abstract: UNASSIGNED: The GAUDI study assessed safety and preliminary efficacy of induction therapy with obinutuzumab plus chemotherapy, followed by maintenance with obinutuzumab alone, in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity706 . Assignment to chemotherapy was decided on a per center basis before @entity1 enrollment. @entity1 (n=81) received 4-6 cycles of obinutuzumab plus @entity11441 every 4 weeks or 6-8 cycles of obinutuzumab plus @entity3726 every 3 weeks. @entity1 with an end-of-treatment response were eligible for obinutuzumab maintenance therapy every 3 months for 2 years or until disease progression. Induction treatment was completed by 90% of @entity1 in the obinutuzumab plus @entity11441 group and 95% in the obinutuzumab plus @entity3726 group, while maintenance was completed by 81% and 72% of @entity1 , respectively. All @entity1 experienced at least one adverse event during induction, most commonly infusion-related reactions (58%), the majority of which were grade 1/2. The most common hematologic adverse event was grade 3/4 @entity1398 (36% during induction and 7% during maintenance). One treatment-related @entity204 occurred during the maintenance phase. At the end of induction, 94% of @entity1 had achieved an overall response, with complete response based on CT in 36%. The progression-free survival rate at 36 months was 90% in the obinutuzumab plus @entity11441 group and 84% in the obinutuzumab plus @entity3726 group. These results demonstrate that induction therapy with obinutuzumab plus @entity11441 or obinutuzumab plus @entity3726 , followed by obinutuzumab maintenance, is associated with tolerable safety and promising efficacy. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00825149.

title: Safety and efficacy of Obinutuzumab with @entity3726 or XXXX in previously untreated @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11441 :: ('MESH:C001758', 'Chemical') :: ['bendamustine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity11441 :: (MESH:C001758,Chemical) :: ['bendamustine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are extensively used for the treatment of gastric acid-related disorders. PPIs appear to be well tolerated and almost have no short-term side effects. However, the clinical adverse reactions of long-term PPI usage are increasingly reported in recent years. So far, there is no study that elucidates the side effects mechanisms of PPIs comprehensively and systematically. In this study, a well-defined small molecules perturbed microarray dataset of 344 compounds and 1695 samples was analyzed. With this high-throughput dataset, a new index (Identity, I) was designed to identify PPI-specific differentially expressed genes. Results indicated that 1) up-regulated genes, such as @entity59538 , @entity4187 , @entity4914 and @entity6900 , enhanced vitamin A's metabolism processes in cellular retinol metabolism path-way; 2) down-regulated genes, such as @entity6300 , @entity3841 , @entity7676 , @entity48908 , CFI, and @entity19459 , enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway. In addition, strong association was observed between these PPI-specific differentially expressed genes and the reported side-effects of PPIs by the gene-disease association network analysis. One potential @entity137 mechanism of PPIs as suggested from this systematic PPI-specific gene expression analysis is that PPIs enrich in acidic organelles where they are activated and inhibit V-ATPases and acid hydrolases, and consequently block the pathways of antigen presentation, the synthesis and secretion of cytokines, complement component proteins and coagulation factors. The strategies developed in this work could be extended to studies on other drugs.

title: Systematic XXXX mechanisms analysis of proton pump inhibitors: an in silico study.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIM: At the state of art it's unknown the correlation between @entity6 and @entity344 . Some studies show a significantly higher prevalence of small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 in @entity1 with @entity1723 in particular complicated by @entity4148 . No data exists about gastrointestinal @entity577 production in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity4148 . The aim of this paper was to evaluate the correlation of small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 and gastrointestinal @entity577 production with metabolic control and daily insulin requirements in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 and. @entity4148 . METHODS: Thirty subjects with type 1 @entity6 and @entity4148 were underwent @entity3884 and @entity577 lactulose breath test (LBT) to evaluate the presence of small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 (double peak of @entity3884 ) and @entity577 production. The metabolic control was evaluated through the glycated hemoglobin and the daily insulin requirement (calculated as ratio between total insulin units in a day and body weight). @entity577 producers were treated with @entity868 (500 mg bid for 10 days) and perform a LBT 8 weeks after the end of therapy RESULTS: Eight over thirty @entity1 (26.6%) met the diagnostic criteria for small intestinal bacterial @entity8032 . 11/30 @entity1 (36%) were @entity577 -producers (mean baseline value 16.37  13.01 ppm; mean peak 26.62  11.41 ppm); interestingly this subset of @entity1 showed a worse glycemic control (mean HbA1c 8.16  -0.9% vs. 7.49  0.8%, P<0.05). After @entity868 therapy 7/11 (63.3%) reduced @entity578 production and they showed a mean @entity4051 c significantly lower than corresponding value before antibiotic therapy (7.63  0.7% vs. 8.25  0.8%). CONCLUSION: Our study showed for the first time a possible role of @entity578 production in metabolic control. In particular, the most interesting data is that an increased values of HbA1c seems to be related to a gut @entity578 production as confirmed by its significant improvement after eradication therapy. We are not yet able to determine whether poor glycemic control is the cause or the consequence of the selection of methanogenic flora.

title: @entity577 intestinal production and poor metabolic control in @entity1723 complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane', 'Methane']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic neuropathy', 'autonomic diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity8032 :: ('MESH:D019214', 'Disease') :: ['overgrowth']

answer: @entity4148 :: (MESH:D001342,Disease) :: ['autonomic neuropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Radiation-induced @entity11 (RIMGs) are known uncommon risks of brain irradiation. We describe 4 cases of RIMG that occurred at our institution and conduct the largest comprehensive review of the literature to characterize RIMGs better. METHODS: @entity1 were identified through the PubMed database. Pearson R linear correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between radiotherapy (RT) dose and age and latency period. Student t test was used to evaluate differences between latency periods for original @entity5 lesions. A normalized biologic equivalent dose analysis was performed to indicate the minimum and maximum radiation threshold for @entity5 . A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to illustrate the overall survival curves. RESULTS: The analysis included 172 cases from the PubMed database and 4 cases occurring at our institution. The median RT dose administered was 35.6 Gy, with the most common dosage ranges being 21-30 Gy (31%) and 41-50 Gy (21.5%). Median latency period was 9 years until diagnosis of RIMG, and RIMG occurred within 15 years in 82% of the @entity1 . There was  no correlation between the age of the @entity1 at the time RT was administered (R(2)  = 0.00081) or amount of RT (R(2)  = 0.00005) and latency period for RIMG. The mean biologic equivalent dose for @entity5 of a RIMG was 63.3  Gy. The median survival of @entity1 with RIMG improved over time (P  =  0.004), with median survival of 9 months before 2007 and 11.5 months after  2007. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of RIMG appears to be the same for all age groups, histologies, and RT dosages. Although the risk is low, @entity1 should be aware of RIMG as a possible complication of brain irradiation.

title: Radiation-Induced XXXX : A Current Review.

