abstract: The aims of this study were to evaluate the serological response to treatment with staphylococcal vaccine in @entity239 / @entity5815 @entity1 and to explore the relationship between serological response and clinical effect. Twenty-eight @entity1 , half of whom served as controls, were recruited from a 6-month randomised trial in which repeated administration of the staphylococcal toxoid vaccine Staphypan Berna (Berna Biotech, Switzerland) was tested against placebo. Antibody status against extracellular toxins/enzymes, cell-wall components, and enterotoxins was evaluated at baseline and at endpoint. The clinical response to treatment was recorded in rating scales. In the group receiving active treatment, significant serological changes were recorded, whereas no significant changes were found in controls. Treatment led to a significantly increased capacity of serum to neutralise alpha-toxin and a significant increase in serum IgG to alpha-toxin and lipase. Furthermore, the increase in these parameters combined paralleled the improvement in clinical outcome. Thus, the greater the serological response, the greater was the clinical effect. In conclusion, this explorative study has shown that repeated administration of the Staphypan Berna vaccine in @entity1 with @entity239 / @entity5815 causes a serological response to several staphylococcal antigens, particularly to certain extracellular toxins and enzymes. The results further show that this response is related to the clinical outcome of treatment.

title: Immune modulation with a staphylococcal preparation in @entity239 / XXXX : relation between antibody levels and clinical improvement.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: The striatum receives massive cortical excitatory inputs and is densely innervated by @entity935 . Striatal projection neurons form either the direct or indirect pathways. Models of @entity191 propose that dopaminergic degeneration imbalances both pathways, although direct electrophysiological evidence is lacking. Here, striatal neurons were identified by electrophysiological criteria and @entity11480 labeling combined with either immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. Their spontaneous discharge activity and spike response to cortical stimulation were recorded in vivo in anesthetized @entity35 rendered @entity191 by @entity2955 . We showed that striatonigral neurons (direct pathway) were inhibited whereas striatopallidal neurons (indirect pathway) were activated by dopaminergic lesion. We also identified, with antidromic stimulations, corticostriatal neurons that preferentially innervate striatonigral or striatopallidal neurons and showed that dopaminergic depletion selectively decreased the spontaneous activity of the former. Therefore, @entity935 degeneration induces a cascade of imbalances that spread out of the basal ganglia and affect the whole basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits. Fast-spiking @entity1246 interneurons provide potent feedforward inhibition of striatal projection neurons. We showed here that these interneurons narrowed the time window of the responses of projection neurons to cortical stimulation. In the @entity935 -depleted striatum, because the intrinsic activity of these interneurons was not altered, their feedforward inhibition worsened the striatal imbalance. Indeed, the time window of the evoked responses was narrower for striatonigral neurons and wider for striatopallidal neurons. Therefore, after dopaminergic depletion, cortical inputs and @entity1246 interneurons might imbalance striatal projection neurons and represent two novel nondopaminergic mechanisms that might secondarily contribute to the pathophysiology of @entity191 .

title: Cortical inputs and @entity1246 interneurons imbalance projection neurons in the striatum of @entity191 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11480 :: ('MESH:C070614', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurobiotin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'hemi-parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risky @entity146 of adolescents in Mexico are a public health problem; 33.4  % of adolescent @entity1 and 14.7  % of @entity1 report not having used any protection at their first intercourse. The fertility rate is 77 births/1000 @entity1 aged 15-19  years. The infrequent contact of adolescents with health services and the limited extent of school sex and reproductive health education require the support of innovative strategies. The objective of this paper is to present the design of an internet-based educational strategy to prevent risky @entity146 in Mexican adolescents. METHODS: A field trial with intervention and comparison group and with ex-ante and ex-post measurements will be conducted in two public secondary schools. Adolescents between 14 and 15  years of age will participate. The intervention will be conducted in one school and the second school will serve as a comparison group where the investigators will observe the usual sex education provided by the school. The intervention will be delivered using an internet web page that includes four educational sessions provided during a 4  week period. Follow-up will last 3  months. Information on the study variables will be obtained through an Internet-based self-applied questionnaire and collected on three occasions: 1) when the adolescents enter the study (baseline), 2) once the intervention is completed (at 1  month) and 3) after 3  months of follow-up (at the fourth month). There will be three outcome variables: 1) knowledge in regard to @entity2953 , 2) attitudes regarding condom use, and 3) self-efficacy toward consistent condom use. The generalized linear model will be used to assess changes in each outcome variable controlling for baseline measures and for study covariates. DISCUSSION: The design and evaluation of an Internet-based educational strategy to prevent risky @entity146 in Mexican adolescents is important in order to provide a new, large-scale, easily implemented preventive tool. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02686736 .

title: Internet-based educational intervention to prevent risky XXXX in Mexican adolescents: study protocol.

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted infections']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['sexual behaviors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the adequacy of image agreement regarding @entity1596 based on color fundus and @entity941 angiography images alone, and to use free and open source applications to conduct an image agreement study. DESIGN: Cross-sectional agreement study. @entity1 : Baseline fundus and fluorescein images of @entity1 with @entity5863 , posterior, or intermediate @entity1596 enrolled in the Multi-center Uveitis Steroid Treatment (MUST) trial. METHODS: Three fellowship-trained specialists in @entity1596 independently reviewed @entity1 images using ClearCanvas    and responded using Epi Info   . The diagnoses of the 3 reviewers were compared with the MUST clinician as a gold standard. A rank transformation adjusted for the possible variation in number of responses per @entity1 . Chance-corrected interobserver agreement among the 3 reviewers was estimated with the    coefficient. Confidence interval (CI) and SE were bootstrapped. RESULTS: Agreement between the diagnoses of the respondents and the baseline MUST clinician's diagnosis was poor across all diagnostic categories,    = 0.09 (95% CI, 0.07-0.11). The agreement among respondents alone also was poor,    = 0.11    0.02 (95% CI, 0.08-0.13). The specialists requested more @entity1 historical and clinical information to make a diagnosis on all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The role in distinguishing the multiple conditions in @entity1596 appears to be limited when based on fundus imaging alone. Future studies should investigate different categories of clinical data to supplement image data. Freely available applications have excellent utility in ophthalmic imaging agreement studies.

title: Fundus image diagnostic agreement in XXXX utilizing free and open source software.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrathecal @entity1772 (ITB) often is used to treat severe @entity508 of cerebral origin. Although literature exists regarding the efficacy of ITB, there has been minimal investigation related to dosing in the adult-acquired @entity1545 population, particularly at long-term duration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate long-term dosing of ITB in adult @entity1 with @entity508 of cerebral origin due @entity131 ( @entity131 ), @entity64 , and @entity2806 ( @entity2806 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: An @entity4207 outpatient rehabilitation clinic. @entity1 : Forty-two adult @entity1 with @entity508 secondary to @entity131 , @entity64 , or @entity2806 treated with ITB for greater than 3 years. METHODS: Medical records and device manufacturer records of included @entity1 were reviewed to obtain demographic data, dosing information, dates of pump and catheter placements, and revisions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Average daily ITB doses and mean change in ITB dose over 1, 2, and 3 years. Goal of ITB treatment (active function versus comfort/care/positioning) also was compared. RESULTS: Of 42 total @entity1 , @entity508 was attributed to either @entity131 (n = 19), @entity64 (n = 11), or @entity2806 (n = 12). The mean (standard deviation) age was 35.21 (10.17), 56.7 (13.1), and 35.1 (12.4) years for the @entity131 , @entity64 , and @entity2806 groups, respectively (P < .001). There was a significant difference in the goal of therapy with "improving functional independence," accounting for 27.8%, 72.8%, and 0% in the @entity131 , @entity64 , and @entity2806 groups, respectively (P = .002). The mean duration of ITB therapy was 8.5 (5.0), 7.8 (3.4), and 9.1 (4.6) years in the @entity131 , @entity64 , and @entity2806 groups, respectively (P = .79). The mean daily ITB dose was 596.9 (322.8)  g/d, 513.2 (405.7)  g/d, and 705.2 (271.7)  g/d for the @entity131 , @entity64 , and @entity2806 groups, respectively (P = .39). In the subset of the cohort with ITB therapy for more than 5 years, the mean percent change in daily ITB dose between time of chart review and 1, 2, and 3 years previously was 7.3% (13.6), 12.7% (16), and 24.7% (50.3), respectively. A complex dosing pattern was used more frequently in those with @entity64 (36.4%) compared with the @entity131 and @entity2806 (9.7%) groups (P = .04). CONCLUSION: Despite the long-term use of ITB therapy in this cohort, the mean daily dose of ITB continued to require adjustments. There was no significant difference in the mean daily dose between @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity131 , @entity64 , or @entity2806 . A complex dosing pattern was used more frequently in @entity1 with @entity64 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: To be determined.

