abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate that @entity2227 plays a crucial role in the initiation of @entity410 and their propagation; abnormal @entity2227 release causes synchronous firing of large populations of neurons, leading to @entity410 . In the present study, we investigated whether enhanced @entity2227 uptake by increased glial @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 , the major @entity2227 transporter, could prevent @entity410 activity and reduce epileptogenic processes. @entity15368 @entity19 , which have a 1.5-2 fold increase in @entity15368 protein levels as compared to their non-transgenic counterparts, were tested in a @entity2134 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) model. Several striking phenomena were observed in @entity15368 @entity19 compared with their non-transgenic littermates. First, the post- @entity159 mortality rate and chronic @entity410 frequency were significantly decreased. Second, @entity528 in hippocampal subfields after @entity159 were significantly reduced. Third, the @entity159 -induced neurogenesis and mossy fiber sprouting were significantly decreased. The severity of cell loss in @entity302 @entity19 was positively correlated with that of mossy fiber sprouting and chronic @entity410 frequency. Our results suggest that increased @entity15368 expression can protect @entity19 against @entity159 -induced @entity204 , neuropathological changes, and chronic @entity410 development. This study suggests that enhancing @entity15368 protein expression is a potential therapeutic approach.

title: Increased glial XXXX transporter @entity15368 expression reduces epileptogenic processes following @entity2134 -induced @entity159 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity2227 :: (CHEBI:29987,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Published cohorts of @entity1 with @entity3025 placed on antibiotic prophylaxis differ in baseline characteristics and methodology. These data have been combined in meta-analyses to derive treatment recommendations. We analyzed these cohorts in an attempt to understand the disparate outcomes reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 studies were identified from 1987 to 2013.  These series retrospectively or prospectively evaluated @entity1 with @entity3025 who were on long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. Presenting demographic data, criteria and methods of evaluation were tabulated. Outcomes were compared, specifically recurrent @entity8 . RESULTS: Significant differences identified in baseline characteristics included gender, circumcision status and reflux grade, and differences in methodology included evaluation of bowel and @entity1494 , method of urine collection, definition of @entity293 , measurement of compliance and means of identifying renal scarring. Cohorts with larger numbers of uncircumcised @entity1 had more breakthrough urinary infections. Infection and renal scarring rates were higher in series with higher grades of reflux. Bagged urine specimens were allowed in 6 series, rendering the data suspect. @entity1 with bowel and @entity1494 were excluded from 3 cohorts, and bowel and @entity1494 was correlated with outcome in only 1 cohort. Compliance was monitored in only 6 studies. CONCLUSIONS: Subpopulations and methodologies vary significantly in published series of @entity1 with @entity3025 on antibiotic prophylaxis. It is inappropriate to combine outcomes data from these series in a meta-analysis, which would serve to blur distinctions between these subpopulations. Broad recommendations or guidelines based on meta-analyses should be viewed with caution.

title: XXXX and Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Why Cohorts and Methodologies Matter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infections and renal scarring']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary infection']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['Vesicoureteral Reflux']


abstract: @entity1540 can potentially lead to @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). A case of idiopathic @entity2224 that began as ventricular bigeminy is presented. A 30-year-old @entity1 lost consciousness transiently while driving but made a complete recovery soon after. He was pale and sweaty at the onset of the event. There was neither a history of ill health nor a family history of @entity1164 . He was asymptomatic on arrival at the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) with @entity7129 . Two hours later ventricular bigeminy was observed. This subtle presentation did not qualify him for being high risk according to the American College of Physician's recommendations or the San Francisco syncope rule, which almost led to his discharge from the @entity341 . Despite this, he was admitted for observation. The @entity1 had four @entity2224 arrests overnight, which were eventually terminated by emergency radiofrequency ablation. Upon further investigation, he was found to be normal on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiogram and 24-h Holter monitoring. His serum biochemistry was normal, ruling out electrolyte disturbances. He eventually received an implantable cardioverter and remained free of recurrences in the subsequent months. This case serves as a reminder not to ignore ventricular ectopics or bigeminy.

title: Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia in a young XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular ectopics']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['sinus tachycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our objective was to characterize the cognitive profile of @entity1 with mild @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) matched using a functional scale. METHODS: @entity195 and @entity1294 were diagnosed using the NINCDS-ADRDA and the criteria proposed by Erkinjuntti et al., respectively. The Clinical @entity303 Rating (CDR) scale was used to guide the identification of @entity1 with mild @entity303 from a prospective clinical database. Regression analysis was applied to compare the 2 groups on global and individual cognitive domains. RESULTS: The greatest cognitive differences between the 2 groups were observed in the domains of visuospatial function (p = 0.001), working memory (p = 0.013) and visuomotor speed (p = 0.028). No significant variation was demonstrated in the executive function domain (p = 0.646). Statistically significant differences between @entity195 and @entity1294 @entity1 were found in episodic memory delayed recall tasks but not in the immediate recall tasks. A trend towards severer @entity308 (p = 0.052) was observed among the @entity1294 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1294 @entity1 with mild @entity303 have @entity51 in @entity73 and may also be more @entity308 compared to @entity195 @entity1 . Executive function tests in general do not distinguish the 2 groups, although timed executive tasks can separate them.

title: Differences exist in the cognitive profile of mild @entity195 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['SIVD', 'subcortical ischemic vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['visuospatial function, working memory and visuomotor speed']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['greater deficits']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['subcortical ischemic vascular dementia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyse the results of 1102 primary @entity96 (PLC) @entity1 who underwent liver resection in the past thirty years and to research some effective approaches for improving the longterm effect of PLC treatment. Ninety five percent were @entity157 ( @entity157 ), 85.2% with @entity82 of @entity99 and 25.6% with @entity5 equal to or smaller than 5 cm in diameter. The mortality rate (MR) within 1 month after operation was 1.8%, the operative MR was 8.8% before 1977 and only 0.4% after that. The total 5-year survival rate (SR) was 28.4% while in the group of small @entity5 (less than or equal to 5 cm), it was 75.0%. Our experience is as follows: (1) Early diagnosis and early resection of PLC is the key point for improving the operative result of long-term survival. In 282 cases of small @entity5 , @entity5 resection rate was 90.0%. Of 48 cases with @entity5 equal to or smaller than 3 cm in diameter, the 5-year SR was 83.3%. (2) Rehepatectomy for recurrent @entity96 is an important approach for improving the surgical result. In our series, recurrent rate within 5 years postoperation was 72.3% in larger @entity5 group and 34.5% in small @entity5 . There were 78 cases undergoing reoperation in a total number of 170 times of rehepatectomy with 54.7% of 5-year SR, after the 1st operation and 34.6% after the 2nd one. (3) For unresectable large @entity5 , two-stage operation is an important development in liver surgery. We had 26 cases of such @entity1 with 60.0% of 5-year SR. (4) Improvement of operating techniques plays an important role in reducing @entity260 , lowering operative mortality and obtaining better operative result. (5) Postoperative comprehensive treatment is also important for solidating operative effect and preventing @entity5 recurrence.

title: Surgical approaches for improving the operating results of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: A clinical, randomized, parallel study was undertaken to compare the efficacy of a widely known @entity134 preparation, @entity2995 0.1% cream, in occlusion with two different hydrocolloid dressings, namely Duoderm and Actiderm, in the treatment of chronic plaques of @entity1569 . A total of 23 @entity1 with @entity1569 were entered in the study. Two similar psoriatic plaques were identified in each @entity1 , @entity2995 cream was applied, and a randomized table assigned the sides of the body to which each dressing was to be used for each @entity1 . Changing of the dressing, with reapplication of the cream was done every 48 hours on each side until the lesions cleared or for a maximum of three weeks. At the end of the three weeks-therapy, period, 12 lesions had totally cleared with Duoderm and 13 with Actiderm. Seven lesions had achieved either marked or moderate improvement with duoderm and the same results were observed with Actiderm. Only three of 22 had mild improvement with Duoderm and two of 22 with Actiderm. No side effect were noted and none of the @entity1 became worse during this treatment. This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of @entity2995 0.1% cream under occlusion with two different hydrocolloid dressings in the treatment of chronic resistant plaques of @entity1569 . The use of a @entity15850 dressing in combination with @entity134 adds another therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic localized psoriatic lesions.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity2995 0.1% under occlusion: a comparison of two hydrocolloid dressings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity15850 :: ('MESH:D003102', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocolloid']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes predispose to @entity4309 , thus conferring a high relative risk of @entity14 . The @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 mutational spectrum reported so far involves minor alterations scattered throughout their coding regions as well as large genomic rearrangements. Therefore, a combination of complete sequencing and a specialized technique for the detection of genomic rearrangements should be conducted during a proper DNA-testing procedure. Our main goal was to successfully identify @entity4309 families and determine the spectrum of @entity6756 , @entity4311 and @entity4638 mutations in Greek Lynch families in order to develop an efficient screening protocol for the Greek @entity14 @entity1 ' cohort. METHODS: Forty-two samples from twenty-four families, out of which twenty two of Greek, one of Cypriot and one of Serbian origin, were screened for the presence of germline mutations in the major mismatch repair genes through direct sequencing and MLPA. Families were selected upon Amsterdam criteria or revised Bethesda guidelines. RESULTS: Ten deleterious alterations were detected in twelve out of the twenty-four families subjected to genetic testing, thus our detection rate is 50%. Four of the pathogenic point mutations, namely two nonsense, one missense and one splice site change, are novel, whereas the detected genomic deletion encompassing exon 6 of the @entity6756 gene has been described repeatedly in the LOVD database. The average age of onset for the development of both @entity14 among mutation positive families is 43.2 years. CONCLUSION: The mutational spectrum of the MMR genes investigated as it has been shaped by our analysis is quite heterogeneous without any strong indication for the presence of a founder effect.

title: Screening of the DNA mismatch repair genes XXXX , @entity4311 and @entity4638 in a Greek cohort of @entity4309 suspected families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and endometrial cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity6756 :: (4292,Gene) :: ['MLH1']


abstract: Recent molecular biological studies have identified @entity13712 as a candidate @entity5 stem cell (CSC) marker in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The purpose of this study was to examine the expression pattern of @entity13712 , and the other stem cell markers @entity1759 and @entity4206 , and their relationship to clinico-pathological features including survival in pulmonary @entity957 . We examined histologically the expression of @entity13712 , @entity1759 , and @entity4206 in 162 consecutive @entity957 by immunostaining. @entity13712 expression was observed in 107 (66%) @entity5 , @entity1759 in 145 (89.5%), and @entity4206 in 151 (93.2%), respectively. In 95.3% of the @entity13712 -positive @entity5 , @entity5 cells showing strong expression were localized in the periphery of the @entity5 nests. However, this peripheral localization was observed in only 55.9% of the @entity1759 -positive and 43% of @entity4206 -positive @entity5 . In 88.8% of the @entity13712 -positive @entity5 , positive cells were localized more peripherally in the @entity5 nests than @entity1759 - or @entity4206 -positive cells and when @entity1759 and @entity4206 expressions were compared in these @entity13712 -positive @entity5 , @entity4206 -positive layers in the periphery of the @entity5 nests were broader compared to @entity1759 -positive layers. These findings suggest @entity5 cells are aligned in the "hierarchical distribution pattern" according to the expression of these three markers. @entity1 who had @entity13712 -positive @entity5 with the "hierarchical pattern" resulted in significantly better overall survival than those who had @entity13712 -negative @entity5 (P = 0.043). These results suggest that @entity13712 expression would reflect the most immature status in the differentiation process of @entity957 , and @entity957 with hierarchical expression would be a well-organized @entity5 group with lower biological @entity146 based on the CSC concept.

title: Expression of @entity13712 , @entity1759 , and @entity4206 in XXXX of the lung.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SqCC']

entities_list: @entity13712 :: ('10630', 'Gene') :: ['Podoplanin', 'podoplanin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The chronicity status of @entity0 survivors suggests a growing need for @entity5 rehabilitation. Currently, the use of technology is a promising strategy for providing support, as reflected in the emergence of research interest in Web-based interventions in @entity5 survivorship. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted that included a total of 81 @entity1 who had completed adjuvant therapy (except hormone treatment) for stage I to IIIA @entity0 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to an 8-week Internet-based, tailored exercise program (n = 40) or to a control group (n = 41).The instruments used at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6-month follow-up were the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality-of-Life Questionnaire Core 30 and its @entity0 module, the Brief Pain Inventory, the handgrip dynamometer, the isometric abdominal test, the back dynamometer, the multiple sit-to-stand test, and the Piper Fatigue Scale. RESULTS: After the intervention, the telerehabilitation group had significantly improved scores for global health status, physical, role, cognitive functioning, and arm symptoms (all P < .01) as well as @entity158 severity (P = .001) and @entity158 interference (P = .045) compared with the control group. Significant improvements also were observed favoring the telerehabilitation group for affected and nonaffected side handgrip (both P = .006), abdominal, back and lower body strength (all P < .01), and total fatigue (P < .001). These findings were maintained after 6 months of follow-up, except for role functioning, @entity158 severity, and nonaffected side handgrip. Analysis was based on an intention-to-treat principle. CONCLUSIONS: This program may improve adverse effects and maintain benefits in @entity0 survivors. The results of this study have encouraging implications for @entity5 care. @entity5 2016;122:3166-74.    2016 American @entity5 Society.

title: Telehealth system: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of an internet-based exercise intervention on quality of life, XXXX , muscle strength, and fatigue in @entity0 survivors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The influence of @entity2204 ( @entity2204 ) polymorphism on clinical severity of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is still controversial. Cigarette smoking has been suggested to influence the progression of disability in these @entity1 . In this study, we aimed to investigate whether an interaction of smoking with the @entity2204 polymorphism influences the progression of disability in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: Smoking history from 205 female @entity1 with @entity15 was obtained. Clinical data collected include age at onset, disease duration, annual relapse rate, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the @entity15 Severity Score (MSSS). @entity2204 polymorphism was examined in all @entity1 and stratified according to smoking status and associations with the clinical data investigated. RESULTS: There were no significant associations between cigarette smoking and any of the clinical characteristics in the whole group of @entity1 . In @entity1 carrying the @entity2204 E4 isoform, smokers had a lower EDSS (P = 0.033) and MSSS (P = 0.023) in comparison with non-smokers. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that in @entity1 with @entity15 carrying the @entity2204 E4 isoform, cigarette smoking may have a protective influence on disease progression and accumulation of disability. These findings need to be confirmed by future large longitudinal studies.

title: XXXX polymorphism interacts with cigarette smoking in progression of @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein E', 'ApoE']

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein E']


abstract: PURPOSE: This analysis was undertaken to determine the cumulative risk of and risk factors for portal @entity101 (PHTN) in @entity1 with @entity3969 ( @entity3969 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Medical records were reviewed to identify cases of PHTN identified with late @entity99 in a cohort of 5,195 @entity1 treated with National @entity3969 Studies (NWTS) protocols 1 to 4. A nested case control study (5 controls/case) was conducted to determine relationships among @entity632 , @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) dose to the liver, @entity1 gender, and PHTN. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of PHTN associated with these factors. RESULTS: Cumulative risk of PHTN at 6 years from @entity3969 diagnosis was 0.7% for @entity1 with right-sided @entity5 vs. 0.1% for those with left-sided @entity5 (p = 0.002). Seventeen of 19 cases were evaluable for @entity1161 . The majority of cases (16/17 [94%]) received right-flank @entity1161 either alone or as part of whole-abdomen @entity1161 and received >15 Gy to the liver. Fifteen of 17 (88%) @entity1 received a higher dose to the liver than they would have with modern @entity3969 protocols. Controlling for @entity1161 dose, the HR was 3.0 for @entity1 who received @entity632 (p = 0.32) and 2.8 for females (p = 0.15). Controlling for @entity632 , the 95% lower confidence bound on the HR associating PHTN with a minimum liver @entity1161 dose of >15 Gy vs. <or=15 Gy was 2.5 (p = 0.001); it was 2.4 for a maximum liver dose of >15 Gy vs. <or=15 Gy (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a strong association between higher doses of liver @entity1161 (>15 Gy) and the development of PHTN among @entity3969 @entity1 .

title: @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity3969 : a report from the National XXXX Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' Tumor", "Wilms' tumor", 'WT']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver/spleen/gastric toxicities']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' Tumor']


abstract: The mechanism by which @entity20540 (ANP) increases renal water and solute excretion is not fully understood. We studied the renal effects of ANP and angiotensin II (ANG II) separately and together in uninephrectomized conscious @entity235 (n = 7) in @entity1372 metabolic balance (80 meq/day). Exogenous ANG II and ANP were without measurable systemic effects as demonstrated by absence of changes in blood pressure, plasma @entity1369 concentration, and plasma @entity1122 activity. The quantity of ANG II that had significant renal effects that were without measurable systemic effects was 0.2 pmol.kg-1.min-1. Three infusion rates of ANP had significant renal effects (1, 10, and 20 pmol.kg-1.min-1). These quantities of ANP caused significant diuresis, natriuresis, kaliuresis, and increased glomerular filtration rate without significant changes in renal plasma flow. ANG II alone caused significant antidiuresis, antinatriuresis, and decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. When ANG II and ANP were given together, no change in urinary flow rate, urinary @entity1372 or @entity972 excretion, or renal plasma flow was observed, whereas glomerular filtration rate increased. Filtration fraction increased significantly with ANG II and ANP separately and together. Intrarenal ANP prevents the ANG II-induced decrement in urinary @entity1372 excretion and urine flow rate. ANP may play an important role in escape from the @entity1372 -retaining action of intrarenal ANG II.

