abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ) is highly expressed in many @entity1 @entity5 and regulates critical steps in mitotic progression. Previously, we have reported that @entity9370 was overexpressed in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. By using microRNA (miR) target prediction algorithms, we identified @entity26719 that might potentially bind the 3'-untranslated region of @entity9370 transcripts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of @entity26719 and its association with @entity9370 in @entity1149 development. METHODS: Taqman real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to detect @entity26719 expression 10 @entity1149 tissues and corresponding nontumor tissues. Additionally, the expression of @entity26719 in 110 @entity1149 tissues and its correlation with clinicopathological factors or prognosis of @entity1 was analyzed. Finally, the effects of @entity26719 expression on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle of @entity1149 cells by posttranscriptionally regulating @entity9370 expression were determined. RESULTS: @entity26719 was significantly downregulated in @entity1149 tissues, and low @entity26719 expression was found to be closely correlated with higher clinical stage, advanced @entity5 classification and lymph node @entity3 of @entity1 . The overall survival of @entity1149 @entity1 with low @entity26719 was significantly lower than that of those @entity1 with high @entity26719 , and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that low @entity26719 expression might be a poor prognostic factor. Also, @entity26719 mimics could lead to growth inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis enhancement in @entity1149 cells. Meanwhile, @entity26719 mimics could significantly inhibit @entity9370 mRNA and protein expression and reduce the luciferase activity of a @entity9370 3' untranslated region-based reporter construct in A549 cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated @entity9370 downregulation could mimic the effects of @entity26719 mimics while @entity9370 overexpression could partially rescue the phenotypical changes of @entity1149 cells induced by @entity26719 mimics. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that low @entity26719 may be a poor prognostic factor for @entity1149 @entity1 and functions as a @entity5 suppressor by posttranscriptionally regulating @entity9370 expression.

title: MicroRNA-100 is a potential molecular marker of @entity1149 and functions as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity9370 :: (5347,Gene) :: ['polo-like kinase 1']


abstract: Reactive astrogliosis is the universal response to any brain insult. It is characterized by cellular hypertrophy, up-regulation of the astrocyte marker @entity40 ( @entity40 ), and proliferation. The source of these proliferating cells is under intense debate. Progenitor cells derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ), cells positive for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan ( @entity26659 (+)), and de-differentiated astrocytes have been proposed as the origin of proliferating cells following injury. We have analyzed the effect of intraventricular-applied @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) on the proliferation and morphology of astrocytes in @entity35 cortex and striatum by means of immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy. At 4 days post-lesion, @entity40 expression increased markedly. A subpopulation of the @entity40 (+) cells co-expressed Ki-67, indicating that these cells were proliferating. To investigate whether these cells (1) arose from migrating SVZ progenitor cells, (2) derived from @entity26659 (+) progenitor cells, or (3) de-differentiated from resident astrocytes, we studied the expression of the migration marker doublecortin ( @entity15990 ), the oligodendrocyte progenitor marker @entity26659 , and the progenitor markers Nestin and @entity26660 . The proliferating Ki-67(+) cells co-expressed Nestin and @entity26660 , whereas no co-expression of Ki-67 with @entity26659 or the migration marker @entity15990 was observed. Thus, resident astrocytes de-differentiate, in response to the intraventricular application of @entity2955 , to a phenotype resembling radial glia cells, which represent transient astrocyte precursors during development. An understanding of the mechanisms of the de-differentiation of mature astrocytes might be useful for designing new approaches to cell therapy in @entity179 such as @entity191 .

title: Effect of @entity2955 ( XXXX ) on proliferation of glial cells in the @entity35 cortex and striatum: evidence for de-differentiation of resident astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12512 ( @entity12512 ) is considered a lifesaving procedure in @entity1 with @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ) after endovascular or open intervention for @entity1755 ( @entity1755 ). Standardized treatment methods and algorithms for its use are still lacking. The high, published mortality rates may reflect difficulties in detecting and treating @entity8479 , especially in @entity1 treated by @entity439 repair (eEVAR). Presented are standardized algorithms for @entity12512 , including a new technique using the vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) system developed during 10 years of experience with eEVAR for @entity1755 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 102 @entity1 with @entity1755 treated by eEVAR from January 1998 to April 2008. Abdominal decompression was done when intravesical pressure >20 mm Hg or when abdominal perfusion pressure was <50 to 60 mm Hg and concomitant organ deterioration occurred. @entity12512 was initially done with a subcutaneously sutured plastic bag or with a nonsutured zipper drape combined with a VAC device (VAC/ETHIZIP; KCI International Inc, Amstelveen, The Netherlands; Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). All @entity1 were switched to VAC/ETHIZIP as soon as possible. Dressings were generally changed every 3 to 5 days. Intra-abdominal pressure was monitored until stability was observed after delayed direct abdominal closure. RESULTS: Overall 30-day mortality for eEVAR was 13% (13 of 102); 8% (7 of 82) for @entity1 without @entity8479 and 30% (6 of 20) for those with @entity8479 . Decompression for @entity8479 was needed in 20 @entity1 (20%) primarily during the intervention (n = 14) or secondarily in the intensive care unit (n = 6). Six of 20 (30%) @entity1 requiring @entity12512 died <or=30 days (4 primary, 2 secondary). A mean of 3.6 (range, 1-12) planned second-look interventions were done per @entity1 at an interval of 3 to 5 days. No bowel lesions were observed. Four patients required antibiotic therapy for @entity1320 , and all @entity281 resolved. Delayed abdominal wall closure (direct closure, 11; closure with @entity7502 mesh, 3; bilateral anterior rectus abdominis sheath turnover @entity18675 ) was achieved after a median of 6 days (range, 1-47 days). CONCLUSION: The use of standardized novel techniques and a treatment protocol and algorithm for @entity12512 after eEVAR for @entity1755 were feasible and safe. It decreased the workload of the medical and nursing staff, enhanced @entity1 comfort because the need for dressing changes was minimized, and likely contributed to lower overall mortality in @entity1755 @entity1 . Delayed @entity4438 was possible in most @entity1 .

title: XXXX following endovascular repair of @entity1755 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['direct fascial closure']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['RAAA', 'ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['emergency endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity12512 :: ('MESH:D000006', 'Disease') :: ['Open abdomen treatment', 'OAT']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection']

answer: @entity12512 :: (MESH:D000006,Disease) :: ['Open abdomen treatment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, diagnosis, revascularization of @entity63 and the complications. METHODS: From March 2003 to February 2008, 72 cases of @entity63 were treated. There were 44 males and 28 females, aged 19-90 years old (median 63 years old). The duration of the disease was 1 hour to 2 years. All cases had symptoms of @entity63 such as paleness, @entity5032 , @entity912 . According to individual condition, 72 @entity1 accepted revascularizations including thromboembolectomy, reconstruction after traumatic injuries, @entity2849 excision and angioplasty, @entity384 and stent implant, arterial repair, patch, vascular prosthesis or vein bypass/transplantation, and ligation or @entity1498 of @entity292 . RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 (83.3%) recovered well after operation. Re-occlusion following thromboembolectomy was found in 6 @entity1 (8.3%). And there were 4 @entity1 (5.6%) with limbs disturbance and muscles contracture and 2 @entity1 (2.8%) with @entity2054 in this series. The affected limb had to be amputated in 2 @entity1 (2.8%). And 1 @entity1 (1.4%) died of @entity1779 because of anticoagulation 3 days after operation. All @entity1 were followed up 1-6 years (mean 52 months) after operation. Four @entity1 recurred and got improved after retreatments. The others got a good result with normal skin color and temperature, restoration of the radial and ulnar pulses, normal saturation of blood @entity26 of finger tip (> 90%) and patent blood flow of affected arteries was shown by color Doppler ultrasound. CONCLUSION: The study indicates that identifying the biology of @entity63 before operation and active revascularizations consistent with different causes are the key to treat the @entity63 .

title: [Clinical management of revascularization in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb ischemia', 'limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['upper limb ischemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the causal association and effect of intravenous iodinated contrast material exposure on the incidence of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), also known as @entity8 ( @entity8 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by an institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Informed consent was waived. All contrast material-enhanced (contrast group) and unenhanced (noncontrast group) abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic CT scans from 2000 to 2010 were identified at a single facility. Scan recipients were sorted into low- (<1.5 mg/dL), medium- (1.5-2.0 mg/dL), and high-risk (>2.0 mg/dL) subgroups of presumed risk for @entity8 by using baseline serum @entity1011 (SCr) level. The incidence of @entity810 (SCr >=  0.5 mg/dL above baseline) was compared between contrast and noncontrast groups after propensity score adjustment by stratification, 1:1 matching, inverse weighting, and weighting by the odds methods to reduce intergroup selection bias. Counterfactual analysis was used to evaluate the causal relation between contrast material exposure and @entity810 by evaluating @entity1 who underwent contrast-enhanced and unenhanced CT scans during the study period with the McNemar test. RESULTS: A total of 157,140 scans among 53,439 unique @entity1 associated with 1,510,001 SCr values were identified. @entity810 risk was not significantly different between contrast and noncontrast groups in any risk subgroup after propensity score adjustment by using reported risk factors of @entity8 (low risk: odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 1.13; P = .47; medium risk: odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.16; P = .76; high risk: OR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.24; P = .58). Counterfactual analysis revealed no significant difference in @entity810 incidence between enhanced and unenhanced CT scans in the same @entity1 (McNemar test:   (2) = 0.63, P = .43) (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.13; P = .46). CONCLUSION: Following adjustment for presumed risk factors, the incidence of @entity8 was not significantly different from contrast material-independent @entity810 . These two phenomena were clinically indistinguishable with established SCr-defined criteria, suggesting that intravenous iodinated contrast media may not be the causative agent in diminished renal function after contrast material administration. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12121823/-/DC1.

title: Intravenous XXXX : causal or coincident phenomenon?

