abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and fasting indices of @entity413 homoeostasis, in a Greek adult population. METHODS: During 2001-2002 we randomly enrolled 1514 @entity1 and 1528 @entity1 (18-89 years old) without history of CVD, from the Attica area. @entity6 (type 2) and impaired fasting @entity413 (IFG) were defined according to the established ADA criteria. Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA-IR. Dietary habits were assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire and a diet score (range 0-55) was developed (higher values means greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity2175 was 7.9% in @entity1 and 6.0% in @entity1 (P = 0.05). Mean diet score was 26.3 +/- 6.8 in normoglycemic, 25.7 +/- 6.4 in IFG and 22.2 +/- 5.8 in @entity6 subjects (p < 0.001). In normoglycemic subjects who were in the upper tertile of the diet score we observed 7% lower @entity413 (p < 0.05), 5% lower insulin (p < 0.05) and 15% lower HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) levels compared to subjects in the lower tertile of the diet score. Additionally, in @entity6 /IFG @entity1 who where in the upper tertile of the diet score we observed 15% lower @entity413 (p < 0.05), 15% lower insulin (p < 0.05) and 27% lower HOMA-IR (p < 0.01) levels compared to those in the lower tertile. However, multiple regression analysis, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, smoking status, and presence of @entity101 and @entity1007 , confirmed the previous associations in normoglycemic, but not in @entity6 /IFG @entity1 . CONCLUSION: An inverse association was observed between adherence to Mediterranean diet and indices of @entity413 homeostasis, only in normoglycemic @entity1 .

title: The association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fasting indices of XXXX homoeostasis: the ATTICA Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: Glucocorticoids are @entity134 hormones with important functions in development, immune regulation, and @entity413 metabolism. The adrenal glands are the predominant source of glucocorticoids; however, there is increasing evidence for extraadrenal glucocorticoid synthesis in thymus, brain, skin, and vascular endothelium. We recently identified intestinal epithelial cells as an important source of glucocorticoids, which regulate the activation of local intestinal immune cells. The molecular regulation of intestinal glucocorticoid synthesis is currently unexplored. In this study we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the steroidogenic enzymes P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme and 11beta-hydroxylase, and the production of @entity2819 in the @entity19 intestinal epithelial cell line mICcl2 and compared it with that in the adrenocortical cell line Y1. Surprisingly, we observed a reciprocal stimulation pattern in these two cell lines. Elevation of intracellular @entity268 induced the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in Y1 cells, whereas it inhibited steroidogenesis in mICcl2 cells. In contrast, @entity4621 induced steroidogenic enzymes in intestinal epithelial cells, which was synergistically enhanced upon transfection of cells with the nuclear receptors steroidogenic factor-1 ( @entity35686 ) and @entity42684 ( @entity42684 ). Finally, we observed that basal and @entity42684 / @entity4621 -induced expression of steroidogenic enzymes in mICcl2 cells was inhibited by the antagonistic nuclear receptor small heterodimer partner. We conclude that the molecular basis of glucocorticoid synthesis in intestinal epithelial cells is distinct from that in adrenal cells, most likely representing an adaptation to the local environment and different requirements.

title: Differential regulation of glucocorticoid synthesis in XXXX intestinal epithelial versus adrenocortical cell lines.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Brain colonization by @entity3 cells offers a unique opportunity to investigate microenvironmental influences on the @entity5 . The bi-directional interplay of @entity0 cells (mesodermal origin) and brain cells (neuroectodermal origin) is poorly understood and rarely investigated. In our @entity1 undergoing neurosurgical resection of breast-to-brain @entity3 , specimens from the @entity5 /brain interface exhibited @entity2915 as previously described. In addition, our histological characterization revealed infiltration of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) both outside and inside the @entity5 margin, leading us to investigate the cellular and molecular interactions between NPCs and @entity3 . Since signaling by the TGF-b superfamily is involved in both developmental neurobiology and @entity0 pathogenesis, we examined the role of these proteins in the context of brain @entity3 . The brain-metastatic @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231Br (231Br) expressed @entity1841 at significantly higher levels compared to its matched primary @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231 (231). Co-culturing was used to examine bi-directional cellular effects and the relevance of @entity1841 overexpression. When co-cultured with NPCs, 231 (primary) @entity5 cells failed to proliferate over 15 days. However, 231Br (brain metastatic) @entity5 cells co-cultured with NPCs escaped growth inhibition after day 5 and proliferated, occurring in parallel with @entity11408 differentiation into astrocytes. Using shRNA and gene knock-in, we then demonstrated @entity1841 secreted by 231Br cells mediated @entity11408 differentiation into astrocytes and concomitant @entity5 cell proliferation in vitro. In xenografts, overexpression of @entity1841 in primary @entity0 cells significantly enhanced their ability to engraft and colonize the brain, thereby creating a metastatic phenotype. Conversely, @entity1841 knockdown in metastatic @entity0 cells significantly diminished engraftment and colonization. The results suggest @entity3 cells create a permissive neural niche by steering @entity11408 differentiation toward astrocytes through paracrine @entity1841 signaling.

title: Co-evolution of breast-to-brain XXXX and neural progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplastic process']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased active gliosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The predictive ability of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) is an important factor governing the program sensitivity of neonatal hearing screens. The study examined the accuracy of the click-evoked auditory brainstem response (ck-ABR) when undertaken below the age of 6 months (from expected date of delivery) in predicting the pure-tone thresholds subsequently found to be present in @entity1 with a @entity393 . DESIGN: @entity1 with permanent @entity393 were ascertained from neonatal screening programs that have been subject to longitudinal evaluation. Ninety-two @entity1 who had ck-ABR recorded when below 6 months of age and repeatable ear specific pure-tone audiometry were recruited. Those with recognized temporary @entity2171 at either test were excluded. The relationship between ABR and pure-tone thresholds was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient with a linear regression model used to estimate pure-tone threshold (dependent variable) from ABR (independent variable). Correlation coefficients were obtained for pure-tone frequencies at octave intervals between 0.25 kHz and 4 kHz and at various frequency combinations. The difference between ABR and pure-tone threshold was analyzed. Those with a difference of greater than 20 dB were further examined. The ABR and pure-tone differences were also compared in babies born at term and prematurely. RESULTS: Of the 92 @entity1 recruited to the study two @entity1 had a confirmed @entity16 (2%) and 10 (11%) had an audiometrically confirmed progressive @entity393 . When these @entity1 were excluded, there was a high linear positive correlation (r = 0.90, SE = 14.3 dB) between the ABR and pure-tone thresholds averaged at 2 to 4 kHz. Although the correlation varied for different audiometric configurations, in all cases with a sloping @entity393 the correlation with their best frequency was weaker than the correlation at 2 to 4 kHz. For the total cohort the mean difference between ABR and pure-tone thresholds averaged at 2 to 4 kHz was 4.4 dB (SD = 19.29). The modal difference was 0 dB (58%) and 76 % had a difference of 20 dB or less. ABR underestimated the subsequently recorded pure-tone thresholds by more than 20 dB in 11 @entity1 and 10 of these @entity1 showed progression of their @entity393 measured by serial pure-tone audiometry. ABR overestimated the pure-tone thresholds by more than 20 dB in 15 @entity1 . Nine of these @entity1 (60%) had suffered a perinatal illness and the mean difference between the pure-tone and ABR thresholds was significantly greater in those born at <35 weeks of gestation (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high positive linear correlation between ck-ABR and pure-tone average thresholds at 2 to 4 kHz. However, the predictive value of ABR is reduced in certain neonatal groups. The cause for this is discussed as are the implications for undertaking a test battery at this age to improve the predictive accuracy.

title: Predicting the degree of XXXX using click auditory brainstem response in babies referred from newborn hearing screening.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear effusions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'childhood hearing impairment', 'hearing impairment', 'congenital permanent childhood hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: 1. @entity2945 -reactive protein (PRP) affinity-purified from @entity4576 (Ictalurus punctatus) serum on @entity2945 - @entity3367 , eluted from Bio-Gel A-5M as a 94.6 +/- 2.4 kDa protein when the gel filtration column buffer (Tris-saline) contained 25mM @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ). 2. PRP chelated with @entity1098 immediately after affinity purification and gel-filtered in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , eluted as a 75.5 +/- 2.67 kDa protein referred to as fast-PRP (F-PRP). 3. PRP and F-PRP were identical on @entity214 -PAGE. Both resolved as a broad band of protein (ca 86-100 kDa) on non-reducing gels or as a ca 100 kDa protein after reduction with @entity6514 (2-ME). 4. After gel-filtration in Tris-saline- @entity1098 , nearly complete reduction of 100 kDa PRP was achieved on @entity214 -PAGE. However, the protein regained its resistance to reduction upon storage at -60 degrees C. 5. @entity214 -PAGE and native PAGE also revealed that during storage, PRP and F-PRP combined to form 3 different aggregates referred to as aggregated-PRP (aggPRP). These aggregates are readily dissociated in the presence of 2-ME, suggesting a covalent interaction between adjacent pentamers comprising decameric aggPRPs. 6. PRP, F-PRP, and aggPRP have similar @entity535 compositions.

title: Chelation affects the conformation, lability and aggregation of XXXX ( @entity4576 ) @entity2945 -reactive protein (PRP).

