abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that maternal psychologic stress can increase the risk of @entity600 , including @entity601 ( @entity601 ). We examined whether maternal stress and lack of social support contribute to @entity1591 risk in a population living along the Texas-Mexico border. METHODS: Case mothers (N = 184) were Mexican-American @entity1 with @entity1591 -affected pregnancies who delivered during 1995 to 2000 in one of the 14 Texas counties bordering on Mexico. Control mothers (N = 225) were randomly selected from Mexican-American @entity1 residing in the same area and delivering normal live births. We measured maternal stress by tallying the number of job changes, residential moves, and major injuries occurring during the year before conception. Social support was measured using social integration and perceived emotional support scales. RESULTS: Mothers who experienced one or more stressful life events during the year before conception had increased risks for @entity601 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-4.7) compared with mothers experiencing no events. Mothers who scored low on emotional support had an elevated risk compared with those who scored high (OR = 4.6; CI = 2.2-9.7). Social support measures, such as network size and satisfaction, group interactions, and church attendance, were unrelated to @entity1591 risk. The estimated effects were not modified or confounded by age, education, country of birth, income, @entity28 , vitamin supplements, dietary @entity1501 , cigarette smoking, or @entity167 consumption. CONCLUSION: In this Mexican-American population, the occurrence of stressful life events was associated with @entity1591 risk. These findings suggest that stress may exacerbate risk in populations with poor nutritional status and meager economic resources.

title: Maternal stress, social support, and risk of XXXX among Mexican Americans.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['NTDs', 'neural tube defects']

answer: @entity601 :: (MESH:D009436,Disease) :: ['neural tube defects']


abstract: Swanson @entity1346 implant is the "gold standard" of metacarpophalangeal joint reconstruction in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 . However, durability problems of @entity1346 implants have led us to develop a new technique based on bioreconstructive implants. PLA96 (poly-L,D-lactide copolymer, L:D ratio of 96:4) scaffolds were engineered. Bioabsorption and substitution of porous PLA96 scaffold with living tissue eventually produce a neojoint. In the current prospective study, 23 @entity309 @entity1 (80 joints) were operated on, using PLA96 implants. Fifteen @entity1 (54 joints) have been monitored for at least 1 year. @entity158 alleviation was well achieved. Range of motion improvement was emphasized to extension direction of functional arc. The average ulnar deviation was preoperatively 26 degrees, and at follow-up it was 6 degrees. Volar subluxation was noticeable in 56% of joints preoperatively and in 6% at 1-year follow-up. This is the first report of the formation of a living, functional joint in situ by means of a synthetic bioreconstructive joint scaffold. Results of this preliminary short-term study are comparable with previously published data on @entity1346 arthroplasty. However, bioreconstructive prostheses can aid in preventing problems that occur with biostable prostheses. Tissue engineering has created a new era in the reconstruction of damaged joints.

title: Bioreconstructive joint scaffold implant arthroplasty in metacarpophalangeal joints: short-term results of a new treatment concept in @entity309 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with germ cell @entity5 of ovary were treated with 4 cycles of @entity900 , @entity1732 and @entity5713 ( @entity7297 ) chemotherapy (CT). All @entity1 had undergone prior surgery: hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + omentectomy-5, salpingo-oophorectomy + debulking surgery-10 and biopsy alone in 2 @entity1 . Four of seventeen @entity1 had relapsed earlier and received @entity7297 as second line therapy. FIGO staging revealed: stage IIB in one, III C in 12 and stage IV in 4 @entity1 . Gross @entity66 (> 2 cm) was present in 13 @entity1 . The most common cell types were @entity5 -5, immature teratoma-5, @entity1466 and @entity5 in one @entity1 each. Twelve @entity1 (70.5%) achieved significant response; complete response-11, partial response in one @entity1 . The common side effects of CT were @entity390 / @entity391 , myelosuppression, @entity221 , @entity33 , @entity294 and @entity1665 . One @entity1 died due to CT @entity137 . Three complete responders underwent second look surgery and were found free of disease. This study confirms that @entity7297 is an effective combination in the treatment of advanced and recurrent germ cell @entity5 of ovary and can be given over brief period. The @entity137 of the regimen is moderate.

title: @entity900 , @entity5713 and XXXX in advanced and relapsed germ cell @entity5 of ovary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['dysgerminoma-5, endodermal sinus tumour', 'tumours', 'mixed germ cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: Probiotics and prebiotics, alone or together (synbiotics), can influence the intestinal microbiota and modulate the immune response. They may therefore be tools that can prevent or alleviate certain pathologies involving the gut immune system, such as @entity566 for which no treatment is yet available. This review focuses first on the definitions of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics and key cells in the gut immune system. It then discusses their effects on mucosal immune stimulation. Experimental findings suggest that different probiotic species have similar effects on innate immunity by improving the mechanisms of pathogen destruction. On the contrary, their impacts seem to be variable on the adaptive immune system. Prebiotics can also exert an influence on the gut immune system via the stimulation of the autochthonous bacteria metabolism. Finally, this review focuses on the effects of food supplements on @entity566 . Different studies performed in @entity1 or rodents have supported a potential role for selected probiotics and prebiotics in reducing some @entity56 parameters. Probiotic effects on @entity566 treatment are unclear, especially in @entity1 studies. However, they are potentially effective at short-term for prevention when they are administered in perinatal conditions. A clinical study performed with an @entity1 cohort revealed a beneficial effect of prebiotics in preventing @entity56 manifestations at long-term. Further studies are nonetheless essential to confirm these findings. Food supplements offer potential tools for the prevention or treatment of @entity566 , but insufficient evidence is available at present to recommend their use in clinical practice.

title: Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: impact on the gut immune system and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5134 generates secondary metabolites and secreted enzymes and causes @entity580 and community acquired @entity5517 . Previous studies identified @entity1919 receptor protein, CRP, as an indirect inhibitor of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Here, we identified a putative two-component regulator that suppressed crp mutant phenotypes. Evidence supports that the putative response regulator, eepR, was directly transcriptionally inhibited by @entity268 -CRP. EepR and the putative sensor kinase, EepS, were necessary for biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, including prodigiosin and @entity40731 dependent phenotypes, swarming motility and @entity2142 . Recombinant EepR bound to the prodigiosin and @entity40731 promoters in vitro. Together these data introduce a novel regulator of secondary metabolites that directly connects the broadly conserved metabolism regulator CRP with biosynthetic genes that may contribute to competition with other microbes. IMPORTANCE: This study identifies a new transcription factor that is directly controlled by a broadly conserved transcription factor, CRP. The CRP protein is well studied in its role to help bacteria respond to the amount of nutrients in their environment. The new transcription factor, EepR, is essential for the bacterium @entity5134 to produce two biologically active compounds, prodigiosin and @entity40731 . These two compounds are antimicrobial and may allow the @entity5134 to compete for limited nutrients with other microorganisms. Together, this study ties together the CRP environmental nutrient sensor with a new regulator of antimicrobial compounds. Beyond microbial ecology, prodigiosin and @entity40731 have therapeutic potential; therefore, understanding their regulation is important for both applied and basic science.

title: @entity5134 XXXX -receptor protein controls transcription of EepR, a novel regulator of antimicrobial secondary metabolites.

entities_list: @entity5134 :: ('615', 'Species') :: ['Serratia marcescens', 'S. marcescens']

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infections']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic-AMP']

entities_list: @entity40731 :: ('MESH:C009246', 'Chemical') :: ['serratamolide']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['hospital infections']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

answer: @entity1919 :: (MESH:D000242,Chemical) :: ['cyclic AMP']


abstract: High prevalence of @entity565 and @entity5143 was observed during induction of anesthesia in @entity1 with @entity102 mMedia (CSOM) who underwent tympanomastoidectomy. Although several studies have proposed association of @entity56 with CSOM but no consensus about it has been established. Current study was designed to determine the coincidence of @entity565 in CSOM @entity1 . In a cross-sectional study, authors investigated medical records of 106 CSOM @entity1 underwent tympanomastoidectomy, aged 15 to 65 years, and 95 controls, which were matched by age and sex. @entity1 were admitted to Valiasr Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April of 2011 to March of 2013. Required information, such as demographic characteristics and history of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) and @entity565 were obtained from @entity1 ' medical records. The prevalence of @entity2023 in the CSOM group was higher than controls' group (19.8% and 15.8%, respectively) (P>0.05). @entity565 prevalence was significantly higher in @entity1 with CSOM (P=0.03) (OR=7.67, 95% CI:   0.9-62.5). No significant association was found between history of @entity2023 and @entity281 . However, @entity565 was significantly more common in CSOM @entity1 . Current study indicates that @entity565 and risk of @entity5143 need particular attention in @entity1 with CSOM underwent tympanomastoidectomy before and during anesthesia.

title: Coincidence of @entity565 and XXXX during Anesthesia in Tympanomastoidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic suppurative otitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ear infections']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

answer: @entity5143 :: (MESH:D001986,Disease) :: ['Bronchospasm']


abstract: Biomarkers predicting for the radiation-induced lung responses of @entity55 or @entity82 are largely unknown. Herein we investigated whether markers of oxidative stress and intracellular antioxidants, measured within days of radiation exposure, are correlated with the lung tissue injury response occurring weeks later. @entity19 of the eight inbred strains differing in their susceptibility to radiation-induced @entity3794 , and in the duration of asymptomatic survival, received 18 Gy whole thorax irradiation and were killed 6 h, 24 h, or 7 days later. Control @entity19 were not irradiated. Lung levels of antioxidants @entity224 dismutase, @entity5533 , @entity2041 peroxidase (GPx), and @entity2041 , and of oxidative damage [reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and @entity7599 ( @entity7599 )], were biochemically determined. GPx was additionally measured through gene expression and immunohistochemical assessment of lung tissue, and activity in serum. ROS and @entity7599 were increased postirradiation and exhibited significant strain and time-dependent variability, but were not strongly predictive of radiation-induced @entity358 . Antioxidant measures were not dramatically changed postirradiation and varied significantly among the strains. Basal GPx activity (r = 0.73, P = 0.04) in the lung and the pulmonary expression of @entity52483 (r = 0.94, P = 0.0003) correlated with postirradiation asymptomatic survival, whereas serum GPx activity was inversely correlated (r = -0.80, P = 0.01) with @entity82 development. In conclusion, pulmonary oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were more affected by inbred strain than radiation over 7 days posttreatment. Lung GPx activity, and @entity52483 expression, predicted for survival from lethal @entity55 , and serum GPx for @entity82 , in this panel of @entity19 .

title: Basal levels of @entity2041 peroxidase correlate with onset of radiation induced @entity358 in inbred XXXX strains.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ['8-OHdG', '8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Paralysis of the @entity2096 secondary to compression by a @entity1410 of the iliopsoas is rarely post-traumatic. The acute surgical removal of @entity1410 seems the treatment of choice. The main objective of this systematic review was to determine the optimal delay between the @entity130 and surgery, to obtain a total functional recovery. METHODS: A search was performed via PubMed. The inclusion criteria were the studies in English language, reporting the results of the treatment of @entity2096 palsy secondary to compression by a post-traumatic @entity1410 of the iliopsoas. The primary evaluation criterion was the clinical recovery of @entity2096 function. The secondary criteria were the delay of recovery and the delay between the @entity130 and surgery. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were identified, only case reports. Sixteen @entity1 were included, mean age 16.6      3.4  years, 11 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . The injury was associated with the sports practice in 12/16 (75  %) cases. @entity16 developed about 5  days after injury. Femoral palsy was complete in 8 @entity1 and partial in 8 @entity1 . The mean delay between the injury and the diagnosis was 7.3 (2-25) days in conservative group and 17.8 (4-45) days in surgical group. Seven @entity1 were managed conservatively, 6 partial @entity912 and 1 total @entity912 , and 9 surgically, 7 total @entity912 and 2 partial @entity912 . The recovery was total in 13/14 @entity1 (seven surgical treatment and six conservative management) and partial in one @entity1 who was managed conservatively despite a total @entity912 . The delay of total recovery varied from 1  month to 6  weeks in conservative group and 3  months to 2  years in surgical group. CONCLUSION: This systematic review seems to indicate that whatever the delay, surgery is necessary in case of complete @entity912 of the @entity2096 secondary to compression from a post-traumatic @entity1410 of the iliopsoas muscle. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: Systematic review of Level-V Studies.

title: Complete @entity912 of the quadriceps secondary to post-traumatic iliopsoas XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1410 :: (MESH:D006406,Disease) :: ['hematoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Consumption of n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) has a favourable impact on @entity32 and @entity65 . However, the Western diet is characterized by a low n-3 @entity5204 intake and an imbalance in the n-6/n-3 @entity5204 ratio. Study the effect 10-week of diet modification to decrease the n-6/n-3 @entity5204 ratio on cardiovascular risk factors and resting energy expenditure. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Ten-week dietary intervention in 17 healthy subjects. Dietary intake, @entity1717 , indirect calorimetry, lipid profile, hormones, inflammatory markers and erythrocyte membrane @entity844 composition were recorded before and at the end of the intervention. Comparisons are between baseline and post-treatment levels. RESULTS: Dietary records of the @entity4722 / @entity7461 ratio (baseline: 32.2 (s.d. 3.7) vs post-intervention: 2.2 (s.d. 0.1), P<0.0001) and erythrocyte membrane @entity844 composition reflected good compliance. Dietary intervention was associated with significant reductions in @entity310 (baseline: 2.2 (s.d. 0.3), post-intervention: 1.5 (s.d. 0.3) pg/ml, P=0.01) and low-density lipoprotein- @entity165 (baseline: 2.5 (s.d. 0.2), post-intervention: 2.3 (s.d. 0.1) mmol/l, P=0.03) and increased @entity1254 (baseline: 6.5 (s.d. 0.7), post-intervention: 7.6 (s.d. 0.6) microg/ml, P=0.02). Fasting lipid oxidation was increased (baseline: 0.7 (s.d. 0.1), post-intervention: 0.9 (s.d. 0.1) mg/kg x min, P=0.01), whereas @entity413 oxidation decreased in both fasting (baseline: 1.6 (s.d. 0.1), post-intervention: 1.3 (s.d. 0.1) mg/kg x min, P=0.02) and hyperinsulinaemic conditions (baseline: 3.6 (s.d. 0.1), post-intervention: 3.3 (s.d. 0.1) mg/kg x min, P=0.04). Insulin sensitivity was not affected by the intervention. CONCLUSION: A decreased n-6/n-3 @entity5204 ratio can be achieved with simple dietary counselling, resulting in multiple, potentially favourable effects on the metabolic and inflammatory profiles.

title: Nutritional intervention to reduce the n-6/n-3 @entity844 ratio increases XXXX concentration and @entity844 oxidation in healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1717 :: ('MESH:D044903', 'Disease') :: ['euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity7461 :: ('MESH:D017962', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is associated with increased morbidity in @entity656 ( @entity656 ). There is limited information regarding the predisposing factors, Candida species distribution and in vitro susceptibility. METHODOLOGY: Current data have been derived from a larger prospective nonintervention study conducted on 200 critically ill @entity1 which was done to study the antifungal prescription practices, collect epidemiological data, and perform an external validation of risk prediction models for @entity3 under senior research associateship program of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi. Of these critically ill @entity1 , thirty had @entity656 and were included for analysis. RESULTS: There were 23 males and 7 females. Out of eight @entity1 (27%) who developed @entity3 , three had @entity4963 , two had isolated @entity7553 while three had both @entity4963 and @entity7553 . @entity656 @entity1 with @entity3 had a longer duration of Intensive Care Unit stay, hospital stay, days on mechanical ventilation and duration of shock. Mortality was not different between @entity656 @entity1 with or without @entity3 . CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of @entity6923 in @entity656 . More studies are needed to generate epidemiological data and develop antifungal stewardship in this subset of high-risk population.

title: XXXX in Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Experience from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6923 :: ('MESH:C536777', 'Disease') :: ['Candida infection']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['SAP', 'severe acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4963 :: ('MESH:D058387', 'Disease') :: ['candidemia', 'isolated candidemia']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['deep-seated candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive candidiasis', 'IC']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive Candidiasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: True @entity566 to local anesthetics, especially @entity3303 , is uncommon. Most adverse reactions to this group of medications are classified as psychomotor, autonomic or toxic. In the case of suspected @entity56 to local anesthetics, skin testing is considered to be a useful tool - patch tests and intradermal tests for delayed @entity56 and skin prick tests and intradermal tests for immediate reactions. There is a particular need for such a diagnostic procedure, as @entity1 suspected of @entity56 to local anesthetic drugs are frequently admitted. AIM: To highlight the problem of @entity56 to local anesthetics on the basis of authors' own experience and literature data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present cases of 5 @entity1 referred to the clinic by their dentists with a suspicion of @entity566 to local anesthetics, four to @entity3303 and 1 to @entity21456 . RESULTS: Intradermal tests were positive in 1 out of 5 subjects, with a concomitant episode of @entity110 . In 1 @entity1 we obtained a doubtful result of intradermal tests. Skin prick tests and patch tests were negative in all cases. In 2 cases we performed an incremental challenge test also with a negative result. CONCLUSIONS: It has to be emphasized that, although rare, consequences of true @entity566 to local anesthetics can be serious considering a @entity1 's future management and therapy. That is why this diagnosis may be crucial.

