abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5383 toughening enhances the mechanical properties of zirconia ceramics but the biocompatibility of this material has rarely been addressed. In this study, we examined the osteoblast response to @entity5383 -toughened zirconia ( @entity10664 ) with different surface topographies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 osteoblasts isolated from maxillary biopsies of four @entity1 were cultured and seeded onto disks of the following substrates: @entity10664 with a machined surface, airborne-particle abraded @entity10664 , airborne-particle abraded and acid etched @entity10664 . Airborne-particle abraded and acid etched @entity702 ( @entity23114 ) and @entity852 disks served as a reference control. The surface topography of the various substrates was characterized by profilometry (R(a), R(p-v)) and @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Cell proliferation, cell-covered surface area, alkaline phophatase (ALP) and osteocalcin production were determined. The cell morphology was analyzed on @entity4653 images. RESULTS: The surface roughness of @entity10664 was increased by airborne-particle abrasion, but with the R(a) and R(p-v) values showing significantly lower values compared with @entity23114 @entity702 (Mann-Whitney U-test P<0.05). The proliferation assay revealed no statistically significant differences between the @entity10664 substrates, @entity23114 @entity702 and @entity852 (Kruskal-Wallis test, P>0.05). All substrates were densely covered by osteoblasts. ALP and osteocalcin production was similar on the examined surfaces. Cell morphology analysis revealed @entity12318 with cellular extensions on all substrates. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that @entity10664 may be a viable substrate for the growth and differentiation of @entity1 osteoblasts. Surface modification of @entity10664 by airborne-particle abrasion alone or in combination with acid etching seems not to interfere with the growth and differentiation of the osteoblasts.

title: In vitro reaction of XXXX osteoblasts on @entity5383 -toughened zirconia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

entities_list: @entity12318 :: ('MESH:D005413', 'Disease') :: ['flat-spread osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity5383 :: ('MESH:D000537', 'Chemical') :: ['alumina', 'Alumina']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We have investigated the role of @entity53 in the early development of the @entity95 corpus luteum. Ectopic corpora lutea were established in all animals by autotransplanting preovulatory follicles beneath the kidney capsule 6.5 to 8 h after mating (day 0). At this time, the @entity95 were bilaterally ovariectomized and in some of these @entity95 a Silastic capsule containing crystalline @entity53 was implanted SC. Mean serum concentration of @entity53 in @entity95 with an @entity53 impant was 16.4 pg/ml. In @entity95 without an @entity53 implant, the @entity53 concentration averaged 1 pg/ml despite the presence of transplanted luteinized follicles. Daily blood samples were analyzed for @entity1420 by radioimmunoassay. Ectopic corpora lutea developed in @entity95 with or without @entity53 treatment. Serum @entity1420 concentrations in the two groups increased above castrate values and were not significantly different from one another through day 5. After day 5, @entity1420 concentrations steadily increased in @entity95 treated with @entity53 and reached a value of 4.8 ng/ml by day 10. In contrast serum @entity1420 steadily decreased after day 5 in @entity95 without @entity53 treatment to a level of 450 pg/ml by day 10. Hysterectomy on day 0 did not prevent this decline in @entity1420 , indicating that a uterine luteolytic agent was not involved. Total luteal weight on day 10 was positively correlated with serum @entity1420 concentration (r equals .92; P greater than 0.01). These results indicate that for a period of approximately 5 days afte r ovulation, the development of the @entity95 ectopic corpus luteum and the secretion of @entity1420 are autonomous from @entity53 secreted by ovarian follicles. After this time, there is an absolute requirement for @entity172 which permits further development of the corpus luteum and the continuation of @entity1420 synthesis.

title: @entity1420 synthesis in developing @entity95 corpora lutea in the absence of follicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1990, a pilot study was begun that evaluated @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ) at five clinical institutions. Data management and coordination of this study was performed at the Medical Practices Evaluation Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. Because of decreased @entity1 enrollment, one institution was dropped. This was a randomized, prospective, clinical study that provided an initial overview of the trial and a rationale for the project. METHODS: @entity1 with clinically significant signs and symptoms of @entity1067 were enrolled in this study. A symptom index consisting of seven items was used to document @entity1 complaints of @entity1069 . Prostate size was determined using ultrasonography. Uroflowmetry (peak flow and mean flow) and residual urine volumes were documented. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed to rule out the presence of a dilated upper urinary tract. Cystoscopy was completed to determine the extent of prostatic and @entity1876 . Trabeculations or cellules in the bladder, if present, were also documented. Conclusions. Preliminary results were obtained. The operative and nonoperative options depending on prostate size are shown in the figures of this article. The use of an interactive video disc has been beneficial in explaining the risks and benefits of each treatment option applicable to the @entity1 in this randomized, controlled study.

title: Indications for treatment of XXXX . The American Urological Association Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic enlargement']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the @entity137 of repeated dosing of Strobilanthes crispus (S. crispus) @entity1068 leaves extract on the @entity8 in @entity35 . METHODS: Young female @entity35 aged between 8 and 12 week-old were randomly assigned into four groups with five animals each group (n=5). The first group served as control, while the second, third and fourth groups were orally treated with a single dose daily with 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg of S. crispus @entity1068 leaves extract for 14 d consecutively. Cage-side observation was conducted for first 4 h after each dosing. The body weight changes, food consumptions and water intake were also recorded. Serum biochemical parameters, i.e., @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, @entity1011 and @entity1133 were determined at Day 15. All results were expressed as mean  SD and analysed using Dunnett's test. RESULTS: It was obtained that 14-day oral administration of S. crispus @entity1068 leaves extract did not cause any adverse effects or lethality to the female @entity35 . No significant changes in serum biochemical parameters, relative organs weights, body weights, food intake and water consumptions were observed between the treatment groups and control. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, 14-day oral administration of S. crispus @entity1068 leaves extract was safe to be consumed in female @entity35 without affecting the @entity8 .

title: Subacute XXXX study of ethanolic leaves extracts of Strobilanthes crispus in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney functions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['oral toxicity']


abstract: Little is known about the contribution of translational control to circadian rhythms. To address this issue and in particular translational control by microRNAs (miRNAs), we knocked down the miRNA biogenesis pathway in @entity238 circadian tissues. In combination with an increase in circadian-mediated transcription, this severely affected @entity238 behavioral rhythms, indicating that miRNAs function in circadian timekeeping. To identify miRNA-mRNA pairs important for this regulation, immunoprecipitation of @entity31167 followed by microarray analysis identified mRNAs under miRNA-mediated control. They included three core clock mRNAs-clock ( @entity19123 ), vrille (vri), and clockworkorange (cwo). To identify miRNAs involved in circadian timekeeping, we exploited circadian cell-specific inhibition of the miRNA biogenesis pathway followed by tiling array analysis. This approach identified miRNAs expressed in @entity238 head circadian tissue. Behavioral and molecular experiments show that one of these miRNAs, the developmental regulator @entity1573 , has a role in the core circadian pacemaker. S2 cell biochemical experiments indicate that @entity1573 regulates the translation of @entity19123 through an association with three target sites located within the @entity31168 ' untranslated region (UTR). Moreover, @entity19123 transgenes harboring mutated @entity1573 sites in their 3' UTRs rescue rhythms of @entity19123 mutant flies much less well than wild-type @entity19123 transgenes.

title: A role for microRNAs in the XXXX circadian clock.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila', 'fly']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE One of the most important causes for recurrence of @entity1653 is @entity41 tissue that remains despite assumed complete resection. Recently, intraoperative visualization of @entity1653 tissue by @entity2518 ( @entity2518 )-induced @entity13880 ( @entity13880 ) fluorescence was reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible surgical benefits of @entity13880 fluorescence for detection of @entity1653 tissue. METHODS @entity2518 was administered preoperatively to 190 @entity1 undergoing resection of 204 @entity1653 . The @entity1653 ' @entity13880 fluorescence status, fluorescence quality (strong or vague), and intratumoral fluorescence homogeneity were investigated during surgery. Additionally, specific sites, including the dural tail, @entity5 -infiltrated bone flap, adjacent cortex, and potential satellite lesions, were analyzed for @entity13880 fluorescence in selected cases. RESULTS @entity13880 fluorescence was observed in 185 (91%) of 204 @entity1653 . In the subgroup of @entity1653 (12 of 204 cases), the dural part showed visible @entity13880 fluorescence in 9 cases (75%), whereas the bony part did not show any @entity13880 fluorescence in 10 cases (83%). Of all fluorescing @entity1653 , 168 (91%) showed strong @entity13880 fluorescence. Typically, most @entity1653 demonstrated homogeneous fluorescence (75% of cases). No @entity13880 fluorescence was observed in any of the investigated 89 dural tails. In contrast, satellite lesions could be identified through @entity13880 fluorescence in 7 cases. Furthermore, @entity5 -infiltrated bone flaps could be visualized by @entity13880 fluorescence in all 13 cases. Notably, @entity13880 fluorescence was also present in the adjacent cortex in 20 (25%) of 80 analyzed cases. CONCLUSIONS The authors' data from this largest @entity1 cohort to date indicate that @entity13880 fluorescence enables intraoperatively visualization of most @entity1653 and allows identification of @entity41 tissue at specific sites. Thus, intraoperative detection of residual @entity1653 tissue by @entity13880 fluorescence might in future reduce the risk of recurrence.

