abstract: Spontaneous @entity715 in young @entity1 produces long-term disability. @entity1 with secondary @entity715 usually require prolonged venous catheterization for chemotherapy or pacemaking. This study aimed to compare the early and late results of lytic versus anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of @entity715 , both spontaneous and secondary to central venous cannulation. Nine @entity1 underwent conventional treatment (heparin and @entity1229 ) (group 1), and 10 had initial lytic therapy followed by heparin and @entity1229 (group 2). Three @entity1 had cervical or first rib resection. Thirteen @entity1 had spontaneous @entity715 and six were secondary to central venous catheterization. The mean follow-up was 36 months. Two of nine @entity1 (22%) in group 1 and eight of 10 @entity1 (80%) in group 2 had total venous recanalization and symptom resolution (P = 0.018). In the spontaneous @entity715 subset, one of six @entity1 (17%) in group 1 and five of seven @entity1 (71%) in group 2 had total venous recanalization and symptom resolution (P = 0.078). The average difference in cost per @entity1 between groups 1 and 2 was  19,039. In conclusion, lytic therapy appears superior to anticoagulation in the treatment of @entity715 . However, such treatment is more expensive and its benefits should be carefully weighed against the cost in each case.

title: Treatment alternatives for XXXX : long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis']


abstract: To assess the cultural differences in the role of somatosensory amplification in Japan and North America, we re-examined the role of psychological amplification of objective physical symptoms, as measured by the Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), in 82 Japanese @entity1 with @entity1729 . @entity148 and @entity308 were measured with the Hospital @entity148 and @entity308 Scale (HADS). We determined the association among continuous variables using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Next, we used multiple regression analysis and selected all symptoms as independent variables. The SSAS was significantly associated with all somatic symptoms. It was also closely related to discomfort, but the SSAS was not significantly correlated with either @entity148 or @entity308 . All somatic symptoms were not significantly correlated with the objective physical findings. Multiple regression analyses indicated that amplification by SSAS was a statistically significant predictor of the @entity1 's somatic symptoms and discomfort. The objective findings did not significantly predict the @entity1 's symptoms. Our study provides some empirical evidence regarding psychological amplification of objective physical symptoms, as measured by SSAS, in Japanese @entity1 with @entity1729 . Our findings suggest that there is no difference in the role of amplification of bodily sensations between Japanese and North Americans.

title: The amplification of somatic symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper-respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2390 is an octapeptide analog of @entity1943 used to normalize @entity2124 levels in @entity2012 . This article presents a population analysis of the relationship between @entity2390 and @entity2124 concentrations in 94 @entity1 with @entity2012 , including 10 @entity1 responding incompletely to subcutaneous treatment (poor responders). METHODS: @entity2124 and @entity2390 concentrations were recorded hourly over 12-hour time periods during long-term subcutaneous treatment. Twelve-hour profiles were also collected on different days up to 2 months after intramuscular injection of the long-acting formulation. We modeled the inhibition of @entity2124 secretion by @entity2390 with a direct maximum inhibition model. A joint analysis of both formulations was performed with NONMEM (GloboMax, LLC, Hanover, Md). During model building, we examined the relationships between parameters and demographic covariates or formulations with the use of likelihood ratio tests. RESULTS: The baseline @entity2124 level was higher in poor responders and was best described by a bimodal distribution. The maximum inhibition was common to both formulations and had a mean of 90%, with low interindividual variability. Sensitivity to @entity2390 (50% inhibitory concentration) was found to be slightly lower on average with intramuscular administration than with subcutaneous administration. CONCLUSION: Given adequate doses of @entity2390 , in 72% of 94 @entity1 , @entity2124 would decrease to levels below 2.5 ng. mL(-1), considered to be a desirable target concentration in @entity2012 . This study provides a way to identify poor responders during subcutaneous treatment, allowing an early clinical decision to be made to switch nonresponders to alternative therapies.

title: Population pharmacodynamic analysis of @entity2390 in acromegalic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Cervical @entity3 of @entity5 of an unknown @entity5 (CMUPT) are infrequent but they represent botha diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ENT physicians. We present a retrospective study over 22 @entity1 with CMUPT diagnosed in our hospital during 13 years (3.4% of the @entity1 with @entity135 ). The sensitivity of the fine-needle aspiration technique was 94.7%. 54% were N2a, 36% N3 and 9% N2b. 73% were @entity957 and 27% were @entity189 . We established our protocol on diagnosis and management: panendoscopy with biopsies of nasopharynx, vallecula and pyriform sinus and @entity717 . The primary source was identified in 23% of the series. All @entity957 were treated with radical neck surgery plus radiotherapy and the @entity189 with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The overall survival was 64% at 3 years. The N-stage affected the survival rate.

title: [A study of cervical @entity3 from unknown primary XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumour', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral tonsillectomy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: A 21-month-old @entity1 with @entity29377 and @entity739 is reported. Eighteen hours after birth he had generalized @entity410 , @entity1353 , and @entity4053 which were followed by recurrent @entity410 despite administration of @entity109 and @entity1092 . At 16 months of age he had @entity4053 and @entity281 . At 19 months of age left hemiconvulsions and left @entity1269 occurred; his mental and motor development, which had been delayed but progressive, deteriorated. Tonic @entity2473 appeared at 21 months of age and electroencephalography revealed multifocal spikes. At 27 months of age electroencephalography disclosed @entity739 . Cranial computed tomography depicted @entity1010 , @entity4353 , and intact septum pellucidum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated @entity6789 and a small pituitary gland. @entity4643 of the right optic disc was detected. Physical examination revealed @entity851 , left @entity1269 , micropenis, and cryptorchidism. Endocrinologic loading tests revealed @entity1887 of the hypophysial anterior lobe.

title: @entity29377 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['clonic seizures', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity29377 :: ('MESH:D025962', 'Disease') :: ['septo-optic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['right microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['hypsarrhythmia', 'infantile spasms']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['apnea attacks during varicella infection']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity6789 :: ('MESH:D061085', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia of the corpus callosum']

answer: @entity739 :: (MESH:D013036,Disease) :: ['infantile spasms']


abstract: Protein phosphorylation is essential for the regulation of cell growth, division, and differentiation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signal transduction in prokaryotes was previously thought to occur primarily by @entity3793 kinases, involved in two-component signaling pathways. Lately, bacterial homologues of eukaryotic-type @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases and phosphatases have been found to be necessary for cellular functions such as growth, differentiation, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism. The Gram-positive bacteria @entity5967 (group B streptococci, @entity5011 ) is an important @entity1 pathogen. We have identified and characterized a eukaryotic-type @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase (Stk1) and its cognate phosphatase (Stp1) in @entity5011 . Biochemical assays revealed that Stk1 has kinase activity and localizes to the membrane and that Stp1 is a soluble protein with @entity921 -dependent phosphatase activity on Stk1. Mutations in these genes exhibited pleiotropic effects on growth, virulence, and cell segregation of @entity5011 . Complementation of these mutations restored the wild type phenotype linking these genes to the regulation of various cellular processes in @entity5011 . In vitro phosphorylation of cell extracts from wild type and mutant strains revealed that Stk1 is essential for phosphorylation of six @entity5011 proteins. We have identified the predominant endogenous substrate of both Stk1 and Stp1 as a @entity921 -dependent inorganic pyrophosphatase (PpaC) by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. These results suggest that these eukaryotic-type enzymes regulate pyrophosphatase activity and other cellular functions of @entity5967 .

title: A eukaryotic type @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase and phosphatase in XXXX reversibly phosphorylate an inorganic pyrophosphatase and affect growth, cell segregation, and virulence.

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae', 'S. agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity5967 :: (1311,Species) :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']


abstract: @entity510 may be complicated by @entity2806 which, though reversible initially, can progress to an irreversible @entity51 . 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which can determine intracellular pH and thus detect areas of @entity63 noninvasively, was applied to 10 @entity1 on 30 occasions, at various times after @entity510 . In 5 of them, there were focal areas of the brain in which the intracellular pH was reduced to < 6.8 compared with the normal range of 7.05 +/- 0.05. @entity1662 was impaired in 4 of these @entity1 . Repeat studies in these 4 @entity1 showed that intracellular pH remained abnormally low for several days but eventually returned toward normal. The return of intracellular pH to normal paralleled an improvement in clinical condition in each case. In the fifth @entity1 with lowered regions of intracellular pH, there had been an impaired level of consciousness and a transient focal deficit prior to the single study. In the other 5 @entity1 there were no areas of reduced pHi even though in 3 of them there was intraventricular or cisternal blood shown on brain computerized tomography. In 2 of these 3 @entity1 there were no abnormal neurological signs at the time of the magnetic resonance study. The third @entity1 had a dense and persistent @entity1269 . The remaining two @entity1 had no abnormal neurological signs at any stage. We suggest that the areas of @entity520 may reflect @entity63 which is potentially reversible. Since the technique is noninvasive, sequential 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain offers a method of detecting @entity2806 and, more importantly, of assessing methods of treatment.

title: Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectra reveal prolonged intracellular @entity520 in the brain following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['Consciousness']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity30522 ( @entity6532 ) was proposed as an in vivo probe for drug interactions involving renal cation transporters, which, for example, transport the oral antidiabetic drug @entity2449 , based on a study with the inhibitor @entity4765 . The role of @entity6532 for predicting other interactions with involvement of renal cation transporters (organic cation transporter 2, @entity40290 ; multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins 1 and 2-K, @entity53236 and @entity53237 ) is unclear. METHODS: We determined inhibition of @entity2449 or @entity6532 transport by @entity206 using cell lines expressing @entity40290 , @entity53236 , or @entity53237 . Moreover, a randomized, open-label, two-phase crossover study was performed in 12 healthy volunteers. In each phase, 850  mg metformin hydrochloride was administered p.o. in the evening of day 4 and in the morning of day 5. In phase B, 200  mg @entity206 was administered additionally p.o. twice daily for 5  days. @entity2449 pharmacokinetics and effects (measured by OGTT) and @entity6532 pharmacokinetics were determined. RESULTS: @entity206 inhibited @entity2449 transport with K i values of 27.2, 6.3, and 28.9   M and @entity6532 transport with IC50 values of 133.9, 29.1, and 0.61   M for @entity40290 , @entity53236 , and @entity53237 , respectively. In the clinical study, @entity206 increased @entity2449 area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) by 29.5  % and decreased @entity2449 and @entity6532 renal clearances by 26.4 and 19.9  %, respectively (p    <=   0.01). Moreover, decreases of @entity6532 and @entity2449 renal clearances due to @entity206 correlated significantly (r S   =   0.727, p   =   0.010). CONCLUSIONS: These data on the metformin-trimethoprim interaction support the potential utility of @entity30522 as an endogenous probe for renal drug-drug interactions with involvement of renal cation transporters.

title: @entity30522 as an endogenous probe for drug interactions by renal cation transporters: studies on the XXXX - @entity206 interaction.

entities_list: @entity30522 :: ('MESH:C024058', 'Chemical') :: ['N(1)-methylnicotinamide']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim', 'trimethoprim']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: PROBLEM: The inter-conversion of hormonally active @entity701 and inactive @entity821 is catalyzed by @entity11331 dehydrogenase (11beta-HSD). This conversion controls the level of active glucocorticoid concentration in tissues. As the fallopian tube plays a major role in the process of fertilization, we wanted to investigate whether 11beta-HSD is present in the @entity1 fallopian tube to control the glucocorticoid levels as in other tissues. METHOD OF STUDY: Isthmic, ampullary and fimbrial portions of the fallopian tube are obtained from @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy and salpingo-oopherectomy for symptomatic leomyomata uteri. 11beta-HSD activities were measured in the homogenates of the tube, @entity701 as the @entity134 substrate. The enzyme activity was expressed as nanomolar @entity821 formed per minute per gram of tissue (mean +/- S.D.). RESULTS: A significant level of 11beta-HSD activity in oxidation direction was found in all three parts of the tube. There is no significant difference in the distribution of the enzyme activity throughout the tube. When tubal 11beta-HSD activity was compared with endometrial histology, the enzyme activity is significantly lower in proliferative endometrium when compared with secretory endometrium (P = 0.002). The enzyme activity in inactive endometrium is significantly higher than the active endometrium (P = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of 11beta-HSD throughout the fallopian tube and its correlation to endometrial histology is indicative of its probable role in controlling the glucocorticoid levels in the tissue, which in turn may influence the fertilization process.

title: Type 2 XXXX dehydrogenase activity in @entity1 fallopian tube and correlation of enzyme levels with endometrial histopathology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity11331 :: ('CHEBI:35346', 'Chemical') :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']

answer: @entity11331 :: (CHEBI:35346,Chemical) :: ['11beta-hydroxysteroid']


abstract: The dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex (DGC) and the a7b1-integrin complex are two independent protein complexes that link the extracellular matrix with the cytoskeleton in muscle cells. These associations stabilize the sarcolemma during force transmission. Loss of either one of these complexes leads to @entity3986 . Dystrophin is a major component of the DGC. Its absence results in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ). Because a7-integrin overexpression has been shown to ameliorate muscle histopathology in @entity19 models of @entity1555 , we hypothesize that the a7b1-integrin complex can help preserve muscle function. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated muscle force, elasticity, and the viscous property of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in 19-day-old normal BL6, dystrophin-null mdx4cv, a7-integrin-null, and dystrophin/a7-integrin double knockout @entity19 . While nominal changes were found in single knockout @entity19 , contractility and passive properties were significantly compromised in a7-integrin double knockout @entity19 . Our results suggest that DGC and a7b1-integrin complexes may compensate each other to maintain normal skeletal muscle function. a7b1-Integrin upregulation may hold promise to treat not only histological, but also physiological, defects in @entity1555 .

title: Alpha 7 integrin preserves the function of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in dystrophin-null XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To review the cases of @entity1 who had excimer laser refractive surgery to correct unintentional or undesired @entity2516 after @entity231 extraction with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Wilmer Laser Vision Correction Center, Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. METHODS: In this retrospective noncomparative review of consecutive cases, the Wilmer Laser Vision Correction Center's database was searched for @entity1 who had laser in situ keratomileusis or photorefractive keratectomy to correct @entity2516 after @entity231 extraction with IOL implantation. RESULTS: Using the Visx Star excimer laser system (Visx, Inc.), 11 procedures were performed in 11 eyes of 10 @entity1 a mean of 47 months (range 2 to 216 months) after @entity231 extraction with IOL implantation. Except for 1 @entity1 with a silicone plate lens, all @entity1 received 3-piece @entity4625 lenses. The mean age at time of excimer treatment was 75 years (range 70 to 81 years). Before laser surgery, the mean spherical equivalent of @entity1 eyes was -3.76 diopters (D) +/- 2.50 (SD) (range -6.50 to +0.75 D), spherical refraction ranged from -9.00 D to plano, and the highest cylindrical refraction was +5.50 D. At last follow-up (mean 12.2 months; range 1 to 38 months), the mean manifest spherical equivalent was -0.88 +/- 1.43 D (range -2.75 to +2.13 D). Changes in mean manifest spherical equivalent were highly significant (P = .03, Wilcoxon signed rank test for paired values). There was no difference between targeted and achieved postoperative refraction (P = .34, Wilcoxon test). Increasing age was correlated with a hyperopic shift (r = 0.525, P = .05). All @entity1 were satisfied with their final uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), which improved in every case. Except for 1 @entity1 in whom an epiretinal membrane developed, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity remained unchanged or improved. CONCLUSIONS: In this series of @entity1 , who were a few decades older than the typical excimer laser candidate, laser refractive surgery was a safe, effective, and predictable method to correct @entity2516 after @entity231 extraction with IOL implantation. It may be a viable, noninvasive alternative to intraocular surgery, which has potential complications. Although satisfactory for all @entity1 , final UCVA was not as high as that reported in laser refractive surgery @entity1 in general, and this result may be because of prior @entity231 extraction with IOL implantation or increased age.

title: Excimer laser surgery for correction of @entity2516 after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity189 are usually of the squamous cell or transitional cell type. @entity420 of the inner nose and the paranasal sinus correlate with exposure to wood dust. However, this is only true for @entity420 of the intestinal type and not for @entity189 or polymorphous low-grade @entity420 . Of 160 cases with a history of wood dust exposure and @entity5 of the inner nose, 134 were sinonasal @entity420 of the intestinal type (SNAIT). In addition, there were 24 other @entity189 as well as 1 malignant @entity320 and 1 malignant @entity5 . The SNAIT showed various subtypes with great morphological similarities to @entity14 (papillary tubular cylinder cell: 72.4%; alveolar goblet cell: 5.2%; signet ring cell: 3.7%; transitional type: 18.7%). Highly differentiated @entity420 (G1) and @entity3079 were relatively frequent: they accounted for 23.1% and 29.1% of the 134 SNAIT, respectively. Apart from wood dust, wood additives are discussed as a carcinogenic factor. With the development of SNAIT, a @entity189 in situ sequence is probable. If the clinical course shows few symptoms, the first manifestation of such a @entity5 often occurs in an advanced stage.

title: [Nasal XXXX after wood dust exposure. Morphological spectrum of 100 cases].

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'synovial tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'salivary gland carcinomas', 'metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma', 'Sinonasal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['sinus carcinoma']


abstract: The contribution of the angiotensin (Ang) II type 2 receptor ( @entity11082 ) to @entity1283 is still controversial. Here we examined the effect of overexpressing the @entity1 @entity11082 in cultured porcine cardiac fibroblasts (pFib) on proliferation, procollagen I mRNA expression, and - as putatively underlying signal-transduction pathways - on mitogen-activated protein kinase @entity12206 / @entity3963 and @entity10393 phosphatase activities. As quantitated by 125I-( @entity46724 ,Ile8)-Ang II binding, transduction of cardiac fibroblasts with the adenoviral @entity11082 expression vector led to a six- to tenfold higher @entity19496 than endogenous @entity7743 ( @entity7743 ) expression. The overexpressed @entity11082 had the same apparent molecular mass as the endogenous @entity11082 in @entity35 PC12W cells. Proliferation was not significantly lower in @entity11082 expressing pFib than in antisense-transduced controls (TA2) upon stimulation with Ang II ( @entity11082 110.5+/-4.8% vs. TA2 110.2+/-5.5%), Ang II plus the @entity7743 blocker @entity7056 (97.1+/-1.4% vs. 108.0+/-5.0; P=0.052) and the partial @entity11082 antagonist @entity22179 at the agonistic concentration of 50 nM (92.1+/-2.7% vs. 99.8+/-3.1%; P=0.053). Procollagen Ialpha2 ( @entity4173 ) mRNA levels were quantitated by (a) northern blot analysis and (b) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. @entity4173 / @entity7501 (a) and @entity4173 /beta-actin (b) ratios revealed no differences between @entity11082 -transduced fibroblasts and antisense controls when stimulated with Ang II (1 microM, 24 h) plus @entity7056 and 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor beta1. Ang II stimulation of the endogenous @entity7743 increased @entity3962 activities. This response was reduced by @entity7056 , but @entity11083 had no effect. Time course and magnitude of Ang II stimulated @entity12206 / @entity3963 activation was identical in @entity11082 -transduced and control cells. Also, neither simultaneous nor Ang II pre-stimulation, suggested to induce gene expression of the @entity14520 , modulated @entity4514 -stimulated @entity12206 / @entity3963 activation in @entity11082 -transduced pFib, in @entity11082 -transduced @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells, and in PC12W cells. By the use of a @entity669 phosphatase assay we observed an inhibition of @entity10393 phosphatase activity by 30.8% (P=0.009, n=5) after 5 min Ang II stimulation of @entity11082 -expressing pFib. Immunoprecipitation- @entity669 phosphatase assays revealed that inhibition of @entity10393 phosphatase 1B, which regulates insulin signaling, contributed to this effect. In conclusion, stimulation of the overexpressed @entity1 @entity11082 in porcine cardiac fibroblasts inhibited @entity669 phosphatase activity but had no significant effect on fibroblast functions related to @entity299 . It is conceivable that possible antifibrotic @entity11082 effects are species specific and/or require the interaction between fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, probably via paracrine factors, or mechanical load.

title: Adenovirus-mediated overexpression and stimulation of the @entity1 @entity19496 in porcine cardiac fibroblasts does not modulate proliferation, collagen I mRNA expression and XXXX / @entity3963 activity, but inhibits protein @entity669 phosphatases.

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['AT1R', 'Ang II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity14520 :: ('1843', 'Gene') :: ['MAP kinase phosphatase 1']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

answer: @entity12206 :: (5595,Gene) :: ['ERK1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish the predictive role of obstetric variables for obstetric outcomes and birth related levator ani muscle (LAM) @entity130 . METHODS: In this prospective study, @entity1 underwent 3-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound at their first appointment at 36 weeks and also 3 months postpartum. The measurements included minimal levator hiatus circumference (MLHC) and the ratio of fetal head circumference to MLHC = head-induced stretch ratio (HISR) as an indicator of the discrepancy between passage and passing canal. To derive the true impact of baby's mass on the levator ani musculature, we devised the levator ani stretch ratio (LASR), which was calculated by multiplying the HISR and the baby's weight. RESULTS: Data set of 173 @entity1 was available for analysis. Mean HISR and LASR values were statistically different across all binary outcome categories, with 1 exception for HISR and @entity12628 . The odds ratios for LASR indicated positive and statistically significant associations with all obstetric outcomes examined. The probability of the LASR correctly classifying those with the adverse obstetric outcome, as estimated by the area under the curve, ranged from 0.64 to 0.80 with the strongest discriminatory ability observed for severe @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: Fetal head circumference/mother MLHC ratio (HISR) is associated with longer length of second stage of labor, assisted delivery, and increased severity of perineal @entity130 . Similar associations were observed for LASR, but in addition, LASR had good discriminatory ability to identify severe @entity121 .

title: New Measures for Predicting Birth-Related Pelvic Floor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12628 :: ('MESH:C535890', 'Disease') :: ['levator ani injury']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['LAM trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the behavior of moderate @entity75 was more like that of severe @entity75 , while severe @entity1141 was very different from @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ). @entity2735 should be managed more aggressively than the other lesions. Mild @entity1141 could not be viewed as a precancerous lesion of the larynx. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify the possibilities of the @entity1613 of larynx (including @entity6348 , moderate @entity1141 , severe @entity1141 , and @entity2735 ) progressing to invasive @entity189 and to highlight the importance of adequate management and follow-up strategies for these @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 who had these preinvasive lesions in the larynx over a 10-year period was performed. RESULTS: These @entity1 were followed for a minimum period of 2 years from the initial diagnosis. In all, 86 @entity1 were identified the cohort. Of these, 17 (19.8%) @entity1 developed @entity189 : 0 of 22 with @entity6348 , 5 of 25 (20%) with moderate @entity1141 , 2 of 14 (15%) with severe @entity1141 , and 10 of 25 (40%) @entity1 with @entity2735 progressed to invasive @entity5 (p = 0.001). Over 50% of cases progressed 3 years after the original biopsy. Only 1 of 86 (1%) died of the disease.

title: Is severe XXXX the same lesion as @entity2735 ? 10-Year follow-up of laryngeal @entity1613 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6348 :: ('MESH:C535775', 'Disease') :: ['mild dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the state of the public and private @entity311 diagnostics market shortly after WHO updated its guidelines for testing all suspected @entity311 cases prior to treatment. METHODS: Ten nationally representative cross-sectional cluster surveys were conducted in 2011 among public and private health facilities, community health workers and retail outlets (pharmacies and drug shops) in nine countries (Tanzania mainland and Zanzibar surveyed separately). Eligible outlets had antimalarials in stock on the day of interview or had stocked antimalarials in the past 3  months. RESULTS: Three thousand four hundred and thirty-nine @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) products from 39 manufacturers were audited among 12  197 outlets interviewed. Availability was typically highest in public health facilities, although availability in these facilities varied greatly across countries, from 15% in Nigeria to >90% in Madagascar and Cambodia. Private for-profit sector availability was 46% in Cambodia, 20% in Zambia, but low in other countries. Median retail prices for RDTs in the private for-profit sector ranged from  0.00 in Madagascar to  3.13 in Zambia. The reported number of RDTs used in the 7  days before the survey in public health facilities ranged from 3 (Benin) to 50 (Zambia). CONCLUSIONS: Eighteen months after WHO updated its case management guidelines, @entity1062 remained poor in the private sector in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the ongoing importance of the private sector as a source of fever treatment, the goal of universal diagnosis will not be achievable under current circumstances. These results constitute national baselines against which progress in scaling-up diagnostic tests can be assessed.

title: Availability and price of XXXX rapid diagnostic tests in the public and private health sectors in 2011: results from 10 nationally representative cross-sectional retail surveys.

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['rapid diagnostic test', 'RDT availability', 'RDT']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high risk of @entity5 is related to the occupational exposure to wood dust. However, the role of occupational exposures in the aetiology of the @entity5 remains largely unknown. Here, an in vitro model was performed to investigate the carcinogenic effect of wood dusts. @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells were incubated with hard and soft wood dusts and the DNA damage and response to DNA damage evaluated. Wood dust exposure induced accumulation of oxidised DNA bases, which was associated with a delay in DNA repair activity. By exposing cells to wood dust at a prolonged time, wood dust-initiated cells were obtained. Initiated-cells were able to form colonies in soft agar, and to induce blood vessel formation. These cells showed extensive autophagy, reduced DNA repair, which was associated with reduced @entity9552 expression and oxidised DNA base accumulation. These events were found related to the activation of @entity470 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway, through phosphorylation and subsequent inactivation of tuberin. The persistence in the tissue of wood dusts, their repetitious binding with @entity470 may continually trigger the activation switch, leading to chronic down-regulation of genes involved in DNA repair, leading to cell transformation and proliferation.

title: Wood dust exposure induces cell transformation through @entity470 -mediated XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['airway cancers', 'neoplastic transformation of nasal and paranasal sinuses mucosa']

answer: @entity9552 :: (4968,Gene) :: ['OGG1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) has been described as a long-term complication following laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) with an incidence of 0.5-50  %. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of major @entity384 on @entity353 and find methods to diagnose @entity384 and possible treatment strategies based on a classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all @entity1 undergoing LAGB between 2004 and 2008 in three community-based hospitals. @entity384 was classified in four stages of dilation using gastrografin swallow. We report body mass index (BMI), failure rates and reoperations among these @entity1 , with a mean follow-up period of 6.7  years. RESULTS: Nineteen (18.4  %) of 103 @entity1 who underwent LAGB presented with esophageal dilation. Band deflation failed for all nine @entity1 (8.7  %) with major @entity384 . The mean BMI at LAGB ( @entity3752 ), revision (BMI 2), and 1  year after conversion (BMI 3) were 45.9      3.2, 42.8      4.9 and 30.3      5.5  kg/m(2), respectively. No significant difference was found comparing @entity3752 and BMI 2 (p  =  0,065, EWL1: 14.2      21.7  kg/m(2)). In contrast, the @entity353 after the revision surgery was significant (p  =  0.001, EWL2: 67.1      30  kg/m(2)). No significant difference was found concerning age, gender, ASA, preoperative (LAGB) weight, and mean interval between LAGB and revision comparing @entity1 with major @entity384 (IV) to @entity1 with milder forms ( @entity384 I-III). CONCLUSION: @entity384 is a serious long-term complication after LAGB and seems to prevent effective @entity353 in stage IV. Furthermore, untreated dilation could cause long-term damage to the esophagus. Therefore, we suggest routine radiographic follow-up after LAGB even in asymptomatic @entity1 and a treatment based on a classification with an early surgical revision for major @entity384 .

title: Major Esophageal Dilation After Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Symptomatic XXXX : Does It Prevent Effective Weight Loss and How Should It be Treated?

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal dilation', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is one of the most lethal @entity5 because of its @entity146 and the lack of efficacious therapy. @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ), a major @entity12919 in green tea, was shown to possess remarkable therapeutic potential against various types of @entity1 @entity5 cells in in vitro and in vivo models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity3090 on the proliferation and apoptosis of ARO cells-- @entity1 @entity2867 cells. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: @entity1 @entity2867 cell line, ARO, was treated with @entity3090 . Cell viability was assessed by @entity98 assay. Inhibition of @entity470 /MAPK pathway and cell cycle-related proteins by @entity3090 were measured by Western blot analysis. In addition, cell cycle analysis was measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: @entity3090 treatment inhibited the growth of ARO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, @entity3090 suppressed phosphorylation of @entity470 , @entity1366 , @entity4675 , and @entity3963 . These changes were associated with increased @entity3544 and reduced @entity8189 / @entity10610 expression. In addition, @entity3090 treatment increased the accumulation of sub-G1 cell, activated @entity522 and cleaved @entity9190 . CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, @entity3090 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis via suppression of the @entity470 / @entity3963 pathway and @entity8189 / @entity10610 complex in @entity2867 cells.

title: @entity3089 induces growth inhibition and apoptosis of @entity1 XXXX cells through suppression of @entity470 / @entity3963 pathway and @entity8189 / @entity10610 complex.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Innate immune system dysfunction is common in advanced @entity82 , with a central role of the monocyte/macrophage system. Monocytes and macrophages express the scavenger receptor @entity11772 , which is regulated by inflammatory mediators. Cleavage of the receptor leads to the formation of soluble (s) @entity11772 that represents an anti-inflammatory response. We aimed to study the clinical importance of sCD163 in @entity82 . METHODS: Sera of 378 @entity1 were assayed for sCD163 by ELISA [193 outpatients and 185 @entity1 with @entity697 ( @entity697 )]. A 5-year follow-up observational study was conducted to assess the possible association between sCD163 level and poor disease outcomes. RESULTS: sCD163 level was associated with disease severity, but not with the presence of varices or prior variceal @entity548 . In outpatients, sCD163 level did not predict the development of @entity66 or the long-term mortality. In @entity1 with @entity697 episode, sCD163 level was significantly higher compared to outpatients but only in the presence of @entity2348 ( @entity281 ) ( @entity697 - @entity281 :4586, @entity697 -NON- @entity281 :3792 and outpatients: 3538 ng/ml, P < 0.015 and P = 0.001, respectively). sCD163 level gradually increased according to severity of @entity281 . During @entity2348 , high sCD163 level (>7000 ng/ml) was associated with increased mortality rate (42% vs. 17%, P < 0.001) and was identified as an independent predictor of 28-day mortality (hazard ratio:2.96, 95% confidence intervals:1.27-6.95) in multivariate Cox-regression model comprising aetiology, co-morbidity, model for @entity3851 score and leucocyte count as covariates. CONCLUSIONS: High sCD163 level is useful to identify @entity1 with high-risk of @entity204 during an @entity697 episode complicated by @entity2348 . This finding serves as an additional hint towards the significance of anti-inflammatory response during @entity2348 .

title: Macrophage activation marker, soluble @entity11772 , is an independent predictor of short-term mortality in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute decompensation', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-specific complications']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections', 'bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['INF', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: CD3- large granular lymphocyte (LGL) express constitutive levels of functional @entity3647 . @entity2533 inhibited several @entity3647 -mediated events in LGL, including @entity1199 -induced NK and lymphokine-activating factor activities, @entity379 gene expression and secretion, and @entity2902 expression. @entity2533 inhibited these @entity1199 -induced LGL functions in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. By contrast, @entity2533 had little effect on LGL @entity3647 expression and @entity2533 receptors were not induced by @entity1199 . Studies were performed to examine binding and internalization of radiolabeled @entity1199 . These experiments demonstrated that the rapid binding and internalization of [125I] @entity1199 was not altered in CD3- LGL pretreated with @entity2533 . These internalization studies indicated that the @entity2533 inhibition represented postreceptor-binding events in NK cells. Further studies were initiated to examine signaling events in CD3- LGL. When @entity1199 -induced @entity669 phosphorylation events were examined, significant inhibition was seen of selected phosphoproteins in @entity2533 -pretreated cells. In addition, the ability of @entity2533 to also inhibit @entity1199 induction of LGL @entity2902 and @entity379 mRNA expression was consistent with the hypothesis that posttranscriptional mechanisms were unlikely to be affected by @entity2533 . Collectively, these data indicated that @entity2533 inhibited @entity1199 -induced CD3- LGL functions and suggested that @entity2533 inhibition occurs either at the level of specific @entity669 phosphorylation and/or @entity1199 -induced transcriptional control factors.

title: Mechanistic studies of transforming growth factor-beta inhibition of @entity1199 -dependent activation of CD3- large granular lymphocyte functions. Regulation of XXXX ( @entity3647 ) signal transduction.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity3647 :: (3560,Gene) :: ['IL-2R beta']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) against @entity0 cell invasion and @entity3 in C3H @entity19 and the underlying mechanism. The C3 @entity19 @entity0 model was established, and the @entity19 were then randomly divided into four groups: normal saline group, LMWH group, @entity632 positive control group and the combination group (LMWH combined with @entity632 ). Twelve days after inoculation, drug treatment was initiated. During the one-month period of drug administration, @entity5 growth curves were recorded. At the end of the treatment period, the @entity19 were sacrificed and the solid @entity5 tissue and lung were removed. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H_E) staining was used to observe the overall changes in @entity5 cell morphology and lung @entity3 following the treatment. A terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was used for detection of apoptosis in @entity5 cells, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to determine the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ). The @entity5 growth curves demonstrated that the overall growth of the combination group was less compared with that of the other three groups, indicating that LMWH inhibited the growth of the @entity5 . H_E staining showed that the area of @entity5 cell @entity39 in the combination group was significantly greater compared with that in the other groups, and less @entity3 was observed in the lung. The results from the TUNEL staining demonstrated that there was an increase in the number of blue-black apoptotic cells, and the expression of @entity1611 was significantly reduced in the combination group compared with the other three groups. Therefore, this indicates that LMWH, combined with @entity632 significantly reduced the growth of @entity0 cells in C3H @entity19 . The results suggest that the mechanism may be associated with @entity0 cell apoptosis and inhibition of @entity1611 expression.

title: Combination therapy with low molecular weight heparin and @entity632 results in XXXX cell @entity3 in C3H @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['decreased breast cancer']


abstract: The laminar structure and cellular distribution of cytochrome-oxidase (CO) reactivity in supragranular puffs of striate cortex was examined in adult macaque monkeys surviving various periods of monocular enucleation, lid suture, and retinal impulse blockage with @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ). Enucleation and @entity4524 produced a rapid and severe loss in the size of the CO reactive region in puffs dominated by the removed or treated eye compared to slower and less marked reductions obtained in deprived puffs of lid-sutured monkeys. In all deprived animals, the cross-sectional areas of deprived puffs decreased most rapidly in the upper layers (2 and 3A). In long-term enucleated (60 wks) and @entity4524 -treated (4 wks) monkeys, puff area was severely reduced in layer 3B, while reactivity in layer 3B appeared partially spared in lid-sutured monkeys. The density of the CO reaction product was significantly and evenly reduced throughout deprived puffs for all of the monkeys examined; however, this decrease was less severe in adult monkeys lid-sutured for 11 wks. Although no evidence for cell loss was obtained, all three forms of @entity227 led to lower counts of neuronal perikarya with high levels of CO reaction product in both deprived puff and interpuff areas. This effect was less marked in the deprived puffs of monkeys lid-sutured for 2.5 and 3 yrs, suggesting recovery of CO activity in some neurons. Neurons in deprived puffs and interpuffs were generally similar in size to those in nondeprived regions, although CO-reactive cells were significantly smaller in the deprived puffs of monkeys enucleated for 28.5 or 60 wks. These results indicate that the metabolic response of neuronal elements in supragranular striate cortex depends upon the nature of the @entity227 . The partial sparing of CO reactivity in deprived puffs of lid-sutured monkeys may reflect the continued transmission of certain types of visual stimuli through a closed eyelid.

title: Effects of monocular enucleation, XXXX , and lid suture on cytochrome-oxidase reactivity in supragranular puffs of adult macaque striate cortex.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deficit', 'visual deprivation']

answer: @entity1022 :: (MESH:D013779,Chemical) :: ['tetrodotoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Guided tissue regeneration procedures provide predictable reconstruction of periodontal tissues in the treatment of furcation involvements in animals and @entity1 . This study was to compare long-term effectiveness of two different types of @entity7049 ( @entity1989 ) membranes on periodontal regeneration in surgically created @entity6876 in @entity235 . METHODS: Full @entity121 was raised on the buccal aspects of the experimental teeth and @entity6876 having 5 mm vertical dimensions were created on mandibular premolar III and IV on each quadrant. The exposed root surfaces were thoroughly planed and @entity1989 membranes were placed over the experimental defects on both sites. One site received liquid polymer membrane (LPM), and resorbable periodontal mesh (RPM) membranes were applied to the other site. The animals were sacrificed at 7 months after surgery and the specimens were processed for histological evaluation. RESULTS: The average length of new attachment formed on the treated roots in both groups ranged from 3.02 mm to 4.5 mm. Complete bone filling was observed at the furcation sites. No statistically significant differences were found between two membranes in any of the parameters (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates favorable regenerative outcomes by the use of two different types of @entity1989 membranes that could be used as alternatives for guided tissue regeneration (GTR).

title: Evaluation of periodontal healing in XXXX following guided tissue regeneration with two different types of @entity7049 membranes.

entities_list: @entity6876 :: ('MESH:D017823', 'Disease') :: ['class II furcation defects']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactic acid']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['thickness mucoperiosteal flap']

answer: @entity6876 :: (MESH:D017823,Disease) :: ['class II furcation defects']


abstract: PURPOSE: The vast majority of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) occur in @entity1 with underlying @entity409 , making surgical resection available to only a subset of @entity1 with adequate hepatic reserve. This study analyzes the authors' results with bland @entity1416 combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or percutaneous @entity1068 injection (PEIT) compared with surgical resection for the treatment of solitary @entity157 up to 7 cm in size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of all @entity1 undergoing either surgical resection or bland embolization combined with local ablation for solitary @entity157 between January 1996 and August 2002 was performed. Progression-free survival rate and overall survival rate were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 40 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection and 33 @entity1 who underwent embolization and ablation. Age, gender, and size of the treated lesion were not significantly different between the groups. The embolization/ablation group had more @entity1 classified as Okuda stage II (P<.001). The surgical group had a longer median recurrence-free survival rate (53.1 vs 25.1 months). With a median follow-up of 23 months, the 1-, 3- and 5-year actuarial overall survival rates were 97%, 77%, and 56% for the embolization/ablation group and 81%, 70%, and 58% for the surgical group, respectively. There was no statistical difference in overall survival rates (P=.20). CONCLUSIONS: Bland @entity1416 in combination with ablation is effective in treating solitary @entity157 lesions up to 7 cm and achieves similar overall survival rates to surgical resection in selected @entity1 .

title: Comparison of survival rates after bland XXXX and ablation versus surgical resection for treating @entity157 up to 7 cm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity1416 :: (MESH:D020762,Disease) :: ['arterial embolization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3440 composites have been found to enhance the mechanical properties of scaffolds and to support growth of @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hADSCs) both in vitro and in vivo. Silica ( @entity3440 alone) exists as differently sized particles when suspended in culture medium, but it is not clear whether particle size influences the beneficial effect of @entity3440 on hADSCs. In this study, we examined the effect of different sized particles on growth and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in hADSCs. METHODS: Silica gel was prepared by a chemical reaction using @entity5836 and @entity36523 , washed, sterilized, and suspended in serum-free culture medium for 48 hours, and then sequentially filtered through a 0.22  m filter (filtrate containing nanoparticles smaller than 220 nm; @entity3440 NPs). hADSCs were incubated with @entity3440 NPs or 3  m @entity3440 microparticles (MPs), examined by transmission electron microscopy, and assayed for cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. RESULTS: Eighty-nine percent of the @entity3440 NPs were around 50-120 nm in size. When hADSCs were treated with the study particles, @entity3440 NPs were observed in endocytosed vacuoles in the cytosol of hADSCs, but @entity3440 MPs showed no cell entry. Silica NPs increased the proliferation of hADSCs, but @entity3440 MPs had no significant effect in this regard. Instead, @entity3440 MPs induced slight apoptosis. Silica NPs increased phosphorylation of @entity1366 , while @entity3440 MPs increased phosphorylation of @entity3963 . Silica NPs had no effect on phosphorylation of Janus kinase or @entity3963 . Pretreatment with @entity4286 , a @entity8047 inhibitor, prevented the @entity1366 phosphorylation and proliferation induced by @entity3440 NPs. CONCLUSION: Scaffolds containing @entity3440 for tissue engineering may enhance cell growth through @entity1366 activation only when NPs around 50-120 nm in size are included, and single component @entity3440 -derived NPs could be useful for bioscaffolds in stem cell therapy.

title: Silica nanoparticles increase XXXX adipose tissue-derived stem cell proliferation through @entity1366 activation.

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity36523 :: ('MESH:C005691', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium silicate']

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicon dioxide', 'silica', 'silicon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1366 :: ('5595;5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2', 'ERK1/2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of preinjury @entity1229 use in a large national sample of @entity130 @entity1 and to define the relationship between preinjury @entity1229 use and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The National @entity130 Databank (7.1). @entity1 : All @entity1 admitted to eligible @entity130 centers during the study period; 1,230,422 @entity1 (36,270 @entity1229 users) from 402 centers were eligible for analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity1229 use and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for mortality associated with preinjury @entity1229 use. RESULTS: @entity1229 use increased among all @entity1 from 2.3% in 2002 to 4.0% in 2006 (P < .001), and in @entity1 older than 65 years, use increased from 7.3% in 2002 to 12.8% in 2006 (P < .001). Among all @entity1 , 9.3% of @entity1229 users died compared with only 4.8% of nonusers (OR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-2.10; P < .001). After adjusting for important covariates, @entity1229 use was associated with increased mortality among all @entity1 (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.63-1.81; P < .001) and @entity1 65 years and older (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.30-1.47; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 use is common among injured @entity1 and its prevalence has increased each year since 2002. Its use is a powerful marker of mortality risk, and even after adjusting for confounding comorbidities, it is associated with a significant increase in death.

title: Prevalence and implications of preinjury @entity1229 use: an analysis of the National XXXX Databank.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: To explore the efficacy of psychological interventions (PI) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). In total 120 @entity0 @entity1 who were treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University were randomly divided into PI group (n  =  40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill and psychological interventions), anti- @entity148 / @entity308 medication (AADM) group (n  =  40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill and @entity903 ), and control group (n  =  40; treated with oral XiaoYao Pill) and the treatment lasted for 1  year. Before the treatment and 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment, the changes in the psychological indicators were measured using Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), Hamilton @entity148 Scale (HAMA), @entity308 ( @entity308 ), and Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), as well as the physiological indicators including @entity53 , prolactin, and @entity1420 were determined. The overall response rates were evaluated at the end of the treatment, and the relapse rates were calculated during the 1-year follow-up. The @entity308 and HAMA scores were declined in all three groups. The scores of TAS and WCQ negative coping subscales showed a declining trend after treatment for the AADM and PI groups. Compared to the control and PI groups, the HAMA and @entity308 scores were significantly lower in the AADM group 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment (P  <  0.05). The scores of TAS and WCQ negative coping subscales were significantly lower in AADM group but were significantly higher than those in PI group and lower than the control group 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment (P  <  0.05). The HAMA and @entity308 scores were significantly lower in PI group than in control group 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment (P  <  0.05). After the initiation of treatment, the @entity53 and prolactin levels decreased while the @entity1420 levels increased in all three groups. Compared with the control group and AADM group, the PI group had significantly higher @entity53 and prolactin levels and higher @entity1420 levels 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment (P  <  0.05). Compared with the control group, the AADM group had significantly lower levels of @entity53 and prolactin and higher @entity1420 levels 4, 8, and 12  months after the initiation of treatment (P  <  0.05). The overall response rate was not significantly different for both PI group and AADM group (P  >  0.05), while the relapse rate was significantly lower in the PI group than the control and AADM groups (P  <  0.05). However, the relapse rate did not significantly differ between the control group and AADM group (P  >  0.05). PI can effectively improve the psychological status of @entity0 @entity1 and restore the disordered endocrine system. The efficacy lasts for long and the relapse rate is lower. Therefore, it could be an effective method for treating @entity0 .

title: Efficacy of Psychological Interventions for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hamilton Depression Scale', 'depression', 'HAMD']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast hyperplasia', 'BH']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Hyperplasia']


abstract: Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of making the mosquito ovitrap lethal to @entity4224 (L.) when they attempt to oviposit in the trap. Heavy-weight velour paper strips (2.54 x 11 cm) were used as an alternative to the wooden paddle normally provided as a substrate for mosquito oviposition. The paper strips were pretreated with insecticide solutions and allowed to dry before being used in oviposition cups of 473 ml capacity, filled with water initially to within 2.5 cm of the brim. Insecticides chosen for their quick knock-down efficacy were bendiocarb 76% WP (1.06 mg a.i./strip) and four @entity312 : @entity315 25% WP (0.16 mg a.i./strip), deltamethin 4.75% SC (0.87 mg a.i./strip), @entity5179 40% WP (2.81 mg a.i./strip), and @entity317 20% WP (0.57 mg a.i./ strip). For experimental evaluation, two oviposition cups (one with an insecticide-treated strip and one with an untreated strip) were placed in cages (cubic 30 cm) with gravid female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes (aged 6-8 days) from a susceptible laboratory strain. Mortality-rates of female mosquitoes were 45% for bendiocarb, 47% for @entity315 , 98% for @entity316 , 100% for @entity5179 , and 100% for @entity317 . Young instar larvae added to the treated cups died within 2h. After water evaporation from the cups for 38 days, fresh mosquito females had access to previously submerged portions of the velour paper paddle, and mortality rates of 59% or more occurred. Cups that had water (360 ml) dripped into them, to simulate rain, produced female mosquito mortality rates of > 50% and all larvae died within 3 h of being added. These tests demonstrate that the ovitrap can be made lethal to both adults and larvae by insecticidal treatment of the ovistrip. Field efficacy trials are underway in Brazil to access the impact of this simple, low-cost, environmentally benign approach on populations of the dengue vector Ae. aegypti.

title: Laboratory testing of a lethal ovitrap for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity317 :: ('MESH:C052570', 'Chemical') :: ['cyfluthrin']

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity5179 :: ('MESH:C017160', 'Chemical') :: ['cypermethrin']

entities_list: @entity316 :: ('MESH:C017180', 'Chemical') :: ['deltamethrin']

entities_list: @entity315 :: ('MESH:D026023', 'Chemical') :: ['permethrin']

entities_list: @entity312 :: ('MESH:D011722', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrethroids']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Clinical characterization of a Swedish family followed for five generations. Several members of each generation had @entity195 ( @entity601 ). Possible modes of genetic transmission were assessed. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective family survey. SETTING: University hospital. Tertiary referral center. @entity1 : Members of a large family in which several members in each generation were affected by @entity601 . INTERVENTIONS: Hearing levels were assessed, and the @entity1 were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding age at onset, @entity393 , @entity392 , aural fullness, vertigo, and if @entity601 was unilateral or bilateral. @entity653 tests were performed in a few cases. For deceased relatives, information was obtained from @entity1 charts and interviews with relatives. Genetic studies with linkage analysis was performed for the loci @entity12611 , DFNA6/14, @entity33532 , and @entity61171 . RESULTS: One member of Generation I and, according to @entity1 charts, two members of Generation II could have suffered from @entity601 . In Generations III to V, 9 of 25 members developed @entity389 . Six of these individuals developed @entity601 that was strictly in accordance with American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 1995 guidelines criteria, whereas three individuals had unilateral or bilateral @entity393 , one in combination with benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo, which could represent an incomplete expression of the disease. The mean age at disease onset was 64.5 years in Generation III, 43 years in Generation IV, and 25 years in Generation V. In the genetic studies, none of the regions investigated showed linkage to the disease gene with a significant calculated log of odds ratio (LOD) score above three. CONCLUSION: The pattern of inheritance suggested that @entity601 was autosomal dominant and exhibited incomplete expression of @entity389 in some affected members. The decreasing age at onset of disease with succeeding generations could indicate anticipation. None of the hitherto-known DFNA loci, which has phenotypes bearing some resemblance to @entity601 , had haplotypes in common with this large family affected by @entity601 .

title: Familial XXXX in five generations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerol']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'familial MD']

entities_list: @entity389 :: ('MESH:D007759', 'Disease') :: ['inner ear dysfunction', 'inner ear symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['M  ni  re's disease']


abstract: @entity1 NHIK 3025 cells, synchronized by mitotic selection, were given 2 mM @entity1014 , which inhibited DNA synthesis without reducing the rate of protein accumulation. After removal of the @entity1014 the cells proceeded towards mitosis and cell division, with an S duration 2 hours shorter than, but a G2 and M duration nearly identical to that of the control cells. If @entity1880 (1.25 muM) was present together with @entity1014 , no net protein accumulation took place during the treatment, and the subsequent duration of S, G2, and M was similar to that of untreated cells. The shortening of S seen after treatment with @entity1014 alone would therefore indicate that the rate of DNA synthesis depended on the amount of some preaccumulated protein. The postreplicative period in @entity1014 -treated cells was lengthened by @entity1880 treatment although the protein content had already been doubled. This suggests that proteins required for the traverse of this part of the cell cycle might have to be synthesized after completion of DNA replication. Shortly after removal of @entity1014 , the rate of protein accumulation declined markedly, indicating the existence of some mechanism for negative control of cell mass. In addition, the daughters of @entity1014 -treated cells had their cell cycle shortened by 2 hours. As a result, the cells had returned to balanced growth already in the first cell cycle following the induction of unbalanced growth. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that NHIK 3025 cells might require a minimum time in order to traverse the cell cycle, which is independent of cell mass.

title: The relation between protein accumulation and cell cycle traverse of XXXX NHIK 3025 cells in unbalanced growth.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to better understand the high variability in response seen when treating @entity1 subjects with restorative therapies poststroke. Preclinical studies suggest that neural function, @entity130 , and clinical status each influence treatment gains; therefore, the current study hypothesized that a multivariate approach incorporating these 3 measures would have the greatest predictive value. METHODS: @entity1 3 to 6 months poststroke underwent a battery of assessments before receiving 3 weeks of standardized upper extremity robotic therapy. Candidate predictors included measures of @entity1545 (including to gray and white matter), neural function (cortical function and cortical connectivity), and clinical status (demographics/medical history, cognitive/mood, and impairment). RESULTS: Among all 29 @entity1 , predictors of treatment gains identified measures of @entity1545 (smaller corticospinal tract [CST] injury), cortical function (greater ipsilesional motor cortex [M1] activation), and cortical connectivity (greater interhemispheric M1-M1 connectivity). Multivariate modeling found that best prediction was achieved using both CST injury and M1-M1 connectivity (r(2)    =   0.44, p   =   0.002), a result confirmed using Lasso regression. A threshold was defined whereby no subject with >63% CST injury achieved clinically significant gains. Results differed according to @entity64 subtype; gains in @entity1 with @entity64 were best predicted by a measure of intrahemispheric connectivity. INTERPRETATION: Response to a restorative therapy after @entity64 is best predicted by a model that includes measures of both @entity130 and function. Neuroimaging measures were the best predictors and may have an ascendant role in clinical decision making for poststroke rehabilitation, which remains largely reliant on behavioral assessments. Results differed @entity64 subtypes, suggesting the utility of lesion-specific strategies. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:132-145.

title: Neural function, injury, and XXXX subtype predict treatment gains after @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'across stroke']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present general plasticizer @entity5248 in @entity2634 ( @entity2634 ) blood bags is only physically dispersed in @entity2634 and will therefore leach into blood components. The objective of this study was to perform a first preliminary red blood cell (RBC) storage evaluation in a new blood bag manufactured of @entity29164 without any inclusion of potentially migrating substances. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a RBC storage study for 42 days. Blood collection was performed in a @entity29164 -based @entity2634 -free blood bag. RBCs were prepared within 8 h. Two different RBC additive solutions were used, either PAGGS-M or PAGGG-M. We weekly measured pH, @entity3529 , @entity413 , @entity880 , haemolysis, red cell @entity855 and @entity6297 . RESULTS: RBC storage in PAGGS-M resulted in high haemolysis levels already after 21 days, exceeding the European maximum limit of 0  8%, and low @entity855 levels by the end of the storage period. With PAGGG-M, haemolysis exceeded 0  8% after 28 days of storage. For additional parameters, the results were comparable to those of previous studies in conventional blood bags. CONCLUSION: This is a first preliminary study of RBC storage in a new type of blood bags. PAGGG-M gave encouraging results except for its inability to prevent increased haemolysis. There will be room for further development of RBC additive solutions to address the haemolysis problems. Plasma should also be tested regarding the stability of coagulation and activation pathway variables. There may also be a potential for future use of the bag for preparation of pooled buffy-coat-derived platelets.

title: Storage of red blood cells in a novel XXXX blood container: a pilot in vitro study.

entities_list: @entity29164 :: ('MESH:C035051', 'Chemical') :: ['polyolefin']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['PVC', 'polyvinylchloride']

entities_list: @entity5248 :: ('MESH:D004051', 'Chemical') :: ['di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity29164 :: (MESH:C035051,Chemical) :: ['polyolefin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity995 remains a challenge to the multidisciplinary team, particularly as treatment affects not only visual outcomes, but also ocular retention and morbidity. @entity995 has evolved over the past two decades. OBJECTIVES: To report the result of intra-ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (IAC) for the treatment of refractory and advanced @entity995 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 who had failed to respond adequately to previous treatments and six naive @entity1 with advanced @entity995 , receiving IAC between 2009 and 2012, were included in this institutional interventional case series. The @entity1 received 1-2 treatments of IAC given 4-8 weeks apart. Complete response was defined as regressed @entity5 and complete disappearance of seeding clinically and partial response was defined as partial regression of the @entity5 with live parts of the @entity5 and/or lessening of seeds, but not complete disappearance of them clinically. RESULTS: A total of 24 eyes of 24 @entity1 were treated with IAC during the study period. The mean age at the time of IAC was 38.9 months (14-120 months), and the mean follow-up was 16.8 months (3-36 months) after IAC. Tumor control was achieved in 14 eyes (58.3%). Type 3 (combined fleshy and calcified remnants) was the most common type of regression (37.5%). Complications included @entity548 in nine eyes (37.5%), @entity432 in two (8.3%), cyclitic membrane possibly secondary to @entity63 and tractional @entity1713 in one @entity1 (4.2%), @entity5066 in three (12.5%) @entity1 , and @entity2297 in one eye (4.2%). In eight (33.3%) @entity1 , no complication happened. Globe salvage was achieved in 62.5% of the cases. The success rate for naive @entity1 was 84%. Sixty-seven percent of the cases received transpupillary thermotherapy and cryotherapy before IAC. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-ophthalmic artery melphalan is an effective treatment for advanced cases of @entity995 , with a reasonable level of success. In the short follow up period of this study, it appears that the primary cases showed better results in the control of @entity5 .

title: Outcome of XXXX following limited sessions of intra-arterial chemotherapy in iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['vitreous hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma tumors', 'Management of retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['retinoblastoma']


abstract: The @entity10402 transhydrogenase of @entity526 is composed of two types of subunits, alpha and beta. Trypsin digestion of the purified enzyme generates fragments of the alpha subunit. The beta subunit is uncleaved unless @entity1110 (H) is present (Tong, R.C.W., Glavas, N.A. and Bragg. P.D. (1991) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1080, 19-28). Purified transhydrogenase bound to either @entity2125 - or @entity1110 -agarose was treated with trypsin. The alpha subunit was cleaved to 16, 29 and 43 kDa fragments in both cases. The beta subunit remained bound to @entity2125 -agarose but was released as two cleavage fragments (25 and 30 kDa) from @entity1110 -agarose. The beta subunit of the transhydrogenase bound to @entity62626 was cleaved by trypsin in the presence of @entity1110 (H) to yield 25 and 30 kDa fragments of the beta subunit. These results suggest that the beta subunit contains two @entity10402 -binding sites.

title: Evidence for the presence of two @entity10402 -binding sites on the beta subunit of the XXXX @entity10402 transhydrogenase.

entities_list: @entity10402 :: ('CHEBI:36980', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity62626 :: ('MESH:C030573', 'Chemical') :: ['NAD-agarose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 is a common adverse event frequently found in renal transplant recipients with @entity20771 ( @entity25789 ). @entity5052 itself will be a cause of @entity8 , and @entity8 also will be a cause of @entity5052 simultaneously. This study investigates frequency of @entity5052 and @entity177 in renal transplant recipients treated with high-dose @entity25789 . @entity1 AND METHODS: From December 2007 to October 2015, there was a total of 32 living related renal transplant recipients treated with high-dose @entity25789 . Of the 32 @entity1 , 28 were treated with @entity414 -lowering medications. RESULTS: One @entity1 received @entity208 (AP) and 13 @entity1 received @entity11368 (BB). For 6 of them, their urate-lowering medications were converted to @entity20082 (FX) form AP or BB. In the remaining 14 @entity1 , FX was administered from the beginning. In 2 cases of ABO-incompatible living related renal transplant recipients who were maintained with high-dose @entity25789 and BB, severe @entity5052 and @entity810 occurred. One @entity1 was a 48-year-old @entity1 , and his @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ) level increased to 8.14 mg/dL and his serum @entity414 (UA) was 24.6 mg/dL. Another @entity1 was a 57-year-old @entity1 , and his @entity8818 level increased to 3.59 mg/dL and his UA was 13.2 mg/dL. In both cases @entity8818 and UA were improved, and no finding of acute rejection and drug @entity137 was observed in graft biopsy specimens. BB was switched to FX and discontinuance or reduction of @entity25789 was done. CONCLUSION: Combination of @entity25789 and BB has the risk of acute @entity8 after renal transplantation. Latent @entity8 should be watched for in renal transplant recipients receiving high-dose @entity25789 .

title: @entity5052 and @entity810 in Renal Transplant Recipients Treated With High-Dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity20771 :: ('MESH:C010052', 'Chemical') :: ['mizoribine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid', 'urate']

answer: @entity20771 :: (MESH:C010052,Chemical) :: ['Mizoribine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pericytes (PC) have a unique synergistic relationship with microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) in the regulation of capillary permeability. This study investigates the effect of @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 on the microvasculature by measuring changes in PC contractility, and also, albumin permeability across MVEC/PC co-cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semi-permeable inserts were plated first with @entity35 lung MVEC and then PCs (on the fourth day) at a ratio of 10:1 MVEC/PC. On day 5, 50 ng/ml of @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 were added with or without a secretory phospholipase A(2)-IIA (sPLA(2)-IIA) inhibitor for 24 h. After treatments, albumin clearances were quantified. For measuring contractility, PCs were cultured on collagen matrices and exposed for 24 h to @entity1505 , @entity3426 , and @entity568 at 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, and 50 ng/ml with/without inhibitors for sPLA(2)-IIA, phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), and @entity4665 ( @entity4665 ). After treatments, the surface area of the collagen disks was digitally quantified. RESULTS: @entity1505 and @entity3426 significantly increased albumin clearance in MVEC/PC co-cultures (P < 0.05) and induced dose-dependent relaxation of PCs (P < 0.05). PC relaxation was completely attenuated with the sPLA(2)-IIA and pLA(2) inhibitors; the @entity4665 inhibitor provided partial blockade. @entity568 had no effect on PC contractility or permeability. CONCLUSION: @entity1505 and @entity3426 directly increased microvascular permeability in co-cultures. They also induced relaxation of PCs through a sPLA(2)-IIA dependent mechanism. Interestingly, @entity568 had no effect, although its presence in high levels has been demonstrated in inflamed lungs. These findings may help elucidate the significance of PC in regulating the capillary response to various pro-inflammatory cytokines.

title: @entity1505 and XXXX increase pericyte/endothelial cell co-culture permeability.

answer: @entity3426 :: (24494(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['IL-1beta']


abstract: Adult @entity71 is a frequent @entity146 affecting relevant aspects of an individual's life. The aim of our study group was to carry out the first randomized controlled multicenter study to evaluate the effects of psychotherapy compared to clinical management in combination with psychopharmacological treatment with @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) or placebo (Plac) in a factorial four-arm design. Here, we present the enrollment procedure and description of adult @entity71 @entity1 recruited for the trial. Four hundred and thirty-three adult @entity1 with @entity71 were randomized at seven study sites in Germany to four treatment conditions: manualized dialectical-behavioral-therapy-based group psychotherapy (GPT) plus @entity7541 or Plac, or clinical management (CM) including supportive counseling plus @entity7541 or Plac with weekly sessions in the first 12 weeks and monthly sessions thereafter. Assessment for eligibility included standardized scales and instruments. After prescreening of 1,480 @entity1 , 518 were evaluated for trial participation and 433 were randomized. The main reasons for prescreening failure were lack of interest in participating (n = 205), difficulties in meeting the time and effort requirements for participation (n = 186), and contraindications for psychopharmacological treatment with @entity7541 (n = 194). The full analysis set (FAS) comprised 419 adult @entity71 @entity1 (mean age 35.2 years, males/females 1:1). Fifty-seven percent of the @entity1 suffered from the combined @entity71 subtype. Prevalence of at least one current or lifetime axis-I comorbidity was 66 %. Axis-II comorbidity rates was 18 % ( @entity1 with comorbid borderline and @entity10420 were excluded). Our network was able to recruit an adult @entity71 sample essentially comparable to community samples. A selection bias was created by excluding @entity1 unable or unwilling to participate, or who had somatic and psychiatric contraindications for stimulant treatment (Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54096201, FUNDING: Federal Ministry of Education and Research 01GV0606).

title: A randomized controlled multicenter trial on the multimodal treatment of adult XXXX : enrollment and characteristics of the study sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10420 :: ('MESH:D000987', 'Disease') :: ['antisocial personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ) for symptomatic @entity849 in @entity12040 ( @entity12040 ). METHODS: From January 2009 to December 2012, clinical data of 14 @entity1 [mean age 33.9    9.3 yrs; 11 @entity1 female (78.6%)] with symptomatic @entity849 in @entity12040 underwent @entity865 and were analyzed prospectively. RESULTS: @entity865 was successfully performed in 22 lesions of 14 @entity1 . Among those lesions, 18 were treated by @entity865 alone while the others were treated with stent implantation. Three @entity1 (21.4%) had reperfusion @entity651 @entity1 recovered completely while the other died of @entity1576 3 days after the procedure. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) decreased from 53.4    15.8 mmHg to 38.4    12.7 mmHg immediately after intervention (p < 0.001). After an average of 29 months of followup, the New York Heart Association functional class and 6-min walking distances improved while mean PAP measured by echocardiography decreased significantly (compared with baseline, all p < 0.01). One @entity1 died of severe @entity358 and @entity299 at 28 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: The study showed that @entity865 improved subjective symptoms and objective variables of the @entity1 with symptomatic @entity849 in @entity12040 , with an acceptable mortality. @entity865 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for symptomatic @entity849 in @entity12040 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for symptomatic XXXX in @entity12040 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary injury; 2']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['TA', 'Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac shock']

answer: @entity849 :: (MESH:D011666,Disease) :: ['pulmonary stenosis']


abstract: AIM: In course of @entity1575 , esophageal varices develop with an incidence of 8-15% a year, and they constitute a sign of seriousness of portal @entity101 . The risk of @entity548 is estimated around 10-15% a year. The @entity548 causes a high rate of mortality (around 30-35% for every hemorrhagic event). It follows that it is necessary to plan prophylactic strategies for all the cirrhotic @entity1 , who are at risk of @entity548 , or have already bled. Medical treatment with beta-blockers is indicated in the prophylaxis of the first @entity548 , while endoscopic treatment represents now the most effective methodology either in @entity548 , or in the prophylaxis of @entity548 relapses. The available endoscopic methodologies are the @entity1463 or band ligation of esophageal varices. However, unanimous consent about the greater effectiveness of a methodology compared to the other one doesn't exist. As far as the varices eradication is concerned, the authors have done a research to verify if the combined techniques, proposed in various studies appeared in literature, can have some advantages, in comparison with the single methodologies. METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 have been treated: 27 only with @entity1463 and 10 with combined methodology (band-ligation followed by @entity1463 of the small residual varices). RESULTS: The group treated with the combined therapy have shown a reduction in relapses and in the main side effects and a better @entity1 ' compliance. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the two methodologies can have some advantages as for security, easiness of execution, reduction in complications, in varices relapse and, therefore, in the hemorrhagic relapses.

title: The combined endoscopic therapy (band ligation and @entity1463 ) in the eradication of the esophageal varices in the cirrhotic XXXX : our experience.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'varices hemorrhage', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) in a large population-based setting. Materials and methods. @entity1 with @entity150 (stage Ta, T1 or @entity189 in situ) diagnosed in 2004-2007 (n = 5839) in Sweden were investigated 5 years after diagnosis using a questionnaire. Differences in time to recurrence and progression were analysed in relation to age, gender, @entity5 stage and grade, intravesical treatment, healthcare region, and hospital volume of NMIBC @entity1 (stratified in three equally large groups). Results. Local bladder recurrence and progression occurred in 50 and 9% of the @entity1 , respectively. The rate of local recurrence was 56% in the southern healthcare region compared to 37% in the northern region. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for age, gender, @entity5 stage and grade, intravesical treatment, healthcare region and hospital volume, showed that recurrence was associated with TaG2 and T1 disease, no intravesical treatment and treatment in the southern healthcare region, but indicated a lower risk of recurrence in the northern healthcare region. Adjusting for the same factors in a multivariate analysis suggested that increased relative risk of progression correlated with older age, higher @entity5 stage and grade, and diagnosis in the Uppsala/  rebro healthcare region, whereas such risk was decreased by intravesical treatment (relative risk 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.55-0.93, p = 0.012). Conclusions. The incidence of NMIBC recurrence and progression was found to be high in Sweden, and important disparities in outcome related to care patterns appear to exist between different healthcare regions.

title: Local recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive XXXX in Sweden: a population-based follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 and @entity308 have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiac morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity741 . Increased susceptibility to platelet activation has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which @entity308 acts as a significant risk factor for @entity715 events. In this review, data on platelet activation and @entity1423 measures in @entity308 @entity1 with or without concomitant @entity65 are given. Data on the influence of antidepressants on parameters of platelet activation are summarized. METHODS: A literature search was done by checking MEDLINE Advanced and PsycInfo from 1990 to 2003 and through checking the bibliographies of these sources. The following key words were used for this search: platelet activation, @entity1423 , @entity308 , @entity308 , @entity741 , @entity460 , and @entity750 . RESULTS: There is an indication of enhanced platelet activation and aggregation in @entity308 @entity1 . Next, @entity1 with a @entity308 show signs of a hyperactive platelet @entity7601 signal transduction system as measured by increased platelet @entity460 mobilization after stimulation of platelets with @entity750 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 appears to be associated with an increased susceptibility for @entity750 -mediated platelet activation. Upregulation and/or increased sensitivity of 5-HT2A/1B receptors and downregulated @entity750 transporter receptors in the periphery may contribute to increased risk of @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity308 and @entity65 . Increased platelet reactivity based on a hyperreactive @entity7601 signaling system might be influenced by antidepressive medication that antagonizes platelet 5-HT2A receptors.

title: Increased coronary events in @entity65 XXXX : @entity7601 as missing link?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorder', 'depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'Major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']