abstract: The influence of vasodilators with varying mechanisms of action on pressor responses mediated by alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors was investigated in chronically instrumented, conscious @entity235 . After ganglionic, cholinergic and beta adrenergic blockade, equipressor doses of @entity2647 (0.6 microgram/kg i.v.), a selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor agonist, and @entity1882 933 (20 micrograms/kg i.v.) a selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, were administered before and in the presence of infusions of @entity594 (0.25-2.0 micrograms/kg/min), @entity7976 (4.0-32.0 micrograms/kg/min) or @entity1242 (1.0-8.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 produced a dose-related attenuation of the increase in mean arterial pressure after bolus administration of @entity2647 (from 26 +/- 1 to 7 +/- 1 mm Hg) and @entity1882 933 (from 29 +/- 2 to 5 +/- 1 mm Hg). @entity7976 did not affect @entity2647 -mediated pressor responses but significantly attenuated those to @entity1882 933 (28 +/- 2 to 10 +/- 1 mm Hg). In contrast, @entity1242 had no effect on either @entity2647 or @entity1882 933-mediated responses. In additional experiments after autonomic nervous system blockade, multiple doses of @entity2647 (0.6, 1.25 and 2.5 micrograms/kg i.v.) and @entity1882 933 (10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg i.v.) were administered before and after i.v. infusions of @entity594 (1.0 microgram/kg/min) or @entity7976 (16.0 micrograms/kg/min). @entity594 significantly decreased the pressor responses to all doses of @entity2647 and @entity1882 933. In contrast, the attenuation from control of alpha-2-mediated increases in arterial pressure by @entity7976 was partially overcome at higher doses (40 micrograms/kg) of @entity1882 933.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differential effects of @entity594 , @entity7976 and @entity1242 on the pressor responses elicited by selective alpha-1 and alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine', 'Nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil', 'Nicorandil']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: CONTEXT: Painful @entity3136 is an almost inevitable side effect of radiotherapy of @entity135 that simultaneous chemotherapy intensifies and that is notoriously difficult to treat. In a previous study, chemotherapy-induced @entity3136 in @entity1 undergoing bone marrow transplantation responded well to the @entity4889 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Traumeel S in the management of radiation-induced @entity3136 in @entity1 with @entity135 . DESIGN: The research team designed a nonrandomized, prospective, observational study with matched pairs. SETTING: The research team performed the study in a tertiary @entity5 -care center at the Institute of Radiotherapy and Special Oncology, Medical School Hanover, Germany. @entity1 : The @entity1 were 20 @entity1 who were receiving radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy for @entity135 . INTERVENTION: Five times per day during the observational period, @entity1 self-administered daily mouth rinses with either sage tea (Salvia officinalis, control group) or @entity30034 solution (intervention group). OUTCOME MEASURES: Two independent physicians determined the grade of @entity3136 at least once per week, and the research team derived the degree of @entity158 from diaries that @entity1 kept. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable in terms of @entity5 and treatment characteristics. The research team could not confirm any appreciable specific effect of Traumeel S on the primary endpoints; the limited reduction in @entity158 for the intervention group compared to the control group was not significant, and the more frequent analgesia in the Traumeel S group most likely explained that reduction. Among the secondary endpoints, loss of taste and swallowing difficulty responded to Traumeel S to some extent. CONCLUSIONS: Traumeel S may have some potential in the treatment of radiation-induced @entity3136 , but its possible effects need confirmation by further studies. This article discusses some methodological requirements.

title: Effect of Traumeel S on XXXX and discomfort in radiation-induced @entity3136 : a preliminary observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis', 'stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['homeopathic complex remedy Traumeel S']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity30034 :: ('MESH:C433370', 'Chemical') :: ['Traumeel S']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the efficacy over a short period of time of two ceruminolytic products, Otocerum ( @entity31142 , @entity3971 , @entity18409 essence, @entity1068 ; Reig Jofre Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain) and Taponoto ( @entity31143 , @entity1068 , @entity653 , @entity4745 ; Teofarma Iberica SA, Barcelona), in adult subjects with complete occlusion of the ear canal due to cerumen. METHODS: Ninety subjects with complete occlusion of the ear canal were enrolled in a randomized, subject- and observer-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three different treatments: Otocerum, Taponoto, or sterile saline solution (control group). The test medication was instilled into an occluded ear for 15 minutes. After this treatment, the subject's ear was irrigated with 50 mL of water. The main outcome was the proportion of tympanic membranes completely visualized after treatment. RESULTS: One subject among the 90 enrolled did not accept a second ear irrigation and was excluded from the study. Neither Otocerum nor Taponoto was superior to saline solution. Cerumen occlusion resolved in 21 of 32 subjects treated with Otocerum (65.6%), 16 of 29 treated with Taponoto (55.2%), and 12 of 28 treated with saline solution (42.9%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of Taponoto or Otocerum did not significantly improve the proportion of tympanic membranes that were completely visualized compared with saline solution when they were instilled 15 minutes before ear irrigation.

title: Randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of @entity31142 , XXXX , and irrigation in cerumen removal.

entities_list: @entity31143 :: ('MESH:C037593', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium carbonate']

entities_list: @entity31142 :: ('MESH:D002724', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorobutanol']

entities_list: @entity18409 :: ('MESH:D014425', 'Chemical') :: ['turpentine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl alcohol']

answer: @entity31143 :: (MESH:C037593,Chemical) :: ['potassium carbonate']


abstract: @entity7457 ( @entity7457 ) is a transcription factor that plays a role in the development and physiology of the thyroid and lungs. Expression of @entity7457 is used as a marker of lung and thyroid clinically. Commercially available clones of @entity7457 monoclonal antibodies, 8G7G3/1 and SPT24, have been reported to have different sensitivities for the detection of @entity5 of different origins. Although they are used extensively in daily practice, a comprehensive comparative study of these antibodies in a wide variety of @entity5 is lacking. We examined @entity7457 expression in @entity5 of the lung, prostrate, pancreas, stomach, salivary glands, breast, bladder, colon, and @entity957 of the @entity135 and compared the results obtained with both @entity7457 clones. The SPT24 clone detected more primary @entity2 of all histologic subtypes. Importantly, the SPT24 clone detected a significantly higher number of @entity957 and @entity5 of the lung. Among nonpulmonary @entity5 , a significant number of invasive @entity150 (5.1%) was @entity7457 positive. In addition, a small proportion of prostate (1.2%), stomach (0.9%), salivary gland (1.8%), and @entity694 were positive with both clones. Of note, both clones stained the same @entity5 with similar intensity and distribution. @entity189 of the pancreas, breast, and @entity957 of the @entity135 were negative with both clones. In summary, the SPT24 clone detected a higher number of @entity1149 of all histologic subtypes whereas both clones stained a similar proportion of @entity5 .

title: Comparison of XXXX expression by 2 monoclonal antibodies in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nonpulmonary tumors', 'primary tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary non-small cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon (2.5%) carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7457 :: ('7080', 'Gene') :: ['TTF-1', 'Thyroid transcription factor-1']

answer: @entity7457 :: (7080,Gene) :: ['thyroid transcription factor-1']


abstract: The frequency of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) determined by the 125I-fibrinogen test and confirmed by phlebographic studies, is 20 to 30 % in high-risk @entity1 over the age of forty undergoing major surgery. Comparison of this figure with the incidence of clinically detected @entity715 (5 to 10 %) shows that physical signs are unreliable in the detection of this disease. The ultimate fate of these thrombi is unknown. The majority will probably disappear spontaneously; some will be responsible for the development of a " @entity6413 " in the extremities and some will propagate and may produce a fatal @entity358 . Besides the currently used physical methods of prophylaxis, some new pharmalogical techniques for the prevention of postoperative @entity1150 have been tested and advocated in neighbouring countries. Oral anticoagulants have been used routinely for many years by most Dutch surgeons but have never become very popular in other countries. They need extensive laboratory control and, in spite of this, up to 20 % overdosage bleedings have been recorded. As both the administration of low-dose subcutaneous heparin and IV dextran have been reported to provide effective prophylaxis against @entity1150 , we decided to study and compare their efficacy in a randomized clinical trial in order to assess their practical value in daily surgical practice. 119 adult @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery have been investigated. They have been devided at random in three groups : a dextran 40 group (n=39), a heparin group (n=39) and a control group (n=41 @entity1 ). @entity1150 was diagnosed by the fibrinogen uptake test in 21,9 % @entity1 in the control group in 12,8 % @entity1 in the dextran group, and in 10,2 % @entity1 in the heparin group. For the highrisk @entity1 over the age of 70, the administration of low dose SC heparin, as well as the administration of IV low molecular weight dextran significantly reduced the incidence of @entity1150 in the lower extremities (p less than 0.05). The dextran 40 and heparin groups were not significantly different. The techniques are simple and do not need laboratory control. No deleterious side effects have been noted. A large-scale multicentre international, clinical trial (4121 @entity1 ) recently showed that low-dose heparin prophylaxis not only lowered the incidence of postoperative deep-vein trombosis without severely augmenting the risk of @entity548 , but also significantly reduced the frequency of @entity1151 in the postoperative period. It is suggested that the administration of low-dose subcutaneous heparin should become a routine prophylactic measure in daily surgical practice.

title: [The case for more active prevention of XXXX after major surgery (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['fatal pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'deep venous thrombosis', 'postoperative DVT', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity6413 :: ('MESH:D038223', 'Disease') :: ['post-phlebitic syndrome']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']


abstract: Antenatal stimulation of lung growth is a reasonable approach to treat @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ), a disease characterized by @entity358 and @entity101 . Several evidences from the literature demonstrated a possible involvement of @entity3449 -angiotensin system (RAS) during fetal lung development. Thus, the expression pattern of @entity3449 , angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, type 1 ( @entity1605   ) @entity1605 ( @entity1605   ) receptors of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) was assessed by immunohisto-chemistry throughout gestation, whereas the function of RAS in the fetal lung was evaluated using fetal @entity35 lung explants. These were morphometrically analyzed and intracellular pathway alterations assessed by Western blot. In @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 model, pregnant @entity35 were treated with saline or @entity11083 . In pups, lung growth, protein/DNA ratio, radial saccular count, epithelial differentiation and lung maturation, vascular morphometry, right @entity123 and overload molecular markers, gasometry and survival time were evaluated. Results demonstrated that all RAS components were constitutively expressed in the lung during gestation and that @entity1808 had a stimulatory effect on lung branching, mediated by @entity1605    receptor, through @entity10861 /42 and Akt phosphorylation. This stimulatory effect on lung growth was mimicked by @entity1605   -antagonist ( @entity11083 ) treatment. In vivo antenatal @entity11083 treatment increased lung growth, ameliorated indirect parameters of @entity120 , improved lung function and survival time in nonventilated @entity2914 pups, without maternal or fetal deleterious effects. Therefore, this study demonstrated a local and physiologically active RAS during lung morphogenesis. Moreover, selective inhibition of @entity1605    receptor is presented as a putative antenatal therapy for @entity2914 .

title: Local fetal lung XXXX -angiotensin system as a target to treat @entity2914 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: 32 @entity1 (15 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 ) of between 15 and 28 years of age were examined in a prospective study using a staged @entity112 test and a running test. A special anamnesis was prepared. Following a methodic preliminary examination two methods of the exercise test were compared with one another in 16 @entity1 based on running freely and on the endless tape ergometer-in the form of a two-stage test with measurement of the heart rate. An anamnestic pointer was seen in each of 7 @entity1 with pronounced @entity6587 ; in moderate hyperreactivity only 1 out of 9 @entity1 had an anamnestic pointer. In 29 of 43 @entity1 , anamnesis and the result of the exercise test agreed. Of 9 @entity1 with exercise induced @entity565 , 3 had moderate hyperreactivity and 6 a very pronounced one. Free run and two-stage test on the endless tape yield the same result in respect of exercise induced @entity565 in all 16 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Anamnesis has a good predictive value in respect to exercise induced @entity565 . 2. This is confirmed: no exercise induced @entity565 without @entity6587 , but the former is not necessarily always a sequence of the latter. 3. It is possible to standardise the running test on the endless tape with definite load and estimation of the efficiency; however, the simple running test in which the @entity1 adjusts the load in accordance with his subjective feeling, is equally valid for arriving at a clinical diagnosis of exercise induced @entity565 .

title: [Anamnesis, inhalation histamine test and 2 stress tests in the diagnosis of exercise-induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: To explore patterns of symptoms before and after surgery for @entity5 . DESIGN: Longitudinal, descriptive study. SETTING: An urban comprehensive @entity5 center in the northeastern United States. SAMPLE: 218 @entity1 with @entity5 undergoing esophagectomy. METHODS: Symptoms were assessed by self-report before surgery, at the first postoperative visit, and at 6 and 12 months postsurgery. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Symptoms and demographic and clinical variables, including stage, treatment, gender, and comorbidities. FINDINGS: @entity1 with @entity418 reported numerous symptoms before and after esophagectomy. Several patterns of symptoms were identified. General @entity5 symptoms (e.g., @entity158 , cough, @entity1353 , weight loss) were reported as worse after surgery but recovered to baseline by one year. A second pattern of esophageal-specific symptoms (feeling full too quickly, feeling bloated, @entity390 , and @entity294 ) worsened after surgery and did not recover to baseline by one year. Reflux was the only symptom that did not worsen after surgery but did worsen significantly during the first year of recovery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity418 experienced multiple prolonged symptoms following surgical treatment for their disease. General @entity5 symptoms resolved by one year post-treatment, whereas esophageal-specific symptoms worsened after surgery and did not recover to baseline. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Identification of symptom patterns preoperatively and during recovery can assist nurses in developing intervention protocols to minimize long-term complications for @entity1 with @entity418 . KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION: @entity1 with @entity418 are at risk for multiple prolonged symptoms following surgery. Symptom assessment should occur often after surgery and include a broad range of symptoms.

title: Patterns of symptoms following surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the esophagus', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: This study was undertaken to clarify the role of @entity935 receptor (DA2) on the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) on blood pressure, plasma and urinary @entity8262 , and urinary @entity1372 excretion, alpha- @entity1 ANP (alpha-hANP) was intravenously administrated to 7 normal subjects and 14 @entity1 with essential @entity101 as follows: first a dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then 0.03 micrograms/kg/min with or without @entity1769 (MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of the 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP, systolic blood pressure fell from 115 +/- 17 mmHg to 109 +/- 15 mmHg in normal subjects, and fell significantly from 163 +/- 33 mmHg to 145 +/- 26 mmHg in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 +/- 14 mmHg to 92 +/- 7 mmHg in @entity1 with essential @entity101 but did not change in normal subjects. A dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min of alpha-hANP led to a threefold rise in urine volume and twofold rise in urinary @entity1372 excretion in normal subjects, and a fivefold rise in urine volume and fourfold rise in urinary @entity1372 excretion in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . However, there was no relationship between the @entity551 and natriuretic effects of alpha-hANP in either normal subjects or @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The infusion of a 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP increased plasma @entity8262 concentration from 4.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/ml to 34.3 +/- 25.Opmol/ml in normal subjects and from 4.5 +/- 2.6 pmol/ml to 20.3 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml in @entity1 with essential @entity101 . The rise in plasma @entity8262 by alpha-hANP was suppressed by MC both in normal subjects and @entity1 with essential @entity101 . Urinary @entity8262 excretion also increased during the infusion of alpha-hANP, but this effect was not suppressed by MC. Furthermore, plasma @entity1369 concentration (PAC), which was depressed by alpha-hANP in normal subjects and @entity1 with essential @entity101 , was increased by MC. These results suggest that the @entity551 effect of alpha-hANP may depend not only on the natriuretic effect, but also on vasodilatation, the inhibition of @entity1369 production or the suppression of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. @entity8262 may be produced through the DA2 receptor in vascular tissue but not in the kidney.

title: [The significance of cGMP and XXXX receptor on the natriuretic and @entity551 activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential @entity101 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensions']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic GMP', 'cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The few available studies directly comparing @entity5827 and septic joint revision surgery report conflicting results. We investigated whether two-stage revision of septic hip prosthesis with a preformed antibiotic-loaded spacer and an uncemented prosthesis provides hip function and quality of life similar to those provided by @entity5827 revision surgery in the medium term, as well as the associated direct hospital costs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the hip function (Harris hip score) and quality of life (WOMAC and SF-12 scores) of 80 @entity1 who underwent one-stage revision for @entity1349 (Group A, 40 @entity1 ) or two-stage revision for septic total hip prostheses (Group S, 40 @entity1 ). @entity1 were matched for gender, age, and @entity604 . A preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer was used for two-stage revision, and uncemented modular prostheses were implanted at revision in both groups. The minimum follow-up was 2  years (average 4  years; range 2-6  years). RESULTS: We found no difference in infection recurrence or @entity1349 rate in the two groups. Average Harris hip score increased similarly in both groups: from 19.1 to 74.0 in Group A versus 15.0-71.2 in Group S. @entity1 -reported quality-of-life questionnaires (SF-12 and WOMAC) at last follow-up were similar postoperatively, but the complication rate for Group S was twice that of Group A (20.8 versus 10%). Mean overall hospital-related costs of two-stage procedures were 2.2 times greater than those for @entity5827 revisions. CONCLUSIONS: Two-stage revision for infected hip prostheses, using a preformed antibiotic-loaded cement spacer and uncemented revision prosthesis, offers a success rate comparable to noninfected revisions in the medium term but is associated with a higher complication rate and costs.