title: Analysis of the surgical benefits of @entity2518 -induced fluorescence in XXXX : experience in 204 @entity1653 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningiomas', 'meningioma', 'sphenoorbital meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity13880 :: ('MESH:C028025', 'Chemical') :: ['PpIX', 'protoporphyrin IX']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningiomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To explore current variations in the use of primary radiotherapy (RT) in a region with two RT departments with adjacent referral areas, one in the eastern and one in the western sector of the southern region of the Netherlands. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We calculated the proportion of 147,588 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity5 between 1988 and 2006 in the southern Netherlands who received primary RT. Especially for @entity0 @entity1 we studied primary RT use according to stage ( @entity0 ) and age and separately for the eastern and western sectors. RESULTS: The number of @entity1 with new diagnoses receiving primary RT increased from 1,668 @entity1 in 1988 to 2,971 @entity1 in 2006, with the proportion of the overall @entity1 receiving RT remaining more or less unchanged (+/-30%). However, only 20% of elderly @entity1 (75+ years) received primary RT. Over time, more @entity1 with prostate and @entity5 , fewer @entity1 with lung and @entity150 or @entity978 , and, recently, more @entity1 with cervical or @entity1204 received RT. The proportion of @entity1 with most other @entity5 types treated with RT remained more or less unchanged. The total RT rate was slightly higher for @entity1 in the eastern sector. Of particular note, @entity1 with @entity0 in the eastern sector were significantly more likely to receive primary RT than were their counterparts in the western sector (odds ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval =1.4-1.5, and odds ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-1.6, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of RT-treated @entity1 increased substantially during 1988 to 2006, the proportion remained essentially unchanged. In addition, large variations were found in referral rates for RT, especially in later years, between the eastern and the western sectors of the region.

title: Population-based study of trends and variations in radiotherapy as part of primary treatment of @entity5 in the southern Netherlands between 1988 and 2006, with an emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and rectal cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast or rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast and rectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of anthropometric measurements and self-reported symptoms of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in a large number of not yet diagnosed or treated @entity1 . Commonly used clinical indices were used to derive a prediction formula that could identify @entity1 at low and high risk for @entity27 . METHODS: Two thousand six hundred ninety @entity1 with suspected @entity27 were enrolled. We obtained weight; height; neck, waist, and hip circumference; and a measure of subjective @entity25 ( @entity25 scale--ESS) prior to diagnostic polysomnography. @entity25 ( @entity25 ) was coded as follows: 0 for ESS  <= 3 (normal), 1 for ESS score 4-9 (normal to mild @entity25 ), 2 for score 10-16 (moderate to severe @entity25 ), and 3 for score >16 (severe @entity25 ). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and derive a prediction formula. RESULTS: Neck circumference (NC) in centimeters, body mass index (BMI) in kilograms per square meter, @entity25 as a code indicating @entity25 severity, and gender as a constant were significant predictors for @entity27 . The derived formula was: AHIpred = NC   0.84 + @entity25   7.78 + BMI   0.91 - [8.2   gender constant (1 or 2) + 37]. The probability that this equation predicts @entity27 greater than 15 correctly was 78%. CONCLUSIONS: Gender, BMI, NC, and @entity25 were significant clinical predictors of @entity27 in Greek subjects. Such a prediction formula can play a role in prioritizing @entity1 for PSG evaluation, diagnosis, and initiation of treatment.

title: XXXX in a large Greek population.

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea index', 'OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive daytime sleepiness severity', 'sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness', 'EDS']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Prediction of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: Oxidative stress occurs in @entity6 @entity1 and experimental models of @entity6 . The ability of @entity534 to ameliorate oxidative stress after treatment with @entity10835 was investigated in @entity35 . Adult male @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally with multiple doses of @entity10835 to produce experimental oxidative stress characteristic of @entity6 . The @entity35 were maintained in this state for eight weeks. @entity35 were decapitated and gastrointestinal tissues were isolated. The results were interpreted and the significance was analyzed using unpaired, two-tailed Student's t tests and two-way repeated measures ANOVA. @entity4854 was observed in the plasma after three days of @entity10835 treatment. This was associated with a @entity308 of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) concentration as well as @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the pylorus and ileum. In addition, the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) levels were significantly elevated, indicating increased lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in the same tissues. @entity534 supplementation (0.15 mg/ml) through drinking water until eight weeks after @entity10835 injection significantly ameliorated the oxidative stress, as evidenced by lower @entity1865 levels as well as higher levels of endogenous @entity2197 , SOD, and CAT (p < 0.001). These effects were paralleled by marked protection and prophylaxis against @entity10835 -induced @entity4854 . Thus, exogenously administered @entity534 might improve the clinical manifestation of @entity6 and decrease the oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the study supports the beneficial effects of @entity534 . These effects might be attributed to its direct, NO-dependent antioxidant capacity and/or NO-independent pathways.

title: Beneficial effects of XXXX against @entity6 -induced oxidative stress in gastrointestinal tissues in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is important to evaluate the long-term effects of therapies for @entity354 ( @entity354 ). In a 12-year study, we compared the effects of therapy with @entity4546 with those of antireflux surgery. METHODS: This open, parallel group study included 310 @entity1 with @entity2910 enrolled from outpatient clinics in Nordic countries. Of the 155 @entity1 randomly assigned to each arm of the study, 154 received @entity4546 (1 withdrew before therapy began), and 144 received surgery (11 withdrew before surgery). In @entity1 who remained in remission after treatment, post-fundoplication complaints, other symptoms, and safety variables were assessed. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 enrolled in the study, 71 who were given @entity4546 (46%) and 53 treated with surgery (37%) were followed for a 12-year follow-up period. At this time point, 53% of @entity1 who underwent surgery remained in continuous remission, compared with 45% of @entity1 given @entity4546 with a dose adjustment (P = .022) and 40% without dose adjustment (P = .002). In addition, 38% of surgical @entity1 required a change in therapeutic strategy (eg, to medical therapy or another operation), compared with 15% of those on @entity4546 . Heartburn and regurgitation were significantly more common in @entity1 given @entity4546 , whereas @entity1282 , rectal flatulence, and the inability to belch or vomit were significantly more common in surgical @entity1 . The therapies were otherwise well-tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: As long-term therapeutic strategies for chronic @entity354 , surgery and @entity4546 are effective and well-tolerated. Antireflux surgery is superior to @entity4546 in controlling overall disease manifestations, but post-fundoplication complaints continue after surgery.

title: Comparison of outcomes twelve years after antireflux surgery or XXXX maintenance therapy for @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Long working hours can lead to an accumulation in fatigue that may increase worker's risk of injury. However, it is not known if this association is different for @entity1 and @entity1 . Our aim was, therefore, to investigate gender differences in the effect of weekly working hours on @entity5281 risk. METHODS: The US National Health Interview Survey is a clustered, stratified, cross-sectional sample representative of the US population, collected using in-household interviews. We pooled seven years of data (2004-2010) comprising 96 915 employed workers. Annualized injury rates per 100 workers were estimated for @entity1 and @entity1 in categories of weekly working hours (<30, 31-40, 41-50, >50 hours/week). Additionally, injury risk was predicted using weighted logistic regression models by weekly working hour categories, stratified by gender, including age, ethnicity, education, type of pay, occupation, body mass index, usual sleep duration, and @entity458 as covariates. RESULTS: Of 96 915 workers, 705 (0.75%) reported an injury in the last 3 months. Injury rates were higher among @entity1 and increased with increasing working hours for both genders. However, results of the adjusted logistic regression model indicated an interactive effect of working hours and gender on injury risk [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.00-1.03). Injury risk increased among @entity1 working 41-50 hours/week (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03-2.21) and >50 hours/week (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.06-2.70) compared to 31-40 hours/week but not among @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate an increase in injury risk with increasing working hours among @entity1 but not @entity1 .

