abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether resistance to @entity6101 and other antimicrobials in 3 @entity794 spp commonly isolated from @entity235 increased from 2001 to 2005. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SAMPLE POPULATION: 1,772 clinical samples of various types obtained from @entity235 examined at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital or at regional veterinary hospitals and submitted to the bacteriology and mycology laboratories associated with the teaching hospital. PROCEDURES: Samples were submitted by attending veterinarians to the bacteriology and mycology laboratories for routine aerobic microbial culture. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility procedures were performed on all isolates. Susceptibility reports for each antimicrobial and @entity794 spp were determined from aggregate electronically archived test results. @entity6101 and multidrug resistance for @entity794 intermedius was analyzed by reviewing disk diffusion zone measurements. RESULTS: @entity6101 resistance increased among @entity2868 isolates during the past 5 years, and the increase was associated with multidrug resistance. In 2005, 1 in 5 @entity794 spp isolates from @entity235 clinical samples was resistant to @entity6101 . The most common staphylococcal species isolated were @entity2868 (n = 37), @entity794 schleiferi (21), and @entity794 (4), and frequencies of @entity6101 resistance in isolates of these species were 15.6%, 46.6%, and 23.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Veterinarians should be aware of the potential for empiric drug treatment failures in instances where @entity794 spp infections are common (eg, @entity6793 ). Judicious use of bacterial culture and susceptibility testing is recommended.

title: Prevalence of XXXX - and multidrug-resistant staphylococci in clinical samples from @entity235 : 1,772 samples (2001-2005).

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin', 'Oxacillin']

answer: @entity6101 :: (MESH:D010068,Chemical) :: ['oxacillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study compares dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI with the serial @entity1486 (PSA) measurement for detection of @entity66 following whole-gland high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy of @entity263 . METHODS: @entity1 in whom post-HIFU DCE-MRI was followed within 3 months by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy were selected from a local database. 26 @entity1 met the study inclusion criteria. Serial PSA levels following HIFU and post-HIFU follow-up MRI were retrieved for each @entity1 . Three radiologists unaware of other investigative results independently assessed post-HIFU MRI studies for the presence of @entity5 , scoring on a four-point scale (1, no disease; 2, probably no disease; 3, probably @entity66 ; and 4, @entity66 ). Sensitivity, specificity and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed for each reader, post-HIFU PSA nadir and pre-biopsy PSA level thresholds of >0.2 and >0.5 ng ml(-1). RESULTS: The sensitivity of DCE-MRI for detection of @entity66 for the three readers ranged between 73% and 87%, and the specificity between 73% and 82%. There was good agreement between readers (k = 0.69-0.77). The sensitivity and specificity of PSA thresholds was 60-87% and 73-100%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was greatest for pre-biopsy PSA (0.95). CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI performed following whole-gland HIFU has similar sensitivity and specificity and ROC performance to serial PSA measurements for detection of residual or recurrent disease.

title: XXXX surveillance following whole-gland high-intensity focused ultrasound: comparison of MRI and @entity1486 for detection of residual or recurrent disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: This trial evaluated the optimum dosing regimen for recombinant @entity1 @entity2841 (rhu @entity2841 ) to support a dose-intensive chemotherapy regimen given without progenitor cell replacement. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 with refractory @entity5 received @entity786 2,500 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2, @entity2879 500 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3, and @entity900 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3. @entity1 were hospitalized from cycle days 1 to 4 for chemotherapy and readmitted for cytopenic temperatures above 38.5 degrees C. Cycles were repeated every 35 days in @entity1 who responded to a total of three cycles. @entity2841 was given at doses of 250 to 1,000 micrograms/m2 by continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity4609 ) or subcutaneously starting on cycle days 3 to 6. Two nonrandomized control groups are used. RESULTS: The optimum regimen of @entity2841 for shortening the duration of @entity1431 (WBC count less than 300/microL) was 500 micrograms/m2 given @entity4609 . Duration of @entity1431 was 5.9 days compared with 13.2 and 10.2 days in the controls (P less than .05). The optimum regimens for shortening duration of hospitalization, however, were 500 and 750 micrograms/m2/d given as divided (twice daily) subcutaneous injections. Durations of hospitalization were 9.6 and 9.8 days compared with 15.7 and 22.2 days in the controls (P less than .08). At the higher @entity2841 dose, only 36% of @entity1 required readmission for cytopenic fever. @entity137 of @entity2841 at clinically useful doses were minimal. Twelve @entity1 had complete response (24%) and 22 partial response (43%). CONCLUSIONS: This dose-intensive regimen can be given safely without progenitor replacement. rhu @entity2841 decreases the duration of severe @entity1431 and decreases the need for hospitalization and antibiotic therapy.

title: Dosing regimen of XXXX to support dose-intensive chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: In this overview we address the three phase III studies that compared new oral anticoagulants ( @entity3926 , @entity3925 and @entity5424 ) with @entity1229 in the setting of @entity64 prevention in @entity955 . Strengths and weaknesses of the studies were examined in detail through indirect comparison. We analyze and comment the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the characteristics of randomized @entity1 , the primary efficacy and safety end points and side effects. All new oral anticoagulants resulted in being non-inferior to @entity2067 antagonists in reducing @entity64 or systemic @entity887 in @entity1 with @entity955 . @entity3926 150 mg and @entity5424 were superior to @entity2067 antagonists. Importantly, new oral anticoagulants significantly reduced @entity64 in all three studies. Major differences among new oral anticoagulants include the way they are eliminated and side effects. Both @entity3926 and @entity5424 were tested in low- to moderate-risk @entity1 (mean CHADS2 [Congestive @entity712 , @entity101 , Age, @entity6 , @entity64 ] score = 2.1-2.2) whereas @entity3925 was tested in high-risk @entity1 (mean CHADS2 score = 3.48) and at variance with @entity3926 and @entity5424 was administered once daily. @entity5424 significantly reduced mortality from any cause. The choice of a new oral anticoagulant should take into account these and other differences between the new drugs.

title: Phase III studies on novel oral anticoagulants for XXXX prevention in @entity955 : a look beyond the excellent results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The tissue specificity of @entity2383 is poorly understood. Recently, tissue-specific quantitative differences of the components of the mitochondrial translation system have been found to correlate with disease presentation in fatal hepatopathy caused by mutations in mitochondrial translation factor @entity16599 . @entity38028 is an @entity74 that affects muscle and erythroid cells. The disease is caused by the homozygous point mutation @entity38029 ( @entity38030 ) in the catalytic domain of the pseudouridylate synthase 1 ( @entity38031 ) gene, which leads to a complete lack of pseudouridylation at the expected sites in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic tRNAs. Despite the presence of these altered tRNAs, most tissues are unaffected, and even in muscle and erythroid cells the disease phenotype only slowly emerges over the course of years. In order to elucidate intracellular pathways through which the homozygous mutation leads to tissue-restricted phenotype, we performed microarray expression analysis of EBV-transformed lymphoblasts from @entity38028 @entity1 , heterozygous parents, and controls using @entity1 Beadchip microarray with 47,296 transcripts. Genes coding for proteins involved in DNA transcription and its regulation, and metal binding proteins, demonstrated major differences in expression between @entity1 and all other individuals with normal phenotype. Genes coding for ribosomal proteins differed significantly between individual with at least one copy of the mutated @entity38031 gene and controls. These findings indicate that the lack of tRNA pseudouridylation can be overcome by compensatory changes in levels of ribosomal proteins, and that the disease phenotype in affected tissues is likely due to pleiotropic effects of @entity38031 on non-tRNA molecules involved in DNA transcription and @entity68 metabolism. Similar combinations of mechanisms may play a role in the tissue specificity of other @entity2383 .

title: Pleiotropic effects and compensation mechanisms determine tissue specificity in @entity38028 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive inherited progressive oxidative phosphorylation disorder']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disorders', 'mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity38028 :: (MESH:C536101,Disease) :: ['MLASA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 )-related @entity6 has been regarded as a mild form of @entity6 with a low risk of severe @entity2412 . The prevalence of @entity6 increases with age, resulting in a 50% prevalence of @entity6 at age 30 years. We sought to investigate whether microvascular complications in @entity6 appear with a relevant frequency. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 aged 30 (range 18-55) years with @entity6 for 20 (0-31) years were screened for @entity2412 . Because of chronic @entity358 , the majority of @entity1 were regularly treated with @entity4028 and @entity205 given frequently. RESULTS: Since the pharmacological treatment of lung transplant @entity1 could influence metabolical regulation and renal function, the results are given separately for nontransplanted (n = 29) and transplanted (n = 9) @entity1577 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 (27%) had @entity989 , two of which had @entity989 and needed laser treatment. Lung transplantation did not affect the prevalence of @entity989 . In nontransplanted @entity1 , nine had @entity101 , three microalbuminuria, and one elevated @entity1011 . None had macroalbuminuria. In transplanted @entity1 , eight of nine had @entity101 , two had microalbuminuria, and none had macroalbuminuria. Seven of nine lung transplant @entity1 had elevated plasma @entity1011 , and severely reduced glomerular filtration rate was significantly more frequent. CONCLUSIONS: A high frequency of @entity6 was found in @entity1 with insulin-treated @entity6 , stressing the need for a regular screening program as in type 1 @entity6 . Severely @entity8 was common in lung transplant @entity1 , probably secondary to @entity205 treatment.

