abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node density is defined as the number of positive lymph nodes per total number of excised lymph nodes. In oral and maxillofacial @entity5 , there are recent data showing that increased lymph node density leads to worse outcomes for @entity1 . However, data correlating lymph node density with other known risk parameters are lacking. This study investigated whether a direct correlation exists among cervical lymph node density, depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and extracapsular @entity5 spread. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was undertaken to include all @entity1 who underwent neck dissection with resection of primary oral and @entity957 from January 2009 through July 2014. After applying the exclusion criteria, 286 @entity1 were identified. @entity5 depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and lymph node status, including extracapsular spread, were obtained from the standard pathology report. Descriptive statistics were applied. The association between 2 continuous @entity5 characteristics was summarized with the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the association between a continuous and a @entity5 characteristic was summarized with 2-sample t test. Statistical significance for the study was set at a P value less than .05. RESULTS: Mean age at time of surgery was 63.9    12.5  years. The final study included 169 @entity1 and 117 @entity1 (N  = 286). The mean depth of invasion was 12.3    11  mm (range, 1 to 69  mm). Mean lymph node density was 0.04    0.1 (range, 0 to 0.81). There was a positive association between lymph node density and depth of @entity5 invasion (Pearson correlation coefficient, r  = 0.21; P < .001). Tumors with perineural invasion had a statistically significant difference in mean lymph node density (0.074 for positive vs 0.024 for negative; P < .001). There also was a significant association in mean lymph node density with the presence of extracapsular spread (0.143 for positive and 0.010 for negative; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Statistically relevant positive linear relations among lymph node density, depth of invasion, perineural invasion, and extracapsular spread were identified. Lymph node density could have prognostic implications, because it is statistically correlated with other known prognostic features that lead to poor outcomes. Lymph node density could be an important feature to capture in future prospective trials. @entity4122 would be crucial in this endeavor.

title: Correlation of Lymph Node Density With Negative Outcome Predictors in Oral and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Primary tumor', 'binary tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['maxillofacial squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4122 :: ('MESH:D004108', 'Disease') :: ['Pathology standards']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['Maxillofacial Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction radiochemotherapy, followed by resection, for T4 @entity1149 , has shown promising long-term survival but may be associated with @entity86 and @entity204 , depending on @entity1 selection. Here, we determined the effect of induction radiochemotherapy on pulmonary function and whether postinduction pulmonary function changes predict hospital morbidity and @entity204 and long-term survival. METHODS: A consecutive prospective cohort of 72 @entity1 with T4 N0-2 M0 @entity1149 managed by radiochemotherapy, followed by resection, is reported. All @entity1 underwent thoracoabdominal computed tomography or fusion positron emission tomography-computed tomography, brain imaging, mediastinoscopy, echocardiography, ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy, and pulmonary function testing before and after induction therapy. Resection was performed if the postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1 second and diffusion capacity of the lung for @entity1223 exceeded 30% predicted and if the postoperative maximum @entity26 consumption exceeded 10 mL/kg/min. RESULTS: The postoperative 90-day mortality rate was 8% (lobectomy, 2%; pneumonectomy, 21%; p=0.01). All deaths after pneumonectomy occurred after right-sided procedures. The 3-year and 5-year survival was 50% (95% confidence interval, 36% to 62%) and 45% (95% confidence interval, 31% to 57%) and was significantly associated with completeness of resection (p=0.004) and resection type (pneumonectomy vs lobectomy, p=0.01). There was no correlation between postinduction pulmonary function changes and @entity86 or @entity204 or long-term survival in @entity1 managed by lobectomy or pneumonectomy. CONCLUSIONS: In properly selected @entity1 with T4 N0-2 M0 @entity1149 , resection after induction radiochemotherapy can be performed with a reasonable postoperative mortality rate and long-term survival, provided the resection is complete and a right-sided pneumonectomy is avoided. Postinduction pulmonary function changes did not correlate with @entity86 or @entity204 or with long-term outcome.

title: Impact of lung function changes after induction radiochemotherapy on resected T4 XXXX outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative morbidity', 'increased postoperative morbidity']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim was to investigate cheese samples for the prevalence of @entity794 , evaluate multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for @entity16330 identification, as well as to determine the antibacterial activity of @entity575 nanoparticles against such strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 100 random locally manufactured cheese samples were collected from Qena dairy markets, Egypt, and examined conventionally for the prevalence of @entity16330 then, confirmation of these isolates were done using multiplex PCR. The antibacterial activity of @entity575 nanoparticles against such isolates was also checked. RESULTS: Lower prevalence of @entity16330 in Damietta cheese (54%) than in Kareish cheese (62%) was recorded. As well lower frequency distribution for both @entity16330 (36%) and CNS (8%) was also reported for Damietta cheese. Using of multiplex PCR method for @entity16330 identification have been confirmed all 58 @entity16330 stains that were identified conventionally by detection of two PCR products on agarose gel: The 791 bp and the 638 bp. The correlation coefficient between conventional and multiplex PCR method was 0.91 and was significant at p <=0.001. Regarding antibacterial activity of @entity575 nanoparticles using disk diffusion method on Baird Parker agar it was found that inhibition zone of @entity575 nanoparticles against @entity16330 , was 19.2  0.91 mm and it was higher than that produced by @entity801 (400 units/ml) 15.2  0.89 mm. CONCLUSIONS: The present study illustrated the higher prevalence of @entity16330 in cheese samples that may constitute a public health hazard to consumers. According to the results, it can be concluded that @entity575 nanoparticles can be used as an effective antibacterial against @entity16330 . Thereby, there is a need for an appropriate study for using @entity575 nanoparticles in cleaning and disinfection of equipment and in food packaging.

title: Prevalence, molecular characterization of XXXX isolated from cheese and in vitro antibacterial activity of @entity575 nanoparticles against such strains.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: About 10% of all elderly dysvascular amputees have had cerebrovascular accidents at some time. This is an often overlooked but important fact which significantly impacts the outcomes of their rehabilitation, especially where prosthetic ambulation is attempted. This study reviews the rehabilitation outcomes of 46 @entity1 with the dual disability of @entity1158 and amputation. The mean age of the @entity1 was 63 years (range 49 to 84). Forty-one (89%) could participate in a trial of physical therapy, and 25 (54%) in a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Seventeen (37%) were fitted with a prosthesis, and 12 (26%) became independent ambulators. Eighteen (39%) achieved independence in their activities of daily living (ADL) and transfers. @entity1 were reviewed to establish those features predictive of a good outcome. The following factors were associated with regaining independent ambulation: the presence of a mild @entity1269 with residual hand function (p less than 0.001), a below-knee amputation (p less than 0.01), and a history of ambulation before the second disability (p = 0.05). The ADL independence was associated with a mild @entity1269 (p less than 0.001), and age less than 60 years (p less than 0.05). Incontinence of bowel or bladder was strongly predictive of failure to achieve independence in either @entity4764 (p less than 0.001). Of those @entity1 who did achieve independent ambulation, 73% were still ambulating a mean of 16.5 months later. These findings should be considered when planning rehabilitation goals for @entity1 with the dual disability of @entity1158 and amputation.

title: XXXX and amputation: rehabilitation in the dual disability.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4764 :: ('MESH:D051346', 'Disease') :: ['ADL or ambulation']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

answer: @entity1158 :: (MESH:D006429,Disease) :: ['Hemiplegia']


abstract: One hundred and three @entity1 with clinical stage C @entity263 (palpable extra-organ extension) underwent inductive chemo-hormonal treatment followed by radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. First a careful noninvasive @entity5 staging was performed, which included a thorough @entity5584 , PSA, @entity2786 , chest X-ray, bone scan, IVP, transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography, CT and MRI. Then inductive chemo-hormonal therapy commenced. It consisted of total @entity342 deprivation plus the administration of cDDP or @entity1487 + @entity4181 + @entity1138 . After completion of chemotherapy (i.e. 4 months later), noninvasive staging was repeated. Then radical prostatectomy was carried out, followed by histologic work-up of the specimen. Postinductive, noninvasive examinations showed clinical downstaging in 49 of the original 103 @entity1 (47.5%). Histopathology showed confinement of the @entity5 to the prostate in 40 specimens (38.8%). These results prove that chemo-hormonal induction is highly effective and suggest strongly but do not prove definitely histological downstaging in a significant percentage of the @entity1 .

title: Downstaging of stage C XXXX by inductive chemo-hormonal therapy?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium folinate']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['digital rectal palpation']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Internal fixation, commonly used for extracapsular @entity173 , may fail particularly in unstable @entity174 . Replacement of the hip using arthroplasty, often used for intracapsular @entity174 , has been used as an alternative. OBJECTIVES: To compare replacement arthroplasty with internal fixation for the treatment of extracapsular @entity173 in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (December 2005), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 4, 2005), MEDLINE, EMBASE, the UK National Research Register, several orthopaedic journals, conference proceedings and reference lists of articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing replacement arthroplasty with an internal fixation implant for adults with an extracapsular hip @entity174 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Both review authors independently assessed 10 aspects of trial quality and extracted data. We requested additional information from trial investigators. Where appropriate, limited pooling of data was performed. MAIN RESULTS: Two randomised controlled trials including a total of 148 @entity1 aged 70 years or over with unstable extracapsular @entity173 in the trochanteric region were identified and included in this review. Both had methodological limitations, including inadequate assessment of longer-term outcome. One trial compared a cemented arthroplasty with a sliding hip screw. This found no significant differences between the two methods of treatment for operating time, local wound complications, mechanical complications, reoperation, mortality or loss of independence of previously independent @entity1 at one year. There was, however, a higher blood transfusion need in the arthroplasty group. The other trial compared a cementless arthroplasty versus a proximal femoral nail. It also found a higher blood transfusion need in the arthroplasty group, together with a greater operative @entity190 , and a longer length of surgery. There were no significant differences between the two interventions for mechanical complications, local wound complications, reoperation, general complications, mortality at one year or long-term function. None of the pooled outcome data yielded statistically significant differences between the arthroplasty and internal fixation, with the exception of the significantly higher numbers of @entity1 in the arthroplasty group requiring blood transfusion (relative risk 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.77). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine whether replacement arthroplasty has any advantage over internal fixation for extracapsular @entity173 . Further larger well-designed randomised trials comparing arthroplasty versus internal fixation for the treatment of unstable @entity174 are required.

title: Replacement arthroplasty versus internal fixation for extracapsular XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fractures']


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the @entity8 in the pathogenesis of salt-induced @entity101 in sinoaortic-denervated uninephrectomized @entity95 . Twelve @entity95 were divided into two groups. Sinoaortic-denervated uninephrectomized @entity95 with intact renal nerves (sham group: n = 6) and without renal nerves (RDN group; n = 6). In both groups, 2 days of 154 meq/l @entity1219 loading was followed by 10 days of 1,700 meq/l @entity1219 loading. We administered 154 meq/l or 1,700 meq/l @entity1219 intravenously at every 8 h. Serial changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded using a microcomputer system. We chronologically measured hematocrit, serum osmolality, serum @entity1372 , @entity972 , and @entity2865 concentration, serum @entity1011 , plasma @entity28637 activity, plasma @entity1369 , plasma @entity1063 , plasma @entity5463 , and plasma atrial natriuretic peptide. Urine volume and body weight were recorded every day, as were urinary concentrations of @entity1372 , @entity972 , and @entity2865 . The basal value of MAP in the sham group was significantly higher than that in the RDN group (on day -2, 111 +/- 1 mmHg for sham, 99 +/- 2 for RDN, P less than 0.001). Hypertonic saline loading induced an elevation of blood pressure in the sham group (126 +/- 2 mmHg on day 4, 127 +/- 2 on day 7, 124 +/- 4 on day 10). There were no significant changes in the response to salt loading in the RDN group. In the sham group, the retention of @entity1372 was significant compared with that in the RDN group on day 5, and this difference was maintained until the end of the experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Renal nerves contribute to salt-induced @entity101 in sinoaortic-denervated uninephrectomized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['role of the renal nerves']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: Levels of DNA adducts vary greatly in vivo, attributable to individual differences in enzymatic bioactivation of @entity3014 . We developed an assay to measure the levels of DNA adducts induced in vitro by @entity4624 ( @entity12847 ), a bioactivated form of @entity3014 . In this large molecular epidemiological study of @entity2 , we tested the hypothesis that the level of in vitro @entity12847 -induced adducts is associated with risk of @entity2 . This hospital-based case-control study included 221 newly diagnosed @entity2 cases and 229 healthy controls frequency matched on age, sex, ethnicity, and smoking status. Short-term cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from each subject were exposed in vitro to @entity12847 (4 microm) for 5 h, and the 32P-postlabeling method was then used to measure @entity12847 -induced DNA adducts in the host cells. Overall, the @entity1 had significantly higher levels of @entity12847 -DNA adducts than did the controls (mean +/- SD per 107 @entity2036 , 93.2+/-89.3 for cases versus 63.7+/-61.1 for controls; P = 0.001). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the crude and adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. When the median adduct level of controls (46/10(7) @entity2036 ) was used as the cutoff point, 64% of cases had higher levels (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-3.33, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, recent weight loss, pack-years smoked, smoking in the last 24 h, and family history of @entity5 ). Stratified analyses showed consistently higher levels of @entity12847 -induced adducts in cases than in controls, regardless of subgroup of age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, recent weight loss, pack-years smoked, smoking in the last 24 h, and family history of @entity5 . A significant dose-response relationship between the quartile levels of @entity12847 -induced DNA adducts and the risk of @entity2 was observed (trend test, P < 0.001). The significant association between the level of in vitro @entity12847 -induced DNA adducts and risk for @entity2 suggests that subjects very sensitive to @entity12847 -induced DNA damage may have a suboptimal ability to remove the @entity12847 -DNA adducts and so are susceptible to @entity286 carcinogen exposure and, therefore, may be at increased risk of @entity2 .

title: Sensitivity to DNA damage induced by @entity4624 and risk of XXXX : a case-control analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Survival from @entity19 @entity7180 is highly dependent on @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ) ligand-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and subsequent clearance of the infectious agent Nocardia asteroides. Intratracheal inoculation of N. asteroides rapidly up-regulated the CXC chemokines @entity9701 ( @entity9701 ) and KC within 24 h, with levels remaining elevated through day 3 before returning to near baseline levels by day 7. Coinciding with elevated @entity9701 and KC were the rapid recruitment of neutrophils and clearance of the organism. Anti- @entity17775 Ab-mediated neutrophil depletion before bacterial challenge resulted in strikingly increased mortality to N. asteroides infection. The relative contribution of @entity9701 in neutrophil recruitment was examined by anti- @entity9701 Ab treatment before @entity281 . @entity9701 neutralization had no detrimental effects on survival, neutrophil recruitment, or bacterial clearance, suggesting the usage of additional or alternative @entity18510 -binding ligands. The importance of the CXC family of chemokines was determined by the administration of an anti- @entity18510 Ab capable of blocking ligand binding in vivo. Anti- @entity18510 treatment greatly increased mortality by preventing neutrophil migration into the lung. Paralleling this impaired neutrophil recruitment was a 100-fold increase in lung bacterial burden. Combined, these observations indicate a critical role for neutrophils and CXC chemokines during @entity55 . These data directly link @entity18510 ligands and neutrophil recruitment and lend further support to the concept of CXC chemokine redundancy. For infections highly dependent on neutrophils, such as @entity55 , this is of critical importance.

title: Bacterial clearance and survival are dependent on @entity18510 ligands in a XXXX model of @entity7180 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nocardial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity9701 :: ('20310(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MIP-2', 'macrophage inflammatory protein-2']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['nocardial infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The scientific debate on oral contraceptives (OCs) and @entity715 continues unabated. The aim of this survey was to evaluate available scientific data on OCs and @entity715 and to make tentative prescription recommendations of OCs to @entity1 with and without various thrombotic risk factors. CONSENSUS: In @entity1 15-29 years old, @entity1211 is about twice as common as arterial complications. In @entity1 between 30 and 44 years, the number of arterial complications exceeds @entity66 by about 50%. The mortality from @entity455 is 3.5 times higher than the number of deaths from @entity66 in @entity1 below 30 years, and 8.5 times higher in @entity1 30-44 years old. A significant disability is more frequent in @entity1 suffering and surviving an arterial complication than in @entity1 with @entity1211 . Although many important scientific issues still have to be addressed, the available scientific data suggests a differential influence of OCs with second and third generation progestagens on the risk of venous and @entity455 . OCs with second generation progestagens seem to confer a smaller increase in the risk of @entity66 and a higher increase in risk of arterial complications, compared with OCs containing third generation progestagens. The possible difference on the venous side seems to be smaller than primarily anticipated. RESULTS: Young @entity1 without any known risk factor for @entity715 may use any low-dose OC. If OCs are prescribed to @entity1 with known risk factors for arterial @entity715 ; e.g. smoking, @entity6 , controlled @entity101 , @entity5330 , family disposition of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) or @entity64 , a low-dose pill with a third generation progestagen may have an advantage. If OCs are considered for @entity1 with risk factors for @entity66 such as severe @entity28 , varicose veins, family history of VTE or with @entity5337 mutation, a low-dose combined pill with a second generation progestagen may be preferable. In @entity1 above 30 years, OCs with third generation progestagens generally seem to confer less overall thrombotic morbidity, mortality and disability than OCs with second generation progestagens. These @entity1 should reconsider, however, the indication of combined OCs in the presence of significant risk factors of @entity715 .

title: Oral contraceptives and XXXX . From risk estimates to health impact.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial diseases']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease', 'venous diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic diseases', 'thrombotic disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombosis']


abstract: Activities of acidic proteases ( @entity467 + L) and neutral, @entity460 -dependent proteases ( @entity13667 ) were quantified to determine whether differences in proteolytic activity could explain differences in meat tenderness among breed types. Steers (n = 32) of known percentage Angus (A) and Brahman (B) breeding were used to establish differences in meat tenderness (A; 3/4A-1/4B; 1/2A-1/2B; 1/4A-3/4B). Samples were removed from the longissimus muscle within 1 h postmortem and within 2 h were frozen for subsequent determination of @entity467 + L, @entity13667 -I, @entity13667 -II and @entity13667 -inhibitor activities. Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) was assessed after 1, 5 and 10 d of postmortem aging. Taste panel evaluations, conducted on steaks that were subjected to 5 d of aging, detected no differences. At d 1, WBS did not differ among breed types; however, by d 10 of aging, steaks from Angus steers were more tender (P less than .05) than steaks from 1/2B and 3/4B steers. The Angus and 1/4B steaks had significantly more (P less than .05) @entity467 + L activity than the 3/4B. The @entity13667 had no relationship with WBS; however, @entity13667 -inhibitor was positively related to d-1 WBS (r = .41, P less than .05). @entity467 + L activity was negatively related to WBS at d 10 (r = -.44, P less than .05). These data suggest that differences in meat tenderness among breed types may be explained partially by differences in proteolytic enzyme activity.

title: Differences in XXXX + L and @entity460 -dependent protease activities among breed type and their relationship to beef tenderness.

entities_list: @entity467 :: ('1508', 'Gene') :: ['cathepsin B', 'Cathepsin B']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity467 :: (1508,Gene) :: ['cathepsin B']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no effective treatment for @entity146 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity205 and low-dose @entity1667 in a 64-year-old @entity1 with @entity146 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were done on biopsy specimens from the skin and other organs. Mast cells, predominantly containing tryptase, were derived from @entity1 umbilical cord blood cells cultured in the presence of @entity6826 and @entity650 . IgE-sensitized cultured @entity1 mast cells were activated by anti-IgE, and the effect of @entity205 on @entity112 release was investigated. In addition, blood and urine levels of various mediators were measured in the @entity1 before and after therapy. RESULTS: Biopsy specimens of the @entity1 's @entity272 showed an increase of mast cells; cells containing tryptase (but not chymase) comprised 20% to 50% of the skin mast cells. @entity112 release from activated cultured mast cells was inhibited by @entity205 in a concentration-dependent manner. When the @entity1 was treated with @entity205 and low-dose @entity1667 , he showed a good response. CONCLUSION: @entity205 combined with low-dose @entity1667 may be a reasonable therapy for @entity146 .

title: Response to @entity205 and low-dose XXXX in @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin', 'cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

answer: @entity1667 :: (MESH:D008775,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to encapsulate @entity6478 into nano-liposomes, incorporate it into dry powder inhaler, and to provide prolonged effective concentration in airways to enhance mucociliary clearance and prevent @entity325 in @entity1577 . Liposomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique and then dispersion was passed through high pressure homogenizer to achieve size of nanometer range. Nano-liposomes were separated by centrifugation and were characterized. They were dispersed in @entity1391 buffer saline pH 7.4 containing carriers ( @entity1132 / @entity969 / @entity2656 ), and @entity2228 as anti-adherent. The resultant dispersion was spray dried. The spray dried powders were characterized and in vitro drug release studies were performed using @entity1391 buffer saline pH 7.4. In vitro and in vivo drug pulmonary deposition was carried out using Andersen Cascade Impactor and by estimating drug in @entity133 and lung homogenate after intratracheal instillation in @entity35 respectively. Nano-liposomes were found to have mean volume diameter of 198 +/- 15 nm, and 57% +/- 1.9% of drug entrapment. @entity2656 based formulation was found to have low density, good flowability, particle size of 6.7 +/- 0.6 microm determined by Malvern MasterSizer, maximum fine particle fraction of 67.6 +/- 0.6%, mean mass aerodynamic diameter 2.3 +/- 0.1 microm, and geometric standard deviation 2.4 +/- 0.1. Developed formulations were found to have prolonged drug release following Higuchi's Controlled Release model and in vivo studies showed maximal retention time of drug of 12 hrs within the lungs and slow clearance from the lungs. This study provides a practical approach for direct lung delivery of @entity6478 encapsulated in liposomes for controlled and prolonged retention at the site of action from dry powder inhaler. It can provide a promising alternative to the presently available nebulizers in terms of prolonged pharmacological effect, reducing systemic side effects such as @entity972 retention due to rapid clearance of the drug from lungs in @entity1 suffering from @entity1577 .

title: Nano-liposomal dry powder inhaler of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['Mannitol', 'mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiloride Hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial alveolar lavage']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['secondary infection']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['Amiloride Hydrochloride']


abstract: <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Brain ischemia i @entity2806 al metabolic events leading to neuronal death. @entity528 ediate large amount of damage that arises after some neurodegenerativ @entity179 sient brain ischemia. @entity2806 nalis is considered as a helpful herbal plant in the prevention of various neurological dis @entity16 that i @entity195 with oxidative stress. METHODS: We examined the effect of Melissa officinalis on hypoxia induced @entity519 l death i @entity528 euronal culture system as in vitro model and transient hippocampal isch @entity2806 l. Transient hippocampal isch @entity2806 male rats by tow vess @entity35 cclusion for 20 min. After reperfusion, the histopathological changes and the levels inflammation, oxidative stress status, and caspase-3 activi @entity4124 pocampus were measured. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity ass @entity137 significant protection of a 10  g/ml dose of Melissa against hypoxia in cultu @entity519 rons which was confirmed by a conventional staining (P<0.05). Melissa treatment decrease caspase3 activit @entity4124 5) and TUNEL-positive cells significantly (P<0.01). Melissa oil has also inhibited malon dialdehyde level @entity21935 uated decrease of Antioxidant Capacity in the hippocampus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-a, IL-1b and @entity1505 1a @entity3426 leve @entity16705 e highly increased after ischemia and tre @entity63 ith Melissa significantly suppressed HIF-1a gene expr @entity16705 (P<0.05). DISCUSSION: Results showed that Melissa officinalis could be considered as a protective agent in various neurological dis @entity16 ischemic brain i @entity2806

title: Neuroprotective properties of Melissa officinalis after XXXX both in vitro and in vivo.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity21935 :: ('CHEBI:38124', 'Chemical') :: ['dialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'hippocampal ischemia', 'brain ischemia', 'Brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['hypoxic-ischemic injury']


abstract: Mucins are complex mucosal glycoproteins that can be highly expressed by @entity420 , having diagnostic, therapeutic, and biological significance. @entity31843 encodes a cell surface membrane-anchored @entity3558 expressed in the normal gastrointestinal tract, @entity825 , and kidney as well as @entity14 . @entity31843 protein expression was determined immunohistochemically in 99 sporadic @entity14 , assessing proportion of @entity5 cells stained, stain intensity, and localization. In normal colon, intense apical membrane and variable cytoplasmic @entity31843 staining was present in both goblet and columnar cells, with strongest reactivity in the upper crypts and surface epithelium. All @entity5 showed staining of most @entity5 cells, being most conspicuous in the apical membranes of gland spaces. @entity5 had a higher overall proportion of @entity31843 -positive @entity5 cells than right-sided @entity5 (P < .05), and high staining intensity was more frequent in @entity420 (81%) than @entity5 (50%) (P < .05). Poorly differentiated and @entity5 were more likely to have high-intensity cytoplasmic staining (P < or = .025). Basolateral cell membranes were stained in 24% of cases, being more common in poorly differentiated @entity5 (55%) than well or moderately differentiated @entity5 (16%) (P < or = .001). Partial or full circumferential @entity31843 staining was frequently observed in areas of @entity5 budding. Although @entity31843 immunoreactivity was not predictive of @entity1 outcome, there was a trend toward poorer outcome in @entity1 with @entity5 showing basolateral @entity31843 . In summary, @entity31843 was expressed abundantly by all @entity14 , with the highest expression in more poorly differentiated @entity5 .

title: The @entity31843 cell surface XXXX is highly expressed by @entity1 @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mucinous tumors', 'late-stage tumors', 'Left-sided tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, and lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity3558 :: (100508689,Gene) :: ['mucin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent genome-wide association studies have identified @entity20400 ( @entity1167 ) as a susceptibility gene for @entity162 and @entity161 . The minor allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity41121 in @entity20400 was associated with @entity162 . Both diseases, @entity162 and @entity161 are linked to functional alterations of the reward system. We aimed at investigating possible effects of the @entity20400 @entity41121 risk allele on reward systems functioning in healthy adults. A large homogenous sample of 224 young (aged 18 to 31 years) @entity1 was genotyped and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). All @entity1 performed the 'Desire-Reason Dilemma' paradigm investigating the neural correlates that underlie reward processing and active reward dismissal in favor of a long-term goal. We found significant hypoactivations of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the bilateral striatum and bilateral frontal and parietal cortices in response to conditioned reward stimuli in the risk allele carriers compared to major allele carriers. In the dilemma situation, functional connectivity between prefrontal brain regions and the ventral striatum was significantly diminished in the risk allele carriers. Healthy risk allele carriers show a significant deficit of their bottom-up response to conditioned reward stimuli in the bilateral VTA and striatum. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and prefrontal areas exerting top-down control on the mesolimbic reward system was reduced in this group. Similar alterations in reward processing and disturbances of prefrontal control mechanisms on mesolimbic brain circuits have also been reported in @entity162 and @entity161 . Together, these findings suggest the existence of an intermediate phenotype associated with @entity20400 .Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 13 May 2016. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.70.

title: Investigating the Impact of a Genome-Wide Supported Bipolar Risk Variant of XXXX on the @entity1 Reward System.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic arrest deficient-like 1']

answer: @entity20400 :: (8379,Gene) :: ['MAD1L1']


abstract: Response to treatment with organic pentavalent antimonials, the standard first-line treatment for @entity234 ( @entity234 ), has been decreasing since their introduction into India. Combining @entity12879 (SB) with @entity17998 (PM) may be an efficient alternative to single-agent therapy. This trial was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of PM 12 or 18 mg/kg daily plus SB 20 mg/kg daily for 21 days compared to SB alone for 30 days. One hundred and fifty @entity1 were randomly assigned in 1996 to 1 of the 3 treatments and followed-up for 180 days. At the end of treatment, 49 of 52 @entity1 receiving PM12 + SB, 46 of 48 receiving PM18 + SB, and 27 of 49 @entity1 receiving SB alone, were cured. During follow-up there was 1 relapse in each of the treatment groups, giving final cure rates of 48 of 52 (92.3%) for PM12 + SB, 45 of 48 (93.8%) for PM18 + SB, and 26 of 49 (53.1%) for SB. PM plus SB for 21 days at either 12 or 18 mg/kg daily was significantly more effective than SB alone for 30 days (chi 2 P < 0.001). One @entity1 (SB alone) had experienced a serious adverse event: @entity1370 at day 8 ( @entity2401 and ECG changes) which caused withdrawal from the study. Only 19 of 100 @entity1 enrolled in the PM treatment arms had a complete audiogram series conducted thus making it difficult to assess oto- @entity137 . PM 12 or 18 mg/kg daily plus a standard dose of SB for 21 days was statistically more effective than SB in producing a final cure for @entity1 with @entity234 in Bihar, India.

title: A prospective randomized, comparative, open-label trial of the safety and efficacy of @entity17998 ( @entity17998 ) plus @entity12879 versus XXXX alone for the treatment of @entity234 .

entities_list: @entity12879 :: ('MESH:D000967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium stibogluconate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity17998 :: ('MESH:D010303', 'Chemical') :: ['paromomycin']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity12879 :: (MESH:D000967,Chemical) :: ['sodium stibogluconate']


abstract: The identification, expression, and assay of two @entity375 genes encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductases ( @entity9769 ) is described. @entity9769 catalyzes the reduction of @entity26206 to @entity7615 , used to methylate @entity1255 in @entity1853 synthesis. The @entity43811 gene is located on chromosome XVI and encodes a protein of 657 @entity1522 . The @entity43812 gene is located on chromosome VII and encodes a protein of 599 @entity1522 . The deduced @entity535 sequences of these two genes are 34% identical to each other and 32-37% identical to the @entity1 @entity9769 . A phenotype for the single disruption of @entity43811 was not observed, however, single disruption of @entity43812 resulted in @entity1853 auxotrophy. Double disruption of both @entity43811 and @entity43812 also resulted in @entity1853 auxotrophy. Growth of the @entity1853 auxotrophs was supported by both @entity1853 and @entity7726 . Transcripts of both @entity43811 and @entity43812 were detected in total RNA from wild type cells grown in the presence or absence of @entity1853 . The @entity1853 requirement of the @entity43811 @entity43812 double disruptant was complemented by plasmid-borne @entity43812 , but not @entity43811 even when a multicopy plasmid was used. Furthermore, overexpression of the @entity1 @entity9769 in the @entity43811 @entity43812 double disruptant complemented the @entity1853 auxotrophy of this strain. In contrast, overexpression of the @entity526 metF gene did not complement the @entity1853 requirement of @entity43811 @entity43812 cells. Assays for @entity9769 in crude extracts and expression of the @entity375 proteins in @entity526 verified that both @entity43811 and @entity43812 encode functional @entity9769 isozymes.

title: XXXX expresses two genes encoding isozymes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.

entities_list: @entity26206 :: ('MESH:C013123', 'Chemical') :: ['5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity7615 :: ('MESH:C005984', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: PURPOSE: Due to advances in resuscitation of @entity1 with @entity8425 , new challenges in reconstruction and rehabilitation have emerged. This study is a comprehensive institutional review of a prospectively gathered database of @entity1 with @entity8425 , from initial resuscitation through final impairment ratings. METHODS: A trauma registry was used to identify @entity1 with @entity8425 . Procedures needed, their timing, final impairment ratings, and return to work were recorded. RESULTS: From 2000 through 2005, we managed 115 @entity1 with @entity8425 . Mean follow-up was 352 days. The average @entity1 age was 34.9 years. Eighty-five (73.9%) of these injuries were work-related. There were 2 mortalities (1.7%). Although average burn size was only 8%, @entity1 suffered many complications acutely and chronically. Numerous surgical interventions were required during the resuscitative (within 48 hours), an early reconstructive and resurfacing (within 30 days), and a late reconstructive and rehabilitative phase. Mean final impairment rating was 11%. Average time to return to work was 101 days. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical injuries can produce significant morbidity despite relatively small burn sizes. @entity1 require early operative procedures for prevention of further injury. Timely reconstructive surgery may improve final function and return to productivity. Finally, continued reconstruction may ensure improved late outcomes. The plastic surgeon is essential to @entity1 with @entity8425 through all phases of their care.

title: The contemporary management of XXXX : resuscitation, reconstruction, rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical injuries']

answer: @entity8425 :: (MESH:D004556,Disease) :: ['electrical injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Driver Resonator is a registered electro-medical device used by a number of medical health professionals. The device was developed for the elimination and/or reduction of pathogens by means of electrical impulses to the @entity1 body. There is currently no evidence available to determine the direct effect of the frequencies of the Driver Resonator on specific pathogens. METHODOLOGY: A growth curve was constructed to determine three different growth phases of @entity5132 . Using data obtained from the growth curve, @entity5132 cells were harvested during the selected growth phases and treated with the Driver Resonator at a frequency of 385 kHz. The cells were treated for 10 minutes at time intervals of 0, 2, and 4 hours, and samples were taken after each treatment to determine the number of viable cells. To investigate the effect that nutrients might have on the cells' ability to recover after treatment, the Driver Resonator treatment was applied to cells suspended in nutrient broth as well as cells suspended in @entity1391 -buffered saline. RESULTS: The Driver Resonator had no significant effect on @entity5132 cell viability and recovery in the absence or presence of nutrients when the cells were in the mid-exponential, late-exponential, and stationary phases of growth. CONCLUSION: These results support further testing of the starting cell concentration and the effect this might have on the efficiency of Driver Resonator. It should be remembered that the @entity1 body is a complex system. The electrodes of the Driver Resonator were specifically adapted for this study by the manufacturer to test the effect of the equipment on the @entity5132 and not the @entity1 body. The laboratory results may not accurately reflect the results that might occur when the prescribed frequency is applied to the @entity1 body as the Driver Resonator is intended to do.

title: The effect of Driver Resonator frequency treatment (385 kHertz) on XXXX cell viability and recovery in the presence and absence of nutrients.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity5132 :: (5476,Species) :: ['Candida albicans']


abstract: Long-term success rate of implants inserted in @entity3202 is ensured through sufficient bone volume in edentulous sites. Reconstructive surgery is necessary before implant placement to regenerate @entity79 caused by @entity194 , dental @entity130 , extractions or periodontal disease. Success rate of implants is related to the correct position and angulation of implants in residual crest, so that height and thickness of @entity79 can allow predictable results. The most popular surgical procedures to obtain @entity79 are: bone grafts, guided bone regeneration, maxillary sinus floor elevation, and bone osteogenesis distraction. Bone graft is the gold standard technique to achieve @entity79 of edentulous crests and to obtain appropriate bone volume and morphology. Guided bone regeneration is a surgical technique that uses barrier membranes to promote osteoblast cells proliferation and exclude other cells such as epithelium and connective tissue cells. Guided bone regeneration is often combined with bone grafting procedures. @entity50 floor elevation procedures are elective treatments when there is insufficient bone height for implant insertion in maxilla. @entity50 floor elevation for implant insertion in maxilla in conjunction with autologous bone was described with long-term follow-up. Bone osteogenesis distraction is the process of bone generation between two bone segments in response to tensile stress. The aim of this short review is to analyze the different methods of increasing bone in @entity3202 : bone grafts, guided bone regeneration, maxillary sinus floor elevation, and bone osteogenesis distraction.

title: An overview on bone reconstruction of XXXX : success parameters and critical issues.

