abstract: Coronary flow reserve (CFR) evaluated immediately after reperfusion is thought to reflect the degree of @entity130 and predict left ventricular (LV) functional recovery after @entity583 . It was hypothesized that CFR immediately after reperfusion would be predictive of the occurrence of long-term adverse @entity299 . Using a Doppler guidewire, CFR was evaluated immediately after primary coronary angioplasty in 118 consecutive @entity1 with first anterior acute @entity583 . Adverse @entity299 combining @entity204 , recurrent @entity583 , and @entity712 were recorded during an average follow-up period of 62 +/- 32 months. Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis, CFR </=1.3 was the best predictor of future @entity299 (sensitivity 86%, specificity 70%). Accordingly, @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: those with CFR </=1.3 (n = 50) and those with CFR >1.3 (n = 68). @entity1 with CFR </=1.3 had significantly higher peak @entity908 kinase concentrations, lower LV ejection fractions, and higher LV volumes compared with @entity1 with CFR >1.3. CFR was significantly correlated with the LV ejection fraction at 4 weeks (r = 0.50, p <0.0001) and LV end-diastolic volume at 4 weeks (r = -0.43, p <0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a higher incidence of adverse @entity299 in @entity1 with CFR </=1.3 (p <0.0001). In conclusion, CFR evaluated immediately after primary coronary angioplasty is a strong predictor of long-term adverse @entity299 after reperfused @entity583 .

title: Usefulness of coronary flow reserve immediately after primary coronary angioplasty for @entity583 in predicting long-term adverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: Mucopolysaccharidoses are heritable @entity2315 caused by deficiencies in acid hydrolases involved in the sequential degradation of complex glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In many mucopolysaccharidoses, GAGs accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells of the eye resulting in pronounced lysosomal distension. It is not clear how the progressive accumulation of GAGs affects retinal function. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is a relatively effective therapy for many @entity2315 and can result in a @entity353 in lysosomal distention in the RPE. Although effective at reducing lysosomal storage, it is not clear how effective syngeneic BMT is at treating @entity989 . Here we show that there is a progressive decrease in the amplitudes of both the dark-adapted (rod-cone) and light-adapted (cone-dominated) flash electroretinograms (ERG) between 8 and 20 weeks of age in a @entity19 model of @entity18644 ( @entity18644 ). By 20 weeks, the average dark-adapted b-wave amplitude was 118 microV in @entity18644 @entity19 as compared to 469 microV in normal @entity19 of the same strain. @entity18644 @entity19 receiving syngeneic BMT at 4 weeks of age have reduced lysosomal storage in retinal pigment epithelial cells and normal ERG amplitudes at 20 weeks of age. Retinal function is impaired in untreated 8 week old @entity18644 @entity19 . Following BMT at 8 weeks, rod-cone- and cone-dominated responses recovered to within the normal range by 20 weeks of age. These data demonstrate the temporal pattern of @entity989 in the @entity18644 @entity19 and indicate that BMT can reduce the lysosomal storage and improve retinal function.

title: Retinal function is improved in a XXXX model of a @entity2315 following bone marrow transplantation.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage diseases']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['dramatic reduction']

entities_list: @entity18644 :: ('MESH:D016538', 'Disease') :: ['mucopolysaccharidosis type VII', 'MPS VII']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: During a virus survey carried out in the period 1989-90 with 148 fecal samples collected from @entity468 in Japan, three reovirus strains were isolated in feline cell cultures. Two strains (Nos. 114 and 140) were from 48 diarrheal fecal samples and another strain (No. 32/41) was from 100 normal fecal samples. The strains grew in feline and simian cell cultures with producing typical intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in which virus particles were densely packed. All strains, especially Nos. 32/41 and 140 strains, showed trypsin-dependent growth in vitro. Their ultrastructural and genomic properties were characteristic of genus reovirus in the Reoviridae. All strains agglutinated erythrocytes of @entity1 type O but not of @entity291 . Although they were identified as serotype 2 by hemagglutination-inhibition test with the hyperimmune sera against @entity1 reovirus prototype strains, No. 114 strain was typical and the other two strains were atypical serotype 2 reoviruses. Furthermore, from the reason that Nos. 32/41 and 140 strains possessed some common properties though derived from @entity468 in distant locations, they were considered to be reoviruses having been maintained in the cat population. Seroepizootiologic survey revealed that the prevalence of serotype 3 infection was most widespread and serotype 2 was least among three serotypes of reovirus in a cat population.

title: Serotype 2 reoviruses from the feces of XXXX with and without diarrhea.

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety and efficacy of emergency transradial primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation @entity583 . DESIGN: Single-centre observational study with prospective data collection. SETTING: A regional cardiac centre, United Kingdom. @entity1 : 1051 consecutive @entity1 admitted with ST-elevation @entity583 , without @entity1455 , between November 2004 and October 2008. INTERVENTIONS: Percutaneous coronary interventions by radial and femoral access MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measures were procedural success, @entity455 and failed initial access strategy. Secondary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, needle-to-balloon times, contrast volume used, radiation dose absorbed and time to discharge. Multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for potential differences between the groups. RESULTS: 571 @entity1 underwent radial access and 480 femoral. A variable preference for radial access was observed among the lead operators (between 21% and 90%). Procedural success was similar between the radial and femoral groups, but major @entity455 were more frequent at the site of femoral access (0% radial versus 1.9% femoral, p = 0.001). Failure of the initial access strategy was more frequent in the radial group (7.7% versus 0.6%, p<0.001). Adjustment for other procedural and clinical predictors did not alter these findings. Needle-to-balloon time, as a measure of procedural efficiency, was equal for radial and femoral groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of acute ST-elevation @entity583 without @entity1455 , transradial primary angioplasty is safe, with comparable outcomes to a femoral approach and a lower risk of @entity455 .

title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute ST-segment elevation XXXX : changing patterns of vascular access, radial versus femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications', 'major vascular complication']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1252 is characterized by production of numerous autoantibodies as an abnormal immune response. The most important antibodies are those aimed at constitutive elements of cell nucleus. METHODS: After antigen typing of antinuclear antibodies in 30 @entity1 with @entity1252 we analyzed the correlation between anti-Sm antibodies and anti- @entity8107 antibodies and the degree of disease activity, such as correlation of these two antibodies with some clinical manifestations of this disease. This study included @entity1 who fulfilled all revised American @entity627 Association criteria to diagnose @entity1252 . To determine the degree of disease activity we used @entity1252 Disease Activity Index after Bombardier. To detect antinuclear antibodies technique of indirect immunofluorescence and ELISA procedure for antigen typing of these antibodies were used. RESULTS: We registered antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in 100% of our @entity1 , with domination of homogenous pattern of immunofluorescence (70%). Speakled pattern was registered in 16.66% and margin type in 6.66%. Using ELISA procedure of antigen typing of ANA we registered anti- @entity8107 antibodies in 26.7% patients, while anti-Sm antibodies were registered in 20%. CONCLUSION: Anti- @entity8107 antibodies finding is associated with mild forms of disease and rare appearance of @entity1988 , while anti-Sm antibodies finding is characteristic for very active forms of disease and often @entity1988 .

title: [Anti- @entity8107 antibodies and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus', 'Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the @entity427 response in @entity19 is increasingly used as a paradigm of sensory gating with potential predictive and construct validity towards @entity161 . OBJECTIVES: Establishment of a @entity19 PPI paradigm in which typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs directly improve a low performance PPI. METHODS: Three strains of @entity19 --C57Bl/6J, 129S6/SvEvTac and @entity7840 /2J--were tested in a @entity427 paradigm with three prepulse intensities, 2, 4 and 8 dB above background. RESULTS: Under these conditions, @entity1090 (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) and @entity1088 (0, 1, 3 and 9 mg/kg i.p.) improved PPI in all three strains, with order of effect in @entity7840 /2J > 129S6SvEvTac > C57Bl/6J. The @entity7840 /2J strain showed larger PPI-enhancing effects, without disturbing the basal @entity427 response. Two @entity15683 agonists, @entity18686 (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) and @entity55259 (1-10 mg/kg i.p.) were inactive in the PPI procedure in @entity7840 /2J @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7840 /2J @entity19 were very sensitive to the antipsychotic-like effects of atypical ( @entity1088 ) and typical ( @entity1090 ) antipsychotics, and this strain is proposed as a model to directly measure sensory gating properties of drugs. Alpha7 Nicotinergic receptor agonists were ineffective in this PPI paradigm.

title: The @entity7840 /2J strain and prepulse inhibition of XXXX : a model system to test antipsychotics?

