abstract: The extracellular levels of @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) were investigated by microdialysis, coupled with HPLC, in the ventral hippocampus of @entity35 during two 30-min exploration periods. Motor activity was monitored. During exploration I, an increase in motor activity associated with a 315% increase in @entity492 , 181% in @entity2227 , and 264% in @entity1617 levels, occurred during the first 10 min. The increase in @entity1246 level reached a maximum of 257% during the second 10 min. The neurotransmitter levels returned to basal values within 40 min. During exploration II, 1 h later, a smaller increase in neurotransmitter levels and motor activity was observed. In both explorations, the increase in neurotransmitter levels was completely abolished by 1 and 3 microM @entity4524 . A statistically significant relationship was found between neurotransmitter extracellular levels and motor activity, for @entity492 and @entity2227 in exploration I, and for @entity1617 in exploration I and II. In conclusion, exploratory activity is associated with or depends on the activation of neuronal systems in the ventral hippocampus releasing @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1246 , and @entity1617 . The activation is dampened by habituation.

title: Investigation on @entity934 , @entity492 , @entity2227 and @entity1246 extracellular levels from ventral hippocampus during repeated exploratory activity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Two hundred and three @entity1 with @entity30 seen at our clinics and affiliated centers from April 1973 to August 1988 were followed for 4.4 +/- 3.2 years (mean +/- SD), in order to evaluate the prognosis of @entity30 in Japan. These 203 @entity1 (142 males and 61 females) fulfilled the following criteria; 1) they have been followed at the outpatients clinic for more than six months or 2) they have been admitted to us for more than a month. Of these, 83 (40.9%) had @entity13570 , 60 (29.6%) @entity30 , 25 (12.3%) @entity1960 , 15 (7.5%) miscellaneous types and the remaining 20 (9.9%) had undergone bowel resection. Cumulative survival rate and cumulative probability of surgery were calculated by life table method. Cumulative survival rate in these @entity1 was compared with expected survival rate of sex and age matched general population. Cumulative survival rates five and ten years after diagnosis were 98.9% and 98.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in the survival rates between two groups. Cumulative probability of surgery five and ten years after onset of symptoms were 16.2% and 39.1%, respectively. Cumulative probability of surgery five and ten years after diagnosis were 25.9% and 46.9%, respectively. From these results, the prognosis of Japanese @entity1 with @entity30 appears to superior to that in European and American literatures.

title: [Long-term prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolitis', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare intravenous @entity1443 and intramuscular @entity1340 as labor analgesics. METHODS: This prospective-randomized study conducted in 200 primigravidae in active labor, distributed into two groups of 100 @entity1 each with one receiving intravenous 1,000  mg @entity1443 and other 100  mg intramuscular @entity1340 . @entity158 intensity is recorded by McGills scale before, one and 3  h after drug administration. Perinatal outcome is recorded. RESULTS: No difference in @entity158 intensity is seen before drug administration. After 1  h of drug administration, in @entity1443 group, 4  % @entity1 had @entity158 , and 29  % had distressing @entity158 , while in @entity1340 group, 30  % @entity1 had @entity158 , and 60  % had distressing @entity158 . After 3  h of drug administration, in @entity1443 group, 26  % had distressing @entity158 , while in @entity1340 group, 51  % @entity1 had @entity158 , and 35  % had distressing @entity158 . Labor duration in @entity1443 and @entity1340 group was 4.3 and 5.9  h, respectively. In @entity1443 group, @entity390 is seen in 2.2  % and @entity391 in 1.1  %, while in @entity1340 group, @entity390 is seen in 6.4  % and @entity391 in 4.3  %. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity1443 is more effective labor analgesic with fewer @entity4237 as compared to intramuscular @entity1340 .

title: Intravenous XXXX infusion versus intramuscular @entity1340 as an intrapartum labor analgesic.

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4237 :: ('MESH:D000160', 'Disease') :: ['maternal adverse effects and shortens labor']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'horrible pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['paracetamol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 142 Background: Regional, state, and local variations in @entity5 care necessitate a more thorough understanding of the key drivers of quality at these levels. In this study, Avalere sought to understand how local quality and @entity283 ( @entity283 ) infrastructures may influence the quality of care to which a @entity5 @entity1 has access. METHODS: Avalere conducted an analysis of the primary influencers of quality and value in each state, cataloguing over 500 public and private quality improvement organizations, including payers; employer groups; and hospitals and alternative care delivery models, such as accountable care organizations and @entity1 -centered medical homes, among others. Recognizing the critical role that @entity283 ( @entity283 ) plays in underpinning quality improvement efforts, Avalere also catalogued the primary @entity283 organizations in each state. From this, Avalere conducted a sub-analysis of those initiatives with a specific focus on @entity5 care to determine how the number of @entity5 -related initiatives relates to the sophistication of a region's or state's quality and @entity283 sophistication. RESULTS: Avalere found that the sophistication of the quality and @entity283 varied widely from state-to-state and region-to-region, with some areas being significantly less developed than others. Similarly, the number of @entity5 -related quality initiatives also varied widely, with fewer initiatives found in areas with less sophisticated quality and @entity283 . In addition, major urban areas tend to have significantly more sophisticated infrastructures-and an associated higher number of @entity5 -related initiatives-than non-urban areas, regardless of regional or state quality or @entity283 trends, more generally. CONCLUSIONS: While national quality improvement efforts receive the most media attention and funding, @entity1 care, including @entity5 care, is delivered at the local level. As such, in order to improve the quality and value of care @entity5 @entity1 receive, it is imperative to understand and improve local quality and @entity283 and the barriers to quality associated therewith. This is particularly important in locales without major urban access, such as found in large parts of the Midwest and West.

title: Understanding the drivers of XXXX care at the regional, state, and local levels.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HIT', 'health information technology', 'HIT infrastructures']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity19278 is the association of @entity6 and @entity1952 , also called @entity19278 ( @entity2010 , @entity6 , @entity1952 and @entity2319 ). Incomplete characterisation has caused diagnostic @entity911 ; we therefore undertook a nation-wide cross-sectional case finding study. We identified 45 @entity1 with @entity19278 , median age 29 years. All @entity1 fulfilled the ascertainment criteria ( @entity1723 and @entity1952 ). @entity1952 presented in 38 @entity1 with reduced visual acuity and colour vision defect (median age 11 years), progressing to visual acuity of 6/60 or less in 35 @entity1 (median time 8 years, range 1-25 years). Visual field examinations recorded before acuity deteriorated showed @entity1019 with peripheral constriction. Blind @entity1 had absent pupillary reflexes. @entity346 was seen in @entity1 with other signs of @entity2746 . There was no @entity1105 ; only 3 @entity1 had background @entity6 , despite a median duration of @entity6 of 24 years. Electroretinography was normal in 3 @entity1 and showed reduced amplitude in 3 @entity1 ; visual evoked responses were abnormal (10/10 @entity1 : reduced amplitude to both flash and pattern stimulation). Magnetic resonance imaging showed generalised @entity1010 with reduced signal from the optic nerves and chiasm. A postmortem brain specimen from one @entity1 revealed @entity1952 , chiasm, cerebellum and brainstem. We found no evidence of mitochondrial genome defects or rearrangements. This @entity74 presents with @entity6 and progressive @entity1952 , probably due to pathology in the optic nerve.

title: XXXX in @entity19278 .

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of the optic nerves', 'Optic atrophy', 'optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity19278 :: ('MESH:D014929', 'Disease') :: ['Wolfram syndrome', 'DIDMOAD']

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentary retinal dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile onset diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['primary neurogenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Horizontal nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['central scotomas']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1952 :: (MESH:D009896,Disease) :: ['Optic atrophy']


abstract: AIMS: @entity1 -centered medical home (PCMH) principles including provider continuity, coordination of care, and advanced access align with healthcare needs of @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 -II). We investigate changes in trend for @entity3918 -II quality indicators after PCMH implementation at Southcentral Foundation, a tribal health organization in Alaska. METHODS: Monthly rates of @entity3918 -II incidence, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurements, and service utilization were calculated from electronic health records from 1996 to 2009. We performed interrupted time series analysis to estimate changes in trend. RESULTS: Rates of new @entity3918 -II diagnoses were stable prior to (p=0.349) and increased after implementation (p<0.001). @entity3918 -II rates of HbA1c screening increased, though not significantly, before (p=0.058) and remained stable after implementation (p=0.969). There was non-significant increasing trend in both periods for percent with average HbA1c less than 7% (53mmol/mol; p=0.154 and p=0.687, respectively). Number of emergency visits increased before (p<0.001) and decreased after implementation (p<0.001). Number of inpatient days decreased in both periods, but not significantly (p=0.058 and p=0.101, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We found positive changes in @entity3918 -II quality trends following PCMH implementation of varying strength and onset of change, as well as duration of sustained trend.

