abstract: BACKGROUND: Freshly isolated @entity1 amniotic mesenchymal (fHAM) cells contain somatic stem cells possessing proliferative ability and pluripotency, including a chondrogenic lineage. However, little is known about the biology of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) because fHAM cells can barely survive to expand under culture conditions in vitro for a long time. METHODS: In this study, we separated fHAM cells and seeded them to isolate MSCs and analyze its character. In addition, suitable chondrogenic growth factor was determined by pellet culture, and their viability under xenogenic environment was examined by transplantation into @entity95 knee joints. RESULTS: We succeeded in purifying proliferative subpopulations of fHAM cells, which could continue to proliferate more than 50 cumulative population doubling levels, and designated them as HAMa cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that they were positive for MSC markers ( @entity1759 , @entity12359 , @entity5399 , and CD105) and negative for hematopoietic cell markers ( @entity2280 , @entity5750 , and @entity1195 ) and major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (human leukocyte antigen-DR). The expression of various stem-cell markers such as @entity4729 , @entity517 , @entity4731 , @entity2440 , @entity1759 , SSEA-3, and SSEA-4 was also proved by immunocytochemical staining. Pellet culture using chondrogenic medium supplemented with transforming growth factor b3, transforming growth factor b3 plus @entity1841 , or @entity1841 implied that supplementation of @entity1841 alone most effectively induced chondrogenesis in vitro. Xenotransplantation of HAMa cells achieved 8-week survival in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HAMa cells correspond to MSCs that are highly proliferative and multipotent. Their chondrogenic potential and low immunogenicity indicate that HAMa cells could be an allotransplantable cell resource for cartilage repair.

title: Isolation and characterization of XXXX amniotic mesenchymal stem cells and their chondrogenic differentiation.

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2', 'BMP-2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 is the most frequent type of @entity5 and the second leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 . @entity3 are present in nearly 60% of cases at the time of diagnosis with the lymph nodes, skeleton, lungs, brain and liver as the most frequent sites of @entity3 . Gastrointestinal involvement is rare, present in only 10% of all the cases. There is a very low risk of developing @entity0 in @entity1 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old @entity1 , with a past history of @entity0 , presented with @entity9727 . Medical treatment was attempted without success, so he underwent surgery with subtotal gastrectomy and resection of the first portion of the duodenum. Histological examination showed a duodenal @entity3 originating from the previous @entity0 . Five months after surgery, the @entity1 is alive and well. CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal @entity3 should be considered in @entity1 with a past history of @entity0 . Surgical treatment should be performed in @entity1 who are symptomatic and in good general condition. To our knowledge this is the only case of a gastrointestinal @entity3 from @entity0 in a @entity1 .

title: Duodenal XXXX from male breast cancer: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the breast', 'breast cancer', 'ductal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'Metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: A 68-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of sudden onset gait disturbance and @entity2845 . He experienced left putaminal @entity548 following mild @entity1269 and @entity322 without any difficulties in his daily life since three years before admission. On neurological examination the @entity1 was alert and oriented. He showed forced crying. Myerson's sign was positive. There were no abnormal findings in ocular movements, @entity129 . Muscle tone was increased with cog-wheel phenomenon in bilateral upper extremities. Coordination was preserved. He showed severe @entity910 and small steppage gait with stooped posture. Freezing phenomenon was observed in initiation of gait and turning. The deep tendon reflexes were increased in the right side with bilateral pathological reflexes. There was no definite @entity425 and @entity132 in all extremities. Brain CT revealed a small high density lesion in the medial side of right cerebral peduncle and a lens-shaped low density lesion in the left putamen. On T1 and T2 weighted images of MRI, right peduncular lesion showed low signal. It extended to the substantia nigra which was partially destructed. His @entity304 was rapidly improved and completely disappeared within following two weeks. High density lesion of right peduncle on CT also disappeared. We discussed the mechanisms of @entity304 following unilateral @entity548 in this @entity1 .

title: [A case of transient XXXX due to @entity548 ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary reflexes and other cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['emotional incontinence']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'mesencephalic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: @entity4854 in @entity6 is generally associated with elevated levels of glucagon in the blood. A glucagon analog, des-His1[Glu9]glucagon @entity6346 , has been designed and synthesized and found to be an antagonist of glucagon in several systems. It has been a useful tool for investigating the mechanisms of glucagon action and for providing evidence that glucagon is a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of @entity6 . The in vitro and in vivo activities of the antagonist are reported here. The analog bound 40% as well as glucagon to liver membranes, but did not stimulate the release of @entity1919 even at 10(6) higher concentration. However, it did activate a second pathway, with the release of @entity7256 . In addition, the analog enhanced the @entity413 -stimulated release of insulin from pancreatic islet cells. Of particular importance were the findings that the antagonist also showed only very low activity (less than 0.2%) in the in vivo glycogenolysis assay, and that at a ratio of 100:1 the analog almost completely blocked the @entity1602 effects of added glucagon in normal @entity95 . In addition, it reduced the @entity4854 produced by endogenous glucagon in @entity3839 @entity6 @entity35 . Thus, we have an analog that possesses properties that are necessary for a glucagon antagonist to be potentially useful in the study and treatment of @entity6 .

title: Biological activities of des-His1[Glu9]glucagon XXXX , a glucagon antagonist.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity7256 :: ('MESH:D007295', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphates']

answer: @entity6346 :: (CHEBI:32988,Chemical) :: ['amide']


abstract: @entity44 belong to a class of @entity5 known as germ cell @entity5 . Cervical @entity44 are rare and account for 1.5% to 5.5% of all pediatric @entity44 . These types of @entity5 are the result of abnormal development of pluripotent cells. The following case study describes a 36-week male @entity1 who was prenatally diagnosed with a large cervical mass. The neonate was delivered via the EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment) procedure, with expert teams present. After stabilization, the @entity1 was transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at @entity1 's Hospital Los Angeles. The @entity44 was removed on day of life 5. The pathology report indicated a @entity2971 . A chemotherapy regimen was developed for this critically ill neonate in the NICU. An interdisciplinary treatment approach allowed safe and optimal quality of care. Baby CM was discharged on day of life 88 without complications and continues to be @entity5 free and at home thriving.

title: @entity2971 : a case report of a cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas', 'Teratomas']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumor']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral @entity5537 -tegafur (UFT) with that of classical @entity786 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 (CMF) given as postoperative adjuvant treatment to @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of UFT or six cycles of CMF after surgery. The primary end point was @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity137 , and quality of life (QOL) were secondary end points. The hypothesis was that UFT was not inferior to CMF in terms of @entity4557 . RESULTS: Between October 1996 and April 2001, a total of 733 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either treatment. The median follow-up time was 6.2 years. The @entity4557 rates at 5 years were 88.0% in the CMF arm and 87.8% in the UFT arm. @entity1349 rates were 96.0% and 96.2%, respectively. The hazard ratios of the UFT arm relative to the CMF arm were 0.98 for @entity4557 (95% CI, 0.66 to 1.45; P = .92) and 0.81 for @entity1349 (95% CI, 0.44 to 1.48; P = .49). The @entity137 profiles differed between the two groups. The QOL scores were better for @entity1 given UFT than those given CMF. CONCLUSION: @entity4557 and @entity1349 with oral UFT were similar to those with classical CMF. Given the higher QOL scores, oral UFT is a promising alternative to CMF for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 .

title: Oral @entity5537 and tegafur compared with classic XXXX , @entity1499 , @entity1487 as postoperative chemotherapy in @entity1 with node-negative, high-risk @entity0 : National Surgical Adjuvant Study for @entity0 01 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relapse-free survival']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: Allelic mutants exhibiting @entity851 in @entity238 were isolated. Molecular cloning identified the responsible gene as a budding @entity375 @entity30089 ortholog, and thus it was named tiny tim 50 ( @entity30090 ). The weak allele ( @entity30090 ( @entity30090 )) produced small flies due to reduced cell size and number, and growth terminated at the larval stage in the strong alleles ( @entity30090 (IE1) and @entity30090 (IE2)). Twin-spot analysis showed fewer cells in @entity30090 ( @entity30090 ) clones, whereas @entity30090 (IE1) clones did not proliferate, suggesting that the gene has an essential cellular function. @entity30089 is known to maintain mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) while facilitating inner-membrane protein transport. We found that tagged @entity30090 also localized to mitochondria and that mitochondrial morphology and MMP were affected in mutants, indicating that @entity2383 causes the developmental phenotype. Conversely, @entity30090 overexpression increased MMP and apoptosis. Co-expression of @entity30091 suppressed this apoptosis, resulting in cell overproliferation. Interestingly, @entity30090 transcription was tissue specific, corresponding to elevated MMP in the larval midgut, which was decreased in the mutant. The correlation of @entity30090 expression levels with differences in MMP match its proposed role in mitochondrial permeability barrier maintenance. Thus a mitochondrial protein translocase component can play active roles in regulating metabolic levels, possibly for modulation of physiological function or growth in development.

