abstract: The role of @entity2176 and other antibiotics in treatment of @entity298 in peritoneal dialysis @entity1 is well established. However, the role of preoperative @entity2176 or @entity2886 in preventing @entity281 in newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheters remains controversial. We performed a prospective randomized study to examine the role of @entity2176 or @entity7048 prophylaxis in decreasing the incidence of @entity86 . Over 8-year period, 265 @entity1 undergoing 305 permanent peritoneal catheter placement procedures were randomized into three groups. Group I (103 procedures) received a single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 1000 mg @entity2176 12 hours before the peritoneal catheter placement procedure. Group II (102 procedures) received a single i.v. dose of 1000 mg of Ancef ( @entity7048 ) 3 hours before the procedure. Group III (100 procedures) received no antibiotics preoperatively for a least one week before the procedure. @entity1 were monitored for @entity298 during the following 14 days. @entity298 developed in 1 @entity1 (1%) in Group I ( @entity2176 group) compared to 12 @entity1 (12%) in Group III (control group), p = 0.002, and in 9 @entity1 (9%) in Group II ( @entity7048 group) compared to Group III, p = 0.68. We conclude that the use of preoperative single-dose i.v. @entity2176 prophylaxis for permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter placement reduces the risk of @entity86 . @entity7048 did not achieve a statistically significant difference from the control group and may not provide adequate prophylaxis.

title: Preoperative @entity2176 prophylaxis for newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheters prevents XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['Cefazolin', 'cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'Peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative peritonitis']


abstract: 1. The effect of the selective muscarinic M2 receptor antagonist, @entity9563 and the selective M2 receptor agonist, @entity2134 , on airway constriction induced by vagal stimulation was studied in anaesthetized @entity468 . In addition, the effect of @entity9563 on contraction of cat isolated tracheal and bronchi preparations induced by electrical field stimulation was also investigated. 2. In in vivo experiments, extrathoracic airway constriction was measured with an electromechanical caliper that was attached to the outer surface of tracheal ring 4. Intrathoracic airway constriction was determined by measuring the changes in total lung resistance and dynamic compliance during vagal stimulation. 3. Intravenous @entity9563 (0.1, 1, and 10 mg kg-1) augmented the rise in total lung resistance induced by vagal stimulation in a dose- and frequency-dependent manner. At stimulation frequencies of 8 and 12 Hz the fall in dynamic compliance provoked by vagal stimulation was also significantly increased by @entity9563 (10 mg kg-1). @entity9563 was without effect on airway constriction induced by @entity934 . 4. Vagal stimulation at 4 Hz produced significant tracheal constriction, but the amount of constriction did not change following injection of increasing doses of @entity9563 . Similarly, there was no difference in tracheal constriction at any frequency of stimulation (0.5-16 Hz) when frequency-response curves before and after @entity9563 injection (10 mg kg-1) were compared. 5. @entity2134 (0.01-10 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) diminished changes in total lung resistance and dynamic compliance induced by vagal stimulation, an effect that was reversed by @entity9563 (10 mg kg-1, i.v.). Vagally-induced tracheal constriction was not significantly affected by any dose of @entity2134 , nor was it modified by @entity9563 (10mg kg- ') given subsequently.6. @entity3897 (0.5 mgkg-') completely blocked tracheal constriction induced by vagal stimulation, indicating that the changes in tracheal ring diameter provoked by stimulation were mediated by muscarinic receptors and that intravenous drugs could reach the cervical trachealis muscle.7. In vitro tissue bath studies demonstrated a significant leftward shift of the frequency-response curve to electrical field stimulation in both tracheal strips and bronchial rings following @entity9563 (10-4M) administration.8. Although the functional presence of muscarinic M2 autoreceptors was demonstrated in feline isolated tracheal and bronchial preparations, a corresponding functional role was not detected in cat @entity825 in vivo. This was despite repeated demonstration of muscarinic M2 receptor-mediated limitation of airway constriction of intrathoracic airways in vivo.

title: Evidence for the absence of a functional role for muscarinic M2 inhibitory receptors in cat XXXX in vivo: contrast with in vitro results.

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallamine', 'gallamine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['Pilocarpine', 'pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: The negative affective state of opiate abstinence plays an important role in craving and relapse to compulsive drug use. The @entity935 system participates in the reward effects of opiate use and the aversive effect of opiate abstinence. The amygdala is an essential neural substrate for associative learning of emotion. To establish a model of conditioned place aversion (CPA) in @entity1286 -treated @entity35 , we used different visual and tactual cues as conditioned stimuli (CS) within a conditioning apparatus. An injection of @entity1510 served as the unconditioned stimulus (US). The @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) lesion technique was used to investigate the effects of the dopaminergic system of the central nucleus of the amygdala ( @entity13396 ) on @entity1510 -induced CPA. @entity35 were rendered physically dependent via administration of increasing doses of @entity1286 delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Doses increased by 20 % each day for 14 days, starting from an initial dose of 6 mg/kg. All @entity35 also received a low dose of @entity1510 (0.1 mg/kg) by injection 4 hours after @entity1286 treatment on days 11 and 13 to induce CPA in a biased two-compartment conditioned place apparatus. @entity1286 -dependent @entity35 with sham lesions were found to develop significant CPA after @entity1510 treatment. Bilateral @entity2955 lesions of the @entity13396 impaired the acquisition of CPA but had no effect on locomotor activity. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system of the @entity13396 plays an important role in the negative affective state of opiate abstinence.

title: Inhibition of the acquisition of conditioned place aversion by dopaminergic lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala in @entity1286 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of axillary lymph node @entity3 is an important prognostic factor in @entity0 . @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is an emerging method for the staging of the axilla. It is hoped that with @entity1600 , the morbidity from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided without compromising the staging and management of early @entity0 . However, only @entity1 found to be @entity1600 negative benefit from this procedure, as those with positive @entity1600 may still require ALND. Our objective is to study the various clinico-pathological factors to find predictive factors for axillary lymph node involvement in early @entity0 . It is hoped that with these factors, we will be better able to identify groups of @entity1 most likely to benefit from @entity1600 . METHODS: A retrospective study of 380 early @entity0 cases (stage T1 and T2, N0, N1, M0) in @entity1 treated in the Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, between January 1999 and August 2002, was conducted. Incidence of nodal @entity3 was correlated with clinico-pathological factors, and analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Approximately 35 percent of the 380 cases of early @entity0 had nodal @entity3 . Multivariate analyses revealed four independent predictors of node positivity: @entity5 size (p-value equals 0.0001), presence of lymphovascular invasion (p-value is less than 0.0001), @entity5 with histology other than invasive @entity1137 (p-value equals 0.04), and presence of @entity1420 receptors (p-value equals 0.05). CONCLUSION: We have found independent preoperative predictive factors in our local population for the presence of nodal @entity3 . This information can aid @entity1 selection for @entity1600 and improve @entity1 counselling.

title: Predictors of axillary lymph node XXXX in @entity1 with early @entity0 in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['ductal or lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors associated with neurologically isolated @entity63 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Multispecialty clinic providing primary, secondary, and tertiary care in central and northern Wisconsin. STUDY @entity1 : After applying strict, predetermined, inclusion and exclusion criteria to the medical records of @entity1 with @entity2194 , 65 case @entity1 50 years of age or older were identified with @entity63 . A control subject, matched for sex and exact year of age, was randomly selected for each case @entity1 from individuals undergoing a comprehensive medical evaluation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of potential risk factors in case @entity1 and controls, including @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity453 , @entity4346 , @entity1386 , @entity286 use, prior @entity2194 , and hematocrit. Risk factors were assessed using standardized definitions. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, significant risk factors and their associated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were as follows: previously diagnosed @entity6 , OR = 5.75 (CI = 1.68 to 19.7); @entity4346 , OR = 5.20 (CI = 1.30 to 20.82); and, hematocrit (per percentage increase), OR = 1.35 (CI = 1.13 to 1.61). CONCLUSION: In addition to the generally accepted risk factor of @entity6 , @entity4346 and elevated hematocrit appeared to be important determinants of @entity63 . Additional studies should be undertaken to confirm these findings.

