abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Validate the sensitivity and specificity of 2 age adjustment strategies for d-dimer values in identifying @entity1 at risk for @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) compared with traditional d-dimer cutoff value (500 ng/mL) to decrease inappropriate computed tomography pulmonary angiography ( @entity13804 ) use. METHODS: This institutional review board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant retrospective study included all adult emergency department @entity1 evaluated for @entity1151 over a 32-month period (1/1/11-8/30/13). Only @entity1 undergoing @entity13804 and d-dimer testing were included. We used a validated natural language processing algorithm to parse @entity13804 radiology reports and determine the presence of acute @entity1151 . Outcome measures were sensitivity and specificity of 2 age-adjusted d-dimer cutoffs compared with the traditional cutoff. We used   (2) tests with proportional analyses to assess differences in traditional and age-adjusted (age * 10 ng/mL) d-dimer cutoffs, adjusting both by decade and by year. RESULTS: A total 3063 @entity1 with suspected @entity1151 were evaluated by @entity13804 during the study period, and 1055 (34%) also received d-dimer testing. The specificity of age-adjusted d-dimer values was similar or higher for each age group studied compared with traditional cutoff, without significantly compromising sensitivity. Overall, had decade age-adjusted cutoffs been used, 37 CTPAs could have been avoided (19.6% of 189 @entity1 aged >60 years with @entity14962 score  <=4); had yearly age-adjusted cutoffs been used, 52 CTPAs (18.2% of 286 @entity1 aged >50 years with @entity14962 score  <=4) could have been avoided. CONCLUSION: Each age-adjusted d-dimer cutoff strategy for the evaluation of @entity1151 was associated with increased specificity and statistically insignificant decreased sensitivity when compared with the traditional d-dimer cutoff value.

title: Assessing 2 d-dimer age-adjustment strategies to optimize computed tomographic use in ED evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rotavirus (RV) causes significant morbidity and mortality in @entity1 worldwide. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in modulating host-pathogen interactions, but little is known about the impact of commonly used probiotics on @entity1 @entity6425 . In this study, we compared the immunomodulatory effects of Gram-positive ( @entity1905 [LGG]) and Gram-negative ( @entity526 Nissle [EcN]) probiotic bacteria on virulent @entity1 rotavirus (VirHRV) infection and immunity using neonatal gnotobiotic piglets. Gnotobiotic piglets were colonized with EcN, LGG, or EcN+LGG or uncolonized and challenged with VirHRV. Mean peak virus shedding titers and mean cumulative fecal scores were significantly lower in EcN-colonized compared with LGG-colonized or uncolonized piglets. Reduced viral shedding titers were correlated with significantly reduced small intestinal HRV IgA Ab responses in EcN-colonized compared with uncolonized piglets post-VirHRV challenge. However the total IgA levels post-VirHRV challenge in the intestine and pre-VirHRV challenge in serum were significantly higher in EcN-colonized than in LGG-colonized piglets. In vitro treatment of mononuclear cells with these probiotics demonstrated that EcN, but not LGG, induced @entity650 , @entity688 , and IgA, with the latter partially dependent on @entity688 . However, addition of exogenous recombinant porcine @entity688 + @entity650 to mononuclear cells cocultured with LGG significantly enhanced IgA responses. The greater effectiveness of EcN in moderating @entity281 may also be explained by the binding of EcN but not LGG to Wa HRV particles or HRV 2/4/6 virus-like particles but not 2/6 virus-like particles. Results suggest that EcN and LGG differentially modulate RV infection and B cell responses.

title: Differential Effects of @entity526 Nissle and XXXX on @entity1 Rotavirus Binding, Infection, and B Cell Immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HRV infection']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['RV (HRV) infection']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1905 :: (568703,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus Strain GG']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We attempted to document the role of homicide and other @entity130 as causes of @entity204 and to compare the risk of @entity130 among pregnant @entity1 with that in the general population. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed New York City medical examiner records of 2331 @entity1 aged 15 to 44 years who died of injury in 1987 through 1991. Pregnancies were identified from autopsy information. RESULTS: A total of 115 (39%) of 293 deaths in currently or recently pregnant @entity1 were attributable to injury. These 115 deaths included homicide (63%), suicide (13%), motor vehicle crashes (12%), and drug @entity1445 (7%). Minority @entity1 were overrepresented among the @entity204 (black 53%, Hispanic 24%, white 19%). Recent substance use was documented in 48% of the @entity204 . Pregnancy was documented on only 35% of the 115 death certificates. The risk of @entity130 is similar for currently pregnant @entity1 and for @entity1 in the general population, except for an increased risk of homicide among pregnant black @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Homicide and other @entity130 are major contributors to maternal mortality and should be (but rarely are) included routinely in maternal mortality surveillance systems. Prenatal and postpartum clinic visits represent an ideal time to implement interventions to prevent @entity130 among pregnant @entity1 .

title: Homicide and other @entity130 as causes of XXXX in New York City, 1987 through 1991.

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['injury deaths', 'maternal death']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdoses']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'fatal injury']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['maternal death']


abstract: Clinicopathologic data including immunophenotypic expression of 16 new cases of small @entity1944 are presented. @entity1 age ranged from 27 to 87 years (mean, 61 years) with a 2.2:1 male-female ratio. Eighty-eight percent of @entity5 occurred distally, i.e., in the jejunoileum. Considerable histologic heterogeneity was noted including epithelioid, myxoid, and @entity3808 variants. Stratification by histologic grade suggests important clinical subsets. Only in grade I @entity5 is surgical extirpation alone potentially curative. Grade II @entity5 are associated with meaningful survival usually measured in years, however, nearly all @entity1 can be expected to die from their @entity5 . @entity242 are fully malignant and rapidly progressive: except for one case with limited follow-up, all @entity1 with @entity242 died of disease with a mean survival of only nine months (median, 2 months). Immunostaining with antibodies directed against @entity2277 , @entity4483 protein were performed. Only antivimentin was uniformly reactive. Sixty-three percent of cases tested showed actin immunoreactivity, and no @entity5 revealed immunohistochemically detectable @entity2283 or @entity4483 protein. Although many small bowel stromal @entity242 appear "poorly differentiated" by immunohistochemical methods presently available, that they are indeed @entity1822 seems most likely from their intramural location and light histologic study. The limited utility of immunophenotyping and the importance of histologic grading are stressed.

title: A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 16 @entity1 with small XXXX . Limited utility of immunophenotyping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'Grade III sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity4483 :: ('6285', 'Gene') :: ['S-100', 'muscle-specific actin, desmin, and S-100']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the techniques for surgical excision of giant primary @entity96 . METHODS: Operative managements, complications and their causes during and after resection of giant @entity96 were analyzed retrospectively in 166 cases treated from October 1996 through December 2001. RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity1 , 123 (74.1 %) underwent @entity5 resection and 43 (25.9 %) regular lobectomy, including left trilobectomy (8, 4.8 %), medial lobectomy (21, 12.7 %), right anterior lobectomy (11, 6.6 %), and hemihepatectomy (3, 1.8 %). All @entity1 were subjected to surgery with intermittent interruption of the first porta hepatis under normothermia. The total interruption time was 7-68 minutes and average time was 24.5 minutes. The maximum single interruption time was 41 minutes. Intraoperative @entity190 was 50-4000 ml, averaging 726 ml. The maximum blood transfusion was 5200 ml, averaging was 811 ml, and transfusion was not needed in 54 @entity1 . @entity260 occurred in 9 @entity1 (5.4%), of whom, 2 (1.2%) died of @entity1578 and @entity649 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An adequate reserve of liver function is a prerequisite for a smooth recovery after operation. Careful intraoperative management is @entity260 .

title: Surgical excision of giant primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in the medial liver lobe']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications', 'crucial to decrease postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in the medial liver lobe']


abstract: Sciatic nerve section in newborn @entity35 causes loss of almost all motoneurons and of two thirds of the sensory neurons. Single motor axons may regenerate but they innervate only few muscle fibres. The nonreinnervated fibres vanish and are replaced by fat cells. The reinnervated muscle fibres are overloaded, @entity1184 , and eventually necrotize. Their satellite cells regenerate new fibres; most of them develop aneurally and then disappear. The muscles, if reinnervated at all, after 1 year consist of a mixture of @entity1184 fibres, non-innervated regenerates, and fat cells, and resemble muscle from @entity1 with @entity4574 Werdnig-Hoffmann. In immature @entity35 muscles, restricted reinnervation and functional overload of the few innervated fibres maintain a self-enhancing process which eventually leads to the replacement of the entire muscle by fat tissue. It is suggested that @entity4574 starts during fetal life and that similar mechanisms are operative. The clinical progression would then depend on the extent of degeneration due to overload and on regeneration and reinnervation in the muscles rather than on the rate of continuous loss of anterior horn cells. Immature motoneurons in @entity35 die when they loose contact with their target; one might therefore speculate that the @entity75 in @entity4574 is peripheral rather than central, and that lack of neuronotorophic influences causes the loss of anterior horn cells.

title: The effect of peripheral nerve injury on immature motor and sensory neurons and on muscle fibres. Possible relation to the histogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4574 :: ('MESH:D014897', 'Disease') :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease', 'infantile spinal muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

answer: @entity4574 :: (MESH:D014897,Disease) :: ['Werdnig-Hoffmann disease']


abstract: @entity1224 has been proposed to be an important determinant of severity of @entity565 and medication needs to control symptoms in adults. In this study we tried to determine if this relationship existed in childhood @entity565 . One hundred and forty-five @entity748 @entity1 aged 6 to 19 years with a positive @entity2710 (MCH) challenge test and a baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 56% to 118% predicted were studied. The MCH concentration required to decrease the FEV1 from baseline by 20% (PC20) ranged from 0.1 to 20 mg/mL (geometric mean = 1.85 mg/mL). @entity1109 in this population before the study ranged from 2 months to 14 years. They were followed for a mean of 10 months after the MCH challenge and then grouped into four groups according to overall severity of symptoms and treatment needed to control symptoms. The first grade was comprised of @entity1 with intermittent symptoms only, with a @entity1729 (URTI), and no medication; grade 2 symptoms were severe enough to require intermittent bronchodilators (BD); grade 3 symptoms were severe enough to require daily BD; and grade 4 symptoms were severe enough to require daily BD and @entity230 . Geometric means PC20 were significantly different among the four groups when they were analyzed by ANOVA P less than .01. There was, however, marked overlap between the individual levels of PC20 among the four groups. There was no significant difference in mean FEV1, age, sex, or duration of symptoms among the four groups. There was no significant correlation between baseline FEV1 and the degree of @entity1224 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Grading severity and treatment requirements to control symptoms in @entity748 XXXX and their relationship with @entity1224 to @entity2710 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Airway hyperreactivity', 'airway hyperreactivity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The minimal cost algorithm ( @entity9623 ) commonly used for quantitative coronary arteriography has limitations in definition of complex lesion morphology. A gradient field transform (GFT) algorithm has been designed for the better analysis of complex lesions. We compared @entity9623 with GFT in angiograms of 125 @entity1 in the @entity583 with Novastan and @entity3479 ( @entity3834 ) trial. @entity8668 was rated as one (poor), two (good), or three (very good). While @entity9623 - and GFT-derived reference diameters (RDs) were similar, GFT yielded smaller @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) than @entity9623 by 0.22 +/- 0.31 mm (P < 0.01), and the difference between GFT- and @entity9623 -derived MLDs increased with decreasing @entity5562 . Mean percent diameter stenosis (% DS) was 9.1% +/- 11.1% greater by GFT (P < 0.001). @entity8668 in simple lesions was similar (not significantly different). However, in complex lesions GFT performed better (2.49 +/- 0.61 vs. 2.11 +/- 0.74; P < 0.05). Thus, GFT appears to improve analysis of complex lesions compared to @entity9623 . GFTs role in angiographic trials and clinical practice deserves further study.

title: Comparison of two different methods of quantitative coronary angiography in XXXX with acute coronary syndromes.

entities_list: @entity8668 :: ('MESH:D001882', 'Disease') :: ['Lesion border definition']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['minimal lumen diameter', 'MLD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore laypersons' understanding of individualized @entity5 risk estimates, and to identify conceptual problems that may limit this understanding. BACKGROUND: Risk prediction models are increasingly used to provide @entity1 with information about their individual risk of @entity5 and other diseases. However, laypersons may have difficulty understanding individualized risk information, because of conceptual as well as computational problems. DESIGN: A qualitative study was conducted using focus groups. Semi-structured interviews explored @entity1 ' understandings of the concept of risk, and their interpretations of a hypothetical individualized @entity14 risk estimate. SETTING AND @entity1 : Eight focus groups were conducted with 48 adults aged 50-74 years residing in two major US metropolitan areas. @entity1 had high school or greater education, some familiarity with information technology, and no personal or family history of @entity5 . RESULTS: Several important conceptual problems were identified. Most @entity1 thought of risk not as a neutral statistical concept, but as signifying danger and emotional threat, and viewed @entity5 risk in terms of concrete risk factors rather than mathematical probabilities. @entity1 had difficulty acknowledging uncertainty implicit to the concept of risk, and judging the numerical significance of individualized risk estimates. The most challenging conceptual problems related to conflict between subjective and objective understandings of risk, and difficulties translating aggregate-level objective risk estimates to the individual level. CONCLUSIONS: Several conceptual problems limit laypersons' understanding of individualized @entity5 risk information. These problems have implications for future research on health numeracy, and for the application of risk prediction models in clinical and public health settings.

title: Conceptual problems in laypersons' understanding of individualized XXXX risk: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11 are a common @entity1221 , and @entity463 ( @entity463 ), which has a poor prognosis, is the most lethal of all @entity11 . The overall survival of @entity463 @entity1 is only 12-14 months after diagnosis. With progress in the precision of personal medication, therapeutic options for various @entity5 have become gradually dependent on the molecular profiles of @entity1 . @entity463 is one of the @entity5 in which treatment response relies largely on the molecular characteristics of the @entity5 . Therefore, awareness of the genetic background of each @entity1 will help decision-making regarding the best treatment strategy to use. In this review, a novel molecular classification of @entity11 based on recent findings of their genetic characteristics is introduced. Representative molecular markers, such as @entity818 mutation, 1p19q co-deletion, @entity8724 promoter methylation and EGFRvIII amplification, are described. Furthermore, the development of non-coding RNAs and omics studies of @entity463 are briefly discussed. Finally, a novel concept for non-invasive detection that could facilitate both diagnosis and treatment monitoring is presented. There is no doubt that the use of molecular profiling by biomarkers will indeed improve the overall survival and quality of life of @entity463 @entity1 .

title: Progress in the application of molecular biomarkers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['adult central nervous system tumor']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4990 ( @entity4991 ) and @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) are lipid mediators that bind to G-protein-coupled receptors. In this study, signaling responses to 18:1 @entity4991 and @entity5596 were examined in parallel in three @entity1 @entity263 cell lines: PC-3, Du145, and LNCaP. METHODS: Receptor expression was assessed by RT-PCR, Northern blotting, and immunoblotting. Cellular responses to mediators were studied by proliferation assays, phosphoprotein immunoblotting, and phospholipid metabolism assays. RESULTS: All cell lines express mRNA for both @entity4991 and @entity5596 receptors. PC-3 and Du145, but not LNCaP, proliferate in response to @entity4991 and @entity5596 . Epidermal growth factor (EGF), @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), @entity4991 , and @entity5596 induce activation of Erks in PC-3 and Du145; only EGF and @entity4515 activate Erks in LNCaP. In Du145 and PC-3, @entity584 is activated by EGF, @entity4991 , and @entity5596 . @entity584 is constitutively active in LNCaP; EGF but not @entity4991 or @entity5596 stimulates further phosphorylation. @entity3818 is phosphorylated in response to both @entity4991 and @entity5596 in PC-3 and Du145, but not in LNCaP. @entity4991 and @entity5596 stimulate @entity16091 ( @entity16091 ) activity to varying extents in the different cell lines. Notably, both lipid mediators activate @entity16091 in LNCaP. In Du145, @entity4991 , but not @entity5596 , activates @entity16091 and enhances cellular production of @entity4991 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both @entity4991 and @entity5596 induce signal transduction in all @entity263 cell lines studied, a proliferation response is observed only when the @entity3963 , @entity584 , and @entity3818 pathways are activated. Other responses to the lipid mediators, such as @entity16091 activation, likely contribute to other cellular outcomes.

