abstract: PURPOSE: This experimental study was conducted to evaluate neointimal thickness, lumen diameters, and histologic changes in normal and stenotic porcine iliac arteries following placement of self-expanding @entity5648 Strecker stents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neointimal @entity130 causing @entity455 was induced unilaterally within external iliac arteries of 12 @entity1707 by means of endothelial abrasion and high @entity165 diet. @entity5648 Strecker stents were placed within the stenotic and the normal contralateral vascular segments. For histopathologic evaluation, the @entity1707 were killed 12 or 24 weeks after stent placement and luminal diamters were evaluated angiographically. RESULTS: Excluding one occlusion, 15% narrowing of the lumen diameter was induced unilaterally (P = .002). Initial @entity1017 after stent placement was greater for stenotic than for normal arteries. The amount of @entity8233 thickness was not different between stenotic and normal vessels (P > .05). Comparing vascular diameters before stent placement and at follow-up, luminal loss due to @entity8233 proliferation was 22% within normal arteries (P = .0002), while a @entity1017 by 15% was found within the stenotic arteries (P = .008). Maturation of @entity8233 and endothelial coverage were complete after 24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Even though @entity5648 Strecker stents induce excessive neointimal proliferation, stenotic arteries seem to profit from great early @entity1017 resulting in 15% of vascular expansion at follow-up while slight stenosis is induced within normal iliac arteries.

title: Effects of XXXX Strecker stent placement on vascular response in normal and stenotic porcine iliac arteries.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['slight vascular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5648 :: ('MESH:C013616', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitinol', 'nitinol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['luminal gain']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity5648 :: (MESH:C013616,Chemical) :: ['nitinol']


abstract: AIMS: In the normal heart, @entity296 is augmented at elevated heart rates. This effect is known as force-frequency relationship (FFR). The FFR is altered in failing hearts and may be used to detect myocardial function impairment. Force-frequency relationship measurements usually require invasive techniques and have therefore rarely been used in clinical practice. We studied the feasibility of FFR determination by implanted pacemakers as a non-invasive method in pacemaker @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: During follow-up visits in 30 @entity1 with implanted pacemakers and normal heart function, the intracardiac impedance (IZ) was recorded by the pacemaker during incremental pacing at 80, 100, and 120 bpm. The time interval between the ventricular pacing pulse and IZmax (tIZm) and the maximum acceleration of the IZ change during myocardial contraction (IZacc: d2Z/dt2 max) were determined. @entity11139 ( @entity11139 ) was measured in parallel by tissue Doppler echocardiography at the right free wall, the left free wall, and the septum. With increasing pacing rates, the time interval tIZm shortened significantly and maximum acceleration IZacc increased significantly, consistent with the FFR. The best correlation was achieved between IZacc and @entity11139 septal. CONCLUSION: Permanent pacemakers offering intracardiac IZ measurements can be used for monitoring FFR changes and, possibly, for low-effort first-line monitoring of @entity296 .

title: Non-invasive assessment of XXXX from force-frequency relationship in @entity1 with implanted pacemakers: first results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11139 :: ('MESH:D015465', 'Disease') :: ['IVA', 'Isovolumetric acceleration']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial contractility', 'myocardial disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial contractility']


abstract: In bioartificial pancreatic systems, isolated islets of Langerhans are protected against immune rejection by an artificial membrane, permeable to @entity413 and @entity9959 , but not to immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. Some of these devices, referred to as vascular systems, are set up to be connected to a vascular site in the recipient, with blood circulating in contact with one side of the membrane, and the islets on the other side. Such a bioartificial pancreas, containing isolated @entity35 islets of Langerhans, was connected to an arteriovenous shunt of a normal anesthetized @entity235 . The aim of this experiment was to investigate the kinetics of the @entity9959 secretory response of the system to a @entity413 load. @entity413 was infused upstream of the system, increasing the @entity413 concentration inside the bioartificial pancreas from 7 to 14 mmol/l, without altering the blood @entity413 concentration of the @entity235 . @entity9959 concentration was determined simultaneously upstream and downstream of the bioartificial pancreas. @entity9959 production was calculated by multiplying the difference between these values by the blood flow rate. Blood flow rate (Q) was estimated from the change in the @entity413 concentration produced by the @entity413 infusion using a mass transfer analysis derived from Fick's principle. @entity9959 production increased from 20 +/- 8 to 59 +/- 15 microU/100 islets/min within 15 min following the beginning of the stimulation (n = 6, p less than 0.05). Five min after the end of the stimulation, @entity9959 production decreased from 75 +/- 13 to 50 +/- 9 microU/100 islets/min (p less than 0.05) to reach the basal level (21 +/- 3 microU/100 islets/min) 30 min after the end of the @entity413 stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ex vivo evaluation in normal XXXX of @entity9959 released by a bioartificial pancreas containing isolated @entity35 islets of Langerhans.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Functional @entity1142 is a common pediatric problem in general practice and even more so in pediatric gastroenterology clinics. Treatment is often delayed with psychosocial and digestive consequences. However, treatment is well codified and effective. Hyperosmotic mineral water, diet, and endoanal medications are not treatments for established @entity1142 , whatever the age. The @entity11884 / @entity7718 -based medications are authorized and effective before 6 months of age and @entity968 for @entity1 over 6 months. Mineral oil is less prescribed. The rule for treatment is a sufficient dose for a long time. In case of fecal impaction with or without @entity1241 , the first stage is fecal disimpaction, using a high dose of @entity970 the first few days, or repeated @entity4613 enemas. Education regarding the adaptation of toilets and a daily bowel movement should restore colic motility and avoid relapses when the treatment is discontinued. Psychological concerns should be evaluated and treated.

title: [Constipation in XXXX and @entity1 : How should it be treated?]

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity7718 :: ('MESH:C014635', 'Chemical') :: ['lactitol']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene-glycol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The formation of cross-modal object representations was investigated using a novel paradigm that was previously successful in establishing unimodal visual category learning in monkeys and @entity1 . The stimulus set consisted of six categories of bird shapes and sounds that were morphed to create different exemplars of each category. Subjects learned new cross-modal bird categories using a one-back task. Over time, the subjects became faster and more accurate in categorizing the birds. After 3 days of training, subjects were scanned while passively viewing and listening to trained and novel bird types. @entity616 consisted of bird sounds only, bird pictures only, matching pictures and sounds (cross-modal congruent), and mismatching pictures and sounds (cross-modal incongruent). fMRI data showed unimodal and cross-modal training effects in the right fusiform gyrus. In addition, the left @entity2031 showed cross-modal training effects in the absence of unimodal training effects. Importantly, for both the right fusiform gyrus and the left @entity2031 , the newly formed cross-modal representation was specific for the trained categories. Learning did not generalize to incongruent combinations of learned sounds and shapes; their response did not differ from the response to novel cross-modal bird types. Moreover, responses were larger for congruent than for incongruent cross-modal bird types in the right fusiform gyrus and @entity2031 , providing further evidence that categorization training induced the formation of meaningful cross-modal object representations.

title: Category training induces cross-modal object representations in the adult XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['Stimulus blocks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Since @entity2871 (Tx) can mediate the actions of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ), we investigated interaction between these systems on the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. TGF was assessed from proximal stop-flow pressure (PSF) during orthograde perfusion of the loop of Henle (LH) between 0 and 40 nl/min. In the basal state, TGF was 11.3 +/- 0.8 mmHg. In series 1 experiments, it was unaltered by vehicle (+0.3 +/- 0.9 mmHg, n = 9, NS), was reduced by an @entity1808 antagonist, @entity11605 (-2.4 +/- 1.1 mmHg, n = 8, P less than 0.0005), and by a TxA2 antagonist SQ 29,548 (-4.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg, n = 11, P less than 0.0001). Both drugs together produced an additive blunting of TGF of -6.9 +/- 0.7 mmHg. In series 2 experiments, TGF was again unchanged by vehicle (+0.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg). It was reduced by -4.4 +/- 0.2 mmHg (P less than 0.0001) by an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor CGS-14,824A (50 mg/kg, n = 5) and by -4.0 +/- 0.4 mmHg (P less than 0.001) by a Tx synthesis inhibitor @entity33283 (50 mg/kg, n = 7). Although both drugs together produced a further blunting of the response of -6.1 +/- 0.4 mmHg, this was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than additive. In both series, a response (averaging 3.5 +/- 0.3 mmHg) persisted in all @entity35 given combined antagonists or inhibitors. In conclusion, both @entity1808 and TxA2 can modulate TGF-induced changes in PSF independently, and the response probably requires other system(s) in addition to @entity1808 and TxA2.

