abstract: A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography/positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI- @entity15 / @entity15 ) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of @entity3378 (SASP) and its main metabolite @entity27009 (SP) and @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) with 100  L of @entity1 plasma using dimenhydrinate as the internal standard (I.S.). The API-3000 LC- @entity15 / @entity15 was operated under the multiple reaction-monitoring mode (MRM) using the electrospray ionization technique. Protein precipitation process was used to extract SASP, SP, @entity3504 and I.S. from @entity1 plasma. The total run time was 9.0 min and the elution of SASP, SP and @entity3504 was at 4.8 min, 2.5 min and 2.0 min, respectively. The separation was achieved with a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% @entity5189 , 2 mM @entity6190 in water (mobile phase A) and 0.2% @entity5189 , 2 mM @entity6190 in @entity1042 (mobile phase B) by using gradient elution on a XBP @entity15060 column (100 mm   2.1 mm, 5  m). The developed method was validated in @entity1 plasma with a lower limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL for SASP, SP and @entity3504 , respectively. A linear response function was established for the range of concentrations 10-10,000 ng/mL (r>0.99) for SASP and 10-1000 ng/mL (r>0.99) for SP and @entity3504 . The intra and inter-day precision values for SASP, SP and @entity3504 met the acceptance as per FDA guidelines. SASP, SP and @entity3504 were stable during stability studies, i.e., long term, auto-sampler and freeze/thaw cycles. The method was successfully applied for the evaluation of pharmacokinetics of SASP, SP and @entity3504 after single oral doses of 250 mg SASP to 10 healthy volunteers.

title: Determination of @entity3378 and its main metabolite XXXX and @entity2983 in @entity1 plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6190 :: ('MESH:C018824', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium acetate']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphasalazine']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminosalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity27009 :: ('MESH:D013427', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphapyridine']

answer: @entity27009 :: (MESH:D013427,Chemical) :: ['sulphapyridine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In germline @entity5345 or @entity2674 ( @entity14049 ) mutation carriers, restoration of @entity5 @entity14049 function by a secondary mutation is recognized as a mechanism of resistance to @entity902 and @entity9190 inhibitors, primarily in @entity43 . We evaluated this mechanism of resistance in newly diagnosed @entity14049 -mutant @entity0 @entity1 with poor response to neoadjuvant @entity902 -based therapy. METHODS: PrECOG 0105 was a phase II neoadjuvant study of @entity136 , @entity3003 and iniparib in @entity1 with stage I-IIIA triple-negative or @entity14049 mutation-associated @entity0 (n=80). All @entity1 underwent comprehensive @entity14049 genotyping. For mutation carriers with moderate or extensive @entity66 after neoadjuvant therapy, @entity14049 status was re-sequenced in the residual surgical @entity0 tissue. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 had a deleterious germline @entity14049 mutation and 4 had moderate @entity66 at surgery. @entity14049 sequencing of residual tissue was performed on three @entity1 . These @entity1 had @entity5345 @entity60436 , @entity60437 and @entity60438 mutations, respectively, with loss of heterozygosity at these loci in the pre-treatment @entity5 . In the first case, a new @entity5345 mutation was detected in the @entity66 . This resulted in a 14 @entity3689 deletion and restoration of the @entity5345 reading frame. A local relapse biopsy four months later revealed the identical reversion mutation, and the @entity1 subsequently died of metastatic @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: We report a @entity5345 reversion mutation in a newly diagnosed triple-negative @entity0 @entity1 that developed over 18 weeks of @entity902 -based neoadjuvant therapy. This was associated with poor therapy response, early relapse and @entity204 .

title: Tumor @entity5345 Reversion Mutation Arising During Neoadjuvant XXXX -Based Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative @entity0 Is Associated with Therapy Resistance.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['Platinum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if the knowledge of pregnancy modifies smoking and drinking habits and if some socio-demographic variables exert any influence in these changes. DESIGN: Descriptive observational study with a sectional design (prevalence study). SETTING: Obstetric service of a Spanish general hospital, and also three private centres in the same area. @entity1 : 271 @entity1 (mean age of 29 years) under 14 weeks of gestation (mean of 9 weeks) who attended to their first gynaecology visit and accepted to participate in the study. INTERVENTIONS: By means of direct interview to @entity1 , investigators filled a questionnaire with demographic characteristics, obstetric data, smoking and drinking habits and changes in these habits as a response to their pregnancy were also recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Almost eighty percent of them planned their pregnancy, and 14.8% were using some contraceptive method when they became pregnant. Before learning of their pregnancy most of the @entity1 smoked cigarettes (53.5%), and a low proportion consumed @entity167 at meals (20.3%) or between meals (10.7%). After knowledge of their pregnancy, 46.9% of smokers, 56.4% of drinkers during meals, and 86.2% of drinkers between meals, stopped these habits. Those @entity1 who smoked fewer cigarettes showed a higher capacity to stop consumption. It was also observed that those who gave up drinking at meals were those who drank less @entity167 and who had no university degree. CONCLUSIONS: A high prevalence of smoking among fertile @entity1 was observed, although an important proportion of them stopped this consumption after learning about their pregnancy. This change was less frequent among the heavy smokers. Consequently, the establishment of specific programs for encouraging abstinence of @entity167 and cigarette consumption in several population groups as described, could be recommended.

title: [The effect of pregnancy on the consumption of tobacco and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'women']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of decreased physical activity with reduced gravitational stress on activity, sensitivity, and reactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is not fully recognized. We hypothesized that the effect is most pronounced in physically active subjects. Thus, basal plasma @entity1063 [NE] and @entity1425 [E], and @entity2922 responses to physiological stimuli were determined after 3 d of horizontal bed rest (BR) in subjects differing in level and kind of habitual activity. METHODS: Before and after BR, 11 untrained students, 8 endurance athletes, and 10 power/strength athletes were submitted to oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and orthostatic stand test (OST). Another 32 @entity1 (12 untrained, 10 endurance athletes, and 10 power/strength athletes) underwent cold pressor test ( @entity1191 ) and graded exercise test (GET) performed until volitional exhaustion. RESULTS: After BR, basal [NE] was decreased only in athletes (p < 0.01). Increases in both catecholamines during OGTT were diminished (p < 0.05), particularly in endurance athletes. Plasma [NE] response to standing was not affected by BR in individual groups, but it was diminished in the whole group (p < 0.05). Bed rest did not affect the increases in @entity2661 induced by @entity1191 and GET. Heart rate response to OST, and BP responses to OST, @entity1191 , and @entity413 ingestion were enhanced. CONCLUSIONS: Basal sympathetic activity is diminished after 3 d of BR in physically active @entity1 . Although @entity2922 responses to @entity413 load and standing were reduced, the general reactivity and sensitivity of SNS were not attenuated since @entity2922 responses to the most (exercise) and least ( @entity1191 ) powerful stimuli were unchanged.

title: XXXX responses to environmental stressors in trained and untrained @entity1 after 3-day bed rest.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent data support the role of @entity342 deprivation in @entity1 undergoing external beam radiotherapy for @entity263 . The benefits of neoadjuvant, concurrent or adjuvant treatment have been limited to @entity1 at intermediate and high risk. We examined the patterns and predictors of @entity342 deprivation in @entity1 undergoing external beam radiation therapy in CaPSURE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CaPSURE is an observational, longitudinal disease registry, from which 932 @entity1 met study inclusion criteria. @entity342 deprivation was classified as neoadjuvant-within 9 months of radiation or adjuvant-from the start of radiation to 6 months after completion. Time trends in @entity342 deprivation as well factors associated with combined therapy were elucidated using multivariate analyses. RESULTS: In this study 40%, 39% and 21% of @entity1 could be categorized into high, intermediate and low risk groups, respectively. Overall 42% and 33% of @entity1 received neoadjuvant and adjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy, respectively. Between 1997 and 2002 neoadjuvant hormone use increased significantly in all risk groups, including @entity1 at low risk. On multivariate analyses only the year of diagnosis and clinical risk group were associated with receiving @entity342 deprivation with radiation. CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in combined @entity342 deprivation and external radiation was observed in the last decade in @entity1 with intermediate and high risk disease. Nevertheless, more widespread acceptance is necessary since a substantial minority continue to receive radiation alone. Many @entity1 with low risk disease that is amenable to radiation monotherapy also receive @entity342 deprivation. No clinical or sociodemographic features predicted the use of @entity342 deprivation with external radiation.

title: @entity342 deprivation use with external beam radiation for XXXX : results from CaPSURE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen', 'Androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the presence of @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) in bronchial biopsies of @entity1 with @entity4595 , by histochemical and immunochemical staining. SETTING: 800-bed tertiary university hospital. METHODS: Observational study. @entity1 : forty-six @entity1 with @entity4595 in a stable clinical condition and 8 control @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: Serum samples determination of IgG levels for @entity1534 by ELISA. Immunostaining with an anti-H. @entity1534 antibody (NCL-HPp, Novocastra) of bronchial mucosa obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from both @entity1 with @entity4595 and controls. RESULTS: Twenty-one out of 46 @entity1 with @entity4595 (46%) had positive serology for @entity1534 . We obtained 40 bronchial biopsies in @entity1 with @entity4595 and 8 bronchial biopsies in control @entity1 . No evidence of @entity1534 was obtained in the bronchial samples of both @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study could not demonstrate the presence of @entity1534 in bronchial specimens from @entity1 with @entity4595 .