title: Involvement of the mitochondrial protein translocator component @entity30089 in growth, cell proliferation and the modulation of respiration in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth defects']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Actinic keratoses (AKs) commonly arise on sun-damaged skin. Visible lesions are often associated with subclinical lesions on surrounding skin, giving rise to field cancerization. To avoid multiple biopsies to diagnose subclinical/early invasive lesions, there is an increasing interest in non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as high-definition optical coherence tomography ( @entity2033 -OCT). We previously developed a @entity2033 -OCT based diagnostic algorithm for the discrimination of AK from @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and normal skin. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of @entity2033 -OCT for non-invasive discrimination of AK from @entity957 and normal skin using this algorithm. METHODS: Three-dimensional (3D) @entity2033 -OCT images of histopathologically proven AKs and SCCs, and images of normal skin were collected. All images were shown in a random sequence to 3 independent observers with different experience in @entity2033 -OCT, blinded to the clinical and histopathological data and with different experience with @entity2033 -OCT. Observers classified each image as AK, @entity957 or normal skin based on the diagnostic algorithm. RESULTS: A total of 106 (38 AKs, 16 SCCs and 52 normal skin sites) @entity2033 -OCT images from 71 @entity1 were included. Sensitivity and specificity for the most experienced observer were 81.6% and 92.6% for AK diagnosis, and 93.8% and 98.9% for @entity957 diagnosis. A moderate inter-observer agreement was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity2033 -OCT represents a promising technology for the non-invasive diagnosis of AKs. Thanks to its high potential in discriminating @entity957 from AK, @entity2033 -OCT could be used as a relevant tool for second level examination, increasing diagnostic confidence and sparing @entity1 unnecessary excisions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Validation of a diagnostic algorithm for the discrimination of actinic keratosis from normal skin and XXXX by means of high-definition optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCC', 'squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To quantify the impact of radiation dose escalation on the timing of biochemical failure (BF) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for @entity263 treated with radiotherapy (RT) alone. METHODS: The data from 667 @entity1 with clinically localized intermediate- and high-risk @entity263 treated with three-dimensional conformal RT alone were retrospectively analyzed. The interval hazard rates of @entity3 and BF, using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and Phoenix (nadir + 2) definitions, were determined. The median follow-up was 77 months. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed that increasing radiation dose was independently associated with decreased ASTRO BF (p < 0.0001), nadir + 2 BF (p = 0.001), and @entity3 (p = 0.006). The preponderance (85%) of ASTRO BF occurred at < or =4 years after RT, and nadir + 2 BF was more evenly spread throughout Years 1-10, with 55% of BF in < or =4 years. Radiation dose escalation caused a shift in the BF from earlier to later years. The interval hazard function for @entity3 appeared to be biphasic (early and late peaks) overall and for the <74-Gy group. In @entity1 receiving > or =74 Gy, a reduction occurred in the risk of @entity3 in the early and late waves, although the late wave appeared reduced to a greater degree. CONCLUSION: The ASTRO definition of BF systematically underestimated late BF because of backdating. Radiation dose escalation diminished and delayed BF; the delay suggested that local persistence may still be present in some @entity1 . For @entity3 , a greater radiation dose reduced the early and late waves, suggesting that persistence of @entity66 contributed to both.

title: Radiation dose and late failures in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'distant metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity29849 ( @entity3213 ) is a potent, direct-acting mutagen to @entity2491 TA98 due to activation by bacterial metabolism. We have studied the effects of uninduced and Aroclor-induced rodent liver post-mitochondrial supernatant (S9), microsomes or cytosolic preparations on its activity. With the plate incorporation protocol, the reported S9-mediated inhibition of mutagenicity was confirmed and shown to be greater after induction when equivalent levels of protein were plated. Cytosol increased mutagenicity considerably whereas the inhibitory effect of S9 could be attributed to the microsomal fraction. The activating and detoxifying capacities of the various hepatic fractions derived from male @entity35 and female BALB/c @entity19 were similar. In the absence of hepatic preparations, DNP mutagenicity was much lower in @entity29850 (deficient in transacetylase) than in TA98, although mutagenic activity could be still increased in the former strain by addition of uninduced cytosol. When DNP was pre-incubated in a liquid assay with S9 before addition of TA98, inhibition occurred and was time dependent. Thus the overall detoxifying effect of S9 is independent of bacterial metabolism. Furthermore, inhibition occurred under conditions where cytosol and microsomal components of S9 were kept together, indicating that the detoxifying effect of the microsomes predominates. The data therefore suggest that the microsomal-mediated detoxification by S9 may be due to the presence of an inhibitory component, enzymatic or otherwise, whose concentration is increased after Aroclor-induction. Nitro-reductase activities detected in TA98 and @entity29850 were 10-fold higher than those in the @entity1 fractions, although the activities in the latter increased to the bacterial enzyme levels after incubation of induced S9 or microsomes, but not cytosol, with an @entity1110 -generating system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Activation and detoxification of XXXX by @entity1 hepatic fractions in the @entity2491 mutagenicity assay.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity29849 :: ('MESH:C033310', 'Chemical') :: ['1,8-Dinitropyrene']

answer: @entity29849 :: (MESH:C033310,Chemical) :: ['1,8-dinitropyrene']


abstract: @entity13665 is an orally active third generation @entity5898 with increased potency against members of the Enterobacteriaceae. In this study, 74 @entity1 with @entity293 (UTI) were enrolled in an open study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new antibiotic. @entity1 were treated with 400 mg @entity13665 once daily for seven days and followed for four to six weeks after cessation of therapy. All pathogens were eradicated during treatment, including five coagulase-negative staphylococci that were resistant to @entity13665 . At five to nine days posttreatment, 93% of @entity1 were cured. Of the five recurrent infections, four @entity1 had a relapse and one had a reinfection. By four to six weeks posttreatment, five additional @entity1 had recurrent infections. The overall cure rate was 85% in this study. Most @entity13665 -associated adverse effects were mild and involved the gastrointestinal tract. @entity294 was the most commonly reported side effect. Of the eight (11%) @entity1 who developed @entity294 , three had a positive latex agglutination test for @entity2718 . The @entity294 resolved in all @entity1 without sequelae. @entity13665 was effective and generally safe in the treatment of @entity1 with acute uncomplicated UTI. The high incidence of @entity294 observed in this study is a concern.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity13665 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13665 :: ('MESH:C054360', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftibuten', 'Ceftibuten']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity293 :: (MESH:D014552,Disease) :: ['acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection']


abstract: The Le @entity1605 is a relatively rare operation. The posterior wall osteotomy of the @entity1177 ( @entity1177 ) is often difficult for Le Fort III. We developed the @entity50 ( @entity50 ) for the Le @entity1605 that cuts the posterior wall of the @entity1177 directly. This report illustrates this easy-to-use procedure for the Le @entity1605 in @entity91 . This procedure was performed in an 18-year-old @entity1 with @entity4886 and a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity8257 . The thin anterior walls of the @entity1177 were removed through an intraoral approach to look inside the @entity1177 . Then, the posterior walls were cut by chisel under direct vision using light. The other osteotomy was performed as usual. Distraction osteogenesis with internal and external devices was used in combination. The advantages of @entity50 are the direct posterior wall osteotomy of the @entity1177 with no down @entity174 and minimal invasiveness to the mucosa of the @entity1177 under direct vision. However, the disadvantage is that @entity50 becomes a blind procedure in a case with no @entity1177 or @entity509 . We developed the @entity50 for the Le @entity1605 , which could provide direct observation and perform the posterior wall osteotomy of the @entity1177 without down @entity174 . We believe that @entity50 is an effective surgical procedure for the Le @entity1605 .

title: Transmaxillary Sinus Approach for Le XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1177 :: ('MESH:D008444', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary sinus', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Fort II osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4886 :: ('MESH:D000168', 'Disease') :: ['Apert syndrome']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity8257 :: ('MESH:C538582', 'Disease') :: ['Pfeiffer syndrome']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['syndromic craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['transmaxillary sinus approach', 'TSA']

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['Fort II Osteotomy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 to the thyroid gland are very rare. They are usually seen in @entity320 , kidney, @entity0 and @entity2 . CASE REPORT: We presented a 54-years-old female @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed in 2002. The adequate surgical procedure was done and the @entity5 and axillary lymph nodes were removed. The @entity1 also received adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. After seven years of a disease free period, the first relapse of the disease was detected as @entity259 with @entity3329 . The @entity1 had a good response to systemic treatment so the surgical removal of thyroid gland and enlarged lymph nodes was performed. Histopathological analysis confirmed @entity3 with @entity0 origin. Radical mastectomy was also preformed. Second relapse of the disease was detected 10 months later, while the @entity1 was on hormonal therapy. It was manifested as the appearance of bone and skin metastases, @entity1143 and @entity3329 . CONCLUSION: This case report emphasized the importance of detailed examination of any new onset of @entity4 in a @entity1 with previous history of @entity5 .

title: Rare localisation of @entity0 XXXX to thyroid gland.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy', 'axillary lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid swelling']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with increased @entity5 incidence and mortality. We have previously found that @entity28 in @entity1 is associated with a 50% increased recurrence of @entity981 ( @entity981 ) in high-risk @entity1 . We have therefore developed novel in vivo and in vitro preclinical models to study the mechanism(s) of this association. @entity28 increased relapse after monotherapy with @entity1891 (P = 0.03) in @entity28 @entity19 injected with syngeneic @entity981 cells. This occurred although the drug was dosed proportionally to body weight, equalizing blood and tissue drug levels. In coculture, 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly impaired the antileukemia efficacy of @entity1891 , as well as three other chemotherapies (P < 0.05). Interestingly, this protection was independent of cell-cell contact, and it extended to @entity1 @entity1778 cell lines as well. Adipocytes prevented chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, and this was associated with increased expression of the two prosurvival signals @entity588 and @entity28443 . These findings highlight the role of the adipocyte in fostering @entity1778 chemotherapy resistance, and may help explain the @entity1778 relapse rate in @entity28 @entity1 and adults. Given the growing prevalence of @entity28 worldwide, these effects are likely to have increasing importance to @entity5 treatment.

title: Adipocytes impair XXXX treatment in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['increased leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent work on arousal vs. activation in adults showed that @entity272 ( @entity272 ) increased, and global alpha levels decreased, from eyes-closed to @entity2194 . This study explored whether similar effects occur in @entity1 . METHODS: EEG activity was recorded from 30 @entity1 aged 8-12 years during counterbalanced eyes-closed and @entity2194 ; SCL was measured as an index of arousal. RESULTS: @entity272 were negatively correlated with mean alpha levels in the eyes-closed condition, and increased significantly from eyes-closed to @entity735 . Reductions were found in across-scalp mean absolute delta, theta, alpha, and beta from eyes-closed to @entity735 . Topographic changes were evident in all bands except alpha. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm the use of mean alpha level as a measure of resting-state arousal under eyes-closed and @entity2194 . Focal changes in the other bands suggest that these reflect differences in activation, rather than the simple increase in arousal shown in alpha. SIGNIFICANCE: This @entity1 study confirms the generality of eyes-closed vs. @entity735 non-alpha EEG measures differing in mean power levels and topography, the latter indicating brain activity related to visual processing. Such differences should be considered when evaluating EEG research, and in choosing baseline conditions for different paradigms.

title: EEG differences in @entity1 between eyes-closed and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eyes-open conditions', 'eyes-open resting conditions', 'eyes-open resting baseline conditions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SCLs', 'skin conductance levels']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['eyes-open resting conditions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of immediate topical application of chitosan on preventing @entity19688 ( @entity19688 ) after microsurgical resection of both vocal fold with @entity3158 laser, including the anterior commissure, in a @entity235 model. METHODS: Sixteen @entity235 larynges were injured by microresecting procedure of both vocal folds with @entity3158 laser. The @entity235 were randomly divided into two groups, chitosan group and control group. The chitosan and isotonic @entity2827 solution (control) were used for 5 minutes immediately after surgery. One week after the initial surgery, three @entity235 in each group were randomly selected , ultrastructure of fibroblast were examined with transmission electronic microscope and expression of @entity24976 ( @entity24976 ) and @entity30913 ( @entity30913 ) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three weeks after surgery, the rest @entity235 ' glottic web were lysed and repeatedly treated with chitosan and isotonic @entity2827 solution respectively. The glottic wound healing and @entity19688 formation were examined every week, and all larynges were harvested and examined histologically six weeks after the initial surgery. RESULTS: Transmission electronic microscope examination of the ultrastructure of fibroblast indicated that chitosan inhibited the proliferation of fibroblast. Chitosan increased the expression of @entity24976 and @entity30913 , and @entity24976 and @entity30913 in chitosan group, which was significantly higher than that in control group (z=-2.887 and -2.005, P=0.002 and 0.041). Chitosan decreased the extent of @entity19688 formation. Three weeks after the surgery, the @entity75 in the control group affected mean 49% of the length of the vocal folds from the anterior commissure to the vocal process, while chitosan group affected mean 7%, which was significantly less than the extent of web formation in the control group, (z=-2.619, P=0.008). The grade of collagen content in chitosan group was significantly lower than that in control group (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Chitosan is effective in preventing @entity19688 after @entity3158 laser cordectomy.

title: [Prevention of XXXX after @entity3158 laser cordectomy with chitosan].

entities_list: @entity19688 :: ('MESH:C563636', 'Disease') :: ['anterior glottic stenosis', 'AGS']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['AGS lesion']

entities_list: @entity30913 :: ('403998(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity24976 :: ('403857(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity19688 :: (MESH:C563636,Disease) :: ['anterior glottic stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) appears to commonly co-occur with @entity161 , which is widely considered the most disabling @entity1032 . Both conditions share neurological risk factors, and present with symptoms that are superficially similar, complicating diagnostic accuracy. The presence of comorbid @entity1005 is also of concern as additional diagnoses tend to worsen functioning and quality of life. In the current review, EMBASE, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched for articles pertaining to @entity1005 comorbidity in @entity161 spectrum disorders. Articles went through two stages of review prior to inclusion - one at the abstract level and another at the full-text level. Thirty-four articles were ultimately included in the present review. Prevalence of @entity1005 in @entity161 ranged from 0 to 57%, likely due to study heterogeneity. Findings generally indicated that comorbid @entity1005 was associated with higher levels of positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and @entity149 , as well as worse functioning and quality of life. As such, it is important for clinicians to differentiate between @entity716 and @entity1005 symptoms, and to pay attention to the associated features of comorbid @entity1005 in order to provide the most appropriate intervention. Unfortunately, epidemiological and longitudinal studies in this area are lacking.

title: A systematic review on comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Poly-chemotherapy plus rituximab followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto- @entity12497 ) is standard care for untreated young @entity1 with @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ). Despite this intensive treatment, transplant @entity1 remain highly susceptible to relapse over time. The French SFGM-TC performed a national survey on reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem cell transplantation (RIC-allo- @entity12497 ) for fit relapsed/refractory @entity1 who failed after auto- @entity12497 (n=106). Median times of relapse after auto- @entity12497 , and from auto- @entity12497 to RIC-allo- @entity12497 were 28 months and 3.6 years, respectively. Sixty per cent of @entity1 received at least three lines of treatment before RIC-allo- @entity12497 . Conditioning regimens for RIC-allo- @entity12497 were heterogeneous. Twenty @entity1 experienced grade III/IV aGvHD, extensive cGvHD was reported in 28 cases. Median follow-up after RIC-allo- @entity12497 was 45 months. Median PFS after RIC-allo- @entity12497 was 30.1 months and median overall survival was 62 months. Treatment-related mortality (TRM) at 1 year and 3 years were estimated at 28% and 32%, respectively. A total of 52 @entity1 died; major causes of @entity204 were related to @entity137 (n=34) and @entity1073 (n=11). @entity1 in good response before RIC-allo- @entity12497 experienced a better PFS and @entity3012 . Our work highlights the need for new RIC-allo- @entity12497 @entity1073 -tailored approaches to reduce TRM, and early and late relapse.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 25 April 2016; doi:10.1038/bmt.2016.102.

title: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for @entity1 with XXXX who failed autologous stem cell transplantation: a national survey of the SFGM-TC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sparse published data are available on the impact of social and personal factors leading to @entity286 smoking. Identification of social and economic motives underlying smoking can facilitate the efforts towards control of @entity286 smoking. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered to 966 smokers attending the @entity764 Out- @entity1 clinic at the Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul to collect demographic data from the @entity1 . In all of them spirometry was performed. RESULTS: The @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) were less benefiting from social security system and they were less educated. @entity1 with @entity1030 were generally living in cities. In this group the number of divorced @entity1 were more than the other group. CONCLUSIONS: There are many factors causing individuals to initiate smoking. By eliminating these factors, mortality and morbidity rates caused by smoking will decline dramatically. This study aims to draw attention on personal and social factors for smoking.

title: Socio-economic status of smokers presenting to the outpatient service: does XXXX make a difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['COPD', 'chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies have documented deficits of pneumococcal and other vaccinations in kidney and lung transplant @entity1 , but the vaccination status of @entity409 ( @entity409 ) recipients is unknown. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of immunizations among @entity409 @entity1 at a large university medical center compared to a representative general population sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 2014, all @entity409 @entity1 (>18 years of age) were asked for their vaccination documents. The immunization rates for pneumococcal and other vaccine-preventable diseases were calculated. @entity409 @entity1 ' rates for @entity116 , diphtheria, and polio vaccinations were compared to a national reference group. Because these vaccinations are recommended for both groups, pneumococcal and @entity683 vaccination rates of @entity409 @entity1 were compared to those of seniors (>65 years of age) from a national sample. RESULTS: We found that 444 of 581 @entity409 @entity1 (76.4%) had evaluable vaccination documents. Only 60% of the @entity1 received at least 1 pneumococcal vaccination. Insufficient immunization rates (>= 1 vaccination/lifetime prevalence) were also documented for other vaccine-preventable diseases: @entity1956 64%, @entity99 48%, @entity116 87%, diphtheria 79%, polio 72%, pertussis 38%, and seasonal @entity683 (the preceding season) 51%. Only 0.7% (n=3) of @entity409 @entity1 had received all vaccinations as recommended. Similar deficits were documented in the national sample: @entity116 96%, diphtheria 82%, polio 86%, and pertussis 35%. @entity409 @entity1 received pneumococcal vaccines twice as frequently compared to seniors (60% vs. 31%), while @entity683 vaccination rates were comparable (51% vs. 45%). CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with studies addressing other solid organ transplant recipients, vaccination coverage of @entity409 @entity1 and the general population needs to be improved.

title: Vaccination Status of Pneumococcal and Other Vaccines in 444 Liver Transplant XXXX Compared to a Representative Population Sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver transplant', 'LT']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study, we aimed to establish whether age-sex-specific percentiles of coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) predict cardiovascular outcomes better than the actual (absolute) CAC score. BACKGROUND: The presence and extent of CAC correlates with the overall magnitude of @entity453 burden and with the development of subsequent coronary events. METHODS: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 ) is a prospective cohort study of 6,814 asymptomatic @entity1 followed for @entity301 ( @entity301 ) events including @entity583 , @entity951 , resuscitated @entity1167 , or @entity301 death. Time to incident @entity301 was modeled with @entity797 regression, and we compared models with percentiles based on age, sex, and/or race/ethnicity to categories commonly used (0, 1 to 100, 101 to 400, 400+ Agatston units). RESULTS: There were 163 (2.4%) incident @entity301 events (median follow-up 3.75 years). Expressing CAC in terms of age- and sex-specific percentiles had significantly lower area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) than when using absolute scores ( @entity1 : AUC 0.73 versus 0.76, p = 0.044; @entity1 : AUC 0.73 versus 0.77, p < 0.001). Akaike's information criterion indicated better model fit with the overall score. Both methods robustly predicted events (>90th percentile associated with a hazard ratio [HR] of 16.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.30 to 28.9, and score >400 associated with HR of 20.6, 95% CI: 11.8 to 36.0). Within groups based on age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific percentiles there remains a clear trend of increasing risk across levels of the absolute CAC groups. In contrast, once absolute CAC category is fixed, there is no increasing trend across levels of age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific categories. @entity1 with low absolute scores are low-risk, regardless of age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific percentile rank. @entity1 with an absolute CAC score of >400 are high risk, regardless of percentile rank. CONCLUSIONS: Using absolute CAC in standard groups performed better than age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific percentiles in terms of model fit and discrimination. We recommend using cut points based on the absolute CAC amount, and the common CAC cut points of 100 and 400 seem to perform well.

title: Coronary @entity460 predicts events better with absolute @entity460 scores than age-sex-race/ethnicity percentiles: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Persons', 'women', 'Patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaque']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1091 has been used or explored to treat @entity146 that are frequently associated with an abnormal immune status. It is likely that @entity1091 may work through modulation of immune responses in these @entity1 . Because dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in regulating immune responses, this study investigated the influence of @entity13557 ( @entity4113 ) on the development and function of DC. Exposure to @entity4113 during the differentiation of @entity1 monocyte-derived immature DCs (iDC) enhances @entity2937 and @entity8730 expression and increases the production of @entity1356 , @entity650 , @entity687 , @entity688 , and @entity310 . However, the presence of @entity4113 during LPS-induced maturation of iDC has the opposite effect. During iDC differentiation, @entity4113 suppresses the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3b, and activates @entity10412 and @entity8047 . In addition, @entity4113 activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity6864 ) during iDC differentiation, a pathway not described before. Each of these signaling pathways appears to have distinct impact on the differentiating iDC. The enhanced @entity2937 expression by @entity4113 involves the @entity10412 / @entity584 and @entity9459 pathway. @entity4113 modulates the expression of @entity8730 in iDC mainly through @entity8047 / @entity3963 , @entity26919 , and @entity6864 pathways, while the increased production of @entity1356 and @entity310 mainly involves the @entity8047 / @entity3963 pathway. The effect of @entity4113 on @entity650 / @entity687 / @entity688 secretion in iDC is mediated through inhibition of @entity9459 . We have also demonstrated that @entity6864 is downstream of @entity9459 and is responsible for the @entity4113 -mediated modulation of @entity2937 /83 and @entity4896 expression, but not @entity650 /8/10 secretion. The combined influence of these molecular signaling pathways may account for certain clinical effect of @entity1091 .

title: Modulation of the development of XXXX monocyte-derived dendritic cells by @entity13557 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of drug-eluting stent (DES) to treat @entity932 has shown short-term success. However, there are no reports regarding the long-term results of DES. We present the long-term clinical outcome after DES stenting for symptomatic severe @entity932 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included a consecutive series of 11 @entity1 who underwent intracranial stenting using DES between March and July, 2006, during the time when bare metal stents were not available at our medical institution. The mean @entity1 age was 59 years. Lesion location was the middle cerebral artery in five @entity1 , the intradural vertebral artery in three, the basilar artery in one, the vertebrobasilar junction in one, and the cavernous internal cerebral artery in one @entity1 . We evaluated the technical success, defined as @entity850  <=30% in the @entity75 ) as well as the clinical and imaging outcomes as long as 75 months following the procedure. In addition to a cerebral angiogram (n = 2), follow-up study was obtained by CT angiography (n = 6) or intracranial Doppler imaging (n = 2) during a mean time of 55 months after the procedure (range, 24 to 73 months). Three @entity1 refused imaging follow-up and accepted only clinical follow-up. The mean clinical follow-up period was 67 months (range, 47-75 months). RESULTS: Stenting in all @entity1 was technically successful and without periprocedural complications. There was @entity715 formation during the procedure in one @entity1 who experienced no further complications. There were no new neurological events during the mean follow-up period of 5.6 years. No @entity1 were found to have restenosis >= 50% at during the mean follow-up period of 55 months. One @entity1 died of a @entity299 59 months following the procedure which was regarded as unrelated to the @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that DES shows long-term stability and safety, and results in good clinical outcomes with a low rate of restenosis.

