abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of clinically significant @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) interpreted in the context of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 'never-events.' METHODS: Using the institutional pathology Tumor Registry at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), all @entity1 diagnosed with a @entity1358 from 1994 to 2004 were identified. Controls with @entity43 of other histologies were matched for stage, age and year of diagnosis. Medical records were abstracted and pathology reviewed. All @entity1 had surgical staging and/or cytoreductive surgery by a Gynecologic Oncologist at the MGH. All @entity1 received appropriate peri- and post-operative prophylaxis with subcutaneous heparin and/or sequential compression devices. @entity1211 was diagnosed with standard imaging techniques when clinical suspicion arose. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (58) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity1358 during the study period, 43 of whom had complete data available for analysis. @entity1 with Stage I or II disease comprised 70% of the @entity1 . The mean age of the cohort was 55 and the mean weight 71 kg. Eighty-six (86) age, stage, and year of diagnosis matched controls were selected. The majority of controls had @entity5 (47%) with the remainder being endometrioid (33%), mucinous (14%), transitional cell (2%), @entity242 (2%) and mixed (2%). @entity1358 was often seen in association with endometriosis 70% compared with 22% of controls (p<0.0001). Overall, 18 of 43 @entity1358 @entity1 (42%) had @entity1211 while only 19 of 86 control @entity1 (22%) had @entity1211 (p=0.024, OR=2.5 CI 1.1504-5.60). The rate of @entity1211 was not influenced by weight or smoking. In the @entity1358 @entity1 , seventeen percent (17%) of @entity1211 was diagnosed at presentation while 50% was diagnosed postoperatively and 33% at the time of disease recurrence or progression. Overall, including cases and controls, late stage disease was more likely associated with @entity1211 (18 of 39, 46%) vs. early stage disease (19 of 90, 21%), p=0.004. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1358 have a 2.5-times greater risk of disease related @entity1211 than @entity1 with other histologies of @entity43 despite adherence to prophylactic guidelines. Given the high rate of @entity1211 postoperatively as well as with disease recurrence, one should consider indefinite therapeutic anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity1358 . The case of @entity1358 is one example of the impracticality of payment denial for 'never-events,' as @entity1211 arises despite best efforts at prevention.

title: When 'never-events' occur despite adherence to clinical guidelines: the case of @entity1211 in clear cell XXXX compared with other epithelial histologic subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['serous tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['CCC-O', 'clear cell carcinoma of the ovary']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['cancer of the ovary']


abstract: @entity11738 is considered the world's leading preventable cause of @entity1939 , with hundreds of millions of @entity1 affected and approximately 6 to 9 million blinded as a result of the disease. It was once endemic in much of the world. It disappeared from most of @entity4324 , coincident with the improvements in hygienic conditions that accompanied the expanding industrial revolution in the latter part of the 19th century. Common wisdom states that @entity11738 is disappearing from much of the world today as a result of improvement in the standard of living. Unfortunately, this is not a realistic perception. In some hyperendemic areas neither the standard of living nor hygienic conditions are improving. Deaths due to @entity697 have been reduced and the population is both growing and aging. In some parts of the world, because of demographics, it is likely that there are more @entity1 being exposed to @entity11738 as @entity1 and more will survive to old age when @entity1939 develops. In these countries there will be larger numbers of blind individuals in the future than there are today. This will tax public health and economic systems in the involved communities.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX predicts @entity1939 in the future.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'people']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infections']

entities_list: @entity11738 :: ('MESH:D014141', 'Disease') :: ['trachoma', 'Trachoma']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['Europe and North America']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['trachomatous blindness', 'blindness']

answer: @entity11738 :: (MESH:D014141,Disease) :: ['trachoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about the proper role of defibrillation testing (DT) at the time of @entity737 ( @entity737 ) insertion. METHODS: A prospective registry was conducted at 13 sites in Canada between January 2006 and October 2007. OBJECTIVES: To document the details of DT, the reasons for not conducting DT, and the costs and complications associated with DT. RESULTS: DT was conducted at implantation in 230 of 361 @entity1 (64%). DT was more likely to be conducted for new implants compared with impulse generator replacements (71% vs 32%, P = 0.0001), but was similar for primary and secondary prevention indications (64% vs 63%, P = NS). Among @entity1 not having DT, the reason(s) given were: considered unnecessary (44%); considered unsafe, mainly due to persistent @entity955 (37%); lack of an anesthetist (20%); and, @entity1 or physician preference (6%). When performed, DT consisted of a single successful shock > or = 10J below maximum device output in 65% of cases. A 10J safety-margin was met by 97% of @entity1 , requiring system modification in 2.3%. Major perioperative complications occurred in 4.4% of @entity1 having DT versus 6.6% of @entity1 not having DT (P = NS). @entity737 insertion was  844 more expensive for @entity1 having DT (P = 0.16), largely due to increased costs ( 28,017 vs  24,545) among @entity1 having impulse generator replacement (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: DT was not performed in a third of @entity737 implants, usually due to a perceived lack of need or relative contraindication.

title: Canadian Registry of XXXX Implant Testing procedures (CREDIT): current practice, risks, and costs of intraoperative defibrillation testing.

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 @entity232 @entity1198 /Th2 dichotomy similar to @entity19 model is not clearly defined and surrogate marker(s) of protection is not yet known. In this study, @entity1198 /Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and @entity379 ) profile induced by purified @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) T cells in response to @entity3667 antigens were assessed at transcript and protein levels in 14 volunteers with a history of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) and compared with 18 healthy control volunteers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+)/CD14(+) cells were purified from peripheral blood using magnetic beads; @entity404 (+)/ @entity405 (+) T cells were co-cultured with autologous CD14(+) monocytes in the presence of soluble @entity3667 antigens (SLA). Stimulation of either @entity404 (+) T cells or @entity405 (+) T cells of @entity4536 volunteers with @entity18434 induced a significantly (P<0.05) higher @entity379 production compared with the cells of controls. Upregulation of @entity379 gene expression in @entity404 (+) cells (P<0.001) and @entity405 (+) cells (P=0.006) of @entity4536 volunteers was significantly more than that of controls. Significantly (P<0.05) higher fold-expression of @entity379 gene was seen in @entity404 (+) cells than in @entity405 (+) cells. In @entity4536 volunteers a significantly (P=0.014) higher number of @entity404 (+) cells were positive for intracellular @entity379 production than @entity405 (+) cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Collectively, the volunteers have shown maintenance of specific long-term immune responses characterized by a strong reaction to leishmanin skin test and @entity379 production. The dominant @entity379 response was the result of expansion of both @entity404 (+) and @entity405 (+) T cells. The results suggested that immune response in protected individuals with a history of @entity4536 ( @entity4536 ) due to @entity3667 is mediated not only through the expansion of antigen-specific @entity379 producing @entity404 (+) @entity1198 cells, but also through @entity379 producing @entity405 (+) T cells.

title: @entity405 + T cells as a source of XXXX production in @entity1 @entity4536 .

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3667 :: ('5664', 'Species') :: ['L. major', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['self-healing cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'HCL', 'zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis', 'ZCL']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['IFN-y']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the potential role of @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) in therapeutic decision making for treatment of vascular pathologies of the @entity1 aorta. METHODS: @entity5173 simulations with @entity1 specific geometries and @entity1 -specific inflow boundary conditions obtained with magnetic resonance imaging were performed in three cases: 1) mobile @entity715 in the aortic arch in a @entity1 with @entity385 ) acute type II B aortic dissection 3) @entity1028 repaired with an endoluminal graft. Blood flow pathlines, @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), dynamic pressures, blood velocities and flow particle resident times were calculated. RESULTS: Aortic @entity715 was indicated as possible source of emboli by flowlines and elevated @entity1642 (8% higher than average @entity1642 at aortic wall) in case 1. This was not identified on conventional imaging. In case 2, the false lumen of the dissection showed elevated pressures and high blood velocities at systole but low pressures and stagnant flow at other times (blood velocity < 0.02 m/s and @entity1642 < 0.1 Pa). Flow disturbances at the reentrance zone of blood from the false lumen were recognized. For case 3, elevated @entity1642 at the landing zone of the endoluminal graft and at the right iliac section together with disturbed flow patterns and increased flow particle resident times were noted. Focal stenoses coincided with the flow disturbances. Measured velocity patterns were qualitatively in agreement with velocity patterns calculated with @entity5173 . CONCLUSION: @entity5173 simulations provide additional information of the hemodynamics in the diseased @entity1 aorta and may have potential in aiding the therapeutic decision making process.