title: Does @entity1534 have a pathogenic role in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: The @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ), located on the dorsomedial surface of the frontal cortex, are involved in high-level aspects of saccade generation. Some reports suggest that the same area could also be involved in the generation of motor commands for the head. If so, it is important to establish whether this structure encodes eye and head commands separately or gaze commands that give rise to coordinated eye-head movements. Here we systematically stimulated (50 microA, 300 Hz, 200 ms) the @entity28626 of two head-free (head unrestrained) macaques while recording three-dimensional eye and @entity717 . A total of 55 sites were found to consistently elicit saccade-like gaze movements, always in the contralateral direction with variable vertical components, and ranging in average amplitude from 5 to 60 degrees. These movements were always a combination of eye-in-head saccades and head-in-space movements. We then performed a comparison between these movements and natural gaze shifts. The kinematics of the elicited movements (i.e., their temporal structure, their velocity-amplitude relationships, and the relative contributions of the eye and the head as a function of movement amplitude) were indistinguishable from those of natural gaze shifts. Additionally, they obeyed the same three-dimensional constraints as natural gaze shifts (i.e., eye-in-head movements obeyed Listing's law, whereas head- and eye-in-space movements obeyed Donders' law). In summary, gaze movements evoked by stimulating the @entity28626 were indistinguishable from natural coordinated eye-head gaze shifts. Based on this we conclude that the @entity28626 explicitly encodes gaze and that the kinematics aspects of eye-head coordination are implicitly specified by mechanisms downstream from the @entity28626 .

title: Electrical stimulation of the XXXX in the head-free macaque evokes kinematically normal gaze shifts.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotations']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['SEFs', 'supplementary eye fields']

answer: @entity2194 :: (MESH:D005128,Disease) :: ['supplementary eye fields']


abstract: 1. Heart and liver tissue samples were obtained from @entity35 in various developmental stages from the 12-day-old embryo to the 120-day-old postnatal animal. 2. The body, heart and liver weights and percentage protein in the liver and heart of the prenatal and postnatal @entity35 were determined. 3. The activities of @entity2125 -, @entity1110 - and succinate-cytochrome c reductases and cytochrome oxidase were determined also. 4. The specific activities of all the enzymes increased in both heart and liver during late foetal development (16 days to term). The @entity2125 - and @entity4588 -cytochrome c-reductase activities in the heart increased threefold during the neonatal period (0 to 25 days post partum) and then remained constant to 120 days. All reductase activities increased in the liver three- to six-fold during the neonatal period. Cytochrome-oxidase activity in both tissues increased sixfold during this time but plateaued in the liver at 12 days rather than 25 days. 5. A sex difference was observed in @entity2125 -cytochrome c-reductase activity in the liver. Up to 25 days post partum the activity was the same in both sexes, but from that time on the activity continued to increase in the female but remained unchanged in the male. 6. @entity1110 -cytochrome c-reductase activity increased only in the liver. 7. These results indicate that different electron-transport pathways predominate according to the tissue, developmental stage and sex of the animal.

title: RESPIRATORY ENZYMES IN THE HEART AND LIVER OF THE PRENATAL AND POSTNATAL XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4588 :: ('MESH:D019802', 'Chemical') :: ['succinate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['RAT']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyse the correlation between the anti-retinal antibodies (ARA) and intensity of @entity32 in @entity1 with endogenous posterior @entity1596 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 @entity1 --29 @entity1 (58%) and 21 @entity1 (42%) in age 15-70 yrs with @entity23351 were examined. Intraocular @entity32 intensity was scored on standard @entity1596 grading system prepared by BenEzra et al. In all cases the ARA were determined by indirect immunofluorescence test on normal monkey retina as a substrate and @entity2823 -labelled goat's anti-human IgA, G, M serum (Euroimmun-Germany). The control serum was obtained from 50 blood donors: 20 @entity1 (40%) and 30 @entity1 (60%) in age 15-68 yrs. RESULTS: The statistical analysis showed a correlation between the ARA serum levels and @entity32 intensity. High correlation was found in first control between serum ARA level and the degree of @entity32 and the presence of fresh vessels sheathing, characteristic for @entity4816 . In next three controls, this correlation was still present, but only in a case of vitreous changes. And at the end of observation no correlation was found, neither between serum ARA levels and the activity of @entity32 , nor between the ARA levels and @entity4816 intensity. CONCLUSIONS: The assessment of serum ARA in @entity1 with @entity23351 can act as an indicator for @entity32 intensity and can reflect the retinal autoimmunity.

title: [Serum anti-retinal antibodies and intensity of endogenous posterior XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular inflammation', 'inflammation', 'vitreous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: In @entity375 , four factors [cleavage factor I ( @entity1577 I), @entity1577 II, polyadenylation factor I (PF I), and poly(A) polymerase (PAP)] are required for maturation of the 3' end of the mRNA. @entity1577 I and @entity1577 II are required for cleavage; a complex of @entity2786 and PF I, which includes @entity1577 , participates in polyadenylation, along with @entity1577 I. These factors are directed to the appropriate site on the mRNA by two sequences: one A-rich and one UA-rich. @entity1577 I contains five proteins, two of which, @entity53826 and @entity57657 , interact with the mRNA through RNA recognition motif-type RNA binding motifs. Previous work demonstrated that the UV cross-linking of purified @entity57657 to RNA required the UA-rich element, but the contact point of @entity53826 was not known. We show here that @entity53826 does not recognize a particular sequence in the absence of other proteins. However, in complex with @entity57657 and @entity53825 , @entity53826 specifically interacts with the A-rich element. The @entity53827 and @entity53828 subunits of @entity1577 I are not needed to position @entity53826 at this site. This interaction is essential to the function of @entity1577 I. A mutant @entity53826 with decreased affinity for RNA is defective for in vitro RNA processing and lethal in vivo, while an RNA with a mutation in the A-rich element is not processed in vitro and can no longer be UV cross-linked to the @entity53826 subunit assembled into @entity1577 I. Thus, the recognition of the A-rich element depends on the tethering of @entity53826 through an @entity53825 bridge to @entity57657 bound to the UA-rich motif. These results illustrate that the @entity375 3' end is defined and processed by a mechanism surprisingly different from that used by the @entity1 system.

title: XXXX interaction with the A-rich @entity375 polyadenylation signal is an essential step in mRNA 3'-end formation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'CF II subunits']

answer: @entity53826 :: (852838(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['Rna15']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of primary hormone therapy for localized or locally advanced @entity263 , by analysing the 10-year survival rates for @entity1 with localized or locally advanced @entity263 treated with primary hormone therapy or prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between February 1993 and March 1995, @entity1 with T1b, T1c or T2-3 N0M0 @entity263 were enrolled. In all, 176 @entity1 who had a prostatectomy were assigned to Study 1 and were given adjuvant luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist; 151 @entity1 who did not have a prostatectomy were assigned to Study 2 and had LHRH agonist monotherapy or combined @entity342 blockade. They were followed until @entity204 , loss to follow-up, or until the end of the observation period (31 March 2004). We analysed all cases in each study as a single population, and compared Study 1 with Study 2. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 ages were 67.2 years in Study 1 and 75.7 years in Study 2. During a median of 10.4 years of follow-up, 20 @entity1 in Study 1 and 17 in Study 2 died from @entity263 , and 21 @entity1 in Study 1 and 50 in Study 2 died from other causes. In Study 1, the 10-year overall survival rate was 73% and the 10-year cause-specific survival rate was 86%, vs 41% and 78% in Study 2. Overall survival curves were similar to expected survival curves in both studies. There was no significant difference between studies in cause-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: The progression of @entity263 was retarded by primary hormone therapy in @entity1 with localized or locally advanced @entity263 . With primary hormone therapy or prostatectomy, the @entity1 had a life-expectancy similar to that of the normal population.

title: Efficacy of primary hormone therapy for localized or locally advanced XXXX : results of a 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity365 poses a difficult therapeutic challenge when @entity868 is ineffective or contraindicated. We conducted a retrospective study of 6.25% @entity17998 cream in the treatment of nine @entity1 referred with cases of @entity365 where @entity868 resistance or @entity566 was present. Results obtained immediately and 1 month after treatment were reviewed. The median age of the @entity1 was 46 years; four @entity1 were nulliparous. The median symptom duration was 1 year. Five @entity1 were @entity56 to @entity868 . In four cases, resistance to high doses of @entity868 was demonstrated. Smears or cultures were positive immediately after treatment for three @entity1 ; a fourth relapsed 2 weeks later. Of these @entity1 for whom treatment failed, one was cured with a 3-week course of @entity17998 cream, and another was successfully treated with @entity17998 cream and oral @entity7015 . Three @entity1 developed vaginal ulcerations that resolved spontaneously. Adverse effects may be a result of local formulation. @entity17998 cream was useful for treatment of cases of @entity5797 where @entity868 resistance or @entity566 was encountered.

title: Difficult-to-treat trichomoniasis: results with XXXX cream.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity7015 :: ('MESH:D014011', 'Chemical') :: ['tinidazole']

entities_list: @entity17998 :: ('MESH:D010303', 'Chemical') :: ['Paromomycin', 'paromomycin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity5797 :: ('MESH:D014245', 'Disease') :: ['trichomonas infection']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['Vaginal trichomoniasis', 'vaginal trichomoniasis']

answer: @entity17998 :: (MESH:D010303,Chemical) :: ['paromomycin']


abstract: @entity5 localisation of anti- @entity5 antibodies varies greatly between @entity1 . Factors which may be responsible for this have been investigated in 56 @entity1 with @entity14 with a view to improving radioimmunotherapy. Thirty-seven to seventy-four MBq of 125-I labelled mouse monoclonal antibody to @entity787 , was given intravenously and @entity5 resected 70-480 h later. Percentage injected activity kg-1 (% inj.act kg-1) in @entity5 , was inversely correlated with the time interval between injection and operation (P = 0.004). To assess the influence of other parameters on localisation, @entity1 were divided into two time groups according to time interval between injection and operation, 70-120 h (n = 33) and 144-480 h (n = 23). In neither group was there a significant correlation of % inj.act kg-1 with time. The % inj.act kg-1 in @entity5 showed a significant correlation with that in the blood for both groups (P = 0.005 and P = 0.01). There was no significant correlation for either time group between % inj.act kg-1 in @entity5 and serum @entity787 values, the per cent of @entity5 cells positive for @entity787 and vascularity. @entity5 to blood ratios varied considerably (range 0.3-28.5:1) suggesting that factors other than time and persistence of activity in the blood contribute to efficient targeting. @entity5 to blood ratios were inversely correlated with % inj.act kg-1 in blood for the 70-120 h group (P = 0.007), and were positively correlated with % inj.act kg-1 in @entity5 (P = 0.012). Autoradiography showed that antibody localised predominantly on @entity5 cells but was distributed heterogeneously, was not solely related to the expression of antigen and in some cases accumulated in @entity39 more than viable areas of @entity5 . Penetration of antibody into malignant acinar structures was poor and @entity787 -positive cells closer to the blood supply were targeted to a greater extent than distant cells. Preoperative administration of radiolabelled antibody to @entity787 may be helpful in selecting @entity1 with favourable localisation for radioimmunotherapy.

title: Factors influencing variability of localisation of antibodies to XXXX ( @entity787 ) in @entity1 with @entity14 --implications for radioimmunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['carcinoembryonic antigen']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4401 in known as the most common cause of @entity3541 , determined by the acute onset of lower motor @entity425 with no detectable cause. With a lifetime risk of 1 in 60 and an annual incidence of 11-40/100,000 population, the condition resolves completely in around 71% of the untreated cases. Clinical trials performed for @entity4401 have reported some recurrences, ipsilateral or contralateral to the side affected in the primary episode of @entity3541 . Only few data are found in the literature. Melkersson-Rosenthal is a rare @entity751 characterized by recurrent @entity3541 , fissured tongue (lingua plicata), @entity4 . PURPOSE: We attempted to analyze some clinical and epidemiologic aspects of recurrent @entity912 , and to develop relevant correlations between the existing data in literature and those obtained in this study. METHODS _ MATERIALS: This is a retrospective study carried out on a 10-years period for adults and a five-year period for @entity1 . RESULTS: A number of 185 @entity1 aged between 4 and 70 years old were analyzed. 136 of them were adults and 49 were @entity1 . 22 of 185 @entity1 with @entity4401 (12%) had a recurrent partial or complete @entity3541 with one to six episodes of @entity912 . From this group of 22 cases, 5 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity7748 . The @entity1 ' age was between 4 and 70 years old, with a medium age of 27,6 years. In the group studied, fifteen @entity1 , meaning 68%, were @entity1 and seven were @entity1 . The majority of @entity1 in our group with more than two @entity3541 episodes had at least one episode on the contralateral side. CONCLUSIONS: Our study found a significant incidence of recurrences of @entity3541 . Recurrent @entity3541 and @entity7748 is diagnosed more often in young females. Recurrence is more likely to occur in the first two years from the onset, which leads to the conclusion that we should have a follow up of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4401 for at least two years from the onset, especially in @entity1 ' case. The frequency of recurrent @entity3541 in @entity1 was similar to that in adults. Recurrent @entity3541 is not known enough and needs further controlled studies.

title: Recurrences of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['orofacial edema']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['neuron weakness of the facial nerve']

entities_list: @entity7748 :: ('MESH:D008556', 'Disease') :: ['Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['neuromucocutaneous syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis', 'idiopathic facial palsy', 'facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic palsy', 'palsy']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of golimumab on @entity32 /structural damage detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: @entity1499 ( @entity1500 )-naive @entity309 @entity1 (n = 637) were randomized to placebo plus @entity1500 , golimumab 100 mg plus placebo, golimumab 50 mg plus @entity1500 , or golimumab 100 mg plus @entity1500 (subcutaneous golimumab every 4 weeks). Of these, 318 @entity1 participated in an MRI substudy. MRIs (contrast-enhanced; 1.5T) of the wrist and second through fifth metacarpophalangeal joints of the dominant hand were obtained at baseline and weeks 12 and 24. MRIs were scored by 2 independent readers (blinded to image sequence/chronology, @entity1 identity, and treatment group) for @entity603 , bone @entity4 / @entity4421 , and bone @entity2681 using the @entity309 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring (RAMRIS) system. Radiographs (hands, wrists, forefeet at baseline and week 28) were scored by 2 other readers (blinded as above) using the modified Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) scoring system. Changes from baseline were compared between treatment groups (two-sided analysis of variance on van der Waerden normal scores). RESULTS: At weeks 12 and 24, combined therapy with golimumab plus @entity1500 versus placebo plus @entity1500 significantly improved RAMRIS scores for @entity603 (mean -1.92 versus 0.14 [P < 0.001] at week 12; -2.45 versus -1.04 [P < 0.001] at week 24), @entity4421 (mean -1.82 versus 0.56 [P < 0.001] at week 12; -2.27 versus -0.32 [P < 0.001] at week 24), and @entity79 (mean -0.40 versus 0.24 [P = 0.016] at week 12; -0.40 versus -0.24 [P = 0.010] at week 24). Results of sensitivity analyses (no missing doses/data and using linear extrapolation) were generally consistent with results of the primary analyses. Changes in SvdH scores among the MRI substudy @entity1 at week 28 showed no significant difference between golimumab plus @entity1500 therapy and placebo plus @entity1500 (mean 0.49 versus 0.92; P = 0.19). Radiographic SvdH scores demonstrated inhibition of structural damage progression by treatment with golimumab plus @entity1500 as compared with placebo plus @entity1500 in the overall study population but required double the number of @entity1 (637 versus 318) and double the length of followup (28 versus 12 weeks) as needed for MRI to demonstrate this. CONCLUSION: Improvements in @entity32 ( @entity603 and @entity4421 ) and @entity2681 with golimumab plus @entity1500 therapy exceeded those with placebo plus @entity1500 therapy from week 12 onward, confirming the overall clinical/radiologic findings. MRI was more sensitive than conventional radiography in detecting the progression of @entity2681 .

title: Significant improvement in @entity603 , XXXX , and @entity79 following golimumab and @entity1499 combination therapy as compared with @entity1499 alone: a magnetic resonance imaging study of 318 @entity1499 -naive @entity309 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity4421 :: (MESH:D010000,Disease) :: ['osteitis']


abstract: A significant number of @entity1 with liver metastases from @entity14 ( @entity14 ) achieve 5-year survival after liver resection. Increased expression of genetic markers in the @entity5 are known to predict outcome after colonic resection, but the predictive value of such markers after resection of hepatic metastases is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether DNA content and multiple genetic markers, separately or expressed together, can predict @entity1 outcome (liver recurrence and survival) after resection of hepatic metastases. We studied the @entity982 -embedded liver tissue of 71 consecutive @entity1 who had undergone a potentially curative resection of hepatic metastases from @entity14 . Using DNA flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining techniques we determined the DNA content and the level of co-expression of seven @entity5 -associated proteins: @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ), @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity876 , @entity1722 , @entity8498 , @entity517 , and nm23. Three endpoints (liver recurrence, @entity5 specific, overall survival) were correlated with these @entity5 markers. The 5-year overall survival of the group was 31.2%. There was no correlation detected between the DNA aneuploidy and @entity5 -specific survival. Similarly, expression of the individual @entity5 -associated proteins did not predict survival. @entity1 whose @entity5 co-expressed multiple markers had survivals similar to those whose @entity5 expressed fewer markers. However, a significant difference in hepatic recurrence was found between the @entity876 -positive and @entity876 -negative @entity1 (p = 0.007), with marker-negative @entity5 having decreased recurrence. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the DNA content and genetic markers @entity517 , @entity1722 , @entity470 , @entity8498 , @entity876 , @entity1364 , and nm23 do not predict survival after potentially curative resection of hepatic metastases from @entity14 . However, the immunoreactivity of @entity876 may be an important marker of local recurrence in the liver, which may be useful if re-resection of metastatic @entity96 is considered a viable management option in this disease.

