abstract: AIM: To examine the effectiveness of administering recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) in distraction osteogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one mature male @entity95 underwent unilateral mandibular osteotomy. After 5 days, the osteotomized mandibles were distracted 1mm/day for 10 days. On the first day (groups @entity1938 [n=4] and @entity3750 [n=4]) or on the last day (group B [n=5]) of distraction, rhBMP-2 mixed with collagen gel was injected into the distraction zone. In control groups (groups @entity6746 [n=4] and @entity3627 [n=4]), the mandibles were distracted without rhBMP-2 injection. At the end of the distraction period (groups @entity44057 ) and after 2 weeks of consolidation (groups @entity3750 , B, and @entity3627 ), the distracted mandibles were harvested and examined with soft radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and microscopy. RESULTS: Radioopacity was more marked in the distraction zone of the groups with rhBMP-2 than in control groups. The mineral density of the cortical bone ( @entity1555 ) was higher in groups B and @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . The cortical @entity1555 was higher in group @entity1938 than in group @entity6746 . Histologically, bone formation was more advanced in groups @entity3750 than in group @entity3627 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that rhBMP-2 promotes bone formation in distraction osteogenesis.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity1 @entity1841 (rhBMP-2) on bone consolidation on distraction osteogenesis: a preliminary study in XXXX mandibles.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Japanese white rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As the health care reimbursement system has changed, brief screens for detecting @entity146 in primary care have been developed. These efforts have faced the formidable task of identifying @entity1 with @entity146 , while at the same time minimizing the number of misclassified cases. Here we consider the balance between sensitivity and positive predictive value. Primary care @entity1 with false positive and false negative results on screens for @entity308 and @entity4697 are compared with regard to @entity73 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional psychometric study. The study sample included 1001 primary care @entity1 from the Department of Internal Medicine at Kaiser Permanente in Oakland, California. The Symptom-Driven Diagnostic System for Primary Care (SDDS-PC) screens and Sheehan Disability Scale were completed by the subjects. The SDDS-PC diagnostic interviews were administered to all subjects. RESULTS: @entity1 with false positive results on the @entity4697 screen did not differ from @entity1 with false negatives results with regard to rates of other @entity73 , or mental health service utilization. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity308 screen results had significantly more @entity73 than those with false positive @entity308 results. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of @entity1 with either false positive or false negative screen results met diagnostic criteria for other @entity146 . Given the nominal burden of follow-up assessments for @entity1 with positive screens, these data suggest that erring on the side of sensitivity may have been preferable when algorithms for these screens were selected.

title: Diagnostic errors of primary care screens for XXXX and @entity4697 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['false negative depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders and functional impairment', 'psychiatric disorders, functional impairment', 'comorbidity and functional impairment']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytokine-mediated @entity32 and @entity1003 may occur after cardiac surgery. In this study we investigated the temporal pattern of @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) gene expression after cardiac surgery and its relation with @entity2289 genotype, and obtained preliminary data regarding its relation to perioperative morbidity. METHODS: The relative change in @entity2289 mRNA 1, 6, and 24 h after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was measured from mononuclear cells in 82 @entity1 undergoing elective cardiac surgery. DNA was analyzed for carriage of the 4G/5G @entity2289 polymorphism. RESULTS: @entity2289 gene expression decreased after CPB in all @entity1 . A larger reduction in @entity2289 gene expression was observed in homozygous carriers of the 5G allele. Homozygous carriers of the 5G allele were also more likely to receive transfusion of coagulation blood products. There was no relation between change in @entity2289 gene expression and duration of CPB. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2289 gene expression decreased over time after CPB. We found a link between @entity2289 genotype, @entity2289 gene expression, and transfusion of coagulation products after cardiac surgery.

title: XXXX after cardiac surgery may be influenced by a functional plasminogen activator inhibitor polymorphism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1', 'PAI']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['Coagulopathy']


abstract: In the hippocampus, as in many other CNS areas, @entity842 (NO) participates in synaptic plasticity, manifested as changes in pre- and/or postsynaptic function. While it is known that these changes are brought about by @entity6708 following activation of guanylyl cyclase-coupled NO receptors attempts to locate @entity6708 by immunocytochemistry in hippocampal slices in response to NO have failed to detect the @entity6708 elevation where expected, i.e. in the @entity528 . Instead, astrocytes, unidentified varicose fibres and @entity1246 -ergic nerve terminals are reported to be the prominent NO targets, raising the possibility that NO acts indirectly via other cells. We have re-investigated the distribution of @entity6708 generated in response to endogenous and exogenous NO in hippocampal slices using immunohistochemistry and new conditions designed to optimise @entity6708 accumulation and, hence, its detectability. The conditions included use of tissue from the developing @entity35 hippocampus, a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-2, and an allosteric enhancer of the NO-receptive guanylyl cyclase. Under these conditions, @entity6708 was formed in response to endogenous NO and was found in a population of pyramidal cell somata in area @entity1251 and subiculum as well as in structures described previously. The additional presence of exogenous NO resulted in hippocampal @entity6708 reaching the highest level recorded for brain tissue (1700 pmol/mg protein) and in @entity6708 immunolabelling throughout the pyramidal cell layer. Populations of axons and interneurones were also stained. According with these results, immunohistochemistry for the common NO receptor b1-subunit indicated widespread expression. A similar staining pattern for the a1-subunit with an antibody used previously in the hippocampus and elsewhere, however, proved to be artefactual. The results indicate that the targets of NO in the hippocampus are more varied and extensive than previous evidence had suggested and, in particular, that the @entity528 participating in NO-dependent synaptic plasticity are direct NO targets.

title: Cellular targets of XXXX in the hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal neurones']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: @entity2021 was induced in actively sensitized @entity840 by free inhalation of a high dose of ovalbumin (10 mg/ml) aerosol. Tibenelast ( @entity38391 ), @entity38391 , @entity11929 , proved to be a potent orally active compound against @entity2021 induced by high dose antigen aerosol. When a lower aerosol challenge (0.05 mg/ml) was employed, bronchoconstriction was observed with a concomitant increase in lung resistance (RL) and a fall in dynamic compliance (Cdyn). Tibenelast at 25 mg/kg p.o. prevented these changes. Tibenelast was 10 times more potent than @entity3416 by i.v. administration; normalization of pulmonary function was achieved at 1 mg/kg i.v. Tibenelast was synergistic with @entity1425 . Combination of no-effect doses of @entity1425 (0.025 mg/kg s.c.) and tibenelast (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) normalized pulmonary function. The oral dose response curve of tibenelast was enhanced with the co-administration of @entity1425 . These data suggest that tibenelast may act at a site different from that of @entity1425 , although the mechanism of action of tibenelast is unclear at present. Tibenelast may be of significant value in the treatment of @entity565 and other @entity1576 .

title: Tibenelast, @entity38391 , @entity11929 ( XXXX ), is an orally active anti- @entity565 compound in the @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity3416 :: ('MESH:D000628', 'Chemical') :: ['aminophylline']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylactic shock', 'anaphylactic shock']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity38391 :: ('MESH:C063779', 'Chemical') :: ['LY186655', '5,6-diethoxybenzo(b)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salt']

answer: @entity38391 :: (MESH:C063779,Chemical) :: ['LY186655']


abstract: Allogeneic and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplants are frequently complicated by @entity281 . This study was performed to evaluate early and late @entity281 in 74 @entity1 who underwent peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Fifty-eight @entity1 received allogeneic and 16 autologous PBSCT. All @entity1 received @entity2380 , @entity2177 and @entity1033 prophylaxis. 93.1% of alloPBSCT @entity1 and 87.5% of autoPBSCT @entity1 developed @entity221 . Febrile episodes were commonly seen in the week of transplantation (66%). There was a median of 3 days with @entity221 in alloPBSCT, and 2 days in autoPBSCT. Period of @entity1398 was 15 days for AlloPBSCT and 12 days for AutoPBSCT. The microbiological identification rate was 47% (32/68). Gram-positive @entity281 dominated the early period (50%) and Gram-negative @entity2348 dominated the late period (50%). All our @entity1 had Hickman-type catheters and 26 @entity281 involving catheters were seen. Sixteen occurred in the early, and 10 in the late period. Ten of 14 (71.4%) late @entity2348 were catheter-related. The dominance of Gram-positive @entity281 and high rates of @entity3256 resistance warranted the use of @entity2176 extensively. Surveillance cultures were found to be useful in selected @entity1 . Although slime factor is an important virulence factor, there was no difference between slime factor positive and negative coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated during @entity281 . In conclusion, febrile episodes are the most frequent complication of PBSCT and Gram-positive microorganisms remain the main pathogen in these @entity1 because of catheter use, @entity33 and @entity2177 prophylaxis. @entity3256 resistance is increasing and glycopeptides remain the only choice for treating such @entity281 . Although the @entity281 rate is high, measures taken to prevent and treat @entity281 result in very low rates of mortality from @entity281 in PBSCT @entity1 .

title: Aerobic XXXX in peripheral blood stem cell transplants.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['bacterial and fungal infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postoperative @entity3417 is an unusual complication following retroperitoneal surgery. A search of the English literature showed only 44 cases of @entity3417 following gynecological @entity5 surgery. The treatment is primarily conservative, but surgical treatment is considered in resistant cases. We developed a novel non-surgical therapeutic strategy for @entity86 . METHODS: We report a case of severe @entity3417 following pelvic lymph node dissection for gynecological @entity5 . RESULTS: Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, peritoneal washing, and systematic pelvic lymph node dissection were performed for a stage II G1 @entity4348 (FIGO 2009). Forty-one days after surgery, the @entity1 was readmitted due to massive @entity843 . Repeated paracentesis and a low-fat diet were only partially effective. Fifty-one days after surgery, we started paracentesis with a continuous low-pressure drainage system. Nine days later, there was no further fluid drainage. The @entity1 was asymptomatic and without recurrent disease at follow-up 3 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic lymph node dissection may cause @entity86 . Paracentesis with a continuous low-pressure drainage system can be an effective conservative treatment for @entity86 .

title: A novel therapeutic strategy for @entity3417 after gynecological XXXX surgery: a continuous low-pressure drainage system.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3417 :: ('MESH:D002915', 'Disease') :: ['chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chylous ascites']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) complemented by flow cytometry (FC) for the diagnosis of reactive and neoplastic lymphoid proliferations and subclassification of @entity706 . STUDY DESIGN: Forty-one FNABs of @entity706 on which FC had been performed were evaluated retrospectively. All cases were correlated with histology or clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Twelve FNABs were diagnosed as reactive. Eleven of the 12 were confirmed as reactive on follow-up. One was a case of @entity1071 . Twenty-five FNABs diagnosed as @entity706 were confirmed by histology. In 22 of these 25 cases, there was 100% correlation between the subclassification given on @entity400 with FC and that given on histology. Two of the remaining cases, which were correctly called follicular center cell @entity706 , showed discrepancies in grading. One case called @entity978 on @entity400 was @entity784 on histology. Of four FNABs given an inconclusive diagnosis, two were @entity706 on follow-up, and two were reactive. CONCLUSION: @entity400 examination, when it includes immunophenotyping by FC, is a useful technique for distinguishing reactive lymphoid proliferations from @entity706 and for the subclassification of @entity706 .

title: Cytodiagnosis of lymphoid proliferations by XXXX . Adjunctive value of flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas', 'lymphoid lesions', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity5377 , many symptoms have their origin in the recto-anal segment, with motility changes in the rectum and in the internal anal sphincter, and alterations in rectal sensitivity. However, up to now, it is not known if these clinical and physiological changes are equated with morphological changes in the recto-anal segment. METHODS: Sixteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity5377 (mean age 22, range 18-33 years; 13 females) and 10 healthy volunteers (mean age 34.5, range 19-50 yr.; 6 males) were evaluated prospectively with defaecography. RESULTS: 1) Anorectal angle: No significant differences were observed in the anorectal angle during rest (91.6 +/- 3.5 degrees vs 92.6 +/- 2.5 degrees) and during defaecation (92 +/- 5.5 degrees vs 98.7 +/- 2.6 degrees) between @entity1 with @entity5377 and healthy volunteers. However, @entity1 with @entity5377 were unable to widen the angle during defaecation, remaining the same at rest (91.6 +/- 3.5 degrees) as during defaecation (92 +/- 5.5 degrees). @entity5377 @entity1 with @entity1142 (n = 2) compared to those with normal frequency defaecation (n = 13) showed no significant differences at rest (95 +/- 6 vs 89.8 +/- 4.1 degrees) and during defaecation (100 +/- vs 88.9 +/- 6.4 degrees). Healthy volunteers widened the angle by more than 5 degrees during defaecation. 2) Perineometry: although not significant, @entity1 with @entity5377 had less perineal descent during the simulated defaecation (1.98 +/- 0.37 cm) than healthy subjects (2.1 +/- 0.3 cm). Nevertheless, during squeeze there was significantly less mobility or perineal descent in @entity1 with @entity5377 than in control subjects (0.21 +/- 0.17 vs 0.95 +/- 0.21 cm; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that @entity1 with @entity5377 as a whole, whether @entity1142 predominant or not, showed changes in pelvic-floor mobility.

title: Defaecography in XXXX with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 47-year-old male @entity1 with @entity7160 @entity1 -Pugh grade C was admitted to our center for evaluation of liver transplantation. Serum @entity1011 had increased from 1.6 to 4.3 mg/100 ml within the previous two weeks, @entity1011 clearance was 12 ml/min, and urinary @entity1372 12 mmol/24 h. The diagnosis of @entity9719 was established. Diuretic treatment was discontinued. Following albumin infusion, central venous pressure was increased to above 10 cm @entity2507 and @entity935 (2 micrograms/kg/min) infusion was started. However, renal function did not improve. An i.v. infusion of @entity19655 (POR8, Sandoz; 6 IU/h) was started and @entity935 infusion continued. During a four-hour interval, urinary volume and @entity1372 excretion doubled. Therefore treatment was continued for three weeks. After 22 days, renal function had normalized ( @entity1011 1.2 mg/100 ml, @entity1011 clearance 65 ml/min, urinary @entity1372 62 mmol/24 h) and diuretic therapy was resumed. No adverse effects were observed. @entity19655 / @entity935 infusion was discontinued and renal function remained normal. Three weeks later, the @entity1 underwent liver transplantation with normal renal function. @entity19655 infusion had no effect on circulating endothelin, but decreased the activation of the @entity916 - @entity1369 system and of the sympathetic activity. So far, no noninvasive therapy of @entity3182 has been established. This is the first report of successful medical treatment of @entity9719 with a three-week infusion of the vasopressin-l-receptor agonist @entity19655 .

title: [Successful conservative therapy of XXXX with vasopressin-1-receptor antagonist @entity19655 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity3182 :: ('MESH:D006530', 'Disease') :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity19655 :: ('MESH:D009951', 'Chemical') :: ['ornipressin', 'Ornipressin']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity3182 :: (MESH:D006530,Disease) :: ['hepatorenal syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analysis of perioperative outcomes and survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 undergoing secondary cytoreduction by robotics, laparoscopy, or laparotomy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 52 selected @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 undergoing secondary cytoreduction by laparoscopy (9), laparotomy (33) or robotics (10) between January 2006 and December 2010. Comparison was made by a total of 21 factors including age, BMI, number of previous surgeries, @entity5 type and grade, number of procedures, and 15 types of procedures performed at secondary cytoreduction. RESULTS: For all @entity1 , the mean operating time was 213.8 min, mean @entity190 657.4 ml; and mean hospital stay 7.5 days. Complete debulking was achieved in 75% of @entity1 . @entity260 were noted in 36.5% of @entity1 . Overall and progression-free survival at 3-years were 58.8% and 34.1%, respectively. Laparoscopy and robotics had reduced @entity190 and hospital stay, while no differences were observed among the three groups for operating time, complications, complete debulking, and survival. CONCLUSION: Selected @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 benefit from a laparoscopic or robotic secondary cytoreduction without compromising survival. Robotics and laparoscopy provide similar perioperative outcomes, and reduced @entity190 and shorter hospital stay as compared to laparotomy. Laparotomy seems preferable for @entity1 with widespread peritoneal implants, multiple sites of recurrence, and/or extensive adhesions.