title: Long-Term Dosing of Intrathecal @entity1772 in the Treatment of Spasticity After Acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the impact of @entity73   year following @entity231 surgery in a cohort of older @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 aged 75   years or more with bilateral @entity231 and scheduled for @entity231 surgery were recruited consecutively. Cognition was assessed using the revised Addenbrooke's cognitive examination (ACE-R). @entity1 were divided into two groups: normal (ACE-R >= 88) and @entity73 (ACE-R <88). Visual quality of life (VQOL) and logarithm of minimum angle of resolution visual acuity (VA) were assessed at baseline and 1   year following @entity231 surgery. RESULTS: Of 112 @entity1 , 48 (43%) had normal cognition and 64 (57%) had @entity73 . One year following @entity231 surgery @entity1 in both groups had significant improvements in VQOL and VA. Visual outcomes at 1   year were significantly better in @entity1 with normal cognition than in those with @entity73 (95% CIs for difference 0.4-7.0 and 0.02-0.1, for VQOL and VA, respectively). Regression analyses correcting for potential confounders showed a relationship between baseline cognition and VA at 1   year (R(2)=0.30, p=0.001) and a possible relationship between baseline cognition and VQOL at 1   year (R(2)=0.41, p=0.01, this became insignificant after removal of outliers). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity73 benefit from @entity231 surgery, but not to the same extent as @entity1 with normal cognition.

title: Does @entity73 influence outcomes from XXXX surgery? Results from a 1-year follow-up cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognition on visual outcomes 1', 'impaired cognition']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignancy requiring differential diagnosis from other high-grade nonhematologic and hematologic tumors. The pathogenesis of LCS remains unknown. Notably, LCS and its benign counterpart, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), are frequently associated with other malignancies. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the first case of LCS in a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) @entity1 undergoing @entity2213 therapy. We performed molecular cytogenetic analyses for investigating the association between LCS and CML. In our case, molecular cytogenetic analysis did not reveal BCR-ABL1 fusion and @entity817 @entity8554 mutation, suggesting that LCS may be coincident in this @entity1 . However, recurrent @entity817 @entity8554 mutation has been found in LCH. Published reports have revealed the clonal relationship between LCH/LCS and other hematologic malignancies, especially lymphoid neoplasms. However, there are only 2 reports demonstrating the clonal relationship between LCH and myeloid neoplasms. The association of LCH/LCS with myeloid neoplasms and the role of @entity817 @entity8554 mutation in LCS are discussed.

title: Langerhans Cell Sarcoma in a Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia XXXX Undergoing @entity2213 Mesylate Therapy: A Case Study and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib mesylate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a popular treatment for @entity1790 . We took advantage of noncontrast abdominal computed tomography (NCCT) to search the possible prognostic factors including abdominal fat distribution influencing stone-free rate. METHODS: From August 2008 to August 2010, 145 @entity1 who had renal @entity1608 and had undergone ESWL were retrospectively reviewed. All of them received NCCT assessment before ESWL and were followed up after 1 month for stone clearance. These @entity1 were divided into two groups: one was the stone-free group and the other was the residual-stone group. Affecting parameters included stone size, location, stone surface area, Hounsfield unit density (HU density), skin-to-stone distance (SSD), and abdominal fat area as analyzed between these two groups. RESULTS: Of 145 @entity1 , 70 were stone-free and 75 had residual stone after ESWL treatment and 1-month follow-up. From univariate analysis, stone size, HU density, SSD, and stone surface area were significant predicting factors for ESWL success. On multivariate analysis, the important factors influencing ESWL outcomes were HU density and stone surface area (odds ratio 1.002 vs. 77.18, respectively; P<.05). Abdominal fat accumulation and distribution had no significant difference between these two groups. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that stone size, HU density, SSD, and stone surface area were associated with stone-free rate after ESWL treatment. Therefore, these factors could be used to assess the feasibility of ESWL before deciding the treatment strategy. Abdominal fat distribution had no significant impact on ESWL outcome for @entity1290 .

title: Noncontrast computed tomography factors that predict the XXXX outcome after shock wave lithotripsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['renal stone']


abstract: This study aimed to explore the association between @entity2252 @entity34065 gene @entity32862 polymorphisms and the cognitive function and clinical symptoms of @entity161 . METHODS: @entity2252 @entity34065 r @entity32862 genotype and allele frequency were measured using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods in 224 drug-free p @entity1 with s @entity161 and 220 controls. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and cognitive functioning was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). In the p @entity1 group, differences in severity of symptoms across the three genotypes (i.e., G/G, G/A and A/A) of G @entity34065 were assessed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: G/A genotype had higher frequencies than GG or AA genotype in both p @entity1 and controls. There was no significant difference in G/G, G/A, A/A genotype frequency between p @entity1 and controls (P > 0.05). The allele G had higher frequencies than allele A in both p @entity1 and controls. There was no significant difference in G or A allele frequency between p @entity1 and controls (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in A/A genotype frequency between positive group p @entity1 and negative group p @entity1 There was no significant difference in cognitive performance between p @entity1 with G/G, G/A and A/A genotype (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: B @entity2252 G @entity34065 gene r @entity32862 polymorphism is not associated with the cognitive function but with the clinical symptoms of s @entity161

title: Association of the XXXX gene @entity34065 r @entity32862 polymorphisms and the cognitive function and clinical symptoms of s @entity161

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNA  -132 ( @entity24341 ) has been shown to be dysregulated in certain types of @entity1 @entity5 and is associated with @entity5 progression. However, its function in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and whether it is differentially expressed in this disease, remain unclear. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of @entity24341 on @entity1149 and progression. Using reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction, @entity24341 expression was detected in @entity1149 cell lines and @entity5 tissues. The association between @entity24341 expression, and clinicopathological factors and prognosis was assessed using statistical analysis. An @entity98 assay,    ow cytometry, Transwell invasion assays and scratch migration assays were conducted in order to examine the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of @entity1149 cells that had been transfected with @entity24341 mimics or inhibitors. The results showed that @entity24341 expression levels were significantly downregulated in @entity1149 cells compared with that in corresponding non  -cancerous lung tissues  (P<0.001). In addition, reduced @entity24341 expression was significantly associated with lymph node @entity3  (P=0.003), an advanced @entity5  -node  - @entity3 stage  (P<0.001) and shorter overall survival  (P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that downregulation of @entity24341 was an independent predictor of prognosis. Furthermore, transfection of @entity24341 mimics into the @entity1149 cells reduced cell proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. These findings indicate that @entity24341 may be a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a potential target for molecular therapy in @entity1149 .

title: Decreased microRNA-132 and its function in XXXX @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'NSCLC tumorigenesis', 'non  -small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The very long ( @entity10389 ) poly-T variant at @entity45227 ("523") of the @entity18414 gene may hasten the onset of late-onset @entity195 (LOAD) and induce more profound @entity73 compared with the short (S) poly-T variant. We examined the influence of @entity18414 "523" polymorphism on spatial navigation and its brain structural correlates. @entity1 were @entity2204 ( @entity2204 )   3/  3 homozygotes with @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The homozygotes were chosen because @entity2204 /  3 variant is considered "neutral" with respect to LOAD risk. The @entity1 were stratified according to poly-T length polymorphisms at "523" into homozygous for S (S/S; n  = 16), homozygous for @entity10389 ( @entity10389 ; n  = 15) @entity18414 poly-T variant, and heterozygous (S/ @entity10389 ; n  = 28) groups. Neuropsychological examination and testing in real-space @entity1 analog of the Morris Water Maze were administered. Both self-centered (egocentric) and world-centered (allocentric) spatial navigation was assessed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were analyzed using FreeSurfer software. The S/S group, although similar to S/ @entity10389 and @entity10389 groups in demographic and neuropsychological profiles, performed better on allocentric navigation (p  <= 0.004) and allocentric delayed recall (p  <= 0.014), but not on egocentric navigation. Both S/ @entity10389 and @entity10389 groups had thinner right entorhinal cortex (p  <= 0.043) than the S/S group, whereas only the @entity10389 group had thinner left entorhinal cortex (p  = 0.043) and left posterior cingulate cortex (p  =  0.024) than the S/S group. In conclusion, @entity18414 "523" @entity10389 variants are related to impairment in allocentric spatial navigation and reduced cortical thickness of specific brain regions among @entity73 individuals with (LOAD neutral) @entity2204 /  3 genotype. This may reflect a specific role of @entity18414 "523" in the pathogenesis of LOAD.

title: The effect of @entity18414 on spatial navigation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2204 :: ('348', 'Gene') :: ['APOE   3', 'apolipoprotein E', 'APOE']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'amnestic mild cognitive impairment', 'aMCI']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: The @entity62147 and @entity62148 genes of @entity375 are structurally related dosage-dependent suppressors of metal @entity137 . @entity62147 confers increased tolerance to high levels of @entity1953 ; @entity62148 confers increased tolerance to high levels of @entity219 . The two genes are not linked and have been mapped; @entity62147 to chromosome XV and @entity62148 to chromosome XIII. Phenotypes related to metal homeostasis have been examined in strains with varied @entity62147 and @entity62148 gene doses. Overexpression of @entity62147 confers tolerance to moderately toxic levels of @entity219 and @entity62148 confers tolerance to moderately toxic levels of @entity1953 . Strains that carry null alleles at both loci are viable. The metal-hypersensitive phenotypes of mutations in either gene are largely unaffected by changes in dosage of the other. @entity62147 and @entity62148 function independently in conferring tolerance to their respective metals, yet the uptake of @entity1953 ions by @entity375 cells is dependent on the gene dosage of @entity62148 as well as of @entity62147 . Strains that overexpress @entity62148 have increased uptake of @entity1953 ions, while @entity62148 null mutants exhibit decreased @entity1953 uptake. The defects in @entity1953 uptake due to mutations at @entity62147 and @entity62148 are additive, suggesting that the two genes are responsible for the majority of @entity1953 and @entity219 uptake in @entity375 cells. The function of either gene product seems to be more important in metal homeostasis than is the @entity27639 gene product, which is also involved in metal metabolism. Mutations in the @entity27639 gene have no effect on the @entity1953 -related phenotypes of strains that have altered gene dosage of either @entity62147 or @entity62148 .

title: Interactions between gene products involved in divalent cation transport in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low birth weight, due to @entity1887 , results in programmed @entity79 in the first generation (F1). These deficits may be passed onto subsequent generations. We characterized the effects of being born small on maternal bone health during pregnancy; and aimed to characterize the contribution of the maternal environment and germ line effects to bone health in F2 offspring from mothers born small. Bilateral uterine vessel ligation (or sham) surgery was performed on female F0 WKY @entity35 on gestational day 18 (term 22days) to induce @entity1592 . Control and Restricted F1 female offspring were allocated to a non-pregnant or pregnant group. To generate F2 offspring, F1 females were allocated to either non-embryo or embryo transfer groups. Embryo transfer was performed on gestational day 1, where second generation (F2) embryos were gestated (donor-in-recipient) in either a Control (Control-in-Control, Restricted-in-Control) or Restricted (Control-in-Restricted, Restricted-in-Restricted) mother. Restricted F1 females were born 10-15% lighter than Controls. Restricted non-pregnant females had shorter femurs, reduced trabecular and cortical bone mineral contents, trabecular density and bone geometry measures determined by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) compared to non-pregnant Controls. Pregnancy restored the @entity79 that were present in F1 Restricted females. F2 non-embryo transfer male and female offspring were born of normal weight, while F2 embryo transfer males and females gestated in a Control mother (Control-in-Control, Restricted-in-Control) were heavier at birth compared to offspring gestated in a Restricted mother (Restricted-in-Restricted, Control-in-Restricted). Male F2 Restricted embryo groups (Restricted-in-Control and Restricted-in-Restricted) had accelerated postnatal growth. There was no transmission of @entity79 present at 35days or 6months in F2 offspring. Embryo transfer procedure had confounding effects preventing the separation of maternal environment and germ line contribution to outcomes. Deficits present in F1 non-pregnant Restricted females were absent during late gestation, indicating that pregnant F1 Restricted females experienced gains in bone. These beneficial maternal pregnancy adaptations may have prevented transmission of @entity79 to F2 offspring.

title: Pregnant growth restricted female XXXX have bone gains during late gestation which contributes to second generation adolescent and adult offspring having normal bone health.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deficits']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['uteroplacental insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['uteroplacental insufficiency and fetal growth restriction']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 37-year-old male has @entity1002 , which gradually evolved in the last two years, finally with a deviation of left eye (LE), down side and out, with gradually decrease of visual acuity (VA). These symptoms are accompanied with @entity10 and @entity146 manifestations with @entity146 , decreased attention, @entity148 , @entity22 , @entity308 mood. Brain Computed Tomography (CT) shows a @entity5 mass in air leakage sinus, bilateral frontal and bilateral ethmoidal, with left orbital invasion. This @entity5 mass lysis by pressure the supero-posterior wall of the left orbit, with the delimitation of a frontal epidural process with a capsule and @entity730 . Additionally, it has been shown there is a bilateral maxillary @entity1244 . The surgical intervention removed the infection focal spots rearranging the left eyeball, recovering the VA. The sinuses were drained. The @entity146 symptoms in the post operatory phase disappeared. Histopathological examination of the excised tissue revealed @entity1576 with mixed acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrate and @entity1544 . The lamina propria is @entity4 and contains large numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Histopathological diagnosis is acute and chronic @entity1244 . Conclusions: An untreated infection of the aerial sinuses can lead to a complication like @entity59696 . When signs such as ophthalmologic, @entity146 and intense @entity10 appear, it suggests the presence of the @entity59696 ( @entity59696 ). The clinical signs are reversible once the @entity5 has been removed.

title: Frontal epidural empyema ( XXXX ) associated with Mycoplasma and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['focal squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['sinus ciliated respiratory mucosa']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity59696 :: ('MESH:D059369', 'Disease') :: ["Pott's puffy tumor", 'PPT']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left exophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity59696 :: (MESH:D059369,Disease) :: ['Pott's puffy tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 2551 Background: ASCT is associated with high treatment related mortality (TRM): RIC for treatment of @entity1583 has decreased TRM. In ST the low number of pts reported in each single center series has not allowed so far to obtain this information. METHODS: In a prospective and multicenter trial we have investigated whether ASCT after RIC might represent a potential treatment for @entity1 suffering from ST with acceptable @entity137 and potent antitumoral effect. From 06/98 until 11/03 we treated 79 pts with ST ( @entity1358 : 33; Breast @entity9495 : 20; Ovarian Ca: 8; @entity320 : 5; @entity242 : 5; others: 8) (Age: 45 (17-61) and Male: 44%). All pts had measurable disease according to RECIST criteria (Progressive ( @entity1726 )/Stable ( @entity168 ) disease: 70%/30%). RIC included Fludarabin (30 mg/m(2)/d over 5 to 6 days), Bu (4mg/kg/d over 2 days) and ATG (Thymoglobuline: 2.5 mg/kg/d for 4 to 0 days)) followed with ASCT from a HLA identical sibling. RESULTS: All pts engrafted. Grade 2-4 aGVHD cumulative incidence (CI) was 31% (17-39) and cGVHD CI was 50% (38-62). 5 pts died from TRM (all related to GVHD) (6% (95% CI: 1-11%)) at 118 (68-252) days post transplant. All these 6 pts were 50 years or older (TRM: age <50: 0%; age >= 50: 20% (4-36; p=.005). 5 of these 6 pts had @entity1726 prior ASCT. 21 pts remain alive at a median follow-up of 272 (54-819) days for a 1 year survival probability of 32% (21-44). At time of abstract, 61 pts had a 1-year minimal follow-up and have been fully analyzed for response and outcome: 69 % had @entity1726 and 31% @entity168 at time of ASCT. 9 of the 19 @entity168 pts vs. 2 of the 42 @entity1726 pts achieved a PR or CR (objective response: OR) (OR CI: @entity168 : 47% (20-64); @entity1726 : 5% (0-12%); p=.0004). No difference between diagnoses was found. In this subpopulation 1 year-survival probability was 56% (35-76) for @entity168 and 17% (9-31) for @entity1726 (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: RIC ASCT is associated with a low TRM especially in younger @entity1 : This information is of importance for further developments. Secondly we confirm that pre-graft @entity5 kinetics is a major factor predictor for survival inviting cautious selection of pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Reduced intensity conditioning regimen (RIC) followed by allogeneic stem cell transplantation (ASCT): Low related transplant mortality and high survival probability in @entity1 with advanced solid XXXX in a multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is a newly emerging radiotherapy treatment method that, compared with conventionally fractionated radiation therapy (CFRT), allows an ablative dose of radiation to be delivered to a confined area around a @entity5 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of various cytokines that may be involved in ablative radiation-induced @entity651 in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: In the in vivo study, ablative-dose radiation was delivered to a small volume of the left lung of C3H/HeJCr @entity19 using a small-animal irradiator. The levels of 24 cytokines in the peripheral blood were tested at several time points after irradiation. For the in vitro study, three @entity19 cell types (type II pneumocytes, alveolar macrophages, and fibroblasts) known to play important roles in radiation-induced @entity55 and @entity82 were analyzed using a co-culture system. RESULTS: In the in vivo study, we found obvious patterns of serum cytokine changes depending on the volume of tissue irradiated (2-mm vs. 3.5-mm collimator). Only the levels of 3 cytokines increased with the 2-mm collimator at the acute phase (1-2  weeks after irradiation), while the majority of cytokines were elevated with the 3.5-mm collimator. In the in vitro co-culture system, after the cells were given an ablative dose of irradiation, the levels of five cytokines ( @entity2304 , @entity14541 , @entity777 , @entity8929 , and KC) increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: The cytokine levels in our radiation-induced @entity651 model showed specific changes, both in vivo and in vitro. These results imply that biological studies related to ablative-dose small-volume irradiation should be investigated using the corresponding experimental models rather than on those simulating large-volume CFRT.

title: An Experimental Model-Based Exploration of Cytokines in Ablative Radiation-Induced XXXX In Vivo and In Vitro.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['Lung Injury']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of @entity205 (CsA) in various ocular fluids and tissues in the @entity95 by two routes of administration. CsA was administered to two groups of two @entity95 either by intramuscular route at a dose of 25 mg/kg/day or by local route using eyedrops, at a dose of 10 mg/day (-2.8 mg/kg/day) for eight days. An extra animal was treated with a placebo solution in each group in order to obtain control values. Samples of blood and tears were collected throughout the 8-day treatment period. On day 9, the six animals were sacrificed and additional samples were collected from the vitreous body, the @entity7462 , the @entity267 . The concentrations of CsA were determined by RIA using the specific monoclonal antibody contained in the Sandimmun-kit. After administration by intramuscular route, high concentrations of @entity870 were detected in the blood. Within the eye, this compound was clearly detected in the tears, the @entity267 , and was suspected in the vitreous body and the @entity7462 . After administration by local route, using eyedrops, no CsA was detected in the blood, the vitreous body or the @entity7462 . However, despite doses ten times lower than those administered by the intramuscular route, this compound was clearly detected in the tears, the @entity735 . Moreover, similar concentrations were obtained in the untreated eye. These data reveal a real passage of CsA from the left treated eye to the right untreated eye.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ocular distribution of @entity205 (Sandimmun) following systemic and topical administration to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity267 :: ('MESH:D065306', 'Disease') :: ['cornea and the globe']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['cornea and the globe of the treated eye']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: INTRODUCTION. @entity2548 and grafts are two common permanent access methods for hemodialysis. Selection of an appropriate access, appropriate surgical techniques, and treatment of complications are basic principles of long-term maintenance of vascular access. We aimed to assess the survival of @entity2548 and grafts in our dialysis center. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 200 cases of vascular access placement in 155 @entity1 were reviewed. Data on the type of access and the duration of a functional access were collected for survival analysis. RESULTS. The median duration of dialysis was 70.6 months. Among different methods of vascular access, @entity2548 (57.0%) were the most frequently used vascular access. The longest mean survival period based on the anatomical location was seen in @entity1 with the @entity2548 of the wrist (100.2 months); however, there were no significant relationships between anatomical location and durability of vascular access. The mean survival of vascular access was 96.4 months in @entity1 and 104.9 months in @entity1 . The mean vascular access survival in @entity6 @entity1 was 78.8 months as compared with 101.6 months in nondiabetics. CONCLUSIONS. Antecubital @entity2548 were the most common forms of vascular access among our hemodialysis @entity1 ; however, @entity2548 of the wrist provided a better survival. Monitoring of the arteriovenous access and early diagnosis of its insufficiency can guarantee timely intervention and a better survival time.

title: Vascular access and survival in hemodialysis XXXX in Rasht, Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['Arteriovenous fistulas', 'arteriovenous fistulas', "elbows' wrinkle arteriovenous fistulas"]

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The question we attempted to address in this chapter is: Do brief but recurrent @entity410 in early life alter the ontogeny of hippocampal networks in ways that produce @entity302 circuits? Results from the @entity116 toxin model suggest that this is likely the case. Following @entity410 in Postnatal Weeks 2 and 3, most adult @entity35 have a @entity1625 that arises from hippocampus. Recordings from hippocampal slices support this conclusion since they demonstrated the occurrence of spontaneous network discharges in normal artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, when @entity1246 -A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission was suppressed, slices from adult @entity302 @entity35 produced prolonged electrographic @entity410 which are never observed in control @entity35 . This suggests that hyperexcitable recurrent excitatory networks contribute to hippocampal @entity410 in this model. In light of this, anatomical results from biocytin-filled neurons were surprising. Results suggest that recurrent axon arbors neither sprout additional branches as a result of @entity410 activity nor maintain their exuberant branching patterns of early life. Thus, excessive connectivity cannot explain @entity410 generation. Axon arbors either remodel in normal ways or prune additional collaterals as a result of ongoing @entity302 . At the same time that axon arbors remodel, the dendrites of these cells have decreased dendritic spine density, suggesting a partial deafferentation. While a complete understanding of the origins of spine loss requires further investigation, we hypothesize that this loss is a product of a partial deafferentation that occurs due to excessive and abnormal selection of synaptic connections. Network-induced heterosynaptic LTD of noncoincidentally active afferants may be one mechanism that leads to a loss of synapses. Moreover, competition among and selection between individual recurrent excitatory synapses may contribute to spine loss as well. The "winners" of this competition, the most potent and effective early-formed recurrent excitatory synapses, are likely key contributors to @entity410 generation in this model and possibly in @entity1 with early-onset @entity1315 .

title: Neuronal activity and the establishment of normal and XXXX circuits during brain development.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epileptiform discharging']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: Review of 8428 autopsies (1870 for known @entity5 ) showed that 68 @entity1 had had multiple primary @entity5 (MPMT). Those 68 cases represented 0.8 per cent of all autopsies done, 3.6 per cent of all @entity5 autopsies. Diagnosis of MPMT was made only at autopsy in 24 cases (35.3 per cent). Thirty-six @entity1 were male, 32 female. Their average age was 64 +/- 2.3 years. @entity5 were "synchronous" (diagnosed within a six-month period) in 15 @entity1 , "metachronous" (diagnosed at greater than six-month intervals) in 49, and "combined" in four. Metastatic foci were seen in 53 @entity1 . Fifty-nine @entity1 had two primary @entity5 (PMTs); seven had three PMTs; one had four PMTs; and one had five PMTs, for a total of 148 @entity5 . Over half (53.1 per cent) of the second PMTs occurred within five years of the first PMTs. First PMTs were most common in the hematopoietic system and the cervix; second PMTs were most common in the lungs and the hematopoietic system. Second PMTs were less well differentiated than index PMTs. Forty-four deaths had not been directly tumor-related. Nineteen @entity1 with metachronous MPMT lived more than ten years. Of 23 @entity1 with one pulmonary PMT, 22 died within two years. Concomitant findings of @entity1151 , @entity5990 (s), @entity1067 , and @entity5 were common in these @entity1 . It is hoped that accumulation of data from this and other series of MPMT will provide insight into the clinicopathologic characteristics, the causes, and the interrelationships of these lesions that constitute primarily a disease of the elderly.

title: Multiple primary XXXX (MPMT): study of 68 autopsy cases (1963-1980).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancers', 'benign tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid or prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery embolism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The transcallosal and the frontal transcortical approaches are the most widely used methods in surgery of third ventricle @entity2776 . However, these approaches require traction of the frontal lobe and dissection of the corpus callosum or corticotomy and involve some postoperative consequences. The rationale of the proposed method is to remove the colloid cyst by the infratentorial supracerebellar approach and the posterior wall of the third ventricle without dissection of any neural structures. METHODS: Five @entity1 with a colloid cyst of the third ventricle were operated on by the proposed method. The first @entity1 presented with several months' history of symptoms that included @entity428 and right-sided cerebellar signs, caused by a @entity3 of the right cerebellar hemisphere. The other four @entity1 had symptoms including intracranial @entity101 for an extended period of time without any other @entity51 . In all @entity1 , magnetic resonance imaging revealed a colloid cyst of the third ventricle without @entity1276 . TECHNIQUE: With the infratentorial supracerebellar approach, the arachnoid of the quadrigeminal cistern is dissected. The pineal body is separated and displaced from the internal vein medially, and the posterior velum interpositum is opened. Perforation of the inferior layer of the tela choroidea just above the suprapineal recess allows opening of the third ventricle cavity. A foraminal region is exposed after a slight lateral displacement of medial surfaces of the thalamus along the third ventricle roof. CONCLUSION: The proposed approach through the infratentorial supracerebellar space and the posterior wall of the third ventricle may be used for removal of @entity2776 , especially in @entity1 in whom the lateral ventricles are not enlarged.

title: Infratentorial supracerebellar approach to the XXXX of the third ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2776 :: ('MESH:D056364', 'Disease') :: ['colloid cysts']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity2776 :: (MESH:D056364,Disease) :: ['colloid cysts']


abstract: Nanoparticles can potentially cause adverse effects on organs, tissue, cell levels, and protein levels because of their physicochemical properties. @entity575 nanoparticles (AgNPs) are being used on a wide scale in world consumer markets; their potential hazards for @entity1 remain largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the intraperitoneal @entity137 of AgNPs (26 mg per kg of body weight, 52 mg per kg of body weight, and 78 mg per kg of body weight) over 72 hours in Swiss albino @entity19 . AgNPs induced a significant increase in serum @entity99 markers including alkaline phosphatase, @entity493 aminotransferase, and @entity492 aminotransferase. Induction of DNA damage was also studied in @entity19 injected with AgNPs. Apoptosis (detected by using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity14322 triphosphatase nick end labeling assay method) in liver tissue and DNA strand breaks (detected by using the comet assay method) in lymphocytes revealed that a concentration of 78 mg of AgNPs per kg body weight can cause significant apoptosis and DNA damage. The DNA damage and apoptosis raise the concern about the safety associated with application of the AgNPs. Significantly more alterations were induced in the hepatocytes of animals exposed to AgNP doses than in the control animals. The induced histological and apoptotic changes may be due to AgNP @entity137 . Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural of AgNP.

title: In vivo DNA damaging and apoptotic potential of XXXX nanoparticles in Swiss albino @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['silver']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Function of the @entity774 has been associated with several somatic and @entity146 health problems. The amount of free @entity701 excreted in the urine during 24h (24-h UFC) has often been used as a proxy for @entity774 function. Reference values for 24-h UFC and their stability in the short and long term, as well as sources of variability, are largely lacking. METHODS: This study was performed in a general population cohort. @entity1 collected 24-h UFC on two consecutive days (T1), and repeated this collection approximately 2 years later (T2). @entity701 in urine was measured using LC-MS/MS. Height and weight were measured at the research facilities; glomerular filtration rate was estimated using @entity1011 clearance. @entity458 (General Health Questionnaire), smoking, @entity167 use and exercise were measured by means of questionnaires. RESULTS: 24-h UFC stability on a day-to-day basis was 0.69 (T1, N=1192) and 0.72 (T2, N=963) (both p<0.001). Long-term stability as indicated by correlation between 2-day averages of T1 and T2 was 0.60 (N=972, p<0.001). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that 24-h UFC was predicted by urine volume (standardized beta 0.282 (T1, N=1556) and 0.276 (T2, N=1244); both p<0.001) and glomerular filtration rate (standardized beta 0.137 (T1) and 0.179 (T2); both p<0.001), while also sex explained a small part (standardized beta for female sex -0.057 (T1) and -0.080 (T2); both p<0.05). CONCLUSION: 24-h UFC is moderately stable both in the short and the long term. The effects of urine volume and glomerular filtration rate on 24-h UFC are much stronger than those of sex.

title: 24 h urinary free XXXX in large-scale epidemiological studies: short-term and long-term stability and sources of variability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Cortisol', 'cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis', 'HPA-axis']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['cortisol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Photoimmunotherapy (PIT) of @entity5 utilizes @entity5 -specific monoclonal antibodies conjugated to a photosensitizer @entity50351 dye IR700 which becomes cytotoxic upon irradiation with near infrared light. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of PIT on @entity1 @entity788 cells in vitro and in vivo in an orthotopic nude @entity19 model. The binding capacity of anti-CEA antibody to BxPC-3 @entity1 @entity788 cells was determined by FACS analysis. An in vitro @entity137 assay was used to determine cell death following treatment with PIT. For in vivo determination of PIT efficacy, @entity19 were orthotopically implanted with BxPC-3 @entity788 expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). After @entity5 engraftment, the @entity19 were divided into two groups: (1) treatment with anti-CEA-IR700 + 690 nm laser and (2) treatment with 690 nm laser only. Anti-CEA-IR700 (100  g) was administered to group (1) via tail vein injection 24 hours prior to therapy. @entity5 were then surgically exposed and treated with phototherapy at an intensity of 150 mW/cm2 for 30 minutes. Whole body imaging was done subsequently for 5 weeks using an OV-100 small animal imaging system. Anti-CEA-IR700 antibody bound to the BxPC3 cells to a high degree as shown by FACS analysis. Anti-CEA-IR700 caused extensive @entity5 cell killing after light activation compared to control cells in @entity137 assays. In the orthotopic models of @entity788 , the anti-CEA-IR700 group had significantly smaller @entity5 than the control after 5 weeks (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the body weights of @entity19 in the anti-CEA-IR700 and control groups indicating that PIT was well tolerated by the @entity19 .

title: Near Infra-Red Photoimmunotherapy with Anti-CEA-IR700 Results in Extensive Tumor Lysis and a Significant Decrease in Tumor Burden in Orthotopic XXXX Models of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity50351 :: ('MESH:C013647', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalocyanine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study tests the hypothesis that the peak external knee adduction moment during gait is increased in a group of ambulatory subjects with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) of varying radiographic severity who are being managed with medical therapy. Tibiofemoral knee @entity571 more commonly affects the medial compartment. The external knee adduction moment can be used to assess the load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee joint. Additionally, this study tests if changes in the knee angles, such as a reduced midstance knee flexion angle, or reduced sagittal plane moments previously identified by others as load reducing mechanisms are present in this @entity571 group. DESIGN: Thirty-one subjects with radiographic evidence of knee @entity571 and medial compartment cartilage damage were gait tested after a 2-week drug washout period. Thirty-one normal subjects (asymptomatic control subjects) with a comparable age, weight and height distribution were also tested. Significant differences in the sagittal plane knee motion and peak external moments between the normal and knee @entity571 groups were identified using t tests. RESULTS: Subjects with knee @entity571 walked with a greater than normal peak external knee adduction moment (P=0.003). The midstance knee flexion angle was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.625) nor were the peak flexion and extension moments (P> 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Load reducing mechanisms, such as a decreased midstance knee flexion angle, identified by others in subjects with endstage knee @entity571 or reduced external flexion or extension moments were not present in this group of subjects with knee @entity571 who were being managed by conservative treatment. The finding of a significantly greater than normal external knee adduction moment in the knee @entity571 group lends support to the hypothesis that an increased knee adduction moment during gait is associated with knee @entity571 .

title: Increased knee joint loads during walking are present in subjects with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose Inflammatory marker expression in @entity5 was evaluated for association with outcome, using two independent cohorts of @entity9910 @entity1 ' @entity5 tissues. Experimental Design Fifteen markers of interest were selected for analysis, and their expression in @entity320 tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. Proteins associating with either @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) or @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) in the retrospective discovery @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) (n = 158) were subsequently evaluated in an independent validation @entity3145 (n = 114). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between survival parameters and covariates, the Kaplan-Meier method to estimate the distribution of survival, and the log-rank test to compare distributions. Results Expression of @entity5933 on @entity320 cells was unique, and in the discovery @entity3145 it associated with favorable @entity1 outcome ( @entity1349 : HR, 0.53, P = 0.01 and @entity4557 : HR, 0.56; P = 0.01). The validation dataset confirmed the @entity5933 prognostic significance and revealed that the absence of @entity6785 and @entity15237 was also associated with poor survival parameters. Consistent with the protein observation, @entity5 @entity5933 mRNA expression also correlated positively (p = 0.003) with @entity1349 in the @entity320 TCGA data set. Conclusions Our data validate @entity5933 as a useful prognostic @entity5 cell protein marker associated with favorable @entity4557 and @entity1349 in @entity9910 . Low or negative expression of @entity6785 in both TMAs, and of @entity15237 in the validation set also provided useful prognostic data. A disease-specific investigation of @entity5933 's functional significance is warranted, and other markers appear intriguing to pursue.

title: Inflammatory Marker Testing Identifies XXXX Expression in @entity320 Cells, and its Expression Associates with Favorable Survival for @entity9910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III melanoma tumors']

entities_list: @entity9910 :: ('MESH:C563985', 'Disease') :: ['stage III melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5933 :: (972,Gene) :: ['CD74']


abstract: A total of 271 @entity1 with submandibular gland @entity5 , treated in 149 hospitals in Japan in the period from 1958 to 1991, were retrospectively studied with regard to age, sex, @entity2802 classification (UICC 1987, Geneva), histological diagnosis, therapeutic method and prognosis. The results were the following: 1. 157 males and 114 females 2. Stage I: 52 cases (19%); stage II: 64 cases (24%); stage III: 52 cases (19%) and stage IV: 103 cases (38%). 3. T1: 29 cases (11%); T2:116 cases (43%); T3: 93 cases (30%) and T4: 43 cases (16%). 4. Cervical lymph node involvement: 40%, ranging 25% in @entity2347 and @entity3981 , to 62% in @entity189 . 5. Distant @entity3 : 11% 6. HISTOLOGY: @entity2347 37%, @entity420 20%, @entity9990 16%, @entity189 in @entity5123 10%, @entity957 10%, @entity189 3%, @entity3981 3%. 7. Treatment method: Surgical procedure alone; 51%, Combination of surgery and postoperative radiation; 18%. 8. 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 36% and 11%, respectively. 9. 5-year and 10-year survival rates varied according to the stages, being 76% and 38%, respectively, for stage I, 68% and 20%, respectively, for stage II, 15% and 10%, respectively, for stage III, and 14% and 4%, respectively for stage IV.

title: [ XXXX classification system in @entity5 of the submandibular gland--a comprehensive retrospective study of 271 primary cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'undifferentiated carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9990 :: ('MESH:D018298', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity2802 :: (10178,Gene) :: ['TNM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Maternal immune activation (MIA) triggered by infections has been identified as a cause of @entity2438 in offspring. Considering the involvement of perturbations in innate immunity in @entity302 , we examined whether MIA represents a risk factor for @entity302 as well. The role of specific MIA components interleukin (IL)-6 and @entity635 was also addressed. METHODS: MIA was induced in C57BL/6 @entity19 by @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) injected during embryonic days 12 to 16. Beginning from postnatal day 40, the propensity of the offspring to @entity302 was examined using hippocampal kindling; @entity146 was studied using the sociability test. The involvement of @entity777 and @entity635 in @entity7245 -induced effects was studied by the coadministration of the cytokine antibodies with @entity7245 , and by delivering recombinant cytokines in lieu of @entity7245 . RESULTS: The offspring of @entity7245 -exposed @entity19 exhibited increased hippocampal excitability, accelerated kindling rate, prolonged increase of @entity410 susceptibility after kindling, and diminished sociability. @entity302 were abolished by antibodies to @entity777 or @entity635 . Neither of the recombinant cytokines alone increased the propensity to @entity410 ; however, when combined, they produced effects similar to those induced by @entity7245 . @entity7245 -induced @entity146 were abolished by @entity777 antibodies and were mimicked by recombinant @entity777 ; @entity635 was not involved. INTERPRETATION: In addition to confirming the previously established critical role of @entity777 in the development of @entity146 following MIA, the present study shows that concurrent involvement of @entity777 and @entity635 is required for priming the offspring for @entity302 . These data shed light on mechanisms of comorbidity between @entity2438 and @entity302 .

title: Maternal immune activation promotes hippocampal kindling epileptogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['PIC', 'polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral deficits', 'autismlike behavior']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epileptic impairments']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subthreshold laser therapy has been shown to cause @entity10983 . Using this method, visible laser burns are not created in the retina; presumably, the energy is absorbed by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and stimulates reabsorption of drusen material, sparing photoreceptors from destruction. We hypothesized that autofluorescence (AF) changes would be visible after such treatment and might be sensitive to quantify RPE changes. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 13 @entity1 with non-exudative age-related @entity1020 were studied. Forty-eight subthreshold infrared diode laser spots were applied as treatment to cause drusen regression. Before, immediately after, and 3 months after treatment, color fundus photography, @entity941 angiography (FA), and autofluorescence (AF) imaging were performed. @entity75 were identified on overlay images of all three imaging methods. RESULTS: : The averaged sensitivity of AF imaging compared with FA was 29.6+/-28.7% versus 10.2+/-12.2% (P=0.008) at the immediate posttreatment time point and 43.5+/-28.7% versus 33.8+/-26.5% (P=0.043) at the 3-month posttreatment time point, respectively. Reduction of drusen at 3 months correlated with the detection sensitivity of AF imaging at the immediate posttreatment time point (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: Immediately after subthreshold laser treatment, AF imaging was more sensitive to detect RPE changes than FA. This suggests that noninvasive AF imaging may allow prediction of the effect of subthreshold laser treatment and might be used to titrate treatment dose.

title: Effect of subthreshold infrared laser treatment for drusen regression on macular autofluorescence in XXXX with age-related @entity1020 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Treated lesions']

entities_list: @entity10983 :: ('MESH:D015593', 'Disease') :: ['drusen reduction']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: An important problem in microbial ecology is to identify those phenotypic attributes that are responsible for competitive fitness in a particular environment. Thousands of papers have been published on the physiology, biochemistry, and molecular genetics of @entity526 and other bacterial models. Nonetheless, little is known about what makes one genotype a better competitor than another even in such well studied systems. Here, we review experiments to identify the phenotypic bases of improved competitive fitness in twelve @entity526 populations that evolved for thousands of generations in a defined environment, in which @entity413 was the limiting substrate. After 10,000 generations, the average fitness of the derived genotypes had increased by approximately 50% relative to the ancestor, based on competition experiments using marked strains in the same environment. The growth kinetics of the ancestral and derived genotypes showed that the latter have a shorter lag phase upon transfer into fresh medium and a higher maximum growth rate. Competition experiments were also performed in environments where other substrates were substituted for @entity413 . The derived genotypes are generally more fit in competition for those substrates that use the same mechanism of transport as @entity413 , which suggests that enhanced transport was an important target of natural selection in the evolutionary environment. All of the derived genotypes produce much larger cells than does the ancestor, even when both types are forced to grow at the same rate. Some but not all, of the derived genotypes also have greatly elevated mutation rates. Efforts are now underway to identify the genetic changes that underlie those phenotypic changes, especially substrate specificity and elevated mutation rate for which there are good candidate loci. Identification and subsequent manipulation of these genes may provide new insights into the reproducibility of adaptive evolution, the importance of co-adapted gene complexes, and the extent to which distinct phenotypes (e.g., substrate specificity and cell size) are affected by the same mutations.

title: Evolution of competitive fitness in experimental populations of XXXX : what makes one genotype a better competitor than another?

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: The impact of rearing condition was assessed in Sprague-Dawley dams given 40 mg/kg @entity2072 ( @entity23704 ) or saline (LC control) subcutaneously (SC) from gestational days 8-20 and their offspring. Treated pups reared by their biological dams (LC/LC; @entity23704 / @entity23704 ), treated pups reared by surrogate dams ( @entity1639 /LC; @entity1639 / @entity23704 ), and foster pups raised by treated dams (LC/ @entity1639 ; @entity23704 / @entity1639 ) were examined. On postnatal day 7 (P7), pups received either 0 (unpaired) 2, 3, or 4 pairings of an odor and footshock and were tested for their aversion to this odor. Foster and LC pups, regardless of rearing condition, exhibited significant odor aversions following either 2, 3, or 4 training trials. In contrast, @entity23704 pups reared by surrogate dams required 4 trials to acquire the aversion, and @entity23704 pups reared by their own dams did not exhibit conditioning even after 4 trials. At @entity14848 , no differences were seen among the groups in the aversion formed to an auditory or an olfactory stimulus that was paired with footshock. At @entity27761 , shock-elicited @entity146 among pairs of siblings was examined. Regardless of prenatal exposure condition, offspring reared by dams given @entity2072 showed a decreased latency to the first aggressive contact, an effect that was evident without any alteration in shock sensitivity. Together these data suggest that being reared by a dam previously exposed to @entity2072 has an impact on offspring behavioral function apart from the effects of prenatal @entity2072 exposure per se. The implications of the data regarding the cognitive performance of pups exposed prenatally to @entity2072 are also discussed.

title: A fostering study of the effects of prenatal XXXX exposure: II. Offspring behavioral measures.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: We have performed thoracoscopic resection of @entity808 without intraspinal extension in two asymptomatic cases confirmed by chest roentgenogram and computed tomography: the case 1 with the @entity5 as large as 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.5 cm found in the paravertebral fifth Intercostal space, the case 2 with the @entity5 as large as 3.2 x 2.5 x 1.8 cm found on the first rib in contact with the supreme intercostal vein. In the operation of case 1, the dilated fifth intercostal vein in contact with the @entity5 which could not be controlled by Endo- @entity23396 was doubly ligated by the use of Knot-Pusher. The @entity5 was successfully dissected from the chest wall and proved to arise from the fifth intercostal nerve. The @entity5 was brought into Endo-Pouch and extracted through one of the skin incisions which was minimally enlarged to accommodate the pouched lesion. In the operation of case 2, curved forceps facilitated the procedure because the @entity5 located near the apex of thorax. The @entity5 was found to originate from sympathetic nerve and removed through the minimally enlarged incision as case 1. We conclude as the following. The @entity5 found in the mediastinum or the chest wall is amenable to thoracoscopic treatment. In thoracoscopic procedure, as the operation under thoracotomy, we must acquire skills of standard operative technique, i.e., suture or ligation, because those skills are necessary when Endo- @entity23396 or Endo-GIA cannot be used. The skin incision should be minimally enlarged finally when the specimen is extracted to minimize operative intervention.

title: [Thoracoscopic resection of XXXX : a report of two cases].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 (EPTB) and most pediatric @entity1906 cannot be diagnosed using sputum-based assays. The epidemiological impact of different strategies to diagnose EPTB and pediatric @entity1906 is unclear. METHODS: We developed a @entity3082 model of @entity1906 in a hypothetical population with epidemiological characteristics similar to India. We evaluated the impact of four alternative diagnostic test platforms on adult EPTB and pediatric @entity1906 mortality over 10  years: (1) Nucleic acid amplification test optimized for diagnosis of EPTB ("NAAT-EPTB"); (2) NAAT optimized for pediatric @entity1906 ("NAAT-Peds"); (3) more deployable NAAT for sputum-based diagnosis of adult @entity358 ("point-of-care (POC) sputum NAAT"); and (4) more deployable NAAT capable of diagnosing all forms of @entity1906 using non-invasive, non-sputum specimens ("POC non-sputum NAAT"). RESULTS: NAAT-EPTB lowered adult EPTB mortality by a projected 7.6% (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 6.5-8.8%). NAAT-Peds lowered pediatric @entity1906 mortality by 6.8% (UR: 4.9-8.4%). POC sputum NAAT, though only able to diagnose @entity358 , reduced projected pediatric @entity1906 deaths by 13.3% (UR: 4.6-15.7%) and adult EPTB deaths by 8.4% (UR 2.0-9.3%) simply by averting transmission of disease. POC non-sputum NAAT had the greatest effect, lowering pediatric @entity1906 mortality by 34.7% (UR: 26.8-38.7), and adult EPTB mortality by 38.5% (UR: 30.7-41.2). The relative impact of a POC sputum NAAT (i.e., enhanced deployability) versus NAAT-EPTB (i.e., enhanced ability to specifically diagnose @entity1906 ) on adult EPTB mortality depends most strongly on factors that influence transmission, with settings of higher transmission (e.g., higher per- @entity1 transmission rate, lower diagnostic rate) favoring POC sputum NAAT. CONCLUSION: Although novel tests for pediatric @entity1906 and EPTB are likely to reduce @entity1906 mortality, major reductions in pediatric and EPTB incidence and mortality also require better diagnostic tests for adult @entity358 that reach a larger population.

title: Modeling the impact of novel diagnostic tests on pediatric and extrapulmonary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic epidemic']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Extrapulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of inhibin in elevated base levels of FSH and @entity1373 in ovarian autotransplantation in @entity35 . DESIGN: Experimental animal study. SETTING: Unit of Experimental Research at the Barcelona University School of Medicine. ANIMAL(S): Female syngeneic Lewis @entity35 aged 16 weeks. INTERVENTION(S): The animals were randomized into two groups: group A, control group undergoing only laparotomy (n = 5) and group B, oophorectomized with SC autologous heterotopic transplant (n = 5). The animals were killed and their ovaries removed for histologic, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analysis at 28 days after surgery in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Serum levels of E2 and FSH were determined on day 0 (the day of surgery or baseline) and days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Morphometric analysis of ovarian structure for evaluation of antral follicles and their granulosa cell area and immunohistochemistry for inhibin staining were also done. RESULT(S): The endocrinological function recovered at 28 days, and the FSH levels for the transplant group were significantly higher than for the group with normoinsert ovary. Morphometric analysis showed that the mean granulosa cell area was greater in group B when compared with the control group. Immunohistochemistry revealed almost null inhibin staining of the stroma in transplanted ovarian tissue. CONCLUSION(S): Tissue damage brought on by @entity63 in the transplant of nonvascularized ovaries may bring about an inhibin deficit in the @entity43 , which might explain the increased levels of FSH. These increased levels, in turn, would be responsible for the @entity1373 seen in this tissue when it recovers its function.

title: Inhibin and follicular development in heterotopical ovary transplants without vascular pedicle in syngeneic Lewis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['follicular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2996 ( @entity2996 ) is widely used for education and research, but is increasingly being used to streamline clinical workflow. We present our experience with regard to satisfaction and time utilization using oil immersion @entity2996 for presentation of blood/marrow aspirate smears, core biopsies, and tissue sections in hematology/oncology @entity5 @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: Lymph nodes and bone marrow core biopsies were scanned at *20 magnification and blood/marrow smears at 83X under oil immersion and uploaded to an online library with areas of interest to be displayed annotated digitally via web browser. Pathologist time required to prepare slides for scanning was compared to that required to prepare for @entity3178 ( @entity3178 ). Time required to present cases during @entity34 was also compared. A 10-point evaluation survey was used to assess clinician satisfaction with each presentation method. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in hematopathologist preparation time between @entity2996 and @entity3178 . However, presentation time was significantly less for @entity2996 compared to @entity3178 as selection and annotation of slides was done prior to @entity34 with @entity2996 , enabling more efficient use of @entity34 presentation time. Survey results showed a significant increase in satisfaction by clinical attendees with regard to image quality, efficiency of presentation of pertinent findings, aid in clinical decision-making, and overall satisfaction regarding pathology presentation. A majority of respondents also noted @entity11535 with @entity2996 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2996 , particularly with the ability to use oil scanning, provides higher quality images compared to @entity3178 and significantly increases clinician satisfaction. @entity2996 streamlines preparation for @entity34 by permitting prior slide selection, resulting in greater efficiency during @entity34 presentation.

title: Web-based oil immersion whole slide imaging increases efficiency and clinical team satisfaction in hematopathology XXXX board.

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['MP', 'microscope projection']

entities_list: @entity2996 :: ('MESH:C564543', 'Disease') :: ['WSI', 'Whole slide imaging']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['decreased motion sickness']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TPC', 'board/treatment planning conferences']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: @entity2845 ( @entity2845 ) is a model of @entity1949 . It is obtained by unloading of the hindquarters during 14 days. In this situation, the feet are not in contact with the ground and as a consequence, the cutaneous receptors are not activated; the sensory input to the primary somatosensory cortex (SmI) is thus reduced. In a previous study, we have shown that @entity2845 induced a cortical reorganisation of the hindlimb representation. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in cortical map plasticity requires a close examination of the changes in response properties of cortical neurons during @entity2845 . The aim of the present study was thus to study the characteristics of neurons recorded from granular and infragranular layers in hindlimb representation of SmI. A total of 289 cortical neurons were recorded (158 from control @entity35 and 131 from @entity2845 @entity35 ) in @entity4485 -anaesthetized @entity35 . Cutaneous threshold, cutaneous receptive fields, spontaneous activity (discharge rate and instantaneous frequency) and activity evoked by air-jet stimulation (response latency and duration, amplitude) were analysed. The present study suggests that activity-dependent changes occur in the cortex. The duration of the spike waveform presented two populations of spikes: thin-spike cells (<1 ms, supposed to be inhibitory interneurons) and regular cells (>1 ms). Thin-spike cells were less frequently encountered in @entity2845 than in control @entity35 . The analysis of regular cells revealed that after @entity2845 (1) spontaneous activity was unchanged and (2) cortical somatosensory neurons were more responsive: the cutaneous threshold was reduced and the response magnitude increased. Taken together, these results suggest a down-regulation of GABAergic function.

title: A 14-day period of @entity1949 enhances the responsiveness of XXXX cortical neurons.

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'Hypodynamia-hypokinesia']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['hindpaw sensory deprivation']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We investigated whether postischemic @entity75 (30 degrees C) would permanently protect the hippocampus following global @entity63 . Global @entity63 was produced in anesthetized @entity35 by bilateral carotid artery occlusion plus @entity551 (50 mm Hg). In the postischemic hypothermic group, brain temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C during the 10-min ischemic insult but reduced to 30 degrees C starting 3 min into the recirculation period and maintained at 30 degrees C for 3 h. In normothermic animals, intra- and postischemic brain temperature was maintained at 37 degrees C. After recovery for 3 days, 7 days, or 2 months, the extent of @entity1249 hippocampal histologic injury was quantitated. At 3 days after @entity63 , @entity2332 significantly protected the hippocampal @entity1249 sector compared with normothermic animals. For example, within the medial, middle, and lateral @entity1249 subsectors, the numbers of normal neurons were increased 20-, 13-, and 9-fold by @entity2332 (p < 0.01). At 7 days after the ischemic insult, however, the degree of postischemic hypothermic protection was significantly reduced. In this case, the numbers of normal neurons were increased an average of only threefold compared with normothermia. Ultrastructural analysis of 7-day postischemic hypothermic @entity35 demonstrated @entity1249 pyramidal neurons showing variable degrees of injury surrounded by reactive astrocytes and microglial cells. At 2 months after the ischemic insult, no trend for protection was demonstrated. In contrast to @entity2332 , significant protection was seen at 2 months following intraischemic @entity2332 . These data indicate that intraischemic, but not postischemic, @entity75 provides chronic protection to the hippocampus after transient @entity2806 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intraischemic but not postischemic @entity75 protects chronically following global @entity63 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'postischemic hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: This study investigated the neural and cognitive correlates of reality distortion in @entity161 by using event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded in a recognition memory task for face. This task has been chosen because previous studies have shown that it provides distinct indices related to specific cognitive processes and to the functioning of specific brain regions. ERPs have been recorded in controls and @entity161 @entity1 separated into high scorers (RD+) and low-scorers (RD-) according to their Reality Distortion score ( @entity1833 and delusion SAPS subscales). The results indicate that RD+ presents @entity73 . First, RD+ are deficient at interference inhibition and knowledge integration (reduced P2a and N400 effect). The similar impairments found in RD- suggest that they represent basic traits of the illness. Second, RD+ showed inappropriate stimulus categorization and contextual integration (larger N300 and fronto-central effect). Third, RD+ showed a late index (P600 effect) not different from controls, but larger than in RD-. This result is consistent with a qualitative, rather than quantitative, @entity73 binding processes (inappropriate binding) in RD+. Since each of the ERP abnormalities observed represents associated with distinct @entity75 , the results are further discussed in regard of the respective contribution of the parietal, frontal and hippocampal structures to reality distortion symptoms.

title: The cognitive and anatomo-functional basis of reality distortion in XXXX : a view from memory event-related potentials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities on various cognitive processes', 'impairment of mnemonic']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucination']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: A minority of @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity189 achieve a complete response to @entity900 therapy. Recently, specific @entity2008 have been described for several solid @entity5 . Molecular and cytogenetic techniques were used to study @entity5 of @entity1 with midline @entity189 of unknown primary site. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity189 of unknown primary site had fresh @entity5 samples studied by cytogenetic analysis, Southern blot analysis for 12p copy number, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for the identification of i(12p) and chromosome 12 @entity2007 . The response to @entity900 therapy was correlated to the diagnosis provided by the genetic studies. RESULTS: In 17 (42%) @entity1 , a diagnosis was suggested by the genetic studies. This included a germ cell @entity5 in 12 (30%) @entity1 by the finding of i(12p), increased 12p copy number, or a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 12. In five @entity1 , a specific diagnosis other than germ cell @entity5 was suggested by @entity5 karyotype. These were @entity10476 , @entity706 , @entity2269 , @entity320 , and @entity14495 . The 75% response proportion to @entity900 therapy in @entity1 with @entity5 showing chromosome structural @entity2971 was greater than the 18% response proportion in @entity1 for whom no diagnosis was provided (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Molecular and cytogenetic studies are useful in establishing specific diagnoses in @entity1 with poorly differentiated @entity189 of unknown primary site. This group of @entity5 is heterogeneous and is composed of germ cell @entity5 , @entity320 , @entity706 , @entity10476 , and desmoplastic small-round-cell @entity5 in addition to some that are not yet classifiable. Response to @entity900 therapy correlates with the finding of i(12p) in @entity5 by either molecular or cytogenetic studies.

title: Molecular and cytogenetic studies in the diagnosis of XXXX with poorly differentiated @entity189 of unknown primary site.

entities_list: @entity10476 :: ('MESH:D018241', 'Disease') :: ['neuroepithelioma']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of germ cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic small-cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['clear-cell sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: [ @entity141 ]e may be important in bone turnover. We found [ @entity141 ]e induces COX-2 transcription and @entity1421 production in primary @entity9332 through an @entity13436 signaling pathway. Inhibition of @entity1421 production inhibited the [ @entity141 ]e stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation but not the increase in cell number. Hence, some effects of [ @entity141 ]e on bone may be mediated by COX-2. INTRODUCTION: Local changes in extracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]e) may play an important role in bone turnover. We examined the possibility that @entity2918 produced by cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) could mediate some of the effects of [ @entity141 ]e on osteoblasts. METHODS: We examined the [ @entity141 ]e induction of COX-2 expression and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production in primary osteoblasts (POBs) obtained by sequential enzymatic digestion of @entity19 calvariae. We measured mRNA and protein levels by Northern and Western analyses and @entity1421 production in culture medium by radioimmunoassay (RIA). COX-2 promoter activity was measured as luciferase activity in @entity9332 derived from @entity19 transgenic for 371 bp of the COX-2 promoter fused to a luciferase reporter gene. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 mRNA and protein expression were induced by 3-40 mM of [ @entity141 ]e. [ @entity141 ]e (5 mM) induced COX-2 mRNA within 30 minutes; levels peaked at 6-9 h and remained elevated at 24 h. Cumulative medium @entity1421 was increased at 3 h, with levels rising to 30 nM at 24 h. @entity1421 production in POBs from @entity19 with only @entity16538 gene expression was 1/40th of that in POBs from @entity19 with both @entity16538 and COX-2 gene expression. [ @entity141 ]e increased alkaline phosphatase activity and @entity2450 mRNA, and this increase was blocked by inhibiting @entity1421 production. [ @entity141 ]e stimulation of COX-2 promoter activity correlated with the induction of COX-2 mRNA expression. [ @entity141 ]e induced rapid and transient phosphorylation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) in POBs, which peaked at 5-10 minutes. Inhibition of @entity13436 phosphorylation with the specific inhibitors, @entity4286 and @entity5732 , decreased the [ @entity141 ]e induction of both COX-2 mRNA and luciferase activity by 70-80%. Although less effective than [ @entity141 ]e, @entity9756 [Sr2+]e also induced COX-2 mRNA and promoter activity in POBs through an @entity13436 signaling pathway. We conclude that [ @entity141 ]e is a potent transcriptional inducer of COX-2 expression and @entity1421 production in osteoblasts through an @entity13436 signaling pathway.

title: Extracellular @entity460 is a potent inducer of cyclo-oxygenase-2 in XXXX osteoblasts through an @entity13436 signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity9332 :: ('MESH:C537963', 'Disease') :: ['calvarial osteoblasts']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: CatR, a LysR family protein, positively regulates the @entity15250 catBC operon, which is required for growth on @entity10555 as a sole @entity505 source. Transcriptional studies show that the catR and catBC promoters are divergent and overlapping by 2 bp. A beta-galactosidase promoter probe vector was constructed to analyze expression from the catR and catBC promoters under induced and uninduced conditions. As predicted, the catBC promoter is expressed only under induced conditions, while the catR promoter is constitutive. CatR has been shown to specifically bind the catRBC promoter region, and this property was used to devise a purification protocol for CatR. Linear M13 DNA containing the catRBC control region was covalently bound to cyanogen @entity4001 -activated Sepharose in order to construct a DNA affinity column. Crude extracts containing hyperproduced CatR protein were then incubated with the affinity resin under binding conditions, and the CatR protein was eluted with 1 M @entity1219 . CatR was also purified by heparin-agarose chromatography. This highly purified protein was used for gel retardation and @entity3787 -radical footprinting studies. From this analysis, it was shown that CatR binds upstream of the catBC promoter within the transcribed region of catR.

title: Functional analysis of the @entity15250 regulatory protein CatR: transcriptional studies and determination of the CatR DNA-binding site by XXXX -radical footprinting.

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity4001 :: ('CHEBI:15858', 'Chemical') :: ['bromide']

answer: @entity3787 :: (MESH:D017665,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyl']


abstract: Evidence that the @entity1722 proto-oncogene is important in prognosis and oncogenesis in a number of @entity1 @entity5 is increasing. DNA (Southern) hybridization and immunoblotting (Western) techniques are most commonly utilized to determine the amplification and protein expression of this proto-oncogene, respectively. These extraction techniques are often time consuming, costly, and subject to variability depending on the histological characteristics of the @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry (IHC), on the other hand, is more often time and cost effective. In addition, IHC may offer enhanced sensitivity over extraction techniques because of the in situ nature of analysis. In data presented here, 71 cases of @entity1 @entity189 were concomitantly assessed for @entity1722 gene copy number and oncoprotein expression by dilution DNA hybridization and IHC, respectively. In 65 (92%) of 71 cases, high-level expression was associated with gene amplification, whereas moderate or low-level expression was associated with a normal diploid gene copy number. In five of the six discrepant cases, IHC predicted amplification which was not corroborated by Southern analysis. In these cases, @entity5 mass was limited by the intraductal component of the lesion or by an abundance of stromal elements within the specimen. In 39 of the 71 total cases, Western immunoblotting was compared with IHC in the assessment of oncoprotein expression. Concordance was found in 33 (85%) of 39 cases. In four of the six discrepant cases, high levels of @entity1722 expression were demonstrated by IHC but not by immunoblotting. In these cases, intraductal disease and @entity5 again led to a relative paucity of neoplastic tissue within the specimens. We conclude that IHC offers a favorable alternative to either Southern analysis or Western immunoblotting in the assessment of @entity1722 gene copy number and expression levels of oncoprotein in @entity1 @entity189 . Furthermore, IHC may prove advantageous to either extraction technique in specimens with limited @entity5 mass, such as biopsy materials, @entity5 , or early stage lesions such as @entity3821 .

title: XXXX expression in breast cancer detected by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stroma-rich tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

answer: @entity1722 :: (2064,Gene) :: ['c-erbB-2']