abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective multicenter study of series of 20 @entity1 with @entity424 , which underwent surgery. OBJECTIVE.: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of @entity1 surgically treated for spinal @entity424 . @entity16 after @entity5 resection is discussed in terms of the @entity5 encapsulation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: @entity424 occur most commonly in the cauda equina and/or conus medullaris region. Most series published in the literature have covered @entity86 recurrence and role of adjuvant radiotherapy. Few contradistinctive studies in postoperative @entity51 were reviewed from the standpoints of MRI and histopathologic findings. METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 were recruited and charts, MRI, intraoperative findings, and pathologic findings were reviewed. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 12 years (median, 72.9 months). The surgical procedures were defined as gross total @entity512 . Postoperative radiotherapy was given in 3 @entity1 in whom removal had been subtotal. RESULTS: Gross total removal was achieved in 14 @entity1 , piecemeal gross total and subtotal removal in 3 @entity1 each. @entity16 after surgery was seen in 5 @entity1 , all of which were @entity5 consisting of piecemeal gross total removal in 2 @entity1 and subtotal removal in 3 @entity1 . Recovery of postoperative @entity1494 remained unchanged in 2 @entity1 . There were no @entity5 recurrence and progression of the remaining @entity5 . @entity5 were more frequently seen in heterogeneously enhanced @entity5 on MRI than in homogenously enhanced @entity5 with significant difference. CONCLUSION: In the @entity424 , @entity5 separation and manipulation of the surrounding neural tissue caused @entity16 . The heterogeneously enhanced @entity424 not only should be evaluated and treated meticulously, but also surgeons should not stick to total removal in infiltrated and adhering @entity5 as subtotally resected @entity5 with postoperative radiotherapy have not always recurred.

title: @entity424 : @entity16 in XXXX treated with surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma', 'myxopapillary ependymoma', 'unencapsulated ependymomas', 'myxopapillary ependymomas', 'Myxopapillary ependymomas']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'unencapsulated tumors', 'Unencapsulated tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic deterioration', 'neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity512 :: ('MESH:C567308', 'Disease') :: ['removal, piecemeal total removal, and subtotal removal']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sequential postural adjustments associated with the task of rising on @entity3455 were investigated in a reaction time paradigm in 30 normal subjects, 10 @entity1 with @entity191 and 2 @entity1 with @entity76 . The typical motor pattern observed in normal subjects consists of preparatory activity in tibialis anterior (TA, shifting the body forward) and @entity121 ( @entity121 , stabilizing the knee joint) followed by executional activity in @entity427 ( @entity427 ) resulting in the movement itself. Shortening of @entity427 without preparation would result in shifting the body backward and in flexion of the knee. The coordinated pattern of motor activities is obviously adapted to functional demands. Leaning forward or backward prior to the movement results in additional adaptive changes in the timing of preparatory versus executional EMG activity, and in the amount of preparatory muscle force. The basic pattern of preparatory (TA and @entity121 ) and executional ( @entity427 ) activity was preserved in most @entity1 with @entity191 . Reaction times were normal or only moderately delayed. Time intervals between postural preparation and execution were also normal. But trial to trial variation of reaction times was increased. In the two @entity1 with @entity76 , motor preparation in @entity121 was delayed beyond @entity427 onset. EMG activity was tonic and cocontraction of antagonistic muscles occurred. The basic pattern of motor preparation and execution was again preserved. It must therefore be generated outside the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. The temporal coordination of muscular activity within each and between the two components and scaling of muscle force are under cerebellar control.

title: Associated postural adjustments with body movement in normal subjects and @entity1 with parkinsonism and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar disorders', 'cerebellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['triceps surae', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['QUA', 'quadriceps femoris']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['cerebellar disease']


abstract: The predictive accuracy of thallium imaging for the diagnosis of @entity256 after angioplasty was evaluated in 121 @entity1 who had undergone a successful procedure. @entity1 were evaluated three times over a 1 year follow-up period for symptoms, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during exercise and the presence of reversible @entity63 on exercise thallium imaging. At initial evaluation (4 to 6 weeks after angioplasty), 104 @entity1 (86%) were asymptomatic. Of the 17 @entity1 with @entity662 symptoms, 9 had reversible @entity63 on thallium imaging and all had @entity256 . Of the 104 asymptomatic @entity1 , 26 (25%) had a positive thallium scan (reversible @entity63 ) and this sign identified a high risk group. Evidence of @entity256 was present by 6 months in 22 (85%) and by 1 year in 25 (96%) of these 26 @entity1 . The largest group of @entity1 manifested symptoms by the second evaluation (between 3 and 6 months after angioplasty). Of 28 @entity1 with symptoms and a positive thallium scan at this evaluation, 26 had @entity256 ; on initial evaluation, 22 of these 26 @entity1 had no symptoms but had had a positive thallium study. Ten of the 65 @entity1 in the asymptomatic group had a positive thallium scan, but the scans of this group were not as predictive for recurrent symptoms as were those of the same group at initial evaluation. The 74 @entity1 who had a negative @entity4214 scan at 3 to 6 months with or without associated symptoms had a low likelihood of developing @entity1109 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Stress thallium-201 imaging after coronary angioplasty predicts XXXX and recurrent symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis or symptoms']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effectiveness and adverse reactions of @entity3575 used by nasal infusion or intravenous injection in post-operative analgesia in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 , underwent selective lower abdomen surgery under intravenous anesthesia. At the end of operation, 36 @entity1 with the scores > 6 according to the @entity158 ( @entity158 ) were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A (n = 17) undergoing nasal administration of @entity3575 0.5 microg/kg, then intravenous injection of 1 ml 0.9% @entity2827 , Group B group (n = 19) undergoing nasal administration of 1 ml 0.9% @entity2827 and then intravenous injection of @entity3575 0.5 microg/kg. Five min later pain scoring was conducted. Those with the @entity158 score > or = 2 received the same protocol once, and then scoring was conducted every 1 min. Another 5 min later the same protocol was used to those still with the @entity158 score > or = 2 once again. Such a protocol was continued till the @entity158 score < or = 2. Sixty min after the first administration, the primary scheme was carried out once per hour until 24 h later. RESULTS: The time needed to achieve the @entity158 score < or = 2 of Group A was (16 +/- 5) min, not significantly different from that of Group B [(14 +/- 5) min, P > 0.05]. The amount of @entity3575 used in Group A was (21 +/- 5) microg, significantly higher than that of Group B [(15 +/- 7) microg, P < 0.05]. When the @entity158 score < or = 2 was achieved the dizziness rate of Group B was 31.58%, and the @entity390 / @entity391 rate of Group B was 21.05%, both significantly higher than those of Group A (11.76% and 31.58% respectively, both P < 0.05), however, there were significant differences in the adverse reaction rates since 12 h after the first administration. There were no significant differences in the @entity158 score 4 h after the first administration. CONCLUSION: There are not significant differences in the time needed to achieve the analgesic effect in the pediatric @entity1 who undergo lower abdomen surgery. Nasal administration of @entity3575 needs a higher dose with a higher comfort and lower adverse reaction rate.

title: [Effects of @entity3575 administrated nasally and intravenously in post-operative analgesia in pediatric XXXX : a comparative study of 36 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Objective Pain Scale', 'OPS']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrodynamic injection of naked plasmid DNA (pDNA) via the tail vein is a safe and effective method of gene transfer to the liver. However, successful gene transfer has yet to be shown for @entity157 ( @entity157 ); therefore, we investigated the feasibility and efficacy of hydrodynamic injection via the tail vein and hepatic artery in a @entity107 ( @entity108 )-induced @entity157 model in @entity35 . METHODS: @entity157 was induced in @entity35 by 100 ppm @entity108 in drinking water. pCMV-SPORT-beta-galactosidase (beta-gal, 400 microg) was injected (i) via the tail vein in a volume of 0.1 ml/g in 30 s or (ii) via the hepatic artery in a volume of 5 or 10 ml at 1 ml/s, either with or without temporary occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal vein (PV). The liver was harvested 24 h after administration, and beta-gal expression was evaluated with X-gal staining and measurement of enzymatic activity in tissue homogenates. RESULTS: Hydrodynamic injection via the tail vein achieved transgene expression only in non-cancerous tissue ( @entity5 : 0.16 +/- 0.04%, @entity5 : 5.07 +/- 1.66%). @entity99 was tolerated, but failed to produce efficient transgene expression in @entity5 and @entity5 cells. On the other hand, concomitant use of temporary IVC/PV occlusion with hydrodynamic injection via the hepatic artery dramatically increased transgene expression in @entity5 cells, but @entity5 -selective gene transfer was not achieved with this procedure ( @entity5 : 7.38 +/- 3.66%, @entity5 : 7.77 +/- 1.06%). CONCLUSIONS: High-volume hydrodynamic injection of a pDNA solution via the hepatic artery with IVC/PV occlusion achieved a high level of gene expression in a @entity157 @entity35 model. This gene transfer technique may have potential in clinical gene therapy for @entity157 .

