abstract: @entity788 may be associated with @entity1514 , notably chronic massive @entity1143 (CMPE) and, rarely, @entity9007 ( @entity9007 ) and enzymatic @entity1764 (EM). Our personal experience with 14 cases of @entity1514 (nine CMPE, two @entity9007 associated with @entity1143 , and three EM of 670 @entity1 who underwent surgery; of these, 191 had acute and 479 had chronic @entity788 ) during 16 years (1970-1986) is reported. In the @entity1 with CMPE, the initial symptoms were progressive @entity1353 eventually associated with cough and @entity662 . In the @entity9007 cases, there was @entity1282 associated with @entity158 and left @entity662 . The initial signs in the @entity1 with EM were sudden @entity1353 , @entity848 , @entity158 , @entity591 , and @entity712 . A fistula between the @entity1124 in seven of the nine @entity1 with CMPE was demonstrated by intraoperative pancreatography and/or cystography. On the contrary, preoperative @entity50 in only three of the seven. In both cases of @entity9007 , computed tomography (CT) provided a correct diagnosis that was confirmed at surgery. In the @entity1 with EM, the diagnosis was suggested by the clinical appearance and was confirmed by the chest roentgenogram and by CT. All @entity1 had operations after varying periods of unsuccessful 2-4-week-long conservative treatment. One @entity1 with @entity281 died postoperatively. There were no thoracic recurrences of @entity660 among the other @entity1 at a 10-month-10-year follow-up observation after surgery.

title: XXXX complications of @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'Pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal system and the pleural cavity']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic complications']

entities_list: @entity1764 :: ('MESH:D008480', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinitis']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infected ascites']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['PME', 'pseudocysts with mediastinal extension']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain', 'left subscapular pain']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic pancreatography demonstrated the sinus tract']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: 1. The specificity of intracellular @entity141 stores to @entity141 -mobilizing agonists was studied in DDT1 MF-2 vas deferens cells of the @entity329 . 2. Application of @entity112 (100 microM) or @entity855 (100 microM) to the DDT1 MF-2 cells caused an initial increase of intracellular @entity141 followed by a lower phase as measured by using Indo-1 as fluorescent probe at 22 degrees C. The basal @entity141 level (146 nM) was enhanced to 309 nM by @entity112 and to 379 nM by @entity855 . 3. A transient rise in intracellular @entity141 lasting for about 2 min was measured in the presence of @entity112 or @entity855 in the absence of extracellular @entity141 . The basal @entity141 level (78 nM) was increased to 128 nM by @entity112 and to 145 nM by @entity855 . 4. A transient hyperpolarization was elicited in single cells as measured with microelectrodes by both agonists under @entity141 -free conditions with a similar time course as the change in internal @entity141 . The hyperpolarization observed in the presence of @entity112 amounted to 23 mV and 31 mV with @entity855 . The @entity112 -induced responses were abolished by the H1 histaminoceptor antagonist @entity8765 (10 microM) and the responses evoked by @entity855 were blocked by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist @entity5747 (300 microM). 5. A second internal @entity141 response could only be evoked under @entity141 -free conditions by applying a higher agonist concentration or after replenishing the intracellular stores with @entity141 from the extracellular space. 6. A second addition of an optimal concentration (100 microM) of the agonist to the cells under @entity141 -free conditions did not evoke mobilization of internal @entity141 or hyperpolarization, but resulted in a rise of the cellular @entity8580 (1,4,5)-trisphosphate content (Ins(1,4,5)P3) as determined by a radioligand binding assay. 7. The cells responded to both agonists (100 microM) with a transient @entity141 response if successively applied at a maximal effective concentration (100 microM) under @entity141 -free conditions. 8. Simultaneous stimulation of H1 histaminoceptors and P2 purinoceptors resulted in the absence of external @entity141 in an additional increase in internal @entity141 represented by the amplitude and area of the response and in an increased response area of the hyperpolarization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Calcium release from separate receptor-specific intracellular stores induced by XXXX and @entity855 in a hamster cell line.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity8765 :: ('MESH:D011738', 'Chemical') :: ['mepyramine']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity112 :: (MESH:D006632,Chemical) :: ['histamine']


abstract: PROBLEM: One immunoregulatory pathway receiving little attention is placental exosome release. In normal pregnancy, as factors linked with early immunomodulation decline, placental exosomes become critical in modulating T-cell activation, suppressing effector T cells by enhancing lymphocyte apoptosis and @entity12711 loss. METHOD OF STUDY: Placental exosomes were specifically isolated from the maternal peripheral circulation by a chromatographic/immunosorbent procedure. Exosomal suppression of T-cell signaling molecules on unfractionated T cells and T subsets was analyzed by Western immunoblot. The role of @entity12 ( @entity12 ) was defined by use of Fas-blocking antibody. RESULTS: While exosomes of lymphoid origin could be demonstrated in all @entity1 , placenta-derived exosomes were only identified in pregnant @entity1 . Placental exosomes suppressed T-cell expression of @entity12711 and @entity7803 , while inducing @entity20139 . This downregulation of @entity12711 was partially reversed by pre-incubating T cells with ZB4 antibody. Using T subsets, the level of @entity12711 on @entity405 + cells was inhibited 1.43-fold more than in @entity404 + cells. On @entity404 + @entity2902 + cells, @entity12711 was not significantly inhibited. CONCLUSION: Placental exosomes suppressed T-cell signaling components; however, while exosomal @entity12 is an important contributor, it does not appear to be the sole mediator. The additional expression of @entity4634 may explain immunoregulatory consequences of exosomes with low or absent @entity12 .

title: Specific isolation of placenta-derived exosomes from the circulation of pregnant XXXX and their immunoregulatory consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The role of angiography in cervicothoracic @entity130 is controversial. Since 1967 the policy at San Francisco General Hospital has been to use liberal indications for angiography in hemodynamically stable @entity1 with either penetrating or blunt cervicothoracic @entity130 . The 304 @entity1 in Group 1 had emergency angiographic evaluation: 102 had penetrating cervical wounds: 202 had thoracic injuries-71 penetrating and 131 blunt @entity130 . During the same time period, 72 @entity1 (Group II) had cervical or thoracic @entity1317 and underwent operative treatment without preoperative angiography. Sixty-six @entity1 in Group 1 had significant @entity1317 . Thirty @entity1 with penetrating @entity130 had 38 @entity455 . Thirty-six @entity1 with gunshot or blunt @entity764 had 43 @entity455 . Group II @entity1 had two main indications for operation: exanguinating @entity548 (45 @entity1 ) or suspected @entity1317 , usually associated with @entity548 (27 @entity1 ). Angiographic results were useful whether abnormal or normal. In cases with adnormal findings operative treatment was specific and improper incisions were avoided. In cases with normal angiographic results, clarification of the vascular status avoided unnecessary operations and permitted concentration of therapeutic effort upon the main clinical problems of the @entity1 .

title: Role of angiography in cervicothoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cervical injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: CONTEXT: Overlapping neurobiological pathways between @entity28 and @entity74 are currently in discussion. Whereas the hypothalamic regulation of energy homeostasis by endocrine feedback signals has been widely investigated, its interplay with mesolimbic reward-associated pathways represents a rich field of future research. OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in regional brain activation in response to food-related cues in association with body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) and the plasma concentration of the appetite-regulating peptide @entity1243 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: @entity4207 and brain imaging center, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany. @entity1 : Twenty-one @entity28 subjects (BMI >30) and 23 age- and sex-matched nonobese control subjects (BMI 18.5-24.0) recruited by advertisements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Regional brain activation (blood @entity26 level-dependent response) in response to visual cue presentation and association of the brain activation with BMI and plasma @entity1243 concentration. RESULTS: Significant positive relationships were observed for food cue-induced brain activations in the ventral striatum in association with the plasma concentration of @entity1243 (r = 0.27; P = .04) and with BMI (r = 0.47; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Data suggest a physiological role of satiety factors in modulating the responsivity of mesolimbic circuits to food cues. Moreover, an altered homeostatic feedback regulation of reward pathways might explain addictionlike behavior and the @entity28 @entity1 to adapt food intake to physiological needs.

