abstract: Simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation (SHKT) is feasible for combined cardiac and @entity177 . Herein we reviewed our 10-year experience in SHKT. Six @entity1 underwent SHKT from June 1995 to December 2004. Their ages ranged from 13 to 63 years old with a mean of 45.5 +/- 15.8 years. They were all @entity1 except one @entity1 , who was the youngest (aged 13) who suffered from @entity384 with @entity712 and @entity177 due to @entity1252 . Because of aggravating @entity712 , she changed from hemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis. Because of intractable @entity712 , she underwent SHKT from a 24-year-old female donor. All received hemodialysis before SHKT. The indications for heart transplantation included @entity384 (n = 3), @entity296 (n = 1), @entity299 (n = 1), and cardiac allograft failure (n = 1). The immunosuppressive protocol and rejection surveillance were these employed for heart transplantation. No operative mortality was noted in this study. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were the same, 83%. The 10-year survival rate was 55%. No cardiac or renal allograft rejection was noted. No renal allograft loss was noted. There were two late mortalities: the one, who underwent redo heart transplantation for coronary artery vasculopathy died of cardiac allograft failure 1 year after SHKT. The other @entity1 died of massive @entity39 of the intestine at 6 years after SHKT. Our experience showed that SHKT had good short- and long-term results without increasing immunosuppressive doses. End-stage failure of either the heart or the kidney did not preclude heart plus kidney transplantation.

title: Simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation for combined cardiac and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac allograft vasculopathy']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal failure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Obesity management guidelines specify initial goals for participation and @entity353 for the first 6 months of a weight-reduction intervention, but guidelines do not specify when to assess early response and make adjustments. We aimed to determine whether very early or early @entity353 in the weight-reduction program MOVE! predicted later participation or achievement of weight-reduction goals. METHODS: Using clinical data from 375 MOVE! @entity1 enrolled from July 2008 through May 2010, we examined program participation and @entity353 . Very early response was defined as achieving a @entity353 of 0.5% or more at week 2, and early response was defined as achieving @entity353 of 1.0% or more at week 4. Success, or achievement of weight-reduction goal, at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years was defined as a @entity353 of 5% or more. Participation was assessed according to the number of sessions attended within the first 6 months of program enrollment; attendance of 14 or more sessions was classified as high-intensity participation. RESULTS: Very early responders were more than 5 times as likely (odds ratio [OR] = 5.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-17.71; P = .005) and early responders were more than 10 times as likely (OR = 10.76; 95% CI, 2.64-43.80; P = .001) to achieve the 6-month weight-reduction goal as @entity1 who were not very early responders or early responders, respectively. Early responders were almost 7 times as likely to achieve the 1-year weight-reduction goal (OR = 6.96; 95% CI, 1.85-26.13; P = .004). Neither very early nor early response predicted participation, high-intensity participation, or success at 2 years. CONCLUSION: This research supports the predictive value of very early response and early response to MOVE! on weight-reduction success at 6 months; early response also predicted 1-year success, suggesting that the 2-week point may be an ideal time to assess initial response and make intervention adjustments.

title: Initial Response to Program, Program Participation, and Weight Reduction Among 375 MOVE! XXXX , Augusta, Georgia, 2008-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Participants']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on @entity1961 + T cells involved in the mediation of inflammatory tissue damage in @entity19 models of @entity29 ( @entity29 ). In particular, we describe the distinct roles of the homeostatic cytokine @entity10191 , which is essential to the maintenance of colitogenic memory @entity1961 + cells, and the newly discovered effector cytokine @entity636 . We also discuss the close correlation between colitogenic Th17-type @entity1961 + T cells and inducible @entity1961 +CD25+ @entity3744 + regulatory T cells. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity29 are characterized by wasting and chronic intestinal @entity32 induced by many different cytokine-mediated pathways. It is clearly recognized that medical and surgical interventions do not cure @entity30 because relapse is the rule after remission. Until a few years ago, @entity8787 was classified into @entity630 -dependent, that is, @entity30 , and @entity61 -dependent, that is, @entity31 , phenotypes. However, in recent years, it has been shown that new T-cell subclasses, that is, Th17 and regulatory T cells (T(R)), exist independently of @entity630 and @entity61 and that they play a central role in modulating @entity8787 . SUMMARY: The persistence of @entity10191 -dependent colitogenic memory @entity1961 + T cells is critical to the maintenance of experimental @entity1960 . On the other hand, though @entity630 and @entity61 colitogenic memory @entity1961 + cells exist, in recent years the central role of @entity636 -producing Th17-type cells in @entity8787 has attracted renewed interest. The development of molecularly targeted therapies aimed at a variety of different Th-dependent pathogenic mechanisms may represent a novel approach to @entity8787 therapy.

title: Homeostatic ( @entity10191 ) and effector ( @entity636 ) cytokines as distinct but complementary target for an optimal therapeutic strategy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['IBDs', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2411 is a common idiopathic @entity158 condition that adversely affects the quality of life and intimate relationships of afflicted couples. Cross-sectional interpersonal factors, including how couples with @entity2411 communicate with each other, have been linked to @entity1 's @entity158 and couples' relationship well-being. The current study investigated the observed and perceived associations between disclosure and empathic response, and couples' relationship adjustment, as well as @entity1 's @entity158 during intercourse, and quality of life. Fifty @entity1 (M age  =  24.50, SD  =  4.03) diagnosed with @entity2411 and their partners (M age  =  26.10, SD  =  5.70) participated in a filmed discussion of the impact of this condition on their lives. Disclosure and empathic response were assessed by a trained observer and self-reported by @entity1 immediately following the discussion. Analyses were based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Greater observed empathic response and perceived disclosure in @entity1 were associated with their higher quality of life. When @entity1 demonstrated greater empathic response, they and their partners reported higher relationship adjustment. In addition, when partners perceived greater empathic response, @entity1 reported higher relationship adjustment. There were no significant associations between disclosure or empathic response and @entity1 's @entity158 during intercourse. Disclosure and empathic response may help @entity1 sustain the quality of their lives, and couples maintain the quality of their overall relationship while coping with the challenges that @entity2411 poses to their intimate connection. Increasing disclosure and empathic response might be a valuable target for enhancing the efficacy of couple-based interventions for @entity2411 .

title: Observed and Perceived Disclosure and Empathy Are Associated With Better Relationship Adjustment and Quality of Life in Couples Coping With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity2411 :: ('MESH:D056650', 'Disease') :: ['Vulvodynia', 'vulvodynia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['vulvovaginal pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity2411 :: (MESH:D056650,Disease) :: ['Vulvodynia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13550 is the dilatation of the segmental intrahepatic bile ducts. It usually affects the entire liver but can occasionally involve only one lobe, commonly the left. This study included 12 cases of unilobular disease, nine localised in the left lobe and three in the right lobe, which were all treated by liver resection. @entity1 AND METHODS: These 12 @entity1 underwent surgery between 1974 and 1997. There were six @entity1 and six @entity1 (mean age: 51 years). The initial presentation and diagnosis were reported. The mean interval between the first symptoms and diagnosis was 12.5 years. Eight of the 12 @entity1 had undergone 22 surgical or endoscopic procedures prior to liver resection. In the present series a preoperative ultrasonogram or CT scan established the diagnosis in all cases. Six @entity1 did not have stones in the gallbladder. RESULTS: Surgical treatment consisted in seven left lobectomies, two left hepatectomies and three right hepatectomies (Couinaud's classification). A intrahilar cholangiojejunostomy was performed in five cases. Pathological examination showed @entity384 of the intrahepatic segmental and subsegmental bile ducts, measuring from a few millimetres to 4 cm, which contained calculi. Two cases were associated with @entity7872 . An intrahepatic focus of ectopic pancreatic tissue was seen in one case. There were no cases with @entity201 . One @entity1 developed a @entity3116 which required reoperation. All @entity1 had an uneventful long term postoperative course except for one @entity1 who died of @entity694 3 years postoperatively. CONCLUSION: When associated with other @entity600 , most notably @entity7872 , this commonly diffuse disease is called @entity13550 . The unilobar form, most usually involving the left lobe of the liver, is called @entity13550 . Both monolobar and diffuse types are often characterised by recurrent bouts of @entity255 and, in over half of the cases, by common bile duct stones without @entity1085 .

title: [Monolobar XXXX . Apropos of 12 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity7872 :: ('MESH:C562378', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3116 :: ('MESH:D001658', 'Disease') :: ['biliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity13550 :: ('MESH:D016767', 'Disease') :: ["Caroli's syndrome", "Caroli's disease"]