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast material-induced nephropathy', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['contrast material-induced nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intratympanic @entity619 or @entity1667 on treatment of sudden @entity1274 . METHOD: Forty-seven subjects received an at least 7-day @entity619 (5 g/L/d) or @entity1667 (40 g/L/d) course. Pure-tone averages ( @entity865 ) of pre-injection and post-injection at 4-frequency (500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000 Hz) were compared. More than 10 dB HL of improvement in @entity865 was considered to be clinically significant. RESULT: @entity865 of pre-injection and post-injection were (71.59 +/- 27.66) dB HL and (53.44 +/- 30.10) dB HL respectively in 24 @entity1 with intratympanic @entity619 . There was significant improvement in @entity865 (P<0.01), 1.67% of @entity1 showed improvement in hearing. @entity865 of preinjection and post-injection were (68.64 +/- 25.21) dB HL and (55.76 +/- 26.42) dB HL respectively in 23 @entity1 with intratympanic @entity1667 . There was significant improvement in @entity865 (P<0.01), 43% of @entity1 showed improvement in hearing. There was no significant difference in @entity865 between intratympanic @entity619 and @entity1667 . After @entity619 injection, evident improvement was accomplished in 11 cases who underwent treatment with other therapy (systemic @entity230 , vasodilator agent, or high-pressure- @entity26 therapy) (P<0.05); @entity865 showed significant improvement in 13 cases with only intratympanic @entity619 (P< 0.05). After @entity1667 injection, evident improvement was accomplished in 17 cases who underwent treatment with other therapy (P<0.01); @entity865 decreased but had no significance in 6 cases with only intratympanic @entity5498 -prednisolone(P>0.05). No unexpected adverse events such as @entity2346 media, @entity11818 and worsening in hearing occurred during the injection or follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Intratympanic @entity619 or @entity1667 can be beneficial in treatment on @entity1 with sudden @entity1274 , however, there was no significant difference in the effect between @entity619 and @entity1667 . @entity619 is recommended to use as favorable drug for intratympanic application that could be primary therapy in treatment on sudden @entity1274 .

title: [The effect of intratympanic @entity619 or @entity1667 on treatment of sudden XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity11818 :: ('MESH:D018058', 'Disease') :: ['perforated tympanic membrane']

answer: @entity1274 :: (MESH:D006319,Disease) :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']


abstract: A @entity19 model of @entity5 was used to study a new form of @entity1313 immunotherapy with intralesional Corynebacterium parvum ( @entity2432 ). Assessment of treatment protocols has been limited by the inability to assess, noninvasively, @entity5 burden and/or the inflammatory reaction induced in the @entity19 brain by treatment with @entity2432 . This study demonstrates that contrast-enhanced MR imaging can monitor in vivo @entity5 burden and the immune response to intracerebral @entity2432 . KHT @entity19 @entity242 was stereotaxically implanted into the right frontal lobe of C3H/HeN @entity19 at doses of 10,000 and 50,000 @entity5 cells. The @entity242 is 100% fatal in untreated @entity19 . Therapy consisted of an intraperitoneal injection of 350 micrograms of killed @entity2432 1 day after @entity5 implantation followed by 70 micrograms of @entity2432 stereotaxically injected into the @entity5 5 days after implantation. MR imaging was performed on @entity19 injected with saline only, @entity2432 only, @entity5 only, and @entity5 treated with @entity2432 . @entity2432 alone elicited an intense transitory mononuclear cell inflammatory reaction in the meninges, ependyma, and to a variable degree at the injection site. The inflammatory response reached a peak 2 weeks after intracerebral injection. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging was able to detect the presence and severity of @entity2432 -induced @entity32 , which decreased 3 weeks after intracerebral injection. The transitory nature of this type of @entity32 should allow its differentiation from @entity5 in subjects undergoing serial scanning following intracerebral injection of @entity2432 as a form of @entity1313 immunotherapy.

title: MR imaging in an experimental model of XXXX immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'KHT sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'implanted CNS neoplasia']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corneocyte accumulation ( @entity5656 , xerosis) commonly occurs in the stratum corneum (SC) of the feet of @entity6 @entity1 , as well as menopausal @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of a 2.5% chitin-glucan formulation with its placebo, and commercially available @entity653 formulations. METHODS: This two-step controlled double-blind, randomized, intra-individual study was performed in 30 type 1 and 2 @entity6 menopausal @entity1 suffering from xerosis of the feet. The formulations were applied once daily for 3 weeks. Electrometric assessments were performed on three sites of the feet at entry in the study, at weekly intervals during the treatment phase, and in a 2-week follow-up out of treatment. Positive controls consisted in two commercially available formulations enriched in @entity653 . RESULTS: Data revealed an unequivocal benefit provided by the 2.5% chitin-glucan formulation compared with placebo. The electrometric values were significantly higher at each evaluation time during both treatment and follow-up phases. The two @entity653 -enriched formulations showed slightly different kinetics of SC moisturization. A steep increase was followed by a plateau level and a rapid decline after stopping the treatments. CONCLUSION: The increased moisturization of the SC of the sole probably improves the desquamation process and reduces xerosis of the soles.

title: Fungal chitin-glucan scaffold for managing XXXX of the feet in menopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic xerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity556 formation commences perioperatively in orthopaedic surgery and therefore some surgeons prefer preoperative initiation of pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. However, because of the potential for increased surgical @entity548 , the postoperative initiation of thromboprophylaxis has been advocated to reduce @entity190 , need for transfusion, and @entity548 complications. Trials on timing of thromboprophylaxis have been designed primarily to detect thrombotic events, and it has been difficult to interpret the magnitude of @entity190 and @entity548 events owing to lack of information for @entity548 volume and underpowered @entity548 end points. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked whether there are differences in @entity190 , transfusion requirements, and other postoperative clinical complications with preoperative versus postoperative @entity1021 with dalteparin. METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 80 @entity1 undergoing primary cemented @entity2445 were allocated to dalteparin injections starting 12 hours before or 6 hours after surgery. @entity190 was measured by weighing sponges and drapes, volume in suction drains during surgery, and wound drains until removal 24 hours postoperatively. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were recorded at predefined times during and after surgery. RESULTS: We found no differences in @entity190 (1081 mL    424 mL versus 1023 mL    238 mL), @entity548 -related events (10% versus 17%), or number of @entity1 who had transfusions (12 versus five) with @entity86 , respectively. Other complications were few in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest @entity190 is similar with preoperative and postoperative initiation of dalteparin thromboprophylaxis, but indicate a trend toward fewer transfusion requirements which might favor postoperative @entity1021 .

title: @entity190 in cemented @entity2445 is not reduced with postoperative versus preoperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['start of thromboprophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative and postoperative thromboprophylaxis']

answer: @entity1021 :: (MESH:D020922,Disease) :: ['start of thromboprophylaxis']


abstract: Thirty-two @entity706 of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract underwent molecular genetic analysis by Southern blotting using probes for the immunoglobulin genes and the @entity4910 , @entity588 , and @entity517 loci, commonly involved in lymphomagenesis. No @entity4910 rearrangements were found. There was only one @entity706 with a @entity588 rearrangement. A rearrangement of the @entity517 gene was found in six of eight @entity706 of the intestine. In five of these six cases, a chromosomal translocation t(8;14) with an unusual breakpoint was demonstrated by comigration of the rearranged @entity517 and a rearranged JH sequence. This pattern of rearrangement has not been previously associated with a specific group of @entity1893 . In contrast to all six @entity1893 , @entity517 rearrangements were found in 6 of 12 large-cell or high-grade mucosa-associated @entity706 . No comigration of @entity517 and immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene sequences were found. We conclude that primary @entity344 have different molecular genetic characteristics compared with node-based follicle center-cell lymphoma and as a group are not related to these @entity706 . In addition, the prevalence and patterns of @entity517 rearrangements in the @entity6595 and @entity706 are noteworthy and suggest a different and distinct pathogenesis for these @entity5 .

title: Molecular genetics of XXXX : unusual prevalence and pattern of @entity517 rearrangements in aggressive lymphomas.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['extranodal lymphomas', 'lymphomas of the stomach', 'Burkittlike lymphomas', 'ileocecal Burkittlike lymphomas', 'large-cell lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric large-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade lymphomas', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Currently, no practical biomarker is available for the diagnosis of acute @entity385 . Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has being applied extensively to analyze large biomolecules such as proteins. The technique is likely to be of remarkable value as indicators of systemic processes such as @entity731 and @entity64 . The aim of this study is to identify potential protein biomarkers for @entity385 diagnosis utilizing MALDI-TOF MS. METHODS: Serum samples obtained from acute @entity385 @entity1 (n = 47) and controls (n = 34) were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. @entity64 severity was assessed by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), subtype by the Trial of @entity10269 in Acute @entity64 Treatment (TOAST), functional outcome by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and @entity1188 volume by the diffusion-weighted images. Risk factors and routine laboratory data of the @entity64 @entity1 were registered prospectively. RESULTS: The peaks of @entity13554 and beta-chain were differentially expressed between @entity64 @entity1 and controls (p < 0.0001). Hb ions were detected in the samples collected from 33 (70.2%) @entity64 @entity1 and 5 (14.7%) controls. The sensitivity is 70.2% and the specificity is 85.3%. Among @entity64 @entity1 , there is no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between Hb peaks and the NIHSS, TOAST, mRS, @entity64 risk factors, @entity1188 volume, @entity1188 location and laboratory data. CONCLUSIONS: Serum free Hb may serve as a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis of acute @entity385 . The clinical value of this potential biomarker may be clarified by further studies quantifying serum free Hb levels.

title: Serum free hemoglobin as a novel potential biomarker for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity13554 :: ('3040', 'Gene') :: ['hemoglobin (Hb) alpha-chain']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1863 , @entity786 , and @entity2879 (BuCyE) is a commonly used conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This multicenter, phase II study examined the safety and efficacy of BuCyE with individually adjusted @entity1863 based on preconditioning pharmacokinetics. The study initially enrolled @entity978 ( @entity978 ) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) @entity1 ages 18 to 80  years but was amended due to high early treatment-related mortality (TRM) in @entity1  >  65  years. BuCyE outcomes were compared with contemporaneous recipients of @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , and @entity3601 (BEAM) from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research. Two hundred seven subjects with @entity978 (n  =  66) or @entity1893 (n  =  141) were enrolled from 32 centers in North America, and 203 underwent ASCT. Day 100 TRM for all subjects (n  =  203), @entity1  >  65  years (n  =  17), and @entity1   <=  65  years (n  =  186) were 4.5%, 23.5%, and 2.7%, respectively. The estimated rates of 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) were 33% for @entity978 and 58%, 77%, and 43% for @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ; n  =  63), @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ; n  =  29), and @entity706 ( @entity706 ; n  =  23), respectively. The estimated rates of 2-year overall survival (OS) were 76% for @entity978 and 65%, 89%, and 89% for @entity1892 , @entity1073 , and @entity706 , respectively. In the matched analysis rates of 2-year TRM were 3.3% for BuCyE and 3.9% for BEAM, and there were no differences in outcomes for @entity1893 . @entity1 with @entity978 had lower rates of 2-year PFS with BuCyE, 33% (95% CI, 21% to 46%), than with BEAM, 59% (95% CI, 52% to 66%), with no differences in TRM or OS. BuCyE provided adequate disease control and safety in B  cell @entity1893 @entity1  <= 65  years but produced worse PFS in @entity978 @entity1 when compared with BEAM.

title: Efficacy of Pharmacokinetics-Directed XXXX , @entity786 , and @entity2879 Conditioning and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for @entity706 : Comparison of a Multicenter Phase II Study and CIBMTR Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma', 'FL']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse large B  cell lymphoma', 'DLBCL']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan', 'busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1863 :: (MESH:D002066,Chemical) :: ['Busulfan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) with @entity21780 (EO) was proposed as a treatment for @entity1318 , based on the well-known @entity39 effect against the esophageal muscle layers. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term efficacy of EST. METHODS: Four consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity1318 were treated according to different schedules over a period of 20  years, by using EO or @entity5324 (PD). The primary outcome was @entity1282 relief. Secondary outcomes were lower esophageal sphincter pressure, esophagogram, @entity354 and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). @entity1 not responding to EST were treated with 30  mm dilation. RESULTS: A total of 103 @entity1 completed the treatment. On medium-term evaluation, 75 @entity1 who completed the treatment reached a clinical response labeled as "good," 23 were assessed as "fair," and 5 were assessed as failures. EUS has become a very informative tool to guide the treatment. The overall follow-up lasted for 87.9      66.7  months. Twelve @entity1 experienced a late failure. The cumulative expectancy of being free of recurrence was 90  % at 50  months with EO, but it was only 65  % with PD. Those @entity1 who responded to rescue measures remained in good or fair clinical condition during the remaining follow-up. Young age, PD, and the so-called fusiform pattern on esophagogram proved to be significant predictors of poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: EST with EO is a promising alternative to classic therapies for @entity1318 . In contrast, PD-treated @entity1 showed an important trend to @entity82 and clinical recurrence. Dilation seems particularly effective after EST, when this technique has failed.

title: Treatment of XXXX by injection of sclerosant substances: a long-term report.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity21780 :: ('MESH:C033343', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine oleate']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: We report our initial experience with deep-inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) cone-beam CT (CBCT) on the treatment table, using the kilovoltage imager integrated into our linear accelerator, for setting up @entity1 for DIBH stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for @entity2 . Nine @entity1 with @entity1149 (seven stage I), were given 60Gy in three fractions. All nine @entity1 could perform a DIBH for 35s. For each @entity1 we used a diagnostic reference CT volume image acquired during a DIBH to design an SBRT plan consisting of 7-10 noncoplanar conformal beams. Four @entity1 were setup by registering DIBH kilovoltage projection radiographs or megavoltage portal images on the treatment table to digitally reconstructed radiographs from the reference CT. Each of the last 14 fractions out of a total of 27 was setup by acquiring a CBCT volume image on the treatment table in three breath-holds. The CBCT and reference CT volume images were directly registered and the shift was calculated from the registration. The CBCT volume images contained excellent detail on soft tissue and bony anatomy for matching to the reference CT. Most importantly, the @entity5 was always clearly visible in the CBCT images, even when it was difficult or impossible to see in the radiographs or portal images. The accuracy of the CBCT method was confirmed by DIBH megavoltage portal imaging and each treatment beam was delivered during a DIBH. CBCT acquisition typically required five more minutes than radiograph acquisition but the overall setup time was often shorter using CBCT because repeat imaging was minimized. We conclude that for setting up SBRT treatments of @entity2 , DIBH CBCT is feasible, fast and may result in less variation among observers than using bony anatomy in orthogonal radiographs.

title: Deep-inspiration breath-hold kilovoltage cone-beam CT for setup of stereotactic body radiation therapy for XXXX : initial experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathway inhibition of the RAS-driven MAPK pathway using small-molecule kinase inhibitors has been a key focus for treating @entity5 driven by oncogenic RAS, yet significant clinical responses are lacking. Feedback reactivation of @entity3963 driven by drug-induced @entity8496 activity has been suggested as one of the major drug resistance mechanisms, especially in the context of oncogenic RAS. To determine whether additional adaptive resistance mechanisms may coexist, we characterized global phosphoproteomic changes after @entity8047 inhibitor @entity17528 ( @entity17528 ) treatment in @entity984 -mutant @entity1 and A549 @entity2220 cell lines employing mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics. We identified 9,075 quantifiable unique phosphosites (corresponding to 3,346 unique phosphoproteins), of which 567 phosphosites were more abundant and 512 phosphosites were less abundant after @entity8047 inhibition. @entity17528 increased phosphorylation of @entity22565 , a scaffolding protein required for assembly of MAPK signaling complex, as well as altered phosphorylation of @entity20183 , a novel regulator of @entity22565 and implicated in RAS-driven MAPK activation. Moreover, @entity17528 reduced inhibitory @entity563 phosphorylation of @entity35907 and potentiated @entity18942 - and EGF-induced @entity584 phosphorylation. These results were recapitulated by pan- @entity8496 ( @entity35908 ), @entity8047 (GDC0623), and @entity3963 ( @entity35909 ) inhibitors, which are currently under early-phase clinical development against @entity5 . Our results highlight the unique adaptive changes in MAPK scaffolding proteins ( @entity22565 , @entity20183 ) and in RTK signaling, leading to enhanced PI3K- @entity584 signaling when the MAPK pathway is inhibited. IMPLICATIONS: This study highlights the unique adaptive changes in MAPK scaffolding proteins ( @entity22565 , @entity20183 ) and in RTK signaling, leading to enhanced PI3K/ @entity584 signaling when the MAPK pathway is inhibited. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 1019-29.   2016 AACR.

title: Phosphoproteomics Reveals MAPK Inhibitors Enhance MET- and EGFR-Driven XXXX Signaling in @entity984 -Mutant Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity35907 :: ('p|SUB|M|985|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['MET at Ser985']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'RAS-mutant cancers']

entities_list: @entity17528 :: ('MESH:C517975', 'Chemical') :: ['Selumetinib', 'selumetinib', 'AZD6244']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['AKT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to the increased number of revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs) to correct @entity158 secondary to fretting from modular hip stems, this study was conducted in an effort to correlate objective findings of serum @entity1953 (Co) levels, serum @entity3407 ( @entity8818 ) levels, and/or reactive tissue seen on metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a @entity1 's need for revision THA. The study group comprised 66 @entity1 , 18 of whom received MARS MRI. Serum Co levels, serum @entity8818 levels, and standard numeric rating scale for @entity158 were documented for all @entity1 . Statistical analysis was then performed to determine whether there was a correlation between the aforementioned variables and the need for revision THA. Serum @entity8818 levels were higher in @entity1 with positive reactive tissue findings on MARS MRI, although this only approached significance (P=.083). Serum Co levels were higher in those undergoing revision THA, but this also only approached significance (P=.076). @entity158 scores were significantly different between those undergoing revision and those not (P<.001). It is the opinion of the authors that there is no objective finding in this study that can be used to identify @entity1 who require revision THA secondary to fretting of a modular hip stem prosthesis. Only a @entity1 's stated @entity158 level can assist a surgeon in the decision-making process regarding the need for revision THA secondary to fretting. [Orthopedics.2016; 39(5):288-292.].

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity3407 Levels Following Modular Hip Stem Total Hip Arthroplasty.

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['Cobalt']


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity1 developed @entity4 , @entity2194 , and @entity1931 in his left palm. Routine physical and neurological examinations revealed no abnormal findings except for left palmar @entity1119 . A clinical diagnosis of @entity6865 with @entity6866 was made. Skin sympathetic activity (SSA), dominating palm sweating and skin vasoconstriction, and discharges of single afferent fiber from the rapidly adapting-type I (RA-I) unit were recorded microneurography from the median nerve at the cubital fossa. SSA obtained from the affected side was significantly increased compared with that from the normal (right) side. The receptive field of RA-I unit in this case was larger than those of normal controls. Enlargement of the receptive field might suggest presence of collateral sprouting in the injured nerve fibers. Allodynia in the left palm was suspected to be resulted from misdirect sprouting between A alpha . beta to A delta . C fibers. Excessive sympathetic out flow to the skin is considered to be the cause of palmar @entity1119 , @entity4 with @entity2194 , and lowered @entity158 threshold, since @entity158 threshold is under regulation of SSA. It is concluded that these sensory and autonomic symptoms were resulted from increased sympathetic out flow to the skin and collateral sproutings in the peripheral nerve fibers.

title: [A microneurographic analysis of XXXX with increased skin sympathetic activity--report of a case].

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['minor reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1119 :: ('MESH:D006945', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhidrosis']

entities_list: @entity6866 :: ('MESH:D002422', 'Disease') :: ['causalgia']

answer: @entity6865 :: (MESH:D012019,Disease) :: ['minor reflex sympathetic dystrophy']


abstract: Rapidly evolving viruses such as @entity2858 display extensive sequence variation in response to host-specific selection, while simultaneously maintaining functions that are critical to replication and infectivity. This apparent conflict between diversifying and purifying selection may be resolved by an abundance of epistatic interactions such that the same functional requirements can be met by highly divergent sequences. We investigate this hypothesis by conducting an extensive characterization of sequence variation in the @entity2858 @entity5025 gene that encodes a highly variable multifunctional protein. Population-based sequences were obtained from 686 @entity1 enrolled in the HOMER cohort in British Columbia, Canada, from which the distribution of nonsynonymous substitutions in the phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihood. We used a phylogenetic comparative method on these data to identify putative epistatic interactions between residues. Two interactions (Y120/Q125 and N157/S169) were chosen to further investigate within-host evolution using @entity2858 RNA extractions from plasma samples from eight @entity1 . Clonal sequencing confirmed strong linkage between polymorphisms at these sites in every case. We used massively parallel pyrosequencing (MPP) to reconstruct within-host evolution in these @entity1 . Experimental error associated with MPP was quantified by performing replicates at two different stages of the protocol, which were pooled prior to analysis to reduce this source of variation. Phylogenetic reconstruction from these data revealed correlated substitutions at Y120/Q125 or N157/S169 repeated across multiple lineages in every host, indicating convergent within-host evolution shaped by epistatic interactions.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of population-based and deep sequencing data to identify coevolving sites in the @entity5025 gene of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity2858 :: (11676,Species) :: ['HIV-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the risk factors of @entity1713 after intraocular lens scleral fixation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all @entity1 who underwent intraocular lens implantation with scleral fixation and had at least 6 months of follow-up between January 2002 and December 2007. The risk factors for @entity1713 were investigated using various surgical variables. To find the significant predictors among the variables, we carried out binary logistic regression analysis with a backward selection method based on likelihood ratios. RESULTS: Data from 395 eyes were analyzed. The @entity1713 rates were 8.46% (11 of the 130 eyes) in @entity1 treated with pars plana vitrectomy ( @entity2286 ) and 3.02% (8 of the 265 eyes) in @entity1 treated without the @entity2286 . Performing @entity2286 (P = 0.023) was the only significant risk factor for @entity1713 after intraocular lens scleral fixation by logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio for @entity2286 was 2.970 (95% confidence interval: 1.164-7.574). CONCLUSION: Performing @entity2286 could be a risk factor of the @entity1713 after intraocular lens scleral fixation. If there is a choice, it should be decided carefully whether a @entity2286 is performed at the time of intraocular lens scleral fixation.

title: Risk factors for XXXX after intraocular lens scleral fixation with or without pars plana vitrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['pseudophakic retinal detachment']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['pseudophakic retinal detachment']


abstract: Sixty @entity1 with metastatic @entity1358 were entered into an ongoing randomized phase II study with @entity19981 , 350 mg/m2 orally daily (arm A) and high dose @entity440 , 150 mg/m2 orally daily for 6 months, afterwards 50 mg/m2 (arm B), until @entity5 progression. All @entity1 had measurable disease and documented @entity5 progression prior to treatment. There were 1 complete and 1 partial remission among 19 evaluable @entity1 in arm A (10.5%) and 2 complete and 1 partial remission among 25 evaluable @entity1 (12%) in arm B. Objective responses were observed in pulmonary, nodal, and cutaneous @entity3 . In addition, in 63% and 64% @entity5 progression could be stopped in arm A and B, respectively. Median response duration was 100 days (range, 20-361) in arm A and 150 days (range, 28-355) in arm B. One year survival rate was 37.5% with @entity19981 and 35% with @entity440 . In arm A @entity1 with @entity5 progression within 12 weeks after diagnosis of @entity3 survived significantly shorter than @entity1 with a longer interval (P less than 0.05). Nephrectomy or number and localization of metastatic sites failed to significantly influence probability of remission or survival. @entity137 was mostly mild to moderate. Four @entity1 in the @entity19981 arm had to discontinue treatment because of intolerable @entity925 , which were immediately reversible. These data suggest that @entity19981 and high-dose @entity440 are moderately effective in widespread @entity1358 where treatment intention is palliative.

title: @entity19981 versus high-dose XXXX in progressive, advanced @entity1358 : results of an ongoing randomized phase II study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity19981 :: ('MESH:C016371', 'Chemical') :: ['lonidamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that total @entity165 becomes less of a risk factor or not at all for all-cause and cardiovascular (CV) mortality with increasing age, but as little is known as to whether low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ), one component of total @entity165 , is associated with mortality in the elderly, we decided to investigate this issue. SETTING, @entity1 AND OUTCOME MEASURES: We sought PubMed for cohort studies, where @entity11429 had been investigated as a risk factor for all-cause and/or CV mortality in individuals >= 60   years from the general population. RESULTS: We identified 19 cohort studies including 30 cohorts with a total of 68   094 elderly @entity1 , where all-cause mortality was recorded in 28 cohorts and CV mortality in 9 cohorts. Inverse association between all-cause mortality and @entity11429 was seen in 16 cohorts (in 14 with statistical significance) representing 92% of the number of @entity1 , where this association was recorded. In the rest, no association was found. In two cohorts, CV mortality was highest in the lowest @entity11429 quartile and with statistical significance; in seven cohorts, no association was found. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity11429 is inversely associated with mortality in most @entity1 over 60   years. This finding is inconsistent with the @entity165 hypothesis (ie, that @entity165 , particularly @entity11429 , is inherently atherogenic). Since elderly @entity1 with high @entity11429 live as long or longer than those with low @entity11429 , our analysis provides reason to question the validity of the @entity165 hypothesis. Moreover, our study provides the rationale for a re-evaluation of guidelines recommending pharmacological reduction of @entity11429 in the elderly as a component of @entity65 prevention strategies.

title: Lack of an association or an inverse association between low-density-lipoprotein XXXX and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of @entity1 with @entity378 in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. METHODS: Cases of culture-confirmed and clinically diagnosed @entity378 were reported to the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit from December 2003 to January 2005. RESULTS: 385 eligible cases were reported. @entity358 was present in 154 (40%) @entity1 . Just over half (197, 51%) of @entity1 presented clinically and most of the remainder (166, 43%) at contact tracing. A probable source case was identified for 73/197 (36%) of the @entity1 presenting clinically. The majority (253, 66%) of @entity1 had a microbiological and/or histological investigation, and culture results were available for 240 (62%), of whom 102 (26%) were culture positive. Drug resistance was reported in 15 (0.4%) cases. 44% (128/292) of non-white @entity1 did not receive the recommended quadruple drug therapy. Seven @entity1 died. Only 57% (217) of @entity1 were managed by a paediatric subspecialist in respiratory or @entity166 or a general paediatrician with a special interest in one of these areas. Fewer than five cases were reported from 119/143 (83%) respondents and 72 of 96 (75%) centres. CONCLUSIONS: Many paediatricians and centres see few @entity1 with @entity378 . This may affect adherence to national guidelines. Managed clinical networks for @entity1 with @entity378 may improve management and should be the standard of care.

title: XXXX in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['Tuberculosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is still controversial whether adjacent level @entity3814 after balloon kyphoplasty (BK) and vertebroplasty (VP) should be regarded as the consequence of stiffness achieved by augmentation with bone cement or if the adjacent level @entity174 are simply the result of the natural progression of @entity170 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjacent level @entity174 risk after BK as compared with VP and to determine the possible dominant risk factor associated with new @entity3814 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 73 consecutive @entity1 with painful @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) were enrolled in a prospective nonrandomized study. BK was performed in 46 @entity1 (51 vertebral bodies) and VP in 27 @entity1 (32 vertebral bodies). The first @entity1 's visit was before the operative procedure, when clinical and radiographical examinations were done. The follow-up visits, considered in the analysis, were on the first day and after 1 year, postoperatively. RESULTS: In 1 year, 3 out of 46 @entity1 (6.5%) treated with BK, and 2 out of 27 @entity1 (7.4%) treated with VP sustained adjacent level @entity174 . More @entity1 with a BMD higher or equal to 3.0 experienced a new @entity174 than those with a BMD less than 3.0 (odds ratio = 13.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.35-124.81), and the risk for adjacent level @entity174 decreased significantly when the postoperative kyphotic angle was less than 9 degrees compared with that of higher or equal to 9 degrees (odds ratio = 12.00; 95% confidence interval: 1.25-114.88). CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that BK and VP are methods with a low risk of adjacent level @entity174 . The most important factors for new @entity3814 after a percutaneous augmentation procedure are the degree of @entity170 and altered biomechanics in the treated area of the spine due to resistant @entity1513 . These results suggest that the adjacent vertebrae would @entity174 eventually, even without the procedure. BK and VP offer a comparable rate of @entity158 relief.

title: Adjacent XXXX after percutaneous @entity3814 : a comparison of balloon kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCFs', 'vertebral compression fractures', 'compression fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral fractures']


abstract: As multidetector CT has come to play a more central role in medical care and as CT image quality has improved, there has been an increase in the frequency of detecting "incidental findings," defined as findings that are unrelated to the clinical indication for the imaging examination performed. These "incidentalomas," as they are also called, often confound physicians and @entity1 with how to manage them. Although it is known that most incidental findings are likely benign and often have little or no clinical significance, the inclination to evaluate them is often driven by physician and @entity1 unwillingness to accept uncertainty, even given the rare possibility of an important diagnosis. The evaluation and surveillance of incidental findings have also been cited as among the causes for the increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging. Indeed, incidental findings may be serious, and hence, when and how to evaluate them are unclear. The workup of incidentalomas has varied widely by physician and region, and some standardization is desirable in light of the current need to limit costs and reduce risk to @entity1 . Subjecting a @entity1 with an incidentaloma to unnecessary testing and treatment can result in a potentially injurious and expensive cascade of tests and procedures. With the participation of other radiologic organizations listed herein, the @entity12169 formed the Incidental Findings Committee to derive a practical and medically appropriate approach to managing incidental findings on CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. The committee has used a consensus method based on repeated reviews and revisions of this document and a collective review and interpretation of relevant literature. This white paper provides guidance developed by this committee for addressing incidental findings in the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, and pancreas.

title: Managing incidental findings on abdominal CT: white paper of the XXXX incidental findings committee.

answer: @entity12169 :: (49,Gene) :: ['ACR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2461 ( @entity2461 ) is one of most common complications in preterm @entity1 . Although @entity5018 represents the first choice for the closure of @entity2461 , this treatment can cause severe @entity344 and worsen platelet function. The successful closure of the @entity2461 with @entity1443 has been recently reported in several preterm @entity1 , and the safety of @entity1443 for this use has been suggested by the available data. METHODS/DESIGN: We present the design of a randomized, multicenter, controlled study, whose aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of intravenous @entity1443 in comparison to intravenous @entity5018 for the treatment of @entity2461 in preterm @entity1 . A total of 110 @entity1 born at 25(+0) to 31(+6) weeks of gestational age will be enrolled and randomized to receive @entity1443 or @entity5018 (55 @entity1 per group) starting at 24-72  h of life. The primary endpoint of the study is the comparison of the @entity2461 closing rate observed after a 3-day course with @entity1443 or @entity5018 . The secondary endpoints include the closure rate of @entity2461 after the second course of treatment with @entity5018 , the re-opening rate of the @entity2461 , the incidence of surgical ligation, and the occurrence of adverse effects. DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide new information about the possible use of @entity1443 in the treatment of @entity2461 . @entity1443 could offer several important therapeutic advantages over current treatment options, and it could become the treatment of choice for the management of @entity2461 , mainly due to its more favorable side effect profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02422966 . Eudract no. 2013-003883-30.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity1443 in comparison to XXXX for the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm @entity1 : study protocol for a randomized control trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and adverse renal effects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['PDA', 'Patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol']

answer: @entity5018 :: (MESH:D007052,Chemical) :: ['ibuprofen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Increased serum @entity1243 levels have been observed in @entity748 @entity1 . @entity1243 , via proliferation and activation of Th2 cells, may induce @entity32 in @entity565 . It has also been demonstrated that @entity1243 mRNA expression and protein levels increase in response to inflammatory stimuli. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the @entity1243 receptor, @entity1243 and ghrelin genes, may affect their expression and, therefore, be responsible for altered response to increased @entity1243 levels observed in @entity565 . To our knowledge, there were no studies on a potential role of @entity13156 , @entity1243 , and @entity5739 polymorphisms in @entity565 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 129 pediatric @entity1 with @entity565 and 114 healthy @entity1 from the control group ranging from 6 to 18 years of age. The diagnosis of @entity56 was based on clinical symptoms, the lung function test, and the positive skin prick test and/or increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Polymorphisms were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Statistical analyses were performed with Statistica v.7.1 software (Statistica, StatSoft, Poland; available free at http://www.broad.mit.edu/mpg/haploview/index.php). Linkage disequilibrium analysis was performed with Haploview v.4.0. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant association of the 3'UTR A/G and the @entity27771 polymorphisms of the @entity1243 gene with @entity565 . No association with @entity565 was observed for the @entity13157 and the @entity13159 polymorphisms of the @entity13156 gene and the @entity27772 polymorphism of the ghrelin gene. In the analysis of body mass index (BMI) stratified by genotype, we found an association of the @entity27771 @entity1243 , but not of @entity13156 and @entity5739 polymorphisms, with higher BMI values in @entity748 @entity1 . We found suggestive evidence for linkage between the two polymorphisms of the @entity13156 gene (D' = 0.84 CI: 0.71-0.92; r(2) = 0.29) in linkage disequilibrium analysis: The GG haplotype was more frequent in the control healthy group (p = 0.057). No linkage disequilibrium was detected between @entity1243 polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphisms of the @entity1243 gene may be associated with @entity565 and higher BMI in @entity748 @entity1 . Polymorphisms of the @entity13156 and @entity5739 seem unlikely to be associated with @entity565 or BMI in our sample. The results of haplotype analysis for the @entity13156 gene may suggest a protective role of the GG haplotype against @entity565 ; however, studies on larger groups are necessary to confirm the observed trend towards association.

title: Are genes associated with energy metabolism important in XXXX and BMI?

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity27772 :: ('p|SUB|M|72|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Met72Leu']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) is a rare @entity154 due to failure of fusion of the first and second branchial arches during embryogenesis. It may present as a midline defect of the anterior neck skin with a skin projection or sinus, or as a subcutaneous fibrous cord. This report evaluates the clinical features and surgical management of an @entity2419 . METHODS: We analyzed a series of 4 @entity1 with an @entity2419 successfully treated at Great Ormond Street Hospital for @entity1 in London. RESULTS: Three male @entity1 and 1 female @entity1 between 4 and 11 months of age were found to have an @entity2419 . Each @entity1 presented with an erythematous, fibrous band of tissue extending between the chin and the suprasternal notch. Treatment comprised surgical excision of the lesion and Z-plasty repair. We present the embryology, common clinical presentation, investigations, differential diagnosis, and histology, along with a literature review, of this uncommon @entity600 of the anterior neck. CONCLUSIONS: An @entity2419 is a differential diagnosis to consider when assessing a @entity1 with a @entity601 . Early surgical excision with Z-plasty repair of the soft tissue defect is the treatment of choice to prevent long-term complications.

title: XXXX : a rare @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['midline cervical lesion']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['MCC', 'midline cervical cleft']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Midline cervical cleft']


abstract: We measured the short-term effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity1169 (0.2 mg/kg iv), followed by stimulation with @entity3045 (200 mug inhaled), on specific airway conductance (SGaw) heart rate, and systemic blood pressure (BP) in 11 healthy subjects, and 11 symptom-free asthmatics with normal lung function values. @entity1169 induced a significant bronchoconstrictor effect in both groups, stronger in asthmatics than in normals: mean SGaw decreased 34.6 +/- 25% against 9.4 +/- 9% (p less than 0.01). Six of the 11 asthmatics exhibited a more pronounced bronchoconstriction than the most responsive healthy subject. Large individual variations were seen in both groups although they were greater in the asthmatics. A similar rise in SGaw was produced by @entity3045 in both groups. The decrease of heart rate provoked by @entity1169 was similar in the two groups, averaging 18.6%, with no further change after @entity3045 . The blood pressure was slightly decreased by @entity1169 in both groups. The results indicate that normal subjects have a weak and variable bronchodilator beta-adrenergic activity. In most asthmatics beta-adrenergic tone appeared more pronounced. The individual differences in response to @entity1169 observed in both groups suggest that @entity748 @entity1 differ quantitatively rather than qualitatively from healthy subjects with respect to beta-adrenergic receptor function. There was no association between clinical findings and the degree of bronchomotor effect of @entity1169 in the @entity1 with @entity565 . This study does not support the view that airways of @entity748 @entity1 have a decreased beta-adrengeric receptor function.

title: Beta-adrenergic function in airways of healthy and XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['salbutamol']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adverse health effects of @entity7678 ( @entity7678 ) on the respiratory system of @entity1 are unclear. We hypothesized that @entity7678 events may lead to increased visits by @entity1 to emergency medical centers due to @entity565 and @entity1576 , including @entity565 . METHODS: We used anonymized data on @entity1 receiving primary emergency treatment at Nagasaki Municipal Primary Emergency Medical Center, Japan between March 2010 and September 2013. We used Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data to assess @entity7678 exposure and performed time-stratified case-crossover analyses to examine the association between @entity7678 exposure and emergency department visits. The main analysis was done with data collected from March through May each year. RESULTS: The total number of emergency department visits during the study period was 756 for @entity565 and 5421 for @entity1576 , and the number of " @entity7678 days" was 47. In school @entity1 , @entity7678 events at lag day 3 and lag day 4 were associated with @entity341 due to @entity565 , with odds ratios of 1.837 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.212-2.786) and 1.829 (95% CI, 1.179-2.806), respectively. @entity7678 events were significantly associated with @entity1576 among preschool @entity1 at lag day 0, lag day 1, and lag day 2, with odds ratios of 1.244 (95% CI, 1.128-1.373), 1.314 (95% CI, 1.189-1.452), and 1.273 (95% CI, 1.152-1.408), respectively. These associations were also significant when the results were adjusted for meteorological variables and other air pollutants. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings suggested that @entity7678 exposure increases emergency department visits by @entity1 .

title: Asian Dust and Pediatric Emergency Department Visits Due to @entity565 and XXXX in Nagasaki, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['increased emergency department visits']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['Respiratory Diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophageal perforations are a rare but devastating complication of @entity955 catheter ablation. Rapid treatment is crucial to avoid permanent disabilities and @entity204 . Surgical treatment is considered the treatment of choice. Alternatively, single case reports describe successful esophageal stenting, but others discourage this approach because of fatal consequences. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present 3 @entity1 who developed @entity292 after radiofrequency catheter ablation of @entity955 . Diagnosis and management with pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting, as well as long-term follow-up are described. @entity292 occurred 26, 9, and 18 days after the ablation procedure. Symptoms leading to admission were recurrence of @entity955 (n=1), elective control endoscopy for thermal lesion (n=1), and @entity158 with swallowing (n=1). Computed tomography revealed @entity292 with @entity2294 in all @entity1 , while contrast leakage and air in the left atrium could be excluded. Broad-spectrum antibiotics were initialized, and minimally invasive pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting were performed. Stent dislocation occurred in 2 @entity1 and was resolved by repositioning and clipping of the proximal stent end. After 45, 22, and 28 days, respectively, @entity292 appeared closed and stents were removed. During follow-up, no embolic or septic events occurred. However, 2 @entity1 underwent dilation of symptomatic @entity3332 in the formerly stented region. CONCLUSIONS: An early minimally invasive approach consisting of pericardial drainage and esophageal stenting proved effective in treating @entity1 with @entity292 . However, constant interdisciplinary communication and attention is needed to recognize and manage potential evolving complications promptly.

title: Successful nonsurgical treatment of @entity292 after XXXX catheter ablation: a case series.

entities_list: @entity3332 :: ('MESH:D004940', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['Esophagopericardial fistulas', 'esophagopericardial fistulas', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Transplanted neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) display peculiar therapeutic plasticity in vivo. Although the replacement of cells was first expected as the prime therapeutic mechanism of stem cells in regenerative medicine, it is now clear that transplanted NPCs simultaneously instruct several therapeutic mechanisms, among which replacement of cells might not necessarily prevail. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanism(s) by which NPCs exert their therapeutic plasticity is lacking. This study was designed as a preclinical approach to test the feasibility of @entity1 NPC transplantation in an outbreed nonhuman primate @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ) model approximating the clinical and complex neuropathological situation of @entity1 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) more closely than @entity6503 in the standard laboratory rodent. METHODS: We examined the safety and efficacy of the intravenous (IV) and intrathecal (IT) administration of @entity1 NPCs in @entity7533 affected by @entity1 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 1-125-induced @entity6503 . Treatment commenced upon the occurrence of detectable @entity75 on a 4.7T spectrometer. RESULTS: @entity6503 marmosets injected IV or IT with NPCs accumulated lower disability and displayed increased survival, as compared with sham-treated controls. Transplanted NPCs persisted within the host central nervous system (CNS), but were also found in draining lymph nodes, for up to 3 months after transplantation and exhibited remarkable immune regulatory capacity in vitro. INTERPRETATION: Herein, we provide the first evidence that @entity1 CNS stem cells ameliorate @entity6503 in nonhuman primates without overt side effects. Immune regulation (rather than neural differentiation) is suggested as the major putative mechanism by which NPCs ameliorate @entity6503 in vivo. Our findings represent a critical step toward the clinical use of @entity1 NPCs in @entity15 .

title: @entity1 neural stem cells ameliorate autoimmune encephalomyelitis in non- XXXX primates.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7533 :: ('9483', 'Species') :: ['common marmosets']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Between January 1992 and December 1994, a prospective study was performed in two centres comparing chemical synovectomy using repeated weekly injections (range, 1-17) of @entity1215 (Group R) vs. radioactive synovectomy using 1-2 injections of Yttrium-90 (Group Y). The study was performed on 38 joints in a total of 35 haemophilic @entity1 suffering from chronic @entity603 unresponsive to 3 months of conservative treatment (substitution therapy with the @entity3459 factor plus a rehabilitation protocol). Group R included 18 @entity1 with an average age of 9 years, with an average follow-up time of 25 months. In Group R, 19 joints were treated: nine knees, four elbows and six ankles. Group Y included 17 @entity1 with an average age of 18 years, with an average follow-up time of 23 months. In Group Y, 19 joints were treated: 14 knees, two elbows and three ankles. The joints were evaluated according to the frequency of @entity548 episodes and the Pettersson radiographic score. On the basis of the radiographic scale at the time of the synoviortheses, the joints were categorized as stage I (0 points), stage II (1-2 points), stage III (3-7 points), stage IV (8-10 points) and stage V (11-13 points). The overall results showed that in Group R, @entity548 decreased in 12 joints, remained the same in six and worsened in one. In Group Y, @entity548 decreased in 11 joints, remained the same in seven and worsened in one. In both Groups, @entity548 was controlled best if joints were in stages I and II. In stages III, IV and V, synoviorthesis should not be carried out in @entity447 because it is not effective. Use of radioactive substances in @entity1 under the age of 9 years has been discouraged in the past and therefore only @entity1215 was used in this age group. However, in @entity1 over 9 years of age, this study showed similar decrease of @entity548 in both treatment groups. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of both agents, we suggest the use of @entity1215 in elbows and ankles but prefer Yttrium-90 for the knees.

title: Chemical synovectomy vs. radioactive synovectomy for the treatment of chronic XXXX : a prospective short-term study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['deficient coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['Rifampicin']

answer: @entity603 :: (MESH:D013585,Disease) :: ['haemophilic synovitis']


abstract: Chronic @entity9 , resulting from damage to the central or peripheral nervous system, is a prevalent and debilitating condition, affecting 7-18% of the population(1,2). Symptoms include spontaneous (tingling, burning, electric-shock like) @entity158 , dysaesthesia, paraesthesia, @entity1931 ( @entity158 resulting from normally non-painful stimuli) and @entity1931 (an increased response to painful stimuli). The sensory symptoms are co-morbid with behavioural disabilities, such as @entity22 and @entity308 . To study chronic @entity9 several animal models mimicking @entity1897 have been developed, one of the most widely used is Bennett and Xie's (1988) unilateral sciatic nerve @entity8638 ( @entity8638 )(3) (Figure 1). Here we present a method for performing @entity8638 and @entity1062 @entity158 @entity56 . @entity8638 is performed under anaesthesia, with the sciatic nerve on one side exposed by making a skin incision, and cutting through the connective tissue between the gluteus superficialis and biceps femoris muscles. Four chromic gut ligatures are tied loosely around the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals, to just occlude but not arrest epineural blood flow. The wound is closed with sutures in the muscle and staples in the skin. The animal is then allowed to recover from surgery for 24 hrs before @entity158 @entity56 @entity1062 begins. For behavioural @entity1062 , @entity35 are placed into the @entity1062 apparatus and are allowed to habituate to the @entity1062 procedure. The area tested is the mid-plantar surface of the hindpaw (Figure 2), which falls within the sciatic nerve distribution. Mechanical withdrawal threshold is assessed by mechanically stimulating both injured and uninjured hindpaws using an electronic @entity8810 aesthesiometer or manual von Frey hairs(4). The mechanical withdrawal threshold is the maximum pressure exerted (in grams) that triggers paw withdrawal. For measurement of thermal withdrawal latency, first described by Hargreaves et al (1988), the hindpaw is exposed to a beam of radiant heat through a transparent glass surface using a plantar analgesia meter(5,6). The withdrawal latency to the heat stimulus is recorded as the time for paw withdrawal in both injured and uninjured hindpaws. Following @entity8638 , mechanical withdrawal threshold, as well as thermal withdrawal latency in the injured paw are both significantly reduced, compared to baseline measurements and the uninjured paw (Figure 3). The @entity8638 model of @entity1897 combined with @entity158 @entity56 @entity1062 provides a model system to investigate the effectiveness of potential therapeutic agents to modify chronic @entity9 . In our laboratory, we utilise @entity8638 alongside thermal and mechanical sensitivity of the hindpaws to investigate the role of neuro-immune interactions in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity9 .

title: Chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve and @entity158 @entity56 @entity1062 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['dynamic plantar von Frey']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Primary @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is extremely rare. Its clinical presentation is similar to that of @entity189 . @entity3 or extension from the head and neck area should be ruled out, as @entity1 with @entity957 have a poorer prognosis than @entity1 who have a thyroid extension from an adjacent @entity5 . An 87-year-old @entity1 presented with a longstanding painless mass in the right thyroid and had experienced 2 months of pain upon swallowing. A right lobectomy was performed with resection of thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, a portion of the first to third @entity8276 and the right neck lymph node. A histological examination revealed pure SCC. The @entity5 cells showed diffuse immunoreactivity to @entity4205 , @entity4166 and @entity4206 . Immunoreactivity to EMA and @entity876 was focally positive. @entity10922 , galectin 3 and thyroglobulin immunoreactivity was restricted to the non-neoplastic thyroid tissue. Both @entity5 cells and non-neoplastic follicular cells were negative for @entity5893 . The @entity1758 index was 36%. DNA extracted from the @entity5 identified a @entity817 @entity8554 mutation in exon 15 and a @entity817 @entity27141 mutation in exon 11, whereas DNA from non-tumorous cells did not contain a mutation. These molecular findings may suggest a direct transformation from @entity1377 to @entity957 .

title: Primary pure @entity957 : report and histogenic consideration of a case involving a XXXX mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC-T', 'squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity8276 :: ('MESH:D014133', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal ring']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lowered baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) predicts mortality and occurs with increasing age and @entity6 . We examined whether aerobic exercise could restore arterial @entity4375 in adults at high cardiovascular risk ( @entity6 , geriatric age group, @entity1007 , and @entity101 ). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, single-blind study. SETTING: VITALiTY (Vancouver Initiative to Add Life to Years) Research Laboratory. @entity1 : Thirty-nine older adults (mean age, 71.5 +/- 0.7 years) with diet-controlled or oral hypoglycemic-controlled type 2 @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity1007 . INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were recruited to each of 2 groups: an aerobic group (3 months of vigorous aerobic exercise as defined by 80% to 85% of maximal heart rate), and a nonaerobic (no aerobic exercise) group. Exercise sessions were supervised by a certified exercise trainer 3 times per week. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: : Baroreflex function was assessed using the spontaneous baroreflex method. Main outcome measures included @entity4375 , @entity4375 (up), @entity4375 (down), and [latin capital V with dot above]o(2)max. RESULTS: The aerobic group demonstrated an increase in @entity4375 that was not demonstrated in the nonaerobic group (+60.9 +/- 23.5 vs +2.2 +/- 7.9%; P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that a relatively short aerobic exercise intervention can reverse functional impairments of the arterial baroreflex function in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.

title: Aerobic training restores arterial baroreflex sensitivity in older adults with type 2 XXXX , @entity101 , and @entity1007 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of grafts from donors after @entity204 (DCD) would greatly contribute to the expansion of the donor organ pool. The objective of this study is to determine the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and subnormothermic machine perfusion (MP) with rewarming in a large animal model of DCD  liver. METHODS: After @entity1167 , the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were cannulated and connected to an ECMO circuit. Porcine livers were perfused in situ with ECMO at 22  C for 60 minutes after 60 minutes of @entity204 . Then the livers were perfused for 4 hours by MP as a graft viability test. In group 1, non-in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved hypothermic MP. In group 2, non-in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved subnormothermic rewarming MP. In group 3, we used ECMO and subnormothermic rewarming MP. To assess potential methods and effect, effluent enzymes were measured. @entity99 during MP were evaluated. RESULTS: Effluent enzyme of @entity3849 , @entity3929 aminotransferase and LDH as viability markers were significantly low ( @entity5906 aminotransferase, 2899, 2292, and 972 IU/L; @entity3929 aminotransferase, 134, 140, and 72 IU/L; and @entity880 dehydrogenase, 4354, 4455, and 1855 IU/L in each group, respectively). @entity99 during preservation came down smoothly in group 3 compared with group  1. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of in situ subnormothermic ECMO and machine preservation with rewarming is more essential for the recovery and resuscitating function of DCD liver grafts.

title: Applicability of Combined Use of Extracorporeal Support and Temperature-Controlled Machine Perfusion Preservation for Liver Procurement of Donors After XXXX in Pigs.

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Portal vein and hepatic artery pressure']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of as-needed @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) retreatment compared with standard @entity9170 retreatment combined with PRN ranibizumab injections among @entity1 with persistent @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). Twenty-eight @entity1 with persistent @entity1103 having @entity4557 earlier than 6  months after initial @entity9170 implantation were included in this retrospective study. Group I consisted of 13 @entity1 retreated using monthly PRN ranibizumab injections combined with standard 6-monthly @entity9170 implantation; Group II consisted of 15 @entity1 retreated with @entity9170 implantation earlier than 6  months on an "as-needed" basis. There was no significant difference between the groups with regarding to age, gender, HbA1C levels, duration of @entity6 , duration of @entity1103 , baseline @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP) values (p  >  0.05). The mean follow-up time of the whole study population was 10.13      1.75  months (range 9-15). The mean @entity1020 values were significantly decreased in both groups compared to baseline values except for the 6th-month @entity1020 in Group I (p  <  0.05). The mean logMAR BCVA values were not statistically different between groups during the follow-up compared to baseline BCVA values (p  >  0.05). However, a significant change in mean BCVA from baseline was seen at 4th, 6th, and 9th months in Group II (p  <=   0.05). The mean number of total intravitreal treatments was 3.50      0.77 in Group I and 2.53      0.51 in Group II (p  =  0.001). During the follow-up period, one @entity1 in Group I and five @entity1 in Group II had increased IOP (>= 25  mmHg). Early @entity9170 retreatment improved vision with superior anatomical improvement at 6th month and with fewer intravitreal treatments in eyes with @entity1103 . However, improvement in visual acuity is similar with standard @entity9170 retreatment combined with PRN ranibizumab group.

title: Comparison of early @entity619 retreatment versus standard @entity619 regimen combined with PRN ranibizumab in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['recurrence']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema', 'DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['diabetic macular edema']


abstract: Elevated antibody (Ab) titers to @entity805 ) is a frequent finding in @entity15 . Although MV-Abs are synthesized intrathecally, it is not known whether this is due to polyclonal activation of B cells recruited from the blood, recognition of MV antigens within the CNS, or cross-reactivity with myelin antigens. This study examined these possibilities using purified MV polypeptides. We examined Ab reactivity to each polypeptide in serum and CSF from 21 @entity15 @entity1 , 5 with subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ), and 11 @entity1 with @entity16 ( @entity16 ), and serum from 5 @entity1 with @entity778 and 11 normal controls. The serum of all subjects tested contained reactivity with MV and the 5 polypeptides. Of 21 @entity15 @entity1 , 20 had CSF reactivity with MV compared with 3/11 ONDs and 5/5 @entity8300 @entity1 . Intrathecal MV-Ab synthesis was present in 11/21 @entity15 @entity1 , 5/5 @entity8300 , and in none of the ONDs. Nine of 21 @entity15 @entity1 had intrathecal synthesis of Ab to 2 MV polypeptides. Serum and CSF reactivity in @entity15 @entity1 was skewed towards the F polypeptide. The results are consistent with the concept of polyclonal B cell activation within the CNS, but the heightened response to F could also reflect cross-reactivity with a relevant antigen in @entity15 .

title: @entity805 polypeptide-specific antibody profile in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['acute MV infection']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['other neurologic diseases', 'OND']

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus (MV']

entities_list: @entity8300 :: ('MESH:D013344', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing panencephalitis', 'SSPE']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few large population-based studies have compared the incidence of @entity548 of @entity10189 between @entity1 with and without @entity454 . We investigated the association between @entity1066 and @entity454 in @entity1 receiving hemodialysis, and we sought to identify risk factors for @entity1066 . METHODS: We performed a nationwide seven-year population study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We identified 36 474 @entity1 with @entity454 who were receiving hemodialysis, 6320 @entity1 with @entity740 and 36 034 controls matched for age, sex and medication use. We performed log-rank testing to analyze differences in survival time without @entity1066 among the three groups. We performed Cox proportional hazard regressions to evaluate the risk factors for @entity1066 among the three groups and to identify risk factors in @entity1 receiving hemodialysis. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving hemodialysis and those with @entity740 had a significantly higher incidence of @entity1066 than controls had (p<0.001). Hemodialysis (hazard ratio [HR] 5.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.67-5.86) and @entity740 (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.62-2.35) were independently associated with an increased risk of @entity1066 . @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity82 and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were risk factors for @entity1066 in @entity1 with @entity454 who were receiving hemodialysis INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with @entity454 who are receiving hemodialysis had a high risk of @entity1066 . @entity6 , @entity453 , @entity82 and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were important risk factors for @entity1066 in these @entity1 .

title: Incidence of @entity548 from @entity10189 in XXXX with @entity454 receiving hemodialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['gastroduodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a recently observed association of macular @entity1713 and subretinal drusenoid deposits ( @entity2363 ). METHODS: Clinical and multimodal imaging data of @entity1 with acquired @entity75 in association with subretinal drusenoid deposits were reviewed. Acquired @entity75 were defined as subretinal accumulations of yellow material that developed in adulthood. Subretinal drusenoid deposits were diagnosed as being present if there were @entity10983 that colocalized with aggregates of subretinal material as seen by multimodal imaging including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, autofluorescence, and near-infrared imaging. RESULTS: Seven eyes of 6 @entity1 with a mean age of 85 years, all of whom were white, were found to have vitelliform material in association with subretinal drusenoid deposits. The median visual acuity was 20/30. The vitelliform material was hyperautofluorescent and was in all eyes located in the subretinal space between the inner segment/outer segment junction and the retinal pigment epithelium. This material had the same color, autofluorescence, and optical coherence tomographic characteristics as the vitelliform material seen in association with cuticular drusen. CONCLUSION: Acquired @entity75 can occur in association with subretinal drusenoid deposits. Subretinal drusenoid deposits might be mistaken for cuticular drusen because of their similar appearance in color fundus photography but can be easily distinguished with multimodal imaging because they lie above the retinal pigment epithelium. Subretinal drusenoid deposits may reflect abnormalities in the function of the retinal pigment epithelium and their presence may interfere with photoreceptor outer segment turnover, leading to an accumulation of vitelliform material.

title: Acquired @entity1713 in XXXX with subretinal drusenoid deposits ( @entity2363 ).

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['vitelliform detachment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['vitelliform lesions']

entities_list: @entity10983 :: ('MESH:D015593', 'Disease') :: ['drusen-like accumulations']

entities_list: @entity2363 :: ('MESH:C538361', 'Disease') :: ['reticular pseudodrusen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ), if haemodynamically important, are closed whereas small shunts are left without intervention. The long-term prognosis in @entity1757 is good but @entity1 are still at risk for long-term complications. The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence of @entity884 ( @entity884 ) in adults with @entity1757 . METHODS: The Swedish registry for @entity299 (SWEDCON) was searched for adults with @entity1757 . 779 @entity1 were identified, 531 with small shunts and 248 who had the @entity1757 previously closed. The National @entity1 Register was then searched for hospitalisations due to @entity884 in adults during a 10-year period. RESULTS: Sixteen (2%) @entity1 were treated for @entity884 , 6 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , with a mean age of 46.3  12.2   years. The incidence of @entity884 was 1.7-2.7/1000   years in @entity1 without previous intervention, 20-30 times the risk in the general population. Thirteen had small shunts without previous intervention. There was no mortality in these 13 cases. Two @entity1 had undergone repair of their @entity1757 and also aortic valve replacement before the episode of @entity884 and a third @entity1 with repaired @entity1757 had a bicuspid aortic valve, all of these three @entity1 needed reoperation because of their @entity884 and one @entity1 died. No @entity1 with isolated and operated @entity1757 was diagnosed with @entity884 . CONCLUSIONS: A small unoperated @entity1757 in adults carries a substantially increased risk of @entity884 but is associated with a low risk of mortality.

title: High incidence of XXXX in adults with @entity1757 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'Ventricular septal defects', 'VSDs', 'congenital VSD']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']