title: Long-term Outcomes of Drug-eluting Stents in Symptomatic Intracranial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion', 'cerebral lesion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['sudden heart attack']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of residual stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Stenosis']


abstract: AIM: The introduction of multimodal or fast track (FT) rehabilitation and laparoscopy in colorectal surgery has improved @entity1 recovery and shortened @entity580 ( @entity580 ). This study aimed to determine the influence of laparoscopic or open surgery on the postoperative recovery of @entity14 @entity1 having a conventional care (CC) or FT protocol in the postoperative period. METHOD: A multicentre prospective study was controlled with a retrospective group. The prospective group included 300 @entity1 having elective colorectal resection for @entity5 . The retrospective control group included 201 @entity1 with the same characteristics who were treated before the introduction of the programme. The @entity1 were divided into four groups including laparoscopy + FT, open surgery + FT, laparoscopy + CC, and open surgery + CC. The primary end-points were @entity580 and morbidity. Secondary end-points included mortality and reoperation rates. RESULTS: The overall median @entity580 was 7  days. The median @entity580 for laparoscopy + FT was 5  days, open + FT 6  days, laparoscopy + CC 9  days and open + CC 10  days (P  <  0.001). In the regression model the laparoscopy + FT group had the greatest reduction in @entity580 (P  <  0.001). A significant reduction in @entity580 was observed in the laparoscopy + FT group compared with laparoscopy + CC (P  <  0.001). The overall @entity1 morbidity was 30.6%. The logistic regression model adjusted for propensity score showed no statistically significant differences between the study groups regarding all other end-points. CONCLUSION: @entity14 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery within a multimodal rehabilitation protocol experienced the shortest @entity580 and the lowest morbidity.

title: A multicentre comparison of a fast track or conventional postoperative protocol following laparoscopic or open elective surgery for XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital stay', 'HS']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: @entity8 in adult Nigerians with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ) have not been extensively studied. To determine the prevalence, pattern and the associated risk factors of @entity8 , 72 subjects with @entity3458 from two centers in the southwestern Nigeria were investigated. Socio-demographic data, body mass index and clinical findings were documented. The urine analysis, serum bio-chemistry, hemogram and renal factors attributable to @entity3458 were determined. Presence of @entity633 of at least 1+ or microalbuminuria in those negative with dipstick; and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Cockcroft-Gault formula categorized subjects to various stages of @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Subjects with and without @entity633 were compared to determine the relative risk associated with @entity8 . Four (5.6%) subjects had macro- @entity633 , while 32 (44.4%) had micro- @entity633 and 30 (41.7%) had @entity8763 . In the subjects with @entity633 , age, hematocrit, systolic blood pressure, serum @entity1011 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 clearance were numerically higher while the eGFR was numerically lower. There was no significant difference in the clinical parameters studied in the two groups of subjects. The diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the albuminuric group. Based on eGFR, 22 (30.6%) subjects had hyperfiltration (GFR > 140 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m2), of whom 36.4% had @entity633 , 18 (25.0%) had stage 1 @entity740 , 30 (41.7%) had stage 2 @entity740 and two (2.7%) subjects had stage 3 @entity740 with @entity633 . None had stage 4 and 5 @entity740 . We conclude that @entity8 , importantly @entity633 , is common in adult Nigerians with @entity3458 and the pattern and incidence are similar to those reported from other parts of the world. Regular blood pressure monitoring, early diagnosis and active intervention are advocated to delay progression to @entity454 in view of poor outcomes of renal replacement therapy in @entity3458 @entity1 with @entity8 .

title: XXXX in adult Nigerians with @entity3458 : a report of prevalence, clinical features and risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal disease', 'Renal abnormalities', 'renal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCA', 'sickle cell anemia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity1 with @entity2967 of the liver remains controversial. Although the usual treatment method for symptomatic @entity2967 is surgery, the classical paradigm of operative resection remains. In this study, we evaluated the symptomatic improvement and size-reduction effect of embolisation with @entity1732 mixed with @entity4831 for the treatment of symptomatic @entity99 . METHODS: This study included 26 @entity1 [21 female, five male; age 41-65 years (mean 49.83    1.53)] with symptomatic @entity2967 unfit for surgery and treated with selective embolisation by @entity1732 mixed with @entity4831 . The @entity1 were followed-up (mean 7.4    0.81 months) clinically and using imaging methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16.0, and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Embolisation of 32 lesions in 26 @entity1 was performed. The mean volume of the haemangiomas was 446.28    88 cm(3) (range 3.39-1559 cm(3)) before intervention and 244.43    54.38 cm(3) (range 94-967 cm(3)) after intervention. No mortality or morbidity related to the treatment was identified. Symptomatic improvement was observed in all @entity1 , and significant @entity353 was achieved (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The morbidity of surgical treatment in @entity1 with @entity409 were similar to those obtained in @entity1 followed-up without treatment. Therefore, follow-up without treatment is preferred in most @entity1 . Thus, minimally invasive embolisation is an alternative and effective treatment for giant symptomatic haemangioma of the liver.

title: Minimally invasive treatment of XXXX of the liver: embolisation with @entity1732 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['giant liver hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['giant haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['giant hepatic haemangioma']

answer: @entity2967 :: (MESH:D005870,Disease) :: ['giant haemangiomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the application of robotic technology in the performance of adnexectomy resulted in benefits for the @entity1 when compared with @entity1 operated by laparoscopy. METHODS: Evaluation of 85 @entity1 undergoing robotic adnexectomy and comparison with a group of 91 @entity1 operated on by laparoscopy during the same period of time and by the same surgeons. @entity1 were compared by age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification, indications, unilateral compared with bilateral adnexectomy, adhesions, size or weight or both of the @entity4134 , and previous abdominal or pelvic surgery. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine factors favorable to each technique. Comparison between the groups was evaluated using the Fisher exact test from a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: The robotic group had an increased number of @entity28 (BMI 30 or more) and higher anesthetic risk (ASA classification 2 and 3) @entity1 as compared with laparoscopy @entity1 . The mean operating time was 12 minutes longer in the robotic group (P=.01). The mean @entity190 (80 mL robotic, 71 mL laparoscopic), length of hospital stay (0.15 days robotic, 0.28 days laparoscopic), intraoperative complications (1% robotic, 2% laparoscopic), and @entity260 (12% robotic, 11% laparoscopic) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: : Laparoscopy and robotics provided similar results for the performance of adnexectomy, with similar @entity190 , @entity260 , and length of hospital stay. Robotics mean operating time was 12 minutes longer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Robotic adnexectomy compared with laparoscopy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative and postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal mass']


abstract: AIMS: The aim was to investigate the impact of @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) on intrahepatic oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation, and @entity377 metabolism in relation to @entity409 and @entity32 in cholestatic @entity35 to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for post-I/R pathogenesis during @entity1448 . RESULTS: Pre-I/R cholestatic livers exhibited mild hepatopathology in the form of oxidative/nitrosative stress, perfusion defects, @entity39 and apoptosis, @entity32 , and @entity82 . Plasma @entity648 concentration in cholestatic livers was 190  M. I/R in cholestatic livers exacerbated @entity16 and leukocyte infiltration. However, @entity1589 activity in neutrophils at 6 h reperfusion was not elevated in cholestatic livers compared to pre-I/R levels and to control (Ctrl) livers. At 6 h reperfusion, cholestatic livers exhibited severe histological damage, which was absent in Ctrl livers. Despite a lower antioxidative capacity after I/R, no @entity6894 peroxidation and equivalent reduced @entity2041 /oxidized @entity2041 ratios and Hsp70 levels were found in cholestatic livers versus Ctrls. @entity648 acted as a potent and protective antioxidant. Postischemic resumption of oxidative phosphorylation in Ctrl livers proceeded rapidly and encompassed reactive @entity450 , which was significantly impaired in cholestatic livers owing to extensive vasoconstriction and perfusion defects. Normalization of intrahepatic energy status and @entity377 -based metabolic cofactors was delayed in cholestatic livers during reperfusion. Innovation and CONCLUSIONS: Cholestatic livers possess sufficient antioxidative capacity to ameliorate radical-mediated damage during I/R. I/R-induced damage in cholestatic livers is predominantly caused by microvascular perfusion defects rather than exuberant oxidative/nitrosative stress. The forestalled rate of oxidative phophorylation and recovery of bioenergetic and possibly metabolic parameters during the early reperfusion phase are responsible for extensive @entity409 .

title: XXXX is associated with hepatic @entity409 and aberrant energy metabolism before and during @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver damage']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular damage']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity6894 :: ('MESH:D002308', 'Chemical') :: ['cardiolipin']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['Cholestasis']


abstract: The parameters involved in the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) are not mutually independent, and the evaluation excludes ankle and foot joints. We developed a new quantitative and comprehensive assessment of the activity of @entity309 ( @entity309 ), called the handy rheumatoid activity score, with 38 joints (HRAS38), to overcome these disadvantages of DAS28. Forty-six @entity309 @entity1 who recently completed a 1-year infliximab therapy were evaluated for DAS28 ( @entity1851 and HRAS38 at 0, 2, 6, 14, 22, 30, 38, 46, and 54 weeks. The 38-joint evaluation in HRAS38 includes 28 joints of DAS28 except for the shoulder joints, with the addition of ankle and @entity2720 . The extent of joint swelling was rated on a scale of 0-3. The HRAS38 score is the cumulative sum of three parameters including: (1) a global assessment of disease activity [visual analog scale (VAS) 0-100 mm] by the @entity1 , (2) swollen joint score based on a 38-joint assessment by a physician (0-114), and (3) serum concentration of @entity1851 (mg/l). Scatter plots of HRAS38 and DAS28( @entity1851 ), and subsequent linear regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between methodologies (r = 0.846, P < 0.0001). Infliximab treatment resulted in a statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in the mean HRAS38 score from 130.5 to 56.5 within 2 weeks of treatment and at 52 weeks of therapy scores were still reduced at 52.5. The mean DAS28( @entity1851 ) was also significantly (P < 0.001) reduced from a baseline value of 5.8 to 3.7 after 2 weeks treatment with a final value of 3.2 after 52 weeks of therapy. Infliximab reduced the progression of joint destruction by 85%, for terms before infliximab as determined by radiographic analyses. The degree of progression appeared to be associated with the mean HRAS38, although this observation was not shown to be statistically significant by regression analysis (r = 0.307). The HRAS38 score comprises minimal and independently acquired parameters and is an effective and comprehensive measure of disease activity in @entity309 @entity1 .

title: Development and validation of handy rheumatoid activity score with 38 joints (HRAS38) in @entity309 XXXX receiving infliximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['metatarsophalangeal joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C-reactive protein; CRP)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of open surgical techniques in the treatment of @entity15809 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 with @entity15809 were treated using a transcervical approach. Three with a Brombart I diverticulum underwent a simple myotomy of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Myotomy was combined with a diverticulum inversion in 14 @entity1 and myotomy with diverticulectomy was performed in 37 @entity1 . The surgical procedures were compared with regard to mean anesthesia time, duration of hospitalization, overall complication rate and rate of serious complications, recurrence rate, and follow-up results. RESULTS: Hospitalization times were significantly shorter in the inversion group (P = .024). No statistically significant differences were observed between the transcervical modalities for any of the other variables investigated. CONCLUSIONS: Inversion is an effective modality and is by definition less traumatic than traditional diverticulectomy. Although the size of the diverticulum appeared to be a helpful criterion, careful intraoperative evaluation is the key element in deciding which transcervical procedure should be used. In the authors' view, inversion always should be considered if the individual anatomy of the diverticulum sac (in terms of pharyngeal pouch size and intactness of the mucosa) allows it.

title: Evaluation of the different transcervical approaches for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15809 :: ('MESH:D016672', 'Disease') :: ['Zenker diverticulum']

answer: @entity15809 :: (MESH:D016672,Disease) :: ['Zenker diverticulum']


abstract: @entity3794 is characterized by an increase in lung matrix and alterations in the numbers and spatial relationships of lung parenchymal cells. The increase in matrix results from a proliferation and "activation" of fibroblasts (FB) with increased production and deposition of matrix macromolecules at sites of @entity651 . Connective tissue cell activation is associated with increased gene expression of collagens, fibronectin, proteoglycans and other matrix components; cytoskeletal alterations; and probably also with changes in the expression of matrix receptors and matrix-degrading enzymes and inhibitors. The fibroproliferative reaction involves the participation of a variety of cytokines and inflammatory mediators by resident and inflammatory cells at sites of @entity651 . Thickening of the alveolar wall can result secondary to matrix deposition within the interstitium and as a result of "mural incorporation" of organized airspace exudate. However, marked structural remodeling of the gas-exchange tissues, with the development of @entity358 , involves airspace @entity82 and @entity133 . The latter processes lead to areas of airspace obliteration secondary to airspace filling, and to fibrous adhesion of collapsed septa. The extent of airspace obliteration is determined largely by the severity or extent of @entity130 . Although @entity82 is usually irreversible, the activated state is reversible after clearance of exudate and reepithelialization. A continuing and seemingly autonomous fibroproliferative reaction can result in the face of @entity130 and delayed repair.

title: Pathobiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'lung fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar collapse']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['honeycomb lung']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing injury', 'epithelial injury']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: On the assumption that renal tubular cells are more important as the target cells for a natriuretic factor than blood cells, we used a well-characterized cultured renal tubular cell line, Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK), cells to monitor the circulating digitalis-like factor in @entity1 plasma and examine its role in the regulation of blood pressure and @entity1372 balance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We investigated the effects of plasma on binding of radioactive @entity7832 to monolayered MDCK cells in order to determine the level of a circulating digitalis-like factor. First, we measured specific 3H- @entity7832 binding to MDCK cells in the presence of plasma from 71 outpatients (34 normotensive subjects and 37 @entity101 @entity1 ) after incubation for 4 hours. Second, we measured specific 3H- @entity7832 binding after incubation of cells with plasma from 16 hospitalized subjects (eight normotensive subjects and eight @entity101 @entity1 ) receiving low and high @entity1372 diets. RESULTS: In Study 1, @entity7832 binding was lower by 30% with plasma from @entity101 @entity1 than with plasma from normotensive subjects (p less than 0.01). There was a significant negative correlation between individual subject's systolic or mean blood pressure and @entity7832 binding (r = -0.34, p less than 0.01 or r = -0.29, p less than 0.01). In Study 2, @entity7832 binding was also significantly reduced by 25% in the presence of plasma from @entity101 subjects as compared with plasma from normotensive subjects irrespective of @entity1372 intake (p less than 0.01). A significant negative correlation was also found for all subjects between either systolic, diastolic, or mean blood pressure and @entity7832 binding (r = -0.58, p less than 0.01, r = -0.51, p less than 0.01, or r = -0.55, p less than 0.01, respectively). With the changes from low to high @entity1372 intake, there was a corresponding decrease in @entity7832 binding (p less than 0.01) and an increase in @entity1372 excretion (p less than 0.01). A significant negative correlation was observed between these two parameters (r = -0.47, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that a circulating digitalis-like factor, which may act on renal tubular cells as the @entity7832 -displacing compound, is increased in @entity1 with essential @entity101 and also demonstrate that plasma levels may be influenced by changes in dietary @entity1372 intake.

title: Digitalis-like activity in XXXX plasma: relation to blood pressure and @entity1372 balance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: We report the case of a 65-year-old @entity1 with recurrent @entity263 who presented with @entity3909 . In September 2007, he had been diagnosed with mixed @entity4153 and @entity420 at clinical stage T4N1M1 (primary @entity263 with multiple bone, liver, and lymph node @entity3 ) and hormonal therapy had been administered. Following an increase in the level of @entity6501 ( @entity6501 ), combined chemotherapy with @entity900 plus etoposide was implemented and showed efficacy in targeting the @entity4153 . In March 2008, he presented with signs of @entity146 ; his condition deteriorated quickly and multiple brain @entity3 were confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A sample of cerebrospinal fluid collected by lumbar puncture showed @entity5 cells and an elevated level of @entity6501 . @entity263 complicated with @entity3909 was diagnosed. A different chemotherapy regimen was then administered, consisting of a combination of @entity3003 plus @entity2600 , which is one of the most common first-line treatments for extensive-stage @entity151 . From day 20 after the initiation of this therapy, he gradually recovered from the signs of @entity146 , and brain MRI showed nearly normal findings; also, the serum level of @entity6501 was reduced. In conclusion, we report the efficacy of combined treatment with @entity3003 plus @entity2600 for small cell @entity263 complicated with @entity3909 . Because this clinical condition is extremely rare, a gold standard treatment has yet to be established.

title: Combined chemotherapy with @entity3003 plus XXXX showed favorable efficacy in a @entity1 with relapsed small cell @entity263 complicated with @entity3909 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Small cell carcinoma of the prostate', 'prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor', 'carcinoma of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma', 'type small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal irritation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity6501 :: ('2922', 'Gene') :: ['ProGRP', 'pro-gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['irinotecan']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) and @entity2843 ( @entity2843 ) were shown to contribute to atherogenesis, while @entity1 @entity533 ( @entity533 ) protects against oxidative stress. Although several studies investigated these biomarkers, their associations have not been completely clarified yet. We aimed to investigate these parameters in @entity2973 , lipid-lowering therapy-naive @entity1 (n=167) with and without @entity455 . DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity3335 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 levels were measured by ELISA. @entity533 activities were detected spectrophotometrically. @entity533 phenotype was calculated by using a dual substrate method. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity455 ( @entity455 ) had significantly higher @entity3335 and @entity2843 levels compared to those without ( @entity1 with no @entity455 ; NVC) (728 (367.25-1177.90) mg/ml vs. 315.9 (176.05-687.40) mg/ml; p<0.001; and 172.7 (157.7-197.7) ng/ml vs. 152.6 (129.3-172.3) ng/ml; p<0.0001; respectively). @entity3335 levels showed a significant negative correlation with @entity533 arylesterase activity (whole @entity1 group (W): r=0.42, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.44, p=0.01; NVC: r=0.39, p<0.0001) and positive correlations with @entity1495 (W: r=0.37, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.29, p=0.07; NVC: r=0.42, p<0.0001) and @entity2843 (W: r=0.42, p<0.0001; @entity455 : r=0.33, p<0.05; NVC: r=0.41, p<0.0001), respectively. @entity533 arylesterase activity was found to be an independent predictor of @entity3335 levels in the whole @entity1 group ( @entity34590 , p<0.0001) or when studied separately in the subgroups with or without @entity65 ( @entity455 : b=-0.57, p<0.05; NVC: b=-0.33, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that parallel investigation of @entity3335 , @entity1495 and @entity2843 levels and @entity533 arylesterase activity may be a more accurate indicator of @entity731 , which may allow earlier treatment and therefore, improvement of treatment efficacy.

title: XXXX arylesterase activity is an independent predictor of @entity3335 levels in overweight @entity1 with or without @entity65 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['VC', 'vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'Myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity2973 :: ('MESH:D050177', 'Disease') :: ['overweight hyperlipidemic']

entities_list: @entity2843 :: ('7076', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-1', 'tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity533 :: (5444,Gene) :: ['Paraoxonase-1']


abstract: Sensory neurons that innervate the heart sense @entity63 and mediate angina. To use patch-clamp methods to study ion channels on these cells, we fluorescently labeled cardiac sensory neurons (CSNs) in @entity35 so that they could later be identified in dissociated primary culture of either nodose or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Currents evoked by a variety of different agonists imply the importance of lowered pH (</=7.0) in signaling @entity63 . Acidic pH evoked extremely large depolarizing current in almost all cardiac afferent neurons from the DRG (CDRGNs). In contrast, only about half of the unlabeled DRG neurons responded to acid, and their current amplitudes were much less than that in CDRGNs. In all respects tested--kinetics, selectivity, and pharmacology--the acid-evoked current was similar to that of previously described native and cloned acid-sensing ion channels. Cardiac afferents from the nodose ganglia differed from CDRGNs in having smaller acid-evoked currents but clearly larger currents evoked by @entity855 . @entity750 , @entity934 , @entity1812 , and @entity859 elicited currents in fewer CSNs than did @entity855 or lowered pH, and the currents were relatively small. @entity2951 , an activator of small nociceptive sensory neurons that innervate skin, evoked only small and rare currents in CDRGNs. The extremely large amplitude and prevalent expression of acid-evoked current in CSNs imply a critical role for acidity in sensation associated with @entity741 .

title: Acid-evoked currents in cardiac sensory neurons: A possible mediator of XXXX sensation.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2951 :: ('MESH:D002211', 'Chemical') :: ['Capsaicin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemic']


abstract: Primary @entity99 (EHE) is a rare @entity5 of vascular origin. We present a retrospective study of 6 @entity1 with EHE treated by liver transplantation that were monitored clinically for more than 3 years and had protocol biopsy samples taken at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years posttransplant. None of the @entity1 suffered from any form of viral or @entity775 before or after the transplantation. Two @entity1 had lung metastases detected by preoperative imaging. All @entity5 showed factor VIII, @entity2279 , and @entity2280 strong positive staining. In 5 of the 6 transplant recipients the protocol graft biopsies showed chronic non-specific @entity99 with @entity82 that appeared during the 3rd post-transplant year. The septal @entity82 was diagnosed in the 6th and 10th year after transplantation. Liver tests did not reflect either the presence or the degree of @entity32 or @entity82 and have remained normal. In retrospect, we consider that our recipients most probably developed alloantigen dependent inflammatory and fibrotic damage to their liver grafts. All six recipients are still alive for a median survival time of 95.1 month (range 44 months to 132 months), with good graft function, and without recurrence of the @entity5 . The lung metastases in 2 of the 6 @entity1 have remained unchanged for 10 and 12 years retrospectively.

title: Allograft XXXX after liver transplantation for epithelioid haemangioendothelioma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['slowly progressive periportal fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumours', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic epitheloid heamangioendothelioma', 'hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity775 :: ('MESH:D019693', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare a gram protein exchange system (1g=50-mg @entity815 ) with a unit exchange system (1unit=15-mg @entity815 ) and its effect on the blood @entity815 ( @entity815 ) levels and acceptance in the dietary management for @entity1 and adolescents with @entity814 . METHODS: In Phase One, @entity1 were randomised to continue counting @entity815 unit exchanges (n=8) or changed to counting gram protein exchanges (n=10), using a new diet chart developed in-house. Foods containing less than 20mg @entity815 per serve were now considered "free." Interim data analysis confirmed no significant deterioration in @entity815 levels of the study group and the control group was changed to protein counting.In Phase Two, 18 @entity1 were educated to use an updated version of the in-house diet chart - in this version foods containing less than 50mg @entity815 per serve were considered "free."In both phases, attitudes to @entity814 and its management were evaluated at baseline and 6months. @entity815 and @entity669 levels were measured from filter paper blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Phase One: @entity815 levels over 6months were comparable to pre-study levels (mean @entity815 pre 366 mol/L+/- 169, mean @entity815 post change=388 mol/L+/- 160).Phase Two: Four @entity1 had a significant improvement in blood @entity815 levels, nine showed no significant change and one @entity1 's levels were significantly higher. There was incomplete data on four @entity1 . All @entity1 preferred the freer diet chart. CONCLUSION: Protein exchanges (foods containing less than 50mg @entity815 /serve uncounted) are an alternative method of measuring @entity815 intake in the dietary management of @entity814 .

title: Dietary protein counting as an alternative way of maintaining metabolic control in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['Phe', 'Phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity814 :: ('MESH:D010661', 'Disease') :: ['Phenylketonuria', 'PKU']

answer: @entity814 :: (MESH:D010661,Disease) :: ['phenylketonuria']


abstract: PURPOSE: Retrospective comparisons have suggested that adolescents or teenagers with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) benefit from pediatric rather than adult chemotherapy regimens. Thus, the aim of the present phase II study was to test a pediatric-inspired treatment, including intensified doses of nonmyelotoxic drugs, such as @entity229 , @entity1891 , or @entity4445 , in adult @entity1 with @entity981 up to the age of 60 years. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2003 and 2005, 225 adult @entity1 (median age, 31 years; range, 15 to 60 years) with Philadelphia chromosome-negative @entity981 were enrolled onto the Group for Research on Adult @entity981 2003 protocol, which included several pediatric options. Some adult options, such as allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for @entity1 with high-risk @entity981 , were nevertheless retained. RESULTS: were retrospectively compared with the historical France-Belgium Group for Lymphoblastic @entity3052 in Adults 94 (LALA-94) trial experience in 712 @entity1 age 15 to 55 years. Results Complete remission rate was 93.5%. At 42 months, event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 55% (95% CI, 48% to 52%) and 60% (95% CI, 53% to 66%), respectively. Age remained an important bad prognostic factor, with 45 years of age as best cutoff. In older versus younger @entity1 , there was a higher cumulative incidence of chemotherapy-related @entity204 (23% v 5%, respectively; P < .001) and @entity204 in first CR (22% v 5%, respectively; P < .001), whereas the incidence of relapse remained stable (30% v 32%, respectively). Complete remission rate (P = .02), EFS (P < .001), and @entity1349 (P < .001) compared favorably with the previous LALA-94 experience. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that pediatric-inspired therapy markedly improves the outcome of adult @entity1 with @entity981 , at least until the age of 45 years.

title: Pediatric-inspired therapy in adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative XXXX : the GRAALL-2003 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: We present the characteristics of @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ), which is an underrecognized and complex form of @entity5516 . The files of 8996 @entity1 with @entity302 were investigated retrospectively and only 6 cases (0.067%) were found.   Four males and 2 females, aged 20 to 63 years, had focal @entity410 , mostly with dyscognitive and experiential aura triggered by eating, as well as spontaneous @entity410 . All had an initial precipitating event for @entity410 (such as @entity542 or @entity198 ). In 4 @entity1 , the @entity410 were induced in the middle of the meal or even closely after the end. In the remaining 2 cases the @entity410 were at the beginning of the meal, suggesting 2 different mechanisms. Two @entity1 had normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whereas the others had heterogeneous findings. The interictal electroencephalographs (EEGs) showed frequent spikes over a large area on the left temporal region in 5 and over the right temporal area in 1 case. We recorded eating-related @entity410 originating from the left temporal region in 3 cases. Positron-emission tomography (PET) investigations were concordant with the EEG foci in 2 @entity1 . All but 1 had a therapy-resistant course. Our study suggested that @entity5516 is extremely rare and occurred many years after an initial precipitating event for @entity410 . These focal @entity410 , starting mostly with @entity302 , usually originated from the left temporal region, had mostly a therapy-resistant course, and were triggered by different mechanisms during eating with a long latency in most of the cases.

title: XXXX is associated with initial precipitating events and therapy resistance.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head/birth trauma']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['reflex epilepsy', 'eating epilepsy', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['experiential/dyscognitive aura', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity5516 :: (MESH:D020195,Disease) :: ['Eating epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whether sex differences exist in clinical risk factors associated with suicidal behavior is unknown. The authors postulated that among @entity1 with a major @entity308 , @entity146 , hostility, and history of substance misuse increase risk for future suicidal behavior, while @entity308 , childhood history of abuse, fewer reasons for living, and @entity4225 do so in depressed @entity1 . METHOD: @entity1 with @entity308 or @entity162 seeking treatment for a major @entity308 (N=314) were followed for 2 years. Putative predictors were tested with @entity797 proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS: During follow-up, 16.6% of the @entity1 attempted or committed suicide. Family history of suicidal acts, past drug use, cigarette smoking, @entity4225 , and early parental separation each more than tripled the risk of future suicidal acts in @entity1 . For @entity1 , the risk for future suicidal acts was sixfold greater for prior suicide attempters; each past attempt increased future risk threefold. Suicidal ideation, lethality of past attempts, hostility, subjective @entity308 , fewer reasons for living, comorbid @entity4225 , and cigarette smoking also increased the risk of future suicidal acts for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the importance of risk factors for suicidal acts differs in depressed @entity1 and @entity1 . This knowledge may improve suicide risk evaluation and guide future research on suicide assessment and prevention.

title: Sex differences in clinical predictors of suicidal acts after XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'DSM-III-R major depression', 'depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['major depression']


abstract: Flow velocities (F.V.) in 65 @entity1 admitted for @entity4889 (S.A.H.) were measured 4-7 times a week by Transcranial Doppler (T.C.D.). @entity1 were classified into 4 T.C.D. groups according to the highest mean flow velocity recorded in the M.C.A. during hospitalization: Group 1 (18 @entity1 ) with F.V. below 100 cm/s (normal), group 2 (19 @entity1 ) with F.V. between 100-150 cm/s (starting @entity2473 ), group 3 (23 @entity1 ) with F.V. between 150-200 cm/ @entity9855 @entity2473 ) and group 4 (5 @entity1 ) with F.V. over 200 cm/s (critical @entity2473 ). Based on clinical, radiological and ultrasound data as well as @entity1 outcome (good results with no specific problems or with transient deficit, permanent @entity204 ), the authors analyse the value of T.C.D. in the evaluation of @entity2553 following S.A.H. The review involves 49 @entity1 with surgically treated @entity439 (including two associated A.V.M.s), 9 @entity1 who had suffered a S.A.H. of unknown origin and 7 @entity1 who had died prior to surgery. T.C.D. is a non-invasive method of following post-S.A.H. @entity2473 and the close correlation between the angiography and the T.C.D. makes pre-operative control angiographies unnecessary. A correlation between clinical status and T.C.D. was only observed in extreme cases where F.V. exceeded 200 cm/s or increased by 100 cm/s or more within 3 days (6 @entity1 out of 65). M.C.A. @entity2473 can, however, be underestimated by the T.C.D. approach in cases where there is an associated @entity2473 of the infraclinoidal carotid artery. In these cases, classical Doppler evaluation of the cervical portion of the I.C.A. is indicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Transcranial Doppler in the evaluation of XXXX after @entity4889 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasms']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deficit and pre- or postoperative death']

answer: @entity2553 :: (MESH:D020301,Disease) :: ['vasospasm']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We estimated the current prevalence of type 2 @entity6 in the Vietnamese population and developed simple diagnostic models for identifying individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 @entity6 . METHODS: The study was designed as a cross-sectional investigation with 721 @entity1 and 1,421 @entity1 , who were aged between 30 and 72 years and were randomly sampled from Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon) in Vietnam. A 75 g oral @entity413 tolerance test to assess fasting and 2 h plasma @entity413 concentrations were determined for each individual. The ADA diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of type 2 @entity6 . WHR and blood pressure were also measured in all individuals. RESULTS: The prevalence of type 2 @entity6 was 10.8% in @entity1 and 11.7% in @entity1 . Higher WHR and blood pressure were independently associated with a greater risk of type 2 @entity6 . Compared with @entity1 without @entity1144 and @entity101 , the odds of @entity6 was increased by 6.4-fold (95% CI 3.2-13.0) in @entity1 and 4.1-fold (2.2-7.6) in @entity1 with @entity1144 and @entity101 . Two nomograms were developed that help identify @entity1 and @entity1 at high risk of type 2 @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The current prevalence of type 2 @entity6 in the Vietnamese population is high. Simple field measurements such as waist-to-hip ratio and systolic blood pressure can identify individuals at high risk of undiagnosed type 2 @entity6 .

title: Identification of undiagnosed type 2 XXXX by systolic blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The concept of sexually related @entity1314 is currently central to the diagnosis of all female @entity250 ( @entity250 ). In the current study, we have focused on validating a slightly revised version of the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), the FSDS-Revised (FSDS-R), to enhance the sensitivity of the instrument with @entity1 suffering from @entity458 ( @entity458 ). In addition, we have attempted to extend the validation generalizability of the scale by demonstrating that both instruments possess reliability and discriminative validity in premenopausal @entity1 with @entity458 . AIM: To assess the validity of the revised version of the FSDS, the FSDS-R, for measuring sexual distress in @entity1 with @entity458 . METHODS: A prospective methodological study carried out at 27 centers in North America enrolled 296 @entity1 aged 18-50 years with @entity458 , another @entity250 ( @entity250 ), or no @entity250 . The subjects completed the FSDS-R at baseline, day 7, and day 28, with a 30-day recall at baseline and with a 7-day recall on days 7 and 28. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses of FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 were used for the differentiation of @entity458 from no @entity250 , while intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate test-retest reliability. Cronbach's coefficient alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the FSDS-R and Pearson's correlation coefficient to assess FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 with different recall periods (7 and 30 days). RESULTS: Mean total FSDS, FSDS-R, and FSDS-R item 13 scores with either recall period were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) in @entity1 with @entity250 or @entity458 than in @entity1 with no @entity250 , showing both tests had discriminant validity. ROC analysis confirmed these findings, while an ICC of >0.74 showed the test-retest reliability of both scales, including FSDS-R item 13 alone, and Cronbach's coefficient alpha of >0.86 confirmed the internal consistency of both tests. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the FSDS, the FSDS-R demonstrated good discriminant validity, high test-retest reliability, and a high degree of internal consistency in measuring sexually related @entity1314 in @entity1 with @entity458 . FSDS-R item 13 alone also demonstrated good discriminant validity and test-retest reliability.

title: Validation of the female sexual distress scale-revised for assessing distress in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personal distress']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['HSDD', 'hypoactive sexual desire disorder']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunctions', 'female sexual dysfunction', 'FSD']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['hypoactive sexual desire disorder']