abstract: The contributions of different mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems among a collection of @entity2892 - and @entity2889 -nonsusceptible @entity796 isolates were investigated. This screening included the recently reported extended-spectrum cephalosporinases (ESACs) weakly hydrolyzing carbapenems. Eighty-seven percent of the studied isolates were resistant to @entity2892 . Genes encoding metallo-beta-lactamases or @entity2893 -hydrolyzing oxacillinases were not identified. The main mechanism associated with @entity2892 resistance was the loss of outer membrane protein OprD. Identification of overexpressed ESACs and loss of OprD were observed for 65% of the isolates, all being fully resistant to @entity2892 . Resistance to @entity2889 was observed in 78% of the isolates, with all but one also being resistant to @entity2892 . Overexpression of the MexAB-OprM, MexXY-OprM, or MexCD-OprJ efflux systems was observed in 60% of the isolates, suggesting the contribution of efflux mechanisms in resistance to @entity2889 . The loss of porin OprD and the overproduction of ESACs were observed in 100% and 92% of the @entity2889 -resistant isolates, respectively. @entity796 can very often accumulate different resistance mechanisms, including ESAC production, leading to @entity2893 resistance.

title: Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of @entity2893 resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2889 :: ('MESH:C059500', 'Chemical') :: ['meropenem']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1229 , despite its known limitations, is the reference standard treatment for @entity1 with @entity955 and risk factors for @entity64 . We performed a meta-analysis of phase III trials that compare novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with @entity1229 to determine whether they improve clinical outcomes of @entity1 with non-valvular @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS: Three randomized trials that compared NOACs with @entity1229 in @entity955 were selected. The primary efficacy endpoint was the incidence of @entity64 or systemic @entity887 . The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of major @entity548 . RESULTS: A total of 50578 @entity1 were included. NOACs significantly decreased @entity64 or systemic @entity887 (2.8% vs 3.5%, odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.74-0.91, P<0.001), @entity204 (6.0% vs 6.3%, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82-0.95, P=0.001) and @entity64 (2.4% vs 3.0%, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.88, P<0.001). The reduction in @entity64 was mainly driven by fewer @entity64 (0.3% vs 0.8%, OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.88, P<0.001). Major @entity548 occurred in 5.0% and 5.6% of @entity1 in the NOACs and @entity1229 groups (OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.69-1.05, P=0.14 in the random-effects model). NOACs were associated with lower rates of @entity510 (0.6% vs 1.3%, P<0.001) and higher rates of @entity360 (2.3% vs 1.3%, P=0.036). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 , NOACs decrease @entity64 or systemic @entity887 , @entity64 and mortality, with similar risk of major @entity548 compared to @entity1229 .

title: Novel oral anticoagulants versus @entity1229 in non-valvular @entity955 : a meta-analysis of 50,578 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemorrhagic strokes', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'non-valvular AF']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We surveyed our data over a 15-year period to determine the prevalence of @entity296 diagnoses in our database and characterized the cases in regards to demographic and clinicopathological data. Furthermore we evaluated implications for screening. The data were acquired through our computerized database containing autopsy reports. Only cases with typical anatomical and histological features were included. The total number of autopsies in the studied period was 7,185 of which 32 suited the following criteria: 14 arrythmogenic right @entity296 (ARVC), 8 @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ), 8 @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and 2 other @entity296 . Symptoms of @entity299 were present in 8 ARVC, 3 @entity1121 and 7 @entity384 cases. Symptoms of @entity299 , including suspected @entity1164 , were present in the families of 5 cases. In two of these families the illnesses were discovered as a result of testing after autopsy. We underscore that these diseases are difficult to diagnose as the presenting symptoms are elusive. We found the circumstances around death to be extremely varied, and found that new hereditary cases could be discovered after autopsy. This places an intriguing perspective on the integration of standardized screening protocols with participation from forensic institutes.

title: Characterization of XXXX cases at a forensic institute in the period 1992-2006 and perspectives for screening.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac deaths']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathies', 'cardiomyopathies', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathies']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Hospital length of stay (LOS) is frequently used to evaluate the quality of @entity130 care but LOS may be impacted by nonmedical factors as well. We reviewed our experience with delays in @entity1 discharge to determine its financial consequences and its impact on LOS. We performed an analysis of linked @entity130 registry and "delayed discharge" databases. Actual LOS (A-LOS) values were compared with calculated ideal LOS (I-LOS) values, and the per cent increase in LOS was calculated. Linear regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of prolonged LOS. One thousand, five hundred and seventeen @entity1 were studied, with an A-LOS of 6.54 days. Seven per cent of @entity1 experienced discharge delays, resulting in 580 excess hospital days. Calculated I-LOS was 6.15 days, 6.34 per cent lower than A-LOS. Other I-LOS estimates were as much as 25 per cent lower than A-LOS. Estimated excess @entity1 charges associated with delayed discharges @entity2198 . Discharge delays are an infrequent, although costly, occurrence that has a significant impact on LOS. LOS therefore may not be an appropriate metric for assessing the quality of @entity130 care, and should only be used if it has been corrected for discharge delays. Concerted efforts should be directed towards identifying and correcting the factors responsible for delayed discharge in @entity130 @entity1 .

title: Wasted hospital days impair the value of length-of-stay variables in the quality assessment of XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The @entity36066 /atypical @entity6164 (aPKC) complex is required for axon-dendrite specification of hippocampal neurons. However, the downstream effectors of this complex are not well defined. In this article, we report a role for microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK)/ @entity26646 in axon-dendrite specification. Knocking down @entity26646 expression with small interfering RNAs induced formation of @entity528 and promoted axon outgrowth. Ectopic expression of @entity26646 caused phosphorylation of tau (S262) and led to loss of axons, and this phenotype was rescued by expression of @entity14138 , @entity7380 , and aPKC. In contrast, the polarity defects caused by an @entity26646 mutant ( @entity36067 ), which is not responsive to aPKC, were not rescued by the @entity14138 / @entity7380 /aPKC complex. Moreover, polarity was abrogated in neurons overexpressing a mutant of @entity26646 with a deleted kinase domain but an intact aPKC-binding domain. Finally, suppression of @entity26646 rescued the polarity defects induced by a dominant-negative aPKC mutant. These results suggest that @entity26646 is involved in neuronal polarization and functions downstream of the @entity14138 / @entity7380 /aPKC complex. We propose that aPKC in complex with @entity14138 / @entity7380 negatively regulates MARK(s), which in turn causes dephosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins, such as tau, leading to the assembly of microtubules and elongation of axons.

title: Microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 2 functions downstream of the @entity14138 / XXXX /atypical @entity6164 complex in regulating hippocampal neuronal polarity.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['multiple axon-like neurites']

answer: @entity7380 :: (100506965,Gene) :: ['PAR-6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of matrix metalloproteinases ( @entity1476 , @entity1495 ) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity1552 , @entity2843 ) in @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). METHODS: Thirty six @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and 32 @entity1 with @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ), confirmed by pathology, were selected, and 30 cases of normal skin were selected as control. The expression of @entity1476 , @entity1495 , @entity2843 and @entity1552 in all samples were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expression rate, expression intensity and expression level of each factor were recorded. The results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The expression rates of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in the control group were 30.0% and 36.7%, the expression levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in the control group were 57.216    12.785 and 59.318    13.262, all significantly lower than those in the @entity5 edge and center of the @entity957 and @entity1491 groups (P < 0.01). The expression rates of @entity2843 and @entity1552 in the control group were 96.7% and 100%, their expression levels were 121.738    25.516 and 122.612    25.964, all significantly higher than those in the @entity957 and @entity1491 groups (P < 0.01). The expression levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in the @entity5 center and edge of @entity957 group were significantly higher than those in the corresponding parts of the @entity1491 group, while the expression levels of @entity2843 and @entity1552 were significantly lower than those in the @entity1491 group (P < 0.01). The expression levels of @entity1476 and @entity1495 in the @entity5 edge of the @entity957 and @entity1491 groups were significantly higher than those in the @entity5 centers (P < 0.01), while the expression levels of @entity2843 and @entity1552 were significantly lower than those in the @entity5 centers (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1476 , @entity1495 and @entity1552 , @entity2843 may play an important role in the development, progression, invasion and @entity3 of @entity1489 .