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity15683 :: ('11441(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha7 nicotinic receptor']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity427 :: (MESH:D012021,Disease) :: ['startle']


abstract: The lengthening of tracts of CTG, CGG and GAA triplet repeats during progression of a pedigree has been associated with more than 12 @entity1 @entity74 , including @entity2100 , @entity3918 and @entity7960 . These repetitive sequence elements have the potential to form alternative DNA secondary structures that may contribute to their instability. The alternative DNA secondary structures may mediate errors during DNA replication, repair or recombination of the triplet repeat, leading to expansion. Here we show that DNA composed of pure CTG or CGG repeats exhibits anomalously fast mobility on @entity2975 gels, confirming a previous observation for DNA containing CTG and CGG triplet repeats flanked by mixed sequence DNA. Moreover, we show that even short tracts of duplex CTG repeats have an unusual helix structure. CTG repeats reduce overall curvature associated with phased A-tract or GGCC curves, but alone they do not introduce curvature into DNA. The reduction in curvature of phased A-tracts by CTG repeats is similar to that afforded by an interspersed flexible region associated with a (TT).(TT) mispair. CTG-containing DNAs exhibit a rapid rate of cyclization, consistent with a flexible helix. These results suggest that tracts of (CTG).(CAG) repeats are inherently flexible. In addition, our results suggest that the unusual rapid electrophoretic mobility of CTG or CGG-containing DNA may be a consequence of an extended flexible DNA chain.

title: CTG repeats associated with XXXX @entity74 are inherently flexible.

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic dystrophy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A total of 2,121 growing-finishing @entity1707 (Duroc   Landrace   Large White) were utilized in six experiments conducted to determine the effects of different ratios of standardized ileal digestible @entity376 ( @entity6884 -Lys) to metabolizable energy (ME) on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing @entity1707 . Exps. 1 (30 to 50 kg), 2 (52 to 70 kg) and 3 (81 to 104 kg) were conducted to find an optimum ME level and then this level was used in Exps. 4 (29 to 47 kg), 5 (54 to 76 kg) and 6 (84 to 109 kg) to test the response of @entity1707 to different ratios of @entity6884 -Lys:ME. In Exps.1 to 3, four treatments were used consisting of diets with a formulated ME content of 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 or 3.4 in Exps. 1 and 2 while Exp. 3 used 3.05, 3.15, 3.25 or 3.35 Mcal/kg. A constant @entity6884 -Lys:ME ratio of 2.6, 2.3 or 2.0 g/Mcal was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Weight gain was significantly increased with increasing energy level in Exp.1 while @entity1017 was unaltered in Exps. 2 and 3. For all three experiments, feed intake was decreased (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) with increasing energy level. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing energy level. In Exps. 4 to 6, five treatments were used consisting of diets with a @entity6884 -Lys:ME ratio of 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, 3.0 or 3.2 in Exp. 1, 2.1, 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 2.9 or 3.2 in Exp. 2 and 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.4, or 2.6 in Exp. 3. A constant ME level 3.2, 3.2 and 3.05 Mcal/kg was used in Exps. 1, 2 and 3, respectively (selected based on the results of @entity1017 ). For all three experiments, @entity1017 increased (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency improved linearly (P < 0.05) as the @entity6884 -Lys:ME ratio increased. Tenth rib back fat thickness linearly decreased (P < 0.05) as the @entity6884 -Lys:ME ratio increased. Based on a straight broken-line model, the estimated @entity6884 -Lys:ME ratio to maximize @entity1017 was 3.0, 2.43 and 2.2 for 29 to 47, 54 to76 and 84 to 109 kg of @entity1707 , respectively.

title: Effects of the standardized ileal digestible XXXX to metabolizable energy ratio on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity376 :: (CHEBI:25094,Chemical) :: ['lysine']


abstract: The detection of monoclonal light chains in the urine by the Bence Jones heat test is a useful adjuvant to the diagnosis of @entity1582 and other related diseases. The test is particularly helpful when no serum spike is noted. Overall, it is positive in approximately half of all @entity1 with @entity1582 . In order to assess the accuracy of the test, we reviewed the records of all @entity1 with a positive heat test for Bence Jones @entity644 during a single calendar year. @entity1582 accounted for 68%, but @entity1 with @entity2783 , the @entity4434 , and others also had positive results. One-fifth of the results were false positive in that urine protein electrophoresis showed no spike and immunoelectrophoresis, no monoclonal protein. This group consisted largely of @entity1 with connective tissue diseases, @entity177 , or nonplasmacytic @entity5 . We also have seen @entity1 who had monoclonal light chains in their urine but failed to show positive results to the heat test and were thus considered false negative. Although the heat test for Bence Jones proteins is a useful clinical test, one must be aware of both false-positive and false-negative results. Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of concentrated urine are the methods of choice for detection of a monoclonal light chain in the urine.

title: The clinical significance of Bence Jones XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'Myeloma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['adult Fanconi syndrome']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is a major cause of disability in the pediatric population and can result in abnormal development. Experimental studies conducted in animals have revealed @entity73 following developmental @entity131 , even in the absence of significant anatomical damage. The @entity1024 receptor (NMDAR) is clearly involved in both normal development and in the pathophysiology of @entity131 . Following lateral fluid percussion injury in postnatal day (PND) 19 @entity35 , we tested the hypothesis that @entity131 sustained at an early age would result in impaired NMDAR expression. Using immunoblotting and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), protein and RNA levels of NMDAR subunits were measured in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus on @entity130 ( @entity130 ) 1, 2, 4, and 7 (though the PID7 analysis was only for protein) and compared with age-matched shams. Significant effects of hemisphere (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p<0.01), and interactions between hemisphere and injury (ANOVA, p<0.05) and hemisphere and @entity130 (ANOVA, p<0.05) were found for synaptic protein levels of the @entity4476 subunit in hippocampus. Specifically, within the ipsilateral hippocampus, @entity4476 was reduced by 9.9%, 47.9%, 40.8%, and 6.3% on @entity56996 , PID2, PID4, and PID7, respectively. Within the cortex, there was a significant effect of injury (ANOVA, p<0.05) without any hemispheric differences. These bilateral cortical reductions measured 30.5%, 3.2%, 5.7%, and 13.4% at the same timepoints after injury. Injury had no significant main effect on @entity4474 or @entity4319 protein levels. RT-PCR analysis showed no significant changes in @entity4474 , @entity4476 , or @entity4319 gene expression; however, as a positive control, @entity18273 was induced more than twofold in ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus on @entity56996 . It is known that @entity4476 expression levels increase during normal development, and in response to environmental stimuli. Our data suggest that injury-induced reduction in the expression of @entity4476 is one likely mechanism for the impaired experience-dependent neuroplasticity seen following traumatic injury to the immature brain.

title: XXXX receptor subunit changes after traumatic injury to the developing brain.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired plasticity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury days', 'PID']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Temperature alterations are known to influence the outcome of @entity63 , even when instituted in the postischemic period. Since preischemic @entity4854 aggravates @entity63 @entity75 , the question of whether @entity1602 animals become hyperthermic arose. To explore this possibility, we measured body temperature telemetrically in normoglycemic and @entity1602 @entity35 subjected to 10 minutes of forebrain @entity63 at a body (and brain) temperature of 37 degrees C. METHODS: @entity5161 -anesthetized animals were subjected to 10 minutes of forebrain @entity63 under normoglycemic or @entity1602 conditions. Temperature changes after @entity63 were measured by means of a telemetric temperature coil. RESULTS: In normoglycemic animals, temperature decreased to 35.6 +/- 1.1 degrees C (mean +/- SD) during the first 4 hours of recovery, after which it gradually increased to normal values (38 degrees C). @entity1602 animals behaved differently in that they remained normothermic for approximately 10 hours during recovery and later became hyperthermic, with core temperatures rising above 39 degrees C. The rise in temperature was not due to the osmotic load of the @entity413 administered because infusion of @entity2656 , which gave a comparable increase in plasma osmolality, failed to cause delayed postischemic @entity221 . Excessive @entity2944 during @entity63 in normoglycemic animals, which produces cerebral acidosis of a magnitude similar to that of @entity4854 and is known to aggravate @entity2806 , likewise failed to induce @entity221 . When post- @entity63 @entity410 ensued in @entity1602 subjects, temperature was 39.8 +/- 0.6 degrees C. Animals with @entity410 invariably died. To evaluate the influence of postischemic @entity221 on the outcome, an additional series of experiments was performed in which delayed @entity221 was avoided by gentle cooling (n = 6) or by @entity1443 administration (n = 5). Although these procedures prevented delayed @entity221 , they neither blocked @entity410 induction nor affected the fatal outcome. @entity410 developed when the core temperatures of animals were 37.9 +/- 0.1 degrees C and 37.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C in the cooled and @entity1443 -treated groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that both delayed @entity221 and delayed @entity410 in @entity1602 animals are caused by the aggravated damage incurred by these animals during or immediately after the @entity63 insult.

