abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared the efficacy and safety of @entity903 and @entity2645 with that of placebo in the treatment of @entity162 in adult outpatients stabilized on a regimen of @entity1091 . METHOD: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 117 outpatients with DSM-III-R @entity162 , @entity308 phase, were randomly assigned to treatment with @entity903 (N=35), @entity2645 (N=39), or placebo (N=43) for 10 weeks. In addition to @entity1091 monotherapy, @entity1 may have received either @entity2049 or @entity1092 in combination with @entity1091 for control of @entity162 . @entity1 were stratified on the basis of trough serum @entity1091 levels determined at the screening visit (high: >0.8 meq/liter; low: </=0.8 meq/liter). Primary efficacy was assessed by change from baseline in scores on the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 and the Clinical Global Impression illness severity scale. RESULTS: Differences in overall efficacy among the three groups were not statistically significant. For @entity1 with high serum @entity1091 levels, antidepressant response at endpoint also did not significantly differ from placebo. However, both @entity903 and @entity2645 were superior to placebo for @entity1 with low serum @entity1091 levels. Compared to @entity2645 , @entity903 resulted in a lower incidence of adverse events, most notably emergence of @entity162 . CONCLUSIONS: Antidepressants may not be useful adjunctive therapy for @entity162 @entity1 with high serum @entity1091 levels. However, antidepressant therapy may be beneficial for @entity1 who cannot tolerate high serum @entity1091 levels or who have symptoms that are refractory to the antidepressant effects of @entity1091 .

title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of @entity2645 and XXXX in the treatment of @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar depression', 'bipolar disorder', 'bipolar depressed', 'manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['imipramine']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity903 :: (MESH:D017374,Chemical) :: ['paroxetine']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity5925 and @entity810 associated with @entity281 is rare. A 27-year-old housewife was admitted to our hospital with complaints of thirst, @entity425 , @entity490 and @entity1458 . There was no past history of @entity6 , drinking, @entity221 or drug habituation and a negative family history. Laboratory tests revealed @entity9958 , @entity788 , @entity4854 , @entity2629 and highly increased @entity908 phosphokinase in the plasma. She was treated with hemodialysis and insulin therapy. Serological studies showed a 4-fold increase in cytomegalovirus antibody titers 4 weeks after admission. Muscle biopsy specimens showed @entity528 and infiltration of T cell lymphocytes in the muscle. Renal biopsy specimens showed @entity4295 and some @entity5632 casts. No cytomegalovirus antigen was found in renal specimens by immunofluorescence study. From these results, it was determined that a systemic @entity2803 triggered @entity788 which caused @entity6 , @entity5925 and @entity810 .

title: XXXX associated with acute @entity788 , @entity5925 and renal failure.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-pancreatic type amylaseuria', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity9958 :: ('MESH:D009212', 'Disease') :: ['myoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegaloviral infection']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['hyaline degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity2803 :: (MESH:D003586,Disease) :: ['Cytomegalovirus infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine, in the context of a hospital addiction unit, which @entity1245 were abused and to look for correlations with the characteristics of detoxified @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out using the database of hospital admissions to the addiction unit for detoxification from 2003 to 2010. RESULTS: Of 879 admissions to the addiction unit during the seven-year period, 281 were for @entity1245 . The percentage of @entity1 addicted only to @entity1245 was higher among females than males. Benzodiazepine consumption had started as a drug addiction behavior in only 10% of cases. The main sources of prescription identified were general practitioners (52% of cases) or compliant pharmacists (25%). Overall, 15 different @entity1245 were abused, with @entity11312 being the most commonly used (by 123 @entity1 , 43.8% of the total). CONCLUSION: Our data show that, outside the population of multidrug addicts, there is an underestimated group of chronic @entity1245 consumers who are often not referred to medical institutions for treatment. Even in the group of @entity1 addicted to one substance only, we observed an abnormal number of requests for detoxification from @entity11312 , which appears to be more "popular" than other @entity1245 . This drug should be prescribed according to stricter criteria and submitted to closer control.

title: XXXX addiction: data analysis from an Italian medical unit for addiction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity11312 :: ('MESH:C023842', 'Chemical') :: ['lormetazepam']

answer: @entity11312 :: (MESH:C023842,Chemical) :: ['Lormetazepam']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is inadequate to meet cerebral metabolic demand. Adrenergic agonists improve cerebral blood flow, but clinical trials of increased doses in adults have not shown improved outcome from @entity1167 . This may be due to adverse beta-agonist-mediated effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of angiotensin II, a potent nonadrenergic vasopressor, on cerebral blood flow in @entity1167 . METHODS: Eleven immature @entity1707 were anesthetized and instrumented for regional blood flow measurements with radiolabeled microspheres. A sagittal sinus catheter was placed for blood gas determination. A blood flow measurement was performed in normal sinus rhythm and @entity2224 induced. After 10 minutes of @entity2224 , cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun and a blood flow measurement performed. Angiotensin II at a dose of 50 micrograms/kg was administered intravenously at 13 minutes of @entity2224 . A blood flow measurement was performed and defibrillation attempted. A fourth blood flow measurement was obtained if return of spontaneous circulation occurred. RESULTS: Total cerebral blood flow was 46.4 mL/min per 100 g in normal sinus rhythm. This fell to 6.9 mL/min per 100 g with cardiopulmonary resuscitation alone and rose to 30.8 mL/min per 100 g after the administration of angiotensin II. The improvement following angiotensin II was statistically different (P = .002). Cerebral blood flow further rose in the animals that had return of spontaneous circulation to 73.9 mL/min per 100 g. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11502 in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg significantly improves cerebral blood flow in this model of @entity1167 .

title: Angiotensin II administration improves cerebral blood flow in XXXX in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']


abstract: Weekly administration of low-dose @entity3907 reduces myelosuppression and increases dose intensity as compared with an every third week schedule. We conducted a phase II trial of weekly @entity1205 and @entity900 in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) to evaluate safety and efficacy. Thirty-seven @entity1 with chemona  ve stage IIIB (n=15), stage IV (n=16), or recurrence after operation (n=6) @entity1149 received intravenous infusions of @entity1205 at 35 mg/m(2) and @entity900 at 25 mg/m(2) for three consecutive weeks, followed by a week of rest. There were ten partial responses for an objective response rate of 30% (95% confidence interval (CI), 15-46%) in 33 evaluable @entity1 and 27% (95% CI, 13-41%) in the intent-to-treatment population. The median survival was 12.8 months (range 2.5-17.1), and the 1-year survival was 54%. @entity1503 , which were mild, included grade 4 @entity1398 in 6%. There were none with @entity1398 or severe (grade 3-4) infections, and no septic deaths. The common nonhematologic toxicities included grade 2-3 @entity390 and @entity391 (44%) and grade 2-3 @entity294 (14%). Consecutive weekly administrations of @entity1205 and @entity900 for 3 weeks produces minimal myelosuppression and shows activity in the treatment of chemona  ve @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . A randomized phase III trial is warranted to compare this 3 consecutive weeks protocol with administration of @entity1205 and @entity900 every third week.

title: Phase II study of XXXX and @entity900 administered as three consecutive weekly infusions for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity281 via a large number of molecular and cellular mechanisms, and this procoagulant activity has boosted basic and clinical research using anticoagulant molecules as therapeutic tools in @entity295 . Heparin, which is a naturally occurring proteoglycan that acts by reducing thrombin generation and fibrin formation, has not been rigorously tested in a randomized clinical trial. METHODS: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, single-center clinical trial. @entity1 are recruited through the emergency room at Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paul. This is a 650-bed University Hospital in Medell  n, Colombia and is a referral center for a region with approximately 3 million habitants. The recruitment process started on July 2005 and will finish on June 2007. @entity1 aged 18 years or older, males or females, hospitalized with clinically or microbiological confirmed @entity295 , have been included. The interventions are unfractioned heparin in low dose continuous infusion (500 units per hour for 7 days) or placebo, additionally to the standard of care for @entity295 @entity1 in Colombia. RESULTS: Our primary aims are to estimate the effects of heparin on hospital length of stay and change from baseline Multiple Organ Dysfunction (MOD) score. Secondary objectives are to estimate the effects of heparin on 28-day all-cause mortality, and to estimate the possible effect modification on 28-day all-cause mortality, in subgroups defined by source and site of infection, and baseline values of APACHE II score, MOD score and D-dimer. CONCLUSION: The available literature in animal and @entity1 research, and the understanding of the molecular biology regarding @entity32 and coagulation, supports a randomized clinical trial for the use of heparin in @entity295 . Our study will provide appropriate power to detect differences in valid surrogate outcomes, and it will explore important preliminary data for efficacy regarding the clinical end-point of mortality.

