abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: An in vitro study showed that a lipid emulsion containing fish oil (FO) slows the growth of @entity694 cells and enhances their sensitivity to @entity1487 (FU). The aim was to confirm this finding and to compare such an emulsion with an alternative to lowered n-6 @entity844 exposure. METHODS: We determined the number of viable cells, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution of HT-29 cells after exposure to one of three lipid emulsions. Cell cycle distribution was also assessed after treatment with lipid emulsions and FU. RESULTS: The lipid emulsion containing FO induced a significant growth inhibitory effect without changing the percentage of apoptotic cells. Exposure to the other lipid emulsions had no effect on growth and decreased apoptosis. Each lipid emulsion potentiated the S phase-halting effect of 1 and 10microM FU. This effect also occurred at 0.1microM FU when the cells were exposed to the FO containing lipid emulsion. CONCLUSIONS: A lipid emulsion containing FO has a growth inhibitory effect on a @entity1 @entity694 cell line, an effect not due to the induction of apoptosis, and potentiated the S phase-halting effect of FU. Thus, an FO lipid emulsion may be of benefit in @entity14 .

title: The effect of three lipid emulsions differing in @entity844 composition on growth, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the HT-29 XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe clinicoradiologic and histopathologic features of @entity5850 and to determine whether @entity357 ( @entity357 ) is a potential predisposing factor for @entity5850 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical charts of 10 @entity1 who had @entity5850 between November 1, 2002, and January 31, 2008. Complete clinical data, radiologic studies (chest radiographs and computed tomographic scans), and histopathologic features were assessed to investigate clinical manifestations and predisposing factors related to @entity5850 . RESULTS: The series consisted of 6 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 , with a mean age of 63.5 years; 8 of the @entity1 were smokers. Cough and fever were the most common symptoms. Chest imaging showed mass-like consolidation in 4 @entity1 , bronchial thickening or lung atelectasis with @entity456 in 2 @entity1 each, and perihilar irregular mass or multiple bilateral nodules in 1 @entity1 each. Primary or @entity2 was suspected clinically in 8 of the 10 @entity1 . Foreign body-related endobronchial @entity5850 was diagnosed in 6 @entity1 , 5 of whom had @entity357 ; only 1 had gastroesophageal reflux-related symptoms. Because of @entity2488 , rigid bronchoscopy was performed in 3 @entity1 , lobectomy in 2, and atypical resection in 1. Antibiotic therapy with @entity115 was given to all @entity1 , with resolution of @entity5850 . CONCLUSION: @entity5850 is a rare condition that mimics @entity358 on clinical and radiologic grounds. Diagnosis relies on an accurate @entity1 history and histopathologic examination. Although further confirmation is required, esophageal @entity357 appears to be a potential predisposing factor.

title: @entity5850 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5850 :: ('MESH:D000196', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchopulmonary actinomycosis', 'bronchopulmonary actinomycosis', 'actinomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural thickening']

answer: @entity357 :: (MESH:D006551,Disease) :: ['hiatal hernia']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study to develop an @entity1797 organ culture model, using coccygeal @entity291 @entity1798 ( @entity1798 ) and injection of proteolytic enzymes @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop an in vitro model of enzyme-mediated @entity1797 to mimic the clinical outcome in @entity1 for investigation of therapeutic treatment options. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity291 @entity1798 are comparable with @entity1 @entity1798 in terms of cell composition and biomechanical behavior. Researchers injected papain and trypsin into them to create an @entity1797 model with a degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) area. They achieved macroscopic cavities as well as a loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, none of these enzymes are clinically relevant. METHODS: @entity291 @entity1798 were harvested maintaining the endplates. Active forms of @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 were injected at a dose of 10  g/mL each. @entity1391 -buffered saline was injected as a control. Discs were cultured for 8 days and loaded diurnally (days 1-4 with    0.4 MPa for 16 hr) and left under free swelling condition from days 4 to 8 to avoid expected artifacts because of dehydration of the NP. Outcome parameters included disc height, metabolic cell activity, DNA content, GAG content, total collagen content, relative gene expression, and histological investigation. RESULTS: The mean metabolic cell activity was significantly lower in the NP area of discs injected with @entity31034 than the day 0 control discs. Disc height was decreased after injection with @entity31035 and was significantly correlated with changes in GAG/DNA of the NP tissue. Total collagen content tended to be lower in groups injected with @entity31034 and @entity31033 . CONCLUSION: @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 provoked neither visible matrix degradation nor major shifts in gene expression. However, cell activity was significantly reduced and @entity31035 induced @entity393 height that positively correlated with changes in GAG/DNA content. The use of higher doses of these enzymes or a combination thereof may, therefore, be necessary to induce @entity1797 .

title: Assessment of the matrix degenerative effects of @entity31033 , @entity31034 , and @entity31035 , injected into a XXXX intervertebral disc organ culture model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphate']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of disc']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['intervertebral discs', 'IVDs']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure contemporary practice patterns and compare outcomes of open and endovascular repair for chronic @entity5327 (CMI). METHODS: The New York State Health Department Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database was queried for the ICD-9-CM codes for CMI for the years 2000 to 2006. In this time period, 6549 @entity1 were evaluated for CMI in New York State. Of these @entity1 , 666 received an intervention and underwent either open (n = 280) or endovascular (n = 347) repair; 39 @entity1 underwent both treatments and were excluded. Trends in operative management and short-term outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Over the 7-year study period, there was a steady increase in the number of endovascular procedures from 28% in 2000 to 75% in 2006. The overall mortality rate for the 7-year period was significantly lower for endovascular versus open repair (11.0% versus 20.4%, respectively; p = 0.0011). Endovascular repair was associated with a significantly lower rate of mesenteric @entity63 complications compared to open repair (6.92% versus 17.1%, respectively; p<0.0001). Moreover, compared with open surgery, endovascular repair resulted in significantly lower rates of cardiac, pulmonary, and infectious complications (p<0.05). Only 37% of @entity1 having open repair were discharged home compared to 55% of @entity1 treated with endovascular procedures (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: The number of @entity1 treated for CMI continues to increase and correlates with the increasing utilization of endovascular procedures. The @entity1 undergoing endovascular treatment had fewer complications, lower in-hospital mortality, and a greater likelihood of being discharged home.

title: Outcomes of endovascular and open treatment for chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The most accepted mechanism of @entity12417 is @entity158 from cervical structures innervated by the upper three cervical spinal nerves. The lateral atlantoaxial joint is not an uncommon cause of @entity12417 . In this retrospective study, we examined the effect of lateral atlantoaxial intra-articular @entity134 injection in managing 32 @entity1 with @entity12417 who have a clinical picture suggestive of @entity158 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The data were collected retrospectively by reviewing the @entity1 's medical records and @entity158 questionnaires. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: A total of 115 @entity1 with @entity12417 who were referred to our institute were identified. Of those @entity1 , 32 had a clinical picture suggestive of @entity158 and subsequently underwent a diagnostic/therapeutic intra-articular block. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 32 @entity1 (46.8%) had a postprocedure @entity158 score of 0 (95% CI = 17.5-72.1%). Twenty-six of the 32 @entity1 (81.2%) had a decrease in their postprocedure @entity158 score of 50% or more (95% CI = 62.4-97.6%). The mean preprocedure @entity158 score was 6.8 and postprocedure was 2.2 (Bonferroni-adjusted P < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months, the mean @entity158 scores were 1.9 (P < 0.001) and 3.6 (P < 0.008), respectively. However, at 6 months, the mean @entity158 score was 3.7, and this was not statistically significant (P = 0.208). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral atlantoaxial intra-articular corticosteroid injections may provide short-term @entity1337 for @entity1 with @entity158 originating from the lateral atlantoaxial joint.

title: The longitudinal effectiveness of lateral atlantoaxial intra-articular XXXX injection in the treatment of @entity12417 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity12417 :: ('MESH:D051298', 'Disease') :: ['cervicogenic headache']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['referred pain', 'pain', 'atlantoaxial joint pain']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: Similar to @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ), @entity29182 ( @entity29182 , @entity11182 ) has shown anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects against @entity1 @entity1778 and solid @entity5 cells. In order to assess the increase in efficacy, we evaluated the combinatory interaction of @entity11182 combined with @entity1311 , @entity1487 or @entity900 and studied its mechanism of action in the cell lines of @entity1 gastric, cervix and @entity135 . Two agents were combined at equitoxic ratios based on the IC50 of each drug. Efficacy improvement was evaluated using a combination index and isobologram at 50% inhibition level. Apoptosis induction and expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined and the effect on microtubule polymerization was monitored. @entity11182 combined with @entity1311 showed synergistic interaction in all three of gastric, cervix and @entity135 cell lines. On the other hand, @entity11182 when combined with @entity1487 or @entity900 showed an antagonistic interaction in head and neck or cervix @entity5 cell lines, respectively. Simultaneous treatment with @entity11182 with @entity1311 resulted in an increased percentage of apoptotic cells and a significant increase in @entity12982 cleavage and @entity522 activation in the gastric and cervix @entity5 cells compared to @entity11182 alone as well as the antagonistic groups ( @entity11182 with @entity1487 or @entity900 ). @entity11182 suppressed the tubulin polymerization in the presence and absence of @entity1311 in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting mitotic catastrophe as a potential mechanism of the synergism with @entity1311 . Overall, the present study suggests that @entity11182 may have a greater potential as an anti- @entity5 agent against @entity1 gastric, cervix and @entity135 , in combination with @entity1311 . The synergistic interaction with @entity1311 may be associated with increased apoptosis via inhibition of @entity1311 -induced tubulin polymerization. Further detailed studies of combinatory mechanisms and evaluation using in vivo models are warranted.

title: Synergistic interaction between tetra-arsenic oxide and XXXX in @entity1 @entity5 cells in vitro.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity29182 :: ('MESH:C495122', 'Chemical') :: ['tetra-arsenic oxide', 'As4O6']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the real-world use of combination insulin glargine/exenatide therapy for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and associated treatment persistence and glycemic control. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data were extracted from a national US insurance claims database for @entity1 with @entity6 for whom insulin glargine and exenatide were co-prescribed in differing order: insulin glargine added after exenatide (EXE+); exenatide added after insulin glargine ( @entity9984 +); glargine and exenatide initiated together ( @entity9984   +   EXE). @entity1 had continuous health plan coverage for 6 months pre- (baseline) and 1-year post-index (follow-up). RESULTS: A total of 453 @entity1 were eligible for analysis: 141 @entity1 were included in the EXE+   cohort, 281 in the @entity9984 +   cohort, and 31 in the @entity9984   +   EXE cohort. There were significant differences between the groups at baseline, including a significantly lower @entity3916 in the @entity9984 +   versus the EXE+   cohort (p   =   0.0023). Around one third of @entity1 stayed on both drugs up until the end of the follow-up period ( @entity9984 +: 30.2%; EXE+: 29.0%; @entity9984   +   EXE: 29.0%). However, more @entity1 stayed on insulin glargine than on exenatide in each cohort. Significant @entity3916 reductions were observed in each of the cohorts at follow-up: @entity9984 +: -0.4%; EXE+: -0.9%; @entity9984   +   EXE: -1.2%; p   <   0.01, and were significantly higher in the @entity9984   +   EXE and EXE+   cohorts than in the @entity9984 +   cohort (p   =   0.03 and p   =   0.002, respectively). The mean number of hypoglycemic events increased slightly from baseline but remained low in each of the cohorts ( @entity9984 +: 0.12 to 1.42; EXE+: 0.09 to 1.04; @entity9984   +   EXE: 0.23 to 1.87 per @entity1 , all p   >   0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy with insulin glargine and exenatide resulted in @entity3916 reductions in @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control without a significantly increased risk of @entity4053 irrespective of treatment order. Limitations of this study are the between-cohort differences at baseline, lack of a comparator group, and small n number, particularly in the @entity9984   +   EXE cohort.

title: Combination therapy with insulin glargine and exenatide: real-world outcomes in XXXX with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3916 is associated with @entity6 complications but does not reflect glycemic variability (GV), which may worsen outcomes by inducing @entity32 , oxidative stress, and @entity943 . We tested whether a @entity5445 agonist-based regimen can reduce GV and cardiometabolic risk markers while maintaining similar @entity3916 levels in @entity1 with insulin-requiring type 2 @entity6 and high cardiovascular risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: After run-in on @entity2449 and basal-bolus insulin (BBI), 102 @entity1 continued @entity2449 and basal insulin and were randomized to exenatide dosing before the two largest meals glucacon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist and insulin (GLIPULIN group) or continuation of rapid-acting insulin analogs (BBI group). Indices of GV by continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM), @entity4053 , weight, risk markers, and @entity943 were assessed. The primary end point was change in @entity413 coefficients of variation (CV) by CGM from baseline to 26 weeks. RESULTS: At randomization, the median @entity3916 was 7.3% (57 mmol/mol) for GLIPULIN and 7.4% (56.3 mmol/mol) for BBI, and @entity413 CVs were 30.3 for BBI and 31.9 for GLIPULIN. At 26 weeks, @entity3916 levels were similar (7.1% [54 mmol/mol] vs. 7.2% [55 mmol/mol]), whereas mean CV improved with GLIPULIN (-2.4 vs. 0.4, P = 0.047). Other GV indices followed similar nonsignificant patterns of improvement with GLIPULIN. There were no differences in hypoglycemic events during CGM or @entity943 during electrocardiographic monitoring. On-trial changes in body weight (-4.8 kg vs. +0.7 kg, P < 0.001), @entity3929 aminotransferase (P = 0.0002), and serum amyloid A (P = 0.023) favored GLIPULIN. CONCLUSIONS: GLIPULIN reduced GV, weight, and some cardiometabolic risk markers while maintaining equivalent @entity3916 levels versus BBI and might improve clinical outcomes in a larger trial.

title: XXXX Variability in a 26-Week Randomized Comparison of Mealtime Treatment With Rapid-Acting Insulin Versus GLP-1 Agonist in @entity1 With Type 2 @entity6 at High Cardiovascular Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pattern and severity of @entity260 after colectomy and total proctocolectomy with ileoanal pouch for @entity1 with @entity8787 with @entity1575 from @entity991 have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and long-term outcomes for @entity1 with @entity82 from @entity991 undergoing colectomy for @entity8787 . DESIGN: This is a retrospective study. SETTING: This study was conducted at Cleveland Clinic, a tertiary medical center. @entity1 : From 1989 to 2009, 23 @entity1 (22 @entity31 and 1 @entity30 ) who underwent colectomy were included. RESULTS: The mean duration of @entity991 before surgery was 6.8    4.9 years, and the mean duration of @entity8787 was 18    10.7 years. All @entity1 had @entity82 ; the mean Model for Endstage @entity409 score was 9.3    1.6, and most @entity1 were @entity1 Pugh class A or early B. Eight @entity1 were on the orthotopic liver transplantation list. Indications for colectomy were @entity1141 (n = 13), failure or complications of medical therapy (n = 7), @entity5 (n = 2), and colonic perforation at colonoscopy (n = 1). Nineteen @entity1 (82.6%) developed @entity260 including @entity548 (43.5%), ileus (17.4%), wound @entity281 (8.7%), worsening liver function (34.8%), @entity530 (13%), and @entity1150 (8.7%). Two @entity1 , both after total proctocolectomy/IPAA, died of @entity326 after @entity530 in the postoperative period. Two @entity1 underwent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt procedure before total proctocolectomy/IPAA; none developed @entity530 or mortality. There were no differences in mortality or morbidity between @entity1 who underwent an ileoanal pouch procedure or colectomy with ileostomy. CONCLUSIONS: Colectomy in @entity1 with @entity8787 complicated with cirrhotic @entity991 is associated with a high early postoperative morbidity rate. Due consideration needs to be given to strategies to reduce @entity530 , especially after ileoanal pouch, because this is associated with mortality.

title: Inflammatory bowel disease complicated by @entity991 and XXXX : is restorative proctocolectomy safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic abscess', 'pelvic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nighttime activity, a common occurrence in @entity1 with @entity303 , increases the risk for @entity130 and unattended home exits and impairs the sleep patterns of caregivers. Technology is needed that will alert caregivers of nighttime activity in @entity1 with @entity303 to help prevent @entity130 and unattended exits. METHODS: As part of a product development grant, a controlled pilot study was conducted to test the effectiveness of a new night monitoring system designed for informal caregivers to use in the home. Data from 53 subjects were collected at nine points in time during a 12-month period regarding @entity130 and unattended home exits that occurred while the caregiver slept. Nighttime activity frequently resulted in nursing home placement. RESULTS: The night monitoring system proved a reliable adjunct to assist caregivers in managing nighttime activity. A total of nine events ( @entity130 or unattended home exits) occurred during the study, with 6 events occurring in the control group. With intent-to-treat analysis, there was no difference between the groups. However, in a secondary analysis that was based on use of the intervention, experimental subjects were 85% less likely to sustain an event than control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: When nighttime activity occurred, it resulted in severe @entity130 sometimes associated with subsequent nursing home placement. The night monitoring system represents a new technology that caregivers can use to assist them in preventing nighttime @entity130 and unattended home exits in care recipients with @entity303 .