title: Gender differences in the effect of weekly working hours on XXXX risk in the United States working population.

entities_list: @entity5281 :: ('MESH:D060051', 'Disease') :: ['occupational injury']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity5281 :: (MESH:D060051,Disease) :: ['occupational injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 can cause serious health problems for an increasing number of survivors of childhood @entity5 . The aims of this study were to document plasma concentrations of @entity10020 ( @entity10020 ) and NT-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) in a large group of asymptomatic long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 treated with @entity8253 , and to study the relation of the abnormal biomarker levels with different risk factors for @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 and conventional echocardiographic parameters. PROCEDURES: One hundred twenty-two asymptomatic survivors of childhood @entity5 underwent a detailed echocardiography. Blood samples were taken to determine the levels of NT-pro-BNP and @entity10020 . RESULTS: None of the survivors had abnormal @entity10020 levels. Thirteen percent of the survivors (n = 16) had abnormal NT-pro-BNP levels. Abnormal NT-pro-BNP levels were significantly related to cumulative @entity4349 dosage (P < 0.003). Eleven of 31 survivors (35%) treated with cumulative @entity4349 dose of 300 mg/m(2) or more, had abnormal NT-pro-BNP levels which were significantly related to end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter (LVIDd) indexed for body surface area (BSA) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Cardiac TnT does not contribute to the early detection of late onset @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 . Abnormal levels of NT-pro-BNP were detected in 13% of 122 asymptomatic, long-term survivors of childhood @entity5 . Follow-up of these survivors is essential to answer the question whether NT-pro-BNP is an early marker for late onset @entity4349 -induced @entity1370 .

title: Abnormal NT-pro-BNP levels in asymptomatic long-term survivors of childhood XXXX treated with @entity8253 .

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10020 :: ('7139', 'Gene') :: ['cTnT', 'cardiac troponin T']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Water drinking is known to induce the pressor response. The efferent pathway in this response involves sympathoexcitation, because the pressor response was completely abolished by ganglionic blockade or an a(1)-adrenergic antagonist. However, the afferent pathway in this response has not been identified. In the present study, we hypothesized that water itself stimulates the upper digestive tract to induce the pressor response, and/or drinking-related muscle contraction induces the pressor response via mechanoreceptors. To examine this hypothesis, we evaluated the pressor response induced by spontaneous or passive water drinking in conscious @entity35 . Since the baroreflex modulates and obscures the pressor response, the experiments were conducted using @entity35 with sinoaortic denervation. The pressor response was not suppressed by 1) transient oral surface anesthesia using @entity3303 , 2) bilateral denervation of the glossopharyngeal nerve and sensory branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, or 3) denervation of the tunica adventitia in the esophagus. However, the pressor response was significantly suppressed (by -52%) by intravenous @entity2545 administration. Electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve induced the pressor response, which was significantly suppressed (by -57%) by intravenous @entity2545 administration and completely abolished by severing the distal end of this nerve. These results indicate that afferent signals from mechanoreceptors in drinking-related muscles are involved in the water drinking-induced pressor response.

title: Water drinking-related muscle contraction induces the pressor response via mechanoreceptors in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2545 :: ('MESH:C038958', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium chloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A 61-year-old @entity1 on hemodialysis due to @entity177 caused by @entity6 was diagnosed as having ascending @entity694 with multiple liver @entity3 . Colonoscopy revealed a Type 2 @entity5 located in the ascending colon. Abdominal CT showed @entity99 in S8 measuring 8 7 cm and in S6 measuring 5 4 cm, with a number of small @entity5 in the other sites. In order to prevent a @entity548 from the @entity694 , laparoscope-assisted right colectomy was performed. Seventeen days after the operation, oral administration of tegafur @entity5537 (300mg/body/day)and @entity460 folinate(75mg/body/day)was initiated for the treatment of hepatic @entity3 . After three courses of treatment, size reduction of the hepatic @entity3 (the S8 4 3. 5 cm and the S6 2. 5 2. 5 cm)was obtained. Although nine months with seven courses of chemotherapy had passed without significant side effects, the size of hepatic @entity3 increased. Currently, therefore, @entity2600 and cetuximab are being administered as second-line treatment.

title: [A case of stage IV @entity694 effectively treated with tegafur @entity5537 / @entity460 folinate in a XXXX on hemodialysis].

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colonic tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of fibular grafting for fresh @entity2249 with posterior comminution. METHODS: 18 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 aged 20 to 60 years underwent osteosynthesis and fibular strut grafting supplemented with 7.0-mm cannulated hip screws for Garden grades III (n=21) and IV (n=12) @entity2249 associated with posterior comminution. All @entity174 were reduced by closed methods, and no hip was aspirated. Clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean delay in presentation after injury was 3.2 (range, 1-12) days. The mean delay in operation was 8.8 (range, 5-21) days. The mean follow-up period was 2 (range, 1-4) years. According to the Harris hip score, outcome was good to excellent in 20 @entity1 , fair in 7, and poor in 6. 27 of the 33 @entity1 achieved bone union after a mean of 4.7 (range, 4.2-7) months. In 5 @entity1 , the bone was united with a mean of 10   of varus collapse and a mean of 1 cm of shortening. Six @entity1 had non-union. Other complications included screw migration in the joint space (n=1), graft migration into the joint space (n=3), and screw pullout (n=5). No @entity1 had @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . CONCLUSION: Osteosynthesis and fibular grafting for freshly displaced @entity2249 with posterior comminution is an inexpensive and technically less demanding procedure for retaining a stable, painless, mobile, and functional hip.

title: Fixation using cannulated screws and fibular strut grafts for fresh XXXX with posterior comminution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in smoking asthmatics have mostly shown poorer treatment responses than in non-smoking asthmatics. METHODS: EuroSMART, an open, randomised, 6-month study, compared @entity4184 / @entity6410 ( @entity28304 (  ) Turbuhaler(  ))(h) maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART(  )) at two maintenance doses of @entity4184 / @entity6410 (160/4.5  g), 1   2 and 2   2, in @entity1 with @entity565 who were symptomatic despite treatment with ICS    long-acting b(2)-agonists. The 8424 randomised @entity1 included 886 smokers (11%; aged <40 years or with a smoking history <10 pack-years if older), who were compared with a propensity-matched group of non-smokers. At baseline, smokers had lower post-bronchodilator peak expiratory flow, lower peak flow reversibility and used more reliever medication per day. Severe @entity565 exacerbations were counted and changes in five-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) scores from baseline calculated. RESULTS: There were 48 and 47 exacerbations in smokers and non-smokers, respectively. Mean time to first severe exacerbation was not statistically different between the two groups. The mean change in ACQ-5 score was significantly greater in non-smokers. Considering the two treatment options there was a statistically significant prolonged time to first severe exacerbation with 2   2 versus 1   2 in the smokers, but not in the non-smokers. In smokers, the reductions in ACQ-5 scores, @entity565 symptoms, use of as-needed medication and awakenings were also all significant in favour of 2   2 with similar or greater changes than in smokers treated with 1   2. CONCLUSION: @entity748 @entity1 with a limited smoking history benefit from treatment with @entity4184 / @entity6410 maintenance and reliever therapy with dosing 2   2 being superior to 1   2.

title: Do asthmatic smokers benefit as much as non-smokers on XXXX / @entity6410 maintenance and reliever therapy? Results of an open label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['Asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

entities_list: @entity28304 :: ('MESH:C452428', 'Chemical') :: ['Symbicort']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: A novel @entity842 (NO) electrochemical sensor was fabricated by electropolymerization with two-pulse potential method in aqueous solution containing @entity27683 derivative. The experimental results showed this sensor exhibits apparent current response to NO by cyclic voltammetry. Two anodic peaks potential are significantly shifted negatively compared with bare glass @entity505 electrode (GCE). Chronocoulometry were used to further validate the electron transfer process of NO oxidization on this sensor. The results indicated that oxidation of NO proceeds in two steps. The first step leading to @entity6836 involves one-electron transfer process and the second step corresponding to the oxidation of @entity6836 to @entity8326 involves two-electron transfer process. The amperometric response is linear with NO concentration ranging from 1.8x10(-7) to 1.0x10(-4) mol L(-1) with a linear coefficient of 0.9993. The detection limit of NO is 2.3x10(-8) mol L(-1) (S/N=3). After possible interferences were tested, NO release from the @entity35 heart cells stimulated by @entity534 was measured using this sensor. The result is satisfactory.

