first days of pregnancy, there is a change to an inhibitory control at the end of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ovarian and feto-placental factors and the regulation of prolactin release during pregnancy in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cluster analysis based on @entity195 ( @entity195 ) neuropsychiatric profile demonstrated validity on caregiver burden, nursing-home placement and survival. The aims of our study were to explore the validity of this approach on caregiver burden, @entity2055 and @entity73 and to examine the impact of neuropsychiatric profiles on these variables. METHOD: A data-driven approach (two-step cluster analysis) identified groups of @entity1 based on similarities of their neuropsychiatric symptom profile, as assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). ANOVAs and chi(2) tests were used to compare groups with regard to continuous and categorical variables. Linear regressions tested the relationships between NPI and clinical variables. RESULTS: Psychotic/behavioral, @entity308 and minimally symptomatic clusters differed for caregiver burden and @entity2055 . @entity1 in the minimally symptomatic cluster showed better insight than those in the @entity308 cluster. Caregivers of the @entity716 /behavioral cluster experienced the highest burden. We found positive relationships between NPI and @entity2055 in the @entity308 and minimally symptomatic clusters and between NPI and caregiver burden in all three clusters. Caregiver burden was influenced by the type of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The cluster analysis was valid for @entity2055 and caregiver burden. Symptoms predominant on caregiver burden could become targets for therapy.

title: Neuropsychiatric symptoms underlying caregiver stress and insight in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['lack of insight']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: We assessed the occurrence of @entity320 in New Mexico from 1969-1977. Incidence data, collected by the New Mexico Tumor Registry, were supplemented with mortality data supplied by the State Bureau of Vital Statistics. These data were analyzed for variation by site, sex, and ethnic group. @entity320 occurrence varied with ethnicity. Incidence rates for non-Hispanic whites (Anglos) exceeded comparison US rates, and were approximately six times higher than for other ethnic groups. Annual incidence rates for Hispanics, American Indians, and blacks of both sexes ranged from 0.0-1.8 cases per 100,000. As anticipated from other studies, the lower extremities were the most common site in Anglo @entity1 , and the trunk was the most common site in Anglo @entity1 . In contrast, the trunk was the most common site for both Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 . A statistically significant trend of increasing incidence was demonstrated only for the Anglo @entity1 . Mortality rates varied widely during the study period and did not correlate with incidence rates.

title: XXXX in New Mexico 1969-1977.

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma of the skin']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma of the skin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is a @entity102 with a great prevalence and economic impact worldwide. @entity6 has an impact on health-related quality of life. The SF-6D is a well-known preference-based questionnaire that allows assessing health-related quality of life. It is one of the most used worldwide because it allows knowing the social preferences derived from different states of health. However, to our knowledge, normative values of this questionnaire in Chilean @entity6 population are not available. OBJECTIVE: to report normative data of the SF-6D in Chilean @entity6 population. METHODS: data were taken from the National Health Survey (ENS 2009-2010) of Chile. In this study, 424 @entity1 who have @entity6 (143 @entity1 and 281 @entity1 ) were included. The data have been presented stratified by sex and age group, and by region, marital status, smoking, income and education. RESULTS: the global utility index was 0.70 (   0.15) in @entity1 and 0.65 (   0.15) in @entity1 . Only 5% of population declared having a utility "1". The utility index of the SF-6D in @entity1 with @entity6 decreases with age, in situations of low-income, low education levels. CONCLUSIONS: this study reports the normative values of the SF-6D utility index in Chilean @entity6 population.

title: [NORMATIVE VALUES OF SF-6D QUESTIONNAIRE FOR CHILEAN DIABETES XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Following the development of the Caribbean Guidelines for Asthma Care, we examined the utilization of inhaled medications in @entity748 @entity1 in Trinidad, West Indies. SETTING: Chest Clinic, Ministry of Health, Trinidad. @entity1 : Physician-diagnosed @entity748 @entity1 who attended the Chest Clinic between July 1998 and August 2000. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A consecutive sample of @entity1 who were > 7 years of age (n = 402) was interviewed about compliance with, understanding of, and use of inhaler medication. The inhaler technique of these @entity1 was directly observed. Inhaled @entity134 therapy was prescribed in 83% of @entity1 but were prescribed the least in elderly @entity1 (63%) and @entity1 (62%). @entity3045 was prescribed in 98% of @entity1 , and @entity13265 and @entity9992 were selectively prescribed in elderly @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Only 33% of @entity1 used the inhaler correctly, and @entity1 and the elderly were the least efficient in its use. The use of a spacer device was advised in 19% of @entity1 , including only 6% of the elderly @entity1 . Explanations for different inhaler therapies were given to 62% of @entity1 , and 53% of @entity1 could describe these reasons. The reported 40% noncompliance rate among @entity1 in the sample was primarily a result of long waiting periods at the pharmacy (58%) and the personal cost incurred on purchasing the medication (52%). CONCLUSIONS: Educating @entity1 , with a focus on @entity1 and the elderly, in inhaler techniques and reinforcing understanding of @entity565 medications can improve @entity565 management in Trinidad. Asthma caregivers in the Caribbean should ensure the appropriate dissemination of the guidelines and should outline strategies for their implementation.

title: Understanding and use of inhaler medication by asthmatics in specialty care in Trinidad: a study following development of Caribbean guidelines for XXXX management and prevention.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13265 :: ('MESH:D009241', 'Chemical') :: ['ipratropium']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['Salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity9992 :: ('MESH:D004205', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cromoglycate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity8454 (ALA) induced Protoporphyring IX photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new method in the therapy of cutaneous @entity5 . Topical application prevents photosensibilization of normal skin. Promising results in the treatment of superficial @entity1491 have been reported. To evaluate the efficiency of this method in the therapy of @entity1491 of the lid, 10 @entity1 were treated by PDT 5 h after application of ALA. The lesions were irradiated by an @entity3503 -ion-laser-pumped dye laser at a wavelength of 630 or 635 nm and at cumulative radiant exposures of 50 and 100 J/cm2. After 5-8 weeks follow-up, the @entity1491 were excised to assess histologic changes. In the first few days after PDT the lesions seemed clinically to regress, due to @entity4 , but after a few weeks all @entity5 showed the same configuration they had before irradiation. Histological examination revealed small areas of @entity39 cells in all irradiated @entity1491 , surrounded by @entity5 formations. The reason for the poor results may be limited penetration of ALA or light. Although ALA-induced @entity13880 PDT is a promising approach in the therapy of @entity75 , it is not yet an acceptable alternative method in the treatment of @entity1491 of the lid.

title: [Photodynamic therapy of eyelid basalioma after topical administration of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumours', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['erythematous swelling']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dermal lesions']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['Protoporphyrin-IX']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['Delta-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['delta-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Auditory evoked potentials in @entity1 with @entity74 . AIM: To characterize the long latency auditory evoked potentials (LLAEP) results N1, P2, N2 and @entity3493 of @entity1 with @entity74 and to verify the improvement of such potentials with speech therapy. METHOD: 25 @entity1 without @entity74 (control group) and 41 with @entity74 (study group) underwent a basic audiological evaluation and LLAEP. The study group was divided into two subgroups: subgroup A composed by 22 @entity1 , underwent 12 sessions of speech therapy and were submitted to audiological retesting after this period, and subgroup B composed by 19 @entity1 , who were also reassessed three months after the initial testing. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups for the P2 and @entity3493 latencies and @entity3493 amplitude were observed. Comparison between the first and the second audiological assessments indicated no significant statistical differences between both subgroups regarding wave latencies. However, a significant statistical difference was verified for the @entity3493 (study subgroup A) and P2/N2 (study subgroup B) wave amplitudes. The study group presented higher percentage of altered results in the @entity3493 ; wave latency increase was the most frequent type of alteration. After speech therapy, the results of all components improved, however, there was no association between the improvement of LLAEP results with the background of @entity2346 , as well as with the Percentage of Consonants Correct-Revised. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity74 present altered @entity3493 suggesting involvement of the central auditory pathway, probably due to alterations in the auditory processing, presenting improvement in all components of LLAEP results after speech therapy.

title: Long latency auditory evoked potentials in XXXX with @entity74 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['phonological disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2497 is a rare cause of @entity378 in Germany. Epidemiological data are sparse. METHODS: we have carried out a retrospective analysis of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity378 caused by @entity2499 in a pneumological referral centre between 2004 and 2008. RESULTS: @entity2499 was isolated in 8 out of 203 (3,9 %) @entity1 with a new diagnosis of @entity378 . The median age of these @entity1 was 69 years, and 7 out of 8 showed risk factors for reactivation of a @entity9178 . In 4 @entity1 (50 %) an extrapulmonary manifestation was present. All isolates of @entity2499 were resistant to @entity5585 , one isolate had an additional resistance to @entity21869 . In 6 out of 8 @entity1 prolonged tuberculostatic treatment of 8-12 months was recommended. CONCLUSIONS: the proportion of @entity378 caused by @entity2499 was higher than that reported for Germany (3.9 vs. 1,5%). Predominantly elderly @entity1 with risk factors for reactivation of a @entity9178 were affected. In accordance with the literature a high rate of extrapulmonary manifestations was detected. Because of the genetic resistance of @entity2499 to @entity5585 prolonged antimycobacterial treatment is recommended.

title: [Retrospective analysis of @entity378 caused by XXXX 2004-2008].

entities_list: @entity21869 :: ('CHEBI:6030', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazide']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity2497 :: (1765,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']


abstract: @entity7409 has emerged as one of the most common causes of @entity281 worldwide. The diagnosis of @entity3 etiological agents to the species level remains a laboratory and clinical challenge. Thus, specific monoclonal antibodies to detect @entity6923 and to identify Candida virulence factors and associated pathogenesis through immunohistochemistry would be very useful. Inbred Balb/c @entity19 were immunized with C. parapsilosis antigens, and blood was checked for the presence of reactive antibodies using ELISA. Fusion was performed using the harvested spleen cells and NS1 @entity1582 cells, and the clones were screened for the presence of antibody producing hybrid cells by dot-blot. The 1B11 clone secreted IgG2a monoclonal antibody that was reactive with the C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 59 kDa and cross-reacted with @entity9841 but not with other fungal and bacterial antigens tested. Another 3D1 clone secreted IgG1 monoclonal antibody that was reactive with C. parapsilosis antigen at MW of 30 kDa. The 3D1 monoclonal antibody was found to be species specific. @entity6923 in @entity35 was induced through intravenous injection of @entity7409 , and all the vital organs were collected for immunohistochemistry study. These monoclonal antibodies were reactive against surface epitopes on the @entity375 cells, pseudohyphae, and immune complexes in tissue sections. Sandwich ELISAs using these antibodies were developed and were able to detect circulating antigens in experimental @entity7553 in @entity35 at 0.2  g/ L. These monoclonal antibodies may have potential as primary capture antibodies for the development of rapid diagnostic test for @entity1 @entity364 .

title: Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Experimental systemic candidiasis', 'systemic candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis', 'C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis']

answer: @entity6923 :: (MESH:C536777,Disease) :: ['systemic candidiasis']