title: XXXX leads to delayed postischemic @entity221 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Postischemic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemia', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic', 'Hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Preischemic hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is effective in prolonging survival and reducing disability in @entity1 with @entity301 . However, national use patterns and predictors of CR use have not been evaluated thoroughly. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using Medicare claims, we analyzed outpatient (phase II) CR use after hospitalizations for acute @entity583 or coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 267,427 fee-for-service beneficiaries aged > or = 65 years who survived for at least 30 days after hospital discharge. We used multivariable analyses to identify predictors of CR use and to quantify geographic variations in its use. We obtained unadjusted, adjusted-smoothed, and standardized rates of CR use by state. Overall, CR was used in 13.9% of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity583 and 31.0% of @entity1 who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Older individuals, @entity1 , nonwhites, and @entity1 with comorbidities (including congestive @entity712 , previous @entity64 , @entity6 , or @entity5 ) were significantly less likely to receive CR. Coronary artery bypass graft surgery during the index hospitalization, higher median household income, higher level of education, and shorter distance to the nearest CR facility were important predictors of higher CR use. Adjusted CR use varied 9-fold among states, ranging from 6.6% in Idaho to 53.5% in Nebraska. The highest CR use rates were clustered in the north central states of the United States. CONCLUSIONS: CR use is relatively low among Medicare beneficiaries despite convincing evidence of its benefits and recommendations for its use by professional organizations. Use is higher after coronary artery bypass graft surgery than with acute @entity583 not treated with revascularization procedures and varies dramatically by state and region of the United States.

title: Use of cardiac rehabilitation by Medicare beneficiaries after XXXX or coronary bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Morphological changes in the hepatic microvasculature were studied in experimentally induced @entity63 -reperfusion injury in the @entity35 using a vascular casting technique. Partial @entity99 was induced for 90 min followed by 24 hr reperfusion. Microvascular casting was performed after 24 hr reperfusion by either intraarterial or intravenous infusion of acrylic resin (Mercox). After corrosion of the tissue, the cast was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Casts of normal livers showed good patency with no evidence of unfilled areas. The mean diameter of sinusoids was 14 +/- 3 microns with those in zone 1 slightly smaller than those in zone 3. Liver casts from @entity35 subjected to @entity63 and reperfusion resulted in gross disruption of normal architecture. The common characteristics seen in both prograde and retrograde casts were clusters of closed sinusoids around zones 2 and 3 of the liver acini, which resulted in cavities of various sizes. Varicosities were observed in some areas. The mean diameter of sinusoids in areas of patent microvascular structure (10 +/- 2 microns) was significantly smaller compared to those in normal livers (P < 0.001). @entity396 given at 1 min before reperfusion markedly reduced the @entity130 . The hepatic microvascular was generally intact with mild focal unfilled areas. The majority of the sinusoids were of normal size and no clusters of blind ending sinusoids were detected. The present study shows that @entity99 -reperfusion results in extensive @entity130 in the liver. The protective effects of @entity396 against this injury may occur at the vascular level.

title: Microvascular changes in liver after @entity63 -reperfusion injury. Protection with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['Misoprostol', 'misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular injury']

answer: @entity396 :: (MESH:D016595,Chemical) :: ['misoprostol']


abstract: We tested the effectiveness of different intra-articular analgesics and of pre-emptive intra-articular @entity1337 for arthroscopy-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) and for operative knee arthroscopy. Eighty-two @entity1 underwent operative knee arthroscopy under selective subarachnoid anaesthesia (group A), and 60 @entity1 underwent arthroscopy-assisted ACLR under general anaesthesia (group B). @entity1 were randomly assigned to intra-articular analgesic treatment as follows. Group A: 1, @entity1286 2 mg; 2, preoperative @entity1286 2 mg; 3, @entity1286 5 mg; 4, preoperative @entity1286 5 mg; 5, @entity1341 0.25% 20 ml; 6, @entity1341 0.25% 20 ml + @entity1286 2 mg; 7, saline solution 20 ml. Group B: 1, @entity1286 2 mg; 2, @entity1286 5 mg; 3, preoperative @entity1286 5 mg; 4, @entity1341 0.25% 20 ml; 5, @entity1341 0.25% 20 ml + @entity1286 2 mg; 6, saline solution 20 ml. All opioids were diluted in 20 ml of saline solution. After postoperative administration the tourniquet was left in place for 10 min. After preoperative administration the intra-articular surgical procedure was delayed for about 5-10 min. In the postoperative period we recorded: total consumption of @entity7988 given i.v. on demand as rescue analgesic treatment; @entity158 scores before surgery and at 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th and 24th h; occurrence of local anaesthetic or opioid side-effects. Group A (operative knee arthroscopy): all @entity1286 groups (A1, A2, A3, A4) and the @entity1341 group (A5) did not require @entity7988 postoperatively (P < 0.01 vs both groups A6 and A7). @entity158 scores did not differ significantly among groups. The percentage of @entity1 reporting higher @entity158 scores than before surgery was larger in control group A7 and in @entity1341 groups A5, A6 (83%, 40%, 60%, respectively) and lower in @entity1286 groups A1, A2, A3, A4 (25%, 16%, 27%, 23%, respectively). Group B (ACLR): total consumption of @entity7988 was lowest in groups @entity25657 (P < 0.001 vs all other treatments and vs control group). The percentage of @entity1 who did not require any rescue analgesic was 60% in group B3, 50% in group B2, 32% in group B5 and 0% in all other groups. No-side effects occurred in any @entity1 . Intra-articular @entity1337 is safe and effective for arthroscopic knee surgery. @entity1286 provides a @entity158 control both in operative knee arthroscopy @entity1 and in ACLR. A 2 mg dose is adequate for operative knee arthroscopy but not for ACLR, where higher dosages are required (5 mg). Pre-emptive intra-articular @entity1286 provides better @entity1337 than postoperative administration.

title: Pre- and postoperative intra-articular XXXX for arthroscopic surgery of the knee and arthroscopy-assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. A double-blind randomized, prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'better pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Accurate epidemiologic studies of @entity1489 in South Europe are nearly absent. Incidence studies based on treated cases are difficult and may overlook asymptomatic @entity5 . Studying cohorts of populations in order to establish prevalence data are necessary to give realistic impressions of the problem. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A population-based cohort of 1000 @entity1 was examined for @entity1489 . The sample was obtained from @entity1 attending a massive campaign of mammography addressing all @entity1 aged 50-65 years in the area of Sant Boi de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain. Examination included full body areas, except those covered by underwear or hair, and feet. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity1491 were histologically confirmed, resulting in a prevalence of 900 cases in 10(5) (95% CI 601; 1198). Five of them were located on the trunk, in non-exposed sites. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1491 found in our population is one of the highest reported in Europe. A significant proportion of @entity5 are on the trunk, suggesting the existence of a high proportion of undetected cases. Similar studies in 5-10-year intervals could aid detection of changing trends in the prevalence of @entity1489 in our population.

title: XXXX in Catalonia. A community-based prevalence study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['Non-melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity150 is the fourth most common @entity5 in @entity1 and the eighth in @entity1 , being an important public health issue. OBJECTIVE: to assess the outcome of @entity1 with @entity150 treated in an oncologic center. METHODS: Medical files of 155 @entity1 (132M/ 23F) with @entity150 treated between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range: 19-85 years). Disease free survival (DFS) for @entity1 with @entity5 resection receiving adjuvant treatment and progression free survival (PFS) for @entity1 with post-operative residual disease was estimated. RESULTS: Stage disease's distribution was: 50 @entity1 (32.2%) stage II, 47 (30.3%) stage III, 58 (37.4%) stage IV. Radical cystectomy was performed in 56 @entity1 (36.1%), while 99 @entity1 (63.9%) underwent repeated transurethral resection of the @entity150 (TURBT). The postoperative treatment included multimodal therapy in 47 @entity1 (30.3%) (chemotherapy and external beam radiation), external beam radiation alone in 57 @entity1 (36.8%) and chemotherapy alone ( @entity1499 , @entity5713 , @entity632 , and @entity900 -MVAC or @entity136 + @entity902 ) in 51 @entity1 (32.9%). After a median follow-up of 31 months (range: 3-79 months), 51 @entity1 (32.9%) presented local recurrence, 32 @entity1 (21%) distant recurrence ( @entity3 ), 10 @entity1 (6.4%) both local and distant recurrence, and 62 @entity1 (40%) were free of disease. The median duration until progression was of 27 months. DISCUSSION: Despite combined therapy approaches, @entity150 remains @entity146 , with high relapse rate. Earlier diagnosis and an aggressive radical surgery with the intention to cure (cystectomy), and adjuvant multimodal treatment (radiotherapy and chemotherapy) are needed for survival improvement.