title: @entity1577 -related @entity6 : the presence of microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['CF-related diabetes', 'diabetes', 'diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetes complications']


abstract: @entity11340 signaling plays a key role in induction of the @entity1238 mesoderm and endoderm. Using a @entity375 -based selection scheme, we isolated derri  re, a novel @entity11340 family member that is closely related to @entity37841 and that is required for normal mesodermal patterning, particularly in posterior regions of the embryo. Unlike @entity37841 , derri  re is expressed zygotically, with RNA localized to the future endoderm and mesoderm by late blastula, and to the posterior mesoderm by mid-gastrula. The derri  re expression pattern appears to be identical to the zygotic expression domain of @entity37842 ( @entity37842 , @entity37842 , @entity37842 ), and can be activated by @entity37842 as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In turn, derri  re activates expression of itself, @entity37842 and @entity37843 , suggesting that a regulatory loop exists between these genes. derri  re is a potent mesoderm and endoderm inducer, acting in a dose-dependent fashion. When misexpressed ventrally, derri  re induces a secondary axis lacking a head, an effect that is due to dorsalization of the ventral marginal zone. When misexpressed dorsally, derri  re suppresses head formation. derri  re can also posteriorize neurectoderm, but appears to do so indirectly. Together, these data suggest that derri  re expression is compatible only with posterior fates. In order to assess the in vivo function of derri  re, we constructed a dominant interfering Derri  re protein (Cm-Derri  re), which preferentially blocks Derri  re activity relative to that of other TGFbeta family members. Cm-derri  re expression in embryos leads to posterior truncation, including defects in blastopore lip formation, gastrulation and neural tube closure. Normal expression of anterior and hindbrain markers is observed; however, paraxial mesodermal gene expression is ablated. This phenotype can be rescued by wild-type derri  re and by @entity37842 . Our findings indicate that derri  re plays a crucial role in mesodermal patterning and development of posterior regions in @entity1238 .

title: derri  re: a @entity11340 family member required for posterior development in XXXX .

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: 1. To investigate the contribution of @entity11081 and ETB receptors, @entity460 responses to the ETB agonist, @entity13071 , to @entity1827 ( @entity1827 ) and to the @entity11081 antagonist, @entity11344 , were examined in primary cultured unpassaged vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from mesenteric vessels of 3, 9 and 17 week old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR), @entity35 and @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 using @entity593 methodology. 2. @entity13071 (10(-7) mol/L) and @entity1827 (10(-9) mol/L) increased [ @entity141 ]i in all strains and ages. Responses to @entity1827 and @entity13071 were blunted in 17 week SHR. @entity11344 significantly reduced @entity1827 -stimulated [ @entity141 ]i. In endothelium-denuded mesenteric vessels, @entity1827 and @entity13071 induced significant [ @entity141 ]i responses. 3. Binding of @entity1827 was significantly lower in mesenteric artery membranes from 17 week SHR compared to controls. 4. Thus, @entity11081 and ETB receptors are present in @entity35 mesenteric VSMC. In adult SHR, a reduced density of ET receptors results in decreased responses to @entity13071 and to @entity1827 .

title: @entity11081 and ETB receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells from mesenteric vessels of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The liver has a remarkable ability to regenerate in response to surgical removal or chemical insult. The mechanisms regulating regenerative processes are complex, and incompletely understood. A large number genes, which are not normally expressed in the quiescent liver, are activated. Immediately after partial hepatectomy (PH) (1-6 h), @entity842 (NO) is synthesized by liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells from @entity534 , via induction of the inducible form of @entity842 synthase ( @entity3623 ). NO is a highly reactive molecule, known to be involved in diverse biological processes in nearly all aspects of life. @entity409 is a major area within the field of NO research. Our review describes several processes that have been suggested to be modulated by the NO released following PH, including proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in the remnant tissue. Because @entity3623 up regulation has such profound physiologic effects, its regulation is strictly controlled. The up regulation of @entity3623 after PH and the subsequent production of NO induce positive effects on the regulation of early stages of the regenerative process. However, overproduction (> 100%) can have detrimental effects, including apoptosis. Thus, the @entity3623 induction after PH is necessary, and enough to allow for the normal regenerative process.

title: Role of ni XXXX n liver regeneration.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: As part of a survey on the work environment of bus drivers, 2045 (83%) of 2465 male bus drivers in the three major cities in Denmark in 1978 answered a postal questionnaire on health and working conditions. In order to evaluate the relative occurrence of peptic @entity1066 among the bus drivers, a follow-up study was also conducted. All hospital discharges with a peptic @entity1066 diagnosis among the bus drivers were registered from the Danish National @entity1 Register. All Danish @entity1 were used as reference group. On the basis of the 1978-questionnaire association between occupational and psychosocial factors and subsequent hospital discharge with a peptic @entity1066 diagnosis was studied. The prevalence of @entity490 alleviated by food intake was 12% among bus drivers and 6% in the reference group. The incidence of hospital discharge with duodenal @entity1066 among younger bus drivers was twice the incidence among Danish @entity1 in the same age group. The incidence of all manifestations of @entity10189 among bus drivers did not differ from the incidence among Danish @entity1 . Of occupational and psycho-social factors, wage dissatisfaction and smoking showed statistically significant association with hospital discharge with PU in a 6 3/4-year period. Job dissatisfaction, stress symptoms and lack of some social network factors tended to increase the risk of hospital discharge with PU.

title: Peptic XXXX among urban bus drivers in Denmark.

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: Fifty healthy Mexican @entity1 from 21 to 70 years of age volunteered to undergo radial bone densitometry. The bone density in ten @entity1 per decade was assessed at two sites in the radius of the nondominant forearm; one site was the distal radius at 5 mm of separation from the ulna and the other at one-third of the distal radius. @entity460 , inorganic @entity6546 and alkaline phosphatase were measured in serum samples and the @entity460 / @entity1011 ratio in fasting urine samples. Bone density at the distal radius was 360.6 +/- 36.2 mg/cm2, 369.8 +/- 47.9 mg/cm2 and 364.7 +/- 53.7 mg/cm2 in the 21-50 age group. There was no significant difference between these groups; the pooled value of all these samples was 365 +/- 46 mg/cm2. There was significant difference in the 51-60 age group, 290 +/- 48. mg/cm2 (p less than 0.01) and in the 61-70 age group. 277.9 +/- 49.9 mg/cm2 (p less than 0.01). Bone density at the one-third distal radius in the 21-20 age group was 696.3 +/- 60.9 mg/cm2; 31-40, 683.6 +/- 68.4 mg/cm2 and 41-50, 697.9 +/- 53.9 mg/cm2. There was no significant difference among these group; the pool of all these samples showed 692.6 +/- 59.6 mg/cm2. In the 51-60 age group it was 628.0 +/- 63.3 mg/cm2, a non significant difference. On the other hand, the density in the 61-70 group was 573.7 +/- 83.5 mg/cm2, significant (p less than 0.01) when compared to the 21-50 age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radial bone mineral content in healthy Mexican XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: This study evaluated recovery after a fixed dose of @entity1363 as induction agent and the influence of @entity5757 on recovery parameters in @entity1 undergoing day-case surgery (arthroscopy of the knee). In 40 unpremedicated @entity1 , anaesthesia was induced with @entity1363 0.2 mg/kg, @entity3369 0.1 mg/kg intravenously and 3 vol.% @entity5161 in @entity26 prior to intubation. Anaesthesia was maintained with @entity3810 66% in @entity26 and 0.9 vol.% @entity5161 . Ten minutes after the end of anaesthesia 20 @entity1 received 0.2 mg @entity5757 intravenously, followed by increments of 0.1 mg at 60 s intervals until eye opening. Recovery was assessed by the time to eye-opening, to answering five set questions correctly, and to recovering ocular balance (Maddox Wing test), and by comparing pre- and postoperative performance in a pencil and paper test (the p-deletion test). With the exception of ocular balance, all parameters showed a quicker improvement without side-effects in the @entity5757 group. After 4 h all @entity1 were fit for discharge. One month after the procedure, all @entity1 were satisfied with the anaesthesia. Full recovery took on average 1.5 days (range between 0 h-10 days). Whilst the technique employing a fixed dose of @entity1363 as induction agent gives satisfactory intraoperative anaesthesia for day-case arthroscopy, further improvement can be made with the use of @entity5757 which hastens recovery.

