abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic relevance to @entity281 of the soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) cord serum level. METHODS: The case-control study included 66 term newborn @entity1 with and without risk factors for @entity281 . Cord blood serum determinations of white blood cell count, @entity1851 , @entity2002 , and sICAM-1 were systematically performed associated with bacterial cultures from placenta, ears, and gastric fluids. RESULTS: 6 of 33 @entity1 (18.2%) with risk factors were infected, and 13 (39.4%) were colonized. Two @entity1 included in the group without @entity281 risk factors (n = 33) were colonized. No difference in sICAM-1 cord serum levels was found according to the presence of @entity397 of membrane, fetal @entity591 >160 bpm, meconial amniotic fluid, and duration of labour >10 h. No difference in sICAM-1 was noted between infected and non-infected @entity1 . The cord serum levels of sICAM-1 were significantly higher in @entity1 after forceps extraction (p = 0.01). A correlation was observed between sICAM-1 and @entity1851 cord serum levels (p = 0.004, r = 0.371) and between sICAM-1 level and neutrophil count (p = 0.01, r = 0.489). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that cord serum sICAM-1 determinations have no diagnostic relevance to @entity281 . The increase of sICAM-1 cord serum levels in @entity1 after forceps extraction suggests its potential to evaluate @entity131 or @entity519 .

title: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 in umbilical cord serum: potential for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections', 'neonatal infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['neonatal infections']


abstract: Approximately 800,000 times a year, an emergency physician admits a @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Yet only a minority of emergency department @entity1 with @entity712 are severely ill as a result of @entity3126 , @entity741 , or @entity1455 . The majority of @entity1 are not in need of an acute intervention beyond decongestion, and few @entity1 during hospitalization undergo invasive diagnostic testing or therapeutic procedures that require intense monitoring. Although hospitalization is clearly an inflection point, marking a threshold that independently predicts a worse outcome, the exact impact of hospitalization on post-discharge events has not been well elucidated. Thus, large subsets of @entity1 with @entity712 are hospitalized without a clear need for time-sensitive therapies or procedures. The authors estimate that up to 50% of emergency department @entity1 with @entity712 could be safely discharged after a brief period of observation, thus avoiding unnecessary admissions and minimizing readmissions. Observation unit management may be beneficial for low-risk and intermediate-risk @entity1 with @entity712 as continued treatment, and more precise risk stratification may ensue, avoiding inpatient admission. Whether observation unit management is comparable with or superior to the current approach must be determined in a randomized clinical trial. Critical end points include time to symptom resolution and discharge, post-discharge event rates, and a cost-effective analysis of each management strategy. It is the authors' strong assertion that now is the time for such a trial and that the results will be critically important if we are to effectively influence hospitalizations for @entity712 in the near future.

title: Is hospital admission for XXXX really necessary?: the role of the emergency department and observation unit in preventing hospitalization and rehospitalization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associated conditions and the outcome of persistent @entity4264 (PLSVC) detected in fetal life. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of all cases of PLSVC detected prenatally between 1998 and 2004 in two tertiary referral centers in Germany. @entity1 charts, ultrasound video recordings and still frames of all cases were reviewed for associated conditions and outcome. RESULTS: Eighty-two cases of PLSVC were detected in the study period. Thirty-seven cases (45%) were associated with @entity4032 , 19 (23%) with isolated @entity299 , seven (9%) with @entity2007 , six (7%) with @entity600 and six (7%) with @entity600 . Seven cases (9%) had no associated condition. Eighty-three percent of the fetuses in this series had associated @entity299 ; the most frequent @entity299 in those with @entity4032 were complete @entity474 (75%) and right outflow tract obstruction (58%). After exclusion of cases with @entity4032 , most @entity4297 were @entity1757 (41%) and @entity1498 (34%). The outcome of PLSVC was determined solely by the associated conditions. After exclusion of terminated cases, @entity4032 as well as complete @entity474 were associated significantly with perinatal and @entity1 @entity204 . In contrast, all cases with isolated PLSVC or associated correctable extracardiac @entity600 survived and were doing well at the time of writing. CONCLUSIONS: PLSVC detected in fetal life has to be followed by a meticulous inspection of the fetal anatomy as it is frequently associated with @entity4032 , other @entity299 and @entity2007 that determine the outcome. Isolated PLSVC is a @entity455 and may not affect the outcome.

title: Prenatal diagnosis of persistent XXXX and its associated congenital anomalies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infant', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity4264 :: ('MESH:D013479', 'Disease') :: ['left superior vena cava']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['benign vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'isolated extracardiac malformations', 'complex malformation syndromes']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defect', 'atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac/non-cardiac malformations', 'cardiac malformations']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxy', 'heterotaxy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4264 :: (MESH:D013479,Disease) :: ['left superior vena cava']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Up to now, few @entity221 ( @entity221 ) studies have estimated the cost of adult @entity565 at an individual level on general population samples. We sought to evaluate the cost of current @entity565 from the societal perspective in young Italian adults and the determinants of cost variation. METHODS: In 2000, a @entity221 study was carried out in the frame of the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults on 527 current asthmatics (20-44 years) screened out of 15,591 subjects from the general population in seven centres. Detailed information about direct medical expenditures (DMEs) and indirect costs due to @entity565 was collected at an individual level over the past 12 months. RESULTS: The mean annual cost per @entity1 was EUR 741 (95% CI: 599-884). DMEs represented 42.8% of the total cost, whereas the remaining 57.2% was indirect costs. The largest component of DMEs was medication costs (47.3%; 23.0% was due to hospitalization). The mean annual cost per @entity1 ranged from EUR 379 (95% CI: 216-541)for well-controlled asthmatics to EUR 1,341 (95% CI: 978-1,706) for poorly controlled cases that accounted for 46.2% of the total cost. Poor control, coexisting chronic cough and phlegm, and low socio-economic status were significantly associated with high DMEs and indirect costs. CONCLUSIONS: In Italy, @entity565 -related costs were substantial even in unselected @entity1 and were largely driven by indirect costs. Since about half of the total cost was due to a limited proportion of poorly controlled asthmatics, interventions aimed at these high-cost @entity1 could reduce the economic burden of the disease.

title: Poor control increases the economic cost of XXXX . A multicentre population-based study.

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['cost-of-illness', 'COI']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study analyses the risk of @entity299 and its individual predictability in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred seventy @entity1 undergoing allogeneic (n = 150) or autologous (n = 20) BMT were evaluated by physical examination, history, rest and exercise ECG, chest x-ray, two-dimensional echocardiography, and radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) before BMT, and monitored for 3 months thereafter. RESULTS: Following BMT, @entity1370 occurred in eight @entity1 (4.7%). Three @entity1 (1.8%) developed life-threatening @entity137 ( @entity2294 and @entity1002 , n = 2; sudden @entity1167 , n = 1). Thirty-eight @entity1 (22%) had pathologic findings before BMT. In 22 @entity1 , left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) determined by RNV was reduced to less than 55%. This was the only abnormality in 17 @entity1 and was generally mild, with a lowest EF of 42%. There was no correlation between overall results of cardiologic evaluation before BMT and @entity1370 . @entity1370 events occurred more frequently in @entity1 with a reduced EF (P < .05). However, this was restricted to minor @entity299 . Life-threatening @entity1370 was not significantly increased in @entity1 with pathologic results before BMT. Moreover, none of the @entity1 with an EF less than 50% developed @entity1370 . CONCLUSION: Life-threatening @entity1370 is rare after BMT, occurring in less than 2% of all @entity1 . Although the occurrence of @entity1370 is correlated with a reduction of EF before BMT, life-threatening @entity1370 cannot be predicted in individual @entity1 .

title: XXXX of bone marrow transplantation: predictive value of cardiologic evaluation before transplant.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity', 'Cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['Cardiac toxicity']


abstract: A functional cloning approach using the oxidant-sensitive @entity375 mutant, Deltayap1, was employed to identify plant genes involved in tolerance of oxidative stress. In this screen, we identified an @entity958 late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA)-like protein, @entity47531 , which increased the tolerance of Deltayap1 cells to the oxidants @entity274 , @entity13131 , @entity8197 and @entity2469 . Unlike canonical LEAs, @entity47531 is constitutively expressed in roots and reproductive organs but not in seeds. In leaves of short-day grown plants, @entity47531 transcripts exhibited a diurnal pattern of regulation, where transcripts were repressed in the light and abundant in the dark. Expression of @entity47531 in leaves was induced by oxidants, @entity2272 and @entity2700 . Use of @entity22435 -1 (ABA-insensitive) and aba1-1 ( @entity942 ) @entity958 mutants indicated that drought induction of @entity47531 required ABA synthesis but was independent of the @entity22435 gene product. @entity2271 and @entity274 induction of @entity47531 was also independent of the @entity30850 protein kinase. Constitutive overexpression of @entity47531 resulted in increased root growth and shoot biomass, both in optimal conditions and under @entity274 stress. However, in comparison with wild type, photosynthesis in overexpressing plants was more susceptible to drought. These features suggest that @entity47531 has a unique function among LEA proteins in that it plays a specific role in protection against oxidative stress involving @entity393 . This protein functions as part of a complex network of defences that contribute to robustness of plants under stress by minimizing the negative effects of oxidation.

