abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Two groups of 6 @entity35 received dorsolateral funiculotomies followed by direct injection of bone marrow stromal cells (MSC) or mono-nuclear fraction of bone marrow (mnBM). Animals were killed at 4 or 21 days. OBJECTIVE: Cellular transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ); however, most cells need to be cultured before transplantation introducing burdensome steps for clinical application. Cells immediately available for transplantation, like mnBM, would be preferable. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies have shown that MSC transplants promote protection and repair after @entity1566 . MSC are attractive for transplantation because of easy isolation and availability of autologous sources. MSC are derived from whole bone marrow, purified and expanded in culture for a period of at least 2 weeks. Alternatively, mnBM could be used for transplantation. mnBM derived from bone marrow from through simple centrifugation can be reimplantated within hours; however, the presence of immune cells may be problematic. METHODS: Cultured MSC or mnBM from @entity1 donors were acutely transplanted into @entity1566 . After sacrifice, spinal cord sections were histologically analyzed for presence of graft-derived immune cells, host immune response, tissue sparing, @entity66 , and grafting efficacy. RESULTS: mnBM did not give rise to mature immune cells after transplantation into @entity1566 , or evoke an increased host immune response or tissue loss compared to MSC-transplanted animals. In contrast, host macrophage/microglia response was increased early after MSC transplantation, perhaps due to exposure of cells to serum-containing media. The @entity66 was less prominent after mnBM transplantation at day 4. At 21 days, differences had subsided and MSC and mnBM macrophage responses and effects on glial scarring were comparable. MSC and mnBM engraftment efficiencies were also similar. CONCLUSION: The use of mnBM is a viable alternative to MSC for transplantation into @entity1566 and may dramatically ease clinical translation.

title: Transplantation of XXXX marrow stromal cells and mono-nuclear bone marrow cells into the injured spinal cord: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar formation', 'glial scar']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Between April 1979 and May 1989, 86 @entity1 underwent emergency operation for acute @entity1580 . Sixty-four (74.4%) survived. None of the survivors died of late aortic complications. Fifty-eight @entity1 were followed 3 months to 10 years (mean follow-up, 3.2 years) postoperatively with computed tomography and digital subtraction angiography. Dilatation of the distal aorta (diameter size range, 6 to 10.5 cm) developed in 10 @entity1 (17%). Six @entity1 underwent replacement of the descending aorta 1 month to 21 months (mean period, 8.5 months) after @entity1580 repair. Two of them had third-stage thoracoabdominal replacement. In 2 @entity1 , replacement of the descending aorta was scheduled; 1 died before reoperation and 1 refused the procedure. Two @entity1 underwent aortic arch replacement; it is scheduled for another (fourth stage). There were no deaths among the @entity1 having reoperation. The rate of indications for reoperation on the aorta downstream from the original repair 1 month to 6 years 4 months (median time, 9 months) after primary surgical intervention for acute @entity1580 was 24% (14 reoperations in 10 of 58 @entity1 ). This study underscores the importance of close follow-up of @entity1 having operation for acute @entity1580 . Early recognition of progressive downstream aortic pathology permits effective prevention of @entity1755 and timely reoperation.

title: Thoracic aortic aneurysms after acute XXXX : necessity for follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection', 'aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: At 65 years of age, a former coal miner, now 72-years-old, developed a progressive loss of concentration with @entity25 and @entity25 . Work-up in pneumological and medical sleep centres resulted in diagnosis of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), @entity27 and, later, upper @entity1224 . In addition, there was evidence of @entity25 . Neither the initial administration of @entity2544 nor the later use at night of hyperbaric respiration led to improvement in the @entity1 's symptoms. Instead, the @entity1 developed loud snoring, as well as the inability to sleep while in a lying position. At age 71 years, otorhinolaryngological examination resulted in findings of age-related changes in the @entity2582 , that completely blocked the hypopharynx upon inspiration. Polysomnography, which was possible only in a half-seated position, revealed @entity25 , with a maximum @entity26 saturation of 77 per cent at an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) of 4.8. Partial resection of the @entity2582 with laser surgery resulted in complete improvement of diurnal drowsiness and reduced stamina. Sleeping in a supine position again became possible. Polysomnography revealed normalization of sleep architecture, but unchanged, @entity25 . This case underscores the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of sleep-related @entity387 .

title: Age-related changes in the XXXX causing failure of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy.

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['breathing disorders']

entities_list: @entity2582 :: ('MESH:C537690', 'Disease') :: ['epiglottis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['borderline obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['low efficiency of sleep', 'daytime sleepiness', 'reduced efficiency of sleep', 'sleep disturbances', 'reduction in deep sleep']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity2582 :: (MESH:C537690,Disease) :: ['epiglottis']


abstract: Three genetic groups of Holstein-Friesian dairy @entity291 were established from within the Moorepark (Teagasc, Ireland) dairy research herd: LowNA, indicative of the Irish national average-genetic-merit North American Holstein-Friesian; HighNA, high-genetic-merit North American Holstein-Friesian; HighNZ, high-genetic-merit New Zealand Holstein-Friesian. Genetic merit in this study was based on the Irish total merit index, the Economic Breeding Index. Animals from within each genetic group were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 possible post-European Union-milk-quota pasture-based @entity262 ( @entity262 ): 1) The Moorepark (MP) pasture system (2.64 @entity291 /ha and 500 kg of concentrate supplement per @entity291 per lactation) and 2) a high output per hectare (HC) pasture system (2.85 @entity291 /ha and 1,200 kg of concentrate supplement per @entity291 per lactation). A total of 126, 128, and 140 spring-calving dairy @entity291 were used during the years 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Each group had an individual farmlet of 17 paddocks, and all groups were managed similarly throughout the study. The effects of genetic group, @entity262 , and the interaction between genetic group and @entity262 on reproductive performance, body weight, body condition score, and blood metabolite concentrations were studied using mixed models with factorial arrangements of genetic groups and @entity262 . Odds ratios were used in the analysis of binary fertility traits, and survival analysis was used in the analysis of survival after first calving. When treatment means were compared, the HighNA and HighNZ genotypes (with greater genetic merit for fertility performance) had greater first-service pregnancy rates and had a greater proportion of @entity291 pregnant after 42 d of the breeding season than the LowNA group. Both HighNA and HighNZ genotypes were submitted for artificial insemination earlier in the breeding season and had greater survival than the LowNA genotype. There was no significant @entity262 or genotype by @entity262 interactions for any of the reproductive, blood metabolite, body weight, or body condition score measures. The results demonstrate that increased genetic merit for fertility traits resulted in improved reproductive performance and that the poor reproductive capacity of inferior-genetic-merit animals for fertility was not improved through concentrate supplementation at pasture.

title: The influence of genetic selection and feed system on the reproductive performance of spring-calving dairy XXXX within future pasture-based production systems.

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'feeding systems']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity322 and @entity1142 are common and cause a high degree of physical, social and @entity73 . Maximal conservative therapy may improve some @entity1 but many remain symptomatic. Surgical options are often unsatisfactory, with variable result and further options are limited. Sacral nerve stimulation uses electrical stimulation applied to the sacral nerves, eliciting a physiological effect on the lower bowel, anal sphincter and pelvic floor, resulting in clinical benefit. The objective of this study was to investigate whether @entity129 can improve @entity1 with @entity1319 , when current maximal treatment has failed and to investigate the underlying physiological mechanism of action. RESULTS: @entity322 : Nineteen @entity1 , age 58 years (range, 37-71 years), with resistant @entity322 for 6 years (range, 2-21 years) underwent stimulation. Continence improved in all at 24 months (range, 3-60 months), fourteen fully continent. Incontinent @entity2749 decreased; 12 (range, 2-30) versus 0 (range, 0-4), P < 0.001. Urgency (P < 0.01) and quality of life improved (P < 0.05). Anal squeeze pressure (P = 0.001) and rectal sensation (P < 0.01) improved. Constipation: Four @entity1 , (aged 27-36 years) with resistant idiopathic @entity1142 for 8-32 years underwent the first worldwide implants. Symptoms improved in all with temporary, and in three with permanent, stimulation at 8 months (range, 1-11 months). Bowel frequency increased: 1-5 versus 6-28 evacuations/3-weeks. Symptom scores and quality of life improved. Placebo effect: A double-blind, cross-over study was performed to examine placebo effect and efficacy. Once stimulation was removed, in a blinded manner, symptoms, physiological parameters and quality of life measures rapidly returned to baseline levels. Autonomic neuromodulation: Sixteen @entity1 , median age 59 years (range, 38-71 years), were studied at 27 months (range, 2-62 years) using laser Doppler flowmetry. Chronic stimulation was at 2.8 V (range, 0.3-3.9 V). Median flux differed between none and chronic stimulation (P = 0.001). Step-wise increments caused an immediate, dose-dependent rise in flux (P < 0.0001) up to 1.0 V. CONCLUSIONS: This research provides strong evidence that sacral nerve stimulation can improve @entity1 with resistant @entity322 and shows proof-of-concept for the treatment of @entity1142 . The effect is unlikely to be due to placebo and the mechanism is rapidly reversible and involves a dose-dependent effect on the autonomic nerves.

title: @entity129 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['sacral nerve neuromodulation']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence', 'Incontinence']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairment']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of bowel motility']

answer: @entity1319 :: (MESH:D015835,Disease) :: ['lower bowel motility disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study is aimed at identifying potential candidate genes as prognostic markers in @entity1 @entity957 (SCC) by large scale gene expression profiling. METHODS: The gene expression profile of @entity1 (n=37) with @entity957 were analyzed using Affymetrix HG_U95Av2 high-density oligonucleotide arrays. @entity1 (n=20) from which there were available @entity5 and matched normal mucosa were grouped into stage (early vs. late) and @entity66 (node positive vs. node negative) subgroups and genes differentially expressed in @entity5 vs. normal and between the subgroups were identified. Three genes, @entity22408 , @entity27074 , and @entity27075 , were selected for their potential biological significance in a larger cohort of 49 @entity1 via quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Hierarchical clustering analyses failed to show significant segregation of @entity1 . In @entity1 (n=20) with available @entity5 and matched normal mucosa, 77 genes were found to be differentially expressed (P< 0.05) in the @entity5 samples compared to their matched normal controls. Among the 45 over-expressed genes, MMP-1 encoding interstitial collagenase showed the highest level of increase (average: 34.18 folds). Using the criterion of two-fold or greater as overexpression, 30.6%, 24.5% and 26.5% of @entity1 showed high levels of @entity22408 , @entity27074 and @entity27075 , respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated that @entity22408 over-expression correlated with depth of invasion (P<0.0001), @entity5 size (P=0.024), pathological stage (P=0.009) and recurrence (P=0.038). @entity27074 was positively associated with depth of invasion (P=0.015) and advanced T stage (P=0.047). In survival studies, only @entity22408 showed a prognostic value with disease-free (P=0.049), relapse-free (P=0.002) and overall survival (P=0.003). @entity27075 mRNA expression failed to show correlation with any of the relevant parameters. CONCLUSION: The characterization of genes identified to be significant predictors of prognosis by oligonucleotide microarray and further validation by real-time RT-PCR offers a powerful strategy for identification of novel targets for prognostication and treatment of @entity1697 .

title: XXXX gene expression profiling: Identification of novel potential prognosticators by oligonucleotide microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nodal disease']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral tongue carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tongue tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral tongue SCC', 'oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Oral tongue cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the magnitude of Visual Field Index (VFI) change attributable to change in the estimation algorithm from the pattern deviation probability plot (PDPP) to the total deviation probability plot (TDPP) when the @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) crosses -20 decibels (dB). METHODS: In a retrospective study, 37 stable @entity726 in which @entity5494 of the VFs crossed -20 dB were identified. For each eye, a pair of VFs was selected so that one VF of the pair had a @entity5494 better than but close to -20 dB and the other had a @entity5494 worse than but again close to -20 dB. The change in VFI in the VF pairs and its associations with the number of points in probability plots with normal threshold sensitivities were evaluated. Similar pairs of VFs from 28 stable @entity726 where the @entity5494 crossed -10 dB were chosen as controls. RESULTS: The change in VFI in VF pairs when the @entity5494 crossed 20 dB ranged from 3% to 33% (median: 15%), while the change when @entity5494 crossed -10 dB ranged from 1% to 8% (median: 4%). Difference in the number of points with normal threshold sensitivities in PDPP when @entity5494 was better than -20 dB compared to those in TDPP when @entity5494 crossed -20 dB significantly influenced the VFI change (R(2) = 0.65). Considering the eccentricity of these points further explained the VFI change (R(2) = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: The decrease in VFI when @entity5494 crosses -20 dB can be highly variable. This has to be considered with the use of VFI in clinical and research settings.

title: Behavior of visual field index in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma eyes']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['mean deviation', 'MD']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to diagnose @entity9660 ( @entity9660 ) and its pattern using thrombelastometry and to correlate the diagnosis with mortality. Furthermore, routine laboratory based and the rotational thrombelastometry analyzer (ROTEM)-derived variables were also correlated with survival. METHODS: Severe @entity130 @entity1 showing @entity9660 in ROTEM were consecutively enrolled in the study. Three different @entity9660 patterns were compared: fulminant breakdown within 30 minutes, intermediate @entity9660 of 30 to 60 minutes, and late @entity9660 after 60 minutes. Injury severity score (ISS), hemodynamics, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count (PC), @entity2002 , and ROTEM variables at admission were analyzed. The observed mortality was compared with the predicted @entity130 and injury severity score mortality. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity9660 . The mean ISS was 47 +/- 14. Fulminant, intermediate, or late @entity9660 (n = 11 each group) resulted in 100%, 91%, or 73% mortality, respectively, with the best prognosis for late @entity9660 (p = 0.0031). The actual overall mortality of @entity9660 (88%) exceeded the predicted @entity130 and injury severity score mortality (70%) (p = 0.039). Lower PC (123 +/- 53 vs. 193 +/- 91; p = 0.034), ROTEM prolonged clot formation time [CFT, 359 (140/632) vs. 82 (14/190); p = 0.042], and lower platelet contribution to maximum clot firmness [MCF(EXTEM) - MCF(FIBTEM), 34 (20/40) vs. 46 (40/53); p = 0.026] were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSION: ROTEM-based diagnosis of @entity9660 predicted outcome. Further independent predictors of @entity204 were combination of @entity9660 with @entity548 , low PC, and prolonged CFT in ROTEM. ROTEM-based point of care testing in the emergency room is thus able to identify prognostic factors such as prolonged CFT and low platelet contribution to clot firmness (MCF(EX) - MCF(FIB)) earlier than standard laboratory-based monitoring.

title: Hyperfibrinolysis after major XXXX : differential diagnosis of lysis patterns and prognostic value of thrombelastometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'hyperfibrinolysis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: 1. The influence of myocardial noradrenaline depletion on the incidence and severity of reperfusion @entity943 in closed-chest anaesthetized @entity35 was investigated. Five-minute @entity1563 was carried out via an implanted occluder. Four groups of @entity35 were studied: controls, @entity35 treated with @entity2515 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 24 h before occlusion, and @entity35 receiving 0.2 mg/kg @entity4473 intravenously 5 min before occlusion either with or without @entity2515 pretreatment. 2. In the control group all animals had @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and fibrillation (VF) immediately after reperfusion. @entity4473 reduced @entity1165 to 50% and VF to 25% (P less than 0.05 versus control). In the @entity2515 group all had @entity1165 , and 67% had VF, this being not significantly different from controls. Additional treatment with @entity4473 markedly reduced @entity1165 and totally prevented VF (P less than 0.05 versus control). 3. Thus, total depletion of myocardial @entity1063 stores neither prevented the occurrence nor reduced the severity of reperfusion @entity943 in @entity35 , while @entity4473 treatment was effective.

title: Reperfusion XXXX in closed-chest @entity35 : the effect of myocardial noradrenaline depletion and Ca2(+)-antagonism.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity4473 :: ('MESH:D005711', 'Chemical') :: ['gallopamil', 'Gallopamil']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['left coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Very low cerebral blood volume (VLCBV), diffusion, and hypoperfusion lesion volumes have been proposed as predictors of @entity64 . We aimed to compare these parameters, validate VLCBV in an independent cohort using DEFUSE study data, and investigate the interaction of VLCBV with regional reperfusion. METHODS: The EPITHET and DEFUSE studies obtained diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1 3 to 6 hours from onset of @entity385 . EPITHET randomized @entity1 to @entity1456 (tPA) or placebo, and all DEFUSE @entity1 received tPA. VLCBV was defined as cerebral blood volume<2.5th percentile of brain contralateral to the @entity1188 . Parenchymal @entity1410 (PH) was defined using European Cooperative Acute @entity64 Study criteria. Reperfusion was assessed using subacute perfusion MRI coregistered to baseline imaging. RESULTS: In DEFUSE, 69 @entity1 were analyzed, including 9 who developed PH. The >2 ml VLCBV threshold defined in EPITHET predicted PH with 100% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 35% positive predictive value, and 100% negative predictive value. Pooling EPITHET and DEFUSE (163 @entity1 , including 23 with PH), regression models using VLCBV (p<0.001) and tPA (p=0.02) predicted PH independent of clinical factors better than models using diffusion or time to maximum>8 seconds lesion volumes. Excluding VLCBV in regions without reperfusion improved specificity from 61 to 78% in the pooled analysis. INTERPRETATION: VLCBV predicts PH after @entity64 thrombolysis and appears to be a more powerful predictor than baseline diffusion or hypoperfusion lesion volumes. Reperfusion of regions of VLCBV is strongly associated with post-thrombolysis PH. VLCBV may be clinically useful to identify @entity1 at significant risk of @entity548 following reperfusion.