title: Association of @entity1243 with food cue-induced activation in XXXX reward pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['inability of obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['Academic addiction']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['addiction disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Six serologically negative sows were infected by intranasal instillation of porcine @entity2803 (PCMV) between 31 and 85 days of pregnacy. Four sows showed an afebrile anorexia and lethargy 14-25 days after infection and all 6 developed significant increases in indirect immunofluorescent (IIF) antibody titres within 35 days. Virus was recovered from nasal and/or cervical swabs from 2 sows during life and from lung macrophage cultures after @entity204 . At term the sows were killed and their fetuses harvested by caesarean section. The number of mummified and stillborn fetuses increased from 4/63 in 6 previous litters to 18/60 in the 6 present litters. Nine of 43 fetuses born alive were reared in isolators for up to 6 weeks but the majority were killed for examination on the day of birth. Virus was isolated from 16 piglets from 4 of the 6 litters examined; it was isolated most frequently from lungs and liver but also from spleen, kidney, brain and nasal mucosa. Unsuckled day-old @entity1707 had insignificant IIF titres, irrespective of whether they were excreting virus or not. The 5 congenital excretors which were reared all died within 7 days but no @entity204 occurred among their 4 litter-mates. Post-natal infection of 2 of these piglets reared in contact with congenitally infected @entity1707 was suggested by the recovery of virus from nasal swabs 17 and 27 days after birth and the subsequent rise in IIF titre to 1/256 by day 42.

title: Experimental transplacental transmission of porcine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['cytomegalovirus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness and safety of domestically produced recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 ( @entity8033 ) for the treatment of chemotherapy- induced @entity882 . METHODS: A total of 32 solid @entity5 @entity1 who developed chemotherapy-induced @entity882 ( _70 x 10(9)/L) after the first cycle of chemotherapy was studied by self-cross control. The @entity1 were given subcutaneous injection of @entity8033 (25 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 7 to 14 consecutive days or until platelet count > or = 100 x 10(9)/L during the second cycle of chemotherapy using the identical regimen as in the first cycle. RESULTS: The mean platelet count of the @entity1 after @entity8033 treatment was higher at different time points during the second cycle of chemotherapy than that during the first cycle of chemotherapy with the mean platelet count of (110.2 +/- 53.5) x 10(9)/L in the first cycle of chemotherapy versus (55.6 +/- 46.8) x 10(9)/L in the second cycle of chemotherapy (P < 0. 01). @entity1 with platelet count < or = 50 x 10(9)/L was 4/32 (12.5%) in the first cycle of chemotherapy and 12/32 (37.5%) in the second cycle of chemotherapy (P < 0.01). The time recovery to the normal platelet count was 2 - 18 days (median 5 days) in the first cycle of chemotherapy versus 5 - 27 days (median 12 days) in the second cycle of chemotherapy (P < 0.01). The case/frequency of the platelet transfusion was 2/2 in the first cycle of chemotherapy, while it was 7/9 in the second cycle of chemotherapy (P < 0.01). The major adverse reactions relative to @entity8033 treatment were @entity1295 , @entity925 / @entity4841 , @entity158 , @entity10 , palpitation, @entity4 and @entity221 , most of which could be relieved automatically without any specific treament. However, some 3 grade side effects such as @entity1295 , @entity925 / @entity4841 and @entity10 needed proper medication. CONCLUSION: @entity8033 is safe and effective for chemotherapy-induced @entity882 with mild and manageable side effects.

title: [Effectiveness and safety of recombinant @entity1 XXXX in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity882 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4382 :: (3589,Gene) :: ['interleukin-11']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the natural history of initially untreated @entity5 . A key secondary objective was to calculate long-term survival rates by stage, grade, and age at diagnosis. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based in 1 county of Sweden, without screening for @entity263 . @entity1 : A group of 642 @entity1 with @entity263 of any stage, consecutively diagnosed between 1977 and 1984 at a mean age of 72 years with complete follow-up to 1994. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of @entity1 who died from @entity263 , and 15-year survival (with 95% confidence interval [CI]), corrected for causes of @entity263 . RESULTS: In the entire cohort, @entity263 accounted for 201 (37%) of all 541 @entity204 . Among 300 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity66 ( @entity9212 ), 33 (11%) died of @entity263 . In this group, the corrected 15-year survival rate was similar in 223 @entity1 with deferred treatment (81%; 95% CI, 72%-89%) and in 77 who received initial treatment (81%; 95% CI, 67%-95%). The corrected 15-year survival was 57% (95% CI, 45%-68%) in 183 @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 ( @entity3214 ) and 6% (95% CI, 0%-12%) in those 159 who had distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity263 have a favorable outlook following watchful waiting, and the number of @entity204 potentially avoidable by radical initial treatment is limited. Without reliable prognostic indicators, an aggressive approach to all @entity1 with @entity66 would entail substantial overtreatment. In contrast, @entity1 with locally advanced or metastatic disease need trials of aggressive therapy to improve their poor prognosis.

title: Fifteen-year survival in XXXX . A prospective, population-based study in Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['death other than prostate cancer', 'localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease', 'localized disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The expressions of some growth factors have been immunohistochemically confirmed in several kinds of @entity5 , and in particular the expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been reported to be closely related to @entity5 cell proliferation. We report herein a case of undifferentiated spindle-cell @entity242 arising in the chest wall with @entity7 expression. A 67-year-old @entity1 , who presented with coughing, was found to have an abnormal shadow on his right chest wall. He was admitted to Chiba Rosai Hospital and preoperative diagnosis of the @entity5 was @entity242 . The @entity5 was thus resected along with the right chest wall and right lower lobe of the lung. Histopathologically, the @entity5 cells were spindle-shaped and showed severe @entity1389 . The @entity5 cells were positive for @entity2277 and @entity7 antibody with immunohistochemical staining, but they did not show differentiation to any special type of @entity242 . The @entity5 was diagnosed to be undifferentiated spindle-cell @entity242 . The microvessel density of the @entity5 was measured using @entity2280 and it was found to be higher than the average density of @entity242 . The prognosis of this case was poor. The @entity1 died of @entity5 metastasis to the lung and bone 1 year later in spite of the fact that the @entity5 was resected.

title: Undifferentiated spindle-cell XXXX of the chest wall with @entity7 expression: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'usual sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: We treated 22 @entity1 with refractory @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) with @entity1872 (generic name). Median age was 57 (1 @entity1 aged 11, and 21 adults aged 18 to 77). @entity1 were refractory to or had contraindication to therapy by @entity229 and splenectomy. Several @entity1 had already received other treatments. All @entity1 received @entity1872 at a daily dose of 600 mg/day for at least 2 months (except the @entity1 who received 400 mg/day), and other treatments for @entity3039 were discontinued when @entity1872 was started. Two @entity1 achieved complete remissions (CR), one partial remission (PR) and four had minor responses (MR). The remaining 15 @entity1 had no response (NR). One of the complete responses lasted 34 months, but was dependent on daily maintenance doses of @entity1872 of 400 mg or more. One partial responder remained so after seven months, four months following the discontinuation of @entity1872 . All other responders relapsed within three months, while receiving @entity1872 600 mg/day. The drug was generally well tolerated, with few side effects. @entity1872 , when used as a single drug in refractory @entity3039 , therefore had limited benefit in our experience.

title: The role of XXXX in the treatment of refractory @entity3039 . A report of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

answer: @entity1872 :: (MESH:D003613,Chemical) :: ['danazol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care for @entity1 with @entity308 is not networked to an optimal degree in Germany. In order to improve outpatient care, an integrated care model for @entity1 with @entity308 was initiated in Freiburg in December 2008. The model aims at implementation of central recommendations of the "Conceptual Framework Integrated Care: Depression" of the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. METHODS: Usage of health services and effects of the model were analyzed by means of @entity1 and physician data as part of a continuous project evaluation. RESULTS: Since the launch of the project in December 2008, 40 physicians have been participating, and have included a total of 234 @entity1 . @entity308 constitute by far the most frequent disorders (91%). Most @entity1 showed moderate (58%) or severe (36%) @entity308 . @entity74 were recurrent (61%). About three quarters of @entity1 (75%) are treated exclusively by general practitioners. According to the physicians' ratings, 58% of the @entity1 were remitted or showed @entity1109 following their inclusion in the Freiburg model. After 16 weeks this number rose to 70% of @entity1 . According to the information provided by the @entity1 , in the PHQ-D, 59% of the @entity1 were remitted or showed minimal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In the Freiburg model the "Conceptual Framework Integrated Care: Depression" could be implemented under current routine conditions. The first evaluation results indicate the success of this model. The results are indicative of a high quality of health care of the Freiburg model.

title: ['Optimal care for XXXX ': Freiburg model of integrated care for @entity308 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Unipolar depressions', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['subsyndromal symptoms in the eighth treatment week']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Most disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity43 ( @entity43 ) is an iatrogenic complication of treatment with fertility drugs. It is characterized by increased vascular permeability and simultaneous overexpression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in ovarian cells. OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that the endothelium and endothelial cell-to-cell junctions are downstream targets of @entity7 during @entity43 pathogenesis. We investigated the potential involvement of @entity3545 , an interendothelial adhesion molecule, in the @entity2478 in @entity43 . DESIGN: @entity1 endothelial cells from umbilical veins (HUVEC) were used as an in vitro model of @entity43 . INTERVENTION: Cell cultures were treated with varying doses of @entity53 (E2), @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), @entity7 , and antihuman @entity7 antibodies, either alone or in combination, and the effect on @entity3545 release was evaluated at different time points. Permeability assays were performed using @entity2822 -labeled albumin, and actin filaments rearrangement was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS: Culturing of HUVEC with high doses of E2 produced no significant changes in @entity3545 concentration, but hCG and @entity7 produced a significant increase in @entity3545 release. Time-course experiments showed that @entity3545 was secreted 12 h after @entity7 addition. Antihuman @entity7 antibodies prevented these changes. Permeability assays demonstrated that, although E2 did not alter the arrangement of HUVEC in vitro, hCG and @entity7 caused changes in the actin fibers indicative of increased capillary permeability. @entity7 also induced an increase in paracellular permeability of HUVEC at the same doses used in the previous experiments. CONCLUSIONS: Adhesion molecules like @entity3545 may play a role in the development and progression of increased capillary permeability in severe @entity43 .

title: @entity3545 regulates vascular permeability: Implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'OHSS']

entities_list: @entity3545 :: ('1003', 'Gene') :: ['VE-cadherin', 'vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary hyperpermeability']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoresceinisothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']


abstract: The world's poultry industry has grown into a multibillion-dollar business, the success of which hinges on healthy intestinal tracts, which result in effective feed conversion. Enteric disease in poultry can have devastating economic effects on producers, due to high mortality rates and poor feed efficiency. Clostridia are considered to be among the most important agents of enteric disease in poultry. Diagnosis of @entity66 produced by clostridia is usually challenging, mainly because many clostridial species can be normal inhabitants of the gut, making it difficult to determine their role in virulence. The most common @entity66 in poultry is @entity39 , caused by @entity3168 , which typically occurs in broiler @entity1573 but has also been diagnosed in various avian species including @entity233 , waterfowl, and ostriches. Diagnosis is based on clinical and pathological findings. Negative culture and toxin detection results may be used to rule out this disease, but isolation of @entity3168 and/or detection of its alpha toxin are of little value to confirm the disease because both are often found in the intestine of healthy birds. @entity1066 , caused by @entity3168 colinum, is the other major @entity66 of poultry. Diagnosis of @entity1066 is by documentation of typical pathological findings, coupled with isolation of C. colinum from the intestine of affected birds. Other clostridial @entity66 include @entity281 produced by @entity2718 , @entity3168 fallax, and @entity3168 baratii.

title: Diagnosing XXXX in poultry.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['clostridial enteric disease', 'enteric diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative enteritis', 'Ulcerative enteritis']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium', 'C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['clostridial enteric disease']


abstract: A 67-year-old @entity1 was referred to the Department of Internal Medicine at Tokyo Medical University with @entity401 in July 1999. He presented with keratotic plaques on both palsm and on the ventral and lateral sides of his fingers. @entity9284 was observed on the dosal aspect of his fingers and metatarsophalangeal (MP) joints. @entity4 was seen on the @entity1 's chest, back, and the extensor surfaces of his arms. Electromyography revealed a myogenic pattern and an increased level of myogenic enzymes was found in the blood. Histological findings of the ventral sides of his fingers showed @entity5656 and @entity8286 of the dermal tissue and liquefaction @entity528 . Based on these findings, the @entity1 was given a diagnosis of @entity6017 associated with mechanic's hand. A systemic examination confirmed @entity401 and @entity189 . Mechanic's hand is a type of @entity1909 associated with @entity121 first reported by Stahl et al. in @entity1 with @entity1413 . We report herein the first documented case of mechanic's hand in Asians.

title: A case of XXXX associated with mechanic's hand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity5656 :: ('MESH:D017488', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Edematous erythema']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the duodenal papilla']

entities_list: @entity9284 :: ('MESH:D007642', 'Disease') :: ['Erythematous keratosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen disease']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the basal layer at the papilla']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: Heat treatment and various other stresses render @entity5 cells resistant to @entity137 mediated by @entity5 @entity39 factors (TNFs). Here, we elucidate the molecular basis of this phenomenon by demonstrating that the major @entity1457 protein, @entity2285 , protects @entity5 cells from @entity310 @entity137 even in the absence of stress. The @entity1 @entity2285 gene was stably introduced into highly @entity310 -sensitive WEHI-S @entity5 cells both in the sense and antisense orientation. All clones constitutively expressing the exogenous @entity1 @entity2285 gene were protected from @entity310 -mediated killing approximately 1000-fold. Remarkably, the growth of one clone was actually stimulated by low concentrations of @entity310 . Moreover, a clone expressing antisense @entity2285 RNA was rendered extremely sensitive to TNFs. @entity2285 -mediated protection from @entity310 @entity137 was confirmed in transient expression experiments employing retroviral vectors. Changes in cellular sensitivity to @entity310 were not associated with alterations in the binding of @entity310 to its receptors. Neither the transfection procedure itself nor overexpression of the low molecular weight @entity1457 protein, @entity2284 , had any effect on cellular susceptibility to TNFs. Our data suggest that @entity2285 may increase the oncogenic potential of some @entity5 cells by providing them with an escape mechanism from immunological defense.

title: Major @entity1457 protein @entity2285 protects @entity5 cells from @entity5 @entity39 factor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: The release of @entity1672 (PGD2), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), and @entity112 induced by antigen and compound 48/80 was studied using an in vitro model of @entity2021 in @entity840 skin. Abdominal skin from ovalbumin-sensitized @entity840 was cut into 0.5-1.0 mm-thick slices which were incubated in Tyrode solution at 37 degrees C with or without either ovalbumin or 48/80. Released PGD2 and @entity1421 were measured by radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Release of PGD2 was detectable at 2 min after challenge (50 micrograms/ml ovalbumin), reaching a maximum at about 15 min. @entity112 release was more rapid, achieving 50% of maximum at about 4 min compared to about 7 min for PGD2. In 11 experiments incubation with ovalbumin (50 micrograms/ml for 10 min) induced a significant 6-fold increase in PGD2 compared to unchallenged controls (399 +/- 53 and 67 +/- 19 ng/g dry weight skin, respectively; mean +/- SEM) and a net 47.2% @entity112 release. In contrast, a smaller (27%) rise in @entity1421 was found. @entity3352 (14 microns) completely suppressed evoked PGD2 and @entity1421 synthesis without evident effect on @entity112 release, suggesting that the release of @entity112 in this model is not dependent on @entity3009 production. The mast cell degranulating agent compound 48/80 (50 micrograms/ml) released significant amounts of PGD2 (340 +/- 86 ng/g skin compared to 89 +/- 30 ng/g for control skin, n = 5) but had no appreciable effect on @entity1421 . These results show that @entity840 skin can synthesize significant quantities of PGD2 in anaphylactic reactions. @entity1672 produced in @entity56 in skin in vivo may contribute to the inflammatory reaction, either directly or in synergism with other mediators.

title: XXXX release by @entity840 skin during in vitro @entity2021 induced by antigen and compound 48/80.

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2', 'Prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['acute allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1672 :: (MESH:D015230,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin D2']


abstract: The integrity of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is essential for normal fetal growth. Cytokine and IGF-IGFBP relationships have been shown in specific tissues, but it is unknown whether these occur in the placenta. We aimed to assess possible differences in the IGF system depending on gestational age (GA) from week 35 to 40, and to study relationships of @entity650 with components of the IGF system in the placenta and newborn @entity1 . We followed 32 normal births and collected whole villous tissue and cord serum. Total RNA was extracted from the placenta samples, reverse transcribed and then real-time quantitative (TaqMan) RT-PCR was performed to quantify cDNA for @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity10116 , @entity10513 and @entity650 . The corresponding proteins were assayed in placenta lysates and cord serum using specific commercial kits. Two groups of subjects (Group 1, 35-37 weeks GA, N=12 and Group 2, 38-40 weeks GA, N=20) were studied. In placenta, @entity442 mRNA was more abundant than @entity5100 mRNA at all times and together with @entity10116 mRNA were less expressed at term. @entity10513 and @entity650 mRNAs were higher after week 37 GA. @entity650 and @entity10513 gene expression were closely related. The corresponding proteins showed similar differences to the genes but @entity442 was undetectable in the lysates, whereas @entity5100 was abundant. @entity10513 concentrations were very high and greater than those of @entity10116 . In the newborn, no difference was seen in any cord serum protein after week 35 GA. @entity10116 was negatively correlated with parameters of neonatal size. In conclusion, this study reports new insights into @entity650 relationships within the @entity1 placenta and shows the importance of comparing subjects with the same GA.

title: Interleukin-6 and insulin-like growth factor system relationships and differences in the XXXX placenta and fetus from the 35th week of gestation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: To identify proteins that are involved in the molecular mechanisms of @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR), a well-established model of blinding @entity63 , we quantitatively analyzed the retinal proteome in a @entity19 model of OIR. OIR was induced by exposing C57BL/6 @entity19 on postnatal day 7 (P7) to 75% @entity871 for 5 days, followed by 5 days in room air. Retinas from @entity19 on @entity15050 and @entity14802 , the hyperoxic and @entity519 phases, respectively, and control groups were examined using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. In total, 1422 retinal proteins were identified: 699 from the iTRAQ experiment and 1074 by nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Compared with control retinas in the iTRAQ study, OIR retinas upregulated and downregulated 21 and 17 proteins, respectively, in @entity14802 retinas and 25 and 14 proteins, respectively, in @entity15050 retinas. Of the differentially expressed proteins, the retinal expression of crystallin proteins, M  ller cell-associated proteins, @entity179 , and angiogenesis-associated proteins, such as 150-kDa @entity26 -regulated protein ( @entity39081 ), were analyzed. @entity39081 colocalized to the neovascular tufts, and knockdown of @entity39081 by siRNA decreased the levels of secreted @entity1611 in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Moreover, intravitreal administration of siRNA targeting @entity39081 significantly reduced the @entity2479 in OIR. In conclusion, our proteomic discovery method, coupled with targeted approaches, revealed many proteins that were differentially regulated in the @entity19 model of OIR. These proteins, including @entity39081 , are potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of @entity63 .

title: Retinal proteome analysis in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative ischemic retinopathy', 'ischemic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration-associated proteins']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a novel anesthetic gel ( @entity3303 25 mg/g plus @entity5403 25 mg/g in thermosetting agents) for non-invasive periodontal pocket anesthesia was evaluated. METHODS: One hundred twenty-two (122) @entity1 in 8 centers with moderate to severe @entity2521 requiring scaling and root planing (SRP) were enrolled in this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. The active dental gel or a matching placebo gel was applied into the periodontal pocket using a blunt applicator. Following a waiting period of 30 seconds to 2 minutes, scaling and root planing were performed. If the @entity1 had any discomfort, a second application of the gel was applied. If the @entity1 continued to experience discomfort, conventional anesthesia was offered. After all teeth in the test quadrant had received SRP, the overall @entity158 was assessed by the @entity1 using a 100 mm horizontal, ungraded visual analog scale in which the left side was marked "no @entity158 " and the right side marked "worst @entity158 imaginable." @entity1 also assessed @entity158 by using a 5-point verbal rating scale, from "no @entity158 " to "very severe @entity158 ." RESULTS: The visual analog scale showed significant reductions in reported @entity158 , favoring the active gel over the placebo (mean reduction, 8 mm; P <0.0005). The verbal rating scale revealed that 90% of @entity1 treated with active gel reported no @entity158 or mild @entity158 compared to 64% of placebo-treated @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Intrapocket administration of @entity3303 25 mg/g plus @entity5403 25 mg/g and thermosetting agents may be effective for @entity158 control for scaling and root planing and may offer an alternative to infiltration anesthesia.

title: Intrapocket anesthesia for scaling and root planing: results of a double-blind multicenter trial using XXXX @entity5403 dental gel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: @entity5 and @entity731 are major causes of @entity204 in western societies. Deregulated cell @entity204 is common to both diseases, with significant contribution of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress. These two form a vicious cycle and regulate cell @entity204 pathways in either direction. This raises interest in antioxidative systems. The @entity1 enzymes @entity14565 ( @entity14565 ) and @entity14566 are intracellular enzymes with established antioxidative effects and protective functions against @entity731 . Underlying molecular mechanisms, however, remained elusive until recently. Novel findings revealed that both enzymes locate to mitochondrial membranes where they interact with coenzyme Q10 and diminish oxidative stress. As a result, ROS-triggered mitochondrial apoptosis and cell @entity204 are reduced. From a cardiovascular standpoint, this is beneficial given that enhanced loss of vascular cells and macrophage @entity204 forms the basis for @entity731 plaque development. However, the same function has now been shown to raise chemotherapeutic resistance in several @entity5 cells. Intriguingly, @entity14565 as well as @entity14566 are frequently found upregulated in @entity5 samples. Here we review studies reporting @entity14565 / @entity14566 deregulations in @entity5 , summarize most recent findings on their anti-oxidative and antiapoptotic mechanisms, and discuss how this could be used in putative future therapies to target @entity731 and @entity5 .

title: Protectors or Traitors: The Roles of @entity14565 and @entity14566 in @entity731 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Epidemiologic evidence suggests that a full-term pregnancy may affect maternal risk of @entity0 later in life. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare circulating levels of maternal hormones affecting breast differentiation ( @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin and prolactin) and proliferation [ @entity160 , @entity442 ( @entity442 ), and @entity53 ] between @entity1 at a low to moderate risk (Asians and Hispanics), as compared with @entity1 at a high risk for @entity0 (Caucasians and African-Americans). Between May 2002 and December 2004, a total of 586 pregnant @entity1 were approached during a routine prenatal visit. Among them, 450 @entity1 (206 Caucasian, 126 Asian, 88 Hispanic, and 30 African-American) met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent. Only singleton pregnancies were considered. Blood samples were drawn during the second trimester of pregnancy. Laboratory analyses were done using the IMMULITE 2000 immunoassay system. Gestational age standardized mean levels of @entity53 , @entity442 , and prolactin were significantly higher in Hispanic @entity1 compared with Caucasian @entity1 . Mean concentration of @entity442 was significantly higher in African-American @entity1 compared with Caucasian and Asian @entity1 . No significant differences in pregnancy hormone levels were observed between Caucasian and Asian (predominantly second-generation Chinese) @entity1 in this study. Irrespective of ethnicity, @entity1 who had their first pregnancy had substantially higher mean levels of @entity160 , @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, @entity53 , and prolactin compared with @entity1 who previously had at least one full-term pregnancy. These data suggest that circulating pregnancy hormone levels may explain some of the ethnic differences in @entity0 risk.

title: Effects of parity on pregnancy hormonal profiles across ethnic groups with a diverse incidence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Analysis of prospectively collected longitudinal web-based registry data OBJECTIVE.: To determine relative validity, responsiveness and minimum clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds in @entity1 undergoing surgery forintradural extramedullary (IDEM) @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) are vital in establishing the value of care in spinal pathology. There is limited availability of prospective, quality studies reporting PROs for IDEM spine @entity5 . METHODS: Total 40 @entity1 were analyzed. Baseline, post-operative 3-month, and 12-month PROs were recorded: ODI/NDI, EQ-5D, SF-12, NRS- @entity158 scores. Responders were defined as those who achieved a level of improvement with 1 or 2 after surgery on health transition index (HTI) of SF-36. Receiver-operating characteristic curves were generated to assess the validity of PROs, and the difference between standardized response means (SRMs) in responders vs. non-responders was utilized to determine the relative responsiveness of each PRO measure. MCID thresholds were derived using previously reported minimal detectable change approach. RESULTS: A significant improvement across all PROs at 3-months and 12-months follow-up was noted. The derived MCID thresholds were 13.9 points: ODI/NDI, 0.14 quality adjusted life years: EQ-5D, 2.8 points: SF-12PCS and 10.7 points: SF-12MCS, 1.9 points: @entity615 , and 1.8 points: NRS-leg/arm @entity158 . SF-12PCS was most accurate discriminator of meaningful improvement (AUC-0.83) and most responsive (SRM-1.36) to postoperative improvement. EQ-5D, ODI/NDI, NRS- @entity158 scores were all accurate discriminator (AUC-0.7-0.8) and responsive measures (0.97-0.67) of meaningful postoperative improvement. SF-12MCS was neither a valid discriminator (AUC-0.48) nor a responsive measure (SRM: -1.5) of outcome. CONCLUSION: Surgical resection of IDEM @entity5 provides significant and sustained improvement in quality of life, general health, disability and @entity158 at 12-month following surgery. The surgically resected IDEM-specific clinically meaningful thresholds are reported. All the PROs reported in this study can accurately discriminate responders and non-responder based on SF-36 HTI index except for SF-12 @entity8848 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Surgical Resection of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors: XXXX Reported Outcomes and Minimum Clinically Important Difference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['NRS-back/neck pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) provide lifesaving circulatory support to @entity1 awaiting heart transplantation. To date, the extent to which sustained mechanical unloading alters the phenotype of pathologic @entity1283 in @entity384 is unknown. METHODS: We examined left ventricular size, myocyte and @entity296 immunoreactivity for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in eight @entity1 with advanced @entity384 before and after LVAD support. The mean duration of @entity712 was 18 +/- 5 months, and LVAD support averaged 42 +/- 4 days before heart transplantation. RESULTS: Echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass decreased from 505 +/- 83 to 297 +/- 52 gm (p < 0.05) during LVAD support, whereas minimum myocyte diameter decreased from 28.1 +/- 0.9 to 21.7 +/- 0.6 microns (p < 0.01) in transmural @entity296 tissue specimens. Overall left ventricular ANP immunopositivity decreased from 48% at LVAD placement to 12% at transplantation (p < 0.05), whereas @entity3876 immunopositivity decreased from 28% to 4% after LVAD support. Moreover, a gradient of ANP and @entity3876 immunostaining from subendocardium to epicardium observed before mechanical unloading diminished after LVAD support. Analysis of the relationship between left ventricular mass and ANP immunopositivity revealed a close and highly significant correlation between these variables. CONCLUSIONS: These studies demonstrate remarkable left ventricular plasticity even in the presence of advanced @entity296 . Parallel reductions in @entity296 mass and myocyte size with reductions in ventricular ANP and @entity3876 immunostaining indicate a novel regression of the phenotype of pathologic @entity1184 within the @entity1 myocardium after LVAD support.

title: Altered @entity296 phenotype after mechanical support in XXXX beings with advanced @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'brain natriuretic peptide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advancements in microsurgical techniques and instrumentation have allowed the development of the keyhole approach in @entity439 surgery. OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety, efficacy, and 1-year clinical outcome of supraorbital keyhole and standard pterional approaches for @entity1756 . METHODS: A total of 87 @entity1 underwent surgical clipping, 40 through the pterional and 47 through the supraorbital keyhole approach. Baseline demographics, operative time, procedural complications, and 1-year @entity1 outcome were retrospectively compared. RESULTS: The 2 groups were comparable with respect to baseline characteristics, with the exception of a higher proportion of small @entity439 (<7 mm) in the supraorbital group (70.2% vs. 37.5%, P = .002). Total operative time was significantly shorter in the supraorbital group (205 minutes, P < .001) compared with the pterional group (256 minutes). The rate of procedural complications was lower in @entity1 treated through the pterional (17.5%) vs the supraorbital approach (23.4%, P = .4). Intraoperative @entity1756 occurred more frequently in the supraorbital group (10.6% vs. 2.5%). No @entity1 experienced early or late rebleeding in either group. One year after treatment, 75% (30/40) of @entity1 achieved a favorable outcome (Glasgow outcome scale IV or V) in the pterional group vs 76.6% (36/47) in the supraorbital group (P = .8). CONCLUSION: The rate of procedural complications may be higher with the supraorbital keyhole approach, but overall @entity1 outcomes appear to be comparable. The pterional approach is a simple, reliable, and efficient procedure. The keyhole approach may be an acceptable alternative for neurosurgeons who have gained sufficient experience with the technique, especially for small noncomplex @entity439 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX : comparison of pterional and supraorbital keyhole approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm ruptures', 'ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['ruptured anterior circulation aneurysms']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether orally administered @entity1033 is of therapeutic benefit for varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents, and to compare the severity of the disease in adolescents with that in younger @entity1 . DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. SETTING: @entity1 ' homes and university hospital clinics. @entity1 : Sixty-eight adolescents between 13 and 18 years of age with varicella entered the study. Of the 62 adolescents with laboratory-confirmed varicella who were included in the final analysis, 31 received @entity1033 and 31 received placebo. INTERVENTIONS: Placebo or an 800 mg @entity1033 tablet was given orally four times daily for 5 days, beginning within 24 hours of onset of @entity1910 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity1033 recipients had significant reductions in times to cessation of new lesion formation (p less than 0.001), maximum number of lesions (p = 0.019), and defervescence (p = 0.045). Mean constitutional illness score was significantly reduced on day 4 (0.5 vs 1.5, p = 0.05), as was the mean number of @entity75 present on 28-day follow-up examination (22.7 vs 92.7, p = 0.018). Two complications, both bacterial superinfections, occurred in placebo recipients. @entity6079 virus antibody titers measured 28 days after enrollment were similar in both treatment groups. Comparison of placebo recipients with @entity1 2 to 12 years of age participating in a companion study indicated that varicella is more severe in adolescents: mean maximum total lesions (421 vs 347, p = 0.003), mean maximum constitutional illness score (3.1 vs 2.2, p = 0.032), and mean number of residual lesions (92.7 vs 33.2, p = 0.01) were all greater in the adolescent population. CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity1033 therapy is safe and effective for treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents; this may be an appropriate subgroup for treatment with antiviral drugs because the disease is more severe in them than in younger @entity1 .

title: @entity1033 treatment of varicella in otherwise healthy adolescents. The Collaborative XXXX Varicella Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['residual hypopigmented lesions']

entities_list: @entity6079 :: ('MESH:D020804', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse experiences and varicella-zoster']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['Acyclovir']


abstract: More than two thirds of @entity1 with @entity308 present with symptoms of fatigue, low energy, and listlessness. Because daytime sedation may be a concern in such @entity1 , a "nonsedating" antidepressant should be considered. The authors examined the effects of @entity905 on @entity308 -related disturbances in energy. Data from seven double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials in 2,075 @entity1 with @entity308 were retrospectively analyzed. The Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HAM-D) Retardation factor score (total of items 1, 7, 8, and 14) was used as the primary measure of energy improvement, whereas the HAM-D-17 total score was used to assess changes in overall @entity308 . Elderly @entity1 (aged 60 years and older) were included in the overall group and were also analyzed separately. In addition, a subgroup analysis was performed using the HAM-D Retardation factor score to categorize @entity1 as having low (score < 8) or high (score > or = 8) levels of retardation at baseline. Beginning at week 3, @entity905 -treated @entity1 experienced statistically significant reductions in their HAM-D Retardation factor score compared with placebo-treated @entity1 . The reductions for the elderly subgroup were less than those for the overall population, but they were still statistically significant beginning at week 4. @entity1 in both the low and high baseline retardation groups improved significantly. HAM-D-17 total scores for @entity905 -treated @entity1 in all groups (total, elderly, high retardation, and @entity258 ) improved significantly compared with placebo-treated @entity1 . These findings demonstrate that @entity905 -treated @entity1 experience an improvement in energy symptoms as their overall @entity308 improves.

title: Changes in energy during treatment of XXXX : an analysis of @entity905 in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low retardation']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Although total parenteral nutrition usually includes lipids, traditional long-chain @entity412 (LCT) emulsions do not fulfil the energy-providing role allotted to them. The special properties of medium-chain @entity1674 (MCTs) and @entity1718 led to replacement of part of the infused LCTs by MCTs. The present review shows that: 1. MCT/LCT emulsions are as safe and as well tolerated as the traditional emulsions, and contain enough essential @entity1718 to meet @entity1 ' needs. 2. Relative to LCT emulsions, MCT/LCT emulsions exhibit a number of differences: * More rapid clearance from the circulation. @entity5523 and @entity5705 hydrolyse them preferentially. * Decreased liability to be deposited as fat, in adipose tissue and liver. They do not overload the reticula-endothelial system, which may better preserve its capacity to phagocytose bacteria. * More rapid and complete oxidation, Faster energy provision for all tissues, even though a small part is dissipated in a clinical non-relevant thermogenesis and by o-oxidation. They are ketogenic if infused alone. * Concomitant administration of @entity413 does not influence their clearance rate, only slightly decreases their oxidation rate, but prevents the acceleration of ketogenesis. Two other properties of MCT/LCT emulsions are probable, though not confirmed: * exchanges of lipids between artificial fat particles and plasma lipoproteins may be less with these emulsions than with LCTs, though it is not yet known what effect diminished disturbance of lipoprotein homeostasis has on the organism. * The @entity1568 -sparing effect of a TPN regimen containing MCTs/LCTs seems better than a regimen providing LCTs only.

title: Clinical and experimental effects of medium-chain- XXXX -based fat emulsions--a review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5523 :: ('4023', 'Gene') :: ['Lipoprotein lipase']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Microsomal @entity412 transfer protein ( @entity13489 ) is an essential chaperone that assists in the assembly of @entity755 -containing lipoproteins to transport lipids. We have shown that @entity9951 regulates @entity13489 expression but other members of the same family do not. Further, we showed that interactions between @entity9951 seed sequence and the 3  -untranslated region (UTR) of the @entity13489 mRNA are critical for this regulation. The same seed sequence is shared by all the members of the miR-30 family. Therefore, it is unclear why only @entity9951 regulates @entity13489 expression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that, @entity9951 interacts with @entity13489 mRNA involving supplementary site, besides seed sequence, forming an intervening loop. Here, we evaluated the importance of the supplementary site and the size of the intervening loop in @entity9951 / @entity13489 mRNA interactions by cloning @entity13489 3  -UTR at the end of the luciferase gene and subjecting it to site-directed mutagenesis. Reducing the number of base pairs at the supplementary site abolished the ability of @entity9951 to reduce luciferase activity. However, increasing the number of base pairs at the supplementary site, seed sequence or in the intervening loop enhanced the efficacy of @entity9951 in reducing luciferase activity. These studies demonstrated that the supplementary site of @entity9951 is, but the intervening loop is not, critical for binding to the @entity13489 mRNA. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that miRs might require both seed and supplementary interactions to regulate target mRNA specificity. Further, this study suggests that more potent @entity9951 mimics could be synthesized by increasing base pairing in the loop region.

title: Supplementary site interactions are critical for the regulation of microsomal XXXX transfer protein by microRNA-30c.

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

answer: @entity412 :: (CHEBI:17855,Chemical) :: ['triglyceride']


abstract: Melasma is a common acquired disorder of @entity2117 . In this study we investigated the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment regimen including serial @entity25104 peels, topical @entity24402 cream and @entity15464 gel in the treatment of recalcitrant @entity1709 . Twenty-eight @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity1709 were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled trial lasting 20 weeks. The @entity1 of the group receiving chemical peels underwent serial @entity25104 peels in combination with topical @entity24402 20% cream (b.i.d.) and @entity15464 0.1% gel (q.i.d., applied at night). The control group received only topical treatment including topical @entity24402 and @entity15464 . The clinical improvement was assessed with the Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI) at baseline and monthly during the 20-week treatment period. The results showed a prominent decrease in MASI scores at the end of the treatment in both groups, although the results were better in the group receiving chemical peels (P=0.048). All @entity1 tolerated the topical agents well with minimal irritation observed in the first few weeks of the therapy. Three @entity1 in the @entity25104 peel group developed a mild-degree @entity2117 with total clearance at the end of the treatment period. Therefore, the present study suggests that combined treatment with serial @entity25104 peels, @entity24402 cream and @entity15464 gel should be considered as an effective and safe therapy in recalcitrant @entity1709 .

title: Efficacy and safety of serial XXXX peels and a topical regimen in the treatment of recalcitrant @entity1709 .

entities_list: @entity25104 :: ('MESH:C031149', 'Chemical') :: ['glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation', 'facial hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity24402 :: ('MESH:C010038', 'Chemical') :: ['azelaic acid']

entities_list: @entity15464 :: ('MESH:C063610', 'Chemical') :: ['adapalene']

answer: @entity25104 :: (MESH:C031149,Chemical) :: ['glycolic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Risk factors for blunt @entity130 (BCVI) may differ between @entity1 and adults, suggesting that @entity1 at low risk for BCVI after @entity130 receive unnecessary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and high-dose radiation. We previously developed a score for predicting pediatric BCVI based on retrospective cohort analysis. Our objective is to externally validate this prediction score with a retrospective multi-institutional cohort. We included @entity1 who underwent CTA for @entity130 at four pediatric Level I @entity130 centers. Each @entity1 in the validation cohort was scored using the "Utah Score" and classified as high or low risk. Before analysis, we defined a misclassification rate <25% as validating the Utah Score. Six hundred forty-five @entity1 (mean age 8.6        5.4 years; 63.4% males) underwent screening for BCVI via CTA. The validation cohort was 411 @entity1 from three sites compared with the training cohort of 234 @entity1 . Twenty-two BCVIs (5.4%) were identified in the validation cohort. The Utah Score was significantly associated with BCVIs in the validation cohort (odds ratio 8.1 [3.3, 19.8], p   <   0.001) and discriminated well in the validation cohort (area under the curve 72%). When the Utah Score was applied to the validation cohort, the sensitivity was 59%, specificity was 85%, positive predictive value was 18%, and negative predictive value was 97%. The Utah Score misclassified 16.6% of @entity1 in the validation cohort. The Utah Score for predicting BCVI in pediatric @entity130 @entity1 was validated with a low misclassification rate using a large, independent, multicenter cohort. Its implementation in the clinical setting may reduce the use of CTA in low-risk @entity1 .

title: Predicting Blunt XXXX in Pediatric @entity130 : Validation of the "Utah Score".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic cranial injury', 'trauma', 'cerebrovascular injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Cerebrovascular Injury']


abstract: @entity0 is the most commonly diagnosed @entity5 among @entity1 worldwide. High @entity0 incidence and mortality rates, especially in @entity28 @entity1 , emphasize the need for a better biological understanding of this disease. Previous studies provide substantial evidence for a vital role of the local extracellular environment in multiple steps of @entity5 progression, including proliferation and invasion. Current evidence supports the role of adipocytes as an endocrine organ, which produces @entity134 hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, such as leptin. To further define the role of the mammary microenvironment on tumorigenesis, we have developed an adipose- @entity5 epithelial cell co-culture system designed to reproduce the in vivo mammary environment. We validate this model through use of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, a label-free vibrational imaging technique. CARS analysis demonstrates the sustained viability of the adipocytes, and that mammary @entity5 cell morphology parallels that of @entity5 in vivo. Also, characterized was the influence of mammary adipose tissue on @entity5 cell growth and migration. Adipose tissue co-cultured with mammary @entity5 epithelial cells, in the absence of any serum or supplemental growth factors, resulted in substantial increases in growth and migration of @entity5 cells. In conclusion, this novel co-culture system provides an ideal model to study epithelial-stromal interactions in the mammary gland. Understanding the relationship between adipose tissue, the most abundant and least studied component of the breast stroma and @entity5 epithelial cells is critical to clarifying the influence of @entity28 on the development, progression and prognosis of @entity0 .

title: An ex vivo co-culture model system to evaluate stromal-epithelial interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Both recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer are potent inducers of new tissue generation in models of normal dermal repair. However, their therapeutic targets include chronic wounds, which are frequently characterized by local tissue @entity519 . To explore the potential of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer to stimulate more clinically relevant repair, we created an @entity63 dermal wound on the @entity95 ear by ligating two of the arteries which feed the ear. Both recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer stimulated marked neovascularization of the wound (p < 0.0001), but only recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer accelerated and augmented granulation tissue formation (p = 0.01) and reepithelialization. This study is the first demonstration of a direct angiogenic effect of recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer in vivo. India ink perfusion coupled with endothelial cell-specific histochemistry showed that nearly all the neovessels in all wounds were functional, indicating rapid capillary morphogenesis. In the nonischemic (normal) @entity95 ear, recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB homodimer accelerated healing comparably, as expected. Higher doses of recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor also failed to elicit stimulatory effects in @entity63 wounds. These results indicate that differential responsiveness to growth factors is related to local tissue @entity519 , @entity7499 alone is an insufficient stimulus for repair. These data also suggest new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of chronic wounds.

title: Role of XXXX in growth factor responses: differential effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in an @entity63 wound model.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate using national data the role of surgeon laparoscopic caseload in determining outcome following elective laparoscopic @entity14 resection. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent an elective laparoscopic primary @entity14 resection between 2002 and 2008 were included from the Hospital Episode Statistics database. Surgeon teams were divided into tertiles according to the mean laparoscopic caseload per year. High volume corresponded to more than 12 laparoscopic procedures per year and low volume corresponded to seven or fewer procedures per year. Outcome measures were 30-day in-hospital mortality, @entity1700 ( @entity1700 ), 30-day medical morbidity, 365-day medical morbidity, length of stay (LOS), and unplanned 28-day readmission. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the number of surgeons selecting @entity1 for the laparoscopic approach between 2002-2003 and 2007-2008. In 2002-2003, a total of 41 surgeon teams performed laparoscopic resections whereas in 2007-2008 there were 398 surgeon teams. The @entity1 of high-volume surgeon teams had a shorter LOS [OR 0.88 (0.85-0.91), p < 0.0001]. @entity1 of medium-volume surgeon teams had the highest medical morbidity rates [30-day medical morbidity: @entity43206 (1.04-1.48), p = 0.015; 365-day medical morbidity: @entity32787 (1.04-1.45), p = 0.018]. There were no differences between the high- and low-volume groups in terms of mortality, morbidity, @entity1700 , or readmission. CONCLUSION: Although there has been a significant increase in the number of surgeon teams offering the minimal access approach, this study has not found a consistent relationship between surgeon laparoscopic cancer surgery caseload and outcome. WHAT'S NEW IN THIS MANUSCRIPT: This is the first national study to explore the role of surgical volume in determining outcome following laparoscopic surgery. This study questions the impact of surgeon caseload on laparoscopic surgical outcome.

title: The role of caseload in determining outcome following laparoscopic XXXX resection: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['return to theatre', 'RTT']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Postembedding immunocytochemistry was used to localize @entity492 , @entity2227 , @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and @entity1160 in hippocampus and striatum during normo- and @entity4053 in @entity35 . In both brain regions, @entity4053 caused aspartatelike immunoreactivity to increase. In hippocampus, this increase was evident particularly in the terminals of known excitatory afferents-in @entity1246 -ergic neurons and myelinated axons. @entity492 was enriched along with @entity2227 in nerve terminals forming asymmetric synapses on spines and with @entity1246 in terminals forming symmetric synapses on granule and pyramidal cell bodies. In both types of terminal, @entity492 was associated with clusters of synaptic vesicles. @entity2227 and @entity1160 immunolabeling were markedly reduced in all tissue elements in both brain regions, but less in the terminals than in the dendrosomatic compartments of excitatory neurons. In glial cells, @entity1160 labeling showed only slight attenuation. The level of @entity1246 immunolabeling did not change significantly during @entity4053 . The results support the view that @entity2227 and @entity1160 are used as energy substrates in @entity4053 . Under these conditions both excitatory and inhibitory terminals are enriched with @entity492 , which may be released from these nerve endings and thus contribute to the @entity528 characteristic of @entity4053 .

title: Redistribution of neuroactive amino acids in hippocampus and striatum during XXXX : a quantitative immunogold study.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate', 'Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['pattern of neuronal death']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is now considered the standard of care by many centers in the treatment of both @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and @entity7145 . This study evaluates the effectiveness of a neoadjuvant CRT protocol, as regards pathological complete response (pCR) rate and long-term survival. METHODS: From 2003 to 2011, at Upper G.I. Surgery Division of Verona University, 155 consecutive @entity1 with locally advanced @entity418 (90 @entity957 , 65 @entity420 ) were treated with a single protocol of neoadjuvant CRT ( @entity1205 , @entity900 , and @entity1487 with 50.4  Gy of concurrent radiotherapy). Response to CRT was evaluated through percentage of pathological complete response (pCR or ypT0N0), overall (OS) and @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and pattern of relapse. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-one @entity1 (84.5  %) underwent surgery. Radical resection (R0) was achieved in 123 @entity1 (79.3  %), and pCR in 65 (41.9  %). Postoperative mortality was 0.7  % (one case). Five-year OS and @entity66 were respectively 43 and 49  % in the entire cohort, 52 and 59  % in R0 cases, and 72 and 81  % in pCR cases. Survival did not significantly differ between @entity957 and @entity420 , except for pCR cases. Forty-nine @entity1 suffered from relapse, which was mainly systemic in @entity420 . Only three out of 26 pCR @entity1 with previous @entity420 developed relapse, always systemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity1 treated with the present protocol achieve good survival and high pCR rate. Further research is necessary to evaluate whether surgery on demand is feasible in selected @entity1 , such as pCR @entity1 with @entity420 .

title: Neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX in a single high-volume center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DRS', 'disease-related survival']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) are at increased risk for @entity177 , @entity65 , and all-cause mortality. Accurate models are needed to predict the individual risk for these outcomes. PURPOSE: To systematically review risk prediction models for @entity177 , @entity65 , and @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity740 . DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search of English-language articles published from 1966 to November 2012. STUDY SELECTION: Cohort studies that examined adults with any stage of @entity740 who were not receiving dialysis and had not had a transplant; had at least 1 year of follow-up; and reported on a model that predicted the risk for @entity177 , @entity65 , or all-cause mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Reviewers extracted data on study design, population characteristics, modeling methods, metrics of model performance, risk of bias, and clinical usefulness. DATA SYNTHESIS: Thirteen studies describing 23 models were found. Eight studies (11 models) involved @entity177 , 5 studies (6 models) involved all-cause mortality, and 3 studies (6 models) involved @entity65 . Measures of estimated glomerular filtration rate or serum @entity1011 level were included in 10 studies (17 models), and measures of @entity644 were included in 9 studies (15 models). Only 2 studies (4 models) met the criteria for clinical usefulness, of which 1 study (3 models) presented reclassification indices with clinically useful risk categories. LIMITATION: A validated risk-of-bias tool and comparisons of the performance of different models in the same validation population were lacking. CONCLUSION: Accurate, externally validated models for predicting risk for @entity177 in @entity1 with @entity740 are available and ready for clinical testing. Further development of models for @entity65 and all-cause mortality is needed. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: None.

title: Risk prediction models for XXXX with @entity740 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The behavior of early @entity356 (EGC) with mixed-type histology (differentiated and undifferentiated) is incompletely understood. This study aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features of EGC with mixed-type histology in relation to lymph node (LN) @entity3 . METHODS: Clinicopathological data from 410 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for intramucosal EGC were reviewed. Lesions were classified into four types according to the proportion of differentiated and undifferentiated components at histopathology: @entity18130 ( @entity18130 ) type, @entity30483 ( @entity30483 ) type, mixed predominantly undifferentiated (MU) type, and pure undifferentiated (PU) type. We examined the clinicopathological differences between @entity18130 and @entity30483 , and between PU and MU, and the rate of LN @entity3 according to @entity5 size and @entity1066 . RESULTS: Moderately differentiated @entity420 was the primary component in @entity30483 relative to @entity18130 (90.7 vs. @entity19 %). @entity2580 was the main component in PU relative to MU (81.5 vs. 33.3 %). LN @entity3 was more common in MU than PU (19.0 vs. 6.0 %). For @entity5 larger than 20 mm without lymphovascular invasion and without @entity1066 , the rate of LN @entity3 was 0 % for @entity30483 and 24 % for MU. For @entity75 less than 30 mm with @entity1066 but without lymphovascular invasion, the rate of LN @entity3 was 0 % for @entity30483 and 20 % for MU. CONCLUSIONS: Histologically mixed-type EGC with a predominantly undifferentiated component should be managed as an @entity5 . Further investigation is required to determine whether mixed-type EGC with a predominantly differentiated component could be managed the same way as a differentiated-type EGC.

title: Risk of lymph node XXXX from intramucosal @entity356 in relation to histological types: how to manage the mixed histological type for endoscopic submucosal dissection.