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic maxilla']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects', 'bone augmentation']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic maxilla']


abstract: AIM: To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric @entity490 ( @entity490 ) and @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). METHODS: A randomized, double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty @entity1 (8-16 years) with functional @entity29 , such as @entity490 or @entity1744 , diagnosed according to Rome III criteria. All @entity1 underwent ultrasound, blood and stool examinations to rule out any @entity347 . @entity1 were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d (n = 30) or placebo (fruit-juice n = 30) for 4 wk. The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included @entity1744 symptom severity score (Birmingham @entity1744 Questionnaire), severity of @entity490 (Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit (Bristol Stool Scale). Symptom scores were completed at 2, 4, and 8 wk. The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population. Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS: The results of the study were assessed considering some variables, such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit. Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all @entity1 completed the study. Group A (PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B (control group), (43% vs 5%, P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham @entity1744 score (median 0    1 vs 4    1, P = 0.025), in intensity of @entity490 assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale (40% vs 13.3%, P = 0.025). In @entity1744 subgroups, statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements, but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets. PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Although the cause of @entity344 is not known, the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.

title: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum in pediatric functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disorders']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'abdominal pain', 'chronic abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic disease']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: RATIONALE: From the late 1970s to the early 1990s, studies found that mortality rates for @entity3794 were increasing. Recent data for mortality from @entity3794 are unavailable. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine mortality rates for @entity3794 in the United States from 1992 through 2003. METHODS: Using data from the National Center for Health Statistics, we calculated age-adjusted mortality rates from the deaths of @entity1 with @entity3794 and stratified the data to determine differences in mortality rates by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and geography of the decedent. We developed a multivariable model to predict future mortality rates, and we determined the underlying cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity3794 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From 1992 to 2003, there were 28,176,224 deaths in the United States and 175,088 decedents with @entity3794 . The average age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate was 50.8 per 1,000,000 @entity1 . The age-adjusted mortality rate increased 28.4% in @entity1 (from 40.2 deaths per 1,000,000 in 1992 to 61.9 deaths per 1,000,000 in 2003) and 41.3% in @entity1 (from 39.0 deaths per 1,000,000 in 1992 to 55.1 deaths per 1,000,000 in 2003). While increases were significant in both @entity1 and @entity1 (p < 0.0001), the rate of increase was higher in @entity1 (p < 0.0001). The most common cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity3794 was the disease itself. CONCLUSIONS: From 1992 to 2003, mortality rates for @entity3794 significantly increased. Further investigation is needed to determine the etiology of these trends, which are predicted to continue to increase.

title: Mortality from XXXX increased in the United States from 1992 to 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether inactive cases of presumed @entity3219 (POHS) and @entity5278 with @entity5863 (MFC) can be differentiated from each other by their appearance on fundus photography and @entity941 angiography. METHODS: Two masked observers classified 50 @entity1 ' photographs (27 with @entity941 angiograms) as POHS, MFC, or "indeterminate." Twenty-five @entity1 had known POHS and 25 had known MFC. Statistical analysis was performed to assess agreement and interrater reliability. RESULTS: Observer A classified 33 @entity1 and was indeterminate on 17. Of the 33, he was correct on 26 (79% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.560; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.286-0.834). Observer B classified 40 @entity1 and was indeterminate on 10. Of the 40, he was correct on 33 (82% crude accuracy; kappa = 0.650; 95% CI, 0.422-0.878). Both observers ventured a diagnosis on 28 common @entity1 . Of these, they selected the same diagnosis on 26 (93% crude agreement). When the 2 observers' diagnoses were compared and indeterminate @entity1 were factored in, the kappa value was 0.408 (95% CI, 0.215-0.601). When the indeterminate @entity1 are excluded, the kappa agreement increased to 0.825 (95% CI, 0.592-1). When pictures only were available, observer A and observer B kappa values against the gold standard were 0.625 (95% CI, 0.270-0.980) and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.235-0.940), respectively. The pictures-only kappa values for observer A vs observer B were 0.582 (95% CI, 0.316-0.848) with indeterminate @entity1 factored in and 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0-1.0) when indeterminate @entity1 were excluded. Pictures and @entity941 angiogram kappa values were 0.493 (95% CI, 0.076-0.909) for observer A and 0.706 (95% CI, 0.413-0.999) for observer B against the gold standard. For observer A vs observer B, the kappa value was 0.261 (95% CI, -0.002 to 0.524) with indeterminate @entity1 factored in and 0.567 (95% CI, 0.032-1) excluding indeterminate @entity1 . Sensitivity for all cases for observer A was 60% (+/-13%) for POHS and 94% (+/-6%) for MFC. For observer B, the sensitivity for all cases was 70% (+/-10%) for POHS and 95% (+/-5%) for MFC. CONCLUSIONS: Given adequate funduscopic information, the experienced observer can often accurately distinguish between POHS and MFC without the need for ancillary testing. Angiography in addition to fundus photography does not appear to increase diagnostic ability. There appears to be a higher sensitivity for MFC than for POHS.

title: Differentiation between presumed @entity3219 and @entity5278 with XXXX based on morphology of photographed fundus lesions and @entity941 angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity5278 :: ('MESH:C537374', 'Disease') :: ['multifocal choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['ocular histoplasmosis syndrome']

answer: @entity5863 :: (MESH:D015864,Disease) :: ['panuveitis']


abstract: @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) is a primary group of enzymes mediating signal transduction for a wide variety of functions in many different cell types. Its activation has been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. In @entity565 , inflammatory cells, such as @entity133 ( @entity133 ) and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), are primed and activated compared with those obtained from control subjects. In particular, they release higher amounts of reactive @entity26 species. @entity7131 has been known to play an important role in the respiratory burst of @entity1 leukocytes. In this study, the @entity7131 activity was measured in blood neutrophils and @entity133 from control (n = 16) and @entity748 subjects (n = 28). In PMN, the total @entity7131 activity was significantly lower in PMN from stable (182.00 +/- 27.20) and unstable (108.40 +/- 14.15) @entity748 @entity1 , compared with control subjects (257.35 +/- 29.70 pmol/10(7) cells/min with p < 0.05 and p < 0.0005, respectively). In @entity133 , @entity7131 activity was 479.50 +/- 71.80 for controls and 254.00 +/- 25.90 pmol/10(7) cells/min for @entity748 @entity1 . Moreover the percentage of membrane @entity7131 was significantly higher in stable @entity748 @entity1 in both cell types. After stimulation of neutrophils with @entity4515 , a significant @entity10855 was observed in both control and @entity748 subjects. We have found an abnormal regulation of @entity7131 activity in both blood PMNs and @entity133 in @entity748 @entity1 . These findings are consistent with the functional hyperreactivity of inflammatory cells observed in @entity565 .

title: Cellular protein kinase C activity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['AM', 'alveolar macrophages']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['PKC', 'Protein kinase C']

entities_list: @entity10855 :: ('MESH:D020016', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in total PKC activity']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Validated tools for evaluating quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 with bone metastases include the EORTC QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C15-PAL modules. A statistically significant difference in metric scores may not be clinically significant. To aid in their interpretation, we performed analyses to determine the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) for these QOL instruments. METHODS: Both anchor-based and distribution-based methods were used to determine the @entity922 among @entity1 with bone metastases enrolled in a randomized phase III trial. For the anchor-based approach, overall QOL as measured by the QLQ-C15-PAL module was used as the anchor and only the subscales with moderate or better correlation were used for subsequent @entity922 analysis. In the anchor-based approach, @entity1 were classified as improved, stable or deteriorated by the change in the overall QOL score from baseline to follow-up after 42  days. The @entity922 and confidence interval was then calculated for all subscales. In the distribution-based approach, the @entity922 was expressed as a proportion of the standard deviation and standard error measurement from the subscale score distribution. RESULTS: A total of 204 @entity1 completed the questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Only the @entity1353 and @entity22 subscales did not have at least moderate correlation with the overall QOL anchor. Using the anchor-based approach, 10/11 subscales had an @entity922 score significantly different than 0 for improvement and 3/11 subscales had a significant @entity922 score for deterioration. The magnitude of @entity922 scores was higher for improvement in comparison with deterioration. For improvement, the anchor-based approach showed good agreement with the distribution-based approach when using 0.5  SD as the @entity922 . However, there was greater lack of agreement between these approaches for deterioration. CONCLUSION: We present the @entity922 scores for the EORTC QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C15-PAL QOL instruments. The results of this study can guide clinicians in the interpretation of these instruments. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: NCT01248585.

title: Minimal clinically important differences in the EORTC QLQ-BM22 and EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL modules in XXXX with bone metastases undergoing palliative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['MCID', 'minimal clinically important differences']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Epithelial inclusion cysts (EICs) are considered a preferential site for @entity43 . Local @entity32 , associated to ovulatory wound repair and epithelial inflammatory conditions, facilitates EIC formation and involves activation of macrophages. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence and numbers of macrophages in the @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ), in EICs, and in the fallopian tubes, as @entity4648 is a common finding in EICs. Immunohistochemical analysis of macrophages was performed in 25 fallopian tubes in different phases of the menstrual cycle, and in 30 ovaries showing EICs from cycling and postmenopausal @entity1 . In the fallopian tube, macrophages were abundant and underwent cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle, being particularly abundant within the epithelium at early and mid-luteal phases. Macrophages were not found in the normal @entity2670 . However, @entity2670 areas and @entity4648 were invariably associated with infiltration by abundant macrophages. Macrophages were present among epithelial cells, infiltrating the cyst wall, as well as free in the cyst lumen. No significant differences existed between follicular and luteal phases of the cycle, or between cycling and postmenopausal @entity1 . This study has demonstrated that macrophages are associated with metaplastic EICs, and raises the possibility that these cells contribute to the particular microenvironment of EICs through secretion of cytokines and growth factors that may reach bioactive concentrations in the confined space of the EICs.

title: Macrophages in XXXX fallopian tube and ovarian epithelial inclusion cysts.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['tubal metaplasia', 'EICs showing tubal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['OSE', 'ovarian surface epithelium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Cross-sectional study. Background Symptoms of @entity308 , @entity4697 ( @entity4697 ) and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) have been associated with @entity85 and could represent barriers to recovery in injured workers. Objectives To determine the prevalence of symptoms of @entity308 , @entity4697 and @entity1005 utilizing the @entity1 Health Questionnaire (PHQ) for a cohort of @entity1 presenting to an @entity2045 injured-worker clinic; secondarily, to identify any relationships between @entity1 screening positive and @entity1 -reported outcome measures (PROM). Methods In 2010, 418 @entity1 completed the PHQ during their initial evaluation. @entity1 with PHQ scores exceeding threshold values for symptoms of @entity308 , @entity4697 or @entity1005 , were compared based on PROM scores including DASH and SF-36. The prevalence of symptoms, and their relationship with presenting complaints and @entity1 -reported outcomes were calculated. Results 31.0% of @entity1 scored above thresholds for symptoms of at least one @entity146 . Of those who screened positive, 67% screened positive for @entity308 , 44% for @entity1005 and 50% for @entity4697 , with 43% of @entity1 positive for multiple symptoms. Comparing between presenting complaints, @entity1 experiencing @entity4048 had a significantly higher screening rates of @entity308 (62.5 vs. 20.1%, p=0.004) and @entity4697 (37.5 vs. 12.9%, p=0.044) compared with other presenting complaints. Similarly, @entity1 with @entity1118 had higher rates of @entity308 (54.5 vs. 20.1%, p=0.006), @entity4697 (63.6 vs. 12%, p<0.001) and @entity1005 (36.4 vs. 14.8%, p=0.05) compared with other presenting complaints. @entity1 endorsing @entity308 had significantly lower SF-36 mental component scores (26.3  10.7 vs. 37.6  9.9, p<0.001), and higher QuickDASH (72.3  16.7 vs. 61.5  11.1, p=0.003) and DASH work scores (86.5  19.2 vs. 82.1  20.1, p=0.007) compared to @entity1 endorsing other items on the PHQ, but not @entity308 . Conclusions In this cross-sectional study of injured workers, we identified a relatively high prevalence of symptoms of @entity74 utilizing the PHQ, with one third of injured workers screening positive for symptoms of @entity308 , @entity4697 or @entity1005 . Further longitudinal follow-up is necessary to determine the impact on treatment outcomes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 12 May 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6265.

title: Prevalence of Symptoms of @entity308 , Anxiety and @entity1005 in Workers With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorder']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['upper extremity']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['psychological disorders']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['Upper Extremity Complaints']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of application of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with artificial hydrothorax for @entity96 in the hepatic dome. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with 43 lesions of hepatic @entity5 in the hepatic dome underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with artificial hydrothorax. Artificial hydrothorax was created by infusion of saline via an intrathoracically placed 14-G central venous catheter, which was ultrasound-guided percutaneously inserted before RFA, separating the right lung from the hepatic dome. The adverse reaction and therapeutic efficacy were also analyzed. RESULTS: In the 32 @entity1 with 43 lesions in the hepatic dome (4 @entity5 in segment IV 21 @entity5 in segment VII and 18 @entity5 in segment @entity797 ), 18 lesions of 14 @entity1 were not observed by ultrasound before the operation. Thirty-two @entity1 received the ultrasound-guided placement of intrathoracical catheter, and (1606.3    485.9) ml (1000 - 2500 ml) saline solution was infused successfully. After obtaining an image of the whole @entity5 , 31 @entity1 received percutaneous RFA therapy on schedule, and 22 @entity1 received percutaneous transdiaphragmatic RFA therapy. One @entity1 with 2 lesions gave up the treatment, because one of his @entity5 was not detectable by ultrasound. @entity548 was seen in two @entity1 , subcutaneous @entity4 in two @entity1 , and pneumothorax in one @entity1 . All the complications were cured, and no serious complications or related @entity204 occurred. 1-month follow-up with contrast-enhanced CT/MRI images showed that 29 @entity1 had complete ablation, and the effective rate of this technique was 93.5% (29/31). CONCLUSIONS: Artificial hydrothorax helps us not only to visualize the whole @entity5 in the hepatic dome, but also offers a transdiaphragmatic route for therapy. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA with artificial hydrothorax is a feasible, safe, and effective technique for treating @entity96 in the hepatic dome and worthy of being promoted.

title: [Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation with artificial hydrothorax for XXXX in the hepatic dome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Diaphragmatic muscle hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and impact of limb @entity1742 on manual dexterity and activities of daily living (ADLs) in @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ). DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : Consecutive @entity1 (N=76) with @entity922 , @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ), secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS) or primary progressive @entity15 (PPMS), Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score from 0 to 6.5, and aged from 18 to 70 years were included. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1742 was assessed by the @entity1742 screen of TULIA (AST). The relationship of @entity1742 with ADLs and manual dexterity was evaluated using a dexterity questionnaire and the coin rotation task, respectively. RESULTS: Overall, limb @entity1742 was found in 26.3% of @entity1 (mean AST score    SD, 7.3  1.3; cutoff <9). @entity1742 was significantly correlated with higher EDSS scores, longer disease duration, and higher age with the EDSS being predictive. Furthermore, @entity1 with SPMS and PPMS were more apraxic than @entity1 with @entity3780 . Finally, limb @entity1742 was significantly associated with impaired ADLs and manual dexterity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4218 is a frequent and clinically significant symptom contributing to disability in @entity15 . It should therefore be evaluated and possibly treated, particularly in @entity1 with @entity15 reporting manual difficulties in everyday life.

title: XXXX in @entity15 : prevalence and impact on manual dexterity and activities of daily living.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['Limb apraxia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['Apraxia', 'apraxia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome']

answer: @entity4218 :: (MESH:D017880,Disease) :: ['Limb apraxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Poorly differentiated @entity189 may be difficult to distinguish histologically from high-grade astrocytic @entity5 , particularly on small open or stereotactic biopsy specimens. Previous authors have reported that a subset of @entity463 ( @entity463 ) variably stains with cytokeratin immunomarkers. The authors examined a panel of epithelial and keratin antibodies by paraffin immunohistochemistry to evaluate the immunophenotype of @entity463 for these markers and to determine what combination of immunostains would be optimal in distinguishing @entity463 from @entity189 . METHODS: Twenty-three @entity1 with @entity463 (age range, 19-86 years; mean, 63.4 years; 14 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ) and 22 @entity1 with @entity189 (age range, 26-77 years; mean, 58.1 years; 7 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 ) to the brain were studied with a panel of immunostains, including @entity538 ( @entity538 ), Ber- @entity2912 , antikeratin monoclonal antibodies @entity2278 , and antibodies to CAM 5.2 and cytokeratins 7 (CK7) and 20 ( @entity2225 ). Sites of origin for the @entity3 included lung (n = 11), breast (n = 5), endometrium (n = 1), prostate (n = 1), colon (n = 1), presumed kidney (n = 1), and unknown (n = 2). RESULTS: All GBMs stained positive for @entity538 (100%), and all but 1 (95.7%) stained positive for cytokeratins @entity2278 . Only rare focal immunoreactivity was observed in a single case of @entity463 with CAM 5.2 (4.3%), CK7 (4.3%), and @entity2225 (4.3%). Immunoreactivity with Ber- @entity2912 was not observed in any of the GBMs (0.0%). All cases of @entity189 stained positive with cytokeratins @entity2278 (100%) and CAM 5.2 (100%). Variable staining was observed in @entity189 with CK7 (17 of 22, 77.3%), Ber- @entity2912 (11 of 22, 50.0%), and @entity2225 (9 of 22, 40.9%). Three metastatic @entity189 showed rare @entity538 -positive staining cells (13.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the aforementioned results, a combination of immunostains, including @entity538 and cytokeratin CAM5.2, may be the most useful in differentiating poorly differentiated @entity189 from @entity463 . A significant number of GBMs stain with some cytokeratin markers, in particular cytokeratins @entity2278 . Because of the poor specificity of cytokeratins @entity2278 in distinguishing @entity189 from @entity463 , it should not be used to differentiate the 2 entities.

title: Evaluation of epithelial and keratin markers in XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acid protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumors']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity135 ( @entity135 ) is predominantly a locoregional disease. @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) biopsy offers a minimally invasive means of accurately staging the neck. Value in healthcare is determined by both outcomes and the costs associated with achieving them. Time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) may offer more precise estimates of the true cost. Process maps were developed for nuclear medicine, operating room and pathology care phases. TDABC estimates the costs by combining information about the process with the unit cost of each resource used. Resource utilization is  based  on observation of care and staff interviews. Unit costs are calculated as a capacity cost rate, measured as a @entity7634 /min (2014), for each resource consumed. Multiplying together the unit costs and resource quantities and summing across all resources used will produce the average cost for each phase of care. Three time equations with six different scenarios were modeled based on the type of camera, the number of @entity1600 and the type of staining used. Total times for different @entity1600 scenarios vary between 284 and 307  min, respectively, with a total cost between 2794 and 3541   . The unit costs vary between 788   /h for the intraoperative evaluation with a gamma-probe and 889   /h for a preoperative imaging with a SPECT/CT. The unit costs for the lymphadenectomy and the pathological examination are, respectively, 560 and 713   /h. A 10  % increase of time per individual activity generates only 1  % change in the total cost. TDABC evaluates the cost of @entity1600 in @entity135 . The total costs across all phases which varied between 2761 and 3744    per standard case.

title: Comprehensive cost analysis of sentinel node biopsy in solid head and XXXX using a time-driven activity-based costing approach.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HNC', 'Head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiographic bone levels adjacent to implants placed in fresh extraction sockets (ESs) and immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch provisional restoration compared to bone levels adjacent to implants placed in native bone (NB) under the same restorative conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with a hopeless maxillary and/or mandibular dentition had their remaining teeth extracted and 6 to 8 implants placed and restored within 72 hours. Radiographs were obtained at time 0, 3 to 6 months, and annually for 5 years. The radiographs were digitized, and the bone level changes were measured using a computer-assisted method. RESULTS: A total of 139 implants, 42 @entity2828 and 97 NB, placed in 17 @entity1 were evaluated. The overall results indicated that for all implants ( @entity2828 + NB), 0.60+/-0.71 mm of bone was lost after 6 months; 1.17 +/-0.59 mm of bone was lost after 18 months; 0.87+/-0.76 mm bone was lost after 36 months; and 1.35 +/-0.42 mm of bone was lost after 60 months. When stratifying for NB versus @entity2828 implants, it was found that for NB implants, 0.75+/- 0.21 mm of bone was lost after 6 months; 1.31 +/- 0.91 mm of bone was lost after 12 months; 1.07+/-0.21 mm of bone was lost after 36 months; and 1.45 +/- 0.49 mm of bone was lost after 54 months. For @entity2828 implants, 0.14 +/-0.33 mm of bone was lost after 6 months; 1.02 +/-0.27 mm of bone was lost after 12 months; 0.86+/-0.42 mm of bone was lost after 36 months; and 1.30 +/-0.48 mm of bone was lost after 54 months. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity2828 and NB implants can be immediately loaded with a fixed full-arch prosthesis and remain stable for greater than 5 years. The @entity604 adjacent to these implants is similar to that seen surrounding those placed and restored using traditional protocols.

title: The radiographic XXXX pattern adjacent to immediately placed, immediately loaded implants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity604 :: (MESH:D016301,Disease) :: ['bone loss']


abstract: @entity1646 ( @entity1646 ) are a group of @entity2315 caused by mutations in lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). @entity1 with @entity1646 grow poorly and become physically disabled due to @entity79 . While many of the major skeletal effects in @entity19 models for @entity1646 have been described, no detailed analysis that compares GAGs levels and characteristics of bone by micro-CT has been done. The aims of this study were to assess severity of @entity18299 among four @entity1646 @entity19 models ( @entity1646 , IIIA, @entity3480 and VII), to determine the relationship between severity of @entity18299 and serum @entity31846 (KS) and heparan @entity597 (HS) levels in those models, and to explore the mechanism of KS elevation in @entity1646 , IIIA, and VII @entity19 models. Clinically, @entity1646 VII @entity19 had the most severe bone pathology; however, @entity1646 and @entity3480 @entity19 also showed skeletal pathology. @entity1646 and VII @entity19 showed severe @entity18299 , higher bone mineral density, narrowed spinal canal, and shorter sclerotic bones by micro-CT and radiographs. Serum KS and HS levels were elevated in @entity1646 , IIIA, and VII @entity19 . Severity of @entity1141 displayed by micro-CT, radiographs and histopathology correlated with the level of KS elevation. We showed that elevated HS levels in @entity1646 @entity19 models could inhibit @entity38858 sulfatase enzyme. These studies suggest that KS could be released from chondrocytes affected by accumulation of other GAGs and that KS could be useful as a biomarker for severity of @entity18299 in @entity74 .

title: Assessment of @entity18299 by micro-CT and glycosaminoglycan levels in XXXX models for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, IIIA, @entity3480 , and VII.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity18299 :: ('MESH:D001848', 'Disease') :: ['bone dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['systemic bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1646 :: ('MESH:D009083', 'Disease') :: ['Mucopolysaccharidoses', 'MPS I', 'MPS']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['MPS disorders']

entities_list: @entity31846 :: ('MESH:D007632', 'Chemical') :: ['keratan sulfate']

entities_list: @entity38858 :: ('MESH:C046736', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The treatment results of @entity1 with @entity320 are still not satisfactory - up to 50% of @entity1 experience recurrence and (or) disease dissemination. The aim of the study was to assess the prognostic value of clinical factors and serum cytokines of @entity1 with @entity320 in locoregional stage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 149 @entity1 at stage I-III according AJCC treated between 2007-2010 were included. Pre-surgery serum levels of @entity7 @entity687 and sTNF-R1 were analyzed by ELISA method in 74 @entity320 @entity1 and 50 healthy controls. The median follow-up time was 16 months (range: 1-81 months). RESULTS: The most important factors influencing the disease-free survival (DFS) are: staging system according to AJCC) (p < 0.001), regional nodal stage (pN) (p < 0.001), @entity5 (Breslow) thickness (pT) (p = 0.013) and @entity320 ulceration (p = 0.004). The serum levels of selected cytokines were significantly higher in @entity320 @entity1 than in healthy volunteers ( @entity7 , p < 0.001; sTNF-R1, p < 0.001; @entity687 , p = 0.001). There were no significant relationships between level of cytokine, recurrence or clinical/pathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The AJCC staging system gives the most accurate insight into prognosis of @entity320 @entity1 at locoregional stage after primary therapy. Cytokine serum profile in @entity320 @entity1 at locoregional stage has limited value for predicting @entity5 burden and treatment outcomes.

title: [The prognostic role of clinical factors, XXXX , @entity687 and sTNF-R1 in cutaneous @entity320 at locoregional stage].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['locoregional melanoma', 'melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postpartum @entity308 is a significant public health problem affecting approximately 13% of @entity1 . There is strong evidence supporting Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for successful psychosocial treatment. This treatment model combines cognitive and behavioral strategies to address pessimism, attributions for failure, low self-esteem, low engagement in pleasant activities, social withdrawal, @entity148 , and low social support. Encouraging results have been reported for using Web-based CBT interventions for mental health domains, including the treatment of @entity4697 , @entity1005 , and complicated grief and @entity308 . To date, however, Web-based interventions have not been used and evaluated specifically for the treatment of postpartum @entity308 . OBJECTIVE: We describe the formative work that contributed to the development of our Web-based intervention for helping to ameliorate symptoms of postpartum @entity308 , and the design and key components of the program. METHODS: A total of 17 focus group @entity1 and 22 usability testers, who shared key characteristics with the @entity1 of our planned feasibility study, took part. The proposed structure and ingredients of the program and mock-ups of selected webpages were presented to focus group @entity1 . At various points, @entity1 were asked a series of thought questions designed to elicit opinions and set the occasion for group discussion. At the end of the session, @entity1 were asked to describe their overall reaction to the proposed features of the program emphasizing candid opinions about what they did not like and features they thought were missing and should be added. Usability testers were asked to interact with a series of seven different Web-based interactions planned for the program while receiving minimal direction. Each tester was asked to describe her thoughts using a think-aloud technique. They were then asked to consider all that they had learned about the program and complete the System Usability Scale that we adapted slightly to be appropriate for evaluating the proposed website. Transcripts from the focus groups and usability tests were reviewed by research team members for overarching themes with particular emphasis on suggested changes. A list emerged, and iterative and incremental adjustments were made as a result. RESULTS: The qualitative and quantitative data gathered in the focus groups and usability sessions reported here suggest that the new mothers involved had largely positive reactions to the major features of the program and that those program features performed well in terms of usability. CONCLUSIONS: An overview of the eventual design, architecture, and key program ingredients of the MomMoodBooster program is provided including innovative features supplementing 6 core CBT sessions, which include a partner's website, a library, and individual feedback by a personal coach.

title: Web-Based Intervention for Postpartum XXXX : Formative Research and Design of the MomMoodBooster Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity519 plays an important role during the evolution of @entity5 cells and their microenvironment. Emerging evidence suggests communication between @entity5 cells and their microenvironment occurs via exosomes. This study aimed to clarify whether @entity519 affects angiogenic function through exosomes secreted from @entity1778 cells. We used the @entity1 @entity1778 cell line K562 for exosome-generating cells and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) for exosome target cells. Exosomes derived from K562 cells cultured under normoxic (20%) or @entity519 (1%) conditions for 24 h were isolated and quantitated by nanoparticle tracking analysis. These exosomes were then cocultured with HUVECs to evaluate angiogenic activity. The exosomes secreted from K562 cells in @entity519 conditions significantly enhanced @entity5274 formation by HUVECs compared with exosomes produced in normoxic conditions. Using a TaqMan low-density miRNA array, we found a subset of miRNAs, including @entity10018 , were significantly increased in exosomes secreted from @entity519 K562 cells. We demonstrated that @entity5 cells and their exosomes have altered miRNA profiles under @entity519 conditions. Although exosomes contain various molecular constituents such as proteins and mRNAs, altered exosomal compartments under @entity519 conditions, including @entity10018 , affected the behavior of endothelial cells. Our results suggest that exosomal miRNA derived from @entity5 cells under @entity519 conditions may partly affect angiogenic activity in endothelial cells.

title: Exosomes derived from @entity1778 cells enhance XXXX formation in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['tube']


abstract: Adrenoceptor mechanisms in the extrinsic uterine arteries from late pregnant @entity840 were characterized pharmacologically and compared with contractile responses of uterine arteries from non-pregnant and oophorectomized control, @entity1420 and @entity2931 treated animals. Pregnancy caused an increase in diameter of the arteries, more pronounced the more distal they were. There was no change in @entity972 -evoked maximum contractions during pregnancy. @entity1063 (10 nM to 1 mM), in the presence of @entity2072 (1 microM) and @entity1169 (0.1 microM), induced concentration-dependent contractions of the arterial segments, with approximately similar pD2 values. The maximum responses (Emax) were significantly increased during pregnancy and hormone supplementation. @entity3159 (10 nM to 1 microM), but not @entity3160 (10 nM to 1 microM), antagonized @entity1063 -evoked contractions of the arteries. @entity3044 (10 nM to 1 microM), in the presence of @entity3159 (0.1 microM) and @entity2072 (1 microM), had no relaxant effect on arteries contracted submaximally by @entity22667 (5 microM). Neither @entity2072 nor @entity6531 modified @entity1063 -evoked contractions of the uterine artery. The results indicate that @entity840 uterine vasoconstriction is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors while relaxant beta-adrenoceptor effects, neuronal and extraneuronal uptake mechanisms are of minor importance. The observed increase in Emax may be due either to an increase in the number of alpha 1-adrenoceptors or to an enhanced pharmaco-mechanical coupling, which conceivably is regulated by sex @entity230 since this response was reproduced in castrated animals by hormone supplementation.

title: Effect of pregnancy and sex XXXX on alpha 1-adrenoceptor mechanisms in the @entity840 uterine vascular bed.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity6531 :: ('MESH:D009647', 'Chemical') :: ['normetanephrine']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoprenaline']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin', 'prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline', 'noradrenaline']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have presented virus sequences which suggest the existence of a variety of putative new phleboviruses transmitted by sandflies in the Old World. However, in most of these studies, only partial sequences in the polymerase or the nucleoprotein genes were characterised. Therefore to further our understand of the presence and potential medical importance of sandfly-borne phleboviruses that circulate in southern Anatolia, we initiated field campaigns in 2012 and 2013 designed to identify, isolate and characterise phleboviruses in sandflies in this region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: An entomological investigation encompassing 8 villages in Adana, Mediterranean @entity233 was performed in August and September 2012 and 2013. A total of 11,302 sandflies were collected and grouped into 797 pools which were tested for the presence of phleboviruses using specific primers for RT-PCR analysis and also cell culture methods for virus isolation. Seven pools were PCR positive, and viruses were isolated from three pools of sandflies, resulting in the identification of two new viruses that we named @entity778 . Phylogenetic analysis based on full-length genomic sequence showed that Zerdali virus was most closely related with @entity778 (and belongs to the Sandfly fever Naples species), whereas Toros virus was closest to Corfou virus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results indicate that a variety of phleboviruses are co-circulating in this region of southern Anatolia. Based on our studies, these new viruses clearly belong to genetic groups that include several @entity1 pathogens. However, whether or not Toros and Zerdali viruses can infect @entity1 and cause diseases such as @entity18016 remains to be investigated.

title: Sandfly-Borne Phlebovirus Isolations from XXXX : New Insight into the Sandfly fever @entity18016 Naples Species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['Tehran virus', 'Zerdali virus and Toros virus']

entities_list: @entity18016 :: ('MESH:D010217', 'Disease') :: ['sandfly fever']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Although bevacizumab represented an important advance in treatment of recurrent high-grade @entity11 (HGG), responses occur in fewer than half of @entity1 . There are no validated biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy that are available for routine clinical use. We assessed the prognostic values of imaging and molecular markers in this @entity1 population. MRI scans from 191 @entity1 with recurrent HGG obtained prior to initiating bevacizumab were reviewed for areas of enhancement, @entity39 , T2/FLAIR abnormality, and ADC values. Serial MRI scans following the initiation of bevacizumab were evaluated for response and progression. Non-radiographic markers including @entity470 and @entity8724 status were also assessed with respect to response and @entity1 survival. 65 of 191 @entity1 (34 %) showed complete or partial response at the time of their best response MRI and demonstrated longer progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) compared to the group without response (PFS: 6.9 vs 3.5 months, @entity1349 : 10.9 vs 6.1 months). Minimum ADC values within enhancing and non-enhancing regions were lower in responders compared to those of non-responders (1,099 vs 984   10(-6) mm(2)/s, p = 0.006). Smaller enhancing area was associated with longer @entity1349 (HR = 1.99, p = 0.017). The ratio of T2/FLAIR to enhancing area was prognostic of @entity1349 for only the Grade III HGG subgroup (HR = 0.14, p = 0.004). Area of enhancing @entity5 at baseline can stratify survival in @entity1 with recurrent HGG treated with bevacizumab. The extent of @entity4 relative to enhancing area may have a prognostic role specific to Grade III HGG.

title: Recurrent high-grade @entity11 treated with bevacizumab: prognostic value of XXXX methylation, @entity470 status and pretreatment MRI in determining response and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity8724 :: (4255,Gene) :: ['MGMT']