title: Analysis of secondary cytoreduction for recurrent XXXX by robotics, laparoscopy and laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: RseA sequesters RpoE (  (E)) to the inner membrane of @entity526 when envelope stress is low. Elevated envelope stress triggers RseA cleavage by the sequential action of two membrane proteases, DegS and RseP, releasing   (E) to activate an envelope stress reducing pathway. Revertants of a /\degP /\bamB strain, which fails to grow at 37  C due to high envelope stress, harbored mutations in the rseA and rpoE genes. Null and missense rseA mutations constitutively hyper-activated the   (E) regulon and significantly reduced the major @entity41307 ( @entity41307 ) levels. In contrast, a novel rpoE allele, rpoE3, resulting from the partial duplication of the rpoE gene, increased   (E) levels greater than that seen in the rseA mutant background but did not reduce @entity41307 levels. A   (E)-dependent RybB::LacZ construct showed only a weak activation of the   (E) pathway by rpoE3. Despite this, rpoE3 fully reversed the growth and envelope vesiculation phenotypes of /\degP. Interestingly, rpoE3 also brought down the modestly activated Cpx envelope stress pathway in the /\degP strain to the wild type level, showing the complementary nature of the   (E) and Cpx pathways. Through employing a labile mutant periplasmic protein, AcrA( @entity41308 ), it was determined that the rpoE3 mutation overcomes the /\degP phenotypes, in part, by activating a   (E)-dependent proteolytic pathway. Our data suggest that a reduction in the @entity41307 levels is not intrinsic to the   (E)-mediated mechanism of lowering envelope stress. They also suggest that under extreme envelope stress, a tight homeostasis loop between RseA and   (E) may partly be responsible for cell death, and this loop can be broken by mutations that either lower RseA activity or increase   (E) levels.

title: Reversal of the /\degP phenotypes by a novel rpoE allele of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity41307 :: ('18157965', 'Gene') :: ['OMP', 'outer membrane protein']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the autosomal dominant inheritance of the Jervell and @entity15499 in a highly inbred family, the initiation of @entity1166 , and the natural history of the syndrome based on a 16-year follow-up of the kindred. METHOD: A family tree was constructed that included 66 blood relatives from three successive generations. Electrocardiograms were obtained from 59 living members including the proband, four members from a nuclear family, and 54 from the extended family. Evoked response audiometry was recorded for the proband and the nuclear family. All 59 family members were followed up regularly for 16 years. RESULTS: A total of 24 living members were affected--QTc: 480-680 ms. The proband had long QTc, bilateral high-tone @entity1274 , recurrent @entity1163 , and @entity1166 . The asymptomatic father had long QTc and unilateral high-tone @entity1274 that involved specifically the left ear. One asymptomatic sibling of the proband had long QTc and normal hearing. The mother and another sibling were asymptomatic; QTc and hearing were normal in both. A total of 21 affected members from the extended family had only long QTc, and all were asymptomatic. There were three congenitally deaf first cousins who had recurrent @entity1163 and adrenergic-triggered @entity944 . In all, seven of 10 parents had consanguineous marriage to a first cousin. Each affected offspring had at least one affected parent. The severely symptomatic proband who received only b-blocker therapy and the 23 affected members without antiadrenergic therapy, all remained asymptomatic throughout the 16-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Jervell and @entity15499 was inherited as autosomal dominant in this kindred. The majority of the affected members had a mild phenotype. The severity of auditory and cardiac phenotypes corresponded.

title: Jervell and XXXX in a father and daughter from a large highly inbred family: a 16-year follow-up of 59 living members.

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['Torsades de Pointes']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity15499 :: ('MESH:D029593', 'Disease') :: ['Lange-Nielsen syndrome']

answer: @entity15499 :: (MESH:D029593,Disease) :: ['Lange-Nielsen syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the potential role of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) as a tool for diagnosis or recurrence detection in @entity150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report two cases of a @entity75 of @entity1494 and trigone misdiagnosed by conventional sonographic abdominal evaluation and a case of @entity150 recurrence diagnosed by TRUS performed before cystoscopy. RESULTS: The first @entity1 presented at the Emergency Room of our Hospital for a @entity812 with concurrent haematuria. The abdominal ultrasonography showed a right @entity3041 and a thickened bladder wall without endoluminal projections. The end-fire probe with a longitudinal approach clearly showed a thickening of the bladder wall extended from the @entity1494 to the posterior area. The @entity1 was submitted to a transrectal prostate biopsy and to a urethrocystoscopy with a transurethral resection. The second @entity1 was admitted to the Urology Unit for haematuria. Abdominal ultrasonography was unremarkable and urine cytology negative. The TRUS with an end-fire probe showed a 5 mm area of irregular thickening of the mucosa at the @entity1494 . The uretrocystoscopy confirmed the presence of a perimeatal papillary lesion. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of TRUS for @entity150 detection in selected @entity1 , as an easy, accurate and inexpensive tool. We need further study to validate the role of TRUS in the diagnosis and follow-up of bladder @entity189 .

title: The potential role of transrectal ultrasound as a tool for diagnosis or recurrence detection in XXXX . Two cases report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity79 results in severe @entity158 and @entity174 in >80% of @entity1 . @entity79 is characterized by both increased osteoclast activity and suppressed new bone formation. The basis for both the increased @entity79 and decreased bone formation has been a topic of extensive investigation during the last several years. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Marrow samples from @entity1 with @entity1582 were screened by both molecular biological and gene expression profiling techniques to identify factors that may be responsible for the enhanced @entity79 and suppressed bone formation in @entity1 with the disease. RESULTS: Several novel factors have been identified that directly stimulate osteoclastic @entity79 in @entity1582 . These include receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand, macrophage inflammatory peptide 1alpha, and @entity2772 . All of these factors are increased in most @entity1 with @entity1582 . Furthermore, @entity2159 levels are markedly suppressed, further driving osteoclast formation. In addition, four novel inhibitors of osteoblast differentiation or activity have been identified. These include two inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway, @entity5741 and soluble frizzled protein 2. The Wnt signaling pathway is critical for osteoblast differentiation. Two cytokines, @entity2772 and @entity6977 , have also been reported that directly or indirectly inhibit osteoblast differentiation in @entity1 with @entity1582 . Interestingly, increased macrophage inflammatory peptide 1alpha, @entity2772 , and @entity6977 result from abnormal transcriptional regulation of these genes by increased levels of @entity3052 -1 to @entity3052 -1B transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS: The recent identification of novel stimulators of osteoclast activity and inhibitors of osteoblast differentiation provide new therapeutic targets for treating this devastating @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity1582 .

title: New potential targets for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pathologic fractures']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction', 'bone disease', 'Myeloma bone disease']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['myeloma bone disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnostic methods and surgical effect for the treatment of @entity2967 of tendinous sheath in wrist. METHODS: From September 2002 to October 2009, 8 @entity1 with preoperative diagnosis as @entity2967 of tendinous sheath based on MRI were treated surgically. There were 5 males and 3 females, ranging in age from 16 to 65 years, with an average of 41 years. The disease course ranged from 10 to 72 months with an average of 31 months. RESULTS: The diagnosis of all the @entity1 was confirmed as @entity2967 of tendinous sheath by postoperative pathology. All the @entity1 were followed up, and the during ranged from 5 to 48 months (averaged, 34.2 months). One @entity1 recurred and 3 @entity1 got obvious relief of symptoms of @entity10036 . All the @entity1 had significant improvement in wrist function after surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative MRI is helpful for differential diagnosis of @entity2967 of tendinous sheath. Thorough removal of @entity5 is very important in prevention of recurrence.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX of tendinous sheath in wrist].

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['median nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell tumor']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, and drug interactions of panitumumab. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was conducted (1966-February 2007) using the search terms panitumumab, ABX-EGF, E7.6.3, monoclonal antibody, @entity14 , @entity470 , @entity470 , and @entity470 signal transduction. Articles and abstracts were further identified from the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the National @entity5 Network. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical trials evaluating panitumumab for solid @entity5 were selected from the data sources. All published relevant abstracts were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: The most recent developments in the treatment of metastatic @entity14 include the monoclonal antibodies targeted against @entity7 and the @entity470 ( @entity470 ). Panitumumab is the first fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to @entity470 . Clinical activity has been demonstrated, most notably in @entity1 with @entity470 -positive metastatic @entity14 who have failed prior therapy. Phase III study results indicate a 46% reduction in the rate of @entity5 progression in treated @entity1 compared with those who received best supportive care alone. Panitumumab is well tolerated, with @entity1910 the most common dose-dependent adverse effect. Studies thus far indicate a low rate of infusion-related reactions (1%, grade 3-4). CONCLUSIONS: Panitumumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody with promising activity in treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 who have failed previous therapy, offering a favorable safety profile.

title: Panitumumab: a fully human monoclonal antibody with activity in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['acneiform rash']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFr']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Comprehensive Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasm', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: The D6 chemokine receptor can bind and scavenge several chemokines, including the @entity1129 ( @entity1129 )-associated chemokines @entity15064 and @entity13128 . Although D6 is constitutively expressed in the lung, its pulmonary function is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study tested whether D6 regulates pulmonary chemokine levels, @entity32 , or airway responsiveness during allergen-induced @entity1030 . METHODS: @entity942 and genetically matched C57BL/6 @entity19 were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin. ELISA and flow cytometry were used to measure levels of cytokines and leukocytes, respectively. Mechanical ventilation was used to measure airway reactivity. RESULTS: The ability of D6 to diminish chemokine levels in the lung was chemokine concentration dependent. @entity15064 and @entity13128 were abundant in the airway, and their levels were attenuated by D6 when they were within a defined concentration range. By contrast, airway concentrations of @entity12427 , @entity638 , and @entity639 were low and unaffected by D6. Allergen-challenged @entity942 @entity19 had more dendritic cells, T cells, and eosinophils in the lung parenchyma and more eosinophils in the airway than similarly challenged C57BL/6 @entity19 . By contrast, @entity942 @entity19 had reduced airway responses to @entity2710 compared with C57BL/6 @entity19 . Thus, D6 has opposing effects on @entity32 and airway reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of D6 to scavenge chemokines in the lung is dependent on chemokine concentration. The absence of D6 @entity32 , but reduces airway reactivity. These findings suggest that inhibiting D6 function might be a novel means to attenuate airway responses in individuals with @entity56 .

title: The chemokine receptor D6 has opposing effects on XXXX and airway reactivity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'increases inflammation']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['D6-deficient']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['allergic inflammation']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the results of @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with radiation-induced @entity231 after treatment for @entity995 . METHODS: Retrospective interventional case series. Six consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with secondary @entity231 due to radiation therapy for @entity995 . INTERVENTION: Phacoemulsification and foldable acrylic intraocular lens implantation. OUTCOMES MEASURED: Visual acuity, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. @entity2092 samples were collected during surgery. RESULTS: Six uniocular @entity1 between 3 to 5 years of age at time of surgery were studied. The mean time interval between radiotherapy and @entity231 diagnosis was 22.3 months. The mean follow-up after surgery was 17.2 months (range: 12 to 23 months). All eyes achieved a clear @entity227 after surgery allowing monitoring of the @entity5 status. None developed recurrence or @entity995 dissemination. Histopathological analysis of the aspired material showed no tumoral cells in all samples. All @entity1 improved vision after @entity231 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification with acrylic intraocular lens implantation seems to be a safe, feasible, and effective method for the removal of radiation-induced @entity231 in @entity1 with treated @entity995 .

title: Phacoemulsification and foldable acrylic IOL implantation in XXXX with treated @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity2092 :: ('MESH:D007905', 'Disease') :: ['Aspirated lens material and aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts', 'cataract']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2332 is widely used to protect the brain during cardiac and neurologic surgery, the optimal level of cooling has not been established. This study examined the protective effect of graded levels of surface cooling on cerebral function in @entity35 after complete global @entity2806 . METHODS: Groups of @entity3652 -anesthetized @entity35 (13 animals in each group) were cooled to cranial temperatures of 34, 30, 27, 24, or 22 degrees C before circulatory arrest. Also a normothermic (37 degrees C) group was tested. After cooling, an 11-min circulatory arrest was produced by atraumatic chest compression. @entity1167 was followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation and rewarming without postischemic intensive care. On the fifth postinsult day, neurologic outcome was scored on a 50-point neurodeficit scale (NDS 0 = normal). The percent of @entity63 pyramidal neurons in the @entity1249 hippocampal region was also determined. RESULTS: There were no survivors in the normothermic group. Neurologic recovery was enhanced with 30 degrees C cranial temperature, as compared to outcome in the 34 degrees C group. Further cooling did not change outcome. The neurodeficit scales were significantly lower in all other groups compared to the 34 degrees C group on the fifth postinsult day. The percent of @entity63 neurons did not change significantly as a function of cooling, but the lowest count appeared at 27 degrees C. CONCLUSION: In this model, moderate (30 degrees C) cooling improved neurologic outcome. There was no additional benefit from more extreme @entity2332 .

title: Outcome effects of different @entity2332 levels during XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract is a novel surgical technique in the treatment of transsphincteric @entity292 that has been shown to be successful in the short term. Median follow-up in current literature ranges from 5 to 9 months. However, the long-term success rate is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This study describes our long-term results in performing the @entity31084 procedure. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review. @entity1 : Thirty-eight @entity1 from August 2008 to October 2011 were evaluated. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent the @entity31084 for @entity292 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 and fistula characteristics, primary healing rate, secondary healing rate, previous treatments, and failures were reviewed. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 26 months (range, 3-44 months), and 26 @entity1 (68%) were followed for greater than 12 months. The overall primary healing rate was 61% (23 of 38), and it was 62% (16 of 26) in @entity1 followed for over 12 months. Eighty percent (12/15) of the failures are @entity177 (persistent symptoms or failure at  <=6 months), and 20% are late failures (>6 months) with 1 failure occurring 12 months postprocedure. Increase in length of fistula tract was associated with decreased healing (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.34-0.88, p = 0.01). There were no intraoperative complications and no reported @entity322 . CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates favorable long-term results for the @entity31084 procedure. It appears that long tracts negatively affect healing, and late failures can occur up to 12 months postoperatively. Understanding the type of failure can help guide subsequent treatment to maximize healing success.

title: Long-term results of @entity31084 ( XXXX ) for @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity31084 :: ('MESH:D016156', 'Disease') :: ['ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['early failures']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula-in-ano']

answer: @entity31084 :: (MESH:D016156,Disease) :: ['LIFT']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4346 has important prognostic implications. Although electrocardiography is the technique most often recommended in the diagnosis of @entity1184 , its diagnostic accuracy is hampered in the presence of a @entity714 . METHODS: In 1875 consecutive @entity1 (56  16 years) undergoing studies to rule out @entity299 and/or @entity101 , 2-dimensional echocardiography and electrocardiography were performed simultaneously in an outpatient clinic. Digitized electrocardiograms were interpreted using an online computer-assisted platform (ELECTROPRES). Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and predictive values of standard electrocardiographic criteria and of some diagnostic algorithms for @entity4346 were determined and compared with the findings in @entity1 with neither @entity714 nor @entity583 . RESULTS: @entity714 was present in 233 (12%) @entity1 . @entity4346 was detected more frequently in @entity1 with @entity714 (60% vs 31%). In @entity1 with @entity714 , sensitivities were low but similar to those observed in @entity1 without it, and ranged from 6.4% to 70.9%, whereas specificities were high, ranging from 57.6% to 100%. Positive likelihood ratios ranged from 1.33 to 4.94, and negative likelihood ratios from 0.50 to 0.98. Diagnostic algorithms, voltage-duration products, and certain compound criteria had the best sensitivities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4346 can be diagnosed in the presence of @entity714 with an accuracy at least similar to that observed in @entity1 without this @entity8526 . Computer-assisted interpretation of the electrocardiogram may be useful in the diagnosis of @entity4346 as it enables the implementation of more accurate algorithms.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of computer-assisted electrocardiography in the diagnosis of @entity4346 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block', 'Left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defect']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity714 :: (MESH:D002037,Disease) :: ['left bundle branch block']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested an effect of @entity2449 on mortality for @entity1 with both @entity6 and @entity14 ( @entity14 ). However, the literature is contradictory, with both positive and negative effects being identified. We set out to determine the effect of @entity2449 with respect to prognosis in @entity14 @entity1 . METHODS: After a retrospective chart review of @entity14 @entity1 treated at the Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare overall survival (os) in @entity1 with and without @entity6 . RESULTS: We identified 1304 @entity14 @entity1 treated at the centre. No significant differences between the @entity6 and nondiabetic groups were observed with respect to @entity5 pathology, extent of @entity3 , time or @entity137 of chemotherapy, and the os rate (1-year os: 85.6% vs. 86.4%, p = 0.695; 2-year os: 73.6% vs. 77.0%, p = 0.265). In subgroup analysis, @entity6 @entity1 taking @entity2449 survived significantly longer than their counterparts taking other @entity6 treatments (os for the @entity2449 group: 91% at 1 year; 80.5% at 2 years; os for the group taking other treatments, including diet control: 80.6% at 1 year, 67.4% at 2 years). Multivariate analysis suggests that @entity1 with @entity6 taking treatments other than @entity2449 experience worse survival (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity14 @entity1 with @entity6 , excluding those taking @entity2449 , might have a worse @entity14 prognosis. Taking @entity2449 appears to have a positive association with prognosis. The protective nature of @entity2449 needs further evaluation in prospective analyses.

title: A retrospective study on the role of @entity6 and @entity2449 in XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['crc', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer disease']


abstract: AIMS: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 is a strong predictor of @entity65 . This work aimed to investigate whether the presence of @entity453 ( @entity453 ) impacts on its predictive value. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 3141 @entity1 (2191 males, 950 females) of the LUdwigshafen RIsk and @entity65 (LURIC) study. They had a mean    standard deviation age of 62.6    10.6 years, body mass index of 27.5    4.1 kg/m_sup2;, and HDL @entity165 of 38.9    10.8 mg/dL. The cohort consisted of 699 @entity1 without @entity453 , 1515 @entity1 with stable @entity453 , and 927 @entity1 with unstable @entity453 . The @entity1 were prospectively followed for @entity65 over a median (inter-quartile range) period of 9.9 (8.7-10.7) years. A total of 590 @entity1 died from @entity65 . High-density lipoprotein @entity165 by tertiles was inversely related to @entity65 in the entire cohort (P = 0.009). There was significant interaction between HDL @entity165 and @entity453 in predicting the outcome (P = 0.007). In stratified analyses, HDL @entity165 was strongly associated with @entity65 in @entity1 without @entity453 [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.37 (0.18-0.74), P = 0.005], but not in @entity1 with stable [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.61-1.09), P = 0.159] and unstable [3rd vs. 1st tertile: HR (95% CI) = 0.91 (0.59-1.41), P = 0.675] @entity453 . These results were replicated by analyses in 3413 @entity1 of the AtheroGene cohort and 5738 @entity1 of the ESTHER cohort, and by a meta-analysis comprising all three cohorts. CONCLUSION: The inverse relationship of HDL @entity165 with @entity65 is weakened in @entity1 with @entity453 . The usefulness of considering HDL @entity165 for cardiovascular risk stratification seems limited in such @entity1 .

title: High-density lipoprotein @entity165 , XXXX , and @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular health', 'cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence and types of @entity395 ( @entity395 ) in Europe for 2000-2006 inclusive, and to describe prenatal diagnosis rates and pregnancy outcome. Data held by the European Surveillance of @entity154 database were analysed on all the cases from 16 population-based registries in 11 European countries diagnosed prenatally or before 1 year of age, and delivered between 2000 and 2006. Cases were all unbalanced @entity2008 and included live births, fetal @entity204 from 20 weeks gestation and terminations of pregnancy for @entity2241 . There were 10,323 cases with a @entity2008 , giving a total birth prevalence rate of 43.8/10,000 births. Of these, 7335 cases had trisomy 21,18 or 13, giving individual prevalence rates of 23.0, 5.9 and 2.3/10,000 births, respectively (53, 13 and 5% of all reported chromosome errors, respectively). In all, 473 cases (5%) had a sex chromosome trisomy, and 778 (8%) had 45,X, giving prevalence rates of 2.0 and 3.3/10,000 births, respectively. There were 1,737 RCA cases (17%), giving a prevalence of 7.4/10,000 births. These included triploidy, other trisomies, marker chromosomes, unbalanced translocations, deletions and duplications. There was a wide variation between the registers in both the overall prenatal diagnosis rate of RCA, an average of 65% (range 5-92%) and the prevalence of RCA (range 2.4-12.9/10,000 births). In all, 49% were liveborn. The data provide the prevalence of families currently requiring specialised genetic counselling services in the perinatal period for these conditions and, for some, long-term care.

title: Rare @entity2008 , prevalence and prenatal diagnosis rates from population-based XXXX registers in Europe.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Anomalies']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare chromosome abnormalities', 'RCAs']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities', 'chromosome abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomaly']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of interferon alfa-2a (IFN alfa) in severe @entity1596 associated with Beh  et's disease, that is refractory to @entity230 and conventional immunosuppressive agents. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with Beh  et's disease (according to the International Study Group criteria), who relapsed despite @entity230 and immunosuppressive agents, were included in this retrospective study. Ophthalmological examination, laser flare photometry, and @entity941 angiography associated with laboratory tests were performed at regular intervals. IFN alfa (3 millions units thrice a week) was injected subcutaneously. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (sex ratio: 1) were included between May 1995 and January 1999. The mean age was 29.1 years (14-54 years) and the disease was present between 11 and 167 months before the administration of IFN alfa. IFN alfa was efficient in all cases with a mean follow-up of 22 months (10-55 months). @entity230 were tapered from a mean dosage of 47 mg/d to a mean dosage of 8.5 mg/d. Ocular @entity32 was controlled and visual acuity improved in all cases. Treatment was generally well tolerated despite a constant but transient @entity683 . IFN alfa was tapered in three @entity1 and stopped in one case without any relapse after five months. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, low-dose IFN alfa seems to be well tolerated, promising in the management of refractory forms of @entity1596 due to Beh  et's disease, and effective in allowing a reduction of @entity134 dosage. A prospective controlled study is necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

title: Efficacy of interferon alfa-2a in severe and refractory XXXX associated with Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['flu-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare single dose systemic @entity1499 (50 mg/m2) with laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy. DESIGN: An open, pragmatic, prospective randomised trial. SETTING: Departments of obstetrics and gynaecology at three hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. @entity1 : Clinically stable @entity1 with an unruptured tubal pregnancy diagnosed by transvaginal ultrasound and quantitative serum beta-hCG measurement. Inclusion criteria included a serum beta-hCG concentration < 5,000 IU/L, and a tubal pregnancy of < 3.5 cm diameter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment success, physical and psychological functioning, side effects, and subsequent ipsilateral tubal patency. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighteen @entity1 with @entity5849 were seen at the three hospitals. 79 @entity1 (36% eligibility rate) were eligible for trial entry and 62 @entity1 (78% recruitment rate) were recruited. Twenty-six of the 28 @entity1 (93%) randomised to laparoscopic surgery required no further treatment, compared with 22 of the 34 @entity1 (65%) randomised to @entity1499 (95% CI of difference in success rate 10 - 47%; P < 0.01). Two @entity1 (7%) in the laparoscopic surgery group had persistent trophoblast. Nine @entity1 (26%) in the @entity1499 group required more than one dose of @entity1499 and five @entity1 (15%) underwent laparoscopy during follow up. In the laparoscopy group three @entity1 (11%) had negative laparoscopies and two @entity1 (7%) had were found to have a @entity5274 at the time of surgery. @entity1 treated with @entity1499 had significantly better objective physical functioning scores but there were no differences in any other psychological outcomes. @entity1 treated with @entity1499 experienced greater and more prolonged @entity3556 . The likelihood of @entity1499 treatment failure was greater at higher serum beta-hCG concentrations. Ipsilateral tubal patency rates were similar in each group. CONCLUSION: This trial shows that in the treatment of tubal pregnancy single dose systemic @entity1499 is a less effective treatment than laparoscopic salpingotomy. It is well tolerated, but should only be offered as an alternative to surgery to @entity1 who have mild symptoms and present at low serum beta-hCG concentrations. In our population this likely to be no more than a quarter of @entity1 presenting with a tubal pregnancy.

title: A randomised trial comparing single dose systemic XXXX and laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of unruptured tubal pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured fallopian tube']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: During the 1980s and 1990s the number, incidence rate and proportion of moderately differentiated @entity263 cases ascertained by population based @entity5 registries increased substantially. The increase is thought to have resulted from the widespread use of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) for screening because it occurred coincidentally with the introduction of @entity1486 for early detection of @entity263 . We investigate this increase in a population based study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To report the trends in @entity5 grade we conducted a blinded, standardized pathological study and reviewed medial records of a stratified random sample of cases diagnosed before and after the introduction of @entity1486 (1983 to 1984 and 1992 to 1993). @entity5 biopsy specimens or transurethral resection of the prostate specimens were reviewed for the diagnosis of @entity5 and assignment of Gleason score. Medical records were reviewed to determine the method of @entity263 detection for each case. RESULTS: We found a small but statistically insignificant shift in the distribution of Gleason scores assigned after review of biopsy or transurethral resection specimens. The proportion of Gleason score 2, 3 and 4 @entity5 decreased, and the proportion of 7, 8, 9 and 10 @entity5 as a group did not change. The shifts in Gleason score resulted in a slight statistically nonsignificant increase in mean Gleason score. There was a significant shift in the method of detection from predominately incidental detection in the earlier period to predominately screen detection in the later period. Because the proportion of screen detected @entity5 increased and they had a significantly higher mean Gleason score than incidentally detected @entity5 within each interval, the overall mean Gleason score increased. CONCLUSIONS: After a standardized pathological review a small shift in the distribution of Gleason scores occurred resulting in a small increase in mean Gleason score between 1983 and 1984, and 1992 and 1993. There was little change in the proportion of Gleason score 7, 8, 9 and 10 @entity5 between the 2 periods.

title: Trends in Gleason score for XXXX diagnosed between 1983 and 1993.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Archival tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A portosystemic stent shunt may impair cardiac function and haemodynamics. AIMS: To investigate the effects of a @entity5273 ( @entity5273 ) on cardiac function and pulmonary and systemic circulation in @entity1 with @entity7160 . @entity1 /METHODS: 17 @entity1 with @entity7160 and recent variceal bleeding were evaluated by echocardiography and catheterisation of the splanchnic and pulmonary circulation before and after @entity5273 . The period of catheter measurement was extended to nine hours in nine of the @entity1 . The portal vein was investigated by Doppler ultrasound before and nine hours after @entity5273 . RESULTS: Baseline echocardiography showed the left atrial diameter to be slightly increased and the left ventricular volume to be in the upper normal range. Nine hours after @entity5273 , the left atrial diameter and left ventricular end diastolic volume were increased (by 6% (p<0.01) and 7% (p<0.01) respectively); end systolic volume had not changed significantly. Invasive measurements showed a sharp increase in right atrial pressure (by 101%; p<0.01), mean pulmonary artery pressure (by 92%; p<0.01), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (by 111%; p<0.01), and cardiac output (8.1 (1.6) to 11.9 (2.4) l/min; p<0.01). Systemic vascular resistance decreased (824 (242) to 600 (265) dyn.s.cm-5 p<0.01), and total pulmonary resistance increased (140 (58.5) to 188 (69.5) dyn.s.cm-5; p<0.05). Total pulmonary resistance (12%; NS), cardiac output (1.4 l/min; p<0. 05), and portal vein blood flow (1.4 l/min; p<0.05) remained elevated for nine hours after @entity5273 in the subgroup. Portoatrial pressure gradient (43%; p<0.05), portohepatic vascular resistance (72%; p<0.05), and systemic vascular resistance (27%; p<0.01) were consistently reduced. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in the left atrial diameter, the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and total pulmonary resistance observed after the @entity5273 procedure reflected @entity67 of the hyperdynamic left ventricle in @entity1 with @entity7160 . The haemodynamic effects of the portosystemic stent shunt itself on the splanchnic circulation seem to be mainly responsible for the further decrease in systemic vascular resistance. @entity5273 may unmask a coexisting preclinical @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity7160 and @entity101 .

title: Cardiac function and haemodynamics in XXXX and effects of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5273 :: ('MESH:C562830', 'Disease') :: ['TIPS', 'transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity7160 :: ('MESH:D008104', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']

answer: @entity7160 :: (MESH:D008104,Disease) :: ['alcoholic cirrhosis']


abstract: General surgical complications after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are infrequent but serious. No prospective studies have evaluated their incidence. We analyzed in such a study 135 @entity1 who were to undergo CPB. Among these 135 @entity1 , an abdominal complication developed in 6.6%; it contributed to 2 of the 5 deaths. @entity86 was found in 36% of @entity1 , but only 2 had overt @entity788 . The @entity12828 was not due to the salivary component, @entity358 , or prolonged CPB (r = 0.22). A @entity360 occurred in 7 @entity1 . No @entity1 had acute @entity2679 . We conclude that abdominal complications are more frequent than reported in retrospective studies, and result in significant morbidity and mortality. @entity86 is common but usually is not associated with untoward morbidity or mortality.

title: A prospective study of XXXX and @entity788 after cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative hyperamylasemia']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12828 :: ('MESH:D034321', 'Disease') :: ['hyperamylasemia']

answer: @entity12828 :: (MESH:D034321,Disease) :: ['hyperamylasemia']


abstract: We describe a new dominant allele, StarKojak, that alters receptor @entity669 kinase signaling in the follicle cells and in the eyes in @entity238 . We isolated StarKojak in a screen for follicle-cell-dependent dominant female sterile mutations. We show that StarKojak and revertants of StarKojak do not complement Star loss-of-function mutations. We propose that StarKojak is a novel type of allele of Star that has both dominant gain-of-function phenotypes early in development and dominant loss-of-function phenotypes later in development. Star encodes a putative transmembrane protein that has previously been shown to be a critical component of the @entity11735 @entity669 kinase signaling pathway. Early in oogenesis, Star mRNA expression is higher in StarKojak egg chambers than in wild-type egg chambers, consistent with its gain-of-function phenotype. Later in oogenesis, Star mRNA expression is lower in StarKojak follicle cells than in wild-type follicle cells, consistent with its loss-of-function phenotype. By genetically analyzing StarKojak and its revertants, we present evidence that Star is involved in anterior-posterior @entity2270 formation both in the female germline cells and in the somatic follicle cells. We also demonstrate that at least part of the dominant female sterile phenotype of StarKojak is restricted to the posterior-pole follicle cells. We propose that Star functions by processing pro-Gurken to mature Gurken, which is thereby released in the region between the oocyte and the follicle cells and binds to the @entity11735 in the follicle cells.

title: A novel follicle-cell-dependent dominant female sterile allele, StarKojak, alters receptor @entity669 kinase signaling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity11735 :: ('37455(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Modern induction chemotherapy produces 60% to 80% complete remissions in adults with newly diagnosed @entity3052 . A major challenge is to eradicate subclinical disease in remission and prevent leukemic relapse. We analyzed the long-term results of high-dose @entity2592 - @entity4349 consolidation chemotherapy without maintenance treatment and examined the effect of major prognostic factors, including age, sex, history of @entity4462 , and cytogenetics. Two hundred twenty-seven @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity3052 were enrolled on two sequential studies conducted from 1982 to 1991. One hundred fifty-one @entity1 (67%) achieved a complete remission. One hundred twenty-three @entity1 were eligible for high-dose @entity2592 -based consolidation administered in two to three courses. After a median follow-up of 4.8 years, 40 @entity1 remain alive, with 28 in continued remission. Median remission duration for all eligible @entity1 is 12.8 months, and actuarial @entity1778 ( @entity1778 ) at 5 years is 26% +/- 8%. Advanced age and male sex were negative prognostic indicators for @entity1778 . For @entity1 < or = 45 years of age, 5-year @entity1778 was 35% +/- 13%, as compared with 18% +/- 11% for @entity1 greater than age 45 (P = .03). @entity137 of consolidation chemotherapy included treatment-related @entity204 in nine @entity1 and serious @entity2359 in five. Our results show an improved @entity1778 for younger @entity1 treated with high-dose @entity2592 -based consolidation. There was no apparent benefit for older @entity1 compared with reported data with less intensive regimens.

title: Long-term outcome of high-dose XXXX -based consolidation chemotherapy for adults with @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4462 :: ('MESH:D011289', 'Disease') :: ['preleukemia']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukemia', 'acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['LFS', 'leukemia-free survival']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2592 :: (MESH:D003561,Chemical) :: ['cytarabine']


abstract: Previous studies describe a unique culture method for the commitment of @entity19 embryonic stem cells to early endocrine pancreata. In this report, early pancreatic-like beta-cell progenitors were enriched and a colony assay devised to allow these progenitors to differentiate into insulin-expressing colonies in vitro. An embryonic stem cell line with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) inserted into one allele of @entity37773 ( @entity37773 ), a marker for pancreatic endocrine progenitors, was differentiated. During the late stage of culture, 20-30% of cells were @entity37773 -EGFP(+). Gene expression profiling using the PancChip microarray platform demonstrated that @entity37773 -EGFP(+) cells differentially express endocrine-related genes. A novel semisolid culture method was developed to support the formation of individual insulin/C-peptide-expressing colonies from dissociated single cells. Approximately 0.1-0.6% of @entity37773 -EGFP(+) cells gave rise to insulin-expressing colonies, a three- to fivefold enrichment of beta-cell-like progenitors, or insulin-expressing colony-forming units (ICFUs), compared with nonsorted cells. All of the single colonies expressed @entity15979 , while 69% coexpressed @entity15981 and 44% coexpressed glucagon. Some single colonies expressed @entity37774 , and @entity15980 ( @entity15980 ), but not glucagon. In other colonies, glucagon expression overlapped with C-peptide II in double immunostaining analysis, suggesting heterogeneity among the ICFUs and their resulting colonies. Together, these results demonstrate that progenitors that have the potential to give rise to insulin-expressing cells can be derived from @entity19 embryonic stem cells.

title: Insulin-expressing colonies developed from XXXX embryonic stem cell-derived progenitors.

entities_list: @entity15980 :: ('18609(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Pdx-1', 'pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: The clinical and radiological characteristics of 217 consecutive episodes of gram-negative @entity55 occurring in 189 adult @entity5 @entity1 between November 1968 and December 1974 were analyzed. The majority of @entity1 had @entity3052 (54%). Fever larger than or equal to 101 degrees F was the single most common symptom and sign of the presence of @entity281 (90%). Next in frequency were crepitant rales (65%), cough (41%), @entity1353 (19%) and @entity662 (18%). Radiographic evidence of @entity55 was found in 83% of cases and it consisted mainly of alveolar infiltrates involving both lung fields and predominantly the bases. Up to one-third of the @entity1 had normal chestx-ray examinations at the onset of @entity281 , though they subsequently became abnormal in 42% of them. The majority of @entity1 (81%) whose initial chest x-rays did not reveal the presence of @entity55 were @entity1398 (less than 1000 circumlating neutrophils/mm3). @entity4005 sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were the most common infecting organisms. The overall cure rate was 61%; 70% for @entity4005 sp. @entity281 and 64% for Pseudomonas sp. @entity281 . @entity1997 occurred in 14% of the cases. Cures were related to the antibiotic sensitivity of the infecting organisms and to the number of circulating neutrophils during the period of @entity281 . Best results were obtained with the administration of @entity801 , the newer @entity4028 antibiotic @entity12894 , @entity2890 and @entity4509 , or the combination of @entity801 with @entity7911 or with @entity2886 . Early and vigorous therapy of gram-negative @entity55 with appropriate antibiotics has improved the prognosis of this @entity281 at our institution.

title: Gram-negative XXXX in the compromised host.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary abscesses']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['bacillary pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7911 :: ('MESH:D002228', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenicillin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity12894 :: ('MESH:D012853', 'Chemical') :: ['sisomicin']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['bacillary pneumonia']


abstract: AIM: Tourniquet-induced ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion cause serious ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) @entity3161 (NMJ) and skeletal muscle. Here, we investigated whether @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) promotes long-term functional recovery of the NMJ and skeletal muscle in tourniquet-induced hindlimb IR. METHODS: Unilateral hindlimb of C57/BL6 @entity19 was subjected to 3  h of ischaemia following 6  weeks of reperfusion (6-wk IR). @entity9170 treatment began on the day of IR induction and lasted for different periods. Sciatic nerve-stimulated gastrocnemius muscle contraction was detected in  situ. Function of the NMJ was measured in  situ using electrophysiological recording of the miniature endplate potential (mEPP) and endplate potential (EPP). Western blot was used to detect protein expression of nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) in gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS: Gastrocnemius muscle contraction in @entity19 with 6-wk IR was about 60% of normal skeletal muscle contraction recorded in age-matched sham @entity19 . The amplitude of the mEPP and EPP was lower in @entity19 with 6-wk IR, compared to sham @entity19 . @entity9170 treatment for 1 or 3  days did not restore the function of the NMJ and improve gastrocnemius muscle contraction in @entity19 with 6-wk IR. @entity9170 treatment for 1  week exerted a maximum effect on improving the function of the NMJ and skeletal muscle, with the effect of @entity9170 gradually lessening with prolonged @entity9170 treatment. There are no significant differences in protein expression of nAChR-a1 and nAChR-b1 subunits in the gastrocnemius muscle among all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity9170 promotes repair of the NMJ and subsequently restores skeletal muscle contractile function in tourniquet-induced 6-wk IR.

title: @entity619 promotes long-term functional recovery of neuromuscular junction in a XXXX model of tourniquet-induced ischaemia-reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['injury in the neuromuscular junction']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity291 @entity1271 is a @entity66 in the dairy industry that does not always respond to antibiotic treatment. The major components of terpeneless, cold-pressed @entity7588 oil, @entity22529 , @entity22527 , decanal, and @entity38646 , were examined as potential alternative treatments for @entity794 associated @entity1271 . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all four components against @entity16330 was determined after 24 h incubation. Growth inhibition assay was performed for all effective components on @entity16330 for either a 3 h or 72 h treatment. These components were tested for the ability to disrupt pre-formed @entity16330 biofilms after 24 h of treatment by measuring absorbances at 540nm. @entity137 against immortalized @entity291 mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells was measured using @entity98 assay following a 1 h exposure. Only concentrations below the 50% cytostatic concentration (CC50) were used in an adherence and invasion assay of @entity16330 on MAC-T cells and measurements of gene expression for virulence and biofilm genes via qPCR. The MICs of @entity22529 and @entity22527 were 0.02% and 0.12%, respectively, but decanal and @entity38646 were ineffective. @entity22529 and @entity22527 were capable of inhibiting growth of @entity16330 after 24 h at their MIC values and inhibited pre-formed biofilms of @entity16330 . The concentrations below CC50 were 0.02% for @entity22529 , and 0.12% for @entity22527 . These concentrations inhibited the adhesion and invasion ability of @entity16330 and downregulated virulence genes. Only 0.12% @entity22527 downregulated the expression of @entity16330 biofilm forming genes. These components should be considered in further in vivo study.

title: Major components of orange oil inhibit XXXX growth and biofilms formation, and alter its virulence factors.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['costly disease']

entities_list: @entity22529 :: ('MESH:C007076', 'Chemical') :: ['Citral', 'citral']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity7588 :: ('2711', 'Species') :: ['Valencia orange']

entities_list: @entity38646 :: ('MESH:C506706', 'Chemical') :: ['valencene']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the function of @entity404 + @entity2902 + and @entity403 + T (Treg) cell and related cytokine in the Uygur @entity1 with @entity2622 and @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 170 Uygur @entity1 were recruited in the study from January 2007 to January 2011. The study group was comprised of normal controls, cases of primary @entity2622 / @entity3146 , and @entity2622 / @entity3146 treated with surgery. The following parameters were examined: clinicopathologic features of @entity1 , percentage of @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + Treg cell in blood and @entity403 mRNA expression in @entity404 + @entity2902 high T cell concentration of serum cytokine. @entity1 with primary @entity2622 / @entity3146 after being treated with surgery were compared to the normal controls. Where appropriate, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the function of the Treg and related cytokine. RESULTS: The percentages of @entity404 + @entity2902 + Treg were detected as well as in the blood of @entity189 @entity1 and @entity3146 /III, but the number of cells was much higher compared to both control and @entity3146 I groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant correlation between the expression of @entity403 mRNA and pathological changes was found. The secretion levels of @entity688 , and @entity2533 correlated positively with the process of @entity189 . Furthermore, after surgical operation, the number of Treg cells and related cytokines were decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, the authors would like to highlight that @entity404 + @entity2902 + Treg, especially the @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + Treg and @entity2533 play important roles in @entity2622 , and may have a correlation with survival. Therefore, the inhibitory function of @entity2533 depletion of Treg cells in combination with other anti- @entity5 therapies could optimize eradication of @entity5 .

title: @entity404 + @entity2902 + XXXX + Treg and @entity2533 play important roles in pathogenesis of @entity2622 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['Uygur cervical carcinoma', 'cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN II', 'CIN']

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['Foxp3']


abstract: This report describes the clinical and pathological aspects of an @entity189 with distant @entity3 in an aged @entity235 . A 7-year-old male terrier @entity235 was referred to small animal hospital of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman with a 5.5 3.5 centimeter pedunculated mass on its head near left auricular region which had been progressively growing since three months ago. The radiography showed no local and distant @entity3 . Surgical excision and histological evaluation was done. Histologically, the mass was composed of epithelial cells arranged in glandular and solid patterns. The morphologic findings suggested either a primary or metastatic @entity189 . Immunohistochemically, the @entity5 cells were intensely positive for @entity41902 and 20 and negative for S100 protein. On the basis of histopathological and clinical findings, the @entity5 was diagnosed as a @entity5 , arising from apocrine sweat glands of the skin. Local @entity5 recurrence with @entity448 and @entity353 was reported by the owner nine month later. Severe submandibular and prescapular lymphadenomegaly was noted in clinical examination. Several large pulmonary nodules were noted in chest radiographs resembling mediastinal lymph node @entity3 . Second surgery and chemotherapy was rejected by the owner due to grave prognosis of the @entity1 . The animal was died 45 days later due to @entity1576 . @entity5 of apocrine sweat glands are relatively uncommon in @entity235 whereas apocrine gland @entity420 with distant @entity3 is extremely rare.

title: Metastatic apocrine sweat gland XXXX in a terrier @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'malignant apocrine gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['apocrine sweat gland carcinoma', 'apocrine-gland carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A variety of @entity146 manifestations can be seen in @entity1 below the age of 18 years. Such cases rarely present directly to @entity146 care. METHODS: Retrospective study in Tertiary care hospital . The study population included all the @entity1 of paediatric age group presenting to Psychiatry Outpatient Department of Dhulikhel Hospital directly or referred by a paediatrician or other specialists from October 2008 to October 2010. RESULTS: Among the paediatric population evaluated in the psychiatry clinic for two years from October 2008 to October 2010 (N = 168), 66.7% were in the age group 15-18 years {mean = 14.77 (   2.99)}, 71.4% were female and 42.3% belonged to Brahmin cast. The highest number of (15%) @entity1 was seen during the month of August 2010. Six months analysis of the @entity146 illnesses of the @entity1 from April 2010 up to October 2010 (n = 80) showed @entity4785 (15%), and @entity302 (15%) to be the most common diagnoses, followed by @entity308 and intentional self harm (ISH) (13.8% each). 15% of @entity1 were found to be treated by magico-religious means, with the majority of @entity1 (66.7%) diagnosed as @entity4785 . CONCLUSION: The majority of the paediatric population presenting to a psychiatry clinic were in the age group 15-18 years and of female sex. @entity4785 was the most common diagnosis followed by @entity308 . The majority of @entity1 with @entity4785 had previously been treated by magico-religious means.

title: XXXX in the paediatric population presenting to a psychiatry clinic in a tertiary care centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociative disorder', 'Dissociative disorder', 'having dissociative disorder']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['Psychiatric illness']


abstract: Cardiac stem cells (CSCs) were known to secrete diverse paracrine factors leading to functional improvement and beneficial left ventricular remodeling via activation of the endogenous pro-survival signaling pathway. However, little is known about the paracrine factors secreted by CSCs and their roles in cardiomyocyte survival during hypoxic condition mimicking the post- @entity583 environment. We established @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized CSCs ( @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT)), evaluated their stem cell properties, and paracrine potential in cardiomyocyte survival during @entity519 -induced injury. @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) sustained proliferation ability even after long-term culture exceeding 100 population doublings, and represented multi-differentiation potential into cardiomyogenic, endothelial, adipogenic, and osteogenic lineages. Dominant factors secreted from @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) were EGF, @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2842 , @entity1916 , and @entity650 . Among these, @entity2842 was the most predominant factor in @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) conditioned medium (CM). @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) CM increased survival and reduced apoptosis of HL-1 cardiomyocytes during @entity130 . @entity2842 silencing in @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) CM resulted in a significant reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. We demonstrated that @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) exhibited long-term proliferation capacity and multi-differentiation potential. @entity29467 +/ @entity2279 - CSCs(hTERT) CM protected cardiomyocytes from @entity130 partly via @entity2842 -dependent mechanism. Thus, they are valuable sources for in vitro and in vivo studies in the cardiovascular field.

title: Cardiac Stem Cell Secretome Protects Cardiomyocytes from @entity130 Partly via XXXX -Dependent Mechanism.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic injury']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1']


abstract: @entity11 is the most common type of primary @entity5 . @entity11 are very difficult to completely resect due to their invasiveness. In the present study, we compared fluorescence-guided and standard bright-light resection of a @entity1 @entity11 orthotopically implanted in @entity19 . U87 @entity1 @entity11 cells, expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP), were injected stereotactically into the nude @entity19 brain through a craniotomy open window. Two weeks after @entity5 were resected under fluorescence guidance or under bright light. U87-RFP @entity5 were clearly visualized with a long-working distance fluorescence microscope. Almost all @entity5 cells were removed using fluorescence-guided navigation without damage to the brain tissue. In contrast, @entity1313 were difficult to visualize under bright light and many @entity5 cells remained in the brain after bright-light surgery. Fluorescence-guided surgery significantly extended the survival of the @entity19 compared to those who underwent bright-light surgery. These results suggest that fluorescence-guided surgery has significant potential for @entity1313 treatment.

title: Enhanced resection of orthotopic red-fluorescent-protein-expressing @entity1 XXXX by fluorescence-guided surgery in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain cancer', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-cell implantation, gliomas', 'residual cancer', 'central nervous system cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'glioma', 'Malignant glioma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: @entity859 , @entity1421 , or increased intracellular @entity1919 concentration each elicit potent anti-inflammatory events in @entity1 neutrophils by inhibiting functions such as phagocytosis, @entity224 production, adhesion and cytokine release. However, the endogenous molecular pathways mediating these actions are poorly understood. In the present study, we examined their impact on the gene expression profile of stimulated neutrophils. Purified blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated with a cocktail of inflammatory agonists in the presence of at least one of the following anti-inflammatory agents: @entity859 A(2A) receptor agonist @entity15997 , @entity1421 , @entity1919 -elevating compounds @entity1928 and @entity1926 . Total RNA was analyzed using gene chips and real-time PCR. Genes encoding transcription factors, enzymes and regulatory proteins, as well as secreted cytokines/chemokines showed differential expression. We identified 15 genes for which the anti-inflammatory agents altered mRNA levels. The agents affected the expression profile in remarkably similar fashion, suggesting a central mechanism limiting cell activation. We have identified a set of genes that may be part of important resolution pathways that interfere with cell activation. Identification of these pathways will improve understanding of the capacity of tissues to terminate inflammatory responses and contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies based on endogenous resolution.

title: Impact of anti-inflammatory agents on the gene expression profile of stimulated XXXX neutrophils: unraveling endogenous resolution pathways.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine', 'adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic-AMP', 'cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Due to the lack of cell migration, plant organogenesis relies on coordinated cell proliferation, cell growth, and differentiation. A flower possesses a complex structure, with sepals and petals constituting the perianth, and stamens and pistils where male and female gametophytes differentiate. While advances have been made in our understanding of gene regulatory networks controlling flower development, relatively little is known of how cell-cell coordination influences floral organ specification. The @entity958 ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinases, ER, @entity42850 ( @entity42850 ), and @entity42851 , regulate inflorescence architecture, organ shape, and epidermal stomatal patterning. Here it is reported that ER-family genes together regulate floral meristem organization and floral organ identity. The stem cell marker @entity30457 exhibits misplaced expression in the floral meristems of the er @entity42850 @entity42851 mutant. Strikingly, homeotic conversion of sepals to carpels was observed in er @entity42850 @entity42851 flowers. Consistently, ectopic expression of AGAMOUS, which determines carpel identity, was detected in er @entity42850 @entity42851 flower primordia. Among the known downstream components of ER-family receptor kinases in stomatal patterning, YODA (YDA) is also required for proper floral patterning. YDA and the ER-family show complex, synergistic genetic interactions: er @entity42850 @entity42851 yda quadruple mutant plants become extremely small, callus-like masses. While a constitutively active YDA fully rescues stomatal clustering in er @entity42850 @entity42851 , it only partially rescues er @entity42850 @entity42851 flower defects. The study suggests that ER-family signalling is crucial for ensuring proper expression domains of floral meristem and floral organ identity determinants, and further implies the existence of a non-canonical downstream pathway.

title: Regulation of floral patterning and organ identity by XXXX ERECTA-family receptor kinase genes.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to @entity4581 resistance, the current efficacy of @entity1534 first-line triple therapies including @entity4581 is low. It seems reasonable to explore alternative @entity4581 -free therapies. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of triple therapy including a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI), @entity115 and @entity868 (PAM) as first-line @entity1534 therapy by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Studies evaluating PAM in adult @entity1 were included. Meta-analyses comparing PAM with other treatments were performed. The primary endpoint was the ITT eradication rate for @entity1534 first-line treatment. In addition, sensitivity analyses ascertained the effects of treatment schedule, dosage and duration on cure rates. RESULTS: Ninety-four studies (8061 @entity1 ) were included. Meta-analyses comparing PAM versus @entity4581 -including triple therapies showed a significant difference in favour of PPI, @entity115 and @entity4581 (PAC) (70% versus 77.1%; OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.56-0.88) and PPI, @entity868 and @entity4581 (PMC) therapy (66.4% versus 77.7%; OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.39-0.76). Sensitivity analyses showed a similar efficacy of PAM versus PAC when drugs were administered for 14 days (80% versus 84%; OR=0.70, 95% CI=0.44-1.12). There were not enough studies to perform further comparisons. Number of antibiotic doses (P=0.012), length of treatment (P<0.001) and use of high @entity868 doses (P=0.021) were related to higher cure rates in the sensitivity analysis including observational studies. CONCLUSIONS: PAM was less efficacious than @entity4581 -including triple therapies. However, its efficacy was similar to that of PAC when drugs were administered for 14 days, although ITT cure rates did not reach 90%. Use of 14 day, thrice daily and high- @entity868 -dose PAM treatments markedly increased the cure rate.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis: triple therapy combining a proton-pump inhibitor, XXXX and @entity868 for @entity1534 first-line treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']