abstract: OBJECTIVES: To validate the safety profile of a rapid ELISA D-dimer as the first diagnostic step in the clinical suspicion of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) in outpatients admitted to an @entity341 ( @entity341 ), and to retrospectively evaluate the appropriateness of the physician's prescription. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational study of all @entity1 admitted to the @entity341 of an urban university teaching hospital with signs and symptoms justifying the prescription of a rapid ELISA D-dimer measurement (Vidas; Biomerieux; France) as the first line diagnostic test for @entity1151 . Acute @entity1151 was established or excluded according to an appropriate combination of the D-dimer concentration, the lung scintigraphy, the spiral computerized tomography (spiral CT), the venous ultrasonography, and the arteriography in case of uncertain results. All @entity1 with D-dimer values under the cut-off point of 500 ng/ml were followed up after 6 months. RESULTS: 395 @entity1 were studied. A normal D-dimer concentration < 500 ng/ml was found in 179 @entity1 (45% of the cohort). The retrospective analysis showed that none of these @entity1 were found to have a high pre-test clinical probability. None of these 179 patients received anticoagulation nor displayed a @entity1151 event during a 6-month period (negative predictive value 100%; 95% CI, 98.0 to 100%; sensitivity 100%; 95% CI, 90.3 to 100%). Among the 216 @entity1 (55%) with D-dimer values above 500 ng/ml, @entity1151 was confirmed in 32 cases, for a prevalence of the disease of 8.1%. Eighty-six @entity1 (22%) had no additional testing in spite of positive D dimer values > 500 ng/ml, pointing out a 22% rate of inappropriate use of the D-dimer measurement. CONCLUSION: This observational study confirms that a normal rapid ELISA D-dimer value (< 500 ng/ml) used as a first diagnostic step in ruling out the diagnosis of @entity1151 is a safe clinical practice when the pre-test clinical probability is low or intermediate. Nevertheless, the low prevalence rate of the disease (8.1%) suggests a potential overused and inappropriate prescription.

title: ELISA D-dimer measurement for the clinical suspicion of @entity1151 in the XXXX : one-year observational study of the safety profile and physician's prescription.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the reliable identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a number of loci associated with increased risk of specific common @entity1 diseases. Each such locus implicates multiple possible candidate SNPs for involvement in disease mechanism. A variety of mechanisms may link the presence of an SNP to altered in vivo gene product function and hence contribute to disease risk. Here, we report an analysis of the role of one of these mechanisms, missense SNPs (msSNPs) in proteins in seven complex trait diseases. Linkage disequilibrium information was used to identify possible candidate msSNPs associated with increased disease risk at each of 356 loci for the seven diseases. Two computational methods were used to estimate which of these SNPs has a significant impact on in vivo protein function. 69% of the loci have at least one candidate msSNP and 33% have at least one predicted high-impact msSNP. In some cases, these SNPs are in well-established disease-related proteins, such as @entity39915 ( @entity39915 ) for @entity30 . In others, they are in proteins identified by GWAS as likely candidates for disease relevance, but previously without known mechanism, such as @entity2105 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13) for @entity453 . In still other cases, the missense SNPs are in proteins not previously suggested as disease candidates, such as @entity53308 ( @entity53308 ) for @entity101 . Together, these data support a substantial role for this class of SNPs in susceptibility to common @entity1 disease.

title: Genetic Basis of Common XXXX Disease: Insight into the Role of Missense SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies.

entities_list: @entity39915 :: ('4485', 'Gene') :: ['MST1', 'macrophage stimulating 1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) enables highly conformal treatment for @entity259 ( @entity259 ). In this study, we review outcomes/ @entity137 in a series of @entity259 @entity1 treated with IMRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between July 2001 and January 2004, 20 nonanaplastic @entity259 @entity1 underwent IMRT. Mean age was 55. There were 3 T2 and 17 T4 @entity1 . Sixteen @entity1 had N1 disease. Seven @entity1 had metastases before RT. Fifteen underwent surgery before RT. Radioactive @entity1496 (RAI) and chemotherapy were used in 70% and 40%, respectively. Median total RT dose was 63 Gy. RESULTS: With two local failures, 2-year local progression-free rate was 85%. There were six deaths, with a 2-year overall survival rate of 60%. For @entity1 with M0 disease, the 2-year distant metastases-free rate was 46%. The worst acute @entity33 and @entity7551 was Grade 3 (n = 7 and 3, respectively). Two @entity1 had Grade 3 acute @entity137 and 2 had Grade 3 acute @entity137 . No significant radiation-related late effects were reported. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT for @entity259 is feasible and effective in appropriately selected cases. Acute @entity137 is manageable with proactive clinical care. Ideal planning target volume doses have yet to be determined. Additional @entity1 and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to clarify late @entity137 .

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of nonanaplastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity', 'laryngeal toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer', 'TC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['thyroid cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is wide variation in language abilities among young @entity1 with @entity72 ( @entity72 ), with some toddlers developing age-appropriate language while others remain minimally verbal after age 5. Conflicting findings exist regarding predictors of language outcomes in @entity72 and various methodological issues limit the conclusions that can be drawn about factors associated with positive language growth that could provide insights into more effective intervention approaches for increasing communication skills. METHODS: Language development was investigated in 129 @entity1 with @entity72 participating in four assessments from mean age 2    years (Visit 1) through 5    years (Visit 4). Language ability was measured by a clinician-administered test of comprehension and production. @entity3628 was used to identify predictors of language ability. Stability of language status was examined in subgroups of Preverbal versus Verbal @entity1 identified at Visit 1. Discriminant function analysis was used to classify another subset of cases according to Low Language (minimally verbal) versus High Language outcome at Visit 4. RESULTS: @entity72 severity was a significant predictor of growth in both language comprehension and production during the preschool period, while cognition predicted growth in production. For the highest and lowest language performers at Visit 4, cognition, maternal education, and response to joint attention correctly classified over 80% of total cases. The vast majority of @entity1 who were preverbal at 2    years attained some level of verbal skills by 5    years. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate that it is possible, by 2    years, to predict language growth for @entity1 with @entity72 across the preschool years and identify factors that discriminate between @entity1 who remain minimally verbal at 5    years from those with high language proficiency. Results suggest that early intervention focused on reducing core @entity72 symptoms may also be important for facilitating language development in young @entity1 with @entity72 .

title: Preschool language variation, growth, and predictors in XXXX on the autism spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear modeling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Contaminants from various sources are curious findings in cervicovaginal smears and pose diagnostic challenges especially when they need to be distinguished from pathogens. Candidiasis is the most frequently encountered @entity364 but fungal contaminants are relatively common. Detection of fruiting bodies and spores of Aspergillus species is uncommon and may represent either a true @entity281 or contamination. This study was undertaken to evaluate the presence of fungal spores, hyphae, and fruiting bodies in routine cervical smears and distinguish a true @entity281 from contamination. METHODS: Conventional cervicovaginal smears collected from @entity1 were incidentally found to have fungal fruiting bodies and spores. All smears received in the Cytology Department during that one month were reviewed for the presence of these elements. RESULTS: Five out of the 120 smears, received from the outpatient department over a period of three consecutive days, showed evidence of fungal organisms. The @entity1 were 28-59 years of age. While four @entity1 were asymptomatic, only one @entity1 complained of minimal vaginal discharge. All were immunocompetent. Cervicovaginal smears were prepared as part of routine screening. Fungal fruiting bodies, branching hyphae and numerous spores were seen in otherwise normal smears. Culture of scrapings from the surface of the wooden spatulas grew @entity11150 . CONCLUSIONS: Contamination of Pap smears by fungus must be distinguished from true @entity281 , the latter being supported by positive clinical findings and the presence of significant @entity32 in the smears. Literature review was done to see the range of contaminants detected in Pap smears. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017.    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Fungal spores and fruiting bodies in cervicovaginal smears: Contaminant or XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity1 embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines have been derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts. Five hESC lines have been derived from 32 discarded blastocysts in Taiwan, and these lines have since been continuously cultured on mitotically inactivated @entity19 embryonic fibroblasts as feeder in the hESC medium for more than 44 passages and underwent freezing/thawing processes. All of five hESC lines expressed characteristic undifferentiated hESC markers such as SSEA-4, TRA-1-81, alkaline phosphatase, @entity2215 , transcription factors @entity4729 ( @entity4729 ), and @entity2440 . The hESC lines T1 and T3 possess normal female karyotypes, whereas lines T4 and T5 are normal male, but line T2 is male trisomy 12 (47XY,+12). The hESC lines T1, T2, T3, and T5 were able to produce @entity44 in @entity915 @entity19 , and line T4 could only form embryoid bodies in vitro. Global gene expression profiles of single colonies of these five hESC lines were analyzed using Affymetrix @entity1 genome U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip. The results showed that 4,145 transcripts, including 19% of unknown functions, were detected in all five hESC lines. Comparison of the 4,145 genes commonly expressed in the five hESC lines with those genes expressed in @entity44 produced by hESC line T1 and placenta revealed 40 genes exclusively expressed in all five hESC lines. These 40 genes include the previously reported @entity3308 genes such as @entity4729 ( @entity4729 ), @entity2440 , @entity31014 ( @entity31014 ), @entity15693 , @entity22411 , and @entity29146 responsible for self-renewal and pluripotent differentiation. The global gene expression analysis also indicated that the @entity2533 /activin branch components inhibin BC, @entity19126 , @entity15703 ( @entity15703 ), @entity7382 ( @entity7382 ), and @entity2536 were found to be highly expressed in undifferentiated states of these five hESC lines and decreased upon differentiation. The epigenetic states and expression of 32 known imprinted genes in these five hESC lines and/or differentiated derivatives were also investigated. In short, the hESC nature of these five hESC lines is supported by the undifferentiated state, extensive renewal capacity, and pluripotency, including the ability to form @entity44 and/or embryoid bodies; and these cell lines will be useful for research on @entity1 embryonic stem cell biology and drug development/ @entity137 testing. The epigenetic states and expression of imprinted genes in hESC lines should be thoroughly studied after extended culture and upon differentiation in order to understand epigenetic stability in hESC lines before their clinical applications.