title: Angiotensin II modulates the intrarenal effects of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity20540 :: ('608289(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity20540 :: (608289(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['atrial natriuretic peptide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Treatment decisional preferences impact @entity0 @entity1 ' @entity283 ( @entity283 ) and may relate to psychological variables, although many aspects of this relationship remain unknown. This prospective study aimed to assess psychological correlates of treatment decisional preferences and predictors of @entity283 in @entity1 with early non-metastatic @entity0 . METHODS: Of the 124 @entity1 initially assessed for @entity148 (Spielberger's State-Trait @entity148 Inventory) and @entity308 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)) symptoms, @entity283 (WHOQOL-BREF), and defense mechanisms (Life Style Index), 82 (66.1%) completed the 1-year follow-up. Mean age was 54.6 years (SD = 9.76), and mean disease duration was 19.4 months (SD = 25.55); 19.5% had stage I, 63.4% stage II and 17.1% stage III disease. The predictive power and moderator effects of psychological variables were tested using multiple and @entity2357 models. RESULTS: @entity308 and physical @entity283 improved significantly, state @entity148 and mental and environment @entity283 remained stable, and social relations @entity283 deteriorated over the 1-year period. Older age (p = 0.021) and higher scores in repression defense (p = 0.044) were independently associated with passive decisional preferences. Earlier stage of @entity5 (p = 0.043), lower state @entity148 (p = 0.039), lower repression scores (p = 0.021) and improvement in @entity308 (p < 0.001) predicted physical @entity283 improvement. Moderation analysis showed that active decisional preferences predicted physical @entity283 improvement, but only in those @entity1 with lower repression levels. CONCLUSIONS: Defense mechanisms are associated with treatment decisional preferences and interact with factors predicting @entity283 in @entity1 with @entity0 . Clinicians should address the @entity1 ' @entity148 and @entity308 and refer @entity1 with high repression tendencies for psychological evaluation and management.

title: @entity148 , @entity308 and defense mechanisms associated with treatment decisional preferences and quality of life in non-metastatic XXXX : a 1-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQoL', 'health-related quality of life']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['hierarchical regression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) is a novel approach in drug use epidemiology which aims to monitor the extent of use of various drugs in a community. In this study, we investigate functional principal component analysis (FPCA) as a tool for analysing @entity1297 data and compare it to traditional principal component analysis (PCA) and to wavelet principal component analysis (WPCA) which is more flexible temporally. METHODS: We analysed temporal wastewater data from 42 European cities collected daily over one week in March 2013. The main temporal features of @entity32015 ( @entity14842 ) were extracted using FPCA using both Fourier and B-spline basis functions with three different smoothing parameters, along with PCA and WPCA with different mother wavelets and shrinkage rules. The stability of FPCA was explored through bootstrapping and analysis of sensitivity to missing data. RESULTS: The first three principal components (PCs), functional principal components (FPCs) and wavelet principal components (WPCs) explained 87.5-99.6  % of the temporal variation between cities, depending on the choice of basis and smoothing. The extracted temporal features from PCA, FPCA and WPCA were consistent. FPCA using Fourier basis and common-optimal smoothing was the most stable and least sensitive to missing data. CONCLUSION: FPCA is a flexible and analytically tractable method for analysing temporal changes in wastewater data, and is robust to missing data. WPCA did not reveal any rapid temporal changes in the data not captured by FPCA. Overall the results suggest FPCA with Fourier basis functions and common-optimal smoothing parameter as the most accurate approach when analysing @entity1297 data.

title: Exploring functional data analysis and wavelet principal component analysis on XXXX ( @entity14842 ) wastewater data.

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['Wastewater-based epidemiology', 'WBE']

answer: @entity32015 :: (D018817,Chemical) :: ['ecstasy']


abstract: Seventy-eight aerotolerant Campylobacter isolates were characterized phenotypically and by DNA hybridization (hydroxyapatite method at 50 and 65 degrees C). Two DNA relatedness groups were found. (i) Sixty-four strains belonged to aerotolerant Campylobacter DNA hybridization group 2. These organisms were isolated from @entity1 , primarily with @entity5163 , and animals on several continents. Strains were aerotolerant at 30 and 36 degrees C and catalase negative or weakly catalase positive, grew in media containing @entity2228 and on MacConkey agar, were susceptible to @entity802 , and were resistant to @entity5821 . The name @entity8177 sp. nov. is proposed for this group. (ii) DNA hybridization group 1 consisted of the type strain of Campylobacter cryaerophila and 13 additional strains isolated from 10 animals outside the United States and from three @entity1 within the United States. This group was genetically diverse; five strains were closely related to the type strain of C. cryaerophila (DNA hybridization group 1A), and eight strains were more closely related to one another (DNA hybridization group 1B). Strains in DNA hybridization group 1B were phenotypically diverse, with two of eight strains resembling C. cryaerophila. The seven strains from DNA hybridization groups 1A and 1B which resembled C. cryaerophila and the C. cryaerophila type strain were aerotolerant only at 30 degrees C and catalase positive, did not grow in @entity2228 or on MacConkey agar, were generally susceptible to @entity802 , and were resistant to @entity5821 . The remaining six strains of DNA hybridization group 1B phenotypically resembled @entity8177 ; however, they were generally catalase positive and susceptible to @entity802 and @entity5821 . DNA hybridization group 1B is not designated as a separate species at this time since it cannot, with certainty, be separated genetically from C. cryaerophila or phenotypically from @entity8177 .

title: XXXX sp. nov. isolated from @entity1 and animals with @entity5163 .

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity802 :: ('MESH:D009268', 'Chemical') :: ['nalidixic acid']

entities_list: @entity8177 :: ('28197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter butzleri', 'C. butzleri']

entities_list: @entity5163 :: ('MESH:D004403', 'Disease') :: ['diarrheal illness']

answer: @entity8177 :: (28197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter butzleri']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of the present study was to estimate the accuracy of a novel non-invasive epicardial and endocardial electrophysiology system (NEEES) for mapping ectopic ventricular depolarizations. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study enrolled 20 @entity1 with monomorphic @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) or @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ). All @entity1 underwent pre-procedural computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the heart and torso. Radiographic data were semi-automatically processed by the NEEES to reconstruct a realistic 3D model of the heart and torso. In the electrophysiology laboratory, body-surface electrodes were connected to the NEEES followed by unipolar EKG recordings during episodes of PVC/ @entity1165 . The body-surface EKG data were processed by the NEEES using its inverse-problem solution software in combination with anatomical data from the heart and torso. The earliest site of activation as denoted on the NEEES 3D heart model was compared with the PVC/ @entity1165 origin using a 3D electroanatomical mapping system. The site of successful catheter ablation served as final confirmation. A total of 21 PVC/ @entity1165 morphologies were analysed and ablated. The chamber of interest was correctly diagnosed non-invasively in 20 of 21 (95%) PVC/ @entity1165 cases. In 18 of the 21 (86%) cases, the correct ventricular segment was diagnosed. Catheter ablation resulted in acute success in 19 of the 20 (95%) @entity1 , whereas 1 @entity1 underwent successful surgical ablation. During 6 months of follow-up, 19 of the 20 (95%) @entity1 were free from recurrence off antiarrhythmic drugs. CONCLUSION: The NEEES accurately identified the site of PVC/ @entity1165 origin. Knowledge of the potential site of the PVC/ @entity1165 origin may aid the physician in planning a successful ablation strategy.

title: Noninvasive epicardial and endocardial mapping of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular contractions', 'PVCs']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['premature ventricular contractions']


abstract: Lymphomas with histologic features indicating a follicular center cell (FCC) origin were analyzed from 26 @entity1 of a group of 45 consecutive @entity1893 patinets whose @entity5 were studied for B- and T-cell characteristics. They were compared with benign, reactive lymphoid tissue from 14 @entity1 . Cell suspensions from biopsy material, blood, or bone marrow were examined for surface Ig and for rosette formation with @entity742 erythrocytes (E rosettes). Of the 26 @entity1 with @entity8462 , 22 had 40% or more Ig-bearing cells; all @entity1 with @entity8462 tissues had 25% or less E rosette-forming cells. Cells from most @entity8462 of the cleaved type had surfac IgM; those from several @entity8462 had both IgM and IgD. Cells from lymphomas of noncleaved cell type had surface IgG or IgA. Light-chain analysis showed that cells from @entity8462 bore a predominant light-chain type, which indicated their monoclonal nature. Neoplastic cells from several @entity8462 synthesized the surface Ig which they bore. Reactive tissues usually contained fewer Ig-bearing and more E rosette-forming cells than @entity8462 ; the Ig-bearing cells, with one exception, had a polyclonal distribution. Correlation of histologic and immunologic observations indicates that @entity706 identified as FCC in origin by light micorscopic criteria mark as B cells with the use of immunologic techniques and that @entity8462 are the most common type of @entity1893 .

title: XXXX of follicular center cell origin in @entity1 . I. Immunologic studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['most lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['FCC lymphomas', 'FCC lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['Malignant lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: While there is accumulated evidence showing the rapid rise of the burden caused by @entity166 ( @entity166 ) in Vietnam, information on the extent to which households in the country suffer financial @entity16839 or impoverishment caused by the diseases is still largely lacking. This paper aims to examine the self-reported prevalence of major @entity102 among a population in rural Vietnam and to analyse the household financial burden associated with these diseases. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 800 randomly selected households was carried out in Vo Nhai District, Thai Nguyen Province, in 2010. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with key informants of selected households on diagnosed chronic @entity166 , health care utilization and health expenditure of all household members. The World Health Organization's definitions of @entity16839 and impoverishment were used. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. RESULTS: The prevalence of chronic @entity166 in households and individuals was 29.3 and 33.4%, respectively. The @entity16839 health expenditure and impoverishment rates among the households who have at least one member with a @entity102 were 14.6 and 7.6%, respectively. These rates were significantly higher than the corresponding figures among the households whose members were free from the diseases (4.2 and 2.3%, respectively). The odds of experiencing @entity16839 health expenditure and impoverishment among the household with NCD @entity1 were 3.2 and 2.3 times greater than that of other households. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate that the epidemiological and household financial burdens caused by @entity102 in Vietnam are now substantial and need immediate mitigation measures.

title: Assessing the household financial burden associated with the chronic XXXX in a rural district of Vietnam.

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophe', 'catastrophic expenditure', 'catastrophic']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['non-communicable diseases', 'NCDs']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['non-communicable diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysferlinopathies are @entity74 caused by mutations in the @entity29729 ( @entity29729 ) gene encoding the @entity29729 protein. @entity29729 mutations lead to a wide range of muscular phenotypes, with the most prominent being @entity29730 ( @entity29730 ) and @entity17325 type 2B ( @entity29729 ). METHODS: We assessed the one-year-natural course of @entity29731 , and the safety and efficacy of deflazacort treatment in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. After one year of natural course without intervention, 25 @entity1 with genetically defined @entity29731 were randomized to receive deflazacort and placebo for six months each (1 mg/kg/day in month one, 1 mg/kg every 2nd day during months two to six) in one of two treatment sequences. RESULTS: During one year of natural course, muscle strength declined about 2% as measured by CIDD (Clinical Investigation of @entity1555 ) score, and 76 Newton as measured by hand-held dynamometry. Deflazacort did not improve muscle strength. In contrast, there is a trend of worsening muscle strength under deflazacort treatment, which recovers after discontinuation of the study drug. During deflazacort treatment, @entity1 showed a broad spectrum of steroid side effects. CONCLUSION: Deflazacort is not an effective therapy for @entity29731 , and off-label use is not warranted. This is an important finding, since steroid treatment should not be administered in @entity1 with @entity29731 , who may be often misdiagnosed as @entity6558 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: This clinical trial was registered at http://www.ClincalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT00527228, and was always freely accessible to the public.

title: Treatment of XXXX with deflazacort: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity29731 :: ('MESH:C537995', 'Disease') :: ['dysferlinopathies', 'dysferlinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne Dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity29730 :: ('MESH:C537480', 'Disease') :: ['Miyoshi myopathy', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorders']

entities_list: @entity17325 :: ('MESH:D049288', 'Disease') :: ['limb girdle muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity29731 :: (MESH:C537995,Disease) :: ['dysferlinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity137 ( @entity137 ), @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ), and @entity6715 has been assessed using a disease-specific severity score (SCORTEN) based on clinical and laboratory data. Histologic data may improve outcome prediction. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether @entity2617 and @entity39 predict survival of @entity1 with @entity137 , @entity6715 , or @entity6715 / @entity137 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of clinical records and skin biopsy specimens read without knowledge of clinical data. RESULTS: We identified 108 @entity1 ( @entity6715 , n = 42; @entity6715 / @entity137 , n = 36; @entity137 , n = 30). Overall mortality was 21.3%. @entity2617 and @entity39 were not associated with time from disease onset to biopsy. Extensive dermal infiltrates were seen in 19 (18.5%) @entity1 and full-thickness @entity39 in 56 (52%) @entity1 . Dermal infiltrate severity was not associated with day-1 (D1) SCORTEN or @entity204 . Epidermal @entity39 severity showed trends toward associations with D1 SCORTEN (P = .11) and @entity204 (P = .06). In univariate analyses, full-thickness @entity39 was significantly associated with @entity204 (32.1% vs 11.4%, P = .017) and worse D1 SCORTEN values (1.98    1.29 vs 1.55    1.21; P = .04). In the bivariate analysis, however, D1 SCORTEN remained significantly associated with @entity204 (odds ratio = 3.07, 95% confidence interval 1.83-5.16) but the association with full-thickness @entity39 was no longer significant (odds ratio = 2.02, 95% confidence interval 0.65-7.12). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study design and indirect assessment of progression are limitations. CONCLUSION: Full-thickness @entity39 was associated with mortality but did not independently predict @entity204 after adjustment based on the SCORTEN value. Dermal infiltrate severity was not associated with @entity204 .

title: Prognostic value of histologic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['TEN', 'toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS/TEN overlap syndrome', 'SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'epidermal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['Dermal infiltration', 'dermal mononuclear infiltration']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['hospital death']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']


abstract: 1. Habitat loss and @entity1949 are the principal causes of the loss of biological diversity. In addition, @entity4801 are an emerging threat to many animals. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have tested how habitat loss and @entity1949 influence the prevalence and @entity4801 in animals. 2. Several studies of nonhuman primates have shown that measures of @entity1 activity and @entity1949 correlate with @entity4801 in primates. However, these studies have not tested for the ecological mechanism(s) by which @entity1 activities or @entity1949 influence the prevalence and @entity4801 . 3. We tested the hypothesis that increased host density due to @entity1949 and loss mediates increases in the prevalence and @entity3794 of @entity344 in two forest primates, the Tana River @entity24378 (Procolobus rufomitratus, Peters 1879) and mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus, Peters 1879). We focused on population density because epidemiological theory states that host density is a key determinant of the prevalence and @entity3794 of directly transmitted parasites in animals. 4. The Tana River @entity24378 and mangabey are endemic to a highly fragmented forest ecosystem in eastern Kenya where habitat changes are caused by a growing @entity1 population increasingly dependent on forest resources and on clearing forest for cultivation. 5. We found that the prevalence of parasites in the two monkeys was very high compared to primates elsewhere. Density of monkeys was positively associated with forest area and disturbance in forests. In turn, the prevalence and @entity4801 was significantly associated with monkey density, and attributes indicative of @entity1 disturbance in forests. 6. We also found significant differences in the patterns of @entity4801 between the colobus and the mangabey possibly attributable to differences in their behavioural ecology. Colobus are arboreal folivores while mangabeys are terrestrial habitat generalists.

title: Host density and @entity1 activities mediate increased parasite prevalence and @entity3794 in primates threatened by habitat loss and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation', 'forest fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic diseases', 'parasitism', 'richness of parasites']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['fragmentation']


abstract: Down-regulation of hCG receptors and a steroidogenic lesion in @entity1420 production were observed in isolated luteal cells after 24-h treatment of pseudopregnant @entity35 with 50 IU hCG. The luteal cells from hCG-desensitized @entity35 exhibited a complete loss of steroidogenic response to lipoproteins in both the absence and presence of hCG. This loss of response was not overcome by the addition of @entity8858 . To examine if the loss of steroidogenic response is due to a transient loss of steroidogenic enzymes or inadequate delivery of substrate @entity165 , @entity165 side-chain cleavage enzyme ( @entity7816 ) activity was measured in the isolated mitochondria. No differences appeared in enzyme activity between control and hCG-treated groups. Furthermore, electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of mitochondrial @entity1447 scc from control and hCG-treated groups exhibited no appreciable differences in low spin electron paramagnetic resonance signal (g = 1.9, 2.2, and 2.4) or high spin EPR signal (g = 8.2), suggesting that the binding of the substrate to @entity7816 was not impaired. Additionally, the @entity68 sulfur protein signal (g = 1.95 and 2.03) of the reduced mitochondria remained unchanged in the desensitized group. These data were supported by immunoblotting analysis which revealed no difference in the relative amounts of @entity68 sulfur protein or @entity7816 between the two groups. Moreover, the inner mitochondrial membranes, the locus of @entity7816 , showed an identical @entity165 content in control and desensitized mitochondria, indicating that the availability of @entity165 substrate is not impaired during desensitization. These results suggest that the intramitochondrial transfer of @entity165 and @entity165 side-chain cleavage enzyme activity are unaffected in the desensitized state, but an inhibitory substance might be responsible for the lack of steroidogenic response.

title: Modulation of @entity1420 synthesis and @entity1447 levels in XXXX luteal cells during human chorionic gonadotropin-induced desensitized state.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity8858 :: ('MESH:C007997', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxycholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1030 is a @entity74 with clinical assessment becoming increasingly multidimensional. We hypothesized HRCT phenotype would strongly influence clinical outcomes including health status, exacerbation frequency, and BODE. @entity1030 subjects were characterized via the SF-12, SGRQ, MMRC, physiologic testing, and standardized volumetric chest HRCT. Visual semi-quantitative estimation of bronchial wall thickness (VBT) and automated quantification of @entity2415 percent and bronchial wall thickness were generated. Multivariate modeling compared @entity2415 severity and @entity1030 with clinical outcome measures. Poisson models were used to analyze exacerbation frequency. SGRQ and SF-12 physical component scores were influenced by FEV(1)% predicted, @entity2415 percent, and VBT. VBT scores > 2 (scale 0-48) were associated with increased exacerbation frequency (p = 0.009) in the preceding year adjusting for age, gender, @entity2415 percent, smoking history and FEV(1)% predicted, although this effect was attenuated by age. @entity2415 percent correlated with total BODE score in unadjusted (r = 0.73; p < 0.0001) and adjusted (p < 0.0001) analyses and with BODE individual components. HRCT provides unique @entity1030 phenotyping information. Radiographic quantification of @entity2415 and bronchial thickness are independently associated with SGRQ and physical component score of the SF-12. Bronchial thickness but not @entity2415 is associated with exacerbation frequency, whereas @entity2415 is a stronger predictor of BODE and its systemic components MMRC, 6MWT, and BMI. Future research should clarify whether CT parameters complement BODE score in influencing survival.

title: Clinical significance of radiologic characterizations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogeneous disorder']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['Emphysema', 'emphysema']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway abnormality', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: A 40-year-old breast-feeding @entity1 presented with left breast swelling. On physical examination a 7 cm mass was found in the breast. Because biopsy demonstrated malignant tissue, mastectomy with axillary nodal dissection was performed. Pathological findings were consistent with @entity0 with nodal metastases. The @entity5 consisted of three types of invasion: ductal, squamous, and sarcomatous. Furthermore, three morphological transitions were observed: ductal-squamous, ductal-sarcomatous, and squamous-sarcomatous. @entity513 (12/18 microscopy slides) and squamous-sarcomatous transitions (10/18) were more commonly observed than ductal-sarcomatous transition (3/18). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry showed loss of epithelial marker (cytokeratin) and acquisition of mesenchymal markers ( @entity2277 and alpha-smooth muscle actin) in the sarcomatous component. These findings suggested that epithelial-mesenchymal transition had occurred in the @entity5 and that two pathways, @entity513 , were involved in progression of @entity0 . The main pathway appeared to be @entity513 . Regarding the nodal metastases, of 13 positive nodes, ductal, squamous, and sarcomatous components were observed in 13, seven, and two nodes, respectively. Moreover, as in the @entity5 , ductal-squamous and squamous-sarcomatous transitions were observed. This suggested that the ductal component metastasized to the nodes and that epithelial-mesenchymal transition subsequently occurred within the nodes.

title: Histogenesis of XXXX and axillary nodal metastases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metaplastic breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal-squamous-sarcomatous transition', 'ductal-squamous-sarcomatous and ductal-sarcomatous transition', 'Ductal-squamous']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['metaplastic breast carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity1 undergoing surgical procedures through median sternotomy have reduced pulmonary function in the postoperative period. Our study was designed to evaluate the effect of @entity456 in terms of respiratory functions and @entity158 score after coronary bypass procedures. METHODS: In a randomized, prospective study we evaluated 320 @entity1 in two groups. Group I (n = 160) @entity1 were the @entity1 whose @entity1143 was intact while internal mammary artery (IMA) harvesting, and in group II (n = 160) the @entity1143 of the @entity1 was opened. They matched in terms of postoperative respiratory functions and @entity158 score. RESULTS: FEV1 (%) and FEV1/FVC levels at the postoperative fifth day were significantly lower in group II (I = 71.5 +/- 4.9 vs. II = 63.5 +/- 8.3 and I = 24.1 vs. II = 22.1), respectively (p < 0.05). The rate of postoperative @entity1143 and @entity891 at the postoperative fifth day were significantly higher in group II (I = 35%, 15% vs. II = 48%, 35%), respectively (p < 0.05). The @entity158 score was higher in group II at postoperative fifth day. CONCLUSIONS: All @entity1 undergoing @entity299 in pulmonary functions. Pleurotomy seems to compound this with increased rates of @entity891 and @entity1143 . Moreover, preserving @entity456 provides beneficial effects on @entity158 score after coronary operations especially in the early postoperative period.

title: Preserved @entity456 provides better respiratory function and XXXX score after coronary surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions', 'pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac surgery suffer deterioration']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural integrity']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity5505 was evaluated as an antipseudomonal drug, in a non-comparative study including 10 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , at a daily dose of 3-6 g/day i.v. or i.m. for 4 days. Bacteriological eradication was initally obtained in 13 @entity1 (93%), but 1 @entity1 did not significantly improve, and 1 failure and 4 relapses occurred. Follow up was not adequate in 2 @entity1 , so definite cure was obtained in 7/12 @entity1 (58.3%). The drug was withdrawn in one case because of a severe @entity1910 ; other side-effects were minimal and reversible. All the organisms were susceptible to @entity5505 (mean @entity23390 .72 mg/l). Mean serum levels of @entity5505 were 2 mg/l at the trough and 55.7 mg/l (range 48-70) 30 min after iv injection, and after 1 g i.m. 5.1 mg/l (2-125) and 34.1 mg/l (18-48), respectively. A good correlation was generally observed between serum activity, serum values and MICs.

title: Clinical and bacteriological evaluation of @entity5505 ( XXXX ) as an antipseudomonal drug.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime', 'Ceftazidime']

answer: @entity5505 :: (MESH:D002442,Chemical) :: ['GR 20263']


abstract: In a significant fraction of @entity1 with @entity978 , a condition develops that is resistant to conventional chemotherapy. Experience using high-dose chemotherapy, with or without @entity131 , and ABMR is expanding. In @entity978 , remissions can be achieved in approximately half of the @entity1 with relapsed @entity1442 . High-dose chemoradiotherapy regimens are toxic and require extensive supportive care. Relapse frequently occurs in areas of previous disease, which suggests failure of the conditioning regimen rather than infusion of occult @entity5 cells in the autologous bone marrow. Thus, the role of marrow purging in this therapy needs to be evaluated further. It is also important to evaluate the effects of more vigorous attempts at cytoreduction of bulky disease prior to high-dose therapy and ABMR. We recommend that high-dose therapy and ABMR in an investigational setting be used in @entity1 with @entity978 who experience relapse after MOPP and ABVD or equivalent regimens. @entity137 can be decreased and efficacy increased only if therapy is administered to @entity1 who have not been heavily pretreated and who have lower @entity5 burden and a good performance status. Finally, high-dose therapy with ABMR has a definite role in salvaging @entity1 with @entity978 . Many issues need to be resolved, including the optimal timing of this approach and the optimal conditioning regimen. In the years to come these questions may be answered by the many studies now under way.

title: The role of high-dose therapy and autologous bone marrow reinfusion in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease", "refractory Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2718 colitis (CDC) is a major health concern in the United States (US), with earlier reports demonstrating a rising incidence. Studies analyzing predictors for total colectomy and mortality after colectomy are limited by small numbers. STUDY DESIGN: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) 2001 to 2010 was retrospectively reviewed for CDC trends, the associated colectomy and mortality rates. @entity1 and hospital variables were used in the LASSO algorithm for logistic regression with 10-fold cross validation to build a predictive model for colectomy requirement and mortality after colectomy. The association of colectomy day with mortality was also examined on multivariable logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: An estimated 2,773,521 discharges with a diagnosis of CDC were identified in the US over a decade. Colectomy was required in 19,374 cases (0.7%), with an associated mortality of 30.7%. Compared with the 2001 to 2005 period, the 2006 to 2010 period witnessed a 47% increase in the rate of CDC and a 32% increase in the rate of colectomies. The LASSO algorithm identified the following predictors for colectomy: @entity1003 (odds ratio [OR] 2.71), @entity353 (OR 2.25), teaching hospitals (OR 1.37), fluid or electrolyte disorders (OR 1.31), and large hospitals (OR 1.18). The predictors of mortality after colectomy were: @entity1003 (OR 2.38), age greater than 60 years (OR 1.97), @entity810 (OR 1.67), @entity1576 (OR 1.61), @entity295 (OR 1.40), @entity1095 (OR 1.39), and @entity712 (OR 1.25). Surgery more than 3 days after admission was associated with higher mortality rates (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.14; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2718 colitis is increasing in the US, with an associated increase in total colectomies. Mortality rates after colectomy remain elevated. Progression to colectomy and mortality thereafter are associated with several @entity1 and hospital factors. Knowledge of these risk factors may help in risk-stratification and counseling.

title: XXXX colitis in the United States: a decade of trends, outcomes, risk factors for colectomy, and mortality after colectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity2718 :: (1496,Species) :: ['Clostridium difficile']


abstract: @entity19 were @entity778 (M-MuLV) at two different stages of development. Either newborn @entity19 (which can be considered as essentially fully differentiated animals) or preimplantation @entity19 embryos (at the 4-8 cell stage) were infected with M-MuLV. In both cases, animals that had developed an M-MuLV-induced @entity1778 were obtained. Two lines of evidence indicate that @entity281 , in contrast to infection of newborns, can lead to integration of the virus into the germ line. 1. Viremic males of the first backcross generation (N-1 generation) transmitted the virus to 50% of their offspring (N-2 generation) when mated with uninfected females. Likewise, a 50% transmission was observed from viremic N-2 and N-3 males to the next generations. 2. Molecular hybridization experiments revealed that viremic N-1 and N-2 animals carried one copy of M-MuLV per diploid @entity19 genome equivalent in all "non-target" organs tested. Together, both experiments indicate that the exogenous M-MuLV can be converted to an endogenous virus after @entity281 . The available evidence suggests that M-MuLV integrated into the germ line at one out of two possible integration sites. Thus, viremic backcross animals are heterozygous for a single Mendelian locus carrying the M-MuLV gene. During leukemogenesis an amplification of the M-MuLV from one copy to a maximum of four copies per diploid @entity19 genome equivalent takes place in the @entity5 tissues.

title: Germ line integration and Mendelian transmission of the exogenous Moloney XXXX virus.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infected with the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection of preimplantation embryos']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: Limited information is available regarding the use of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) for the treatment of feline dermatoses. The aim of this retrospective study was therefore to describe the efficacy of @entity870 for the therapy of @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ), @entity1712 , indolent @entity1066 , linear @entity738 , idiopathic @entity111 and @entity3136 . A computer search for feline dermatological cases treated with @entity870 between 1999 and 2004 was performed. Based on history, clinical signs and laboratory diagnostic tests, it was then possible to divide cases into three groups and to select 23 @entity468 . Seven @entity468 had one or more of the following conditions: @entity1712 , @entity1712 , indolent @entity1066 (group A); eight @entity468 had idiopathic @entity111 (group B) and eight @entity468 had plasmacytic @entity3136 (group C). Doses ranged from 5.8 to 13.3 mg kg(-1) oral @entity870 . All @entity468 were monitored, with complete serum blood analysis and physical examination, monthly for a minimum of 6 months. Response to therapy was scored (severity of lesions and @entity111 ) with a 0-10 visual analogue scale at each visit (day 0, day, 30, day 60, day 90). All @entity468 in groups A and B were cured and were maintained on alternate day therapy. In group C, 4/8 @entity1 went into remission, while remaining @entity468 have a fair to good improvement. Routine haematological and biochemical examination failed to reveal abnormalities related to @entity870 administration.

title: The use of oral XXXX to treat feline dermatoses: a retrospective analysis of 23 cases.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma', 'eosinophilic plaque', 'EG']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer and/or linear granuloma']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporin']


abstract: Parasitic ventricle hypothesis: a normal @entity1 heart is composed of four chambers that include two atria and two ventricles; the left ventricle is juxtaposed to the right ventricle. The left ventricle receives arterial blood from the left atrium and then ejects it into the general circulation, while the right ventricle receives venous blood from the right atrium and ejects it into the pulmonary circulation. So this structure restricts the arterial blood from mixing with the venous blood. But the heart of the @entity1 suffering from single ventricle is composed of only one ventricle, and the @entity1 can survive for several years, but eventually they die of @entity519 induced by mixing up of arterial and venous blood in single ventricle. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that if an artificial akinesic ventricle device made of a biomaterial (such as pericardium autograft) (named as parasitic ventricle) is put into the single ventricle chamber of such @entity1 , it would function as the right ventricle, and the single ventricle chamber is rendered to function as the left ventricle. Unlike the normal heart, this parasitic relationship enables to form a new type of @entity299 . It has been found that the parasitic ventricle works relying on the function of the single ventricle, and the relationship of @entity4801 can be established between the two ventricles, "left ventricle" containing "right ventricle". This kind of @entity299 can prevent the venous blood from mixing with the arterial blood; therefore, the @entity1 in the absence of @entity519 may survive longer. The theory is a completely new @entity299 and work mode theory. We hope that this theory can open a new way to design a new operative procedure for effectively anatomically treating a @entity1 with single ventricle. In addition, it may supply a new theory for designing a new total artificial heart with many advantages.

title: A novel XXXX and work mode hypothesis: parasitic ventricle theory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart structure']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart structure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to investigate the effect of idiopathic @entity8511 ( @entity8511 ) on both, the @entity158 perception within trigeminal lingual nerve distribution and gustatory sensitivity using @entity2951 threshold test, and regional taste tests, respectively. METHODS: Pain thresholds for @entity2951 were assessed using @entity2951 -impregnated filter-paper strips. The strips were placed midline on the tongue tip for whole mouth testing with the mouth closed, and on the left or right edge of the extended anterior tongue for lateralized testing. Measures of gustatory function were obtained by validated "taste strips" test kit and electrogustometry. The tests were applied to 13 @entity1 with @entity8511 . Results were compared with those from 28 healthy subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity8511 exhibited a decreased gustatory and somatosensory perception compared with healthy controls. These changes were found for lateralized tests but not for the whole mouth test procedure. @entity74 showed an effect on the @entity2951 threshold, with @entity1 being less sensitive to @entity2951 exhibiting an @entity74 . CONCLUSION: Both @entity158 -related and gustatory sensitivies of the tongue are found to be decreased in @entity8511 .

title: XXXX perception and taste in @entity8511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity8511 :: ('MESH:D002054', 'Disease') :: ['BMS', 'burning mouth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disorder', 'increased duration of disorder']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Oral pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: Childhood @entity16663 ( @entity16663 ) are rare @entity5 , except in southern Brazil, where a higher incidence rate is associated to a high frequency of the founder @entity28503 @entity876 mutation. To date, copy number alterations in these @entity5 have only been analyzed by low-resolution comparative genomic hybridization. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed an international series of 25 childhood @entity16663 using high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to: 1) detect focal copy number alterations highlighting candidate driver genes; and 2) compare genetic alterations between Brazilian @entity1 carrying the @entity28503 @entity876 mutation and non-Brazilian @entity1 . RESULTS: We identified 16 significantly recurrent chromosomal alterations (q-value < 0.05), the most frequent being -4q34, +9q33-q34, +19p, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 17 and 11p15. Focal amplifications and homozygous deletions comprising well-known oncogenes (MYC, @entity7465 , @entity675 , @entity2467 , @entity2423 , @entity1836 ) and @entity5 suppressors ( @entity876 , @entity996 , @entity35064 ) were identified. In addition, eight focal deletions were detected at 4q34, defining a sharp peak region around the noncoding RNA @entity35065 gene. Although @entity5 with a mutated @entity876 were similar to @entity5 , those with a wild-type @entity876 displayed distinct genomic profiles, with significantly fewer rearrangements (P = 0.019). In particular, three alterations (LOH of chromosome 17, +9q33-q34, and -4q34) were significantly more frequent in @entity876 -mutated samples. Finally, two of four @entity876 wild-type @entity5 displayed as sole rearrangement a copy-neutral LOH of the imprinted region at 11p15, supporting a major role for this region in @entity16663 development. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight potential driver genes and cellular pathways implicated in childhood @entity16663 and demonstrate the existence of different oncogenic routes in this pathology.

title: SNP array profiling of childhood XXXX reveals distinct pathways of tumorigenesis and highlights candidate driver genes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Brazilian tumors', 'non-Brazilian tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors', 'ACT']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Very recently, a novel @entity164 2 @entity6 risk gene, i.e., @entity26758 , was identified and reported to affect fasting glycemia. Using our thoroughly phenotyped cohort of subjects at an increased risk for @entity164 2 @entity6 , we assessed the association of common genetic variation within the @entity26758 locus with @entity28 and @entity5710 , namely @entity73 and insulin resistance. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We genotyped 1,578 non-diabetic subjects, metabolically characterized by oral @entity413 tolerance test, for five tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering 100% of common genetic variation (minor allele frequency > 0.05) within the @entity26758 locus ( @entity32066 , @entity32067 , @entity32068 , @entity26757 , @entity32069 ). In a subgroup (N = 513), insulin sensitivity was assessed by @entity1717 , and in a further subgroup (N = 301), @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion was determined by intravenous @entity413 tolerance test. After appropriate adjustment for confounding variables and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, none of the tagging SNPs was reliably associated with measures of adiposity. SNPs @entity32066 , @entity32067 , and @entity26757 were significantly associated with higher fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations (p < 0.0001) and reduced OGTT- and IVGTT-induced insulin release (p < or = 0.0007 and p < or = 0.01, respectively). By contrast, SNP @entity32069 displayed significant association with lower fasting plasma @entity413 levels and increased OGTT-induced insulin release (p<0.0001 and p < or = 0.0002, respectively). Moreover, SNP @entity32069 revealed significant association with elevated fasting- and OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity (p < or = 0.0021). None of the @entity26758 tagging SNPs altered @entity2690 -to-insulin conversion. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In conclusion, common genetic variation within @entity26758 determines @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion and plasma @entity413 concentrations. Their impact on beta-cell function might represent the prevailing pathomechanism how @entity26758 variants increase the @entity164 2 @entity6 risk.

title: Polymorphisms within the novel XXXX 2 @entity6 risk locus @entity26758 determine beta-cell function.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes traits']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired insulin secretion']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various modalities have been used in the treatment of @entity1665 areata (AA), including pulsed oral @entity288 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed oral @entity229 in the management of AA. METHODS: This was a prospective study in @entity1 with progressive AA affecting more than 40% of the scalp. All @entity1 received 5mg/kg (300 mg) oral @entity229 once a month for 3 to 6 months and were examined for adverse effects. Hair growth was classified as complete, cosmetically acceptable, incomplete or no growth. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 (18 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 12+/-3 years were included. AA was ongoing for a mean 2 (1-17) years. Thirteen (38%) @entity1 presented @entity1663 , six universalis (20%), six multifocal with ophiasic pattern (18%), six totalis (18%), and three ophiasic (6%). Six @entity1 (18%) had no regrowth. At 3 months, incomplete or cosmetically acceptable response was noted in 28 @entity1 (82%). At 6 months, 14 @entity1 (41%) presented complete response, eight @entity1 (23%) had a persistent incomplete response, and six @entity1 (18%) had a persistent cosmetically acceptable response. Adverse effects were noted in five @entity1 (15%). Variables predictive for no-growth response were nail involvement (P=0.001), associated dysimmunity (P=0.017), and universalis form (P=0.050). CONCLUSION: A once-monthly oral pulse of 300 mg @entity229 appears effective and safe. It can be recommended as first-line treatment for widespread AA.

title: [Treatment of @entity1665 areata with XXXX in a once-monthly oral pulse].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1663 :: ('MESH:D000506', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal AA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity229 :: (MESH:D011241,Chemical) :: ['prednisone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to screen differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and investigate function of the specifically selected miRNA in synovial fibroblasts from @entity1 suffering @entity571 of temporomandibular joint (TMJOA). METHODS: MiRNA microarray was used to select differentially expressed miRNAs between TMJOA and normal synovial fibroblasts. The expression of screened @entity494 -3p was quantified using real-time PCR, and its specific target gene was predicted by bioinformatics. After transfection of @entity494 -3p mimics or inhibitor into synovial fibroblasts, the expression of @entity12136 ( @entity12136 ) was detected by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Dual luciferase activity was performed to identify the direct regulation of @entity494 -3p on @entity12136 . Interlukin-1b ( @entity1356 ) mimics an inflammatory situation. RESULTS: In TMJOA synovial fibroblasts, eight miRNAs were up-regulated and six miRNAs were down-regulated. @entity494 -3p was the most down-expressed. A sequence in the 3'-untranslated (3'-UTR) of @entity12136 complementary to the seed sequence of @entity494 -3p. Elevated expression of @entity12136 associated with attenuation of @entity494 -3p. Over-expression of @entity494 -3p suppressed the activity of a reporter construct containing the 3'-UTR of @entity12136 transcript and inhibited the expression of @entity12136 as well as its downstream molecules, @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) and @entity1495 in TMJOA synovial fibroblasts. @entity1356 suppressed the expression of @entity494 -3p in both a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The reduction of @entity494 -3p in synovial fibroblasts, attributed from abundance of @entity1356 in inflamed circumstance, induces @entity12136 up-regulation and then, initiates @entity3334 and @entity1495 secretion, thereby leading to continuously pathological development in TMJOA.

title: MicroRNA221-3p modulates @entity12136 expression in synovial fibroblasts from XXXX with @entity571 of temporomandibular joint.

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP1', 'matrix metalloproteinase 1']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity12136 :: ('2113', 'Gene') :: ['v-Ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1', 'Ets-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity221 and @entity1353 . She had facial @entity1910 , hair-loss, @entity4841 , urinary casts, @entity882 , @entity2905 , and deposits of IgG, IgM, C3 in the epidermis. @entity1252 was diagnosed. She also had severe @entity1353 , which gradually progressed. In spite of @entity134 pulse therapy and @entity786 , she eventually died about two months after admission. Chest X-ray film showed bilateral ground-glass shadow and volume-loss. High-resolution CT of the lung showed marked high density area with airbronchogram in the posterior part and a gradually enlarging slight high density area in the anterior area. Pathological findings of the posterior area were @entity891 and dense @entity82 . The findings of the anterior area were collapsed alveoli and @entity384 . These findings might suggest that @entity133 play a major role in the course of @entity3794 of this @entity1 .

title: [A case of XXXX followed by high-resolution CT].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated alveolar ducts']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar collapse']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['acute lupus pneumonitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity15098 @entity15102 mutation is the most frequent known cause of familial and sporadic @entity191 . Knowledge of its worldwide frequency distribution is essential for clinical and molecular research as well as genetic counseling. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of the reported frequency of @entity15102 in different populations and to assess critically the quality of the clinical studies. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of all published papers on @entity15102 frequency in homogeneous ethnic groups or sub-groups of @entity1 . Selected papers were analyzed for methodological quality. RESULTS: 68 studies from 32 countries were included in the analysis. A heterogeneous distribution was observed with high frequencies in North African Arab countries, the Middle East, southern Europe, North American Ashkenazi Jewish populations and in South American countries with known European ethnic influence. Frequencies ranged from the no cases to 35.7% in sporadic and 42% in familial North-African Arab @entity1 . Only one paper from one sub-Saharan country was found. Methodological pitfalls were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated frequencies were found to be variable, which may reflect ethnic differences and methodological discrepancies. We make recommendations on the methods of selection of @entity1 and on the definition of @entity191 to improve the quality of frequency studies on @entity15098 mutations.

title: Worldwide frequency of XXXX @entity15098 mutation in @entity191 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["familial Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity15102 :: (p|SUB|G|2019|S,ProteinMutation) :: ['G2019S']


abstract: Numerous cases of self-inflicted foreign bodies in the male urethra have been reported. A case of a self-inflicted @entity130 or @entity2695 in an adolescent that presented a dilemma is described here. An adolescent male of 14 years presented with a complaint of intermittent @entity548 for a week. He attributed this to blunt @entity130 sustained while playing in school. On examination, there was no sign suggestive of any @entity130 or any abnormal lesion on the genitalia or surrounding area. On cystourethroscopy, there was a solitary hemorrhagic lesion of 0.5 cm with a bluish base on the ventral surface of the pendular urethra, 1 cm proximal to the fossa navicularis, which was ablated using Ho:YAG laser fiber (365  m) through a working channel mounted in an OIU (optical internal urethrotomy) sheath. The absence of any sign of external @entity130 or presentation after 1 week of the incident suggests an element of falseness in the history. It may be due to embarrassment or fear, which contributes to self-insertion of foreign bodies into the urethra as the primary cause, especially in adolescent males. However, the @entity130 can be coincidental, with the bleeding of the urethra caused by a urethral lesion like a @entity2695 and might present after a long gap of 1 week due to a lack of understanding or lack of severe symptoms. Most @entity1 of self-inflicted injuries are too ashamed to admit that they inserted any object. A psychiatric evaluation is recommended for all these adolescents, with appropriate medical therapy when indicated.

title: Unusual cause of XXXX in an adolescent: a case in dilemma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['urethral bleeding']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['urethral bleeding']


abstract: Serum @entity1011 elevation in a stable transplant recipient most often suggests rejection of the transplant and requires further evaluation and management. In our series of juvenile @entity6 @entity1 who have received kidney transplants, we frequently have observed @entity1011 elevations in association with @entity4854 . Correction of the @entity4854 resulted in return of serum @entity1011 to normal levels and no rejection therapy was required. To better define this syndrome, 2,734 paired measurements of blood @entity413 and serum @entity1011 were obtained in 52 stable post-transplant @entity6 @entity1 . A mean increase in blood @entity413 of 100 mg. per 100 ml. was found to increase serum @entity1011 by 0.5 mg. per 100 ml. in these @entity1 (r=0.93; p less than or equal to 0.001). Evidence strongly suggests that the pathogenesis of this phenomenon is not a result of a laboratory artifact due to the technique used to determine serum @entity1011 . The pathogenesis may be due to the increased serum osmolarity and resulting intracellular @entity2700 associated with @entity4854 . Recognition of this syndrome is important to all centers participating in the care and management of the @entity6 transplant recipient.

title: Hyperglycemic pseudorejection in the @entity6 transplant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The effects of intravenous @entity859 and intravenous @entity1855 on paroxysmal junctional @entity591 were compared in 20 @entity1 undergoing invasive cardiac electrophysiologic study. In 13 @entity1 the diagnosis was of a reentrant @entity591 using an extranodal accessory connection ( @entity713 [ @entity713 ] reentrant @entity591 ); 5 of these @entity1 had overt preexcitation in sinus rhythm, 4 had concealed accessory connections and 4 had latent or intermittent preexcitation. In 7 @entity1 the diagnosis was of an @entity713 nodal reentrant @entity591 . Administration of @entity859 resulted in termination of @entity591 in all 20 @entity1 at a mean dose of 0.125 mg/kg (range 0.05 to 0.20). Although termination of @entity591 was frequently accompanied by @entity1540 , no significant @entity943 were observed after conversion. Administration of @entity1855 (0.145 mg/kg) resulted in termination of @entity591 in 19 of 20 @entity1 but was followed by symptomatic @entity943 in 2: preexcited @entity956 in 1 @entity1 and preexcited @entity591 in another. Latent or intermittent preexcitation was unmasked in 4 of 4 @entity1 immediately after termination of @entity591 by @entity859 . Termination of @entity591 by @entity1855 revealed preexcitation in only 1 of these 4 @entity1 . Analysis of results in terms of successful termination of @entity591 , absence of significant @entity943 after conversion and unmasking of latent or intermittent preexcitation reveals that @entity859 therapy was satisfactory in all 20 @entity1 , whereas @entity1855 was satisfactory in only 14 of the 20 @entity1 (p less than 0.05). All 6 of the @entity1 with unsatisfactory responses to @entity1855 had @entity713 reentrant @entity591 . These results suggest that @entity859 has particular advantages over @entity1855 as acute treatment for @entity1 presenting with an @entity713 reentrant @entity591 .

title: Comparison of @entity859 and XXXX for termination of paroxysmal junctional @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular', 'AV']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular premature complexes']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After an incomplete @entity1566 (iSCI) or @entity64 , the impairment of both muscle strength and accurate muscle coordination (timing and amplitude) is an expected clinical finding, although these aspects are not well-distinguished by clinical tests. The objective was to determine whether iSCI @entity1 with impaired corticospinal tract function (reduced strength and prolonged transcranial magnetic stimulation latencies) experience a similar deterioration in muscle coordination as @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: We assessed ankle dorsal and plantar flexion strength, as well as the ability to accurately control the activation of these muscle groups, using a visuomotor torque tracking task. The task was adjusted to the level of @entity425 , which enabled a distinction between impairment in strength and coordination to be made. RESULTS: Reference strength and visuomotor task performance values were obtained in 47 healthy subjects. In 27 iSCI @entity1 with significant @entity425 (ankle dorsal flexion 65% of healthy values, plantar flexion 76%), task performance improved at a similar rate and the final performance level equaled that of healthy subjects. However, in 10 @entity64 subjects the tracking task performance was significantly impaired in both legs, while strength was mainly reduced in the affected leg. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that strength is predominantly affected in incomplete @entity1566 (iSCI) @entity1 , while accurate muscle activation remains largely unaffected. In @entity64 @entity1 , muscle coordination deteriorates in both legs, independent of @entity425 . Therefore, iSCI @entity1 might benefit more from rehabilitation interventions that improve muscle strength than @entity64 @entity1 , where supraspinal areas involved in motor control are additionally affected.

title: Ankle motor skill is intact in XXXX , unlike @entity64 : implications for rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: AIM: The objective of this work was to illustrate the suitability of @entity6638 ( @entity569 ) as a drug delivery carrier, by developing a new clay-drug composite of @entity5616 (RT) intercalated in @entity569 . METHODS: The @entity569 -RT composite was prepared by ion-exchange process. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra were employed to confirm the intercalation of RT in the @entity569 interlayers. The prepared @entity569 -RT hybrid was coated with cationic polymer @entity26463 by oil-in-water solvent evaporation method. The release processes of RT from @entity569 -RT and @entity569 -RT/ @entity26463 were monitored under in vitro condition in the gastric fluid. RESULTS: X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis indicated the intercalation of RT molecules within the clay lattice. The in vitro release studies showed that @entity569 -RT released RT in a controlled manner. In the case of @entity569 -RT/ @entity26463 , both the release rate and the release percentages noticeably increased in the presence of @entity26463 , because of its effective exchange with intercalated RT molecules. The release kinetics followed parabolic diffusion mechanism. CONCLUSION: @entity569 has great potential as a drug delivery carrier with various scenarios. The dosage of the @entity569 -RT/ @entity26463 can be in the tablet form. The hybrid material and polymer-coated hybrids are microparticles.

title: Controlled release formulation of XXXX -containing @entity6638 and @entity26463 .

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: The aim of this study was to report the incidence and management of ocular firecracker @entity130 and to assess the predictive value of an @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) in ocular firecracker @entity130 . The study includes consecutive case study and retrospective analysis of ocular firecracker @entity130 . Numerical values rendered to the @entity2194 variables (visual acuity, @entity397 , @entity3225 , perforating or penetrating @entity1713 , and afferent @entity2300 ) at presentation were summated and converted to @entity2194 categories. The likelihood of the final visual acuities in each category were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of @entity2194 were also determined. Forty-eight @entity1 (54 eyes) were enrolled in the study. Male @entity1 accounted for 85.4%. Of the total @entity1 , 62.5% were younger than 15 years. Bystanders accounted for 47.9%. The average follow up was 18.5  3.6 months. The most common clinical manifestation was ocular penetrating or perforating injury. Of the total number of @entity1 , 53.7% had best-corrected vision, at the time of their last follow up, ranging from 20/50-20/200. The @entity2194 has 100% sensitivity and specificity to predict nonlight perception, light perception/hand motion, and 1/200-19/200. The @entity2194 has 45% sensitivity and 100% specificity to predict vision of 20/200-20/50. The @entity2194 has 100% sensitivity and 65% specificity to predict vision of >= 20/40. The clinical manifestations of ocular firecracker @entity130 in Zhengzhou are more severe than in other countries, but similar to reports of other cities of comparable size to that in China. The @entity2194 has good predictive value for ocular firecracker @entity130 with 100% sensitivity and specificity to predict a final vision of nonlight perception, light perception/hand motion, and 1/200-19/200.

title: Prognostic value of an ocular XXXX score in ocular firecracker @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['OTS', 'Ocular Trauma Score']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['injury, retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The American @entity5 Society reports the incidence of @entity957 in males to be thrice the incidence in females. This @entity957 incidence has been attributed to @entity1 accumulating more sun exposure and using less sun protection than @entity1 . To date, there have been no controlled studies examining the effect of gender on @entity1489 development following equal doses of UVB. Gender differences in UVB-induced @entity105 were examined using the Skh-1 @entity19 model. After chronic exposure to equal doses of UVB, male @entity19 developed @entity5 earlier and had more @entity5 than female @entity19 ; @entity5 in male @entity19 tended to be larger, and the total @entity5 burden was greater than in females. In addition, @entity5 in males were of more advanced histologic grade compared with those of female @entity19 . To evaluate the contribution of differences in @entity32 and DNA damage to differences in @entity105 , male and female Skh-1 @entity19 were exposed once to 2,240 J/m(2) UVB and examined 48 h after exposure. Surprisingly, male @entity19 developed less of an inflammatory response, as determined by skin fold thickness and @entity10873 activity, compared with females. Interestingly, male @entity19 showed more cutaneous oxidative DNA damage than the females and lower antioxidant levels. These results show a gender bias in @entity105 and suggest that the gender difference in @entity5 development is more influenced by the extent of oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant capacities than by inflammatory response.

title: Gender differences in UVB-induced @entity105 , XXXX , and DNA damage.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['increased squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']