title: Medical home implementation and trends in @entity6 measures for AN/AI primary care XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: While nasopharyngeal sampling is the gold standard for the detection of @entity328 carriage, historically seen, saliva sampling also seems highly sensitive for pneumococcal detection. We investigated @entity2260 carriage in saliva from fifty schoolchildren by conventional and molecular methods. Saliva was first culture-enriched for pneumococci, after which, DNA was extracted from all bacterial growth and tested by quantitative-PCR (qPCR) for pneumococcus-specific genes lytA and piaA. Next, serotype composition of the samples was determined by serotype-specific qPCRs, conventional-PCRs (cPCR) and sequencing of cPCR amplicons. Although only 2 (4%) of 50 samples were positive by conventional diagnostic culture, 44 (88%) were positive for pneumococci by qPCR. In total, we detected the presence of at least 81 pneumococcal strains representing 20 serotypes in samples from 44 carriers with 23 carriers (52%) positive for multiple (up to 6) serotypes. The number of serotypes detected per sample correlated with pneumococcal abundance. This study shows that saliva could be used as a tool for future pneumococcal surveillance studies. Furthermore, high rates of pneumococcal carriage and co-carriage of multiple pneumococcal strains together with a large number of serotypes in circulation suggests a ubiquitous presence of @entity2260 in saliva of school-aged @entity1 . Our results also suggest that factors promoting pneumococcal carriage within individual hosts may weaken competitive interactions between @entity2260 strains.

title: XXXX in saliva of Dutch primary school @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']


abstract: @entity1003 manifests as a hypocoagulable state associated with @entity2332 , @entity520 , and coagulation factor dilution. The diagnosis must be made clinically because traditional coagulation tests are neither sensitive nor specific and take too long to be used for intraoperative monitoring. We hypothesized that the activated coagulation time (ACT) would reflect the @entity3459 status of traumatized @entity1 and would become elevated as coagulation reserves become exhausted. A prospective protocol was used to study 31 victims of major @entity130 who underwent immediate surgical Intervention. Victims of major @entity542 were excluded and @entity1 were selected at random over an 8-month period. At least two serial intraoperative blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals via indwelling arterial catheters. A Hemochron model 801 coagulation monitor was used to measure the ACT. Of the 31 @entity1 studied, 7 became clinically coagulopathic and 24 did not. The ACT measurements of coagulopathic and noncoagulopathic @entity130 @entity1 were significantly different by multiple statistical comparisons. Both groups differed from normal, nontraumatized @entity1 . The coagulopathic @entity130 @entity1 had significantly elevated values when compared with other @entity130 @entity1 or to normal values. We conclude that a low ACT reflects the @entity49 associated with major @entity130 and an elevated ACT is an objective indicator that the coagulation system reserve is near exhaustion. An elevated ACT may represent an indication for considering damage control maneuvers or more aggressive resuscitation.

title: Intraoperative detection of XXXX using the activated coagulation time.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['initial hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['global coagulation']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['traumatic coagulopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A bolus of 7.5% @entity1219 -6% Dextran 70 ( @entity22945 ) is effective in resuscitating @entity1457 . Common hemodynamic findings with @entity22945 are restoration of cardiac output, increased blood pressure, and improvement of peripheral circulation. However, the effect of @entity22945 upon cardiac function is still controversial. In our previous study, when @entity22945 did not improve cardiac contractility, it was speculated that it might affect cardiac diastolic function without a change in contractility. Therefore, we studied the effects of @entity22945 on cardiac diastolic function. METHODS: @entity548 was created by exsanguination of 31.4 +/- 0.9 ml/kg ( @entity7031 group) or 29.0 +/- 3.6 ml/kg ( @entity22945 group). Then mean BP was maintained at 50 mm Hg for 30 min in both groups. The @entity22945 group (n = 6) received @entity22945 (4 ml/kg) and the @entity7031 (control) group (n = 5) received normal saline (40 ml/kg) after the shock. Cardiac diastolic functions were measured in both groups using the peak negative dP/dt and the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) during the experimental period: before shock, immediately, and 2 h after resuscitation. RESULTS: Hemodynamic parameters in both groups demonstrated similar changes throughout the experimental period. The peak negative dP/dt, stiffness constant, and elasticity obtained by EDPVR did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity22945 seems to be an effective resuscitation fluid after @entity548 because the volume of @entity22945 required to maintain circulation is significantly smaller than that of normal saline. However, our data revealed that @entity22945 does not change cardiac diastolic function after @entity548 .

title: Effects of hypertonic saline and dextran 70 on cardiac diastolic function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In the duodenal content reflux model of @entity35 , we noted an elevation of serum @entity6741 and swelling of the thyroid gland. This study was designed to elucidate whether @entity3645 ( @entity7902 ) also enhance thyroid function. METHODS: In varying lengths of period after esophago-jejunostomy without gastrectomy, which causes duodenal content reflux, @entity35 were sacrificed and blood samples were taken from the heart for analyses of @entity7902 and @entity1954 (T3), @entity1955 (T4), free T3 (fT3), free T4 (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the serum. RESULTS: Macroscopically, at 10 and 30 weeks after operation, thyroid glands in the reflux model showed a symmetric enlargement because of the presence of @entity1184 of the thyroid follicular epithelium. At both time points, no significant differences were detected in T3, T4, fT3, and fT4 levels between the reflux model and the control group, whereas, at 10 weeks after operation, the animals with the reflux showed significantly lower serum TSH levels and greater thyroid weight than those in the control group. An inverse correlation between serum @entity7902 and TSH levels was noted in the reflux model but not in the control group. Microscopically, thyroid follicles were greater in size and number, with paler colloids in the reflux model than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that high serum @entity7902 cause @entity1373 of the thyroid follicles and the reduction of TSH. The effects of @entity7902 on thyroid hormones, thus, include the induction of overall @entity1378 . Therefore, the strict monitoring of serum TSH levels is of vital importance if @entity7902 are used for the treatment of @entity28 .

title: High serum @entity3645 cause XXXX and goiter.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: The hrcA gene of @entity3881 codes for a transcriptional repressor protein that negatively regulates expression of the heptacistronic dnaK and the bicistronic groE operon by binding to an operator-element called CIRCE. Recently, we have published data suggesting that the activity of HrcA is modulated by the GroE chaperonin system. Biochemical analyses of the HrcA protein have been hampered so far by its strong tendency to aggregate. Here, a genetic method was used to isolate mutant forms of HrcA with increased activity under conditions of decreased GroE function. One of these mutant forms (HrcA114) containing five @entity535 replacements exhibited enhanced solubility when overexpressed. HrcA114 purified under native conditions produced two retarded CIRCE-containing DNA fragments in band shift experiments. The amount of the larger fragment increased after addition of GroEL, GroES, and @entity855 but decreased when @entity855 was replaced by the nonhydrolyzable @entity855 analog ATPgammaS. DNase I footprinting experiments exhibited full protection of the CIRCE element and neighboring @entity2036 in an asymmetric way. An in vitro binding assay using affinity chromatography showed direct and specific interaction between HrcA114 and GroEL. All these experimental data are in full agreement with our previously published model that HrcA needs the GroE chaperonin system for activation.

title: Isolation and analysis of mutant alleles of the XXXX HrcA repressor with reduced dependency on GroE function.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity3881 :: (1423,Species) :: ['Bacillus subtilis']


abstract: Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays are used to map H3 and H4 acetylation over the promoter nucleosomes and the coding region of the @entity375 @entity11609 gene, under repressed and derepressed conditions, using wild type and mutant strains. In wild type cells, a high level of H3 acetylation at the distal end of the promoter drops sharply toward the proximal nucleosome that covers the TATA box, a gradient that become even steeper on derepression. In contrast, substantial H4 acetylation shows no such gradient and extends into the coding region. Overall levels of both H3 and H4 acetylation rise on derepression. Mutation of GCN5 or @entity28328 lead to substantially reduced @entity11609 expression; in gnc5 there is no reduction in basal H3 acetylation, but large reductions occur on derepression. @entity28328 mutation has little effect on H3 acetylation, so SAGA and SWI/SNF recruitment seem to be independent events. H4 acetylation is little affected by either GCN5 or @entity28328 mutation. In a double @entity28328 /gcn5 mutant (very low @entity11609 expression), H3 acetylation is at the minimal level, but H4 acetylation remains largely unaffected. Transcription is thus linked to H3 but not H4 acetylation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that @entity15434 is evenly distributed over the four promoter nucleosomes in repressed wild type cells but redistributes upstream on derepression, a movement probably linked to its conversion from a repressor to an activator.

title: A short-range gradient of histone H3 acetylation and XXXX redistribution at the promoter of the @entity375 @entity11609 gene.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity15434 :: (850445(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Tup1p']


abstract: This study evaluated whether a new generation antioxidant @entity723 derived from the grape seed proanthocyanidins, could reduce the induction of the adhesion molecules as a result of inflammatory response in the plasma of @entity785 ( @entity785 ) @entity1 . @entity785 @entity1 were divided into two groups: one group was treated with @entity723 , a grape seed-derived @entity16377 , while the other group served as control. @entity1 were given @entity723 100 mg/day orally for one month after which the blood samples were withdrawn from both groups of the @entity1 . Blood was also taken from normal @entity1 volunteers. Plasma was obtained in fasting state between 8 to 9 A.M. from two groups of @entity785 @entity1 and controls. Soluble adhesion molecules including @entity2071 , @entity4725 , @entity4105 and @entity8729 as well as @entity1234 , a marker for oxidative stress, were measured. The results of our study demonstrated up-regulation of these soluble adhesion molecules except for @entity8729 , in the plasma of the @entity785 @entity1 compared to those obtained from @entity1 volunteers. @entity723 significantly attenuated the increased expression of these adhesion molecules. In addition, there was a significant increase in the amount of @entity1234 formation in the plasma of the @entity785 @entity1 , which was also attenuated by @entity723 . The results of this study demonstrated that @entity723 could reduce the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress developed in @entity785 @entity1 .

title: @entity723 , a grape seed-derived proanthocyanidin extract, reduces plasma levels of oxidative stress and adhesion molecules ( @entity2071 , @entity4725 and @entity4105 ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16377 :: ('MESH:D044945', 'Chemical') :: ['proanthocyanidins']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonaldehyde', 'malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Importance: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) should be explored as a therapeutic option in eyes with angle closure. Objective: To assess the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of SLT in eyes with primary angle closure (PAC) and @entity2747 ( @entity2747 ). Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Randomized clinical trial at tertiary eye care institutions of 100 @entity1 diagnosed as having PAC or @entity2747 in which the angles had opened at least 180   (visible posterior trabecular meshwork on gonioscopy) after laser iridotomy. Recruitment and baseline  were completed from June 2009 to April 2012 and 6-month follow-up was completed from December 2009 to November 2012. Interventions: Eligible @entity1 with a baseline IOP greater than 21 mm Hg were randomized to either SLT or @entity3009 analog ( @entity6987 ; travoprost, 0.004%). The SLT was repeated if the IOP reduction was less than 20.0% from baseline at the 1- or 3-month follow-up visit. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome measure was the change in IOP from baseline to the final follow-up visit (at 6 months). The frequency of additional postoperative treatments and complications were secondary outcomes. Results: Fifty @entity1 (96 eyes) were randomized to SLT and 50 @entity1 (99 eyes) to @entity6987 medical therapy. At 6 months, 49 @entity1 in the SLT group and 47 in the @entity6987 group completed follow-up. Analysis was based on intent to treat. At 6 months, IOP decreased by 4.0 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.2-4.8) in the SLT group (P   <   .001) and by 4.2 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.5-4.9) in the @entity6987 group (P   <   .001). There were no differences between the SLT and @entity6987 groups in the absolute mean reduction of IOP (4.0 vs 4.2 mm Hg, respectively; P   =   .78) or in the percentage of reduction in IOP (16.9% vs 18.5%, respectively; P   =   .52). Complete success (IOP  <=21 mm Hg without medications) was achieved in 60.0% eyes of the SLT group, compared with 84.0% of eyes in the @entity6987 group (P   =   .008). No @entity1 required @entity726 surgery. Additional medications were required in 22.0% of @entity1 in the SLT group compared with 8.0% in the @entity6987 group (P   =   .05). One @entity1 in the SLT group (2.0%) had a transient posttreatment IOP spike greater than 5 mm Hg. The mean endothelial cell count showed a significant decrease from baseline in the SLT arm (4.8% decrease; P   =   .001). No other events such as persistent @entity1596 or increase in @entity1897 were noted in eyes that underwent SLT. Two @entity1 in the @entity6987 group exited owing to @entity532 (1 @entity1 with @entity1596 and 1 with @entity56 ). Conclusions and Relevance: Eyes with PAC or @entity2747 respond to SLT in the short term, but the overall long-term therapeutic effectiveness needs further evaluation. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01004900.

title: Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Primary XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['drug-related complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral anterior synechiae']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['PACG', 'PAC glaucoma']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) is a   @entity9413 antifungal drug and is reported to be one of a few reagents having therapeutic   effects on @entity1579 , that is, a delay in the appearance of clinical signs and   prolongation of the survival time in an animal model. In @entity1579 , glial cells have   been suggested to play important roles; however, the therapeutic mechanism of @entity11015 on @entity1579 remains elusive. We have previously reported that @entity11015 changed the expression of neurotrophic factors in microglia and astrocytes (Motoyoshi et al., 2008, Neurochem. Int. 52, 1290-1296; Motoyoshi-Yamashiro et al., 2013, ibid. 63, 93-100). These results suggested that neurotrophic factors derived from glial cells might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism of @entity11015 . In the present study, we examined immunohistochemically the effects of @entity11015 on the expression of neurotrophic factors in the @entity35 brain. We found that direct injection of @entity11015 into the striatum significantly enhanced the expression of @entity10157 protein. @entity2379 also increased the expressions of @entity19465 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, markers of microglia and astrocytes, respectively. Moreover, expressions of the two neurotrophic factors by @entity11015 were co-localized with the expression of @entity19465 or glial fibrillary acidic protein. These results suggest that @entity11015 in vivo might also activate glial cells and induce the production of neurotrophic factors protecting neurons in @entity1579 .

title: @entity2379 induces @entity10157 in the XXXX   brain.

entities_list: @entity9413 :: ('CHEBI:48121', 'Chemical') :: ['polyene']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the appearance of the @entity1411 in asymptomatic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one asymptomatic subjects were examined by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. @entity1411 was evaluated for @entity121 , echogenicity, vascularity on power Doppler, @entity397 , fluid adjacent to the fascia, andcalcifications. RESULTS: The study included 14 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 (age, 17-79 years; mean, 45 years). The mean @entity121 of the @entity1411 in @entity1 was 3.7 mm (range 2.5-7 mm), and in @entity1 3.5 mm (range, 1.7-5.1 mm). The @entity121 was greater than 4 mm in 4 @entity1 (bilateral in 2). The mean @entity121 of fascias thicker than 4 mm in @entity1 was 5.4 mm (range, 4.3-7 mm). The @entity121 was greater than 4 mm in 5 @entity1 ( bilateral in 4). The mean @entity121 of fascias thicker than 4 mm in @entity1 was 4.7 mm (range, 4.2-5.1 mm). There was no statistically significant difference between @entity1 and @entity1 and between both heels. Hypoechogenicity was observed in 3 @entity1 (bilateral in 2), and in 5 @entity1 (bilateral in 6). Hypervascularity, @entity397 , fluid adjacent to the fascia, and @entity730 were not observed. CONCLUSION: A @entity121 greater than 4 mm and hypoechogenicity, are common in the @entity1411 of asymptomatic subjects. Findings that were not seen in asymptomatic subjects include a @entity121 greater than 7 mm, hypervascularity on power Doppler, @entity397 , fluid adjacent to the fascia, and @entity730 .