title: Feedback responses during sequential inhibition of angiotensin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity11605 :: ('MESH:D012504', 'Chemical') :: ['saralasin']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5785 ( @entity5785 ) are associated with oppositional behavior (OPB) in @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). @entity5785 has been linked to altered stress responses in some disorders, but @entity71 has not been studied. We test the hypothesis that OPB in @entity71 is mediated by altered stress-related @entity701 reactivity to @entity5785 . METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 (with/without @entity71 ) and their respective parents were randomly assigned to two different conditions with/without negative emotion and participated in an emotion provocation task. Parents' @entity5785 , their ratings of their @entity1 's OPB and their @entity1 's salivary @entity701 levels were measured. RESULTS: Low parental warmth was associated with OPB in @entity71 . High levels of parental @entity5785 elicited a larger @entity701 response. Stress-related @entity701 reactivity mediated the @entity5785 -OPB link for all @entity1 . This highlights the general importance of parent- @entity1 interactions on externalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSION: High @entity5785 is a salient stressor for @entity71 @entity1 that leads to increased levels of @entity701 and OPB. The development of OPB might be mediated by the stress-response to high @entity5785 .

title: Does the @entity701 response to stress mediate the link between expressed emotion and oppositional behavior in @entity71 ( XXXX )?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder']

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ['EE', 'Expressed Emotions']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['ADHD']


abstract: Our aim was to describe clinicopathologic features of @entity189 on a cohort of cases. We retrieved reported cases of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) in the Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology _ Microbiology, Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, from May 2004 to December 2011. The slides were reviewed, and clinicopathologic features were noted. A total of 8 cases of @entity0 were found. The age ranged from 17 to 60 years (median, 41 years) with a female to male ratio of 7:1. Lumpectomy was done in 6 cases, and mastectomy, in 2 cases. The @entity5 size ranged from 2.5 to 10 cm (mean, 5.5 cm). Histologically, abundant extra- and intracellular secretory material was seen in all cases. Most of the @entity5 showed mixtures of patterns with dominant microcystic and papillary patterns. In situ component was seen in only 1 case. Lymph node @entity3 were seen in both cases with lymph node sampling. In conclusion, @entity0 is a rare @entity0 . The papillary pattern of @entity0 is rare according to published data but was seen in most of our cases. In situ @entity189 is even rarer, and to date, we have seen a single case only. Although most occur in @entity1 , these can be seen in @entity1 as well.

title: XXXX of breast: clinicopathologic study of 8 cases.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['type of ductal breast carcinoma', 'SCB', 'secretory carcinoma of breast']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['secretory carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Secretory carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gastric tube reconstruction (GTR) is a high-risk surgical procedure with substantial perioperative morbidity. Compromised arterial blood supply and @entity450 are believed to be the main etiologic factors associated with early and late anastomotic complications. Identifying low blood perfusion areas may provide information on the risks of future @entity834 and could be essential for improving surgical techniques. The aim of this study was to generate a method for gastric microvascular perfusion analysis using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and to test the hypothesis that LSCI is able to identify @entity63 regions on GTRs. @entity1 requiring elective laparoscopy-assisted GTR participated in this single-center observational investigation. A method for intraoperative evaluation of blood perfusion and postoperative analysis was generated and validated for reproducibility. Laser speckle measurements were performed at 3 different time pointes, baseline (devascularized) stomach (T0), after GTR (T1), and GTR at 20   reverse Trendelenburg (T2).Blood perfusion analysis inter-rater reliability was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients for each time point approximating 1 (P<0.0001). Baseline (T0) and GTR (T1) mean blood perfusion profiles were highest at the base of the stomach and then progressively declined towards significant @entity63 at the most cranial point or anastomotic tip (P<0.01). After GTR, a statistically significant improvement in mean blood perfusion was observed in the cranial gastric regions of interest (P<0.05). A generalized significant decrease in mean blood perfusion was observed across all GTR regions of interest during 20   reverse Trendelenburg (P<0.05).It was feasible to implement LSCI intraoperatively to produce blood perfusion assessments on intact and reconstructed whole stomachs. The analytical design presented in this study resulted in good reproducibility of gastric perfusion measurements between different investigators. LSCI provides spatial and temporal information on the location of adequate tissue perfusion and may thus be an important aid in optimizing surgical and anesthesiological procedures for strategically selecting anastomotic site in @entity1 undergoing esophagectomy with GTR.

title: Laser speckle contrast imaging identifies XXXX areas on gastric tube reconstructions following esophagectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['venous congestion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coughing may be produced by a number of different disorders in distinct anatomic sites. Chronic cough causes major functional limitation in a considerable @entity1 population and requires careful evaluation. METHODS: Seventy-eight nonsmoking @entity1 of both genders who complained of cough for > or =3 weeks and had normal findings on plain chest radiographs were studied prospectively. Their histories were obtained, and physical examinations were performed. The diagnostic workup included pulmonary function tests, CT of the paranasal sinuses and chest, @entity5402 provocation test, fiberoptic rhinoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and 24-h esophageal pH monitoring. The final diagnosis depended on clinical, radiologic, and laboratory findings; a successful response to therapy was required for confirmation. RESULTS: The causes of chronic cough were determined in all @entity1 . Coughing was due to a single cause in 30 @entity1 (38.5%) and multiple causes in 48 @entity1 (61.5%). The five most important causative factors were @entity565 (46 @entity1 ; 58.9%), @entity751 ( @entity751 ; 45 @entity1 ; 57.6%), @entity354 ( @entity354 ; 32 @entity1 ; 41.1%), @entity4595 (14 @entity1 ; 17.9%), and @entity19926 (11 @entity1 ; 14.1%). INTERPRETATION: Asthma, @entity751 , and @entity354 , alone or in combination, were responsible for 93.6% of the cases of chronic cough. The presence of these three conditions was so frequent that the expression "pathogenic triad of chronic cough" should be acknowledged in specialized literature. It is essential to consider pulmonary and extrapulmonary causes in order to prescribe a successful specific therapy for chronic cough.

title: A pathogenic triad in chronic cough: @entity565 , XXXX , and @entity354 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19926 :: ('MESH:C566362', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial collapse']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['postnasal drip syndrome', 'PNDS']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux disease', 'GERD']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity751 :: (MESH:D013577,Disease) :: ['postnasal drip syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery-related mortality in @entity1 with @entity1911 or @entity1823 has dramatically decreased over the last few decades. This effect has often been attributed to perioperative a  -receptor blockade. However, this has never been tested in a  randomized trial and many other changes have contributed to this improvement. At the same time a  -receptor blockade was introduced, short-acting and well controllable agents became available for intraoperative arterial blood pressure management. Subsequently, surgical techniques improved and led almost exclusively to minimally invasive techniques, while improvements in the diagnostic techniques allow earlier and more precise detection of @entity5733 -producing @entity5 . METHODS: Conduction of a  randomized, controlled study to investigate the effect of a  -receptor blockade on mortality is hampered by the rarity of the disease. With the currently low mortality rate, several thousands of @entity1 would be needed to test such a  hypothesis. Accordingly, intraoperative management is generally based on expert opinion. @entity101 episodes are treated by intravenous administration of @entity1854 , @entity3773 or @entity12118 . Depending on the individual case a  short-acting b  -blocker and @entity1760 might be added. @entity551 following @entity5 removal is treated with intravenous fluid infusion and continuous @entity1063 administration. Adrenal gland-sparing resection of @entity1911 does not seem to increase the risk of arterial @entity101 . CONCLUSION: Future research should focus on identification of risk factors for intraoperative @entity101 episodes and the question whether a  time-consuming, unreliable a  -receptor blockade, burdened with significant side effects, is still needed.

title: [Anesthetic management during XXXX surgery : Current strategies].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12118 :: ('CHEBI:28787', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive', 'hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity3773 :: ('MESH:C015568', 'Chemical') :: ['urapidil']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1911 :: (MESH:D010673,Disease) :: ['pheochromocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to test whether acupuncture improves @entity409 in @entity1 with @entity101 and compare the effects of different acupoints to find out which one is the most suitable for the long-term follow-up study. DESIGN: This study is a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to a sequence of four acupuncture treatment phases, each for 15 minutes with a 7-day washout period in between. Acupuncture needles were inserted at bilateral ST 36; @entity11399 ; ST 36 plus @entity11399 ; and placebo points. SUBJECTS: Fifteen (15) @entity1 with essential @entity101 were the subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity384 ( @entity384 ) and blood pressure were assessed before and after acupuncture treatment. RESULTS: @entity384 significantly improved with the acupuncture treatment at ST 36 (0.266 +/- 0.078 mm to 0.306 +/- 0.077 mm, p = 0.003) and ST 36 plus @entity11399 (0.284 +/- 0.098 mm to 0.332 +/- 0.103 mm, p < 0.001). In contrast, @entity384 was unchanged after the acupuncture treatment at @entity11399 or the placebo treatment. The @entity384 response to the acupuncture treatment at ST 36 plus @entity11399 was significantly different from the response to the acupuncture treatment at @entity11399 and the placebo treatment (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, respectively). The acupuncture treatment at ST 36 significantly increased @entity384 compared to the placebo treatment (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the acute treatment of acupuncture in @entity101 @entity1 improves @entity409 . The beneficial effect of acupuncture could be of clinical importance to prevent the progression of @entity65 in @entity101 @entity1 . However, the potential role of acupuncture treatment for long-term therapy has not been examined. Further studies will be necessary to demonstrate whether long-term acupuncture treatment can sustain the improvement in @entity409 .

title: The acute effect of acupuncture on @entity409 in @entity1 with XXXX : a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: We report a case of @entity3807 due to @entity2042 in @entity1 with @entity189 . Retroperitoneal @entity82 was observed in a-83-year-old @entity1 during examinations for @entity177 . The symptoms were improved by percutaneous nephrostomy and pulse therapy using @entity288 , however, @entity189 was detected during follow-up examinations. The biopsy of retroperitoneal tissue was performed during the surgery for @entity189 . The histopathological examination revealed scattered calcified eggs of @entity2042 in @entity3807 tissue. Therefore, in this case, we assumed @entity2042 was the cause of @entity3807 . In our knowledge, there is no report about @entity3807 due to @entity2042 . We hypothesize the pathway that the eggs penetrate into retroperitoneal space is extravasation from intestinal wall and peritoneal cavity, although the detail of this mechanism is not obvious. It is well known about the relationship between Schistosomasis and @entity5 . However, it seemed no evidence regarding the relationship between @entity2042 and @entity189 , since there is no report about it and the eggs were not found in specimen of @entity189 .

title: [Retroperitoneal @entity82 due to XXXX : a case report].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3807 :: ('MESH:D012185', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postrenal renal failure']

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma Japonicum']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: We evaluated, by qualitative and quantitative methods, the structural alterations in the bladder wall of @entity35 submitted to surgical castration, as well as the role of hormone replacement in reversing the possible structural alterations. Twenty-four 12-week-old male @entity35 were used. The animals were divided into 3 groups comprising 8 animals each and treated as follows. Members of group CONTR (control) underwent a sham operation only and were sacrificed after 2 months. Members of group ORCH (orchiectomy) underwent bilateral orchiectomy and were sacrificed after 2 months. Members of group ORCH+TEST ( @entity251 ) underwent orchiectomy, received @entity251 replacement after 1 month, and were sacrificed 1 month later. We performed a qualitative and quantitative analysis of collagen by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, biochemistry, and a histomorphometric analysis of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the 3 groups. The results showed a significant decrease in absolute values of elastic fibers in the castrated group. The histomorphometric analysis of epithelial height did not show differences among the groups. There was no statistical difference in quantitative analysis of collagen, either by histomorphometry or by biochemistry. Also, there was no difference in the smooth muscle cells. However, the qualitative analysis revealed differences in collagen (castrated group) when compared with controls and with @entity35 submitted to hormone replacement. Hormone replacement with @entity251 was able to revert the alterations observed. The findings suggest that hormone replacement, even when instituted at a late stage, is effective in reversing the bladder wall alterations produced by secondary @entity6126 .

title: Effects of castration and hormone replacement in the urinary bladder of XXXX : structural, ultrastructural, and biochemical analysis.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The regulation of contractility of the transplanted heart depends on circulating @entity2661 resulting from cardiac denervation. Supersensitivity to circulating @entity2661 may result from loss of presynaptic neuronal uptake or upregulation of postsynaptic beta-adrenergic receptors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Dose-response curves using the beta-adrenergic receptor agonists @entity3044 (no neuronal uptake) and @entity1425 (neuronal uptake) were performed in vivo. The inotropic response was measured echocardiographically as the increase of fractional shortening (delta FS) and the increase of the systolic pressure/dimension ratio (delta P/D). The inotropic response to increasing doses of @entity3044 (5-20 ng/kg.min) was identical in 36 heart transplant recipients compared with 13 control subjects: delta FS during 20 ng/kg.min @entity3044 amounted to 18.2 +/- 6.2% versus 17.4 +/- 4.0% (NS) and delta P/D to 2.3 +/- 1.2 mm Hg/mm versus 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg/mm (NS), respectively. A vagally mediated indirect negative inotropic effect in the innervated hearts was excluded by identical inotropic responses to @entity3044 in control subjects without and after @entity3897 pretreatment. The inotropic response to increasing doses of @entity1425 (10-40 ng/kg.min) was significantly augmented in 13 heart transplant recipients compared with 11 control subjects: delta FS during 40 ng/kg.min @entity1425 amounted to 19.9 +/- 2.6% versus 8.6 +/- 2.0% (p less than 0.001) and delta P/D to 2.3 +/- 0.9 mm Hg/mm versus 0.6 +/- 0.3 mm Hg/mm (p less than 0.001), respectively. Pretreatment with @entity5829 (blockade of neuronal uptake) in control subjects resulted in a significantly increased inotropic response: delta FS during 40 ng/kg.min @entity1425 amounted to 17.6 +/- 3.6% (p less than 0.001 versus untreated controls, NS versus heart transplant recipients) and delta P/D to 1.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg/mm (p less than 0.001 versus untreated controls, NS versus heart transplant recipients). CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence against a postsynaptic inotropic supersensitivity or subsensitivity of the beta-adrenergic receptor-effector system of the transplanted denervated @entity1 heart in vivo. However, a marked presynaptic inotropic supersensitivity is present because of denervation-associated loss of neuronal @entity2922 uptake.

title: Isolated presynaptic inotropic beta-adrenergic supersensitivity of the transplanted denervated XXXX heart in vivo.

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This article examines the recent revision of the Sphere Minimum Standards in disaster response relating to food security, nutrition and food @entity3224 . It describes how the revision attempted to incorporate the principles of the Humanitarian Charter, as well as relevant @entity1 rights principles and values into the Sphere Minimum Standards. The initial aim of the revision was to ensure that the Sphere Minimum Standards better reflected the principles embodied in the Humanitarian Charter. This was later broadened to ensure that key legal standards and principles from @entity1 rights and humanitarian law were considered and also incorporated, in part to fill the "protection gap" within the existing standards. In relation to the food security, nutrition and food @entity3224 standards, it was agreed by @entity1 in the process that the @entity1 right to adequate food and freedom from hunger should be incorporated. In relation to more general principles underlying the Humanitarian Charter, itself drawn largely from @entity1 rights and humanitarian law, it was agreed that there was a need to strengthen "protection" elements within the standards and a need to incorporate the basic principles of the right to life with dignity, non-discrimination, impartiality and participation, as well as to explore the relevance of the concept of the progressive realisation of the right to food. The questions raised in linking rights to operational standards required thought, on the one hand, about whether the technical standards reflected a deep understanding of the values expressed within the legal instruments, and whether the existing standards were adequate in relation to those @entity1939 . On the other hand, it also required reflection on how operational standards like Sphere could give concrete content to @entity1 rights, such as the right to food and the right to be free from hunger. However, there remain challenges in examining what a rights-based approach will mean in terms of the role of humanitarian agencies as duty-bearers of rights, given that the primary responsibility rests with state governments. It will also require reflection on the modes and mechanisms of accountability that are brought to bear in ensuring the implementation of the Minimum Standards.

title: Linking rights and standards: the process of developing "rights-based" minimum standards on food security, nutrition and food XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal rights']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['aid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate if bed rest during 2 h in a supine posture is required to improve the efficacy of the blood-patch procedure. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 whose postdural puncture @entity10 remained distressing 48 to 72 h after dural tap despite the use of stage II WHO painkillers were included in this prospective single center study lasted for a 2-year period. The @entity1 's own blood injection in the epidural space was performed until discomfort or @entity158 in the lumbar area occurred or was limited to 20 ml if no such sensation was observed. After blood had been injected, the @entity1 was allowed to stand up as soon as desired, under close observation. The @entity1 was then discharged to the ward for a 48 h follow-up. RESULTS: Nine female and 12 male @entity1 (age: 16-35 years) were included. @entity10 occurred after spinal anaesthesia in 16 cases, epidural analgesia for delivery in two cases and lumbar puncture by during neurological workup in three cases. Autologous blood volume injected was 20 ml in 19 @entity1 and was reduced to 18 and 16 ml, respectively, in two @entity1 due to @entity158 . All blood-patches were technically uneventful and led to immediate @entity10 relief, associated with a feeling of wellbeing and desire to stand up. The 48 following hours were without any incident and painkillers were no more needed. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, blood-patch was mainly performed after spinal anaesthesia and was associated with a high rate success. This encouraging result suggests that recumbent position maintained for 2h after the blood-patch is performed might not be necessary to obtain full efficacy.

title: [Blood-patch: immediate effective remedy for XXXX secondary to dura mater injury].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'Headache']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: In five @entity1 with @entity583 , the effects of both intracoronary @entity1242 (NTG) and subsequent intracoronary streptokinase application were evaluated. In addition, transluminal recanalization was performed in one of these @entity1 . Injection of NTG into the @entity1188 -related coronary artery resulted in improved distal filling of the subtotally occluded left circumflex artery in one @entity1 , and in transient patency of the completely occluded right coronary artery in a second @entity1 . In a third @entity1 patency of the totally occluded left anterior descending artery (LAD) was achieved by transluminal recanalization with a guide wire. In a forth @entity1 with occulsion of the LAD, there was no response to intracoronary NTG and mechanical recanalization was not attempted. Subsequent intracoronary infusion of streptokinase (1,000--2,000 U/min for 15--60 min) resulted in a further and long-term reduction of narrowing at the site of acute occlusion in @entity1 I-III and in opening of the completely occluded LAD in @entity1 IV. Improvement of lumen was paralleled by alleviation of symptoms. In a fifth @entity1 , in whom the LAD was subtotally occluded, the degree of @entity301 could not be changed by intracoronary application of NTG or by lysis. In this @entity1 , symptoms and ECG changes improved with reduction of pathologically elevated blood pressure values. The findings suggest that @entity583 had been caused by @entity715 in four @entity1 , and that @entity2473 of the @entity1188 vessel could have been an additional factor in two of these @entity1 . In the fifth @entity1 , an increase of afterload in the presence of a @entity75 might have caused the critical imbalance between oxgen supply and demand, resulting in cell death.

title: XXXX : intracoronary application of @entity1242 and streptokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal lesion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occulsion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Thirteen cases with myxomatous changes of the @entity2687 have been reported to date. We report six additional cases with clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical data. The clinical appearance is most often a gelatinous, whitish elevation with insidious onset. Histopathologically, there are inconspicuous spindle- and stellate-shaped cells in a loose, myxoid matrix. The typical location is in the anterior @entity267 beneath the epithelium, with varying degrees of extension into the stroma. @entity2277 and smooth-muscle actin immunohistochemical stains are characteristically positive, and staining occasionally may be seen with muscle-specific actin, whereas @entity2280 staining usually is negative. In most cases, myxomatous changes are a degenerative process involving transformation of stromal keratocytes into cells with prominent secretory activity and myofibroblastic differentiation. Most occur in corneas with a history of @entity2194 or @entity130 that disrupts Bowman's layer. We suggest labelling lesions with these features as "myxomatous @entity528 ." So-called "primary @entity2687 " also exist where there is no significant history. It remains unclear whether the myxomatous changes in such lesions are neoplastic or degenerative. Myxomatous corneal changes are likely under-recognized and under-diagnosed.

title: Myxomatous XXXX : a clinicopathological study of six cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal myxomas', 'corneal stroma']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corneal degeneration']

answer: @entity528 :: (MESH:D009410,Disease) :: ['corneal degeneration']


abstract: Digoxin had contractant effects on isolated, @entity1 mesenteric arteries and veins. Veins were more sensitive to this action of the glycoside than arteries. The contractions were not affected by @entity5521 or by washing with a digoxin-free solution. However, they were abolished by the @entity460 antagonist @entity594 , and by washing with a @entity460 -free medium. In the presence of digoxin, the maximum response to @entity1063 (1.8 x 10(-5) M) increased markedly in both arteries and veins, and the concentration-response curve for the @entity6115 was displaced to the left. Immersion of vein preparations in @entity460 -free solution for 30 min. abolished the digoxin contracture; an increase in extracellular @entity460 restored the response. Changes in extracellular @entity972 concentration caused changes in tension in tension of the mesenteric veins similar to those previously demonstrated in peripheral veins--both in the presence and in the absence of digoxin. It is concluded that digoxin contracts mesenteric vessels by a direct action on the muscle cells, and potentiates the contractant effects of @entity1063 . These effects are dependent on the availability of extracellular @entity460 . Mesenteric vascular reactions caused by changes in extracellular @entity972 are influenced by digoxin.

title: Effects of digoxin on islated XXXX mesenteric vessels.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Most neuropsychological assessments of episodic memory bear little similarity to the events that @entity1 actually experience as memories in daily life. The first aim of this study was to use a virtual environment to characterize episodic memory profiles in an ecological fashion, which includes memory for central and perceptual details, spatiotemporal contextual elements, and binding. This study included subjects from three different populations: healthy older adults, @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity1 with early to moderate @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Second, we sought to determine whether environmental factors that can affect encoding (active vs. passive exploration) influence memory performance in pathological aging. Third, we benchmarked the results of our virtual reality episodic memory test against a classical memory test and a subjective daily memory complaint scale. Here, the @entity1 were successively immersed in two virtual environments; the first, as the driver of a virtual car (active exploration) and the second, as the passenger of that car (passive exploration). Subjects were instructed to encode all elements of the environment as well as the associated spatiotemporal contexts. Following each immersion, we assessed the @entity1 's recall and recognition of central information (i.e., the elements of the environment), contextual information (i.e., temporal, egocentric and allocentric spatial information) and lastly, the quality of binding. We found that the @entity195 @entity1 ' performances were inferior to that of the @entity73 and even more to that of the healthy aged groups, in line with the progression of @entity194 reported in the literature. Spatial allocentric memory assessments were found to be particularly useful for distinguishing @entity73 @entity1 from healthy older adults. Active exploration yielded enhanced recall of central and allocentric spatial information, as well as binding in all groups. This led @entity73 @entity1 to achieve better performance scores on immediate temporal memory tasks. Finally, the @entity1 ' daily memory complaints were more highly correlated with the performances on the virtual test than with their performances on the classical memory test. Taken together, these results highlight specific cognitive differences found between these three populations that may provide additional insight into the early diagnosis and rehabilitation of pathological aging. In particular, neuropsychological studies would benefit to use virtual tests and a multi-component approach to assess episodic memory, and encourage active encoding of information in @entity1 suffering from mild or severe age-related @entity2414 . The beneficial effect of active encoding on episodic memory in @entity73 and early to moderate @entity195 is discussed in the context of relatively preserved frontal and motor brain functions implicated in self-referential effects and procedural abilities.

title: Using virtual reality to characterize episodic memory profiles in XXXX and @entity195 : influence of active and passive encoding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment', 'aMCI']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['amnestic mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the factors that lead to changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements after laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and their long-term stability. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five hundred twenty-two @entity735 and 296 @entity735 were enrolled in the study. Pneumotonometry was used to measure IOP once in the preoperative stage and twice in the postoperative stage-1 month after the operation and 1 year later. Ultrasonic pachymetry was used to determine preoperative and intraoperative corneal thicknesses and axial length of the eye, whereas optical pachymetry was used in the preoperative stage and 1 month after surgery. Corneal topography was used to determine the preoperative and postoperative mean curvature of the anterior surface of the @entity267 over 3 and 5-mm diameter regions. Comparative statistical analysis of the retrospective data series was performed. RESULTS: A highly significant reduction of IOP readings is found after LASIK for both @entity735 . The reduction is stable 1 year after LASIK. In the case of @entity735 , the reduction has a highly significant linear correlation with the amount of tissue ablated in the central region of the @entity267 . CONCLUSIONS: Pneumotonometric IOP readings after LASIK are reduced, without recovering preoperative values even 1 year after surgery, because of flap cutting and tissue removal in the central region of the @entity267 . The contribution of flap cutting is estimated to be (1.6+/-0.8) mm Hg, whereas ablation contributes an additional (0.029+/-0.003) mm Hg/microm of removed tissue. This effect should be considered when evaluating the accuracy of IOP measurements in LASIK @entity1 who are at risk for developing @entity726 .

title: Impact and permanence of LASIK-induced structural changes in the XXXX on pneumotonometric measurements: contributions of flap cutting and stromal ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['myopic eyes', 'myopic and hyperopic eyes', 'hyperopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: The purpose of this paper is to understand the physiologic feature of the ampullar endolymphatic potential (AEP) in the @entity840 (n = 35). The high input impedence microelectrode amplifier was used. The effects of @entity1763 , @entity1483 and @entity63 on the AEP were observed. The AEP was 4.55 +/- 1.35 mV, (n = 35) in normal. The potential decreased to 2.8 +/- 0.8 mV from the original level in two minutes of @entity1763 . When the respirator was turned on the AEP started to rise abruptly after a latency. In all instances there was an overshoot above the preasphyxia level. When @entity1483 was administered i.v. at 100 mg/kg, no effects were seen in the AEP. After obstruction of the ascending aorta to cause @entity63 , the AEP continued to decline until it reached a minimum of -19.4 +/- 1.7 mV in 52.5 +/- 9.6 minutes and slowly returned to zero line in about 150 minutes. There was no obovious effect after @entity1483 injection. The results suggest that AEP may deffer from as the positive potential in cochlea. It is produced in the specialized cells (dark cells) of the ampullar and has special electro-physiologic characteristics.

title: [The ampullar endolymhatic potential in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stem cells are used with increasing success in the treatment of @entity8 . However, whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into renal tubular epithelial cells remains controversial. The aims of the present study were to observe the localization of @entity1 embryonic MSCs (hMSCs) in the kidneys of newborn @entity19 , and to investigate hMSC differentiation into tubular epithelium. Primary culture hMSCs were derived from 4-7-week-old embryos and labeled with the cell membrane fluorescent dye @entity13214 . The degree of apoptosis, cell growth, differentiation and localization of hMSCs with and without this label were then determined using immunohistochemical methods and flow cytometry. hMSCs and @entity13214 -labeled hMSCs were revealed to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes, and were demonstrated to have similar proliferative capability. In the two cell types, the antigens @entity22416 and @entity8236 , indicative of hematopoietic lineages, were not expressed; however, the expression of the mesenchymal markers @entity27064 and @entity3512 in MSCs, was significantly increased. During a 4-week culture period, laser confocal microscopy revealed that @entity13214 -labeled hMSCs in the kidneys of newborn @entity19 gradually dispersed. Two weeks after the injection of the @entity13214 -labeled cells, the percentage of @entity13214 -labeled hMSCs localized to the renal tubules was 10  2.1%. In conclusion, @entity13214 labeling has no effect on hMSC differentiation, proliferation and mesenchymal cell surface features, and hMSCs injected into the kidneys of newborn @entity19 may transform to renal tubule epithelium.

title: XXXX embryonic mesenchymal stem cells participate in differentiation of renal tubular cells in newborn @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2488 (BHR) elevates the risk for development of respiratory symptoms and accelerates the decline in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1 ). We thus aimed to assess the prevalence, determinants and quantity of BHR in Helsinki. OBJECTIVES: This study involved 292 randomly selected subjects age 26-66years, @entity1 comprising 58%. METHODS: Following a structured interview, a spirometry, a bronchodilation test, and a skin-prick test, we assessed a bronchial challenge test with inhaled @entity112 using a dosimetric tidal breathing method. Results included the provocative dose inducing a decrease in FEV1 by 15% (PD15 FEV1 ) and the dose-response slope. For statistical risk factor-analyses, the severity of BHR was considered; PD15 values  <=1.6mg (BHR) and  <=0.4mg [moderate or severe BHR (BHRms )] served as cut-off levels. RESULTS: BHR presented in 21.2% and BHRms in 6.2% of the subjects. FEV1<80% of predicted [odds ratio (OR) 4.09], @entity1224 (FEV1 /forced vital capacity<88% of predicted) (OR 4.33) and history of @entity1729 at age <5 (OR 2.65) yielded an increased risk for BHR as ORs in multivariate analysis. For BHRms , the determinants were decreased FEV1 below 80% of predicted (OR 27.18) and @entity1224 (OR 6.16). Respiratory symptoms and @entity565 medication showed a significant association with BHR. CONCLUSIONS: Of the adult population of Helsinki, 21% showed BHR to inhaled @entity112 . The main determinants were decreased FEV1 and @entity1224 . Quantitative assessment of BHR by different cut-off levels provides a tool for characterization of phenotypes of airway disorders in epidemiologic and clinical studies.

title: XXXX in an adult population in Helsinki: decreased FEV1 , the main determinant.

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchial hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['Bronchial hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2348 are common complications arising in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 . Translocation of bacterial DNA is a dynamic process that is associated with an increased inflammatory response and a poor prognosis in this setting. The aim of this study was to study whether peritoneal macrophages remain in a chronic primed status to allow a rapid response to subsequent events of bacterial translocation. @entity1 AND METHODS: Peritoneal monocyte-derived macrophages were isolated from 25 @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity281 and compared with donor's blood monocytes. Activation cell-surface markers were screened using flow-cytometry, and the phosphorylation state of @entity1366 , @entity3963 MAP Kinase, @entity25449 /Akt and transcription factors @entity1178 and p65 NFkB were evaluated using Western blot. Synthesis of @entity5 @entity39 factor alpha, @entity650 ( @entity650 ) and @entity688 ( @entity688 ) at baseline and in response to bacterial stimuli was evaluated using ELISA. RESULTS: A high expression of @entity2071 , @entity2937 and HLA-DR at baseline was displayed by peritoneal macrophages. Increased phosphorylated levels of @entity1366 , @entity25449 ( @entity25449 ) and @entity1178 , together with @entity650 production, were observed in peritoneal macrophages at baseline compared with donors' blood monocytes. A positive correlation was established between basal @entity650 levels and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) phosphorylation in peritoneal macrophages from @entity1 with @entity82 (r=0  9; P=0  005). Addition of lipopolysaccharide induced higher phosphorylation levels of all studied signalling intermediates than synthetic-oligodeoxydinucleotides, but similar end-stage p65 NFkB. CONCLUSIONS: A sustained immune response is present in ascitic fluid of cirrhotic @entity1 , even in the temporal absence of bacterial antigens. This would facilitate a fast response, probably controlled by @entity650 , against repeated bacterial-DNA translocation or in @entity7009 .

title: Peritoneal macrophage priming in @entity82 is related to @entity3963 phosphorylation and XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['p38', 'ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity7009 :: ('MESH:D056487', 'Disease') :: ['liver chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['non-infected ascites']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['IL-6']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although overnight eye closure is known to result in @entity519 and release of potent angiogenic factors, even prolonged eye closure does not result in @entity7499 . This suggests that the closed eye tear film may contain factors that can impede @entity2295 . Closed eye tear fluid is known to contain proteases capable of converting plasminogen/ @entity1351 to angiostatin and other @entity26557 -like A-chain fragments which are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. This study was designed to characterize open and closed eye tear fluid for the presence of these entities. METHODS: Open and closed eye tears were collected by microcapillaries from normal individuals. Tears were centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed by @entity214 -PAGE and western blotting. Membranes were probed with antibodies specific for the A-chain of @entity1351 and plasminogen and with antibodies specific for conformational domains on the smaller N terminal kringles 1-->4 and kringles 1-->3 fragments which are known angiogenesis inhibitors. Supernatants were also analyzed after fractionation by HPLC and binding to @entity376 sepharose 4B. The isolated fragments were identified based on size, @entity376 -binding capabilities, antigenic properties and by comparison with standards. RESULTS: Open eye tear fluid from all normal individuals contained low levels of plasminogen, but no detectable antigens consistent with free A-chain or angiostatins. Tears collected after overnight eye closure contained significant amounts of plasminogen, A-chain antigen and various A-chain fragments including kringles 1-->4 and kringles 1-->3 and most likely free kringle 5, all known to have anti-angiogenesis properties. These were often present in concentrations likely to be physiologically significant. In samples collected from an atopic subject, the concentration of @entity26557 in CTF increased markedly during active phases of the disease reaching levels of several ng/microl. In these instances and in similar samples obtained from other atopic individuals experiencing active reactions, angiostatin was often detectable in basal-type tear fluid. CONCLUSION: A-chain fragments, which can inhibit angiogenesis, are often present at physiologically significant levels in @entity1 tear fluid collected after overnight eye closure. These fragments may play a role in preventing @entity2295 in the @entity519 closed eye environment and may well be up regulated during inflammatory reactions.

title: Diurnal variations in angiostatin in @entity1 tear fluid: a possible role in prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity26557 :: ('MESH:D043168', 'Chemical') :: ['angiostatin', 'angiostatins']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity7499 :: (MESH:D016510,Disease) :: ['corneal neovascularization']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have revealed that @entity413 fluctuations provoke oxidative stress that leads to endothelial cell dysfunction, progression of @entity453 , and plaque vulnerability. However, little is known regarding their effect on neointimal growth after stenting in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We aimed to investigate the effects of @entity413 fluctuations on neointimal growth after @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) implantation. METHODS: This study examined 50 @entity1 who underwent a 9-month follow-up using optical coherence tomography (OCT) after EES implantation. @entity413 fluctuation was expressed as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), and was determined via continuous @entity413 monitoring before stenting. At the OCT follow-up, we evaluated the percentage of uncovered struts and three-dimensional uniformity of neointimal distribution by calculating the mean @entity121 ( @entity121 ) within 360 equally-spaced radial sectors for every 1-mm cross-sectional OCT analysis, and assessed the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). RESULTS: We evaluated 60 lesions in 50 @entity1 . Linear mixed effect models were used to explore the influence of different variables on variability in @entity121 and the percentage of uncovered struts and to adjust for covariates. Univariate analysis showed that MAGE was most strongly correlated with the previously mentioned OCT measurements (coefficient b    standard error = 0.267    0.073 and 0.016    0.003, t = 3.668 and 6.092, both P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, MAGE had the strongest effect on variability in @entity121 (coefficient b    standard error = 0.239    0.093, P = 0.014) and the percentage of uncovered struts (coefficient b    standard error = 0.019    0.004, P < 0.001). Five lesions in four @entity1 required @entity75 revascularization (10.0 %) at a mean duration of 9 months after EES implantation. Compared to non-MACE cases, cases of MACE exhibited a significantly higher MAGE (99 vs. 68; P = 0.004), maximum @entity121 (580 vs. 330   m; P = 0.002), and variability in @entity121 (100 vs. 65; P = 0.007), although there was no significant difference in these groups' HbA1c levels. CONCLUSIONS: @entity413 fluctuation may affect vessel healing after EES implantation in @entity1 with @entity453 who are receiving lipid-lowering therapy. Therefore, @entity413 fluctuations may be an important target for secondary prevention after coronary stenting, which is independent of @entity2299 control.

title: Effects of daily XXXX fluctuations on the healing response to @entity2239 -eluting stent implantation as assessed using continuous @entity413 monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['neointimal thickness', 'NIT']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the majority of @entity1 with @entity43 report symptoms prior to diagnosis, little is known about comparative symptom presentation by histological type, stage, grade, or ethnicity. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study including 622 @entity1 with invasive @entity43 diagnosed from 1993 to 2008. Epidemiological and symptom data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Symptoms established as significant predictors of @entity43 were examined in relation to @entity1 and @entity5 characteristics, using unconditional multivariate logistic regression and general linear models. RESULTS: Symptom presentation and duration differed significantly among @entity1 with @entity43 by stage, @entity5 histology, and grade, but not ethnicity. Significant differences were observed by histology in reporting a distended abdomen, abnormal @entity3556 , and bowel symptoms. Compared to @entity1 diagnosed with @entity189 , @entity1 with @entity5 were 2.6 times more likely to report a distended abdomen; @entity1 with @entity4348 were three times more likely to report @entity548 . @entity1 with @entity5 were significantly more likely to report bowel symptoms than were @entity1 diagnosed with other histological types. The majority of @entity1 with @entity5 were diagnosed with advanced @entity5 and had shorter duration of symptoms than @entity1 with early stage disease. In contrast, @entity1 with @entity5 were generally diagnosed at an early stage and had longer duration of symptoms (p=0.009) if diagnosed at an advanced stage. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence that the early diagnosis of @entity43 is largely determined by @entity5 histological type.

title: Symptom presentation in invasive @entity43 by XXXX histological type and grade in a multiethnic population: a case analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'serous tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['serous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for huge @entity157 unsuitable for other therapies. METHODS: Six @entity1 with @entity157 (>10 cm) unsuitable for surgical resection or that failed to respond to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were treated by SBRT. Doses ranged from 32 Gy to 40 Gy in four fractions. Survival, response, and @entity137 were evaluated. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 25.9 months (range 8.1-56 months), three @entity1 had died and three were alive. Overall, treatment was well tolerated and no dose-limiting @entity137 or @entity99 was observed. The median survival was 10 months (range 3-56 months) and the median progression-free duration was 6 months (range, 2-21 months). Partial response was achieved by four @entity1 , stable disease by one, and one @entity1 had disease progression. One @entity1 with a partial response who underwent lobectomy after SBRT was alive 56 months post-SBRT. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that SBRT can be delivered safely at 32-40 Gy in four fractions to huge @entity157 . Furthermore, combinations of SBRT with other modalities such as surgery or TACE might prolong survival.

title: Pilot study of stereotactic body radiotherapy for huge XXXX unsuitable for other therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['very large hepatocellular carcinomas', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['radiation-induced liver disease']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6863 -mutated normal karyotype @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) has recently been included as a provisional entity in the World Health Organization classification. The @entity6863 mutations are heterogeneous, including missense/nonsense base exchanges, frameshift mutations, and insertions/deletions being distributed throughout the gene. One of the genetic alterations within @entity6863 ( @entity26068 ; @entity26069 ) was later suggested to represent an inherited polymorphism. As this is not a simple single nucleotide polymorphism, but a six-base pair insertion that leads to a two @entity535 elongation of the protein, functional implications cannot be excluded. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 1135 @entity3052 @entity1 from selected cytogenetic subgroups for @entity6863 mutations. RESULTS: Besides acquired @entity6863 mutation in 76 cases (6.7%), we detected the @entity26069 polymorphism in 61 of 1135 @entity3052 cases (5.4%). In healthy controls, @entity26069 was detected in a comparable frequency (10 of 187; 5.3%) and therefore is unlikely to be predisposing for @entity3052 . More detailed analysis (taking French-American-British classification subtype, cytogenetics, and etiology into account) showed no preference for the @entity26069 for any subgroup. Prognosis of the @entity3052 with @entity26069 was comparable with @entity3052 without CEBPAmut. In this primary cohort, we never detected coincidence of the @entity26069 and a @entity6863 mutation in the same @entity3052 @entity1 . Validation of these results was performed in an independent cohort of 1131 @entity3052 cases: There were 67 @entity6863 mutations (5.9%) and 55 @entity26069 (4.9%). The @entity26069 was again associated with unmutated @entity6863 alleles. CONCLUSIONS: These results further confirm that the @entity26069 is a polymorphism and illustrate the difficulties that can arise in the differentiation of genetic polymorphisms from malignancy-inducing alterations.

title: A copy number repeat polymorphism in the transactivation domain of the CEPBA gene is possibly associated with a protective effect against acquired XXXX mutations: an analysis in 1135 @entity1 with @entity3052 and 187 healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity6863 :: (1050,Gene) :: ['CEBPA']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: @entity19761 regulates bone remodelling through a decrease of the resorptive process and should therefore ameliorate the remodelling processes active in @entity571 of the @entity2720 (' @entity79 ') and alleviate pain associated with abnormal bone lysis. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the efficacy of @entity19761 , administered as a single infusion at a dose of 1 mg/kg bwt, in the treatment of @entity79 in the @entity1641 . METHODS: A double blind placebo controlled trial on 108 clinical cases of @entity79 was undertaken. The @entity1273 score of the lamest limb was assessed following distal tarsal analgesia of the contralateral limb and followed-up using the same procedure throughout the study. Bone spavin in the lamest limb was confirmed by distal tarsal analgesia and radiography. @entity1641 were treated at Day 0 and reassessed 60 days later after controlled exercise. A second nonblinded treatment was given to unresponsive @entity1641 and all @entity1641 were re-examined at Day 120. Exercise levels were recorded at each examination. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity1641 completed the trial as per the protocol. The @entity19761 @entity1641 were significantly less lame than the placebo @entity1641 (P = 0.0318). @entity1641 treated at Day 60 with @entity19761 showed further improvement in @entity1273 at Day 120 (P = 0.0096 and P = 0.0034 for @entity1641 treated with @entity19761 and placebo at Day 0, respectively). The only significant difference in radiographic findings between @entity19761 and placebo was for presence of periarticular @entity5040 (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity19761 treatment is proven to be effective in @entity79 in @entity1641 in association with a controlled exercise programme. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity19761 in combination with controlled exercise offers an alternate medical treatment for @entity79 .

title: @entity19761 infusion in the treatment of XXXX : a double blind placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity19761 :: ('MESH:C058651', 'Chemical') :: ['Tiludronate', 'tiludronate']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Horses', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone spavin']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['distal tarsal joints']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone spavin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distant @entity3 is the main cause of death from @entity1358 , and the metastatic potential of @entity5 is often unpredictable. We aimed to investigate whether @entity21526 , an oncofetal RNA-binding protein, can be used as a biomarker to predict @entity3 and prognosis of @entity1358 . METHODS: We studied 501 primary and metastatic @entity703 . 371 @entity1 with localised @entity5 were further investigated by use of survival analysis. We assessed @entity21526 expression in @entity5 tissues by immunohistochemistry, and @entity21526 mRNA and protein expression in selected tissues by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis. FINDINGS: Compared with non-metastatic @entity703 , @entity21526 expression was greatly increased not only in @entity5 but also in a subset of @entity5 that were likely to subsequently develop @entity3 . @entity1 with @entity5 that did not express @entity21526 had a longer @entity3 -free survival and overall survival than did those with @entity5 expressing @entity21526 (p<0.0001). @entity1 with @entity21526 -positive localised @entity5 had a much lower 5-year @entity3 -free survival than did those with @entity21526 -negative @entity5 (for stage I @entity5 , 44% vs 98%, hazard ratio 17.18 [95% CI 7.82-37.78]; stage II, 41% vs 94%, 10.14 [3.46-29.68]; stage III, 16% vs 62%, 4.04 [2.23-7.31]). @entity21526 expression was also associated with reduced 5-year overall survival (stage I, 32% vs 89%, 6.44 [3.63-11.42]; stage II, 41% vs 88%, 6.93 [2.63-18.27]; stage III, 14% vs 58%, 3.46 [1.98-6.05]). Multivariable analysis of @entity21526 status (positive vs negative) in @entity5 showed hazard ratios of 5.84 (95% CI 3.60-9.49) for @entity3 -free survival and 4.01 (2.66-6.05) for overall survival (both p<0.0001), which were much higher than hazard ratios associated with other independent risk factors. INTERPRETATION: @entity21526 is an independent prognostic marker that can be used at initial diagnosis of @entity1358 to identify @entity1 who have a high potential to develop @entity3 and who might benefit from early systemic treatment.

title: Analysis of RNA-binding protein XXXX to predict @entity3 and prognosis of @entity1358 : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours', 'metastatic tumours', 'tumours', 'primary localised tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal-cell tumours']

answer: @entity21526 :: (55272,Gene) :: ['IMP3']


abstract: This study was designed to determine the structure of the gene for glycoprotein (GP) @entity1428 , the beta-subunit of the platelet membrane GPIIb-IIIa complex. The complexity of the gene was determined after Southern analysis of @entity1 chromosomal DNA. Overlapping genomic clones were isolated from cosmid and @entity5999 libraries that contained the entire coding unit of the @entity1 gene for the mature @entity1428 protein. The genomic clones spanned approximately 60 kilobase pairs of @entity1 DNA sequence. The exon containing segments of the clones was mapped and the exons, including the exonintron junctions, were sequenced. The @entity1428 protein is divided into 14 exons ranging in size from 87 to 430 nucleotides separated by introns, which were 0.3 to 9 kilobase pairs in size. The 3' exon was larger than 1700 @entity2036 and contained the 3'-untranslated region. Several structural domains of the @entity1428 protein were contained within individual exons. These included (i) the transmembrane spanning segment, (ii) the cytoplasmic region containing the potential phosphorylation sites, and (iii) the six domains in the @entity2733 -terminal half of @entity1428 that are highly conserved between two other integrin beta-subunits. In contrast, other domains such as the four @entity462 -rich repeats were interrupted by introns. Genomic clones for the beta-subunit of the fibronectin receptor ( @entity8652 ) were also isolated, partially mapped, and sequenced. Of the eight splice sites identified in @entity8652 , six occurred at the same @entity535 residue in @entity1428 . These results provide genetic evidence that @entity1428 and @entity8652 have a common evolutionary origin within the integrin family.

title: Characterization of the XXXX platelet glycoprotein IIIa gene. Comparison with the fibronectin receptor beta-subunit gene.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity173 are a large public health problem with significant negative impact on an individual's overall health and survival. But while the total numbers of @entity1 affected by @entity173 may be anticipated to increase, incidence rates appear to be declining. INTRODUCTION: To describe annual @entity173 incidence rate trends in an integrated health-care organization over 1997-2006, during which a proactive bone health program was initiated program-wide and other secular trends occurred in the population. METHODS: For this ecologic trend study, we identified all @entity1 and @entity1 >= 45 years old as of January 1 of each year. Incident @entity174 for each year were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes 820-820.9, excluding all subjects who had @entity174 in prior years. Annual @entity1 -time at risk for @entity173 was determined from enrollment data. Sex- and age-specific and adjusted annual incidence rates were calculated. RESULTS: The overall annual @entity173 incidence rate for @entity1 declined from 1.52/1,000 @entity1 -years in 1997 to 1.29/1,000 @entity1 -years in 2006, a 15.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]=6.2-24.5) decrease. For @entity1 , incidence declined from 2.65/1,000 @entity1 -years in 1997 to 2.24/1,000 @entity1 -years in 2006, a 15.3% (95% CI=8.7-21.9) decrease. Among subjects aged 85 years or older, incidence rates for @entity1 declined from 27.0/1,000 to 18.9/1,000 @entity1 -years, and for @entity1 they declined from 32.7/1,000 to 27.1/1,000 @entity1 -years. CONCLUSION: Hip @entity174 incidence has been declining in all age groups over the past 10 years. While many factors may contribute to this decline, the results are consistent with a potential benefit of the active bone health intervention.

title: Ten-year XXXX incidence rate trends in a large California population, 1997-2006.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: A retrospective analysis was made for 644 @entity1 with @entity1907 newly diagnosed during the time of 1977 to 1985 to evaluate the influence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on the drug response rate and the long-term relapse rate in the treatment of @entity378 . These @entity1 were divided into four groups: (1) 123 @entity1 with @entity6 on 9- to 12-month short course regimens; (2) 79 with @entity6 on 13- to 36-month long-term regimens; (3) 379 @entity7964 @entity1 on short-term regimens; and (4) 63 nondiabetics on long-term regimens. Bacteriological relapse after chemotherapy was defined as positive cultures growing at least 20 or more colonies. 1) Bacteriological negative conversion rates were similar in both @entity6 and @entity7964 @entity1 who had received combination regimens including INH and RFP. The degree of control of @entity6 did not affect the conversion rate. 2) Of 297 @entity1 who had received short-course chemotherapy and the information for analysis were available as of August 1989, 8 (10.3%) had relapses in 78 @entity6 , and @entity1 23 (10.5%) in 219 non- @entity6 @entity1 ; the difference was not statistically significant. There were also no discernible differences in the relapse rates between @entity1 on the short-course regimens and those on the long-term regimens. 3) Most of the relapses occurred around 6 months and 30 months after completing the short-course chemotherapy. Similar pattern of relapses was observed also in the long-term therapy group. 4) Pretreatment radiographic findings and quantity of the acid-fast bacilli in the sputum, and the presence of cavitary lesions at the completion of therapy bore no significant relation to the development of relapse. 5) In the @entity6 @entity1 the degree of control of @entity6 contributed little to the development of recurrence. 6) Although most of the @entity1 without @entity6 relapsed with sensitive strains and achieved a good response to retreatment, @entity6 @entity1 frequently relapsed with resistant strains and had a grave prognosis. 7) Of 41 @entity1 who died after having been on the short-course regimens, two were attributed to @entity378 . Only one was attributed to @entity378 of 25 @entity1 who died after receiving the long-term regimens. 8) The data obtained here confirmed that the 12-month regimen for @entity6 @entity1 could achieve favorable results in the response rate and the long-term relapse rate, as that for @entity7964 @entity1 . However the cases of @entity378 complicated with @entity6 frequently showed a poor prognosis once the relapse took place. These results suggest that @entity5585 -containing 4-drug combination regimens in an initial intensive phase is the preferred treatment for the @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: [Follow-up study of short course chemotherapy of XXXX complicated with @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5585 :: ('MESH:D011718', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrazinamide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess criteria and to identify predictive factors for functional outcome. The criteria should cover all domains proposed by the Remission in @entity161 Working Group. METHOD: PANSS ratings were used to evaluate the symptomatic treatment outcome of 262 inpatients with @entity161 spectrum disorders within a naturalistic multicenter trial. Functional remission was defined as a GAF score >61 (Global Assessment of Functioning Scale), SOFAS score >61 (Social and Occupational Functioning Scale) and a SF-36 mental health subscore >40 (Medical Outcomes Study-Short Form Health Survey). Multivariate logistic regression and CART analyses were used to determine valid clinical and sociodemographic predictors. RESULTS: In total, 52 @entity1 (20%) fulfilled the criteria for functional remission, 125 @entity1 (48%) achieved symptomatic resolution and when criteria for functional remission and symptomatic resolution were combined 33 @entity1 (13%) achieved complete remission. Younger age, employment, a shorter duration of illness, a shorter length of current episode, less suicidality, and a lower PANSS negative and global subscore at admission were predictive of functional remission. The regression model showed a predictive value of more than 80%. CONCLUSIONS: A significant association was found between functional remission and symptomatic resolution, indicating reasonable validity of the proposed definition for functional outcome. The revealed predictors for functional treatment outcome emphasize the need for psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation in @entity161 @entity1 .

title: Defining and predicting functional outcome in @entity161 and XXXX spectrum disorders.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The pathogenesis of @entity358 in the @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) is not clearly understood. @entity32674 and @entity32675 are expressed in fetal lung and play a key role in directing the functional organization and differentiation of lung mesenchyme during branching morphogenesis. We hypothesized that the pulmonary gene expression levels of Slit genes are altered in the @entity25327 -induced @entity2914 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant @entity35 were exposed to either olive oil or @entity25327 on day 9 of gestation (D9). Fetal lungs were harvested on D15 and D21 and divided into 2 groups as follows: @entity2914 (n = 9 at each time-point) and control (n = 9 at each time-point). The pulmonary gene expression levels of @entity32674 , @entity32675 , @entity32676 , and @entity32677 were analyzed by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Student's t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Relative messenger RNA expression levels of @entity32674 and @entity32675 were significantly increased in @entity2914 lungs compared to control at both D15 and D21 (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences between @entity2914 and controls in the pulmonary gene expression levels of @entity32676 and @entity32677 at each time-point. CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence, for the first time, that Slit genes are upregulated in @entity25327 -induced @entity358 in both early and late stages of lung development. Altered pulmonary Slit gene expression may disrupt branching lung morphogenesis resulting in @entity358 .

title: Upregulation of @entity32674 and @entity32675 gene expressions in the XXXX -induced hypoplastic lung.

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypoplasia', 'hypoplastic lungs']

answer: @entity25327 :: (MESH:C007350,Chemical) :: ['nitrofen']


abstract: @entity64 often leads to @entity73 . Over the following months a variable amount of recovery can be seen. The evidence from animal and @entity1 studies suggests that reorganization rather than repair is the key. Surviving neural networks are important for recovery of function and non-invasive techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging allow us to study them in @entity1 . For example, initial attempts to move a paretic limb following @entity64 are associated with widespread activity within the distributed motor system in both cerebral hemispheres, more so in @entity1 with greater impairment. Disruption of activity in premotor areas using transcranial magnetic stimulation prior to movement can impair motor performance in @entity64 @entity1 but not in controls suggesting that these new patterns of brain activity can support recovered function. In other words, this reorganisation is functionally relevant. More recently, research has been directed at understanding how surviving brain regions influence one another during movement. This opens the way for functional brain imaging to become a clinically useful tool in rehabilitation. Understanding the dynamic process of systems level reorganization will allow greater understanding of the mechanisms of recovery and potentially improve our ability to deliver effective restorative therapy.

title: Assessment of cortical reorganisation for hand function after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of hand function']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: When accurately diagnosed, non-massive @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) has a low mortality rate. However, some @entity1 initially considered to be low risk show progressive deterioration. This research aims at developing a preliminary score that allows detection of low risk @entity1 potentially eligible for outpatient treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study involving 142 asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic and hemodynamically stable @entity1 with @entity1151 and no clinical/echocardiographic signs of @entity67 . Collected data: risk factors, analytic/gasometric parameters, admission echocardiogram, thoracic CT angiography. @entity1 followed for 6months. Primary endpoint: 1-month all-cause mortality. Secondary endpoints: Intrahospital and 6-month all-cause mortality. A score designed for identification of very low risk @entity1 eligible for outpatient treatment was developed and its prognostic accuracy compared to that of the Geneva and simplified PESI models. RESULTS: A score for predicting 1-month mortality (Low Risk Pulmonary Embolism Decision [LR-PED] rule) was obtained using Binary Logistic Regression, including: age, @entity955 at admission, previous @entity712 , admission heart rate, @entity1011 , glycaemia, troponin I and C-reactive protein at admission. ROC curve analysis assessed its overall accuracy for predicting 1-month, intrahospital and 6-month mortality (AUC=0.756, 0.763 and 0.854, respectively). Compared to Geneva and simplified PESI, the LR-PED rule showed higher sensitivity and negative predictive value for the detection of the lowest risk @entity1 . The net reclassification improvement index revealed significant successful upward risk reclassification by the LR-PED model of @entity1 reaching primary or secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: LR-PED rule seems more attractive than Geneva or simplified PESI in its ability to identify @entity1 at very low mortality risk who would be potentially eligible for outpatient treatment. Prospective validation of this score in larger cohorts is mandatory before its potential implementation.

title: LR-PED rule: low risk XXXX decision rule - a new decision score for low risk @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous previous studies have shown that individual socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with mortality in @entity1 with @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), but few empirical studies have evaluated the effects of individual SES and @entity1949 on mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study to examine the effect of socioeconomic disparity on all-cause mortality in newly diagnosed @entity1030 @entity1 in a setting with universal health care coverage. We used representative population-based nationwide cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database (2002-2013). We included @entity1 who were at least 40 years old and newly diagnosed with @entity1030 (N  =  9275). To analyze the data, we utilized a frailty model and Cox's proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: A total of 1849 (19.9%) of the 9275 eligible @entity1 died during the study period. Compared to high-income @entity1 from advantaged neighborhoods, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for middle-income @entity1030 @entity1 who lived in advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods was 1.22 (95% CI, 1.03-1.43) and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.15-1.60), respectively. For low-income @entity1 , the adjusted HR for @entity1 who lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods was higher than for @entity1 who lived in advantaged neighborhoods (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.74 vs. HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.66). There was no difference in the adjusted HRs for high-income @entity1 who lived in advantaged and disadvantaged neighborhoods (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic disparity contributes to all-cause mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 and @entity1949 exacerbates the effect of individual SES on all-cause mortality in @entity1030 @entity1 .

title: Effects of individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status on the risk of all-cause mortality in XXXX : A nationwide population-based cohort study, 2002-2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['neighborhood deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is not general agreement concerning the optimal time of reperfusion necessary to assess myocardial function and @entity39 on isolated perfused heart model. Nevertheless, the study of cardioprotection (especially, pre- and postconditioning) requires a reliable and standardized assessment of @entity296 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was thus to evaluate whether 1 h of reperfusion was sufficient to assess @entity35 heart viability on Langendorff preparation. Isolated @entity35 hearts (n = 30) underwent 40 min of global normothermic @entity63 followed by 60 or 120 min Langendorff reperfusion. In each group, hearts were also randomly assigned into the 2 following sub-groups: postconditioning (PostC, consisting in 2 episodes of 30 s @entity63 and 30 s reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion), and control (no intervention). Coronary flow, heart rate, dP/dt and rate-pressure-product were measured. @entity296 was assessed by TTC staining and LDH, CK release analysis. RESULTS: Our results indicated that heart function tended to slightly decrease between 60 min and 120 min reperfusion. @entity1188 size was identical at 60 min and 120 min reperfusion, averaging 33-34% of total LV area in controls versus 17% in PostC (p < 0.001 between control and PostC groups). Similarly, the maximum of enzymatic releases (CK and LDH) measured in coronary effluents was at 60 min of reperfusion, followed by a progressive decrease at 90 min and 120 min. As expected, postconditioning limited enzymatic releases whatever the studied time of reperfusion. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we showed that prolonged reperfusion beyond 60 min was not useful for function assessment and did not change @entity1188 size measurement, on Langendorff @entity35 model of @entity63 -reperfusion.

title: One hour reperfusion is enough to assess function and @entity1188 size with TTC staining in Langendorff XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis', 'Myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The fibronectin, collagen type I, and collagen type III genes code for three major proteins of the cell matrix. The age-related alterations in their expression were measured during the in vitro lifespan of @entity1707 skin fibroblasts. We observed changes in the transcription rate of these specific genes during ageing. The levels of fibronectin and @entity22570 mRNA rose markedly during the senescence phase. The level of collagen type I mRNA decreased during cell ageing, while that of @entity28249 did not change. As regards proteins, we observed a sharp increase in the secreted noncollagenous proteins and in the total proteins of the cell layer during senescence. On the contrary, the secretion of the collagenous proteins decreased during senescence. Moreover, most of the newly synthesized molecules of collagen were immediately degraded in the cells, before their extracellular secretion. The terminal phenotype of @entity1707 senescent cells was therefore characterized by overexpression of fibronectin and @entity22570 genes and reduced expression of the type I collagen gene. Surprisingly, for fibronectin and @entity22570 , that terminal phenotype resembled the one normally found in the fibroblasts during the processes of tissue repair, cicatrization, and development.

title: Fibronectin and collagen gene expression during in vitro ageing of XXXX skin fibroblasts.

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']