title: XXXX complementation reveals a role for an @entity958 late embryogenesis abundant (LEA)-like protein in oxidative stress tolerance.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased photosynthesis']

entities_list: @entity2469 :: ('MESH:D020122', 'Chemical') :: ['tert-butyl hydroperoxide']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['ABA-deficient']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the safety and efficacy of photodynamic therapy with @entity4936 (PDT) in @entity1 with @entity1940 associated with @entity12978 (CNVAS). METHODS: A nonrandomized, prospective clinical investigation of 12 @entity1 with CNVAS was performed. PDT was based on the criteria concerning the treatment of age-related @entity1020 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 41.75 months (range 24-60). The mean number of (re)treatments was 3.3 (range 2-7). Visual acuity improved by at least 1 line in 42%, was stable within +/-2 lines in 33%, decreased by at least 1 line in 58% and by >3 lines in 25% of the @entity1 . The mean visual acuity was 0.30 (range 0.2-0.5) prior to and 0.17 (range 0.03-0.6) after the final PDT. The mean visual acuity of the contralateral eye was 0.1. 75% of @entity735 and 25% of the treated eyes had a final visual acuity of < or =0.1 (20/200). At the final follow-up, a significant enlargement of the lesion size was noted in 92% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Using the current (re)treatment criteria, PDT does not appear to limit the growth of CNVAS. Compared to the aggressive natural course and to the limited treatment options, PDT may at least in part help to stabilize macular function over a limited period of time.

title: Photodynamic therapy using @entity4936 for @entity1940 associated with XXXX --long-term effects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4936 :: ('MESH:C098350', 'Chemical') :: ['verteporfin']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity12978 :: ('MESH:D000793', 'Disease') :: ['angioid streaks']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral eyes']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity12978 :: (MESH:D000793,Disease) :: ['angioid streaks']


abstract: In order to explore activity and pharmacokinetic data of a @entity1205 - @entity1259 combination we analyzed a population of 60 metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . All the @entity1 had an ECOG performance status < 3; 41 @entity1 (68%) had visceral metastases as dominant site of disease, including 33% with liver metastases. Three or more involved organs were present in 43% of @entity1 ; 35% had received prior hormonotherapy; 10% for @entity3 . Twenty-five @entity1 (42%) had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy; 15% a CAF regimen. Twenty per cent of @entity1 had less than 12 months disease-free interval. @entity1205 and @entity1259 were both given at a dose of 75 mg/m2 i.v. d. 1 every 3 weeks. After a median of six cycles we had 5 CR (8.3%), 40 PR (66.6%), 7 NC (11.6%), and 8 @entity1726 (13.3%). Response rates in @entity1 with visceral and liver metastases were 78% and 55% respectively. Premenopausal status, < 1 year disease free survival and > 3 metastatic sites were associated with a lower response rate. After a median follow-up of 19 months (12-36), median disease-free survival is 11 months and median overall survival has not been reached. Grade 4 @entity1398 was observed in 75% of courses but with @entity1398 in 6.2% of courses only. @entity1503 wasn't clinically important. A NYHA class III reversible @entity712 was observed in one @entity1 (1.6%). The pharmacokinetic evaluation in 16 @entity1 has shown that @entity1205 transiently interfered with @entity1259 plasma level when @entity1205 was administered 1 h after @entity1259 .

title: Clinical and pharmacokinetic data of a XXXX - @entity1259 combination in metastatic @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in @entity1 is characterized by unique problems including a shortage of compatible-size donors resulting in long waiting periods, significant deterioration while waiting, and death before transplantation. To improve the chances of obtaining an organ for the sickest @entity1 , @entity409 ( @entity409 ) was offered to all hospital-bound @entity1 starting in July 1988. Since then, 68 OLTs were performed in 58 @entity1 . Thirty-six RSLTs were done in 30 @entity1 (42% of total 86 OLT, 53% since 1988). The mean weight of the @entity409 @entity1 was 13.5 +/- 10.4 kg versus 23.8 +/- 21.9 kg in the full-size (FSLT) group (P < .05). Twenty-five of 39 transplants (71.4%) done in @entity1 < 10 kg were RSLTs in comparison to only 10 of 47 (21.3%) in @entity1 > 10 kg (P < .0005). Since 1988, 25 of 34 (73.5%) of all transplants in @entity1 < 10 kg have been RSLTs. Average donor to recipient weight ratio in the @entity409 group was 4.21:1 versus 1.17:1 in the FSLT group (P < .0001). @entity409 was done as a primary procedure in 26 @entity1 and as a retransplant in 10. Mean blood product replacement was significantly higher in the @entity409 group both intraoperatively (515.7 +/- 490.9 v 177.2 +/- 278.3 mL/kg, P < .005) and during the first 24 hours postoperation (50.5 +/- 81.8 mL/kg v 16.4 +/- 28.5 mL/kg, P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Survival after XXXX is dependent on pretransplant status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['RSLT', 'reduced-size liver transplantation']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['reduced-size liver transplantation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of the neuropeptide @entity6138 on total parenteral nutrition-induced impairment of upper respiratory tract immunity. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. @entity1 : Thirty-six adult male Institute for @entity5 Research @entity19 weighing 25 to 35 g. INTERVENTIONS: @entity19 were inoculated intranasally with H1N1 virus. At 3 weeks, @entity19 were randomized to receive chow plus intravenous saline (n = 12), intravenous total parenteral nutrition (n = 12), or intravenous total parenteral nutrition plus @entity6138 (n = 12) administered 3 times daily at 15 micrograms/kg. After 5 days, @entity19 were rechallenged with intranasal virus and killed at 40 hours to determine @entity1800 from the respiratory tract; normal convalescent @entity19 do not shed virus because of intact IgA-mediated mechanisms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Viral shedding was determined by collection of nasal secretions. Samples were diluted and incubated with a suspension of Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney cells. Viral growth was determined by hemagglutination. RESULTS: Body weight was similar between the total parenteral nutrition and @entity6138 groups; however, both were significantly lower than that in the chow group (P < .05). After 6 days of feeding, no @entity19 in the chow group shed virus, compared with 6 (50%) of the @entity19 in the total parenteral nutrition group. Of the @entity19 in the @entity6138 group, only 1 was positive for @entity1800 . The total parenteral nutrition group showed increased @entity1800 compared with both the chow group (P < .01) and the @entity6138 group (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous administration of @entity6138 reversed the total parenteral nutrition-associated impairment of upper respiratory tract immunity to an IgA-mediated infectious challenge. These observations support the concept of a common mucosal immune system, since neuropeptides are endogenous to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Hormonal modulation of immunity is a promising avenue of treatment for @entity1 who require total parenteral nutrition.

title: Effect of XXXX on impairment of upper respiratory tract immunity induced by total parenteral nutrition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral shedding']

entities_list: @entity6138 :: ('MESH:D001839', 'Chemical') :: ['bombesin']

answer: @entity6138 :: (MESH:D001839,Chemical) :: ['bombesin']


abstract: Importance: Trastuzumab is an essential medicine per the World Health Organization Model List, but its cardiac safety information in Asian @entity1 is limited. Objective: To estimate the rate and the risk of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and/or @entity296 ( @entity296 ) in Asian @entity1 undergoing trastuzumab treatment. Design: This cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), a nationwide claim database covering more than 99% of the entire Taiwanese population, to identify 23   006 @entity1 with incident @entity0 ( @entity0 ) who received chemotherapy from 2006 to 2009. We grouped @entity1 per their initial treatment regimens and found 1066 new trastuzumab users. We matched trastuzumab users with nonusers by year of @entity0 diagnosis and propensity score (PS) with the caliper widths at 0.25 standard deviation of PS (up to 4 nonusers per trastuzumab user). The study lasted from January 2006 to December 2013 with a median follow-up of 5.29 years and a landmark design to avoid immortal time bias. Exposure: Trastuzumab. Main Outcomes and Measures: To estimate @entity712 rates and time to @entity712 , we employed a cause-specific hazard model. Trastuzumab exposure was a time-dependent variable, while cumulative courses of chemotherapy agents with known @entity1370 effects (including @entity8253 , @entity6023 , and @entity786 ) were defined as time-dependent covariates in the analysis model. We also performed 6 sensitivity analyses. Results: In this cohort of 23   006 @entity1 (mean age, 50.99 years), the crude incidence of @entity712 was 4.03% in trastuzumab users and 2.88% in nonusers. The median time to @entity712 was 456 days in trastuzumab users and 966 days in nonusers. The 1-year cumulative hazard ratio was 1.86 (95% CI, 1.08-3.19). The sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Relevance: Compared with the published results, the trastuzumab-related @entity712 rate was 5-fold lower in Taiwanese @entity1 with @entity0 . Nonetheless, our cohort had a similar trastuzumab-related @entity712 risk. Our study provides critical cardiac safety information of trastuzumab for Asian @entity1 with @entity0 under current treatment guidelines and label information.