title: Risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular motor nerve palsy', 'ocular motor nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic ocular motor nerve palsy', 'ischemic ophthalmoplegia', 'ischemic ocular motor nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic ocular motor nerve palsies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy of @entity23455 and @entity2181 on the renal parenchymal inflammatory process and upper urinary dilation in @entity35 with chronic partial upper @entity5450 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 @entity35 were divided into 4 groups: group 1, control; group 2, obstruction; group 3, obstruction plus @entity2181 ; and group 4, obstruction plus @entity23455 . In all groups, except for group 1, partial upper @entity5450 was induced by embedding the upper quarter of the right ureter into the psoas muscle for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the @entity35 were killed. The catalase, @entity1234 , and protein @entity6738 levels were determined in renal tissue. @entity384 and @entity32 were evaluated using @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Smooth muscle actin and @entity50110 were examined with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The obstruction group demonstrated severe @entity384 and @entity32 and increased smooth muscle actin staining in the wall of upper urinary tract (P  <.05). The treatment of the @entity35 with @entity2181 and @entity23455 markedly attenuated the inflammatory alterations and reduced tubular dilation. This treatment also reduced elevated oxidative stress product levels and restored the depleted renal antioxidant enzyme. CONCLUSION: These findings imply that @entity101 can contribute to @entity8 . Antimuscarinic medications such as @entity2181 and @entity23455 exert renoprotective effects, probably by prevention of pelvic pressure increases.

title: Effects of @entity2181 and @entity23455 on @entity8 induced by partial upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['parenchymal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2181 :: ('MESH:C099041', 'Chemical') :: ['tolterodine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal parenchymal injury in chronic pelvic upper urinary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased renal pelvic pressure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Tubular dilation', 'pelvic dilation']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract obstruction']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity23455 :: ('MESH:C003330', 'Chemical') :: ['trospium chloride']

answer: @entity5450 :: (MESH:D014570,Disease) :: ['urinary tract obstruction']


abstract: Congenital infantile @entity1492 is a rare soft-tissue malignant @entity5 that usually presents as a mass involving the arm or leg. We report a case of @entity1492 on the right hand of a newborn @entity1 . The @entity1 was a 12-day-old male. From the time of delivery, he had a red @entity5 on his dorsal right hand. The @entity5 was initially associated with @entity548 within a @entity2695 and compressed. The course was observed. It appeared that the @entity5 might be malignant because it increased in size to 10 x 8 x 3 cm, and @entity1066 and @entity548 appeared on the surface after 10 days. A biopsy suggested a @entity1492 . The @entity5 was resected 32 days after birth at the narrow margin in consideration of preservation of function. However, a recurrence was observed under the graft after 2 weeks and another resection was performed. Because the @entity5 had passed through the interosseous muscle and invaded the palm of the hand, the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger had to be amputated. One year and 7 months postoperatively, no recurrence or @entity3 has been observed.

title: A case of XXXX of the right hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1492 :: ('MESH:D005354', 'Disease') :: ['congenital fibrosarcoma', 'fibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1492 :: (MESH:D005354,Disease) :: ['congenital infantile fibrosarcoma']


abstract: Ascites is a frequent complication in @entity1 with @entity1575 . The accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity is associated with disturbances of systemic and splanchnic haemodynamics and of kidney function, which contribute to the poor prognosis of these @entity1 . Classically, the treatment of @entity843 in @entity1 with @entity82 has been based on the combination of a @entity1372 -restricted diet and the administration of diuretics. However, this treatment is not entirely satisfactory, since it is associated with a relatively high incidence of side-effects, and about 20% of @entity1 hospitalized for the treatment of an episode of @entity843 do not respond to such therapy. In the last two decades, alternative therapies to diuretics have been introduced. PVS is an effective method of treating @entity843 . The high incidence of complications observed in early studies may be reduced by adequate perioperative management and careful selection of @entity1 . The role of the PVS in the treatment of cirrhotics with @entity843 , however, still remains to be established. Recently, paracentesis has emerged as an alternative method of treating @entity843 in @entity1 with @entity82 . Several studies have shown that therapeutic paracentesis plus i.v. albumin infusion is more effective than conventional diuretic therapy and is associated with a lower incidence of complications. It has also been demonstrated that therapeutic paracentesis without the i.v. administration of albumin is associated with a marked increase in plasma @entity916 activity, suggesting an @entity1503 , and with the development of hyponatraemia and/or @entity177 in 20% of cases. Therefore, the i.v. administration of albumin is an essential measure in preventing the @entity8 that frequently follows the mobilization of @entity843 by paracentesis.

title: Treatment of XXXX and @entity177 in @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of systemic haemodynamics and renal function']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of effective blood volume']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity843 :: (MESH:D001201,Disease) :: ['ascites']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical outcomes of two-staged cementless revision arthroplasty for the treatment of @entity281 after total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity281 treated with a standard protocol of two-staged cementless revision hip arthroplasty were enrolled in this study. There were 9 male @entity1 and 14 female @entity1 with an average age of 64 years (range, 52-78 years). In all cases, antibiotics-loaded cement spacers were implanted after removal of all the prosthetic components and thorough debridements had been done. All @entity1 had a minimum of 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics followed by 4 weeks of oral antibiotics after implant removal. After a mean interval of 6.7 months (3-28 months), revision arthroplasties were carried out with cementless femoral components followed by 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and 4 weeks of oral antibiotics. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was (4.3  3.5) years. There were 2 cases of recurrent infections in this study. Intraoperative @entity3564 were observed in 3 @entity1 . One @entity1 had dislocation of the implanted spacer during the interval period and 2 @entity1 had @entity572 after reimplantation. Mild subsidence of femoral component occurred in 1 @entity1 . There were no cases of loosening of femoral components and cementless acetabular components in @entity1 without @entity281 recurrence. The Harris hip score increased from a preoperative mean of 36  13 to 85  13 at 12 months after reimplantation. CONCLUSIONS: Using cementless prostheses in two-staged revisions of hip periprosthetic infections can provide low rate of @entity281 recurrence and good implant stability, but cautions must be taken when treating @entity1 with @entity281 caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.

title: [Cementless two-staged total hip arthroplasty for chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'deep periprosthetic infection']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fractures']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic infection']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1701 is characterized by the association of antiphospholipid antibodies and occlusive vascular events. The ocular vascular damage is described in the literature and may reveal the syndrome. It's diagnosis is important because this disease, which generally affects young @entity1 , may endanger ocular and vital prognosis. Two cases are reported. @entity1 : Two young @entity1 aged 22 and 32 presented with a sudden unilateral @entity1018 . In both cases, fundus examination and @entity941 angiography revealed a severe @entity732 . For one patient, an @entity1701 was discovered during etiological check-up. for the second one, it was associated with a heterozygote state mutation of Leiden V factor. In both cases the visual function of the affected eye was lost. DISCUSSION: In most cases central artery or @entity2994 means @entity731 . However, other etiologies must be studied in young @entity1 . According to several studies: @entity1701 has been detected in 5% to 33% of the @entity1 showing a major vascular @entity2479 . The association of @entity49 must be considered because it increases the risk of @entity715 recurrence. CONCLUSION: The @entity1701 must be studied in cases of numerous and severe @entity989 occurring in young @entity1 , even if vascular risks exist. This diagnosis is important because it may imply a long-lasting anticoagulative or an antiaggregative treatment to significantly reduce the risk of recurrent @entity715 .

title: [ @entity732 and XXXX . Report of 2 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophilia']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular obstruction']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic events', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Circling behaviour in unilateral @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 is interpreted as being opposite in direction to the side of the brain with highest striatal dopaminergic activation. Ipsiversive rotation indicates an action on the intact striatum, while contraversive rotation demonstrates an effect on @entity935 receptors in the denervated striatum and is taken as predictive of symptomatic benefit in @entity191 . But does an equivalent behavioural outcome result from stimulating the intact and denervated striatum to the same degree? We report on the behavioural responses produced by administration of L-dopa and the @entity1154 uptake inhibitor BTS 74,398. These were given alone, or in combination, at doses equivalent to their @entity2613 (25), @entity2613 (50) and @entity2613 (75) for inducing circling in unilateral @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 . L-dopa administered alone induced dose-dependent contraversive circling while BTS 74,398 produced @entity717 . However, L-dopa and BTS 74,398 in combination, produced the same contraversive circling response as when L-dopa was administered alone. Little or no @entity717 occurred, irrespective of the combination of doses employed. This surprising finding suggests that there are major differences in the outcome of stimulating the intact and denervated striatum with the latter dominating the behavioural response. Since repeated administration of L-dopa but not BTS 74,398, sensitises rotational responses and induces @entity910 , it may be that contraversive rotation is predictive of both clinical response in PD and the ability to induce motor complications.