title: Signal transduction responses to XXXX and @entity5595 in @entity1 @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity4990 :: ('MESH:C032881', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity4990 :: (MESH:C032881,Chemical) :: ['lysophosphatidic acid']


abstract: Maintenance of cell homeostasis and regulation of cell proliferation depend importantly on regulating the process of protein synthesis. @entity66 states arise when disregulation of protein synthesis occurs. This review focuses on mechanisms of translational control and how disregulation results in cell malignancy. Most translational controls occur during the initiation phase of protein synthesis, with the initiation factors being the major target of regulation through their phosphorylation. In particular, the recruitment of mRNAs through the m   G-cap structure and the binding of the initiator @entity8163 -tRNA(i) are frequent targets. However, translation, especially of specific mRNAs, may also be regulated by sequestration into processing bodies or stress granules, by trans-acting proteins or by microRNAs. When the process of protein synthesis is hyper-activated, weak mRNAs are translated relatively more efficiently, leading to an imbalance of cellular proteins that promotes cell proliferation and malignant transformation. This occurs, for example, when the cap-binding protein, @entity4043 , is overexpressed, or when the @entity8163 -tRNA(i)-binding factor, @entity22476 , is too active. In addition, enhanced activity of @entity19601 contributes to oncogenesis. The importance of the translation initiation factors as regulators of protein synthesis and cell proliferation makes them potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Regulation of protein synthesis and the role of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Many disease']

entities_list: @entity8163 :: ('CHEBI:37902', 'Chemical') :: ['methionyl']

answer: @entity19601 :: (8661,Gene) :: ['eIF3']


abstract: AIMS: To compare acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary @entity137 for @entity1 positioned with an @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and @entity1 positioned with kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) during postoperative prostate radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1999 and April 2010, 196 @entity263 @entity1 were referred for postoperative salvage radiotherapy. @entity1 position was corrected using @entity1652 (1999 to December 2006, n=116) or CBCT (January 2007 to present, n=80). The treatment technique, number of beams, dose prescription, dose computation algorithm and planning target volume margins were not altered over time. Grade 1-3 acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary @entity137 were compared between the @entity1652 group and the CBCT group. RESULTS: The incidence of grade 1 and 2 genitourinary @entity137 was significantly reduced by 17 and 14%, respectively, in the CBCT group compared with the @entity1652 group (P<0.05). This was mainly attributed to a decrease in the following grade 1 symptoms: frequency (P<0.05), @entity2183 (P=0.06) and urgency (P=0.07). Grade 2 @entity322 (P=0.06) and frequency (P=0.06) were lower in the CBCT group. Grade 3 genitourinary @entity137 was comparably low ( @entity1652 3% versus CBCT 1%). There was no significant difference in gastrointestinal grade 1-2 @entity137 between both groups. No grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 positioning with CBCT significantly reduces acute genitourinary @entity137 compared with positioning with @entity1652 .

title: A comparison of the acute @entity137 profile between two-dimensional and three-dimensional image-guided radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['EPID', 'electronic portal imaging device']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['postoperative prostate cancer']


abstract: Angiogenesis is a critical step in a @entity5 's evolution toward malignancy and @entity3 . @entity5 cells acquire such a phenotype by their ability to secrete angiogenic factors such as @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ). @entity1611 receptors (VEGFRs) flt-1/ @entity9842 and @entity11132 / @entity11132 / @entity11132 are restricted to activated endothelial cells, with the highest expression being in the @entity5 vasculature. The present study was undertaken to target the VEGFRs. Targeted toxins were developed by recombinant methods by fusing @entity1655 or VEGF121 to the diphtheria toxin (DT) translocation and enzymatic domain (DT390- @entity1655 or DT390-VEGF121). Both fusion proteins were found to be highly toxic to proliferating endothelial cells but not to vascular smooth muscle cells. The fusion protein is also active in @entity2826 , a @entity5 type that expresses high levels of VEGFRs. These fusion proteins completely inhibit the basic fibroblast growth factor-induced growth of new blood vessels in the @entity1573 chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, the fusion toxin substantially retards the growth of @entity2826 in @entity19 . Because nearly all @entity5 induce local angiogenesis with high VEGFR expression, @entity1611 -derived toxins may have wide application in @entity5 therapy.

title: XXXX chimeric toxin is highly active against endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma", "Kaposi's sarcoma tumors"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'benign tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity1611 :: (22339(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: It has been demonstrated that the single most important factor in determining survival in @entity1 with @entity153 is the extent of spread of metastasis from the @entity75 . This explains the extensive efforts in developing accurate staging tests for @entity2 , both primary and metastatic, with special emphasis on the determination of pulmonary hilar and mediastinal spread of disease. Continued improvements in nuclear medicine instrumentation along with the development of @entity5 specific radiopharmaceuticals, as well as agents that have the capability of tracking @entity5 viability, have changed the orientation of scintigraphic techniques in the evaluation of @entity2 . @entity2719 scintigraphy is no longer considered as a primary imaging modality in the staging of @entity2 , and in most institutions has been replaced by computed tomography (CT) for this purpose. It has been demonstrated that @entity2719 , relative to other imaging modalities, is a sensitive indicator of hilar spread of @entity5 . However, because of the normally high background activity within the sternum and spine, mediastinal abnormalities are poorly detected. Since most @entity2 metastasize via regional nodes to the pulmonary hilum and then to the mediastinum, the high sensitivity for the detection of @entity358 and the high specificity for mediastinal lesion detection suggest that @entity2719 scintigraphy is a valuable adjunctive test when used appropriately. @entity3154 as a @entity5 agent is being studied by several institutions. Preliminary results indicate a high degree of sensitivity for the detection of pulmonary hilar and mediastinal lesions and there are early indications that @entity4214 is a promising agent to evaluate @entity5 viability. With the development of new generation monoclonal antibodies, the prospects for highly sensitive and specific agents for detecting hilar and mediastinal spread of @entity5 is extremely encouraging. CT and NMR have made major contributions to the noninvasive workup of @entity1 with @entity153 . Neither modality has been demonstrated to be accurate enough to adequately evaluate this @entity1 population. Thus, there is a critical need for new noninvasive tests that will accurately assess the status of the @entity1 so that appropriate therapy can be instituted.

title: The role of nuclear medicine in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tumors', 'pulmonary neoplastic processes']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hilar abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2719 :: ('MESH:D005708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallium', 'gallium']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary neoplastic processes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although some reports with computed tomography and bone scintigraphy are available in the literature, the distinct epidemiologic description of skeletal metastatic pattern of @entity5 is still lacking. This study uses a novel approach to identify skeletal @entity3 from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data to describe metastatic pattern in common @entity5 . A retrospective analysis of 130 @entity5 @entity1 (42 lung, 56 breast, 11 @entity263 ; 21 @entity1582 ) with vertebral @entity3 and without disseminated disease, and whom underwent a whole body 3Tesla MRI investigation (Discovery MR750w), was carried out. @entity1582 had the most commonly disseminated @entity3 (95  %) compared to lung (28  %), breast (44  %) and prostate (71  %) @entity5 . @entity2 was related to more frequent pedicle involvement compared to @entity0 (29, 9 and 0  %, p   <   0.05). @entity174 was mainly associated with @entity1582 (43  %). The prevalence of @entity2 @entity3 was more frequent in the lumbal spine (81  %), as well as particular in C7, D7, D8, D9 and L1, compared to @entity0 . Most differences among @entity5 were detected in the extravertebral osseous metastatic pattern (p   <   0.05). The highest frequency of extravertebral skeletal @entity3 was present in @entity1582 (28 to 76  %). Brain @entity3 was more frequent in @entity2 compared to @entity0 (35  % vs. 17  %, p   <   0.05). Significant differences in the skeletal metastatic pattern among common @entity5 were demonstrated with MRI.

title: Pattern of @entity5 Spread of Common Primary XXXX as Seen on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancers']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast or prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Pathologic fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['various tumors', 'tumors', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumours']


abstract: Respiratory inductive plethysmography (e.g., LifeShirt) may offer in-depth study of the cardiorespiratory responses during field exercise tests. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability, discriminate validity, and responsiveness of cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt during field exercise tests in adults with @entity1577 . To assess reliability and discriminate validity, @entity1 with @entity1577 and stable @entity358 and healthy @entity1 performed the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) on two occasions. To assess responsiveness, @entity1 with @entity1577 experiencing an exacerbation performed the 6MWT at the start and end of an admission for intravenous antibiotics. The LifeShirt was worn during all exercise tests. Reliability and discriminate validity were assessed in 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 (mean (SD) age: 26 (10) years; FEV1 %predicted: 69.2 (23)%) and 18 healthy @entity1 (age: 24 (5) years, FEV1 % predicted: 92 (8)%). There was no difference in 6MWT and @entity1062 performance between days and reliability of cardiorespiratory measures was acceptable (bias: P   >   0.05; CV   <   10%). @entity1 with @entity1577 demonstrated a significantly greater response to exercise (e.g., ventilation, respiratory rate) compared to healthy @entity1 indicating discriminate validity. @entity6372 was assessed in 12 @entity1 with @entity1577 : clinical measurements and 6MWT performance improved (61 (81)   min; P   <   0.05) however, cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt remained the same (bias: P   >   0.05; CV   <   10%). This study provides evidence that cardiorespiratory responses can be measured non-invasively during field exercise tests in adults with @entity1577 . Reliability and discriminate validity of key cardiorespiratory measurements recorded by the LifeShirt were demonstrated. Some information on responsiveness is reported.

title: Cardiorespiratory measurements during field tests in XXXX : use of an ambulatory monitoring system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['Responsiveness']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['MST', 'Modified Shuttle Test']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['CF']


abstract: @entity320 is considered unresponsive to conventional radiation therapy when it is delivered at a daily dose rate of 130--300 rad/fraction. Previous studies have suggested that this is in part due to a large shoulder on the radiation survival curve and that higher dose fractions might be beneficial. High-dose fraction therapy is effective for local control of cutaneous, lymph node, and soft-tissue metastases. Results in 46 @entity1 treated with high- or low-dose fractions for intracranial metastases over the last decade in the @entity320 Unit and Department of Radiotherapy at Yale have been examined. Twenty-six @entity1 received high-dose fraction therapy, generally 600 rad/fraction/week to 2400--3600 rad; 20 @entity1 received low-dose fraction radiotherapy with 125--400 rad/fraction daily. All @entity1 were given @entity230 , and most received chemotherapy. Results in both groups were similar. Comparison of high- and low-dose fraction @entity1 revealed: improvement in 38 and 35%, respectively, stability in 23 and 25%, and deterioration in 38 and 40%. Median survival was three months in the high-dose fraction group and 2 1/2 months in the low-dose fraction group. Presence of hepatic metastases had no significant influence upon median survival in @entity1 who received high-dose fraction radiotherapy. In @entity1 receiving low-dose fraction, survival was 2 1/4 months with and three months without hepatic metastases. @entity204 in most @entity1 resulted from progression of @entity6220 . Side effects, especially @entity10 , were more prominent in the high-dose fraction group. However, in no instance did side effects require discontinuation of therapy. The greater ease of delivery for weekly high-dose fraction radiotherapy outweighed any other difference between the regimens.

title: High-dose fraction radiation therapy for intracranial metastases of malignant XXXX : a comparison with low-dose fraction therapy.

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: AIMS: Metaplastic changes secondary to @entity32 at the gastro-oesophageal junction and at the pyloric antrum are recognized as the premalignant conditions of Barrett's @entity420 and @entity356 (GC), respectively. @entity10464 ( @entity10464 ) and @entity2247 have been proved to play critical @entity32 as well as in @entity5 . The aim was to examine the meaning of their expression in @entity32 -related @entity105 . METHODS AND RESULTS: First, expression of @entity10464 and @entity2247 in 78 clinical tissues of @entity355 was examined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Their expression was increased during the @entity4648 sequence with increased neovascularization. Successively, their expression in @entity355 was compared with that of GC (22 cases of diffuse-type and 10 of intestinal-type). Interestingly, the expression pattern in @entity355 was similar to that in intestinal-type GC, which mainly arises from @entity32 . Furthermore, cultured cell lines isolated from differentiated GC tissues, which are often found to be of intestinal-type, revealed up-regulated mRNA expression of @entity10464 and @entity2247 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity10464 and @entity2247 are preferentially up-regulated in @entity355 and intestinal-type GC. These molecules may play an important role during the development of @entity32 -related @entity420 of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

title: Preferential up-regulation of XXXX and cyclooxygenase-2 in @entity105 of @entity355 and @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'roles in inflammation']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's oesophagus", "Barrett's dysplasia"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia-dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal-type gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity10464 :: (10855,Gene) :: ['heparanase']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ureteroscopy has become an effective and safe procedure for treatment of @entity1607 . Formation of strictures are considered long-term complications with a low incidence. This report focuses on the incidence of strictures in cases of calculi pushed or flushed retroperitoneally alongside the ureter because of iatrogenic ureteral perforation. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity1608 caused by ureteroscopic perforation were observed. An excretory urogram was performed after a mean of 22.5 months, with a range of 9 to 54 months. In all @entity1 , a stent was placed for 3 to 41 days (mean, 13.5 days) and antibiotics were administered between 3 and 5 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Only 1 @entity1 of 15 with a short stricture of the distal ureter was observed. The stricture was successfully treated by endoscopic ureterotomy, @entity384 , and transient placement of a ureteral stent. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1608 caused by ureteral perforation are a minor complication of ureteroscopy, which rarely lead to formation of strictures. Removal of @entity1608 by enhanced endoscopic procedures or open surgery is not required.

title: XXXX caused by ureteroscopic perforation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1607 :: ('MESH:D014514', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral calculi']

entities_list: @entity1608 :: ('MESH:D002137', 'Disease') :: ['Paraureteral calculi', 'paraureteral calculi']

answer: @entity1608 :: (MESH:D002137,Disease) :: ['Paraureteral calculi']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity281 in @entity1577 requires treatment with intravenous antibiotics for several weeks usually in hospital, affecting health costs and quality of life for @entity1 and their families. This is an update of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether home intravenous antibiotic therapy in @entity1577 is as effective as inpatient intravenous antibiotic therapy and if it is preferred by individuals or families or both. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane @entity1577 and @entity74 Group Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings.Most recent search of the Group's Trials Register: 23 November 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized and quasi-randomized controlled studies of intravenous antibiotic treatment for adults and @entity1 with @entity1577 at home compared to in hospital. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The authors independently selected studies for inclusion in the review, assessed methodological quality of each study and extracted data using a standardised form. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen studies were identified by the searches. Only one study could be included which reported results from 17 @entity1 aged 10 to 41 years with an infective exacerbation of @entity796 . All their 31 admissions (18 hospital and 13 at home after two to four days of hospital treatment) were analysed as independent events. Outcomes were measured at 0, 10 and 21 days after initiation of treatment. Home @entity1 underwent fewer investigations than hospital @entity1 (P < 0.002) and general activity was higher in the home group. No significant differences were found for clinical outcomes, adverse events, complications or change of intravenous lines,or time to next admission. Home @entity1 received less low-dose home maintenance antibiotic.Quality of life measures showed no significant differences for dyspnoea and emotional state, but fatigue and mastery were worse for home @entity1 , possibly due to a higher general activity and need of support. Personal, family, sleeping and eating disruptions were less important for home than hospital admissions.Home therapy was cheaper for families and the hospital. Indirect costs were not determined. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence is restricted to a single randomized clinical trial. It suggests that, in the short term, home therapy does not harm individuals, entails fewer investigations, reduces social disruptions and can be cost-effective. There were both advantages and disadvantages in terms of quality of life. The decision to attempt home treatment should be based on the individual situation and appropriate local resources. More research is urgently required.

title: Home versus hospital intravenous antibiotic therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial infection']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis', 'Cystic Fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: 1. Ion balance, intestinal ion transport in vivo with luminal Ringer, and direct voltage clamping in vivo with luminal Ringer and @entity1372 -free @entity1877 -Ringer were studied in young (40 days old) and adult (120 days old) spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and age-matched normotensive controls ( @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , WKY). 2. Faecal @entity1372 output was significantly higher in SHR compared with WKY in both young (+67%) and adult (+43%) @entity35 . 3. Small-intestinal @entity1372 absorption was equal in young SHR and WKY, but significantly greater net @entity1372 absorption was found in the ileum of adult SHR. In contrast, net @entity1372 absorption was reduced from the colon of both young and adult SHR. 4. In adult SHR, the colonic transepithelial short-circuit current (Isc) and the transepithelial potential difference (PD) were significantly higher, whereas the transepithelial membrane resistance (Rm) was significantly lower than in WKY. There was an identical drop in Isc in both strains when luminal @entity1372 was replaced by @entity1877 . These data cannot be explained by increased electrogenic cation ( @entity1372 ) absorption in the SHR, but would favour @entity2865 secretion. 5. It is suggested that in SHR membrane electrolyte transport abnormalities may also be present in the epithelial cells of the small and large intestine, as have been demonstrated already in blood cells by several investigators. The SHR may become an interesting experimental animal model for the study of generalized ion transport disorders.

title: Intestinal ion transport in @entity35 with spontaneous arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Lymphatic invasion and nodal @entity3 are predictors of shorter disease-free and overall survival in @entity2622 . The monoclonal antibody D2-40, which reacts with the oncofetal membrane antigen M2A, is a new selective marker for lymphatic endothelium, and has been shown to be useful in identifying the presence of lymphatic invasion in various @entity5 , including @entity2622 . However, the reactivity of the @entity5 cells with D2-40 has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we examined the pattern of D2-40 immunoreactivity in a series of 138 invasive @entity957 of the uterine cervix. We correlated the presence and extent of D2-40 immunoreactivity in the @entity5 cells with various clinicopathologic features, the presence of lymphatic invasion, lymph node @entity3 and outcome. Diffuse or focal D2-40 immunoreactivity was present in 17 (12%) and 81 (59%) @entity5 , respectively, while 40 (29%) @entity5 showed no immunoreactivity. Lymphatic invasion and nodal @entity3 were present in 56 and 29% of @entity5 , respectively. Tumor emboli within lymphatic spaces and metastatic @entity5 foci in lymph nodes showed no immunoreactivity in 86 and 80% of the cases, respectively. Lymphatic invasion and nodal @entity3 were significantly more common in @entity5 showing low D2-40 immunoreactivity (P<0.0001 and 0.022, respectively). D2-40 immunoreactivity showed no correlation with any other clinicopathologic features examined, including @entity5 size, grade and FIGO stage. In univariate analysis low D2-40 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with shorter recurrence-free, but not with overall survival. Our studies suggest that D2-40 immunostaining may serve as a marker for increased risk of lymphatic invasion and @entity5 recurrence in cervical biopsy material. Further study of the biological function of the M2A antigen may shed some light on the interaction of @entity5 cells with lymphatics.

title: Low D2-40 immunoreactivity correlates with lymphatic invasion and nodal XXXX in early-stage squamous cell @entity2622 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the uterine cervix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 21 Background: Idiopathic @entity10516 (IGM) is an uncommon benign inflammatory breast disease of unknown etiology that may mimic @entity5 , @entity166 , or autoimmune conditions requiring a diagnosis of exclusion. Because the differential diagnosis includes benign as well as @entity5 , an organized approach to the diagnosis and its symptom management is needed. Treatment may include @entity288 , immunosuppression, or in severe refractory cases, surgery. METHODS: This IRB-approved single tertiary referral center study was performed to better characterize the presentation, risk factors, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for IGM. All @entity1 identified in a pathology database with a biopsy consistent with IGM were studied. Data collected included demographics, duration and quality of symptoms, imaging results, microbiology, pathology, systemic and surgical therapies, and outcomes. RESULTS: Between 2006 and 2014, 16 eligible @entity1 were identified. @entity1 with a prior history of IGM, @entity5 , or other @entity738 were excluded. Twelve @entity1 were evaluable, and four @entity1 were excluded due to insufficient records. The mean age was 31.9 years (23 to 54) with 50% of @entity1 black and 25% Hispanic. Pregnancy occurred within 5 years of biopsy in 67% of @entity1 . The most common presenting symptom was mass (83%) with focal @entity158 (75%), and the mean duration of symptoms was 5.1 months (0.5 to 16). All microbial cultures were negative. Following diagnosis, systemic treatment included antibiotics (58%), @entity288 (25%), and @entity1499 (17%). Due to refractory symptoms and @entity137 despite @entity230 and @entity1499 , surgical intervention was necessary in 67%. Partial mastectomy was performed in 50% and total mastectomy in 17%, with one @entity1 requesting mastectomy for palliation. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, IGM is difficult to diagnose and manage, and an accurate diagnosis must exclude @entity5 and other granulomatous processes. Despite the benign nature of the disease, surgical intervention may be required. Systemic treatment with @entity288 and @entity1499 may decrease the need for surgical intervention.

title: Refractory XXXX of breast: Benign or @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity10516 :: ('MESH:D058890', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous mastitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['granulomas']


abstract: 1. Principal cells in the medial superior olive (MSO) receive low-frequency information from both ears via left and right cochlear nuclei. In vivo extracellular records suggest that some MSO neurons respond optimally only when the binaural acoustic signal has a precise interaural delay. Thus MSO cells, in particular principal cells, are thought to be the first stage in the processing of interaural time difference cues that provides information as to the location of a low-frequency sound in space. 2. Despite this proposed fundamental role for the MSO, certain features of this nucleus make in vivo recordings from any cell type here very difficult to obtain. Only a small number of extracellular records and no intracellular recordings are reported in the literature. Using sharp, @entity11480 -filled glass electrodes to record intracellularly from cells in an in vitro brain slice of the @entity840 superior olivary complex, I have begun to assess the anatomic and physiological features of cells in the MSO that might be relevant to such a functional role in vivo. 3. Two basic MSO cell types, designated principal and nonprincipal, could be distinguished on the basis of certain anatomic and physiological differences. 4. Labeled principal cell bodies were located at all dorsoventral location within the MSO. Labeled nonprincipal cells were located in or around the dorsal aspects of the nucleus. Principal cells typically had @entity162 (1 directed medially, 1 laterally) that did not taper or branch significantly except at their terminations. Nonprincipal cells were multipolar with three to nine thinner primary dendrites that did not branch preferentially in a mediolateral direction. Principal cell axons gave off collaterals terminating in and around the dorsal MSO. Nonprincipal cells also had axon in and around the dorsal MSO. Nonprincipal cells also had axon collateral branches innervating dorsal MSO, but these axons could branch more extensively and project further down the dorsoventral aspect of the nucleus. 5. Principal cells typically responded to depolarizing current pulses with one or a few spikes at current onset. When bathed in saline containing @entity973 ( @entity974 ), they fired repetitively to the same depolarizing current pulses. This would indicate a depolarization-induced nonlinearity similar to that seen in principal cell types of two other auditory brain stem nuclei, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Nonprincipal cells normally fired repetitively to depolarizing current pulses even close to spike threshold. Both cell types could show a sag in the membrane potential to hyperpolarizing current pulses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Structural and functional differences distinguish principal from nonprincipal cells in the XXXX MSO slice.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['thick bipolar dendrites']

entities_list: @entity11480 :: ('MESH:C070614', 'Chemical') :: ['neurobiotin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several indicators suggest that @entity5419 in @entity1 is common and possibly increasing. Few studies have used oral food challenge to measure this phenomenon at the population level. OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of common IgE-mediated childhood @entity5419 in a population-based sample of 12-month-old @entity1 by using predetermined food challenge criteria to measure outcomes. METHODS: A sampling frame was used to select recruitment areas to attain a representative population base. Recruitment occurred at childhood immunization sessions in Melbourne, Australia. @entity1 underwent skin prick testing, and those with any sensitization (wheal size >=  1 mm) to 1 or more foods (raw egg, peanut, @entity5420 , shellfish, or @entity291 's milk) were invited to attend an @entity566 research clinic. Those who registered a wheal size >=  1 mm to raw egg, peanut, or @entity5420 underwent oral food challenge. RESULTS: Amongst 2848 @entity1 (73% participation rate), the prevalence of any sensitization to peanut was 8.9% (95% CI, 7.9-10.0); raw egg white, 16.5% (95% CI, 15.1-17.9); @entity5420 , 2.5% (95% CI, 2.0-3.1); @entity291 's milk, 5.6% (95% CI, 3.2-8.0); and shellfish, 0.9% (95% CI, 0.6-1.5). The prevalence of challenge-proven peanut @entity566 was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4-3.8); raw egg @entity566 , 8.9% (95% CI, 7.8-10.0); and @entity5420 @entity566 , 0.8% (95% CI, 0.5-1.1). Oral food challenges to @entity291 's milk and shellfish were not performed. Of those with raw egg @entity566 , 80.3% could tolerate baked egg. CONCLUSION: More than 10% of 1-year-old @entity1 had challenge-proven IgE-mediated @entity5419 to one of the common allergenic foods of infancy. The high prevalence of @entity56 in Australia requires further investigation and may be related to modifiable environmental factors.

title: Prevalence of challenge-proven IgE-mediated XXXX using population-based sampling and predetermined challenge criteria in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy', 'food allergies']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: Plasma lipids and VLDL and HDL composition were studied in a control group of 20 non @entity6 subjects and in 31 male middle-age @entity1 with @entity2175 treated by oral hypoglycemic agent @entity5217 and a weight maintaining diet. Data for the @entity6 were separated based on haemoglobin A1c of less or greater than 7%. VLDL composition abnormalities were more frequent in the @entity6 @entity1 with @entity4051 c of > 7%. VLDL- @entity165 , VLDL- @entity1674 and VLDL-phospholipids were high in all @entity6 whereas VLDL-apo B increased only in @entity6 with HbA1c > 7%. @entity8623 and @entity12436 levels and also @entity8623 / @entity12436 ratio were also reduced in the @entity6 @entity1 with HbA1c levels of more than 7%. Increases in the @entity2204 and @entity2204 /apo C ratio were also seen in the more @entity1602 @entity6 with HbA1c levels > 7%. In contrast @entity8623 and @entity12436 levels and also @entity8623 / @entity12436 ratio remained unaltered in @entity6 @entity1 with less than 7% HbA1c levels. In these @entity1 increases in the @entity2204 levels were found while the @entity2204 /apo C ratio remained unaltered. All @entity6 @entity1 showed increases in HDL- @entity1674 and @entity412 /total @entity165 ratio with respect to control. Decreases in HDL-apo AI were also seen in both groups of @entity6 , but the HDL-apo AI/HDL-apo AII ratio did not differ from control.

title: Relation of abnormal composition of lipoproteins to HbA1c levels in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the efficacy of surgery on the postoperative control of @entity302 in @entity1 operated for @entity1313 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 operated for supratentoriel @entity5 with @entity302 , at @entity1052 ( @entity1052 ) hospital center, between 1983 and 2005, were included in this study. Clinical, paraclinical and surgical information were collected. The extent of the @entity5 resection was based on the postoperative MRI results. RESULTS: The mean duration of the follow-up was 52 +/- 6 months (from 6 months to 10 years). 62.5% of our @entity1 have had acute @entity410 (< 1 year) and 37% had experienced chronic @entity410 (> or = 1 year). The histopathologic exam revealed 2 DNET, 3 @entity816 , 2 diffuse @entity816 , 6 A @entity3271 , 7 B @entity3271 , 7 anaplastic @entity816 and @entity463 and 13 @entity1653 . Twenty-two @entity1 had a complete resection, whereas the postoperative MRI of 18 @entity1 have shown a tumoral remnant. After one year of follow-up, a complete remission was noted in 57.5% of the @entity1 (Engel I). The prognostic factors of good outcome were: low-grade @entity5 (I +/- II), @entity1653 , and complete @entity5 resection. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of surgery for @entity302 associated to @entity5 , established by the majority of articles, matched the results obtained for the @entity1 operated at @entity1052 , with complete @entity410 control in 57.5% of @entity1 . This control depended essentially on the extent of @entity5 resection and on @entity5 's nature.

title: [ @entity1313 and XXXX : postoperative evaluation of surgical procedures].

entities_list: @entity1052 :: ('MESH:D005862', 'Disease') :: ['Hotel-Dieu de France', 'HDF']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glial tumors', 'tumor', 'cerebral tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendrogliomas']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effects on behavior and sleep of @entity2727 ( @entity7541 ) administered at 4 PM to @entity1 with @entity71 ( @entity71 ). METHODOLOGY: Twelve @entity1 admitted to a @entity1 @entity146 inpatient service with @entity71 participated in a double-blind, crossover study in which they received a 4 PM dose of either 15 mg of @entity7541 , 10 mg of @entity7541 , or a placebo in random order for 12 consecutive days. Ratings of behavior, including @entity71 symptoms, pertaining to the period from dose administration until sleep onset, were supplied nightly by hospital staff. Sleep latency and sleep adequacy were also assessed for each night. RESULTS: @entity7541 resulted in markedly improved behavioral control compared with placebo; there was no difference between 15-mg and 10-mg @entity7541 doses. @entity7541 did not alter sleep latencies observed with the placebo. @entity1 were more often rated as less tired on awakening after nights that they received 10 mg of @entity7541 compared with 15 mg of @entity7541 and the placebo. Weight loss was apparent among 83% of the @entity1 , but dinner intake did not vary with third-dose condition. CONCLUSIONS: Morning and noon administration of stimulants to @entity1 with @entity71 is a near-universal practice, but many clinicians avoid a third, late-afternoon administration for fear of inducing @entity22 . This study's findings show that @entity1 with @entity71 derive substantial symptom reduction from @entity7541 administered in late afternoon, with no untoward effects on sleep. Therefore, three-times-a-day dosing should be considered for those @entity1 exhibiting @entity71 symptoms in the evening. Adverse effects on sleep latency were not apparent in the sample overall. Nonetheless, monitoring for possible aggravation of @entity25 and @entity353 remains sound treatment practice.

title: Effects of late-afternoon @entity2727 administration on behavior and sleep in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: 1. Fever and @entity491 are occasionally observed in @entity1 with @entity146 . A thorough medical evaluation does not always reveal the origin of these abnormalities. 2. We report the case histories of three @entity1 with @entity162 and an abnormal DST who had @entity221 and @entity491 during the acute phase of their illness. No organic etiology could be found. 3. All three @entity1 responded to ECT with resolution of the @entity308 , and normalization of the DST. 4. We propose that @entity221 and @entity491 may be rare physical manifestations of @entity162 , particularly in @entity1 with abnormal DST.

title: Fever and @entity491 : physical manifestations of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression, the fever, and the leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar affective disorder']


abstract: We report 10 cases of @entity24516 due to @entity16254 in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) recipients who were treated with @entity19525 . All @entity1 presented with afebrile subacute @entity294 (median of 2 weeks), associated with abdominal cramps (n = 5), and @entity353 (n = 6), a mean of 68 months after @entity8 . The diagnosis was made by the identification of microsporidial spores in stools with the use of appropriate staining and confirmed by a specific polymerase chain reaction assay for @entity16254 in 7 @entity1 . Median CD4 cell count was 292 cells/mm(3). All @entity1 received a median of 14 days of oral @entity19525 (20 mg tid), and four @entity1 also discontinued or tapered their immunosuppressive regimen ( @entity618 in 3, and @entity500 in 2). Clinical symptoms resolved rapidly with the clearance of microsporidial spores from stools in all @entity1 . A severe but reversible @entity882 was observed in one @entity1 during @entity19525 therapy, and another @entity1 presented with abdominal cramps. Trough levels of @entity1140 measured in seven @entity1 dropped below 5 ng/mL in six of them after 7-14 days of @entity19525 . @entity24516 can cause subacute @entity294 in @entity8 recipients. @entity19525 is an effective treatment with an acceptable safety profile, but monitoring of @entity1140 levels is warranted.

title: XXXX for treatment of @entity24516 in @entity8 recipients.

entities_list: @entity16254 :: ('31281', 'Species') :: ['E. bieneusi', 'Enterocytozoon bieneusi']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal microsporidiosis', 'intestinal microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity19525 :: ('MESH:C026211', 'Chemical') :: ['fumagillin', 'Fumagillin']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity19525 :: (MESH:C026211,Chemical) :: ['Fumagillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review evidence for the use of intrathecal rituximab and trastuzumab in the management of @entity3909 . DATA SOURCES: A search of MEDLINE (1966-July 2010) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-July 2010) was performed using search terms intrathecal, trastuzumab, rituximab, and monoclonal antibody. Additionally, American Society of Clinical Oncology, San Antonio Breast Conference, American Association for @entity5 Research, and American Society of Hematology meeting abstracts were searched. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Publications were reviewed for inclusion. Those reporting use of rituximab and trastuzumab intrathecally are reviewed and include 1 Phase 1 trial, 2 small prospective studies, 1 case series, and 15 case reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: The treatment of @entity3909 is challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Numerous systemically administered therapies do not readily penetrate into the site of @entity66 and have been ineffective. Intrathecal administration of 2 monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab and rituximab) has been investigated in case reports and case series. Additionally, intrathecal rituximab has been investigated in a Phase 1 study. Survival after intrathecal trastuzumab ranged from 39 days to greater than 72 months and the drug was well tolerated, with no adverse events attributed to it. Doses used in these reports ranged from 5 to 100 mg. Survival after intrathecal rituximab ranged from 1.1 weeks to greater than 3.5 years. In the Phase 1 trial, the maximum tolerated rituximab dose was 25 mg and 60% of @entity1 responded. Four of the 6 responding @entity1 experienced a complete response. Intrathecal rituximab exhibited minor @entity137 that resolved quickly without long-term effects. CONCLUSIONS: Reports suggest that both trastuzumab and rituximab may be utilized intrathecally. @entity1 with @entity3909 may benefit from a trial of intrathecal trastuzumab or rituximab; however, their use remains investigational, as more data and experience are necessary before intrathecal administration can be considered standard.

title: Role of intrathecal rituximab and trastuzumab in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis', 'refractory leptomeningeal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity3909 :: (MESH:D055756,Disease) :: ['leptomeningeal carcinomatosis']


abstract: Twenty-five @entity1 from the literature and two additional @entity1 with @entity978 and @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) are reviewed. In 22 @entity1 the @entity3039 occurred after the @entity978 was treated. In nine of these @entity1 , the @entity978 . In one @entity1 , @entity3039 preceded @entity978 by one year. Seven of 26 @entity1 achieved complete remission of the @entity3039 with @entity229 . In each of these @entity1 the @entity978 was in complete remission, and each had a previous splenectomy. Seven of 14 @entity1 achieved complete remission of the @entity3039 after splenectomy. Four of these @entity1 had active @entity978 . Of the 27 @entity1 , 14 were in remission of the @entity978 at the time of @entity3039 . To date, relapse of the @entity978 had occurred in only one @entity1 . Lymphadenopathy in five of these @entity1 proved to be benign hyperplasia on biopsy. In addition to the association with @entity978 , review of @entity3039 cases at Upstate Medical Center and a recent report in the literature indicate that there may be a general association between @entity3039 and @entity5 .

title: @entity3039 and XXXX : report of two cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin's disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: An investigation of the field size effect for the cervical spinal cord of the @entity1707 after single doses of gamma-rays. In this study, clinically relevant volumes of the spinal cord were irradiated. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The effects of the local irradiation of different lengths of the spinal cord (2.5 cm, 5.0 cm, and 10.0 cm) have been evaluated in mature @entity1707 (37-43 weeks). Single doses of 25-31 Gy were given using a 60Co gamma-source, at a dose rate of 0.21-0.30 Gy/min. The incidence of radiation-induced @entity912 was used as the endpoint. The data were analyzed using probit analysis and a normal tissue complication probability (NTCP)-model. RESULTS: Twenty-five animals out of a total of 53 developed @entity912 , with histological evidence of parenchymal and vascular changes in their white matter. The slope of the dose-response curves decreased with the decrease in field size; however, there was no significant difference at the radiation dose associated with a 50% incidence of @entity912 (ED50) irrespective of the method of analysis. The ED50 values +/- standard errors (+/- SE) were 27.02 +/- 0.36 Gy, 27.68 +/- 0.57 Gy, and 28.28 +/- 0.78 Gy for field lengths of 10, 5, and 2.5 cm, respectively. Analysis of the data with a normal tissue complication probability (NCTP) model gave similar results. The latent period for @entity912 was 7.5-16.5 weeks with no significant differences between dose and field size. CONCLUSION: No significant field size-related differences in response were detectable in the cervical spinal cord of mature @entity1707 after single dose irradiations, specifically at a clinically relevant level of effect (< ED10).

title: The radiation response of the cervical spinal cord of the XXXX : effects of changing the irradiated volume.

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: @entity2333 was attempted in six consecutive adolescents and young adults, (mean age 18 +/- 5 years), with severe @entity15202 . Peak systolic aortic valve gradient measurement and aortography was performed before and immediately after valvotomy, and a 1-6 months follow-up. The single-balloon technique was used in two @entity1 and the double-balloon technique in four @entity1 . After balloon valvotomy the mean peak systolic aortic valve gradient ( @entity15203 ) decreased from 122 +/- 53 to 43 +/- 20 mmHg (P less than 0.01). The haemodynamic improvement persisted at follow-up ( @entity15203 = 47 +/- 31 mmHg), except in one @entity1 who had previously undergone aortic surgical valvotomy. @entity661 was unsuccessful, presumably because of the selection of an inappropriately small balloon. Two @entity1 with @entity472 ( @entity15203 greater than 165 mmHg), who exhibited a thick aortic valve on echocardiography with a relatively small aortic root and annulus, had a dramatic reduction in @entity15203 . However, the degree of @entity337 increased significantly in both cases. The theoretical haemodynamic advantage of the double versus the single balloon techniques was confirmed in one @entity1 . We have demonstrated that percutaneous balloon aortic valvotomy using either the single- or double-balloon technique is feasible in young adults with severe @entity472 . Further studies are required both to define appropriate @entity1 and the selection of balloon diameter and length.

title: Percutaneous single- and double-balloon aortic valvotomy in adolescents and young adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15202 :: ('MESH:C535576', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic valvular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['One balloon valvotomy']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Percutaneous balloon aortic valvotomy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic stenosis', 'critical aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']


abstract: Mining of @entity4576 ( @entity4576 ) expressed sequence tag databases identified seven new novel immune type receptors (IpNITRs). These differed in sequence, but not structure, from previously described IpNITR1-11. IpNITR12a, 12b, 13, and 14 encode proteins containing a single variable (V)-like immunoglobulin (Ig) domain. IpNITR12a and 13 encode a transmembrane (TM) region and cytoplasmic tail (CYT) containing immunoreceptor @entity669 inhibition motifs (ITIMs). IpNITR14 contains a TM and short CYT devoid of signaling motifs and is similar in structure to @entity10103 . IpNITR12b lacks a TM and may represent an IpNITR12a splice variant. In contrast, IpNITR15a, 15b, and 16 encode two Ig domains (V-like domain 1 and V/C2-like domain 2). IpNITR15a and 15b contain TM and @entity10104 with ITIMs. IpNITR16 appears to be a secreted form. The first V-like domains of IpNITR12-16 (except a/b pairs) share 17-32% @entity535 identity with each other and with V domains of IpNITR1-11. They therefore represent five additional IpNITR V families (defined as possessing 70% or more @entity535 identity). The V/C2 domains of IpNITR15a, 15b and 16 have 94-98% @entity535 identity, but share 37-50% @entity535 identity with corresponding V/C2 domains found in IpNITR1-4. Phylogenetic analyses indicate IpNITR12-16 are more closely related to other teleost NITRs than to IpNITR1-11. Gene mapping indicates that IpNITRs are linked, and members of the ten known IpNITR families are interspersed. IpNITR12-16 are differentially expressed in various catfish immune-type cells and preferentially up regulated in peripheral blood leukocytes by allogeneic stimulation.

title: Characterization of additional novel immune type receptors in @entity4576 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4576 :: ('7998', 'Species') :: ['Ictalurus punctatus', 'channel catfish']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity4576 :: (7998,Species) :: ['Ictalurus punctatus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some of the most difficult problems to solve in a postburn breast are the correction of the @entity0 , contour, and projection deformity, which are often associated with an anterior trunk scar. The aim of this study was to describe our experiences of postburn breast reconstruction by the island latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous @entity1912 (LDMCF). METHOD: Operative procedures were planned after measuring the volume, dimensions, sternal notch-to-nipple distance, deviation, asymmetry, contour, and projection. Scar contracture release was carried out and complete muscle elevation was performed in all @entity1 . The size of the skin paddle depended on the @entity942 . Afterward, LDMCF was transferred by a subcutaneous tunneling, and the muscle was sutured in retroglandular, inferomedial, and inferolateral ways to shape the @entity5085 ( @entity5085 ) contour, breast mound, and projection. The skin of the @entity1912 was trimmed to match the @entity942 . RESULT: A total of 9 burned @entity1 (11 breasts), who had burnt anterior trunks due to scalds and flame, entered the study. They were reconstructed by LDMCF. The @entity1 achieved breast contour (re-creating the @entity5085 ), projection, and breast mound increase. The means of breast mound and projection increase were about 140 mL and 2.5 cm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the method used for reconstructing the burned breast depends on the @entity1 's clinical presentation. For the @entity1 with anterior trunk scar who have @entity0 , @entity5085 , and projection deformity, LDMCF is one of the best options of reconstruction.

title: Re-creation of the Inframammary Fold, Breast Mound, and Projection by the Latissimus Dorsi Musculocutaneous XXXX in Burned Breasts.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast mound deficiency']

entities_list: @entity5085 :: ('MESH:D057165', 'Disease') :: ['inframammary fold', 'IMF']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['envelope deficiency']

answer: @entity1912 :: (241,Gene) :: ['Flap']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Open radical retropubic prostatectomies (RRP) have been abandoned after previous @entity169 ( @entity169 ) with mesh, which can be a relative contraindication to open RRP. Radiation therapy and radical perineal prostatectomy are alternative treatment options for @entity263 when faced with this dilemma. Our objective is to report our experience with open RRP after @entity169 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2000 to December 2007 of all open RRP executed by a single surgeon (F.F.M.) with prior @entity169 . All information on @entity169 , including laterality and its effect on pelvic lymphadenectomy (LAD), were analyzed. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 949 @entity1 who underwent RRP performed by this surgeon, a cohort of 21 @entity1 had prior @entity169 (a total of 29 IHR: 13 unilateral and 8 bilateral). The mean age and PSA were 61.0 years and 5.8 ng/mL, respectively. Of the @entity1 , 18 and 3 @entity1 presented with T1c and T2a clinical stage, respectively. Preoperatively 18 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 , and 1 @entity1 had a Gleason score of 6, 3+4, and 8, respectively. All RRP subsequent to @entity169 were successful with minimal complications. A total of 4, 4, 11, and 2 @entity1 had stage pT2a, pT2b, pT2c, and pT3a, respectively. Fifteen @entity1 (71%) had either unilateral (4 @entity1 ) or bilateral (11) LAD (all pN0), whereas 6 @entity1 had no LAD because of severe pelvic scaring. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience demonstrates that open RRP after @entity169 with mesh can typically be performed with minimal risks and in carefully selected @entity1 for best outcomes, but LAD might be compromised.

title: Impact of XXXX mesh on open radical retropubic prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['LIHR', 'laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: We report seven @entity1 with @entity6275 , an uncommon childhood disease of unknown etiology. These @entity1 presented with insidious onset of @entity158 at one or more sites associated with erythema, @entity4 and @entity925 . Scintigraphy and radiography were consistent with @entity4034 at multiple sites. Bone biopsies confirmed @entity4034 but no organisms were consistently isolated. During a 1- to 3-year follow-up, most @entity1 developed new symptomatic lesions. The disease was unaffected by antimicrobial therapy. Two of our @entity1 had @entity1569 and all were rheumatoid factor-, antinuclear factor- and HLA-B27-negative. We speculate that chronic recurrent @entity4034 is a noninfectious inflammatory condition, a seronegative @entity5145 . @entity6275 is a clinical entity that should be recognized so that invasive diagnostic procedures and antimicrobial therapy are appropriately used. The @entity1 may be reassured that this is not a malignant condition although there may be exacerbations over many years.

title: XXXX : a noninfectious inflammatory process.

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis', 'Chronic recurrent osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis']


abstract: An incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) commonly used in experimental @entity5 vaccines has recently been reformulated. Oleic acid used in the surfactant was purified from a vegetable source (olives, IFA-VG) rather than an animal source (beef tallow, IFA-AN). To provide an insight into the adjuvant properties of the new formulation, we reviewed T-cell responses, by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, to multipeptide vaccines in 2 sequential clinical trials that spanned this transition of adjuvants. Analyses included 194 @entity1 who received either IFA-AN or IFA-VG for all vaccines, and a subset of 93 @entity1 best matched by study arm for vaccine antigens (12 @entity320 peptides restricted by major histocompatibility complex class I, 12MP; plus a @entity116 helper peptide, tet) administered with IFA but without @entity2841 . @entity32 was observed at vaccine sites clinically for almost all @entity1 , even including ulceration in a subset with each IFA formulation. @entity405 T-cell response rates to the 12 @entity320 peptides were 53% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44%, 61%)] for IFA-AN and 46% [95% CI, 32%, 59%)] for IFA-VG. In the 93 @entity1 subset, these rates were 73% [95% CI, 61%, 83%)] and 70% [95% CI, 47%, 87%)], respectively. @entity404 T-cell responses to @entity116 helper peptide were identified in 94% [95% CI, 86%, 98%)] and 96% [95% CI, 78%, 100%)], respectively. Responses to individual human @entity4107 , A2, and DR associated peptides were largely preserved, but reactivity trended lower for some HLA-A3 associated peptides. Despite the necessarily retrospective nature of the analysis and limitations of multiple comparisons, our summary data support the use of IFA-VG as an adjuvant with multipeptide vaccines in @entity320 @entity1 .

title: Immunogenicity for @entity405 + and @entity404 + T cells of 2 formulations of an incomplete freund's adjuvant for multipeptide XXXX vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A1']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: To reveal the presence of atherogenic potential in the blood serum obtained from @entity1 with angiographically assessed @entity453 we used primary cultures of subendothelial cells isolated by collagenase from unaffected @entity1 aortic intima. Earlier, we have demonstrated that such cultures are made up mostly of typical and modified smooth muscle cells. Within 24 hours of cultivation with a 40% sera of @entity1 suffering from @entity453 , the total intracellular @entity165 level increased twofold to fivefold. Cultivation with the sera of healthy subjects had no effect on the intracellular @entity165 level. The sera of @entity1 were separated by ultracentrifugation into two fractions: total lipoprotein fraction containing the main classes of lipoproteins and a lipoprotein-deficient fraction. The former, but not the lipoprotein-deficient fraction, was characterized by atherogenicity (i.e., the ability to induce the accumulation of intracellular @entity165 ). Lipoproteins of the patients' serum were separated into main classes: low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and high density lipoproteins ( @entity9477 and @entity9478 ). An atherogenic component of the serum capable of stimulating the deposition of intracellular @entity165 was represented by LDL and, in one case, by VLDL, but not by other classes of lipoproteins. LDL and other lipoproteins isolated from the blood serum of healthy subjects failed to raise the @entity165 content in cultured cells; that is, they were nonatherogenic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood serum atherogenicity associated with XXXX . Evidence for nonlipid factor providing atherogenicity of low-density lipoproteins and an approach to its elimination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the microstructural architecture of white matter, as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and postconcussion symptom reporting 6-8 weeks following mild @entity131 (MTBI). @entity1 were 108 @entity1 prospectively recruited from a Level 1 @entity130 Center (Vancouver, BC, Canada) following an @entity130 [i.e., 36 @entity130 controls (TCs)] or MTBI (n = 72). DTI of the whole brain was undertaken using a Phillips 3T scanner at 6-8 weeks postinjury. @entity1 also completed a 5 h neurocognitive test battery and a brief battery of self-report measures (e.g., @entity308 , @entity148 , and postconcussion symptoms). The MTBI sample was divided into two groups based on ICD-10 criteria for postconcussional syndrome (PCS): first, PCS-present (n = 20) and second, PCS-absent (n = 52). There were no significant differences across the three groups (i.e., TC, PCS-present, and PCS-absent) for any of the neurocognitive measures (p = .138-.810). For the self-report measures, the PCS-present group reported significantly more @entity148 and @entity308 symptoms compared with the PCS-absent and TC groups (p < .001, d = 1.63-1.89, very large effect sizes). For the DTI measures, there were no significant differences in fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, or mean diffusivity when comparing the PCS-present and PCS-absent groups. However, there were significant differences (p < .05) in @entity601 and RD when comparing the PCS-present and TC groups. There were significant differences in white matter between TC subjects and the PCS-present MTBI group, but not the PCS-absent MTBI group. Within the MTBI group, white-matter changes were not a significant predictor of ICD-10 PCS.

title: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Findings and Postconcussion Symptom Reporting Six Weeks Following Mild XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopedic injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: The influence of a prolonged low frequency electrical stimulation of the somatic afferents on cardiovascular and sympathetic nerve activities was investigated in unanaesthetized spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) and @entity35 -Kyoto normotensive @entity35 (WKRs). In SHR, an elevation of blood pressure, heart rate and splanchnic nerve outflow was elicited during a 30-min period of sciatic nerve stimulation. Following the cessation of the stimulation, @entity9598 response and @entity1168 slowly developed and lasted up to 12 h. Activation of the group III or A-delta afferent fibers was essential for this post-stimulatory response. The progressive @entity9598 response and a @entity3457 , reached their maxima at about 1 h after the termination of the sciatic stimulation. The magnitude of the post-stimulatory @entity9598 response was correlated with the prestimulatory control blood pressure level. There were also behavioural changes accompanying the @entity9598 response. The cardiovascular and the behavioural @entity308 were immediately reversed by @entity1510 (10-15 mg/kg, i.v.). The post-stimulatory @entity9598 response was still present after bilateral sino-aortic denervation, but was absent in animals anaesthetized with @entity4486 and @entity4774 . Emotional stress produced by air-blowing on the animal resulted in pressor response and @entity591 during the period of the stressful stimulation, but there was no @entity9598 response following the termination of air-blowing. These findings indicate a sympathetic and @entity65 induced by a prolonged stimulation of the somatic group III or A-delta afferent fibers; its long duration and @entity1510 reversibility suggest the involvement of endorphins in the mechanism of this response. The physiological significance of the effects of the prolonged somatic afferent stimulation and its possible relations with acupuncture are discussed.

title: Long-lasting @entity65 induced by acupuncture-like stimulation of the sciatic nerve in unanaesthetized spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['depressor']

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['chloralose']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['parallelled reduction of the splanchnic nerve activity']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little information is available to explain why beta-blockers are beneficial in certain @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). Since @entity2661 alter immune function, we asked whether beta-blocker treatment leads to enhancement of immune function. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 with New York Heart Association class III-IV @entity712 secondary to @entity384 were titrated to a minimum dose of @entity1406 25 mg BID on a background therapy of digoxin, diuretic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Cardiac and immunologic studies were done before and 6 months to 1 year after treatment. While these @entity1 served as their own controls, an additional population of @entity1 with @entity712 was followed for a similar time period on traditional medications. A panel of seven delayed @entity56 skin tests were placed at 6- to 12-month intervals on the @entity1 's forearm. Seventy percent of all @entity712 @entity1 were anergic (unable to respond to more than 1 antigen). The 30% who could respond averaged 2.2 antigens. After treatment with @entity1406 , only 20% remained anergic (P < .001). The 80% of responders averaged 4.2 antigens (P < .001). Additionally, @entity1 treated with @entity1406 had an increased percentage of T cells, natural killer cells, and increased interleukin-2 receptor density upon stimulation with concanavalin A. These changes correlated to increases in ejection fraction. @entity1 not treated with @entity1406 remained anergic and had no beneficial immunologic changes. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that @entity1 with @entity384 who are treated with @entity1406 have enhancement of cell-mediated immunity and improvement of T-cell function; these improvements are correlated to improvement in ejection fraction.

title: Beneficial effects of @entity1406 treatment in XXXX . Reversal of sympathetic-induced alterations of immunologic function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']