abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the @entity4048 or scapular regions in @entity1 with @entity614 originates from the compressed root and whether the site of @entity158 is useful for diagnosing the level. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The @entity158 has been thought to be caused not by root compression but by instability caused by @entity1797 or zygapophysial joint @entity571 because it usually precedes radicular symptoms in the arm/fingers. METHODS: The subjects were 50 consecutive @entity1 with @entity158 as well as arm/finger symptoms, who underwent single-root decompression alone. The involved roots were C5 in 9 @entity1 , C6 in 14, C7 in 14, and C8 in 13. RESULTS: The @entity158 preceded the arm/fingers symptoms in 35 @entity1 (70%). Although the @entity158 had lasted for more than 7 months on average before surgery, it was relieved early after surgery in 46 @entity1 (92%). When the @entity158 site was suprascapular, C5 or C6 @entity614 was frequent (P < 0.01). When it was interscapular, C7 or C8 @entity614 was frequent (P < 0.001). When it was scapular, C8 @entity614 was frequent (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 in the suprascapular, interscapular, or scapular regions can originate directly in the compressed root. The site of the @entity158 is valuable for determining localization of the involved root.

title: Cervical roots as origin of XXXX or scapular regions.

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the neck']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy', 'cervical radiculopathy']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['pain in the neck']


abstract: In 28 @entity1 with first @entity583 plasma @entity2661 and thrombocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors were studied. The first determination (by HPLC and radioligand binding, respectively) was performed immediately after hospital admission and 6 weeks later. In the acute phase of @entity583 plasma @entity1425 and @entity1063 levels were high. No significant differences in thrombocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors and plasma concentrations of @entity1425 and @entity1063 were observed between @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 . In three non-surviving @entity1 only the affinity of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor to the radioligand was decreased (P less than 0.05), the relatively high @entity2922 levels failed to reach statistical significance. Six weeks after hospital admission, @entity1425 plasma levels were significantly decreased in @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 , while @entity1063 was only lowered in non- @entity6 @entity1 (P less than 0.05). Only in this group did the receptor number (BMAX) show a significant elevation 6 weeks after hospital admission. We conclude that, in @entity583 , alpha 2-adrenoceptors mainly interact with @entity1063 . Accordingly, no adrenoceptor alteration occurred in @entity6 @entity1 , who showed only a decrease in @entity1425 but not in @entity1063 plasma concentrations 6 weeks following @entity583 . The different patterns in @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 suggest an alteration of @entity2922 metabolism in @entity6 .

title: XXXX and thrombocyte alpha 2-adrenoceptors in @entity1 with @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamines']


abstract: This study was conducted to determine whether sex differences in opioid antinociception may be explained by sex differences in opioid receptor activation. The time course, dose-effect and selectivity of antagonists that have been previously shown to be relatively mu ( @entity5541 , @entity5541 ), kappa ( @entity14719 , norBNI), or delta ( @entity5172 , NTI) receptor selective in male animals were compared in female and male @entity35 using a 52 degrees C hotplate test. In both sexes, @entity5541 (10 or 20 microg intracerebroventricularly [i.c.v.]) dose-dependently blocked the antinociceptive effects of @entity3575 (0.056 mg/kg subcutaneously); antagonism was observed 24 h after @entity5541 , and diminished within 7-14 days. In both sexes, norBNI (1 or 10 microg i.c.v.) dose-dependently blocked the antinociceptive effects of @entity25838 (1.0 mg/kg subcutaneously); antagonism was maximal by 1-3 days post-norBNI and lasted longer than 56 days. NTI (1 or 10 microg i.c.v.) dose-dependently blocked the antinociceptive effects of [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity10971 ( @entity13848 , 100 nmol i.c.v.) in both sexes; however, the duration of action of NTI was shorter in females than in males. The antinociceptive effects of the mu receptor-preferring agonists @entity3575 , @entity1286 and @entity4783 were significantly and dose-dependently antagonized by @entity5541 , but not by norBNI or NTI, in both sexes. @entity5541 antagonism was significantly greater in females compared with males given @entity1286 , but not @entity3575 or @entity4783 . The antinociceptive effects of the kappa receptor-preferring agonists U69,593 and U50,488 were significantly and dose-dependently antagonized by norBNI; U50,488 but not U69,593 was also antagonized to a lesser extent by NTI and @entity5541 , in both sexes. The antinociceptive effect of the delta receptor-preferring agonist @entity13847 was significantly antagonized by NTI, but not by norBNI or @entity5541 , in both sexes. The sex difference in @entity5541 antagonism of @entity1286 suggests that there may be sex differences in functional mu opioid receptor reserve or signal transduction; however, the lack of consistency across all mu agonists weakens this hypothesis. Overall, the opioids tested had very similar receptor selectivity in male and female subjects.

title: Receptor-selective antagonism of opioid antinociception in female versus male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5541 :: ('MESH:C024524', 'Chemical') :: ['Beta-FNA', 'beta-funaltrexamine', 'beta-FNA']

entities_list: @entity5172 :: ('MESH:C055382', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrindole']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity14719 :: ('MESH:C051844', 'Chemical') :: ['norbinaltorphimine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Sidebottom et al. have previously shown that one occipitomental 15 degrees view (OM15) is sufficient for screening the majority of cases of @entity130 . This audit study investigates the effect of introducing a one-view OM15 screening policy into the Accident _ Emergency department (A_E) of a district general hospital. Six hundred and twenty-one @entity1 had midfacial radiographic screening over a one-year period. Six hundred and one @entity1 had all notes and radiographs available. Only eight required further views to confirm diagnosis. Thirty-eight @entity174 were diagnosed with two insignificant @entity174 of the antral wall missed. The cost saving was Pound Sterling 2082.50 for films alone. Eighty hours of radiographer time were additionally saved. There was no increase in referrals to the maxillofacial team. Single-view radiographic screening for @entity130 in A_E attenders is both safe and economical. Extrapolated to the UK population as a whole this would amount to a cost saving to the National Health Service of Pound Sterling 500000.

title: Single view radiographic screening of midfacial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['midfacial injury', 'midfacial injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity900 can induce severe @entity8 . However, the degree and pattern of hydration that is most efficient at preventing it have scarcely been formally evaluated. We here performed a prospective feasibility study of @entity900 -based chemotherapy with short-term low-volume hydration in @entity2 . METHODS: Chemo-na  ve @entity1 with @entity2 and reserving renal function who were suitable for @entity900 use (>= 60 mg/m(2) on Day 1) were eligible for this study. Two-and-a-half-liter hydration within    4.5 h was investigated. The primary end point was the proportion of @entity1 who underwent @entity900 -based chemotherapy without any Grade 2 or more @entity8 in the first cycle. RESULTS: A total of 46 @entity1 were registered, all of whom were evaluable for @entity8 . The median baseline @entity1011 score was 0.70 mg/dl and the median @entity900 dose on Day 1 was 80 mg/m(2). In the first cycle, none of the @entity1 developed Grade 2 or more @entity1011 @entity137 , which met the primary endpoint. Four @entity1 (9%) had Grade 1 @entity137 , with a median worst @entity1011 score of 1.19 mg/dl, but it disappeared rapidly. @entity1011 @entity137 was influenced by several clinical factors, including the performance status. Ten @entity1 (22%) needed extra hydration during the first cycle, mainly due to @entity344 . However, all 10 were able to undergo further cycles of treatment. Thirty-two (86%) of the 37 @entity1 who were assumed to be able to undergo further treatment at our institute received it in an outpatient setting. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated prospectively the feasibility of short-term low-volume hydration.

title: Reappraisal of short-term low-volume hydration in @entity900 -based chemotherapy: results of a prospective feasibility study in XXXX in the Okayama @entity2 Study Group Trial 1002.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['advanced lung cancer']


abstract: Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy is technically feasible, but objective evidence of its benefits remains scarce. This study was done to evaluate the outcomes and operative stress of laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus the traditional open method in the management of sigmoid complex @entity1127 that cannot be safely or adequately removed by colonofibroscopy. Between January 1997 and December 1999, a total of 42 @entity1 were equally randomized to the laparoscopy group and the laparotomy group by the blocked randomization method. Three @entity1 randomized to the laparoscopy group did not complete the trial; therefore 18 @entity1 treated by laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy and the other 21 treated by the open method were prospectively evaluated. These two groups of @entity1 were well matched in age, gender, symptoms, @entity5 location, localization method, @entity5 size, morphology, histopathology, and the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis. Two standardized surgical strategies, the lateral-to-medial and medial-to-lateral dissection sequences, were performed in 14 and 4 @entity1 of the laparoscopy group, respectively, according to whether their @entity5 were located above or below 20 cm above the anal verge. After evaluating the surgical outcomes, we found that the laparoscopy group was significantly better than the laparotomy group in regard to parameters that included severity of @entity282 , wound size, postoperative complication rate, and the duration of @entity86 , hospitalization, and disability. There was no significant difference in the operating times for these two groups. However, the costs of the laparoscopy group were significantly higher. To evaluate the surgical stress, we measured the serum @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total lymphocyte count, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio 24 hours before and after surgery. We found that the postoperative serum @entity1851 level and the ESR were significantly less elevated and the total lymphocyte counts and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly less depressed in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group. We thus concluded that laparoscopy-assisted sigmoidectomy can be safely performed with shorter convalescence and less operative stress but at a higher cost. We strongly recommended the use of this technique in the management of sigmoid complex @entity1127 if the @entity1 's economic status permits.

title: Prospective evaluation of laparoscopy-assisted colectomy versus laparotomy with resection for management of complex XXXX of the sigmoid colon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['polyps']


abstract: Diploid gynogenesis was induced in @entity17899 ( @entity17899 ) eggs using UV-irradiated genetically inactive spermatozoa from @entity7136 ( @entity7136 L.) or @entity54239 ( @entity54239 ), with or without @entity1457 . The optimal radiation dosage was 4,200 mJ/cm2 and 3,600 mJ/cm2 for @entity7136 and @entity54239 sperm, respectively. At this dosage and without @entity1457 , the yields were (32.4 +/- 3.3)% vs. (33.8 +/- 1.4)% gynogenetic haploids and (0.7 +/- 0.3)% vs. (0.5 +/- 0.3)% hybrid diploids, respectively. At the optimal UV dosage but with @entity1457 (2 min after fertilization, 0-4 degrees C for 40 min), the hatching rates were (27.8 +/- 2.1)% and (29.4 +/- 3.3)%, respectively. From hatching to feeding, (15.7 +/- 3.4)% and (23.6 +/- 4.1)% normal gynogenetic diploids were recorded, respectively. Survival of normal gynogenetic diploids was 56% out of the hatched fry when using irradiated spermatozoa of @entity7136 , which was lower than that (up to 80%) when using irradiated spermatozoa of @entity54239 . This indicated that the sperm of @entity54239 , with distant genetic relation to the maternal @entity17899 , was more effective than that of @entity7136 to induce diploid gynogenesis. The nature of the gynogenetic progeny was identified with external appearance, chromosome number and gonad structure. The presence of only females in gynogenetic progeny probably suggested XX genotype in the female @entity17899 . The gynogenetic diploids have potential values such as faster growth and stronger disease resistance than the normal @entity17899 . All gynogenetic progeny possessed 100 chromosomes whereas all J x B crosses were triploid with 124 chromosomes. The formation of the new triploid hybrids in J x B crosses may be useful in aquaculture.

title: Induction of gynogenesis in XXXX ( @entity17899 ).

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['Cyprinus carpio', 'mirror carp']

entities_list: @entity17899 :: ('52617', 'Species') :: ['Japanese crucian carp', 'Carassius cuvieri']

entities_list: @entity54239 :: ('75352', 'Species') :: ['Megalobrama amblycephala', 'blunt snout bream']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['cold shock']

answer: @entity17899 :: (52617,Species) :: ['Japanese crucian carp']


abstract: Peripheral neural regeneration, over a 10-mm transectional gap, was determined in 70 @entity95 buccal divisions of the facial nerve using two entubational systems (semipermeable and impermeable @entity1346 chambers) prefilled with three natural occurring media (serum, blood, and saline) during a 5-week period. The number of myelinated axonal regenerates at the midchamber and at 2 mm in the distal transected neural stump were counted in each group and compared to pooled myelinated axonal counts in 9 normal @entity95 buccal divisions of the facial nerve. Semipermeable porous chambers had an overall greater regeneration success rate (75% vs. 42.8%) and regained, on the average, a higher number of myelinated axons (51.4% vs. 26.1%) than @entity1346 chamber regenerates. Semipermeable chambers prefilled with serum or blood had significantly higher regeneration success rates, myelinated axonal counts, and percentages of neural innervation of the distal transected neural stump. Both entubational systems produced similar axonal counts with intraluminal saline. The highest overall success rate (93.7%) and average number of myelinated axons per chamber (3072) were achieved in semipermeable chambers prefilled with serum. The greatest variability in myelinated axonal counts (0 to 3266 axons) and percentage of distal stump innervation (5.5% to 98.1%) was seen in @entity1346 chambers filled with saline. The percentage of myelinated axons from the midchamber that innervated the distal stump was greater in semipermeable chambers with blood (73%) and serum (54%) than in @entity1346 saline chambers (43%). On the average, the distal stumps from semipermeable chambers filled with serum (47%) and blood (33.5%) regained a higher percentage of normal myelinated axonal counts than @entity1346 -saline chambers (12.5%). These results suggest that both the construction of entubational chamber and the intraluminal medium can have significant influence on neurite regeneration. Semipermeable chambers prefilled with serum have a strong neurite-promoting potential in peripheral neural regeneration of @entity95 facial nerves.

title: Facial nerve regeneration through semipermeable chambers in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether @entity167 use at the initiation of an @entity52 ( @entity52 ) cycle is associated with @entity52 outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, @entity1 and @entity1 completed a self-administered questionnaire before their first @entity52 cycle. @entity1 reported @entity167 type, amount, and frequency consumed. Discrete survival analysis was applied to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for live birth-the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were cycle characteristics and points of failure in the @entity52 process (cycle cancellation, failed fertilization, implantation failure, and @entity2208 ). We conducted multicycle analyses with final models adjusted for potential confounders that included cycle number, cigarette use, body mass index, and age. RESULTS: A total of 2,545 couples contributed 4,729 cycles. Forty-one percent of @entity1 and 58% of @entity1 drank one to six drinks per week. @entity1 drinking at least four drinks per week had 16% less odds of a live birth rate compared with those who drank fewer than four drinks per week (OR 0.84, CI 0.71-0.99). For couples in which both partners drank at least four drinks per week, the odds of live birth were 21% lower compared with couples in which both drank fewer than four drinks per week (OR 0.79; CI 0.66-0.96). CONCLUSION: Consumption of as few as four alcoholic drinks per week is associated with a decrease in @entity52 live birth rate. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Effect of @entity167 consumption on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in vitro fertilization']


abstract: The function of the proteasome has been linked to various pathologies, including @entity5 and @entity179 . Proteasomal inhibition can lead to @entity204 in a variety of cell types, however the manner in which this occurs is unclear, and may depend on the particular cell type. In this work we have extended previous findings pertaining to the effects of pharmacological proteasomal inhibitors on PC12 cells, by examining in more detail the induced @entity204 pathway. We find that cell @entity204 is apoptotic by ultrastructural criteria. @entity51618 are processed, cytochrome c is released from the mitochondria and a dominant negative form of @entity2311 prevents @entity204 . Furthermore, @entity2310 undergoes a conformational change and is translocated to the mitochondria in a caspase-independent fashion. Total cell levels of @entity2310 however do not change, whereas levels of the @entity2424 -only protein Bim increase with proteasomal inhibition. Transient overexpression of @entity5613 or, to a lesser extent, of @entity1976 , significantly decreased apoptotic @entity204 and prevented @entity2310 conformational change. We conclude that @entity204 elicited by proteasomal inhibition of PC12 cells follows a classical "intrinsic" pathway. Significantly, antiapoptotic @entity1976 family members prevent apoptosis by inhibiting @entity2310 conformational change. Increased levels of Bim may contribute to cell @entity204 in this model.

title: Apoptosis and the conformational change of @entity2310 induced by proteasomal inhibition of PC12 cells are inhibited by @entity5613 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity1976 :: (24224(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: @entity16138 is caused by mutations in the @entity495 gene. @entity16138 presents with a spectrum of clinical features including craniofacial, @entity735 . Although recent findings implicate the major role of @entity495 during cardiac organogenesis, @entity4297 are infrequently reported in @entity16138 . Here we report on two @entity1 with @entity495 mutations presenting with @entity299 . @entity1 1 presented with @entity1146 , an intact septum, @entity4265 and @entity10710 . The @entity1 had a small nose, thin columella and bilateral 4-5 syndactyly of the fingers. A de novo @entity54602 ( @entity54603 ) mutation was identified. @entity1 2 presented at 6 months with a @entity1757 . The @entity1 had hypoplastic alae nasi with a thin columella and bilateral 4-5 syndactyly of the digits. A de novo missense mutation, @entity54604 ( @entity54605 ) was found. Our two @entity1 underscore the importance of cardiac evaluations as part of the initial workup for @entity1 with findings of @entity16138 . Conversely, those @entity1 with @entity3370 and @entity4297 should be screened for @entity495 mutations.

title: @entity4297 in XXXX : Report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'child', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity54605 :: ('p|SUB|Q|49|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gln49Glu']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity16138 :: ('MESH:C563160', 'Disease') :: ['Oculodentodigital dysplasia', 'oculodentodigital dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ocular, dental, and limb anomalies']

entities_list: @entity54603 :: ('p|SUB|R|76|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg76Cys']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac malformations and type III syndactyly']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['type III syndactyly']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity16138 :: (MESH:C563160,Disease) :: ['oculodentodigital dysplasia']


abstract: An assessment of late morbidity and mortality is essential before arterial repair can be considered truly corrective for @entity1 with @entity3886 . We describe the early and intermediate-term results in 126 @entity1 who underwent arterial repair. Operation was performed at a median age of 6 days, with 76 @entity1 operated on within the first 7 days of life. Coronary artery anatomy differed from the usual arrangement in 37 @entity1 . Simultaneous procedures included @entity1757 closure (35) and repair of interrupted aortic arch (2) or @entity1498 (5). Hospital mortality was seven of 126 (5.5%), with three @entity204 among the most recent 100 @entity1 (3%). There were one late, @entity204 and one late death after reoperation. Reoperation for @entity849 was required in 10 of the first 63 @entity1 (16%), all of whom underwent pulmonary artery reconstruction with separate patches for closure of the coronary excision sites. Of the last 63 @entity1 , all of whom underwent pulmonary artery reconstruction with a single pantaloon-shaped pericardial patch, one (2%) required reoperation for @entity849 . Doppler flow studies and echocardiography performed in 115 of 119 surviving @entity1 at a mean of 12 months after repair demonstrated normal left ventricular function, minimal left ventricular outflow gradients, and no more than trivial aortic regurgitation. Peak gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract was 19 +/- 3 mm Hg in @entity1 with separate pulmonary artery patches and 5 +/- 2 mm Hg in those with a single pantaloon patch (p = 0.0001). Follow-up is 96% complete from 1 month to 8 years after operation (mean 2.5 years). The actuarial survival rate at 5 years, including operative mortality, was 92%. All @entity1 are in sinus rhythm, and none requires antiarrhythmic medications. These data suggest that pulmonary artery reconstruction with a single pantaloon patch may be associated with a decreased requirement for reoperation. Intermediate-term survival and functional results are excellent after arterial repair for @entity3886 .

title: Intermediate-term survival and functional results after arterial repair for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: Comprehensive quantitative experiments were performed to assess the capabilities of several air-cleaning devices to create a particle-free microenvironment as a therapy for sleeping @entity1 affected by @entity2023 and @entity565 . Six devices were evaluated, of which five were portable and intended to provide general air cleaning for bedroom-sized spaces. The sixth was intended for installation in front of the headboard of a bed and was designed to provide clean air focused in a space occupied by a sleeping @entity1 . The air-cleaning methods of the selected devices included high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtering and electrostatic precipitation. Particle concentration measurements for six particle-size ranges and sound intensity measurements were made during 8-h, sleep-simulating periods. The effects of four parameters were studied: (i) device location, (ii) controlled air motion in the laboratory, (iii) airflow rate setting of the air-cleaning device, and (iv) controlled disturbances. To ensure a totally objective study, a special laboratory facility was constructed which enabled complete control of the experimental conditions. The measured concentration histories provided comprehensive evidence of the relative capabilities of the various devices for the specific air-cleaning function. It was found that the device designed to focus the cleaned air in the sleeping space fulfilled its goal and, in that regard, was clearly superior to all of the other air-cleaning devices. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is evidence that @entity56 are triggered by the presence of airborne particles and that these reactions can be mitigated by particle removal. This strategy can be implemented by the use of air-cleaning devices which are capable of creating particle-free zones at locations where @entity1 activity occurs. In particular, the creation of a particle-free zone which encompasses the breathing space of a sleeping @entity1 holds promise of mitigating @entity25 .

title: Use of air-cleaning devices to create airborne particle-free spaces intended to alleviate @entity2023 and XXXX during sleep.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons', 'person']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disturbing allergic reactions']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To find out the antibiotic treatment regimens with the lowest cost for all-cause @entity2028 , a study to compare the costs of different antibiotic regimens in the treatment of @entity1 diagnosed with all-cause @entity2028 who required hospitalisation was carried out. METHODOLOGY: This was a multicentre, retrospective study of @entity1 medical records. The primary aim was to examine whether the initial choice of antibiotic had affected the total cost of treatment, while the secondary aim was to find out whether the initial choice of antibiotic had affected the initial treatment failure rates and @entity204 rates. A cost-minimisation analysis (CMA) from a public hospital perspective was employed. RESULTS: A total of 333 @entity1 medical case notes were reviewed. The most commonly prescribed antibiotic regimen was @entity115 - @entity798 (AC) followed by @entity115 - @entity798 plus @entity7646 (ACM) and @entity1536 (Q). In the study population, no statistical significance could be detected between the mean cost of the three regimens. In the subgroup analysis of @entity1 with a history of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) and @entity1 with a history of smoking, the Q regimen appeared to be the least expensive. CONCLUSION: In the study population, no significant difference could be identified between the mean cost of the three antibiotic regimens. In a special populations such as @entity1 with a history of @entity1030 and @entity1 with a history of smoking, the Q regimen appeared to be superior. Further studies in these areas are needed.

title: A cost-minimisation analysis comparing different antibiotic regimens used in treating all-cause XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity2028 :: (MESH:D018410,Disease) :: ['bacterial pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One single center study has provided support for a home-based approach to the therapeutic management of @entity15 ( @entity15 ) relapse. OBJECTIVE: To report a multicenter series of @entity1 with @entity15 who were treated at home for a relapse with a 3-day course of intravenous @entity1667 . METHODS: The home administration of intravenous @entity1667 was coordinated by four @entity15 networks in France; @entity1 with @entity15 with a relapse were referred by their neurologists, and treatment was administered by a local nurse. We analyzed the safety and efficiency of this approach and estimated the related cost savings. @entity1 completed a @entity1 satisfaction questionnaire. RESULTS: Eight hundred and seven @entity1 received intravenous @entity1667 at home. The mean disease duration was 10.3 +/- 7.9 years. Treatment was often prescribed by community-based neurologists. The delay between prescription and treatment was 2.8 +/- 0.5 days if treatment was initiated at home and 1.9 +/- 3.0 days if treatment was initiated in hospital (the subsequent two injections were always administered at home). Home treatment was well tolerated; three serious side effects requiring hospital transfer were observed ( @entity148 , @entity1514 , and @entity943 ), which were fully reversible. Overall, 93.8% of @entity1 were satisfied with the treatment approach, and 98% wished to receive future treatment courses at home. The overall cost savings of home-based treatment versus hospital-based treatment were evaluated at EUR1,091,482. CONCLUSION: Safety data, @entity1 satisfaction, and economic considerations support home-based treatment of @entity15 relapses with intravenous @entity1667 , provided strict @entity1 selection criteria are observed and the process is coordinated and closely monitored by an @entity15 network.

title: Home administration of intravenous @entity1667 for XXXX relapses: the experience of French @entity15 networks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic oppression']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the Lumbrical Provocation Test (LPT) in predicting @entity923 ( @entity923 ) among @entity1 with symptoms suspicious for @entity923 . DESIGN: Prospective unigroup technique with blinded comparison of a clinical diagnostic test with 2 commonly used methods of diagnosing @entity923 : electrodiagnosis and a hand diagram. SETTING: Outpatient veterans referred by a heterogeneous group of specialists and generalists to a Veterans Affairs medical center electrodiagnostic laboratory. @entity1 : Ninety-six consecutive @entity1 who were referred to the electrodiagnostic laboratory with median inclusive @entity809 were evaluated. INTERVENTIONS: LPT: hold hand as fist for 1 minute (to evaluate changes in @entity809 ); electrodiagnostic evaluations: median and ulnar mixed nerve, antidromic sensory, and motor latencies; and hand symptom diagram to describe @entity158 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Evaluation of symptoms of @entity809 (with or without @entity158 ) inclusive of the median nerve distribution distal to the wrist. Prevalence sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of LPT, and electrodiagnosis, and hand diagram tests. RESULTS: Compared with the findings obtained with electrodiagnosis, the sensitivity of the LPT was.37; specificity,.71; positive predictive value,.59; and negative predictive value,.50. Compared with the findings obtained with the use of the hand diagram as a clinical measure, the sensitivity of the LPT was.43, specificity,.71, positive predictive value,.59, and negative predictive value,.56. CONCLUSION: The LPT has minimal use in predicting @entity923 in @entity1 with median inclusive @entity809 compared with 2 commonly used methods of diagnosing @entity923 .

title: The lumbrical provocation test in subjects with median inclusive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['CTS', 'carpal tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

answer: @entity809 :: (MESH:D010292,Disease) :: ['paresthesia']


abstract: In the adult organism, it is well established that @entity519 followed by reperfusion may be fatal and result in generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and subsequent tissue damage. There is also considerable evidence that temporary decrease or interruption in @entity26 supply to the embryo and ROS generation during reperfusion result in tissue damage in embryonic tissues. A wide spectrum of different @entity600 by transient @entity519 could be produced, depending on the duration, extent, and timing of the @entity519 event. It is the contention of this paper that drugs that block the @entity972 channel IKr, either as an intended pharmacologic effect or as an unwanted side-effect, are potentially teratogenic by a common ROS related mechanism. Drugs blocking the IKr channel, such as almokalant, @entity2781 , @entity3174 , @entity4392 and @entity11366 , do all produce a similar pattern of @entity519 -related @entity600 . Mechanistic studies show that the @entity600 are preceded by embryonic @entity943 and periods of @entity519 /reoxygenation in embryonic tissues. Pretreatment or simultaneous treatment with radical scavengers with capacity to capture ROS, markedly decrease the teratogenicity of different IKr blocking drugs. A second aim of this review is to demonstrate that the conventional design of teratology studies is not optimal to detect @entity600 caused by IKr blocking drugs. Repeated high doses result in high incidences of @entity204 due embryonic @entity943 , thus masking their teratogenic potential. Instead, single dosing on specific days is proposed to be a better way to characterize the teratogenic potential of Ikr blocking drugs.

title: @entity943 and generation of reactive XXXX species: common teratogenic mechanism for IKr blocking drugs.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity2781 :: ('MESH:C063533', 'Chemical') :: ['dofetilide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic death']

entities_list: @entity11366 :: ('MESH:D016589', 'Chemical') :: ['astemizole']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that maternal intake of @entity7828 during early pregnancy may be associated with an increased risk of @entity2650 . @entity1420 and its derivatives are commonly prescribed during early pregnancy, for example, in cases of luteal phase dysfunction and in conjunction with ovulation stimulation drugs. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether risk of @entity2650 was associated with periconceptional @entity1871 intake. DESIGN AND SETTING: The National @entity600 Prevention Study, a population-based, multistate, case-control study including deliveries that had estimated due dates from October, 1997 to December, 2000. @entity1 : Participation in the study was 71% among case mothers and 68% among control mothers. This analysis included 502 subjects diagnosed with second- or third-degree @entity2650 (ie, the urethra opened at the penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum) and 1286 male, live-born, nonmalformed control subjects. RESULTS: Forty-two case mothers (8.4%) and 31 control mothers (2.4%) reported any pregnancy-related @entity1871 intake from 4 weeks before through 14 weeks after conception, resulting in an odds ratio of 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-6.0). Analyses stratified by several potential covariates also suggested elevated risks. For example, among the 10 cases and 13 controls who did not report any fertility-related procedures or treatments other than @entity7828 , the odds ratio was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.0-5.0). @entity1871 intake for the purpose of contraception was not associated with increased risk. CONCLUSION: This study found that pregnancy-related intake of @entity7828 was associated with @entity101 risk.

title: Maternal @entity1871 intake and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity7828 :: ('MESH:D011372', 'Chemical') :: ['progestins']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['Birth Defects']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['Progestin', 'progestin']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: We experienced two cases of @entity601 . Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was very useful in definitive diagnosis and detection of associated abnormalities. Case 1 was a 5-year-old @entity1 . He was admitted because of foot-length discrepancy. He also presented @entity1635 , @entity12737 and @entity2118 in his back skin, and @entity5109 . Myelography and CT myelography revealed @entity2721 and split cord at midthoracic level, and two separated taut filum terminalis in the lumbosacral region. Sagittal MR image delineated the taut filum terminale adhering to the lipomatous tissue at the end of dural sac. Removal of the septum and division of the taut filum terminalis were performed. Case 2 was a newborn baby. She was admitted because of bulging of the back skin in the lumbosacral region and @entity5109 . Plain CT revealed @entity2721 at lumbar level. Myelography was not performed. MR image demonstrated the split cord in its entirety, the @entity2721 and its structures in detail, and the associated @entity362 . Removal of the septum and resection of the @entity362 were performed. @entity601 has been able to be definitely diagnosed only by myelography or CT myelography. In our case, MR image gave visualization of septum and split cord in its entirety, and also detected the associated anomalies such as @entity362 , tight filum terminale. MRI has possibility of becoming a diagnostic technique in place of myelography and CT myelography.

title: [Two cases of XXXX : its evaluation with MR imaging].

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['diastematomyelia', 'Diastematomyelia']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['bony septum']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['diastematomyelia']


abstract: Endogenous glucocorticoids are of prime importance in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis through their binding to specific cell receptors. Under normal conditions, physiological concentrations of @entity701 are potentially capable of suppressing metalloprotease synthesis by chondrocytes and synoviocytes. This hormone action is like to represent one of the major pathways through which the catabolism of cartilage under physiological conditions is kept in a homeostatic state. In @entity571 ( @entity571 ), a severe reduction (about 50%) in the @entity4738 ( @entity4738 ) level in chondrocytes was found to be sufficient to alter the cellular @entity134 resistance in terms of the synthesis of destructive enzymes. @entity2918 of the E series and @entity5393 increased the @entity4738 level in normal and @entity571 @entity1 articular chondrocytes. Synthetic @entity5015 ( @entity396 ) also induced upregulation of @entity4738 expression in chondrocytes. @entity1623 and @entity3352 , but not @entity15846 , at therapeutic concentrations, significantly reduced the level of @entity4738 in synovial cells. This effect could be reversed by the additionl of @entity396 . These findings bring insight into the differential effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the @entity4738 system and may provide an explanation for the reduced level of @entity4738 found in @entity571 chondrocytes. The addition of synthetic @entity2918 may prove to be of therapeutic importance in the treatment of @entity66 by potentiating the effects of therapeutically administered glucocorticoid on the reducation of the catabolism of articular cartilage.

title: Modulation of the Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Synovial Fibroblasts and Chondrocytes by XXXX and NSAIDs.

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GR']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic diseases']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins', 'Prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['Naproxen']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity15846 :: ('MESH:C021270', 'Chemical') :: ['tiaprofenic acid']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandins']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the causes of recurrence of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) after resection according to pathologic findings of the resected @entity5 and angiographic features of the recurrent @entity5 . METHODS: In this series, 142 cases with recurrent @entity157 were analyzed with respect to (1) size, number, gross and histologic findings of the @entity5 , (2) time when recurrence occurred, (3) size, number, blood supply, staining property of, and deposition of lipiodol oil in the recurrent @entity5 . Following angiography, @entity1416 was performed. RESULTS: In 101 of the 142(71.1%) cases, the @entity5 was > 5 cm in diameter, and in 41 cases (28.9%) it was < 5 cm. In 67.7% of the cases, the capsule of the @entity5 was incomplete or absent. In 47 cases (33.1%), @entity5 nodules were seen during operation but they were seen on pathologic sections in 94 cases (66.2%). Tumor @entity715 was present in the portal vein in 26 (18.3%) and 121 cases (85.2%) during operation and on pathologic examination, respectively. In the majority of the cases (99/142), recurrence occurred within 6 months after operation. The recurrent foci consisted of multiple @entity5 nodules of < 5 cm in 68.3% of the cases. On angiography, the recurrent @entity5 were rich in blood supply with good deposition of lipiodol. CONCLUSION: Recurrence is apt to occur in @entity157 @entity1 with large (> 5 cm) @entity5 which has incomplete or no capsule, @entity5 nodules and portal vein @entity5 @entity715 . It is suggested to perform angiography 1-2 months after surgery to detect early recurrence and, if confirmed, the @entity1 can be treated by transcatheter arterial chemo-embolization.

title: [Inquiring the causes of recurrence of XXXX after surgical resection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'satellite tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial embolization']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Many teleosts including @entity3392 , @entity3392 , actively regulate buoyancy with a gas-filled swimbladder, the volume of which is controlled by autonomic reflexes acting on vascular, muscular, and secretory effectors. In this study, we investigated the morphological development of the @entity3392 swimbladder together with its effectors and innervation. The swimbladder first formed as a single chamber, which inflated at 1-3 days posthatching (dph), 3.5-4 mm body length. Lateral nerves were already present as demonstrated by the antibody zn-12, and blood vessels had formed in parallel on the cranial aspect to supply blood to anastomotic capillary loops as demonstrated by @entity55364 antibody staining. Neuropeptide Y-(NPY-) like immunoreactive (LIR) fibers appeared early in the single-chambered stage, and @entity56003 ( @entity56003 )-LIR fibers and cell bodies developed by 10 dph (5 mm). By 18 dph (6 mm), the anterior chamber formed by evagination from the cranial end of the original chamber; both chambers then enlarged with the ductus communicans forming a constriction between them. The parallel blood vessels developed into an arteriovenous rete on the cranial aspect of the posterior chamber and this region was innervated by zn-12-reactive fibers. @entity669 hydroxylase- (TH-), NPY-, and @entity56003 -LIR fibers also innervated this area and the lateral posterior chamber. Innervation of the early anterior chamber was also demonstrated by @entity56003 -LIR fibers. By 25-30 dph (8-9 mm), a band of smooth muscle formed in the lateral wall of the posterior chamber. Although gas in the swimbladder increased buoyancy of young larvae just after first inflation, our results suggest that active control of the swimbladder may not occur until after the formation of the two chambers and subsequent development and maturation of vasculature, musculature and innervation of these structures at about 28-30 dph.

title: Development of the swimbladder and its innervation in the @entity3392 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['Tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity56003 :: ('795653(Tax:7955)', 'Gene') :: ['VIP', 'vasoactive intestinal polypeptide']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['Danio rerio']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination of generalized broken ("racemose") livedo and @entity64 is referred to as " @entity12287 ". Although several pathogenetic factors have been suggested the aetiology of @entity12287 is unknown. Furthermore, considerable variability of @entity1 characteristics gives rise to the question whether " @entity12287 " denotes a homogeneous disease entity at all. We hypothesized that the diagnosis " @entity12287 " can be broken down into different subgroups according to possible aetiologic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with the combination of generalized broken livedo and @entity64 were evaluated by clinical examination, routine diagnostic procedures, MRI of the brain, echocardiography, vascular ultrasound, immunologic and haemostaseologic testing. @entity1 groups were formed, depending on (1) whether or not an additional feature with a possibly aetiologic role for @entity12287 was present, and (2) which kind of feature it was. RESULTS: In 16 out of 32 @entity1 , diagnostic features with an implication for the pathogenesis of @entity12287 could be identified. An @entity792 was diagnosed in six @entity1 . A thrombophilic state was detected in six @entity1 . Three @entity1 had preexisting @entity731 . One @entity1 suffered from an embolizing @entity4615 . Extent and kind of cerebral pathology differed between @entity1 groups as did the kind of cardiac involvement. CONCLUSION: @entity12287 is not a homogeneous disease entity. @entity1 should be classified as "primary @entity12287 " if no aetiologic factor can be detected. On clinical grounds, this from differs from several varieties of "secondary @entity12287 " which occurs mainly as part of an @entity792 or in a thrombophilic state.

title: Classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity12287 :: ('MESH:D018860', 'Disease') :: ["Sneddon's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity12287 :: (MESH:D018860,Disease) :: ['Sneddon's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival impact of cytoreductive surgery and other prognostic determinants in @entity1 with Stage IV uterine @entity1377 (UPSC). METHODS: All @entity1 with FIGO Stage IV UPSC diagnosed between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1998 were identified from @entity5 registry databases. Individual @entity1 data were collected retrospectively. Survival analysis and comparisons were performed using the method of Kaplan and Meier, the log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Predictors of surgical outcome were evaluated using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 underwent primary cytoreductive surgery for Stage IV UPSC (median age, 65 years). The median survival for all @entity1 was 14.4 months. Optimal cytoreduction was defined as @entity66 < or =1 cm in maximal diameter. The only significant predictor of a suboptimal surgical outcome was the presence of disease in three or more anatomic regions. Overall, 16 of 31 @entity1 (51.6%) completed primary surgery with optimal disease status. Optimal cytoreduction was associated with a median survival of 26.2 months, compared with 9.6 months for @entity1 left with suboptimal @entity66 (P < 0.001). At 24 months, 57.1% of optimally cytoreduced @entity1 were still alive, compared with just 6.7% of @entity1 left with suboptimal disease. Furthermore, @entity1 with only microscopic @entity41 had a significantly longer median survival (30.4 months) than both @entity1 with 0.1- to 1.0-cm @entity66 (20.5 months) and those left with suboptimal disease (P = 0.004). Postoperative @entity902 -based chemotherapy was associated with a median survival of 17.1 months, compared with 9.5 months without such therapy (P = 0.018). @entity1 receiving the combination of @entity902 + @entity1311 had a median survival rate of 29.1 months versus 14.4 months for @entity1 receiving @entity902 + @entity786 +/- @entity632 (P = 0.054). On multivariate analysis, the only statistically significant predictor of survival was the cytoreductive surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The strongest predictor of overall survival for @entity1 with Stage IV UPSC was the amount of @entity66 following surgery. Recommended management for this group of @entity1 should consist of maximal surgical cytoreduction followed by @entity902 -based chemotherapy, preferably in combination with @entity1311 .

title: The role of cytoreductive surgery in the management of stage IV uterine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity1377 :: (MESH:D002291,Disease) :: ['papillary serous carcinoma']


abstract: The course of @entity3981 of the @entity8174 following surgical and nonsurgical interventions is variable. The objective of this study was to report our experience in treating this disease and to evaluate the factors that might be involved in the treatment of the @entity5 and the prognosis of the @entity1 . To limit the contributory variables that are usually found in most studies, we included only those @entity1 (n = 11) who had been treated by a single surgeon at a single institution from 1988 through 2003. Hospital and office records were evaluated for demographic information, signs and symptoms, treatment modalities, pathology, and outcomes. Additional follow-up data were obtained through telephone interviews. For the most part, treatment included either superficial parotidectomy or total parotidectomy with @entity2103 ; 1 @entity1 with coexisting @entity420 underwent a more radical procedure, and 4 @entity1 underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. The most prevalent morphologic pattern of these @entity5 was microcystic. Follow-up ranged from 1 year and 3 months to 10 years and 9 months (mean: 4 yr and 11 mo). During that time, we found no recurrences of @entity3981 and no evidence of @entity3 . Therefore, we conclude that @entity3981 can be successfully treated with a superficial or total parotidectomy with sparing of the facial nerve. Radiation therapy may provide adjunctive benefit.

title: @entity3981 of the XXXX : a 15-year review limited to a single surgeon at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8174 :: ('MESH:D010309', 'Disease') :: ['parotid gland']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['acinic cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve preservation']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8174 :: (MESH:D010309,Disease) :: ['parotid gland']


abstract: Various alterations in molecular and cellular events have been considered as possibly contributing to the cardiac remodelling that occurs during the transition from compensated @entity1184 to @entity712 . The aim of the present study is to clarify (1) whether cardiac apoptosis occurs during the transition from compensated @entity1184 to @entity712 , and (2) whether expression of the genes encoding @entity2310 (an apoptosis inducer) and @entity5613 and @entity1976 (apoptosis inhibitors) is altered during this transition. We used 12-month-old and 20-month-old male spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR(12) and SHR(20) respectively) and age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY(12) and WKY(20) respectively). These @entity35 were killed after measurement of haemodynamic parameters by transthoracic echocardiography and use of a @entity2998 . The expression of @entity1976 , @entity5613 and @entity2310 was analysed by Northern blotting. Samples were also fixed in 4% @entity1604 for in situ nick end-labelling (TUNEL) methods and immunohistochemistry. SHR(12) had well compensated @entity4346 with normal fractional shortening and normal end-systolic wall stress. In contrast, the hearts of SHR(20) developed @entity384 , with a decrease in fractional shortening and an increase in end-systolic wall stress. TUNEL-positive cells were seen exclusively in the hearts of SHR(20). The major cell types that showed TUNEL-positive nuclei were non-cardiomyocytes. The expression of @entity2310 remained unchanged during the transition to @entity712 . However, there was increased expression of @entity5613 in the failing stage, whereas the expression of @entity1976 remained unchanged. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that @entity5613 protein was up-regulated in the hearts of SHR(20). In conclusion, non-cardiomyocyte apoptosis may play a contributory role in the remodelling that occurs in the transition from @entity1184 to @entity712 . In addition, it is suggested that enhanced expression of @entity5613 plays an important role in the preservation of cardiomyocytes during this transition.

title: Contribution of non-cardiomyocyte apoptosis to cardiac remodelling that occurs in the transition from compensated @entity1184 to @entity712 in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['decompensated heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['decompensated dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['tipmanometer via the right carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The binding of antiphospholipid antibodies to circulating platelets and the potential association with @entity882 and platelet activation was investigated in 25 @entity1 with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ). Fourteen @entity1 had a platelet count above 150 x 10(9)/l, and 11 @entity1 had mild to moderate @entity882 of 50-150 x 10(9)/l. The presence of platelet autoantibodies was investigated by immunofluorescent binding. No correlation between the presence of autoantibodies on platelets and @entity882 was found. The binding of antibodies in patients' serum and platelet eluates was investigated by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with phospholipids as antigens. In seven patients antibodies to negatively charged phospholipids were present in platelet eluates. Platelet activation was measured by flow cytometry using a @entity2822 ( @entity2823 ) labeled monoclonal antibody to @entity8729 ( @entity8729 ). The binding of anti- @entity8729 to @entity1 ' platelet surface @entity8729 was not increased, compared with the binding to platelets obtained from normal donors. Platelet @entity750 concentration in @entity1701 @entity1 was significantly lower than that found in the platelets of normal controls. More studies are necessary to determine the exact role of antiphospholipid antibodies in the pathogenesis of @entity882 , and to elucidate the cause of low @entity750 levels in platelets of @entity1701 @entity1 .

title: Platelet activation in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['primary antiphospholipid syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recommendations for antiemetic prophylaxis supportive to radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy are not evidence-based. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the antiemetic regimen concurrent to fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant weekly @entity900 in two Danish departments of oncology. METHODS: @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 scheduled to receive fractionated radiotherapy and concomitant weekly @entity900 (40  mg/m(2)) were asked to complete a study diary in order to assess episodes of @entity391 , grade of @entity390 , and use of rescue antiemetic treatment daily during 5  weeks of treatment. Antiemetic treatment consisted of @entity7274 and @entity617 . A @entity1 had completed the study if @entity391 occurred or if 5  weeks of treatment were accomplished without @entity391 . The primary endpoint was sustained no @entity391 during 5  weeks of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 48 @entity1 completed 155 weekly cycles of radiotherapy, concomitant weekly @entity900 , and antiemetic prophylaxis. The probability of completing 5  cycles without @entity391 (sustained no @entity391 ) was 57  %. During cycle 1, 42  % of the @entity1 were free from @entity390 . After 5  cycles, only 23  % of @entity1 were continuously free from @entity390 . One half of the @entity1 used rescue antiemetic treatment at least once during the 5  cycles. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that an antiemetic prophylaxis consisting of @entity7274 and @entity617 is insufficient for the prevention of @entity390 and @entity391 induced by radiotherapy and weekly @entity900 in @entity1 treated for gynecological @entity5 . The addition of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist should be investigated in a randomized, double-blind study in this setting.

title: @entity7274 and XXXX for the prevention of @entity390 and @entity391 during fractionated radiotherapy and 5  cycles of concomitant weekly @entity900 -a phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'emesis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity7274 :: ('MESH:C083418', 'Chemical') :: ['palonosetron']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a transcription factor that upregulates adhesion molecules @entity1590 , @entity297 , and @entity52413 . We hypothesized the use of ex vivo pressure-mediated delivery of transcription factor decoys (TFD) to NF-kappaB binding sites would decrease expression of adhesion molecules, and @entity5721 , acute rejection, and graft @entity453 (GCAD) in @entity35 cardiac allografts. METHODS: Heterotopic heart transplants were performed on donor hearts treated with saline, 10 mg/kg LPS, 160 micromol/L NF-kappaB TFD, or 160 micromol/L scrambled sequence (NF-SC) TFD for 45 min at 78 psi (6 atm). Transfection efficiency was determined with @entity2823 -labeled TFD. Reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry was used to analyze adhesion molecule mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Apoptosis was measured with DNA fragmentation analysis. Reperfusion injury was assessed with @entity300 , neutrophil infiltration, and histology. Acute rejection was determined by daily palpation. Allografts were assessed at POD 90 for the development of GCAD by computer-assisted image analysis to determine intimal:medial ratio and myointimal proliferation. RESULTS: Hyperbaric pressure was an effective method of NF-kappaB TFD delivery (P<0.001 vs. controls). NF-kappaB TFD treatment led to decreased mRNA and protein expression of adhesion molecules. Treatment with NF-kappaB TFD led to a significant decrease in all reperfusion injury parameters compared to saline and NF-SC controls (P<0.01 vs. controls). Higher levels of apoptosis were seen in allografts treated with NF-kappaB TFD compared to control allografts. NF-kappaB TFD treatment prolonged allograft survival over saline and NF-SC controls (P<0.05). Myointimal proliferation and intimal:medial ratios in NF-kappaB TFD-treated allografts were significantly decreased compared to saline and NF-SC treatment (P<0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo pressure-mediated delivery of NF-kappaB TFD is an effective method to block adhesion molcule expression and reperfusion injury in the immediate posttransplant period. Further, NF-kappaB TFD treatment prolongs allograft survival and decreases GCAD.

title: Nuclear factor-kappaB transcription factor decoy treatment inhibits graft XXXX after cardiac transplantation in rodents.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['decrease reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity300 :: ('MESH:D004489', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac edema']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: Hindlimb unloading (HU) results in oxidative stress, skeletal @entity2057 , and increased damage upon reloading. @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) protect against oxidative stress. However, it is unknown whether HSPs are depressed with long-term unloading (28 days) or reloading. We tested the hypotheses that long-term HU would depress @entity18273 and @entity28915 pathways, whereas reloading would allow recovery in the soleus. Adult @entity35 were divided into three groups: controls; HU for 28 days; and HU + 7 days of reloading (HU-R). Soleus mass decreased with HU, and did not recover to control values with reloading. @entity18273 decreased with HU (-78.5%) and did not recover with HU-R (-81.4%). Upstream @entity1457 factor-1 was depressed with HU and HU-R. @entity28915 was reduced with HU, but recovered with reloading. Downstream of @entity28915 , @entity1110 -specific @entity9275 dehydrogenase and @entity2041 peroxidase decreased with unloading, but only NADP-specific @entity9275 dehydrogenase recovered with HU-R. Lipid peroxidation increased in both HU and HU-R. These data indicate that prolonged unloading and subsequent reloading results in complex, differential regulation of @entity18273 and @entity28915 pathways in the @entity35 soleus muscle. Thus dysregulation and uncoupling of the @entity18273 and @entity28915 pathways may lead not only to @entity2057 with prolonged unloading, but also impaired recovery of muscle mass during early reloading.

title: Differential response of XXXX proteins to hindlimb unloading and reloading in the soleus.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock', 'heat shock']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity9275 :: ('MESH:C034219', 'Chemical') :: ['isocitrate']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10926 ( @entity10926 ) is a focal @entity6220 (CNS) acknowledged the world over as being severe. DEVELOPMENT: The epidemiology is well known in developed countries. It presents in @entity1 over the age of 3 months. The mechanism by which the virus reactivates and penetrates into the CNS is still not fully understood. A timely diagnosis is crucial so that early treatment can be established within the first four days of the infectious process. By so doing, it becomes possible to raise the chances of survival by over 50%. The physician should have a strong suspicion when faced with a @entity1 with symptoms of @entity198 , especially if he or she has focal neurological manifestations, including manifestations in the neuropsychiatric sphere. The non-invasive diagnostic method par excellence is high-sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging studies of the brain within the first 24-48 hours following the onset of the clinical signs and symptoms. Determination of viral DNA in cerebrospinal fluid by the polymerase chain reaction method is the technique with the highest degree of sensitivity and specificity available for carrying out the diagnosis. Effective treatment is intravenous @entity1033 : 30 mg/kg/day in three doses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity198 produced by the herpes virus is a disease that is dreaded because of the high mortality rate and the devastation it causes in the living conditions of survivors. Our aim is to stimulate the clinical suspicion of @entity10926 so that pharmacological treatment can be established even while diagnostic tests are being carried out. We suggest early neuropsychological evaluation and follow-up of the manifestations of focal sequelae related to the frontotemporal regions.

title: [Treatment of herpes simplex XXXX in @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis', 'Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['Herpes simplex encephalitis', 'HSE']

answer: @entity198 :: (MESH:D004660,Disease) :: ['encephalitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ) continues to be a dominant issue in laryngology. The objective of this study is to examine a contemporary population of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity10107 and detect changes in the nature of the cases compared with previous reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity10107 are identified from the first author's clinic over a recent 1-year period. @entity1 demographics, etiology, side, and nature of the impairment are determined from retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity1 , 47 (56%) are @entity1 and 37 (44%) are @entity1 . The average age of all @entity1 is 53.4 years. Seventy-five (89.3%) of the 84 VFMIs were unilateral, with 11% (9/84) being bilateral. The left side was affected in 52% (39/75) of the @entity1 ; the right side was affected in 48% (36/75) of the unilateral cases. The motion impairment was complete in 61.3% (46/75) of the unilateral cases and partial in the remaining 38.7% (29/75). With regard to etiology, iatrogenic causes were the most prevalent with 47.6% (40/84) of the @entity1 . Idiopathic cases comprised 36.9% (31/84) of the @entity1 . @entity5 (7.1%, 6/84) and miscellaneous causes (7.1%, 6/84) accounted for smaller portions of the remainder. Of the iatrogenic @entity10107 cases, 27.5% (11/40) followed cervical spine operations. Chest, intracranial, and thyroid surgery accounted for 6 (15%) @entity1 each, as did endotracheal intubation (n = 6, 15%). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous reports, the incidence of iatrogenic cases reviewed here is relatively high. Anterior cervical spine surgery surpassed thyroidectomy and all other procedures as the most common cause of iatrogenic @entity10107 in this contemporary study.

title: Changing trends in the nature of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['VFMI', 'Vocal fold motion impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Neoplasms']

answer: @entity10107 :: (MESH:D064706,Disease) :: ['vocal fold motion impairment']


abstract: Findings in previous studies have suggested @entity842 (NO) to be a regulator of mucociliary activity in the upper airways. The aim of the present investigation was to study whether a correlation exists between the nasal NO concentration and mucociliary function in @entity1 suffering from @entity11127 such as @entity102 or recurrent @entity55 . Nasal NO was measured with a chemiluminescence analyser, 100 ppb (parts per billion) being adopted as the lower limit of the normal range on the basis of findings in an earlier study of healthy subjects. Mucociliary function was evaluated by measurements of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in nasal brush samples, and the @entity8021 transport test. A subnormal level of nasal NO was found in 50% (9/18) of the @entity1 . This correlated with a significantly @entity73 , regarding both CBF and the @entity8021 transport time. The median CBF was 10.6 Hz in the group with normal levels of nasal NO, as compared to 8.4 Hz in the subnormal NO group. All @entity1 with a normal nasal NO concentration had a mean CBF of > or = 9.0 Hz in their nasal brush samples, but in the subnormal group the same measurements yielded a CBF of > or = 9.0 Hz in only 22% (2/9) of the cases. As measured with the @entity8021 test, mucociliary transport was normal in 78% (7/9) in the normal nasal NO group, but the @entity8021 test was normal only in 11% (1/9) of the subnormal nasal NO group. Nasal NO levels were found to correlate with both CBF measurements (Spearman's rho, 0.80) and the @entity8021 transport test results (Spearman's rho, -0.61). The results of the present study provide further support for the view that NO is an important regulator of mucociliary function in the upper airways, and that measurements of the nasal NO concentration should be included in investigations of the mucociliary system.

title: Low levels of nasal @entity842 (NO) correlate to XXXX in the upper airways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity11127 :: ('MESH:D012140', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired mucociliary function']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity8021 :: ('MESH:D012439', 'Chemical') :: ['saccharin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired mucociliary function']


abstract: Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) function as ligand dependent DNA binding proteins that translate physiological/nutritional signals into gene regulation. Dysfunctional NR signaling leads to @entity74 in reproduction, @entity32 , and metabolism. The opportunity to identify novel regulatory pathways in the context of @entity1 health and disease drives the challenge to unravel the biological function of the "orphan nuclear hormone receptors". For example, the Rev-erb (NR1D) subgroup ( @entity26065 / @entity32226 and Rev-erbbeta/ @entity4429 ) of orphan NRs are transcriptional silencers and negative regulators of RORalpha mediated trans-activation. The NR1D subgroup is highly enriched in peripheral tissues with onerous energy demands including skeletal muscle, @entity8481 . This alludes to the involvement of this subgroup in metabolism. In this context, @entity26065 -/- @entity19 have a dyslipidemic phenotype. Recent studies in vascular smooth and skeletal muscle cells also suggest that the NR1D subgroup modulates @entity32 by regulating @entity4284 / @entity2451 dependent gene expression. @entity26065 has been identified as a critical regulator (and target) of circadian rhythm, a factor in blood pressure control and @entity32 . Finally, two recent reports have demonstrated: (i) @entity1091 mediated regulation of @entity26065 stability and (ii) E75 (the @entity238 orthologue of @entity1 @entity26065 ) is tightly bound by @entity1446 , and functions as a "gas sensor" through interaction with CO/NO and interferes with the repression of DHR3 (the @entity238 orthologue of @entity1 RORalpha). In conclusion, the role of these receptors at the cross-roads of metabolism, @entity32 , and circadian cycling underscores the importance of understanding the organ-specific function of the NR1D subgroup in homeostasis.

title: The orphan Rev-erb nuclear receptors: a link between metabolism, circadian rhythm and XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8481 :: ('MESH:C536351', 'Disease') :: ['brown and white adipose, brain, liver and kidney']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['many disorders']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Low concentrations of the neurotransmitter @entity750 and its @entity1130 metabolite in the central nervous system have been associated with @entity146 in animals and @entity1 . Controlled clinical trials of @entity750 agonists in depressed adults have suggested that @entity146 is less likely during treatment with these medications than with placebo, but there have been no previous studies of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and aggression in @entity1 . We prospectively followed the course of @entity146 in 19 psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (not selected for @entity146 ) who received open clinical trials of @entity905 , @entity903 , or @entity3756 . The @entity1 received standard doses (equivalent to @entity905 10-40 mg daily) for a minimum of 5 weeks. The starting dose was 15 +/- 5 mg, and dosages were raised at a mean rate of 5 mg every 4 days up to a mean dose of 25 +/- 10 mg daily. Results from trials of the three SSRIs were clustered because the sample sizes were not sufficient for separate analyses. Overall, there were no statistically meaningful improvements in the level of @entity146 , as measured on a modified version of the Overt Aggression Scale, over the course of these @entity1 ' SSRI trials. Symptoms of physical aggression toward others or self were manifest in 12 of the 19 @entity1 while on SSRIs. Of the 19 @entity1 , 13 were assessed both on and off SSRIs: verbal aggression (p = 0.04), physical aggression toward objects (p = 0.05), and physical aggression toward self (p < 0.02) occurred significantly more frequently on SSRIs than off; no increase was observed in physical aggression toward others. @entity1 with the highest baseline @entity146 scores did not show greater improvement during SSRI treatment. Further research is warranted, particularly to explore whether SSRIs may have therapeutic effects on aggression at higher (or lower) doses than were administered in this open trial.

title: Effects of XXXX reuptake inhibitors on @entity146 in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents: results of an open trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'increased aggressive behavior', 'aggressivity', 'aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1130 :: ('CHEBI:27823', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) is the second most common neurodegenerative @entity303 , but it is often underdiagnosed and mistaken for @entity195 ( @entity195 ) with sometimes lethal consequences. Over 35 studies have established the differences between @entity1832 and @entity195 in neuropsychological tests, but none have provided easy interpretations of common tests suitable for the clinician. The aim of this study was to suggest practical interpretations of the @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ), clock drawing, and cube-copying to identify @entity1832 and differentiate it from @entity195 . METHODS: Thirty-three @entity1832 @entity1 were matched according to gender, @entity1032 , and age with 66 @entity195 @entity1 . The median @entity1032 score was 24. Easy interpretations of the tests, including the @entity1032 orientation subscore, were sought for. RESULTS: The identified criteria to separate @entity1832 from @entity195 were (1) the @entity1032 orientation score x 3 > or = the total @entity1032 score, (2) an impaired clock drawing, and (3) a non-3D cube-copying. If (1) was fulfilled, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 57% in @entity1 with @entity1032 21-27. If (1) and (2) were fulfilled in @entity1 with @entity1032 21-27, the sensitivity and specificity were 93 and 70%. If at least two of the three criteria were fulfilled, the sensitivity was 85%, and the specificity 75% regardless of @entity1032 score. CONCLUSION: If the orientation score x 3 > or = the total @entity1032 score together with an impaired clock drawing and possibly a non-3D cube-copying, the @entity1 should be thoroughly investigated according to the @entity1832 consensus criteria.

title: Practical suggestions on how to differentiate @entity303 with XXXX from @entity195 with common cognitive tests.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['MMSE', 'Mini-Mental State Examination']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['DLB', 'Dementia with Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1832 :: (MESH:D020961,Disease) :: ['Lewy bodies']


abstract: A clinico-statistical study was made on 92 @entity1 with @entity1358 who visited us from January 1978 to November 1988. The results were as follows: 1. Seventy-eight @entity1 were treated by radical nephrectomy, two @entity1 by partial nephrectomy, and three @entity1 were treated at other hospitals initially. Nine @entity1 were underwent only conservative therapy. 3. Overall 1, 3, 5, and 10-year survival rates by Kaplan-Meier method were 81.8%, 58.0%, 55.3%, and 50.2%, respectively. 3. The 3-year survival rates according to clinical T-stage were 71.3% for 56 @entity1 in T2, 66.8% for 16 @entity1 in T3a, and 24.1% for 16 @entity1 in T3b. A significant difference existed between @entity1 in T3a and @entity1 in T3b. It appears that the new TNM classification system is more accurate for prognosis of @entity1 in stage T3 than that currently in use.

title: [A clinical study of 92 cases of XXXX --statistical analysis of prognosis according to the new TNM classification].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: We describe the architectural patterns of advanced @entity43 that have been treated with upfront surgery, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by interval debulking to explore the association with the chemotherapeutic response. For 70 cases of advanced (i.e. stage III/IV) high-grade serous @entity189 (33 @entity902 resistant/intermediate, 37 @entity902 sensitive; 24 neoadjuvantly treated, 44 primary surgery), all @entity5 -containing histologic slides were reviewed by 1 of 3 pathologists. Histologic type was confirmed and the following features were assessed: major architectural pattern and the presence of any of 8 predefined minor architectural patterns (papillary, transitional cell @entity189 -like, micropapillary, microcystic, nested papillary, slit-like, glandular, solid). A semiquantitative assessment of psammoma bodies, histiocytic response, @entity39 , nuclear atypia, and single-cell invasion was performed. Mitotic count was performed in 10 HPF and 1 HPF was counted for intraepithelial lymphocytes. The morphologic features were tested for an association with previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy and response to chemotherapy (resistant/intermediate versus chemotherapy-sensitive cases stratified by neoadjuvant chemotherapy), which was carried out using    tests for categorical variables and analysis of variance for continuous data. Combinations of features were analyzed using unsupervised clustering (Wald). Although 8 of 18 features were significantly different when samples from neoadjuvantly treated @entity1 were compared with those not previously treated, no individual histomorphologic feature or a combination of features was associated with response to chemotherapy. Further subtyping of high-grade serous @entity189 will likely need ancillary molecular markers that may have a greater potential to identify cases that will not respond to @entity902 -based chemotherapy.

title: Architectural patterns of ovarian/pelvic high-grade XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian/pelvic high-grade serous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['serous carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Only in 2002, more than 86,000 @entity173 were registered in Italy in male and female @entity1 over 45 years old, with 9% progression compared to 1999. In this paper, we report a clinic case of a @entity1 experiencing working problems for a @entity615 after an unstable extracapsular hip @entity174 . SUBJECT AND METHOD: The @entity1 , a 54 years old @entity1 , factory worker, complaining of @entity1643 weeks after the hip @entity174 , was evaluated and scheduled for a computer tomography examination of the lumbar spine. The C.T. scans were evaluated to assess eventual evidence of disc problems and/or cross sectional changes in density and fibro-adipose @entity121 . RESULT: Because @entity615 matched with the evidence of cross sectional changes in psoas density without any evidence of disc herniation, the @entity1 was scheduled for aspecific @entity615 training. After a specific rehabilitation protocol the @entity1 had 75% @entity158 relief after four weeks. CONCLUSION: Age and diseases related changes are commonly seen in the lumbar spine, but the relationship between these changes and symptoms of @entity615 is not straightforward. Our case report suggest that @entity615 following extra capsular hip @entity174 may involve the psoas muscle. The prognosis might be favourable following a specific back training that is actually object of an ongoing controlled trial.

title: [Chronic lumbago after unstable intertrochanteric femoral XXXX : a new syndrome or sporadic feature of hip biomechanics after surgery? A case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain', 'chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of muscular body of the psoas muscle']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: Controversies in any arena of @entity1 activity often result in the polarization of the individuals involved into 2 opposing camps. Controversy about the use of @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ) is no exception. On one hand, some groups are proposing indiscriminate use of @entity1200 , whereas others have created guidelines advocating that their use should be banned for the critically ill. At stake is an emerging paradigm: that dietary manipulation of the immune system is possible and may become an important adjunct to other therapies, thus helping prevent or treat @entity66 for millions worldwide. Under these circumstances, extremist claims of miraculous benefits or inappropriate assertions of evil can only delay the emergence of a nascent science. This paper is therefore a plea for moderation from both camps, lest we cause irreparable damage to our clinical practices and potential injury to individual @entity1 . @entity1200 all contain @entity369 . However, they also contain other substances such as @entity9539 , and @entity2036 . The use of all these nutrients together into commercial @entity1200 without adequate evaluation of their individual effects has prevented the development of mechanistic hypotheses of action. Despite this, @entity1200 have been tested extensively, allowing the development of guidelines for their use. @entity1200 should be used for surgical @entity1 , especially those undergoing elective surgery. @entity1200 show no benefit and indeed can potentially harm @entity1 with @entity295 , especially in the nonsurgical group, and should not be used outside of research protocols. Advances in basic research have helped us understand mechanisms of how @entity369 contained in @entity1200 may help surgical @entity1 but may be deleterious in @entity1 with @entity295 . A review of the basic mechanisms of action of @entity369 on the immune system is enclosed in this paper and should serve as a basis for the development of scientific principles that guide clinical use of @entity1200 .

title: A rational use of immune enhancing diets: when should we use dietary XXXX supplementation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune-enhancing diets', 'IEDs']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['omega-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: The interaction between Fas and @entity12 is one possible immune escape mechanism used by @entity5 cells. In the present study, @entity320 tissue from 103 @entity1 who underwent enucleation for malignant @entity2184 ( @entity320 excluded) was stained by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies specific for Fas, @entity12 , CD3, @entity405 , and @entity469 . Histological and clinical data for these @entity5 were assessed. Both Fas and @entity12 were detected in uveal @entity320 . Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage rather than T-cells were the predominant group of @entity5 -infiltrating cells. The metastasis-free 5-year survival rates in the univariate analyses were considerably lower in @entity1 with @entity5 that lacked @entity12 expression (< 35% of the @entity5 cells), in the presence of more than 50 @entity405 -positive cells in 20 high-power fields and in the presence of more than 100 CD3-positive cells in 20 high-power fields. Fas and @entity12 expression was associated with scleral infiltration. After adjustment for scleral infiltration, the predictive value of both Fas and @entity12 expression was markedly decreased. In addition, the CD3- and @entity405 -positive cell count was positively associated with the histological cell type. Cox proportional hazards models showed that the presence of CD3- and @entity405 -positive cells was not an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for histological cell type. This preliminary observation deserves further investigation, which may shed more light on the immune escape mechanisms of this @entity5 and thus enable novel therapeutic strategies. The clinical relevance of this observation is limited, as more predictive parameters have been described for @entity2184 .

title: Expression of Fas and @entity12 in XXXX : biological implication and prognostic value.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'iris melanomas']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']


abstract: @entity2008 have been seen in @entity1 cells following infection with @entity2662 ). Effects on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in cells carrying @entity2662 related DNA were examined by treatment with @entity2482 ( @entity2482 ). Peripheral blood specimens were obtained from 16 donors. Cells were processed for SCE analysis and sera were tested for HTLV-I antibodies by Western blot analysis. DNA from fresh lymphoid cells was analyzed by PCR-SSCP for @entity2662 genes. Of 16 donors, eight were @entity2662 seropositive and eight seronegative. Five @entity2662 infected lymphocyte cultures were also analyzed for SCE. Cells were stained immunocytochemically with anti- @entity4452 for the viral expression. By MNNG treatment, SCE was significantly enhanced in cells derived from two seropositive donors with @entity2662 genes. In cells of six seropositive and eight seronegative donors with or without @entity2662 related DNA, SCE frequency was influenced insignificantly. Cells from all @entity1 were negative for the @entity4452 expression. SCE was greatly enhanced by MNNG treatment in cells from three productively infected cultures when compared with SCE in two nonproductively infected cultures.

title: Sister chromatid exchange analysis of XXXX cells carrying retroviral DNA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2482 :: ('MESH:D008769', 'Chemical') :: ['MNNG', "N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine"]

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV-I', 'human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']