title: Does contraversive circling in the @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 indicate an ability to induce motor complications as well as therapeutic effects in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsiversive rotation']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Bariatric surgery is the best long term treatment for morbid @entity28 . However, it carries risks of considerable morbidity and potential mortality. There is no published review on pre-operative identification of high-risk @entity1 in bariatric surgery. This systematic review analyses @entity28 surgery mortality risk score (OS- @entity7748 ) as a tool for pre-operative prediction of mortality risk in bariatric surgery. Medline and Embase was systematically searched using the medical subjects headings (MeSH) terms 'bariatric surgery' and 'mortality' with further free text search and cross references. Studies that described OS- @entity7748 to predict mortality risk after bariatric surgery were included in this review. Six studies evaluated 9,382 @entity1 to assess the validity of OS- @entity7748 to predict the mortality risk after bariatric surgery. @entity1 's age ranged from 19 to 67 years, and the body mass index ranged from 30 to 84. There were 83 @entity204 among the 9,382 @entity1 (0.88 %) with individual studies reporting a mortality range from 0 % to 1.49 %. There were 13 @entity204 among 4,912 (0.26 %) class A @entity1 , 55 @entity204 among 4,124 (1.33 %) class B @entity1 and 15 @entity204 among 346 (4.34 %) class C @entity1 . Mortality in classes A, B and C was significantly different from each of the other two classes (P < 0.05,   (2)). This systematic review confirms that OS- @entity7748 stratifies the mortality risk in the three-risk classification subgroups of @entity1 . The OS- @entity7748 can be used for pre-operative identification of high-risk @entity1 undergoing primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

title: Systematic review of XXXX surgery mortality risk score--preoperative risk stratification in bariatric surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response rate to antiviral therapy varies greatly among individuals, and its prediction is still very challenging. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the usefulness of serum @entity1956 virus large surface protein (LHBs) levels compared with HBsAg in prediction of the antiviral treatment effect. STUDY DESIGN: Quantification of LHBs, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA was carried out at baseline and during antiviral therapy (weeks 4, 12, 24, 36 and 48) in HBeAg-positive @entity1 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a (n = 21) or @entity17705 (n = 41). RESULTS: The serum LHBs concentration was correlated positively with @entity97 DNA and HBsAg (r = 0.635 and 0.588, respectively). LHBs and @entity97 DNA levels decreased significantly in a biphasic manner and HBsAg level tended to decrease slowly in both treatment groups. In peginterferon alfa-2a group, the cutoff of 88.46 ng/ml in serum LHBs at week 4 gave the best AUC ( = 0.96) with positive and negative predictive values of 88.9% and 100%, in association with virological response (VR). Serum LHBs level at week 4 also showed an association with VR in @entity17705 group (AUC 0.78). The predictive model incorporating LHBs, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA could discriminate VR at baseline (AUC 0.79) and showed an association with serological response (SR) at week 12 (AUC 0.80) in peginterferon alfa-2a group. CONCLUSIONS: On-treatment quantification of serum LHBs may be a more useful parameter for predicting VR in @entity1 on peginterferon alfa-2a than those on @entity17705 . Combining LHBs, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA can predict VR and SR more effectively and earlier.

title: Early serum @entity1956 virus large surface protein level: a stronger predictor of virological response to peginterferon alfa-2a than that to XXXX in HBeAg-positive @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity17705 :: (MESH:C413685,Chemical) :: ['entecavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) might allow for a reduction in @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) in individuals with @entity5277 . BACKGROUND DATA: Following massive intestinal resection, @entity1 frequently sustain severe @entity8884 and are dependent on @entity3147 for life. @entity2124 treatment with or without @entity7647 might allow for a reduction in @entity3147 . METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial performed in 41 adults dependent on @entity3147 . Following screening, @entity1 were admitted to an in-house facility for 6 weeks. After 2 weeks of stabilization and dietary optimization, @entity1 were randomized to one of 3 treatment arms (1:2:2 ratio): oral @entity7647 (30 g/day) + @entity2124 placebo (control group, n = 9), @entity7647 placebo + @entity2124 (0.1 mg/kg per day, n = 16), or @entity7647 + @entity2124 (n = 16). Standard criteria based on clinical and laboratory measurements were followed to determine @entity3147 volume and content. After 4 weeks of treatment, @entity1 were discharged and monitored; @entity2124 and @entity2124 placebo were discontinued, but the diet with @entity7647 or @entity7647 placebo was continued for 3 months. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving @entity2124 + @entity7647 placebo + diet showed greater reductions in @entity3147 volume (5.9 +/- 3.8 L/wk, mean +/- SD), @entity3147 calories (4338 +/- 1858 calories/wk), and @entity3147 infusions (3 +/- 2 infusions/wk) than corresponding reductions in the @entity7647 + diet group (3.8 +/- 2.4 L/wk; 2633 +/- 1341 calories/wk; 2 +/- 1 infusions/wk, P < 0.05). @entity1 who received @entity2124 + @entity7647 + diet showed the greatest reductions (7.7 +/- 3.2 L/wk; 5751 +/- 2082 calories/wk; 4 +/- 1 infusions/wk, P < 0.001 versus @entity7647 + diet). At the 3-month follow-up, only @entity1 who had received @entity2124 + @entity7647 + diet maintained significant reductions in @entity3147 (P < 0.005) compared with the @entity7647 + diet. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2124 + diet or @entity2124 + @entity7647 + diet initially permitted significantly more weaning from @entity3147 than @entity7647 + diet. Only subjects receiving @entity2124 + @entity7647 + diet maintained this effect for at least 3 months.

title: @entity2124 , @entity1160 , and an optimal diet reduces @entity3147 in XXXX with @entity5277 : a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['nutrient malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['parenteral nutrition', 'PN']

entities_list: @entity5277 :: ('MESH:D012778', 'Disease') :: ['short bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study describes the 15-yr experience of a large urban tertiary care @entity1 's hospital in treating @entity3124 @entity1 with pediatric @entity627 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: @entity1 's Hospital Los Angeles, a large urban tertiary care @entity1 's hospital. @entity1 : All @entity1 with pediatric @entity627 admitted to the @entity1 's Hospital Los Angeles pediatric intensive care unit from January 1995 to July 2009. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: An internal database and medical records were reviewed for demographics, diagnoses, treatments, organ dysfunction, interventions, @entity281 , and outcomes. Standardized mortality ratio was calculated based on Pediatric Risk of Mortality III estimated mortality. Factors associated with mortality were identified by univariate analyses.Ninety @entity1 with 122 total admissions were identified. The majority of @entity1 were Hispanic (63%), female (73%), and had @entity1252 (62%). Pediatric @entity627 (50%) were the most common reason for admission; 32% of admissions involved @entity409 . Eighteen admissions (15%) resulted in mortality. @entity204 were most commonly attributed to combined @entity281 and active @entity627 (50%), @entity281 only (22%), @entity627 only (11%), or other causes (17%). In 30 (25%) admissions, a new rheumatologic diagnosis was established. Standardized mortality ratio was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.38-1.25) for pediatric @entity627 @entity1 compared to 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.79-0.96) for all pediatric intensive care unit @entity1 . Factors associated with mortality included use of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement (continuous venovenous hemodialysis) (all p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity627 were the principal cause of pediatric intensive care unit admission. @entity204 occurred most often from severe @entity281 in @entity1 with active @entity627 . Pediatric rheumatology @entity1 admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit had outcomes similar to the global pediatric intensive care unit population when adjusted for severity of illness.

title: Pediatric XXXX in the intensive care unit: lessons learned from 15 years of experience in a tertiary care pediatric hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic disease-related complications', 'rheumatic diseases', 'rheumatic disease']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic disease']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity432 and fibrinolytic systems were investigated in six @entity1 with type 1 (insulin-dependent) @entity6 and 11 age- and sex-matched non- @entity6 control subjects. The coagulation parameters (fibrinogen, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time with kaolin, @entity2880 factor antigen) did not differ between @entity1 and control subjects either before or after 20 min of @entity432 . No rise was observed in @entity2880 factor antigen after @entity432 in either group. 2. In the @entity6 @entity1 , chronic activation of the fibrinolytic system was found at baseline, which was indicated by a shortened euglobulin lysis time (P < 0.01), increased tissue plasminogen activator activity (P < 0.05) and decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen level (P < 0.05), when compared with control subjects. In both groups @entity432 resulted in significant increments in all measurements, except plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen level. The post-occlusion values did not differ between the two groups, except the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen level, which remained significantly lower in the @entity6 @entity1 . The mean increments in each parameter did not differ between the two groups. 3. Coagulation and fibrinolysis were assessed in response to acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. @entity2880 factor antigen levels increased significantly in both groups, with no difference in maximal increments. Significant activation of the fibrinolytic system occurred in response to hypoglycaemia, demonstrated by shortened euglobulin lysis time and increased fibrin plate lysis, tissue plasminogen activator antigen level and tissue plasminogen activator activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in type I diabetes: effects of XXXX and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion', 'venous occlusion on the coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['Von Willebrand', 'von Willebrand']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['venous occlusion']


