abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical cytology is the cervical @entity5 screening test for @entity1 aged <30 years because of the low specificity of @entity1082 tests in this age group. The Bethesda System classifies @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) and grade 3 (CIN 3) as high-grade intraepithelial lesions ( @entity2784 ). In this study, the authors subclassified cytologic @entity2784 as suggestive of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) or CIN 3 ( @entity2784 -CIN 3) and evaluated whether there was a correlation between these findings and age for screened and unscreened @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 2,002,472 cervical smears collected from @entity1 who had at least 1 previous test (screened) and 217,826 previously untested @entity1 (unscreened). The laboratory has been using the Bethesda System since 1998 with the subcategorization of @entity3146 and @entity2784 -CIN 3. RESULTS: For unscreened @entity1 , the prevalence of low-grade @entity75 ( @entity2784 ) and @entity3146 decreased with age, whereas the prevalence of @entity2784 -CIN 3 increased. The prevalence of @entity3146 was greater than that of @entity2784 -CIN 3 for @entity1 up to age 29 years (prevalence ratio [PR], 4.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.90-5.75) and lower for the groups ages 30 to 49 years (PR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50-0.87) and >=  50 years (PR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.12-0.36). For screened @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity3146 also was greater in the group aged  <= 29 years (PR, 2.72; 95% CI, 2.49-2.97). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence pattern of @entity2784 suggestive of @entity3146 resembled the pattern observed in @entity2784 and was more prevalent than @entity2784 suggestive of CIN 3 in younger @entity1 . The impact of screening was less evident when @entity2784 was suggestive of @entity3146 . A conservative approach for younger @entity1 who have @entity2784 is important for management guidance.

title: High-grade squamous @entity75 in XXXX aged <30 years has a prevalence pattern resembling low-grade squamous @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesion']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL-CIN 2', 'CIN 2', 'cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Differentiated @entity259 (DTC) are @entity5 with good prognosis. However, local recurrence or distant @entity3 can be observed. In our study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of recurrence and the importance of diagnostic @entity1496 -131 @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) in clinical follow-up in @entity1 with DTC. METHODS: The clinical data of 217 @entity1 with DTC who were followed-up more than 3 years were reviewed retrospectively. The incidence of recurrence was investigated in a group of @entity1 who had radioactive @entity1496 (RAI) treatment and showed no sign of residual thyroid tissue or @entity3 with diagnostic @entity4653 that was performed at 6-12 months after therapy and had a @entity3745 ( @entity3745 ) level lower than 2 ng/dl. RESULTS: At the time of diagnosis, ten cases had thyroid capsule invasion, 25 cases had extra-thyroid soft tissue invasion, 11 @entity1 showed lymph node @entity3 and four @entity1 had distant organ @entity3 . One hundred forty-five @entity1 had RAI treatment at ablation dose (75-100 mCi), whereas 35 @entity1 had RAI treatment at @entity3 dose (150-200 mCi). Thirty-seven @entity1 with @entity7172 did not receive RAI treatment. In 12 (%7.5) of the 160 @entity1 who were considered as "successful ablation", a recurrence was identified. Recurrence was detected by diagnostic @entity4653 in all cases and stimulated @entity3745 level was <2 ng/dL with the exception of the two cases who had distant @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Identification of pathological findings with @entity4653 in @entity1 who developed local recurrence in the absence of elevated @entity3745 highlights the importance of diagnostic @entity4653 in clinical follow-up.

title: Recurrence Incidence in Differentiated @entity259 and the Importance of Diagnostic XXXX -131 Scintigraphy in Clinical Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7172 :: ('MESH:C563277', 'Disease') :: ['papillary microcarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['WBS', 'whole body scan']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['Iodine']


abstract: Subdural effusion sometimes occurs during neurosurgery after opening the Sylvian fissure, due to @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) leakage from the torn arachnoid membrane. Unexpected bleeding from the fragile bridging veins may also result from brain retraction. Neurosurgeons must always watch carefully for these complications during surgery. To prevent such complications, we have attempted the clinical application of a polysaccharide nanosheet that is semi-absorbent and has a potent physical adhesive strength to investigate its therapeutic utility for arachnoid plasty and enhancement of bridging vein tensile strength in @entity35 . The use of overlapping nanosheets completely prevented @entity5173 leakage from injured arachnoid membranes in the cerebral cortex. No inflammatory infiltration was observed on the cerebral surface after 6 months of follow up. In addition, the use of nanosheet bandages significantly reinforced venous tensile strength. This reinforcement increased with the number of overlaid nanosheets. We report that polysaccharide nanosheets can be used for arachnoid plasty without chemical bonding agents and for reinforcement of venous tensile strength in @entity35 vessels. Nanosheets may be an effective neurosurgical tool.