title: Outcome of XXXX after combined therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['an aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['complete tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder carcinoma', 'Urinary bladder cancer', 'urinary bladder tumor', 'urinary bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder cancer']


abstract: Causes of @entity235 juvenile @entity1276 have been well documented. However, the effects of @entity1276 on periventricular white matter have been only partially described. The present report shows that @entity1276 -associated lesions of the periventricular white matter, i.e., formation of @entity7261 , clefts, and tears, are prevalent. Marked @entity1276 was identified at necropsy in 20 juvenile @entity235 between 1990 and 1999. The severity grade was based upon a ratio of lateral ventricular dimensions to cortical thickness. All animals exhibited @entity75 consisting of attenuation, with or without abortive attempts of ependymal regeneration, and @entity1066 . In 10 @entity235 (50%), unilateral or bilateral periventricular @entity7261 and cleft formation in the region of the caudate nucleus were observed. The @entity7261 were formed at the caudal pole of the caudate nucleus, communicated with the ventricular lumen, and were associated with ependymal denudation. @entity393 probably contributes to a bulk shift of cerebrospinal fluid from the ventricular lumen to the periventricular white matter, leading to diverticulum formation. Clefts were observed within the parenchyma at the border of the internal capsule and putamen, consistent with an @entity63 insult. Occasionally tearing with separation of the caudate nucleus from the subcortical white matter was found, representing unification of expanding clefts and @entity7261 . In one of the few clinically well-documented cases, tearing was correlated with a sudden decline in neurologic function, culminating in euthanasia. However, tears and clefts may exhibit a chronicity of several days, as indicated by the presence of astroglial scars along the lesion margins.

title: Periventricular changes associated with spontaneous @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ependymal lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['Loss of the ependymal lining']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: In this retrospective multicentre study, we analysed the results of 82 consecutive second early allogeneic transplants for primary (n = 28) or secondary ([n = 54) graft failures performed between 1985 and 1997 in @entity1 with @entity1778 (n = 33), @entity2150 (n = 29) or @entity1860 (n = 20). HLA-matched siblings were used in 64 cases. The same donors were used for both transplants in 56 cases and the first transplant was T-cell depleted in 30 cases. The median age at transplant was 25 years and the median intertransplant time interval was 2 months. Estimates of the 3-year overall survival and day 100 transplant-related mortality were 30% and 53% respectively. A recipient age < 34 years at transplant, an intertransplant time interval > or = 80 d and a positive recipient @entity2803 serology were predictors of a better outcome. The use of @entity205 (CsA) after second transplant had a dramatic impact on outcome, the best results being observed with CsA alone. The day 40 probability of neutrophil recovery was 73%. The use of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) was associated with a higher and faster neutrophil recovery. Other factors associated with neutrophil recovery were an intertransplant time interval > or = 80 d and a positive recipient @entity2803 serology. Therefore, second early allogeneic transplantation for @entity177 is an effective treatment, especially if @entity1 can receive @entity870 for graft-versus-host disease prevention and are retransplanted more than 80 d from first transplant.

title: Second early allogeneic stem cell transplantations for @entity177 in @entity1778 , XXXX and @entity2150 . French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anaemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['graft failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']


abstract: @entity5 cells of an established cell line derived from cancer of the head and neck (maxillary and lingual cancer) were irradiated with @entity11898 (5 or 10 Gy). This treatment inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent way. Cell cycle analysis showed that the ratio of cells in the S phase to the population of viable cells was higher than that in a non-irradiated control group. Thus, the S phase was prolonged by exposure to @entity11898 . Cell proliferation was also inhibited by 1 h of heat treatment at 43 degrees C. However, movement through the cell cycle was slowed down overall and no cell aggregation in any phase of the cell cycle was found. Proliferation of not only radioresistant but also radiosensitive cells was inhibited by this treatment. @entity221 at 43 degrees C for 1 h did not affect cell proliferation, nor did it influence the pattern of cell cycle distribution. However, it caused a decrease in intracellular @entity4664 amount. The combination of irradiation and @entity221 caused a stronger inhibition than either treatment alone. The synergistic effect of the two treatments probably arose from the S-phase cells being heat-labile although radioresistant.

title: Synergistic effect of irradiation and XXXX on established cell lines derived from maxillary carcinoma. Report I.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cultured tumor']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of autoantibodies to the 45 kDa @entity48205 nuclear antigen, a putative oncoprotein, in a sample of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ), and to make correlations with disease subtype and complications such as @entity5502 . Class I and Class II HLA associations with reactivity to the antigen were also sought. METHODS: Sera from 146 HLA typed @entity1 with @entity309 representing all subtypes were analyzed for reactivity with the 45 kDa @entity48205 protein by immunoblotting. The antigen was purified to near homogeneity from nuclei of HeLa cells. RESULTS: Antibodies to @entity48205 were found in 57% of all @entity1 with @entity309 compared to 3% of controls (p < 0.0001). Antibodies were detected more frequently in pauciarticular onset (78%) than in polyarticular onset @entity1 (29%; p < 0.01) and controls (3%; p < 0.0001). 97% of @entity1 with @entity309 (regardless of onset subtype) and @entity5502 had anti- @entity48205 antibodies compared to 47% of @entity1 without @entity2194 (p < 0.0001). Anti- @entity48205 antibodies were found more frequently in females compared to males in the pauciarticular onset disease group (84 vs 42%; p < 0.01). The occurrence of anti- @entity48205 antibodies was closely associated with positive antinuclear antibody serology, and a strong association with the Class I gene HLA-A2 was also observed. CONCLUSION: Antibodies to the 45 kDa @entity48205 protein are characteristic of the @entity309 , particularly in @entity1 with a history of @entity5502 . The occurrence of anti- @entity48205 antibodies is significantly but paradoxically associated with the presence of the HLA-A2 allele in such @entity1 .

title: Antibodies to the 45 kDa @entity48205 nuclear antigen in pauciarticular onset @entity309 and XXXX : selective association with MHC gene.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eye disease']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA', 'pauciarticular onset subtype of JRA']

answer: @entity5502 :: (MESH:D015863,Disease) :: ['iridocyclitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the development of early-onset @entity303 is a radical and invalidating experience for both @entity1 and family there are hardly any non-pharmacological studies that focus on this group of @entity1 . One type of a non-pharmacological intervention that appears to have a beneficial effect on cognition in older @entity1 without @entity303 and older @entity1 at risk for @entity303 is exercise. In view of their younger age early-onset @entity303 @entity1 may be well able to participate in an exercise program. The main aim of the EXERCISE-ON study is to assess whether exercise slows down the progressive course of the symptoms of @entity303 . METHODS/DESIGN: One hundred and fifty @entity1 with early-onset @entity303 are recruited. After completion of the baseline measurements, @entity1 living within a 50 kilometre radius to one of the rehabilitation centres are randomly assigned to either an aerobic exercise program in a rehabilitation centre or a flexibility and relaxation program in a rehabilitation centre. Both programs are applied three times a week during 3 months. @entity1 living outside the 50 kilometre radius are included in a feasibility study where @entity1 join in a daily physical activity program set at home making use of pedometers. Measurements take place at baseline (entry of the study), after three months (end of the exercise program) and after six months (follow-up). Primary outcomes are cognitive functioning; psychomotor speed and executive functioning; (instrumental) activities of daily living, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes include physical, neuropsychological, and rest-activity rhythm measures. DISCUSSION: The EXERCISE-ON study is the first study to offer exercise programs to @entity1 with early-onset @entity303 . We expect this study to supply evidence regarding the effects of exercise on the symptoms of early-onset @entity303 , influencing quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The present study is registered within The Netherlands National Trial Register (ref: NTR2124).

title: Study protocol: EXERcise and cognition in sedentary adults with early-ONset XXXX (EXERCISE-ON).