title: Advanced imaging improves prediction of @entity548 after XXXX thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic transformation following stroke thrombolysis', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize the clinical and radiologic features of Korean pediatric @entity1 with relapsing central nervous system (CNS) @entity17 . METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with relapsing CNS @entity17 events were classified as having @entity15 ( @entity15 , 18 @entity1 ) or @entity1652 ( @entity1652 , three @entity1 ) according to the international consensus definitions. Retrospective analysis of clinical and radiologic features was conducted. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody ( @entity3951 Ab) test was performed in six @entity1 (including three @entity1652 @entity1 ) who showed selective involvement of optic nerve and spinal cord. RESULTS: Median age at the initial episode in @entity1 with @entity15 was 7.0 years (range, 4.4-13.6 years). Three of 18 @entity15 @entity1 (3/18, 17%) showed selective involvement of the optic nerve and spinal cord during the clinical course. Five @entity1 (31%) at the initial episode and nine @entity1 (50%) at relapse met the McDonald magnetic resonance imaging criteria for dissemination in space. Oligoclonal bands detected with a @entity575 staining method were positive in only one @entity1 of 16 @entity1 tested. Two @entity1652 @entity1 positive for @entity3951 Ab showed frequent relapses and @entity717 that were unresponsive to interferon treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that Korean pediatric @entity1 with relapsing CNS @entity17 were characterized by preferential involvement of the optic nerve or spinal cord. The @entity3951 Ab test seems to be useful for predicting clinical courses in the setting of heterogeneous opticospinal presentations.

title: Relapsing @entity17 CNS disease in a Korean pediatric population: @entity15 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating', 'demyelination disease']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['NMO', 'neuromyelitis optica']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['early disabilities']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: PURPOSE: With rising health care costs in the United States, clearly defined end-of-life (EOL) @entity5 costs are needed to help health administrators proactively manage this important care. Our objective was to examine EOL health care resource costs among oncology @entity1 in a US commercial insurance population. METHODS: A retrospective claims database affiliated with OptumInsight was analyzed. Included @entity1 had: a medical claim with @entity5 diagnosis between July 1, 2002, and December 31, 2009; @entity204 on or before December 31, 2009; continuous enrollment with medical/pharmacy benefits from diagnosis until @entity204 ; >=  180 follow-up days; and active @entity5 in the last 6 @entity204 ( @entity204 ). @entity204 was captured from facility discharge codes or Social Security Administration @entity204 files. Costs were determined by summing paid amounts on all services utilized within the last 6 @entity204 : @entity5 -related inpatient (IP) stays, @entity5 - related hospice care, and @entity5 (OP) services (ie, chemotherapy, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, granulocyte colony-stimulating factors, radiation, @entity5 , @entity5 -related hospital OP procedures, and other services with @entity5 diagnosis). RESULTS: A total of 28,530 @entity1 met inclusion criteria. Mean total @entity5 -related costs in the last 6 @entity204 were  74,212 (standard deviation,  112,740), comprising IP costs of  40,702 (55%), OP costs of  30,254 (41%), and hospice costs of  3,256 (4%). OP costs decreased from  6,021 in the sixth @entity204 to  2,238 in the last @entity204 , whereas IP care costs increased from  1,785 to  20,559. Hospice utilization increased from 0.7% in the sixth @entity204 to 35.6% in the last @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Oncology costs increase in the last 6 @entity204 largely because of increased IP costs, whereas OP costs decrease.

title: Health care costs for @entity1 with XXXX at the end of life.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related outpatient', 'cancer', 'cancer-related office or emergency room visits']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Death', 'MBD', 'months before death', 'death']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The objective of this article was to review clinical trials that used antineoplastic second-line chemotherapy and/or targeted therapies in @entity1 with @entity418 after first-line therapy. Computerized (MEDLINE) and manual searches were performed to identify articles published on this topic between 1996 and 2011. Twenty-five published trials and four abstracts presented at scientific meetings were identified. A total of 10 trials included only @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ), four focused exclusively on @entity420 ( @entity420 ), the remaining 15 studies included both SCC and @entity420 . The majority of trials (17 of 29) used @entity1205 in combination with @entity902 analogs, eight used single-agent cytotoxic chemotherapy, and six evaluated targeted therapies. The numbers of @entity1 were relatively small, ranging from eight to 55 @entity1 . The response rates were generally low (between 0% and 39%), with only two small studies reporting objective responses of 50% and 63%, respectively. Time to progression ranged from 1.4 to 6.2 months, and the overall survival was disappointing at 4.0 to 11.4 months. Approximately 40% of @entity1 who experience progressive disease after first-line chemotherapy are able to undergo second-line treatment. On the basis of data published so far, no standard second-line therapy has emerged. Future research will need to focus on individual therapy strategies such as genetic receptor mutations to increase the therapeutic outcome.

title: XXXX : a critical evaluation of systemic second-line therapy.

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Center for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the use of QuantiFERON TB Gold test (QFTG; Cellestis) in all situations where the @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is used. In November 2007, our institution replaced its screening-tool @entity272 with the @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) for annual screening of @entity9178 infection among @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ). This study evaluated the effectiveness of @entity5274 test as screening tool in @entity12767 at our institution. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed medical records of all @entity12767 who underwent screening with @entity5274 from January 2008 through December 2008. RESULTS: Among the 6,530 @entity12767 screened with @entity5274 from January through December 2008, 287 had a positive test result. Of the 287, 123 had positive @entity272 results in the past, meaning that 164 @entity12767 had newly diagnosed @entity9178 infection by @entity5274 . Of the 164 @entity12767 , 135 were retested by @entity5274 and were simultaneously tested with @entity272 within 4 weeks after the initial @entity5274 . Of these 135 @entity12767 , 66 reverted to negative results and results remained positive for 69 with @entity5274 . Only 2 @entity12767 had a positive @entity272 result. CONCLUSIONS: The disagreement between @entity5274 and @entity272 results and the high reversion rate with @entity5274 raise concerns about the effectiveness of @entity5274 as a sole screening test in @entity12767 .

title: Questionable effectiveness of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test (Cellestis) as a screening tool in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['QFT-GIT', 'QFTG in-tube assay']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity9178 :: ('MESH:D055985', 'Disease') :: ['latent tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculin skin test', 'TST']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['healthcare workers']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the clinical and hematologic efficiency of splenectomy (SE) in @entity1 with @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) resistant to conventional traditional treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case histories were retrospectively analyzed in 52 @entity4018 @entity1 who had been followed up at the Hematology Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, in 2004 to 2012 and undergone therapeutic SE (47 @entity1 with primary @entity4018 , 4 with postpolycythemia @entity4018 , and 1 with postthrombocythemia @entity4018 ). The mean age was 47 years at diagnosis and 53 years before surgery. The @entity1 younger than 50 years of age constituted 60%. Massive and giant @entity381 was detected in 37 (71%) @entity1 . The spleen weighing 0.9 to 2.9 and 3 to 7 kg was removed in 15 (29%) and 35 (67%) @entity1 , respectively. In 2 cases, the weight of the removed spleen was as much as 10 and 11 kg. RESULTS: By the moment of SE, the disease duration averaged 76 (from 1 to 240) months. Twenty-one (40%) @entity1 developed perioperative complications, including @entity548 (15%), @entity715 (11.5%), and infectious complications (13.5%). There were no deaths from surgical interventions in the intra- and early postoperative periods. In more than 80% of the @entity1 after SE, their general condition improved and the symptoms of @entity8769 disappeared; in the majority of @entity1 , the therapeutic effect lasted about 2 years. In the follow-up period, 33 (63%) @entity1 died; the time to @entity204 averaged 27 (1-84) months following SE. The causes of @entity204 were blast transformation in 27 (82%) @entity1 and comorbidity in 6 (18%); 19 (37%) @entity1 with an average post-SE follow-up of 37 (4-72) months continued @entity1862 treatment. The median survival after SE was equal to 3 years; the median overall survival was 11 years. CONCLUSION: SE is effective palliative care with an acceptable level of occurring complications for individual @entity1 with @entity4018 . Contraindications to SE as @entity9638 and severe comorbidities should be strictly taken into account.

title: [Role of splenectomy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['myelofibrosis', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['intoxication']

answer: @entity4018 :: (MESH:D055728,Disease) :: ['myelofibrosis']


abstract: @entity1333 is characterised by immunoglobulin deposition at low temperatures. The most common manifestations are cutaneous involvement, @entity4841 , @entity2407 , @entity1897 and @entity8 . @entity121 is unusual and only a few cases have been reported. Here, we present a 31-year-old @entity1 who developed progressive @entity425 involving @entity1746 , @entity1282 , paraesthesias and palpable @entity4125 . Diagnostic studies revealed elevated @entity908 kinase, diffuse @entity16 on electromyography and nerve conduction studies, and @entity5442 on muscle biospsy. Cryoglobulin levels were elevated on two occasions. She responded favourably to @entity786 and high-dose @entity288 . @entity786 was continued for 1 year followed by @entity1499 . @entity229 was gradually tapered and discontinued 1 year later. She remained in clinical remission after 4 years of follow-up. This case suggests that cryoglobulinaemia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a @entity1 presenting with @entity5442 .

title: XXXX as the initial presentation of cryoglobulinaemic @entity1333 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic and sensorimotor axonal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower extremities']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgias']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory myopathy']


abstract: @entity4034 is a challenging problem when it appears in the feet of @entity1 with @entity6 . Although the most frequent port of entry for bacteria is an @entity1066 also permit entry of bacteria into the foot. This surgical complication may become limb-threatening, and treatment is a challenge. Here we present two cases of @entity1 with neuropathic feet and palpable distal pulses, who were previously treated with surgery, and who presented with spreading @entity79 in the midfoot. Pictures and radiological studies are shown. In both cases, @entity79 caused severe destruction of the architecture of the midfoot, and the limbs of both @entity1 were threatened. Midfoot @entity4034 is associated with a higher rate of major amputations than @entity4034 of the forefoot. Furthermore, @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 was isolated in one of the cases. Our successful limb salvage approach was based on three steps: 1)  removing the infected bone; 2) culture-guided antibiotic treatment; and 3) stabilizing the infected foot by means of total contact casting with openings resulting in a stable foot. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of the use of a total contact cast to stabilize an unstable and infected foot. Eight years (Case 1) and four years (Case  2) after complete healing, there were no recurrences of @entity281 .

title: Limb salvage for spreading midfoot @entity4034 following XXXX foot surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['meticillin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer, surgical wounds']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical resection is often the only treatment necessary for pediatric low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) and is thought to define a population with an excellent long-term prognosis. The goal of this study was to describe the multidimensional late-effects of pediatric LGG survivors treated exclusively with surgery. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of "surgery-only" LGG survivors followed at Dana-Farber/ @entity1 's @entity5 Care was undertaken. @entity1 had to be diagnosed with an LGG before the age of 22 years, treated with "surgery-only" and be at least 2 years from diagnosis. RESULTS: Sixty survivors were eligible with a median age at the time of review of 16.3 years and the median time since diagnosis of 8.4 years. @entity5 locations were predominantly posterior fossa (47%) or cortical (33%). Eighty-five percent of @entity1 had at least one ongoing late-effect, and 28% had three or more. The most common late-effects consisted of motor dysfunction (43%), @entity227 (32%), @entity148 (19%), social difficulties (19%), @entity302 (17%), @entity308 (15%), poor coordination/ @entity2055 (14%), @entity146 (13%), and @entity2744 (10%). Nine @entity1 had a history of suicidal ideation; two with suicide attempts. The mean full-scale IQ was normal, however, the number of survivors scoring one standard deviation below the mean was twice the expected number. Special education services were utilized by more than half of the survivors. CONCLUSIONS: "Surgery-only" LGG survivors may be more affected by their @entity5 and its resection than previously appreciated. A prospective study is needed to address this survivor population.

title: Medical, psychological, cognitive and educational late-effects in pediatric low-grade XXXX survivors treated with surgery only.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual problems']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Hospital Cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2744 :: ('MESH:C567425', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinopathies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorders']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Word comprehension @entity179 are most striking in the syndrome of @entity4943 . Tests of word comprehension typically examine concrete and abstract nonemotion words. Whether or not understanding of words describing emotion concepts (e.g., insulted, fascinated) is also impaired in the @entity303 has not been systematically investigated. METHOD: @entity1 with @entity4943 ( @entity4943 ; n = 8), @entity146 ( @entity146 ; n = 8), @entity195 ( @entity195 ; n = 12), as well as healthy controls (n = 15) completed newly designed emotion word comprehension tasks. @entity1 also undertook the Graded Synonyms Test, an abstract and concrete nonemotion word comprehension measure. RESULTS: Degradation of knowledge about negative and positive emotion words was most impaired in @entity4943 . Correlation analyses in the @entity4943 group also showed that knowledge of emotion words correlated with the understanding of abstract nonemotion words. The @entity146 group was impaired only when making associations for emotion words. The @entity195 cohort did not differ from controls on any measures of word comprehension. CONCLUSIONS: Impairment in word knowledge is greatest in the syndrome of @entity4943 , compared with @entity146 and @entity195 , and includes concrete words, abstract words as well as emotion words. Importantly, word @entity51 affect positive and negative emotions.

title: Grief and joy: emotion word comprehension in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['bvFTD', 'behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['comprehension deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in neurodegenerative conditions']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity4943 :: ('MESH:D057180', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'semantic dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementias']


abstract: Increasing incubation temperatures, caused by global climate change or thermal effluent from industrial processes, may influence embryonic development of fish. This study investigates the cumulative effects of increased incubation temperature and repeated @entity1457 on developing @entity35306 ( @entity35306 ) embryos. We studied the effects of three constant incubation temperatures (2  C, 5  C or 8  C water) and weekly, 1-h @entity1457 (+3  C) on hatching time, survival and morphology of embryos, as these endpoints may be particularly susceptible to temperature changes. The constant temperatures represent the predicted magnitude of elevated water temperatures from climate change and industrial thermal plumes. Time to the pre-hatch stage decreased as constant incubation temperature increased (148d at 2  C, 92d at 5  C, 50d at 8  C), but weekly @entity1457 did not affect time to hatch. Mean survival rates and embryo morphometrics were compared at specific developmental time-points (blastopore, eyed, fin flutter and pre-hatch) across all treatments. Constant incubation temperatures or +3  C heat-shock exposures did not significantly alter cumulative survival percentage (~50% cumulative survival to pre-hatch stage). Constant warm incubation temperatures did result in differences in morphology in pre-hatch stage embryos. 8  C and 5  C embryos were significantly smaller and had larger yolks than 2  C embryos, but heat-shocked embryos did not differ from their respective constant temperature treatment groups. Elevated incubation temperatures may adversely alter @entity35306 embryo size at hatch, but weekly 1-h @entity1457 did not affect size or survival at hatch. These results suggest that intermittent bouts of warm water effluent (e.g., variable industrial emissions) are less likely to negatively affect @entity35306 embryonic development than warmer constant incubation temperatures that may occur due to climate change.

title: The effects of increased constant incubation temperature and cumulative acute heat shock exposures on morphology and survival of XXXX ( @entity35306 ) embryos.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shocks']

entities_list: @entity35306 :: ('59861', 'Species') :: ['Lake Whitefish', 'Coregonus clupeaformis']

answer: @entity35306 :: (59861,Species) :: ['Lake Whitefish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the radiologic features that might help in preoperative differentiation of the @entity1653 from the remaining primary @entity3554 , in particular the @entity5 . METHODS: The clinical and computed tomographic features of 21 @entity1 with histologically proved primary @entity3554 were analyzed. FINDINGS: @entity5 ( @entity1653 ) are more likely to occur in older @entity1 , to have longer symptom duration, and to have CT appearances similar to the "typical" @entity1653 . Atypical CT features suggest a @entity3554 , such as @entity693 , @entity320 , or meningeal primitive @entity4969 . The recent identification of a new subtype of @entity1653 (a "sclerosing" group) is discussed. This is common in @entity1 and the CT and clinical features are similar to those seen in other @entity1653 . It is frequently mistaken histologically for an @entity5 , or for an atypical or @entity5 . These @entity1653 may also show brain invasion but despite this, in the short term, the prognosis is no different from other @entity1653 . CONCLUSION: The bad reputation previously ascribed to childhood primary @entity3554 should be confined to that small group that are malignant. @entity1653 have a more favorable outlook.

title: Primary XXXX in @entity1 : correlation of clinical and CT findings with histologic type and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'intraaxial tumor', 'Benign tumors', 'malignant meningioma']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas', 'adult meningioma', 'sclerosing meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningeal tumor', 'meningeal tumors']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['meningeal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Botswana was the first African country to introduce routine @entity645 testing (RHT). OBJECTIVE: To report program data for the first 2.5 years of RHT. METHODS: RHT was introduced in 2004. Rapid @entity645 tests were introduced later the same year and are widely available. The main criteria for RHT are symptoms of @entity645 / @entity791 , pregnancy, @entity2953 , and attendance for medical examination. Testing may also be self-initiated. FINDINGS: There has been a rapid scale-up of RHT. A total of 60,846 @entity1 were tested through RHT in 2004 versus 157,894 in 2005 and 88,218 in the first half of 2006. Testing rates in the population through RHT were 40 per 1000 @entity1 , 93 per 1000 @entity1 , and 104 per 1000 @entity1 , respectively. In 2005, 89% of those offered testing accepted, with 69% of those tested being female and 31% male. The proportion of @entity1 who tested @entity645 -positive was 34% versus 30% for @entity1 . The main reasons for testing in 2005 were @entity1 's wish (50%), pregnancy (25%), medical examination (7%), clinical suspicion (6%), and @entity2953 (2%). Attendance at voluntary counseling and testing centers has increased parallel to the scale-up of RHT. CONCLUSIONS: RHT has been widely accepted by the population, and no adverse effects or instances have been reported. It has provided increased access to preventive services and earlier assessment for antiretroviral treatment. We believe the benefits of RHT clearly outweigh the risks.

title: Two and a half years of routine XXXX testing in Botswana.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infection']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Background. User feedback is now an integral part of both clinical governance and service development, and it also provides a key route to engaging parents and @entity1 . @entity2438 ( @entity2438 ) can impact on all members of a family, and close working between parents and professionals is essential. Aim. To explore parental satisfaction rates and identify areas in need of improvement. Method. A postal survey was completed by parents whose @entity1 had been diagnosed with an @entity2438 in the past 18 months in a Manchester @entity1 and Adolescent Mental Health Service. The National Autism Plan for @entity1 was used as a gold standard. Results. Parents were particularly satisfied with the way team members dealt with them and their @entity1 during appointments. However, the standard of written information provided about the condition, diagnosis, and support available could be improved. The findings show the benefits of receiving a diagnosis in the recommended timeframe. Discussion. We discuss ways of effectively using scarce resources.

title: Parental perceptions of a manchester service for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['Autistic spectrum disorders', 'ASD', 'ASDs']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['autistic spectrum disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate if perfusion measured with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) can be used to differentiate @entity1161 @entity39 from @entity5 recurrence in @entity1 with high-grade @entity11 . METHODS: The study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. 19 @entity1 were recruited following surgery and @entity1161 therapy for @entity11 . @entity1 had contrast enhancing lesions, which during the standard MRI examination could not be exclusively determined as recurrence or @entity1161 @entity39 . DCE-MRI was used to measure cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Subjects also underwent FDG-PET and lesions were classified as either metabolically active or inactive. Follow-up clinical MRI and lesion histology in case of additional tissue resection was used to determine whether lesions were regressing or progressing. RESULTS: Fourteen enhancing lesions could be classified as progressing (11) or regressing (three). An empirical threshold of 2.0 ml/100 g for CBV allowed detection of regressing lesions with a sensitivity of 100 % and specificity of 100 %. FDG-PET and DCE-MRI agreed in classification of @entity5 status in 13 out of the 16 cases where an FDG-PET classification was obtained. In two of the remaining three @entity1 , MRI follow-up and histology was available and both indicated that the DCE-MRI answer was correct. CONCLUSION: CBV measurements using DCE-MRI may predict the status of contrast enhancing lesions and give results very similar to FDG-PET with regards to differentiation between @entity5 recurrence and @entity1161 @entity39 .

title: Evaluation of dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted perfusion MRI in the differentiation of @entity5 recurrence from @entity1161 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The biochemical diagnosis of @entity8453 ( @entity2395 and hemoglobin (Hb) variants) is based on the separation and the quantification of Hb fractions. HPLC is the most commonly used method but capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods have also been developed successfully. The Capillarys II system is the first fully automated CE system that allows the quantification of @entity13554 and Hb F and the separation of Hb variants. We evaluated the ability of this system to separate and identify Hb variants and to quantify @entity13554 and Hb F. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The separation of 18 different Hb variants was studied and the imprecision on migration times was calculated for the three most frequent ones. The total imprecision on @entity13554 and Hb F quantification was determined. The results obtained for 44 @entity1 were compared with those given by HPLC. The interference on @entity13554 measurement due to the presence of Hb S was studied. RESULTS: Fourteen out of the 18 variants tested, including all variants of clinical importance, were separated from Hb A. Imprecision on migration times was less than 1%. For @entity13554 quantification, imprecision was less than 3.5% and for Hb F, less than 7.0%. The comparison with HPLC showed an acceptable agreement between both methods but a systematic negative bias for @entity13554 and both proportional and systematic biases for Hb F. No interference from the presence of Hb S on the quantification of @entity13554 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The fully automated Capillarys Hemoglobin method allows the detection and the separation of the most common Hb variants. It provides also a precise, quick, and very easy quantification of Hb F and @entity13554 , even in the presence of Hb S. It is very suitable for routine investigation of hemoglopinopathies.

title: Evaluation of an automated capillary electrophoresis system in the screening for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8453 :: ('MESH:D006453', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinopathies']

entities_list: @entity2395 :: ('MESH:D013789', 'Disease') :: ['thalassemias']

answer: @entity8453 :: (MESH:D006453,Disease) :: ['hemoglobinopathies']


abstract: A subset of @entity5 induced by @entity19 polyoma virus (PyV) has been designated lymphoepithelioma on the basis of a prominent lymphocytic component. Serial transplantation of this variant has previously been observed to result in @entity706 development. A recent repetition of this phenomenon allowed us to characterize the @entity706 cell populations with regard to phenotypic markers and PyV content. @entity706 emerged in recipients of the third, fifth, sixth, and seventh transplant generations of the lymphoepithelioma. Most @entity706 were widely disseminated in hematopoietic and lymphoreticular tissues, and other sites as well. Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte populations from @entity706 in six recipients revealed that, while all @entity706 expressed phenotypic markers of immature cortical thymocytes, i.e., @entity3512 , @entity3844 , Jlld, and @entity6689 , they were not uniform with regard to other T-cell markers, notably @entity1961 and CD8. Varying levels of T-cell receptor markers @entity5168 , as well as interleukin 2 receptor, were also noted. DNA blot analysis failed to detect PyV in @entity706 cells at a sensitivity level capable of detecting less than one intact copy per cell. It appears improbable the @entity706 was directly induced by PyV. Hypotheses invoking other mechanisms of @entity706 development are outlined.

title: T-cell lymphomas emerging as epineoplasms in @entity19 bearing transplanted polyoma virus-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['salivary epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['salivary gland tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The %fT>MIC of @entity5505 has been shown to correlate with microbiological outcome of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) in preclinical studies. However, clinical data are still lacking. We explored the relationship of @entity5505 exposure and outcome in @entity1 with @entity55 using data from a recent randomized, double-blind Phase 3 clinical trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: Pharmacokinetic (PK) and demographic data from three clinical trials were used to construct a population PK model using non-linear mixed-effects modelling. Individual concentration-time curves and PK/pharmacodynamic indices were determined for individual @entity1 . The MICs used in the analyses were the highest MICs for any GNB cultured at baseline or end of therapy. RESULTS: A two-compartment model best fit the data, with @entity1011 clearance as covariate on clearance and age on the central compartment. Classification and regression tree analysis showed a breakpoint value of 44.9% (P<0.0001) for GNB in 154 @entity1 . The Emax model showed a good fit (R(2)=0.93). The benefit of adequate treatment increased from an eradication rate of 0.4848 at %fT>MIC of 0% to 0.9971 at 100%. The EC50 was 46.8% and the EC90 was 95.5% for %fT>MIC. Exposure correlated significantly with both microbiological and clinical outcome at test-of-cure. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that exposures to @entity5505 predict microbiological as well as clinical outcome, and the %fT>MIC required to result in a likely favourable outcome is >45% of the dosing interval. This value is similar to that observed in animal models and underscores the principle that adequate dosing can be predicted and is beneficial to @entity1 care.

title: Optimal exposures of @entity5505 predict the probability of microbiological and clinical outcome in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Alternating @entity1158 of childhood is a predominantly @entity245 of uncertain etiology. In more than 3 decades since its description, little progress has been made in understanding its etiology or in identifying effective treatments. In 1998, in collaboration with the Alternating @entity1158 of Childhood Foundation, an international registry was established to help document clinical outcomes and promote research efforts. @entity1 AND METHODS: We present phenotypic data on 103 @entity1 who met existing diagnostic criteria for alternating @entity1158 of childhood. Although some of these subjects may have been included in previously published reviews, our focus was directed toward the earliest manifestations of symptoms and evolution of features over time. Data sources included written questionnaires, face-to-face and telephone interviews, clinical examination, and medical charts. Characteristics of disease onset, medical comorbidities, episode triggers, diagnostic workup, and treatment are presented. RESULTS: @entity1319 were the most frequent early symptom, manifesting in the first 3 months of life in 83% of @entity1 . @entity2795 episodes appeared by 6 months of age in 56% of @entity1 . Background slowing shown by electroencephalography during typical paroxysmal events, including @entity3520 was frequent (21 of 42 cases). Distinct @entity410 episodes with @entity1662 believed to be @entity302 in nature were reported in 41% of @entity1 . @entity2055 (96%) and @entity73 (100%) were frequent nonepisodic symptoms. Empiric pharmacologic treatment approaches offered little benefit in most subjects and resulted in adverse effects in 20% of @entity1 . Prolonged episodes were completely or temporarily aborted during sleep in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This descriptive analysis of a large cohort of @entity1 indicates that @entity1319 are an early, highly suggestive symptom, followed by @entity3520 or flaccid, alternating @entity1158 in early infancy in the majority of subjects. Current challenges in diagnosis and management contribute to poor outcomes. Early diagnosis and multicenter collaboration are needed to facilitate trials to identify more effective therapies.

title: Alternating @entity1158 of childhood: early characteristics and evolution of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia', 'Hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['Hemiplegic']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsive']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegic, tonic, or dystonic episodes', 'paroxysmal episodes of focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic neurodevelopmental syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Paroxysmal eye movements', 'paroxysmal ocular movements']

answer: @entity245 :: (MESH:D002658,Disease) :: ['neurodevelopmental syndrome']


abstract: Data collected by nine population-based @entity5 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National @entity5 Institute were analyzed to characterize the epidemiology of noncarcinoid @entity420 of the colon and rectum in young adults. @entity5 diagnosed in @entity1 under 40 years old between 1973 and 1984 (n = 1736) were compared with those in @entity1 40 years and older (n = 106,760). This first large U.S. population-based study of @entity14 in the young shows a higher incidence in blacks than whites and later detection in black males. It also shows a higher proportion of @entity5 of mucinous and signet ring histological type than in older age groups. Among the younger group, the average annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 34% higher in black males than in white males (12.6 vs. 9.4 per million @entity1 ) and 46% higher in black females than in white females (13.0 vs 8.9 per million @entity1 ). The proportion of @entity5 that were right-sided varied by age: 0-29 years, 30%; 30-39 years, 26%; 40-49 years, 22%; 50-59 years, 21%; 60-69 years, 24%; 70-79 years, 30%; and 80+ years, 35%. Males under age 40 were less likely to present with localized disease (whites, 27%; blacks, 21%) than were those aged 40 and older (whites, 39%; blacks, 36%). The proportion of @entity5 classified as mucinous decreased with age, from 28% among those aged 0-19 years to 5% among those 40 years and older. A similar trend was observed for signet ring @entity5 . Although this latter type accounted for 10% of large-bowel @entity5 among subjects aged 0-19 years, this proportion decreased with age to 0.2% in those 40 years and older.

title: Adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in XXXX under 40 years old. A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1164 among orthotopic heart transplant recipients is an important mechanism of @entity204 after cardiac transplantation. The role for @entity737 ( @entity737 ) in this population is not well established. This study sought to determine whether @entity737 are effective in preventing @entity1164 in high-risk heart transplant recipients. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of all orthotopic heart transplant @entity1 who had @entity1479 implantation between January 1995 and December 2005 at 5 heart transplant centers. Thirty-six @entity1 were considered high risk for @entity1164 . The mean age at orthotopic heart transplant was 44+/-14 years, the majority being male (n=29). The mean age at @entity1479 implantation was 52+/-14 years, whereas the average time from orthotopic heart transplant to @entity1479 implant was 8 years +/-6 years. The main indications for @entity1479 implantation were severe allograft vasculopathy (n=12), unexplained @entity1163 (n=9), history of @entity1167 (n=8), and severe @entity1002 (n=7). Twenty-two shocks were delivered to 10 @entity1 (28%), of whom 8 (80%) received 12 appropriate shocks for either rapid @entity1165 or @entity2224 . The shocks were effective in terminating the @entity943 in all cases. Three (8%) @entity1 received 10 inappropriate shocks. Underlying allograft vasculopathy was present in 100% (8 of 8) of @entity1 who received appropriate @entity1479 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Use of @entity737 after heart transplantation may be appropriate in selected high-risk @entity1 . Further studies are needed to establish an appropriate prevention strategy in this population.

title: The efficacy of XXXX in heart transplant recipients: results from a multicenter registry.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['implantable cardioverter-defibrillators']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During extracorporeal photophoresis (ECP), peripheral blood mononuclear cells are treated with DNA-intercalating agents and irradiated with ultraviolet light. This procedure exerts immunosuppressive effects, most likely mediated by regulatory T cells (Treg). However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear yet. In our study, we investigated the effect of ECP on frequency and function of Treg in the peripheral blood of @entity1 suffering from @entity2132 . METHODS: Whole blood samples from @entity2132 @entity1 were taken before and after the ECP treatment on 2 consecutive days. Phenotypical analysis of changes in distinct leukocyte subsets within the peripheral blood of @entity1 and healthy controls was performed by means of flow cytometry. Functional analysis of the Treg population after magnetic bead isolation was performed using conventional suppression assays, and @entity859 was detected by means of high pressure liquid chromatography and Lanzetta assays. RESULTS: We show that the frequency of @entity404 / @entity2902 / @entity403 Treg in the peripheral blood increases after each cycle of ECP and also in the course of treatment. The suppressive capacity of Treg after ECP was increased compared with that of Treg before ECP, although not reaching the suppression levels obtained with Treg from healthy controls. Furthermore, we show that ECP stimulates the @entity13796 -mediated production of @entity859 by Treg, which substantially reduces the T-cell proliferation in in vitro suppression assays. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that ECP stimulates the conversion of @entity855 to @entity859 by the ectonucleotiodase @entity13796 , which acts as a novel soluble immunosuppressive reagent mediating immunosuppression of Treg.

title: Extracorporeal photophoresis augments function of XXXX + @entity2902 + @entity403 + regulatory T cells by triggering @entity859 production.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: A correct surgical approach to @entity5 today has to make due allowance for both improved overall survival with local control of disease and preservation of the sphincter and urinary and genital functions. Increased understanding of the natural history, the importance of preoperative accurate staging and new surgical techniques may influence future treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to review and make a reappraisal of the role of sphincter-preserving surgery in the treatment of @entity189 of the lower third of the rectum. From January 1999 to June 2004, 63 consecutive total rectal resections were performed at our surgical department. Thirty-five of these @entity1 , who underwent surgery for a primary @entity420 of the distal rectum (3.5 to 8 cm from the anal verge), were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative clinical assessment was based largely on T staging, @entity5 size, fixation and distance from the anal verge. @entity1 stratification, based on the definitive pathological report, was 3 Dukes' stage A (T1 N0), 21 stage B (T2 N0) and 11 stage C (T2-3-4 N+). The distance from the anal verge was > 5 cm in 30 @entity1 and < 5 cm in 5. Sphincter-saving procedures were performed in 28/35 @entity1 (80%); 7 (20%) had abdominoperineal resections of the rectum for very distal, locally extensive @entity5 or local recurrence (2 @entity1 ). The overall recurrence rate was 11.4%. Postoperative morbidity related to the procedures was low: @entity834 occurred in 10.7% (3/28). Perfect continence was documented in 86.3%. The minimum follow-up time is 12 months. Our data, in agreement with the findings of other Authors, appear to bear out the validity of sphincter-saving procedures in the treatment of @entity5 of the lower third of the rectum. This approach is possible for the majority of @entity1 . Functional results are good, using an accurate nerve-sparing technique, and may be improved by employing a colonic reservoir in selected cases.

title: Sphincter-saving surgery in low XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion ( @entity248 -TLIF) for lumbar spondylolisthesis allows for surgical treatment of back and leg @entity158 while theoretically minimizing tissue injury and accelerating overall recovery. Although the authors of previous studies have demonstrated shorter length of hospital stay and reduced @entity190 with @entity248 versus open-TLIF, short- and long-term outcomes have been similar. No studies to date have evaluated the comprehensive health care costs associated with TLIF procedures or assessed the cost-utility of @entity248 - versus open-TLIF. As such, we set out to assess previously unstudied end points of health care cost and cost-utility associated with @entity248 - versus open-TLIF. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 undergoing @entity248 -TLIF (n=15) or open-TLIF (n=15) for grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis associated back and leg @entity158 were prospectively studied. Total back-related medical resource use, missed work, and health-state values (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], calculated from EQ-5D with U.S. valuation) were assessed after two-year follow-up. Two-year resource use was multiplied by unit costs on the basis of Medicare national allowable payment amounts (direct cost) and work-day losses were multiplied by the self-reported gross-of-tax wage rate (indirect cost). Difference in mean total cost per QALY gained for @entity248 - versus open-TLIF was assessed as incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER: COSTmis-COSTopen/QALYmis-QALYopen). RESULTS: @entity248 versus open-TLIF cohorts were similar at baseline. By two years postoperatively, @entity1 undergoing @entity248 - versus open-TLIF reported similar mean QALYs gained (0.50 vs. 0.41, P=0.17). Mean total two-year cost of @entity248 - and open-TLIF was  35,996 and  44,727, respectively. The  8,731 two-year cost savings of @entity248 - versus open-TLIF did not reach statistical significance (P=0.18) for this sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Although our limited sample size prevented statistical significance, @entity248 - versus open-TLIF was associated with reduced costs over two years while providing equivalent improvement in QALYs. @entity248 -TLIF allows @entity1 to leave the hospital sooner, achieve @entity4784 independence sooner, and return to work sooner than open-TLIF. In our experience, @entity248 - versus open-TLIF is a cost reducing technology in the surgical treatment of medically refractory @entity1643 from grade I lumbar spondylolisthesis.

title: Cost-effectiveness of minimally invasive versus open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative spondylolisthesis associated XXXX over two years.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low-back and leg pain']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low-back and leg pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dietary plant @entity3150 effectively reduce LDL @entity165 when incorporated into fat matrices. We showed previously that supplementation with orange juice containing plant @entity3150 (2 g/d) significantly reduced LDL @entity165 . Inflammation is pivotal in @entity731 . High-sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP), the prototypic marker of @entity32 , is a @entity65 risk marker; however, there is a paucity of data on the effect of plant @entity3150 on CRP concentrations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether plant @entity3150 affect CRP concentrations and the lipoprotein profile when incorporated into a reduced-calorie (50 calories/240 mL) orange juice beverage. DESIGN: Seventy-two healthy subjects were randomly assigned to receive a reduced-calorie orange juice beverage either without (Placebo @entity1493 ) or with (1 g/240 mL; @entity5068 @entity1493 ) plant @entity3150 twice a day with meals for 8 wk. Fasting blood was obtained at baseline and after 8 wk of Placebo @entity1493 or @entity5068 @entity1493 supplementation. RESULTS: @entity5068 @entity1493 supplementation significantly reduced total @entity165 (5%; P < 0.01) and LDL @entity165 (9.4%; P < 0.001) compared with both baseline and Placebo @entity1493 (P < 0.05). HDL @entity165 increased significantly with @entity5068 @entity1493 (P < 0.02). No significant changes in @entity1674 , @entity413 , or liver function tests were observed with @entity5068 @entity1493 . @entity5068 @entity1493 supplementation resulted in no significant change in @entity270 and carotenoid concentrations. @entity5068 @entity1493 supplementation resulted in a significant reduction of CRP concentrations compared with baseline and Placebo @entity1493 (median reduction: 12%; P < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Supplementation with a reduced-calorie orange juice beverage containing plant @entity3150 is effective in reducing CRP and LDL @entity165 and could be incorporated into the dietary portion of therapeutic lifestyle changes.

title: Reduced-calorie orange juice beverage with plant @entity3150 lowers XXXX concentrations and improves the lipid profile in human volunteers.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood lipid profiles have been suggested to be a risk factor for @entity170 . However, the association between lipid profiles and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate an association between blood lipid profiles and @entity79 through both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal study. METHODS: Study subjects were 958 postmenopausal Korean @entity1 who have repeatedly undertaken laboratory tests and @entity79 measurements at lumbar spine and femur neck with an interval of 7.1 years. The associations between lipid profiles and @entity79 were examined using Spearman correlation analysis with an adjustment for age, smoking, @entity167 drinking, physical activity, body mass index, and follow-up duration. RESULTS: Lumbar spine @entity79 was not associated with total @entity165 (TC), low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HLD-C) regardless of when the measurement was performed. In an analysis using data measured at the beginning of the study, femur neck @entity79 was not associated with TC and LDL-C. However, femur neck @entity79 showed weak but significantly positive correlation with HDL-C (correlation coefficient, 0.077; 95% confidence interval, 0.005 to 0.149). When the analysis was repeated with data measured at the end of the follow-up, there was no significant correlation between femur neck @entity79 and any lipid profile. In addition, change in femur neck @entity79 during follow-up was not associated with the change in lipid profiles. CONCLUSION: Although further study with a consideration of @entity460 intake and @entity170 medication seems necessary, this study found no association between serum lipid profiles and @entity79 in postmenopausal Korean @entity1 .

title: Association between Serum XXXX Level and Bone Mineral Density at Lumbar Spine and Femur Neck in Postmenopausal Korean @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: This study investigated the clinical characteristics of @entity1 with skin and soft-tissue @entity281 (SSTIs) due to Aeromonas species. @entity1 with SSTIs caused by Aeromonas species during the period from January 2009 to December 2011 were identified from a computerized database of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. The medical records of these @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 129 @entity1 with SSTIs due to Aeromonas species were identified. A. hydrophila (n = 77, 59.7 %) was the most common pathogen, followed by A. veronii biovar sobria (n = 22, 17.1 %), A. veronii biovar veronii (n = 20, 15.5 %), A. caviae (n = 9, 7.0 %), and A. schubertii (n = 1, 0.8 %). The most common isolates obtained from @entity1 with @entity325 were @entity4005 species (n = 33), followed by Enterococcus spp. (n = 24), Enterobacter spp. (n = 21), @entity526 (n = 17), Staphylococcus spp. (n = 17), Streptococcus spp. (n = 17), and Acinetobacter spp. (n = 15). @entity1575 and concomitant @entity2259 were more common among @entity1 with monomicrobial Aeromonas SSTIs than among @entity1 with polymicrobial SSTIs. Nine (7 %) @entity1 required limb amputations. The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.6 %. In conclusion, Aeromonas species should be considered as important causative pathogens of SSTIs, and most @entity281 are polymicrobial. In addition, the clinical presentation differs markedly between @entity1 with monomicrobial and those with polymicrobial Aeromonas SSTIs.

title: Skin and soft-tissue XXXX caused by Aeromonas species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial infections']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term outcomes for @entity1 with adult @entity3441 correlate closely with @entity134 responsiveness. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the difference in serum proteomes between @entity134 -sensitive @entity1985 (SSNS) and @entity134 -resistant @entity1985 (SRNS) @entity1 and identify potential biomarkers for the prediction of SRNS. METHODS: We performed a gel-based proteomic study of serum obtained from SRNS and SSNS @entity1 and healthy controls at the time of presentation (n = 6 for each group). Proteins from the serum samples were separated using 2-D electrophoresis, digested in-gel and subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS/MS analysis. Further validation was performed utilizing Western blot and ELISA. The sensitivities and specificities of the candidate proteins for predicting SRNS were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Thirteen differentially expressed proteins were identified as @entity2104 (Hp) with different isoelectric points and molecular weights. Western blot and ELISA analysis of samples from 146 subjects (healthy controls = 52, SSNS = 54, SRNS = 40) showed a markedly increased level of Hp in the serum, but not urine, of SRNS compared to SSNS @entity1 . The optimal serum cutoff level of Hp was set at >= 1,279   g/ml using the receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitivity and specificity for predicting SRNS were 85.0 and 96.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a novel overview of the difference in serum proteomes of SSNS and SRNS patients. Serum Hp may be a useful predictive biomarker for @entity134 therapy efficacy in the treatment of @entity3441 .

title: Proteomic profiling identifies @entity2104 as a potential serum biomarker for @entity134 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: A liquid crystal display can be described as a panel consisting of two plates of glass with liquid crystals in the space between. Generally, the liquid crystal wastes are extracted and separated into various fractions. Some recyclable materials, i.e., metals, glass, plastics, etc., are recycled, but the liquid crystals are incinerated. The emission factors for 16 U.S. EPA priority @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from the combustion of liquid crystal are approximately 390 and 1520 times higher than that of waste @entity33213 and biological sludge combustion, respectively. In this study, we determined the emission of @entity2556 from the liquid crystals pyrolysis. We also investigated the fragments and gas compositions using on-line @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ). A temperature series of 14 fragments was analyzed in @entity1568 , and was found to include m/z: 30, 32, 42, 44, 55, 57, 67, 81, 95, 109, 128, 166, 178, and 202. The fragments at m/z 32 represents @entity406 and the fragment at m/z 44 is @entity544 . The fragments at m/z 55, 57, 67, 81, 95, and 109 represent @entity7294 components, all of which may be liquid crystal by products. The @entity3928 as analyzed above can offer a better understanding of the mechanisms of byproduct formation in liquid crystal waste pyrolysis. Experimentally, not detected (n.d.) -5.98 and n.d. -20.2 microg/g of 16 @entity2556 , in the particulate and gas phases, respectively, are determined from the emission of liquid crystal waste pyrolysis. The PAH profiles showed a predominance of @entity12683 (42.6%) and @entity11966 (13.5%). The total PAH emissions for the 16 species were 7.75 and 44.05 microg/g in the particulate and gas phases, respectively, significantly lower than the values associated with liquid crystal combustion. From the viewpoint of PAH emission control, our results suggest that the pyrolysis is a better option for the disposal of liquid crystal wastes than that of combustion.

title: Emission of XXXX from the pyrolysis of liquid crystal wastes.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity33213 :: ('MESH:C011363', 'Chemical') :: ['terephthalic acid']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['TG-MS', 'thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity11966 :: ('MESH:C031181', 'Chemical') :: ['phenanthrene']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate healthcare customer complaints concerning interpersonal matters in @entity5 care. Design/methodology/approach - Complaints from @entity5 @entity1 and their relatives (n=116) that dealt with interpersonal matters registered between 2009 and 2011 at four local @entity1 ' Advisory Committees in Western Sweden were sampled and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings - Complaints concerned lack of information and consideration from healthcare providers. Lack of empathy and civility also caused dissatisfaction, the latter particularly for @entity1 . Relatives complained that they did not feel included in the care process or were not offered proper support. Most complaints by relatives were filed by a female relative and concerned a male @entity1 . Research limitations/implications - Information about @entity1 demographics other than gender could not be investigated due to database limitations. Hence, factors such as age, country of birth, and geographical residence were not included for analysis. In addition, neither the type nor stage of @entity5 among the sampled @entity1 was able to be addressed. Practical implications - @entity1 complaints should not only be viewed as a post-consumption judgment, but also as a service interaction activity. This may require healthcare providers to enhance their interpersonal skills, allowing @entity1 and relatives to provide feedback during service interaction to satisfactorily address dissatisfaction. Visualizing gender disparities may help healthcare providers prevent stereotypical encounters. In addition, the provider should be invited to participate in the customer's value creating network, which may also include knowledge and skills from other sources, such as relatives. Originality/value - Value co-creation offers a different view on @entity1 complaints. Incorporating social construction into value co-creation may reveal socially constructed disparities. The paper provides aggregated information on @entity5 @entity1 ' and relatives' complaints concerning interpersonal issues, which can increase knowledge about @entity1 healthcare service perceptions.

title: Interpersonal complaints regarding XXXX care through a gender lens.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were: to describe the frequency of whiplash-related symptoms and psychological factors in @entity1 5 years after a @entity7125 ; to study the relationship between symptoms and psychological factors; to examine gender differences; and to investigate the cause of sick leave. METHODS: Questionnaires addressing @entity4048 , @entity158 intensity, whiplash-related symptoms, post-traumatic stress, @entity308 , social support and life satisfaction were used. RESULTS: Neck @entity158 was reported by 59% of subjects, whiplash-related symptoms (Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, RPQ) by 76%, @entity308 (Beck's @entity308 Inventory, BDI) by 22%, and post-traumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale, IES), by 38%. The scores of @entity158 intensity and RPQ were correlated to BDI, IES and LiSat-11 scores. @entity1 reported a lower level of quality of social support than @entity1 . @entity1 reporting many symptoms also reported reduced availability of social interaction, whereas @entity1 with many symptoms reported reduced availability of attachment (i.e. lack of intimate partner, close family and friends). A multivariate logistic regression showed an association between sick leave and @entity308 . CONCLUSION: These findings indicate the importance of assessing possible relationships between symptoms, @entity308 and post-traumatic stress in @entity1 with long-term problems after @entity7125 , and of treating existing symptoms, especially @entity308 . Because social support may play a role in recovery, social relationships should also be examined.

title: Relationship between symptoms and psychological factors five years after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Men', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity7125 :: ('MESH:D014911', 'Disease') :: ['whiplash injury']

answer: @entity7125 :: (MESH:D014911,Disease) :: ['whiplash injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aims to analyze our experience with @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ), testing the hypothesis that these @entity5 have different histologic subtypes and operative outcome depending on the site of origin in reference to the internal auditory canal (IAC). METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity1653 were reviewed retrospectively. @entity5 were classified as posterior (PPM; n = 29), superior (SPM; n = 8), and ventral petrous (VPM; n = 19), in reference to the IAC. Two @entity1 had @entity1653 arising from different parts of the petrous bone. Petroclival, clival, and jugular @entity1653 were excluded. All @entity1 were operated through a suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Clinical presentation, @entity5 size, involvement of IAC, extent of resection, outcome, and @entity5 histology were analyzed. RESULTS: Simpson grade I and II resection was achieved in 84.5%: 96.6% in PPM, 100% in SPM, and 57.9% in VPM. Fibrous histology accounted for 69% in PPM, 62% in SPM, and only 10.5% in VPM, whereas meningothelial histology was seen 27.6%, 25%, and 68.4%, respectively. Postoperative @entity393 was the most frequent operative complication, and was seen in 31.6% of VPM, as compared to none in PPM or SPM. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4037 are clearly different @entity5 in their histology and operative outcome. The predominance of meningothelial histology in this location may imply a different tumorigenesis as compared to other @entity1653 . @entity4037 should be viewed as a distinct group of @entity5 .

title: @entity4037 : unique XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tubercle meningiomas', 'petrous meningiomas', 'PM', 'multiple meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Ventral petrous meningiomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Advanced restrictive @entity358 remain a challenge for both the clinician and @entity1 alike. Because there are few available treatment options that prolong survival for @entity1 with diseases such as @entity2416 , improvement in quality of life and palliation of significant symptoms become realistic treatment goals. Several validated instruments that assess quality of life and health-related quality of life have demonstrated the dramatic impact that @entity358 has on @entity1 . Quality-of-life assessments of @entity1 with @entity401 have commonly cited respiratory complaints as problematic, but other distressing symptoms often not addressed include fear, social isolation, @entity148 , and @entity308 . Not only do respiratory symptoms limit this @entity1 population, but the awareness of decreased independence and ability for social participation also has an impact on the quality of life. Some @entity1 describe a deepened spiritual well-being during their disease process; however, many @entity1 ' mental health suffers with experiences of fear, worry, @entity148 , and @entity4697 . Many @entity1 express desire for more attention to end-of-life issues from their physicians. Fears of worsening symptoms and suffocation exist with an expressed desire by most to die peacefully with symptom control. Interventions to improve quality of life are largely directed at symptom control. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions have been helpful in relieving @entity1353 . Studies have demonstrated that the use of supplemental @entity26 in the face of advancing @entity519 can have both positive and negative effects on quality of life. @entity1 using nasal prongs describe feelings of self-consciousness, embarrassment, and social withdrawal. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended, with some studies noting increased quality-of-life scores and decreased sensations of @entity1353 . Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality also have a negative impact on quality of life. Recognition and correction of nocturnal @entity519 and other @entity25 should enhance quality of life in @entity1 with @entity358 ; however, there is currently no evidence to support this claim. End-of-life care needs more attention by clinicians in the decision-making and preparatory phase. Physicians need to maintain their focus on quality-of-life issues as medical management shifts from curative therapies to comfort management therapies. Palliative care and hospice appear to be underused in @entity1 with @entity1442 other than @entity5 . Because the only curative option for some end-stage restrictive @entity358 is lung transplantation, if transplantation is not an option, palliation of symptoms and hospice care may offer @entity1 and families the opportunity to die with dignity and comfort.

title: XXXX : quality of life and role of palliative care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'restrictive lung disease', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced diseases']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbances']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Advanced lung disease']