abstract: BACKGROUND: Major features of @entity56 include @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ), @entity32 , and goblet cell metaplasia. Rho kinase (ROCK) is a @entity563 / @entity1889 protein kinase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton. By doing so, it can modulate airway smooth muscle cell contraction and leucocyte migration and proliferation. This study was designed to determine the contributions of the two ROCK isoforms, @entity8235 and @entity22636 , to @entity1224 , @entity32 and goblet cell metaplasia in a mast cell-dependent model of @entity56 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Repeated intranasal challenges with OVA caused @entity1224 , @entity32 , and @entity1373 in @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . OVA-induced @entity1224 was partially or completely abrogated in @entity19 haploinsufficient for @entity22636 ( @entity22636 (+/-) ) or @entity8235 ( @entity8235 (+/-) ), respectively. In contrast, there was no effect of ROCK insufficiency on @entity56 airways @entity32 , although both @entity8235 and @entity22636 insufficiency attenuated mast cell degranulation. Goblet cell hyperplasia, as indicated by PAS staining, was not different in @entity8235 (+/-) vs. @entity164 @entity19 . However, in @entity22636 (+/-) @entity19 , @entity1373 was reduced in medium but not large airways. Maximal @entity934 -induced force generation was reduced in tracheal rings from @entity8235 (+/-) and @entity22636 (+/-) vs. @entity164 @entity19 . The ROCK inhibitor, @entity8232 , also reduced airway responsiveness in OVA-challenged @entity19 , without affecting inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION: In a mast cell model of @entity56 , @entity8235 and @entity22636 both contribute to @entity1224 , likely through direct effects on smooth muscle cell and effects on mast cell degranulation. In addition, @entity22636 but not @entity8235 plays a role in allergen-induced @entity1373 .

title: Abrogation of XXXX but not @entity32 by rho kinase insufficiency.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['goblet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic airways disease', 'allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'airway hyperresponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway hyperresponsiveness']


abstract: Younger @entity1 with @entity712 often experience poor self-rated health. Furthermore, poor self-rated health is associated with long-term sick leave and disability pension. Socio-demographic factors affect the ability to return to work. However, little is known about @entity1 on sick leave due to @entity712 . The aim of this study was to investigate associations between self-rated health, mood, socio-demographic factors, sick leave compensation, encounters with healthcare professionals and social insurance officers and self-estimated ability to return to work, for @entity1 on sick leave due to @entity712 . This population-based investigation had a cross-sectional design. Data were collected in Sweden in 2012 from two official registries and from a postal questionnaire. In total, 590 subjects, aged 23-67, responded (response rate 45.8%). Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses (Spearman bivariate analysis) and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations. Poor self-rated health was strongly associated with full sick leave compensation (OR = 4.1, p <   .001). Compared self-rated health was moderately associated with low income (OR =    .6, p =    .003). Good self-rated health was strongly associated with positive encounters with healthcare professionals (OR = 3.0, p =    .022) and to the impact of positive encounters with healthcare professionals on self-estimated ability to return to work (OR = 3.3, p <   .001). @entity1 with @entity712 are sicklisted for long periods of time and to a great extent receive disability pension. Not being able to work imposes reduced quality of life. Positive encounters with healthcare professionals and social insurance officers can be supportive when @entity1 with @entity712 struggle to remain in working life.

title: Being on sick leave due to XXXX : self-rated health, encounters with healthcare professionals and social insurance officers and self-estimated ability to return to work.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity2280 -selected haploidentical and unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) in paediatric recipients is associated with sustained engraftment and low risk of @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), but limited by delayed immune reconstitution and increased risk of @entity364 . The optimal dose of donor T cells to prevent graft failure and minimize risk of early @entity1292 and @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ), while avoiding severe @entity2132 , remains unknown. We prospectively studied @entity2280 -selected 8-10/10 human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-matched unrelated donor (MUD) peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) in a cohort of 19 paediatric AlloSCT recipients with malignant (n  =  13) or non-malignant (n  =  6) diseases. T cells were added back to achieve total dose 1  0-2  5     10(5)   CD3(+) /kg. GVHD pharmacoprophylaxis consisted only of @entity1140 . All @entity1 engrafted neutrophils. Probabilities of grade II-IV @entity2132 , limited chronic GVHD (cGVHD), and extensive cGVHD were 15  8%, 23  3%, and 0%, respectively. One @entity1 developed @entity1071 . One-year infection-related mortality was 5  6%. T cell immune reconstitution was delayed. One-year overall survival was 82  3%. Five @entity1 with @entity5 ultimately died from progressive disease. @entity2280 -selected MUD PBSCT using a defined dose of T cell add-back resulted in high rates of engraftment and low risk of grade II-IV @entity2132 , early transplantation-related mortality, and extensive cGVHD.

title: T cell depletion utilizing XXXX (+) stem cell selection and CD3(+) addback from unrelated adult donors in paediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder', 'PTLD']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['viral and fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease', 'aGVHD']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

answer: @entity2280 :: (947,Gene) :: ['CD34']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assays identifying circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) allow noninvasive and sequential monitoring of the status of primary or metastatic @entity5 , potentially yielding clinically useful information. However, to the authors' knowledge, the effect of @entity1161 ( @entity138 ) on CTCs in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) has not been previously explored. METHODS: This report describes results from a pilot study of 30 @entity1 with @entity1149 who received @entity138 . Peripheral blood samples obtained from these @entity1 were assayed for CTCs using an assay that identified live cells using an adenoviral probe that detected the elevated telomerase activity present in almost all @entity5 cells, but not in normal cells, and the validity of the assay was confirmed with secondary @entity5 -specific markers. @entity1 were assayed before initiation of @entity138 (pre- @entity138 ), during the @entity138 course, and/or after the completion of @entity138 ( @entity138 ). RESULTS: The assay successfully detected CTCs in the majority of @entity1 , including 65% of @entity1 before the start of @entity138 , and in @entity1 with both @entity470 wild-type and mutation-positive @entity5 . The median CTC counts in @entity1 before @entity138 was 9.1 CTCs per mL (range, undetectable to 571 CTCs per mL) and was significantly higher than the average @entity138 count of 0.6 CTCs per mL (range, undetectable to 1.8 CTCs per mL; P<.001). Sequential CTC counts were available in a subset of @entity1 and demonstrated decreases after @entity138 , except for 1 @entity1 who subsequently developed distant failure. CONCLUSIONS: The current pilot data suggest that CTC counts appear to reflect response to @entity138 in @entity1 with localized @entity1149 . On the basis of these promising results, the authors have launched a more comprehensive and detailed clinical trial. @entity5 2015;121:139-149.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Tracking viable circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of @entity1149 ( XXXX ) @entity1 undergoing definitive @entity1161 : Pilot study results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: The carcinogen @entity3653 ( @entity106 ) has been used to induce oral carcinogenesis of the hamster buccal mucosa in an experimental model that exhibits many of the genetic, biochemical and pathological features of @entity1 @entity957 . To complement this in vivo process we have established an in vitro transformation procedure that involved the treatment of normal hamster oral mucosal keratinocytes (NHKs) with @entity106 . Uptake of @entity106 in NHKs was verified by observing autofluorescence of @entity106 in the oral mucosal cells. Treatment doses ranged from 5, 50 and 200 ng and the NHKs were generally treated with @entity106 for 1-14 days. The 200 ng dose proved to be toxic to these cells. The 5 and 50 ng treatments were found to maintain the viability of the NHKs and demonstrate anchorage-independent agarose growth, producing 18 and 40 colonies, respectively, after 14 days of treatment. Characterisation assays included determinations for cellular growth through plating efficiency, counting of cell colony number, and @entity665 incorporation. Differentiation was ascertained by counting cornified cells, specification of either high or low molecular weight keratins, the percentage of cells expressing @entity6811 ( @entity6811 ), the level of @entity876 expression, and a determination of cell cycle. After 24 h the plating efficiency of the NHKs was found to be slightly increased following treatment with a 5 or 50 ng dose of @entity106 compared to the untreated NHKs. After 14 days of incubation these doses also enhanced the number of colonies formed by the NHKs (e.g. plating efficiency). In contrast, the number of cornified cells was reduced in these colonies, while immunohistochemistry disclosed an increase in the number of NHKs expressing low molecular weight keratins, significantly lower levels of high molecular weight keratins and high levels for @entity6811 . Flow cytometric analysis verified an increase in @entity876 expression (e.g. @entity876 wild type, 19% and @entity876 mutant, 66%). Cell cycle analysis of NHKs treated with @entity106 (5 ng) demonstrated a shift in the number of cells in S phase (17.2%) and G2 + mitosis (11.0%). Cells from this @entity106 treatment group were injected into syngeneic hamster recipient buccal pouches (10 x 10(6) cells/0.25 ml). @entity957 grew in four of six hamster buccal pouches as determined by histopathological analysis. The in vitro assay system will enhance our ability to define the genetic and molecular changes related to @entity105 and oral malignant transformation.