title: Allergy to @entity3303 injections: comparison of XXXX history with skin testing in five @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity21456 :: ('MESH:D002355', 'Chemical') :: ['articaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New definitions for @entity295 and the @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ) have been established. Comparatively little is known, however, about the types of @entity1 who will be included within these new definitions. OBJECTIVES: To determine what is--and what is not--known about the epidemiology and natural history of severe @entity295 and @entity1850 . DESIGN: A comparative analysis of @entity1 characteristics in the @entity1667 , Veterans Administration Systemic Sepsis, HA-1A, and E5 studies. RESULTS: At least 15% of @entity1 in these studies had no documented @entity281 ; the proportion of all @entity1 with severe @entity1850 and no documented @entity281 is probably higher. Even among @entity1 with presumed @entity281 , less than half had @entity2259 , and only about half had gram-negative @entity281 . The difference in the mean mortality rate of the combined studies at 14 days was 26%, while at 1 month it was 42%. Gram-negative @entity295 and gram-positive @entity295 seem to have similar mortality rates. Whether shock increases 30-day mortality is unclear. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with severe @entity1850 should not be assumed to have gram-negative @entity281 ; furthermore, data derived from studies of @entity1 with gram-negative @entity281 should be applied cautiously to all @entity1 with @entity1850 . Studies of @entity1 with @entity295 or @entity1850 should include at least a 1-month follow-up if mortality is an end point. More consistent definitions of these disorders should permit more effective comparisons across studies.

title: Toward an epidemiology and natural history of XXXX ( @entity1850 )

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infection or shock']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity1850 :: (MESH:D018746,Disease) :: ['SIRS']


abstract: The use of @entity6701 nanoparticles (nano- @entity3759 ) for the degradation of @entity5979 ( @entity318 ) increases the risk of exposure to trace nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 mixtures. The interaction of @entity318 and nano- @entity3759 at low concentrations may alter toxic response relative to nano- @entity3759 or @entity318 alone. In this work, the combined genotoxicity of trace nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 on @entity1 embryo L-02 hepatocytes without photoactivation was studied. Nano- @entity3759 (0.1 g/L) was mixed with 0.01-1 mmol/L @entity318 to determine adsorption isotherms. L-02 cells were exposed to different levels of @entity318 (0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mumol/L) and nano- @entity3759 (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 microg/mL) respectively. The adsorption of @entity318 by nano- @entity3759 was approximately 0.3 mmol/g. Cell viability, apoptosis, and DNA double strand breaks were similar among all test groups. Nano- @entity3759 alone (0.01-1 microg/mL) increased the levels of oxidative stress and oxidative DNA adducts ( @entity7599 ), but it did not induce DNA breaks or chromosome damage. Addition of trace nano- @entity3759 with trace @entity318 synergistically enhanced genotoxicity via increasing oxidative stress, oxidative DNA adducts, DNA breaks, and chromosome damage in L-02 cells. Low concentrations of nano- @entity3759 and @entity318 increased oxidativestress by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) formation and lipid oxidation. Oxidative stress is a major pathway for DNA and chromosome damage. Dose-dependent synergistic genotoxicity induced by combined exposure of trace @entity318 and nano- @entity3759 suggests a potential environmental risk of nano- @entity3759 assisted photocatalysis.

title: Synergistic genotoxicity caused by low concentration of @entity6701 nanoparticles and XXXX in @entity1 hepatocytes.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5979 :: ('CHEBI:16130', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane']

answer: @entity318 :: (MESH:D003634,Chemical) :: ['p,p'-DDT']


abstract: Serum levels of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDG) and @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) were measured in 164 and 128 @entity1 with @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), respectively. High levels of LDG were recordable in 15.4% of @entity1 at diagnosis and 36.8% of terminal stage @entity1 . The frequency of extraosseous foci in untreated @entity1 with high LDG activity made up 36.8%, survival median 19 months. In normal LDG activity the above values were 6.8% and more than 36 months, respectively. The highest LDG level occurred in @entity1 with @entity8624 . @entity1582 with IgD secretion was characterized by a a more frequent rise in LDG concentrations. Normal LDG amounts in active @entity1582 were seen in 58 (54.2%) out of 107 @entity1 . @entity2263 -MG levels exceeded 6 mg/l in 75 of 128 @entity1 with normal @entity1011 . These @entity1 had a short survival median 24 months. Those @entity1 who had @entity2263 -MG levels under 6 mg/l have not reached survival median for 36 months of follow-up. The authors hold that @entity2262 concentrations are of prognostic value in all @entity1582 secretions and in @entity1582 as well though their indications are not absolute as 14% had low @entity2262 levels in high @entity1582 activity. Comparative results are presented for 40 high-risk @entity1582 @entity1 . Group 1 (20 @entity1 ) have received standard chemotherapy. Group 2 (20 @entity1 ) have undergone intensive polychemotherapy. Survival median made up 12 and 26 months for group 1 and 2, respectively.

title: [The significance of @entity880 dehydrogenase and XXXX levels for the assessment of the prognosis and choice of therapy in @entity1582 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2-MG', 'beta 2-microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'nonsecretory myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity8624 :: ('MESH:D015448', 'Disease') :: ['terminal plasmic cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2262 :: (567,Gene) :: ['beta 2-microglobulin']


abstract: This paper describes the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) system for survival prediction from @entity320 . The system used artificial neural networks (ANNs) with five input parameters: coronal and sagittal @entity5 location, anterior @entity5 margin, largest basal @entity5 diameter and the cell type. After excluding records with missing data, 2331 @entity1 were included in the study. These were split randomly into training and test sets. Date censorship was applied to the records to deal with @entity1 who were lost to follow-up and @entity1 who died from general causes. Bayes theorem was then applied to the ANN output to construct survival probability curves. A validation set with 34 @entity1 unseen to both training and test sets was used to compare the AI system with Cox's regression (CR) and Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses. Results showed large differences in the mean 5 year survival probability figures when the number of records with matching characteristics was small. However, as the number of matches increased to > 100 the system tended to agree with CR and KM. The validation set was also used to compare the system with a clinical expert in predicting time to metastatic death. The rms error was 3.7 years for the system and 4.3 years for the clinical expert for 15 years survival. For < 10 years survival, these figures were 2.7 and 4.2, respectively. We concluded that the AI system can match if not better the clinical expert's prediction. There were significant differences with CR and KM analyses when the number of records was small, but it was not known which model is more accurate.

title: Modelling survival after treatment of XXXX using artificial neural networks and Bayes theorem.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['intraocular melanoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity661 represents an intermittent @entity1002 with a ballooning of the left ventricular apical myocardium without significant @entity453 . Precise epidemiological data are not yet available. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed 16,989 cases with diagnostic angiographies in our catheter laboratory from January 2001 until December 2004 for intermittent @entity661 . Thirty-two (0.2%) @entity1 were included (50% of all cases presented in 2004, 50% of all cases during the summer months). Twenty-nine (91%) were female, median age was 67.5 years. Fourteen @entity1 (44%) were known to have @entity1030 or @entity565 . Thirteen @entity1 (41%) reported an acute stressful event prior to onset of symptoms. Twenty-five (78%) of the @entity1 presented with clinical signs of an @entity1187 with positive troponin T in 20 (63%) @entity1 . Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 42.5%. Follow-up data of 30 @entity1 (94%) could be obtained; median follow-up time is 6 months. Two @entity1 died during follow-up ( @entity5 ; unknown cause). Echocardiography was performed in 26 (81%) @entity1 ; median ejection fraction was 70%. CONCLUSION: Tako-tsubo-like @entity296 might be considered a differential diagnosis for @entity1187 especially in elderly @entity1 . Chronic @entity358 may be associated with a higher risk. The reason for the increasing number of cases during the last year is not clear; however, the tendency for early angiography in @entity1187 may have contributed. The reason for the accumulation of cases during the summer months is also not yet understood.

title: Transient XXXX in a community hospital in Germany.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular apical ballooning', 'Tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['left ventricular apical ballooning']


abstract: Propolis is the resinous material that @entity5157 gather from leaf buds, flowers and vegetables. Propolis extracts contain constituents with a broad spectra of pharmacological properties and are important ingredients of popular dietary supplements. Propolis extracts were evaluated in vitro for inhibition of recombinant @entity1 @entity11926 and @entity11927 . The @entity1044 extract of propolis showed potent inhibition of @entity1 @entity11926 and @entity11927 . Further fractionation identified the most active fractions as rich in @entity3088 . @entity47593 and @entity15476 were identified as the principal MAO-inhibitory constituents. Inhibition of @entity11926 by @entity47593 was about 36 times more selective than @entity11927 , while @entity15476 selectivity for @entity11926 vs. @entity11927 was about 1.7 fold. @entity15476 inhibited @entity11927 significantly more potently than @entity47593 . @entity47593 and @entity15476 were further evaluated for kinetic characteristics and the mechanism for the enzymes' inhibition. Binding of @entity47593 and @entity15476 with @entity57417 was not time-dependent and was reversible, as suggested by enzyme-inhibitor binding and dissociation-dialysis assay. The inhibition kinetics studies suggested that @entity47593 and @entity15476 inhibited @entity57417 by a competitive mechanism. Presence of prominent MAO inhibitory constituents in propolis products suggests their potential for eliciting pharmacological effects that might be useful in @entity308 or other @entity16 . The results may also have important implications in drug-dietary supplement interactions.

title: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitory Constituents of Propolis: Kinetics and Mechanism of Inhibition of Recombinant XXXX @entity11926 and @entity11927 .

entities_list: @entity47593 :: ('MESH:C037032', 'Chemical') :: ['Galangin', 'galangin']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity15476 :: ('MESH:D047310', 'Chemical') :: ['apigenin', 'Apigenin']

entities_list: @entity11926 :: ('4128', 'Gene') :: ['monoamine oxidase (MAO)-A', 'MAO-A']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While astrocytes are recognised to play a central role in repair processes following @entity64 , at this stage we do not have a clear understanding of how these cells are engaged during the chronic recovery phase. Accordingly, the principal aim of this study was to undertake a quantitative multi-regional investigation of astrocytes throughout the recovery process. Specifically, we have induced @entity432 using cold-light photothrombotic occlusion of the somatosensory/motor cortex in adult male C57B6 @entity19 . Four weeks following occlusion we collected, processed, and immunolabelled tissue using an antibody directed at the @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ), an astrocyte specific cytoskeletal protein marker. We investigated @entity9327 changes in 13 regions in both the contra- and ipsi-lateral hemispheres from control and occluded animals. Specifically, we examined the infra-limbic (A24a), pre-limbic (A25), anterior cingulate (A32), motor (M1 and M2) cortices, the forceps minor fibre tract, as well the shell of the accumbens, thalamus, cingulate cortex (A29c), hippocampus ( @entity60471 ) and @entity2339 . Tissue from occluded animals was compared against sham treated controls. We have identified that the focal occlusion produced significant astrogliosis (p  <  0.05), as defined by a marked elevation in @entity9327 expression, within all 13 sites assessed within the ipsilateral (lesioned) hemisphere. We further observed significant increases in @entity9327 expression (p  <  0.05) in 9 of the 13 contralesional sites examined. This work underscores that both the ipsilateral and contralesional hemispheres, at sites distal to the @entity1188 , are very active many weeks after the initial occlusion, a finding that potentially has significant implications for understanding and improving the regeneration of the damaged brain.

title: XXXX Induces Persistent Ipsilateral and Contralateral Astrogliosis in Key Cognitive Control Nuclei.

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['lateral hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['experimental vascular occlusion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Photothrombotic Stroke']


abstract: Previous research on @entity4222 and gendered career outcomes centers on couples and rarely examines the reason for the move. The implicit assumption is usually that households migrate in response to job opportunities. Based on a two-year panel from the Current Population Survey, this article uses stated reasons for geographic mobility to compare earnings outcomes among job migrants, family migrants, and quality-of-life migrants by gender and family status. We further assess the impact of @entity4222 on couples' internal household economy. The effects of job-related moves that we find are reduced substantially in the fixed-effects models, indicating strong selection effects. Married @entity1 who moved for family reasons experience significant and @entity810 . Consistent with conventional models of @entity4222 , we find that household earnings and income and gender specialization increase following job @entity4222 . Married @entity1 who are secondary earners have increased odds of reducing their labor supply following @entity4222 for job or family reasons. However, we also find that migrating @entity1 who contributed as equals to the household economy before the move are no more likely than nonmigrant @entity1 to exit work or to work part-time. Equal breadwinner status may protect @entity1 from becoming tied movers.

title: Different reasons, different results: implications of XXXX by gender and family status.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['substantial earnings declines']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: A compound may be "developmentally @entity2359 " because it interferes with a metabolic step exclusively or preferentially expressed during development in a particular class of neural cells. The initial metabolic specificity is often complicated by: (1) secondary responses in the affected cells, (2) involvement of other functionally-related cell types, and (3) the presence of compensatory and/or regenerative responses. In this context we study tellurium, which systemically blocks @entity165 biosynthesis at the @entity24288 epoxidase step. Because of the high demand in developing peripheral nerves for newly synthesized @entity165 required for myelin assembly, this @entity209 leads to @entity17 . This insult is confounded by the fact that the myelin-forming Schwann cells do not upregulate their @entity165 biosynthetic pathway. This is contrary to expectations; liver (the main source of @entity165 for many tissues outside the nervous system) upregulates synthesis of @entity165 and overcomes the @entity209 . The shortage of @entity165 in Schwann cells results in an immediate secondary response down-regulation of steady-state mRNA levels for specific myelin proteins. Remyelination occurs after cessation of tellurium exposure. This model of @entity17 allows study of Schwann-cell specific responses during the processes of myelin breakdown and subsequent steps leading to remyelination, without the complications of @entity528 and regeneration. Because @entity52936 specifically blocks the synthesis of a major required membrane component, it is also well suited for examining the coordinate control of membrane synthesis and assembly at the genomic level.

title: Gene expression during tellurium-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination of the sciatic nerve', 'primary demyelination']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic block']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity52936 :: ('MESH:D013691', 'Chemical') :: ['tellurium']

answer: @entity17 :: (MESH:D003711,Disease) :: ['primary demyelination']


abstract: @entity349 has been recognized as an industrial hazard that adversely affects male reproductive systems of @entity1 and animals. However, less information is available concerning the underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of @entity10552 . The present study investigated the possible involvement of oxidative stress to induce oxidative deterioration of testicular functions in adult @entity35 . @entity35 male @entity35 (n=132) were continuously exposed to @entity3143 at 0, 50 and 100 ppm during 90 days through oral administration in the drinking water. @entity349 exposure for 90 days resulted in an increase in the absolute and relative wet weight of the testis and a decrease in the absolute and relative wet weight of the accessory sex glands, with respect to the matched control. Marked perturbation in @entity251 serum level was also detected during the treatment for the treated groups. Cauda epididymal sperm count/motility decreased significantly in the @entity349 -treated group and qualitative examination of testicular sections revealed a fewer mature luminal spermatozoa in comparison to the control. When the @entity349 -treated males were mated with normal cyclic females, @entity349 exposure resulted in a decline of the reproductive performance of male @entity35 . These effects were associated with a significant increase in @entity349 content of testes and blood in time-dependent and dose-dependent fashion, respectively. The @entity3143 treatment was associated with oxidative stress. Evidence of induction of oxidative stress was obtained in terms of perturbations in antioxidant defense and a significant dose-dependent increase in the testicular lipid peroxidation as a consequence of pro-oxidant exposure. Taken together, the results suggest that an increase in free radical formation relative to loss of antioxidant defense system after @entity349 exposure may render testis more susceptible to oxidative damage leading to their functional inactivation.

title: Testicular toxicity in XXXX treated @entity35 : association with oxidative stress.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury', 'mercury']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male reproductive dysfunction']

answer: @entity3143 :: (MESH:D008627,Chemical) :: ['mercuric chloride']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although a higher maternal body mass index is associated with @entity600 , it is unclear whether excess gestational @entity1017 (GWG) or @entity28 drives increased risk. We and others have shown that the placenta harbors microbiota, which is significantly different among preterm births. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether the preterm placental microbiome varies by virtue of @entity28 or alternately by excess GWG. STUDY DESIGN: Placentas (n  = 320) were collected from term and preterm pregnancies. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to metagenomic sequencing. Data were analyzed by clinical covariates that included the 2009 Institute of Medicine's GWG guideline and @entity28 . RESULTS: Analysis of 16S recombinant RNA-based metagenomics revealed no clustering of the microbiome by virtue of @entity28 (P  =  .161). Among @entity1 who spontaneously delivered preterm, there was again no clustering by @entity28 (P  = .480), but there was significant clustering by excess GWG (P  = .022). Moreover, among preterm births, detailed analysis identified microbial genera (family and genus level) and bacterial metabolic gene pathways that varied among pregnancies with excess GWG. Notably, excess GWG was associated with decreased microbial folate biosynthesis pathways and decreased butanoate metabolism (linear discriminate analysis, >3.0-fold). CONCLUSION: Although there were no significant alterations in the microbiome by virtue of @entity28 per se, excess GWG was associated with an altered microbiome and its metabolic profile among those @entity1 who experienced a @entity600 .

title: The preterm placental microbiome varies in association with excess maternal gestational XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1455 and @entity1167 are common, lethal, debilitating and costly. Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass is an innovative strategy for treating these disorders that consists of rapid initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal maintenance of circulation until restoration of an effective cardiac output. Multiple case reports suggest that percutaneous bypass is efficacious in @entity1 with these disorders but these experiences have not been collated. Therefore, we have reviewed systematically the published experience with percutaneous bypass in @entity1 with @entity1455 or @entity1167 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to describe the proportion of @entity1 with @entity1455 or @entity1167 who achieved restoration of spontaneous circulation or survival to discharge with percutaneous bypass. A secondary objective was to describe adverse effects associated with percutaneous bypass, if feasible. DESIGN: Articles were identified by using a comprehensive search of English-language MEDLINE from 1966 to September 2005. @entity1 : Individuals in @entity1455 or @entity1167 . INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass. ANALYSIS: Effects were summarized as inverse-variance weighted means, standard errors, median and interquartile range. RESULTS: Included were 85 studies of 1494 @entity1 with @entity1455 , @entity1167 or both. Studies were case reports, case-series or case-control studies of heterogeneous interventions in heterogeneous @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 weaned was mean, 76.8+/-4.2%, and median, 66.0% (IQR 50%, 100%). The proportion of @entity1 who survived to discharge was mean, 47.4+/-4.5%, and median 40.0% (IQR 20%, 75%). Fifty-two studies included 533 @entity1 in @entity1455 . The proportion of @entity1 who survived to discharge was mean, 51.6+/-6.5%, and median 38.5% (IQR 23.4%, 76.3%). Fifty-four studies included 675 @entity1 in @entity1167 . The proportion of @entity1 who survived to discharge was mean, 44.9+/-6.7%, and median, 42.3% (IQR 15.4%, 75%). Five studies with 286 subjects had both @entity1 with @entity1455 or @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous bypass is an efficacious intervention in @entity1 with @entity1167 or @entity1455 . Adequately-powered experimental studies of current percutaneous bypass technologies are required to demonstrate whether it is safe, effective and cost-effective.

title: Systematic review of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass for @entity1167 or XXXX states.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiogenic shock', 'cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recurrent @entity2208 (RSA) is a multi-factor disease. The @entity1 target of the the @entity3446 ( @entity19213 ) gene has been reported to be involved in @entity19 embryo development and regulates the proliferation of embryonic stem cells. Our study explored the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity58739 in the promoter region of @entity19213 gene and the development of RSA. A total of 306 @entity1 with RSA and 127 healthy females as the controls were recruited in the case-control study. The predesigned TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay was adopted to analyze the association between @entity58739 and the development of RSA. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to analyze the function of the variant. It was found that a significant association exists between the variant and the risk of RSA among the @entity1 who experienced no less than three spontaneous @entity5852 (p   =   0.043). However, the significant difference disappeared among the total samples (p   =   0.524). Furthermore, we observed lower @entity19213 mRNA levels in the blood of RSA @entity1 compared with healthy females (p   =   0.020). The luciferase reporter assay showed that the rs17027478A allele significantly reduced the luciferase activity (p   =   0.029). The results demonstrated that the variant @entity58739 in the promoter region of @entity19213 might be a good candidate responsible for the pathogenesis of RSA. Abbreviations RSA recurrent @entity2208 @entity19213 @entity1 target of @entity3446 SNP single nucleotide polymorphism qRT-PCR quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction URSA unexplained recurrent @entity2208 @entity13407 @entity3470 complex 1 ESC embryonic stem cells HKE-293 @entity1 embryonic kidney 293 cells HWE Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ANOVA one-way analysis of variance.

title: A single nucleotide polymorphism in the @entity19213 gene is associated with recurrent XXXX in the Chinese female population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['spontaneous abortion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 861 Background: @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity5 deaths throughout the world. Cytotoxic chemotherapy including @entity8253 is the main stay of the treatment of the @entity0 . However, the resistance is an important problem for the most of the @entity1 . Various prognostic factors have been studied to determine the @entity5948 resistance and prognosis. In this preliminary study, we aimed to assess the relation of serum telomerase activity with the response to @entity8253 and role of the serum enzyme activity as a prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: Nineteen chemo naive @entity1 with @entity0 were included. The first line chemotherapy regimens included the standard doses of @entity23974 plus @entity786 in 14 @entity1 , @entity786 , @entity1487 and @entity23974 in 4 and @entity786 , @entity1487 and @entity13010 in 1 patient. Serum telomerase activity was measured before chemotherapy and every 2 cycles thereafter by using a PCR-ELISA trap assay. ER/PR, @entity1722 expression of @entity5 tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The median age was 47 years. The overall response rate was 57.9%. Half of the @entity1 have ER/PR and 44.4% have erb-B2 positive @entity5 . The rate of serum telomerase positivity was 39.5%. Though not significant the @entity1 without erb-B2 expression or non-detectable serum telomerase activity has tended to have better response rates when compared to positive ones (83.3%, P=0.177 and 83.3%, P=0.206, respectively). Though not significant, the patients without serum telomerase have better 1-year survival rate when compared to positive ones (62.5% vs. 47.6%, P=0.350). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the results of the c current preliminary study shows that serum telomerase activity could be detected in the sera of the @entity5 @entity1 and detectable serum levels could be a poor prognostic factor for response to the @entity5948 containing regimens and prognosis in @entity1 with @entity0 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: The prognostic role of serum telomerase activity in @entity0 receiving XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity23974 :: ('CHEBI:28748', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity13010 :: ('CHEBI:47898', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity8253 :: (MESH:D018943,Chemical) :: ['anthracyclines']


abstract: What is already known about this subject? The naturally occurring @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) markedly protects rodents against @entity131 , suggesting it may be of therapeutic value. When administered intravenously to @entity1 soon after @entity64 , @entity1193 is safe and reduces the peripheral inflammatory response. However, @entity1193 is a large protein (17 kDa), which may limit brain penetration, thereby limiting its potential utility in @entity1545 . What this study adds. The purpose of these experiments was to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity1193 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 , to allow modelling that would aid development of therapeutic regimens. Peripherally administered @entity1193 crosses slowly into and out of the CSF of @entity1 with @entity510 and, at steady state, CSF @entity1193 concentration (range 115-886 ng ml(-1)) was similar to that found to be neuroprotective in @entity35 (range 91-232 ng ml(-1)), although there was considerable variability among @entity1 . However, there is a large concentration gradient of @entity1193 between plasma and CSF. These CSF:plasma data are consistent with very low permeation of @entity1193 into the CSF and elimination kinetics from it controlled by the volumetric turnover of CSF. AIM: The naturally occurring @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ) markedly protects rodents against @entity131 , suggesting it may be of therapeutic value. The aim was to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity1193 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of @entity1 , to allow modelling that would aid development of therapeutic regimens. METHODS: When administered intravenously to @entity1 soon after @entity64 , @entity1193 is safe and reduces the peripheral inflammatory response. However, @entity1193 is a large protein (17 kDa), which may limit brain penetration, thereby limiting its potential utility in @entity1545 . In seven @entity1 with @entity548 ( @entity548 ), @entity1193 was administered by intravenous bolus, then infusion for 24 h, and both blood and CSF, via external ventricular drains, were sampled during and after stopping the infusion. RESULTS: Plasma steady-state concentrations were rapidly attained and maintained throughout the infusion, whereas CSF concentrations rose slowly towards a plateau during the 24-h infusion, reaching at best only 4% of that in plasma. Plasma kinetic parameters were within the literature range. Modelling of the combined data yielded rate constants entering and leaving the CSF of 0.0019 @entity2246 (RSE) = 19%] and 0.1 h(-1) (RSE = 19%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Peripherally administered @entity1193 crosses slowly into and out of the CSF of @entity1 with @entity548 . However, there is a large concentration gradient of @entity1193 between plasma and CSF. These CSF:plasma data are consistent with very low permeation of @entity1193 into the CSF and elimination kinetics from it controlled by the volumetric turnover of CSF.

title: Pharmacokinetic modelling of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of XXXX following @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subarchnoid haemorrhage', 'SAH']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1RA', 'interlukin-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['h(-1)[relative standard error']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Infectious complications associated with central venous catheters (CVCs) are a major source of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 . This review aims to discuss prevention, diagnosis criteria and management of CVC-related @entity281 in HD @entity1 . METHODS: We searched Medline for articles published in the last 10 years, with the keywords "catheter," "hemodialysis," " @entity281 ," "treatment," "diagnosis," "prophylaxis" and "adults." Only English language articles were reviewed. We reviewed prophylaxis and surveillance protocols, diagnosis criteria, including new molecular tools, and the management of @entity1212 , including antibiotic regimen, empiric and according to causal agents, lock therapy, catheter salvage or removal choice and treatment of complications. RESULTS: To prevent @entity166 , first of all we need to avoid using catheters. If we need CVC, adoption of prophylaxis and surveillance protocols, and antibiotic ointment at the exit site reduce @entity166 . The diagnosis of CVC-related @entity281 should be made with @entity1503 . Empiric systemic antibiotics should cover Gram-positive and -negative microorganisms, and final regimen should be based on culture results. In selected cases, salvage of site, by CVC exchange over wire, or salvage of catheter, using antibiotic lock, under the cover of systemic antibiotics, could be attempted. CONCLUSIONS: The best approach to prevent CVC-related @entity281 would be to avoid the use of CVC. However, in @entity1 for whom it is impossible, the adoption of adequate prophylaxis protocols, early diagnosis and effective treatment of @entity166 are essential to improve outcomes.

title: Hemodialysis XXXX : prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['catheter-related infections']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['drainage and/or blood cultures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity1212 :: (MESH:D055499,Disease) :: ['catheter-related infection']


abstract: Increases in the @entity12841 ( @entity12841 ) have been associated with the severity of airway thickening in chronic asthmatic subjects, and @entity12841 signaling is induced by @entity565 -related cytokines and @entity32 . The goal of this study was to determine the role of @entity12841 signaling in a chronic @entity56 model of @entity565 and specifically in epithelial cells, which are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in @entity565 . @entity12841 activation was assessed in @entity19 treated with intranasal @entity6711 ( @entity6711 ) for 3 wk. @entity12841 signaling was inhibited in @entity19 treated with @entity6711 for 6 wk, by using either the drug @entity3866 or a genetic approach that utilizes @entity19 expressing a mutant dominant negative @entity12841 in the lung epithelium ( @entity12841 -M @entity19 ). @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) was assessed by use of a flexiVent system after increasing doses of nebulized @entity2710 . @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) thickening was measured by morphometric analysis. Sensitization to @entity6711 (IgG and IgE), inflammatory cells, and goblet cell changes were also assessed. Increased @entity12841 activation was detected in @entity6711 -treated @entity19 , including in bronchiolar epithelial cells. In @entity19 exposed to @entity6711 for 6 wk, @entity1224 and @entity3960 thickening were reduced after @entity3866 treatment and in @entity12841 -M @entity19 . Sensitization to @entity6711 and inflammatory cell counts were similar in all groups, except neutrophil counts, which were lower in the @entity12841 -M @entity19 . Goblet cell metaplasia with @entity6711 treatment was reduced by @entity3866 , but not in @entity12841 -M @entity19 . This study demonstrates that @entity12841 signaling, especially in the airway epithelium, plays an important role in mediating @entity1224 and remodeling in a chronic @entity56 model.

title: Epithelial EGF receptor signaling mediates @entity1224 and remodeling in a XXXX model of chronic asthma.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity12841 :: ('13649(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['Airway smooth muscle', 'ASM']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['AHR', 'Airway hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity6711 :: ('MESH:D008924', 'Disease') :: ['HDM', 'house dust mite']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The main aim of this study was to compare @entity1 with euthymic @entity162 (BDI) and @entity162 (BDII) disorders and healthy controls in measures of social cognition. Additional aims were to explore the association between social cognition performance with @entity149 and psychosocial functioning. Eighty one euthymic @entity1 with BDI or BDII and 34 healthy controls were included. All subjects completed tests to assess verbal memory, attention, and executive functions. Additionally theory of mind (ToM) and @entity2652 recognition measures were included. Psychosocial functioning was assessed with the @entity10686 . Both groups of @entity1 had lower performance than healthy controls in ToM, and a lower recognition of fear facial expression. When @entity149 and exposure to medications were controlled, performance in ToM and recognition of fear facial expression did not allow predicting if a subject was @entity1 or healthy control. Social cognition measures not enhance variance beyond explained by @entity149 and they were not independent predictors of psychosocial functioning. Impairments in @entity2652 recognition and ToM are mediated, at least partly, by attention-executive functions deficits and exposure to psychotropic medications. Likewise, social cognition measures did not contribute to variance beyond @entity149 .

title: Theory of mind and @entity2652 recognition in euthymic @entity162 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar I', 'bipolar II']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial emotion']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairments']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar II disorders']


abstract: A stochastic model for characterizing @entity5 texture in brain magnetic resonance (MR) images is proposed. The efficacy of the model is demonstrated in @entity1 -independent @entity1313 texture feature extraction and @entity5 segmentation in magnetic resonance images (MRIs). Due to complex appearance in MRI, @entity1313 texture is formulated using a multiresolution-fractal model known as multifractional Brownian motion (mBm). Detailed mathematical derivation for mBm model and corresponding novel algorithm to extract spatially varying multifractal features are proposed. A multifractal feature-based @entity1313 segmentation method is developed next. To evaluate efficacy, @entity5 segmentation performance using proposed multifractal feature is compared with that using Gabor-like multiscale texton feature. Furthermore, novel @entity1 -independent @entity5 segmentation scheme is proposed by extending the well-known AdaBoost algorithm. The modification of AdaBoost algorithm involves assigning weights to component classifiers based on their ability to classify difficult samples and confidence in such classification. Experimental results for 14 @entity1 with over 300 MRIs show the efficacy of the proposed technique in @entity5 in brain MRIs. Finally, comparison with other state-of-the art @entity1313 segmentation works with publicly available @entity11 BRATS2012 dataset show that our segmentation results are more consistent and on the average outperforms these methods for the @entity1 where ground truth is made available.

title: Multifractal texture estimation for detection and segmentation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['automatic segmentation of tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade glioma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To perform an analysis of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), sequential boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRTs), and integrated boost IMRT (IMRTi) for dose escalation in unresectable @entity3123 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Computed tomography images from 15 @entity1 were used. Treatment plans were generated using 3D-CRT, IMRTs, and IMRTi for dose levels of 54, 59.4, and 64.8 Gy. Plans were analyzed for target coverage, doses to liver, kidneys, small bowel, and spinal cord. RESULTS: Three-dimensional-CRT exceeded tolerance to small bowel in 1 of 15 (6.67%) @entity1 at 54 Gy, and 4 of 15 (26.7%) @entity1 at 59.4 and 64.8 Gy. 3D-CRT exceeded spinal cord tolerance in 1 of 15 @entity1 (6.67%) at 59.4 Gy and liver constraints in 1 of 15 @entity1 (6.67%) at 64.8 Gy; no IMRT plans exceeded tissue tolerance. Both IMRT techniques reduced the percentage of total kidney volume receiving 20 Gy (V20), the percentage of small bowel receiving 45 Gy (V45), and the percentage of liver receiving 35 Gy ( @entity30617 ). IMRTi appeared superior to IMRTs in reducing the total kidney V20 (p < 0.0001), right kidney V20 (p < 0.0001), and small bowel V45 (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Sequential boost IMRT and IMRTi improved the ability to achieve normal tissue dose goals compared with 3D-CRT. IMRTi allowed dose escalation to 64.8 Gy with acceptable normal tissue doses and superior dosimetry compared with 3D-CRT and IMRTs.

title: A dosimetric analysis of dose escalation using two intensity-modulated radiation therapy techniques in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

answer: @entity3123 :: (MESH:C562463,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Ischemic @entity989 can be reversed by hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBOT) as long as irreversible @entity583 has not developed. However, the time window till irreversible damage develops is still unknown. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of HBOT and determine possible markers for irreversible @entity989 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 225 @entity1 treated with HBOT for @entity732 ( @entity732 ) in 1999-2015. One hundred and twenty-eight @entity1 fulfilled inclusion/exclusion criteria: age >18 years, symptoms <20 hours, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) <0.5 logMAR. RESULTS: Time delay from symptoms to treatment was 7.8  3.8 hours. The BCVA was significantly improved after HBOT, from 2.14  0.50 to 1.61  0.78 (P<0.0001). The proportion of @entity1 with clinically meaningful visual improvement was significantly higher in @entity1 without @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) compared to @entity1 with @entity4085 at presentation (86.0% vs 57.6%, P<0.0001). The percentage of @entity1 with final BCVA better than 1.0 was also significantly higher in @entity1 without @entity4085 vs @entity1 with @entity4085 at presentation (61.0% vs 7.1%, P<0.0001). There was no correlation between @entity4085 and the time from symptoms. HBOT was found to be safe, and only 5.5% of @entity1 had minor, reversible, adverse events. CONCLUSION: HBOT is an effective treatment for non-arteritic @entity732 as long as @entity4085 has not formed. The fundus findings, rather than the time delay, should be used as a marker for irreversible damage.

title: Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to XXXX by hyperbaric @entity26 .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cherry-red spot']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal damage']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['infarction damage']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['central retinal artery occlusion', 'CRAO']

answer: @entity732 :: (MESH:D015356,Disease) :: ['central retinal artery occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze the behaviors of @entity1 that resulted in menstrually related severe @entity417 (hemoglobin <5 g/dL) from a single public hospital serving indigent @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study of all @entity1 identified as having been treated at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center for excessive menstruation (International Classification of Diseases, ninth revision, codes 285.9, 6256.2) and hemoglobin values less than 5  g/dL in the 6 years from 2008 to  2013. RESULTS: Approvals were obtained from the @entity1 Subjects and Research Committees. This search identified 271 @entity1 with those 2 diagnoses; 122 were excluded because their severe @entity417 had nonmenstrual causes. The remaining 149 @entity1 had 168 episodes with hemoglobin levels below 5 g/dL attributed to @entity548 . Mean age was 41 years (range, 19-55 years). Mean body mass index was 28.9 kg/m(2) (range, 18-57 kg/m(2)); 58.2% were actively @entity548 at presentation, and 90.4% reported chronic excessive @entity190 . Two thirds recognized heavy @entity548 that had persisted for more than 6 months without seeking help. However, 7.8% described their @entity548 as normal, and 40.5% had received at least 1 previous transfusion. Mean nadir hemoglobin was 4.15 g/dL (range, 1.6-4.9 g/dL). Mean corpuscular volume was 62.2  fL (range, 47.7-99.8 fL) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was 29.2 g/dL (range, 25.7-33.6 g/dL). Nearly a  quarter had reactive @entity1148 , which might have created a  hypercoagulable state. Bleeding was ultimately attributed to @entity2909 in 47.9%; @entity5 was detected in 4.8%. A total of 33.9% were  discharged without being offered any therapy to prevent subsequent @entity548 ; 3.0% declined any medical therapy; 35.1% were lost to follow-up prior to receiving effective therapy; and 26.8% had multiple subsequent transfusions before seeking/receiving definitive treatments. CONCLUSION: Even when faced with potentially life-threatening @entity417 because of chronic, excessive @entity190 , some @entity1 are not impressed with the serious nature of their problem. @entity1 will benefit from recognizing the health consequences of chronic excessive @entity190 . @entity190 should be treated as both an urgent and potentially recurrent problem; physicians should address this clinical concern proactively.

title: @entity417 from heavy XXXX requires heightened attention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['chronic excessive menstrual bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual blood loss', 'blood loss', 'Chronic excessive blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['menstrual bleeding']


abstract: Homogeneous dispersions of insulin and recombinant @entity1 growth hormone (rh-GH) in @entity21802 / @entity2434 / @entity970 mixtures (1.3:1.3:0.25:0.15 w/w ratio) were processed by supercritical @entity544 gas micro-atomisation to produce protein-loaded lipid particles. The process yielded spherical particles, with a 197+/-94 nm mean diameter, and the insulin and rh-GH recovery in the final product was 57+/-8% and 48+/-5%, respectively. In vitro, the proteins were slowly released for about 70-80 h according to a diffusive mechanism. In vivo, the insulin and @entity413 profiles in plasma obtained by subcutaneous administration of a dose of particles containing 2 microg insulin to @entity6 @entity19 overlapped that obtained with 2 microg of insulin in solution. Administration of a dose of particles containing 5 microg insulin resulted in faster and longer glycaemia reduction. Oral administration of 20 and 50 microg insulin equivalent particles produced a significant hypoglycaemic effect. The @entity413 levels decreased since 2h after administration, reaching about 50% and 70% @entity413 reduction in 1-2h with the lower and higher dose, respectively. As compared to subcutaneous administration, the relative pharmacological bioavailability obtained with 20 and 50 microg equivalent insulin particles was 7.7% and 6.7%, respectively. Daily subcutaneous administration of 40 microg of rh-GH-loaded particles to hypophysectomised @entity35 induced similar body weight increase as 40 microg rh-GH in solution. The daily oral administration of 400 microg rh-GH equivalent particles elicited a slight body weight increase, which corresponded to a relative pharmacological bioavailability of 3.4% compared to subcutaneous administration.

title: Biopharmaceutical characterisation of insulin and recombinant XXXX growth hormone loaded lipid submicron particles produced by supercritical gas micro-atomisation.

entities_list: @entity21802 :: ('MESH:C022618', 'Chemical') :: ['tristearin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of dissolution medium composition on the in vitro release of @entity7988 from a series of ER products and the impact of the different buffer media on the in vivo-in vitro (IVIV) relationship. The products investigated were coated micro bead preparations having increasing levels of coating to retard drug release. Four common dissolution media; USP @entity1391 buffers of pH 7.2 and 6.8, @entity1391 (modified isotonic) buffer pH 6.8 and a fasted state simulated intestinal fluid without lipid components (FaSSIFLF) of pH 6.5, were employed in the @entity43516 apparatus. Release profiles were compared to the corresponding in vivo release profiles, obtained following deconvolution of the plasma level versus time profiles obtained from a 10-subject five-period cross-over study. Despite the relative similarity in composition of the media employed, significant differences in release profiles were observed reflecting media differences in buffer capacity, ionic strength and pH. As a consequence, the quality and shape of the IVIV relationship changed significantly, the only apparent IVIVC incorporating all four ER products, which was non-linear, was obtained using the @entity1391 (modified isotonic) buffer of pH 6.8. This data was fitted, using a non-linear least squares method, by the equation of Polli et al. [J. Pharm. Sci. 85 (1996) 753] and gave an alpha parameter estimate of 2, consistent with initial dissolution being more rapid in vitro than in vivo. The systematic shift in profiles, particularly with buffer capacity, underlines the sensitivity of IVIV relationship to medium composition and hence the current difficulties in making a rational choice of an appropriate single dissolution medium.

title: Influence of dissolution medium buffer composition on XXXX release from ER products and in vitro-in vivo correlation.

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity7988 :: (MESH:D007660,Chemical) :: ['ketoprofen']


abstract: Intra-hippocampal @entity4176 injection induces an epileptiform activity termed @entity159 . We examined the emergence of this activity with extracellular and intracellular records of responses (1) to focal @entity4176 (KA) application in slices of @entity19 hippocampus and (2) of slices from @entity19 injected with KA. The effects varied with distance from the injection site of KA. At distances less than approximately 800 microm, KA injection induced a strong increase in extracellular firing which ceased after 2-4 min. Pyramidal cells in this zone fired and depolarized to a potential at which action potentials were no longer evoked. No further activity was detected near the injection site for 3-5 h. In longitudinal slices of the CA3 region, firing induced by KA injection spread at a velocity close to 1 x 10(-)(4) mm ms(-)(1). The velocity increased to approximately 1 x 10(-)(1) mm ms(-)(1) when synaptic inhibition was blocked, suggesting that inhibitory processes normally restrict the spread of firing. At distances of 1.5-2.5 mm, KA injection induced a short-term increase in firing which was maintained, and often increased and rhythmic at gamma frequencies at 2-5 h after injection. We also examined slices prepared from animals injected with KA, at a delay of 2-5 h corresponding to the expression of @entity159 . Near the injection site, Gallyas @entity575 staining revealed cellular degeneration, and no activity was recorded. Interictal-like activity was generated by ipsilateral slices distant from KA injection. Contralateral slices also generated an interictal-like activity, but no cell death was detected. @entity131 generated at distant sites may be associated with @entity159 .

title: Effects of focal injection of @entity4176 into the XXXX hippocampus in vitro and ex vivo.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal oscillations']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We previously reported that the self-reported amount of @entity322 is the main predictor of lower health related quality of life in adults with @entity3570 . In this study we sought to determine the impact of @entity1241 on health related quality of life after correcting for @entity322 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An international sample of adults with @entity3570 was surveyed online in 2013 to 2014. We evaluated @entity1241 in the last 4  weeks using clean intervals (less than 1 day, 1 to 6 days, 1 week or longer, or no @entity1241 ), amount (a lot, medium, a little or none), number of protective undergarments worn daily and similar variables for @entity322 . Validated instruments were used, including QUALAS-A (Quality of Life Assessment in Spina bifida for Adults) for @entity3570 specific health related quality of life and the generic WHOQOL-BREF (WHO Quality of Life, short form). Linear regression was used (all outcomes 0 to 100). RESULTS: Mean age of the 518 @entity1 was 32 years and 33.0% were male. Overall, 55.4% of @entity1 had @entity1241 , 76.3% had @entity322 and 46.9% had both types. On multivariate analysis @entity1241 was associated with lower bowel and @entity1494 related quality of life across all amounts (-16.2 for a lot, -20.9 for medium and -18.5 for little vs none, p <0.0001) but clean intervals were not significant (-4.0 to -3.4, p >= 0.18). Conversely, health related quality of life was lower with increased amounts of @entity322 (-27.6 for a lot, -18.3 for medium and -13.4 for little vs none, p <0.0001). Dry intervals less than 4 hours were not associated with lower health related quality of life (-4.6, p = 0.053) but the use of undergarments was associated with it (-7.5 to -7.4, p <= 0.01). @entity1241 and @entity322 were associated with lower WHOQOL-BREF scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1241 and @entity322 are independent predictors of lower health related quality of life in adults with @entity3570 . Health related quality of life is lower with an increasing amount of @entity322 . @entity1241 has a more uniform impact on health related quality of life regardless of frequency or amount.

title: All Incontinence is Not Created Equal: Impact of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence on Quality of Life in Adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder health']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['Fecal incontinence', 'fecal incontinence']

answer: @entity3570 :: (MESH:D016135,Disease) :: ['Spina Bifida']


abstract: During the period of air-raid alarms in Zagreb (September 1991), the influence of war-induced stress on the incidence and mortality of @entity453 was investigated. Control periods were September 1989 and September 1990. Among 2903 @entity1 admitted to Emergency Care Units, 369 (13%) were examined for suspect @entity453 . During the same periods in 1989 and 1990, 10% and 11% of @entity453 @entity1 were recorded, respectively. The percentage of @entity1 with @entity583 or unstable @entity951 , admitted to Coronary Care Units during September 1989, 1990 and 1991, was 49%, 50% and 55%, respectively. The number of Q myocardial @entity1 admitted during September 1991 was significantly higher than that recorded during the same period in 1990. The incidence and mortality patterns in @entity453 @entity1 were also examined during August, September and October 1991. The peak incidence of @entity453 was found in the first half of September, while the peak mortality in these @entity1 was found during the second half of September. During the second half of September of 1989, 1990 and 1991, the mortality in Q myocardial @entity1 in Coronary Care Units, was 16.7%, 15.2% and 23.8%, respectively. Besides the war-induced stress, transportation of our @entity1 to shelters or inner parts of the hospital caused additional stress, probably contributing to the development of refractory malignant @entity943 or @entity712 .

title: Incidence and hospital mortality of XXXX among civilians in Zagreb during air-raid alarms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['acute coronary artery disease']


abstract: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. The initial correct diagnosis, risk assessment and initiation of treatment are responsibilities of the @entity341 ( @entity341 ). In Germany, emergency medicine is not well established nationwide and organized in a very heterogeneous manner. Therefore, systematic approaches to improve quality of care are scarce and standardisations of processes are required. Standardized care bundles for @entity497 identify @entity1 at increased risk for an adverse outcome. Early detection of @entity497 in the @entity341 is essential for initiating timely and appropriate treatment. As part of the nationwide @entity497 quality improvement program we use CRB-65 for initial risk stratification in the @entity341 . In own investigations we demonstrated that implementation of systematic guideline based care bundles for @entity55 significantly improves quality of care in the @entity341 subsequently leading to decreased mortality during hospitalization. Early standardized care bundles in the @entity341 reduce length-of-stay in the hospital and the intensive care unit. Furthermore, those strategies are accompanied with an improvement of economic characteristics.

title: [ XXXX in the emergence department - do standardized care bundles improve quality of care?].

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'Community acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['Community acquired pneumonia']


abstract: We previously demonstrated in lactating @entity19 a six- to eightfold increase in the intestinal uptake of the dietary protein, @entity10328 ( @entity10328 ), administered by gavage. In this study, we tested the possibility that alterations in intestinal morphology, transit time, reduced luminal proteolysis, and enhanced association with the intestinal surface might account for the increased uptake of the protein observed in lactating @entity19 . We found that these animals had a significant increase in length, wet weight, and surface area of the small intestine. No change in the number of Peyer's patches was noted. Intestinal transit was assessed by gavage administration of 125I- @entity10328 and 10 mg @entity10328 and localization of the peak of radioactivity 15, 30, and 60 min after feeding. Although motility (distance traveled per unit time) was not different in lactating and control @entity19 at 15 and 30 min, the fraction of the small intestine traversed by the peak of radioactivity was less in lactating @entity19 . Digestion of 125I- @entity10328 administered by gavage with 10 mg unlabeled @entity10328 was examined by @entity2804 precipitation and gel permeation of the resulting fragments. Lactating and control @entity19 did not show differences in digestion of 125I- @entity10328 by either measurement. The association of 125I- @entity10328 with small intestinal segments, however, was enhanced in lactating @entity19 , especially in the second and third segments of the small intestine. Thus several factors including an increase in length and surface area of the small intestine, prolonged contact of protein with the small intestinal absorptive surface, and enhanced association of the protein with the intestinal surface contribute to increased uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intestinal adaptation during lactation in the XXXX . II. Altered intestinal processing of a dietary protein.

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Motor effects of bilateral lesions of the globus pallidus induced by @entity8113 (30 and 60 nmol in 0.5 microl) were investigated in @entity35 . Globus pallidus lesions with 60 nmol @entity8113 produced a significant reduction of spontaneous motor activity measured by a reduced locomotor activity in an open field and by a reduced sniffing activity in an experimental chamber. In addition, @entity2254 (1 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced hyperlocomotion and @entity2254 (3 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced stereotyped sniffing were significantly reduced in animals with @entity8113 lesions (60 nmol). Globus pallidus lesions with 60 nmol @entity8113 potently reversed @entity8364 induced by systemic administration of the @entity935 D1 receptor antagonist @entity10095 (0.75 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) or the @entity935 D2 receptor antagonist @entity11641 (1.25 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.), while lesions with 30 nmol @entity8113 exerted anti- @entity8364 effects which were only partly significant. In line with current models of basal ganglia functions, these findings indicate that inactivation of the globus pallidus reduced spontaneous motor activity and motor @entity2915 after @entity935 receptor stimulation. However, the present data also demonstrate that inactivation of the globus pallidus reversed @entity717 induced by a blockade of @entity935 D1 and D2 receptors. Therefore, a more complex functional model of the globus pallidus is required to account for the opposite effects on motor behaviour observed after lesions of this basal ganglia nucleus.

title: The effects of globus pallidus lesions on @entity935 -dependent motor behaviour in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['D-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity8113 :: ('MESH:D017378', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['cataleptic', 'catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['motor hypoactivity']

entities_list: @entity11641 :: ('MESH:D020891', 'Chemical') :: ['raclopride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) given intravenously (i.v.) at a dose of 100 mg/m2 i.v. bolus and 200 mg/m2 infusion over 12 hours followed by @entity4181 in the primary treatment of @entity3567 ( @entity3567 ). STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed the records of @entity1 at the New England @entity1469 Center who had received @entity1500 infusion at a dose of 100 mg/m2 i.v. bolus and 200 mg/m2 infusion over 12 hours followed by @entity4181 as primary therapy for @entity3567 that did not resolve with uterine evacuation alone. Data on the @entity1 ' age, gravity and parity, disease stage (by FIGO and WHO criteria), antecedent pregnancy, presenting level of hCG, metastatic status, courses of chemotherapy required to achieve remission, @entity137 related to chemotherapy treatments and time to normalization of hCG were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-two @entity1 with persistent @entity3567 were treated with the @entity1500 infusion protocol between December 1985 and December 2000. One hundred twenty-four @entity1 (64.6%) achieved complete remission with the @entity1500 infusion protocol. Complete remission was induced in 108 (87.1%) with a single course of chemotherapy; 12 others achieved remission with a single additional course of @entity1500 . All @entity1 found to be resistant to @entity1500 therapy later achieved remission with other chemotherapy. Minimal @entity137 was experienced during @entity1500 treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1500 infusion with @entity4181 is effective and well tolerated as primary single-agent therapy for nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic GTT.

title: @entity1499 infusion and XXXX as primary therapy for nonmetastatic and low-risk metastatic @entity3567 . 15 years of experience.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['Trophoblastic Disease']

entities_list: @entity3567 :: ('MESH:D014328', 'Disease') :: ['GTTs', 'gestational trophoblastic tumors']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['folinic acid']