abstract: The number of studies on @entity4044 leaves is rapidly increasing. A variety of effects of @entity4044 leaf extract (GBLE) have been identified. GBLE contains many different @entity40804 and terpenoides. GBLE has an antioxidant action as a free radical scavenger, a relaxing effect on vascular walls, an antagonistic action on platelet-activating factor, an improving effect on blood flow or microcirculation, and a stimulating effect on neurotransmitters. Besides a direct scavenging action on active @entity26 species, GBLE exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory cells by suppressing the production of active @entity26 and @entity1568 species. GBLE inhibited the increase in the products of the oxidative decomposition low-density lipoprotein (LDL), reduced the cell death in various types of @entity16 , and prevented the oxidative damage to mitochondria, suggesting that GBLE exhibits beneficial effects on neuron @entity179 by preventing chronic oxidative damage. The study using a model of @entity63 -reperfusion injury has also demonstrated the protective effect of GBLE on cardiac muscle and its antioxidative action in vivo. Favorable results have been obtained in double-blind, placebo-controlled, comparative trials of @entity1 with @entity2414 , @entity4288 , and @entity303 . We review the recent studies on GBLE with respect to its various pharmacological actions, such as a scavenging activity on free radicals and an inhibitory action on lipid peroxidation. GBLE shows a very strong scavenging action on free radicals, and is thus considered to be useful for the treatment of diseases related to the production of free radicals, such as @entity741 , @entity385 , @entity32 , and aging.

title: XXXX leaf extract: review of biological actions and clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity40804 :: ('CHEBI:50018', 'Chemical') :: ['flavone glycosides']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4044 :: ('3311', 'Species') :: ['Ginkgo biloba']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory disorders']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity4044 :: (3311,Species) :: ['Ginkgo biloba']


abstract: The skin protects our body by producing an efficient barrier membrane, the stratum corneum, from desiccation as well as from various damaging effects of environmental chemicals. Although the skin expresses various cytokines after barrier perturbation, exact cell types producing each cytokine have not been determined. Using a cell culture system, we analyzed the initial responses of various cutaneous cells to treatments simulating epicutaneous stimuli induced by a barrier perturbation of the skin in comparison with those caused by irritant or hapten exposure. We used cultured normal @entity1 epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), @entity1 microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and normal @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). We treated them with the following chemicals and examined their cytokine mRNA levels 6 h later: high osmotic (0.5 molar) @entity1219 and @entity273 ( @entity274 ), which simulate desiccation and exposure to high @entity26 pressure, respectively, that may take place in vivo after perturbation of the barrier. In addition, we also studied their response to two representive haptens, @entity14149 ( @entity4437 ) and @entity3304 ( @entity3304 ), and an irritant, @entity3208 ( @entity214 ). We found that 0.5 M @entity1219 treatment increased mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as @entity1192 , @entity650 and @entity687 as well as @entity2071 in NHEK and @entity1192 , @entity1356 and @entity650 mRNA levels in NHDF. In contrast, @entity274 treatment remarkably increased @entity688 , @entity2841 and @entity2071 mRNA levels in NHEK, and @entity650 mRNA levels in HMVEC and NHDF. The exposure to haptens did not induce any remarkable increase in mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines in NHEK. But @entity4437 increased @entity1192 , @entity650 and @entity687 mRNA levels in HMVEC, while @entity3304 increased only their @entity650 mRNA levels. By contrast, @entity214 stimulated all the cell types to increase at least some of these proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels. Our present data suggest that each skin component cell participates in inflammatory processes of the skin through its distinctive cytokine production profile when the skin barrier is compromized physically or chemically.

title: Cytokine mRNA profiles in cultured XXXX skin component cells exposed to various chemicals: a simulation model of epicutaneous stimuli induced by skin barrier perturbation in comparison with that due to exposure to haptens or irritant.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity3304 :: ('MESH:D004137', 'Chemical') :: ['dinitrochlorobenzene', 'DNCB']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity14149 :: ('MESH:C022838', 'Chemical') :: ['nickel chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1117 ( @entity1117 ) is a rare @entity1200 . The inability of phagocytic cells to kill catalase-positive organisms, such as Staphylococcus and Aspergillus species, causes recurrent @entity281 , persistent @entity32 , and @entity738 formation. The imaging findings in nine cases of @entity1117 were studied. Recurrent @entity358 was the most common abnormality (seven cases). Its complications included @entity1997 , @entity4595 , mediastinal abscesses, @entity4034 , @entity295 , and @entity867 . Suppurative cervical @entity3298 was the second most common abnormality (four cases) and was also the presenting abnormality in the youngest @entity1 (aged 31 days). Abdominal manifestations included @entity99 , @entity39 mesenteric adenopathy, and @entity1084 . @entity4034 occurred in two cases secondary to hematogenous spread or spread of contiguous infection from the lung. Persistent @entity281 led to formation of chronic inflammatory masses and @entity738 in five cases. With improvements in therapy, the prognosis of @entity1117 @entity1 has improved and the general consensus is that most @entity1 will survive into adulthood. Hence, radiologists are more likely to encounter the complications of @entity1117 and should familiarize themselves with the spectrum of imaging findings.

title: Imaging of chronic @entity738 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abscesses']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly, recurrent hepatic and splenic abscesses']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disorder']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1117 :: ('MESH:D006105', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic granulomatous disease', 'CGD']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscesses']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Eight cases of primary @entity420 associated with wood dust exposure are reported. The @entity1 include seven @entity1 and one @entity1 between the ages of 31 and 81 years. All the @entity1 had a history of wood dust exposure. Carpentry was the occupation in four @entity1 ; inspector for railroad boxcars in one; teacher in a @entity1442 in another and worker in a desk factory in the other. The only female @entity1 was a school teacher whose husband had a @entity1442 at home. Clinically, @entity1415 and/or nasal obstruction were the most common symptoms. The histology of the @entity5 varied and consisted of well differentiated @entity420 , @entity16488 , @entity4937 , and " @entity694 . Follow-up data showed that three @entity1 were alive of whom two had either recurrent or metastatic disease at one and three years following the initial diagnosis, respectively. The third @entity1 was alive and well four years after initial diagnosis. Three other @entity1 died but a direct cause of @entity204 was not identified. The remaining two @entity1 were lost to follow-up.

title: Primary XXXX and paranasal sinuses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16488 :: ('MESH:D018262', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4937 :: ('MESH:D000231', 'Disease') :: ['papillary-mucinous adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['wood-work shop']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic-type" adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity']


abstract: The aim of the study was to analyze the response of autonomic nervous system to dialysis related systemic @entity353 using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The possible relationship between changes in serum levels of @entity78 balance parameters and HRV measurements results was also analyzed. The study was performed in 32 @entity1 (20 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ) aged between 27 and 71 years (mean 44 years) treated with maintenance dialysis due to @entity454 from 3 months to 15 years (mean 4.4 years). All parameters mentioned above were analyzed during 4-hour dialysis session. Mean value of LF/HF ratio at the beginning of the procedure was 5.36, with continuous increase in consecutive measurements performed 30-minute intervals to the maximal value 8.2 in 120th minute of @entity2033 session (p < 0.05). In the next measurements continuous decrease in the mentioned parameter was noticed, to the mean value 6.99 in minute 240. The values of LF/HF ratio were also lower for the whole @entity2033 session in the group of @entity1 with initial predialytic concentration of @entity460 lower than 2.35 mmol/l as compared to those with initial @entity460 concentration higher than 2.35 mmol/l. Higher values of LF/HF ratio and bigger oscillation amplitude of this parameter were also noted in those @entity1 , in whom the percentage reduction of @entity1760 level during dialysis exceeded 20%. In addition, statistically significant relationship between percentage reduction in @entity1760 ion concentration and LF/HF ratio during @entity2033 was found. Obtained results let us to conclude, that hemodialysis leads to important change in the activity of both components of autonomic nervous system. The factors which may adversely influence the quality of this response may be, among others, low total @entity460 ion concentration as well as low percentage reduction in @entity1760 level during hemodialysis session.