title: A randomized clinical trial of unfractioned heparin for treatment of XXXX (the HETRASE study): design and rationale [NCT00100308].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Infection promotes coagulation']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess changes of the light increment sensitivity (LIS) of the macular area in @entity1 with type 2 @entity8721 ( @entity8721 ). METHODS: Fifty-eight eyes of 30 @entity1 were examined in a cross-sectional study. All eyes were assigned to group A (early disease stages) or group B (late disease stages with @entity989 or vascular membranes). Investigation of visual function included visual acuity and fundus-related microperimetry. RESULTS: Thirty-seven and 16 eyes were assigned to group A and group B, respectively. Temporal to the fovea, each eye of group B had an @entity1019 . Topographically, the areas with reduced LIS correlated well with the angiographically hyperfluorescent areas or retinal pigmentations and showed a sharp demarcation from areas with normal LIS. However, within areas with angiographic alterations, at least some test locations exhibited preserved LIS in group B eyes; in 51% of group A eyes, none of those test locations showed abnormal LIS. Group A eyes that showed marked LIS reduction revealed common abnormalities: either hyporeflective spaces between the @entity2788 and the retinal pigment epithelium in OCT imaging or @entity3202 areas, both topographically related to the @entity1019 . Visual acuity was correlated with foveal LIS but not with the LIS temporal to the fovea. CONCLUSIONS: Long-standing morphologic macular alterations from type 2 @entity8721 are associated with topographically related functional impairment. Eyes with profound @entity1019 can exhibit relatively preserved visual acuity. Therefore, testing for retinal light sensitivity should be included as an additional outcome measure for future interventional studies.

title: Microperimetric assessment of XXXX with type 2 @entity8721 .

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic macular telangiectasia', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['neurosensory retina']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment clumping']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['absolute scotoma', 'parafoveal scotomas', 'scotoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 75-year-old @entity1 was admitted because of @entity662 and gait disturbance. He noticed @entity158 in the left anterior chest regardless of exercise 3 months prior to admission. Two months later, the chest became smart with motion, followed by @entity132 of the lower extremities. On admission, he was anemic. His lower extremities showed exaggerated deep tendon reflexes with positive Babinski signs and an @entity2055 . @entity425 , @entity5653 , or urinary disturbance was not found. An X-ray film of his thoracic spine disclosed compression @entity174 and protein content of his cerebrospinal fluid was increased. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the ill spines revealed fusion of the bodies of the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae with a low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and a partially high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. The intervertebral disc was destroyed. Although histological or bacteriological confirmation was absent, characteristic MRI findings were compatible with @entity4034 . After antibacterial chemotherapy, his clinical symptoms improved and he came to be able to walk again.

title: [A case of XXXX detected by MRI].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['spinal osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity5653 :: ('MESH:D019282', 'Disease') :: ['muscular wasting']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of superficial and deep sense with sensory ataxia']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['spinal osteomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Predictors of marked improvement versus failure to improve following surgery for adult @entity1635 have not been identified. Our objective was to identify factors that distinguish between @entity1 with the best and worst outcomes following surgery for adult @entity1635 . METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter @entity85 database. Inclusion criteria included: age 18-85, @entity1635 (Cobb >=  30  ), and 2-year follow-up. Based on the @entity717 Index (ODI) and the SRS-22 at 2-year follow-up, @entity1 with the best and worst outcomes were identified for younger (18-45) and older (46-85) adults with @entity1635 . Clinical and radiographic factors were compared between @entity1 with the best and worst outcomes. RESULTS: 276 @entity1 met inclusion criteria (89 younger and 187 older @entity1 ). Among younger @entity1 , predictors of poor outcome included: @entity308 / @entity148 , smoking, narcotic medication use, older age, greater body mass index (BMI) and greater severity of @entity158 prior to surgery. Among older @entity1 , predictors of poor outcome included: @entity308 / @entity148 , narcotic medication use, greater BMI and greater severity of @entity158 prior to surgery. None of the other baseline or peri-operative factors assessed distinguished the best and worst outcomes for younger or older @entity1 , including severity of @entity85 , or the occurrence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Not all @entity1 achieve favorable outcomes following surgery for adult @entity1635 . Baseline and peri-operative factors distinguishing between @entity1 with the best and worst outcomes were predominantly @entity1 factors, including BMI, @entity308 / @entity148 , smoking, and @entity158 severity; not comorbidities, severity of @entity85 , or complications.

title: Clinical and radiographic parameters that distinguish between the best and worst outcomes of XXXX surgery for adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity', 'deformity, operative parameters']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: @entity11141 and @entity117 are drugs used as anti-inflammatory agents. @entity2697 prevents nuclear factor-kappa B activation and can cause apoptosis. However, @entity2697 , a substrate of @entity11920 , is also an antioxidant and can scavenge reactive @entity26 species. Experiments were carried out to evaluate whether @entity2697 can modulate @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 . Addition of a @entity5204 such as @entity1426 (AA) to HepG2 cells resulted in loss of cell viability, especially in cells expressing @entity11920 (E47 cells). @entity137 was enhanced by the addition of 1 to 10 mM @entity2697 to the E47 cells but not to control HepG2 cells or HepG2 cells expressing CYP3A4. @entity2697 alone was not toxic, and the enhanced @entity137 by AA in the presence of @entity2697 was prevented by @entity12971 , a @entity11920 inhibitor, and by the antioxidant @entity22143 . @entity2697 potentiated AA-induced lipid peroxidation in the E47 cells, a reaction blocked by @entity12971 . @entity11920 levels were elevated by @entity2697 at concentrations (<5 mM), which did not increase @entity11920 mRNA levels. This increase was associated with a decrease of @entity11920 turnover by @entity2697 in the presence of @entity1880 . @entity2697 also potentiated @entity137 in hepatocytes isolated from @entity12905 treated @entity35 with high levels of @entity11920 and from saline controls. In view of the potential role of @entity11920 in contributing to @entity167 -induced oxidative stress and @entity99 , the potentiation of @entity11920 -dependent @entity137 and the elevation of @entity11920 levels by @entity2697 may be of clinical significance and merit caution in the use of @entity2697 and @entity2697 precursors such as @entity117 with certain other drugs.

title: XXXX increases @entity11920 levels and enhances @entity1426 @entity137 in HepG2 cells and cultured @entity35 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity5204 :: ('CHEBI:26208', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'AA toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate', 'Salicylate']

entities_list: @entity12971 :: ('MESH:C038491', 'Chemical') :: ['diallyl sulfide']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity22143 :: ('MESH:C010643', 'Chemical') :: ['(+/-)6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity11141 :: (MESH:D012980,Chemical) :: ['Sodium salicylate']


abstract: The occurrence of pellet fragmentation during the compression of pellets prepared mainly from a hard pharmaceutical filler material was investigated. The pellets consisted of 4 parts @entity23211 (generally considered as a hard material) to 1 part microcrystalline cellulose (used as a pellet forming material). Pellets of two porosities, 36% and 55%, were prepared. Compacts formed at 100 MPa applied pressure were @entity174 and the @entity174 surfaces were then visually examined. Lubricated pellets were also compacted in order to obtain tablets which could be easily deaggregated. Pellets retrieved from deaggregated tablets were compared with uncompacted pellets with respect to size and @entity174 resistance. The results showed that many pellets exposed in the tablet @entity174 surface were @entity174 , especially those with higher porosity. However, the lubricated pellets retrieved from deaggregated tablets were similar in size to the uncompacted pellets, i.e. fragmentation of these pellets was minimal. Furthermore, these retrieved pellets were more resistant to @entity174 than the original uncompacted pellets, indicating that the formation of cracks or flaws in the pellets during compaction was also minimal. It was thus concluded that deformation and probably densification, and not fragmentation, was the dominant compression mechanisms of this pellet formulation.

title: Occurrence of fragmentation during compression of pellets prepared from a 4 to 1 mixture of XXXX and microcrystalline cellulose.

entities_list: @entity23211 :: ('MESH:C494366', 'Chemical') :: ['dicalcium phosphate dihydrate']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractured']

answer: @entity23211 :: (MESH:C494366,Chemical) :: ['dicalcium phosphate dihydrate']


abstract: The risk of @entity854 among live births increases with advanced maternal age. Explanations for this elevated morbidity invoke several maternal mechanisms. The @entity53256 ( @entity53256 ) hypothesis asserts that mothers, nearing the end of their reproductive lifespan, reduce the stringency of a screen of offspring quality in utero based on life-history traits of parity and interbirth interval (IBI). A separate line of research implicates @entity1 @entity1465 during pregnancy as a signal of offspring quality. We test the @entity53256 hypothesis directly by examining whether the difference in gestational hCG across consecutive live births varies positively with the mother's number of previous live births but inversely with her most recent IBI. We applied multivariable regression methods to a unique dataset of gestational hCG for over 500 000 live births from 2002 to 2007. The difference in gestational hCG across mothers' consecutive live births varies positively with both mothers' parity and IBI. These associations remain similar among older mothers (35+ years). Findings support the @entity53256 hypothesis for the parity expectation but not for the IBI expectation. Further evidence for the @entity53256 hypothesis among contemporary @entity1 gestations would have to invoke screening mechanisms other than hCG.

title: A test of maternal @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin during pregnancy as an adaptive filter of XXXX gestations.

entities_list: @entity53256 :: ('MESH:C563293', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'relaxed filter stringency']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities and morbidity']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5433 is frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) but the evolution over time and the relationship to clinical characteristics are not yet established. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the correlation of disease activity and progression of disability with composite scores of cardiovascular @entity5433 and serum levels of @entity2661 in a cross-sectional study of @entity1 with clinically active and clinically stable @entity15 . In a longitudinal study of clinically active @entity15 @entity1 , we performed cardiovascular reflex tests for up to 2 years. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with clinically active relapsing-remitting @entity15 , age 33.0 +/- 7.3 years, and nine @entity1 with clinically stable @entity15 , age 41.3 +/- 10.9 were studied. Twenty-four healthy volunteers served as controls. Standard autonomic tests were repeated at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months in 18 of the 26 active @entity1 participating in a placebo-controlled trial with interferon-beta-1a. Parasympathetic dysfunction was assessed by heart rate response to the Valsalva manoeuvre, deep breathing and active change of posture, while sympathetic dysfunction was analysed by blood pressure response to active change of posture and to sustained handgrip, and by measuring levels of @entity1063 and @entity1425 in serum obtained in the supine position. RESULTS: In the cross-sectional study, the number of @entity1 with at least one abnormal sympathetic test was higher in the 'active' @entity1 group (39%) than in healthy controls (8%, P< 0.02) or 'stable' @entity1 (0%, P< 0.04), while no difference was seen in the parasympathetic score. Median @entity2922 levels were significantly lower in 'active' @entity15 @entity1 than in those with stable disease ( @entity1063 , 204 ng/l (interquartile range 158-310 ng/l) vs 363 ng/l (269-507 ng/l), P<0.02 and epinephrine, 23 ng/l (16-28 ng/l) vs 32 ng/l (24-107 ng/l), P<0.04). In the subgroup of @entity1 studied longitudinally, parasympathetic but not sympathetic dysfunction increased slightly during the follow-up period, with a significant correlation to the increase in clinical disability (r=0.7, P<0.002). No difference was seen for any of the autonomic scores between @entity1 treated with interferon-beta (n=12) and those receiving placebo (n=6). During acute exacerbations, only parasympathetic dysfunction tended to increase in parallel with a deterioration in the EDSS. CONCLUSIONS: Parasympathetic dysfunction was closely related to the progression of disability in @entity1 with @entity15 . In contrast, sympathetic dysfunction was associated to the clinical activity of @entity15 . This is in line with previous observations suggesting that the autonomic nervous system may be intimately linked with the disordered immune regulation in @entity15 .

title: XXXX in @entity15 is related to disease activity and progression of disability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['Autonomic dysfunction', 'autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity5433 :: (MESH:C563939,Disease) :: ['Autonomic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional MRI lesion measures modestly predict long term disability in some @entity922 ( @entity922 ) studies. @entity1010 suggests @entity393 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) with the potential to reflect disease progression to a greater extent than lesion measures. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether @entity1010 and lesion load, during the first year in @entity1 presenting with @entity922 , independently predict clinical outcome (development of @entity15 and disability at 6 years). METHODS: 99 @entity1 presenting with @entity922 were included in the study. T1 @entity2287 enhanced and T2 weighted brain MRI was acquired at baseline and approximately 1 year later. Percentage @entity1010 rate between baseline and follow-up scans was analysed using SIENA. RESULTS: Mean annual @entity1010 rates were -0.38% for all @entity1 , -0.50% in @entity1 who had developed @entity15 at 6 years and -0.26% in those who had not. @entity1010 rate (p = 0.005) and baseline T2 lesion load (p<0.001) were independent predictors of clinically definite @entity15 . While @entity1010 rate was a predictor of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score in a univariate analysis, only 1 year T2 lesion load change (p = 0.007) and baseline @entity2287 enhancing lesion number (p = 0.03) were independent predictors of EDSS score at the 6 year follow-up. T1 lesion load was the only MRI parameter which predicted @entity15 Functional Composite score at the 6 year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirm that @entity1010 occurs during the earliest phases of @entity15 and suggest that 1 year longitudinal measures of MRI change, if considered together with baseline MRI variables, might help to predict clinical status 6 years after the first demyelinating event in @entity922 @entity1 , better than measurements such as lesion or brain volumes on baseline MRI alone.

title: @entity1010 and lesion load measures over 1 year relate to clinical status after 6 years in XXXX with clinically isolated syndromes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy', 'Brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['neuroaxonal loss']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are versatile and important conjugation enzymes in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. 2. We have developed a convenient quantitative multi-well plate assay to measure the glucuronidation rate of @entity51808 ( @entity3708 ) for several UGTs. 3. We have used this method to screen 11 recombinant @entity1 UGTs for @entity3708 glucuronidation activity and studied the reaction kinetics with the most active enzymes. We have also examined the @entity3708 glucuronidation activity of liver microsomes from @entity1 , @entity1707 , @entity95 and @entity35 . 4.    At a substrate concentration of 20     M, the most active @entity3708 glucuronidation catalysts were @entity25039 followed by @entity11107 > @entity46589 > @entity51809 , whereas at 300     M @entity11107 was about 10 times better catalyst than the other recombinant UGTs. The activities of UGTs 1A3, 1A8, 1A9, 2B4 and 2B7 were low, whereas @entity6912 and @entity20987 exhibited no @entity3708 glucuronidation activity. @entity11107 exhibited a significantly higher Vmax and Km values toward both @entity3708 and @entity858 - @entity8686 than the other UGTs. 5. @entity1 , @entity1707 and @entity95 , but not @entity35 liver microsomes, catalyzed @entity3708 glucuronidation at high rates. 6. This new method is particularly suitable for fast activity screenings of UGTs 1A6, 1A7, 1A10 and 2A1 and @entity3708 glucuronidation activity determination from various samples.

title: A high throughput assay for the glucuronidation of XXXX by recombinant @entity1 @entity858 -glucuronosyltransferases and liver microsomes.

entities_list: @entity51808 :: ('MESH:C084236', 'Chemical') :: ['7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin']

entities_list: @entity8686 :: ('MESH:D020723', 'Chemical') :: ['glucuronic acid']

answer: @entity51808 :: (MESH:C084236,Chemical) :: ['7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnostic procedure of acute fatal @entity662 in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) in order to decrease the misdiagnosis rate and shorten the definite time to diagnosis. The ultimate aim is to rescue the @entity1 timely and effectively. METHODS: Three hundreds and two @entity1 (56.9    11.8 Years, 72% @entity1 ) complained with acute @entity662 and chest distress presenting to our @entity341 were recruited. They were divided into two groups according to visiting time (Group I: from October 2010 to March 2011, Group II: from October 2011 to March 2012). The misdiagnosis rate, definite time for diagnosis and medical expense were analyzed. @entity1 of Group I were diagnosed by initial doctors who made their diagnosis according to personal experience in outpatient service or rescue room in @entity341 . While @entity1 of Group II were all admitted to rescue room and were diagnosed and rescued according to the acute @entity662 screening flow-process diagram. Differences inter-group was compared. RESULTS: The misdiagnosis rate of fatal @entity662 in Group I and Group II was 6.8% and 0% respectively, and there was statistic difference (P=0.000). The definite time to diagnosis was 65.3 min and 40.1 min in control and Group II respectively, the difference had statistic significance (P=0.000). And the mean cost for treatment was 787.5/124.5   /  and 905.5/143.2   /  respectively, and there was statistic difference too (P=0.012). CONCLUSION: Treating emergency @entity1 with acute @entity662 according to the acute @entity662 screening flow-process diagram in rescue room will decrease misdiagnosis apparently, and it can also shorten the definite time to correct diagnosis. It has a remarkable positive role in rescuing @entity1 with acute @entity662 timely and effectively.

title: Acute fatal XXXX : optimized procedure in @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Association between DNA alterations and clinical parameters as recurrence, survival or prognosis has been found in a variety of @entity5 . A clear association between @entity259 ( @entity259 ) and @entity8958 oncogene mutation has been accepted. Specifically @entity38736 @entity8958 mutation represents the main genetic event in most cases of @entity11166 ( @entity11166 ) and limited chromosomal alterations analyses have been performed. METHODS: In the present work, a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) study was performed using DNA from a @entity5 in a @entity38736 @entity8958 mutation-positive @entity11166 @entity1 and from its lymph node @entity3 to investigate additional genetic alterations. We studied a @entity1 with 15 years of follow-up and persistence of disease, confirmed by periodical elevated serum calcitonin (CT) levels. RESULTS: Only 3 chromosomal imbalances were identified in the @entity5 , gain of 18p, and loss of 6p and 16p region, whereas 25 chromosomal imbalances were identified in the @entity3 (9 gains and 16 losses). CONCLUSION: The chromosomal changes 6p-, 16p-, 18p + could determine in part the oncogenic phenotype in the primary @entity38736 @entity8958 positive @entity5 and probably related to persistence of high serum CT levels in this @entity1 . The additional chromosomal changes observed could be related to the @entity3 phenotype. We suggest that some genes mapped at 6p, 16p and 18p chromosomal regions, could act as genes associated to @entity5 and could be related to persistent @entity11166 and good prognosis. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1720753793691097.

title: Genetic alterations in a primary XXXX and its lymph node @entity3 in a @entity1 with 15 years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity11166 :: ('MESH:C536911', 'Disease') :: ['SMTC', 'sporadic MTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma', 'MTC']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['medullary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is a major problem for @entity1689 ( @entity1689 ) @entity1 . Unfortunately, medical therapy often fails. Endoscopic and surgical treatments are invasive, and results vary. Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 (RFSN) is a relatively new and minimally invasive procedure for treatment of intractable @entity158 in @entity1689 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 18 RFSN procedures in 11 @entity1689 @entity1 , all refractory to analgesics. Five @entity1 underwent a second procedure; two @entity1 underwent a third procedure. NRS @entity158 scores were assessed. Complications, analgesics usage, and length of the @entity158 -free period were recorded. RESULTS: Radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 was effective in 15/18 interventions. The mean NRS @entity158 score decreased from 7.7      1.0 to 2.8      2.7 (P   <=  0.001). The @entity158 -free period lasted for a median period of 45  weeks. The effect of repeated interventions was comparable to the initial procedure. One transient side effect was reported. Four @entity1 reported significantly reduced analgesic usage; 4 @entity1 completely stopped their @entity158 medication. CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 is a minimally invasive, effective procedure for @entity158 relief. After the effect has subsided, RFSN can be successfully repeated. RFSN might become an alternative treatment in a selected group of @entity1689 @entity1 . A larger, randomized trial is justified to substantiate these findings.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of the @entity129 in XXXX with @entity1689 : results of single and repeated procedures in 11 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['CP', 'chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['splanchnic nerves']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A chromosomal analysis was performed on two cell lines which were derived from the liver of two @entity35 exposed to @entity107 in vivo. The cells were obtained by collagenase perfusion of the liver at an early stage of development of ATPase-deficient putative preneoplastic populations, and propagated from foci of epithelial cells which started growth in vitro. Cell line CL 38 proved to be tumorigenic after transplantation into @entity19 , giving @entity157 and @entity3 . Cell line CL 44 was nontumorigenic after transplantation into @entity19 and was therefore considered preneoplastic. The diploid nontumorigenic line CL 44, with a modal number of 42 chromosomes, showed a deletion of chromosome 1 and a translocation of chromosomes 3 and 14 [t(3q12;14q21)]. The @entity981 neoplastic cell line CL 38 has a modal chromosome number of 52 and showed tri- or tetrasomy of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 11, and 12 and a marker chromosome that might have originated from aberrant chromosome 1. One or two homologues of chromosome 3 showed terminal deletions (q42, q41, or q35). In both cell lines rearrangements of chromosome 11 were observed [rob(11q;?) or +11 or -11 or del(11)(q12)]. Some of these karyotype abnormalities are located on the same chromosome as described for transplantable @entity157 and for other chemically induced @entity5 of the @entity35 .

title: Chromosomal analysis of a XXXX -induced tumorigenic and a nontumorigenic @entity35 liver cell line.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdiploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['rise to hepatocellular carcinomas', 'hepatomas']

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['diethylnitrosamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the monocular and binocular outcomes of LASIK for a micro-monovision protocol for the correction of hyperopic @entity940 and @entity10818 . METHODS: A prospective non-comparative case series included 258 eyes of 129 consecutive @entity1 with hyperopic @entity940 and @entity10818 who were treated with LASIK-induced micro-monovision. The CRS-Master software was used to generate ablation profiles for the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 excimer laser. The target refraction was piano for distance eyes (dominant eye) and between -1.00 and -1.50 diopters (D) for near eyes. @entity1 were followed for 1 year. RESULTS: Mean attempted spherical equivalent refraction (SE) correction was +2.54+/-1.16 D (range: +0.25 to +5.75 D). Mean attempted cylinder was -0.52+/-0.49 D (range: -0.00 to -3.25 D). Median age was 56 years (range: 44 to 66 years). Median follow-up was 12.5 months (range: 3.3 months [early retreatment] to 18.2 months). The retreatment rate was 22%. Outcome measures after all treatments were as follows. Mean deviation from the intended SE correction was +0.09+/-0.48 D, with 79% of eyes within +/-0.50 D and 95% within +/-1.00 D. The cylinder correction ratio was 1.23+/-0.63 and the error ratio was 0.67+/-0.65. Of the distance eyes, 86% achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Binocularly, 95% of @entity1 achieved 20/20 and 100% achieved 20/40. Eighty-one percent of @entity1 could read J2 and 100% could read J5. Binocularly, 95% of @entity1 achieved 20/20 and could read J5. No eyes lost 2 or more lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. A statistically significant increase was noted in contrast sensitivity at 3 and 6 cycles per degree (cpd), with no reduction at 12 and 18 cpd. The average change in refraction between 3 months and 1 year was +0.11+/-0.36 D with a change of >1.00 D in 2.6% of eyes. CONCLUSIONS: This hyperopic micro-monovision protocol was a well-tolerated and effective procedure for treating @entity1 with @entity10818 in moderate to high @entity3467 with corrections ranging up to +5.75 D. Contrast sensitivity was improved and the distance vision of near eyes was found to contribute positively to binocular distance vision compared to distance eyes monocularly.

title: LASIK for hyperopic XXXX and @entity10818 using micro-monovision with the Carl Zeiss Meditec MEL80 platform.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

answer: @entity940 :: (MESH:D001251,Disease) :: ['astigmatism']


abstract: Studies in vitro suggest that the basilar artery has distinctive responses to endothelium-dependent stimuli. Our first goal was to examine the effects of @entity934 on diameter of the basilar artery in vivo. Because aggregating platelets may have important effects on cerebral arteries, our second goal was to examine the effects on the basilar artery of products that are released by platelets ( @entity2871 , @entity750 , and @entity1424 ). Diameter of the basilar artery was measured through a cranial window in anesthetized @entity35 (n = 25). Baseline diameter of the basilar artery was 247 +/- 10 microns mean +/- SEM. Topical application of @entity934 at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M dilated the basilar artery by 13 +/- 2% and 19 +/- 2%, respectively. The @entity2871 analogue @entity2872 at 10(-8) and 10(-7) M reduced the diameter of the basilar artery by 18 +/- 5% and 29 +/- 4%, respectively. At 10(-8) and 10(-7) M, @entity750 had little effect on pial arterioles on the cerebrum but constricted the basilar artery by 18 +/- 2% and 29 +/- 4%, respectively. At 10(-6) and 10(-5) M, @entity1424 produced marked dilatation of pial arterioles on the cerebrum (9 +/- 2% and 20 +/- 3%, respectively) but had little effect on the basilar artery (increased diameter by 4 +/- 2% and 6 +/- 2%, respectively). Thus, in contrast to some studies of the basilar artery in vitro, @entity934 produces dilatation of the basilar artery in vivo. Potent constrictor responses to @entity2871 and @entity750 , in combination with the minimal dilator effect of @entity1424 , suggest that release of these products during @entity1423 would favor constriction of the basilar artery.

title: Responses of XXXX basilar artery to @entity934 and platelet products in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1424 :: ('CHEBI:16761', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-diphosphate"]

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the first case of @entity364 in a @entity1 wearing daily disposable soft contact lenses. METHODS: Case Report. A 20-year-old white female in good health developed a corneal @entity1066 in her lefteye associated with daily disposable soft contact lens wear. There was no history of @entity735 , and she denied overnight wear. Corneal scrapings were taken, and the @entity1 was started on intensive @entity2890 14 mg/mL and @entity7048 50 mg/mL topical therapy for suspected @entity1036 . After 3 days of antibacterial therapy, the @entity1066 worsened. The cultures were negative as were the Gram stain and Gomori's @entity1332 silver stain. Initial cultures and stains were then repeated with the addition of a culture for herpes simplex virus. The developing clinical picture was suspicious for @entity364 . The @entity1 was then started on intensive @entity2176 2%, @entity5896 5%, and continued on fortified @entity2890 . Three days after the second corneal scrapings were performed, a positive fungal culture was obtained for Fusarium sp. @entity2176 and @entity2890 were then discontinued and @entity2379 B 0.15% was added to @entity5896 5% with the continuation of intensive topical therapy. RESULTS: The @entity1 's @entity1036 was successfully treated with intensive double antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 in daily disposable soft contact lens wear is an unusual occurrence. To our knowledge, there is no previous case of @entity364 occurring in @entity1 wearing daily disposable lenses. This case emphasizes the importance of considering fungus in the differential diagnosis for @entity1036 even in daily disposable contact lens wearers.

title: XXXX in a daily disposable soft contact lens wearer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cefazolin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial keratitis', 'Infectious keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['trauma to the left eye']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity5896 :: ('MESH:D010866', 'Chemical') :: ['natamycin']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Fungal keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall proteoglycans that have been shown to be important for pollen development. An @entity958 double null mutant for two pollen-specific AGPs ( @entity51652 @entity51653 ) showed reduced pollen tube growth and compromised response to germination cues in vivo. A microarray experiment was performed on @entity51652 @entity51653 pollen tubes to search for genetic interactions in the context of pollen tube growth. A yeast two-hybrid experiment for @entity51652 and @entity51653 was also designed. RESULTS: The lack of two specific AGPs induced a meaningful shift in the gene expression profile. In fact, a high number of genes showed altered expression levels, strengthening the case that @entity51652 and @entity51653 are involved in complex phenomena. The expression levels of @entity460 - and signaling-related genes were found to be altered, supporting the known roles of the respective proteins in pollen tube growth. Although the precise nature of the proposed interactions needs further investigation, the putative involvement of AGPs in signaling cascades through calmodulin and protein degradation via ubiquitin was indicated. The expression of stress-, as well as signaling- related, genes was also changed; a correlation that may result from the recognized similarities between signaling pathways in both defense and pollen tube growth.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments lent further support to these signaling pathways and revealed putative @entity51652 and @entity51653 interactors implicated in recycling of cell membrane components via endocytosis, through clathrin-mediated endosomes and multivesicular bodies. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented suggest the involvement of @entity51652 and @entity51653 in multiple signaling pathways, in particular those involved in developmental processes such as endocytosis-mediated plasma membrane remodeling during @entity958 pollen development. This highlights the importance of endosomal trafficking pathways which are rapidly emerging as fundamental regulators of the wall physiology.

title: Expression-based and co-localization detection of XXXX and arabinogalactan protein 11 interactors in @entity958 pollen and pollen tubes.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity51652 :: (831289(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['arabinogalactan protein 6']


abstract: We studied the spectrum of @entity1512 presenting to two busy district general hospitals over 2.5 years (November 1996 to April 1999), surveying the case notes of all @entity1 attending @entity15037 and Poole Hospitals with probable @entity1512 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-two cases of @entity1512 were identified, suggesting an annual incidence of 2/100 000/year. Seventy-three percent of @entity1 were aged > or =65 years. In 91% of @entity1 , back @entity158 was the presenting symptom, with neurological signs evident in 45% of @entity1 . Fever >37.5 degrees C was present in 68% of @entity1 , and a marked elevation of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in 91%. Diagnosis was originally by MRI in 86% of @entity1 , with plain radiographs not diagnostic of @entity1512 in the early stages of the @entity281 . @entity794 was the commonest pathogen (41%), but in 18% of @entity1 , no organism was identified. The major predisposing factors to @entity1512 were invasive procedures (41%), underlying @entity5 (25%) and @entity6 (18%). Pre-existing @entity179 was found in 50% of @entity1 . Four @entity1 whose causative organism was not isolated had a poorer outcome: one death and three with increased morbidity. Our estimated incidence rate (2/100 000/year) is higher than that in previous studies and may be due to a higher detection rate with MRI and/or a genuine increase in the number of cases. @entity1512 should be considered in any @entity1 who has severe localized @entity158 at any spinal level, especially if accompanied by @entity221 and elevated ESR, or in the immunosuppressed.

title: A case ascertainment study of XXXX : clinical, microbiological and radiological features.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['discitis', 'Septic discitis', 'septic discitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spinal disease']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['Royal Bournemouth']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['septic discitis']


abstract: @entity19 carrying an immunoglobulin enhancer ( @entity6498 -) linked c- or @entity10674 transgene develop fatal monoclonal or oligoclonal pre-B or @entity1892 . This indicates that, beside the @entity6498 -activated myc gene, additional genetic changes are required for @entity5 development. To trace these additional changes, we carried out a genome-wide search for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and @entity74 ( @entity74 ). This was done at 53 microsatellite markers in a panel of 34 @entity706 and four plasmacytomas from c- or @entity10674 transgene carrying (BALB/c x Mus spretus)F1 hybrids. An additional 43 @entity706 from non-transgenic F1 @entity19 were also investigated. Losses of one or more spretus-derived chromosome 9 markers were detected in 19 of 23 (83%) of the @entity706 , but in none of the four plasmacytomas that developed in @entity10674 F1 @entity19 . No LOH-9 was found in any of the 11 @entity706 from @entity6498 -c-myc F1 @entity19 and only in 1 of 46 (2%) @entity5 derived from non-transgenic (BALB/c x spretus)F1 hybrid controls. These results suggest that a gene on spretus chromosome 9 confers resistance to the development of @entity10674 but not c-myc-induced @entity706 . @entity74 of chromosome 15 markers ( @entity74 -15) was detected in 57 of 77 (74%) @entity706 and in 5 of 7 (72%) plasmacytomas, independently of the transgenic status and the mode of induction. All of the @entity706 with @entity74 -15 revealed a relative gain of the spretus-derived D15Mit6 allele (located at 13.7 cM from the centromere), together with a gain of the BALB/c allele of the more distal (29.6 cM) D15Mit64 marker, suggesting somatic recombination. LOH in the region close to c-myc was detected in a proportion of @entity5 with @entity74 -15. The observation of complex genetic alterations includes somatic recombination, @entity74 and LOH involving chromosome 15 in @entity5 induced by a myc transgene. This indicates that at least two genes in addition to c-myc on this chromosome can be involved in @entity706 development.

title: Allele-specific loss or imbalance of chromosomes 9, 15, and 16 in XXXX from interspecific F1 hybrid @entity19 carrying @entity6498 -c-myc or @entity10674 transgenes.

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphomas and three plasmacytomas', 'lymphomas and plasmacytomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['allelic imbalance', 'AI']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This randomized phase II trial investigated the efficacy and safety of @entity416 / @entity901 (CapOx) plus bevacizumab and dose-modified @entity416 / @entity2600 (mCapIri) plus bevacizumab as first-line therapy in @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 received bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg with @entity901 130 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 1000 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 or with @entity2600 200 mg/m(2)/day 1 plus @entity416 800 mg/m(2) bid/days 1-14 both every 21 days. The primary end point was 6 months progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 255 @entity1 were enrolled. The intent-to-treat population comprised 247 @entity1 (CapOx-bevacizumab: n = 127; mCapIri-bevacizumab: n = 120). The six-month PFS rates were 76% (95% CI, 69%-84%) and 84% (95% CI, 77%-90%). Median PFS and @entity3012 were 10.4 months (95% CI, 9.0-12.0) and 24.4 months (95% CI, 19.3-30.7) with CapOx-bevacizumab, and 12.1 months (95% CI, 10.8-13.2) and 25.5 months (95% CI, 21.0-31.0) with mCapIri-bevacizumab. Grade 3/4 @entity294 as predominant toxic effect occurred in 22% of @entity1 with CapOx-bevacizumab and in 16% with mCapIri-bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Both, CapOx-bevacizumab and mCapIri-bevacizumab, show promising activity and an excellent toxic effect profile. Efficacy is in the range of other bevacizumab-containing combination regimen although lower doses of @entity2600 and @entity416 were selected for mCapIri.

title: @entity416 / @entity2600 or @entity416 / XXXX in combination with bevacizumab is effective and safe as first-line therapy for metastatic @entity14 : a randomized phase II study of the AIO colorectal study group.

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['oxaliplatin']


abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of the Volunteer Collaborator Network (VCN) of Latin America as a community-based @entity311 case detection and treatment system, we conducted a study of the VCN of Guatemala. Volunteer Collaborators took 72.6% of all blood smears and identified 81.3% of all @entity311 cases reported by the Guatemalan National @entity311 Service. The average volunteer treated 5.8 @entity1 per month (range 0-32.8). In contrast, @entity400 ( @entity400 ) posts in government hospitals and health centers treated an average of 12.5 @entity1 per month (range 0.5-91.4). The slide positivity rate of blood smears taken by Volunteer Collaborators was 16.2% compared with 9.7% for @entity400 posts in health centers and 10.3% for @entity311 workers during active case detection. The average delay between the date a blood smear was taken and examined ranged from 18.1 days on the Pacific coastal plain to 26.3 days in the less accessible northern region of the country. An additional 14.5 to 47.6 days elapsed before the radical treatments were initiated in these two regions. Seventy percent of the @entity1 completed their radical treatments. In a survey conducted on the Pacific coastal plain of Guatemala, of 1,021 @entity1 with chills and/or @entity221 who believed they had @entity311 , 20.0% had visited a Volunteer Collaborator and 4.9% were treated at a government health center. Thus, the @entity400 network detected only 25% of all @entity1 with symptoms suggestive of @entity311 . Most of the remaining @entity1 treated themselves with antimalarial medications purchased in stores and pharmacies, but less than 15% of these @entity1 used adequate courses of therapy. Furthermore, the rate of detection of symptomatic @entity1 with @entity311 varied considerably from one community to another. Thus, data from the VCN are probably most useful when groups of communities or geographic areas are stratified for @entity311 control activities because at this level, variations between individual Volunteer Collaborator posts will be minimized. In spite of these problems, the VCN remains an excellent source of epidemiologic data for @entity311 control programs and the most practical means available for providing timely, appropriate antimalarial therapy to febrile @entity1 in rural areas.

title: Community participation in XXXX surveillance and treatment. II. Evaluation of the volunteer collaborator Network of Guatemala.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'passive case detection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: Single-cell recording of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was undertaken in 14 @entity1 with @entity191 submitted to surgery. Three hundred and fifty neurones were recorded and assessed for their response to passive and active movements. Thirty-two per cent were activated by passive and active movement of the limbs, oromandibular region and abdominal wall. All neurones with sensorimotor responses were in the dorsolateral region of the STN. Arm-related neurones were lateral (> or =14 mm plane) to leg-related neurones, which were found more medially (< or =12 mm). Representation of the oromandibular musculature was in the middle of the sensorimotor region (approximately 13 mm plane) and ventral to the arm and leg. Two hundred neurones were adequately isolated for 'off-line' analysis. The mean frequency of discharge was 33 +/- 17 Hz (13-117 Hz). Three types of neuronal discharges were distinguished: irregular (60.5%), tonic (24%) and oscillatory (15.5 %). They were statistically differentiated on the basis of their mean firing frequency and the coefficient of variation of the interspike interval. Neurones responding to movement were of the irregular or tonic type, and were found in the dorsolateral region of the STN. Neurones with oscillatory and low frequency activity did not respond to movement and were in the ventral one-third of the nucleus. Thirty-eight @entity400 -related neurones were recorded. The majority (84%) of these were sensitive to movement and were located in the dorsolateral region of the STN. Cross power analysis (n = 16) between the rhythmic neuronal activity and @entity400 in the limbs showed a peak frequency of 5 Hz (4-8 Hz). Neuronal activity of the substantia nigra pars reticulata was recorded 0.5-3 mm below the STN. Eighty neurones were recorded 'on-line' and 27 were isolated for 'off-line' analysis. A tonic pattern of discharge characterized by a mean firing rate of 71 +/- 28 Hz (35-122 Hz) with a mean coefficient of variation of the interspike interval of 0.85 +/- 0.29 ms was found. In only three neurones (11%) was there a response to sensorimotor stimulation. The findings of this study indicate that the somatotopic arrangement and electrophysiological features of the STN in @entity191 @entity1 are similar to those found in monkeys.

title: The subthalamic nucleus in XXXX : somatotopic organization and physiological characteristics.

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Clinical investigations designed to determine risk profiles for the development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) are usually performed in homogenous populations and often focus on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fasting triglyceride (TG) levels. However, there are major ethnic differences in the relationship of these risk factors to outcomes. For example, the BMI risk threshold may be higher in blacks than in whites and higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Furthermore, a WC that predicts an obese BMI in white @entity1 only predicts a BMI in the overweight category in black @entity1 . In addition, overweight black @entity1 have a greater risk of developing type 2 @entity6 than do overweight black @entity1 . Although TG levels are excellent predictors of @entity2690 resistance in whites, they are not effective markers of @entity2690 resistance in blacks. Among the criteria sets currently available to predict the development of @entity65 and type 2 @entity6 , the most well known is the @entity209 . The @entity209 has 5 criteria: @entity1144 , @entity2298 , low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, fasting @entity4854 , and @entity101 . To make the diagnosis of the @entity209 , 3 of the 5 factors must be present. For @entity1144 and low HDL, the @entity209 guidelines are sex specific. Diagnostic guidelines should also take ethnic differences into account, particularly in the diagnosis of @entity1144 and @entity2298 .

title: The relationship of body fat to XXXX : influence of sex and ethnicity.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic disease']


abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) displays strong resistance against many chemotherapeutic drugs. Overexpression of @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) appears to be part of this resistance. The involvement of another resistance mechanism, involving the decreased activity of DNA topoisomerase II (topoII), remains uncertain. By culturing the @entity1 @entity1358 and RC21 in the presence of increasing concentrations of @entity2879 , we derived the variant sublines RC2E, RC21A and RC21E, that had acquired approximately 30-, 60- and 90-fold resistance to this drug respectively. RC2E, RC21A and RC21E were approximately 50-, 5- and 400-fold cross-resistant to @entity632 respectively. RC2E and RC21E also showed cross-resistance (approximately 200- and 3500-fold respectively) to vinblastine. Quantitative differences in @entity1262 and @entity1262 expression (elevated in RC2E and RC21E) and topoII alpha (reduced in RC21E and RC21A) were demonstrated using Western blotting and the reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction. Decreased amounts of topoII alpha were reflected in a reduced activity of RC21A and RC21E as measured by unknotting @entity19725 DNA. Qualitative changes of the topoII alpha gene, such as point mutations in the motif B/DNBS and DNA-binding regions, or differences in methylation status of the promoter gene of RC21E, were not found. These cell lines represent a model of a solid @entity5 in which overexpression of @entity1262 , a combination of increased @entity1262 and decreased topoII alpha, and a decrease of topoII alpha are represented.

title: Decreased levels of topoisomerase II alpha in XXXX @entity1358 lines resistant to @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC lines RC2', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Treatment with @entity2391 reduces clinical disease activity in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Using flow cytometry, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a real-time polymerase chain reaction, we studied in vivo @entity2391 -induced effects on @entity404 (+) T-lymphocyte @entity436 expression as these influence central nervous system (CNS) transmigration and @entity32 . At 'steady state' (>/=1 day after the most recent @entity2391 injection), @entity2391 treatment increased @entity404 (+) T-cell surface expression of CC @entity436 ( @entity16952 , @entity5075 and @entity9350 after 3 months of treatment, whereas that of CXC @entity436 ( @entity366 was unaltered. Conversely, at 9-12 h after the most recent @entity2391 injection, @entity16952 , @entity5075 and @entity9350 expressions were unaltered, while @entity366 expression was reduced. @entity404 (+) T-cell surface expression of @entity16952 was significantly lower in untreated @entity15 @entity1 compared with healthy volunteers. Of the plasma chemokines, only @entity371 was increased by @entity2391 treatment; @entity10557 , @entity12868 , @entity5737 and @entity373 were unaltered. @entity5075 mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells correlated with the expression of T-helper type 1 (Th1)-associated genes whereas @entity16952 and @entity9350 mRNA expression correlated with Th2 and immunoregulatory genes. In conclusion, @entity2391 treatment caused 'steady-state' increases of several chemokine receptors relevant for @entity404 (+) T-lymphocyte trafficking and function, possibly facilitating lymphocyte migration into the CNS. An important therapeutic effect of @entity2391 treatment may be the normalization of a decreased Th2-related @entity404 (+) T-cell @entity16952 expression in @entity15 @entity1 . Surface @entity436 expression and @entity371 varied according to the timing of blood sampling in relation to the most recent @entity2391 injection. Thus, it is imperative to distinguish acute effects of @entity2391 from steady-state effects.

title: Dynamic T-lymphocyte @entity436 expression induced by interferon-beta therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2391 :: ('3456', 'Gene') :: ['interferon (IFN)-beta', 'IFN-beta']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity436 :: ('7852', 'Gene') :: ['chemokine receptor']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: Forty-two healthy male albino @entity95 weighing around 1 Kg were divided into 4 groups. Group I (8)- fed on normal stock diet, Group II (8)- fed on stock diet plus @entity165 (0.5 gm in 5 ml of olive oil). Group III (15)- received stock diet plus @entity165 plus garlic (0.25 gm) juice. Group IV (11)- received stock diet plus @entity165 plus onion (2.5 gm) juice. The animals were closely observed and followed for 16 weeks. Approximately every 4 weeks, blood samples were collected for estimation of various parameters (S. @entity165 , S. @entity1674 , S. lipoproteins, S. phospolipids, and fibrinolytic activity). At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and degree of @entity731 was graded (grade 0 to 4) in different groups and compared. Experimental study revealed that both garlic and onion (garlic more than onion) had significant effect in inhibiting the rise in S. @entity165 , S. @entity1674 , S. beta lipoproteins, and S. phospolipids and significant effect in enhancing the fibrinolytic activity. The beta: alpha ratio was altered favourably and the ratio was kept close to normal. As regards the degree of @entity731 as seen on post mortem, it was significantly less in garlic and onion group when compared with pure @entity165 group.

title: Onion, garlic, and experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) is a potent regulator of postnatal growth in mammals, yet little is known about the developmental control of @entity2135 synthesis. We have investigated the regulation of @entity2135 expression in the @entity35 in order to gain insight into the mechanisms of @entity2140 induction during early postnatal life. Steady-state levels of liver @entity2135 mRNA increased by more than 15-fold during the period from fetal day 18 to postnatal day 7 and reached 50% of adult values by day 14. Transcription run-on experiments using isolated hepatic nuclei and direct analysis of nuclear RNA each demonstrated a comparable rise in nascent @entity2135 mRNA over the same time period. Over 90% of transcripts were directed by promoter 1, the more 5' of the two @entity2135 gene promoters. By contrast @entity2620 gene transcription rates and mRNA levels fell during the first 3 weeks after birth, and albumin expression rose slightly. Analysis of chromatin structure around the @entity2135 gene revealed 15 @entity3420 -hypersensitive sites in adult @entity35 liver in the 120 kilobases (kb) comprising the 6 exon gene and its flanking regions (8 sites within 10 kb at the 5'-end including exons 1-3, 5 sites in the 50-kb third intron, and 2 sites in the 15-kb fifth intron). During development there was a progressive appearance of @entity3420 -hypersensitive sites that coincided with activation of @entity2135 gene expression. One site that became fully hypersensitive by postnatal day 7 was mapped by in vivo @entity3420 footprinting to the proximal 200 nucleotides of promoter 1. Since serum @entity2135 values rose from 10 to 120 micrograms/liter during the initial postnatal week, these results indicate that transcriptional mechanisms are principally responsible for the stimulation of @entity2135 synthesis that occurs shortly after birth. Because discrete changes in chromatin organization coincided with induction of @entity2135 gene transcription, it is likely that a series of developmentally modulated transcription factors are involved the activation process.

title: Chromatin changes accompany the developmental activation of insulin-like XXXX I gene transcription.

entities_list: @entity2135 :: ('24482(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'Insulin-like growth factor I']

answer: @entity2140 :: (79215(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth factor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Taxotere-based chemotherapy is the only approach which has recently demonstrated prolongation of survival in @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 . This article presents our experience with this therapy. METHODS: Since August 1999 we treated 49 @entity1 with Taxotere/ @entity12749 or Taxotere/ @entity229 combinations. RESULTS: Biochemical response occurred in 27 (55.1%) @entity1 , unaffected by prior exposure to chemotherapy. Among the 32 @entity1 with measurable disease, 7 (21/8%) @entity1 demonstrated partial response and an additional 16 (50%) @entity1 obtained stable disease. Half of the @entity1 withdrew @entity1286 palliative therapy. The median survival of all @entity1 was 12.6 months, significantly longer in @entity1 with biochemical response (14.3 vs 5.4 months) and no prior chemotherapy (14.3 vs 9.1 months). The disease recurred equally among osseous and soft tissue sites (18 sites each group). The most significant @entity137 was @entity1398 grade 3-4 in 26 (53%) @entity1 . Infection, among them one fatal, developed in 18 (37.3%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Taxotere-based chemotherapy is active and tolerated in @entity342 -independent @entity263 . Heavily pretreated @entity1 are sensitive to therapy. Progression occurred in bone and soft-tissue sites.

title: [Taxotere-based chemotherapy in XXXX -independent @entity263 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity12749 :: ('MESH:D004961', 'Chemical') :: ['Estramustine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['Prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: A liquid chromatographic (LC) method with fluorescence and UV detection was used to determine the @entity1501 contents of fish, meat, fish and meat products, @entity1573 , eggs, and milk consumed in Finland. @entity7615 , @entity26028 , @entity4181 , @entity56798 , and @entity1501 from 24 commodities obtained from supermarkets, retail stores, and different outlets in the Helsinki area were analyzed. Pooled samples were extracted at pH 6.0 in the presence of antioxidants and deconjugated with hog kidney deconjugase. Very low levels of @entity26457 were detected in meat and meat products. Fresh fish, fish sticks, and @entity1573 meat contained reasonable amounts (3-13 micrograms/100 g) of @entity26028 and @entity7615 . Egg yolk contained high concentrations of @entity7615 (140-150 micrograms/100 g); @entity56798 was also detected (14-17 micrograms/100 g). Between-species differences in @entity1501 monoglutamate distributions were observed. The highest levels of @entity26028 , > 5 micrograms/100 g, were found in @entity1573 meat and fillets of @entity5660 , whitefish, and baltic herring. @entity26028 was most abundant in fresh fish. LC was well suited for analyzing @entity1501 compositions of meat, fish, and other foods of animal origin. Recovery of added folates ranged from 49 to 96%.

title: Liquid chromatographic determination of XXXX monoglutamates in fish, meat, egg, and dairy products consumed in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['5-formyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity7615 :: ('MESH:C005984', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Methyltetrahydrofolate', '5-methyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity26028 :: ('MESH:C030371', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetrahydrofolate', 'tetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity56798 :: ('MESH:C012324', 'Chemical') :: ['10-formylfolic acid']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A clinical study was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of bilateral AeriSeal Emphysematous Lung Sealant System (ELS) treatment in @entity1 with advanced @entity2415 out to 1 year. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 received treatment at four subsegments, two in each upper lobe. Tenhad @entity75 , and 10 had homogeneous disease. Treatments were administered under moderate sedation. Efficacy was assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Procedure times were short (15.2    9.6 min), and hospital length of stay averaged 1.1 days. The study was successful in reaching its primary end point of a reduction at 3 months in upper lobe lung volume assessed by quantitative CT scan analysis ( - 895    484 mL, P < .001). Treatment was associated with improvements in spirometry ( /\ FEV 1 at 6 months = 31.2%    36.6%, 12 months = 25.0%    33.4%), gas trapping ( /\ residual volume/total lung capacity at 6 months = 2 7.2% 12.7%, 12 months = - 10.9% 14.0%), diffusing capacity of lung for @entity1223 (6 months = 12.7%    16.4%, 12 months = 12.3%    21.1%), symptom scores ( /\ Medical Research Council @entity1353 score at 6 months = median 0, range - 2 to 1, 12 months = median - 1, range - 3 to 0), and health-related quality of life ( /\ St. George Respiratory Questionnaire at 6 months = 8.0    17.2 U, 12 months = 7.0    15.8 U). There was one serious procedural complication and seven all-cause significant respiratory adverse events over 17 @entity1 -years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral ELS treatment administered under conscious sedation in @entity1 with advanced @entity2415 is associated with short procedure time and length of hospital stay and produces physiologic and functional improvement out to 1 year.

title: Bilateral endoscopic sealant lung volume reduction therapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonmonoxide']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['upper lobe disease']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['emphysema']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the antitumor effect of intravesical cationic liposome-mediated interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene delivery in an orthotopic @entity19 @entity150 model, and to investigate the immunologic memory against @entity5 between IL-12 gene therapy and bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) therapy. METHODS: Orthotopic @entity19 @entity150 were established by implanting 5 x 10(5) MBT-2 cells into the bladder of syngeneic female C3H @entity19 . Intravesical IL-12 gene therapy was evaluated at varying doses: 0 microg (control) and 3, 5, and 10 microg (n = 8 for each group). Intravesical treatments were performed every 3 days and repeated six times beginning 5 days after @entity5 implantation. To compare the long-term, @entity5 -specific immunity between IL-12-treated @entity19 (n = 18) and BCG-treated @entity19 (n = 20), the animals surviving at day 60 and 10 new control @entity19 were rechallenged with MBT-2 cells and received no additional treatment. On day 120, all surviving @entity19 were killed and underwent necropsy. RESULTS: In the IL-12 groups at doses of 0, 3, 5, and 10 microg, 0, 2, 3, and 3 @entity19 survived, respectively. @entity19 in the 5-microg and 10-microg IL-12 groups survived significantly longer than did the control group. All @entity19 cured by IL-12 treatment successfully rejected the rechallenge with MBT-2 cells; however, @entity19 cured by BCG and the new control @entity19 died of the rechallenged @entity150 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravesical IL-12 gene therapy, which induced @entity5 -specific immunologic memory compared with BCG therapy, improved survival in an orthotopic @entity150 model.

title: Intravesical interleukin-12 gene therapy in an orthotopic XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'long-lasting tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity4538 ) infection and its reactivation correlate both with the increased risk and with the worsening of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Because @entity2631 -like @entity272 can occur in chronic @entity2132 (cGVHD) in allogeneic stem-cell transplant (HCT) @entity1 and hCMV is relevant in the pathogenesis of @entity785 ( @entity785 ), we evaluated the possible pathogenetic link between hCMV and skin cGVHD. Plasma from 18 HCT @entity1 was tested for anti- @entity53482 and/or anti- @entity53483 antibodies, identified in @entity785 @entity1 , by direct ELISA assays. Both donors and recipients were anti-hCMV IgG positive, without @entity792 . Patients' purified anti- @entity53482 and anti- @entity53483 IgG binding to @entity1 umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and fibroblasts was performed by FACS analysis and ELISA test. HUVECs apoptosis and fibroblasts proliferation induced by patients' anti- @entity53483 antibodies were measured by DNA fragmentation and cell viability, respectively. About 11/18 @entity1 developed cGVHD and all of them showed skin involvement, ranging from diffuse @entity785 -like lesions to limited erythema. Eight of eleven cGVHD @entity1 were positive for anti- @entity53482 and/or anti- @entity53483 antibodies. Remarkably, 4/5 @entity1 who developed diffuse or limited @entity785 -like lesions had antibodies directed against both @entity53482 and @entity53483 ; their anti- @entity53483 IgG-bound HUVECs and fibroblasts induce both endothelial cell apoptosis and fibroblasts proliferation, similar to that induced by purified anti- @entity53482 and anti- @entity53483 antibodies obtained from @entity785 @entity1 . In conclusion, our data suggest a pathogenetic link between hCMV infection and @entity2631 -like skin cGVHD in HCT @entity1 through a mechanism of molecular mimicry between @entity53482 viral protein and @entity53483 molecule, as observed in @entity1 with @entity785 .

title: Antibodies against XXXX late protein @entity53482 in the pathogenesis of @entity2631 -like @entity272 in @entity2132 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity4538 :: ('10359', 'Species') :: ['Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity4538 :: (10359,Species) :: ['human cytomegalovirus']


abstract: To evaluate preoperative galactographic findings in the differentiation between the benign and @entity5 in @entity1 presenting spontaneous nipple discharge without mass. Of the 215 @entity1 who have undergone the galactography, 181 cases with abnormal galactography had surgery performed. All galactrograms were reviewed and galactographic findings were correlated to the pathological results to determine diagnostic differentiation. Of the 181 cases we operated on, 112 cases were macroscopically bloody, with 30 cases having @entity5 (26.8%). Fifty-four cases with serous discharge had seven @entity5 cases (13.0%). No @entity5 cases with other color discharge were found. Of the 37 @entity5 cases, 11 cases had lesions located in the main mammary ducts (lactiferous duct and the segmental duct) (29.7%) and 26 cases had lesions in the peripheral ducts (the subsegmental duct and its branches) (70.3%) (P<.05). Of 113 cases with @entity75 , 88 cases were located in the main mammary duct (77.9%) and 25 cases in the peripheral mammary duct (22.1%) (P<.05). Otherwise, 29 @entity5 cases (82.9%) had @entity5 cases (75.7%) had irregular intraductal defects that appeared in the galactograms, which is different from the 113 benign proliferative ductal lesion cases that had 88 cases (71.7%) with ductal dilatation and 90 cases (79.6%) with lobular or smooth intraductal defects (P<.05). These results showed that the @entity5 cases had a higher rate of locating in the peripheral duct, irregular intraductal duct defects, and @entity513 , and a lower rate associated with ductal dilatation or torsion. The galactographic findings were evaluated using the @entity5 location, types of intraductal defects, @entity384 . Preoperative diagnostic galactography is useful in differentiating between the benign or @entity5 in @entity1 with spontaneous nipple discharge.

title: The diagnostic value of galactography in XXXX with nipple discharge.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ductal obstructions and 28 cancer', 'malignant lesions', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['ductal obstruction, and dilatation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['benign proliferative ductal lesions']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A phase I-II trial was initiated to investigate the effects of a combination of alpha- and gamma-interferon in 12 @entity1 with @entity5 . All @entity1 were treated with alpha-interferon at a dose of 5-10 MU, 3-5 times weekly for a median of 22 months and had stable or progressive disease. Gamma-interferon was added at a daily dose of 0.5 MU subcutaneously. After 3 months of treatment 4 @entity1 showed progressive biochemical disease while 8 @entity1 had continuous stable biochemical disease. The dose was escalated to 1 MU daily in 8 @entity1 while 3 continued at lower dose levels. Gamma-interferon was withdrawn from one @entity1 due to @entity308 . At 6 months there was 1 partial response, 3 @entity1 with progressive and 7 with stable disease. Half of the @entity1 experienced increased fatigue during the study. Other adverse reactions were @entity272 and @entity925 . The combination therapy demonstrated subjective improvement in half of the @entity1 , but lacked antitumoral effects.

title: Combined alpha- and gamma-interferon therapy for malignant midgut XXXX . A phase I-II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['mental depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant carcinoid tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['carcinoid tumors']


abstract: This work analyzed the @entity35 soleus muscle after single and recurrent contusions at different stages of regeneration. A noninvasive contusion was produced by a type of drop-mass equipment. The posterior region of the right hind limb received a @entity130 and both right and left soleus muscles were analyzed 1, 4, and 6 days after a single contusion (1x), and 6 and 30 days after periodic contusions (10x, one @entity130 per week for 10 weeks). Single contusion: there was no significant difference between right and left soleus muscle weight. All animals showed abundant signs of @entity697 in the right soleus. @entity4833 activity was identified in regeneration segments of the right soleus. Periodic contusions: there was an increase in the right soleus muscle weight (alpha = 5%) only in the animals evaluated 6 days after periodic contusions. The right soleus muscle showed a high incidence of chronic signs of damage, such as split fibers and a centralized nucleus, which predominated when compared with the acute signs. Right soleus muscles showed split fibers with @entity4833 activity in both the proximal and middle regions. There was no difference in the incidence of muscle fiber types (I, II, and IIC) between right and left soleus muscles after periodic contusions. Skeletal @entity121 is common in @entity1 , especially in sport activities, where @entity130 are also frequent. The results of this work indicate that despite the regeneration process there is an important change in the morphological aspect of regenerated muscle fibers, which possibly affect muscle performance.

title: Effect of single and periodic contusion on the XXXX soleus muscle at different stages of regeneration.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute damage']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle contusion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['repetitive traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In this report, we present the clinicopathologic features of 11 cases of the plasmacytoid variant of @entity189 . This is a rare variant of @entity150 recognized by the current World Health Organization classification of urologic @entity5 . The plasmacytoid component varied from 30% to 100% of the @entity5 specimen; in 8 cases, the plasmacytoid component comprised greater than 50% of the @entity5 with 2 cases showing pure @entity189 . The architectural pattern of the @entity5 varied from solid expansile nests with noncohesive cells to mixed solid and alveolar growth; a streaking discohesive architecture was additionally present in 2 cases (18%). At histology, the individual @entity5 cells had an eccentrically placed nucleus and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm reminiscent of plasma cells. Most neoplastic cells had nuclei of low to intermediate nuclear grade with occasional nuclear pleomorphism. Seven of 9 mixed cases had concurrent conventional high-grade @entity189 , and the remaining 2 cases presented features of nested or micropapillary @entity189 . Small intracytoplasmic vacuoles were variably present in all cases. All @entity1 had advanced stage @entity5 (> @entity1803 ), and 8 (73%) had lymph node @entity3 . Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that both plasmacytoid and associated conventional @entity189 were positive for cytokeratins 7, 20, and @entity1325 / @entity1326 and epithelial membrane antigen; @entity13221 was positive in 3 cases. Follow-up information was available in all cases (range, 2-16 months; mean, 7 months). Nine of the @entity1 died of disease from 2 to 11 months, and 2 @entity1 were alive with disease at 8 and 16 months. In summary, plasmacytoid variant of @entity189 is an aggressive variant associated with poor prognosis that presents at an advanced clinical stage. In limited samples, it may be misdiagnosed as @entity2335 , a pitfall further compounded by @entity13221 expression in some cases. Morphological distinction from other @entity5 with plasmacytoid phenotype is critical for its clinical management.

title: Plasmacytoid urothelial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'plasmacytoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['chronic cystitis or plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the morphologic characteristics of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) induced @entity3794 . METHODS: 41 autopsy cases of @entity1030 were chosen as the study group and other 10 autopsy cases died from @entity1576 as control group. Histochemical stain and image quantitative analysis were used to identify the type of collagen. RESULTS: In 36 cases (88%) of study group, @entity82 proliferation could be seen in peri-bronchial area, especially in the bronchi under grade VI. Respiratory bronchiole and alveoli were also involved in 11 cases. The main component of collagen in @entity82 area was identified as type III collagen by sirius red stain, reticular fiber could also be seen by Gomori stain. The type III collagen in alveoli distributed interruptedly. Image quantitative analysis showed: the integral optical density (A) of type III collagen was much higher than that of type I collagen in peri-bronchial area (P < 0.01); Both A of type III and type I collagen in peri-bronchial area were higher than that in alveolar area (P < 0.01). Mucous purulent plugs, interrupted elastic fibers in bronchial wall and chronic @entity32 accompanied with @entity2617 in @entity82 area could also be seen. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1030 induced @entity3794 distributed mainly in peri-bronchial area, especially in the bronchi under grade VI. The main component of proliferative collagen was type III collagen. The genesis of @entity3794 might be associated with chronic @entity32 accompanied with lymphocytes. Peri-bronchial @entity82 , interrupt of elastic fibers in bronchial wall caused the bronchial lumen narrowed or collapsed making both @entity1224 deteriorated.

title: [A pathological study on @entity3794 caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytes infiltration']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['non-respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction and ventilation insufficiency']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']