abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to study the nature of neuro-melanophore junction in the white-spotted @entity49911 Siganus canaliculatus. In vitro experiments using split fin preparation indicated that melanophores of S. canaliculatus are highly responsive to @entity972 ions and adrenergic agonists. @entity972 ions and the adrenergic agonists induced prompt @entity1423 that could be competitively blocked by @entity3160 (alpha-2 specific adrenergic antagonist) and @entity5521 (non-specific alpha adrenergic antagonist). The melanophore responses to repeated @entity972 stimulation (up to 20 stimuli) did not show any sign of fatigue. However, statistically significant enhancement was observed in responses to @entity972 that followed the first five stimulations. Adrenergic agonists acted in a time and concentration-dependent manner and their relative potency had the following rank order: @entity1338 (alpha-2 specific agonist) > @entity1063 (non-specific adrenergic agonist) > @entity2647 (alpha-1 specific agonist) > @entity7202 (alpha-1-specific agonist). @entity3160 exerted a more potent inhibiting effect on @entity1063 induced @entity1423 compared to @entity5521 . @entity20252 (alpha-1 specific antagonist) had no effect on such aggregation. Chemically denervated melanophores displayed @entity56 to alpha-adrenergic agonists but were refractive to @entity972 ion stimulation. The refractivity of denervated melanophores to @entity972 indicates the effect of @entity972 ion is not direct on melanophores but it is rather through depolarization effect of @entity972 on the neuro-melanophore peripheral sympathetic fibers and hence release of @entity1063 . In denervated melanophores, similar to intact melanophores, only @entity5521 and @entity3160 but not @entity20252 , significantly inhibited @entity1423 effect of @entity1063 , indicating that @entity1063 effect is through postsynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors. The present data demonstrate that the nature of melanophore innervation in this teleost is adrenergic and neuro-melanophore signals mediating @entity1423 are transmitted through alpha-2 postsynaptic adrenoceptors.

title: Postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediate XXXX in melanophores of the white-spotted rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus).

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine', 'Yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['melanosome aggregation']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity20252 :: ('CHEBI:8364', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosine', 'prazosine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['melanosome aggregation']


abstract: An atypical case of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) type 2 with @entity6447 , hand @entity400 and bilateral recurrent @entity129 was described. The @entity1 was a 57-year-old @entity1 who complained of @entity1353 , stridor , hoarseness during exercise and snored heavily during sleep since he was 20 years old. These symptoms and signs were slowly progressive. He had difficulty in breathing even at resting state when he was 54 years old and since then, he noticed muscle wasting of his hands and feet. Neurological examinations on admission revealed pes cavus, @entity1635 , distal muscular @entity194 in his four extremities, especially severe in bilateral lower limbs. Deep tendon reflexes were diffusely depressed. The fiberscopic examination demonstrated the limitation of bilateral vocal cord abduction and his tongue was slightly atrophic. Fine postural @entity400 was found in bilateral hands. Mild limb and @entity2055 were also noted. Blood p @entity515 level was elevated to 66% although FEV1.0% and vital capacity were within normal limits. Peripheral nerve conduction velocities were almost normal, though distal terminal latencies were slightly prolonged and amplitudes of evoked potentials were markedly decreased. The sural nerve biopsy studies revealed the chronic @entity528 of both large and small myelinated fibers. From the clinical, electrophysiologic and histopathologic findings, the diagnosis of @entity5108 with bilateral recurrent @entity129 and other atypical neurological findings was made. It is practically important to evaluate the presence or absence of @entity3746 in the @entity1 with @entity1897 from clinical viewpoints.

title: [A case of XXXX ( @entity5108 ) with bilateral recurrent @entity129 ].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['HMSN', 'hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal or neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['truncal ataxias']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy']


abstract: @entity42840 ( @entity42840 ) is a selective protein kinase C inhibitor in clinical trial for @entity5 treatment. In this study, we found that nanomolar concentrations of @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ), a topoisomerase I inhibitor, arrest or delay cell cycle progression during the S and G2 phases in @entity876 mutant @entity1 @entity694 HT29 cells and that @entity42840 abrogates the S-phase arrest or delay induced by @entity1191 . Under these conditions, @entity1191 increased @entity7596 levels and @entity7596 / @entity15308 activity. @entity42840 prevented the increase of @entity7596 / @entity15308 activity induced by @entity1191 and enhanced @entity10610 kinase activity. Replication protein A ( @entity32686 ) was hyperphosphorylated after @entity1191 treatment, and this effect was also abrogated by @entity42840 . @entity42840 potentiated the @entity137 of @entity1191 and reduced by 6-fold the concentration of @entity1191 required to kill 50% of the HT-29 cells, as determined by clonogenic assays. This effect was observed at concentrations of @entity42840 that alone were not cytotoxic and had no detectable effect on cell cycle progression. @entity42840 markedly potentiated the @entity137 of @entity1191 also in HCT116/E6 and MCF-7/ADR cells defective for @entity876 function, whereas significantly less potentiation was observed in @entity876 -wild-type HCT116 and MCF-7 cells. These results suggest the existence of an S-phase checkpoint that delays replication and that may extend the time available for DNA repair. Thus, pharmacological abrogation of @entity1191 -induced S- and G2-phase checkpoints by @entity42840 may provide an effective strategy for enhancing the chemotherapeutic activity of @entity1191 , particularly against @entity876 -defective @entity5 .

title: Abrogation of an S-phase checkpoint and potentiation of @entity9800 @entity137 by XXXX ( @entity42840 ) in @entity1 @entity5 cell lines, possibly influenced by @entity876 function.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase 2']

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity42840 :: ('MESH:C054852', 'Chemical') :: ['7-Hydroxystaurosporine', 'UCN-01']

answer: @entity42840 :: (MESH:C054852,Chemical) :: ['7-hydroxystaurosporine']


abstract: Although progress has been made in the study of cochlear blood flow (CBF) regulation since laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was introduced, cochlear vasomotion has not been investigated. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to determine if oscillatory fluctuations of CBF could be provoked. @entity840 were anesthetized with @entity3175 (5 mg/kg) and @entity3575 (0.32 mg/kg). Blood pressure (BP) was recorded from a carotid artery cannula. The cochlea and pons cerebellum were ventrally exposed; the bilateral CBF and brain blood flow (BBF) or skin blood flow (SBF) were monitored by LDF. After administration of @entity5521 (0.25-0.75 mg/kg, i.v.), ipsilateral CBF in 7 of 16 animals showed a 2-5 min episode of oscillation. During @entity10441 , continuous oscillation of CBF was recorded (the flux motion frequency was 3.5 +/- 0.5 cycles per min and its amplitude 25.8 +/- 5.6% from baseline). The time-dependent flux change (the waveform) was the same throughout a single cochlea but different between cochleae of the same animal. Compared to BBF, CBF vasomotion frequency was lower, and amplitude larger. SBF exhibited no such motion. Flux motion could be eliminated by inhalation of pure @entity26 or 5% @entity515 in @entity26 or by the smooth muscle relaxants, @entity3302 and @entity2514 . @entity5521 -induced vasomotion may be due to a @entity551 perfusion pressure, and hyperventilation-enhanced vasomotion may be caused by changing blood gas concentrations and by hormonal or neuronal activity. @entity26 and @entity515 inhalation slightly increased BP and this change in perfusion pressure was probably associated with weakened vasomotion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Provoked flux motion of cochlear blood flow measured with laser Doppler flowmetry in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity10441 :: ('MESH:D006985', 'Disease') :: ['artificial hyperventilation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: "I think it is a manufactured culture that @entity1 get brainwashed into and then it drags us along." @entity1 beings are different from other animals in that we have highly developed cultures that shape the way we view ourselves, other @entity1 , and the world we live in. Every aspect of our lives is affected by our culture, and it is much easier to observe cultural differences in others than it is to identify our own cultural expectations and norms. We believe that our own culture is normal and natural, when indeed very few @entity1 activities are purely instinctual and/or natural. In that sense, all culture is manufactured, we are all brainwashed, and we are all subject to blind spots in our vision of reality. As midwives we view ourselves as the guardians of normal birth. We believe that our mission is to be with @entity1 as they accomplish the magnificent feat of giving birth. Thus we have the responsibility to try to remove the blind spots from our vision as much as possible. We must attempt to tell the whole truth about birth, the truth that includes transformation, mastery, satisfaction, personal power, and the difference between @entity158 and suffering. At the same time, however, we must respect the choices @entity1 make even when we may not personally agree with those choices. @entity1 who choose @entity158 medication deserve the supportive presence of a midwife just as much as those who opt for a less interventive style of birth experience.