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'persons']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our objective was evaluate the outcome of primary clinical T4M0 extraperitoneal @entity5 treated by neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Prognosis of clinical T4 @entity5 is poor. Preoperative chemoradiation therapy may be beneficial. The results obtained are unclear due to lack of objective and strictly applied staging methods. METHODS: @entity1 with primary, clinical, T4MO, extraperitoneal @entity5 , defined by transrectal ultrasonography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, were considered. Intraoperative radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy were employed in some @entity1 after curative resection (R0). Variables influencing the possibility to perform an R0 resection and a sphincter-saving procedure were investigated as predictors of outcome. RESULTS: 100 @entity1 were included. R0 resection was performed in 78 @entity1 . R0 resection rate was greater in females (93% vs 67%) and in responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (94% vs 60%). The ability to perform a sphincter-saving procedure was 57%, greater in middle rectal location (85% vs 51%) and in responders to the chemoradiation (70% vs 47%). Median follow-up was 31 months (range, 4-136). Local recurrences were found in 7 @entity1 (10%). Five-year local control in R0 @entity1 was 90% and better in the IORT group (100%). Distant relapse occurred in 24 @entity1 (30%). Five-year overall survival was 59%, and was better after an R0 versus an R1 or R2 resection (68% vs 22%). Overall and disease free survival in R0 @entity1 improved after overall downstaging. Adjuvant chemotherapy given in addition to the neoadjuvant therapy did not appear to offer benefit in improving survival. CONCLUSION: A multimodal approach enabled us to obtain a 5-year overall survival of about 60%. IORT increased local control. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy needs to be further investigated.

title: Outcomes of clinical T4M0 extra-peritoneal XXXX treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy and surgery: a prospective evaluation of a single institutional experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Recent reports suggest that @entity8160 (EGF) or related peptides may act as local hormones to regulate granulosa cell differentiation. While FSH and @entity1176 are known to stimulate accumulation of @entity2435 ( @entity2435 ) mRNA in granulosa cells, studies using nonovarian cells have shown stimulation of @entity2435 by EGF. In this study, the effect of EGF and its structural analog @entity18696 ( @entity18696 ) on ovarian @entity2435 mRNA and activity was investigated. Granulosa cells obtained from immature @entity172 -treated @entity35 were cultured with FSH or increasing doses of EGF or @entity18696 before analysis of @entity2435 activity using @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis followed by a fibrin overlay technique. Like FSH and @entity1176 , EGF and @entity18696 stimulated the secretion of @entity2435 activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner (onset, 12 h; maximum, 48 h). Northern blot hybridization of total RNA using a @entity35 cRNA probe for @entity2435 showed the accumulation of a 22S species mRNA in cells treated with EGF or @entity18696 , but not with nerve growth factor, suggesting increased expression of the @entity2435 gene. Furthermore, slot blot hybridization of RNA from these cells confirmed a time-dependent increase in @entity2435 mRNA preceding that in enzyme activity. Cotreatment of a saturating dose of EGF with @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) or @entity1176 resulted in additive increases in both @entity2435 enzyme activity and mRNA levels. In addition, pretreatment with @entity4515 desensitized the cells to subsequent treatment with @entity4515 or @entity1176 , but did not diminish EGF-induced @entity2435 mRNA, suggesting that EGF acts through a pathway independent of protein kinase-C. Also, extracellular @entity268 levels did not increase with EGF treatment in the presence or absence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suggesting the lack of involvement of the protein kinase-A pathway. Suppression of protein synthesis by @entity1880 inhibited the induction of @entity2435 mRNA by EGF, whereas similar treatment resulted in the superinduction of @entity2435 mRNA in FSH-treated cells, suggesting that EGF and FSH do not share the same pathway. These results suggest that EGF and @entity18696 induce @entity2435 mRNA and activity in granulosa cells through a pathway independent of protein kinases-A (FSH) and -C ( @entity1176 and @entity4621 ), providing an interesting model for future elucidation of the molecular mechanism involved in @entity2435 gene expression.

title: @entity8160 stimulates tissue plasminogen activator activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured XXXX granulosa cells: mediation by pathways independent of protein kinases-A and -C.

entities_list: @entity8160 :: ('25313(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2435 :: ('25692(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['tPA', 'tissue-type plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity18696 :: ('24827(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF alpha', 'transforming growth factor-alpha']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity2 is the most lethal @entity5 in the United States, with 143,000 deaths predicted for 1991. The cure rate is extremely low (approximately 13%), in part because the propensity for early spread precludes surgical cure in most @entity1 . Thus, chemotherapy or other systemic therapies are the only way to improve the dismal results. @entity900 is an active agent in @entity151 ( @entity151 ) and perhaps the most active agent in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The @entity137 and inconvenience of @entity900 make it less than ideal for @entity2 therapy. @entity3003 was developed to provide a less toxic, more convenient alternative to @entity900 . The data presented in this review suggest that @entity3003 may be substituted for @entity900 in the treatment of extensive-stage @entity151 . In limited-stage @entity151 , there are insufficient data to determine whether it should replace @entity900 when used simultaneously with chest irradiation and @entity2879 . It may be substituted for @entity900 in cycles not using irradiation. In @entity1149 , @entity3003 may be used alone or with etoposide for the palliative management of @entity3 . Its role in earlier stages of @entity1149 needs investigation.

title: Clinical experiences with @entity3003 ( XXXX ) in @entity2 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['paraplatin']


abstract: AIM: to analyze the changes in the width of selected veins in the lower limbs during pregnancy and puerperium, with or without @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) diagnosed at the first trimester MATERIAL AND METHODS: the group of 100 pregnant was divided into two subgroups with or without @entity4096 . The examination was performed, namely between 11-14th, 18-22nd, 28-32nd weeks of gestation and in 6th week of the puerperium. The sonographic examination included the measurement of the @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) of the common femoral vein (CFV), the superficial femoral vein ( @entity3598 ) and the popliteal vein (PV). The changes in the vessel width during pregnancy and puerperium were compared in both groups. Moreover the changes of analyzed ultrasound parameters between the two groups in the 4 analyzed time periods were compared to the first trimester results. RESULTS: there was a statistically significant increase in the @entity5562 of CFV with the highest values in the third trimester and significantly higher in the puerperium compared to the first visit. @entity5562 in all analyzed stages of pregnancy in the group with @entity4096 was significantly higher @entity3598 and PV were not statistically different between the groups in any of the analyzed periods. Average @entity5562 of these vessels was higher in the third trimester decreasing gradually during the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS: The average @entity5562 was highest in the third trimester decreasing during the postpartum period. In @entity4096 group a full return of @entity5562 to the values observed in the first trimester was not observed in the puerperium.

title: Pregnancy-dependent changes in the vein width of the lower extremities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'transverse diameter']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['VI', 'venous insufficiency']

answer: @entity4096 :: (MESH:D014689,Disease) :: ['venous insufficiency']


abstract: One challenge facing eukaryotic cells is the post-translational import of proteins into organelles. This problem is exacerbated when the proteins assemble into large complexes. Aminopeptidase I (API) is a resident hydrolase of the vacuole/lysosome in the @entity375 @entity375 . The precursor form of API assembles into a dodecamer in the cytosol and maintains this oligomeric form during the import process. Vacuolar delivery of the precursor form of API requires a vesicular mechanism termed the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway. Many components of the Cvt pathway are also used in the degradative autophagy pathway. alpha-Mannosidase ( @entity8346 ) is another resident hydrolase that enters the vacuole independent of the secretory pathway; however, its mechanism of vacuolar delivery has not been established. We show vacuolar localization of @entity8346 is blocked in mutants that are defective in the Cvt and autophagy pathways. We have found that @entity8346 forms an oligomer in the cytoplasm. The oligomeric form of @entity8346 is also detected in subvacuolar vesicles in strains that are blocked in @entity5222 , indicating that it retains its oligomeric form during the import process. These results identify @entity8346 as a second biosynthetic cargo protein of the Cvt and autophagy pathways.