entities_list: @entity30483 :: ('MESH:C563709', 'Disease') :: ['mixed predominantly differentiated', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intramucosal tumors', 'undifferentiated-type tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intramucosal lesions']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['Signet ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18130 :: ('MESH:C536289', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'pure differentiated']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The stability of an @entity1843 ( @entity1843 ) lesion of the humeral capitellum may be determined by intraoperative probing with unstable lesions being displaceable. Although preoperative imaging is used to diagnose and determine treatment of these lesions, it is unclear whether unstable lesions on imaging correspond to those found intraoperatively. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore examined the concordance between preoperative imaging and intraoperative instability and examined the imaging features of the @entity1 who healed without surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 61 @entity1 who underwent @entity1843 of the humeral capitellum surgery or nonoperative treatment. All @entity1 had plain radiography, MRI, and/or CT scans. The presence or absence of stability was determined intraoperatively by the International Cartilage Repair Society @entity1843 classification. We determined the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of various imaging findings to predict instability. RESULTS: The following preoperative imaging features were associated with intraoperative instability: a displaced fragment, epiphyseal closure of the capitellum, or a lateral epicondyle observed on radiographs; irregular contours of the articular surface or a high signal interface on T2-weighted MRI; and a displaced fragment observed on CT. Unstable lesions were more common when the epiphysis of the capitellum was closed. Intralesional segmentation was sensitive for detecting an unstable lesion, whereas displaced type on the radiographs and displaced fragment on the CT were specific. The following imaging findings were not seen in nonoperative @entity1 : displaced type and closure of the epiphyseal line on radiographs, irregular contours of the articular surface, articular defects, and T2 high signal intensity interface between the fragments and their bed on the MRI or a displaced fragment on the CT. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found high sensitivity for some preoperative findings on imaging, none reached 100% of sensitivity. Preoperative MRI related to the intraoperative assessment of stability. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Preoperative imaging criteria for unstable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1843 :: ('MESH:D010008', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondritis dissecans', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1843 :: (MESH:D010008,Disease) :: ['osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recruitment to the skin of drug-responsive T cells is responsible for the inflammatory profiles of non-immediate @entity56 (niDHRs). @entity1910 ( @entity1910 ) and @entity6715 ( @entity6715 )/toxic @entity6715 ( @entity137 ) have quite distinct T cell infiltrating patterns. OBJECTIVE: To investigate serum levels of @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity379 in @entity1 with niDHRs, including @entity1910 and @entity6715 / @entity137 , to evaluate correlations between the cytokines, and to determine whether the inflammatory factors correlate with clinical severity in @entity1 with @entity6715 / @entity137 . METHOD: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity6715 / @entity137 , 24 @entity1 with @entity1910 , and 24 healthy donors with good tolerance to the drugs involved in the drug reactions were recruited into the study. The modified severity-of-illness score for @entity137 (SCORTEN) and detachment of body surface area (dBSA) were used to assess the clinical severity of @entity6715 / @entity137 . Serum levels of @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity3027 were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The niDHRs group, @entity6715 / @entity137 and @entity1910 subgroups all exhibited significantly higher levels of @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity379 compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Serum @entity379 levels were positively correlated with @entity373 levels and @entity371 levels in @entity1 with niDHRs (rs = 0.576, rs = 0.449, P < 0.05). None of the levels of @entity373 , @entity371 and @entity379 had any correlation with modified SCOTEN index or dBSA in @entity6715 / @entity137 group. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest Th1 cytokine @entity379 and chemokines @entity373 and @entity371 may play roles in the pathogenesis of niDHRs.

title: Serum @entity379 -inducible chemokines XXXX and @entity371 are elevated in non-immediate @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal necrolysis', 'SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['Maculopapular exanthema', 'MPE']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['drug hypersensitivity reactions']

answer: @entity373 :: (4283,Gene) :: ['CXCL9']


abstract: 1. Concentrations of biliary and serum @entity3645 , their molecular compositions and serum @entity165 concentrations were determined in chicks at 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks of age. 2. The concentration of biliary @entity6741 was maximal at 3 to 4 weeks, decreasing by 6 weeks of age. 3. The serum concentration of @entity6741 was maximal at three weeks of age. 4. Serum total @entity165 increased from two weeks and was maximal at 6 weeks of age. 5. @entity10140 was the predominant biliary unconjugated @entity6741 . 6. @entity23221 and @entity7362 were the dominant molecular species of biliary and serum conjugated @entity6741 .

title: Changes in the concentration and composition of biliary and serum XXXX in the young domestic fowl.

entities_list: @entity23221 :: ('MESH:D013655', 'Chemical') :: ['Tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['tauro-cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity10140 :: ('MESH:D002635', 'Chemical') :: ['Chenodeoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3645 :: (MESH:D001647,Chemical) :: ['bile acids']


abstract: Evaluation of specific lymphocyte subsets is important in understanding the microenvironment in @entity5 and holds promise as a prognostic parameter in invasive @entity0 . To address this, we used digital image analysis to integrate cell abundance, distance metrics, neighbourhood relationships and sample heterogeneity into comprehensive assessment of immune infiltrates. Lymphocyte and macrophage subpopulations were detected by chromogenic duplex immunohistochemistry for CD3/perforin and @entity469 / @entity11772 in samples of invasive @entity0 . The analysis workflow combined commercial and open-source software modules. We confirmed the accuracy of automated detection of cells with lymphoid morphology [concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), 0.92 for CD3(+) -T lymphocytes], whereas variable morphology limited automated classification of macrophages as distinct cellular objects (CCC, 0.43 for object-based detection; 0.79 for pixel-based area analysis). Using a supervised learning algorithm that clustered image areas according to lymphocyte abundance, grouping behaviour and distance to @entity5 cells, we identified recurrent infiltration patterns reflecting different grades of direct interaction between @entity5 and immune effector cells. The approach provided comprehensive visual and statistical assessment of the inflammatory @entity5 microenvironment and allowed quantitative estimation of heterogeneous immune cell distribution. Cases with dense lymphocytic infiltrates (8/33) contained up to 65% of areas in which observed distances between @entity5 and immune cells suggested a low chance of direct contact, indicating the presence of regions where @entity5 cells might be protected from immune attack. In contrast, cases with moderate (11/33) or low (14/33) lymphocyte density occasionally comprised areas of focally intense interaction, likely not to be captured by conventional scores. Our approach improves the conventional evaluation of immune cell density scores by translating objective distance metrics into reproducible, largely observer-independent interaction patterns.

title: Combat or surveillance? Evaluation of the heterogeneous XXXX microenvironment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['inflammatory breast cancer']


abstract: The mRNA levels for four types of @entity8580 phospholipid-specific phospholipase C (PLC) in various tissues and cell cultures have been studied by Northern analysis using cDNA probes for PLC isozyme I, II, and III [Sue, P.-G., Ryu, S.H., Moon, K.H., Sue, H.W., and Rhee, S.G. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 5419-5423 and Cell 54, 161-169], and the recently identified isozyme IV. All four types are ubiquitously expressed in @entity35 tissues, but the levels of the mRNAs vary among tissues and cell lines. @entity38628 mRNA levels are extremely high in brain and @entity35 C6 @entity11 cells with lower levels in other tissues tested. @entity38629 have a more widespread distribution, with relatively high levels in brain, lung, spleen, thymus, and testis in the case of @entity7985 , and in skeletal muscle, spleen, and testis for @entity20614 . @entity38629 mRNAs were also detected in all cell lines examined except @entity1 promyelocytic HL60 cells. @entity27420 mRNA levels are extraordinarily high in spleen and HL60 cells. These results indicate that @entity35 C6 @entity11 cells, together with most @entity35 tissues, contain all four PLC isozymes. Other cultured cell types examined also contain two or three PLC isozymes except for HL60 cells, which contain only @entity27420 . The concomitant expression of PLC isozymes in cultured cells suggests a diverse function for PLC isozymes in single cells.

title: Tissue- and cell type-specific expression of mRNAs for four types of XXXX phospholipid-specific phospholipase C.

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

answer: @entity8580 :: (MESH:D007294,Chemical) :: ['inositol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery is commonly associated with @entity551 and @entity390 and @entity391 , and preload with crystalloid or colloid solution is widely recommended. Low-dose spinal via the combined spinal-epidural technique appears to cause less @entity551 and @entity390 and @entity391 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether the combined use of colloid preload and combined spinal-epidural technique might further reduce the rates of these symptoms. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery were randomly allocated to one of four groups (50 in each) to receive crystalloid preload before spinal anesthesia, colloid preload before spinal anesthesia, crystalloid preload before combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, and colloid preload before combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The incidences of @entity551 and @entity390 and @entity391 were compared. Spinal anesthesia was performed with 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 9 mg and @entity3575 20 microg, and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric @entity1341 6 mg + @entity3575 20 microg followed by epidural injection of 0.25% @entity1341 10 mL. RESULTS: The frequencies of @entity551 were 44%, 18%, 24%, and 20% in crystalloid preload-spinal anesthesia, colloid preload-spinal anesthesia, crystalloid preload-combined spinal epidural anesthesia, and colloid preload-combined spinal epidural anesthesia groups, respectively. The frequencies of @entity390 and @entity391 were 20%, 2%, 8%, and 4% in respective groups. CONCLUSION: Colloid preload and low-dose spinal anesthesia alone or in combination lowered the incidences of @entity551 and @entity390 . However, the combination of two methods failed to demonstrate further decreases in the incidence of the symptoms compared to the colloid-spinal anesthesia or crystalloid-combined spinal-epidural anesthesia groups.

title: A randomized trial of crystalloid versus colloid solution for prevention of XXXX during spinal or low-dose combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery.

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']