title: Characterization and gene expression profiling of five XXXX embryonic stem cell lines derived in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The PI3K/ @entity584 / @entity3470 pathway is aberrantly activated in many @entity5 including @entity11 and @entity2946 . Preclinical data in a pediatric @entity11 model demonstrated that the combination of @entity16449 ( @entity584 inhibitor) and @entity13850 ( @entity3470 inhibitor) is more potent at inhibiting the axis than either agent alone. We conducted this study to assess pharmacokinetics and identify the maximum tolerated dose for the combination. PROCEDURE: We performed a standard 3+3 phase I, open-label, dose-escalation study in @entity1 with recurrent/refractory @entity5 . Four dose levels of @entity16449 (25-75 mg/m(2) /day) and @entity13850 (25-75 mg/m(2) IV weekly) were investigated. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (median age 8.5 years) with @entity1313 ( @entity11 [ @entity11 ] n = 8, high-grade @entity11 n = 6, medulloblastoma n = 2, @entity424 n = 1), @entity521 (n = 4), or @entity980 (n = 2) were treated. The combination was generally well tolerated and no dose-limiting @entity137 was encountered. The most common grade 3 or 4 @entity137 (at least possibly related) were @entity882 (38.1%), @entity1398 (23.8%), @entity2905 (23.8%), and @entity1007 (19.0%). Pharmacokinetic findings for @entity13850 were similar to those observed in the @entity13850 single-agent phase II pediatric study and pharmacokinetic findings for @entity16449 were similar to those in adults. Stable disease was seen in 9 of 11 subjects with @entity11 or high-grade @entity11 ; no partial or complete responses were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of these @entity584 and @entity3470 inhibitors was safe and feasible in @entity1 with recurrent/refractory @entity5 .

title: A phase I study of @entity16449 with XXXX for recurrent @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity13850 :: ('MESH:C401859', 'Chemical') :: ['temsirolimus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity16449 :: ('MESH:C105905', 'Chemical') :: ['perifosine']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma', 'gliomas', 'DIPG', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastomas']

answer: @entity13850 :: (MESH:C401859,Chemical) :: ['temsirolimus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bleeding and @entity715 events are among the most common complications detected in @entity1 with mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Herein, we reviewed the available evidence on the prevalence, etiology, and management of @entity548 and @entity715 events in @entity1 following MCS procedures, such as implantation of both intra- and paracorporeal devices that generate either pulsatile or nonpulsatile flow. Extracorporeal life support procedures providing support to the failing heart and lungs were also reviewed. Most @entity548 and @entity1031 events occur despite appropriate hemostatic and anticoagulation management based on conventional coagulation laboratory parameters. Prevalence of @entity548 events in this population ranges between 5 and 81%. Wide range in prevalence of @entity548 reported in literature may be explained by different devices with different anticoagulation protocols being used, as well as different definitions of @entity548 outcomes. Although @entity548 events are more common than @entity1031 events, the consequences of @entity715 events are often detrimental. Management of @entity548 events remains challenging and measures to prevent and treat @entity548 events are often followed by @entity1031 events. Therefore, a personalized approach based on point-of-care hemostatic tests and adjusted to device type and @entity1 comorbidities is therefore warranted. To provide advanced understanding of hemostatic disturbances during MCS, prospective trials focused on @entity548 and @entity1031 events as primary endpoints should be conducted. Better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and a shift towards a personalized approach based on functional point-of-care hemostatic properties assessment may provide more favorable clinical outcomes. This should, however, be coupled with further technological improvements providing better device surface hemocompatibility as interaction between blood and device surface affects the hemostatic equilibrium.

title: Bleeding and @entity715 Events in XXXX Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Review of Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The correlation between incidence of @entity195 and variables determined in baseline health examinations was analyzed in a retrospective cohort study. The study cohort was assembled in 1965 and followed up to 1985. A survey of @entity303 was performed on those alive in 1985, and on the decreased through their families who were queried about his or her condition just before @entity204 . The survey was conducted by public health nurses and assistants. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There was a slightly higher incidence in @entity1 and incidence for both sexes demonstrated an increase with age. 2. Analysis by cause of @entity204 showed increased @entity204 by @entity66 for both @entity1 and @entity1 , and by @entity65 for @entity1 , but decreased @entity204 from @entity5 . 3. Correlations of @entity195 with @entity101 and @entity633 findings at the initial examination were seen. In addition, results of fundus oculi examination in @entity1 , and electrocardiography in @entity1 were also regarded as risk factors for the occurrence of @entity195 . 4. Comparative analysis showed higher incidence among farmers rather than fishermen, and in drinkers rather than nondrinkers, while no relation was found to smoking habits.

title: [Relationship between XXXX and findings of an initial health examination--a 20 year retrospective cohort study of Kamo Village (1965 to 1985)].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['senile dementia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['senile dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the American-European Consensus Conference (AECC) definition of @entity649 ( @entity649 ) to autopsy findings. METHODS: All @entity1 who died in the intensive care unit of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora University Hospital between 1995 and 2003 and were submitted to autopsy were included in the study. @entity1 clinical charts were reviewed to establish whether cases met the AECC criteria for a diagnosis of @entity649 , histologically defined as the presence of @entity16 ( @entity16 ). RESULTS: During the study period, 592 @entity1 died, and 22 were submitted to autopsy. Of those 22 @entity1 , 10 (45%) met the AECC criteria, and 7 (32%) met the histopathological criteria for @entity16 . The AECC clinical criteria presented a sensitivity of 71% (95%CI: 36-92%) and a specificity of 67% (95%CI: 42-85%). The positive and negative predictive values were, respectively, 50 and 83%, whereas the positive and negative likelihood ratios were, respectively, 2.33 and 0.47. The histopathological findings in the 5 @entity1 who met AECC criteria but did not present @entity16 were @entity55 (n = 2), @entity1151 (n = 1), @entity378 (n = 1), and @entity1328 (n = 1). CONCLUSION: The accuracy of the AECC definition of @entity649 was godless than satisfactory. Due to the low positive predictive value and the low positive likelihood ratio, other hypotheses must be considered when @entity649 is suspected.

title: Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of XXXX in comparison with autopsy findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'DAD']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1328 :: ('MESH:D003453', 'Disease') :: ['cryptococcosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: In @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 , breast surgery followed by immediate breast reconstruction ( @entity1585 ) might favour recurrences and @entity3 due to extensive surgical manipulation. We retrospectively investigated whether @entity1585 after mastectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NT) influenced the outcome in @entity1 with early and locally advanced @entity2931 receptor (ER)-negative @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 133 @entity0 @entity1 received NT followed by total mastectomy, 59 of whom underwent @entity1585 . @entity1 receiving @entity1585 ( @entity1585 group) were compared to @entity1 who did not receive @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ) over a prolonged median follow-up time (8.2 years). RESULTS: @entity1 receiving @entity1585 were on average younger than @entity1 not receiving @entity1585 (p<0.001). The percentage of @entity1 with positive clinical nodal status (cN) was 19% in the @entity1585 group and 7% in @entity1585 (p=0.036), whereas @entity1 without @entity1585 were more frequently diagnosed as clinical T4 (59% vs. 15%, p<0.001). The 5-year cumulative incidence of locoregional recurrences were 14% in the @entity1585 and 21% in the @entity1585 group. The hazard of locoregional events, adjusted for age, clinical T and cN, was significantly greater in the @entity1585 group than in the @entity1585 (hazard ratio (HR)=2.77, p=0.045). The 5-year cumulative incidences of distant @entity3 were similar in the two groups (p=0.414). CONCLUSION: @entity1585 following total mastectomy in @entity1 with ER-negative disease after NT is associated with a worse rate of local relapses. More insight in mechanisms of wound healing and extent of surgery is required to further investigate this observation.

title: Does immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy influence the outcome of XXXX with @entity0 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['no-IBR group', 'IBR']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this report was to compare @entity2635 vs. @entity291 pericardial patching during CEA with regards to the incidence of early neurologic events and recurrent @entity850 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with high grade symptomatic (14%) or asymptomatic (86%) @entity543 (>70%) who underwent 139 CEAs by a single surgeon between January 1997 and April 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 were assessed postoperatively clinically and with routine follow-up duplex scanning. Recurrent @entity850 was defined as a narrowing in the common or internal carotid artery of more than 50% by duplex ultrasound examination. RESULTS: From January 1997 to May 1999, a @entity2635 patch was routinely used in 81 (58%) @entity1 , while between June 1999 and April 2001, a @entity291 pericardium patch was exclusively used in 59 (42%) @entity1 . There were no ipsilateral postoperative TIAs or strokes in either group. The combined 30-day mortality rate for both groups was 0.8%. One @entity1 in the @entity2635 patch group died from cardiopulmonary complications 10 days after discharge. The length of follow-up in the @entity291 pericardial patch group was 3-28 months (mean 12 months), while in the @entity2635 patch group was 1-50 months (mean 24.5 month). One @entity1 developed a @entity1914 of the suture line in the @entity291 pericardium patch group caused by a @entity281 after previous neck dissection and radiation. The incidence of recurrent @entity850 was two @entity1 (4%) in the @entity291 pericardium group as opposed to six @entity1 (7.6%) in the @entity2635 patch group. CONCLUSION: Although this is a preliminary report, it is concluded that @entity291 pericardium provides excellent perioperative results and is at least comparable to @entity2635 patching in terms of safety. Our study with short term follow up suggests that @entity291 pericardium patching during carotid endarterectomy may have a lower @entity256 rate compared to knitted @entity2635 patching. Clear superiority of @entity291 pericardium as a patch material awaits a prospective randomised study with long-term follow-up.

title: @entity2635 vs. @entity291 pericardial patching during carotid endarterectomy: early neurologic events and incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1914 :: ('MESH:D020212', 'Disease') :: ['carotid pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['local infection']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: The @entity21703 , @entity6560 (MCT), is a plant toxin that causes injury to the vasculature of the lungs and @entity120 in animals. To produce @entity651 , MCT is bioactivated in the liver by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases to pyrrolic metabolites which travel via the circulation to the lungs, where they cause injury by unknown mechanisms. One putative metabolite of MCT is @entity42223 ( @entity42223 , @entity43944 ), a moderately reactive, bifunctional alkylating agent. A single, iv injection of chemically synthesized @entity43944 into @entity35 causes delayed and progressive @entity1317 and @entity120 similar to that caused by MCT itself. Since pulmonary vascular endothelium is likely an important target of @entity43944 in vivo, the effects of @entity43944 on cultured endothelium were studied. A single application of @entity43944 to confluent monolayers of cultured endothelium from @entity291 pulmonary artery results in release of @entity880 dehydrogenase, some cell detachment from the growth surface and markedly altered morphology of remaining viable cells. These effects are dose-dependent and, as in vivo, are delayed in onset (1-2 days) and progressive. In endothelial cells of porcine origin, these particular responses to @entity43944 are also apparent but much less pronounced. Inhibition of proliferation of cells plated at low density occurred in both cell types at nominal @entity43944 concentrations (0.5 micrograms/ml) that were not overtly cytotoxic. These results indicate that @entity43944 causes a direct, dose-dependent injury to pulmonary vascular endothelium in culture that is delayed and progressive and suggest a mechanism by which MCT may act in vivo to cause @entity651 and @entity120 .

title: XXXX from @entity42223 , a putative hepatic metabolite.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['lung vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity21703 :: ('CHEBI:64948', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrrolizidine alkaloid']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity42223 :: ('MESH:C014114', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline pyrrole', 'dehydromonocrotaline']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['Lung vascular injury']


abstract: Perianal injection of @entity736 (Teflon or Polytef) paste was used in the treatment of 11 @entity1 with partial @entity1241 which followed internal sphincterotomy in 7 @entity1 and was idiopathic in 4. All @entity1 had been incontinent for more than 4 years, and had failed to respond to conservative measures. 5 ml of Polytef paste were injected, without anesthesia, in the @entity135 , above the pectinate line at each of the 3 and 9 o'clock positions. @entity1 were followed for 18 to 24 months. They were categorized into 3 scores: 1, cured; 2, improved, and 3, no change. Long-term cure (score 1) occurred in 45.4% after the 1st injection and in 63.6% after the 2nd injection. 36.4% showed partial improvement (score 2). No failures occurred. Improvement is believed to be due to the increase in rectal neck pressure produced by the cushion-effect of the polytef submucosal injection. The technique is simple, easy and without complications. It is performed on an outpatient basis.

title: @entity736 injection for the treatment of partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neck submucosa']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity281 are at increased risk for developing @entity810 ( @entity810 ), and @entity810 is associated with an increased risk for @entity281 . Both conditions are associated with prolonged length of stay (LOS) and worse outcome; however, little data exist on the epidemiology of @entity281 in this specific cohort. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of @entity281 in a cohort of @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT). In addition, we assessed whether this @entity281 worsened outcome. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: General intensive care unit (ICU) in an academic tertiary care center comprising a 22-bed surgical ICU, eight-bed cardiac surgery ICU, 14-bed medical ICU, and six-bed burn center. @entity1 : Six hundred forty-seven consecutive @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 treated with RRT, admitted between 2000 and 2004. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: total of 519 (80.2%), 193 (29.8%), 66 (10.2%), and ten (1.5%) @entity1 developed one, two, three, and four episodes of @entity281 , respectively. Of 788 episodes of @entity281 observed, 364 (46.2%) occurred before, 318 (40.3%) during, and 106 (13.4%) after discontinuation of RRT. @entity55 (54.3%) was most frequent, followed by intra-abdominal (11.9%) and @entity293 (9.7%). Infections were caused by Gram-negative organisms in 33.7%, Gram-positive organisms in 21.6%, and @entity375 in 9.8%. @entity1 with @entity281 had higher mortality (p = 0.04) and longer ICU and hospital LOS. They needed more vasoactive therapy and spent more time on mechanical ventilation and RRT (all p < 0.001) than @entity1 without @entity281 . After adjustment for potential confounders, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, age, mechanical ventilation, and vasoactive therapy were associated with worse outcome, but @entity281 was not. CONCLUSIONS: Infection occurred in four fifths of @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 treated with RRT and was in an unadjusted analysis associated with longer LOS and higher mortality. After correction for other covariates, @entity281 was no longer associated with in-hospital mortality.

title: Epidemiology of @entity3124 XXXX with @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate proinflammatory cytokines and leukocyte subpopulations in cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) and blood of @entity829 @entity1 post-treatment; and to compare inflammatory cytokines in CSF and blood in 6 @entity1 treated with two @entity1192 blockers, anakinra and canakinumab. METHODS: We immunophenotyped CSF on 17 anakinra-treated pediatric @entity829 @entity1 during routine follow-up visits between December 2011 and October 2013 and analyzed CSF cytokine levels in baseline and 3-5 years follow-up samples compared to healthy controls. RESULTS: Elevated CSF @entity650 , @entity371 / @entity371 , @entity8923 levels, and monocyte and granulocytes counts significantly decreased with anakinra treatment, but did not normalize to control levels, even in @entity1 fulfilling criteria of "clinical remission" (CR). CSF @entity650 and @entity8923 levels significantly correlate with measures of blood brain barrier (BBB) function, specifically CSF protein (r=0.75; r=0.81 respectively); and albumin quotient (r=0.79, r=0.68 respectively). Median CSF WBC levels (10.2 vs. 3.7cell/mm3) and CSF @entity650 levels (150.7 vs. 28.5pg/ml) were significantly higher when @entity1 received canakinumab than anakinra despite similar serum cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS: CSF leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine levels significantly improve with optimized @entity1192 blocking treatment but do not normalize. The correlation of CSF @entity650 , @entity371 / @entity371 and @entity8923 with clinical-laboratory measures of @entity32 and BBB function suggests a role as biomarkers in CNS @entity32 . The difference in inhibition of CSF biomarkers between two @entity1192 blocking agents, anakinra and canakinumab, suggests differences in efficacy in the intrathecal compartment, with anakinra being more effective. Our data indicate that intrathecal immune responses shape CNS @entity32 and should be assessed in addition to blood markers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: CSF cytokines correlate with aseptic meningitis and blood brain barrier function in XXXX ( @entity829 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity829 :: (MESH:D056587,Disease) :: ['Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost-benefit of using @entity6759 compared with @entity452 , in the perioperative treatment of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery who require inotropic support. METHODS: A two-part Markov model was designed to simulate health-state transitions of @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery, and estimate the short- and long-term health benefits of treatment. Hospital length of stay (LOS), mortality, medication, and adverse events were key clinical- and cost-inputs. Cost-benefits were evaluated in terms of costs and bed stays within the German healthcare system. Drug prices were calculated from the German Drug Directory (   /2014) and published literature, with a 3% annual discount rate applied. The base case analysis was for a 1-year time horizon. RESULTS: The use of @entity6759 vs @entity452 was associated with cost savings of    4787 per @entity1 from the German hospital perspective due to reduced adverse events and shorter hospital LOS, leading to increased bed capacity and hospital revenue. LIMITATIONS: A pharmacoeconomic calculation for the specific situation of the German healthcare system that is based on international clinical trial carries a substantial risk of disregarding potentially relevant but unknown confounding factors (i.e., ICU-staffing, co-medications, standard-ICU care vs fast-tracking, etc.) that may either attenuate or increase the outcome pharmacoeconomic effects of a drug; however, since these conditions would also apply for @entity1 treated with comparators, their net effects may not necessarily influence the conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The use of @entity6759 in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery who require inotropic support appears to be cost-saving. The results of the analysis provide a strong rationale to run local clinical studies with pharmacoeconomic end-points which would allow a much more precise computation of the benefits of @entity6759 .

title: Cost-benefits of incorporating XXXX into cardiac surgery practice: German base case.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['levosimendan']

answer: @entity6759 :: (MESH:C076731,Chemical) :: ['levosimendan']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report and describe the MR imaging features of eight new cases of this rare soft tissue @entity242 and correlate them with the clinical and histologic findings. DESIGN AND @entity1 . Retrospective analysis was carried out for the MR imaging characteristics and histologic findings of eight @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity242 and the literature was reviewed. Findings were correlated in each case with the @entity1 's clinical presentation and eventual outcome. RESULTS: The @entity1 , whose @entity5 ranged from 2.5 cm to 19 cm in maximum dimension, were 1 to 90 years of age. @entity5 involved the extremities ( n=5), the scalp ( n=2) and the paraspinal muscles ( n=1). @entity5 presented as well-defined, frequently @entity158 , deeply situated masses and three as subcutaneous nodules or cutaneous ulcers with no palpable mass. Four @entity1 had associated regional @entity3329 and one had distant metastases at diagnosis. MR imaging showed @entity5 infiltration of adjacent tissues in seven @entity1 . Signal characteristics reflected varying degrees of cellularity, and the presence of @entity39 , @entity548 , @entity82 , @entity8855 and @entity32 . Bone marrow involvement was demonstrated in one @entity1 . Clinical outcomes were generally poor. CONCLUSIONS: @entity242 is an @entity242 with a varied clinical presentation, growth pattern, MR signal characteristics and histologic picture. The @entity5 favors the distal extremities and is commonly infiltrative and accompanied by enlarged regional lymph nodes. This @entity5 may present as an intramuscular mass but should also be suspected in @entity1 with ulcerating cutaneous nodules with or without regional @entity3329 .

title: XXXX : clinical, MR imaging and pathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'epithelioid sarcoma', 'Epithelioid sarcoma', 'aggressive soft tissue sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumors', 'Five tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['hyalinization']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['Epithelioid sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of prostacyclin (PGI2) and @entity1792 ( @entity13685 ) anticoagulation were observed and compared during continuous haemodiafiltration. METHODS: Mechanically ventilated @entity1 received either the PGI2 analogue @entity4770 (group A, n = 17) in escalating doses of 4.5-10.0 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) in combination with heparin (6 IU.kg(-1).h(-1)) or 2.2% @entity13685 (group B, n = 15). Blood flow was set to match the circuit-filling volume per unit time equal to the intravascular half-life of PGI2. RESULTS: Median filter lifetimes were 26 h (interquartile range 16-37) in group A (39 filters) and 36.5 h (interquartile range 23-50) in group B (56 filters; p < 0.01). In group A, 4 @entity1 (23.5%, p < 0.05) had the dose reduced due to @entity551 . The final mean dose of PGI2 was 8.7 +/- 2.4 ng.kg(-1).min(-1). Four @entity1 in group A (23.5%, p < 0.05) were switched to @entity13685 due to a decrease in platelet count. No @entity548 episodes, decrease in platelet count or adverse haemodynamic effects were encountered in group B. The cost of @entity4770 plus low dose heparin (EUR 204.73 +/- 53.04) was significantly higher than the cost of @entity13685 -based anticoagulation (EUR 93.92 +/- 45.2, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity13685 offers longer filter survival, has no impact on platelet count and is less expensive. Increasing the dose of PGI2 up to the average of 8.7 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) did not increase the haemodynamic side effects.

title: @entity4770 versus @entity1792 in continuous haemodiafiltration: an observational study in @entity1 with high risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Changes in hepatic insulin clearance can occur after oral @entity413 or meal ingestion. This has been attributed to the secretion and action of @entity8242 ( @entity8242 ) and @entity6757 . Given the recent availability of drugs based on incretin hormones, such clearance effects may be important for the future treatment of type 2 @entity6 . Therefore, we determined insulin clearance in response to endogenously secreted and exogenously administered @entity8242 and @entity6757 . Insulin clearance was estimated from the molar C-peptide-to-insulin ratio calculated at basal conditions and from the respective areas under the curve after @entity413 , @entity8242 , or @entity6757 administration. Oral @entity413 administration led to an approximately 60% reduction in the C-peptide-to-insulin ratio (P < 0.0001), whereas intravenous @entity413 administration had no effect (P = 0.09). The endogenous secretion of @entity8242 or @entity6757 was unrelated to the changes in insulin clearance. The C-peptide-to-insulin ratio was unchanged after the intravenous administration of @entity8242 or @entity6757 in the fasting state (P = 0.27 and P = 0.35, respectively). Likewise, infusing @entity6757 during a meal course did not alter insulin clearance (P = 0.87). An inverse nonlinear relationship was found between the C-peptide-to-insulin ratio and the integrated insulin levels after oral and during intravenous @entity413 administration. Insulin clearance is reduced by oral but not by intravenous @entity413 administration. Neither @entity8242 nor @entity6757 has significant effects on insulin extraction. An inverse relationship between insulin concentrations and insulin clearance suggests that the secretion of insulin itself determines the rate of hepatic insulin clearance.

title: Reduction of hepatic insulin clearance after oral XXXX ingestion is not mediated by glucagon-like peptide 1 or @entity8242 in humans.

entities_list: @entity8242 :: ('2695', 'Gene') :: ['GIP', 'gastric inhibitory polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4733 , a @entity4149 kinase inhibitor of @entity319 ( @entity319 ), @entity470 , and @entity8958 , may enhance sensitivity to chemotherapy and @entity1161 . We conducted a randomized, noncomparative, phase II study of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and @entity2903 with or without @entity4733 in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 ( @entity463 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We planned to randomize a total of 114 newly diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 in a ratio of 2:1 to standard @entity1161 and @entity2903 with (76 @entity1 ) or without (38 @entity1 ) @entity4733 100 mg daily. @entity1 with age >=  18 years, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) >=  60, and not on enzyme-inducing antiepileptics were eligible. Primary endpoint was median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) from the date of randomization. Secondary endpoints included median progression-free survival (PFS), 12-month PFS, and safety. Correlative studies included pharmacokinetics as well as tissue and serum biomarker analysis. RESULTS: The study was terminated early for futility based on the results of an interim analysis. We enrolled 106 @entity1 (36 in the @entity1161 / @entity2903 arm and 70 in the @entity4733 / @entity1161 / @entity2903 arm). Median @entity1349 was 15.9 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.0-22.5 months] in the @entity1161 / @entity2903 arm and 16.6 months (95% CI, 14.9-20.1 months) in the @entity4733 / @entity1161 / @entity2903 (log-rank P = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity4733 at a dose of 100 mg daily to standard chemoradiation in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity463 or @entity3038 was associated with potential pharmacodynamic biomarker changes and was reasonably well tolerated. However, the regimen did not significantly prolong @entity1349 compared with the parallel control arm, leading to early termination of the study.

title: A Multicenter, Phase II, Randomized, Noncomparative Clinical Trial of Radiation and @entity2903 with or without XXXX in Newly Diagnosed @entity463 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4733 :: ('MESH:C452423', 'Chemical') :: ['vandetanib', 'Vandetanib']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4733 :: (MESH:C452423,Chemical) :: ['Vandetanib']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior studies suggest that @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) diameter >4 mm is associated with a high probability of @entity385 ( @entity385 ). METHODS: We evaluated all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity385 who underwent closure of intra-atrial communication (IAC) using the Amplatzer @entity118 ( @entity118 ) occluder in our institution between August 1997 and March 2004. For each IAC, echocardiographic diameters and balloon-stretched diameters were recorded. Stretchability index was calculated as the ratio of stretched diameter to unstretched diameter. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 met the inclusion criteria for this study. There was an inverse logarithmic relationship between unstretched IAC diameter and stretchability index. For the 28 smaller defects, the median IAC diameter was 2 mm, and median stretchability index was 5.58 (range 2.6-15). For the 28 larger defects, median diameter was 6 mm, and median stretchability index was 2.38 (range 1.05-5). The difference in stretchability index between the two groups was significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our data bring into question the concept that the diameter of the defect would singularly predict the probability of @entity64 .

title: Characteristics of the interatrial communication in @entity1 undergoing transcatheter device closure of XXXX for @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale', 'PFO']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'cryptogenic ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: @entity5051 resistance in the @entity3312 , is primarily the result of the over-expression of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. Here, a field-collected strain of N.   lugens was shown to be highly resistant to both @entity5051 and @entity61481 . Insecticide exposure and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that its resistance was mainly associated with a cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6AY1. CYP6AY1 is known to metabolize @entity5051 but its effect on @entity61481 is unclear. In the 5'-untranslated region of CYP6AY1, a novel alternative splicing was detected. After a 1990-bp promoter region was cloned, its basal luciferase activity was assessed. Furthermore, genotyping studies identified 12 variations in the promoter region that discriminated between the field-collected and control strain. Finally, survival bioassays revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism and an insertion-deletion polymorphism linked to @entity61481 and @entity5051 resistance. Mutagenesis of these sites enhanced the promoter activity of CYP6AY1. These results suggest that promoter polymorphisms may affect P450-mediated multiple insecticide resistance of pests.

title: Identification of promoter polymorphisms in the cytochrome P450   CYP6AY1 linked with insecticide resistance in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity61481 :: ('MESH:C083997', 'Chemical') :: ['buprofezin']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens']

entities_list: @entity5051 :: ('MESH:C082359', 'Chemical') :: ['imidacloprid', 'Imidacloprid']

answer: @entity3312 :: (MESH:D002095,Disease) :: ['brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens']


abstract: 40 @entity1 with advanced @entity43 were treated with immediate debulking followed by sequential @entity900 and @entity632 every 4 weeks, followed by @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ). Six courses were given when @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was under 2 cm. When @entity66 was over 2 cm, three courses were followed by early debulking and six more courses before @entity1605 . Immediate debulking was optimal in 15 @entity1 (38%) and early debulking in an additional 15 (38%). Pathological complete responses (34 evaluable cases) were observed in 14 cases (41%), partial response in 13 (38%), stable disease in 3 (9%) and progression in 5 (15%). @entity137 was mainly haematological. 11 @entity1 with negative @entity1605 and 15 with @entity66 under 2 cm received intraperitoneal @entity900 200 mg/m2 alone or with @entity2592 . Median survival was 45 months: 58 months for @entity66 under 2 cm at initial laparotomy and 31 months for @entity66 over 2 cm. Median survival was 46 months when early debulking was successful. 5 year disease-free survival was only 16%. However, this multimodal treatment offers prolonged survival, especially in @entity1 optimally debulked either at initial laparotomy or at early debulking surgery.

title: Sequential @entity900 - XXXX , early debulking surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy in advanced @entity43 . Groupe d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Cancers de l'Ovaire et Digestifs (GERCOD).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['SLL', 'second-look laparotomy']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Twenty-four selected non-O1/non-O139 @entity1838 strains were examined for the presence of virulence associated genes like ctxA, tcpA, toxR and the repetitive sequence (RS element). Seventeen of these were isolated from diarrhoeal stool samples while the remaining seven were of local environmental origin. Nine and four respectively of these strains were positive for ctxA and tcpA by Multiplex PCR analysis. The majority (16 out of 18 tested) of the strains (including the four tcpA + strains) contained toxR sequences as determined by another PCR assay. The presence of RS element was demonstrable in ctxA+ strains only. Interestingly, three of these non-O1/non-O139 strains were shown to contain all the three virulence associated genes (ctxA, tcpA and toxR) as well as the RS element. Two of these belonged to serogroups 037 (V2) and 064 (CG15) while the third one (V315-1) was untypable. These three strains also produced cholera toxin, expressed @entity11849 ( @entity11849 ) and/or TcpA related antigens when grown under appropriate culture conditions. Southern hybridization analysis of their chromosomal DNA fragments using DNA probes representing ctxA, zot, ace and RS element revealed that the strains V2 and CG15 contained, at least, two complete copies of the @entity4740 genetic element, while the strain V315-1 had three or more copies of the same. Presence of the RS element in these strains led to tandem duplication of the @entity4740 genetic element in the chromosome of V2 and V315-1, but not in CG15 where the copies were likely to be present at different loci. These results also indicate the presence of additional copies of incomplete "core region' with zot and ace genes, but not ctxA, in strains V2 and CG15. The significance of these results in terms of the pathogenic and epidemic potential of @entity1838 strains is discussed.

title: A search for cholera toxin (CT), XXXX ( @entity11849 ), the regulatory element ToxR and other virulence factors in non-01/non-0139 @entity1838 .

entities_list: @entity11849 :: ('MESH:D065766', 'Disease') :: ['TCP', 'toxin coregulated pilus']

entities_list: @entity1838 :: ('666', 'Species') :: ['V. cholerae', 'Vibrio cholerae']

answer: @entity11849 :: (MESH:D065766,Disease) :: ['toxin coregulated pilus']


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine which of several clinical balance tests best identifies @entity1 with @entity394 . We compared the scores of normals and @entity1 on the Berg Balance Scale (Berg), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Computerized Dynamic Posturography @entity347 ( @entity347 ), and a new obstacle avoidance test: the Functional Mobility Test (FMT). The study was performed in an out- @entity1 balance laboratory at a tertiary care center. Subjects were 40 normal adults, and 40 adults with @entity73 . The main outcome measures were the sensitivity of tests to @entity1 and specificity to normals. When adjusted for age the Berg, TUG, DGI and FMT had moderate sensitivity and specificity. @entity347 had moderately high sensitivity and specificity. @entity347 and FMT, combined, had high sensitivity and moderate specificity. Therefore, the kinds of tests of standing and walking balance that clinicians may use to screen @entity1 for falling are not as good for screening for @entity394 as @entity347 . @entity347 combined with FMT is better. When screening @entity1 for @entity394 , when objective diagnostic tests of the vestibular system, itself, are unavailable, tests of both standing and walking balance, together, give the most information about community-dwelling @entity1 . These tests may also indicate the presence of sub-clinical balance problems in community-dwelling, asymptomatic adults.

title: Usefulness of some current balance tests for identifying individuals with disequilibrium due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular impairments']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['Sensory Organization Test', 'SOT']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['vestibular impairments']


abstract: @entity368 dehydrogenase has been purified to homogeneity from a moderate thermophilic actinomycete, Thermoactinomyces intermedius IFO 14230. The enzyme can be stored without loss of its activity at a low temperature (e.g., 4 degrees C) for over two years. The enzyme was more thermostable at higher concentrations of salts such as @entity1219 and @entity4338 . It retained about 90% of activity on incubation at 70 degrees C for at least 40 min in the presence of 3 M @entity1219 . The Michaelis constants for @entity2125 , @entity4307 , @entity2125 , @entity61798 and @entity3265 were determined to be 0.36, 2.0, 0.042, 0.63 and 118 mM, respectively, from initial-velocity analyses. The enzyme showed pro-S stereospecificity for @entity3884 transfer of @entity2125 in the reductive amination. The enzyme gene was cloned into @entity526 and its complete DNA sequence was determined. The @entity368 dehydrogenase gene (leudh) consists of a 1098-bp open reading frame and encodes 366 @entity535 residues corresponding to a subunit (M(r) 40586) of the octameric enzyme. The @entity535 sequence of the enzyme showed 80.7% similarity with that of the @entity8220 enzyme. The enzyme was overproduced in @entity526 JM 109 having a recombinant plasmid, pULDH2, which was constructed from pUC18 and the leudh gene. The enzyme was purified from the cell extract to homogeneity in one day, with 78% recovery.

title: The purification, characterization, cloning and sequencing of the gene for a halostable and thermostable XXXX dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedius.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity4307 :: ('CHEBI:15603', 'Chemical') :: ['L-leucine']

entities_list: @entity8220 :: ('1422', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus stearothermophilus']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine', 'Leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity61798 :: ('CHEBI:48430', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoisocaproate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity368 :: (CHEBI:25017,Chemical) :: ['leucine']


abstract: In order to assess the vulnerability of the inner ear, auditory function and morphology of the inner ear were compared between adult @entity5798 and adult @entity840 . @entity5798 have been considered to have an excellent @entity2167 . Two experimental conditions were produced in each species; one by acoustic hyperstimulation (1500 Hz, 120 dBSPL) for 96 hours, the other by administration of @entity7913 (200 mg/kg) for 7 weeks. Measurement of auditory evoked potentials (AEP) and observation of hair cells by electron microscopy were performed both immediately and 14 days after exposure. In the acoustic hyperstimulation experiment, AEPs of @entity5798 showed @entity16 and better recovery than those of @entity840 , probably because of morphological differences between the two species in hair and supporting cells. Electron microscopic observation on the @entity5798 showed that a small part of the hair cell area was damaged and that regeneration of hair cells had occurred in this area 14 days after exposure. Such observations in @entity840 revealed that outer hair cells had been damaged and replaced by supporting cells 14 days after exposure. In the @entity7913 administration experiment, AEPs showed the same degree of damage and recovery in both species. This suggests that blood supply and drug transport to the inner ear are almost the same although the structure of the inner ear differs markedly between the two species. Electron microscopic observation did not show an apparent regeneration of hair cells 14 days after administration in the @entity5798 . @entity840 had a tendency to show progressive @entity16 and inner ear morphology even after the cessation of administration. Regeneration of hair cells in the @entity5798 differed under both experimental conditions, suggesting that there is a difference in the mode of auditory disturbance between acoustic hyperstimulation and administration of @entity7913 . In conclusion, resistance to acoustic hyperstimulation is higher in the avian inner ear than in the @entity1 inner ear, while resistance to administration of @entity7913 does not differ significantly between the two species.

title: [Comparison of vulnerability between avian and XXXX inner ears--electrophysiological and morphological studies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory-vocal system']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'guinea pigs']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['less damage', 'damage of both auditory function']

entities_list: @entity5798 :: ('13146', 'Species') :: ['budgerigars', 'Budgerigars', 'budgerigar']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recurrent herpetic @entity1036 (HSK) is a potentially blinding, immune-mediated disease. To better understand the immunopathology of recurrent HSK, we examined the cytokine profile of @entity19 corneas with the condition. METHODS: The eyes of latently infected @entity19 were examined for corneal pathology and cytokine content following UV-B-stimulated herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation. RESULTS: Peak HSV-induced @entity2687 , manifested by stromal opacification, occurred 7-14 days after viral reactivation in latently infected @entity19 . In qualitative RT-PCR analyses, @entity60 , @entity1618 , @entity58 , and @entity12782 mRNA were simultaneously expressed before and during recurrent HSK. Competitive, semi-quantitative RT-PCR evaluation of cytokine mRNA revealed highest @entity60 expression before and during clinical disease with a decline thereafter. @entity58 levels peaked and declined before day 14, while @entity1618 peaked on days 7 or 14 and paralleled @entity60 at lower levels. Small amounts of @entity12782 mRNA were detected late in the disease course. ELISA evaluation of corneal extracts demonstrated similar results, featuring early expression of @entity61 cytokines relative to disease. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity61 cytokines during early stages of recurrent herpetic corneal lesions indicate the presence of a mixed @entity630 and @entity61 cell infiltrate, which is likely associated with a memory response to viral antigens. These data suggest that disease resolution in corneas with recurrent HSK may depend upon the balance between destructive and protective cytokines at individual sites of viral recurrence.

title: Cytokine expression in XXXX corneas during recurrent herpetic @entity1036 .

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['stromal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Liver @entity8434 is frequent in Santiago Del Estero. Different therapeutic procedures have been proposed, but surgery is still the best option. This observational retrospective analysis presents the authors' experience and results, with the goal of selecting the best surgical procedures. A total of 66 @entity1 with 89 cysts were evaluated between December 1997 and 2002. Sex, age, cyst localization, complication of cysts, surgical procedure, associated procedures, morbidity and mortality, and hospital stay were evaluated. Of 89 cysts, 10 were complicated; of 66 @entity1 , 59 had solitary cysts. Pericystectomy, Mabit procedure, liver resection, @entity162 , and marsupialization were used. Morbidity was 22.72%, and mortality was 1.51%. The average hospital stay was 7.03 days. In the follow-up, 33 @entity1 were evaluated, with only 1 recurrence. The results are similar to other published series. Complicated cysts have a more complex solution and evolution. Pericystectomy, Mabit procedure, and liver resections are the chosen surgical procedures in uncomplicated cysts. Laparoscopic surgery undoubtedly has a place in the treatment of liver @entity8434 .

title: Five years experience in surgical treatment of liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['hydatidosis']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar or tripolar drainage']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['hydatidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship with outcome of plasma haemoglobin and @entity413 concentrations, measured soon after first hospital admission with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), in standard clinical practice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hospital records of 528 @entity1 (43% @entity1 , mean age 70 years) with first hospital admission for @entity712 were reviewed. During follow up (mean 1257 days, range 520-1800), 240 (45%) @entity1 died. On admission, 140 of 528 (27%) and at discharge 179 of 472 survivors (38%) were receiving treatment for @entity6 . World Health Organization criteria for @entity417 were met by 39% of @entity1 and 43% of @entity1 . Lower haemoglobin (hazard ratio 0.879, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.828 to 0.933, p < 0.0001) and higher plasma @entity413 (hazard ratio 1.034, 95% CI 1.008 to 1.061, p = 0.009) had univariate association with all-cause mortality. On multivariate analysis, compared with @entity1 with a normal haemoglobin for their sex, hazard ratio was 1.415 (95% CI 1.087 to 1.841, p = 0.010) for those with low haemoglobin. All-cause mortality fell linearly for haemoglobin up to 159 g/l, above which mortality increased. @entity413 above the highest quartile (> 10 mmol/l) was an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio 1.966, 95% CI 1.376 to 2.810, p = 0.0002). In survivors of the index admission the association between @entity413 and mortality was linear, the relationship being stronger for @entity1 without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Lower haemoglobin and higher plasma @entity413 are associated with all-cause mortality in @entity712 . Higher @entity413 is associated with mortality irrespective of @entity6 status.

title: XXXX and haemoglobin in the assessment of prognosis after first hospitalisation for @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: Since 1985, multiple centers have demonstrated that @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) and @entity1199 -activated killer (LAK) cells produce durable anticancer responses in @entity1 with @entity1358 . High-dose recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) has been administered by intravenous bolus injection (Rosenberg SA, et al: N Engl J Med 313:1485-1492, 1985) and by continuous intravenous infusion (West WH, et al: N Engl J Med 316:898-905, 1987) combined with @entity1199 -activated killer (LAK) cells, with both methods producing responses in @entity1 with @entity1358 . The Extramural @entity1199 /LAK Working Group has conducted a randomized phase II trial of two intravenous high-dose @entity5041 regimens (bolus three times daily or 24-hour continuous infusion) to determine if either one manifests greater anticancer activity or a more acceptable @entity137 profile. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 with measurable @entity1358 were enrolled on this study: 46 to the bolus injection arm and 48 to the continuous infusion arm. On both arms, @entity1 underwent a priming phase of @entity5041 administration, four daily lymphocytaphereses to harvest mononuclear cells that were placed in 3- to 4-day culture for generation of LAK cells, and an @entity5041 /LAK coadministration phase. @entity1 were then observed monthly for evidence of response to this therapy and were offered up to two additional courses of treatment every 3 months if evidence of response was detected. RESULTS: Twenty percent of @entity1 on the bolus injection arm experienced objective responses (three complete responses and six partial responses); 15% of @entity1 on the continuous infusion arm responded (two complete responses and five partial responses). Complete responses were durable, persisting for 310+ to 700+ days. The incidence of severe life-threatening toxicities typical of high-dose @entity5041 therapy was similar in both arms (eg, @entity1 with @entity551 requiring pressors: bolus 71%, continuous 63%; @entity1458 less than or equal to 200 mL/8 hours: bolus 65%, continuous 71%). More episodes of @entity221 , @entity281 , and serum alkaline phosphatase elevation were associated with the continuous infusion arm, while more @entity882 occurred on the bolus injection arm. Four @entity1 (three bolus injection, one continuous infusion) died of respiratory and @entity1457 while under treatment. No clinical or laboratory parameter accompanying treatment on either arm was, by univariate or multivariate analysis, associated with an increased likelihood of response. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods of high-dose @entity5041 /LAK cell administration produce nearly equivalent anticancer activity and @entity137 in the treatment of @entity1358 . The ability to predict responding @entity1 based on @entity1 or treatment characteristics is not possible.

title: A randomized phase II trial of continuous infusion @entity1199 or bolus injection @entity1199 plus XXXX -activated killer cells for @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'advanced renal cell carcinoma', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['lymphokine']


abstract: Intravenous administration of antivenoms is associated with early adverse reactions in a number of cases, but the causes of this phenomenon are still unclear. The effect of preservatives ( @entity3971 and thimerosal) on IgG aggregate and dimer formation, in vitro complement-activating effect and @entity551 activity of a whole IgG horse liquid polyvalent antivenom, produced by @entity6212 fractionation, was assessed. These parameters were studied since they have been associated with the development of early adverse reactions to the administration of antivenoms and @entity1 immunoglobulins. After a three-year storage period at 4 degrees C, antivenoms with preservatives had an increased content of IgG aggregates and dimers when compared with antivenom devoid of @entity3971 and @entity13084 . These observations correlate with a slight increment in the turbidity of preservative-containing antivenoms. The three antivenoms studied (formulation: no preservatives; with @entity3971 and thimerosal; with thimerosal alone) activated @entity1 complement in vitro, with only minor quantitative differences among them. When antivenoms were administered as a bolus intravenous injection in @entity35 , a rapid and prominent @entity551 of short duration was observed after injection of @entity3971 -containing antivenom, whereas such an effect was absent in antivenom free of preservative and in the one containing only thimerosal. Bolus injection of saline solution with @entity3971 resulted in a similar @entity551 , indicating that the effect is due to @entity3971 . However, when @entity3971 -containing antivenom was diluted 1:5 with saline solution before infusion, as occurs in the clinical use of this product, no @entity551 was observed. Our results stress the need to evaluate the effects of preservatives on the physicochemical and pharmacological characteristics of antivenoms.

title: Effect of preservatives on IgG aggregation, complement-activating effect and XXXX activity of horse polyvalent antivenom used in snakebite envenomation.

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['caprylic acid']

entities_list: @entity13084 :: ('MESH:D013849', 'Chemical') :: ['thimerosal']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 of the tibial plateau are often managed with use of internal fixation and autologous bone-grafting to maintain an anatomical reduction. Bone-grafting, however, provides only limited stability. As @entity78 cements have appropriate mechanical properties, they may provide a more suitable alternative. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a @entity78 cement with that of impacted cancellous autograft for maintaining an anatomical reduction in an experimental model of a @entity174 . METHODS: Standardized cylindrical subchondral defects that were 8 mm in diameter and 10 mm deep were created bilaterally beneath the subchondral bone of the articular cartilage in the lateral tibial plateau of @entity1237 . An osteotome was used to @entity174 the overlying subchondral plate and articular cartilage. The plateau @entity174 fragment was completely depressed into the subchondral defect and then was anatomically reduced. The defects were randomly filled with either @entity78 cement or cancellous autograft. No internal fixation was used. The tibiae were harvested at varying time-periods that ranged from twenty-four hours to eighteen months. The stiffness of the @entity174 was determined. Histological specimens were assigned a score for degenerative changes. Loss of anatomic reduction was demonstrated in photomicrographs, and the amount of subsidence of the osteochondral fragment was measured in whole-mount histological sections. RESULTS: The prevalence and degree of @entity174 subsidence was significantly reduced at all time-points in the defects treated with @entity78 cement compared with those filled with autograft (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in @entity174 stiffness between the two treatment groups at any of the time-points examined. The @entity78 cement was rapidly resorbed, and the volume fraction of the @entity78 cement was decreased to 4% at six months. The trabecular bone volume in the defects was restored to that of the intact controls at six months in both treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cancellous autograft did not maintain an anatomical @entity174 in this model. In contrast, augmentation with @entity78 cement prevented subsidence of the @entity174 fragment and maintained articular congruency as the @entity174 healed. The improved articular congruency reduced the prevalence and severity of degenerative changes in the joint.

title: Experimental tibial plateau fractures augmented with XXXX cement or autologous bone graft.

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the tibial plateau fractures', 'tibial plateau fracture', 'healing augmented plateau fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity78 :: (MESH:C020243,Chemical) :: ['calcium phosphate']


abstract: AIM: We present the oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy management of @entity1803 upper @entity3484 . METHODS: Between October 2003 and January 2011, 50 @entity1 with @entity1803 upper @entity3484 which had pathologically confirmed underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy at our institution. Demographic data, perioperative results, pathological findings and oncologic outcomes were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 36 @entity1 (72%) of high grade lesion and 14 @entity1 (28%) of low grade lesion. Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 16 @entity1 (32%) and the surgical margin was positive in one @entity1 . N stage was pN0 in 16 (32%), @entity3121 in 3 (6%), @entity477 in 1 (2%) and @entity8603 in 1 (2%). The 5-year overall survival rate was 52.6% and the 5-year @entity5 -specific survival rate was 65.3%. Overall recurrence developed in 23 @entity1 . There were 10 @entity1 (20%) of urothelial recurrence which were all occurred in the bladder at the mean period of 13.6 months, and 7 @entity1 of them were invasive @entity150 . There were 16 @entity1 (32%) of non-urothelial recurrence developed at the mean period of 9.69 months. On multivariate analyses lymphadenopathy and lymph node involvement of @entity5 (N+) were identified as independent predictive factors for the @entity150 , grade and @entity3 were identified as independent predictive factors for the overall recurrence free survival. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy in @entity1 with high stage upper @entity3484 appear comparable to those of open surgery in the regard of oncologic outcomes.

title: Oncologic outcomes of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for XXXX upper @entity3484 .

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'cancer-specific survival, and concomitant bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: 1. Although @entity1 who experience unplanned, unanticipated surgery were not more @entity148 prone than @entity1 undergoing planned surgery, they did experience higher levels of state @entity148 and a higher incidence of @entity933 postoperatively. 2. Nurses should be alert to an increased risk of negative outcomes among @entity1 with little or no opportunity for psychological preparation prior to surgery, and especially among @entity1 undergoing unanticipated orthopedic surgery. 3. State @entity148 scores among @entity1 undergoing unplanned surgery declined postoperatively rather than rose. This indicates that the critical period for nursing intervention may be in the preoperative period. 4. @entity933 is not associated with @entity148 in a direct or linear way. @entity1 who experience @entity933 postoperatively do not experience greater state @entity148 , nor are they more @entity148 prone than @entity1 who do not exhibit @entity933 .

title: The relationship of XXXX to development of postoperative delirium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Delirium']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: Seventy-five procedures were performed on 62 @entity1 with @entity14602 from 1992 to 1996. Those consisted of 51 nail matrix phenolization methods ( @entity14111 ) and 24 elevation of the nail bed-periosteal flap procedures (ENF). @entity14602 were classified into type A (normal nail plate) and type B (incurved nail plate). The duration and intensity of @entity282 were assessed, and the recurrence rate was monitered. The recurrence rate was 3.9% in the @entity14111 group and 4.1% in the ENF group. Concerning the recurrence rate, there was no statistical significance between ENF and @entity14111 in both types. @entity282 intensity was less in the @entity14111 group than in the ENF group in both types (P < 0.01). The same tendency was seen in @entity282 duration. However, the @entity14111 group had longer duration of wound healing compared with the ENF group in type A (P < 0.01). We conclude that @entity14111 is a recommendable treatment for most @entity14602 .

title: XXXX : a comparison of the nail matrix phenolization method with the elevation of the nail bed-periosteal flap procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity14602 :: ('MESH:D009263', 'Disease') :: ['Ingrown nails', 'ingrown nails']

answer: @entity14602 :: (MESH:D009263,Disease) :: ['Ingrown nails']


abstract: Definitive laparotomy (DL) for penetrating abdominal wounding with combined vascular and @entity130 is a difficult surgical challenge. Physiologic derangements such as @entity1003 , @entity2332 , and @entity520 often preclude completion of the procedure. "Damage control" (DC), defined as initial control of @entity548 and contamination followed by intraperitoneal packing and rapid closure, allows for resuscitation to normal physiology in the intensive care unit and subsequent definitive re-exploration. The purpose of the study was to compare the damage control technique with definitive laparotomy. Over a 3 1/2-year period, 46 @entity1 with penetrating @entity3511 required laparotomy and urgent transfusion of greater than 10 units packed red blood cells for exsanguination. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for degree and pattern of injury, probability of survival, actual survival, transfusion requirements for the preoperative and postoperative phases, resuscitation and operative times, lowest perioperative temperature, pH, and HCO3. No significant differences were identified between 22 DL and 24 DC @entity1 and actual survival rates were similar (55% DC vs. 58% DL). However, in a subset of 22 @entity1 with major @entity1317 and two or more @entity130 (maximum injury subset), otherwise similar to the overall group, survival was markedly improved in @entity1 treated with damage control (10 of 13, 77%*) vs. DLM (1 of 9, 11%) (Fisher's exact test, * p < 0.02). In preparation for return to the operating room, DC survivors averaged 8.4 units of packed red blood cells transfused and 10.3 units fresh frozen plasma over a mean ICU stay of 31.7 hours. Resolution of @entity1003 (mean prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time 19.5/70.4 to 13.3/34.9), normalization of acid-base balance (mean pH/HCO3 7.37/20.6 to 7.42/24.2), and core rewarming (mean 33.2 degrees C to 37.7 degrees C) were achieved. All @entity1 had gastrointestinal procedures at reoperation (mean operative time, 4.3 hours). We conclude that damage control is a promising approach for increased survival in exsanguinating @entity1 with major vascular and multiple visceral penetrating @entity3511 .

title: 'Damage control': an approach for improved survival in exsanguinating penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injury', 'visceral injuries']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy', 'dilutional coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity3511 :: (MESH:D000007,Disease) :: ['abdominal injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate three treatment modalities [infiltrant resin (IR), micro-filled infiltrant resin (MFIR), infiltrant-sealant-combination (ISC)] regarding both their abilities to penetrate lesions differing in ICDAS-codes and to fill fissures and cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted @entity1 molars (n=90) showing fissure @entity75 with and without cavitations were etched with 15% @entity5836 ( @entity5828 ) that was mixed with abrasives and a 15% @entity5828 -solution (1:1). The etching gel was rubbed for 30s within the fissure and, if eligible, within the cavity using a brush. After this pretreatment an infiltrant (Icon; DMG; IR) or an infiltrant mixed with microfillers (MFIR) was applied. ISC included the application of an infiltrant followed by a fissure sealant (Helioseal; Ivoclar Vivadent) From each tooth slices showing a non-cavitated (based on ICDAS-2) or cavitated lesion part (based on ICDAS-3/5) were prepared. Lesion (LA) and penetration areas (PA) as well as the completeness of fissure and cavity filling were analyzed using dual staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: Percentage penetration (PP) was calculated as 100*PA/LA. PP [median (25th/75th)] did not differ significantly between IR [95 (86/100)%], MFIR [93 (62/100)%] or ISC [89 (67/97)%] (p>0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). All three materials filled about 90% of the dimensions of fissures and cavities (p>0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test). CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that MFIR seems to be suitable to fill fissures and cavities like a fissure sealant and that it penetrates fissure @entity75 similarly deep as the conventional infiltrant after an experimental etching regime. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The MFIR seems to combine advantages of the fissure sealing and the caries infiltration procedure.

title: Micro-filled resin infiltration of fissure XXXX in vitro.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['caries lesions']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity3619 often display altered diurnal rhythm as well as other @entity1316 which motivate treatment with antidepressants. We investigated the effects of sustained treatment with @entity837 (10 mg/kg daily, 10 days) on 24-hr behavioural open-field activities in @entity5033 ( @entity5033 ) @entity35 and sham-operated control @entity35 . In addition, the daytime and nighttime serum @entity2493 levels, as well as the serum concentrations of the enantiomers of @entity837 and its metabolites, were analyzed. Untreated @entity5033 @entity35 showed reduced locomotor and rearing activities during nighttime. @entity837 treatment resulted in elevated behavioural activity in the @entity5033 @entity35 during night, indicative of an improved entrainment to the light-dark cycle, whereas no behavioural effect could be observed in sham @entity35 . Higher @entity2493 levels in both @entity5033 and sham @entity35 were observed during nighttime compared with daytime, but the untreated @entity5033 @entity35 also showed higher daytime @entity2493 level than the corresponding sham group. @entity837 treatment seemed not to have any major effect on the @entity2493 levels. Higher serum levels of both @entity837 and metabolites were observed in @entity5033 @entity35 as compared to sham @entity35 . An altered ratio between the S- and R-enantiomers could also be observed in the @entity5033 @entity35 . In conclusion, the present data support the contention of a disturbed diurnal rhythm, and that the @entity2493 activity may be altered, in @entity3619 . The @entity837 treatment resulted in similar behavioural performances and daytime serum @entity2493 levels in @entity5033 @entity35 and controls, although pharmacokinetic differences were present between the groups.

title: Sustained XXXX treatment in experimental hepatic encephalopathy: effects on entrainment to the light-dark cycle and @entity2493 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'portacaval-shunted']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity837 :: (MESH:D015283,Chemical) :: ['citalopram']


abstract: Objectives:Healthcare delivery now mandates shorter visits with higher documentation requirements, undermining the @entity1 -provider interaction. To improve clinic visit efficiency, we developed a @entity1 -provider portal that systematically collects @entity1 symptoms using a computer algorithm called Automated Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Symptoms (AEGIS). AEGIS also automatically "translates" the @entity1 report into a full narrative @entity221 ( @entity221 ). We aimed to compare the quality of computer-generated vs. physician-documented HPIs.Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study with a paired sample design among individuals visiting outpatient adult gastrointestinal (GI) clinics for evaluation of @entity344 . @entity1 first underwent usual care and then subsequently completed AEGIS. Each individual thereby had both a physician-documented and a computer-generated @entity221 . Forty-eight blinded physicians assessed @entity221 quality across six domains using 5-point scales: (i) overall impression, (ii) thoroughness, (iii) usefulness, (iv) organization, (v) succinctness, and (vi) comprehensibility. We compared @entity221 scores within @entity1 using a repeated measures model.Results:Seventy-five @entity1 had both computer-generated and physician-documented HPIs. The mean overall impression score for computer-generated HPIs was higher than physician HPIs (3.68 vs. 2.80; P<0.001), even after adjusting for physician and visit type, location, mode of transcription, and demographics. Computer-generated HPIs were also judged more complete (3.70 vs. 2.73; P<0.001), more useful (3.82 vs. 3.04; P<0.001), better organized (3.66 vs. 2.80; P<0.001), more succinct (3.55 vs. 3.17; P<0.001), and more comprehensible (3.66 vs. 2.97; P<0.001).Conclusions:Computer-generated HPIs were of higher overall quality, better organized, and more succinct, comprehensible, complete, and useful compared with HPIs written by physicians during usual care in GI clinics.Am J Gastroenterol advance online publication, 2 December 2014; doi:10.1038/ajg.2014.356.

title: Computer-Generated Vs. Physician-Documented @entity221 ( XXXX ): Results of a Blinded Comparison.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'history of present illness']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['active GI symptoms']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['HPI']


abstract: AIM: It is important that medical schools take some account of community expectations for health care when planning curricula. This is particularly important for emerging public health problems such as @entity28 . The aim of this study was to explore parent attitudes to the role of the doctor in @entity28 and implications for medical student learning. METHODS: The views of eight mothers and one father were explored through interview. Transcripts were analysed using an iterative process of theme identification and testing against transcript data. A range of recruitment strategies were used in an attempt to increase @entity1 numbers. RESULTS: @entity1 believed doctors should support parent decisions about @entity1 's diet and life-style and be prepared to 'step-in' with a more active role when, in the parent's view, this was needed. @entity1 wanted doctors to provide advice on healthy nutrition, be proficient in @entity1 physical assessment and be able to communicate sensitively with both @entity1 and parents. CONCLUSION: Although the parents who agreed to be interviewed expressed views demonstrating their commitment to preventing and reducing @entity28 , many other parents declined the invitation to contribute. It may be that parent concern within the broader community that @entity28 is a real and significant health risk does not reflect the level of concern of the medical profession. The most likely implications for the teaching of medical students are a need for more comprehensive teaching around healthy diet and activity for all @entity1 , improved recognition of overweight and @entity28 and ongoing communication skills development.

title: Consulting parents on XXXX and implications for medical student learning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'participant', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We clinically tested a quantitative EEG method to localize abnormal variations in @entity1245 -induced fast rhythms to localize focal @entity75 , assuming altered quality/quantity of @entity1246 receptors in the lesions. METHODS: During a 64-channel-EEG (sampled at 1 kHz) recording @entity1245 were administered to five @entity1 with localization related @entity302 associated with an MRI visible focal lesion. We determined the post-injection dominant spectral modulation using Gabor wavelets and analysed the symmetry of spatial distribution. This was compared to the localization of the lesion on the MRI scan. RESULTS: The principal component was found in the beta/gamma band. In all @entity1 one region of decreased change was associated with the lesional hemisphere, and overlapped with the site of the lesion in four. Three @entity1 underwent surgery: interictal corticographic findings concurred with the area of decreased @entity1245 response. CONCLUSIONS: This simple method localized abnormal function associated with @entity75 . Further methodological validation is now justified. Final clinical validation must be done in MRI-negative cases as well. SIGNIFICANCE: This research may lead to techniques for non-invasive easy localization of epileptogenic tissue that is not visible on a structural MRI scan.

title: An electro-encephalogram beta gap after induction with diazepam: a localization method in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine', 'benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['epileptogenic lesions']