title: [The impact of changes in levels of @entity460 , phosphate and XXXX during hemodialysis on autonomic system reactivity as measured by heart rate variability analysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['volume reduction']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic hydatid cyst is an important public health problem in parts of the world where @entity235 are used for @entity291 breeding. Management of uncomplicated @entity99 is currently surgical. However, the puncture, aspiration, injection, and re-aspiration (PAIR) method with or without @entity9158 coverage has appeared as an alternative to surgery over the past decade. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of PAIR with or without @entity9158 coverage for @entity1 with uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cyst in comparison with sham/no intervention, surgery, or medical treatment. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, DARE, and ACP Journal Club and full text searches were combined (all searched October 2004). Reference lists of pertinent studies and other identified literature were scanned. Researchers in the field were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: Only randomised clinical trials using the PAIR method with or without @entity9158 coverage as the experimental treatment of uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cyst (ie, @entity99 which are not infected and do not have any communication with the biliary tree or other viscera) versus no intervention, sham puncture (ie, performing all steps for puncture, pretending that PAIR is being performed, but actually not performing the procedure proper), surgery, or chemotherapy were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were independently extracted and methodological quality of each trial was assessed by the authors. Principal authors of the trials were contacted to retrieve missing data. MAIN RESULTS: We found no randomised clinical trials comparing PAIR versus no or sham intervention. We identified only two randomised clinical trials, one comparing PAIR versus surgical treatment (n = 50) and the other comparing PAIR (with or without @entity3753 ) versus @entity3753 alone (n = 30). Both trials were graded as 'adequate' for allocation concealment; however, generation of allocation sequence and blinding methods were 'unclear' in both of them. Compared to surgery, PAIR plus @entity3753 obtain similar @entity2402 and mean cyst diameter with fewer adverse events (32% versus 84%, P < 0.001) and fewer days in hospital (mean + SD) ( 4.2 + 1.5 versus 12.7 + 6.5 days, P < 0.001). Compared to @entity3753 , PAIR with or without @entity3753 obtain significantly more often (P < 0.01) cyst reduction and symptomatic relief. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: PAIR seems promising, but there is insufficient evidence to support or refute PAIR with or without @entity9158 coverage for treating @entity1 with uncomplicated hepatic hydatid cyst. Further well-designed randomised clinical trials are necessary to address the topic.

title: Percutaneous needle aspiration, injection, and reaspiration with or without @entity9158 coverage for uncomplicated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['cyst disappearance']

entities_list: @entity9158 :: ('MESH:C031000', 'Chemical') :: ['benzimidazole']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hydatid cysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hydatid cysts']


abstract: Background. The aim of our study was to compare the outcome of @entity2444 in @entity1 treated conservatively or surgically, and to attempt to answer the question as to whether surgery shortens the duration of the disease and its treatment. Material and methods. We reviewed the clinical records of 61 @entity1 with Perthes disease (68 hips) from the years 1990-1994 were reviewed. There were 11 @entity1 and 50 @entity1 , the mean age at the onset of the disease was 5.3 years (range from 1.6 to 12.7), and the mean follow-up was 7.8 years (from 4.2 to 10.3). 36 hips underwent surgery (Dega transiliac osteotomy combined with an interrtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur). The remaining 32 hips were treated conservatively with various methods. The Catterall and Herring classification schemes were applied for the radiological assessment of the involvement of the femoral head, and the outcomes were evaluated using Stulberg's classification. Results and Conclusions. The mean time from the onset of the disease to full weight bearing was 20 months (range from 5 to 56) in the operated hips, and 20 months (range from 5 to 51) in the non-operated hips. There was no statistically significant correlation between the end results of the conservative and operative treatment for each group assessed according to the Catterall or Herring classification schemes. However, it should be borne in mind that the operated hips were initially classified as more involved than the non-operated ones.

title: The effect of the therapeutic approach on the course of XXXX and its outcome: Conservative vs. surgical treatment.

entities_list: @entity2444 :: ('MESH:D007873', 'Disease') :: ["Perthes' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'children']

answer: @entity2444 :: (MESH:D007873,Disease) :: ['Perthes' disease']


abstract: A randomized trial was performed with the aim to compare two immunosuppressive treatment schedules in adult recipients of first cadaveric renal transplants. A total of 229 @entity1 were randomized to double therapy with @entity205 and @entity617 and 234 @entity1 were randomized to triple therapy with @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity617 . Minimum follow-up was 4 years. The actuarial 5-year @entity1 survival was 79.8% in the double therapy group and 82.3% in the triple therapy group (n.s.). The corresponding graft survival figures were 54.4% and 59.6% in the two groups, respectively (n.s.). There were no differences between the groups regarding cause of @entity204 or cause of graft loss. Renal function as determined by serum @entity1011 did not differ between the groups and was stable throughout the observation period. @entity500 was instituted in a total of 51 @entity1 randomized to double therapy. This subgroup of @entity1 had a @entity1 and graft survival not different from the remaining @entity1 randomized to double therapy or from the @entity1 randomized to triple therapy. There were no differences between the double and triple therapy groups regarding incidence and timing of acute rejection or infections. The incidence of other medical diseases and adverse events such as nephrotoxicity or @entity5 did not differ between the groups. @entity500 -induced @entity1431 was uncommon (19 episodes in the triple therapy group). In a multivariate analysis of the whole series the only covariates that significantly influenced graft survival were age of recipient and occurrence of acute rejection, while among other factors treatment schedule did not. Thus this prospective study, in accordance with previous such studies, failed to find support for the use of triple therapy as first choice immunosuppression in first cadaveric renal transplantation. However, the study could not rule out the possibility that some @entity1 at risk for the development of irreversible rejection or nephrotoxicity of @entity10002 might benefit from the addition of @entity500 to the treatment schedule.

title: A randomized trial of @entity205 and XXXX versus @entity205 , @entity500 , and @entity617 in primary cadaveric renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity617 :: (MESH:D011239,Chemical) :: ['prednisolone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to determine the prevalence of high levels of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms among @entity130 @entity1 recovering from injury and to see whether injury or demographic variables are associated with the presence of the symptoms. METHODS: Four hundred @entity130 @entity1 completed the @entity1 @entity1005 Symptom Scale questionnaire. @entity130 variables were tested to see if any were associated with the presence of high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms. RESULTS: The average age of respondents was 11 years. The average time since injury was 36 days. The mean Injury Severity Score and summed Extremity Abbreviated Injury Score were 4 and 2, respectively. A total of 130 (33%) met criteria for high levels of @entity1005 symptoms. None of the variables tested were associated with high levels of @entity1005 symptoms, except one. @entity1 admitted to the hospital after injury were significantly more likely to develop high levels of @entity1005 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of @entity1005 symptoms are common in the recovery period after @entity130 , even among @entity1 with relatively minor injury. @entity1 admitted to the hospital after injury are at higher risk for such symptoms.

title: Posttraumatic stress symptoms in XXXX recovering from @entity130 and treatment.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Demographic and injury', 'pediatric orthopaedic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An observational retrospective study was conducted at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, Nigeria to determine the outcome for @entity1 with @entity397 of the gravid uterus who had anaesthesia for laparotomy over a four-year period, July 2000 to June 2004. METHODS: The hospital records (case files, labour ward and theatre records) of @entity1 over a four-year period with @entity397 of the uterus were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 2707 deliveries took place at UNTH, Enugu, Nigeria. There were 2556 live births (94.8% of deliveries) and 714 (26.4%) caesarean deliveries. Twenty-three cases of uterine @entity397 occurred, giving a prevalence of 8.5/1000 deliveries. In nine patents (39.1%) the uterus was already scarred. The @entity1 ' mean age was 30.2 years. No nulliparous @entity1 suffered @entity397 . General anaesthesia with muscle relaxants was administered to all @entity1 . Twenty-two @entity1 (95.6%) received blood transfusions. All the @entity1 received normal saline and one @entity1 also received Haemacel. Five (21.7%) @entity1 had preoperative @entity551 and two (8.6%) had @entity551 . There was one maternal death which occurred three days after the cesarean section. Twenty-three (96.3%) fetal @entity204 , including the loss of a set of twins, were recorded. @entity5617 from @entity397 represented 32.4% of all fetal loss following caesarean section during the study period. There were no neonatal @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Rupture of the gravid uterus presents the anaesthetist with the unique challenge of maintaining haemodynamic status before haemostasis is secured, often with the @entity1 in shock. Choice of anaesthetic drugs and availability of blood are important, as well as the skill and experience of the anaesthetist. The maternal mortality rates in other West African studies reviewed were generally higher than those in this series. The maternal outcome re-emphasises the vital role of prompt intervention and availability of blood in reducing maternal mortality following @entity397 of the uterus.

title: Anaesthesia for uterine XXXX in a Nigerian teaching hospital: maternal and fetal outcome.