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity13550 :: (MESH:D016767,Disease) :: ['Caroli's disease']


abstract: The prevalence of @entity101 in @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is higher than in the general population. With the aim of determining the evolution of @entity101 associated with @entity459 , we analyzed a group of 56 @entity1 followed for a mean of 60 months (range 10-101 months) after successful parathyroidectomy for @entity459 . The study group consisted of 16 @entity1 and 40 @entity1 . The mean age was 49 +/- 12 years (range 18-73 years). None of the @entity1 had @entity8 . Two @entity101 @entity1 died during the follow-up from complications related to their @entity101 . Twelve (21.8%) @entity1 were @entity101 before parathyroid surgery (systolic greater than 160 mmHg and/or diastolic greater than 90 mmHg). Pre-operative midregion serum parathyroid hormone concentration was higher in the @entity101 @entity1 than in normotensive @entity1 (2.7 +/- 2.4 vs 0.82 +/- 0.4 mu iEq/l, p = 0.018). Pre-operative @entity1011 clearance was lower in the @entity101 @entity1 than in normotensive @entity1 (65.4 +/- 27.5 vs 86.7 +/- 26 ml/min, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences between normotensive and @entity101 @entity1 in age, sex, body weight, clinical manifestations, weight of parathyroid tissue removed, and @entity460 metabolism, or in plasma concentrations of @entity1760 , @entity414 , @entity165 , proteins, or albumin. During follow-up, none of the @entity1 with pre-operative @entity101 became normotensive, whereas 32% of the @entity1 who were normotensive preoperatively developed clinical @entity101 . The global prevalence of postoperative @entity101 was thus 48%. The @entity1 that developed @entity101 after parathyroidectomy were followed for a longer period than the normotensive @entity1 (76 +/- 17 vs 53 +/- 10 months, p = 0.005), had a lower postoperative @entity1011 clearance (74 +/- 28 vs 90 +/- 25 mg/min, p = 0.07), and higher @entity165 levels (6.2 +/- 1.5 vs 5.5 +/- 0.9 mmol/L, p = 0.08).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term effects of parathyroidectomy for XXXX on @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: @entity0 @entity1 with bone metastases often suffer from @entity5 . In general, @entity5 treatment is far from being optimal for many @entity1 . To date, @entity1286 remains the gold standard as first-line therapy, but other pure   agonists such as @entity10748 , @entity3575 , or @entity1288 can be considered. Transdermal opioids are an important option if the oral route is impossible. Due to its complex pharmacology, @entity284 should be restricted to @entity1 with difficult @entity158 syndromes. The availability of a fixed combination of @entity1288 and @entity1510 is a promising development for the reduction of opioid induced @entity1142 . Especially bone metastases often result in @entity158 episodes. Thus, the provision of an on-demand opioid (e.g., immediate-release @entity1286 or rapid-onset @entity3575 ) in addition to the baseline (regular) opioid therapy (e.g., sustained-release @entity1286 tablets) is mandatory. Recently, rapid onset fentanyls (buccal or nasal) have been strongly recommended for breakthrough @entity5 due to their fast onset and their shorter duration of action. If available, @entity10964 is an alternative non- @entity134 -anti-inflammatory-drug. The indication for @entity171 should always be checked early in the disease. In @entity5 stages, glucocorticoids are an important treatment option. If bone metastases lead to @entity9 , coanalgetics (e.g., pregabalin) should be initiated. In localized @entity158 , radiotherapy is the gold standard for @entity158 reduction in addition to pharmacologic @entity158 management. In diffuse @entity158 radionuclids (such as samarium) can be beneficial. Invasive measures (e.g., neuroaxial blockage) are rarely necessary but are an important option if @entity1 with @entity5 are refractory to pharmacologic management and radiotherapy as described above. Clinical guidelines agree that @entity5 management in incurable @entity5 is best provided as part of a multiprofessional palliative care approach and all other domains of suffering (psychosocial, spiritual, and existential) need to be carefully addressed (  @entity158  ).

title: XXXX Management and Bone Metastases: An Update for the Clinician.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10964 :: ('MESH:D004177', 'Chemical') :: ['metamizole']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1288 :: ('MESH:D010098', 'Chemical') :: ['oxycodone']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain', 'cancer pain syndromes', 'advanced cancer']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'total pain', 'breakthrough pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity10748 :: ('MESH:D004091', 'Chemical') :: ['hydromorphone']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity41680 is a rare, distinctive syndrome due to specific gain-of-function mutations in @entity1594 . The characteristic phenotype includes @entity851 , dysmorphic facial features, @entity393 , @entity154 , @entity2720 , @entity154 , @entity717 , and a more recently appreciated spectrum of @entity65 with a striking fibroproliferative response to surgical intervention. We report four newly described @entity1 with typical features of @entity41680 who had (i) a mildly narrow descending aorta and @entity296 ; (ii) recurrent @entity1143 ; (iii) a large persistent ductus arteriosus with @entity1498 ; and (iv) restrictive @entity66 requiring pericardiectomy. Additional information is provided about a fifth previously reported @entity1 with fatal @entity66 . A literature review of the cardiovascular features of @entity41680 was performed on 54 total @entity1 , all with a @entity1594 mutation. Seventy percent had a @entity65 including @entity4297 (63%), @entity66 (17%), @entity296 (9%), and systemic @entity101 (15%). @entity2396 and @entity296 are associated with high mortality (three @entity1 each among 10 @entity204 ); one @entity1 with @entity296 also had epicarditis. @entity296 and @entity854 distinguish @entity41680 from other disorders caused by mutations in the @entity2533 signaling cascade (Marfan, Loeys-Dietz, or Shprintzen-Goldberg syndromes). We hypothesize that the expanded spectrum of @entity65 relates to the ability of the @entity1594 protein to integrate diverse signaling pathways, including canonical @entity2533 , @entity6861 , and Activin signaling. The co-occurrence of congenital and acquired phenotypes demonstrates that the gene product of @entity1594 is required for both developmental and postnatal cardiovascular homeostasis.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Gain-of-function mutations in @entity1594 cause a distinctive repertoire of cardiovascular phenotypes in XXXX with @entity41680 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['radiographic defects', 'laryngotracheal anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial and pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiomyopathy', 'restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['Pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['juxtaductal aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity41680 :: ('MESH:C537620', 'Disease') :: ['Myhre syndrome']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular abnormalities', 'cardiovascular abnormality', 'cardiovascular defects']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A multidisciplinary approach using traditional open surgery, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the care of the adult with @entity66 . This study focuses on a similar collaborative effort to diagnose and treat @entity1 with @entity74 . Charts of all @entity1 treated on the pediatric surgery service between June 1990 and May 1995, who also underwent ERCP, were abstracted for disease process, presenting symptoms, laboratory evaluation, surgical or endoscopic procedures, and eventual outcome. Twenty-six @entity1 were identified, ranging from 6 months to 19 years of age. @entity74 included @entity788 (n = 1), @entity2941 (n = 4), pancreaticobiliary @entity130 (n = 4), @entity2963 and @entity2877 (n = 17). The pancreaticobiliary tree was successfully visualized by ERCP in 25 of 26 (96%) @entity1 . Fifteen of these @entity1 also underwent attempted therapeutic endoscopic procedures, with 13 (87%) performed successfully. Three @entity1 with @entity2941 had stents placed preoperatively for @entity255 , all of whom have undergone successful @entity2941 excision. Two @entity130 @entity1 underwent attempted stenting of a @entity1157 and bile duct stricture, respectively, both of which were unsuccessful, necessitating surgical correction. Seventeen @entity1 with @entity2963 underwent ERCP to rule out @entity2877 . Ten @entity1 were found to have common duct stones, and all stones were endoscopically extracted, including those in a 6-month-old @entity1 . Overall survival rate was 96% (25 of 26), with the one death occurring in a @entity130 @entity1 unrelated to his @entity74 . A multidisciplinary approach using traditional open surgery, ERCP and laparoscopic surgery can successfully treat even young @entity1 with @entity74 . In experienced hands, diagnostic ERCP and therapeutic endoscopic intervention can be performed successfully in most pediatric @entity1 , greatly simplifying the surgical management of these potentially complex problems.

title: Multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas divisum']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticobiliary disease']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['choledochal cyst']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['pancreaticobiliary disorders', 'Pancreaticobiliary disorders', 'pancreaticobiliary disorder']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['pancreaticobiliary disorders']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a case of @entity3327 associated with @entity1252 and @entity1985 . METHODS: A 29-year-old male @entity1 with a history of @entity4122 consulted at the emergency services with painful @entity3327 of 12 hours' duration. The intracavernosal aspirated blood had a venous appearance. Among the risk factors analyzed, @entity1252 and @entity1985 are recognized to cause @entity49 , a condition that can lead to @entity258 . RESULTS: There was no response to lavage-aspiration or intracorporeal administration of an alpha-adrenergic agonist. The high surgical risk of the @entity1 advised against surgery. The @entity3327 gradually diminished until complete remission on the sixth day. The @entity1 has remained without spontaneous erection. CONCLUSION: @entity1252 and @entity1985 can cause @entity258 . The best treatment is by prevention with adequate antithrombotic prophylaxis.

title: [Low-flow @entity3327 associated with XXXX and @entity1985 ].

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pathologies']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low flow priapism']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Recombinant @entity1 erythropoietins (rHuEPOs) are used to treat @entity5 . Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials, however, have raised concerns about the potential @entity5 -promoting effects of these drugs. Because the clinical significance of @entity5859 ( @entity5859 ) signaling in @entity1 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) also remains controversial, our aim was to study whether EPO treatment modifies @entity5 growth and if @entity5859 expression has an impact on the clinical behavior of this malignancy. A total of 43 @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and complete clinicopathological data were included. @entity5859 expression in @entity1 @entity420 samples and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Effects of exogenous rHuEPOa were studied on @entity1 lung @entity420 cell lines in vitro. In vivo growth of @entity1 @entity420 xenografts treated with rHuEPOa with or without chemotherapy was also assessed. In vivo @entity5 and endothelial cell (EC) proliferation was determined by @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) incorporation and immunofluorescent labeling. Although @entity5859 mRNA was expressed in all of the three investigated @entity420 cell lines, rHuEPOa treatment (either alone or in combination with @entity136 ) did not alter @entity420 cell proliferation in vitro. However, rHuEPOa significantly decreased @entity5 cell proliferation and growth of @entity1 H1975 lung @entity420 xenografts. At the same time, rHuEPOa treatment of @entity5 resulted in accelerated @entity5 endothelial cell proliferation. Moreover, in @entity1 with advanced stage lung @entity420 , high intratumoral @entity5859 mRNA levels were associated with significantly increased overall survival. This study reveals high @entity5859 level as a potential novel positive prognostic marker in @entity1 lung @entity420 .

title: XXXX expression is a potential prognostic factor in @entity1 lung adenocarcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'H1975 tumors', 'cancer-related anemia']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin receptor', 'EPOR']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ADC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5859 :: (2057,Gene) :: ['Erythropoietin receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disrupting Notch signaling ameliorates experimental liver @entity82 . However, the role of individual Notch ligands in @entity409 is unknown. We investigated the effects of @entity5237 ( @entity5237 ) in @entity409 . @entity22491 expression was measured in 31 @entity1 liver tissues by immunohistochemistry. @entity5237 function was examined in @entity4314 - and bile duct ligation-challenged @entity19 models in  vivo and evaluated in hepatic stellate cells, hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells in  vitro. @entity22491 was expressed in @entity1 ' Kupffer and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Recombinant @entity5237 protein ( @entity29046 ) ameliorated hepatocyte apoptosis, @entity32 , and @entity82 in @entity19 after @entity4314 challenge. In  vitro, @entity29046 significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide-dependent chemokine expression in both Kupffer and hepatic stellate cells. In bile duct ligation @entity19 , @entity29046 induced massive @entity99 , resulting in the death of all animals within 1 week. @entity32 and chemokine ligand 2 ( @entity1750 ) expression were significantly reduced in @entity29046 -receiving bile duct ligation @entity19 . Recombinant @entity1750 rescued bile duct ligation @entity19 from @entity29046 -mediated death. In @entity1 with @entity879 , @entity22491 expression was inversely associated with @entity2842 abundance. Mechanistically, @entity5237 regulated @entity1750 expression via NF-kB. Taken together, @entity5237 modulates liver inflammatory response by down-regulating chemokine expression. @entity29046 application results in opposing outcomes in two models of @entity409 . Loss of @entity22491 may be associated with @entity2842 -mediated cytokine storm in @entity1 with @entity879 .

title: XXXX Modulates Liver Damage by Down-Regulating Chemokine Expression.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Inflammatory cell infiltration']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute-on-chronic liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity5237 :: (54485(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Delta-Like Ligand 4']


abstract: Previous investigations have demonstrated that basal ACTH plasma levels are reduced and that GH levels are either increased or unchanged in @entity1 taking oral contraceptives. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the secretion of ACTH and GH following an intravenous infusion of @entity1 @entity6192 ( @entity6192 ) and @entity1 @entity7704 ( @entity7704 ) in control @entity1 (N = 8) and in @entity1 taking a triphasic oral contraceptive (N = 9). The studies were initiated between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. and all @entity1 were @entity4053 . An intravenous catheter attached to a 3-way stopcock was used for blood sampling and to inject a bolus of @entity6192 and @entity7704 (1 microgram/kg). Plasma samples were frozen immediately and stored at -70 degrees C until assayed for content of ACTH and GH by radioimmunoassay. The plasma levels of ACTH and GH increased following infusion of @entity6192 and @entity7704 in all @entity1 . The mean plasma levels of @entity2124 were not statistically different in oral contraceptive users compared to normal @entity1 . In contrast, ACTH plasma levels in oral contraceptive users were reduced approximately 25% overall, and significantly lower (p less than 0.04) at 120 minutes following the @entity6192 infusion compared to controls. In conclusion, the @entity7704 -stimulated GH release was similar in normal @entity1 and oral contraceptive users. @entity6192 -stimulated ACTH release was modestly reduced in oral contraceptive users compared to normal @entity1 suggesting that @entity172 and progestogens may have a suppressive effect on the release of ACTH by the pituitary.

title: Effect of oral contraceptives on adrenocorticotropin and @entity2124 secretion following XXXX and @entity7704 administration.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity7704 :: ('2691', 'Gene') :: ['GHRH', 'growth hormone releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity6192 :: ('1392', 'Gene') :: ['corticotropin releasing hormone', 'CRH']

answer: @entity6192 :: (1392,Gene) :: ['CRH']


abstract: A novel @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (HNT-34) was established from the peripheral blood of a 45-year-old female @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) transformed from @entity6130 ( @entity6130 ) with 3q21q26 syndrome. Morphologically, the HNT-34 cells were undifferentiated blasts which were negative for @entity3335 . The HNT-34 cells were positive for @entity404 , @entity10793 , @entity1116 and @entity2280 , but negative for CD41a and @entity27463 . The cells actively proliferated in suspension with a doubling time of 26-27h in the absence of any growth factors. Neither proliferative advantage nor differentiation was observed with the addition of G-CSE @entity2841 , @entity2772 , @entity5787 , @entity3733 or PMA. Cytogenetic analysis showed 46,XX. t(3;3)(q21;q26), t(9;22)(q34;q11),20q-. Molecular analysis showed expression of @entity22213 gene, @entity9710 / @entity1861 chimaeric transcripts. The chromosomal breakpoint at 3q26 of HNT-34 cell line was located to approximately 200 kb 5' of @entity44218 locus and more upstream of the @entity22213 . which is the same region as that of somatic cell hybrid line @entity44219 . The breakpoint at 3q21 was located within the 390 kb centromeric from the breakpoint cluster region. These results suggest that the HNT-34 cell line may be a useful tool for the elucidation of the mechanisms of leukaemogenesis which involve the 3q21q26 syndrome and Ph1 chromosome.

title: Establishment of a novel @entity1 @entity1778 cell line (HNT-34) with t(3;3)(q21;q26), t(9;22)(q34;q11) and the expression of @entity22213 gene, P210 and P190 BCR/ABL chimaeric transcripts from a @entity1 with XXXX after MDS with 3q21q26 syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity6130 :: ('MESH:D015477', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia', 'CMMoL']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukaemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity44219 :: ('p|SUB|H|10|C', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['H10C']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: This experiment had three goals: 1. To identify the basis of sucking-induced @entity1337 in healthy, term, newborn @entity1 undergoing the @entity158 , routine, procedure of heel lance and blood collection. 2. To evaluate how taste-induced and sucking-induced analgesias combine to combat @entity158 . 3. To determine whether facial grimacing was an accurate index of diminished @entity158 , or whether it was linked to tissue @entity130 . We report that: 1. Sucking an unflavored pacifier was analgesic when and only when suck rate exceeded 30 sucks/ @entity1009 . The combination of @entity969 and nonnutritive sucking was remarkably analgesic; we saw no behavioral indication in nine of the ten @entity1 that the heel lance had even occurred. 3. Grimacing was reduced to almost naught by procedures that essentially eliminated crying and markedly reduced heart rate during the blood harvesting procedure.

title: Suckling- and @entity969 -induced @entity1337 in XXXX newborns.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Ciliated airway epithelial cells are critical for mucosal barrier function, including host defense against pathogens. This cell population is often the primary target and thereby the first line of defense against many common respiratory viruses. It is also the precursor for mucous cells and thereby promotes mucociliary clearance of infectious and other noxious agents. Cells with motile cilia in other organs (e.g., brain and reproductive organs) may also have roles in development and reproduction. However, definitive proof of ciliated cell function is hampered by the lack of strategies to specifically target this cell population for loss of function in vivo. To this end, cell type-specific gene promoters have been combined with the Cre/LoxP system to disrupt genes in airway and alveolar epithelial cell populations expressing surfactant protein C (SP-C) or @entity32123 ( @entity32123 ). By contrast, an analogous system to disrupt gene function in ciliated airway epithelial cells was still needed. Here we report the generation and analysis of @entity19 lines with a @entity44259 promoter driving the Cre recombinase and show that this system mediates genomic recombination specifically in ciliated cells. The pattern of recombination recapitulates endogenous @entity44259 promoter function, being restricted to ciliated cells present in pulmonary airways as well as choroid plexus, ependyma, oviduct, and testis. This transgenic @entity19 system thereby offers a new strategy for specific knockouts of genes in ciliated cells. It should prove extremely useful for defining ciliated cell function in airway mucosal immunity as well as development and reproduction.

title: A transgenic XXXX -Cre system for gene inactivation in ciliated epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity32123 :: ('22287(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Clara cell secretory protein', 'CCSP']

answer: @entity44259 :: (15223(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['FOXJ1']


abstract: @entity11704 is a photosynthetic bacterium which swims by rotating a single flagellum in one direction, periodically stopping, and reorienting during these stops. Free-swimming @entity11704 was examined by both @entity8 ( @entity8 ) microscopy, which allows the flagella of swimming cells to be seen in vivo, and tracking microscopy, which tracks swimming patterns in three dimensions. @entity8 microscopy showed that when rotation stopped, the helical flagellum relaxed into a high-amplitude, short-wavelength coiled form, confirming previous observations. However, @entity8 microscopy also revealed that the coiled filament could rotate slowly, reorienting the cell before a transition back to the functional helix. The time taken to reform a functional helix depended on the rate of rotation of the helix and the length of the filament. In addition to these coiled and helical forms, a third conformation was observed: a rapidly rotating, apparently straight form. This form took shape from the cell body out and was seen to form directly from flagella that were initially in either the coiled or the helical conformation. This form was always significantly longer than the coiled or helical form from which it was derived. The resolution of @entity8 microscopy made it impossible to identify whether this form was genuinely in a straight conformation or was a low-amplitude, long-wavelength helix. Examination of the three-dimensional swimming pattern showed that @entity11704 changed speed while swimming, sometimes doubling the swimming speed between stops. The rate of acceleration out of stops was also variable. The transformations in waveform are assumed to be torsionally driven and may be related to the changes in speed measured in free-swimming cells. The roles of and mechanisms that may be involved in the transformations of filament conformations and changes in swimming speed are discussed.

title: Transformations in flagellar structure of XXXX and possible relationship to changes in swimming speed.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['differential interference contrast', 'DIC']

entities_list: @entity11704 :: ('1063', 'Species') :: ['R. sphaeroides', 'Rhodobacter sphaeroides']

answer: @entity11704 :: (1063,Species) :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides']


abstract: Recently, the number of drug substances that are poorly water-soluble has increased dramatically. This makes improving solubility one of the most critical tasks in pharmaceutical development today. In this study, the physicochemical stability of an injectable solution of @entity15707 salt was investigated. Because its free form is hydrophobic, the drug substance was solubilized in a co-solvent system, 40% of which was composed of different @entity4313 . Since the free form is also alkaline, @entity880 was added to the co-solvent system to further improve its solubility. Remarkably, the pH of the solution was found to increase gradually over time. Considering the physicochemical nature of the drug substance, uncontrolled increases in pH would pose a potential threat of reducing solubility and forming precipitates. For this reason, a risk evaluation was performed. The evaluation revealed that the pH increase was caused by the hydrolysis of @entity880 oligomers as well as by the @entity13507 formation occurring between @entity880 and the @entity4313 . High concentrations of @entity880 supplied as an excipient usually contain @entity880 oligomers, which are hydrolyzed into @entity880 monomers upon dilution with water. Commercial software was used to determine the pK(a) values of the @entity880 oligomers, which were found to be lower than that of @entity880 monomers. This indicates that hydrolysis causes the pH to increase. @entity13507 formation consumes the acid, which also causes the pH to increase. However, both hydrolysis and @entity13507 formation equilibrated by the 16-month time point when stored at 25 degrees C. This information allowed the upper limit of the pH increase to be determined molecularly, thereby ensuring product quality through the prevention of precipitate formation due to reduced solubility. Increased awareness of the importance of risk evaluation in pharmaceutical development is critical as these kinds of chemical reactions between excipients constitute a potential risk factor, but tend to be overlooked.

title: Excipient hydrolysis and XXXX formation increase pH in a parenteral solution over aging.

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity15707 :: ('MESH:C106389', 'Chemical') :: ['conivaptan hydrochloride']

answer: @entity13507 :: (CHEBI:35701,Chemical) :: ['ester']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the clinical potential of HSV-TK/GCV system in gene-therapy of @entity5 by using this system to treat @entity1 @entity2 A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. METHOD: The in vitro sensitivity levels of A549/TK (TK-tranfered A549) cells and wild type A549 cells to GCV were expressed as IC50 which was measured with @entity98 assay after treating both cells for 72 hrs. In vivo study, The @entity19 bearing A549/TK @entity5 or @entity5 were used as experimental models. All the animals were divided into 3 groups. Group 1, the animals bearing A549/TK @entity5 would be treated with GCV. Group 2, The animals bearing A549/TK @entity5 would be treated with saline. Group 3, The animals bearing @entity5 would be treated with GCV. When the @entity5 reached to 200-300 mg the animals would be injected intraperitoneally with GCV solution (100 mg.kg-1.day-1) or equal volume of saline for two weeks. In this period and the following four weeks, the @entity5 weights were measured and calculated with the experience formula once every three or four days. RESULT: In vitro study showed that the A549/TK cells were apparently killed in a 20 mumol/L GCV solution while the wild type A549 cells grew normally under the same condition. The IC50 of A549/TK cells in GCV solution was 0.5 mumol/L and that of A549 cells 500 mumol/L, showing a 1,000 fold difference (P < 0.01). In vivo experiment GCV had compelled the A549/TK @entity5 to lead to a regression of 92%, meanwhile the A549 @entity5 treated with GCV increased 3.9 times in weight in the first seventeen days of experiment. Group 2 @entity5 A549/TK @entity5 which were treated with saline, grew as well as group 3 did. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between group 1 and other groups. CONCLUSION: GCV could specifically and effectively kill the TK-transfered A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. This result suggested that the HSV-TK/GCV system may have a clinical potential for gene therapy of @entity2 .

title: [Experimental studies on XXXX @entity2 gene-therapy with HSV-TK/GCV system].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'A549 tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of exercise-induced @entity120 (exPH) in @entity785 ( @entity785 ) remains a complex task, as both left ventricle (LV) @entity67 and @entity358 can contribute to its development. We determined the incidence of exPH in @entity785 and examined the association between pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) and tissue Doppler-derived indexes of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity785 were studied, using a cycloergometer protocol; 10 were excluded due to resting PH or absence of @entity997 ( @entity997 ); @entity997 and mitral E-wave velocities, LV outflow tract time-velocity integral and LV septal E'-wave were measured before and in peak exercise to @entity998 (CO), PCWP and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). RESULTS: Mean age of diagnosis was 57.9    8.9 years. At a mean workload of 64    29 Watts, 48% of @entity1 increased PASP >=  50 mmHg. PCWP, assessed by the E/e' ratio, did not change significantly during exercise (10.2    3.1-10.0    5.1; P = NS). Only 3 @entity1 had elevations of the E/e' ratio >=  13 during exercise; 2 of them had an exercise PASP >=  50 mmHg, yielding a proportion of exPH due to elevated LV filling pressures of 2/11 (18%). @entity1 with exPH had lower DLCO and had more frequently the diffuse @entity785 . CONCLUSION: The elevation of PASP during exercise in most @entity1 of this cohort seems to be related to a @entity358 , and not to an increase in PCWP. Further studies are warranted to determine the therapeutic, as well as prognostic implications of these findings.

title: Exercise-induced XXXX in scleroderma @entity1 : a common finding but with elusive pathophysiology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['calculate cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease', 'reduced pulmonary vascular reserve']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine if proteolysis by the @entity460 -dependent enzyme calpains (EC 3.4.22.17) contributed to retinal cell death in a @entity35 model of @entity528 induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ). @entity2000 was evaluated by H_E staining, and cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. Total @entity460 in retina was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Activation of calpains was determined by casein zymography and immunoblotting. Proteolysis of alpha-spectrin and @entity7505 (regulator of @entity10829 ) were evaluated by immunoblotting. Calpain inhibitor @entity29043 was orally administrated to @entity7045 -treated @entity35 to test drug efficacy. @entity7045 decreased the thickness of photoreceptor cell layer, composed of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). Numerous cells in the ONL showed positive TUNEL staining. Total @entity460 was increased in retina after @entity7045 . Activation of calpains and calpain-specific proteolysis of alpha-spectrin were observed after @entity7045 injection. Oral administration of @entity29043 to @entity7045 -treated @entity35 showed a significant protective effect against photoreceptor cell loss, confirming involvement of calpains in @entity528 . Conversion of @entity7505 to @entity30236 was well correlated with calpain activation, suggesting prolonged activation of @entity10829 / @entity30236 as a possible downstream mechanism for @entity7045 -induced photoreceptor cell death. @entity29043 reduced photoreceptor cells death, even though @entity7045 is one of the most severe models of photoreceptor cell degeneration. Oral calpain inhibitor @entity29043 may be a candidate for testing as a medication against @entity2000 in @entity6391 .

title: Contribution of calpains to photoreceptor cell death in @entity7044 -treated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal degeneration', 'retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'outer segment']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Excessive @entity25 is a common symptom in @entity6038 ( @entity6038 ). @entity387 ( @entity387 ) and narcoleptic traits such as REM sleep onsets (SOREMPs) have been reported in these subjects. We evaluated nighttime and daytime sleep patterns in @entity1 with @entity6038 in order to clarify the nature of their @entity2147 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed overnight continuous EEG-polysomnographic studies (with @entity1353 monitoring included) in 14 subjects (6 M,8 F; mean age 17 years, range 8-37) affected by @entity6038 unselected for @entity25 . Ten @entity1 underwent a Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) the day following the nocturnal sleep studies. @entity1 assessment was completed by means of immunogenetic characterization. RESULTS: Nocturnal polysomnographic investigation documented sleep related @entity1353 such as @entity2417 , @entity387 or @entity3316 which mainly occurred during REM sleep in 8 subjects and did not cause @entity25 . Only 4 subjects presented an increase in the @entity1576 Index (RDI) slightly above the normal limits. In 8 subjects out of 10, with and without @entity387 , the mean daytime sleep latency could be considered abnormal according to the Tanner staging of pubertal development. Five @entity1 showed at least two SOREMPs at MSLT. Subjects with and without SOREMPs had, respectively, a mean age of 18.6 SD 7.9 (4 M, 1 F) and 14.5 SD 2.9 (4 F, 1 M). The paternal deletion:uniparental dysomy ratio at genotypic characterization was 4:1 and 3.5:1 in subjects with and without SOREMPs, respectively. No @entity1 presented DR-15 nor Dq-6. CONCLUSIONS: @entity25 is a frequent disturbance in @entity6038 . Subgroups of PW @entity1 show @entity2147 and SOREMPs. @entity387 appears to have a limited role in the genesis of @entity2147 which not seems on the other hand attributable to the coexistence of @entity2724 phenotype. @entity2147 in @entity751 is likely to mainly be attributable to a primary @entity1640 . The potential interacting role of other factors such as subjects age, sex and genetic pattern is suggested and deserve further investigation.

title: XXXX in the @entity6038 : clinical-electrophysiological features and underlying factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['central apneas']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disordered breathing', 'SDB', 'hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing', 'breathing abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnia', 'hypersomnolence', 'Hypersomnia']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory Disorder']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['PW syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6038 :: ('MESH:D011218', 'Disease') :: ['Prader Willi syndrome', 'PWs']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'sleep disturbances', 'sleep disruption']

answer: @entity2147 :: (MESH:D006970,Disease) :: ['Hypersomnia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity1 who developed @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in association with corticosteroid treatment respond differently to photodynamic therapy (PDT) as compared to @entity1 who have not used @entity288 . METHODS: Clinical evaluation included visual acuity (VA), fundoscopy, optical coherence tomography (OCT), @entity941 and @entity3194 angiography. The main outcome measure was a complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF) on OCT after PDT. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three eyes (117 @entity1 ), including 35 @entity479 -associated cases (29%), who received PDT treatment with reduced settings for active @entity989 were included. Complete resolution of SRF on OCT was seen in 69% of the @entity479 -associated cases and in 50% of the controls after PDT treatment (p  =  0.062). At the final follow-up moment, 74% of the cases had a complete resolution of SRF compared to 60% in the control group (p  =  0.142). The VA at the first visit after therapy showed an increase in both groups (mean VA before treatment; cases: 69      14 Early Treatment @entity6 Study (ETDRS) letters, controls: 74      13 ETDRS letters, mean VA first visit after treatment; cases: 76      13 ETDRS letters, controls: 75      13 ETDRS letters). No significant differences were seen in response to PDT between the @entity1 who continued @entity228 treatment and those who ceased the use of @entity288 . CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy appears to be equally effective in @entity1 suffering from @entity479 -associated @entity989 as compared to @entity1 with @entity989 who do not use @entity288 . Continuation of @entity288 at the time of PDT treatment does not seem to adversely affect PDT response.

title: Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in @entity479 -associated XXXX : a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy', 'cCSC']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['chronic central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Under environmental conditions, fish can be exposed to multiple stressors including natural toxins and infectious agents at the same time. This study brings new knowledge on the effects of controlled exposure to multiple stressors in fish. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that influence of cyanobacterial biomass and an infection agent represented by the @entity1547 can combine to enhance the effects on fish. METHODS: @entity7136 were divided into four groups, each with 40 specimens for 20 days: control group, cyanobacterial biomass exposed group, @entity26994 -infected fish (Ich) and cyanobacterial biomass-exposed fish + @entity26994 -infected fish. During the experiment we evaluated the clinical signs, mortality, selected haematological parameters, immune parameters and toxin accumulation. RESULTS: There was no mortality in control fish and cyanobacterial biomass-exposed fish. One specimen died in @entity26994 -infected fish and the combined exposure resulted in the death of 13 specimens. The whole leukocyte counts (WBC) of the control group did not show any significant differences. Cyanobacteria alone caused a significant increase of the WBC on day 13 (p <=0.05) and on day 20 (p <=0.01). Also, @entity26994 caused a significant elevation of WBC (p <=0.01) on day 20. Co-exposition resulted in WBC increased on day 13 and decrease on day 20, but the changes were not significant. It is evident from the differential leukocyte counts that while the increase of WBC in the group exposed to cyanobacteria was caused by elevation of lymphocytes, the increase in the group infected by @entity26994 was due to the increase of myeloid cells. It well corresponds with the integral of chemiluminescence in the group infected by @entity26994 , which is significantly elevated on day 20 in comparison with all other groups. CONCLUSIONS: We can confirm additive action of different agents on the immune system of fish. While single agents seemed to stimulate the immune response, the combination of both caused immunosuppression.

title: Combined exposure of XXXX ( @entity7136 L.) to cyanobacterial biomass and @entity1547 .

entities_list: @entity7136 :: ('7962', 'Species') :: ['Common carps']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['white spot disease']

entities_list: @entity26994 :: ('5932', 'Species') :: ['Ichthyophthirius multifiliis', 'I. multifiliis']

answer: @entity7136 :: (7962,Species) :: ['carps']


abstract: @entity548 may occur in a variety of clinical settings, but spontaneous @entity7252 has not been reported from a cirrhotic liver. We describe a case of major hepatic @entity7252 in a @entity1 with @entity82 and no history of @entity130 . A 50-year-old @entity1 had @entity490 , @entity476 , and profound @entity417 . An extensive workup did not show the site of @entity548 but did show a mass in the gallbladder. Cholecystectomy was performed, and at operation the @entity1 was found to have @entity82 and @entity101 . The gallbladder "mass" was simply an organized clot, and @entity548 recurred postoperatively. On reoperation, @entity548 from the ampulla of Vater was observed, confirming the diagnosis of @entity7252 . She was treated with angiographic interruption of hepatic arterial flow, at which time @entity548 ceased. Her total transfusion requirements included 46 units of blood. Through 16 months of follow-up the @entity1 has had no recurrent @entity548 and no evidence of @entity75 . This case demonstrates that spontaneous @entity7252 may indeed arise from a cirrhotic liver. Proximal interruption of arterial flow is usually not recommended for @entity7252 , especially in the presence of @entity101 and @entity82 , but may be life-saving in selected @entity1 .

title: Atraumatic XXXX arising from a cirrhotic liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity7252 :: (MESH:D006431,Disease) :: ['hemobilia']


abstract: Both apoptosis and @entity39 lead to the same target, i.e. the @entity204 of the cell. However their mechanisms are different although they are evoked by similar factors. The differences between apoptosis and @entity39 concern not only morphological features but also biochemical changes taking place in the cell. In the case of apoptotic @entity204 of cell, its intracellular content is not released and that is why inflammatory reaction, which is present in @entity39 , is absent. In @entity39 , defined as a passive @entity204 , majority of enzymes as well as metabolic tracts are lost and the released lysosome enzymes digest cellular components. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is an active process which requires supply of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) and which is controlled by many genes. There are many factors that determine the kind of cell @entity204 . The most important of them seems to be the level of intracellular @entity855 connected with caspase activation. This is the reason why mitochondria are considered to be the main cell organelles, which determine the type of cell @entity204 . Disturbances in the flow of ions connected with the activation of specific ion channels as well as free @entity26 radicals are of importance here, too.

title: [Apoptosis and XXXX --two different ways leading to the same target].

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity1 undergoing elective repair of infrarenal @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) and the longitudinal trends in surgical management (open repair vs @entity439 repair [EVAR]), factors associated with the choice of surgical technique, and differences in the rate of in-hospital mortality at a single large-volume Canadian center. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used data from a prospectively collected vascular surgery database and reviewed all @entity1 undergoing elective repair of an infrarenal AAA over a recent 10-year period (June 2000-May 2010). Information was reviewed regarding surgical techniques, @entity1 demographics, and short-term outcomes. Subsequent analysis included univariate statistics and multivariable logistic regression with data presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: A total of 1942 @entity1 underwent elective AAA repair over this 10-year study period, 1067 (54.9%) via open repair and 875 (45.1%) via EVAR. The proportion of @entity1 undergoing EVAR was significantly higher in the latter half of the study period compared to the first half (55.8% vs 33.9%; P < .01). Older @entity1 (75 vs 71; P < .01) and those with higher American Society of Anesthesiologists classifications (P < .01) were more likely to receive endovascular repair than open repair. The overall in-hospital mortality rate in the entire cohort was low (2.3% for EVAR and 3.9% for open repair), and after multivariable logistic regression and adjustment for preoperative factors, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in @entity1 with open AAA repair (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.04-3.13; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: This 10-year analysis shows a significant shift toward an endovascular approach in the repair of infrarenal @entity1028 at our Canadian center. Similar to other jurisdictions, higher risk and older @entity1 are more likely to be treated with an endovascular repair resulting in a survival advantage in these @entity1 compared to standard open repair.

title: Trends in management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical efficacy and safety of a @entity10438 / @entity6410 (MF/F) fixed-dose combination formulation administered via a metered-dose inhaler was investigated in @entity1 with moderate to very severe @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). METHODS: Two 52-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with identical study designs were conducted in current or ex-smokers (aged >= 40 years), and pooled study results are presented herein. Subjects (n = 2251) were randomized to 26 weeks of twice-daily treatment with MF/F 400/10  g, MF/F 200/10  g, MF 400  g, @entity6236  g, or placebo. After the 26-week treatment period, placebo subjects completed the trial and 75% of subjects on active treatment entered a 26-week safety extension. Coprimary efficacy variables were mean changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)), area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours postdose (AUC(0-12 h)), and morning predose/trough FEV(1) from baseline to the week 13 endpoint. Key secondary efficacy variables were St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores, symptom-free nights, time-to-first exacerbation, and partly stable @entity1030 at the week 26 endpoint. RESULTS: In the 26-week treatment period, significantly greater increases in FEV(1) AUC(0-12 h) occurred with MF/F 400/10 versus MF 400 and placebo at the week 13 and week 26 endpoints (P  <= 0.032). These increases were over three-fold greater with MF/F 400/10 than with MF 400. Also, significantly greater increases in morning predose/trough FEV(1) occurred with MF/F 400/10 versus @entity6236 and placebo at the week 13 endpoint (P < 0.05). The increase was four-fold greater with MF/F 400/10 than with @entity6236 . All active treatment groups achieved minimum clinically important differences from baseline (>4 units) in St George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores at week 26. Symptom-free nights increased by >= 14% in the @entity6236 groups (P  <= 0.033 versus placebo). The incidence of exacerbations was lower in the MF/F groups ( <=33.3%) than it was in the MF, @entity6410 , and placebo groups (>= 33.8%) over the 26-week treatment period. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the active-treated and placebo-treated subjects across 26 weeks of treatment. Over the 1-year study period, there were no notable differences in the incidence or types of adverse events between the @entity38554 200/10 groups compared with the MF or @entity6410 groups. Differences in rates of individual treatment-emergent adverse events were <3% between treatment groups. Rates of @entity55 were low ( <=2%) across all treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity1 treated with MF/F demonstrated significant improvements in lung function, health status, and exacerbation rates. Although significant improvements were seen with both doses, a trend showing a dose-response effect was observed in the lung function measurements.

title: Efficacy and safety characteristics of @entity10438 / @entity6410 fixed-dose combination in subjects with moderate to very severe XXXX : findings from pooled analysis of two randomized, 52-week placebo-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol', 'formoterol fumarate']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Active @entity548 varices are a great challenge to endoscopists. In this study, we compared the short-term efficacy and safety of banding ligation with injection sclerotherapy in the arresting of active @entity548 from esophageal varices. Seventy-one cirrhotic @entity1 with active variceal @entity548 were randomized to receive banding ligation (37 @entity1 ) or sclerotherapy (34 @entity1 ) immediately after endoscopic examinations. Primary success rate ( @entity548 stopped for 72 hours) was 97% in the ligation group and 76% in the sclerotherapy group (P = .009). The efficacy of ligation was similar to sclerotherapy in the control of oozing varices (100% vs. 89%, P = .23), whereas ligation was superior to sclerotherapy in the control of spurting varices (94% vs. 62%, P = .012). The requirement of vasoconstrictors after emergency endoscopic treatment was lower in the ligation group than in the sclerotherapy group (11% vs. 41%, P = .007). Treatment failure within 1 month was 8% in the ligation group vs. 30% in the sclerotherapy group (P = .02). Blood transfusion requirements were significantly lower in the ligation group than in the sclerotherapy group (3.2 +/- 1.2 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.8 units, P < .01). Rebleeding rate within 1 month was 17% in the ligation group and 33% in the sclerotherapy group (P = .19). Significant complications were encountered in 5% of the ligation group and 29% of the sclerotherapy group (P = .007). Mortality rates within 1 month were 19% in the ligation group and 35% in the sclerotherapy group (P = .19). Banding ligation and sclerotherapy were comparable in the arresting of oozing varices, whereas ligation was superior to sclerotherapy in the control of spurting varices. @entity1 treated with ligation required fewer vasoconstrictors and fewer transfusion units than @entity1 treated with sclerotherapy. Furthermore, banding ligation was associated with a lower complication rate than sclerotherapy.

title: Emergency banding ligation versus sclerotherapy for the control of active XXXX from esophageal varices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies in @entity840 heart cells have shown pharmacologically and kinetically distinct components of the classical delayed rectifier current (IK), generally referred to as IKr (rapid IK) and IKs (slow IK). This study was designed to determine whether the @entity1 heart contains corresponding components. METHODS: The whole cell voltage clamp technique was used to study IK in single myocytes isolated from @entity1 right atrial appendages removed at the time of aortocoronary artery bypass surgery. RESULTS: The activation of IK was best fitted by a biexponential relation, with time constants averaging 204(SEM 20) and 1080(197) ms at +10 mV. IK was inhibited by the specific IKr blocker @entity9690 (5 microM), with the drug sensitive and drug resistant components having markedly different kinetic properties. The @entity9690 sensitive current activated rapidly, while the drug resistant component activated more slowly, and the activation time courses of @entity9690 sensitive and resistant currents paralleled the rapid and slow components of IK between -20 and +50 mV. The @entity9690 sensitive component showed strong inward rectification, a half activation voltage ( @entity16728 /2) of -14.0(3.3) mV and a slope factor (k) of 6.5(1.5) mV, while the @entity9690 resistant current had a linear current-voltage relationship, and values of +19.9(4.2) mV and 12.7(2.5) mV for @entity15880 respectively. The envelope of tails analysis showed a time dependent change in IKtail/IKstep under control conditions, and @entity9690 strongly reduced the time dependent variation, suggesting that the @entity9690 resistant current consisted of one dominant component. CONCLUSIONS: (1) IK in @entity1 atrium shows kinetically distinguishable rapid and slow components. (2) These components correspond to @entity9690 sensitive and resistant currents. (3) The kinetics and voltage dependence of the rapid ( @entity9690 sensitive) and slow ( @entity9690 resistant) components correspond to properties previously described in @entity840 myocytes. These findings have important potential implications for understanding the mechanisms of @entity1 atrial repolarisation and its regulation by the autonomic nervous system and antiarrhythmic drugs.

title: Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in XXXX atrial myocytes.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity20379 signalosome (CSN)- @entity16928 -RING ubiquitin (Ub)-ligase ( @entity18204 ) pathway is a prominent segment of the Ub proteasome system (UPS). It specifically ubiquitinates proteins and targets them for proteolytic elimination. As part of the UPS it maintains essential cellular processes including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, antigen processing and signal transduction. The CSN- @entity18204 pathway consists of the CSN possessing eight subunits ( @entity40156 - @entity20379 ) and one @entity18204 consisting of a @entity16928 , a RING-domain protein and a @entity10400 ( @entity10400 ). In @entity1 cells approximately 250 CRLs exist each of which interacting with a specific set of substrates and the CSN. The CSN- @entity18204 interplay determines the activity and specificity of @entity18204 ubiquitination. The removal of the Ub-like protein @entity16929 from the @entity18204 component @entity16928 by the CSN (deneddylation) reduces the ubiquitinating activity and at the same time enables reassembly of CRLs in order to adapt to substrate specificity requirements. On the other hand, CRLs as well as substrates negatively influence the deneddylating activity of the CSN. In recent years evidence accumulated that deregulation of the CSN- @entity18204 pathway can cause @entity5 . Here we review current knowledge on modifications of CSN and @entity18204 components including CSN subunits, SRSs and cullins causing tumorigenesis with emphasis on urological @entity5 . The CSN- @entity18204 pathway is a target of @entity5 as well as of a multitude of miRNAs. Recently evaluated miRNAs altered in @entity5 might have impact on the CSN- @entity18204 pathway which has to be analyzed in future experiments. We propose that the pathway is a suitable target for future @entity5 therapy.

title: Deregulation of the @entity20379 signalosome- @entity16928 -RING ubiquitin-ligase pathway: mechanisms and roles in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'tumor', 'tumor-viruses', 'cancer', 'urological cancers']

entities_list: @entity10400 :: ('MESH:D020238', 'Disease') :: ['SRS', 'substrate recognition subunit']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['urological cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of a rise in incidence and more effective treatments, the prevalence of @entity1 with @entity5 is increasing fast. When palliative treatment is aimed at maintaining or improving @entity1 ' quality of life, knowledge about severe @entity1295 is clinically relevant because of its debilitating effect, but at present this information is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the prevalence of severe @entity1295 in @entity1 with various incurable @entity5 and whether severe @entity1295 increased with further treatment lines and differed between various @entity5 and treatment modalities. In addition, a relationship between severe @entity1295 and other symptoms was examined. METHODS: @entity1 were asked to fill in the Checklist Individual Strength, European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire C30, and the McGill Pain Questionnaire during palliative anticancer treatment, and hemoglobin levels were collected. RESULTS: Of all participating @entity1 (n = 137), 47% were severely fatigued. @entity1 who received first line of treatment were significantly less often severely fatigued (40%) compared with @entity1 who received further lines (60%). Significantly more severe @entity1295 was observed when @entity1 had more @entity158 , @entity1353 , @entity1277 , @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity1142 . CONCLUSIONS: During the phase of palliative anticancer treatment, @entity1295 was the most common symptom, nearly half of the @entity1 had severe @entity1295 increasing with further treatment lines. Various treatment-related symptoms were related to more severe @entity1295 . IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: As severe @entity1295 is significantly related to other symptoms of @entity5 and its treatment, the screening and treatment of these @entity5 should be more stringent, as they might negatively influence each other.

title: Severe XXXX during the palliative treatment phase of @entity5 : an exploratory study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer', 'cancer-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1295 :: (MESH:D005221,Disease) :: ['fatigue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity increases @entity565 risk, and may alter @entity565 severity. In adults, sex appears to modify the effect of @entity28 on @entity565 . Among @entity1 , the effect of sex on the relationship between @entity28 and @entity565 severity remains less clear, particularly when considering race. OBJECTIVE: To determine how @entity28 affects disease characteristics in a diverse cohort of @entity1 with poorly controlled @entity565 , and if @entity28 effects are altered by sex. DESIGN: We analyzed 306 @entity1 between 6 and 17 years of age with poorly controlled @entity565 enrolled in a 6-month trial assessing @entity10042 for @entity565 control. In this secondary analysis, we determined associations between @entity28 and symptom severity, spirometry, exacerbation risk, airway biomarkers, bronchial reactivity, and airflow perception. We used both a multivariate linear regression and longitudinal mixed-effect model to determine if @entity28 interacted with sex to affect @entity565 severity. RESULTS: Regardless of sex, BMI >95th percentile did not affect @entity565 control, exacerbation risk or airway biomarkers. Sex changed the effect of @entity28 on lung function (sex   *   @entity28 FEV1%, interaction P-value   <   0.01, sex   *   @entity28 FEV1/FVC, interaction P-value   =   0.03). Obese males had significantly worse airflow obstruction compared to non-obese males, while in females there was no @entity28 effect on airflow obstruction. In females, @entity28 was associated with significantly greater FEV1 and FVC, and a trend toward reduced airway reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity did not affect @entity565 control, airway markers or disease stability; however @entity28 did affect lung function in a sex-dependent manner. In males, @entity28 associated with reduced FEV1/FVC, and in females, @entity28 associated with substantially improved lung function.

title: Obesity in XXXX with poorly controlled @entity565 : Sex differences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: 1. @entity2003 was assessed quantitatively and objectively as increases in electromyographic (EMG) activity ( @entity2003 ) in the hindlimb muscles of the @entity35 following subcutaneous administration of @entity1767 , @entity1768 and @entity5957 . 2. Behavioural changes were assessed as increases in the @entity8364 score, defined as the time taken for an animal to move off an inclined grid. 3. Increased tonic EMG activity, or the presence of @entity8364 was related to the level of occupancy of @entity935 D2 receptors in the striatum and substantia nigra of the brain, measured using ex vivo quantitative autoradiography. 4. Increases in tonic EMG activity and the induction of @entity8364 were associated with >80% occupancy of striatal and nigral D2 receptors by @entity1768 , while @entity1767 increased tonic EMG activity at D2 occupancies of >57%. 5. @entity5957 at doses ranging from 1-15 mg/kg failed to increase EMG activity and occupied <61% of striatal D2 receptors. 6. Overall the findings support the hypothesis that @entity2003 is observed when a threshold level of D2 receptors in the striatum and substantia nigra are occupied by antipsychotic drugs. 7. This conclusion is consistent with the results of positron emission tomography (PET) studies in @entity1 , and those from our past studies in @entity35 using @entity11641 , @entity2644 and @entity1088 , in which a threshold of approximately 70% striatal and nigral D2 receptor occupancy has been demonstrated.

title: An animal model of extrapyramidal side effects induced by antipsychotic drugs: relationship with D2 XXXX receptor occupancy.

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['muscle rigidity', 'Muscle rigidity']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity5957 :: ('MESH:D013881', 'Chemical') :: ['thioridazine', 'Thioridazine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Personal experience about the use of video laparoscopy (VL) in @entity1661 is reported. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">retrospective evaluation of @entity1 observed in the last years. SETTING: General Surgery I. Policlinico, University of Palermo. SUBJECTS: 61 VL have been performed: 30 @entity697 , 21 acute @entity2679 , 4 perforated peptic ulcer, 1 haemoperitoneum by haemorrhaged luteal corpus, 2 @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ), 1 @entity30 , 1 choledochal perforation after ERCP and 1 @entity548 after CVL. INTERVENTIONS: the following interventions have been performed: 22 VL appendectomy, 8 VL-assisted appendectomy, 21 VL cholecystectomy, 1 VL duodenal suture, 3 minilaparotomic duodenal suture, 2 prophylactic VL-assisted appendectomy, in 1 @entity1 with @entity30 and in 1 @entity4134 , 1 VL partial ovarian resection. In the case with choledochal perforation during ERCP a traditional cholecystectomy was performed with an outer biliary drainage. In the @entity1 with @entity548 after CVL the spontaneous haemostasis seen during VL was confirmed by laparotomy performed to exclude baro-haemostasis and to prevent from legal motivation. The procedure was only diagnostic in 1 @entity1 with @entity4134 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: the diagnostic and therapeutic value, versus traditional surgery have been valued. RESULTS: VL is useful both for a correct diagnosis and to lead a laparotomy if necessary, allowing an adequate peritoneal exploration and toilet without large incisions; the operation is therefore, in any case, less invasive. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience the usefulness of VL is clear in the suspect of @entity697 , acute @entity2679 , perforated peptic ulcer, haemoperitoneum and when diagnosis is not sure and in all other situations in which correct preoperative diagnosis is impossible. So this procedure is useful to make easy a correct diagnosis and to surgical treatment.

title: [Video laparoscopy in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal emergencies']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['terminal ileitis']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal emergencies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 has been reported in @entity1 with @entity6 and even in @entity28 individuals with a normal metabolic profile. Sympathetic activity commonly is increased in @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 , and @entity23703 is effective in lowering BP and improving insulin sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity23703 on @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity209 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with mild @entity101 were treated with @entity23703 and a hypocaloric diet for 3 months, while a second normotensive group (n = 26) were followed-up with calorie restriction alone. Anthropometric (body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and waist-to-hip ratio) and metabolic features (fasting plasma @entity413 and insulin, aminotransferases, @entity5428 transpeptidase, @entity1674 , and @entity165 levels) and @entity384 ( @entity384 ) were evaluated. Insulin resistance was calculated by using the homeostasis model assessment formula. Insulin sensitivity was calculated according to the quantitative @entity1720 check index (QUICKI). RESULTS: @entity13519 and @entity13520 (both p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.02) were higher, and QUICKI (p = 0.043) and @entity384 (p = 0.01) were lower in the @entity101 group at baseline. After 3 months, nearly all the study parameters improved in both treatment groups. The decrease in BP, increase in @entity384 , and improvements in metabolic and anthropometric parameters were significantly greater in the @entity23703 -treated group than in those treated with diet alone. CONCLUSION: @entity23703 is proposed as a valuable option for treating mild-to-moderate @entity101 in @entity28 and insulin-resistant @entity1 with @entity209 as it appears to improve @entity409 in these @entity1 .

title: The effect of @entity23703 on @entity409 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5428 :: ('CHEBI:24190', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-glutamyl']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['healthy obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilatation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity23703 :: ('MESH:C043482', 'Chemical') :: ['moxonidine', 'Moxonidine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: This phase I study evaluated elotuzumab, @entity6985 , and @entity619 in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Three cohorts were enrolled and treated with elotuzumab (5.0, 10, or 20 mg/kg intravenously) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day cycle in the first two cycles, and days 1 and 15 of each subsequent cycle; @entity6985 25 mg orally [PO] on days 1 to 21; and @entity619 40 mg PO weekly. Dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) were assessed during cycle 1 of each cohort, and clinical responses were evaluated during each cycle. The first five @entity1 received up to six cycles of therapy; subsequent @entity1 were treated until disease progression. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with advanced @entity1582 and a median of three prior @entity1582 therapies were enrolled; 28 @entity1 were treated, three each in the 5.0-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg cohorts and 22 in the 20-mg/kg cohort. No DLTs were observed up to the maximum proposed dose of 20 mg/kg. The most frequent grade 3 to 4 @entity137 were @entity1398 (36%) and @entity882 (21%). Two @entity1 experienced a serious infusion reaction (one grade 4 anaphylactic reaction and one grade 3 stridor) during the first treatment cycle. Objective responses were obtained in 82% (23 of 28) of treated @entity1 . After a median of 16.4 months follow-up, the median time to progression was not reached for @entity1 in the 20-mg/kg cohort who were treated until disease progression. CONCLUSION: The combination of elotuzumab, @entity6985 , and low-dose @entity619 was generally well tolerated and showed encouraging response rates in @entity1 with relapsed or refractory @entity1582 .

title: Elotuzumab in combination with @entity6985 and low-dose @entity619 in relapsed or refractory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['lenalidomide']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects of prolonged storage time, at warm and cold temperatures, on the viability of @entity1 nasal septal chondrocytes and to understand the implications for tissue engineering of septal cartilage. DESIGN: Basic science. SUBJECTS: Septal cartilage was obtained from 10 @entity1 and placed in bacteriostatic isotonic @entity2827 solution. Four specimens were kept at 23 degrees C, and 4 were kept at 4 degrees C. The viability of the chondrocytes within the cartilage was assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy every 5 days. The 2 other specimens were assessed for viability on the day of harvest. RESULTS: Viability on the day of harvest was 96%, implying minimal cell death from surgical @entity130 . After 1 week, cell survival in all specimens was essentially unchanged from the day of harvest. At 23 degrees C, the majority (54%) of cells were alive after 20 days. At 4 degrees C, 70% of cells survived 1 month and 38% were alive at 2 months. Qualitatively, chondrocytes died in a topographically uniform distribution in warm specimens, whereas cold specimens displayed a more irregular pattern of cell death. CONCLUSION: Septal chondrocytes remain viable for prolonged periods when stored in simple bacteriostatic isotonic @entity2827 solution, and such survival is enhanced by cold storage.

title: Stored XXXX septal chondrocyte viability analyzed by confocal microscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to define the imaging spectrum of @entity12692 of the abdomen and to correlate the results with clinicopathologic findings. METHOD: Seventeen @entity1 (male/female 7:10; mean age 35.6 years) with pathologically proved @entity12692 in the abdomen were included in this study. Radiologic findings (CT, n =17; US, n =10; MR, n =1) were retrospectively reviewed by two readers and were correlated with clinical and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Subjects were divided into those with localized (n = 11) and disseminated (n = 6) disease. In @entity66 , the pathologic subtypes were hyaline vascular type in eight and plasma cell type in three. Radiologic studies showed a single large mass in six and a single dominant mass with small satellite nodules in five. Central low attenuation was seen in two cases, and @entity730 was seen in three cases. Regional @entity3329 was found in five cases. In disseminated disease, there were three hyaline vascular types and three plasma cell types. Radiologic findings included diffuse @entity3329 (n = 6), @entity828 (n = 5), @entity843 (n = 3), and thickening of the retroperitoneal fascia (n = 3). Disseminated disease revealed symptoms and abnormal laboratory findings ( @entity417 , @entity4988 , elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate/ @entity1851 , etc.) more frequently than @entity66 and showed poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: There are two distinctive types of radiologic manifestations in @entity12692 of the abdomen: localized and disseminated. The localized type usually shows single or multiple discrete masses, and the disseminated type frequently shows nonspecific @entity7555 and @entity3329 .

title: XXXX of the abdomen: imaging spectrum and clinicopathologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['localized disease']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity12692 :: ('MESH:D005871', 'Disease') :: ['Castleman disease']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity12692 :: (MESH:D005871,Disease) :: ['Castleman disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This observational study was to identify risk factors for @entity5 recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study 107 @entity1 with primary @entity5 were analyzed. Surgical treatment consisted of radical excision of the @entity5 in combination with unilateral or bilateral superficial and deep inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy through separate incisions. @entity1 with @entity5 invasion >1 mm or wider than 2 cm and/or groin lymphnode @entity3 were referred for adjuvant radiotherapy. Those with large primary @entity5 received neoadjuvant radiotherapy of 30 Gy followed by surgical treatment and adjuvant radiotherapy. RESULTS: Most of @entity1 had only primary radiotherapy to the vulva and inguinal lymph nodes and only 34.5% of @entity1 were eligible for surgical treatment. In 5 year follow-up period 25.2% (27) @entity1 were alive without the disease, 15.0% (16) were alive with the disease and 59.8% (64) were dead. 60.7% (65) @entity1 experienced local recurrence and 2.8% (3) @entity1 had distant @entity3 . Median survival for @entity1 without recurrent disease was 38.9    3.2 months and 36.0    2.6 months with no statistically significant difference. @entity1 with early stage @entity5 had longer mean survival rates-for stage I 53.1    3.4 months, 38.4    4.4 months for stage II and 33.4    2.6 and 15.6    5.2 months for @entity1 with @entity5 , respectively. The only significant prognostic factor predicting @entity5 recurrence was involvement of the midline. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 having midline involvement of @entity5 has lower recurrence risk, probably because of receiving more aggressive treatment. There is a tendency for lower @entity5 recurrence risk for @entity1 over 70 years of age and @entity1 who are receiving radiotherapy as an only treatment without surgery, but tendency for higher risk of recurrence in @entity1 with multifocal @entity5 .

title: Midline involvement as a risk factor for XXXX recurrence.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer', 'deeper tumor', 'primary tumor', 'vulvar tumors', 'stage III and stage IV vulvar cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['vulvar cancer']