abstract: Cigarette smoke (CS) protects against @entity32 during @entity31 . Immunoregulatory mechanisms sustaining this effect remain unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of CS on experimental @entity1960 and to characterize the intestinal inflammatory response at the cellular and molecular levels. Using the InExpose   System, a smoking device accurately reproducing @entity1 smoking habit, we pre-exposed C57BL/6 @entity19 for 2 weeks to CS, and then we induced @entity1960 by administration of dextran @entity2397 (DSS). This system allowed us to demonstrate that CS exposure improved @entity32 (significant decrease in clinical score, body @entity353 and weight/length colonic ratio). This improvement was associated with a significant decrease in colonic proinflammatory @entity630 /Th17 cytokine expression, as compared to unexposed @entity19 (TNF (p=0.0169), IFNy (p<0.0001), and @entity636 (p=0.0008)). Smoke exposure also induced an increased expression of @entity1618 mRNA (p=0.0035) and a marked @entity14434 (invariant Natural Killer T; CD45+ @entity12813 + @entity776 tetramer+) cells in the colon of DSS-untreated @entity19 . Demonstration of the role of iNKT cells in CS-dependent @entity1960 improvement was performed using two different strains of NKT cells deficient @entity19 . Indeed, in Ja18KO and CD1dKO animals, CS exposure failed to induce significant regulation of DSS-induced @entity1960 both at the clinical and molecular levels. Thus, our study demonstrates that iNKT cells are pivotal actors in the CS-dependent protection of the colon. These results highlight the role of intestinal iNKT lymphocytes and their responsiveness to environmental stimuli. Targeting iNKT cells would represent a new therapeutic way for @entity29 .

title: XXXX in @entity19 is improved by cigarette smoke through iNKT cells recruitment.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['colonic inflammation', 'intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2397 :: ('MESH:C012036', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['recruitment of iNKT']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Colonic inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Target anticoagulation levels for @entity1229 in Japanese @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ) are unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Of 7,527 @entity1 with @entity955 , 1,002 did not receive @entity1229 (non- @entity1229 group), and the remaining @entity1 receiving @entity1229 were divided into 5 groups based on their baseline international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time ( <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0). @entity1 were followed-up prospectively for 2 years. Primary endpoints were @entity1031 ( @entity385 , transient @entity63 ), and major @entity548 requiring hospital admission. During the follow-up period, @entity1031 occurred in 3.0% of non- @entity1229 group, but at lower frequencies in the @entity1229 groups (2.0, 1.3, 1.5, 0.6, and 1.8%/2 years for INR values of  <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0, respectively; P=0.0059). Major @entity548 occurred more frequently in @entity1229 groups (1.5, 1.8, 2.4, 3.3, and 4.1% for INR values  <=1.59, 1.6-1.99, 2.0-2.59, 2.6-2.99, and >= 3.0, respectively; P=0.0041) than in non- @entity1229 group (0.8%/2 years). These trends were maintained when the analyses were confined to @entity1 aged >= 70 years. CONCLUSIONS: An INR of 1.6-2.6 is safe and effective at preventing @entity1031 in @entity1 with @entity955 , particularly @entity1 aged >= 70 years. An INR of 2.6-2.99 is also effective, but associated with a slightly increased risk in major @entity548 . (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000001569)

title: Target international normalized ratio values for preventing XXXX and hemorrhagic events in Japanese @entity1 with @entity955 : results of the J-RHYTHM Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic attack, and systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['non-valvular atrial fibrillation', 'NVAF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolic']


abstract: @entity11834 , @entity8580 , and @entity5121 were measured in @entity35 kidney homogenates and tubules from inner medulla and papilla by enzymatic spectrophotometric techniques. Organic osmolytes exhibited their highest concentrations in the papillary tip. In contrast to @entity11834 and @entity5121 , @entity8580 was of similar high concentrations in inner and outer medulla. Freshly prepared inner medullary tubules maintained tissue osmolyte concentrations under control, antidiuretic, and @entity1483 diuretic conditions. When tubules were incubated in vitro over 90 min, tubular organic osmolyte concentrations decreased as a function of extracellular @entity1219 , but not @entity1133 concentrations. Organic osmolyte disappearance from cells was quantitatively recovered from the medium. In contrast, medium @entity880 dehydrogenase activity did not rise in parallel and tubular @entity855 remained constant. @entity413 up to a concentration of 200 mM increased tubule and medium @entity5121 . The results obtained indicate that @entity11834 , @entity5121 , and @entity8580 rapidly adapt their intracellular concentrations to extracellular @entity1219 osmolality by a change in tubular plasma membrane permeability. In addition @entity5121 levels are regulated by the extracellular @entity413 concentration.

title: Regulation of organic osmolyte concentrations in tubules from XXXX renal inner medulla.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity11834 :: ('MESH:D005997', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerophosphorylcholine', 'Glycerophosphorylcholine']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To assess early outcome of predilatation prior stenting of severe @entity543 and to evaluate early major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE). @entity1 AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 265 consecutive @entity1 (200 males, 65 female, mean age 66.7    8.6 years) in whom 275 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures of carotid arteries were performed. Staged carotid stenting was performed in @entity1 with bilateral @entity543 . Neuroprotection with a distal protection device was used in all cases. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: direct carotid stent implantation without previous pre-dilation was performed in 233 @entity1 (direct stenting group) and predilatation was performed in 42 @entity1 (predilatation group). Early events were recorded and analyzed subsequently. RESULTS: We treated 275 carotid stenoses and the stent was implanted in all @entity1 . Ten @entity1 (3.7%) were treated by staged @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) due to bilateral @entity2998 . The technical success rate was 97.1%. During 1-month follow-up, the prevalence of primary endpoint was 2.18%. The prevalence of MACCE at 30 days was higher in the predilatation group (2.4% vs. 2.1%; p = 0.924). Also periprocedural rate of @entity551 was higher in predilatation group (7.1% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon predilatation prior to stenting can be performed to treat severe @entity543 with acceptable periprocedural complication rate.

title: Safety of balloon pre-dilatation in the treatment of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease', 'carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: Our aim was to determine the prevalence of two Norwegian @entity5345 founder mutations in @entity43 @entity1 , to identify carriers and their families for medical follow-up, and to study histopathological factors. Of a cohort of 727 @entity43 @entity1 , 615 gave informed consent to testing. 2.9% (18/615) of the tested @entity1 were found to be carriers of @entity5345 @entity37337 (n = 13) or @entity37338 (n = 5). The total frequency of the mutations was 4.7% (8/171) in @entity1 below 50 years of age, and zero (0/144) in @entity1 above 70 years of age. In @entity1 below 70 years of age, the frequency of @entity37337 and @entity37338 mutations was 2.8% and 1.0%, respectively. Out of 13 @entity1 with @entity37337 mutation, 4 had @entity0 . 14/16 (87.5%) families fulfilled clinical criteria for @entity5344 . Median age of @entity5344 was 51 years and 37 years, respectively. Mutation carriers tended to have @entity5 with unfavourable prognostic factors. This is, to our knowledge, the highest reported frequency of founder mutations in a national @entity43 cohort (less than in the Ashkenazis). It seems justified to offer such testing to @entity43 @entity1 below 70 years of age in Norway, identify their risk of @entity0 and offer medical follow-up to the families.

title: Three per cent of XXXX are caused by @entity5345 @entity37337 or @entity37338 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast-ovarian cancer', 'onset of ovarian and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Norwegian ovarian cancers']


abstract: The literature on second-line chemotherapy for @entity151 between 1989-1999 is reviewed. The reports consisted mainly of phase II studies and included a total of 1749 @entity1 . The information was frequently incomplete with respect to duration of response on first-line chemotherapy and the length of treatment free interval. The overall second-line response rate was 20%. Obviously, new chemotherapy regimens are needed for relapsed @entity151 . We propose a methodology for future trials based on the distinction between sensitive and refractory @entity1 . The latter group of @entity1 who progress on or within a short time of induction of treatment are candidates for single arm phase II trials with agents with unknown or new mechanisms of action or new combination regimens. The sole endpoint of this type of phase II studies is response rate. For sensitive @entity1 we propose re-induction chemotherapy as the standard against which investigational agents or combination regimens should be tested. Major end-points include response rate, @entity137 and quality of life. Regimens with demonstrated therapeutic activity in this setting could be tested as first-line chemotherapy in phase II trials.

