abstract: Twenty three @entity1 with recurrent @entity4710 were treated with @entity6237 . Twenty one of these received intravenous treatment during an attack (2 mg/kg over 10 minutes). The @entity591 was terminated in 17. After an intravenous bolus of @entity6237 , blood samples were drawn at regular intervals for analysis of @entity6237 concentration over 48 hours. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated--median terminal half life 7.5 hours, median volume of distribution 6.2 l/kg, and median plasma clearance 7.2 ml/min/kg. There was a significant correlation between half life and age. Twenty of the @entity1 received long term treatment with an oral preparation of @entity6237 to prevent further attacks. Twelve had no further attacks and 16 were considered to have good control. Two @entity1 suffered potentially serious arrhythmogenic effects soon after the start of oral treatment and @entity6237 had to be stopped. During oral treatment regular blood samples were drawn and plasma concentrations were analysed to assess the therapeutic range. This did not differ substantially from that proposed in adults (400-800 micrograms/l). Eight @entity1 were electively withdrawn from oral @entity6237 to see whether they really needed it. Blood samples for measurement of @entity6237 concentration were drawn after their last oral dose. Pharmacokinetic variables were calculated: time to maximum concentration 2 hours, median terminal half life 7.9 hours. For the combined data from @entity1 receiving intravenous and oral treatment there was a significant correlation between elimination half life and age. An intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg over at least 10 minutes and an initial oral dose of 6 mg/kg/day in three divided doses is recommended. Treatment should be started in hospital so that @entity1 in whom the drug may be arrhythmogenic can be identified and plasma concentrations measured to identify @entity1 in whom lack of efficacy is caused by underdosage.

title: Paediatric use of XXXX in @entity4710 : clinical efficacy and pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of @entity5962 and @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) expression in the prediction of cervical lymph node @entity3 in @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx. DESIGN: Immunohistochemical analysis of retrospectively selected cases. @entity1 The study population was composed of 95 previously untreated @entity1 with @entity957 of the supraglottic larynx. Intervention All the @entity1 underwent surgical resection of the @entity5 and bilateral neck dissection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity5962 and @entity3818 expression in relation to nodal @entity3 . RESULTS: Decreased @entity5962 expression was correlated with the presence of nodal @entity3 (P = .006). The combination of @entity5962 and @entity3818 expression resulted in a superior accuracy in assessing nodal metastasis (P = .001). Histological grade was also associated with nodal @entity3 (P = .005). Multivariate analysis confirmed that these parameters were independent predictors of nodal @entity3 . In addition, the cases with decreased @entity5962 and increased @entity3818 expression presented a significantly reduced disease-specific survival (P = .005). CONCLUSION: The combination of the expression of @entity5962 and @entity3818 could increase our ability to identify @entity1 with clinically negative lymph nodes who are at considerable risk for occult @entity3 .

title: @entity3818 and @entity5962 as markers for nodal metastasis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the effects of @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) on physical health, psychological health and quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHOD: Studies were identified through a systematic search of six electronic databases. Randomized control trials (RCTs) examining the effects of @entity1297 , versus a control group receiving no intervention on physical health, psychological health and QOL in @entity0 @entity1 were included. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of included studies using a quality-scoring instrument developed by Jadad et al. and extracted relevant information according to a predesigned extraction form. Data was analysed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Revman5.1. RESULT: Finally, seven studies involving 951 @entity1 were included. While limited in power, the results of meta-analysis indicated a positive effect of @entity1297 in reducing @entity148 [ @entity7126 -0.31, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.16, P<0.0001], @entity308 [ @entity7126 -1.13, 95% CI -1.85 to -0.41, P=0.002], fear of recurrence[ @entity7126 -0.71, 95% CI -1.05 to -0.38, P<0.0001], and fatigue[ @entity7126 -0.88, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.05, P=0.04] associated with @entity0 , and improving emotional well-being [ @entity7126 0.39, 95% CI 0.19-0.58, P=0.0001], physical function[ @entity7126 0.42, 95% CI 0.19-0.65, P=0.0004], and physical health [ @entity7126 0.31, 95% CI 0.08-0.54, P=0.009] in these @entity1 . Although the effects on stress, spirituality, @entity158 and sleep were in the expected direction, they were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Moreover, there is limited evidence from a narrative synthesis that @entity1297 can improve QOL of @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The present data indicate that @entity1297 is a promising adjunctive therapy for @entity1 with @entity0 . Due to some methodological flaws in the literature, further well-designed RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these preliminary estimates of effectiveness.

title: Effects of @entity1297 for @entity1 with XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['mindfulness-based therapy', 'MBT']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A study of 187 @entity1 (201 eyes) with @entity732 ( @entity732 ) was done to determine the etiology, natural history, and treatment of this disorder. On follow-up, almost 90% of the @entity1 had visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The rest had poor visual acuities initially. The @entity1 population was divided into three groups according to treatment. Group I included 65 @entity1 treated aggressively with mechanical and pharmaceutic measures to reduce intraocular pressure and with anti-platelet drugs. Group II was composed of 81 @entity1 treated only with antiplatelet agents given chronically. Group III (41 @entity1 ) received no treatment and represented the control group. No statistically significant difference in visual outcome was found on comparison of these three groups of @entity1 . In this study we observed that 98% of the @entity732 cases involved the temporal arteries. Emboli were documented in 125 eyes (62%). Systemic @entity101 was common (132 @entity1 or 71%). Although @entity732 appears to be a relatively benign disease, its association with severe systemic conditions and documented increase in @entity1 mortality suggests the need for careful evaluation by ophthalmologists.

title: XXXX : a review of 201 eyes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch retinal-artery occlusion', 'BRAO']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['Branch retinal-artery obstruction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2946 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the most common central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 diagnosed in childhood. Survival outcomes are worse for @entity1 diagnosed with CNS @entity5 compared to @entity2946 . Less is known about survival outcomes in teenagers and young adults (TYA). METHODS: Data were extracted from two population-based @entity5 registries of @entity1 and young @entity1 (0-24  years) in the north of England for all diagnoses of @entity2946 and CNS @entity5 between 1990 and 2013. Incidence and survival trends were analysed using Poisson and Cox regression. RESULTS: Between 1990 and 2013, 197 @entity2946 and 58 CNS @entity5 were diagnosed, age-standardised incidence rates of 3.8 and 1.5 per million, respectively. @entity2946 incidence decreased over time while there was no significant change in trend for CNS @entity5 . The overall 5-year survival rate was 54%. The risk of @entity204 was 2.4 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6, 3.7) for @entity1 with CNS @entity5 compared to @entity2946 , after adjustment for @entity1 characteristics. There was a 39% reduction (95% CI 0.43, 0.87) in the risk of @entity204 for @entity1 diagnosed between 2000 and 2013 compared to 1990-1999. Risk of @entity204 did not differ for TYA (15-24 years) compared to @entity1 aged 5-9  years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2946 incidence decreased over time and differences in survival between @entity2946 and @entity5 emerged within the first-year post diagnosis leading to poorer outcomes for @entity1 and young adults diagnosed with @entity5 ; however, a significant improvement in survival over time was observed.

title: Incidence and survival of XXXX and young @entity1 with central nervous system embryonal tumours in the North of England, 1990-2013.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal tumours', 'PNET', 'cancer', 'primitive neuroectodermal tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma', 'Medulloblastoma', 'medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Genotypic abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system have been suggested as a risk factor for the development of @entity5714 in @entity6 @entity1 . We studied the relationship of either an insertion-deletion polymorphism in the @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) gene and the @entity7742 and @entity26203 variant polymorphisms of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) @entity1 and its relationship with @entity65 . A total of 193 @entity2175 @entity1 (89 @entity1 and 104 @entity1 aged 59.2 +/- 10.0 years; @entity6 duration, 13.2 +/- 6.2 years) and 90 control subjects (42 @entity1 and 48 @entity1 aged 45.4 +/- 12.6 years) were recruited for the association study. Distribution of the genotype or allelic frequencies for all the studied polymorphisms did not differ significantly between controls and @entity2175 @entity1 . @entity1289 and @entity2178 genes did not display any difference in clinical or metabolic parameters according to each gene's genotype for either the control or the @entity2175 group. For evaluation of @entity8 and @entity989 , @entity2175 @entity1 were matched with subjects not having @entity5714 . Thus, a total of 60 @entity1 had @entity2316 and were compared with 100 @entity1 with normoalbuminuria. Sixty-eight @entity2175 @entity1 had @entity6 , and 92 @entity1 presented no signs of @entity989 . There were no differences in genotypic or allelic distribution between @entity2175 @entity1 for either the presence or absence of @entity989 or @entity8 . We conclude that the @entity1289 and @entity2178 polymorphisms do not contribute to the genetic susceptibility to @entity2316 and @entity989 in a caucasian Mediterranean population.