title: Sonographic evaluation of the XXXX in asymptomatic subjects.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar fascia', 'The plantar fascia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness']

answer: @entity1411 :: (MESH:D016523,Disease) :: ['plantar fascia']


abstract: The management of inoperable @entity674 (GIST) of the stomach sed to be a formidable task. We report our success with the use of @entity2213 in treating a @entity1 with huge @entity674 complicated by @entity12322 after an unsuccessful laparotomy. The @entity1 was a 49-year-old @entity1 who presented to our center with a painful epigastric mass in December 2001. Endoscopy, biopsy, and magnetic resonance scan confirmed that it was a @entity5 arising from the gastric fundus. Laparotomy with an intention to resect the @entity5 was performed in view of the obstructing symptoms. However, massive @entity548 was encountered during dissection of the @entity5 and gastrectomy was abandoned. The case was further complicated with the development of a @entity12322 in the early postoperative period. The @entity1 ws then managed with naso-duodenal tube feeding and enteral @entity2213 was prescribed. The @entity292 healed up in 20 days and the mass became impalpable 1 month afterwards. Follow-up computed tonography (CT) scan 3 months later confirmed significant @entity5 reduction, and the @entity1 has experienced no side effects from the treatment

title: XXXX ( @entity2213 ) heals a @entity12322 resulting from a malignant gastric @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant stromal tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GIST of the stomach', 'giant malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity12322 :: ('MESH:C535651', 'Disease') :: ['gastrocutaneous fistula']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1511 is a significant health burden in the Third world. @entity378 and its complications are on the increase because of the @entity645 / @entity791 challenge. The aim of this study was to review the @entity1 managed for @entity1511 at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 seen at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital between January 1999 and December 2002 with @entity378 of the spine. @entity1 case notes were reviewed after collating out-and-in- @entity1 records. Analysis was done using multiway frequency tables. RESULTS: There were 16 males and 18 females, with a ratio of 1:1.1. Their ages ranged from 3.3 to 82 years with an average of 31.1. Peak ages of occurrence were the 3rd and 4th decades. Eighteen @entity1 (52.9%) presented within the first 6 months of symptoms. The most frequent presenting symptoms were @entity615 , @entity353 , difficulty with walking, low grade fever, and night sweats. The most frequent signs were gibbus and lower limb @entity912 . The most common association was pulmonary tuberculous (32.4%). The thoracic spine was mostly affected, followed by the lumbar spine. Wedge collapse of the vertebrae was the common radiological finding. Twenty two @entity1 had multilevel affection. Twenty @entity1 (71%) had a lymphocyte differential of more than 45%, 87% had erythrocyte sedimentation rate of over 20 mm/hr. Westergren, and Mantoux test was positive in 55 percent of the @entity1 . Twelve @entity1 had outpatient treatment and 22 had in- @entity1 treatment. Duration of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 157 days with an average of 62.6 days. All the @entity1 had standard combination antituberculosis therapy. No @entity1 had surgery for @entity1511 . Outcome of treatment was good (68.2%). Follow up was poor with a high default rate. There were 3 mortalities (8.8%). CONCLUSION: @entity245 partly due to lack of experience makes a high index of suspicion necessary to make a diagnosis. Outcome utilizing conservative methods of treatment is good.

title: Conservative management of XXXX in a developing country.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Diagnostic delays']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous spondylitis', 'Tuberculous spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1511 :: (MESH:D013166,Disease) :: ['tuberculous spondylitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the impact of @entity263 and its treatments on @entity1 ' perceptions of their health and to better understand concerns not captured by currently available health-related quality of life (HRQL) instruments. @entity1 AND METHODS: Open ended one-on-one interviews were conducted with @entity1 with @entity263 who had biochemical failure or metastatic @entity5 to understand the impacts of disease and treatments on @entity1 ' perceptions of their lives. Interviews with 25 @entity1 (7 biochemical failure and 18 metastatic) and 6 clinicians were conducted. @entity1 responses were analyzed to assess whether information saturation (ie, the point at which no new information is collected) was attained and compared with currently available HRQL instruments. The data informed the development of a comprehensive conceptual model illustrating the impacts of @entity1442 and treatments. Clinical expert interviews also informed the conceptual model. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity263 reported many of the key symptoms already captured by current measures, such as @entity158 , urinary functioning, bowel functioning, and fatigue. However, a number of impacts reported as bothersome by @entity1 were identified that are not fully captured by existing HRQL measures. Specific examples include @entity194 , @entity2057 , stamina, body image, and emotional well-being. CONCLUSION: The conceptual model identified herein describes the impacts of @entity263 and its treatments from the @entity1 's perspective. The model can be useful in identifying key concepts important to @entity1 that should be measured in trials to capture treatment benefits. The model also can help inform the selection of @entity1 -reported outcomes to assess these benefits.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in XXXX and Its Treatments: Biochemical Failure and Metastatic Disease Populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'advanced prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['genital atrophy']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Advanced Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With strict adherence to international recommended treatment guidelines, the case @entity3329 for severe @entity3147 ought to be less than 5%. In African hospitals, @entity3329 rates of 20% are common and are often attributed to poor training and faulty case management. Improving outcome will depend upon the identification of those at greatest risk and targeting limited health resources. We retrospectively examined the major risk factors associated with early (<48 h) and late in-hospital @entity204 in @entity1 with severe @entity3147 with the aim of identifying admission features that could distinguish a high-risk group in relation to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Of 920 @entity1 in the study, 176 (19%) died, with 59 (33%) deaths occurring within 48 h of admission. @entity582 complicated 27% of all deaths: 52% died before 48 h despite 85% in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of cultured organisms. The sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio of the WHO-recommended "danger signs" (lethargy, @entity2332 , or hypoglycaemia) to predict early mortality was 52%, 84%, and 3.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2 to 5.1), respectively. In addition, four bedside features were associated with early case @entity3329 : @entity1168 , capillary refill time greater than 2 s, weak pulse volume, and impaired consciousness level; the presence of two or more features was associated with an odds ratio of 9.6 (95% CI = 4.8 to 19) for early @entity3329 (p < 0.0001). Conversely, the group of @entity1 without any of these seven features, or signs of @entity2700 , severe @entity520 , or electrolyte derangements, had a low @entity3329 (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Formal assessment of these features as emergency signs to improve triage and to rationalize manpower resources toward the high-risk groups is required. In addition, basic clinical research is necessary to identify and test appropriate supportive treatments.

title: XXXX with severe @entity3147 : can those at highest risk of @entity204 be identified with the WHO protocol?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['Bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term outcomes of @entity5648 stenting in femoropopliteal lesions and to determine the factors associated with @entity256 . METHODS: Between December 2003 and December 2009, 861 @entity1 (603 @entity1 ; mean age 72 years) underwent @entity5648 stenting of the femoropopliteal segment in 1017 limbs. A quarter (26%) of the @entity1 had @entity63 . Mean lesion length was 152  93 mm. Stent patency was assessed by either duplex ultrasound or angiography and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier estimation. The determinants of @entity256 were explored with Cox proportional hazard regression analyses; the results are presented as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Risk stratification of primary patency was subsequently analyzed using a score based on the significant prognostic factors identified in the multivariate model. RESULTS: Stent @entity174 occurred in 10% (104 limbs) of the lesions. At 1, 3, and 6 years, the primary patency rates were 77%, 67%, and 63%; secondary patency rates were 91%, 87%, and 87%; freedom from femoropopliteal bypass grafting was 99%, 97%, and 96%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified female gender (HR 1.899; 95% CI 1.318 to 2.737, p<0.001), ankle-brachial index <0.6 (HR 1.921; 95% CI 1.348 to 2.736, p<0.001), TASC II C/D lesion (HR 2.068; 95% CI 1.346 to 3.177, p=0.0009), stent @entity174 (HR 1.937; 95% CI 1.203 to 3.118, p=0.006), and the absence of @entity1924 administration (HR 2.102; 95% CI 1.394 to 3.172, p<0.001) as strong independent factors associated with @entity256 . After assigning a risk score based on the outcomes of the multivariate regression analysis (1 each for female gender, ABI <0.6, TASC II C/D, stent @entity174 , and absence of @entity1924 therapy), primary patency was found to be lower in limb groups with a higher cumulative score (12-month primary patency: score 0: 93%, score 1: 80%, score 2: 73%, score 3; 47%, score 4: 0%, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Endovascular therapy using @entity5648 stents for FP lesions yielded acceptable outcomes up to 6 years. Risk stratification for patency can play an important role in estimating future occurrence of @entity256 after @entity5648 stent implantation in FP lesions.

title: Long-term outcomes and risk stratification of patency following XXXX stenting in the femoropopliteal segment: retrospective multicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity1924 :: ('MESH:C045645', 'Chemical') :: ['cilostazol']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: PURPOSE: Renal vasoconstriction with resultant tissue @entity519 , especially in the renal medulla, has been suggested to play a role in contrast media (CM)-induced @entity8 . Endothelin (ET) is released into the blood stream following CM injection and has been proposed as a potential mediator through its vasoconstrictive properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: To investigate the possible protective influence of ET-receptor antagonists against CM-induced reduction in renal function, we studied the effects of injection of @entity16940 with and without pretreatment with @entity11344 ( @entity11081 antagonist) or @entity11345 ( @entity10932 antagonist) on renal superficial cortical flow (CBF), @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and outer medullary @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) in normal @entity35 . RESULTS: Administration of CM (1600 mg I/kg b.w.) did not affect CBF in any of the groups. However, a transient decrease in @entity450 occurred, which was unaffected by both @entity11344 and @entity11345 . Also a transient decrease in outer medullary @entity4095 was induced by CM administration. The @entity4095 reduction was significantly smaller after pretreatment with @entity11344 , than after injection of CM alone or together with @entity11345 , and @entity4095 returned more rapidly to the control level. Neither receptor antagonist had an effect on CM-mediated increases in electrolyte excretion. CONCLUSION: In the normal @entity35 , activation of @entity11081 receptors is partly involved in the @entity308 of outer medullary @entity4095 caused by injection of @entity16940 . However, the decrease in @entity450 after @entity16940 injection is not mediated by ET receptors. The beneficial effects of the @entity11081 receptor antagonist on CM-induced changes in outer medullary @entity4095 seem therefore not primarily mediated on the hemodynamic level but may rather involve tubular transport mechanisms.