title: Vacuolar localization of oligomeric alpha-mannosidase requires the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting and autophagy pathway components in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeast']

entities_list: @entity5222 :: ('MESH:C567751', 'Disease') :: ['vesicle breakdown']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The esophagus is the most commonly affected gastrointestinal area in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity1 with @entity785 frequently develop @entity354 , @entity1208 , and sometimes, intestinal metaplasia, or @entity355 ( @entity355 ), which may increase the risk of @entity420 . This study sought to determine the prevalence of @entity355 and @entity420 in a cohort of @entity785 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred ten @entity785 @entity1 who were receiving long-term treatment with proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) were assessed systematically by esophageal manometry and endoscopy. Esophageal biopsies were performed when macroscopic abnormalities were detected, and @entity355 was diagnosed histologically. RESULTS: Among the 110 @entity1 , 14 had @entity355 (12.7%). None of the @entity1 with @entity355 had @entity420 , but 3 of the 14 @entity1 (21%) had @entity1141 on esophageal biopsy. Similar proportions of @entity1 with and without @entity355 had abnormal peristalsis and decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure. No association between @entity355 and other disease characteristics was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: In this study, 12.7% of @entity785 @entity1 who had been treated with PPIs for long periods had @entity355 , similar to the prevalence in @entity1 with @entity354 . Although none of the @entity1 had @entity420 , @entity1 with @entity355 should be followed up closely, particularly @entity1 with @entity355 . Long-term prospective studies are warranted to determine the phenotype of @entity785 @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity1141 or @entity420 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity785 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", 'BE', 'dysplasic BE']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal injury']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'gastroesophageal reflux disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: @entity2828 /primitive @entity4969 is the most common @entity5 of the chest wall in @entity1 and adolescents. It is extremely malignant with a high frequency of both metastatic spread and of local recurrence. Cure requires intensive therapy to control both distant and @entity66 . Surgery and high-dose radiotherapy can achieve equivalent local control; however, radiation is associated with the additional morbidities of second @entity5 and a significant adverse impact on both @entity299 . The optimal therapeutic sequence is initial biopsy followed by induction chemotherapy with subsequent resection of the @entity5 . This approach will achieve the lowest incidence of @entity5 present at the margins of resection and, hence, need for postoperative radiotherapy. The chest wall is a rare site for @entity5 in @entity1 and adolescents. In a series reported from St Jude's @entity1 's Research Hospital, @entity5 constituted only 1.8% of the solid @entity5 . They are primarily mesenchymal in origin and the Ewing's @entity6196 ( @entity6196 ) predominate. This report concentrates on the later @entity5 . They are recognized to be extremely malignant, and cure in those who present with metastatic disease is very difficult to achieve. Recent advances in our understanding of their cytogenetic basis and optimal treatment are presented.

title: XXXX /primitive @entity4969 of the chest wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors', 'PNET']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity4969 :: ('MESH:D017599', 'Disease') :: ['neuroectodermal tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'chest wall tumors', 'childhood tumors', 'primary tumor', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and pulmonary function']

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's sarcoma']


abstract: SUMMARY: This study aimed to develop a new model of @entity14 (LM) in the @entity35 . Both single macroscopic and multiple bilobar microscopic LM were investigated, as this closely resembled the @entity1 situation, before right hepatectomy was performed for 'single' right LM. The single macroscopic LM was elicited by direct injection of DHD/K12 @entity14 cells under the capsule of the median liver lobe in immunocompetent BDIX @entity35 . The bilobar micrometastases were elicited by intraportal injection of DHD/K12 cells. A preliminary protocol was conducted to assess the dose of cells required to inject in to the portal vein, using 10(6) , 2  *  10(6) and 3  *  10(6) DHD/K12 cells (n  =  15 @entity35 ). The resultant protocol for the experimental model used intraportal injection of 10(6) DHD/K12 cells and direct injections of 0.5  *  10(6) , 10(6) and 1.5  *  10(6) DHD/K12 cells (n  =  15 @entity35 ). For both protocols, BDIX @entity35 were sacrificed at day 30 after injection. The preliminary protocol showed that intraportal injection of 10(6) DHD/K12 cells was associated with bilobar micrometastases of 0.8  mm mean diameter at day 30. The main protocol assessed that direct injection of 0.5  *  10(6) under the liver median lobe capsule and intraportal injection of 10(6) DHD/K12 cells were associated at day 30 with a single macroscopic metastasis confined to a liver lobe and bilobar micrometastases, without peritoneal @entity189 or lung metastasis. Thus we have developed a new experimental model of bilobar colorectal LM including both macro- and microscopic colorectal LMs, which mimics the @entity1 situation and which will be useful in preclinical studies.

title: Bilobar XXXX : a new model for preclinical studies.

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal liver metastases']


abstract: The hyperventilation test has been used as a clinical tool to induce @entity3361 . However, its diagnostic and prognostic values have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the hyperventilation test and to clarify the characteristics of hyperventilation test-positive @entity1 . We examined 206 @entity1 in whom @entity3361 was documented by angiography ( @entity2473 group), and 183 @entity1 without @entity951 at rest in whom @entity934 failed to induce @entity2473 (nonspasm group). All @entity1 performed vigorous hyperventilation for 6 minutes in the early morning. Of the @entity2473 group @entity1 , 127 showed positive responses to the test, including ST elevation (n = 111), ST @entity308 (n = 15) and negative U wave (n = 1). None in the nonspasm group showed any @entity63 electrocardiographic change. Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of this test for diagnosis of @entity3361 were 62% and 100%, respectively. In the @entity2473 group, there were no significant differences between hyperventilation test-positive and test-negative @entity1 in age, sex, the prevalence of @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity28 , smoking, and the number of diseased vessels. When clinical characteristics were compared, the proportions of the @entity1 with high disease activity (> or =5 attacks a week), with severe @entity943 (second- or third-degree @entity713 and/or @entity1165 ) during attacks, and with multivessel @entity2473 were significantly higher in the hyperventilation test-positive @entity1 than in the negative @entity1 (69% vs 20%, p <0.0001; 31% vs 11%, p <0.005; and 58% vs 34%, p <0.01, respectively). These findings imply that hyperventilation is a highly specific test for the diagnosis of @entity3361 , and that hyperventilation test-positive @entity1 are likely to have life-threatening @entity943 during attacks and multivessel @entity2473 .

title: Hyperventilation as a specific test for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery spasm', 'coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity3361 :: (MESH:D003329,Disease) :: ['coronary artery spasm']


abstract: The sponge Axinella polypoides contains four different @entity3649 binding lectins and one, termed lectin IV, which is specific for hexuronic acids. Only the @entity3649 binding lectins were investigated in this study. The complete @entity535 sequence of lectin I, the main component in the crude extract was determined. Lectin I is a homodimer and each subunit comprises 144 @entity1522 with a M(r) of 15,847 +/- 10, as calculated from the sequence data and determined by mass spectrometry. Each subunit contains one intrachain @entity1520 bridge between positions 4 and 46. Of lectin II, only the first 49 @entity1522 of the @entity2733 -terminal end were analysed. This part has 29 @entity1522 in common with lectin I, including a @entity462 residue at position 4, also suggesting an intrachain loop in a identical position as in lectin I. The molecular mass of its subunit is 16,235 +/- 10 Da. Only the first 15 @entity2733 -terminal @entity1522 of lectins III and V could be sequenced. Lectin V was identical to lectin II in all positions, whereas lectin III showed only 5 residues identical to lectins I or II. Thus, lectins I, II and III are derived from three different genes, whereas lectin V may either be a proteolytic cleavage product, or result from different splicing events or may be derived also from a separate gene. Neither of the four lectins showed any similarity to known lectin sequences of animal or plant origin.

title: Comparative investigations on the XXXX sequences of different isolectins from the sponge Axinella polypoides (Schmidt).