title: XXXX and @entity2178 gene polymorphisms in @entity2175 . Lack of relationship with @entity2316 and @entity989 in a Caucasian Mediterranean population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathic complications']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin I-converting enzyme']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between socio-demographic factors, @entity299 risk factors, @entity1109 and the use of hormone replacement therapy by English @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of a population-based survey. SETTING: England. POPULATION: 13,214 @entity1 aged 40-69 years who participated in the nurse-administered schedule of the Health Survey for England between 1993 and 1996. OUTCOME: Current hormone replacement therapy use. RESULTS: @entity1 from social classes II and I and @entity1 who live in the south of England were more likely to use hormone replacement therapy independently of a range of socio-demographic factors including education. The adjusted odds ratio for social classes II and I compared with social classes IV and V was 1.51 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.91) and for @entity1 in the South of England was 1.38 (95% CI 1.18 to 1.62). @entity1 with a history of @entity299 and those with high @entity165 levels were less likely to use hormone replacement therapy. @entity1 with @entity1109 were more likely to be prescribed hormone replacement therapy, as were those who had recently seen a doctor. CONCLUSION: There is marked socio-demographic inequity in use of hormone replacement therapy. This may accentuate existing inequalities in health and reduce any potential benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy for public health. The relationship between @entity1109 , use of medical services and use of hormone replacement therapy suggests that hormone replacement therapy is prescribed for the management of @entity1109 .

title: Differences in hormone replacement therapy use by social class, region and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['psychological symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) after definitive radiotherapy presents a difficult clinical problem. This cohort of @entity1 poses a diagnostic challenge to the head and neck surgeon because evaluation of the post-irradiated neck, both clinically and radiologically, is known to be difficult, and it is not uncommon for neck dissection specimen in suspected recurrent @entity66 to contain no viable @entity5 cells. Currently, there is no well-accepted method for the preoperative determination of the presence of @entity5 in these @entity66 . METHODS: Over a 7-year period in a tertiary hospital, we systematically reviewed the clinical charts of 42 @entity1 with @entity189 who were diagnosed with suspected recurrent @entity66 , after radical definitive radiotherapy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on clinically palpable nodes and results were correlated with final histopathologic results. Findings on CT scan were also correlated with final histopathologic specimens. RESULTS: The specificity and sensitivity of FNAC was 75.0% and 75.0%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of FNAC was 93.8% and 37.5%, respectively. CT scan had a positive predictive value of 78.6%. The negative predictive value for multilevel involvement on CT scan was 20%. CONCLUSION: Radiological imaging and FNAC are useful diagnostic modalities in assessing recurrent @entity66 in the post-irradiated neck in @entity1 with @entity189 . Although routine CT scan criteria for pathologic lymphadenopathy cannot be accurately applied in the post-irradiated neck, it is a useful surveillance tool in the routine follow-up of @entity1 with post-irradiated neck with @entity189 . Clinicians, however, must understand their limitations when assessing these @entity1 . The possibility of negative neck dissection must be conveyed to the @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of recurrent XXXX after @entity189 : diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration cytology and CT scan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease', 'nodal diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['nodal disease']


abstract: Over the past century, the endangered @entity33833 ( @entity33833 ) has experienced a severe contraction in demography and geographic range because of habitat loss, poaching, and prey depletion. In its historical home in Northeast China, there appears to be a single @entity7928 population that includes @entity7928 in Southwest Primorye and Northeast China; however, the current demographic status of this population is uncertain. Information on the abundance, distribution and genetic diversity of this population for assessing the efficacy of conservation interventions are scarce. We used noninvasive genetic detection data from scats, capture-recapture models and an accumulation curve method to estimate the abundance of @entity33833 in Northeast China. We identified 11 individual @entity7928 (6 females and 5 males) using 10 microsatellite loci in three nature reserves between April 2013 and May 2015. These @entity7928 are confined primarily to a Hunchun Nature Reserve along the border with Russia, with an estimated population abundance of 9-11 @entity7928 during the winter of 2014-2015. They showed a low level of genetic diversity. The mean number of alleles per locus was 2.60 and expected and observed heterozygosity were 0.42 and 0.49, respectively. We also documented long-distance dispersal (~270 km) of a male @entity33833 to Huangnihe Nature Reserve from the border, suggesting that the expansion of neighboring Russian populations may eventually help sustain Chinese populations. However, the small and isolated population recorded by this study demonstrate that there is an urgent need for more intensive regional management to create a @entity7928 -permeable landscape and increased genetic connectivity with other populations.

title: Estimating the Population Size and Genetic Diversity of XXXX in Northeast China.

entities_list: @entity33833 :: ('74533', 'Species') :: ['Amur tigers', 'Panthera tigris altaica', 'Amur tiger']

answer: @entity33833 :: (74533,Species) :: ['Amur Tigers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the incidence of @entity1956 virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative/ @entity10745 virus antibody (HCVAb)-negative @entity157 (NBNC-HCC) is gradually increasing, it has been mostly ignored in previous studies. The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors that influence recurrence and survival in @entity1 with NBNC-HCC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 675 @entity1 with NBNC-HCC and 3529 @entity1 with HBsAg-positive/HCVAb-negative HCC (BNC-HCC) who underwent curative resection between 1997 and 2009. Intrahepatic recurrences were classified into early ( <=1 year) and late (>1 year) recurrences. Multivariate competing risks analyses with Bonferroni correction were used to evaluate independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the NBNC-HCC and BNC-HCC groups regarding overall survival, cumulative incidence of @entity204 , and recurrence. However, the @entity1 with NBNC-HCC were much older (P < .001), were associated less often with @entity82 or elevated a-fetoprotein levels (P < .001), and had a much lower ratio of @entity1 to @entity1 (P < .001). @entity5 were larger (P < .001), but were involved less often with vascular invasion (P = .004). Women, serum y-glutamyl transpeptidase level, @entity5 size, @entity5 capsule, and @entity5 differentiation were identified as independent risk factors for HCC-specific survival in @entity1 with NBNC-HCC. The cumulative incidence of @entity204 for @entity1 with NBNC-HCC was significantly greater than for @entity1 with NBNC-HCC (P < .001).Tumor capsule and vascular invasion were identified as independent risk factors for early recurrence of NBNC-HCC, whereas @entity5 differentiation was identified as the only significant risk factor for late recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who had NBNC-HCC had characteristics and prognostic factors that differed from those in @entity1 who had BNC-HCC. @entity1 with NBNC-HCC should be more closely monitored, and it may be worthwhile to evaluate @entity172 administration for the maintenance of sex hormone balance and to improve these poor outcomes.

title: XXXX virus surface antigen-negative and @entity10745 virus antibody-negative @entity157 : clinical characteristics, outcome, and risk factors for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'NBNC-HCC tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['HCC-specific death']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B']


abstract: A quantitative assessment of bone tissue stresses and strains is essential for the understanding of failure mechanisms associated with @entity170 , @entity571 , loosening of implants and cell-mediated adaptive bone-remodeling processes. According to Wolff's trajectorial hypothesis, the trabecular architecture is such that minimal tissue stresses are paired with minimal weight. This paradigm at least suggests that, normally, stresses and strains should be distributed rather evenly over the trabecular architecture. Although bone stresses at the apparent level were determined with @entity1417 ( @entity1417 ), by assuming it to be continuous, there is no data available on trabecular tissue stresses or strains of bones in situ under physiological loading conditions. The objectives of this project were to supply reasonable estimates of these quantities for the @entity235 femur, to compare trabecular-tissue to apparent stresses, and to test Wolff's hypothesis in a quantitative sense. For that purpose, the newly developed method of large-scale micro- @entity1417 was applied in conjunction with micro-CT structural measurements. A three-dimensional high-resolution computer reconstruction of a proximal @entity235 femur was made using a micro-CT scanner. This was converted to a large-scale FE-model with 7.6 million elements, adequately refined to represent individual trabeculae. Using a special-purpose FE-solver, analyses were conducted for three different orthogonal hip-joint loading cases, one of which represented the stance-phase of walking. By superimposing the results, the tissue stress and strain distributions could also be calculated for other force directions. Further analyses of results were concentrated on a trabecular volume of interest (VOI) located in the center of the head. For the stance phase of walking an average tissue principal strain in the VOI of 279 strain was found, with a standard deviation of 212 microstrain. The standard deviation depended not only on the hip-force magnitude, but also on its direction. In more than 95% of the tissue volume the principal stresses and strains were in a range from zero to three times the averages, for all hip-force directions. This indicates that no single load creates even stress or strain distributions in the trabecular architecture. Nevertheless, excessive values occurred at few locations only, and the maximum tissue stress was approximately half the value reported for the tissue fatigue strength. These results thus indicate that trabecular bone tissue has a safety factor of approximately two for @entity572 that occur during normal activities.