title: Genetic markers of survival and liver recurrence after resection of liver metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cellular nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'overall or cancer', 'primary tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFr']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1902 and @entity1729 are the most common childhood diseases. Despite the common use of @entity2245 to control @entity391 in @entity1 with @entity1902 , no study has been performed in this field. This study aimed to assess the value of @entity2245 in the prevention of @entity391 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1902 . METHODOLOGY: This study was a double blind controlled clinical trial on 96 @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity1902 with age range of 6 months to 12 years admitted in Mofid @entity1 's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. @entity1 were randomly assigned to two groups of 48 subjects matched for age, sex and symptoms of @entity2700 . @entity2245 was given in case group and control group was given placebo. The severity of @entity391 in @entity1 before and after treatment were evaluated by a physician. All data were recorded in the questionnaire and results in the two treatment groups were compared by using SPSS software (Version 15, Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The mean    SD age of @entity1 whom underwent @entity2245 treatment was 2.9  2.4 versus 2.5  2 in placebo group. Significant difference between mean age, gender, and severity of @entity2700 in @entity1 of two groups wasn't observed. After treatment in both treatment groups, 40 @entity1 (83.3%) had mild @entity2700 , and 8 @entity1 (16.7%) had moderate @entity2700 . Vomiting was noted in 28 @entity1 (58.3%) after treatment with @entity2245 and in 37 @entity1 (77.1%) after treatment with placebo. The mean frequency of @entity391 after treatment with @entity2245 was 1.7  1.3 times and in the control group (treated with distilled water) was 1.5  0.77 time, but no significant difference between the severity of @entity391 was observed in both groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: It seems that the use of oral @entity2245 treatment has no benefit and impact compared with the placebo. Thus, use of @entity2245 in the prevention of @entity391 due to acute mild to moderate @entity1902 is not only scientifically, but in the present study it was proved to be ineffective. This work was done on a comparative basis and further researches are recommended.

title: Results of double blind placebo controlled trial to assess the effect of XXXX on managing of nausea and @entity391 in pediatrics with acute @entity1902 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2245 :: ('MESH:D025101', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin B6', 'vitamin B6']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'dehydration, controlling vomiting and the mean frequency of vomiting', 'dehydration and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'Gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity2245 :: (MESH:D025101,Chemical) :: ['vitamin B6']


abstract: @entity4607 of the tuber cinereum are @entity5 -like collections of normal tissue in abnormal location. They are benign lesions with slow or absent growth and without any tendency to neoplastic evolution. Due to their neurosecreting properties they usually cause precocious puberty. Further neuroendocrine disturbances, @entity410 , or @entity1109 may be associated in some cases. Cisternography and CT are the most conclusive radiologic procedures in all cases. The typical feature is a well circumscribed round-shaped isodense soft tissue mass without contrast enhancement. Usually the @entity5 is small, rarely exceeding 2 cm. in diameter. If CT diagnosis is not conclusive, examination in the coronal plane or CT cisternography are recommended. Although CT does not permit a histological diagnosis the clinical and radiological features together are sufficient to make a highly suggestive diagnosis. The treatment of choice is medical therapy. Surgery should be restricted to those @entity5 which damage surrounding structures by their size and cause other symptoms than precocious puberty.

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX of the tuber cinereum].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychoneurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['Hamartomas']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['hamartoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity provides a number of physical and @entity458 to @entity5 survivors, including lessening the impact of @entity5 and treatment side-effects (e.g. fatigue, @entity390 ), and improving overall well-being and quality of life. The purpose of the present pilot study was to examine the physical and @entity458 afforded by a 7-week yoga program for @entity5 survivors. METHOD: Eligible @entity1 (per-screened with PAR-Q/PAR-MED-X) were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n=20) or control group (n=18). All @entity1 completed pre- and post-testing assessments immediately before and after the yoga program, respectively. RESULTS: The yoga program @entity1 (M age=51.18 (10.33); 92% female) included primarily @entity0 survivors, on average 55.95 (54.39) months post-diagnosis. Significant differences between the intervention and the control group at post-intervention were seen only in psychosocial (i.e. global quality of life, emotional function, and @entity294 ) variables (all p's <0.05). There were also trends for group differences, in the hypothesized directions, for the psychosocial variables of emotional @entity146 , @entity344 , @entity73 , @entity1316 , @entity2701 , @entity308 , and @entity911 (all p's <0.10). Finally, there were also significant improvements in both the program @entity1 and the controls from pre- to post-intervention on a number of physical fitness variables. CONCLUSIONS: These initial findings suggest that yoga has significant potential and should be further explored as a beneficial physical activity option for @entity5 survivors. Future research might attempt to include a broader range of @entity1 (e.g. other types of @entity5 diagnoses, male subjects), a larger sample size, and a longer program duration in an RCT.

title: A pilot study of yoga for XXXX survivors: physical and @entity458 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'detrimental cancer-related symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorganization']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological benefits']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disturbance']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous microballoon compression (PMC) for @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is a well-established technique. However, complications from cannulating the foramen ovale (FO) have been reported because direct puncture of the FO is sometimes difficult. Here we report our experience with Dyna-CT-assisted PMC for @entity4254 in cannulating the FO and determining the position and volume of the balloon. METHODS: Dyna-CT-assisted PMC was performed for image reconstruction in 16 cases. The optimal working projection was generated and further fluoroscopic data were used to determine the relationship of the needle with the FO during puncture. The balloon position and three-dimensional shape were verified with Dyna-CT during balloon compression and the balloon volume and puncture angle were also calculated. @entity1 ' prognosis is discussed. RESULTS: Dyna-CT allows quick, safe and easy cannulation of the FO. It provided three-dimensional images which were more elaborate than the classic 'pear shape' images for determining correct positioning in 16 cases. The volume of the inflated balloon ranged from 568.2   mm(3) to 891.4   mm(3) (average 769.5   mm(3)). The angle of introducing the cannula ranged from 15.32   to 35.48   rotation to the midline (average 25.18  ) and 38.47  -51.89   angulation to the Reid line (average 46.17  ). All the @entity1 were @entity158 -free after PMC. Four @entity1 had resolvable @entity425 and fine touch loss. No recurrence of @entity4254 was reported on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Dyna-CT performed by digital subtraction angiography assists PMC in three ways: (1) the FO can be better visualized independent of the @entity1 's position; (2) needle correction or insertion can be performed much more easily because of the direct fluoroscopic control; and (3) the needle position, balloon position, balloon configuration and the volume of the inflated balloon is more reliably determined. The use of Dyna-CT-assisted PMC has a low incidence of complications and a good prognosis.

title: Dyna-CT-assisted percutaneous microballoon compression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['masseter weakness']

answer: @entity4254 :: (MESH:D014277,Disease) :: ['trigeminal neuralgia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of recurrent @entity1143 in advanced @entity5 should be efficient and with tolerable side effects. Since 1983 intrathoracic instillation of the anti- @entity311 drug @entity3543 has been used to achieve pleurodesis. The cytotoxic drug @entity1732 has been claimed to be equally effective and with fewer side effects. The present study was designed to compare these two agents. METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity189 and @entity1143 refractory to repeated @entity456 over the previous 12 weeks were randomised to receive treatment with intrathoracic instillation of @entity3543 or @entity1732 . Fluid volumes before and after pleurodesis, drainage time, and side effects were registered and analysed, and the response to treatment was evaluated by clinical examination and chest radiography. RESULTS: The amount of fluid produced after treatment in the @entity1 receiving @entity3543 was lower than in those receiving @entity1732 , and the duration of chest drainage was shorter. After 30 days 16 of 20 in the @entity3543 group responded to treatment and 10 of 20 in the @entity1732 group. Most @entity1 died during the three months observation period. Moderate side effects occurred equally in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Chemical pleurodesis can reduce or stop @entity1143 in many @entity1 , and in this study @entity3543 appeared to be more efficient than @entity1732 . A prospective study with a larger number of @entity1 is now warranted.

title: Chemical pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusions: a randomised prospective study of @entity3543 versus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3543 :: ('MESH:D011796', 'Chemical') :: ['mepacrine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural aspirations']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data reveal an increasing incidence in the detection of moderately differentiated @entity263 and a stable or decreasing incidence in well and poorly differentiated @entity5 . Plausible reasons for this phenomenon include the decrease in transurethral resections performed and an increase in the number of @entity1486 triggered ultrasound guided needle biopsies. We examined additional explanations for the grade shift with time and addresses the impact of this grade shift on clinical end points. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Archived slides from 100 @entity1 (82 needle biopsy specimens and 18 transurethral resection specimens) treated for @entity263 between 1975 and 1985 were reexamined. Current grades were assigned using the WHO and the Gleason grading systems, and they were compared with the original grade assignments. Current Gleason score was translated to WHO grade by operational SEER criteria (2 to 4-well, 5 to 7-moderately and 8 to 10-poorly differentiated). Analysis of the 100 specimens by life table methodology calculated @entity5 specific survival according to the era of grade assignment. RESULTS: There was significant upward grade migration from the historic to the current WHO grade and from the translation by SEER methodology of the current Gleason score to WHO grade (p <0.0001). Interpretive and chronological bias caused expansion of the moderately differentiated category at the expense of well differentiated @entity5 and significant deviation in @entity5 specific survival curves (p <0.013). SEER translation bias resulted in expansion of the moderately differentiated grade category at the expense of poorly differentiated @entity5 and eliminated the significant difference in @entity5 specific survival between Gleason 5/6 and 7 (p <0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary understanding of Gleason grading has lowered the threshold for assignment to higher grade. While a change in @entity5 biology may be partially responsible for the trend toward higher grade assignment, grade migration as described is also a significant contributing factor in reported histological trends for newly diagnosed @entity263 and it significantly compromises efforts at historical comparisons.

title: XXXX grade assignment: the effect of chronological, interpretive and translation bias.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Almost 2 percent of @entity19 blood @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) are destroyed each day and are replaced by fresh @entity1503 generated through the process of erythropoiesis. @entity1503 to be destroyed are phagocytosed by macrophages in the reticuloendothelial system, especially in the spleen. @entity51725 molecules on @entity1503 may regulate the susceptibility of RBC to destruction by phagocytosis because its recognition by inhibitory receptor ( @entity47637 ) on macrophages sends a negative signal, which if sufficiently strong, may abort the phagocytic response altogether. The aim of this study was to investigate whether age-dependent changes in @entity51725 expression on circulating @entity1503 have a role in destruction of senescent @entity1503 by macrophages. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A two-step in vivo biotinylation method for labeling @entity19 @entity1503 in vivo was used to track the @entity51725 expression levels as well as the turnover of circulating @entity1503 of defined age groups. RESULTS: Our results indicate that @entity51725 expression levels decrease on circulating @entity1503 throughout their life span in circulation. The oldest @entity1503 in circulation have 30 percent lower mean expression of @entity51725 than the youngest @entity1503 . Depletion of macrophages by administration of @entity19160 -loaded liposomes resulted in a significant decrease in the mean expression of @entity51725 on @entity1503 of all age groups and a significant accumulation of senescent @entity1503 in blood and spleen. A decrease in mean expression of @entity51725 and accumulation of senescent @entity1503 in macrophage-depleted @entity19 were significantly higher for spleen @entity1503 compared to blood @entity1503 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide supportive evidence for a role of decreasing @entity51725 expression on aging circulating @entity1503 in their destruction by macrophages.

title: Reduced expression of @entity51725 during XXXX red blood cell (RBC) senescence and its role in RBC clearance from the circulation.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['red blood cells', 'RBCs']

entities_list: @entity47637 :: ('19261(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['signal regulatory protein alpha']

entities_list: @entity19160 :: ('MESH:D004002', 'Chemical') :: ['clodronate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: TSH-suppressive therapy (ST) is part of the treatment protocol for differentiated @entity259 (DTC). There is however little evidence of its clinical effectiveness. On the other side, ST is not free from side effects related to the @entity1378 status induced in @entity1 for a long time period. Because of this, widespread use of ST in all @entity1 has recently been questioned, and individualized treatment based on the characteristics of each particular case has been proposed. Action of thyroid hormones (THs) depends on their binding to specific nuclear receptors. However, a second pathway mediated by a membrane receptor located in integrin a(V)b(3) has recently been established. It has been postulated that the proliferative and angiogenic effects attributed to THs would depend on this second mechanism. It is not known whether the tumorigenic action shown in other @entity5 may have an impact on DTC. The objective of this study was to review the relationship between ST and @entity5 , particularly as regards @entity5 evolution and occurrence of second @entity5 . One of the future challenges in the field of DTC will be to establish the specific role of TSH and THs in malignant thyroid cells, in order to be able to define more optimized therapeutic schemes.

title: TSH-suppressive treatment in XXXX . A dogma under review.

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary neoplasms', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hyperthyroidism']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['differentiated thyroid cancer']


abstract: The broad recognition specificity exhibited by integrin a(M)b2 ( @entity9536 , @entity9536 / @entity1454 ) has allowed this adhesion receptor to play innumerable roles in leukocyte biology, yet we know little about how and why a(M)b2 binds its multiple ligands. Within a(M)b2, the a(M)I-domain is responsible for integrin's multiligand binding properties. To identify its recognition motif, we screened peptide libraries spanning sequences of many known protein ligands for a(M)I-domain binding and also selected the a(M)I-domain recognition sequences by phage display. Analyses of >1400 binding and nonbinding peptides derived from peptide libraries showed that a key feature of the a(M)I-domain recognition motif is a small core consisting of basic @entity1522 flanked by hydrophobic residues. Furthermore, the peptides selected by phage display conformed to a similar pattern. Identification of the recognition motif allowed the construction of an algorithm that reliably predicts the a(M)I-domain binding sites in the a(M)b2 ligands. The recognition specificity of the a(M)I-domain resembles that of some chaperones, which allows it to bind segments exposed in unfolded proteins. The disclosure of the a(M)b2 binding preferences allowed the prediction that cationic host defense peptides, which are strikingly enriched in the a(M)I-domain recognition motifs, represent a new class of a(M)b2 ligands. This prediction has been tested by examining the interaction of a(M)b2 with the @entity1 cathelicidin peptide @entity14695 . @entity14695 induced a potent a(M)b2-dependent cell migratory response and caused activation of a(M)b2 on neutrophils. The newly revealed recognition specificity of a(M)b2 toward unfolded protein segments and cationic proteins and peptides suggests that a(M)b2 may serve as a previously proposed "alarmin" receptor with important roles in innate host defense.

title: Ligand recognition specificity of leukocyte integrin aMb2 ( @entity9536 , XXXX / @entity1454 ) and its functional consequences.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity9536 :: (3684,Gene) :: ['CD11b']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been involved in the pathogenesis of different types of @entity5 ; however, their function in pituitary tumorigenesis remains poorly understood. @entity1919 -dependent protein kinase-defective pituitaries occasionally form aggressive @entity2124 ( @entity2124 )-producing @entity977 in the background of @entity1373 caused by haploinsufficiency of the protein kinase's main regulatory subunit, @entity15144 . The molecular basis for this development remains unknown. We have identified a 17-miRNA signature of @entity977 formed in the background of @entity1373 (caused in half of the cases by @entity15144 -mutations). We selected two miRNAs on the basis of their functional screen analysis: inhibition of @entity48634 expression and upregulation of miR-128 suppressed the colony formation ability and invasiveness of @entity977 cells. Furthermore, we identified that @entity48634 and miR-128 affected @entity977 cell behavior through regulation of their direct targets, @entity983 and @entity3752 , respectively. In addition, we found that miR-128 through @entity3752 direct binding on the @entity983 promoter affected @entity983 expression levels and AKT activity in the @entity977 cells. Our in vivo data revealed that inhibition of @entity48634 and overexpression of miR-128 could suppress pituitary GH3 @entity5 growth in xenografts. Taken together, we have identified a miRNA signature for @entity2124 -producing @entity977 and found that @entity48634 and miR-128 regulate the activity of the @entity983 -AKT pathway in these @entity5 . This is the first suggestion of the possible involvement of miRNAs regulating the @entity983 -AKT pathway in @entity2124 -producing @entity977 formation in the context of @entity1373 or due to germline @entity15144 defects. @entity48634 suppression and miR-128 upregulation could have therapeutic potential in @entity2124 -producing @entity977 @entity1 .

title: Functional screen analysis reveals @entity48634 and miR-128 as central regulators of pituitary somatomammotrophic @entity5 growth through activation of the XXXX -AKT pathway.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclic-AMP']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity983 :: (5728,Gene) :: ['PTEN']


abstract: Introduction. The management of cystic @entity660 has changed in recent years as a result of increasing knowledge of their biological behaviour, better diagnostic options, and international guidelines. Methods. Retrospective analysis of a cohort of 86 @entity1 operated for cystic @entity660 during a seven-year period (2007-2014). Results. Final histopathology revealed 53 @entity4929 (19 branch duct IPMNs, 15 mixed type IPMNs, and 19 main duct IPMNs), 14 serous and 13 mucinous @entity5 , 3 solid @entity5 , and 3 other lesions. 4 cases displayed high grade intraepithelial @entity5 and 2 cases displayed @entity3 . A pylorus-preserving partial duodenopancreatectomy was carried out in 27 @entity1 , a total pancreatectomy was carried out in 9 @entity1 , a left resection was carried out in 42 @entity1 , and segmental resections and enucleations were carried out in 4 @entity1 each. Overall postoperative morbidity and mortality were 40% and 2.3%, respectively. The preoperative diagnosis of a specific @entity5 was accurate in 79% of @entity1 and 9 @entity1 (10%) could have avoided surgery with the correct preoperative diagnosis. Conclusion. Cystic @entity660 are still a diagnostic challenge, requiring a dedicated multidisciplinary approach. The rate of @entity5 is relatively small, whereas postoperative morbidity is substantial, underscoring the importance of adequate @entity1 selection considering both the risk of surgery and the long term risk of @entity5 .

title: Surgery for cystic XXXX in the post-sendai era: a single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms', 'cystic tumor', 'pseudopapillary neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

answer: @entity660 :: (MESH:D010182,Disease) :: ['pancreatic lesions']


abstract: Natural host sooty mangabeys (SM) infected with @entity17491 SIVsmm do not develop @entity791 despite high @entity646 . SM and other natural hosts express very low levels of @entity5075 on @entity404 (+) T cells, and we recently showed that SIVsmm @entity281 and robust replication occur in vivo in SM genetically lacking @entity5075 , indicating the use of additional entry pathways. SIVsmm uses several alternative coreceptors of @entity1 origin in vitro, but which molecules of SM origin support entry is unknown. We cloned a panel of putative coreceptors from SM and tested their ability to mediate @entity281 , in conjunction with smCD4, by pseudotypes carrying Envs from multiple SIVsmm subtypes. smCXCR6 supported efficient @entity281 by all SIVsmm isolates with entry levels comparable to those for smCCR5, and smGPR15 enabled entry by all isolates at modest levels. smGPR1 and smAPJ supported low and variable entry, whereas smCCR2b, smCCR3, smCCR4, smCCR8, and smCXCR4 were not used by most isolates. In contrast, SIVsmm from rare infected SM with profound @entity404 (+) T cell loss, previously reported to have expanded use of @entity1 coreceptors, including @entity436 , used smCXCR4, smCXCR6, and smCCR5 efficiently and also exhibited robust entry through smCCR3, smCCR8, smGPR1, smGPR15, and smAPJ. Entry was similar with both known alleles of smCD4. These alternative coreceptors, particularly smCXCR6 and smGPR15, may support virus replication in SM that have restricted @entity5075 expression as well as SM genetically lacking @entity5075 . Defining expression of these molecules on SM @entity404 (+) subsets may delineate distinct natural host target cell populations capable of supporting SIVsmm replication without @entity404 (+) T cell loss.

title: Cloning and analysis of sooty mangabey alternative coreceptors that support XXXX SIVsmm entry independently of @entity5075 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity17491 :: ('11723', 'Species') :: ['simian immunodeficiency virus']

answer: @entity17491 :: (11723,Species) :: ['simian immunodeficiency virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Due to its complex, three-dimensional morphology, auricular reconstruction remains one of the most challenging procedures in reconstructive surgery. A subject that remains controversial, however, is the question of the growth potential of the cartilaginous framework. This study explored the anthropometric changes of the reconstructed auricle and the contralateral normal ear in a series of Asian @entity1 . METHODS: The records of 126 unilateral @entity9407 @entity1 in three age groups who underwent autogenous costal cartilage auricular reconstruction between 2007 and 2010 were reviewed. The average age was 14 years, and the average follow-up was 2.5 years. The auricular height was measured as the distance from the supra-auricle to the subauricle, and the width was measured as the distance from preauricle to the postauricle. Measurements of the height and width of the reconstructed auricle and the contralateral normal side were taken at implantation and at the final follow-up. Comparisons between the three age groups were performed using a paired Student t test to examine the mean auricular heights and widths for significant interval changes in size. RESULTS: The measurements showed average width increases of 1.24 mm (3.68%) and 1.35 mm (3.91%) in the reconstructed auricles of @entity1 and adolescents, respectively, but we did not find obvious changes in the adult group. No significant differences were found in the height measurement of the reconstructed auricle in the three groups. The mature size of the normal ear was reached by age 12, with slowing as @entity1 entered adolescence and adulthood. Comparison of the reconstructed auricle and the contralateral normal ear revealed a very similar growth rate in the adult group. There were average height decreases of 0.77 mm (1.3%) and 1.3 mm (2.09%) in the reconstructed auricles of @entity1 and adolescents compared with the normal side. The results showed an average width increase of 1.13 mm (3.15%) in the adolescent group but not in the @entity1 or adult groups. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study have generated some useful parameters for the study of growth of the reconstructed auricle and contralateral normal ear. This information serves to clarify the issue of auricular framework fabrication in terms of proper size, especially for Asian @entity1 . Further investigation and analysis are necessary to provide further proof of the graft change.

title: Anthropometric measurements in 126 XXXX reconstructions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child', 'patients']

answer: @entity9407 :: (MESH:D065817,Disease) :: ['microtia']


abstract: The etiology of the vertebral dissecting @entity439 is largely unknown, and they frequently occurs in relatively healthy young @entity1 . Objectives and Methods. A series of 57 consecutive cases defined by angiography were evaluated with regard to deviation in the course of the affected and contralateral vertebral arteries. Division was into 3 types: Type I without any deviation, Type II with mild-to-moderate deviation but not over the midline; and Type III with marked deviation over to the contralateral side beyond the midline. Results. The most frequent type of VA running was Type III for the affected and Type I nonaffected side, with this being found in all 17 @entity1 except one. All of the @entity164 occurred just proximal to a tortuous portion, while in cases with Type-I- and Type-II-affected sides, the majority (33 of 39) occurred near the union of the vertebral artery. In 10 of 57, a non-dominant side was affected, all except one being of Type I or II. With 12 recent @entity1 assessed angiographically in detail for hemodynamics, eleven @entity1 showed contrast material retrograde inflowing into the pseudolumen from the distal portion of the dissection site. Turbulent blood flow was recognized in all of these @entity1 with retrograde inflow. Conclusions. Turbulent blood flow is one etiology of @entity4066 , with the sites in the majority of the cases being just proximal to a tortuous portion or union of vessels. In cases with dissection proximal to the tortuous course of the vertebral artery, retrograde inflow will occur more frequently than antegrade, which should be taken into account in designing therapeutic strategies.

title: Altered hemodynamics associated with pathogenesis of the vertebral artery dissecting XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['Type III dissections']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery dissection aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: @entity13876 (LCM) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) that has demonstrated a good efficacy in controlling @entity410 as an add-on in @entity302 . To date, there have been no studies on LCM in @entity1 with @entity1313 -related @entity302 (BTRE). To evaluate efficacy and tolerability of LCM as an add-on in BTRE, we followed 14 @entity1 suffering from BTRE who had already been treated with other AEDs and who had not experienced adequate @entity410 control. Eleven @entity1 underwent chemotherapy while being treated with LCM. Mean duration of follow up was 5.4 months ( @entity1009 max 10 months). Mean @entity410 number in the last month prior to the introduction of LCM had been 15.4. At last follow-up, the mean @entity410 number was reduced to 1.9/month. @entity13876 mean dosage was of 332.1 mg/day (min 100 max 400 mg/day). Responder rate was 78.6%. One @entity1 discontinued LCM because of side-effects. There were no other reported side-effects. Preliminary data on the use of LCM in add-on in @entity1 with BTRE indicate that this drug may represent a valid alternative as an add-on in this particular @entity1 population. However, larger samples are necessary in order to draw definitive conclusions.

title: XXXX as add-on in @entity1313 -related @entity302 : preliminary report on efficacy and tolerability.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity13876 :: ('MESH:C403507', 'Chemical') :: ['Lacosamide']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['adult epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity13876 :: (MESH:C403507,Chemical) :: ['Lacosamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical effect of empirical treatment with narrow-spectrum   - @entity17272 monotherapy (NSBM) versus broad-spectrum   - @entity17272 monotherapy (BSBM) in non-severe @entity497 ( @entity497 ). METHODS: Hospitalized @entity1 >= 18 years with @entity497 who received initial NSBM or BSBM, with a severity score according to @entity11103 -65<= 2 (C= @entity911 , R=respiratory rate >30/min, B=systolic blood pressure <90  mmHg or diastolic blood pressure <= 60  mmHg, 65= >= 65 years), in the Swedish @entity55 Register from 2008 to 2011 were included. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mortality, treatment at intensive care unit (ICU), and length of stay (LOS). Propensity score matching was performed to account for differences in baseline characteristics. RESULTS: There were 5961 @entity1 with @entity11103 -65<= 1 and 1344 @entity1 with @entity11103 -65=2. In the propensity score matched cohorts the 30-day mortality was 40/1827 (2.2%) with NSBM and 56/1827 (3.1%) with BSBM in @entity11103 -65<= 1, and 57/524 (10.9%) and 51/524 (9.7%), respectively, in @entity11103 -65=2. No significant differences in 30-day mortality were observed between NSBM and BSBM in @entity1 with @entity11103 -65<= 1 or @entity11103 -65=2, OR 1.41 (95% CI 0.94-2.14) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.59-1.32), respectively. There was no significant difference in 90-day mortality. @entity1 who received BSBM were more often treated at ICU and had longer LOS. CONCLUSIONS: Empirical NSBM appears to be effective in the majority of hospitalized immunocompetent adults with non-severe @entity497 and should be further evaluated in randomized trials.

title: Narrow-spectrum   - @entity17272 monotherapy in hospital treatment of XXXX : a register-based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: Conscious @entity840 received platelet activating factor (PAF, 0.03-0.25 microgram/kg, i.v.) and colloidal @entity505 (C, tracer for microvascular leakage). Fifteen min later the animal was killed and C-labelled microvessels (leakage) were detected in the mucosal/submucosal region of tracheal and bronchial sections. PAF was more potent than LTD4 or @entity112 . The numbers of leaky vessel were dose-related, arterioles and arteries were not affected, leaky vessels were seen from proximal @entity825 to intrapulmonary bronchi and @entity505 was not apparent in the alveolar wall. The effect was quick in onset, of short duration, could be repeated, was not produced by lyso-PAF and was unaffected by thrombocytopaenia (produced by an antiserum). Thrombocytopaenia itself did not cause leaky vessels in the airways nor affect @entity112 responses. Thus, @entity5567 causes an increase in microvascular leakage in the conducting airways, which is not dependent on platelets. The affected vessels are probably postcapillary bronchial venules and PAF may act via an endothelial cell receptor in these microvessels. This leakage effect of PAF in the airways could contribute to features of @entity565 .

title: Microvascular leakage to platelet activating factor in XXXX @entity825 and bronchi.

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: Six @entity1 with optic pathway @entity11 who were previously managed with surgery and/or chemotherapy were treated with @entity3003 (560 mg/sq m) after radiographic evidence of disease progression. The median age at diagnosis was 2 years (range 4 months to 7 years), and the interval between diagnosis and @entity3003 therapy ranged between 7 months and 6.5 years (median 1.8 years). Treatment was given at 4-week intervals and continued until unacceptable @entity137 supervened, the disease progressed, or the disease was stable for 12 months. All @entity1 @entity66 stability at the outset of the third cycle and continued to do so at the time of this writing. Two @entity1 are 16 and 32 months from initial @entity3003 therapy and have been off treatment for 5 and 14 months, respectively; two @entity1 are still receiving therapy at 7 and 11 months after their initial treatment. During the study, two @entity1 developed @entity56 to the drug, requiring its discontinuation. @entity137 was minimal, consisting mainly of @entity882 , requiring a one-dose reduction in four of the six treated @entity1 . No platelet transfusions were needed. These results suggest that @entity3003 can arrest growth of progressive optic pathway @entity11 in @entity1 and can allow delay of radiotherapy. A larger trial will be required to define the optimal use of @entity3003 in the treatment of low-grade @entity11 in @entity1 .

title: @entity3003 treatment of progressive optic pathway XXXX to delay radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['demonstrated disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity492 @entity3265 lyases (also referred to as aspartases) catalyze the reversible deamination of @entity14424 to yield @entity8516 and @entity3265 . In the proposed mechanism for these enzymes, an active site base abstracts a proton from C3 of @entity14424 to form an enzyme-stabilized enediolate intermediate. Ketonization of this intermediate eliminates @entity3265 and yields the product, fumarate. Although two crystal structures of aspartases have been determined, details of the catalytic mechanism have not yet been elucidated. In the present study, eight active site residues (Thr101, Ser140, Thr141, @entity2734 142, Thr187, His188, Lys324 and @entity2734 326) were mutated in the structurally characterized aspartase (AspB) from Bacillus sp. YM55-1. On the basis of a model of the complex in which @entity14424 was docked manually into the active site of AspB, the residues responsible for binding the @entity1472 group of @entity14424 were predicted to be Thr101, @entity2734 142 and His188. This postulate is supported by the mutagenesis studies: mutations at these positions resulted in mutant enzymes with reduced activity and significant increases in the K(m) for @entity14424 . Studies of the pH dependence of the kinetic parameters of AspB revealed that a basic group with a pK(a) of approximately 7 and an acidic group with a pK(a) of approximately 10 are essential for catalysis. His188 does not play the typical role of active site base or acid because the @entity57795 mutant retained significant activity and displayed an unchanged pH-rate profile compared to that of wild-type AspB. Mutation of Ser140 and Thr141 and kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes revealed that these residues are most likely involved in substrate binding and in stabilizing the enediolate intermediate. Mutagenesis studies corroborate the essential role of Lys324 because all mutations at this position resulted in mutant enzymes that were completely inactive. The substrate-binding model and kinetic analysis of mutant enzymes suggest that Thr187 and @entity2734 326 assist Lys324 in binding the C1 @entity3338 group of the substrate. A catalytic mechanism for AspB is presented that accounts for the observed properties of the mutant enzymes. Several features of the mechanism that are also found in related enzymes are discussed in detail and may help to define a common substrate binding mode for the lyases in the aspartase/fumarase superfamily.

title: Site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic and inhibition studies of XXXX @entity3265 lyase from Bacillus sp. YM55-1.

entities_list: @entity8516 :: ('CHEBI:29806', 'Chemical') :: ['fumarate']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity14424 :: ('CHEBI:29991', 'Chemical') :: ['L-aspartate']

answer: @entity492 :: (CHEBI:29995,Chemical) :: ['aspartate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is a serious complication seen in hospitalized, medically-ill @entity1 . Evaluation for @entity882 using a commercially-available ELISA-based test has become increasingly common; however, it does have a high false positive rate. Implications of @entity882 testing in @entity1 with @entity82 have not yet been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a single-institution, retrospective review of all @entity1 with @entity82 admitted over a 29-month period. The student's t-test and the   2 test were used for comparisons. We performed a stratified survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier and log rank testing. RESULTS: A total of 1,305 @entity1 had a @entity882 Ab sent during the study period. Of these @entity1 , 106 had @entity82 and were included in the study. Eighteen (17%) of the @entity1 with @entity82 were @entity882 Ab positive and four of the eighteen had a positive @entity750 Release Assay (SRA) confirmatory test. No difference was found in platelet nadir, thrombotic rate, length of stay, and @entity1 survival between @entity1 with positive @entity882 Ab and negative @entity882 Ab testing. No consistent treatment was used among @entity1 who were @entity882 Ab positive, despite hematology service consultation. @entity1 who were @entity882 Ab negative were more likely to have undergone liver transplantation compared to those who were positive (27 vs. 5.5%, respectively; p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity882 Ab testing is over-used in @entity1 with @entity82 and is poorly predictive of outcomes. With a poor positive predictive value, @entity882 testing may add unnecessary complexity to an already complicated @entity1 population.

title: XXXX testing is over-utilized in @entity82 _ correlates with poor clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia', 'HIT']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the incidence of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) after vertebroplasty in procedures performed under real-time computed tomographic (CT) fluoroscopy guidance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 85 vertebroplasties were performed in 51 consecutive @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 20 @entity1 ; mean age, 71.9 y; range, 48-92 y) in 51 sessions. The needle was inserted with guidance from intermittent single-shot CT scans, and intermittent CT fluoroscopy was used during cement injection only. To reduce the risk of extravertebral or extraosseous leakage, several procedures (cement injection stopping/slowing, needle position changes) were employed. The chest and treated bone were scanned immediately after vertebroplasty. These CT images included the entire thorax as well as the treated vertebrae. RESULTS: No cement emboli were observed on CT after vertebroplasty. After 85 vertebroplasty procedures, 44 extravertebral leaks were detected. Epidural leaks were observed on CT in six treated vertebrae (7%), in 12 cases in the anterior external venous plexus (14.1%), in five in the azygos vein (5.8%), in 19 in the disc space (22%), and in two in the foraminal space (2.3%). On a per- @entity1 basis, the odds of leaks increased with the number of vertebroplasties (P = .05) and the volume of cement used (P = .0412). There was also a higher probability of leak (P < .05) for @entity3814 (67.9%; 95% confidence interval, 47.7%-84.1%) than osteolytic spinal metastases (34.8%; 16.4%-57.3%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1151 did not occur after vertebroplasty under CT fluoroscopy guidance. Further larger prospective  vertebroplasty studies are needed to compare the rates of @entity1151 for CT versus conventional fluoroscopic guidance.

title: Incidence of XXXX after real-time CT fluoroscopy-guided vertebroplasty.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PCE', 'pulmonary cement embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary cement embolism']


abstract: A 23 year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital, complaining of sterility and @entity28 . Her serum TSH and Prolactin were abnormally high, and her serum T3, T4 were low. Contrast-enhanced computerized tomographic (CT) scan revealed a round mass in the sella and suprasellar region. A transsphenoidal operation was then performed. The intrasellar mass was composed of a soft liquid-like part and a solid part. Only the soft liquid-like part of the mass was removed. Histological examination showed the typical appearance of chromophobe @entity652 , Reticulin stain of the specimen revealed no reticular network. The remnant of the mass was considered to be @entity1373 because the size of the mass decreased on serial CT scan after thyroid hormonal replacement. Sometimes it may be difficult to distinguish between @entity1373 and @entity652 . The application of reticulin stains is considered to be useful for differentiation between @entity1373 and @entity652 .

title: [A case of pituitary adenoma and XXXX with primary hypothyroidism].

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: Mechanical loading of bone generates fluid flow within the mineralized matrix that exerts @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) on cells. We examined effects of @entity1642 on @entity5271 ( @entity5271 ), a critical factor for osteoclast formation. Primary @entity19 osteoblasts were subjected to @entity1642 (5 Hz, 10 dynes/cm(2)) for 1 h and then returned to static culture for varying times (post- @entity1642 ). Protein levels were measured by Western analysis and mRNA by Northern analysis, RT-PCR and quantitative PCR. There were 20- to 40-fold increases in @entity5271 mRNA at 2-4 h post- @entity1642 . @entity5271 protein was induced by 2 h post- @entity1642 and remained elevated for at least 8 h. Effects were independent of @entity1996 activity. Small increases (up to three-fold) in mRNA of the decoy receptor for @entity5271 , @entity16323 , were seen. Five min of @entity1642 , followed by static culture, was as effective in stimulating @entity5271 mRNA as 4 h of continuous @entity1642 . @entity1642 induced @entity268 activity, and H-89, a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, blocked the @entity1642 induction of @entity5271 . @entity9501 also inhibited the PKC pathway, but specific PKC inhibitors, @entity11009 and @entity25695 , did not inhibit @entity1642 -induced @entity5271 . @entity1642 induced phosphorylation of @entity8837 , and @entity4286 , an inhibitor of the ERK pathway, inhibited the @entity1642 induction of @entity5271 mRNA 60%-90%. Thus, brief exposure to @entity1642 resulted in sustained induction of @entity5271 expression after stopping @entity1642 , and this induction was dependent on PKA and ERK signaling pathways. Increased @entity5271 after mechanical loading may play a role in initiating @entity79 .

title: Fluid flow induces XXXX expression in primary @entity19 calvarial osteoblasts.

entities_list: @entity5271 :: ('21943(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone remodeling']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile FSS', 'FSS', 'fluid shear stress']

answer: @entity5271 :: (21943(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Rankl']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal timing of intravenous glucagon infusion for the treatment of @entity5327 . The @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) was occluded for 85 min in 106 Sprague-Dawley anesthetized @entity35 . The animals were divided into 12 treatment groups according to the timing of glucagon and saline administration, and survival was measured to 48 hr. Without treatment, all @entity35 died within 24 hr. Intravenous saline (10 ml/kg/hr) for 2 hr did not significantly improve 48-hr survival (17-33%). Glucagon (1.6 micrograms/kg/min iv) plus saline (10 mg/kg/hr iv) for 2 hr after @entity432 significantly improved survival from 33% (saline control) to 83% (P less than 0.02). The same treatment begun 1 hr before @entity6029 release (during @entity63 ) did not significantly improve survival (33% at 48 hr). Glucagon infusion during occlusive @entity5327 was detrimental when added to effective postischemia treatment, reducing survival from 83 to 33% (P less than 0.02). Adequate saline infusion was required for glucagon efficacy after @entity63 , as shown by an intermediate 48-hr survival of 50% when only maintenance saline (1.5 ml/kg/hr) was given. These data suggest that glucagon therapy should be delayed until after operative release of an @entity432 and should be accompanied by vigorous volume expansion.

title: Effect of intravenous glucagon on the survival of XXXX after @entity5327 .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['SMA occlusion', 'acute SMA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['acute occlusive mesenteric ischemia', 'mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 is an uncommon @entity5 , but its incidence is increasing worldwide. Chemoradiation is the standard primary treatment for @entity1 with loco-regional limited disease. However, once @entity1 develop metastatic spread, the prognosis is very poor. @entity1082 ) is present in around 80  % of @entity5 , but its prognostic and/or predictive value is essentially unknown in this disease. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 50 @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity957 treated at our institution with combined chemoradiotherapy for loco-regional limited disease. HPV status was evaluated from @entity982 -embedded @entity5 tissues collected at the time of diagnosis by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity1 , 42 (84  %) were HPV-positive. Thirty-two (64  %) @entity1 were positive to genotype 16, two (4  %) to genotype 18, and three (6  %) to both 16 and 18. Lymph nodal involvement and clinical stage at diagnosis were more advanced for HPV-positive @entity1 . After a median follow-up of 4  years (range 0.4-13.8), 46 (92  %) @entity1 were alive. Overall, eight @entity1 relapsed: One regional, one loco-regional, and six distant recurrences were observed. Four @entity1 died of metastatic disease. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative @entity1 was 92.5 and 50.0  %, respectively (P  <  0.01). In multivariate analysis, HPV-positivity was associated with a statistically significant better 5-year DFS (HR HPV+ vs HPV- 0.10; 95  % CI 0.02-0.50). Five-year overall survival in HPV-positive and HPV-negative @entity1 was 93.3 and 66.7  %, respectively (P  =  0.12). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, @entity5 had a statistically significant improved DFS compared to HPV-negative group.

title: Prognostic value of XXXX in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'anal cancers', 'Anal cancer', 'HPV-positive anal cancers', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['anal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether @entity7241 ( @entity7241 )-based dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) may be a useful method for assessing fraction of radiobiologically @entity519 cells in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A-07 and R-18 @entity1 @entity320 xenografts were used as preclinical @entity5 models. DCE-MRI was performed at a voxel size of 0.23 x 0.47 x 2.0 mm(3). Tumor images of E . F (E is the initial extraction fraction of @entity7241 and F is blood perfusion) and lambda (the partition coefficient of @entity7241 ) were produced by subjecting DCE-MRI series to Kety analysis. Microvascular density and @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) were determined by analysis of histological preparations. The fraction of radiobiologically @entity519 cells was measured by the paired survival curve method. RESULTS: E . F correlated with microvascular density, and lambda correlated with @entity3144 . The fraction of @entity519 cells was approximately 6.5-fold higher in R-18 @entity5 than in A-07 @entity5 , consistent with the observation that A-07 @entity5 showed higher values for E . F and microvascular density and lower cell density (i.e., higher values for lambda and @entity3144 ) than R-18 @entity5 . CONCLUSION: E . F and lambda images obtained by Kety analysis of DCE-MRI series contain information that may be utilized to estimate the extent of radiobiological @entity519 in @entity5 .

title: Assessment of microvascular density, @entity3144 , and radiobiological XXXX in @entity1 @entity320 xenografts by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity7241 :: ('MESH:D019786', 'Chemical') :: ['gadopentetate dimeglumine', 'Gd-DTPA']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['extracellular volume fraction', 'ECVF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2332 is an effective neuroprotective treatment for @entity1545 caused by @entity1779  ( @entity1779 ). It is reported to reduce @entity2657 and @entity528 . @entity7102 , a coagulation protease released from @entity4461 , is critical in @entity2657 formation following @entity1779 . @entity8225  ( @entity8225 ), matrix metalloproteinase  -9  ( @entity6929 ) and @entity6096  ( @entity6096 ) are @entity4  -associated mediators that have been implicated in @entity1779 pathology. In the present study, @entity7102 was used to induce @entity2657 in adult male @entity35 . Differences between a focal mild hypothermic group  (33  0.5  C) and a normothermic group  (37  C) were investigated. Following @entity2332 , brain water content and blood  -brain barrier  (BBB) disruption was assessed at 6, 24 and 48  h and subsequently at 3, 5 and  7  days. At the same time, the mRNA and protein expression of @entity8225 , @entity6929 and @entity6096 were also determined. It was identified that brain water content and BBB disruption increased at 6  h and reached a maximal level at 24  h in the normothermic group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity8225 , @entity6929 and @entity6096 started to increase at 24  h and reached a maximal level at 48  h. Focal mild @entity2332 tended to significantly reduce brain water content, BBB disruption and @entity8225 , @entity6929 and AQP expression at 24 and 48  h. The present data suggest that focal mild @entity2332 is an effective treatment for @entity4 formation through moderation of the mRNA and protein expression of @entity8225 , @entity6929 and @entity6096 .

title: Effects of focal mild @entity2332 on @entity7102 -induced @entity2657 formation and the expression of protease activated receptor-1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and @entity6096 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity8225 :: ('25439(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Protease activated receptor  -1', 'PAR  -1']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague  -Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal cell death']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia', 'Hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']