title: High volume hydrodynamic injection of plasmid DNA via the hepatic artery results in a high level of gene expression in XXXX @entity157 induced by @entity107 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrodynamic injection via the hepatic artery']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal @entity130 involving the urinary tract represent 10% and, of these, 25% are for bladder @entity130 . @entity130 depends on the mechanism of action, whether blunt or penetrating. Symptoms include hypogastric @entity56 and inability to urinate. The most important sign is @entity811 . METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study and descriptive analysis of @entity1 with @entity1494 , excluding @entity130 . RESULTS: There were 46 cases of @entity1494 comprising 35 @entity1 (76%) and 11 @entity1 (24%). Mean age was 29 years. @entity130 was closed contusion (63%) and penetrating wound (37%). Diagnosis was established in 74% of cases by exploratory laparotomy and in 26% of cases by cystography. Treatment was in accordance with intra- or extraperitoneal status, and there were no reported complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity130 are often young and male, in relation to @entity1 with @entity16 . Closed @entity1661 is prevalent with penetration. Gross @entity811 is the most consistent symptom. Incidence of @entity1494 associated with pelvic @entity174 was low. Exploratory laparotomy was the primary diagnostic method, with cystography done in a limited number of @entity1 . There were no complications.

title: [ @entity1494 due to XXXX in @entity1 treated at the Central Hospital of the Mexican Red Cross].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injuries', 'iatrogenic injury', 'traumas', 'Mechanism of injury', 'trauma', 'Type of injury']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Developing interventions to prevent frailty in older adults is a priority as it increases the risk for disability, institutionalization, and @entity204 . Single chronic inflammatory diseases are known to increase the risk of frailty. Identification of comorbid inflammatory diseases that synergistically might heighten this risk would provide further insight into therapeutic approaches to prevent frailty. The study aims were to characterize whether there are specific @entity32 that are associated with frailty and to determine whether the risk of frailty is affected by synergistic interactions between these inflammatory diseases. METHODS: Data were from the @entity1 's Health and Aging Studies I and II and complementary cohorts of community-dwelling @entity1 aged 70-79 years from Baltimore, Maryland (n = 620). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between these diseases and frailty. RESULTS: Among the frail (11.3%), 15.2% had both @entity308 and @entity417 and 14.5% had @entity358 and @entity417 . The risk of frailty was synergistically increased in those with @entity308 and @entity417 (adjusted risk ratios = 11.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.10-34.76) and those with @entity358 and @entity417 (risk ratios = 5.57, 95% CI 2.14-14.48), compared with those without either disease in each pair. The attributable proportions of frail cases due to interaction between the diseases of each pair were 0.56 (95% CI 0.07-1.05) and 0.61 (95% CI 0.18-1.05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Synergistic interactions between specific inflammatory diseases may heighten the risk of frailty. These findings suggest that a common etiologic pathway may exist among co-occurring inflammatory diseases and that their improved comanagement may be an approach to reducing frailty.

title: Patterns of comorbid inflammatory diseases in frail older XXXX : the @entity1 's Health and Aging Studies I and II.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease pairs']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The development of the bone marrow of the thoracic vertebrae in seven @entity1 fetuses ranging from 95 to 150 mm in crown-rump length (CRL) was studied using light and electron microscopy. In the 95-mm CRL, @entity1184 of the chondrocytes occurred in the central region of the vertebrae, and blood vessels penetrated there from dorsal and ventral sides of the vertebral body. The primary marrow was represented by liberated cartilage lacunnae, occupied by the thin-walled blood vessels and a few mesenchymal cells and mononuclear cells containing granules or vacuoles (GMC). In the 99-mm CRL, chondroclasts were active in removing the cartilage near the central region of the vertebrae. Consequently, a large cavity was formed and occupied by a dilated sinus. GMC were numerous. Osteoblasts and osteocytes were increased in number. Reticular cells with long processes containing large amounts of glycogen began to appear in the extravascular space and formed the loosely arranged cellular meshwork of the @entity1583 compartment. Bundles of collagen fibrils were scattered in the meshwork. @entity1583 cells were recognizable only in the 105-mm-CRL fetus and increased in number in the 120-mm-CRL fetus. The sinus endothelium was very thin and continuous without apertures except where blood cells crossed the wall. The developing blood cells lying against the outside of the sinus endothelium indented it. At points, collagen fibrils attached to the outside of endothelial cells and appeared to function as the anchoring filaments of lymphatics. The physiologic implications of the association of stromal cells, vascular sinuses, and @entity1583 cells are discussed in relationship to the microhematopoietic environment of the bone marrow.

title: The development of vertebral bone marrow of XXXX fetuses.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['Hematopoietic', 'hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although a variety of in vitro and in vivo actions of @entity664 ( @entity664 ) on neuronal cells have been documented, the physiological role of this protein in the nervous system is still contested. Since the distribution of a molecule in the nervous system may provide cues for an understanding of its possible roles, we have begun to study its cellular localization in the central and peripheral nervous system using immunocytochemistry with an anti- @entity664 -specific antibody. Here we provide an account on the distribution of @entity664 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity664 -IR) in the brainstem of the developing and adult @entity35 . Basic FGF-IR was found to be widely distributed in motor and sensory nuclei. In all nuclei examined, only subpopulations of neurons were stained. Different staining patterns were found. For example, in the red nucleus weakly or unstained perikarya were surrounded by numerous immunoreactive fibers, often in close contact with the neuronal surface. In the @entity2103 , many neuronal cell bodies showed a strong IR that extended into the processes. Glial cells were consistently unstained. During early postnatal development changes of the distribution of @entity664 IR were found. From this wide distribution pattern of @entity664 -IR, we conclude that @entity664 may have more general and, possibly, diverse functions rather than a restricted role for a particular subset of neurons. Variations in the staining pattern of nerve cell bodies in a single nucleus may suggest a function related to neuronal activity.

title: Basic FGF-like immunoreactivity in the developing and adult XXXX brainstem.

entities_list: @entity664 :: ('54250(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['reticular formation and facial nerve']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether alvimopan for prevention of @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing small- or large-bowel resection by laparotomy is associated with lower total costs compared with standard care. DESIGN: Pharmacoeconomic analysis using a formal decision model. DATA SOURCE: Four phase III clinical trials, two pooled analyses, and one meta-analysis. @entity1 POPULATION: A cohort of @entity1 who underwent bowel resection with primary @entity254 by laparotomy and received either standardized, accelerated postoperative care (usual care) or usual care plus alvimopan. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical outcomes, obtained from pooled analyses of published studies, were time to discharge order written, postoperative nasogastric tube insertion, @entity86 -related readmission within 7  days, and occurrence of @entity390 and @entity391 . Cost inputs included drugs, nursing labor, readmissions, and hospitalizations. Costs were assessed by determining the net cost of alvimopan use and subsequent reduction in length of stay. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted. Costs for alvimopan were  570 based on an average of 9.5 doses. Given the 18.4-hour mean reduction in time to discharge order written, use of alvimopan reduced hospitalization costs by  2021. Mean difference in overall cost of care, as determined by Monte Carlo simulation, was  1168 (95% certainty interval - 437 to  5879), favoring the use of @entity29141 . In the sensitivity analysis, association of alvimopan with lower costs was robust to several changes in key parameters including cost and number of doses of alvimopan, time to discharge order written, readmission rates, and hospitalization cost. In the scenario analyses, alvimopan use yielded a net cost of  226 when no difference in time to discharge order written was assumed. In the scenario analysis using data from a study that did not enforce opioid use, alvimopan resulted in a cost saving of  65/ @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Alvimopan was cost saving for prevention of @entity86 in @entity1 undergoing bowel resection by laparotomy, although these potential cost savings were highly dependent on a difference in time to discharge order written. This finding is not applicable to the less-invasive laparoscopic surgical approach for which quality data on alvimopan use are lacking. Limitations of this analysis included use of time to discharge order written as a proxy for length of stay and difficulty interpreting study results due to inconsistent reporting and conduct of the clinical trials evaluating alvimopan. More research is needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of alvimopan.

title: Economic analysis of alvimopan for prevention and management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity29141 :: ('MESH:C419502', 'Chemical') :: ['alvimopan']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative ileus']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with active @entity2012 , six with a poor response to previous therapies and four newly diagnosed, were treated with the long-acting @entity1943 analog @entity2390 ( @entity2390 ; 200-500 micrograms/day, sc, twice or three times daily) for 6-15 months. There was rapid clinical improvement in all @entity1 . The mean daily serum GH concentration was reduced by 64% and was normalized (all GH values less than 2 micrograms/L) in three patients. Serum @entity442 ( @entity442 ) concentrations were lowered by 40% and were normalized in eight patients. Serum concentrations of the @entity1472 -terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), an index of tissue collagen metabolism, were reduced by 40% and were normalized in all @entity1 with initially elevated values. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the mean serum GH and @entity442 levels (r = 0.47; P less than 0.001) as well as between serum GH and PIIINP levels (r = 0.34; P less than 0.05) and between serum @entity442 and PIIINP (r = 0.50; P less than 0.001). The effects of @entity2390 on @entity977 size and pathology were evaluated in one @entity1 . The therapy did not seem to be associated with significant changes in sellar computed tomographic scans or light microscopic findings. The drug was generally well tolerated. However, indications of significant @entity253 were noted in one @entity1 after 5 months of therapy. This was reversible upon discontinuation of therapy and did not occur later during the rechallenge with a lower dose of the drug. However, there was probably newly formed @entity2963 in four @entity1 during the therapy. Our study suggests that @entity2390 is an effective and relatively safe new approach for treating active @entity2012 . Further studies are needed to investigate long term effects on the hepatobiliary system.

title: Effective clinical response to long term @entity2390 treatment, with reduced serum concentrations of growth hormone, XXXX , and the @entity1472 -terminal propeptide of type III procollagen in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['hepato-biliary dysfunction']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['insulin-like growth factor-I']


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical and dosimetric predictors for radiation-associated @entity3330 in @entity1 with @entity242 (STS). METHODS AND MATERIALS: We examined 131 @entity1 with proximal lower extremity STS who received limb-sparing surgery and external-beam radiation therapy between 1985 and 2006. Five (4%) @entity1 sustained pathologic @entity3330 . Dosimetric analysis was limited to 4 @entity174 @entity1 with full three-dimensional dose information, who were compared with 59 @entity6092 @entity1 . The mean doses and volumes of bone (V(d)) receiving specified doses (>= 30 Gy, 45 Gy, 60 Gy) at the femoral body, femoral neck, intertrochanteric region, and subtrochanteric region were compared. Clinical predictive factors were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of 4 @entity174 @entity1 in our dosimetric series, there were three @entity2249 with a mean dose of 57.6    8.9 Gy, V30 of 14.5    2.3 cc, V45 of 11.8    1.1 cc, and V60 of 7.2    2.2 cc at the femoral neck compared with 22.9    20.8 Gy, 4.8    5.6 cc, 2.5    3.9 cc, and 0.8    2.7 cc, respectively, for @entity6092 @entity1 (p < 0.03 for all). The @entity2249 rate was higher than at the subtrochanteric region despite lower mean doses at these subregions. All @entity174 sites received mean doses greater than 40 Gy. Also, with our policy of prophylactic femoral intramedullary nailing for high-risk @entity1 , there was no significant difference in @entity174 rates between @entity1 with and without periosteal excision. There were no significant differences in age, sex, @entity5 size, timing of radiation therapy, and use of chemotherapy between @entity174 and @entity6092 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These dose-volume @entity137 relationships provide RT optimization goals to guide future efforts for reducing pathologic @entity174 rates. Prophylactic femoral intramedullary nailing may also reduce @entity174 risk for susceptible @entity1 .

title: Dose--effect relationships for @entity3330 after multimodality limb-sparing therapy of soft-tissue XXXX of the proximal lower extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['proximal lower extremity soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['nonfracture']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) is influenced by genetic and micro-environmental changes. Malignant plasma cells produce an abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytokines, such as @entity688 and @entity650 which stimulate cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) and cause dysfunction and failure of many organs. @entity8410 ( @entity8410 ), @entity650 and @entity688 are known to influence the growth and survival of malignant clones. AIM: The objectives of the present study were to investigate the circulating levels of @entity8410 , @entity688 and @entity650 , correlate them with well-known parameters of disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1582 , and to detect their impact on @entity1 ' survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 89 newly diagnosed @entity1582 @entity1 and seventy apparently healthy volunteers as a normal control group. @entity8410 , @entity650 , @entity688 were measured by ELISA for both groups and survival analysis was performed for all @entity1 . RESULTS: Studied markers were higher in the @entity1582 @entity1 compared to the normal control subjects. @entity1 survival was improved by high serum @entity8410 levels. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity8410 were found to improve @entity1 ' survival. @entity8410 and @entity650 can be considered probable diagnostic markers for @entity1582 .

title: Significance of Proliferation Markers and Prognostic Factors in Egyptian @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8410 :: ('10673', 'Gene') :: ['B cell activating factor', 'BAFF']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple myeloma', 'MM']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple Myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This article describes three individuals with @entity2026 and concomitant @entity73 who used state-of-theart computer software for training conversational scripts. METHOD: @entity1 were assessed before and after 9 weeks of a computer script training program. For each @entity1 , three individualized scripts were developed, recorded on the software, and practiced sequentially at home. Weekly meetings with the speech-language pathologist occurred to monitor practice and assess progress. Baseline and posttreatment scripts were audiotaped, transcribed, and compared to the target scripts for content, grammatical productivity, and rate of production of script-related words. Interviews were conducted at the conclusion of treatment. RESULTS: There was great variability in improvements across scripts, with two @entity1 improving on two of their three scripts in measures of content, grammatical productivity, and rate of production of scriptrelated words. One @entity1 gained more than 5 points on the @entity2026 Quotient of the Western @entity2026 Battery. Five positive themes were consistently identified from exit interviews: increased verbal communication, improvements in other modalities and situations, communication changes noticed by others, increased confidence, and satisfaction with the software. CONCLUSION: Computer-based script training potentially may be an effective intervention for @entity1 with chronic @entity2026 and concomitant @entity73 .

title: Novel technology for treating individuals with @entity2026 and concomitant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['aphasia', 'Aphasia']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive deficits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2835 ( @entity2835 ) with features consistent with @entity775 ( @entity775 ) has been described as an overlap syndrome. Recently, a simplified @entity775 scoring system has been proposed by the International @entity775 Group (IAIHG), which is based on only four clinical components. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the new simplified @entity775 scoring system as a diagnostic instrument for @entity1575 compared with the revised 1999 IAIHG criteria. Furthermore, we sought to compare the outcome in @entity2835 @entity1 with and without the features of @entity775 overlap. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity2835 @entity1 was carried out. Parameters relevant to the revised criteria were recorded, and outcomes were compared between those with and without features of overlap. RESULTS: Of 368 @entity1 (318 females) with a definite diagnosis of @entity2835 , 43 (12%) were diagnosed as probable @entity2835 - @entity775 overlap with the revised criteria and 23 (6%) with the simplified criteria. In both scoring systems the frequency of @entity82 , portal @entity101 , @entity360 , @entity843 , and esophageal varices was significantly higher in the overlap group at the time of follow-up. @entity1 with features of overlap according to the new criteria had more frequent liver-related death and liver transplantation (P=0.0025, log rank test). CONCLUSIONS: The simplified @entity775 scoring system appears to be more specific in @entity1 with @entity2835 and could assist in clinical assessment. Worse outcome was observed in @entity1 with overlap features, demonstrated as increased liver-related mortality with the new criteria. The new criteria should be able to replace the revised criteria for the diagnosis of @entity1575 .

title: XXXX : a simplified scoring system may assist in the diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['Primary biliary cirrhosis', 'PBC']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['PBC-AIH overlap syndrome']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['AIH', 'autoimmune hepatitis', 'Autoimmune Hepatitis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune hepatitis-PBC overlap syndrome']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity6 has a major negative effect on intensive care unit outcome. This has been partly attributed to @entity1576 . However, data on respiratory neuromuscular involvement in @entity6 are lacking. This study therefore aimed to assess respiratory neuromuscular function related to @entity3949 in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Respiratory neuromuscular function was assessed by the use of volitional tests and @entity910 (TwPmo) and twitch transdiaphragmatic (TwPdi) pressures during non-volitional bilateral anterior magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation in 21 male @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 without @entity358 and in 23 healthy, well-matched controls (forced expiratory volume in 1 s 103 +/- 11 vs 103 +/- 12% predicted; p = 0.9). RESULTS: Both volitionally assessed maximal inspiratory and @entity551 , and sniff nasal and transdiaphragmatic pressures were comparable between @entity6 @entity1 and controls (p > 0.1 for all). TwPmo was reduced in @entity6 @entity1 compared with controls (1.3 +/- 0.5 vs 1.0 +/- 0.4 kPa; p = 0.04), while TwPdi was comparable (1.7 +/- 0.5 vs 1.6 +/- 0.7 kPa; p = 0.6). Following subgroup analysis, @entity1 with no or mild @entity305 (n = 10) as assessed by @entity16 scoring had normal respiratory neuromuscular function, whereas @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity305 (n = 11) presented with markedly @entity1576 as indicated by TwPmo (1.3 +/- 0.4 vs 0.8 +/- 0.3 kPa; p = 0.01) and TwPdi (1.9 +/- 0.6 vs 1.1 +/- 0.4 kPa; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: With regard to volitional tests, @entity6 does not affect respiratory neuromuscular function. In contrast, the application of non-volitional phrenic nerve stimulation provides strong evidence that @entity3949 , as simply assessed by @entity16 scoring, is associated with substantially @entity1576 in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: XXXX is associated with respiratory muscle impairment in type 2 diabetes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disability']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['twitch mouth']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['impaired respiratory neuromuscular function']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['expiratory mouth pressures']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['Diabetic polyneuropathy']


abstract: Experiments were undertaken to verify a method for complete @entity535 analysis of plant and animal tissues and waste products from a single hydrolysis and high-performance liquid chromatographic run. Using @entity31549 , hydrolysis of @entity4674 at 115 degrees C for 22 h yielded recoveries equal to or higher than hydrolysis at 115 degrees C for 70 h or at 150 degrees C for 22 h. Triple evacuation of the hydrolysis tube alternated with @entity1568 flush gave recovery improvements over single evacuation. Refrigerated storage of samples under vacuum for up to 4 days between hydrolysis and further analysis was not different from immediate analysis. However, recoveries of several @entity1522 were reduced by refrigerated storage in air. Recoveries of individual @entity1522 were determined by hydrolysis of biological samples with and without added @entity4674 . Although recoveries from biological samples were lower for several @entity1522 , precision was sufficient to allow quantitation after correction for incomplete recoveries. Derivatization with @entity33517 ( @entity33609 ) was chosen because derivatives are formed with both primary and secondary @entity1522 , derivatives are quite stable, and detection may be either UV absorbance or fluorescence. Derivative yield is sensitive to the pH of the reaction mixture. A pH of 8.0 gave reproducible derivative yield for all physiological @entity1522 . Solvent extraction of excess FMOC, when compared to addition of @entity7776 to react with excess FMOC, gave both higher recoveries and greater precision. Following derivatization, samples could be kept at 4 degrees C for at least 24 h before high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis without loss of response. Derivative yield and detector response were constant across a wide range of molar ratio of FMOC to total @entity1522 . Gradient elution was required to separate FMOC derivatives on a reversed-phase column. The capability of the pumping system to produce exponential gradients permitted rapid and easy fine-tuning of the gradient.

title: @entity535 analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with @entity31549 hydrolysis and XXXX derivatization.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity33517 :: ('MESH:C054007', 'Chemical') :: ['9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity31549 :: ('MESH:C045880', 'Chemical') :: ['methanesulfonic acid']

answer: @entity33517 :: (MESH:C054007,Chemical) :: ['9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate']


abstract: We test to see if severe stressful life events precede onset of specific symptoms of @entity161 . Our analyses extend to possible variations in the effect by @entity159 ( @entity159 ) of origin. The medical records of 431 @entity161 @entity1 were categorized into negative and positive subtypes by application of @entity12269 , SAPS and PANSS scales. @entity159 was bifurcated into low- @entity159 and high- @entity159 groups. Stressful life events were classified into four domains. The study variables were tested by the use of chi-square analysis. Our results show that there is an elevated rate of positive symptoms among low- @entity159 @entity1 who underwent a stressful life event before symptom onset. Significance is confirmed with an   (2) value of 5.418, p=.020. The finding does not hold true for high- @entity159 @entity1 and is not related to type of stressful life event. Thus, we conclude that environmental stressors frequently precede onset of positive symptoms of @entity161 . This is only true for @entity1 of low @entity159 of origin. We hypothesize that low- @entity159 @entity1 have a heightened reactivity to stressors, a reactivity that is incubated by the @entity1 toll of impoverishment.

title: Stressful Life Events, Social Class and Symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['Schizophrenia']


abstract: Gene expression changes in the corpus cavernosum of @entity753 @entity35 were not fully assessed, which were not previously known to be associated with @entity1007 -related @entity323 ( @entity323 ). To provide molecular insight into pathophysiology of @entity1007 -related @entity323 and to investigate the effects of @entity28281 , a @entity32040 ( @entity32040 ) inhibitor, on gene expression, we performed microarray gene expression analysis via gene discovery methods using GenoCheck platinum cDNA chip (Ansan, S. Korea). Sixteen male @entity35 were fed 2% @entity165 diet for 5 months. Half of them were orally treated with @entity28281 (20 mg/kg/day) simultaneously. Eight age-matched @entity35 fed normal diet were served as normal control. RNA was extracted from corpus cavernosum and microarray analysis was performed. @entity323 were observed in @entity753 control group. In microarray analysis, 122 candidate genes were noted to be altered based on the magnitude of expression changes, which includes 44 down-regulated and 78 up-regulated genes compared with the age-matched normal controls. These changes were, however, significantly attenuated by treatment with @entity28281 . Out of the 78 up-regulated genes, 8 genes were significantly decreased by the chronic treatment with @entity28281 . The altered genes were cytochrome oxidase biogenesis protein OXA1, skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, @entity32041 , fast skeletal muscle isoforms beta/alpha, myosin light chain 3, cytochrome c oxidase, adipocyte @entity844 binding protein and one EST gene. In contrast, among the 44 down-regulated genes, @entity24543 and @entity12003 genes were increased after the @entity28281 treatment. These results provide the molecular basis for understanding the pathogenesis of @entity1007 -related @entity323 and offer clues on determining the underlying action mechanism of a @entity32040 inhibitor.

title: Microarray analysis of gene expression profile in the corpus cavernosum of XXXX @entity35 after chronic treatment with @entity32040 inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Decreased erectile responses and hypercholesterolemia', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']


abstract: The @entity1961 (+) T lymphocyte has recently been found to promote @entity2652 ( @entity2652 ) survival after @entity128 . Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)4 and @entity9094 are key proteins involved in the @entity1961 (+) T cell differentiation pathways leading to T helper type (Th)1 and @entity61 cell development, respectively. To determine which @entity1961 (+) T cell subset mediates @entity2652 survival, the @entity2103 was applied to @entity17843 -deficient (-/-) and @entity9094 -/- @entity19 . A significant decrease in @entity2652 survival 4 weeks after axotomy was observed in @entity9094 -/- @entity19 compared to @entity164 ( @entity164 ) or @entity17843 -/- @entity19 . Reconstituting @entity9094 -/- @entity19 with @entity1961 (+) T cells obtained from @entity164 @entity19 promoted @entity164 levels of @entity2652 survival after injury. Furthermore, rescue of @entity2652 from axotomy-induced cell death in recombination activating gene (RAG)-2-/- @entity19 (lacking T and B cells) could be achieved only by reconstitution with @entity1961 (+) T cells expressing functional @entity9094 protein. To determine if either the @entity630 cytokine, @entity60 ( @entity60 ) or the @entity61 cytokine @entity58 is involved in mediating @entity2652 survival, facial nerve axotomy was applied to @entity60 -/- and @entity58 -/- @entity19 . A significant decrease in @entity2652 survival after axotomy occurred in @entity58 -/- but not in @entity60 -/- @entity19 compared to @entity164 @entity19 , indicating that @entity58 but not @entity60 is important for @entity2652 survival after @entity128 . In @entity164 @entity19 , intracellular @entity60 vs. @entity58 expression was examined in @entity1961 (+) T cells from draining cervical lymph nodes 14 days after axotomy, and substantial increase in the production of both @entity1961 (+) effector T cell subsets was found. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity9094 -mediated @entity1961 (+) T cell differentiation into the @entity61 subset is necessary for @entity2652 survival. A hypothesis relevant to motoneuron disease progression is presented.

title: Immune-mediated neuroprotection of axotomized @entity19 facial motoneurons is dependent on the @entity58 / XXXX signaling pathway in @entity1961 (+) T cells.

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['FMN', 'facial motoneuron']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve axotomy paradigm']

answer: @entity9094 :: (20852(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['STAT6']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for @entity1188 sizing has been validated in large animals, but studies and follow-up are restricted. We sought to (1) validate CMR for assessment of myocardial area at risk (MAR) and @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) in a @entity95 model of reperfused @entity583 ( @entity583 ); (2) analyse the relation between ischaemic substrates and subsequent left ventricular (LV) remodelling. METHODS: Experimental reperfused acute @entity583 was induced in 16 @entity95 . Ten animals underwent cross-registered cine and contrast-enhanced CMR and histopathology at day 3 for assessment of MAR and @entity1188 (group 1). The remaining six @entity95 underwent serial CMR for the study of @entity5707 (group 2). RESULTS: In group 1, mean @entity1188 was 12.7 +/- 6.4% and 12.7 +/- 6.9% of total LV myocardial mass on CMR (late-enhancement technique) and histopathology (P = 0.52; r = 0.93). No significant difference occurred between CMR and histopathology for the calculation of MAR and @entity1188 /MAR ratio (P = 0.18 and P = 0.17), whereas correlations were strong (r = 0.92 and r = 0.95). In group 2, mean LV end-diastolic, end-systolic volumes and LV mass were significantly increased at 3 weeks compared with measurements at day 3 (P < 0.01). Significant correlations between initial @entity1188 and the increase in LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.66) and the increase in LV mass (r = 0.48) were observed, as well as correlations between initial MAR and the increase in LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.70) and the increase in LV mass (r = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive CMR provides accurate assessment of @entity1188 and MAR in reperfused @entity95 @entity583 . @entity1188 size is closely related to @entity5707 . Through the @entity1188 /MAR ratio, this approach has great potential for assessing interventions aimed at cardioprotection.

title: Relation of the ischaemic substrate to left ventricular remodelling by cardiac magnetic resonance at 1.5 T in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct size', 'IS', 'Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LV remodelling']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Antimicrobial usage in food animals increases the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance among their enteric bacteria. It has been suggested that this resistance can in turn be transferred to @entity1 working with such animals, e.g., abattoir workers. Antimicrobial drug resistance was investigated for @entity526 from broilers raised on feed supplemented with antimicrobials, and the @entity1 who carry out evisceration, washing and packing of intestines in a high-throughput poultry abattoir in Gauteng, South Africa. Broiler carcasses were sampled from 6 farms, on each of which broilers are produced in a separate 'grow-out cycle'. Per farm, 100 caeca were randomly collected 5 minutes after slaughter and the contents of each were selectively cultured for @entity526 . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate was determined for the following antimicrobials: @entity3403 , @entity206 , @entity207 , @entity869 , @entity14116 , @entity8912 , @entity2756 and @entity802 . The same was determined for the faeces of 29 abattoir workers and 28 @entity1 used as controls. The majority of isolates from broilers were resistant, especially to antimicrobials that were used on the farms in the study. Overall median MICs and the number of resistant isolates from abattoir workers (packers plus eviscerators) tended to be higher than for the control group. However, no statistically significant differences were observed when the median MICs of antimicrobials used regularly in poultry and percentage resistance were compared, nor could an association between resistance among the enteric @entity526 from packers and those from broilers be demonstrated.

title: Antimicrobial drug resistance of XXXX isolated from poultry abattoir workers at risk and broilers on antimicrobials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity14116 :: ('MESH:C052904', 'Chemical') :: ['enrofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity8912 :: ('MESH:D005578', 'Chemical') :: ['fosfomycin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, controlled, randomized, multicenter study. OBJECTIVE: To analyze implant complications and speed. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Rigid plate designs, in which the screws are locked to the plate, are in common use and thought to provide more fixation than dynamic designs, in which the screws may glide when the graft is settling. The aim of the study is to analyze (1) implant complications, (2) speed of fusion, (3) loss of @entity1515 , and (4) clinical outcome in both types of plates. METHODS: One hundred thirty-two @entity1 were included and assigned by randomization to one of the groups in which they received a routine anterior cervical discectomy and autograft fusion with either a dynamic plate (ABC, study group) or a rigid plate (CSLP, control group). At discharge, after 3 and 6 months and finally after 2 years, implant complications, segmental mobility, absence of radiolucencies, absence of @entity79 , evidence of bridging trabecular bone, loss of @entity1515 , Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Score were recorded. All radiographic measurements were performed by an independent radiologist. RESULTS: There have been 4 @entity1 with implant complications within the control group and no implant complications within the study group, P = 0.045. Mean segmental mobility before discharge for the study group was 1.7 mm, 1.4 mm after 3 months, 0.8 mm after 6 months, and 0.4 mm after 2 years. For the control group, these values were 1.0, 1.8, 1.6, and 0.5 mm. The difference at 6 months between both groups was significant (P = 0.024). Neither absence of radiolucencies, nor absence of @entity1463 , nor evidence of bridging bone showed significant differences between the 2 groups through the postoperative follow-up (P > 0.05). The loss of segmental @entity1515 for the study group with respect to intraoperative radiograph was 1.3 degrees at discharge and 4.3 degrees after 2 years. For the control group, these values were 0.9 degrees , 0.7 degrees . The difference at 2 years was significant (P = 0.003). Clinical postoperative outcome (VAS and ODI) was not different between the 2 groups through the postoperative follow-up (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dynamic cervical plate designs provide @entity532 (no @entity1 ) compared with rigid plate designs (4 @entity1 ). Speed of fusion was faster in the presence of a dynamic plate. However, loss of segmental @entity1515 is significantly higher if dynamic plates are used, which did not result in differences regarding clinical outcome between dynamic and constrained plates after 2 years. Thus, dynamic plates should be considered to be the preferred treatment option because of the lower risk for implant failure-related revision surgery.

title: XXXX , fusion, loss of @entity1515 , and outcome after anterior cervical plating with dynamic or rigid plates: two-year results of a multi-centric, randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['less implant complications']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Implant complications']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pharmacologic modulation of the perioperative physiologic stress response, using the beta-blocker @entity1169 , combined with the @entity4665 inhibitor etodolac, has been shown to reduce metastatic spread and increase survival rates following surgery for primary @entity5 excision in rodents. Prior to implantation of this pharmacological approach in clinical trials in @entity1 with @entity694 , the safety of this technique has to be evaluated. This study assessed the effects of these drugs on the healing of colonic @entity254 in @entity35 . METHODS: Forty-eight F344 @entity35 were divided into two groups, which were given seven daily subcutaneous injections of either vehicle, or @entity1169 (up to 1.2 mg/kg/day) combined with etodolac (12.5 mg/kg/day), starting the day before surgery. Each animal underwent laparotomy, colotomy of the descending colon, and @entity254 . @entity834 rate and bursting pressure were compared at 1 week after the operation. The harvested @entity254 was histologically assessed for wound healing parameters. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity35 survived the operation and were eligible for analysis at 1 week. No significant difference in survival, anastomotic leakage, or bursting pressure was found between animals that received @entity1169 and etodolac versus those receiving vehicle (drugs 179 mmHg        45.4; vehicle 187 mmHg, SD        35.0, p   =   0.54). Histologic assessment of @entity82 , @entity39 , cell infiltration, and tissue reaction zone did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative administration of @entity1169 and etodolac seems safe in colon operations in @entity35 and does not affect anastomotic failure or colon healing.

title: Effect of beta blocker combined with XXXX inhibitor on colonic @entity254 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity4665 :: (26198(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Couple @entity250 is a common, but not often studied, problem. AIM: We have previously reported that disturbance in the relational domain, as measured by SIEDY Scale 2 (exploring, as reported by the @entity1 , menopausal symptoms, partner's medical illness interfering with sexual activity, and reduced partner desire and climax), is associated with different @entity250 , such as @entity458 , @entity323 ( @entity323 ), @entity2754 , and @entity132 . As all of these symptoms could be associated with @entity6126 , we have investigated the possible relationship between @entity342 levels and an unhappy couple relationship. METHODS: A consecutive series of 2,302 (mean age 53.2 +/- 12.5 years) male @entity1 with @entity323 was studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Several hormonal parameters were investigated, along with penile Doppler ultrasound (PDU) and the Structured Interview on @entity323 (SIEDY) and ANDROTEST. Higher ANDROTEST score identifies a higher prevalence of @entity6126 -related symptoms and signs. RESULTS: SIEDY Scale 2 score was associated with decreased intercourse frequency, severe @entity323 , lower dynamic peak systolic velocity at PDU, and clinical (ANDROTEST score) and biochemical (low total and free @entity251 ) @entity6126 , even after adjusting for cofounders, such as @entity1 's and partner's age, waist circumference, and smoking habit. Alternative models were explored using these different factors as dependent variables in order to evaluate the specific relationship among the parameters studied. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that low penile blood flow and decreased intercourse frequency are bi-directionally coupled to poor relational domain, while the association with @entity6126 was mediated through @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that, in subjects consulting for @entity250 , a deterioration of the couple's relationship is associated with impairment in sexual activities, which, in turn, can lead to a mild @entity6126 . Any speculation on pathogenetic relationships should be confirmed through prospective studies or intervention trials.

title: Impairment of couple relationship in male @entity1 with XXXX is associated with overt @entity6126 .