title: XXXX and suffering in childbirth. A look at attitudes, research and history.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women', 'Human', 'people']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram negative anaerobic bacteria, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1548 resulting from infected root canals. @entity6086 [ @entity15383 ] has been shown to be an effective medicament in such infections, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of @entity15383 may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the toxic potential of an @entity526 LPS could be reduced or eliminated by @entity15383 . Four concentrations of @entity526 LPS ranging from 1-1000 ng/ml sterile water were incubated in duplicate either with 25 mg @entity15383 or sterile water alone. Controls consisted of @entity15383 without LPS or sterile water only. Monocytes were collected from peripheral blood by centrifuging through a gradient and plated to a specific density. Adherent monocytes were incubated for 4 days at 37 degrees C with 5% @entity515 in M199 medium with 10% autologous serum. The different LPS solutions were added to the wells on day 5. After 4 h the supernatants were collected and quantitatively assayed for TNF-alpha using a commercial ELISA kit. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA. Results indicated that @entity15383 is able to eliminate the ability of an @entity526 LPS to stimulate TNF-alpha production in peripheral blood monocytes (P < 0.0001).

title: TNF-alpha release in monocytes after exposure to @entity6086 treated XXXX LPS.

entities_list: @entity1548 :: ('MESH:D010483', 'Disease') :: ['periapical disease']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: The relationship between plasma insulin (IRI) and lipid concentration, or @entity412 (TG) kinetics was studied in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 ( @entity3918 ) to examine how @entity1720 is associated with the mechanism of @entity2298 ( @entity2298 ) in @entity6 . Plasma @entity413 and @entity16623 were significantly elevated and IRI reduced in @entity3918 . Plasma glucagon concentration in @entity3918 was similar to controls. The plasma concentration of TG, total @entity165 phospholipid and apoprotein B was 3-4-fold higher in @entity3918 compared to control @entity35 . The @entity2298 in @entity3918 was mainly attributable to an increase in the concentration of TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive relationship between the concentration of non-esterified @entity844 and plasma lipids, but the decrease in IRI best correlated with increased concentrations of lipids and apoprotein B in plasma and TRL. Neither @entity413 nor glucagon correlated significantly with lipids or apoprotein B concentration in plasma or TRL. The rate of entry of TG into blood was similar between @entity3918 and controls, and in @entity3918 this significantly correlated with IRI. Clearance of radiolabeled TRL-TG in @entity3918 was significantly decreased and correlated with IRI. Conversely, the removal of radiolabeled Intralipid-TG was similar for @entity3918 and controls. The data suggest that insulin critically regulates TRL-TG metabolism in @entity3918 and that a @entity9680 is a main reason for the @entity2298 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Correlation of @entity1720 and @entity2298 in XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['HTG', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9680 :: ('MESH:D052456', 'Disease') :: ['catabolic defect of TRL-TG due to insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['insulin deficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: @entity1 empathy is an important component of social cognition that involves complex processes of emotional perspective taking and the issue of self/other distinction. Empathic perception enables us to experience negative emotions when someone else undergoes @entity158 events. We investigated the influence of an extended time interval (10s) and subjective performance evaluation (following each trial) of perspective taking on the cortical and subcortical correlates of @entity158 empathy in eighteen healthy subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects were presented pictures of hands and feet in @entity158 . They were instructed to simply view the picture (View) or adopt either their own perspective (Self) or the perspective of a third- @entity1 (Other). Prolonged time intervals of stimulus presentation enabled the analysis of different perspective taking processes (Self versus Other). Enhanced activation in the left supramarginal gyrus was detected for adopting the Self compared to the Other perspective. Time course analysis showed an early peak in the trials, suggesting that taking the first- @entity1 perspective is an intuitive more automatic process. The comparison between the Other and Self condition evoked stronger activity in dorso- and ventrolateral prefrontal areas and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). For these areas, a peak in the later phase of the trials was found, suggesting that taking the third- @entity1 perspective requires more effort and is an ongoing process. This was also supported by the fact that the @entity1 were subjectively more successful in adopting the Self perspective compared to the Other. Our findings support that especially during the Other condition, prolonged time periods seem to facilitate empathic responses. Individual ratings of performance enabled the comparison between subjects that were successful and unsuccessful at taking the Self or Other perspective. For Self, differential activations were found in the left insula and postcentral gyrus. For Other, differential activations were mainly observed in the left pallidum, bilateral VLPFC, the @entity550 and the middle cingulate cortex (MCC). These results suggest that trial-specific success ratings allow us to disentangle differences between effort-related and successful engagement in perspective taking. These two adjustments to the well-known paradigm showed new insight into the aspects of perspective taking during @entity158 perception.

title: Inter-individual differences in successful perspective taking during XXXX perception mediates emotional responsiveness in self and others: an fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['right middle orbitofrontal cortex OFC']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'painful and non-painful situations']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ) is a rare disorder of diverse etiology. It presents with @entity10 , @entity129 and @entity2055 occurring alone or in combination. Dural biopsy is essential to exclude secondary causes of @entity693 . There is paucity of data on biopsied cases of @entity1906 . We report three biopsy-proven cases of idiopathic @entity1906 . All our @entity1 had @entity10 and @entity129 ; @entity2055 was seen in one @entity1 . One @entity1 had recurrent anterior and @entity129 , while one each had recurrent anterior and @entity129 . Two @entity1 had profound irreversible mono-ocular @entity227 . All of them showed prominent pachymeningeal thickening on imaging. @entity1188 were seen in one @entity1 , which have rarely been documented. All @entity1 showed biopsy evidence of meningeal thickening and nonspecific @entity32 of the dura. The disease may have a remitting and relapsing course, and usually responds to @entity230 . Clinical improvement was excellent in two @entity1 and modest in one on @entity134 therapy. All our @entity1 required @entity500 during the course of therapy. Early institution and long-term maintenance of @entity134 therapy prevents @entity16 . Occurrence of abdominal @entity6437 in a @entity1 of @entity1906 possibly as part of multifocal @entity12787 has not been described earlier.

title: Idiopathic XXXX : Three biopsy-proven cases including one case with abdominal pseudotumor and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies', 'posterior cranial neuropathies', 'multiple cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic sequelae']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis', 'HP', 'Hypertrophic pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity12787 :: ('MESH:C537375', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosclerosis']

answer: @entity1906 :: (MESH:D014390,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is characterized by impaired insulin signalling, elevated plasma @entity413 , and predisposition towards complications involving several organs. A major complication of @entity6 is impairment of wound healing. In the re-epithelialization process during wound healing, @entity4222 of keratinocytes is a crucial step. Our previous report demonstrated that keratinocytes cultured in hyperglycaemic media showed decreased cell mobility. OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to explore the effects of high @entity413 on keratinocyte @entity4222 after different treatment durations. METHODS: Keratinocytes were cultivated for indicated time periods under various concentrations of @entity413 . Relevant assays including Transwell @entity4222 and in vitro wound scratch assays, flow cytometric analysis, @entity3334 ( @entity3334 ) activity assay, determination of mRNA expression and Western blotting were performed. RESULTS: We demonstrated that (i) keratinocyte motility progressively and significantly decreased; (ii) the keratinocyte activation marker @entity10773 was significantly suppressed; (iii) expression of alpha2beta1 integrin and @entity3334 , both crucial for keratinocyte locomotion on collagen type I, was significantly downregulated; and (iv) expression of the phosphorylated @entity6897 significantly decreased after hyperglycaemic treatment. More specifically, different pathways become involved after prolonged duration of high @entity413 cultivation to reduce keratinocyte locomotion further. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that high @entity413 treatment results in progressive suppression of keratinocyte locomotion and elucidated the molecular mechanisms involved. These results provide a reasonable explanation for the poor wound healing seen in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Hyperglycaemic conditions hamper keratinocyte locomotion via sequential inhibition of distinct pathways: new insights on poor wound closure in XXXX with @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3334 :: ('4312', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-1', 'matrix metalloproteinase-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity6897 :: ('6772', 'Gene') :: ['signal transducer and activator of transcription-1']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the cellular mechanisms of action of Yiguanjian (YGJ) decoction in treatment of @entity99 . METHODS: One group of @entity19 was irradiated, and received enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-positive bone marrow transplants followed by 13 wk of @entity31262    injection and 6 wk of oral YGJ administration. A second group of Institute for @entity5 Research @entity19 was treated with 13 wk of @entity31262    injection and 6 wk of oral YGJ administration. Liver function, histological changes in the liver, and @entity19487 content were analyzed. The expression of @entity3113 ( @entity3113 ), @entity11496 , albumin ( @entity14415 ), EGFP, @entity13436 ( @entity36911 ), @entity14160 , a fetoprotein ( @entity7007 ), monocyte chemotaxis protein-1 and CC chemokine receptor 2 were assayed. RESULTS: As @entity99 progressed, EGFP-positive marrow cells migrated into the liver and were mainly distributed along the fibrous septa. They showed a conspicuous coexpression of EGFP with @entity3113 and @entity11496 but no coexpression with @entity14415 . Moreover, the expression of @entity36911 , @entity7007 and @entity14160 was enhanced dynamically and steadily over the course of @entity99 . YGJ abrogated the increases in the number of bone marrow-derived fibrogenic cells in the liver, inhibited expression of both progenitor and mature hepatocyte markers, and reduced fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION: YGJ decoction improves liver @entity82 by inhibiting the migration of bone marrow cells into the liver as well as inhibiting their differentiation and suppressing the proliferation of both progenitors and hepatocytes in the injured liver.

