abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity32 may affect the composition of the dental pellicle and initial acquisition of bacteria, which in turn could affect the healing of the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study was to examine the dental pellicle and early supragingival biofilms in @entity2521 @entity1 with an established subgingival infiltrate before and after surgical pocket elimination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 with remaining pockets were selected. Samples were taken before and after surgical pocket elimination and after subsequent experimental @entity2522 . Pellicle proteins were analyzed by @entity214 -PAGE, immunoblotting and image analysis and 4-h supragingival plaque by culturing. RESULTS: The inflammatory status affected to a greater extent the concentration of plasma proteins than salivary proteins in the dental pellicle. The highest plasma protein concentrations were observed at remaining periodontal pockets where also the highest bacterial counts were found. The TVC was reduced on the gingival tooth surfaces (p < 0.05) after pocket elimination and increased slightly during experimental @entity2522 . The finding of streptococci was highest on the incisal tooth surfaces and increased after surgery. Gram-negative anaerobes were sparse but seen more often before than after pocket elimination and on gingival than on incisal surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that increased amounts of plasma proteins in the pellicle formed in the presence of remaining periodontal pockets may foster the acquisition of bacteria, including proteolytic Gram-negative species. This, in turn, results in an increased de novo plaque formation rate.

title: Pellicle and early dental plaque in XXXX @entity1 before and after surgical pocket elimination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Gingival inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the safety and the feasibility of sedation administered by cardiologists with rapid intravenous bolus of @entity1363 followed by @entity5757 infusion during @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) for @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-five consecutive @entity1 (119 females, mean age 67.4 +/- 8.5 years) with either acute (24 @entity1 ) or persistent @entity955 (mean @entity943 duration 3.7 +/- 3.0 months) underwent @entity8425 . @entity1363 (0.05 mg/kg) was administered as rapid intravenous bolus by the cardiologist, whereas the anaesthesiologist was simply alerted. At the end of the procedure, intravenous @entity5757 0.25 mg was given, followed by 0.25 mg over 1 h. @entity1 received continuous electrocardiographic and pulse-oxymetric monitoring. RESULTS: Adequate sedation was obtained in 262 @entity1 (98.9%), with a mean @entity1363 dose of 4.4 +/- 0.9 mg. After drug administration, the mean time to @entity1 's sedation and reawakening were 3.1 +/- 1.9 and 6.1 +/- 2.7 min, respectively. The mean reduction in @entity26 saturation was 5.4 +/- 3.7%. Sinus rhythm was restored in 254 @entity1 (95.8%). All but 41 @entity1 (15.5%) were completely amnesic. None reported @entity158 . No adverse events were registered. No urgent call for the anaesthesiologist was made. CONCLUSIONS: Conscious sedation with fast-administered @entity1363 followed by @entity5757 for cardioversion of @entity955 is safe, effective and well tolerated, easing the procedure and shortening its duration.

title: Fast cardiologist-administered XXXX for electrical cardioversion of @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['transthoracic biphasic electrical cardioversion', 'TEC']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the results of a phase II trial exploring the efficacy and the feasibility of combination of @entity136 and @entity900 concurrent with radiotherapy followed by surgery in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: @entity1 with histocytologically confirmed @entity1149 were treated with @entity900 80 mg/sqm/wk of 1 and 4 or 20 mg/sqm/d of weeks 1 and 4 and weekly @entity136 at 300 to 350 mg/m2 plus involved field radiotherapy. A 3D-conformal radiotherapy was delivered up to 50.4 Gy, with daily fractionation of 1.8 Gy. After clinical, radiologic, and pneumological reassessment, @entity1 who reentered criteria for resectability were operated. RESULTS: The stage at diagnosis was IIIA-N2 in 29 @entity1 and IIIB-T4N0-2 for vascular direct infiltration for the remaining 21. Fifteen @entity1 (30%) experienced acute grade 3 to 4 @entity1503 , whereas acute grade 3 esophageal @entity137 was recorded in three @entity1 (6%). One @entity1 developed a grade 4 @entity358 (2%). Clinical response was 40 (80%) partial response, one (2%) stable disease, and nine (18%) progressive disease. Thirty-six @entity1 (72%) underwent surgery. Final pathology showed a downstaging to stage 0 to I in 25 cases (50%). Median overall survival for all @entity1 was 21.8 months, with a 3-year survival of 40.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this phase II trial confirm the feasibility and the efficacy of concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery.

title: Multimodality treatment of XXXX : analysis of a phase II trial using preoperative @entity900 and @entity136 with concurrent radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of eosinophilic @entity2883 with @entity2883 (EGPA; previously known as @entity12534 ) is lower than that of other antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV's), and only a few randomized controlled trials have been conducted for this rare disease. However, recent international efforts have helped delineate the best treatment approach. AREAS COVERED: At present, EGPA conventional therapy is by default similar to that of other AAVs. Limited, non-severe EGPA can initially be treated with glucocorticoids (GCs) alone. @entity1 with life-threatening manifestations and/or major organ involvement must receive a combination of GCs and an immunosuppressant, mainly @entity786 . Remission can be achieved in >85% of @entity1 with these first-line treatments, but @entity1333 relapses occur in more than one-third of @entity1 , and about 85% cannot stop GC treatment because of GC-dependent @entity565 and/or ENT manifestations. A few biologic agents, including rituximab or mepolizumab, are now under investigation after interesting preliminary results. Expert commentary: Treatment for EGPA still has several unmet needs. Several biologic agents are now under investigation in randomized controlled trials, but a few others should be considered soon. Their benefit should be demonstrated for devising more EGPA-tailored therapeutic strategies (ideally GC-free).

title: Optimal therapy and prospects for new medicines in eosinophilic @entity2883 with XXXX ( @entity12534 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: High molecular weight (HMW) hyaluronan (HA) is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix, but its biological activities remain incompletely understood. We previously reported that HMW-HA binding to @entity3844 antagonizes mitogen-induced S-phase entry in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs; Cuff, C.A., D. Kothapalli, I. Azonobi, S. Chun, Y. Zhang, R. Belkin, C. Yeh, A. Secreto, R.K. Assoian, D.J. Rader, and E. Pur  . 2001. J. Clin. Invest. 108:1031-1040); we now characterize the underlying molecular mechanism and document its relevance in vivo. HMW-HA inhibits the mitogen-dependent induction of @entity1896 and down-regulation of @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ) in vascular SMCs. @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ) messenger RNA levels were unaffected by HMW-HA, but the expression of @entity30601 , the rate-limiting component of the SCF complex that degrades @entity7919 ( @entity7919 ), was reduced. Rescue experiments identified @entity1896 as the primary target of HMW-HA. Similar results were observed in fibroblasts, and these antimitogenic effects were not detected in @entity3844 -null cells. Analysis of arteries from wild-type and @entity3844 -null @entity19 showed that the effects of HMW-HA/ @entity3844 on @entity1896 and @entity30601 gene expression are detected in vivo and are associated with altered SMC proliferation after @entity1317 .

title: Hyaluronan and @entity3844 antagonize mitogen-dependent XXXX expression in mesenchymal cells.

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity1896 :: (12443(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['cyclin D1']


abstract: Recent investigations have demonstrated that @entity1520 bridges may play a crucial role in the stabilization of proteins in hyperthermophilic organisms. A major role in the process of @entity1520 formation is played by ubiquitous proteins belonging to the @entity32144 superfamily, which includes thioredoxins (Trx), @entity32144 reductases (TrxR), and @entity1520 oxidases/isomerases (PDO/PDI). Here we report a characterization of the structure and stability of the TrxR (SsTrxRB3) isolated from the archaeon @entity12204 . This protein is particularly interesting since it is able to process different substrates (Trxs and PDO) and it is endowed with an additional @entity2125 oxidase activity. The crystal structure of the wild-type enzyme, of its complex with @entity1110 and of the @entity32145 mutant provides interesting clues on the enzyme function. In contrast to what is observed for class II TrxRs, in the structure of the oxidized enzyme, the FAD binding site is occupied by a partially disordered @entity2125 molecule. In the active site of the @entity32145 mutant, which exhibits a marginal @entity2125 oxidase activity, the FAD is canonically bound to the enzyme. Molecular modeling indicates that a FAD molecule can be accommodated in the site of the reduced SsTrxRB3. Depending on the oxidation state, SsTrxRB3 can bind a different cofactor in its active site. This peculiar feature has been related to its dual activity. Denaturation experiments followed by circular dichroism indicate that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the stabilization of this thermostable protein. The analysis of the enzyme 3D-structure has also provided insights into the bases of SsTrxRB3 stability.

title: Structure and stability of a XXXX reductase from @entity12204 : a thermostable protein with two functions.