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactose']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino-acid']


abstract: Apoptosis, a genetically controlled programmed cell death, has been found to play a role in @entity5721 in several animal species including @entity35 and @entity95 . To examine whether this also is true for other animals, a surgically relevant model was established using an isolated in situ @entity1707 heart. Hearts were subjected to 15 min of normothermic regional @entity63 by left anterior descending artery (LAD) @entity432 followed by 30 min of normothermic @entity1167 and 3 h of reperfusion. @entity26 free radicals have been shown to be the inducers of apoptosis and because reperfusion of @entity63 myocardium is associated with the generation of free radicals, an additional group of hearts was preperfused with three different doses (5, 10, and 25 nM) ebselen, a @entity2041 peroxidase mimic, for 15 min before 15 min of @entity432 . Hearts were then subjected to 30 min of normothermic @entity1167 followed by 3 h of reperfusion at normothermia. Control experiments were performed by perfusing the hearts for 4 h at normothermia. Two other groups of hearts were subjected to either 30 or 60 min of @entity432 followed by 30 min of @entity1167 without subjecting them to reperfusion. At the end of each experiment, hearts were processed for the evaluation of apoptosis and DNA laddering. The in situ end-labeling (ISEL) technique was used to detect apoptotic cardiomyocyte nuclei while DNA laddering was evaluated by subjecting the DNA obtained from the cardiomyocytes to 1.8% agarose gel electrophoresis followed by photographing under UV illumination. The apoptotic cells appeared only after 90 min of reperfusion, as demonstrated by the intense fluorescence of the immunostained genomic DNA when observed under fluorescence microscopy. None of the @entity63 hearts showed any evidence of apoptosis. These results were corroborated with the findings of DNA fragmentation showing increased ladders of DNA bands in the same reperfused hearts. The presence of apoptotic cells and DNA fragmentation in the myocardium was abolished by preperfusing the hearts in the presence of 10 nM ebselen, which also moderated the oxidative stress developed in the heart. Apoptotic cells and DNA ladders were completely absent in the hearts subjected to either 30 or 60 min of @entity432 . The results demonstrate that reperfusion of the @entity63 heart induces apoptosis, which can be reduced with ebselen by reducing the oxidative stress associated with @entity63 /reperfusion.

title: Oxidative stress developed during open heart surgery induces apoptosis: reduction of apoptotic cell death by ebselen, a XXXX peroxidase mimic.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion', 'LAD occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardioplegic arrest']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['glutathione']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most frequent complication of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Its diagnosis is based on clinical characteristics. However, symptoms and signs of PTS are non-specific, and could result from concomitant primary @entity4096 (PVI) rather than @entity1150 . This could bias evaluation of PTS. METHODS: Using data from the REVERSE multicenter study, we assessed risk factors for PTS in @entity1 with a first unprovoked unilateral proximal @entity1150 5-7 months earlier who were free of clinically significant PVI (defined as absence of moderate or severe @entity1211 in the contralateral leg). RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity1 considered, the prevalence of PTS was 27.1%. @entity28 (odds ratio [OR] 2.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5-4.7]), mild @entity1211 (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1-4.3]), poor International Normalized Ratio (INR) control (OR per additional 1% of time with INR < 2 during anticoagulant treatment of 1.018 [95% CI 1.003-1.034]) and the presence of residual @entity432 on ultrasound (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.1-3.7]) significantly increased the risk for PTS in multivariable analyses. When we restricted our analysis to @entity1 without any signs, even mild, of contralateral @entity4096 (n = 244), the prevalence of PTS decreased slightly to 24.6%. Only @entity28 remained an independent predictor of PTS (OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.3-5.0]). Poor INR control and residual @entity432 also increased the risk, but the results were no longer statistically significant (OR 1.017 [95% CI 0.999-1.035] and OR 1.7 [95% CI 0.9-3.3], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: After a first unprovoked proximal @entity1150 , @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with even mild PVI constitute a group at increased risk of developing PTS for whom particular attention should be paid with respect to PTS prevention. Careful monitoring of anticoagulant treatment may prevent PTS.

title: Predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome in a population with a first XXXX and no primary @entity4096 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous ectasia', 'contralateral venous ectasia']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: By means of the new medium, nonspecific @entity6369 (NSU) @entity6353 agar, NSU corymebacteria were isolated from @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity793 , @entity2259 , @entity3799 , conjuctivitis, and @entity2396 , and also with bone marrow, wound, and cul-de-sac infections. The NSU corynebacteria were considered the etiologic agents. On the basis of biochemical reactions, antibiotic sensitivity, and complement fixation tests some isolates were the same microorganisms. Both @entity1 with @entity2024 were infected with the same NSU corynebacteria. A second isolate was cultured from @entity1 with @entity4034 and @entity3799 , while a third was recovered from an infected leg wound and from a @entity1 with @entity2396 . Seven of the isolates, when injected into @entity95 hypersensitive to four NSU corynebacteria isolated from the inflamed epididymis of @entity1 with @entity3892 , @entity56 reactions, which indicated that they also were related antigenically. It is suggested that nonspecific @entity6369 and eididymitis may represent an @entity281 with NSU corynebacteria, or may be an extension of @entity793 due to these microorganisms, with a delayed @entity56 as a possible additional complication. Colony counts on NSU @entity6353 agar of the bacteria in urines from male and female @entity1 were higher than those obtained on conventional agar media. NSU @entity6353 agar is superior to other agar media for the isolation of pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria not only from the urogenital tract but also from other foci of @entity281 . It is easily prepared from commercial blood agar plates and its use should be considered when a selective medium is not required.

title: XXXX , @entity2259 , and other infections due to NSU corynebacteria.

entities_list: @entity6369 :: ('MESH:D014526', 'Disease') :: ['urethritis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['elicited delayed hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity reaction']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity793 :: (MESH:D001437,Disease) :: ['Asymptomatic bacteriuria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits of continuity of care (COC) have not been firmly established for pediatric @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To assess whether greater COC is associated with lower @entity341 ( @entity341 ) utilization. SETTING: Outpatient teaching clinic at @entity1 's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA. @entity1 : All 785 Medicaid managed care @entity1 ages 0 to 19 years followed at @entity1 's Hospital and Regional Medical Center between 1993 to 1997 who had at least four outpatient visits. METHODS: Retrospective claims-based analysis. COC was quantified based on the number of different care providers in relation to the number of clinic visits. RESULTS: Attending COC was significantly greater than resident COC. In a multiple event survival analysis, compared with those @entity1 in the lowest tertile of attending COC, those in the middle tertile had 30% lower @entity341 utilization (hazard ratio 0.70 [0.53-0.93]) and those in the highest tertile had 35% lower @entity341 use (hazard ratio 0.65 [0.50-0.80]). Resident COC was not significantly associated with @entity341 use. CONCLUSION: Greater COC with attending physicians in outpatient teaching clinics is associated with lower @entity341 utilization.

title: Is greater continuity of care associated with less XXXX utilization?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: This study was designed to analyze the pathophysiological role of the endogenous endothelin (ET) system and the therapeutic approach to @entity712 ( @entity712 ) with ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonists in a @entity235 @entity712 model. After 3 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (240 beats/min), concentrations of immunoreactive ET-1 in @entity235 increased approximately 2-fold in plasma and in the left and right ventricles but not in the lung. There were no meaningful changes in the density and affinity of total ET receptors, or in the ratio of ET(A) to ET(B) receptors. To clarify the functional role of endogenous ET, we examined the effects of acute injection of @entity55573 (1 and 3 mg/kg i.v.), an ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, on cardiovascular and renal function in @entity235 with @entity712 . Compared with vehicle, @entity55573 at both doses significantly decreased pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), and @entity5691 (CO) and renal blood flow. @entity55573 had no effects on heart rate and cardiac contractility. In addition, we examined whether @entity55573 has an additive effect in the presence of enalaprilat. @entity55573 (1 mg/kg i.v.) administered after @entity17914 (0.05 mg/kg i.v.) induced further decreases in MAP, PCWP and PAP, and further increases in CO, resulting in further decreases in total peripheral resistance. These results indicate that the endogenous ET system is exaggerated in @entity712 and has a detrimental effect on cardiac function. Therefore, @entity55573 given alone or as combination therapy may play a beneficial role in the treatment of @entity712 in @entity1 .

title: Pathophysiological roles of endogenous endothelin-1 in @entity235 with chronic XXXX produced by rapid right ventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity17914 :: ('MESH:D015773', 'Chemical') :: ['enalaprilat']

entities_list: @entity5691 :: ('MESH:D016534', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiac output']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: We report a @entity1 who presented after an episode of @entity294 with ascending, symmetrical weakness without @entity393 , and without sphincter or other @entity5433 . On clinical examination there were no @entity129 . @entity2045 without other upper motor neurone signs was found. Electrophysiological examination demonstrated acute distal symmetrical motor axonal @entity305 . No electrophysiological signs of @entity8954 or central nervous system involvement were found. Albuminocytologic dissociation was present in the cerebrospinal fluid. Stool culture and serological tests were inconclusive. Our @entity1 's clinical picture was, apart from @entity2045 , characteristic of @entity5011 . This is the first such @entity1 reported in Europe. The aetiology remained unclear. We suggest that selective axonal motor fibre affection, with possible mild @entity9917 , caused @entity2045 .