title: Effect of Yiguanjian decoction on cell differentiation and proliferation in XXXX   -treated @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase-2']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic damage', 'liver injury', 'chronic hepatic injury']

answer: @entity31262 :: (CHEBI:3478,Chemical) :: ['CCl']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and functional outcome of surgery for recurrent @entity3577 and compare it with the outcome of @entity1 who underwent primary operation for @entity3577 . METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity3577 were evaluated for age, gender, procedure, anorectal manometry and electromyography findings, and morbidity. The results for @entity1 who underwent surgery for recurrent @entity3577 were compared with a group of @entity1 matched for age, gender, surgeon, and procedure who underwent primary operations for @entity3577 . RESULTS: A total of 115 @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity3577 . Twenty-seven @entity1 , 10 initially operated on at this institution and 17 operated on elsewhere, underwent surgery for recurrent @entity3577 . These 27 @entity1 were compared with 27 @entity1 with primary @entity3577 operated on in our department. In the recurrent @entity3577 group, prior surgery included rectopexy in 7 @entity1 , Delorme's procedure in 7 @entity1 , perineal rectosigmoidectomy in 7 @entity1 , anal encirclement procedure in 4 @entity1 , and resection rectopexy in 2 @entity1 . Operations performed for recurrence were perineal rectosigmoidectomy in 14 @entity1 , resection rectopexy in 8 @entity1 , rectopexy in 2 @entity1 , pelvic floor repair in 2 @entity1 , and Delorme's procedure in 1 @entity1 . There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in preoperative @entity322 score (recurrent @entity3577 , 13.6 +/- 7.8 vs. @entity3577 , 12.7 +/- 7.2; range, 0-20) or manometric or electromyography findings, and there were no significant differences in mortality (0 vs. 3.7 percent), mean hospital stay (5.4 +/- 2.5 vs. 6.9 +/- 2.8 days), anastomotic complications (anastomotic stricture (0 vs. 7.4 percent), @entity834 (3.7 vs. 3.7 percent) and wound @entity281 (3.7 vs. 0 percent), postoperative @entity322 score (2.8 +/- 4.8 vs. 1.5 +/- 2.7), or recurrence rate (14.8 vs. 11.1 percent) between the two groups at a mean follow-up of 23.9 (range, 6-68) and 22 (range, 5-55) months, respectively. The overall success rate for recurrent @entity3577 was 85.2 percent. CONCLUSION: The outcome of surgery for @entity3577 is similar in cases of primary or recurrent prolapse. The same surgical options are valid in both scenarios.

title: Recurrent XXXX : what is the next good option?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['rectal prolapse']

answer: @entity3577 :: (MESH:D056887,Disease) :: ['rectal prolapse']


abstract: PURPOSE: We reviewed the results of direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) penile @entity3832 following @entity2650 surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with less than 1 cm anterior penile @entity3832 located proximal to the meatus underwent direct vision urethrotomy. Based on the type of initial urethroplasty @entity1 were randomly divided into treatment with direct vision urethrotomy vs direct vision urethrotomy plus clean intermittent catheterization for 3 months. Success was defined as @entity1109 and a normal urine flow 2 years following the last @entity1 instrumentation. RESULTS: Of @entity1 with @entity3832 following @entity2650 repair 44% (32) had previously undergone tubularized graft urethroplasty and 56% (40) had previously undergone flap urethroplasty, including a tubularized island flap in 18, an onlay flap in 11 and urethral plate urethroplasty in 11. Direct vision urethrotomy alone was performed in 51% of @entity1 (37), and direct vision urethrotomy and clean intermittent catheterization were performed in 49% (35). Success with the 2 methods was similar, that is 24% (9 of 37 @entity1 ) vs 22% (8 of 35). Following direct vision urethrotomy all @entity1 with tubularized graft urethroplasty showed failure (0 of 32). Success was noted in 11% of @entity1 (2 of 18) with tubularized island flap urethroplasty compared to 72% (8 of 11) with onlay urethroplasty and 63% (7 of 11) with urethral plate urethroplasty (each p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of clean intermittent catheterization to direct vision urethrotomy does not improve the likelihood of success. Direct vision urethrotomy for short (less than 1 cm) urethral stricture usually fails following any type of tubularized graft or flap urethroplasty but it had moderate success following onlay flap and urethral plate urethroplasties.

title: Long-term followup of visual internal urethrotomy for management of short (less than 1 cm) penile XXXX following @entity2650 repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['absent obstructive voiding symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity3832 :: (MESH:D014525,Disease) :: ['urethral strictures']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of the modified Atkins diet given to @entity1 and adolescents with antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment resistant @entity302 . 15 @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 were enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were at least one @entity410 a week and a trial of at least two AEDs without obtaining @entity410 freedom documented in a @entity410 calendar. At baseline subjects initiated a diet with @entity3363 restricted to make up 10 energy percent. If @entity410 were reduced by less than 50% after 7-14 days @entity3363 were further restricted to 10g per day. No change in AED treatment was allowed. The diet was well tolerated. After 3 months six out of the fifteen @entity1 (40%) had a @entity410 reduction of more than 50%, which was seen in different @entity302 and different age groups. The responders reported an increase in quality of life and cognition. At 12 months follow-up 3 (20%) continued the diet with an unchanged marked @entity410 reduction. The present study confirms the high tolerability and effect of the modified Atkins diet on @entity410 control in AED treatment resistant @entity302 . Further larger prospective studies are however needed to confirm these results.

title: Modified Atkins diet to XXXX and adolescents with medical intractable @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The value of PET-CT in radiotherapy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) with regard to determination of target volumes is established. It is less clear whether its use can improve clinical outcomes of irradiated @entity1149 @entity1 compared to conventional staging. The outcome of @entity1149 @entity1 included in a previously published prospective study of the value of PET-CT in curative radiotherapy candidates was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 were treated according to the PET-CT findings. The survival data were compared between 67 @entity1 treated curatively and 22 @entity1 with palliative treatment given after upstaging based on the PET-CT findings. Survival of curatively treated stage III @entity1 was compared with a previously published outcome of 173 stage III @entity1 treated in the same institution with the same radiation schedule but without PET-CT. RESULTS: The 3-year overall survival was 42% and 0% (median: 21 months and 7 months), for curatively and palliatively managed @entity1 , respectively (p     0.0001). However, the median overall survival of 17 months for 50 stage III @entity1 was the same as that in a previously published series of stage III @entity1 treated with the same radiation schedule but without PET-CT. Three-year overall survival rates were 33% for the PET-CT group and 19% for historical group, p = 0.1. Twenty-one local recurrences and 21 distant @entity3 were reported. Three of 50 @entity1 (6%) treated without elective nodal irradiation developed isolated nodal failure (without local recurrence). CONCLUSIONS: The high early mortality rate in the @entity1 disqualified from curative radiotherapy after PET-CT suggests the potential value of PET-CT for improving the radiotherapy outcome. However, this benefit seems to be limited in stage III @entity1 .

title: [Outcome after PET-CT based radiotherapy for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: We compared the effects of long-term treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor @entity4687 and @entity6629 ( @entity918 , @entity2515 , and @entity2514 ) on the metabolic and renal features in the SHR/N-corpulent (cp) @entity35 , a genetic model of @entity2175 and @entity101 . Obese male SHR/N-cp @entity35 (4 to 6 weeks old) were fed a 54% @entity1735 diet containing 18% @entity969 and 36% starch. After 2 months on the diet, @entity35 were assigned to one of three groups: one group (n=8) received perindopril (PE); the second group (n=8) received @entity6629 ( @entity6629 ); and the third group (n=8) did not receive therapy. Treatment was maintained for 3 to 4 months. Body weight, food intake, and fasting levels of serum @entity413 and insulin did not differ among the three groups. Control @entity35 exhibited progressive @entity644 in parallel with the rise in systolic blood pressure (SBP). Both PE and @entity6629 equally lowered SBP to normal levels and reduced @entity644 in treated @entity35 . However, the reduction of @entity644 was greater and more sustained with PE than with @entity6629 (P<.05), whereas the effect of @entity6629 on @entity644 was delayed. Plasma @entity3449 activity was increased in PE and @entity6629 @entity35 compared with control @entity35 (P<.02). Semiquantitative analysis of @entity8 showed that the percentage of glomeruli with mesangial expansion and @entity1463 and the tubulointerstitial score (an index of severity of @entity75 , namely tubular @entity194 , inflammatory cellular infiltrates, and @entity82 ) was reduced in both PE and @entity6629 @entity35 . However, the reduction of @entity631 and @entity75 was greater in PE than in @entity6629 @entity35 (P<.01). The percentage of @entity8 was positively correlated with the severity score of @entity75 (r=.60, P<.01). We conclude that PE is more effective than @entity6629 in halting the progression of @entity644 in the SHR/N-cp @entity35 with @entity2175 and @entity101 . The antiproteinuric effect of PE is associated with significant reduction in @entity631 and @entity75 , independent of the effect of treating @entity101 .

title: XXXX ameliorates glomerular and renal tubulointerstitial injury in the SHR/N-corpulent @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular sclerosis', 'renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['triple therapy', 'TT']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity4687 :: (MESH:D020913,Chemical) :: ['Perindopril']


abstract: The @entity855 -dependent activation of short- and medium-chain @entity1718 to their respective @entity9931 thioester adducts was investigated in the colonic mucosa from @entity1707 . Subcellular fractionation of a homogenate of the mucosa from the entire length of the colon revealed a predominantly mitochondrial localization for activity toward @entity1718 ranging from @entity4919 through laurate. These activities could be released from mitochondria in soluble form by freeze-thaw lysis. Purification of these activities revealed that they all appeared to reside with a single enzyme. This suggests that the entire colon contains a single form of @entity25014 :CoA ligase (MCFA:CoA ligase). The ligase also had activity toward @entity10555 and @entity2697 , although this activity was significantly lower than activity toward @entity25014 . The enzyme had the highest activity at Vmax with @entity4876 as substrate and had the lowest Km for @entity6212 . @entity4876 and @entity6212 were mutually inhibitory. Activity toward both substrates was also efficiently inhibited by @entity55955 . The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be ca. 46,500. These data indicate that the colonic MCFA:CoA ligase is significantly different from the hepatic and kidney MCFA:CoA ligases.

title: Isolation and preliminary characterization of the XXXX :CoA ligase responsible for activation of short- and medium-chain @entity1718 in colonic mucosa from @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity4876 :: ('MESH:D002087', 'Chemical') :: ['Butyrate', 'butyrate']

entities_list: @entity6212 :: ('MESH:C031492', 'Chemical') :: ['octanoate']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity4919 :: ('CHEBI:17272', 'Chemical') :: ['propionate']

entities_list: @entity25014 :: ('CHEBI:59554', 'Chemical') :: ['medium-chain fatty acids', 'medium-chain fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity55955 :: ('CHEBI:27804', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity25014 :: (CHEBI:59554,Chemical) :: ['medium-chain fatty acid']


abstract: 1. The aim was to see whether @entity7154 and @entity3785 had different inhibition profiles for @entity4913 (substrate: @entity11921 ) and @entity4915 ( @entity935 ) activities and on @entity3045 and @entity5491 sulphation rates in the @entity1 adult and mid-gestational foetal livers. 2. The activity (pmolmin(-1) mg(-1) of @entity4913 was 662 +/- 78 (adult) and 246 +/- 159 (foetus; p = 0.003) and that of @entity4915 was 24 +/- 4 (adult) and 121 +/- 90 (foetus; p = 0.030). The rate (pmol @entity1009 ) mg(-1)) of @entity3045 sulphation was 109 +/- 27 (adult) and 117 +/- 34 (foetus; p = (0.144) and that of @entity5491 sulphation was 202 +/- 38 (adult) and 108 +/- 44 (foetus; p = 0.001). 3. With @entity7154 as an inhibitor, the IC50 (microM) for @entity4913 was 0.2 +/- 0.004 (adult) and 0.01 +/- 0.002 (foetus; p = 0.001); for @entity4915 it was 76 +/- 6 (adult) and 77 +/- 13 (foetus; p = 0.889); for the rate of @entity3045 sulphation it was 0.07 +/- 0.005 (adult) and not determinable (foetus) and for @entity5491 sulphation it was 1.6 +/- 0.7 (adult) and 0.15 +/- 0.04 (foetus; p = 0.076). 4. With @entity3785 as an inhibitor, the IC50 (microM) for @entity4913 was 30 +/- 2 (adult) and 25 +/- 1 (foetus; p = 0.011); for @entity4915 it was 690 +/- 36 (adult) and 570 +/- 16 (foetus; p = 0.229); for the rate of @entity3045 sulphation it was 93 +/- 11 (adult) and 344 +/- 42 (foetus; p = 0.010); with @entity5491 as substrate, the IC50 was not determinable. 5. In summary, @entity4913 , @entity4915 and the sulphotransferases towards @entity3045 and @entity5491 had measurable activities in the mid-gestational @entity1 foetal liver. @entity7154 was a more potent inhibitor than @entity3785 of both @entity1 adult and foetal liver @entity4913 and @entity4915 activities. Foetal liver @entity4913 was more susceptible than adult liver @entity4913 to inhibition by @entity7154 and @entity3785 . These results are consistent with the view that sulphotransferases develop early in the @entity1 foetal liver and drugs may inhibit their activities.

title: XXXX adult and foetal liver sulphotransferases: inhibition by @entity7154 and @entity3785 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-salbutamol', '( )-salbutamol']

entities_list: @entity5491 :: ('MESH:D008914', 'Chemical') :: ['minoxidil']

entities_list: @entity7154 :: ('MESH:D008528', 'Chemical') :: ['Mefenamic acid', 'mefenamic acid']

entities_list: @entity11921 :: ('MESH:C024836', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitrophenol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most sporadic @entity14 (sCRC) deaths are caused by metastatic dissemination of the @entity5 . New advances in genetic profiling of sCRC suggest that the @entity5 may contain a cell population with metastatic potential. Here we compare the cytogenetic profile of @entity5 from liver metastatic versus non-metastatic sCRC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We prospectively analyzed the frequency of numerical/structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, and 22 by iFISH in 58 sCRC @entity1 : thirty-one non-metastatic (54%) vs. 27 metastatic (46%) disease. From a total of 18 probes, significant differences emerged only for the 17p11.2 and 22q11.2 chromosomal regions. @entity1 with liver metastatic sCRC showed an increased frequency of del(17p11.2) (10% vs. 67%;p<.001) and del(22q11.2) (0% vs. 22%;p = .02) versusnon-metastatic cases. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) showed that the only clinical and cytogenetic parameters that had an independent adverse impact on @entity1 outcome were the presence of del(17p) with a 17p11.2 breakpoint and del(22q11.2). Based on these two cytogenetic variables, @entity1 were classified into three groups: low- (no adverse features), intermediate- (one adverse feature) and high-risk (two adverse features)- with significantly different @entity1349 rates at 5-years (p<.001): 92%, 53% and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results unravel the potential implication of del(17p11.2) in sCRC @entity1 with liver @entity3 as this cytogenetic alteration appears to be intrinsically related to an increased metastatic potential and a poor outcome, providing additional prognostic information to that associated with other cytogenetic alterations such as del(22q11.2). Additional prospective studies in larger series of @entity1 would be required to confirm the clinical utility of the new prognostic markers identified.

title: Prognostic Impact of del(17p) and del(22q) as assessed by interphase FISH in sporadic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinomas']


abstract: Earlier diagnosis, treatment of exacerbations, and the use of long-term therapies have all improved the lifespan of @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). However, the natural history of @entity1577 remains one of worsening @entity4595 and obstructive airways impairment. The progression of @entity1030 leads to eventual @entity1576 , but some will suffer other @entity1576 that require intervention, including pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, and @entity1576 . Here I discuss the pathophysiology of these complications and the @entity1 -related and treatment-related factors associated with their occurrence. Knowledge of these associations may play great importance in treatment decisions regarding the care of the @entity1 and the respiratory therapist should be aware of the implications. Since disease severity is associated with all 3 conditions, aggressive treatment of the underlying condition is imperative, which includes the performance of airway-clearance therapies. Though some might argue that airway-clearance therapies might aggravate or even precipitate complications such as hemoptysis and pneumothorax, others will defend that there are airway-clearance therapies that might be safely performed. Aerosolized medications such as dornase alfa and @entity2890 have been associated with a lower incidence of massive hemoptysis and are recommended therapies for @entity1 with @entity1442 , yet they are also associated with a higher incidence of pneumothorax, which suggests careful assessment of their potential bronchospastic effect in @entity1 with @entity1442 . The respiratory therapist also plays a key role in the care of the @entity1 with @entity1576 . Here is also discussed the role of ventilatory support and airway-clearance therapies in the @entity1 with advanced stage disease. Now, more than ever, the @entity1 needs caregivers with the knowledge and sensitivity to provide appropriate palliative care.

title: Pulmonary complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced airways disease']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory complications', 'respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airways disease']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis', 'CF airways disease']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: @entity526 serotype O157:H7 is a leading cause of @entity294 and @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ). Because of the limitations of current diagnostic techniques, the prevalence of non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 strains is not known. We describe two @entity1 with @entity1381 in whom no @entity526 O157:H7 was demonstrable in stool cultures. On culture of the urine, the first @entity1 was found to have @entity526 O113:H21 strain, and the second @entity1 had @entity526 O6:H1 serotype. Shiga toxin production (stx2) by the O113:H21 isolate was confirmed. The first @entity1 required 15 days of peritoneal dialysis and subsequently recovered renal function. At last follow-up, serum @entity1011 was 0.9 mg/dL. The second @entity1 had preservation of renal function throughout the acute illness with serum @entity1011 of 0.5 mg/dL. The clinical presentation, bacteriology, course, and outcome as well as epidemiologic implications of the increasing number of @entity1 with @entity526 urinary tract infections associated with @entity1381 are discussed. These cases illustrate the need to investigate @entity1 with nondiarrheal @entity1381 for infection with Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 of the non-O157 strain variety.

title: Two cases of non-O157:H7 @entity526 XXXX caused by urinary tract infection.

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'HUS']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['hemolytic uremic syndrome']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to investigate whether retransplantation with a second xenograft, from the same species as the primary graft, is possible to achieve using only moderate immunosuppression. Heterotopic @entity19 -to- @entity35 cardiac transplantations were performed, and the recipients were treated with @entity5101 ( @entity5252 ) and @entity205 ( @entity870 ) at high doses for days -1 to 4 and at moderate doses for days 5 to 28. From day 29 and onward, the immunosuppressive protocol consisted of daily oral administration of CsA 10 mg/kg as monotherapy. Animals that had beating grafts when @entity5252 treatment was stopped were retransplanted 56-154 days after the primary transplantation, either with a vascularized graft (heart) or with nonvascularized graft (pancreatic islets), under continued therapy with CsA. Six of 10 secondary cardiac xenografts functioned for more than 50 days and were harvested beating after 60-100 days. In contrast, nonimmunosuppressed or @entity5252 -treated @entity35 are known to reject a second cardiac @entity19 graft hyperacutely. The unresponsiveness was confined to cardiac tissue, as the pancreatic islets, transplanted under the kidney capsule, were totally rejected after 14 days. Long-term functioning cardiac xenografts, primary and secondary, had a well-preserved morphology, and infiltrating mononuclear cells were found just in the periphery of the grafts. A majority of these cells were macrophages expressing the ED1, but not the ED2, antigen. No deposition of IgG or complement was seen in any of the graft vessels, whereas a slight deposition of IgM was observed in some vessels of both primary and secondary grafts. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that unresponsiveness can be induced by effective immunosuppression of the recipient at the time of the initial transplantation, so that retransplantation with a second xenograft can be performed successfully under single-drug immunosuppressive therapy with CsA.

title: Successful retransplantation of @entity19 -to- @entity35 cardiac xenografts under immunosuppressive monotherapy with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity302 ( @entity302 ) with multiport laparoscopic (LAP) colectomy in @entity1 with @entity694 to assess oncologic resection and 1-year outcomes. METHODS: We compared @entity1 who underwent @entity302 colectomy for @entity694 with an equal number of case-matched LAP colectomy @entity1 based on age, gender, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, previous abdominal operations, and operation type. Results of oncologic resection included @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) yield and margins. One-year outcomes included @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 . RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 were identified for @entity302 and LAP colectomy groups with no differences in case matching (age, P = .70; gender, P > .99; BMI, P = .74; ASA score, P > .99; previous abdominal operation, P > .99; and operation-type, P > .99). Oncologic resection was similar for both groups. Mean @entity1600 yield was 17 (P = .88). There were no positive margins and 2 (8%) @entity1 had proximal/distal margin of <5 cm in each group. The mean follow-up was 13 and 21 months for the @entity302 and LAP groups, respectively (P < .001), with 2(8%) recurrences in each group, and no port-site recurrences or @entity204 . Disease-free survival at 1 year was 92% for both groups. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity302 colectomy for @entity5 provides equivalent oncologic resection and 1-year outcomes compared with a standard LAP technique. Further studies are required to determine long-term oncologic outcomes, including recurrence and survival rates.

title: Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy for XXXX : assessment of oncologic resection and short-term outcomes in a case-matched comparison with standard laparoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['SIL', 'single-incision laparoscopic']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We have studied the effects of low-dose recombinant @entity1199 preceded by low-dose @entity786 on @entity320 . Thirty eight outpatients aged from 25 to 75 years were treated with @entity1199 , 3.6 million Cetus units/m2 i.v. daily for five days on two successive weeks beginning three days after 350 mg/m2 of intravenous @entity786 . This schedule was repeated at least twice more with a one-week interval between cycles, usually at the same dosage level. Ten of the 38 @entity1 (26.3%) had clinically significant remissions: two complete (5.3%), seven partial (18.4%), and one ongoing, long-term (greater than 18 mo) "minor" response (2.6%). Four others (10.5%) had shorter minor responses and four (10.5%) a mixed response. One @entity1 with disease restricted to the skin had a complete remission, while the other @entity1 with a complete remission had had three lung nodules and an enlarged hilar lymph node. It was gratifying that one of the major sites of disease responding to treatment was the liver. Two complete and two partial remissions (i.e., greater than 50% regressions for greater than four weeks at this site) were obtained in 10 @entity1 with liver involvement. Lung metastases also responded in four of 16 @entity1 (one complete and three partial remissions). Subcutaneous nodules responded in seven of 21 @entity1 (two complete, five partial remissions), while lymph node metastases diminished significantly in four of 14 @entity1 (one complete, three partial remissions). The median duration of response was nine months (range, 1.5-20 months), with four @entity1 treated for more than one year. @entity137 was moderate and controllable, and only two @entity1 required hospitalization, both overnight. Lymphokine activated killer cell activation was induced in 24 of 38 @entity1 , including all nine of the major responders. Conversely, none of 14 @entity1 without lymphokine activated killer cell activation had a significant clinical remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in @entity320 as those involving ex vivo activation of lymphokine activated killer cells, and was more tolerable than therapy with high doses of @entity1199 .

title: Low-dose @entity786 and low-dose XXXX for @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: The spectrum of clinico-electrical characteristics of @entity302 associated with @entity600 was studied in detail. The subjects were 15 @entity1 suffering from @entity2473 and @entity600 demonstrated by MRI. The types of @entity600 causing @entity2473 were various, including @entity6788 , diffuse @entity12199 , @entity10067 , and @entity8568 . @entity17042 was diagnosed in 3 @entity1 , and @entity739 in 8. Symptomatic localization-related @entity302 preceded @entity739 in 4 @entity1 , and a transition from @entity17042 to @entity739 was observed in one. @entity739 was followed by @entity6191 including @entity5761 in 4 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 showed a condition which was labeled " @entity302 with partial @entity410 and @entity2473 " ( @entity21 ) and characterized by the coexistence of partial @entity410 and @entity2473 , and multifocal @entity302 discharges on EEG. Spasms occurred only as @entity21 in 5 @entity1 . @entity21 appeared following @entity17042 or @entity739 in 4 @entity1 , and showed a transition to symptomatic localization-related @entity302 in 4. However, @entity21 did not evolve into @entity6191 , and persisted until the time of last follow-up in 5 @entity1 . Therefore, the clinico-electrical pictures of @entity1 with @entity2473 and @entity600 were diverse and not always limited within those of typical @entity6191 .

title: Clinical spectrum of XXXX associated with @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity5761 :: ('MESH:D065768', 'Disease') :: ['Lennox-Gastaut syndrome']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['cortical malformation']

entities_list: @entity12199 :: ('MESH:D054082', 'Disease') :: ['pachygyria']

entities_list: @entity739 :: ('MESH:D013036', 'Disease') :: ['West syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic spasms']

entities_list: @entity17042 :: ('MESH:C567924', 'Disease') :: ['Ohtahara syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic generalized epilepsy', 'generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['focal cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6788 :: ('MESH:D065705', 'Disease') :: ['hemimegalencephaly']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic spasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity227 have reduced reading performance, which is thought to be related to unstable or eccentric fixation. New microperimeters such as the @entity7454 offer straightforward analysis of fixation stability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between fixation stability and reading speed in a large cohort of @entity1 with diverse causes of @entity227 and to verify the correlation between reading speed and different methods for the quantification of fixation. METHODS: The better eye of one hundred and twenty subjects was assessed. Fixation values were obtained from the @entity7454 microperimeter. Reading speed was evaluated using newspaper text with magnifiers if required. RESULTS: The poorest fixation stability and reading performance was found in @entity1 with age-related @entity1020 while the best fixation was in @entity6391 subjects. A linear relationship was found between reading speed and the proportion of fixations within 2   (r    =  0.51, p  <  0.001) and 4   (r    =  0.36, p  <  0.001). A negative correlation was found between reading speed and all three bivariate contour @entity7085 areas (BCEA; for log transformation of 1-S.D., 2-S.D. and 3-S.D.: r    =  0.39, p  <  0.001). In a multiple regression model, proportion of points falling within 2   and 4   circle was significantly related to reading speed (r    =  0.55, p  <  0.01; r    =  0.43 p  <  0.01); also BCEAs values were strongly related to reading ability only in @entity1 with central @entity1018 (r    =  0.62, p  <  0.01 for LogBCEA 68.2%; r    =  0.61, p  <  0.01 for LogBCEA 95.4% and 99.6%) and peripheral defect (r    =  0.52, p  <  0.01 for LogBCEA 68.2%; r    =  0.50, p  <  0.01 for LogBCEA 95.4%; r    =  0.49, p  <  0.01 for LogBCEA 99.6%) but not in combined defect subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms that in @entity1 with @entity227 the reduced reading performance is correlated with fixation instability. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between reading speed and both the proportion of fixations falling within 2   and 4   and bivariate contour @entity7085 area values.

title: Relationship between fixation stability measured with XXXX and reading performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity7454 :: (10531,Gene) :: ['MP-1']


abstract: Modulatory effects of endothelin (ET) on carotid baroreflex were examined in 27 anesthetized @entity35 with isolated carotid sinus perfusion. The results obtained were as follows: (1) By perfusing with 1 nmol/L @entity1827 , the functional curve of carotid baroreflex (FCCB) was shifted to the left and downward with an increase in its peak slope (PS) from 0.40 +/- 0.02 to 0.51 +/- 0.02 kPa/kPa (P < 0.01), while the reflex decrease of mean arterial pressure (RD) was increased from 5.66 +/- 0.23 to 6.76 +/- 0.22 kPa (P < 0.01). The above results indicated that this dose of @entity1827 facilitated the carotid baroreflex. (2) On the contrary, by perfusing with 10 nmol/L of @entity1827 , FCCB was shifted to the right and upward with a decrease of PS to 0.28 +/- 0.01 kPa/kPa (P < 0.01), while RD was decreased to 4.16 +/- 0.19 kPa (P < 0.01). In response to perfusion with 100 nmol/L @entity1827 , FCCB was further shifted to the right and upward with a marked decrease of PS to 0.19 +/- 0.03 kPa/kPa (P < 0.001), and RD was conspicuously decreased to 3.33 +/- 0.38 kPa (P < 0.001). These results showed that @entity1827 at the doses of 10 or 100 nmol/L exerted an inhibitory action on baroreflex. (3) Selective ETA receptor blocker @entity11344 (0.15 mumol/L) might abolish the effects of @entity1827 (10 nmol/L) on baroreflex. (4) Preperfusing with KATP channel antagonist @entity5217 (10 mumol/L) could also eliminated the effects of @entity1827 . Taken together, it is suggested that @entity1827 exerts a dual effects on baroreflex, being facilitatory at lower dose and inhibitory at higher dose. The latter effect is mediated by ETA receptor, in which KATP channels may be involved.

title: [Modulatory effects of endothelin on carotid baroreflex in anesthetized XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To assess bone turnover both at the biochemical and organ level in @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and the effects of the @entity12721 . RECENT FINDINGS: Studies have shown a decreased bone formation and an increased risk of @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity2175 . Changes in bone strength from glycation of collagen and negative @entity460 balance from @entity460 loss in the urine due to hyperglycaemia may also be seen. The @entity12721 affect bone turnover by increasing the formation of adipocytes instead of the bone-forming osteoblasts from the common mesenchymal stem cell. A decreased bone formation with decreased bone density and an increased risk of @entity174 has been observed among users of @entity12721 . Differences exist between @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and @entity2175 with a much higher increase in the risk of @entity173 in @entity1723 than in @entity2175 compared with the general population. The often higher body mass index in @entity2175 than in @entity1723 appears to explain some of the differences in risk of @entity174 . SUMMARY: @entity6 is a hitherto overlooked risk factor for @entity170 and @entity174 . @entity12721 may increase risk of @entity174 and should not be used by @entity1 at risk of @entity174 . More research is needed.

title: Bone metabolism in @entity2175 and role of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiazolidinediones', 'thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity12721 :: (MESH:D045162,Chemical) :: ['thiazolidinediones']


abstract: In May 1998 the Ministry of Health of Colombia started a universal vaccination campaign against @entity327 type b (Hib) for @entity1 under one year of age. The impact of this intervention on the incidence of acute bacterial @entity693 was assessed in 1999, using data from the laboratory-based surveillance system coordinated since 1994 by the Microbiology Group of the Colombian National Institute of Health. The analysis compared the annual number of cases of @entity6932 in @entity1 under one year of age diagnosed through the surveillance system before the vaccine was introduced with the number of cases reported during the first year after the vaccine's introduction. The expected number of cases, given the average annual number of cases diagnosed between June 1994 and June 1998, was compared with the number of cases observed after the vaccination program was introduced, from June 1998 through May 1999. To control for the quality of the surveillance system, a similar analysis was done for cases of @entity693 due to @entity328 . The analysis was restricted to those departments of Colombia that had consistently participated in the surveillance system. For the years 1994 through 1998 the numbers of confirmed cases of @entity6932 were, respectively, 45, 37, 61, 64, and 31. In the period after the vaccine's introduction 31 cases were observed, as compared to the 52 expected (P < 0.001). During the same annual periods there were 32, 26, 43, 48, and 42 confirmed cases of @entity693 from @entity2260 in @entity1 less than 5 years old, showing no significant reduction in the expected number of those cases. The 40% decrease noted in @entity6932 cases was not attributable to changes in the surveillance system and was due mainly to the effects of the vaccination program.

title: [Rapid assessment of the impact of XXXX vaccine serotype b in Colombia. Public Health Laboratories].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hib meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of waist circumference (WC) on heart rate variability in 87 apparently healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability indices were determined at rest and during sympathetic stimulation with mental stress. @entity1 were stratified according to WC >=  or < 88 cm. The mean (   standard deviation) age was 55    5 years. The median time since menopause was 6 (range 1-22) years. Age and time since menopause were similar. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 27.12    4.49 kg/m  . @entity209 was diagnosed in 26 (29.5%) @entity1 . Thirty-eight @entity1 (43.6%) had @entity101 . @entity1 with WC >=  88 cm had higher body mass index, @entity413 and insulin (both fasting and after a 75-g oral @entity413 tolerance test), HOMA, @entity1674 , and free @entity342 index (p < 0.05). The @entity209 was more frequent in @entity1 with WC >=  88 cm (24.13% vs. 5.74%; p < 0.01). At rest, @entity1 with WC >=  88 cm presented lower vagal modulation, expressed by a reduction in the mean of all normal RR intervals (mean RR) (p < 0.01) and root mean square of successive differences of adjacent RR intervals (rMSSD) (p < 0.05) than @entity1 with WC < 88 cm. Mental stress significantly increased sympathetic modulation in both groups, expressed by reduction in high frequency (HF), increase in low frequency (LF) and LF/F ratio, and reduction in mean RR and rMSSD. CONCLUSIONS: Less favorable metabolic profile and lower cardiac vagal modulation with preserved sympathetic responsiveness were found in @entity1 with WC >=  88 cm, suggesting that central adiposity may be associated with @entity1168 variability in apparently healthy, postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Central adiposity and XXXX variability in postmenopause: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['decreased heart rate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['decreased heart rate']


abstract: A single-pot liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ) method has been developed and validated for the determination of muraglitazar, a hydrophobic @entity6 drug, in @entity1 plasma. To 0.050 ml of each plasma sample in a 96-well plate, the internal standard solution in @entity1626 and @entity8336 were added to extract the compound of interest. The plate was vortexed, followed by centrifugation. The organic layer was then directly injected into an LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 system. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically on a Thermohypersil_Keystone, Hypersil @entity3440 column (3 mmx50 mm, 3 microm). The mobile phase contained 85% of @entity7389 and 15% of 90/10 (v/v) @entity1626 /water with 0.3% @entity6146 . Post-column mobile phase of 50/50 (v/v) @entity1626 /water containing 0.1% @entity5189 was added. Detection was by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on a Sciex API 4000. The standard curve, ranged from 1 to 1000 ng/ml, was fitted to a 1/x weighted quadratic regression model. This single-pot LLE approach effectively eliminated time-consuming organic layer transfer, dry-down, and sample reconstitution steps, which are essential for a conventional liquid-liquid extraction procedure. The modified mobile phase was more compatible with the direct injection of the commonly used extraction solvents in LLE. Furthermore, the modified mobile phase improved the retention of muraglitazar, a hydrophobic compound, on the normal phase @entity3440 column. The validation results demonstrated that this method was rugged and suitable for analyzing muraglitazar in @entity1 plasma. In comparison with a revised-phase LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 method, this single-pot LLE, HILIC/ @entity15 / @entity15 method improved the detection sensitivity by more than four-fold based upon the LLOQ signal to noise ratio. This approach may be applied to other hydrophobic compounds with proper modification of the mobile phase compositions.

