abstract: Two cases of metastatic @entity0 are reported in which endocrine chemotherapy with @entity23392 + @entity1013 proved markedly effective. Case 1: A 69-year-old female. After CAF therapy as a adjuvant chemotherapy, @entity440 and Tegafur had been administered. At the 5th postoperative year, multiple @entity3 to lung and a rise in the @entity5 marker were found. Since the @entity1 was not desirous of intensive chemotherapy, administration of @entity23392 120 mg/day and @entity1013 800 mg/day was initiated. The @entity1 showed PR 9 months after and achieved CR 14 months later. Case 2: A 48-year-old female. CAF therapy for a total of 6 cycles was performed as adjuvant chemotherapy. The @entity1 was administered @entity440 and followed. On bone scintigrams 3.5 years after surgery, an abnormal accumulation appeared in the left sternoclavicular joint, and an infiltrative @entity5 mass was formed in the skin of that region. Administration of @entity23392 + @entity1013 was initiated. After 6 months, the infiltrative mass disappeared. These findings are suggestive of the effectiveness of this combined chemotherapy.

title: [Endocrine chemotherapy (high-dose @entity23392 + XXXX ) found markedly effective for 2 cases of metastatic @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity23392 :: ('MESH:D017312', 'Chemical') :: ['Toremifene']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1013 :: (MESH:C025034,Chemical) :: ['5'-DFUR']


abstract: AIM: Schram et al. aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of @entity1499 vs. @entity500 in adults with severe @entity483 . SETTING AND DESIGN: This single-blind, parallel-group (ratio 1 : 1), randomized controlled trial was conducted in a secondary care setting in the Netherlands between July 2009 and December 2010. STUDY EXPOSURE:    @entity1 with severe @entity483 were randomly assigned in a 1 : 1 ratio to receive either @entity1499 (10-22  5 mg weekly) or @entity500 (1  5-2  5 mg kg(-1) daily) for 12 weeks, followed by a 12-week follow-up period. OUTCOMES: The outcome measures comprised various @entity484 severity measures including: SCORing of @entity483 index (SCORAD); Investigator Global Assessment (IGA); @entity1 Global Assessment (PGA); @entity484 Area and Severity Index (EASI); and @entity1 -Oriented @entity484 Measurement (POEM). Further outcomes included a visual analogue scale of itch and @entity22 ; Skindex-17; serum levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine; quantity of topical corticosteroids used; and the number of courses of rescue medication (oral @entity617 ) used. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE:     The primary outcome was the mean change in SCORAD after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were screened and 42 of these were included in the trial. At week 12, @entity1 in the @entity1499 group had a mean    SD relative reduction in SCORAD of 42    18% compared with 39    25% in the @entity500 group (P = 0  52). Proportions of @entity1 achieving at least mild disease and reductions in impact on quality of life and symptoms were similar in both groups at weeks 12 and 24. No statistically significant differences were found in the number and severity of adverse events. @entity1503 were more common in the @entity500 group but no serious adverse events occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Schram et al. conclude that both @entity1499 and @entity500 achieved clinically relevant improvement and were safe in the short term. They also conclude that both treatments are appropriate treatment options for severe @entity483 in adult populations.

title: A randomized trial of @entity1499 vs. @entity500 for severe XXXX : a critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic Dermatitis', 'atopic eczema']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities in blood count']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'Eczema']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['sleeplessness']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic eczema']


abstract: PURPOSE: In order to optimize cerebral @entity5 irradiation, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy allows a focused-volume irradiation (2.1 cm3, 16 mm diameter) under standard fractionation conditions. Results of a retrospective and multicentric analysis are presented. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy uses the ballistic principles of the radiosurgery: stereotactic localization, multi-beam irradiation, secondary collimation, three-dimensional dosimetry. Standard fractionation is possible with a re-locatable non-invasive stereotactic device. The technique has been used for treating @entity977 (86 @entity1 ), @entity5513 (32 @entity1 ) and @entity1653 (26 @entity1 ). RESULTS: 1) @entity977 : cumulative tumoral objective-response rates (42 @entity1 ) were respectively 42%, 69% and 88% at 24, 48 and 60 months. The cumulative endocrinologic objective-response rates (32 @entity1 ) were respectively 53%, 75% and 85% at 24, 48 and 60 months. The cumulative risk of radio-induced @entity2338 varied from 18% ( @entity2124 [GH]) to 42% for TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) at 48 months. No other complication was observed; 2) @entity5513 : 33 @entity5 , < 25 mm in diameter, were treated in 32 @entity1 . Tumor control was observed in 29/33 @entity5 : 14 were stable, 15 decreased and three progressed. Useful hearing was maintained in 9/10 @entity1 . Only three @entity1 (9%) presented persistent complications; 3) cavernous @entity1653 : 17/19 clinical responses were noted, 20 tumoral stabilisations, one partial response and one progression (22 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] evaluable @entity1 ). One unilateral radio-induced @entity1939 was observed. CONCLUSION: For these @entity5 , the focused target volume obtained by the fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy seems to be better adapted to the treatment of limited @entity5 than standard radiotherapy. The use of standard fractionation reduces the risk of severe normal tissue damage, sometimes observed for radiosurgery and inherent in the use of single fraction.

title: [Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy: results in hypophyseal adenomas, XXXX , and @entity1653 of the cavernous sinus].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumor', 'benign tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous meningiomas', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neurinomas']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic cytoreduction of soft tissue @entity242 may permit less radical operation. In cases of large or multi-compartmental masses, deeply seated @entity5 or involvement of a neurovascular bundle, down-sizing of the mass is required before limb sparing surgery can be considered. We have applied a combination chemotherapy consisting of intravenous @entity632 and @entity1260 with intra-arterial @entity900 for @entity1 with soft tissue @entity242 of the extremity as induction treatment, and switched to an intravenous-only protocol due to @entity137 and management difficulties. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy were given after limb-sparing surgery in both regimens. Fresh @entity5 specimens were obtained and were examined for @entity5 size, surgical margins, percent of @entity39 , evidence of vascular or perineural invasion, and the presence of @entity7895 , Ki-67, @entity876 , @entity1364 and @entity588 -oncoprotein. Our results in terms of percentage of @entity5 @entity39 were comparable and even better in favor of the second regimen [38% good histological response with intravenous (i.v.)-only versus 12.5% for combined i.v. + intra-arterial (i.a.]. The clinical and radiological responses were also better for the second (i.v. only) regimen (45%) than for the first (i.v. + i.a.) regimen (12.5%). The @entity137 and the inconvenience to the @entity1 and to the treating staff were greater in the first regimen that combined intra-arterial and intravenous infusions. In the first group the failure rate is 75% within 32 months of follow-up, while it @entity16222 % within 12 months follow-up in the second group. The immunohistochemical markers did not correlate with disease control nor with the @entity1 outcome. Intravenous administration of ADR-IFX induction chemotherapy was more feasible than combined i.v. ADR-IFX plus i.a. @entity900 and achieved better results.

title: @entity632 - @entity1260 induction chemotherapy for XXXX : comparison of two non-randomized protocols.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['extremity soft tissue sarcoma']


abstract: The @entity4838 ( @entity4838 ) @entity35 has been developed as an animal model of @entity308 and exhibits several behavioural and neurochemical characteristics that are qualitatively similar to those found in clinically @entity308 @entity1 . In addition to the behavioural and @entity854 seen in @entity4838 @entity35 , it has been reported that these animals have alterations in a number ex vivo measures of immune function many of which are reversed following chronic antidepressant treatment. In the present study we sought to examine the effects of olfactory bulbectomy on responsiveness to an in vivo immune challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 microg/kg, i.p.). In addition, the effect of chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant @entity5829 (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.) on bulbectomy related behavioural changes, @entity2339 activity and immune responsiveness was evaluated. To our knowledge this is the first time that in vivo immunological responsiveness has been examined in the @entity4838 @entity35 model of @entity308 . @entity4838 @entity35 exhibited a characteristic hyperactive response in a novel 'open field' environment, which was attenuated following chronic @entity5829 treatment. LPS provoked a large increase in circulating @entity3426 and @entity5 @entity39 factor ( @entity1505 in vehicle treated sham operated animals. Vehicle treated @entity4838 @entity35 displayed a significant impairment in LPS-induced @entity3426 (54%) and @entity1505 (70%) secretion compared to their sham operated controls, an effect that was potentiated following chronic @entity5829 treatment. Furthermore, sham animals that were chronically treated with @entity5829 displayed decreases in LPS-provoked @entity3426 (51%) and @entity1505 (49%) secretion compared to vehicle treated counterparts. In addition, LPS-induced alterations in @entity2819 and adrenal @entity620 concentrations were also attenuated by bulbectomy, an effect that was further enhanced following chronic @entity5829 treatment. In conclusion, these data provide evidence that olfactory bulbectomy in the @entity35 impairs the ability of macrophages to produce the proinflammatory cytokines @entity3426 and @entity1505 following an in vivo challenge with bacterial LPS. Whilst chronic treatment with @entity5829 normalized the behavioural hyperactivity observed in @entity4838 @entity35 , such treatment further impaired LPS-induced @entity3426 and @entity1505 secretion in bulbectomized @entity35 .

title: Olfactory bulbectomy provokes a suppression of @entity3426 and XXXX @entity39 factor-alpha production in response to an in vivo challenge with lipopolysaccharide: effect of chronic @entity5829 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['neurochemical abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory bulbectomized', 'OB']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: @entity19220 ( @entity19220 ) imaging has great potential for studying physiological and pathophysiological processes noninvasively in several locations of the body. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of @entity19220 imaging to visualize fluorescent compounds within the brains of live @entity19 commonly used in brain research. To simulate the presence of a molecular @entity19220 reporter agent at the site of a lesion, we developed a new in vivo phantom model wherein capsules containing different amounts of an @entity19220 dye (Cy5.5) were stereotactically implanted deep into the left hemispheres of living @entity19 . To precisely locate the implanted capsules, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and transillumination fluorescence imaging (TFI) were conducted to analyze and compare sensitivity and target-to-background ratios of the two methods. The sensitivities of FRI and TFI to background fluorescence from circulating dye was tested by imaging fluorescent capsules in @entity19 intravenously injected with increasing amounts of long-circulating Cy5.5-dextran. The results show that capsules containing dye amounts as low as 10(-12) mol can be detected. TFI yielded significantly higher target-to-background ratios than FRI at 10(-11) mol (p < .05). Comparatively low amounts of fluorescence in the blood vessels can extinguish the signal. We conclude that keeping the signal from circulating @entity19220 dye low, @entity19220 imaging offers high sensitivity in detecting fluorochromes noninvasively within brains of @entity19 , especially by using TFI. This encourages the application of @entity19220 for molecular imaging in the @entity19 brain using @entity19220 reporters.

title: Noninvasive near-infrared imaging of fluorochromes within the brain of live XXXX : an in vivo phantom study.

entities_list: @entity19220 :: ('MESH:D015701', 'Disease') :: ['Near-infrared fluorescence', 'NIRF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the exocrine pancreatic function in carriers of the @entity5456 gene ( @entity5456 ) mutation by direct testing. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity5456 mutations and control subjects were assessed using rapid endoscopic secretin tests and secretin-stimulated magnetic resonance imaging. Seven @entity1 and 25 controls underwent endoscopy, while eight @entity1 and 20 controls had magnetic resonance imaging. Ductal function was assessed according to peak @entity3157 concentrations and acinar function was assessed according to peak digestive enzyme activities in secretin-stimulated duodenal juice. The association of pancreatic exocrine function and @entity6 status with pancreatic gland volume was examined. RESULTS: The mean increase in secretin-stimulated duodenal fluid was smaller in @entity1 than controls (4.0 vs 6.4 ml/min; P = 0.003). We found lower ductal function in @entity1 than controls (median peak @entity3157 concentration: 73 vs 116 mEq/L; P < 0.001) and lower acinar function (median peak lipase activity: 6.4 vs 33.5 kU/ml; P = 0.01; median peak elastase activity: 0.056 vs 0.130 U/ml; P = 0.01). Pancreatic fluid volume outputs correlated significantly with pancreatic gland volumes (r   = 0.71, P = 0.008) in @entity1 . The total fluid output to pancreatic gland volume ratios were higher in @entity1 than controls (4.5 vs 1.3 ml/cm  ; P = 0.03), suggesting compensatory hypersecretion in the remaining gland. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the @entity5456 mutation have lower exocrine pancreatic function involving both ductal and acinar cells. Compensatory hypersecretion suggests that the small pancreas of @entity5456 mutation carriers is attributable to @entity509 , not @entity194 .

title: Exocrine pancreatic function in @entity5456 -maturity-onset XXXX of the young ( @entity5456 -MODY) is only moderately reduced: compensatory hypersecretion from a hypoplastic pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity5456 :: ('6928', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b', 'HNF1B']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Chemotherapy and irradiation to the @entity2339 given for childhood @entity5 carry with them a risk of endocrine late effects. These treatment modalities are part of the treatment of common @entity66 in childhood such as @entity981 , @entity1313 , @entity978 and solid @entity5 outside the central nervous system. Cranial irradiation of a prepubertal @entity1 can induce early or even precocious puberty, particularly in @entity1 . @entity6126 may develop at a later stage. Irradiation of the gonads, as e.g. part of total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation, will most likely cause @entity177 and late, incomplete or absent puberty in @entity1 . Many @entity1 will experience a normal pubertal development except for small testes. Alkylating agents given for a variety of childhood @entity5 , are gonadotoxic. After high doses of these drugs, @entity1 are at great risk of developing @entity2670 , whereas @entity1 will usually go through puberty normally. Many @entity1 receive a combination of several treatment modalities, which complicates the prediction of pubertal development. Control and management of @entity1 with @entity5 at risk of having a disturbance of puberty is difficult and requires detailed knowledge of endocrinology as well as oncology. This chapter reviews the common treatments for the most frequent childhood @entity5 , the known effects of the therapy on pubertal development and provides outlines of control and management.

title: Disturbance of pubertal development after XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oncological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal failure']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkins lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Monoclonal antibody (MAb) @entity46190 and its F(ab')2 fragment, radiolabelled with 131I, were tested for @entity5 localisation and imaging in @entity19 bearing a @entity957 xenograft line derived from a @entity135 (HNX-HN) or from a @entity189 (VX-A431). MAb IgG or F(ab')2 fragments were injected in parallel and at day 1, 2, 3 and 6 or 7, @entity19 were either scanned with a gamma camera or dissected for determination of isotope biodistribution. In HNX-HN bearing mice, @entity46190 IgG as well as F(ab')2 showed highly specific localisation in @entity5 tissue. The mean @entity5 uptake (n = 4) expressed as the percentage of the injected dose per gram of @entity5 tissue (percentage ID/g) of IgG was 11.9% at day 1 and increased to 14.6% at day 6 whereas percentage ID/g of F(ab')2 was 7.2% at day 1 and decreased during subsequent days. @entity5 to blood ratios (T/B) at day 1 were 1.2 for IgG and 13.6 for F(ab')2 and reached a maximum at day 6 with values of 6.4 and 54.2 respectively. In VX-A431 bearing @entity19 , only @entity46190 F(ab')2 showed preferential localisation in @entity5 tissue. At day 1, Percentage ID/g of IgG was 3.7 and T/B was 0.3, while percentage ID/g of F(ab')2 was 2.4 and T/B was 3.2. Percentage ID/g decreased after day 1 while T/B increased. In these experiments no preferential localisation of either isotype matched 125I-labelled control IgG or F(ab')2 was observed. In F(ab')2 injected HNX-HN bearing @entity19 as well as VX-A431 bearing @entity19 , @entity5 could be visualised at day 1 and 2 without any appreciable background activity. With MAb IgG this was also possible in HNX-HN bearing @entity19 (but not in VX-A431 bearing @entity19 ) but only at day 3 and 6. These findings suggest that the superior @entity5 to @entity5 ratios render the @entity46190 F(ab')2 fragment more qualified for specific targeting of radioisotopes to @entity5 xenografts in this experimental setting.

title: Superior localisation and imaging of radiolabelled monoclonal antibody @entity46190 F(ab')2 fragment in xenografts of human @entity957 of the @entity135 and of the vulva as compared to monoclonal antibody XXXX IgG.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['non-tumour', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulva carcinoma']

answer: @entity46190 :: (8581,Gene) :: ['E48']


abstract: This study investigates the ability of an alpha 1-adrenergic blocker, @entity6116 , two @entity141 entry channel blockers, @entity1855 and @entity3988 , @entity934 and @entity141 -free solutions to relax alpha 1-adrenergically activated cat ophthalmociliary artery ring segments. The form of a contraction elicited with @entity1425 , @entity1063 or @entity2647 was shown to depend on the passive @entity2701 set. As passive @entity2701 was increased, which is equivalent to increasing blood pressure in vivo, the alpha 1-adrenergic elicited contraction became more sustained. Incubation with the @entity141 channel blockers @entity3988 and @entity1855 was ineffective in reducing the phasic response to the alpha 1-adrenergic agonists whereas addition of these blockers in increasing concentrations during a sustained adrenergic contraction caused a graded and significant relaxation. This implies that therapeutic use of @entity141 channel blockers may act directly on the ophthalmociliary artery to inhibit the autonomic control of sustained tone in this vessel. Removal of exogenous @entity141 from the bathing medium initially reduced the phasic component and eliminated the tonic component of the alpha 1-adrenergic contraction. Repeated exposure of the ring segment to @entity141 -free medium further reduced the phasic component elicited with alpha 1-adrenergic contraction. Pre-incubation with the alpha 1-adrenergic blocker @entity6116 reduced the alpha 1-adrenergic antagonist phasic response only at high concentrations (10(-4) M), whereas @entity6116 applied during the tonic phase was an effective relaxant at lower concentrations. @entity934 added to the bath during an alpha 1-adrenergic contraction induced relaxation at low concentrations and contraction for higher concentrations. The relaxation was eliminated by removal of the endothelial cell layer. These data support the notion that the phasic component of an alpha 1-adrenergic contraction is mainly dependent on intracellular @entity141 stores whereas the tonic component relies almost exclusively on extracellular @entity141 . It is suggested that @entity141 channel blockers and alpha 1-adrenergic antagonists may potentially play a role in relaxing the ophthalmociliary artery to improve the ocular circulation in @entity455 in which there is considerable vascular tone present.

title: Relaxation effects of @entity3988 , @entity1855 , and XXXX on isolated cat ophthalmociliary artery.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity6116 :: ('MESH:D014043', 'Chemical') :: ['tolazoline', 'Tolazoline']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity6116 :: (MESH:D014043,Chemical) :: ['tolazoline']


abstract: Asparaginase II from @entity526 is well-known member of the bacterial class II amidohydrolases. Enzymes of this family utilize a peculiar catalytic mechanism in which a pair of @entity1889 residues play pivotal roles. Another common feature is a mobile surface loop that closes over the active site when the substrates is bound. We have studied the motion of the loop by stopped-flow experiments using the fluorescence of @entity2340 residues as the spectroscopic probe. With wild-type enzyme the fluorescence of the only @entity2340 , W66, was monitored. Here @entity2734 induced a rapid closure of the loop. The rate constants of the process (100-150 s(-1) at 4 degrees C) were considerably higher than those of the rate-limiting catalytic step. A more selective spectroscopic probe was generated by replacing W66 with @entity669 and Y25, a component of the loop, with @entity2340 . In the resulting enzyme variant, k(cat) and the rate of loop movement were reduced by factors of 10(2) and >10(3), respectively, while substrate binding was unaffected. This indicates that the presence of @entity669 in position 25 is essential for both loop closure and catalysis. Numerical simulations of the observed transients are consistent with a model where loop closure is an absolute prerequisite for substrate turnover.

title: Dynamics of a mobile loop at the active site of XXXX asparaginase.

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Two cases of @entity816 associated with @entity1264 ( @entity4786 type; @entity1265 ) were reported. The first case wes a 60-year-old @entity1 who had been diagnosed as @entity1264 on the basis of skin findings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a @entity5 in the left temporal lobe. Partial removal was performed with neuronavigator, and because of the existence of Rosenthal fiber the histological diagnosis was @entity816 . Radiation therapy was performed. The second case was a 6-year-old @entity1 suffering from @entity10 and left @entity1269 including his face. MRI showed a @entity5 with a cyst in the right thalamus and obstructive @entity1276 . Initially CT-guided stereotactic biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis, on the basis of increased cellularity, pleomorphism and nuclear atypia without @entity39 or vascular proliferation, was @entity816 . Radiation and chemo-immuno therapy were carried out after V-P shunt. It is well known that @entity1264 ( @entity1265 ) is often associated with @entity5150 (5-36%). In the literature, the @entity11 seldom occurs in other parts of the brain, @entity11 especially is rare. Only two familial cases of @entity11 associated with @entity1264 have been reported. The prognosis of @entity11 associated with @entity1265 was poor in these reports. In this paper, the diagnostic and therapeutic problems are discussed.

title: [Familial XXXX associated with @entity1264 : report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["von Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if student attendance at a specialized prenatal clinic would yield any change in their comfort level and in their attitudes toward pregnant @entity1 with @entity457 . METHODS: A total of 117 third-year students rotating consecutively on our core obstetrics-gynecology clerkship consented to enrolling in this prospective cohort study between February 2004 and June 2005. Each was assigned either to attend a half-day prenatal clinic designed specifically for @entity1 with @entity167 and substance use disorders (study group) or not to attend the clinic (control group). The students answered anonymously a 15-question survey (using a 5-point Likert scale from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree') at the beginning and at the midway point of the eight-week clerkship. Scores averaged for each question at the two points were compared within and between the two groups using paired-samples and independent-samples t-tests. RESULTS: No differences in responses to the survey were found between the study and control groups at the beginning of the clerkship. Students who attended the clinic became more comfortable in inquiring about @entity1 @entity167 consumption (p<0.001) and about social problems such as domestic violence (p<0.001). After attending the clinic, students reported that @entity988 was associated less with a weak will (p<0.01) and that group therapy has more importance (p<0.05). In contrast, the control group disagreed less that @entity167 use was more of a moral and legal problem than a medical problem (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An experience at this special prenatal clinic improved medical student awareness of complexities faced by problem drinkers, enhanced their comfort in talking to pregnant @entity167 drinkers, and favored more sympathy toward @entity988 in general but not necessarily during pregnancy.

title: Effect of a specialized prenatal clinic on medical student attitudes toward XXXX with @entity457 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity457 :: ('MESH:D063425', 'Disease') :: ['drinking problems']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the outcomes of @entity231 surgery in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients with documented @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) and to elucidate the concomitant ocular surface problems often encountered in these @entity1 . SETTING: W.K. Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 12 @entity231 surgeries in 7 @entity1 with @entity2132 ) after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In particular, visual acuity improvement, surgical complications, and problems associated with concomitant ocular surface disease were reviewed. RESULTS: The mean visual acuity improved significantly from 20/46 (logMAR 0.32) preoperatively to 20/21 (logMAR 0.02) postoperatively (P <.005). The mean postoperative follow-up was 23 months (range 3 to 48 months). All @entity1 had @entity936 , and 3 had conjunctival cicatrization with mild keratinization. No @entity1 had postoperative corneal breakdown. CONCLUSION: With aggressive management of @entity936 and other ocular surface problems, @entity231 surgery had excellent outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2132 .

title: XXXX surgery in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients with @entity2132 (1).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: The arrhythmogenic mechanism in @entity235 with @entity1371 was investigated in relation to the effects of an alpha 1-blocking agent and a beta-blocking agent. @entity1371 was induced by inserting an ion-exchange resin into the colon. In the @entity1371 group, nine out of 17 @entity235 with @entity943 ratios of over 10% (that is the percentage of the number of @entity1540 divided by the total number of heart beats during 5 min, after 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1425 injection) were observed. In the control group (n = 13), which maintained normal serum K+ levels, only one @entity235 showed an @entity943 ratio of over 10%. @entity235 with lower serum K+ levels showed higher @entity943 ratios. The @entity141 content of heart mitochondria, considered to be a reflection of intracellular @entity141 concentration, was 24.4 +/- 5.7 nmoles/mg protein in the control group 5 min after epinephrine injection, while that of the @entity1371 group was increased to 35.0 +/- 13.4. A good reciprocal correlation between the concentration of serum K+ just before epinephrine injection and mitochondrial @entity141 content was observed in the @entity1371 group (r = -0.79), while in the control group, no correlation was observed. Clear correlation between mitochondrial @entity141 content and the @entity943 ratio was also observed in the @entity1169 group. Pretreatment with @entity10820 , an alpha 1-"blocker," effectively prevented the increase in mitochondrial @entity141 content, and reduced the @entity943 ratio. On the other hand, pretreatment with @entity1169 , a beta-"blocker," did not affect the mitochondrial @entity141 content and the @entity943 ratio.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity10820 and @entity1169 on XXXX in @entity235 with @entity1371 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity10820 :: ('MESH:C018176', 'Chemical') :: ['bunazosin']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia', 'Hypokalemia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity5 in middle-income countries have inferior outcomes compared with similar @entity1 in high-income countries. The magnitude and drivers of this survival gap are not well understood. In the current report, the authors sought to describe patterns of clinical presentation, magnitude of treatment abandonment, and survival in @entity1 with @entity242 in Central America. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of hospital-based registries from national pediatric oncology referral centers. @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity421 , @entity2828 , @entity980 ( @entity980 ), and soft tissue @entity242 (STS) between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009 were included. Survival analyses were performed first using standard definitions of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and event-free survival (EFS) and then with abandonment included as an event (abandonment-sensitive @entity1349 and abandonment-sensitive EFS). RESULTS: In total, 785 new cases of pediatric @entity242 were reported (264 diagnoses of @entity421 , 175 diagnoses of @entity2828 , 240 diagnoses of @entity980 , and 106 diagnoses of STS). The rate of metastatic disease at presentation was high ( @entity421 , 38%; @entity2828 , 39%; @entity980 , 29%; and STS, 21%). The treatment abandonment rate also was high, particularly among @entity1 with extremity @entity79 ( @entity421 , 30%; @entity2828 , 15%; @entity980 , 25%; and STS, 15%). Of 559 @entity1 who experienced a first event, 59% had either recurrent or progressive disease. The 4-year @entity1349 rate (  standard error) was 40%    3%, and the EFS rate was 30%    2%; however, these rates decreased further to 31%    2% and 24%    2%, respectively, when abandonment was taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that high rates of metastases and treatment abandonment and difficulty with upfront treatment effectiveness are important contributors to the poor survival of @entity1 with pediatric @entity242 in Central America. Initiatives for early diagnosis, psychosocial support, quality improvement, and multidisciplinary care are warranted to improve outcomes.

title: XXXX in Central America: outcomes, challenges, and plans for improvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ['Ewing sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['RMS', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Pediatric sarcoma']


abstract: @entity4155 (+) cells have an important role in controlling immune and inflammatory reactions. The authors of the present study hypothesize that these cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). To characterize the frequency of @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cells in the lung alveolar walls, small airways and muscular pulmonary arteries of nonsmokers, smokers with normal lung function and @entity1030 @entity1 , @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cell number was assessed using double immunofluorescence staining, and @entity4155 and @entity15787 expression were measured using real-time quantitative PCR in the peripheral lung tissues of 10 nonsmokers, 10 smokers with normal lung function and 10 smokers with stable @entity1030 . In the lung alveolar walls, the number of @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cells was increased in @entity1030 @entity1 compared with nonsmokers and in normal smokers compared with nonsmokers. In the small airways, the @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cell numbers were higher in @entity1030 @entity1 than in normal smokers and nonsmokers. A positive correlation was observed between @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cell expression and pathological changes in the lung tissue. In the small airways, the number of @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cells was positively correlated with airflow limitations. The @entity4155 mRNA levels in lung tissues were increased in @entity1030 @entity1 and normal smokers compared with nonsmokers. Increased @entity404 (+) @entity4155 (+) cell number in lung tissue is involved in chronic inflammation of the lungs and @entity651 aggravation in @entity1030 @entity1 and in smokers without airway limitations. These findings contribute to a better understanding of @entity404 (+) cell-related pathogenesis in @entity1030 .

title: Increased expression of CD4+IL-17+ cells in the lung tissue of @entity1 with stable XXXX ( @entity1030 ) and smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['parallels lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral health counseling sessions with traditional oral hygiene education in orthodontic @entity1 with fixed appliances. MATERIALS AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="STUDY DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">randomised control trial with experimental and control group. A group of 99 adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances were randomly assigned to oral health counseling (experimental) or traditional health education (control) group. Subjects in the control group received verbal instructions and a demonstration of the modified Bass brushing technique on a model. The experimental group also received the verbal information with demonstration on the model and in addition a personalised 40-minutes counseling session on oral hygiene. Plaque Index (PI) and @entity2522 ( @entity2522 ) were recorded before, 1 and 6 months after the counseling session/traditional education. RESULTS: Oral health counseling and traditional education improved the oral hygiene of orthodontic @entity1 . PI values were significantly lower after 6 months compared to the baseline in both groups, but the prevalence of @entity32 remained significantly lower only in the experimental group. CONCLUSION: Oral health counseling @entity101 and control of @entity32 . The efficiency of counseling and traditional education was similar. Counseling is a promising approach that warrants further attention in a variety of dental contexts.

title: Does oral health counseling effectively improve oral hygiene of orthodontic XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased plaque removal efficacy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: DNA immunisation represents a novel approach to vaccine and immunotherapeutic development. Injection of plasmid DNA encoding a foreign gene of interest can result in the subsequent expression of the foreign gene products and the induction of an immune response within a host. This is relevant to prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination strategies when the foreign gene represents a protective epitope from a pathogen. The recent demonstration by a number of laboratories that these immune responses evoke protective immunity against some @entity166 and @entity5 provides support for the use of this approach. In this article, we attempt to present an informative and unbiased representation of the field of DNA immunisation. The focus is on studies that impart information on the development of vaccination strategies against a number of @entity1 and animal pathogens. Investigations that describe the mechanism(s) of protective immunity induced by DNA immunisation highlight the advantages and disadvantages of this approach to developing vaccines within a given system. A variety of systems in which DNA vaccination has resulted in the induction of protective immunity, as well as the correlates associated with these protective immune responses, will be described. Particular attention will focus on systems involving @entity4801 . Finally, the potential of DNA immunisation is discussed as it relates to veterinary medicine and its role as a possible vaccine strategy against @entity7843 .

title: DNA vaccination strategies against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity7843 :: ('MESH:D003048', 'Disease') :: ['animal coccidioses']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Without stimulation, the @entity1 brain spontaneously produces highly organized, low-frequency fluctuations of neural activity in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs). Furthermore, without adequate explanatory nociceptive input, @entity1 with @entity2531 experience @entity158 symptoms, thus implicating a central dysregulation of @entity158 homeostasis. The present study aimed to test whether interactions among @entity158 , such as the default mode network (DMN), cingular-insular network (CIN) and @entity426 ( @entity426 ), are altered in somatoform @entity158 during resting conditions. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2531 and healthy controls underwent resting functional magnetic resonance imaging that lasted 370 seconds. Using a data-driven approach, the ICNs were isolated, and the functional network connectivity (FNC) was computed. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 and 19 controls enrolled in the study. Significant FNC (p < 0.05, corrected for false discovery rate) was detected between the CIN and @entity426 /anterior DMN, the anterior DMN and posterior @entity1233 / @entity426 , and the posterior DMN and @entity426 . Interestingly, no group differences in FNC were detected. LIMITATIONS: The most important limitation of this study was the relatively short resting state paradigm. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, our results demonstrated for the first time the resting FNC among @entity158 . However, our results suggest that FNC signatures alone are not able to characterize the putative central dysfunction underpinning @entity2531 .

title: Functional network connectivity of @entity158 -related resting state networks in XXXX : an exploratory fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform pain disorder']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related ICNs', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor network', 'SMN']

answer: @entity2531 :: (MESH:D013001,Disease) :: ['somatoform pain disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) in detecting the presence of arterial remodelling in @entity1 with @entity1459 . DESIGN: Prospective case study. @entity1 : 60 of 95 consecutively admitted @entity1 with @entity1459 (41 male, 19 female), mean (SD) age 61.2 (8.1) years. INTERVENTIONS: Qualitative and quantitative coronary angiography and @entity5642 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adaptive or constrictive remodelling ( @entity1984 , CR) was considered present when the cross sectional area of the external elastic membrane at the lesion site was larger than the proximal cross sectional area or smaller than the distal cross sectional area, respectively. RESULTS: 22 of the 60 @entity1 (37%) showed @entity1984 and 14 (23%) showed CR. No remodelling was seen in 24 @entity1 (group NR). The plaque contained more @entity715 and @entity397 in group @entity1984 than in groups CR and NR ( @entity715 : 91% v 50% and 67%, respectively, p = 0.023; @entity397 : 73% v 29% and 42%, p = 0.020). @entity1984 was associated with a larger plaque cross sectional area (12.6 (SD 4.6) mm2 v 10.8 (6.3) and 9.2 (3.7) mm2, p = 0.001) and larger external elastic membrane cross sectional area (16.5 (5.8) mm2 v 13.2 (5.2) and 14.4 (3.6) mm2, p = 0.01 in group @entity1984 v groups CR and NR, respectively), while the plaque burden was larger in groups @entity1984 (74.9 (9.1)%) and CR (72.4 (16.6)%) than in group NR (66.2 (18.1)%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5642 is capable of detecting adaptive and constrictive remodelling of @entity75 and its relation to plaque morphology in @entity1459 .

title: Arterial remodelling of native @entity1 coronary arteries in @entity1 with @entity1459 : a prospective XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['IVUS', 'intravascular ultrasound']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity5642 :: (MESH:D004211,Disease) :: ['intravascular ultrasound']


abstract: This is a phase II clinical study conducted to evaluate the @entity137 and efficacy of a 4-day regimen of @entity1205 , @entity900 , @entity1487 , and @entity4181 (TPFL) in @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity213 ( @entity213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-one previously untreated @entity1 with stage III or IV @entity213 were treated with TPFL. @entity1 who received a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) to three cycles of TPFL received definitive radiation therapy. The primary end points were @entity137 and response to TPFL. RESULTS: Fifty cycles were administered to 21 @entity1 . The major acute @entity137 to TPFL were @entity33 , @entity1295 , and @entity448 . Additional major @entity137 were @entity1398 , @entity417 , and @entity353 . The overall clinical response rate to TPFL was 47.6% , with 19% CRs and 28.6% PRs. In addition, the median time to progression and overall survival time were 49.2 months and 42.7 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: TPFL has an acceptable @entity137 profile for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity213 and may hold curative potential for some @entity1 with surgically unresectable or medical inoperable situations. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety to TPFL regimen for locally advanced @entity213 .

title: Taxotere, @entity900 , @entity1487 , and XXXX (TPFL)as induction chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck', 'SCCHN']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: @entity5688 Kinases (NDPKs) have long been considered merely as housekeeping enzymes. The discovery of the @entity18962 gene, an anti-metastatic gene coding for @entity18962 , led the scientific community to re-evaluate their role in the cell. It is now well established that the NDPK family is more complex than what was first thought, and despite the increasing amount of evidence suggesting the multifunctional role of nm23/NDPKs, the specific functions of each family member are still elusive. Among these isoforms, @entity45630 is the only one to present a mitochondria-targeting sequence. It has recently been shown that this protein is able to bind and cross-link with mitochondrial membranes, suggesting that @entity45630 can mediate contact sites and contributes to the mitochondrial intermembrane space structuring. To better understand the influence of @entity45630 on mitochondrial lipid organisation, we analysed its behaviour in different lipid environments. We found that @entity45630 not only interacts with @entity14391 , but is also able to bind in a non negligible manner to zwitterionic PC. @entity45630 alters membrane organisation in terms of fluidity, hydration and lipid clustering, effects which depend on lipid structure. Changes in the protein structure after lipid binding were evidenced, both by fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy, regardless of membrane composition. Taking into account all these elements, a putative mechanism of interaction between @entity45630 and zwitterionic or anionic lipids was proposed.

title: New insights into lipid- XXXX Kinase-D interaction mechanism: protein structural changes and membrane reorganisation.

entities_list: @entity14391 :: ('MESH:D011017', 'Disease') :: ['CL or anionic lipids']

entities_list: @entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['Nucleoside Diphosphate']

answer: @entity5688 :: (CHEBI:16862,Chemical) :: ['Nucleoside Diphosphate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical strategy for the @entity339 ( @entity339 ) in @entity1 with @entity296 ( @entity296 ) still remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the operative outcome and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity296 , @entity339 . METHODS: Perioperative data and surgical results of 35 @entity1 with @entity63 @entity339 were collected. Mitral annuloplasty with @entity3521 (MAP) was performed in 27 @entity1 and mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 8 @entity1 . Preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in MVR was significantly lower (23.1 +/- 11.8 : 33.4 +/- 10.3%, p < 0.05) and the left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd) was dilated (73.7 +/- 9.3: 64.2 +/- 7.0 mm, p < 0.01). Concomitant procedures including coronary artery bypass grafting and/or left ventricular reconstruction were performed in more than half @entity1 . RESULTS: No operative death was observed in both groups. Postoperative data showed that MVR still remained in low left ventricular (LV) function. Six of 27 @entity1 in MAP developed more than grade 2 @entity339 during follow up period and 1 required reoperation. No significant difference was observed in survival and in freedom rate from cardiac event between groups. CONCLUSIONS: MAP had no impact on operative outcome and long-term survival in @entity1 with @entity296 , @entity339 . MVR should be considered in @entity1 with severely impaired LV function to avoid the risk of recurrence of @entity339 .

title: [Surgical strategy for @entity339 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy', 'ICM']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ['artificial ring']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: The roles of histaminergic and cholinergic neuron systems in the regulation of body temperature have been studied almost exclusively in animals. Recently, we have found that motion @entity2704 , i.e. a condition where hippocampal cholinergic mismatch signals induce a release of @entity112 in the @entity391 centre, accelerates the decline in body temperature in @entity1 during exposure to cold. In the present study we measured the thermoregulatory effects of two substances commonly used against motion @entity2704 , i.e. the @entity112 (H1) receptor blocker @entity18399 ( @entity18399 ) and the muscarine receptor blocker @entity5591 (SCOP). In three trials, control (CN), @entity18399 and SCOP, 10 male subjects were immersed in 15 degrees C water for a maximum of 90 min. The trials were separated by a minimum of three days and their order was alternated between subjects. In all trials the subject received, in a double blind fashion, a transdermal patch (SCOP or placebo) 12-14 h before immersion and a tablet ( @entity18399 or placebo) 1h before immersion. Mean skin temperature, rectal temperature (T(rec)), the difference in temperature between the non-immersed right forearm and 3rd finger of the right hand (T(ff)), and @entity26 uptake (VO(2)) were recorded. The fall in T(rec) was smaller in the @entity18399 than in the CN and SCOP conditions. The recordings of T(ff) and VO(2) suggest that SCOP attenuates peripheral vasoconstriction while @entity18399 increases shivering thermogenesis. Notably, thermal discomfort was reduced in the SCOP condition. Findings are thoroughly discussed in the context of animal studies on the neuropharmacology and neurophysiology of thermoregulation and motion @entity2704 .

title: Effects of anti-histaminic and anti-cholinergic substances on XXXX thermoregulation during cold provocation.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity18399 :: ('MESH:D004111', 'Chemical') :: ['DMH', 'dimenhydrinate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies suggest that @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ) have lower levels of @entity410 ( @entity410 ) than their Caucasian (C) counterparts. However, the association between @entity410 and race/ethnicity in the context of higher @entity159 ( @entity159 ) has not been explored. METHODS: We evaluated 589 @entity3004 (309 @entity1 and 203 @entity1 ) and 33,015 C (19,399 @entity1 and 8753 @entity1 ) enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study. Education years and access to a preventive health care examination were used as a proxy for higher @entity159 . Data were collected from a questionnaire, maximal treadmill exercise stress test, and other clinical measures. The outcome variable was @entity410 , which was stratified into low fit (quintile 1 of @entity410 ) and fit (quintiles 2-5). Multivariable regression was used to compare adjusted mean @entity410 between groups. P values were adjusted for unbalanced sample size and unequal variance between groups. RESULTS: The mean education years were similar for @entity3004 and C @entity1 at 16 yr; however, @entity3004 @entity1 had more years of education than C (15.8 vs 15.2 yr, P = 0.0062). @entity3004 @entity1 and @entity1 had a significantly higher prevalence of being unfit compared with their C counterparts ( @entity1 26.7% vs 12.6%, P < 0.0001; @entity1 21.3% vs 8.4%, P < 0.0001). The adjusted mean estimated maximal METs were 10.9 vs 11.7 and 8.8 vs 9.8 for @entity3004 and C @entity1 and @entity1 , respectively. Fully adjusted odds ratios revealed that @entity3004 @entity1 had more than twice the risk of being unfit compared with C @entity1 . A trend persisted for @entity3004 @entity1 to have a lower MET value than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Despite comparable higher @entity159 , lower @entity410 existed among @entity3004 @entity1 versus C @entity1 . These results suggest that @entity410 may not be mediated strictly by environmental factors related to @entity159 .

title: The impact of race and higher @entity159 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']


abstract: @entity16663 are rare in @entity1 and present with variable signs depending on the type of hormone excess. We herein describe the unusual presentation of a @entity1 with @entity16663 and introduce the concept of in vitro chemosensitivity testing. CASE REPORT: A 10.5-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity12737 / @entity3427 and @entity353 . The @entity353 and @entity146 , associated with halted puberty and growth, led to the initial diagnosis of @entity1278 . However, subsequent @entity1017 but persisting arrest in growth and puberty and the appearance of central fat distribution prompted further evaluation. RESULTS AND FOLLOW-UP: 24h-urine free @entity701 was elevated. Morning plasma ACTH was undetectable, while @entity701 was elevated and circadian rhythmicity was absent. Thus a hormonally active @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was suspected. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a unilateral, encapsulated @entity5 was found which was subsequently removed surgically. Tissue was investigated histologically and for chemosensitivity in primary cell cultures. Although there were some risk factors for @entity5 , the @entity5 was found to be a typical @entity652 . Despite this histology, @entity5 cells survived in culture and were sensitive to @entity900 in combination with @entity136 or @entity1311 . At surgery, the @entity1 was started on @entity701 replacement which was unsuccessfully tapered over 3 months. Full recovery of the @entity774 occurred only after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of a hormonally active @entity16663 is often delayed because of atypical presentation. @entity701 replacement following unilateral @entity5 excision is mandatory and may be required for months or years. Individualized chemosensitivity studies carried out on primary cultures established from the @entity5 tissue itself may provide a tool in evaluating the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs in the event that the @entity16663 may prove to be @entity189 .

title: Atypical presentation of a hormonally active XXXX in an adolescent leading to delayed diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'children', 'girl']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'adrenal cortical tumor', 'ACT', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenocortical tumors', 'adrenocortical tumor']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone', 'Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumor']


abstract: A febrile @entity410 is a @entity16 that occurs following an @entity281 that results in a rapid rise in body temperature. It commonly affects 3-5% of @entity1 between the ages of 3 months and 5 years. @entity3426 @entity3426 a pro-inflammatory cytokine has been suggested to play a role in the manifestation of @entity410 . There is evidence suggesting that @entity16 can be exacerbated in an offspring that was exposed to stress prenatally. The aim of our study was therefore to investigate whether @entity410 are exacerbated in the offspring of @entity35 that were prenatally stressed. The offspring of pregnant Sprague-Dawley dams were used in the study. Prenatal stress consisted of exposing the pregnant dams to 45 min of restraint, 3 times per day with 3 h intervals in-between, for 7 days starting on gestational day 14 (GND14). On @entity227 ( @entity227 ) 14, the pups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200  g/kg, i.p.) followed 2.5 h later by an i.p. injection of @entity4176 (KA, 1.75 mg/kg). All the animals were decapitated on @entity227 21. Trunk blood was collected to detect plasma @entity3426 ( @entity3426 ) levels in the various groups. Our data showed that i.p. injections of LPS followed by KA led to the development of @entity410 activity that was associated with increased plasma @entity3426 levels. Prior exposure to prenatal stress resulted in the development of advanced stages of @entity410 development, leading to an exaggerated @entity410 response. Prenatal stress alone also led to elevated plasma @entity3426 levels, while previously stressed animals receiving LPS and KA yielded the highest plasma levels of @entity3426 levels. Our data therefore shows that @entity3426 levels may play an important role in the development of @entity410 .

title: Exposure to prenatal stress enhances the development of XXXX in young @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['postnatal day', 'PND']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity3426 :: ('24494(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1b', 'Interleukin-1 beta']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported that a pool of low molecular weight peptides can be extracted by alkali treatment of DNA preparations obtained from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells after intensive deproteinization. This class of peptides, isolated from @entity3505 bud chromatin, induces growth inhibition, DNA damage, G2 checkpoint activation and apoptosis in HeLa cells. In this work we studied their mechanism of action by investigating their ability to interfere with DNA synthesis. METHODS: BrdUrd comet assays were used to detect DNA replication defects during S phase. DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and DNA damage response pathway activation were assessed using @entity665 incorporation, DNA flow cytometry and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: BrdUrd labelling close to DNA strand discontinuities (comet tails) detects the number of active replicons. This number was significantly higher in treated cells (compared to controls) from entry until mid S phase, but markedly lower in late S phase, indicating the occurrence of defective DNA synthesis. In mid S phase the treated cells showed less @entity665 incorporation with respect to the controls, which supports an early arrest of DNA synthesis. DNA damage response activation was also shown in both @entity876 -defective HeLa cells and @entity876 -proficient @entity1 cells by the detection of the phosphorylated form of @entity6714 after peptide treatment. These events were accompanied in both cell lines by an increase in @entity3544 levels and, in @entity1 cells, of phospho- @entity876 (Ser15) levels. At 24  h of recovery after peptide treatment the cell cycle phase distribution was similar to that seen in controls and @entity10610 kinase accumulation was not detected. CONCLUSION: The data reported here show that the antiproliferative effect exhibited by these chromatin peptides results from their ability to induce genomic stress during DNA synthesis. This effect seems to be S-phase specific since surviving cells are able to progress through their normal cell cycle when the peptide fraction is removed from the culture medium. It is likely that the subsequent apoptosis is a consequence of the failed attempt of the @entity5 cells to repair the DNA damage induced by the peptides.

title: A pool of peptides extracted from @entity3505 bud chromatin inhibits XXXX cell growth by causing defective DNA synthesis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Seventy-three @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , whose disease progressed on hormonal therapy with @entity440 or @entity6239 , were treated with @entity6303 , 160 mg/day. No complete responses were observed. Partial response was achieved in 3 @entity1 (4%), for a median of 9 months (range 5-13). Thirty-five @entity1 (48%) remained stable, for a median of 8 months (3-26). The remaining 35 @entity1 (48%) had clear progression of their metastatic disease on therapy. Response to @entity6303 was achieved in @entity1 with @entity3 in bone and pleura only. There was no correlation between response to @entity6303 and response to prior chemotherapy, prior @entity440 therapy, previous treatment with @entity6239 , or @entity5282 status. The actuarial 24-month survival for all @entity1 was 37%. The main side effects of @entity6303 included @entity1017 (20% or over), @entity111 , elevation of blood pressure, weakness, and @entity3556 ; they were only occasionally observed. The objective improvement observed during this trial is disappointing; the only reasons to justify the use of @entity6303 as second- or third-line hormonal therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 , would be the relatively long duration of disease stabilization in a large proportion of @entity1 , and the low @entity137 observed with the drug.

title: XXXX in advanced @entity0 after failure to @entity440 and/or @entity6239 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6239 :: ('MESH:D000616', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglutethimide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['megestrol acetate']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

answer: @entity6303 :: (MESH:D019290,Chemical) :: ['Megestrol acetate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the association between mammographic appearance and histologic diagnosis of nonpalpable @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammographic characteristics of 317 consecutive clinically nonpalpable @entity0 in @entity1 treated with breast-conserving surgery were reviewed. Malignant lesions were categorized as spiculated masses, other lesions, @entity730 , and combined findings. Calcifications were characterized as amorphous, pleomorphic, or fine linear and branching. Logistic regression was used for the evaluation. Odds ratios (ORs) represent the magnitude of the association between a histologic diagnosis and a mammographic finding. RESULTS: Spiculated mass without @entity730 (n = 150) and @entity730 alone (n = 79) accounted for three of four @entity5 . A spiculated mass without @entity730 was strongly associated with invasive @entity5 (OR = 12). Calcifications alone were strongly associated with @entity513 in situ (DCIS) ( @entity16133 ). In a decreasing order, the following invasive @entity5 were each associated with @entity75 without @entity730 : @entity513 grade 1 (OR = 28), @entity513 grade 2 (OR = 17), @entity1137 ( @entity24773 ), and @entity513 grade 3 (OR = 4.6). Fine linear and branching @entity730 alone were associated with not only DCIS nuclear grades 3 (OR = 17) and 2 (OR = 9.7) but also with @entity513 grade 3 ( @entity24353 ). CONCLUSION: Mammographic appearance can be a predictor of histologic diagnosis in three of four nonpalpable @entity0 .

title: Nonpalpable XXXX : mammographic appearance as predictor of histologic type.

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['spiculated lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity4794 is prevalent in this part of the world and it gives rise to wide array of manifestations. However, @entity7374 secondary to recurrent @entity2895 ( @entity244 ) is an uncommon manifestation. This case illustrates an uncommon presentation in a common disease. A 29-year-old lady presented with a 2-year history of @entity7374 . Physical examination revealed a mid-diastolic murmur and left @entity3746 . Echocardiography confirmed @entity4794 with @entity120 . She underwent percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy in 1991 with return of normal speech after a few months. The recurrent @entity2895 is mainly due to the compression by an enlarged pulmonary artery as initially thought. This complication is rarely seen nowadays due to greater awareness of the disease and earlier intervention. With the advent of percutaneous transvenous mitral valvotomy in the nineties, effective non-surgical intervention is plausible.

title: Hoarseness of Voice in a Patient with XXXX and @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness of voice']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Ortner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic mitral stenosis', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

answer: @entity4794 :: (MESH:D008946,Disease) :: ['Mitral Stenosis']


abstract: Identifying @entity209 ( @entity209 ) genes is important for novel drug development and health care. This study extends the findings on @entity1 chromosome 3p26-25 for an identified @entity28 - @entity2690 factor QTL, with an LOD score above 3. A focused association analysis comprising up to 9578 African American and Caucasian subjects from the HyperGEN Network (908 African Americans and 1025 whites), the Family Heart Study (3035 whites in time 1 and 1943 in time 2), and the Framingham Heart Study (1317 in Offspring and 1320 in Generation 3) was performed. The homologous @entity19 region was explored in an F(16) generation of an advanced intercross between the LG/J and SM/J inbred strains, in an experiment where 1002 animals were fed low-fat (247 males; 254 females) or high-fat (253 males; 248 females) diets. Association results in @entity1 indicate pleiotropic effects for SNPs within or surrounding @entity40264 on @entity28 , lipids and blood pressure traits and for SNPs near @entity19757 , @entity48677 , @entity32167 , and @entity48678 on central @entity28 and blood pressure. Linkage analyses of this region in LG/J*SM/J @entity19 identify a highly significant pleiotropic QTL peak for @entity2690 and @entity413 levels, as well as response to @entity413 challenge. The @entity19 results show that @entity2690 and @entity413 levels interact with high and low fat diets and differential gene expression was identified for @entity48679 and @entity48680 . In @entity1 , @entity48681 resides ~137kbps away from @entity6896 , expression of which shows up-regulation in response to @entity2690 treatment. This focused @entity1 genetic analysis, incorporating @entity19 research evidenced that 3p26-25 has important genetic contributions to @entity209 components. Several of the candidate genes have functions in the brain. Their interaction with @entity209 and the brain warrants further investigation.

title: Obesity- @entity2690 targeted genes in the 3p26-25 region in XXXX studies and LG/J and SM/J @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity698 is the most common cause of acute @entity490 requiring surgical intervention. The cause of @entity698 is unclear and the mechanism of pathogenesis continues to be debated. Despite improved asepsis and surgical techniques, @entity260 , such as wound @entity281 and intraabdominal abscess, still account for a significant morbidity. Several studies implicate that @entity86 are reduced by administration of antimicrobial regimes. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review is to compare the use of antibiotics with placebo or no treatment in @entity1 undergoing appendectomy. Will these @entity1 benefit from antimicrobial prophylaxis? The outcomes are described according to the nature of the appendix, as either @entity698 (including the non-infectious stage) and @entity532 . This review do not attempt to compare the effect of different regimens, a clinical question that is addressed in another review undertaken by this Group (CCCG). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library 2000 issue 4), Medline (January 1966 to September 2000), Embase and the Cochrane @entity14 Group specialised register (September 2000). In addition we manually searched the reference lists of the primary identified trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised Controlled Trials (RCT) and Controlled Clinical Trials (CCT) in which any antibiotic regime were compared to placebo in @entity1 suspected of having @entity698 undergoing appendectomy were evaluated. Both studies on @entity1 and adults were reviewed. The outcome measures of the studies were either wound @entity281 , intraabdominal abscess, length of stay in hospital or mortality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Eligibility and trial quality were assessed, recorded and cross-checked by to reviewers. MAIN RESULTS: Forty-four studies including 9298 @entity1 were included in this review. The overall result is that use of antibiotics is superior to placebo for the outcome wound @entity281 and intraabdominal abscess, with no apparent difference in the nature of the removed appendix. Studies exclusively on @entity1 and studies examining topical application reported results in favour to the above although the results were not significant. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in the prevention of @entity260 in appendectomised @entity1 , whether the administration are given pre-, per- and post-operatively and could be considered for routine in emergency appendectomies.

title: Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of XXXX after appendicectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['Appendicitis', 'appendicitis', 'simple appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complicated appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative infection']


abstract: PURPOSE: The manifest angle of the horizontal deviation in @entity751 ( @entity751 ) has been reported to reach a maximum of 8 to 10 @entity1726 . Review of the literature, however, revealed no studies about the vertical deviation associated with @entity751 . The purpose of this study is to evaluate the range of the angle of the vertical deviation in @entity751 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 who had @entity751 with vertical strabismus in the distance primary position were included in this study. All fulfilled the criteria for monofixation, fusing Worth 4 dots at near but suppressing at distance and/or having stereoacuity between 3000 and 60 seconds of arc by using Titmus stereotest and a horizontal deviation within 8 @entity1726 of orthophoria by simultaneous prism and cover test. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: @entity1 with @entity15170 without @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) (group I), @entity1 with only @entity4785 (group II), and @entity1 with both @entity15170 and @entity4785 (group III). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (45.0%) had @entity15170 only (group I), 15 (37.5%) had @entity4785 only (group II), and 7 (17.5%) had both (group III). In groups I and III the angle of @entity15170 by simultaneous prism and cover test was 2 to 6 @entity1726 (mean, 3.9 @entity1726 ) and in group II and III the angle of @entity4785 was 4 to 14 @entity1726 (mean, 7.5 @entity1726 ) at distance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in @entity751 the angle of @entity15170 can range up to a maximum of 6 @entity1726 . However, monofixation was observed in @entity1 with a larger absolute angle of @entity4785 (up to 14 @entity1726 ), possibly due to an intermittent nature of the @entity4785 .

title: Vertical strabismus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15170 :: ('MESH:D013285', 'Disease') :: ['hypertropia']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['DVD', 'any dissociated vertical deviation']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'monofixation syndrome']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['monofixation syndrome']


abstract: @entity134 hormones released immediately before and after birth provoke @entity4998 . Further, @entity134 hormones secreted during adolescence also exert long lasting effects on the nervous system. Hormones secreted during development may act through two distinct pathways: (1) hormones can directly affect neuron and synapse elimination and (2) endocrine changes in the nervous system may occur secondary to changes in social behaviors. Therefore, a critical period for organization of the nervous system by @entity134 hormones during adolescence may also be a sensitive period for the effects of social experience. The overall goal of this experiment was to determine whether the opportunity to mate with a sexually receptive female during this adolescent critical period would have enduring effects on behavior and neuronal morphology into adulthood. A second question was to determine the extent to which @entity251 mediated the effects of these social interactions on adult outcomes. Compared to sexually inexperienced hamsters and those that experienced sex for the first time in adulthood, hamsters that experienced adolescent sexual experience displayed @entity146 responses. Adolescent sexual experiences decreased the complexity and length of dendrites on prefrontal cortical neurons and increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) in the PFC. In a second experiment, administration of @entity251 during the adolescent period largely recapitulated the effects of adolescent sexual experience. These data support the overall hypothesis that a sensitive period extends into adolescence and that salient social stimuli during this time can significantly and persistently alter adult phenotype.

title: Sexual experience and XXXX during adolescence alter adult neuronal morphology and behavior.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['sexual differentiation of neural circuits']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavioral']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: We have used a @entity19 bone marrow transplantation (BMT) model to study the safety of retrovirus-mediated transfer of anti- @entity778 genes (RevM10 and @entity778 -1 pol antisense) into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). In particular, we have monitored the hematologic recovery post-BMT and transgene expression in myeloid and lymphoid lineages, and analyzed tissue sections for evidence of any transgene-related pathological condition. Expression of anti- @entity778 genes had no effect on kinetics of hematologic recovery post-BMT. The average time to reach 20% of normal cell counts was 15-17 days for white blood cells and 12-14 days for platelets, and the average time to reach complete recovery was 42-56 days for leukocytes and 104-161 days for platelets. Hematocrit levels were not significantly affected by irradiation and transplantation procedures. Donor chimerism was uniformly > or =90% in all transplanted animals. At 4-5 weeks post-BMT transgene expression was detected in peripheral blood leukocytes in 100% of the animals and ranged from 4.5 to 44.7%. In a majority of the animals the percentage of transgene-expressing cells in circulation decreased over time but remained detectable for the length of the study (>6 months). Expression was detected in all analyzed cell lineages (RBCs, platelets, monocytes, granulocytes, and T and B cells). Relative counts of various leukocytes ( @entity3804 + monocytes, Gr1+ granulocytes, CD3+ T cells, and B220+ B cells) were normal. There were no treatment-related histopathological changes in a wide range of tissues examined. In addition, there were no treatment effects on differential leukocyte counts, and morphology of peripheral blood and bone marrow brush smears. In summary, transfer and expression of the RevM10 and the @entity778 -1 antisense genes into hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in vivo appears safe. We propose that the @entity19 bone marrow transplantation model could be used to evaluate some safety aspects of HSPC-based gene therapies.

title: Hematologic recovery in XXXX transplanted with bone marrow stem cells expressing anti-human immunodeficiency virus genes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of simultaneous changes in cortical porosity, tissue mineral density, and elastic properties on radial speed of sound (SOS) in cortical bone. The authors applied quantitative pulse-echo (PE) ultrasound techniques that hold much potential especially for screening of @entity170 at primary healthcare facilities. Currently, most PE measurements of cortical thickness, a well-known indicator of @entity174 risk, use a predefined estimate for SOS in bone to calculate thickness. Due to variation of cortical bone porosity, the use of a constant SOS value propagates to an unknown error in cortical thickness assessment by PE ultrasound. METHODS: The authors conducted 2.25 and 5.00 MHz focused PE ultrasound time of flight measurements on femoral diaphyses of 18 cadavers in vitro. Cortical porosities of the samples were determined using microcomputed tomography and related to SOS in the samples. Additionally, the effect of cortical bone porosity and mechanical properties of the calcified matrix on SOS was investigated using numerical finite difference time domain simulations. RESULTS: Both experimental measurements and simulations demonstrated significant negative correlation between radial SOS and cortical porosity (R(2) >=  0.493, p < 0.01 and R(2) >=  0.989, p < 0.01, respectively). When a constant SOS was assumed for cortical bone, the error due to variation of cortical bone porosity (4.9%-16.4%) was about 6% in the cortical thickness assessment in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a predefined, constant value for radial SOS in cortical bone, i.e., neglecting the effect of measured variation in cortical porosity, propagated to an error of 6% in cortical thickness. This error can be critical as characteristic cortical thinning of 1.10%    1.06% per yr decreases bending strength of the distal radius and results in @entity2100 in postmenopausal @entity1 . Provided that the cortical porosity can be estimated in vivo, the relationship between radial SOS and cortical porosity can be utilized and a porosity based radial SOS estimate could be implemented to determine cortical thickness. This would constitute a step toward individualized quantitative ultrasound diagnostics of @entity170 .

title: Effect of porosity, tissue density, and mechanical properties on radial sound speed in XXXX cortical bone.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['increased fragility']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity44 of the thyroid in adults is a rare @entity5 and is usually seen in young females. Most of the thyroid @entity44 are malignant. The @entity5 appears as a dominant mass in the thyroid gland and is often associated with local lymph node involvement. We describe our experience of primary @entity5 of the thyroid in two young @entity1 who were treated with aggressive chemotherapy and surgical intervention. METHODS: Medical records of two @entity1 treated between 1993 and 1995 were reviewed. Both @entity1 were @entity1 (36 years old and 34 years old). The diagnosis of primary @entity5 of the thyroid was made on the basis of clinical, radiographic, and microscopic findings. @entity1 were treated with aggressive combination chemotherapy consisting of alternating regimens similar to those used for high-volume germ-cell @entity5 @entity1 at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center. RESULTS: One of the @entity1 demonstrated a partial response to chemotherapy and underwent postchemotherapy surgery for @entity66 . The other @entity1 had a complete response to chemotherapy. Both @entity1 are alive and disease free for 32- and 26-plus months. CONCLUSIONS: Primary @entity5 of the thyroid is sensitive to combination chemotherapy. It appears that the treatment strategy offered-aggressive induction chemotherapy with planned surgery for @entity66 , similar to that for @entity1 with @entity5 -has the potential to provide a durable, complete remission.

title: Primary XXXX of the thyroid gland: report and discussion of two cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant teratoma', 'testicular tumors', 'Cancer', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['removal of residual disease']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'Teratoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant teratoma']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the influence of locally active @entity30 on @entity1319 in @entity1 with chronic @entity30 compared to healthy individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifteen healthy individuals (11 @entity1 , four @entity1 ; mean age 37 years) and 20 @entity1 with histopathologically proven active (n = 15; 10 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age 45 years) or chronic (n = 5; four @entity1 , one @entity1 ; mean age 48 years) @entity30 were included in this institutional review board-approved, retrospective study. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 1.5 T) was performed after standardized preparation. Two-dimensional (2D) cine sequences for motility acquisition were performed in apnoea (27 s). Motility assessment was performed using dedicated software in three randomly chosen areas of the small-bowel outside known @entity30 -affected hotspots. The main quantitative characteristics (frequency, amplitude, occlusion rate) were compared using Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Three randomly chosen segments were analysed in each @entity1 . @entity1 with active @entity30 had significantly (p < 0.05) reduced contraction frequencies (active @entity30 : 2.86/min; chronic: 4.14/min; healthy: 4.53/min) and luminal occlusion rates (active: 0.43; chronic: 0.70; healthy: 0.73) compared to healthy individuals and @entity1 with chronic @entity30 . Contraction amplitudes were significantly reduced during active @entity30 (6.71 mm) compared to healthy @entity1 (10.14 mm), but this only reached borderline significance in comparison to chronic @entity30 (8.87 mm). Mean bowel lumen diameter was significantly (p = 0.04) higher in @entity1 with active @entity30 (16.91 mm) compared to healthy @entity1 (14.79 mm) but not in comparison to @entity1 with chronic @entity30 (13.68). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that local inflammatory activity of small-bowel segments in @entity1 with active @entity30 @entity1319 in distant, non-affected segments. The motility patterns revealed reduced contraction-wave frequencies, amplitudes, and decreased luminal occlusion rates. Thus evaluation of these characteristics potentially helps to differentiate between chronic and active @entity30 .

title: Differentiation between active and chronic XXXX using MRI small-bowel motility examinations - initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['alters small-bowel motility', 'systemic small-bowel motility']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasound, genetic and clinical correlations are available for ADPKD-1, but lacking for @entity28046 . The present study was carried out to address: (i) the age-related diagnostic usefulness of ultrasound compared with genetic linkage studies; (ii) the age-related incidence and prevalence of relevant symptoms and complications; and (iii) the age and causes of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity28046 . METHODS: Two hundred and eleven alive subjects, from three @entity28046 families at 50% risk, were evaluated by physical examination, consultation of hospital records, biochemical parameters, ultrasound and with genetic linkage and DNA mutation analyses. Nineteen deceased and affected family members were also included in the study. RESULTS: Of the 211 alive members, DNA linkage studies and direct mutation analyses showed that 106 were affected and 105 were not. Ultrasound indicated 94 affected, 108 not affected and nine equivocal results in nine @entity1 under the age of 15. For all ages, the false-positive diagnostic rate for ultrasound was 7.5% and the false-negative rate was 12.9%. The difference between ultrasound and DNA findings was most evident in @entity1 aged 5-14 years where the ultrasound was correct in only 50% and wrong or inconclusive in the remaining 50%. The mean age of the 106 alive, @entity28046 genetically affected @entity1 was 37.9 years (range: 6-66 years). Among them, 23.5% had experienced episodes of @entity158 , 22.6% were treated for @entity101 , 22.6% had experienced at least one urinary tract infection, 19.8% had @entity1790 , 11.3% had at least one episode of haematuria, 9.4% had asymptomatic @entity96 , 7.5% had developed @entity177 and 0.9% had reached @entity454 . Of the 19 deceased members, nine died before reaching @entity454 at a mean age of 58.7 years (range: 40-68 years), mainly due to @entity455 , while the remaining 10 died on haemodialysis at a mean age of 71.4 years (range: 66-82 years). CONCLUSIONS: DNA analysis is the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity28046 , especially in young @entity1 . Ultrasound diagnosis is highly dependent on age. Under the age of 14, ultrasound is not recommended as a routine diagnostic procedure, but ultrasound becomes 100% reliable in excluding @entity28046 in family members at 50% risk, over the age of 30. @entity28046 represents a mild variant of @entity8 with a low prevalence of symptoms and a late onset of @entity454 .

title: XXXX . Ultrasound, genetic and clinical correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['renal pain']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-type 2']