abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral anticoagulants in improving survival of @entity5 @entity1 . We conducted in January 2007 a comprehensive search for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). We extracted data on methodological quality, @entity1 , interventions and outcomes using a standardized form. Five RCTs fulfilled the inclusion criteria and all compared @entity1229 to either placebo or no intervention. Their overall methodological quality was acceptable. The effect of @entity1229 on mortality was not statistically significant at 6 months (RR = 0.96; 95% CI 0.80-1.16), at 1 year (RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.86-1.05), at 2 years (RR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.87-1.08) or at 5 years (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-1.01). In the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), @entity1229 reduced mortality at 6 months (RR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.50-0.96) but not at 1 year (RR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.77-1.01). This 6 months mortality benefit was statistically significant in the subgroup of extensive @entity151 (RR = 0.65; 95% CI 0.45-0.93) but not in the subgroup of limited @entity151 (RR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.36-1.28). @entity1229 increased both major @entity548 (RR = 4.24; 95% CI 1.85-9.68) and @entity548 (RR = 3.34; 95% CI 1.66-6.74). The evidence suggests a survival benefit from @entity1229 in @entity1 with extensive @entity151 , but not in other @entity1 groups. This survival benefit should be weighed against the increased risk for @entity548 .

title: Oral anticoagulation may prolong survival of a subgroup of XXXX with @entity5 : a cochrane systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the utility of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) monitoring for @entity1 with @entity459 who had evidence of single-gland disease on preoperative imaging with modified 4-dimensional computed tomography that was done in conjunction with ultrasonography (Mod 4D-CT/US). STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care university medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 were drawn from consecutive directed parathyroidectomies performed between December 2001 and June 2013 by the senior authors. All @entity1 had @entity459 and underwent a Mod 4D-CT/US study that showed findings on both studies that were consistent with a single @entity652 . The modified Miami criteria were used for IOPTH monitoring (parathyroid hormone decrease by >50% and into the normal range). RESULTS: Of 356 @entity1 who underwent parathyroid surgery, 206 had a single gland localized on the Mod 4D-CT and the US studies. IOPTH monitoring was used in 172 cases, of which 169 had adequate clinical follow-up to assess the surgical outcome. Twenty-one @entity1 (12.4%) had IOPTH values that did not meet modified Miami criteria after removal of one gland, of which 7 were found to have @entity66 (4.1%). Three @entity1 (1.8%) had persistent @entity459 despite an IOPTH that met modified Miami criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Although IOPTH monitoring correctly identifies a small percentage of @entity1 with @entity66 , some @entity1 will be subjected to unnecessary neck explorations that can result in difficult intraoperative decisions, such as whether to remove normal or equivocal-sized glands when they are encountered.

title: Is Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Monitoring Warranted in Cases of 4D-CT/Ultrasound Localized Single XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multigland disease']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['Adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1030 exacerbations requiring hospitalization increase morbidity and mortality. Although most @entity1030 exacerbations are neutrophilic, approximately 10%-25% of exacerbations are eosinophilic. AIM: We aimed to evaluate mortality and outcomes of eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic @entity1030 exacerbations and identify new biomarkers that predict survival. METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out in a tertiary teaching hospital from January 1, 2014 to November 1, 2014. All @entity1030 @entity1 hospitalized with exacerbations were enrolled in the study at their initial hospitalization and followed-up for 6 months after discharge. Electronic data were collected from the hospital database. Subjects' characteristics, hemogram parameters, CRP levels, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-mean platelet volume ratio on admission and discharge, length of hospital stay (days), readmissions, and mortality were recorded. @entity1 were grouped according to peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) levels: Group 1, >2% PBE, eosinophilic; Group 2, non-eosinophilic  <=2%. @entity1 survival after hospital discharge was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,704 @entity1 hospitalized with @entity1030 exacerbation were included. Approximately 20% were classified as eosinophilic. Six-month mortality was similar in eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups (14.2% and 15.2%, respectively); however, the hospital stay length and readmission rate were longer and higher in the non-eosinophilic group (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). CRP and NLR were significantly higher in the non-eosinophilic group (both P<0.01). The platelet-to-mean platelet volume ratio was not different between the two groups. Cox regression analysis showed that survival was negatively influenced by elevated CRP (P<0.035) and NLR (P<0.001) in the non-eosinophilic group. CONCLUSION: Non-eosinophilic @entity1 with @entity1030 exacerbations with high CRP and NLR values had worse outcomes than eosinophilic @entity1 . PBE and NLR can be helpful markers to guide treatment decisions.

title: The utility of inflammatory markers to predict readmissions and mortality in XXXX cases with or without eosinophilia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: Muscular tension is assigned an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic @entity158 syndromes. It is seen as a psychophysiological correlate of learned fear and avoidance behavior. Basic theoretical models emphasize classical conditioning of muscular responses as a mechanism of @entity158 chronification. However, the empirical basis for this field is very small. Our aim was to investigate muscular factors in relation to unconditioned and conditioned @entity158 stimuli. An experimental study was conducted using a differential classical conditioning paradigm with 18 @entity1 with @entity615 (BP) and @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ), and 18 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). A high-pitched sound served as the CS+, paired with an intracutaneous electric @entity158 stimulus (US), while a neutral sound was used as the CS-. Simultaneously, integrated surface electromyograms (iEMGs) were recorded for seven muscle sites. Our hypothesis was that the @entity158 @entity1 would demonstrate enhanced conditionability. Baseline values between @entity1 ( @entity2701 , BP) and @entity23 showed no significant differences. Although the perception and @entity158 thresholds were balanced, both @entity1 groups revealed a higher number of significant muscular responses to the @entity158 stimulus (UR) than the @entity23 . All @entity1 showed significant conditioned muscular responses, however, the @entity1 displayed a higher number than the @entity23 . Furthermore a significant relation was found between muscular responses and the experience of @entity158 1day after the experiment. Muscular responses can be learned via classical conditioning. @entity2701 and BP @entity1 revealed a higher number of unconditioned and conditioned responses.

title: Unconditioned and conditioned muscular responses in XXXX with @entity615 and chronic @entity2701 and in @entity23 .

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['chronic back pain']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['tension-type headache', 'TTH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the operative risk and efficacy of implantable defibrillators for preventing @entity944 in @entity1 with @entity712 awaiting transplantation. The average waiting time for elective cardiac transplantation is 6 months to 1 year. @entity1164 is the major source of mortality in outpatients in stable condition awaiting cardiac transplantation. The efficacy of implantable defibrillator therapy in this population is not established. We analyzed the operative risk, @entity1457 , and @entity944 in 15 @entity1 determined to be at high risk of @entity944 who were accepted onto the outpatient cardiac transplant waiting list. Nonfatal @entity260 occurred in two (13%) subjects with epicardial defibrillating lead systems and in none with transvenous lead systems. Defibrillation energies were 16 +/- 2 J versus 24 +/- 2 J with epicardial and transvenous lead systems, respectively. @entity944 free survival until transplantation was 93%. Most of the @entity1 (60%) had an appropriate shock during a mean follow-up of 11 +/- 12 months. The mean time to an appropriate shock was 3 +/- 3 months. Hospital readmission was required in three (20%) subjects to await transplantation on an urgent basis. However, two of these subjects had received appropriate shocks before readmission. In selected @entity1 at high risk for @entity944 while on the outpatient cardiac transplant waiting list, the operative risk is low and adequate defibrillation energies can be obtained to allow implantable defibrillator placement. Most subjects will have an appropriate shock as outpatients before transplantation, and @entity944 free survival is excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Implantable defibrillators for high-risk @entity1 with XXXX who are awaiting cardiac transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'Sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['time to appropriate shock']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: When innominate artery compression of the @entity825 causes @entity1224 in infancy, the standard treatment is anterior suspension of the innominate artery by anchoring it to the back of the sternum to relieve the pressure on the @entity825 , known as aortotruncopexy. We describe a simplified technique for anterior suspension of the innominate artery, by suturing the pretracheal fascia to the back of the manubrium. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We have used this technique in three @entity1 with follow-up to eighteen months. SETTING: University teaching hospital, regional paediatric and cardiac surgical centre. @entity1 : Three @entity1 presenting with intractable respiratory difficulties, principally caused by the innominate artery compression of the @entity825 . INTERVENTION: All @entity1 underwent right thoracotomy. The innominate artery was lifted away from the @entity825 by creating a pretracheal @entity4438 attached to the back of the manubrium. MEASURES: Clinical follow-up. RESULTS: All @entity1 have shown improvement in symptoms and none has required further hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: This technique appears to give satisfactory results and may reduce the risk of complications, compared with more elaborate operations.

title: Innominate artery compression of the XXXX . A simplified technique for anterior suspension of the innominate artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial sling']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: Cross-resistance data for a group of nine @entity1033 -resistant variants of @entity3307 are reported. These mutants, which express either altered @entity1014 kinase (TK) or DNA polymerase, were all derived from the same wild-type (wt) strain after exposure to @entity1033 in tissue culture. Furthermore, all variants have pathogenic properties similar to the wt parental strain as assessed using @entity19 model systems (G. Darby, H.J. Field, and S.A. Salisbury, Nature (London) 289:81-83, 1981; B.A. Larder and G. Darby, Virology 146:262-271, 1985). Two groups of antiherpes compounds were used: those requiring activation by TK and those whose action is independent of that enzyme. The TK substrate-specificity mutants were generally resistant to the TK-activated drugs but showed wt susceptibility to @entity17720 , @entity12948 , and @entity7091 . The DNA polymerase mutants were relatively susceptible to most TK-activated drugs, although two were resistant to @entity17721 . The polymerase mutants showed a more complex pattern of susceptibility, however, to those compounds whose mode of action is independent of TK. In general, these variants showed similar responses to @entity17720 , @entity4541 , and @entity12948 , a particular variant being either resistant, susceptible, or @entity101 to all three. The response of each variant to @entity7091 , however, appeared to be the inverse of its response to the other three drugs. The cross-resistance patterns are discussed, and their implications for combined or successive therapies are considered.

title: Susceptibility to other antiherpes drugs of pathogenic variants of herpes simplex virus selected for resistance to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity12948 :: ('MESH:D014740', 'Chemical') :: ['9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyladenine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity4541 :: ('MESH:D017245', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonoformate']

entities_list: @entity17720 :: ('MESH:D010746', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonoacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity7091 :: ('MESH:D016590', 'Chemical') :: ['aphidicolin']

entities_list: @entity17721 :: ('MESH:D014271|MESH:C434785', 'Chemical') :: ["5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['herpes simplex virus type 1']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: Inconsistencies in the results of disk diffusion tests of @entity6101 against @entity794 that occurred when using commercially prepared Mueller-Hinton agar from different sources led us to evaluate the ability of media from different sources to detect resistance to @entity6101 , @entity3256 , and @entity16859 in @entity794 . Mueller-Hinton agar from five manufacturers was prepared in our laboratory and used for standard disk diffusion and agar dilution tests. Ten @entity6101 -resistant @entity794 isolates, of which three were definitive-resistant and seven were occult-resistant, were examined. All definitive-resistant strains were resistant to all three antimicrobial agents on four out of five agars. The occult-resistant strains were consistently detected as resistant on only one of the agars. With only slight differences, @entity6101 , @entity3256 , and @entity16859 resistance was more readily detected by disk diffusion and agar dilution when initially incubated at 30 degrees C, and extended incubation improved the detection. The frequency of resistance within a population of occult-resistant cells was low compared with the frequency within a population of definitively resistant cells. The heterogeneity of colony morphology and apparent growth rates within a population of occult-resistant cells contributed to the problem of detecting some resistant isolates. Definitive-resistant isolates were characterized by a very high and stable frequency of resistance. Occult-resistant strains were characterized by a lower frequency of resistance, although the true frequency of resistance may be difficult to ascertain because of heterogeneity in growth rates.

title: Effect of the source of Mueller-Hinton agar and resistance frequency on the detection of @entity3256 -resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity16859 :: ('MESH:D009254', 'Chemical') :: ['nafcillin']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: In this study we investigated the effect of the cytokines @entity1 @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) and @entity379 ( @entity379 ) on @entity1 Kupffer-cell-mediated @entity137 against the SW948 @entity694 cell line. Kupffer cells were isolated from small liver wedge biopsies, taken from 14 @entity1 who had had abdominal surgery for @entity694 or partial hepatectomy. The cells were incubated with @entity2841 (100 ng/ml), or with @entity379 (100 U/ml) or with their combination and the percentage @entity137 was determined using a recently described modified assay. Additional experiments were performed with @entity5 -factor-alpha ( @entity310 )-sensitive U937 cells as target. The @entity310 secretion of Kupffer cells was measured and we evaluated the effect of @entity310 on colon @entity5 targets. We performed @entity1 -Kupffer-cell-mediated @entity137 blocking experiments with anti- @entity310 and used @entity1604 -fixed Kupffer cells to demonstrate lysis of @entity310 -sensitive WEHI-164 cells and of SW948 cells. The overall @entity137 against SW948 caused by unactivated Kupffer cells (n = 14), and by Kupffer cells activated with @entity2841 (n = 14), @entity379 (n = 6) or their combination (n = 6) was respectively: 19.5 +/- 2.6%, 25.3 +/- 2.9%, 41 +/- 9.4% and 45.6 +/- 8% at E/T = 1 and 28.2 +/- 2.9%, 35.6 +/- 3.2%, 55.6 +/- 9.7% and 62.8% at E/T = 5. All differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No growth-promoting activity by @entity2841 on the SW948 @entity5 cells was observed. U937 cells were highly susceptible to Kupffer-cell-mediated @entity137 . The @entity310 secretion by @entity1 Kupffer cells increased in parallel to their @entity137 after incubation with these cytokines. Soluble @entity310 had only a slight anti-proliferative effect on SW948 cells, while specific anti- @entity310 blocked Kupffer cell @entity137 by up to 80%. Finally, @entity1604 -fixed Kupffer cells were able to lyse WEHI-164 and SW948 cells. This indicates that expression of cell-associated @entity310 is the main cytolytic mechanism of @entity1 -Kupffer-cell-mediated @entity137 . The implications for the use of @entity2841 and @entity379 in vivo are discussed.

title: Enhanced killing capacity of @entity1 Kupffer cells after activation with @entity1 @entity2841 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour-necrosis', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating Factor', 'hGM-CSF']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon gamma']


abstract: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity3100 currently consists of @entity3101 given orally for 1 to 3 months. @entity3102 , a newer antifungal, is effective therapy for a variety of systemic @entity364 . A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to compare @entity3102 and @entity3101 treatments of @entity1 with @entity3100 . Twenty-two @entity1 were enrolled, and 14 completed the protocol. All @entity1 had positive initial mycologic cultures. Seven evaluated @entity1 received each drug. The treatment groups were comparable in terms of age, weight, sex, race, duration of @entity281 , length of therapy, and @entity66 severity. Adverse reactions occurred in three @entity3102 -treated @entity1 and in none receiving @entity3101 . After 6 weeks of therapy, @entity3102 -treated @entity1 had improved as much as @entity3101 -treated @entity1 and were as likely to have negative mycologic cultures. @entity3102 shows promise as an alternative to @entity3101 for treating @entity1 with @entity3100 .

title: Comparison of @entity3102 and @entity3101 for treatment of XXXX in childhood: a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initial disease']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

answer: @entity3100 :: (MESH:D014006,Disease) :: ['tinea capitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acute @entity955 and @entity5069 are very common @entity943 seen in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 , but there is no consensus for their optimal management. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) @entity1818 for acute @entity955 or @entity5069 . METHODS: This health records review included a consecutive cohort of @entity341 @entity1 with acute-onset @entity955 or @entity956 who received IV @entity1818 at one university hospital @entity341 during a five-year period. The standard clinical protocol involved IV infusion of 1 g of @entity1818 over 60 minutes, followed by electrical cardioversion if necessary. A trained observer extracted data from the original clinical records. Outcome measurements included conversion to sinus rhythm, adverse events, and relapse up to seven days. RESULTS: The 341 study @entity1 had a mean age of 63.9 years (SD +/- 15.5 years), and 56.6% were male. The conversion rates were 52.2% (95% confidence interval = 47% to 58%) for 316 @entity955 cases and 28.0% (95% confidence interval = 13% to 46%) for 25 @entity956 cases. Mean dose given was 860.7 mg (SD +/- 231.2 mg), and median time to conversion was 55 minutes. Adverse events occurred in 34 cases (10.0%): @entity551 , 8.5%; @entity1168 , 0.6%; @entity713 , 0.6%; and @entity1165 , 0.3%. There were no cases of @entity1166 , @entity64 , or @entity204 . Most @entity1 (94.4%) were discharged home, but 2.9% of @entity1 returned with a recurrence of @entity955 within seven days. CONCLUSIONS: This study of acute @entity955 or @entity5069 @entity1 treated in the @entity341 with IV @entity1818 suggests that this treatment is safe and effective in this setting. @entity1818 should be prospectively compared with other @entity341 strategies.

title: Emergency department use of intravenous @entity1818 for @entity1 with acute @entity955 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide', 'Procainamide']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsades de pointes']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity5069 :: (MESH:D054141,Disease) :: ['flutter']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early efforts to predict @entity204 following severe @entity4808 focused on age and burn size; more recent work incorporated @entity130 and @entity55 . Gender, co-morbid illness, and co-existent @entity130 have been implicated in burn mortality but have rarely been incorporated into predictive models. METHODS: The National Burn Repository (NBR) and the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) provided data on 68,661 (54,219 and 14,442, respectively) burn @entity1 that was used to develop and validate, respectively, a predictive model of burn mortality. Logistic regression was used to model the odds of mortality with respect to age, gender, % body surface area burned (BSAB), co-existent @entity130 , @entity130 , @entity55 , and co-morbid illness. Performance of the predictive model was assessed using a deviance statistic, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) statistic. RESULTS: The predictive model that demonstrated optimal performance included the variables age, percent total BSAB, @entity130 , co-existent @entity130 , and @entity55 . The area under the ROC curve for this model was 0.94 and the HL statistic was 16.0. The inclusion of additional variables, i.e., gender, co-morbid illness, did not improve the performance of the model despite reduction in the model deviance. When the predictive model was applied to the validation data source, the area under the ROC curve was 0.87 and the HL statistic was 10.0, indicating good discrimination and calibration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that a comprehensive predictive model of burn mortality incorporating certain variables not previously considered in other models provides superior predictive ability.

title: Improving the ability to predict mortality among burn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'inhalation injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the early clinical experience with the Talent stent-graft system in the treatment of @entity449 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 15 males aged from 51-79 years. A bifurcated Talent stent-graft was implanted in 9 @entity1 with type B or C @entity439 , a tube graft in 6 @entity1 with a type A @entity439 . The stent-grafts were introduced via a surgical femoral cut-down, for a bifurcated graft a bilateral surgical access was needed. All procedures were performed as teamwork by radiologists and vascular surgeons under general anaesthesia in the angiography suite. RESULTS: Primary and secondary technical successes were 80 and 86%, respectively. Technical failures were due to access site problems (n = 1; elective open repair), malpositioning of the prosthesis (n = 1; immediate conversion to open surgery), and primary distal leakage (n = 1; elective occlusion by means of distal stent-graft extension). One @entity1 died 15 days after an uneventful stent-graft insertion (30-day mortality 6%). No complications were observed during a mean follow-up period of 7.8 months. The aneurysmal diameter decreased in 6 @entity1 and remained unchanged in the others. CONCLUSIONS: The Talent system revealed satisfactory early results which are comparable to competitive stent-graft systems. An advantage of this stent-graft device is the availability in a wide range of dimensions. A major disadvantage is the large introducer system (french size 22-27).

title: [Endoluminal therapy of XXXX with the Talent system--initial experiences with a new endoprosthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['infrarenal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: Prevalence and clinical manifestation of @entity3001 were analyzed. Evaluation of frequency of anti- @entity12732 burgdorferi in sera collected from @entity12767 were performed too. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 113 @entity12767 from Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship were examined (56 from Szubin district, 29 from Runowo district and 28 from Lut  wko district). Duration of works, frequency of exposition for tick, presence of @entity8831 ( @entity8831 ) in the past and present manifestation of @entity3001 were analyzed. Serological studies were performed in each case. RESULTS: Duration of works balanced between one and 47 years. In 92 cases exposition took place more than one time. 24 suffered from @entity8831 in the past but only two of them were treated with antibiotics because of this manifestation. 14 of 113 @entity1 suffered from @entity625 . Serological markers of infection with B.b. were finding in 37 cases. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Not every infection with B.b. are clinically manifested. (2) The risk of infection with B.b. is higher in @entity1 frequently exposed on ticks. (3) There is no correlation between duration of works in a forest and frequency of B.b. infection in @entity12767 what indicate that infected with B. @entity3966 expanded on kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship recently. (4) Forestry workers should be systematically examined because of high risk of Lime disease. (5) The information about @entity3001 should be widespread.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX among @entity12767 in Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship].

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['borreliosis', 'Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme arthritis']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['forestry workers']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['EM', 'erythema migrans']

answer: @entity3001 :: (MESH:D008193,Disease) :: ['borreliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify biomarkers key to invasiveness of the three subtypes of non-functioning @entity977 (NFPAs) and provide a guidance for therapeutic decision-making and identification of potential adjuvant drugs. METHODS: Fifty NFPAs @entity5 tissues obtained from transsphenoidal surgery were used in the study. Three invasive NFPAs and four non-invasive NFPAs were used for gene expression microarray analyses; Additionally, there are five invasive NFPAs and four non-invasive NFPAs used for proteomic analyses. Invasive-related biomarkers were identified by bioinformatics analysis by integrating the transcriptomics and proteomics datasets. All the three subtypes of NFPAs (null cell adenomas, @entity1637 and @entity652 ) were used to validate differentially expressed candidate biomarkers by means of real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The level of @entity16812 was down-regulated in pituitary @entity652 cell line GH3 to investigate the invasive effect of @entity16812 on GH3 cells by using RNA interference (RNAi) technique. RESULTS: Eight genes involved in the invasion function were found by bioinformatics analysis, and @entity16812 ( @entity16812 ) gene was identified as a novel invasive-related biomarker in the three subtypes of NFPAs. The expression level of @entity16812 was found much higher in terms of invasiveness over the non-invasive ones of the three subtypes of NFPAs. Moreover, the knockdown of @entity16812 inhibited the invasion of GH3 cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: @entity16812 is a novel biomarker in terms of invasion among the three subtypes of NFPAs, and it is a promising guidance for therapeutic decision-making as well.

title: A novel invasive-related biomarker in three subtypes of non-functioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['gonadotroph adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the molecular mechanisms of the anti- @entity5 effect of @entity6108 in @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) @entity1 cells. METHODS: Cell viability was determined using @entity98 assay. Ribonucleic acid sequencing was performed to measure expression levels of transcripts in @entity957 cells treated with 15    mol/L @entity6108 (treatment groups) or an equal amount of @entity3733 (control). Cuffdiff software was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treatment groups, followed by enrichment analysis of DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integration Discovery. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks for up and downregulated DEGs were constructed by Cytoscape software using Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes data to identify hub nodes. RESULTS: @entity6108 significantly reduced cell viability in @entity957 cells. In total, 380 DEGs including 154   upregulated and 126 downregulated genes were found in the treatment groups. The upregulated genes were enriched in base excision repair (BER, such as PCNA, @entity20700 , and @entity20701 ) and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAT-STAT) signaling pathways (such as @entity584 and @entity11715 ), while the downregulated genes were enriched in nine pathways, including the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) signaling pathway (such as @entity3818 , @entity7 , @entity3963 , and @entity1435 ) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway ( @entity17977 , @entity3963 , @entity1435 , and @entity2451 ). PCNA and @entity584 were the hub nodes in the PPI network of upregulated genes while @entity3963 , @entity1435 , @entity7 , and @entity2451 were the hub nodes in the PPI network of downregulated genes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6108 might exert anti- @entity5 effects on @entity957 via regulating BER, JAT-STAT, @entity7 , and MAPK signaling pathways.

title: Potential anti- @entity5 effect of XXXX in @entity1 @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGFA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['LSQCC', 'lung squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6108 :: ('MESH:D003474', 'Chemical') :: ['Curcumin', 'curcumin']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide']

answer: @entity6108 :: (MESH:D003474,Chemical) :: ['curcumin']


abstract: To determine the cardiac and peripheral circulatory responses to changes in afterload with angiotension and vasopressin, we increased mean aortic pressure 25% and 50% above control in splenectomized and ganglion-blocked @entity235 . We compared these responses to similar mechanical increases in aortic pressure produced by partial @entity432 of the descending aorta. With 25% or 50% increases in aortic pressure, angiotensin, vasopressin, and balloon inflation produced no changes in heart rate, right @entity551 . At 25% increase in aortic pressure, cardiac output was maintained with angiotensin and @entity432 but decreased with vasopressin. At 50% increase in aortic pressure, cardiac output was maintained with only @entity432 and decreased with both angiotensin and vasopressin. @entity998 fell, central blood volume did not increase as after-load increased. These changes in preload can be explained by alterations in the venous circulation. @entity1951 did not alter venous compliance or unstressed vascular volume but increased resistance to venous return. @entity7774 also increased resistance to venous return but decreased venous compliance and did not change unstressed vascular volume. @entity432 had no effects on these parameters. We conclude that: (a) angiotensin caused significant venoconstriction resulting in maintenance of cardiac output at 25% but not 50% increase in aortic pressure; (b) vasopressin increased the resistance to venous return without venoconstriction; this resulted in a fall in cardiac output even with a 25% increase in aortic pressure; and (c) the effects of the agents on the venous circulation were independent of the mechanical effects of a pressure increase in the arterial circulation.

title: Cardiac and peripheral circulatory responses to angiotension and vasopressin in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['Whenever cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['Vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['balloon occlusion', 'Balloon occlusion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['atrial, and mean pulmonary artery pressures']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume of @entity3303 1.5% with @entity1425 5  g/mL in 90% of @entity1 (MEV(90)) for single-injection ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block (ICB). METHODS: Using an in-plane technique, a single-injection ultrasound-guided ICB was performed: a 17-gauge, 8-cm Tuohy needle was advanced until the tip was located dorsal to the axillary artery. Volume assignment was carried out using a biased coin design up-and-down sequential method, where the volume of local anesthetic administered to each @entity1 depended on the response of the previous one. In case of failure, the next subject received a higher volume (defined as the previous volume with an @entity1605 .5 mL). If the previous @entity1 had a successful block, the next subject was randomized to a lower volume (defined as the previous volume with a @entity1605 .5 mL), with a probability of b=0.11, or the same volume, with a probability of 1-b=0.89. @entity3303 1.5% with @entity1425 5  g/mL was used in all subjects. Success was defined, at 30 mins, as a minimal score of 14 of 16 points using a composite scale encompassing @entity3481 . @entity1 undergoing surgery of the elbow, forearm, wrist, or hand were prospectively enrolled until 45 successful blocks were obtained. RESULTS: Fifty-five @entity1 were included in the study. Using isotonic regression and bootstrap confidence interval (CI), the MEV(90) for single-injection ultrasound-guided ICB was estimated to be 35 mL (95% CI, 30-37.5 mL). The probability of a successful response at 35 mL was estimated to be 0.91 (95% CI, 0.8-1.0). All @entity1 with a minimal composite score of 14 points at 30 mins achieved surgical anesthesia intraoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: For single-injection ultrasound-guided ICB, the MEV(90) of @entity3303 1.5% with @entity1425 5  g/mL @entity3482 mL. Further dose-finding studies are required for other concentrations of @entity3303 , other local anesthetic agents as well as techniques involving multiple injections, a more medial approach to ICB, or precise location of all 3 cords of the brachial plexus.

title: Minimum effective volume of XXXX for ultrasound-guided infraclavicular block.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['decrement of 2', 'increment of 2']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3481 :: ('MESH:D015417', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor block']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) after transurethral resection is by far the most effective local therapy for superficial @entity150 , the fifth most common @entity5 in the world. However, approximately one-third of @entity1 fail to respond and most @entity1 eventually relapse. In addition, there are pronounced side effects of BCG therapy, such as @entity295 and a high frequency of BCG-induced @entity2335 . This study established a novel immunotherapy through immobilization of streptavidin-tagged @entity1 @entity1199 (SA- @entity1199 ) on the biotinylated mucosal surface of bladder wall. METHODS: A @entity19 orthotopic model of @entity150 was established by perfusing MB49 cells into @entity19 bladders. The SA- @entity1199 fusion protein was immobilized on the biotinylated mucosal surface of the bladder wall. Treatment began on day 1 after MB49 implantation, once every 3 days for 6 times. Immunohistochemical assay was performed to assess the persistence of SA- @entity1199 immobilized on the biotinylated mucosal surface of the bladder wall. The @entity19 were monitored for @entity5 growth and survival. On day 60 after MB49 implantation, the SA- @entity1199 -cured @entity19 , which were found to have no @entity811 or palpable @entity5 , were challenged with wild-type MB49 cells implanted into the pretreated bladder and monitored for survival. RESULTS: SA- @entity1199 could be immobilized efficiently and durably on the bladder mucosal surface as long as 7 days. On day 60 after MB49 implantation, 9 out of 20 SA- @entity1199 -treated @entity19 survived, but all @entity19 in PBS control group died. More importantly, 5 out of 9 @entity5 -free @entity19 in the SA- @entity1199 group were protected against a second intravesical wild-type MB49 @entity5 challenge. CONCLUSIONS: SA- @entity1199 fusion protein could significantly inhibit @entity5 growth and extend the survival time in the orthotopic model of @entity150 .

title: A novel immunotherapy for superficial XXXX by the immobilization of streptavidin-tagged bioactive IL-2 on the biotinylated mucosal surface of the bladder wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['BCG sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'MB49 bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best surgical technique for sacrococcygeal @entity66 is still controversial. The aim of this randomized prospective trial was to compare both the results of Limberg flap procedure and primary closure. METHODS: A total of 260 @entity1 with sacrococcygeal @entity66 were assigned randomly to undergo Limberg flap procedure or tension-free primary closure. RESULTS: Success of surgery was achieved in 84.62% of Limberg flap @entity1 versus 77.69% of primary closure (P = .0793). Surgical time for primary closure was shorter. @entity2737 was more frequent in the primary closure group (P = .0254), which experienced less @entity282 (P < .0001). No significant difference was found in time off from work (P = .672) and wound dehiscence. Recurrence was observed in 3.84% versus 0% in the primary closure versus Limberg flap group (P = .153). CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not show a clear benefit for surgical management by Limberg flap or primary closure. Limberg flap showed less @entity9458 and wound @entity281 ; our technique of tension-free primary closure was a day case procedure, less @entity158 , and shorter than Limberg flap.

title: Randomized comparison of Limberg flap versus modified primary closure for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal disease']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['Wound infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity9458 :: ('MESH:D003289', 'Disease') :: ['convalescence']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pilonidal disease']


abstract: Recovery of natural killer (NK) cells after cessation of chemotherapy for childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity5 was investigated in 25 @entity1 aged 3 to 18 years. The numbers of CD3- @entity2940 +, @entity4071 +, and @entity405 - @entity4755 + cells in peripheral blood were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after discontinuation of therapy. The @entity2940 + and @entity4071 + cell counts of @entity981 @entity1 (n = 14) were below the mean -1 SD values of controls at cessation but normalized within one month due to a rapid 2.1 and 4.5 fold increase, respectively. The @entity405 - @entity4755 + cell count of @entity981 @entity1 was normal compared to controls at cessation. In solid @entity5 @entity1 (n = 11), the counts of all NK cell phenotypes studied were of normal amount compared to controls at cessation and no vigorous increase occurred after the therapy. NK cell function was determined by killing K 562 target cells in five @entity1 . In the two standard risk @entity981 @entity1 tested, the activity was still low at 5 months after therapy. In contrast, the function was normal at 1 month ( @entity3969 ), 3 months (Mb Hodgkin's) and 6 months ( @entity2109 ). In conclusion, NK cell counts were decreased compared to controls during therapy for @entity981 , but recovered rapidly afterwards. In spite of normal counts, NK cell function may be impaired for several months. The number and function of NK cells is less affected in solid @entity5 @entity1 . These differences may reflect the milder immunosuppressive effect of interval cytostatic medication in solid @entity5 @entity1 when compared to the more intensive continuous therapy in @entity981 @entity1 .

title: Recovery of natural killer cells after chemotherapy for childhood XXXX and @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: Acute @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is one of the most common causes of severe disability and mortality after @entity130 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify different levels of @entity1566 , but sometimes unable to detect the associated soft tissue injuries. The role of MRI with contrast in @entity1 with @entity1566 has not been studied. This is the first study in @entity1 to compare the efficacy of MRI with and without contrast in diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of SCIs.In this cross-sectional diagnostic study, MRI with and without contrast was performed on 40 @entity1 with acute @entity3510 . In these @entity1 , 3 different types of MRI signal patterns were detected and compared.The most common cases of @entity3510 were accident (72.5%) and the after fall (27.5%). The prevalence of lesions detected includes spine @entity174 (70%), @entity612 (32.5%), soft tissue injuries (30%), and tearing of the spinal cord (2.5%). A classification was developed using 3 patterns of SCIs. Type I, seen in 2 (5.0%) of the @entity1 , demonstrated a decreased signal intensity consistent with acute intraspinal @entity548 . Type II, seen in 8 (20.0%) of the @entity1 , demonstrated a bright signal intensity consistent with acute cord @entity4 . Type III, seen in 1 (2.5%) of the @entity1 , demonstrated a mixed signal of hypointensity centrally and hyperintensity peripherally consistent with contusion. In the diagnosis of all injuries, MRI with contrast efficacy comparable to noncontrast MRI, except in the diagnosis of soft tissue, which was significantly higher sensitivity (P<0.05).So given that is not significant differences between noncontrast and contrast-enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of @entity130 ( @entity1410 , @entity4 , etc.) and contrast-enhanced MRI just better in soft tissues. We recommend to the MRI with contrast only used in cases of suspected severe soft tissue injury, which have been ignored by detection MRI without contrast.