title: Hyperreflexia in a @entity1 with motor axonal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity9917 :: ('MESH:C538104', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal involvement']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperreflexia of tendon jerks', 'hyperreflexia of tendon jerks throughout the disease', 'tendon jerk hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve demyelination']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['sensory loss']

answer: @entity5011 :: (MESH:D020275,Disease) :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to radiographically evaluate the effect of a machined @entity702 coronal collar on the marginal bone around 1-part endosseous dental implants placed at different heights relative to the bone crest. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty dental implants were placed in edentulous spaces bilaterally in 5 foxhounds. Thirty test implants had a sandblasted, large-grit, dual acid-etched surface (SLA) over the entire length of the implant. The other 30 implants (control) had a machined collar around the most coronal 1.8 mm of the implant; an SLA surface covered the remainder of the implant. Both control and test implants were placed at 3 distinct levels relative to the bone crest. Six implants (3 control and 3 test) were randomly placed side by side in each hemimandible. Radiographs were taken at placement (baseline) and monthly for 6 months postplacement using a standardized radiographic template. RESULTS: Fifty-eight of the implants integrated and were analyzed on each proximal surface. @entity604 occurred around all implants over the 6 months of the study. In general, implants placed with the top of the SLA surface above the bone crest had significantly less @entity604 than implants with the top of the SLA surface placed flush with the bone level. Apically placed implants had greater @entity604 than coronally placed implants. The magnitude of @entity604 around paired control and test implants was approximately the same. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The least @entity604 with each implant type was observed when the top of the implant was placed above the alveolar crest. When there was no machined collar, the least distance from the implant top to the bone crest (not, however, the least @entity604 ) was observed when the top of the implant was level with the bone crest.

title: The effect of a machined collar on coronal hard tissue around XXXX implants: a radiographic study in the canine mandible.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'Bone loss']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fundus @entity941 angiography (FFA) results of the Macular Epiretinal Brachytherapy in Treated Age-Related Macular Degeneration study. DESIGN: Prospective, multicenter, interventional, noncontrolled clinical trial. @entity1 : Fifty-three eyes of 53 @entity1 with chronic, active neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) requiring frequent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor retreatment. METHODS: @entity1 underwent pars plana vitrectomy with a single 24-gray dose of epimacular brachytherapy (EMB), delivered with an intraocular, handheld, cannula containing a @entity9756 90/yttrium 90 source positioned over the active lesion. @entity1 were retreated with ranibizumab administered monthly as needed, using predefined retreatment criteria. @entity1 underwent FFA at baseline, month 1, and month 12. @entity1 underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and then monthly for 12 months. The FFA and OCT images were evaluated by independent, central reading facilities. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Change in OCT centerpoint thickness and @entity75 size 12 months after EMB. RESULTS: Mean centerpoint thickness increased by 50  m, from 186 to 236  m (P = 0.292), but 70% of @entity1 had an increase of less than the mean, with a median increase of only 1.8  m. The FFA total lesion size increased slightly by 0.79 mm(2), from 14.69 to 15.48 mm(2) (P = 0.710). @entity1940 ( @entity471 ) area increased by 1.17 mm(2), from 12.94 to 14.12 mm(2) (P = 0.556). The classic @entity471 area decreased substantially by 3.70 mm(2), from 3.90 to 0.20 mm(2) (P<0.01). Predominantly classic lesions showed the greatest response, with mean Early Treatment @entity6 Study visual acuity improving by 1.5 letters (versus -4.0 for all @entity1 combined); mean centerpoint thickness decreased by 43  m (P = 0.875). The angiographic and OCT response did not correlate with lesion size at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic, active, neovascular @entity1020 , EMB is associated with nonsignificant changes in centerpoint thickness and FFA total lesion size over 12 months.

title: Macular epiretinal brachytherapy in treated @entity1020 (MERITAGE): month 12 optical coherence tomography and XXXX angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Total choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic lesion']

entities_list: @entity9756 :: ('MESH:D013324', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity941 :: (MESH:D019793,Chemical) :: ['fluorescein']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the expression of cyclooxygenase ( @entity2247 ) and its association with clinicopathologic parameters and clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 84 @entity1 with stage IB to @entity5 . @entity1 with early-stage cases (n = 21) underwent radical surgery, whereas @entity1 with locally advanced @entity5 (LACC) (n = 63) were first administered neoadjuvant @entity900 -based treatment and subjected to surgery in case of response. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on paraffin-embedded sections with rabbit antiserum against @entity2247 . RESULTS: @entity2247 --integrated density values in the overall population ranged from 1.2 to 82.3, with mean plus minus SE values of 27.4 plus minus 2.4. According to the chosen cutoff value, 36 (42.9%) of 84 @entity1 were scored as @entity2247 positive. @entity2247 levels were shown to be highly associated with @entity5 susceptibility to neoadjuvant treatment. @entity2247 showed a progressive increase from mean plus minus SE values of 19.9 plus minus 8.0 in complete responders through 31.5 plus minus 3.5 in partial responses to 44.8 plus minus 3.9 in @entity1 who were not responsive (P =.0054). When logistic regression was applied, only advanced stage and @entity2247 positivity retained independent roles in predicting a poor chance of response to treatment. @entity2247 --positive @entity1 had a shorter @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rate than @entity2247 --negative @entity1 . In @entity1 with LACC, the 2-year @entity1349 rate was 38% in @entity2247 --positive versus 85% in @entity2247 --negative @entity1 (P =.0001). In the multivariate analysis, only advanced stage and @entity2247 positivity retained independent negative prognostic roles for @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: The assessment of @entity2247 status could provide additional information to identify @entity1 with @entity5 with a poor chance of response to neoadjuvant treatment and unfavorable prognosis.

title: Increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance and poor survival in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['IVA cervical cancer', 'tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the current status and future directions of therapy in @entity66 . DATA SOURCES: English language literature search using MEDLINE, Index Medicus, reviews, texts and relevant papers. STUDY SELECTION: Information has been drawn from approximately 200 articles. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Those articles with most relevance to current practice and future directions in the therapy of @entity66 have been cited. CONCLUSIONS: Much progress has been made over the last 30 years in the therapy of primary and secondary prevention of @entity66 . The introduction of antihypertensive agents has been largely responsible for the decline in mortality from @entity64 and, in some areas, the incidence. Anticoagulants such as @entity1229 protect against @entity64 in @entity1 with mitral or @entity886 and/or @entity955 . Antiplatelet agents are clearly effective in the secondary prevention of @entity64 after transient ischaemic attacks; the risk of @entity64 or death is reduced, on average, by 22%. In @entity1 with @entity510 , @entity532 caused by @entity2553 are reduced by @entity460 channel blockers. A new wave of therapies is now on the horizon to minimise tissue damage in the early stages of @entity64 ("tissue rescue") with the introduction of thrombolytic agents, @entity460 channel blockers, @entity143 antagonists and haemodilution techniques and many of these are currently being subjected to clinical trial. If they prove to be effective, our current management of acute @entity64 may alter dramatically.

title: Therapy in XXXX : current status and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic complications']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['cerebrovascular disease']


abstract: Although it is well known that the tolerance of the liver to external beam irradiation depends on the volume of liver irradiated, few data exist which quantify this @entity734 . Therefore, a review was carried out of our clinical trial for the treatment of @entity5 in which the dose of radiation delivered depended on the volume of normal liver treated. Three dimensional treatment planning using dose-volume histogram analysis of the normal liver was used for all @entity1 . Nine of the 79 @entity1 treated developed clinical radiation @entity99 . None of the @entity1 related variables assessed were associated with radiation @entity99 . All @entity1 who developed radiation @entity99 received whole liver irradiation, as all or part of their treatment, which produced a mean dose greater than or equal to 37 Gy. Dose volume histograms were used to calculate normal tissue complication probabilities based on parameters derived from the literature. The risk of complication was greatly overestimated among @entity1 receiving a high dose of radiation to part of the liver without whole liver treatment. An estimation of model parameters based on the clinical results indicated a larger magnitude for the "volume effect parameter" than the literature estimate (n = 0.69 +/- 0.05 vs 0.32; p less than 0.001). Computation of the normal tissue complication probabilities using the larger value of n produced a good description of the observed risk of radiation @entity99 . These findings suggest that dose volume histogram analysis can be used to quantify the tolerance of the liver to radiation. The predictive value of this parameterization of the normal tissue complication probability model will need to be tested with liver tolerance and dose volume histogram data from an independent clinical trial.

title: The use of 3-D dose volume analysis to predict radiation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']