title: Trastuzumab-Related @entity1370 Effects in Taiwanese XXXX : A Nationwide Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'CM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'HF and/or CM', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although high dose chemotherapy coupled with an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is widely accepted as effective therapy for @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), few reports are available in Korea, especially in the area of double ASCT. We present the results of an institutional retrospective study of 12 @entity1 with @entity1582 treated by double ASCT. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 received induction therapy using @entity1891 , @entity632 , @entity619 (VAD), and mobilization was performed using @entity786 plus lenograstim. High-dose melphalan (total 200 mg/m2) was used to condition the ASCT. RESULTS: The median interval from diagnosis to ASCT was 6 months (range, 1.8-15.3 months). The median interval between the 1st and 2nd ASCT was 4.4 months (range 2.1-48.7 months). The median follow up was 18.3 months (range 8.1-50.5 months) for the nine surviving @entity1 . No therapy-related mortality occurred. Following induction chemotherapy, two @entity1 experienced CR. Following double ASCT, eight @entity1 experienced CR. The 5 year OS was 59%. The median duration of event free survival was 2.13 years (95% CI, 0.84-3.42). CONCLUSION: Although the results of study did not demonstrate the advantage of double ASCT, this is the first report to outline the outcome of double ASCT for Korean @entity1582 @entity1 .

title: Double autologous stem cell transplantation for XXXX : a Korean single center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Transcriptional repression of the @entity19 vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene in fibroblasts and myoblasts is mediated, in part, by the interaction of two single-stranded DNA binding activities with opposite strands of an essential transcription enhancer factor-1 recognition element (Sun, S., Stoflet, E. S., Cogan, J. G., Strauch, A. R., and Getz, M. J. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 2429-2436). One of these activities, previously designated vascular actin single-stranded DNA-binding factor 2 includes two distinct polypeptides ( @entity22426 and p46) which specifically interact with the @entity10043 -rich strand of both the enhancer and a related element in a protein coding exon of the gene (Kelm, R. J., Jr., Sun, S., Strauch, A. R., and Getz, M. J. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 24278-24285). Expression screening of a @entity19 lung cDNA library with a vascular actin single-stranded DNA-binding factor 2 recognition element has now resulted in the isolation of two distinct cDNA clones that encode p46 and @entity22426 . One of these proteins is identical to @entity49003 , a @entity995 -binding protein previously implicated in both transcriptional activation and DNA replication. The other is a related family member, presumably @entity49004 . Comparative band shift and Southwestern blot analyses conducted with cellular p46, @entity22426 , and cloned Pur proteins synthesized in vitro and in vivo, establish identity of p46 with @entity49003 and @entity22426 with @entity49004 . This study implicates @entity49003 and/or @entity49004 in the control of vascular smooth muscle alpha-actin gene transcription.

title: Sequence of cDNAs encoding components of vascular actin single-stranded DNA-binding factor 2 establish identity to @entity49003 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity49004 :: (19291(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Purbeta']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High exposure to house dust mite allergen during the first year of life has been found to increase the risk of subsequent @entity565 and mite sensitization. Environmental factors, home construction and cleaning methods used are associated with levels of dust mites in the home. OBJECTIVE: To investigate determinants of levels of Der @entity3881 and Der f 1 mite allergens in homes of @entity1 in southern Tasmania. METHODS: Dust samples were collected from 72 homes of @entity1 participating in the Tasmanian @entity1 Health Survey (TIHS). The Der @entity3881 allergen concentrations in these samples were measured. The TIHS interviewers obtained information from the mothers of the @entity1 via a questionnaire, observed specified aspects of the home environment, and took readings of bedroom temperature and humidity. The effect of each item on allergen concentration in dust from bedroom floors was examined in a variety of ways. Those items which in this study appeared to be significantly related to allergen concentrations plus items which in other studies have been found to be related to allergen concentrations were then investigated further in multivariate models. RESULTS: Der @entity3881 allergen concentration (microg/g) and density (microg/m2) in dust from bedroom floors were found to be related to several home environment factors. In the univariate analyses, indoor humidity, 24 h maximum temperature, number of residents and a combination of floor covering and cleaning methods appeared to have a significant effect on allergen levels. These factors remained important in the multivariate model except that indicators for mould in the bathroom and drying washing on an outside line replaced indoor humidity. CONCLUSION: Features related to home dampness, the number of residents and floor covering and cleaning were major determinants of Der @entity3881 levels in the bedrooms studied.

title: Determinants of dust mite allergen concentrations in XXXX bedrooms in Tasmania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Infant', 'infants']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: During early development, elevated temperatures have deleterious effects on embryonic viability and development. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the ontogeny of induced thermotolerance during early @entity19 embryonic development. Embryos were either retrieved from superovulated ICR female @entity19 at the 2 cell and 4 cell stages and cultured thereafter or were retrieved from oviducts or uterine horns at the desired stage of development. Induction of thermotolerance was detected by evaluating viability and further development after embryos were exposed to homeothermic temperature (37 degrees C), mild @entity1457 (40 degrees C for 1 h), severe @entity1457 (42 degrees C for 1 h or 43 degrees C for 2 h), or mild @entity1457 followed by severe @entity1457 (to induce thermotolerance). Induction of thermotolerance was observed beginning at the 8 cell stage when embryos were developed in culture from the 2 cell to 4 cell stage. When embryos were developed in vivo (i.e., were retrieved from the reproductive tract at the desired stage of development), thermotolerance was not induced until the blastocyst stage of development. The induction of thermotolerance was dependent on serum supplementation since induction of thermotolerance was not observed when embryos were placed in medium without serum. Induced thermotolerance could also be demonstrated in @entity291 blastocysts. In conclusion, embryos acquire the ability to undergo thermotolerance as they progress through development. The timing of processes leading to acquisition of thermotolerance can, however, be hastened by exposure of embryos to in vitro conditions.

title: Induced thermotolerance during early development of XXXX and @entity291 embryos.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Drug related problems are a major consumer of healthcare, although little is known about the impact of self- @entity4968 and illicit drug use on the provision of intensive care. We wished to quantify the number of admissions to our intensive care unit that were attributable to self- @entity4968 and illicit drug use, and to identify issues related to recognition, follow-up, prevention and cost. METHODS: A retrospective review of all admissions to Liverpool hospital intensive care unit for the year 2000. All admissions with non- @entity167 drug-related causes or associations were reviewed and data relating to demographics, reason for admission, drugs taken, length of intensive care unit stay, interventions by Drug and @entity167 and Psychiatry services, follow-up and outcome were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 1790 @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit during the study period, 108 (6%) were non- @entity167 drug-related. These admissions accounted for 407 intensive care unit bed days (5% of total intensive care unit bed days) and approximated to 10% of the intensive care unit budget for the year 2000. The majority of @entity1 were male (66%), with a mean age of 33 years. @entity1445 was the most common reason for admission (80%), followed by drug related @entity130 (16%). The most common drug classes involved were the @entity1245 , followed by the opiates and tricyclic antidepressants. The majority of @entity1 (65%) had used more than one drug. Thirty-two @entity1 (30%) did not return to their previous functioning level by the time of their discharge from hospital, and 13 of these (12% overall) required full-time nursing care. There were two deaths (2%) as a direct result of illicit drug use or self- @entity4968 . The hospital Drug and @entity167 or Psychiatry services reviewed 78 @entity1 (72%) as inpatients, and 3 @entity1 (3%) after discharge. Self-discharge or @entity1 refusal to be reviewed by these services occurred in 13 (12%) cases. Twelve @entity1 (11%) were not assessed by these services and were either reviewed by the admitting team or returned to the care of their family practitioner. CONCLUSIONS: Drug related problems account for a significant number of preventable admissions to intensive care unit every year. The mortality is low, but the cost to the community is high, as represented by the high level of morbidity and dependence on medical care.