title: Recovery from fixed-dose @entity1363 -induced anaesthesia and antagonism with XXXX for outpatient arthroscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium bromide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity5757 :: (MESH:D005442,Chemical) :: ['flumazenil']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Growth factors control two important processes in infarcted tissue, ie, angiogenesis and @entity5219 . We recently reported that @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) might be involved in angiogenesis after @entity385 in @entity1 ; here we present data of an extensive study on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and its receptors. METHODS: We studied brain samples from @entity1 who suffered from @entity385 for the expression of mRNA encoding @entity6005 , @entity6006 , and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ). Proteins were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using the antibodies to PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, @entity675 , and @entity3820 . RESULTS: At the mRNA level, @entity6005 and @entity6006 were expressed mainly in neurons in penumbra. @entity3820 mRNA was strongly expressed in some astrocytes but mainly in type III/IV neurons in @entity1188 and penumbra. The least expression was seen in the contralateral hemisphere (P<.001). In contrast, both PDGF-AB and PDGF-BB immunoreactive products were present in most cell types: @entity675 and @entity3820 mainly on neurons, and @entity3820 on some endothelial cells, with less staining of all the isoforms in the contralateral hemisphere. On Western blots, PDGF-AB and -BB were expressed more within white matter than gray matter of @entity1188 /penumbra, whereas both isoforms of receptor were expressed mainly in gray matter compared with contralateral hemisphere. There was no or very weak expression of the receptor in white matter. CONCLUSIONS: PDGF proteins are highly expressed in white matter, suggesting that PDGF may exert its function in white matter participating either in regeneration of damaged axons or in @entity66 . PDGF-BB and its receptor expressed on microvessel endothelial cells might be involved in angiogenesis after @entity64 . Thus, PDGF is likely to be angiogenic and neuroprotective in @entity64 .

title: A putative role for platelet-derived growth factor in angiogenesis and neuroprotection after @entity385 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial scar formation']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGF-R', 'PDGF receptors', 'PDGF-R beta']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: To determine whether antimicrobial therapy is of value in the treatment of @entity102 media with effusion ( @entity2171 ), we treated 1,429 4- to 8-year-old @entity1 --2224 affected ears--with a fixed regimen of an antibiotic mixture ( @entity37249 ) for 10 days and a decongestant (Novafed) for 30 days. We observed the @entity1 monthly to determine the rate of clearance. Validity of diagnosis was greater than 90% with an algorithm of pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry. Medication compliance was not measured. At 1 month, 45% of the @entity1 (48% of the ears) had cleared and at 2 months, 60% of the @entity1 (63% of the ears) had cleared. Factors such as sex and prior treatment in the preceding 3 months were no different in the cured vs. the uncured groups. Age significantly influenced the cure rate (P less than 0.0001); the older the @entity1 , the higher the clearance rate. Tympanograms type 5, 8, and 12-14 were significantly more prevalent in the uncleared group (P = 0.0001). The clear rate for unilateral cases was 76% and for bilateral cases, 47% (P less than 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity102 media with effusion are most likely to be cured by medical therapy/time if they are older, have unilateral disease, or a peaked tympanogram. Surgery should be withheld in these @entity1 for 2 or more months to permit the highest rate of spontaneous resolution.

title: Medical treatment of @entity102 media with effusion ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['secretory otitis media']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic otitis']

entities_list: @entity37249 :: ('MESH:C041478', 'Chemical') :: ['Pediazole']

answer: @entity2171 :: (MESH:D010034,Disease) :: ['secretory otitis media']


abstract: @entity291 @entity10118 has been investigated with regard to its solution behavior, circular dichroism and 220 MHz PMR spectral properties. At pH 4.8 gamma/2=0.1 acetate buffer, light scattering yielded a Mr of 17 700 and a virial coefficient of 1.0-10(-4) mol-ml/g2. Above pH 7.0 the protein was found to aggregate to higher mol. wt species. Sedimentation experiments at pH 4.8 yielded s degrees 20,w of 1.27 S at gamma/2=0.1 and 1.46 S at gamma/2=0.35. The diffusion coefficient determined from ultracentrifugal experiments was 7.25-10(-7) cm2/s at gamma/2=0.1 and 0.35. The value of f/f0 from diffusion at pH 4.8 and gamma/2=0.35 was 1.64, corresponding to an axial ratio of 11 to 1. The radius of gyration was calculated as 4.28 nm and the root mean square end to end distance was 10.5 nm. At pH 9.0, gamma/2=0.1, s degrees 20,w was 1.71 S and D degrees 20,w was estimated at 7.4-10(-7) cm2/s. The behavior at pH 9.0 reverted to the behavior at pH 4.8 when the pH was readjusted. The E1%/1cm=5.64 at 276.4 nm and 225 at 196 nm. Titration of the protein with @entity23054 elicited three distinct regions of conformation stability having increasing helical content as the mol fraction of @entity23054 increased. The results of the present study have permitted some comparison of analogous properties and conformational behavior with the basic membrane protein @entity34139 .

title: Solution behavior, circular dichroism and 22 HMz PMR studies of the XXXX @entity10118 .

entities_list: @entity23054 :: ('MESH:D014270', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroethanol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Surgical repair of @entity397 aortic sinus of @entity439 was performed on six @entity1 . The NYHA functional class was I in one case, II in three and III in two cases. All @entity439 had @entity397 into the right atrium. Three originated from the right, and three from the non-coronary aortic sinus of Valsalva. The preoperative shunt was 55-200% (mean 118%) of the peripheral cardiac output. At aneurysmal repair, closure of secundum-type @entity118 was performed in one case and insertion of a St Jude Medical aortic valve in another. There were no perioperative @entity204 . Five @entity1 were asymptomatic in the follow-up period (5 months-17 years). One @entity1 died of @entity296 11 years postoperatively. The long-term results after surgical repair of @entity397 aortic sinus of @entity439 thus were good, and early operation is recommended in order to avoid @entity712 .

title: Surgical repair of XXXX aortic sinus of @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Valsalva aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['ruptured']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell @entity4222 plays an essential role in many biological processes, such as cancer @entity3 , wound healing and immune response. Cell @entity4222 is mediated through protrusion and @entity628 ( @entity628 ) assembly, maturation and disassembly. @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) is known to enhance @entity4222 rate in many cell types; however it is not known how @entity628 maturation, @entity628 dynamics and protrusion dynamics are regulated during @entity4179 -induced @entity4222 . Here we use total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and image analysis to quantify @entity628 properties and protrusion dynamics under different doses of @entity4179 stimulation. RESULTS: @entity4179 was found to broaden the distribution of cell @entity4222 rates, generating more fast and slow cells. Furthermore, groups based on @entity4179 stimulation condition or cell @entity4222 speed were marked by characteristic signatures. When data was binned based on @entity4179 stimulation conditions, @entity628 intensity and @entity628 number per cell showed the largest difference among stimulation groups. @entity628 intensity decreased with increasing @entity4179 concentration and @entity628 number per cell was highest under intermediate stimulation conditions. No difference in protrusion behavior was observed. However, when data was binned based on cell @entity4222 speed, @entity628 intensity and not @entity628 number per cell showed the largest difference among groups. @entity628 intensity was lower for fast migrating cells. Additionally, waves of protrusion tended to correlate with fast migrating cells. CONCLUSIONS: Only a portion of the @entity628 properties and protrusion dynamics that correlate with @entity4222 speed, correlate with @entity4179 stimulation condition. Those that do not correlate with @entity4179 stimulation condition constitute the most sensitive output for identifying why cells respond differently to @entity4179 . The idea that @entity4179 can both increase and decrease the @entity4222 speed of individual cells in a population has particular relevance to cancer @entity3 where the microenvironment can select subpopulations based on some adhesion and protrusion characteristics, leading to a more invasive phenotype as would be seen if all cells responded like an "average" cell.

title: Differences in adhesion and protrusion properties correlate with differences in @entity4222 speed under XXXX stimulation.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['Epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal adhesion', 'FA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity4179 :: (1950,Gene) :: ['EGF']


abstract: Previous experiments revealed that denervation impairs healing of the @entity11708 . This suggested the hypothesis that denervation would decrease repair-associated mRNA levels in the injured @entity11708 when compared with normally innervated injured @entity11708 . Adult, skeletally mature female @entity95 were assigned to one of four groups: unoperated control, femoral nerve transection alone (denervated controls), @entity11708 partial tear or denervated @entity11708 partial tear. At three days, two weeks, six weeks or sixteen weeks post-surgery, cohorts of 6 @entity95 from each experimental group were killed. Ligaments were harvested, RNA extracted and RT-PCR was performed using rabbitspecific primers. In the denervated injury group, mRNA levels for the angiogenesis-associated gene @entity28477 , matrix components Collagen I and III, growth factor TGF-beta and angiogenesis inhibitors @entity41487 , and TSP-1 had all increased by two-weeks post-injury, in comparison to the non-denervated injury group (p < or = 0.01). An increased level of TSP-1 mRNA was also detected in the denervated injured group at sixteen weeks post injury (p < or = 0.01). Contrary to the initial hypothesis, denervation led to increased mRNA levels for many relevant molecules during the early stages of @entity11708 healing. Thus, inappropriate timing of over-expression of some molecules may potentially contribute to the decreased quality of the scar tissue, particularly molecules such as TSP-1. Neuronal derived factors strongly influence the in vivo metabolic activity of ligament and scar fibroblasts in the initial phases of healing.

title: Denervation alters mRNA levels of repair-associated genes in a XXXX medial collateral ligament injury model.

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity4797 were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center during the years 1968-1988. Using the staging classification of Hussey, 69 @entity1 (82%) had Stage I, eight (10%) had Stage IIA, four (5%) had Stage IIB, one (1%) had Stage IIIA, and two (2%) had @entity5 . Sixty-nine @entity1 (82%) had classic @entity4797 , nine (11%) had @entity4797 and six (7%) had @entity2969 . Seventy-four @entity1 (88%) underwent high inguinal orchiectomy and ten (12%) had a scrotal approach. Seventy-five @entity1 (85%) were treated with postoperative irradiation. Stage I @entity1 received 26-30 Gy to the paraaortic and ipsilateral pelvic lymph nodes. Stage IIA @entity1 were treated in the same manner with a boost to the involved lymph nodes. With a mean follow-up of 97 months, 65 @entity1 (77%) are alive and well with no evidence of disease, 7 @entity1 (8%) are dead due to disease progression. The 5-, 10-, 15-, and 20-year actuarial survival for all @entity1 was 90%, and for early stage @entity1 94%. Eight @entity1 (14%) relapsed; 3 of them were salvaged by chemotherapy. Serious side effects of irradiation included lethal @entity1576 due to @entity1732 -induced @entity3794 in one @entity1 , peptic ulcer in three @entity1 , @entity3041 due to paraureteral @entity82 in one @entity1 and recurrent @entity8442 in one @entity1 . Eight @entity1 (10%) developed nine second @entity5 , three of them within the previous radiation field.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : 20-year experience at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (1968-1988).

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'Stage IIIB disease']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity2969 :: ('MESH:C563236', 'Disease') :: ['spermatocytic seminoma']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic seminoma', 'testicular seminoma', 'pure seminoma']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['Testicular seminoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central nervous system-depressant (CNS-Ds) drugs can impair cognitive functions and driving. They are also the most common drugs taken in @entity1445 in hospital-treated episodes of self-poisoning. In Australia most of these @entity1 are discharged within 48 h, while they still have possible subclinical drug effects. We aimed to determine whether @entity1 treated for self-poisoning with CNS-Ds are impaired in the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 , parts A and B), a neuropsychological test that is known to correlate with driving performance. METHODS: This study was a conducted from November 2008 to April 2011 in a referral center for poisonings in New South Wales, Australia. One hundred seven @entity1 discharged from the clinical toxicology unit following treatment for self-poisoning of CNS-Ds ( @entity1245 , atypical antipsychotics, or opioids) and a control group of 68 discharged following self-poisoning of non-CNS-depressant drugs ( @entity1443 or nonsedating antidepressants) were tested with the @entity1062 (parts A and B). Due to the known association of @entity73 and increased risk of traffic accidents, performance less than the 10th percentile for age was defined as significant impairment in each part of the @entity1062 . The odds ratio (OR) for impairment in each part was calculated in multivariate logistic regression (MLR) models adjusted for gender, education, IQ, and the presence of a major @entity146 . A secondary MLR analysis was conducted only for those @entity1 (78 CNS-D and 54 control group @entity1 ) who were directly discharged home, after excluding those who were transferred for further @entity146 care. RESULTS: The odds of impairment in the CNS-D group was 2.8 times that of the control group on the @entity1062 -A (38 [35.5%] vs. 11 [16.2%]: adjusted OR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-5.97), and 4.6 times on the @entity1062 -B (67 [62.6%] vs. 22 [32.4%]: adjusted OR = 4.63, 95% CI: 2.06-10.42). The results were similar in the subgroup of @entity1 discharged home, and the odds of impairment in the CNS-D group was 3.3 times that of the control group on the @entity1062 -A (25 [32.1%] vs. 7 [13.0%]: adjusted OR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.28-8.52), and 3.6 times on the @entity1062 -B (46 [59.0%] vs. 17 [31.5%]: adjusted OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.44-9.20). @entity1062 -B impairment in the CNS-D group remained significant even after adjusting for @entity1062 -A performance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with CNS-D @entity1445 may have significant @entity73 underlying driving at the time of discharge from hospitals. Clinicians should warn these @entity1 that their driving skills might still be impaired, even if they are considered clinically recovered and advise them not to drive during the first 1 to 2 days following discharge.

title: Cognitive skills underlying driving in XXXX discharged following self-poisoning with central nervous system depressant drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment in cognitive skills', 'impaired TMT with driving impairment']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['TMT', 'Trail-Making Test']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We reviewed 12 @entity1 who had undergone curative or non-curative nephrectomy for @entity1358 invading adjacent organs (stage T4). 83 @entity1 with @entity1358 confined within the perirenal fascia (T1-T3) who had undergone nephrectomy served as controls. Of the 12 @entity1 with T4 @entity5 6 had undergone simultaneous excision of involved adjacent organs (hemicolectomy in 4, resection of the tail of pancreas in 5, splenectomy in 2). At operation 6 @entity1 with T4 @entity5 had distant @entity3 , 3 had fixed lymph node @entity3 , and 4 had @entity5 extension into the main renal vein or vena cava. Although T4 @entity5 had distant or fixed lymph node @entity3 more frequently than T1-T3 @entity5 , the incidence of gross @entity5 thrombus showed no such difference between T3 and T4 @entity5 . Postoperative follow-up of @entity1 with T4 @entity5 showed that local recurrence developed within 9 months in 3 of 5 @entity1 who had undergone curative excision, new distant @entity3 developed within 6 months in 5 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 died of @entity810 in the early convalescence, 10 @entity1 died of the disease within 12 months and 1 died of the disease in 31 months. Pathological examination showed that T4 @entity5 tended to be classified as grade 3, to extend in an infiltrating fashion and to have a sarcomatoid structure. @entity1 who had a @entity5 where these three histological features were dominant died to @entity5 within 3 months after nephrectomy. These results indicate that curative excision of @entity1358 is not only difficult, but frequently associated with early local recurrence and new distant @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of curative or non-curative nephrectomy for XXXX invading adjacent organs].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'T4 renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The traditional treatment for @entity189 is orbital exenteration followed by radiation therapy. However, orbital exenteration does not prevent distant relapse and @entity204 , and some @entity1 experience local-regional recurrence after exenteration. More recently, eye-sparing surgery and adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy have gained popularity in the treatment of @entity189 . Preliminary studies show that these approaches are associated with reasonable local control rates and @entity2194 profiles. In this review, we discuss recent studies of treatment of @entity189 , including studies of potential molecular treatment targets. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies suggest promising results for neoadjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy followed by orbital exenteration and adjuvant intravenous chemotherapy, but only in @entity1 with an 'intact lacrimal artery'. Recent studies of globe-sparing surgery followed by adjuvant proton radiation therapy or concurrent chemoradiation suggest good local control, reasonable rates of eye preservation, and low risk of serious ocular toxic effects. Larger @entity5 size and predominant basaloid histology seem to be associated with higher risk of local-regional recurrence and distant @entity3 . One study showed oncogenic mutations in more than half of cases of @entity2347 , with @entity984 mutations in 10 of 24 @entity1 , suggesting potential benefit of treatments targeting the @entity470 -RAS-RAF cascade. SUMMARY: In selected @entity1 with @entity189 , eye-sparing surgery with eye-sparing radiation therapy offers preservation of visual function with good local control and minimal radiation-induced ocular toxic effects. In @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic disease, a search for actionable @entity5 -associated mutations may be prudent.

