abstract: @entity6689 immune cells of @entity10835 @entity6 @entity19 are inferior to cells of normoglycemic PCl sensitized animals in transferring adoptive responses into recipients. A new regulatory activity, contrasuppression, that prevents suppressor cells from influencing activity of immune cells, has been recently described. Two types of @entity6689 contrasuppressor (Tcs) cells modulate contact sensitivity reactions in @entity19 . A non-specific Tcs cell, which by itself has no immune activity, helps @entity6689 immune effector cells in adoptive transfer to bypass, in the recipient, the suppressor cell barrier. The antigen-specific Tcs cell induced by immune complexes makes @entity6689 effector cells resistant to specific suppression. Both Tcs cell, in contrast to @entity6689 effector cells, adhere to Vicia villosa lectin and can easily be separated (VV+ and VV-, respectively). Our experiments show that @entity6 @entity19 are deficient in nonspecific Tcs cells. The most important finding was that when immune @entity6689 cells of @entity6 @entity19 , which otherwise transfer little immunity, were injected together with @entity6689 VV+ cells of normoglycemic animals (these cells have no ability to transfer immunity whatsoever), the adoptive transfer was significantly augmented. We also demonstrate that @entity6 @entity19 are unable, upon appropriate immunization, to produce antigen-specific Tcs cells. Since a hypoinsulinemic environment abolishes the function of promiscuous Tcs cells and prevents the development of antigen-specific Tcs cells, this may suggest that contrasuppressor cells have insulin receptors which make them particularly sensitive to insulin deficiency.

title: Deficiency of contrasuppressor lymphocytes in @entity10835 - XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of @entity416 as a single agent in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic head and @entity213 . @entity1 were treated with oral @entity416 according to good clinical practice. Efficacy and safety outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. The response and adverse events rates and their exact confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Survival distributions were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-nine @entity1 were included in the study. Twenty-five @entity1 (86%) had received at least three previous lines of chemotherapy. The disease control rate was 48% (95% CI: 29-67%). The median progression-free survival was 2.0 months (95% CI: 0.1-3.9 months) and the median overall survival was 7.0 months (95% CI: 4.1-9.9 months). @entity8566 , @entity1295 , and @entity33 were the most frequent severe side effects. No @entity1 died, and only three @entity1 discontinued treatment because of side effects. @entity416 seems to be an active and well-tolerated regimen, even in heavily pretreated, frail @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C 'Outcomes Research'.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity416 in heavily pretreated recurrent/metastatic head and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity8566 :: ('MESH:D060831', 'Disease') :: ['Hand-foot syndrome']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['neck squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: The phytohormone @entity9634 ( @entity6207 ) plays a vital role in plant growth and development as a regulator of numerous biological processes. Its biosynthetic pathways have been studied for decades. Recent genetic and in vitro labeling evidence indicates that @entity6207 in @entity958 and other plants is primarily synthesized from a precursor that is an intermediate in the @entity2340 (Trp) biosynthetic pathway. To determine which intermediate(s) acts as the possible branchpoint for the Trp-independent @entity6207 biosynthesis in plants, we took an in vivo approach by generating antisense @entity21988 synthase (IGS) RNA transgenic plants and using available @entity958 Trp biosynthetic pathway mutants trp2-1 and trp3-1. Antisense transgenic plants display some @entity942 phenotypes including small rosettes and reduced fertility. Protein gel blot analysis indicated that IGS expression was greatly reduced in the antisense lines. Quantitative analyses of @entity6207 and Trp content in antisense IGS transgenic plants and Trp biosynthetic mutants revealed striking differences. Compared with wild-type plants, the Trp content in all the transgenic and mutant plants decreased significantly. However, total @entity6207 levels were significantly decreased in antisense IGS transgenic plants, but remarkably increased in trp3-1 and trp2-1 plants. These results suggest that @entity21988 (IGP) in the @entity958 Trp biosynthetic pathway serves as a branchpoint compound in the Trp-independent @entity6207 de novo biosynthetic pathway.

title: @entity21988 , a branchpoint of XXXX biosynthesis from the @entity2340 biosynthetic pathway in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity21988 :: ('MESH:C008117', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-glycerol phosphate']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['auxin deficient-like']

answer: @entity9634 :: (MESH:C030737,Chemical) :: ['indole-3-acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of metastatic @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) ratio (LNR) compared with pathologic node (pN) category. METHODS: Three hundred ninety-nine @entity1 with @entity356 with R0 resection were reviewed. LNR, pN, and the number of retrieved LNs were evaluated in node-positive groups with >= 15 or <15 LNs resected and a node-negative group, respectively, by univariate and multivariate analyses. Associations of pN and LNR with the number of retrieved LNs were determined using Spearman's rank correlation test. RESULTS: LNR and pN were correlated with overall survival. For the node-positive group with >= 15 LNs retrieved, pN and LNR were independent prognostic factors, with the hazard ratio higher for LNR; neither was correlated with the number of retrieved LNs. For the group with <15 LNs retrieved, LNR but not pN was an independent prognostic factor, with LNR uncorrelated with the number of LNs retrieved. For the node-negative group, the number of LNs retrieved retained an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: LNR is an independent prognostic factor in node-positive @entity1 with @entity356 with R0 resection, and it is uninfluenced by the number of LNs retrieved. It may be superior to pN.

title: Evaluation of the prognostic value of the metastatic XXXX ratio for @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node']


abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, oncologists prescribe chemotherapy according to standard dose schedules, and as a result many @entity1 develop serious, dose-limiting toxic effects such as @entity417 . We aimed to develop a prediction model for @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity0 who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 331 @entity1 who had received adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity0 . @entity1 were divided randomly into a derivation sample (n=221) and internal-validation sample (n=110). An external sample of 119 @entity1 enrolled onto the control group of a randomised trial of @entity1307 alfa was used to validate the model further. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to develop the initial model. We then developed a risk-scoring system, ranging from 0 (low risk) to 50 (high risk), based on the final regression variables. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done to measure the accuracy of the scoring system when applied to both validation samples. FINDINGS: The risk of @entity417 increased as the pretreatment haemoglobin concentration decreased and was reduced with successive chemotherapy cycles. Risk was also predicted by a platelet count of 200x10(9) cells/L or less before chemotherapy, age 65 years or older, type of adjuvant chemotherapy, and use of prophylactic antibiotics. ROC analysis had acceptable areas under the curve of 0.88 for the internal-validation sample and 0.84 for the external validation sample. A risk score of > or = 24 to < 25 before chemotherapy was identified as the optimum cut-off for maximum sensitivity (83.5%) and specificity (92.3%) of the prediction model. INTERPRETATION: The application and continued refinement of this prediction model will help oncologists to identify @entity1 at risk of developing @entity417 during chemotherapy for @entity0 , and might enhance @entity1 -centred care by the application of @entity417 treatment in a proactive and appropriate way.

title: Chemotherapy-induced @entity417 during adjuvant treatment for XXXX : development of a prediction model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity750 ( @entity750 ) has been considered to possess an inhibitory action against the kindling development, but the role of @entity750 in kindled @entity410 is unclear. Furthermore, most previous studies have dealt with amygdaloid kindling. To clarify the role of the @entity750 system in @entity302 , we examined the effects of @entity2476 ( @entity2476 ), a precursor which elevates brain @entity750 , and @entity10097 ( @entity10097 ), a @entity750 1 a receptor agonist, on @entity410 kindled from the feline hippocampus (HIP). Following the completion of HIP kindling, five @entity468 received 0.9% saline, @entity2476 (20 or 40 mg/kg, i.p.) or @entity10097 (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg, i.v.). Drugs were administered 15 min ( @entity10097 ) or 1 hr ( @entity2476 ) prior to electrical stimulation at the generalized @entity410 triggering threshold, and the anticonvulsant effects were assessed by the behavioral @entity410 stage and afterdischarge (AD) duration. Both @entity2476 and @entity10097 suppressed dose-dependently HIP-kindled @entity410 . The administration of @entity2476 at 40 mg/kg and of @entity10097 at 1.0 mg/kg produced a marked or complete suppression of HIP-kindled @entity410 in most of the @entity468 tested, and was found to significantly reduce the @entity410 stage when compared with the saline control. Both drugs tended to shorten the AD duration, but this effect did not reach statistically significant levels. The present data suggest that the @entity750 system plays an important role in HIP-kindled @entity410 , and that the @entity750 1 a receptors have an inhibitory effect on the kindled focal @entity302 activity of the HIP.

title: [Serotonergic mechanisms in hippocampal kindled XXXX --inhibitory effects of L-5-hydroxytryptophan and @entity10097 ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity10097 :: ('MESH:D017371', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin', '8-OH-DPAT']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: The homologous Ig-like domains 1 and 4 of @entity4725 present binding sites to the leukocyte integrins alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 . In the present study, @entity535 substitution mutants were used to identify sequence motifs mediating binding of integrin alpha 4 beta 7 to the first domain of @entity4725 . We demonstrate that binding of integrin alpha 4 beta 7 to @entity4725 containing the @entity10030 mutation located in the loop between @entity12840 was completely abrogated and was not restored by activating integrin binding functions with @entity3281 . Thus, the I(39)DSP motif functions as a central recognition site for integrin alpha 4 beta 7. Analysis of the @entity53929 mutation demonstrated that the G(64)NEH sequence, which is exposed on the loop structure between beta strands E1 and F1, represents an additional recognition site for alpha 4 beta 7 integrin. However, the inhibitory effect of the @entity53929 mutation on cell binding was not specific for alpha 4 beta 7 but was also observed for integrin alpha 4 beta 1. In contrast to the I(39)DSP and G(64)NEH sequences, the K(79)LEK motif present in beta strand G1 was involved in binding to alpha 4 beta 1 but not alpha 4 beta 7. The function of G(64)NEH and K(79)LEK motifs in alpha 4++-integrin interactions was confirmed by divalent cation titration assays and peptide inhibition studies. Integrin binding to @entity53929 or @entity53930 ; @entity53931 mutants was restored by activation with saturating concentrations of @entity3281 . Binding of both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 integrins was not affected by @entity53932 , @entity41305 , @entity53933 or @entity53934 mutations. Together, these results identify the I(39)DSP and G(64)NEH motifs as common recognition sites for both alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 4 beta 7 integrins, whereas the K(79)LEK sequence appears to confer specificity for alpha 4 beta 1 binding.

title: @entity535 residues required for binding of XXXX to integrin alpha 4 beta 7.

entities_list: @entity53933 :: ('p|SUB|E|50|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E50A']

entities_list: @entity53934 :: ('p|SUB|E|87|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E87A']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity10030 :: ('p|SUB|D|40|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D40A']

entities_list: @entity53930 :: ('p|SUB|E|81|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E81A']

entities_list: @entity41305 :: ('p|SUB|R|36|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R36A']

entities_list: @entity53929 :: ('p|SUB|E|66|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E66A']

entities_list: @entity53931 :: ('p|SUB|K|82|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K82A']

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity53932 :: ('p|SUB|E|29|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E29A']

answer: @entity4725 :: (7412,Gene) :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: Controversy exists over the value of the @entity1348 condylar position in the fossa. Many clinicians associate the concentric position to the normal individuals and the retruded position to the dysfunctional condition. It is also recommended that therapeutically, the condyle should be placed on the posterior slope of the articulating eminence. Different groups of investigators claim that the condylar position, centric, retruded or protruded has little or no value and is not correlated with dysfunctional situations. This controversy is attributed to the inconsistency of research methodology. Using a large number of subjects, defining age and sex, careful selection of subject, using tomographic analysis with similar section locations and excluding individuals with @entity432 are recommended for a research of this type. The conclusion is that the condylar position is an end product of many dynamic changes such as growth and remodeling, functional matrix activities, occlusal alteration, functional adaptation and individual variation. It is suggested that diagnosis and treatment of @entity2956 should not be based solely on the radiographic position of the condyle. Consideration of general body conditions is an essential part of total @entity1 management. TM joint condylar position has been explained as the position of the mandibular condyles in the glenoid fossa when teeth are in maximum intercuspation. Clinicians have based their diagnosis and treatment of @entity2956 on this position. The optimal condylar position has been a controversial matter in dentistry for many years. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature pertaining to condylar position and to discuss its significance in clinical practice.

title: Optimum @entity1348 ( XXXX ) condylar position.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['disturbed occlusal condition']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ disorders', 'temporomandibular joint disorder']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of the factors influencing self-rated disability associated with @entity1643 and prospective study of the relationship between changes in each of these factors and in disability following active therapy. OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative influences of @entity158 , psychological factors, and physiological factors on self-rated disability. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In chronic @entity5752 , the interrelationship between @entity73 , @entity158 , and disability is particularly complicated, due to the influence of various psychological factors and the lack of unequivocal methods for assessing impairment. Investigations using new "belief" questionnaires and "sophisticated" performance tests, which have shown promise as discriminating measures of impairment, may assist in clarifying the situation. Previous studies have rarely investigated all these factors simultaneously. METHODS: One hundred forty-eight @entity1 with cLBP completed questionnaires and underwent tests of mobility, strength, muscle activation, and fatigability, and (in a subgroup) erector spinae size and fiber size/type distribution. All measures were repeated after 3 months active therapy. Relationships between each factor and self-rated disability (Roland and Morris questionnaire) at baseline, and between the changes in each factor and changes in disability following therapy, were examined. RESULTS: Stepwise linear regression showed that the most significant predictors of disability at baseline were, in decreasing order of importance: @entity158 ; @entity458 ; fear-avoidance beliefs; muscle activation levels; lumbar range of motion; gender. Only changes in @entity158 , and fear-avoidance beliefs significantly accounted for the changes in disability following therapy. CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity158 , psychological and physiological factors was best able to predict baseline disability, although its decrease following therapy was determined only by reductions in @entity158 . The active therapy program-in addition to improving physical function-appeared capable of modifying important psychological factors, possibly as a result of the positive experience of completing the prescribed exercises without undue harm.

title: Active therapy for XXXX : part 3. Factors influencing self-rated disability and its change following therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and psychological variables', 'pain', 'pain, psychological distress']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: 1. The effects of haemoglobin and @entity6693 on the @entity934 ( @entity1617 )-induced electrical and mechanical responses of smooth muscle cells were investigated in @entity35 aorta and @entity35 main pulmonary artery. 2. When the endothelium was intact, @entity1617 induced a transient hyperpolarization and sustained relaxation of tissues precontracted with @entity1063 . Both hyperpolarization and relaxation were absent in preparations without endothelium. 3. @entity4121 and @entity6693 inhibited the @entity1617 -induced relaxation, but not the transient hyperpolarization. 4. In aorta with an intact endothelium, @entity1617 produced an increase in both the rate of 86Rb efflux and tissue @entity8262 levels. The changes in ion flux were unaffected by either haemoglobin or @entity6693 in concentrations which almost abolished the increase in @entity8262 concentrations. 5. In arteries with an intact endothelium, @entity3352 had no effect on the @entity1617 -induced electrical and mechanical responses or on the increase in 86Rb efflux and tissue @entity8262 levels. 6. It is concluded that in the @entity35 aorta and @entity35 main pulmonary artery, @entity1617 releases two different substances, an @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) and a hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), from the endothelial cells. Neither substance appears to be derived from a pathway dependent on cyclo-oxygenase. EDHF seems to play a minor role in the relaxation of @entity1063 -induced contractions.

title: @entity934 releases endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor and @entity4059 from XXXX blood vessels.

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['EDRF', 'endothelium-derived relaxing factor']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity8262 :: ('MESH:D006152', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic GMP']

entities_list: @entity4121 :: ('CHEBI:35143', 'Chemical') :: ['Haemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The prognostic value of @entity0 was evaluated in 385 @entity1 operated for primary, non-metastasised @entity189 . Cell kinetics was measured using two immunohistochemical techniques. Cells in S-phase of cell cycle were labelled in vitro by incubation of fresh tissue fragments with @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ), a @entity1014 analogue. Nuclei of cells in active DNA synthesis were stained by an anti- @entity1603 monoclonal antibody (Mab). Cells in interphase and mitosis were detected with Ki-67, a Mab that is known to react with a nuclear antigen present in G1/S/G2/M phases of cell cycle, but not in resting cells. This reagent provides a means of evaluating the growth fraction of neoplastic cells. @entity1603 was incorporated in a proportion of @entity5 cells ranging from 0.1 to 65.5% (median 6.8%). In the panel of @entity5 presented in this report the median percentage of Ki-67 positive cells (Ki-67 score) was 9.0% (range 0.1-77%). The relationship between disease-free survival (DFS), @entity1603 labelling index, Ki-67 score and 13 different clinico-pathological variables was investigated by multivariate analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model. Axillary node status (P = 0.009) and Ki-67 score (P = 0.038) emerged as independent prognostic factors. Nodal status and @entity5 growth fraction allowed division of @entity1 into groups at different risk of relapse: @entity5 with a proliferative index below the median value showed a lower recurrence rate than @entity5 with a high proliferative activity (P < 0.001). In particular, no relapse occurred in pN0 @entity1 @entity189 with a Ki-67 labelling < 9.0% 4 years after surgery. These findings suggest that the evaluation of proliferative activity in @entity0 enhances the probability of correctly predicting outcome after surgery and could be of assistance in the planning of adjuvant therapies.