title: Drug related admissions to intensive care: the role of illicit drugs and self XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['Drug overdose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: We report a 52-year-old- @entity1 who developed @entity2026 , @entity1742 and @entity1054 . He was well until December of 1991 when he noted an onset of skin scaling in the extensor sides of his @entity2720 ; he was admitted to the dermatology service of our hospital and was diagnosed as having pemphigoid. Treatment with PDN 30 to 60 mg/day and @entity500 50-100 mg was started. While in the hospital there was a insidious onset of right @entity1109 in his right leg in the middle of March, 1991. During next one week, his family noted that the @entity1 responded incoherently in his speech once in a while. Neurological consult was requested on April 2, 1991. On neurologic examination, he was alert but incoherent in his speech. His spontaneous speech was reduced but it was fluent. However, he had a difficulty in understanding spoken as well as written language. Naming and repetition were also impaired, and he appeared to have @entity244 . Ideational @entity1742 , @entity8378 , constructional @entity1742 , @entity911 , finger @entity1054 , and body @entity1054 were noted as well, but he did not have dressing @entity1742 or @entity911 . Right homonymous @entity1805 was present, but any other cranial nerves were not disturbed. He had no @entity425 or @entity2055 ; gait was normal. Deep reflexes were normal and symmetric. Sensations were intact. Complete blood counts and routine blood chemistries were normal. The lung was clear. Opening pressure at spinal tap of @entity2841 was under a normal pressure; @entity2841 contained 6 lymphocytes/microliters and 78mg/dl of protein; a cytological study showed no malignant cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A 52-year-old @entity1 with sensory XXXX and multiple intracranial masses].

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['ideomotor apraxia']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus and tingling sensation']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['spatial disorientation', 'left-right disorientation']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Wernicke's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the epidemiology of the @entity649 ( @entity649 ) and impact on in-hospital mortality in admissions of @entity1 with @entity64 ( @entity64 ) in the United States. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of admissions with a diagnosis of @entity64 and @entity649 from 1994 to 2008 identified through the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. RESULTS: During the 15-year study period, we found 55  58  091 admissions of @entity1 with @entity64 . The prevalence of @entity649 in admissions of @entity1 with @entity64 increased from 3% in 1994 to 4% in 2008 (P < .001). The @entity649 was more common among younger @entity1 , nonwhites, and associated with history of @entity712 , @entity101 , @entity1030 , @entity177 , chronic @entity409 , systemic tissue plasminogen activator, craniotomy, angioplasty or stent, @entity295 , and multiorgan failures. Mortality due to @entity64 and @entity649 decreased from 8% in 1994 to 6% in 2008 (P < .001) and 55% in 1994 to 45% in 2008 (P < .001), respectively. The @entity649 in @entity64 increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 14; 95% confidence interval, 13.5-14.3). A significantly higher length of stay was seen in admissions of @entity1 with @entity64 having @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Our analysis demonstrates that @entity649 is rare after @entity64 . Despite an overall significant reduction in mortality after @entity64 , @entity649 carries a higher risk of @entity204 in this @entity1 population.

title: The prevalence and impact of mortality of the XXXX on admissions of @entity1 with ischemic stroke in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic stroke', 'AIS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis can seriously affect the quality of life (QOL) of @entity1 and has a strong impact on social relations, @entity159 and daily activities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the impact of different grades of severity in @entity1569 on QOL in @entity1 in Kuwait. @entity1 /METHODS: We used the Dermatology Quality Of Life scale (DQOLS) developed by Morgan and then validated for use in Kuwait to study a sample of 330 out- @entity1 with @entity1569 . RESULTS: Overall, physical activities were affected in greater than 50% of cases. This figure increased significantly with increased severity of @entity1569 . Also, social relationships were disrupted in more than half of the @entity1 but with no significant difference between different grades of severity. All @entity458 were affected by @entity1569 to variable degrees. However, significant differences related to the severity of @entity1569 were detected: feeling embarrassed, feeling short tempered, feeling depressed, and feeling a lack of hope. One third of cases declared their sexual activities were affected by @entity1569 . CONCLUSION: Data provided should improve the physicians' awareness of the importance of @entity1 ' QOL and enhance psychological evaluation of the psoriatic @entity1 which will promote his/her positive outcome and compliance with treatment.

title: Impact of XXXX on quality of life in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['psychological status']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological feeling items']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM), spleen cells (SPC), regional lymph node cells (LNC), and @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), induced by activation with @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) for 4 days, was evaluated in @entity1 with @entity356 . TIL exhibited the lowest LAK activity and the @entity137 of LNC was significantly lower than that of either PBM or SPC. There was no difference between PBM and SPC. Then, there were significant correlations of LAK activity among PBM, SPC, and LNC, whereas poor correlations were observed in the @entity137 between TIL and PBM, SPC, or LNC. Phenotypic analysis of each cell population was performed before and after activation with @entity1199 . Before culture, the cells mediating natural killer (NK) activity such as @entity4071 +, @entity2940 +, and @entity4755 + cells were few in LNC and TIL. However, @entity2940 + and @entity4755 + cells in TIL were increased after culture. Then, @entity404 + @entity1196 + and @entity405 +CD11+ cells, which identify suppressor cell function, were not elevated in LNC or TIL, as compared to that in PBM or SPC. Further, the proportions of OKIa1+ and @entity2902 + cells expressing T-cell activation and @entity1199 receptor were uniformly increased in all cell populations after culture. These results indicate the differential reactivity of each lymphocyte population to @entity1199 and fundamental dysfunction of LNC and, especially TIL, suggesting the specific influence of the local @entity5 environment on the lymphocyte function in the area in @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: Lymphokine-activated killer cell activity of peripheral blood, spleen, regional lymph node, and @entity5 infiltrating lymphocytes in @entity356 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a small group of typical @entity447 ( @entity447 ) @entity1 no mutations in the F8 coding sequence (cDNA) could be found. In the current study, we performed a systematic screening of genetic and non-genetic parameters associated with reduced @entity2801 :C levels in a group of mostly mild @entity447 (only one moderate) @entity1 with no detectable mutations in F8 cDNA. METHODS: We determined @entity2801 and @entity2881 activity and antigen levels and performed @entity2881 - @entity2801 binding ( @entity2881 :FVIIIB) and @entity2881 -collagen binding assays ( @entity2881 :CB) as well as @entity2881 multimer analysis. @entity2881 was completely sequenced to exclude mutations. The F8 locus, including the introns, was sequenced using overlapping long-range PCRs (LR-PCRs) combined with a next generation sequencing (NGS) approach. Moreover, the F8 mRNA was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by real-time PCR (qRT) and overlapping reverse transcription (RT) PCRs, respectively. RESULTS: All @entity2881 tests were normal. The LR-PCRs demonstrated the integrity of the F8 locus. Eight unique polymorphisms were found in the @entity1 , with two being recurrent. Furthermore, RT-PCRs analysis confirmed that two of the unique variants create detectable new cryptic splice sites in the @entity1 that result in the introduction of intronic DNA sequences into the mRNA and create premature stop codons. CONCLUSION: By systematically excluding all possible causes of @entity447 , we could with great certainty conclude that deep intronic mutations in F8, although rare, cause abnormal mRNA splicing, leading to mild @entity447 .

title: Deep intronic 'mutations' cause @entity447 : application of next generation sequencing in XXXX without detectable mutation in F8 cDNA.

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia A', 'HA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: (1) To compute the frequencies and peak age incidences of @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) of uterine cervix in a cytology-based screening programme and (2) to analyze the comparative frequencies of @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity5 in age groups <40 and > or =40 years, in order to assess the implications for screening protocol in resource limited settings. STUDY DESIGN: Pap smears form 29,475 @entity1 were cytologically screened over a 4-year period as a part of hospital-based screening programme. The frequencies, peak age incidences and mean age of various @entity4085 detected were computed. The data was further stratified in to age groups <40 ( @entity15327 ) and > or =40 ( @entity15328 ) and comparative profile of the lesions was analyzed. RESULTS: On cytologic screening of the smears 5.6% @entity4085 were detected. Atypical squamous cells-undetermined significance (ASC-US) and @entity258 ( @entity258 ) were diagnosed more frequently in @entity15327 (p<0.001) while atypical glandular cells (AGC) and @entity5 were more significantly more frequent in @entity15328 (p<0.001). The frequency of @entity2784 was similar in the two groups. The SILs predominated in the fourth decade while the malignant lesions were most frequent in age >50 years. The mean age for @entity258 and @entity2784 was 34.7 and 37.7 years, respectively, while for malignancy it was 51.8 years thus corroborating the hypothesis that a prolonged latent phase exists between the precursor lesions and the onset of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the goal of any screening programme should be to pick up majority of the precursor lesions and not @entity5 , it is desirable to initiate screening before 40 years of age. The WHO recommendation of once in a life time screening between 35 and 40 years of age seems appropriate for resource limited settings like ours.

title: Spectrum of @entity4085 of uterine cervix in a XXXX screening programme: implications for resource limited settings.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['frank cancers', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial cell abnormalities', 'ECA']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low grade SILs', 'LSIL']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['SIL', 'HSIL', 'squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Late infection of devitalized pancreatic and peripancreatic tissue has become the major cause of morbidity in severe acute @entity788 . Previous experience found that peritoneal lavage for periods of 48 to 96 hours may @entity149 but did not decrease late @entity788 . A fortunate observation led to the present study of the influence of a longer period of lavage on late @entity295 . Twenty-nine @entity1 receiving primary nonoperative treatment for severe acute @entity788 (three or more positive prognostic signs) were randomly assigned to short peritoneal lavage (SPL) for 2 days (15 @entity1 ) or to long peritoneal lavage (LPL) for 7 days (14 @entity1 ). Positive prognostic signs averaged 5 in both groups but the frequency of five or more signs was higher in LPL (71%) than in SPL (47%). Eleven @entity1 in each group had early computed tomographic (CT) scans. Peripancreatic fluid collections were shown more commonly in LPL (82%) than in SPL (54%) @entity1 . Longer lavage dramatically reduced the frequency of both @entity788 (22% LPL versus 40% SPL) and @entity204 from @entity295 (0% LPL versus 20% SPL). Among @entity1 with fluid collections on early CT scan, LPL led to a more marked reduction in both @entity788 (33% LPL versus 83% SPL) and @entity204 from @entity295 (0% LPL versus 33% SPL). The differences were even more striking among 17 @entity1 with five or more positive prognostic signs. In this group the incidence of @entity788 was 30% LPL versus 57% SPL and of @entity204 from @entity295 0% (LPL) versus 43% (SPL) (p = 0.05). In these @entity1 , overall mortality was also reduced (20% LPL versus 43% SPL). When 20 @entity1 treated by LPL were compared with 91 other @entity1 with three or more positive prognostic signs who were treated without lavage or by lavage for periods of 2 to 4 days, the frequency of @entity204 from @entity788 was reduced from 13% to 5%. In those with five or more signs, the incidence of @entity295 was reduced from 40% to 27% (p = 0.03) and of @entity204 for @entity295 from 30% to 7% (p = 0.08). These findings indicate that lavage of the peritoneal cavity for 7 days may significantly reduce both the frequency and mortality rate of @entity788 in severe acute @entity788 .

title: Long peritoneal lavage decreases XXXX in acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['reduce early systemic complications']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The accuracy of exercise echocardiography and 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is similar in the diagnosis of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, comparative data on long-term prognosis are lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: Clinical variables and exercise, echocardiographic, and 201Tl tomographic parameters were studied in 248 @entity1 (age, 56+/-12 years [mean+/-SD]; 189 @entity1 ) who underwent simultaneous treadmill exercise 201Tl SPECT and echocardiography. Follow-up was obtained in 225 @entity1 (91%) at a mean of 3.7+/-2.0 years. A total of 64 @entity299 occurred. With the use of stepwise logistic regression, 4 models simulating clinical stress testing scenarios were evaluated in the prediction of all @entity299 , @entity63 events, and/or @entity204 . The best clinical models were exercise echocardiography with exercise ECG and exercise 201Tl SPECT with exercise ECG. Both models were comparable in the prediction of @entity299 . For the exercise echocardiography model, exercise wall motion score index and induction of @entity63 were the strongest predictors of events with ORs of 2.63 per unit increment (95% CI, 1. 34 to 5.17; P=0.005) and 4.1 (95% CI, 1.32 to 12.79; P=0.015), respectively. For the model with exercise 201Tl SPECT, the strongest predictor was @entity63 perfusion defect (OR, 4.93; 95% CI, 1.72 to 14.08; P=0.003). The absence of ST changes during exercise decreased the risk of events. For the prediction of @entity63 events and/or @entity204 , echocardiographic and 201Tl parameters were the only predictive variables. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 evaluated for @entity453 , exercise echocardiography and 201Tl combined with ECG variables provide comparable prognostic information and can be used interchangeably for risk stratification.

title: Long-term prognostic value of exercise echocardiography compared with exercise 201Tl, ECG, and clinical variables in XXXX evaluated for @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity8205 can be difficult to distinguish from @entity320 . The presence of lymphocytic aggregates in association with a sclerosing melanocytic proliferation is commonly regarded as a feature in support of a diagnosis of @entity320 . However, the finding is not specific for @entity320 . Herein we report six cases of sclerosing @entity8205 with associated lymphocytic aggregates. They occurred in five @entity1 and one @entity1 , ranging in age from 11 to 61 years. Three lesions were sclerosing Spitz nevi; one was an amelanotic sclerosing @entity4482 , one an acquired intradermal sclerosing nevus, and one was a @entity8205 with @entity1463 of its dermal component. The lesions were interpreted as benign, i.e. @entity8205 , because of their histopathologic attributes (symmetric silhouette, benign cytologic features) and results from immunohistochemical studies (all lesions strongly expressed Melan-A and @entity986 ) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Three lesions tested by FISH lacked copy number changes of 11p, 6q or 6p. None of the lesions recurred. The cases highlight that contextual information is essential for the diagnosis of @entity320 and sclerosing nevus. The presence of lymphocytic aggregates per se does not prove that a sclerosing melanocytic proliferation is malignant.

title: XXXX with lymphocytic aggregates.

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['melanocytic nevi', 'congenital compound melanocytic nevus', 'Desmoplastic melanocytic nevi']

entities_list: @entity4482 :: ('MESH:D018329', 'Disease') :: ['blue nevus']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'desmoplastic melanoma']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic melanocytic nevi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic effects of the systemic administration of @entity115 and @entity868 in the full-mouth ultrasonic debridement of @entity1 with severe @entity7278 . METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 presenting at least eight teeth with @entity92 ( @entity92 ) > or =5 mm and @entity548 on probing (BOP) were selected and randomly assigned to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement + placebo (control group) or full-mouth ultrasonic debridement + @entity115 and @entity868 (test group). The clinical outcomes evaluated were visible plaque index, BOP, position of the gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL), and @entity92 . Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for quantitative analysis of @entity3841 (previously @entity3841 ), @entity2523 , and @entity3289 (previously @entity3289 ). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique permitted the detection of @entity1421 @entity1356 , and @entity379 levels in gingival crevicular fluid. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS: At 6 months, the test treatment resulted in lower BOP and an additional reduction (0.83 mm) in @entity92 (P <0.05). Data also showed RAL gain > or =2 mm at 43.52% of sites in control @entity1 compared to 58.03% of sites in test @entity1 (P <0.05). However, both groups had similar mean RAL gain (1.68 and 1.88 mm for the control and test groups, respectively). Real-time PCR and ELISA failed to identify significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in significant clinical improvements; however, there was a slight, but significantly greater, improvement in BOP and the percentage of sites with @entity92 > or =5 mm exhibiting RAL gain > or =2 mm in the test group. Nevertheless, no improvement in the microbiologic or immunologic outcome was observed with the adjunctive use of systemic @entity115 and @entity868 .

title: Full-mouth ultrasonic debridement associated with @entity115 and @entity868 in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2,)']

entities_list: @entity3289 :: ('28112', 'Species') :: ['Tannerella forsythia', 'T. forsythensis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans', 'Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective phase II trial was conducted by the Institute of Oncology, Istanbul University in December 1994 on @entity1 with locally-advanced @entity1149 to assess acute @entity137 and the feasibility of a combination of radiosensitizer and accelerated radiotherapy with concomitant boost. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were irradiated using 'large' fields (primary @entity5 and locoregional lymph nodes) with 1.8 Gy per fraction, five fractions a week. Reduced 'boost' fields (primary and involved nodes only) were also irradiated twice-weekly 1.8 Gy per fraction in ten fractions concomitantly 6 h after the administration of large field. Total radiation dose was 63 Gy in 5 weeks (45 Gy 'large' fields and 18 Gy 'boost'). The maximum allowed dose to the spinal cord was 3750 cGy. @entity900 , 6 mg/m2 was given daily just before 'large' field irradiation. RESULTS: As of January 1997, 15 @entity1 were evaluated (median follow-up of 12.5 months with a range of 5.5-23 months). The overall acute @entity137 rate was 38% and Grade 3 acute @entity137 was 8%. Grade 4 or greater acute @entity137 were not observed. The overall rate of @entity900 -induced @entity390 and @entity391 was 80% (severe in 60%), but all were easily treated with antiemetics. Complete response rate (clinical and radiological) was 40% and an overall response rate was 73%. Median survival was 16 months and progression-free survival was 5.5 months (range of 2.5-21 months). CONCLUSIONS: @entity137 was well tolerated and no treatment-related @entity204 occurred with this combined treatment regimen. Although it appears that better local control rates can be achieved, additional phase II/III studies are needed.