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasia']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Malignant Gliomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 3704 Background: To prospectively evaluate efficacy of @entity2390 in treatment of chemoradiation induced @entity294 refractory to conventional @entity3062 treatment. METHODS: Our study consists of 38 intractable @entity294 @entity1 resistant to @entity3062 , out of 56 colon/rectum @entity420 @entity1 (T3-4NXM0) treated at Department of Radiation Oncology, Inonu University, between September 2002 and April 2003. All @entity1 were treated with conventional radiotherapy (50.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy/fraction) with high-energy photons and concurrent 500mg/m(2)/week i.v. bolus 5FU. Thirty-eight @entity1 had Grade 3 or 4 gastrointestinal @entity137 during chemoradiation, according to National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria (NCI-CTC). @entity294 failed to improve after 48 hours of p.o. @entity3062 (4 mg tid) administration on outpatient basis. As 38 @entity1 were assigned to receive @entity2390 (150 mg tid) subcutaneously for 5 consecutive days, 8 @entity1 who required parenteral support due to severe cramping, @entity322 , gross bloody @entity294 were not included in the trial. Complete resolution of @entity294 was considered therapeutic response, whereas partial or no improvement in @entity294 to @entity2390 application for 5 days was documented as therapeutic failure. RESULTS: @entity294 , recorded as NCI-CTC Grade 3 _ 4, was largely experienced in the first two weekly cycles of @entity1487 administration concurrent with radiotherapy; 19 (50%) @entity1 in the 1(st), 11 (31.6%) in the 2(nd), 4 (10.5%) in the 3(rd), and 3 (7.9%) in the 4(th) cycles. @entity2390 application resolved @entity294 completely in 33 @entity1 out of 38 cases (86.8%) without any side effects (1(st) day, 5; 2(nd) day, 10; 3(rd) day, 15; 4(th) day, 2; and 5(th) day, 1 cases). Five @entity2390 irresponsive @entity1 (13.2%) discontinued chemoradiation to receive further supportive treatment by parenteral support of fluids and electrolytes with alternative antidiarrheal treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Daily subcutaneous @entity2390 application for five days seems to be an effective, tolerable second-line treatment for concurrent chemoradiation induced @entity294 refractory to @entity3062 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Use of @entity2390 as second-line treatment for concurrent chemoradiation induced XXXX refractory to @entity3062 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhea']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and morbidity and mortality of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). DESIGN: A retrospective study conducted using information extracted from a multi-institutional prospective database on peritoneal surface @entity5 (PSMs). Setting Four Italian centres specializing in locoregional treatment of PSM. POPULATION: @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 underwent 57 combined procedures. @entity1104 was performed using peritonectomy procedures and HIPEC using the closed-abdomen technique with @entity900 and @entity632 or @entity900 and @entity1138 -C. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), morbidity and mortality rates. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 55.2 years (range 30-75 years). The median peritoneal cancer index was 15.2 (range 4-30). Forty-seven @entity1 had microscopic @entity66 ( @entity1939 of cytoreduction, CC-0), seven had @entity66  <=2.5 mm ( @entity14105 ) and one had @entity66 >2.5 mm (CC>2). Major complications occurred in 15 @entity1 (26.3%), and procedure-related mortality occurred in three @entity1 (5.3%). The median follow-up time was 23.1 months. The median @entity1349 and PFS were 25.7 (95% CI 20.3-31.0) and 10.8 (95% CI 5.4-16.2) months, respectively. The 5-year @entity1349 and PFS were 23% and 7%, respectively. Independent prognostic factors affecting @entity1349 according to the multivariate analysis were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, preoperative serum albumin, and @entity1939 of cytoreduction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 treated with @entity1104 and HIPEC showed promising results in terms of outcome. The combined treatment strategy could benefit subsets of @entity1 wider than that defined for conventional secondary debulking surgery without HIPEC. These data warrant further evaluation in randomised clinical trials.

title: Secondary XXXX and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for recurrent @entity43 : a multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['EOC', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['completeness']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1104 :: (MESH:D000267,Disease) :: ['cytoreductive surgery']


abstract: The time course of the recovery of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of @entity801 was studied. Six @entity1 who underwent intratympanic @entity801 instillation therapy for @entity9303 (1 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 , 32 to 69 years of age) were enrolled in this study. For comparison, SVH in 23 healthy subjects (12 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 , 23 to 48 years of age) was also measured. The mean +/- SD of SVH in healthy subjects was 0.0 +/- 1.1 deg. All of the 6 @entity1 showed significantly deviated SVH toward the injected side-down at the early stage after the therapy. Although one @entity1 showed recovery of SVH to the normal range 25 days after the injection, the other @entity1 required more time for recovery. Three @entity1 did not show recovery to the normal range after 1 year. On the other hand, spontaneous @entity346 observed using an infrared CCD camera in total dark disappeared after 35 days (median). @entity1 who had normal vestibular evoked myogenic potentials before the therapy showed a tendency of delay of recovery of SVH. The reasons why the recovery of SVH took longer than the disappearance of spontaneous @entity346 are discussed in this report.

title: Recovery of subjective visual horizontal after unilateral vestibular deafferentation by intratympanic instillation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity725 ( @entity725 ), a chronic, @entity1781 , requires persistent decrease of intraocular pressure so as to prevent @entity227 and @entity1939 . However, long-term use of topical ocular medications may affect ocular surface health. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of BAK-preserved prostaglandin analog treatment on the ocular surface health in @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity725 . METHODS: 40 newly diagnosed @entity725 @entity1 were included in this prospective study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), tear break-up time (TBUT), and ocular surface disease index (OSDI) were assessed at baseline and 3-month after starting treatment with BAK-preserved travoprost 0.004%. RESULTS: IOP decreased in all @entity1 from baseline to 3-month final visit (23.80    1.73 mmHg versus 16.78    1.27 mmHg; P < 0.001). Mean TBUT decreased from 11.70    1.86 seconds at baseline to 8.30    1.29 seconds at 3-month final visit (<0.001). Mean OSDI score increased from 31.63    18.48 to 44.41    16.48 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that BAK-preserved travoprost 0.004% is an effective medication in newly diagnosed @entity725 @entity1 , but its long-term use may negatively influence ocular surface health by disrupting the tear film stability. Further studies are needed to better understand the clinical effects of different preservative types and concentrations on the ocular surface.

title: Influence of BAK-preserved prostaglandin analog treatment on the ocular surface health in XXXX with newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'Primary open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the direct effects of @entity26 tension on endothelium dependent vasodilator responses in @entity235 coronary microvessels. DESIGN: Coronary microvessels were isolated and studied in vitro in a no flow constant pressure state using a video dimension analysing system. Microvessels were exposed to different partial pressures of @entity26 . Endothelium dependent responses to @entity934 and @entity3365 calcium ionophore were obtained with and without @entity3352 during @entity871 and normoxia, and compared to responses during @entity519 . Dose-response curves were also obtained to the direct smooth muscle dilator @entity1854 during normoxia and @entity519 . The reversibility of the effects of @entity519 on the @entity934 response was studied after return to hyperoxic conditions following @entity519 . EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL: Coronary microvessels (58-150 micron diameter) were obtained from adult mongrel @entity235 of either sex. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Exposure of preconstricted microvessels to @entity519 alone [ @entity4095 5.8(0.4)kPa] resulted in a 25.9(SEM 6.8)% relaxation that was abolished by @entity3352 [0.35(2.9)% relaxation]. @entity934 elicited dose dependent vasodilatation, with no significant differences in sensitivity between normoxia [ @entity4095 14.6(0.04) kPa] and @entity519 : EC50 = 0.023 v 0.027 mumol.litre-1, respectively. During @entity871 [ @entity4095 80.2(6.0) kPa] there was a significant increase in the EC50 value to 0.09 mumol.litre-1 ( @entity519 and normoxia v @entity871 ). After inhibition of @entity3009 synthesis with @entity3352 , the sensitivity to @entity934 was significantly decreased during @entity519 (EC50 = 0.16 mumol.litre-1) when compared to normoxia and @entity871 . @entity3352 alone did not alter the @entity934 response during normoxia and @entity871 . As with @entity934 , the sensitivity of @entity3352 treated microvessels to @entity3365 was also decreased during @entity519 when compared to @entity871 . There was no difference in the @entity1854 response during @entity519 and @entity871 . The decreased vasodilator response to @entity934 after @entity519 was persistent up to 2 h after return to hyperoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity519 decreases vasodilatation due to endothelium dependent relaxing factor, and @entity26 tension has an important influence on both receptor dependent and receptor independent endothelium dependent vasodilator responses in coronary microvessels. @entity519 also induces a @entity3009 mediated dilatation of preconstricted coronary microvessels. The effects of @entity519 on endothelium dependent responses are persistent up to 2 h.

title: Effects of @entity26 tension on endothelium dependent responses in XXXX coronary microvessels.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin', 'indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the use of @entity560 analogues and oral @entity460 supplements, hypocalcaemia following @entity954 is a common problem, because of the so-called @entity79 . METHODS: The aim of this audit was to determine whether the change in clinical practice by the administration of @entity5279 before parathyroidectomy, in addition to standard perioperative management, could prevent severe postoperative hypocalcaemia. RESULTS: The postoperative course of 37 @entity454 @entity1 on regular dialysis referred for total parathyroidectomy were reviewed. Twenty-seven @entity1 had been given @entity5279 24-48 h before surgery. @entity5279 reduced corrected serum @entity460 from 2.54 +/- 0.18 mmol/L (mean +/- SD) to 2.36 +/- 0.18 before surgery (P < 0.05). Following surgery, serum @entity460 in the 10 @entity1 given standard therapy alone fell to a nadir of 2.08 mmol/L (1.75-2.19) (median (interquartile range) by the first postoperative day, and all 10 @entity1 required additional support with multiple boluses of intravenous @entity460 . In the @entity5279 group, the lowest median postoperative @entity460 was 2.3 mmol/L (2.2-2.46), P < 0.05, and only two @entity1 required additional support with intravenous @entity460 , chi(2) = 27, P < 0.001). However, in the longer term the annual percentage increase in bone mineral density following parathyroidectomy was non-statistically lower in the @entity5279 group compared with the controls (lumbar spine (L1-L4), 0.041 +/- 0.04 vs 0.058 +/- 0.41, P = 0.23 and femoral neck, 0.03 +/- 0.03 vs 0.107 +/- 0.1, P = 0.15, respectively). CONCLUSION: Preoperative @entity5279 in combination with high doses of oral @entity15199 and @entity460 supplements can prevent symptomatic postoperative hypocalcaemia, reduce the requirement for intensive monitoring of @entity460 , reduce @entity1 morbidity, and reduce hospital stay from 9.2 +/- 1.9 to 5.7 +/- 2.9 days, P < 0.05. However, in the longer term @entity5279 may potentially delay bone remodelling.