title: Verification in syngeneic hamsters of in vitro transformation of hamster oral mucosa by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'Squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['chemical carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6811 :: ('92086', 'Gene') :: ['GGT', 'gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase']

answer: @entity3653 :: (CHEBI:254496,Chemical) :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity30 ( @entity30 ) impairs @entity1 ' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), therefore a goal of treatment is to improve their health. Recently, a more ambitious therapeutic target has been proposed, to reestablish @entity1 ' HRQoL to normal standards. There is no information on long-term prognostic value of restoring the health of @entity1 with @entity30 . Our aim was to determine if early restoration of HRQoL with antitumor @entity39 factor (anti- @entity2874 ) agents is associated with long-term clinical remission. METHODS: Retrospective longitudinal study in @entity1 with active @entity30 treated with anti- @entity2874 agents. @entity1 completed the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ)-36 at baseline and weeks 2, 6, 14, 28, and 52. Early restoration of health was defined as an IBDQ-36 score   >   209 at week14, and long-term clinical remission as a Cohn's disease activity index (CDAI) score   <   150 maintained through week 52. RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity1 were included. Sixty-three @entity1 maintained long-term remission, with 47 (75%) of them achieving early restoration of HRQoL. Of the 31 @entity1 who did not maintain long-term remission, only 4 (13%) restored their HRQoL early (P   <   0.01). There was a strong negative correlation between the IBDQ-36 at week14 and CDAI values at week 52 (rs   =   -   0.64, P   <   0.01). Ninety-two percent of @entity1 with early restoration of HRQoL maintained long-term remission versus 37% who did not restore their HRQoL (P   <   0.01). To predict long-term remission, the cutoff point of 209 of the early IBDQ-36 had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.87. CONCLUSION: Achieving early restoration of HRQoL with anti- @entity2874 agents is associated with sustained long-term remission. This could be a therapeutic goal of treatment in clinical trials and daily practice.

title: Predictive value of early restoration of quality of life in @entity30 patients receiving antitumor XXXX factor agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['necrosis']


abstract: In order to assess the social, educational and economic impact in @entity1 with @entity565 and their families, we studied 162 @entity1 with @entity565 . The @entity1 and their parents were interviewed to assess the restriction on various activities of the @entity1 and family, the impact on schooling and expenditure on therapy. One hundred and forty one (87%) @entity1 had either mild or moderate persistent @entity565 . Nearly two thirds of @entity1 had some restriction placed on their play activities because of @entity565 . Restrictions on other physical activities and social activities were reported in half the @entity1 . @entity1 had absented from school for a median of 4 days in preceding 6 months. All these restrictions were more common in @entity1 with more severe disease and/or poor control of symptoms. The median monthly expenditure on @entity1 's medication was Rs. 333, i.e., about one third of monthly per capita income. @entity565 has significant adverse impact on @entity1 's daily activities, schooling, and family life and finances.

title: Social and economic impact of childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood asthma', 'asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two main genetic groups (B.12 and B.FTNF002-00) of @entity5092 ssp. holarctica are endemic in Europe. The B.FTNF002-00 group proved to be dominant in Western European countries, while strains of the B.12 group were isolated mainly in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The clinical course of @entity6588 in the European brown hare ( @entity18993 ) also shows distinct patterns according to the geographical area. Acute course of the disease is observed in hares in Western European countries, while signs of @entity281 are more frequently detected in the eastern part of the continent. The aim of the present study was to examine whether there is any difference in the virulence of the strains belonging to the B.FTNF002-00 and B.12 genetic clades. RESULTS: Experimental @entity281 of Fischer 344 @entity35 was performed by intra-peritoneal injection of three dilutions of a Hungarian (B.12 genotype) and an Italian (B.FTNF002-00 genotype) @entity5092 ssp. holarctica strain. Moderate difference was observed in the virulence of the two genotypes. Significant differences were observed in total weight loss values and scores of clinical signs between the two genotypes with more @entity35 succumbing to @entity6588 in groups infected with the B.FTNF002-00 genotype. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the experimental @entity281 are consistent with previous clinical observations and pathological studies suggesting that @entity5092 ssp. holarctica genotype B.FTNF002-00 has higher pathogenic potential than the B.12 genotype.

title: Comparison of virulence of XXXX ssp. holarctica genotypes B.12 and B.FTNF002-00.

entities_list: @entity5092 :: ('263', 'Species') :: ['Francisella tularensis', 'F. tularensis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'sub-acute or chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity18993 :: ('9983', 'Species') :: ['Lepus europaeus']

entities_list: @entity6588 :: ('MESH:D014406', 'Disease') :: ['tularemia']

answer: @entity5092 :: (263,Species) :: ['Francisella tularensis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural killer cells have been shown to be relevant in the recognition and lysis of @entity3052 . In childhood @entity981 , it was shown that HLA I expression and @entity9371 receptor-ligand mismatch significantly impact @entity981 cytolysis. We characterized 14 different primary childhood @entity3052 blasts by flow cytometry including @entity3223 ligands. Further HLA I typing of blasts was performed and HLA I on the @entity3052 blasts was quantified. In two healthy volunteer NK cell donors HLA I typing and @entity9371 genotyping were done. Blasts with high @entity3223 ligand expression had significantly higher lysis by isolated NK cells. Grouping the blasts by @entity3223 ligand expression led to a significant inverse correlation of HLA I expression and cytolysis in @entity3223 low blasts. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation of @entity3223 ligand expression and blast cytolysis was shown. No impact of @entity9371 ligand-ligand mismatch was found but a significantly increased lysis of homozygous C2 blasts by @entity16301 negative NK cells (donor B) was revealed. In conclusion, @entity3223 signaling leads to NK cell mediated lysis of childhood @entity3052 despite high HLA I expression.

title: NKG2D Signaling Leads to NK Cell Mediated Lysis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['Childhood AML']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Herein we present a single-center retrospective study of @entity1 who underwent @entity302 surgery for @entity410 arising from the sensorimotor (rolandic) cortex. The goal was to find prognostic factors associated with better @entity410 outcome and to evaluate both surgical and neurologic outcomes. @entity1 , METHODS, AND MATERIALS: A total of 66 @entity1 fulfilled eligibility criteria and were included in the study. @entity1 were divided into two groups for analysis: @entity1 with resections within rolandic cortex (RO group; n  =  46), and @entity1 with resections in immediate perirolandic cortex and simultaneous sensorimotor multiple subpial transections (IPR group; n  =  20). RESULTS: Favorable postoperative @entity410 outcome (International League Against @entity302 [ILAE]; ILAE1-ILAE3) was achieved in 42 @entity1 (64%), 39 (59%) of whom were completely @entity410 -free (ILAE1). The favorable @entity410 outcome in the RO group (72%) was better than in the IPR group (45%) (p  =  0.04, relative risk [RR]  0.51 [0.28-0.94, 95% CI]). Eighteen @entity1 (34%) had a postoperative permanent @entity51 . Independent predictors for excellent @entity410 outcome (ILAE1) after multivariate regression analysis were complete resection of the lesion (p  <  0.001), pathology (p  =  0.009), age at surgery (p  =  0.03), and the absence of preoperative simple partial @entity410 (p  =  0.01). SIGNIFICANCE: With a 64% favorable @entity410 outcome, surgery for intractable @entity302 arising from sensorimotor cortex is possible and can be worthwhile. The increased risk for postoperative @entity51 is higher than in other locations, and this must be discussed with @entity1 in detail prior to surgery. Best postoperative results can be achieved in cases in which a complete resection is possible without damaging eloquent cortical areas.

title: XXXX surgery of the rolandic and immediate perirolandic cortex: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: The blood vascular architecture of the @entity35 nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) was studied by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. To examine the correlation of the vasculature with the distribution of lymphocyte subsets, the NALT was also studied by light microscopy of immuno-stained samples. The NALT was supplied by a branch of the inferior nasal artery which arose from the sphenopalatine artery. This branch reached the bottom of the NALT and ramified arterioles to the follicles and the parafollicular regions. These arterioles ascended toward the subepithelial region, giving off capillaries en route to form a coarse plexus within the follicles and the parafollicular regions. The arterioles reached the subepithelial region and formed a subepithelial capillary network consisting of a single layer of flat meshwork. The follicular, parafollicular and subepithelial capillaries anastomosed one another. The capillaries in each region were gathered into collecting venules, which in turn drained into @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) in the parafollicular region. The @entity2101 ran through the parafollicular regions around the follicular perimeters, and flowed into ordinary veins to leave the NALT. Lymphocytes labeled with an anti-T cell antibody were mainly distributed in the parafollicular regions, where @entity2101 were situated. B cells were mostly observed in the follicular and dome areas. The microvascular structure and its correlation with lymphocyte subset domains in the NALT were essentially similar to those in other mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) such as tonsils and Peyer's patches.

title: Microvascular architecture of XXXX nasal associated lymphoid tissue.