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity6514 :: ('MESH:D008623', 'Chemical') :: ['2-mercaptoethanol']

entities_list: @entity3367 :: ('MESH:D012685', 'Chemical') :: ['Sepharose']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorylcholine', 'Phosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['channel catfish']


abstract: High performance @entity505 fiber reinforced composites with controllable @entity2693 could revolutionize the use of composite materials in structural applications. Here we describe a structural material, which has a @entity2693 that can be actively controlled on demand. Such a material could have applications in morphing wings or deployable structures. A @entity505 fiber reinforced- @entity990 composite is described that can undergo an 88% reduction in flexural @entity2693 at elevated temperatures and fully recover when cooled, with no discernible damage or loss in properties. Once the @entity2693 has been reduced, the required deformations can be achieved at much lower actuation forces. For this proof-of-concept study a thin @entity2975 ( @entity2975 ) layer was electrocoated onto @entity505 fibers that were then embedded into an @entity990 matrix via resin infusion. Heating the @entity2975 coating above its glass transition temperature caused it to soften and allowed the fibers to slide within the matrix. To produce the @entity2693 change the @entity505 fibers were used as resistance heating elements by passing a current through them. When the @entity2975 coating had softened, the ability of the interphase to transfer load to the fibers was significantly reduced, greatly lowering the @entity13875 . By changing the moisture content in @entity2975 fiber coating, the temperature at which the @entity2975 softens and the composites undergo a reduction in @entity2693 can be tuned.

title: High performance composites with active XXXX control.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'PAAm']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['flexural stiffness of the composite']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity2693 :: (MESH:C566112,Disease) :: ['stiffness']


abstract: An immunohistochemical investigation of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) using the monoclonal anti-alpha-SM-1 antibody was carried out in 15 normal ovaries, in three ovaries with @entity1373 and in 27 neoplastic ovaries. In selected cases the pattern of actin isoforms was examined by means of 2 D-gel electrophoresis. In addition, the tissues were stained for @entity2277 and @entity2283 . In normal ovaries alpha-SM actin was found in the inner cortex and in the theca externa. In @entity43 expression of alpha-SM actin was minimal or absent. In primary and metastatic @entity5 there was positive stromal staining for alpha-SM actin, especially in the vicinity of epithelial elements. This tended to be more widespread in @entity5 . Thecomas did not express alpha-SM-actin and could thus be differentiated from @entity2909 which stained intensely for alpha-SM actin. Only focal stromal staining of alpha-SM actin was observed in granulosa and germ cell @entity5 . In all the tissues studied blood vessels were strongly positive for alpha-SM actin. @entity2283 , although present in the stroma of most of the specimens, was less abundant than alpha-SM actin. We concluded that alpha-SM actin is a component of the normal @entity1 ovary where it may contribute to the contractility of its stroma. Its absence in the normal outer cortex and theca interna, and in @entity1373 and @entity17815 implies that sex hormones do not constitute a stimulus for alpha-SM actin production in the ovary. Among @entity5 it is most widely represented in the stroma of @entity5 in which it may reflect stromal stimulation mediated by neoplastic epithelium.

title: Alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) in normal @entity1 ovaries, in @entity43 and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stromal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasms', 'epithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['stromal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the relationship of @entity6817 therapy and cardiovascular risk factors to changes in @entity731 in the carotid artery. METHODS AND RESULTS: Carotid magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate 106 hyperlipidemic @entity1 at baseline and after 12  months of @entity8444 inhibitor ( @entity6817 ) treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with progression (change in carotid wall volume >0) or regression (change <= 0) of @entity2998 . Computed tomography coronary @entity460 scores were obtained at baseline for all @entity1 . The median age was 65  years (interquartile range 60-69 years), and 63% of the @entity1 were male. Body mass index >30, elevated @entity1851 , and @entity101 were associated with increased carotid wall volume ( @entity28 : odds ratio for progression 4.6, 95% CI 1.8-12.4, P<0.01; @entity1851 : odds ratio for progression 2.56, 95% CI 1.17-5.73, P=0.02; @entity101 : odds ratio 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.3, P<0.05). Higher @entity6817 dose was associated with regression of carotid wall volume (P<0.05). In multivariable analysis, @entity28 remained associated with progression (P<0.01), whereas @entity6817 use remained associated with regression (P<0.05). Change in @entity1856 volume in @entity28 @entity1 was +4.8% versus -4.2% in nonobese @entity1 (P<0.05) despite greater low-density lipoprotein @entity165 reduction in @entity28 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In a population with @entity407 , @entity28 @entity1 showed @entity1856 progression despite optimized @entity6817 therapy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01212900.

title: Obesity Is Associated With Progression of @entity731 During XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8444 :: ('3156', 'Gene') :: ['3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity6817 :: (D019821,Chemical) :: ['Statin']


abstract: The @entity844 composition of retina phospholipids from developing chicks was investigated to determine what changes, if any, occur in the relative levels of @entity1474 . Embryonic chicks were killed at 3-day intervals from day 6 through hatching (day 21), and at 1 week post-hatch. @entity1718 were prepared from retina phospholipids and were analysed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. A comparison of the composition of yolk taken on day 6 with retinas isolated on that day revealed a much greater proportion of @entity1474 in the latter, suggesting an ability of the embryo to metabolize selectively @entity1474 at this early stage of development. Throughout the time course studied, @entity1718 constituted 50% of all @entity1718 , most of which was due to @entity7609 (16:0; 33-41%). Among other @entity1718 , @entity18257 (14:0) increased to maximal levels by day 18, then declined, while @entity3106 (18:0) was minimal on day 12 and then increased. @entity1474 varied between 14 and 23% of total @entity1718 , depending on the developmental stage. One of the most remarkable changes in @entity1474 occurred in the levels of 22:4 (n-6). The proportion of this single @entity844 decreased from 9.4 to 2.4% between days 15 and 18. Relative levels of 22:5 (n-6) increased significantly between day 21 and 1 week post-hatch, from 1.1 to 3.2%. In this same time period, the proportion of 22:6 (n-3), the @entity844 known to be prominent in the outer segments of rod-dominant retinas, did not change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX composition of phospholipids from chick neural retina during development.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity3106 :: ('MESH:C031183', 'Chemical') :: ['stearic acid']

entities_list: @entity18257 :: ('MESH:D019814', 'Chemical') :: ['myristic acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'polyunsaturated fatty acids', 'unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids', 'fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['Fatty acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls a large number of systems affecting pathogenicity. Interrupting this communication system can provide nonvirulent pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-quorum sensing (anti-QS) potential of an @entity41051 mixture isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens, a medicinal plant known as "cuachalalate", to prevent the onset of @entity2348 as an alternate to antibiotics. METHODS: Initially we investigated the anti-QS activity of A. adstringens @entity4315 extract (HE) by the inhibition of @entity15135 production in @entity15133 . From the active HE, an @entity36327 mixture (AAM) was obtained. The anti-quorum sensing activity of AAM was investigated by the rhamnolipid and @entity24206 production constraint as well as decrease of elastase activity, all being quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors expressed in the pathogenic bacteria @entity796 . RESULTS: HE induced a 91.6% of inhibition of the violecin production at 55  g/mL concentration, whereas AAM showed 94% of inhibition at 166  g/mL. In both cases, inhibition of @entity15135 production did not affect the viability of the bacterium. AAM inhibited @entity24206 (86% at 200  g/mL) and rhamnolipid (91% at 500  g/mL) production in a dose/response form and decrease the elastase (75% at 500  g/mL) activity in @entity796 without affecting its development. CONCLUSIONS: Because an anacardic acids mixture isolated from A. adstringens demonstrated anti-QS, it could be further exploited for novel molecules to treat the emerging infections of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.

title: Amphypterygium adstringens XXXX mixture inhibits quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of @entity15133 and @entity796 .