entities_list: @entity12204 :: ('2287', 'Species') :: ['Sulfolobus solfataricus']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity32144 :: (24866644,Gene) :: ['thioredoxin']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of oral @entity1206 plus trastuzumab (OV + T) in @entity1722 positive @entity0 as first line chemotherapy or after progressing on earlier treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (median age: 59 years) were included. @entity1 received OV in a dose of 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 and 8, q=21, without dose escalation. Trastuzumab was administered every 3 weeks at a dose of 6 mg/kg bodyweight after a loading dose of 8 mg/kg. Response was evaluated every three cycles using UICC criteria. @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method. A multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate factors potentially influencing response rate and @entity1054 . RESULTS: Median time of observation was 20 months. We observed a complete response in 18% of @entity1 , partial remission in 50%, stable disease >or= 6 months in 21%, and progressive disease in 11%. @entity1054 was median 9 months. @entity1349 was not reached. Response rate and @entity1054 were influenced by line of treatment only. The main @entity137 consisted of @entity1398 and @entity390 . CONCLUSIONS: OV + T appears to be an effective and safe treatment option in @entity0 at the dose and schedule chosen.

title: Results from an observational trial with oral @entity1206 and trastuzumab in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'Time to progression']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: Velusetrag ( @entity28176 ) is a potent, selective high intrinsic activity @entity750 @entity750 (4) receptor agonist. We assessed effects of Velusetrag on gastrointestinal transit and compared its pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers (HV) and chronic @entity1142 (CC) @entity1 . Sixty HV were randomly assigned, double-blind to placebo, 5, 15, 30 or 50 mg Velusetrag (single and 6-day dosing). Primary endpoints were colonic transit (geometric centre at 24 h, GC24) and ascending colon emptying (ACE) T(1/2) after first dose. Secondary endpoints included gastric emptying (GE) T(1/2) and @entity694 at 6 h ( @entity14648 ). Single dose Velusetrag significantly accelerated GC24, ACE T(1/2), and @entity14648 ; 30 and 50 mg Velusetrag accelerated all three endpoints. With multiple doses, Velusetrag 30 mg accelerated GC24, and overall accelerated GE T(1/2) at 15-50 mg. Pharmacokinetics studies showed dose proportionality in health, and no significant differences between health and chronic @entity1142 with a 15 mg oral dose of Velusetrag. Stimulation of bowel function after15 mg Velusetrag was similar in CC and controls. There were no serious adverse events; notable adverse events were the predictable gastrointestinal effects such as @entity294 or altered bowel movements. Velusetrag significantly accelerated intestinal and colonic transit after single dosing and accelerated gastric emptying after multiple dosing. Further studies of its potential as a gastrointestinal and colonic prokinetic are warranted.

title: Effects of Velusetrag ( @entity28176 ) on gastrointestinal transit and bowel function in health and pharmacokinetics in health and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic filling']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: Altered expressions of receptor for advanced glycation end-products ( @entity5764 ) and its ligand ( @entity7966 ) are observed in many @entity5 and play a key role in inflammation-associated @entity5 . In our previous study, by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry, the expression of @entity7966 protein was found to increase in @entity5 compared with adjacent normal cervical tissues. Therefore, in the present study we observed the expressions of @entity7966 and @entity5764 in 30 @entity102 , 50 @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ), and 40 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using immunohistochemical analysis and analyzed the differential expression and possible role of @entity7966 and @entity5764 in @entity5 development. Immunohistochemical findings were as follows: the expressions of @entity7966 and @entity5764 were demonstrated in @entity102 , @entity3146 , and @entity5 . Moreover, their expressions were gradually increasing as the @entity5 progressed. In @entity5 , the staining scores of @entity7966 and @entity5764 were significantly higher in well-differentiated @entity5 compared to moderately and poorly differentiated @entity5 . The expression of @entity7966 in epithelial cells exhibited a positive correlation to @entity5764 expression in @entity102 , @entity3146 , and @entity5 . There were no significant difference of @entity7966 immunoreactivity in stromal cells among @entity102 , @entity3146 , and @entity5 . Moreover, there was no correlation between @entity7966 immunoreactivity in stromal cells of @entity5 and clinicopathological parameters. Finally, double immunohistochemistry illustrated that @entity5764 and @entity7966 co-express in @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity5764 binds its ligand ( @entity7966 ), which plays an important role in the development of @entity5 . In addition, the expressions of @entity7966 and @entity5764 in @entity5 @entity5 cells were closely associated with histological differentiation.

title: Immunohistochemical expression of XXXX and its ligand ( @entity7966 ) in cervical lesions.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'SCC', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'squamous cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity5764 :: (101669765,Gene) :: ['RAGE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 is one of the key factors causing @entity65 which make up the most frequent cause of @entity204 in industrialised nations. However about 60% of @entity101 @entity1 in Germany treated with antihypertensives do not reach the recommended target blood pressure. The involvement of @entity1 in medical decision making fulfils not only an ethical imperative but, furthermore, has the potential of higher treatment success. One concept to enhance the active role of @entity1 is shared decision making. Until now there exists little information on the effects of shared decision making trainings for general practitioners on @entity1 participation and on lowering blood pressure in @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS/DESIGN: In a cluster-randomised controlled trial 1800 patients receiving antihypertensives will be screened with 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in their general practitioners' practices. Only @entity1 who have not reached their blood pressure target (approximately 1200) will remain in the study (T1 - T3). General practitioners of the intervention group will take part in a shared decision making-training after baseline assessment (T0). General practitioners of the control group will treat their @entity1 as usual. Primary endpoints are change of systolic blood pressure and change of @entity1 ' perceived participation. Secondary endpoints are changes of diastolic blood pressure, knowledge, medical adherence and cardiovascular risk. Data analysis will be performed with mixed effects models. DISCUSSION: The hypothesis underlying this study is that shared decision making, realised by a shared decision making training for general practitioners, activates @entity1 , facilitates @entity1 ' empowerment and contributes to a better @entity101 control. This study is the first one that tests this hypothesis with a (cluster-) randomised trial and a large sample size.

title: Implementation of shared decision making by physician training to optimise XXXX treatment. Study protocol of a cluster-RCT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-invasive measures of @entity5 vascular perfusion are desirable, in order to assess response to vascular targeting (or modifying) therapies. In this study, hepatic arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was investigated to measure acute changes in perfusion of @entity14 in the liver, in response to vascular disruption therapy with @entity10192 . METHODS: SW1222 and @entity5 were established in the liver of @entity3571 nu/nu @entity19 via intrasplenic injection. Perfusion and R2(*) MRI measurements were acquired with an Agilent 9.4T horizontal bore scanner, before and at 90   min after 40   mg   kg(-1) @entity10192 . RESULTS: A significant decrease in SW1222 @entity5 perfusion was observed (-43  33%, P<0.005). @entity5 had a significantly lower baseline level of perfusion. Intrinsic susceptibility MRI showed a significant increase in R2(*) in @entity5 (28  25%, P<0.05). An association was found between the change in @entity5 perfusion and the proximity to large vessels, with pre-treatment blood flow predictive of subsequent response. Histological evaluation confirmed the onset of @entity39 and evidence of heterogeneous response between @entity5 deposits. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic ASL-MRI can detect acute response to targeted @entity5 vascular disruption entirely non-invasively. @entity96 has potential for use in a clinical setting.

title: XXXX perfusion measured non-invasively with arterial spin labelling.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['LS174T tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic ASL of liver tumours']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['Acute changes in liver tumour']


abstract: AIM: To find if @entity2445 exerts a sensitizing effect on the cholinergic receptors of gastric smooth muscles, and study some of the mechanisms inducing it and measure the relative intensity of @entity2445 's effects on contractile activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Isometric recording of the mechanical activity of gastric smooth muscle preparations; determination of @entity16374 -cholinesterase activity in smooth-muscle tissue homogenates using Ellman's method. RESULTS: We found that the threshold concentration for @entity2445 not reducing the acetylcholinesterase activity and not having an effect on the smooth muscle preparations was 1 x 10(-8) mol/l. This concentration, however, significantly increased the @entity934 -induced @entity2472 compared with the controls, after the smooth-muscle tissue was incubated for 60 or 100 min. Treating smooth-muscle preparations with @entity2445 in a concentration of 5 x 10(-6) mol/l triggered a @entity2472 induced by the drug's anti-cholinesterase activity. A secondary @entity2472 was induced after 38.6 +/- 5.6 min. There was no secondary @entity2472 after the control @entity934 -induced effect. @entity3897 (1 x 10(-6) mol/l) inhibits this effect. Preliminary treatment of smooth muscle preparations with @entity4033 (1 x 10(-6) mol/l) did not change significantly the intensity of the first phase of @entity2445 -induced @entity2472 and shifted in time the appearance of the second contractile phase. CONCLUSION: @entity2445 has a sensitizing effect on M-cholinergic receptors; it occurs after a long incubation of the gastric smooth muscles with the drug and is manifested as a secondary @entity2472 which is shifted in time and is significantly inhibited by @entity3897 .