abstract: Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains are normally synthesized in excess compared to the heavy chain partners and can be detected in serum and urine ("free" LC). Occasionally free LC are per se cause of organ @entity137 , as in free @entity74 . In @entity1582 , the most common of these conditions, free LC with peculiar biophysical properties related to their primary structure damage target organs and organize in amyloid fibrils. Unlimited availability of well-characterized free LC is instrumental to investigate the toxic effect of these proteins and to study their interactions with targets. We present a straightforward strategy to obtain recombinant monoclonal free LC by using a bacterial system. These proteins, expressed as inclusion bodies, were subjected to solubilization and refolding procedures to recover them in native form. To minimize differences from the circulating natural LC, full-length recombinant LC were expressed, i.e. complete of variable and constant regions, with the original @entity535 sequence along the entire protein, and with no purification tags. The strategy was exploited to generate free LC from three @entity1582 @entity1 . After purification, recombinant proteins were biochemically characterized and compared to the natural Bence Jones protein isolated from one of the @entity1 . Results showed that the recombinant free LC were properly folded and formed homodimers in solution, similar to the natural Bence Jones protein used for comparison. Furthermore, as proof of pathogenicity, recombinant proteins formed amyloid fibrils in vitro. We believe that the present strategy represents a valuable tool to speed research in free @entity74 .

title: A strategy for synthesis of pathogenic XXXX immunoglobulin free light chains in E. coli.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['LC-related disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic screens for behavioral and physiological defects in @entity238 , helped identify several components of @entity460 signaling of which some, like the Trps, were novel. For genes initially identified in vertebrates, reverse genetic methods have allowed functional studies at the cellular and systemic levels. SCOPE OF REVIEW: The aim of this review is to explain how various genetic methods available in @entity238 have been used to place different arms of @entity141 signaling in the context of organismal development, physiology and behavior. MAJOR CONCLUSION: Mutants generated in genes encoding a range of @entity141 transport systems, binding proteins and enzymes affect multiple aspects of neuronal and muscle physiology. Some also affect the maintenance of ionic balance and excretion from malpighian tubules and innate immune responses in macrophages. Aspects of neuronal physiology affected include synaptic growth and plasticity, sensory transduction, flight circuit development and function. Genetic interaction screens have shown that mechanisms of maintaining @entity141 homeostasis in @entity238 are cell specific and require a synergistic interplay between different intracellular and plasma membrane @entity141 signaling molecules. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Insights gained through genetic studies of conserved @entity141 signaling pathways have helped understand multiple aspects of @entity238 physiology. The similarities between mutant phenotypes of @entity141 signaling genes in @entity238 with certain @entity1 disease conditions, especially where homologous genes are causative factors, are likely to aid in the discovery of underlying disease mechanisms and help develop novel therapeutic strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemical, biophysical and genetic approaches to intracellular @entity460 signalling.

title: The genetics of XXXX signaling in @entity238 .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'fly', 'Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the role of mTOR complex 2 ( @entity15025 ) as a therapeutic target in @entity43 (CCC), which is regarded as an aggressive, chemoresistant histologic subtype. Using tissue microarrays of 98 primary ovarian cancers [52 CCCs and 46 serous adenocarcinomas (SAC)], activation of @entity15025 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Then, the growth-inhibitory effect of @entity15025 -targeting therapy, as well as the role of @entity15025 signaling as a mechanism for acquired resistance to the mTOR complex 1 ( @entity13407 ) inhibitor @entity2239 in ovarian CCC, were examined using two pairs of @entity2239 -sensitive parental (RMG2 and @entity40249 ) and @entity2239 -resistant CCC cell lines (RMG2-RR and @entity40249 -RR). @entity15025 was more frequently activated in CCCs than in SACs (71.2% vs. 45.7%). Simultaneous inhibition of @entity13407 and @entity15025 by @entity15085 markedly inhibited the proliferation of both @entity2239 -sensitive and -resistant cells in vitro. Treatment with @entity2239 induced @entity15025 -mediated AKT activation in @entity2239 -sensitive CCC cells. Moreover, increased activation of @entity15025 -AKT signaling was observed in @entity2239 -resistant CCC cells compared with the respective parental cells. Inhibition of @entity15025 during @entity2239 treatment enhanced the antitumor effect of @entity2239 and prevented CCC cells from acquiring resistance to @entity2239 . In conclusion, @entity15025 is frequently activated, and can be a promising therapeutic target, in ovarian CCCs. Moreover, @entity15025 -targeted therapy may be efficacious in a first-line setting as well as for second-line treatment of recurrent disease developing after @entity2239 -treatment.

title: Potential role of XXXX as a therapeutic target in clear cell @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian clear cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity15025 :: (74343(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTORC2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the clinical course of @entity1 with retained lens particles after phacoemulsification who had early or late pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and removal of retained lens fragments or who were managed medically. SETTINGS: Private practice and University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA. METHODS: This retrospective review comprised @entity1 who had @entity231 fragments dislocated into the vitreous during attempted @entity231 extraction and intraocular lens implantation over an 8-year period. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups. The early surgery group was treated with @entity2286 and removal of lens fragments within 1 week of @entity231 surgery. The late surgery group had @entity2286 more than 2 weeks after @entity231 surgery. The medical therapy group was managed with topical and systemic medications alone. The visual acuity, degree of @entity3279 , @entity32 , and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured. Postoperative follow-up was at 7, 14, and 30 days and 1 year. RESULTS: The study evaluated 42 @entity1 (12 early surgery, 15 late surgery, and 15 medical therapy). Demographic characteristics, visual acuity, and mean IOP values at presentation were similar between the 3 groups. Visual acuity was not statistically significantly different between groups at 30 days and 1 year. There was no statistically significant difference in IOP between groups throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Retained lens fragments were managed conservatively with good visual results. Vitrectomy was effective in @entity1 with retained lens fragments not responding to topical and oral medication. Results indicate that surgery can be successfully delayed in certain @entity1 .

title: Management of retained lens fragments after XXXX surgery with and without pars plana vitrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: The present study was designed to elucidate the distribution, time-course and mechanism(s) of @entity159 -induced @entity528 in the @entity35 amygdaloid complex. @entity159 was induced with @entity4176 (9 mg/kg, i.p.), and the behavioral and electrographic @entity410 activity of each @entity35 was monitored via cortical electrodes attached to a continuous video electrocorticogram system. @entity35 were subsequently perfused 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 or 48 h after @entity4176 injection. The first signs of @entity16 were seen in @entity35 perfused 4 h after @entity4176 injection, though the severity and temporal appearance of damage varied substantially between the different amygdaloid nuclei and their subdivisions. Second, terminal transferase @entity1977 nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive nuclei and laddering of DNA in gel electrophoresis appeared in the amygdala 8 and 16 h after @entity4176 , respectively. The distribution and density of TUNEL-positive nuclei in the different amygdaloid nuclei correlated with the distribution of @entity528 in @entity10502 - and @entity575 -stained sections. Third, the immunoreactivity of @entity2310 protein, a promoter of apoptotic neuronal death, increased in the vulnerable medial division of the lateral nucleus prior to the appearance of argyrophilic neurons and TUNEL-positive nuclei. Fourth, the severity of @entity528 progressed in some, but not all, amygdaloid regions throughout the 48-h follow-up, even though the occurrence of high-amplitude and frequency discharges, which are typically associated with behavioral @entity410 activity, extinguished after 7 h. These data show that @entity159 -induced @entity528 in the amygdala is a dynamic region-specific process, the severity of which depends on the duration of @entity410 activity. At least one mechanism underlying the damage involves apoptosis, which continues long after the behavioral and electrographic @entity410 have subsided.