title: XXXX receptor antagonist @entity11344 prevents radiocontrast media-induced @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity16940 :: ('MESH:C038192', 'Chemical') :: ['iopromide']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['OMBF', 'outer medullary blood flow']

answer: @entity11081 :: (24326(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Et-A']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A congenital short QT interval constitutes a new primary electrical abnormality associated with @entity1163 and/or @entity1164 . We report on the initial use of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapy in @entity1 with @entity74 and discuss sensing abnormalities and detection issues. METHODS AND RESULTS: In five consecutive @entity1 from two unrelated European families who had structurally normal hearts, excessively shortened QT intervals, and a strong positive family history of @entity1164 , ICDs were placed for primary and secondary prevention. Mean QT intervals were 252 +/- 13 ms (QTc 287 +/- 13 ms). Despite normal sensing behavior during intraoperative and postoperative device testing, 3 of 5 @entity1 experienced inappropriate shock therapies for T wave oversensing 30 +/- 26 days after implantation. Programming lower sensitivities and @entity1547 prevented further inappropriate discharges. CONCLUSION: The @entity12396 constitutes a new clinical entity with an increased risk for @entity1164 . Currently, @entity737 treatment is the only therapeutic option. In @entity1 with @entity1162 , increased risk for inappropriate therapy is inherent due to the detection of short-coupled and prominent T waves. Careful testing of @entity737 function and adaptation of sensing levels and @entity1547 without sacrificing correct @entity943 detection are essential.

title: @entity12396 and XXXX treatment: inherent risk for inappropriate shock delivery.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12396 :: ('MESH:C566506', 'Disease') :: ['congenital short QT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['decay delays']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited short QT interval']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['short QT interval and implanted ICD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter defibrillator']


abstract: Since 1978 gamma irradiation has been used for sterilization of bone allografts. The radiation source used was Co 60 (2.5 to 3 megarads). Which was applied at the Atomic Centre of Saclay. The technique of sterilization is absolutely reliable at relatively low cost. It allows pieces of bone from cadavers to be harvested several hours after @entity204 , without special aseptic precautions. It appears to diminish antigenicity of the graft very little and incorporation is perhaps slowed down. The grafts did not become radioactive. The graft is carefully packed and frozen as soon as it is taken from the cadaver. Freezing is continued during the irradiation process and the graft may then be stored for several months. This technique was used for reconstruction after @entity5 resection twice in the knee, once in the pelvis and once in the fibula. There was no @entity86 . Scintigraphy showed satisfactory incorporation. In one case of replacement of the femoral condyle the cartilage of the graft was replaced by the intact articular cartilage of the @entity1 . Later, this articular cartilage was shown to be @entity39 and a total prosthesis was inserted. The fibular graft was secondarily complicated by a @entity174 . Sterilization using irradiation makes bone harvesting in cadavers easier and allows bone banks to be established. It should lead to more extensive use of allograft bone.

title: [Irradiation of bone homografts. Their use following XXXX resection. Apropos of 4 cases].

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors ( @entity442 and @entity5100 ) are necessary for normal growth and development. They are related structurally to proinsulin and promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, as well as insulin-like metabolic effects, in most cell types and tissues. In particular, IGFs are important for normal pre- and postnatal kidney development. @entity442 mediates many growth hormone actions, and both growth hormone @entity942 are associated with perturbed kidney function. IGFs affect renal hemodynamics both directly and indirectly by interacting with the renin-angiotensin system. In addition to the IGF ligands, the IGF system includes receptors for @entity442 , @entity5100 / @entity7788 , and insulin, and a family of 6 high-affinity IGF-binding proteins that modulate IGF action. Disordered regulation of the IGF system has been implicated in a number of @entity8 . IGF activity is enhanced in early @entity2316 and @entity8767 , whereas IGF resistance is found in @entity454 . IGFs have a potential role in enhancing stem cell repair of @entity8 . Most IGF actions are mediated by the @entity669 kinase @entity442 receptor, and inhibitors recently have been developed. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal role of IGF-based therapies in @entity8 .

title: Insulin-like Growth Factors and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney diseases', 'kidney injury', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity7788 :: ('MESH:C027693', 'Chemical') :: ['mannose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity8767 :: ('MESH:D007690', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidneys']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['excess and deficiency']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Faster resting heart rate (HR), which is associated with @entity32 and elevated @entity701 levels, is a risk factor for excess @entity65 and mortality. @entity28 is associated with increased @entity65 and mortality, @entity32 , and elevated @entity701 levels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of Body Mass Index (BMI) with @entity32 and @entity701 in modulating HR in older subjects. METHODS: We analyzed data of 895 @entity1 aged 65+ enrolled in the "InCHIANTI" study, in sinus rhythm, and not taking beta blockers or digoxin. Linear regression was performed to assess the adjusted association between HR, @entity650 , and @entity701 levels. The model was also analyzed stratifying for BMI tertiles. Logistic regression was adopted for evaluating the association of HR exceeding the mean value with @entity650 and serum @entity701 . RESULTS: According to multivariable linear regression, @entity650 and @entity701 levels were associated with HR (B = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.43-2.42; p = .005 and B = .34, 95% CI = 0.17-.51; p < .0001, respectively). The association was significant only among @entity1 in the highest BMI tertile (B = 4.16, 95% CI = 1.40-6.91; p = .003 for @entity650 and B = .57, 95% CI = 0.14-1.01; p = .010 for @entity701 ). Logistic regression confirmed that @entity650 and @entity701 levels were associated with HR above the mean value in the highest BMI tertile (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.15-3.97; p = .009 and OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.25; p = .009, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Faster HR is associated with proinflammatory state in elderly @entity1 ; this association seems to be limited to @entity1 with higher BMI.

title: Associations of Heart Rate With Inflammatory Markers Are Modulated by Gender and XXXX in Older Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: Oral contraception is the most widely used reversible contraceptive method. Continuous research over the past decades has led to a range of highly reliable, effective and safe oral contraceptives. Newly developed progestogens may also provide additional non-contraceptive health-related benefits that differentiate the products from each other. @entity1 desiring contraception may thus choose from a wide range of oral contraceptives according to their individual needs. A variety of physical and emotional changes have been linked to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. To date, only very few studies have been performed on the impact of fluid retention-related symptoms on well-being and few data are hence available on suggested methods of measurement. This open, multicenter, uncontrolled study evaluated the effects of a combined preparation containing 3 mg @entity4863 and 30 microg @entity2082 (Yasmin, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) on general well-being and fluid-related symptoms in @entity1 experiencing @entity458 , behavioral and somatic @entity1109 . The study was conducted over six 28-day cycles, with 336 subjects enrolled. A significant beneficial effect on @entity458 general well-being, as measured by the Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI), was evident by cycle 3 and maintained at cycle 6. There was a significant reduction in both the incidence and severity of somatic symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle (abdominal bloating and breast tension) during treatment. Assessment by the investigator showed that 80% of subjects had improved on study treatment and 75% of subjects considered themselves satisfied with the study treatment. There was good agreement between the clinician and subject in their assessment of the treatment. Cycle control was very good and body weight remained stable or decreased slightly during the study. In conclusion, 3 mg @entity4863 in combination with 30 microg @entity2082 has been shown to have a beneficial effect on @entity458 general well-being, as measured by the PGWBI. Reductions in the incidence and severity of somatic symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle were also observed, suggesting a beneficial effect due to the antimineralocorticoid nature of @entity4863 . To our knowledge, this is the first study on oral contraceptives which has used the PGWBI in this population. As quality of life is one of the least explored segments in oral contraceptive users, more studies should investigate the impact of oral contraceptives on quality of life and general well-being in this overall healthy population.

title: Effect of an oral contraceptive containing @entity4863 and XXXX on general well-being and fluid-related symptoms.

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4863 :: ('MESH:C035144', 'Chemical') :: ['drospirenone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinylestradiol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It has clearly been demonstrated that @entity308 constitute a major worldwide public health problem, with massive economic and quality-of-life consequences. Existing pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, with only about a third of @entity1 achieving remission on any one medication. Delayed onset of action and variable tolerability contribute to this limited efficacy. @entity57494 , introduced in the US in 2011, has been described as the first member of the @entity750 partial agonist-reuptake inhibitor (SPARI) class of medications, combining @entity750 -reuptake inhibition with 5-HT1A partial agonism. This agent could potentially have benefits for subgroups of @entity308 @entity1 , including @entity308 @entity1 with comorbid @entity148 and @entity1 with @entity148 , and might have fewer @entity458 than selective @entity750 -reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). AIMS: We reviewed existing clinical trials that assess the benefits of @entity57494 for treatment of @entity308 . EVIDENCE REVIEW: In clinical trials, including two Phase III studies and two Phase IV studies, @entity57494 has been shown to have efficacy greater than placebo on the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale, comparable efficacy to @entity837 , and continued benefit after 52 weeks of treatment. The safety profile for @entity57494 is comparable to other SSRI medications, and tolerability also appears generally comparable to other SSRI medications. PLACE IN THERAPY: @entity57494 , which has been described as the first-of-class SPARI medication, may potentially have benefits for subgroups of @entity1 , particularly those @entity308 individuals with coexisting @entity148 or @entity148 . However, convincing evidence for these benefits has as yet not been published.

title: XXXX for the treatment of @entity308 : an evidence-based review of its place in therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity57494 :: ('MESH:C494040', 'Chemical') :: ['vilazodone', 'Vilazodone']

answer: @entity57494 :: (MESH:C494040,Chemical) :: ['Vilazodone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of age on the outcomes of nonoperative management (NOM) of blunt @entity130 (BST). STUDY DESIGN: The records of @entity1 with BST, from July 2000 to December 2010 at a level I @entity130 center, were retrospectively reviewed using NTRACS (National @entity130 Registry of the American College of Surgeons). @entity1 were divided into 2 age groups: 17 to 55 years and greater than 55 years. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with failure of nonoperative management (FNOM). RESULTS: There were 539 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with BST who underwent NOM. Of these, 459 were age 55 or less, and 80 were greater than 55. Overall, there was no significant difference in FNOM rate for @entity1 age 55 or less vs greater than 55 (4% vs 5%, p = 0.73). This also held true when FNOM was analyzed by each grade: I (1% vs 3%, p = 0.38), II (2% vs 0%, p = 1.0), III (4% vs 0%, p = 1.0), IV (8% vs 20%, p = 0.33), and V (21% vs 50%, p = 0.47). The addition of angioembolization (AE) to high grade IV to V injuries significantly lowered the FNOM rate: age 55 or less (6% AE vs 28% NO-AE, p = 0.02); with a trend toward significance for age greater than 55 (0% AE vs 60% NO-AE, p = 0.2). Age was not a statistically significant independent risk factor for FNOM (p = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Age does not affect outcomes of NOM of BST. High grade (IV to V) injuries are not a contraindication to NOM for @entity1 older than 55. As experience with AE grows in @entity1 with high grade injury and age greater than 55, it may prove to be a valuable adjunct to NOM in this group of @entity1 .

title: Age does not affect outcomes of nonoperative management of blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic trauma', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['splenic trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assess the performance of prospectively assigned magnetic resonance imaging based Likert scale scores for the detection of clinically significant @entity263 , and analyze the pre-biopsy imaging variables associated with increased @entity5 detection using targeted magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective review of prospectively generated data including @entity1 with abnormal multiparametric prostate magnetic resonance imaging (at least 1 Likert score 3 or greater lesion) who underwent subsequent targeted magnetic resonance imaging-transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy, we determined the association between different imaging variables (Likert score, lesion size, lesion location, prostate volume, radiologist experience) and targeted biopsy positivity rate. We also compared the detection of clinically significant @entity5 according to Likert scale scores. @entity5 with high volume (50% or more of any core) Gleason score 3+4 or any @entity5 with greater Gleason score were considered clinically significant. Each lesion served as the elementary unit for analysis. We used logistic regression for univariate and multivariate (stepwise selection) analysis to assess for an association between targeted biopsy positivity rate and each tested variable. The relationship between Likert scale and Gleason score was evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. RESULTS: A total of 161 @entity1 with 244 lesions met the study eligibility criteria. Targeted biopsies diagnosed @entity5 in 41% (66 of 161) of the @entity1 and 41% (99 of 244) of the lesions. The Likert score was the strongest predictor of targeted biopsy positivity ( @entity36288 , p <0.0001). Other imaging findings associated with a  higher targeted biopsy positivity rate included smaller prostate volume (OR  0.7, p <0.01), larger lesion size (OR 2.2, p <0.001) and anterior location (OR  2.0, p=0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis Likert score, lesion size and prostate volume were significant predictors of targeted biopsy positivity. Higher Likert scores were also associated with increased detection of clinically significant @entity5 (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The Likert scale score used to convey the degree of suspicion on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging is the strongest predictor of targeted biopsy positivity and of the presence of clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Assessment of Prospectively Assigned Likert Scores for Targeted Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsies in XXXX with Suspected @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1920 cyclase toxin (CyaA) from @entity7320 can subvert host immune responses allowing bacterial colonization. Here we have examined its adjuvant and immunomodulatory properties and the possible contribution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), known to be present in purified CyaA preparations. CyaA enhanced antigen-specific interleukin-5 (IL-5) and @entity1618 production and immunoglobulin G1 antibodies to coadministered antigen in vivo. Antigen-specific CD4(+)-T-cell clones generated from @entity19 immunized with antigen and CyaA had cytokine profiles characteristic of @entity61 or type 1 regulatory T ( @entity59235 ) cells. Since innate immune cells direct the induction of T-cell subtypes, we examined the influence of CyaA on activation of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. CyaA significantly augmented LPS-induced IL-6 and @entity1618 and inhibited LPS-driven @entity5 necrosis factor alpha and IL-12p70 production from bone marrow-derived DC and macrophages. CyaA also enhanced cell surface expression of @entity8271 , @entity11787 , and major histocompatibility class II on immature DC. The stimulatory activity of our CyaA preparation for @entity1618 production and @entity8271 , @entity11787 , and major histocompatibility complex class II expression was attenuated following the addition of @entity6414 or with the use of DC from Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-defective @entity19 . However, treatment of DC with LPS alone at the concentration present in the CyaA preparation (0.2 ng/ml) failed to activate DC in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that activation of innate cells in vitro by CyaA is dependent on a second signal through a TLR and that CyaA can promote @entity61 / @entity59235 -cell responses by inhibiting IL-12 and promoting @entity1618 production by DC and macrophages.

title: XXXX cyclase toxin from @entity7320 synergizes with lipopolysaccharide to promote innate interleukin-10 production and enhances the induction of @entity61 and regulatory T cells.

entities_list: @entity7320 :: ('520', 'Species') :: ['Bordetella pertussis']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenylate']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['polymyxin B']

answer: @entity1920 :: (CHEBI:16027,Chemical) :: ['Adenylate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rhzinophyma is a benign inflammatory growth of the nose. It usually involves the caudal one-third of the nose in @entity1 . It not only affects the @entity1 's appearance, but also can have profound functional implications. Many difficult treatment methods have been advocated, often with acceptable success. Because there appears to be no distinct advantages in the different therapeutic modalities, no one modality is universally endorsed. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of @entity1 from 1990-2001 who underwent treatment of their @entity33974 at Louisiana State University, Health Science Center and Overton Brooks Veteran's Hospital in Shreveport, LA. The tumescent anesthesia. Weck blade excision and argon beam coagulator technique (TWA) was used on 51 @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity1 undergoing this technique have operating times no greater than ten minutes. The average @entity190 was less than 5cc. No surgical complications were noted. CONCLUSION: The TWA technique yields good cosmetic results and is cost-effective.