title: Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI with and Without Contrast in Diagnosis of Traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the clinical features of vulvar and @entity5436 ( @entity13711 and VAIN, respectively). METHODS: Total 148 @entity1 were performed vulvar or vaginal coloposcopy-directed biopsy pathology tests, from Sep. 2004 to Dec. 2007. RESULTS: Among 148 @entity1 , vulvar or vaginal histologic results were @entity5 for 1, @entity13711 or VAIN 2, 3 for 23, @entity13711 or VAIN for 16, @entity6205 for 61, @entity8756 and @entity365 for 47. Eighty-five percent (33/39) @entity1 with @entity13711 or VAIN 2, 3 were more than 30 years old. Compared to @entity1 with @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ), @entity1 with @entity13711 or VAIN were older. The rate of high-risk HPV DNA in @entity1 with @entity6068 was 84% (84/100). VAIN occurred mainly in the upper vagina (90%, 69/75). @entity13711 or VAIN often accompanied or followed @entity2622 (79%, 31/39), and @entity13711 or VAIN 2, 3 often accompanied or followed @entity3146 2, 3 or cervical @entity5 (70%, 16/23). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity1 with high-risk HPV @entity281 are at risk of developing @entity13711 or VAIN 2, 3. The vulva and vagina should be carefully inspected by colposcopic examination at the time of colposcopy for any abnormal findings.

title: [Preliminary study of vulvar and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity6205 :: ('MESH:D062688', 'Disease') :: ['condyloma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['CIN or cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity6068 :: ('MESH:D014845', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar or vaginal lesions']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginitis']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['vaginal intraepithelial neoplasias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity792 have been associated with some organ non-specific @entity74 such as @entity309 and @entity1252 ; however, few studies have been performed in an extensive cohort of @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). Our objective was to evaluate the thyroid function and the prevalence of antithyroid antibodies, @entity1669 and @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one @entity1 (120 female, 31 male, median age 8.3 yr, range 2.4-16.9 yr) with @entity4932 were evaluated. All @entity1 underwent thyroid function tests (u-TSH, free T(4) and free T(3)), antithyroglobulin ( @entity13808 ) and antiperoxidase (TPOA) antibodies, antigliadin, anti-endomysium and antitransglutaminase antibodies. All @entity1 with raised thyroid stimulating hormone levels, low thyroid hormone levels or positive TPOA and/or @entity13808 values had a thyroid high-resolution sonography examination. @entity66 was confirmed by jejunal biopsy if the specific antibodies profile was positive. One hundred and fifty-eight age- and sex-matched Caucasian @entity1 from the same geographical area acted as controls. RESULTS: Fourteen (9.3%) @entity1 showed @entity1375 , 17 (11.9%) @entity1 showed @entity1669 with nine @entity1 also showing a non-homogeneous thyroid parenchyma at ultrasound evaluation. @entity66 was demonstrated in 10 (6.6%) @entity1 . Compared with controls, @entity4932 @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity1375 (P < 0.01), @entity1669 (P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4932 @entity1 have an increased prevalence of @entity1669 , @entity1375 and @entity66 . These data seem to suggest careful monitoring of thyroid function, thyroid autoantibodies and @entity66 in @entity4932 @entity1 .

title: Thyroid function, @entity1669 and @entity66 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'Coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis', 'autoimmune thyroiditis (P < 0.0001) and coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatological disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['Autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile idiopathic arthritis']


abstract: @entity10162 ( @entity10162 ) mutations cause a new @entity5 , with a high rate of @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). Here, we tested the hypothesis that @entity3620 associated with germline @entity10162 mutations has a better prognosis compared with sporadic @entity3620 . We compared survival among germline @entity10162 mutation @entity3620 @entity1 with that of all @entity3620 (N = 10 556) recorded in the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 1973 to 2010. We identified 23 @entity3620 @entity1 --11 alive--with germline @entity10162 mutations and available data on survival. Ten @entity1 had peritoneal @entity3620 , ten pleural @entity3620 and three @entity3620 in both locations. Thirteen @entity1 had one or more @entity5 in addition to @entity3620 . Actuarial median survival for the @entity3620 @entity1 with germline @entity10162 mutations was 5 years, as compared with <1 year for the median survival in the United States SEER @entity3620 group. Five-year survival was 47%, 95% confidence interval (24-67%), as compared with 6.7% (6.2-7.3%) in the control SEER group. Analysis of the pooled cohort of germline @entity10162 mutation @entity3620 showed that @entity1 with peritoneal @entity3620 (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0571), or with a second @entity5 in addition to @entity3620 (median survival of 10 years, P = 0.0716), survived for a longer time compared with @entity1 who only had pleural @entity3620 , or @entity3620 @entity1 without a second @entity5 , respectively. In conclusion, we found that @entity3620 @entity1 with germline @entity10162 mutations have an overall 7-fold increased long-term survival, independently of sex and age. Appropriate genetic counseling and clinical management should be considered for @entity3620 @entity1 who are also @entity10162 mutation carriers.

title: Mesothelioma @entity1 with germline XXXX mutations have 7-fold improved long-term survival.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer syndrome', 'malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity10162 :: ('8314', 'Gene') :: ['BRCA1-associated protein-1', 'BAP1']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma', 'MM']

answer: @entity10162 :: (8314,Gene) :: ['BAP1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To verify the possibility of administering robot-aided therapy for the upper limbs in @entity1 after @entity64 ; to evaluate @entity1 ' degree of acceptance and compliance with the treatment; to establish if the treatment has an effect on motor impairment and functional outcome. DESIGN: Quasi-experimental, uncontrolled study. SUBJECTS: Fourteen @entity1 with chronic @entity1269 after @entity64 . METHODS: @entity1 were treated with a robotic system for the upper limbs (ReoGo; Motorika Medical Ltd, Israel). Subjects performed the following assessment, at the start (T0), at the end of treatment (T1), and at the follow-up performed one month after the end of treatment (T2): Fugl-Meyer test (FM) for upper limbs; strength evaluation; Ashworth scale; visual analogue scale (VAS) for @entity158 ; Frenchay Arm test (FAT); Box and Block test (B _ B); @entity177 ( @entity177 ); ABILHAND Questionnaire; Timed Up and Go test (TUG); @entity7634 -Quality of Life questionnaire and; a VAS for treatment satisfaction were administered to the subjects. RESULTS: Total scores of FM, B_B, FAT and @entity177 showed a statistically significant improvement from T0 and T1 (FM p < 0.002, B_B p < 0.012, FAT p < 0.023, @entity177 p < 0.007) and from T0 and T2 (FM p < 0.003, B_B p < 0.011, FAT p < 0.024, @entity177 p < 0.027). No statistically significant differences were found between evaluations at T1 and T2 (FM p < 0.595, B_B p < 0.491, FAT p < 0.317, @entity177 p < 0.180). CONCLUSION: The sample was capable of completing the treatment and demonstrated good @entity1 satisfaction. This pilot study led to the finding of a clinical improvement and excellent @entity1 compliance. It can be hypothesized that the results are robot-dependent and that they were learned and then maintained. However, the study is limited in that a control group was not used. As such, it is desirable to continue this study with a control group, as well as by designing a prospective longitudinal randomized controlled trial study.

title: Robot therapy for functional recovery of the upper limbs: a pilot study on @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['FIM', 'Functional Independence Measure']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Between 1995 and 2004, 43 @entity1 with @entity189 were diagnosed and treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Parma, Italy. The palate was the most common site of involvement and comprised 53.5% of the cases. @entity2347 was the most common histological type (60.6%), followed by @entity3975 (27.9%). All @entity1 were treated with surgery as the primary modality. Neck dissection was performed in 20.9% of @entity1 , and more than half (72.1%) were treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. The range of the follow-up was 24-132 months (mean: 66 months). Of the 43 @entity1 examined in this study, 12 died due to the @entity5 . Treatment failure was documented in 18 of the 43 @entity1 (41.9%). Disease-free intervals ranged from 1 month to 9 years and 13.9% of the @entity1 had local failure, whereas 25,6% had distant metastases. The survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were 90.7%, 71.8%, and 68%, respectively. The local control rates were 93.1% at 2 years and 83.1% at 5 and 10 years. The 2-, 5-, and 10-year rates for freedom from distant relapse were 95.2%, 83.4%, and 57.5%, respectively. The T stage, cervical lymph node @entity3 , surgical margin status and perineural invasion were statistically significant to the outcome.

title: XXXX of intraoral minor salivary glands.

entities_list: @entity3975 :: ('MESH:D018277', 'Disease') :: ['mucoepidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['intraoral minor salivary gland carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Malignant tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7576 Background: Lung @entity5 has traditionally been treated according to histologic subtype with a plateau in the efficacy of combination chemotherapy. Recent advances have identified oncogenic 'driver mutations' in @entity2 that predict response to targeted therapies. However, knowledge resources are limited regarding the clinical relevance of such mutations. METHODS: We performed a literature review regarding the prevalence and clinical significance of various treatments for ~40 mutations in 10 genes ( @entity470 , @entity984 , @entity817 , @entity8497 , @entity10160 , @entity12363 , @entity584 , @entity1722 , @entity983 , and @entity7041 ) for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Data from prospective and retrospective trials as well as preclinical studies was collected. RESULTS: ~100 articles/abstracts were synthesized into the publicly available My Cancer Genome website (mycancergenome.org) which launched in Jan 2011. Content includes information about the oncogene pathway (e.g. What is @entity470 ), the clinical significance of the gene for a specific type of @entity5 (e.g. @entity470 in @entity1149 ), and a summary of clinically relevant data related to a particular gene mutation (e.g. @entity470 Exon 19 deletion in @entity1149 ). Information regarding mutation directed clinical trials open for accrual both at Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center and worldwide is provided using a direct query of clinicaltrials.gov. This decision support tool is integrated into Vanderbilt's electronic medical record to provide actionable decision support for mutation directed treatment prioritization and clinical trial availability. Clinicians, @entity1 , and researchers with access to the internet can also access the website freely and directly. CONCLUSIONS: My Cancer Genome is an international resource to assist clinicians in prioritizing genome directed @entity5 therapies. The first implementation includes content for @entity1149 . We are now expanding the content to include @entity320 , @entity0 , @entity694 and other @entity5 . New data will be incorporated on an ongoing basis. We welcome public/private partnerships to expand content and make this a truly global resource.

title: My Cancer Genome: Web-based clinical decision support for genome-directed XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The extremely high rate of cell division that occurs during early embryogenesis is hypothesized to predispose to high rates of mutation after chemical exposure. We tested this supposition experimentally. To probe the variation in susceptibility to mutation induction as a function of gestation stage, somatic cells of the developing @entity329 were isolated after transplacental treatment with @entity330 ( @entity331 ). Mutants were quantified using either @entity332 ( @entity333 ) or diphtheria toxin (DT) as selective agents. Several different approaches were used. In one, three litters were exposed on each gestation day and fetuses were removed on day 13. Maximum fetal sensitivity to @entity331 's genotoxic action was noted when treatment was at days 8 and 9, fewer mutants being obtained with earlier and later exposures. To compensate for the low numbers of target cells early in gestation, this experiment was repeated using larger numbers of litters exposed at the earlier time points, and the highest mutation frequency was now found to occur after treatment on gestation days 6 and 7. In the second approach, mutations were quantified in cells harvested 24 h after transplacental @entity331 exposure. Here again, embryos exposed at earlier times of gestation were more susceptible than those treated at later periods. Based on the total cell numbers in embryos and fetuses at each gestation day, we conclude that mutation frequency is maximal on day 6, corresponding to the primitive streak stage with extremely high rates of cell division.

title: Cell sensitivity to transplacental mutagenesis by XXXX is greatest during early gestation in the @entity329 .

entities_list: @entity330 :: ('MESH:D005038', 'Chemical') :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

answer: @entity330 :: (MESH:D005038,Chemical) :: ['N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea']


abstract: @entity31 ( @entity31 ) is associated with intestinal and extra intestinal clinical manifestations. The profound organic changes in @entity31 indicate that the colonic mechanical and mechanosensory functions are affected. The aim was to study acute morphological and biomechanical properties of the distal colon in @entity10312 -induced @entity31 in BALB/C @entity19 . Six normal male BALB/C @entity19 and 10 @entity10312 -induced @entity31 @entity19 were studied. @entity31 was induced by epicutaneous and intrarectal administration of @entity10312 . The mechanical test was done as a distension experiment where the colon was distended up to 20 cm @entity2507 . The pressure, outer diameter and length were recorded simultaneously. Circumferential and longitudinal stresses and strains were computed. The intestinal specimens were processed for histology. The mucosa was infiltrated with acute and chronic inflammatory cells. @entity548 , irregular @entity1066 crypt abscess, and destruction of the epithelial border were observed. Although, the mucosa in @entity1066 was much thinner than in the normal controls, the mucosa and submucosa around the @entity1066 were thicker than in the normal controls (P<0.05). @entity10312 -induced @entity1960 increased the circumferences and wall cross-sectional area (P<0.01), the opening angle and residual strain at the serosa increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, the circumferential and longitudinal stiffness increased in the @entity31 wall and was most pronounced in longitudinal direction. The opening angle and residual strain was linearly correlated to the wall thickness, area and @entity32 degree. In conclusion, morphological and biomechanical changes of the colon occurred during the development of @entity31 . The increased stiffness may contribute to the abnormal function in @entity1 with @entity31 .

title: Biomechanical changes in @entity10312 -induced @entity1960 in BALB/C XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity10312 :: ('MESH:D010081', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxazolone', 'oxazolone']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The objective of our study was to evaluate the T-helper (Th) and regulatory T (Treg) cell profile in ANCA-positive @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) and its relation to disease activity. In a prospective study, we studied two groups of GPA @entity1 : (i) disease flare (active-GPA, BVAS>6, n = 19), (ii) sustained remission (>=  1-year prior enrollment, inactive-GPA, BVAS = 0, n = 18). 24 age-sex matched healthy subjects served as controls. Active-GPA @entity1 were followed for 6 months and reevaluated during remission (early remission; n = 13). We analyzed subsets of Th-cells (flow cytometry), production of signature cytokines by in vitro stimulated lymphocytes, and broad spectrum of serum cytokines (Luminex). In all GPA @entity1 we observed expansion of effector Th17 cells, and increased production of @entity4155 by in vitro stimulated T cells, as compared to controls. Disease flare was characterized by marked reduction in Treg cells, whereas in sustained remission we showed expansion of both Treg and Th2 subset. Finally, analyzing the cytokine profile, we identified @entity16364 and LIGHT, as potential biomarkers of active disease. We conclude that in GPA, expansion of Treg and Th2 lymphocytes in parallel to increased Th17 response is a characteristic feature of sustained remission. In contrast, Treg cells are markedly decreased in disease flare.

title: Skewing toward Treg and Th2 responses is a characteristic feature of sustained remission in ANCA-positive @entity2883 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), a known histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been used as an anticonvulsant in @entity235 . @entity3262 also has anti-inflammatory properties, but there are no reports on the immunomodulatory effects of @entity3262 in @entity235 @entity5694 . In the present study, we demonstrate that the use of @entity3262 significantly reduces the production of early-phase pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, @entity7259 ) caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, @entity3262 was evaluated for 24h on LPS (100 ng/ml)-treated @entity235 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which isolated from 5 healthy @entity235 . @entity3262 significantly decreased the mRNA expression of TNF-a and @entity7259 in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05 for @entity7259 ; p<0.01 for TNF-a). Fourteen adult Beagles were studied for in vivo study; nine @entity235 received a low dose of LPS (10  g/kg/h) via continuous IV infusion for 12h to induce @entity5694 whereas 5 @entity235 received normal saline as controls. Four out of 9 endotoxemic @entity235 were administered @entity3262 (50mg/kg, IV) at 1h and 12h along with the LPS infusion. Three hours after the first administration of @entity3262 , @entity7259 mRNA expressions in PBMCs significantly decreased (p=0.033 vs. LPS group). @entity3262 also significantly decreased the circulating TNF-a (p=0.044 vs. LPS group at 3h) and @entity7259 protein at 3h (p=0.034 vs. LPS group) and 6h (p=0.026 vs. LPS group) post-treatment. Our study suggests that @entity3262 attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a @entity235 @entity5694 model in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that @entity1092 may be useful for reducing inflammatory cytokine levels in @entity235 with @entity295 .

title: @entity1092 attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines lipopolysaccharide-treated XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in vitro) and in a @entity235 @entity5694 model (in vivo).

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid', 'valproic acid']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To design effective national @entity294 control programs, including oral rehydration solution (ORS) and therapeutic @entity219 supplementation, information is needed on local perceptions of illness, external care seeking behaviors, and home treatment practices. METHODS: A cross-sectional, community-based household survey was conducted in the Orodara Health District, Burkina Faso. Caregivers of 10,490 @entity1 <27 months were interviewed to assess @entity1 @entity294 prevalence and related care practices. Characteristics of households, caregivers, @entity1 , and reported illnesses were compared for those caregivers who did or did not recognize the presence of @entity294 , as defined according to clinical criteria (>=  3 liquid or semi-liquid stools/day). Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with illness recognition and treatment. RESULTS: Clinically defined @entity294 was present in 7.6% (95% CI: 7.1-8.1%) of @entity1 during the 24 hours preceding the survey but recognized by only 55% of caregivers. Over half (55%) of the caregivers of 1,067 @entity1 with a clinically defined @entity294 episode in the past 14 days sought care outside the home; 78% of those seeking care attended a public sector clinic. Care was sought and treatment provided more frequently for @entity1 with @entity221 , @entity391 , @entity448 , @entity221 , and those living closer to the health center; and care was sought more frequently for male @entity1 . 80% of @entity1 with recent @entity294 received some form of treatment; only 24% received ORS, whereas 14% received antibiotics. @entity219 was not yet available in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers frequently fail to recognize @entity1 's @entity294 , especially among younger @entity1 and when illness signs are less severe. Treatment practices do not correspond with international recommendations in most cases, even when caregivers consult with formal health services. @entity1 caregivers need additional assistance to recognize @entity294 correctly, and both caregivers and health care providers need updated training on current @entity294 treatment recommendations.

title: Caregiver recognition of childhood XXXX , care seeking behaviors and home treatment practices in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['longer illness duration', 'fever']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity6838 tablets and liquid-filled capsules with respect to excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces at steady state. DESIGN: A randomized, crossover trial, each period lasting 3 weeks, with no washout period. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity1 : Six @entity1 , five of whom were elderly, with histories of @entity344 , such as @entity17313 , intestinal @entity6124 , and @entity29 . INTERVENTIONS: The @entity1 received @entity6838 once/day in either tablet or capsule form for 3 weeks, and then were switched to the other formulation. Total urinary and fecal excretion from the last 3 days of each regimen were analyzed for the drug and metabolites. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between tablets and capsules in recovery of @entity6838 or its metabolites in urine or feces (p = 0.05). One subject had a 4-fold increase in urinary drug excretion and 50% decrease in fecal excretion after taking the capsules compared with tablets. Intersubject variability in extent and type of metabolite excretion was greater than intrasubject variability. CONCLUSIONS: Fecal analyses may be an accurate way to classify @entity1 as formers of @entity6838 reduction products.

title: Disposition of tablet and capsule formulations of XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity17313 :: ('MESH:D000126', 'Disease') :: ['hypochlorhydria']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity6124 :: ('MESH:D001765', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial overgrowth']

answer: @entity6838 :: (MESH:D004077,Chemical) :: ['digoxin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 is associated with an increased incidence of @entity1031 complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L), which displays prothrombotic properties, in @entity1 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) in comparison with inflammatory and healthy controls. METHODS: Plasma levels of sCD40L, prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex and soluble @entity8729 were measured in 104 @entity29 @entity1 (54 @entity31 and 50 @entity30 ), in 18 cases with other causes of intestinal @entity32 and in 80 healthy controls using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma levels of sCD40L were correlated with disease activity, type, localization and treatment as well as with the measured thrombophilic parameters. RESULTS: @entity30 @entity1 had significantly higher sCD40L levels than both groups of controls ( @entity30 vs HC P < 0.001; @entity30 vs non-IBD P < 0.05). @entity31 @entity1 had higher but not significantly different sCD40L levels compared with the controls. Both @entity31 and @entity30 @entity1 with active disease had significantly higher sCD40L levels in comparison with @entity1 with inactive disease. Plasma levels of sCD40L were correlated with platelet count (r = 0.27, P = 0.001). They also showed a correlation with prothrombin F1+2 (r = 0.16, r = 0.03) and TAT (r = 0.15, r = 0.04) as well as with @entity8729 (r = 0.19, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The increased sCD40L plasma levels may represent, at least in some degree, a molecular link between @entity29 and the procoagualant state.

title: Association between enhanced soluble @entity2936 ligand and prothrombotic state in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity601 ( @entity601 ) are severe @entity3002 that occur as a result of abnormal development in the third and fourth weeks of gestation. Studies have shown that periconceptional @entity1501 (FA) can reduce both the incidence and recurrence of @entity601 . METHODS: A cohort study was carried out using the electronic hospital booking records of @entity1 delivering in a large Dublin maternity hospital between 2000 and 2007. Logistic regression analyses were performed to measure the associations between maternal factors and optimal FA use. RESULTS: Of the 61,252 @entity1 in the cohort, 85% reported taking FA at some point during the periconceptional period; however, only 28% took FA as recommended. Factors associated with taking the recommended amount of FA included nulliparity [adjusted OR: 1.35 (95% CI: 1.28-1.43)], early booking (<12 weeks) [OR: 1.24 (95% CI: 1.17-1.31)], increasing maternal age (e.g. 30-34 years) [OR: 1.39 (95% CI: 1.30-1.48)], private health care [OR: 4.32 (95% CI: 4.1-4.6)] and fertility treatment [OR: 2.88 (95% CI: 2.44-3.40)]. Factors associated with taking less than recommended or no FA included unplanned pregnancy [OR: 0.08 (0.07-0.08)], lower socio-economic status (e.g. unemployed) [OR: 0.63 (95% CI: 0.55-0.71)], non-Irish nationality [OR: 0.82 (0.74-0.90)] and smokers [OR: 0.51 (95% CI: 0.47-0.55)]. CONCLUSIONS: Social, demographic and economic factors have an important influence on the FA uptake. Vulnerable groups who report limited uptake of FA need to be specifically targeted in future Public Health campaigns and further consideration needs to be given to the debate on food fortification in countries where this is currently not available.

title: Prevalence and predictors of periconceptional XXXX uptake--prospective cohort study in an Irish urban obstetric population.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Neural tube defects', 'NTDs']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the central nervous system']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Closure of a palmar soft tissue defect of the proximal phalanx after limited fasciectomy in recurrent @entity2074 . INDICATIONS: A palmar soft tissue defect between the distal flexion crease of the palm and the flexion crease of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) after limited fasciectomy in @entity2074 . CONTRAINDICATIONS: Scars at the lateral-dorsal portion of the proximal phalanx (e.g., after burns). SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Modified incision after Bruner ("mini-Bruner"). Removal of the involved @entity602 . If necessary, arthrolysis of the PIP. Raising the lateral-dorsal transposition flap from distal to proximal and rotating it into the palmar soft tissue defect of the proximal phalanx. Closure of the donor site with a skin transplant. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Dorsal plaster of Paris with extended fingers and compressive dressing in the palm for 2  days. Afterwards static dorsal splint and daily physiotherapy. RESULTS: Between 2002 and 2007, a total of 32  lateral-dorsal transposition flaps in 30  @entity1 with recurrent @entity2074 of the little finger underwent surgery. In a retrospective study, 19  @entity1 with 20  flaps were available for follow-up evaluation after a mean of 6  years. All flaps had healed. The median flexion contracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint was 0   (preoperatively, 20  ), and of the PIP 20   (preoperatively, 85  ) according to Tubiana stage  1 (preoperatively, Tubiana stage  3). The median grip strength of both the operated and the contralateral hand was 39  kg. The DASH score averaged 11  points. Overall, 11  @entity1 were very satisfied, 6  @entity1 were satisfied, 1  @entity1 was less satisfied, and 1  @entity1 was unsatisfied.

title: [The lateral-dorsal transposition flap for closure of a palmar soft tissue defect of the proximal phalanx on the little finger after limited fasciectomy in recurrent XXXX .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['fascial cord']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ["Dupuytren's disease", "Dupuytren's contracture"]

answer: @entity2074 :: (MESH:D004387,Disease) :: ['Dupuytren's contracture']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Obesity is rising to unprecedented numbers, affecting a growing number of @entity1 , adolescents and young adult @entity1 . These individuals face innumerous health problems, including subfertility or even @entity249 . Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 present severe alterations in their body composition and hormonal profile, particularly in ghrelin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 ( @entity6757 ) levels. It is well known that male reproductive health is under the control of the individual's nutritional status and also of a tight network of regulatory signals, particularly hormonal signaling. However, few studies have been focused on the effects of ghrelin, leptin and @entity6757 in male reproduction and how energy homeostasis and male reproductive function are linked. These hormones regulate body @entity413 homeostasis and several studies suggest that they can serve as targets for anti- @entity28 drugs. In recent years, our understanding of the mechanisms of action of these hormones has grown significantly. Curiously, their effect on male reproductive potential, that is highly dependent of the metabolic cooperation established between testicular cells, remains a matter of debate. Herein, we review general concepts of male fertility and @entity28 , with a special focus on the effects of ghrelin, leptin and @entity6757 on male reproductive health. We also discuss the possible pharmacological relevance of these hormones to counteract the fertility problems that overweight and @entity28 @entity1 face.

title: Male fertility and XXXX : are ghrelin, leptin and glucagon-like peptide-1 pharmacologically relevant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The relationships between the production of lymphokines, cellular proliferation and antibody synthesis by immune @entity291 PBL in vitro was examined to identify the cellular reactions responsible for differences in the titres of serum antibodies in @entity291 from selected sire lines and MHC Class I phenotypes. Leucocytes from 22 @entity291 immunized with @entity12027 and DNP-BSA proliferated specifically in vitro in the presence of 1-10 micrograms/ml @entity12027 7-28 days after the second vaccination. Significant correlations between the production of @entity8621 , @entity12028 and maximum proliferation were observed for the total group. The quantity of specific antibody produced when PBL were incubated alone or with 10(-1)-10(-2) micrograms/ml @entity12027 was also correlated significantly with the maximum proliferation and the serum antibody titre between 7 and 14 days. Anti- @entity12027 IgG was also synthesized in MLRs where the quantity of antibody was significantly correlated with the magnitude of proliferation. The responses in vitro to @entity3213 -BSA were too low to provide meaningful comparisons. The results indicate that at intervals during the period of increasing serum titres, events in the bovine antibody response in vivo can be replicated in vitro. In addition, assays for proliferation, @entity8621 or gamma-IFN, or specific antibody can be used to assess the magnitude of the immune response in vivo in experimental groups of @entity291 . Significant sire line differences in the serological responses to @entity12027 were observed but DNP-BSA was a poorer antigen and differences in the responses to this antigen were not significant. However, the sire line differences in vivo were not reflected in vitro in proliferative and lymphokine assays; only the production of antibody in vitro was significantly correlated with the in vivo serum titre.

title: An analysis of cellular proliferation, and synthesis of lymphokines and specific antibody in vitro by leucocytes from immunized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'bovine', 'calves']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity4310 panels (HCPs), testing for multiple genes and syndromes, are rapidly transforming @entity5 risk assessment but are controversial and lack formal insurance coverage. We aimed to identify payers' perspectives on barriers to @entity10154 coverage and opportunities to address them. @entity5 risk assessment is highly relevant to the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), and payers' considerations could inform PMI's efforts. We describe our findings and discuss them in the context of PMI priorities. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 11 major US payers, covering >160 million lives. We used the framework approach of qualitative research to design, conduct, and analyze interviews, and used simple frequencies to further describe findings. Results: Barriers to @entity10154 coverage included poor fit with coverage frameworks (100%); insufficient evidence (100%); departure from pedigree/family history-based testing toward genetic screening (91%); lacking rigor in the @entity10154 hybrid research/clinical setting (82%); and @entity1 transparency and involvement concerns (82%). Addressing barriers requires refining @entity10154 -indicated populations (82%); developing evidence of actionability (82%) and pathogenicity/penetrance (64%); creating infrastructure and standards for informing and recontacting @entity1 (45%); separating research from clinical use in the hybrid clinical-research setting (44%); and adjusting coverage frameworks (18%). Conclusions: Leveraging opportunities suggested by payers to address @entity10154 coverage barriers is essential to ensure @entity1 ' access to evolving HCPs. Our findings inform 3 areas of the PMI: addressing insurance coverage to secure access to future PMI discoveries; incorporating payers' evidentiary requirements into PMI's research agenda; and leveraging payers' recommendations and experience to keep @entity1 informed and involved.

title: Payer Coverage for XXXX Panels: Barriers, Opportunities, and Implications for the Precision Medicine Initiative.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Comprehensive cancer']

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary cancer']

answer: @entity4310 :: (MESH:D009386,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Cancer']


abstract: Eighty-eight @entity1 with preexcitation were studied to determine how 30 @entity1 with documented spontaneous @entity955 differed from 58 @entity1 without this @entity943 . Inducible reentrant @entity591 was present in 23 (77 percent) of the 30 @entity1 with, versus 28 (48 percent) of the 58 @entity1 without, @entity955 (p less than 0.025). @entity299 was present in 13 (43 percent) of the 30 @entity1 with, versus 15 (26 percent) of the 58 @entity1 without, @entity955 (not significant). Inducible reentrant @entity591 or @entity299 , or both, were significant). Inducible reentrant @entity591 or @entity299 , or both, were present in 29 (97 percent) of the 30 @entity1 with, versus 34 (59 percent) of the 58 @entity1 without, @entity955 (p less than 0.0005). Of 51 @entity1 with inducible reentrant @entity591 , 23 @entity1 with @entity955 did not differ from 28 @entity1 without this @entity943 with respect to clinical features and @entity7129 , or anomalous pathway properties, or cycle length of induced reentrant @entity591 . Spontaneous degeneration of induced reentrant @entity591 to @entity955 was observed in 6 (26 percent) of 23 @entity1 with, versus none of 28 @entity1 without, @entity955 (p less than 0.025). In summary, @entity1 with preexcitation and documented spontaneous @entity955 almost always have inducible reentrant @entity591 or @entity299 , or both. It is likely that in many @entity1 with inducible reentrant @entity591 , spontaneously occurring reentrant @entity591 relates to induction of @entity955 . However, it is unclear why some @entity1 with inducible reentrant @entity591 have @entity955 and others do not. In many @entity1 with @entity299 , @entity955 could relate to hemodynamic changes.

title: Paroxysmal XXXX in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'paroxysmal atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['organic heart disease', 'heart disease', 'Heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity7129 :: ('MESH:D013616', 'Disease') :: ['atrial, sinus nodal']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Previous studies of the association of the @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) @entity14691 polymorphism with antidepressant efficacy are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Databases (Biomedical Literature Database, National Knowledge Infrastructure, Weipu, and WanFang) up to March 2013 for relevant studies (584 retrieved, 16 met inclusion criteria). We conducted six comparisons for both response and remission rates for three genotypes in Caucasians and Asians (4 weeks or   >= 6 weeks; selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs], @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors, or mixed antidepressants). RESULTS: Met carriers had a better response rate than @entity2596 / @entity2596 . In Asians, the Met carrier was positively associated with response rate (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 1.48; 1.02-2.14) in the SSRI group (1.81; 1.10-2.97) and with treatments >= 6 weeks. Met/ @entity2596 showed a positive association with the response rate versus homozygotes (1.60; 1.20-2.13) and for >= 6 weeks (mixed antidepressant, 1.36; 1.04-1.77; SSRI, 1.55; 1.11-2.17). There was a weak effect of Met/ @entity2596 versus @entity2596 / @entity2596 in response to SSRIs (mixed time, 2.07; 1.48-2.89;   >= 6 weeks, 2.25; 1.53-3.32). For remission, Met/ @entity2596 was better than the homozygotes (1.71; 1.09-2.68, Asians, SSRIs only). DISCUSSION: Our meta-analysis confirms the effects of the @entity2252 polymorphism on SSRI response in Asians. This effect may be dependent on ethnic origin because @entity2252 had a lesser influence on response in mixed race studies. Antidepressants were more effective in groups with a treatment duration >= 6 weeks. Thus, future investigators should carefully consider their outcome observation end point.

title: @entity2252 XXXX polymorphism association with antidepressant efficacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity14691 :: ('p|SUB|V|66|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Val66Met']

answer: @entity14691 :: (p|SUB|V|66|M,ProteinMutation) :: ['Val66Met']


abstract: When @entity694 in sufficient numbers were injected into the peritoneal cavity of @entity95 the animals died within a few hours. There was an incubation period of 1 to 1(1/2) hours which was followed by a set of symptoms that culminated in death. The peritoneum, however, showed only very slight changes. It was thought that the soluble toxic substance of @entity526 which was demonstrated by Aronovitch, Zinsser, and Branham may be an important lethal factor. Young cultures of @entity526 in broth were centrifugalized and after killing the remaining bacteria by heat the supernatant fluid was injected into the peritoneal cavity of @entity95 . There ensued the same set of symptoms terminating in death which were seen on the injection of the whole culture when the supernatant fluid alone was given. The potency of the toxic substance is variable. This variability is probably in part inherent in the material and in part depends upon the individual resistance of the animals. @entity95 were injected intravenously with the supernatant fluid of centrifugalized young cultures of @entity526 and an antiserum was elaborated against the soluble toxic substance of this organism. When this antiserum was given intravenously to @entity95 immediately or (1/2) hour after receiving intraperitoneally five times the usual lethal dose of @entity526 , ten out of twelve animals survived.

title: THE EFFECT OF ANTISERUM AGAINST THE SOLUBLE TOXIC SUBSTANCE OF @entity526 IN XXXX PERITONITIS.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon bacilli']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['BACILLUS COLI']