title: @entity842 sensor based on XXXX derivative modified electrode and its application in @entity35 heart.

entities_list: @entity27683 :: ('MESH:C470024', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (p-phenylenevinylene)']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity27683 :: (MESH:C470024,Chemical) :: ['poly (p-phenylenevinylene)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this analysis was to provide psychometric information related to the @entity0 Prevention Trial (BCPT) Symptom Checklist in @entity1 with @entity0 prior to the initiation of adjuvant therapy and 6 months post-initiation of therapy. METHODS: This investigation was a secondary analysis of baseline data from the @entity13558 Use in Menopausal @entity1 (AIM) Study (R01 CA 107408). The data used in this study were obtained from @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 and who received adjuvant therapy that included chemotherapy alone, @entity13558 alone, and chemotherapy plus @entity13558 . Data were examined before adjuvant therapy (n=278), and at 6 months post-adjuvant therapy (n=195). Construct validity was examined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3795 ), and the internal consistency of each resulting subscale was computed. Discriminant validity evidence was obtained by correlating BCPT subscales with subscales from the MOS SF-36. RESULTS: A seven-factor structure was extracted from the 42 items at baseline; an eight-factor structure was found using 6-month data. @entity3795 was performed to compare the baseline and 6-month models as well as an eight-factor model recommended by Cella et al. Findings revealed that the two eight-factor models best represented the data. Low negative correlations with the subscales of the MOS SF-36 provided discriminant validity evidence. CONCLUSION: This analysis provides evidence for the reliability, discriminant validity, and factor structure of the BCPT Symptom Checklist. Further testing of this instrument is needed to confirm the factor structure of this measure.

title: Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the BCPT Symptom Checklist with a sample of XXXX @entity1 before and after adjuvant therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'Stage I, II, and IIIa breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['Anastrozole', 'anastrozole']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of @entity3931 and @entity2493 in the " @entity35 femoral @entity455 model". MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our study, the " @entity35 Femoral Artery @entity2553 Model" as has been used in similar previous studies. The @entity35 were divided into five groups as followings: Group 1 (n = 8): control group; Group 2: (n = 8) @entity2553 group, Group 3 (n = 8): @entity2553 + @entity2493 group; Group 4 (n = 8): @entity2553 + @entity3931 group; Group 5 (n = 8 @entity35 ): @entity2553 + @entity2493 + @entity3931 group. RESULTS: When compared to Group 1 and Group 2 had had a statistically significant reduction in lumen diameter. There was no statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 4 in terms of the mean vessel lumen area. There was a statistically significant difference between the wall thickness of Group 2 and the Group 3, 4 and 5. The maximum reduction of wall thickness was observed in Group 5. The lumen diameter was found to be increased significantly when Group 2 was compared with Group 3, 4 and 5. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we have determined the development of experimental peripheral @entity2553 had been reduced by the @entity2493 and @entity3931 in which this effect is increased further when they were used concomitantly. Our study is the first research on this issue to investigate the effect of these agents.

title: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF XXXX AND @entity3931 ON VASOSPASM IN A @entity35 MODEL OF FEMORAL ARTERY VASOSPASM.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['MELATONIN']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity900 on long-term (5-year) survival of @entity1 with stage @entity3847 to IIB cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-three consecutive @entity1 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage @entity3847 to IIB @entity5 were treated with intravenous @entity1311 (60 mg/m), followed by intravenous @entity900 (60 mg/m) every 10 days. Two weeks after the third cycle of chemotherapy, the @entity1 underwent surgery or radiation therapy, depending on overall condition. They were followed up, and 5-year survival rates and factors affecting prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS: All of 43 @entity1 underwent surgery. Of the 43 @entity1 , 17 (39.5%) showed a complete response, 22 (51.2%) had a partial response to @entity900 - @entity1311 , making the overall response rate 90.7%; the remaining 4 @entity1 (9.3%) had a stable disease. A down-staging response was seen in 72.1% (31/43) of @entity1 showing a response. After surgery, @entity1 received adjuvant therapy according to their pathological findings. Among the 43 @entity1 , 37 were followed up. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 94.5% and 89.2%, respectively. Initial stage, response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, differentiation, depth of invasion after chemotherapy, and @entity3 were significantly correlated with survival. Differences in @entity27299 , @entity5 size, and stage before and after chemotherapy were also significantly correlated with survival. In contrast, initial @entity5 size, carcinoembryonic antigen concentration, cell type, and lymphovascular invasion did not correlate significantly with survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: Combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity1311 and @entity900 may improve long-term survival of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: Neoadjuvant @entity1311 and @entity900 in XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'uterine cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['uterine cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety of immediate discharge after parathyroidectomy and to establish a protocol for the amount and duration of supplemental orally administered @entity460 for @entity1 with varied clinical presentations of @entity459 . METHODS: A 40-months, prospective, single institution, cohort study of 3,000 consecutive @entity1 undergoing parathyroidectomy and discharged within 2.5 hours after the operation is reviewed. The amount of oral @entity460 supplementation prescribed postoperatively varied according to a protocol that considered the degree of serum @entity460 elevation preoperatively as well as the intraoperative findings ( @entity1373 versus @entity652 ). Symptoms of @entity3747 were tracked, and all surgical outcomes were monitored. RESULTS: With use of the reported protocol, less than 7% of @entity1 had postoperative symptoms of @entity3747 , most of whom were successfully self-treated with additional orally administered @entity460 . Only 6 @entity1 (0.2%) required a visit to the emergency department for intravenous @entity460 infusion, all occurring on postoperative day 3 or later, and none of these @entity1 required rehospitalization. Postoperative @entity460 requirements varied on the basis of the degree of serum @entity460 elevation preoperatively, number of @entity3243 removed or subjected to biopsy, presence of morbid @entity28 , and presence of severe @entity170 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity459 can be sent home immediately after successful parathyroidectomy, provided specific measures are taken regarding postoperative oral @entity460 supplementation. Use of a specific @entity460 dosing protocol that considers several @entity1 variables will prevent the postoperative development of symptomatic @entity3747 in 93% of @entity1 , identify @entity1 at high risk of @entity3747 , and allow most @entity1 who develop symptoms of @entity3747 to self-medicate in a simple and predictable fashion. Routine monitoring of postoperative serum @entity460 levels in the hospital can be safely eliminated if the details of this protocol are followed.

title: Safety of immediate discharge after parathyroidectomy: a prospective study of 3,000 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of a self-expandable, double-disk biodegradable device made of @entity7049 ( @entity15274 ) for closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) in @entity1707 . METHODS: @entity118 were created by transseptal needle puncture followed by @entity384 in 20 piglets. The experimental group comprised 18 animals, while the remaining 2 animals were used as controls. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated by rectal temperature, leukocyte count, chest radiography, electrocardiogram, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), and histologic studies. Animals were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: An @entity2438 model was successfully created in 19 animals; 1 piglet died during the procedure. The @entity2438 diameters that were created ranged from 5 to 6.4 mm. Devices were successfully implanted in 17 animals. No animal died during the follow-up studies. Rectal temperatures and electrocardiograms were normal at follow-up, while leukocyte counts transiently increased from 1 to 6 months. Radiography, TTE, ICE, and macroscopic studies demonstrated that @entity15274 occluders were positioned well, with no shifting, mural @entity715 formation, or @entity338 . Histologic evaluations showed that @entity15274 devices were partially degraded in the follow-up study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2438 closure with the novel @entity15274 biodegradable device is safe and effective. Longer-term studies are needed to evaluate long-term biodegradability.

title: A Novel-Design @entity7049 Biodegradable Device for Closure of XXXX : Long-Term Results in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity7049 :: ('MESH:C010506', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-L-lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['Atrial Septal Defect']


abstract: @entity1030 of @entity3465 (CLD) is commonly considered to be a consequence of assisted ventilation. However, prior to the description in 1967 of @entity2107 ( @entity2107 ), following ventilator therapy for @entity649 , @entity2360 ( @entity2360 ) had been described in very preterm @entity1 on minimal @entity26 supplementation. In the 1970s and 1980s, many @entity1 treated with assisted ventilation required prolonged mechanical ventilation after developing radiographic features of coarse infiltrates, severe hyperinflation, and microcystic changes, associated with hypercarbemia and the need for increased inspired @entity26 concentrations. Some @entity1 died and showed evidence of @entity3794 , obstructive @entity5924 , and @entity6349 change. The role of supplemental @entity26 , positive pressure ventilation, and the immaturity of the lung have long been considered important in the etiology of CLD/ @entity2107 . More recently, the @entity32 (particularly antenatal exposure to cytokines) and individual susceptibility (genetic predisposition) have assumed greater etiologic importance. The historical setting into which corticosteroid treatment for @entity2107 was introduced is also discussed. After the licensing of exogenous surfactant to treat @entity4290 in the early 1990s and more widespread use of prenatal corticosteroids in the mid-1990s, severe @entity2107 became an unusual event. Gradually, the diagnosis of CLD, still often referred to as @entity2107 , was based on an @entity26 requirement at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. However, it is not clear that this 'new @entity2107 ' is substantially different from @entity2360 . It is difficult to make prognostications about long-term lung function of these @entity1 based on @entity26 'requirement' at 36 weeks, since supplemental @entity26 is frequently used unnecessarily.

title: @entity1030 of XXXX : a short history.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['role of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia', 'BPD']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity2360 :: ('MESH:D006527', 'Disease') :: ['WMS', 'Wilson-Mikity syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity3465 :: (MESH:C536271,Disease) :: ['prematurity']


abstract: @entity30867 spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that cause characteristic hostrestricted hemotropic @entity281 in mammals and are typically transmitted by blood-sucking arthropods. In the @entity1 reservoir, these bacteria initially infect a yet unrecognized primary niche, which seeds organisms into the blood stream leading to the establishment of a long-lasting intra-erythrocytic @entity2259 as the hall-mark of @entity281 . Bacterial type IV secretion systems, which are supra-molecular transporters ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation systems, represent crucial pathogenicity factors that have contributed to a radial expansion of the @entity30867 lineage in nature by facilitating adaptation to unique @entity1 hosts. On the molecular level, the type IV secretion system VirB/VirD4 is known to translocate a cocktail of different effector proteins into host cells, which subvert multiple cellular functions to the benefit of the infecting pathogen. Furthermore, bacterial adhesins mediate a critical, early step in the pathogenesis of the bartonellae by binding to extracellular matrix components of host cells, which leads to firm bacterial adhesion to the cell surface as a prerequisite for the efficient translocation of type IV secretion effector proteins. The best-studied adhesins in bartonellae are the orthologous trimeric autotransporter adhesins, BadA in @entity2711 and the Vomp family in @entity30867 . Genetic diversity and strain variability also appear to enhance the ability of bartonellae to invade not only specific reservoir hosts, but also accidental hosts, as shown for @entity2711 . Bartonellae have been identified in many different blood-sucking arthropods, in which they are typically found to cause extracellular @entity281 of the mid-gut epithelium. Adaptation to specific vectors and reservoirs seems to be a common strategy of bartonellae for transmission and host diversity. However, knowledge regarding arthropod specificity/restriction, the mode of transmission, and the bacterial factors involved in arthropod @entity281 and transmission is still limited.

title: Ecological fitness and strategies of adaptation of XXXX species to their hosts and vectors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae', 'B. henselae']

entities_list: @entity30867 :: ('803', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella', 'Bartonella quintana']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity30867 :: (803,Species) :: ['Bartonella']


abstract: The @entity5 -associated-Ag @entity3059 is expressed by most @entity1 @entity320 . The genes encoding an alphabeta @entity6057 from a @entity3059 -specific, HLA-A2-restricted, @entity1 T cell clone have been efficiently transferred and expressed in @entity1 PBL. These retrovirally transduced PBL cultures were @entity3059 peptide reactive, and most cultures recognized HLA-A2+ melanoma lines. Limiting dilution clones were generated from three bulk transduced PBL cultures to investigate the function of individual clones within the transduced cultures. Twenty-nine of 29 CD8+ clones specifically secreted @entity379 in response to T2 cells pulsed with @entity3059 (27-35) peptide, and 23 of 29 specifically secreted @entity379 in response to HLA-A2+ melanoma lines. Additionally, 23 of 29 CD8+ clones lysed T2 cells pulsed with the @entity3059 (27-35) peptide and 15 of 29 lysed the HLA-A2+ melanoma line 888. CD4+ clones specifically secreted @entity379 in response to T2 cells pulsed with the @entity3059 (27-35) peptide. @entity6057 gene transfer to @entity1 PBL can produce CTL with anti- @entity5 reactivity in vitro and could potentially offer a treatment for @entity1 with @entity320 . This approach could also be applied to the treatment of other @entity5 and @entity1800 . Additionally, @entity6057 gene transfer offers unique opportunities to study the fate of adoptively transferred T cells in vivo.

title: Efficient transfer of a XXXX antigen-reactive @entity6057 to @entity1 peripheral blood lymphocytes confers anti- @entity5 reactivity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infections']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10409 ( @entity10409 ), a @entity3002 , predominantly occurs in @entity1 of @entity1 -bearing age. We set out to determine the clinical course and maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant @entity1 with pre-existing @entity10409 . METHODS: @entity1 were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire assessing the clinical course of @entity10409 before, during and after pregnancy, as well as complications of pregnancy, labor and delivery and fetal outcomes. RESULTS: Among 10 @entity1 with pre-existing @entity10409 (pregnancy age 28    7 years, range 16-39), with a total of 17 live births, two were complicated by @entity1468 , 14 were normal vaginal deliveries and three were C-sections. The rate of severe @entity391 or @entity7494 gravidarum in the first trimester was 59%. There were no stillbirths or @entity154 . The average birth weight was 3076    733 grams, with two @entity1 born premature. During pregnancy, @entity10409 symptoms were either improved or stable in six of 10 @entity1 , and four of these six @entity1 utilized medications for @entity10409 . Six months after delivery, @entity10409 symptoms were improved in three, stable in two and worsened in five @entity1 compared to before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10409 may have a variable clinical course in pregnancy, with 60% of @entity1 reporting either improved or stable symptoms during pregnancy, and 50% of @entity1 reporting either improved or stable symptoms 6 months after delivery. There may be a higher rate of severe @entity391 in the first trimester in @entity1 with @entity10409 than in general population.

title: Pregnancy in XXXX : clinical course and maternal and fetal outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10409 :: ('MESH:D054972', 'Disease') :: ['Postural tachycardia syndrome', 'POTS']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of the autonomic nervous system']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity10409 :: (MESH:D054972,Disease) :: ['postural tachycardia syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome of strabismus surgery for @entity30640 (SOP) in relation to correction of head tilt and @entity15170 . The cohort of @entity1 mainly involved very young @entity1 . This is the first study to use a standardized instrument to objectively measure torticollis before and after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A non-comparative interventional case series of 13 cases of @entity30640 with head tilt, who underwent simultaneous superior oblique tuck and inferior oblique recession between Jan 2000 and Dec 2008, were studied. RESULTS: The mean duration of SOP until surgery was 36.8 months. Of the 12 unilateral cases, 8 were right-sided. Mean follow-up period was 17 months (range 7-36). The outcome was determined at the last follow-up. Mean pre-and post-operative @entity15170 (p.d.) in forced primary position was 19    7 and 2    6, respectively ( P < 0.0001). The head tilt reduced from mean of 17    9 to 2    2 degrees ( P < 0.0001). Success, defined as @entity15170 <5 PD and head tilt less than 5 degrees, was achieved in 69% (9/13. C.I. 42-88%) and 85% (11/13. C.I. 56-96%), respectively. The success rate for achieving both criteria was 61.5% (C.I. 35-88%). Five @entity1 required additional surgery; usually a contralateral inferior rectus muscle recession, which was successful in all cases. One case developed asymptomatic @entity3312 (7.69% - C.I. 6.7-22.2). CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous superior oblique tuck and inferior oblique muscle recession can successfully treat selected cases of @entity30640 . About one-third required an additional procedure, which led to total normalization of the head position.

title: Effect of strabismus surgery on torticollis caused by @entity30640 in young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity30640 :: ('MESH:C565007', 'Disease') :: ['congenital superior oblique palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['Brown syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The objective of this study was to prepare and evaluate the pectin-based dosage form for @entity14705 . @entity8743 , which is used for the treatment of aphthous @entity9645 , was used as a model drug. The pectin buccal discs were prepared by direct compression. The water uptake and erosion of pectin disc increased progressively with the swelling time. The bioadhesion of dried pectin discs decreased when either the discs were hydrated or the buccal tissue was wet with a small volume of medium. The influencing factors such as pectin type, pectin to @entity1132 ratio, and sweetener type on the formulations were investigated. The results demonstrated that buccal discs prepared from pectin with a high degree of esterification (DE) showed a weaker and more friable characteristic than that with low DE. Decreasing pectin to @entity1132 ratio resulted in the high dissolution rate with low bioadhesive properties. Addition of sweetener in the formulations also affected the @entity3358 , friability, and bioadhesive properties of the discs. The pectin discs containing sweetening agent showed a higher drug release than those without sweetener. The results suggested that pectin-based bioadhesive discs could be used to deliver @entity8743 in oral cavity.

title: Pectin-based bioadhesive delivery of XXXX for aphthous @entity9645 .

entities_list: @entity8743 :: ('MESH:D002229', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenoxolone sodium', 'Carbenoxolone sodium']

entities_list: @entity14705 :: ('MESH:D007967', 'Disease') :: ['buccal adhesion']

entities_list: @entity9645 :: ('MESH:D019226', 'Disease') :: ['ulcers in oral cavity']

answer: @entity8743 :: (MESH:D002229,Chemical) :: ['carbenoxolone sodium']


abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been shown to affect phytoplankton species directly. These interactions largely depend on the origin and molecular size of @entity13304 and are different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In a preceding study, however, two humic substance preparations did not adversely affect coccal green algae or cyanobacterial growth even at high concentrations of dissolved organic @entity505 ( @entity4420 ). These results contradicted previous findings, showing a clear, negative response of different phototrophs to much lower @entity4420 concentrations. To test whether or not at least defined building blocks of humic substances (HSs) are effective algicidal structures, we enriched two humic preparations with @entity8156 and @entity3276 , respectively, and exposed two different green algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Monoraphidium braunii, and two cyanobacterial species, Synechocystis sp. and @entity16589 , to the unmodified and enriched HSs. As response variables, growth rates in terms of biomass increase, chlorophyll-a content, and photosynthetic yield were measured. The highest concentration (4.17 mM @entity4420 ) of the modified HSs clearly inhibited growth; the cyanobacterial species were much more sensitive than the green algal species. However, realistic ecological concentrations did not adversely affect growth. Aerating the exposure solution for 24 h strongly reduced the inhibitory effect of the modified HSs. The algicidal effect was obviously caused by monomers and not by polymerised high molecular weight HSs themselves. Furthermore, the maximum quantum yield (   PSII max) was stimulated in the green algal species by low and medium @entity4420 concentrations, but reduced in the cyanobacterial species upon exposure to higher HS concentrations. The @entity3276 - and @entity3971 -enriched HSs only showed algicidal activity at high concentrations of 4.17 mM @entity4420 and lost their effects over time, presumably by oxidation and subsequent polymerisation. This study confirms that the applied humic substances themselves are not effective algicides even if enriched in effective structures.

title: Does @entity3276 or XXXX enrichment of humic substances alter the primary compound from a non-algicidal to an algicidal preparation?

entities_list: @entity3276 :: ('MESH:C004532', 'Chemical') :: ['quinone', 'p-benzoquinone']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['Microcystis aeruginosa']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['phenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) is a means to guide early implementation of new developments in society, and can be used as an evaluation tool for @entity245 ( @entity245 ). We used CTA for the introduction of a new diagnostic test in the Netherlands, the 70-gene prognosis signature (MammaPrint) for node-negative @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: Studied aspects were (organizational) efficiency, @entity1 -centeredness and diffusion scenarios. Pre-post structured surveys were conducted in fifteen community hospitals concerning changes in logistics and teamwork as a consequence of the introduction of the 70-gene signature. @entity1 -centeredness was measured by questionnaires and interviews regarding knowledge and psychological impact of the test. Diffusion scenarios, which are commonly applied in industry to anticipate on future development and diffusion of their products, have been applied in this study. RESULTS: Median implementation-time of the 70-gene signature was 1.2 months. Most changes were seen in pathology processes and adjuvant treatment decisions. Physicians valued the addition of the 70-gene signature information as beneficial for @entity1 management. @entity1 -centeredness (n = 77, response 78 percent): @entity1 receiving a concordant high-risk and discordant clinical low/high risk-signature showed significantly more negative emotions with respect to receiving both test-results compared with concordant low-risk and discordant clinical high/low risk-signature @entity1 . The first scenario was written in 2004 before the introduction of the 70-gene signature and identified hypothetical developments that could influence diffusion; especially the "what-if" deviation describing a discussion on validity among physicians proved to be realistic. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in speed of implementation and influenced treatment decisions were seen. Impact on @entity1 seems especially related to discordance and its successive communication. In the future, scenario drafting will lead to input for model-based cost-effectiveness analysis. Finally, CTA can be useful as a tool to guide @entity245 by adding monitoring and anticipation on possible developments during early implementation, to the assessment of promising new technologies.

title: Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA) as a tool in coverage with evidence development: the case of the 70-gene prognosis signature for XXXX diagnostics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Coverage with Evidence Development', 'CED']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study to develop an @entity1797 organ culture model, using coccygeal @entity291 @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) and injection of proteolytic enzymes @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an in vitro model of enzyme-mediated @entity1797 to mimic the clinical outcome in @entity1 for investigation of therapeutic treatment options. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity291 @entity1798 are comparable with @entity1 @entity1798 in terms of cell composition and biomechanical behavior. Researchers injected papain and trypsin into them to create an @entity1797 model with a degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) area. They achieved macroscopic cavities as well as a loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, none of these enzymes are clinically relevant. METHODS: @entity291 @entity1798 were harvested maintaining the endplates. Active forms of @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 were injected at a dose of 10  g/mL each. @entity1391 -buffered saline was injected as a control. Discs were cultured for 8 days and loaded diurnally (days 1-4 with    0.4 MPa for 16 hr) and left under free swelling condition from days 4 to 8 to avoid expected artifacts because of dehydration of the NP. Outcome parameters included disc height, metabolic cell activity, DNA content, GAG content, total collagen content, relative gene expression, and histological investigation. RESULTS: The mean metabolic cell activity was significantly lower in the NP area of discs injected with @entity31034 than the day 0 control discs. Disc height was decreased after injection with @entity31035 and was significantly correlated with changes in GAG/DNA of the NP tissue. Total collagen content tended to be lower in groups injected with @entity31034 and @entity31033 . CONCLUSION: @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 provoked neither visible matrix degradation nor major shifts in gene expression. However, cell activity was significantly reduced and @entity31035 induced @entity393 height that positively correlated with changes in GAG/DNA content. The use of higher doses of these enzymes or a combination thereof may, therefore, be necessary to induce @entity1797 .

title: Assessment of the matrix degenerative effects of @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and XXXX , injected into a @entity291 intervertebral disc organ culture model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of disc']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral discs', 'IVDs']

answer: @entity31035 :: (282326(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['HTRA1']


abstract: The thyroid gland is a relatively uncommon site for a secondary @entity5 ; even less common is a case of @entity320 metastatic to the thyroid. We describe the case of a 68-year-old @entity1 who presented with a neck mass in the posterior triangle. @entity400 ( @entity400 ) identified the mass as a @entity320 . The @entity1 had had no known primary @entity320 . He underwent a left modified radical neck dissection, and the mass was discovered to be a positive lymph node. Postoperatively, he declined to undergo radio- and chemotherapy. Eighteen months later, he returned with a diffusely enlarged thyroid. @entity400 again attributed the enlargement to @entity320 . Soon thereafter, the @entity1 began experiencing @entity410 , and on magnetic resonance imaging, he was found to have metastatic disease to the brain. He developed ventilator-dependent @entity1576 and required a subtotal thyroidectomy for the placement of a tracheostomy tube. @entity1 who present with a thyroid nodule and who have a history of @entity5 present a diagnostic dilemma: Is the nodule benign, a new primary, or a distant @entity3 ? The findings of this case and a review of the literature strengthen the argument that any @entity1 with a @entity1374 and a history of @entity5 should be considered to have a @entity3 until proven otherwise.

title: XXXX metastatic to the thyroid gland: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['Fine-needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['skin melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid mass']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant melanoma']


abstract: @entity398 (OT) is well known for its role in reproduction. However, evidence has emerged suggesting a role in cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardioprotective effect of @entity398 on @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R) injury in an in vivo @entity35 . @entity741 , was surgically induced by means of left anterior descending @entity1563 for 25 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. @entity1188 size was evaluated using the staining agent @entity5045 . @entity908 kinase-MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in plasma were analyzed to assess the degree of @entity299 . Intraperitoneal administration of OT 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 microg significantly reduced @entity1188 size, LDH and CK-MB levels as compared to control (I/R) group and it had a biphasic effect on the reduction of @entity63 /reperfusion injury. This biphasic effect was revealed as a U-shaped curve in which efficacy was optimal between very low and very high doses. Furthermore there were no significant differences in mean arterial pressure or heart rate between the OT treatment groups and control group during I/R. Blockade of specific OT receptors by @entity18219 (10(-6)M) abolished or attenuated the effect of OT preconditioning. The result of this study shows that OT possess a dose-dependent cardioprotective effect against @entity63 /reperfusion injury and so study of OT preconditioning may provide a new target site for therapeutic exploitation.