title: The AbCs of XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity33974 :: ('MESH:D012224', 'Disease') :: ['rhinophyma']

answer: @entity33974 :: (MESH:D012224,Disease) :: ['rhinophyma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poor compliance with evidence-based-medicine guidelines could significantly influence the effect of @entity64 prevention strategies. The objectives of this survey are to investigate the current status in Beijing of @entity385 / @entity4905 (transient @entity63 ) inpatients' adherence to the evidence-based-medicine secondary prevention and behavior modifications both at the discharge and at 90-day follow up. METHODS: The survey included @entity385 / @entity4905 @entity1 successively admitted from 1, Oct 2006 to 1, May 2007, used ACEI/ARB, Statin, anti-platelet agents therapy, accepted carotid endarterctomy or angioplasty or stent, and modified behaviors to stop smoking and control weight. Data of @entity1 during hospitalization were obtained from the medical documents in the inpatient department of 7 centers. The detailed information included the medicine therapy, lifestyle modifications, @entity1 ' social demographic background (age, sex, education and way of payment), major risk factors for @entity64 , and @entity63 event subtypes ( @entity4905 or @entity385 ). Above information of part of @entity1 were collected through telephone interview at 90-day follow-up if the @entity1 were not able to visit the clinic. RESULTS: 708 @entity385 / @entity4905 inpatients who didn't have contraindications were included. Among them, the patents who haven't used anti-platelet agents, nor taken statin, nor accepted ACEI/ARB were about 0.4%, 41.8% and 63.6% respectively. Neither 27% of the @entity1 have accepted the instructions on stop smoking. While about 588 @entity1 suitable to drug therapy were followed up at 90 days, but the percentage of these @entity1 who haven't compliance on anti-platelet agents, @entity1780 , ACEI/ARB was 26.9%, 52.6% and 59.4% respectively. Only 66.9% of the smoking @entity1 have received the doctor instructions on smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: @entity64 recurrence rate in China is higher than that of average figures in western countries. One of the key reasons of high recurrence of @entity64 in China is the poor adherence to @entity64 secondary prevention guidelines. Thus, investigate current status of secondary prevention among hospitals in capital of China and promote strategies to enhance the adherence to the guidelines and fill the gap between the clinical practice and evidence-based medicine in China, which is able to lower the @entity64 recurrence and save lives are urgently needed. Physician should take great care of the @entity1 's compliances on the evidenced-based-medicine secondary prevents and behavior modifications, and take effective measures to improve the compliances.

title: [A survey on @entity385 /transient @entity63 inpatients compliance with secondary XXXX prevention and follow-up 90 days].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Our objective was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity4082 ( @entity5635 ) in @entity249 and hypoandrogenic @entity1 through a retrospective study between September 2013 and May 2014. We identified 47 @entity1 between 18 and 55 years placed on 50   mg @entity5635 every other day. We evaluated the effect of @entity5635 on @entity251 after 2 weeks, rates of adverse effects and predictors of @entity5635 response. Mean baseline @entity251 , bioavailable @entity251 and @entity53 were 246.8   ng   dl(-1), 125.5   ng   dl(-1) and 20.8   pg   dl(-1), respectively. At 2 weeks, mean @entity251 , bioavailable @entity251 and @entity53 increased to 527.6   ng   dl(-1), 281.8   ng   dl(-1) and 32.0   pg   dl(-1) (all P<0.001). Two @entity1 at 2 weeks and one @entity1 at 3 months had a paradoxical decrease in @entity251 . Mean total motile count (TMC) and concentration increased from 59.7 million (s.e.m.: 16.5) and 50.7 millions   ml(-1) (s.e.m.: 11.1) at baseline to 90.9 million (s.e.m.: 25.9) and 72.5   millions   ml(-1) (s.e.m.: 17.5), respectively, at 3 months, although this was nonsignificant (P=0.09, 0.09). No @entity1 on @entity5635 experienced a paradoxical decrease in TMC or sperm concentration. On age-adjusted regression analysis, age, BMI, longitudinal testis axis, baseline follicle-stimulating hormone, LH and @entity53 did not correlate with improvement in bioavailable @entity251 at 2 weeks. @entity5635 improves @entity251 and may improve semen parameters, although a small percentage of @entity1 may not demonstrate improvement in @entity251 .

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX in hypoandrogenic and subfertile @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertile']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity4082 :: (MESH:D002996,Chemical) :: ['clomiphene citrate']


abstract: The histologic and proliferative characteristics of 16 colonic biopsies taken from an operative specimen of a 38-year-old female @entity1 with multiple @entity1412 are presented. Kinetic measurements are based on 3HTdR incorporation accomplished in vitro, using both single and double labelling techniques. Epithelial cells in adenomatous tissue were more actively engaged in DNA synthesis than those normal-appearing mucosa (L.I.13.0 +/- 6.9 versus 9.3 +/- 1.6); however, because of extreme variability between biopsies, the difference was not significant. No difference in S phase duration was found, but a faster turnover time (Tg) than that in the normal appearing colonic mucosa was estimated (Tg 52.6 hours versus 74.2 hours). Only two of ten biopsies containing normal-appearing mucosa had a completely normal incorporation pattern with proliferative cells located only in the lower two thirds of crypts. Eight biopsies showed extension of the proliferative compartment to the luminal surface. One of these eight also expressed an additional proliferative defect, namely, a shift of the major zone of DNA synthesis to the middle and upper regions of the crypts. This specimen had been located adjacent to an area of microscopic @entity652 . Subpopulations of labelled epithelial cells showing transition from normal to hyperplastic or to adenomatous appearance were in the otherwise normal-appearing crypts. The majority of labelled hyperplastic-appearing cells occupied the lower thirds of the crypts, whereas 68% of labelled adenomatous-appearing cells were located in the middle and upper zones of the glands. Based on these observations, the development of an @entity652 is believed forecast by the redistribution of the proliferative compartment toward the surface. A further stage in tumorogenesis before the appearance of a focus of @entity5 is the emergence of actively proliferating cells transforming to a more adenomatous appearance primarily in that same location, that is, the middle and upper third of the colonic crypts.

title: Kinetic and morphologic alterations in the colon of a XXXX with multiple @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To investigate whether the implementation of the August 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines would miss significant urinary tract pathology in @entity1 with @entity293 ( @entity293 ). @entity1 AND METHODS:     All ultrasound (US) performed in @entity1 aged >6 months, during the year 1 August 2006 to 31 July 2007 for @entity293 , were retrospectively studied.     Each US scan in the study population of 346 was categorised dependent on whether it was appropriate or inappropriate to have been performed under the new guidelines and whether the US scan was normal or abnormal.     The records of each @entity1 with an inappropriate abnormal US scan were re-analysed to see if @entity1 management was affected by the US scan.     In 2011 @entity1 with an original inappropriate abnormal US scan were re-evaluated to identify if any had presented with further urinary pathology. RESULTS:     In accordance with the NICE guidelines @entity1 were divided by age.     @entity1 aged 0.5-3 years: 78/95 (82%) US scans were inappropriate of which 12 (15%) were abnormal and four of these had a further documented @entity293 . After careful assessment of the @entity854 it was judged that only one would have benefited from the initial US scan.     @entity1 aged >3 years: 146/251 (58%) US scans were inappropriate of which 21(14%) were abnormal and six of these (29%) had a further documented @entity293 . After careful assessment of the @entity854 it was judged that only three of 21 (14%) would have benefited from the initial US scan. CONCLUSIONS:     The vast majority of anomalies detected on the inappropriate US scans were of little clinical significance.     It is difficult to identify any @entity1 who would have been truly disadvantaged if the US scan had not been performed after the initial @entity293 .     The NICE guidelines are safe to follow.

title: Will the implementation of the 2007 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on childhood XXXX ( @entity293 ) in the UK miss significant urinary tract pathology?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['US abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'UTI']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['urinary tract infection']


abstract: Conscious intravenous sedation is a safe alternative method to general anaesthesia. We have used a technique of continuously titrated, as opposed to incremental boluses of, intravenous or intramuscular @entity1363 for conscious sedation, with tumescent @entity1425 - @entity3303 solution for local anaesthesia, routinely in 421 plastic surgical procedures between 1997 and 2000. All @entity1 were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I or II. Conscious sedation was administered through our protocol of continuously titrated doses of @entity1363 in dextrose saline. The operative field was injected subcutaneously with varying volumes of diluted @entity3303 and @entity1425 , depending on the anatomical region. Preoperative sedation was administered 1 h before the procedure in the form of an intramuscular injection of @entity6882 and @entity4489 (Phenergan). Intraoperatively, a subset of @entity1 received up to four divided diluted doses of @entity6882 . A preoperative 4 h starvation period pronounced the effect of the sedative. No intraoperative conversions to general anaesthesia were needed, and no sedation complications occurred. No unplanned re-admissions secondary to @entity390 , prolonged drowsiness or @entity158 were required. All @entity1 who were treated using this technique had an uneventful postoperative course. Hospital stay was substantially shorter than following general anaesthesia, which provided a significant reduction in medical-care expenses and a faster return to work. In conclusion, conscious sedation administered by titrated intravenous @entity1363 is a well-tolerated, safe, consistent, predictable and effective anaesthetic choice for a variety of plastic surgical procedures, many of which would commonly be performed under general anaesthesia.