title: Cell proliferation of @entity0 evaluated by anti- XXXX and anti-Ki-67 antibodies: its prognostic value on short-term recurrences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', '5-bromo 2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer proliferative activity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma', 'bearing carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1603 :: (MESH:D001973,Chemical) :: ['BrdU']


abstract: Decision making is guided by the likely consequences of behavioural choices. Neuronal correlates of financial reward have been described in a number of functional imaging studies in @entity1 . Areas implicated in reward include ventral striatum, dopaminergic midbrain, amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. Response to loss has not been as extensively studied but may involve prefrontal and medial temporal cortices. It has been proposed that increased sensitivity to reward and reduced sensitivity to punishment underlie some of the psychopathology in @entity1314 individuals. However, few imaging studies using reinforcement tasks have been conducted in this group. In this fMRI study, we investigate the effects of positive (monetary reward) and negative (monetary loss) outcomes on BOLD responses in two target selection tasks. The experimental group comprised eight @entity1 with Cluster B (antisocial and borderline) personality disorder, whilst the control group contained fourteen healthy @entity1 . A key finding was the absence of prefrontal responses and reduced BOLD signal in the subcortical reward system in the PD group during positive reinforcement. Impulsivity scores correlated negatively with prefrontal responses in the PD but not the control group during both, reward and loss. Our results suggest dysfunctional responses to rewarding and aversive stimuli in @entity4225 disordered individuals but do not support the notion of @entity56 to reward and hyposensitivity to loss.

title: Neuronal correlates of reward and loss in XXXX : a functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'humans', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['impulsive personality disordered']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['Cluster B personality']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity4225 :: (MESH:D001883,Disease) :: ['Cluster B personality disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The combination @entity900 / @entity136 is one of the most active and well-tolerated regimens in advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We undertook this pilot study to evaluate postoperative drug delivery and @entity137 of @entity900 plus @entity136 in @entity1 with radically resected stage IB-III @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity1 were treated with @entity900 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity136 1200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks for 4 planned courses. Most @entity1 (50%) had pathologic stage IIIA disease; all had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score of 0 or 1. The median age was 63 years (range, 56-73 years). Six out of 22 @entity1 (27.3%) had undergone pneumonectomy. RESULTS: A total of 85 courses of chemotherapy were administered, and the median number of courses was 4 (range, 1-4 courses); twenty-one out of 22 @entity1 received the planned 4 courses of chemotherapy. Chemotherapy caused grade 3 @entity417 in 1 @entity1 , grade 3 @entity882 in another @entity1 , and grade 3/4 @entity1398 in 4 @entity1 ; grade 3 @entity391 was observed in 3 @entity1 , and grade 3 @entity448 and grade 3 @entity1395 were both observed in 1 @entity1 . No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. The median delivered dose intensities of @entity900 and @entity136 were 24.3 mg/m2/week (97.2%) and 700.9 mg/m2 weekly (87.5%), respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity900 / @entity136 is a feasible and well-tolerated regimen in the adjuvant setting. Future trials should better define the best strategy in terms of efficacy, @entity137 , and quality of life between this combination and the standard regimen, @entity900 plus @entity1206 .

title: @entity900 plus XXXX as adjuvant chemotherapy for radically resected @entity1149 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND:    @entity101 @entity1 with large blood pressure variability ( @entity15882 ) have aggravated target organ damage. Because the @entity1369 /mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) system is a possible mechanism of @entity101 organ damage, we investigated in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) whether a specific MR blocker, @entity14292 , would prevent @entity15882 -induced aggravation of @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS:    A @entity35 model of a combination of @entity101 and large @entity15882 was created by performing bilateral sinoaortic denervation (SAD) in SHRs. SAD increased @entity15882 without changing mean BP. SAD induced perivascular macrophage infiltration and aggravated @entity296 and @entity1283 , resulting in LV @entity299 . Immunohistostaining revealed SAD-induced translocation of MRs into the nuclei (ie, MR activation) of the intramyocardial arterial medial cells and cardiac myocytes. SAD increased phosphorylation of @entity14152 ( @entity14152 ), a regulator of MR nuclear translocation. Chronic administration of a subdepressor dose of @entity14292 prevented MR translocation, macrophage infiltration, @entity296 , @entity1283 , and @entity409 , while not affecting @entity15882 . Circulating levels of @entity1369 and @entity701 were not changed by SAD. CONCLUSIONS:    @entity14292 inhibited the aggravation of cardiac @entity32 and @entity101 , and thereby prevented progression of @entity409 in SHRs with large @entity15882 . This suggests that the @entity14152 -MR pathway plays a role in cardiac @entity32 and remodeling induced by large @entity15882 superimposed on @entity101 , independent of circulating @entity1369 .

title: Blood pressure variability activates cardiac mineralocorticoid receptor and induces @entity299 in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive cardiac remodeling', 'Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14292 :: ('MESH:C414690', 'Chemical') :: ['eplerenone', 'Eplerenone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the hopelessness level and the relationship of @entity308 , @entity148 and disease-related factors to the presence of hopelessness among Turkish @entity1 with @entity5 . Ninety-five @entity1 hospitalized for @entity5 treatments were recruited for current study. Data were collected by using a demographic questionnaire, the Pain Numeric Rating Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the @entity308 Scale. The mean hopelessness score was 5.20+/-4.39. There were significant differences in terms of hopelessness between the @entity1 who had @entity3 and @entity158 as compared with those without @entity3 and @entity158 (p<0.05). There were also found that significant correlation between hopelessness and @entity308 and between hopelessness and @entity148 (r=0.721; r=0.645, respectively, p<0.001). Foreword stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of hopelessness were @entity308 score and thr presence of @entity3 (F=55.133; p<0.001). The findings suggest that levels of hopelessness among @entity5 @entity1 with @entity158 and @entity3 are higher than among those without @entity158 and @entity3 , and that the severity of @entity158 , @entity148 , and @entity308 is positively correlated with hopelessness level. The assessment of hopelessness, @entity158 , @entity148 and @entity308 levels of the @entity1 with @entity5 should be an essential part of health care practice. Therefore, when arranging care assessment, to evaluate hopelessness could help professionals to appropriately refer @entity1 to further psychological care resources.

title: Hopelessness in Turkish XXXX inpatients: the relation of hopelessness with psychological and disease-related outcomes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective cohort study on @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ) presenting with @entity1087 emphasized the importance of differentiating @entity1 with @entity7752 from @entity1 with @entity3883 caused by @entity5 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: There are little data in the medical literature on the management of @entity1 with @entity157 presenting with @entity1087 . Experience has accumulated mainly from case reports and retrospective studies. METHODS: Data were collected prospectively on 2095 @entity1 with @entity157 seen over a 12-year period. All @entity1 were investigated with blood tests, abdominal ultrasound, and chest radiography. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, computed tomography and hepatic angiography were carried out in selected @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 530 @entity1 who had clinically detectable @entity1087 , 481 had @entity1087 due to @entity7752 and 49 @entity1 @entity3883 . @entity1 with @entity7752 had extremely poor prognosis, and 90% of them died within 10 weeks of first presentation. "Curative" resection, however, was possible in 9 of 49 @entity1 with @entity3883 , and histologic analysis showed resectional margin involvement by @entity5 in 1 @entity1 . In addition, 35 @entity1 were treated with biliary stents to relieve the @entity3883 . Supportive treatment only was given to five @entity1 who were considered too terminally ill. The overall survival of @entity1 with @entity157 with @entity3883 was similar to those @entity1 who presented with no clinical detectable @entity1087 and was much better than those with @entity1087 due to @entity7752 (log-rank test, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity157 who presented with @entity1087 due to @entity7752 was dismal. It is important to identify the @entity1 who @entity3883 because with proper treatment, good palliation and occasional cure are possible.

title: A logical @entity157 presenting with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['had obstructive jaundice', 'obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1087 :: (MESH:D007565,Disease) :: ['jaundice']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the history, physical, and laboratory findings in @entity1 with @entity43 ( @entity43 ). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at 2 urban teaching hospitals. All @entity1 admitted from 1984 to 1999 with surgically proven @entity43 were included in the study. RESULTS: The 87 @entity1 ranged in age from 14 to 82 years (mean 32 years). Twelve were pregnant, 15 were postmenopausal, and 7 were posthysterectomy. Thirty-five (40%) had prior pelvic surgery; 18 of these (21% of the total) had undergone tubal ligation. Twenty-two (25%) @entity1 had a history of an @entity42 . Sixty-five (75%) @entity1 were seen in the emergency department. @entity158 characteristics were variable: the onset was sudden in 51 (59%); "sharp" or stabbing in 61 (70%); and radiated to the flank, back, or groin in 44 (51%) @entity1 . Only 3 had peritoneal signs at presentation. The majority of @entity1 (70%) had @entity390 or @entity391 . Fever was rare (2 @entity1 ). @entity43 was considered in the admitting differential diagnosis in 41 (47%) @entity1 . An enlarged ovary (>5 cm) was found in 77 (89%) @entity1 at surgery. Only 26 @entity1 had surgery within 24 hours. In 8 (9%) @entity1 , detorsion was possible; of these, 3 had surgery within 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity43 is often missed and ovarian salvage is rare. @entity158 characteristics are variable and objective findings are uncommon in @entity43 .

title: XXXX : a fifteen-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian torsion', 'OT']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian torsion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of 9-month short-course chemotherapy (SCC) and to study the pattern of neurological recovery in @entity1 with Pott's @entity451 . DESIGN: @entity1 with recent onset of @entity451 due to clinically and radiologically active spinal @entity378 involving vertebral bodies of level D4-L1 were treated with @entity3639 , @entity1215 , @entity3109 and @entity3110 daily for the first 2 months, followed by @entity1215 plus @entity3109 twice weekly for the next 7 months. The study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase 10 @entity1 were admitted to the open trial where all @entity1 had undergone modified Hong Kong surgery in addition to chemotherapy. In the next phase 23 @entity1 enrolled in the study were randomly allocated to receive either chemotherapy alone or surgery plus chemotherapy. All the @entity1 were followed for 5 years from the start of treatment. A scoring system was devised to predict neurological recovery. RESULTS: In all, 33 @entity1 were admitted and treated with SCC. Thirteen @entity1 were allocated to the chemotherapy (CHEM) regimen; of these 3 @entity1 had to be operated upon for clinical deterioration; the remaining 20 had surgery plus chemotherapy; 4 were excluded for various reasons, leaving 29 @entity1 in the analysis. None relapsed requiring treatment. CONCLUSION: A combination of surgery (when indicated) and SCC of 9 months' duration is effective in the treatment of Pott's @entity451 . All @entity1 had neurological recovery by the end of 9 months; 8 recovered with chemotherapy alone. Complete motor recovery was seen in 62% by the 3rd month and 90% by the 6th month.

title: Short-course chemotherapy in the treatment of Pott's XXXX : report on five year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3110 :: ('MESH:D004977', 'Chemical') :: ['ethambutol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity3109 :: ('MESH:D007538', 'Chemical') :: ['isoniazid']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: 5 @entity1 with definite @entity309 and knee effusions under constant doses of DMARD therapy were treated with up to 6 intraarticular injections of 10 mg @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) every 3 to 7 days. A matched randomized control group who received a single i.a. injection of 40 mg @entity17990 (TC) was monitored according to the same protocol. The intraarticular granulocyte counts and @entity687 levels decreased in all @entity1500 treated @entity1 on day 10-13 and stayed low in those @entity1 who could be re-evaluated after 13 weeks. Compared to the @entity687 levels, the other tested cytokine levels showed only minor changes on day 10-13. There was no need for re-injection in the TC group during the 13 week study phase. We conclude that intraarticular @entity1500 therapy results in a strong decrease of SF-granulocyte counts. This effect may be due to the impairment of @entity687 mediated chemotaxis by decreased @entity687 synthesis in synovial fluid mononuclear cells. Clinically, repeated intraarticular @entity1500 therapy results in a worse 13 week outcome than i.a. @entity134 treatment measured in an intention-to-treat analysis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX synthesis by intraarticular methotrexate therapy in @entity1 with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity17990 :: ('MESH:C005900', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone hexacetonide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity687 :: (3576,Gene) :: ['interleukin-8']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of @entity588 gene transfer on @entity35 liver against @entity63 -reperfusion injury, and explore the feasibility of this approach to reduce @entity63 -reperfusion injury in liver transplantation. METHODS: We constructed the replication-deficient recombinant adenoviruses Adv-EGFP and Adv- @entity1976 and transfected them into 293 cells and packaged into adenovirus particles for amplification and purification. The empty plasmid vector virus was constructed similarly. Male SD @entity35 were randomized into Adv- @entity1976 -transfected group, Adv-EGFP-transfected group, @entity63 -reperfusion group, and sham-operated group, and liver allograft transplantation model was established by sleeve method. In the transfected groups, the recombinant viruses were administered by perfusion through the portal vein, and the @entity63 -reperfusion and sham-operated groups received no treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of @entity1976 in the liver tissue of each group, and at 0, 60 and 180 min after reperfusion, serum AST, LDH, and @entity1865 levels were measured. Histological changes of the liver cells were evaluated by HE staining. RESULTS: @entity1976 mRNA and protein expressions in Adv- @entity1976 -transfected group, as compared with those in Adv-EGFP-transfected group and control group, were significantly increased (P<0.01); the serum levels of AST, LDH and MDA in Adv- @entity1976 -transfected group were significantly lower than those of Adv-EGFP-transfected group and @entity63 -reperfusion group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with the sham-operated group, Adv- @entity1976 treatment group showed lessened @entity4 and @entity13312 without patches or spots of @entity39 . In @entity63 -reperfusion and Adv-EGFP group, HE staining revealed @entity99 and extensive liver cell swelling, enlargement, @entity13312 , @entity4 and occasional focal @entity39 . CONCLUSION: Adv- @entity1976 transfection can induce the expression of @entity1976 gene to reduce @entity63 -reperfusion injury of the liver graft in @entity35 .

title: [Transfection of XXXX gene protects the liver against @entity63 /reperfusion injury in @entity35 during liver transplantation].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['vacuolar degeneration of the liver cells', 'vacuolar degeneration']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobular destruction']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['hBcl-2']


abstract: There is recent evidence of continuing development throughout adolescence in two neural areas involved in emotion and cognition, the basolateral amygdala (BLN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous research from our laboratory has demonstrated a cellular loss in both of these brain regions in @entity35 between postnatal day (P) 35 and 90. This study investigates dendritic changes in pyramidal neurons of the BLN and Layer 5 of the mPFC at @entity10276 (juvenile), 35 (puberty), and 90 (adulthood) in hooded @entity35 of both sexes. @entity2343 were quantified in Golgi-Cox impregnated tissue. Between @entity52480 , dendritic length and complexity, as well as the density of dendritic spines, increased in both structures. Between @entity7505 , dendritic spines in the mPFC neurons significantly decreased in both sexes, while a @entity393 was only detected in females. In the BLN, there was an increase in the number of branches between @entity7505 and 90 without an increase in the total length of the dendritic tree. BLN spine density also remained stable during this period. These results show that the dendritic tree grows prior to puberty while dendritic remodeling and pruning occurs after puberty in both of these neural areas. This late development may lead to susceptibilities to @entity988 that often develop at this time.

title: Dendritic remodeling in the adolescent medial prefrontal cortex and the basolateral amygdala of male and female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['psychopathologies and addictions']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic branching and dendritic spines']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of basilar dendrites']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECT: Controversy remains concerning the timing of frontoorbital advancement (FOA) surgery performed for @entity91 . Reduced orbital volume and degree of exorbitism are often cited as reasons for early surgical intervention. To date, however, little attention has been given to orbital volume and its changes during the first few years of life as an indicator of orbital growth in @entity1 with @entity91 . Knowledge of orbital volume and growth patterns in individuals with @entity91 and those with normal cranial structures will enable surgeons to refine both the type and timing of surgical intervention required, thus obtaining the optimum outcome for their @entity1 . METHODS: Using the procedure of segmentation, orbital volumes in 50 @entity1 with various forms of @entity91 were measured on preoperative computerized tomography scans. Changes in average volume that occur with increasing age were calculated and compared with a model of normal orbital volume growth. At presentation the @entity1 with @entity91 ranged in age from 1 to 29 months, with 82% of them within the 1st year of life. Several interesting observations emerged from this study. Excluding @entity1 with @entity91 , there was no difference between orbital volumes measured on the right and left sides, allowing mean orbital volume measurements to be used for comparative purposes. Although @entity1 with @entity91 begin life with significantly smaller orbital volumes, overall normal mean volumes for both sexes are attained by 13 months of age, with volumes approaching normal by 6 months of age in male @entity1 and by 8 months of age in female @entity1 . Changes in orbital volume associated with age generally appear to be similar in most forms of @entity91 . There appears to be no significant difference in changes in orbital volume between @entity1 with syndromic or nonsyndromic forms of @entity8213 . Orbital volume is significantly reduced on the ipsilateral affected side in cases of @entity8213 in comparison with the contalateral side, but it is not significantly lower than that of normal. Finally, FOA surgery appears to restore normal growth of orbital volume. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the underlying mechanism leading to @entity91 and restriction of orbital volume "burns out" and begins to lose its major effects within the first few months of life. It would appear that FOA surgery should be delayed until the end of the second half of the 1st year of life, thus maximizing the effects of accelerated normal orbital growth and reducing the risks of relapse.

title: Changes in orbital volume during childhood in cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis', 'unilateral coronal synostosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['bicoronal synostosis', 'unicoronal synostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: Controversy exists about the prognostic value of the histological classifications of @entity356 commonly used. Recently Goseki proposed a new classifying system based on intracellular mucus production and the degree of tubular differentiation. The aim of this study was to compare Lauren and Goseki classifications with particular emphasis on their prognostic significance. Eighty-nine @entity1 , who underwent potentially curative resections (RO) and radical lymphadenectomy for advanced @entity356 from September 1988 to April 1996 were analysed. Cox regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic significance of Goseki classification, Lauren classification, age, sex, type of lymphadenectomy, depth of @entity5 invasion (T), node @entity3 (N) and number of metastatic nodes. A statistically significant correlation between the different Goseki grades and histology according to Lauren was found (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis the only parameters predictive of long term outcome were depth of @entity5 invasion, nodal status and histology according to the Lauren classification. Also after excluding the Lauren classification from the analysis, the Goseki histological grading system did not affect survival independently. This study on advanced @entity356 @entity1 identified depth of invasion, lymph node @entity3 and Lauren classification as significant independent pathological variables influencing survival. The classification proposed by Goseki did not add anything further to the prognostic informations provided by TNM staging and Lauren classification.

title: [Prognostic value of histologic classifications of advanced XXXX : comparative study of Lauren's and Goseki's classifications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: @entity32 is a part of the body's natural response to tissue injury which initiates the healing process. Unfortunately, @entity32 is frequently painful and leads to @entity56 to mechanical stimuli, which is difficult to treat clinically. While it is well established that altered sensory processing in the spinal cord contributes to mechanical @entity56 (central sensitization), it is still debated whether primary afferent neurons become sensitized to mechanical stimuli after tissue @entity32 . We induced @entity32 in C57BL/6 @entity19 via intraplantar injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Cutaneous C fibers exhibited increased action potential firing to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli. We found that abnormal responses to intense mechanical stimuli were completely suppressed by acute incubation of the receptive terminals with the @entity1108 inhibitor, @entity29602 . Further, elevated responses were predominantly exhibited by a specific subgroup of C fibers, which we determined to be C-Mechano Cold sensitive fibers. Thus, in the presence of @entity29602 , @entity7183 mechanical responses in inflamed @entity19 were not different than responses in saline-injected controls. We also demonstrate that injection of the @entity29602 compound into the hind paw of inflamed @entity19 alleviates behavioral mechanical @entity1931 without affecting @entity1931 . Further, we pharmacologically anesthetized the @entity1108 -expressing fibers in vivo by co-injecting the membrane-impermeable @entity1372 channel inhibitor @entity7231 and the @entity1108 agonist @entity7655 into the hind paw. This approach also alleviated behavioral mechanical @entity1931 in inflamed @entity19 but left @entity56 intact. Our findings indicate that C-Mechano Cold sensitive fibers exhibit enhanced firing to suprathreshold mechanical stimuli in a @entity1108 -dependent manner during @entity32 , and that input from these fibers drives mechanical @entity1931 in inflamed @entity19 .

title: @entity1108 mediates mechanical sensitization in nociceptors during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['heat hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Two independent experiments were conducted with male Cobb   Cobb 500 broilers to determine the optimal @entity4857 -to-digestible- @entity376 ratio for broiler development. We conducted a randomized block experiment with 7 treatments, each with 8 replicates of 25 starter birds (8 to 21 d of age) and 20 finisher (30 to 43 d of age) birds. To prevent any excess of digestible @entity376 , 93% of the recommended level of digestible @entity376 was used to evaluate the @entity4857 -to- @entity376 ratio. The utilized levels of dietary digestible @entity376 were 10.7 and 9.40 g/kg for the starting and growing phases, respectively. A control diet with 100% of the recommended level of @entity376 and an adequate @entity4857 -to- @entity376 ratio was also used. The feed intake, @entity1017 , feed conversion ratio, and carcass parameters were evaluated. The treatments had no significant effect on the feed intakes or carcass parameters in the starter and finisher phases. However, during both of the studied phases, we observed a quadratic effect on @entity1017 and the feed conversion ratio. The broilers of both phases that were fed test diets with the lower @entity4857 -to- @entity376 ( @entity2596 /Lys) ratio had poorer performance compared with those broilers fed control diets. However, when higher @entity2596 /Lys ratios were used for the starting and growing broilers that were fed test diets, the 2 groups had similar performance. During the starting phase, in broilers that were fed a higher @entity2596 /Lys ratio, @entity1017 , and the feed conversion ratio improved by 5.5% compared with broilers fed the basal diets. The broilers in the growing phase also had improved performance (by 7 to 8%) when the test diets had higher @entity2596 /Lys ratios. Based on the analysis of the starter phase data, we concluded that the optimal digestible @entity2596 /Lys ratio for Cobb   Cobb 500 broilers is 77%, whereas for birds in the finisher phase (30 to 43 d of age), a digestible @entity2596 /Lys ratio of 76% is suggested.

title: XXXX needs in starting and growing Cobb (500) broilers.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity4857 :: (CHEBI:27266,Chemical) :: ['Valine']


abstract: In order to evaluate the determinants of malignant @entity907 with @entity1167 revealed by the tilting test and to determine the possible therapeutic implications, 179 @entity1 (91 @entity1 and 88 @entity1 , mean age 36.6 +/- 20.1 years) referred for the assessment of unexplained a were studied. The test was performed with a tilt of 60 degrees for 45 minutes. A bolus of @entity3044 (0.02 to 0.08 microgram/kg.min) was injected in the case of a negative passive test. Asystole was defined as a ventricular pause lasting > or = 5 seconds. RESULTS: Ten (13%) of the 77 @entity1 with a positive tilting test experienced a cardio-inhibitory reaction with prolonged @entity1167 lasting an average of 11.9 +/- 4.9 seconds. Compared to the other 67 @entity1 with a positive test, those with @entity1167 were younger (23/9 +/- 14.8 years vs 32.9 +/- 18.5 years, NS) and had a more frequent history of @entity410 (6/10 vs 9/67, p = 0.05) during spontaneous episodes and @entity130 (9/10 vs 27/67, p = 0.005). Implantation of a pacemaker was chosen first-line treatment for the first 6 @entity1 . Their follow-up tilting tests remained positive (pre S = 4, S = 1) despite @entity3603 stimulation of 45 bpm. Five of these @entity1 and the following 4 @entity1 were retested under beta-blockers. In six @entity1 treated with beta-blockers, the clinical symptoms resolved completely (n = 3) or improved (n = 3), in contrast with 3 other @entity1 in whom the tilting test remained positive with recurrence of @entity1167 . The mean follow-up for the 169 @entity1 is 22.7 +/- 11 months and the ten @entity1 with @entity1167 remained totally asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: An @entity1167 response during the tilting test is characteristic of @entity907 described as malignant. The syndrome essentially affects young @entity1 , with a more frequent history of @entity130 and @entity410 . Beta-blockers appear to be at least as effective as permanent pacemaker to prevent symptoms in this specific subgroup.

title: [Determinants of malignant @entity907 with XXXX disclosed by the tilting test and therapeutic implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['asystolic', 'asystole']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['asystole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) is a frequent co-morbidity in @entity1 hospitalised with @entity497 ( @entity497 ). In recent retrospective studies, higher mortality in @entity1 with @entity497 and @entity1030 was found. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to determine the 30-day mortality and to evaluate the differences in @entity497 severity scoring in hospitalised @entity1 with @entity1030 . METHODS: A subanalysis of a randomized clinical trial was performed. RESULTS: A total of 262 @entity1 with @entity497 were included. Ninety-five (36.3%) @entity1 had @entity1030 . A total of 28 (10.7%) @entity1 died within 30 days. No differences between @entity1 with and without @entity1030 in 30-day mortality were observed [8 (8.4%) vs. 20 (12.0%), p = 0.37]. In the @entity55 Severity Index (PSI), significant differences in age, gender and heart rate between @entity1 with and without @entity1030 were observed. @entity1 with @entity1030 were stratified in higher PSI classes. In the CURB-65 score, age >or=65 years was significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity1030 [72 (75.8%) vs. 88 (52.7%), p = <0.01]. In a multivariate analysis, only the need for intensive care unit admission and high serum @entity413 were predictors of mortality [OR 32.50 (95% CI 6.87-153.75), p < 0.01; OR 7.34 (95% CI 1.19-45.4), p = 0.03]. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality was not increased in @entity1 with @entity1030 hospitalised with @entity497 . Severity scores are influenced by age and gender. Further studies evaluating @entity497 in @entity1 with @entity1030 are needed to explain these findings.

title: The influence of @entity1030 on mortality and severity scoring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic obstructive lung disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: PURPOSE OF JOB: The evolution of materials used to manufacture contact lenses, there is a need to increase comfort and visual acuity @entity1 while improving biocompatibility and minimizing the impact of the material on the physiology of the @entity267 . There is still a problem with limiting the level of @entity26 available to the @entity267 , resulting in @entity66 . Therefore, the aim of this work is to investigate the physical and structural properties of hydrogel and @entity1346 -hydrogel contact lenses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To achieve the main objective, the project involves the complete, systematic and comprehensive research methodology, techniques of positron lifetime spectroscopy PAL associated with polymerization, nanovoid natural structure of modern polymeric materials used in ophthalmology. This method is particularly sensitive to detect the structure of disordered materials with structural defects. Therefore it is reasonable to use PAL spectroscopy in studies of polymer nanostructures change contact lenses used in ophthalmology. RESULTS: As a result of the measurements obtained curve describing the dependence of the number of counts of acts of annihilation as a function of time. Distribution of positron lifetime spectra into three components, allows to extract the longest third component which gives information about the geometrical parameters of free volume. Clear changes were observed long-living component lifetimes of @entity18010 and their intensities between the lenses tested. CONCLUSIONS: The measurements allowed us to isolate and calculate the value of long-living tau3 and its intensity I3, which values are component of positron lifetime associated with the formation of @entity18010 ( @entity18010 ) and is a measure of the density distribution of free volume creation. The results of these measurements indicate that the formation of free volume holes takes place both in the hydrogel lens and @entity1346 -hydrogel. However, the size of free volume and the amount of free volume occurring for @entity1346 -hydrogel lenses are greater than for hydrogel lenses. The study nanovoid structure of polymeric materials, their size and number suggest a relationship with the @entity26 permeability of contact lenses, which implies a continuation and extension of the initial research.

title: Investigation of the free volume changes in one day hydrogel and one day XXXX -hydrogel contact lenses by means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity18010 :: ('CHEBI:46653', 'Chemical') :: ['ortho-positronium', 'o-Ps']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of therapy for @entity226 , but relapse during dose tapering and @entity228 -related adverse events often complicate management of this condition. Although several approaches, including combined therapy with cytotoxic agents, have been suggested to overcome these problems, no study has clearly shown benefits of alternate treatments. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the safety and efficacy of combined therapy with @entity288 and @entity1499 in @entity226 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: University-based clinic. @entity1 : 42 @entity1 with new-onset @entity226 according to biopsy. INTERVENTION: High initial doses of @entity228 were given; the dose was then tapered quickly until therapy was completely withdrawn. @entity1499 or placebo was given weekly from the start of @entity228 therapy for 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: Number of relapses, cumulative dose of @entity228 , and number of adverse events were assessed on completion of follow-up. RESULTS: Compared with combined @entity229 and placebo therapy, treatment with @entity229 and @entity1499 reduced the proportion of @entity1 who experienced at least one relapse (45% vs. 84.2%; P = 0.02) and the proportion of @entity1 who experienced multiple relapses (P = 0.004). The mean cumulative dose of @entity229 was 4187 +/- 1529 mg in the @entity1499 group and 5489.5 +/- 1396 mg in the placebo group (mean difference, 1302 mg [95% CI, 350 to 2253 mg]; P = 0.009). Overall, the rate and severity of adverse events were similar between groups. Treatment was discontinued in 3 @entity1 in the @entity1499 group who experienced definite drug-related adverse events. In sensitivity analysis that included @entity1 lost to follow-up, differences between groups in number of relapses and cumulative dose of @entity229 were significant. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity1499 plus @entity228 is a safe alternative to @entity228 therapy alone in @entity1 with @entity226 and is more effective in controlling disease.

title: Combined treatment of XXXX with @entity1499 and @entity229 . a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant-cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity226 :: (MESH:D013700,Disease) :: ['giant-cell arteritis']


abstract: The effects of i.v. @entity1242 were studied by ECG and enzymatically in 16 @entity1 (mean age 57.9 +/- 1.4 years) (NTG) in comparison with a control lot (c) of 17 @entity1 (mean age 62.7 +/- 2.1 years) treated with @entity4341 and/or @entity594 (N), admitted in the first 4-10 hours after the onset of the first symptoms. The @entity1 with @entity712 and those with Q waves and @entity9153 or LDH values greater than 2 x n were not admitted. NTG was administered in doses of 20 micrograms--60 microgram/hour for 24-96 hours and @entity299 (s) was kept under 10% of the basic values but not under 100 mmHg. @entity583 appeared in 9 N-treated @entity1 (54.86%) and 11 controls (58.25%) (p = 0.07). The size of @entity296 was reduced in the N-treated patients. Peak serum @entity9153 levels had considerably less increases in N (from 72.9 U to 73.4 U) (p greater than 00.5) versus C from 34.2 U to 364.5 U) (p less than 0.001). The sum of segmentary @entity308 failed from 9.13 mm to 3.19 mm (p less than 0.05) in N, whereas in C the decrease was not significant (6.12 mm as against 9.38 mm; p greater than 0.05). The evolution was severe in C, as the angina crises (14 cases versus 2 cases, p less than 0.01) and the extension of the @entity1188 (8 cases versus, 0; p 0.05) less than 0.05) appeared more frequently than in N. Only two @entity1 in C died (p less than 0.05). Therefore, i.v. NTG administration in small doses in acute @entity583 leads to immediate disappearance of the @entity158 , lowers the extent of the @entity296 and improves the clinical evolution.

title: [The effects of XXXX administered intravenously in acute myocardial ischemia].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic AT']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: @entity63 is one of the strongest stimuli for gene induction in the brain. More than 80 different mRNAs have been found to be induced by @entity2806 so far. Many of these genes encode protein products that are involved directly or indirectly in neuronal survival. These include genes that promote recovery by enhanced gene expression (for example, @entity1457 proteins or growth factors) or attempt to protect them from delayed @entity528 (for example anti-apoptosis genes). @entity528 can be promoted by induction of apoptosis genes or genes that cause a stress to the cells, such as free radical production by @entity2821 or iNOS. Even though so many @entity63 -inducible genes have been identified, the general reduction of gene transcription and inhibition of protein translation affect neuronal survival the most. The lack of protein synthesis is especially significant when the cells are challenged by @entity63 followed by the attack of free radicals during the subsequent recirculation. Even though the @entity63 -induced gene expression has a dichotomy to beneficial and harmful genes, several genes such as those encoding transcription factors may participate in both cellular responses. Therefore, pinpointing the receptors and signal transduction mechanisms responsible for the induction of different genes is of interest. So far, only @entity143 (Fig. 1) and possibly KA/ @entity140 receptor and to some extent alpha 2-adrenoreceptor have proved to be involved in the regulation of perifocal gene induction. Nevertheless, interfering with gene expression offers a potential opportunity for the development of a novel @entity64 therapy.

title: Altered gene expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death', 'Neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['brain ischemia']


abstract: The dynamic self-regulating prosthesis (protesi autoregolantesi dinamica, PAD) is a double-layered prosthesi, in use since 1992 in @entity169 . In 1999, we published the short-term results on 500 @entity1 and herein we report the long-term follow-up. Five hundred eighty-five PAD procedures were performed on 500 adult male, unselected @entity1 . @entity547 were unilateral in 415 @entity1 , were bilateral in 85 @entity1 , were direct in 197 @entity1 (33.7%), were indirect in 269 @entity1 (46.0%), and were combined in 119 @entity1 (20.3%). Four hundred sixty-four @entity1 were alive at the follow-up period of minimum 5 years, whereas 36 died (7.2%) of causes unrelated to the @entity547 . No information was available on 73 @entity1 (14.6%). Therefore, the follow-up was consisted of 391 @entity1 (78.2%) with 469 @entity547 . The recurrence and @entity194 rates were nil. Three @entity1 (0.77%) presented @entity1118 and 18 (4.6%) suffered persistent discomfort or @entity809 . A hydrocoele was observed in one @entity1 (0.2%). The long-term data confirm the efficacy of the dynamic self-regulating posthesis hernioplasty. We propose it as a standard of care in all cases of primary @entity169 in adult males, retaining it as a definitive and comfortable solution.

title: Dynamic self-regulating prosthesis (protesi autoregolantesi dinamica): the long-term results in the treatment of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['testicular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias', 'Hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The transport of large proteins across the glomerular capillary wall (GCW) may increase several fold in @entity8 . The occurrence of IgM in urine is a consequence of the presence of large defects or shunts in the GCW, whereas @entity633 is probably a result of an altered charge- and size-selectivity of the GCW. In order to examine whether patho-morphological differences influence the renal outcome in proteinuric glomerulopathies, we examined urinary excretion of IgM and albumin as prognostic markers of @entity8 . METHODS: An observational study over a median of 41 (+/-3) months was conducted in 84 @entity1 with biopsy-verified @entity8 . The @entity1 were subdivided into groups with low (< or =0.002) and high (>0.002) @entity644 selectivity index based upon IgM (IgM-SI), and into groups with low (< or =200 mg/mmol) and high (>200 mg/mmol) albumin creatinine index (ACI). RESULTS: In the high IgM-SI group, the median @entity1011 clearance (Ccr) decreased by 26%, and 62% of the @entity1 decreased in Ccr by >5 ml/ min/year during the follow-up time. In comparison, the median Ccr decreased by 8% in the low IgM-SI group (P<0.001) and only 18% of the @entity1 in this group deteriorated by >5 ml/min/year in the Ccr. Eleven (21%) of the 51 @entity1 in the high IgM-SI group developed @entity454 compared with none of the 33 @entity1 in the low IgM-SI group. All the @entity1 that progressed to uraemia had decreased Ccr (<60 ml/min) at entry into the study. However, among all these @entity1 , only those with high IgM-SI, and none with low IgM-SI, developed end @entity177 . The fall in Ccr did not differ significantly between the @entity1 in high (12%) and low (16%) ACI groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that an increased IgM-SI value is a stronger predictor of clinical outcome in proteinuric glomerulopathies than baseline @entity633 . This finding may reflect different patho-histological mechanisms influencing renal survival in @entity8 .

title: High @entity644 selectivity index based upon IgM is a strong predictor of poor renal survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular diseases', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerular diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: Systematic monitoring of sedation, @entity158 and @entity933 in the ICU is of paramount importance in delivering adequate @entity1 care. While the use of systematic monitoring instruments is widely agreed upon, these tools are infrequently implemented into daily ICU care. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two different training strategies (training according to the local standard vs. modified extended method) on the implementation rate of scoring instruments on the ICU. METHODS: In this experimental cohort study we analyzed the frequency of scoring on three surgical ICUs before and after training, and in a 1 year follow-up. A modified extended training included establishing a local support team helping to resolve immediate problems. In addition we evaluated the impact on @entity1 ' outcome. RESULTS: ICUs trained by the modified extended method showed increased documentation rates of all scores per @entity1 and day. In a 1 year follow-up, increased scoring rates for all scores were maintained. Scoring rates with training according to the local standard training protocol did not increase significantly. @entity933 and @entity158 monitoring were associated with a decrease in mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.451; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.924, and, respectively, OR 0.348; 95 % CI: 0.140-0.863]. Monitoring had no significant influence on ventilation time or ICU length of stay. CONCLUSIONS: A modified extended training strategy for ICU monitoring tools (sedation, @entity158 , @entity933 ) leads to higher intermediate and long-term implementation rates and is associated with improved @entity1 outcome. However, these findings may have been biased by unmeasured confounders.

title: How to implement monitoring tools for sedation, XXXX and @entity933 in the intensive care unit: an experimental cohort study.

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium', 'Implementation of delirium']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Nineteen consecutive @entity1 underwent @entity1795 for the treatment of Stage 2 @entity12290 . The @entity1795 tendon was utilized for transfer because it approximates the strength of the posterior tibialis muscle and is stronger than the peroneus brevis muscle. Seventeen @entity1 returned for follow-up examination, follow-up time 18 months (ave.). The AOFAS hindfoot score improved from 62.4/100 to 83.6/100. The subjective portion of the AOFAS hindfoot score improved from 31.0/60.0 to 48.9/60. Weightbearing preoperative and postoperative radiographs revealed no statistically significant improvement for the medial longitudinal arch in measurements of lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, calcaneal pitch, vertical distance from the floor to the medial cuneiform, or talonavicular coverage angle. Three feet had a normal medial longitudinal arch and six feet had a longitudinal arch similar to the opposite side following the procedure. @entity1 satisfaction was high: 10 @entity1 satisfied without reservations, 6 @entity1 satisfied with minor reservations, and 1 dissatisfied. No @entity1 complained of donor deficit from the harvested @entity1795 tendon. Despite the inability of the procedure to improve the height of the medial longitudinal arch, @entity1795 transfer combined with medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy yielded good to excellent clinical results and a high @entity1 satisfaction rate.

title: Treatment of stage II XXXX with flexor hallucis longus transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity12290 :: ('MESH:D037081', 'Disease') :: ['posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['FHL', 'flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon transfer and medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy']

answer: @entity12290 :: (MESH:D037081,Disease) :: ['posterior tibial tendon dysfunction']


abstract: We present four @entity1 5, 10, 12, and 17 years of age, each with a long history of severe @entity1142 and @entity23454 of the gut. Three had partial or total resection of the colon, all had enterostomies, and only one maintains normal bowel function after reanastomosis. We report the clinical courses, radiologic findings, and operative procedures for all four cases. Preoperative full-thickness biopsies and the resected colon specimens revealed a complete or incomplete lack of the mesh network of collagen. The connective-tissue layer between the circular and longitudinal muscles was missing. Contrary to expectations, the @entity3002 ( @entity3002 ) was normal or near-normal in the affected areas. @entity9680 was found additionally in some proximal segments of colon and/or small bowel. This combination of clinical symptoms and pathological findings is called desmosis of the colon with reference to a working hypothesis in a preliminary report by Meier-Ruge in 1998. Aplastic or hypoplastic desmosis may be the reason for the disturbed gut motility. Histologic examination should thus not only exclude changes of the @entity3002 .

title: Four cases of desmosis coli: severe chronic @entity1142 , massive dilatation of the colon, and XXXX due to of changes in the colonic connective-tissue net.

entities_list: @entity23454 :: ('MESH:C536138', 'Disease') :: ['hypoperistalsis']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['Hypo- and dysganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['enteric nervous system', 'ENS']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity23454 :: (MESH:C536138,Disease) :: ['hypoperistalsis']


abstract: Endothelial function is impaired in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Many states characterized by @entity409 are associated with increased cardiovascular sympathetic outflow. In this study, we investigated endothelial and autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning in FDRs and tested the hypothesis that in basal condition, impaired endothelial function is associated with impaired cardiovascular ANS regulation. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation of the brachial artery was measured with high-resolution ultrasound in 27 otherwise healthy FDRs (14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; mean age 32 years) with normal oral @entity413 tolerance and in 15 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Cardiovascular ANS regulation was investigated by means of spectral analysis of heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) variability. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the spontaneous baroreflex sequences technique. Flow-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation was 9.4+/-1.0% in FDRs and 17.0+/-2.3% in control subjects (P=0.001). @entity4365 in SBP variability were 8.6+/-2.8 and 2.8+/-0.6 mm Hg in FDRs and controls, respectively (P=0.04). Baroreflex sensitivity was significantly less in FDRs than controls (22.8+/-2.7 versus 37.0+/-5.8, respectively; P=0.01). Change in vessel diameter was inversely correlated with the low-frequency component of SBP variability (r=-0.40; P=0.014). In healthy FDRs of @entity6 @entity1 there is a concomitant, possibly related, impairment in endothelial and ANS functioning, which manifests, indirectly, with increase in vascular sympathetic outflow and a depressed baroreflex, vagal, control of heart rate.

title: Concomitant impairment in endothelial function and neural cardiovascular regulation in offspring of @entity164 2 XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['Low-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: We analyzed 104 @entity1 with @entity4254 who underwent microvascular decompression and who were followed up for more than 12 months during the period from January 1992 to June 1998. In this recent series, we utilized three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF MRA) for all @entity1 with @entity4254 . A 3D-TOF MRA was beneficial in treatment planning and in predicting surgical outcome by demonstrating @entity2850 as well excluding other etiologies such as @entity5 or @entity455 . The @entity1 were followed up for 1-7 years (mean 5.7 +/- 1.2 years). Initial @entity158 relief was complete in 89 @entity1 (85.6%) and partial in 12 @entity1 (11.5%). There were three primary failures (2.9%). The acceptable @entity158 relief rate (complete relief: 79.8%, partial relief: 11.5%) was determined in the long-term follow-up of surgical results. @entity158 recurred in 6 @entity1 (5.8%). The mean time to recurrence was 48 months (36-93 months). There were no serious or annoying complications such as anesthesia dolorosa.

title: Microvascular decompression in XXXX : a correlation of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and surgical findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve compression']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: Transplantation of a cryopreserved tracheal allograft is considered to be a useful strategy in treating @entity9933 . Recent reports of tracheal transplant experiments have shown that the antigenicity of the @entity825 is decreased by cryopreservation, making transplantation of the @entity825 possible. However, we reported that cryopreserved tracheal allografts exhibited favorable patency, but no significant growth in an animal model. In this study, we hypothesize that an immune reaction may play a role in the failure of an allograft's growth. Each allograft was harvested from 90- to 120-day-old Japanese @entity95 , immersed in preservation solution, stored in a programmable freezer until it reached -80 C, and then kept for 1 month. Orthotopic tracheal transplantation of four tracheal rings in an end-to-end fashion was performed in age-matched young @entity95 . Ten recipients were classified into three groups: a group provided with @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) as an immunosuppressant (n = 6), a group receiving a graft irradiated before transplantation (n = 2), and a control group (n = 2). All grafts were evaluated 4-8 weeks after transplantation ( @entity1140 group: 3-13 weeks). Body weight gain of the @entity1140 group was less than that of the other two groups. All grafts were well incorporated with the recipients macroscopically, but the grafts showed no growth in diameter. Microscopic examination showed @entity32 in the @entity1140 and control groups temporarily. The irradiated allografts had marked @entity82 in the subepithelium. Although calcification of the tracheal cartilage was present in all transplanted allografts, the difference between groups was not significant. Patency of the cryopreserved tracheal allografts was favorable but no growth occurred even with an immunosuppressant. Further studies are required to address the growth of the tracheal allograft.

title: Transplantation of the cryopreserved tracheal allograft in growing XXXX : effect of immunosuppressant.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity9933 :: ('MESH:C536975', 'Disease') :: ['congenital tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Multisite pacing is a novel concept for the prevention of recurrent drug-refractory @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Two different pacing methods have been described, biatrial pacing and dual-site right atrial stimulation. The use of multisite pacing as preventive therapy for recurrences of @entity955 is still under investigation. We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover study in @entity1 with recurrent @entity955 without or with minimal structural @entity299 . After implantation of a @entity3603 pacemaker, @entity1 were randomized to either dual-site pacing first (Group I) or single-site (high right atrium) pacing first (Group II) and, after 6 months of treatment, the device was reprogrammed to the other pacing mode. Preliminary results of 13 @entity1 in each group are presented. Clinical characteristics of @entity1 in both groups with respect to age, sex, left atrial dimension, left ventricular function, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were comparable. Pacing therapy was combined with antiarrhythmic drug treatment. After completion of the study protocol, the @entity943 -free interval was not remarkably different in either group. However, the endpoint free interval (i.e., the need for electrical cardioversion because of recurrent @entity955 lasting >24 hours, was less during dual-site pacing in Group II. Within 6 months, 43 @entity1 enrolled in this study will have completed the protocol.

title: Multisite atrial pacing: an option for XXXX prevention? Preliminary results of the Dutch Dual-site Right Atrial Pacing for Prevention of @entity955 study.

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['drug-refractory AF', 'atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: In the past thirty years, fifty @entity438 due to non-specific @entity32 in forty-two @entity1 were operated on. Twenty-five @entity1 were males and 17 were females; their average age was 38 years. The majority of the @entity439 were located in the abdominal aorta, common carotid artery, and femoral artery. Clinical diagnoses were @entity12040 (11), Beh  et's disease (3), @entity226 (2), and @entity1252 (1). The other twenty-five cases were of undetermined etiology. There were fourteen cases of @entity397 , and long-term @entity134 administration in five cases was suspected of playing a major role in inducing this grave sequel. Aneurysmectomy with arterial reconstruction was performed on 37 cases. Various histological findings of @entity32 were observed in the resected specimens. The suture @entity439 occurred in eight cases in the late period. Surgical care of non-specific @entity438 was judged to be more difficult than that of @entity731 .

title: Surgical treatment of non-specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell aortitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's disease"]

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arterial aneurysms', 'arterial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['inflammatory arterial aneurysms']


abstract: A new fixed schedule of ovarian stimulation for @entity52 was developed, which is not only simpler and easier to handle for the @entity1 but also yields better fertilization and pregnancy rates. The period and beginning of stimulation are shifted by means of a contraceptive pill, so that stimulation can generally be started on a Sunday. The @entity1 takes 100 mg @entity4082 for 5 days and 7.5 mg @entity617 for 30 days to suppress possible exaggerated adrenal @entity3800 ; she also receives 150 IU of @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) i.m. every other day from her family physician. From the 8th day of stimulation onwards, follicular growth is registered by daily ultrasound at the @entity52 center. When the dominant follicle exceeds 18 mm in diameter, 5000 IU @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is given. Blood sampling for hormone estimations is not necessary, and only one sample of urine is needed for the LH estimation before hCG. In comparison to @entity4082 ( @entity4082 ) alone, Clomid plus HMG/FSH and HMG/FSH alone, this protocol resulted in significantly higher fertilization and pregnancy rates per follicular puncture. The rate of abortions and extrauterine pregnancies, on the other hand decreased. When comparing repetitive @entity52 cycles with the first @entity52 cycle, a significant reduction of oocytes in repetitions was found, but no difference was found in the number of fertilized eggs. The pregnancy rate, on the other hand, increased in the repeat cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A fixed stimulation protocol for XXXX ( @entity52 ) without determinations of hormones in blood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'clomiphene', 'Clomid']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity52 :: (MESH:C566179,Disease) :: ['in vitro fertilization']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the costs and outcomes of palliative chemotherapy in @entity1 with recurrent and refractory @entity43 from the perspective of a health care provider. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 40 consecutive @entity1 who started second- or third-line chemotherapy for recurrent or refractory @entity43 between 1989 and 1992. Resource utilization from the commencement of second- or third-line chemotherapy until death or last follow-up evaluation was determined from a detailed chart review. All elements of care were recorded, including inpatient admissions, outpatient visits, chemotherapy drugs, nonchemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, surgical procedures, investigations, and home care. Costs calculated using the hotel-approximation method are expressed in 1994 Canadian dollars. Actuarial estimates of cost and survival were used to account for censored observations. RESULTS: After a minimum follow-up period of 24 months, 36 of 40 @entity1 had died. The median survival duration of the group was 1.1 years from study entry and 1.7 years from first relapse. The @entity1 received a median of two regimens of chemotherapy (range, one to four) from study entry. They spent a median of 33 days as hospital inpatients (mean, 46; range, 0 to 185); 58% of these inpatient days were for symptomatic management and 32% were for chemotherapy. The mean cost per @entity1 was  53,000 (median,  36,600; range,  4,800 to  162,900). The relationship between cost and survival duration was not linear--the cost per year was lowest for those who lived longest. Inpatient admissions, chemotherapy drugs, and outpatient visits accounted for 62%, 21%, and 8% of the total cost, respectively. The total costs attributable to chemotherapy were  24,000 (45% of total costs) and the total costs attributable to supportive care were  23,000 (43% of total costs). CONCLUSION: These data illustrate the cost of palliative management of recurrent and refractory @entity43 , which must be considered in the context of quality and duration of survival. They indicate the potential to improve cost efficiency by improving resource management, for example, by shifting from inpatient to outpatient chemotherapy, everything else being equal.

title: Resource implications of palliative chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']