title: Administration of XXXX helps prevent immediate @entity79 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5279 :: ('MESH:C019248', 'Chemical') :: ['pamidronate', 'Pamidronate']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['hungry bone syndrome']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical parathyroidectomy']

entities_list: @entity15199 :: ('MESH:C008088', 'Chemical') :: ['alfacalcidol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity5279 :: (MESH:C019248,Chemical) :: ['pamidronate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple hypointense vessels (MHV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) are frequently observed in @entity1 with @entity2806 , but their implication has not been clearly established. To elucidate the clinical significance of MHV on SWI, we investigated the association of MHV on SWI with clinical data and other MR markers in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: We enrolled acute @entity64 @entity1 with internal carotid or proximal @entity2500 who underwent MRI including SWI within 3 days from @entity64 onset. Baseline clinical data were reviewed. @entity64 severity was measured by the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS). We graded the degree of MHV on SWI as four groups of none, subtle, relative, or extensive by the modified Alberta @entity64 Program Early CT Scan (ASPECTS) system. To evaluate the degree of collateral flow, distal hyperintense vessels (DHV) on FLAIR and vessels on post-contrast time-of-flight MR angiography ( @entity215 MRA) source images were graded respectively as 3 groups: none/subtle/prominent and poor/moderate/good. Diffusion and perfusion lesion volume and diffusion-perfusion mismatch (DPM) ratio were measured in all @entity1 . We analyzed the association of the degree of MHV on SWI with clinical data and MR markers. RESULTS: Eighty @entity1 were included in the study. The mean MR time from @entity64 onset was 12.4 h (range 0.5-63.0). There is no difference in MR time from @entity64 onset between groups of MHV on SWI. MHV were observed in 68 (85%) of 80 @entity1 : none in 12, subtle in 11, relative in 13, and extensive in 44. There were no statistically significant associations between MHV on SWI and vascular risk factors. @entity1 with more extensive MHV on SWI had a smaller diffusion volume (p < 0.001), larger DPM (p < 0.001), and lower initial NIHSS scores (p = 0.022). Prominent DHV was presented in 29 of 44 @entity1 with extensive MHV (p < 0.001). Good collateral flow on @entity215 MRA source images was presented in 37 of 44 @entity1 with extensive MHV (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: More extensive MHV on SWI in acute @entity385 is associated with lower initial NIHSS scores, smaller diffusion lesion volume, better collateral flow, and larger @entity4342 . Our results show the possibility that MHV on SWI may be a useful surrogate marker for predicting increased @entity26 extraction fraction and diffusion-perfusion mismatch in acute @entity63 hemisphere.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Multiple hypointense vessels on susceptibility-weighted imaging in acute @entity385 : surrogate marker of XXXX extraction fraction in penumbra?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) and @entity28 are national public health problems that are potentially associated. We examined the association between IPV exposure and 5-year @entity1017 in young @entity1 . We also examined whether @entity308 conferred additional increases in @entity1017 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analyses were conducted among @entity1 in Project EAT, a longitudinal cohort study of weight-related health, which has collected data at three 5-year survey waves: "EAT I" (mean age 15 years), "EAT II" (mean age 19 years), and "EAT III" (mean age 25 years). Height and body weight were self-reported at each survey wave. IPV victimization and @entity308 were assessed on the EAT II survey. The study comprised @entity1 with data on IPV and body mass index (BMI) (N   =   619). Linear regression analyses examined (1) 5-year (EAT II to EAT III) BMI change as a function of IPV exposure and (2) 5-year BMI change as a function of @entity308 at EAT II in @entity1 with and without IPV exposure. RESULTS: Almost 20% of the study sample reported IPV. @entity1 exposed to both physical and sexual IPV at EAT II gained 1.1   kg/m(2) (95% CI -0.2 to 2.4) more, over 5 years, than @entity1 unexposed to IPV, although this did not reach statistical significance. Among those with IPV exposure, @entity308 at EAT II was associated with an additional increase in BMI of 1.8   kg/m(2) (95% CI 0.2-3.4) relative to no @entity308 . CONCLUSION: Survivors of IPV with @entity308 may have accelerated @entity1017 . @entity130 -informed @entity28 prevention strategies may be warranted in this group.

title: Intimate Partner Violence and 5-Year Weight Change in Young XXXX : A Longitudinal Study.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive mood']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: @entity390 is a commonly reported symptom with a point prevalence of about 12% in the community. @entity390 is a prominent symptom in functional @entity344 and @entity1 with @entity148 and @entity308 frequently present @entity344 such as @entity390 and abdominal discomfort as their main problem when they consult a doctor. Functional @entity344 are strongly related to @entity148 and @entity308 with a lifetime prevalence of 80--90% in samples from clinics of gastroenterology. This study examines the relationship between @entity148 , @entity308 and @entity390 in a large community sample. A questionnaire on physical and mental health and demographic and life-style factors was sent to all adults 20 years and above in Nord Tr  ndelag county in Norway. A total of 94,197 questionnaires were sent, with 62,651 @entity1 returning the questionnaire, a response rate of 66.5%. The presence of @entity390 , heartburn, @entity294 and @entity1142 during the last year was recorded. @entity148 and @entity308 were based on self-rating of the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). Forty-eight per cent reported one or several gastrointestinal complaints during the last year. 12.5% complained of @entity390 . 15.3% had an @entity148 and 10.4% a @entity308 based on HADS ratings. Presence of @entity148 carried the highest risk for @entity390 (OR 3.42). Presence of @entity308 also increased the risk, but less than @entity148 (OR 1.47). Demographic factors, life-style factors and extra-gastrointestinal conditions did not reduce the OR of @entity148 and @entity308 to any significant extent. We found that the presence of @entity148 was the strongest risk factor for @entity390 . @entity308 also carried a certain risk while demographic factors, life-style factors and other somatic conditions did not carry any substantial risk for @entity390 . Differential diagnoses of @entity390 should therefore include both @entity148 and @entity308 conditions.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in the community: psychological, social and somatic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depression', 'depressive', 'depressions']

entities_list: @entity390 :: ('MESH:D009325', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea', 'nausea']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disorders', 'gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety', 'Anxiety disorders', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity390 :: (MESH:D009325,Disease) :: ['nausea']


abstract: The @entity19612 gene encodes aggregation substance (Asc10) which is essential for transfer of the @entity5681 -inducible conjugative plasmid pCF10 in @entity797 . The prgQ and @entity61922 regions, located 4 kb upstream of @entity19612 , are required for the expression of @entity19612 . Complementation studies indicated that the prgQ region functions in cis and in an orientation-dependent manner relative to the @entity19612 gene (J. W. Chung and G. M. Dunny, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:9020-9024, 1992). Analysis of transcriptional fusions in this study, using a promoterless lacZ gene in several locations between prgQ and @entity19612 , confirmed that the prgQ region does not carry a promoter for the expression of @entity19612 and that @entity19612 does not comprise an operon with @entity19613 (which encodes the surface exclusion protein Sec10), the gene immediately upstream from @entity19612 . Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrated that two distinct transcripts (Qs RNA and QL RNA), much larger than the prgQ gene, were expressed in the prgQ region. QS RNA was produced constitutively, whereas QL RNA was produced inducibly by @entity5681 . The lack of any other open reading frame in QL RNA and significant sequence complementarity between the 3' end of QL RNA and the promoter region of @entity19612 suggested that the functional products of the prgQ region might be RNA molecules rather than proteins. A mutation in @entity61922 completely abolished the production of QL RNA. A model for transcriptional activation of @entity19612 is presented.

title: Transcriptional analysis of a region of the XXXX plasmid pCF10 involved in positive regulation of conjugative transfer functions.

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity5681 :: ('CHEBI:26013', 'Chemical') :: ['pheromone']

answer: @entity797 :: (1351,Species) :: ['Enterococcus faecalis']


abstract: The development of civilization and progress in medicine made the prolongation of the life span and increased share of the advanced old age @entity1 in the population. The consequence of this process is growth in frequency of diseases related to age including @entity303 . However diagnosis of @entity73 is still difficult and it makes some problems in an everyday medical practice. The aim of this report is to define main and significant determinants of @entity303 basing on the MMSE scale. This could make it easier to suspect the @entity73 to make indepth diagnosis and to start earlier therapy. The sample consisted of 124 community dwelling @entity1 75-year old and over. 64 of them were mildly, moderately or severely demented according to Katzman scale administered previously and 60 were intellectually intact. The both groups of @entity1 were tested with MMSE. Geriatric Depression Scale, ADL scale (EASY-Care questionnaire) and short internal and neurological examination. The multiple regression model were used, where dependent variable was the MMSE score and independent variables social-demographic data, ADL and @entity24575 scales and data from interview and medical examination. 72 variables were included to the model and 39 of them were significantly connected with @entity73 . The valid factors explained @entity303 in 78.7% (adjusted R2 = 0.787). The strongest connection was found with (1) an ignorance of own date of birth, (2) low education level, (3) behaviour disorders and (4) an advanced old age. These determinants, including difficulties with handling own money, have explained @entity303 in 57%. The presence such symptoms could make easier to suspect the @entity73 , to make in-depth diagnosis, and to start earlier therapy.

title: [Determinants of XXXX in the advanced old age elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: We randomly assigned 39 @entity1 with @entity134 -dependent generalized @entity1737 to treatment with @entity205 (5 mg/kg per body weight in divided doses) or placebo. Duration of treatment was 6 months. @entity1 were evaluated monthly. Primary measures of efficacy were quantified strength testing, antihuman @entity934 receptor antibody titer, and dosage of corticosteroid medication. At the end of the study, @entity1 in the @entity205 group had significantly greater improvement in strength (p = 0.004) and a reduction in antireceptor antibody titer (p = 0.01). Percentage reduction of @entity134 medication was greater in the @entity205 group, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.12). There were no treatment failures, and there was one drug failure in the @entity205 group. In the placebo group, there were three treatment failures. No significant nephrotoxicity was noted at this dosage during the first 6 months. During the subsequent 18 months of open-label therapy, continued reduction in @entity134 dosage occurred. Cumulative side effects, however, caused 35% of @entity1 to discontinue the medication; 10% did so secondary to slowly progressive nephrotoxicity.

title: A clinical therapeutic trial of XXXX in @entity1737 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: Blockade of the @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor by the ion-channel-blocking drug aptiganel @entity5209 ( @entity55505 , Cerestat) is neuroprotective in focal @entity2806 . Short intravenous infusions of up to 30 microg/kg have been well tolerated by healthy male volunteers. We undertook a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 20 male volunteers to examine the safety, tolerability, and cardiovascular and psychomotor effects of a dosing paradigm similar to that envisaged for therapeutic use. Aptiganel @entity5828 was infused over 4 h in total doses of 15, 32, 50, or 73 microg kg. Mean arterial pressure increased significantly with dose group (p < 0.01, analysis of covariance). Motor reaction time was related to maximal plasma concentration (r2 = 0.21, p < 0.001). Transient symptoms and signs of peripheral paresthesiae, light-headedness, and euphoria were seen at total doses of 32 microg/ kg. Higher doses were associated with @entity1957 , @entity132 , and @entity1833 (one case). Clearance was 125 +/- 55 L/h, and volume of distribution was 537 +/- 1,261. Total doses of up to 32 microg/kg of aptiganel @entity5828 infused over 4 h are well tolerated by healthy males. Aptiganel @entity5828 causes elevation of blood pressure and is associated with central nervous system symptoms and signs similar to other noncompetitive @entity143 antagonists.

title: Effects of prolonged infusions of the @entity143 antagonist @entity55505 ( XXXX ) in normal volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity55505 :: (MESH:C079779,Chemical) :: ['CNS 1102']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Though hemodialysis (HD) acutely improves cardiac function, the impact of background diseases like @entity453 ( @entity453 ) and @entity164 2 @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) in the setting of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) is not known. Tissue velocity echocardiography (TVE) offers a fast choice to follow changes in myocardial function after HD in @entity454 with concomitant @entity3918 and /or @entity453 . METHODS: 46 subjects (17 with @entity454 , Group 1; 15 with @entity3918 , Group 2; 14 with @entity3918 + @entity453 , Group 3) underwent standard and TVE prior to and shortly after HD. Besides standard Doppler variables, regional myocardial systolic and diastolic velocities, as well as systolic strain rate were post processed. RESULTS: Compared with pre-HD, post-HD body weight (kg) significantly decreased in all the three groups (51 +/- 9 vs. 48 +/- 8, 62 +/- 10 vs.59 +/- 10, and 61 +/- 9 vs. 58 +/- 9 respectively; all p < 0.01). Left ventricular end diastolic dimensions (mm) also decreased post- HD (46 +/- 5 vs. 42 +/- 7, 53 +/- 7 vs. 50 +/- 7, 51 +/- 7 vs. 47 +/- 8 respectively; all p < 0.01). Regional longitudinal peak systolic velocity in septum (cm/s) significantly increased post-HD in Group 1(5.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 7.2 +/- 2.3; p < 0.001) while remained unchanged in the other two groups. Similar trends were noted in other left ventricular walls. When the myocardial velocities (cm/s) were computed globally, the improvement was seen only in Group 1 (6.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 7.9 +/- 2.0; p < 0.001). Global early regional diastolic velocity (cm/s) improved in Group 1, remained unchanged in Group 2, while significantly decreased in Group 3(-5.9 +/- 1.3 vs. -4.1 +/- 1.8; p < 0.01). Global systolic strain rate (1/sec) increased in the first 2 Groups but remained unchanged (-0.87 +/- 0.4 vs. -0.94 +/- 0.3; p = ns) in Group 3. CONCLUSION: A single HD session improves LV function only in @entity454 without coexistent @entity3918 and/or @entity453 . The present data suggest that not only dialysis-dependent changes in loading conditions but also co-existent background diseases determine the myocardial response to HD.

title: Differing myocardial response to a single session of hemodialysis in XXXX with and without @entity6 and @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: We reported recently that ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesions increased the synthesis of DNA in the gastrointestinal tract of @entity35 by the firing of vagus nerve activity, mainly via cholinergic receptor mechanisms. In the present study, we examined whether the mitotic response is due to proliferation of a cell population--mucosal, submucosal, or muscular layer. A monoclonal antibody to @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) has previously been shown to be capable of identifying proliferating cells. Samples of @entity406 -fixed @entity344 , taken before and after VMH lesioning, were immunostained with the anti- @entity1975 monoclonal antibody, and the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was determined. To discriminate the effect of @entity7298 in VMH lesioned @entity35 , we utilized the method of pair-feeding. Cell proliferation was examined by the @entity1975 -labeling technique 0, 1, 3, and 7 days after VMH lesioning. The increase in proliferation was confined to cells in the mucosa and did not involve the muscularis and serosa. Studies in control animals showed that the @entity894 was higher in the small intestine than in other gut segments, and higher in the large intestine than in the stomach. The mean @entity1975 - @entity894 began to increase at 1 day and continued to increase for 3 days, then decreased 7 days following the lesioning. Results indicate that the @entity344 is in a state of hyperproliferation after VMH lesioning.

title: Ventromedial hypothalamic lesions induce the proliferation of @entity344 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal epithelium', 'gastrointestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity66 , caused by the myxozoan parasite Myxobolus cerebralis, has high economical and ecological importance worldwide. Susceptibility to the disease varies considerably among salmonid species. In brown trout (Salmo trutta) the @entity281 is usually subclinical with low mortality, which increases the risk of parasite dissemination, especially when farm fish are used for stocking natural habitats. The influence of intraspecific genetic differences (especially the level of homozygosity) on susceptibility is unknown. Therefore, we examined the possible correlations between parental genetic diversity and offspring susceptibility of brown trout stocks to @entity66 . METHODS: Two brown trout brood stocks from a German and a Hungarian fish farm were genetically characterized using microsatellite and lineage-specific genetic markers. The individual inbreeding coefficient f and pairwise relatedness factor r were estimated based on eight microsatellite markers. Brood stock populations were divided into groups according to low and high f and r value estimates and subjected to selective fertilization. The offspring from these separate groups were exposed to M. cerebralis actinospores, and the @entity281 prevalence and intensity was measured and statistically analysed. RESULTS: The analysis of phylogeographic lineage heritage revealed high heterogeneity in the Hungarian brood stock since   >   50% of individuals were @entity8625 , while only pure Atlantic-descending specimens were detected in the German population. Based on f msat and r msat estimations, classified non-inbred (NIB), inbred (IB) and a group of closely related fish (REL) were created. The susceptibility of their offspring varied considerably. Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of M. cerebralis @entity281 , the mean intensity of @entity281 differed significantly between NIB and IB groups. In REL and IB groups, a high variability was observed in @entity281 intensity. No external clinical signs were observed in the exposed brown trout groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the allelic diversity of brown trout brood stock may constitute a significant factor in disease susceptibility, i.e. the intensity of parasite @entity281 in the subsequent generation.

title: Parental genetic diversity of brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) brood stock affects offspring susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['Atlantic-Danubian hybrids']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Whirling disease', 'whirling disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['whirling disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of @entity3652 as a treatment of @entity3825 is not known. The current study investigated the effect of @entity3652 on spinal dorsal horn neurons excited by @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ). The effect of other clinically available @entity1024 receptor antagonists on these responses was also studied. METHODS: Extracellular recordings of neurons located in the L6-S2 spinal dorsal horn of cervical spinal cord-transected, decerebrate female @entity35 were obtained. Cutaneous receptive fields of neuronal units excited by @entity1494 were characterized for responses to segmental noxious and nonnoxious stimuli. Nonsegmental noxious stimuli were also applied, and neurons were classified as type I (inhibited) and type II (noninhibited) by the stimulus. The effect of intravenous @entity3652 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg), @entity14031 (5 mg/kg), and @entity3393 (16 mg/kg) on neuronal responses of these units was measured. RESULTS: Spontaneous and evoked neuronal activity to @entity1494 was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion by @entity3652 . Responses to nonnoxious cutaneous stimuli were also significantly reduced after treatment. @entity14031 inhibited neuronal activity evoked by @entity1494 in type I neurons. A similar selective effect of treatment on type I versus type II neurons was observed after intravenous @entity3652 and @entity3393 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity3652 produces dose-dependent inhibition of the spinal cord neuronal responses evoked by @entity1494 . All three @entity1024 receptor antagonists showed selective effects on spinal cord neurons subject to counterirritation. This neurophysiologic evidence supports a spinally mediated analgesic effect of @entity3652 in this model of @entity1494 , an effect likely caused by @entity1024 receptor antagonism.

title: @entity3652 , an XXXX receptor antagonist, inhibits the spinal neuronal responses to distension of the @entity35 urinary bladder.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['UBD', 'urinary bladder nociception', 'urinary bladder distension']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan', 'dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: There have been many attempts at identifying substances and describing methods that would assist the surgeon and be of benefit to the @entity1 undergoing a tonsillectomy. The use of @entity62711 as a haemostatic adjunct during tonsillectomy has only been described previously in retrospective studies. A controlled prospective randomized trial of 100 paediatric @entity1 , in which 50 @entity1 had a tonsillectomy performed using @entity62711 as a haemostatic agent and in which the remainder did not have any associated haemostatic substance, is presented here. Data on 72 @entity1 was analysed, 39 @entity1 belonging to the @entity62711 group and the remaining 33 to the control group. The time for haemostasis was three to 18 (mean 7.8) minutes in the @entity1535 group. It was four to 16 (mean 9.9) minutes in the non- @entity1535 group. These figures are statistically significant. The range of ties used in the @entity1535 group was none to three (mean 1.5) ties and one to seven (mean 3.4) ties in the non- @entity1535 group. These figures are also statistically significant. The remainder of the recorded parameters did not differ significantly. It was found that @entity62711 /adrenaline paste decreases operating time by significantly reducing the haemostasis time and the number of ties required but does not decrease post-operative morbidity.

title: XXXX --its role in tonsillectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity62711 :: ('MESH:C002170', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subgallate']

answer: @entity62711 :: (MESH:C002170,Chemical) :: ['Bismuth subgallate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for varus nonunion and malunion of @entity173 . SETTING: University hospital. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 (age range 29-84 years) with varus malunion (11 cases) or varus nonunion (4 cases). Indication for surgery was nonunion or varus malunion with limb shortening greater than 2 cm associated with limp, abductor @entity121 , @entity158 . INTERVENTION: The @entity1 were treated by a valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy fixed with a 120 degrees double-angled blade plate. RESULTS: Average follow-up was 5.5 years (range 2-10 years). Fourteen @entity1 healed without complications: 12 @entity1 within 4 months; 2 delayed unions within 6 months. One @entity1 required revision surgery for a loss of fixation due to a fall 6 weeks after surgery. This osteotomy also healed. Average lengthening achieved by osteotomy was 2 cm (range 1-5 cm). In all @entity1 , the resulting range of flexion in the hip joint was greater than 90 degrees, Harris hip score before surgery was 73 points (range 61-83), and after surgery 92 points (range 76-98). @entity571 or @entity2738 did not develop in any of the cases. CONCLUSION: Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy is an effective procedure that reliably restores hip function in trochanteric malunion or nonunion.

title: Valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy for malunion and nonunion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of the femoral head']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain, and back pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle insufficiency']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['trochanteric fractures']


abstract: Microalbuminuria in @entity6 is a risk factor for early @entity204 and an indicator for @entity551 (BP) lowering. We compared a combination of 2 mg @entity4687 /0.625 mg @entity7486 with @entity4688 monotherapy on albumin excretion rate (AER) in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity633 , and @entity101 in a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group international multicenter study. Four hundred eighty-one @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity101 (systolic BP > or =140 mm Hg, <180 mm Hg, diastolic BP <110 mm Hg) were randomly assigned (age 59+/-9 years, 77% previously treated for @entity101 ). Results from 457 @entity1 (intention-to-treat analysis) were available. After a 4-week placebo period, @entity1 with @entity633 >20 and <500 microg/min were randomly assigned to a combination of 2 mg @entity4687 /0.625 mg @entity7486 or to 10 mg daily @entity4688 . After week 12, doses were adjusted on the basis of BP to a maximum of 8 mg @entity4687 /2.5 mg @entity7486 or 40 mg @entity4688 . The main outcome measures were overnight AER and supine BP. Both treatments reduced BP. @entity4687 / @entity7486 treatment resulted in a statistically significant higher fall in both BP (-3.0 [95% CI -5.6, -0.4], P=0.012; systolic BP -1.5 [95% CI -3.0, -0.1] diastolic BP P=0.019) and AER -42% (95% CI -50%, -33%) versus -27% (95% CI -37%, -16%) with @entity4688 . The greater AER reduction remained significant after adjustment for mean BP. Adverse events were similar in the 2 groups. Thus, first-line treatment with low-dose combination @entity4687 / @entity7486 induces a greater decrease in @entity633 than @entity4688 , partially independent of BP reduction. A BP-independent effect of the combination may increase renal protection.

title: Effect of low-dose @entity4687 / @entity7486 on @entity633 in XXXX : preterax in @entity633 regression: PREMIER.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity7486 :: ('MESH:D007190', 'Chemical') :: ['indapamide']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril', 'Perindopril']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The economic situation has made it necessary to optimize resources by adjusting the pharmaceutical expenditure. @entity6624 was (2011) the 10th drug by rank of billed amount. Its approved indications are @entity64 (acute and sub-acute) and @entity542 , but not @entity73 associated with age, the presumed indication for most of its use. OBJECTIVES: To assess the conditions of use of @entity6624 in the Health Area of Tenerife, in order to detect deviations from the indications of use as stipulated in the prescribing information sheet and the pattern of prescription, with emphasis on the analysis of its use in @entity303 where currently it has no indication or evidence to support it. METHOD: Cross-sectional study of prescription-indication. A 680 @entity1 sample, segmented by reference hospital (error  5%; CI: 0.95%; P=0.5) was taken from the 4036 @entity1 with a prescription of @entity6624 billed during august-october 2011 (obtained from the prescription database program, Farmacanarias). RESULTS: We found that 123 @entity1 (18.1%) had an appropriate indication. By including the prescription regimen, 28 @entity1 (4.1%) had adequate indication and dose levels, and in only 2 @entity1 (0.2%) an appropriate indication, dosage and duration were found. CONCLUSIONS: "The correct prescription-indication" of @entity6624 is inappropiate in almost all @entity1 studied. Impact actions are needed in order to optimize prescription, improve @entity1 safety by reducing potential interactions, and the occurrence of adverse effects, and improve efficiency by promoting savings.

title: [Prescription appropriateness: Indication of XXXX in Primary Care.]

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity6624 :: ('MESH:D003566', 'Chemical') :: ['Citicoline', 'citicoline']

answer: @entity6624 :: (MESH:D003566,Chemical) :: ['citicoline']


abstract: We have treated five GH-deficient prepubertal @entity1 (4 M, 1 F) with GH releasing hormone 1-40 (GHRH1-40) in two dosage regimens over 9 months. Profiles of serum GH concentrations were obtained over 24 hours before treatment and nocturnal profiles were obtained serially throughout the study. @entity7704 was administered subcutaneously at night for four pulses using 1 microgram/kg/pulse in the first 3 months and 2 micrograms/kg/pulse for a further 6 months. All subjects demonstrated pituitary responsiveness to i.v. @entity7704 before treatment and at 3 and 6 months. GH secretion was induced in a pulsatile fashion in response to subcutaneous @entity7704 in three @entity1 from the first night of treatment. A self priming effect to successive @entity7704 pulses was evident and the response augmented with time and with the higher dose regimen. The growth velocity of these three @entity1 increased from a mean of 3.7 cm/year (range 3.7-3.8) before treatment to 5.5 cm/year (range 4.1-7.2) over the first 3 months and to 7.2 cm/year (range 4.8-9.2) over the following 6 months. In one subject entrainment of GH secretion to @entity7704 did not occur until the higher dose regimen and this was associated with a modest increase in growth velocity. One subject did not respond to treatment. Pulsatile administration of GHRH1-40 is effective in inducing GH secretion and promoting growth acceleration in some @entity1 with @entity2338 . The optimal dose and mode of administration of @entity7704 have yet to be established.

title: Nocturnal pulsatile growth hormone releasing hormone treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic GH deficiency']

answer: @entity2338 :: (MESH:D004393,Disease) :: ['growth hormone deficiency']


abstract: A 5-year-old @entity1 of African descent presented with a history of progressive @entity4 on the right side of the jaw since the past 2-3   months. Orthopantomogram showed a radiolucent lesion near the angle of the mandible. Subsequent CT scan revealed a 2   cm 2   cm radiolucent lesion with intense periosteal reaction surrounding the lesion and destruction of the overlying cortex. Radiological perplexity aroused regarding the possibility of @entity1712 or some other @entity5 . Incisional biopsy performed and microscopy showed spindle cell @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry confirmed it as @entity20393 . @entity20393 is a rare @entity5 involving mesenchyme. Involvement of the mandible is rare. Radiological presentation with strong periosteal reaction is a rarity and has rarely been reported in the medical literature. We conclude that intraosseous @entity20393 can sometimes have strong periosteal reaction and careful radiological evaluation is a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary aggressive therapy.

title: Mandibular swelling in a 5-year-old XXXX --mandibular @entity20393 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity20393 :: ('MESH:D047708', 'Disease') :: ['myofibroma', 'Myofibroma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'tumor', 'benign tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['painless swelling']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['child']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: According to the Randall plaque theory, urinary crystals may attach to focal interstitial deposits of @entity78 (CaP), localized in the @entity8 . The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of papillary biopsy, performed during ureterorenoscopy (URS) or percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), to obtain, in vivo, appropriate samples to investigate interstitial CaP deposits that represent Randall's plaques precursors. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 who were affected by recurrent @entity1290 , 13 males and 15 females, with a median age of 42.5 years (range 17-76 y), underwent rigid and/or flexible URS (8 @entity1 ) or PCNLs (20 @entity1 ). In all cases, endoscopic biopsies from @entity8 were performed. Papillary samples were obtained by means of 3F or 4F cup biopsy forceps if semirigid and flexible ureterorenoscopes were used. During percutaneous procedures, with rigid and flexible instruments, 5F or 10F cup forceps were used. The same pathologist analyzed all the histologic specimens. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent successful biopsy procedures. The quality of the obtained tissue allowed for an accurate histochemical analysis in 27 of 28 (96.4%) biopsies. One biopsy was inadequate because of some important regressive phenomena. No specific complications had to be attributed to biopsy procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous or transureteral biopsies of @entity8 resulted in being safe and appropriate procedures to obtain papillary samples to identify the presence of interstitial @entity460 deposits. In the light of the low number of inadequate biopsies, it can be concluded that no difference was found between the percutaneous and transureteral bioptic approach.

title: Percutaneous and transureteral biopsies of XXXX : safe and appropriate procedures for in vivo histologic analysis in stone formers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['tip of the renal papillae', 'renal papillae']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['renal stones']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal papillae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the ocular fundus findings of @entity1 who suffered sudden @entity227 associated with sexual activity. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Outpatient ophthalmic practice. @entity1 : Six @entity1 presented with a precipitous @entity227 with no apparent predisposing factors. After obtaining a careful history, each @entity1 revealed that he or she had been engaging in rigorous sexual activity immediately before experiencing the @entity227 . INTERVENTION: Five of the six @entity1 were followed up without intervention. One @entity1 required prophylactic laser photocoagulation of a @entity937 to decrease the risk of @entity1713 . RESULTS: Six @entity1 aged 24 to 53 years suffered @entity1018 secondary to intraretinal, preretinal, or vitreous @entity548 . Visual acuity in the affected eyes ranged from a mild decrease (20/40) to profound @entity227 (counting fingers at 6 in). Five of the six @entity1 were followed up for at least 1 month and showed spontaneous improvement in vision as the blood cleared. Those who returned for long-term follow-up enjoyed complete visual recovery without any sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Sudden debilitating @entity227 may occur during sexual activity from the @entity2479 in the macular region or from the development of @entity548 from an induced @entity937 . The long-term prognosis after such @entity548 appears to be excellent, with good visual recovery occurring as the blood resorbs spontaneously.

title: Sudden XXXX associated with sexual activity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['sudden loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in vision in one eye', 'visual loss']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tear']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging', 'vitreous bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of retinal blood vessels']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visual loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Orbital structures are affected in approximately 40% of all cases of craniofacial @entity130 . Changes in the bony orbital dimensions can alter the function of intraorbital contents and lead to serious complications. The unique anatomy of the orbit and the resulting surgical approaches make the process of fitting and aligning implants difficult, time consuming and operator dependent. It is now possible to make relatively inexpensive anatomical models on the basis of computed tomography images, using rapid prototyping. Such models can be used as templates to form @entity702 mesh implants, which are then used in the reconstruction of orbital floor defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six @entity1 with facial @entity130 were included in this study. First, 3D virtual models and then physical models were created. These were used as templates to shape the @entity702 mesh and then intraoperatively as guides to aid correct implant placement in the orbit. RESULTS: Significant improvement resulted in three cases and total recovery in three cases. CONCLUSION: It is financially viable to build anatomical models, on the basis of CT studies, that can be used in the repair of @entity8924 .

title: Clinical application of 3D pre-bent XXXX implants for @entity8924 .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital floor fractures']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: In the management of the @entity1 with intra-abdominal recurrence of @entity14 , surgery remains the primary mode of therapy when cure or significant palliation is anticipated. Appreciation of the importance of close follow-up after primary resection coupled with improved diagnostic modalities has allowed the surgeon not only to detect earlier recurrence but also to select the @entity1 most likely to benefit from resection of @entity66 . Improved surgical techniques with resultant decreases in the rates of morbidity and mortality have allowed safe hepatic resection of metastatic disease. In selected @entity1 , this procedure produces 5-year survival rates approaching 50%. Although a clear consensus has not been reached, most studies agree that positive prognostic indicators include @entity6687 , a small number of @entity75 , a low @entity787 level, and a better Dukes stage of the primary. Likewise, in the @entity1 with @entity66 locally, surgery provides the only means of cure and also plays a significant role in palliation. Aggressive resection with generous surgical margins in @entity1 with contained disease may yield 5-year survival rates approaching 35%. In @entity1 with unresectable disease and even in those with @entity189 , palliation can be obtained by surgical therapy. Judgment is necessary in treating these @entity1 both preoperatively and intraoperatively. Surgical intervention for obstruction, perforation, or other anatomic or physiological compromise is often indicated and can improve the quality of life of the @entity1 with intra-abdominal recurrence.

title: Reoperation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6687 :: ('MESH:D001651', 'Disease') :: ['absence of extrahepatic disease']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre (DAAC) investigated 89 adult @entity1 with suspected perioperative @entity2261 -associated @entity56 reactions between 2004 and 2013. The goals were to determine if the time to index reaction after @entity2261 exposure could be used to implicate @entity2261 as the cause of the reactions and explore different test modalities in diagnosing @entity2261 @entity56 . METHOD: Skin tests, in vitro tests, and titrated provocations were used to determine @entity2261 @entity56 . @entity1 were deemed @entity2261 positive on the basis of at least 2 positive tests and/or a positive provocation. RESULTS: One or more tests were positive for @entity2261 in 24/89 (27.0%) @entity1 . One was only specific IgE-positive and was deemed @entity2261 negative. Twenty-three (25.8%) were deemed @entity2261 positive. There were 4 specific IgE-, 4 @entity112 release test-, 13 skin test-, and 14 provocation positive @entity1 . There were 8 (34.8%) @entity1 who were only provocation positive. Data on time to index reaction after @entity2261 exposure was available for 80 @entity1 (22 in the positive group and 58 in the negative group), 22/22 (100%) of positive @entity1 reacted in < 15 minutes versus only 38/58 (65.5%) of negative @entity1 . CONCLUSION: All @entity1 with confirmed @entity56 to @entity2261 reacted within 15 minutes of administration, but so did 65.5% of @entity2261 negative @entity1 , making timing of administration an unreliable predictor of causation in the perioperative setting. Provocations were always positive when carried out in skin test positive @entity1 ; however 8 @entity1 had positive provocations only, highlighting the need for provocation in skin test negative @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical and diagnostic features of perioperative @entity56 to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity2261 :: (MESH:D002444,Chemical) :: ['cefuroxime']


abstract: PURPOSE: The detection of @entity320 cells in the circulation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays has been shown by several investigators to correlate with the stage of the disease and possibly with prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: We performed prospective studies on 276 @entity1 with primary @entity320 and regional lymph node (LN) @entity3 to assess the predictive value of PCR detection of @entity11442 and @entity320 antigen recognized by T cells-1 ( @entity3059 ) in the blood for recurrence of @entity320 . RESULTS: PCR tests for @entity9857 , @entity9502 , and @entity13333 reacted with RNA in blood from healthy subjects and were considered unsuitable for @entity1 monitoring. The tests were most frequently positive in the first 3 months after surgery. There were 47 recurrences in 123 @entity1 who had been followed up for 18 months. Assays within 3 months of surgery predicted recurrence from @entity320 in 66% of the latter (tests for @entity11442 alone detected 51% and @entity3059 alone 21% of the @entity1 ). Hence, 34% of recurrences were not predicted by tests in the early postoperative period. This did not appear to be because of marker-negative @entity320 because summation of tests over the first year identified 89% of those with recurrent disease. CONCLUSION: Positive tests were recorded in 35% of @entity1 who remained disease free, but it is too early to assess whether these represent false-positive results. The false-negative results raise the question of whether the assays will provide a reliable basis for selection of @entity1 for adjuvant therapy.

title: Polymerase chain reaction detection of @entity320 cells in the circulation: relation to clinical stage, surgical treatment, and recurrence from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The process of lymphocyte differentiation involves structural alterations of specific genes including those for the immunoglobulin (Ig) and T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 ) antigen genes. This process occurs very early in the differentiation of B- and T-lymphocytes and involves an ordered program for splicing and rearranging segments of these genes, depending on cell lineage and level of differentiation. Specific DNA cutting and splicing enzymes result in the removal of a number of constant, joining, and variable segments of the Ig and @entity6057 genes. Rearrangement of the VDJ and C segments occurs randomly during the process of B- and T-cell development; hence, the resultant gene rearrangement varies from cell to cell. This results in a unique rearrangement of these genes that encode for a specific Ig or @entity6057 protein. A clonal population of lymphocytes, however, will have a specific molecular structure of rearrangements. Identification of this clonal population is central to the diagnosis of @entity706 and @entity2214 , because virtually all forms of @entity706 contain rearrangements of one or more antigen receptor genes. Furthermore, as a clonal expansion, an individual @entity5 will contain the identical rearranged gene throughout the population, serving as a unique clonal marker (1). However, it is important to be aware that lymphocyte clonality is not equivalent to @entity5 (2). Benign and reactive conditions may show monoclonal rearrangements. Correlation with histology and immunophenotypic studies is important in order to establish a definitive diagnosis of @entity5 . Similarly, the absence of clonal gene rearrangement may be seen in cases that appear malignant by histologic and immunophenotypic criteria. In these instances, it is important to be aware of technical limitations of the assays and sampling errors, which may result in a false-negative result.

title: Methods to detect clonal gene rearrangements in XXXX and leukemias.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemias']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoid malignancies', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphomas']


abstract: 1. @entity1166 ( @entity1166 ) is a potentially fatal @entity1165 associated with increases in QT interval and monophasic action potential duration (MAPD). @entity1166 is a side-effect that has led to withdrawal of several drugs from the market (e.g. @entity9691 and @entity37420 ). 2. The potential of compounds to cause @entity1166 was evaluated by monitoring their effects on MAPD in @entity235 . Four compounds known to increase QT interval and cause @entity1166 were investigated: @entity9691 , @entity37420 , @entity4392 and @entity9690 . On the basis that only free drug in the systemic circulation will elicit a pharmacological response target, free concentrations in plasma were selected to mimic the free drug exposures in @entity1 . Infusion regimens were designed that rapidly achieved and maintained target-free concentrations of these drugs in plasma and data on the relationship between free concentration and changes in MAPD were obtained for these compounds. 3. These data indicate that the free ED50 in plasma for @entity9691 (1.9 nM), @entity37420 (76 nM), @entity4392 (11 nM) and @entity9690 (1.9 nM) closely correlate with the free concentration in @entity1 causing QT effects. For compounds that have shown @entity1166 in the clinic ( @entity9691 , @entity37420 , @entity4392 ) there is little differentiation between the @entity235 ED50 and the efficacious free plasma concentrations in @entity1 (< 10-fold) reflecting their limited safety margins. These data underline the need to maximize the therapeutic ratio with respect to @entity1166 in potential development candidates and the importance of using free drug concentrations in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies.

title: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of the effects of XXXX , @entity4392 , @entity9691 and @entity37420 on monophasic action potential duration in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['Torsades de pointes', 'TDP']

entities_list: @entity37420 :: ('MESH:C010637', 'Chemical') :: ['terodiline']

entities_list: @entity9691 :: ('MESH:D016593', 'Chemical') :: ['terfenadine']

answer: @entity9690 :: (MESH:C063968,Chemical) :: ['E4031']


abstract: @entity6494 ATL is an @entity146 T cells malignancy, with poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance. Preliminary results using @entity9611 ( @entity5647 ) and interferon-alpha (IFN) showed high response rate in ATL @entity1 . We report a prospective phase II trial using @entity5647 /IFN treatment for @entity146 ATL. Nineteen ATL @entity1 (15 acute and @entity706 ) were included in this study. Thirteen @entity1 received @entity5647 /IFN as initial treatment and six @entity1 after initial chemotherapy. For the 17 @entity1 with @entity5 , 13 responses were obtained with nine complete remissions (CR) and four partial remissions (PR). Response rate (RR) was 92% for @entity1 who received @entity5647 /IFN as initial treatment (58% CR and 33% PR). @entity137 was mild, mainly hematological. One @entity1 died of fulminant @entity99 . Fifteen @entity1 relapsed with a median event free survival (EFS) of seven months for the whole population (range 1-50+ months), 10 months for @entity1 who received @entity5647 /IFN as initial therapy and two months for @entity1 who received initial chemotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) was 11 months for the whole population (range 1-82+ months) and 28 months for @entity1 who entered CR. Three acute ATL showed prolonged CR (42, 52+ and 84+ months respectively) on maintenance therapy with @entity5647 /IFN. This study confirms the efficacy and safety of @entity5647 /IFN in ATL with high response and CR rates. Despite impressive prolonged CR of more than three years, most of the @entity1 relapse stressing the need for additional therapy after achieving CR with @entity5647 /IFN.

title: A prospective phase II clinical trial with the use of @entity9611 and interferon-alpha in the acute and @entity706 forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9611 :: ('MESH:D015215', 'Chemical') :: ['zidovudine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['four lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['evaluable tumor']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['viral hepatitis']

answer: @entity6494 :: (MESH:D015459,Disease) :: ['adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for @entity281 ( @entity281 ) in older @entity1 and to test a priori hypotheses regarding particular variables and @entity281 risk. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Duke University Medical Center and seven community hospitals in North Carolina and Virginia. @entity1 : Elderly @entity1 (> or =65) who underwent surgery between 1991 and 2002 at the study hospitals. Cases were elderly @entity1 with @entity281 ; controls were elderly operative @entity1 without @entity281 . Infection control practitioners prospectively identified @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected retrospectively. Case @entity1 who developed @entity281 were compared with control @entity1 who did not develop @entity281 . RESULTS: Five hundred sixty-nine @entity281 cases were identified, and 589 uninfected controls were selected. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of @entity281 included @entity28 (odds ratio (OR)=1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.34-2.32), @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) (OR=1.66, 95% CI=1.17-2.34), and a wound class classified as contaminated or dirty (OR=1.65, 95% CI=1.01-2.72). Having private insurance was associated with lower risk (OR=0.29, 95% CI=0.12-0.68). CONCLUSION: This study identified several independent predictors of @entity281 in older @entity1 , including comorbid conditions ( @entity1030 and @entity28 ), perioperative variables (wound class), and socioeconomic factors (private insurance, which was associated with lower risk). The results from this study can be used to design and implement interventions for @entity281 prevention in high-risk older @entity1 .

title: Risk factors for surgical site infections in older XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to use both generic and disease-specific functional measures examining relationships of clinical, psychologic, and individual factors with the functional status of @entity4048 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 who visited a university-based spine clinic and reported @entity4048 were included in this study. A comprehensive computerized survey questionnaire was used to collect the information related to this study. The questionnaire also contained a generic measure, short form 12-item survey (SF-12), and a disease-specific measure, @entity717 ( @entity717 ). Correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships. RESULTS: A range of clinical, psychologic, and individual factors emerged to be significant predictors of the @entity717 or @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ). The predictors of higher @entity717 included higher levels of @entity4048 , higher levels of back @entity158 , higher levels of @entity158 in arm or shoulder areas, not working, lower education, higher stress, the presence of @entity308 or @entity148 , and smoking. The predictors of lower @entity2483 included not working, higher levels of back @entity158 , higher levels of @entity4048 , lower education, female sex, the presence of @entity65 , the absence of cervical @entity1781 , and older age. CONCLUSIONS: The predictors of the @entity717 or @entity2483 appear to be multidimensional. Interventions designed to maximally improve the functional status of @entity4048 @entity1 should be multifaceted and involve multidisciplinary teams. Selection of the most appropriate functional measures for an intervention study should consider differences between the generic and disease-specific measures in terms of their respective relationships with targeted factors. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationships observed in this study.

title: Relationships of clinical, psychologic, and individual factors with the functional status of @entity4048 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['disk disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['NDI', 'neck disability index']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCS', 'physical component of the SF-12']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A modified version of the Berg Balance Scale (mBBS) was developed for individuals with @entity227 ( @entity227 ). However, the concurrent and predictive validity has not yet been determined. AIM: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the concurrent and predictive validity of the mBBS for individuals with @entity227 . METHOD: Fifty-four individuals with @entity227 and Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I and II participated in this study. The mBBS, the Centre of Gravity (COG), the @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), and the Barthel Index (BI) were assessed during one session in order to determine the concurrent validity. The percentage of explained variance was determined by analyzing the squared multiple correlation between the mBBS and the BI, COG, @entity4464 , GMFCS, and age, gender, level of @entity717 , presence of @entity302 , level of @entity227 , and presence of @entity393 . Furthermore, an overview of the degree of dependence between the mBBS, BI, @entity4464 , and COG was obtained by graphic modelling. Predictive validity of mBBS was determined with respect to the number of falling incidents during 26 weeks and evaluated with Zero-inflated regression models using the explanatory variables of mBBS, BI, COG, @entity4464 , and GMFCS. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that two significant explanatory variables, the GMFCS Level and the BI, and one non-significant variable, the @entity4464 , explained approximately 60% of the mBBS variance. Graphical modelling revealed that BI was the most important explanatory variable for mBBS moreso than COG and @entity4464 . Zero-inflated regression on the frequency of falling incidents demonstrated that the mBBS was not predictive, however, COG and @entity4464 were. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the concurrent validity as well as the predictive validity of mBBS were low for @entity1 with @entity227 .

title: Validity of the modified Berg Balance Scale in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['IVD', 'intellectual and visual disabilities', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['Comfortable Walking Speed', 'CWS']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['intellectual and visual disabilities']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the long-term efficacy and complications of sacral nerve stimulation as an alternative therapy for pelvic @entity409 . Pelvic @entity409 is a complex problem that can be refractory to current treatment modalities. Conservative therapy rarely results in a durable cure of @entity1 , and various surgical procedures have significant side effects and less than optimal results. METHODS: Sixty-four @entity1 , 54 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 , with various forms of voiding dysfunction for whom other forms of therapy had failed underwent placement of the Medtronic Implantable Pulse Generator sacral nerve implant. The mean age was 47 years. The presenting complaint was frequency, urgency, and urge @entity322 in 44 @entity1 and chronic nonobstructive urinary retention requiring self-catheterization in 20 @entity1 . Forty-one @entity1 also had chronic pelvic and perineal @entity158 associated with their voiding symptoms. The mean duration of symptoms was 69 months. All @entity1 underwent percutaneous nerve evaluation before the permanent implant and demonstrated more than 50% improvement in their symptoms. All @entity1 were evaluated at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and yearly thereafter. The assessment of the voiding symptoms was done both subjectively by @entity1 symptoms and objectively using voiding diaries recorded for 3 days. A validated verbal rating @entity158 scale was used to evaluate @entity158 levels. RESULTS: Eighty percent of the @entity1 had 50% or greater improvement in their presenting symptoms and quality of life after the procedure, with a mean follow-up of 24 months. @entity1 with frequency-urgency showed a reduction in the number of voids per day with a significant increase in voided volumes. @entity1 with urge @entity322 showed a reduction in leaking episodes from 6.4 to 2.0/24 hr, with a decrease in the number of pads used from 3.5 to 1.2/day. Sixteen of 20 @entity1 with urinary retention were able to void with a residual volume of less than 100 mL. @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 showed a decrease in the severity of @entity158 from a score of 5.8 to 3.7. Complications were minimal and encountered in 18.7% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sacral nerve stimulation is an effective and durable new @entity3087 with minimal complications. Test stimulation provides a valuable tool for @entity1 selection.

title: Sacral neuromodulation as an effective treatment for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['approach to pelvic floor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['floor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

answer: @entity3087 :: (MESH:D059952,Disease) :: ['refractory pelvic floor dysfunction']


abstract: We treated 20 @entity1 thought to have mediastinal @entity82 secondary to @entity3218 . All but 1 were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were @entity1353 (8), hemoptysis (6), @entity55 (5), and superior vena caval obstruction (2). Nine @entity1 had severe @entity850 of the @entity825 , carina, or main bronchus. Special stains identified @entity3218 in surgical specimens in 9 @entity1 . Surgical procedures were done for 18 of 20 @entity1 (resection of subcarinal mass, 6; right middle and lower lobectomy, 5; carinal pneumonectomy, 4; esophagoplasty, 4; sleeve resection, 3 (with right main bronchus in 1, right lower and middle lobectomy in 1, and carina in 1); right upper lobectomy, 1; middle lobectomy, 1; and bronchoplasty of left main bronchus, 1. There were 4 deaths, 3 after complications of carinal pneumonectomy and 1 in a @entity1 with @entity3885 that could not be dilated. Two @entity1 were treated with @entity2379 and 4 with @entity3102 . Sclerosing mediastinitis secondary to @entity3219 presents tremendous surgical challenges because of the intense @entity82 encountered. Bronchoplastic procedures are possible in spite of the intense @entity82 . High mortality rates after carinal resection may be encountered. The exact role of antifungal therapy is as yet undefined.

title: Clinical manifestation of mediastinal XXXX and @entity3219 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['postobstructive pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchial obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) sac shrinkage after @entity439 repair (EVAR) is considered to be evidence of clinical success. Exclusion of the sac from systemic pressure is the likely cause of shrinkage. We report our continuing clinical experience with the use of a permanently implantable, ultrasound-activated remote pressure transducer to measure intrasac pressure and its correlation with changes in sac diameter over time. METHODS: Over a 22-month period, 21 @entity1 underwent EVAR of an infrarenal @entity1028 with implantation of an ultrasound-activated remote pressure transducer fixed to the outside of the stent-graft and exposed to the excluded aortic sac. Intrasac pressures were measured directly with an intravascular catheter and by the remote sensor at the time of stent-graft deployment. Follow-up sac pressures were measured by remote sensor and compared with systemic arterial pressure at every follow-up visit. Mean follow-up was 11.4 +/- 5.0 months (range, 1 to 26 months). Twenty @entity1 had follow-up of > or =6 months. Mean pressure index (MPI) was calculated as the ratio of mean sac pressure to mean systemic pressure. RESULTS: Pressures could be obtained at all visits in 15 of the 21 @entity1 . Fourteen of these 15 @entity1 had follow-up of at least 6 months. @entity439 sac shrinkage of >5 mm was seen in seven (50%) of these 14 @entity1 . No @entity439 was observed in any @entity1 . The MPI was significantly lower in @entity1 with sac shrinkage at 6 months and at final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity439 repair results in marked reduction of sac pressure in most @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity439 shrinkage after EVAR have significantly lower MPI; however, the absence of sac shrinkage does not imply persistent pressurization of the sac. Further clinical follow-up will delineate the role of long-term sac pressure monitoring in surveillance after EVAR.

title: XXXX sac shrinkage after @entity439 repair: correlation with chronic sac pressure measurement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm']