abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 often present with synchronous liver @entity3 or develop hepatic @entity3 in the course of their disease. @entity409 with an intention to cure may be accomplished by liver resection or, if @entity99 is disseminated or hormonal symptoms and @entity158 cannot be controlled medically, by total hepatectomy and transplantation. The indications for orthotopic liver transplantation for metastatic @entity5 disease should be anchored in a multimodal and multidisciplinary therapeutic approach. Approximately, 120-130 cases of orthotopic liver transplantation for @entity5 have been published so far, but follow-up after transplantation has been limited, and most reports comprise a small number of @entity1 . After considering published studies and data, some recommendations may be given, although these are based on a low level of evidence. After excluding extrahepatic @entity5 manifestations by imaging procedures and diagnostic laparoscopy, the indication should be chosen restrictively. Few prognostic markers, for example age below 50 years and absence of concurrent extensive surgery, were identified by multivariate analysis in a large retrospective analysis. The prognostic impact of primary @entity5 localisation is still controversial. However, further indicators of favourable long-term prognosis are needed. Tumour biology characterised by Ki67 and @entity5962 expression may help to identify @entity1 with a favourable outcome so that @entity1 selection can be improved, but this needs further evaluation in larger @entity1 cohorts. Orthotopic liver transplantation for @entity1 with remission of disease or stable disease under medical treatment, and orthotopic liver transplantation for palliative reasons, should be restricted to selected individual cases.

title: Endocrine XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract. Transplantation in the management of metastatic endocrine @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'neuroendocrine tumours', 'neuroendocrine tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['A complete removal of liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumours']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of repeated brief @entity1563 on reactive @entity450 during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in @entity1 with or without @entity63 tolerance. Seventeen @entity1 undergoing PTCA for @entity5749 were studied. @entity1 with well developed collateral vessels were excluded. After successful predilatation, coronary flow velocity was recorded with the use of a Doppler flow guide wire, and reactive @entity450 was assessed immediately after each of two 2-min @entity1563 followed by 2 mins of reperfusion. The intracoronary electrocardiogram (icECG) was recorded via the flow guide wire placed in the center of the @entity63 zone. @entity1 were divided into two groups: those who showed a reduction of ST elevation in the icECG recorded at the time of the second @entity1563 (group I), and those who showed no difference in ST elevation between the two occlusions (group II). There were no significant differences in blood pressure, heart rate, or baseline coronary flow velocity between the two groups before the first occlusion, but the ST elevation at the time of the first @entity1563 was greater in group I than in group II (8.9 +/- 6.2 versus 1.1 +/- 2.0 mm, P < 0.01). @entity450 was significantly greater after the second @entity1563 than after the first in group I (22.1 +/- 15.8 versus 30.4 +/- 21.0 cm/s, P < 0.05), but it did not change in group II (25.6 +/- 13.0 versus 23.5 +/- 11.2 cm/s NS). @entity450 was enhanced in @entity1 with @entity63 tolerance who showed a reduction in St elevation in the icECG. These results suggest that observed reactive @entity450 does not necessarily reflect the severity of @entity63 .

title: Enhancement of coronary reactive @entity450 in @entity1 with XXXX myocardial tolerance during angioplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion', 'coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stable angina']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'Reactive hyperemia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity53 levels in @entity1 with premature thelarche have not previously been well defined because of the lack of adequate sensitivity of previously available @entity53 assays. The ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay for @entity53 has made the study of @entity53 levels in premature thelarche possible. We hypothesized that @entity1 with premature thelarche have higher @entity53 levels than normal prepubertal @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We used an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay to study @entity53 levels in 20 @entity1 with premature thelarche and 15 normal prepubertal @entity1 less than 3 years of age. The 2 groups were compared by Student t test. RESULTS: @entity53 levels were significantly greater in the @entity1 with premature thelarche (8.4 4. 5 pmol/L @entity53 equivalents) than in the normal prepubertal @entity1 (3.3 3.5 pmol/L @entity53 equivalents; P <.01). The @entity53 level was not significantly correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, age at onset of thelarche, or the presence or absence of @entity42 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with premature thelarche have significantly higher @entity53 levels than normal prepubertal @entity1 . This is consistent with the hypothesis that the mechanism of premature thelarche involves increased @entity53 levels rather than increased sensitivity of breast tissue to normal @entity53 levels.

title: Estrogen levels in @entity1 with premature thelarche compared with normal prepubertal XXXX as determined by an ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay.

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cysts']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['girls']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal circulation, such as cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis, has been associated with an activation of the immune system. Continuous veno venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) is used in critically ill septic @entity1 . During CVVHD, cytokines are excreted in ultrafiltrate. When the membranes, used in CVVHD, are incubated with leukocytes in vitro a slight production of cytokines is observed. Due to the underlying disease it is difficult to investigate the effect of CVVHD in septic @entity1 . We therefore studied the separate effect of CVVHD on the chemotaxis of granulocytes, the proliferation of lymphocytes and the release of @entity9404 and @entity18029 in healthy @entity1707 compared to an endotoxin and a control group. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1707 were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated. CVVHD was performed in 10 @entity1707 . Eleven @entity1707 received an infusion of @entity526 endotoxin 30 microg/kg, and 10 @entity1707 served as a control group. The chemotaxis of granulocytes was measured in an assay chamber, and the cytokines @entity9404 and @entity18029 with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The adhesion molecules @entity19545 and CD62 on lymphocytes were measured using monoclonal antibodies, and the lymphocyte proliferation was measured without stimulation and in response to mitogens. RESULTS: CVVHD was accompanied by @entity2905 and increased spontaneous lymphoproliferative response, but no change in adhesion molecules on lymphocytes or cytokine levels in plasma, and no decrease in the chemotaxis of granulocytes. Following endotoxin we observed a pronounced @entity2905 and an increased secretion of @entity9404 and @entity18029 , a decrease in the expression of @entity19545 on lymphocytes and in the stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and in the chemotaxis of granulocytes. CONCLUSION: CVVHD does not, in contrast to endotoxin-induced @entity295 , influence chemotaxis of granulocytes, the production of @entity9404 and @entity18029 or the proliferation of lymphocytes.

title: Effect of hemodiafiltration and @entity295 on chemotaxis of granulocytes and the release of XXXX and @entity18029 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity9404 :: (396880(Tax:9823),Gene) :: ['IL-8']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Australian federal government is developing a policy response to @entity102 in Australia. The Serious and Continuing Illness Policy and Practice Study examined the experience of individuals with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) and Western Sydney. This paper describes the disease-specific experiences of @entity1 interviewed. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 individuals aged 45-85 years with @entity712 , @entity1030 or @entity6 in 2008. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was performed, assisted by QSR Nvivo 8 qualitative data software. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity712 (n=9) came to terms with the prospect of unpredictable @entity944 . @entity1 with @entity1030 (n=15) were angry about limitations it imposed on their lives. @entity1 with @entity6 (n=16) experienced a steep learning curve in self-management of their condition surrounded by high levels of uncertainty. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 with @entity102 share many experiences, a @entity1 's overall experience of living with @entity102 is significantly shaped by the nature of their specific dominant disease. Policies for @entity1 -centred care must take account of both generic and disease-specific elements.

title: One size does not fit all: the different experiences of those with XXXX , type 2 @entity6 and @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Participants', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic illness']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: It is often difficult to classify rare malignant pediatric mixed @entity1313 composed of mesenchymal elements. A 6-year-old @entity1 presented to our hospital with a @entity5 manifesting as complaints of rapidly progressive @entity1269 and motor aphasia over 2  weeks. Computed tomography showed a left frontal mass with thick @entity730 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enhanced lesion with perifocal @entity4 and mass effect. Total @entity5 was performed. Histological examination of the resected @entity5 revealed an anaplastic malignant small round cell component with a bland-looking mesenchymal spindle cell component. The @entity1 was treated with irradiation to the whole craniospinal @entity2270 and a boost to the @entity5 bed, followed by chemotherapy consisting of @entity1260 , @entity900 , and @entity2879 , resulting in good control without local recurrence or @entity3 at 2  years. A combined @entity5 composed of ectodermal and mesenchymal components is generally named @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The more malignant part of @entity5 is the mesenchymal component in most cases. In the present case, the more malignant component was not the mesenchymal component, but the small round cells.

title: XXXX of primitive small round cell proliferation with bland-looking mesenchymal spindle cell elements.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'left frontal massive tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'MEM', 'malignant tumor', 'malignant ectomesenchymoma']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['Malignant pediatric brain tumor']


abstract: Serotype-cross-reactive dengue virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induced during a primary @entity778 are thought to play a role in the immunopathogenesis of @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) during a @entity778 . Although there is no animal model of @entity7643 , we previously reported that @entity19 dengue virus-specific CTL responses are qualitatively similar to @entity1 dengue virus-specific CTL responses. We used BALB/c @entity19 to study the specificity of the CTL response to an immunodominant epitope on the dengue virus NS3 protein. We mapped the minimal H-2Kd-restricted CTL epitope to residues 298 to 306 of the @entity778 NS3 protein. In short-term T-cell lines and clones, the predominant CD8(+) CTL to this epitope in @entity19 immunized with @entity778 or @entity6621 expressing the @entity778 protein were cross-reactive with @entity778 , while broadly serotype-cross-reactive CTL were a minority population. In dengue type 3 virus-immunized @entity19 , the predominant CTL response to this epitope was broadly serotype cross-reactive. All of the dengue virus-specific CTL clones studied also recognized the homologous NS3 sequences of one or more closely related flaviviruses, such as Kunjin virus. The critical contact residues for the CTL clones with different specificities were mapped with peptides having single @entity535 substitutions. These data demonstrate that primary @entity778 induces a complex population of flavivirus-cross-reactive NS3-specific CTL clones in @entity19 and suggest that CTL responses are influenced by the viral serotype. These findings suggest an additional mechanism by which the order of sequential flavivirus infections may influence disease manifestations.

title: Analysis of XXXX CD8(+) T-cell clones specific for the Dengue virus NS3 protein: flavivirus cross-reactivity and influence of infecting serotype.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['secondary dengue virus infection', 'dengue virus infection', 'dengue type 4 virus NS3', 'dengue type 2 or type 4 virus', 'dengue type 2 virus']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever', 'DHF']

entities_list: @entity6621 :: ('10245', 'Species') :: ['vaccinia virus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs (20-24 @entity2036 ) that post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression by negatively regulating the stability or translational efficiency of their target mRNAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of @entity48634 ( @entity48634 ) in @entity1 @entity0 , and its potential role in disease pathogenesis. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the expression level of @entity48634 in 38 @entity0 specimens and adjacent normal breast tissues. @entity98 assays were conducted to explore the impact of @entity48634 overexpression on the proliferation of @entity1 MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells. Luciferase reporter assays were employed to validate regulation of a putative target of @entity48634 . The effect of modulating @entity48634 on endogenous levels of this target were subsequently confirmed via qRT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS: @entity48634 expression was relatively decreased in @entity0 specimens compared with adjacent normal tissues (P<0.01). Overexpression of @entity48634 suppressed MDA-MB-231 cell growth. Luciferase assays using a reporter carrying a putative @entity48634 target site in the 3' untranslated region of @entity3840 revealed that @entity48634 directly targets @entity3840 . Overexpression of @entity48634 led to downregulation of @entity3840 at the mRNA and protein level, as assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Targeted knockdown of @entity3840 by siRNA significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 @entity0 cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity48634 may act as a @entity5 suppressor in @entity0 . The overexpression of @entity48634 inhibits cellular growth by targeting @entity3840 , suggesting its use as a potential therapeutic target for @entity0 .

title: MiRNA-26b inhibits proliferation by targeting XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['PTGS2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a possible association between @entity172 and @entity231 . DESIGN: A prevalence survey of age-related @entity2194 . SETTING: Beaver Dam, Wis. @entity1 : A total community sample of @entity1 43 through 84 years of age at the time of a private census were recruited for examination, medical history, and photographs of the lenses of the eyes. Data from @entity1 are included in this report. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Photographs were graded by protocol for the presence and severity of age-related @entity231 . RESULTS: Current use of postmenopausal @entity172 was associated with a decreased risk of more severe @entity1463 . Younger age at menarche was also associated with a protective effect regarding @entity1463 . Older age at menopause was associated with a decreased risk of cortical @entity231 . CONCLUSION: These data are suggestive of a modest protective effect of @entity172 exposure on the lenses of @entity1 . Further evaluation of this may be possible in studies currently under way in which postmenopausal @entity172 are being tested for other (protective) effects.

title: Is there evidence of an @entity172 effect on age-related XXXX ? The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['opacities', 'lens opacities']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['nuclear sclerosis']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['lens opacities']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The Shuttle Walking Test (SWT), the Swiss Spinal Stenosis (SSS) Questionnaire, the @entity613 Score ( @entity6862 ), and the @entity717 Index (ODI) were administered to @entity1 with @entity2649 and @entity613 . OBJECTIVE: To determine reliability of the SWT, the SSS (Q1-12), the @entity6862 , and the ODI in @entity2649 assessment. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Reliability data for exercise tests in @entity2649 are lacking. METHODS: To determine reliability, 32 clinic @entity1 with @entity2649 were assessed twice, with 1 week between assessments. Retrospective data from 17 @entity1 assessed before surgery and 18 months after surgery for @entity2649 were used to investigate the use of reliability in a clinical setting. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability in terms of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.92 for the SWT, 0.92 for the SSS, 0.83 for the @entity6862 and 0.89 for the ODI. The mean percentage scores were 51 for the SSS, 45 for the @entity6862 , and 40 for the ODI. To achieve 95% certainty of change between assessments for a single @entity1 , the SSS would need to change by 15, the @entity6862 by 20, and the ODI by 16. The mean SWT was 150 m, with a change of 76 m required for 95% confidence. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91 for the SSS, 0.90 for the @entity6862 , and 0.89 for the ODI. The change in ODI correlated most strongly with @entity1 satisfaction after surgery (rho = 0.80; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Fluctuations in a @entity1 's symptoms result in wide individual confidence intervals. Performance on the SSS, @entity6862 , and ODI questionnaires are broadly similar, the most precise being the condition-specific SSS. The SWT gives a snapshot of physical function, which is acceptable for group analysis. Use of the SWT for individual assessment after surgery is feasible.

title: The reliability of the Shuttle Walking Test, the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, the Oxford Spinal Stenosis Score, and the @entity717 Index in the assessment of XXXX with @entity2649 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['Oxford Claudication', 'neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2916 presents with characteristic cortical @entity4607 and subependymal nodules associated with @entity410 . The purpose of this study was to use pulsed arterial spin-labeling (PASL) to quantify the perfusion of the cortical @entity4607 and correlate the perfusion values with @entity410 frequency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search yielded 16 MR imaging examinations including conventional MR imaging and PASL perfusion performed in 13 @entity1 (age range, 7 months to 23 years) with a history of @entity2916 . The mean perfusion of each cortical @entity4607 greater than 5 mm in size localized with conventional MR imaging sequences was obtained with use of manually drawn regions of interest. @entity4607 were classified as normal, hyperperfused, or hypoperfused on the basis of the mean and SD of the unaffected cortex. Correlation was made between perfusion imaging, conventional imaging, and clinical history. RESULTS: Of the 245 cortical @entity4607 , 227 (92.7%) were hypoperfused, 10 (4.1%) were hyperperfused, and 8 (3.3%) were unchanged relative to the mean gray matter. One @entity1 had a @entity816 with a mean perfusion of 93.5 mL/100 g tissue/min. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between @entity410 frequency and the number of hyperperfused cortical tubers (r = 0.51; n = 16; P = .04), with higher @entity410 frequency associated with a greater number of hyperperfused cortical tubers. There was no significant correlation, however, between @entity410 frequency and the overall number of cortical tubers (r = 0.20; n = 16; P = .47). CONCLUSIONS: The PASL technique can assess and quantify the perfusion characteristics of a cortical @entity4607 . Most lesions are hypoperfused; however, both normally perfused and hyperperfused lesions occur. The presence of hyperperfused cortical tubers was associated with increased @entity410 frequency.

title: Pulsed arterial spin-labeled MR imaging evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['subependymal giant cell astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'hamartoma', 'Cortical hamartomas']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We reviewed 17 resected @entity1911 comprising 7 from symptomatic @entity1 , and 10 unsuspected and incidentally discovered @entity5 . We compared various parameters concerning these 2 groups and investigated the features of the incidentally discovered @entity1911 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 gender and age, clinical symptoms and signs, @entity5 localization, detection methods, findings on imaging studies, urinary @entity2922 concentrations, results of @entity1769 stimulation tests, treatments at operation and @entity5 size were evaluated. Furthermore, we compared the clinically diverse aspects arising between the symptomatic and incidentally discovered @entity1911 . RESULTS: The 24-hour urinary @entity1063 and @entity17081 levels in the incidental cases tended to be lower than those in the symptomatic cases, while 24-hour urinary @entity935 was significantly less (468 +/- 221 compared to 1,558 +/- 899 microg./day, respectively). Typical symptoms of @entity1911 were noted in 6 @entity1 (60%) in the incidental @entity5 group. The incidental cases had a markedly high false-negative rate (71%) as noted by the @entity1769 stimulation test, although the symptomatic cases had a 100% positive rate. On the other hand, the average diameter of incidental @entity5 was significantly larger than that of the symptomatic lesions (55.5 +/- 19.1 versus 35.9 +/- 12.1 mm., respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical signs and findings in @entity1 with incidental @entity5 were weaker than those with symptomatic disease although most incidental @entity5 functioned. Lower urinary @entity2922 values in the incidental @entity5 were consistent with these results. However, the surgical risk for incidental @entity5 was the same as that for symptomatic lesions. Therefore, @entity1 with incidentally discovered @entity1911 scheduled to undergo surgery should be treated accordingly.

title: Clinical experience with incidentally discovered XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma', 'pheochromocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors of @entity1 with @entity764 , and to evaluate their correlation with the development of complications. METHODS: Descriptive, prospective and analytical study of a @entity1 cohort with @entity764 who underwent follow-up for a period of 30 days. Excluded from the study were those @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 , @entity174 , @entity1661 and @entity1 requiring mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: A total of 376 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, 220 of whom were males (58.5%). The most frequent causes of @entity130 were falls (218 cases; 57.9%) and motor vehicle accidents (57 cases; 15.1%). The most frequent type of @entity130 was rib contusion (248 cases; 65.9%) and @entity174 (61 cases; 16.2%). Complications were observed in 43 @entity1 (11.4%), mainly hemothorax (13 cases), pneumothorax (9 cases), @entity55 (6 cases) and @entity810 (4 cases). Four @entity1 died due to @entity55 and hemothorax. Thirty-three @entity1 were hospitalized (8.7%) and 10 (2.6%) required later re-admittance. The risk for complications increased significantly in @entity1 with more than 2 @entity174 , in those over the age of 85 and in the presence of certain comorbidities, such as @entity1030 and pathologies requiring anticoagulation therapy. The risk for re-admittance is higher in @entity1 over the age of 60. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity764 who present certain comorbidities, are over the age of 85 and have more than 2 @entity174 may present more complications. These factors should be contemplated in the evaluation, management and follow-up of these subjects.

title: Evolution and complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['long-bone fractures', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the management of a multigravida presenting with @entity1468 , @entity2102 and acute @entity12661 for Caesarean section. CLINICAL FEATURES: A 39-yr-old @entity1 , with three past uncomplicated pregnancies presented at 33 wk with acute @entity12661 . Based on clinical and laboratory assessment, a diagnosis of @entity1468 with @entity2102 was made. A CT scan of her head demonstrated @entity75 of her basal ganglia, extending superiorly to involve both posterior parietal and occipital regions. Infusions of @entity2400 and @entity2514 were started and an urgent Caesarean section was performed under subarachnoid anaesthesia after insertion of an arterial line and intravenous hydration. The course of anaesthesia and surgery was uneventful and she delivered a live 1540 g female @entity1 . By the following morning, she had recovered some vision and visual recovery was complete by 72 hr postpartum. She underwent an MRI with angiography on the first postpartum day. @entity75 were confirmed in the same sites identified on CT scan but all major cerebral vessels were patent and no significant @entity455 was noted. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged home seven days postpartum after being prescribed @entity6555 for continued @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The anaesthetic management of a parturient with acute @entity12661 and @entity2102 is modeled on the underlying preeclamptic condition. Invasive monitoring is not routinely indicated but is specifically indicated in some cases. Provided that it is not contraindicated because of prohibitive risk to the mother, regional anaesthesia has particular advantage in these @entity1 . In particular, the use of spinal anaesthesia, which has been discouraged by some for this @entity1 population, should be re-evaluated.

title: Obstetrical anaesthesia for a parturient with @entity1468 , @entity2102 and acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular abnormality']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6555 :: ('MESH:D007741', 'Chemical') :: ['labetalol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions', 'Ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity2102 :: ('MESH:D017359', 'Disease') :: ['HELLP syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity12661 :: ('MESH:D019575', 'Disease') :: ['cortical blindness']

answer: @entity12661 :: (MESH:D019575,Disease) :: ['cortical blindness']


abstract: We have developed a lyophilized @entity6861 ( @entity6861 ) delivery device that can be formulated to control release over 2 to 8 weeks. Bioerodible @entity7050 particles loaded with 90 micrograms recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 were suspended in either carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or @entity7522 (MC) implants. Plain CMC and MC implants served as controls, as did a nonimplanted group. A total of 40 @entity95 was evaluated histologically 2, 4, or 8 weeks after receiving circular full-thickness 15-mm @entity9332 . MC appeared to prevent prolapse of periosteum and dura into the defects and did not elicit bone growth. Addition of @entity6861 improved the result. CMC implants appeared to encourage bone growth even in the absence of @entity6861 . When @entity6861 was added, new bone formed earlier. CMC may influence new bone formation because it is hydrophilic. MC is less hydrophilic and may cause undue @entity32 . Either can be combined with @entity6861 to produce unitary devices that are easy to make and use.

title: Two lyophilized polymer matrix recombinant @entity1 XXXX carriers in @entity95 @entity9332 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial defects']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (d,l lactide-co-glycolide)']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

entities_list: @entity6861 :: ('649', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein', 'BMP']

answer: @entity1841 :: (650,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']


abstract: Biological treatment of drinking water is a cost-effective alternative to conventional physico/chemical processes. A new concept was tested to overcome the main disadvantage of biological denitrification, the intensive post-treatment process to remove microorganisms and remnant @entity505 source. The biological reaction zone and @entity505 supply were separated from the raw water stream by a @entity1507 -permeable membrane. Denitrification takes place in a biofilm, which is immobilized at the membrane. In a series of bench-scale runs, different types of membranes and reactor configurations were investigated. The best denitrification rates achieved were 1230 mg @entity8326 -N m-2 day-1. In one run, raw water containing 100 mg @entity8326 - 1-1 was completely freed from @entity1507 . The membrane and the attached biofilm also represent a barrier against the passage of the C source and nutrients into the raw water. At concentrations of 20 mg 1-1 @entity1068 and 15 mg 1-1 @entity1391 in the bioreactor no diffusion through the membrane into the treated water was observed. Without any post-treatment, the effluent met nearly all the relevant criteria for drinking water; only the colony count was slightly increased.

title: XXXX removal from drinking water using a membrane-fixed biofilm reactor.

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1507 :: (CHEBI:48107,Chemical) :: ['Nitrate']


abstract: A recent study demonstrated that changes in both heart rate (HR; positive if > or = 10bpm increase) and T-wave amplitude (positive if > or = 25% increase) reliably detect accidental intravascular injection when a full test dose containing @entity1425 0.5 microg/kg is injected intravascularly. We designed this study to prospectively determine whether a smaller dose of @entity1425 would produce reliable HR and T-wave changes in @entity2614 -anesthetized @entity1 . We studied 80 ASA physical status I @entity1 and @entity1 (6-72 mo) undergoing elective surgeries during 1.0 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration @entity2614 and 67% @entity3810 in @entity26 . After the administration of i.v. @entity3897 0.01 mg/kg, the @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either i.v. saline (n = 20), an i.v. test dose (0.1 mL/kg) consisting of 1% @entity3303 with 1:200,000 @entity1425 ( @entity1425 0.5 microg/kg group, n = 20), an i.v. test dose (0.05 mL/kg) ( @entity1425 0.25 microg/kg group, n = 20), or an i.v. test dose (0.025 mL/kg) ( @entity1425 0.125 microg/kg group, n = 20) via a peripheral vein to simulate the intravascular injection of the test dose. HR and systolic blood pressure were recorded every 20 and 30 s, respectively, and T-wave amplitude of lead II was continuously recorded for subsequent analysis. After the i.v. injection of the test dose, all @entity1 in the @entity1425 0.5 and 0.25 microg/kg groups developed positive responses based on the peak T-wave amplitude, whereas all @entity1 in the @entity1425 0.5 microg/kg group and 17 @entity1 (85%) in the @entity1425 0.25 microg/kg group elicited a positive response according to the peak HR criterion. No false-positive responses were observed with saline injections. @entity1 in the @entity1425 0.125 microg/kg group showed clinically unacceptable efficacy based on either criterion. We conclude that the efficacies of detecting an intravascular injection of the test dose based on the hemodynamic and T-wave criteria are reduced with smaller doses of @entity1425 and that HR and T-wave changes are still useful indicators in most @entity1 if @entity1425 0.25 microg/kg is accidentally injected intravascularly. IMPLICATIONS: To determine whether an epidurally administered local anesthetic has been unintentionally injected into a blood vessel, a small dose of @entity1425 is often added to a local anesthetic. We found that an increase in T-wave amplitude > or = 25% in lead II and a heart rate increase > or = 10 bpm are useful indicators for detecting the accidental intravascular injection of a small dose of @entity1425 in @entity2614 -anesthetized @entity1 .

title: The efficacy of a simulated intravascular test dose in XXXX -anesthetized @entity1 : a dose-response study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: Tissue engineering in the head and neck area, presents numerous advantages. One of the most remarkable advantages is that regeneration of only a small amount of tissue can be highly beneficial to the @entity1 , particularly in the field of periodontal tissue regeneration. For decades, successful osseointegration has provided thousands of restorations that maintain normal function. With the increasing need to utilize dental implants for growing @entity1 and enhance their function to simulate normal tooth physiology and proprioception, there appears to be an urgent need for t concept of periodontal tissue regeneration around dental implants. In the present work, 5 @entity1237 wer used for immediate implant placement post @entity235 teeth extraction. Each @entity1237 received 2 implan fixtures; the control side received a porous hollow root-form @entity7050 scaf around the @entity702 fixture, and the experimental side received the same scaffold but seeded with autogenous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. One animal was killed 10 days postoperatively, and the others were killed after 1 month. The results showed that on th experimental side, periodontal-like tissue with newly formed bone was demonstrated both at 1 days and after 1 month, while the control specimens showed early signs of connective tissue regeneration around the @entity702 fixture at 10 days, but was not shown in the 1 month specimens. I can be concluded that undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells were capable of differentiating t provide the 3 critical tissues required for periodontal tissue regeneration: cementum, bone, a periodontal ligament. This work may provide a new approach for periodontal tissue regeneration.

title: Experimental formation of periodontal structure around XXXX implants utilizing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly (DL-Lactide-co-Glycolide)']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: Moderate to severe @entity85 of @entity4553 can be corrected with combination procedures, such as a proximal crescentic metatarsal osteotomy and a distal soft tissue procedure. Because crescentic osteotomy allows for motion in all planes, inadvertent metatarsal elevation can result in @entity7529 . The crescentic shelf osteotomy (CSO) provides a plantar shelf, decreasing the complication of dorsiflexion fixation. Eighteen @entity2636 foam specimens in three groups were prepared and tested to failure on a servohydraulic Instron testing machine. The mechanical characteristics of stiffness, deformation, ultimate failure load, and stored energy were compared between single-screw fixation crescentic osteotomies and single- and dual-screw CSOs in molded @entity2636 foam metatarsal sawbones. In addition, 12 cadaver specimens were randomly divided, and a CSO or crescentic osteotomy was performed. Preosteotomy and postosteotomy intermetatarsal, dorsiflexion, and pronation angles were compared from radiograph measurements. The results showed comparable mechanical characteristics among the groups, as measured by the area under the curve (P=0.95), ultimate failure load (P=0.35), deformation (P=0.63), and stiffness (P=0.21). Greater improvements were seen in the CSO group compared with the crescentic osteotomy group in correction of the intermetatarsal angle (4.8 degrees compared with 3.2 degrees) and of the first metatarsal plantarflexion (2.3 degrees compared with 3.2 degrees of dorsiflexion). However, these differences were insignificant (P=0.10 and P=0.41) with the numbers available. Compared with the crescentic osteotomy, a CSO may possibly provide easier initial fixation but similar mechanical properties.

title: Comparison of two proximal osteotomies for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities']

entities_list: @entity7529 :: ('MESH:D037061', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsalgia']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ) is an @entity74 , characterized by short stature and the presence of multiple @entity5 mainly at the ends of long bones. @entity5607 is genetically heterogeneous with two known genes on 8q24 ( @entity18215 ) and 11 @entity1354 ( @entity18216 ), and a third minor locus mapped to 19p ( @entity15398 ). The majority of @entity18215 and @entity18216 mutations result in premature protein truncation and loss of function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed two autosomal dominant @entity5607 families of Indian origin. Linkage analysis using fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers at the candidate gene regions was performed. Mutation analysis was carried out by bidirectional sequencing of purified PCR products. RESULTS: We found linkage in one family to @entity18215 and in the other family to @entity18216 . Mutation screening in the @entity18215 gene revealed a novel frameshift mutation, a single base deletion in exon 1 ( @entity52482 ). This mutation segregated in all affected members and was absent in the unaffected family members and 60 unrelated controls. In the second family, a previously unreported stop mutation, the substitution @entity51887 , was observed in the @entity18216 gene in all affected members and in none of the unaffected family members and 90 unrelated controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of @entity18215 and @entity18216 and highlight the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of @entity5607 .

title: Novel XXXX and @entity18216 mutations in hereditary multiple exostoses families of Indian origin.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant bone disorder']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['HME', 'Hereditary multiple exostosis']

answer: @entity18215 :: (2131,Gene) :: ['EXT1']


abstract: PROBLEM: @entity1457 proteins are expressed during early pregnancy and in peritoneal fluids from @entity1 with @entity46 . The relationship between a cell-mediated immune response to @entity1 60-kDa @entity1457 protein ( @entity11217 ), @entity2208 , and @entity46 was examined. METHOD OF STUDY: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 110 female partners of infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization and 41 fertile control subjects were incubated with @entity1 @entity11217 or @entity526 @entity11217 . PBMC proliferation was measured by @entity665 incorporation, and a stimulation index was calculated. RESULTS: Lymphocytes from 21.8% of the infertile @entity1 , as opposed to 7.3% of the fertile @entity1 , proliferated in response to @entity1 @entity11217 (P = 0.05). In contrast, proliferation in response to the @entity526 @entity11217 was equivalent in both groups. Within the infertile group, the response to @entity1 @entity11217 was 40.7% among @entity1 with a history of @entity2208 and only 12% in those with no history of @entity2208 (P = 0.003). There was no association between immunity to @entity526 @entity11217 and @entity2208 or between immunity to @entity1 @entity11217 and therapeutic @entity5852 or the cause of @entity249 . Immunity to the @entity526 @entity11217 was associated with @entity46 . CONCLUSIONS: A cell-mediated autoimmune response to @entity1 @entity11217 is associated with a history of @entity2208 , whereas immunity to @entity526 @entity11217 was most prevalent in @entity1 with @entity46 .

title: Cell-mediated immunity to @entity1 and XXXX 60-kDa @entity1457 protein in @entity1 : association with a history of @entity2208 and @entity46 .

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous variations in the chronic stimulation threshold were widely investigated in the last few years and formed the basis of the safety margin concept of stimulation energy. The dynamic variability of sensitivity, particularly in the atrium, is less studied and, in the literature, contrasting data are present about the actual entity of these variations. A 2:1 safety margin is still recommended by many authors, although some papers reported that this value was inadequate to guarantee a correct sensing function. AIM OF THE STUDY: We evaluated daily variability of @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in @entity1 implanted with the Cosmos 3 @entity3603 cardiac pacemaker, with a special algorithm that continuously measures the minimum-maximum sensitivity values in atrium or in the ventricle during a 12-h sampling period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 34 @entity1 , 20 males and 14 females, with a mean age of 72+/-5 years, were implanted with a Cosmos 3 @entity3603 pacemaker (PM). The indication to implant a PM was @entity1817 in 21 @entity1 and a high degree of @entity713 in 13 @entity1 . @entity162 were always employed. At 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after the implant, we analyzed the minimum-maximum values of @entity955 for the last 12-h. This analysis was performed in the late afternoon. RESULTS: The mean @entity955 varied more than threefold, from a mean minimum of 0.68 to a mean maximum value of 2.19 mV at 1 month, from 0.68 to 2.21 mV at 2 months, from 0.69 to 2.19 mV at 3 months and from 0.67 to 2.17 mV at 6 months, without significant differences among the four follow-up controls. In seven @entity1 , there was a fourfold variation, while the variation was fivefold in five @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In conclusion, from our data, we can confirm that @entity955 may vary widely during the day and, consequently, we recommend that a 3:1 safety margin should be programmed and the recommended 2:1 ratio should be abandoned. Moreover, at implant, particular attention should be paid to obtaining the best atrial signal amplitude, at least threefold higher than the highest sensitivity value available in the implanted PM. To achieve this goal and to obviate to the oversensing phenomena, bipolar leads are preferable to unipolar leads.

title: Spontaneous daily variability of @entity955 . A study with an implanted XXXX pacemaker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial bipolar leads']

entities_list: @entity1817 :: ('MESH:D012804', 'Disease') :: ['sick sinus syndrome']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'atrial sensitivity']

answer: @entity3603 :: (MESH:C562924,Disease) :: ['DDD']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) in the management of @entity9007 otherwise meriting surgical intervention. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity9007 (five following acute @entity788 and nine with @entity1689 ) were subjected to @entity1212 . For uncomplicated @entity102 , an algorithm using endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography to demonstrate ductal communication with obstruction was followed. Five @entity1 had complicated @entity9007 and nine uncomplicated cysts persisting > 6 weeks and > 6 cm in size. RESULTS: All uncomplicated and two complicated @entity9007 resolved in 6-58 days (mean 19.7). No recurrences were seen. Three @entity1 with complicated cysts had pancreatic fistulae; two of these were treated by surgery and one by pancreatic stenting. @entity295 required sump drainage in two @entity1 . Four @entity1 required early surgery: two for @entity3472 and one each for @entity548 and @entity41 . Two @entity1 were subjected later to pancreatico-jejunostomy for @entity158 of @entity1689 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with acute @entity9007 and uncomplicated noncommunicating @entity102 respond to @entity1212 . In complicated @entity102 , @entity295 may be controlled by @entity1212 .

title: Percutaneous XXXX of @entity9007 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'pigtail catheter drainage']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual cyst']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocysts']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['pigtail catheter drainage']


abstract: AIMS: @entity731 develop at low shear stress locations in the arterial tree. However, at a certain moment, plaques encroach into the lumen causing local @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) increase. Minimal information is available on the relationship between @entity13875 . We investigated in @entity1 coronary arteries in vivo the frequency with which the @entity39 core and @entity39 core in contact with the lumen are located at either low or high @entity1642 regions in early and advanced plaques. METHODS AND RESULTS: We combined a 3-D reconstruction technique of coronary arteries based on angiography and intravascular ultrasound with IVUS-virtual histology (IVUS-VH) data. With IVUS-VH the @entity39 core was determined. The lumen of these 3-D reconstructions served as input for the computational fluid dynamics. Per cross-section the @entity1642 at the regions with major @entity39 core and @entity39 core in contact with the lumen were compared to the median @entity1642 in the cross-section. Ten @entity1 coronary arteries were studied. Only cross-sections with average wall thickness >0.5 mm were included in the analysis. In early plaques (plaque burden <40%), the @entity39 core was most frequently located at @entity1642 smaller than the median (61%) contrasting the advanced plaques (plaque burden >40%), being located at @entity1642 higher than the median (60%, p<0.05 Mann-Whitney U test). Necrotic core in contact with the lumen was most often exposed to high @entity1642 , being most pronounced in @entity1442 (61%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With the advancement of disease, @entity39 core is less often located at low @entity1642 regions, but exposed to high @entity1642 , which is probably the result of lumen narrowing. Necrotic core in contact with the lumen was most frequently exposed to high @entity1642 .

title: In vivo assessment of the relationship between shear stress and XXXX core in early and advanced coronary artery disease.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity13875 :: ('MESH:D058617', 'Disease') :: ['WSS and plaque composition']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrotic']


abstract: AIM: To determine the immediate and later role(s) of initial CT in @entity1 presenting with their first episode of acute @entity12127 . METHODS: Prospective inclusion of 542 @entity1 hospitalized in the University Hospital of Geneva between 1986 and 1997. 465 (86%) @entity1 had a CT. CT grading of @entity4436 was divided between moderate @entity4436 (no sign of @entity694 ) and severe @entity4436 (signs of @entity694 ). RESULTS: During the index hospitalization, surgical treatment of the first episode of @entity697 was needed in 26% of @entity1 with CT-severe @entity4436 compared to 4% for @entity1 with CT-moderate @entity4436 . At 5 years of follow-up after medical treatment of the first episode, incidence of remote complications was the highest (49%) for @entity1 with CT-severe @entity4436 and the lowest (22%) for @entity1 with CT-moderate @entity4436 . Finally, we found that the location of the diseased segment, which is important to guide the type of resection in case of elective surgery, varies in 35% of @entity1 who had 2 episodes of @entity697 . CONCLUSION: CT is the indispensable tool both to confirm the suspected diagnosis of @entity697 and to appreciate the risk of surgical treatment during the initial acute episode. Moreover, CT grading of @entity4436 is a statistically significant prognostic parameter of the chance of secondary complicated outcome after a first @entity697 episode successfully treated medically. Finally, CT gives the exact location of @entity4436 . In case of elective surgery this colonic segment should be removed.

title: Value of CT for acute XXXX : the surgeon's view.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['left-colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['left-colonic diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6087 ( @entity6087 ) is common in the elderly and is often associated with serious morbidity and mortality. Previous reports from Africa indicate earlier age of onset and a generally better tolerated condition compared with more developed countries. As the average age of the Nigerian population increases with associated medical problems, the pattern of the disease is expected to change towards that seen in more developed countries. METHODS: The study is a retrospective review of 130 @entity1 presenting to the Memfys hospital for Neurosurgery Enugu. The demographic, causal and clinical patterns were analysed. These were compared with previous studies from Africa. 116 @entity1 who had surgical intervention were further analysed for management and outcome. RESULTS: The male female ratio was 3:1 and the peak age incidence was in the 6th decade. 50.8% of cases resulted from road traffic accidents (RTA) and 21.5% from falls. Other causes included Neurosurgical procedure in 2.3%. The commonest presentations were @entity10 and @entity1662 . Nineteen @entity1 were on antiplatelet drugs. Surgical treatment was with burr hole craniostomy and drainage in all cases with a perioperative mortality of 0.8%. Reoperation rate was 7.8% in all cases but 36% in patients on antiplatelet/anticoagulants. The outcome at six weeks using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was good in 87%. CONCLUSION: The pattern of @entity6087 in Nigeria has changed towards that seen in developed countries. There is also a general increase in frequency of the condition, and health care systems must be planned to meet this change.

title: Changing trends in XXXX in Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['altered consciousness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity6087 :: ('MESH:D020200', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic subdural haematoma', 'CSDH']

answer: @entity6087 :: (MESH:D020200,Disease) :: ['chronic subdural haematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has become the prefered method for the surgical treatment of @entity5845 in Europe. It is not known whether this procedure may induce @entity354 and whether it may impair esophageal peristalsis. METHODS: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (Swedish band) was performed in 43 @entity1 (median body mass index [BMI] 42.5 kg/m(2)). Preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively all @entity1 were assessed for reflux symptoms. In addition all @entity1 underwent preoperative and postoperative endoscopy, esophageal barium studies and manometry, and 24-hour esophageal pH-monitoring. RESULTS: The median BMI dropped significantly to 33.1 kg/m(2) (P <0.05). Preoperatively 12 @entity1 complained of reflux symptoms. Mild @entity2910 was detected in 10 @entity1 . Postoperatively only 1 @entity1 complained of heartburn and mild @entity2910 was diagnosed in another @entity1 . None of the @entity1 had @entity1282 . Preoperatively a defective LES and pathologic pH-testing were found in 9 and 15 @entity1 , respectively. These parameters were normal in all of the @entity1 postoperatively. Postoperatively there was significant impairment of LES relaxation and deterioration of esophageal peristalsis with dilatation of the esophagus in some of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding provides a sufficient antireflux barrier and therefore prevents pathologic @entity354 . However, it impairs relaxation of the LES, leading to weak esophageal peristalsis.

title: Treatment of XXXX with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding affects esophageal motility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity5845 :: (MESH:D009767,Disease) :: ['morbid obesity']


abstract: The relationship between numerous histologic variables and survival was investigated in 54 consecutive lesions of specific skin infiltrates of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) from 27 @entity1 (16 males and 11 females, mean age 65 years, range 42-83 years). All @entity1 were followed for up to 204 months or until @entity204 . Histopathologically, the infiltrates showed a patchy perivascular (35%), diffuse (31.5%), nodular (31.5%) or bandlike (1.9%) pattern. In 28% of the cases, an admixture of reactive cells within the infiltrate including eosinophils, histiocytes, neutrophils and plasma cells was observed. Cytomorphologically, small B-lymphocytes with condensed chromatin predominated in most infiltrates. However, some biopsies showed a small but significant number of medium- or large-sized neoplastic cells of the B-lymphocyte lineage with variable cytomorphological features. In a multivariate analysis, several histologic parameters within the infiltrates were found to show a significant association with long survival, namely, an infiltrate of moderate density, a nodular pattern, involvement of the lower dermis only, and presence of predominantly small B-lymphocytes (more than 95%) with condensed chromatin. Histologic variables that independently correlated with relatively short survival included an infiltrate of severe intensity, a diffuse pattern, epidermal changes (especially acanthosis and @entity1066 ), medium-sized and large B-lymphocyte (more than 5%), and reactive cells within the infiltrate (neutrophils, eosinophils, and plasma cells). Overall analysis of our results showed two histologic patterns with a significant prognostic impact (p < 0.01; z = 5.4). Pattern I (33 biopsies) correlated with relatively long survival (2-year survival rate; 97%) and consisted of infiltrates showing predominantly small B-lymphocytes (more than 95%) without reactive cells or epidermal changes. Pattern II (21 biopsies) indicated short survival (2-year survival rate; 49%) and included all the rest of the biopsies i.e., infiltrates with medium- and large-sized B-lymphocytes (more than 5%), admixture of reactive cells, and epidermal changes. Results from our study suggest that histologic features in specific skin infiltrates of @entity1072 may be helpful in identifying prognostically different subgroups of @entity1 and planning therapeutic schedules.

title: Prognostic evaluation of specific cutaneous infiltrates in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

answer: @entity1072 :: (MESH:D015451,Disease) :: ['B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes for @entity528 ( @entity528 ). METHODS: In this retrospective, noncomparative, observational case series, all @entity1 coded with a diagnosis of @entity528 between January 1, 1996, and April 30, 2002 were included. Cases whose clinical description did not match the classic description of this disorder were excluded. Clinical characteristics, surgical procedures, and qualitative outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: Among 103 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity528 , 93 (152 eyes) met inclusion criteria. Eighty-three @entity1 (89.2%) were @entity1 (P < 0.00001), and 59 @entity1 (63.4%) had bilateral disease. A normal age distribution was noted, with a mean age of 54.3 years (median, 53 years; standard deviation = 16.9). @entity409 was noted in 51 @entity1 (54.8%), contact lens wear in 31 @entity1 (33.3%), peripheral vascularization in 29 @entity1 (31.2%), pterygium in 15 @entity1 (16.1%), @entity9849 sicca in 9 @entity1 (9.7%), and exposure keratitis in 4 @entity1 (4.3%). Forty-nine eyes (32.2%) of 37 @entity1 (39.8%) required a total of 62 surgical procedures. @entity227 led to 53 (85.5%) of these procedures and resulted in improved vision in 42 (79.2%) of these cases. Seven eyes (4.6%) underwent surgical intervention for subjective discomfort or contact lens intolerance, and all had improved symptoms at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity528 appears to be a disorder that occurs predominantly in middle-aged @entity1 and may be associated with chronic ocular surface @entity32 and/or irritation. It is important to diagnose properly because of the good prognosis with medical and surgical therapy.

title: XXXX clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired vision']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Meibomian gland dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['SNCD', "Salzmann's nodular corneal degeneration"]

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['Salzmann's nodular corneal degeneration']


abstract: The evidence in adults suggests that at a cortical level simple and complex sounds are processed by partly divergent subsystems. In @entity1 , central processing of sounds differing in complexity has not been investigated. Therefore, the present study examined preconscious discrimination of the differences in sound frequency and duration as a function of sound complexity in 8-10-year-old @entity1 . A @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ) component of auditory event-related potentials was elicited in a paradigm where 'deviant' (rare) stimuli were either shorter in duration or higher in frequency than the 'standard' (repetitive) sounds. Vowels and vowel-matched complex and simple tones were presented in separate sequences. The stimulus complexity effects were sizable and appeared as larger areas and shorter and more consistent latencies of the MMNs, elicited by more complex stimuli. In addition, the vowel frequency @entity5527 showed left hemisphere preponderance compared to the complex tone frequency @entity5527 . No such effect was found for the duration decrement MMNs. In addition, the complex tone duration decrement @entity5527 was distributed posteriorly to either the vowel or sinusoidal tone MMNs. A late discriminative negativity, LDN, did not show consistent effects of sound complexity. In conclusion, acoustically rich sound content facilitates auditory sensory discrimination in 8-10-year-old @entity1 . The sound 'speechness' effects were not as robust though present. Unlike adults, @entity1 demonstrated high intersubject variability in discriminating spectrally poor, but not rich, sounds. The discrimination of the sound duration appears to differ from that of the sound frequency in nature and, consequently, in the neural substrates.

title: Sound complexity and 'speechness' effects on pre-attentive auditory discrimination in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'mismatch negativity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Among individuals with @entity6 , a comparison of HbA(1c) ( @entity3916 ) levels between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites was evaluated. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, the Combined Health Information Database, and the Education Resources Information Center. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We executed a search for articles published between 1993 and 2005. Data on sample size, age, sex, @entity3916 , geographical location, and study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with @entity6 were included. @entity6 subjects aged <18 years and those with @entity6 were excluded. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the difference in the mean values of @entity3916 for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. RESULTS: A total of 391 studies were reviewed, of which 78 contained @entity3916 data. Eleven had data on @entity3916 for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites and met selection criteria. A meta-analysis revealed the standard effect to be 0.31 (95% CI 0.39-0.25). This standard effect correlates to an @entity3916 difference between groups of approximately 0.65%, indicating a higher @entity3916 across studies for African Americans. Grouping studies by study type (cross-sectional or cohort), method of data collection for @entity3916 (chart review or blood draw), and insurance status (managed care or nonmanaged care) showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The higher @entity3916 observed in this meta-analysis among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites may contribute to disparity in @entity6 morbidity and mortality in this population.

title: Disparities in HbA1c levels between African-American and non-Hispanic white adults with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Japanese @entity1 have been at low risk for @entity65 compared with Western countries, but the data regarding current treatment status and rate of subsequent atherothrombotic events after @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) are limited in Japanese @entity1 . The objective of this study was to clarify the treatment status and long-term outcomes in Japanese @entity1187 @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The Prevention of AtherothrombotiC Incidents Following Ischemic @entity301 (PACIFIC) registry is a multicenter, prospective observational study of Japanese @entity1187 @entity1 . Consecutive @entity1 aged >= 20 years hospitalized for @entity1187 were enrolled from 96 hospitals and followed up for 2 years (n=3,597). @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was the most frequent type of @entity1187 (59.4%). The vast majority (93.5%) of @entity1 underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with a success rate of 93.9%. Frequent use of guideline-recommended pharmacological treatments was also indicated. Cumulative incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was 6.4% (7.5% for @entity583 and 4.8% for @entity583 or @entity1459 ), and all-cause mortality was 6.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The PACIFIC registry has identified an incidence of MACCE of 6.4% and that of mortality at 6.3% in Japanese @entity1187 @entity1 at 2-year follow-up. A high proportion of @entity1 underwent PCI, and the PCI success rate was high. Proactively performed successful PCI was considered to have contributed to favorable outcomes in these @entity1 .

title: Management and two-year long-term clinical outcome of XXXX in Japan: prevention of atherothrombotic incidents following ischemic @entity301 (PACIFIC) registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary attack']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'non-STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: During a fourteen-year-period 257 @entity1 underwent carotid endarterectomy in an unselected population of 700,000 inhabitants. The incidence of haemodynamically significant @entity256 was 13.5% in 133 vessels in 116 @entity1 studied by duplex scanning 28 to 209 months following carotid endarterectomy. The most striking differences between patent and restenosed cases were in serum @entity165 , @entity412 and HDL- @entity165 levels. The @entity1 with a long-term low @entity165 (less than 6.5 mmol/l), low @entity412 (less than 1.42 mmol/l) and high HDL @entity165 (greater than 1.0 mmol/l) levels had significantly less high grade @entity256 (P less than 0.05). @entity1675 and B had no significant effect, but if the lowest limit of normal @entity1675 level was considered as 1.27 g/l the difference was significant. The frequency of a high-grade @entity256 in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity301 was not significantly increased, but supports the view that these are risk factors in the development of @entity731 changes in an operated carotid artery. The incidence of recurrent @entity850 appears to be unrelated to @entity101 , @entity613 , @entity28 , smoking, operative factors or to the indication for surgery. @entity1 were more prone than @entity1 to get a high-grade @entity256 . Postoperative treatment with @entity117 was most effective, the incidence was only half of that expected, whereas the anticoagulants or a combination of @entity117 and @entity4341 were of no benefit. Haematocrit, RBC, platelet count and thrombocrit were contradictory.

title: Late carotid XXXX : aetiologic factors for recurrent carotid artery stenosis during long-term follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['claudication']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein A-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: Two randomized trials were started in 1976 by the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer urological group. Trial 30761 compared 1 mg. @entity4742 orally 3 times daily to 250 mg. oral @entity3429 daily and to 500 mg. @entity11796 intramuscularly 3 times weekly for 8 weeks, then 200 mg. orally daily. Trial 30762 compared 3 mg. @entity4742 to 560 mg. @entity13950 orally for 8 weeks and then 280 mg. daily. The 239 @entity1 in study 30761 and 226 in study 30762 were evaluated for @entity65 during treatment. Various types of side effects (fluid retention, @entity101 , electrocardiographic changes, @entity583 and @entity1031 ) and their degrees of severity were analyzed. In both studies the most frequent type of @entity65 was represented by fluid retention. @entity65 as a whole was higher with @entity4742 than with @entity13950 or @entity11796 therapy, and was the lowest with @entity3429 therapy. The risk of severe @entity65 developing was the highest during the first 6 months of treatment. Increasing age, body weight greater than 75 kg. and, especially, the presence of previous @entity65 represented adverse factors in the development of @entity65 .

title: Cardiovascular side effects of @entity4742 , @entity3429 , XXXX and @entity13950 used for the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: results from European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer trials 30761 and 30762.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity13950 :: ('CHEBI:68643', 'Chemical') :: ['estramustine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular toxicity', 'Cardiovascular toxicity', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity11796 :: (MESH:D017258,Chemical) :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']


abstract: @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) dilates arteries, lowers blood pressure and inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via the type B natriuretic peptide receptor ( @entity21694 ). The @entity21695 - @entity21694 system may play a crucial role in the development of @entity65 . We recently determined the structure of the @entity1 @entity21694 gene. In the present study, our objectives are to identify the polymorphisms of the @entity21694 gene and investigate the association of this gene with essential @entity101 (EH). We used the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique to study the @entity21694 gene polymorphism, and conducted an association study using a novel polymorphic marker. PCR-SSCP analysis of all 22 exons was done in 90 subjects, and abnormally-migrating bands were observed in the analyses of exon 11 and intron 18. Direct sequencing of these DNA fragments revealed the following sequence alterations: a C to T transition at @entity377 (nt) 2077 in exon 11 and a 9-bp insertion/deletion (I/D) in intron 18. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) was developed to detect the @entity53133 transition. PCR-RFLP analyses of healthy subjects revealed that the @entity53133 polymorphism had complete linkage to GT repeats in intron 2 reported previously. The I/D polymorphism was identified by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, and it was not linked to any known polymorphic alleles of this gene. Therefore, the possible association between the I/D polymorphism and EH was investigated. A total of 123 individuals with EH and 123 age-matched normotensive control subjects were studied. Overall distributions of allele frequencies in the two groups were not significantly different. Although the I/D polymorphism in intron 18 of the @entity21694 gene was not associated with EH, the results of this study, which identified two novel polymorphisms in the @entity1 @entity21694 gene, will facilitate further genetic analysis of this gene and @entity65 .

title: Systematic screening of type B @entity1 natriuretic peptide receptor gene polymorphisms and association with essential XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity7964 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity177 , neurohormonal activation can lead to stress-induced @entity4854 (>140 mg/dL), as could @entity1025 and @entity8862 deficiencies. However, it is currently uncertain whether @entity7964 @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) hospitalized with either chronic, decompensated @entity177 (DecompHF) having @entity99 , ionized @entity1272 and hypozincemia, or acute @entity712 ( @entity712 ) would exhibit @entity4854 at admission. METHODS: We retrospectively examined admission serum @entity413 in 77 @entity3004 @entity1 without a history of @entity6 , who were hospitalized with @entity712 . This examination included 41 @entity1 admitted during a 4-month period with chronic DecompHF and whose clinical presentation included findings of expanded intra- and extravascular volumes, together with echocardiographic evidence of marked @entity997 and distended inferior vena cava, without respiratory variation. These @entity1 were compared with 14 @entity7964 @entity1 hospitalized during the same time period with acute @entity712 . We also studied admission serum @entity413 in 22 @entity1 who were admitted with DecompHF having documented @entity1272 and hypozincemia. RESULTS: Admission serum @entity413 (mean +/- standard error of mean) in @entity1 with chronic DecompHF was 105.41 +/- 4.08 mg/dL and was modestly elevated (140-160 mg/dL) in 3 @entity1 . In those with acute @entity712 , @entity413 was 94.86 +/- 3.96 mg/dL and did not exceed 140 mg/dL in any @entity1 . @entity413 (103.2 +/- 4.3 mg/dL) was not elevated in @entity1 having chronic DecompHF and reduced ionized @entity1025 and serum @entity8862 (0.44 +/- 0.01 mmol/L and 69.6 +/- 3.2 mug/dL, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4854 at admission was infrequent in @entity7964 @entity3004 @entity1 hospitalized with either acute @entity712 or chronic DecompHF, which may have also included @entity1272 and hypozincemia. This calls into question the need for intensive insulin therapy in these @entity1 .

title: Normoglycemia in @entity7964 @entity3004 hospitalized with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['LHF', 'left heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'biventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic and splanchnic congestion']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In a prospective study, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in @entity1 with @entity5422 at 6 wk and 1 yr after onset of disease. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity17991 ([TBE] n = 73) and @entity5422 of other etiology ([non-TBE] n = 56) were investigated with rCBF-scintigraphy (SPECT). SPECT images in the acute phase of disease and at long-term follow-up were analyzed for blood-flow disturbances and their localization in the central nervous system and were correlated to clinical course and outcome. RESULTS: Decreased rCBF was seen in 50% of @entity1 after 6 wk (TBE 49%, non-TBE 50%) and in 46% (TBE 47%, non-TBE 46%) after 1 yr. The decrease in rCBF was moderate in 18% and 11% at 6 wk and in 8% and 9% at the 1-yr follow-up of TBE and non-TBE @entity1 , respectively. Reduced rCBF was significantly more common among @entity1 with @entity198 than among those with @entity693 , and more common in males. The distribution of cerebral flow changes was predominantly patchy or multifocal. At long-term follow-up, improvement in rCBF was seen in 28 of 109 @entity1 (26%), but worsening of decreased rCBF was demonstrated in 19 of 109 (17%). In TBE @entity1 , remaining neurological symptoms at 6 wk of disease were associated with worsening of decreased rCBF at the 1-yr follow-up. CONCLUSION: With SPECT, rCBF changes, mostly slight and patchy or multifocal, were detected in @entity1 with @entity5422 . Decreased rCBF was more frequent in @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity198 , although the clinical use in predicting long-term outcomes in @entity5422 (e.g., TBE) seems limited.

title: Regional cerebral blood flow scintigraphy in @entity17991 and other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningoencephalitis', 'meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['aseptic meningoencephalitis']


abstract: Serum gonadotropin, @entity172 , and @entity342 levels were measured in samples obtained from 19 @entity1 with @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) and from 10 normal @entity1 on day 2 to 4 of their menstrual cycles. In @entity1 with @entity2670 , the mean (plus or minus S.E.) concentration was significantly higher (P smaller than 0.001) than the concentrations found in the normal subjects for LH (35 plus or minus 4.6 vs. 12.7 plus or minus 2.6 m.I.U. per milliliter), but not for FSH (10.3 plus or minus 0.7 vs. 8.7 plus or minus 0.9 m.I.U. per milliliter). @entity1815 (E1) levels (92 plus or minus 4 vs. 52 plus or minus 5 pg. per milliliter) were also significantly higher (P smaller than 0.001), while @entity53 (E2) concentrations (58 plus or minus 4 vs. 63 plus or minus 8 pg. per milliliter) were comparable. @entity251 (T) (468 plus or minus 41 vs. 325 plus or minus 34 pg. per milliliter, P smaller than 0.05), @entity2671 (delta) (2,083 plus or minus 138 vs. 1,123 plus or minus 153 pg. per milliliter, P smaller than 0.001), and @entity9027 (3.4 plus or minus 0.4 vs. 2.0 plus or minus 0.37 mug per milliliter, P smaller 0.02) were also significantly increased over the values in normal controls. The mean @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) was elevated in the @entity1 with @entity2670 (11.3 plus or minus 1.7 vs. 7.5 plus or minus 1.2 mug per milliliter), but was not significantly different. A positive correlation was found between LH levels and both @entity39174 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity2670 . These data show a distinct profile of gonadotropin, @entity172 , and @entity342 levels in @entity1 with @entity2670 .

title: Circulating gonadotropins, @entity172 , and androgens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['PCO', 'polycystic ovarian disease']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['polycystic ovarian disease']


abstract: Leclercia adecarboxylata has been rarely isolated from environmental and clinical specimens. On review of the world literature, we found two reports of @entity281 : one report described a @entity1 with @entity1575 , and the other described a @entity1 dependent on total parenteral nutrition. L. adecarboxylata was isolated from five infected @entity1 who were evaluated at our institution. Three @entity1 had @entity2737 in which L. adecarboxylata was part of a mixed microbial growth. One @entity1 had @entity55 due to multiple bacteria, including L. adecarboxylata, which were isolated from sputum. L. adecarboxylata was isolated from the blood of one @entity1 with @entity1398 and from the blood of the two @entity1 reported in the literature. All @entity1 except one had @entity221 and @entity491 . L. adecarboxylata isolates were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. L. adecarboxylata is most frequently isolated as part of a mixed microbial growth. Its role in these infections is not clear. However, the organism caused @entity2259 in three @entity1 .

title: XXXX : case report and review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['lower-extremity wound infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['L. adecarboxylata infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Leclercia adecarboxylata infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identify the types and prevalence of @entity11333 among @entity6766 , and test the effectiveness of the current pre-employment screening policy. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was carried out in the catchment areas of seven primary health care centres (PHCCs) to represent various sections of Riyadh city. A total of 700 @entity6766 working in restaurants were randomly selected from the study area. All study subjects were asked to complete a data collection form and to bring a fresh stool specimen on the specified day to the designated PHCC. RESULTS: About 66% of the selected subjects complied in bringing fresh stool specimens. Fifty nine (12.8%) of the specimens were positive for parasites. There was a significant association between the food handler's nationality and the likelihood of a positive specimen result, being highest among the Bangladeshis (20.2%) and Indians (18.5%) and the lowest among the Arabs (3.4%) and the Turks (10%). The commonest @entity11333 isolated were @entity461 (33.8%), followed by @entity14188 (27.4%). The current screening policy does not seem effective, as there was an absence of significant association between holding a valid PEHC and the test result, with 81% of the positive results from @entity1 holding valid pre-employment health certificates (PEHCs). CONCLUSIONS: Though it is obligatory for @entity6766 to hold a PEHC in Saudi Arabia, the prevalence of @entity11333 remains high. Possible solutions include health education on hygiene, more frequent stool tests, and assessment of the current annual screening procedure.

title: Pattern of intestinal parasitic infection among XXXX in riyadh, saudi arabia.

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food handlers']

entities_list: @entity14188 :: ('51028', 'Species') :: ['Enterobius vermicularis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

answer: @entity6766 :: (MESH:D005517,Disease) :: ['food handlers']


abstract: 1. Effects of a new antiarrhythmic agent, @entity52654 , on the conduction properties and excitability of Langendorff-perfused @entity95 hearts were compared with those of @entity3303 . 2. @entity52654 above 10(-5) M caused a significant prolongation of atrio-His bundle conduction time (A-H interval) as well as His bundle-ventricular conduction time (H-V interval). @entity3303 above 10(-5) M caused a similar prolongation of H-V interval with a minimum change of A-H interval. The conduction time from His bundle stimulus to the left ventricle (St-LV) at a low frequency (1 Hz) was also prolonged by these drugs around 10(-4) M. 3. @entity52654 above 3 x 10(-6) M prolonged the effective and functional refractory periods of His bundle (ERPHB, FRPHB) as well as the effective refractory period of left ventricular muscle (ERPVM) in a dose-dependent manner. ERPHB, FRPHB and ERPVM were shortened by low concentrations of @entity3303 (3 x 10(-6)-10(-5) M), but were prolonged by high concentrations (3 x 10(-5)-10(-4) M). 4. @entity3303 (3 x 10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced an upward displacement of the His bundle refractory curve, indicating a greater intraventricular conduction delay for @entity3465 excitation. In experiments with @entity52654 , such an upward displacement was observed only at 10(-4) M. 5. These results suggest that the primary electrophysiological effect of @entity52654 is a lengthening of ventricular refractoriness, and that at high concentrations it may also exert @entity3303 -like inhibition of ventricular conduction.

title: Effects of XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic agent, on the electrophysiological properties of @entity95 isolated hearts.

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lignocaine', 'lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature']

answer: @entity52654 :: (MESH:C061263,Chemical) :: ['OPC-88117']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The object of this study was to determine, taking into account uncertainty on cost and outcome parameters, the cost-effectiveness of high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) compared with conventional chemotherapy for advanced @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: An analysis was conducted for 300 @entity1 included in a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the benefits, in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival, of adding a single course of HDC to a four-cycle conventional-dose chemotherapy for @entity0 @entity1 with @entity3 . Costs were estimated from a detailed observation of physical quantities consumed, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate mean survival times. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were evaluated successively considering disease-free survival and overall survival outcomes. Handling of uncertainty consisted in construction of confidence intervals for these ratios, using the truncated Fieller method. RESULTS: The cost per disease-free life year gained was evaluated at 13,074 @entity7634 , a value that seems to be acceptable to society. However, handling uncertainty shows that the upper bound of the confidence interval is around 38,000 @entity7634 , which is nearly three times higher. Moreover, as no difference was demonstrated in overall survival between treatments, cost-effectiveness analysis, that is a cost minimization, indicated that the intensive treatment is a dominated strategy involving an extra cost of 7,400 @entity7634 , for no added benefit. CONCLUSIONS: Adding a single course of HDC led to a clinical benefit in terms of disease-free survival for an additional cost that seems to be acceptable, considering the point estimate of the ratio. However, handling uncertainty indicates a maximum ratio for which conclusions have to be discussed.

title: Impact of uncertainty on cost-effectiveness analysis of medical strategies: the case of high-dose chemotherapy for @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['axillary lymph node invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several cases have been reported showing clearance of HBsAg in @entity6194 carriers due to adoptive transfer of immunity by an @entity1956 immunised bone marrow. CASE REPORT: We report on a 27-year-old @entity1 with @entity1860 and asymptomatic @entity6194 who received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The donor was his HLA identical brother with natural immunity against @entity1956 . Before BMT the donor had received an additional dose of recombinant @entity1956 vaccine. Twenty days after BMT @entity493 aminotransferase levels increased and graft versus host disease of the skin was observed. Elevation of liver enzymes was initially attributed to graft versus host disease of the liver and the @entity1 received high doses of @entity230 in addition to standard immunosuppression. @entity493 aminotransferase levels increased up to a maximum on day 52 while the @entity97 DNA level peaked on day 38 after BMT. A liver biopsy showed reactivation of @entity1956 and treatment with @entity230 was tapered down. Although @entity493 aminotransferase and @entity97 DNA levels decreased, liver function deteriorated. The @entity1 died 130 days after BMT due to @entity1578 . CONCLUSION: This report indicates that disturbance of the balance between @entity97 replication and immune control after BMT may result in fatal reactivation of @entity1956 . Careful monitoring, including @entity97 DNA level and early liver biopsy, of @entity1 with @entity6194 undergoing BMT as well as determination of the @entity97 immune status of the BMT donor is suggested and necessary.

title: XXXX associated @entity1578 following bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelocytic leukemia']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['Hepatitis B']