title: Continuous intravenous versus bolus parenteral XXXX : a safe technique for conscious sedation in plastic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Marine microalgal exopolysaccharides (EPSs) have drawn great attention due to their biotechnological potentials such as anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-lipidemic, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory activities, etc. In the present study, the @entity21 derived from microalgae Thraustochytriidae sp.-derived mutant GA was investigated for its anti-proliferation and immunomodulation. Anti- @entity5 efficacy of the @entity21 was examined for the alterations in cell proliferation and cell cycle-related gene expression that occur in three types of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, BG-1 ovarian, MCF-7 breast, and SW-620 @entity694 cell lines, by its treatment. Alterations in immunoreactivity by the @entity21 were examined by measuring its influence on the growth of T and B lymphocytes and cytokine production of T cells. In cell viability assay, the @entity21 inhibited @entity5 cell growth at the lowest concentration of 10(-11) dilution and in a dose-responsive manner within the range of dilution of 10(-11)~10(-3). In addition, the protein expression of cell cycle progression genes such as @entity4910 and E in these @entity5 cell lines was significantly reduced by the @entity21 in a dose- and a time-dependant manner. In cell proliferation assay using T and B cells, the @entity21 induced B cell proliferation even at the lowest dilution of 10(-11), but not T cells. In cytokine assay, the @entity21 decreased the formation of @entity650 and INF-y at 10(-3) dilution compared to the control and had no significant effects on @entity310 . Collectively, these findings suggest that the @entity21 derived from microalgae Thraustochytriidae sp. GA has an anti-proliferative activity against @entity5 cells and an immunomodulatory effect by having an influence on B cell proliferation and cytokine secretion of T cells.

title: Potential Anti-proliferative and Immunomodulatory Effects of Marine Microalgal Exopolysaccharide on Various XXXX Cancer Cells and Lymphocytes In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['microalgal EPS', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The @entity8 Improving Global Outcomes Lipid Work Group recommends statins for adults >= 50 years old with CKD. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association endorses statins for adults with @entity65 , adults with LDL @entity165 >= 190 mg/dl, and adults 40-79 years old with LDL @entity165 =70-189 mg/dl and @entity6 or a 10-year predicted risk for @entity65 >= 7.5% estimated using the Pooled Cohort risk equations. Using data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in @entity64 Study, we calculated the agreement for statin treatment between these two guidelines for adults 50-79 years old with CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) or @entity633 >= 30 mg/g) not on dialysis. We assessed the validity of the Pooled Cohort risk equations in individuals with CKD. Study @entity1 were enrolled between 2003 and 2007, and we report incident @entity65 events ( @entity64 and @entity301 ) through December of 2010. Among 4726 @entity1 with CKD, 2366 (50%) were taking statins, and 1984 (42%) were recommended statins by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline but not taking them. Overall, 376 (8%) @entity1 did not meet the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association criteria for initiating statin treatment. @entity65 incidence was low (3.0/1000 @entity1 -years; 95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 5.9) among these @entity1 . The Pooled Cohort risk equations were well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-squared=2.7, P=0.45) with moderately good discrimination (C index, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.65 to 0.77). In conclusion, these guidelines show high concordance for @entity1780 treatment for adults with CKD.

title: Contrasting XXXX Management Guidelines for Adults with CKD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Disease']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease', 'atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Two prospective multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials were conducted to examine the safety and efficacy of three once-a-week continuous combined @entity53 / @entity2692 ( @entity10819 ) transdermal systems (E2 0.045 mg/day with 0.015, 0.030, and 0.040 mg/day LNG) for the treatment of vasomotor symptoms and prevention of @entity172 -induced @entity1869 in healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 . DESIGN: In study 1, performed in 293 hysterectomized and nonhysterectomized @entity1 with moderate to severe hot flushes, transdermal @entity10819 (E2 0.045 mg/day with 0.030 and 0.040 mg/day LNG) was compared with placebo for three 28-day treatment cycles. The frequency and severity of hot flushes were recorded daily. In study 2, performed in 845 @entity1 with intact uteri, transdermal @entity10819 (E2 0.045 mg/day with 0.015, 0.030, and 0.040 mg/day LNG) was compared with transdermal E2 0.045 mg/day monotherapy for thirteen 28-day treatment cycles. @entity1 with endometrial tissue sufficient for evaluation underwent endometrial biopsy assessment at the end of cycle 13. Bleeding patterns were assessed throughout the study, and the @entity1 's Health Questionnaire was used to assess well-being. RESULTS: In study 1, transdermal @entity10819 (E2 0.045 mg/day with 0.030 and 0.040 mg/day LNG) significantly decreased the number and severity of hot flushes when compared with placebo. Symptom relief was seen as early as 2 weeks posttreatment. Similarly, in study 2, all three doses of transdermal @entity10819 controlled hot flushes with no differences between groups. In study 2, no @entity1 receiving transdermal @entity10819 developed @entity1869 compared with 19 (12.8%) who received transdermal E2 0.045 mg/day (p < 0.001 for each dose). Significant improvements from baseline in scores on the @entity1 's Health Questionnaire for vasomotor symptoms, sleep problems, sexual function, cognitive difficulties, and total score were noted at all or most time points with both transdermal @entity10819 . Application-site reactions, @entity548 , and @entity5026 were the most common adverse events reported with transdermal @entity10819 . The proportion of @entity1 with @entity2588 increased over time in all treatment groups in study 2. CONCLUSIONS: All three doses of this once-a-week combined @entity10819 transdermal system rapidly and effectively control vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal @entity1 while protecting against @entity1869 . @entity1109 also is accompanied by improvements in aspects of subjective well-being. Once-a-week transdermal @entity10819 , therefore, offers an effective and convenient formulation, the dosing of which can be individualized according to the needs of each @entity1 .

title: Safety and efficacy of a continuous once-a-week @entity53 /levonorgestrel transdermal system and its effects on vasomotor symptoms and endometrial safety in postmenopausal XXXX : the results of two multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5026 :: ('MESH:D059373', 'Disease') :: ['breast pain']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Amelioration of vasomotor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The pathological hallmark of @entity195 is the accumulation of @entity3072 and @entity527 in the brains of @entity1 . Plaque cores contain a 4- to 5-kDa amyloid beta-protein fragment which is also found in the cerebral blood vessels of affected individuals. Since @entity527 in the brain increases with age even in normal @entity1 , we sought to establish whether the disease state bears a direct relationship with normal aging processes. As a model for biological aging, the process of cellular senescence in vitro was used. mRNA levels of beta-amyloid precursor protein associated with @entity195 were compared in @entity1 fibroblasts in culture at early passage and when the same fibroblasts were grown to senescence after more than 52 population doublings. A dramatic increase in mRNA was observed in senescent IMR-90 fibroblasts compared with early-passage cells. Hybridization of mRNA from senescent and early proliferating fibroblasts with oligonucleotide probes specific for the three alternatively spliced transcripts of the gene gave similar results, indicating an increase during senescence of all three forms. A similar, though more modest, increase in message levels was also observed in early-passage fibroblasts made quiescent by serum deprivation; with repletion of serum, however, the expression returned to previous low levels. ELISAs were performed on cell extracts from senescent, early proliferating, and quiescent fibroblasts, and quiescent fibroblasts repleted with serum for over 48 hr, using polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide of the beta-amyloid precursor. The results confirmed that the differences in mRNA expression were partially reflected at the protein level. Regulated expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein may be an important determinant of growth and metabolic responses to serum and growth factors under physiological as well as pathological conditions.

title: Increased gene expression of XXXX beta-amyloid precursor protein in senescent cultured fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition', 'neuritic plaques']

entities_list: @entity3072 :: ('MESH:C536599', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrillary tangles']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity1 with a small (<3cm) @entity1653 can be either observed or treated. Treatment can be either radiosurgery or microsurgery if and when progression of the @entity5 occurs. We have compared the local @entity5 growth control and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of microsurgical resection and radiosurgery in small @entity1653 , and we have identified the predictors of unfavorable outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review (2005-2016) of 90 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1653 who underwent either microsurgery (n=31) or gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS, n=59) was done. The study population was evaluated clinically and radiographically after treatment. RESULTS: GKRS in @entity1653 showed significantly higher percentage of local control of @entity5 growth compared to microsurgical resection (p=0.02) five and ten years (p=0.003) after treatment. The median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) period was also significantly higher in radiosurgery compared to microsurgery (p=0.04). However, there was no difference in @entity1349 between Simpson grade I resection and GKRS (p=0.69). In univariate analysis, @entity1349 after procedures was significantly affected by @entity5 involvement of cranial nerves, presence of comorbidities and pre-KPS <=  70. However, in multivariate analysis, only pre-KPS <=  70 was revealed as a predictor of unfavorable outcome. CONCLUSION: GKRS offers a high rate of @entity5 control and longer @entity1349 which is comparable to Simpson grade I resection. However, sub-total resection is not a good choice for small @entity1653 . Thus, treatment procedure should be tailored according to the presence of comorbidities and the maximum benefit for the @entity1 .

title: Direct Comparison of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery and Microsurgery for Small Size XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'intracranial meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningiomas']