abstract: To assess platelet function profiles in @entity6 and nondiabetic @entity1 on @entity117 and @entity1397 therapy, two @entity1 populations were included to investigate the 1) acute effects of a 300-mg @entity1397 loading dose (group 1, n = 52) and 2) long-term effects of @entity1397 (group 2, n = 120) on platelet function in @entity6 compared with nondiabetic @entity1 already on @entity117 treatment. @entity1 were stratified according to the presence of type 2 @entity6 . Platelet aggregation was assessed using light transmittance aggregometry (groups 1 and 2). Platelet activation ( @entity8729 expression and @entity23022 binding) was determined using whole-blood flow cytometry (group 2). @entity1397 response was also assessed. In group 1, @entity1423 was significantly increased in @entity6 (n = 16) compared with nondiabetic (n = 36) @entity1 at baseline and up to 24 h following a 300-mg loading dose (P = 0.005). In group 2, @entity1423 and activation were increased in @entity6 (n = 60) compared with nondiabetic (n = 60) subjects (P < 0.05 for all platelet function assays). @entity6 subjects had a higher number of @entity1397 nonresponders (P = 0.04). @entity6 @entity1 have increased platelet reactivity compared with nondiabetic subjects on combined @entity117 and @entity1397 treatment. Reduced sensitivity to antiplatelet drugs may contribute to the increased atherothombotic risk in @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Platelet function profiles in @entity1 with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease on combined XXXX and @entity1397 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['Clopidogrel', 'clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

answer: @entity117 :: (MESH:D001241,Chemical) :: ['aspirin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity551 ( @entity551 ) reverses @entity27 ( @entity27 )-related @entity519 and @entity25 ( @entity25 ). @entity442 ( @entity442 ) is a neuropeptide that facilitates the repair of neurons from @entity519 and improves sleep regulation. @entity442 concentrations are lower in @entity27 , and likely increase following @entity551 treatment; however, this relationship has not yet been determined in a younger cohort of @entity27 @entity1 . METHODS: This was a prospective, observational pilot study of 58 young @entity1 , who were diagnosed with @entity27 and provided @entity551 as an intervention. Adherence to @entity551 treatment over 3  months was objectively measured, as well as changes in the @entity27 index (AHI). Serum concentrations of @entity442 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) were measured and correlated with @entity551 adherence. RESULTS: @entity442 concentrations at baseline were similar between @entity551 adherent 55.5        34.4  ng/ml and @entity551 nonadherent @entity1 61.2        27.1  ng/ml (p   =   0.4), with the overall mean @entity442 concentration of 59.0        29.9  ng/ml. At follow-up, adherent @entity1 had concentrations of @entity442 that were significantly higher 128        59.5  ng/ml compared to nonadherent @entity1 86.0        47.4  ng/ml (p   <   0.01). Increases in @entity442 concentrations were significantly associated with reductions in AHI (Spearman's rho   =   -0.409, p   =   0.015). Conversely, @entity1851 concentrations did not differ between baseline and follow-up measurements in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to @entity551 treatment leads to significant increases in @entity442 concentrations in young @entity1 with @entity27 . While an objective measure of adherence exists, @entity551 usage does not allow for measure of sleep improvement. @entity442 may serve as a potential biomarker for the efficacy of @entity551 therapy on improved sleep.

title: XXXX : a potential biomarker for efficacy of sleep improvement with automatic airway pressure therapy for @entity27 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['Insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['PAP', 'Positive airway pressure']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['restores slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity442 :: (3479,Gene) :: ['IGF-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 with @entity3204 in pregnancy can result in miscarriage, @entity1276 , cerebral calcification and @entity6519 in the newborn. The objective of our study was to evaluate seroprevalence of and analyse risk factors for @entity3252 in antenatal @entity1 from 2006 to 2008 in an ethnically diverse population of Central London to re-examine the need for a screening policy. METHODS: We performed serum IgG estimations to @entity3204 using a commercial kit, and analysed risk factors for acquisition using a questionnaire. RESULTS: Seroprevalence for @entity3204 was 17.32% in 2610 samples tested. In all, 67.7% were of UK origin (seroprevalence: 11.9%) and were significantly non-immune to @entity3204 (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.31-0.47; P < 0.0001). Risk factors for seroprevalence included African/Afro-Caribbean (OR: 2.67, 95% CI: 1.83-3.88; P < 0.001; seroprevalence: 31.5%), Middle eastern (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.62-5.99; P  <= 0.001; seroprevalence: 34.8%) and mixed (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.16-2.63; P = 0.007; seroprevalence: 23.3%) ethnic groups; eating undercooked meat (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.29-2.08; P  <= 0.001; seroprevalence: 20.2%) and drinking unpasteurised milk (OR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.01-1.88; P = 0.05; seroprevalence: 23.1%). There was no association with pet @entity468 or eating unpasteurised cheeses and antibody responses. CONCLUSION: Low national prevalence of @entity3204 seroconversion and @entity66 would likely not justify screening in the UK. Individual risk assessment is recommended in ethnically diverse urban areas where populations with relatively high seroprevalence and parasite-associated risk factors exist together with an indigenous population with low prevalence. One universal screening policy based on the indigenous prevalence and risk factors may not be suitable for all.

title: Seroprevalence and risk factors for XXXX among antenatal @entity1 in London: a re-examination of risk in an ethnically diverse population.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital disease']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Primary infection']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii', 'toxoplasma']

answer: @entity3252 :: (MESH:D014123,Disease) :: ['toxoplasmosis']


abstract: Enteropathy-associated @entity784 (EATCL) is a high grade, pleomorphic @entity3191 usually with cytotoxic phenotypes. We describe a first case of @entity1 with EATCL that is remarkable for its fulminant course and invasion of both kidneys manifested as @entity810 . The @entity1 was a 23 year old @entity1 with a long history of @entity1593 . She was presented with @entity810 and enlarged mononuclear infiltrated kidneys. Diagnosis of @entity1986 and @entity827 was confirmed with consecutive pulse doses of @entity479 therapy. After recovery, she had disseminated disease two months later. Magnetic resonance imaging showed thickened intestine wall, extremely augmented kidneys, enlarged intra-abdominal lymph nodes with extra-luminal compression of common bile duct. Laparotomy with mesenterial adipous tissue and lymph glands biopsy was done. Consecutive pathophysiological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of EATCL: CD45RO+, @entity12910 +, CD3+. The revision of renal pathophysiology substantiated the diagnosis. The @entity1 received chemotherapy, but unfortunately she died manifesting signs of @entity1151 caused by @entity5 cells.

title: A rare case of enteropathy-associated XXXX presenting as @entity810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['polyserositis']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3191 :: ('MESH:D016411', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1157 occur in 4% to 23% of @entity1 after major @entity99 . The role of conservative management versus internal biliary drainage has not been clearly defined. The safety and efficacy of nonoperative management of @entity1157 were studied. METHODS: Four hundred twelve @entity1 with @entity99 were assessed in a prospective study between 2008 and 2013. All @entity1 with clinically significant injuries to the intrahepatic biliary tract were evaluated. @entity1157 were classified as minor or major (>400 mL/d or persistent drainage >14 days). Minor leaks were managed conservatively, and major leaks underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and endoscopic biliary stenting. RESULTS: Fifty-one @entity1 (12%) developed a @entity1157 after liver @entity130 . Eleven @entity1 (22%) with an extrahepatic duct injury underwent open surgery. Forty @entity1 (78%) had an intrahepatic @entity1157 . Twenty-six @entity1 (65%) with @entity1157 were treated conservatively, and 14 @entity1 (35%) with major leaks underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and internal drainage. All @entity1157 resolved. There was no significant difference in the two groups with respect to septic complications (p = 0.125), intensive care unit stay (p = 0.534), hospital stay (p = 0.164), or mortality (p = 1.000). CONCLUSION: Sixty-five percent of the intrahepatic @entity1157 following @entity130 are minor and easily managed conservatively. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiogram and internal drainage should be reserved for major leaks. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Management of biliary complications in 412 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leaks', 'minor bile leaks', 'bile leak', 'Bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injuries']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 9002 Background: @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) are one of the most common histological types of soft tissue @entity242 and are usually resistant to standard chemotherapy. Novel agents that can cause apoptosis must be explored. The @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway is an important survival pathway and is upregulated in many @entity5 cells. Recent publications have shown that the @entity584 pathway is an important survival pathway for a uterine @entity1822 cell line, SKLMS-1. In this study we examined the effects of @entity2306 , a specific PI 3-kinase inhibitor on the survival of the SKLMS-1 cell line. METHODS: Various doses of @entity2306 were added to growing SKLMS-1 cells for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cells were harvested at these time points and counted. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by @entity2667 staining. Apoptosis was analyzed by both TUNEL assay and cleavage of @entity9190 by western blotting. Cell lysates were analyzed for @entity18923 , @entity7596 , and @entity5438 by western blot. RESULTS: At all doses (10, 20 and 50  M) @entity2306 caused G0/G1 growth arrest at 24hours in a dose-dependent manner. Cells that were treated for 48 and 72 hours were killed as demonstrated by decreased cell counts, TUNEL assay and @entity9190 cleavage. Apoptosis occurred in both a time and dose dependent manner. At a dose of 10  M, a 5-fold and 14-fold decrease in cell number was found at 48 and 72 hours respectively, compared to cells treated with the control @entity3733 . At a dose of 50  M, cell count revealed more than a 12-fold decrease in cell numbers for both 48 and 72 hours. Analysis of the cell cycle distribution correlated with the cell counts. Results showed that @entity2306 arrested the cells early in G0/G1 allowing them to transverse through one cell cycle, and then become trapped in G0 and ultimately die through apoptosis. Expression of @entity7596 and @entity18923 was reduced in the treated cells. Interestingly, @entity5438 levels did not increase with treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity10412 inhibitor, @entity2306 caused apoptosis in a both dose and time dependent manner. At 24 hours cells were arrested in G0/G1. At higher doses and at 48 and 72 hours, cells were killed by apoptosis. These preclinical data may provide an opportunity for the development of novel therapies that target the @entity43977 / @entity584 pathway No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The effect of the @entity10412 / @entity584 pathway inhibition on XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity43977 :: ('p|SUB|P|13|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P13K']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['Leiomyosarcomas', 'LMS']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity62669 ( @entity9348 ) is a versatile platform intermediate and building block for a number of high-value products in the pharmaceutical and food industries. It also has a wide range of applications, such as drugs for the nervous system, cosmetics, and luminophores. Chemical synthesis of @entity9348 is a complicated and costly process. Moreover, through the biosynthesis route employing @entity14890 oxidase, the byproduct @entity273 leads the degradation of @entity9348 . TdiD, identified as a specific @entity6635 aminotransferase, could be an alternative solution for efficient @entity9348 biosynthesis. RESULTS: @entity23208 , which demonstrates basic production when supplied with @entity6635 , was engineered for @entity9348 biosynthesis. Several strategies were implemented to improve @entity9348 production. First, through incorporating the codon-optimized tdiD into W3110, @entity9348 levels increased from 41.54      1.26 to 52.54      2.08  mg/L. Second, after verifying the benefit of an increased @entity34633 pool, a YL03 strain was constructed based on a previously reported mutant strain of W3110 with a plasmid carrying aroF (fbr) and pheA (fbr) to further improve @entity9348 production. The recombinant YL03 strain accumulated @entity9348 at 158.85      5.36  mg/L, which was 3.82-fold higher than that of the wild-type W3110 strain. Third, optimization of tdiD (co) expression was carried out by replacing the Trc promoter with a series of constitutively active promoters along with increasing the plasmid copy numbers. The highest @entity9348 production was observed in YL08, which achieved 236.42      17.66  mg/L and represented a greater than 5-fold increase as compared to W3110. Finally, the effects of deletion and overexpression of tnaA on @entity9348 biosynthesis were evaluated. The removal of tnaA led to slightly reduced @entity9348 levels, whereas the overexpression of tnaA resulted in a considerable decline in production. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates the feasibility of @entity9348 biosynthesis in @entity526 through tdiD. An efficient @entity9348 producing strain, YL08, was developed, which provides a new possibility for biosynthesis of @entity9348 . Although the final production was limited, this study demonstrates a convenient method of @entity9348 synthesis.

title: Metabolic engineering of @entity62669 biosynthesis in XXXX with tdiD.

entities_list: @entity34633 :: ('MESH:C031606', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity62669 :: ('CHEBI:29750', 'Chemical') :: ['Indole pyruvic acid']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity14890 :: ('CHEBI:15705', 'Chemical') :: ['L-amino acid']

entities_list: @entity23208 :: ('316407', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli strain W3110']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) are considered to be glutamatergic, but they contain @entity367 decarboxylase, @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ), and the vesicular @entity1246 transporter mRNA. Their expression is regulated in an activity-dependent manner and coincides with the appearance of GABAergic transmission from the @entity28802 ( @entity28802 ) to pyramidal cells in area @entity1400 . These data support the hypothesis that @entity28802 are able to release @entity2227 and @entity1246 . Following the principle that a given neuron releases the same neurotransmitter(s) onto all its targets, we here demonstrate the emergence, after a generalized convulsive @entity410 , of @entity28802 GABAergic signaling sensitive to activation mGluR-III onto pyramidal cells and interneurons of @entity1400 . Despite this, excitation overrides inhibition in interneurons, preventing disinhibition. Furthermore, on blockade of @entity1246 and @entity2227 ionotropic receptors, an M1-cholinergic depolarizing signal is also revealed in both targets, which postsynaptically modulates the glutamatergic and GABAergic fast neurotransmission. The emergence of these nonglutamatergic signals depends on protein synthesis. In contrast to cholinergic responses evoked by associational/commissural fibers activation, cholinergic transmission evoked by DG stimulation is only observed after @entity410 and is strongly depressed by the activation of mGluR-II, whereas both are depressed by M2-AChR activation. With immunohistological experiments, we show that this cholinergic pathway runs parallel to the @entity28802 . Thus @entity410 compromise a delicate balance of excitation and inhibition, on which a complex interaction of different neurotransmitters emerges to counteract excitation at pre- and postsynaptic sites. Particularly, @entity28802 GABAergic inhibition emerges to exert an overall inhibitory action on @entity1400 .

title: Activity-dependent induction of multitransmitter signaling onto pyramidal cells and interneurons of hippocampal area XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-amino butyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity28802 :: ('MESH:D004604', 'Disease') :: ['MF', 'mossy fibers']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity1400 :: (761,Gene) :: ['CA3']


abstract: Four @entity1 with a @entity789 were operated upon transvaginally using the Latzko technique of partial colpocleisis. In 3 of the 4 @entity1 , the @entity292 had been formed after total hysterectomy for @entity1868 uteri or @entity46 . The periods from fistulization-to-surgery intervals in these 3 @entity1 were 4 months, 12 months, and 4 years and 4 months, respectively. The @entity292 in the remaining one @entity1 had been formed after forceps delivery. The @entity1 underwent surgery 8 days after delivery. An indwelling catheter was retained for 3 to 14 days after surgery. The 4 @entity1 were all cured of @entity789 after a single operation. This paper describes our partial colpocleisis technique and discusses its clinical utility. The partial colpocleisis has the advantages of dispensing with such procedures as @entity292 excision, @entity292 opening suture, and suturation of the bladder musculature, and of closing the fistulas using a demucosated vaginal wall. Having minimal surgical invasiveness and being easy to perform and reliable, the technique appears to be excellent for coping with @entity789 .

title: [Partial colpocleisis for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas', 'vesicovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital readmission is gathering increasing attention as a measure of health care quality and a potential cost-saving target. The purpose of this prospective study was to determine risk factors for readmission within 30 days of discharge after gastrectomy for @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of @entity1 undergoing radical gastrectomy for @entity356 from October 2013 to November 2014 in our institution. The incidence, cause and risk factors for 30-day readmission were determined. RESULTS: A total of 376 @entity1 were included in our analysis without loss in follow-up. The 30-day readmission rate after radical gastrectomy for @entity356 was 7.2% (27of 376). The most common cause for readmission included @entity344 . On the basis of multivariate logistic regression analysis, preoperative nutritional risk screening 2002 score >=  3 was an independent risk factor for 30-day readmission. Factors not associated with a higher readmission rate included a history of a major @entity260 during the index hospitalization, prolonged primary length of hospital stay after surgery, a history of previous abdominal surgery, advanced age, body mass index, pre-existing cardiopulmonary comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiology grade, type of resection, extent of node dissection and discharge disposition. CONCLUSIONS: Readmission within 30 days of discharge after radical gastrectomy for @entity356 is common. @entity1 with nutritional risk preoperatively are at high risk for 30-day readmission. Preoperative optimization of nutritional status of @entity1 at nutritional risk may effectively decrease readmission rates.

title: Risk factors for hospital readmission after radical gastrectomy for XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal complications and postoperative infections']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complication']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the 30-day mortality, long-term survival and freedom from reoperation following surgery for @entity884 (PVE). METHOD: A retrospective analysis of data from the UK Heart Valve Registry of 322 @entity1 who had undergone single mechanical/bioprosthetic valve replacement for PVE between 1 January 1986 and 31 December 1996. The mean age was 54.9 +/- 12.8 years and 213 (66.1%) were males. There were 170 aortic and 152 mitral valve implantations. Eighty-five (26%) of the infected valves were bioprosthetic and 237 (74%) were mechanical. Of the new prostheses implanted 53 (17%) were bioprosthetic and 269 (83%) were mechanical. Of those with infected bioprostheses, 50 (15.2%) had mechanical valves at redo surgery, whilst 219 (68.3%) of infected mechanical prostheses were re-replaced by mechanical prostheses. The follow-up was 98% complete with a total of 1084.9 @entity1 years. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality was 63 (19.9%; 95%CI 15.9-24.7%). There were 85 late deaths. One, 5 and 10 year survival rates were 67.1% (61.6-72.0%), 55.0% (49.0-60.7%) and 37.6% (27.9-47.2%), respectively. Age was the only significant determinant of 30-day mortality (P = 0.04). Age (P = 0.001) and explanting of infected bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P = 0.04) determined long-term survival (P = 0.001). The incidence of re-reoperation was 9.9%. Freedom from reoperation for PVE was 88.4, 87.3 and 87.3% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Explanting of bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P < 0.001) and reoperation within 60 days of native valve replacement (P = 0.02) were determinants of reoperation for PVE. Freedom from @entity204 or reoperation was 61.1, 50.6 and 34.2% at 1, 5 and 10 years, respectively. Age (P = 0.003), explanting of bioprosthesis and replacement by mechanical valve (P = 0.002) and the period between prosthetic re-replacement (P = 0.04) determined freedom from @entity204 or reoperation. CONCLUSION: Operation for PVE carries a high 30-day mortality and reduced long-term survival. There is no evidence that type of prosthesis used for re-reoperation determines survival or freedom from re-reoperation.

title: Thirty-day mortality and long-term survival following surgery for XXXX : a study from the UK heart valve registry.

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['prosthetic endocarditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of dimeric growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor super family and are capable of eliciting new bone formation. Previous studies have suggested that the coexpression of two different BMP genes in a cell can result in the production of BMP heterodimers that are more potent than homodimers. However, because of the difficulty in optimizing the level of BMP gene expression, the coexpression of two different BMP genes also produces BMP homodimers as a by-product. These homodimers could, in theory, interact with the heterodimers. PURPOSE: To elucidate the effects of a @entity59159 heterodimer, which were investigated in depth using purified @entity2095 /7 heterodimers, @entity2095 homodimers, and @entity21405 homodimers in a @entity35 spinal fusion model. METHODS: Bilateral posterolateral fusion at L4-L5 was performed in four different groups: control group animals were implanted with collagen carriers alone; @entity21405 group animals with collagen carriers+1  g of @entity21405 homodimer; @entity2095 group animals with collagen carriers+1  g of @entity2095 homodimer; and @entity2095 /7 group animals with collagen carriers+1  g of the @entity2095 /7 heterodimer. The following assessments were performed: bone microstructural analysis of the fusion mass and tissue volume (TV) with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT); fusion assessment with manual palpation testing and three-dimensional CT images; and bone histomorphometrical analysis of the fusion mass. RESULTS: The fusion scores, as determined by radiography, and the TV of the newly formed bone, as determined by micro-CT, were significantly higher in the @entity59159 heterodimer group than the other groups (p<.0001). The microstructural indices of the newly formed bone did not differ between the groups. Moreover, histologic analysis of the fused spines revealed that the formation of the trabecular bone bridging the transverse process was the highest in this group. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that @entity59159 heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than @entity2095 or -7 homodimers. The use of a purified @entity2095 /7 heterodimer may represent an efficient alternative to the current clinical use of @entity2095 or -7 homodimers. Further studies as to the side effects of @entity2095 /7 heterodimer are required.

title: The XXXX heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than the individual homodimers in a @entity35 spinal fusion model.

answer: @entity59159 :: (29373;85272,Gene) :: ['bone morphogenetic protein-2/7']


abstract: @entity1544 (SQM) of the ocular mucosal epithelium is a blinding @entity2687 characterized by the loss of conjunctival goblet cells (GCs), pathological ocular surface keratinization and tissue recruitment of immune cells. Using the autoimmune regulator (Aire)-deficient @entity19 as a model for @entity244 ( @entity244 )-associated SQM, we identified @entity1961 (+) T lymphocytes as the main immune effectors driving SQM and uncovered a pathogenic role for interleukin-1 ( @entity5003 ). @entity5003 , a pleiotropic cytokine family enriched in ocular epithelia, governs tissue homeostasis and @entity1200 . Here, we used adoptive transfer of autoreactive @entity1961 (+) T cells to dissect the mechanism whereby @entity5003 promotes SQM. @entity1961 (+) T cells adoptively transferred from both Aire knockout (KO) and @entity34551 ( @entity34551 ) double KO donors conferred SQM to severe-combined immunodeficiency (scid) recipients with functional @entity34551 , but not scid recipients lacking @entity34551 . In the lacrimal gland, @entity34551 was primarily immunolocalized to ductal epithelium surrounded by @entity1961 (+) T cells. In the eye, @entity34551 was expressed on local mucosal epithelial and stromal cells, but not on resident antigen-presenting cells or infiltrating immune cells. In both tissues, autoreactive @entity1961 (+) T-cell infiltration was only observed in the presence of @entity34551 -postive resident cells. Moreover, persistent activation of @entity34551 signaling led to chronic immune-mediated inflammation by retaining @entity1961 (+) T cells in the local microenvironment. Following @entity34551 -dependent infiltration of @entity1961 (+) T cells, we observed SQM hallmarks in local tissues-corneal keratinization, conjunctival GC mucin acidification and epithelial cell @entity1373 throughout the ocular surface mucosa. Proinflammatory @entity5003 expression in ocular epithelial cells significantly correlated with reduced tear secretion, while @entity1961 (+) T-cell infiltration of the lacrimal gland predicted the development of ocular SQM. Collectively, data in this study indicated a central role for @entity5003 in orchestrating a functional interplay between immune cells and resident cells of @entity244 -targeted tissues in the pathogenesis of SQM.

title: Interleukin-1 receptor mediates the interplay between XXXX + T cells and ocular resident cells to promote keratinizing squamous metaplasia in @entity244 .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['Keratinizing squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal immunity']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome", 'SS']

answer: @entity1961 :: (12504(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: @entity1875 by continuous intravenous infusion was used as an alternative to @entity3810 / @entity26 for conscious sedation in 19 @entity1 undergoing out- @entity1 dental treatment. @entity1 were either extremely anxious or mentally and/or physically handicapped. @entity1875 was administered by a syringe pump at an initial rate of 3 mg/kg/hour. During the procedure the infusion rate was adjusted to attain and maintain the desired level of conscious sedation. The mean time from starting the @entity1875 infusion until reaching the required level of sedation was 11.5 (SD 3.5) minutes. The mean infusion rate was 3.6 (SD 0.65) mg/kg/hour. The average duration of the dental procedure was 55.9 (SD 18.8) minutes. Sedation was satisfactory in all but two @entity1 . There were no side-effects. Recovery was rapid after stopping the infusion. It is concluded that @entity1875 is an acceptable alternative to nitrous @entity8369 / @entity26 for conscious sedation in the dental surgery.

title: Conscious sedation with XXXX in dentistry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol', 'Propofol']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity1875 :: (MESH:D015742,Chemical) :: ['propofol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electromagnetic (EM)-guided neuronavigation is an innovative technique and a viable alternative to opto-electric navigation. We have performed a safety and feasibility study using EM-guided neuronavigation for posterior fossa surgery in the semi-sitting position in a selected subset of @entity1 . METHODS: Out of 284 @entity1 with @entity5 operated upon over a period of 40  months, a subset of 15 @entity1 was thought to possibly benefit from EM navigational guidance and was included in this study. There were six @entity1 and nine adults (aged between 8 and 84  years; mean age, 34.6  years) with different @entity5 in the brainstem or close to the midline. All @entity1 had contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head preoperatively. EM-guided navigation was used to identify and preserve the venous sinuses during craniotomy and to determine the trajectory to the lesion using various approaches. Neuronavigation accuracy was repeatedly checked for deviations measured in millimetres on screen shots during surgery before and after dural opening in the coronal (z   =   vertical), axial (x   =   mediolateral) and sagittal (y   =   anteroposterior) plane. RESULTS: Referencing of the @entity1 in the supine position was fast and easy. There was no loss of navigation accuracy after repositioning of the @entity1 in the semi-sitting position (mean, 2.5  mm    0.92  mm). Identification of the pathological structure using EM navigation was achieved in all instances. Optimal angulation of the neck was selected individually to permit a comfortable position for the surgeon with full access to the lesion avoiding over-flexion. Deviation of accuracy at the surface of the @entity75 ranged between 2.5 and 5.8  mm (mean, 3.9  mm    1.1  mm). CONCLUSIONS: EM-guided neuronavigation in the semi-sitting position was safe and technically feasible. It enabled fast and accurate referencing without loss of navigation accuracy despite repositioning of the @entity1 . In contrast to conventional opto-electric neuronavigation there were no line of sight problems.

title: Electromagnetic navigation-guided surgery in the semi-sitting position for XXXX : a safety and feasibility study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumours', 'neoplasms']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['posterior fossa tumours']


abstract: We studied the fractionization of walking training and searched for the minimum dose to affect coronary risk factors in two randomized controlled trials. Altogether 134 (Study I) and 121 (Study II) healthy, sedentary postmenopausal @entity1 started the trials, and 130 (Study I) and 116 (Study II) completed them. In Study I the exercise intensity was 65% of the maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and a total of 300 kcal was expended in one (Group W1) or two (Group W2) daily walking bouts. In Study II the exercise was continuous, and the exercise intensity (% of VO2max) and energy expenditure (kcal session(-1)) were 55% and 300 kcal (Group W3), 45% and 300 kcal (Group W4), 55% and 200 kcal (Group W5) and 45% and 200 kcal (Group W6). All the subjects walked 5 days a week. The outcome measures were blood pressure, serum lipoproteins and blood @entity413 and plasma insulin in fasting state and also during 2-h oral @entity413 tolerance test in Study I. There was no change in diastolic pressure in the original study groups, but in the combined exercise group (W1+W2) in Study I, the mean diastolic pressure declined by -3.0 mmHg (95% con-fidence interval (CI) -5.5 to -0.4) (P=0.025) in comparison with that of the controls. The mean blood @entity413 declined by -0.21 mmol L(-1) (CI -0.33 to -0.09) in Group W1 and -0.13 mmol L(-1) (CI -0.25 to -0.01) in Group W2 compared to controls (P=0.03). Also the 2-h @entity413 concentration decreased in Groups W1 and W2 compared to controls. Systolic blood pressure, serum lipoproteins and insulin levels did not change in Study I or Study II. We conclude that our training program with the greatest exercise dose, exercise intensity 65% of VO2max and weekly expenditure of 1500 kcal had a minimal, positive effect on diastolic pressure and blood @entity413 , and the effect was similar in one or two daily exercise session groups. This exercise dose is probably close to the minimum to affect coronary risk factors in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 . To get a more pronounced and clinically relevant effect, a greater exercise dose is needed.

title: Walking trials in postmenopausal XXXX : effect of low doses of exercise and exercise fractionization on coronary risk factors.

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterise the risk factors for chronic @entity417 (CINA) in older @entity1 , particularly the role of age-associated @entity8 . METHODS: @entity1 aged >= 65  years admitted to a medical unit over 12  months were assessed. Those with secondary causes of @entity417 including @entity740 ( @entity740 ) were excluded. CINA was defined as a haemoglobin <130  g/l for @entity1 and <120  g/l for @entity1 for at least 6  months without any apparent cause. Renal function was determined by estimating @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) using Cockcroft-Gault formula, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity740 ( @entity740 ) formulas. RESULTS: 116 had CINA. Controls were 572. The mean estimates of renal function were significantly lower in cases as compared with controls (P  <  0.001). The risk of CINA increased by 12.6, 10.4 and 12  %, respectively, for each unit decrease in CrCl, @entity8 - @entity470 and @entity740 - @entity470 , independent of age and other covariates. The adjusted odds ratios for CINA in those with CrCl, @entity8 or @entity740 @entity470 <60  ml/min/1.73  m(2) were 2.68 (CI 1.53-4.70); 2.70 (CI 1.57-4.62) and 2.12 (CI 1.46-3.74), respectively. Other covariates in the model that were independently associated with CINA included advanced age, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), use of @entity7774 converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), history of @entity303 and living in a residential care facility. CONCLUSIONS: Age-associated @entity8 independently contributes to CINA. Other potential risk factors for CINA include advanced age, @entity6 and ACEI or ARB use.

title: Chronic XXXX in older @entity1 : the risk factors and the role of age-associated @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['MDRD', 'renal impairment', 'modification of diet in renal disease']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic normocytic anaemia', 'anaemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration', 'CKD-EPI', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['idiopathic normocytic anaemia']


abstract: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) present with similar clinical symptoms of @entity73 , but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms differ. To determine whether clinical electroencephalography (EEG) can provide information relevant to discriminate between these diagnoses, we used quantitative EEG analysis to compare the spectra between non-medicated @entity1 with @entity195 (n   =   77) and @entity1294 (n   =   77) and healthy elderly normal controls (NC) (n   =   77). We use curve-fitting with a combination of a power loss and Gaussian function to model the averaged resting-state spectra of each EEG channel extracting six parameters. We assessed the performance of our model and tested the extracted parameters for group differentiation. We performed regression analysis in a multivariate analysis of covariance with group, age, gender, and number of epochs as predictors and further explored the topographical group differences with pair-wise contrasts. Significant topographical differences between the groups were found in several of the extracted features. Both @entity195 and @entity1294 groups showed increased delta power when compared to NC, whereas the @entity195 @entity1 showed a decrease in alpha power for occipital and temporal regions when compared with NC. The @entity1294 @entity1 had higher alpha power than NC and @entity195 . The @entity195 and @entity1294 groups showed slowing of the alpha rhythm. Variability of the alpha frequency was wider for both @entity195 and @entity1294 groups. There was a general decrease in beta power for both @entity195 and @entity1294 . The proposed model is useful to parameterize spectra, which allowed extracting relevant clinical EEG key features that move toward simple and interpretable diagnostic criteria.

title: EEG Spectral Features Discriminate between Alzheimer's and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia', 'VaD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['Vascular Dementia']


abstract: Repair of a groin hernia is strongly influenced by prosthetic mesh implantation carried out in nearly 50 % of all operations. Recurrency rates, however, did not decrease by this policy. Many different materials are available. Due to bioinstability on the long-term and elevated infection rates PTFE is not suitable for @entity169 . Polyester also provides no long-term stability and induces a chronic foreign body reaction. @entity7502 initially leads to an acute inflammatory reaction and often ends in @entity82 . Both reactions are related to the weight of the used mesh. All materials may lead to specific complications. These include @entity2080 formation, infection, migration of the prosthesis with arrosion of organs, damage of the vas deferens, development of recurrency by shrinkage of the fibers around the mesh, formation of adhesions in the preperitoneal position, and chronic @entity158 . Therefore, meshes should be used only after individual estimation of risks and benefit. This includes the hernia classification, the number of previous operations and the possibility of a defect in collagen metabolism. The unknown long-term risks for the @entity1 may be taken only in strong indications.

title: [Meshes in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['Polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal pain']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term damage to the residual kidney is of concern in the survivors of @entity3969 . Our objective was to evaluate the long-term glomerular function and size of the residual kidney in these @entity1 . Twenty-nine survivors of @entity3969 diagnosed between July 1999 and June 2004 were enrolled. The glomerular function was assessed by creatinine clearance, 99mTc DTPA radionuclide scintigraphy and 24-hour urinary protein. Renal size was evaluated by ultrasonography. Median age at diagnosis and at enrollment were 2.87    1.8 (range: 0.5-7.5) and 7.9    3.8  years (range: 2.5-18). Median duration of follow-up was 4.78    2.6  years (range: 1-8.8). Evidence of @entity8 in the form of either function or size was identified in eight (27.6%) @entity1 . Six @entity1 had subnormal glomerular filtration rate and one had @entity644 . Subnormal size of the residual kidney was observed in one @entity1 . Age at diagnosis, stage, and duration elapsed after nephrectomy had no association with @entity8 (P >.05). Long-term follow up is crucial to identify clinical nephrotoxicity among survivors of @entity3969 .

title: Function and Size of the Residual Kidney After Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Correct predictions of future blood @entity413 levels in individuals with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) can be used to provide early warning of upcoming hypo-/ @entity1602 events and thus to improve the @entity1 's safety. To increase prediction accuracy and efficiency, various approaches have been proposed which combine multiple predictors to produce superior results compared to single predictors. Three methods for model fusion are presented and comparatively assessed. Data from 23 @entity1723 subjects under sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy were used in two adaptive data-driven models (an autoregressive model with output correction - cARX, and a recurrent neural network - RNN). Data fusion techniques based on i) Dempster-Shafer Evidential Theory (DST), ii) Genetic Algorithms (GA), and iii) Genetic Programming (GP) were used to merge the complimentary performances of the prediction models. The fused output is used in a warning algorithm to issue alarms of upcoming hypo-/ @entity1602 events. The fusion schemes showed improved performance with lower root mean square errors, lower time lags, and higher correlation. In the warning algorithm, median daily false alarms (DFA) of 0.25%, and 100% correct alarms (CA) were obtained for both event types. The detection times (DT) before occurrence of events were 13.0 and 12.1 min respectively for hypo-/ @entity1602 events. Compared to the cARX and RNN models, and a linear fusion of the two, the proposed fusion schemes represents a significant improvement.

title: Multi-model data fusion to improve an early warning system for hypo-/ XXXX events.

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'Type 1 Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1602 :: (MESH:D006944,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In recent years, @entity9673 producing severe diseases have obtained an increased attention from public health authorities from the countries of Eurasia to the Americas. Brazil has reported 1,300 cases of @entity3358 ( @entity3358 ) from 1993 to 2010, with about 80 of them occurring in the northeast of the State of S  o Paulo, with 48% fatality rate. Araraquara virus was the causative agent of @entity3358 in the region. Considering that hantaviruses causing @entity1 disease in the Americas were unknown until 1993, we have looked for @entity9673 in the population of C  ssia dos Coqueiros county, northeast of the State of S  o Paulo, Brazil, before this time. This county has about 2,800 inhabitants and an economy based on agriculture, including cultivation of Brachiaria decumbens grass. The grass seeds are an important rodent attraction, facilitating transmission of hantavirus to @entity1 . Four @entity3358 cases were reported so far in the county. METHODS: In this study, 1,876 sera collected from 1987 to 1990 were tested for IgG to hantavirus by IgG-ELISA, using the N recombinant protein of Araraquara virus as antigen. RESULTS: Positive results were observed in 89 (4.7%) samples, which were all collected in 1987. The positivity among urban inhabitants was 5.3%, compared with 4.3% among those living in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that @entity9673 occurred in C  ssia dos Coqueiros, completely unrecognized, even before hantaviruses were described in the Americas.

title: A retrospective serologic survey of XXXX in the county of C  ssia dos Coqueiros, State of S  o Paulo, Brazil.

entities_list: @entity9673 :: ('MESH:D018778', 'Disease') :: ['hantavirus infections']

entities_list: @entity3358 :: ('MESH:D018804', 'Disease') :: ['HCPS', 'hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome']

answer: @entity9673 :: (MESH:D018778,Disease) :: ['hantavirus infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity15464 is a novel @entity554 indicated for the topical treatment of @entity5477 . The drug was introduced in India in 2001. AIMS: A post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity15464 gel 0.1% when used as monotherapy or in combination with other anti-acne agents in Indian @entity1 of @entity5477 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A 12-week, multicentre, open-label, non-comparative study involving 571 @entity1 from 21 centers across India was conducted between January and September of 2002. Concomitant prescription of other anti-acne drugs was permitted, if needed. RESULTS: Of the 571 @entity1 , 441 completed the treatment as per protocol. At the end of therapy, 96.3% of @entity1 showed an improvement in their acne from baseline, with greater than 75% improvement seen in two-thirds of @entity1 . Adverse events were reported in 24% of the @entity1 , none of which were serious. The tolerability of therapy was rated as excellent/good in 81% of @entity1 by physicians and in 78% by the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity15464 gel 0.1% is a safe and effective topical agent in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity5477 in Indian @entity1 . It may be safely combined with other topical and oral anti-acne agents.

title: Safety and efficacy of @entity15464 gel 0.1% in XXXX : results of a post-marketing surveillance study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity15464 :: ('MESH:C063610', 'Chemical') :: ['Adapalene', 'adapalene']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity5477 :: (MESH:D000152,Disease) :: ['acne vulgaris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intra-arterial chemotherapy is an effective modality to treat unresectable hepatic metastases from colorectal primaries if systemic chemotherapy has failed. Response rates of more than 40% and a median survival of 15 to 25 months have been reported from randomized trials. In this retrospective study, we analyzed specific technical complications associated with continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy for @entity14 . METHODS: From 1982 to 1995, single-center clinical data from 180 @entity1 with @entity14 were evaluated. Continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy was administered using either an implanted infusion pump or an intra-arterial port with an external infusion pump. The intra-arterial catheter was implanted according to the Watkins' technique. The treatment protocols consisted of @entity1487 - or @entity10049 -based regimens. RESULTS: A total of 70 @entity1 (39%) received an intra-arterial infusion pump and 110 @entity1 (61%) an intra-arterial port. Sixty-eight technical complications affected port systems (62%), whereas 29 @entity1 with pumps (41%) were affected by technical complications. Therapy-relevant complications were observed in 47% of the ports and 30% of the infusion pumps. The median complication-free survival was 12.2 months for infusion pumps and 7.3 months for ports (P =.0016). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that pumps are superior to ports in terms of complication rate and complication-free survival. On the basis of our results, pumps have a potential for a longer treatment, which may result in a prolonged median survival.

title: Technical complications of continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity10049 and XXXX for @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2318 are largely preventable complications of acne. 95% of the scars occur over the face thus impacting the quality of life. Correction of scars is the priority for acne @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with post acne @entity2318 attending the OPD during the period from April to October 2013 were offered four sittings of microneedling with PRP on one side and microneedling with @entity620 on other side of the face at an interval of 1 month. RESULTS: Twenty-seven out of the total 30 @entity1 completed the treatment schedule. Two @entity1 were lost to follow up and one dropped out of the study due to severe PIH. Mean age of the @entity1 was 27.5 years. Out of 30 @entity1 , 23 achieved reduction in scarring by one or two grades. Excellent response was seen in five (18.5%) @entity1 with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as compared to two (7%) @entity1 who received treatment with @entity620 according to physician's assessment. As far as up gradation by 1 score is considered, i.e., good response, it was similar in both cases. @entity620 did not prove to be as efficacious as PRP since 10 (37%) @entity1 had poor response in @entity620 -treated area compared to only 6 (22.2%) @entity1 who underwent PRP therapy, but @entity620 proved to be efficacious in dealing with post inflammatory @entity2118 secondary to acne. @entity1 were more satisfied with PRP as compared to @entity620 . The results were evaluated and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 16.0.2. CONCLUSIONS: Overall results were better with microneedling and PRP. @entity620 combined with microneedling also showed improvement with respect to firmness and smoothness of skin; as well as post inflammatory @entity2118 . Microneedling combined with PRP proved to be good in treating boxcar and rolling scars but had limited efficacy in dealing with @entity12967 .

title: Split Face Comparative Study of Microneedling with PRP Versus Microneedling with @entity620 in Treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['ice pick scars']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['Acne scars', 'atrophic facial scars']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-pigmentation']

answer: @entity2318 :: (MESH:D002921,Disease) :: ['Atrophic Post Acne Scars']


abstract: The present study evaluated a @entity1 with @entity882 and a rare @entity3459 associated with platelet spherocytosis. Differential interference phase contrast microscopy (DIC) revealed that his platelets were spherical in form. Examination of thin sections in the electron microscope showed that his platelets were nearly devoid of @entity44753 ( @entity44753 ) and microtubule coils (MTC) that support the discoid shape in 100% of normal platelets. Immunofluorescence with a monoclonal antibody to tubulin, the precursor protein of @entity44753 , revealed bright rings in normal cells and diffuse fluorescence of @entity1 platelets. The brightness of the fluorescence emitted by @entity1 platelets was comparable to the diffuse fluorescence of normal platelets after chilling to dissolve intact @entity44753 , suggesting normal and @entity1 cells contained comparable amounts of tubulin. Exposure of @entity1 platelets to Taxol, an agent that stabilizes and induces @entity44753 , caused @entity44753 formation in 82% of @entity1 platelets and MTC development in 11%, resulting in their conversion to discs. Glycoproteins @entity1427 /IIIa and GPIb were present on @entity1 platelets, and the cells contained normal numbers of dense bodies, ruling out storage pool disease. The @entity1 's platelets adhered to and spread normally on glass but failed to undergo rapid, irreversible aggregation when stirred with agents that produced a complete response in normal discoid platelets, even when the @entity1 's platelets were concentrated. The poor response of spherical platelets was associated with failure to become irregular and extend long filopodia. Thus, the spherical shape of @entity1 platelets may contribute to the @entity882 and to the clinical @entity548 symptoms.

title: Platelet spherocytosis: a new XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['congenital bleeding disorder']

entities_list: @entity44753 :: ('MESH:C567137', 'Disease') :: ['MT', 'microtubules']

answer: @entity3459 :: (MESH:D025861,Disease) :: ['bleeding disorder']


abstract: Peroxisomes can arise de novo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via a maturation process. Peroxisomes can also multiply by fission. We have investigated how these modes of multiplication contribute to peroxisome numbers in @entity375 and the role of the dynamin-related proteins (Drps) in these processes. We have developed pulse-chase and mating assays to follow the fate of existing peroxisomes, de novo-formed peroxisomes, and ER-derived preperoxisomal structures. We find that in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) cells, peroxisomes multiply by fission and do not form de novo. A marker for the maturation pathway, @entity12090 -GFP, is delivered from the ER to existing peroxisomes. Strikingly, cells lacking peroxisomes as a result of a segregation defect do form peroxisomes de novo. This process is slower than peroxisome multiplication in @entity164 cells and is Drp independent. In contrast, peroxisome fission is Drp dependent. Our results show that peroxisomes multiply by growth and division under our assay conditions. We conclude that the ER to peroxisome pathway functions to supply existing peroxisomes with essential membrane constituents.

title: XXXX peroxisomes multiply by growth and division.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated the impact of @entity260 on survival and recurrence after curative surgery for @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: This study included 164 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for @entity788 between 2005 and 2014. The @entity1 were classified into those with @entity260 (C group) and those without @entity260 (NC group). The risk factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were identified. RESULTS: @entity260 were found in 61 out of the 164 @entity1 (37.2%). The @entity1349 rate at five years after surgery was 10.6% in the C group and 21.0% in the NC group. The @entity1349 tended to be worse in the C group than in the NC group (p=0.1756). The @entity1349 rate at five years after surgery was 7.4% in the C group and 22.8% in the NC group, which was significantly different (p=0.0189). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the occurrence of @entity260 was a significant independent risk factor for @entity1349 and a marginally significant risk factor for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: The development of @entity260 was a risk factor for a decreased @entity1349 in the @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for @entity788 . The surgical procedure, perioperative care and the surgical strategy should be carefully planned to avoid complications.

title: Impact of @entity260 on survival and recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity5 growth, proteolytic remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a key factor. To determine proteolytic activity in @entity1 @entity11 cells, fibrinolytic activity, mRNA expression of fibrinolytic factors, and fibrinolytic inhibitors were studied in @entity1 @entity11 cell lines. The effect of platelet activating factor ( @entity5567 ), a potent mediator of inflammatory and immune responses, on this fibrinolytic activity was also examined. METHODS: The fibrinolytic activities of conditioned medium and cell lysates from @entity1 @entity11 cell lines, A172, T98G, U87 and @entity26381 were studied by fibrin plate zymography. mRNA expression of @entity1456 ( @entity1456 ), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors ( @entity2289 , @entity10933 ) was measured by Northern blot analysis. @entity5567 was added to the medium, and its effects on cell proliferation, fibrinolytic activity, mRNA expression of plasminogens and inhibitors were studied. RESULTS: mRNA expression of plasminogens and inhibitors differed between individual cell lines. Only the medium and cell lysates from A172 cells revealed fibrinolytic activity. A172 cells showed mRNA expression of @entity1456 . @entity5567 at low concentrations, such as 1 nM, stimulated A172 cell proliferation, and high concentrations of @entity5567 inhibited proliferation. @entity5567 stimulated @entity1456 release into the conditioned medium. mRNA expression of @entity1456 was stimulated by low concentrations of @entity5567 and inhibited by high concentrations. CONCLUSION: The variability of mRNA expression of plasminogen activators (PAs) between different @entity11 cell lines may indicate that plasminogens and their inhibitors do not directly correlate with @entity1313 growth. @entity5567 may be an important factor in the local control of fibrinolytic activity in @entity11 and its proliferation.

title: Modulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator expression by platelet activating factor in XXXX @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator', 'tPA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the @entity28371 gene and the risk of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The PubMed, CISCOM, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases were searched from inception through October 1, 2013, without language restrictions. Nine case-control studies with a total of 2172 @entity195 @entity1 and 8017 healthy controls were involved in this meta-analysis. Two common polymorphisms ( @entity43095 @entity14552 and @entity61496   @entity4866 ) in the @entity28371 gene were assessed. Our meta-analysis results showed that @entity28371 @entity61496   @entity4866 polymorphism might increase the risk of @entity195 (A allele vs. G @entity74 , 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.02-1.21, p=0.014; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.07-1.52, p=0.006; AA vs. GG: OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.10-1.70, p=0.003; AA vs. AG: OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.03-1.50, p=0.020; respectively). However, we found no correlations of @entity28371 @entity43095 @entity14552 polymorphism with @entity195 risk (all p>0.05). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested positive associations between @entity28371 @entity61496   @entity4866 polymorphism and an increased risk of @entity195 among Caucasians (A allele vs. G allele: OR=1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.21, p=0.014; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.34, 95% CI=1.06-1.69, p=0.015; AA vs. GG: OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.07-1.70, p=0.011; respectively), but not among Asians (all p>0.05). No associations were found between @entity28371 @entity43095 @entity14552 polymorphism and @entity195 risk among both Asians and Caucasians (all p>0.05). Our findings provide empirical evidence that @entity28371 @entity61496   @entity4866 polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to @entity195 , especially among Caucasians. However, @entity28371 @entity43095 @entity14552 polymorphism does not seem to be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of @entity195 .

title: Relationships Between XXXX Genetic Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4866 :: ('c|SUB|A||G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['A>G']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allele: odds ratio [OR]=1.11']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity28371 :: (1071,Gene) :: ['CETP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inevitable deterioration due to mechanical tethering is perceived as the natural history for complex congenital spinal lipomas of the conus medullaris region, even if asymptomatic at presentation. The conventional wisdom that prophylactic surgical untethering improves outcome has been challenged recently [1, 2]. This study examines the natural history of asymptomatic un-operated @entity1 with @entity362 ( @entity362 ) and investigates whether predictive factors herald deterioration. METHODOLOGY: Over the past decade, @entity1 presenting with complex @entity362 to a single clinician at Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), London, UK have undergone a thorough assessment focusing on neurological and urological evaluation and MRI of the lumbosacral spine. For @entity1 deemed to be asymptomatic, conservative management has been adopted with close periodic surveillance of neurological and urological function, thus avoiding untethering surgery unless symptomatic deterioration occurs. A retrospective review identified this cohort of @entity1 asymptomatic of their @entity362 and their progress closely recorded. DISCUSSION: This study suggests that the natural history of this subgroup of @entity3570 @entity1 may be more benign than hitherto considered. Conservative management with adoption of a novel surveillance policy and timely intervention only in the presence of symptomatic deterioration resulted in 71% of this series remaining clinically asymptomatic at mean follow up period of 5.9 years (range, 1.0-19.3 years). At 10 years, the cumulative risk of deterioration determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was 40%. @entity1 aged<2 years, female, with presence of a transitional type of @entity362 and associated syrinx were independently associated with a higher risk of deterioration.

title: Asymptomatic XXXX --a natural history study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['LSL', 'lumbosacral lipomas']

answer: @entity362 :: (MESH:D008067,Disease) :: ['lumbosacral lipomas']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the risk factors of @entity3025 in the early stage of @entity1566 . SETTING: Japan. METHODS: Urological evaluation, including cystography and urodynamic study was performed in @entity1 in the early stage of @entity1566 . The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group 1 included 13 @entity1 with @entity3025 . Group 2 included 97 @entity1 without @entity3025 . We compared Group 1 and Group 2 regarding @entity1494 , the level of @entity1566 , @entity1494 , bladder compliance, high urethral closure pressure and method of urine evacuation. RESULTS: The @entity1 injured between Th10 and L2 showed a significantly higher incidence of @entity3025 than those injured in other areas (P<0.01). Furthermore, bladder compliance among @entity1 with @entity3025 tended to be low. Other factors showed no differences between @entity1 with and without @entity3025 . CONCLUSION: Injuries between Th10 and L2 involve the sympathetic nervous system. @entity1 with such injuries often exhibited @entity3025 in the early stage of @entity1566 .

title: XXXX in the early stage of @entity1566 : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder behaviour', 'bladder deformation']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity3025 :: (MESH:D014718,Disease) :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']


abstract: AIMS: To report disease outcomes and late urinary @entity137 profile. To assess the impact of changing technique and evolving quality assurance on genitourinary @entity137 rates. METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred eighty @entity1 were treated with external beam radiation therapy and high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) for localized intermediate- and high-risk @entity263 , between December 2002 and February 2012. The HDRB technique evolved over the period of this study, from 19.5  Gy/3 (n  = 68), to 17  Gy/2 (n  = 40), 18  Gy/2 (n  = 39), and most recently 19  Gy/2 (n  = 33). In the two fraction cohort, 68 @entity1 underwent additional correction for catheter displacement before each fraction. RESULTS: With a median followup of 5.2 years, 5-year freedom from failure was 93.7% for intermediate, and 76.0% for high risk @entity1 . The 3- and 6-year cumulative stricture incidence for all @entity1 was 7.8% and 15.3%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in stricture rate for the four dose levels used nor between the three fractions and the two fraction technique overall. The 19  Gy/2 fractionation group had the lowest 3-year stricture rate (3.0%). The addition of correction for intrafraction catheter displacement did not result in a statistically significant difference in stricture rates, although the severity of strictures has been reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Our biochemical control is consistent with other similar series. We found no increase in late urinary @entity137 with a two fraction, two implant HDRB technique compared with three fractions. The HDRB dose did not correlate with stricture rates in our series. Correction of intra-fraction catheter displacement did not lead to a statistically significant reduction in stricture rates, although may have mitigated the effects of dose escalation.

title: High-dose rate brachytherapy boost for XXXX : Outcomes and genitourinary @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7463 is a @entity179 . Genetic, environmental, and possibly epigenetic factors contribute to disease. In order to better understand the potential role of epigenetic changes in @entity7463 , we investigated whether some microRNAs and their target genes are dysregulated. We analyzed expression of 372 well-characterized microRNAs in forebrains of a total of 40 @entity1 and of 40 controls using TaqMan arrays and SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR. The exploratory cohort included forebrains from 20 @entity1 and 20 controls provided by the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, Netherlands. Confirmatory samples were from Jacksonville, Florida, and from Melbourne, Australia. Both microRNA profiling and SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR revealed significant upregulation of @entity59933 ( @entity59933 ) and @entity52397 in the exploratory cohort. Highly increased expression of these two microRNAs was validated in the confirmatory samples. Target genes of @entity59933 ( @entity1265 , @entity59934 , @entity59935 ) and of @entity52397 ( @entity30139 , @entity36285 , @entity12158 ) were repressed in @entity1 ' forebrains. The results suggest that dysregulation of specific microRNAs contributes to disease by repressing target genes involved in various cellular functions.

title: microRNA profiling: increased expression of XXXX and @entity52397 in @entity7463 ( @entity7463 ).

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity7463 :: ('MESH:D013494', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive supranuclear palsy', 'progressive supranuclear palsy']

answer: @entity59933 :: (406939,Gene) :: ['miR-147a']


abstract: Recently, valve upgrade and/or endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which have the merit of no additional shunting, were introduced for the treatment of @entity9845 , because lumboperitoneal shunting entails various complications including development of @entity1645 , @entity5033 , and @entity281 . However, the safety of valve upgrading is not confirmed, especially in a @entity1 with @entity9845 developed as a result of @entity6437 cerebri. A 5-year-old @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri presented with @entity10 , intermittent @entity391 , and @entity227 . His cerebrospinal pressure during lumbar puncture was 69 cm @entity2507 and his magnetic resonance imaging revealed only small ventricles. He underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt resulting in dramatic improvement. Four months later, he returned with recurrent @entity340 with recurrent severe @entity10 and @entity227 . After shunt revision with a programmable valve, his intermittent valve malfunction was improved by upgrading the valve opening pressure. However, his visual acuity became progressively aggravated. He underwent a lumboperitoneal shunt with low-pressure valve, which resulted in the disappearance of intermittent @entity10 and a deterioration of visual acuity. We suggest that valve pressure upgrade in @entity1 with @entity9845 after ventriculoperitoneal shunt for @entity6437 cerebri may produce @entity227 that had already been compromised, even within the normal intracranial pressure range and with improvement of associated symptoms.

title: Valve pressure upgrade may produce progressive XXXX in @entity1 with @entity9845 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous valve malfunction']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration', 'acute deterioration of vision', 'sudden deterioration of visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['shunt malfunction']

entities_list: @entity9845 :: ('MESH:D056124', 'Disease') :: ['slit ventricle syndrome']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['deterioration of vision']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess aromatase inhibitor (AI) efficacy in increasing predicted adult height (PAH) and to describe clinical and biochemical safety profiles of AI-treated @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted at an academic @entity1 's hospital endocrinology clinic. Twenty-one @entity1 with predicted @entity851 and/or rapidly advancing bone age, divided as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) I-III Group 1 (G1, n=9) and @entity5 IV-V Group 2 (G2, n=12), were treated with AIs, either @entity4672 or @entity13558 (mean duration, G1: 2.4 years and G2: 0.9 years). Primary outcomes included PAH, hormonal/biochemical analytes, and clinical data. RESULTS: PAH did not significantly change in either group. Mean peak testosterone significantly increased from baseline to 650  458 ng/dL (p=0.008) in G1 and to 1156  302 ng/dL (p=0.002) in G2. @entity53 did not significantly change in either group. Compared to baseline, G2 showed increased mean FSH (p=0.002), LH (p=0.002), hematocrit (p=0.0001), body mass index (BMI) z-score (p=0.0005), and acne (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AIs did not increase PAH, regardless of @entity5 . @entity1 in late puberty had significant increases in @entity251 , gonadotropins, hematocrit, acne, and BMI, but no reduction in @entity53 . The potential consequences of these findings are concerning and require long-term study, especially if AIs are started in late puberty.

title: Are aromatase inhibitors in @entity1 with predicted XXXX and/or rapidly advancing bone age effective and safe?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Boys', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'Tanner stage']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity13558 :: ('MESH:C090450', 'Chemical') :: ['anastrozole']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 has been reported to have biological effects on renal function early in the course of @entity6 . This investigation was initiated to elucidate and amplify these findings with respect to protein leakage, hyperfiltration and renal functional reserve in @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: Acute effects of 140 minutes i.v. infusion of @entity1 @entity2690 (0.5 nmol x @entity1009 ) x kg(-1) body wt) on renal function and urinary protein leakage were studied in anesthetized @entity6 male @entity35 two weeks after @entity3839 injection without insulin treatment. @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 were studied with (N = 6) and without @entity2690 (N = 11) treatment. The two groups showed a similarly elevated blood @entity413 concentration during the study. Age-matched normal @entity35 served as controls (N = 5). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured by inulin clearance in the basal state and during a 60-minute @entity2228 infusion (0.22 mmol x @entity1009 ) x kg(-1) body wt)-resembling a protein load challenge-to test the renal functional reserve in all three groups. RESULTS: In the basal state, the non- @entity2690 -treated @entity6 @entity35 displayed increased GFR and @entity101 compared with normal @entity35 . Whereas normal @entity35 responded to @entity2228 infusion with an increase in GFR, no increase occurred in @entity6 @entity35 not treated with @entity2690 . In @entity6 @entity35 given @entity2690 , this reduced the initial glomerular hyperfiltration prior to @entity2228 infusion. This indicates a specific effect, since a control peptide with the same @entity535 composition as @entity2690 , but in a randomized sequence, had no such effect. @entity2690 also restored half of the normal renal functional reserve and resulted in 70% lower (P < 0.05) total protein leakage compared with that in @entity35 not given @entity2690 . CONCLUSION: Thus, short-term infusion of @entity2690 had beneficial effects on protein leakage and hyperfiltration and improved the renal functional reserve in @entity35 with experimental @entity6 .

title: Effects of @entity2690 on renal function at the early stage of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased total protein leakage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin', 'Streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: An isolated perfused @entity235 lung preparation in which determinants of vascular caliber could be individually controlled was developed. The relation of pulmonary arterial (Pa), @entity263 was such that Pa greater than PA greater than PV throughout the whole lung. The addition of @entity3044 to the perfusate abolished vascular reactivity. Once stability was reached, vascular cross-sectional area remained acceptably constant for 2.25 hours as judged by normalized conductance. The influence of perfusate hematocrit, @entity1503 , and pH on pressure-flow relations was then studied in 15 isolated @entity235 lungs. The hematocrit-vascular conductance relation was derived at constant perfusion pressure. Conductance varied linearly with hematocrit over a range of 16.5 to 89.5%. Mean pulmonary arterial @entity1503 were: @entity4095 = 121 mm Hg, PCO2 = 28 mm Hg, and pH = 7.46. Acute @entity12906 ( @entity4095 = 30 mm Hg, PCO2 = 81 mm Hg, pH = 7.17) and @entity8193 and @entity519 ( @entity4095 = 32 mm Hg, PCO2 = 21 mm Hg, pH = 6.96) did not significantly alter this relation. Transformation of the conductance-hematocrit data indicated that hematocrit was the most important determinant of relative apparent viscosity of the blood. Both acute respiratory and @entity8193 failed to significantly increase relative viscosity within the range of hematocrit usually found in secondary @entity6582 .

title: Influence of hematocrit, XXXX , and pH on pressure-flow relations in the isolated @entity235 lung.

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['venous (PV), and alveolar (PA) pressures']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood gas tensions']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprenaline']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood gas tensions']


abstract: Background. @entity1209 ( @entity1209 ) is one of common complications in @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of subhypnotic (1   mg/kg/h) infusion of @entity1875 with @entity619 on @entity1209 in @entity1 undergoing LC. Methods. A total of 120 @entity1 were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 3 groups; @entity1 of group @entity619 (group D) were administrated 8   mg @entity619 before induction of anesthesia, @entity1 of group @entity1875 (group P) were infused to subhypnotic (1   mg/kg/h) @entity1875 during operation and @entity1 of group control (group C) were applied infusion of 10% intralipid. The incidence of @entity1209 and needs for rescue analgesic and antiemetic were recorded in the first 24   h postoperatively. Results. In the 0-24   h, the incidence of @entity1209 was significantly lower in the group D and group P compared with the group C (37.5%, 40%, and 72.5%, resp.). There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity1209 and use of antiemetics and analgesic between group D and group P. Conclusion. We concluded that infusion of @entity1875 1   mg/kg/h is as effective as @entity619 for the prevention of @entity1209 during the first 24 hours after anesthesia in @entity1 undergoing LC.

title: Is infusion of subhypnotic @entity1875 as effective as XXXX in prevention of @entity1209 related to laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative nausea and vomiting', 'PONV']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that cerebral @entity50 ( @entity50 ) may be a potential patho-physiological cause of @entity5576 ( @entity5576 ). Endovascular therapy for @entity50 is emerging as a potential alternative to treat @entity5576 . Here, we present the results of our case series. METHOD: We prospectively collected angiographic and manometric data on @entity1 that underwent angioplasty/stenting for @entity5576 . All @entity1 had failed maximal medical therapy (MMT) and had @entity50 . Demographic, clinical and radiological presentation, and outcomes were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 18 @entity1 underwent 25 procedures. Demographics revealed a mean age of 30 (range 15-59), 83% (15/18) were female, 72% (13/18) were white, and mean body mass index of 36 (range 23-59.2). All @entity1 presented with classic @entity5576 . Symptom improvement or resolution was reported in 94% (17/18) of @entity1 . All @entity1 had resolution and/or stabilization/improvement of their @entity1829 . Headaches related to increased pressure improved in 56% (10/18). @entity850 and retreatment occurred in 33% (6/18). No procedural related complications were reported. CONCLUSION: Dural sinus angioplasty and stenting is relatively safe, feasible, and clinically efficacious for @entity1 with @entity50 who have failed standard therapy. The long-term durability of patency and clinical improvement remains unknown.

title: Stenting and angioplasty for XXXX : a case series with clinical, angiographic, ophthalmological, complication, and pressure reporting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Re-stenosis']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['dural sinus stenosis', 'confirmed sinus stenosis', 'symptomatic sinus stenosis', 'DSS']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension', 'IIH']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity2876 ( @entity2876 ) causes @entity253 in neonates. Although the Kasai operation can successfully treat certain @entity2876 cases, many @entity1 exhibit recurrent @entity1087 and @entity2835 requiring liver transplantation. Consequently, studies of the prognostic factors of the Kasai operation are needed. Accordingly, sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) pathway expression at the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD), an important bile duct repair mechanism, will be investigated via immunohistochemistry in @entity1 with @entity2876 to examine the association with post-Kasai operation prognosis. METHODS: Fifty-seven EHBD specimens were obtained during Kasai operations from 1992 to 2009. The @entity4851 , @entity2750 ( @entity2750 ), and @entity463 -2 (Gli-2) immunohistochemical staining results were analyzed quantitatively. RESULTS: Overall, 57.9% of @entity1 had bile flow normalization after the Kasai operation; 43.1% did not. High preoperative serum total @entity648 , direct @entity648 , and @entity492 aminotransferase levels were associated with sustained @entity1087 post-Kasai operation, as was an age >= 65days at the time of surgery (all p<0.05). High Gli-2 and @entity4851 expression rates were significantly associated with early post-Kasai operation @entity1087 relapse. CONCLUSION: Strong Gli-2 and @entity4851 expression in the EHBD might be a poor prognostic factor in Kasai operation-treated @entity1 with @entity2876 .

title: Sonic hedgehog ( @entity4851 ) and XXXX -2 (Gli-2) expressions are associated with poor @entity1087 .

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'Biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: MR imaging is considered the procedure of choice for detecting and staging soft-tissue @entity5 . Its ability to show differences between benign and malignant soft-tissue @entity5 and its usefulness in suggesting a specific histologic diagnosis remain controversial. We studied the MR features of @entity1352 in 34 @entity1 to determine if these @entity5 have specific MR findings that can be used to suggest the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imaging studies of 34 @entity1 with @entity1352 were collected from two institutions and studied to determine the following characteristics of the @entity5 : size, shape, location, signal intensity and homogeneity, margin definition, presence of @entity548 , and relationships to adjacent structures. These findings were then correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: The @entity5 tended to be deep, large (85% were > or = 5 cm in diameter), and located in the extremities with epicenters close to joints (63% within 7 cm of a joint). The lesions were usually inhomogeneous on T2-weighted images (82%) and clearly delineated from surrounding tissues (91%). Forty-four percent had high signal consistent with @entity548 on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Fluid-fluid levels, best visualized on T2-weighted images, were present in 18% of @entity1 . Thirty-five percent of the lesions had areas that were hyper-, iso-, and hypointense relative to fat on T2-weighted images, constituting a triple signal intensity. The @entity5 frequently involved adjacent bone, with 71% invading, eroding, or touching bone. No association of pathologic subtypes with specific imaging findings was noted. CONCLUSION: Our results show a spectrum of MR imaging findings in @entity1352 . Nevertheless, the results suggest that @entity1352 should be considered when MR images show a relatively well-defined but inhomogeneous @entity548 near a joint and in contact with bone. Fluid-fluid levels and areas hyper-, hypo-, and isointense relative to fat (triple signal) on T2-weighted sequences support the diagnosis.

title: @entity1352 : MR imaging findings in 34 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The nuclear protein Ki-67 is a proliferation index, as it is expressed only by dividing cells. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of Ki-67 determination on bone marrow biopsies of 35 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ). We examined the correlation of Ki-67 with other @entity1582 proliferation-related factors: @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity688 , @entity236 by plasma cells, serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH), and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ). Ki-67 expression was also correlated with the survival rate of the @entity1 . The results showed that Ki-67 expression increases with increasing stage of disease according to Durie-Salmon (classification stage III vs. I and II, p < 0.001). Furthermore, infiltration, @entity650 , LDH, and @entity2262 increase significantly with advancing stage of disease (p < 0.004). All parameters studied were significantly higher in @entity1 versus controls. Ki-67 correlated with @entity650 (r: 0.422, p < 0.01), LDH (r: 0.437, p < 0.01), and @entity2262 (r: 0.478, p < 0.004). There was a marked difference in survival between @entity1 with @entity1582 with Ki-67 greater than 8% and @entity1 with Ki-67 less than 8%, in favor of the latter (p < 0.07). We conclude that Ki-67 determination during routine pathological analysis of bone marrow in newly diagnosed @entity1582 could provide useful information about the proliferative activity and prognosis of the disease.

title: Ki-67 proliferation index: correlation with prognostic parameters and outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['b2M', 'beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Remineralization of dentin during dental caries is of considerable clinical interest. @entity21954 ( @entity21954 ) is a non-collagenous @entity460 -binding protein that plays a critical role in biomineralization. In the present study, we tested if peptides derived from @entity21954 can be used for dentin remineralization. Peptide pA (pA, MW = 1.726 kDa) and peptide pB (pB, MW = 2.185), containing common collagen-binding domains and unique @entity460 -binding domains, were synthesized by solid-phase chemistry. An extreme @entity75 scenario was created by collagenase digestion, and the biomineral-nucleating potential of these peptides was ascertained when coated on collagenase-treated dentin matrix and control, native @entity1 dentin matrix under physiological levels of @entity460 and @entity4613 . Scanning electron microscopy analysis suggests that peptide pB was an effective nucleator when compared with pA. However, a 1:4 ratio of pA to pB was determined to be ideal for dentin remineralization, based on @entity692 (HA) morphology and @entity460 / @entity3151 ratios. Interestingly, HA was nucleated on collagenase-challenged dentin with as little as 20 min of 1:4 peptide incubation. Electron diffraction confirmed the presence of large HA crystals that produced a diffraction pattern indicative of a rod-like crystal structure. These findings suggest that @entity21954 -derived peptides may be useful to modulate mineral deposition and subsequent formation of HA when exposed to physiological concentrations of @entity460 and @entity4613 .

title: @entity21954 -derived peptides promote remineralization of XXXX dentin.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesion']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity21954 :: ('1758', 'Gene') :: ['DMP1', 'Dentin matrix protein 1']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The prevalence of intravenous (IV) @entity1212 is 0.5 per 1000 device days, and these @entity281 cause @entity925 , erythema, swelling and @entity3527 . @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) may independently increase hospital costs and length of stay; the aim of the study was to set up a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the maintenance of peripheral vein catheter patency and the prevention of IV catheter-related complications. This is a retrospective study, enrolling @entity1 who received anesthesia between April 2010 and January 2011. The study included 1 month of pretest phase, and 3 months each of "notification" phase, "observation" phase and "end" phase, respectively. The cannulations were set up by surgical ward nurses following the SOP on establishing peripheral intravenous catheter in our hospital. The cannulation sites were then examined before surgery and postoperatively by registered nurse anesthetists using the Baxter Scale. We also tried to set up a feedback circuit to let ward nurses know about the IV patency rate. As a result, 14,682 @entity1 were enrolled in the study. The incidence of IV therapy-related adverse events was 0.78% in the notification phase, 0.43% in the observation phase, and 0.13% in the end phase. Overall IV therapy-related events declined significantly (p  <  0.01), and the presence of @entity3527 was associated with age (p  <  0.05). An SOP established to assess IV patency through a checklist can reduce @entity3527 and improve quality. The checklist increases ward nurses' and nurse anesthetists' awareness of IV patency, and the feedback circuit substantially reduces IV event rate.

title: Establish a perioperative check forum for peripheral intravenous access to prevent the occurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['CRBSI', 'catheter-related infections', 'Catheter-related bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity3527 :: (MESH:D010689,Disease) :: ['phlebitis']