title: @entity159 -induced @entity528 in the XXXX amygdaloid complex: distribution, time-course and mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'Status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['amygdaloid damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In hemodialysis (HD) and @entity298 ( @entity298 ) @entity1 , an increase in plasma lipid, lipoprotein or apolipoprotein is considered to be a serious risk factor for @entity731 . Recently, epidemiological studies have shown that a high serum lipoprotein (a) ( @entity3452 ) concentration is an independent risk factor for the development of @entity65 , especially in @entity298 @entity1 . In the present study, we investigated alterations of serum @entity3452 levels, before and 1, 3 and 6 months after starting @entity298 . The mean serum @entity3452 level (+/- 1SD) in 45 @entity298 @entity1 was 33.6 +/- 12.6 mg/dl. The serum Lp (a) and LDL levels were decreased one month after starting @entity298 . The serum levels of @entity48264 were increased significantly 3 and 6 months after starting @entity298 . There was a significant correlation between the serum levels of @entity3452 and LDL (r = 0.45, p < 0.05) or lipoprotein B (r = 0.73, p < 0.001), and serum albumin (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in serum @entity3452 levels between cases with low and high @entity413 concentrations in the peritoneal effluents. The preliminary study showed that the peritoneal effluents contained a large amount of @entity3452 . It appears that these changes are caused by excretion of @entity3452 into the peritoneal effluents and/or by @entity3452 hyperproduction in the liver of @entity298 @entity1 .

title: [Alterations of serum lipoprotein (a) levels in XXXX ( @entity298 ) @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity48264 :: ('4018;335', 'Gene') :: ['Lp(a), LDL, apolipoprotein AI, AII, B, CII and E']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ) has been confirmed as the primary cause of @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ). However, in the field, @entity22131 is seen only in a small percentage of @entity1707 infected with @entity18723 . The overall objective of the study reported here was to determine whether host genetic differences in the susceptibility to @entity18723 -associated disease exist among selected breeds of @entity1707 . This study included Duroc (n = 23), Landrace (n = 19), and Large White (n = 21) @entity1707 . The @entity1707 were infected intranasally and intramuscularly at 5-7 weeks of age with @entity18723 . A portion of the @entity1707 (31/63; 30.2%) had low passively acquired PCV2 antibodies at the time of @entity281 . There were no differences in mean weight gain, rectal temperature, or respiratory score. Clinical disease compatible with @entity22131 was observed only in the Landrace @entity1707 . Most of the @entity18723 -infected @entity1707 had enlarged lymph nodes, and individual Duroc and Landrace @entity1707 had mottled tan lungs. @entity18723 -associated lymphoid depletion and @entity32 were observed in @entity1707 of all breeds. Three of 19 Landrace @entity1707 and none of the Duroc or Large White @entity1707 developed severe @entity706 associated with large amounts of intralesional PCV2 antigen typical of @entity22131 . Compared with seronegative Landrace @entity1707 , Landrace @entity1707 that had low maternal antibodies at the time of @entity18723 inoculation had significantly (P < 0.05) less-severe @entity18723 -associated lesions. The results suggest a predisposition of the Landrace @entity1707 of this study to @entity18723 -induced @entity66 , and that low levels of passively acquired antibodies are protective.

title: Evidence of breed-dependent differences in susceptibility to @entity18723 -associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease and lesions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity22131 :: ('MESH:D053570', 'Disease') :: ['PMWS', 'postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18723 :: ('85708', 'Species') :: ['PCV2', 'Porcine circovirus type 2']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['disease and lesions']


abstract: A phase I study was conducted to characterize the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT), and pharmacokinetics of a single dose followed by three times weekly s.c. injections of recombinant @entity1 interleukin 12 (rHuIL-12). The study encompassed 28 @entity1 with @entity1358 . rHuIL-12 was administered on day 1, followed by an observation period of 7 days. Starting on day 8, repeated s.c. injections were administered 3 times a week for 2 weeks. The MTD of the initial injection was evaluated at dose levels of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 microg/kg. DLT was observed at 1.0 microg/kg and consisted of @entity221 , perivasculitis of the skin, and @entity1431 . The MTD of the subsequent repeated injections after 1 week of rest was studied at dose levels 0.5, 1.0, and 1.25 microg/kg. DLT at 1.25 microg/kg comprised deterioration of performance status, @entity221 , @entity308 , and @entity1431 . Other notable @entity137 were @entity3136 and elevation of hepatic enzymes. Fever, @entity1431 , and elevation of hepatic enzymes were more severe after the initial injection than after repeated injections at the same dose level. At dose level 0.5 microg/kg, the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve decreased from 7.4 ng/h/ml after the first injection to 3.3 ng x h/ml (P = 0.034) after repeated administrations, and at dose level 1.0 microg/kg, it ranged from 31.8 ng/h/ml to 6.0 ng x h/ml (P = 0.041). One @entity1 had a partial response and seven had stable disease. The MTD of a single s.c. injection of rHuIL-12 was 0.5 microg/kg, and the MTD of three subsequent administrations per week was 1.0 microg/kg. In comparison with a single administration, the three times weekly administrations at the same dose level was accompanied with a milder pattern of side effects and a reduction of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve.

title: Phase I study of subcutaneously administered recombinant XXXX interleukin 12 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting, mental depression']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['advanced renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite high-dose therapy and ASCT some @entity1 with aggressive @entity978 fail to achieve long-term survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 with induction failure (n = 19) or very unfavorable (UF) relapse (n = 24) from @entity978 were included in a multicentric study of tandem ASCT. They planned to receive two course of IVA75 with GCSF and blood stem cell collection. @entity19498 was conditioned with @entity2541 + @entity2664 (30 mg/m2) and @entity13462 ( @entity2592 6 g/m2 melphalan 140 mg/m2 and total body irradiation at 12 Gy or @entity1863 16 (n = 4) than 12 mg/kg). After salvage therapy, response > 50% was observed in 63% of the @entity1 (six @entity1 were included for refractory relapse). Four @entity1 had no ASCT for disease progression; seven @entity1 had only @entity19498 (disease progression, n = 3) and thirty-two @entity1 (74%) received the two ASCT. RESULTS: Hematologic recovery was normal after @entity19498 but delayed platelet recovery was observed after @entity13462 with @entity1863 in the conditioning regimen. Two VOD with one fatal occurred with @entity1863 at 16 mg/kg and one hemorrhagic cystic, no further grade 4 @entity137 was observed with the reduced doses of @entity1863 (12 mg/kg). After @entity13462 , 83% of these UF @entity1 were in remission and 20% relapsed within the first year. On an intent-to-treat analysis, 22 of 43 @entity1 are in continuous CR (including 8 @entity1 with induction failure). For the whole population (n = 43) and for @entity1 receiving the two ASCT (n = 32), the two-year survival from the date of progression were respectively at 65% and at 74%. CONCLUSION: Double ASCT is feasible in very UF relapse from @entity978 and may lead to some prolonged remission.

title: Feasibility of tandem autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in induction failure or very unfavorable (UF) relapse from XXXX ( @entity978 ). SFGM/GELA Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: 1. One litter of 12 @entity1707 was used to evaluate the effects of @entity7496 injection on organ weight and carbohydrase activities. 2. @entity1707 were injected with @entity7496 or an equal volume of saline at 7 days of age and killed at 14 days, and tissues were collected, weighted, and analyzed for carbohydrase activities. 3. @entity701 had no effect (P greater than 0.40) on daily gain, liver weight, spleen weight, or small intestinal length. 4. @entity701 increased pancreatic weight by 29% and total @entity49965 content by 38%. 5. @entity701 increased duodenal mucosal weight by 23%, duodenal @entity17811 activity by 44%, duodenal maltase activity by 163%, and duodenal sucrase activity by 214%.

title: Influence of XXXX on pancreas and mucosal weight, amylase and disaccharidase activities in 14-day-old @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity7496 :: ('MESH:C021650', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity7496 :: (MESH:C021650,Chemical) :: ['hydrocortisone acetate']


abstract: @entity1 mortality due to @entity5900 by animals in Monagas state, Venezuela was evaluated. In this state 47 @entity204 due to envenomations produced by vertebrates and invertebrates (scorpions = 21, snakes = 20, @entity5157 = 6) during the period 1980-2000 were registered. The mountainous area, at the north of the state (Turimiquire sub-region) and its piedmonts reported most of the mortality by scorpionism (57.2%) and ophidism (70.0%). The age group of the @entity1 was related with the sort of @entity5900 causing the @entity204 . During the period of dry season the highest percentage of @entity204 by scorpions and @entity5157 occurred; and the @entity204 produced by snakes were more frequent in the median raining season. The most frequent causes of @entity204 (61.9%) by scorpionism were the @entity647 and @entity712 . In 40% of the @entity204 caused by snakes, alterations of the @entity1003 were observed. @entity5157 @entity5900 was responsible of 50% of the @entity204 produced by anaphylactic shock. In none of the @entity204 , the species responsible of the accident was identified. The annual mean mortality rate/100,000 inhabitants, in the 21 years registered was 0.20 for the scorpion @entity5900 , 0.19 for ophidism and 0.06 for @entity5157 @entity5900 . The data suggest the importance of the mortality produced by scorpions and snakes, particularly at the north of the state.

title: [ @entity1 mortality due to invertebrate and vertebrate XXXX in Monagas State, Venezuela].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulability']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung edema']

answer: @entity5900 :: (MESH:D012909,Disease) :: ['envenomation']


abstract: Acupuncture is successfully used in the treatment of @entity179 . The treatment of haemophilic @entity2720 can require strong painkillers with severe side-effects. Therefore, a special yet simple acupuncture technique was evaluated in the treatment of these joint problems. Twelve @entity1 with a factor VIII activity<1% and at least one painful @entity2720 in both lower extremities were included in this single-blinded study. The non-treated side served as a control. Treatment was assessed by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and an orthopaedic clinical examination. Only one needle was inserted at the rear fontanelle once per week and in 15 cycles. Ten of 12 @entity1 showed an improvement of their @entity158 perception. The average VAS could be reduced from 6.8 to 5.0. The side not receiving treatment showed a reduction from 4.1 to 4.0. No side-effects were observed. Even though interpretation of our data are limited due to the small @entity1 numbers, significant improvement of the VAS after treatment suggests that acupuncture has a measurable positive effect in @entity158 management for @entity2720 of the lower extremities.

title: Successful XXXX treatment in arthropathic lower extremities by acupuncture in haemophilia @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy', 'arthropathies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity11 are associated with a state of systemic immunosuppression which appears to be partially mediated by transforming growth factor beta ( @entity1810 ) secreted from @entity11 cells. In a recently described animal model of @entity11 , massive activation of local microglial cells and formation of microglia-derived macrophages has been observed in the absence of detectable @entity5 regression. We have investigated the in situ expression of @entity1810 in @entity35 @entity11 as a possible cause of ineffective @entity5 destruction. Two weeks following unilateral injection of @entity11 cells, large @entity5 were observed in the affected hemisphere. In situ hybridization for @entity1810 mRNA revealed an intense signal over the entire @entity5 area. In the peritumoural area, at sites of glial activation, a lower signal was obtained over cellular profiles containing nuclei typical for microglia, as well as other unidentified cellular profiles. No signal was obtained over the contralateral unaffected hemisphere. Northern blot analysis revealed a strong expression of @entity1810 mRNA in @entity5 tissue, a lesser signal in the peritumoural reactive brain tissue and virtually no signal in normal tissue. Our data indicate that the experimental @entity35 @entity11 has the potential to secrete @entity1810 in vivo which might render the microglial infiltration ineffective. @entity1810 expressed by activated microglial cells themselves might further inhibit their tumoricidal potential, thus contributing further to unrestrained @entity5 growth.

title: In situ detection of transforming growth factor-beta mRNA in experimental @entity35 XXXX and reactive glial cells.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma', 'Malignant gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: Single units of the @entity2083 @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) were recorded in response to pure tones. Response areas (RA) were obtained by recording the number of spikes evoked by tones in a range of frequencies and levels within the units' dynamic range. RAs gave estimates of best sensitivity (BS), @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), most excitatory frequency at each level (BF), and Q10dB. Peri-stimulus-time histograms (PSTH), interspike interval histograms (ISIH), and period histograms were obtained at various frequencies and levels to describe the units' temporal response patterns. The distribution of @entity2198 is nonuniform with modes at 155, 455, and 855 Hz. The distribution of the coefficient of synchronization to standard tones is also nonuniform, revealing a dichotomy between units with little or no phase-locking and those that phase-lock strongly. PSTHs for units without significant phase-locking vary widely and include patterns resembling those of the @entity1 auditory brainstem. Compared with saccular afferents, torus units tend to have lower spontaneous rates, greater sensitivity, and sharper tuning. Unlike saccular afferents, BF is independent of level for most torus units. Some torus units are similar to saccular afferents while others reveal significant transformations of information between the periphery and the midbrain.

title: Acoustic response properties of single units in the @entity8845 of the @entity2083 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'characteristic frequency']

entities_list: @entity8845 :: ('MESH:C566043', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'torus semicircularis']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Chimney graft (CG) procedure is one of the novel modification techniques of the @entity439 repair (EVAR) surgery to treat suprarenal and juxtarenal @entity1028 . Other indications for the use of CG placement include @entity439 with supraortic branches orifice involvement and cases of common @entity1029 with or without internal iliac artery involvement. The technique is used in @entity1 who due to aortic-neck morphology and lack of adequate fixation and/or sealing zones are not eligible for standard EVAR. In this procedure, a parallel stent-graft is placed adjacent to the main body of the aortic endograft to maintain blood supply to renovisceral or supraortic branches, once the body of the aortic stent-graft is deployed. Symptomatic occlusions of the CG with novel @entity2792 were not described until now. CASE PRESENTATION: A-64-year-old male @entity1 , presented with new-onset malignant @entity101 , 13  months after an EVAR operation with CG placement to the left renal artery. The @entity1 was on preventive clopidrogel therapy, which was withheld temporarily for several days, one month before presentation. Imaging studies revealed a novel form of @entity2792 , caused by occlusion of the CG. Any attempt to recanalize the covered stent or revascularize the left kidney was rejected and conservative treatment was chosen. Seven months after presentation, blood pressure was within normal ranges with little need for antihypertensive therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware that the novel emerging techniques of EVAR to overcome the limitations of the aortic-neck anatomy may still adversely influence the renal outcome with potential development of new-onset @entity101 .

title: When the chimney is blocked: XXXX after endovascular repair of @entity1028 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['iatrogenic renovascular hypertension', 'renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'thoracic and thoracoabdominal aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1029 :: ('MESH:D017543', 'Disease') :: ['iliac artery aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['malignant renovascular hypertension']


abstract: This study was purposed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (URD-HSCT) for @entity1 with high risk and refractory @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Twenty-two @entity1 with high-risk and refractory @entity3052 receive URD-HSCT were enrolled in this study. All the @entity1 received myeloablative preconditioning regimen consisting of @entity1863 / @entity786 (for 20 cases) or total body irradiation/ @entity786 (for 2 cases) before URD-HSCT. The @entity205 (CsA)/ @entity1500 /MMF/ATG were used to prevent the @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). The results showed that 21 out of 22 @entity1 acquired engraftment with implantation rate 95.5%. The median time of ANC >=  0.5 10(9)/L was 12 (10-19) days, and that of Plt >=  20 10(9)/L was 14 (5 - 22) days. The median follow-up time post transplantation was 18 (3 to 135.5) months. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and @entity1778 -free survival (LFS) were (53.9    12.2) % and (49.1    10.7)% respectively. Eight cases developed @entity2132 . The cumulative incidence of @entity2132 was (39.1    10.6) %. Six @entity1 developed I-II grade of @entity2132 and two @entity1 developed III-IV grade of @entity2132 . The chronic graft versus @entity2132 (cGVHD) was occurred in 6 @entity1 (4 @entity1 limited, 2 @entity1 extensive) of the 19 evaluable @entity1 . The cumulative incidence was (28.8    9.6)%. Seven cases relapsed, and the cumulative response rate of 2 years was (35.8    11) %. One of 9 @entity1 died from sepsis before hematopoietic reconstruction, one died from @entity358 , Six died from relapse and one relapsed @entity1 died from IV grade of @entity2132 post chemotherapy and donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI). The univariate analysis revealed that relapse was the major factor for the OS, and the sex, age, preconditioning regimen, @entity2132 and infection didn't significantly influence the efficacy of URD-HSCT. The survival of @entity1 with cGVHD was superior to those who didn't have cGVHD (83.3% vs 37%, P = 0.152). It is concluded that URD-HSCT is a safe and effective therapy for high-risk @entity3052 @entity1 without related donor. Notably, @entity1 with cGVHD had a better survival. Relapse is an unfavourable factor for the efficacy of URD-HSCT and adoptive immunotherapy such as DLI can prevent it and improve the prognosis to achieve the long-time survival.

title: [Efficacy analysis of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of high risk XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['host disease', 'acute graft versus host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accurate estimation of right ventricular (RV) function in @entity1 with @entity215 ( @entity215 ) is difficult, partly due to the presence of @entity997 and @entity338 and/or @entity850 . The aim of the present study was to evaluate RV systolic and diastolic function of adult asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity215 by means of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) values. METHODS: 25 adult @entity1 with @entity215 and 25 healthy controls were studied. The following echocardiographic measurements were obtained: RV diameter/left ventricular (LV) diameter (RVD/LVD) and systolic (Sa) and diastolic (Ea, Aa) velocities at the RV free wall tricuspid annulus site. Serum @entity3876 levels were measured as well. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity215 demonstrated reduced TDI velocities: Sa, 8.16 +/- 1.15 versus 16.43 +/- 1.15 cm/sec (P < .001); Ea, 10.00 +/- 2.18 versus 18.99 +/- 1.00 cm/sec (P < .001); Aa, 5.64 +/- 1.77 vs. 13.69 +/- 0.86 cm/sec (P < .001). @entity1 with @entity215 also had higher @entity3876 levels than controls (85.0 +/- 87.0 vs 5.36 +/- 1.0 pg/mL; P < .001). The increased @entity3876 levels in @entity215 @entity1 correlated with the RVD/LVD ratio (r = .521; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that although our cohort of @entity1 was asymptomatic, using TDI and @entity3876 allowed us to easily discriminate them from the healthy controls. The ability of TDI to assess ventricular function even in the presence of @entity340 , as in @entity215 @entity1 , makes it a valuable tool in the investigation and follow-up of these @entity1 .

title: Tissue Doppler imaging and XXXX levels in adults with @entity215 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular lesions']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['RTOF', 'repaired tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3876 :: (4879,Gene) :: ['brain natriuretic peptide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite advanced techniques and improved clinical outcomes, the optimal antiplatelet strategy following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is an unsolved mystery. Vorapaxar, a novel platelet thrombin receptor (PAR-1/4) blocker, is currently approved for post- @entity583 and @entity3657 indications on top of @entity1397 or/and @entity117 . We here summarize the outcomes in @entity1 after CABG for justification of a future vorapaxar trial. We comprehended the CABG outcomes after vorapaxar yielded from TRACER, TRA2P trials, and affiliated FDA reviews. The verified evidence suggests that composite of @entity204 , @entity583 and @entity64 occurred in 2.2% of vorapaxar vs. 8.1% placebo in TRA2P. These data were similar to the endpoint differences (5.9% after vorapaxar vs. 8.3% for placebo) in TRACER. The mortality reduction also consistently suggests vorapaxar advantage (1.7% vs. 2.5% in TRA2P, and 1.7% vs. 3.9% in TRACER). Notably, the post-CABG @entity548 risks after vorapaxar were only slightly, but not significantly higher. Moreover, the @entity548 disadvantage in the experimental arm was most likely related to overtreatment since majority of @entity1 in both TRACER and TRA2P received triple antiplatelet therapy with @entity117 , @entity1397 on top of vorapaxar. Overall, the FDA-confirmed evidence advocate for the future vorapaxar post-CABG outcome-driven trial. The head-to-head trial testing dual therapy with continued over CABG vorapaxar versus withdrawed @entity1397 , both on top of low dose @entity117 is warranted. We conclude that the primary outcomes including mortality were consistently better for heart surgery @entity1 after vorapaxar, while the excess of @entity548 was mild. Continuing vorapaxar during CABG may be superior to currently recommended withdrawal antiplatelet strategies, and should be tested in an adequately powered randomized outcome-driven trial.

title: Continued vorapaxar versus withdrawed @entity1397 both on top of low dose XXXX in @entity1 undergoing heart surgery: A call for randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: Ten @entity1 with paraparesis due to @entity1897 showed an unusual symptom characterized by an inability to stand still despite the ability to walk. The symptom was transient in the eight cases recovering from profound paraparesis due to acute or subacute @entity305 , and has continued for several years in two chronic @entity305 cases who have been suffering over ten years. All the @entity1 take a series of to-and-fro steps forward and backward while standing until they initiate locomotion. We call this symptom " @entity13299 without abasia", or the "stilts phenomenon", because the symptom reminds us of @entity1 's play with stilts. Weakness of the lower limbs was predominant in the @entity3681 and muscle strength about the @entity572 was relatively preserved. This pattern of weakness produced abnormal mechanical properties of the body in an upright posture. Postural movements of the @entity1 thus consisted mainly of the movement about the @entity572 (hip sway). The movement about the @entity3681 (ankle sway) which maintains forward and backward leaning in upright posture was impaired. Although clinical examination revealed no significant @entity132 , @entity73 which stabilizes postural sway was proven in four @entity1 by antero-posterior sway components around 1 Hz. @entity13299 without absia consists of maintaining body mass not on a fixed base but on a moving one. BOth @entity910 and defective somatosensory feedback for postural stabilization may be responsible for this symptom.

title: [ @entity13299 without abasia due to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbances']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle joints']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of the somatosensory system']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of postural movements']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['astasia', 'Astasia']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral neuropathy']


abstract: Background: Velopharyngoplasty is the most commonly used operative technique for the treatment of @entity1739 . By attaching a posterior pharyngeal flap to the velum, a nonphysiological situation is created in the upper airway. Purpose: The aim of this investigation was to find a new surgical approach to physiological reconstruction of the velopharyngeal sphincter. Material: Anatomical investigations were performed in four cadavers. From this study a new surgical technique was developed and called 'levatorplasty': the musculus @entity3100 was taken to create a new muscular loop leading to (a) an augmentation of the posterior wall, (b) a medial shift of the lateral pharyngeal wall; and (c) stretching of the velum posteriorly. Thus, the velopharyngeal space was reduced and a physiological closure of the nasal airway space could be obtained. Study design: The levatorplasty was employed in nine @entity2419 @entity1 with @entity1739 . Pre- and postoperatively the velopharyngeal closure was evaluated by phonetic and radiological examination. Results: The operation was easily performed without major complications. A concentric constriction with decrease of the velopharyngeal space was achieved and a definitive decrease of nasalance and @entity2422 resulted. Conclusion: Long-term follow-ups have to verify whether these results will be stable. They also have to be compared with functional improvements following velopharyngoplasty or pharyngoplasty. Of special interest will be evaluation of the altered mobility of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Copyright 2001 European Association for Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery.

title: Levatorplasty, a new technique to treat XXXX : anatomical investigations and preliminary clinical results.

entities_list: @entity2422 :: ('MESH:C537724', 'Disease') :: ['hypernasality']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['longus capitis']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

answer: @entity2422 :: (MESH:C537724,Disease) :: ['hypernasality']


abstract: @entity349 exposure is widespread in the United States with @entity5165 as the predominant chemical species and fish and shellfish as the source. Use of more advanced diagnostic techniques and application of population-based risk assessment methodologies have assisted in addressing the impact of @entity349 exposure on the United States population. Biomonitoring, particularly through analyses of blood @entity349 , provides both population-based data and exposure information that can be informative for physicians. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) beginning in 1999 provide population-based exposure estimates for United States overall. @entity5165 exposures among @entity1 of childbearing age are of particular concern because of @entity5165 's developmental @entity2359 . Exposures of concern among @entity1 are estimated to occur in between approximately 6% to 8% of the 16-to-49-year-old age group based on data from NHANES; and in approximately 15% of this age and sex group if physiological factors such as the degree of transplacental transport of @entity5165 are taken into consideration. Subgroups with high fish consumption (e.g., many island and coastal populations, some @entity1 of Asian ethnicity, some individuals following "healthy" diets) can have @entity5165 exposures substantially higher than those reported among the NHANES examinees. These subpopulations are not likely to be aware of their blood @entity349 concentrations or the possible health outcomes associated with such high blood @entity349 levels. The American Medical Association has adopted policies that express concerns about @entity5165 exposure, and advise @entity1 education. Non-neurological risks for adults associated with @entity5165 , including the potential for adverse cardiac outcomes, have not yet been incorporated into risk assessments.

title: XXXX exposure: medical and public health issues.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5165 :: ('CHEBI:30785', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmercury', 'Methylmercury']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['Mercury']


abstract: In the Federal Republic of Germany, where accidents to schoolchildren are covered by the statutory accident insurance, a total of 991,947 accidents of this kind occurred in 1987, 133 of which were fatal. In this study, the accidents and @entity130 sustained by 1059 schoolboys and schoolgirls who received medical treatment in our clinics are analysed. We are concerned here with 887 accidents actually at school and 172 accidents on the way to or from school. In the case of accidents at school, the proportion of 6-, 7- and 8-year-olds affected was below 3% for each of these age groups. The percentage of @entity1 involved in accidents at school increased steeply with increasing age, reaching a peak in @entity1 at 12 years of age, with 15.4%, and in @entity1 at 13 years, with 14.5%. After this, the proportion in each individual age group lay between 10% and 12% up to 17 years of age and decreased to 7% in 19-year-olds. The proportion of accidents among 20- and 21-year-olds was less than 2%. Of the 887 accidents at school, 53% occurred during sports lessons, 28% during break times, 11% in the course of the general coming and going involved in attendance on the school premises, 3% during instruction in academic subjects and 3% during extracurricular activities, e.g. school outings. Each of these accident areas has its typical accident risks, and often its characteristic accident pattern in addition. Furthermore, there are age-specific and sex-specific features. The frequency of @entity130 to the upper extremities, including the hand, was 11% higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Accident and XXXX situations in accidents at school and on the way to and from school].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The production of Citrus, the largest fruit crop of international economic value, has recently been imperiled due to the introduction of the @entity4577 . No significant improvements have been made to combat this disease by plant breeding and nuclear transgenic approaches. Chloroplast genetic engineering has a number of advantages over nuclear transformation; it not only increases transgene expression but also facilitates transgene containment, which is one of the major impediments for development of transgenic trees. We have sequenced the Citrus chloroplast genome to facilitate genetic improvement of this crop and to assess phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms. RESULTS: The complete chloroplast genome sequence of @entity7588 is 160,129 bp in length, and contains 133 genes (89 protein-coding, 4 rRNAs and 30 distinct tRNAs). Genome organization is very similar to the inferred ancestral angiosperm chloroplast genome. However, in Citrus the infA gene is absent. The inverted repeat region has expanded to duplicate @entity46493 and the first 84 @entity1522 of @entity46494 . The @entity46494 gene in the IRb region has a nonsense mutation resulting in 9 stop codons. This was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing using primers that flank the IR/LSC boundaries. Repeat analysis identified 29 direct and inverted repeats 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity > or = 90%. Comparison of protein-coding sequences with expressed sequence tags revealed six putative RNA edits, five of which resulted in non-synonymous modifications in petL, psbH, ycf2 and ndhA. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods of a dataset composed of 61 protein-coding genes for 30 taxa provide strong support for the monophyly of several major clades of angiosperms, including monocots, eudicots, rosids and asterids. The MP and ML trees are incongruent in three areas: the position of Amborella and Nymphaeales, relationship of the magnoliid genus Calycanthus, and the monophyly of the eurosid I clade. Both MP and ML trees provide strong support for the monophyly of eurosids II and for the placement of Citrus (Sapindales) sister to a clade including the Malvales/Brassicales. CONCLUSION: This is the first complete chloroplast genome sequence for a member of the Rutaceae and Sapindales. Expansion of the inverted repeat region to include @entity46493 and part of @entity46494 and presence of two truncated copies of @entity46494 is unusual among sequenced chloroplast genomes. Availability of a complete Citrus chloroplast genome sequence provides valuable information on intergenic spacer regions and endogenous regulatory sequences for chloroplast genetic engineering. Phylogenetic analyses resolve relationships among several major clades of angiosperms and provide strong support for the monophyly of the eurosid II clade and the position of the Sapindales sister to the Brassicales/Malvales.

title: The complete chloroplast genome sequence of XXXX 'Ridge Pineapple': organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['Citrus sinensis']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial disease Citrus canker']

answer: @entity7588 :: (2711,Species) :: ['Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck var']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity859 stress magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) and @entity452 stress magnetic resonance (DSMR) wall motion analyses are highly accurate for the detection of @entity741 . However, knowledge about the prognostic value of stress MR examinations is limited. We sought to determine the value of MRP and DSMR, as assessed during a single-session examination, in predicting the outcome of @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 513 @entity1 (with known or suspected @entity301 , prior coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention), a combined single-session magnetic resonance stress examination (MRP and DSMR) was performed at 1.5 T. For first-pass perfusion imaging, the standard @entity859 stress imaging protocol (140 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 6 minutes, 3-slice turbo field echo-echo-planar imaging or steady-state free precession sequence, 0.05 mmol/kg @entity7241 ) was applied, and for DSMR, the standard high-dose @entity452 / @entity3897 protocol (steady-state free-precession cine sequence) was applied. Stress testing was classified as pathological if at MRP > or = 1 segment showed an inducible perfusion deficit > 25% transmurality or if at DSMR > or = 1 segment showed an inducible wall motion abnormality. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 0.06 to 4.55 years), 19 @entity299 occurred (4.1%; 9 @entity204 , 10 nonfatal @entity583 ). The 3-year event-free survival was 99.2% for @entity1 with normal MRP and DSMR and 83.5% for those with abnormal MRP and DSMR. Univariate analysis showed @entity63 identified by MRP and DSMR to be predictive of @entity299 (hazard ratio, 12.51; 95% confidence interval, 3.64 to 43.03; and hazard ratio, 5.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.18 to 13.50; P<0.001, respectively); other predictors were @entity6 , known @entity453 , and the presence of resting wall motion abnormality. By multivariate analysis, @entity63 on magnetic resonance stress testing (MRP or DSMR) was an independent predictor of @entity299 . In a stepwise multivariate model (Cox regression), an abnormal magnetic resonance stress test result had significant incremental value over clinical risk factors and resting wall motion abnormality (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 , @entity741 detected by MRP and DSMR can be used to identify @entity1 at high risk for subsequent @entity204 or nonfatal @entity583 . For @entity1 with normal MRP and DSMR, the 3-year event-free survival was 99.2%. MR stress testing provides important incremental information over clinical risk factors and resting wall motion abnormalities.

title: Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance stress tests: @entity859 stress perfusion and XXXX stress wall motion imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity452 :: (MESH:D004280,Chemical) :: ['dobutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ) is the most common acquired disease of muscle in adults over the age of 50 years. Although there is compelling evidence for the importance of @entity1200 in its pathogenesis, the cause of the disease is not known, and it is considered to be resistant to treatment with @entity288 and other conventional immunosuppressive agents. beta-Interferon (betaIFN), an immunomodulatory cytokine, is a candidate therapeutic agent for @entity5589 . METHOD: A 24-week, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial of 30 microg of beta-interferon-1a (betaINF1a) administered IM once a week in 30 @entity1 with @entity5589 was conducted. The primary goal was to establish the safety and tolerability of betaINF1a in @entity5589 . A secondary goal was to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of betaINF1a by measuring changes from baseline in muscle strength and muscle mass. RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 30 subjects enrolled completed the study. Two subjects (one in the placebo group, one in the betaINF1a group) experienced severe adverse events. One subject, randomized to receive betaINF1a, died from an @entity63 bowel after resection of a @entity694 . No subjects required dosage reductions, and the adverse event profile was similar for the placebo and betaINF1a groups. There were no significant differences in the changes in muscle strength and muscle mass between the placebo and betaINF1a groups at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: betaINF1a at a dose of 30 microg/week IM is well tolerated in @entity5589 . Further studies are needed to establish its therapeutic usefulness in this @entity5442 .

title: Randomized pilot trial of betaINF1a (Avonex) in @entity1 with inclusion body XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory myopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['Inclusion body myositis', 'IBM']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mass']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['myositis']


abstract: This study examined the use of @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) suppression before gonadotropin stimulation in 26 @entity1 with failed prior @entity52 ( @entity52 ) attempts and variable basal serum gonadotropin levels. @entity3086 , 1 mg subcutaneously per day, was administered from the midluteal phase of the cycle before @entity52 treatment. Concomitantly, stimulation was initiated on cycle day 3 with @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Based on their prior @entity52 attempts and serum gonadotropin levels on cycle day 3, 9 @entity1 were high responders with elevated mean basal luteinizing hormone (LH)/FSH, 8 were low responders with elevated mean basal FSH/LH, 7 were intermediate responders with normal mean basal FSH/LH and a history of premature LH surge, and 2 had elevated (perimenopausal) mean FSH and LH. @entity3086 was discontinued on the day of @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Prior @entity52 attempts in the same @entity1 with the same protocol, but without @entity4397 suppression, were used as controls. The mean number of ampules of hMG and FSH was significantly higher in @entity3086 cycles than in controls. The mean day of hCG administration was also higher for @entity3086 cycles than for controls. The mean LH and @entity1420 levels on the day of hCG were significantly lower in @entity3086 cycles. The mean number of preovulatory oocytes aspirated and transferred was higher in @entity3086 cycles. Cancellation and pregnancy rates were improved in @entity3086 cycles. It is concluded that prior @entity4397 suppression is beneficial for follicular recruitment for @entity52 . More @entity1 with variable basal serum gonadotropin levels need to be studied before definite recommendations are made.

title: Value of suppression with a XXXX agonist prior to gonadotropin stimulation for @entity52 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity3086 :: ('MESH:D016729', 'Chemical') :: ['leuprolide', 'Leuprolide']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity4396 :: (2796,Gene) :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']