abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity774 are rare neoplasms and there is limited data on their surgical outcomes and long-term prognosis. We aimed to review our institutional experience and compare this to the existing literature on @entity774 in adults and @entity1 . An institutional pathology database was searched for cases of @entity774 (June 1956-July 2016). Clinical and imaging data were abstracted from the medical records and pathology slides were obtained for review. In addition, a PubMed search for " @entity774 " from June 1952 to July 2016 was performed to identify reports of primary @entity774 in @entity1 of all ages. Of 7706 @entity1 who underwent adrenalectomy during the study period at our institution, three @entity1 were identified with @entity774 . @entity1 were 24, 26, and 29  years of age, respectively. Two @entity1 presented with @entity490 and two of the three underwent a laparoscopic adrenalectomy. A pathologic examination revealed @entity44 that frequently displayed well-differentiated respiratory, digestive, and @entity1544 . Eighteen case reports in the literature were identified in @entity1 17-61  years of age. @entity1 presented most frequently with @entity812 (63.6%). Median @entity5 diameter was 9.0  cm and @entity5 were frequently left-sided (81.8%), cystic (63.6%), and calcified (72.7%) on either radiologic or pathologic examination. Primary @entity774 are rare neoplasms that typically present as large, left-sided nodules with cystic and calcified components seen radiographically. Although the data are limited, they are generally amenable to laparoscopic resection and have a very favorable prognosis.

title: XXXX : a Case Series and Review of the Literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal or flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous epithelia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['mature cystic teratomas']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal teratomas', 'adrenal teratoma', 'adrenal teratomas']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['Adrenal Teratoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: What defects in @entity413 metabolism are present in offspring of type 2 @entity6 @entity1 ( @entity9680 (+) with a positive family history of @entity6 ) and to what extent they depend on line of inheritance are uncertain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess clinical phenotype, insulin sensitivity, and b-cell function in @entity9680 (+) by line of inheritance. SUBJECTS: The subjects included 1221 nondiabetic @entity1 and @entity1 aged 30-60 yr, of whom 343 were @entity9680 (+), who participated to the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and @entity65 Investigators study, a multicenter European collaboration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures included the following: insulin sensitivity by the euglycemic clamp; total insulin secretion, b-cell @entity413 sensitivity, rate sensitivity, and potentiation by C-peptide deconvolution and oral @entity413 tolerance test modeling; and acute insulin response to i.v. @entity413 . RESULTS: Older age, increased adiposity, and @entity2299 were the dominant features of @entity9680 (+) clinical phenotype. @entity9680 (+) subjects had a 13% reduction in insulin sensitivity [95% confidence interval (CI) of 6,19], which in males was more pronounced (17%, CI: 5,24 vs. 10%, CI: 2,20) and influenced by maternal inheritance (21%, CI: 5,38 vs. 14%, CI: 0,28 paternal). After adjusting for confounders, b-cell @entity413 sensitivity and rate sensitivity were reduced by 13% (CI: 3,20) and 18% (CI: 5,35), respectively (P < 0.01 for both); the former defect was more severe with maternal (16%, CI: 4,26) than paternal (9%, CI: -2,22) transmission. Independently of line of inheritance, both fasting and total oral @entity413 tolerance test insulin secretion were increased in proportion to the insulin resistance, whereas acute insulin response and rate sensitivity were not. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 inheritance is expressed as a characteristic clinical phenotype associated with @entity1720 and b-cell @entity413 sensitivity, which are accentuated along maternal inheritance. b-Cell rate sensitivity is reduced and b-cell dynamic responses to insulin resistance are lost independently of the line of inheritance.

title: Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in the offspring of type 2 @entity6 XXXX : impact of line of inheritance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['defects in insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combined dose response effects of pregnancy cigarette smoke exposure on childhood overweight, @entity28 and @entity851 have not been reported. METHOD: A community based cross-sectional survey of 3038 @entity1 aged 5-11 years from 15 primary schools in Merseyside, UK. Self-completed parental questionnaires were used for family characteristics, socio-economic status and parental smoking practices. @entity1 were measured for height and weight and z-scores calculated for parental smoking categories. RESULTS: Of 689 (34.0%) mothers who smoked during pregnancy 50.5% smoked ten or more cigarettes daily (heavy smokers). @entity1 of maternal non-smokers had prevalence estimates for overweight, @entity28 and @entity851 of 25, 9.6 and 3.2%, respectively. Prevalence estimates were higher in @entity1 of mothers who were heavy smokers during pregnancy, 31.5% (P   =   0.001), 15.6% (P   <   0.001) and 5.5% (P   =   0.001), respectively. Mean height for age z-scores was lower among heavy maternal (P   <   0.001) and paternal smokers (P   <   0.01) compared to non-smokers. Childhood overweight, @entity28 or @entity851 were all associated with heavy maternal smoking during pregnancy (all P   <   0.001). Mean body mass index (BMI) z-scores were higher in @entity1 of mothers who smoked (P   =   0.043). The adjusted odds ratio for @entity851 in @entity1 of heavy maternal smokers was 2.76 (95% CI 1.21-6.33) and 4.28 (1.37-13.37) if both parents were heavy smokers. The adjusted OR for @entity28 in @entity1 of maternal smokers was 1.61(1.19-2.18). The population attributable risk for @entity851 was 8.8% (1.1-22.7) for heavy maternal smokers. CONCLUSION: A dose-response association was observed between pregnancy smoking exposure, @entity851 and @entity28 .

title: Dose response association of pregnancy cigarette smoke exposure, childhood stature, overweight and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity1735 differentiation antigens (CT antigens) which previously had been shown to be associated with cytotoxic T cells were found at high levels on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) and on the intestinal epithelium. Histological examination of intestinal sections demonstrated that the @entity7708 MAb defined epitopes on IEL and on epithelial cells located in the base of the villi crypts. The @entity7709 MAb reacted with IEL but also bound to the majority of cells in the intestinal epithelium. When isolated intestinal cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry, two major size classes of cells were evident. The smaller cells, corresponding to lymphocytes, were primarily @entity3414 +, with a high proportion expressing CT antigens. Another differentiation antigen defined by the MAb J11d was absent from IEL, indicating that those IEL of T cell origin are likely to be mature because thymocytes, but not peripheral T cells, express the J11d antigen. Two-color fluorescence analysis indicated that the CT determinants were present on the @entity3512 +, @entity3414 +, and the @entity3512 -, @entity3414 + subsets of IEL. However, the small percentage of L3T4+ IEL were CT-, further supporting our previous demonstration of a correlation between CT expression and @entity3414 expression. Interesting phenotypic characteristics of IEL other than CT antigen expression were also detected. IEL did not express the MEL-14 lymphocyte homing receptor, and the cell surface level of @entity4459 was significantly lower than that of other peripheral lymphocytes. It was also shown that a small percentage of IEL express a T cell receptor allotypic marker, indicating that at least some of the cells are mature in terms of T cell receptor gene rearrangements. The large intestinal cells, although CT+, were not hematopoietic in origin because they were T200- and were shown by using chimeric @entity19 not to be bone marrow-derived. In contrast to previously reported results, the cytotoxic activity of IEL was negligible with detectable lysis against NK-sensitive cells and other @entity5 cells, being observed in only one of seven experiments. Thus, the expression of the CT determinants was not indicative of cytotoxic ability, as previously suggested. The presence of specific @entity1735 residues on the cell surface of a subset of lymphocytes in an anatomically distinct immune compartment suggests that a unique differentiation pathway is followed by these cells.

title: @entity1735 differentiation antigens of XXXX T cells: expression on intestinal lymphocytes and intestinal epithelium.

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate', 'Carbohydrate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study attempted to determine whether early subaortic resection at lower levels of obstruction reduces the rate of recurrence of @entity475 or reduces secondary damage to the aortic valve, or both. BACKGROUND: Fibromuscular @entity475 is a progressive condition, and at present it is unclear whether early operation reduces the recurrence rate along with decreasing the incidence of @entity337 . METHODS: Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity475 and no other significant @entity299 who underwent open subaortic resection were evaluated. The preoperative, early and late postoperative catheterization or echocardiographic findings as well as the operative reports were reviewed. The median age at operation was 6.4 years (range 1.1 to 17.3). The entire group has been followed up postoperatively for a median of 5.2 years (range 1.1 to 11). Mean systolic gradients across the left ventricular outflow tract were used for the purpose of this study. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between the preoperative mean systolic gradient and the incidence of preoperative @entity337 and late postoperative @entity886 as well as the incidence and degree of late postoperative @entity337 . Late postoperative gradient and degree of @entity337 correlated significantly with the follow-up interval. @entity337 was progressive in some @entity1 despite subaortic resection. A preoperative mean gradient > 30 mm Hg provided a reasonable cutoff for the likelihood postoperatively of needing a reoperation, having a postoperative shelf, a thickened aortic valve, moderate @entity337 or a gradient of > 10 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that although early subaortic resection may not reduce the rate of recurrence of fixed @entity475 , it is likely to reduce acquired damage to the aortic valve.

title: Postoperative follow-up of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve thickening']

entities_list: @entity475 :: ('MESH:C564793', 'Disease') :: ['subaortic stenosis', 'fibromuscular subaortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'aortic regurgitation', 'aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormality']

answer: @entity475 :: (MESH:C564793,Disease) :: ['fibromuscular subaortic stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Lipoprotein(a) - @entity3452 is an independent risk factor of @entity731 and its complications. In spite of the long period of @entity3452 research there is no complete understanding of its physiological role and atherogenic action. The goal of this study was to investigate the presence in @entity1 plasma of circulating autoantibodies to @entity3452 belonging to different classes of immunoglobulins, and to elucidate their relationship to the presence and severity of @entity453 in middle aged @entity1 with @entity301 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Autoantibodies to @entity3452 and LDL level were measured in 97 @entity1 with quantitative angiography data. Among these @entity1 17 had intact vessels and 80 had stenoses >50% in 1 or more large coronary arteries. RESULTS: @entity3452 level in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) was significantly higher (median 19.0 [95%CI 12.9-27.3] mg/dl) than in @entity1 without @entity453 (median 10.2 [95%CI 4.5-18.3] mg/dl, p=0.05). Level of IgG autoantibodies to @entity3452 was also elevated in @entity1 with verified @entity453 (264    188 and 187    59 RLU, respectively, p=0,003). Correlation analysis showed significant association between @entity3452 concentration and presence of @entity453 (r=0.20, p=0.05). Level of antibodies against @entity3452 correlated with the quantity of affected coronary arteries (r=0.27, p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Plasma concentration of @entity3452 ) as well as elevated level of autoantibodies to @entity3452 were associated with the presence and severity of @entity453 in examined @entity1 .

title: [Autoantibodies against lipoprotein(a) in @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: AIMS: To document the morphology, immunohistochemical staining properties, and ultrastructural features of hyaline material in Sertoli cell nodules of undescended @entity1062 and contrast them with those of @entity5 with @entity9538 (SCTAT), which is histologically similar. To highlight the need to distinguish these nodules from other Sertoli cell @entity1373 , such as intratubular Sertoli cell proliferations, which occur in specific clinical contexts. MATERIALS/METHODS: A retrospective study of 46 orchidectomy specimens from cryptorchid testes, 27 of which contained Sertoli cell nodules. Special histochemical stains, immunohistochemical stains for type IV collagen and fibronectin, and ultrastructural examination of the hyaline material were performed using tissue from paraffin wax embedded tissue blocks. RESULTS: The hyaline deposits in SCTAT and Sertoli cell nodules had similar staining patterns-periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and PAS-diastase positivity with variable staining of Martius scarlet blue and Masson trichrome. Type IV collagen immunoreactivity was seen in hyaline areas, although fibronectin was negative. Electron microscopy of hyaline areas confirmed a compact matrix identical to components of the basement membrane in the adjacent seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSION: This study describes an unusual form of Sertoli cell proliferation in undescended testes, which must be distinguished from Sertoli cell @entity5 and other forms of proliferation. In addition, the hyaline material within Sertoli cell nodules in the cryptorchid @entity1062 is histochemically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally consistent with both matrix and fibrous components of seminiferous tubule basement membranes. Increased production of basement membrane material, with subsequent invagination into tubules, is the most likely origin of this material.

title: Sertoli cell nodules in the undescended XXXX : a histochemical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of hyaline deposits.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'sex cord tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity9538 :: ('MESH:D007673', 'Disease') :: ['annular tubules']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['testis']


abstract: Poly(L-lactic acid), PLLA, a synthetic biodegradable polyester, is widely accepted in tissue engineering. @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ), a natural polymer, exhibits an excellent biocompatibility, influences cell signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, @entity7245 crosslinking was performed by immersion of the polysaccharide in water-acetone mixtures containing glutaraldehyde (GA). The objective of this work is to produce PLLA scaffolds with the pores coated with @entity7245 , that could be beneficial for bone tissue engineering applications. PLLA tridimensional scaffolds were prepared by compression molding followed by salt leaching. After the scaffolds impregnation with soluble @entity7245 solutions of distinct concentration, a GA-crosslinking reaction followed by inactivation of the unreacted GA with glycine was carried out. An increase on surface roughness is shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the addition of @entity7245 . Toluidine blue staining indicates the present of stable crosslinked @entity7245 . An estimation of the @entity7245 original weight in the hybrid scaffolds was performed using thermal gravimetric analyses. @entity2154 and XPS confirmed the crosslinking reaction. Preliminary in vitro cell culture studies were carried out using a @entity19 lung fibroblast cell line (L929). SEM micrographs of L929 showed that cells adhered well, spread actively throughout all scaffolds, and grew favorably. A MTS test indicated that cells were viable when cultured onto the surface of all scaffolds, suggesting that the introduction of crosslinked @entity7245 did not increase the @entity137 of the hybrid scaffolds.

title: Novel poly(L-lactic acid)/hyaluronic acid macroporous hybrid scaffolds: characterization and assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['Hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence, mortality, and disease burden of @entity5 in China to provide a reference for @entity5 prevention and control. METHODS: @entity5 registry data (2006-2010) were collected from the Chinese @entity5 Registry Annual Report by the National Center for @entity5 Registries. @entity5 incidence and mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated. RESULTS: The @entity5 incidence rate was 267.13/100,000 overall, 299.13/100,000 in @entity1 , and 234.06/100,000 in @entity1 (1.2 times higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 ). The @entity5 mortality rate was 176.32/100,000 overall, 220.54/100,000 in @entity1 , and 130.60/100,000 in @entity1 (1.6 times higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 ). The incidence rate was higher in urban areas (285.97/100,000) than in rural areas (250.91/100,000), whereas the mortality rate was higher in rural areas (179.25/100,000) than in urban areas (172.91/100,000). The rural: urban incidence ratio decreased from 0.89 in 2006 to 0.69 in 2010, and the rural: urban mortality ratio decreased from 1.10 to 0.91 in the same years. PYLL rates and DALY rates were higher in @entity1 (16.45 and 22.19, respectively) than in @entity1 (11.22 and 13.87, respectively) and in rural areas (17.6 and 22.17, respectively) than in urban areas (12.6 and 17.09, respectively). The male: female ratios for PYLL and DALY rates were 1.46 and 1.6, respectively. The rural: urban ratios for PYLL and DALY rates decreased from 1.63 in 2006 to 1.22 in 2010 and from 1.51 in 2006 to 1.08 in 2010, respectively. CONCLUSION: The disease burden of @entity5 in China in 2006-2010 was substantial, particularly for @entity1 and residents of rural districts.

title: XXXX burden in China from 2006 to 2010.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that the clinically detectable changes of the blue-on-yellow (B/Y) visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) may precede standard white-on-white (W/W) @entity227 in the progression of @entity726 . The aim of this study was to test the relationship between the results of B/Y visual fields and semiquantitative RNFL evaluation in corresponding areas and to determine how the B/Y visual fields and RNFL scores label the normal W/W perimetry hemifields in @entity1 with @entity726 and @entity2790 . DESIGN: A cohort study. @entity1 AND METHODS: Monochromatic RNFL photographs of 32 normal subjects and 29 @entity1 with @entity2790 and different stages of @entity726 were assessed in a masked fashion. The B/Y and W/W visual fields (program 30-2) were examined with a Humphrey perimeter. The results of both visual fields were adjusted for the @entity1 ' age and lens transmission index measured with a lens fluorometer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) of visual field and semiquantitative score of RNFL loss were measured. RESULTS: The total and hemifield @entity5494 values of B/Y and W/W visual field showed a statistically significant correlation with diffuse and overall score of RNFL loss in corresponding areas. The hemifield @entity5494 values of B/Y perimetry obtained from "normal" W/W hemifields of @entity1 with @entity726 were well correlated (r = -0.56) with respective RNFL loss scores found to be abnormal in 84% of hemispheres. The difference between the hemifield @entity5494 values of B/Y perimetry obtained from normal W/WAN hemifields of @entity1 with @entity2790 and @entity1 with @entity726 was not statistically significant (analysis of variance). The respective B/Y hemifield data of normal subjects were statistically significantly different from the data of @entity1 with @entity2790 and @entity726 . CONCLUSIONS: The hemifield @entity5494 values of B/Y perimetry correlate well with semiquantitative scores of RNFL loss obtained from the corresponding hemisphere. The B/Y perimetry as well as RNFL assessment may show @entity154 in a hemifield found to be normal on W/W perimetry. In subjects with @entity2790 , the functional damage detected by B/Y perimetry may, in some cases, precede @entity989 on conversion to @entity726 .

title: XXXX in @entity2790 and @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['Mean deviation', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['early glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['RNFL defects']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Blue-on-yellow visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 are a major public health problem in Africa and prompt treatment is one way of controlling the disease and saving lives. METHODS: This cluster-randomised controlled community intervention conducted in 2003-2005 aimed at improving early @entity311 case management in under five @entity1 . Health workers were trained to train community-based @entity1 groups in recognizing @entity311 symptoms, providing first-line treatment for uncomplicated @entity311 and referring severe cases. Evaluation was through a pre- (2004) and a post-intervention survey (2005). @entity417 prevalence was the primary outcome. RESULTS: 1715 @entity1 aged 6-59 months were included in the pre-intervention survey and 2169 in the post-intervention survey. The prevalence of @entity417 decreased significantly from 37% [95% CI 34.7-39.3] to 0.5% [95% CI 0.2-0.7] after the intervention (p<0.001); slightly more in the intervention (from 43.9% to 0.8%) than in the control (30.8% to 0.17%) group (p=0.038). @entity221 and reported fever decreased significantly and the mean body weight of the @entity1 increased significantly over the study period in both control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION: The decrease in @entity417 was significantly associated with the intervention, whereas the fever and body weight trends might be explained by other @entity311 control activities or seasonal/climate effects in the area. The community intervention was shown to be feasible in the study context.

title: Effectiveness of a community intervention on XXXX in rural Tanzania - a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria infections']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The outcome of @entity778 ( @entity778 ) @entity198 is improved with prompt initiation of @entity1033 treatment. Delays are common, but there is little understanding of why they occur. The case notes of 21 adults admitted with suspected @entity10926 over one year were reviewed. The median (range) duration of illness was 2.5 (1-99) days. Seventeen (81%) @entity1 had a @entity9737 ( @entity9737 ) performed, at a median (range) time of 24 (2-114) hours after @entity198 was suspected. Lumbar puncture was delayed for a computed tomography (CT) scan in 15 @entity1 , but only one of these had contraindications to an immediate @entity9737 . The median (range) time from presentation to starting @entity1033 was 48 (2-432) hours. @entity778 -PCR (polymerase chain reaction) was requested on cerebrospinal fluid from 12 @entity1 , one of whom was positive. Five (24%) @entity1 were given the wrong dose of @entity1033 . Overall the management of suspected @entity10926 was often sub-optimal, with delays in @entity9737 occurring due to unnecessary CT scans, and the wrong @entity1033 dose administered. Guidelines for the management of suspected @entity198 are needed.

title: Management of suspected XXXX @entity198 in adults in a U.K. teaching hospital.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['aciclovir']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['HSV', 'herpes simplex virus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['HSV encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity9737 :: ('MESH:D051299', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar puncture', 'LP']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex virus']


abstract: @entity1498 represents 5-7% of @entity4297 . Symptoms and prognosis depend on the degree of @entity850 , age at surgery, surgical method and the presence of other @entity299 . @entity260 are @entity101 , @entity256 and an abnormal blood pressure response during exercise. This study includes 41 @entity1 , 15-40 years old, operated in the period 1975-1996. All were exercised on a treadmill until maximal @entity26 consumption was achieved. Blood pressure was measured in the right arm and leg before and immediately after exercise, and in the right arm during exercise. @entity26 consumption was monitored and we defined an aerobic phase, an isocapnic buffering phase and a hypocapnic hyperventilation phase. The resting systolic blood pressure correlates with the resting systolic blood pressure difference between right arm and leg. A resting systolic blood pressure difference between the right arm and leg of 0.13 kPa (1 mmHg) to 2.67 kPa (20 mmHg) corresponds with a slight increase in resting systolic blood pressure. This rise in blood pressure increases the aerobic phase of the exercise test, helping the @entity1 to achieve higher maximal @entity26 consumption. A resting systolic blood pressure difference of more than 2.67 kPa (20 mmHg) corresponds with severe @entity101 and causes reduction in the aerobic phase and maximal @entity26 consumption. Resting systolic blood pressure and resting systolic blood pressure difference between the right arm and leg are not indicators for blood pressure response during exercise. Exercise testing is important to reveal exercise-induced @entity101 and to monitor changes in transition from aerobic to anaerobic exercise and limitation to exercise capacity.

title: Exercise capacity in young adults with XXXX and systolic blood pressure difference between right arm and leg after repair of @entity1498 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['Coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A 76-year-old @entity1 visited our clinic with chest radiographic evidence of a coin lesion in the right middle lung. Chest CT demonstrated an infiltrative shadow mainly in the S4 segment. @entity1071 were suggested by transbronchial lung biopsy. Middle lobectomy was performed. Pathological study showed massive proliferation of mature lymphocytes. Immunoperoxidase studies could not demonstrate a neoplastic monoclonal process. @entity12293 was diagnosed. High molecular weight DNAs were extracted from frozen specimens. Whether genes of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors were rearranged was investigated using DNA probes against @entity12808 and TCR beta-1 receptor gene. One rearranged band was found in the @entity12808 chain. No rearranged band appeared in TCR beta-1 chain. @entity1892 was diagnosed instead of @entity12293 .

title: [A case of primary XXXX confirmed by gene analysis].

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity12293 :: ('MESH:D019310', 'Disease') :: ['pseudolymphoma', 'Pseudolymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['pulmonary B cell lymphoma']


abstract: The study subject was a 13 day-old @entity1 admitted to hospital, with @entity353 since birth. He presented with the @entity391 and @entity551 that are classical features of @entity774 ( @entity774 ). The most common type of @entity774 is an @entity74 caused by mutations in the 21-hydroxylase ( @entity4414 ) gene. To examine the @entity4414 gene, gene-specific PCR was carried out, followed by sequencing. The baby was shown to be a compound heterozygote @entity4415 / @entity4416 for two @entity4414 gene mutations each inherited from a different parent. One of the mutations has not previously been functionally characterised. The mutations were reconstructed in an expression plasmid and characterised in vitro after transient transfection into @entity1 @entity8 ( @entity4417 ) cell lines followed by measurement of enzyme activity. The @entity4414 @entity4415 mutant exhibited minimal 21-hydroxylase activity to convert @entity4418 to @entity4419 or @entity1420 to @entity4420 . Western immunoblotting indicated that the @entity4415 enzyme was produced in more variable amounts than wild type; in particular, the @entity4415 mutant protein may be unstable and/or subject to a more rapid degradation by the @entity1 proteosome as well as catalytically inefficient. The double mutant genotype with a severe mutation on each allele is compatible with the clinical presentation.

title: Functional characterisation of the @entity4415 mutation of the 21-hydroxylase gene in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic kidney (HEK293T) and hepatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity4419 :: ('MESH:D003350', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycortisol']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4420 :: ('CHEBI:16973', 'Chemical') :: ['11-deoxycorticosterone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: A functional index of neural adaptability is the capacity of motoneurons to extend and establish supernumerary connections with neighboring denervated muscle fibers. The purpose of this study was to guage this response in @entity35 plantaris muscles subjected to increased levels of activity resulting from the surgical removal of the synergistic gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Thirty-seven days of overload @entity101 (69%) and relative (82%) weight, whole muscle (35%) and individual fiber (37%) mean cross-sectional area, half-relaxation time (1/2RT; 25%), and maximum tetanic tension (P0; 21%). In a separate group of animals that had undergone 30 days of overload, three-quarters of the plantaris muscle fibers were denervated by sectioning radicular nerve L4. At 7 days postlesion, contractile responses were obtained from sprouting motor units remaining in radicular nerve L5, and the results compared to a nonoverloaded group that had undergone this same procedure. Twitch time to peak tension and 1/2RT were prolonged in normal @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) and overloaded @entity1625 (OPD) muscles, and this response was significantly greater in the overloaded muscles. Both @entity1625 and OPD muscles @entity116 (38%) and peak tension developed at 25 Hz (34%) to a similar extent, during recovery from partial denervation. These increases, attributable to sprouting of L5 motor axon collaterals, were matched in @entity1625 muscles with a corresponding increase in P0, a response which did not occur in OPD muscles. Additionally, a more extensive decrease in P0 occurred as a result of partial denervation in OPD muscles compared with whole muscle P0 of nondenervated muscle (L4 plus L5 stimulation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of overload on recovery of XXXX plantaris from partial denervation.

entities_list: @entity116 :: ('MESH:D013746', 'Disease') :: ['increased twitch tension']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['partially denervated', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased plantaris absolute']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chronic intermittent @entity519 during sleep ( @entity11126 ), as occurs in @entity387 , promotes systemic insulin resistance. @entity4025 (Resv) has been reported to ameliorate high-fat diet-induced @entity28 , @entity32 , and insulin resistance. To examine the effect of Resv on @entity11126 -induced @entity209 , male @entity19 were subjected to @entity11126 or room air conditions for 8 weeks and treated with either Resv or vehicle (Veh). Fasting plasma levels of @entity413 , insulin, and leptin were obtained, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index levels were calculated, and insulin sensitivity tests (phosphorylated AKT [also known as protein kinase B]/total AKT) were performed in 2 @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) depots (epididymal [Epi] and mesenteric [Mes]) along with flow cytometry assessments for @entity1386 macrophages and phenotypes (M1 and M2). @entity11126 -Veh and @entity11126 -Resv @entity19 showed @entity448 with later recovery, with resultant lower body weights after 8 weeks but with @entity11126 -Resv showing better increases in body weight vs @entity11126 -Veh. @entity11126 -Veh and @entity11126 -Resv @entity19 exhibited lower fasting @entity413 levels, but only @entity11126 -Veh had increased homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index vs all 3 other groups. Leptin levels were preserved in @entity11126 -Veh but were significantly lower in @entity11126 -Resv. Reduced @entity1386 phosphorylated-AKT/AKT responses to insulin emerged in both Mes and Epi in @entity11126 -Veh but normalized in @entity11126 -Resv. Increases total macrophage counts and in M1 to M2 ratios occurred in @entity11126 -Veh Mes and Epi compared all other 3 groups. Thus, Resv ameliorates food intake and @entity1017 during @entity11126 exposures and markedly @entity32 and insulin resistance, thereby providing a potentially useful adjunctive therapy for metabolic morbidity in the context of @entity387 .

title: XXXX Attenuates Intermittent @entity519 -Induced Macrophage Migration to Visceral White Adipose Tissue and Insulin Resistance in Male @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'attenuates VWAT inflammation']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['initial reductions in food intake']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['visceral white adipose tissue', 'VWAT']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4025 :: ('MESH:C059514', 'Chemical') :: ['Resveratrol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4025 :: (MESH:C059514,Chemical) :: ['Resveratrol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinicopathological outcomes of @entity1 with T4 lower @entity5 treated using preoperative chemoradiotherapy with S-1 plus @entity2600 . METHODS: Between 2005 and 2011, 35 @entity1 with T4M0 lower @entity5 , diagnosed initially as T4a in 12 and as T4b in 23, were treated with 45  Gy of radiotherapy concomitantly with S-1 plus @entity2600 . The median follow-up period was 50.6  months (range 2-123  months). RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity1 (91.4  %) completed the radiotherapy and 26 (74.3  %) completed the full chemotherapy regimen. Radical surgery was then performed in 33 (94.3  %) of the 35 @entity1 after the exclusion of two @entity1 , who had macroscopic @entity66 . The pathological diagnosis was downstaged from T4a to ypT0-3 in all 12 of those @entity1 (100  %) and from T4b to ypT0-4a in 20 of those 23 @entity1 (87.0  %). The @entity5 regression grade of 1a/1b/2/3 (complete response) was 10/8/15/2, respectively. In terms of long-term survival, the 5-year local relapse-free survival rate was 74.8  % and the recurrence-free survival rate was 52.0  %. CONCLUSIONS: This regimen may result in favorable downstaging. Moreover, in this series, pathological evidence of involvement of adjacent organs was rare following preoperative chemoradiotherapy, in the @entity1 with disease diagnosed as T4b at the initial staging.

title: Clinicopathological outcomes of preoperative chemoradiotherapy using S-1 plus @entity2600 for T4 lower XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Digital mental health tools have tended to use psychoeducational strategies based on treatment orientations developed and validated outside of digital health. These features do not map well to the brief but frequent ways that @entity1 use mobile phones and mobile phone apps today. To address these challenges, we developed a suite of apps for @entity308 and @entity148 called IntelliCare, each developed with a focused goal and interactional style. IntelliCare apps prioritize interactive skills training over education and are designed for frequent but short interactions. OBJECTIVE: The overall objective of this study was to pilot a coach-assisted version of IntelliCare and evaluate its use and efficacy at reducing symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 . METHODS: @entity1 , recruited through a health care system, Web-based and community advertising, and clinical research registries, were included in this single-arm trial if they had elevated symptoms of @entity308 or @entity148 . @entity1 had access to the 14 IntelliCare apps from Google Play and received 8 weeks of @entity15285 on the use of IntelliCare. Coaching included an initial phone call plus 2 or more texts per week over the 8 weeks, with some @entity1 receiving an additional brief phone call. Primary outcomes included the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for @entity308 and the Generalized @entity148 @entity74 (GAD-7) for @entity148 . @entity1 were compensated up to US  90 for completing all assessments; compensation was not for app use or treatment engagement. RESULTS: Of the 99 @entity1 who initiated treatment, 90.1% (90/99) completed 8 weeks. @entity1 showed substantial reductions in the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 (P<.001). @entity1 used the apps an average of 195.4 (SD 141) times over the 8 weeks. The average length of use was 1.1 (SD 2.1) minutes, and 95% of @entity1 downloaded 5 or more of the IntelliCare apps. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the IntelliCare framework of providing a suite of skills-focused apps that can be used frequently and briefly to reduce symptoms of @entity308 and @entity148 . The IntelliCare system is elemental, allowing individual apps to be used or not used based on their effectiveness and utility, and it is eclectic, viewing treatment strategies as elements that can be applied as needed rather than adhering to a singular, overarching, theoretical model. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02176226; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02176226 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation/6mQZuBGk1).

title: IntelliCare: An Eclectic, Skills-Based App Suite for the Treatment of @entity308 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of T1 mapping at rest and during @entity859 stress as a novel method for @entity63 detection without the use of @entity2287 contrast. BACKGROUND: In chronic @entity453 ( @entity453 ), accurate detection of @entity63 is important because targeted revascularization improves clinical outcomes. Myocardial blood volume ( @entity5685 ) may be a more comprehensive marker of  @entity63 than myocardial blood flow. T1 mapping using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is highly sensitive to changes in myocardial water content, including @entity5685 . We propose that T1 mapping at rest and during @entity859 vasodilatory stress can detect @entity5685 changes in normal and diseased @entity1562 in @entity453 . METHODS: Twenty normal controls (10 at 1.5-T; 10 at 3.0-T) and 10 @entity453 @entity1 (1.5-T) underwent conventional CMR to assess for left ventricular function (cine), @entity1188 (late @entity2287 enhancement [LGE]) and @entity63 (myocardial perfusion reserve index [MPRI] on first-pass perfusion imaging during @entity859 stress). These were compared to novel pre-contrast stress/rest T1 mapping using the Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery technique, which is heart rate independent. T1 values were derived for normal @entity1562 in controls and for @entity1188 , @entity63 , and remote @entity1562 in @entity453 @entity1 . RESULTS: Normal @entity1562 in controls (normal wall motion, MPRI, no LGE) showed normal resting T1 (954    19 ms at 1.5-T; 1,189    34 ms at 3.0-T) and significant positive T1 reactivity during @entity859 stress compared to baseline (6.2    0.5% at 1.5-T; 6.3    1.1% at 3.0-T; all p  < 0.0001). Infarcted @entity1562 showed the highest resting T1 of all tissue classes (1442     84 ms), without significant T1 reactivity (0.2    1.5%). Ischemic @entity1562 showed elevated resting T1 compared to normal (987    17 ms; p < 0.001) without significant T1 reactivity (0.2    0.8%). Remote @entity1562 , although having comparable resting T1 to normal (955    17 ms; p  = 0.92), showed blunted T1 reactivity (3.9    0.6%; p  < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: T1 mapping at rest and during @entity859 stress can differentiate between normal, @entity1188 , @entity63 , and remote @entity1562 with distinctive T1 profiles. Stress/rest T1 mapping holds promise for @entity63 detection without the need for @entity2287 contrast.

title: XXXX Stress and Rest T1 Mapping Can Differentiate Between Ischemic, Infarcted, Remote, and Normal Myocardium Without the Need for @entity2287 Contrast Agents.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcted', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['Adenosine']


abstract: @entity1374 and surgery for @entity259 are both very common. Several complications of thyroidectomy are well known. Some of these are quite disturbing, such as recurrent @entity13587 and permanent @entity261 . However, @entity86 often in the recovery room may be fatal. Close observation and early intervention are of utmost necessity in the post-thyroidectomy period. In a series of 600 thyroidectomies performed over a period of 11 years, eight @entity1 developed @entity86 . Seven of them underwent re-exploration, while one @entity1 was treated conservatively. Two @entity1 had second re-exploration for @entity1410 reaccumulation. All @entity1 recovered very well after re-exploration except one elderly @entity1 who required ventilatory support due to poor pulmonary reserve; after a week of ventilatory support and a tracheostomy, she too recovered well. One @entity1 had the @entity1410 re-explored as late as 24 hours after the operation, while the remainder were re-explored within 4-6 hours after the initial procedure. Because of the extent of @entity4 of the larynx and pharyngeal wall, it is very important that a senior, experienced @entity1 perform intubation in these @entity1 . It is also very important to recognize that when the @entity1 lie down flat, they may develop acute airway distress; hence, one must be prepared to intubate them emergently. We recommend close recovery room observation after thyroidectomy and early exploration and evacuation of @entity1410 in all @entity1 who develop @entity86 . A conservative approach may be considered in selected @entity1 with minimal @entity1410 and no progression. However, it generally takes a long time for the @entity1410 to resorb. A better understanding of the complications of thyroidectomy will minimize morbidity and make thyroidectomy a safer procedure and a surgical triumph.

title: Practical management of post-thyroidectomy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity13587 :: ('MESH:D061224', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hematoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: In a total appraisal, the advantages and drawbacks of operative decompression and stabilisation of the injured thoracolumbar spine should be evaluated in the treatment of a paraplegic @entity1 and of a @entity1 without @entity16 . Operative treatment may be advantageous independent of its effect on the @entity16 . Only a few studies allow direct comparison between operative and conservative treatment. Some studies are only of historical value. Today, a general operative policy is to use Harrington rods in the thoracic spine. For @entity130 caudal to the 9th thoracic vertebra and for those with @entity130 in the lumbar spine, internal fixators with transpedicular screws are used. Anterior decompression and stabilisation are also warranted in some cases. New implants are continuously being developed, e.g. implants which combine the advantages of hooks and pedicular screws. No study shows conclusively that operative treatment improves the neurological status compared with conservative care. Conservative and operative treatment may both have particular complications. It appears that @entity16 is more likely to occur after conservative treatment, while complications related to wound healing and from the implants burden the operative alternative. Mobilisation is quicker and easier after operative treatment, improving psychological and social rehabilitation. Also, these @entity1 experience less in the way of @entity615 . A high level of expertise is required for operative treatment and this illustrates the general need for the centralisation of the treatment of these relatively rare and severe @entity130 .

title: Operative treatment as a part of the comprehensive care for XXXX with @entity130 of the thoracolumbar spine. A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neural damage']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liquid collections around the renal graft that are displayed in 51% of cases implicate a diagnostic challenge and a risk for graft function. We undertook this study to determine the usefulness of @entity1011 concentration measurement in drainage in @entity1 with renal transplantation. METHODS: We selected @entity1 with surgically corrected urinary leak and @entity1 with lymphocele from November 1, 1999, to November 30, 2008, in whom we determined the @entity1011 concentration in liquid drainage, plasma and urine. RESULTS: We included five @entity1 with urinary leak and six @entity1 with lymphocele. Two @entity1 had urinary leak before the lymphocele. The t value of the plasma @entity1011 (Pcreat), drainage (Dcreat) and urine (Ucreat) was 0.89, 0.045 and 0.63, respectively. The diagnostic criteria of urinary leak represented a value between the @entity1011 of the drainage and plasma (D/Pcreat) >6, between urine and drainage (U/Dcreat) <3 and between urine and plasma (U/ Pcreat) <7. When we compared both groups the   (2) values were 0.018, 0.007 and 0.094, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a statistically significant difference among the @entity1011 drainage liquid values. Our study shows that D/Pcreat ratio >6 after the first week or U/Dcreat ratio <3 at any time during the postoperative period represents a six-times higher possibility of urinary leak.

title: [Determination of XXXX in drained liquid. Urinary leak or lymphocele?].

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alfa in @entity1 , @entity1 and adults with @entity13785 . Recent studies have shown that high antibody titers can occur in @entity1 receiving ERT and counteract the effect of treatment. This particularly occurs in those @entity1 with @entity13785 that do not produce any endogenous acid a-glucosidase (CRIM-negative). It is still unclear to what extent antibody formation affects the outcome of ERT in adults with residual enzyme activity. We present the case of a @entity1 with adult-onset @entity13785 . He was diagnosed at the age of 39years by enzymatic testing (10.7% residual activity in fibroblasts) and DNA analysis (genotype: @entity20985 ). Infusion-associated reactions occurred during ERT and the @entity1 's disease progressed. Concurrently, the antibody titer rose to a similarly high level as reported for some CRIM-negative @entity1 with @entity13785 . Using newly developed immunologic-assays we could calculate that approximately 40% of the administered alglucosidase alfa was captured by circulating antibodies. Further, we could demonstrate that uptake of alglucosidase alfa by cultured fibroblasts was inhibited by admixture of the patient's serum. This case demonstrates that also @entity1 with an appreciable amount of properly folded and catalytically active endogenous acid a-glucosidase can develop antibodies against alglucosidase alfa that affect the response to ERT.

title: High antibody titer in an adult with XXXX affects treatment with alglucosidase alfa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['classic-infantile Pompe disease', 'Pompe disease']

answer: @entity13785 :: (MESH:D006009,Disease) :: ['Pompe disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) is a severe and rare inflammatory condition, where relapses are predictive of disability. METHODS: We describe a national paediatric @entity1652 cohort's clinical, MRI, outcome, and prognostic features in relation to @entity3951 antibody ( @entity3951 -Ab) status, and compared to a non @entity1652 control cohort. OBSERVATIONS: Twenty @entity1652 cases (females=90%; @entity3951 -Ab positive=60%; median age=10.5yrs) with median follow-up=6.1yrs were compared to a national cohort sample of known sequential @entity3951 -Ab negative first episode CNS acquired @entity17 cases (n=29; females=55%; all @entity3951 -Ab negative; median age=13.6yrs). At presentation, 40% @entity1652 cases had unilateral @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ); 20% bilateral @entity7995 ; 15% @entity5697 ( @entity5697 ); 15% simultaneous TM_ON; 10% Acute disseminated @entity1651 . At follow up, 55% had a clinical demyelinating episode involving the brain; 30% of cases had abnormal brain MRI at onset and 75% by follow up. @entity1652 brain scan lesions compared to controls were large (>2 cm), acute lesions largely resolved on repeat imaging, and often showed T1 hypointense lesions. Mean time to relapse=0.76yrs (95% CI 0.43-1.1yrs) for @entity3951 -Ab positive vs 2.4yrs in @entity3951 -Ab negative cases (95% CI 1.1-3.6yrs). In @entity3951 -Ab positive cases, 10/12 had visual acuity<6/60 Snellen in >= 1 eye (0/8 @entity3951 -Ab negative), and 3 @entity3951 -Ab negative cases were wheelchair-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 , @entity1652 is associated with early recurrence and @entity227 in @entity3951 -Ab positivity and @entity717 in @entity13803 -Ab negative relapsing cases. Distinct MRI changes appear more commonly and earlier compared to adult @entity1652 . Early @entity3951 -Ab testing may allow prompt immunomodulatory treatment to minimise disability.

title: XXXX : clinical, MRI of the brain and prognostic features.

entities_list: @entity5697 :: ('MESH:D009188', 'Disease') :: ['TM', 'transverse myelitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis Optica', 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['physical disability']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['Paediatric neuromyelitis optica']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the spontaneous variability of @entity943 ( @entity943 ) and evaluate anti-arrhythmic efficacy of @entity2683 , @entity2778 , and a @entity2683 - @entity2778 combination in German shepherd @entity235 (GSD) with inherited @entity943 . ANIMALS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: 12 affected GSD, median age 20 weeks, received @entity2683 (8 mg/kg PO q8 h), @entity2778 (2.5 mg/kg PO q12 h), and combination therapy for 6 days in random order. Pre- and post-treatment 24 h Holter recordings were acquired, allowing determination of @entity943 variability and reduction in 24 h @entity943 for each treatment. Drug concentrations during each arm were measured. RESULTS: An anti-arrhythmic effect could be inferred if @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ), ventricular couplets (V(cpl)), @entity1165 runs (VT(runs)) and total @entity1540 (VE(tot)) frequency were reduced by 61%, 97%, 98%, and 63% (1 control Holter model), by 53%, 94%, 95%, and 54% (4 control Holter model) and by 54%, 95%, 96% and 56% (3 control Holter model). Combination therapy reduced @entity1540 and VE(tot) in more @entity235 (5/12 and 6/12) than @entity2683 (1/11 and 2/11) or @entity2778 (2/9 and 1/9) (p < 0.05). The combination therapy reduced the mean number of @entity1540 , V(cpl), and VE(tot). @entity2778 monotherapy produced an increase in VT(runs). Plasma @entity2683 concentration was higher during combination therapy than with monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy reduced @entity1540 in affected GSD. @entity2778 monotherapy increased VT(runs). Combination therapy increased plasma @entity2683 concentrations.

title: Combination therapy with @entity2683 and @entity2778 suppresses inherited @entity943 in German shepherd @entity235 better than @entity2683 or XXXX monotherapy: a randomized cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2683 :: ('MESH:D008801', 'Chemical') :: ['mexiletine']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy', 'ventricular premature complexes', 'VPC']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'VA', 'arrhythmias']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is associated with the loss of overall functionality, which leads to substantial economic losses. Second line agents used in @entity309 treatment require careful monitorization in terms of efficiency and tolerability. OBJECTIVE: trends, predictive factors and characteristics of clinical, biological and radiological @entity309 monitorization in a cross sectional observational cohort study, conducted on over 206 @entity1 in Romania, with a 12 months follow up (December 2007 - December 2008). METHOD: Cases were recruited from the south-west region of the country, covering a geographical area of 23 counties. @entity1 were invited to complete three sets of interviews (collected by post) in a consent letter, containing self reported questionnaires, at 6 months intervals: an original questionnaire (which included quantitative self reported of @entity158 , disease activity and fatigue on visual analogue scale-VAS), Health Assessment Questionnaire-HAQ-Disability and Discomfort Scales and EUROQOL EQ-5D, validated in Romanian (obtaining a user agreement by authors of the original version). RESULTS: analysis was carried out in SPSS 10. The cohort enrolled 206 @entity1 , with the average age of 54.90 +/- 12.67 years, 66% urban, 86.4% @entity1 , 29.1% professionally active, 48.5% graduates of primary education. The average disease duration after diagnosis of @entity309 was of 9.40 +/- 8.87 years. The duration of the treatment reported at baseline was of 2.70 +/- 2.64 years. Most @entity1 followed a program of monthly monitoring at a general practitioner (GP) (41.7% at baseline and 37.1% to 12 months). Visits to the rheumatologist followed a monthly regimen (32.3% at baseline and 31.7% to 12 months) or a 2 months interval (19.4% at baseline and 29.6% to 12 months, p = 0.000). Biological monitoring was quarterly (39.6% and 53.2% at 12 months; p = 0.000) or at 2 months interval (26.2% at baseline and 16.7% to 12 months, p = 0.000). X-ray monitoring lacked in over half the cases in a year of disease progression (63.3% at 6 months and 62.2% at 12 months), although it sums between 1 and 3 radiographs to one third of the cases (36.8%), CONCLUSION: generally, in our country, there is a lack of aggregation in the dispensarization algorithm of @entity1 with @entity309 ; consequently, the decision is awarded to the @entity1 factor. Under these circumstances, some @entity1 are over evaluated. Promoting a dispensarization guide for @entity309 @entity1 could induce benefits both clinically and economically. Therefore, we submit a proposal of recommendations as a guideline for clinical, biological and radiological monitoring, according to the phase and stage of @entity309 .

title: Trends of XXXX monitorization in Romania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1118 often present with @entity1931 , possibly due to hyperexcitability of nociceptive pathways. The aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in flexor withdrawal reflex (FWR) excitability in individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and the potential effect of specific physical inputs or therapeutic interventions (ie, joint compression and mobilization) on these behaviors. Ten subjects with and 10 without knee @entity571 (age 45-75) were recruited. The FWR was examined utilizing suprathreshold, noxious electrocutaneous stimuli applied at the medial foot. Surface electromyographic (EMG) was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF), and peak joint torques recorded at the hip, knee, and ankle. FWR threshold was ascertained and responses at 2x threshold recorded after the following conditions: a maximal, volitional, joint-compression task, a sham hands-on intervention, and a @entity816 joint-mobilization intervention. A decreased threshold-to-flexor withdrawal response was found in the @entity571 vs control group (P < .01). EMG and joint-torque FWR responses were further augmented in the @entity571 group following the maximal joint-compression task (P < .05), yet remained unchanged or diminished in controls. Joint mobilization, but not sham intervention, reduced reflex responses significantly, although primarily by decreasing BF activity and knee torques (P < .05). PERSPECTIVE: Application of specific physical inputs to individuals with knee @entity571 similar to those encountered during activity of daily living or during therapeutic interventions appear to modulate involuntary, nociceptive reflex responses. Routine weight-bearing activities such as walking may potentially enhance heightened FWR responses, while joint mobilization, a commonly used clinical intervention, may diminish reflex excitability.

title: Heightened flexor withdrawal response in individuals with XXXX is modulated by joint compression and joint mobilization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Grade III oscillatory']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Randomized trial with concurrent observational cohort. A total of 1171 @entity1 were divided into subgroups by educational attainment: high school or less, some college, and college degree or above. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of education level on outcomes for treatment of @entity890 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Educational attainment has been demonstrated to have an inverse relationship with @entity158 perception, comorbidities, and mortality. METHODS: The Spine @entity1 Outcomes Research Trial enrolled surgical candidates (imaging-confirmed disc herniation with at least 6 weeks of persistent signs and symptoms of @entity614 ) from 13 multidisciplinary spine clinics in 11 US states. Treatments were standard open discectomy versus nonoperative treatment. Outcomes were changes from baseline for 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), @entity158 ( @entity158 ), and physical function (PF) scales and the modified @entity717 Index (ODI) at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and yearly through 4 years. RESULTS: Substantial improvement was seen in all @entity1 cohorts. Surgical outcomes did not differ by level of education. For nonoperative outcomes, however, higher levels of education were associated with significantly greater overall improvement over 4 years in @entity158 (P = 0.007), PF (P = 0.001), and ODI (P = 0.003). At 4 years a "dose-response" type relationship was shown for @entity158 (high school or less = 25.5, some college = 31, and college graduate or above = 36.3, P = 0.004) and results were similar for PF and ODI. The success of nonoperative treatment in the more educated cohort resulted in an attenuation of the relative benefit of surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with higher educational attainment demonstrated significantly greater improvement with nonoperative treatment while educational attainment was not associated with surgical outcomes.

title: @entity890 in the Spine XXXX Outcomes Research Trial: does educational attainment impact outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'bodily pain', 'BP']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc herniation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: SUMMARY: Twelve cases of @entity1756 were treated in acute stage with interlocking detachable coils (IDC, Target Therapeutics, Fremont, California) and the outcome was assessed. IDCs were placed intra- @entity439 for @entity432 , or intra-artery for proximal occlusion. CASES: age 36-84 (mean; 60) y.o., 11 females and 1 male; 1, 5, 4 and 2 @entity1 were categorised (Hunt and Hess) as grades 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. An @entity439 in ten cases and a proximal occlusion in two were performed on day 1-11 (mean 4). On angiograms and CT findings, the ruptured point seemed to have occluded in all cases. The occlusion rate was 100% in five cases, 95% in two, 90% in three, 80% in one, and less than 50% in one. There were two cases of technical complication, one a coil migration and the other an aneurysmal perforation with IDC. Their Glasgow Outcome Scale six months after embolisation was graded as good recovery in four cases, moderately disabled state in two, severely disabled state in one, and dead in five. Follow-up angiograms taken four to six months after embolisation showed an intra-aneurysmal coil compaction in five cases. Two of these were treated by a second embolisation or by neck clipping followed by aneurysmal resection, but another two were observed without any treatment and the last one died of rebleeding. Histological examination of the resected embolised @entity439 revealed slight organization around coils but no endothelialisation over the aneurysmal orifice. In our experience, coil embolisation with IDC for acute @entity1756 is a promising means of preventing rerupture during subacute stage.

title: Embolisation of Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysms with Interlocking Detachable Coils in Acute Stage. Acute IDC Embolisation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intraaneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm', 'intra-aneurysmal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured cerebral aneurysm', 'ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured Aneurysms']


abstract: With chronic opiate use, opioid receptor desensitization may be one of the important mechanisms underlying the development of opiate tolerance and addiction. Opioid receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In this study, the @entity19 delta-opioid receptor (delta OR) was used in a model system to investigate the role of opioid receptor phosphorylation in receptor desensitization. When expressed in 293 cells and exposed to agonist, the delta OR underwent receptor-specific desensitization within 10 min. This agonist-induced desensitization corresponded temporally to a 3-fold increase in receptor phosphorylation. @entity4621 , but not @entity1928 , also stimulated phosphorylation of the delta OR in 293 cells. Although down-regulation of protein kinase C failed to affect agonist-induced receptor phosphorylation, it abolished @entity4621 -induced receptor phosphorylation. Agonist-induced delta OR phosphorylation must therefore involve kinases other than protein kinase C. Whereas overexpression of a dominant negative mutant ( @entity20508 ) of @entity20509 ) in 293 cells significantly reduced agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the delta OR, overexpression of @entity20509 or @entity20510 significantly enhanced this phosphorylation. Concordantly, @entity20509 - @entity20508 overexpression reduced agonist-dependent delta OR desensitization, whereas @entity20509 overexpression enhanced this densensitization. We conclude that short term desensitization of the delta OR involves phosphorylation of the receptor by one or more G protein-coupled receptor kinases.

title: Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of the XXXX delta-opioid receptor: involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinases but not protein kinase C.

entities_list: @entity20509 :: ('110355(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['beta ARK1', 'beta-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 (beta ARK1']

entities_list: @entity20510 :: ('14773(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['G protein-coupled receptor kinase-5']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol ester', 'phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The management of @entity99 remains controversial. Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor treatments have been studied recently. We piloted the use of granulocytapheresis (GCAP) in the management of severe @entity99 . METHODS: GCAP was performed on six @entity1 with severe @entity99 . Their clinical and laboratory progress was reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Six of the @entity1 underwent at least one session of GCAP. Three of the @entity1 had @entity177 and five of the six @entity1 were corticosteroid nonresponders. All @entity1 tolerated the procedure. However, three of the @entity1 died during their hospital admission within 4 days of GCAP treatment. These three @entity1 suffered from torrential variceal @entity548 , @entity177 and @entity55 , respectively. Two @entity1 died 18 and 25 days after their GCAP treatment, both with @entity177 . The survivor was the sole corticosteroid responder of the group. There was a trend towards a fall in serum @entity648 level after GCAP, but this did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: GCAP is tolerated in severe @entity99 ; however, we have no evidence of survival advantage with this treatment.

title: Granulocytapheresis in the treatment of severe XXXX : a case series.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure', 'coexistent renal failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the use of a sustained-release formulation of @entity18245 , a long-acting analogue of @entity1943 , in the treatment of @entity2012 . Fifteen @entity1 with active @entity2012 , as defined by random @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) levels greater than 10 mU/l, which fail to be suppressed to less than 5 mU/l following an oral @entity413 load, were studied. @entity18245 was administered as an intramuscular injection in two regimens: eight @entity1 were given a single injection of the sustained-release formulation and blood samples taken over the next month for the measurement of both basal levels of @entity2124 and the @entity2124 response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone; and eight @entity1 were given injections of the sustained-release formulation at 2-week intervals over a 6-month period and basal plasma @entity2124 levels and the @entity2124 response to both an oral @entity413 load and to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was assessed. Following a single intramuscular dose of the sustained-release preparation, random @entity2124 levels were reduced to below 10 mU/l in five @entity1 and by greater than 50% of basal levels in the remainder. The @entity442 ( @entity442 ) levels fell to within the normal range in three @entity1 . In the long-term efficacy study. @entity2124 levels were reduced to < 10 mU/l in 7/8 @entity1 . The @entity442 levels were normalized in four @entity1 . Five of the eight @entity1 experienced @entity294 , two of mild and three of moderate severity; none of the @entity1 withdrew from the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the long-acting XXXX analogue @entity18245 in @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity18245 :: ('MESH:C060347', 'Chemical') :: ['somatuline', 'Somatuline']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: Xenograft rejection in the discordant @entity1707 -to-primate model is dependent on binding of natural antibodies to gal-alpha [1-3]-gal epitopes on the porcine endothelial cell (EC). This leads to complement activation and deposition of activation products onto the membrane and results in perturbation of EC function and @entity715 formation. Here we investigated the ability of @entity1 complement activation products to directly induce activation of porcine EC, with subsequent upregulation of adhesion and pro-coagulant molecules. Porcine aortic EC were isolated from wild-type and hDAF-transgenic @entity1707 and incubated with human serum, either in the presence or absence of the soluble complement inhibitor TP10 (sCR1). Recombinant @entity2242 , C1q-IgG immune complexes, @entity36 human serum and serum containing anti-C9 Ab were used to identify EC activating complement products. Heat-inactivated human serum was used as a negative control. Cells were stained with antibodies against @entity1 C3, the MAC or with antibodies cross-reactive for porcine @entity4105 , @entity4725 or Tissue Factor, and analyzed by flow cytometry. We found upregulation of @entity4105 and Tissue Factor on wild-type EC after incubation with human serum. This effect coincided with the deposition of C3 and MAC on the membrane of these cells. The addition of TP10 inhibited EC activation by up to 95%. In contrast, greatly reduced C3 and MAC deposition was detected on hDAF transgenic cells, and no complement-mediated EC activation was seen. Experiments with @entity36 serum and incubation with anti-C9 Ab indicate a major role of the MAC in serum-mediated EC activation, whereas neither @entity2242 nor C1q-IgG caused activation of EC. These data provide further explanation of the protective role of @entity1 DAF in the @entity1707 -to-primate xenotransplantation model.

title: Protection of hDAF-transgenic porcine endothelial cells against activation by XXXX complement: role of the membrane attack complex.

entities_list: @entity36 :: ('MESH:C567307', 'Disease') :: ['C6-deficient']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The mouse monoclonal antibody, m30.6 (IgG2b), detects an antigenic determinant expressed predominantly on the surface of @entity14 cells and has been shown previously to be a potentially useful therapeutic and diagnostic reagent for @entity1 @entity694 . We report the production and characterization of a @entity19 /human chimeric antibody, c30.6, with potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. The genes encoding the variable domains for heavy and light chains were amplified by thermal cycling using degenerate oligonucleotide primers complementary to conserved immunoglobulin framework sequences. The gene segments were sequenced, subcloned into eukaryotic expression vectors containing @entity1 constant region genes (IgG1 and kappa), and cotransfected into nonsecreting @entity11548 /0 @entity19 @entity1582 cells. There were significant differences in the biological activities of the @entity19 and chimeric antibodies. The i.p. administration of c30.6 but not of m30.6 produced a marked growth inhibition of s.c. 30.6+ COLO 205 @entity5 in scid/scid @entity19 (approximately 40% reduction in @entity5 size, measured 21 days after @entity5 inoculation). Reduced @entity5 growth was not due to altered binding characteristics of c30.6 because: (a) the chimeric antibody was shown by flow cytometry to bind exclusively to cell lines that expressed the 30.6 determinant; (b) c30.6 was able to completely inhibit the binding of m30.6 on 30.6+ cells; and (c) the affinity of binding of the two antibodies was the same (Ka, approximately 1.50 x 10(8)). Up to 15% of the total injected antibody dose/g tissue was localized in 30.6+ @entity5 at 24 h, approximately 13% was present in the @entity5 at 48 h, and approximately 10% was present at 72 h. Furthermore, c30.6 demonstrated a shorter circulating half-life (53 h; m30.6, 72 h) when given i.p. to C57BL6 x BALB/cF1 @entity19 . Unlike m30.6, c30.6 was also strongly active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity137 against a range of 30.6+ @entity5 target cells in vitro. Up to 80% specific 51Cr release was achieved using either freshly isolated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells or 2-day-old @entity1199 -stimulated @entity1 peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effectors. The enhanced antitumor activity of c30.6 suggests that it might be a useful immunotherapeutic reagent for @entity14 .

title: Chimeric (mouse/human) anti- @entity694 antibody c30.6 inhibits the growth of XXXX @entity14 xenografts in scid/scid @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: There has been a number of conflicting reports regarding the T lymphocyte chemotactic activities of several cytokines. @entity1199 and @entity379 are known to promote augmentation of @entity32 , whereas @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity4047 display immunomodulatory effects on inflammatory cells including inhibition of cytokine production. Their effects on chemotaxis of inflammatory cells are unknown. We observed that @entity1192 could induce chemotaxis both in overnight cultured and anti-CD3 mAb-activated T lymphocytes and that overnight culture and anti-CD3 activation increase the number of @entity10496 on T lymphocytes. In contrast, @entity687 selectively attracts freshly isolated T lymphocytes. @entity866 inhibits freshly isolated T lymphocyte chemotaxis toward @entity687 , whereas @entity10962 inhibits chemotaxis of overnight cultured and anti-CD3-activated T lymphocytes toward @entity1192 . We have found that @entity1199 and @entity4047 inhibit the chemotactic migration of both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes toward @entity687 , and @entity5737 . @entity3646 inhibits only CD8+ T lymphocyte chemotaxis toward @entity5737 , @entity687 and @entity688 . @entity688 inhibits only CD4+ T lymphocytes in their chemotactic response toward @entity5737 and @entity687 . @entity379 does on the other hand augment the sensitivity of @entity1 T lymphocytes to chemotactic stimuli. Thus, our results demonstrate that different proinflammatory cytokines will induce chemotactic migration of T lymphocytes under different circumstances acting through different signaling pathways. The T cell-derived cytokines @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity688 , and @entity4047 are able to block further T lymphocyte chemotaxis, thus leading to a focusing of T lymphocytes in an area of T lymphocyte activation. These mechanisms seem relevant in our understanding of the specific and continuous localization of T lymphocytes in allergic and @entity792 .

title: Regulation of @entity1 T lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro by T cell-derived cytokines @entity1199 , @entity379 , @entity3646 , XXXX , and @entity4047 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['immune inflammation']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['Staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Genetic effects contribute to individual differences in smoking behavior. Persistence to smoke despite known harmful health effects is mostly driven by @entity1239 addiction. As the physiological effects of @entity1239 are mediated by nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs), we aimed at examining whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) residing in @entity6786 subunit (CHRN) genes, other than @entity15555 / @entity15556 / @entity15557 gene cluster previously showing association in our sample, are associated with smoking quantity or serum @entity4874 levels. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 485 Finnish adult daily smokers (age 30-75 years, 59% @entity1 ) assessed for the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and serum @entity4874 level. We first studied SNPs residing on selected @entity6786 subunit genes ( @entity15558 , @entity6786 , @entity15559 / @entity15560 , @entity15561 , @entity15562 , @entity15563 , @entity15564 , @entity15565 / @entity15566 ) genotyped within a genome-wide association study for single SNP and multiple SNP associations by ordinal regression. Next, we explored individual haplotype associations using sliding window technique. RESULTS: At one of the 8 loci studied, @entity15565 / @entity15566 (chr2), single SNP ( @entity15567 ), multiple SNP, and 2-SNP haplotype analyses (SNPs @entity15568 - @entity15567 ) all showed statistically significant association with @entity4874 level. The median @entity4874 levels varied between the 2-SNP haplotypes from 220 ng/ml (AA haplotype) to 249 ng/ml (AG haplotype). We did not observe significant associations with CPD. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide further evidence that the y-   @entity6786 subunit gene region is associated with @entity4874 levels but not with the number of CPD, illustrating the usefulness of biomarkers in genetic analyses.

title: Associations of XXXX intake measures with CHRN genes in Finnish smokers.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: Cyclospora is a coccidian (previously referred to as cyanobacterium-like bodies) that has been implicated in cases of prolonged @entity294 . The average duration of symptoms is more than three weeks, and no specific treatment has been shown to shorten the illness. A case report suggested that @entity799 may be effective. Expatriate @entity1 with @entity344 and cyclospora detected on examination of faeces were recruited from two clinics in Kathmandu, Nepal, between May and August, 1994. @entity1 were assigned in a randomised, double-blinded manner to receive either @entity799 (160 mg @entity206 , 800 mg @entity207 ) or placebo tablets twice daily for 7 days. Of 40 @entity1 included in the study, 21 received @entity799 and 19 placebo. There were no significant differences between these two groups in age, sex, time in Nepal, duration or severity of illness, or presence of other enteric pathogens. After 3 days, 71% of @entity1 receiving @entity799 still had cyclospora detected, compared with 100% of @entity1 receiving placebo (p = 0.016). After 7 days, cyclospora was detected in 1 (6%) of 16 @entity1 treated with @entity799 who submitted stool specimens compared with 15 (88%) of 17 @entity1 receiving placebo (p < 0.0001). Eradication of the organism was correlated with clinical improvement. There was no evidence of relapse of @entity281 among treated @entity1 followed for an additional 7 days. Treatment with @entity799 for 7 days was effective in curing cyclospora @entity281 among an expatriate population in Nepal.

title: Placebo-controlled trial of @entity799 for XXXX among travellers and foreign residents in Nepal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['co-trimoxazole', 'cotrimoxazole']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Cyclospora infections']


abstract: The aim of this study was to find both predictors of axillary lymph node involvement and predictors of level II or III involvement. With these predictors @entity1 should be selected who can be spared axillary lymph node dissection or who qualify for removal of only first-level lymph nodes. 239 consecutive @entity1 with invasive @entity0 stage I-III treated with total axillary dissection were evaluated. In multiple logistic regression analysis 17 clinical and histopathological variables were included. We found 4 multivariate significant predictors for metastatic axillary involvement: Clinically positive axilla, peritumoural @entity7453 , @entity5 and a large number of past pregnancies. Multivariate significant predictors of involvement of level II or III were peritumoural @entity7453 , younger age, larger @entity5 size, @entity5 and postmenopausal @entity1 . The metastatic involvement of more than 3 nodes was associated with young age and clinically positive axilla. With these easily available predictors a reliable assessment of risk of metastatic involvement of the upper levels of the axillary nodes could be defined. The binary logistic regression model to axillary node involvement had a rather unsatisfactory predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: The risk calculation of level II or III involvement with these predictors may help the surgeon to find the adequate extent of axillary clearance needed in the individual @entity1 . Multiparity proved to be an independent predictor of metastatic axillary node involvement.

title: [Multivariate analysis of clinico-pathologic predictors of axillary lymph node metastasis in invasive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric or multifocal tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic vessel invasion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to know the markers and routine biochemical measures that are associated to the @entity2690 resistance (IR) and to develop an index of individual IR risk from them. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study made in Primary Health Care population of both genders between 40 and 74 years (n = 2,143). A representative sample was obtained by simple random sampling of 305 @entity1 after excluding the @entity6 subjects. Sociodemographic variables, background, examinations, routine analyses as well as fasting @entity2690 levels were obtained. IR was considered if HOMA was higher than 2.9. A step by step logistic regression was done to obtain the best variables to predict IR. A logistic equation, categorical scale and simple additive scale from the beta coefficients was then constructed and was compared with other instruments designed to predict IR. RESULTS: IR prevalence was 25.2%. There were no differences between genders or by age. The four variables that entered the model were fasting plasma @entity413 , BMI, HDL @entity165 and diastolic blood pressure. The logistic model had good adjustment. The logistic equation was: IR = 1/ 1 + exp (-[-21.011) - [0.119 * fasting plasma @entity413 ] - [0.231 * BMI] - [-0.046 * HDL @entity165 ] - [0.048 * diastolic blood pressure]). The scale constructed assesses each subject between -1 and 7 points; cutoff to predict IR was established at 3.5 points, obtaining a sensitivity and specificity similar to the McAuley index and better than the @entity1674 /HDL @entity165 ratio, the first model of Stern and the diagnosis of @entity209 according to @entity855 -III. DISCUSSION: A very easy-to-use instrument has been obtained to predict IR by means of exploratory measures and routine biochemical measures, which makes it possible to select the @entity1 at the greatest risk in order to intensify preventive actions in them.

title: [Identification of individuals with XXXX resistance by means of clinical measurements and routine biochemical markers. Construction of an individual risk index].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were prepared from MCF-7 @entity0 cells grown in the presence of @entity53 . Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were inserted into pBR322 plasmid and a library of 4400 recombinant bacterial clones was prepared. The clones were screened by in situ differential hybridization with cDNAs prepared from RNAs of MCF-7 cells grown either in the presence or absence of @entity53 . Several @entity172 -induced or @entity172 -repressed clones were identified. One of them corresponded to a relatively frequent mRNA (0.8% of recombinant plasmids) of 650 nucleotides. The concentration of this mRNA was increased by @entity53 (half maximal induction approximately 0.05 nM) but not by @entity1420 , @entity619 , or @entity586 . @entity440 inhibited the effect of @entity53 but was devoid of any agonistic activity when administered separately. This messenger was present in biopsies of @entity0 , but not in endometrium or liver. The cloned cDNA was sequenced. An open reading frame was found corresponding to a protein of less than 100 @entity1522 . A search of data banks showed no identity or marked similarity to previously published DNA or protein sequences, particularly to those of growth factors evoked by some characteristics of the coded polypeptide. The cloned cDNA probe was used to screen a library of Charon 4A phage containing @entity1 genomic fragments. Screening of 300,000 phages yielded two different recombinants hybridizing to the cDNA. Southern blot experiments using DNA from recombinant phage, MCF-7 cells, and placenta showed the presence of a unique gene exhibiting a similar restriction pattern in DNAs from malignant and nonmalignant tissues.

title: Cloning of a gene expressed in XXXX @entity0 and regulated by @entity172 in MCF-7 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether recovery of skeletal muscle function is impaired in @entity1 with @entity712 and whether impaired recovery is associated with abnormal submaximal systemic exercise tolerance during repeated testing. BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 experience fatigue during daily activities. Because @entity853 play a role in their exercise intolerance, these symptoms may reflect a delay in muscle recovery and a resulting limitation in submaximal exercise tolerance. METHODS: Two protocols were used. In protocol 1, knee extensor strength and endurance, and their recovery after fatiguing exercise, were evaluated in 11 @entity1 (mean [+/- SEM] age 62 +/- 5 years, New York Heart Association functional class 2.3 +/- 0.2, ejection fraction 24 +/- 5%) and in 10 age-matched sedentary control subjects. Protocol 2 examined the recovery of knee extensor endurance and submaximal exercise tolerance, as quantified on a self-powered treadmill, over 24 h in 18 @entity1 (mean age 65 +/- 3 years, functional class 2.4 +/- 0.2, ejection fraction 23 +/- 3%) and in 10 control subjects. RESULTS: Peak @entity26 consumption was reduced in both @entity712 groups (15.4 +/- 1.4 and 15.6 +/- 1.0 ml/kg per min) compared with that in the respective control groups (23.1 +/- 2.9 and 25.6 +/- 1.0 ml/kg per min, both p < 0.05), as was muscle endurance but not muscle strength. In protocol 1, knee extensor endurance recovered more slowly in the @entity1 than in control subjects (to 62 +/- 4% and 87 +/- 7% of the baseline value after 5 min, respectively, p < 0.05). In protocol 2, submaximal exercise tolerance was lower in the @entity1 with @entity712 than in control subjects (1,075 +/- 116 vs. 1,390 +/- 110 m), but knee extensor endurance and walking distance recovered fully by 10 and 30 min, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although these findings confirm earlier studies that demonstrated @entity121 in @entity1 with @entity712 , the results provide no evidence that recovery of either muscle function or submaximal exercise tolerance is delayed beyond the initial 5 to 10 min after exercise.

title: Exercise intolerance in chronic XXXX is not associated with impaired recovery of muscle function or submaximal exercise performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of skeletal muscle']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['impaired muscle endurance']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']