title: Tissue stresses and strain in trabeculae of a XXXX proximal femur can be quantified from computer reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1417 :: ('MESH:C565217', 'Disease') :: ['FEA', 'finite element analysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip-joint loads']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: AIM: @entity2493 has been associated with various @entity5 , including @entity1313 , and shown to inhibit growth of @entity521 cells and @entity11 in animal models. Likewise, @entity1 with @entity463 receiving @entity2493 reported better survival than controls. Pineal @entity730 may lead to a decreased production of @entity2493 by calcified glands. This study assessed association between pineal @entity730 and primary @entity1313 in pediatric/adolescent @entity1 . METHODS: Medical chart review was conducted in 181 @entity1 <15 years old who had undergone brain computed tomography (CT) during 2008-2012. Pineal @entity730 was identified using brain CT scan by an experienced neurosurgeon. @entity1313 was confirmed by CT scan and histology, and association with pineal @entity730 was estimated using multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: @entity1313 was detected in 51 @entity1 (mean age 9.0, standard deviation 4.0 years), with @entity2946 being the most common (11 @entity1 ). Pineal @entity730 was detected in 12 @entity1 (23.5%) with primary @entity1313 , while only 11 @entity1 (8.5%) without @entity5 had pineal @entity730 . Adjusted for @entity1 ' ages and genders, pineal @entity730 was associated with an increase in primary @entity1313 of 2.82-fold (odds ratio 2.82; 95% confidence interval 1.12-7.08, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION: Pineal @entity730 appears to be associated with primary @entity1313 . Further studies to explore this link are discussed and warranted.

title: Pineal @entity730 is associated with pediatric primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'Primary brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: @entity14312 ( @entity14312 ) represents an extremely rare @entity154 of unknown origin. Usually evidenced within 2 years of age, nearly 45% of reported cases present associated malformations such as presacral mass, @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) and @entity790 . The confirmative diagnosis is histopathological, with evidence of an anal mucosal lining (squamous +/- transitional epithelium), surrounded from a smooth muscle coat and anal glands. We review a conjoined experience from two European pediatric surgical departments. From 1970 to 2005, 12 @entity1 were observed, seven in Pescara, Italy (1997-2005), five in Barcelona, Spain (1970-2004) - mean age at diagnosis 17.8 months, range 0-60; M:F = 1:11. Clinical presentation, diagnostic-surgical approach, and complications were reviewed. According to clinical presentation, @entity1 could be divided in three age groups: asymptomatic (mean age 4.8 months, six @entity1 - one with an associated complex genitourinary @entity600 , one with a presacral @entity44 , one with @entity14312 evidenced hysthologically on a retroanal mass removed during the correction of an @entity2463 ), mildly symptomatic - constipation, mucous discharge (mean age 29.2 months, four @entity1 - one with associated @entity424 and @entity528 type B, one with presacral mass) and complicated - perineal abscess, recurrent @entity292 (mean age 34 months, two @entity1 ). In 11 cases a perianal orifice was evident (ten posteriorly located). The pelvic-MRI was the preferred diagnostic tool in Pescara (5/7, with presacral mass in two @entity1 ), fistulography in Barcelona (5/5), where one presacral mass was discovered intraoperatively. Eleven @entity1 underwent surgical removal of the @entity14312 (five perineal approach, five posterior sagittal approach, and one PSARP). Histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis in operated cases (11). The parents of the male @entity1 denied the consent to surgical treatment. The only major post-operative complication was a @entity1887 (one case), surgically treated. When facing a perianal orifice, attention should be paid to @entity14312 , particularly in female @entity1 with coexistent genitourinary or intestinal malformations. Pelvic US and MRI are the gold standard to evidence the not rarely associated presacral mass. Surgical early removal (mucosectomy or perineal/posterior sagittal approach, depending on length of @entity14312 and associated presacral mass) is warranted, also in asymptomatic @entity1 , because of the risk of inflammatory complications and @entity5 (the latter reported in literature in adults).

title: XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 12 cases from two European pediatric surgical departments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['presacral ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['sphincteric insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation', 'ARM']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity14312 :: ('MESH:C563020', 'Disease') :: ['Anal canal duplication', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal neuronal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary anomalies']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature teratoma']

answer: @entity14312 :: (MESH:C563020,Disease) :: ['Anal canal duplication']


abstract: It has been suggested that ovulation may constitute a cyclic inflammatory-like process and that gonadotropin-inducible intraovarian interleukin (IL)-1, an established mediator of @entity32 , may play a central role in this regard. In support of this hypothesis, our group has been able to document the ability of IL-1 to potently stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis by cultured @entity35 ovarian cells. Herein we explore the possibility that the prostaglandin-stimulating action of IL-1 is due, in part, to the enhanced expression of ovarian @entity25191 ( @entity25191 ). A single @entity25191 transcript of 1.4 kilobases was noted in all extraovarian tissues of immature @entity35 origin subjected to Northern blot analysis. However, only a barely detectable signal was apparent in ovarian tissue. In contrast, the more sensitive RNase protection assay revealed the unequivocal presence of ovarian @entity25191 transcripts. Cellular localization studies by way of in situ hybridization documented @entity25191 transcripts primarily in the granulosa cell of the periovulatory ovary. Molecular probing of untreated cultured whole ovarian dispersates disclosed spontaneous elaboration of @entity25191 transcripts as early as 20 h after the introduction of cells into culture. Treatment of cultured whole ovarian dispersates with @entity3426 for 48 h produced a 1.7-fold increase (over the value in untreated controls) in the relative expression of @entity25191 transcripts (p < 0.01) along with a 1.7-fold increase in media PLA2 activity (p < 0.01). A more marked increase was documented for @entity3426 -treated cultured isolated granulosa cells (12.5-fold increase, p < 0.001). Treatment of whole ovarian dispersates with an @entity19646 ( @entity19646 ) produced a reduction in the basal expression of @entity25191 transcripts (55% at the 5 microg/ml dose level; p < 0.01) and PLA2 activity (40%; p < 0.01), thereby suggesting basal endogenous IL-1-like bioactivity. Treatment of cultured whole ovarian dispersates with either hCG or FSH led to 2.6-fold (p = 0.056) and 3-fold (p = 0.029) increases in the abundance of @entity25191 transcripts, respectively, effects blocked by the concurrent presence of @entity19646 . These observations 1) document the immature @entity35 ovary as a site of @entity25191 gene expression, 2) localize the relevant transcripts to the postovulatory granulosa cell, 3) confirm the presence of functional secreted ovarian PLA2 activity, 4) reveal PLA2 expression to be @entity23304 ) suggest the existence of endogenous PLA2-stimulating IL-1-like activity. These findings also suggest that the ability of hCG or FSH to up-regulate ovarian @entity25191 transcripts may be due, in part, to the endogenous elaboration of IL-like activity.

title: Ovarian expression, cellular localization, and hormonal regulation of XXXX secretory phospholipase A2: increased expression by interleukin-1 and by gonadotropins.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23304 :: ('171040(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1- and gonadotropin-dependent, and 5']

entities_list: @entity25191 :: ('29692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['sPLA2', 'secretory phospholipase-A2']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether the levels of serum cytokines @entity650 and @entity310 and of the soluble receptors @entity37498 and srIL-2ac are valuable markers of disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) compared with the established parameters of anti-dsDNA, C3, C4 and CH50. Forty @entity1 with @entity1252 , 19 ambulatory and 21 hospitalised, were included in this study. On the day of blood sampling a clinical examination was performed and SLEDAI and ECLAM disease activity scores were used to assess disease activity. Nineteen @entity1 had inactive disease and 21 @entity1 had active disease. Thirteen @entity1 from the second group developed @entity1310 . In these @entity1 the blood sampling and disease activity assessment were performed twice (at presentation and 6 months after treatment). Serum levels of cytokines and soluble receptors were measured by ELISA. Serum levels of cytokines and soluble receptors of @entity1 with active disease were significantly higher than in @entity1 with inactive disease ( @entity650 = 0.0004, @entity310 p = 0.0015, srIL-2c p<0.0001, @entity2902 srTNFalpha p<0.0001, @entity3647 srTNFalpha p<0.0001). Serum soluble receptor levels of @entity1 with inactive disease were higher than those of healthy controls ( @entity2902 srTNFalpha p<0.0001, @entity3647 srTNFalpha p = 0.0002, srIL-2alpha p = 0.0012). No significant difference was found for @entity310 and @entity650 ( @entity310 p=0.015, @entity650 p=0.019). Serum @entity310 levels and especially srIL-2alpha, @entity2902 srTNFalpha( and @entity3647 srTNFalpha levels correlated strongly with SLEDAI and ECLAM disease activity scores, anti-dsDNA, C3, C4 and CH50 (p<0.0001). Serum soluble receptor (srIL-2alphac, @entity2902 srTNFa, @entity3647 srTNFalpha) levels were higher in @entity1 with @entity1310 before treatment and decreased significantly 6 months after treatment (p=0.005). The same trend was noticed with SLEDAI and ECLAM disease activity scores (p = 0.005) and anti-dsDNA (p = 0.008). In contrast, no significant differences were observed for C3 and C4 levels before and after treatment, which suggests that soluble receptors of cytokines are more sensitive markers of disease activity than C3 or C4 in predicting improvement. Serum levels of srIL-2alpha, @entity2902 srTNFalpha and @entity3647 srTNFalpha could provide useful information about disease activity in @entity1252 @entity1 , especially in cases where the other markers do not.

title: Serum XXXX , @entity310 , @entity2902 srTNFalpha, p75srTNFalpha, srIL-2alpha levels and disease activity in @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: A 40-year-old male military Veteran* presents to a family physician with chronic symptoms that include recurrent @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 , @entity2414 , @entity25 , and relationship troubles. He has not had a family physician since leaving the military 2 years ago. His Military Occupation Classification had been infantry. He explains that he had been deployed to war zones and that during a firefight several years earlier an enemy weapon exploded nearby, killing a fellow soldier and wounding others. He does not recall being injured, but remembers feeling a thump and that his "computer had to reboot." This was followed by @entity10 and a few days of ringing in his ears. He also suffered a concussion during a military hockey game. He was assessed and treated for persistent @entity10 in the service and recalls that results of a head computed tomography scan were negative. Veterans Affairs Canada (VAC) granted him a disability award for posttraumatic @entity10 and provided certain treatment benefits. He took medication for the @entity10 . Following transition to civilian life he had difficulty holding jobs, but had been reluctant to seek help. He saw stories on television about blast-induced minor @entity131 in Iraq and Afghanistan, and wonders if he "has MTBI." Findings from his physical examination, bloodwork, and Mini Mental State Examination are normal, but his Montreal Cognitive Assessment score is 24, suggesting possible @entity73 . The physician organizes follow-up appointments and a neurology consultation. After reading about Canada's military-aware operational stress injury (OSI) clinics in a medical journal, he refers the Veteran to a VAC district office for access to mental health assessment.

title: Battlefield brain: unexplained symptoms and blast-related mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty sleeping']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: Eight @entity1 , six @entity1 and two @entity1 , had chronic photosensitivity of 2.0 +/- 1.1 years' duration. The clinical and photobiological signs were consistent with a diagnosis of chronic @entity9335 . Photosensitivity was extremely severe, and the minimal erythematous dose (MED) in polychromatic light was dramatically decreased in all eight @entity1 (82 +/- 20 mJ/cm2; range: 25-200 for a normal MED range of 1.000 to 2.000 mJ/cm2). Photopatchtests were positive to @entity9852 in four @entity1 , to fragrance mix and @entity4076 in two @entity1 , to balsam of Peru and musk ambrette in one @entity1 each. Seven @entity1 were treated with corticopuvatherapy. They all were markedly improved after one month of treatment, recovering normal MED and outdoor activities. Corticosteroid therapy was gradually reduced and stopped after 3 months, while puvatherapy was continued for several months. Treatment was withdrawn in three @entity1 . The minimal erythematous dose was monitored after discontinuation of therapy: a progressive decrease of MED was observed, accompanied by a relapse in two of the three @entity1 . This relapse was well controlled by another course of corticopuvatherapy. Four other @entity1 had, after discontinuation of treatment, another course of corticopuvatherapy reinstituted in the early spring. Puvatherapy was stopped at the end of october. One @entity1 did not receive corticopuvatherapy because she was living far from a puvatherapy centre. She was treated with @entity500 for 6 months without improvement, then with @entity500 + @entity617 20 mg daily during 2 years with slight improvement. Corticopuvatherapy is a very efficient means of treating severe @entity9335 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Persistent photosensitivity: treatment with puvatherapy and XXXX (corticopuvatherapy)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity4076 :: ('MESH:C005290', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybenzone']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['actinic dermatitis syndrome', 'chronic actinic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity9852 :: ('MESH:C031637', 'Chemical') :: ['phenothiazine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and their oxygenated analogues ( @entity38613 ) are ubiquitous air pollutants known to cause adverse health effects. PAH air levels are commonly monitored by active sampling but passive sampling has become popular because of its lower cost and simplicity, which facilitate long-term sampling and increased spatial coverage. However, passive samplers are less suitable for short-term sampling and are in general less accurate than active samplers because they require reliable sampling rate (Rs) measurements for individual analytes under diverse environmental conditions. In this study a small passive sampler designed to sample both particle-bound and gaseous compounds was evaluated and calibrated for @entity2556 and @entity38613 in a traffic environment by co-deployment with active samplers for two weeks. Despite the relatively low average air concentrations of PM10 (20   g/m(3)), PM2.5 (5   g/m(3)), total @entity2556 (4.2  ng/m(3)), and @entity38613 (2.3  ng/m(3)) at the site, detectable quantities (on average 24 times above blank values) of the full range of @entity2556 and @entity38613 were captured, with low variability (average RSD of 16%). This was accomplished by using a Tenax(  ) TA-modified glass fiber substrate that is compatible with highly sensitive thermal desorption GC-MS analysis, which made it possible to achieve detection limits per sample in the pg range. Experiments with inverted samplers revealed that the relative contribution of gravitational settling to the sampling of particles carrying @entity2556 and @entity38613 was around 3.5 times larger than other deposition mechanisms. Average Rs values for individual @entity38613 and @entity2556 were 0.046      0.03  m(3)/day and 0.12      0.07  m(3)/day, respectively, with no appreciable difference between the values for particle-associated and gaseous compounds. Furthermore, the Rs values were competitive with other currently used passive samplers if normalized for substrate area. Overall, the new sampler's performance, simplicity and ability to generate relatively time-resolved data make it a promising candidate for diverse SVOC monitoring studies.

title: Field evaluation and calibration of a small axial passive air sampler for gaseous and particle bound XXXX ( @entity2556 ) and oxygenated @entity2556 .

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To communicate long-term results of the multicentre phase III trial post-prostatectomy @entity322 (PPI) treated with an adjustable male sling. @entity1 AND METHODS: 48 PPI @entity1 were included in this trial from April 2003 to September 2004. 39 post radical prostatectomy and 9 post adenomectomy. 19 wore 5 pads per day (3-8) each weight 83 gr (17-198). 29 wore condom catheter or penile clamp The Argus was implanted through perineal approach. Using needles, the sling was transferred to the abdominal wall where it was adjusted by washers. The adjustment was done with retrograde urethral pressure from 45 to 55 cm water. Clinical data were updated till September 2007. The mean follow-up was 45 months (36-54) and median age was 67 years (52-77). The evaluation was: the ICIQ-SF score and qualification as Dry: no pads, Improved: 1 pad and Failed: 2 or more pads in 24 hr, including those with slings removed. RESULTS: 47 were evaluated, resulting: 31 (66%) Dry, 6 (12.8%) Improved and 10 (21%) Failed. The ICIQ-SF score changed from 19.5 to 6. Of the 31 dry pts, 5 required one adjustment. 10 pts failed, 9 after sling removal, 6 due to erosion and 3 for @entity281 . One @entity1 failed with the sling in place, 6 erosions were registered: 4 in the urethra, 1 into the bladder and 1 through the abdominal wall. Perineal @entity158 persisted in 2. One @entity1 was excluded, died in September 2006. CONCLUSIONS: Argus has demonstrated its efficacy in long- term follow-up. The social continence rate was about 80%. The important complication was @entity281 .

title: [Long-term results of a phase III multicentre trial of the adjustable male sling for treating XXXX after prostatectomy: minimum 3 years].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'erosion or infection']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Identification of early determinants of @entity74 , which could potentially enable individualized @entity1 care are needed at present times. Soluble @entity8389 (sST2) has been recently reported to be elevated in the serum of @entity1 older than 2 years old and adults with @entity281 and it was correlated with @entity325 as well as with severe presentations of the disease. The mechanism by which secreted @entity8389 is linked to severe @entity779 and @entity2680 remains unclear. One possibility is that @entity6889 ligand may be elevated, contributing to membrane bound @entity8389 as part of the immune activation in @entity281 . We determined plasma levels of sST2 and the ligand @entity6889 in 66 @entity1 with acute secondary @entity281 clinically classified using the guidelines of the World Health Organization, 2009. @entity281 showed significant increases in cytokines IL-12p70, @entity688 , @entity687 , @entity650 , @entity1356 and @entity310 measured by flow cytometry based assay compared to uninfected individuals. In contrast, @entity6889 levels remained unchanged between infected and uninfected individuals. The levels of sST2 positively correlated with values of @entity650 and @entity687 and inversely correlated with number of median value of platelet levels. In addition to circulating cytokine positive correlations we found that sST2 and isoenzyme @entity908 kinase-MB (CK-MB), a marker of @entity296 present in severe @entity779 cases were associated. Our pediatric study concluded that in @entity281 sST2 elevation does not involve concomitant changes of @entity6889 ligand. We propose a study to assess its value as a predictor factor of disease severity.

title: High plasma levels of soluble @entity8389 but not its ligand @entity6889 is associated with severe forms of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial muscle damage']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['plasma leakage']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue infection', 'dengue infections', 'dengue infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['secondary infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dengue disease progression']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Up to 37% of @entity1 undergoing MR imaging examinations experience moderate to severe levels of @entity148 that necessitate the termination of the procedure in 5-10% of @entity1 . Although the clinical use of MR imaging has increased, effective procedures to handle @entity913 are lacking. We evaluated the effectiveness of intranasally administered @entity1363 spray in preventing claustrophobic responses of @entity1 undergoing MR imaging. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 scheduled for MR imaging were included in this prospective study. @entity148 and sedation of @entity1 were evaluated before drug administration, immediately before MR imaging, and at the end of the procedure. The Spielberger State-Trait @entity148 Inventory, the visual analogue scale of @entity148 , and a five-point sedation scale were used. Half the @entity1 received intranasal spray applications of 4 mg @entity1363 , whereas the other @entity1 received a placebo, in a randomized, double-blind study design (six sprayings of 0.5% @entity1363 solution or @entity1219 0.9%, respectively). The intensity of the sensation of @entity5932 was rated by @entity1 using a three-point scale (no, slight, or strong burning). The quality of scan images was evaluated by a radiologist using a five-point scale (0 = extremely poor, 5 = excellent). RESULTS: No cancellations occurred with @entity1 who received @entity1363 , whereas four of 27 @entity1 receiving placebo panicked and terminated the scanning procedure. The initial @entity148 and sedation scores did not differ between the groups. @entity1 who received @entity1363 spray were more sedated and less anxious immediately before entering the MR scanner and reported a more intense slight transient @entity5932 than those in the placebo group. The quality of the MR image was higher in the @entity1363 group. CONCLUSION: A sizeable reduction in MR imaging-related @entity148 and improved MR image quality were seen with @entity1 who received intranasal @entity1363 spray. With the exception of transient @entity5932 , no adverse effects were reported. This simple and safe method is useful in sedating @entity1 for MR imaging and other minor procedures.

title: Using intranasal @entity1363 spray to prevent XXXX induced by MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity913 :: ('MESH:D010698', 'Disease') :: ['claustrophobia']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['burning of the nasal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity913 :: (MESH:D010698,Disease) :: ['claustrophobia']


abstract: Scalloped (SD) is a transcription factor characterized by a @entity1041 /ATTS DNA binding domain. To activate transcription, SD must interact with its coactivators, including @entity26879 ( @entity26879 ) or Vestigial (VG). @entity26879 is the downstream effector of the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a key role in the control of tissue growth. The core components of this pathway are two kinases, Hippo (HPO) and @entity4891 ( @entity4891 ), which negatively regulate the activity of the SD/ @entity26879 complex, retaining @entity26879 in the cytoplasm. We previously showed that HPO kinase can also reduce SD/VG transcriptional activity in @entity238 S2 cells. We further investigated the relationship between the SD/VG complex and the Hippo pathway. We show here that HPO overexpression suppresses overgrowth induced by SD/VG in vivo during @entity238 development. Using S2 cells, we show that HPO promotes the translocation of SD to the cytoplasm in a @entity39683 -dependent manner, thereby inhibiting the induction of SD/VG target genes. Using RNAi-mediated depletion of @entity26879 and a mutant SD protein unable to interact with @entity26879 , we demonstrate that HPO regulates SD localization independently of @entity26879 . This function requires HPO kinase activity, yet surprisingly, not its downstream effector kinase @entity4891 . Taken together, these observations reveal a new and unexpected role of HPO kinase in the regulation of a transcription factor independently of @entity26879 .

title: The Hippo kinase promotes Scalloped cytoplasmic localization independently of @entity4891 in a @entity39683 / XXXX -dependent manner in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity39683 :: (34167(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['Exportin1']


abstract: The viability of Giardia muris cysts was studied with the fluorogenic dyes @entity10156 (FDA) and @entity2667 (PI). @entity19443 cysts were seen to fluoresce intensely green with FDA at an excitation wavelength of 450 to 490 nm. Cysts stained with PI fluoresced bright orange at an excitation wavelength of 450 to 490 nm and bright red at 545 to 546 nm. Examination of isolated @entity19443 cyst preparations stained with FDA-PI revealed that greater than 85% of the cysts stained green with FDA and less than 15% stained orange-red with PI. Using the @entity19 model for @entity7014 , we inoculated FDA- or PI-stained cysts into neonatal @entity19 . Feces were examined at days 3, 5, 8, and 11 postinoculation for the presence of cysts. Using 1,000 FDA-stained cysts as the inoculum, we detected cysts at days 5, 8, and 11 postinoculation in 19 of 19 @entity19 , whereas a 50-fold greater dose of cysts produced @entity281 in 27 of 27 @entity19 at day 3 as well as at days 5, 8, and 11 postinoculation. Inoculation of @entity19 with either 5,000 or 50,000 PI-stained @entity19443 cysts did not produce @entity281 in any of the animals. Necropsy of @entity19 infected with FDA-stained cysts showed trophozoites within the intestines. No trophozoites were detected within animals inoculated with PI-stained cysts. These results demonstrate that FDA-positive cysts are viable, as determined by infectivity, while PI-positive cysts are nonviable and incapable of producing @entity19443 @entity281 in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A new method to determine Giardia cyst viability: correlation of @entity10156 and XXXX staining with animal infectivity.

entities_list: @entity10156 :: ('MESH:C018506', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein diacetate']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity2667 :: (MESH:D011419,Chemical) :: ['propidium iodide']


abstract: The incidence of @entity955 has been rapidly increasing in recent years. The increased tonus of the sympathetic nervous system is related to the development of @entity955 . OBJECTIVE: TO study the effect of @entity2179 , a highly selective beta-blocker, on @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 (< 48 hours) for regularization of the rhythm using @entity2779 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study includes 164 @entity1 (81 @entity1 , 83 @entity1 , age 59.09 +/- 10.81) with successfully restored sinus rhythm in recent-onset @entity955 . The @entity1 received either @entity2779 (group A, n = 82) or a combination of @entity2779 and @entity2179 (group B, n = 82). The studied @entity1 were randomly allocated to the groups. @entity2779 was administered intravenously as a 2 mg/kg bolus followed by infusion of 0.0078 mg/kg/min for 120 min and orally in dosage of 300 mg three times every 8 hours if @entity943 persisted. @entity2179 was administered in a single dose at the very beginning of @entity2779 treatment and only in @entity1 from group B at a dose of 5 or 10 mg. Regularization of the rhythm was assessed at the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th hour. RESULTS: In the initial stages of regularization the combined therapy restored the sinus rhythm in a greater number of @entity1 in comparison with the monotherapy (at the 6th hour 67.07% in group B versus 48.78% in group A, P < 0.05; at the 12th hour it was 87.80% versus 75.60%, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early regularization of rhythm in @entity1 with recent-onset @entity955 reduces the likelihood of recurrent episodes of @entity943 . This makes the application of selective beta-blockade clinically significant.

title: Effect of selective beta-blockade with XXXX in the treatment of recent-onset @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2779 :: ('MESH:D011405', 'Chemical') :: ['Propafenone', 'propafenone']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol', 'Bisoprolol']

answer: @entity2179 :: (MESH:D017298,Chemical) :: ['bisoprolol']


abstract: Myocardial protection can be achieved by transfer of coronary effluent from ischemically preconditioned to non-preconditioned hearts. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that preconditioned effluent from @entity35 hearts purified by Sep-Pak C-18 cartridges could induce remote cardioprotection against @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury through the activation of protein kinase C signaling pathway. Buffer-perfused @entity35 hearts were subject to 30 min @entity63 and 60 min reperfusion. The myocardial I/R injury was assessed by postischemic contractile function recovery and @entity1188 size. The protective effect of coronary effluent collected during ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was tested in non-preconditioned hearts in presence or absence of a @entity6164 inhibitor, @entity668 . @entity1188 size was 17 +/- 2% in preconditioned versus 37 +/- 1% in control hearts (P < 0.001). Hearts perfused with fresh preconditioned effluent had @entity1188 sizes of 16 +/- 3% versus 36 +/- 1% in hearts treated with non-preconditioned effluent. The cardioprotective effect was lost when the effluent was left at room temperature during 24 h ( @entity1188 size, 40 +/- 3%) or heated to 70 degrees C (26 +/- 4%, P < 0.05) or 100 degrees C (39 +/- 1%, P < 0.001). The lyophilized effluent was stable for 30 days, and its purification in a Sep-Pak C-18 column resulted in a hydrophobic fraction that reduced the @entity1188 size to 17 +/- 2% versus 38 +/- 2% for the hydrophilic fraction. @entity668 (100 microM) inhibited the reduction of @entity1188 size induced by IPC (35 +/- 4%) or hydrophobic fraction (37 +/- 3%). Recovery of the contractile function at reperfusion was higher in preconditioned group (74 +/- 6% versus 17 +/- 7% in control, P < 0.001) and hydrophobic fraction (66 +/- 7% versus 8 +/- 4% in hydrophilic fraction, P < 0.001). Similarly, @entity668 was able to abrogate the contractile function recovery (12 +/- 6%, P < 0.001 versus preconditioned group and 19 +/- 7%, P < 0.001 versus hydrophobic fraction). In conclusion, the cardioprotective factors released in the coronary effluent by IPC are thermolabile hydrophobic substances with molecular weights higher than 3.5 kDa and acting through @entity6164 activation.

title: Cardioprotective properties of humoral factors released from XXXX hearts subject to ischemic preconditioning.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity668 :: ('MESH:C016299', 'Chemical') :: ['Chelerythrine', 'chelerythrine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Unique astrocytic cell infiltrating growth and @entity5 growth in the confined skull make @entity1 @entity463 ( @entity463 ) one of the most difficult @entity5 to treat in modern medicine. Prognosis for @entity1 is very poor, as they die more or less within 12   months. @entity1 either die of the @entity5 itself, or secondary complications such as @entity2657 , @entity3976 , or @entity548 . GBMs rarely metastasize to other organs. However, @entity463 recurrence associated with resistance to therapeutic drugs is common. @entity1 die shortly after relapse. @entity463 is indeed an outstanding @entity5 model to search for potential mechanisms for drug resistance. Here, we reviewed the current @entity5 biology of @entity11 and their pathophysiological events that contribute to the development of therapeutic resistance. We have addressed the potential roles of @entity5 stem cells, epigenetic modifications, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the development of resistance to inhibitor drugs in GBMs. The potential role of @entity40033 (TGF-b-induced antiapoptotic factor) overexpression and generation of intratumor amyloid fibrils for conferring drug resistance in GBMs is discussed.

title: Assessing current therapeutic approaches to decode potential resistance mechanisms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['herniations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'glial tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The omentum has been employed to cover the defect produced after resection of gross @entity0 recurrence for nearly three decades. METHODS: A series of 11 @entity1 undergoing omental transposition flap for very wide resection of gross local recurrence (LR) of @entity0 is reported. The median age was 39 years, with a short interval (median = 21 months) from the treatment of the primary @entity5 to LR. Local recurrence was gross and predominantly inflammatory. RESULTS: All except one @entity1 had @entity3 in the recurrent @entity5 . The omental graft was 100% viable but one @entity1 required re-application of further split-thickness skin graft. The mean hospital stay was 16 days. Two cases of @entity2080 formation were encountered. New recurrence developed around the periphery of the flap in eight @entity1 after a median duration of local control of only 2.5 months. Eight @entity1 died with @entity3 after a median period of 6 months, six @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity66 . Five @entity1 were free from LR in over half of their remaining period of life. CONCLUSION: Omentoplasty is a safe and reliable procedure but the length of palliation achieved is often far from satisfactory.

title: Omental transposition flap for gross locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity1210 ( @entity1210 ), also called cyclic @entity1398 , is an @entity74 known to occur in both @entity1 and gray collie @entity235 . Previous reports have provided ample evidence to suggest that lymphocyte activity and regulatory mechanisms may be abnormal in @entity1210 . The present study examined the lymphocyte populations of several lymphoid compartments of gray collie @entity235 . The percentage of B lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of @entity1210 @entity235 was significantly increased whereas that of null lymphocytes was decreased. The percentage of T lymphocytes did not differ between @entity1210 and normal @entity235 , however, the proportions of T lymphocyte subpopulations were significantly different. The levels of T lymphocytes expressing IgGFc receptors (T gamma) in the thymus, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood were significantly increased; whereas the levels of T lymphocytes expressing IgMFc receptors (T mu) were significantly decreased. The percentage and absolute numbers of T gamma and T mu lymphocytes cycled in @entity1210 @entity235 . The percentage and absolute numbers of neutrophils were greatest when that of T gamma lymphocytes was reduced. The cycles of monocytes and T gamma lymphocytes occurred in close association and a linear relationship between the levels of these cells was observed both in terms of percentage (r = 0.62; P less than 0.01) and absolute number (r = 0.67; P less than 0.05). The percentage of T gamma and T mu lymphocytes were inversely correlated (r = -0.68; P less than 0.01).

title: XXXX cyclic hematopoiesis: alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, lymph nodes, and thymus of gray collie @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['CH', 'Cyclic hematopoiesis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: @entity198 in @entity1 with the @entity791 ( @entity791 ) is treated classically with @entity4765 plus @entity4766 . Unfortunately, up to 40% of these @entity1 are unable to complete the course of therapy because of adverse reactions to @entity13135 . This study considers the possible usefulness of monotherapies in the treatment of acute @entity3252 , producing parasitological cures 2-3 months after the date of @entity281 . With this therapy, the main adverse effects are suppressed. Groups of @entity19 infected with the RH strain of @entity3204 were treated with @entity4765 alone, @entity4766 alone, and @entity4765 plus @entity4766 for 7 d. Treatment with @entity4765 plus @entity4766 produced clinical cures in 100% of the infected @entity19 1 month after @entity281 . Treatment with @entity4765 gave a 60% survival rate (clinical cure) at 1 month postinfection. Finally, treatment with @entity4766 produced a 60% survival rate at 1 month postinfection. Although the antitoxoplasmic regimen with @entity4765 plus @entity4766 has proven to be effective in intensive treatment of toxoplasmic @entity198 , relapses occur in more than 80% of cases after cessation of antitoxoplasmic therapy, making secondary prophylaxis mandatory. In this study the efficacy of treatment was also evaluated in terms of parasitological cure. None of the three therapies showed parasitological cure after 1 month of treatment. When the intervals were extended to a 3-month observation, monotherapy with @entity4765 and @entity4766 alone produced a parasitological cure.

title: A clinical-parasitological monotherapy cure in the treatment of experimental XXXX by a highly virulent strain of @entity3204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity4766 :: ('MESH:D013411', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis', 'Toxoplasmic encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is a chronic @entity344 . Substantial research reveals that @entity2493 has beneficial effects in @entity31 both experimentally and clinically. We have previously reported that @entity31 was associated with local and @entity16 in @entity19 . The purpose of this study was to reveal the novel targets of @entity2493 in its protective mechanism against @entity31 in @entity19 . We also wished to determine whether or not @entity2493 protected against @entity31 -induced @entity16 in @entity19 . METHODS: @entity31 was induced in @entity19 by use of 3% (w/v) dextran sulfate @entity1372 for two cycles. One cycle comprised 7 days of DSS-treated water followed by 14 days of normal drinking water. @entity2493 was administered at doses of 2, 4, or 8 mg/kg bw/day, po throughout. The effect of @entity2493 in @entity19 with @entity31 was evaluated by use of biochemical data, histological evaluation, comet and micronucleus assays, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis. RESULTS: The results indicated that @entity2493 treatment ameliorated the severity of @entity31 by modulating a variety of molecular targets, for example nuclear factor kappa B, @entity1996 , interleukin 17, @entity42492 , and connective tissue growth factor. Further, @entity31 increased gut permeability, plasma lipopolysaccharide level, systemic @entity32 , and genotoxicity. @entity2493 treatment led to mucosal healing and reduced @entity31 -induced elevated gut permeability and reduced the plasma LPS level, systemic @entity32 , and genotoxicity. CONCLUSION: @entity2493 ameliorated ulcerative @entity16 in @entity19 .

title: @entity2493 reduces ulcerative @entity16 in XXXX : investigation on possible mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['colitis-associated local and systemic damage', 'systemic damage']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorder']

entities_list: @entity42492 :: ('20848;17395', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2, matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity902 -based therapy is active in advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 with inoperable recurrent or metastatic @entity213 have a poor prognosis; many have difficulty tolerating @entity900 -based regimens. @entity901 has antitumor activity without many of the @entity137 of @entity900 . We conducted a phase I pilot study to investigate the dose limitation of @entity901 with @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and cetuximab in @entity1 with untreated recurrent or metastatic @entity213 . The planned dose escalation schedule included: dose level 1: @entity901 100 mg/m(2) day 1, @entity1487 @entity4609 750 mg/m(2)/day over 96 h beginning day 1, and cetuximab 400 mg/m(2) day 1 (then 250 mg/m(2) weekly) every 21 days. Dose level 2: @entity901 130 mg/m(2) day 1, @entity1487 @entity4609 1,000 mg/m(2)/day over 96 h beginning day 1, and the same dose and schedule of cetuximab. Seven @entity1 were accrued at dose level 1 and three at dose level 2. Dose level 1 @entity137 included grade 1-2 @entity3136 , @entity1295 , @entity1910 , and @entity417 , and grade 1 @entity390 and transaminitis. Dose level 2 @entity137 was unacceptable: 2 of 3 @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity137 ( @entity3136 , @entity294 , and @entity810 ) requiring hospitalization with one treatment-related @entity204 . Accrual was therefore closed with dose level 1 considered the maximum tolerated dose. Observed responses were short-lived. The regimen of @entity901 100 mg/m(2) day 1, infusional @entity1487 750 mg/m(2)/day over 96 h beginning day 1, and cetuximab 400 mg/m(2) day 1 (then 250 mg/m(2) weekly), every 21 days, has manageable @entity137 ; these doses are recommended for phase II evaluation in the treatment for unresectable or metastatic @entity213 .

title: Phase I pilot study of XXXX , infusional @entity1487 , and cetuximab in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform rash']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the refractive and visual outcomes of wavefront-optimized laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in @entity735 with low @entity940 of 0.75 diopter (D) or less. SETTING: University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany, and Care Vision private clinics, Germany and Austria. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional data analysis. METHODS: This study comprised consecutive myopic @entity1 with a preoperative refractive cylinder of 0.75 D or less and a preoperative subjective sphere between -2.75 D and -11.50 D. Three subgroups were formed based on preoperative refractive cylinder magnitude (0.25 D, 0.50 D, and 0.75 D). Manifest refraction, uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), and corrected distance visual acuity were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. The astigmatic changes were determined using Alpins vector analysis. RESULTS: This study enrolled 448 eyes of 448 @entity1 (145 @entity1 , 303 @entity1 ; mean age at surgery 37.8 years    9.4 [SD]). By 4 months (mean 116.8    27.7 days) postoperatively, the mean UDVA was 0.10    0.13 logMAR and the mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) -0.05    0.68 D. There was no statistically significant difference in efficacy or safety between the preoperative cylinder groups. Astigmatic overcorrection for a preoperative cylinder of 0.25 D and 0.50 D was suggested by the correction index, the magnitude of error, the index of success, and the flattening index. CONCLUSIONS: Although the mean UDVA and mean MRSE obtained by the 4-month follow-up were appropriate, a preoperative cylinder of 0.50 D or less was significantly overcorrected. Accordingly, caution should be used when considering full astigmatic correction for manifest cylinder of 0.50 D or less.

title: Efficacy and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis for low XXXX of 0.75 diopter or less.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: AIM: To develop and validate a rapid and sensitive reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV detection for quantification of @entity19717 ( @entity607 ) in pharmaceutical preparation of parathyroid hormone (1-34) ( @entity461 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatography was performed on a Jupiter @entity20264 (4.6 mm ID   250 mm L, porosity 300   , particle size 5  m) with a guard column (reversed-phase C18 column of 4.6 mm ID   12.5 mm L, porosity 300   , particle size 5  m) using a mobile phase containing 0.1% @entity13799 in 60% @entity1042 with isocratic program at 1.0 mL/min flow rate. Detection was carried out at 217 nm. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for linearity (correlation coefficient = 0.99), range, accuracy, precision, and robustness (n = 9 during accuracy parameter whereas n =15 during linearity and range parameter and n = 6 during repeatability). Robustness was confirmed by considering two factors; age effect of the mobile phase and test sample and with different columns during method development. RESULTS: The method was linear over the concentration range of 75-120  g/mL. The precision of the method in terms of relative standard deviation was evaluated from intra- and inter-day replicate injections of system suitability standards of @entity607 using different equipment and different columns. Components of within- and between-batch variances were found to be below 2% (n = 30) and 3%, respectively, which constituted an acceptable level of variation. Retention time was found to be about 5.2 min and 10.9 min for @entity607 and @entity461 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The developed method thus has the potential of being useful for routine quality control of @entity607 .

title: Validation of a simple RP-HPLC method developed for the quantification of XXXX in parathyroid hormones formulation.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity19717 :: ('MESH:C042041', 'Chemical') :: ['meta-cresol']

answer: @entity19717 :: (MESH:C042041,Chemical) :: ['meta-cresol']


abstract: IMUNOR, a low-molecular weight (< 12 kD) ultrafiltered @entity1707 leukocyte extract, has been previously found to have significant stimulatory effects on @entity19 hematopoiesis supressed by ionizing radiation or cytotoxic drugs. This communication shows data on the mechanisms of these effects. Using ELISA assay, significantly increased levels of @entity24778 ( @entity24778 ) and @entity777 ( @entity777 ) were observed. On the contrary, no detectable levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CFC) and @entity3019 ( @entity3019 ) have been found in blood serum of IMUNOR-treated @entity19 . Incubation of the serum from IMUNOR-treated mice with antibodies against @entity24778 caused abrogation of the ability of the sera to stimulate in vitro growth of colonies originating from granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC). In contrast, incubation of the serum with antibodies against @entity777 did not change its colony-stimulating activity. It may be inferred from these findings that @entity24778 is probably the main cytokine responsible for the granulopoiesis-stimulating effects of IMUNOR. When the serum from IMUNOR-treated @entity19 with @entity24778 inactivated by anti- @entity24778 antibodies (but with elevated @entity777 ) was added to cultures of bone marrow cells together with a suboptimum concentration of @entity3019 , a significant increase in the numbers of @entity8116 was found. Moreover, conjoint inactivation of @entity24778 and @entity777 significantly decreased the numbers of @entity8116 in comparison with those observed when only @entity24778 was inactivated. This observation strongly suggests that though IMUNOR-induced @entity777 is not able to induce the growth of @entity8116 alone, it is able to potentiate the hematopoiesis-stimulating effect of @entity3019 . These findings represent a new knowledge concerning the hematopoiesis-stimulating action of IMUNOR, a promising immunomodulatory agent.

title: The role of G-CSF and IL-6 in the granulopoiesis-stimulating activity of murine blood serum induced by perorally administered ultrafiltered XXXX leukocyte extract, IMUNOR.

entities_list: @entity24778 :: ('12985(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity8116 :: ('MESH:D007960', 'Disease') :: ['GM-CFC colonies']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: A recent study showed that the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) can be better adaptively increased using an incremental retinal image velocity error signal compared with a conventional constant large velocity-gain demand ( 2). This finding has important implications for vestibular rehabilitation that seeks to improve the VOR response after injury. However, a large portion of vestibular @entity1 have @entity394 , and training that raises their VOR response during rotations to both the ipsilesional and contralesional side is not usually ideal. We sought to determine if the vestibular response to one side could selectively be increased without affecting the contralateral response. We tested nine subjects with normal vestibular function. Using the scleral search coil and head impulse techniques, we measured the active and passive @entity2194 (eye velocity / head velocity) before and after unilateral incremental VOR adaptation training, consisting of self-generated (active) head impulses, which lasted     15 min. The head impulses consisted of rapid, horizontal head rotations with peak-amplitude 15  , peak-velocity 150  /s and peak-acceleration 3,000  /s(2). The @entity2194 towards the adapting side increased after training from 0.92    0.18 to 1.11    0.22 (+22.7    20.2 %) during active head impulses and from 0.91    0.15 to 1.01    0.17 (+11.3    7.5 %) during passive head impulses. During active impulses, the @entity2194 towards the non-adapting side also increased by     8 %, though this increase was     70 % less than to the adapting side. A similar increase did not occur during passive impulses. This study shows that unilateral vestibular adaptation is possible in @entity1 with a normal VOR; unilateral incremental VOR adaptation may have a role in vestibular rehabilitation. The increase in passive @entity2194 after active head impulse adaptation suggests that the training effect is robust.