title: Sensitizing effect of XXXX on M-cholinergic receptors in gastric smooth muscle of rats.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity2445 :: ('MESH:D013619', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrine', 'Tacrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contraction']

answer: @entity2445 :: (MESH:D013619,Chemical) :: ['tacrine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to describe the clinical features, manometric findings, prevalence and incidence of @entity1318 in Singapore. METHODS: A total of 615 new @entity1 referred for oesophageal manometry between 1989 and 1996 were examined prospectively. Twenty-four @entity1 and 25 @entity1 fulfilled the manometric and clinical criteria for @entity1318 . RESULTS: Their median age of onset of symptoms was 37 years (range 15-71) and 37% first developed symptoms after the age of 50 years. The presenting symptoms were @entity1282 (100%), regurgitation (80%), @entity353 (67%) and chest discomfort (33%). Five @entity1 (10%) had a history of benign (mostly autoimmune) @entity1374 . Endoscopy was reported as normal in 10/43 @entity1 (23%) and @entity1318 was suggested in only 31 (72%) of 43 barium examinations. Lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) dysfunction was present in 82% of cases. Using data from medical records and from a survey of gastroenterologists and surgeons in Singapore, the prevalence (in 1996) and incidence of @entity1318 in Singapore were estimated to be 1.8 per 100000, and 0.3 per 100000 per year, respectively. The incidence was significantly lower in Malays than Chinese or Indians. The age-specific incidence of @entity1318 for both genders followed a bimodal distribution with the larger peak in the sixth decade. No cases of @entity189 were identified among these @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1318 is an uncommon condition in Singapore. The clinical and manometric features were similar to those described in Western countries.

title: A prospective study of the clinical features, manometric findings, incidence and prevalence of XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'Achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disorders']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature, treatment and outcome of @entity1576 in @entity1 with 2009 influenza A @entity281 in @entity3124 adults. METHODS: A prospective observational study of 18 @entity1 with @entity1576 suffering from 2009 influenza A @entity281 admitted between November 22, 2009 and January 16, 2010. Their clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity1576 occurred in 18 @entity1 with confirmed (n=9) or probable (n=9) 2009 influenza A H1N1. Among the 18 @entity1 8 @entity1 were male, 10 @entity1 were female (7 were pregnant or postpartum). Eight @entity1 had pre-existing medical conditions. Twelve @entity1 were between 20 and 40 years of age, the mean age was 37.1 years. Three were @entity28 with body mass index over 30 kg/m (2). The 28-day mortality was 33.3% (6/18) with 1 additional late death. The median duration from the onset of the illness to hospital admission was 4.1 days (1-5 days) and from the onset to first dose of @entity684 was 5.5 days (2-12 days), from onset to mechanical ventilation initiation was 6.8 days (4-12 days). Seventeen @entity1 had primary @entity5131 and 1 @entity1 had an @entity565 exacerbation and 3 @entity1 experienced @entity881 ( @entity881 ). Twelve @entity1 received corticosteroids, 10 @entity1 required vasopressors. All @entity1 were mechanically ventilated, 1 @entity1 underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). @entity1 who died had higher acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score compared to survivors (29.2 + or - 7.3 vs. 18.6 + or - 6.4, P=0.02). All deceased @entity1 received high-level ventilation settings [peak inspiratory pressure > or = 35 cm @entity2507 (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) and positive end-expiratory pressure > or = 18 cm @entity2507 ] within the first 7 days of ventilation, and the @entity519 [oxygenation index < or = 60 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)] lasted 24 hours. In contrast only 1 among survivors did (9.1% vs. 100.0%, P<0.01). Compared with survivors, @entity810 and @entity11283 occurred more frequently in non-survivors (42.9% vs. 27.3%, 28.6% vs. 9.1%, both P<0.05). Whereas all deceased @entity1 received vasopressors, only 4 survivors required vasopressor support (100.0% vs. 36.4%, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Severe acute @entity649 is the most common manifestation in @entity3124 @entity1 with 2009 influenza A @entity281 in adult. Failure to obtain satisfactory oxygenation with high-level ventilation settings within the first 7-days, onset of @entity810 and @entity11283 , and continuous need for vasopressors portend a poor prognosis.

title: [Eighteen cases of 2009 influenza A H1N1 associated with XXXX in adults].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5131 :: ('MESH:D011024', 'Disease') :: ['viral pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'Respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ dysfunction syndrome', 'MODS']

entities_list: @entity11283 :: ('MESH:D001469', 'Disease') :: ['barotrauma']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory failure']


abstract: The intention of this study was to characterize @entity2178 -forming angiotensinogenases (AIFAs) in @entity35 extrarenal arterial walls and to clarify whether these enzymes are also present in the kidney. A further aim was to identify AIFAs in @entity1 vasculature and to establish whether they are affected in essential @entity101 . @entity35 and vascular sections of @entity1 undergoing corrective surgery were studied. Enzyme kinetic assays were performed using @entity2178 radioimmunoassay and purified natural angiotensinogens. Fast protein liquid chromatography was employed for biochemical characterization. A series of AIFAs with various isoelectric points, molecular weights and pH optima was detected in @entity35 extrarenal vascular and, with differing distributions of enzyme activities, in renal tissues. In extrarenal arteries the main form of renal @entity916 was present with a relatively low activity only. AIFAs were also demonstrable in @entity1 extrarenal vasculature and behaved like plasma @entity916 in essential @entity101 . The results indicate the existence of an intrinsic @entity1 vascular RAS in extrarenal (and renal) arteries. Extrarenal arterial AIFAs are not generally stimulated in essential @entity101 , as previously postulated.

title: XXXX -forming angiotensinogenases in extrarenal vasculature and in the kidney.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin I']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3866 is highly active in @entity470 mutant NSCLC, but may benefit some with wild-type @entity5 . We examined pre-operative @entity3866 in early stage NSCLC to assess response and correlation with potential biomarkers. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were enrolled; 22 received @entity3866 treatment and were evaluable (median follow-up 4.4 years). Histology was predominantly @entity420 although 31% had @entity957 . PET response was observed in 2 @entity1 (9%), both with @entity957 . Most (20/22) had stable disease (RECIST), with frequent minor radiographic regression and histologic findings of @entity82 / @entity39 including in squamous histology. Only two had @entity470 mutations identified, one with minor radiographic response and the other stable disease after 4 weeks of @entity470 TKI. High pre-treatment serum levels of @entity7790 correlated with primary resistance to @entity3866 (p = 0.02), whereas high post-treatment soluble @entity470 levels correlated with response (p = 0.03). @entity470 , @entity983 , @entity1916 and @entity14029 expression did not correlate with @entity5 response. METHODS: Clinical stage IA-IIB NSCLC @entity1 received @entity3866 150 mg daily for 4 weeks followed by resection. @entity5 response was assessed using CT, PET and pathological response. @entity5 genotype was established using Sequenom Mass ARRAY; @entity470 , @entity983 , @entity1916 and @entity14029 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry, circulating markers of @entity470 activation ( @entity7790 , @entity1915 , epiregulin, @entity470 ECD) by ELISA and @entity470 , MET copy number by FISH. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3866 appears to demonstrate activity in @entity470 wild-type @entity5 including @entity957 . Further research is needed to characterize those wild-type @entity1 that may benefit from @entity470 TKI and predictive biomarkers including @entity7790 , @entity470 copy and others.

title: A window of opportunity study of potential XXXX and soluble biomarkers of response to preoperative @entity3866 in early stage non-small cell lung cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib', 'Erlotinib']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: From April 1982 to December 1987, 71 @entity1 with @entity151 entered a randomized clinical trial, and underwent bone marrow biopsy (BMB) as part of staging procedures. We identified 8 @entity1 (11%) with bone marrow @entity3 , 6 with @entity66 independently of BMB, and 2 with @entity66 on the basis of the BMB only. BMB determined a change in the stage in only 3% (2/71) of the cases. No differences were found in the hematological parameters of the @entity1 with or without bone marrow @entity3 . The median survival of the @entity1 with @entity236 was the same (41 weeks) as those with @entity66 but without @entity236 . We conclude that unilateral BMB without aspiration detects a substantial proportion of bone marrow @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity66 . This fact does not worsen the prognosis. A small proportion of @entity1 with apparently limited disease has @entity236 . The technique therefore contributes, to a small extent, to the definition of the clinical stage of the disease. However, @entity236 is an important data of natural history, and therefore new methods to better assess this peculiar site of the disease are needed.

title: Bone marrow biopsy in the staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['extensive disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow involvement']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity250 is a common and distressing consequence of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) treatment. In the present study, we investigated the sexual functioning of @entity0 @entity1 and its association with @entity1 's personal characteristics and @entity5 treatments. In this cross-sectional study, sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and its breast module BR-23. Of the 235 @entity1 approached, 216 @entity1 were included in the study. Of these, 63 @entity1 reported no sexual activity in the last month and thus were analyzed only in relation to the sexual desire domain of FSFI. A total of 154 (71.3  %) @entity1 were classified with @entity458 ( @entity458 ). From those @entity1 reporting sexual activity in the last month, 63.3  % (97 out of 153) were classified with @entity250 . Using hierarchical logistic regression, the variance explained (change in R (2)) by the addition of body mass index (BMI) and mild to moderate physical activity in the prediction models of @entity250 and @entity458 were 6.8 and 7.2  %, respectively. Age, BMI, and physical activity were independently associated with @entity250 and @entity458 . Additionally, @entity0 @entity1 with @entity250 reported lower scores on global HRQOL, role functioning, and fatigue. Based on our findings, @entity0 survivors should be encouraged to practice regular physical activity and to lose weight in order to avoid @entity250 . However, future clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Associations of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity With XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['HSDD', 'hypoactive sexual desire disorder']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual Dysfunction']


abstract: Measurements were made of the electrophysiological and @entity268 response to changes in extracellular [ @entity141 ] and to hormone application in a bone cell clone. Both transient and long-term electrophysiological responses were studied. An increase in extracellular [ @entity141 ] usually resulted in a transient hyperpolarization of about 60-sec duration. In addition, increases in extracellular [ @entity141 ] from 0.9 to 1.8 mM and from 1.8 to 3.6 mM resulted in long-term hyperpolarization and increased potential fluctuations. Increasing bathing [ @entity141 ] until the membrane potential reached the K+ equilibrium level resulted in a significant decrease in fluctuations. Addition to the bathing medium of @entity4807 , a putative blocker of the @entity141 -dependent K+ channel, resulted in long-term depolarization of the mean membrane potential, and a long-term decrease in potential fluctuations. Addition of @entity1025 , a mild antagonist of @entity141 entry into the cell, produced transient depolarization and reduction of potential fluctuations. These effects suggest that the potential fluctuations reflect cytoplasmic [ @entity141 ] fluctuations via @entity141 -dependent K+ membrane channels. Under an extracellular [ @entity141 ] of 1.8 mM, the application of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity3044 , and parathyroid hormone produced no significant effect on mean membrane potential or on the sustained potential fluctuations, but @entity1421 did significantly raise intracellular @entity268 . Under an increased bathing [ @entity141 ], significant changes in mean potential and fluctuations did occur in response to @entity1421 , but not in response to the other hormones, while the @entity1421 effect on @entity268 was not greatly changed. Hyperpolarizing transients of about 30-sec duration occurred in response to all of the hormones, particularly at an extracellular [ @entity141 ] of 3.6 mM. Thus, there are both transient and long-term electrophysiological responses to hormone application, with only the long-term response correlated with the production of @entity268 . These electrophysiological responses may represent separate transient and long-term @entity460 transport responses to hormone application.

title: Transient and sustained effects of hormones and XXXX on membrane potential in a bone cell clone.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Twenty-two histologically confirmed cases of @entity14495 (C.C.S.) seen over a sixteen year period, are retrospectively analysed from a clinico-pathological view-point. The @entity5 occurred in young adults, average 36 years. Males predominated, and the lower extremity particularly the thigh and foot were the most commonly involved. Grossly, a connection with aponeurosis and tendon sheath has not been recorded consistently. Microscopically the @entity5 was distinctive, with their short fascicles and nests of polygonal to fusiform cells. The "clear" cytoplasm stressed in it's very name was not the rule. Melanin was demonstrated in 7 of the 22 cases, i.e. 32%, and these @entity1 did not behave any differently from those where pigment was not seen. Immunocytochemistry for @entity4483 protein was done in 14 cases and was positive in 13 cases. Follow-up information revealed that 11 @entity1 were dead of advanced disease in an average period of 24 months. Two @entity1 were alive with disease for an average period of 3 years 7 months. Only 4 @entity1 had no evidence of disease for periods ranging from 6 months to 26 months. @entity3 to nodes was a very frequent event, but lung and bony @entity3 has also been documented.

title: XXXX . An experience of 22 cases seen over 16 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14495 :: ('MESH:D018227', 'Disease') :: ['Clear Cell Sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity14495 :: (MESH:D018227,Disease) :: ['Clear cell sarcomas of the tendon sheath']


abstract: Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genetech/Roche) is an anti-angiogenic drug approved for treating @entity1 with @entity11 that reduces @entity4 and mass effect, but has been suggested to promote multifocal @entity5 spread within the brain. @entity1 with systemic @entity5 are also treated with bevacizumab, but there is limited information regarding effects of the drug on the neuroimaging or neuropathological features of metastatic @entity149 . We report 2 @entity1 with @entity1149 who had received bevacizumab for their systemic @entity5 and then developed @entity73 consistent with @entity62 . Diagnosis of @entity3909 ( @entity3909 ) was confounded and delayed by the finding of atypical neuroimaging features, including minimal to absent leptomeningeal enhancement and unusual perivascular and punctate @entity548 and multifocal @entity854 suspicious for @entity1333 or @entity6249 . Neuropathological assessment confirmed @entity3909 but, in the autopsy case also disclosed extraordinary perivascular spread of individual metastatic @entity5 cells to the depth of capillaries. The pattern was reminiscent of vascular "cooption" by @entity5 seen in experimental animals in preclinical trials of bevacizumab. Small @entity1188 were associated with @entity5 and @entity455 , unusual features of @entity3909 in @entity1 who do not receive bevacizumab. In the biopsied @entity1 , multiple @entity5 nodules were identified in superficial cortex. In these two @entity1 , bevacizumab appeared to alter neuroimaging characteristics of @entity3909 , confounded diagnosis and possibly also influenced the pattern of @entity5 spread of @entity3909 . More cases will need to be studied to confirm this latter finding.

title: The imaging and neuropathological effects of Bevacizumab (Avastin) in XXXX with @entity3909 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'perivascular tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'LC']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subgyral signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2867 ( @entity2867 ) is among the most aggressive @entity1 @entity5 . It is associated with a high rate of local recurrence and with poor prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 44 consecutive @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2010 at Leon @entity5 Centre, Lyon, France. The combined treatment strategy derived from the one developed at the Institut Gustave Roussy included total thyroidectomy and cervical lymph-node dissection, when feasible, combined with 2 cycles of @entity632 (60 mg/m2) and @entity900 (100 mg/m2) Q3W, hyperfractionated (1.2 Gy twice daily) radiation to the neck and upper mediastinum (46-50 Gy), and then four cycles of @entity632 - @entity900 . RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 received the three-phase combined treatment. Complete response after treatment was achieved in 14/44 @entity1 (31.8%). Eight @entity1 had a partial response (18.2%). Twenty-two (50%) had progressive disease. All @entity1 with @entity3 at diagnosis died shortly afterwards. Thirteen @entity1 are still alive. The median survival of the entire population was 8 months. CONCLUSION: Despite the ultimately dismal prognosis of @entity2867 , multimodality treatment significantly improves local control and appears to afford long-term survival in some @entity1 . There is active ongoing research, and results obtained with new targeted systemic treatment appear encouraging.

title: Results of combined treatment of @entity2867 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Berard Cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity2867 :: (MESH:D065646,Disease) :: ['ATC']


abstract: AIM: To identify the feasibility of the narrow-band imaging (NBI) method compared with that of conventional colonoscopy and chromoendoscopy for distinguishing neoplastic and nonneoplastic @entity1586 . METHOD: This study enrolled consecutive @entity1 who underwent colonoscopy using a conventional colonoscope between January and February 2006 at Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taiwan. These 78 @entity1 had 110 @entity1127 . During the procedure, conventional colonoscopy first detected lesions, and then the NBI system was used to examine the capillary networks. Thereafter indigo carmine (0.2%) was sprayed directly on the mucosa surface prior to evaluating the crypts using a conventional colonoscope. The pit patterns were characterized using the classification system proposed by Kudo. Finally, a polypectomy or biopsy was performed for histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 110 @entity1127 , 65 were @entity652 , 40 were @entity1127 , and five were @entity420 . The NBI system and pit patterns for all lesions were analyzed. For differential diagnosis of neoplastic ( @entity652 and @entity420 ) and nonneoplastic (hyperplastic) @entity1127 , the sensitivity of the conventional colonoscope for detecting @entity1127 was 82.9%, specificity was 80.0% and diagnostic accuracy was 81.8%, significantly lower than those achieved with the NBI system (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 87.5%, accuracy 92.7%) and chromoendoscopy (sensitivity 95.7%, specificity 87.5%, accuracy 92.7%). Therefore, no significant difference existed between the NBI system and chromoendoscopy during differential diagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic @entity1127 . CONCLUSION: The NBI system identified morphological details that correlate well with polyp histology by chromoendoscopy.

