abstract: @entity11150 , @entity12799 , and @entity8869 are three important production organisms used in industrial fermentations. Several of the fungal secondary metabolites produced by selected strains of these three fungi are capable of eliciting @entity137 in animals. Among those toxic substances are the well-known mycotoxins @entity11695 and @entity26244 . However, many others, such as @entity18102 , may not be true mycotoxins. The production, extraction, chemical structure, and the @entity137 (expressed as LD(50)) of these substances are reviewed. Production of toxic secondary metabolites in A. @entity3456 , A. oryzae, and @entity8869 is strain-specific and environment-dependent. Considering all of the safety measures taken in the industrial production process, these three fungal species are safe to use. The recently revised JECFA specification for mycotoxins in food enzyme preparations is also discussed. The extent of mycotoxin tests in food enzyme preparations should be judged on a case-by-case basis, through a careful evaluation based on knowledge of taxonomy, biochemistry, and genetics. In many cases, the testing scope at the level of genus should be sufficient. In other cases, the scope can even be further narrowed based on scientific knowledge and assessment.

title: Production of toxic metabolites in @entity11150 , XXXX , and @entity8869 : justification of mycotoxin testing in food grade enzyme preparations derived from the three fungi.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity11695 :: ('MESH:C015392', 'Chemical') :: ['3-nitropropionic acid']

entities_list: @entity26244 :: ('MESH:C025589', 'Chemical') :: ['ochratoxin A']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger']

entities_list: @entity8869 :: ('51453', 'Species') :: ['Trichoderma reesei', 'T. reesei']

entities_list: @entity18102 :: ('MESH:C011890', 'Chemical') :: ['kojic acid']

entities_list: @entity12799 :: ('5062', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']

answer: @entity12799 :: (5062,Species) :: ['Aspergillus oryzae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most arteriovenous hemodialysis grafts fail  <=18 months after implantation, most commonly due to intimal @entity1373 at the venous anastomosis. This open prospective study compared balloon angioplasty vs @entity5648 stent placement in the treatment of @entity1211 after thrombectomy of prosthetic brachial-axillary accesses. METHODS: Between February 2007 and December 2010, 61 @entity1 with an initial @entity715 of a prosthetic brachial-axillary access were admitted to our hospital. Of these @entity1 , 28 (46%), treated before June 2008, underwent thrombectomy @entity1211 (group A), whereas the remaining 33 (54%) @entity1 , who were treated after July 2008, underwent graft thrombectomy plus angioplasty with self-expanding @entity5648 stent placement (group B). Primary, primary-assisted, and secondary patency rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared between the two groups with the log-rank test. RESULTS: Primary patency was 32% at 3 months, 24% at 6 months, and 14% at 12 months in group A, and the respective values were 85%, 63% and 49% in group B. Primary patency was significantly better in group B than in group A (P < .001; log-rank test). Cumulative median patency was 60 days in group A and 260 days in group B. @entity1 age, sex, comorbidities, graft material, and graft age did not have prognostic significance. Primary-assisted and secondary patency rates were significantly higher in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Graft thrombectomy plus angioplasty with self-expanding @entity5648 stent placement provides significantly higher patency rates compared with thrombectomy plus @entity1211 .

title: Balloon angioplasty vs XXXX stent placement in the treatment of venous anastomotic stenoses of hemodialysis grafts after surgical thrombectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['plain balloon angioplasty of the venous anastomosis', 'venous anastomotic stenosis', 'plus balloon angioplasty of the venous anastomosis']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the BMI of @entity1 living in rural areas and their dietary habits, taking into consideration the regularity and frequency of consumption as well as preferences in various groups of foodstuffs. The study included 60 @entity1 aged 23 - 69, living in one county. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to nutritional status (BMI): group I with normal body weight and group II with overweight and @entity28 . Dietary habits were evaluated by using the anonymous and voluntary questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions concerning dietary preferences. The results were statistically analyzed. The study indicated that a vast majority of overweight and @entity28 @entity1 in rural areas prefer fried dishes, red meat and animal fats. However they do not consume vegetables and fruit frequently enough. Such dietary habits will only increase problems with @entity28 in rural communities. Thus it is important to start nutrition education as a significant strategy for non-pharmacological treatment of @entity28 and its health effects.

title: Body mass index (BMI) and dietary preferences of XXXX living in rural areas.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity13135 are one class of antimicrobial agents used in aquaculture production. @entity13135 are often overused because they are inexpensive and readily available. Their presence at a concentration above the legal limits is a potential hazard to @entity1 health. Brazilian authorities have included in the National Regulatory Monitoring Program the control of the three most widely used @entity13135 in aquaculture production, i.e., @entity13781 , @entity13136 , and @entity2831 . An LC method with UV detection for the determination of residual @entity13135 in fish muscle, using @entity27009 as an internal standard has been developed and validated. The validation was performed according to the Brazilian Regulation 24/2009 (equivalent to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC). The method meets the Brazilian regulatory requirement that establishes criteria and procedures for determination of parameters such as decision limit ( @entity25881 ), detection capability (CCbeta), precision, and recovery. For fish muscle, @entity25881 was determined at 3.63, 2.91, and 7.46 microg/kg for @entity13781 , @entity13136 , and @entity2831 , respectively. CCbeta was 9.39, 14.54, and 9.39 microg/kg for @entity13781 , @entity13136 , and @entity2831 , respectively. For shrimp, @entity25881 was 11.5, 8.67, and 4.46 microg/kg for @entity13781 , @entity13136 , and @entity2831 , respectively. CCbeta was 18, 11.93, and 5.24 microg/kg for @entity13781 , @entity13136 , and @entity2831 , respectively. A complete statistical analysis was performed on the results obtained. The results indicate that the method is robust when subjected to day-to-day analytical variations.

title: Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-UV detection method for the determination of XXXX in fish muscle and shrimp according to European Union Decision 2002/657/EC.

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['Sulfonamides', 'sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity13781 :: ('MESH:C005312', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfathiazole']

entities_list: @entity2831 :: ('MESH:D013412', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfadimethoxine']

entities_list: @entity13136 :: ('MESH:D013418', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethazine']

entities_list: @entity27009 :: ('MESH:D013427', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfapyridine']

answer: @entity13135 :: (MESH:D013449,Chemical) :: ['sulfonamides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to conduct a systematic review of utility weight estimates relevant to economic models for wet age-related @entity1020 (wAMD). METHODS: A systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and EconLit was performed (January 1995-December 2010) and then updated (October 2010-May 2012; February 2012-July 2013) identifying articles reporting utilities in @entity1 with wAMD and @entity227 . Extracted studies were also assessed for compliance with the NICE reference case. RESULTS: Of 2415 articles identified from the searches, 212 articles were reviewed in full, and 17 selected for data extraction. Most studies used time trade-off (TTO) techniques to estimate utilities; other methods included standard gamble, EuroQoL Health Questionnaire 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D); Short-Form 6D Health Status Questionnaire (SF-6D); and Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3). Correlation between utility estimates and visual acuity (VA) differed between the instruments. Time trade-off methods were more sensitive to VA changes than standard gamble methods. HUI3 estimates were most highly correlated with VA changes, followed by TTO; no trend was observed between VA and EQ-5D or SF-6D utility weights. Six of the 17 studies complied with the NICE reference case. CONCLUSIONS: Several instruments have been used to elicit utilities from @entity1 with wAMD. Because TTO methods were more sensitive to VA changes than standard gamble and HUI3 estimates were most highly correlated with VA changes, TTO and HUI3 may be suitable methods for economic evaluations in these @entity1 . The EQ-5D and SF-6D were poor indicators of the impact of VA on HRQL.

title: A systematic literature review of utility weights in wet age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the tracheostomy tube-related additional work of @entity1353 (WOBadd) in @entity3124 @entity1 and to show its reduction by different ventilatory modes. DESIGN: Prospective, clinical study. SETTING: Medical ICU of a university teaching hospital. INTERVENTION: Standard tracheostomy due to prolonged @entity1576 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Ten tracheostomized, spontaneously @entity1353 @entity1 were investigated. As the tube resistance depends on gas flow, @entity1 were subdivided according to minute ventilation into a low ventilation group (= 10 l/min; n = 5) and a high ventilation group (> 10 l/min; n = 5). The WOBadd due to tube resistance and non-ideal ventilator properties was calculated on the basis of the tracheal pressure measured. Ventilatory modes investigated were: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), @entity551 ( @entity551 ) of 5, 10, and 15 cm @entity2507 above @entity9239 , and @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). In the low ventilation group, WOBadd during CPAP was 0.382+/-0.106 J/l. It was reduced to below 15% of that value by @entity1538 or @entity551 more than 5 cm @entity2507 . In the high ventilation group WOBadd during CPAP increased to 0.908+/-0.142 J/l. In this group, however, only @entity1538 was able to reduce WOBadd below 15% of the value observed in the CPAP mode. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that, depending on respiratory flow rate, (1) tracheostomy tubes can cause a considerable amount of WOBadd, and (2) @entity1538 , in contrast to @entity551 , is a suitable mode to compensate for WOBadd at any ventilatory effort of the @entity1 .