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile Dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disturbances']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire', 'sexual hypoactivity or inertia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['delayed ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: @entity3620 is a rare @entity5 with a median survival, ranging from 4 to 18 months in untreated @entity1 . In a phase II study of @entity1 with @entity2615 , the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1260 and mesna was evaluated. Twenty-nine previously untreated @entity1 , with histologically proven and unresectable @entity2615 , entered the study. Three @entity1 were later excluded from the study due to revision of the diagnoses. The @entity1 had to have bidimensionally measurable disease by CT scans and a WHO performance status < or = 3. Eligible @entity1 received @entity1260 3000 mg/m2 per day for 3 days as a 1-h infusion and mesna 1800 mg/m2 per day for 3 days every third week. Dose modifications were made according to the degree of hematologic, neurologic and @entity8 . Response to treatment was evaluated in accordance with WHO criteria. The median age of @entity1 was 59 years (range 39-68), 18 @entity1 (69%) had a history of asbestos exposure and the median of treatment cycles was four (range 1-10). No complete responses were observed. One @entity1 obtained a partial response after five cycles with a duration of response of 25 months. Nine @entity1 (35%) had stable disease, while 13 (54%) progressed. The median survival for all @entity1 was 10 months. The @entity137 of the treatment was considerable. Thirteen @entity1 (50%) had grade 4 @entity1210 , ten @entity1 (38%) had grade 3 or 4 reversible @entity2359 and ten @entity1 (38%) had grade 3 or 4 @entity390 and @entity391 . Eleven @entity1 (42%) went off the study due to the @entity137 of the treatment. In conclusion, @entity1260 did not show any substantial activity of relevance in @entity3620 at the dose level investigated, in spite of considerable @entity137 .

title: XXXX in @entity3620 : a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant mesothelioma', 'malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the current therapeutic options for @entity1 with the @entity2590 . DATA IDENTIFICATION: Studies reported between 1968 and September 1989 were identified through computer searches using MEDLINE and through extensive searching of bibliographies of identified articles. STUDY SELECTION: All articles, abstracts, and reviews were evaluated, and those that contained therapeutic data were analyzed for response rates, survival, and @entity137 . RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: Therapies for the @entity2590 have included hormones, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and differentiating agents, including hematopoietic growth factors. With the exception of bone marrow transplantation, none is curative or increases survival. Hematopoietic growth factors are of interest for clinical trials, because they increase the number of neutrophils and, occasionally, the number of platelets in @entity1 with the @entity2590 . Nonetheless, hematopoietic growth factors are not without @entity137 ; most notably, they are associated with a risk for acceleration to @entity3052 , and their effect on survival remains unknown. CONCLUSIONS: Standard therapy for the @entity2590 is supportive care. When the disease progresses, @entity1 with aggressive histologic or other poor-risk features should be considered for aggressive chemotherapy, with or without growth factors, or bone marrow transplantation. @entity1 with good prognostic features are candidates for therapy with growth factors or other potential differentiating agents. Carefully designed and conducted clinical trials that incorporate correlative laboratory science are essential to developing a more rational approach to therapy.

title: The XXXX : current approaches to therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: The registry is a prospective, European, multicentric, longitudinal study, which follows a cohort of @entity1 born to mothers with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). It was started in 2003. In this report, we update the results obtained from the study of 110 mothers and 112 @entity1 (two twin births). Eighty per cent of the mothers (n = 86) had primary @entity1701 . Purely obstetrical, @entity715 represent 65.5 %, 21.8 % and 12.7 % of the whole cohort respectively. Isolated antiphospholipid antibodies and isolated anticardiolipin antibodies positivity were present in 50 of 109 (46%) and in 34 of 109 (31%) of the pregnant @entity1 , respectively. In the babies, in spite of a high rate of prematurity (14.3%) with four (3.6%) of the premature babies born before 33 weeks of gestation and an increased number of newborns small for gestational age (17%), the large majority of the neonates were healthy. Thirty-one @entity1 are now older than 24 months. Among them, three displayed @entity854 before 3 years of age. After completing data, there will be the possibility to evaluate the newborn status in relation to the mothers' diseases, treatments and antibodies and to follow the neuropsychological development and immunological evolution of the babies during the next 5 years.

title: European registry of babies born to mothers with XXXX : a result update.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic and mixed (obstetrical and thrombotic) APS']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['behavioural abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Urban air pollution is a crucial environmental problem in industrialized and developing countries. Although epidemiologic studies have associated exposure to urban aerosols with exacerbations of allergic @entity1030 , the underlying mechanism of @entity137 is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the effect of urban aerosols from China, on the induction of @entity56 in vivo and on the function of dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. @entity19 were intranasally given urban aerosol plus ovalbumin (OVA), and the levels of OVA-specific antibodies in the plasma were determined. Urban aerosol induced higher OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgE responses than OVA alone. Furthermore, urban aerosol plus OVA induced high levels of @entity112 production, indicating that exposure to the aerosol could cause @entity56 . Next, we examined the effect of urban aerosol on DCs. The aerosol enhanced cell-surface expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as @entity8271 and @entity11787 and the production of @entity635 and @entity777 on DCs. In addition, allogeneic T-cell-stimulation assay showed that the urban aerosol could activate T cells through maturation of DCs. These results indicate that urban aerosols can induce allergic @entity1030 through activation of DCs.

title: Potential adjuvant effect of intranasal urban aerosols in XXXX through induction of dendritic cell maturation.

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'serious allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of @entity6621 contains 8 to 10 virus-encoded polypeptides. We have mapped the gene encoding an 18-kilodalton RNA polymerase subunit to D7R, the seventh open reading frame of the HindIII D genomic subfragment. Localization of this gene was achieved by using antibody to the purified RNA polymerase for immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products of in vivo-synthesized early mRNA selected by hybridization to cloned DNA fragments. The identification was confirmed by translation of D7R transcripts made in vitro with @entity7683 RNA polymerase. The phenotypes of two previously isolated conditionally lethal temperature-sensitive mutants that map to D7R (J. Seto, L. M. Celenza, R. C. Condit, and E. G. Niles, Virology 160:110-119, 1987) are consistent with an essential role of this subunit in late transcription. This polymerase gene, designated rpo18, predicts a polypeptide of 161 @entity1522 with a molecular mass of 17,892. The rpo18 gene is transcribed early in @entity281 , even though the 5'-TAAATG-3' motif, which is conserved among many genes of the late class, is present near the RNA start site. Characterization of the 5' end of the early transcript by several different methods, including cDNA cloning, revealed a poly(A) leader with up to 14 @entity1920 residues, whereas only 3 are present in the corresponding location of the DNA template. Similar but somewhat longer poly(A) leaders have previously been observed in mRNAs of late genes. We noted a TAAATG motif near the initiation site of several other early genes, including the viral DNA polymerase, and carried out additional experiments to demonstrate that their early transcripts also have 5' poly(A) leaders. Thus, formation of the poly(A) leader is not exclusively a late function but apparently depends on sequences around the transcription initiation site.