title: Computational hemodynamics in the @entity1 aorta: a XXXX study of three cases with @entity1 -specific geometries and inflow rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['wall shear stresses', 'WSS']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'computational fluid dynamics']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke 2']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['computational fluid dynamics']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a randomized phase II trial to evaluate non-inferiority of progression-free surviva(l PFS) by comparing S-1 and S-1/PSK for advanced or recurrent @entity356 . Sample size was calculated to be 120. However, the trial was terminated because of slow accrual. This exploratory analysis was done by collecting the minimum data. RESULTS: Only 8 @entity1 were enrolled. Four @entity1 were randomly assigned to S-1 and the others to S-1/PSK. Performance status was 0 in all 8 @entity1 . Median age was 64. Median overall survival was 13.7 months in all 8 @entity1 , 8 . 9 months in S-1 group, and 13 . 7 months in S-1/PSK group. CONCLUSION: When considering PS 0 in 8 @entity1 enrolled, an overall survival was comparable to that observed in S-1 group of other phase III trials. Standard chemotherapy for advanced @entity356 was changed to S-1/CDDP by SPIRITS phase III trial which was presented just after this trial was initiated, which would be a major cause of slow accrual. When conducting phase III trial, we should carefully determine design and standard arm by considering on-going phase III trial.

title: [Randomized phase II trial to compare S-1 and S-1/PSK for advanced or recurrent XXXX -lessons from the results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to measure the @entity158 threshold in @entity101 @entity1 with a new auto-algometry method. DESIGN AND SETTING: Auto-algometry consists of asking the subjects to push their fingers against a fixed round-tip needle until they feel a @entity158 sensation. An electronic force transducer permits the measurement of the force applied by the subjects and storage of the data on a personal computer. Eight tests are performed twice on each subject on the tip and back of four fingers. For each test, the maximal applied force (grams) is defined as @entity158 threshold. The overall discomfort during the entire procedure is reported by the subjects on a 0 (no discomfort) to 10 (intolerable @entity158 ) scale. @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: A group of @entity101 @entity1 (n = 22) and a group of normotensive subjects (n = 22) underwent the auto-algometry examination. RESULTS: The @entity158 threshold was higher in @entity101 @entity1 compared with normotensive subjects. All discomfort scores referred by the subjects fell within the 4-6 range. CONCLUSION: The data obtained from this study indicate that the auto-algometer as described here can detect hypoalgesia associated with @entity101 .

title: New and low-cost auto-algometry for screening XXXX -associated hypoalgesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recent studies suggest that @entity6 @entity1 may be more likely to exhibit @entity615 . Correlating @entity615 could provide insight into the relationship between these conditions. METHODS: A total of 67   132 @entity1 within our institutional database were identified as having the diagnosis of either @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Within this larger cohort, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity615 ( @entity615 ) were identified. In addition, @entity1 with a history of spinal surgery were also identified. Clinical and laboratory measures of @entity6 burden were then collected on all @entity1 . Multinomial logistic regression analysis using a backward stepwise selection algorithm was then implemented for multivariable analysis to determine whether @entity1 variables were associated with the diagnosis of @entity615 or history of spinal surgery among @entity6 @entity1 . RESULTS: On unadjusted analysis, highest recorded values of hemoglobin @entity3916 (HgbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), @entity1674 , and total @entity165 were significantly greater in @entity6 @entity1 with CPB and @entity6 @entity1 with @entity615 that underwent spinal surgery. Highest recorded value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was significantly lower in @entity6 @entity1 with CPB and @entity6 @entity1 with @entity615 that underwent spinal surgery. Highest recorded body mass index (BMI) was also greater in @entity1 with @entity615 (36.67) and @entity1 with @entity615 who underwent surgery (36.63) compared with @entity1 without @entity615 (34.06, P < .001). On multinomial logistic regression analysis, increased age at time of @entity3918 diagnosis, increased duration of time with @entity3918 , presence of @entity101 , presence of @entity16 , increased BMI, increased levels of HgbA1C, LDL, and @entity1674 , and decreased levels of HDL were independently associated with the presence of @entity615 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that markers of @entity6 progression are associated with the presence of @entity615 , suggesting that uncontrolled @entity3918 may be a contributing factor to the development of @entity615 .

title: 341   @entity6 and Back Pain: Markers of XXXX Progression Are Associated With @entity615 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic disease', 'DMI', 'diabetes mellitus type II', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus type I', 'DMII', 'diabetes disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['CBP', 'chronic back pain', 'back pain', 'diabetic disease progression to the presence of back pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity28998 ( @entity2764 10 mg and @entity28999 10 mg) has traditionally been used to treat @entity390 and @entity391 (NVP); however, this drug is unavailable in many countries. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a simple bi-daily treatment regimen with the combination of @entity2764 (50 mg twice daily) and @entity28999 (25-50 mg) as an alternative treatment for NVP. METHODS: A prospective case-controlled observational study of mother- @entity1 pairs was conducted between February 2008 and December 2010. All @entity1 who contacted the Beilinson Teratology Information Service (BELTIS) regarding treatment of NVP were eligible for inclusion. Using data on NVP severity, treatment efficacy and outcomes, we compared the two groups of @entity1 : those treated with the combination of @entity2764 and @entity28999 (treatment group, n=29) and those treated with @entity1769 (control group, n=29). RESULTS: Moderate to severe symptoms were present in 97% of the treatment group @entity1 vs. 69% of control group @entity1 (P < 0.01). Despite increased symptom severity in the treatment group, the combination regimen was efficacious: 20/29 (69%) vs. 18/25 (72%) in the treatment vs. control @entity1 respectively (P = 0.65). There were no @entity154 in the treatment group. Follow-up was normal for all @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Bi-daily combination therapy with @entity2764 and @entity28999 for NVP is safe, has comparable efficacy to @entity1769 , and is a treatment alternative in countries where Diclectin is not available. Despite symptoms warranting counseling by a teratology information service, more than a third of @entity1 do not take the suggested treatment.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bi-daily combination therapy with @entity2764 and XXXX for @entity390 and @entity391 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2764 :: ('MESH:D011736', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridoxine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity28999 :: ('MESH:D004319', 'Chemical') :: ['doxylamine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity28998 :: ('MESH:C489208', 'Chemical') :: ['Diclectin']

answer: @entity28999 :: (MESH:D004319,Chemical) :: ['doxylamine']


abstract: Between 2/87 and 10/89, 83 @entity1 (pts) with previously untreated @entity1149 were assigned at random to receive either the PI regimen ( @entity900 80 mg/m2 dl and @entity1260 2 g/m2 d 1, 2, 3, q 3-4 wks) or the PV regimen ( @entity900 80 mg/m2 d 1 and @entity7324 3 mg/m2 d 1, 8, 15, q 3-4 wks). Three pts (2 PI regimen, 1 PV regimen) were ineligible for the study and 13 pts (7 PI regimen, 6 PV regimen) did not complete it. Thirty-three PI regimen pts and 34 PV regimen pts completed 2 or more cycles of the treatment and were evaluated. @entity1 characteristics were almost identical in both groups in terms of sex, age, pathological types, stage, performance status and number of chemotherapy cycles. For the PI regimen, there were 1 C.R. and 6 P.R., and the response rate was 21.2% (7/33). In the PV regimen, there were 11 P.R., and the response rate was 32.4% (11/34). The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) for PI regimen was 29 weeks (range 12-156 wks) and for PV regimen 40 weeks (range 8-138 wks). The difference in the survival curves for the 2 regimens was not statistically significant. @entity137 for the 2 regimens were similar except for greater @entity1431 and one treatment-related @entity204 due to @entity8 on PI regimen. These results suggest that PI regimen is not superior to PV regimen in the treatment of @entity1149 .

title: [Randomized trial of @entity900 plus @entity1260 versus @entity900 plus XXXX for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: As most @entity1 undergoing pulmonary surgery by postero-lateral thoracotomy have decreased preoperative pulmonary function, efficient postoperative @entity1337 is mandatory. @entity5889 , a new agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic, and nefopam were compared in a double blind trial involving 60 @entity1 . Intravenous injections of 0.3 mg.kg-1 of either drug were started when the @entity1 evaluated his @entity158 as being above 60 mm on a visual scale graduated from 0 to 100 mm. Repeated injections were carried out at the same dose, at the @entity1 's request, after a minimal interval of 3 h for @entity5889 , and 6 h for nefopam. @entity1337 was assessed by the visual scale, and by the @entity1 's verbal appraisal. The respiratory and cardiovascular repercussions were evaluated clinically, and by monitoring breathing rate, blood gases, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, and consciousness. @entity5889 provided a convenient @entity1337 to all @entity1 whereas @entity1337 with nefopam was insufficient in 15 out of 30 @entity1 . No significant @entity1576 with either drug occurred. Nefopam led to a 30% increase in heart rate for one hour (p less than 0.01). Whereas @entity1 given @entity5889 were more drowsy, although easily aroused, (p less than 0.001), nefopam was responsible for adverse effects (sweating, @entity390 , @entity591 with pallor, vertigo, malaise) requiring the exclusion of 7 @entity1 from the study. @entity5889 , although not ideal, would therefore seem to be a better analgesic than nefopam in thoracotomy @entity1 .

title: [Analgesic and respiratory effects of XXXX during the immediate postoperative period in thoracotomy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity5889 :: ('MESH:D009266', 'Chemical') :: ['Nalbuphine', 'nalbuphine']

answer: @entity5889 :: (MESH:D009266,Chemical) :: ['nalbuphine']


abstract: Since the experiments of Saffran et al. [Saffran, J., Aslin, R., _ Newport, E. (1996). Statistical learning in 8-month-old @entity1 . Science, 274, 1926-1928], there has been a great deal of interest in the question of how statistical regularities in the speech stream might be used by @entity1 to begin to identify individual words. In this work, we use computational modeling to explore the effects of different assumptions the learner might make regarding the nature of words--in particular, how these assumptions affect the kinds of words that are segmented from a corpus of transcribed @entity1 -directed speech. We develop several models within a Bayesian ideal observer framework, and use them to examine the consequences of assuming either that words are independent units, or units that help to predict other units. We show through empirical and theoretical results that the assumption of independence causes the learner to undersegment the corpus, with many two- and three-word sequences (e.g. what's that, do you, in the house) misidentified as individual words. In contrast, when the learner assumes that words are predictive, the resulting segmentation is far more accurate. These results indicate that taking context into account is important for a statistical @entity1347 strategy to be successful, and raise the possibility that even young @entity1 may be able to exploit more subtle statistical patterns than have usually been considered.

title: A Bayesian framework for XXXX : exploring the effects of context.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['word segmentation']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['word segmentation']


abstract: The alterations induced by @entity63 and @entity519 upon smooth endoplasmic membranes are studied in 38 @entity1 with @entity600 , @entity1313 and @entity131 . The effects of vasogenic and cytotoxic @entity2657 are examined in the Golgi apparatus of nerve and endothelial cells. Samples of cortical biopsies were conventionally processed for transmission electron microscopy. Cortical biopsies were performed according to the basic principles of Helsinki declaration. Slices of 2 to 5 mm were immediately fixed in the surgical room in 4% @entity3584 -0.1 M @entity10457 buffer, pH 7.4 at 4 degrees C, and postfixed in 1% @entity3734 in similar buffer. The pathological alterations of the Golgi complex were studied in samples with moderate and severe @entity2657 . Moderate @entity4 was mainly found in @entity600 and severe @entity4 in @entity1313 . In some severely @entity4 neurons, observed in @entity1276 associated to @entity1645 , small vesicular type Golgi complexes and @entity3202 were observed, characterized mainly by partial or total disappearance of stacked Golgi cisternae and presence of congregated vesicular profiles. In @entity1313 the Golgi complex showed @entity1283 and @entity1949 of the stacked cis- medial- and trans-Golgi cisternae and vacuolization of trans-Golgi network. In addition, an increased formation of Golgi and coated vesicles was observed in the cis- and trans-Golgi regions. Most Golgi and clathrin coated vesicles were observed throughout the cytoplasm suggesting an increased vesicular transport. In severe @entity4 the nerve cell plasma membranes appeared fragmented, presumably due to an interference of the protein insertion process into the plasma membrane. In @entity131 , a @entity1184 Golgi complex was observed in some nerve cells and endothelial cells of cortical capillaries, with increased formation of Golgi and coated vesicles. The @entity63 and @entity519 associated to the vasogenic and cytotoxic @entity2657 induced @entity1283 , @entity1949 and disappearance of stacked Golgi cisternae.

title: Ultrastructural pathology of Golgi apparatus of nerve cells in @entity1 XXXX associated to brain @entity600 , tumours and trauma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['brain trauma']

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours', 'brain trauma and tumours']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Arnold-Chiari malformation']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic ones']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

answer: @entity2657 :: (MESH:D001929,Disease) :: ['brain edema']


abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that certain behavioral traits, such as @entity148 , are associated with the development of @entity308 -like behaviors after exposure to chronic stress. However, single traits do not explain the wide variability in vulnerability to stress observed in outbred populations. We hypothesized that a combination of behavioral traits might provide a better characterization of an individual's vulnerability to prolonged stress. Here, we sought to determine whether the characterization of relevant behavioral traits in @entity35 could aid in identifying individuals with different vulnerabilities to developing stress-induced @entity308 -like behavioral alterations. We also investigated whether behavioral traits would be related to the development of alterations in the @entity2339 and in brain activity - as measured through phosphorylation of @entity2508 ( @entity2508 )--in response to an acute stressor following either sub-chronic (2 weeks) or chronic (4 weeks) unpredictable stress (CUS). @entity35 were characterized using a battery of behavioral tasks, and three principal traits were identified: @entity148 , exploration and activity. When combined, the first two traits were found to explain the variability in the stress responses. Our findings confirm the increased risk of animals with high @entity148 developing certain @entity308 -like behaviors (e.g., increased floating time in the forced swim test) when progressively exposed to stress. In contrast, the behavioral profile based on combined low @entity148 and low exploration was resistant to alterations related to social behaviors, while the high @entity148 and low exploration profile displayed a particularly vulnerable pattern of physiological and neurobiological responses after sub-chronic stress exposure. Our findings indicate important differences in animals' vulnerability and/or resilience to the effects of repeated stress, particularly during initial or intermediate levels of stress exposure, and they highlight that the behavioral inhibition profile of an animal provides a particular susceptibility to responding in a deleterious manner to stress.

title: Personality traits in XXXX predict vulnerability and resilience to developing stress-induced @entity308 -like behaviors, HPA axis hyper-reactivity and brain changes in pERK1/2 activity.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2508 :: ('50689;116590', 'Gene') :: ['ERK1/2', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since no epidemiologic studies have been reported about @entity85 in break-dancers, there are no data on the rates and patterns of @entity85 in this population that clinicians can use to find ways to decrease injury rate. HYPOTHESIS: We believe that the incidence of @entity130 in break-dancers is higher than assumed and that injury rates and patterns differ between professional and amateur dancers. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiologic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of a total of 42 study subjects, 23 were professional dancers and 19 were amateur dancers. Injury frequency, site and type, along with the presence of supervised training, the use of protective devices and warm-up exercises done were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 42 study subjects, excluding two amateur dancers, 40 (95.2%) had had @entity85 at more than one site. The mean number of sites per dancer was 4.60. The frequency of @entity734 on the site and was as follows: wrist (69.0%), finger (61.9%), knee (61.9%), shoulder (52.4%), lumbar spine (50.0%), elbow (42.9%), cervical spine (38.1%), ankle (38.1%), foot (28.6%) and hip (16.7%). Sprain, strain and @entity924 were the most common @entity130 , accounting for the most cases. Of the 42 dancers, 13 (31%) had had @entity174 or @entity3029 . Eight (19.1%) learned break-dancing under supervised instruction, 17 (40.5%) used protective devices and 28 (66.7%) performed warm-up exercises before dancing. There were significant differences in age, dance career length, amount of dance training, mean number of injury sites and the presence of supervised training between professionals and amateurs (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinicians must inquire thoroughly into the nature of the activities that result in both unusual and common @entity130 in break-dancers and educate them about safety. Careful screening, instruction and supervised training of break-dancers will help to prevent @entity130 .

title: XXXX in break-dancers.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal injuries']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['injury depended']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Musculoskeletal injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rate of recurrence following stereotactic aspiration of @entity2776 is not defined in the literature. AIMS: To study the long-term imaging and clinical outcome in @entity1 who had stereotactic aspiration of @entity2776 of the third ventricle. METHODS: Between 1987 and 1994, computerized tomography-guided stereotactic aspiration was attempted in 26 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2776 of the third ventricle. RESULTS: There was no mortality or permanent morbidity. A complete aspiration of the cyst was possible in 17 @entity1 , a partial aspiration of the cyst was achieved in 6 and the aspiration failed in 3 @entity1 . On long-term follow-up, symptomatic recurrence was noted in 5/6 @entity1 after partial aspiration and 4/17 @entity1 after complete aspiration (mean follow-up 84.8 months). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that after complete aspiration of the cyst, median time to recurrence on imaging is 42 months (95% CI 23.0-60.9 months) but median time to symptomatic recurrence is much later at 184 months (95% CI 88.2-279.7 months). CONCLUSIONS: Stereotactic aspiration of @entity2776 remains a valid surgical option as complete aspiration leads to a good long-term outcome in several @entity1 . Partial aspiration of the cyst should be followed by excision of the cyst, due to the high rate of symptomatic recurrence. However, periodic follow-up imaging is mandatory even after complete aspiration as delayed recurrences are possible.

title: Rate of recurrence following stereotactic aspiration of XXXX of the third ventricle.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2776 :: ('MESH:D056364', 'Disease') :: ['colloid cysts']

answer: @entity2776 :: (MESH:D056364,Disease) :: ['colloid cysts']


abstract: Reports on the use of @entity2816 in the last 20 years have described favorable responses in a variety of inflammatory conditions. We have performed an open trial to begin to assess further its efficacy in @entity309 ( @entity309 ). During a 3-year-period, 31 @entity1 with chronic active @entity309 were enrolled into a 4-month open trial using @entity2816 , to assess its efficacy and safety. Of these @entity1 , 21 began the study taking 300 mg/day and the other 10 @entity1 began at lesser doses that were increased gradually. @entity1 were evaluated at least 7 times during the 4-month study. Of the 31 @entity1 , 17 (55%) withdrew from the study over the course of 12 weeks because of adverse events and no benefit was seen in any of these @entity1 with a mean dose of 177 mg/day. There were 14 @entity1 taking @entity2816 for 4 months, and 4 of the 14 (29%) responded to therapy, satisfying at least 4 of the 6 Paulus criteria; 6 of 14 (43%) partially responded to therapy, satisfying 3 of the 6 Paulus criteria; and 4 of 14 (29%) did not respond, with each group taking average dosages, respectively, of 304 mg/day, 264 mg/day, and 303 mg/day. Of the 14 @entity1 completing the 4-month study, 9 @entity1 consented to participate in an extended trial of @entity2816 treatment for at least 4 more months. @entity1 showing partial benefit within the first 4 months are more likely to show definite benefit later on.This study did not confirm the level of effect previously reported with @entity2816 . However, some @entity1 with previously refractory @entity309 did improve. Although we had no comparison group, we believe that, as an investigational therapy, @entity2816 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity309 for whom other conventional treatment approaches have failed. @entity2816 should be administered initially at 50 mg/hs for 1-2 weeks and then increased by 50 mg every 1-2 weeks as tolerated. The major obstacle to short term use of @entity2816 is drowsiness and the major adverse effect to long term use is @entity1897 .

title: Open trial of @entity2816 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The use of data processing in their otology clinic allowed the authors a better approach to @entity8719 and to its treatment, thus completing the knowledge of the @entity66 according to their enzymatic concept. An important material has been gathered since 1959 to the present (June 1, 1974), based on more than 16 000 stapedectomies and nearly 100 000 otology out- @entity1 . It has been studied both through a conventional method and an informatic one on the computer of their clinic. Statistical data, apparently valuable, could be drawn from this mass of information for each @entity1 , starting from his first consultation and following him through his secondary consultations, operation, immediate postoperative follow-up and various postoperative check-ups performed. It also takes into account the general state of the @entity1 and all the accidents which may happen during a remote postoperative period. First of all, the authors give the data for these statistics established according to the systematization of the parameters for @entity8719 they have previously published in 1973. In the first part, they gather statistical data obtained about the @entity66 itself, some of which differ from the classical notions of frequency or importance. These statistical conclusions confirm some percentages stated by other authors (predominance of the @entity1 and of the white race, severity of the disease in the young, etc.), but differ in relation to the number of deafs, the percentage of @entity8719 in comparison, to the bilateral ones, the importance of @entity8719 , the separate valuation of audiometric stages and that of anatomic types, the relation between age and anatomic type, finally the respective frequency of pre-and postoperative vertigos. In the second part, which will be presented later, the authors will study the postoperative functional results obtained within a period of 15 years by stapedectomy according to three techniques. But the particularity of this study will be the fact that functional results will not be considered only from the operative point of view, but from the whole of the factors acting upon the functional result, i.e.: operative mechanical factor, @entity2483 , finally general state of the @entity1 . We will thus have a better knowledge of this very peculiar disease of the otic capsule, hat is @entity8719 , characterized by its two phases: a first lytic phase provoked by an enzymatic factor, then a second rebuilding phase according to a pseudo haversian process. During the long progression of the disease, these two phases intermingle and juxtapose much more than they follow each other in the course of time.

title: [Contribution of data processing in @entity8719 . Part I. Statistics on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral otospongiosis', 'pure cochlear otospongiosis', 'otospongiosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['otospongiotic cochlear component']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['otospongiotic disease']

answer: @entity8719 :: (MESH:D010040,Disease) :: ['otospongiosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is well known that a poorly differentiated @entity1204 shows more rapid progression and a worse response to therapy than a well-differentiated @entity1204 . Qualitative and quantitative changes of cell surface glycolipids occur during @entity5 . @entity10839 is one of the sulfated glycolipids in the cell membrane that may have an important role in various functions such as cell adhesion. To examine the molecular background of the morphological and biological features of well-differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 , we measured the levels of lipids, especially glycolipids, in @entity5 tissues from @entity1 with @entity1204 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We determined the composition of lipids and glycolipids in @entity5 tissues, investigated glycosyltransferase messenger RNA expression by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and assessed the localization of @entity15226 sulfotransferase (an enzyme involved in @entity10839 biosynthesis) by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed between well-differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity5 with respect to the levels of @entity14839 , @entity165 , phospholipids, @entity4554 , @entity9932 , neutral glycolipids of the globo series, and @entity26783 . However, the amount of @entity4496 in well-differentiated @entity5 was significantly greater than that in poorly differentiated @entity5 , which was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and immunostaining with a monoclonal antisulfatide antibody. Altered expression of @entity10839 was found to be secondary to a change of @entity15226 sulfotransferase messenger RNA expression. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that @entity15226 sulfotransferase expression was characteristically observed in glandular areas but not in solid areas. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity10839 contributes to the well-differentiated phenotype of @entity1204 and that it is being expressed in normal uterine endometrium at sites of gland formation during the luteal phase, as we have previously reported.

title: Enhanced expression of XXXX , a sulfated glycolipid, in well-differentiated @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14839 :: ('CHEBI:17002', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol ester']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity15226 :: ('CHEBI:36498', 'Chemical') :: ['galactosylceramide']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

entities_list: @entity10839 :: ('CHEBI:18318', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatide', 'Sulfatide']

entities_list: @entity4554 :: ('MESH:C007045', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity4496 :: ('MESH:D013433', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfatides']

entities_list: @entity26783 :: ('MESH:D005679', 'Chemical') :: ['GM3 ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity10839 :: (CHEBI:18318,Chemical) :: ['sulfatide']


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe self-care strategies used by @entity1 with @entity2 to promote quality of life (QOL). RESEARCH APPROACH: Qualitative study using a phenomenologic approach. SETTING: Cancer clinics in central Texas. @entity1 : Purposive sampling was used to enroll 10 adults with @entity2 who had completed primary treatment within the prior two years. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH: One-on-one, semistructured, audiotaped interviews were conducted. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: QOL and self-care strategies. FINDINGS: @entity1 identified family and social support, functional independence, physical well-being, and spirituality as important aspects of QOL. @entity1 identified @entity1295 as the factor most negatively affecting QOL. Self-care strategies identified to improve QOL were primarily related to @entity1295 management. Rest was the primary self-care strategy reportedly recommended by healthcare providers, but this strategy was ineffective. Helpful self-care strategies included budgeting time and energy, maintaining contact with family and friends for support, and prayer. CONCLUSIONS: This study documents the negative effect of @entity1295 on QOL in @entity1 with @entity2 . Use of rest to manage @entity1295 's pervasive negative effect on QOL is a common self-care strategy, reportedly recommended by healthcare providers, but is ineffective by itself to manage @entity1295 and improve QOL. INTERPRETATION: Healthcare providers should assess self-care strategies used by @entity1 with @entity2 to promote improved QOL. Because @entity1295 has a documented negative effect on QOL in @entity1 with @entity2 , providers should encourage the use of multidimensional strategies that have been supported by research evidence to manage @entity1295 and improve QOL.

title: Self-care strategies used by @entity1 with XXXX to promote quality of life.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In transplant @entity1 with @entity263 , irradiation is not proposed as often as it is in healthy adults because of the post-radiation risks, such as @entity1901 and @entity344 as the result of fragile tissue. The objective of the study was to analyze the efficacy and feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for @entity263 in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). METHODS: Between May 2005 and December 2014, all @entity1 who had undergone IMRT for clinically @entity263 at our institution were retrospectively identified (n  = 365). Of these @entity1 , 2 had a history of renal transplantation. We reviewed all available clinical data. One @entity1 had a functioning graft and the other had restarted hemodialysis 7 years after the transplantation. RESULTS: The mean time from @entity703 diagnosis was 11 years. The mean follow-up after irradiation was 43 months. The 2 @entity1 remain free of @entity1486 progression. There was no severe @entity344 . Renal function of the @entity1 with a functioning graft as measured by serum @entity1011 was stable during and after the irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT is feasible and acceptable as a minimally invasive treatment in the carefully selected RTRs with @entity263 . This treatment should be considered a good option for RTRs with @entity263 .

title: Efficacy and Feasibility of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for XXXX in Renal Transplant Recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1901 :: ('MESH:D014515', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity', 'acute and chronic genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplantation to prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5419 ( @entity5419 ) and @entity1712 ( @entity1712 ) are increasingly common clinical problems. Dendritic cells (DCs) are key regulators of the sensitization and effector phases of allergic immune responses, but their role in these diseases is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate for alterations in the phenotype and function of DCs in @entity1 with IgE-mediated @entity6132 or @entity1712 compared with their non-affected siblings. METHODS: Plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs) were prepared from peripheral blood of @entity1 with @entity6132 ( @entity5419 ), @entity1712 , and non-affected siblings (CON). Purified pDCs and mDCs were cultured alone or with autologous @entity404 (+) lymphocytes. Cytokine levels in plasma, or culture supernatants following stimulation, were measured using multiplex array immunoassay. Cell-surface molecule expression was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS: DCs from @entity5419 subjects produced greater levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines ( @entity650 , @entity310 ), granulocyte macrophage-colony forming factor, and mDC-derived IL-10 compared with controls following allergen exposure. T(H) 2 but not T(H) 1 cytokines were spontaneously produced in DC- @entity404 (+) T cell co-cultures from @entity1 with @entity5419 and were not significantly increased after stimulation with milk extract, suggesting an ongoing activation in vivo. This hypothesis was further supported by evidence for elevated @entity225 and @entity4047 protein in the plasma of @entity1 with both @entity5419 and @entity1712 . The only significant DC phenotypic differences were: (1) reduced levels of @entity7938 in @entity1712 subjects and (2) @entity10685 expression that correlated with serum IgE levels in both groups of subjects. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that DCs from @entity1 with @entity5419 and @entity1712 produce more pro-inflammatory cytokines, and that their @entity404 (+) T cells are spontaneously activated to produce T(H) 2 cytokines in the presence of @entity10685 -bearing DCs.

title: Dendritic cell and T cell responses in XXXX with @entity5419 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic oesophagitis', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'Food allergy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2359 has been observed after systemic high-dose and intrathecal @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment. The role of biochemical @entity1500 -induced alterations of the @entity1501 and @entity5498 -transfer pathway in the development of @entity2359 symptoms is not yet fully elucidated. PROCEDURE: @entity1500 , @entity7615 , @entity4181 , @entity7726 , and @entity13710 were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 29 @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) who were treated with high-dose @entity1500 (5 g/m(2)) followed by @entity460 folinate rescue (3 x 15 mg/m(2)) and/or intrathecal (8-12 mg) @entity1500 . Two @entity1 developed subacute @entity1500 -associated @entity2359 . CSF was obtained by lumbal puncture 1-3 weeks after administration of @entity1500 and shortly after the occurrence of @entity2359 . The analytes were measured using HPLC assays with UV and/or fluorescence detection. RESULTS: In non-toxic @entity1 , CSF concentrations of @entity7615 and @entity7726 were in the normal range 2 weeks after administration of high-dose and intrathecal @entity1500 followed by rescue. In contrast, when these @entity1 received intrathecal @entity1500 without rescue, @entity7615 concentrations were significantly decreased 12 days after the first @entity1500 administration. @entity7726 concentrations were significantly decreased up to 45 days. The two @entity1 suffering from @entity2359 had decreased levels of @entity7615 and @entity7726 during or following @entity137 . @entity13710 was determined in all samples of @entity2359 @entity1 but was below the limit of quantification in most samples of non-toxic @entity1 . @entity4181 was not detected; @entity1500 was present only in samples obtained during its infusion. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity1500 without folinate rescue as well as @entity1500 -associated @entity2359 are likely to be associated with specific alterations of the @entity1501 and @entity5498 -transfer pathway.

title: @entity1499 -associated alterations of the @entity1501 and @entity5498 -transfer pathway in the CSF of @entity981 XXXX with and without symptoms of @entity2359 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium folinate', 'calcium folinate']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7615 :: ('MESH:C005984', 'Chemical') :: ['5-methyltetrahydrofolate']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'neurotoxic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting with the @entity432 can be used in primary operations and reoperations to revascularize the inferior or anterior surface of the heart. METHODS: @entity1 who had symptomatic @entity453 limited to a single coronary distribution were selected. Coronary targets were grafted with the pedicled @entity432 through a small midline epigastric incision. @entity1 were followed with scheduled outpatient clinic visits, Doppler examination, and selective recatheterization. RESULTS: Between May 1995 and November 1997, 74 @entity1 underwent @entity432 minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting; 33 (45%) had a primary operation and 41 (55%), a reoperation. Grafting was performed to the distal right coronary artery (n = 38), the posterior descending artery (n = 28), or the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 8). There were six deaths (8%) within 30 days after operation. Twenty @entity1 (28%) underwent recatheterization; there were two graft occlusions, two graft stenoses, and five anastomotic stenoses. Of 60 @entity1 seen 2 or more weeks after operation, 53 (88%) had @entity1109 at a mean follow-up of 10.9 months (range, 0 to 30 months). CONCLUSIONS: Inferior minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting with the @entity432 avoids the risks of repeat sternotomy, aortic manipulation, and cardiopulmonary bypass. Patency rates, however, were lower than expected, and there is significant morbidity and mortality associated with high-risk @entity1 undergoing the procedure. Continued follow-up is essential to evaluate long-term graft patency and @entity1 survival.

title: Initial experience with MIDCAB grafting using the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['gastroepiploic artery']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['resolution of anginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['gastroepiploic artery']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of evaluating @entity741 -reperfusion injury in @entity19 with targeted myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). METHODS: Phospholipid microbubbles targeted to P-selectin ( @entity10927 ) and control microbubbles (MBc) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibody against @entity19 P-selectin or isotype control antibody with the lipid shell via "avidin- @entity1885 " bridging. Ten @entity19 with @entity741 -reperfusion were injected intravenously of @entity10927 and MBc in a random order with a 30 min interval. After 5 min of intravenous injection of microbubble, targeted MCE imaging was performed in all @entity19 . And then the video intensity (VI) was determined. RESULTS: A significant ultrasonic enhancement was observed in ischemic region of @entity10927 -group. Increment in VI value of @entity63 region in @entity10927 -group was great and it amounted to (26.0 +/- 6.2) U. However, increment in VI value of @entity63 region in MBc-group was minor and it was merely (9.1 +/- 0.9) U. Difference was evident in @entity63 region between of two groups (P < 0.05). In both @entity10927 -group and MBc-group, the VI value of @entity63 region was significantly greater than that of non-ischemic region (6.5 +/- 1.0) U vs (6.4 +/- 0.8) U (P < 0.05). There was no obvious difference in the VI of non-ischemic region between two groups. CONCLUSION: Molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography can effectively evaluate @entity741 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX -reperfusion injury in @entity19 by molecular imaging of P-selectin with targeted contrast echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: The induction of a high-level of chimerism (macrochimerism) may be the most reliable strategy for achieving donor-specific tolerance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new protocol using @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and @entity7420 ( @entity7420 ) to induce high-level chimerism following @entity35 whole-limb allotransplantation. In this study, we investigated whether the timing of @entity348 influenced the period of graft survival. In total, 50 whole-limb allotransplants from LacZ transgenic @entity35 to LEW @entity35 were performed. @entity348 was performed at days 0 and 14, and @entity7420 was given for 4 days after @entity348 . @entity1140 was given for 28 days after transplant. Nontreated limb allografts were rejected after 4.2 days. The survival time was prolonged to 64 days in the @entity1140 monotherapy group. In the group receiving @entity348 at day 14, limb allograft survival was significantly prolonged to 81 days. In the group receiving @entity348 at day 0, 26% of recipients died but in the surviving recipients the grafts survived for longer than 1 year without lethal @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed a high level of intrabone marrow chimerism in the recipient, thus demonstrating successful induction of macrochimerism. A new protocol of pretransplant @entity348 followed by treatment with @entity7420 and @entity1140 was found to induce a high level of chimerism and to significantly prolong the survival of limb allografts in recipients without lethal @entity2132 .

title: Prolonged survival of experimental extremity allografts: a new protocol with total body irradiation, @entity7420 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7420 :: ('25610(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony stimulation factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total-body irradiation', 'TBI']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: Accumulating evidence suggests that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional kinase implicated in neuronal development, mood stabilization, and @entity179 . However, the synaptic actions of GSK-3 are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the impact of GSK-3 on @entity140 receptor (AMPAR) channels, the major mediator of excitatory transmission, in cortical neurons. Application of GSK-3 inhibitors or knockdown of GSK-3 caused a significant reduction of the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC), a readout of the unitary strength of synaptic AMPARs. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors also decreased surface and synaptic @entity7335 clusters on dendrites and increased internalized @entity7335 in cortical cultures. @entity4814 , the small GTPase controlling the transport from plasma membrane to early endosomes, was activated by GSK-3 inhibitors. Knockdown of @entity4814 prevented GSK-3 inhibitors from regulating mEPSC amplitude. Guanyl @entity377 dissociation inhibitor (GDI), which regulates the cycle of @entity4814 between membrane and cytosol, formed an increased complex with @entity4814 after treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors. Blocking the function of GDI occluded the effect of GSK-3 inhibitors on mEPSC amplitude. In cells transfected with the non-phosphorylatable GDI mutant, GDI( @entity26685 ), GSK-3 inhibitors lost the capability to regulate GDI- @entity4814 complex, mEPSC amplitude, and AMPAR surface expression. These results suggest that GSK-3, via altering the GDI- @entity4814 complex, regulates @entity4814 -mediated endocytosis of AMPARs. It provides a potential mechanism underlying the role of GSK-3 in synaptic transmission and plasticity.

title: Regulation of XXXX receptor trafficking and function by glycogen synthase kinase 3.

entities_list: @entity26685 :: ('p|SUB|S|45|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S45A']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prenatal @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) treatment in @entity774 ( @entity774 ) is effective in reducing virilization in affected @entity1 , but other lasting effects are largely unknown. Here, we explore potential side effects of the treatment that will eventually help to make risk benefit analyses of the treatment. Therefore, we investigated the long-term effects of such prenatal @entity9170 treatment on @entity146 and temperament in @entity1 aged 7-17years. Standardized parent-completed questionnaires were used to evaluate adaptive functioning, @entity146 (using CBCL), social @entity148 (SPAI-C-P), and temperament (EAS). Self-reports were used to assess the @entity1 's own perception of social @entity148 (SASC-R). The study compared 34 @entity9170 -treated @entity1 and adolescents who were treated during the first trimester of fetal life and do not have @entity774 with 66 untreated controls from the Swedish population. No statistically significant differences were found between groups, suggesting that healthy @entity1 who were treated with @entity9170 during early fetal life seem to be well adjusted without major @entity146 as assessed by their parents. Moreover, self-reported social @entity148 was not increased in @entity9170 -exposed @entity1 and adolescents. In fact, the control group scored higher on items assessing @entity148 in new, social situations. Nevertheless, for some of these comparisons, non-significant moderate to large effect sizes were observed, implying that the null findings should be interpreted with caution and require studies on larger, internationally combined cohorts.

title: Evaluation of XXXX after prenatal @entity619 treatment in Swedish adolescents at risk of @entity774 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems', 'behavioral and emotional problems', 'behavioral or emotional problems']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia', 'CAH']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['behavioral problems']


abstract: M2 receptors have long been believed to be the only functional subtype of muscarinic @entity934 receptor (mAChR) in the heart, although recent studies have provided evidence for the presence of other subtypes. We performed a detailed study to clarify this issue. In the presence of @entity30715 (1 microM to 10 mM), a novel K+ current with both delayed rectifying and inward rectifying properties (IKTMA) was activated in single @entity235 atrial myocytes. @entity973 (0.05-2 mM) also induced a K+ current (IK4AP) with characteristics similar to but distinct from those of IKTMA. Both IKTMA and IK4AP were abolished by 1 microM @entity3897 . IK4AP, but not IKTMA, was minimized by treatment with pertussis toxin. IKTMA was markedly decreased by @entity4139 (a selective antagonist for M3 subtype) but was not altered by @entity4140 (for M1), @entity10258 (for M2), and @entity12023 (for M4). @entity12023 substantially reduced IK4AP, but the antagonists for other mAChR subtypes had no effects on IK4AP. By comparison, IKACh ( @entity3451 -induced K+ current) was significantly depressed by @entity10258 but was unaltered by other antagonists. Results from displacement binding of [methyl-3H]N-scopolamine methyl chloride with @entity4140 , @entity10258 , @entity4139 , or @entity12023 revealed the coexistence of multiple mAChR subtypes in @entity235 atrium. Cloning of cDNA fragments and detection of mRNAs coding for M2, M3, and M4 provided further supporting evidence. Our results suggest that 1) multiple subtypes of mAChRs (M2/M3/M4) coexist in the @entity235 heart and 2) different subtypes of mAChRs are coupled to different @entity3529 channels. Our findings represent the first functional evidence for the physiological role of cardiac M3 and M4 receptors.

title: Identification and characterization of multiple subtypes of muscarinic @entity934 receptors and their physiological functions in XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity10258 :: ('MESH:C054938', 'Chemical') :: ['methoctramine']

entities_list: @entity4139 :: ('MESH:C042375', 'Chemical') :: ['4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methiodide']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity12023 :: ('MESH:D014331', 'Chemical') :: ['Tropicamide', 'tropicamide']

entities_list: @entity30715 :: ('MESH:C027917', 'Chemical') :: ['tetramethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the added value of intensive self-monitoring of blood @entity413 (SMBG), structured in timing and frequency, in noninsulin-treated @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The 12-month, randomized, clinical trial enrolled 1,024 @entity1 with noninsulin-treated @entity164 2 @entity6 (median baseline HbA1c, 7.3% [IQR, 6.9-7.8%]) at 39 @entity6 clinics in Italy. After standardized education, 501 @entity1 were randomized to @entity2383 ( @entity2383 ) with 4-point glycemic profiles (fasting, preprandial, 2-h postprandial, and postabsorptive measurements) performed 3 days/week; 523 @entity1 were randomized to active control (AC) with 4-point glycemic profiles performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. Two primary end points were tested in hierarchical order: @entity4051 c change at 12 months and percentage of @entity1 at risk target for low and high blood @entity413 index. RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analysis showed greater HbA1c reductions over 12 months in @entity2383 (-0.39%) than in AC @entity1 (-0.27%), with a between-group difference of -0.12% (95% CI, -0.210 to -0.024; P=0.013). In the per-protocol analysis, the between-group difference was -0.21% (-0.331 to -0.089; P=0.0007). More @entity2383 than AC @entity1 achieved clinically meaningful reductions in HbA1c (>0.3, >0.4, or >0.5%) at study end (P<0.025). The proportion of @entity1 reaching/maintaining the risk target at month 12 was similar in @entity2383 (74.6%) and AC (70.1%) @entity1 (P=0.131). At visits 2, 3, and 4, @entity6 medications were changed more often in @entity2383 than in AC @entity1 (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of structured SMBG improves glycemic control and provides guidance in prescribing @entity6 medications in @entity1 with relatively well-controlled noninsulin-treated @entity164 2 @entity6 .

title: Intensive structured self-monitoring of blood @entity413 and glycemic control in noninsulin-treated XXXX 2 @entity6 : the PRISMA randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ISM', 'intensive structured monitoring']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity173 place a large burden on healthcare and determining the variation in incidence is important to plan resources. We found, in Northern Ireland, that the age-related incidence for @entity1 is declining but the incidence for @entity1 and the total number of @entity174 remains static as the elderly population increases. INTRODUCTION: @entity173 place a significant burden on healthcare systems throughout the world. Recent studies have shown that the incidence is starting to decline or plateau. We aimed to study the incidence of @entity173 in 2001 and 2011 within Northern Ireland and hope to guide further service provision. METHODS: The years 2001 and 2011 were selected as accurate census population data was available. The Hospital Inpatient System (HIS) database was used to collect the data and the search was carried out by a statistician using ICD codes S72.0 and S72.1. RESULTS: The total incidence of @entity173 in the population aged 50 and over fell from 358 per 100,000 to 274 per 100,000. In females, the incidence fell from 513 to 412 per 100,000. In males, the incidence increased from 172 to 178 per 100,000. The total number of @entity173 remained static (1737 in 2001 and 1739 in 2011) as a result of an increase in the elderly population. Incidence and total number of @entity2249 (S72.0) declined while the incidence and total number of pertrochanteric @entity174 (S72.1) increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in keeping with the declining trend in hip @entity174 incidence in many Western countries, though we found that this is only true for @entity1 . The exact reasons for this remain unclear but are likely to be multifactorial. In the future, the number of @entity174 may increase further given the increasingly elderly population and further provision particularly for @entity1 with pertrochanteric @entity174 will be required. Increased awareness, diagnosis and treatment of males with @entity170 should be prioritised.

title: Falling age-related incidence of @entity173 in XXXX , but not @entity1 , in Northern Ireland: 2001-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'Hip fractures']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy was first undertaken in the early 1990s, and appreciable numbers of @entity1 with 10-year follow-up periods are now available. This study was undertaken to determine long-term outcomes after laparoscopic Heller myotomy used to treat @entity1318 . METHODS: Of 337 @entity1 who have undergone laparoscopic Heller myotomy since 1992, 47 who underwent myotomy more than 10 years ago have been followed through a prospectively maintained registry. Among many symptoms, @entity1 scored @entity1282 , @entity662 , @entity391 , regurgitation, choking, and heartburn before and after myotomy using a Likert scale with choices ranging from 0 (never/not bothersome) to 10 (always/very bothersome). Symptom scores before and after myotomy were compared using a Wilcoxon matched-pairs test. Data are reported as median (mean    standard deviation). RESULTS: The median length of the hospital stay was 2 days (mean, 3    8.6 days; range, 1-60 days). Notable complications were infrequent after myotomy. There were no perioperative @entity204 . One @entity1 required a redo myotomy after 5 years due to recurrence of symptoms. At this writing, 33 @entity1 (70%) are still alive. The causes of @entity204 after discharge were unrelated to myotomy. The frequency and severity scores for @entity1282 , @entity662 , @entity391 , regurgitation, choking, and heartburn all decreased significantly after laparoscopic Heller myotomy (p < 0.0001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy can be undertaken with few complications. This procedure significantly decreases the frequency and severity of @entity1318 symptoms without promoting heartburn. The symptoms of @entity1318 are durably ameliorated by laparoscopic Heller myotomy during long-term follow-up evaluation, thereby promoting application of this procedure.

title: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy for XXXX : results after 10 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the aerobic capacity and muscle strength in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2406 ( @entity2406 ). Frequently reported clinical symptoms include @entity4 , @entity425 , @entity1295 , decreased stamina/exercise tolerance, and @entity1353 . The exercise capacity of @entity1 with @entity2406 has not been studied systematically in this detail before. METHODS: Eleven @entity1 and adolescents diagnosed with @entity2406 (mean age 15.7 years, range 11.3   19.9 years) were studied. Maximal exercise testing on a cycle ergometer was used to determine the peak @entity26 uptake (VO2peak) and a hand-held dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength. Cardiac and pulmonary function tests (ultrasonography, electrocardiography, spirometry) were used to measure cardiac function and obstructive or restrictive @entity1576 . Complementary data (e.g. disease duration and concurrent symptoms) were collected from a medical chart review. RESULTS: VO2peak was significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity2406 compared to the VO2peak of healthy subjects (Z-score    1.9, p = 0.008). The strength of the proximal muscles (hip flexors, shoulder abductors, knee extensors) of the @entity1 was significantly lower than in the controls, whereas the strength of the distal muscles (dorsal flexors of the foot and handgrip strength) showed no differences. In eight @entity1 , @entity625 was observed. No clinically relevant impairment in @entity299 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic capacity and also proximal muscle strength were significantly impaired in our sample of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity2406 . Because respiratory problems were non-dominant in our @entity1 group, the decreased aerobic capacity and muscle strength were probably caused by @entity85 . Further studies in larger multicentre samples are warranted to confirm our findings.

title: Aerobic capacity and muscle strength in juvenile-onset @entity2406 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['joint swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory impairment']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac or pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal impairments']

entities_list: @entity2406 :: ('MESH:D008947', 'Disease') :: ['mixed connective tissue disease', 'MCTD']

answer: @entity2406 :: (MESH:D008947,Disease) :: ['MCTD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : Video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy has been practiced in Australia for nearly two decades. Our aim was to assess the complete stable remission and @entity10094 rates after VATS thymectomy in nonthymomatous @entity1737 . There remains doubt that minimally invasive techniques achieve equal remission rates to open maximal operations. Therefore, we report our outcomes using the @entity1737 Foundation of America (MGFA) Clinical Classification and Kaplan-Meier analysis and compare the results to the literature. METHODS: : A retrospective analysis of 78 consecutive @entity1 undergoing right VATS thymectomy between April 1994 and March 2007 at two Thoracic Surgery Units in Melbourne, Australia, was undertaken. @entity1 with @entity704 were excluded. Therefore, 57 @entity1 were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months to apply the MGFA Clinical Classification. VATS thymectomy was performed by a three-port right side technique. RESULTS: : The complete stable remission rate was 15% at 3 years and 28% at 5 years. The @entity10094 rate was 59% at 5 years. Median follow-up was 32 months. No prognostic factors for remission were identified. The overall morbidity rate was 14% (8/57). CONCLUSIONS: : Right VATS thymectomy achieves comparable remission and @entity10094 rates to other minimally invasive and open techniques when compared with studies using either MGFA or older criteria.

title: VATS thymectomy for nonthymomatous XXXX : standardized outcome assessment using the @entity1737 foundation of America clinical classification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis', 'Myasthenia Gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: @entity2816 is a potent anti- @entity1582 drug which can produce up to a 30-50% overall response rate (ORR) in pre-treated, chemorefractory multiple @entity1582 . Most authors agree with using 200 mg/daily with associated high dose @entity619 (40 mg/daily x 4 days, 3 times monthly) considering lower doses investigational. We report our experience using @entity2816 100 mg/daily plus @entity619 40 mg/daily once a month, in 27 pre-treated @entity1 . @entity2816 dose excalation and/or association with other drugs were established on the basis of the @entity1 's response. Median age was 69 years (range 50-83 years) and 16 male and 11 female @entity1 were treated. All @entity1 had received more than 1 treatment line (range 1-5). @entity2816 was increased up to 300 mg/daily in 10 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 received up to 400 mg/daily. Two @entity1 were not evaluable because of @entity204 , 1 did not tolerate @entity2816 because of pulmonary and neurological side-effects. Sixteen @entity1 responded to this treatment, with an ORR of 66%. The combination of low-dose @entity2816 plus monthly high-dose @entity619 in chemorefractory @entity1582 showed interesting palliative results. According to our data, increasing @entity2816 dosage and/or adding further drugs does not generally produce significant improvement.

title: XXXX plus monthly high-dose @entity619 in chemorefractory @entity1582 . Results of a phase II clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

answer: @entity2816 :: (MESH:D013792,Chemical) :: ['Thalidomide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 and diminished health status are common in adults with @entity6 , but few studies have investigated associations with socio-economic environment. The objective of this manuscript was to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level SES and health status and @entity308 . METHODS: Individual-level data on 1010 @entity1 at baseline in Look AHEAD (Action for Health in @entity6 ), a trial of long-term weight loss among adults with type 2 @entity6 , were linked to neighborhood-level SES (% living below poverty) from the 2000 US Census (tracts). Dependent variables included @entity308 (Beck Inventory), and health status (Medical Outcomes Study (SF-36) scale). Multi-level regression models were used to account simultaneously for individual-level age, sex, race, education, personal yearly income and neighborhood-level SES. RESULTS: Overall, the % living in poverty in the @entity1 ' neighborhoods varied, mean =11% (range 0-67%). Compared to their counterparts in the lowest tertile of neighborhood poverty (least poverty), those in the highest tertile (most poverty) had significantly lower scores on the role-limitations(physical), role limitations(emotional), physical functioning, social functioning, mental health, and vitality sub-scales of the SF-36 scale. When evaluating SF-36 composite scores, those living in neighborhoods with more poverty had significantly lower scores on the physical health (beta-coefficient [beta]= -1.90 units, 95% CI: -3.40,-0.039), mental health (beta= -2.92 units, -4.31,-1.53) and global health (beta= -2.77 units, -4.21,-1.33) composite scores. CONCLUSION: In this selected group of weight loss trial @entity1 , lower neighborhood SES was significantly associated with poorer health status. Whether these associations might influence response to the Look AHEAD weight loss intervention requires further investigation.

title: Neighborhood socioeconomic status, @entity308 , and health status in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in XXXX ) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In bone metabolism, @entity141 disturbance and oxidative damage are the main biochemical factors related to pathology. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells that also control bone endocrinology. Endocrine hormones and proteins are matured, folded, and secreted in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER stress has emerged as a new pathological mechanism to explain bone disturbance. Here we studied the role of porcine placenta hydrolysates (PPHs) in the regulation of ER stress. METHODS: Cell viability was determined in vitro using @entity3460 dye exclusion. ER stress and apoptosis were evaluated using immunoblotting and a caspase kit. The fluorescent @entity141 -binding dye @entity593 /AM was used to measure changes in intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i). ROS levels, @entity1110 oxidase activity, and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) activity were also measured. RESULTS: PPHs protected @entity19 osteoblastic cells against @entity2426 (Tg)-induced ER stress. Moreover, PPHs regulated @entity36225 activities, thereby protecting against cell death, and also regulated Tg-induced @entity141 release. The @entity141 chelator BAPT/AM also regulated @entity36225 activities and prevented @entity141 stress-induced cell death. In the presence of PPHs or @entity18650 /AM, @entity141 -related ROS were also regulated, as demonstrated by alterations in @entity1110 oxidase and SOD activity. CONCLUSIONS: PPHs appear to regulate bone metabolism disturbance by controlling @entity141 concentrations, and thus ER stress and ROS, in osteoblasts cultured in vitro.

title: Porcine placenta hydrolysates regulate calcium disturbance in XXXX osteoblastic cells.

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['MC3T3-E1']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This chapter describes the characteristics of adult @entity1 on @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in the UK in 2011. The prevalence rates per million population (pmp) were calculated for Primary Care Trusts in England, Health and Social Care areas in Northern Ireland, Local Health Boards in Wales and Health Boards (HB) in Scotland (PCT/HB areas). METHODS: Data were electronically collected from all 71 renal centres within the UK. A series of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were performed to describe the demographics of prevalent @entity8 @entity1 in 2011 at centre and national level. Age and gender standardised ratios for prevalence rates in PCT/ HBs were calculated. RESULTS: There were 53,207 adult @entity1 receiving @entity8 in the UK on 31st December 2011. The UK adult prevalence of @entity8 was 842 pmp. This represented an annual increase in prevalent numbers of approximately 4%, although there was variation between centres and PCT/HB areas. The growth rate from 2010 to 2011 for prevalent @entity1 by treatment modality in the UK was an increase of 1.7% for haemodialysis (HD), a fall of 2.2% for @entity298 ( @entity298 ) and an increase of 4.7% with a functioning transplant. There has been a slow but steady decline in the proportion of dialysis @entity1 receiving @entity298 since 2000. In contrast, the number of @entity1 receiving home HD has increased 16% since 2010. Median @entity8 vintage for @entity1 on HD was 3.3 years, @entity298 1.8 years and for those @entity1 with a transplant, 10.3 years. The median age of prevalent @entity1 was 58.2 years (HD 66.5 years, @entity298 62.7 years, transplant 51.7 years) compared to 55 years in 2000. For all ages the prevalence rate in @entity1 exceeded that in @entity1 , peaking in age group 75-79 years at 2,918 pmp in males. For females the peak was in age group 65-69 years at 1,460 pmp. The most common recorded renal diagnosis was @entity631 (biopsy proven/not biopsy proven) (19%), followed by uncertain (18%). Transplantation was the most common treatment modality (48.6%), HD in 43.9% and @entity298 7.6%. However, HD was increasingly common with increasing age and transplantation less common. CONCLUSIONS: The HD and transplant population continued to expand whilst the @entity298 population contracted. There were national, regional and dialysis centre level variations in prevalence rates. Prevalent @entity1 were on average three years older than 10 years ago. This has implications for service planning and ensuring equity of care for @entity8 @entity1 .

title: UK Renal Registry 15th annual report: Chapter 2 UK XXXX prevalence in 2011: national and centre-speci   c analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RRT', 'renal replacement therapy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['RRT']


abstract: @entity22756 (IMD) is a novel member of the @entity175 /calcitonin gene-related peptide family. We investigated the cardioprotective mechanism of IMD(1-53) in the in vivo @entity35 model of @entity741 /reperfusion (I/R) injury and in vitro primary neonatal cardiomyocyte model of @entity519 /reoxygenation (H/R). @entity583 size was measured by @entity5045 staining. Cardiomyocyte viability was determined by @entity3460 staining, cell injury by @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity1977 nick-end labeling assay, Hoechst staining, gel electrophoresis and @entity4124 activity. The translocation of mitochondrial cytochrome c of myocardia and expression of apoptosis-related factors @entity1976 and @entity2310 , phosphorylated @entity2308 and phosphorylated @entity9096 were determined by western blot analysis. IMD(1-53) (20 nmol/kg) limited the @entity583 size in @entity35 with I/R; the @entity1188 size was decreased by 54%, the apoptotic index by 30%, and @entity4124 activity by 32%; and the translocation of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol was attenuated. IMD(1-53) increased the mRNA and protein expression of @entity1976 and ratio of @entity1976 to @entity2310 by 81 and 261%, respectively. IMD(1-53) (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) inhibited the H/R effect in cardiomyocytes by reducing cell death by 43% and LDH leakage by 16%; diminishing cellular apoptosis; decreasing @entity4124 activity by 50%; and increasing the phosphorylated @entity2308 and @entity9096 by 41 and 90%, respectively. The cytoprotection of IMD(1-53) was abolished with @entity2306 , a PI3K inhibitor. In conclusion, IMD(1-53) exerts cardioprotective effect against @entity296 /R injury through the activation of the @entity2308 / @entity9096 signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-mediated @entity296 .

title: Activation of XXXX / @entity9096 signaling pathway is involved in @entity22756 (1-53) protection against @entity296 induced by ischemia/reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I', 'myocardial apoptosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct', 'Myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity2308 :: (24185(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1534 infects approximately 50% of the world population. Among the infected individuals, only 10-20% develop peptic ulcers and <3% progress to @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Th1-predominant immune responses have been suggested to underlie @entity1534 -induced @entity1819 . However, the reason for a strong inter-individual variation of susceptibility and course of the disease is currently far from being understood. It has been shown that @entity1534 stimulates the host's Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/1 complex. Furthermore, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity34918 of TLR1 alters the inflammatory cytokine response of monocytes. Therefore, we hypothesized an association of this TLR1 SNP with @entity1534 -mediated gastric pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects with different TLR1 genotypes were analyzed for their IFN-y response of NK- and T-cells. We further genotyped 548 @entity1 with @entity1819 for this SNP and compared @entity1 with @entity3621 with those having @entity1066 , and @entity1 with high-risk @entity3621 versus @entity1 with @entity356 . RESULTS: Homozygous 602S allele carriers exhibited impaired in vitro IFN-y responses to the TLR2/1 agonist @entity2975 (3) CSK(4). The TLR1 @entity34918 SNP is significantly associated with @entity356 (p = .002) and gastric @entity1066 (p = .051). Odds ratios showed significantly reduced risk regarding @entity356 and peptic @entity1066 for the homozygous mutated genotype. The odds ratios were 0.4 (95% CI, 0.22-0.72) and 0.588 (95% CI, 0.35-1.00), respectively. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, our results suggest that the nonfunctional TLR1 602S/S genotype is associated with a reduced risk of @entity1534 -induced @entity1819 , probably via diminished Th1 responses.

title: A frequent Toll-like receptor 1 gene polymorphism affects NK- and T-cell IFN-y production and is associated with XXXX -induced @entity1819 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric diseases']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: Protein synthesis by isolated @entity95 type II pneumocytes was evaluated by incorporation of labeled @entity1522 , gel electrophoresis, and fluorography. Type II alveolar epithelial cells preferentially synthesize a small number of proteins immediately following isolation and simultaneously exhibit a @entity308 of all other protein synthesis. Examination of the time course of the appearance and decline of these proteins showed them to be actively synthesized during the first 14 h after isolation. Decline in their production was accompanied by a gradual enhancement in the synthesis of other proteins. Actin synthesis was not measurable 1 h after isolation, but increased to 9% of total label incorporated by 14 h. This recovery was independent of attachment to an extracellular matrix. Treatment with @entity4316 immediately following cell isolation abolished the synthesis of these proteins, suggesting a requirement for active mRNA production. A subset of these proteins are induced by heat treatment of cultured type II cells. The half-life, intracellular localization, isoelectric points, apparent molecular weights, and heat inducibility of this group of proteins are similar to stress proteins found in other @entity1 systems. These stress proteins are unique in that their synthesis is induced by the cell isolation process. Possible mechanisms by which cell isolation may induce the stress response are discussed.

title: Induction of the stress response by isolation of XXXX type II pneumocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']