title: A 96-well single-pot liquid-liquid extraction, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of muraglitazar in XXXX plasma.

entities_list: @entity6146 :: ('MESH:D014269', 'Chemical') :: ['trifluoroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

entities_list: @entity7389 :: ('MESH:C043243', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl t-butyl ether']

entities_list: @entity5189 :: ('MESH:C030544', 'Chemical') :: ['formic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A modest benefit was previously demonstrated for @entity1410 evacuation within 12 hours of @entity1779 onset. Perhaps surgery within 4 hours would further improve outcome. METHODS: Adult @entity1 with spontaneous supratentorial @entity1779 were prospectively enrolled. Craniotomy and clot evacuation were commenced within 4 hours of symptom onset in all cases. Mortality and functional outcome were assessed at 6 months. This group of @entity1 was compared with @entity1 treated within 12 hours of symptom onset using the same surgical and medical protocols. RESULTS: The study was stopped after a planned interim analysis of 11 @entity1 in the 4-hour surgery arm. Median time to surgery was 180 minutes; median @entity1410 volume was 40 mL; median baseline NIH @entity64 Scale score was 19 and Glasgow @entity772 Scale score was 12. Six-month mortality was 36% and median Barthel score was 75 in survivors. Postoperative rebleeding occurred in four @entity1 , three of whom died. A relationship between postoperative rebleeding and mortality was apparent (p = 0.03). Rebleeding occurred in 40% of the @entity1 treated within 4 hours, compared with 12% of the @entity1 treated within 12 hours (p = 0.11). There was a clear correlation between improved outcome and smaller postsurgical @entity1410 volume (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical @entity1410 evacuation within 4 hours of symptom onset is complicated by rebleeding, indicating difficulty with hemostasis. Maximum removal of blood remains a predictor of good outcome.

title: Rebleeding leads to poor outcome in ultra-early craniotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: In cases of progressive, primary palliatively operated @entity43 or of such with unresectable @entity5 (stage III and IV) antineoplastic chemotherapy is preferred. Second-look laparotomy with the aim of radical operation is indicated in cases of established @entity5 remission. In our clinic 37 second-look operations were carried out in the period between 1975 and 1982, in 30 cases (81%) a secondary radical operation was possible. 56.8% of the @entity1 were relaparotomised 2 to 5 months after the first operation, 13.5% after 6 to 9 months and 29.7% not before more than 10 months after the first operation. The average age was 51.4 years. Clinically established @entity5 remission (CR = 14, PR = 17) was proven intraoperatively in 31 @entity1 (83.8%). In 6 cases of them (16.2%) there existed no more @entity5 from a histological viewpoint, and in three cases (8.1%) @entity5 structures could be proven only by means of a microscope. Prior to this all @entity1 had undergone a combined chemotherapy by CPM, @entity1500 , @entity1487 and VBL, 8 @entity1 (21.6%) underwent an additional loco-regional chemotherapy by @entity1487 and @entity1500 . The 5-years survival rate amounts to 50.2%. After remission the average survival amounts to 39.8 months, otherwise it is only 14 months. This is significantly prolonged in cases of secondary operations after more than 10 months.

title: [The second-look operation in advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: Resting @entity19 B cells activated with bacterial @entity558 co-express membrane (m) @entity9686 and mIgE upon stimulation with @entity58 . In this report, we combine both cellular and molecular approaches to elucidate the mechanism underlying this co-expression. We demonstrate that an anti- @entity9686 antibody specifically and selectively inhibits IgE secretion (approximately 70%) by @entity558 + @entity58 -stimulated B cells, which provides functional evidence for @entity9686 expression by precursors of IgE-secreting cells. The @entity9686 and IgE secretory responses are separated temporally by approximately 16 h, with IgE production developing later than @entity9686 . A similar delay is observed in the appearance of mIgE+ cells suggesting that class switching to @entity9686 precedes that to IgE. In the sort-purified, @entity9686 +mIgE+ B cell population approximately 25% of cells expressed cytoplasmic (c) (secretory) @entity9686 and approximately 15% expressed cIgE at the time of their isolation. However, only a small percent of the @entity9686 +mIgE+ cells co-expressed cIgG1 and cIgE, further suggesting a temporal separation in @entity9686 and IgE secretion within individual cells, but indicating that single cells can co-secrete these two Ig isotypes. Furthermore, the absolute level and rate of increase of @entity9686 secretion by @entity9686 +mIgE+ cells, upon their isolation and reculture, is lower than that for @entity9686 +mIgE- cells suggesting a loss of CH gamma 1 expression in the former population. Analysis of total, unselected circular DNA excision products in @entity558 + @entity58 -activated B cells demonstrates that most, if not all, of the DNA encoding the @entity9686 constant heavy gene (CH gamma 1) (i.e., products of a class switch to IgE) have been rearranged. Collectively this data provides strong evidence at both the cellular and molecular level that the predominant mode of switching to IgE in response to in vitro stimulation by @entity558 + @entity58 is from IgM to @entity9686 to IgE.

title: @entity58 induction of IgE class switching by lipopolysaccharide-activated XXXX B cells occurs predominantly through sequential switching.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endocrine therapy is the most important treatment option for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . The potential mechanisms for endocrine resistance involve @entity172 receptor (ER)-coregulatory proteins and cross-talk between ER and other growth factor-signaling networks. However, the factors and pathways responsible for endocrine resistance are still poorly identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity1722 , @entity876 , and Ki67 was examined by immunohistochemistry in primary @entity0 specimens from 73 metastatic @entity0 @entity1 who received first-line treatment with endocrine therapy on relapse, and analysed to determine whether expression of these molecular markers affected the response to endocrine therapy. RESULTS: Of the 73 invasive @entity513 , 12.3%, 21.9%, and 35.6% were positive for @entity1722 overexpression, @entity876 protein accumulation, and Ki67 expression, respectively. All @entity1 received endocrine therapy as first-line treatment for metastatic @entity0 ; 34 @entity1 (46.6%) responded. @entity1 with primary @entity0 that had @entity876 protein accumulation and Ki67 expression showed significantly more resistance to endocrine therapy (P = 0.0049 and P = 0.024, respectively). There were also tendencies for @entity1722 overexpression to correlate with resistance to endocrine therapy, but this did not reach significance. @entity876 protein accumulation and @entity1722 overexpression significantly reduced post-relapse survival (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and these factors were also statistically significant in a multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that @entity876 protein accumulation is helpful in selecting @entity1 who may benefit from endocrine therapy and is a prognostic marker in hormone receptor-positive metastatic @entity0 .

title: @entity876 protein accumulation predicts resistance to endocrine therapy and decreased post-relapse survival in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) @entity73 co-exist with @entity73 , both contributing to the overall disease symptomology. Despite short-term and working @entity2414 , learning and other non-motoric behavioral deficits arising from the damage to frontostriatal loop being common in @entity2033 @entity1 , most of the experimental work with transgenic animals focuses on motor symptoms. The transgenic @entity35 model (tgHD) recapitulates many hallmark @entity2033 -like symptoms, such as @entity37952 aggregates, cellular loss and dysfunction, and motor, and some @entity73 . In the current study we tested tgHD @entity35 in two different cognitive, water maze competition paradigms to learn more about the impact of the transgene on learning and memory processing using hippocampal- and striatal-based memory systems. The tgHD @entity35 had early and robust @entity73 in @entity4207 in both paradigms. Specifically, the transgenic animals were @entity73 and committed more procedural errors with the strongest phenotype amongst the homozygote tgHD. Although the transgenic animals were capable of using both procedural and declarative memory, their response patterns were distinct from wild-type animals. Wide spread @entity37952 aggregates were observed at 13 months, but neither PET nor autoradiography indicated @entity528 or dysfunction in striatal @entity935 receptor population. In summary, the homozygote tgHD showed a robust learning and @entity2414 prior to any @entity51 , or striatal dysfunction. However, the data were not conclusive regarding how the memory systems were compromised and the precise nature and underlying mechanism of the @entity73 in the tgHD model requires further investigation.