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured uterus', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['Fetal deaths']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: The case is reported in which local administration of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) was successfully performed. A 54 year-old female who was operated on for advanced @entity356 15 years ago suffered from @entity1353 and swelling of left anterior cervical lymph nodes. The histological examination of the cervical lymph node biopsied and cytological finding of @entity1143 confirmed the metastasis of @entity420 . 11 x 10(6) unit of @entity5041 (S6820, Shionogi) per day was administered into the pleural cavity 8 times per month and this therapy was successful in decreasing a amount of @entity1143 . Simultaneously the number of @entity5 cells in @entity1143 was diminished, the @entity478 level in @entity1143 were also decreased and the @entity10086 activities of prepared lymphocyte from @entity1143 were augmented. 6.5 x 10(6) unit of @entity5041 was also administered per day locally into the left anterior cervical lymph nodes 13 times per month and induced the decrease of lymph node swelling. A slight fever which can be controlled with antipyretic agent easily was only symptom after local administration of @entity5041 . Besides the success of these treatment, the general condition gradually deteriorated. She died 6 month after admission. The autopsy revealed that only one anterior cervical lymph node was slightly enlarged and there is a few @entity5 cells in the lymphatic sinus. No other lymph node was found around the cervical area. There are a prominent @entity82 including only a few @entity5 cells infiltrated. These findings strongly indicated the clinical usefulness of local administration of @entity5041 .

title: [The effect of local administration of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) on metastatic XXXX : report of an autopsy case].

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['pleural fibrous adhesion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for @entity5990 is the most common surgical procedures performed in Western countries and @entity1157 remain a significant cause of morbidity (0.2-2%). The bile ducts of Luschka (DL)are small ducts which originate from the right hepatic lobe, course along the gallbladder bed, and usually drain in the extrahepatic bile ducts. Injuries to these ducts are the second most frequent cause of @entity1157 after cholecystectomy. Aim of our study is build a literature review starting from our experience. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: Forty four @entity1 with abdominal bile collections post-cholecystectomy by suspected @entity1157 under-went endoscopic retrograde cholagio-pancreatography (ERCP). A complete cholangiogram was obtained in 42 @entity1 (95.5%). In according to the magnitude of @entity1157 daily, we subdivided the @entity1 in two groups: a) < 180 ml/daily,and b) > 180 ml/daily. The most common site of the leak was the cystic duct stump (94.5%), followed by DL (2 @entity1 = 5.5%). 10 Fr stent insertion after endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) was the most common intervention. In 6 @entity1 (14%) a 7 Fr naso-biliary drainage was inserted. On an intention-to-treat basis, endoscopic intervention at ERCP had 100% success rate for resolution of the leak. The median time for resolution of the leak was 8 and 12 days in the first and second group respectively. No mortality ERCP-related were recorded. Early minor complications occurred in 7/42 (16.5%) @entity1 . METHODS: A literature search using MEDLINE's Medical Subject Heading terms was used to identify recent articles.Cross-references from these articles were also used. RESULTS: ERCP is the most common diagnostic and therapeutic method used in @entity1157 post-cholecystectomy. Most @entity1 with DL leaks are symptomatic, and most leaks are detected postoperatively during the first postoperative week. Reduction of intra-ductal pressure with ES and stent or naso-biliary tube insertion will lead to preferential flow of bile through the papilla, thus permitting DL injuries to heal. This is the most common treatment modality used. In a minority of @entity1 ,re-laparoscopy is performed. In such cases, the leaking DL is visualized directly and ligation usually is sufficient treatment.Simple drainage is adequate treatment for a small number of asymptomatic @entity1 with @entity258 . CONCLUSIONS: DL leaks occur after cholecystectomy regardless of gallbladder pathology or urgency of operation. They have been encountered more frequently in the era of LC Intraoperative cholangiography does not detect all such leaks. ERCP with ES and stent placement are the most common effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods used. Intraoperative and perioperative adjunctive measures, such as fibrin glue instillation and pharmacologic relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi,can potentially be used in lowering the incidence and in the treatment of DL leaks.

title: XXXX after videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy: duct of Luschka. Endoscopic treatment in a single centre and brief literature review on current management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leaks', 'bile leak']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-volume leaks']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone disease']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['Bile leaks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Suppression of the @entity2339 , a potential systemic effect of inhaled corticosteroid therapy, can be quantified by monitoring serum, urinary, and salivary @entity701 levels. OBJECTIVES: 1) Compare the effects on @entity2339 of the inhaled corticosteroids @entity17013 and @entity5023 versus placebo and oral @entity229 . 2) Estimate dose-potency ratio for @entity2339 . METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, 21-day trial. Active regimens were @entity17013 500 and 1,000 microg, twice daily; @entity5023 110, 220, 330, and 440 microg, twice daily; and @entity229 , 7.5 mg daily. Enrolled @entity1 were nonsmokers, 18 to 50 years of age, with persistent mild-to-moderate @entity565 and had not used oral, nasal, or inhaled corticosteroids for 6 months before study. Main outcome measures were area under serum @entity701 concentration curve for 22 hours (AUC(0-22h)); 24-hour urinary @entity701 level; and 8 AM salivary @entity701 level. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-three @entity1 were randomly assigned to active treatment or placebo; 125 @entity1 completed the study and were at least 80% compliant with their regimens. Both @entity5023 and @entity17013 caused dose-dependent suppression of @entity2339 , which was statistically greater for @entity5023 (P = 0.0003). Dose-potency ratio showed 4.4 times more serum- @entity701 suppression/microgram increase in dose with @entity5023 than with @entity17013 . Diurnal pattern of serum @entity701 suppression was persistent with @entity5023 and "remitting" with @entity17013 . Salivary and urinary @entity701 data were qualitatively similar to serum @entity701 results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5023 caused significantly more suppression of @entity2339 than @entity17013 . @entity17013 may provide a safe option for @entity1 with @entity565 requiring long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy.

title: Suppression of @entity2339 activity with inhaled XXXX and @entity5023 in adult @entity565 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity17013 :: ('MESH:C007734', 'Chemical') :: ['flunisolide', 'Flunisolide']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['HPA axis', 'HPA-axis suppression', 'hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluticasone', 'fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity17013 :: (MESH:C007734,Chemical) :: ['flunisolide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Medicare hospitalizations for elderly veterans with @entity583 ( @entity583 ), their use of cardiac procedures in both systems, and @entity1 mortality. DATA SOURCES: Merging of inpatient discharge abstracts obtained from VA @entity1 Treatment Files (PTF) and Medicare MedPAR Part A files. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study of male veterans 65 years or older who were prior users of the VA medical system (veteran-users) and who were initially admitted to a VA or Medicare hospital with a primary diagnosis of @entity583 at some time from January 1, 1988 through December 31, 1990 (N = 25,312). We examined the use of cardiac catheterization, coronary bypass surgery, and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the 90 days after initial admission for @entity583 in both VA and Medicare systems, and survival at 30 days, 90 days, and one year. Other key measures included @entity1 age, race, marital status, comorbidities, @entity299 , prior utilization, and the availability of cardiac technology at the admitting hospital. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: More than half of veteran-users (54 percent) were initially hospitalized in a Medicare hospital when they suffered an @entity583 . These Medicare index @entity1 were more likely to receive cardiac catheterization (OR 1.24, 95% C.I. 1.17-1.32), coronary bypass surgery (OR 2.01, 95% C.I. 1.83-2.20), and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (OR 2.56, 95% C.I. 2.30-2.85) than VA index @entity1 . Small proportions of @entity1 crossed over between systems of care for catheterization procedures (VA to Medicare = 3.3%, and Medicare to VA = 5.1%). Many VA index @entity1 crossed over to Medicare hospitals to obtain bypass surgery (27.6 percent) or coronary angioplasty (12.1 percent). Mortality was not significantly different between veteran-users who were initially admitted to VA versus Medicare hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-system utilization highlights the need to look at both systems of care when evaluating access, costs, and quality either in VA or in Medicare systems. Policy changes that affect access to and utilization of one system may lead to unpredictable results in the other.