title: A phase II trial, feasibility of combination of daily @entity900 and accelerated radiotherapy via concomitant boost in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum', 'Cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The in vivo role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the development of @entity8 is poorly understood. In the present study, glomerular MAPK activities, including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinases ( @entity6336 ), and transcriptional factor, activator protein-1 (AP-1) were examined in @entity8 of salt-induced @entity101 @entity35 . Six-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) and salt-resistant (Dahl- @entity5698 were maintained on a high-salt (8.0% @entity1219 ) diet for 1, 5, and 10 wk. In Dahl-S @entity35 , as shown by in-gel kinase assay, an increase in BP by a high-salt diet was followed by chronic activation of glomerular ERK and @entity6336 , which continued until 10 wk after a high-salt diet. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the protein expression of glomerular ERK and @entity6336 in Dahl-S @entity35 fed a high-salt diet. As determined by gel-mobility shift assay, ERK and @entity6336 activations were associated with an increase in glomerular AP-1 DNA binding activity. On the other hand, in Dahl- @entity5698 fed a high-salt diet, BP remained normal throughout the experiments. However, glomerular ERK and @entity6336 activities and AP-1 DNA binding activity in Dahl- @entity5698 were not affected by 1 or 5 wk of a high-salt diet, but significantly increased by 10 wk of treatment with a high-salt diet, indicating that chronic @entity1372 overload itself stimulated glomerular ERK and @entity6336 and AP-1 activities. These kinase activations in both Dahl-S and Dahl- @entity5698 were accompanied by an increase in urinary protein excretion and renal growth. These observations provide the first evidence that salt-sensitive @entity101 causes chronic activation of glomerular ERK and @entity6336 , probably leading to the activation of AP-1. Thus, glomerular MAPK may be responsible for the development of salt-induced @entity8 .

title: Chronic activation of glomerular mitogen-activated protein kinases in Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the differences in @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) between @entity1 with @entity5144 with and without @entity209 . METHODS: Eligible @entity1 from the Cardiometabolic Outcome Measures in @entity5144 Study database, which is comprised of both @entity1569 and @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) @entity1 enrolled at 2 academic medical centers, were included. Detailed cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including @entity209 profiles, medication use, disease activity, and @entity1004 , were examined. RESULTS: A total of 343 @entity1 with @entity5144 were evaluated (42.28% with @entity1569 and 57.72% with @entity5144 ). @entity5144 @entity1 were significantly older, with @entity551 , body mass index, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level. @entity5144 @entity1 took more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and @entity288 and underwent more CV procedures. There were no differences in prior CV events, family history of CV risk, and Framingham/Adult Treatment Panel III Risk Score. @entity5144 @entity1 had a higher risk of @entity209 (univariate odds ratio [OR] 1.78 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.08-2.95], P = 0.025). Even after adjusting for age, @entity1851 level, and diastolic blood pressure, @entity5144 @entity1 not taking DMARDs were twice as likely to have @entity209 compared to @entity1569 @entity1 (adjusted OR 2.09 [95% CI 0.78-5.59], P = 0.049). @entity5144 @entity1 with @entity209 had the thickest @entity1004 compared to any other group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5144 @entity1 had an increased prevalence of @entity209 with significantly greater @entity1004 measurements compared to @entity1 with @entity1569 . Furthermore, @entity5144 @entity1 with @entity209 had the greatest @entity1004 measurements compared to @entity5144 @entity1 without @entity209 and @entity1569 @entity1 with or without @entity209 . Incremental increases in inflammatory pathways in @entity5144 may contribute to a higher CV risk as compared to @entity1569 @entity1 .

title: Relationship between @entity209 and @entity1004 : cross-sectional comparison between XXXX and @entity5144 .

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['carotid intima-media thickness', 'CIMT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic disease', 'PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis', 'Psoriatic Arthritis', 'psoriatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['longer disease duration and higher blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is not a common treatment for @entity14 because of its technical difficulties and has a higher incidence of complication. In particular, perforation is one of the severe complications and these @entity1 require surgical intervention. However, whether prophylactic closure after colorectal ESD prevents perforation and other complications is not known. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of prophylactic closure for a large @entity33 after colorectal ESD using a conventional clip and over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system. From April 2010 to December 2012, 68 @entity1 with @entity14 were treated with ESD. The prohylactic closure was indicated for @entity1 with @entity3459 or larger resection size. The closure group reduced the peritoneal inflammatory reaction and abdominal symptoms without increasing complications. The closure group also had a significantly lower WBC count (post operative day 1), CRP (post operative day 4) and @entity490 after colorectal ESD compared to the non-closure group. Perforation occurred in 1 case, and @entity86 in 2 cases, with only 1 bleeding case needing an emergency endoscopy in the non-closure group. One perforation case needed emergency surgery because the endoscopic treatment was ineffective. Without increasing adverse effects, the prophylactic closure efficiently reduced the inflammatory reaction and abdominal symptoms of colorectal ESD in @entity1 with large superficial @entity14 .

title: The efficacy and safety of prophylactic closure for a large XXXX after @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal defect']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['excessive coagulation in the muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucosal defect']


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence of recent coronary @entity715 in a population died of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and to evaluate the relation between its presence and some clinical parameters (age, gender, time interval between the onset of symptoms and @entity204 and cause of @entity204 ). POPULATION AND METHODS: 167 hearts of consecutive @entity1 died of @entity583 and without thrombolytic therapy. Hearts were fixed in @entity406 10% for two weeks and then the epicardial coronary arteries were divided in 5 mm segments, which were examined by visual inspection to identify recent thrombi. Cuts for microscopical observation were obtained in cause of doubt. In each @entity1 a clinical protocol with 64 parameters is performed. In statistical treatment Pearson's dispersion test and Student's t test were used. RESULTS: We found coronary @entity715 in the @entity1188 related artery in 74%. The @entity715 distribution in the epicardiac coronary arteries was the following: 47% in the anterior descendent artery, 27% in the right coronary artery, 21% in the left circumflex and 5% in the left main. The comparison between the groups with and without coronary @entity715 showed no differences in age and gender, but the time interval between @entity583 and @entity204 was shorter in the group with @entity715 . Concerning the different causes of @entity204 ( @entity712 , @entity7086 and others) the coronary @entity715 prevailed in the group with left ventricule free wall @entity397 . There was no influence of the time interval between @entity583 and @entity204 on the larger prevalence of coronary @entity715 found in @entity7086 . CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of recent coronary @entity715 in the @entity1188 related artery was of 74% in this group of @entity1 died of @entity583 without thrombolytic therapy. The presence of coronary @entity715 was not related with @entity1 age or gender. The frequency of coronary @entity715 was inversely proportional to the time interval between @entity583 and @entity204 , and larger in the group with left ventricule free wall @entity397 .

title: [Coronary thrombosis in XXXX who have died of acute @entity583 . A clinico-anatomical study of 167 successive cases].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the response of regular broad- @entity591 (BCT) demonstrating @entity714 ( @entity714 ) to treatment in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review of management of @entity1 with BCT, @entity714 without a history of @entity299 . A diagnosis of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was made if the ECG showed features such as @entity616 , capture or fusion beats or if @entity1165 was demonstrated during electrophysiological studies (EPS). RESULTS: A total of 25 @entity1 were eligible. Nineteen @entity1 were given intravenous (IV) @entity460 channel blockers (either @entity1855 or @entity3988 ), as first line treatment. Of these, 18 converted to sinus rhythm and the other one @entity1 subsequently converted with @entity2643 . The remaining six @entity1 were given IV @entity859 (n=3), @entity3303 (n=2) or @entity2643 (n=1) as first line treatment but none of them were converted. Of these, four of them converted with IV @entity460 channel blockers eventually. Of the other two @entity1 , who were both given @entity3303 initially, one deteriorated haemodynamically with the use of @entity1855 and required synchronised cardioversion to convert. The other @entity1 did not respond to @entity2643 and synchronised cardioversion but was subsequently converted with @entity1855 . The difference between the success rate of @entity460 channel blockers and other anti-arrhythmics is statistically significant (P<0.01 by Fischer's exact method). Fourteen cases had diagnoses of @entity1165 , including the two @entity1 given @entity3303 . Five cases were found to have @entity4710 with @entity713 . Six cases did not have confirmed diagnoses. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting with BCT and @entity714 but without underlying @entity299 , there is evidence to suggest that @entity460 channel blockers could effectively be used as the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX channel blockers as first line treatment for broad @entity591 with @entity714 : ingenuity or folly?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['RBBB', 'right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['aberrant conduction']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Emergency department']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['complex tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: @entity3826 ( @entity3827 ), a dopaminergic agonist used for treatment of @entity191 , is a potent antioxidant. In addition to its antioxidative effects, the dopaminergic and adrenergic effects of Apo were studied. Isolated perfused @entity35 hearts were exposed to 25 min of no-flow global @entity63 (37 degrees C) and 60 min of reperfusion (I/R, control). Drugs were introduced for the first 20 min of reperfusion. The LVDP of the control group recovered to 54.6 +/- 3.3%. Apo-treated hearts had significantly improved recovery (61.6 +/- 5%, p < 0.05). The recovery of the work index LVDP x HR was even bigger: 67.8 +/- 3.7% (Apo treatment) vs 41.7 +/- 4.6% (control, p < 0.001). @entity1767 , a dopaminergic antagonist, did not affect the recovery with Apo. @entity1169 , a beta-adrenergic blocker, initially inhibited the effect of Apo. However, the recovery of the combined group (Apo + @entity1169 ) increased and reached significance (LVDP, p < 0.05 vs control group) after cessation of @entity1169 perfusion. At 60 min of reperfusion this group was superior to Apo-treated hearts (LVDP, p < 0.05). @entity1169 (without Apo) did not improve the hemodynamic recovery. The same pattern of recovery applies also to the recovery of the +dP/dt during the reperfusion. @entity3034 was less effective than Apo. I/R caused significant @entity101 . @entity3826 inhibited the increase in carbonylation. @entity1767 did not affect this beneficial effect of Apo. @entity3034 significantly decreased the carbonylation of proteins. We conclude that the antioxidative effect of Apo is its main mechanism of cardioprotection.

title: XXXX -induced myocardial protection is due to antioxidant and not adrenergic/dopaminergic effects.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in carbonylation of proteins']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol']

answer: @entity3826 :: (MESH:D001058,Chemical) :: ['Apomorphine']


abstract: Milk-based semen diluents are known to be practical and effective in protecting @entity1641 spermatozoa during storage. Due to complex composition of milk, the components which are beneficial or harmful to spermatozoa are unknown. To address these unknowns the effect of various milk fractions on motility of stallion spermatozoa was evaluated. The fractions tested were native phosphocaseinate ( @entity48940 ), beta-casein, whey protein concentrate (WPC), alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, microfiltrate, and ultrafiltrate. The standard reference diluents were INRA 82, commercial skim milk, and Hank's salts solution supplemented with Hepes, @entity413 , @entity1132 (HGLL) supplemented with BSA. After 48 and 96 h storage at 4 or 15 degrees C some milk fractions (ultrafiltrate, microfiltrate, and alpha-lactalbumin fraction) decreased spermatozoal survival. Others (beta-lactoglobulin (BL) and native phosphocaseinate) were protective. Native phosphocaseinate ( @entity48940 ) at milk concentration afforted better protection than did the standard reference diluents. The optimal concentration of beta-lactoglobulin afforted significantly better protection than did BSA. The protection afforded by native phophocaseinate was not synergistic with beta-lactoglobulin. This implies a similar mechanism of protective action of these two components. Semen diluted in HGLL supplemented with @entity48940 ( @entity48940 ) or in INRA 82 and stored 24 h at 15 degrees C or 4 degrees C, respectively, produced no difference of spermatozoal motility. However, fertility of semen stored in @entity48940 (60%) was higher (p < 0.05) than that stored in INRA 82 (36%).

title: Effect of milk fractions on survival of XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Advancing age is an independent risk factor for @entity955 ( @entity955 ), which is considered to be initiated by ectopic triggers and maintained by an arrhythmogenic substrate. It is not known whether substrate changes produce this age-related increase in propensity toward @entity955 . We addressed the hypothesis that advancing age is associated with changes in biatrial electrophysiology even in @entity1 with no history of @entity943 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with left-sided accessory pathways and requiring routine electrophysiological studies were recruited. Electroanatomic mapping was performed in the left and right atria of 23 @entity1 (age ranging from 17 to 75 years) with structurally normal hearts and no history of @entity955 during sinus rhythm and pacing. Unlike previous studies, a trigonometric method was used to quantify wavefront propagation velocities (WPV) precisely in the direction of propagation. Refractoriness was measured at 2 cycle lengths, at three different atrial sites. Both right (r =-0.77, P < 0.0001) and left (r =-0.79, P < 0.001) atrial WPV demonstrated strongly inverse correlation with age. Furthermore, left and right WPVs were highly correlated (r = 0.66, P < 0.01), with velocities being 6.4 +/- 2.2 cm/sec higher in the right atria (P < 0.01). Refractoriness was significantly correlated with increasing age only at the septum (r = 0.53, P < 0.01). Left atrial wavelength was inversely correlated with increasing age (r =-0.56, P = 0.03). P wave duration was associated with age (r = 0.42, P = 0.04) and left atrial size (r = 0.44, P = 0.04) but not atrial WPV. CONCLUSION: Aging @entity1 atria demonstrate progressive decline in WPV and increase in septal refractoriness. These age-related changes in biatrial electrophysiology are likely to be important factors in the age-related increase in @entity955 prevalence.

title: Age-related changes in XXXX left and right atrial conduction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to derive gender-specific cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) reference values for normative left ventricular (LV) anatomy and function in a healthy adult population of clinically relevant age. BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging is increasingly applied in the clinical setting, but age-relevant, gender-specific normative values are currently unavailable. METHODS: A representative sample of 318 @entity299 ( @entity299 ) Offspring @entity1 free of clinically overt @entity65 underwent CMR examination to determine LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (EDV and @entity5778 , respectively), mass, ejection fraction (EF) and linear dimensions (wall thickness, @entity3656 ). Subjects with a clinical history of @entity101 or those with a systolic blood pressure > or =140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure > or =90 mm Hg at any @entity299 cycle examination were excluded, leaving 142 subjects (63 @entity1 , 79 @entity1 ; age 57 +/- 9 years). RESULTS: All volumetric (EDV, @entity5778 , mass) and unidimensional measures were significantly greater (p < 0.001) in @entity1 than in @entity1 and remained greater (p < 0.02) after adjustment for subject height. Volumetric measures were greater (p < 0.001) in @entity1 than in @entity1 after adjustment for body surface area (BSA), but there were increased linear dimensions in @entity1 after adjustment for BSA. In particular, end-diastolic dimension indexed to BSA was greater in @entity1 (p < 0.001) than in @entity1 . There were no gender differences in global LVEF ( @entity1 = 0.69; @entity1 = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance measures of LV volumes, mass and linear dimensions differ significantly according to gender and body size. This study provides gender-specific normal CMR reference values, uniquely derived from a population-based sample of @entity1 free of @entity65 and clinical @entity101 . These data may serve as a reference to identify LV pathology in the adult population.

title: Gender differences and normal left ventricular anatomy in an adult population free of XXXX . A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study of the @entity299 Offspring cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'participants', 'women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3656 :: ('MESH:D007870', 'Disease') :: ['cavity length']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Framingham Heart Study', 'FHS']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: AIMS: Potassium channel openers (KCOs) are of potential therapeutic value. Little is known about the effect of these drugs on @entity1 conduit arteries used as coronary bypass grafts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the KCO aprikalim ( @entity28080 ) on @entity1 arteries used as coronary bypass grafts with emphasis on the possible difference in the inhibitory effect on depolarizing agent-mediated rather than receptor-mediated contraction. METHODS: @entity1 internal mammary artery segments (IMA, n = 88) taken from 28 @entity1 were studied. Concentration-relaxation curves for aprikalim were established in IMA precontracted with three vasoconstrictors (K+, @entity2872 , and @entity2647 ). In IMA rings incubated with aprikalim (1 or 30 microM) for 10 min concentration-contraction curves for the three vasoconstrictors were constructed. RESULTS: Aprikalim-induced relaxation was less in K+ (37.3 +/- 6.4%) than in @entity2872 (80.2 +/- 7.7%, P=0.002), or @entity2647 (67.5 +/- 7.0%, P=0.038) -precontracted IMA. The EC50 for K+-(-5.40 +/- 0.12 log M) was significantly higher than that for @entity2647 (-6.43 +/- 0.30 log M, P=0.007) but not significant compared with that for @entity2872 (-5.81 +/- 0.11, P>0.05). Pretreatment with aprikalim depressed the contraction by @entity2647 from 140.6 +/- 27.6% to 49.3 +/- 14.1% (P=0.002) and shifted the EC50 11.0-fold higher in rings treated with 1 microM aprikalim (P=0.007). Treatment of aprikalim did not significantly reduce the K+ and @entity2872 -induced contraction (P>0.05) but shifted the concentration-contraction curves rightward (2.8-fold higher for K+, P<0.05 and 2.2-fold higher for @entity2872 , P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that aprikalim has vasorelaxant effects in @entity1 conduit arteries used as coronary artery bypass grafts contracted by a variety of vasoconstrictors and this effect is vasoconstrictor-selective with greater potency for alpha1-adrenoceptor agonists than for depolarizing agent K+. These findings provide information on the possible use of this KCO in various clinical settings.

title: Inhibition of vasoconstriction by potassium channel opener aprikalim in XXXX conduit arteries used as bypass grafts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel (KATP channel) has been implicated in the mechanism underlying ischaemic preconditioning protection. This study based on @entity1 atrium compared the protective effects of ischaemic preconditioning with pre-operative @entity7976 (a KATP channel opener with @entity1507 actions). We also examined the added effect of ischaemic preconditioning to that of @entity7976 on ischaemic protection. The protective effects of other KATP channel openers devoid of @entity1507 actions were also examined. Atrial trabeculae harvested from @entity1 undergoing routine myocardial revascularisation were divided on the basis of whether @entity1 had been ingesting @entity7976 orally preoperatively. Trabeculae were superfused with oxygenated Tyrode's solution and following stabilisation underwent 90 minutes simulated ischaemia followed by 120 minutes reoxygenation (n = 6 per group). Atrial trabeculae exposed to @entity7976 underwent either no treatment (N), or ischaemic preconditioning (N + PC) using 3 minutes simulated ischaemia and 7 minutes reoxygenation prior to the 90 minutes simulated ischaemia. Similarly trabeculae not exposed to @entity7976 underwent either no treatment, controls (C), or ischaemic preconditioning (PC). The experimental endpoint was recovery of contractile function presented as percentage baseline function. Further groups were examined using other KATP channels openers with and without ischaemic preconditioning. In the control group, following 120 minutes reoxygentation the recovery of function reached 28.8 +/- 3.5%. In contrast, exposure to @entity7976 alone improved recovery of function (55.5% +/- 5.3) to a similar extent as PC (55.3% +/- 2.5) when compared to controls (p < 0.05, ANOVA). The addition of ischaemic preconditioning to @entity7976 exposure abolished protection (29.7% +/- 3.1 ). Findings were confirmed using the other KATP channels openers. Clinically available @entity7976 appears to afford ischaemic protection to isolated @entity1 atrial muscle. The addition of a short ischaemic episode to @entity7976 exposure seems to completely abolish this protection. Although the mechanism underlying this effect remains unknown, we believe that this observation may have clinical implications.

title: Ischaemic preconditioning may abolish the protection afforded by @entity855 -sensitive XXXX channel openers in isolated @entity1 atrial muscle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Behavioral symptoms are common in @entity303 , and seem to be more frequent in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Agitation is frequently responsible for caregiver burn-out and leads to institutionalization. The dramatic increase in the prevalence of @entity195 and @entity74 requires better management of behavior symptoms. Although environmental adaptation has been proposed recently, for many years, psychoactive medications and physical restraints were the primary approach. However, in severely demented @entity1 , both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments are inoperative. In this situation, alternative pharmacologic approach should be tested. @entity3429 , an antiandrogen and progestative @entity134 has never been proposed to prevent @entity146 in @entity303 , but its favorable effect is well described in @entity35 and monkey aggressivity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity3429 was proposed for 19 demented @entity1 who developed severe @entity146 or an @entity2146 unresponsive to psychoactive drugs (even in association) or to environmental adaptation. Clinical and behavioral analysis was carried out using the Cohen-Mansfield @entity2146 inventory associated with an assessment of dependency in daily life activities, before and during treatment with @entity3429 . The behavioral status was stable, with permanent or repetitive @entity2146 . Seven @entity1 had @entity1294 , 7 had @entity195 , 2 had fronto-temporal degeneration, 2 had @entity2033 and 1 a probable diffuse Lewy bodies disease. Fifteen @entity1 had prominent @entity146 and 4 had predominant aberrant motor behavior with @entity146 . RESULTS: @entity16844 (50 to 100mg - mean: 92.5mg daily) improved significantly aggressive and @entity146 related to @entity195 or @entity1294 but had no effect on aberrant motor behavior. When @entity16844 was stopped, @entity146 reappeared more rapidly in @entity1294 . CONCLUSION: @entity3429 is then an interesting choice when @entity146 is not improved with psychotropic drugs. A detailed clinical analysis is required to avoid the use of @entity16844 in non-aggressive and non-impulsive @entity1 . The results of this preliminary study suggest a randomized double-blind study should be carried out in the near future. The behavior improvement could be related to the blockage of @entity342 receptors, and simultaneously to the sedative effect of progestative drugs.

title: [Preliminary pilot study of @entity3429 for the treatment of XXXX associated with severe @entity303 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate', 'Cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behaviors', 'aggressive behavior', 'impulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity16844 :: ('MESH:D003534', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyproterone', 'cyproterone']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['related disorders']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive behavior']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 promote the development of @entity731 and @entity301 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity3413 80 mg/day will be more effective than @entity3413 40 mg/day at reducing LDL @entity165 and will be well tolerated. METHODS: Two similar, randomized, multicenter, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, 48-week studies were performed to evaluate the long-term lipid-altering efficacy and safety of @entity3413 80 mg/day in @entity1 with @entity1007 . One study conducted in the US enrolled @entity1 meeting the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) LDL @entity165 criteria for pharmacologic treatment. In the other multinational study, @entity1 with LDL @entity165 levels > or = 4.2 mmol/l were enrolled. At 20 centers in the US and 19 countries world-wide, 1,105 @entity753 @entity1 , while on a lipid-lowering diet, were randomly assigned at a ratio of 2:3 to receive @entity3413 40 mg (n = 436) or 80 mg (n = 669) once daily for 24 weeks. Those @entity1 completing an initial 24-week base study were enrolled in a 24-week blinded extension. @entity1 who had started on the 80 mg dose in the base study continued on the same dose in the extension, while those who had started on the 40 mg dose were rerandomized at a 1:1 ratio to @entity3413 40 or 80 mg in the extension. RESULTS: There was a significant advantage in the LDL @entity165 -lowering effect of the 80 mg dose compared with that of the 40 mg dose, which was maintained over the 48 weeks of treatment. The mean percentage reductions (95% confidence intervals) from baseline in LDL @entity165 for the 40 and 80 mg groups were 41% (42, 39) and 47% (48, 46), respectively, for the 24-week base study, and 41% (43, 39) and 46% (47, 45), respectively, after 48 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001 between groups). Larger reductions in total @entity165 and @entity1674 were also observed with the 80 mg dose compared with the 40 mg dose at Weeks 24 and 48. Both doses were well tolerated, with close to 95% of @entity1 enrolled completing the entire 48 weeks of treatment. @entity121 (muscle symptoms plus @entity908 kinase increase > 10 fold upper limit of normal) and clinically significant hepatic transaminase increases (> 3 times the upper limit of normal) occurred infrequently with both doses. There was no significant difference between the groups in the number of @entity1 with such increases, although there were more cases for both with the 80 mg dose. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the 40 mg dose, @entity3413 80 mg produced greater reductions in LDL @entity165 , total @entity165 , and @entity1674 . Both doses were well tolerated.

title: Lipid-altering efficacy and safety of @entity3413 80 mg/day: long-term experience in a large group of @entity1 with XXXX . World Wide Expanded Dose @entity3413 Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['Simvastatin', 'simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: Clinical studies have demonstrated that @entity3099 -specific antibodies can be detrimental to a transplanted kidney. The number of @entity1 affected is proportional to the frequency of DP antibodies. We determined the frequency of @entity3099 -specific antibodies en toto and in the absence of cross-reactive DR antibodies. Of 650 waitlisted renal @entity1 , 271 (42%) were reactive with @entity3099 antigens in solid-phase immunoassays. Of these 271 sera, 58 (21%) were negative for reactivity with cross-reactive DR antigens, and 16 (5.9%) had no class II antibody other than DP. Eliminating sera containing DR cross-reactive antibodies reduced the frequency but not the overall strength of DP antibodies. Although most DP antibodies were not expected to yield a positive @entity137 crossmatch, 2 DP-specific antibodies yielded cytotoxic crossmatch tests with titers of >512. The occurrence of @entity3099 -specific antibody differed significantly between previously transplanted (62%) and nontransplanted (38%) @entity1 , but no difference was observed among @entity1 categorized by race or sex. One serum demonstrated strong cross-reactivity between DP and @entity1533 *01:03 in the absence of @entity5958 or @entity23044 reactivity. Sequence alignments were performed and a possible new cross-reactivity between @entity1533 *01:03 and @entity6294 , @entity51587 , DP10, DP13, DP16, and DP17 was defined. Two additional sera confirmed this cross-reactivity.

title: Frequency of XXXX -specific antibodies and a possible new cross-reacting group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity3099 :: (3115,Gene) :: ['HLA-DP']