entities_list: @entity24206 :: ('MESH:D011710', 'Chemical') :: ['pyocyanin']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity15135 :: ('MESH:C063155', 'Chemical') :: ['violacein']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum']

entities_list: @entity41051 :: ('MESH:D048729', 'Chemical') :: ['anacardic acids']

entities_list: @entity36327 :: ('MESH:C088115', 'Chemical') :: ['anacardic acid']

answer: @entity36327 :: (MESH:C088115,Chemical) :: ['anacardic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of the autologous bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enriched by the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) film implantation on the myocardial structure, cardiac function, and compensatory circulation after @entity583 in the @entity1237 . METHODS: Sixteen black @entity1237 were selected and divided randomly into the control group (n= 8)and the experimental group (n= 8). The chronic @entity583 models were made by the ligation of the far end of the left anterior descending coronary artery. At the same time, MSCs were aspired from the thigh bone of the @entity1237 in the experimental group. MSCs were isolated by the centrifugation through a percoll step gradient and purified by the plating culture and depletion of the non-adherent cells. Primary MSCs were cultured in the DMEM medium supplemented with the fetal bovine serum in vitro. After that, the cultures were labeled by 5- @entity1603 . The active cells were transplanted into the SIS film. Six weeks after the ligation, the MSCs-SIS film was implanted by its being sutured onto the @entity1188 area; whereas, the control group underwent a sham-operation. In both groups, echocardiographic measurements were performed before @entity1188 , 6 weeks after @entity1188 and 6 weeks after the MSC-collagen implantation, respectively, to assess the myocardial structure and cardiac function. The left coronary artery angiography was performed with the digital subtraction angiography. RESULTS: In an assessment of the left ventricular function, at 6 weeks after operation, the @entity64 volume and the ejection fraction of the control group and the experimental group were 42.81+/-4.91, 37. 06+/-4.75 ml and 59.20%+/-5.41%, 44.56% +/-4.23%, respectively (P<0.05). The end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume of the control group and the experimental group were 72.55+/-8.13, 83.31+/-8.61 ml and 29.75+/-5. 98, 46.25+/-6.68 ml, respectively (P<0. 05). The maximal velocity of peak E of control group and experimental group were 54. 85+/-6.35 cm/s and 43.14+/-4.81cm/s (P<0. 01); and the maximal velocity of peak A of control group and experimental group were 52.33+/-6.65 cm/s and 56.91+/-6.34 cm/s (P>0. 05). Echocardiography showing a distinctly dilatation of left ventricle with the @entity910 in control group, but without the @entity910 in experimental group. The selective-coronary angiography revealed that the obvious compensatory circulation established between the anterior descending branch and the left circumflex branch in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the autologous MSCs enriched by the SIS film can prevent dilatation of the left ventricular chamber and can improve the contractile ability of the myocardium, cardiac function, and collateral perfusion.

title: [Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enriched by small intestinal submucosal films on cardiac function and compensatory circulation after XXXX in @entity1237 ].

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Thirty six members of a family with symptoms and signs from the skin and/or the joints were examined clinically and radiologically and HLA typed. Fourteen were classified as having @entity32 , eight of them with more than one disease within the @entity5145 group (SpA). Four had @entity1569 of the skin, two of whom had @entity5144 . Ten (five males, five females) had radiological signs of @entity6592 , eight of them fulfilled the criteria for SpA. Five (four males, one female) with @entity6592 had radiological signs of spine involvement. One female member was classified as having @entity309 . Seven with @entity6592 were @entity1530 positive, related to the same haplotype. Two with @entity1569 were B27 positive and the other two had another haplotype in common. No single HLA antigen or haplotype was associated with the inflammatory joint manifestations or @entity272 . This suggests involvement of other gene loci or coincidence of multicases.

title: A multicase family with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory joint disease']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondylarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity5145 :: (MESH:D025242,Disease) :: ['spondylarthropathies']


abstract: The @entity1570 ( @entity1570 ) @entity31407 gene polymorphism has been implicated in susceptibility to @entity5 , but the results were inconclusive. The current study was to precisely investigate the association between @entity1570 @entity31407 polymorphism and @entity5 risk using meta-analysis and the false positive report probability (FPRP) test. All 17,876 @entity1 were included in the study. The meta-analysis results indicated a significant association between the @entity1570 @entity31407 polymorphism and @entity5 risk. By subgroup analyses, the results detected that the @entity1570 @entity31407 polymorphism was associated with @entity5 susceptibility among Asians and Caucasians. Additionally, we also found significant associations between the @entity1570 @entity31407 polymorphism and susceptibility to different types of @entity5 . However, to avoid a "false positive report", we further investigated the significant associations observed in the present meta-analysis using the FPRP test. Interestingly, the results of the FPRP test indicated that only 4 gene models were truly associated with @entity5 risk, especially in Asians. Moreover, we confirmed that the @entity1570 @entity31407 gene polymorphism was only associated with lung and @entity5 risk. In summary, this study suggested that the @entity1570 @entity31407 polymorphism may serve as a risk factor for @entity5 development among Asians, especially an increased risk of @entity2 .

title: The @entity1570 @entity31407 Polymorphism is Associated with Cancer Risk: An Update Pooled Analysis and FPRP Test of 17,876 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'urologic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1570 :: ('6387', 'Gene') :: ['stromal cell derived factor-1', 'SDF-1']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['urologic and lung cancers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Participants']


abstract: @entity3646 plays a critical role in the differentiation of TCR-stimulated naive @entity404 T cells to the Th2 phenotype. In response to @entity3646 , the @entity9597 activates a set of @entity10393 binding domain-containing proteins, including @entity27019 , @entity9703 , and @entity9597 interacting protein, as well as @entity8850 . @entity8850 has been shown to be required for Th2 differentiation. To determine the roles of the @entity10393 binding adaptors in Th2 differentiation, we prepared a retrovirus containing a mutant of the @entity1 (h) @entity9597 -chain, @entity43555 , which is unable to recruit these adaptors. The mutant @entity9597 , as well as the wild-type (WT) @entity9597 , was introduced into naive @entity404 T cells. Upon @entity3646 stimulation, @entity43555 worked as well as the WT @entity9597 in driving Th2 differentiation, as measured by @entity9388 up-regulation and @entity3646 production. Furthermore, @entity3646 -driven cell expansion was also normal in the cells infected with @entity43555 , although cells infected with @entity43555 were not capable of phosphorylating @entity21320 . These results suggest that the signal pathway mediated by Y497 is dispensable for both @entity3646 -driven Th2 differentiation and cell expansion. Both WT and @entity43555 @entity9597 lose the ability to drive Th2 differentiation and cell expansion in @entity8850 -knockout @entity404 T cells. A constitutively activated form of @entity8850 introduced into @entity404 T cells resulted in both Th2 differentiation and enhanced cell expansion. Thus, activated @entity8850 is necessary and sufficient to mediate both @entity3646 -driven Th2 differentiation and cell expansion in @entity404 T cells.

title: @entity8850 is necessary and sufficient for XXXX 's role in Th2 differentiation and cell expansion.

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity21320 :: ('8660', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate 2']

entities_list: @entity27019 :: ('3667;8660', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate 1/2']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: Three of four (75%) vein biopsy samples from four @entity1 (all male, mean onset: age 33.0, mean biopsy: age 59.7) of chronic phase @entity3527 migrans showed positive periodontal bacteria DNA under the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) method. Of the 24 cases of @entity2119 (22 males, 2 females, mean onset: age 31.9, mean examination: age 62.6) that were investigated in our vascular laboratory, 65% of the @entity1 suffered from moderate to severe varicose veins. Eight cases had a history of @entity3527 migrans and three had an active @entity1066 or uncontrollable erosion in the foot. The rate of incidence was significantly higher than that of the well-matched control group. Other findings included one instance of @entity1150 , and one instance of deep vein reflux. We could suggest that some intractable @entity1066 or erosion cases of @entity2119 may be complicated by superficial @entity2994 or other @entity1887 . We also we need to check @entity2119 @entity1 with duplex for vein reflux and other insufficiencies. Treatment of the varicose veins (including elastic stockings) was effective for all of the @entity1 . (English Translation of Jpn J Phlebology 2011; 22: 25-31.).

title: Clinical Study of XXXX Migrans and Incompetence of the Leg's Superficial Vein in Buerger Disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2119 :: ('MESH:D013919', 'Disease') :: ['Buerger disease']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein incompetence']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity3527 :: (MESH:D010689,Disease) :: ['Phlebitis']


abstract: @entity1968 (RA) is used in differentiation therapy to treat a variety of @entity5 including @entity521 . The contributing factors for its therapeutic efficacy are poorly understood. However, mitochondria (MT) have been implicated as key effectors in RA-mediated differentiation process. Here we utilize the SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cell line as a model to examine how RA influences MT during the differentiation process. We find that RA confers an approximately sixfold increase in the @entity26 consumption rate while the rate of glycolysis modestly increases. RA treatment does not increase the number of MT or cause measurable changes in the composition of the electron transport chain. Rather, RA treatment significantly increases the mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. We propose a competition model for the therapeutic effects of RA. Specifically, the high metabolic rate in differentiated cells limits the availability of metabolic nutrients for use by the undifferentiated cells and suppresses their growth. Thus, RA treatment provides a selective advantage for the differentiated state.