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HEVs', 'high endothelial venules']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pivotal trials have established that, among @entity1 who have no immediate intention to quit smoking, @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) helps @entity1 reduce and eventually stop smoking. The prime aim of this trial was to investigate the feasibility of implementing such a programme in community pharmacies. In addition, we investigated the effectiveness of providing behavioural support compared with self-help methods and of shorter compared with standard length reduction programmes. METHODS: Pharmacists were trained to deliver a smoking reduction programme and opportunistically invite @entity1 to participate in the programme. In a 2   *   2 factorial design, eligible volunteers were randomised to either receive in- @entity1 behavioural support or a self-help booklet. In both cases, @entity1 were supported to set targets to reduce their smoking and use behavioural techniques to assist reduction. In addition, @entity1 were randomised to cut down and stop over 4  weeks or over 16  weeks, but in either case continue NRT for up to nine months. We assessed uptake and adherence to the programme and smoking cessation four weeks and six months after a quit day and reduction in the three months following programme end and incorporated a qualitative processes assessment. RESULTS: Only 68 of the planned 160 smokers could be recruited. Pharmacists were deterred by the bureaucracy of trial enrolment and that many smokers did not return for further support. Pharmacists sometimes subverted the randomisation or provided support to @entity1 in the self-help arm. Smokers stayed in the programme for an average of 6  weeks rather than the 9  months envisaged. Rates of follow-up declined to around 20% of @entity1 by 12  months. There was insufficient evidence to assess whether support or speed of reduction enhanced cessation or reduction but cessation and reduction were less common overall than in the pivotal trials for licensing NRT for this indication. CONCLUSIONS: This programme of smoking reduction and the trial design to assess its effectiveness proved unpopular to potential @entity1 and pharmacists. As a result, the trial produced no evidence on the effectiveness of behavioural support or speed or smoking reduction. A trial of this programme in this context is unfeasible. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN 54805841 . Registered 18 March 2010.

title: A mixed methods feasibility study of XXXX -assisted smoking reduction programmes delivered by community pharmacists - The RedPharm study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['nicotine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The use of @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) to indicate biochemical failure has become an accepted procedure to measure the effectiveness of therapy. Because long-term randomized studies comparing radiation modalities to radical prostatectomy are not available, use of biochemical recurrence as a surrogate measure of efficacy is increasing. Unfortunately, the definition of failure is not uniform among therapies. We evaluate how the American Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology (ASTRO) criteria affect the interpretation of failure when applied to radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from 2,691 @entity1 who underwent anatomical radical prostatectomy for localized disease between 1985 and 2000. All @entity1 had regular followup visits ranging from 6 months to 15 years (mean 6). No @entity1 were treated with radiation or hormonal therapy preoperatively or postoperatively until clinical recurrence. Biochemical failure was defined as any measurable @entity1486 0.2 ng./ml. or greater. We evaluated how elements of the ASTRO criteria affected the failure rate when applied to this series. We looked at 1) backdating the failure date to the midpoint between nadir and first @entity1486 greater than 0.2 ng./ml., 2) early censoring if only 1 or 2 increasing values were available and 3) defining failure after 3 consecutive @entity1486 increases and backdating failure time (midpoint of nadir and first @entity1486 increase). RESULTS: Using actuarial analysis of the data defining failure as the first @entity1486 0.2 ng./ml. or greater, biochemical freedom from failure at 5, 10 and 15 years was 85%, 77% and 68%, respectively. In contrast, when backdating was used in this series, almost all failures occurred early with rare late failures (freedom from failure 82%, 80% and 80% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively). The difference in failure became even more pronounced when ASTRO criteria were applied requiring 3 consecutive increases, and backdating failure to the midpoint between nadir and first @entity1486 (freedom from failure 90%, 90% and 90% at 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The application of ASTRO criteria to a mature series of surgically treated @entity1 with @entity263 produced an apparent improvement in the probability of being biochemically free of disease at 15 years from 68% to 90%. Until prospective trials comparing these different therapies become available, caution should be exercised when interpreting outcomes between series due to the inherent differences in definition of biochemical failure.

title: A critical analysis of the interpretation of biochemical failure in surgically treated XXXX using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence, clinical presentation, and histologic subclassification of @entity1127 identified on endoscopy (EGD) in pediatric @entity1 . METHODS: We performed an 18-year retrospective study of all pediatric @entity1 (< 21 years) with @entity1127 diagnosed between 1983 and 2001 at The Johns Hopkins @entity1 's Center. Our analysis includes a formal histologic evaluation of @entity1127 either biopsied using cold-forceps or removed by snare cautery. RESULTS: @entity1127 were reported in 22 of 5766 EGDs (0.4%) performed in 16 (M:F; 1:1) @entity1 with a mean (SD) age of 14.1 (5.1) years. @entity1127 were equal in both the Caucasian and African American population (adjusted ratio 1.2:1). The histologic subtypes included @entity1412 (42%), @entity34245 (33%), @entity7881 (17%), and @entity1127 (8%). The most frequent indication for EGD was surveillance in @entity1 with @entity1412 syndromes; most of these @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time of their EGD. In comparison, the most frequent indication for an EGD in @entity1 without @entity1412 syndromes was @entity490 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1127 are most frequently encountered in @entity1 with @entity1412 syndromes, most of whom are asymptomatic. In nonsyndromic @entity1 , the most common histologic subtype is @entity34245 polyp and presenting symptoms include @entity490 .

title: The clinical spectrum of XXXX in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic gastric gland polyps', 'Polyps', 'Duodenal polyps', 'duodenal polyps']

entities_list: @entity7881 :: ('MESH:C563621', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomatous']

entities_list: @entity34245 :: ('MESH:C563156', 'Disease') :: ["Brunner's gland hyperplastic"]

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'Adenomatous']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['duodenal polyps']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) are performed in the management of @entity472 as bridge and therapeutic challenge in the work-up for transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, the significance of gender in outcomes following @entity2333 remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 664 consecutive @entity1 who underwent @entity2333 from January 2005 to December 2012. @entity1 were stratified according to gender. Clinical and procedural characteristics as well as in-hospital outcomes and 1-year mortality were collected. Cumulative survival curves for @entity1 and @entity1 were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the independent effect of sex on 1-year mortality. RESULTS: Of the 664 @entity1 , 333 (52%) were @entity1 . @entity1 had lower body surface area, tended to be frailer and were less likely to have history of @entity453 . @entity1 were more likely to present with @entity712 whereas @entity1 presented more commonly with @entity662 . In hospital death was significantly higher in @entity1 compared to @entity1 , mainly driven by the difference in @entity204 (8.1% vs 3.9%, P = .02 and 6.3% vs 2.6%, P = .02 respectively). One-year mortality rates were similar in @entity1 and @entity1 (25.4% vs 29.4%, P = .42) and after multivariate analysis gender had no association with 1-year mortality (HR = 0.9, P = .65). CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences exist in baseline characteristics and presentation between genders. Although in hospital mortality after @entity2333 was significantly higher in @entity1 , 1-year mortality was similar between @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Gender-specific outcomes after XXXX : Inhospital and long-term outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['balloon aortic valvuloplasty', 'BAV']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['balloon aortic valvuloplasty']


abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a @entity2247 inhibitor on the recovery of muscle function, @entity32 , regeneration after, and adaptation to, unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Thirty-three young males and females participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. Seventy unilateral, voluntary, maximal eccentric actions with the elbow flexors were performed twice (bouts 1 and 2) with the same arm, separated by 3 weeks. The test group @entity1 were administered 400 mg/day of @entity12698 for 9 days after bout 1. After both bouts 1 and 2, concentric and isometric force-generating capacity was immediately reduced (approximately 40-50%), followed by the later appearance of muscle soreness and increased serum @entity908 kinase levels. Radiolabelled autologous leukocytes (detected by scintigraphy) and monocytes/macrophages (histology) accumulated in the exercised muscles, simultaneously with increased satellite cell activity. These responses were reduced and recovery was faster after bout 2 than 1, demonstrating a repeated-bout effect. No differences between the @entity12698 and placebo groups were detected, except for muscle soreness, which was attenuated by @entity12698 . In summary, @entity12698 , a @entity2247 inhibitor, did not detectably affect recovery of muscle function or markers of @entity32 and regeneration after unaccustomed eccentric exercise, nor did the drug influence the repeated-bout effect. However, it alleviated muscle soreness.

title: A XXXX inhibitor reduces muscle soreness, but does not influence recovery and adaptation after eccentric exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

answer: @entity2247 :: (4513,Gene) :: ['COX-2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To confirm the accuracy of the ThinPrep Pap Test (Cytyc Corp., Boxborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A.) on the basis of histologic diagnosis by biopsy and the detection of @entity1082 ) DNA in mass screening. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1,997 @entity1 residing in Xiangyuan County, Shanxi Province, P.R.C., an area with a high incidence of @entity2622 , were enrolled in this study. We collected exfoliative cervical samples from all subjects into a liquid buffer (Preserv-Cyt [Cytyc]) and utilized for both cytologic screening using the ThinPrep Pap Test and HPV DNA testing. Subsequent colposcopic biopsies were taken on all subjects. All the tests were performed in an independent and blinded fashion. We compared the ThinPrep Pap test with colposcopic biopsy and HPV test. RESULTS: @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ) (CIN 2/3) were identified in 74 (3.7%) of 1,993 @entity1 adequately assessed, and there were 12 cases of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). The false negative rate of ThinPrep cytology was 3.2% for biopsy-confirmed CIN 3 and 9.3% for CIN 2. Twenty-seven (87%) of the 31 @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed CIN 3 and 12 (100%) of 12 with biopsy-confirmed @entity957 had a diagnosis of either @entity2784 or greater abnormalities on ThinPrep cytology. In addition, the HPV DNA detection rates offered a good correlation between cytology and biopsy. CONCLUSION: The ThinPrep Pap performed extremely well in this primary screening trial. We found a good correlation between ThinPrep cytology and colposcopic biopsy on detection of @entity2784 and @entity957 ; cervical specimens collected in ThinPrep liquid buffer serve as a direct test for HPV as well.

title: A thin-layer, liquid-based pap test for mass screening in an area of China with a high incidence of XXXX . A cross-sectional, comparative study.

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The reasons for decreasing birth prevalence of @entity4297 ( @entity4297 ) in several European countries and Canada are not fully understood. We present CHD prevalence among live births, stillbirths, and terminated pregnancies in an entire nation over a period of 16 years. METHODS: Information on all births in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, 1994-2009, was updated with information on CHD from the hospitals' @entity1 Administrative Systems, the National Hospital's clinical database for @entity1 with @entity299 , and the Cause of Death Registry. Individuals with @entity299 were assigned specific cardiac phenotypes. RESULTS: Among 954,413 births, 13,081 received a diagnosis of CHD (137.1 per 10,000 births, 133.2 per 10,000 live births). The prevalence per 10,000 births was as follows: @entity24467 , 1.6; conotruncal defects, 11.6; @entity474 , 5.6; @entity1700 , 1.1; left outflow obstructions, 8.7; right outflow obstructions, 5.6; @entity1757 , 65.5; isolated @entity2461 , 24.6; and other specified or unspecified CHD, 12.7. Excluding preterm @entity2461 , the CHD prevalence was 123.4 per 10,000; per year, the prevalence increased with 3.5% (95% CI 2.5-4.4) in 1994-2005 and declined with 9.8% (-16.7 to -2.4) from 2005 onwards. Severe CHD prevalence was 30.7 per 10,000; per-year increase was 2.3% (1.1-3.5) in 1994-2004, and per-year decrease was 3.4% (-6.6 to -0.0) in 2004-2009. Numbers included severe CHD in stillbirths and terminated pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS: The birth prevalence of CHD declined from around 2005. Specifically, the prevalence of severe CHD was reduced by 3.4% per year from 2004 through 2009.

title: Birth prevalence of XXXX in Norway 1994-2009-A nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['septal defects']

entities_list: @entity24467 :: ('MESH:C538116', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxia']

entities_list: @entity474 :: ('MESH:C562831', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular septal defects']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['CHDs', 'congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity4297 :: (MESH:D006330,Disease) :: ['congenital heart defects']


abstract: @entity6694 ( @entity6694 ) is a clinically defined disorder that describes a subset of @entity1 with mutations in the X-linked @entity8251 gene. However, there is a high degree of variability in the clinical phenotypes produced by mutations in @entity8251 , even amongst classical @entity6694 @entity1 . In a large-scale screening project, this variability has been examined by looking at the effects of mutation type, functional domain affected and X-inactivation. Mutations have been identified in 60% of @entity6694 @entity1 in this study (25% of whom were atypical), including 23 novel mutations and polymorphisms. More mutations were found in classical @entity1 (63%) compared to atypical @entity1 (44%). All of the pathogenic mutations were de novo in @entity1 for whom parent DNA was available for screening. A composite phenotype score was developed, based on the recommendations for reporting clinical features in @entity6694 of an international collaborative group. This score proved useful for summarising phenotypic severity, but did not correlate with mutation type, domain affected or X-inactivation, probably due to complex interactions between all three. Other correlations suggested that truncating mutations and mutations affecting the @entity5498 -CpG-binding domain tend to lead to a more severe phenotype. Skewed X-inactivation was found in a large proportion (43%) of our @entity1 , particularly in those with truncating mutations and mutations affecting the MBD. It is therefore likely that X-inactivation does modulate the phenotype in @entity6694 .

title: Effects of @entity8251 mutation type, location and X-inactivation in modulating XXXX phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['RTT', 'Rett syndrome']

answer: @entity6694 :: (MESH:D015518,Disease) :: ['Rett syndrome']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Psoriasis, @entity5144 , and @entity1596 are inflammatory disorders with significant overlap in their inflammatory pathways. Limited evidence is available about the relationship between @entity5144 and @entity1596 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential bidirectional relationship between @entity5144 , including @entity1569 and @entity5144 , and @entity1596 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : We performed a nationwide cohort study of the Danish population from January 1, 1997, through December 31, 2011. We included 74,129 Danish @entity1 with @entity1569 who were 18 years or older during the study period. @entity1 were identified through administrative registries, and information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, medication, and comorbidity was obtained using individual-level linkage of administrative registers. We performed data analysis from January 27 through @entity43560 , 2015. EXPOSURES: Diagnosis of mild or severe @entity1569 or @entity5144 for @entity1596 risk and diagnosis of @entity1596 for the risk for @entity1569 or @entity5144 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Diagnosis of @entity1596 , mild @entity1569 , severe @entity1569 , or @entity5144 . We calculated incidence rates (IRs) and estimated IR ratios adjusted for potential confounders using Poisson regression. RESULTS: We identified 74,129 cases of @entity1569 and @entity5144 and 13,114 cases of @entity1596 . The IRs (95% CIs) for @entity1596 were 2.02 (1.99-2.06), 2.88 (2.33-3.56), 4.23 (2.40-7.45), and 5.49 (3.36-8.96) for the reference population and those with mild @entity1569 , severe @entity1569 , and @entity5144 , respectively. In the reference population, these IRs (95% CIs) were 9.37 (9.30-9.45), 1.12 (1.10-1.15), and 1.04 (1.01-1.06), and in @entity1 with @entity1596 , these statistics were 15.51 (12.92-18.62), 2.66 (1.72-4.13), and 4.25 (3.00-6.01) for mild @entity1569 , severe @entity1569 , and @entity5144 , respectively. Adjusted IR ratios (95% CIs) for @entity1596 were 1.38 (1.11-1.70 [P   =   .02]), 1.40 (0.70-2.81 [P   =   .34]), and 2.50 (1.53-4.08 [P   <   .001]) for @entity1 with mild @entity1569 , severe @entity1569 , and @entity5144 , respectively. For @entity1 with @entity1596 , IR ratios (95% CIs) were 1.59 (1.32-1.91 [P   <   .001]) for mild @entity1569 , 2.17 (1.40-3.38 [P   <   .001]) for severe @entity1569 , and 3.77 (2.66-5.34 [P   <   .001]) for @entity5144 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: We found a bidirectional association between @entity5144 and @entity1596 . Increased focus on eye symptoms in @entity1 with @entity1569 and @entity5144 and on skin and joint symptoms in @entity1 with prior or current @entity1596 may be appropriate.

title: Association of Psoriatic Disease With XXXX : A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic disease', 'psoriatic arthritis']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report our 12-year experience with endoscopic management of @entity1 with concomitant anterior and @entity340 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of @entity1 referred to us for management of urethral valves from 2000 to 2012 to find cases with concomitant anterior and posterior valves. The diagnosis of valves was first suspected on voiding cystourethrography and confirmed by urethrocystoscopy. We collected available data on @entity1 ' age at diagnosis, clinical presentations, ultrasound and urodynamic findings, and surgical treatments. The final outcome at last follow up was also recorded. RESULTS: From 38 cases with @entity1347 , six (15.8%) presented concomitant anterior and posterior valves. The age at diagnosis in these @entity1 ranged from antenatal diagnosis to 13   years. Initial presenting symptoms were recurrent @entity293 , @entity322 , urosepsis and poor urinary stream. All valves were ablated by transurethral fulguration/resection using small-sized urethrocystoscopes. Among those with concomitant anterior and posterior valves, four @entity1 had vesicoureteral reflux at presentation that resolved in two @entity1 after valve ablation. One @entity1 progressed to @entity177 and required dialysis. @entity1494 and detrusor overactivity were the main urodynamic patterns in these @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant anterior and posterior valves seem to be more prevalent than previously assumed, and might be missed on initial assessment. Oblique view voiding cystourethrography with full-length delineation of the urethra is of paramount diagnostic importance when obstruction is suspected. A meticulous urethrocystoscopy should follow for confirming the diagnosis and endoscopic ablation/resection of the valves.

title: Concomitant anterior and XXXX in pediatrics: A single center experience over 12   years and long-term follow up after endoscopic treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['Bladder hypercontractility']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior urethral valve']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively identify all cases of @entity2259 in @entity1 with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ), establish time to positivity for various microorganisms, correlate clinical findings with microbiology data, and determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of the pneumococcal isolates. METHODS: All positive blood cultures from @entity1 with @entity3458 followed at the @entity1 's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 1993 through May 2001 were included. Isolates were classified as pathogen or contaminant. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted from the medical records. Time to positivity and antibiotic resistance data were generated in the microbiology laboratory. RESULTS: One hundred forty-one positive blood culture bottles were obtained during distinct febrile episodes. Thirty-nine percent contained pathogens and 61% contained contaminants. The average time to positivity was 17.1 hours in the pathogen group and 29.5 hours in the contaminant group (P < 0.0001). @entity328 was the most common pathogen (42% of total), with a mean @entity1 age of 3.5 years. Gram-negative rods were the second most common organism (28% of total), with a mean @entity1 age of 8.1 years. Thirty-one percent of the pneumococcal isolates were resistant to @entity114 . Thirty-five percent of the pneumococcal isolates grew from @entity1 with a focus of @entity281 . @entity5837 was noted in 26% of @entity1 with a positive blood culture for @entity2260 . Sixty-seven percent of Salmonella isolates and 50% of @entity794 isolates grew from @entity1 who developed @entity4034 . CONCLUSIONS: The average time to positivity for pathogens can be used in conjunction with other factors to determine the length of observation required for @entity1 with @entity3458 who present with @entity221 . Chest radiographs should be obtained on @entity1 with @entity3458 who are bacteremic with @entity2260 . Bone scans should be obtained on @entity1 with @entity3458 who are @entity5746 or @entity794 .

title: Positive blood cultures in XXXX : time to positivity and clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['Acute chest syndrome']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremic with Salmonella']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between @entity2183 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) in community dwelling older @entity1 and @entity1 . DESIGN: A repeated measures design was employed over a 24-hour period. SETTING: The study was conducted in a clinical research center. @entity1 : Thirty community-dwelling elders (mean age=65.5, SD=8.4 years) with symptoms of @entity2183 and @entity25 @entity1353 , volunteered to participate. Both @entity1 (n = 13) and @entity1 (n = 17) and minority subjects (African-Americans, n = 19; Caucasian, n = 11) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS: Blood specimens were collected every 4 hours, except for an 8-hour collection period overnight. Urine specimens were collected ad libitum and at the end of each data collection interval. Urine and blood specimens were analyzed for ANP and AVP content. Polysomnography was conducted using a full 18-channel montage. @entity386 was defined as a decrease in airflow of > or = 90% for a minimum of 10 seconds. @entity387 was defined as > or = 30% decrease in airflow and desaturations required a > or = 3% decrease in @entity26 saturation for a minimum of 10 seconds. The @entity27 index (AHI) was calculated as the sum of @entity386 and @entity387 divided by hours of sleep. RESULTS: Twenty of the thirty subjects were found to have clinically diagnosable @entity27 (AHI > or = 5). AVP excretion was not correlated with changes in AHI levels. Conversely, total urine output, plasma ANP and urine ANP excretion were significantly higher among subjects with higher AHI levels (> 15). CONCLUSION: In subjects with elevated AHI (> 15), nighttime urine production and ANP excretion are elevated.

title: Obstructive sleep @entity386 , XXXX and polyuria in older adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopneas', 'Hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disordered']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['Apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity2183 :: (MESH:D053158,Disease) :: ['nocturia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For @entity5550 ( @entity227 ) to be accepted as a distinct diagnostic category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for @entity146 , Fifth Edition, it must be demonstrated that the criteria identify a diagnostic entity that is distinct from @entity1279 and @entity28 . This study examined the difference in total energy intake per day, patterns of energy intake throughout the day, and nutrient content of foods consumed in @entity28 individuals who met the criteria for @entity227 (on binge and @entity227 ) and those who did not. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Twenty @entity1 , 12 who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria for @entity227 and 8 matched @entity28 controls, participated in the study. All @entity1 underwent six random 24-hour dietary recall telephone interviews conducted by experienced interviewers using the Nutrition Data Software System. RESULTS: The @entity227 group ingested significantly more kilocalories on days when they had binge eating episodes than the @entity28 control group on average. The @entity227 group ate significantly more in the evening on binge days than their control group counterparts. There is some indication in the data that those with @entity227 may be restricting caloric intake. Finally, data indicated that the @entity227 group ate significantly more protein, @entity1735 , and fat on binge days than on @entity227 . However, the proportion of kilocalories from each nutrient shifted on @entity227 binge days compared with @entity227 to favor consumption of fat over @entity3363 . DISCUSSION: More research needs to be done to determine if these findings are reproducible. Then, the neurobiological underpinnings of these differences in nutrient intake patterns and nutrient selection can be studied to help to determine the biological basis of the disorder.

title: Energy intake patterns in @entity28 @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'non-binge days']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['binge eating disorder']

answer: @entity5550 :: (MESH:D056912,Disease) :: ['binge eating disorder']


abstract: To determine the incidence of @entity715 ( @entity715 ), a prospective database was maintained on 1315 @entity1 undergoing @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) between August 1997 and December 2002. All had distal pulse evaluation preoperatively. In the last 629 cases pulse oxymetry was used to monitor the distal circulation during and after surgery. @entity1 with @entity51 or evidence of @entity63 after surgery were further analyzed. Six @entity1 were identified with @entity715 (0.45%). Five were females and one was male, with ages ranging from 35 to 56 years. All had exposure at the L4-5. Five were diagnosed at surgery and one in the recovery room after posterior surgery. All except one had strong, palpable preoperative pulses. Pulse oxymetry confirmed the diagnosis in two @entity1 , in whom it was not clinically evident. Four had successful thrombectomy; one had a femoro-femoral bypass and one had an axillo-femoral bypass. Two developed @entity2054 . None had calcifications on preoperative X-rays. @entity715 is an uncommon complication of @entity1347 . Early identification and management can avoid long-term complications. Pulse oxymetry helps in its timely identification. @entity1 undergoing exposure at L4-5 and females are at greater risk.

title: Left iliac artery @entity715 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior lumbar surgery', 'ALS']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pulse deficits']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['left iliac artery thrombosis', 'LIAT']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['anterior lumbar surgery']


abstract: @entity4545 ( @entity4545 ) utilizes @entity268 to trigger pigmentation of melanocytes via activation of melanocyte-restricted @entity4353 -associated transcription factor (M- @entity3060 ) expression. M- @entity3060 is a melanocyte-restricted helix-loop-helix transcription factor capable of transactivating promoters for multiple genes whose products modulate pigmentation. Although M- @entity3060 promoter activation by @entity4545 is known to occur through a conserved @entity268 -response element (CRE), it remains unclear how this CRE exhibits such exquisitely tissue-restricted responsiveness. Here we show that @entity268 -mediated CRE-binding protein activation of the M- @entity3060 promoter requires a second DNA element located approximately 100 bp upstream, a site that is bound and activated by @entity6489 . Mutations in the @entity6489 transcription factor, like @entity3060 , results in a disorder known as @entity10244 . The @entity268 response of the M- @entity3060 promoter was analyzed in @entity320 and @entity521 cells (which are neural crest-derived but lack both M- @entity3060 and @entity6489 expression). M- @entity3060 promoter responsiveness to @entity268 was found to depend upon @entity6489 , and reciprocally, @entity6489 transactivation was dependent upon the CRE. Ectopic @entity6489 expression, in cooperation with @entity268 signaling, activated the M- @entity3060 promoter function and the expression of measurable endogenous M- @entity3060 transcripts in @entity521 cells. @entity6489 dom, a mutant allele, failed to cooperate with @entity268 in @entity521 cells and attenuated the @entity268 responsiveness of the M- @entity3060 promoter in @entity320 cells. These observations demonstrate a means whereby the ubiquitous @entity268 signaling machinery is harnessed to produce a highly tissue-restricted transcriptional response by cooperating with architectural factors, in this case @entity6489 .

title: A tissue-restricted XXXX transcriptional response: @entity6489 modulates @entity4545 -triggered expression of @entity4353 -associated transcription factor in melanocytes.

entities_list: @entity4545 :: ('5443', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone', 'MSH']

entities_list: @entity10244 :: ('MESH:D014849', 'Disease') :: ['Waardenburg Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity268 :: (CHEBI:17489,Chemical) :: ['cAMP']


abstract: A novel nanoscale molecular probe is formulated in order to reduce @entity137 and side effects of antitumor drug @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) in normal tissues and to enhance the detection sensitivity during early imaging diagnosis. The mechanism involves a specific targeting of @entity11599 peptide (RGD)-GX1 heterogeneous dimer peptide-conjugated dendrigraft @entity5731 (DGL)-magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) composite by avb3-integrin/vasculature endothelium receptor-mediated synergetic effect. The physicochemical properties of the nanoprobe were characterized by using transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X- @entity16039 diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer. The average diameter of the resulting MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1- @entity3105 nanoparticles (NPs) was ~150-160 nm by DLS under simulate physiological medium. In the present experimental system, the loading amount of @entity3105 on NPs accounted for 414.4 mg/g for MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1- @entity3105 . The results of @entity137 , flow cytometry, and cellular uptake consistently indicated that the MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1- @entity3105 NPs were inclined to target HepG2 cells in selected three kinds of cells. In vitro exploration of molecular mechanism revealed that cell apoptosis was associated with the overexpression of Fas protein and the significant activation of caspase-3. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and biodistribution study showed that the MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1- @entity3105 formulation had high affinity to the @entity5 tissue, leading to more aggregation of NPs in the @entity5 . In vivo antitumor efficacy research verified that MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1- @entity3105 NPs possessed significant antitumor activity and the @entity5 inhibitory rate reached 78.5%. These results suggested that NPs could be promising in application to early diagnosis and therapy in @entity157 as a specific nanoprobe.

title: Heterogeneous dimer peptide-conjugated polylysine dendrimer-Fe3O4 composite as a novel nanoscale molecular probe for early diagnosis and therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5731 :: ('CHEBI:61490', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-l-lysine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To distinguish true local recurrences (TR) from new @entity5 (NP) and to assess whether this distinction has prognostic value in @entity1 who develop ipsilateral @entity0 recurrences (IBTR) after breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. METHODS: Between 1970 and 1994, 1339 @entity1 underwent breast-conserving surgery at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson @entity5 Center for @entity513 in @entity2735 . Of these @entity1 , 139 (10.4%) had an IBTR as the first site of failure. For the 126 @entity1 with clinical data available for retrospective review, we classified the IBTR as a TR if it was located within 3 cm of the @entity5 bed and was of the same histologic subtype. All other IBTRs were designated NP. RESULTS: Of the 126 @entity1 , 48 (38%) @entity1 were classified as NP and 78 (62%) as TR. Mean time to disease recurrence was 7.3 years for NP versus 5.6 years for TR (P = 0.0669). The @entity1 with NP had improved 10-year rates of overall survival (NP 77% vs. TR 46%, P = 0.0002), cause-specific survival (NP 83% vs. TR 49%, P = 0.0001), and distant disease-free survival (NP 77% vs. TR 26%, P < 0.0001). @entity1 with NP more often developed @entity0 (10-year rate: NP 29% vs. TR 8%, P = 0.0043), but were less likely to develop a second local recurrence after salvage treatment of the first IBTR (NP 2% vs. TR 18%, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with NP had significantly better survival rates than those with TR, but were more likely to develop @entity0 . Distinguishing new @entity0 from @entity66 recurrences may have importance in therapeutic decisions and chemoprevention strategies. This is because @entity1 with @entity189 had significantly lower rates of @entity3 than those with @entity66 recurrence, but were more likely to develop contralateral @entity0 .

title: Classifying @entity66 recurrences after breast conservation therapy based on location and histology: new XXXX have more favorable outcomes than true @entity66 recurrences.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinomas', 'breast tumor', 'contralateral breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['situ or invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['new carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['primary tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endoplasmic reticulum stress elicits unfolded protein response to counteract the accumulating unfolded protein load inside a cell. The chemical chaperone, @entity10022 ( @entity10023 ) is a FDA approved drug that alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress by assisting protein folding. It is found efficacious to augment pathological conditions like type 2 @entity6 , @entity28 and @entity179 . This study explores the binding nature of @entity10023 with human serum albumin (HSA) through spectroscopic and molecular dynamics approaches, and the results show that @entity10023 has high binding specificity to Sudlow Site II ( @entity844 binding site 3, subdomain IIIA). Ligand displacement studies, RMSD stabilization profiles and MM-PBSA binding free energy calculation confirm the same. The binding constant as calculated from fluorescence spectroscopic studies was found to be kPBA = 2.69 x 105 M-1. Like long chain @entity1718 , @entity10023 induces conformational changes on HSA as shown by circular dichroism, and it elicits stable binding at Sudlow Site II ( @entity844 binding site 3) by forming strong @entity3884 bonding and a salt bridge between domain II and III of HSA. This minimizes the fluctuation of HSA backbone as shown by limited conformational space occupancy in the principal component analysis. The overall hydrophobicity of W214 pocket (located at subdomain IIA), increases upon occupancy of @entity10023 at any @entity6809 site. Descriptors of this pocket formed by residues from other subdomains largely play a role in compensating the dynamic movement of W214.

title: Evidence that Chemical Chaperone XXXX Binds to Human Serum Albumin at @entity844 Binding Sites.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid', 'Fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity10022 :: ('MESH:C075773', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Phenylbutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity10022 :: (MESH:C075773,Chemical) :: ['4-Phenylbutyric Acid']


abstract: @entity14 unusually spread to the bone. However, bone @entity3 (BM) are responsible for skeletal-related events (SREs) associated with an altered quality of life. Aiming to describe the characteristics and prognostic influence of BM from @entity5 , we performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in @entity1 treated in our institution (1996-2006). 189 @entity1 (5.5  %) developed BM: 79 with GEC and 110 with @entity14 . 57 @entity1 had bone-exclusive @entity3 . In univariate analyses, the median time to BM occurrence was correlated with the primary @entity5 (PT) localisation, surgery, histology and TNM staging. However, in multivariate analyses, the occurrence delay was significantly shorter only for @entity1 with GEC (HR 2.1), N1-2 status (HR 1.9), M1 status (HR 2.4), and @entity957 (HR 6.0). @entity158 was the most frequent clinical sign leading to BM diagnosis (77.2  %). SRE occurred in 55  % of @entity1 . Median overall survivals (OSs) of @entity1 with @entity14 and GEC were 9.4  months [95  % confidence interval (95  % CI) 6.4-11.1] and 3.4  months (95  % CI 2.5-9.0), respectively. In univariate analyses, @entity3012 was correlated with PT surgery and NM staging, and the number of BM. In multivariate analyses, only the PT surgery and the number of BM remained correlated with @entity3012 . Our results suggest that there may be a subset of @entity1 associated with a quicker development of BM. Given their higher risk of SRE, they could benefit from an early screening, calling for further prospective studies encompassing @entity1 with and without BM.

title: Bone XXXX in gastrointestinal cancer.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastro-intestinal cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal (CRC) and gastroesophageal (GEC) cancers', 'CRC']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: AIMS: @entity121 or @entity16 has been associated with @entity16332 / @entity14278 therapy in @entity1956 @entity1 . We aim to describe the pathological changes of @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . METHODS: We retrospectively recruited six @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity377 analogues-associated @entity121 or @entity16 . Muscle and nerve biopsy were performed, and the specimens were prepared for the light microscopy and electron microscopy. Genomic DNA was extracted from frozen muscle specimens, and the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content was quantified by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Recovery of the @entity121 can be achieved after the discontinuation or changing the drugs to @entity17705 . Muscle and nerve biopsy revealed similar changes under either the light or electronic microscopy in all the subjects. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed decrease of mtDNA content in the affected muscle. CONCLUSIONS: MtDNA depletion results in @entity2383 in the @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 . @entity121 was characterised by @entity2383 accompanied with @entity16 due to @entity16 . Ultrastructure changes of mitochondria included vacuolisation, simplification of the cristae and homogenised matrix.

title: @entity16332 / @entity14278 -associated @entity9918 : @entity16 , XXXX and mitochondrial DNA depletion.

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity9918 :: ('MESH:C566617', 'Disease') :: ['neuromyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['axonal neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'neurogenic damage']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity14278 :: ('MESH:C487779', 'Chemical') :: ['telbivudine']

entities_list: @entity17705 :: ('MESH:C413685', 'Chemical') :: ['entecavir']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Myopathy', 'myopathy']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']


abstract: A questionnaire-based retrospective clinical and immunological survey was conducted in 73 males with a definite diagnosis of @entity12089 based on @entity13852 sequence analysis. Forty-four were sporadic and 29 familial cases. At December 2000, the @entity1 ' ages ranged from 2 to 33 years; mean age at diagnosis and mean duration of follow-up were 3.5 and 10 years respectively. After the mid-1980s all but 2 were on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) substitution therapy, with residual IgG >500 mg/dl in 94% of the @entity1 at the time of enrollment. @entity1729 were the most frequent manifestation both prior to diagnosis and over follow-up. @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) was present in 24 @entity1 , in 15 already at diagnosis and in 9 more by 2000. The cumulative risk to present at diagnosis with @entity1030 increased from 0.17 to 0.40 and 0.78 when the diagnosis was made at the ages of 5, 10, and 15 years respectively. For the 9 @entity1 who developed @entity1030 during follow-up, the duration of follow-up, rather than age at diagnosis; previous administration of intramuscular immunoglobulin; and residual IgG levels had a significant effect on the development of @entity1030 . @entity102 was present in 35 @entity1 (48%), in 15 already at diagnosis and in 20 by 2000. @entity281 such as @entity295 and @entity693 / @entity5422 decreased over follow-up, probably due to optimal protection provided by high circulating IgG levels reached with IVIG.

title: Clinical, immunological, and molecular analysis in a large cohort of XXXX with @entity12089 : an Italian multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity12089 :: ('MESH:C537409', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Sistemic infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['CLD', 'Chronic lung disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Candidate biomarkers have been identified for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) @entity1 , but most have not been validated. OBJECTIVE: To validate published @entity1358 prognostic biomarkers in an independent @entity1 cohort and to assess intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) of the most promising markers to guide biomarker optimisation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Cancer-specific survival (CSS) for each of 28 identified genetic or transcriptomic biomarkers was assessed in 350 @entity1358 @entity1 . ITH was interrogated in a multiregion biopsy data set of 10 ccRCCs. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Biomarker association with CSS was analysed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 17 of 28 biomarkers ( @entity876 mutations; amplifications of chromosomes 8q, 12, 20q11.21q13.32, and 20 and deletions of 4p, 9p, 9p21.3p24.1, and 22q; low @entity1627 and @entity47961 expression and six gene expression signatures) were validated as predictors of poor CSS in univariate analysis. @entity5 stage and the ccB expression signature were the only independent predictors in multivariate analysis. ITH of the ccB signature was identified in 8 of 10 @entity5 . Several genetic alterations that were significant in univariate analysis were enriched, and chromosomal instability indices were increased in samples expressing the ccB signature. The study may be underpowered to validate low-prevalence biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: The ccB signature was the only independent prognostic biomarker. Enrichment of multiple poor prognosis genetic alterations in ccB samples indicated that several events may be required to establish this @entity146 phenotype, catalysed in some @entity5 by chromosomal instability. Multiregion assessment may improve the precision of this biomarker. @entity1 SUMMARY: We evaluated the ability of published biomarkers to predict the survival of @entity1 with @entity703 in an independent @entity1 cohort. Only one molecular test adds prognostic information to routine clinical assessments. This marker showed good and poor prognosis results within most individual @entity5 . Future biomarkers need to consider variation within @entity5 to improve accuracy.

title: Systematic Evaluation of the Prognostic Impact and Intratumour Heterogeneity of XXXX Biomarkers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell renal cell carcinoma', 'ccRCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell kidney cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1491 (BCC) arises as an apparently multifocal proliferation of @entity5 nests attached to the epidermis, which is at odds with a monoclonal origin. Computer-assisted reconstruction shows that these nests join in three dimensions, but it remains unknown whether this @entity5 is monoclonal. An early event in BCC formation, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the @entity2750 ( @entity2750 ) locus, can be used as a tool to address whether this @entity5 is monoclonal. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether superficial BCC is monoclonal by analysing individually microdissected superficial BCC nests and looking for the same pattern of LOH in each. METHODS: Six cases of superficial BCC were analysed for LOH at the @entity2750 gene locus using the D9S287 microsatellite marker. Identical allelic patterns were sought in each nest from a given @entity5 . These patterns were no allelic loss, loss of the shorter allele or loss of the longer allele, each with a respective probability of occurrence, as estimated from published findings. RESULTS: All cases were informative. Four cases showed no LOH in each nest and two showed loss of the same allele. If these nests arose independently, then the probability of this result was between 4 x 10-11 and 2 x 10-14. The lack of LOH, seen in four cases, could be due to monoclonal expansion of a cell retaining both D9S287 alleles, or due to a polyclonal proliferation. Therefore, a separate analysis excluding these cases was done, giving a probability of between 2.2 x 10-4 and 1.0 x 10-7. CONCLUSIONS: These probabilities were so extreme that it was unlikely that the nests arose independently, thus providing the first molecular evidence that superficial BCC is monoclonal.

title: Evidence that @entity1491 is monoclonal from analysis of the XXXX gene locus.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['Superficial basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2750 :: (5727,Gene) :: ['Ptch1']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors assessed the efficacy and complications from gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for @entity15 ( @entity15 )-associated @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). METHODS: There were 15 @entity1 with @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ). Treatment involved three sequential protocols, 70 to 90-Gy maximum dose, using a single 4-mm isocenter targeting the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve at its junction with the pons with the 50% isodose. @entity158 was appraised by each @entity1 by using Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Scores I through IV: I, no @entity158 ; II, occasional @entity158 not requiring medication; IIIa, no @entity158 but continued medication; IIIb, some @entity158 , controlled with medication; IV, some @entity158 , not controlled with medication; and V, severe @entity158 /no @entity158 relief. With a mean follow up of 17 months (range 6-38 months), 12 (80%) of 15 @entity1 experienced @entity158 relief. Three @entity1 (20%) reported no relief (BNI Score V). For responders, the mean latency from treatment to the onset of @entity158 relief was 13 days (range 1-61 days). Maximal relief was achieved after a mean latency of 56 days (range 1-157 days). Five @entity1 underwent a second GKS after a mean interval of 534 days (range 231-946 days). The mean maximum dose at this second treatment was 48 Gy. The target was unchanged from the first treatment. All five @entity1 who underwent repeated GKS improved. Complications were limited to delayed @entity1183 . Two (13%) of 15 @entity1 experienced onset of @entity1183 after the first GKS, as well as two of five @entity1 following a second GKS. The @entity1 found this mild and not bothersome. Each @entity1 who developed @entity1183 also experienced complete @entity158 relief. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery is an effective treatment for @entity4254 . Radiosurgery carries an acceptable small risk of mild @entity1183 , and @entity1183 appears predictive of a favorable outcome.

title: Gamma knife radiosurgery for @entity4254 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['numbness', 'facial hypesthesias', 'hypesthesias', 'hypesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['MS-associated TN', 'MS-TN', 'TN', 'trigeminal neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Visual processing abilities of @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 were assessed psychophysically using a simple horizontal motion discrimination task that engages the dorsal visual processing stream. METHODS: @entity1 included @entity1 with mild @entity303 with @entity1832 , @entity195 or @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ), without @entity303 with @entity191 , and normal controls. @entity1 indicated the left or right direction of coherently moving dots that were embedded within dynamic visual noise provided by randomly moving dots. The proportion of coherently moving dots was increased or decreased across trials to determine a threshold at which @entity1 could correctly indicate their direction with greater than 80% accuracy. RESULTS: Motion discrimination thresholds of @entity1 with @entity1832 and @entity3602 were comparable and significantly higher (i.e., worse) than those of @entity1 with @entity195 . The thresholds of @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity1 with @entity191 were normal. These results were confirmed in subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with autopsy-confirmed disease. A motion discrimination threshold greater than 0.23 distinguished between @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with 67% sensitivity and 85% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51 in detecting direction of simple horizontal motion suggest that dorsal processing stream dysfunction is greater in @entity1832 and @entity3602 than in @entity195 . Therefore, impaired performance on simple visual motion discrimination tasks that specifically engage occipitoparietal brain regions suggests the presence of Lewy body pathology.

title: Motion discrimination in @entity1832 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson disease', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Differential deficits']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'AD dementia', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform sentinel node with local anaesthesia in the @entity0 without frozen section. So we used definitive histological and immunohistochemical results of sentinel node the day of conserving surgery with complete axillary lymph node dissection under general anaesthesia in case of involved nodes. METHODS: @entity1 with a stage TNM > T1 or N1, a @entity0 , a neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an @entity566 , an @entity28 or no detection of hot sentinel node were excluded. @entity1 in ambulatory surgery had scintigraphy 3 hours after injection of radiotracer. If we had a hot sentinel node, we applied Emla 5% cream on the areolar and axillary site and gave @entity1363 . We performed an intradermal injection of 2 ml of @entity3303 with @entity5 and in the subareolar site in case of non-palpable @entity5 . With the same needle, we injected 2 ml of blue dye. We injected so 2 ml of @entity3303 with @entity1425 in the axillary hot spot. We completed local anaesthesia with 16 ml of @entity3303 with adrenaline step by step on the route that intraoperative gamma probe showed us. RESULTS: We performed 17 @entity1 (52.6 years [38-62]; body mass index = 23.7 [20-34.1], size of @entity5 = 10.8 mm [1-25]). We detected 100% of sentinel node. We had a secondary haematoma which was evacuated. CONCLUSION: Perform sentinel node under local anaesthesia is possible for @entity1 with no @entity28 but radio tracer is absolutely necessary.

title: [Sentinel-node biopsy in axillary lymph-node staging under local anaesthesia in XXXX : technical aspect].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'multicentric breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'adrenaline above cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['xylocaine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Introduction and Objective. In the last decades, large-scale @entity1707 production has led to intensive rearing systems in which air quality can be easily degraded by aerial contaminants that can pose a health risk to the @entity1707 and farm workers. This study evaluated the effects of fogging disinfectant procedure on productive performance, @entity3265 and dust concentration, aerobic bacteria and fungal spores spreading in the farrowing-weaning room. Materials and Method. This trial was conducted in 2 identical farrowing-weaning rooms of a piggery. In both rooms, 30 pregnant sows were lodged in individual cages. At 75 days of age, the piglets were moved to the fattening room. In the treated room, with the birth of the first suckling- @entity1707 , the fogging disinfection with diluted Virkon S was applied once a day in the experimental room per 15 minutes at 11:00. The fogging disinfectant treatment was switched between rooms at the end of the first trial period. Temperature, relative humidity, dust (TSP-RF fractions and number of particles), @entity3265 concentration and aerial contaminants (enterococci, Micrococcaeae and fungal spores) were monitored in both rooms. Results. @entity3265 concentration reduction induced by fogging disinfection was estimated 18%, total suspended particles and the respirable fraction were significantly lower in the experimental room. Fungal spores resulted in a significant reduction by the fogging procedure, together with dust respirable fraction and fine particulate matter abatement. Conclusions. The fogging disinfection procedure improved air quality in the piggery, thereby enhancing workers and animals health.

title: Effects of disinfectant fogging procedure on dust, XXXX concentration, aerobic bacteria and fungal spores in a farrowing-weaning room.

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: The occurrence of antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and to single-stranded DNA (anti-ssDNA) was investigated in 51 @entity1 with @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ), and in 25 matched control subjects. In comparison with controls, the prevalence of anti-dsDNA was 74.5% in @entity1669 @entity1 (p=0.0001), 82.0% in 39 @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) (p=0.0001), and 50.0% in 12 euthyroid @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ) @entity1 (p=0.0001). The prevalence of anti-ssDNA was 90.1% in @entity1669 (94.8% in @entity2743 and 75% in @entity2621 ; p=0.001). The concentration of both anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA were higher (p=0.002) in @entity1669 , in @entity2743 (p=0.001), and in @entity2621 (p=0.01) @entity1 than in controls. Two @entity1 with @entity1669 were identified as positive for ANA. RF was detected in 4 @entity1669 @entity1 . Positive correlation was noted between anti-dsDNA with T4 (p=0.001), T3 (p=0.002), thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) (p=0.0001), and TSH (p=0.001) values but not with thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg). Serum anti-ssDNA values were also correlated with T3 (p=0.0001), TSH (p=0.003), and anti-TPO (p=0.0001). However, by using a multiple regression analysis only anti-TPO remained associated with anti-dsDNA and both anti-Tg and anti-TPO with anti-ssDNA values. The predisposition to develop systemic @entity792 is not influenced by thyroid hormones. The elevated prevalence of serum anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA in @entity1669 @entity1 points out that we must be aware of the risk for predisposition for the development of other systemic @entity792 .

title: Association of circulating antibodies against double-stranded and single-stranded DNA with thyroid autoantibodies in @entity2743 and XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["hyperthyroid Graves' disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['HT', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid diseases', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: Minor elevations in urinary albumin excretion rate (Ualb.V) are likely to be associated with renal function loss and increased cardiovascular risk. Since urinary albumin excretion is affected by the @entity2124 (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity442 ) axis, we evaluated the effect of 6 months GH replacement (1U/day, n=8 and 2U/day, n=16) on urinary protein handling in 24 non-diabetic, normotensive @entity2338 adults (12 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ), of whom 8 @entity1 received placebo during 6 months, followed by active GH treatment. Plasma @entity442 increased from 11.4 (8.1-15.8) nmol/L (median, interquartile range) to 35.4 (22.3-44.1) nmol/L (p<0.001 versus change after placebo; median Z-score reached +0.2) after 6 months GH. and remained unaltered after placebo. Overnight Ualb.V was 4.0 (3.1-4.9) microg/min before and 4.6 (2.4-8.2) microg/min after GH (p>0.10). Likewise, urinary IgG excretion rate did not significantly change after GH (0.71 (0.52-1.20) microg/min before GH versus 0.80 (0.51-1.56) microg/min after GH; p>0.10). No significant changes were observed in @entity1011 clearance (p>0.10) and mean arterial pressure (p>0.10). No changes in any of these parameters were observed after placebo. Individual changes in Ualb.V were positively correlated with changes in plasma @entity442 (r(s)=0.41, p=0.05) and with changes in mean arterial pressure (r(s)=0.49, p<0.02). The present study shows that 6 months GH replacement, increasing plasma @entity442 within the physiological range, does not result in a clinically relevant increase in urinary protein excretion in @entity2338 adults. The correlation between changes in plasma @entity442 and in @entity633 supports the rationale to avoid supraphysiological @entity442 levels.

title: @entity2124 replacement does not elevate XXXX in @entity2338 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH-deficient']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: Limb-saving therapy for primary @entity5 is the treatment of choice. We aimed at analysing the quality of life of this group of @entity1 by combining three different tools. Eighty-seven @entity1 (46 females, 41 males) with a primary @entity5 of the extremity who had undergone endoprosthetic reconstruction between 1982 and 2000 were included in this retrospective study. The median age at the time of evaluation was 30 (12-73) years. The Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living index (RNL) were recorded an average of 5.8 years after reconstruction and the @entity5 Society Score (MSTS) after an average of 6.5 years. The mean MSTS score was 77% (13-93%). The mean TESS was 82% (22-99%), and the mean RNL index was 87% (32-98%). The subjective satisfaction and acceptance of physical impairment were significantly higher than the objective score (p < 0.001). The TESS was 88% in @entity1 aged 12-25 years, 81% in those aged 26-40 years and 57% in those aged 41-73 years. Parallel recording of the MSTS score, TESS and RNL index provides a better measure reflecting the complex situation of the @entity1 by combining objective and subjective parameters.

title: Functional outcome after endoprosthetic limb-salvage therapy of primary XXXX --a comparative analysis using the MSTS score, the TESS and the RNL index.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal Tumour', 'bone tumour', 'bone tumours']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bone tumours']