title: Early deficits in declarative and procedural memory dependent behavioral function in a transgenic XXXX model of @entity2033 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits', 'cognitive deficit', 'motor impairments', 'impaired in task acquisition']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['clear motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning and memory function']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairments', 'memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal loss']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Sorption of @entity17072 to sediments and soils can occur by both reversible physical processes and irreversible chemical processes. To elucidate the significance of these sorption pathways, the sorption kinetics of @entity9308 and @entity4605 were studied in resaturated pond sediment. @entity9308 and @entity4605 behaved quite differently in the sediment-water systems. The sorption kinetics of @entity4605 were quite fast, reaching equilibrium within 1-2 h. In contrast, the sorption kinetics of @entity9308 were characterized by a rapid initial loss of @entity9308 from the aqueous phase followed by a much slower rate of disappearance. The rapid initial sorption of @entity9308 upon respiking after an equilibration period of 200 h, and results of sorption kinetic studies as a function of substrate concentration, demonstrated that sorptive sites were not being saturated at the nominal concentration of @entity9308 . Sequential extraction of a sediment treated with @entity3209 -labeled @entity4605 and @entity9308 suggested that @entity4605 was bound primarily through a reversible cation-exchange process, whereas @entity9308 sorbed through both cation-exchange and covalent binding processes. At longer reaction periods sorption became increasingly dominated by covalent binding. The reaction kinetics for the slow, irreversible sorption of @entity9308 appeared to be limited by the reactivity and/or availability of covalent binding sites. The initial rate and extent of @entity9308 sorption was pH dependent (sorption increased with decreasing pH). At pH values above the pKa of @entity9308 , sorption kinetics for the slower, irreversible loss of @entity9308 were independent of pH.

title: Sediment-associated reactions of XXXX . 1. Elucidation of sorption mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity9308 :: ('MESH:C023650', 'Chemical') :: ['aniline', 'Aniline']

entities_list: @entity4605 :: ('MESH:C023666', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridine']

answer: @entity17072 :: (CHEBI:33860,Chemical) :: ['aromatic amines']


abstract: @entity3 and invasion are key steps in the systemic spread of @entity5 cells. To identify the genes involved in this process we recently selected highly invasive and weakly invasive cell clones from a @entity320 cell line. Both cell clones showed a stable phenotype over more than 40 passages and previous analyses revealed a fivefold difference in their invasive potential in vitro and in tumorigenesis in vivo. To compare gene expression of the two cell clones a cDNA array system (Clontech @entity1 @entity5 cDNA array) was used. Exact quantification of differentially expressed genes in each cell clone was performed by real-time RT-PCR. An evaluation of the array data revealed a total of 36 genes that were more than 1.5-fold differentially expressed, and 26 (72%) of these showed a differential expression pattern by quantitative RT-PCR. Previously known differences in expression patterns, including loss of @entity986 and HLA I, or equal expression of @entity9486 , and @entity4879 , beta and gamma were confirmed by the array data. In addition, reduced expression levels of several cytoskeletal proteins, such as @entity2277 , gamma-actin, @entity2283 and cytokeratins, in the highly invasive cell clone were reproducibly identified. Other genes strongly upregulated in the highly invasive cell clone included @entity13060 , @entity6897 , @entity3479 and @entity517 , whereas @entity994 ( @entity994 ), @entity15097 and @entity26428 were found to be downregulated. In conclusion, comparative hybridization of cDNA arrays identified a series of novel invasion-associated changes in gene expression and confirmed previously known expression patterns.

title: Isolation of invasion-associated cDNAs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26428 :: ('MESH:D039961', 'Chemical') :: ['semaphorin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The @entity6739 @entity6739 [corrected] temperature sensitivity cut8-563 mutation causes chromosome overcondensation and short spindle formation in the absence of sister chromatid separation. The cut8-563 mutation allows cytokinesis before the completion of anaphase, thus producing cells with a cut phenotype. The cut8+ gene product may be required for normal progression of anaphase. Diploidization occurs at the restrictive temperature, and 60 to 70% of the cells surviving after two generations are diploid. These phenotypes are reminiscent of those of budding @entity375 ( @entity375 ) @entity52171 and @entity52172 ( @entity52172 ) mutations. The cut8+ gene, isolated by complementation of the mutant, predicts a 262-amino-acid protein; the @entity1472 and @entity1473 domains are hydrophilic, while the central domain contains several hydrophobic stretches. It has a weak overall similarity to the budding @entity375 @entity52173 gene product. @entity52173 is an essential gene whose mutations result in delay in mitotic progression and chromosome instability. Anti-cut8 antibodies detect a 33-kDa polypeptide. Two multicopy suppressor genes for cut8-563 are identified. They are the cut1+ gene essential for nuclear division, and a new gene (designated cek1+) which encodes a novel protein kinase. The cek1+ gene product is unusually large (1,309 @entity1522 ) and has a 112- @entity535 additional sequence in the kinase domain. The cek1+ gene is not an essential gene. Protein phosphorylation by cek1 may facilitate the progression of anaphase through direct or indirect interaction with the cut8 protein.

title: Identification of cut8+ and cek1+, a novel protein kinase gene, which complement a XXXX mutation that blocks anaphase.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['Schizosaccharomyces pombe', 'fission yeast']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity6739 :: (4896,Species) :: ['fission yeast']


abstract: An 86-year-old female @entity1 was transported to our hospital because of progressive @entity1353 . Computed tomography revealed a 7-cm-diameter low-density mass located in the upper mediastinum behind the @entity825 . The mass compressed the @entity825 and caused severe @entity6184 . We diagnosed the @entity5 as a paratracheal type of @entity5619 . The @entity1 was immediately intubated, and a semiemergent operation was performed. Because of her advanced age, minimally invasive surgery was considered. The cyst was partially resected for fenestration. Just after the operation, the @entity1 was extubated and became asymptomatic. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity1 was discharged from the hospital on the 14th postoperative day. The @entity5 was histologically diagnosed as a @entity5619 . Six months after the operation, she was still asymptomatic.

title: [Mediastinal XXXX causing severe @entity6184 ].

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic cyst']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity5619 :: (MESH:D001994,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic cyst']


abstract: We reported four @entity1 with @entity121 in the same family. @entity425 and @entity194 started in the lower extremities, especially in the @entity291 muscle, and it extended to the upper extremities and pelvic muscles to a variable extent. Facial and bulbar muscles were slightly involved in one case. The anterior tibial muscle tended to be better preserved than the @entity291 muscle. @entity299 were absent in any case. Serum @entity908 kinase activity was normal or mildly elevated. Skeletal muscle biopsies revealed @entity121 process presenting rimmed vacuoles, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions and/or subsarcolemmal mass. Ultrastructurally, cytoplasmic inclusions were composed of electron dense granular material and intermediate-sized filaments. There were membranous whorls and myelin-like figures which were the characteristic findings of rimmed vacuoles. Immunohistochemistry revealed accumulation of @entity2283 , @entity4714 and @entity2277 in the cytoplasm of degenerating muscle fibers and in the inclusion. In present @entity1 , cardiac function was normal and the tibialis anterior muscle was relatively spared. These features were different from the autosomal dominant @entity13312 with @entity2283 storage described in previous reports.

title: [ XXXX with rimmed vacuoles and cytoplasmic inclusions: report of a family].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic', 'distal myopathy']

entities_list: @entity13312 :: ('MESH:C536522', 'Disease') :: ['rimmed-vacuolar myopathy']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac abnormalities']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['Autosomal dominant distal myopathy']


abstract: @entity22542 (RDX) has been widely used as an explosive in munition formulations, resulting in contamination of wildlife habitat on military installations. To estimate health effects for reptilian species, acute, subacute, and subchronic @entity137 studies were conducted using the @entity17442 ( @entity17442 ). Estimated oral median lethal doses were 72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 49-106) mg/kg body weight (slope, 3.754) for males and 88 (95% CI, 65-119) mg/kg (slope, 4.525) for females. @entity137 from RDX suggested the neurological system as the critical target tissue. A 14-d subacute study followed with males dosed orally with RDX ( @entity4336 oil) at 0, 10, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg/d. Signs of @entity137 frequently included a characteristic body posture. A significant dose-survival relationship was seen over the range of doses, with a significant decrease in survival at 20 mg/kg/d. Males in the 60-d subchronic study were dosed at 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 8, and 11 mg/kg/d, and signs of @entity137 included lethargy, @entity3085 , and @entity448 . Survival was decreased at 8 and 11 mg/kg/d. Reduced growth rate and food consumption occurred at 5 mg/kg/d. Brain tissue was assayed for RDX when @entity410 were observed at a residue concentration of at least 18 microg/g. No abnormalities were observed in the hematologic indices, whereas plasma proteins were reduced. @entity99 and decreased testes mass occurred at 8 and 11 mg/kg/d. Plasma @entity251 concentrations, sperm counts, and motility measures were variable for all treatment levels. Based on survival, growth rate, food intake, and testes to brain weight ratios, these data suggest a lowest-observed-adverse effect level of 5 mg/kg/d and a no-observed-adverse effect level of 2.5 mg/kg/d.

title: Toxic effects of oral XXXX in the @entity17442 ( @entity17442 ).

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity22542 :: ('MESH:C009160', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'oral toxicity']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity17442 :: ('8519', 'Species') :: ['Sceloporus occidentalis', 'Western fence lizard']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatic enlargement']

answer: @entity22542 :: (MESH:C009160,Chemical) :: ['hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine']