abstract: BACKGROUND: non- @entity1374 (NTIS) has been associated with an adverse clinical outcome. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the prevalence of NTIS, its impact on @entity1 ' survival and the possible pathogenic role of systemic @entity32 . DESIGN: observational cross-sectional analysis. @entity1 AND SETTING: three hundred and one acutely ill older @entity1 (156 @entity1 ; median age 81 years, range 65-101) consecutively admitted to a primary care unit. METHODS: serum FT(3), FT(4) and @entity7287 levels as well as acute @entity32 indexes were evaluated. RESULTS: the NTIS prevalence (specifically @entity3214 ) was 31.9%. A significant association was found between NTIS and @entity810 (P = 0.006), New York Heart Association classification (NYHA) IV @entity712 (P = 0.003) and metastasised @entity5 (P = 0.0002). Serum FT(3) values correlated inversely with serum @entity1851 (P < 0.0001), @entity880 dehydrogenase (P = 0.0004), @entity2002 (P = 0.03) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P < 0.0001) values, and progressively decreased with increasing tertiles of age (P = 0.0004). The mortality rate was significantly higher (P = 0.0002) among @entity1 with @entity3214 , which emerged as the sole predictive factor of @entity204 (odds ratio 4.3; 95% confidence interval 1.7-10.5). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3214 is very common in the hospitalised older population, emerging as the most sensitive independent predictor of short-term survival. Serum FT(3) determination should be included in the assessment of short-term prognosis of acutely ill older @entity1 .

title: XXXX and short-term survival in a hospitalised older population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease']

entities_list: @entity3214 :: ('MESH:D005067', 'Disease') :: ['low T3 syndrome']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity7287 :: ('MESH:D013972', 'Chemical') :: ['thyrotropin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroidal illness syndrome']

answer: @entity3214 :: (MESH:D005067,Disease) :: ['Non-thyroidal illness syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This single-assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the efficacy of physiotherapy-delivered clinical Pilates and general exercise for @entity1643 . METHODS: Eighty-seven community volunteers with @entity1643 for >= 3 months and age 18-70 were randomized to either the Pilates (n = 44) or general exercise (n = 43) group. The primary outcome was @entity158 /disability measured with the Quebec scale. Secondary outcomes included @entity158 on a numeric rating scale, @entity1 -Specific Functional Scale, Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire, quality of life, and global perceived effect of treatment. All @entity1 attended 60-min exercise sessions twice weekly for 6 wk supervised by a physiotherapist and performed daily home exercises that were continued during the follow-up. @entity1 from the clinical Pilates group received an individualized direction-specific exercise program prescribed by the physiotherapist after a clinical examination. The general exercise group received a generic set of exercises that were multidirectional and nonspecific. Outcomes were assessed after 6 wk (primary time point) and at 12 and 24 wk. Differences in mean change were compared between groups using ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values of the outcome. RESULTS: Eighty-three @entity1 (96%) completed the 6-wk intervention and 60 (69%) completed the 24-wk follow-up. At 6 wk, no difference was found between groups for change in the Quebec scale (3.5, 95% confidence interval = -7.3 to 0.3, P = 0.07); both groups showed significant improvements. Similar results were found at the 12- and 24-wk follow-up and for the secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS: An individualized clinical Pilates program produced similar beneficial effects on self-reported disability, @entity158 , function and health-related quality of life as a general exercise program in community volunteers with @entity1643 .

title: Clinical pilates versus general exercise for XXXX : randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to introduce our surgical experiences of @entity1635 and to evaluate the effectiveness of anterior correction and fusion in @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ). METHODS: Between August 2004 and August 2007, four @entity1 with @entity1615 were treated with @entity1347 at our hospital. Mean follow-up period was 9 (6-12) months. The average age was 14.0 (13-15) years. According to Lenke classification, three @entity1 showed Lenke 1 curve and one @entity1 with Lenke 5 curve. Single rod instrumentation was performed in one @entity1 , dual rod instrumentation in one @entity1 and combined rod instrumentation in two @entity1 . Coronal Cobb measurements were performed on all curves in thoracic, thoracolumbar and, lumbar spine and the angle of hump was measured by a scoliometer pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: The average operative time was 394 minutes (255-525) with an average intraoperative @entity190 of 1,225 ml (1,000-1,700). The mean period of hospital stay was 19.3 days and there was no complication related to the surgery. The mean Cobb angle was reduced from 43.3 degrees to 14.8 degrees (65.8% correction) postoperatively and the rib hump corrected less than 5 degrees . All @entity1 and their parents were satisfied with the deformity correction. CONCLUSION: Anterior spinal correction and fusion of @entity1615 with Lenke 1 and 5 curve showed excellent @entity85 . In particular, we recommend anterior dual rod instrumentation because of mechanical stability, better control of @entity1513 , and a higher fusion rate.

title: Short segment anterior correction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segmental fusion and fixation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity correction without any complications']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4858 following exposure to the toxic agent @entity599 mustard (SM) are characterized by @entity697 and @entity32 of the anterior segment that may be followed by delayed @entity267 , expressed clinically by neovascularization and epithelial defects. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of SM on corneal endothelium (CE) during the acute and delayed phase in relation to the development of the long-term pathology. METHODS: @entity95 eyes were exposed to SM vapor. A clinical follow-up including pachymetry for measurement of corneal thickness were conducted up to 3 months following exposure. In vivo analysis of corneal endothelium in the central and peripheral cornea was carried out, using a contact specular microscopy. Morphometric analysis of cell area and number of cells was performed, to include the acute and delayed phases. Eyes were taken for histology at different time points following exposure (1 h to 3 months). TUNEL staining (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling) was conducted for detection of apoptosis during the acute phase. RESULTS: SM induced @entity697 and prolonged @entity1347 . Corneal thickness increased within hours, declined after few days but remained higher compared to baseline value for months after the exposure, indicating a chronic @entity4 . Apoptotic alterations were first observed at 6 h resulting in a significant decline in the number of endothelial cells at 24-48 h following exposure. Healing of the endothelium was relatively fast and at one week the Descemet's membrane was resurfaced, yet, the density and morphology of the cells was often abnormal. Moreover, histological evaluation revealed @entity85 of many cells (polymegathism and pleomorphism), thickening and double layered Descemet's membrane. These changes were more pronounced in corneas displaying delayed pathology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: SM induced apoptotic cell death of endothelial cells that was accompanied by @entity3279 . The impaired healing of the endothelium, including the decrease in endothelial cell density was associated with the delayed-onset @entity130 . Since @entity1 corneal endothelium is almost amitotic, endothelium @entity137 should be taken into consideration when testing potential treatments against @entity4858 following SM exposure.

title: Endothelial cell damage following @entity599 mustard exposure in XXXX and its association with the delayed-onset ocular lesions.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute corneal erosions']

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['corneal injuries']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4858 :: ('MESH:D005131', 'Disease') :: ['ocular injuries', 'Ocular injuries']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformation and enlargement']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: AIMS: Lack of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) awareness is common. Recent data suggest that the presence of concurrent @entity6 may heighten @entity740 awareness, but current data have not supported the hypothesis that healthcare delivery or insurance status improves awareness in the @entity6 population. @entity6 is associated with high @entity65 ( @entity65 ) morbidity, especially in @entity1 with @entity740 . We hypothesized that a highly prevalent co-morbid condition such as @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity6 would predict @entity740 awareness. METHODS: We utilized data from the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP(TM)), a large screening program designed to identify high-risk individuals for @entity740 and promote awareness. RESULTS: Among 77,077 @entity1 , @entity740 was identified in 20,200 and @entity6 in 23,082. Prevalence of @entity65 was higher in @entity1 with than without @entity6 (39.5 vs. 22.0%) and in stage 3-5 compared to stage 1-2 @entity740 (43.3 vs. 34.4%). @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity65 had a higher level of awareness than those without @entity6 (8.2 vs. 2.2%). Among @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity65 , the presence of @entity712 was a better predictor of awareness [odds ratio (OR) 1.84; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.40-2.43] than endpoints such as @entity583 or @entity64 [ @entity26853 (95% CI 1.04-1.73) and @entity18703 (95% CI 1.04-1.72), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: While prevalence of @entity740 awareness remained low, our data suggest that in @entity1 with @entity6 the presence of @entity65 was associated with increased awareness in a targeted screening program for @entity740 awareness.

title: @entity65 Predicts XXXX Awareness in the Kidney Early Evaluation Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['Chronic Kidney Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated-receptor-y (PPARy) acts as a transcriptional regulator of multiple genes involved in @entity413 and lipid metabolism. In vitro studies showed that activated PPARy suppresses @entity14207 -gene expression and vice versa. However, it has not yet been determined in vivo, whether @entity14207 -PPARy-interactions play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of @entity6 complications and specifically in accelerated @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity6970 -/- and @entity6970 -/-/ @entity14207 -/-- @entity19 were rendered @entity6 by intraperitoneal injections of @entity3839 . @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity6970 -/-- @entity19 were further randomized to receive the @entity14207 antagonist @entity9887 , the selective PPARy antagonist @entity4301 , @entity9887 and @entity4301 or vehicle for 18 weeks. @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity6970 -/-/ @entity14207 -/-- @entity19 were randomized to receive either @entity4301 or vehicle. @entity4301 treatment in @entity6 @entity6970 -/- and @entity6 @entity6970 -/-/ @entity19729 -/-- @entity19 resulted in the highest elevation of fasting blood @entity413 levels, whereas @entity9887 treatment and @entity19729 deficiency in @entity6970 -/-- @entity19 showed the lowest fasting blood @entity413 levels. @entity6 @entity6970 -/-- @entity19 displayed severe @entity73 , enhanced oxidative stress and @entity731 formation. @entity6970 -/-/ @entity14207 -/- and @entity9887 -treated @entity6970 -/-- @entity19 showed a significantly better endothelial function, decreased oxidative stress and reduced @entity731 formation. Treatment of @entity6 @entity6970 -/- and @entity6970 -/-/ @entity14207 -/-- @entity19 with the selective PPARy antagonist @entity4301 omitted the atheroprotective effects of @entity14207 deficiency or @entity19729 antagonism. CONCLUSION: Genetic disruption or pharmacological inhibition of the @entity14207 attenuates @entity731 and improves endothelial function in @entity6 @entity6970 -/-- @entity19 via the PPARy pathway.

title: XXXX -deficiency induced atheroprotection in @entity6 @entity19 is partially mediated via PPARy.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of endothelial function']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['increased atherosclerotic lesion', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesion']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity14207 :: (11610(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AT1-receptor']


abstract: Surgery is the primary therapeutic strategy for most solid @entity5 ; however, modern oncology has established that @entity5 are frequently systemic diseases. Being however a local treatment, the mechanisms through which surgery plays its systemic role remain unknown. We have investigated the influence of cytoreduction on the immune system of primary and recurrent @entity43 . All @entity43 @entity1 show an increase in @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + circulating cells ( @entity404 T( @entity16127 ) ). @entity404 / @entity405 ratio is increased in primary @entity5 , but not in recurrent @entity5 . Primary cytoreduction is able to increase circulating @entity404 and @entity405 effector cells and decrease @entity404 na  ve T cells. @entity404 + T( @entity16127 ) cells rapidly decreased after primary @entity5 debulking, while @entity405 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + ( @entity16127 ) cells are not detectable in peripheral blood. Similar results on @entity404 T( @entity16127 ) were observed with chemical debulking in @entity1 subjected to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity404 and @entity405 T( @entity16127 ) cells are both present in neoplastic tissue. @entity688 serum levels decrease after surgery, while no changes are observed in transforming growth factor-b    and @entity650 levels. Surgically induced reduction of the immunosuppressive environment results in an increased capacity of @entity405 + T cells to respond to the recall antigens. None of these changes was observed in @entity1 previously subjected to chemotherapy or affected by recurrent disease. In conclusion, we demonstrate in @entity43 that primary debulking is associated with a reduction of circulating T( @entity16127 ) and an increase in @entity405 T-cell function. Debulking plays a beneficial systemic effect by reverting immunosuppression and restoring immunological fitness.

title: XXXX cytoreduction induces changes in T cell population subsets reducing immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the salient features of surgical management of @entity1764 occurring @entity325 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. Retrospective analysis SETTING: Institutional teaching department @entity1 Four consecutive cases of mediastinal abscess treated between 1990 to 1996. Selection criteria were presence of @entity281 radiological evidence of widening of @entity6830 and confirmation of mediastinal infection at surgery. Computerized tomography of neck and thorax was done in one case to document the extent of abscess. SARGICAL MANAGEMENT: All the @entity1 underwent transcervical @entity135 and superior mediastintomy. The involved spaces in the neck and @entity6830 were irrigated with @entity4279 antimicrobial solution and negative suction drains put in the superior @entity6830 ta facilitate contituous drainage of the @entity6830 . One @entity1 required intercostal chest drainage for associated @entity3509 . Tracheotomy was done in all the @entity1 . RESULTS: All the @entity1 survived and discharged after a hospital stay of around three weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal complication of @entity281 can he alarmingly rapid and can be effectively managed by early recognition and aggressive surgical drainage combined with antibiotic therapy after appropriate aerobic and anaerobic cultures.

title: @entity1764 following XXXX : A therapeutic challenge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of neck abscess']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['Mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['betadine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep neck infection', 'deep neck infections']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['secondary to deep neck infections']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinum']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['deep neck infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Efficacy of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) and recombinant @entity1 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) delivered via absorbable collagen sponge ( @entity12300 ) on bone formation was evaluated in @entity840 tibias. Three-millimeter-circular bone tibia defects were created in 24 @entity840 assigned randomly to 4 groups according to the following defect filling materials: @entity12300 only, rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 , rhPDGF-BB+ @entity12300 , or empty. New bone formation was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically at 15 (early healing) and 45 days (late healing). Mean new bone per total defect area ratio was 0.73, 0.57, 0.43, and 0.42 in rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 , rhPDGF-BB+ @entity12300 , @entity12300 only, and empty groups at early healing, respectively. During early healing, significantly more new bone formation was observed in rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 and rhPDGF-BB+ @entity12300 groups than in the control groups. New bone formation was significantly higher with rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 than with @entity12300 . Mean new bone per total defect area ratio was 0.81, 0.86, 0.74, and 0.75 in the rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 , rhPDGF-BB+ @entity12300 , @entity12300 only, and empty groups at late healing, respectively. During late healing, new bone formation was significantly higher in the rhPDGF-BB+ @entity12300 group relative to both control groups, but the results did not differ significantly from those in the rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 group. New bone formation in the rhBMP-2+ @entity12300 group did not change significantly between the healing periods. In the @entity12300 group, however, new bone formation was significantly higher in the late healing period. Both growth factors accelerated new bone formation in the early healing period. Although rhBMP-2 was more effective in the early healing period, the effects of rhPDGF-BB were longer lasting.

title: Histologic and Histomorphometric Comparison of Bone Regeneration Between XXXX and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB in Experimental Groups.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Brain @entity2758 ( @entity2758 ) are an important cause of @entity16 in young adults. The pathophysiology of these lesions is poorly understood. A soluble form of @entity31973 (sEng) has been shown to cause @entity409 and induce @entity1468 . We tested if sEng would be elevated in brain AVM tissues relative to @entity302 brain tissues, and also investigated whether sEng overexpression via gene transfer in the @entity19 brain would induce @entity455 and associated changes in downstream signaling pathways. METHODS: Expression levels of sEng in surgical specimens were determined by Western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity455 , levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and oxidative stress were determined by immunohistochemistry and gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Brain @entity2758 (n = 33) had higher mean sEng levels (245 +/- 175 vs 100 +/- 60, % of control, p = 0.04) compared with controls (n = 8), as determined by Western blot. In contrast, membrane-bound @entity31973 was not significantly different (108 +/- 79 vs 100 +/- 63, % of control, p = 0.95). sEng gene transduction in the @entity19 brain induced @entity1504 . It also increased MMP activity by 490 +/- 30% ( @entity1235 ) and 220 +/- 30% ( @entity5780 ), and oxidants by 260 +/- 20% ( @entity11838 ) at 2 weeks after injection, suggesting that MMPs and oxidative radicals may mediate sEng-induced @entity6980 . INTERPRETATION: The results suggest that elevated sEng may play a role in the generation of sporadic brain @entity2758 . Our findings may provide new targets for therapeutic intervention for @entity1 with brain @entity2758 . Ann Neurol 2009;66:19-27.

title: Soluble @entity31973 modulates aberrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysplasia', 'Vascular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations', 'AVMs']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal vascular structures']

entities_list: @entity6980 :: ('MESH:D066253', 'Disease') :: ['pathological vascular remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity11838 :: ('MESH:C027576', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxy-2-nonenal']

answer: @entity6980 :: (MESH:D066253,Disease) :: ['cerebral vascular remodeling']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of the transconjunctival entropion repair (TCER) for lower eyelid @entity4548 . DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : One hundred fifty-one eyelids in 120 @entity1 who underwent TCER for @entity4548 over a 12-year period from February 1991 through January 2003. METHODS: Surgical technique addressed all 3 anatomic factors underlying the entropion and was performed through a transconjunctival incision. Lateral tarsal strip procedure addressed horizontal eyelid laxity, lower eyelid retractor reinsertion addressed retractor disinsertion, and excision of a strip of the preseptal orbicularis oculi addressed preseptal orbicularis override. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Entropion resolution, entropion recurrence, postoperative eyelid retraction, and complication rate. RESULTS: Transconjunctival entropion repair resulted in resolution of entropion, with a success rate of 96.7% (146 of 151 eyelids); entropion recurrence rate was 3.3% (5 of 151 eyelids). No @entity1 had postoperative eyelid retraction or scleral show, and there were no overcorrections or secondary ectropions in any of the 151 eyelids. @entity260 occurred in 6 of 151 eyelids (4.0%) of 6 of 120 @entity1 (5.0%) and included @entity733 (1 eyelid, 0.7%), lateral tarsal strip dehiscence (2 eyelids, 1.3%), lateral canthal @entity10244 (2 eyelids, 1.3%), and conjunctivochalasis (1 eyelid, 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The transconjunctival lower eyelid entropion repair is effective and safe with low recurrence and complication rates. The TCER circumvents the risk of lower eyelid retraction and overcorrections that may occur with the transcutaneous approach.

title: Efficacy and complications of the transconjunctival entropion repair for lower eyelid XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4548 :: ('MESH:D004774', 'Disease') :: ['involutional entropion']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['stitch abscess']

answer: @entity4548 :: (MESH:D004774,Disease) :: ['involutional entropion']


abstract: @entity521 is a severe @entity5 characterized by poor prognosis. Identification of novel molecular targets and diversion of investigations on new drug trials is mandatory for @entity5 therapy. In this study, @entity1206 , @entity13557 , @entity8991 , and @entity11796 are used for the possible new treatment modalities in @entity521 cells. Notch and @entity2467 are novel molecules in @entity5 research, and Notch pathway is one of the emerging molecules in the @entity521 pathogenesis. Cytotoxic effects of these drugs at different time points, with different doses were studied in the SH-SY5Y @entity1 @entity521 cell line. Analysis of Notch and @entity2467 signaling with immunohistochemistry were constituted in multicellular @entity5 spheroids, and morphologic investigation was performed for digital imaging of @entity5 stem cells (CSCs) with electron microscopy. Size kinetics of spheroids was also determined after drug treatment. Results showed that all drugs were cytotoxic for @entity521 cells. Yet, this cytotoxic action did not correlate with the inhibitory effects in cell signaling. @entity521 spheroids showed increased immunoreactivity of Notch signaling and @entity2467 . Altered ultrastructural CSCs morphology was observed after @entity8991 and @entity11796 treatment compared with other drugs. @entity13557 showed cellular membrane destruction for both CSCs and the remaining population. In this study, independent effects of @entity137 in @entity5 cells with respect to CSCs were determined. Redundant cells, which are the bulk population in @entity5 a compound, destroyed with therapy, were neither a target for treatment nor a remarkable investigation of @entity5 .

title: Notch signaling-related therapeutic strategies with novel drugs in XXXX spheroids.

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride', 'Lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity8991 :: ('MESH:D002997', 'Chemical') :: ['clomipramine']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'pediatric tumor']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine tartrate']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of irreversible @entity130 with antimyosin antibody imaging depends on both antibody specificity and affinity. To characterize the role of antibody affinity, we performed studies in @entity235 with acute @entity1563 followed by reperfusion using 3 monoclonal antimyosin antibodies with different affinities. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity235 with experimental reperfused @entity583 were injected with 2 high-affinity radiolabeled monoclonal antimyosin Fab fragments (R11D10 and 2G42D7), 1 low-affinity antimyosin Fab (3H31E6), and a nonspecific Fab. The left lateral gamma images at 5 H were used to assess the @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) to blood (B) region of interest (ROI) count density ratios by computer planimetry. All @entity1188 were confirmed by in vivo imaging with 201Tl for perfusion defects as well as by postmortem histochemical staining. The mean @entity1188 /B ROI (+/-standard deviation [SD]) for R11D10 (1.701+/-0.376) was not significantly different from that of 2G42D7 (1.501+/-0.267, P = NS), but both were significantly greater than that of 3H31E6 Fab (0.85+/-0.12, P = .0001 and .0012, respectively). The @entity1188 /B ROI of 3H31E6 Fab was similar to that of nonspecific Fab (0.75 to 0.77 range). Radiolabeled R11D10 and 2G42D7 were unequivocally positive by gamma imaging in all @entity1188 by 5 H. No @entity1188 were visualized with 3H31E6 or nonspecific Fab. CONCLUSIONS: The low-affinity antibody, despite its specificity for cardiac myosin, cannot be used to image the @entity1188 zone. Therefore immunoscintigraphic diagnosis of irreversible @entity296 with radiolabeled antimyosin Fab is doubly specific because in vivo visualization required both specificity and high enough affinity of the antibody.

title: Complementary roles of antibody affinity and specificity for in vivo diagnostic cardiovascular targeting: how specific is antimyosin for irreversible XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'I', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['myocyte injury']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial damage']


abstract: To investigate the response of @entity1032 individuals (MR) with @entity1467 (Down-MR) to recombinant @entity1956 vaccine, three doses (20 micrograms per dose) were administered on the usual schedule (months 0, 1 and 6) to two groups of MR with mean age of 14.6 years. The first group consisted of 32 MR-Down. The second group consisted of 35 MR other etiologies (non Down-MR). Both had the same sex distribution and similar ages and weight/height index. The post vaccination anti-HBs titers were measured on months 1, 2, 6 and 8. The results could be analysed in 63 MR. Eight months after vaccination, 100% of Down-MR and 91% of non Down-MR developed a response to the vaccine (anti-HBs greater than 10 IU/l). Both groups achieved high antibody titers (geometric mean 4.298 and 6.424, respectively). A significant inverse correlation of anti-HBs with age was found, but not with sex of with the weight-height index. It was concluded that Down-MR in young age have a normal response to recombinant @entity1956 vaccine at the usual dose and schedule. Therefore, the goal to suppress the reservoir of @entity1956 in Down-MR both in institutions for MR and in normal schools should be achieved.

title: [Response to recombinant DNA antihepatitis B vaccine in @entity1032 patients with XXXX . A controlled study].

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retarded']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ["Down's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down's syndrome']


abstract: In order to study pathogenesis, reversibility, and treatment of @entity120 in @entity299 , a new experimental model to induce @entity358 has been designed. Previous models by other investigators were @entity254 between a systemic @entity7244 , and these could not provide constant induction of @entity358 . Furthermore the postoperative mortalities in their experiences were quite high and acute iatrogenic pathological changes such as @entity548 , @entity4 and @entity2415 developed in the pulmonary vasculature and parenchyma of the anastomosed lobe. Use of our adjustable pulmonary artery band has eliminated such unwanted complications. The surgical procedure includes an end-to-side @entity254 of the left main pulmonary artery to the descending thoracic aorta, and banding of the anastomosed pulmonary artery using the adjustable band. The band was gradually loosened by extrathoracic manipulation during three to four weeks observation after operation. This technique provided @entity235 to survive sufficiently long enough and with a high success rate, and to produce extremely advanced @entity358 . Of the twenty @entity235 operated such, eighteen survived the first postsurgical week and thirteen @entity235 developed @entity120 . Development of the medial hypertrophy was evident at one week and gradually advanced. In eight weeks, intimal cellular proliferation (Grade 2 of the Heath _ Edwards' classification) became apparent. In twelve weeks, the intimal proliferation became fibrous and acellular (Grade 3) and caused @entity432 . In twenty weeks specimen, typical @entity75 (Grade 4) and dilatation lesions (Grade 5) involved the small muscular arteries in the whole left lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A new experimental model of XXXX in @entity235 using an adjustable pulmonary artery band].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['plexiform lesions']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'hypertensive pulmonary vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['artery and pulmonary artery of one lung lobe']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of the lumen of some muscular arteries']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report 14 consecutive cases of @entity3225 after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) obtained from a single batch. METHODS: One vial of bevacizumab (100 mg/4 mL) was divided into 20 sterile injections and kept at 4 degrees C before use. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) was injected intravitreally into 19 eyes of 15 @entity1 to treat macular @entity4 or @entity1940 . All treatments were performed within 1 week of the bevacizumab, which was from a single batch, being aliquotted into the 20 doses. RESULTS: Of the 19 eyes, 14 showed moderate to severe @entity32 immediately after injection. Cultures of @entity7462 and vitreous from 5 eyes were negative for bacteria and fungi. Eyes with moderate @entity32 received topical or systemic antibiotics and @entity134 treatment. Five eyes with severe @entity32 underwent pars plana vitrectomy because of dense vitreous opacity. Visual acuity returned to preendophthalmitis levels in 12 eyes but had @entity735 at 1 month after the injection. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab can cause @entity3225 . Most @entity32 occurred within a few days after the intravitreous injection of the bevacizumab, but treatment with antibiotics, @entity230 , and/or vitrectomy was effective, and the prognosis was good in most cases.

title: XXXX after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab obtained from a single batch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'ocular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in 2 eyes']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis', 'sterile endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity3225 :: (MESH:D009877,Disease) :: ['Sterile endophthalmitis']


abstract: @entity18213 ( @entity18213 ) is a well reported cause of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) following thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. The resultant deficits are often incomplete, typically attributed to the variable nature of the vascular distribution. Our Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM and Rehabilitation) service was consulted about a 36-year-old @entity1 with generalised deconditioning, 3 months after a stab wound to the left ventricle. Physical examination revealed marked lower extremity @entity425 , @entity2421 , @entity427 , and a functioning bowel and bladder. Further questioning disclosed lower @entity809 . Nerve conduction studies showed slowed velocities, prolonged distal latencies and decreased amplitudes of all lower extremity nerves. Electromyography revealed denervation of all proximal and distal lower extremity musculature, with normal paraspinalis. Upper extremity studies were normal. Recently, 3 cases of @entity10145 , mimicking an incomplete @entity1566 , have been reported. This distinction is particularly difficult in the @entity1230 @entity1 with multiple @entity85 or prolonged recuperation time, in addition to a vascular insult, as in this @entity1 . The involved anatomical considerations will be discussed. A review of the electrodiagnostic data from 30 @entity1 , with lower extremity @entity425 following acute ischaemia, revealed a 20% incidence of spinal cord compromise, but no evidence of a @entity5300 .

title: XXXX in acute vascular compromise: case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['extremity dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['plexopathy']

entities_list: @entity18213 :: ('MESH:D020759', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior spinal artery syndrome', 'ASAS']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lumbosacral plexopathy']

answer: @entity10145 :: (MESH:C537221,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic lumbosacral plexopathy']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and literature review. OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a young @entity1 who sustained a penetrating wound with a knife tip retained in his cervical vertebrae and to review the literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Stab wound with foreign body retained, associated with @entity1566 and @entity1317 , is not commonly reported. The timing and approach of surgical intervention are still controversial. METHODS: A 17-year-old @entity1 with a wound in the neck presented with diminishing feeling and dysfunction of the left leg and arm. Radiographs demonstrated a foreign body at the C4 level, and possible spinal cord and @entity1317 were detected by computed tomography. Digital subtracted angiography showed a small lateral opening of the injured artery, which was successfully embolized. The knife tip was removed from the original wound without severe @entity5173 or @entity548 , RESULTS: The @entity1 achieved immediate improvement after the operation. CONCLUSION: Cases of simultaneous @entity1566 and @entity1317 in which the foreign body is retained are uncommonly reported. Digital subtracted angiography is necessary for cervical penetrating wounds and surgical approach should be individualized.

title: Stab wound with lodged knife tip causing spinal cord and XXXX : case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leakage']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery injury', 'vertebral artery injuries']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['vertebral artery injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: Considering the severe nature of living donor right hepatectomy (removal of two thirds of the original liver), identification of an anesthetic agent having a minimal impact on postoperative organ function seems important. We compared postoperative hepatic and renal functions between 2 inhalational anesthetics, @entity10233 ( @entity4743 ) and @entity5161 (Iso) among living donors undergoing right hepatectomy. METHOD: Sixty-four adult donors included in this retrospective study were divided into a Des group (n=32) and an Iso group (n=32). Before the induction of anesthesia, @entity1286 (400  g) was injected intrathecally. Anesthesia was maintained with 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of Des or Iso plus intravenous @entity1937 . Hepatic and renal function tests were analyzed preoperatively, immediately after operation, and on the first, second, third, fifth, seventh, and thirtieth postoperative days (POD). RESULTS: Total @entity648 showed significant elevations on @entity773 , 5, 7, and 30 in the Des group. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower immediately after operation and on @entity773 in the Des group. The @entity260 rates were similar between the 2 groups, and no @entity1 developed hepatic or @entity177 . CONCLUSION: The present study showed better postoperative hepatic and renal function tests with Iso than Des at an equivalent dose of 1 MAC among living donors undergoing right hepatectomy.

title: The effects of @entity10233 and XXXX on hepatic and renal functions after right hepatectomy in living donors.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The increasing number of elderly @entity1 accessing @entity341 ( @entity341 ) requires use of validated, rapid assessment instruments. The aim of this study was to compare the Identification of Seniors at Risk (ISAR) and Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST), based on direct @entity1 evaluation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: This study was a prospective observational study with 6 months follow-up. Subjects were 2,057 residents in the Marche Region, aged 65 or more years, accessing the first-level @entity341 of a geriatric hospital in Ancona, Italy, over a 6-month period. METHODS: ISAR and TRST were administered at triage by nurse. Outcomes were in need of hospital admission and mortality at the index @entity341 access, early (within 30 days) and late @entity341 revisit, hospitalization, and @entity204 in 6 months. RESULTS: ISAR (cutoff of>= 2) was positive in 68% of @entity1 , whereas 64% were TRST-positive. The two scores were significantly correlated and had similar areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in predicting hospital admission (ISAR, 0.68; TRST, 0.66) and mortality (ISAR, 0.74; TRST, 0.68), as well as early @entity341 revisit (ISAR, 0.63; TRST, 0.61). In the 6-month follow-up of @entity1 discharged alive, the tools predicted comparably @entity341 return visit (ISAR, 0.60; TRST, 0.59), hospital admission (ISAR, 0.63; TRST, 0.60), and mortality (ISAR, 0.74; TRST, 0.73). A similar performance was observed in the subgroup of @entity1 discharged directly from the @entity341 . CONCLUSIONS: Risk stratification of elderly @entity341 @entity1 with ISAR or TRST is substantially comparable for selecting elderly @entity341 @entity1 who could benefit from geriatric interventions. ISAR had slightly higher sensitivity and lower specificity than TRST.

title: Risk stratification of older XXXX in the emergency department: comparison between the Identification of Seniors at Risk and Triage Risk Screening Tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'emergency departments']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity10160 encodes the p110alpha catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase, which regulates signaling pathways important for @entity5 , cell proliferation and apoptosis. Somatic mutations in this gene have been detected in several solid @entity1 @entity5 . We investigated these mutations in cervical @entity189 and its precursors, and their association with @entity281 and @entity1 clinical data. The mutations were analyzed using post-PCR direct genomic DNA sequencing. Samples included 9 cervical @entity5 cell lines, 184 @entity189 , and 30 cervical @entity5 . Missense mutations of @entity10160 were identified in 15/184 (8.15%) @entity189 . One novel mutation @entity26048 ( @entity26049 ) was found. Three mutations were identified in the cervical @entity5 lines. No mutations were found in the precursors. The difference in mutation frequency between invasive and pre-invasive lesions was not significant (p=0.1372). In relation to age and HPV, the mutation rate was significantly higher in @entity1 >or=60 years (p=0.001), while the rate of @entity281 was higher in @entity1 <or=60 years (p=0.025). No significant correlation with other clinicopathological data was found. The results suggest that @entity10160 mutations are a late event and uncommon in the progression of @entity5 , but it appears that they facilitate @entity105 in older @entity1 .

title: Mutation of @entity10160 : possible risk factor for cervical @entity105 in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasias', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the sensitivity of nuchal-translucency measurement and compare it with that of second-trimester serum screening using population-based data and to evaluate the effect of nuchal-translucency measurement on the gestational age at prenatal diagnosis of @entity1467 and pregnancy termination. METHODS: We used The Paris Registry of @entity600 data on 594 cases of @entity1467 (live births, fetal @entity204 , and pregnancy terminations) from 2001-2006. Analyses were done separately for @entity1 younger than 38 years and @entity1 aged 38 years or older. Analyses included binomial regression and fractional polynomials to model time trends in gestational age at diagnosis and at pregnancy termination. RESULTS: Ninety percent of the fetuses had undergone nuchal-translucency measurement as compared with only 22% that underwent second-trimester serum screening. This was principally because half of the pregnant @entity1 were given a diagnosis of @entity1467 during the first trimester after an abnormal result of nuchal-translucency measurement. Second-trimester serum screening had a higher sensitivity than did nuchal-translucency measurement (72% compared with 56%). The increasing use of nuchal-translucency measurement led to an increase in early diagnosis of @entity1467 in @entity1 younger than 38 years of age; diagnosis before 15 weeks of gestation increased from 21.7% in 2001 to 51.6% in 2006 (P=.016). Pregnancy termination before 15 weeks also increased from 18.8% in 2001 to 47.5% in 2006 (P=.02). CONCLUSION: The main effect of the increased use of nuchal-translucency measurement was a substantial increase in the early detection of @entity1467 , principally in younger @entity1 . This is an important advantage because several studies have shown that @entity1 prefer early diagnosis of @entity1467 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Measurement of nuchal translucency and the prenatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Malformation']

answer: @entity1467 :: (MESH:D004314,Disease) :: ['Down syndrome']


abstract: Intact @entity35 erythrocytes and reticulocytes have been studied in relation to their concentration of beta-adrenergic receptors and their responsiveness to beta-adrenergic @entity2661 . Characteristics of the beta-receptor, as determined by binding of 125I-labelled @entity33992 , were compared among control erythrocytes and reticulocytes. The dissociation constant (Kd = 0.1--0.2 nM), association and dissociation kinetics, and stereospecificity for (--)-isomers of agonists and antagonists were similar in both cell types. The reticulocyte population contained four times more receptors per cell than the control erythrocytes. However, reticulocytes were 25 times more responsive than control cells to @entity3044 , as measured by the formation of @entity1919 . After peak reticulocytosis, cells rapidly lost 95% of their maximum hormone responsiveness, but beta-receptors declined much more slowly. The 4-fold decrease in beta-receptors was associated with a 4-fold decrease in cell volume as the reticulocytes matured. The density of beta-receptors was unchanged. However, responsiveness to @entity3044 in the reticulocytes when expressed on the basis of cell volume was still nine times greater than the control cells. Thus, maturation of reticulocytes is associated with an uncoupling of persistent beta-receptors from @entity2922 responsiveness.

title: Dissociation of beta-adrenergic receptors from hormone responsiveness during maturation of the XXXX reticulocyte.

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity33992 :: ('MESH:C012357', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxybenzylpindolol']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oil pulling has been used extensively as a traditional Indian folk remedy for many years for strengthening teeth, gums, and the jaw and to prevent decay, oral malodor, @entity548 gums, dryness of the throat, and cracked lips. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oil pulling with @entity5420 oil on plaque-induced @entity2522 and to compare its efficacy with @entity1216 mouthwash. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 age-matched adolescent @entity1 with plaque-induced @entity2522 were selected for this study. They were divided randomly into the study or oil pulling group (Group I) and the control or @entity1216 group (Group II) with 10 subjects in each group. Plaque index and modified gingival index scores were recorded for the 20 subjects and baseline plaque samples were also collected. The plaque samples were used to identify the microorganisms and to measure the total colony count of the aerobic microorganisms present. The study group was subjected to oil pulling with @entity5420 oil and the control group was given @entity1216 mouthwash everyday in the morning before brushing. Reassessment of the index scores and collection of plaque for measuring the colony count of the aerobic microorganisms was done after 10 days. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction of the pre- and post-values of the plaque and modified gingival index scores in both the study and control groups (P < 0.001 in both). There was a considerable reduction in the total colony count of aerobic microorganisms present in both the groups. CONCLUSION: The oil pulling therapy showed a reduction in the plaque index, modified gingival scores, and total colony count of aerobic microorganisms in the plaque of adolescents with plaque-induced @entity2522 .

title: Effect of oil pulling on plaque induced XXXX : a randomized, controlled, triple-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

answer: @entity2522 :: (MESH:D005891,Disease) :: ['gingivitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a remarkably heterogeneous disease. Luminal, basal-like, "normal-like", and @entity7171 + subgroups were identified and were shown to have different prognoses. The mechanisms underlying this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In our study, we explored the role of cellular differentiation and senescence as a potential cause of heterogeneity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A panel of @entity0 cell lines, isogenic clones, and @entity0 were used. Based on their ability to generate senescent progeny under low-density clonogenic conditions, we classified @entity0 cell lines as senescent cell progenitor (SCP) and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) subtypes. All SCP cell lines expressed @entity172 receptor (ER). Loss of ER expression combined with the accumulation of @entity5207 ( @entity5207 ) correlated with senescence in these cell lines. @entity5207 ( @entity5207 ) knockdown, @entity172 -mediated ER activation or ectopic ER overexpression protected cells against senescence. In contrast, @entity440 triggered a robust senescence response. As ER expression has been linked to luminal differentiation, we compared the differentiation status of SCP and @entity1358 cell lines using stem/progenitor, luminal, and myoepithelial markers. The SCP cells produced @entity26720 + or ER+ luminal-like and @entity3113 + myoepithelial-like progeny, in addition to @entity3844 + stem/progenitor-like cells. In contrast, @entity1358 cell lines acted as differentiation-defective stem/progenitor cells. Some @entity1358 cell lines generated only @entity3844 +/ @entity26720 -/ER-/ @entity3113 - progenitor/stem-like cells, and others also produced @entity26720 +/ER- luminal-like, but not @entity3113 + myoepithelial-like cells. Furthermore, gene expression profiles clustered SCP cell lines with @entity5 , and @entity1358 cell lines with @entity5 . The @entity1358 cells displayed higher tumorigenicity in @entity465 @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Luminal A and "normal-like" @entity0 cell lines were able to generate luminal-like and myoepithelial-like progeny undergoing senescence arrest. In contrast, luminal B/basal-like cell lines acted as stem/progenitor cells with defective differentiation capacities. Our findings suggest that the malignancy of @entity0 is directly correlated with stem/progenitor phenotypes and poor differentiation potential.

title: The ability to generate senescent progeny as a mechanism underlying XXXX cell heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['luminal B and basal-like tumors', 'luminal A and "normal-like" tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['immortal cell progenitor', 'ICP']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficient']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In @entity958 , the process of shoot regeneration in vitro requires the presence of specific miRNAs. We describe here the b-glucuronidase (GUS) expression domains for miR165a/166b, @entity30455 , and @entity30456 / @entity30457 during direct shoot regeneration. Increased GUS activity of @entity30458 and @entity30455 were first detected within the shoot apical meristem of explants, while no pmiR165a::GUS activity appeared there. The zone of pWUS::GUS activity covered the inner sides of developing protuberances, while that of pCLV3::GUS was more restricted. Once the primary shoot had emerged from the protuberance, pREV::GUS activity was turned on throughout the protuberance. pmiR165a::GUS activity was detected in a small number of protuberance surface cells, while pWUS::GUS activity was restricted to within a few cells beneath the protuberance surface. After the differentiation of leaf-like structures, GUS activity for miR165a and @entity30458 appeared largely on their abaxial surface, while pWUS::GUS activity was concentrated at the apex of the primary shoot, and no pCLV3::GUS activity was detectable. Following the formation of secondary shoots, pmiR165a::GUS activity was detected on their abaxial surface. GUS activity for @entity30458 , @entity30455 , and @entity30456 / @entity30457 were concentrated in the stem apical meristem. The observations suggested that each member of this set of genes might play a distinct role in both primary and secondary shoot regeneration.

title: GUS activity for miR165a/166b, @entity30455 , and XXXX / @entity30457 in in vitro direct @entity958 shoot regeneration.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity30456 :: (816305(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['WUS']


abstract: In all @entity1778 both in @entity1 and adults there is a need for novel therapies that could reduce the risk of relapse after standard treatment. @entity981 ( @entity981 ) cells are ineffective antigen presenting cells, but as shown by many authors including results from our laboratory, stimulation with @entity11603 restores their antigen expressing capacity. The development of T-cell therapies for @entity1778 @entity1 can be based on discovery of @entity1778 -associated antigens (LAA) which could be recognized by the host immune system. The aim of our present study was to test the hypothesis that @entity1778 -derived dendritic cells maintain the expression of @entity5 associated antigens. Twenty five @entity1 with B-cell precursor @entity981 were prospectively enrolled into the study. The mononuclear cells from peripheral blood or bone marrow were cultured and stimulated (or not) with @entity11603 and @entity3646 . The assessment of costimulatory/adhesion molecules with the use of flow cytometry and real-time RT PCR were used to confirm the possibility of turning @entity981 cells into dendritic-like cells. Additionally 22 @entity5 associated antigens mRNA levels were determined by real-time PCR technique with the TaqMan chemistry using ready-to-use Low Density Arrays for Gene Expression. The results of the study showed maintained expression and even up-regulation of some ( @entity29927 , @entity29928 , @entity16104 / @entity16104 , BSG and @entity11833 ) @entity5 associated antigens in @entity2936 -activated @entity1778 cells. @entity11603 stimulation leading to the differentiation of @entity1778 cells into DCs which combine both antigen presenting function and expression of @entity5 associated antigens represents an interesting approach in @entity5 immunotherapy.

title: @entity981 -derived dendritic cells express @entity5 associated antigens: @entity29927 , @entity29928 , @entity16104 , BSG and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic', 'leukemia', 'types of leukemia']

answer: @entity11833 :: (2067,Gene) :: ['ERCC1']


abstract: Trough @entity801 @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is time-consuming, disruptive to neonatal clinical care, and a @entity1 safety issue. Bayesian models could allow @entity734 to be performed opportunistically at the time of routine blood tests. This study aimed to develop and prospectively evaluate a new @entity801 model and a novel Bayesian computer tool (neoGent) for @entity734 use in neonatal intensive care. We also evaluated model performance for predicting peak concentrations and the area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 h to time t h (AUC0- t). A pharmacokinetic meta-analysis was performed on pooled data from three studies (1,325 concentrations from 205 @entity1 ). A 3-compartment model was used with the following covariates: allometric weight scaling, postmenstrual and postnatal age, and serum @entity1011 concentration. Final parameter estimates ( @entity2246 ) were as follows: clearance, 6.2 (0.3) liters/h/70 kg of body weight; central volume (V), 26.5 (0.6) liters/70 kg; intercompartmental disposition (Q), 2.2 (0.3) liters/h/70 kg; peripheral volume V2, 21.2 (1.5) liters/70 kg; intercompartmental disposition (Q2), 0.3 (0.05) liters/h/70 kg; peripheral volume V3, 148 (52.0) liters/70 kg. The model's ability to predict trough concentrations from an opportunistic sample was evaluated in a prospective observational cohort study that included data from 163 @entity1 and 483 concentrations collected in five hospitals. Unbiased trough predictions were obtained; the median (95% confidence interval [CI]) prediction error was 0.0004 (-1.07, 0.84) mg/liter. Results also showed that peaks and AUC0- t values could be predicted (from one randomly selected sample) with little bias but relative imprecision, with median (95% CI) prediction errors being 0.16 (-4.76, 5.01) mg/liter and 10.8 (-24.9, 62.2) mg    h/liter, respectively. neoGent was implemented in R/NONMEM and in the freely available TDMx software.

title: Development and Evaluation of a XXXX Pharmacokinetic Model That Facilitates Opportunistic @entity801 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neonates and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard errors']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['Gentamicin']


abstract: CONTEXT: Relapses of acute @entity565 following @entity341 ( @entity341 ) discharge can be reduced with systemic @entity228 treatment. However, whether inhaled @entity288 (ICSs) provide additional benefit is not known. Objective To determine whether the addition of ICSs to oral @entity228 treatment would reduce relapses in @entity1 with acute @entity565 discharged from the @entity341 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted in a community teaching hospital @entity341 in Canada between November 1995 and September 1997, with a 21-day follow-up. @entity1 : A total of 1006 consecutive @entity1 aged 16 to 60 years presented to the @entity341 with acute @entity565 ; after excluding those using oral and/or inhaled @entity288 as well as those meeting other exclusion criteria, 188 were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were discharged with a nontapering course of oral @entity229 (50 mg/d) for 7 days. In a double-blind fashion, @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1600 microg/d of inhaled @entity4184 (n = 94) or identical placebo (n = 94) for 21 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of relapse, defined as an unscheduled visit for worsening @entity565 symptoms, in @entity4184 vs placebo groups. Secondary outcomes included response to the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, @entity2263 -agonist use, symptom score, global @entity565 improvement assessment, and pulmonary function. RESULTS: Five @entity1 in the @entity4184 group and 3 in the placebo group either dropped out or were lost to follow-up but were included in primary analyses. After 21 days, 12 (12.8%) of 94 @entity1 in the @entity4184 group experienced a relapse compared with 23 (24.5%) of 94 in the placebo group, a 48% relapse reduction (P=.049). Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire scores were higher (better quality) in the @entity4184 group (P=.001), as well as for all domain scores (P=.001 to .01). Fewer @entity2263 -agonist activations were used at the end of the trial by @entity1 receiving @entity4184 (2.4/d vs 4.2/d; P=.01). Symptom scores (P=.001 to .004) and self-assessed @entity565 improvement scores (based on a 7-point Likert scale) (6.2 vs 5.2; P<.001) were higher (indicating fewer symptoms) for @entity4184 vs placebo. There were no differences in pulmonary function between the groups (peak expiratory flow rate: @entity4184 , 437 vs placebo, 453 L/min; P= .39) at 21 days. Using this approach, as few as 9 @entity1 would require @entity4184 to prevent 1 relapse. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 discharged from the @entity341 following treatment for acute @entity565 benefit from added treatment with high-dose inhaled @entity4184 for 21 days compared with oral @entity288 alone.

title: Inhaled @entity4184 in addition to oral XXXX to prevent asthma relapse following discharge from the @entity341 : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2493 receptors are seven-pass G protein-coupled receptors located in many tissues throughout the body, including the corneal epithelium (CE), and relay circadian signals to the target cells. The purpose of this study was to determine more precisely the cellular distribution of the @entity2493 receptors in the surface cells of the CE of @entity1238 , and to examine the relative distribution of @entity2493 receptor subtype expression at different times during the circadian cycle. METHODS: Cryostat sections and whole corneas of adult @entity1238 were processed for immunocytochemistry using antibodies specific for each of the three @entity2493 receptor subtypes ( @entity28453 , @entity28453 , and @entity28454 ). For the circadian studies, corneas were obtained from euthanized frogs at 4-h intervals during a 24-h period under a 12 h:12 h light-dark cycle. Double-label immunocytochemistry was performed using a @entity28453 antibody in combination with antibodies against @entity28453 , @entity28454 , or the zonula occludens protein @entity28455 . Corneal whole-mount specimens and corneal sections were analyzed by laser-scanning confocal microscopy. RESULTS: All three @entity2493 receptor subtypes were expressed on the surface and sub-superficial layer of CE cells, but with different sub-cellular distributions. The @entity28453 receptor was highly localized to the lateral plasma membrane of the surface CE, but also displayed cytoplasmic localization at some times of day, especially at night. @entity28454 showed a similar pattern of labeling to @entity28453 , but there were some distinctive differences, insofar as the @entity28454 receptors were usually located immediately basal to the @entity28453 receptors. The relative degree of membrane and cytoplasmic labeling of the @entity28456 also oscillated during the 24-h period, but was out of phase with the changes that occurred in the @entity28453 receptor localization. Furthermore, in the late afternoon time point, the @entity28453 and @entity28454 receptors were highly co-localized, suggestive of heterodimerization, whereas at other time points, the two receptors were distinctly not co-localized. Double-label immunocytochemistry of @entity28453 and @entity28455 demonstrated that the @entity28453 receptor was located basal to the tight junctions, on the lateral membrane in very close proximity to the @entity28455 protein. CONCLUSIONS: @entity28453 , @entity28453 , and @entity28456 subtypes are expressed in the lateral plasma membrane of the @entity1238 surface CE, at a position in close proximity to the tight junctions that form the corneal diffusion barrier. The very close association of the @entity28453 receptors to the @entity28455 peripheral membrane tight junction proteins is suggestive of a potential role for @entity2493 in influencing the rate of tight junction formation or breakdown. The transient co-localization of @entity28453 and @entity28454 late in the light period is suggestive of formation of heterodimers that may influence receptor responsiveness and/or activity during specific periods of the day. The dynamic daily changes in @entity2493 receptor subtype expression and localization in the surface CE supports the concept that @entity2493 signaling may affect circadian activities of the surface epithelium of the @entity267 .

title: @entity2493 receptor expression in XXXX surface corneal epithelium: diurnal rhythm of lateral membrane localization.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis', 'Xenopus']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To model keratoconus (KC) progression and investigate the differential responses of central and eccentric cones to standard and alternative collagen cross-linking (CXL) patterns. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models (FEMs) were generated with clinical tomography and IOP measurements. Graded reductions in regional corneal hyperelastic properties and thickness were imposed separately in the less affected eye of a KC @entity1 . Topographic results, including maximum curvature and first-surface, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), were compared to those of the more affected contralateral eye. In two eyes with central and eccentric cones, a standard broad-beam CXL protocol was simulated with 200- and 300- m treatment depths and compared to spatially graded broad-beam and cone-centered CXL simulations. RESULTS: In a model of KC progression, maximum curvature and @entity571 increased as regional corneal hyperelastic properties were decreased. A topographic cone could be generated without a reduction in corneal thickness. Simulation of standard 9-mm-diameter CXL produced decreases in corneal curvature comparable to clinical reports and affected cone location. A 100- m increase in CXL depth enhanced flattening by 24% to 34% and decreased @entity571 by 22% to 31%. Topographic effects were greatest with cone-centered CXL simulations. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive hyperelastic weakening of a @entity267 with subclinical KC produced topographic features of manifest KC. The clinical phenomenon of topographic flattening after CXL was replicated. The magnitude and higher-order optics of this response depended on IOP and the spatial distribution of stiffening relative to the cone location. Smaller diameter simulated treatments centered on the cone provided greater reductions in curvature and @entity571 than a standard broad-beam CXL pattern.

title: XXXX -specific computational modeling of keratoconus progression and differential responses to collagen cross-linking.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: @entity957 of the @entity135 ( @entity213 ) is a complex disease. @entity1 with more advanced stages are treated with curative intent by a combination of surgery and radiotherapy, but still about 50% develop a relapse: locally, regionally and at distant sites. This clinical outcome strongly indicates that small histologically undetectable @entity5 deposits remain at these sites: 'minimal @entity66 '. In this article the different aspects related to minimal @entity135 will be reviewed shortly. The management of @entity1 with @entity135 as well as the clinical problems in diagnosis and treatment will be described. The crucial role of minimal @entity66 in @entity135 will be defined and diagnostic approaches to address the problem will be reviewed. We argue that the infiltration and dissemination of @entity213 takes place beyond the level of histopathological detection, and further that molecular staging will at least in part fill in the gap between anatomical @entity2802 staging and the clinical outcome. However, it is not only the presence of infiltrated or disseminated @entity5 cells that will determine the prognosis. Also the biological characteristics of the @entity5 cells at the various sites are important for the clinical follow-up. Promising therapeutic approaches to deal with minimal @entity66 will be discussed shortly. Finally the issues 'field cancerization' and second @entity5 in @entity135 are addressed as these are closely linked to local recurrence and distant metastases. Moreover, second @entity5 will gain more importance when the primary disease and the frequency of relapses are better controlled.

title: Minimal residual disease in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['residual head and neck cancer', 'head and neck', 'head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: 1. Biological invasions have profound effects on community structure. The community composition following invasions can be influenced by the habitat diversity and the species' responses to abiotic factors. 2. We evaluated the tolerance to climatic factors and analysed the field distribution of four polyphagous @entity238 (Diptera: Tephritidae) of La R  union Island (three exotic species that successively invaded the island and the @entity4759 ) in order to evaluate the opportunities of coexistence by niche differentiation. 3. Atmospheric humidity and immersion in water in the laboratory greatly influence the survival of @entity238 pupae. While C. catoirii and C. rosa are very sensitive to desiccation, @entity19428 and especially Bactrocera zonata are relatively tolerant. B. zonata also tolerated immersion in water much longer than did C. rosa and C. catoirii, that in turn were more resistant than @entity19428 . Overall, field distributions agree with the predictions based on this study of humidity combined with previous data on the effects of temperature. 4. Climatic niche partitioning promotes coexistence between some but not all pairs of invasive species. Thus, C. rosa can coexist with both @entity19428 and B. zonata at the regional scale, while climatic niches are not different enough to promote coexistence of the latter two species. The endemic species has no private climatic niche either and this now very rare species could be in the process of extinction. 5. By promoting coexistence or not, climatic diversity in invaded areas can directly affect the community composition following invasions.

title: Climatic niche partitioning following successive invasions by XXXX in La R  union.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fruit fly', 'fruit flies']

entities_list: @entity4759 :: ('MESH:D006043', 'Disease') :: ['endemic species Ceratitis catoirii']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['fruit flies']


abstract: Treatment of acute @entity65 is expensive, and a preventative approach may be cheaper. Since pharmacological costs account for a large proportion of costs in prevention programmes, a non-pharmacological approach such as that used by us in Ashkelon on mild @entity101 , relying on stress management, weight management and exercise aimed at reducing risk factors, might prove to be more cost-effective. After six months on a 1,000 calorie/day diet, 69 @entity28 subjects (initial body mass index greater than 28 kg/m2) had reduced their weight by an average of 7.3 kg (P less than 0.005). This weight reduction contributed to a significant @entity551 (SBP) from 157.3 to 137.6 mmHg (P less than 0.005) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) from 101.1 to 85.2 mmHg (P less than 0.005), which was sustained at two-year follow-up. Pharmacological treatment could be stopped in about one-quarter of these cases. In @entity28 mild- @entity101 , deep @entity121 and biofeedback techniques were prescribed. Significant decreases in SBP (153.1 to 138.3 mmHg, P less than 0.005) and DBP (101.2 to 90.1 mmHg, P less than 0.005) were achieved at six months. In nine out of 19 cases pharmacological treatment was stopped after six to eight months. Smoking cessation was achieved by individual instruction together with stress management techniques, physical exercise and a @entity1239 -based chewing gum. After six months 18 out of 30 heavy smokers had stopped smoking, and the remaining 12 had reduced their cigarette consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Resource savings from non-pharmacological control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular illness']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Families of @entity1 with complex chronic medical illnesses (CCMI) benefit from coordinated, family-centered healthcare. OBJECTIVE: Compare parental perceptions of inpatient family-centered care for @entity1 with CCMI in structured clinical programs (SCPs) with those who are not in SCPs. DESIGN/METHODS: Cross-sectional mail survey of parents of @entity1 with CCMIs using the 56-item Measure of Processes of Care (MPOC) to rate perceptions of family-centered healthcare. We compared responses of @entity17938 to non- @entity17938 @entity1 . RESULTS: 215 (36.6%) of 588 surveys were returned. Response rates were 40.0% for @entity17938 and 33.8% for non- @entity17938 @entity1 . The proportion of favorable (6-7) ratings was higher for the @entity17938 group than for the non- @entity17938 group (52.4% vs. 48.3%, p < 0.035). The proportion of unfavorable ratings was also different (5.4% vs. 12.3%, p =< 0.001). @entity17938 families felt care was directed at the whole @entity1 and consistent. Non- @entity17938 families reported more unmet needs and less recognition of their role. CONCLUSIONS: Parents of @entity1 with CCMI perceive inpatient care as more family-centered when provided in conjunction with a @entity17938 . @entity1 receiving non- @entity17938 care may benefit from inclusion in SCPs dedicated to their needs. Further studies to determine the best way to provide this care are needed.

title: XXXX with chronic complex medical illnesses: Is inpatient care family-centered?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'child', 'children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity6 , chronic @entity4854 (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin level) is related to the development of @entity66 ; however, the relation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to @entity66 is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To study the association of cardiovascular events (CVE) with glycosylated haemoglobin in @entity6 @entity1 . DESIGN: Case control study. SETTING: B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), Dharan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Fifty @entity6 @entity1 with recent cardiovascular events: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 was included in the study. There were 25 @entity1 of @entity583 and 25 @entity1 of @entity64 . Fifty @entity6 @entity1 without cardiovascular events were taken as control. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and total @entity165 at baseline, level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.017) among @entity1 with CVE. For @entity583 , level of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.018) while for @entity64 , level of HbA1c was not significant (p = 0.694). Mean blood @entity413 also predicted CVE and @entity583 but not @entity64 in this study (p values = 0.006, 0.006 and 0.670 respectively). Fasting and postprandial plasma @entity413 was statistically significant in CVE (p values = 0.024 and 0.019 respectively). Urine protein was statistically significant for CVE, @entity583 and @entity64 (p values = 0.000, 0.032, 0.032 and OR 4.571 (95% CI: 1.963-10.646), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815), 2.667 (95% CI: 1.043-6.815) respectively. LIMITATIONS: Sample size was limited due to time constraint and limited resources. Cases with @entity3657 were not included in the study. CONCLUSION: Glycosylated haemoglobin is associated with cardiovascular events and @entity583 but not @entity64 .

title: Association of cardiovascular events with glycosylated haemoglobin in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular disease', 'microvascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: Aim. There is a paucity of data on the efficacy of empiric @entity1534 treatment after multiple treatment failures. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of empiric salvage therapy as a second through sixth line treatment. Methods. In this single gastroenterology center prospective study in Montreal, Canada, @entity1 with failed @entity1534 treatment were offered empiric salvage therapy based on the patients' previous antibiotic exposure. Enrollment occurred after 1-5 previous failed attempts and eradication determined at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Results. 205 treatments were attempted in 175 @entity1 using 7 different regimens. Eradication was achieved in 154 attempts (PP = 81% (154/191), ITT = 75% (154/205)). @entity1535 quadruple therapy (BQT) had higher eradication success (PP = 91% (102/112), ITT = 84% (102/121)) when compared to all PPI triple therapies combined (PP = 66% (49/74), absolute risk reduction (ARR): 25% (95% CI: 13-37), ITT = 62% (49/79), ARR: 22% (95% CI: 10-35), and p < 0.001) and when compared to @entity5553 triple therapy (PP = 66% (40/61), ARR: 26% (95% CI: 13-39), ITT = 61% (40/66), and ARR: 24% (95% CI: 10-37)). Eradication was achieved in a high proportion with BQT on attempt two (PP = 94% (67/71), ITT = 91% (67/74)), three (PP = 85% (17/20), ITT = 71% (17/24)), four (PP = 100% (11/11), ITT = 92% (11/12)), and five (PP = 86% (6/7), ITT = 75% (6/8)). @entity1 with previous combined @entity1535 and @entity803 exposure had a lower proportion of eradication compared to @entity1 without such an exposure (PP: 60% (6/10) versus 95% (94/99), ARR: 35% (95% CI: 11-64), and p < 0.001; ITT: 55% (6/11) versus 90% (94/105), ARR: 35% (95% CI: 10-62), and p < 0.01). Conclusions. Salvage therapy with a @entity1535 quadruple regimen is superior to triple therapies and is effective for second through fifth line empirical treatment (>= 85% PP, >= 70% ITT). Successful eradication is significantly lower with BQT if a similar @entity1535 based regimen was used in the past.

title: Effectiveness of Second through Sixth Line Salvage XXXX Treatment: @entity1535 Quadruple Therapy is Almost Always a Reasonable Choice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5553 :: ('D064704', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity1535 :: ('MESH:D001729', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth', 'Bismuth']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the efficacy and safety of current treatments for @entity1643 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: PubMed was searched for clinical trials in which the words, acute, back, and @entity158 all appeared in the study summary. The search was from the earliest references included in this database (1949) until 1 May 2009. This resulted in retrieval of 129 papers. Review of study summaries indicated that 36 provided information about either a topical treatment or oral therapy for @entity1643 . In addition, studies included as part of the evidence base for the Evidence Review of American @entity158 Society/American Academy of @entity158 Medicine Evidence Review for Evaluation and Management of Low Back @entity158 were reviewed. RESULTS: Recommended topical and systemic pharmacologic treatments for @entity1643 include application of superficial heat, @entity1443 , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), skeletal muscle relaxants/ @entity1245 , and opioids including @entity1340 . Only a small number of studies compared different approaches to treatment of @entity615 and most failed to demonstrate significant differences among treatments. Available results support the view that both NSAIDs and low-level continuous heat treatment are more effective than @entity1443 and that heat treatment is also significantly more effective than @entity5018 . A potential limitation of this study is that information from trials published in journals not included in PubMed or reported only at meetings and not yet published was not included. CONCLUSIONS: A wide range of treatments is currently recommended for the management of @entity1 with @entity615 and all are supported by results from controlled clinical trials.

title: Acute XXXX : benefits and risks of current treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['acute low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['acute back pain']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We examined the association among cigarette smoking, smoking cessation and a broad range of @entity5 incidence and all cause and cause-specific mortality in a population-based cohort of adults of Chinese ethnicity in Singapore. METHODS: Subjects were 61,320 @entity1 of the Singapore Chinese Health Study (44.5% @entity1 , aged 45-74 years, recruitment from 1993-1998) who were free of @entity5 at the baseline examination. Main outcomes-of-interest included @entity5 incidence, all cause and cause-specific mortality as of December 31, 2005. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was positively associated with overall @entity5 incidence, including @entity5 at the following specific sites: head and neck region, upper @entity703 . Compared to never smokers, the relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of @entity5 incidence (all @entity5 sites) among current smokers smoking >22 cigarettes/day was 1.9 (1.7-2.1), p-trend<0.0001. Similarly, cigarette smoking was associated with all cause and cause-specific mortality, including deaths due to @entity5 , @entity741 , other @entity299 , and @entity1030 . Compared to never smokers, RR (95%CI) of all cause mortality among current smokers smoking >22 cigarettes/day was 1.8 (1.6-2.0), p-trend<0.0001. Also, relative to current smokers, ex-smokers experienced reduced @entity5 incidence and total mortality. The population attributable risk of smoking in @entity1 for @entity5 incidence as well as all-cause mortality was 23%, whereas in @entity1 it ranged from 4-5%. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for @entity5 incidence and major causes of mortality in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 of Singapore.

title: Morbidity and mortality in relation to smoking among XXXX and @entity1 of Chinese ethnicity: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary and pancreas cancer, lung, and bladder/renal pelvis cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A new standard in effectiveness research on @entity161 medications has been established by the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study. The study used an innovative approach to determining relative effectiveness of medications by using time until medication discontinuation or switch as the primary outcome criterion. The study is perhaps best known for the overall high proportion of subjects (74%) meeting @entity22234 ( @entity22234 ) criteria within the 18-month time frame of being assigned to their phase 1 antipsychotic. However, some of the drawbacks of the @entity22234 approach are not well understood, in part because of unfamiliarity with the way @entity22234 was assessed and problems with the use of hierarchical criteria to establish the primary reason for medication discontinuation. Using the time until @entity22234 as an endpoint cannot by itself capture the complexity of the trajectory of a @entity1 's response to a new medication. In particular, it is quite plausible that switching medications upon entering CATIE phase 1 would reduce some symptoms, which then would lead to a greater desire to make another medication switch. Using @entity22234 criteria, a comparison with CATIE subjects who coincidentally remained on treatment with their preswitch medication would make it seem that switching was detrimental when in fact it could have been helpful. Another major limitation of the @entity22234 was omitting the recording of the reason for stopping study medication whenever the @entity22234 was considered to be a " @entity1 -decision" discontinuation. This means that @entity1 -initiated discontinuations could never be classified as a tolerability discontinuation. Since the @entity22234 was done by the @entity1 ' clinicians, this approach may have underestimated the proportion of side effect discontinuations whenever the @entity1 disagreed with his or her clinician. Moreover, retaining the " @entity1 -decision" discontinuation subgroup in the attributable risk estimates of tolerability discontinuations further minimizes the attributable risk estimate of the role of side effects relative to other causes of discontinuation. For these assumptions to be valid would require the very optimistic assumption that CATIE clinicians never underestimated tolerability concerns in their @entity1 . Otherwise, this mutually exclusive approach will lead to significant underestimation of the proportion of CATIE discontinuations caused by tolerability problems. It can be argued that excluding the " @entity1 decision" subgroup from the attributable risk estimate of role of tolerability in medication discontinuation is a better approach to mitigate against these biases. A reanalysis using an adjusted N of 1061 evaluable subjects changes the attributable portion of tolerability discontinuations from 14.9% to 38.5%. Regarding specific side effect-medication pairs of interest, the attributable risk of @entity21 as a reason for discontinuing @entity21886 increases from 8% to 21%, and weight-related discontinuations from @entity1037 from 9% to 28%. Therefore, the clinical implications of the CATIE phase 1 findings may depend, in part, on the underlying assumptions of the @entity22234 outcome measure.

title: Discontinuing and switching antipsychotic medications: understanding the CATIE XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21886 :: ('MESH:D010546', 'Chemical') :: ['perphenazine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity22234 :: ('MESH:C536496', 'Disease') :: ['all-cause discontinuation', 'ACD']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The analytical performance of the @entity413 analyser @entity28399 6660 from Eppendorf was studied according to the ECCLS guidelines and partly according the SFBC protocol in a multicentre evaluation involving laboratories from three European countries. The @entity413 determination in serum and in haemolysate was studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The precision was as good as or better than the precision of the comparison instruments. The coefficients of variation were between 1.1 and 3.4% for the between-days imprecision and between 0.35 and 1.45% for the within-run imprecision experiment. 2. The recovery of control sera values compared with the hexokinase method was between 94.3 and 102.6%. 3. With @entity1 specimens as good agreement was found between the results obtained with the @entity28399 6660 and the different comparison instruments (ASTRA, Hitachi 737 and ACP 5040). 4. A drift effect of 1.1-2.3% occurred in 5 of 21 experiments, depending on the individual enzyme membrane. 5. Sample carry-over was not observed. 6. A linearity between 0.5 and 50 mmol/l was found, exceeding the manufacturer's claims. 7. Several different endogenous and exogenous interferences were investigated. No interfering effect was detected for endogenous substances. A positive interference was observed by @entity620 at a concentration above 350 mg/l. 8. The practicability of the instrument was judged as very good. It was considered as a disadvantage that the instrument is not capable of piercing sample lids. Also the numeration of samples is not very convenient.

title: European Multicentre Evaluation of the XXXX 6660.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

answer: @entity28399 :: (2096,Gene) :: ['ESAT']