title: Comparative study of conventional colonoscopy, chromoendoscopy, and narrow-band imaging systems in differential diagnosis of neoplastic and nonneoplastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal polyps', 'polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps', 'neoplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity1586 :: (MESH:D003111,Disease) :: ['colonic polyps']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare urodynamic characteristics in @entity1 with @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) with those of an age matched cohort with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ). Secondly, to determine whether urodynamic features could help distinguish these two groups of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Urodynamic data was collected on 58 female @entity1 ; 29 with @entity2182 and 29 with @entity6 and @entity2182 . Eight urodynamic parameters were selected for analysis: amplitude of the first overactive contraction (AOFC), the volume at the first contraction, cystometric capacity, maximal detrusor pressure, maximal flow rate, voiding pressure at maximal flow, voided volume and postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume. Finally, sensitivity analysis for distinguishing urodynamic parameters between studied groups was performed. RESULTS: AOFC, volume at AOFC and maximal detrusor pressure were statistically greater in @entity6 @entity1 , compared with the non- @entity6 group of @entity1 (16.00 cm @entity2507 versus 9.00 cm @entity2507 , 309.00 mL versus 167.00 mL and 76.48 cm @entity2507 versus 55.41 cm @entity2507 respectively). A specificity of 72.41% and positive predictive value of 71.43% were achieved for AOFC with cutoff value of 12 cm @entity2507 . These parameters were further improved with cutoff value of 258 mL for volume at AOFC and were 75.86% and 73.08% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Certain urodynamic parameters in @entity6 female @entity1 with @entity2182 are shown to be significantly different than those in @entity1 with @entity2182 . Further prospective study should provide additional information about the pathogenesis and progression of @entity2182 in @entity6 @entity1 as well as the validity of @entity6 screening in @entity1 with @entity2182 .

title: Detrusor overactivity in @entity6 and non- @entity6 XXXX : is there a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor overactivity', 'IDO', 'idiopathic detrusor overactivity', 'DO']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Defensins are generally implicated in the quick resistance of epithelial surfaces to microbials; however, recent reports have indicated that defensins also have unknown purposes in relation to noninfectious diseases. In this study, the localization patterns of anti-microbial peptides, b defensins (BDs), in the tracheal epithelium of male C3H @entity19 under exposure to @entity8336 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. @entity19 were exposed one to ten times to @entity8336 for 30 min by nose-only inhalation. Expression of BDs was revealed by immunohistochemistry in serial sections of @entity825 after the final exposure. Expression of @entity30610 was usually observed at almost the same levels in all exposure groups, and expression of @entity30611 was observed in the control group; however, the signals for @entity30611 decreased gradually with frequency of exposure. In the group exposed ten times, expression of @entity30611 decreased to far lower than that of the control group. No expression of @entity30612 was detected in any groups. Interestingly, expression of @entity30613 increased to the maximum in the group exposed four times and decreased to a level lower than that of the control in the group exposed ten times. The results of the present study indicated that @entity8336 gas might change the expression pattern of BDs in the tracheal epithelial cells. The oscillation of expression of @entity30613 was quite characteristic and might contribute to morphological damage in on the epithelial cells.

title: XXXX Exposure Leads to a Change in Expression Patterns of b Defensins in the @entity19 Tracheal Epithelium.

answer: @entity8336 :: (MESH:D014050,Chemical) :: ['Toluene']


abstract: Temporal artery biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of @entity226 ( @entity226 ). The aim of the study was to determine whether ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) findings are useful in predicting the result (positive or negative) of temporal artery biopsy in @entity1 with @entity226 . Sixteen consecutive @entity1 (ten @entity1 and six @entity1 ) with clinical diagnosis of @entity226 seen at the Ophthalmology Unit, S. Marta Hospital, Catania University, were included in the study. All @entity1 were submitted to UBM (50-MHz transducer, @entity19360 Plus Paradigm Medical Instruments, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) before temporal artery biopsy. The results were correlated with histopathologic changes. Seven @entity1 presented histopathologic findings consistent with the diagnosis of @entity226 . Thus, UBM findings of these @entity1 were compared with those of the nine @entity1 with negative biopsy. On UBM, we searched for the presence of a hypoechoic effect surrounding the walls of temporal arteries, so-called halo sign, as well as for the intra-arterial middle reflexive filling, so-called intra-arterial filling. The halo sign and intra-arterial filling were found in all seven (100%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity226 . However, in five (55.5%) @entity1 , the absence of these two parameters on UBM of @entity1 with suspected @entity226 strongly suggested that temporal artery biopsy would be negative (negative predictive value, 100%). On the other hand, four (44.5%) of nine @entity1 with negative biopsy presented one of these two UBM findings. In conclusion, this preliminary work suggested UBM to be an appropriate noninvasive tool for morphological imaging and evaluation of temporal arteries, helpful in obtaining an indication of the side and segment for biopsy, and may play a role in predicting negative result of temporal artery biopsy in @entity1 with @entity226 ; however, for the time being we cannot recommend any change in the current practice.

title: The role of ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['temporal arteritis', 'TA']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['temporal arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biomechanical comparison between locked plating and retrograde nailing of supracondylar femur @entity174 with simulated postoperative weight-bearing. METHODS: The @entity1688 ( @entity1688 ) and Retrograde/Antegrade EX Femoral Nail (RAFN) were tested using 10 paired elderly cadaveric femurs, divided into Normal and Low @entity79 ( @entity79 ) groups, with a simulated AO/OTA type 33-A3 supracondylar femur @entity174 . Each specimen was subjected to 200,000 loading cycles in an attempt to simulate six weeks of postoperative recovery with full weight-bearing for an average individual. The construct's subsidence due to cyclic loading, and axial stiffness before and after the cyclic loading were measured and their correlation with @entity79 was studied. The two implants were compared in a paired study within each @entity79 group. RESULTS: @entity1688 constructs showed higher axial stiffness compared to RAFN for both Normal and Low @entity79 groups (80% and 57%, respectively). After cyclic loading, axial stiffness of both constructs decreased by 20% and RAFN constructs resulted in twice as much subsidence (1.9    0.6mm). Two RAFN constructs with Low @entity79 failed after a few cycles whereas the matched pairs fixed with @entity1688 failed after 70,000 cycles. CONCLUSIONS: The RAFN constructs experienced greater subsidence and reduced axial stiffness compared to the @entity1688 constructs. In Low @entity79 specimens, the RAFN constructs had a higher risk of failure.

title: Biomechanical comparison of locked plating and spiral blade retrograde nailing of supracondylar femur XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['BMD', 'Bone Mineral Density']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['Locking Condylar Plate', 'LCP']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture on @entity295 and explore its mechanism. METHODS: Fifty cases were randomized into an observation group (26 cases) and a control group (24 cases). The therapeutic programs of anti- @entity281 , anti-shock, respiratory support and nutritional support were provided, but the drugs that might affect gastrointestinal motility were not prescribed in two groups. In the observation group, on the basic treatment as above, electroacupuncture was applied to Zusanli (ST 36), Tianshu (ST 25), Shangjuxu (ST 37), Xiajuxu (ST 39). The excretion ratio of lactulose to @entity2656 (L/M) in urine and serum @entity23599 level were detected before and after treatment, as well as the time of target feeding of the @entity1 in two groups. The efficacy was compared between two groups. RESULTS: After treatment for 3 days, L/M was (0.083 +/- 0.020) and serum @entity23599 was (0.155 +/- 0.196) mmol/L in the observation group, which were apparently reduced as compared with (0.123 +/- 0.034) and (0.193 +/- 0.377) mmol/L in the control group respectively (both P < 0.05). The time of target feeding was (93.69 +/- 27.58) h in the observation group, which was shortened apparently than (118.17 +/- 40.28) h in the control group (P < 0.05). The total effective rate was 80.8% (21/26) in the observation group, which was better than 54.2% (13/24) in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Conventional treatment combined with electroacupuncture can improve intestinal permeability in @entity295 @entity1 , recover intestinal function as quickly as possible to achieve target feeding.

title: [Impacts of electroacupuncture on intestinal permeability in XXXX @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity23599 :: ('CHEBI:42111', 'Chemical') :: ['D-lactic acid']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment failure during venom immunotherapy (VIT) may be associated with a variety of risk factors. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the association of baseline serum tryptase concentration (BTC) and of other parameters with the frequency of VIT failure during the maintenance phase. METHODS: In this observational prospective multicenter study, we followed 357 @entity1 with established @entity5157 or vespid venom @entity566 after the maintenance dose of VIT had been reached. In all @entity1 , VIT effectiveness was either verified by sting challenge (n=154) or @entity1 self-reporting of the outcome of a field sting (n=203). Data were collected on BTC, age, gender, preventive use of anti- @entity56 drugs (oral antihistamines and/or corticosteroids) right after a field sting, venom dose, antihypertensive medication, type of venom, side effects during VIT, severity of index sting reaction preceding VIT, and duration of VIT. Relative rates were calculated with generalized additive models. RESULTS: 22 @entity1 (6.2%) developed generalized symptoms during sting challenge or after a field sting. A strong association between the frequency of VIT failure and BTC could be excluded. Due to wide confidence bands, however, weaker effects (odds ratios <3) of BTC were still possible, and were also suggested by a selective analysis of @entity1 who had a sting challenge. The most important factor associated with VIT failure was a @entity5157 venom @entity566 . Preventive use of anti- @entity56 drugs may be associated with a higher protection rate. INTERPRETATION: It is unlikely that an elevated BTC has a strong negative effect on the rate of treatment failures. The magnitude of the latter, however, may depend on the method of effectiveness assessment. Failure rate is higher in @entity1 suffering from @entity5157 venom @entity566 .

title: Clinical effectiveness of hymenoptera venom immunotherapy: a prospective observational multicenter study of the European academy of allergology and clinical immunology interest group on insect venom XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity']


abstract: @entity1823 are highly vascular and predominantly benign neoplasms that have traditionally been treated by surgery, embolization and/or external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The aim of this study is to evaluate the short-term @entity5 control and safety of CyberKnife radiosurgery for these lesions. Nine @entity1 , eight with @entity1823 and one with a carotid @entity10470 , were treated. The target contouring was performed on merged CT and MR images. Eight @entity1 were treated with doses ranging from 11 to 13 Gy (mean 12.5 Gy) in a single fraction and one with 24 Gy in three fractions prescribed to 72-83% isodose line. The mean follow-up was 20 months. One @entity1 died from unrelated causes. There were no local recurrences. All eight @entity1 also demonstrated neurological stability or improvement. Neither @entity129 have arisen, nor has deterioration beyond baseline been observed. In conclusion, CyberKnife radiosurgery appears to be both safe and effective in the treatment of skull base @entity1823 . Determining whether long-term complications will arise will require further investigation.

title: XXXX of head and neck: a treatment option with CyberKnife radiosurgery.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['Paragangliomas', 'jugular glomus paragangliomas', 'paragangliomas']

entities_list: @entity10470 :: ('MESH:D002345', 'Disease') :: ['body paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Paragangliomas']


abstract: A second @entity5 has been found to be more frequent than might be expected from the general population rates. Therapy-related @entity2590 and @entity3052 are dreaded long-term complications of five cases of @entity1583 following treatment for successful @entity0 therapy (therapeutic drugs or radiotherapy). We encountered @entity189 from north India over a 7-year period from 1999 to 2005. The @entity1 presented 2-5 years after treatment of @entity0 . Three @entity1 underwent surgery and received chemoradiotherapy. One @entity1 received chemotherapy after surgery. One @entity1 underwent only surgery and after 3 years presented with @entity3052 and @entity236 of @entity0 . At the time of presentation, all the @entity1 had either bicytopenia or @entity3043 . A close follow-up with complete blood cell counts of the @entity1 who previously had @entity0 is suggested for early detection of @entity1503 . However, the poor prognosis, limited financial resources and poor health insurance coverage results in few @entity1 and their family members opting for treatment.

title: @entity3052 as a sequelae of XXXX breast: a report of five cases from north India.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Basal-like @entity0 (BLBC) is characterized by aggressive behaviour; its genesis is the perturbation of DNA repair as a consequence of @entity5345 methylation or mutation. We comparatively evaluated alterations of DNA repair proteins and @entity876 between BLBC and non-BLBC cases. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tumour sections from 104 BLBC and 89 non-BLBC @entity1 were immunostained for @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity8724 , @entity5345 and @entity876 . Methylation status of DNA repair genes was analysed by methylation-specific PCR, and @entity876 mutation was examined by direct sequencing. Immunoreactive levels of @entity6756 and @entity8724 were lower in BLBC, whereas the levels of @entity4311 and @entity876 were higher, compared to non-BLBC (P  <= 0.014). Reduced expression of @entity6756 [hazard ratio (HR) 5.26, P = 0.001] and preserved expression of @entity8724 (HR 2.58, P = 0.039) proved to be independent predictors of poor survival in BLBC @entity1 . DNA repair genes were methylated in approximately 20-40% of BLBCs without a significant relationship between their methylation and @entity876 mutation. @entity5345 methylation was associated with the loss of its protein expression (P = 0.004). @entity8724 methylation was linked to larger @entity5 size (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Perturbations of the DNA repair system might be different between BLBC and non-BLBC. Alterations of @entity6756 and @entity8724 appear important for @entity5 progression and survival in BLBC @entity1 .

title: Protein expression and methylation of DNA repair genes @entity6756 , @entity4311 , @entity8724 and XXXX and their correlation with clinicopathological parameters and @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5345 :: (672,Gene) :: ['BRCA1']


abstract: @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) is a fatal @entity74 ; @entity1 with @entity1577 have an average lifespan of 30 years. By cleaving neutrophil-derived DNA, @entity8118 (recombinant @entity1 @entity8118 ) decreases the adhesiveness and visco-elasticity of sputum in the infected lungs of @entity1 with @entity1577 . As a result, respiratory function is improved in @entity1 with all degrees of disease severity, and the relative risk of pulmonary exacerbations is reduced in @entity1 with mild to moderate disease. Resource utilisation (days spent in hospital or receiving parenteral antibiotics) in @entity1 with mild to moderate disease is also reduced by @entity8118 , as evidenced by a placebo-controlled trial in > 900 @entity1 . Cost savings generated by these reductions in resource use during 24 weeks of @entity8118 therapy offset about 17 to 37.5% of the acquisition cost of the drug, depending on local cost data for various countries. Reductions in resource utilisation with @entity8118 have not been observed in @entity1 with severe disease. Available cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses are not fully published. One analysis estimated that the incremental cost of avoiding one hospitalisation was about  Can 15,000 relative to standard therapy after 1 year of treatment. Informal analysis in the UK suggests a cost per quality-adjusted life-year of 25,000 Pounds for @entity8118 . Some quality-of-life (QOL) domains (mainly cough frequency and @entity764 ) have shown modest improvement in @entity1 treated with @entity8118 , mainly those with mild @entity1577 . Persuasive evidence of QOL benefit is lacking in those with more severe disease. Identifying @entity1 most likely to benefit from @entity8118 therapy is essential to maximise clinical and cost benefits. The lack of a demonstrated reduction in resource utilisation in @entity1 with severe @entity1577 makes its use more difficult to justify economically in this group than in those with less severe disease. However, in the absence of other treatments for this group, economic considerations must be weighed against clinical benefits. In conclusion, the acquisition cost of @entity8118 is partially offset by savings gained by reducing resource utilisation in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1577 , and the drug appears to improve quality of life in some @entity1 , mostly those with less severe disease. However, in the absence of guidance from definitive cost-effectiveness analyses, individual healthcare providers must make their own decisions about how best to provide @entity8118 to @entity1 with @entity1577 in a rational and cost-justifiable manner.

title: XXXX . A review of pharmacoeconomic and quality-of-life aspects of its use in cystic fibrosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8118 :: ('1773', 'Gene') :: ['deoxyribonuclease I', 'dornase alfa']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest congestion']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic fibrosis', 'CF']

answer: @entity8118 :: (1773,Gene) :: ['Dornase alfa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are widely performed. Indications for these procedures have been extended in Korea and Japan. The aim was to evaluate whether these extended indications are safe. METHODS: All @entity1 who had surgery for early @entity356 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between May 2003 and December 2007 were identified from a prospective database. Lymph node status was examined in @entity1 who met extended indications for EMR and had undergone surgical resection. RESULTS: Of @entity1 with @entity1697 , 129 met extended indications for EMR or ESD and three (2.3 per cent) had lymph node @entity3 . Of the 52 @entity5 meeting extended indications for EMR or ESD, two (4 per cent) had lymph node @entity3 . Differentiated @entity1697 without @entity1066 formation did not have lymph node @entity3 , irrespective of size. CONCLUSION: Extending the indications for EMR and ESD according to the Japanese @entity356 Association guidelines carries an increased risk of lymph node @entity3 . For @entity5 meeting these criteria, treatment by gastric resection with lymph node dissection should still be considered. A well differentiated @entity1697 of any size without @entity1066 may be considered as an extended indication for EMR or ESD.

title: Safety of extended endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection following the Japanese XXXX Association treatment guidelines.

