abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2720 is an underdiagnosed condition. Several published cohorts have reported favorable mid-term outcomes after SIJ fusion using @entity702 implants placed across the SIJ. Herein we report long-term (24-month) results from a prospective multicenter clinical trial. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-two subjects at 26 US sites with @entity2720 were enrolled and underwent minimally invasive @entity2720 with triangular @entity702 implants. Subjects underwent structured assessments preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months postoperatively, including SIJ @entity158 ratings (0-100 visual analog scale), @entity717 Index (ODI), Short Form-36 (SF-36), EuroQOL-5D (EQ-5D), and @entity1 satisfaction. Adverse events were collected throughout follow-up. All participating @entity1 underwent a high-resolution pelvic CT scan at 1 year. RESULTS: Mean subject age was 50.9 years and 69.8% were @entity1 . SIJ @entity158 was present for an average of 5.1 years prior to surgical treatment. SIJ @entity158 decreased from 79.8 at baseline to 30.4 at 12 months and remained low at 26.0 at 24 months (p<.0001 for change from baseline). ODI decreased from 55.2 at baseline to 31.5 at 12 months and remained low at 30.9 at 24 months (p<.0001 for change from baseline). Quality of life (SF-36 and EQ-5D) improvements seen at 12 months were sustained at 24 months. The proportion of subjects taking opioids for SIJ or low back @entity158 decreased from 76.2% at baseline to 55.0% at 24 months (p <.0001). To date, 8 subjects (4.7%) have undergone one or more revision SIJ surgeries. 7 device-related adverse events occurred. CT scan at one year showed a high rate (97%) of bone adherence to at least 2 implants on both the iliac and sacral sides with modest rates of bone growth across the SIJ. CONCLUSIONS: In this study of @entity1 with @entity2720 , minimally invasive @entity2720 using triangular @entity702 implants showed marked improvements in @entity158 , disability and quality of life at 2 years. Imaging showed that bone apposition to implants was common but radiographic evidence of intraarticular fusion within the joint may take more than 1 year in many @entity1 . This prospective multicenter clinical trial was approved by local or regional IRBs at each center prior to first @entity1 enrollment. Informed consent with IRB-approved study-specific consent forms was obtained from all @entity1 prior to participation.

title: Triangular XXXX Implants for Minimally Invasive Sacroiliac Joint Fusion: 2-Year Follow-Up from a Prospective Multicenter Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) dysfunction', 'SIJ dysfunction', 'SI joint fusion', 'SI joint dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['Titanium']


abstract: @entity2488 in blunt @entity764 are rare--the incidence is about 1%--but potentially life-threatening events. Indirect signs such as pneumothorax, @entity14303 , @entity9285 or an insufficient expansion of the lungs after drainage of a pneumothorax are ominous. The fastest and most reliable method to assess the definite diagnosis of tracheo-bronchial lesion is fibre-optic tracheobronchoscopy. Early surgical treatment is mandatory to prevent major pulmonary resection. This case shows that computer tomography might fail to provide the right diagnosis. Independent lung ventilation is an option to protect the bronchial @entity254 during the early postoperative period. Reported here is the case of a young @entity1 who sustained a total traumatic @entity397 of the right main stem bronchus after being thrown from the passenger seat through the windshield of a motor vehicle. When the emergency doctor arrived on the scene, he found the @entity1 with dyspnoea and massive @entity9285 . Reduced breath sounds on the left and no breath sounds on the right side led to an immediate placement of two chest tubes and controlled mechanical ventilation. After primary care in a district hospital, the @entity1 was transferred to our university hospital for further treatment of his @entity542 . On admission, the @entity1 was making breath sounds on both sides and a CT scan showed no clear sign of a tracheo-bronchial lesion. After neurosurgical intervention, the diagnosis of a @entity397 of the right main stem bronchus was made with delay by fibre-optic bronchoscopy. The @entity1 was intubated with a left-sided double lumen endotracheal tube followed by surgical end-to-end @entity254 of the lesion. The initial postoperative ventilator support consisted of BIPAP-mode ventilation of the left lung, while the right lung was kept open with positive airway pressure. Forty-eight hours later, synchronised independent lung ventilation with two ventilators was established to protect the surgical result. The ventilation was switched to conventional mode a further 48 hours later. Extubation and the remaining ICU stay were uneventful.

title: [Blunt XXXX with total @entity397 of the right main stem bronchus--a case report].

entities_list: @entity9285 :: ('MESH:D013352', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic subcutaneous emphysema', 'subcutaneous emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheo-bronchial lesions']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity14303 :: ('MESH:D008478', 'Disease') :: ['pneumomediastinum']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest trauma']


abstract: Heparin is one of the most frequently used anticoagulants. It is easy to use, but can be associated with life-threatening side effects. One of these is @entity882 ( @entity882 ), which develops in about 3-5% of @entity1 exposed to heparin and is associated with @entity715 in 1% of cases. We report here the successful treatment of five @entity1 with @entity882 who were treated with alternative anticoagulants namely danaparoid or hirudin. The median time between their exposure to heparin and onset of symptoms and or signs was 10.2 days (range 7-14 days). Platelet counts decreased to a mean of 38.4 x 10(9) /l (12-82 x 10(9)/l). All five @entity1 had evidence of @entity715 ; four @entity1 had clinical and radiological evidence of @entity1151 , one @entity1 had confirmed @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and one @entity1 had extensive @entity39 of the thighs and abdomen. Platelet aggregation test were positive in two @entity1 , inconclusive in one @entity1 and negative in two @entity1 . Two patients were anticoagulated with danaparoid and three with hirudin until their platelet counts returned to normal between 4 and 14 days (average 6 days) following the recognition of the syndrome. Our @entity1 had significant morbidity, but no mortality. Immediate withdrawal of heparin is of paramount importance and introduction of alternative anticoagulant is necessary in the presence of @entity715 .

title: Successful Use of Alternative Anticoagulants in the Management of Heparin-induced XXXX with @entity715 Complications: Report of 5 cases and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome', 'HITS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytopenia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cnidarian, or jellyfish, stings are a common @entity5511 in tropical Emergency Departments. There are limited studies examining cnidarian stings in the United States. The team investigated the epidemiology and treatments for jellyfish stings presenting to an urban @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in Honolulu, Hawai'i. METHODS: The team performed a retrospective chart analysis of stings presented between 2000 and 2008. A total of 116 @entity1 were identified. Charts were reviewed for @entity1 demographics, incident characteristics, @entity1 @entity558 , and treatments given in the @entity341 . RESULTS: The median age was 24 years (range 9-85). Of @entity1 58% were @entity1 , 64% were Hawai'i non-residents, and 23 % arrived between the hours of 10pm and 2 am. Emergency Medical System transported 64%, and 65% arrived with normal vital signs. Twenty-four different types of IV/PO medications were administered and @entity1 received up to 5 different medications per visit. Intravenous medications were given to 64%. All @entity1 were eventually discharged home from the @entity341 . DISCUSSION: Risk factors for cnidarian stings include being @entity1 , being a Hawai'i non-resident, and nighttime ocean activities. Stings were treated with various medications and routes suggesting that there is no current standard of care for stings. This study suggests that there is a need for public health interventions tailored to tourists. Prevention and education of home treatment could decrease the cost of health care by decreasing ambulance transports and total number of @entity341 visits for a non-urgent disease.

title: Epidemiology of jellyfish stings presented to an American urban XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['arrival condition']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: The up-to-seven (Up-to-7) criteria [with 7 being the sum of the size and number of @entity5 for any given @entity157 ( @entity157 )] have been recently proposed to identify potential candidates for liver transplantation (LT) among @entity1 exceeding the Milan criteria. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the available pathologic staging systems (the Milan, University of California San Francisco, and Up-to-7 criteria) to predict recurrence. A study population of 479 @entity157 transplanted @entity1 was identified from prospectively collected databases at Mount Sinai Medical Center (New York, NY) and the University of Padua (Padua, Italy). The best pathologic staging system was identified with log rank, proportion separation index (PSEP), and Cox analyses. @entity5 characteristics ( @entity5 number, @entity5 size, sum of diameters, macroscopic and microscopic vascular invasion, and grading) were then tested by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses in the prognostic subgroups within and beyond the calculated criteria. The Up-to-7 criteria performed as the best pathologic staging system, the calculated 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence probabilities being 4%, 8%, and 14% within the criteria (n = 355) and 22%, 45%, 51% beyond the criteria (n = 124; P < 0.0001) and the calculated PSEP being 0.27 (95% confidence interval = 0.23-0.31). In multivariate analysis, only biological variables (vascular invasion and @entity5 grade) significantly predicted recurrence beyond the Up-to-7 criteria. A 3-stage pathologic staging system with a potential to be applied in the preoperative setting was thus created: within the Up-to-7 criteria (recurrence rate = 8%), beyond the Up-to-7 criteria without @entity3 and poorly differentiated grade (recurrence rate = 24%), and beyond the Up-to-7 criteria with @entity3 and/or poorly differentiated grade (recurrence rate = 45%). In conclusion, @entity157 @entity1 within the pathologic Up-to-7 criteria were associated with a low risk of recurrence after LT. Beyond these criteria, however, a significant proportion of @entity1 with a good @entity157 biological profile had an acceptable risk of recurrence.

title: Predicting recurrence after liver transplantation in XXXX with @entity157 exceeding the up-to-seven criteria.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Pathologic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['macrovascular invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell @entity5 . Although Fc-dependent mechanisms of mAb-mediated @entity5 clearance have been extensively studied, the ability of mAbs to directly evoke @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in the target cell and the underlying mechanisms involved remain under-investigated. We recently demonstrated that certain mAbs (type II anti- @entity2225 and anti-HLA DR mAbs) potently evoked @entity204 through an actin-dependent, lysosome-mediated process. Here, we reveal that the induction of @entity204 by these mAbs, including the type II anti- @entity2225 mAb GA101 (obinutuzumab), directly correlates with their ability to produce reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity1 @entity1892 cell lines and primary @entity1072 cells. ROS scavengers abrogated mAb-induced @entity204 indicating that ROS are required for the execution of cell death. ROS were generated downstream of mAb-induced actin cytoskeletal reorganization and lysosome membrane permeabilization. ROS production was independent of mitochondria and unaffected by @entity588 overexpression. Instead, ROS generation was mediated by @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase. These findings provide further insights into a previously unrecognized role for @entity1110 oxidase-derived ROS in mediating nonapoptotic @entity204 evoked by mAbs in B-cell @entity5 . This newly characterized cell death pathway may potentially be exploited to eliminate malignant cells, which are refractory to conventional chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

title: Antibody-induced nonapoptotic cell death in XXXX lymphoma and leukemia cells is mediated through a novel reactive @entity26 species-dependent pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'programmed cell death']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity151 entered a phase II trial testing the feasibility of adding high dose @entity1259 (100-120 mg/m2, day 1) in combination with @entity2879 (60-80 mg/m2, days 1-5) and @entity900 (70 mg/m2, day 1) courses repeated every three weeks. Complete responders received thoracic (40 Gy) and prophylactic cranial (30 Gy) irradiation. Sixteen @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting side effect. @entity221 was observed in eight @entity1 (53%) and @entity3136 in six (40%). No @entity1 had a greater than 14% decline in the cardiac ejection fraction. Strict adherence to the dose-schedule designed was impossible as doses were trimmed and delayed in 30% of instances. The overall objective response rate was 81% (95% confidence limits, 62% to 100%), in limited disease there were complete remissions in 57%. With a 16 months median follow-up, overall median survival was 13 months. This study was unable to prove the feasibility of @entity1259 escalation when added to @entity2879 - @entity900 combination, hampering the dose-intensification Norton-Simon model test.

title: Phase II feasibility study of high dose @entity1259 plus @entity2879 and @entity900 (HDEEC) regimen in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Study on Y chromosomal @entity16619 region deletions in Slovak population, application of DNA technique. DESIGN: Genetic-prospective study. SETTING: Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava. METHODS: For detecting microdeletions in the Y-chromosomal @entity16619 region in @entity1 with @entity74 and for identifying Y-specific sequences we used the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with using three different sets of sY sequences. For a verification of the specific type of deletion we used also fluorescently labeled kit. RESULTS: Diagnoses of referred @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: @entity3893 , @entity6660 . In the followed-up group of 822 @entity1 there were 349 @entity1 with @entity3893 , 473 @entity1 with @entity6660 . Globally we reported 38 cases of deletions in the @entity16619 region of the Y chromosome, i.e. 4.62%. 24 @entity1 with deletion are from the group of @entity1 with @entity3893 , i.e. 6.88%, 14 @entity1 are from the group of @entity1 with @entity6660 (2.95%). Considering particular types of deletions we recorded deletions in each region, AZFa, AZFb and AZFc, combinated AZFbc deletion, but also a complete deletion of the whole @entity16619 region. CONCLUSION: The study confirmed that detection of microdeletions of the @entity16619 region is significant from diagnostic and prognostic view and it pointed out the importance of selection criteria for selecting @entity1 .

title: [DNA analysis on Y chromosomal XXXX region deletions in Slovak population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fertility disorders']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

answer: @entity16619 :: (560,Gene) :: ['AZF']


abstract: Parents from four practices were surveyed to ascertain reactions of @entity1 to diphtheria-pertussis- @entity116 (DPT) vaccine in the 48 hours after immunization. Vaccines were administered according to current recommendations. Responses were scored in three categories: temperature, behavioral changes, and local reactions. Questionnaires were returned by 1,232 (84.9%) @entity1 . Only 7.0% reported no reaction, while 336 (27.3%) reported mild, 722 (58.6%) moderate, and 88 (7.1%) severe reactions. Over 50% experienced temperatures of at least 100 F, and 80% noted behavioral changes; 72.2% had local reactions. No @entity198 , @entity410 , or hospitalizations were reported. Reactogenicity was similar for the five immunizations of the recommended series and the two manufacturers evaluated. Reported reactions in the control group were significantly lower than in the study group. These reaction rates underline the need to reevaluate present DPT vaccines.

title: Diphtheria-pertussis- XXXX vaccine: reactogenicity of commercial products.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to determine whether telomerase activity measured in samples of tumoral tissue, transitional mucosa, and normal mucosa from @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 is a prognostic factor for recurrence and overall survival. METHODS: Telomerase activity was determined by fluorescence-based @entity10205 in tissue samples from 108 @entity1 with sporadic @entity14 . A telomerase index was determined by using the formula log (telomerase activity of @entity5 tissue - telomerase activity of normal mucosa). RESULTS: Mean telomerase activity in tumoral tissue was 11.49 (total product generated), in transitional mucosa it was 1.51, and in normal mucosa it was 1.09 (P < 0.001). Telomerase activity and telomerase index were not correlated with clinicopathologic factors. @entity5 @entity1 ' recurrence-free survival was related to N classification (P = 0.004) and to @entity5 -node-metastases stage classification (P = 0.023) and telomerase index 0.85 (P = 0.023). Overall survival was associated with N classification (positive/negative) and telomerase index (</=0.85 or >0.85; P = 0.018 and P = 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of telomerase activity has a diagnostic value in colorectal @entity1 . In @entity5 , telomerase index is an independent prognostic factor for disease progression. A telomerase index</=0.85 and negative nodes can be used to predict disease progression.

title: Telomerase activity is a prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10205 :: ('MESH:C536801', 'Disease') :: ['telomeric repeat amplification']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity308 are among the most common @entity146 . For severely @entity308 @entity1 , day clinic and inpatient settings represent important treatment options. However, little is known about @entity1 ' perceptions of the different levels of care. This study aimed to obtain an in-depth analysis of @entity308 @entity1 ' experiences of day clinic and inpatient treatment in a combined clinical setting. METHODS: Following a randomized controlled trial comparing day clinic and inpatient psychotherapy for @entity308 (Dinger et al. in Psychother Psychosom 83:194-195, 2014), a sample of @entity308 @entity1 (n  =  35) was invited to participate in a semi-structured interview during an early follow up 4  weeks after discharge. A qualitative analysis of interview transcripts was performed following the principles of constructivist thematic analysis. RESULTS: Following analysis, 1355 single codes were identified from which five main categories and 26 themes were derived for both groups. In regard to @entity1 group integration and skill transfer to everyday life, distinct differences could be observed between the day clinic and inpatient group. CONCLUSION: While adjustment to therapeutic setting and @entity1 group integration seem to be facilitated by inpatient treatment, the day clinical setting appears to promote treatment integration into @entity1 ' everyday contexts, aiding treatment-related skill transfer to everyday life as well as alleviating discharge from clinic treatment. Further studies on @entity308 subject groups in day clinic and inpatient treatment should investigate aspects of group cohesion and treatment integration in relation to therapeutic outcome.

title: Day clinic and inpatient psychotherapy of XXXX (DIP-D): qualitative results from a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressive disorders', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: The expression of @entity32879 was investigated in @entity189 of @entity1494 and in normal @entity1494 samples. The effects of @entity32879 on cell proliferation, motility, and invasion were further explored in @entity150 cell line 5637. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity32879 in 20 @entity150 samples and 7 normal @entity1494 samples were detected by Western blot. Fibuin-5 cDNA was cloned into p-EGFP-N1 vector and transfected into @entity150 cell line 5637. Growth curves were estimated by the @entity2454 assay and cell number count. The migration and invasion of the transfected cells and the control cells were measured by Boyden chamber assay. RESULTS: Compared with 1.16    0.28 in the normal control, the mean    SD expression of @entity32879 in low grade @entity5 and high grade @entity5 were 0.57    0.32 and 0.44    0.42 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018, respectively), while the expression in Ta-T1 @entity5 and T2+ @entity5 were 0.55    0.31 and 0.49    0.43 (P = 0.002 and P = 0.015, respectively). The differences between low grade and high grade @entity5 or Ta-T1 and T2+ @entity5 were not statistically significant (P = 0.362 and P = 0.589, respectively). The growth rate of the @entity32879 transfected GFP-F5 cells was remarkably reduced than that of the untransfected cells or the empty vector transfected GFP-t cells. Besides, compared with control cells, the GFP-F5 cells showed significant inhibition of cell invasion with slight inhibition of cell migration. CONCLUSIONS: @entity32879 is down-regulated in @entity189 of @entity1494 and acts as a @entity5 suppressor gene by inhibiting proliferation and invasion of @entity150 cells.

title: @entity32879 is down-regulated in @entity189 of XXXX and inhibits growth and invasion of human @entity150 cell line 5637.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder']


abstract: In a 10-year review of the records of 146 young male @entity1 suspected of @entity370 on the basis of radiographic intrathoracic changes, the chest X-ray findings have been analysed in relation to the results of different biopsies. Most of the @entity1 were military @entity1 , and almost all were apparently affected by the disease. Sixty-six per cent had bilateral @entity3329 (BHL) only, 12% had isolated @entity358 and 22% had both BHL and @entity358 . In all @entity1 at least one biopsy was performed, in most cases a scalene fat pad biopsy and/or a liver biopsy. Epitheloid cell @entity738 were demonstrated in 86 biopsies from 64 of the 146 @entity1 . @entity738 were obtained more frequently by scalene fat pad biopsies than by liver biopsies in the same group of @entity1 . During the first 4--5 years of the 10-year period the scalene fat pad biopsies were done in local anesthesia in different general surgical departments without special experience of this biopsy procedure. In the last 5--6 years the scalene fat pad biopsies were done in general anaesthesia in a head and neck surgical department specially trained in this biopsy technique. @entity738 were obtained more frequently in the latter than in the former group. The highest frequency of @entity738 was found among @entity1 with both BHL and @entity358 . Of the 71 @entity1 in whom liver biopsy was performed, 43% had @entity738 in the liver. A few @entity1 had signs--although only slight--of liver affection. The results of the different biopsies are discussed in relation to the clinical picture. It is concluded that scalene fat pad biopsy in some cases can still be of some diagnostic aid in @entity1 with radiographic intrathoracic changes suspected of @entity370 , although this type of biopsy has to a great extent been replaced by biopsy through mediastinoscopy. Furthermore it is concluded that comparison of different biopsies in one and the same @entity1 could elucidate a possible relationship between the radiographic intrathoracic manifestations and the occurrence of @entity738 in different intra- and extra-thoracic tissues. In this study there were only few and insignificant complications of the biopsies.

title: XXXX . A clinical study with special reference to the choice of biopsy procedure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['hilar lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomas', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['Sarcoidosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine occurrence and reasons of contact between company doctors and treating physicians with respect to @entity1 absent with @entity1643 for three months. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHOD: A cohort of employees who were absent for 3 months with back @entity158 were selected according to defined criteria. A questionnaire about medical status and communication with treating physicians was sent to their company doctors. RESULTS: The company doctors of 300 of 467 employees participated. In 19% of the employees the company doctor contacted the curative sector (56 contacts had taken place, 14 were planned). The contact consisted almost always of exchange of information and less frequently of co-operation towards a mutual policy. In almost 50% of the cases the company doctors regarded the clinical waiting period, length of treatment and opinion of the curative sector as disincentives to return to work. Psychosocial factors such as @entity458 , work-related motivation, private problems and a conflict between employer and employee all were mentioned less frequently. Although contacts were slightly more frequent when psychosocial factors, treatment or opinion of the curative sector inhibited return to work, only disincentives such as work-related motivation, motivation to return to work and the waiting period were significantly associated with the contact frequency. CONCLUSION: The communication rate between company doctors and the curative sector in employees long absent with back @entity158 is low. Communication consists of exchange of information rather than co-operation towards a mutual policy. Although according to many company doctors the curative sector plays an inhibitive role in return to work, they do not communicate accordingly.

title: [Little communication between company doctors and private physicians with respect to hindrances to return to work after prolonged absence from work because of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological problems']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: Systemic exposure to high-dose @entity1863 has been correlated with efficacy and @entity137 after hematopoietic cell transplantation for @entity5 . We used the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) to prospectively determine the maximally tolerated systemic exposure to i.v. @entity1863 when given once daily after @entity3118 administered at 40 mg/m(2) for 4 days. Three target AUC levels were planned: 6,000, 7,500, and 9,000  M-min. Included were @entity1 16 to 65 years old, with a @entity1583 , an @entity1529 , B, or C, @entity6103 8/8 or 7/8 matched donor, Karnofsky performance status >= 70%, and adequate organ function. For level 1 @entity1 , i.v. @entity1863 doses 1 and 2 were 170 mg/m(2)/day, then doses 3 and 4 were adjusted based on first-dose pharmacokinetic modeling to achieve an average daily AUC of 6,000  M-min. Doses 1 and 2 for the subsequent cohorts were based on the level 1 data: 180 mg/m(2)/day for AUC 7,500  M-min (level  2) and 220 mg/m(2)/day for AUC 9,000  M-min (level 3), with pharmacokinetic targeting for doses 3 and 4. Pharmacokinetic analysis after the last dose showed that 88% of the @entity1 had been exposed to a mean AUC within 10% of the target. Forty @entity1 were treated at level 1, 29 @entity1 at level 2, and three @entity1 at level 3. DLT was @entity5501 , which occurred in none of 40 @entity1 (0%) at level 1, two of 29 @entity1 (7%) at level 2, and three of three @entity1 (100%) at level 3. @entity1909 (P < .01) and @entity358 (P = .01) were also increased at higher AUC levels. Level 2 (7,500  M-min * 4 days) was the maximally tolerated AUC. Within the confines of the trial's small sample size, there was no suggestion that escalating @entity1863 AUC from 6,000 to 7,500  M-min * 4 days increased nonrelapse mortality. Assessment of the higher @entity1863 AUC on relapse prevention requires trials in @entity1 with a homogeneous risk of relapse.

title: Maximally tolerated @entity1863 systemic exposure in combination with XXXX as conditioning before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease of the liver']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatitis']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic anterior resection with open operation for mid and upper @entity5 . METHODS: A total of 265 @entity1 who underwent elective laparoscopic or open anterior resection for @entity5 of the mid and upper rectum from June 2000 to December 2004 were included. Data about the @entity1 ' demographics, operative details, postoperative outcome, and disease status were collected prospectively. Comparison of the outcome between laparoscopic and open resection was performed. RESULTS: The median age of the 265 @entity1 was 69 (range, 27-91) years, and laparoscopic anterior resection was performed in 98 @entity1 (37 percent). There was no difference in the age, gender, comorbidities, and level of @entity5 between the two groups. The operating time was longer in the laparoscopic group (200 vs. 127 minutes; P < 0.01), but the @entity190 was less (200 vs. 250 ml; P = 0.027). The overall operative mortality was 1.8 percent, and the complication rate was 27.9 percent. Significantly more @entity1 with @entity66 (Stage I and Stage II) were operated with laparoscopic approach. There was no difference in the mortality or morbidity between the two groups. @entity834 occurred in five @entity1 with open resection and one with laparoscopic resection (P = 0.418). @entity1 with laparoscopic resection had an earlier return of bowel function and earlier resumption of diet as well as a shorter median hospital stay (7 vs. 8 days; P < 0.001). With the median follow-up of the surviving @entity1 for 21.2 months, the three-year local recurrence rates for those with open and laparoscopic resection were 4.9 and 3.3 percent, respectively (P = 0.513). In @entity1 with Stage I and Stage II disease, the three-year @entity5 -specific survivals for open and laparoscopic resection were 89.8 and 88.6 percent, respectively (P = 0.882), whereas those of @entity1 with @entity5 were 65.6 and 55.5 percent, respectively (P = 0.911). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic anterior resection for mid and proximal @entity5 is a safe option with short-term advantages compared with open operation. The oncologic outcomes of @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic anterior resection were not compromised, with similar local recurrence rate and the @entity5 -specific survival rate as @entity1 who underwent open resection.

title: Laparoscopic and open anterior resection for upper and mid XXXX : an evaluation of outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early diseases']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage III disease', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: @entity23042 , produced in the hypothalamus, acts on pituitary gonadotropes to stimulate release of the gonadotropins LH and FSH. Reduced responsiveness of gonadotropes to @entity23042 is a primary cause of @entity6126 ( @entity6126 ), a disease characterized by @entity10844 and low blood levels of gonadotropins. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the receptor for @entity23042 ( @entity23042 ) are a common cause of @entity6126 . Sequencing of the @entity23042 gene in @entity1 with @entity6126 revealed mainly point mutations producing single @entity535 substitutions that cause misfolding and misrouting of this G protein-coupled receptor. To generate a @entity19 model that mimics the @entity1 disease, we introduced a single @entity535 substitution ( @entity34703 ) into the @entity19 @entity12103 gene, which is identical to a known @entity1 recessive mutation. In @entity1 , @entity34703 causes severe @entity6126 by preventing formation of the E90-K121 salt bridge, which is essential for correct folding. In cell cultures, @entity34703 causes misfolding that leads to almost complete retention by the protein quality control system and subsequent degradation. Here we report that the primary phenotype of @entity19 homozygous for @entity34703 is female infertility due to @entity177 . Mutant males are fertile despite reduced gonadotropin levels and smaller testes. These results suggest decreased @entity23042 receptor signaling in the mutant animal, compared with wild type. Our findings suggest that a threshold level of @entity23042 receptor activity is required for ovulation.

title: XXXX harboring @entity12103 @entity34703 , a mutation that causes protein misfolding and @entity6126 in @entity1 , exhibit testis size reduction and @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity34703 :: ('p|SUB|E|90|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E90K']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ovulation failure']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['HH', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: 1. The effect of @entity6883 ( @entity855 ) on surfactant phospholipid secretion, @entity460 mobilization, and the time course for recovery of the response system was studied in isolated alveolar Type II cells of the @entity35 . 2. @entity855 (10 microM) stimulated a biphasic intracellular @entity141 transient monitored by changes in @entity593 fluorescence, from a basal level of 126 +/- 9 nM, to a rapid peak of 391 +/- 1 nM, followed by a prolonged plateau 26 +/- 4 nM above baseline (mean +/- s.e.mean, n = 26). 3. @entity855 -stimulated surfactant phospholipid secretion and peak @entity141 levels had similar EC50s (1 x 10(-6) M), and were unaffected by chelation of extracellular @entity141 . However, the prolonged plateau phase was abolished by chelation of extracellular @entity141 . 4. There was a 15 min refractory period before full recovery of the @entity141 -response to @entity855 . Recovery was dependent on extracellular @entity141 , was accelerated by removing extracellular agonist and was prolonged following stimulation with the poorly hydrolyzed @entity855 analogue, @entity855 -gamma-S. 5. While the Type II cell was capable of multiple @entity855 -induced @entity141 transients following recovery, no additional surfactant phospholipid was released with sequential stimulation. 6. These findings suggest initial exposure of Type II cells to @entity855 mobilizes intracellular @entity141 , stimulates phospholipid secretion and rapidly desensitizes the cell to further stimulation by @entity855 . Recovery of the @entity855 -induced @entity141 -response depends on presence of extracellular @entity141 and removal of agonist.

title: @entity460 mobilization and response recovery following P2-purinoceptor stimulation of XXXX isolated alveolar type II cells.

entities_list: @entity6883 :: ('CHEBI:15422', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-triphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow are the commonest cause of @entity1644 . Spinal arachnopathies may lead to CSF flow obstructions but are difficult to diagnose. Consequently, associated @entity1644 are often categorized as idiopathic. OBJECTIVE: To present and analyze the diagnosis of and long-term outcomes in an observational study of @entity1 with nontraumatic arachnopathies from 1991 to 2011. METHODS: A total of288 @entity1 (mean age, 47    15 years; follow-up, 54    46 months) were evaluated. Decompression with arachnolysis, untethering, and duraplasty for restoration of CSF flow was recommended to @entity1 with neurological progression. Neurological examinations, magnetic resonance images, and follow-up data were evaluated. Individual symptoms were analyzed during the first postoperative year, and long-term outcomes were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier statistics to determine rates of progression-free survival. RESULTS: In total,189 @entity1 either refused an operation or were managed conservatively for lack of progression. Among 79 unoperated @entity1 with follow-up information available for up to 8 years, 2 @entity1 deteriorated. Ninety-nine @entity1 with progressive symptoms underwent 116 operations: 108 decompressions and 8 other surgeries. Three months postoperatively, 53% considered their status improved and 37% were unchanged. In the long term, surgery on arachnopathies limited to 2 spinal segments was followed by progression-free survival for 78% over 10 years, in contrast to 31% with extensive arachnopathies. CONCLUSION: Surgery on nontraumatic arachnopathies related to @entity1644 should be reserved for @entity1 with progressive symptoms. Arachnolysis, untethering, and duraplasty provide good long-term results for focal arachnopathies. For extensive pathologies with a history of @entity510 or @entity693 , treatment remains a major challenge.

title: Treatment of XXXX related to nontraumatic arachnoid pathologies of the spinal canal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia', 'syringomyelias']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4261 is a localized disorder of the skeleton characterized by increased osteoclastic activity. While the prevalence in the Western Population is 1-2%, the prevalence in India is not known. We studied the clinical profile, biochemical parameters, bone scans, therapeutic details and follow up data of @entity1 with @entity4261 , attending the Endocrinology outpatient clinic in our institution. METHODS: A retrospective review was done of the medical records of 51 @entity1 seen in a tertiary referral centre in Southern India from 1995 to 2003. The data was analyzed using SPSS 9.0 software package. RESULTS: There were a total of 51 @entity1 (41 male and 10 female). The mean age at presentation was 56 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 43 months. At least 6 months of follow-up was available in 31 @entity1 and longer term (>2 years) follow-up in 22 @entity1 . The symptoms at presentation were @entity158 in 65%, low backache in 37%, @entity85 in 33%, pathological @entity174 in 20%, @entity613 in 4%, @entity2319 and @entity135 in 7% and @entity1290 in 4% of subjects. Five @entity1 (9.8%) were asymptomatic and were incidentally diagnosed during evaluation of an elevated alkaline phosphatase. The mean serum alkaline phosphatase (range and SD) at the time of presentation was 690 IU/L (91-3873 U/L, 698 U/L). There was no statistically significant difference in the serum alkaline phosphatase values between female and male @entity1 (576 U/L versus 718 U/L). Polyostotic involvement was seen in 90.2% of the @entity1 . The pattern of skeletal involvement was very similar to that described in the Western literature. Twenty @entity1 were started on @entity175 and of these, 13 @entity1 were later changed over to @entity171 to induce remission. In all, thirty six subjects received @entity561 and of them, 31 received lower doses (10-20mg/day). All the treated @entity1 showed a good clinical and biochemical improvement. Two @entity1 with severe @entity22497 involvement of the bone who also had neurologic symptoms ( @entity158 in one and @entity1971 in the other) needed intravenous @entity5279 to obtain a rapid response in the initial phase of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, @entity4261 had a male predominance. The clinical presentation and the pattern of skeletal involvement was similar to the Western series. Serum alkaline phosphatase declined by 40% at 6 months of therapy and by 64% by one year of treatment in @entity1 who were on lower doses of @entity561 (10-20 mg/day) in our series, which is similar to what has been described with conventional doses (40 mg per day) in the Western series.

title: XXXX : experience from a centre in southern India.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head enlargement']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain', 'root pains']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina lesion']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal deformities']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease of bone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that @entity5 stem cells play an important role in @entity5 initiation and maintenance. Additionally, the effect of tissue-resident stem cells located in the surrounding healthy tissue on @entity5 progression has been demonstrated. While most knowledge has been derived from studies of @entity0 cells, little is known regarding the influence of tissue resident stem cells on the @entity5 biology of @entity263 . METHODS: Twenty male athymic Swiss nu/nu @entity19 (age: 6-8 weeks) were randomized into two treatment groups: (1) subcutaneous injection of 10(6) MDA PCa 118b @entity1 @entity263 cells into the upper back or (2) subcutaneous injection of 10(6) MDA PCa 118b cells mixed directly with 10(5) GFP-labeled @entity1 adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs). Tumor growth and volumes over the ensuing 3 weeks were assessed using calipers and micro-computed tomography. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify engrafted hASCs in @entity5 sections. RESULTS: At 3 weeks after injection, the mean @entity5 volume in the MDA PCa 118b/hASC co-injection group (1019.95        73.49   mm(3)) was significantly higher than that in the MDA PCa 118b-only group (308.70        21.06   mm(3)). Engrafted hASCs exhibited the nuclear marker of proliferation Ki67 and expressed markers for endothelial differentiation, indicating their engraftment in @entity5 vessels. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed for the first time that ASCs subcutaneously co-injected with @entity263 cells engraft and promote @entity5 progression. Further evaluation of the cross-talk between @entity5 and local tissue-resident stem cells may lead to new strategies for @entity263 therapy.

title: Adipose tissue-derived stem cells promote XXXX growth.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate tumor']


abstract: The endovascular treatment of @entity438 3 mm or less is considered controversial. The purpose of this study is to report angiographic and clinical results following coiling of such @entity439 and compare them to those of @entity439 (> 3 mm).Between November 1999 and November 2009 endovascular treatment was attempted in 956 consecutive @entity438 . Of 956 @entity439 , 111 @entity439 were @entity439 with a maximal diameter of 3 mm or less. We conducted a retrospective analysis of angiographic and clinical outcome following coiling of @entity439 and subsequently comparing it to the results of @entity439 .Coiling initially failed in eight @entity439 . In the remaining 103 @entity439 endovascular treatment was accomplished and immediate angiographic results showed complete @entity439 in 43 @entity439 , nearly complete @entity439 in 54 @entity439 and less than 90% @entity439 in six @entity439 . Complications occurred in the treatment of 15 @entity439 , including eight procedural @entity397 , six @entity1031 events and one case of early @entity548 . Compared with @entity439 , treatment of @entity439 was associated with a higher rate of procedural @entity397 (7.2% versus 4.4%) and procedural mortality (4.7% versus 2.7%) but a lower procedural morbidity (1.9% versus 4.0%). However none of these differences reached statistical significance (p = 0.186, p= 0.388, respectively). The retreatment rate was higher for the @entity439 (8.2% and 6.3%), but this was not significant either (p= 0. 496). At nine-month follow-up significantly more small @entity439 were found to have a stable occlusion grade compared to large @entity439 .Endovascular treatment of @entity439 is feasible with a lower retreatment rate compared to large @entity439 (> 3 mm). However the data also suggest that endovascular treatment of @entity439 might be associated with an increased risk of procedural @entity397 and mortality. At nine-month follow-up results indicate significantly less compaction in the @entity439 .

title: Endovascular treatment of very small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'larger aneurysms', 'very small aneurysms', 'aneurysm occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysms']


abstract: Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography has been widely used since the introduction of 64-slice scanners and dual-source CT technology, but high radiation doses have been reported. Prospective ECG-gating using a 'step-and-shoot' axial scanning protocol has been shown to reduce radiation exposure effectively while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. 256-slice scanners with 80 mm detector coverage have been currently introduced into practice, but their impact on radiation exposure has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to assess radiation doses associated with CT coronary angiography using a 256-slice CT scanner. Radiation doses were estimated for 25 @entity1 scanned with either prospective or retrospective ECG-gating. Image quality was assessed objectively in terms of mean CT attenuation at selected regions of interest on axial coronary images and subjectively by coronary segment quality scoring. It was found that radiation doses associated with prospective ECG-gating were significantly lower than retrospective ECG-gating (3.2 +/- 0.6 @entity2073 versus 13.4 +/- 2.7 @entity2073 ). Consequently, the radiogenic fatal @entity5 risk for the @entity1 is much lower with prospective gating (0.0176% versus 0.0737%). No statistically significant differences in image quality were observed between the two scanning protocols for both objective and subjective quality assessments. Therefore, prospective ECG-gating using a 'step-and-shoot' protocol that covers the cardiac anatomy in two axial acquisitions effectively reduces radiation doses in 256-slice CT coronary angiography without compromising image quality.

title: Reduction of the estimated radiation dose and associated XXXX risk with prospective ECG-gated 256-slice CT coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Pro-urokinase is a single chain precursor of two chain urokinase, which has been shown to induce fibrin-selective plasminogen activation. In the present study, thrombolytic efficacy of 9 million U of glycosylated pro-urokinase administered intravenously was compared with that of a combined regimen utilizing 4.5 million U of pro-urokinase and 0.2 million U of urokinase. Seventy-five @entity1 with a first @entity583 were randomized to receive high dose pro-urokinase (n = 40, group A) or the combination therapy (n = 35, group B). Reperfusion of the @entity1188 was assessed by repeat coronary angiography. Thrombolysis in @entity583 trial (TIMI) grade II or III reperfusion was achieved in 73% of group A @entity1 compared with 66% of group B @entity1 (p = NS). A trend toward faster reopening of the @entity1188 was observed in @entity1 in group B. @entity453 occurred in 5 (10%) of 49 @entity1 in whom angiography was repeated within 36 h after the start of therapy. Clot-selective thrombolysis was indicated by a minimal fibrinogen decline (15% and 13%, respectively, in groups A and B). Alpha 2-antiplasmin levels, however, decreased more rapidly in @entity1 in group B (p less than 0.05). This finding and the equivalent reperfusion rate in the combined treatment group strongly suggest synergistic interaction between these two thrombolytic agents. In summary, the high incidence of reperfusion, the low rate of early reocclusion and the paucity of side effects, particularly with regard to bleeding complications, indicate that pro-urokinase possesses the characteristics of an ideal thrombolytic agent.

title: Coronary reperfusion studies with pro-urokinase in acute XXXX : evidence for synergism of low dose urokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery reocclusion']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: It is widely accepted that thyroid surgery is not without morbidity. One well-known @entity260 is respiratory distress. The aim of this prospective observational study was to determine the incidence of @entity1576 and to identify possible predictive factors. The study population was made up of 262 @entity1 who had undergone thyroidectomy for @entity5651 at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital in Nigeria from January 1989 through December 2003. Information was collected on 8 possible predictive factors for @entity1576 : (1) the duration of the @entity5651 , (2) the preoperative status of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, (3) the presence or absence of tracheal narrowing or deviation, (4) the presence or absence of retrosternal extension, (5) the ease or difficulty of endotracheal intubation, (6) the presence or absence of @entity259 , (7) the presence or absence of @entity5651 , and (8) whether or not the @entity5651 represented a recurrence. @entity1576 occurred in 20 of the 262 @entity1 (7.6%). Of these 20 @entity1 , 16 (80%) had a @entity5651 of at least 5 years' duration, 12 (60%) had a @entity5651 , 5 (25%) had tracheal narrowing, 4 (20%) had a @entity5651 , 3 (15%) had palsy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve preoperatively, and 2 @entity1 each (10%) had retrosternal extension, a difficult intubation, or a recurrent @entity5651 . Twelve @entity1 (60%) had at least 4 of the 8 possible risk factors, and 6 others (30%) had 3 factors. Postoperative tracheotomy was necessary for 4 @entity1 . No @entity204 occurred. While the findings of this observational study can only suggest the possibility of causation, preoperative factors such as @entity5651 and @entity5651 should be taken into consideration in postoperative management and the prevention of @entity1576 . In addition, the presence of at least 4 of the 8 factors studied should likewise alert the management team.

title: Possible risk factors for XXXX after thyroidectomy: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['post-thyroidectomy respiratory complications', 'Respiratory complications', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['malignant goiter', 'giant goiter', 'long-standing goiter', 'goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory complications']


abstract: Previously we have demonstrated that medial nucleus of the amygdala, which is part of medial extended amygdala, is damaged by @entity159 induced by @entity4176 (KA) and this @entity179 was prevents by @entity172 replacement. The medial bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BSTM) also belong to medial extended amygdala and it is uncertain whether the gonadal hormones are protective or not against this @entity2359 in the BSTM. Here we show that a single i.p. injection of KA (9 mg/kg) induces @entity179 in the subnuclei of the BSTM of @entity35 with different degrees of intensity in males and females. A differential neuroprotective effect of the gonadal hormones was also observed. In diestrous @entity35 , massive @entity528 similar to that in the ovariectomized females was detected. BSTM neurons of proestrous @entity35 , like the ovariectomized treated with @entity172 , were significantly less affected by the KA. @entity251 produced a mild neuroprotective action, but @entity586 did not protect. A similar pattern was observed in all male groups. This results show that @entity172 protects BSTM neurons from KA @entity2359 and @entity3800 are partially neuroprotective; and probably this effect of @entity3800 is due to conversion to @entity172 .

title: Effect of sex differences and gonadal hormones on @entity4176 -induced XXXX in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity4176 :: ('MESH:D007608', 'Chemical') :: ['kainic acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity157 accounts for 1-2.5% of all @entity5 in America with extension to inferior vena cava and right atrium in 1-4% of the cases. @entity1 with @entity157 invading the right heart are considered poor candidates for surgery. In the past, such @entity1 had dismal prognosis due to complications like @entity1151 and @entity944 . CASE REPORT: Our @entity1 was admitted with worsening @entity1087 , @entity490 and significant @entity353 . Abdominal ultrasound, elevated alfa feto-protein levels and computerized tomography pointed to the diagnosis of @entity157 . Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated two masses in the right atrium with the base of masses extending from inferior vena cava into right atrium. The @entity1 was diagnosed to have stage @entity189 . This is associated with dismal prognosis. But after being started on @entity2857 , the @entity5 regressed considerably and was barely discernable on echocardiography performed a month later. CONCLUSION: Though aggressive surgical resection is the best therapeutic approach for @entity157 , it may not always be possible and in such cases combination of different therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy and chemoembolization may improve survival.

title: @entity5 thrombi secondary to XXXX responding to chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['IV heptaocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatocellular carcinoma', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Craniocervical @entity4066 is a common cause of @entity385 in the young to middle-aged population. There have been a number of previous studies where radiological features have been described but few with detailed mapping of @entity1188 topography and none where these features have been related to the reported risk factors. AIMS: The aims of this study were to describe the radiological characteristics of dissection @entity1  <=55 years and relate these to reported risk factors. METHODS: Craniocervical @entity4066 cases  <=55 years, and age- and gender-matched controls were identified from a medical records database between 1998 and 2009. Control cases had @entity64 from another cause than dissection. Records and radiology were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-six radiologically confirmed dissection cases [20 (56%) vertebral artery, 16 (44%) internal carotid], and 43 controls were identified. Dissections were extracranial with intracranial extension in 10 (28%) cases. @entity1188 was demonstrated in 22 (61%) dissection cases. The most common wall deficit identified was an intimal flap. Twenty-three (64%) dissection cases had a recent history of neck @entity130 ( @entity4668 (36%) had vascular variants (P   =   0  013). CONCLUSION: Craniocervical @entity4066 cases, particularly vertebral artery, were more likely to have a history of neck @entity130 . Dissections were most commonly extracranial, in the upper cervical region, with intracranial extension in 28%. Dissection cases with @entity130 more commonly had a dissection flap and evidence of @entity1188 in the lateral medulla, anterior or posterior @entity5487 territory. Close inspection of the V3 segment of the vertebral or skull base for internal carotid artery may be warranted with a history of neck @entity130 .

title: Risk factors, radiological features, and @entity1188 topography of craniocervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity5487 :: ('MESH:D014854', 'Disease') :: ['inferior cerebellar artery']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity4066 :: (MESH:D020217,Disease) :: ['arterial dissection']


abstract: Brain metastases occur in more than one-third of metastatic @entity0 @entity1 whose @entity5 overexpress @entity1722 or are triple negative. Brain colonization of @entity5 cells occurs in a unique environment, containing microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and neurons. Although a neuroinflammatory response has been documented in brain @entity3 , its contribution to @entity5 progression and therapy remains poorly understood. Using an experimental brain @entity3 model, we characterized the brain metastatic microenvironment of brain tropic, @entity1722 -transfected MDA-MB-231 @entity1 @entity0 cells (231-BR- @entity1722 ). A previously unidentified subpopulation of @entity3 -associated astrocytes expressing phosphorylated platelet-derived growth factor receptor b (at @entity4149 751; p751- @entity3820 ) was identified around perivascular brain micrometastases. p751- @entity3820 (+) astrocytes were also identified in @entity1 brain metastases from eight craniotomy specimens and in primary cultures of astrocyte-enriched glial cells. Previously, we reported that @entity6219 , a multispecific @entity4149 kinase inhibitor, prevented the outgrowth of 231-BR- @entity1722 large brain metastases by 73%. Here, we evaluated the effect of @entity6219 on the brain neuroinflammatory microenvironment. @entity6219 treatment resulted in 70% (P = 0.023) decrease of the p751- @entity3820 (+) astrocyte population, at the lowest dose of 30 mg/kg, twice daily. Collectively, the data identify a subpopulation of activated astrocytes in the subclinical perivascular stage of brain metastases and show that they are inhibitable by @entity6219 , suggesting its potential to prevent the development of brain micrometastases in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: @entity6219 inhibits the activation of XXXX -expressing astrocytes in the brain metastatic microenvironment of @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib', 'Pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3820 :: (5159,Gene) :: ['PDGFRb']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes between transdiscal and conventional pedicle fixation for high-grade L5-S1 spondylolisthesis. METHODS: This was a retrospective case-control study with @entity1 prospectively followed. Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with mean age of 36.7  years underwent transdiscal fixation, and 31 other with mean age of 42.0  years to pedicle fixation were clinically and radiographically compared. Clinical assessments were performed using Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Core Outcomes Measures Index (COMI), Short-Form 12 (SF-12), and @entity158 visual analog scale (VAS). Radiographic spinopelvic parameters were also evaluated. The mean follow-up was 2.7  years (range 2.0-5.3). RESULTS: Preoperative data were comparable between groups. Surgery time, @entity190 , and hospital stay were similar between groups. At last follow-up, clinical and radiographic outcomes were significantly improved in both groups. Postoperatively, both lumbar and leg @entity158 VAS were similar between groups, but ODI (20.2 vs. 31.6, p  =  0.010), COMI (1.6 vs. 2.8, p  =  0.012), and SF-12 physical (84.3 vs. 61.5, p  =  0.004) and mental (81.5 vs. 69.4, p  =  0.021) scores were significantly better in the transdiscal group. The @entity16 rate was similar in both groups. There were 4 @entity1516 in the pedicle group, and none in the transdiscal group. CONCLUSION: L5-S1 transdiscal screw fixation provided better functional and radiographic outcomes at medium-term than conventional pedicle fixation for high-grade spondylolisthesis, although transdiscal sacral screws are difficult to place in correct position.

title: Transdiscal screw versus pedicle screw fixation for high-grade L5-S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis in XXXX younger than 60  years: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic complication']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthroses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1136 (Tc-99m) sestamibi has been used to evaluate the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy. Improved image quality due to the higher photon energy of Tc-99m and the increased allowable doses of this radiopharmaceutical along with its lack of redistribution makes Tc-99m sestamibi an acceptable imaging agent for such studies. This imaging agent was used for serial quantitative planar and tomographic imaging to assess the initial risk area of @entity1188 , its change over time and the relation to @entity1188 patency in @entity1 with a first @entity583 . Twenty-three of 30 @entity1 were treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) within 4 hours after onset of acute @entity662 . Seven @entity1 were treated in the conventional manner and did not receive thrombolytic therapy. The initial area at risk varied greatly both in @entity1 treated with rt-PA and in those who received conventional therapy. @entity1 with successful thrombolysis and @entity1 @entity1188 arteries had a significantly greater reduction of Tc-99m sestamibi defect size than @entity1 who had persistent @entity1563 . Serial imaging with Tc-99m sestamibi could find important application in future clinical research evaluating the efficacy of new thrombolytic agents. Direct measurements of the amount of hypoperfused myocardium before and after thrombolysis could provide rapid and unequivocal results using fewer @entity1 and avoiding the use of "mortality" as an end point. This approach has not yet been widely tested in the clinical arena.

title: Thrombolytic therapy for @entity583 : assessment of efficacy by myocardial perfusion imaging with XXXX sestamibi.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['Technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1136 :: (MESH:D013667,Chemical) :: ['technetium-99m']


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity2993 reduced @entity101 -induced @entity299 and whether these effects involved @entity14537 ( @entity14537 ) and @entity31290 ( @entity31290 ), factors known to be implicated in @entity1283 and @entity82 . 16-Week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) and age-matched @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 were included. Blood pressure and serum lipid concentration were measured. H-E staining, myocardial transverse diameter, and echocardiography were examined to evaluate @entity1283 . @entity720 content assay and Masson's trichrome staining were used to estimate @entity299 . @entity2993 (10, 25 and 50mg/kg/day) was administered for 8 weeks. Increased blood pressure and @entity299 were prominent in SHRs compared with WKY @entity35 . SHRs also had elevated @entity14537 and @entity31290 activation. The systolic blood pressure, myocardial transverse diameter and @entity720 content were positively correlated with the activation level of @entity14537 and @entity31290 in SHRs. @entity2993 significantly attenuated the activation of @entity14537 and @entity31290 . It may be concluded that @entity2993 reverses @entity101 -induced @entity299 partially through down-regulation of @entity14537 / @entity31290 activation. Our results predict novel therapeutic targets for @entity2993 in treating @entity101 @entity1 .

title: @entity2993 reverses @entity299 possibly through regulation of protein kinase D/ XXXX activation in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity14537 :: ('MESH:D058495', 'Disease') :: ['PKD', 'Protein Kinase D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyproline', 'hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac remodeling', 'cardiac fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity31290 :: ('81518(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2D', 'MEF2D']

answer: @entity31290 :: (81518(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['myocyte enhancer factor 2D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors report the first study of abusive behaviour by @entity1 with @entity303 towards their family carers. The authors hypothesised that while abusive behaviour would be associated with the carer reporting a less rewarding relationship, this could be mediated by the carer's coping style. METHODS: The authors interviewed 220 consecutively referred family @entity303 carers from five UK Community Mental Health Teams, using the revised Modified Conflict Tactics Scale to measure @entity734 , and the Relationship Rewards Scale. RESULTS: 82 (37.3%) carers reported @entity734 from the care recipient 'at least sometimes' over the last 3 months. 80 (36.4%) reported psychologically, and 13 (5.9%) physically abusive behaviour. On average, current carer relationship rewards had decreased from premorbid levels (mean difference -1.5 (95% CI 1.8 to 1.2); p<0.001). The association between higher @entity734 score and lower current relationship rewards was mediated by dysfunctional coping use. In our final model, current relationship rewards were predicted by reporting a better past relationship (beta=0.66 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.77)), less @entity734 from the care recipient (beta=-0.39 (-0.65 to -0.13)) and fewer dysfunctional coping strategies (beta=-0.98 (-1.50 to-0.46)). CONCLUSION: Over a third of family carers reported significant @entity734 from the @entity1 they cared for. Carers who reported more @entity734 also reported a greater deterioration in their relationship with the @entity1 with @entity303 . The extent to which carers used dysfunctional coping strategies partially explained this, suggesting that interventions to change the carers' coping styles might alleviate the impact of abusive behaviour.

title: Abusive behaviour experienced by family carers from XXXX with @entity303 : the CARD (caring for relatives with @entity303 ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Hormonal contraception is important for the way of life of many modern @entity1 . Since the oral contraceptives were introduced 30 years ago, millions of @entity1 were using the pill and large number of experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies have analyzed the risks of their administration. The question whether the usage of exogenous sex- @entity230 as hormonal contraception may favor the development of @entity0 is a much debated problem, but a complete answer to the question of the relationship between contraception pill and @entity0 is at present still unresolved. Most studies have not found an overall increased risk of @entity0 associated with the use of the pill, but several recent studies suggested a link between the early-onset @entity0 and a long-term use of oral contraceptives at young ages. The risks for some subpopulations of @entity1 seem small (relative risk about 2.0 or less), but consistency of the findings has enforced further study. @entity1 under the age of 35, if they have used the pill long-term or if they are at increased risk of @entity0 for other reasons, should discuss the risks of oral contraceptive use. Contraindications of pill usage must be strictly respected and their users carefully watched, including routine breast examinations. It is equally important to inform our @entity1 about important and numerous positive impacts of pill usage on @entity1 's health, to reassure these @entity1 and prevent cancerophobia. Sufficient time has now elapsed to permit prospective epidemiological studies with large numbers of @entity1 who took the pill for many years beginning at a young age, and follow them as they come in age when @entity0 is most common. So we should carefully examine their results.

title: [Oral contraceptives and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast malignancy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have isolated a @entity1 probe specific for the beta B3 crystallin gene ( @entity27697 ) and hybridized it to Southern blots of @entity1 X rodent cell hybrids with known @entity1 chromosomal constitution. In this way we could directly assign @entity27697 to chromosome 22. Cell hybrids with translocation chromosomes containing distinct portions of chromosomes 22 were used to regionally localize the gene to 22q11.2----q12. Owing to its known close proximity to the beta B3 crystallin gene, the beta B2-1 crystallin gene ( @entity27698 -1) also maps in this region. A second beta B2 crystallin gene, beta B2-2 ( @entity27698 -2), not linked to the @entity27698 -1/ @entity27697 cluster, could be localized in the same region. This implies that the three known beta B crystallin genes are all within 22q11.2----q12. This small region contains D22S1, the only marker that shows no recombination with @entity4786 2. Therefore, the beta B crystallin genes on chromosome 22 might be markers for this disease. Two DNA fragments revealing useful polymorphisms associated with the beta B crystallin genes were identified. One detects a two-system MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism specific for the @entity27698 -1/ @entity27697 cluster. The other detects an informative @entity9379 polymorphism that is in linkage equilibrium with the MspI polymorphism.

title: Direct assignment of the @entity1 beta B2 and beta B3 crystallin genes to 22q11.2----q12: markers for XXXX 2.

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity4786 :: (MESH:D017253,Disease) :: ['neurofibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determining @entity23816 's feeding behaviour in domiciliary and extra-domiciliary habitats in an endemic area of the Santander department in Colombia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ELISA technique was used for processing the intestinal contents of 367 insects captured in rural areas around the municipalities of Capitanejo and Macaravita. 12 anti-animal species specific polyclonal anti-sera were used in ELISA. @entity23816 hosts were determined by reactivity to each anti-serum; host percentages were established. RESULTS: 42.2% of the intestinal content processed by ELISA was reactive for blood proteins from one or more than 10 hosts. Domestic animal proteins were identified in all reactive intra-domiciliary and peridomestic insects, most often @entity1573 blood, followed by that from @entity1237 , @entity235 and @entity1 . Blood from domestic animals like @entity1237 , @entity1573 and @entity1641 was also detected in wild insects. Blood from animals such as armadillo and @entity29581 were identified in intra-domiciliary insects. @entity1 host protein was found in 11% of intra-domiciliary and peri-domiciliary insects. CONCLUSIONS: The vector's eclectic nature in domiciliary and extra-domiciliary habitats was determined by identifying @entity1 blood in wild and domestic animals. The wild populations' mobility towards domiciliary and peri-domiciliary areas was demonstrated by finding domestic animals' blood in them and wild animals' blood in domestic and peri-domestic insects. These results contribute towards understanding @entity1527 transmission-cycles.

title: [ XXXX populations' (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) feeding behaviour in an endemic zone and related epidemiological implications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']

entities_list: @entity23816 :: ('72491', 'Species') :: ['Triatoma dimidiata', 'T. dimidiata']

answer: @entity23816 :: (72491,Species) :: ['Triatoma dimidiata']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the significance of an extended 10-core transrectal biopsy protocol in different categories of @entity1 with suspected @entity263 using digital guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 125 @entity1 who were being evaluated for @entity263 . They all had an extended 10-core digitally guided transrectal prostatic biopsy done for either an elevated serum @entity1486 or an abnormal digital rectal examination finding or both. Sextant biopsy samples were collected first, followed by additional four lateral biopsies in all @entity1 . Both groups of specimens were analyzed separately. The @entity5 rates of both sextant and extended 10-core biopsy protocols at different @entity1486 levels and digital rectal examination (DRE) findings were determined and compared. The level of significance of difference in @entity5 was determined using Pearson's Chi square test with level of significance set at <0.05. RESULTS: The overall @entity5 by the extended technique was 61 (48.8%) cases while the sextant protocol detected @entity5 in 52 cases. The 10-core extended protocol yielded an increase in @entity5 rate of 14.8% but the improvement in detection rate was only statistically significant in the sub-set of @entity1 with @entity1486 between 4.1 and 10 ng/mL, with or without abnormality on DRE, with an overall increase detection rate of 33%.(P=0.04) CONCLUSION: Our study has shown that a 10-core prostate biopsy protocol significantly improves @entity5 in @entity1 with suspected @entity5 . It should therefore be the optimum biopsy protocol for @entity1 with gray-zone @entity1486 value, with or without abnormal DRE.

title: Is extended biopsy protocol justified in all XXXX with suspected @entity263 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer detection', 'cancer', 'early cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: More efficacious, less toxic combinations are needed to treat @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). Pemetrexed is a multitargeted antifolate with manageable @entity137 and has been combined with @entity3003 to treat other @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a phase II study of @entity3003 area under the curve 5 with pemetrexed 500 mg/m(2) administered intravenously on day 1 every 21 days for six cycles or for up to eight cycles if clinical benefit occurred. Eligible @entity1 had @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 , peritoneal @entity5 , or @entity6887 . The primary objective was to determine response rate defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; other end points included @entity137 , progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 were accrued; 44 @entity1 received treatment. Overall response rate was 51.1%; there were no complete responses (0%), 23 confirmed partial responses (51.1%), two unconfirmed partial responses (4.4%), 14 @entity1 with stable disease (31.1%), and two @entity1 with progressive disease after two cycles (4.4%). Grade 3 and 4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 (41%), @entity882 (23%), and @entity417 (9%); there were no episodes of @entity1398 . Grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic @entity137 included @entity1295 (11%), @entity390 (5%), @entity391 (5%), @entity294 (5%), @entity1163 (5%), and @entity1151 (5%). Median PFS time was 7.57 months (95% CI, 6.44 to 10.18 months), mean OS time was 20.3 months, and median OS has not yet been reached with a mean follow-up time of 15.3 months. CONCLUSION: @entity3003 /pemetrexed is a well-tolerated regimen with activity in @entity902 -sensitive recurrent @entity43 ; further testing of this regimen in @entity902 -sensitive @entity43 @entity1 is warranted.

title: Phase II study of @entity3003 and pemetrexed for the treatment of XXXX -sensitive recurrent @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer', 'EOC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'serous cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6887 :: ('MESH:D005185', 'Disease') :: ['fallopian tube cancer']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are the cornerstone in the treatment of pregnancies at risk for @entity16978 ( @entity16978 ). The most commonly used dose is 1.0 g/kg/week, not based on any dose-finding study. IVIG is an expensive multidonor @entity1 blood product with dose-related side effects. Our aim was to describe the amount of severe @entity882 according to two different doses of IVIG. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a cohort study, where two dosage regimes of IVIG were evaluated in the treatment of pregnant @entity1 suffering from @entity16978 with a previous affected @entity1 without @entity932 ( @entity932 ). Cases, treated with 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg/week, were selected from the international multicenter No @entity932 (NOICH) registry. Outcome was neonatal platelet (PLT) count at birth and amount of severe @entity882 . Furthermore the appearance of @entity932 was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity1 were included in the study, 46 in the 0.5 IVIG group and 63 in the 1.0 IVIG group. There was no difference in PLT count at birth (mean, 112 vs. 119; crude difference, 7; confidence interval [CI], -37.4 to 23.7]) and incidence of severe @entity882 (<30  *  10(9) /L; n  =  7/46 vs. n  =  7/63; odds ratio, 1.43 [CI, 0.46-4.42]). No @entity932 occurred. CONCLUSION: In pregnancies with @entity16978 with a previous affected @entity1 without @entity932 , treatment with IVIG in a weekly dose of 0.5 or 1.0 g/kg results in comparable neonatal PLT count at birth and degree of @entity882 .

title: Lower-dose intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16978 :: ('MESH:D054098', 'Disease') :: ['FNAIT', 'fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'ICH', 'IntraCranial Hemorrhage']

answer: @entity16978 :: (MESH:D054098,Disease) :: ['fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Systemic @entity137 associated with @entity1953 (Co) and @entity3407 ( @entity8818 ) containing metal hip alloy may result in @entity16 , @entity296 , and @entity1375 . However clinical management concerning chelating therapy is still debated in literature. Here are described two metal-on-metal hip-implanted @entity1 in which @entity898 decreased elevated blood metal levels. A 67-year-old male who underwent Co/ @entity8818 hip implant in September 2009 referred to our Poison Control Centre for persisting elevated Co/ @entity8818 blood levels (from March 2012 to November 2014). After receiving oral high-dose @entity898 , Co/ @entity8818 blood concentrations dropped by 86% and 87% of the prechelation levels, respectively, and persisted at these latter concentrations during the following 6 months of follow-up. An 81-year-old female who underwent Co/ @entity8818 hip implant in January 2007 referred to our Centre for detection of high Co and @entity8818 blood levels in June 2012. No hip revision was indicated. After a therapy with oral high-dose @entity898 Co/ @entity8818 blood concentrations decreased of 45% and 24% of the prechelation levels. Chelating agents reported in hip-implanted @entity1 (EDTA, @entity20662 , and BAL) are described in few cases. @entity898 may provide chelating sites for metals and in our cases reduced Co and @entity8818 blood levels and resulted well tolerable.

title: XXXX as Effective and Safe Chelating Agent in Metal-on-Metal Hip-Implanted @entity1 : Two Cases.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl-cysteine']

answer: @entity898 :: (MESH:D000111,Chemical) :: ['N-Acetyl-Cysteine']


abstract: In this study, effects of @entity17567 (H1-receptor blocker), @entity5616 (H2-receptor blocker), @entity1286 (an opioid agonist) and @entity1510 (an opioid antagonist) in separate and combined treatments were investigated on the visceral nociception in @entity35 . @entity3825 was induced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity1543 (1 mL, 1%). The latency time to the beginning of the first abdominal wall contraction (first writhe) was measured and the numbers of writhes were counted for 1 h after @entity1543 injection. Intraperitoneal injections of @entity17567 and @entity5616 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency time to the beginning of the first writhe and also significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the numbers of writhes. The same results were obtained after subcutaneous injection of @entity1286 . Subcutaneous injection of @entity1510 did not change the intensity of visceral nociception, but significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the @entity1286 -induced antinociception. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity17567 significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the @entity1286 -induced @entity1337 , but did not reverse the effect of @entity1510 on nociceptive responses. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity5616 , with no effect on the @entity1286 -induced antinociception, significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the effect of @entity1510 on @entity158 responses. These results suggest that both @entity17567 and @entity5616 exert antinociceptive effect in the visceral nociception. In addition, @entity1286 through a @entity1510 -dependent mechanism produces visceral antinociception. Moreover, the endogenous opioid system may participate in the @entity17567 - but not in the @entity5616 -induced antinociception.

title: Effects of @entity17567 and @entity5616 on the visceral nociception induced by @entity1543 in XXXX : role of opioid system.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral nociception']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity17567 :: ('MESH:D002744', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpheniramine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify the possible association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) and to explore the effect of BMI on tooth eruption in a cohort of elementary schoolchildren. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 4-year longitudinal study was completed. A total of 110 @entity1 from a public elementary school, located in a middle-income area of Mexico City, entered the study; of these, 88 completed the 4-year follow-up period. @entity1547 assessments were carried out using the WHO criteria for decayed, missing and filled primary and permanent teeth indices (dmft and DMFT, respectively) and surface indices (dmfs and DMFS, respectively). BMI was used to classify the @entity1 's @entity28 status, according to the Centers for Disease Control 2000 reference charts. RESULTS: At 7 years of age, 29.6% of the @entity1 were in the overweight or at risk of being overweight categories and, by 11 years of age, this proportion had risen to 45.5%. The mean dmft for @entity1 aged 7 years was 2.70 and, for @entity1 aged 11 years, the DMFT was 0.54. @entity1 in the higher BMI categories had more erupted teeth than the other @entity1 (p < 0.001). A lower dmfs index was detected in the overweight @entity1 , compared with @entity1 with a lower BMI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The overweight @entity1 had more erupted teeth and a lower caries index. The complex relationships between body composition and oral health should be considered in pediatric @entity1 .

title: @entity1547 , tooth eruption timing and XXXX : a longitudinal study in a group of Mexican schoolchildren.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity421 frequently have elevated immune complex levels, which are correlated with disease activity and @entity5 volume. During treatment with high-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) some @entity1 develop specific immune complexes containing @entity1500 . These @entity1 suffered from anaphylactic reactions. To study the influence of @entity1500 on immune complex formation we looked for @entity968 ( @entity970 ) precipitable and @entity30023 -binding immune complexes in the sera of 10 @entity1 with @entity421 during treatment according to the COSS 80 protocol. Sera were obtained before, 24, 48 and 72 hours after @entity1500 -infusion. Furthermore we analysed changes of the complement system in the same way. The minority of the @entity1 developed @entity970 -precipitable immune complexes. @entity30023 -binding IgG complexes were observed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. High levels of immune complexes at the end of chemotherapy were correlated with a poorer prognosis. There was no relationship between @entity1500 -infusion and immune complex formation. No significant changes of the complement system during @entity1500 -infusion were found. The complement analysis were of no prognostic value concerning the @entity421 .

title: [Immune complex formation and complement changes in @entity421 @entity1 treated with high-dose XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethyleneglycol']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']