title: Second-line chemotherapy and its evaluation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To study the morphology and function of the liver in @entity234 ( @entity234 ). METHODS: Percutaneous liver biopsy specimens from 18 @entity1 with confirmed @entity234 were examined under light and electron microscopy before and after treatment with pentovalent antimony. The tissue was also examined for hepatitis B surface and core antigens using immunoperoxidase staining. Liver function was investigated in nine @entity1 before and after treatment. RESULTS: Specimens before treatment showed Kupffer cells and macrophages colonised by leishmania parasites in 40% of cases. A chronic mononuclear cell infiltrate had affected the portal tracts and lobules. @entity528 , @entity82 of the terminal hepatic venules, and pericellular @entity82 were common findings. The @entity82 was related to Ito cells transforming to fibroblast-like cells. None of the @entity1 had @entity1956 . All @entity1 had biochemical evidence of @entity409 before treatment. Liver function improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity234 causes morphological and functional disturbance in the liver. Focal @entity82 rather than @entity82 occurs. The exact aetiology of @entity99 is unclear but may have an immunological basis.

title: Liver morphology and function in @entity234 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B infection']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['visceral leishmaniasis', 'Visceral leishmaniasis', 'Kala-azar']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['Ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes']

answer: @entity234 :: (MESH:D007898,Disease) :: ['Kala-azar']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal @entity49751 is an unusual presentation of @entity13911 , with a limited number of cases reported in the literature. Owing to its extreme rarity, the diagnosis and treatment of spinal @entity49751 and the relevant prognosis have not been outlined. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 65-year-old @entity1 with a history of neck, shoulder, and back @entity158 presented with progressive sensorimotor disturbance of the extremities. Serologic tests revealed the presence of syphilis. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an intramedullary nodule at the C5 level. A suspected diagnosis of @entity5 was made, and surgical resection of the nodule was performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical findings revealed a @entity49751 . We also conducted a comprehensive review of the published literature in all languages regarding spinal @entity49751 . The clinical and radiologic features, laboratory findings, therapeutic strategies, and follow-up data were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Spinal @entity49751 can occur in the intramedullary region, and clinicians should be aware of this extremely rare entity, as it can be easily mistaken for more common @entity5 occurring at this site. The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of this entity has some suggestive characteristics, and a confident diagnosis depends on the pathology. Surgical resection can help to relieve acute @entity1745 , and systemic antibiotic treatment for syphilis should be emphasized for long-term control.

title: Spinal Intramedullary Syphilitic Gumma: An Unusual Presentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13911 :: ('MESH:D009494', 'Disease') :: ['neurosyphilis']

entities_list: @entity49751 :: ('MESH:C536775', 'Disease') :: ['syphilitic gumma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'spinal intramedullary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity13911 :: (MESH:D009494,Disease) :: ['Neurosyphilis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) often suffer from systemic co-morbidities, including @entity417 . However, @entity417 is related to multiple outcomes in @entity1030 and in other @entity102 , but it's impact is underestimated in @entity1030 . The objective of the present study was to relate @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity1030 with disease-related outcomes, systemic @entity32 and @entity1030 related co-morbidities. METHODS: Data of 321 @entity1 with @entity1030 admitted for pulmonary rehabilitation were analysed. Besides general characteristics, lung function, body composition, arterial gases and plasma haemoglobin concentration, disease-related outcomes (health-related quality of life by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, 6-minute walking distance, mMRC @entity1353 scale, and BODE index), systemic @entity32 ( @entity1851 and self-reported and objectified co-morbidities (low muscle mass, @entity170 , @entity177 , risk for undernutrition) were taken into account. RESULTS: First, 20% of the @entity1 were anemic, and 8% was polycythemic. Polycythemic @entity1 had a lower proportion of @entity1 and a lower proportion of low muscle mass compared to the other groups. Anemic @entity1 had higher plasma @entity1851 levels and lower total body bone mineral density compared to the other groups. There was no difference in disease-related outcomes or other co-morbidities in the @entity1 with and without @entity417 . Even after adjustment for confounders, @entity417 was an independent determinant for higher @entity1851 levels and lower bone mineral density. CONCLUSION: @entity417 is frequently present in @entity1 with @entity1030 and there is evidence that it is associated with lower whole body bone mineral density.

title: @entity417 is associated with bone mineral density in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP))', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a multifactorial disease composed of cells that show somatic mutations and epigenetic changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of proteins involved in the development and maintenance of epithelia, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis in @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) tissue samples. METHODS: A tissue microarray containing 65 primary @entity1 @entity957 specimens was immunolabeled for @entity588 , survivin, @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity3544 , @entity876 , @entity4206 , and cleaved caspase-3. RESULTS: Samples were scored for percentage of positively stained @entity5 cells and staining intensity. A total immunostaining score was also calculated, using the product of percentage and intensity scores. All specimens showed high scores, > 75%, for @entity4206 and survivin, and 75.4% of the specimens also presented high @entity470 expression. All cases showed @entity876 -positive cells. @entity3544 showed a diffuse staining pattern. The percentage of cells positive for cleaved caspase-3 and @entity588 was low. CONCLUSIONS: The high frequency of @entity5 cells expressing @entity4206 and survivin highlights the role of these proteins in the @entity5 . Collectively, our results suggest that @entity4206 and survivin may constitute attractive targets for @entity5 therapy in @entity1 with @entity957 .

title: Immunoprofiling of @entity957 reveals high XXXX and survivin expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation of oral epithelium', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity4206 :: (8626,Gene) :: ['p63']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although research has identified some risk factors for first-time @entity137 ( @entity137 ), little is known about the risks associated with the number of @entity137 . Modeling ADR counts is relatively complex because of the rarity of the events, requiring careful consideration of appropriate models that best present the observed data. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity137 among elderly hospitalized @entity1 , assess @entity1 -related risk factors for the number of @entity137 , and review drug classes commonly responsible for @entity137 . METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used a population-based large administrative database on hospital separations from all acute care hospitals in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. @entity1 aged 65 years or older with at least 1 hospital admission from April 1, 1995, to March 31, 2007, were included. Comorbidities, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and sociodemographic factors were assessed as predictors of ADR counts. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used for analysis. RESULTS: The study cohort contained 64,446 @entity1 . The incidence of @entity137 was 15.2 per 1000 @entity1 -years (95% CI 14.8 to 15.7). Of those having an ADR, 15.4% had recurrent @entity137 . The most common drug category implicated in @entity137 was cardiovascular agents (17.7%). A dose-response relationship was found between CCI and ADR counts (rate ratio [RR] 1.67, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.98 for CCI 2-3; RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.98 to 2.87 for CCI 4-5; and RR 3.83, 95% CI 3.21-4.57 for CCI >= 6). Comorbid conditions including congestive @entity712 (RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.33 to 1.89), @entity6 (RR 2.42, 95% CI 1.64 to 3.56), and @entity5 (RR 3.12, 95% CI 2.58 to 3.76) were strong predictors. Rural areas (RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.46) were associated with increased risk for @entity137 , whereas age and sex had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbidity from @entity102 and severity of illness, rather than individual characteristics (advancing age and sex), increased the likelihood of @entity137 . Changes in the delivery of care focusing on the monitoring of prescribed drugs in elderly @entity1 with comorbidities could mitigate @entity137 .

title: Adverse drug reactions in elderly hospitalized XXXX : a 12-year population-based retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['adverse drug reactions', 'ADRs']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that @entity4688 and @entity1855 seem to attenuate the @entity205 nephrotoxicity. However, the mechanisms have not been completely understood, especially on molecular events. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of individual or combined treatment on osteopontin, @entity1810 , @entity1827 mRNA expressions. @entity4688 (50 mg/L in drinking water) and @entity1855 (0.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), alone or in combination, were administered to @entity35 with chronic @entity205 nephrotoxicity ( @entity205 , 25 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) (n = 5 each). Five @entity35 treated with olive oil vehicle were used as control. After 4 weeks, biochemical parameters were measured, and renal cortical mRNA levels were evaluated by Northern blot analysis. @entity205 reduced renal @entity1011 clearance significantly and induced renal cortical osteopontin, @entity1810 , @entity1827 gene expressions around 13.5 +/- 1.3, 2.4 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.1, 1.9 +/- 0.1 folds, respectively. Individual treatment with @entity4688 or @entity1855 significantly suppressed the osteopontin and @entity1810 mRNA expression, but not @entity1827 . Combined treatment also inhibited the osteopontin and @entity1810 mRNA expression but there was no difference between combined and individual treatment. In conclusion, @entity4688 or @entity1855 significantly blunted the @entity205 -induced osteopontin and @entity1810 gene expressions. However, combined treatment did not show any additive effect.

title: Individual or combined effects of @entity4688 and XXXX on chronic @entity205 nephrotoxicity in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril', 'enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1827 :: ('24323(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['endothelin-1 and procollagen alpha 1(I)']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures of the femur above a @entity348 ( @entity348 ) are becoming increasingly common in the osteoporotic, aging populations of developed countries. Treatment of these @entity174 is complicated by the presence of a knee prosthesis, frequently limiting the bone available for distal @entity174 fixation. The recent application of minimally invasive surgical techniques and locked plate technology to this problem offers the promise of stable, fixed-angle fixation of small distal @entity174 fragments with limited surgical exposure. The purpose of this study is to report the clinical and radiographic outcomes of @entity174 fixation using this technique in @entity1 with @entity3564 above @entity348 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 presenting with @entity3564 above a @entity348 were treated with osteosynthesis. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up resulting in 52 @entity1 with complete data. Thirty-four @entity1 were treated with plate fixation and 18 @entity1 underwent @entity5806 ( @entity5806 ). Using a comprehensive electronic medical record, we recorded data regarding @entity1 -related demographics, nature of the @entity174 , the operative treatment, and clinical and radiographic outcomes for all @entity1 treated with osteosynthesis. RESULTS: Successful @entity174 healing occurred in 75% of @entity1 (39 of 52). Mean operating time was 91.6    6.8 minutes in the @entity5806 group and 87.4    6.4 minutes in the locked plating (LP) group (P = 0.46). Mean intraoperative @entity190 was 182    31.6 mL in the @entity5806 group and 177.5    23.4 mL in the LP group (P = 0.91). The mean time to bone union was 3.7    0.30 months in the @entity5806 group and 4.0    0.27 months in the LP group (P = 0.95). The most common cause of treatment failure was @entity1 @entity204 within 6 months (9 @entity1 [17%]); three of 18 were treated with a nail and 6 of 34 with a plate (P = 1.0). In the LP group, three (9%) sustained @entity174 nonunions, three (9%) sustained @entity174 malunions, and two (6%) sustained surgical site infections. In the @entity5806 group, one (6%) failed to unite as a result of @entity281 and two (11%) developed @entity174 malunions. There were no significant differences between @entity1 treated with LP and those treated with @entity5806 . CONCLUSIONS: Despite significant advances in surgical technique and implant design, the treatment of @entity3564 above a @entity348 remains a challenge. LP using an indirect reduction technique is applicable to most @entity1 and prosthetic designs and can provide similar favorable results as compared with treatment with a @entity5806 in periprosthetic @entity3330 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Locked plating of @entity3564 above XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['RIMN', 'retrograde intramedullary nail fixation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total knee arthroplasty', 'TKA']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic femur fractures']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total knee arthroplasty']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are rapidly proliferating @entity5 , which are characterized by the presence of extensive @entity519 components, especially in @entity1 with advanced loco-regional disease. Previous studies suggest a deleterious impact of acute (perfusion-limited) @entity519 on the outcome of radiotherapy for these @entity5 . AIM: This pilot study was aimed at determining the feasibility and @entity5 response rates that can be achieved with an ARCON regime in @entity1 with locally advanced, staged IIIA or B, @entity1149 . METHODS: The phase I/II study included three steps: @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) combined with @entity15436 (ten analysable @entity1 ), @entity11139 together with the daily administration of @entity4571 (n = 11 ) and @entity11139 with both @entity505 and @entity4571 (n = 14). Radiotherapy was based on a large daily dose per fraction (2.75 Gy up to 55 Gy in 4 weeks). @entity4571 was administered at a dose of 6 g per @entity1 per treatment day and @entity15436 was inhaled for 5 min before and during radiotherapy. RESULTS: The incidence of grade 3 + acute @entity137 during the irradiation did not exceed 10%, neither in the lung parenchyma nor in the mediastinum. No significant difference was found in loco-regional, radio-induced @entity137 among the three study steps. Although a similar fraction of @entity1 showed grade 2 or 3 emesis in all the steps, of the 25 @entity1 entered in the two @entity4571 containing steps 10 (40%) developed grade 2 or greater reactions which significantly detracted from their quality of life. There was no significant difference in @entity5 clearance rate among the three steps. The percentage of objective responses at 2 months was 60, 54 and 57% in steps 1, 2 and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of this ARCON protocol, using 2.75 Gy doses per fraction over 4 weeks, is good as regards radiotherapy-related side effects but it appears necessary in future to reduce the dose of @entity4571 to reduce the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 . There was no significant difference in time to progression among the three study steps.

title: ARCON: accelerated radiotherapy with @entity15436 and XXXX in @entity1149 : a phase I/II study by the EORTC.

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated fractionation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLC tumours']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide', 'Nicotinamide']

answer: @entity4571 :: (MESH:D009536,Chemical) :: ['nicotinamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is the key event of @entity453 . Mechanical forces, in particular, pulsatile stretch and platelet-derived growth factor, may play an important role. METHODS AND RESULTS: Vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured from the media of @entity1 left descending coronary arteries obtained from organ donors using the explant method. To study effects of pulsatile stretch on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, a computer-controlled in vitro pulsatile stretch device was used. Cells were seeded onto Flex I culture plates with deformable membranes and exposed to pulsatile stretch (60 cycles per minute) and/or growth factors. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells was determined by @entity665 incorporation. Pulsatile stretch markedly stimulated @entity665 incorporation of coronary smooth muscle cells (180 +/- 15 to 432 +/- 27 cpm/10(5) cells; P < .05) after 24 hours and increased cell number after 6 days (10.3 +/- 0.7 x 10(4)/mL; P < .05). Platelet-derived growth factor-AB (0.01 to 10 ng/mL) concentration-dependently stimulated @entity665 incorporation in coronary smooth muscle cells (EC50, 0.1 ng/mL) and had additive effects with pulsatile stretch. The @entity141 antagonist @entity1855 (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) concentration-dependently inhibited proliferation stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor back to control levels (P < .05 to .01) but not that induced by pulsatile stretch. CONCLUSIONS: Pulsatile stretch and platelet-derived growth factor are potent stimuli for proliferation of coronary smooth muscle cells. The selective inhibitory effect of a @entity141 antagonist on smooth muscle cell proliferation stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor but not by pulsatile stretch may explain why the drugs have only modest antiatherogenic effects in @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: Calcium antagonists differently inhibit proliferation of XXXX coronary smooth muscle cells in response to pulsatile stretch and platelet-derived growth factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: This study assesses the value of intraplacental vascularization indices, determined by three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, in the evaluation of placental circulation. A prospective study has been conducted on two groups of pregnant @entity1 . Group I included pregnant @entity1 with a normal evolution of the pregnancy, whereas group II consisted of pregnant @entity1 with @entity1468 . The subjects were assessed by ultrasound between the 28th and 38th week of @entity2588 . Intraplacental vascularization was studied by 3D and Doppler ultrasound. Intraplacental vascularization indices were calculated using the VOCAL program, whereas statistical processing was completed using descriptive and comparative statistical methods. RESULTS: The values of the three intraplacental vascularization indices were lower in the group of pregnancies with @entity1468 compared with the group with normal pregnancies. In normal pregnancies, the evolution of umbilical resistivity index (RI) values was statistically proven to be significantly correlated with the values of intraplacental vascularization indices. In the case of pathological pregnancies, RI values could be maintained within normal limits, whereas vascularization, flow, and vascularization-flow index values decreased significantly compared with the group of normal pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of intraplacental vascularization indices can play an important role in the monitoring of placental circulation in pregnancies with a normal evolution and those with @entity1468 .

title: Contribution of 3D power Doppler ultrasound to the evaluation of placental circulation in normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: A syndrome of severe @entity417 (Hb < or = 5 g/dl), particularly @entity417 ( @entity417 ), remains a major cause of childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We hypothesized that the @entity8193 which identifies those at the greatest risk of @entity204 often represents an @entity26 debt incurred as a result of inadequate tissue perfusion. To examine this hypothesis, we measured @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) using a portable metabolic monitor. Blood @entity880 and acid-base status were also determined. Pre-transfusion data on 44 @entity1 (28 with mild symptoms, 7 with @entity649 and 9 controls) demonstrated very close dependence of @entity4962 on body surface area (BSA, R2 = 0.86, p < 0.001). After correcting for BSA, no significant differences were observed in mean @entity4962 values of the three clinical groups, indicating that a critical reduction in @entity26 delivery is not the sole explanation for the development of a @entity8193 and severe symptoms. Nine @entity1 (including five of the original 44) were monitored during transfusion. In four of the five with @entity417 , severe symptoms and severe @entity8193 , transfusion produced a marked, transient increase in @entity4962 (maximum 30-41%), with a marked fall in blood lactate and clinical improvement. These data suggest that some @entity1 with @entity417 and @entity649 accumulate an @entity26 debt when a relatively high @entity26 demand outstrips supply, this debt being repaid when supply is increased during transfusion. However, in the remaining one of these five @entity1 , an increase in @entity4962 (maximum 20%), was accompanied by a rise in blood lactate and clinical deterioration, suggesting that more pathophysiologically complex mechanisms, which may predominate in some @entity1 .

title: @entity8193 and @entity26 debt in African @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['severe malarial anaemia', 'anaemia', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) is overexpressed in @entity5 , contributing to disease progression. We previously showed that @entity2232 stimulated proliferative, migratory, and contractile tumorigenic effects via the @entity2231 receptor. Here, for the first time, we evaluate @entity46865 , a specific @entity2231 receptor antagonist, in the setting of @entity14 , in cellular models. Pharmacologic characteristics were further determined in @entity1 tissues. @entity14 lines (n = 4) and fibroblast strains (n = 6), isolated from uninvolved areas of @entity14 specimens, were exposed to @entity2232 and/or @entity2231 /(B) receptor antagonists. Proliferation ( @entity6693 ), migration (scratch wounds), and contraction (gel lattices) were assessed. Receptor distribution and binding characteristics (K(d), B(max)) were determined using autoradiography on tissue sections and homogenates and cytospun cells, supported by immunohistochemistry. Proliferation was inhibited by @entity2231 ( @entity46865 > @entity11344 ; P < 0.05), migration by @entity1627 > @entity2231 , and contraction by combined @entity2231 and @entity1627 antagonism. Intense @entity2232 stromal binding correlated with fibroblasts and endothelial cells. @entity14 lines and fibroblasts revealed high density and affinity @entity2232 binding (B(max) = 2.435 fmol/1   10(6) cells, K(d) = 367.7 pmol/L; B(max) = 3.03 fmol/1   10(6) cells, K(d) = 213.6 pmol/L). In @entity5 tissues, @entity2231 receptor antagonists ( @entity46865 ; @entity11344 ) reduced @entity2232 binding more effectively (IC(50): 0.1-10  mol/L) than @entity1627 receptor antagonist @entity11345 (   IC(50), 1 mmol/L). @entity2232 stimulated @entity5 -contributory processes. Its localization to @entity5 stroma, with greatest binding/affinity to fibroblasts, implicates these cells in @entity5 progression. @entity2231 receptor upregulation in @entity5 tissues and its role in tumorigenic processes show the receptor's importance in therapeutic targeting. @entity46865 , the most specific @entity2231 receptor antagonist available, showed the greatest inhibition of @entity2232 binding. With its known safety profile, we provide evidence for @entity46865 's potential role as adjuvant therapy in @entity14 .

title: Efficacy of the specific endothelin a receptor antagonist XXXX ( @entity46865 ) in @entity14 : a preclinical study.

entities_list: @entity46865 :: ('MESH:C511404', 'Chemical') :: ['Zibotentan', 'zibotentan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity46865 :: (MESH:C511404,Chemical) :: ['zibotentan']


abstract: Acute administration of @entity53 (E2beta) leads to increases in cardiac output, @entity26 delivery, and @entity26 consumption and increases the @entity998 in the nonpregnant @entity742 . We sought to determine whether the lack of a @entity998 or flow-dependent @entity26 consumption during states of low cardiac output in late gestation can be reproduced in nonpregnant @entity742 treated with @entity172 . We studied five nonpregnant oophorectomized @entity742 in a randomized crossover design by placing catheters in the pulmonary artery, the right atrium, and the descending aorta. Three experiments were randomly performed on each @entity742 3 to 5 days apart: 1) without @entity172 or vehicle, 2) 2-3 h after intravenous administration of vehicle, and 3) 2-3 h after intravenous E2beta (3 microg/kg). Cardiac output was gradually reduced while hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, acid-base, and metabolic variables were simultaneously evaluated. There was a 70% increase in cardiac output in animals given E2beta compared with that in the same animals given either vehicle or nothing (194.0 +/- 13.0, 120.0 +/- 14.5, and 114.0 +/- 16.2 ml . min-1 . kg-1, respectively; P < 0.05). @entity26 consumption was twofold higher in the E2beta series compared with that in the no-treatment and vehicle series (10.01 +/- 1.3, 6.04 +/- 0.77, and 4.52 +/- 0.42 ml O2 . min-1 . kg-1, respectively; P < 0. 05). Tissue @entity26 extraction was unaltered by @entity172 . However, tissue @entity26 extraction at the @entity998 was lower in the @entity53 group. In relation to @entity26 consumption, all three groups demonstrated a @entity998 when cardiac output was gradually reduced. However, the level of @entity998 was significantly higher in the E2beta group (68.4 +/- 2.4, 42.8 +/- 2.6, and 46.2 +/- 2.6 ml . min-1 . kg-1, respectively; P < 0.05). We conclude that E2beta exhibits increases in systemic tissue blood flow and @entity26 consumption. Animals given E2beta show @entity5691 and impairment of tissue @entity26 extraction at @entity998 , which leads to development of flow-dependent @entity26 consumption at higher cardiac outputs than in the control animals.

title: @entity53 effect on @entity998 with reduction of cardiac output in oophorectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increases in critical cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['critical cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', '17beta-estradiol']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: A 42-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital due to severe @entity615 . A computed tomographic scan revealed @entity1580 from the ascending aorta to the left common iliac artery. His blood pressure was well controlled untill he went into shock 21 hours after the onset. He was given a diagnosis of @entity1755 to the left @entity1143 by echocardiography and chest X-ray. He underwent emergent left thoracotomy under femoro-femoral bypass. We found a rupture of the descending aorta 3 cm above the diaphragma and replaced the @entity1347 with a woven Dacron graft. On postoperative day 9, we performed total arch replacement utilizing deep @entity2332 and selective cerebral perfusion. We located the entrance tear in the aortic arch. His postoperative course was uneventful and he showed no @entity51 . He was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 36.

title: [Total arch replacement following partial replacement of the descending aorta for acute XXXX : report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured segment']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: Systematic reviews have shown that as non-operative treatments exercise, behavioural and multimodal treatment programs are effective for @entity1643 . There is, however, a lack of knowledge concerning the association between changes in treatment process variables and changes in outcome for the three treatment forms. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate which changes in treatment process variables predict outcome of exercise, behavioural and multimodal treatment of @entity1643 . Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were systematically searched. A descriptive analysis was used to summarize the results regarding the outcomes @entity158 , disability and return to work (RTW). 13 studies were identified. The results showed that functional coping mechanisms and @entity158 reduction were associated with a decrease in disability and increase in RTW, and physical performance factors were not. Related to @entity158 , functional coping mechanisms as well as physical performance factors were associated. Strong conclusions cannot be drawn from this review, because of the heterogeneity and the limited number of studies. The results of this review raise the question if changes in behavioural variables and @entity717 which facilitate an improvement in function, may be more important than physical performance factors for successful treatment of @entity1643 . This is relevant for the refinement of future treatment programs.

title: What predicts outcome in non-operative treatments of XXXX ? A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['reductions of disability']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain reduction decreases in disability']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge, the natural history of myelosuppression and @entity166 complications associated with the use of standard @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ) plus @entity5699 ("7 + 3") remission-induction therapy for adult @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and high dose @entity2592 (HDARA-C) consolidation has not been described completely. METHODS: A retrospective study of untreated @entity3052 @entity1 receiving standard 7 + 3 induction followed by "5 + 2" and HDARA-C consolidation was undertaken to describe the relationship of the myelosuppression profiles, blood product use, and @entity166 morbidity, and to correlate this finding with the outcome of antileukemic therapy. Multivariate techniques were used to evaluate variables of prognostic importance. RESULTS: Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved remission after a median of 35 days; almost half (48%) of these @entity1 required more than one 7 + 3 induction course. For one, two, and three induction courses, the mean number of days the @entity1 experienced severe @entity1398 (< 0.5 x 10(9)/l) were 22.5 +/- 10.9, 39.3 +/- 14.3, and 47.4 +/- 9.7 days (P < 0.001), respectively, and the @entity281 rates were 1.45, 2.45, and 3 infections per course (P < 0.0001), respectively. The pattern of blood product use was similar. HDARA-C consolidation was the most significant factor related to @entity1162 free survival, however the myelosuppression profiles and @entity281 rates were surprisingly similar to those for the single 7 + 3 induction courses. CONCLUSIONS: The 7 + 3 induction regimen used in this center provided only limited antileukemic activity, while requiring multiple induction courses in a high proportion of @entity1 . The use of multiple induction courses had consequences of prolonged myelosuppression, increased blood product use, and @entity166 . HDARA-C consolidation for those who experienced complete remission appeared to improve disease free survival with myelosuppression comparable with that of @entity1 who received primary induction therapy. The @entity281 risk was acceptable, with only a marginal increase in @entity364 .