title: Where do elderly veterans obtain care for XXXX : Department of Veterans Affairs or Medicare?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity244 ( @entity244 ) is associated with various histological patterns of @entity401 . Although chest images and lung function studies showed that lung involvement predominantly occurs in small airways, pathological findings were not consistent with the results of high-resolution CT (HRCT) and lung function tests. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the pathological characteristics of @entity3130 ( @entity3130 ) and their relationship with HRCT lung function tests. METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 diagnosed as @entity244 who underwent surgical lung biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2000 to October 2006 were reviewed. Histopathologic findings, radiologic findings and lung function tests were analyzed. RESULTS: The study included 13 @entity1 . The median age was 46 years. Most @entity1 presented with @entity1353 and cough. CT scans revealed bilateral ground-glass, consolidative, reticular and nodular opacities and @entity8 . The histological patterns included @entity401 ( @entity401 ) cellular pattern associated with @entity3616 ( @entity3616 ), @entity401 mixed pattern associated with @entity3616 , noncaseating @entity738 , @entity102 , @entity5924 , @entity4154 , @entity401 associated with @entity5924 , @entity401 mixed pattern associated with @entity5924 , @entity401 mixed pattern coexisting with @entity102 , @entity3616 associated with @entity102 , and noncaseating @entity738 coexisting with @entity3616 . Treatment included @entity229 and @entity786 . During the follow-up period (median 38 months), most @entity1 improved or remained stable. The @entity1 with @entity4154 died from progression of @entity66 . CONCLUSIONS: The histopathologic patterns of @entity3130 included lung interstitial involvement and small airway involvement or both. Corticosteroid therapy combined with @entity786 was administered with a favorable response in the majority of @entity1 .

title: Pulmonary manifestations of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3130 :: ('MESH:C562470', 'Disease') :: ['PSS-ILD', 'PSS-associated interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cyst lesions']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['OP', 'organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['follicular bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Primary Sj  gren's syndrome", 'PSS']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease', 'lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia', 'NSIP', 'nonspecific interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['constrictive bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of a new posterior subgluteus @entity1930 , as compared with the classic posterior approach, 128 @entity1 undergoing foot orthopedic procedures were randomly allocated to receive either the @entity1930 (Group Labat, n = 64) or a modified subgluteus posterior approach (Group subgluteus, n = 64). All blocks were performed with the use of a nerve stimulator (stimulation frequency, 2 Hz; intensity, 1-0.5 mA). In Group subgluteus, a line was drawn from the greater trochanter to the ischial tuberosity; then, from the midpoint of this line, a second line was drawn perpendicularly and extended caudally for 4 cm. The end of this line represented the needle entry. In both groups, a proper sciatic stimulation was elicited at 0.5 mA; then 20 mL of 0.75% @entity1342 was injected. The time from needle insertion to successful sciatic nerve stimulation was 60 s (range, 10-180 s) with the Labat's approach and 32 s (range, 5-120 s) with the new subgluteus approach (P = 0.0005). The depth of appropriate sciatic stimulation was 45 +/- 13 mm (mean +/- SD) after 2 (range, 1-7) needle redirections in Group subgluteus and 67 +/- 12 mm after 4 (range, 1-10) needle redirections in Group Labat (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.00001, respectively). The failure rate was similar in both groups. Severe discomfort during the procedure was less frequent and acceptance better in Group subgluteus (5 @entity1 [8%] and 60 @entity1 [94%], respectively) than in Group Labat (20 @entity1 [31%] and 49 @entity1 [77%], respectively) (P = 0.0005 and P = 0.005, respectively). We conclude that this new subgluteus posterior @entity1930 is an easy and reliable technique and can be considered an effective alternative to the more traditional Labat's approach. IMPLICATIONS: Evaluating the efficacy and acceptance of a new @entity1930 , this prospective, randomized study demonstrated that the new subgluteus posterior approach is an easy and reliable technique and can be considered an useful alternative to the more traditional Labat's approach in @entity1 undergoing foot surgery, facilitating the performance of the sciatic nerve blocks.

title: A new XXXX : a prospective, randomized comparison with the classic posterior approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['classic posterior sciatic nerve block', 'approach to the sciatic nerve block', 'approach to the sciatic nerve']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

answer: @entity1930 :: (MESH:D020426,Disease) :: ['posterior approach to the sciatic nerve block']


abstract: Seventy-nine @entity1 with mammographically detected foci of @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) of histologically confirmed extents of 25 mm or less, were treated by tylectomy without irradiation or axillary dissection. Adequacy of excision was confirmed histologically, by radiographic-pathologic correlation and by postoperative mammographic examination. Eight @entity1 (10.1%) have recurred locally in the immediate vicinity of the biopsy site. Four @entity1 developed recurrent in situ disease identified mammographically, and all were initially treated by reexcision. One of these @entity1 subsequently elected to undergo mastectomy; no residual in situ or invasive disease was detected in the breast or in axillary lymph nodes. Four @entity1 developed recurrent invasive disease; 50% of these recurrences were detected mammographically. All @entity1 were treated by mastectomy with node dissection. Three had confirmed minimal invasive @entity189 and were N0, one @entity1 had a 13-mm @entity1137 with a single Group I micrometastasis. All @entity1 , including those treated for a recurrence, are presently free of disease but three @entity1 died of @entity299 . Nuclear grade would appear to identify subsets of @entity2735 more likely to produce local failure after tylectomy alone. @entity189 in situ with high-grade nuclear morphology and @entity39 was associated with a 19% local recurrence rate after an average interval of 26 months; only one of ten @entity1 with intermediate-grade @entity2735 developed a local recurrence at 87 months; and none of 33 @entity1 with @entity2735 of micropapillary/nonnecrotic cribriform type and low-grade nuclear morphology developed local recurrence in the follow-up period.

title: Mammographically detected XXXX . Frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['duct carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['comedo-type necrosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Duct carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity2735 :: (MESH:D002278,Disease) :: ['duct carcinoma in situ']


abstract: The plant Solanum malacoxylon (S.M.) is known to cause severe soft tissue calcifications in @entity291 and @entity742 and has recently become of special interest since it exerts biological actions which resemble those of @entity560 . In order to investigate whether S.M. is capable to improve the rachitic bone changes in @entity560 and @entity1391 deficient @entity35 , a watery extract of 50, 100 and 200 mg S.M. was fed daily to these animals over a period of 10 days. The width of epiphyseal plates was compared after the time with those of @entity35 treates with 0, 0.225, 0.45, and 0.9 IU of @entity3875 daily. There was a dose related curative effect of S.M. on the epiphyseal lesions very similar to that of @entity3875 . The hypercalcemic and @entity42433 effect of S.M. was identical to that of @entity3875 . The @entity14257 serum levels remained almost undetectable in the S.M. treated @entity35 as well as in the @entity3875 treated animals.

title: The effect of Solanum malacoxylon on rachitic bone lesions in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity42433 :: ('MESH:C566870', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemic']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity23189 (RIL) is a novel antihypertensive drug selectively acting at the sites of @entity947 receptors. Compared with diuretics, beta-blockers, Ca2+ antagonists and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, the four major groups recommended by the US Joint National Committee as first-line antihypertensive drugs, RIL appears to meet the same criteria of efficacy, safety, and acceptability. @entity23189 dose-dependently decreases blood pressure (BP), acting as a vasodilator by decreasing vascular resistance through inhibition of the adrenergic nervous system, even while the BP changes due to standing and exercise. In comparison with placebo, RIL significantly decreased BP. In double-blind comparative trials versus first-line diuretics and beta-blockers, RIL normalized BP in approximately 60% @entity1 , showing a similar efficacy to other drugs. In contrast with @entity918 , RIL decreased total @entity165 and did not change plasma @entity972 levels. No tachyphylaxis was observed during long-term treatment. Central side effects, which have contributed to the limitation of the use of alpha 2-agonists as second- or third-line therapy for @entity101 , were significantly less frequent with RIL than with @entity1338 or @entity12833 . Indeed, the incidence of @entity2133 and drowsiness during double-blind comparative trials versus @entity1338 and @entity12833 was significantly lower with RIL. This absence of central side-effects was confirmed in double-blind comparative trials versus @entity918 and @entity2165 . In contrast with @entity1338 , no @entity1372 retention or @entity1017 were observed during chronic treatment with RIL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : a novel approach to first-line treatment of @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity23189 :: ('MESH:C032302', 'Chemical') :: ['Rilmenidine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity23189 :: (MESH:C032302,Chemical) :: ['Rilmenidine']


abstract: A systematic review on the cost effectiveness of prophylactic treatments of @entity32 ( @entity32 ) induced gastropathy in @entity1 with @entity571 or @entity309 was conducted. Two reviewers conducted the literature search and the review. Both full and partial economic evaluations published in English, Dutch, or German were included. The criteria list published in the textbook of Drummond was used to determine the quality of the economic evaluations. The methodological quality of three randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in which the economic evaluations obtained probability estimates of @entity32 induced gastropathy and adverse events was assessed by a list of internal validity criteria. The conclusions were based on a rating system consisting of four levels of evidence. Ten economic evaluations were included; three were based on RCTs. All evaluations studied @entity396 as prophylactic treatment: in one evaluation @entity396 was studied as a fixed component in a combination with @entity3522 (Arthrotec). All economic evaluations comprised analytical studies containing a decision tree. The three trials were of high methodological quality. Nine economic evaluations were considered high quality and one economic evaluation was considered of low methodological quality. There is strong evidence (level "A") that the use of @entity396 for the prevention of @entity32 induced gastropathy is cost effective, and limited evidence (level "C") that the use of Arthrotec is cost effective. Although the levels of evidence used in this review are arbitrary, it is believed that a qualitative analysis is useful: quantitative analyses in this field are hampered by the heterogeneity of economic evaluations. Existing criteria to evaluate the methodological quality of economic evaluations may need refinement for use in systematic reviews.

title: Systematic review of the cost effectiveness of prophylactic treatments in the prevention of gastropathy in @entity1 with @entity309 or XXXX taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug', 'NSAID']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: We reviewed our seven year single institution experience with pulsed dose rate brachytherapy dose escalation study in @entity1 with intermediate and high risk @entity263 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated a total of 130 @entity1 for intermediate and high risk @entity263 at our institution between 2000 and 2007 using PDR-brachytherapy as a boost after conformal external beam radiation therapy to 50.4 Gy. The majority of @entity1 had T2 disease (T1c 6%, T2 75%, T3 19%). Seventy three @entity1 had intermediate-risk and 53 @entity1 had high-risk disease according to the D'Amico classification. The dose of the brachytherapy boost was escalated from 25 to 35 Gy - 33 pts. received 25 Gy (total dose 75 Gy), 63 pts. 30 Gy (total dose 80 Gy) and 34 pts. 35 Gy, (total dose 85 Gy) given in one session (dose per pulse was 0.60 Gy or 0.70 Gy/h, 24h per day, night and day, with a time interval of 1h between two pulses). PSA-recurrence-free survival according to Kaplan-Meier using the Phoenix definition of biochemical failure was calculated and also late @entity137 according to Common @entity137 Criteria scale were assessed. RESULTS: At the time of analysis with a median follow-up of 60 months biochemical control was achieved by 88% of @entity1 - only 16/130 @entity1 (12.3%) developed a biochemical relapse. Biochemical relapse free survival calculated according to Kaplan-Meier for all @entity1 at 5 years was 85.6% (83.9% for intermediate-risk @entity1 and 84.2% for high-risk @entity1 ) and at 9 years' follow up it was 79.0%. Analysing biochemical relapse free survival separately for different boost dose levels, at 5 years it was 97% for the 35 Gy boost dose and 82% for the 25 and 30 Gy dose levels. The side effects of therapy were negligible: There were 18 cases (15%) of grade 1/2 rectal @entity4272 , one case (0.8%) of grade 3 @entity4272 , 18 cases (15%) of grade 1/2 @entity2335 , and no cases (0%) with @entity3833 grade 3. No @entity1 had a bulbourethral stricture requiring dilation or new onset @entity322 . CONCLUSIONS: Image-guided conformal PDR-brachytherapy using up to 35 Gy as boost dose after 50 Gy of external beam radiation therapy (total dose up to 85 Gy) is a very effective treatment option with very low morbidity in @entity1 with intermediate or high risk @entity263 . Further dose escalation seems possible.

title: Long term results of a prospective dose escalation phase-II trial: interstitial pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy as boost for intermediate- and high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We report one rare case of @entity3291 of the right inguinal region, in a 67-year-old @entity1 . The @entity5 , measuring 4.5 x 4.0 x 3.0 cm, had a finger-like shape, was composed of a well circumscribed conglomerate of multiple myxomatous nodules and was located partially in the dermis and partially in the subcutaneous tissue. Microscopically, in contrast to previously reported cases, the @entity5 was composed mainly of oval plump stromal cells with an amphophilic cytoplasm. Spindle-shaped stromal cells were scattered throughout the @entity5 . The @entity5 border was not infiltrative and was well defined by thick hyalized collagen bundles. Neither hyperchromasia nor pleomorphism was apparent. No mitotic figures were detected in the specimens prepared. Small to medium-sized blood vessels showed a scattered distribution, but large vessels, seen frequently in @entity146 , were absent. Moreover, no plexiform capillary pattern was evident. These findings were diagnostic of @entity3291 . Although this disease entity is considered as including @entity11105 , @entity81 , @entity5 , we propose that these @entity5 should be excluded.

title: XXXX of the right inguinal region: report of a case.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive angiomyxoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'trichofolliculoma and trichogenic adnexal tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['superficial angiomyxoma']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['follicular fibroma']

entities_list: @entity11105 :: ('MESH:D017520', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous focal mucinosis']

answer: @entity3291 :: (MESH:D009232,Disease) :: ['Superficial angiomyxoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on @entity413 metabolism rate and @entity1897 in @entity1641 and identify potential markers indicative of early overtraining. ANIMALS: 12 Standardbred geldings. PROCEDURES: @entity1641 underwent 4 phases of treadmill-based training. In phase 1, @entity1641 were habituated to the treadmill. In phase 2, endurance training was alternated with high-intensity exercise training. In phase 3, @entity1641 were divided into control and intensified training groups. In the intensified training group, training intensity, duration, and frequency were further increased via a protocol to induce overtraining; in the control group, these factors remained unaltered. In phase 4, training intensity was reduced. Standardized exercise tests were performed after each phase and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) tests were performed after phases 2, 3, and 4. RESULTS: 10 of 12 @entity1641 completed the study. Dissociation between mean @entity413 metabolism rate and mean @entity413 metabolism rate-to-plasma insulin concentration ratio (M:I) was evident in the intensified training group during steady state of HEC testing after phases 3 and 4. After phase 4, mean @entity413 metabolism rate was significantly decreased (from 31.1    6.8  mol/kg/min to 18.1    3.4  mol/kg/min), as was M:I (from 1.05    0.31 to 0.62    0.17) during steady state in the intensified training group, compared with phase 3 values for the same @entity1641 . CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dissociation between the @entity413 metabolism rate and M:I in @entity1641 that underwent intensified training may reflect non-insulin-dependent increases in @entity413 metabolism.

title: Effects of intensified training and subsequent reduced training on @entity413 metabolism rate and XXXX in Standardbreds.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral insulin sensitivity']


abstract: A specific immunodominant 54-kDa antigen was purified from a culture filtrate of Nocardia asteroides by immunoaffinity chromatography. The chromatography column was prepared with immunoglobulin G obtained from sera from @entity1 with @entity1203 . Unbound solutes consisted of specific, partially purified N. asteroides antigens, primarily a 54-kDa band, accompanied by two others of 31 and 62 kDa. The Western blot (immunoblot) technique was applied to detecting the immunologic response to nocardiae in the serum of @entity7180 @entity1 . Each of the serum samples from immunosuppressed or immunocompetent @entity1 infected with N. asteroides reacted with the 54-kDa band, and two reacted with the 31- and 62-kDa bands. There was no reaction to either the 54- or the 31-kDa antigen with all serum samples obtained from @entity1 with @entity378 , except for one, with all serum samples obtained from @entity1 with @entity1201 , or with all sera obtained from healthy controls. The partially purified 54-kDa antigen, specific for N. asteroides, was used as the immunogen to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and two mAbs were selected. As determined by Western blot, both mAbs reacted with the 54-kDa band. Using indirect immunofluorescence or enzyme immunoassay with whole N. asteroides micro-organisms, the mAbs did not react with N. asteroides cells. No cross-reactivity with mycobacterial antigens, either culture-filtrate antigens or tuberculin, was exhibited with any of the two mAbs. These mAbs are candidates to be used for the development of a sensitive and specific diagnostic test for @entity7180 .

title: Immunodiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1203 :: ('MESH:D015440', 'Disease') :: ['lepromatous leprosy']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity7180 :: (MESH:D009617,Disease) :: ['nocardiosis']


abstract: Community-based studies that measure both @entity146 diagnoses and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) are lacking. This study reports current @entity146 in community-dwelling adults at high risk for @entity27 identified by the Berlin Questionnaire. Furthermore, associations between @entity27 and current @entity146 , unadjusted and adjusted for putative confounders, are reported. A subsample of the Akershus Sleep Apnoea Project consisting of 290 adults, aged 30-65 yrs, with positive Berlin Questionnaire screening underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , version IV and polysomnography. Auxiliary analyses of @entity308 are provided. The median apnoea/hypopnoea index score in the sample was 7.7 (interquartile range 2.4-22.2). Major @entity308 , current @entity148 and @entity2531 were diagnosed in 12.4%, 14.8% and 19.3% of @entity1 , respectively. At least one @entity146 was diagnosed in 110 @entity1 . The odds ratio of @entity1 with @entity27 having a @entity146 compared with @entity1 without @entity27 was 0.54 (95% CI 0.33-0.88). A negative association did not exist among Berlin Questionnaire low-risk @entity1 . In conclusion, more than one-third of @entity1 in a community-based, Berlin Questionnaire high-risk sample were diagnosed with a @entity146 . A negative association between @entity27 and @entity146 morbidity was found.

title: Sleep apnoea, XXXX , @entity308 and somatoform pain: a community-based high-risk sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity2531 :: ('MESH:D013001', 'Disease') :: ['somatoform pain disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) is a significant problem for a large number of veterans who receive treatment from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health-care system. VA Cooperative Study 420 is a randomized clinical trial of group psychotherapy for treating @entity1005 among veterans who sought VA care. @entity1 at ten sites were randomly assigned to receive one of the two treatments: active treatment that embedded exposure therapy in a group context or comparison treatment that avoided @entity130 focus and instead addressed current interpersonal problems. Treatment was delivered weekly to groups of six @entity1 for 30 weeks, followed by five monthly booster sessions. Follow-up assessments were conducted at the end of treatment (7 months) and the end of boosters (12 months) for all @entity1 . Long-term follow-up data were collected for a subset of @entity1 at 18 and 24 months. The primary outcome is @entity1005 severity; other symptoms, functional status, quality of life, physical health, and service utilization also were assessed. Data analysis will account for the clustering introduced by the group nature of the intervention. The pivotal comparison was at the end of treatment. Analyses of subsequent outcomes will concentrate on the question of the durability of effects. The study provides an example of how to address the unique challenges posed by multisite trials of group psychotherapy through attention to methodological and statistical issues. This article discusses these challenges and describes the design and methods of the study. Control Clin Trials 2001;22:74-88

title: Design of Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study no. 420: group treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity1005 :: (MESH:D013313,Disease) :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']


abstract: In the immunohistochemical staining of nerve growth factor, it has been reported that fixation-dependent lability of nerve growth factor hampers its localization. In the present study, we used two different polyclonal antibodies to immunostain nerve growth factor in @entity35 brain tissue. We found that in @entity1604 -fixed (immersion- or perfusion-fixed) brains, nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity was located primarily in the cytoplasmic membrane and fiber tract of hippocampal neurons and was sparse in cortical neurons. When fresh frozen brain sections were fixed in @entity1604 solution, nerve-growth factor-like immunoreactivity was distributed evenly in the cell body. However, when fresh frozen brain sections were fixed in @entity1324 , immunoreactivity to nerve growth factor was present as discrete or confluent dense particles in the cell body, especially in the nuclear region. Also, when @entity1604 -perfusion-fixed brain sections were heat treated in salt solution before immunostaining, nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity could be retrieved in the cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. The hippocampal formation, cerebral cortex and basal forebrain expressed nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity. Double immunostaining in fresh frozen brains showed that the @entity11451 ( @entity11451 ) co-expressed with nerve growth factor and @entity3249 proto-oncogene in basal forebrain neurons. Our study shows that @entity406 fixation can mask nerve growth factor antigen, and special treatment, such as heating, is needed to retrieve nerve growth factor antigen to permit immunohistochemical detection. For immunohistochemical study of nerve growth factor in @entity35 brain tissue, successful immunostaining can be obtained by using fresh frozen brains to prevent the masking effect of fixatives or by using @entity1604 -fixed brains with heat treatment. It is likely that nerve growth factor is synthesized and accumulated mainly in the cell body but not in the fiber tracts, which is similar to the distribution of its messenger RNA. The co-existence of @entity11451 with nerve growth factor and @entity3249 in basal forebrain neurons suggests the role of low- and high-affinity receptors in regulating the trophic effect of nerve growth factor.

title: Localization of nerve growth factor, XXXX and @entity11451 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal formation and basal forebrain of adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity11451 :: ('24596(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p75', 'low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

answer: @entity3249 :: (59109(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['trkA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to assess the efficacy and reliability of whole-body turbo short tau inversion recovery (STIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting skeletal metastasis and to compare the results with those of bone scintigraphy. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 with primary @entity5 (mean age=56 years, age range: 34-75 years) were assessed for bone metastasis with whole-body MRI and bone scintigraphy. Eight bone regions in each @entity1 were assessed (total of 208 sites) with each of these 2 techniques. A turbo STIR sequence and panoramic table were used during MRI. Whole-body MRI and scintigraphy findings were compared with biopsy or follow-up imaging results. RESULTS: After at least 12 months of follow-up, 9 @entity1 had bone @entity3 in a total of 31 sites. Whole-body MRI showed 29 @entity3 (94%) in the total 208 skeletal sites investigated in the 26 @entity1 . Bone scintigraphy revealed @entity3 in 16 (52%) of the 208 sites. CONCLUSION: Whole-body turbo STIR MRI is a reliable method for screening @entity1 with suspected skeletal @entity3 . This technique is also advantageous in that it reveals extraskeletal organ and soft tissue @entity3 .

title: Value of whole-body turbo short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging with panoramic table for detecting bone XXXX : comparison with 99MTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess tissue characterization relating with neck @entity3 of invasive @entity5 , we investigate the usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The @entity1 with @entity957 (n = 110) were preoperatively evaluated with intra-oral US. The US images were compared with histological sections. The histological and ultrasonographic parameters were evaluated for their correlation with neck @entity3 . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High-quality ultrasonic images were obtained, and all lesions over 1 mm thickness by histology were detected. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between measurements of @entity5 thickness by US and histology. Univariate analysis showed that the histological parameters influencing neck @entity3 were mode of invasion (P = 0.0006), muscular invasion (P < 0.0001), stromal reaction (P = 0.0002), and @entity5 thickness (P = 0.0004). Of the ultrasonographic parameters, shape of margin (P = 0.019), pattern of margin (P = 0.033), internal echo signal (P = 0.035), and @entity5 thickness (P < 0.0001) showed a significant correlation with neck @entity3 . Ultrasound images of @entity5 reflected the histological structures. Tumors with diffuse invasive mode shows an @entity5 margins on US image. Thickness of 8 mm by ultrasound is useful as a cut-off point of predicting risk of neck @entity3 of @entity5 . Intra-oral US is a reliable tool in objectively predicting @entity135 in @entity5 .

title: Usefulness of intra-oral ultrasonography to predict neck @entity3 in XXXX with tongue carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical neck metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oral tongue cancer', 'irregular and unclear tumor', 'tongue cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity28 and @entity10844 are known major side effects of treatment in adult childhood @entity5 survivors (CCS). In the general population, @entity28 has a negative influence on female fertility. We aimed to evaluate whether @entity28 and serum @entity2690 are associated with decreased ovarian reserve markers in CCS. DESIGN: Retrospective single-center cohort study. METHODS: Data of 191 female survivors of childhood @entity5 were analyzed. Median follow-up time was 18.8 (2.348.8) years. Outcome measures were serum anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) and total follicle count (FC). Potential risk factors were: BMI; body composition measures, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (total fat percentage, lean body mass, and visceral fat percentage); and fasting @entity2690 . RESULTS: Lower serum @entity248 was found in obese subjects (b (%) -49, P=0.007) and in subjects with fasting @entity2690 in the highest tertile (b (%) -43, P=0.039). Total fat percentage tends to be associated with serum @entity248 (b (%) -2.1, P=0.06). Survivors in the highest tertile of @entity2690 had significantly lower FC than survivors in the lowest tertile (b -6.3, P=0.013). BMI and other measures of body composition were not associated with FC. Correlation between serum @entity248 and antral follicle count (AFC) was   =0.32 (P=0.08). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 and @entity2690 resistance are associated with @entity10844 , as reflected by decreased @entity248 and reduced FC in adult survivors of childhood @entity5 . In contrast to its highly predictive value for AFC in the healthy female population, serum @entity248 does not seem to correlate as well with AFC in CCS.

title: Decreased ovarian function is associated with XXXX in very long-term female survivors of childhood @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity10844 :: ('MESH:D006058', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysfunction', 'gonadal damage']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We retrospectively examined the effects of epidural @entity1337 on @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). METHODS: @entity1 (203) underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy under either general or epidural anesthesia alone or a combined general epidural technique. Of those, 143 had an epidural catheter placed and underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia followed by @entity86 (Group E+G). Twenty-eight @entity1 had the operation under epidural anesthesia followed by epidural @entity1337 in the postoperative period (Group E). Thirty-two @entity1 had general anesthesia for the operation and postoperative systemic @entity1337 (Group G). RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, height, weight, ASA status, or operation time. The length of postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the general anesthesia group @entity1 as compared to the other two groups (P < 0.05). Intraoperative @entity190 and blood replacement were significantly higher in the general anesthesia group (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to return of bowel function postoperatively, or incidence of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Epidural anesthesia and @entity1337 following radical retropubic prostatectomy have demonstrated a number of beneficial effects. These include decreased @entity190 and shorter hospital stay.

title: Postoperative epidural XXXX following radical retropubic prostatectomy: outcome assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative epidural analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity364 cause serious morbidity and death in lung transplant recipients. Some centers exclude and others will prophylactically treat @entity1 with evidence of Aspergillus colonization. METHODS: Of 126 @entity1 undergoing lung transplantation at the University of North Carolina since January 1990, five @entity1 have died because of invasive Aspergillus and other @entity364 . Those cases are reviewed looking for common predisposing factors, including any evidence of prior colonization. In addition, all preoperative and postoperative culture data on all transplant recipients were retrospectively examined to define the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative Aspergillus colonization in 121 @entity1 with and without @entity1577 , none of whom had development of significant @entity364 . RESULTS: Fifty-two percent of 65 @entity1 with @entity1577 were colonized with Aspergillus before operation, and 40% after operation at some time. None had development of significant @entity281 , and none received prophylactic antifungal therapy. Most of the deaths from deep-seated @entity364 have been in @entity1 without @entity1577 with no evidence of preoperative colonization. These @entity1 had evidence of severe @entity5924 , @entity2348 , persisting @entity2803 , or other major organ failure. CONCLUSION: The rationale for excluding @entity1 or for giving @entity2379 in the perioperative period in those @entity1 who are colonized before surgery is questioned.

title: XXXX and lung transplantation--revisited.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus disease']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus infections']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['saprophytic fungal infections', 'fungal disease', 'Fungal infections', 'fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['obliterative bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['Saprophytic fungal infections']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of @entity63 ( @entity63 ) by repeated @entity661 in preventing @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 with a non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: @entity810 complicating PCI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Remote @entity63 preconditioning, using cycles of @entity63 -reperfusion as a conditioning stimulus, has been recently shown to prevent @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing elective coronary angiography. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity63 by cycles of inflation and deflation of the stent balloon during PCI or a sham procedure (control @entity1 ). The primary endpoint was @entity810 , defined as an increase of >=  0.5 mg/dl or >=  25% in serum @entity1011 within 96 h from PCI. The 30-day rate of @entity204 or re-hospitalization for any cause was one of the secondary endpoints. RESULTS: A total of 225 @entity1 were included (median age, 68 years; 36% female). The @entity810 rate in the @entity63 group was 12.4% versus 29.5% in the control group (p = 0.002; odds ratio: 0.34; 95% confidence interval: 0.16 to 0.71). The number needed to treat to avoid 1 case of @entity810 was 6 (95% confidence interval: 3.6 to 15.2). The 30-day rate of @entity204 or re-hospitalization for any cause was 22.3% in the control group versus 12.4% in @entity63 @entity1 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 by @entity661 and deflations during PCI was found to confer protection against @entity810 in @entity1 with a non-ST-segment elevation @entity583 undergoing PCI. The reduction in the rate of @entity810 translated into a clear trend (of borderline significance) toward better 30-day clinical outcome.

title: Renoprotective effect of @entity63 by XXXX in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb ischemia', 'RIPC', 'remote ischemic post-conditioning', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['serial balloon inflations', 'intermittent balloon inflations']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity661 :: (MESH:D054549,Disease) :: ['intermittent balloon inflations']


abstract: Recent evidence indicates that toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity384 ( @entity384 ), but the exact mechanisms of their actions have not been elucidated. We explored the therapeutic potential of blocking TLRs in @entity19 with established @entity296 . @entity296 was generated by a single intraperitoneal injection of @entity632 (10 mg/kg). Two weeks later, the @entity19 were treated with @entity8932 or @entity1990 neutralizing antibody. Blocking @entity8932 , but not @entity1990 , activity not only reduced mortality, but also attenuated @entity632 -induced @entity299 by 20% and inhibited @entity296 . To determine the differential effects of blocking @entity8932 and @entity1990 in chronic @entity296 , @entity19 were injected with @entity632 (3.5 mg/kg) once a week for 8 weeks, followed by treatment with @entity8932 or @entity1990 neutralizing antibody for 40 days. Blocking @entity8932 activity blunted @entity299 by 13% and inhibited @entity299 , which was associated with a significant suppression of @entity296 . The underlying mechanism involved interrupting the interaction of @entity8932 with its endogenous ligands, resulting in @entity32 and @entity82 . In contrast, blocking @entity1990 exacerbated @entity299 and @entity82 by amplifying @entity32 and suppressing autophagy. Our studies demonstrate that @entity8932 and @entity1990 play distinct roles in the progression of @entity632 -induced @entity384 . @entity1990 activity is crucial for the resolution of @entity32 and @entity299 , while blocking @entity8932 activity has therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity384 .

title: Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and XXXX differentially regulate @entity632 induced @entity296 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'attenuation of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'Cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction', 'cardiac fibrosis']

answer: @entity1990 :: (21898(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TLR4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity20329 sp. is an extremely varied genus which includes little known species and of which only @entity20329 diphteriae, @entity3550 and @entity20329 are considered indisputable pathogens. Other species, such as C. amycolatum are at present being reconsidered as causative agents in infectious pathologies, partly on account of our greater aquaintance and improved identification techniques for these microorganisms and partly on account of the growing number of immunocompromised @entity1 in whom all their pathogenic capacity is usually able to develope. We present 3 cases of significant @entity2259 by C. amycolatum. METHODS: Bacterial isoliations from blood culture were obtained using the Vital Systems. Identification was performed by means of Gran stain, colony morphology, the results of numerous biochemical tests (including the Api Coryne systems), the behaviour of the strains against the vibriostatic agent O/129 and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern obtained with the E-test. RESULTS: The three isolates of C. amycolatum were obtained from @entity1 after a lenghtly hospitalization, multi-instrumentation and who had severe underlying disease. All three presented with concomitant isolates of C. amycolatum from other sites: sputum, wound and catheter respectively, which could explain the origin of the @entity2259 . Colony morphology, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, resistance to the vibriostatic agent O/129 and the results of the biochemical test carried out were similar to those previously describe in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: C. amycolatum should be born in mind as a agent responsable for significant and severe pathology in this type of @entity1 . In addition, it as certain specific characteristics which assits in its identification in the normal micr

title: [Significant @entity2259 by XXXX amycolatum: an emergent pathogen].

entities_list: @entity3550 :: ('43771', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium urealyticum']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity20329 :: ('38289', 'Species') :: ['Corynebacterium jeikeium', 'Corynebacterium']

answer: @entity20329 :: (38289,Species) :: ['Corynebacterium']


abstract: We studied 13 first-degree relatives in a large family with an index case of @entity9595 to detect the relatives with evidence of @entity68 overloading. Serum @entity68 , total @entity68 binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin levels were measured in all family members. We also performed HLA typing to identify the relatives who are homozygous with the proband and genetically predisposed to develop the disease. The family was composed of the parents and 12 siblings including the index case. The mean age of the siblings was 25 years. None presented with evidence of @entity68 overload by the @entity68 biochemical tests. HLA typing demonstrated six homozygous siblings with the proband. In separate analysis these siblings did not present abnormalities in any of the @entity68 biochemical tests. These homozygous relatives were followed for one year after initial evaluation and none presented abnormalities in the @entity68 studies during this period. These results are contradictory to other previous studies done in families with @entity9595 . The most feasible explanations for these findings are the young age of these siblings and the predominance of females among them. We consider that these homozygous relatives must be followed for their life-times with @entity68 studies to detect a possible increase in @entity68 stores as expected in later ages.

title: XXXX : a study in a large Puerto Rican family.

entities_list: @entity9595 :: ('MESH:D006432', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic hemochromatosis']

answer: @entity9595 :: (MESH:D006432,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic hemochromatosis']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 , each having one or two pairs of premolars to be extracted for orthodontic purposes, participated in the study. The model involved placement of a special orthodontic band that allowed the accumulation of plaque in a defined area between the band and the buccal enamel. Examination of enamel changes was carried out in experimental teeth that had been exposed to @entity2631 for one, two, four, eight or 14 days. The specimens were examined under the light (LM) and the @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). All teeth had signs of very mild dental @entity3296 . No indications of @entity3760 were noted after one day. @entity4653 examination showed signs of crystal dissolution in some of the two-day specimens. Six of eight four-day specimens exhibited surface dissolution. All eight- and 14-day specimens showed signs of surface @entity3760 in the LM as well as in the @entity4653 . These observations documented that undisturbed bacterial deposits are capable of initiating @entity3760 within short time periods, even in @entity1 living in a water-fluoridated area.

title: A light and scanning electron microscopic study of enamel decalcification in XXXX living in a water-fluoridated area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local plaque accumulation']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

entities_list: @entity3760 :: ('MESH:D017001', 'Disease') :: ['demineralization', 'enamel demineralization']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['scanning electron microscope', 'SEM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Infusions of recombinant @entity1 @entity5 necrosis-alpha plus recombinant @entity1 @entity379 (rhTNF alpha/rhIFN gamma) were assessed in two @entity1 with @entity2828 . We analyzed platelet count, coagulation and the @entity465 ( @entity465 ). During cycles with continuous rhTNF alpha-infusions we found a rapid, marked @entity1423 (minus 90% of initial values) and a simultaneous increase of @entity465 (plus 84% of initial values) at day 4. At days 5-7 a spontaneous increase of platelet count and decrease of @entity465 were visible. Short-term infusion led to a milder, continuous decrease of platelet counts and to a moderate, progressive increase of @entity465 at days 5-7. Bleeding occurred only as @entity4125 and mild @entity8763 . There was no effect related to the dosage of rhTNF alpha or rhIFN gamma. Relevant differences were seen only in the variable time courses of rhTNF alpha application. Ex vivo analysis of one @entity1 's platelets showed no cytokine-related effect on induced aggregation according to Born. Additionally, we analyzed in vitro effects of the cytokines on platelet count, @entity1423 , and the assembly of @entity465 in platelet membranes. No effects were found after incubation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with 1000 pg/ml rhTNF alpha and/or 50 pg/ml rhIFN gamma. Fluid-phase and membrane-bound @entity465 did not change after incubation of PRP with cytokines. A slightly time-dependent increase of @entity465 without alteration of platelet count and platelet function did not agree with the assumption of a direct injury to platelets. We assume a cytokine-mediated role of the endothelium in @entity1423 .

title: Thrombocytopenia and complement activation under recombinant TNF alpha/ @entity379 therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of platelet count', 'platelet loss', 'platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity8763 :: ('MESH:D006456', 'Disease') :: ['hemoglobinuria']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['terminal complement complex', 'TCC']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ) most commonly results as a complication of @entity12088 in @entity6 @entity1 . Central or atypical presentations, unrelated to aural pathology, have been documented, though restricted to small @entity1 series or case reports. The current study systematically analyzed the literature to construct the clinical profile of this rare entity. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of case series. METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched for all published cases of central @entity1297 . Four additional cases were included from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Statistical analysis was performed to identify trends affecting overall outcomes or differences in treatment. RESULTS: A total of 42 cases were included with mean age of 52 years and male:female ratio of 2.2:1. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity10 and @entity129 , including VI (31%), IX (29%), and X (29%). @entity794 (21%) and @entity796 (19%) were the two most common causative pathogens. The mean duration of antimicrobial therapy was 21 weeks, with 55% requiring intravenous antibiotics for a mean duration of 6.9 weeks. Twenty of 42 @entity1 (48%) received surgical biopsy for diagnosis, whereas 18 @entity1 (43%) required adjunct surgical debridement. @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to require multiple courses of therapy (46% vs. 7%, P = .01). The overall mortality was 9.5%, with an additional 31% experiencing residual @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4034 of the central skull base poses significant challenges for timely and accurate diagnosis. Aggressive management with antimicrobials, coupled with surgical debridement in select cases, may avoid serious neurologic morbidity and mortality.

title: Central skull base XXXX : an emerging clinical entity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['Skull base osteomyelitis', 'SBO']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity12088 :: ('MESH:D010032', 'Disease') :: ['otitis externa']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prenatal and early-life periods may be critical windows for harmful effects of air pollution on @entity1 health. OBJECTIVES: We studied the association of air pollution exposure during pregnancy and the first year of life with @entity1576 , @entity2169 , and @entity484 during the first 12-18 months of age in a Spanish birth cohort of 2,199 @entity1 . METHODS: We obtained parentally reported information on doctor-diagnosed @entity1729 ( @entity1729 ) and parental reports of wheezing, @entity484 , and @entity2169 . We estimated individual exposures to @entity7459 ( @entity6836 ) and @entity7935 with temporally adjusted land use regression models. We used log-binomial regression models and a combined random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the effects of air pollution exposure on health outcomes across the four study locations. RESULTS: A 10-  g/m(3) increase in average @entity6836 during pregnancy was associated with @entity1729 [relative risk (RR) = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.12] and @entity2169 (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.41). The RRs for an interquartile range (IQR) increase in @entity6836 were 1.08 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.21) for @entity1729 and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.76) for @entity2169 . Compared with @entity6836 , the association for an IQR increase in average @entity7935 exposure was similar for @entity1729 (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.19) and slightly lower for @entity2169 (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.46). Associations were slightly stronger among @entity1 whose mothers spent more time at home during pregnancy. Air pollution exposure during the first year was highly correlated with prenatal exposure, so we were unable to discern the relative importance of each exposure period. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that early-life exposure to ambient air pollution may increase the risk of @entity1729 in @entity1 .

title: Early-life exposure to outdoor air pollution and respiratory health, XXXX , and @entity484 in @entity1 from the INMA study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7459 :: ('MESH:D009585', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen dioxide']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['LRTI', 'upper and lower respiratory tract infections', 'lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illnesses']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['ear infections']

answer: @entity2169 :: (MESH:D004427,Disease) :: ['ear infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Allergen challenge of subjects with @entity565 produces an early asthmatic response, late asthmatic response, and increases bronchial responsiveness. @entity112 partly mediates the early asthmatic response, and may play a role in late-phase responses. @entity24174 has antiallergic properties and has been proposed as a treatment for @entity565 . We therefore investigated the contribution of @entity112 to late-phase responses with the use of the potent H1-receptor antagonist @entity24174 . METHODS: Ten subjects with @entity12131 were studied in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. @entity24174 was administered over 4 days before allergen challenge. Changes in airway caliber were followed with measurements of forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and changes in bronchial responsiveness were followed by @entity2710 and @entity1672 bronchial provocation tests. RESULTS: @entity24174 significantly inhibited the development of the early asthmatic response. @entity24174 had no effect on the late asthmatic response or on the development of allergen-induced increases in bronchial responsiveness. The power of the study was sufficient to have had a high probability of detecting any important differences between placebo and @entity24174 during the late phase. CONCLUSIONS: @entity24174 had no significant effect on the late-phase response model of @entity565 . This study does not support the hypothesis that @entity112 is an important mediator of the late asthmatic response or allergen-induced increases in bronchial responsiveness.

title: The effect of H1-receptor blockade on the development of early- and late-phase bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial responsiveness in allergen-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity12131 :: ('MESH:C565292', 'Disease') :: ['atopic asthma']

entities_list: @entity24174 :: ('MESH:C020976', 'Chemical') :: ['Azelastine', 'azelastine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Histamine', 'histamine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']