title: Unilateral adaptation of the XXXX angular vestibulo-ocular reflex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral vestibular hypofunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: The Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) risk score (range 0-7), used for @entity341 ( @entity341 ) risk stratification of @entity1 with suspected @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ), underestimates risk associated with ECG changes or cardiac troponin elevation. A modified TIMI score (mTIMI, range 0-10), which gives increased weighting to these variables, has been proposed. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the mTIMI score in @entity341 @entity1 with suspected @entity1187 . METHODS: A multicentre prospective observational study enrolled @entity1 undergoing assessment for possible @entity1187 . TIMI and mTIMI scores were calculated. The study outcome was a composite of all-cause @entity204 , @entity583 or coronary revascularisation within 30 days. RESULTS: Of the 1666 @entity1 , 219 (13%) reached the study outcome. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the composite outcome was 0.80 (0.76 to 0.83) for the mTIMI score compared with 0.71 (0.67 to 0.74) for the standard TIMI score, p<0.001, but there was no significant difference for @entity204 or revascularisation outcomes. Sensitivity and specificity for the composite outcome were 0.96 (0.92 to 0.98) and 0.23 (0.20 to 0.26), respectively, at score 0 for TIMI and mTIMI. At score <2, sensitivity and specificity were 0.82 (0.77 to 0.87) and 0.53 (0.51 to 0.56) for mTIMI, and 0.74 (0.68 to 0.79) and 0.54 (0.51 to 0.56) for standard TIMI, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: mTIMI score performs better than standard TIMI score for @entity341 risk stratification of @entity662 , but neither is sufficiently sensitive at scores >0 to allow safe and early discharge without further investigation or follow-up. Observed differences in performance may be due to incorporation bias.

title: Modified TIMI risk score cannot be used to identify low-risk XXXX in the @entity341 : a multicentre validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) is important in the assessment and workup of @entity2 staging. However, inconsistencies between clinical image results obtained and pathologic findings of surgical specimens are still very common, particularly in @entity1 with clinical early stage @entity2 . We sought to clarify the role of PET-CT in predicting mediastinal lymph node status preoperatively in clinical early stage @entity2 @entity1 . METHODS: The cases were collected retrospectively from January 2008 to February 2009. All @entity1 were good surgical candidates, and clinically early-stage during the pre-op evaluation, which included CT, PET scan, and cardiopulmonary tests. All @entity1 underwent surgery, with complete pathological evaluation of mediastinal lymph node (LNs). The pathological status and PET Standardized uptake value (SUV)(max) of mediastinal LNs were collected to calculate the ROC curve, and to determine the best cut-off value of PET SUV(max). Other cofactors, including sex, @entity5 size, @entity5 SUV(max), histology type, and lobar distribution, were analyzed utilizing correlation study, Chi-square test, and t-test for significance. RESULTS: A total of 83 @entity1 were enrolled into the study. The majority of the cases were in pathological early stage (Stage I: 67.5%, Stage II: 12%). The cut-off point of mediastinal LN SUV(max) was 1.6 calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (sensitivity: 40%, specificity: 88.7%, negative predictive rate: 95.1%). The hilar LN SUV(max) was found to have a poor correlation to the final pathologic status of hilar nodes with insignificant p value (0.487). @entity5 SUV(max) and increased hilar LN uptake (SUV(max)  >   2.0) were found to be significantly correlated with the pathologic status of mediastinal LNs. The false positive rates by PET-CT scan in N1 and N2 nodes were 70% and 78%, respectively, primarily due to inflammatory process (as anthracosis the leading cause). CONCLUSION: Integrated PET-CT is a useful tool for predicting the negativity of mediastinal LN status pre-operatively in clinically early stage (Stages I and II) @entity2 but may be relatively inaccurate in predicting hilar LN status and largely confounded by false positives caused by inflammatory process.

title: Role of preoperative PET-CT in assessing mediastinal and hilar lymph node status in early stage XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumor']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of erythroblasts in @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) which might be of additional importance in understanding its pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: 22 @entity1 were classified according to FAB (French-American-British classification), IPSS (international prognostic score system), cytogenetic risk factors and transfusion dependency. Using electron microscopy, in 77% of the cases, nuclear abnormalities consisting of disrupted membranes and cystic/dilated perinuclear spaces were noted. In a limited number of @entity1 (n=7), a low percentage of apoptosis in the erythroid lineage (mean 3.1+/-1.6%; median 3%: range 1-6) (normal controls: <0.5%) could be noted, primarily in mature erythroblasts and significantly associated with spongiform nuclear features. In all @entity1 extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization and myelin figures in erythroblasts were demonstrated. In 55% of the cases, enlarged and abnormal mitochondria were observed, significantly associated with @entity68 -accumulation. A significant inverse relation existed between the absence of apoptosis and more advanced, or high risk disease and cytogenetic risk factors. Mitochondrial abnormalities were significantly correlated with high risk disease as well with an increase in transfusion dependency. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that in @entity2590 apoptosis may play a role in early stages of disease. The overall prominent defects in mitochondria might be an additional defect that is involved in ineffective erythropoiesis.

title: Mitochondrial disruption and limited apoptosis of erythroblasts are associated with high risk XXXX . An ultrastructural analysis.

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplasia', 'MDS']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2718 infection is implicated in 20%-30% of cases of antibiotic-associated @entity294 . Studying hospitalized @entity1 who received antibiotic therapy and developed @entity294 , our objective was to compare the clinical characteristics of @entity1 who developed @entity2718 -associated @entity294 (CDAD) with those of @entity1 with a negative result of a stool assay for @entity2718 toxin. METHODS: A prospective study was done with a cohort of 217 hospitalized @entity1 who had received antibiotics and developed @entity294 . @entity1 with CDAD were defined as @entity1 who had @entity294 and a positive result for @entity2718 toxin A/B by an enzyme immunoassay of stool. The variables that yielded a significant difference on univariate analysis between @entity1 with a positive assay result and @entity1 with a negative assay result were entered into a logistic regression model for prediction of @entity2718 toxin.Setting. A 900-bed tertiary care medical center. RESULTS: Of 217 @entity1 , 52 (24%) had a positive result of assay for @entity2718 toxin A/B in their stool. The logistic regression model included impaired functional capacity, watery @entity294 , use of a proton pump inhibitor, use of a @entity112 receptor blocker, leukocytosis, and @entity4988 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the model as a predictor of a positive result for the stool toxin assay was 0.896 (95% confidence interval, 0.661-1.000; P<.001), with 95% specificity and 68% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: Our results may help clinicians to predict the risk of CDAD in hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated @entity294 , to guide careful, specific empirical therapy, and to direct early attention to infection control issues.

title: Predicting XXXX toxin in hospitalized patients with antibiotic-associated @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['C. difficile', 'Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: The @entity470 ( @entity470 ) is a member of the @entity470 family of receptors. @entity470 and other members of the @entity470 family have been shown to play significant roles in @entity1 @entity5 cell proliferation and therefore present important molecular targets for the treatment of @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the pan-erbB @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity36964 against @entity1721 in vitro and in vivo. We selected 4 @entity1 @entity1721 cell lines (TT, @entity19078 , TE6, and TE10), and determined their expression of @entity470 and @entity1722 . We examined the ability of @entity36964 to inhibit cell growth in vitro and in vivo. @entity470 and @entity1722 were overexpressed in all 4 @entity418 cells. We found that @entity36964 could inhibit the growth of @entity418 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner with the inhibition of phosphorylation of both MAPK and AKT. The oral administration of @entity36964 exerted a significant antitumor effect on @entity418 @entity5 in athymic @entity19 . Our results suggest that @entity36964 effectively inhibits the growth of @entity1721 which co-expresses both @entity470 and @entity1722 with the inhibition of phosphorylation of both MAPK and AKT. Furthermore, in vivo animal studies of @entity36964 suggest that @entity36964 holds significant clinical potential in @entity418 .

title: The pan-erbB @entity669 kinase inhibitor XXXX inhibits @entity1 @entity418 cells in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity36964 :: (MESH:C420268,Chemical) :: ['CI-1033']


abstract: @entity418 remains an important public health problem worldwide. Understanding and preventing the occurrence of this @entity5 are complicated by the fact that the 2 major histologic types, @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity420 (ACE), differ substantially in their underlying patterns of incidence and key etiologic factors. The main characteristic that they share is a high mortality rate. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data for the United States show a 30% drop in incidence of @entity957 between 1973 and 2002, with declines greatest in black males, although incidence in this group remains high compared with other groups. Incidence of ACE has increased 4-fold over the same period, with a nearly 5-fold increase in white males. Alcohol and smoking are major, established risk factors for @entity957 . @entity354 is consistently associated with increased risk of ACE, whereas infection with @entity1534 may reduce its incidence. Increasing body mass index is also strongly associated with ACE risk while showing no association or an inverse relationship with @entity957 . Diet affects both types of @entity418 , with a higher intake of fruits and vegetables associated with reduced incidence. @entity117 and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are currently the most promising chemoprevention candidates for both @entity5 types. Lifestyle changes, such as @entity353 and exercise, are additional ways in which the incidence of ACE might be reduced.

title: Epidemiology and pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['Gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']