title: @entity3052 in Manitoba. The consequences of standard "7 + 3" remission-induction therapy followed by high dose XXXX postremission consolidation for myelosuppression, @entity166 morbidity, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5699 :: ('MESH:D003630', 'Chemical') :: ['daunorubicin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'adult AML', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine', 'ARA-C']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic and fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['incremental risks of infectious complications', 'infectious']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: @entity816 is an infrequently encountered, generally low-grade @entity5 . No study has extensively looked at both @entity4910 and @entity1758 labeling indices in @entity816 and their relation to clinical outcome. This study retrospectively examines the clinicopathologic features of 48 @entity1 with @entity816 including @entity1758 (cell proliferation marker) and @entity4910 (protein that regulates progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle) immunohistochemistry. Of 48 @entity1 (27 females and 21 males; mean age, 12.7 years; age range, 2 to 57 years), 26 initially underwent gross total resection; 17, subtotal resection; four, biopsy alone; in one @entity1 , the extent of @entity5 resection was unknown. Histological features observed included Rosenthal fibers (83.3%), granular bodies (75%), @entity455 (56.2%), vascular proliferation (56.2%), prominent nuclear pleomorphism (14.6%), @entity39 (10.4%), and identifiable mitotic figures (2.1%). @entity1758 labeling indices (n=45) (positive staining @entity5 nuclei per 1,000 nuclei evaluated) ranged from 0 to 3.5% (mean, 0.6%); seven @entity5 had a labeling index greater than 1.0%. @entity4910 labeling indices (n=45) ranged from 0 to 0.8% (mean, 0.1%). Most @entity5 (N=29, 66.7%) had no immunostaining. At last known follow-up, 27 @entity1 were alive with no evidence of disease (mean, 49.2 months), 17 @entity1 were alive with evidence of disease (mean, 36.8 months), three died with @entity5 at 2, 22, and 156 months, and one @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Eight @entity1 had at least one @entity5 recurrence requiring additional surgery; seven of these @entity1 had an initial subtotal resection. In summary, @entity1758 labeling indices were generally low (mean, 0.6%) and are reflective of the slow growth of the @entity5 . @entity4910 immunostaining does not appear to be significantly increased in @entity816 . Adverse outcome in @entity1 with @entity816 may be related to extent of surgical resection and does not seem to correlate with histology, @entity1758 labeling indices, or @entity4910 immunoreactivity.

title: XXXX and @entity1758 immunohistochemistry in @entity816 : a study of 48 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'Pilocytic astrocytoma']

answer: @entity4910 :: (595,Gene) :: ['Cyclin D1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report on the occurrence of @entity2045 in @entity1 receiving @entity4481 ( @entity11974 ) for the treatment of @entity1625 . METHODS: Clinic records of 19 @entity1 who were consecutively enrolled at a tertial referral @entity302 center in a randomized, double-blind and/or open add-on study with @entity11974 were reviewed. RESULTS: In four @entity1 treated with @entity11974 , focal @entity2045 newly developed. The side effect appeared with @entity11974 doses of 50-600 mg/day; the intensity showed some dose dependency. All @entity1 had medically refractory @entity1625 and received other @entity734 ( @entity734 ) besides the study medication. One @entity1 showed focal @entity2045 of the left arm, whereas the other @entity1 developed multifocal @entity2045 . Polygraphic studies including electromyogram (EMG)-triggered back-averaging of the EEG in the @entity1 with the highest frequency of @entity2045 showed no visible correlate of the @entity2045 . In this @entity1 , frequency and intensity of @entity2045 significantly decreased after dose reduction of @entity11974 . In the other cases, @entity2045 was only subtle and did not significantly interfere with daily activities, so that a dose reduction of @entity11974 was not considered necessary. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate a relatively high incidence (four of 19) of @entity2045 associated with @entity11974 therapy. The rate seems to be at least as high as reported in @entity1 receiving the structurally similar anticonvulsant @entity2682 .

title: XXXX in @entity302 patients with anticonvulsive add-on therapy with @entity4481 .

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus', 'myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['Myoclonus']


abstract: Using mesh or a synthetic prosthesis during @entity2701 -free @entity169 has been shown to be safe and effective. We compared the final outcome in treating @entity169 in 45 @entity1 using three different prosthetic materials: 15 @entity1 underwent @entity2701 -free @entity169 using @entity7502 ( @entity7502 ) mesh, 15 using Vypro (polyglactin and @entity7502 ) mesh, and 15 with Surgisis-a new bioactive material derived from porcine small intestinal submucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity2701 -free inguinal repair using Surgisis, comparing it with conventional prosthetic materials. From January 2003 to December 2003, 45 male @entity1 underwent @entity169 . Median follow-up was 12 months, with a range of 1-16 months. Each @entity1 underwent ultrasound evaluation of the inguinal region 1 month after surgery. All the procedures were completed under local anesthesia. There were no intraoperative complications, and all @entity1 were discharged home the same day of surgery. No recurrent @entity2737 were observed in our post-operative follow-up period. @entity282 (visual analog score) and discomfort were lower in @entity1 with Surgisis mesh. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of overall early and late complications; however, there was a tendency toward a higher incidence of @entity158 and discomfort in Vypro and @entity7502 group. The median time to full recovery was significantly shorter in the Surgisis group. Surgisis mesh seems to be a promising new prosthetic material for @entity547 repair. Long-term follow-up is necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

title: Comparison of three different mesh materials in XXXX -free @entity169 : @entity7502 versus Vypro versus surgisis.

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene', 'Prolene']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['hernias and wound infections']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia', 'Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

answer: @entity2701 :: (MESH:D018781,Disease) :: ['tension']


abstract: Each wound @entity281 may be coursed in few clinical manifestations and may concern either skin with subcutaneous tissue (superficial @entity281 ) or @entity655 , muscles ( @entity281 ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the form of @entity281 and its clinical course, and moreover, to find the specific @entity281 wounds. The material was 1527 surgically treated @entity1 in the 3rd Surgical Department of the Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University during one year. 66 @entity1 with wounds of the head and 7 @entity1 who died within first three days after surgery without wound @entity281 signs were excluded from the study population. The healing of each wound was observed during the @entity1 's hospitalisation and 30 days after discharge from hospital, and in orthopedic @entity1 6 months after discharge. The total number of 132 infected wounds was identified. The population of 1352 wounds healed without any complications was a control group. All the data were recorded in a Wound Infection Register Card and were collected in the computer database. The data were statistically analysed. Relationships between single factors and @entity6081 were evaluated using chi-square statistics and in the small number Fisher's exact probability test. Analysis of variance was used for continuous variables. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were computed for all variables. @entity6081 was found in 132 (8.9%) cases, including 76 (57.6%) in males and 56 (42.4%) in females. The average age was 50.9 years. The period of hospitalisation ranged from 3 to 119 days, with the mean of 31.9 days in comparison to 16.3 days in the control group.

title: [ @entity6081 . IV. Flora and clinical course of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['flora of infected', 'infection', 'deep infection']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative wound infection', 'postoperative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['deeper layers-fascias']

answer: @entity6081 :: (MESH:D013530,Disease) :: ['postoperative wound infection']


abstract: @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) production by the plant pathogen @entity48381 is essential for @entity5 formation on olive and oleander. The bacterium produces @entity6207 from @entity2340 in reactions catalyzed by @entity2340 monooxygenase and @entity50149 hydrolase. The genetic determinants are, respectively, iaaM and iaaH. In oleander isolates, the genes encoding the @entity6207 biosynthetic enzymes are located on a plasmid; in olive isolates, the genes occur on the chromosome. The @entity6207 genes from the oleander isolate strain EW2009 are located within a 4-kilobase (kb) segment of the 52-kb plasmid pIAA1. @entity526 strains harboring a recombinant plasmid, pCJP3, which contains this 4-kb fragment, excreted @entity6207 into culture media, and crude cell extracts had both @entity2340 monooxygenase and @entity50149 hydrolase activity. In vitro coupled transcription-translation of pCJP3 demonstrated that this fragment coded for proteins of 62 and 47 kilodaltons which correspond to @entity2340 monooxygenase and @entity50149 hydrolase, respectively. Expression of these genes was dependent upon a vector promoter in pCJP3. However, in the absence of a vector promoter, @entity526 containing recombinant plasmids with additional pIAA1 DNA in front of iaaM had high levels of @entity2340 monooxygenase. Northern (RNA) hybridization experiments verified that iaaM and iaaH are cotranscribed as a portion of a ca. 4- to 5-kb transcript in vivo. Southern hybridization experiments with @entity6207 plasmids from different oleander strains of @entity48381 revealed that all @entity6207 plasmids contained a region of at least 10 kb of homology, with the @entity6207 genes at one end. Repetitive DNA and a copy of IS51 were found at the end of this region of homology.

title: Cotranscription of genes encoding @entity9634 production in Pseudomonas syringae subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity50149 :: ('MESH:C015950', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleacetamide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity48381 :: ('29438', 'Species') :: ['P. syringae subsp. savastanoi', 'Pseudomonas syringae subsp. savastanoi']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['Indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity48381 :: (29438,Species) :: ['savastanoi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A family history of @entity1583 is associated with an increased risk of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity978 ( @entity978 ), although the magnitude of the relative risk is unclear. We estimated the association between familial @entity5 and risk of @entity706 using validated, registry-based family data, and we also investigated whether associations between some environmental exposures and risk of @entity706 vary between individuals with and without such a family history. METHODS: In a population-based case-control study of @entity706 , 1506 case @entity1 and 1229 control subjects were linked to the Swedish Multi-Generation Register and then to the Swedish @entity5 Register to ascertain history of @entity5 in first-degree relatives of @entity1 with @entity706 . Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations with the risk of @entity706 . RESULTS: A history of @entity1583 in any first-degree relative was associated with an increased risk of all @entity1893 (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.2 to 2.5), common B-cell @entity1893 subtypes, and @entity978 . Relative risks were generally stronger in association with sibling @entity5 (OR for all @entity1893 = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.3 to 7.6) than with parental @entity5 (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1 to 2.3). A family history of @entity1893 or @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) was associated with an increased risk of several @entity1893 subtypes and @entity978 , whereas @entity1582 was associated with a higher risk of @entity706 . There was no statistically significant heterogeneity in @entity1893 risk associations with environmental factors between individuals with and without familial @entity1583 . CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of @entity1893 and @entity978 among individuals with a family history of @entity1583 was approximately twofold for both @entity706 . There was no evidence that etiologic associations varied between familial @entity1893 and @entity1893 .

title: Family history of @entity1583 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma types', 'malignant lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['familial multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma', 'nonfamilial NHL']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Most @entity1 with acute or chronic flaccid limb @entity425 have a disorder of motor unit. However, it is very important to exclude cerebral or other upper motor neuron disorders before we approach such @entity1 as pure @entity121 . In general, @entity16 results in distal limb @entity425 , @entity121 manifests with @entity425 . There are exceptions, however. Accurate diagnosis in this wide array of disorders is dependent on a careful clinical assessment followed by the appropriate investigations. Here we report a 14-year-old @entity1 who presented with progressive difficulty in rising up from the floor for one month. Neurological examination revealed an @entity28 , clumsy but clear @entity1 with stable vital signs. The muscle power of neck and upper limbs was normal. There was positive Gower sign, but the toe and heel gaits were acceptable. The initial blood work and motor/sensory nerve conduction velocity were unremarkable. Further study for thyroid function showed a @entity1378 state. The @entity121 recovered soon after medical treatment. There were no other symptoms, and signs indicating @entity1378 and @entity121 of lower limbs was the isolated clinical feature. @entity121 is common in @entity1378 , but is unusual as the sole presenting symptom.

title: Proximal XXXX of lower limbs as the sole presentation of @entity1378 : report of one case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['proximal weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperthyroid myopathy', 'proximal myopathy', 'myopathy', 'muscle disorders']

answer: @entity425 :: (MESH:D018908,Disease) :: ['weakness']


abstract: OBJECT: @entity3580 are rare @entity5 that arise from the remnants of the notochord. Because of their deep location, local infiltrative nature, and involvement of surrounding bone, treatment of @entity3580 is a challenge. The authors analyze the data and prognostic factors obtained during the follow-up period (range 1-150 months, median 38 months) in 53 @entity1 with craniocervical junction @entity3580 and 10 @entity1 with @entity511 . METHODS: Several surgical approaches were used, and some @entity5 excisions required staged procedures. Survival was calculated according the Kaplan-Meier method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Radical/subtotal resection was achieved in 77.8% of the @entity1 . The mortality rate during the follow-up period was 14.3%. In @entity1 harboring @entity511 better 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were demonstrated than in those with @entity3580 (100% and 50.7%, respectively). Histological patterns (typical or @entity3580 ) and @entity1 age at onset of symptoms had no effect on the @entity1349 rates. Radical/subtotal resections were associated with better @entity1349 rates than partial resection. Adjuvant proton-beam radiotherapy was shown to increase the @entity1349 rates compared with conventional radiotherapy (90.9% and 19.4%, respectively at 4 years posttreatment). Karyotypically abnormal @entity5 were associated with worst @entity1349 rates as compared with karyotypically normal lesions (44.5% and 90.3%, respectively at 3 years). Cases of @entity129 , followed by CSF leakages were the most frequent @entity260 . @entity51 was observed in 28.6% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A better prognosis was observed in @entity1 with @entity511 compared with those harboring @entity3580 . Histological pattern and the @entity1 's age at symptom onset were not factors that influenced prognosis in cases of @entity3580 . Extensive resection and possibly adjuvant proton-beam radiotherapy provided better prognosis for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the skull base: follow-up review and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Permanent postoperative neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chondroid chordoma', 'Chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['Chordomas']


abstract: A simple method was used for testing the antibiotic susceptibility of adherent bacteria to plastic surfaces. @entity796 , @entity5134 , and @entity5609 cells adhering to the bottom of a plastic tissue culture plate were incubated in serially diluted antibiotic solutions. After 24-h incubation the solutions were removed and a fresh medium without antibiotics was added to each well. The viability of the cells was judged by their growth after a further 24-h incubation. In our assay system, we employed a short incubation time (1-h) involving adherence of bacteria to a surface for the purpose of minimizing the effect of the glycocalyx on antibiotic activity. Even if the bacteria did not form a biofilm, the minimal bactericidal concentrations for adherent bacteria (MBCADs) markedly elevated. The MBCADs of @entity800 well correlated with the bacteriological eradication by @entity800 treatment for @entity293 ( @entity293 ) associated with indwelling urinary catheters, whereas the minimal inhibitory concentrations did not show a correlation. Kinetic studies showed that adherent @entity796 had a 2 h-lag time before logarithmically growing when these bacteria were incubated in Mueller-Hinton broth without antibiotics. The tolerance demonstrated by adherent cells is likely to play a role in the difficulties encountered in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of biofilm infections. Moreover, our assay system was considered to be useful in the therapeutic selection of antibiotics for these infections.

title: Effect of adherence on antimicrobial susceptibility of @entity796 , @entity5134 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections', 'UTIs']

answer: @entity5609 :: (584,Species) :: ['Proteus mirabilis']


abstract: Bacterial genes required for proper partitioning consist of two transacting genes that encode proteins and a cis-acting gene that functions like a centromere. Plasmids actively partitioning by means of these genes migrate from midcell to the cell quarters and are tethered to these sites until the cells divide. Previously the partitioning genes were mainly found on plasmids and phages in @entity526 . However, progress in genome sequencing reveals that partitioning genes are ubiquitous in many bacterial plasmids and chromosomes. Each homologue of the two transacting genes belongs to a family, ParA or @entity44802 . Moreover, phylogenic analysis of members of the ParA and @entity44802 families indicates that each member falls into a chromosomal group or an extrachromosomal group. It is known that the parAB genes in the chromosomal group are located on relatively conserved chromosomal regions in several bacterial species. This suggests that the parAB genes were transferred from a chromosome to plasmids and phages, so the genes have diverged among bacterial species. To support this possibility, we show that the @entity3881 Soj and Spo0J members of the ParAB families are responsible for the specific localization of plasmids at cell quarters in @entity526 and can function as partition proteins. Host factors to tether actively partitioning plasmids at subcellular sites may be conserved in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria so that phages and plasmids with the ParAB partitioning system can be stably inherited in host cells across bacterial species.

title: Active segregation by the @entity3881 partitioning system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Guided cell migration is necessary for the proper function and development of many tissues, one of which is the @entity238 embryonic salivary gland. Here we show that two distinct Wnt signaling pathways regulate salivary gland migration. Early in migration, the salivary gland responds to a @entity50657 -Frizzled signal for proper positioning within the embryo. Disruption of this signal, through mutations in @entity50657 , frizzled or frizzled 2, results in misguided salivary glands that curve ventrally. Furthermore, disruption of downstream components of the canonical Wnt pathway, such as dishevelled or @entity27721 , also results in ventrally curved salivary glands. Analysis of a second Wnt signal, which acts through the atypical Wnt receptor @entity50658 , indicates a requirement for @entity30899 signaling late in salivary gland migration. @entity30899 is expressed in the central nervous system and acts as a repulsive signal, needed to keep the migrating salivary gland on course. The receptor for @entity30899 , @entity50658 , is expressed in the actively migrating tip of the salivary glands. In embryos mutant for @entity50658 or @entity30899 , salivary gland migration is disrupted; the tip of the gland migrates abnormally toward the central nervous system. Our results suggest that both the @entity50657 -frizzled pathway and a separate @entity30899 - @entity50658 pathway are needed for proper salivary gland migration.

title: Different Wnt signals act through the Frizzled and RYK receptors during XXXX salivary gland migration.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study we investigate the effects of @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) on urinary volume, frequency of micturition, serum and urine osmolality, osmotic and @entity1011 clearance, and free water clearance in @entity1 with primary nocturnal @entity11795 . This information might help in our understanding of the mechanism of action of @entity2050 in management of @entity1 with @entity11795 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study comprised eight @entity1 with primary @entity11795 (age range, 8-14 yr) who wet at night on a daily basis. Enuretics were given, @entity2050 200 mg each night; urine volume, urinary osmolality and electrolytes, serum osmolality and electrolytes, osmotic clearance, fractional excretion of @entity1372 , and free water clearance were assayed before @entity2050 treatment and after 15 d of treatment. Frequencies of bed-wetting and dry nights were observed during treatment. RESULTS: Mean number (+/-SD) of dry nights was increased from zero dry nights (daily bed-wetting) to 9.7 (2.8) per 15 d of treatment (65%). @entity2050 decreased the 24-h urinary volume by 41%, the night volume by 45%, the day volume by 38%, and frequency of micturition by 28%. @entity2050 increased the 24-h urinary osmolality by 43%. Serum osmolality changed significantly from 283.7 mOsm/l to 277.2 mOsm/l. @entity2050 decreased osmotic clearance by 37% and free water clearance by 34%. @entity1011 clearance was decreased by 19% after @entity2050 treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity2050 reduced urine volume, increased urine osmolality, and decreased the free water clearance, the osmotic clearance, and the frequency of micturition in enuretics; this might help in understanding its mechanism of action.

title: Effect of @entity2049 on urinary volume and osmolality, water clearance, and serum osmolality in @entity1 with primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity11795 :: (MESH:D004775,Disease) :: ['enuresis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A randomized clinical trial (RCT) to evaluate the impact of dental care program on the quality of life (QOL) of @entity135 @entity1 under oncological treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was a parallel RCT where 46 subjects with a diagnosis of head and neck primary neoplasy were randomly allocated to the control (CG) or @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). Both groups received basic dental care but the @entity1062 received a complimentary care before and during, oncological therapy. Data related to general (WHOQOL-BREF) and specific (EORTC QLQ H_N 35) QOL were assessed before and 15 days after the conclusion of the oncological therapy. RESULTS: The @entity1062 showed an improvement in the general and specific QOL, while the CG showed a worsening in these indexes but without significant difference. The variation between the initial and final measures in the @entity1062 shows a tendency of significant improvement along the time. A @entity7553 (p   <   0.05) and muccositis was observed in the @entity1062 . CONCLUSION: In a short follow-up period, dental care was able to reduce damage from the oncological therapy especially related to muccositis and @entity7553 , although the QOL was not significantly improved. However, a longer follow-up to measure the late side effects over the QOL of these @entity1 is necessary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Provision of continuous dental care for @entity135 @entity1 can reduce deleterious side effects of the oncological treatment.

title: A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the impact of a dental care program in the quality of life of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in candidiasis', 'candidiasis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Porcine @entity5442 (PPE) is known as one of the most important risk factors causing economic losses in @entity1707 industry worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial oral attenuated @entity18375 vaccine (Enterisol Ileitis) against PPE under a commercial @entity1707 farm condition in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty two-day-old 672 piglets were randomly allocated into vaccinated and control groups. All piglets in the vaccinated group were inoculated with a commercial attenuated @entity18375 vaccine as following the manufacturer's instruction. Body weights of all @entity1707 in both groups were measured on the vaccination day and 6, 14, and 20 weeks post vaccination and an average daily @entity1017 (ADWG) was calculated. Health status was observed biweekly during the whole trial. RESULTS: The vaccinated group showed significantly higher body weight (p<0.05) and ADWG (p<0.05) than those of the control group. The vaccinated group had significantly @entity73 in activity, growth, defecation frequency, and stool hardness (p<0.05). Additional health benefits and improved @entity1017 by the vaccination produced a 4.2:1 return of investment, and the higher gross margin was  4.80 per @entity1707 . CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that the @entity18375 vaccine program has effects on the substantial health and economic benefits in the Korean @entity1707 industry.

title: Efficacy of a commercial live attenuated XXXX vaccine in a large scale field trial in Korea.

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['reduced impairments']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity18375 :: ('29546', 'Species') :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis', 'L. intracellularis']

answer: @entity18375 :: (29546,Species) :: ['Lawsonia intracellularis']


abstract: Antibody prevalence to the 2009 pandemic @entity778 was determined in a sample of the Austrian population to assess the post-pandemic seropositivity rate, the @entity281 attack rate, and the proportion of @entity4092 during the 2009/2010 influenza pandemic in Austrian adults. A total of 480 sera from individuals aged between 18 and 57 years from all nine federal states of Austria were collected between April and June 2010. Information on demographic characteristics, vaccination history, and history of suspected or verified @entity778 was ascertained. Antibodies were determined using a commercial ELISA and compared with 80 age-matched adult sera collected before the pandemic began. The overall seropositivity rate was 28% and was highest among young adults aged 18-29 years, followed by adults aged 50-57 years. Among seropositive unvaccinated individuals, @entity281 was asymptomatic in more than 80%. Extrapolation to the overall Austrian adult population indicates that more than 1.3 million @entity1 aged 18-57 years became infected in 2009. Compared with the pre-pandemic seropositivity rate, the @entity281 rate was highest among young adults but low in those aged 30-57 years. Among 69 individuals previously vaccinated with the 2009 pandemic @entity778 , 71% had specific antibodies. The study demonstrates that @entity281 rates based on surveillance of clinical cases considerably underestimated the @entity281 attack rate during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Austria and that vaccination against this virus elicited long-lasting seropositivity in more than 70% of adults.

title: Pre- and post-pandemic prevalence of antibodies to the 2009 pandemic XXXX in Austrian adults.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection', 'influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4092 :: ('MESH:D058345', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical infections']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']


abstract: A previous report on heart rate (HR) turbulence showed its value in postinfarction risk stratification. The present study determines the predictive value of HR turbulence in a low-risk population after acute @entity583 and provides insight into its pathophysiologic correlates. With use of the database of the The Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After @entity583 (ATRAMI) study, data were obtained from 1,212 survivors with a mean duration of follow-up of 20.3 months. The a priori end point was defined as the combination of fatal @entity1167 and nonfatal @entity1167 . HR turbulence characterized by turbulence onset (TO) and @entity7939 ( @entity7939 ) was calculated and correlated with baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) and the SD of the normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN). A composite index of cardiac autonomic function was assessed by combining HR turbulence (TO and @entity7939 ), @entity4375 , and SDNN. Both TO and @entity7939 correlated moderately but significantly with @entity4375 and SDNN (r = 0.26 to 0.44, p <0.001 for all correlations). On Cox's univariate regression analysis, the RRs for abnormal values of TO, @entity7939 , and the combination of abnormal TO and @entity7939 were 1.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96 to 3.61, p = 0.065), 4.08 (95% CI 2.11 to 7.89, p <0.0001), and 6.87 (95% CI 3.06 to 15.45, p <0.0001), respectively. The composite autonomic index (combined TO, @entity7939 , @entity4375 , and SDNN) was the strongest risk predictor: for all 4 abnormal factors, RR 16.79 (95% CI 6.01 to 46.89, p <0.0001). On multivariate analysis, abnormal TO and @entity7939 , and left ventricular ejection fraction remained as independent predictors: RRs 4.07 (95% CI 1.70 to 9.77, p = 0.0017) and 3.53 (95% CI 1.76 to 7.06, p = 0.0004), respectively. In a separate model, the composite autonomic index was the strongest multivariate risk predictor: RR 8.67 (95% CI 2.72 to 7.65, p = 0.0003) for all abnormal factors, and adjusted for left ventricular ejection fraction. Thus, this study confirms the independent value of HR turbulence in predicting fatal @entity1167 and nonfatal @entity1167 in a low-risk post-acute @entity583 population. By combining HR turbulence, @entity4375 , and SDNN, a comprehensive assessment of cardiac autonomic reflexes and modulation can be obtained.

title: Heart rate turbulence-based predictors of fatal and nonfatal @entity1167 (The Autonomic Tone and Reflexes After XXXX substudy).

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity7939 :: ('MESH:C535556', 'Disease') :: ['turbulence slope', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Infarction']


abstract: The impaired perception of bronchoconstriction in @entity748 @entity1 may increase the risk of severe exacerbation. To characterize the perception of bronchoconstriction in elderly @entity565 @entity1 , we compared the perception in older @entity1 with that of younger @entity1 . To determine the influence of perception of long-standing diseases, we further evaluated the perception in early-onset elderly @entity565 @entity1 and in late-onset elderly @entity565 @entity1 . The study group consisted of 80 stable @entity748 @entity1 . The @entity1 were grouped according to their age (group 1, < 60 years, n = 37, group 2, > or = 60 years, n = 43). Each group was separated into two subgroups according to the duration of symptoms (late-onset @entity565 1A and 2A, < 5 years, early-onset @entity565 1B and 2B, > or = 5 years). A histamine inhalation test was performed for each @entity1 . @entity1353 was assessed by modified Borg scale. The Borg score in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) reduction by 20% was determined as perception score 20 (PS20). The mean perception scores of the elderly @entity748 @entity1 were significantly lower than those of the younger @entity748 @entity1 (group 1, PS20 = 2.35 +/- 0.17; group 2, PS20 = 1.37 +/- 0.12, p < 0.0001). The differences of mean perception score (PS20) between early- and late-onset subgroups were insignificant (IA, 2.63 +/- 0.30 and IB, 2.07 +/- 0.16, p = 0.101; 2A, 1.36 +/- 0.19 and 2B, 1.59 +/- 0.120, p = 0.91). The mean perception scores of male @entity748 @entity1 were significantly lower than those of female @entity1 (p = 0.03). There was a correlation between PS20 and % FEV1 in the younger group (r = 0.392, p = 0.02), but not in the elderly group (r = 139, p = 0.375). The correlation between PS20 and PD20 in both younger and elderly group was insignificant (p > 0.05). Elderly @entity748 perceive less intense respiratory distress for a decrease of 20% in FEV1 than do younger @entity748 . This underperception of bronchoconstriction may result in a delay in medical care during an acute @entity748 episode. Thus, we strongly recommend that elderly @entity748 @entity1 should be followed up more frequently and closely.

title: Perception of bronchoconstriction in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatics']


abstract: @entity746 ( @entity746 ) is a fatal @entity179 characterized by progressive @entity912 due to the selective death of motor neurons of unknown causes. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is altered in @entity746 . In this study, we focused on two non-canonical Wnt signaling components, atypical @entity6164 (aPKC) and a Wnt receptor, @entity34340 , in a @entity19 model of @entity746 , @entity182 ( @entity24869 ). aPKC mediates Wnt signaling to regulate growth cone guidance, axon differentiation and cell survival. @entity34340 is a Wnt repulsive receptor that regulates axon guidance and inhibits regeneration after @entity1566 . aPKC expression was increased in motor neurons of the lumbar spinal cord in @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 at both early and late stages. Interestingly, aPKC was co-localized with @entity182 in motor neuron cell bodies and extracellular aggregates, and aPKC-containing extracellular aggregates increased with disease progression. Biochemical fractionation showed that aPKC protein level was increased in the detergent-insoluble protein fraction in @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 at late stage but decreased in the detergent-soluble fraction at symptomatic stage. These results suggest that aPKC may be sequestered in @entity182 aggregates, impairing its ability to protect motor neurons from death. @entity34340 expression was also increased in the motor neurons and the white matter in the ventral lumbar spinal cord of mutant @entity182 @entity19 with a peak at early stage. These observations indicate that Wnt/aPKC and Wnt/ @entity34340 signaling are altered in @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 , suggesting that changed Wnt signaling may contribute to neurodegeneration in @entity746 .

title: Altered expression of atypical @entity6164 and @entity34340 in the spinal cord of a XXXX model of @entity746 .

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disease']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (hsps) are ubiquitous and known to be expressed in all organisms. These stress proteins are likely to be induced in the wound environment and may play a critical role in the overall process of wound repair. Linear incisions were made in @entity35 . Serial skin biopsies were taken, the dermis and epidermis were separated and a protein lysate made. The expression of @entity34445 , 47, and 32 were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. There were distinct patterns of expression of @entity34445 , 47, and 32 in the wound. In unwounded dermis, there was no constitutive expression of any of the @entity1457 proteins studied. In the epidermis, there was constitutive expression of @entity22456 and 72, but not hsp 47. With wounding, all hsps exhibited increased expression both in the dermis and epidermis. These patterns of protein expression are suggestive of the individual @entity1457 proteins' molecular function, such as @entity34445 's role as an indicator of cellular stress and injury, hsp 47's role in collagen synthesis, and @entity22456 's role as an antioxidant.

title: Expression of XXXX proteins in a linear rodent wound.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a novel antiepileptic drug characterized by a wide spectrum of action; no pharmacologic interaction and poor adverse events are reported. In animal models, effects of LEV are observed in basal ganglia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of LEV in reducing @entity2358 in subjects affected by @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ). METHODS: This was a single-center, short-term, open-label, controlled study. @entity1 had LEV as add-on therapy for 6 months. In the first visit @entity1 were rated according to the Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale. Every 2 months they were submitted to all these tests. LEV was added at the dose of 500 mg twice daily for the first 2 months and then the dosage was increased until 1000 mg twice daily for the next 4 more months. The authors enrolled 22 @entity1 : 15 were assigned to the LEV group and 7 were enrolled as control subjects. RESULTS: No serious adverse events were experienced by the treated @entity1 . After 6 months of treatment @entity1 on LEV showed a significant reduction of @entity2358 , with a slight improvement of functional capacity compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Results of this short-term, prospective, controlled study indicates that in @entity2033 @entity1 , LEV is effective in reducing @entity2358 , thus improving the quality of life.

title: Efficacy of levetiracetam in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ['Huntington Disease', 'Huntington disease', 'HD']

answer: @entity2033 :: (MESH:D006816,Disease) :: ['Huntington disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical usefulness of the amplitude-weighted mean velocity method for quantitation of @entity339 . BACKGROUND: Amplitude-weighted mean velocity is a nonvolumetric method for calculating the mitral regurgitant fraction. Its previous validation at one center mandated an independent assessment of its usefulness and limitations. METHODS: In 56 @entity1 with and 16 @entity1 without @entity339 , the regurgitant fraction was measured simultaneously by amplitude-weighted mean velocity, quantitative Doppler study and quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. In 16 @entity1 , multiple gain settings were used to determine the influence of this variable on amplitude-weighted mean velocity. RESULTS: In @entity1 without regurgitation, amplitude-weighted mean velocity showed more scattering of regurgitant fraction (-18% to 23%) than Doppler (p = 0.016) or two-dimensional echocardiography (p = 0.022). The absolute value of regurgitant fraction was (mean +/- SD) 8 +/- 6%, 4 +/- 2% and 4 +/- 3%, respectively (p = NS). With increasing gain, the amplitude-weighted mean velocity mitral and aortic integrals increased, but the calculated regurgitant fraction remained unchanged. In @entity1 with @entity339 , significant correlation was found between amplitude-weighted mean velocity and Doppler study (r = 0.79, p = 0.0001) and between amplitude-weighted mean velocity and two-dimensional echocardiography (r = 0.76, p = 0.0001) for calculated regurgitant fraction, but the standard error of the estimate (12%) was large. CONCLUSIONS: The amplitude-weighted mean velocity-calculated regurgitant fraction is gain independent, whereas the aortic and mitral integrals are gain dependent. Compared with Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography, it shows more scattering of values in @entity1 without regurgitation, but the methods correlate significantly in @entity1 with @entity339 . Amplitude-weighted mean velocity can be used as a simple adjunctive tool for comprehensive, noninvasive quantitation of @entity339 .

title: Amplitude-weighted mean velocity: clinical utilization for quantitation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']