title: Reducing dangerous nighttime events in XXXX with @entity303 by using a nighttime monitoring system.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: We report a 62-year-old @entity1 @entity1 who slipped and hit the occipital portion of her skull and suffered an @entity6477 caused by @entity542 . She complained of @entity10 , @entity4048 , @entity391 , dizziness, and was transferred to our hospital. A skull roentgenogram and CT showed @entity174 and thin @entity510 , and a small amount of @entity6477 on the contra lateral side. Three hours after the accident, she complained of aggravating @entity4048 . A repeated CT showed @entity6477 at the cranio-vertebral junction extending to the C3 vertrebral body level. At the emergent operation, we found a dural laceration at the foramen magnum just beneath the @entity174 , and @entity6477 . After evacuation of the @entity1410 , the @entity1 recovered completely. Spinal acute subdural @entity1410 after @entity542 are relatively rare. In this case, the migration of the extradural @entity1410 through the dural laceration at the cranio-vertebral junction was supposed to be responsible for the @entity6234 . It is crucial that a cervical CT be taken to rule out the possibility of @entity1410 for @entity1 with @entity542 complaining of @entity4048 .

title: [Subdural XXXX at the cranio-vertebral junction following head trauma: a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['occipital bone fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6234 :: ('MESH:D046649', 'Disease') :: ['spinal subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas', 'spinal hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity6477 :: ('MESH:D020199', 'Disease') :: ['acute subdural hematoma', 'acute spinal subdural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: Labelled @entity251 - and @entity53 -binding molecules have been found in the cytosol and nuclei of lizard testes. DNA-cellulose affinity chromatography was used to separate putative sex- @entity134 -binding receptors (adhering molecules) and nonreceptor components (nonadhering molecules). A putative @entity342 receptor (Kd: 10(-10) mol l-1; 3-9 fmol g-1 tissue) was found mainly in the nuclei of testicular cells when actively undergoing spermatogenesis. This suggests that, as in higher vertebrates, @entity251 is implicated in spermatogenetic step regulation (meiosis and spermiogenesis) in lizard testis. In the cytosol, @entity251 -binding molecules (Kd: 10(-9) mol l-1; 384-784 fmol g-1 tissue) with several properties of @entity342 -binding proteins are present from autumn to spring. The behaviour of these molecules is consistent with the role assigned to @entity342 -binding proteins as @entity342 reservoir. A putative @entity2931 receptor is present throughout the sexual cycle, except during the culmination phase (breeding). The putative @entity2931 receptor may be involved in the regulation of the first spermatogenetic step (spermatogonia multiplication) and in the induction of post-reproductive refractoriness. This phase is present in temperate-zone lizards. These studies show that the evaluation of sex- @entity134 -binding molecules is useful in considering the relationships between sex hormones and spermatogenetic activity in the testes of lizards.

title: Putative XXXX -binding receptors and nonreceptor components and testicular activity in the lizard Podarcis sicula sicula.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the endothelial cell damage by detecting the circulating @entity26081 mRNA level in a @entity35 model of @entity295 . METHODS: The model of @entity295 was established by @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) in 90 @entity35 which were divided into 6 groups: normal, sham, @entity1588 -3 h, @entity1588 -6 h, @entity1588 -12 h and @entity1588 -24 h. Serum biochemical markers were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer. Serum @entity568 was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The vascular permeability of liver, kidney, lung and heart was detected with Evans blue. Circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were separated using density gradient separation and counted. Total RNA of whole blood were extracted and the mRNA levels of two endothelial specific genes, @entity26081 and @entity12186 ( @entity12186 ), were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS: The level of serum biochemical indexes increased after @entity1588 . The amount of serum @entity568 in @entity1588 -6 h, 12 h, and 24 h group was increased 6.5-fold (P <0.05), 8.4-fold (P < 0.01), and 13.3-fold (P < 0.001) compared with normal group (170.68 pg/ml    42.46 pg/ml) respectively (F = 14.319, P < 0.001). Significantly increased organ vasopermeability of liver, kidney, lung and heart was observed after @entity1588 respectively. The number of CEC peaked (11.83    1.94) 3 hours after @entity1588 compared with normal control (5.33    1.21, P < 0.05), and then decreased gradually (F = 54.183, P < 0.001). The mRNA level of @entity26081 in @entity1588 -3 h group (3.47    1.47) was also markedly higher than that in other groups (F = 10.640, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Using quantitative real-time PCR to measure the level of @entity26081 mRNA in peripheral blood is a simple and relatively sensitive method to evaluate the damage of endothelial cells.

title: @entity26081 mRNA in peripheral blood: a new marker to assess damage of endothelial cells in a XXXX model of @entity295 .

entities_list: @entity12186 :: ('25589(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2', 'VEGFR2']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We previously reported that increased apoptosis participates in the regression of aortic @entity1184 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 . To further document the potential role of apoptosis in cardiovascular therapy, we examined apoptosis during regression of @entity1184 in the heart of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 receiving the antihypertensive drug @entity4688 (30 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), @entity9886 (30 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), @entity594 (35 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), @entity2514 (40 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), @entity1169 (50 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)), or @entity918 (75 mg. kg(-1). d(-1)) for 1 to 4 weeks, starting at 10 to 11 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail-cuff method. Markers of apoptosis included oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in extracted cardiac DNA or in situ in ventricular cross sections labeled with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Cardiac DNA synthesis was evaluated by @entity665 incorporation in vivo. All drugs reduced cardiac workload, defined as the product of blood pressure and heart rate, by >20% at 4 weeks. However, only @entity594 , @entity4688 , @entity9886 , and @entity1169 reduced cardiac mass (>19%) within 4 weeks. @entity2357 of @entity1283 was accompanied by a 50% to 300% increase in DNA fragmentation and a >20% reduction in DNA synthesis, resulting in a >20% reduction in cardiac DNA content after 4 weeks. Apoptosis induction occurred early and was transient within 4 weeks of @entity594 , @entity4688 , or @entity9886 administration. With all regression-inducing drugs, the increase in DNA fragmentation occurred mainly in the subepicardium. Thus, transient induction of apoptosis in the subepicardium appears to be a characteristic feature of the early response to drug-induced regression of @entity1283 in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

title: Apoptosis during regression of @entity1283 in spontaneously @entity101 XXXX . Temporal regulation and spatial heterogeneity.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Regression']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and tolerability of a @entity479 -eluting middle ear device on an animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental. SETTING: Experimental animal study. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: @entity10438 (MF)-eluting miniature sticks were implanted through a myringotomy incision into the middle ear of 10 @entity840 . Two additional ears of 2 animals served as controls. Fourteen days after implantation, perilymphatic fluid was collected through an endaural cochleostomy. MF concentrations were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography, and the @entity2172 was graded with @entity1710 and @entity1711 colorations. RESULTS: Fourteen days after implantation, all tympanic membranes had fully healed. An average of 165 ng/mL of MF was detected in the perilymphatic fluid of the experimental ears, and none was measured in control ears. Microscopic residues of the ministicks were found in 90% of the samples, confirming the bioabsorbable properties of this device. Histologic analysis of the middle ear mucosa found similar inflammation profiles in both groups, thereby suggesting @entity2172 . CONCLUSION: MF-coated bioabsorbable miniature stick allows for prolonged delivery over 14 days without injuring the middle ear mucosa. Middle ear-sustained @entity479 delivery may prove to be beneficial in numerous neurotologic conditions.

title: Sustained Inner Ear XXXX Delivery via Bioabsorbable Stent: A Tolerability and Feasibility Study on @entity840 .

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosal inflammation', 'middle ear tolerability']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity10438 :: ('MESH:C053915', 'Chemical') :: ['Mometasone furoate']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: Our objective was to investigate the functional role of @entity1007 -associated @entity296 in early @entity731 using the antiangiogenic @entity2816 . Experimental @entity731 is characterized by @entity296 , associated with a decrease in myocardial perfusion response to challenge, @entity301 , and high oxidative stress. However, the functional significance of these neovessels is not known. Three groups of @entity1707 (n = 6 each) were studied after 12 wk of normal or hypercholesterolemic diet without (HC) or with @entity2816 (HC + Thal). Myocardial perfusion and permeability were assessed at baseline and in response to cardiac challenge, using electron beam computed tomography, and coronary endothelial function was assessed using organ chambers. Myocardial samples were scanned ex vivo with a three-dimensional microscopic computed tomography scanner, and the spatial density of the myocardial microvessels was quantified. Growth factors and oxidative stress were measured in the myocardial tissue. As a results of these procedures, myocardial perfusion response to @entity859 and @entity452 was blunted in both HC and HC + Thal @entity1707 compared with normal @entity1707 (P < 0.05, HC and HC + Thal vs. normal) as was the coronary endothelial function. Myocardial permeability response to @entity859 was @entity101 and HC + Thal @entity1707 compared with normal @entity1707 (P < 0.05, HC and HC + Thal vs. normal, and HC + Thal vs. HC). The microvascular density was increased in HC @entity1707 compared with normal @entity1707 but normalized in HC + Thal @entity1707 (P < 0.001 HC vs. normal and HC + Thal). HC + Thal @entity1707 showed decreased expression of @entity32888 and basic FGF but increased expression of @entity17980 compared with normal and HC @entity1707 . Oxidative stress was @entity101 and HC + Thal @entity1707 compared with normal @entity1707 . In conclusion, chronic administration of @entity2816 attenuates @entity296 in experimental HC @entity1707 without affecting myocardial perfusion response to stimulation. This suggests that the @entity296 may not contribute to the attenuated myocardial perfusion response in @entity1007 .

title: Impaired myocardial perfusion reserve in experimental @entity1007 is independent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased in both HC']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial neovascularization']


abstract: The purpose of the investigation was to study whether @entity5161 and @entity2614 might be used for pharmacological myocardial preconditioning (PMP) in @entity1 with @entity301 during myocardial revascularization on the working (Part I) and arrested (Part II) heart and to develop a possible procedure for PMP. Part I deals with the study of the effect of PMP with @entity10021 -containing anesthetics during myocardial revascularization on the working heart. The study included 66 @entity1 who were divided into 4 groups; 1) @entity2614 feeding was started just after anesthesia induction and it lasted until some coronary arteries were ligated; 2) @entity2614 was fed for 15 min; 3) @entity5161 was used; 4) controls. The markers of @entity296 (troponin T, I) were measured and the incidence of perioperative @entity741 and needs for inotropic support were also analyzed. Part II was dedicated to the study of the effect of PMP during myocardial revascularization under extracorporeal circulation (EC). The study covered 65 @entity1 who were divided into 4 groups; 1) @entity2614 was administered throughout the anesthesia until the aorta was ligated; 2) it was used for 15 min before aortic ligation; 3) @entity2614 was employed only to induce anesthesia; 4) controls. The variables similar to those in Part I of the investigation were chosen to assess the results of this study. The use of @entity2614 and @entity5161 reduces a risk for @entity741 lesion during myocardial revascularization both under EC and on the working heart. Short-term (15-min) use of an agent before @entity741 suffices for PMP to develop its effect. The effect of @entity25982 has its duration that is 76 min, as shown by our findings.

title: [Method of pharmacological myocardial preconditioning with @entity10021 -containing anesthetics in cardiosurgical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial lesion']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemic', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the character of spino-pelvic sagittal alignment in @entity1 with high-grade L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis, and to analyze the sagittal alignment alteration after operation. METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2014, 25 @entity1 with high-grade L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis underwent posterior surgery, and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed as study group. There were 14 males and 11 females with a mean age of 42.5 years (range, 20-65 years). The mean disease duration was 6 months (range, 3-12 months). According to the Meyerding evaluating system, 15 cases were rated as degree III, and 10 cases as degree IV. Eighty healthy adult volunteers were recruited simultaneously as control group. The lumbar sacral angle (LSA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), @entity10145 ( @entity10145 ), @entity1515 ( @entity1515 ), @entity1513 ( @entity1513 ), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) were measured on preoperative and last follow-up standing full length lateral X- @entity16039 films. And these parameters were compared between study group (preoperative parameters) and control group. Then the @entity1 in study group were divided into 2 subgroups according to Hresko's method: the balanced pelvis subgroup (n = 14) and unbalanced pelvis subgroup (n = 11). The sagittal parameters were compared between 2 subgroups, and the alteration of sagittal parameters before surgery and at last follow-up was analyzed in each subgroup respectively. RESULTS: All @entity1 in study group were followed up 18 months on average (range, 6-48 months). After surgery, spondylolisthesis was reduced from degree III to degree 0 in 12 cases and to degree I in 3 cases, and from degree IV to degree 0 in 6 cases and to degree I in 4 cases. Bone fusion was obtained in all @entity1 at last follow-up. The preoperative PI, @entity10145 , PT, and SVA of study group were significantly greater than those of control group (P < 0.05), while the @entity1513 was significantly smaller than that of control group (P < 0.05). In the balanced pelvis subgroup, LSA, @entity1515 , and SVA at last follow-up significantly decreased while @entity1513 significantly increased when compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). In the unbalanced pelvis subgroup, LSA, PT, and SVA at last follow-up significantly decreased while @entity10145 , @entity1515 , and @entity1513 significantly increased when compared with preoperative ones (P < 0.05). The preoperative LSA and PT in the unbalanced pelvis subgroup were significantly greater, while @entity10145 , @entity1515 , and @entity1513 were significantly smaller than those of balanced pelvis subgroup (P < 0.05); while at last follow-up, significant differentce was found only in LSA between 2 subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The LSA should be paid more attention in surgery to assure recovery of the sagittal balance because @entity1 with high-grade L5 isthmic spondylolisthesis have greater PI, abnormal @entity1513 , and sagittal imbalance.

title: [SPINO-PELVIC SAGITTAL ALIGNMENT IN XXXX WITH HIGH-GRADE L5 ISTHMIC SPONDYLOLISTHESIS].

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral kyphosis', 'TK', 'thoracic kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar lordosis', 'LL']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'sacral slope']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Retaining clients in residential @entity285 @entity734 ( @entity734 ) treatment is @entity73 has been identified as a significant predictor of treatment dropout. The application of extensive screening for @entity73 is cost-prohibitive for most @entity734 treatment services. The current study aimed to explore cognitive functioning and impairment-associated factors in a typical sample of residential @entity734 clients using a free brief screening tool that could be utilised by front-line @entity734 services. METHODS: Residents of an @entity734 therapeutic community (n=128) and a non-substance using control group (n=37) were administered a brief cognitive screening measure, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA total and domain scores were compared between these groups and within the @entity734 group examined in association with primary substance of misuse, severity of @entity734 , gender, @entity458 , and history of @entity542 . RESULTS: Almost half (43.8%) of the @entity734 sample were identified as cognitively impaired, compared to 16.2% of the control group. Furthermore, 67.2% of the @entity734 sample had sustained @entity542 and 50% of the sample required hospitalization for @entity542 . History of @entity542 was a significant @entity73 , and associated with greater levels of @entity458 . CONCLUSIONS: There are high rates of inter-related @entity73 , @entity542 , and @entity458 among clients in residential @entity734 treatment. Routine screening of clients at intake for @entity73 by means of a brief screening measure such as the MoCA, in combination with the assessment of history of @entity542 and comorbid @entity74 , could inform treatment modifications or adjunct interventions to increase retention and improve long-term outcomes.

title: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is Sensitive to @entity542 and XXXX in a Residential @entity285 and Other Drug Therapeutic Community.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'difficult and cognitive impairment', 'determinant of cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['and other drug', 'dependence', 'AOD']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: Infection is the main treatment-related cause of mortality in @entity5 @entity1 . Rapid and accurate diagnosis to facilitate specific therapy of @entity1398 is therefore urgently warranted. Here, we evaluated a commercial PCR-based kit to detect the DNA of 20 different pathogens (SeptiFast) in the setting of @entity1398 after chemotherapy. Seven hundred eighty-four serum samples of 119 febrile neutropenic episodes (FNEs) in 70 @entity1 with @entity1583 were analyzed and compared with clinical, microbiological, and biochemical findings. In the antibiotic-na  ve setting, @entity2259 was diagnosed in 34 FNEs and 11 of them yielded the same result in the PCR. Seventy-three FNEs were negative in both systems, leading to an overall agreement in 84 of 119 FNEs (71%). During antibiotic therapy, positivity in blood culture occurred only in 3% of cases, but the PCR yielded a positive result in 15% of cases. In six cases the PCR during antibiotic treatment detected a new pathogen repetitively; this was accompanied by a significant rise in procalcitonin levels, suggestive of a true detection of infection. All @entity1 with probable invasive @entity364 (IFI; n = 3) according to the standards of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 had a positive PCR result for @entity54 ; in contrast there was only one positive result for @entity54 in an episode without signs and symptoms of IFI. Our results demonstrate that the SeptiFast kit cannot replace @entity1503 in the diagnostic workup of FNEs. However, it might be helpful in situations where @entity1503 remain negative (e.g., during antimicrobial therapy or in IFI).

title: Utility of a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR assay to detect bacterial and fungal pathogens in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['febrile neutropenia']


abstract: In contrast to monoaminergic (MA-ergic) neurons possessing the whole set of the enzymes for MA synthesis from the precursor @entity535 , some, mostly peptidergic, neurons co-express only one of the enzymes of @entity1154 synthesis. They are widely distributed in the brain, being particularly numerous in ontogenesis and, in adulthood, under certain physiological conditions. Most monoenzymatic neurons possess one of the enzymes for @entity935 (DA) synthesis, @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) or aromatic @entity14890 decarboxylase ( @entity32821 ). TH and @entity32821 are enzymatically active in a substantial number of monoenzymatic neurons, where they are capable of converting @entity9109 to @entity3034 ( @entity3034 ) and @entity3034 to @entity935 (DA) (or @entity2476 , @entity2476 to @entity750 ), respectively. According to our data @entity3034 synthesized in monoenzymatic TH-neurons is released and taken up by monoenzymatic @entity32821 -neurons for DA synthesis. Moreover, @entity3034 captured by dopaminergic neurons and serotoninergic neurons serves to stimulate @entity935 synthesis in the former and to start DA synthesis in the latter. Cooperative synthesis of @entity4427 is considered as a compensatory reaction under a failure of @entity528 , e.g. in @entity179 like @entity4089 and @entity191 , which are developed primarily because of degeneration of DA-ergic neurons of the tuberoinfundibular system and the nigrostriatal system, respectively. Noteworthy, the neurotoxin-induced increase of prolactin secretion returns with time to a normal level due to the stimulation of DA synthesis by the tuberoinfundibular most probably monoenzymatic neurons. The same compensatory mechanism is supposed to be used under the failure of the nigrostriatal DA-ergic system that is manifested by an increased number of monoenzymatic neurons in the striatum of animals with neurotoxin-induced @entity304 and in @entity1 with @entity191 . Expression of the enzymes of MA synthesis in non-monoaminergic neurons is controlled by intercellular signals such as classical neurotransmitters ( @entity2661 ), etc. Thus, a substantial number of brain neurons express partly the monoaminergic phenotype, namely individual complementary enzymes of MA synthesis, serving to produce @entity4427 in cooperation, which is considered as a compensatory reaction under the failure of @entity528 .

title: [Synthesis of XXXX by non-monoaminergic neurons: illusion or reality?].

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-3,4-dihydroxy-phenylalanine', 'L-DOPA']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxy-tryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['MA-ergic neurons']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamines']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity571 ( @entity571 ) suffer from a lot of @entity158 , have difficulties with movement, so it is therefore logical for them to have less social contact, i.e. socializing with friends and family. Aim of the study was to examine social relations of the @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity571 , and to establish the reasons for such relations. Survey conducted 55 @entity1 , 29 @entity1 with @entity309 and 26 @entity1 with knee @entity571 . From all @entity1 data from domain of social contacts have been taken. They filled in self-evaluation scale for @entity308 by Zung-SDS, and functional ability was assessed by Health Assessment Questionnaire HAQ (for @entity309 ) and by Laquesne index (for @entity571 ). Most @entity1 in both groups narrowed the number of @entity1 with whom they socialize 82.8% @entity309 @entity1 and 80.7% @entity571 @entity1 and now they socialize with the closest family. Able to socialize are 31% @entity309 @entity1 and 53 % @entity571 @entity1 . Daily @entity158 cites 71% @entity309 @entity1 and 64% @entity571 @entity1 . @entity308 is present by most of the @entity1 , 82.8 % @entity309 @entity1 , and 73.1% @entity571 @entity1 . Functional ability is decreased by all @entity1 , slightly more by @entity309 @entity1 . Most examined @entity1 narrowed the number of @entity1 with whom they socialize, where @entity309 @entity1 feel more unable for going for visit. The reason for decreased social contact is not just reduced functional ability, and @entity158 that is present in high percentage in both groups, more and in higher level by @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: [Changes in social relations as a consequence of @entity309 and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['daily pain, but also depression', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, surgeons have begun to report case series of minimally invasive approaches to radical cystectomy, including robotic-assisted techniques demonstrating the surgical feasibility of this procedure with the potential of lower @entity190 and more rapid return of bowel function and hospital discharge. Despite these experiences and observations, at this point high levels of clinical evidence with regard to the benefits of robotic cystectomy are absent, and the current experiences represent case series with limited comparisons to historical controls at best. OBJECTIVE: We report our results on a prospective randomized trial of open versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy with regard to perioperative outcomes, complications, and short-term narcotic usage. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : A prospective randomized single-center noninferiority study comparing open versus robotic approaches to cystectomy in @entity1 who are candidates for radical cystectomy for @entity150 . Of the 41 @entity1 who underwent surgery, 21 were randomized to the robotic approach and 20 to the open technique. INTERVENTION: Radical cystectomy, bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy, and urinary diversion by either an open approach or by a robotic-assisted laparoscopic technique. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end point was @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) yield with a noninferiority margin of four LNs. Secondary end points included demographic characteristics, perioperative outcomes, pathologic results, and short-term narcotic use. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: On univariate analysis, no significant differences were found between the two groups with regard to age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, anticoagulation regimen of @entity117 , clinical stage, or diversion type. Significant differences were noted in operating room time, estimated @entity190 , time to flatus, time to bowel movement, and use of inpatient @entity1286 equivalents. There was no significant difference in regard to overall complication rate or hospital stay. On surgical pathology, in the robotic group 14 @entity1 had pT2 disease or higher; 3 @entity1 had pT3/T4 disease; and 4 @entity1 had node-positive disease. In the open group, eight @entity1 had pT2 disease or higher; five @entity1 had pT3/T4 disease; and seven @entity1 had node-positive disease. The mean number of LNs removed was 19 in the robotic group versus18 in the open group. Potential study limitations include the limited clinical and oncologic follow-up and the relatively small and single-institution nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS: We present the results of a prospective randomized controlled noninferiority study with a primary end point of @entity1600 yield, demonstrating the robotic approach to be noninferior to the open approach. The robotic approach also compares favorably with the open approach in several perioperative parameters.

title: Prospective randomized controlled trial of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for XXXX : perioperative and pathologic results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Surgical outcomes for a simplified LPN technique using a single-layer closure were reviewed for central and peripheral @entity703 . METHODS: A total of 159 consecutive @entity1 who underwent LPN were identified using a single-institution database. @entity703 abutting the collecting system or renal @entity50 were considered central. After @entity5 excision, the @entity5 bed was repaired using a single layer closure by passing partially straightened CPX needles beneath the entire cut surface. Pathologic and postoperative outcomes were compared between the central @entity5 group (CTG) and the @entity1263 group (PTG). RESULTS: There were 83 and 76 @entity1 in the CTG and PTG, respectively. When compared with the PTG, the CTG had a larger mean @entity5 size (3.4 vs 2.3 cm, P <.0001) and greater depth of @entity5 invasion (2.3 vs 1.1 cm, P <.0001). In the CTG, 66 @entity5 were malignant, and 2 @entity1 had a positive margin. In the PTG, 50 @entity5 were malignant, and 1 @entity1 had a positive margin. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in operative times, estimated @entity190 , transfusion rates, complications, positive margins, and length of hospital stays. The CTG had a longer warm @entity63 time (24 vs 18 minutes, P = .0002), but this did not result in a significant difference in postoperative @entity1011 clearance (86 vs 87, P = .842). CONCLUSIONS: During LPN, a single-layer closure without bolsters is safe and effective, and early surgical outcomes are similar for central and peripheral @entity5 .

title: Simplified laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using a single-layer closure and no bolsters for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral tumor']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors', 'Renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Higher concentrations of @entity29880 and AM1c9, secondary metabolites of @entity205 ( @entity870 ), have been associated with nephrotoxicity in organ transplant @entity1 . The risk of @entity8 may depend on the accumulation of @entity870 and its metabolites in the renal tissue. We evaluated the hypothesis that @entity5396 genotype, and inferred enzyme expression, affects systemic @entity870 metabolite exposure and intrarenal @entity870 accumulation. METHODS: An oral dose of @entity870 was administered to 24 healthy volunteers who were selected based on their @entity5396 genotype. @entity870 and its six main metabolites in whole blood and urine were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectometry. In vitro incubations of @entity870 , AM1, AM9, and AM1c with recombinant @entity5322 and @entity5396 were performed to evaluate the formation pathways of @entity29880 and AM1c9. RESULTS: The mean @entity870 oral clearance was similar between @entity5396 expressors and nonexpressors. However, compared with @entity5396 nonexpressors, the average blood area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for @entity29880 and AM1c9 was 47.4% and 51.3% higher in @entity5396 expressors (P=0.040 and 0.011, respectively), corresponding to 30% higher AUCmetabolite/AUCCsA ratios for @entity29880 and AM1c9 in @entity5396 expressors. The mean apparent urinary @entity870 clearance based on a 48-hr collection was 20.4% lower in @entity5396 expressors compared with @entity5396 nonexpressors (4.2  1.0 and 5.3  1.3 mL/min, respectively; P=0.037), which is suggestive of @entity5396 -dependent intrarenal @entity870 metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: At steady state, intrarenal accumulation of @entity870 and its secondary metabolites should depend on the @entity5396 genotype of the liver and kidneys. This may contribute to interpatient variability in the risk of @entity870 -induced nephrotoxicity.

title: XXXX gene variation influences @entity205 metabolite formation and renal cyclosporine disposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

answer: @entity5396 :: (1577,Gene) :: ['CYP3A5']


abstract: During intensive therapy of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 with marked fluid retention using high doses of i.v. furosemide the additional effect of agents which might exert osmotic attraction of interstitial fluids has been proposed. They are thought to impede the @entity8 supply and glomerular filtration rate, which may be caused by a combined action of cardiac preload acute reduction, @entity551 and neurohormonal activation.We therefore assessed in @entity712 @entity1 with NYHA class III and BNP values from 900 to 1500 pg/ml, who were treated with i.v. @entity1483 , the predictors of iatrogenic short term @entity1011 impairment by means of a case-control observational study from two centers. @entity1 with @entity712 had been treated for 6-8 days with intravenous loop diuretics alone or with an additional i.v. administration of other agents (plasma expanders, albumin, @entity2656 , inotropic support etc.). A rise in serum @entity1011 >=  25% of the basal value was considered as @entity8 .A total of 15 cases and 38 controls were enrolled. At univariate analysis, serum @entity1011 basal value >=  2.2 mg/dl, absence of @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) in the therapeutic protocol, hyposodic diet and refractory oligoanuria were associated with an increased risk of worsening renal function precipitated by i.v. diuretic therapy. At multivariate analysis as a predictor of loop diuretic-related renal function impairment, we found a serum @entity1011 >=  2.2 mg/dl at baseline (OR: 63.33, 95% CI: 3.68-1088.73, p=0.0043) and the absence of @entity4372 in the therapeutic regimen (OR: 25.0461, 95% CI: 2.07-302.53, p=0.0113). Moreover, in multivariate analysis @entity843 had some predictive @entity177 (OR: 13.28, 95% CI: 1.0055-175.41, p=0,0495).

title: [Renoprotective effect of small volumes of XXXX in @entity712 @entity1 with marked fluid retention: results of a case-control study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal blood', 'renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic saline solution', 'HSS']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['value of renal deterioration']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity4372 :: (MESH:D009122,Disease) :: ['hypertonic saline solution']


abstract: In spite of an abundant literature on antiandrogen treatment with @entity3429 (CA) there have been no objectively measured results to prove statistically the possible superiority of CA over combined oral contraceptive pills in the treatment of @entity5477 . A multicenter study was therefore done, in which two preparations containing CA in combination with @entity2082 (EE) were compared with a marketed combined oral contraceptive pill. The preparations studied were: CA 2 mg + EE 50 micrograms ( @entity30013 ), CA 2 mg + EE 35 micrograms ( @entity30013 mite), Levonorgestrel 150 micrograms + EE 30 micrograms (Neovletta). A @entity1 was eligible for the study if she was found by a dermatologist to have at least eight @entity75 (sum of papules, pustules, cysts and nodules) on her face, was otherwise healthy and without medication. After a primary assessment of the number of @entity75 by the dermatologist the @entity1 was referred to a gynecologist and given one of the three test preparations double-blind and at random. The treatment was to continue for 6 months. 133 @entity1 were recruited at eight different centers. The groups thus constituted were of similar size and comparable with regard to age, degree of acne, and menstrual and contraceptive histories. As the number of @entity75 varied considerably between @entity1 all data were converted into percentage change during treatment before they were processed in a computer. After only 4 months of treatment the @entity1 on @entity30013 and @entity30013 mite had a significantly greater reduction in the number of @entity75 compared with those on Neovletta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3429 versus levonorgestrel combined with XXXX in the treatment of acne. Results of a multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity3429 :: ('MESH:D017373', 'Chemical') :: ['cyproterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['acne lesions']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinylestradiol']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinyl estradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment for @entity6732 , recurrence is common despite resection. The optimal approach to the management of disease relapse after treatment for @entity6732 remains unclear. METHODS: This study is a retrospective analysis of a single-institution experience assessing treatment patterns and outcomes in @entity1 with recurrence or disease progression after surgical treatment for @entity6732 . Data included demographics, stage, treatment, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: From 1995 to 2006, 120 @entity1 had initial resection of a thymic @entity5 at our institution, of which 112 had recurrence data available. Twenty-five @entity1 developed recurrence or progression of disease after their initial resection (10 @entity704 , 15 @entity704 ). Median follow-up was 51.4 months. Higher Masaoka stages predominated (I: 0; II: 4; III: 8; IV: 13). Eleven @entity1 (44%) underwent surgery for their relapse with curative intent, while 14 (56%) were managed nonsurgically. Surgery was considered when disease was intrathoracic, unilateral, and technically resectable. The 11 @entity1 receiving surgery had a total of 16 reoperations (range 1 to 4). An R0 re-resection was obtained in half of cases (8 of 16, 50%) but the majority of operative @entity1 (9 of 11, 82%) recurred again. The 5-year overall survival of the 25 @entity1 with recurrent or persistent disease was 58% (median survival = 82 months). Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrate a trend (p = 0.08) toward improved overall survival in @entity1 treated with surgery versus those treated nonoperatively (median survival = 156 months versus 50 months). @entity1 with @entity704 demonstrated a trend (p = 0.12) toward improved survival for over @entity704 (median survival = 90 months versus 35 months). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity1 with recurrent or progressive @entity6732 is associated with long-term survival. Despite the historical enthusiasm for re-resection, the majority of @entity1 will recur again, therefore reoperation should be considered only in selected @entity1 .

title: Management and outcomes of relapse after treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymic carcinoma', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity6732 :: ('MESH:D013953', 'Disease') :: ['thymic tumors']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymoma and thymic carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To construct a prokaryotic expressing plasmid for recombinant immunotoxin which fused anti- @entity470 scFv together with gelonin toxin, express and verify its function. METHODS: The gene fragments coding anti- @entity470 single chain fragment were amplified with PCR and cloned into pET32a vector which contains gelonin toxin. The new plasmid was transformed into BL21 (DE3) cells. The induced inclusion bodies were denatured, refolded and purified through SP Sepharose Fast Flow Column. The purified immunotoxin @entity30144 was identified by western blot analysis, and the bioactivity was identified using cell immnuohistochemistry and @entity98 assay. RESULTS: The expressing vector pET32a- @entity30144 has been constructed correctly, confirmed by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The recombinant immunotoxin @entity30144 was purified after denaturing the inclusion bodies, refolding and cationic exchange chromatograph. The purified protein @entity30144 had the right immunology specificity, @entity30144 could efficiently target to @entity470 positive cells identified by cell immnuohistochemistry. And the result of @entity98 assay showed @entity30144 could specifically kill @entity470 positive cells. CONCLUSION: The recombinant immunotoxin @entity30144 with high purity and biologic activity was prepared in this study, which would become the basic for the further study of the biologic function of @entity30144 .

title: [The construction of anti- XXXX single chain variable fragment fused with gelonin toxin prokaryotic expressing plasmid and the study of its anti-tumor effects].

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if deterioration in renal function could be ameliorated by adding @entity786 to corticosteroid therapy in @entity1 with progressive @entity8157 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled treatment trial. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 29.2 +/- 17.1 months. SETTING: Collaborative network of 120 university and private-practice nephrologists. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity8157 whose renal function deteriorated (as evidenced by doubling of the serum @entity1011 level, a 50% fall in the glomerular filtration rate, or a sustained serum @entity1011 level of greater than 2.0 mg/dL [reciprocal @entity1011 value, 0.5], or whose @entity1985 range @entity644 persisted in association with morbid complications. Of 156 @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity8157 , 36 became eligible for randomization. Twenty-six of these 36 @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatments. INTERVENTIONS: Pulse @entity1667 , oral @entity288 , and 6 months of intravenous @entity786 or alternate-day corticosteroid therapy alone. MAIN RESULTS: At entry, no statistical differences were found between the treatment groups in duration of @entity8 , age, gender, serum @entity1011 level, 24-hour urine protein excretion, or biopsy stage. The groups showed no difference in mean arterial blood pressure during follow-up. Four of the 13 @entity1 receiving @entity288 alone and 4 of the 13 @entity1 receiving @entity288 plus intravenous @entity786 progressed to @entity454 during follow-up. Reciprocal @entity1011 values tested at 6-month intervals showed no statistical differences between treatment groups at any time point. The log of the 24-hour protein excretion values showed no statistical differences between treatment groups after treatment. The power to detect a substantial improvement in renal function, defined as a doubling of the reciprocal of the serum @entity1011 , at the 0.05 significance level was 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy with intravenous @entity786 and @entity288 , when compared with @entity228 therapy alone, does not improve renal function in @entity1 with progressive @entity8157 .

title: Treatment of progressive @entity8157 . A randomized trial comparing XXXX and @entity288 with @entity288 alone. The @entity8 Collaborative Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulopathy']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study investigated whether a glycoprotein coating that will be used to enhance @entity1616 affects in situ nutritional passage through a permeable membrane. METHODS: Sixteen adult @entity468 were equally divided into two groups. @entity6027 membranes with pore size of 0.1 microm and total pore area (porosity) of 3.1% were used as implant materials. The membranes for Group 1 were coated with a thin layer of Collagen I, while the membranes for Group 2 were uncoated. Each membrane with 8-mm diameter was implanted into an interlamellar pocket of the @entity267 . The eyes were observed for approximately 35 days to monitor clinical signs of @entity3147 , and then 7 membranes were removed from the eyes. The permeability of the explanted membranes to @entity413 , inulin and albumin was used to predict the in situ difference between the coated and uncoated groups in regard to nutritional passage through the membranes. To investigate the long-term effect of the surface coating on corneal health, two animals from Group 1 were followed for up to two years and then both eyes of each animal underwent histological examination. RESULTS: Clinically, no @entity532 associated with @entity3147 were observed in any of the eyes. Nutritional permeability tests showed no significant differences between the coated and uncoated membranes. Histologically, the long-term animals showed no abnormal morphology associated with @entity3147 in the @entity267 anterior or posterior to the membranes. CONCLUSIONS: A thin glycoprotein coating on a permeable membrane does not appear to affect the nutritional supply of the anterior @entity267 and therefore can be used to enhance epithelialization of synthetic corneal onlays in vivo.

title: A thin glycoprotein coating of a synthetic lenticule does not cause XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6027 :: ('CHEBI:61433', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycarbonate']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity1616 :: ('MESH:C536444', 'Disease') :: ['corneal epithelialization']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['nutritional deficiency', 'nutritional deficiency of the cornea']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['nutritional deficiency of the anterior cornea']


abstract: @entity172 therapy for postmenopausal @entity1 has received adverse publicity since the mid-1970s because several reports linked @entity172 with an increased risk of @entity1204 . Other studies indicated that the risk of @entity1478 is reduced when a progestogen is added to the @entity172 replacement. Not all postmenopausal @entity1 need @entity172 replacement. Because some continue to produce significant amounts of endogenous @entity172 , many need progestogen replacement to reduce the risk for @entity1869 and @entity420 . It has been well demonstrated that @entity172 replacement therapy does not increase the risk for @entity0 . However, added progestogen may actually reduce the risk for this @entity5 in some @entity1 . Where @entity172 therapy retards the development of and helps to prevent @entity170 , added progestogen may restore bone which has been lost by promoting new bone formation. The greatest benefit to accrue to postmenopausal @entity172 users is prevention of @entity65 . Concern has been expressed that added progestogen may negate this benefit by adverse effects on lipids. Side effects of added progestogen occur, but these may be managed by changing to another progestogen or adding a mild diuretic.

title: Use of progestogens in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a radiation-free alternative to high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for the assessment and follow-up of @entity764 . Thus far, no study has compared the efficacy of high-field MRI and HRCT in @entity1 and adults with noncystic @entity82 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1030 . THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE: (1) to assess whether chest high-field MRI is as effective as chest HRCT in identifying @entity358 ; and (2) to investigate the relationships between the severity and extent of @entity358 , and functional data in @entity1 with @entity358 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one subjects (median age, 13.8 years; range, 5.9-29.3 years; 30 @entity1 /11 adults) with primary ciliary @entity910 (n = 14), @entity465 (n = 14), or recurrent @entity55 (n = 13) underwent pulmonary function tests, chest HRCT (120 kV, dose-modulated mAs) and high-field 3.0-T MRI (HASTE; transversal orientation; repetition time/echo time/ @entity1182 angle/acquisition time, infinite/92 milliseconds/150 degrees/approximately 90 seconds). HRCT and MRI images were scored in consensus by 2 raters using a modified version of the Helbich scoring system. The maximal score was 25. RESULTS: HRCT and high-field MRI total scores were 11 (range: 1-20) and 11 (range: 1-17), respectively. There was good agreement between the 2 techniques for all scores (r > 0.8). HRCT and MRI total scores, and extent of @entity4595 scores were significantly related to pulmonary function tests (r = -0.4, P < 0.05). The MRI mucous plugging score was significantly related to pulmonary function tests (r = -0.4, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chest high-field 3.0-T MRI appears to be as effective as HRCT in assessing the extent and severity of @entity358 in non- @entity1577 chronic @entity358 , and might be a reliable radiation-free option to HRCT.

title: Assessment of chest high-field magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX and young adults with noncystic @entity1030 : comparison to high-resolution computed tomography and correlation with pulmonary function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['primary immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest disorders']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease', 'pulmonary abnormalities', 'lung diseases', 'non-CF chronic lung disease', 'lung abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: An environmental microbiologic investigation was conducted in an alligator ( @entity20085 ) holding facility in a zoo in the southeastern U.S. The facility had housed five alligators between March 1999 and February 2005. In the exhibit, one alligator died and all experienced poor health. It was hypothesized that environmental microbial contamination was associated with these issues. Samples were collected for fungal identification and quantification, @entity12219 analysis, and airborne mycotoxins. Analyses of air and water were conducted and an examination of the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning system (HVAC) for design, maintenance, and operating issues was made. Two control sites, a facility for @entity30578 ( @entity30578 ) and an off-site alligator breeding facility, were also tested. Morbidity and mortality records were examined for all sites. Results showed that, compared to the control sites, the test alligator facility and its HVAC system were extensively contaminated with a range of fungi. Nearly all sampled surfaces featured fungal growth. There were also significantly higher counts of Penicillium/Aspergillus-like and Chrysosporium-like spores in the air (P < 0.004). The design, maintenance, and operation of the HVAC system were all inadequate, resulting in poorly conditioned and mold-contaminated air being introduced to the facility. Morbidity records revealed @entity358 over time in three alligators, with one dying as a result. The other two alligators suffered from general malaise and a range of nonspecific symptoms. The control facilities had no morbidity or mortality issues. In conclusion, although no causal links could be demonstrated because of the nature of the morbidity data, environmental mold contamination appeared to be associated with the history of morbidity and mortality in the alligator exhibit.

title: An indoor air quality study of an alligator ( XXXX ) holding facility.

entities_list: @entity20085 :: ('8496', 'Species') :: ['Alligator mississippiensis']

entities_list: @entity12219 :: ('MESH:C078588', 'Chemical') :: ['microcystin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['solitary pulmonary disorders']

entities_list: @entity30578 :: ('184245', 'Species') :: ['Tomistoma schlegelii', 'false gharials']

answer: @entity20085 :: (8496,Species) :: ['Alligator mississippiensis']


abstract: The treatment of @entity1610 ( @entity1610 ) @entity17631 @entity1 with severe bilateral hip involvement is difficult because it involves @entity85 and of the spine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the procedure described below as a method of treatment for bilateral hip involvement in @entity11736 @entity1 . We performed proximal femoral @entity2096 using a hybrid external fixator in eight @entity1 (seven male @entity1 and one female @entity1 ) or 16 hips. The @entity1 had a mean age of 16.37 years (range, 9-25 years) at the time of surgery. The mean valgus angle at the proximal osteotomy site was 53.4 degrees on the right side and 52.5 degrees on the left side, and the mean varus angle at the distal osteotomy site was 22 degrees . Mean fixator time was 19.8 weeks (range, 10-42 weeks). After an average follow-up of 25.9 months, the mean modified Harris hip score had improved from 67.9 points to 79.1 points, which was statistically significant (P=0.012). Preoperative knee range of motion was achieved at the last follow-up in all @entity1 . Waddling gait was absent in three @entity1 , reduced in four @entity1 , and was the same in one at the last follow-up. Mean limb length gain was 3.5 cm (range, 0-5 cm), mean limb length discrepancy less than 0.5 cm, and the mechanical axis was realigned in all. In conclusion, our early results suggest that proximal valgus-extension osteotomy with distal femoral varusization can be a useful treatment option in young @entity1 with bilateral hip involvement in @entity11736 .

title: Bilateral valgus-extension osteotomy of hip using hybrid external fixator in XXXX : early results of a salvage procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia', 'SED']

entities_list: @entity11736 :: ('MESH:C535788', 'Disease') :: ['SED congenita']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['valgus-extension osteotomy with distal femoral varus osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities of multiple joints']

answer: @entity1610 :: (MESH:D010009,Disease) :: ['spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia']


abstract: AIM: To create an experimental model for the biomedical research of @entity5479 . METHODS: @entity3540 was induced in the right ears of @entity19 . An autologous meatal skin graft was implanted into the middle ear via the tympanic membrane followed by an intratympanic injection of @entity796 . Six weeks after surgery, the formation of acquired @entity3540 was evaluated by macroscopic examination, CT scan, and histological analysis. The expressions of @entity637 , @entity635 , and @entity777 were measured with real-time PCR. Auditory-evoked brain stem response was used for assessing the changes in hearing levels. RESULTS: None of the @entity19 died during the modeling time. By the sixth postoperative week, @entity3540 had successfully formed in 23 out of 25 @entity19 , which equals a success rate of 92%. A CT scan revealed that the @entity3540 was eroding the cochlea. Furthermore, histological analysis demonstrated a cystic structure covered by stratified squamous epithelium and keratin desquamation in the lamellae inside the cystic cavity in the bullae. All @entity19 with experimentally induced @entity3540 showed @entity393 and an upregulated expression of @entity637 , @entity635 , and @entity777 . CONCLUSION: The present study successfully developed a @entity19 model of acquired @entity5479 , which provides an extremely valuable tool for auditory and biomedical research. The modeling approach is technically easy and has a high success rate.

title: Autologous meatal skin graft implantation and intratympanic injection of @entity796 : a new experimental XXXX model of acquired @entity5479 .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'Cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: High-risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) DNA detection in cervical cytology samples is useful for primary screening of cervical @entity5 and for triage of @entity1 with equivocal cytological findings. The GenoFlow HPV array test (GF assay; Diagcor Bioscience Inc., Hong Kong) was recently developed to detect 33 HPV genotypes by a "flowthrough" hybridization technology. In this study, we assessed the analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of the GF assay and compared its genotyping results with those of the Linear Array (LA) assay (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), using 400 archived liquid-based cytology samples representing the full range of cytology findings. Genotyping findings of the GF and LA assays were concordant or compatible for 93.44% of tested samples, with a good (k = 0.797) to very good (k = 0.812) strength of agreement for assay-common and oncogenic HPV types, respectively. The two assays showed good (k = 0.635) agreement in detecting infections with multiple HPV genotypes. The lowest detection limits of the GF assay for @entity1799 and HPV18 were 25 copies and 20 copies, respectively. Repeat testing of 60 samples by use of two different lots of the GF assay revealed no discordant results, suggesting good reproducibility of the assay. Both assays achieved approximately 80% and 100% sensitivity for identifying cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous @entity75 (LSIL) with subsequent detection of LSIL+ and high-grade squamous @entity75 or higher ( @entity2784 +) in 2 years, respectively. Among ASC-US samples, the GF assay achieved the highest specificity (23.08%) for indicating subsequent identification of @entity2784 compared with the LA (19.23%) and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) (8.97%) assays. The GF and LA assays showed significant discrepancy in detecting HPV genotypes 11, 26, 39, 52, and 66. More sensitive detection of HPV52 by GF assay offers an advantage in regions where HPV52 is more prevalent. The sensitivity of the GF assay for detecting @entity1 with @entity2784 + was noninferior to that of the LA assay.

title: Comparison of the GenoFlow XXXX ) test and the Linear Array assay for HPV screening in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of severe acute @entity788 (SAP) on absorption kinetic parameters of rhubarb free @entity30813 . METHODS: Eleven healthy @entity235 were randomly divided into the normal group (n = 6) and the SAP group (n = 5). The SAP animal model was prepared by surgery through portal vein blood channel building to collect blood from normal @entity235 and @entity235 with SAP. The free @entity30813 (20 mg/kg) was given by gastrogavage. The concentrations of five @entity30813 (aloe @entity33997 , rhein, @entity33997 , @entity33595 , and physcion) in the blood plasma of the portal vein and the femoral artery were determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The kinetic parameters were calculated using MATLAB2007B Software. The half life (t(1/2Ka)), the absorption peak time (Tmax), the peak concentration (Cmax), the area under the curve [AUC(0-infinity)], and the mean residence time (MRT) were calculated using the statistical moment method. The transport velocity of corresponding medicines from the gastrointestinal tract to the blood (ka) was calculated. RESULTS: There was no difference in the chemical composition absorption type of the portal vein and the femoral artery between the two groups. Aloe @entity33997 could be detected in the portal vein of each animal at each time point, and they were in the quantitative range. Rhein could be detected in the portal vein of each animal at each time point, and they were lower than the quantitative limit at few time points. @entity33997 and @entity33595 could be detected in the portal vein of partial animals at each time point, and most of them were higher than the quantitative limit. Physcion could be detected only in the portal vein of less animals at few time points. Rhein could be detected in the femoral artery at most time points, but the rhein plasma concentration at most time points were lower than the quantitative limit. Lower concentration of aloe @entity33997 , @entity33997 , and @entity33595 could be detected in the femoral artery at only few time points. Physcion was not detected in the femoral artery. The rhein plasma concentration of the femoral artery and the @entity33595 Cmax of the portal vein at 45 min were higher in the SAP group than in the normal group with statistical difference (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the rest indices. The AUC of rhein in the two groups were 59.32% and 66.07% of the total free @entity30813 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SAP could not obviously affect the absorption kinetics parameters of rhubarb free @entity30813 . The intestinal tract and the liver might possibly play important roles in metabolizing or transforming rhubarb free @entity30813 .

title: [A comparative study on the absorption kinetics parameters of rhubarb free XXXX between normal @entity235 and @entity235 with severe acute @entity788 ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['Beagle dogs', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity30813 :: ('MESH:D000880', 'Chemical') :: ['anthraquinones']

entities_list: @entity33997 :: ('MESH:D004642', 'Chemical') :: ['emodin', 'Emodin']

entities_list: @entity33595 :: ('MESH:C027113', 'Chemical') :: ['chrysophanol']

answer: @entity30813 :: (MESH:D000880,Chemical) :: ['anthraquinones']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between @entity6 and @entity5 . DESIGN: The Fremantle @entity6 Study (FDS) was a community-based longitudinal observational study of 1426 subjects, 1294 of which had @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: The FDS @entity164 2 cohort and four age-, sex- and postcode-matched controls per case were followed for @entity5 events from 1993 until mid-2010 and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. Competing risks proportional hazards models generated risk factors for incident @entity5 in the @entity6 group. RESULTS: There were 309 first @entity5 over 13 051 @entity1 -years, or 2368 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2111-2647)/100 000 @entity1 -years in the @entity6 @entity1 vs 1131 over 60 324 @entity1 -years (1875 (1769-1987)/100 000 @entity1 -years) in the controls. For those aged >= 45 years, the risk of all-cause @entity5 was elevated in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (IRRs 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.45) and @entity1 (1.30, 1.06-1.59). The incidence of @entity14 was increased (1.36, 1.01-1.82), especially in @entity6 @entity1 aged 75-84 years (2.14, 1.22-3.64). Age at @entity6 diagnosis (sub-hazard ratio 1.05, 1.02-1.09), @entity460 channel blocker therapy (2.37, 1.39-4.06), recent exercise (2.11, 1.06-4.20) and serum total @entity165 (0.68, 0.52-0.88) increased @entity14 risk. @entity788 was also more frequent in the @entity6 @entity1 ( @entity12623 2.26, 1.20-4.10). @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 had similar risks of prostate and @entity0 to those of controls (0.83, 0.59-1.14 and 0.86, 0.52-1.36). CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 @entity6 is associated with a moderately increased @entity5 risk in well-characterised community-based @entity1 , especially @entity788 and @entity14 in older @entity1 . Recommended @entity5 screening should be considered as part of routine @entity6 management.

title: Incidence and predictors of all-cause and site-specific @entity5 : the Fremantle XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']