title: Septic versus XXXX hip revision: how different?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity5827 :: (MESH:D008582,Disease) :: ['aseptic']


abstract: @entity5310 is a @entity74 due to abnormal proliferation and infiltration of mast cells in different tissues, primarily the skin and the bone marrow. @entity20145 is often benign and regresses spontaneously. @entity262 is a @entity102 in which some types are indolent but other types such as @entity17587 are very aggressive. Pathogenesis of @entity262 involves a somatic mutation of the gene coding for the c-kit receptor, the most frequent mutation being @entity5311 . Diagnostic criteria have been established by the WHO using histopathological, molecular and biochemical parameters. Treatment of @entity262 remains a challenge for the clinician due to @entity66 . There is, in addition, a lack of a standard and efficient treatment. New targeted therapies with @entity669 kinase inhibitors directed against the c-kit receptor are currently being studied, with the purpose to act specifically on the " primum movens "of the disease. The current review provides an overview of pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and classification of cutaneous and @entity262 . We also discuss the prognosis and the different treatments currently available according to the sub-type of @entity5310 .

title: [ XXXX : revisited with new cytogenetic data].

entities_list: @entity20145 :: ('MESH:D034701', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['variability and complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis', 'Mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity17587 :: ('MESH:D007946', 'Disease') :: ['mast cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic mastocytosis', 'systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['heterogenous disorder']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5310 :: (MESH:D008415,Disease) :: ['Mastocytosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2799 , an uncommon and devastating subtype of @entity1778 , is highly prevalent in Latin American populations. The disease may be detected by a dentist since oral signs are often the initial manifestation. However, despite several cases describing oral manifestations of @entity2799 and genetic analysis, reports of @entity2799 in Hispanic populations are scarce. The identification of third @entity158 as an initial clinical manifestation is also uncommon. This is the first known case involving these particular features. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old Latin American @entity1 without relevant antecedents consulted a dentist for @entity158 in his third molar. After two dental extractions, the @entity1 experienced @entity158 , poor healing, @entity89 and @entity548 . A physical examination later revealed that the @entity1 had @entity89 , ecchymoses and @entity548 . Laboratory findings showed pancytopaenia, @entity3459 times, hypoalbuminaemia and elevated @entity880 dehydrogenase. @entity381 was detected on ultrasonography. Peripheral blood and bone marrow analyses revealed a hypercellular infiltrate of atypical promyelocytic cells. Cytogenetic analysis showing genetic translocation t(15;17) further confirmed @entity2799 . Despite early chemotherapy, the @entity1 died within one week due to @entity510 secondary to disseminated @entity5642 . CONCLUSION: The description of this unusual presentation of @entity2799 , the diagnostic difficulties and the fatal outcome are particularly directed toward dental surgery practitioners to emphasise the importance of clinical assessment and preoperative evaluation as a minimal clinically-oriented routine. This case may also be of particular interest to haematologists, since the @entity1 's cytogenetic analysis, clinical course and therapeutic response are well documented.

title: Rapidly progressing, XXXX that initially manifested as a painful third molar: a case report.

entities_list: @entity2799 :: ('MESH:D015473', 'Disease') :: ['acute promyelocytic leukaemia', 'Acute promyelocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['gingival haemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['delayed coagulation']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jaw enlargement', 'pallor, jaw enlargement']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain', 'pain', 'molar pain']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

answer: @entity2799 :: (MESH:D015473,Disease) :: ['fatal and acute promyelocytic leukaemia']


abstract: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is not widely used in the work-up of @entity75 because of concerns regarding its high incidence of nondiagnostic specimens. Although several studies have shown that FNA is less expensive than surgical biopsy, the authors are aware of only one prior study evaluating the cost effectiveness of FNA, which includes the cost of incisional or core needle biopsies necessary to establish a diagnosis when the initial FNA was noncontributory. A computerized search of the pathology records of three medical centers was performed to obtain all FNAs of @entity75 . For each FNA case, all subsequent core needle, incisional or excisional biopsies were recorded as was the result of the definitive operative procedure. The cost of obtaining the definitive diagnosis was calculated for each case including the cost of FNA, imaging guidance utilized, and cost of subsequent surgical biopsy when necessary. The cost of an alternate approach using only surgical biopsy was calculated. The average per @entity1 costs of these two protocols were compared.A total of 165 primary @entity3478 underwent FNA. One hundred six of these yielded a definitive cytologic diagnosis. In 59 cases, FNA yielded a result insufficient for definitive therapy necessitating surgical biopsy. FNA investigation of the 165 @entity79 cost 575,932 (average of 3,490 per @entity1 ). Surgical biopsy alone would have cost 5,760 per @entity1 . FNA resulted in a cost savings of 2,215 per @entity1 .

title: Fine-needle aspiration of XXXX : A cost effectiveness study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osseous lesions', 'primary osseous lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['primary osseous lesions']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity17995 ( @entity17995 ) occurs commonly in perineum, vulva and perineal region and is considered as a @entity74 due to different clinical and histological features. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 61 years old @entity1 had a dermatologic evaluation for anal itch and underwent a skin biopsy with diagnostic of @entity4261 in perianal region. Pelvic magnetic resonance showed a huge @entity5 which involved skin, derma and gluteus and she firstly refused any surgical treatment. One year later, because of increasing of the @entity5 and @entity548 , she underwent the surgical procedure with a complete excision, resection of the skin of the anus, inguinal lymphadenectomy and left colostomy. Because of lymph nodes @entity3 , a VLS Miles was sequentially performed. She started oncological follow up that showed liver, lung and pelvic @entity3 . She survived for 24 months after surgery. DISCUSSION: In literature, less than 200 cases of perineal @entity4261 have been reported. @entity17995 in some cases has an associated @entity420 , which has been associated with a worse prognosis and high mortality. Wrong diagnosis and a superficial consideration of a benign evolution should be considered as the first mistake in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: Our surgical approach is considered in literature as the best one for those cases, followed by the oncological treatment. Those @entity1 need to be better studied and more attention should be paid to the clinical presentation.

title: Perineal XXXX : A rare disorder and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ['Paget disease', "Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['complex disorder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity17995 :: ('MESH:D010145', 'Disease') :: ['EMPD', "Extramammary Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate assessment and therapy. A @entity1 suffering from @entity697 often presents with an insignificant or irrelevant medical history, giving rise to possible misdiagnosis. The aim of this retrospective study is to address the problem of misdiagnosing @entity195 and the different imaging studies used. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2004, 49 @entity1 (41 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 , aged from 18-75 years old) presented to the Emergency Department of our hospital for different reasons and finally diagnosed with @entity697 . Fifteen of those @entity1 suffered from @entity101 , one from @entity226 and another @entity1 from @entity1614 . The diagnosis of @entity697 was made by chest X-ray, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT), transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and coronary angiography. RESULTS: Initial misdiagnosis occurred in fifteen @entity1 (31%) later found to be suffering from @entity697 . The misdiagnosis was @entity583 in 12 @entity1 and @entity385 in another three @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity1580 may present with a variety of clinical manifestations, like @entity1163 , @entity662 , @entity1696 , @entity51 , @entity158 , or acute @entity712 . Nearly a third of the @entity1 found to be suffering from @entity195 , were initially otherwise diagnosed. Key in the management of acute @entity1580 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for this diagnosis.

title: XXXX : be aware of misdiagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute aortic dissection', 'AAD']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pulse deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain, back pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic dissection', 'aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute aortic dissection']


abstract: The association of electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities with @entity65 and risk factors has been extensively studied in whites and African-Americans. Comparable data have not been reported in Hispanics/Latinos. The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) is a multicenter, community-based, prospective cohort study of @entity1 and @entity1 of diverse backgrounds aged 18 to 74 years who self-identified as Hispanic/Latinos. @entity1 (n = 16,415) enrolled from March 2008 to June 2011. We describe the prevalence of minor and major @entity854 and examined their cross-sectional associations with @entity65 and risk factors. The Minnesota code criteria were used to define minor and major @entity854 . Previous @entity65 and risk factors were based on data obtained at baseline examination. Significant differences in prevalent ECG findings were found between @entity1 and @entity1 . Major @entity854 were present in 9.2% (95% confidence interval 8.3 to 10.1) of @entity1 and 6.6% (95% confidence interval 5.8 to 7.3) of @entity1 (p <0.0001). The odds of having major @entity854 significantly increased with age, presence of >= 3 cardiovascular risk factors, and prevalent @entity65 , in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Significant differences in major @entity854 were found among the varying groups; Puerto Ricans and Dominicans had more @entity854 compared with Mexican @entity1 and @entity1 . In conclusion, in a large cohort of Hispanic/Latino @entity1 and @entity1 , prevalence of @entity854 was low, yet strong associations of major @entity854 with @entity65 and risk factors were observed in both @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and their association with underlying XXXX and risk factors in Hispanics/Latinos (from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['major abnormalities', 'ECG abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a common complication to @entity14 and surgical treatment is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Stenting has emerged as an alternative to surgery. The aim of this study was to compare short-term morbidity, mortality and hospital stay between treatment with self-expandable metallic stent and emergency surgery performed at our department during a 5-year period in a non-randomized setting. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity694 referred to the Endoscopic Unit or Surgical Department for insertion of a colonic stent between 1 August 2003 and 1 August 2008 were prospectively registered and followed (n = 112). A control group was identified using the hospital records of operations with the International Classification Code-10 (ICD-10) for @entity1744 and @entity14 (n = 60). Age, gender, indication, preoperative investigations, surgical procedure, complications and procedure-related mortality were registered. @entity1 were followed in accordance with local guidelines. RESULTS: The complication rate was similar in the two groups, although there was a trend toward a higher number of severe complications in the surgical group. The hospital stay was significantly lower in the stent group, median of 4 vs. 9 days (p < 0.0001). The procedure-related mortality was lower in the stent group; 7% vs. 20% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Stenting can be safely performed with lower or similar complication rate and lower mortality rate compared to surgery and results in significantly shorter hospital stay. The results support stenting as the treatment of choice in @entity1 with acute @entity694 , especially in disseminated disease.

title: Stenting for @entity14 compared to surgery--a study of consecutive XXXX in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic obstruction', 'colonic obstruction due to rectal or colon cancer', 'colonic obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated, using a regional California @entity5 Registry database, that Asian ethnicity is an independent favorable prognostic factor for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: Retrospective population-based analysis of Korean and @entity10479 white @entity1 with @entity1149 with known smoking status from Samsung @entity5 Center, Seoul, South Korea, and a Southern California Regional @entity5 Registry between 1998 and 2005 with follow-up through February 2008 to allow for even case ascertainment periods before and after 2002, when @entity470 @entity669 kinase inhibitors were introduced in Korea and considered as the year of reference. RESULTS: A total of 4622 Korean and 8846 @entity10479 white @entity1 were analyzed. Median age of diagnosis was 63 years versus 71 years for Korean and white @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.0001). A total of 34.5% of Korean compared with 8.2% white @entity1 were never-smokers. There was significant @entity1349 improvement in never-smokers when compared with ever-smokers among either Korean @entity1 (p < 0.0141) or @entity10479 white (p < 0.0397), respectively. There was significant improvement in @entity1349 among Korean @entity1 from 2002 to 2005 compared with 1998-2001 (p < 0.0001) but not among @entity10479 white @entity1 (p = 0.5641). Except for stage II @entity1 (p = 0.0723), univariate analysis revealed Korean @entity1 had improved @entity1349 compared with @entity10479 white @entity1 among stages I, III, and IV, respectively (all p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed Korean ethnicity (versus white; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.869; p < 0.0001) was an independent favorable factor for @entity1349 . The adjusted HR for @entity1349 Korean ethnicity when compared with white ethnicity improved during 2002-2005 (HR = 0.795; p < 0.0001) compared with 1998-2001 (HR = 0.889; p = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that Korean ethnicity compared with @entity10479 white ethnicity is an independent favorable prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1149 . In addition, greater survival benefit among Korean @entity1 with @entity1149 was noted in the postepidermal growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity7971 (2002 and after) compared with @entity10479 white ethnicity.

title: Korean ethnicity as compared with white ethnicity is an independent favorable prognostic factor for @entity1349 in @entity1149 before and after the oral XXXX @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity7971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Physiochemical properties of biomaterials play critical roles in dictating types of cell behaviour. In this study, a series of @entity4351 (PCL)-derived polymers bearing different small chemical groups was employed as a platform to evaluate chondrogenesis of different cell types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin films were prepared by spin-coating PCL derivatives. @entity95 articular chondrocytes (rACs) and @entity95 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were seeded on to the films, and cell adhesion, proliferation, extracellular matrix production and gene expression were evaluated. RESULTS: The presence of hydrophilic groups (- @entity2733 , - @entity1473 , - @entity2145 and -C=O) promoted adhesion and proliferation of primary rACs and rMSCs. On these polymeric films, chondrogenesis of primary rACs depended on culture time. For passaged cells, re-differentiation was induced on these films by chondrogenic induction, but less for cells of passage 5 compared to passage 3. While films with hydrophilic groups favoured chondrocytic gene expression of both types of passaged cells, production of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was similar for those of passage 3 on all films, and PCL- @entity5498 film better supported GAG production for cells of passage 5. Under chondrogenic conditions, rMSCs were more efficient at GAG production on PCL and PCL- @entity2733 films. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that different cells displayed distinct responses to substrate surface chemistry, implying that cell-biomaterial interactions can be developmental stage dependent. This provides a novel perspective for developing biomaterials for cartilage regeneration.

title: XXXX -based substrates bearing pendant small chemical groups as a platform for systemic investigation of chondrogenesis.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'Rabbit']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(  -caprolactone)']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['Poly(  -caprolactone)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine prevalences of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and comprehensive patterns of comorbidities among @entity146 @entity1 ages 18-64 years (N  =  40,099) in an electronic health records (EHR) database. METHOD: DSM-IV diagnoses among @entity146 @entity1 in a large university system were systematically captured: @entity734 , @entity148 ( @entity195 ), @entity1316 ( @entity1316 ), personality ( @entity1726 ), adjustment, childhood-onset, cognitive/ @entity303 , dissociative, eating, factitious, impulse-control, @entity716 ( @entity161 ), sexual/gender identity, sleep, and somatoform diagnoses. Comorbidities and treatment types among @entity1 with a @entity734 were examined. RESULTS: Among all @entity1 , 24.9% (n  =  9984) had a @entity734 , with blacks (35.2%) and Hispanics (32.9%) showing the highest prevalence. Among @entity1 with a @entity734 , @entity1316 was prevalent across all age groups (50.2-56.6%). @entity1 aged 18-24 years had elevated odds of comorbid @entity1726 , adjustment, childhood-onset, impulse-control, @entity716 , and eating diagnoses. Females had more @entity1726 , @entity195 , @entity1316 , eating, and somatoform diagnoses, while males had more childhood-onset, impulse-control, and @entity716 diagnoses. Blacks had greater odds than whites of @entity716 and cognitive/ @entity303 diagnoses, while whites exhibited elevated odds of PA, @entity195 , @entity1316 , childhood-onset, eating, somatoform, and sleep diagnoses. @entity1 , blacks, and Native American/multiple-race adults had elevated odds of using inpatient treatment; @entity1 , blacks, and Hispanics had increased odds of using @entity146 emergency care. Comorbid @entity1316 , @entity1726 , adjustment, somatoform, @entity716 , or cognitive/ @entity303 diagnoses increased inpatient treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a @entity734 , especially minority members, use more inpatient or @entity146 emergency care than those without. Findings provide evidence for research on understudied diagnoses and underserved populations in the real-world clinical settings.

title: Using electronic health records data to assess comorbidities of substance use and XXXX diagnoses and treatment settings among adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance use disorders', 'SUD']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors for developing avascular filtering blebs after primary fornix-based trabeculectomy with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ). METHODS: One-year observational case series. Ninety eyes of 90 @entity1 who underwent primary trabeculectomy with MMC and a fornix-based conjunctival flap were examined. The appearance of the filtering bleb was classified at the last examination into 2 groups: vascular @entity4530 . Potential predictors that were entered into the model were age at surgery, sex, @entity726 diagnosis, @entity2790 (IOP), number of antiglaucoma medications before surgery, use of topical steroid before surgery, duration of MMC application, laser suturolysis, excessive filtration, combination with @entity231 surgery, and needling revision. IOP was evaluated at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: @entity4530 were seen in 28 eyes (31%) at 12 months. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the risk factors for developing @entity4530 after primary fornix-based trabeculectomy included secondary @entity726 [odds ratio (OR)=3.927, P=0.015], excessive filtration (OR=3.215, P=0.043), and not performing laser suturolysis after trabeculectomy (OR=3.597, P=0.031). The mean IOP was decreased from 30.3+/-13.4 mm Hg to 8.8+/-3.9 mm Hg in the avascular bleb group and from 24.6+/-9.9 mm Hg to 10.5+/-3.3 mm Hg in the vascular bleb group at 12 months (P<0.01, both groups, paired t test). CONCLUSIONS: @entity726 , excessive filtration, and no performance of laser suturolysis after trabeculectomy might be risk factors for development of avascular filtering blebs in primary fornix-based trabeculectomy.

title: Risk factors for developing avascular filtering bleb after fornix-based trabeculectomy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bleb or avascular bleb', 'Avascular blebs', 'avascular blebs']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma', 'Secondary glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative intraocular pressure']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The axons that constitute the ovarian nervous plexus originate mostly in the principal neurons of the superior @entity4494 (SMG) that is part of the sympathetic ganglionic chain and exhibits cholinergic receptors. In order to observe the effect of @entity934 , the main neurotransmitter in the ganglionic transmission, the purpose of the present work was: first, to standardize an integrated ex vivo superior @entity2670 (SMG-ONP-O) system in oestrus day @entity35 ; secondly, to determine if the ganglionic cholinergic stimulus modifies the release of @entity842 and @entity230 in the ovary compartment in the absence of humoral factors; and thirdly, to investigate if there are differences in the responses between the left and right ovaries caused by the neural stimulus. The ex vivo experimental left and right systems were developed and standardized. The systems were incubated in Krebs-Ringer @entity1391 buffer in a Dubnoff metabolic shaker. The @entity1420 release was determined to standardize the incubation times, obtaining different responses between the left and right systems, which shows that both systems have their own autonomic tone. Non-specific stimulation with @entity4338 in the ganglion compartment provoked different responses in terms of release of @entity1420 and @entity53 . @entity1420 decreased in the left and right systems. However, @entity53 diminished at short times and increased at 60 and 120 min in the left ovary, whereas it increases at 30 and 60 min in the right ovary. These different responses show the sensitivity and viability of both systems. When @entity934 was used in the ganglion compartment, the release of @entity842 , @entity1420 , @entity2671 and @entity53 was evaluated. The liberation of @entity3542 increased at 15, 30 and 60 min in the left system and decreased in the right system at 120 min. @entity1420 showed a decrease in its release at 15, 30 and 120 min and @entity2671 at 15 min in the left ovary compartment. In the right ovary, only @entity1420 decreased in relation to the control at 120 min while @entity2671 did not show significant changes. @entity53 showed an increase in the left ovary compartment at all the studied times, while in the right ovary it did not show any changes. These results indicate that the neural stimulus from the superior @entity4494 through the ovarian nervous plexus is one of the factors modulating the secretory activity of the ovarian @entity230 and @entity842 . The system is viable and also shows a different sensitivity of the left ovary in relation to the right one at least in this cycle stage, characterized by marked irrigation and profound structural changes in the ovary.

title: The cholinergic influence on the XXXX affects the liberation of ovarian @entity230 and @entity842 in oestrus day @entity35 : characterization of an ex vivo system.

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ganglion-ovarian nervous plexus-ovary']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4494 :: (MESH:D045888,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ganglion']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Capsule endoscopy is considered the diagnostic procedure of choice in @entity1 with @entity360 ( @entity360 ). Double-balloon endoscopy (DBE) offers both diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but is invasive, complex, and time-consuming. The aim was to evaluate diagnostic agreement between capsule endoscopy and DBE in @entity1 with @entity360 , and secondarily the diagnostic gain of DBE when capsule endoscopy detected only blood or clots in the small-bowel lumen. METHODS: Multicenter prospective study carried out at six institutions in Italy. RESULTS: 193 @entity1 (119 @entity1 , mean age 61.6 +/- 16.2) first underwent capsule endoscopy and then DBE. The most frequent positive findings at capsule endoscopy were @entity455 (74 @entity1 , 38.3 %), blood or clot in the lumen (34, 17.6 %), and @entity5 mass (20, 10.4 %). The most frequent findings at DBE were @entity455 (72 @entity1 , 37.3 %), @entity5 (30, 15.5 %) and @entity1066 /inflammatory lesions (12, 6.2 %). Overall kappa coefficient was 0.46 (95 %CI 0.38 - 0.54), with maximum concordance for vascular (0.72 [95 %CI 0.59 - 0.84]) and inflammatory (0.78 [0.58 - 0.99]) lesions and minimum for @entity1127 (0.46 [0.16 - 0.80]). Blood in the lumen was the only positive finding at capsule endoscopy in 34 cases; of these, 12 had negative DBE findings whereas 10 had @entity455 , 6 @entity5 , 1 @entity1066 , and 5 @entity7261 . CONCLUSION: Capsule endoscopy and DBE have good agreement for vascular and inflammatory lesions but not for @entity1127 or @entity5 . DBE provides valuable adjunctive information, particularly in @entity1 with @entity5 or polyp at capsule endoscopy. DBE clarified the origin of bleeding in two-thirds of @entity1 with capsule endoscopy showing only blood in the lumen.

title: Degree of concordance between double-balloon enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy in XXXX : a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['obscure gastrointestinal bleeding', 'OGIB']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['obscure gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: There has been a gradual change in the demographics of @entity135 . Although relatively uncommon, the incidence of @entity189 has been increasing despite declining @entity286 consumption and contrary to a diminishing incidence of @entity5 at other head and neck sites. It is now clear that the incidence of @entity1082 )-associated @entity5 is rising, likely as a consequence of changing life styles and @entity146 . Many studies have contributed to understanding the characteristics of HPV-related @entity189 , which usually presents as nonkeratinizing @entity957 of low to intermediate T-category and affects middle-aged white @entity1 , having higher socioeconomic status and no or brief history of @entity286 consumption. The diagnosis of this distinct neoplastic entity can be firmly established by a combination of @entity986 immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization assays. Compared with the traditional smoking-associated @entity213 , HPV-related @entity189 has a favorable natural history and responds better to treatment. Consequently, @entity1 with this @entity5 have better long-term survival than those with HPV-unrelated @entity213 (eg, 5-year overall survival rate of >80% versus    40% for @entity1 with @entity5 ), and hence they are more likely to experience chronic therapy-induced morbidity. Therefore, changes in evaluation, staging, and treatment are needed for this @entity1 group. However, attempts to change the treatment for HPV-associated @entity189 should take place in a closely monitored clinical trial setting. In this article, we summarize the epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical behavior of HPV-associated @entity189 , with emphasis on prognostic and biomarker discovery aspects, and discuss briefly the current thoughts on changing the treatment paradigms aimed at reducing morbidity while preserving the high @entity5 control probability through well-coordinated prospective trials.

title: @entity1082 as a marker of the natural history and response to therapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behaviors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oropharyngeal cancers', 'stage III-IV tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity551 (ENH) is common in premature @entity1 and has been claimed to occur more frequently in @entity1 born to mothers with severe @entity1468 . Previous studies that showed a relationship between @entity1468 and @entity551 did not control for potential confounding factors such as birth weight and maternal treatment with @entity2399 ( @entity2400 ). OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1468 is an independent risk factor for ENH. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective review of all viable singleton @entity1 with gestational age of 23 to 30 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over a 2-year period. ENH was defined as the persistence of the mean arterial pressure lower than the gestational age in weeks requiring volume expansion and inotropic support in the first 24 h of life. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty four @entity1 were enrolled. Seventy-five (41%) @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria for ENH. @entity1468 , the presence of labor, maternal treatment with @entity2400 , Apgar scores, birth weight, gestational age and @entity649 were significantly associated with ENH by univariate analysis. Only gestational age and @entity1468 were significantly associated with ENH by multiple logistic regression. CONCLUSION: Gestational age and @entity1468 were independent risk factors for ENH in our population of premature @entity1 .

title: Early XXXX in premature @entity1 born to preeclamptic mothers.

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['maternal preeclampsia', 'Maternal preeclampsia', 'preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['neonatal hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) is an effective tool for identification and grading of @entity308 symptoms. Data on PHQ-9 utility for @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) are limited. METHODS: We evaluated the severity of @entity308 by PHQ-9 at baseline and its association with health care resource utilization (HCRU) rates and quality of life (QoL) in 308 outpatients enrolled in a prospective @entity712 cohort study. @entity308 symptoms were stratified according to PHQ-9 score as minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), or moderate-to-severe (10-27). RESULTS: Mean age of @entity1 was 57  11years; 65% were @entity1 ; 50% were white and 47% black; ejection fraction was 30  15%. Over 24  12months (total: 625 @entity1 -years), there were 41 (13.3%) major clinical events (34 deaths, 5 transplants, 2 ventricular assist device implantations), 633 all-cause admissions (249 [39.3%] for @entity712 ), and 362 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits. Moderate-to-severe @entity308 were associated with 70% more all-cause admissions compared to @entity1 without @entity308 and 2.5 times more @entity712 -related admissions. However, less than 50% of @entity1 with moderate-to-severe symptoms were on antidepressants. In adjusted analyses, even mild @entity308 were associated with 57% more all-cause admissions compared to @entity1 without @entity308 and more than 2-fold higher rate of @entity712 -related admissions. @entity308 were not associated with @entity341 visits. Increasing PHQ-9 score was associated with progressively worse QoL. PHQ-9 was not associated with major clinical events. CONCLUSIONS: PHQ-9 effectively identifies @entity712 @entity1 at risk for increased HCRU and lower QoL. Interventions to reduce @entity308 symptoms may help improve @entity712 outcomes.

title: @entity308 in XXXX : Can PHQ-9 help?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the availability of low-molecular-weight (low-MW) hyaluronan (HA) as a cryoprotectant for cellular cryopreservation. To clarify whether low-MW HA is cryoprotective, we evaluated the effect of HA concentration (0-5% w/w) in a cryoprotectant solution on cell membrane integrity after freeze-thaw. A test sample was created using @entity1 dermal fibroblast monolayers incubated in a culture dish for 24 h (37 degrees C, 5% @entity515 ). @entity4023 (MW 3 x 10(4)-5 x 10(4)) dissolved in medium served as the cryoprotectant solution. Samples were immersed in the solution for 2 h at 0-4 degrees C. They were frozen at a cooling rate of 3 degrees C/min from 4 to -80 degrees C, cooled further to below -185 degrees C, and then thawed. Cell membrane integrity after thawing was evaluated using a @entity3460 exclusion assay. The sample and freezing procedures were repeated in subsequent experiments, while the conditions of the solution immersion with respect to the sample varied. Next, to clarify whether the cryoprotective action of HA is intra- or extracellular, we performed three experiments. The first studied the dependence of membrane integrity after freeze-thaw on preliminary incubation time (0.75-24 h at 37 degrees C) with a sample immersed in the solution (5% w/w HA). In the second, membrane integrity of thawed samples that were initially frozen in a medium instead of solution, by removing extracellular HA following a preliminary 6-h incubation period, were evaluated. Thirdly, we investigated cellular uptake of @entity2822 -labeled HA (MW 10(5), 1% w/w) after a preliminary 6-h incubation period under fluorescent microscopy (without freeze-thaw). The results show that HA had a cryoprotective effect, and that this cryoprotective action was intracellular. Therefore, low- MW HA proves to be a promising cellular cryoprotectant.

title: Cryoprotective effect of low-molecular-weight hyaluronan on XXXX dermal fibroblast monolayers.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a @entity5 cell the number of copies of a locus may vary due to amplification and deletion and these variations are denoted as copy number alterations (CNAs). We focus on the disparity of @entity5 samples, which were compared to those in blood in order to identify the directional loss of heterozygosity. METHODS: We propose a numerical algorithm and apply it to data from the Illumina 109K-SNP array on 112 samples from @entity0 @entity1 . B-allele frequency ( @entity27044 ) and log R ratio (LRR) of Illumina were used to estimate Euclidian distances. For each locus, we compared genotypes in blood and @entity5 for subset of samples being heterozygous in blood. We identified loci showing preferential disparity from heterozygous toward either the A/B-allele homozygous ( @entity74 ). The chi-squared and Cochran-Armitage trend tests were used to examine whether there is an association between high levels of disparity in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and molecular, clinical and @entity5 -related parameters. To identify pathways and network functions over-represented within the resulting gene sets, we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). RESULTS: To identify loci with a high level of disparity, we selected SNPs 1) with a substantial degree of disparity and 2) with substantial frequency (at least 50% of the samples heterozygous for the respective locus). We report the overall difference in disparity in high-grade @entity5 compared to low-grade @entity5 (p-value < 0.001) and significant associations between disparity in multiple single loci and clinical parameters. The most significantly associated network functions within the genes represented in the loci of disparity were identified, including lipid metabolism, small-molecule biochemistry, and nervous system development and function. No evidence for over-representation of directional disparity in a list of stem cell genes was obtained, however genes appeared to be more often altered by deletion than by amplification. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that directional loss and amplification exist in @entity0 . These are highly associated with grade, which may indicate that they are enforced with increasing number of cell divisions. Whether there is selective pressure for some loci to be preferentially amplified or deleted remains to be confirmed.

title: Allele-specific disparity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'CNAs in tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic disparity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: There is accumulating evidence that some antidepressant treatments can increase the functional output of the meso-accumbens dopaminergic system. For example, chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressant drugs such as @entity2645 and @entity5829 ( @entity9956 ) enhances the locomotor stimulant effects of @entity2254 . Subsensitivity of inhibitory @entity935 (DA) autoreceptors and supersensitivity of postsynaptic DA receptor mechanisms are among the mechanisms that have been suggested to underlie these observations. The present experiments investigated the effects of acute and chronic @entity9956 treatment on interstitial DA concentrations in the nucleus accumbens and striatum using in vivo microdialysis in awake freely moving @entity35 (48 h following implantation of a microdialysis probe). Neither acute (5 mg/kg b.i.d. for 2 days followed by 72 h withdrawal) nor chronic (5 mg/kg b.i.d. for 21 days followed by 72 h withdrawal) @entity9956 influenced the ability of @entity3826 (25 micrograms/kg s.c.) to decrease extracellular concentrations of DA or its metabolites @entity4925 ( @entity4925 ) and @entity4926 ( @entity3829 ) in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, @entity2254 (1.5 mg/kg s.c.)-induced increases in extracellular DA were significantly enhanced in the nucleus accumbens of the chronic but not the acute @entity9956 group. This effect was at least partially regionally selective, as significant effects were not observed in the striatum. In accordance with previous reports, the locomotor stimulant effects of @entity2254 were also enhanced in the chronic @entity9956 groups. @entity9956 itself failed to alter the interstitial concentrations of DA and its metabolites in the nucleus accumbens of the control and chronic @entity9956 groups. These results provide in vivo neurochemical confirmation that chronically administered @entity9956 does not produce DA autoreceptor subsensitivity. They also demonstrate that chronic @entity9956 -induced increases in the locomotor stimulant effects of @entity2254 are accompanied by a selective potentiation of the effects of this stimulant on interstitial DA concentrations in the nucleus accumbens.

title: Chronic XXXX enhances amphetamine-induced increases in interstitial concentrations of @entity935 in the nucleus accumbens.

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4925 :: ('MESH:D015102', 'Chemical') :: ['DOPAC', '3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity4926 :: ('MESH:D006719', 'Chemical') :: ['homovanillic acid']

answer: @entity5829 :: (MESH:D003891,Chemical) :: ['desipramine']


abstract: Rexin-G, a nonreplicative pathology-targeted retroviral vector bearing a cytocidal @entity11486 construct, was tested in a phase I/II study for @entity136 -resistant @entity788 . The @entity1 received escalating doses of Rexin-G intravenously from 1 x 10(11) colony-forming units (cfu) 2-3x a week (dose 0-1) to 2 x 10(11) cfu 3x a week (dose 2) for 4 weeks. Treatment was continued if there was less than or equal to grade 1 @entity137 . No dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) was observed, and no vector DNA integration, replication-competent retrovirus (RCR), or vector-neutralizing antibodies were noted. In nine evaluable @entity1 , 3/3 @entity1 had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) at dose 0-1. At dose 2, 1/6 @entity1 had a partial response (PR) and 5/6 @entity1 had @entity66 . Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3 months at dose 0-1, and >7.65 months at dose 2. Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 4.3 months at dose 0-1, and 9.2 months at dose 2. One-year survival was 0% at dose 0-1 compared to 28.6% at dose 2, suggesting a dose-response relationship between @entity1349 and Rexin-G dosage. Taken together, these data indicate that (i) Rexin-G is safe and well tolerated, and (ii) Rexin-G may help control @entity5 growth, and may possibly prolong survival in @entity136 -resistant @entity788 , thus, earning US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) fast-track designation as second-line treatment for @entity788 .

title: Advanced phase I/II studies of targeted gene delivery in vivo: intravenous Rexin-G for XXXX -resistant metastatic @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Mean platelet volume ( @entity16165 ) is used to measure platelet size and is defined as a potential marker of platelet reactivity. Higher @entity16165 levels have been defined as a risk factor for increased incidence of @entity715 and its associated diseases. We aimed to determine whether a relationship exists between the @entity16165 and veno-occlusive component of @entity63 ( @entity63 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2010 and 2014, 38 subjects were analyzed in two groups. One was composed of 15 @entity1 with diagnosis as @entity63 in our institute, and the other contained 23 healthy control subjects. Complete blood count reports were retrospectively evaluated in both groups. @entity16165 , platelet count (PLT), platelet distribution width (PDW), white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), reticulocyte distribution width (RDW) were measured in both groups. RESULTS: The mean ages were similar in @entity63 @entity1 (45.86  15.82) and control subjects (47.65  10.99). The mean @entity16165 values of @entity63 @entity1 were significantly higher than control subjects (p<0.05). In contrast, also PLT counts were significantly lower in @entity63 @entity1 , compared to control subjects (p<0.05). The mean hemoglobin and WBC values were significantly lower in control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference of RBC, PDW and RDW values in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the @entity16165 was significantly higher in @entity63 @entity1 compared to control subjects. The high @entity16165 levels may have contributed to the veno-occlusive etiopathogenesis of @entity63 . We strongly suggest further prospective studies to recommend the use of @entity16165 in routine practice.

title: Does platelet activity play a role in the pathogenesis of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic ischemic priapism', 'IIP', 'IIP disease']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['idiopathic ischemic priapism']


abstract: We report the chromosomal localization, mutant gene identification, ophthalmic appearance, histology, and functional analysis of two new hereditary @entity19 models of @entity2000 not having the Pde6brd1("r", "rd", or "rodless") mutation. One strain harbors an autosomal recessive mutation that maps to @entity19 chromosome 5. Sequence analysis showed that the @entity2000 is caused by a missense point mutation in exon 13 of the beta-subunit of the rod @entity6708 phosphodiesterase (beta-PDE) gene ( @entity27763 ). The gene symbol for this strain was set as Pde6brd10, abbreviated @entity27763 hereafter. @entity19 homozygous for the @entity27763 mutation showed histological changes at postnatal day 16 (P16) of age and @entity3808 retinal vessels at four weeks of age, consistent with @entity2000 . Retinal sections were highly positive for TUNEL and activated @entity185 immunoreactivity, specifically in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). ERGs were never normal, but rod and cone ERG a- and b-waves were easily measured at P18 and steadily declined over 90% by two months of age. Protein extracts from @entity27763 retinas were positive for beta-PDE immunoreactivity starting at about the same time as wild-type (P10), though signal averaged less than 40% of wild-type. Interestingly, rearing @entity27763 @entity19 in total @entity528 for at least a week, after which morphological and functional loss progressed irregularly. With the second strain, a complementation test with @entity27763 @entity19 revealed that the @entity2000 phenotype observed represents a possible new allele of @entity27763 . Sequencing demonstrated a missense point mutation in exon 16 of the beta-subunit of rod phosphodiesterase gene, different from the point mutations in @entity27763 and @entity27763 . The gene symbol for this strain was set as Pde6bnmf137, abbreviated nmf137 hereafter. @entity19 homozygous for this mutation showed @entity2000 with a mottled retina and white retinal vessels at three weeks of age. The exon 13 missense mutation ( @entity27763 ) is the first known occurrence of a second mutant allele spontaneously arising in the @entity27763 gene in @entity19 and may provide a model for studying the pathogenesis of @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) in @entity1 . It may also provide a better model for experimental pharmaceutical-based therapy for RP because of its later onset and milder @entity2000 than @entity27763 and nmf137.

title: Two @entity19 XXXX caused by missense mutations in the beta-subunit of rod @entity6708 phosphodiesterase gene.

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['arRP', 'autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['darkness delayed degeneration']

answer: @entity2000 :: (MESH:D012162,Disease) :: ['retinal degenerations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our study describes the clinical, epidemiological, pathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects (polymerase chain reaction) of a case of @entity25276 in a @entity15382 ( @entity15382 ) from Brazil. During a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. @entity272 were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. On cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cavitations with a few kunkers. Ulcerative nodular pyogranulomatous and @entity1909 with @entity14663 and @entity6690 were observed histologically. Hyphae were observed in sections stained with Gomori @entity1332 . Immunohistochemistry with Pythium insidiosum antibodies yielded strong immunostaining of hyphae. @entity31500 DNA was extracted from tissues in @entity982 blocks by amplification of a fragment of 105 bp, which targets the 5.8S ribosomal gene. After the diagnosis of @entity25276 , the larger @entity272 were excised and treated as second @entity130 , which were completely healed 30 days after resection. Small @entity272 regressed spontaneously in ~60 days. The @entity32 and outcome of the disease in this @entity15382 were similar to cases of @entity25276 in @entity291 .

title: @entity25276 in a XXXX ( @entity15382 ) in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine silver']

entities_list: @entity14663 :: ('MESH:D005499', 'Disease') :: ['folliculitis']

entities_list: @entity25276 :: ('MESH:D058968', 'Disease') :: ['pythiosis', 'cutaneous pythiosis']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity15382 :: ('9793', 'Species') :: ['donkey', 'Equus asinus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Skin lesions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity6690 :: ('MESH:D005667', 'Disease') :: ['furunculosis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['intention healing wounds']

answer: @entity15382 :: (9793,Species) :: ['donkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After curative @entity5 resection, routine colon surveillance is recommended. It is not known whether trends over time in @entity5 survivors parallel that of the general population. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe temporal changes in the use of posttreatment procedures. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Linked @entity5 registry and Medicare claims data. @entity1 : Medicare beneficiaries >65 years old who were diagnosed with local or regional stage @entity14 from 1992-2002 and who underwent surgical resection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Use of colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, or barium enema within 1 year, 18 months, or 3 years of diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 62,882 @entity1 were followed up for 1 year and 35,784 for 3 years. Colonoscopy within 1 year was performed in 25.9%, within 18 months in 53.8%, and within 3 years in 70.3%. Corresponding rates for sigmoidoscopy were 7.4%, 10.2%, and 14.9%, respectively, and were 3.4%, 5.1%, and 7.9%, respectively, for barium enema. There was a decrease over time in the receipt of colonoscopy within 1 year of diagnosis (31.3% in 1992 to 20.6% in 2002), no change in 18-month rates, and a smaller increase in colonoscopy use within 3 years (66.5% to 72.3%). The use of sigmoidoscopy and barium enema declined over time. Overall procedure use within 1 year and 18 months also decreased and 3-year rates were essentially unchanged. These differences were maintained in multivariate analyses. LIMITATIONS: Accuracy of procedure coding and indications for tests could not be measured. CONCLUSIONS: Temporal trends in procedure use in @entity5 survivors were consistent with the general population. Importantly, despite guideline recommendations and Medicare reimbursement, 25% of @entity1 who undergo curative treatment do not receive surveillance examinations and this was unchanged over time.

title: Temporal trends in colorectal procedure use after XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Caloric restriction (CR) has been shown to retard aging processes, extend maximal life span, and consistently increase insulin action in experimental animals. The mechanism by which CR enhances insulin action, specifically in higher species, is not precisely known. We sought to examine @entity28199 signaling and transcriptional alterations in skeletal muscle of nonhuman primates subjected to CR over a 4-year period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: At baseline, 32 male adult @entity5434 ( @entity5434 ) were randomized to an ad libitum (AL) diet or to 30% CR. Dietary intake, body weight, and insulin sensitivity were obtained at routine intervals over 4 years. At the end of the study, @entity1717 were performed and skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) was obtained in the basal and insulin-stimulated states for @entity28199 signaling and gene expression profiling. RESULTS: CR significantly increased whole-body insulin-mediated @entity413 disposal compared with AL diet and increased @entity28199 signaling, i.e., @entity28200 , @entity28199 phosphorylation, and IRS-associated PI 3-kinase activity in skeletal muscle (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively). Gene expression for insulin signaling proteins, i.e., @entity28200 and @entity28201 , were not increased with CR, although a significant increase in protein abundance was noted. Components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, i.e., 20S and 19S proteasome subunit abundance and 20S proteasome activity, were significantly decreased by CR. CONCLUSIONS: CR increases insulin sensitivity on a whole-body level and enhances @entity28199 signaling in this higher species. CR in @entity5434 may alter insulin signaling in vivo by modulating protein content of @entity28199 signaling proteins.

title: Modulation of skeletal muscle insulin signaling with chronic caloric restriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis', 'cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity28200 :: ('102117978', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1', 'IRS-1']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptability for use of information on @entity4772 for South Asian @entity1 . METHODS: Ten focus groups of South Asian @entity1 speaking Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Punjabi and Urdu (one male and one female group for each language) were used to evaluate the written (leaflets) and spoken information (CD) on @entity4772 for South Asian @entity1 produced by the @entity625 ( @entity625 ). Focus group discussion was facilitated by community-based workers using the Social Action Research Method. A subsidiary evaluation of the information was conducted by a questionnaire-based survey sent to British Society of Rheumatology/British Health Professionals in Rheumatology (BSR/BHPR) members and others who had requested such materials from @entity625 in the past. RESULTS: Evaluation by focus groups revealed that there were potential difficulties relating to the understanding of the information leaflets and CDs and problematic issues regarding the quality of translation and pronunciation. Evaluation by BSR/BHPR members and others who had requested such material was that although the information was culturally appropriate, there were some weak areas such as mispronunciation, the quality of translation and specific customs. CONCLUSION: Healthcare information resources for minority ethnic groups has traditionally been developed depending upon the needs of the community, the language spoken and cultural norms. Such information is regarded as 'culturally sensitive'. However, an additional dimension is required. Information should be evaluated by the community and also specific users in order to determine its acceptability. This test of 'cultural competence' can ensure that such information has real practical value. An iterative evaluation process with feedback and refinement of information resources for minority ethnic groups is essential.

title: Snails in bottles and language cuckoos: an evaluation of XXXX information resources for South Asians with @entity4772 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'Arthritis Research Campaign']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: Antiangiogenic drug treatment inhibits @entity5 growth by decreasing blood supply, which can also reduce the delivery of other therapeutic agents. Presently, we investigated the effect of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity16231 ( @entity16231 ) on @entity5 vascular patency and chemotherapeutic drug uptake. Furthermore, the effect of @entity16231 on the antitumor activity of combination treatments with @entity786 was examined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity263 PC-3 xenografts were used to evaluate the effect of @entity16231 treatment on @entity5 vascular morphology, fluorescent dye perfusion, @entity519 , and uptake of @entity24379 , the active metabolite of the chemotherapeutic prodrug @entity786 . Sequential or simultaneous schedules for @entity16231 and @entity786 administration were evaluated in both @entity5 and 9L @entity3038 xenograft models. RESULTS: @entity16231 monotherapy induced sustained growth stasis in @entity5 in association with extensive apoptotic cell death. A substantial decrease in @entity5 vascular patency was observed, exemplified by a near complete loss of Hoechst 33342 perfusion and the absence of @entity12184 staining in the @entity5 . Antitumor activity was significantly enhanced in both @entity5 treated using an optimized schedule of sequential, intermittent @entity16231 - @entity786 combination therapy despite a 40% to 70% decrease in @entity5 tissue uptake of @entity24379 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity16231 - @entity786 combination therapy, enhanced anticancer activity can be achieved when the reduced @entity5 cell exposure to the @entity5 chemotherapeutic agent is compensated by antiangiogenesis-induced @entity5 cell starvation. This intrinsic antitumor effect was particularly evident in PC-3 @entity5 xenografts, where @entity5 blood flow deprivation dominates the overall therapeutic response.

title: Dominant effect of antiangiogenesis in combination therapy involving XXXX and @entity16231 .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity24379 :: ('MESH:C012358', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxycyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'PC-3 tumors', 'cancer', 'PC-3 and 9L tumors', 'increasingly hypoxic tumors']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity12184 :: ('MESH:C033815', 'Chemical') :: ['pimonidazole']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: 'Gudakhu' is a paste-like @entity286 preparation used widely in Orissa and neighbouring states of India. During use it is rubbed over the teeth and gum with a finger tip. Besides @entity286 , it contains molasses, lime, red soil and water. The genotoxic potential of @entity1324 extract of gudakhu was evaluated in @entity19 in vivo using the chromosome aberration assay, micronucleus test and SCE analysis following single as well as long-term repeated treatment. The animals received an aqueous suspension of the extract via the oral route. Gudakhu extract induced significantly high frequencies, compared to controls, of @entity2008 , micronuclei (MN) and SCEs. Single treatment with different doses clearly revealed a distinct dose-dependent increase of the effects in all the assays. Analysis of MN in regenerated hepatocytes also indicated a significant positive correlation between time-course of chronic treatment and frequencies of micronucleated cells. But incidences of @entity2008 , MN and SCEs in bone marrow cells following repeated treatment for different periods did not differ greatly from each other; and these repeated treatment data, particularly in the MNT in bone marrow cells and the SCE assay, also did not differ markedly from the respective single treatment data for the same dose. This was probably due to the proliferative nature of the bone marrow cells.

title: Genotoxicity of 'gudakhu', a @entity286 preparation. I. In XXXX in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome aberrations']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In cases of @entity418 , multidirectional lymphatic flow from the @entity5 means that lymph node @entity3 can occur in an area extending from the neck to the abdomen. To validate a method for limiting the performance of three-field lymphadenectomy only to @entity1 who need it, we carried out a prospective study in which superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO)-enhanced lymphatic mapping was used to determine whether to perform neck lymph node dissection in @entity1 with @entity418 . METHODS: A total of 22 @entity1 with clinically submucosal @entity1544 , without neck lymph node @entity3 , were enrolled. SPIO was endoscopically injected into the peritumoral submucosal layer, after which its appearance in lymph nodes in the neck was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neck lymph nodes were then dissected based on the SPIO-enhanced MRI lymphatic mapping. RESULTS: Influx of SPIO into lymph nodes was detected in 21 @entity1 (95% detection rate). SPIO flowed to the neck in 8 (36%) @entity1 . Influx of SPIO into neck lymph nodes was unilateral in five @entity1 and bilateral in three @entity1 , and the lymph nodes were dissected accordingly. A @entity5 -involved node was identified in two of those @entity1 . In 14 @entity1 , we did not dissect neck nodes. @entity1 were followed up for 6 to 47 months. The neck lymph node recurrence rate was zero, and the overall recurrence rate was 5%. CONCLUSIONS: SPIO-enhanced lymphatic mapping may be useful for estimating the need for three-field lymphadenectomy with neck dissection.

title: Estimating the need for neck lymphadenectomy in @entity418 using superparamagnetic XXXX -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: clinical validation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic squamous cell esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal thoracic esophageal cancer', 'thoracic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity560 is common treatment for @entity170 . Both age >70 years and living in residential care are associated with increased @entity174 risk. Community dwelling elderly are a heterogeneous group who may have more similatiry with residential care groups than younger @entity497 counterparts. AIMS: To review the evidence for @entity3875 or @entity7218 tretment of @entity170 in either @entity497 @entity1 aged >= 70 years of age, or redidential care @entity1 . Secondly endpoints were changes in bone mineral denisty, and in bone turnover markers. METHODS: We performed a literature search using search terms for @entity170 and @entity560 . Treatment for at least one year was required. RESULTS: Only one residential care study using @entity3875 , showed non-vertebral and hip @entity174 reduction in @entity560 deficient subjects. In the community setting one quasi randomised study using @entity7218 showed reduction in total but not hip or @entity174 , and a second randomised study showed @entity173 risk. Three studies reported increases in hip bone mineral denisty. DISCUSSION: A minority of studies demonstrated a @entity174 benefit form @entity560 and one suggested possible harm in a community setting. Current practice should be to only offer this treatment to subjects identified as deficient.

title: Evidence for the treatment of XXXX with @entity560 in residential care and in the @entity497 elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['non-vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity7218 :: ('MESH:D004872', 'Chemical') :: ['ergocalciferol']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['increased hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community dwelling']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']