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal cancer', 'mucosal cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal cancers', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'Gastric Cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long term survival of @entity6371 @entity1 compared to @entity6371 in Henan province in 2010. METHODS: @entity1 were randomly selected in 2010 from a dataset generated by an anti- @entity1906 drug resistance surveillance survey conducted by the @entity378 Control Institute, Henan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention in 2001, supported by the World Health Organization. Information on @entity1 's demographic profile and medical records was extracted by trained doctors and nurses at local anti- @entity1906 dispensaries. Interviews were carried out using questionnaires to collect information on the socioeconomic features and survival status. Bivariate and multivariate with logistic regression were performed for data analysis. RESULTS: The long term outcome of @entity6371 @entity1 was much poorer when compared to @entity6371 @entity1 . The case fatality was much higher among @entity6371 than @entity6371 @entity1 (22.1% vs. 6.7%). The risk factors associated with the poorer outcome would include drug resistance status, disease relapse, hospitalization for treatment and long treatment period. Compared to @entity6371 , the survival time for @entity6371 was much shorter after having had the disease (6.7 years vs. 8.0 years). CONCLUSION: @entity6371 @entity1 had poor long term outcomes. As most of the cured @entity1906 @entity1 were under productive age in the society, the high case fatality rate of @entity6371 would impose big burden on the related family and communities. Findings from this study suggested that the @entity1906 control programs should involve more efforts be paid on @entity6371 control, in order to reduce the burden of the disease.

title: [The long term (9-year) survival of multidrug-resistant @entity378 XXXX compared to non-multidrug-resistant @entity378 @entity1 in Henan province].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity306 has examined recognized pregnancy losses in a general population. Data from an Australian cohort study provide an opportunity to quantify this aspect of fecundity at a population level. METHOD: @entity1 in the Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health who were aged 28-33 years in 2006 (n = 9,145) completed up to 4 mailed surveys over 10 years. @entity1 were categorized according to the recognized outcome of their pregnancies, including live birth, @entity2208 /stillbirth, termination/ectopic, or no pregnancy. RESULTS: At age 18-23, more @entity1 reported terminations (7%) than @entity2208 (4%). By 28-33 years, the cumulative frequency of @entity2208 (15%) was as common as termination (16%). For @entity1 aged 28-33 years who had ever been pregnant (n = 5,343), pregnancy outcomes were as follows: birth only (50%); loss only (18%); and birth and loss (32%), of which half (16%) were birth and @entity2208 . A comparison between first @entity2208 and first birth (no @entity2208 ) showed that most first @entity2208 occurred in @entity1 aged 18-23 years who also reported a first birth at the same survey (15%). Half (51%) of all first births and first @entity2208 in @entity1 aged 18-19 ended in @entity2208 . Early childbearers (<28 years) often had @entity2208 around the same time period as their first live birth, suggesting proactive family formation. Delayed childbearers (32-33 years) had more first births than first @entity2208 . CONCLUSION: Recognized pregnancy losses are an important measure of fecundity in the general population because they indicate successful conception and maintenance of pregnancy to varying reproductive endpoints.

title: Pregnancy losses in young Australian XXXX : findings from the Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity1 's Health.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage', 'miscarriages']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['Little research']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A 78-year-old @entity1 with developmental disturbance of the genital organs and @entity14136 was reported. He also had a high pitched voice, thickness of the lower lip and @entity1513 of the thorax. He seemed to be fretful, but his intelligence was normal. Neurological tests revealed @entity1805 and decreased tendon reflexes. A plain skull radiograph clearly showed an egg shaped calcified mass extending upward from the sella turcica which resembled a ballooning shape. Brain CTs showed a high density round mass which expanded the sella turcica and raised the floor of the third ventricle. The inner part of the @entity5 showed irregular high density. T1-weighted MR imaging revealed an iso signal intensity, and T2 showed low signal intensity in the mass. These findings strongly supported the diagnosis of @entity730 . Endocrinological study showed @entity7961 caused by the @entity5 compressing the @entity4611 . The main reasons why there were no apparent symptoms of @entity4614 were because the receptors were up-regulated and secondarily because the thyroid and the adrenal cortical functions decreased while struggling to maintain balance with each other. There was also a possibility that these symptoms might have been masked by normal aging. Benign monoclonal hypergammopathy was also indicated, although we could not find a clear correlation between this finding and others.

title: [A case of an aged @entity1 suspected of craniopharyngioma with a chief symptom of XXXX accompanied with @entity7961 ].

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcificated craniopharyngioma']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary gland and the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity14136 :: ('MESH:D005058', 'Disease') :: ['eunuchoidism']

answer: @entity14136 :: (MESH:D005058,Disease) :: ['eunuchoidism']


abstract: @entity172 -responsive proliferation in the MCF-7 cell line was used as a bioassay for detection of dietary @entity172 . The bioassay procedure was adapted to screen for estrogenic activity in feedstuffs that have been associated with hyperestrogenism in livestock. Methanolic feed extracts were added to the cell culture medium at microliter/ml concentrations for 4 days, after which the cell proliferation response was measured as DNA content. The half-maximal response for @entity53 occurred at 2 pM, or 0.54 pg/ml. For @entity12071 , a weaker @entity172 , the half-maximal response occurred at approximately 200 pM, or 64 pg/ml. The bioassay was calibrated against a number of known @entity172 ( @entity53 , @entity4742 , @entity12071 , @entity8936 [ @entity291 implant], @entity27409 , @entity27410 ), including the naturally occurring phytoestrogens ( @entity8137 , @entity670 , @entity8139 , @entity8138 , and @entity19097 ). The estrogenic activity of feed samples was expressed as equivalents of @entity12071 (ppm @entity12071 ) that would have to be present to equally stimulate proliferation of the MCF-7 cells. The sensitivity of the bioassay was 0.05-0.1 ppm equivalents of @entity12071 in feed, well below the threshold level associated with reproductive problems. The feed additive @entity27411 (MGA) showed no estrogenic activity in this assay. Estrogenic activity of feed extracts was confirmed by competitive inhibition with the antiestrogens @entity440 or @entity441 ( @entity441 ) to show that stimulation of growth by feed extracts was through an estrogenic mechanism. Confirmation of known @entity172 was by tandem mass spectroscopy. The assay is a sensitive and reliable screening procedure for detecting estrogenic activity in feedstuffs.

title: A sensitive bioassay for detection of dietary XXXX in animal feeds.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8137 :: ('MESH:C007768', 'Chemical') :: ['formononetin']

entities_list: @entity27410 :: ('MESH:C003781', 'Chemical') :: ['zearalane']

entities_list: @entity8139 :: ('MESH:C004742', 'Chemical') :: ['daidzein']

entities_list: @entity27409 :: ('MESH:C029659', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-zearalenol']

entities_list: @entity19097 :: ('MESH:D003375', 'Chemical') :: ['coumestrol']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity8936 :: ('MESH:D015029', 'Chemical') :: ['zearalanol']

entities_list: @entity8138 :: ('MESH:C004541', 'Chemical') :: ['biochanin A']

entities_list: @entity12071 :: ('MESH:D015025', 'Chemical') :: ['zearalenone']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity27411 :: ('MESH:D008552', 'Chemical') :: ['melengestrol acetate']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogens']


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the response rate and @entity137 associated with intravenous topotecan when it is administered on a protracted schedule according to a pharmacokinetically guided dosing approach to treat childhood high-risk @entity521 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this prospective phase II trial, @entity1945 was administered intravenously daily for 5 days for each of 2 consecutive weeks for two cycles. On the basis of topotecan systemic clearance, doses were individualized to attain a single-day topotecan @entity13629 area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 80 to 120 ng/mL . h. @entity1 subsequently received standard treatment. RESULTS: Both cycles were administered to 28 (93%) of the 30 enrolled @entity1 (median age, 3.1 years). Target topotecan AUCs were achieved in 92 (72%) of the 127 measurements conducted after pharmacokinetically guided adjustment; the median dosage required to achieve target AUCs was 2.7 mg/m(2) (range, 0.95 to 3.8 mg/m(2)). The response rate was 60% (95% CI, 41% to 77%); there were one complete and 17 partial responses. No @entity1 experienced disease progression during initial topotecan therapy. Primary @entity5 volumes decreased (median decrease, -58.2%; range, -95.1% to -4.9%) in the 26 @entity1 with available size data. @entity4926 levels in 16 (89%) of 18 @entity1 and @entity17081 levels in 14 (78%) of 18 @entity1 were lower (P = .002 and P = .018, respectively) after topotecan therapy. Reversible grade 4 myelosuppression occurred in all @entity1 , but no deaths occurred as a result of @entity281 or @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Topotecan is active against @entity521 when it is administered on a protracted schedule and targeted systemic exposure is achieved.

title: Improved response in high-risk XXXX with protracted topotecan administration using a pharmacokinetically guided dosing approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity17081 :: ('MESH:D014642', 'Chemical') :: ['vanillylmandelic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['Homovanillic acid']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A study was carried out to determine the pathogenicity (hemolytic activity) on corals (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass ( @entity25595 ) of @entity1678 from water, sediment, and coral. Samples were collected from coastal water and coral reef areas. One hundred and sixty-two isolates were successfully isolated. Out of 162, 95 were from seawater, 49 from sediment, and 18 from coral. Sixteen isolates were picked and identified. Isolates were identified using a conventional biochemical test, the API 20NE kit, and 16S rRNA @entity4334 sequences. Hemolytic activity was determined. Out of 16 isolates, 14 isolates were b-hemolytic and two isolates were non-hemolytic. Corals infected with A. hydrophila suffered bleaching. Similar effect was observed for both hemolytic and non-hemolytic isolates. Intramuscular injection of A. hydrophila into sea bass resulted in @entity548 and @entity204 . Higher infection rates were obtained from hemolytic compared to non-hemolytic strains of A. hydrophila isolates.

title: Pathogenicity of @entity1678 isolated from the Malaysian Sea against coral (Turbinaria sp.) and sea bass ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['muscular bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1678 :: ('644', 'Species') :: ['Aeromonas hydrophila']

entities_list: @entity25595 :: ('8187', 'Species') :: ['Lates calcarifer']

answer: @entity25595 :: (8187,Species) :: ['Lates calcarifer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the mobilization of religious coping in @entity1 's response to @entity0 . METHODS: Ninety-three @entity0 @entity1 and 160 @entity1 with a benign diagnosis participated. @entity0 @entity1 were assessed on their use of religious coping strategies and their level of emotional distress and well-being at pre-diagnosis, 1 week pre-surgery, and 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-surgery. RESULTS: In general, @entity0 @entity1 used religious strategies more frequently than @entity1 with a benign diagnosis; however, the patterns of use were similar across time for the majority of strategies. Results showed that religious coping strategies are mobilized early on in the process of adjustment to @entity0 . @entity0 @entity1 ' use of support or comfort-related strategies peaked around surgery and then declined, while the use of strategies that reflected more a process of meaning-making remained elevated or increased into the long-term. Positive and negative forms of religious coping were predictive of concurrent distress and emotional well-being. As well, there was evidence that the mobilization of religious coping was predictive of changes in distress and well-being across time. For example, @entity1 's increased use of active surrender coping from 1 to 6 months post-surgery was related to a concomitant @entity393 and increase in emotional well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Notably the nature of the relationship between religious coping and emotional adjustment depended on the type of religious coping strategy as well as the specific time of assessment. Specificity of information in the use of religious coping can allow health-care professionals to better identify resources and address potential points of difficulty during the process of @entity1 's adjustment to @entity0 .

title: The trajectory of religious coping across time in response to the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A comparison of single-agent antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of @entity1 with perforated or @entity698 and @entity298 was performed in a double-blind, randomized, prospective trial. Pathologic documentation of @entity1442 and positive intraoperative specimen cultures were required for inclusion in the study. @entity8933 (2 gm every 12 hours) and @entity3398 (2 gm every six hours) were compared. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups. Ninety-seven percent of @entity1 treated with @entity8933 and 89% of those treated with @entity3398 were cured or improved; there was no mortality in either group. By the use of optimal sampling, transport, and culture techniques, the number and diversity of bacteria recovered from these @entity1 with @entity1442 were found to be much larger than previously suspected. Peritoneal fluid, abscess contents (if present), and appendiceal tissue (obtained so as to exclude the lumen) were cultured from all @entity1 . An average number of 3.1 aerobic or facultative bacteria species and 8.5 anaerobic species were isolated from each specimen. Twenty-eight different genera and more than 55 species were encountered, including a previously undescribed fastidious gram-negative anaerobic bacillus. @entity2868 group and @entity526 were isolated from almost all specimens, and within the @entity2868 group, eight species were represented. The recovery of such an unexpectedly large and diverse flora may be the reason for the therapeutic failures in these @entity1 . We conclude that single-agent antimicrobial therapy in @entity1 with @entity1442 and @entity298 is both safe and effective, and, with @entity8933 , can be accomplished by a twice-daily dosing regimen.

title: Gangrenous and XXXX with @entity298 : treatment and bacteriology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides fragilis', 'B fragilis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftizoxime', 'ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['perforated appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effect of @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors ( @entity12232 and @entity10319 ) on @entity1 @entity1 @entity150 cells in vitro, and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: The @entity98 assay was employed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of @entity12232 and @entity10319 on @entity1 cell growth. FCM was used to analyze the variation of @entity1 cell cycle distribution and the apoptotic ratio after @entity1 cells were treated with @entity12232 and @entity10319 . Histone acetylation level was detected by Western blot. mRNA expression of @entity994 , @entity7596 , and cyclin E was measured by FQ-PCR. Dynamic changes of @entity588 and @entity589 expression were detected by FCM. RESULTS: @entity12232 and @entity10319 inhibited @entity1 cell growth in a concentration and time-dependent manner. Treatment with 4  mol/l @entity12232 or 0.4  mol/l @entity10319 blocked cell cycling in the G0/G1 phase and induced a significant increase in cell apoptosis. @entity12232 and @entity10319 significantly increased the level of histone acetylation, induced p21CIP1WAF1 mRNA expression, and inhibited @entity7596 mRNA expression, though no significant effect was observed on cyclin E. @entity588 expression was down-regulated, while @entity589 expression was up-regulated. CONCLUSION: @entity15152 inhibitors can block @entity150 cell cycle in vitro and induce apoptosis. The molecular mechanism may be associated with increased level of histone acetylation, down-regulation of p21WAF1/ @entity994 expression, up-regulation of @entity7596 expression, and dynamic change of @entity588 and @entity589 expression.

title: Experimental study on inhibitory effects of @entity15152 inhibitor XXXX and @entity10319 on @entity150 cells.

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC', 'histone deacetylase']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity12232 :: (MESH:C118739,Chemical) :: ['MS-275']


abstract: Peroxisomes are massively induced when methylotrophic @entity375 are cultured in medium containing @entity1042 . These organelles contain enzymes that catalyze the initial steps of @entity1042 assimilation. In Candida boidinii, a methylotrophic @entity375 , the peroxisomal matrix (internal compartment) is composed almost exclusively of two proteins, @entity167 oxidase and @entity12039 synthase; catalase is present in much lower abundance. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are available against peroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins. These were utilized to correlate the induction of specific proteins with the morphological changes occurring during peroxisomal proliferation. Cells cultured in @entity413 -containing medium contain two to five small microbodies, which are identifiable by catalase staining and immunoreactivity with a monoclonal antibody against PMP47, an integral peroxisomal membrane protein. Three stages of proliferation can be distinguished when cells are switched to @entity1042 as the @entity505 source. (1) There is an early stage (within 1 h) in which several peroxisomes develop from a preexisting organelle. This is accompanied by an increase in catalase activity and an induction of PMP47, but no detectable induction of @entity167 oxidase or @entity12039 synthase is observed. (2) From 1 to 2.5 h there is further division of these microbodies until up to 30 small peroxisomes generally are present in each of one or two clusters per cell. Induction of @entity167 oxidase, @entity12039 synthase and PMP20, a protein that is distributed in the matrix and membrane, is detectable during this time. Serial sections reveal that some peroxisomes remain uninduced while others undergo proliferation. Such sections also show no obvious connections between peroxisomes within clusters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Peroxisomal assembly: membrane proliferation precedes the induction of the abundant matrix proteins in the methylotrophic XXXX Candida boidinii.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity12039 :: ('MESH:D004098', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroxyacetone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']