title: @entity1968 -induced differentiation increases the rate of XXXX consumption and enhances the spare respiratory capacity of mitochondria in SH-SY5Y cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['Retinoic acid']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The radiological examinations of 67 @entity1 who had previous radiotherapy for @entity189 were reviewed. All had evidence of radiation damage proven surgically or histologically. @entity1 with known recurrent or metastatic disease were excluded. The commonest abnormalities (36 @entity1 ) were in the urinary tract, where @entity3041 due to distal ureteric stricture was the most frequent finding. Changes observed in the bladder included mural thickening, mucosal irregularity, focal @entity1066 and reduction in size. Thirty-one @entity1 had abnormalities of their large bowel. The majority of these had strictures of the recto-sigmoid which showed a smooth mucosa, fine surface @entity1066 , focal @entity1066 or a 'cobble-stone' appearance. Lesions observed in the small bowel included @entity29 , thickening of the wall, coarsening of the mucosal pattern and strictures. Two new features are described; the development of high ureteric strictures and the presence of a stricture within a large bowel @entity850 . These findings are significant since they show the variation in appearance which can be produced by radiotherapy damage. The differentiation of these changes from recurrent malignancy can be difficult and the differential diagnosis is discussed.

title: Radiological changes in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract following radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix uteri']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['fixity of bowel loops']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']


abstract: Until a short time ago, @entity8434 was considered a pathology that could only be resolved surgically. However, in recent years progress has been made with the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, and new information on the natural history of @entity8434 has helped define new criteria for its treatment. It is now known that as many as 67% of the carriers of @entity96 who are asymptomatic remain so throughout their lives. This situation produces special results in immunologic testing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 97% with asymptomatic carriers, while the double diffusion arc 5 test (DD5) achieves a sensitivity of only 31% with the same population. On the other hand, imaging studies based on ultrasonography have become the method of choice to detect asymptomatic carriers. Ultrasonography studies are 49% to 73% more sensitive than serological tests, and they can even be used as a part of epidemiological surveillance systems and to monitor control programs. Treatment schemes have also been modernized. Treating asymptomatic carriers chemotherapeutically with @entity3753 produces favorable results in as many as 69% of cases, while such minimally invasive surgical treatments as puncture-aspiration-injection-reaspiration (PAIR) reduce average cyst volume by as much as 66%. These factors have made it possible for hospital services in the province of R  o Negro, Argentina, to establish a treatment scheme for asymptomatic carriers. It is based on the monitoring of small cysts (type Ia on the modified Gharbi scale); initial treatment with @entity3753 , followed by PAIR if there is no response, in larger or more complex cysts (types Ib, II, and III); and follow-up of inviable or dead cysts (types IV and V).

title: [Asymptomatic carriers of XXXX : epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment].

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: Microelectrode studies of fresh @entity1 and @entity95 lens epithelia revealed stable membrane potentials [VR ( @entity1 ) = -36 mV; VR ( @entity95 ) = -45 mV] and low input resistances [Ri ( @entity1 ) = 10 @entity4780 ; Ri ( @entity95 ) = 20 @entity4780 ]. Coupling studies, using two voltage microelectrodes, demonstrated that the low input resistance of the fresh epithelial tissue was due to electrotonic coupling, which was found to be extremely labile and sensitive to perfusion of the apical (fibrefacing) surface of the epithelium. The intercellular coupling could be stabilized by raising the @entity460 concentration of the perfusate. Studies performed on confluent monolayers of cultured @entity1 lens epithelial (HLE) cells demonstrated a membrane potential (VR = -33 mV) and input resistance (Ri = 29 @entity4780 ) similar to their fresh counterparts. The intercellular coupling of these cells was found to be much more robust. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the apical junction of cultured HLE cells was less complex than that found in fresh tissue, the latter exhibiting @entity38653 and folds. The cultured monolayer was dissociated into single cells by a variety of methods and the membrane properties of individual cells were studied. Single cells were found to have a lower membrane potential (-20 to -25 mV) and an input resistance in the range 110-170 @entity4780 , depending on the method of dissociation. Channel blocking and ion replacement studies revealed significant conductance pathways for @entity972 , @entity1372 and @entity2865 and a cell-attached patch clamp investigation revealed three distinct channel types. Of the two channels with inward currents at the resting potential, one, with a conductance of 25 pS, is identified as a non-selective cation channel, and the other, with a conductance of 14 pS and reversal potential of - 14 mV, is a possible candidate for a @entity2865 channel but has yet to be characterized. A third channel with an outward current at the resting potential is identified as a @entity972 channel with a conductance of 49 pS. A link between epithelial uncoupling and certain types of @entity231 is proposed.

title: Fresh and cultured XXXX lens epithelial cells: an electrophysiological study of cell coupling and membrane properties.

entities_list: @entity38653 :: ('MESH:D054739', 'Disease') :: ['multiple interdigitations']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) has potent antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory functions in the immune system. Two structurally distinct G-protein-associated receptors, @entity3549 receptor type 1 ( @entity11032 ) and @entity3549 receptor type 2 ( @entity42907 ), mediate the biological effects of @entity3549 . The regulation of @entity3549 receptor gene expression and the distribution of these receptors in different compartments of the @entity1 immune systems are unknown. This study reports, for the first time, a quantitative analysis of @entity11032 and @entity42907 mRNA expression in resting and activated T cells as well as in resting monocytes. Purified @entity1 peripheral blood @entity404 (+) T cells and @entity405 (+) T cells were stimulated via the TCR/CD3 receptor complex. Using the novel fluorometric-based kinetic (real-time) RT-PCR, we determined that @entity11032 is constitutively expressed in resting T cells and monocytes; the levels of expression were significantly higher in monocytes and @entity404 (+) T cells than in @entity405 (+) T cells. @entity11032 mRNA expression is significantly higher relative to @entity42907 in resting @entity404 (+) T cells and @entity405 (+) T cells. @entity42907 is expressed at very low levels in resting T cells but is not detectable in resting monocytes. In vitro stimulation of Th cells with soluble anti-CD3 plus @entity4515 induced a T cell activation-dependent down-regulation of @entity11032 . @entity11032 is down-regulated under conditions of optimal T cell stimulation. Our results suggest that selective @entity3549 effects on T cell function may be mediated via selective expression of @entity11032 and @entity42907 on T cells and monocytes. Furthermore, down-regulation of @entity11032 in @entity404 (+) T cell subpopulations is highly correlated with T cell activation.

title: Selective gene expression and activation-dependent regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor type 1 and type 2 in XXXX T cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Adult @entity1 cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by a limited combination of transcription factors. To date, most current iPSC generation protocols rely on viral vector usage in vitro, using cells removed from their physiological context. Such protocols are hindered by low derivation efficiency and risks associated with genome modifications of reprogrammed cells. Here, we reprogrammed cells in an in vivo context using non-viral somatic transgenesis in @entity1238 tadpole tail muscle, a setting that provides long term expression of non-integrated transgenes in vivo. Expression of @entity19 @entity7002 , @entity14231 , and @entity2005 (OSK) led rapidly and reliably to formation of proliferating cell clusters. These clusters displayed the principal hallmarks of pluripotency: alkaline phosphatase activity, up-regulation of key epigenetic and chromatin remodeling markers, and reexpression of endogenous pluripotent markers. Furthermore, these clusters were capable of differentiating into derivatives of the three germ layers in vitro and into neurons and muscle fibers in vivo. As in situ reprogramming occurs along with muscle tissue repair, the data provide a link between these two processes and suggest that they act synergistically. Notably, every OSK injection resulted in cluster formation. We conclude that reprogramming is achievable in an anamniote model and propose that in vivo approaches could provide rapid and efficient alternative for non-viral iPSC production. The work opens new perspectives in basic stem cell research and in the longer term prospect of regenerative medicine protocols development.

title: Non-viral expression of XXXX @entity7002 , @entity14231 , and @entity2005 transcription factors efficiently reprograms tadpole muscle fibers in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Opioid switching is often used to improve the opioid response in @entity1 with @entity5 experiencing poor @entity1337 or adverse effects. When switching between drugs with delayed effect because of pharmacokinetics or type of delivery, concerns exist about the correct timing of introducing the second drug after stopping the previous one. The aim of this study was to assess plasmatic changes of @entity3575 and @entity284 underlying the clinical events occurring during opioid switching. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity5 receiving transdermal @entity3575 with uncontrolled @entity158 and/or moderate to severe opioid adverse effects, were switched to oral @entity284 using an initial fixed ratio of 1:20. @entity3575 patches were removed and the first of three daily doses of @entity284 was started concurrently. Blood samples were obtained at intervals after removing the @entity3575 patch, and at 5-hour intervals for the first 25 hours. The intensity of @entity158 and the adverse effects were assessed before switching, the day after, and then daily up to dose stabilization. A successful switch was considered when the intensity of @entity158 and distress score decreased at least of 33% of the basal value recorded before the switch, within a reasonable period of time. Complete blood samples were obtained in 16 @entity1 . @entity284 plasma concentration increased from 2 to 245 ng/mL, and @entity3575 plasma concentration decreased from 15 to 8 ng/mL, 25 hours after. A successful switch was determined the day after in 7 @entity1 , while 4 @entity1 did not respond favorably (effective switching, 63%). Five @entity1 were considered too terminal for an appropriate evaluation. No differences in plasma concentration pattern of the two opioids were found between @entity1 considered responders and nonresponders. Conversion ratios between opioids at time of stabilization did not significantly change in comparison with the initial conversion ratio chosen. Starting @entity284 soon after removing @entity3575 patches results in a rapid increase of @entity284 concentration, while the half-life of transdermal @entity3575 is reached after 25 hours. As a result, the rapid achievement of a clinical effect is obtained avoiding distressing therapeutic holes in @entity1 with a clinical condition, mainly characterized by poor @entity158 control and severe adverse effects, requiring an immediate intervention.

title: Opioid plasma concentrations during a switch from transdermal XXXX to @entity284 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['Methadone', 'methadone']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity3575 :: (MESH:D005283,Chemical) :: ['fentanyl']


abstract: The only way to resolve the dispute about the effectiveness of surgery versus radiation therapy for glomus tympanicum and jugulare @entity5 is adequate long-term studies. In a retrospective study with an average follow-up period of 15 years (range 11 to 23 years) we reassessed 11 @entity1 with @entity17851 and 11 @entity1 with @entity1823 . Ten of 11 @entity1 with @entity17851 were @entity5 -free after surgery. A @entity3541 and an external meatal wall defect were the only surgical complications. The air-bone gap postoperatively closed to within 10 dB in three @entity1 , to within 20 dB in six @entity1 , and to more than 30 dB in one @entity1 . Nine of 10 @entity1 with @entity1823 receiving complete resection were @entity5 -free. Less than half the @entity1 experienced new-onset @entity129 , and all made satisfactory recovery, eliminating the need for tracheostomy or gastrostomy. In two @entity1 , the hearing could be preserved on the preoperative level, but the majority already presented with @entity2319 . In the long-term, surgery remains a treatment of choice for @entity17851 . It is also an extremely effective treatment with low morbidity for @entity1823 , including those with intracranial extension.

title: Long-term results of surgery for temporal bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve function loss']

entities_list: @entity17851 :: ('MESH:D043604', 'Disease') :: ['glomus tympanicum tumor', 'glomus tympanicum tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['temporary facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['glomus jugulare tumor', 'glomus jugulare tumors']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['paraganglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the morphological changes induced by a 3-month course of neoadjuvant @entity12195 150 mg/day before radical prostatectomy (RP) on @entity263 and @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 90 @entity1 with cT1-T2 @entity263 and @entity5436 on prostatic biopsy were randomized to receive @entity12195 (150 mg/day for 3 months) before RP, or to have immediate surgery. Surgical specimens were assessed for the histopathological features of @entity5 , @entity5436 and benign epithelium in a blinded manner. The volumes of @entity263 and @entity5436 were evaluated using a stereological (i.e. grid) method. RESULTS: Compared with the @entity12195 -treated group, the ratio of stroma to epithelium, evaluated by visual microscopic assessment in the normal epithelium of the three prostate zones, was significantly lower in the control group, at 2.27 (sd 1.13), than in the treated group, at 1.87 (sd 0.72) (P = 0.048). The mean (sd) @entity5 volume was significantly lower in the @entity12195 -treated than in the control group, at 0.914 (0.13) vs 1.47 (0.24) mL (P = 0.044). Similarly, the mean (sd) volume of @entity5436 was significantly lower in the @entity12195 -treated than in the control group, at 0.34 (0.06) vs 0.62 (0.07) mL (P = 0.003). At RP, specimen Gleason scores in the @entity12195 -treated group were similar to those in the control group, and were no different from the biopsy Gleason scores. CONCLUSIONS: Involution and epithelial shrinkage of @entity263 and @entity5436 were evident after neoadjuvant treatment with @entity12195 150 mg. There was no evidence of the emergence of higher-grade @entity5 after treatment.

title: Pathological changes of high-grade @entity263 after monotherapy with XXXX 150 mg.

entities_list: @entity12195 :: ('MESH:C053541', 'Chemical') :: ['bicalutamide']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic adenocarcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia', 'HGPIN']

answer: @entity12195 :: (MESH:C053541,Chemical) :: ['bicalutamide']


abstract: Infections with @entity4195 exhibit a wide spectrum of @entity281 ranging from mild @entity7551 to severe @entity137 ( @entity137 ). The M1 serotype of @entity4195 is most commonly associated with @entity137 . In the present study, we hypothesized that Rac1 signaling might regulate M1 protein-induced @entity651 . We studied the effect of a Rac1 inhibitor ( @entity7186 ) on M1 protein-provoked @entity651 . Male C57BL/6 @entity19 received @entity7186 prior to M1 protein challenge. Bronchoalveolar fluid and lung tissue were harvested for quantification of neutrophil recruitment, @entity4 and CXC chemokine formation. Neutrophil expression of Mac-1 was quantified by use of flow cytometry. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine gene expression of CXC chemokines in alveolar macrophages. Treatment with @entity7186 decreased M1 protein-induced neutrophil infiltration, @entity4 formation and tissue injury in the lung. M1 protein challenge markedly enhanced Mac-1 expression on neutrophils and CXC chemokine levels in the lung. Inhibition of Rac1 activity had no effect on M1 protein-induced expression of Mac-1 on neutrophils. However, Rac1 inhibition markedly decreased M1 protein-evoked formation of CXC chemokines in the lung. Moreover, @entity7186 completely inhibited M1 protein-provoked gene expression of CXC chemokines in alveolar macrophages. We conclude that these novel results suggest that Rac1 signaling is a significant regulator of neutrophil infiltration and CXC chemokine production in the lung. Thus, targeting Rac1 activity might be a potent strategy to attenuate streptococcal M1 protein-triggered acute lung damage.

title: Targeting Rac1 signaling inhibits streptococcal M1 protein-induced CXC chemokine formation, neutrophil infiltration and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome', 'STSS']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury', 'pulmonary injury']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity12020 ( @entity12020 ) has been associated with the pathogenesis of various @entity66 , including @entity2345 ( @entity2345 ). The chemical constituents of areca nut along with the mechanical @entity130 cause @entity2345 . The coarse fibers of areca nut injure the mucosa and hence @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) is released at the wounded sites. Recent studies have shown that @entity5596 is involved in wound healing and the development of @entity82 . The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of @entity5596 on @entity12020 expression in @entity1 buccal fibroblasts (HBFs) and identify the potential targets for drug intervention or chemoprevention of @entity2345 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Western blot analyses were used to study the effects of @entity5596 on @entity12020 expression and its signaling pathways in HBFs and whether @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), the main and most significant @entity3978 in green tea, could inhibit this pathway. RESULTS: @entity5596 significantly enhanced @entity12020 synthesis in HBFs. This effect can be inhibited by c-Jun @entity2733 -terminal kinase ( @entity4675 ) inhibitor and extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor but not by P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor. Interestingly, @entity3090 completely blocked @entity5596 -induced @entity12020 expression via suppressing @entity5596 -induced @entity4675 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5596 released by repetitive mechanical @entity130 during @entity1278 chewing may contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity2345 through upregulating @entity12020 expression in HBFs. @entity3090 could be an adjuvant to the current offered therapy options or the prevention of @entity2345 through suppression of @entity4675 activation.

title: @entity5595 stimulated @entity12020 expression in @entity1 buccal fibroblasts: Inhibition by  XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2345 :: ('MESH:D009914', 'Disease') :: ['OSF', 'oral submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity12020 :: ('1490', 'Gene') :: ['CCN2', 'Connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity3089 :: (MESH:C045651,Chemical) :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 ( @entity174 ) occur chiefly in adolescents. Few published data are available on outcomes after arthroscopic surgical treatment of @entity174 in adults. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate outcomes of consecutive @entity1 with @entity174 managed by arthroscopic bone suture followed by a standardised non-aggressive rehabilitation programme. HYPOTHESIS: Arthroscopic bone suture followed by non-aggressive rehabilitation therapy reliably produces satisfactory outcomes in adults with TSAF. METHODS: Thirteen adults were included. Outcomes were evaluated based on the Tegner score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, anterior-posterior knee laxity, passive and active motion ranges, and radiological appearance. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 41  27months (12-94months), all 13 @entity1 had @entity174 without secondary displacement. No @entity1 had knee instability. Post-operative @entity2693 was noted in 5 @entity1 (2 with @entity158 and 3 with extension lag), 1 of whom required surgical release. The mean IKDC score was 91.3  11.7. The mean Tegner score was 5.46  1.37 compared to 6.38  0.70 before surgery. Mean tibial translation (measured using the Rolimeter) was 1.09  1.22mm, compared to 5.9  1.85mm before surgery. CONCLUSION: The outcomes reported here support the reliability of arthroscopic bone suture for TSAF fixation. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of @entity1 experienced post-operative @entity2693 , whose contributory factors may include stunning of the quadriceps due to the short time from injury to surgery and the use of a gentle rehabilitation programme. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, retrospective study of treatment outcomes.

title: Prevalence of knee @entity2693 after arthroscopic bone suture fixation of tibial spine avulsion XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['complex regional pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['healed fractures', 'Tibial spine avulsion fractures', 'TSAFs']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the prevalence of @entity28 and @entity101 and associated behavioral risk factors in adult @entity1 and @entity1 in Uzbekistan. The study also examined the association between @entity28 and @entity101 . METHOD: The analysis used data from the 2002 Uzbekistan Health Examination Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of 2333 @entity1 aged 15-59 years and 5463 @entity1 aged 15-49 years. The survey measured height, weight and blood pressure and included questions on physical activity, dietary habits, @entity286 smoking, @entity167 use and other characteristics. The analysis was conducted using binary and multinomial logistic regression methods, separately for @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Eating animal source protein and @entity286 smoking in the past were positively associated with @entity28 , but there were no consistent associations with other dietary indicators, physical activity level or @entity167 use. Obese @entity1 and @entity1 were about three times as likely to suffer from @entity101 as those with a normal BMI (odds ratio (OR)=3.01; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-5.44; P<0.001 for @entity1 and OR=2.82; 95% CI: 2.05-3.86; P<0.001 for @entity1 ), independent of physical activity level, dietary habits, @entity286 smoking and other factors. For @entity1 , the risk of @entity101 was strongly positively associated with BMI only at BMI levels above 25 kg/m(2), but for @entity1 a positive relationship was observed at all BMI levels. CONCLUSION: The study found a strong positive association between @entity28 and @entity101 in adult @entity1 and @entity1 in Uzbekistan. The shape of the relationship between BMI and @entity101 is different for @entity1 than for @entity1 , requiring further research to explore this relationship.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and @entity101 and related risk factors in Uzbekistan.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: To clarify the genesis of a high-pitched diastolic rumble in @entity4794 , 51 @entity1 with @entity4794 were studied. They were subdivided into two groups based on the pitch of a rumble; six @entity1 with a high-pitched rumble and 45 @entity1 with an ordinary low-pitched rumble. Phonocardiography, and M-mode and two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography were performed in all @entity1 . Color and continuous wave Doppler echocardiography were performed in four @entity1 with a high-pitched rumble and in 13 with a low-pitched rumble. Results obtained were as follows: 1. Points of the maximum intensity of a rumble: A low-pitched rumble was best heard at the apex in all @entity1 . A high-pitched rumble was best heard at the mesoapical area, except in one @entity1 who had an oval mitral orifice by 2-D echocardiography. 2. Correlation between the pitch of rumble and the shape of the mitral orifice: In five of the six @entity1 with a high-pitched rumble, the mitral orifice had a tadpole-shaped deformity, in which commissural fusion and valvular thickening were more marked anterolaterally than posteromedially. Among 45 @entity1 with oval, slit or pinhole-like valve orifices, only one had a high-pitched rumble. 3. Direction of the left ventricular (LV) inflow jet as observed by color Doppler echocardiography: On the short-axis view at the level of the papillary muscles, the inflow jet was directed toward the medial portion of the LV cavity in the @entity1 with a high-pitched rumble. However, it was directed towards the central portion of the LV cavity in all @entity1 with a low-pitched rumble. On the apical long-axis view, no distinct difference was detected in the direction of the LV inflow jet between the two groups. 4. Other findings: There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mitral orifice area, the peak velocity of LV inflow, fractional shortening of the LV, dimension of the left atrium, Wells' index and the degree of organic change in the subvalvular structures. These results suggest that the @entity339 and resultant changes in the direction of the LV inflow jet may play an important role in the mechanism of producing a high-pitched diastolic rumble in @entity4794 .

title: [Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic studies of the genesis of a high-pitched diastolic rumble in XXXX : contribution of the deformed mitral orifice and eccentric mitral inflow jet].

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the mitral valve']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['mitral stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A population-based study is reported of @entity15 in @entity168 ( @entity168 ) in Martinique. @entity168 are descendants of interracial mating that occurred between French Caucasians and black Africans in the 17th and the 18th centuries. METHODS: The authors surveyed the entire island of Martinique (area 1,128 km(2), population 357,000) between November 1997 and October 1999. RESULTS: Sixty-two @entity1 (46 females, 16 males, ratio 2.9:1) were identified with definite or probable disease by the Poser criteria. Prevalence for all @entity1 on December 31, 1998, was 17.4/10(5) (95% CI 13.1 to 21.7) and 14.3/10(5) (95% CI 10.4 to 18.2) for clinically definite cases (n = 51). Age range of @entity1 on prevalence day was 17 to 73 years (mean +/- SD 39 +/- 11.3 years). Mean age at onset was 31.2 +/- 11 years. Overall, 9.7% had primary progressive disease and 19.4% had benign @entity15 . A low proportion of definite and probable @entity15 cases had oligoclonal bands in CSF (50.9%). Seventeen @entity1 , 13 of whom were alive on prevalence day, had a relapsing form of @entity1652 . CONCLUSION: The island of Martinique appears to have a low to medium prevalence of @entity15 . @entity15 was almost unknown in @entity168 in Martinique until the late 1970s. The apparent recent increase may be explained by improved recognition of @entity1 , increased availability of MRI for diagnosis, @entity66 awareness among physicians, increased survival of @entity15 @entity1 , or an actual increase in disease frequency.

title: XXXX and @entity1652 in Martinique (French West Indies).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['increased disease']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity168 :: ('MESH:D029461', 'Disease') :: ['French Afro-Caribbeans', 'FAC']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term results of one of three different management protocols for severe @entity174 offer advantages over the other two. DESIGN: In a retrospective study, @entity1 were examined clinically and radiologically after internal fixation of severe @entity174 (i.e., 92 percent Type C @entity174 according to the AO-ASIF classification). SETTING: Department of Traumatology, Hanover Medical School. Level I @entity130 center. @entity1 : Fifty-one of seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 1982 and 1992 were examined clinically and radiologically at an average of sixty-eight months (range 13 to 130 months) after injury. INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 were treated in three different ways: primary internal fixation with a plate following the AO-ASIF principles (n = 15), which was reserved for @entity1 with @entity6044 without severe soft tissue @entity130 ; one-stage minimally invasive osteosynthesis for reconstruction of the articular surface with long-term transarticular external fixation of the ankle for at least four weeks (n = 28); and a two-stage procedure entailing primary reduction and reconstruction of the articular surface with minimally invasive osteosynthesis and short-term transarticular external fixation of the ankle joint followed by secondary medial stabilization with a plate using a technique requiring only limited skin incisions (a reduced invasive technique) (n = 8). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Objective evaluation criteria were @entity281 rate, amount of posttraumatic @entity625 , range of @entity717 , and number of arthrodeses. Subjective criteria were @entity158 , @entity4 , and restriction of work or leisure activities. RESULTS: Because only @entity6044 were treated by primary internal fixation with a plate, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.005) in the distribution of open @entity174 between the three treatment groups. Fracture classification in these groups were not significantly different. All but four @entity174 were classified as Type C lesions according to the AO-ASIF system. The soft tissue was closed in 63 percent (n = 32) and open in 37 percent (n = 19). No significant relationship could be found between the soft tissue damage and degree of @entity625 or between the type of surgical treatment and extent of posttraumatic @entity625 . However, none of the @entity1 who required secondary arthrodesis (23 percent of all cases) were in the group who had undergone two-step surgery (p < 0.05). The range of @entity717 was much greater in the two-step group than in the others; these @entity1 also had @entity158 , more frequently continued working in their previous profession, and had fewer limitations in their leisure activities. These differences did not reach statistical significance. The incidence of @entity2737 did not differ significantly among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our results, we now prefer a two-step procedure for the treatment of severe @entity174 with extensive soft tissue damage. In the first stage, primary reduction and internal fixation of the articular surface is performed using stab incisions, screws, and K-wires. Temporary external fixation is applied across the ankle joint. After recovery of the soft tissues, the second stage entails internal fixation with a medial plate using a reduced invasive technique.

title: Surgical options for the treatment of severe XXXX : a study of three techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial pilon fractures', 'tibial plafond fractures']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['closed fractures']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ankle movement']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial pilon fractures']


abstract: Clinico-pathological study of @entity150 (pTa/ @entity2558 ) informs about prognostic factors such as the size of the @entity5 , its uni or multifocal character, its grade and stage. Presently, these factors constitute the basis of therapeutic decision but do not allow to foresee the prognosis with certainty. Many technics have contributed to a better knowledge of such @entity5 ; however, they have not allowed to fully master prognostic uncertainties. During the last decades, cell cycle and DNA content study by flow cytometry has been developping, bringing an additional prognostic element to various types of @entity5 . We have decided to study the impact of this technique to the assessment of the prognosis of superficial @entity150 . The study concerned 65 @entity1 presenting superficial @entity150 (pTa/ @entity2558 ), with a follow-up of at least two years in case of not recurrence and in case of recurrence, having had a second resection with analysis of sections. Flow cytometry was applied to formol-fixed and @entity982 -embedded endoscopic resection material of initial @entity5 by simple-labelling of DNA with @entity2667 . Following cytometric study, 35 (54%) of @entity5 were @entity2007 and 30 (46 %) were diploid. For the diploid ones, S-phase mean value was 14.94% (from 2.72% to 33.43%); and G2M mean value was 8.3 (from 1% to 18%). The presence of an DNA- @entity2007 peak had a predictive value of recurrence and progression in stage, with relative risks of 12 and 6.85 respectively. It was also correlated with the histological grade and stage. On the other hand, S-phase and G2M values had no prognostic significance.

title: [Contribution of cell cycle and DNA content study by flow cytometry in the prognosis of XXXX : Tunisian experience].

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['superficial bladder cancer', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['superficial bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity1378 is associated with increased food intake, energy expenditure and altered body composition. This study was aimed to evaluate the role of adipocytokines in weight homeostasis in @entity1 with @entity1378 . METHODS: @entity1 (n=27, 11 @entity1 ) with @entity1378 (20 @entity66 ) with mean age of 31.3  4.2 yr and 28 healthy age and body mass index (BMI) matched controls were studied. They underwent assessment of lean body mass (LBM) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) and blood sample was taken in the fasting state for measurement of @entity1243 , @entity1254 , ghrelin, @entity2690 , @entity413 and lipids. @entity1 were re-evaluated after 3 months of treatment as by that time all of them achieved euthyroid state with @entity5012 therapy. RESULTS: The LBM was higher (P<0.001) in healthy controls as compared to @entity1378 @entity1 even after adjustment for body weight (BW), whereas @entity1386 was comparable between the two groups. Serum @entity1243 levels were higher in @entity1 with @entity1378 than controls (22.3  3.7 and 4.1  0.34 ng/ml, P<0.001), whereas @entity1254 levels were comparable. Plasma acylated ghrelin was higher in @entity1 than in controls (209.8  13.3 vs 106.2  8.2 pg/ml, P<0.05). Achievement of @entity3214 was associated with significant @entity1017 (P<0.001) and significant increase in lean body mass (P<0.001). The @entity1386 also increased but insignificantly from 18.4  1.8 to 19.9  1.8 kg. There was significant decrease (P<0.05) in serum @entity1243 and acylated ghrelin but @entity1254 levels remained unaltered after treatment. Serum @entity1243 positively correlated with @entity1386 and this correlation persisted even after adjustment for BW, BMI, gender and age (r=0.62, P=0.001). However, serum @entity1243 and acylated ghrelin did not correlate with the presence or absence of @entity7298 . INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity1378 predominantly had decreased lean body mass which increased after achievement of @entity3214 with @entity5012 . The @entity7298 and the alterations in weight homeostasis associated with @entity1378 were independent of circulating @entity1243 and ghrelin levels.

title: Weight homeostasis _ its modulators in XXXX before _ after treatment with @entity5012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease, 7 toxic multinodular goiter"]

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['euthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['TBF', 'total body fat']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) is a commonly used chemotherapy agent for a variety of @entity5 . However, therapeutic levels are associated with numerous untoward effects such as central nervous system damage in @entity1 with @entity981 . The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity1500 caused injury to endothelial cells using cultured @entity291 pulmonary artery endothelial cells as a model. Light microscopy showed gaps between cells and reduced numbers of endothelial cells after exposure to @entity1500 (10(-9) to 10(-5) M), a range consistent with therapeutic drug levels. Proliferation and viability of subconfluent and confluent @entity1500 -treated endothelial cells were measured by colorimetric (MTS) assay. There was a significant decline in cell numbers in @entity1500 -treated subconfluent (growing) cells cultured after 4 days of @entity1500 exposure compared to controls, as expected. However, there was also an unexpected decline in cell numbers in @entity1500 -treated postmitotic endothelial cells after 1, 3, and 4 days of drug exposure. This suggested that @entity1500 induced endothelial cell death. Fluorescent ApoAlert Enhanced @entity4404 binding demonstrated apoptosis in endothelial cells after 1 day of @entity1500 exposure. Apoptosis was confirmed by a DNA fragment assay. This is apparently the first report of @entity1500 -induced apoptosis of postmitotic, cultured endothelial cells. The findings suggest that apoptosis may be one mechanism of @entity1500 -induced injury to endothelial cells.

title: XXXX causes apoptosis in postmitotic endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['Methotrexate']


abstract: @entity35 immunosuppressed by @entity7496 and a low protein diet were challenged with @entity2432 oocysts and studied on days 10, 35 and 70 post- @entity281 . The biliary tract was found to be a major site of parasite @entity281 . @entity2432 was visible in the biliary papillary area in association with a proliferation of highly convoluted tubular glands. The papillary lumen was narrowed, and an upstream dilation with bacterial proliferation was seen. The liver was initially free of lesions, and subsequently exhibited late lesions of @entity1448 . Parasites were not found in the pancreatic duct, although @entity788 was frequently observed. Oocysts were consistently present in the distal portion of the ileum. Both challenged and unchallenged immunosuppressed @entity35 , exhibited widespread focal hepatic @entity1188 and @entity2885 . Other organs appeared free of lesions. In addition to the intestine, data identified the biliary tract as a major site of @entity2432 @entity281 and as a potential protected reservoir which may sustain a @entity281 .

title: Biliary tract cryptosporidiosis immunosuppressed XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity7496 :: ('MESH:C021650', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity2432 :: ('5807', 'Species') :: ['Cryptosporidium Parvum', 'C. parvum']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery has been the classical treatment of @entity31976 ( @entity31976 ), though compressive orthotic braces have shown successful results in recent years. We propose a non-operative approach using a lightweight, @entity1 -controlled dynamic chest-bracing device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity31976 were treated between July 2008 and June 2009. The treatment involved fitting of the brace, which was worn for at least 20 hours per day for 6 months. Their degree of satisfaction (1, no correction; 4, remarkable correction) was measured at 12 months after the initiation of the treatment. RESULTS: Thirteen (72.2%) @entity1 completed the treatment (mean time, 4.9  1.4 months). In @entity1 who completed the treatment, the mean overall satisfaction score was 3.73  0.39. The mean satisfaction score was 4, and there was no recurrence of @entity31976 in @entity1 who underwent the treatment for at least 6 months. Minimal recurrence of @entity31976 after removal of the compressive brace occurred in 5 (38.5%) @entity1 who stopped wearing the compressive brace at 4 months. CONCLUSION: Compressive bracing results in a significant improvement in @entity31976 appearance in @entity1 with an immature skeleton. However, @entity1 compliance and diligent follow-up appear to be paramount for the success of this method of treatment. We currently offer this approach as a first-line treatment for @entity31976 .

title: Brace compression for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity31976 :: ('MESH:D066166', 'Disease') :: ['pectus carinatum', 'PC']

answer: @entity31976 :: (MESH:D066166,Disease) :: ['pectus carinatum']


abstract: With clinical vigilance and laboratory tests of platelet and coagulation factor function, the clinician can promptly recognize and treat @entity4461 in @entity1778 @entity1 . For example, laboratory values are strikingly abnormal in disseminated @entity5642 . Prompt neutralization of the underlying cause of the @entity1003 is essential. Platelet and coagulation factors may have to be replaced if the disorder is severe. @entity4125 , mucous @entity548 , and @entity548 around venipuncture or infusion sites indicate @entity882 . Vigorous platelet replacement is necessary to prevent massive @entity360 . @entity1423 may cause spontaneous @entity548 or immediate or delayed @entity548 after surgery. The abnormality is often evident in peripheral blood smear or indicated by @entity548 time or aggregation studies. If possible, sufficient autologous platelets should be infused to return the @entity548 time to normal. @entity3039 may be easy to diagnose when the reduction in the circulating platelet count is compared with the normal number of marrow megakaryocytes. But attempts to increase platelet count by platelet transfusions may be frustrating. Treatment involves high doses of corticosteroids, followed by splenectomy if necessary.