title: Novel therapeutic use of polysaccharide nanosheets for arachnoid plasty and enhancement of venous tensile strength in XXXX microneurosurgery.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CSF', 'cerebrospinal fluid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity10132 ( @entity10132 ) is used for acute @entity64 management, not, however, for evaluating @entity302 . To test the hypothesis that @entity10132 may identify @entity1 with increased regional cerebral blood flow during @entity159 ( @entity159 ), we compared @entity10132 in @entity159 to different postictal conditions. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 (mean age 47 years, range 21-74) underwent @entity10132 immediately after evaluation in our emergency room. Asymmetry indices between affected and unaffected hemispheres were calculated for regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV), regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and mean transit time ( @entity98 ). Regional perfusion changes were compared to EEG findings. RESULTS: Three @entity1 in @entity159 (group 1) had increased regional perfusion with electro-clinical correlate. Six @entity1 showed postictal slowing on EEG corresponding to an area of regional hypoperfusion (group 2). CT and EEG were normal in six @entity1 with a first @entity302 (group 3). Cluster analysis of asymmetry indices separated @entity159 from the other two groups in all three parameters, while rCBF helped to distinguish between chronic @entity1625 and single events. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results indicate that @entity10132 may help to identify @entity1 with @entity159 during emergency workup. This technique provides important information to neurologists or emergency physicians in the difficult clinical differential diagnosis of @entity1032 due to @entity159 .

title: Detection of regional blood perfusion changes in XXXX with dynamic brain @entity10132 --a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['altered mental status']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['focal epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizure', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['subtle status epilepticus', 'SSE']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent findings suggest that the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity2290 ), its receptor ( @entity10431 ), @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ), and -2 ( @entity10933 ) play key roles in @entity3 . The prognostic value of components of this system is well established in @entity0 . However, little is known of its involvement in @entity788 ( @entity788 ). METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) was used on tissue-banked specimens and immunohistochemistry (IHC) on paraffin specimens was used to measure expression of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , @entity2289 , and @entity10933 proteins in 46 @entity788 and 12 @entity9296 specimens. Results were related to survival using Cox's proportional hazards testing. RESULTS: Increased expression of @entity2290 , @entity10431 , and @entity2289 in @entity788 tissue were independently associated with a higher Union Internationale Contre le @entity5 [International Union Against @entity5 (UICC)] @entity5 stage (P < 0.001) and were intercorrelated (P < 0.001). Overexpression of @entity10431 indicated reduced survival (P = 0.03). Conversely, @entity10933 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) overexpression, which occurred in 21 of 46 @entity5 , negatively correlated with @entity5 size (P = 0.008) and survival (P < 0.007) but not with @entity2290 , @entity10431 , or @entity5 stage. There was good agreement between @entity10933 mRNA value and IHC score (P < 0.001). Using Cox's stepwise analysis, @entity10933 mRNA value (HR = 0.24; P = 0.001) and UICC @entity5 stage (HR = 2.014; P = 0.001) independently predicted survival. An IHC score for @entity10933 of 3+ or 4+ also independently predicted improved survival (HR = 2.72; P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2290 / @entity10431 / @entity2289 system is activated in advanced @entity788 and may account for the @entity5 's @entity146 , whereas @entity10933 expression appears to be independent of @entity2290 / @entity10431 / @entity2289 and is associated with improved prognosis. Because of its intercorrelation with mRNA expression, @entity10933 IHC may be used as an indicator of survival.

title: High expression of XXXX ( @entity10933 ) is a predictor of improved survival in patients with @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['cancer invasion']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma']

answer: @entity10933 :: (5055,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, several @entity23 ( @entity23 ) have shown the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of @entity308 . OBJECTIVE: This analysis examined the antidepressant efficacy of rTMS in @entity1 with treatment-resistant @entity308 . METHODS: A literature search was performed for @entity23 published from January 1, 1994, to November 20, 2014. The search was updated on @entity3490 , 2015. Two independent reviewers evaluated the abstracts for inclusion, reviewed full texts of eligible studies, and abstracted data. Meta-analyses were conducted to obtain summary estimates. The primary outcome was changes in @entity308 scores measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 (HRSD), and we considered, a priori, the mean difference of 3.5 points to be a clinically important treatment effect. Remission and response to the treatment were secondary outcomes, and we calculated number needed to treat on the basis of these outcomes. We examined the possibility of publication bias by constructing funnel plots and by Begg's and Egger's tests. A meta-regression was undertaken to examine the effect of specific rTMS technical parameters on the treatment effects. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity23 compared rTMS with sham, and six @entity23 compared rTMS with @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Trials of rTMS versus sham showed a statistically significant improvement in @entity308 scores with rTMS ( @entity353 [ @entity353 ] 2.31, 95% CI 1.19-3.43; P < .001). This improvement was smaller than the pre-specified clinically important treatment effect. There was a 10% absolute difference between rTMS and sham in the rates of remission or response. This translates to a number needed to treat of 10. Risk ratios for remission and response were 2.20 (95% CI 1.44-3.38, P = .001 and 1.72 [95% CI], 1.13-2.62, P = .01), respectively, favouring rTMS. No publication bias was detected. Trials of rTMS versus @entity34 showed a statistically and clinically significant difference between rTMS and @entity34 in favour of @entity34 ( @entity353 5.97, 95% CI 0.94-11.0, P = .02). Risk ratios for remission and response were 1.44 (95% CI 0.64-3.23, P = .38) and 1.72 (95% CI 0.95-3.11, P = .07), respectively, favouring @entity34 . CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the body of evidence favoured @entity34 for treatment of @entity1 who are treatment-resistant. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation had a small short-term effect for improving @entity308 in comparison with sham, but follow-up studies did not show that the small effect will continue for longer periods.

title: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'major depression', 'unipolar depression']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['WMD', 'weighted mean difference']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['ECT', 'electroconvulsive therapy']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: The effect of @entity35 prolactin ( @entity3695 ) on basal and LH-, GH- and T3-mediated @entity251 and @entity53 secretion was studied in pubertal @entity35 Leydig cells. Purified Leydig cells were cultured for 24 h at 37 degrees C in a medium containing 4% foetal calf serum (FCS). The medium was then replaced with fresh medium containing different concentrations of @entity3695 (5-400 ng/mL) for 48 h at 34 degrees C without FCS. @entity3695 increased @entity251 secretion by Leydig cells at doses of 50-400 ng and maximum stimulation was observed at a dose of 200 ng. @entity53 secretion was parallel to that of @entity251 except at low doses (5-50 ng/mL). To assess the modulatory effect of @entity3695 on LH-, GH- and T3-induced Leydig cell @entity251 and @entity53 secretion, minimum (50 ng) and maximum (200 ng) effective doses of @entity3695 were co-administered with LH (25/100 ng), GH (10/50 ng) and T3 (25/50 ng). Co-administration of @entity3695 (50/100 ng) with T3 (25/50 ng) decreased @entity251 secretion. While co-administration of T3 (25 ng) decreased @entity3695 -induced @entity53 secretion, the latter was unaltered at a dose of 50 ng T3. A minimum effective dose of @entity3695 (50 ng) plus LH (25 ng) stimulated both @entity251 and @entity53 secretion. While a maximum effective dose of @entity3695 (200 ng) did not alter LH (25 ng)-induced @entity251 and @entity53 secretion, it inhibited @entity251 secretion induced by 100 ng LH and increased @entity53 secretion. Both doses of @entity3695 (50, 200 ng) plus GH (10/50 ng) inhibited @entity251 secretion when compared with @entity251 secretion induced by either GH or @entity3695 alone and stimulated @entity53 secretion. The present in vitro study indicates that @entity3695 stimulates both @entity251 and @entity53 secretion by Leydig cells and that this effect can be modulated by LH, GH and T3.