title: Current treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['lacrimal gland carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['lacrimal gland carcinoma']


abstract: Elderly @entity308 @entity1 often require an average of 12 weeks of pharmacotherapy before attaining remission. The delay between treatment initiation and remission may decrease compliance and prolongs suffering; hence, interventions that decrease the time to onset of antidepressant activity are needed. Our objective was to evaluate, in an open trial, the use of one night of @entity1949 combined with @entity903 to accelerate antidepressant response in elderly @entity1 . Thirteen elderly @entity1 with @entity308 were sleep-deprived for one night and started @entity903 on the night of recovery sleep. @entity1 were followed for twelve weeks, and clinical improvement was rated using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and a version of the Hamilton modified for sleep deprivation studies. 8/13 (62%) @entity1 experienced significant improvement of @entity308 symptoms by 2 weeks. Within 12 weeks 11/13 (85%) @entity1 responded to the @entity1949 and @entity903 . Median response time was 2 weeks. Clinical response at 12 weeks was correlated with changes in Sleep Deprivation Depression Rating Scale Scores between baseline and recovery sleep. In an open trial, the combined use of @entity1949 and @entity903 appears to be an effective method for speeding the onset of clinical antidepressant activity in geriatric @entity308 and for improving early recognition of non-response.

title: Accelerating response in geriatric XXXX : a pilot study combining sleep deprivation and @entity903 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression', 'major depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['combination of sleep deprivation', 'total sleep deprivation']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Conventional @entity902 coils cause imaging artifacts that reduce imaging quality and therefore impair imaging interpretation on intraprocedural or noninvasive follow-up imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate imaging characteristics and artifact production of polymeric coils compared with standard @entity902 coils in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymeric coils and standard @entity902 coils were evaluated in vitro with the use of 2 identical @entity6619 @entity439 models coiled with a packing attenuation of 20% each. DSA, flat panel CT, CT, and MR imaging were performed. In vivo evaluation of imaging characteristics of polymeric coils was performed in experimentally created @entity95 carotid bifurcation @entity439 . DSA, CT/CTA, and MR imaging were performed after endovascular treatment of the @entity439 . Images were evaluated regarding visibility of individual coils, coil mass, artifact production, and visibility of residual flow within the @entity439 . RESULTS: Overall, in vitro and in vivo imaging showed relevantly reduced artifact production of polymeric coils in all imaging modalities compared with standard @entity902 coils. Image quality of CT and MR imaging was improved with the use of polymeric coils, which permitted enhanced depiction of individual coil loops and residual @entity439 lumen as well as the peri-aneurysmal area. Remarkably, CT images demonstrated considerably improved image quality with only minor artifacts compared with standard coils. On DSA, polymeric coils showed transparency and allowed visualization of superimposed vessel structures. CONCLUSIONS: This initial experimental study showed improved imaging quality with the use of polymeric coils compared with standard @entity902 coils in all imaging modalities. This might be advantageous for improved intraprocedural imaging for the detection of complications and posttreatment noninvasive follow-up imaging.

title: In vitro and in vivo imaging characteristics assessment of polymeric coils compared with standard XXXX coils for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether @entity1 with @entity173 with high positive affect had better functioning than those with low positive affect or @entity308 in three performance-based measures over 2 years after the @entity174 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study with assessments at baseline and 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months posthospitalization. SETTING: Community. @entity1 : Four hundred thirty-two @entity1 , aged 65 and older, hospitalized for @entity173 in Baltimore, Maryland, between 1990 and 1991. MEASUREMENTS: High and low positive affect and @entity308 were based on baseline Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, usual and rapid walking speed, one chair stand, demographic factors, comorbidities, and history of @entity73 . RESULTS: At each follow-up point, respondents with high positive affect at baseline (36% of sample) had faster walking and chair stand speeds than those with low positive affect (13%) and @entity308 (51%). For example, at 6 months, the mean usual walking pace was 0.4 m/s ( @entity2246 ( @entity2246 )=0.02) for respondents with high positive affect, versus 0.4 m/s ( @entity2246 =0.03) and 0.35 m/s ( @entity2246 =0.02) for @entity1 with low positive affect and @entity308 , respectively; adjusted differences were 0.02 (95% confidence interval (CI)=-0.06-0.09) and 0.06 (95% CI=0.01-0.11). Respondents with high positive affect appeared to achieve their maximum improvement in usual pace approximately 6 months before other respondents, but this interaction was not statistically significant. Respondents with consistently high positive affect had the best functioning over the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: High positive affect seems to have a beneficial influence on performance-based functioning after @entity173 .

title: Elderly @entity1 with XXXX with positive affect have better functional recovery over 2 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity614 is typically characterized by neurologic symptoms that are traced to disturbances of discrete spinal nerve root(s) due to inflammatory or mechanical etiologies. Here we present three @entity1 diagnosed with @entity614 , whose directional preference only surfaced after either a cervical transforaminal or intralaminar nerve root epidural @entity134 injection. This retrospective observational case series describes three @entity1 who presented with @entity614 with 7-9/10 neck @entity158 , @entity717 ( @entity717 ) ranging between 44% and 90%, and an irreducible derangement upon McKenzie mechanical diagnosis and therapy (MMDT) evaluation. These @entity1 demonstrated weaknesses, sensory changes, and/or decreased reflexes in the C5, C6, or C7 distributions. They each underwent a cervical transforaminal or intralaminar epidural injections at one or two levels, which uncovered their directional preference and facilitated further conservative treatment. These three @entity1 experienced drastic improvements with each postinjection physical therapy session. They demonstrated @entity158 scores, centralization of @entity158 , and a decreasing @entity717 trends throughout their treatments. They were all discharged with stable 0-3/10 @entity158 severity after four physical therapy sessions and @entity717 scores of 0%. These cases suggest an interplay between inflammatory and mechanical contributors to spine-mediated @entity158 and the treatment challenge this presents. Dissecting the components of @entity158 can be challenging; however, delivery of skilled multidisciplinary care in an algorithmic fashion may be beneficial and provide the future framework for the management of @entity614 and other spine-related conditions.

title: Directional preference following epidural @entity134 injection in three XXXX with @entity614 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spine pain', 'pain', 'decreased pain']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'neck disability index']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['Cervical radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The sticktight flea, (Echidnophaga gallinacea), a major pest of the domestic @entity1573 ( @entity1573 ) that can cause severe @entity4122 or @entity204 if untreated, is rarely recorded in free-living avian species. Sticktight fleas, however, were observed on the federally threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) in February 2004, in south central Florida. Of the 81 Florida scrub-jays (FSJs) sampled before the 2004 breeding season, 12 were infested, with from 1 to as many as 57 fleas. Subsequent survivorship and variation in health indices led us to conclude that the sticktight flea caused the @entity204 of several jays. Within 4 mo, 46% of sticktight flea-infested (INF) jays died, whereas in the @entity277 ( @entity277 ) jays, only 5.9% died. Adult INF birds lost body mass in the time since a previous capture compared with @entity277 jays, and mass gain was slowed in 1-yr-old INF jays. Hematocrit of INF jays was dramatically impacted, as low as 17%, and was negatively correlated with the extent of @entity277 . Leukocyte counts were highest in INF jays; however, plasma immunoglobulin levels were lowest. Physiological stress levels, measured using plasma @entity2819 , increased more rapidly in INF jays than @entity277 jays and were positively correlated with heterophil/lymphocyte ratios. The impact of the sticktight flea on the federally threatened FSJ negates previous findings that sticktight fleas are benign in wild avian hosts.

title: An introduced generalist parasite, the sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea), and its XXXX in the threatened Florida scrub-jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens).

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['pathology']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['NINF', 'nonflea-infested', 'infestation']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus', 'chicken']

answer: @entity4122 :: (MESH:D004108,Disease) :: ['pathology']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dynamic expression of @entity36624 in @entity35 model of @entity1575 and hepatic stellate cells induced by @entity1810 . METHOD: Thirty male SD @entity35 were divided into control group (n = 6) and model group (n = 24). The @entity35 model of @entity1575 was established by intraperitoneal injection of @entity1232 ( @entity1233 ). The sera were collected from portal vein and liver tissues were taken from animals 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks HSC-T6 cells were cultured and induced 48 hours by 5 ng/ml @entity1810 . The pathological changes of liver were observed by @entity1710 -Eosin and Masson Staining. Reverse Transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western-blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of @entity36624 , @entity1810 and a-SMA in @entity35 models and HSC-T6 cells and the localization of @entity36624 in @entity35 models. RESULTS: @entity35 models of @entity1575 were successfully established. @entity36624 was lowly stained in the wall of blood vessels in portal areas in normal livers, in fibrotic livers @entity36624 was mainly stained along the fibrotic septum. The mRNA and protein expressions of @entity36624 and a-SMA in @entity35 models of @entity1575 increased at the week 2 and peaked at week 6, which was statistical significance compared to control group, P < 0.05; @entity1810 increased at week 2 and it was higher than the levels in other groups at week 4, which was statistical significance compared to control group P < 0.05; Correlation analysis showed that @entity36624 positively correlated with a-SMA and @entity1810 , rs = 0.688, rs = 0.692, P < 0.01. In HSC-T6, the mRNA expressions of @entity36624 and a-SMA increased after being induced by @entity1810 . compare with control group, the differences were significant, P less than 0.05. CONCLUSION: @entity36624 may be playing an important role in the occurrence and development of @entity1575 . Maybe it could become a potential therapeutic target for @entity1575 .

title: [Dynamic expression of tropomyosin 1 in XXXX model of @entity1575 and hepatic stellate cells].

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis', 'hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Various stem cell types have been tested for their potential application in treating @entity179 , such as @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) and @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). Only embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have so far been shown to generate functional photoreceptor cells restoring light response of photoreceptor-deficient @entity19 , but there is still some concern of @entity5 formation. In this study, we have successfully cultured Nestin(+)Sox2(+)Pax6(+) multipotent retinal stem cells (RSCs) from the adult @entity19 retina, which are capable of producing functional photoreceptor cells that restore the light response of photoreceptor-deficient @entity27763 mutant @entity19 following transplantation. After they have been expanded for over 35 passages in the presence of FGF and EGF, the cultured RSCs still maintain stable proliferation and differentiation potential. Under proper differentiation conditions, they can differentiate into all the major retinal cell types found in the adult retina. More importantly, they can efficiently differentiate into photoreceptor cells under optimized differentiation conditions. Following transplantation into the subretinal space of slowly degenerating @entity41905 mutant eyes, RSC-derived photoreceptor cells integrate into the retina, morphologically resembling endogenous photoreceptors and forming synapases with resident retinal neurons. When transplanted into eyes of photoreceptor-deficient @entity27763 mutant @entity19 , a @entity6391 model, RSC-derived photoreceptors can partially restore light response, indicating that those RSC-derived photoreceptors are functional. Finally, there is no evidence for @entity5 formation in the photoreceptor-transplanted eyes. Therefore, this study has demonstrated that RSCs isolated from the adult retina have the potential of producing functional photoreceptor cells that can potentially restore lost vision caused by loss of photoreceptor cells in @entity6391 and @entity1020 .

title: Multipotent stem cells isolated from the adult XXXX retina are capable of producing functional photoreceptor cells.

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['age-related macular degeneration', 'AMD']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity884 related to pacemaker (PM)-lead infection is a rare but serious complication of permanent transvenous pacing. To determine in which situations the diagnosis should be evoked and to determine optimal management, we reviewed our experience with @entity884 related to PM-lead infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were admitted for @entity884 related to PM-lead infection. The presentation was acute in 14 @entity1 , with onset of symptoms in the first 6 weeks after the last procedure on the implant site, and chronic in 38 @entity1 . @entity221 occurred in 86.5%. Clinical and/or radiological evidences of @entity358 were observed in 38.4%. Pulmonary scintigraphy disclosed @entity8995 in 31.2%. Local complications were found in 51.9%. Elevated @entity1851 was found in 96.2%. A germ was isolated in 88.4% of @entity1 and was a Staphylococcus in 93.5%. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated @entity47 in only 23% of @entity1 , whereas transesophageal echocardiography disclosed abnormal appearances on the PM lead in 94%. We systematically tried to ablate all the material. Two techniques were used: percutaneous ablation or surgical removal during extracorporeal circulation. All @entity1 were treated with antibiotics after removal of the infected material. Two @entity1 died before lead removal and 2 after surgical removal; the predischarge mortality was 7.6%, and the overall mortality was 26.9% after a follow-up of 20.1+/-13 months. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity884 related to PM-lead infection should be suspected in the presence of @entity221 , complications, or @entity358 after PM insertion. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed to look for @entity47 . Staphylococci are involved in the majority of these infections. The endocardial system must be entirely removed and appropriate antibiotic therapy pursued for 6 weeks.

title: Systemic infection related to XXXX on pacemaker leads: clinical presentation and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity8995 :: ('MESH:D054060', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infarcts']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary involvement', 'pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis', 'Endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['endocarditis']


abstract: This paper deals with bilateral vascularized fibular grafts (BVFG) as a method for reconstruction of metadiaphyseal defects of the femur and @entity2091 in young @entity1 suffering from @entity3478 of the lower limb. This reconstructional technique was used in 11 @entity1 undergoing metadiaphyseal resection of lower limb @entity3478 . All @entity1 with @entity2828 and @entity421 had multimodal treatment according to the @entity7634 -E.W.I.N.G 99 or COSS-96 protocol. Median FU was 63 months. None of the @entity1 experienced local recurrence during FU. 2 @entity1 died due to distant disease during FU. Full weight- bearing was permitted after a mean of 8 months. The median MSTS score was 87%. Complications occurred in five @entity1 . None of the complications led to failure of the biological reconstruction or to amputation. Biological reconstruction of osseous defects is always desirable when possible and aims at a permanent solution. Good functional and durable results can be obtained by using BVFG for the reconstruction of metadiaphyseal defects of the femur and @entity2091 . Radiotherapy in the multimodal setting increases the risk for graft or fixation failure.

title: Bilateral fibular graft: biological reconstruction after resection of primary XXXX of the lower limb.

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['malignant bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity3478 :: (MESH:D001859,Disease) :: ['malignant bone tumors']


abstract: Symptoms and signs of @entity272 are common. These conditions can have a considerable impact on quality of life, restricting physical activities and causing difficulty in everyday activities and may also affect social, @entity458 . There are no standardized measures routinely used to assess the impact of @entity66 on daily life. To report outcome measures used in clinically based @entity23 ( @entity23 ) investigating therapeutic interventions in @entity66 . The Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases were searched to identify @entity272 written in English. Studies with laboratory tests or survival rates as the primary outcome, or those investigating menopausal symptoms or @entity281 were excluded. Twenty-eight published @entity23 were included. The @entity558 represented were @entity2411 (n = 14), @entity3854 (n = 9), @entity5436 (n = 2), vulval @entity111 (n = 2) and lichen planus (n = 1). The 28 @entity23 measured 25 different outcomes, using 49 different scales. The method of outcome assessment was lacking on nine occasions. Only 21% (six of 28) of included trials had a clearly stated primary outcome. @entity1 -reported outcomes were more commonly reported than clinician-related outcome measures. The most commonly reported @entity1 -rated outcome measure was a reduction in @entity158 (measured 15 times) and an overall improvement in symptoms using a @entity1 global assessment (measured 11 times). The most commonly reported clinician-rated outcome was an overall assessment of the appearance of affected sites (measured 13 times). There were no agreed standard scales used for the global assessments. Only nine of the recorded outcome measure tools were designed to assess @entity66 or sexual functioning, the remainder were general measures. There is heterogeneity in the outcome measures used when reporting therapeutic interventions in @entity66 . This field of dermatology would benefit from development of a vulval-specific outcome measure and the establishment of a core outcome measure set.

title: Outcome measures for XXXX : a systematic review of @entity23 .

entities_list: @entity3854 :: ('MESH:D018459', 'Disease') :: ['lichen sclerosus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['vulval conditions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vulval disease']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychosexual and psychological well-being']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['vulval skin disorders', 'RCTs of vulval skin conditions']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vulval intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['vulval skin conditions']


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the sensitivities of preoperative localisation modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arteriography and arterial stimulation venous sampling (ASVS) using serum insulin and C-peptide gradients to intraoperative techniques in localising insulin-secreting @entity5 in our institution. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity9608 , aged 20-66 years, who presented from 1997 to 2004, were studied retrospectively. All @entity1 underwent ASVS where C-peptide and/or insulin gradients were calculated. The results were compared with the preoperative findings of CT, MRI, arteriography, as well as intraoperative ultrasound and palpation. RESULTS: Intraoperative ultrasound with palpation correctly localised 10 of the 11 @entity5 with a sensitivity of 91%. Sensitivities of other localisation techniques were lower: 31% by CT, 50% by MRI, and 46% by arteriography. ASVS with insulin gradients alone allowed accurate localisation in 40% of @entity1 while localisation using only C-peptide gradients of more than 2 was 43%. The @entity9608 , measuring 10-30 mm, were successfully removed in 13 @entity1 --6 from the body, 4 from the tail, 2 from the head and 1 from the junction of the body and tail. All except 1 were cured by selective surgery and remained free of hypoglycaemia over the next 2-60 months of follow-up. One @entity1 had @entity409 from a @entity5 and remained asymptomatic with medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative ultrasound with palpation is a highly sensitive method for the localisation of @entity9608 compared with other preoperative localisation techniques.

title: Intraoperative ultrasound with palpation is still superior to intra-arterial calcium stimulation test in localising XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant insulinoma', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'proven insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['left lobectomy due to liver metastases']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinoma']


abstract: Most @entity1 @entity5 over-express receptors for growth factors and peptide hormones, which are being increasingly studied as a means to selectively deliver cytotoxic agents. An example being the @entity8282 ( @entity8282 , @entity8282 ). Here, we studied expression levels and location of @entity8282 in different lung epithelial cell types (i.e., bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells) by flow-cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Furthermore, we assessed uptake levels and @entity137 of @entity69 (Tf)-conjugated liposomes in vitro. @entity8282 was found to be expressed at a significantly higher level in bronchial epithelial cells compared with their alveolar counterparts. Cells of cancerous origin (i.e., A549 cell line) showed a higher @entity8282 expression level than healthy alveolar epithelial type II cells in primary culture. CLSM revealed @entity8282 to be located primarily at the basolateral aspect of cells, with the exception of cells undergoing mitotic proliferation, which also showed @entity8282 at their apical membranes, due to their loss of cell polarity. Higher expression levels of @entity8282 correlated well with enhanced uptake of Tf-liposomes and increased levels of @entity137 . Liposome uptake was temperature-dependent and inhibitable by excess free Tf. Tf-conjugated liposomes appear as good candidates for an approach to deliver cytostatic drugs to sites of @entity2 by inhalation.

title: In vitro assessment of XXXX -conjugated liposomes as drug delivery systems for inhalation therapy of @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity8282 :: ('7037', 'Gene') :: ['TfR', 'CD71', 'transferrin receptor']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity417 is a common and significant complication of chemotherapy treatment. Blood transfusion and administration of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents (ESAs) either alone or in combination with @entity68 are the most widely used therapeutic options. In Greece, ESAs are among the top ten therapeutic groups with the highest pharmaceutical expenditure, since they are fully reimbursed by social security funds. The objective of the study is to determine potential cost savings related with the use of biosimilar over originator ESAs for the management of the newly diagnosed chemotherapy-induced anemic @entity1 . METHODS: A budget impact analysis has been carried through the elaboration of national epidemiological, clinical and economic data. Epidemiological data derived from WHO (GLOBOCAN) and the European @entity417 Survey. Clinical data reflect oncology @entity1 ' disease management. ESAs consumption was based on data from the biggest social security fund (IKA). The administration of ESAs under different dosing schemes and time periods has been estimated by separating them in originators and biosimilars as well as by classifying anaemic @entity1 in responders and non-responders. Cost analysis is based on newly diagnosed @entity1 ' alternative treatment scenarios. Treatment costs and prices are used in 2012 values. The Social Security Funds's perspective was undertaken. RESULTS: Based on the annual incidence rates, 2.551 newly diagnosed chemotherapy-induced anemic @entity1 are expected to be treated with ESAs. Average cost of treatment on originators ESAs for responders is    2.887 for the 15-week ESAs treatment and    5.019 for non-responders, while on biosimilars    2.623 and    4.009 respectively. Treatment cost on biosimilars is 10.1% lower than originators for responders and 25.2% for non-responders. Budget impact estimates show that treating anemic @entity1 with originator ESAs was estimated at    10.084.800 compared to    8.460.119 when biosimilar ESAs were used, leading to an overall 19,20% cost reduction favoring biosimilars. CONCLUSION: In Greece, the treatment on biosimilar ESAs seems to be a cost saving option over originators for the newly diagnosed chemotherapy-induced anemic @entity1 , since it corresponds to 5% of the annual overall consumption and expands @entity1 ' access to ESAs treatment. Health care decision making should rely on evidence based treatments in order to achieve social funds' sustainability in an era of economic recession.

title: Budget impact analysis on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents use for the management of chemotherapy-induced XXXX in Greece.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Cancer Anaemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anaemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the potential of gene expression signatures to predict response to treatment in locally advanced cervical @entity5 treated with definitive chemotherapy and radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Tissue biopsies were collected from @entity1 participating in Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0128, a phase II trial evaluating the benefit of @entity12698 in addition to @entity900 chemotherapy and radiation for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . Gene expression profiling was done and signatures of pretreatment, mid-treatment (before the first implant), and "changed" gene expression patterns between pre- and mid-treatment samples were determined. The ability of the gene signatures to predict local control versus local failure was evaluated. Two-group t test was done to identify the initial gene set separating these end points. Supervised classification methods were used to enrich the gene sets. The results were further validated by leave-one-out and 2-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 had suitable material from pretreatment samples for analysis, and 13 paired pre- and mid-treatment samples were obtained. The changed gene expression signatures between the pre- and mid-treatment biopsies predicted response to treatment, separating @entity1 with local failures from those who achieved local control with a seven-gene signature. The in-sample prediction rate, leave-one-out prediction rate, and 2-fold prediction rate are 100% for this seven-gene signature. This signature was enriched for cell cycle genes. CONCLUSIONS: Changed gene expression signatures during therapy in cervical @entity5 can predict outcome as measured by local control. After further validation, such findings could be applied to direct additional therapy for cervical @entity5 @entity1 treated with chemotherapy and radiation.

title: Changes in gene expression predicting local control in cervical XXXX : results from Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0128.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The health condition of out-migrating juvenile salmonids can influence migration success. Physical damage, pathogenic infection, contaminant exposure, and immune system status can affect survival probability. The present study is part of a wider investigation of out-migration success in juvenile steelhead ( @entity5660 ) and focuses on the application of molecular profiling to assess sublethal effects of environmental stressors in field-collected fish. We used a suite of genes in @entity5660 to specifically assess responses that could be directly related to steelhead health condition during out-migration. These biomarkers were used on juvenile steelhead captured in the Snake River, a tributary of the Columbia River, in Washington, USA, and were applied on gill and anterior head kidney tissue to assess immune system responses, pathogen-defense (NRAMP, Mx, @entity36613 ), general stress (HSP70), metal-binding ( @entity36614 ), and xenobiotic metabolism (Cyp1a1) utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Upon capture, fish were ranked according to visual external physical conditions into good, fair, poor, and bad categories; gills and kidney tissues were then dissected and preserved for gene analyses. Transcription responses were tissue-specific for gill and anterior head kidney with less significant responses in gill tissue than in kidney. Significant differences between the condition ranks were attributed to NRAMP, MX, @entity36613 , and Cyp1a1 responses. Gene profiling correlated gene expression with pathogen presence, and results indicated that gene profiling can be a useful tool for identifying specific pathogen types responsible for disease. Principal component analysis (PCA) further correlated these responses with specific health condition categories, strongly differentiating good, poor, and bad condition ranks. We conclude that molecular profiling is an informative and useful tool that could be applied to indicate and monitor numerous population-level parameters of management interest.

title: Transcription profiling in environmental diagnostics: health assessments in Columbia River basin steelhead ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss', 'O. mykiss']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['Oncorhynchus mykiss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 @entity1 respond less favorably to revascularization and have poorer long-term outcomes. Our main aim was to evaluate the angiographic efficacy of XIENCE V ( @entity2239 -eluting stent, or EES) in @entity6 @entity1 compared with TAXUS Libert   ( @entity1311 -eluting stent, or @entity36718 ). METHODS: The SPIRIT V @entity6 Study was a prospective, single-blind, randomized study that enrolled 324 @entity6 (insulin and non-insulin dependent) @entity1 at 28 sites in Europe and Asia Pacific. Randomization was 2:1 between EES (n = 218) and @entity36718 (n = 106). The primary end point was sequential noninferiority and superiority of EES for in-stent late loss at 9 months. Secondary clinical end points included stent @entity715 , @entity204 , @entity583 , and revascularization rates up to 1 year. RESULTS: @entity2239 -eluting stent was superior to @entity36718 for in-stent late loss at 9 months (0.19 mm vs 0.39 mm, respectively; P(superiority) = .0001). The composite rate of @entity204 , @entity583 , and target vessel revascularization was the same in the 2 groups at 1 year (16.3% vs 16.4%). No stent @entity715 (Academic Research Consortium definite and probable) were seen through 1 year with EES compared with 2 of 104 (2%) with @entity36718 (P = .11). CONCLUSION: In this prospective, randomized trial in a high-risk group of @entity6 @entity1 , implantation of EES compared with @entity36718 resulted in significantly better inhibition of intimal @entity1373 with a comparable safety outcome.

title: The SPIRIT V @entity6 study: a randomized clinical evaluation of the XIENCE V @entity2239 -eluting stent vs the TAXUS Libert   XXXX -eluting stent in @entity6 @entity1 with de novo coronary artery lesions.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: PURPOSE: Anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody is effective for @entity984 wild-type metastatic @entity14 (mCRC), but frequently causes several adverse reactions, including @entity1272 and @entity272 . The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the incidence of adverse reactions and therapeutic effects in mCRC patients receiving anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody in combination with first-line chemotherapy. METHODS: Forty-three mCRC @entity1 who received cetuximab or panitumumab between April 2012 and December 2015 were the subjects of the present study. All @entity1 were pretreated with oral @entity1214 in combination with skin treatment using moisturizer for prevention of @entity1910 . @entity1272 and @entity1910 were graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. Overall response rate (ORR) and time to treatment failure (TTF) were compared between @entity1 with and without these adverse events. RESULTS: The incidence rates of @entity1272 and @entity1910 were 32.6  % (grade 1: 20.9  %, grade 2: 11.6  %) and 93.0  % (grade 1: 41.9  %, grade 2: 41.9  %, grade 3: 9.3  %), respectively. ORR was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1272 than in those without it (71.4 vs 34.5  %, P  =  0.048). Median TTF tended to be longer, though not significantly, in @entity1 with @entity1272 than in those without it. However, no significant difference in both ORR and median TTF was observed between @entity1 with and without @entity1910 . CONCLUSION: @entity1272 may become a predicting factor for therapeutic effects of anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody in mCRC @entity1 .

title: @entity1272 is a reliable predictor for efficacy of anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibody used in combination with first-line chemotherapy for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform rash', 'skin rash']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia', 'Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disorders']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the occurrence and outcome of a severe late-onset @entity130 of a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap with loss of central flap tissue. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 40-year-old @entity1 underwent uncomplicated bilateral LASIK surgery, followed 5 years later by an enhancement procedure in both eyes. @entity2194 with a power sander occurred 6 years after LASIK and 1 year after the enhancement procedure. The flap was found to have an almost complete tear from the nasal hinge and a central tissue defect. After irrigating, repositioning, and stabilizing the flap with 2 nylon sutures, a bandage contact lens was placed. The @entity1 was treated with topical antibiotic and @entity134 drops. Stage 2 @entity1036 developed, which responded to topical treatment. Ten weeks after injury, the @entity1 regained an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20-1. CONCLUSION: Late-onset @entity130 to the LASIK flap can result in flap dehiscence and tissue loss. Prompt and appropriate management can lead to an excellent visual outcome even in severely traumatized dislocated LASIK flaps.

title: Late-onset XXXX with central tissue loss of laser in situ keratomileusis flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse lamellar keratitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic dislocation', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['traumatic dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity978 commonly affects @entity1 of reproductive age. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) typically delivers a dose of 2000-4000 centigray (cGy) to the ovaries, which invariably results in @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ) and @entity249 unless the ovaries are shielded. Transposition of the ovaries at staging laparotomy has had mixed success and may be remote in time from pelvic radiation. METHODS: A laparoscopic technique has been described that allows transposition of the ovaries just prior to pelvic radiation. This is a report of the outcome of 12 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic oophoropexy at the University of Florida from 1989 to 1995. Two were excluded from analysis, because one died and the other had a second @entity5 for which radiation was aborted. RESULTS: At follow-up, five @entity1 had evidence of ovarian function, and the four @entity1 of these five who desired @entity1 achieved pregnancies. All five had zero to two courses of chemotherapy. Two @entity1 who subsequently had pregnancies had staging laparotomy with oophoropexy 5 and 6 months, respectively, before laparoscopy. In both cases the ovaries had migrated back to their original positions, and their therapy would have resulted in @entity2670 had the repeat procedure not been performed. Five @entity1 had @entity2670 at follow-up. Four of the five had received multiple courses of chemotherapy; the other had pelvic primary disease and received 3500 cGy to the femoral lymph nodes and pelvis, with little central shielding. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic oophoropexy performed immediately prior to pelvic irradiation is effective in preserving ovarian function in nearly all @entity1 who are to undergo @entity1600 for @entity978 and who receive minimal or no chemotherapy.

title: Laparoscopic oophoropexy and ovarian function in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Total lymph node irradiation', 'TNI']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin disease']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin disease']


abstract: The effectiveness of botulinum toxin injections in 11 @entity1 with @entity1649 was investigated in a prospective placebo-controlled blinded study. The @entity1 were treated with four sets of injections to various facial muscles, selected by clinical evaluation. Three injections were with graded doses of toxin and one was with placebo. The order of injections was random and unknown to the @entity1 . Results were scored both subjectively by @entity1 assessment of symptoms and objectively by blinded review of videotapes made one month after each injection. Subjective improvement occurred after 79% of injections with botulinum toxin, regardless of dose of toxin. Only 1 @entity1 improved after placebo. Objective improvement was seen after 84% of injections with botulinum toxin. No @entity1 showed objective improvement after placebo injection. The most frequent side effect was @entity425 , seen after 97% of injections of botulinum toxin. Facial @entity2981 (20%), @entity892 (13%), @entity1736 (7%), and various other mild side effects were seen less frequently. Botulinum toxin appears to be an effective and safe method of therapy for @entity1649 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with botulinum toxin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity1649 :: (MESH:D019569,Disease) :: ['hemifacial spasm']


abstract: A key model for examining the activity-dependent development of primary visual cortex (V1) involves the imbalance in activity between the two eyes induced by @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ). @entity1949 early in life causes dramatic changes in the functional and structural organization of @entity1 visual cortex. The molecular signals that mediate the effects of @entity1949 on the development of visual cortex are not well defined. Neurotrophic factors are important in regulating the plasticity of visual cortex, but the choice of an appropriate growth factor as well as its delivery has proven difficult. Although @entity39247 ( @entity39247 ) is a homolog of the angiogenic factor @entity6667 , it has only minimal angiogenic activity, raising the question of whether this factor has other (more relevant) biological properties. Intrigued by the possibility that VEGF family members affect neuronal cells, we explored whether @entity39247 has a role in the nervous system. In @entity35 , @entity39247 infusion during @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) counteracted the normally occurring ocular dominance (OD) shift toward the non-deprived eye so that the deprived eye dominated the @entity39247 -treated cortex after @entity1949 . In particular, @entity39247 counteracted the effects of @entity1949 without causing detectable alterations in spontaneous discharge or behavior. In conclusion, the simultaneous analysis of visual cortical cell discharge and ocular dominance plasticity suggests that @entity39247 has important effects on the functional architecture of the visual cortex. Therefore, @entity39247 is a new candidate trophic challenge molecule for the visual cortex.

title: @entity39247 prevents the shift in the ocular dominance distribution of visual cortical neurons in monocularly deprived XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['monocular deprivation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity39247 :: ('89811(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF-B', 'vascular endothelial growth factor-B']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: The free @entity251 : @entity701 ratio (FTCR) is widely used for studying and preventing @entity751 in various sports. The use of FTCR for following @entity751 was proposed originally with two approaches: FTCR lower than 0.35x10(-3), calculated on free @entity251 (FT) in nanomoles per liter (nmol/L) and on @entity701 (C) in micromoles per liter (mmole/L) or a decrease of the ratio of 30% or more in comparison with the previous value. In our experience, the use of an absolute value as a threshold is not useful, whereas the evaluation of the concentrations of hormones and their ratio in comparison with previous ones is more useful. These classical approaches are not, however, sufficient to describe the various possible physiological modifications linked to training excess and/or incomplete recovery. METHODS: We collected samples from 32 professional soccer players of an Italian First Division team, during the period July 2001-July 2003. We analyzed the values of 21 athletes during the season 2001-2002 and of 11 athletes during the season 2002-2003 (6 out of 11 were examined also during the previous one) always present when the 4 (first season) or 5 (second season) blood drawings have been performed. We applied an original, pragmatic and easy-to-use classification of FTCR values, in association with classical interpretations based on decreases of the values in comparison with previous athlete's result. RESULTS: We used the traditional approaches in two consecutive seasons in a professional soccer team: the evaluation of the decrease >30% of the parameter in comparison with the previous value or with the basal (preseason) value are shown. The statistical differences between the FTCR values of the six athletes followed in both seasons were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The classification method we propose is advantageous in comparison with traditional interpretative schemes, because identify different risk categories, stratifying the interval between the values 0.35-0.8.

title: Free XXXX / @entity701 ratio in soccer: usefulness of a categorization of values.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['overtraining syndrome']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']