title: @entity4461 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['membrane bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['Platelet dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['Diffuse petechiae, purpura']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial of gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A brief period of @entity741 can result in an increased resistance to subsequent, more severe episodes of @entity63 . Recent studies have indicated that activation of @entity859 A1-receptors may mediate this preconditioning effect. It is also known that A1-activation can lead to @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channel (KATP) opening via a G(i) protein-mediated effect. Thus, we determined whether the KATP blocker @entity5217 could abolish preconditioning or the protective effects of A1-receptor activation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Anesthetized @entity235 were subjected to 5 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion (or sham) followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion. The hearts were then subjected to 60 minutes of LCx occlusion and 5 hours of reperfusion. @entity5217 (5 micrograms/kg/min) or vehicle was given directly into the LCx 20 minutes before preconditioning or sham preconditioning. Preconditioning resulted in a significantly reduced @entity1188 size compared with nonpreconditioned animals. @entity5217 abolished the protective effect of preconditioning. To establish a link between KATP and A1-receptor activation, the effect of the A1-agonist @entity36408 with or without @entity5217 on @entity1188 size was determined. @entity36408 (0.4 microgram/kg/min, directly into the LCx) significantly reduced @entity1188 size, and this protective effect was abolished by @entity5217 . None of the treatments described above had a significant effect on peripheral hemodynamic status or myocardial blood flow. CONCLUSIONS: Preconditioning may be mediated by KATP activation, and this may be linked to A1-receptor stimulation.

title: Role of myocardial @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 channels in mediating preconditioning in the @entity235 heart and their possible interaction with XXXX A1-receptors.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glyburide', 'Glyburide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether inactive cases of presumed @entity3219 (POHS) and @entity5278 with @entity5863 (MFC) can be differentiated from each other by their appearance on fundus photography and @entity941 angiography. METHODS: Two masked observers classified 50 @entity1 ' photographs (27 with @entity941 angiograms) as POHS, MFC, or "indeterminate." Twenty-five @entity1 had known POHS and 25 had known MFC. Statistical analysis was performed to assess agreement and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Observer A classified 33 @entity1 and was indeterminate on 17. Of the 33, he was correct on 26 (79% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.560; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.286-0.834). Observer B classified 40 @entity1 and was indeterminate on 10. Of the 40, he was correct on 33 (82% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.650; 95% CI, 0.422-0.878). Both observers ventured a diagnosis on 28 common @entity1 . Of these, they selected the same diagnosis on 26 (93% crude agreement). When the 2 observers' diagnoses were compared and indeterminate @entity1 were factored in, the kappa value was 0.408 (95% CI, 0.215-0.601). When the indeterminate @entity1 are excluded, the kappa agreement increased to 0.825 (95% CI, 0.592-1). When pictures only were available, observer A and observer B kappa values against the gold standard were 0.625 (95% CI, 0.270-0.980) and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.235-0.940), respectively. The pictures-only kappa values for observer A vs observer B were 0.582 (95% CI, 0.316-0.848) with indeterminate @entity1 factored in and 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0-1.0) when indeterminate @entity1 were excluded. Pictures and @entity941 angiogram kappa values were 0.493 (95% CI, 0.076-0.909) for observer A and 0.706 (95% CI, 0.413-0.999) for observer B against the gold standard. For observer A vs observer B, the kappa value was 0.261 (95% CI, -0.002 to 0.524) with indeterminate @entity1 factored in and 0.567 (95% CI, 0.032-1) excluding indeterminate @entity1 . Sensitivity for all cases for observer A was 60% (+/-13%) for POHS and 94% (+/-6%) for MFC. For observer B, the sensitivity for all cases was 70% (+/-10%) for POHS and 95% (+/-5%) for MFC. CONCLUSIONS: Given adequate funduscopic information, the experienced observer can often accurately distinguish between POHS and MFC without the need for ancillary testing. Angiography in addition to fundus photography does not appear to increase diagnostic ability. There appears to be a higher sensitivity for MFC than for POHS.

title: Differentiation between presumed @entity3219 and @entity5278 with @entity5863 based on morphology of photographed fundus lesions and XXXX angiography.

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['ocular histoplasmosis syndrome']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: The Great East Japan Earthquake was the first disaster we experienced after the administration of oncology care had mostly shifted from hospitals to outpatient departments in Japan. Disaster medical assistance teams(DMATs)were deployed immediately after the disaster, and actively assisted during the acute phase of the catastrophe. After experiencing the earthquake, we realized the necessity of medical support teams, even for @entity102 . Here we report a multicenter trial of regional medical cooperation for @entity5 chemotherapy. First, soon after the earthquake, representatives from the regional hospitals discussed the proper roles for each institution. As agreed to in the discussion, @entity5 @entity1 were redistributed from a disaster base hospital to a local general hospital, and oncologists supported the other regional hospitals on a regular basis. This broad regional network functioned well and @entity1 resumed their treatment as soon as the situation allowed. Second, we performed a survey of the @entity1 and found that the most important problem was @entity1 ' lack of understanding of their own illnesses. Third, we conducted an opinion survey of medical professionals on regional medical cooperation. Based on the trial, we found it important in disasters to establish regional cooperation and solid communication systems, and to promote @entity1 education.

title: [A multicenter trial of regional medical cooperation for XXXX chemotherapy after the great East Japan earthquake].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: This study was performed to determine whether spinal cholinergic systems mediate the relieving effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cold and warm @entity1931 in a @entity35 model of @entity9 . For @entity1109 surgery, the right superior caudal trunk was resected at the level between the S1 and S2 spinal nerves innervating the tail. Two weeks after the injury, the intrathecal (i.t.) catheter was implanted. Five days after the catheterization, the @entity35 were injected with @entity3897 (non-selective muscarinic antagonist, 30 microg), @entity6959 (non-selective nicotinic antagonist, 50 microg), @entity4140 (M(1) muscarinic antagonist, 10 microg), @entity10258 (M(2) antagonist, 10 microg) or @entity4139 ( @entity4139 ) (M(3) antagonist, 10 microg). Ten minutes after the injection, EA was applied to the ST36 acupoint for 30 min. The cold and warm @entity1931 were assessed by the tail immersion test [i.e., immersing the tail in cold (4 degrees C) or warm (40 degrees C) water and measuring the latency of an abrupt tail movement] before and after the treatments. The i.t. @entity3897 , but not @entity6959 , blocked the relieving effects of EA on cold and warm @entity1931 . Furthermore, i.t. @entity4140 attenuated the antiallodynic effects of EA, whereas @entity10258 and @entity4139 did not. These results suggest that spinal muscarinic receptors, especially M(1) subtype, mediate the EA-induced antiallodynia in @entity1109 @entity35 .

title: Spinal cholinergic mechanism of the relieving effects of electroacupuncture on cold and warm XXXX in a @entity35 model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity4139 :: ('MESH:C042375', 'Chemical') :: ['4-DAMP', '4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1931 :: (MESH:D006930,Disease) :: ['allodynia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity120 ( @entity120 ) is one of the most important comorbidities in @entity1 undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The goal of the present work is to determine the possible etiologic factors for its occurrence. METHODS: The prevalence of @entity120 was estimated by Doppler echocardiography in a cohort of 100 @entity1 aged 49.3      13.9  years on regular HD. Mean pulmonary artery pressure was estimated from pulmonary acceleration time by Mahan's regression equation. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were calculated. We focused on the effect of HD on left and right ventricle diastolic and systolic function. Right ventricle systolic function was assessed by tricuspid annular systolic excursion and pulsed Doppler myocardial performance index. Since impaired endothelial function was postulated as an underlying cause of @entity120 , we studied the effects of HD on brachial artery endothelial function. RESULTS: The current study found that @entity120 was prevalent in 70% of @entity1 on dialysis. Left atrium diameter, left ventricle mass indexed to body surface area, and mitral E/E' were increased in the dialysis group (4.4      0.2  cm, 126.5      24.6  g/m(2), and 16.9      4.4, respectively, p  <  0.001 for all). Pulmonary artery systolic pressure was positively correlated to duration of dialysis and negatively correlated to glomerular filtration rate (p  <  0.001 and r  =  -0.991). Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly increased in dialysis @entity1 (1.9      0.2 Wood units vs. 1.2 Wood units in controls, p  <  0.001). @entity409 , defined as brachial artery flow mediated dilatation <6%, was found in 46% of dialysis group. CONCLUSION: Increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure in the HD population could be attributed to left atrium dilatation and @entity1002 . Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly increased in dialysis group. This might be explained by impaired endothelial @entity842 synthesis that not only caused systemic vasoconstriction but also affected the pulmonary vasculature.

title: Evaluation of pulmonary artery pressure and resistance by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in XXXX with end-stage renal disease on dialysis therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'Pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricle diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']