title: Biphasic protective effect of XXXX on @entity299 /reperfusion injury in anaesthetized @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin', 'Oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: 1. Irregular light falshes were played on to one eye of dark adapted @entity95 for periods of 20-80 min. The concentration of @entity1130 ( @entity5581 ) and of @entity750 ( @entity750 ) were estimated in left and right superior colliculi, thalami and hippocampi. 2. In @entity95 exposed to such visual stimuli for 30-60 min, there was an increase in the @entity5581 content of the colliculus contralateral to the stimulated retina which aberaged 17% (P = 0-02), but no rise was seen if the exposure was shortened to 20 or prolonged to 80 min. At no time was there a difference in @entity5581 content between right and left thalamus or right and left hippocampus. 3. Stationary or strictly repetitive visual stimuli produced no difference between the @entity5581 content of left and right superior colliculus. 4. No difference in @entity750 concentration between the two colliculi was found after any form of visual stimulation, nor did any changes occur in the other parts of the brain which were examined. 5. Irregular, prolonged visual stimualtion thus appears to activate tryptaminergic neurones terminating in the colliculi. The possibility is discussed that the @entity750 released at this site might act as a brake to neuronal activity under conditions when habituation to the stimuli is not yet complete.

title: Increase by visual stimuli in turnover of @entity750 in the superior colliculi of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the first case of surgical treatment for severe @entity3792 associated with @entity1576 in a @entity1 with @entity4094 with uniform type 1 fibers (CNMDU1), including management of the possible onset of @entity590 ( @entity590 ) in general anesthesia. CNMDU1 is rare among @entity4094 , and surgery for @entity85 in CNMDU1 has not been described. Onset of @entity590 in general anesthesia is a concern in this disease. METHODS: A 13-year-old female with @entity1957 , suspected @entity121 , and severe @entity85 was followed at another pediatric hospital before referral to Meijo Hospital. Symptoms at the initial consultation were mild general @entity425 and @entity2057 . The rib hump was 60   and trunk balance was poor. The tendon reflex showed @entity427 , and blood tests were normal. Vital capacity was 0.69 L and forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 s was 75.5%, showing a restrictive and obstructive @entity1576 . A plain radiograph showed severe @entity3792 with @entity1514 of 130   (T5-L1) and @entity1513 of 110   (T2-T12) with almost no flexibility in bending or traction film. RESULTS: After preoperative halo traction for 2 months, one-stage anterior and posterior correction and fusion from T2 to L3 was conducted. @entity590 did not occur, but recovery of respiratory function required 8 days by intubation after surgery. Postoperatively, @entity1513 improved to 25   and @entity1514 was 66   (correction rate: 49%). Pathological results of an intraoperative muscle biopsy from the paraspinal muscles confirmed the diagnosis of CNMDU1. At 6 years after surgery, the @entity1 has no problems in daily life and no respiratory difficulty. CONCLUSION: @entity85 in CNMDU1 has a risk of severe progression, which makes early diagnosis by biopsy important. The surgery may be recommended before severe progression of @entity85 and @entity1576 . Perioperative @entity590 is a concern, but can be managed by appropriate procedures.

title: XXXX associated with @entity4094 with uniform type 1 fibers.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neuromuscular diseases', 'congenital neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorder', 'ventilatory defect']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'Spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'malignant hyperthermia']

answer: @entity3792 :: (MESH:C565711,Disease) :: ['Kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: A male @entity1 weighting 2970 g with total situs inversus, @entity4032 , @entity1518 , @entity15960 , and @entity299 , was admitted to our hospital. At 4 days of age, he underwent surgery that revealed a blood vessel passing over the duodenum from the mesenterium to the porta hepatis. A loose overbridging duodenoduodenostomy was performed to prevent compression of the vessel. The @entity299 were corrected, and he could eat unrestricted diets. At the age of 1 year and 3 months, a 3-dimensional computed tomographic scan demonstrated that the vessel on the duodenum was the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and it formed the portal vein with the splenic vein at the porta hepatis. Further, the scan revealed no compression of the SMV at the @entity254 . Doppler ultrasonography revealed a normal portal blood flow of 118.6 mL/min. This report describes the junction between the SMV and the splenic vein in a @entity1 who had the SMV passing over the duodenum from the mesenterium. Correctly, @entity1 previously diagnosed with a @entity6315 could have a preduodenal SMV. The loose overbridging duodenoduodenostomy had advantages not only in passage of the @entity254 but also in maintenance of the portal blood flow for the @entity9727 with the preduodenal SMV.

title: Evaluation of the portal vein after duodenoduodenostomy for @entity15960 associated with the preduodenal superior mesenteric vein, situs inversus, XXXX , and @entity1518 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['congenital duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['malrotation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['complex cardiac anomalies', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['polysplenia']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['preduodenal portal vein']

entities_list: @entity15960 :: ('MESH:C535720', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal stenosis']

answer: @entity4032 :: (MESH:D059446,Disease) :: ['polysplenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local recurrences after breast-conserving surgery occur mostly at the site of the @entity189 . The main objective of postoperative radiotherapy is sterilization of @entity5 cells. Whole-breast radiotherapy is the standard of care, but its utility has recently been challenged in favor of radiotherapy limited to the area at highest risk of recurrence. Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOeRT) is an innovative technique for accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) that is applied to selected @entity1 affected by early @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with IOeRT at the Rambam Health Care Campus in Haifa since we began utilizing this modality in 2006. METHODS: From April 2006 to September 2010, 31 @entity1 affected by unifocal @entity0 < or = 2 cm diameter received wide local resection followed by intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons. @entity1 were evaluated for early and late complications, and other events, 1 month after surgery and every 3 months thereafter for the duration of the first 2 years. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 36 months, seven @entity1 developed mild @entity0 and three suffered from mild @entity86 . Rib fractures were observed in four @entity1 before routine lead shielding was initiated. Additional whole-breast irradiation was given to four @entity1 . None of the @entity1 developed local recurrences or other @entity5 . Similarly, no @entity5 or distant metastases were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative electron radiotherapy may be an alternative to external beam radiation therapy in an appropriate selected group of @entity0 @entity1 . However, long-term results of clinical trials are required to better evaluate the indications and utility of this technique in the management of @entity0 .

title: Breast-conserving surgery and intraoperative electron radiotherapy in early XXXX : experience at the Rambam Health Care Campus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast fibrosis', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer', 'invasive duct breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral cancers', 'residual cancer', 'contralateral cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 and @entity101 have been suggested to be involved in the progression of @entity8 . Recently, we developed a model of accelerated major histocompatibility complex-independent @entity8 , where high-renin @entity101 aggravates functional and morphological changes induced by @entity63 /reperfusion (I/R). In this model, we evaluated the effect of immunosuppressant @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) to test its capability to slow the progression of accelerated @entity8 . METHODS: 34 anesthetized uninephrectomized hypertensive transgenic (mREN2)27 @entity35 (TGR) received a clamp on the renal pedicle for 45 min. Animals were treated with @entity2098 10 mg/kg/day (n = 10), 20 mg/kg/day (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10) orally via gavage for 12 weeks. Four animals were sham operated and not treated. @entity644 and blood pressure were evaluated throughout the experiment. At the end of the experiment, kidney function was evaluated and kidneys harvested for morphological analysis and immunohistochemistry ( @entity11264 +, CD8+ lymphocytes and specific @entity35 monocyte/macrophage marker ED-1+ cells). RESULTS: At week 12, both @entity2098 -treated groups had lower @entity644 as compared to the placebo group ( @entity2098 10: 22.4 +/- 9.8, @entity2098 20: 20.9 +/- 5.6 vs. 126.7 +/- 35.8; p < 0.01; sham 28.1 +/- 1.4 mg/day) and reduced @entity631 ( @entity2098 10: 11.4 +/- 7.8, @entity2098 20: 5.2 +/- 2.7 vs. 20.9 +/- 10.9; p < 0.05; sham 15.7 +/- 9.2%). There were no differences in systolic blood pressure among groups. @entity2098 -treated @entity35 had lower @entity11264 + ( @entity2098 10: 61.2 +/- 46.4, @entity2098 20: 29.3 +/- 18.2 vs. 125.3 +/- 42.8; p < 0.01, sham 84.9 +/- 6.1 cells/field of view) and CD8+ ( @entity2098 10: 13.7 +/- 10.2, @entity2098 20: 10.0 +/- 8.1 vs. 37.8 +/- 14.3; p < 0.01; sham: 31.8 +/- 7.6 cells/field of view) lymphocytes infiltration and ED-1 macrophages infiltration ( @entity2098 10: 5.5 +/- 6.4, @entity2098 20: 2.5 +/- 2.8 vs. 16.7 +/- 4.1; p < 0.01; sham 12.2 +/- 4.6 cells/field of view) than placebo-treated @entity35 . CONCLUSION: Our results thus support the hypothesis about the key role of immune mechanisms in progression of chronic @entity8 .