title: [Expression and significance of matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiological studies have shown that @entity835 ; the most widely used illegal drug in the world, is associated with @entity72 ( @entity72 ). AIMS: To assess the characteristics of @entity835 use and its association with @entity72 in a cohort of psychiatrically ill @entity1 and discuss the implications for policy development METHODS: This is a retrospective analytical study of a cohort of @entity146 @entity1 who received treatment in the psychiatry unit of the Provincial General Hospital, Ratnapura, @entity3595 Lanka over five years (2000 - 2004). The @entity72 defined in this article include @entity161 and the @entity914 . RESULTS: A total of 3644 @entity1 records were analyzed. The percentage of self reported life time @entity835 (LTC) use was 2.83% (103, all males). Sixteen percent (576) of the total cohort was diagnosed with @entity72 by 2009. Male sex and LTC use were significantly associated with @entity72 (p < 0.01 and 0.001 respectively). In the majority (91.5%), @entity835 use preceded the diagnosis. There were 17(16.5%) @entity1 diagnosed as @entity835 induced @entity716 and 7 (41.2%) of them were subsequently diagnosed as @entity72 . This group was significantly more likely to have had a past @entity146 consultation, but other demographic and clinical correlates did not differ from the rest of the LTC users. CONCLUSIONS: Self reported LTC use was strongly associated with being diagnosed with @entity72 . However we could not identify a particular subgroup of users that are at increased risk to recommend targeted primary prophylaxis. The policy implications of this observation are discussed.

title: A retrospective analysis of @entity835 use in a cohort of mentally ill XXXX in @entity3595 Lanka and its implications on policy development.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorders']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['SSD', 'schizophrenia spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Early diagnosis of @entity281 is a pressing need to enable efficient intervention with the spread of @entity281 in herds. Hence, study of lymphocyte subsets and their expressed adhesion molecules could contribute in defining a distinct diagnostic marker (or markers) at the subclinical period of the infection that could in turn facilitate the development of effective diagnostic approach. In accordance with this objective, milk and blood samples were collected from two groups of @entity291 naturally infected with MAP and their corresponding negative controls. Group (C) comprised 3-4 year-old ELISA negative/PCR positive- @entity291 that were considered as subclinical seronegative low shedder group (early stage). Group (A) included 6-8 year-old ELISA positive- @entity291 , which were considered as a clinical seropositive group (late stage). Flow cytometry of B cells, CD8(+), @entity9214 (+) and gammadelta cells and the adhesion molecules @entity27217 (+), CD62L, LFA-1 and LPAM-1 indicated increase in @entity9214 (+) and B cells levels, with higher levels in blood than milk of group A, and significant expression of @entity27217 (+) in blood and milk and LPAM-1 in blood only. The CD8(+) cells count in milk was higher than blood in the late stage. The peculiar feature of the early stage (group C) was the high level of gammadelta cells in the blood and milk, with tendency to express high level of CD62L. Compelling evidence could support the assumption that the dominant gammadelta cells at early stage of @entity281 could be of CD8CD2(-)WC+1(+) phenotype. gammadelta cells appear as promising markers in defining early changes of @entity281 due to their important role in priming innate and cell mediated immunity. Possible utilization of these peculiar changes in the gammadelta cells level in the early diagnosis of @entity281 should be the subject of further research.

title: The gammadelta cells as marker of non-seroconverted XXXX naturally infected with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['MAP infection']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10501 signaling regulates the functions of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Available reports on the effects of @entity10501 on bone mass are contradictory. The objective of this study was to determine the change of @entity10501 expression in the osteoporotic bone of OVX @entity19 . The effects of @entity10501 signaling blockade by using its specific receptor antagonist @entity13307 on bone remodeling in sham-operated @entity19 and OVX @entity19 were also investigated. METHODS: Forty-eight nine-week-old female C57BL/6J @entity19 were evenly distributed into three groups with sham surgery, OVX or OVX with @entity172 replacement. @entity10501 expression in the bones of each group of @entity19 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Another thirty-two nine-week-old female C57BL/6J @entity19 were divided into a SHAM group (sham surgery followed by vehicle treatment with @entity3733 ), a SHAM  +  L group (sham surgery followed by 15  mg/kg/d @entity13307 repeated intraperitoneal injections), an OVX group (ovariectomy with the same vehicle treatment) and an OVX  +  L group (ovariectomy with the same @entity13307 injections), with 8 @entity19 in each group. Treatment started 3 weeks after surgery and last for 3 weeks. A 2  *  2 factorial experimental design was used to detect the effects of @entity10501 signaling blockade on bone remodeling in sham-operated @entity19 and OVX @entity19 . Techniques including micro-computed tomography, biomechanical testing, histomorphometric analysis, enzyme immunoassay, and real-time PCR were employed. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay revealed that @entity10501 expression significantly decreased in the bones of OVX @entity19 both at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery. Micro-CT tomography demonstrated that application of @entity13307 led to @entity604 in sham-operated @entity19 , and aggravated the micro-structural deterioration of bones in OVX @entity19 . This was shown by reduced BV/TV (Mean bone volume fraction), Tb.N (Mean trabecular number) and Tb.Th (Mean trabecular thickness), and increased Tb.Sp (Mean trabecular separation). Biomechanical analysis demonstrated that blockade of @entity10501 signaling reduced the maximum stress and maximum load of L3 vertebrae and tibiae. Inhibited recruitment of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to bone remodeling sites, which was evidenced by increased number of osteoclasts, @entity393 and increased osteoid volume in the secondary spongiosa, was observed in the @entity19 treated with @entity13307 . A significant decrease of @entity16323 / @entity5271 ratio was also found in the bones of @entity19 treated with @entity13307 . Body weight, uterine weight and serum @entity53 level were not significantly different between the @entity19 treated with @entity13307 and those treated with vehicle. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated that blocking @entity10501 signaling led to @entity604 in sham-operated @entity19 , and exacerbated the @entity604 in OVX @entity19 . @entity10501 signaling had an important role in the maintenance of bone mass.

title: Inhibition of XXXX signaling aggravates the @entity604 in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased number of osteoblasts']

answer: @entity10501 :: (21333(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['substance P']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the ability of glycated hemoglobin (GHb) to predict @entity209 in an Iranian population with normal @entity413 tolerance (NGT). METHODS: A cross-sectional study of first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 was conducted from 2003 to 2005. A total of 1386 FDRs of consecutive @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 30-60 years old (355 @entity1 and 1031 @entity1 ) with NGT were examined. All subjects underwent a standard 75-gram 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test and GHb measurement. Consensus criteria in 2009 were used to identify @entity209 . Unadjusted and adjusted multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the risk of @entity209 . The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of @entity1 was 42.4 (6.3) years. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity209 was 17.5% in @entity1 and 21.5% in @entity1 . The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of @entity209 was 2.01 (1.03, 3.93) for the highest quintile of GHb compared with lowest quintile. These data indicate that GHb was associated with @entity209 , independently of gender among FDRs of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with NGT. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that GHb below the level for @entity5710 might be a predictive measure of @entity209 in FDRs of @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 with NGT.

title: Glycated hemoglobin as a predictor for XXXX in an Iranian population with normal @entity413 tolerance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is mediated by a T helper 17 (Th17) cell inflammatory process. This study describes the changes in serum levels of @entity4155 , 22 and 23 in @entity1 of @entity1569 treated with narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB). METHODS: The serum levels of @entity4155 , 22 and 23 were compared with a control group (n   =   30) before and after NBUVB. In addition, post-NBUVB levels were compared with healthy controls. Psoriasis Area Severity Score (PASI) and Body Surface Area scoring were used to evaluate severity of disease. RESULTS: When compared with the non- @entity1569 control group, @entity4155 , 22 and 23 were higher in @entity1569 @entity1 (p   <   0.05, p   <   0.001, p   <   0.001, respectively). The serum levels of all three interleukins strongly correlated with severity of disease. Although @entity4155 , 22 and 23 decreased after NBUVB, decline in @entity4155 was not significant after phototherapy as compared to controls (p   =   0.634). @entity13236 and 23 continued to remain elevated post-phototherapy when compared with control group (p   <   0.05, p   <   0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The serum levels of @entity4155 , 22 and 23 decrease after phototherapy in @entity1569 . Post-phototherapy only the @entity4155 levels decrease to that of non- @entity1569 controls. Our study supports the role of T helper 17 cell specific cytokines in @entity1569 and a possible mechanism of action of NBUVB via inhibition of these cytokines.

title: Effect of narrow band ultraviolet B phototherapy on T helper 17 cell specific cytokines (interleukins-17, 22 and 23) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'psoriasis vulgaris']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis vulgaris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study presented a 35-year-old female @entity1 in whom fecal occult blood was detected in a medical check-up. Colonoscopy revealed a superficial @entity5 with central @entity308 in the lower rectum. The @entity5 was diagnosed as T1 deep invasive @entity5 . No swollen lymph nodes or distant @entity3 were found on computed tomography or @entity419 -positron emission tomography with computed tomography. However, a swollen right lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN; short axis 4 mm) was revealed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This lymph node exhibited high intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), suggesting @entity3 . Low anterior resection, regional lymph node dissection and right @entity5848 ( @entity5848 ) were performed. Histological analysis revealed @entity3 in the right LPLN, as suggested by the high DWI intensity. The indication for @entity5848 in the current Japanese guidelines is based on the @entity5 location and depth of invasion (>= T3), however, not on the status of LPLN @entity3 in pre-operative evaluation. The present case was @entity7487 , which is not included in this indication. DWI is sensitive for the diagnosis of @entity1600 of @entity14 , although inflammation-induced swelling of lymph nodes in advanced @entity5 may cause a false-positive result, which is uncommon in T1 cases. Therefore, an LPLN with a high intensity DWI signal in T1 cases is likely to be @entity3 -positive. Pre-operative DWI-MRI may be useful for identifying LPLN @entity3 when planning the treatment strategy in these cases. The present study suggested reinvestigation of the indication for @entity5848 with inclusion of LPLN status on pre-operative imaging.

title: Diagnosis of lateral pelvic XXXX of T1 lower @entity5 using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: A case report with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection of lower @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer', 'cancer', 'elevated-type tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5848 :: ('MESH:D000784', 'Disease') :: ['LPLN dissection', 'LPLD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node metastasis']


abstract: The @entity19 T-cell-associated antigens encoded by the @entity14547 locus transduce activation signals upon cross-linking on the cell surface and, thus, may be important for T-cell stimulation. Recently, we reported that the expression of @entity3513 and @entity19347 molecules is augmented in resting T cells after exposure to natural @entity19 interferon (MuIFN)-alpha/beta. Here, we examined further the specificity of this IFN effect on @entity14547 antigens. We used purified hybrid recombinant @entity1 (rHu) @entity4020 , which is known to be active on @entity19 cells. T cells from C57B1/6 and BALB/c @entity19 were incubated for 2 days with various concentrations of rHuIFN-alpha A/D or of MuIFN-alpha/beta. The levels of surface @entity3513 and @entity19347 antigens were quantified by flow cytofluorometry. The expression of the TAP (T-cell activating protein) molecule, another member of the @entity14547 antigen family, was also measured. All three types of antigens were enhanced by rHuIFN-alpha A/D in a dose-dependent fashion. The augmentation of the percentage of @entity14547 -bearing cells induced by rHuIFN-alpha A/D was comparable to that induced by MuIFN-alpha/beta. Although rHuIFN-alpha A/D was less active than MuIFN-alpha/beta in increasing @entity3513 and TAP staining intensity, both IFNs were equally effective in increasing @entity19347 staining. Moreover, the induction of @entity14547 antigens by MuIFN-alpha/beta, but not by rHuIFN-alpha A/D, was abrogated by an anti- @entity12419 /beta antiserum. Thus, although rHuIFN-alpha A/D and MuIFN-alpha/beta are antigenically distinct, they share homology in their receptor binding domains such that both can trigger specific events leading to enhanced @entity14547 expression in @entity19 T cells.

title: Recombinant @entity1 @entity4020 enhances the expression of @entity3513 , @entity19347 , and TAP antigens on XXXX T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of low-dose CT to detect and characterize the most common CT patterns of @entity358 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty @entity1 with nodules, consolidations or @entity401 were scanned using a low-dose (128 mm   0.6 mm, 40 reference mAs, 120 kVp) and standard-dose CT protocol (150 reference mAs, 120 kVp). Two radiologists with 3 and 10 years of thoracic imaging experience searched both exams in consensus for the most commonly observed CT patterns according to the Fleischner Society criteria, which consisted of 46 different subgroups of ground-glass opacities, nodules, interstitial and airspace diseases. The standard of reference was established by consensus of a panel of two experienced chest radiologists (9 and 12 years of experience). RESULTS: The lung segments (1080) showed 813 nodules, 596 ground-glass opacities, 74 airspace and 575 @entity401 and 64 normal segments. In particular, air-space disease and nodules were unaffected by the increase in noise. However, the sensitivity to detect ground-glass opacities, ground-glass nodules and interstitial opacities decreased significantly, from 89% to 77%, 86% to 68% and 91% to 71%, respectively (all p-values <0.00001). Using iterative reconstruction instead of the applied filtered back projection sensitivity for ground-glass nodules rose to the sensitivity of standard-dose CT in an additional phantom study. CONCLUSION: A low-dose CT of 40 mAs/120 kVp is feasible for detecting solid nodules, airspace, airways and @entity456 . For diagnosing pathologies consisting of ground-glass opacities or interstitial opacities, higher tube current or iterative reconstruction is required.

title: Accuracy of low-dose computed tomography (CT) for detecting and characterizing the most common CT-patterns of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial disease', 'interstitial diseases']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary disease']


abstract: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) is the most studied @entity12919 in green tea (Camellia sinensis). @entity3090 and green tea are @entity5 preventive in many animal models, and numerous mechanisms have been proposed in cell lines. @entity3090 is poorly bioavailable in @entity1 and rodents. We hypothesized that transdermal delivery of @entity3090 could result in improved bioavailability. Following application of @entity3090 transdermal gel (50 mg kg(-1), t.d.) to SKH-1 @entity19 , @entity3090 was observed in the epidermis (1365.7-121.0 ng g(-1)) and dermis (411.2-42.6 ng g(-1)). The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of @entity3090 was 44.5 ng mL(-1). The t(1/2) (94.4 h) and AUC(0-->24 h) (881.5 ng mL(-1) h) of @entity3090 were greater than values previously reported for oral @entity3090 . The t(1/2) and area under the concentration-time curve up to 24 h (AUC(0-->24 h)) in the liver, small intestine and colon were 21.3-74.6 h and 715-2802 ng g(-1)h, respectively. Stability studies showed that the transdermal formulation was stable at 4 degrees C and had a half-life (t(1/2)) of 47.1 and 20.2 h at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, respectively. These data indicate that transdermal @entity3090 is useful for delivering prolonged levels of @entity3090 to plasma and tissues, and may provide an alternative to tea consumption as a dosage form of @entity3090 .

title: Transdermal delivery of @entity3089 , a green tea polyphenol, in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Bloodstream @entity281 (BSIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Successful @entity1 outcomes are diminished by a failure to rapidly diagnose these @entity281 and initiate appropriate therapy. A rapid and reliable diagnostic platform of high sensitivity is needed for the management of @entity1 with BSIs. The combination of an RNA-dependent nucleic acid sequence-based amplification and molecular beacon (NASBA-MB) detection system in multiplex format was developed to rapidly detect medically important BSI organisms. Probes and primers representing pan-gram-negative, pan-gram-positive, pan-fungal, pan-Candida, and pan-Aspergillus organisms were established utilizing 16S and 28S rRNA targets for bacteria and fungi, respectively. Two multiplex panels were developed to rapidly discriminate @entity2348 at the subkingdom/genus level with a sensitivity of 1 to 50 genomes. A clinical study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of this platform by evaluating 570 clinical samples from a tertiary-care hospital group using blood bottle samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and Youden's index values for pan-gram-positive detection and pan-gram-negative detection were 99.7%, 100%, 0.997 and 98.6%, 95.9%, 0.945, respectively. The positive predictive values ( @entity2286 ) and the negative predictive values (NPV) for these two probes were 100, 90.7, and 99.4, 99.4, respectively. Pan-fungal and pan-Candida probes showed 100% sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , and NPV, and the pan-Aspergillus probe showed 100% NPV. Robust signals were observed for all probes in the multiplex panels, with signal detection in <15 min. The multiplex real-time NASBA-MB assay provides a valuable platform for the rapid and specific diagnosis of bloodstream pathogens, and reliable pathogen identification and characterization can be obtained in under 3 h.

title: Rapid real-time nucleic Acid sequence-based amplification-molecular beacon platform to detect XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial or fungal infections']

answer: @entity2348 :: (MESH:D001424,Disease) :: ['fungal and bacterial bloodstream infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the individual pattern of @entity6937 ( @entity6937 ) in @entity1 with @entity135 who were treated with radiotherapy alone. Reactions were evaluated daily on an individual basis according to the Dische scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Treatment of 87 @entity135 @entity1 comprised either conventional fractionation- ( @entity7617 ; n   =   33), @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ; n   =   33), hyperfractionated- (HPEFX; n   =   12) or hypofractionated (HPOFX; n   =   9) radiotherapy with radical intent. Daily evaluation of @entity6937 progression was performed prospectively using a modified, morphologically functional Dische scoring system. The daily sums of the score parameters were subsequently used to construct an individual @entity6937 course curve for each @entity1 . RESULTS: A latency period ranging from 3 to 14 days between the start of radiotherapy and the occurrence of the first @entity6937 symptom was observed in all @entity1 . Based on the three different shapes of @entity6937 course curve observed during radiotherapy, three types of @entity6937 course can be described: (1) a continual increase in @entity6937 intensity until the completion of radiotherapy; (2) the incidence of a plateau phase following the increase in @entity6937 ( @entity101 ) and (3) decreasing @entity6937 intensity with a healing phase. A continual increase in @entity6937 intensity was observed in about 25   % of @entity7617 and @entity11139 @entity1 and in more than 50   % of HPOFX treatments. This type of reaction was not observed in the HPEFX group. The @entity101 was noted in the majority of @entity11139 and @entity7617 @entity1 ; in almost half of those treated with HPOFX and in all HPEFX @entity1 . A decreasing @entity6937 intensity course was observed in 23   % of all @entity1 , although not observed at all in the HPEFX and HPOFX fractionation groups. CONCLUSION: The course of @entity6937 during radiotherapy can differ between individual @entity1 . After the initial increase in @entity6937 intensity, a stabilization of the reaction--visible as a plateau phase on the course curve--is observed in the majority of @entity1 . A proportion of the irradiated @entity1 experience a continual increase in @entity6937 intensity up until the end of radiotherapy. A further group of @entity1 exists in whom signs of @entity6937 healing are observed during the final stages of radiotherapy.

title: Acute mucosal reactions in @entity1 with XXXX . Three patterns of mucositis observed during radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated fractionation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase-plateau course']

entities_list: @entity6937 :: ('MESH:D054508', 'Disease') :: ['acute mucosal radiation reactions', 'AMRR']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: @entity5254 due to a transsphenoidal approach usually follows accidental or intentional arachnoid opening. We report a @entity1 with an intrasellar @entity145 , who developed delayed onset of @entity5254 . A sixty-two-year-old @entity1 presented with @entity227 for the last 3 years. With the diagnosis of @entity145 or @entity976 's @entity2419 , based on MRI findings of intra-and supra-sellar cyst with CSF intensity, he successfully underwent transsphenoidal surgery without evidence of intra-operative CSF leakage. He developed @entity5254 one week later. This needed another operation for sellar floor repair. The pathomechanism of this delayed onset is explained as follows. Incomplete or oneway communication of subarachnoid space to cyst cavity, unrecognized during surgery, might cause delayed onset of @entity5254 . By using MRI, identification of the residual gland, which was compressed posteriorly, is useful for differentiating an @entity145 from other @entity5409 . In highly suspect cases, even without evidence of intra-operative CSF leakage, peri-operative measures to prevent occurrence of @entity86 are required.

title: Delayed @entity86 of intrasellar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['bitemporal type visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5254 :: ('MESH:D002559', 'Disease') :: ['CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cyst']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative CSF rhinorrhea']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft cyst']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes of a pediatric cohort of @entity1 compared with a matched cohort of adult @entity1 , all diagnosed as having @entity957 ( @entity957 ) of the oral tongue. Outcomes of @entity5 in pediatric @entity1 have not been studied, to our knowledge. DESIGN: Retrospective matched-pair cohort study. SETTING: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. @entity1 : A total of 10 pediatric and 40 adult @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity957 of the oral tongue. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: The 5-year @entity1349 was equivalent in the 2 groups: 70% in the pediatric group and 64% in the adult group (P = .97). The 5-year @entity66 was also equivalent: 80% in the pediatric group and 76% in the adult group (P = .90). The 5-year @entity1349 was 70% in the pediatric group and 78% in the adult group (P = .54). CONCLUSIONS: When pediatric and adult @entity1 were matched for sex, @entity286 use history, TNM status, surgical procedure, and adjuvant radiotherapy, outcomes for @entity1349 , @entity66 , and @entity1349 were equivalent. Pediatric @entity1 with @entity957 of the oral tongue should be treated similarly to adult @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the oral tongue in the pediatric age group: a matched-pair analysis of survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disease-specific survival', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'Overall survival', 'recurrence-free survival']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity362 are rare benign tumors of the lung. Nineteen cases have been reported in Japan. We present a case of @entity362 obstructing the left B4b and @entity102 throughout the left upper lobe. A 42-year-old @entity1 , 174 cm tall and weighing 47 kg, was referred for investigation of an abnormal chest X-ray film. He had a history of @entity55 and pyothorax in infancy. The chest X-ray film showed linear densities and ill-defined, irregular opacities in the upper-middle lung field. CT scan and tomographic studies showed multiple cystic spaces in the left upper lobe in which the volume was diminished. An angiogram of the left bronchial artery showed peripheral @entity358 shunt. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a smooth, pink mass obstructing B4b. Biopsy specimens were insufficient for histological diagnosis. Preoperatively, an inflammatory polyp in association with @entity102 was suspected. @entity1002 was performed on January 13, 1989. Gross examination of the resected specimen showed a pedunculated polypoid mass, 1.5 X 1.2 X 0.6 cm, attached to the bronchial mucosa of B4bii and saccular ectatic changes of bronchi not only in the lingular division but also in upper division. Microscopically, the @entity5 consisted of mature adipose tissue covered with columnar bronchial epithelium. The fat was fairly well localized in the submucosa, but was not encapsulated and did not enclose glands or smooth muscle fibers. The @entity362 was thought to originate in the bronchus of @entity102 .

title: [A case report of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial lipoma', 'Endobronchial lipomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial tumor']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic saccular bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascularity in the left upper lobe and systemic-to-pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left upper lobectomy']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['endobronchial lipoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The experiment was conducted to evaluate corpus luteum (CL) growth, @entity1420 (P4) concentration, and endothelial @entity842 synthase (eNOS) expression in nutrient stair-step fed @entity1237 . Female @entity1237 (n = 32) that exhibited at least 2, normal, consecutive estrous cycles were randomly assigned to either the control or stair-step fed group. In the control group, @entity1237 were fed ad libitum (100% of nutrient requirement for @entity1237 ). The @entity1237 in the stair-step group were fed 70% of the control consumption for the first 42  d and 130% for the later 42  d during 4 consecutive estrous cycles (84  d). Blood and luteal samples were collected on days 3, 8, 13, and 18 of the estrous cycle to determine concentration of @entity413 , insulin, P4, luteal growth, and eNOS expression. Luteal growth was determined using fresh CL weight, DNA content, DNA and protein concentrations, and cell proliferation (labeling index of Ki-67). During realimentation phase at 4  h, @entity413 and insulin concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in stair-step fed @entity1237 than those in control @entity1237 . Fresh CL weight, DNA content, protein concentrations, and labeling index of Ki67 on day 8 of the estrous cycle in the stair-step group were greater (P < 0.05) than that in the control group. Protein for eNOS was located in the capillaries of CL throughout of the estrous cycle in both groups. Greater serum P4 concentrations and eNOS protein (P < 0.05) were observed in the stair-step fed @entity1237 on day 3 (1.83  ng/mL and 6.79%) compared with the control @entity1237 (0.98  ng/mL and 6.02%) and on day 8 (5.15  ng/mL and 7.88%) compared with the control @entity1237 (4.54  ng/mL and 7.07%). These data demonstrate that luteal growth, @entity1420 concentration, and eNOS protein were partially affected by nutrient compensatory gain in @entity1237 .

title: Assessment of caprine corpora lutea growth, XXXX concentration, and eNOS expression: effect of a compensatory gain model.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Bacterial products (e.g., @entity558 ) are viewed as critical stimuli in @entity32 -associated @entity5 . @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ), a major effector of @entity558 , and @entity470 , are key to @entity105 , notably in the hepatobiliary tract. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that @entity558 can initiate an interaction between the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and @entity3840 pathways. We examined the effect of @entity558 in @entity1125 cells that displayed constitutive @entity3840 expression and @entity1421 production and in normal @entity1 biliary epithelial cells in which @entity3840 /PGE(2) expression was virtually absent. @entity558 induced early phosphorylation of @entity470 and @entity1366 in both types of cells, which reached maximum levels within 30 min (first phase). However, only the @entity189 cells showed a second significant rise in both @entity470 and ERK phosphorylation 6 h after exposure to @entity558 (second phase). Inhibition of @entity3840 / @entity1421 production prevented the second, but not the first, phase of @entity470 and @entity1366 phosphorylation, implicating @entity3840 / @entity1421 in the second phase of phosphorylation. @entity558 induced @entity3840 -derived @entity1421 production at 4 h, which was before the rise in the second phosphorylation that occurred at 6 h. Exogenous @entity1421 also caused @entity470 activation via a signaling pathway involving @entity3375 -dependent @entity7790 release. Inhibition of the second phase of @entity470 phosphorylation with @entity470 or @entity3840 inhibitor prevented @entity558 -induced cell invasion in vitro, demonstrating the biological importance of this @entity3840 feedback signaling in @entity5 cells. We conclude that @entity558 triggers a positive feedback loop involving @entity3840 / @entity1421 in @entity1125 cells and that this second phase of @entity470 phosphorylation is implicated in cell invasion by @entity558 .

title: Lipopolysaccharide initiates a positive feedback of @entity470 signaling by @entity1421 in XXXX @entity1125 cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['biliary carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dental implantology is still an expanding field of scientific study because of the number of @entity1 that receive dental therapies throughout their lives worldwide. Recovery times associated to dental surgery are still long and demand strategies to improve integration of metallic devices with hard tissues. In this work, an in vitro ceramic coating is proposed to improve and accelerate osseointegration of @entity702 surfaces conceived to be used as dental implants or hip or knee prosthesis, shaped either as dishes or screws. Such coating consists of @entity692 microdomains on the implant surfaces obtained in vitro by immersion of @entity702 alloy samples ( @entity13843 ) in a simulated body fluid. This @entity702 alloy is highly used in implant dentistry and @entity130 surgery, among other fields. Once the immersion times under physiological conditions yielding to different ceramic topographies on this alloy were set, the acellular coating time of major interest so as to optimize its biological development was determined. For this purpose, dental pulp mesenchymal cells were cultured on @entity702 coated surfaces with different @entity692 outline, and cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology were followed through histological techniques and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that 4 days of acellular @entity692 coating led to a significant cell adhesion on the @entity702 alloys at an early stage (6 h). Cells tended though to detach from the surface of the coating over time, but those adhered on domains of intricated topography or @entity692 cauliflowers proliferated on them, leading to isolated large cell clusters. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: In vitro assessment of the biological response of @entity13843 implants coated with XXXX microdomains.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the impact of @entity311 rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs), used by @entity497 ( @entity497 ), on the proportion of @entity1 < 5 years of age receiving appropriately targeted treatment with ACT, to presumptive treatment. METHODS: Cluster-randomized trials were conducted in two contrasting areas of moderate-high and low @entity311 transmission in rural Uganda. Each trial examined the effectiveness of mRDTs in the management of @entity311 and targeting of ACTs by @entity497 comparing two diagnostic approaches: (1) presumptive clinical diagnosis of @entity311 [control arm], and (2) confirmatory diagnosis with mRDTs followed by ACT treatment for positive @entity1 [intervention arm]; with village as the unit of randomisation. Treatment decisions by @entity497 were validated by microscopy on a reference blood slide collected at the time of consultation, to compare the proportion of @entity1 <5 years receiving appropriately targeted ACT treatment, defined as @entity1 with microscopically confirmed presence of parasites in a peripheral blood smear receiving ACT or rectal @entity506 , and @entity1 with no @entity311 parasites not given ACT. RESULTS: In the moderate-high transmission area, ACT treatment was appropriately targeted in 79.3% (520/656) of @entity1 seen by @entity497 using mRDTs to diagnose @entity311 , vs. 30.8% (215/699) of @entity1 seen by @entity497 using presumptive diagnosis (P<0.001). In the low transmission area, 90.1% (363/403) @entity1 seen by @entity497 using mRDTs received appropriately targeted ACT treatment vs. 7.8% (64/817) seen by @entity497 using presumptive diagnosis (P<0.001). Low mRDT sensitivity in @entity1 with low density parasitaemia (<200 parasites/ l) was identified as a potential concern. CONCLUSION: When equipped with mRDTs, ACT treatments delivered by @entity497 are more accurately targeted to @entity1 with @entity311 parasites. mRDT use could play an important role in reducing overdiagnosis of @entity311 and improving fever case management within iCCM, in both moderate-to-high and low transmission areas. Nonetheless, missed treatments due to the low sensitivity of current mRDTs in @entity1 with low parasite density are a concern. For community-based treatment in areas of low transmission and/or non-immune populations, presumptive treatment of all fevers as @entity311 may be advisable, until more sensitive diagnostic assays, suitable for routine use by @entity497 in remote settings, become available. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Appropriate targeting of artemisinin-based combination therapy by community health workers using XXXX rapid diagnostic tests: Findings from randomized trials in two contrasting areas of high and low @entity311 transmission in south western Uganda.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['Community Health Workers', 'CHWs']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Several @entity262 , including granulomatous and infectious processes, @entity5 , @entity79 , collagen-vascular and other @entity792 may involve the middle ear and temporal bone. These diseases are difficult to diagnose when symptoms mimic acute otomastoiditis. CASE REPORTS: The present report describes our experience with three such cases initially misdiagnosed. Their predominating symptoms were otological with @entity2267 , @entity393 , and subsequently @entity2103 . The cases were considered an emergency and the @entity1 underwent tympanomastoidectomy, under the suspicion of @entity2346 media with @entity3540 , in order to remove a possible @entity2103 . The common features were the presence of severe granulation tissue filling the mastoid cavity and middle ear during surgery, without @entity3540 . The definitive diagnoses was made by means of biopsy of the granulation tissue from the middle ear, revealing @entity2883 with @entity2883 (formerly known as @entity2883 ) in one case, @entity2172 and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma respectively. After specific associated therapy facial nerve functions improved, and atypical inflammatory states of the ear resolved. CONCLUSIONS: As a group, @entity262 of the middle ear and temporal bone are uncommon, but aggressive lesions. After analyzing these cases and reviewing the literature, we would like to stress upon the importance of microscopic examination of the affected tissue, required for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

title: XXXX and facial paralysis as initial manifestations of temporal bone @entity262 - the significance of the histopathological examination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy', 'abscess and to decompress the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disorders']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ["Wegener's granulomatosis", 'polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2267 :: (MESH:D008417,Disease) :: ['Mastoiditis']


abstract: In limited @entity151 (LSCLC), the high local failure rate of chemotherapy by itself (60-100%) and with the addition of external beam radiotherapy (approximately 30%) has led to investigation of methods to improve local control. To that end, we integrated @entity902 60 mg/m2, d. 1, 22 and @entity2879 120 mg/m2, d. 4, 6, _ 8; 25, 27 _ 29 with concurrent twice-daily 150 cGy (total dose: 4500 cGy). Of 32 consecutively referred @entity1 , 4 with variant histology, 31 were evaluable for @entity137 , response, and survival. Two of 4 variant histology @entity1 responded, and 27 of 27 pure small cell responded, p = 0.005. CT scans were inaccurate at forecasting survival. Of 17/32 @entity1 considered "positive," 59% of these were survivors; of those considered "negative," 47% were survivors, p = N.S. Radiation portals were volumetrically conservative; the supraclavicular fossa was included infrequently and the contralateral hilum not at all. Local failure occurred in only 1/27 @entity1 (4%). All four variant @entity1 failed locally, p = 0.001. With a median follow-up of 43 months, the actuarial disease-free survival remains nearly 50%. Variant histology is more predictive of local control than the physical factors of dose or volume.

title: Thoracic radiotherapy variables: influence on local control in XXXX limited disease.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the blood pressure profile of @entity177 in comparison with essential @entity101 . Thirty @entity101 @entity1 with @entity177 due to non-vascular @entity8 were matched by age, sex, and mean 24 h blood pressure, with 30 @entity1 affected by uncomplicated mild-to-moderate essential @entity101 . They were studied in an open hospital ward. Diet, meal times, sleep times, and activity schedules were standardized. Noninvasive, automatic, blood pressure recordings were performed for 48 h at sampling intervals of 15 min. The mean 24 h blood pressure almost coincided in the two groups. However, in essential @entity101 a mean (+/- SD) @entity551 was found (12.7 +/- 3.8 and 12.9 +/- 4.8 mm Hg, respectively), while renal @entity1 displayed an average nocturnal increase of 2.7 +/- 8.9 mm Hg and 3.7 +/- 7.8 (P less than .001). The renal @entity1 had also higher heart rates, with a significantly blunted nocturnal fall (4.4 +/- 4.5 beats/min as compared to 9.3 +/- 3.1 beats/min of essential @entity101 ; P less than .001). Among the renal @entity1 , the day-night blood pressure changes showed no significant correlation with age, @entity1011 clearance, hematocrit, nocturnal change in heart rate, or day or night mean blood pressure levels. These data suggest that an abnormal day-night pattern of blood pressure is present in @entity177 @entity1 independently from external interfering factors. Hence, casual measurements of blood pressure confined to daytime may underestimate a @entity101 condition associated with @entity177 .

title: XXXX in @entity101 due to @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal fall of systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Loss of nocturnal decline of blood pressure']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Meniscal extrusion is thought to be associated with less meniscus coverage of the tibial surface, but the association of radiographic disease stage with quantitative measures of tibial plateau coverage is unknown. We therefore compared quantitative and semi-quantitative measures of meniscus position and morphology in individuals with bilateral painful knees discordant on medial joint space narrowing (mJSN). METHODS: A sample of 60 @entity1 from the first half (2,678 cases) of the @entity571 Initiative cohort fulfilled the inclusion criteria: bilateral frequent @entity158 , @entity571 Research Society International (OARSI) mJSN grades 1-3 in one, no-JSN in the contra-lateral (CL), and no lateral JSN in either knee (43 unilateral mJSN1; 17 mJSN2/3; 22 @entity1 , 38 @entity1 , body mass index (BMI) 31.3      3.9  kg/m(2)). Segmentation and three-dimensional quantitative analysis of the tibial plateau and meniscus, and semi-quantitative evaluation of meniscus damage (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) @entity571 knee score  =  MOAKS) was performed using coronal 3T MR images (MPR DESSwe and intermediate-weighted turbo spin echo (IW-TSE) images). CL knees were compared using paired t-tests (between-knee, within- @entity1 design). RESULTS: Medial tibial plateau coverage was 36      9% in mJSN1 vs 45      8% in CL no-JSN knees, and was 31      9% in mJSN2/3 vs 46      6% in no-JSN knees (both P  <  0.001). mJSN knees showed greater meniscus extrusion and damage (MOAKS), but no significant difference in meniscus volume. No significant differences in lateral tibial coverage, lateral meniscus morphology or position were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Knees with medial JSN showed substantially less medial tibial plateau coverage by the meniscus. We suggest that the less meniscal coverage, i.e., less mechanical protection may be a reason for greater rates of cartilage loss observed in JSN knees.

title: Tibial coverage, meniscus position, size and damage in knees discordant for joint space narrowing - data from the XXXX Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: A total of 855 @entity375 strains isolated from different clinical specimens, mainly nail (42%) and @entity8376 (25%) were identified by a set of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh colonies using Whatman FTA Card technology. PCR assays were performed on the complete ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) region for all isolates and species identification was carried out through their specific electrophoretic profiles after digestion with the enzyme MspI. Those isolates suspected as @entity7409 group were then subjected to amplification of the @entity27715 dehydrogenase (SADH) gene and restriction digestion with NlaIII enzyme. In total, 71.1% of the strains were obtained from females and 28.9% from males. The age group of 31-40 years consisted of the highest frequency of @entity1 with @entity7553 . @entity5132 was the predominant species (58.6%) followed by @entity7409 (11.0%), @entity7408 (8.3%), @entity9841 (7.0%), C. kefyr (5.8%), C. krusei (4.4%), @entity29486 (2.1%), and @entity18203 (0.6%). A few strains of @entity19323 , @entity24135 , C. intermedia, C. inconspicua, @entity1327 and @entity375 were isolated. We could not identify 8 (0.9%) isolates. @entity5132 remains the most frequently species isolated from Iranian @entity1 ; however, the number of non- @entity5132 Candida species looks to be increasing. The simple and reliable PCR-RFLP system used in the study has the potential to identify most clinically isolated @entity375 .

title: Molecular identification and distribution profile of Candida species isolated from Iranian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['C. guilliermondii']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['Candida parapsilosis', 'C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['C. albicans', 'Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['vulva-vagina']

entities_list: @entity27715 :: ('CHEBI:35681', 'Chemical') :: ['secondary alcohol']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['S. cerevisiae', 'yeast', 'yeasts']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effect of varying the ratios of dietary fat, protein and @entity1735 on the amount and composition of fecal output was studied in adult, male @entity1707 -tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) fed liquid, fiber-free semisynthetic diets. The dietary @entity1568 was supplied as an enzymatic protein hydrolyzate (biological value = 86%), the fat as @entity4336 oil, and the @entity1735 as @entity4336 syrup solids. @entity2221 and minerals were added to meet the nutritional requirements of this monkey. Nine diets were fed for 2 weeks, and fecal excreta collected daily after 4-day adaptation to a new diet. The levels of protein/day were 40, 80, and 160 kcal/animal and the levels of fat/day were 4.5, 22.5, and 112.5 kcal/animal. Carbohydrates were adjusted to maintain the diets isocaloric (700 kcal/day per monkey). The assumption was made that a) there was no time trend, and b) that the preceding diet had no carry-over effect on the next diet being tested. Results suggest that total fecal output was greater on the high protein diets, especially when fat levels were either 4.5 or 112.5 kcal. The 22.5 kcal fat and 160 kcal protein did not show an increase in fecal output. These fecal output differences were related to changes in fecal moisture but not in dry fecal matter. Increased @entity1568 loss in the feces was noted for all 160 kcal protein diets, and especially so when the fat level was 4.5 kcal. The 112.5 kcal fat diet produced feces higher in total lipids. If a fiber-free formula diet is designed to induce a minimum of fecal bulk, the most satisfactory formulation appears to be one with a moderate amount of dietary fat, and a protein content in the general range of the recommended daily allowance.

title: Effect of varying ratios of fat and protein in fiber-free semisynthetic diets on fecal output of XXXX -tailed monkeys (Macaca nemestrina).

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamins']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2478 in @entity3124 @entity1 leads to @entity4 . @entity1284 is independently associated with poor prognosis. Bedside measurement of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), extravascular lung water index (EVLWI), fluid balance, and capillary leak index (CLI) may provide a valuable prognostic tool in mechanically ventilated @entity1 . METHODS: We performed an observational study of 123 mechanically ventilated @entity1 with extended hemodynamic monitoring, analyzing process-of-care variables for the first week of ICU admission. The primary outcome parameter was 28-day mortality. /\maxEVLWI indicated the maximum difference between EVLWI measurements during ICU stay. @entity1 with a /\maxEVLWI <-2 mL/kg were called 'responders'. CLI was defined as C-reactive protein (milligrams per deciliter) over albumin (grams per liter) ratio and @entity32889 ( @entity32889 ) as even-to-negative fluid balance on at least two consecutive days. RESULTS: CLI had a biphasic course. /\maxEVLWI was lower if @entity32889 was achieved and in survivors (-2.4    4.8 vs 1.0    5.5 mL/kg, p = 0.001; -3.3    3.8 vs 2.5    5.3 mL/kg, p = 0.001, respectively). No @entity32889 achievement was associated with increased CLI and IAPmean on day 3 and higher risk to be nonresponder (odds ratio (OR) 2.76, p = 0.046; OR 1.28, p = 0.011; OR 5.52, p = 0.001, respectively). Responders had more ventilator-free days during the first week (2.5    2.3 vs 1.5    2.3, p = 0.023). Not achieving @entity32889 and being nonresponder were strong independent predictors of mortality (OR 9.34, p = 0.001 and OR 7.14, p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: There seems to be an important correlation between CLI, EVLWI kinetics, IAP, and fluid balance in mechanically ventilated @entity1 , associated with organ dysfunction and poor prognosis. In this context, we introduce the global @entity101 .

title: Fluid management in @entity3124 XXXX : the role of extravascular lung water, abdominal @entity101 , capillary leak, and fluid balance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased permeability syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary leak']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial edema']

entities_list: @entity32889 :: ('MESH:C537877', 'Disease') :: ['CLFM', 'conservative late fluid management']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['Fluid overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ). Cardiovascular risk assessment in this population is hampered by the failure of traditional risk factors to fully account for the elevated @entity65 risk (reverse epidemiology effect) and the presence of emerging risk factors specifically related to @entity177 . Therefore, diagnostic tools capable of improving cardiovascular risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors are currently warranted. We present the protocol of a 4-year prospective study aimed to assess the predictive value of non-invasive imaging techniques and biomarkers for @entity65 events and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 . METHODS: From November 2009 to October 2010, 4137 asymptomatic adult @entity1 with stages 2 to 5 @entity740 will be recruited from nephrology services and dialysis units throughout Spain. During the same period, 843 @entity1 without @entity740 (control group) will be recruited from lists of primary care physicians, only at baseline. During the follow-up, @entity65 events and mortality will be recorded from all @entity740 @entity1 . Clinical and laboratory characteristics will be collected in a medical documentation sheet. Three trained itinerant teams will carry out a carotid ultrasound to assess intima-media thickness and presence of plaques. A composite @entity731 score will be constructed based on carotid ultrasound data and measurement of ankle-brachial index. In @entity740 @entity1 , presence and type of calcifications will be assessed in the wall of carotid, femoral and brachial arteries, and in cardiac valves, by ultrasound. From all @entity1 , blood samples will be collected and stored in a biobank to study novel biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: The NEFRONA study is the first large, prospective study to examine the predictive value of several non-invasive imaging techniques and novel biomarkers in @entity740 @entity1 throughout Spain. Hereby, we present the protocol of this study aimed to explore the most effective way in which these tests can be integrated with traditional risk factors to maximize @entity65 detection in this population.

title: Predicting XXXX morbidity and mortality in @entity740 in Spain. The rationale and design of NEFRONA: a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vaccination responses may be affected by concomitant use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed to determine HAART's impact on seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate (7vPnC) vaccine immunization with or without a @entity6801 ( @entity6801 ) agonist adjuvant. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. METHODS: Adults with @entity645 were immunized with double doses of 7vPnC +/-1 mg @entity25696 , a @entity6801 agonist and vaccine adjuvant, at 0 and 3 months, and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 9 months. We measured IgG levels (ELISA) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) at months 0, 3, 4, 9, and 10. Persistent 7vPnC vaccine responders were defined as individuals with two-fold IgG increases to 1 microg/ml or more for at least five of the 7vPnC serotypes at 9 months. RESULTS: We included 75 @entity1 on HAART and 20 HAART-naive. Forty-one received @entity25696 and 48 received placebo adjuvant. More persistent 7vPnC vaccine responders were found among HAART-treated than among HAART-naive (42.3 vs. 15.0%, P = 0.03). Mean loss of vaccine-specific IgG from month 4 to 9 was greater among HAART-naive than among HAART-treated (54.8 vs. 38.1%, P = 0.001). Functional activity (OPA) was higher among HAART-treated than among HAART-naive at 4, 9, and 10 months. In a logistic regression analysis (adjusted for baseline CD4 cell count, @entity25696 , smoking status, BMI, @entity791 diagnosis, and age), HAART use was significantly associated with being persistent 7vPnC vaccine responder at month 9 [odds ratio = 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-20.2]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity645 -infected adults on HAART achieved a more durable antibody response of higher functional activity following pneumococcal conjugate vaccination than HAART-naive individuals, independently of baseline CD4 cell count.

title: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in @entity1 with XXXX : the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of potent immunosuppression, @entity73 are frequent features after kidney transplantation (KTx). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and nature of @entity73 at a single transplantation center in Norway. @entity1 : Of 226 @entity1 who underwent KTx, 199 (87%) were followed up prospectively for 1 year (2005) via close and meticulous wound inspection. RESULTS: The study revealed a high rate of wound complications (200-250/y) in a high-volume center. Fifty-four @entity1 (27%) experienced prolonged wound healing, defined as gaps, secretions, or wound complications, at 3 to 5 weeks posttransplantation, and 41 @entity1 (21%) had @entity73 , defined as gaps, secretions, or wound complications after 5 weeks posttransplantation. In total, 50 @entity1 (25%) required surgical or radiologic reintervention. Complications included lymphocele in 29 @entity1 (14.6%), wound dehiscence in 16 (8.0%), @entity548 or @entity1410 in 10 (5.0%), and infection in 9 (4.5%). Risk factors associated with wound complications included recipient older than 60 years, body mass index greater than 30, hemoglobin concentration less than 10 g/dL, albumin concentration less than 36 g/dL, duration of surgery more than 200 minutes, no subcutaneous sutures, and @entity3446 or @entity2239 therapy. At nominal and logistic regression analysis, recipient older than 60 years, body mass index greater than 30, and no subcutaneous sutures were independent risk factors. CONCLUSION: Risk factor analysis and previous documentation suggest that wound complications might be counteracted using the following measures: subcutaneous sutures, predialysis transplantation, sealing or ligation of lymphatic trunks, prophylactic fenestration, reduction of @entity228 load, and avoiding @entity3446 / @entity2239 therapy.

title: Targeting risk factors for XXXX and wound complications after kidney transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing', 'impaired wound healing and complications']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['impaired wound healing']


abstract: According to the criteria for @entity1582 , systemic @entity1582 may be divided into primary systemic @entity1582 , where @entity1581 is present but the criteria for @entity1582 are not satisfied, and systemic @entity1582 with underlying @entity1582 . There is a continuous transition between the two units. The present paper describes treatment of @entity1 with established systemic @entity1582 who satisfy the 2003 International @entity1582 Working Groups criteria for symptomatic @entity1582 (confirmed monoclonal immunoglobulin, clonal plasmocytes confirmed in the bone marrow and at least one clinical symptom of @entity1582 - confirmed amyloid). From 2009, a total of 10 @entity1 with @entity1582 and underlying @entity1582 have been treated at our centre with combined @entity1749 -containing regimens. The cohort includes 5 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . Median age of these @entity1582 @entity1 at the diagnosis was 65.5 years. All 10 @entity1 were treated with a combination of 3 drugs, @entity1749 , @entity786 and @entity619 or @entity1749 , @entity632 a @entity619 . Two of the 10 @entity1 died during the first month of treatment. Treatment response cannot be evaluated in these @entity1 . Haematological treatment response was evaluable in 8 patients only. Monoclonal immunoglobulin disappearance with negative urine and serum immunofixation and normalization of free light chain immunoglobulins was observed in six of the 8 @entity1 . Treatment response according to the current IMWG was evaluated as very good partial remission (VGPR) as we did not perform bone marrow testing after the treatment to confirm complete remission according to the current criteria. One of the 8 evaluated @entity1 died due to disease progression in the third month of treatment and there was no haematological treatment response in one who was considered to have a stable disease. Organ treatment response was evaluated in @entity1 who were followed up for longer than 3 months of treatment only. Organ treatment response (reduced @entity299 ) was not evaluable in a @entity1 who had heart transplantation and then received chemotherapy. A total of 5 (83%) of the 6 evaluated @entity1 fulfilled the criteria of organ treatment response. CONCLUSION: Our small cohort showed a high number of haematological treatment responses (VGPR in 75% of @entity1 ) as well as organ treatment response in @entity1 with systemic @entity1582 who were treated with @entity1749 -containing treatment regimens.

title: [Outcomes of @entity1582 treatment with @entity1749 , @entity619 and @entity786 or XXXX -containing regimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gametopathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'AL-amyloidosis', 'Myeloma']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac impairment']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: The production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) forms part of the defense reaction of plants against invading pathogens. ROS have multifaceted signaling functions in mediating the establishment of multiple responses. To verify whether @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) contributes to plant @entity778 and the development of induced symptoms, we used fluorescence to monitor the generation of @entity5568 and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the subcellular distribution of @entity5568 in leaves. In this study, the M strain of @entity2834 (M- @entity2834 ) induced heavy chlorotic symptoms in @entity286 cv. white burley during @entity281 . Compared with mock-inoculated leaves, @entity5568 accumulation in inoculated leaves increased after inoculation, then decreased after 4  days. For systemically infected leaves that showed chlorotic symptoms, @entity5568 accumulation was always higher than in healthy leaves. Subcellular @entity5568 localization observed using CLSM showed that @entity5568 in inoculated leaves was generated mainly in the chloroplasts and cell wall, whereas in systemically infected leaves @entity5568 was generated mainly in the cytosol. The levels of coat protein in inoculated and systemically infected leaves might be associated with changes in the level of @entity5568 and symptom development. Further research is needed to elucidate the generation mechanism and the relationship between coat protein and oxidative stress during @entity281 and symptom development. Copyright    2016 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The detection of @entity273 involved in plant XXXX by fluorescence spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity2834 :: ('12305', 'Species') :: ['Cucumber mosaic virus', 'CMV']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['virus infection']


abstract: Nearly half a century after the first report of normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH), the pathophysiological cause of the disease still remains unclear. Several theories about the cause and development of NPH emphasize disease-related alterations of the mechanical properties of the brain. MR elastography (MRE) uniquely allows the measurement of viscoelastic constants of the living brain without intervention. In this study, 20 @entity1 (mean age, 69.1 years; nine @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) with idiopathic (n = 15) and secondary (n = 5) NPH were examined by cerebral multifrequency MRE and compared with 25 healthy volunteers (mean age, 62.1 years; 10 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 ). Viscoelastic constants related to the stiffness (  ) and micromechanical connectivity (a) of brain tissue were derived from the dynamics of storage and loss moduli within the experimentally achieved frequency range of 25-62.5 Hz. In @entity1 with NPH, both storage and loss moduli decreased, corresponding to a softening of brain tissue of about 20% compared with healthy volunteers (p < 0.001). This @entity2003 was accompanied by a decreasing a parameter (9%, p < 0.001), indicating an alteration in the microstructural connectivity of brain tissue during NPH. This disease-related decrease in viscoelastic constants was even more pronounced in the periventricular region of the brain. The results demonstrate distinct tissue degradation associated with NPH. Further studies are required to investigate the source of mechanical tissue damage as a potential cause of NPH-related ventricular expansions and clinical symptoms.

title: In vivo viscoelastic properties of the brain in normal pressure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['loss of rigidity']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery remains the only curative option for the treatment of @entity788 ( @entity788 ). The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical outcome and prognostic factors in @entity1 after resection for @entity420 of the pancreatic head. METHODS: The data from 195 @entity1 who underwent pancreatic head resection for @entity788 between 1993 and 2011 in our center were retrospectively analyzed. The prognostic factors for survival after operation were evaluated using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The head resection surgeries included 69.7% pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomies (PPPD) and 30.3% standard Kausch-Whipple pancreatoduodenectomies (Whipple). The overall mortality after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) was 4.1%, and the overall morbidity was 42%. The actuarial 3- and 5-year survival rates were 31.5% (95% CI, 25.04%-39.6%) and 11.86% (95% CI, 7.38%-19.0%), respectively. Univariate analyses demonstrated that elevated @entity787 (p   =   0.002) and elevated CA 19-9 (p   =   0.026) levels, @entity5 grade (p   =   0.001) and hard texture of the pancreatic gland (p   =   0.017) were significant predictors of a poor survival. However, only @entity787 >3   ng/ml (p   <   0.005) and @entity5 grade 3 (p   =   0.027) were validated as significant predictors of survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5 marker levels and @entity5 grade are significant predictors of poor survival for @entity1 with @entity788 . Furthermore, hard texture of the pancreatic gland appears to be associated with poor survival.

title: Evaluation of survival in @entity1 after pancreatic head resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic head cancer', 'PDAC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['ductal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Ophiusa disjungens is one of the main insect pests that attack Myrtaceae species. Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) of the Baculoviridae family have been used for decades as biological pesticides to control insect pests. A new NPV, named Ophiusa disjungens nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpdiNPV), was recently isolated from OpdiNPV-infected O. disjungens larvae. In this study, a PstI fragment of OpdiNPV genome containing the @entity14322 triphosphatase ( @entity35113 ) gene was successfully cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Upstream of a 402 bp long ORF of the @entity35113 gene, encoding a 133 aa long protein, typical transcription promoter boxes CAGT and TATA were found. The @entity35113 was first expressed in his-tagged form in @entity526 as a 35.5 kDa protein. Then it was successfully expressed in insect Trichoplusia ni (Tn) cells in the form of an EGFP-fusion protein. It first appeared (at 24 hrs post infection (p.i.)) in the cell nucleus, but later (at 72 hrs p.i.) it was excluded from the nucleus and diffusely scattered all over the cell. These findings may serve as basis for development of engineered OpdiNPVs as biopesticides to control O. disjungens and other Lepidoptera insects. KEYWORDS: Ophiusa disjungens; nucleopolyhedrovirus; @entity35113 .

title: Characterization of the XXXX triphosphatase gene of Ophiusa disjungens nucleopolyhedrovirus.

entities_list: @entity14322 :: ('MESH:D003857', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity14322 :: (MESH:D003857,Chemical) :: ['deoxyuridine']


abstract: Toad glandular secretions and skin extractions contain numerous natural agents which may provide unique resources for novel drug development. Especially the skin-parotoid gland secretions of toads from genus Bufo contain as many as 86 different types of active compounds, each with the potential of becoming a potent drug. In the present study, crude skin-parotoid gland secretions from Bufo bufo, Bufo verrucosissimus and Bufotes variabilis from @entity233 were screened against various @entity5 cells together with normal cells using @entity98 assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of skin secretions were tested on selected bacterial and fungal species for assessing the possible medical applications. Antimicrobial activity of skin secretions was studied by determining minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in broth dilution method. Hemolytic activity of each skin-secretion was also estimated for evaluating pharmaceutical potential. Both skin-parotoid gland secretions showed high cytotoxic effect on all cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines with IC50 values varying between <0.1 g/ml and 6.02 g/ml. MIC results of antimicrobial activity tests were found to be between 3.9 g/ml and 250 g/ml. No hemolytic activities on @entity95 red blood cells at concentrations between 0.5 g/ml and 50 g/ml were observed. In conclusion, skin-parotoid secretions of bufonid toads might be remarkable candidates for anti- @entity5 and antimicrobial agents without hemolytic activities.

title: Biological activities of skin and parotoid gland secretions of bufonid toads (Bufo bufo, Bufo verrucosissimus and Bufotes variabilis) from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1282 is a prominent symptom of @entity5 which may be palliated by stent, external beam radiation (EBRT) or intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT). Brachytherapy is not widely practised in the UK. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ILBT and EBRT in relieving @entity5 . METHODS: The radiotherapy database at Northampton Cancer Centre (NCC) was used to identify @entity1 who underwent ILBT or EBRT for @entity5 between 1.1.2008 and 31.3 2010. Data was collected on @entity1 demographics, @entity5 characteristics, treatment received and @entity1282 score pre- and post- treatment. Serial assessment of @entity1282 was used to determine the duration of symptomatic improvement. EBRT involved 20-30 Gy in 5-10 fractions. Brachytherapy applicator placement was done by an experienced endoscopist at the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) suite and a single treatment dose of 12 Gy was prescribed at 1 cm depth. Oesophageal dilation was performed prior to brachytherapy treatment if needed. RESULTS: 44 @entity1 were included in this study (EBRT: 21; ILBT: 23). @entity1 characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. The average @entity1282 scores in the EBRT group prior to treatment were 3, and at 4, 8 and 16 weeks following treatment they were 3.4, 2.4, 2.1 and 2.1, respectively. The corresponding @entity1282 scores in the ILBT group were 3.5 before treatment and 2.2, 2.1 and 2.3 following treatment, respectively. There was significant improvement in @entity1282 in both groups at 4 weeks (p<0.0001), and the benefit was sustained after 8 and 16 weeks. No major complications were reported from either EBRT or oesophageal brachytherapy. CONCLUSION: ILBT is an effective alternative to multifractionated EBRT for palliation of @entity5 providing a convenient one-stop treatment for @entity1 who live a long distance from their @entity5 centre. Our model of performing the endoscopically guided procedure in the brachytherapy unit is comparable in cost to fractionated EBRT and can be adopted by other centres.

title: External beam radiotherapy versus brachytherapy in the management of malignant XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal cancer', 'malignant dysphagia', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

answer: @entity1282 :: (MESH:D003680,Disease) :: ['oesophageal dysphagia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) represent an exciting and novel coronary intervention technology. BVS implantation could play an important role in the acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) setting, with mid- and long- term follow-up data still scarce. METHODS: PRAGUE-19 is a prospective double-center single arm study that tests the performance and safety of BVS implantation during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) in the @entity583 setting. During the enrollment period 70 @entity1 were included, quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was done immediately after BVS implantation and optical coherence tomography (OCT) study was suggested but not mandatory; subsequently serial clinical follow-up was scheduled and research computed tomography (CT) angiography at 1 year was performed. Current work focuses on a group of 22 @entity1 who had complete multi- imaging data (QCA and OCT immediately post-procedure and CT at 1 year after implantation) available and aims to analyze the quantitative measurements of these different techniques. RESULTS: All 25 BVS implanted in 22 @entity1 were widely patent at 1-year CT angiography. Immediately after pPCI, QCA measurements of vessel size were smaller than OCT ones with statistical significance: mean reference vessel diameter (RVD) was respectively 3.1    0.4 versus 3.4    0.5 (p<0.001), mean @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) 2.5    0.3 versus 3.0    0.3 (p<0.001) and mean BVS diameter 2.8    0.3 versus 3.26    0.29 (p=0.001). Mean RVD and reference vessel area (RVA) were larger at 1 year CT angiography in comparison to baseline OCT with statistically significant difference (3.4    0.5 mm versus 3.76    0.45 mm, p=0.009, and 9.27    2.7 mm2 versus 11.28    2.62 mm2, p=0.01, respectively) and @entity5562 was also larger at follow-up: 2.96    0.29 mm versus 3.09    0.53 (p=0.077). However, the mean percent area stenosis (parameter not influenced by possible difference between different methods) measured with OCT immediately after pPCI and with CT angiography at 1 year did not show any difference (20.2    23.9% versus 24.8    17.8%, p=0.478). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with OCT, QCA largely underestimates luminal diameters and may interfere with BVS proper sizing. CT angiography did not identify any evidence of binary restenosis confirming the effective anti-restenotic properties of BVS at mid-term follow-up. Our multimodality imaging approach did not demonstrate any significant @entity850 area at 1 year after implantation.

title: Bioresorbable vascular scaffolds in XXXX @entity1 : multimodality imaging comparison in mid-term perspective.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the percent stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimum lumen diameter', 'MLD']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: The concept of synthetic lethality has gained popularity as a rational guide for predicting chemotherapeutic targets based on negative genetic interactions between tumor-specific somatic mutations and a second-site target gene. One hallmark of most @entity5 that can be exploited by chemotherapies is @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ). Because chromosome replication, maintenance, and segregation represent conserved and cell-essential processes, they can be modeled effectively in simpler eukaryotes such as @entity375 . Here we analyze and extend genetic networks of @entity5 gene orthologs in @entity375 , focusing on essential genes. This identifies hub genes and processes that are candidate targets for synthetic lethal killing of @entity5 cells with defined somatic mutations. One hub process in these networks is DNA replication. A nonessential, fork-associated scaffold, @entity29785 , is among the most highly connected genes. As @entity29785 lacks enzymatic activity, potentially limiting its development as a therapeutic target, we exploited its function as a physical interaction hub to rationally predict synthetic lethal interactions between essential @entity29785 -binding proteins and @entity5 gene orthologs. We then validated a subset of predicted genetic interactions in a @entity1 @entity14 cell line, showing that siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity15124 sensitizes cells to depletion of various replication fork-associated proteins. Overall, this work describes methods to identify, predict, and validate in @entity5 cells candidate therapeutic targets for @entity5 with known somatic mutations in @entity1344 genes using data from @entity375 . We affirm not only replication stress but also the targeting of DNA replication fork proteins themselves as potential targets for anticancer therapeutic development.

title: @entity375 genetics predicts candidate therapeutic genetic interactions at the XXXX replication fork.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CIN cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome instability', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']