title: Additional inspiratory work of @entity1353 imposed by tracheostomy tubes and non-ideal ventilator properties in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['automatic tube compensation', 'ATC']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['IPS', 'inspiratory pressure support']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: A group of 145 workers exposed to @entity33380 ( @entity33381 ) was investigated. They were working in a plant which, since 1983, handled an @entity990 resin with @entity33381 as a hardener. Specific IgE antibodies (RAST) to a conjugate between @entity33381 and human serum albumin (HSA) were statistically significantly increased (P = 0.001; 26 subjects = 18% positive) in the exposed group, compared to a non-exposed control group (n = 33). One positive worker was only exposed for 2 months. Twenty-three exposed subjects were also skin-prick test positive to @entity33381 -HSA. The exposed group was divided into three different exposure categories, according to their contact with the @entity990 resin. The average exposure levels at the time of the investigation were, in zone I 0.085 mg/m3, in zone II 0.014 mg/m3, and in zone III 0.010 mg/m3, though the exposure probably had been higher earlier. There was an association between exposure intensity and RAST-positive @entity1 (P = 0.0025, chi-square trend test). Forty-four @entity1 (30%) were smokers, and 16 (11%) atopics. No association between sensitization and either atopy or smoking was found. There was an association between exposure intensity and specific IgG antibodies (P = 0.0003, chi-square trend test). Specific IgG4 antibodies were closely related to specific total IgG antibodies (P = 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that @entity33381 is a sensitizing agent at low levels of exposure.

title: Specific antibodies to XXXX in exposed workers.

entities_list: @entity33380 :: ('MESH:C088343', 'Chemical') :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']

answer: @entity33380 :: (MESH:C088343,Chemical) :: ['methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most subjects regain weight after @entity353 due to compensatory adaptations finalized to maintain stable body energy stores. @entity3641 ( @entity3641 ) preparations, which help maintain energy expenditure while dieting could be a useful strategy to facilitate weight maintenance. The usefulness of @entity3641 preparations in weight maintenance has been poorly studied so far with conflicting results. This study evaluated if a supplement of @entity23756 and @entity20391 helps @entity28 @entity1 to maintain the @entity353 obtained with a 3-month lifestyle intervention. METHODS: In a randomized placebo-controlled study, we examined whether a highly bioavailable @entity3641 extract may counteract weight regain after @entity353 . @entity28 @entity1 (age 50.1        10.1  years, Body Mass Index (BMI) 36.3        2.7  kg/m(2)) underwent a 3-month lifestyle intervention. At the end of the intervention, the @entity1 were randomized in two groups for the weight-maintenance phase: 20 of them were prescribed twice a day, for 3  months, with a formula containing 150  mg/dose of Greenselect Phytosome   and 15  mg/dose of pure @entity20391 ( @entity23756 group), and 20 were given placebo (P group). Anthropometric measures and body composition were measured before (V-3) and after lifestyle intervention (V0), 1 (V1), 2 (V2), and 3 (V3) months after prescribing supplements and 3  months following the discontinuation of supplements (V6). RESULTS: Lifestyle intervention induced a significant @entity353 in both groups with similar weight change (-6.2        2.6 in @entity23756 group vs. -4.8        3.1  % in P group). In the @entity23756 group, V1 in comparison to V0, had further reduction in weight and fat mass, which remained stable @entity9485 and V3 and increased at V6. In the P group, weight and fat mass increased from V2 onwards. Weight changes in @entity23756 group and P group from V0 to V3 were -1.0  kg (95  % CI -2.5 to +0.5) and   +   0.3  kg (95  % CI -0.9 to +1.6), respectively. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity353   >=    5  % was greater in the @entity23756 group than in the P group (75  % vs. 45  % @entity9485 , and 60  % vs. 30  % at V6, p   <   0.05 for both groups). CONCLUSIONS: Greenselect Phytosome   devoid of @entity5834 may have a clinical potential for the maintenance of weight after intentional @entity353 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02542449 (September 2015).

title: Effects of Greenselect Phytosome   on weight maintenance after @entity353 in @entity28 XXXX : a randomized placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Forty obese', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The treatment of @entity8924 aims at the restoration of orbital anatomy and prevention of posttraumatic sequels. The treatment of @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity131 may necessitate a postponement of @entity174 surgery to allow for brain recovery. However, such delay of @entity8924 may lead to inferior results. Fourteen pediatric @entity1 with @entity8924 were retrospectively reviewed. Eleven @entity1 (79%) had @entity1545 , with a mean Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8.6 at initial evaluation. @entity174 patterns were highly complex with many bilateral and multiple orbital wall fractures. Six @entity1 (43%) had @entity130 to the medial canthal tendon, as part of a naso-orbito-ethmoid @entity174 . Mean follow-up time was 4.7 years (range, 1.2-13.1 years). Eleven @entity1 (79%) had reconstructive surgery early (within 3 weeks), and 3 (29%) @entity1 had the surgery postponed. Four @entity1 had secondary surgeries for enophthalmos and medial canthal dislocation. Eighty-two percent of @entity1 with @entity1545 had a good overall neurologic outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 1 or 2). Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 had a good aesthetic outcome without any need for revisional surgery. @entity130 and late surgery both correlated with an inferior aesthetic result. In conclusion, good results with respect to mental outcome and aesthetics can be achieved in highly @entity8924 combined with @entity1545 . Delayed surgery and medial canthal @entity1796 predispose for posttraumatic sequels and secondary surgery.

title: @entity8924 combined with XXXX : treatment and follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Fracture', 'facial fractures']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['tendon injury']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['reconstruction in complex orbital fractures', 'complex orbital fractures', 'orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Medial canthal injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Understanding the characteristics of early and late survey responders has implications for recruitment efforts and for informing potential response bias. The main objective of this analysis was to examine survey responder status (ie, early vs late response) by sociodemographic characteristics and by salience of study variables among respondents. METHODS: We analyzed data from a survey on family @entity5 history and perceived @entity5 risk among @entity1 at a large managed health-care organization. For baseline and 12-month follow-up surveys, we defined early versus late responder status according to the 95th percentile of the number of days it took to obtain completed interviews. RESULTS: We found no significant associations between responder status and sociodemographic characteristics at baseline or follow-up. At baseline, early responders were significantly more likely than late responders to have a personal history of @entity0 (5.2% vs 3.4%, P = .04) and to have been referred for genetic counseling (4.6% vs 2.0%, P = .004). The association between personal history of @entity0 and responder status persisted at follow-up; only 3.5% of late responders at baseline were also late responders at follow-up. Follow-up survey nonresponse rates did not vary by baseline responder status. CONCLUSION: Survey topic salience is associated with early response and is important for recruitment. However, once recruited, late responders do not remain late responders at follow-up, suggesting that extra efforts made to recruit late responders are worthwhile. Health-related agencies that conduct surveys should consider survey salience in survey administration and recruitment strategies.

title: Recruiting XXXX for a study on perceived risk of @entity5 : influence of survey topic salience and early versus late response.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The effect of glucocorticoids on gonadal @entity134 and gonadotropic hormone concentrations and subsequent follicular activity in @entity291 undergoing normal estrous cycles was evaluated by administration of @entity619 ( @entity3784 ) during the middle of the luteal phase. Seven @entity291 were given physiologic saline solution twice daily from day 13 to day 17 of the estrous cycle (control experiment). During the next estrous cycle, @entity291 were administered @entity3784 (2 mg, IM) twice daily on days 13 through 17. Plasma specimens obtained twice daily throughout the control and @entity3784 -treatment cycles were assayed for @entity1420 and @entity53 concentrations. The appearance of estrus after @entity3784 treatment was delayed until days 23 to 25 in 3 @entity291 and was not seen by day 35 in the other 4 @entity291 , compared with mean (+/- SD) cycle length of 22.4 +/- 3.2 in @entity291 during the control experiment. @entity1420 concentration remained significantly (P less than 0.01) high on days 19 to 23, whereas @entity53 values failed to increase (P less than 0.05) on days 19 and 20 after treatment with @entity3784 . Blood samples were obtained at 15-minute intervals for 12 hours to compare (by analysis of covariance) the effect of @entity3784 treatment on plasma hormone concentrations on day 15 of each cycle with those of day 10. Compared with values during the control experiment, a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease was observed in the size of the pulses of luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 , although the number of pulses of each hormone per 12 hours was not affected when @entity291 were given @entity3784 . Baseline concentrations of LH and @entity53 were not altered by type of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma hormone concentrations after administration of @entity619 during the middle of the luteal phase in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) has been tested for tolerability and efficacy on a compassionate need case basis in 17 @entity1 (5 females, 12 males aged 4-72 years, median 35 years). @entity2841 was given at the rate of 3.5-32 micrograms/kg for 2-64 days as a continuous infusion for the following indications: impending rejection following bone marrow transplantation (5 @entity1 ), severe @entity1398 secondary to chemotherapy in @entity5 @entity1 (5), severe @entity2150 (3), immune @entity3028 (2) and @entity1445 with cytostatic agents (2 @entity1 ). Tolerance of @entity2841 was good in regard to doses of up to 16 micrograms/kg. Fever, @entity925 and @entity1712 were the most frequent side effects. The @entity1 treated with 32 micrograms/kg developed @entity715 of the vena cava. Efficacy is more difficult to assess in this heterogenous population, but 11 of 17 @entity1 showed increased granulocyte counts and 3 @entity1 clearly recovered from severe @entity1398 . The role of @entity2841 in this recovery, however, cannot be proven. The results further indicate that @entity2841 cannot reverse ongoing rejection following allogenic BMT and cannot correct immune @entity1398 . The value of @entity2841 therapy in @entity1 with severe @entity2150 and in the context of chemotherapy still needs to be defined. It is certainly indicated in @entity1 with an @entity1445 of chemotherapeutic agents.

title: [Emergency therapy with XXXX ( @entity2841 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['accidental overdose']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor']

answer: @entity2841 :: (1437,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: Two studies explore the relationship between @entity1021 and behavioral @entity308 . @entity146 was induced using inescapable footshock, and assessed by measuring subsequent responses to escapable @entity1457 , in @entity35 housed under different light-dark conditions. Experiment 1 compared escape performance in free-running and entrained animals following inescapable @entity1457 . Free-running and entrained animals did not exhibit differential vulnerability to the effects of inescapable @entity1457 . In addition, there were no systematic effects on phase following @entity1457 . However, several free-running animals showed increased circadian period following @entity1457 , and lengthening of period was significantly correlated with escape performance. Individual differences in baseline period or phase were not predictive of escape performance. In Experiment 2, "aftereffects" of entrainment to long or short light-dark cycles were utilized to create groups of animals with long or short free-running periods. After the administration of inescapable @entity1457 , escape performance was tested. There were no significant differences among experimental groups in escape performance. These results suggest that plasticity of circadian period, but not baseline period per se, may be associated with the ability to adapt to environmental challenges.

title: Circadian @entity1021 and behavioral XXXX : II. Effects of lighting schedules.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Behavioral depression']

entities_list: @entity1021 :: ('MESH:D020922', 'Disease') :: ['rhythmicity']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Intracellular pathogens have developed strategies to survive for extended periods inside their host cells. These include avoidance of host microbicidal effectors, often by sequestration in a protected subcompartment of the host cell. In some cases, the parasites exert also an antiapoptotic effect that prolongs the life of the infected host cell. Chlamydia utilizes both strategies, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Comparatively, little is known regarding the effects that Chlamydia exerts on the metabolism and distribution of the host cell lipids. The expression of fluorescently tagged C1 domains revealed that @entity2366 is greatly accumulated in the immediate vicinity of Chlamydia inclusion vacuoles. The concentrated @entity2366 recruits @entity4456 ( @entity4456 ), a proapoptotic effector, to the immediate vicinity of the vacuole. @entity4456 normally exerts its pro-apoptotic effects at the mitochondria and in the nucleus. We speculate that Chlamydia antagonizes the pro-apoptotic effect of @entity4456 by sequestering the enzyme on the inclusion vacuole away from its conventional target sites. Accordingly, we found that the ectopic expression of a catalytic fragment of @entity4456 that cannot be recruited by the vacuole, because it lacks a functional C1 domain, overcame the anti-apoptotic effect of the bacteria. The scavenging of pro-apoptotic factors may provide a novel mechanism whereby pathogens promote their own survival by extending the life of the host cells they infect.

title: Accumulation of XXXX in the Chlamydia inclusion vacuole: possible role in the inhibition of host cell apoptosis.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity4456 :: ('5580', 'Gene') :: ['protein kinase Cdelta', 'PKCdelta']

answer: @entity2366 :: (CHEBI:41847,Chemical) :: ['diacylglycerol']


abstract: @entity19415 is a rare, yet sight-threatening @entity281 . @entity5517 does not appear to induce protective immunity as repeated @entity281 occur in both @entity1 and experimental animals. However, we have recently demonstrated that activation of the common mucosal immune system by oral immunization with Acanthamoeba antigens protects both @entity3569 and @entity1707 against @entity5517 with A. castellanii. Protection correlates closely with the appearance of anti- Acanthamoeba antibodies in the tears. To test the hypothesis that oral immunization induces specific protective IgA antibodies, two monoclonal IgA antibodies specific for Acanthamoeba antigens were generated. Both antibodies detected epitopes on the surface of fixed Acanthamoeba trophozoites. When delivered intraperitoneally, one monoclonal antibody (14E4) was detected in stool and tear samples. This clone also protected naive animals against @entity2194 with Acanthamoeba trophozoites (43% infection rate compared to a 91% infection rate in animals receiving control IgA). In vitro functional studies showed that neither antibody induced encystment or directly killed Acanthamoeba trophozoites. However, both monoclonal anti- Acanthamoeba IgA antibodies produced a three-fold inhibition in the adherence of trophozoites to corneal epithelial cells in vitro. These data show that monoclonal anti- Acanthamoeba IgA antibodies can protect against @entity19415 and suggest that this occurs by inhibiting adhesion of the parasite to the corneal epithelium.

title: Monoclonal IgA antibodies protect against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular challenge']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection', 'Ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infections', 'corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamsters']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity19415 :: (MESH:D015823,Disease) :: ['Acanthamoeba keratitis']


abstract: In a double-blind randomized study, 92 @entity1 with culturally proven @entity4013 and/or @entity4013 were treated orally with either @entity8974 (Lamisil) (125 mg b.i.d.) or @entity3101 (500 mg b.i.d.) for up to 6 weeks. The two groups of @entity1 and distribution of the target lesions were similar, but the analysis of the clinical scores showed that the @entity8974 group had slightly higher mean scores at baseline (P = 0.186). At the end of therapy the proportion of @entity1 with negative microscopy and culture was 78% in the @entity8974 group and 83% in the @entity3101 -treated group. At the assessment 8 weeks after the end of therapy the percentages of @entity8974 - and @entity3101 -treated @entity1 with negative mycology were 93 and 95%, respectively. There were three relapses after mycological cure in the @entity3101 group (8%) and two in the @entity8974 group (4%). @entity3101 -treated @entity1 were treated for shorter periods than @entity8974 -treated @entity1 (i.e. 58% compared to 26% received only 2-4 weeks of therapy). In terms of overall effectiveness, there were no significant differences between the two treatments. Thirty-seven @entity8974 @entity1 (77%) compared to 36 @entity3101 @entity1 (82%) had overall effective therapy. Eight @entity8974 @entity1 (16%) compared to 10 @entity3101 @entity1 (20%) experienced at least one adverse event. Five @entity1 in the @entity8974 group and six in the @entity3101 group had to stop the treatment due to @entity10 or @entity344 . One @entity8974 @entity1 had an elevation of liver function tests after 6 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparative double-blind study of @entity8974 ( @entity8974 ) and @entity3101 in @entity4013 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin', 'Griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea cruris', 'tinea corporis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity4013 :: (MESH:D014005,Disease) :: ['tinea cruris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality rates in Osaka for @entity1167 after witnessed @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) or @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) have decreased dramatically. We sought to estimate the contribution of changes in out-of-hospital care to this decrease. METHODS: We applied a previously validated statistical model, IMPACT, to data obtained from the Utstein Osaka Project, which registers all cardiopulmonary arrests in Osaka. The outcome was @entity204 within the first month after the arrest. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by simulating an increase in the use of public access defibrillators (PADs). RESULTS: From 1999 through 2008, age- and sex-adjusted standardized 1-month mortality fell from 88.6% to 57.1%. There were 105 fewer @entity204 than expected in 2008 (295 @entity204 ). The IMPACT model explained 62.5% of the decrease (67 @entity204 ) in the 1-month mortality. The main contributors to the decrease in mortality were an increase in the use of biphasic waveform defibrillators, and a shortened time to first shock. These were partly offset by an increase in the administration of @entity1425 by emergency medical services personnel. According to the simulation, an increase in PAD use from 1.9% to 34.4% would reduce mortality from the observed 57.1% to 49.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Modeling suggests that improvement in out-of-hospital care accounted for approximately 60% of the decline in @entity204 following witnessed @entity1165 or @entity2224 arrests in Osaka between 1999 and 2008. Increased usage of PADs could further improve these outcomes.

title: Contribution of out-of-hospital factors to a reduction in XXXX mortality after witnessed @entity2224 or tachycardia.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Functional networks in resting-state fMRI are identified by characteristics of their intrinsic @entity4365 , more specifically in terms of their @entity7158 . With advanced aging and in clinical populations, this @entity7158 among functionally linked regions is known to decrease and become disrupted, which may be associated with observed cognitive and behavioral changes. Previous work from our group has revealed that oscillations within the slow-5 frequency range (0.01-0.027  Hz) are particularly susceptible to disruptions in aging and following a @entity64 . In this study, we characterized longitudinally the changes in the slow-5 oscillations in @entity64 @entity1 across two different time-points. We followed a group of @entity385 @entity1 (n  =  20) and another group of healthy older adults (n  =  14) over two visits separated by a minimum of three months (average of 9  months). For the @entity64 @entity1 , one visit occurred in their subacute window (10  days to 6  months after @entity64 onset), the other took place in their chronic window (>  6  months after @entity64 ). Using a mid-order group ICA method on 10-minutes eyes-closed resting-state fMRI data, we assessed the frequency distributions of a component's representative time-courses for differences in regards to slow-5 spectral power. First, our @entity64 @entity1 , in their subacute stage, exhibited @entity73 in comparison to their healthy counterparts. Second, over time in their chronic stage, those same @entity1 showed a recovery of those oscillations, reaching near equivalence to the healthy older adult group. Our results indicate the possibility of an eventual recovery of those @entity952 to a near-normal level, providing potentially a biomarker for @entity64 recovery of the cortical system. This finding opens new avenues in infra-slow oscillation research and could serve as a useful biomarker in future treatments aimed at recovery.

title: XXXX in a longitudinal study of @entity385 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronicity']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['lower amplitude slow-5 oscillations']

entities_list: @entity4365 :: ('MESH:C565121', 'Disease') :: ['low-frequency oscillations']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['initially disrupted network oscillations']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Recovery of slow-5 oscillations']


abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a new analytical technique for the study of the organoleptic compounds (flavour profile) of the Graciano @entity13788 wine variety. The cv. Graciano is a singular variety of red grapes with its origins in La Rioja and Navarra (northern Spain). This variety transfers an intense red colour, aroma and high acidity to musts and provides greater longevity and, consequently, a better capacity for ageing wine. A new dual-stir bar sorptive extraction approach coupled with thermal desorption (TD) and GC- @entity15 has been used to extract the volatile and semivolatile compounds. In this extraction step, the optimal values for the experimental variables were obtained through the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Full scan chromatogram data were evaluated with two deconvolution software tools, and the results were compared. The volatile and semivolatile components were identified with an @entity15 match >= 80%. As a result, the flavour metabolome of the Graciano @entity13788 wine variety was obtained, and 205 metabolites were identified using different databases. These metabolites were grouped into @entity14743 , acids, @entity4313 , @entity1568 compounds, @entity20617 , @entity18201 , @entity16623 , @entity3125 , @entity11572 , @entity6399 , @entity30397 , sulphur compounds, acetals and @entity30398 . The majority of the metabolites observed had already been reported in the literature; however, this work also identified new, previously unreported metabolites in red wines, which may be characteristic of the Graciano variety.

title: Characterisation of the flavour profile from Graciano XXXX wine variety by a novel dual stir bar sorptive extraction methodology coupled to thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenes']

entities_list: @entity4313 :: ('MESH:D000438', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohols']

entities_list: @entity13788 :: ('29760', 'Species') :: ['Vitis vinifera']

entities_list: @entity30397 :: ('MESH:D045792', 'Chemical') :: ['norisoprenoids']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

answer: @entity13788 :: (29760,Species) :: ['Vitis vinifera']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6342 requiring surgical stabilization remain a therapeutic challenge. High rates of treatment-related complications have been reported to be associated, particularly in elderly @entity1 with unstable @entity174 types and diminished bone quality. In recent years, angular stable implants have been introduced to improve the @entity1 ' outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiographic long-term results after angular stable plate fixation of @entity6342 at this Level I @entity130 center, with special emphasis on @entity174 healing, functional outcome and treatment related complications. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed functional and radiographic results of 42 @entity1 (average age: 57.8 years) after angular stable plate fixation of @entity6342 at an average time of 3.2 (+/-0.8) years after @entity130 . Functional results were defined by the Constant shoulder score (CS) and the individual Constant score (CSindiv). Radiographic results were assessed by a three-view @entity130 series (anteroposterior, lateral, and axillary view). For operative treatment, two different angular stable implants were used. Twenty-seven @entity1 were stabilized by a HOFER plate, fifteen @entity1 by a Locking Proximal Humerus Plate. RESULTS: Clinical results revealed an average CS of 74.0 points and an average individual CSindiv of 79.2% points. Fourteen @entity1 had an excellent functional outcome, eight @entity1 a good outcome and fourteen @entity1 had moderate functional results. Six @entity1 (14%) had a poor outcome with less than 55% on CSindiv. Regarding the radiographic outcome, we had an overall union rate of 95% (40 of 42). Failures of reduction and fixation occurred in fourteen @entity1 (33%), and in nine @entity1 (21%) we had signs of a humeral head @entity39 . Re-operation due to treatment-related complications was necessary in two @entity1 (5%). Statistical analysis revealed that the @entity174 type and the age of the @entity1 had a significant influence on the clinical outcome and on the incidence of treatment-related complications. CONCLUSION: With regards to @entity174 healing and functional outcome of the @entity1 , we had a satisfactory outcome after angular stable plate fixation of @entity6342 . However, we experienced a notably high rate of technical failures and partial humeral head @entity39 . @entity1442 and experiences are necessary to achieve correct anatomic reduction and implant fixation, to reduce the risk of these treatment-related complications.

title: Angular stable fixation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures', 'Proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced surgical skills']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']


abstract: AIMS: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity2314 ( @entity2314 ) in order to evaluate speckle tracking as a method for non-invasive determination of @entity296 . @entity296 is common in @entity296 and is associated with disease progression and severe prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 101 consecutive Fabry @entity1 (39.8    12.9 years; 42 males), the quantitative measurement of @entity296 with magnetic resonance imaging was compared with regional @entity296 assessed by speckle-tracking imaging. @entity1 were analysed in relation to per cent of @entity14782 ( @entity14782 )-positive areas of left-ventricular (LV) mass. Fifty-two @entity1 (51%) displayed @entity14782 with a mean volume of 1.2    1.8% of total LV mass. Predominantly basal lateral and posterior segments were affected. @entity1 with @entity14782 had lower global systolic longitudinal strain than those without ( @entity14782 -14.8    3.5% and -18.9    2.1%, respectively; P < 0.001). @entity85 , quantified by speckle tracking, was predominantly caused by basal posterior (P = 0.049) and lateral (P = 0.005) segments and global systolic strain correlated with the amount of @entity14782 (r = 0.543; P < 0.001). @entity1 with severe @entity14782 (>2%, n = 22) showed the lowest deformation values (-5.9    8.4%) in basal postero-lateral segments when compared with those with mild (<2%; n = 30, -7.1    7.5%) or no @entity14782 (n = 49, -16.3    3.3%). These changes were accompanied by thinning of the posterior wall and a decrease in diastolic function, whereas ejection fraction and LV end-diastolic diameter were not different. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the systolic strain of basal postero-lateral segments was the most powerful predictor to distinguish between @entity1 with and without @entity14782 (sensitivity = 90%; specificity = 97%, area under the curve = 0.913; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Late enhancement is associated with lower longitudinal strain in the fibrotic wall segments. Speckle tracking can be used as a tool for the indirect evaluation of @entity14782 in @entity2314 .

title: Two-dimensional speckle tracking as a non-invasive tool for identification of @entity296 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial fibrosis', 'Myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial deformation']

entities_list: @entity14782 :: ('MESH:C564835', 'Disease') :: ['late-enhancement', 'LE']

entities_list: @entity2314 :: ('MESH:D000795', 'Disease') :: ['Fabry disease', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of global deformation']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the incidence, prevention, and management of perioperative adverse events in @entity1 treated with GreenLight HPS laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy ( @entity12468 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A side-firing GreenLight HPS laser system was used to perform transurethral @entity12468 . American Urological Association Symptom Score, Quality of Life score, Sexual Health Inventory for Men score, serum @entity1486 (PSA), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual were assessed preoperatively and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks postsurgery. Preoperative and 3-month postsurgery volumetric prostate measurements with transrectal ultrasonography, operative times (laser and total), and energy usage were recorded. Serum PSA was obtained at the 12- and 52-week visit. Adverse events were recorded perioperatively and at each follow-up interval. RESULTS: Seventy consecutive @entity1 with a median age of 67 (45-87) years, median prostate volume of 61.6 (20.9-263.0) mL, and median PSA of 1.4 (0.1-10.1) ng/mL underwent GreenLight HPS laser @entity12468 from July 2006 through March 2008. All procedures were performed in an outpatient setting, with a mean laser time of 13 (3-34) minutes, mean total operative time of 30 (6-100) minutes, and mean energy usage of 85 (11-235) kJ. Perioperative complications included @entity954 (1.4%), postoperative clinically nonsignificant @entity811 (78.5%), @entity811 requiring clot evacuation (1.4%), urinary retention requiring recatheterization (2.8%), @entity293 (4.3%), and @entity1069 (1.4%). No @entity3832 , @entity1494 , or @entity322 were noted. CONCLUSIONS: GreenLight HPS laser @entity12468 appears to have a low incidence of perioperative adverse events.

title: Incidence, management, and prevention of perioperative complications of GreenLight HPS laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy: experience in the first 70 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck contracture']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A new formulation of @entity6303 , a semisynthetic oral progestin used in the hormonal treatment of @entity0 , allows the administration of 160 mg of the drug in a single daily dose. Sixty-nine postmenopausal @entity1 with advanced @entity0 have been treated with this regimen: five @entity1 received @entity6303 as first-line treatment of their metastatic disease, while all the others had been previously treated with one or more regimens of chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy. The median duration of the treatment for evaluable @entity1 was 3 months (range 1-13+). Among 65 evaluable @entity1 2 complete responses and 12 partial responses (objective response rate 21.5%; 95% confidence limits 12.31%-33.49%) were observed. Median duration of response was 7 months (range 2-12+). Responses were observed both in visceral and in non-visceral sites of disease. Twenty-nine @entity1 obtained a stabilization of disease (44.7%), and twenty-two progressed (33.8%). Median duration of stabilization was 4 months (range 3-13+). Median survival for all @entity1 from the start of @entity6303 was 9 months (range 1-22+). The most common side effect of therapy was @entity1017 , occurring in 36% of @entity1 . @entity6303 on a single-daily-dose schedule can be considered as an interesting hormonal treatment for advanced @entity0 , especially in the clinical instance of @entity1 who, after having obtained a remission or stabilization of disease with @entity440 , need further palliative treatment.

title: @entity6303 : phase II study of a single daily administration in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity6303 :: ('MESH:D019290', 'Chemical') :: ['Megestrol acetate', 'megestrol acetate']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The development of @entity4154 ( @entity19621 ) after lung transplantation is characterized by @entity32 , remodeling and @entity82 . Both @entity9086 and @entity1495 have shown to be involved in these processes. We measured serial @entity9086 and @entity1495 serum levels in lung transplant recipients and assessed their usefulness as biomarker for @entity19621 . Furthermore, we investigate the relationship between these two potential biomarkers of @entity19621 and @entity1917 . DESIGN: Ten @entity1 with @entity19621 ( @entity19621 (pos)) and 10 matched @entity1 without @entity19621 ( @entity19621 (neg)) were included. Serial serum samples were collected after lung transplantation and prior to @entity19621 . @entity9086 , @entity1495 and @entity1917 serum levels were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: The median concentrations of @entity9086 did not differ between @entity19621 (pos) and @entity19621 (neg) @entity1 (p > 0.05). The median concentration of @entity1495 in @entity19621 (pos) @entity1 was significantly higher than in @entity19621 (neg) @entity1 (p < 0.0001). For @entity1495 as possible risk factor for @entity19621 , a cut off value of 145 ng/ml has a sensitivity of 90% and a negative predictive value of 83%. Longitudinal analysis of @entity9086 and @entity1495 serum levels from the early post-transplant period onwards did not reveal a significant trend in time in both serum levels preceding @entity19621 . In @entity19621 (neg) @entity1 @entity1495 showed an inverse relationship with @entity1917 , that was absent in @entity19621 (pos) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: From the moment of transplantation onwards, @entity1 who eventually developed @entity19621 had significantly increased @entity1495 serum levels in comparison with @entity1 who did not develop @entity19621 . Therefore, increased @entity1495 serum levels might be useful as risk factor for @entity19621 .

title: @entity9086 and matrix metalloproteinases as potential biomarkers of XXXX and @entity82 in the development of @entity4154 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Recent studies have shown that the use of biomaterials and new biodegradable scaffolds for repair or regeneration of damaged tissues is of vital importance. Scaffolds used in tissue engineering should be biodegradable materials with three-dimensional structures which guide the growth and differentiation of the cells. They also tune physical, chemical and biological properties for efficient supplying of the cells to the selected tissues and have proper porosity along with minimal toxic effects. In this manner, the study of these characteristics is a giant stride towards scaffold design. In this study, Gelatin/ @entity19119 / @entity692 (GS-Hyd) scaffold was synthesized and its morphology, in vivo biodegradability, cytotoxic effects and ability for cell adhesion were investigated using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The cells were treated with different volumes of the scaffold suspension for evaluation of its cytotoxic effects. The MSCs were also seeded on scaffolds and cultured for 2  weeks to evaluate the ability of the scaffold in promoting of cell adhesion and growth. To check the biodegradability of the scaffold in vivo, scaffolds were placed in the @entity35 body for 21  days in three different positions of thigh muscle, testicle, and liver and they were analyzed by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and weight changes. According to the results of the viability of this study, no cytotoxic effects of GS-Hyd scaffold was found on the cells and MSCs could adhere on the scaffold with expanding their elongations and forming colonies. The rate of degradation as assessed by weight loss was significant within each group along with significant differences between different tissues at the same time point. @entity4653 micrographs also indicated the obvious morphological changes on the surface of the particles and diameter of the pores through different stages of implantation. The greatest amount of degradation happened to the scaffold particles implanted into the muscle, followed by testicle and liver, respectively.

title: Evaluating the biodegradability of Gelatin/ XXXX / @entity692 (GS-Hyd) complex in vivo and its ability for adhesion and proliferation of @entity35 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity19119 :: (MESH:D012833,Chemical) :: ['Siloxane']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are the most recent class of agents for the treatment of @entity101 . However, ARBs may cause a low incidence of @entity10 , @entity615 , muscle cramps, @entity1295 , @entity1296 , and many other side effects. In some cases, such @entity137 is associated with pharmacokinetic alterations. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system plays an important role in a lot of clinically important pharmacokinetic drug interactions. Specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes have been recently shown to be involved in the metabolism of several essential ARBs. @entity9886 is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 2C9 isoenzymes. @entity7056 is metabolized primarily by @entity5060 and to a lesser extent by @entity5322 . @entity917 , @entity1564 , and @entity6290 are metabolized by @entity5060 . @entity9884 , @entity9887 and @entity9885 are not metabolized by CYP system. Therefore, according to these pharmacokinetic findings, no dosage adjustment is recommended when @entity9884 , @entity9887 and @entity9885 are combined with other pharmacological agents in @entity1 with @entity101 . However, as indicated above, several of antihypertensive agents are metabolized by CYP enzymes, and physicians should be aware of coadministered drugs that may inhibit or induce these CYP enzymes. This review summarize the available data on cytochrome P450 - related drug-drug interactions reported in the literature for the eight ARBs. Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of the ARBs should allow the avoidance of the majority of drug interactions without compromising therapeutic benefits.

title: Drug Interactions with Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Role of XXXX Cytochromes P450.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['Valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['Irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity9884 :: ('MESH:C068373', 'Chemical') :: ['eprosartan', 'Eprosartan']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory infection, back pain']

entities_list: @entity6290 :: ('MESH:C521273', 'Chemical') :: ['azilsartan']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['telmisartan']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: The objective of this study is to investigate energy consumption during prosthetic walking and physical fitness in older @entity572 ( @entity572 ) subjects and to examine the ambulatory outcome in a community setting. The subjects were seven unilateral @entity572 amputees with an average age of 67.7 +/- 3.9 yr. Energy consumption was measured during prosthetic walking at each individual's @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ) by means of a portable telemetric system. An incremental exercise test was performed to evaluate fitness. The average @entity4464 for the subjects was 30.5 +/- 9.6 m/min. The average @entity26 consumption rate at each @entity4464 was 18.3 +/- 2.4 mL/kg/min, and the average @entity26 cost was 0.639 +/- 0.165 mL/kg/m. The maximum @entity26 uptake during exercise as a proportion of predicted maximum @entity26 uptake (%VO2max) for the subjects was 57.2 +/- 11.1. Five subjects continued prosthetic walking on return to their communities. Two subjects abandoned prosthetic walking. The %VO2max for the five who continued prosthetic walking after discharge ranged from 55.8 to 72.0. The subjects who abandoned prosthetic walking had lower %VO2max of 43.3 and 44.2. Energy consumption during prosthetic walking at @entity4464 seemed not to be excessive. Older @entity572 amputees in good physical condition were able to successfully walk with a prosthesis in a community setting. A lower level of fitness appears to make community walking prohibitive.

title: Energy consumption during prosthetic walking and physical fitness in older XXXX amputees.

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['comfortable walking speed', 'CWS']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['HD', 'hip disarticulation']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip disarticulation']


abstract: A pilot study was undertaken to address the tolerance and efficacy of levodopa/carbidopa treatment for @entity4457 in older amblyopic @entity1 who failed to respond to conventional occlusion therapy. Five amblyopic @entity1 , between the ages of 7 and 12 years, and two normal adults were given between 100 mg/25 mg and 400 mg/100 mg of levodopa/carbidopa, respectively, depending on body weight. A symptoms questionnaire was completed, with temperature, respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure taken periodically to assess tolerance. Blood samples were taken, via a heparin well, to assess the pharmacokinetics of levodopa, @entity935 , @entity1063 , and @entity4925 . Snellen visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, stereo acuity, and pattern VERs were measured periodically to assess efficacy. The results revealed a high prevalence of side effects including emesis and @entity390 (four of seven subjects). Pharmacokinetics revealed that maximum serum levels of levodopa occurred 30 minutes to 1 hour after drug ingestion and decreased by 50% after 2 to 4 hours. One hour after drug ingestion, Snellen visual acuity temporarily improved from an average of 20/159 to 20/83 in the amblyopic eyes. Contrast sensitivity and pattern VERs (10-minute checks) temporarily improved in both dominant and amblyopic eyes, whereas visual function remained stable in normal eyes. The improvements in visual function started to decrease 5 hours after drug ingestion. The results are discussed in the context of developing a therapeutic trial of levodopa/carbidopa for childhood @entity4457 .

title: Levodopa and childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a superior tarsectomy improves the ptosis corrective ability of the super maximum levator resection in cases of severe @entity1736 with poor levator function (less than 5 mm). DESIGN: Retrospective, consecutive case series. @entity1 : @entity1 who underwent super maximum levator resection with (8 eyelids) or without superior tarsectomy (10 eyelids) at one institution. METHODS: Chart review of @entity1 who underwent super maximum levator resection with or without superior tarsectomy. Data regarding eyelid position, surgical outcome, and @entity260 were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Margin reflex distance-1 (distance [mm] between corneal light reflex and upper eyelid margin), bilateral eyelid symmetry, and @entity260 . RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in ptosis correction was demonstrated when integrating the superior tarsectomy with the super maximum levator resection (P = 0.029). In addition, the superior tarsectomy significantly decreased the incidence of undercorrection (margin reflex distance-1 values less than 2.0 mm) compared with the super-maximum levator resection alone (12.5% vs. 70%; P = 0.023). Improved postoperative eyelid symmetry within 1.0 and 1.5 mm was demonstrated in cases treated by the superior tarsectomy. @entity260 were similar in both treatments. CONCLUSIONS: The super maximum levator resection combined with superior tarsectomy can correct severely ptotic eyelids with Berke levator function ranging from 3 to 4.5 mm.

title: Superior tarsectomy augments super-maximum levator resection in correction of severe XXXX with poor levator function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['blepharoptosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['blepharoptosis']


abstract: The mammary glands of euthyroid female C3H/HeN @entity19 undergo a series of morphological changes during development. In glands from immature animals, the epithelial component consists of a sparse ductal system with few branches which fills about one fourth of the fat pad. In the adult virgin gland, the epithelial component fills the fat pad with a highly branched ductal system and a few alveoli. In contrast, glands from adult animals maintained in a @entity1375 state by ingestion of @entity27758 since weaning retain the primitive ductal appearance while filling the fat pad. The glands from animals made hyperthroid by adding 2 micrograms T4/ml drinking water have extensive lobulo-alveolar development. Glands from animals made @entity1375 during 7 weeks of involution after lactation have the same degree of deveopment as the euthyroid controls. When explants of tissue from @entity1375 virgin animals are cultured in serum-free medium containing insulin, @entity701 , and PRL, the specific milk protein, alpha-lactalbumin, is induced. The level of alpha-lactalbumin, measured as @entity1132 synthetase activity, found per ng epithelial DNA is the same as that found in explants from glands of euthyroid virgins. These results suggest that thyroid hormones, in concert with PRL, play an important role in the regulation of development of the @entity19 mammary gland. Decreased levels of thyroid hormones in the serum result in @entity851 or no alveolar development. However, the resulting epithelial component of glands from @entity1375 @entity19 is fully capable of differentiating in vitro when exposed to the proper hormonal environment.

title: Lobulo-alveolar development of XXXX mammary glands is regulated by thyroid hormones.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroid', 'adult hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth of the ductal system and little']

entities_list: @entity27758 :: ('MESH:D013889', 'Chemical') :: ['thiouracil']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) @entity85 in @entity1 with @entity2723 are based on imbalanced forces acting in lower limbs during gait. Muscle imbalance results in bone @entity85 , simultaneously magnifying biomechanical disturbances. Goal. Analysis of knee joint velocity in @entity1 with @entity508 treated with use of single event multi level surgery (SEMLS). MATERIAL: 15 @entity1 (21 limbs), mean age--15 years (12-23) at operation, with @entity508 treated with use of SEMLS were included. In all ceases the distal derotational femoral osteotomy, combined with various additional operative correction were performed. @entity1 were divided into two groups depending on distal RF transfer as a single criteria. METHOD: @entity1 were examined with use of VICON 460 motion analysis system: before and 12 months after operative treatment. @entity6250 ROM, with changed parameters of coronal and sagittal plane moments, was subjected to detailed analysis, with assessment of influence of mentioned moments on knee joint absolute LV and AV during @entity465 ( @entity465 ), toe off (TO) and initial swing (IS). RESULTS: The statistically significant increase in knee joint LV in @entity465 , TO, IS, p < 0,001, before (mean: @entity465 --536.3 mm/s; TO--668.7 mm/s; 826.1 mm/s) and after (mean: @entity465 --828 mm/s; TO--1007.5 mm/s; 174.5 mm/s) treatment was observed and compared to normal healthy adults. The difference in knee joint AV was statistically significant in @entity465 p = 0.018 (mean: before: 82.2 deg/s; after: 81.2 deg/s) and IS p = 0.023 (mean: before: 53 deg/s; after: 20.2 deg/s). CONCLUSIONS: Joints moments improvement, as an outcome of operative treatment, resulted in increase of absolute LV and AV of knee joint towards values of healthy adults, consequently improving @entity2723 @entity1 gait.

title: [Assessment of absolute knee joint linear and angular velocity in @entity1 with spastic cerebral palsy after operative treatment of lever arm disfunction XXXX --prospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spastic dipegia', 'spastic CP']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Lever arm dysfunction', 'LAD']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['Lower limb joints']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['terminal stance', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities', 'axial deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['deformities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate the mortality of @entity3796 ( @entity3796 ) and the prevalence of @entity590 and possible neurological sequelae in affected @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional postal survey was conducted among parents of 100 @entity1 with @entity2321 who had been registered with the German-Swiss-Austrian @entity1 support group at any time point within the past 10 years. Detailed questionnaires referring to the first year of life were evaluated statistically. RESULTS: 63% of parents returned completed surveys, identifying 57% of @entity1 as @entity1 with @entity3796 and 20% as @entity1 with autosomal @entity3796 or @entity3796 of unknown origin. Of those two groups, 17 @entity1 had been placed in an incubator after birth, where body temperature recording proved to be of utmost importance. In 94% of all @entity3796 @entity1 , episodes of unexplained fever were observed during the first year of life. @entity3796 was associated with frequent airway infections. @entity410 occurred in 5.9% of @entity1 with @entity3796 and in 17% of the other @entity3796 @entity1 . @entity851 was reported for 15% and 25%, respectively. Prognosis depended on the type of @entity74 and the time point of diagnosis. Except for one all @entity1 survived infancy. Early recognition of the disease was aided by vigilant neonatal care and consulting a dermatologist or geneticist. Adequate instruction of the parents and networking with @entity1 support groups also reduced the risks associated with @entity3796 . CONCLUSIONS: Today, mortality of @entity3796 and the risk of hyperthermic @entity75 are still increased, but lower than reported previously.

title: Prevalence and prevention of severe complications of XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental retardation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3796 :: ('MESH:D053358', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked HED', 'hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia', 'HED']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect']

entities_list: @entity2321 :: ('MESH:D004476', 'Disease') :: ['ectodermal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

answer: @entity3796 :: (MESH:D053358,Disease) :: ['hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xpert @entity35162 (Xpert) is useful for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary @entity1906 in adults, but there is limited evidence on its usefulness in @entity1 . We aimed to investigate the accuracy of Xpert for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary @entity1906 in @entity1 with @entity85 . METHODS: The diagnostic accuracy of Xpert was compared with a reference standard of culture or histopathology in @entity1 hospitalized with suspected @entity3084 in Cape Town, South Africa from June 2013 to May 2015. RESULTS: 109 samples of 102 @entity1 (60 male; 58.8%) with a median age of 5.6 years (IQR 2.2 - 8.7) were included. There were 23 samples with confirmed @entity1906 by culture or histology (21.1%); histology was positive in all of these, while culture was positive in 14 samples (12.8%). Xpert was positive in 17 samples (15.6%), providing a sensitivity of 73.9% (95% CI 51.6-89.8) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 95.7 - 100). Xpert was positive at a mean of 0.8 days (0.46-1.4) compared with 21 days (19 - 30) for culture, p <0.001. Multidrug resistant @entity1906 was detected on culture in a single sample that was negative on Xpert testing. CONCLUSIONS: Xpert confirmed extrapulmonary @entity1906 of bone and joints more accurately and faster than culture and should be used as a first line test. Histology remains a useful test for @entity85 in @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of the Xpert @entity35162 Assay for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in XXXX with Musculoskeletal Infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3084 :: ('MESH:D014394', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarticular TB']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal TB', 'musculoskeletal infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new way of treatment for @entity14228 and instability. METHODS: 30 cases of elbow @entity130 were treated with mobile hinged Orthofix elbow fixator, 26 of them were followed up. There are 15 male @entity1 and 11 female @entity1 . The average age is 32.6 years old. The 26 injured elbows involved 12 cases on left side and 14 cases on right side; Sixteen cases on the dominant side and 10 cases on the non-dominant side. Sixteen cases had @entity14228 , 5 cases had acute @entity174 and @entity3029 , 3 of cases had @entity13916 's @entity174 , and 2 cases had neglected @entity3029 . RESULTS: The average follow up time was 6 months (3 - 12 month). The mean time of fixation with fixator was 8.5 weeks (6 - 11 weeks). The mean ROM of the 16 cases of @entity14228 was (37.5 +/- 0.8) degrees before operation, and (96.5 +/- 0.6) degrees operation, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The mean Mayo elbow score was (69.5 +/- 1.7) before operation, compared with (82.8 +/- 1.6) after operation, with a significant difference (< 0.05). For the other 10 cases (5 cases with acute @entity174 and @entity3029 , 3 cases with @entity13916 's @entity174 , 2 cases with neglected @entity3029 ), the average ROM of the @entity14228 was 95 degrees (65 degrees - 150 degrees ); The average range of flexion was 117 degrees; the average loss of extension was 22 degrees; the average pronation was 76 degrees (20 degrees - 90 degrees ), the average supination was 75 degrees (15 degrees - 90 degrees ). Nine of the cases achieved anatomic reduction and proved by X-ray. The mean Mayo elbow score was 84 (49 - 96). Three cases were rated excellent, 4 good, 2 fair and 1 poor. The rate of excellent and good was 70% (7/10). Nine cases had no @entity158 or mild @entity158 , and did not need analgesic. Eight cases returned to their former work, 5 of the cases had complications. CONCLUSIONS: The mobile hinged elbow external fixator have following advantages: (1) distraction of the articular space and enhance @entity174 healing; (2) allow early movement of the elbow during healing; (3) provide stable environment for the healing after arthrolysis and reconstruction. Mobile hinged elbow external fixator can achieve successful result in the treatment of @entity14228 or unstable @entity174 of elbow.

title: [Hinged external fixator in elbow XXXX management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture dislocation', 'fracture', 'radial head fracture']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion-extension', 'elbow stiffness']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation of the elbow']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate whether impaired flow mediated vasodilation precedes the clinical manifestations of @entity1468 and whether is associated with @entity32 . METHODS: We conducted a nested case-control study in a prospective cohort of 506 normotensive @entity1 recruited before the 30th week of gestation (mean gestational age of 21.8 weeks). At enrollment, flow-mediated dilation was measured in the brachial artery using a 7.5-MHz transducer. @entity1851 plasma concentrations and leukocyte count were also determined at study entry. @entity1 were followed until delivery, and medical records were reviewed for each @entity1 to confirm the presence or absence of @entity1468 or gestational @entity101 . RESULTS: Of the @entity1 studied, 14 developed @entity1468 , 18 developed gestational @entity101 , and 474 remained normotensive. Two normotensive pregnant control subjects were randomly selected for each case, matched by maternal age, gestational age, and body mass index at enrollment. @entity1 who subsequently developed @entity1468 had lower flow-mediated dilation (13.4% +/- 4.3% v 18.2% +/- 7.2, P = .026), higher @entity1851 plasma concentrations (8.7 +/- 5.5 mg/dL v 5.3 +/- 4.3 mg/dL, P = .022) and leukocyte count (10.3 +/- 2.0 x 10(9)/L v 9.1 +/- 2.0 x 10(9)/L, P = .036) at study entry. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased flow-mediated vasodilation and higher levels of CRP are present in early stages of gestation in @entity1 who subsequently develop @entity1468 . These alterations occur before the onset of clinical symptoms of PE. Further studies are needed to confirm that flow-mediated dilation and @entity1851 could be useful methods to screen @entity1 at risk of developing @entity1468 .

title: Raised XXXX and impaired flow-mediated vasodilation precede the development of @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1851 :: (1401,Gene) :: ['C-reactive protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1125 ( @entity1125 ) is rare in the West, but not uncommon in Asia and is a highly fatal @entity5 . @entity7 expression is related with poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity1125 . Therefore, we conducted a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity2240 as second-line treatment. METHODS: This was a prospective, single-arm, multicentre, multinational study. @entity1 with unresectable, metastatic @entity1125 who progressed after first-line chemotherapy were eligible. @entity2240 was administered at 37.5mg once daily continuously with 4-week cycle. The primary end point was the @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). RESULTS: Between May 2009 and October 2010, a total of 56 @entity1 were enrolled from three countries. The median age was 55 years (range 38-75) and male to female ratio was 37:19. Median @entity1054 was 1.7 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.4). The objective response rate was 8.9% (5 partial response) and disease control rate was 50.0%. (23 stable disease) Grade 3-4 @entity137 were observed in 46.4% of the @entity1 with @entity1398 and @entity882 being the most frequent (21.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study suggests that @entity2240 monotherapy demonstrated marginal efficacy in metastatic @entity1125 @entity1 although @entity137 should be concerned in Asian population.

title: A phase II study of XXXX as a second-line treatment in @entity1125 : a multicentre, multinational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['Biliary tract carcinoma', 'BTC']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a Portuguese-language version of the @entity25 scale (ESS) for use in Brazil. METHODS: The steps involved in creating the ESS in Brazilian Portuguese (ESS-BR) were as follows: translation; back-translation; comparison (by a committee) between the translation and the back-translation; and testing in bilingual individuals. The ESS-BR was applied to a group of @entity1 who were submitted to overnight polysomnography in order to identify @entity27 ( @entity27 ), @entity22 and primary snoring. A control group was composed of subjects with a history of normal sleep habits, without reported snoring. RESULTS: A total of 114 @entity1 and 21 controls were included. The 8-item scores of the ESS-BR had an overall reliability coefficient of 0.83. The study group was composed of 59 @entity1 with @entity27 , 34 @entity1 with primary snoring and 21 @entity1 with @entity22 . One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in ESS-BR scores among the four diagnostic groups (p < 0.001). Post-hoc tests between groups showed that the ESS-BR scores of the @entity1 with @entity22 did not differ from those of the controls (p > 0.05). The ESS-BR scores were significantly higher for @entity27 @entity1 and for primary snorers than for controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the scores for @entity27 @entity1 were significantly higher than were those for primary snorers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate that the ESS-BR is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of @entity25 , equivalent to its original version when applied to individuals who speak Brazilian Portuguese.

title: Portuguese-language version of the XXXX scale: validation for use in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAHS', 'obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['Epworth sleepiness']


abstract: @entity2104 (Hp), @entity310 , and neutrophils are parts of a highly interactive ensemble participating in inflammatory processes. Hp is taken up by neutrophils, stored within a cytoplasmic granular compartment, and is secreted during phagocytosis by those cells. In the present study, the effects of @entity310 on the release of Hp from @entity1 neutrophils were investigated. Incubation of neutrophils with @entity310 induced the release of Hp from cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner as revealed by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The release of Hp induced by @entity310 was not due to nonspecific lysis of the cells. @entity310 is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that mediates its effects by binding to two distinct receptors ( @entity14798 and @entity10733 ). Administration of @entity310 mutants binding specifically either to the @entity14798 or to the @entity10733 TNF receptors showed that there is a preference of @entity310 for the @entity14798 receptor in the mediation of Hp release by neutrophils. A stimulated release of Hp was also induced by the chemotactic tripeptide @entity5038 . The @entity310 -induced release of Hp from neutrophils was inhibited by @entity10912 , a @entity669 kinase inhibitor. These findings suggest that @entity310 may promptly increase the level of Hp at sites of @entity130 , leading to the modulation of the acute inflammatory response.

title: TNF-induced @entity2104 release from @entity1 neutrophils: pivotal role of the TNF XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity10912 :: ('MESH:C048212', 'Chemical') :: ['erbstatin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['infection or injury']

answer: @entity14798 :: (347376,Gene) :: ['p55']


abstract: About 5-10% of @entity5344 are hereditary and most of these result from germline mutations in the @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes. In @entity1 of Ashkenazi Jewish ascendance, up to 30% of @entity5344 may be attributable to mutations in these genes, where 3 founder mutations, @entity30069 ( @entity30070 ) and @entity30071 ( @entity26207 ) in @entity5345 and @entity30072 ( @entity30073 ) in @entity2674 , are commonly encountered. It has been suggested by some authors that screening for founder mutations should be undertaken in all Brazilian @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of three founder mutations, commonly identified in Ashkenazi individuals in a sample of non-Ashkenazi cancer-affected Brazilian @entity1 with clearly defined risk factors for @entity5344 . Among 137 unrelated Brazilian @entity1 from HBOC families, the BRCA1 @entity30071 mutation was identified in seven individuals (5%). This prevalence is similar to that encountered in non-Ashkenazi HBOC families in other populations. However, among @entity1 with @entity0 , the frequency of @entity30071 was significantly higher when compared to @entity1 with unilateral @entity0 (12.1% vs 1.2%, p = 0.023). The @entity5345 @entity30069 and @entity2674 @entity30072 mutations did not occur in this sample. We conclude that screening non-Ashkenazi @entity0 -affected @entity1 from the ethnically heterogeneous Brazilian populations for the @entity5345 @entity30069 and @entity2674 @entity30072 is not justified, and that screening for BRCA1c.5266dup should be considered in high risk @entity1 , given its prevalence as a single mutation. In high-risk @entity1 , a negative screening result should always be followed by comprehensive BRCA gene testing. The finding of a significantly higher frequency of @entity5345 @entity30071 in @entity1 with @entity0 , as well as existence of other as yet unidentified founder mutations in this population, should be further assessed in a larger well characterized high-risk cohort.

title: Prevalence of the @entity5345 founder mutation c.5266dupin Brazilian individuals at-risk for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome', 'breast and ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'bilateral breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome']


abstract: Gene transcription can be regulated by promoter competition when multiple promoters are available for a single enhancer. The converse, however, is largely undescribed. Here we report an occurrence of several enhancers competing for one promoter (enhancer interference) and propose its underlying mechanism. The promoter targeting sequence from the @entity4533 locus of the @entity238 bithorax complex overcomes the enhancer-blocking activity of insulators in transgenic embryos. It may facilitate the long-range enhancer-promoter communication in @entity4533 by bypassing insulator elements such as @entity18644 . In transgenic embryos, the anti-insulator activity allowed both an insulator-blocked enhancer and a nonblocked enhancer to contact the same promoter. We found that these two enhancers exhibited mutual inhibition or mutual exclusion in cells where both are transcriptionally active. This enhancer interference occurred at the level of enhancer-promoter communication. It occurred only between enhancers on opposite sides of an insulator and depended on enhancer activity. We hypothesize that enhancer interference limits the interaction of the @entity4533 promoter to the enhancer(s) from only one regulatory domain in a specific abdominal segment.

title: Promoter targeting sequence mediates enhancer interference in the XXXX embryo.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['Frontabdominal-7 and Frontabdominal-8']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study investigated similarities and differences in the perceptions of parents, adolescents, General Practitioners (GPs) and education professionals regarding childhood overweight and @entity28 . METHODS: The study used qualitative research methods in the form of focus groups and individual interviews with six target groups, comprising parents of preschool @entity1 , parents of primary and high school students, high school students, early childhood staff, school teachers and General Practitioners. @entity1 were recruited through early childhood centres, schools and Divisions of General Practice in four locations, including rural, low, medium and high socioeconomic areas in one state in Australia. Thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 26 focus groups and 17 individual interviews were conducted. There was a high degree of consistency between parents, young @entity1 and professional groups regarding awareness and understanding about @entity28 . Parents were uniformly acknowledged as playing a pivotal role, although their control and links with professionals diminish as @entity1 get older. Respondents perceived weight as associated with health, social issues and moral judgments. All groups acknowledged the emotion associated with weight and food; by comparison, discussions about physical activity were straightforward and unemotional. CONCLUSIONS: The shared social, cultural and psychological themes illustrate the complexity of @entity28 as a public health issue, and the need for interventions and communications to take account of perceptions if they are to be relevant and effective. However, the commonality of views also indicates the potential for health professionals, schools, childcare, parents and young @entity1 to collaborate on community initiatives.

title: The weight of opinion on XXXX : recognizing complexity and supporting collaborative action.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mindfulness-oriented therapies have a positive impact on @entity1 ' overall well-being and alleviate many @entity146 conditions. However, little is known about their use in @entity1 with severe @entity1032 . We aimed to identify which clinical and sociodemographic factors are associated with suitability/tolerability of a brief group mindfulness-oriented therapy. METHODS: This retrospective study examines pre-/post-data from 40 @entity146 inpatients who underwent one session of a 10-min mindfulness-oriented group intervention between January and March 2014. The main outcome was 'suitability for and tolerating the brief mindfulness-oriented group intervention'. We assessed potential correlates of the main outcome, including female gender, shorter hospitalisation, the absence of @entity716 and good pre-morbid functioning. RESULTS: The intervention was well tolerated (92.5%) and 50% of @entity1 met both of our relatively stringent suitability and tolerability criteria. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were not associated with suitability/tolerability. Tai chi was the most suitable/tolerable compared to body scan and mindful eating (76.5% vs. 35.7% vs. 22.2%, @entity16043 's exact p   =   0.01, Bonferroni p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Brief group mindfulness therapy interventions are very well tolerated and often suitable for acutely hospitalised @entity146 inpatients, including those with acute @entity716 . Mindfulness-oriented intervention with an active component (e.g., tai chi, mindful walking) may potentially be best suited for this population.

title: Tolerability and suitability of brief group mindfulness-oriented interventions in XXXX inpatients: a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: The distribution and clearance of @entity8712 ( @entity11493 = @entity8712 ) were studied in C57 @entity19 tissues and in transplants of @entity5 . The half life of the drug in blood after a dose of 1 mg/g i.p. was 3 h. Some tissues, such as liver, were found to have consistently low @entity11493 levels, and this was found to be due to degradation of the drug after removal of the tissues from the host. The in vivo @entity137 of @entity11493 to @entity5 cells was studied using an in-vitro colony assay. After half of the @entity5 had been irradiated with 10 Gy to kill most of the oxic cells, the @entity19 received i.p. injections of @entity11493 . To simulate the longer drug exposure of @entity1 @entity5 cells (due to the longer half life in @entity1 ) a repeated injection regime was used in some @entity19 . There was no significant cell kill after a single dose, but with a prolonged exposure to the drug in the multiply injected animals, cell survival was reduced to 50% of control in both the @entity5 . Since the @entity519 fraction of the unirradiated @entity5 is probably not more than 30%, it would appear that @entity11493 is not selectively cytotoxic to @entity519 cells. However, @entity11493 had a much greater cytotoxic effect upon @entity5 cells in vitro, with very little or no effect on cells grown in air. This would support the theory that the presence of @entity519 cells is essential for the expression of @entity11493 @entity137 .

title: Distribution and @entity5 @entity137 of the radiosensitizer @entity8712 ( XXXX ) in C57 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['irradiated and unirradiated tumours', 'Lewis lung tumour', 'hypoxic Lewis lung tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity8712 :: (MESH:D008920,Chemical) :: ['Ro-07-0582']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8999 reactivation plays the causative role in the development of @entity8999 -associated @entity8 (BKVAN). Because of the lack of effective therapy, early diagnosis of @entity8999 reactivation is paramount for the prevention of BKVAN. Resting in uroepithelial cells, @entity8999 is excreted first in urine before it can be detected in plasma. The present study analyzed predictive value of BK viruria for the development of BK @entity646 and its possible advantage for the early BKVAN prediction. METHODS: Total of 4128 urine and serum samples obtained from renal transplant @entity1 were analyzed for @entity8999 positivity by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 433 @entity1 in cross-sectional and in 233 @entity1 in longitudinal manner, respectively. The prospective longitudinal analysis included seven measurements during the first posttransplant year. RESULTS: A total of 7% and 19% @entity1 were positive for BKV in serum and urine, respectively. Sustained BK viruria showed sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 94% for BK @entity646 and was associated with significantly higher level of BK load than the @entity1 with transient viruria (P<0.01). Interestingly, BK @entity646 was preceded by BK viruria: the peak of viral load and number of positive @entity1 appeared during the third and fifth posttransplant month for urine and serum, respectively. BKVAN diagnosed in 21.4% of @entity1 with persistent BK viruria appeared 5 and 11 weeks after @entity8999 reactivation in serum and urine, respectively, was detected. CONCLUSION: Sustained BK viruria is a reliable marker allowing an early identification of @entity1 at high risk of BKVAN development and therefore assure precocious therapeutic interventions.

title: Sustained BK viruria as an early marker for the development of XXXX -associated @entity8 : analysis of 4128 urine and serum samples.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

answer: @entity8999 :: (10629,Species) :: ['BKV']