title: @entity618 ameliorates accelerated progressive @entity8 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria', 'proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal ischemia', 'nephropathy', 'nephropathies', 'renal diseases', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: This study was conducted to determine periodontal changes in postmenopausal @entity0 ( @entity0 ) survivors using @entity4819 inhibitors (AI) as compared to postmenopausal @entity1 without @entity0 . METHODS: An 18 month prospective examination of periodontal health in postmenopausal @entity1 (29 receiving AI therapy; 29 @entity1 without @entity0 ) was conducted at University of Michigan. Comprehensive periodontal examinations including alveolar bone height (ABH) were conducted at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. @entity5520 , @entity560 , and @entity460 supplementation was collected via chart review. Linear mixed models were utilized to investigate the relationship between AIs and periodontal measures. RESULTS: AI users had significantly, deeper probing depths, more @entity2524 as compared to controls at the 6, 12, and18 month study visits (P <0.05). @entity604 was seen over time within AI group. The linear mixed model showed a significant effect of time as well as an interaction between @entity4819 inhibitor use and @entity460 supplement status. AI users taking @entity460 experienced less @entity604 over the study than AI users not taking @entity460 (P=.005). CONCLUSION: @entity4819 inhibitor therapy has a negative impact on the periodontal health of postmenopausal @entity0 @entity1 . @entity460 supplementation appears to mitigate @entity604 in @entity1 on AIs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Periodontal Health in XXXX @entity1 on @entity4819 Inhibitors vs. Postmenopausal Controls: A longitudinal Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BCa']

entities_list: @entity4819 :: ('1588', 'Gene') :: ['aromatase', 'Aromatase']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['Bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['dental plaque and clinical attachment loss']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Observations were made on the development of acquired resistance to @entity4114 in the @entity3474 following immunization with cercariae by the percutaneous route and by the transplantation of adult worms into the mesenteric veins. In the first experiment six @entity6599 were immunized with 1000 @entity4114 cercariae given percutaneously. They were challenged with 10 000 cercariae given 73 weeks later and the results were compared with a similar infection in non-immunized animals. The results showed that the @entity3474 can develop a strong resistance to reinfection with @entity4114 . The manifestations of the immunity were (i) the absence of any increase in egg output after challenge (ii) the substantially lower level of adult worms and eggs in the tissues of the immunized @entity6599 compared with the challenge control animals (iii) a reduction in the egg laying capacity of the residual worms and (iv) the virtual absence of gross pathology and the mild lesions seen in the tissue sections of all the immunized animals. The @entity308 in egg laying of the worms was confirmed by transplanting them into non-immune @entity6599 . This experiment indicated that the non-egg-laying worms in the immune @entity6599 were not irreversibly damaged since they survived, some even migrating to the vesical and ureteric vessels, and egg-laying was rapidly resumed after transplantation. A further experiment was designed to see if a similar degree of immunity could be produced by an adult @entity281 without previous exposure to cercariae or schistosomula. The immunization dose consisted of 50-100 @entity4114 worm pairs which were transplanted into the mesenteric veins of each of six @entity6599 and the animals were challenged percutaneously with 7000 cercariae 35-55 weeks later. There was little difference in the worm burdens of the immunized and control animals but the worms in the immunized @entity6599 produced fewer eggs and the pathology seen in these animals was much milder than in the challenge control animals suggesting that some degree of resistance to reinfection was produced by the transplanted worms.

title: Acquired resistance to XXXX in the @entity3474 ( @entity3474 ) after cercarial exposure and adult worm transplantation.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['worm infection']

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

answer: @entity4114 :: (6185,Species) :: ['Schistosoma haematobium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe dietary protein intakes and their food sources among 27 redefined centres in 10 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS: Between 1995 and 2000, 36 034 @entity1 , aged between 35 and 74 years, were administered a standardized 24-h dietary recall (24-HDR) using a computerized interview software programme (EPIC-SOFT). Intakes (g/day) of total, animal and plant proteins were estimated using the standardized EPIC Nutrient Database (ENDB). Mean intakes were adjusted for age, and weighted by season and day of recall. RESULTS: Mean total and animal protein intakes were highest in the Spanish centres among @entity1 , and in the Spanish and French centres among @entity1 ; the lowest mean intakes were observed in the UK health-conscious group, in Greek @entity1 and @entity1 , and in @entity1 in Potsdam. Intake of plant protein was highest among the UK health-conscious group, followed by some of the Italian centres and Murcia, whereas Sweden and Potsdam had the lowest intake. Cereals contributed to the highest proportion of plant protein in all centres. The combined intake of legumes, vegetables and fruit contributed to a greater proportion of plant protein in the southern than in the northern centres. Total meat intake (with some heterogeneity across subtypes of meat) was, with few exceptions, the most important contributor to animal protein in all centres, followed by dairy and fish products. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that intake of protein, especially of animal origin, differs across the 10 European countries, and also shows some differences in food sources of protein across Europe.

title: Intake of total, animal and plant proteins, and their food sources in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Primary @entity5425 is a rare form of @entity0 , accounting for only 0.04% of all @entity0 . PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 28-year-old @entity1 presented with a progressive lump in the right breast for one month. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was highly suspicious of @entity5426 , and this diagnosis was confirmed on core needle biopsy. Modified radical mastectomy was performed as sole treatment. DISCUSSION: Primary @entity5425 is a rare type of @entity0 , usually occurring in the third to fourth decade and only reported in @entity1 . The histological features of @entity5426 of the breast are conventionally graded I, II or III. Total mastectomy appears to be the only treatment conferring benefit, chemotherapy and radiation therapy being of little proven value to date. The 5-year disease-free survival for grade I @entity5 can be as high as 76%, and up to 70% for @entity5 whereas for @entity5 it is reportedly about 15%. CONCLUSION: @entity5426 of the breast is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis, even after complete resection. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with a limited role for chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

title: Primary XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'malignant breast tumours', 'breast malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['grade II tumours', 'grade III tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity5425 :: ('MESH:C536368', 'Disease') :: ['breast angiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['Primary angiosarcoma', 'angiosarcoma']

answer: @entity5425 :: (MESH:C536368,Disease) :: ['angiosarcoma of breast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infection in the intensive care unit (ICU) empirically requires broad-spectrum antibiotics. @entity2892 / @entity9234 , often reserved for more serious hospital-acquired @entity281 , is thought to be associated with a higher risk of @entity410 than other penicillins and carbapenems. We sought to evaluate the safety of @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the treatment of @entity281 , including @entity693 , in neurocritical care @entity1 . METHODS: Pertinent literature was identified through MEDLINE (1966-2007) using search terms @entity2892 , @entity410 , @entity2893 , and @entity2889 . A review of the literature is presented. RESULTS: Carbapenem antibiotics remain active against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and are often used in @entity3124 @entity1 . Drug-induced @entity410 are a rare but serious adverse effect, with carbapenems being one of the most common classes of antibiotics associated with @entity410 . @entity410 rates in @entity1 treated with @entity2892 / @entity9234 and @entity2889 are similar. One small pediatric study of 21 @entity1 showed a high incidence of @entity410 and is often cited as the reason @entity2892 should not be used in @entity693 . However, many studies noting @entity410 with both @entity2889 and @entity2892 / @entity9234 attribute this to @entity1 with lower body weight, elderly, or those with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: When dosed appropriately, @entity2892 / @entity9234 may be used to treat serious @entity281 in @entity3124 @entity1 with central nervous system (CNS) @entity66 with minimal @entity410 risk. @entity2892 / @entity9234 safety data is lacking for @entity693 and cautious use is warranted.

title: Safety of XXXX / @entity9234 in neurocritical care @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disorders or injury']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']