title: Identification of the XXXX gene encoding an 18-kilodalton subunit of RNA polymerase and demonstration of a 5' poly(A) leader on its early transcript.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7683 :: ('10760', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage T7']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity6621 :: (10245,Species) :: ['vaccinia virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most @entity1 with @entity0 experience a progressive @entity1017 during and after treatment. @entity28 is associated with an increased risk of recurrence, @entity0 , and @entity204 . Physical activity after @entity5 diagnosis has been reported to have positive effects on body composition and quality of life. We present the protocol of the InForma study, a trial testing the efficacy of an intervention on @entity353 (>= 5 % of the baseline body weight) in a group of overweight or @entity0 survivors. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a four-arm randomized controlled trial. @entity1 will receive a 6-month intervention and be followed for a further 18 months. Intervention is designed to improve adherence to a healthy diet and/or to increase physical activity, taking advantage of a wrist-based activity monitor. @entity1 will be recruited among overweight or @entity0 @entity1 treated at the European Institute of Oncology, after completion of eventual adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. It is envisaged that 260 @entity1 will be randomized into four arms: Dietary Intervention; Physical Activity Intervention; Physical Activity and Dietary Intervention; and Less Intensive Intervention. @entity1 will be offered individualized counseling consisting of face-to face discussion and phone calls in addition to group meetings. A motivational interviewing approach will be used to encourage health behavior change. All @entity1 will be given a pedometer device to monitor their physical activity. @entity1 ' dietary intake will be repeatedly assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. @entity1 ' quality of life and @entity148 will be assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast and the State-Trait @entity148 Inventory questionnaires. Blood samples will be collected at baseline and follow-up visits to assess lipid and hormone profiles. Body composition will be repeatedly assessed using bioelectrical impedance vector analysis for identifying changes of fat and fat-free mass. @entity1 allocated to the less intensive intervention arm will be considered as the control group. DISCUSSION: While there is a rising concern about the role of @entity28 in @entity5 recurrence and survival, this trial with its multi-arm design, motivational approach and use of a pedometer device will provide important insights regarding the most effective approach in promoting weight control in @entity0 survivors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN53325751 (registration date: 16 October 2015); ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02622711 (registration date: 2 December 2015).

title: Promoting @entity353 through diet and exercise in overweight or XXXX survivors (InForma): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['contralateral breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'obese breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['obese breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of surgical treatment and postoperative radiotherapy and prognostic factors in @entity1 with primary @entity5772 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 60 @entity1 (31 males, 29 females; median age 54 years; range 22 to 82 years) who underwent surgery and postoperative radiotherapy for @entity5 . @entity5 staging based on the AJCC-1997 criteria was as follows: stage I (n=1), stage II (n=21), stage III (n=12), and stage @entity3480 (n=26). Surgery included hemiglossectomy (n=46, 76%), partial (n=13, 22%) and total (n=1, 2%) glossectomy. Neck dissection was performed in 47 @entity1 (78%). Radiotherapy dose was generally 6000 cGy/30 fr. The median follow-up was 51 months (range 5 to 180 months). RESULTS: The five-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 50% and 47%, respectively. Survival at five years was 70% for stage I-III, and 20% for stage @entity3480 . Most of the relapses occurred in the first two years after treatment. Recurrences were encountered in 31 @entity1 (52%). The median survival after recurrence was eight months (range 1 to 53 months). In multivariate analyses, significant prognostic factors for overall survival and locoregional control were @entity5 size, stage, N stage, extracapsular lymph node spread, and total duration of radiotherapy. Complications were within acceptable limits. CONCLUSION: Postoperative radiotherapy should be standard for @entity1 with stage III and @entity5 .

title: [The results of combined treatment (surgery and postoperative radiotherapy) for XXXX and prognostic factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['IVA tongue cancer', 'tumor', 'oral tongue cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity5772 :: ('MESH:D014062', 'Disease') :: ['tongue carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tongue cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Between 30% and 60% of individuals with @entity308 will have @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ): @entity308 that does not subside with pharmaceutical treatment. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an emerging treatment for @entity13217 . OBJECTIVE: To establish the efficacy and optimal protocol for rTMS among adults and youth with @entity13217 . DATA SOURCES: Two systematic reviews were conducted: one to determine the efficacy of rTMS for adults with @entity13217 and another to determine the effectiveness of rTMS for youth with @entity13217 . For adults, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Health Technology Assessment Database were searched from inception until January 10, 2014 with no language restrictions. Terms aimed at capturing the target diagnosis, such as @entity308 and @entity308 , were combined with terms describing the technology, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and rTMS. Results were limited to studies involving @entity1 @entity1 and designed as a randomized controlled trial. For youth, the search was altered to include youth only (aged 13-25 years) and all study designs. When possible, meta-analysis of response and remission rates was conducted. STUDY SELECTION: Seventy-three articles were included in this review: 70 on adult and 3 on youth populations. RESULTS: Meta-analysis comparing rTMS and sham in adults found statistically significant results favoring rTMS for response (RR: 2.35 [95% CI, 1.70-3.25]) and remission (RR: 2.24 [95% CI, 1.53-3.27]). No statistically significant differences were found when comparing high- and low-frequency, unilateral and bilateral, low- and high-intensity rTMS or rTMS and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). While meta-analysis of results from the youth literature was not possible, the limited evidence base suggests that rTMS may be effective for treating @entity13217 in youth. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence available on the use of rTMS for adults with @entity13217 indicates that rTMS is approximately twice as effective as a sham procedure, although the optimal rTMS protocol remains unclear. Evidence also indicates that rTMS is as effective as ECT and appears promising as a treatment for youth with @entity13217 ; however, the evidence base is underdeveloped.

title: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant XXXX in Adult and Youth Populations: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['TRD', 'treatment-resistant depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity7284 HBr is a bronchodilator known to be subject to first pass effect after oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate @entity7284 HBr suppositories. Suppositories were prepared by a fusion method using different fatty bases, viz. @entity34169 H15, @entity34169 E75, Suppocire AP, and Suppocire BM, as well as different hydrophilic bases, viz. @entity968 and poloxamer bases. In vitro release studies revealed a greater release of the drug from hydrophilic bases than from fatty bases. The effect of incorporating different types and concentrations of non-ionic surfactants ( @entity9266 and @entity16314 ) on the release rate of the drug from @entity34169 H15, as a model fatty base, was investigated. Results showed an enhanced release at low surfactant concentrations. A very fast 100% drug release was achieved when the drug was incorporated as an aqueous solution in @entity34169 H15 (F17). This formula was selected to test the effect of @entity7284 HBr suppositories on @entity112 -induced @entity5143 in @entity840 . No @entity1353 of the animals was recorded for up to 30 min. In addition, thermogel liquid suppositories of different @entity12185 and @entity12185 proportions in the presence of @entity14917 as a mucoadhesive polymer were prepared. The different formulations behaved similarly concerning sustainment of drug release, however, only the formula containing 15% @entity12185 and 25% @entity12185 (F20) showed optimal gelation at body temperature. In conclusion, among the studied suppository bases there are bases suitable for fast release of the drug like F17 and hydrophilic bases especially @entity968 , as well as other bases for sustained release applications of @entity7284 HBr like fatty and thermogel bases.

title: Preparation and evaluation of XXXX suppositories.

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasms']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity12185 :: ('MESH:D020442', 'Chemical') :: ['poloxamer 188', 'poloxamer 407']

answer: @entity7284 :: (MESH:D005280,Chemical) :: ['fenoterol hydrobromide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Robot-assisted percutaneous insertion of pedicle screws is a recent technique demonstrating high accuracy. The optimal treatment for @entity1512 is still a matter of debate. We performed a retrospective cohort study on surgical @entity1 treated with pedicle screw/rod placement alone without the application of intervertebral cages. In this collective, we compare conventional open to a further minimalized percutaneous robot-assisted spinal instrumentation, avoiding a direct contact of implants and @entity166 focus. 90 records and CT scans of @entity1 treated by dorsal transpedicular instrumentation of the infected segments with and without decompression and antibiotic therapy were analysed for clinical and radiological outcome parameters. 24 @entity1 were treated by free-hand fluoroscopy-guided surgery (121 screws), and 66 @entity1 were treated by percutaneous robot-assisted spinal instrumentation (341 screws). Accurate screw placement was confirmed in 90  % of robot-assisted and 73.5  % of free-hand placed screws. Implant revision due to misplacement was necessary in 4.95  % of the free-hand group compared to 0.58  % in the robot-assisted group. The average intraoperative X- @entity16039 exposure per case was 0.94      1.04  min in the free-hand group vs. 0.4      0.16  min in the percutaneous group (p  =  0.000). Intraoperative adverse events were observed in 12.5  % of free-hand placed pedicle screws and 6.1  % of robot robot-assisted screws. The mean postoperative hospital stay in the free-hand group was 18.1      12.9  days, and in percutaneous group, 13.8      5.6  days (p  =  0.012). This study demonstrates that the robot-guided insertion of pedicle screws is a safe and effective procedure in lumbar and @entity1512 with higher accuracy of implant placement, lower radiation dose, and decreased complication rates. Percutaneous spinal dorsal instrumentation seems to be sufficient to treat lumbar and @entity1512 .

title: Evaluation of surgical strategy of conventional vs. percutaneous robot-assisted spinal trans-pedicular instrumentation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis', 'thoracic spondylodiscitis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['spondylodiscitis']


abstract: The clinical performance and endocrine profiles of contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) with an in vitro daily release rate of 15 micrograms of @entity2082 combined with 75, 100 or 150 micrograms @entity27119 were evaluated. Two studies were performed; one with 11 volunteers, consisting of a control cycle, a cycle with an oral preparation (Marvelon), followed by two CVR treatment cycles, and a second study with 12 volunteers, having the same design but one CVR treatment cycle. A dose-response relationship was seen in the endocrine and clinical performance of the CVR. With CVR 75/15, ovulation occurred in two subjects, and increases in serum @entity53 concentrations were seen in two additional subjects. With CVR 100/15, slight @entity53 increases were seen in four subjects, but @entity1420 remained low. With CVR 150/15, both @entity53 and @entity1420 serum concentrations remained low. With CVR 75/15 extra @entity548 was common, but with CVR 150/15 this did not occur. No major side effects occurred, and no abnormal Papanicolaou smears or histological findings of the endometrium were found. All volunteers completed all cycles, and the three-week CVR use was generally well accepted. In conclusion, the release rate of CVR 75/15 was insufficient. A vaginal ring with a daily release rate between 100 and 150 micrograms of @entity27119 in combination with 15 micrograms of @entity2082 seems suitable for contraceptive purposes, and will be further tested in larger clinical studies.

title: Clinical performance and endocrine profiles of contraceptive vaginal rings releasing XXXX and @entity2082 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity27119 :: ('MESH:C044815', 'Chemical') :: ['3-keto-desogestrel']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity27119 :: (MESH:C044815,Chemical) :: ['3-keto-desogestrel']


abstract: @entity15617 ( @entity15617 ) is a rare @entity74 . It is caused by a mutation in the @entity34001 gene, which codes for the @entity920 -transporting ATPase in the cell organelles. Dysfunction of many @entity920 -dependent enzymes results in low concentrations of @entity920 in some tissues and accumulation of @entity920 in others. We report on a @entity1 that at the age of 2 months presented with @entity75 with @entity302 and later had a progressive @entity245 . Despite treatment with various antiepileptic drugs, some @entity410 still persisted. Our diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. We also plan to confirm the diagnosis genetically. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity15617 in Slovenia. Treatment of @entity15617 is usually not successful, especially in sporadic cases, because it usually begins too late. Early neonatal treatment may be successful in half of the cases.

title: XXXX ( @entity15617 ). A case report.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity15617 :: ('MESH:D007706', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'Menkes disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity15617 :: (MESH:D007706,Disease) :: ['Menkes kinky hair disease']


abstract: @entity1179 ( @entity1179 ) is the most common @entity5 of the nose and the paranasal sinuses and constitutes almost 0.5% to 4% of the primary @entity5 . In this study, our objective was to retrospectively review the results of surgical treatment of @entity1179 .Sixty-eight @entity1 with a histopathologically proven diagnosis of @entity1179 were retrospectively evaluated. Two @entity1 who had an associated @entity957 were excluded from the study. Ten @entity1 were operated on for revision surgery, and 56 eventually had a @entity5 . @entity1 operated on for @entity5 were included in this study. Nasal obstruction was the most frequent symptom observed in 50 @entity1 (89%). The origin of the @entity5 was most common at the maxillary sinus, the lamina papyracea, and the ethmoid sinus. Endoscopic endonasal resection, endoscopic endonasal resection with the Caldwell-Luc procedure, medial maxillectomy after lateral rhinotomy (LR), and endoscope-assisted medial maxillectomy with LR approaches were used. The @entity1 operated on only with medial maxillectomy after an LR procedure have a recurrence rate of 28% (2 @entity1 ). Endoscopic endonasal resection has a recurrence rate of 9% (2 @entity1 ). Recurrence observed after endoscopic endonasal resection with Caldwell-Luc procedures was 7% (1 @entity1 ). One recurrence (8%) was determined after an endoscope-assisted medial maxillectomy after LR. No @entity260 were observed after surgery.In conclusion, @entity1179 can be treated both with internal and external approaches. The type of surgery should be determined according to the @entity5 stage. Combined internal and external approaches have less recurrence rates in advanced cases. Endoscopic endonasal resection should be used in early-stage @entity5 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasal tumors', 'benign tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'Inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['major postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['inverted papilloma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that can be helpful in the diagnosis of @entity1489 . The dermatoscopic evaluation of @entity1490 ( @entity1490 ) improves diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the usefulness of dermatoscopy as a tool for assessing responses to therapy and recurrence of @entity1490 . METHODS: @entity1 with histopathologically diagnosed @entity1490 were prospectively enrolled. In all lesions, 3 months after the end of treatment (photodynamic therapy or 5% imiquimod cream), dermatoscopic and histopathological examinations were repeated to evaluate and correlate changes in dermatoscopic features and histopathological results. @entity75 were monitored using dermatoscopy during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity1 with 29 histopathologically diagnosed @entity66 were included in this study. After treatment, dermatoscopic examination revealed the disappearance of pre-existing @entity1504 in 16 lesions, and remaining @entity1504 in 13 lesions. Histopathological evaluation of the treated lesions showed @entity2735 and increased dermal vascularity in lesions with persistent @entity1504 . However, normal epidermis and @entity455 were observed in all but one of the lesions without previous @entity1504 . During the follow-up period, one lesion showed reappearance of previous @entity1504 on dermatoscopy 9 months after treatment. Histopathological examination confirmed the recurrence of @entity1490 . CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the persistence of @entity1504 of @entity1490 appears to be associated with @entity66 , and disappearance of @entity1504 suggests that the disease has been cured. In addition, reappearance of previous @entity1504 indicates the recurrence of @entity1490 . Therefore, we suggest that dermatoscopy can be a useful, reliable and noninvasive tool in the therapeutic follow-up of @entity1490 .

title: The use of dermatoscopy to monitor therapeutic response of XXXX : a dermatoscopic pathological study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['decreased dermal vascularity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'BD lesions']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['remnant intraepithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Cured lesions']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented and nonpigmented skin tumours']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular structures', 'dermatoscopic vascular structures']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ['Bowen disease', 'BD']

answer: @entity1490 :: (MESH:D001913,Disease) :: ['Bowen disease']


abstract: Congenital head and neck masses in @entity1 are a diverse group of lesions. @entity1157 are the most common, followed by @entity9467 , @entity2696 ( @entity3609 ), and subcutaneous @entity455 ( @entity2695 , @entity7026 ). It is important to note that @entity2695 are not included in this discussion of congenital masses. If they are considered within the general topic of congenital head and neck masses, @entity455 by far are the most common. @entity44 and @entity48 represent true @entity5 and are relatively uncommon. Several rare lesions have been noted in the discussion and should be included in the differential diagnosis. The diagnosis of these particular masses depends largely on history and physical examination. The location of the mass itself greatly limits the differential diagnosis. Ancillary studies such as plain x-rays, ultrasound, CT scanning, and angiography are useful in further limiting the possible diagnoses. @entity2695 , @entity5651 , and @entity81 can be treated medically or with simple observation. Surgery is reversed for enlarging lesions or lesions affecting vital structures. The remainder of the congenital head and neck masses generally require early excisions to avoid complications of @entity281 , @entity1224 , nutritional compromise, or the risk of malignant transformation.

title: Congenital head and neck masses in @entity1 and XXXX . Part II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3609 :: ('MESH:D018191', 'Disease') :: ['cystic hygroma']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions', 'vascular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'Subcutaneous hemangiomas', 'cutaneous hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroglossal duct abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9467 :: ('MESH:D007766', 'Disease') :: ['branchial apparatus abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity48 :: ('MESH:D003884', 'Disease') :: ['dermoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2696 :: ('MESH:D008202', 'Disease') :: ['lymphangiomas']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic thyroid, congenital goiter']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatosis colli']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['Teratomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']