title: Prolactin and Leydig cells: biphasic effects of prolactin on LH-, T3- and GH-induced @entity251 / @entity53 secretion by Leydig cells in pubertal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Sarcoidosis can manifest itself in a variety of affection patterns in the eye. Early diagnosis and treatment are of crucial importance. Therefore the following three cases present occular symptoms associated with @entity370 . METHODS: Three case reports are described. RESULTS: We report three cases with @entity5863 but different anamneses. A 14-year-old @entity1 suffered initially from a medically refractory @entity1244 , followed by @entity5863 with a distinct pattern of chorioretinal involvement. Furthermore, there was a @entity3541 , swelling of the parotid glands, fever, and a deterioration of his general condition. The histological examination of a turbinectomy revealed a @entity32 with non-caseating @entity738 . The second @entity1 , a 66-year-old female, presented with the suspected diagnosis of @entity8231 and positive anamnesis for sigma @entity189 . One of her main symptoms was significant @entity1596 with a pronounced @entity32 in the anterior chamber. The suspicious lesions in thoracic CT yielded to the diagnosis of @entity370 . The third @entity1 , a 51-year-old male, seemed to be generally healthy. He described a loss of visual acuity, which was explained by vitritis and a pronounced macular @entity4 . As part of the search for underlying diseases the chest radiography showed abnormal structures. DISCUSSION: In all @entity1 the diagnosis was @entity370 . Moreover, in the first case @entity31489 , a special form of @entity370 , was diagnosed. In all three @entity1 a significant improvement of visual acuity occurred under systemic @entity617 therapy. These cases demonstrate the broad spectrum of manifestations of @entity370 in ophthalmology. Moreover, the early diagnosis and implementation of therapy were decisive for the prognosis.

title: [Three cases--one diagnosis: ocular manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5863 :: ('MESH:D015864', 'Disease') :: ['panuveitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity31489 :: ('MESH:D014608', 'Disease') :: ['Heerfordt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8231 :: ('MESH:D010257', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been no reports describing the results of conservative treatment of acute lateral @entity130 of the ankle in detail in terms of the severity of the injury, and the results of conservative treatment for injury with severe instability are still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of nonoperative treatment of acute lateral @entity130 according to its severity. METHODS: Fifty-five consecutive acute lateral ankle ligament injuries in 54 @entity1 who were treated nonoperatively were followed up as a prospective study. Twenty-seven were male @entity1 and 27 were female @entity1 ; the average age was 23.9 years (12-55 years). The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to the extent of the @entity130 : @entity1 with an @entity130 of the anterior talofibular ligament and those with combined injuries of the anterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular ligament. In addition to the routine examinations for inversion @entity3681 , subtalar arthrography was mainly used to assess the condition of the calcaneofibular ligament. The arthrography was performed an average of 3.5 days after the injury (0-5 days). RESULTS: Fifty-five ankles of @entity1 who were treated nonoperatively according to the same protocol were included in this study, and were followed up for an average of 5.0 years (37-86 months). At the time of the final follow-up, 22 of 25 (88%) ankles with an @entity130 to the anterior talofibular ligament were asymptomatic; in contrast, only 9 of 30 (30%) ankles with combined injuries of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligament were asymptomatic. The average American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score of the isolated injuries was 97.8 points, in contrast to 92.4 points for the combined injuries. CONCLUSIONS: The results of nonoperative treatment with 1 week immobilization followed by a functional brace were excellent in @entity1 with an @entity130 of the anterior talofibular ligament, but were unsatisfactory in those with combined injuries of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments.

title: Comparative results of conservative treatments for isolated anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) XXXX to both the ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament of the ankle as assessed by subtalar arthrography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ligament injury', 'isolated injury']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['ankle sprain']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injury and injury']


abstract: The efficiency of the @entity5 markers prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ), @entity6421 , and osteocalcin was tested with regard to their ability to predict @entity5 death within 2 years plus survival beyond 2 years in a series of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity263 . For all markers, an elevated level suggested a @entity5 with a worse prognosis. Moreover, the extent to which the level was increased carried additional information. The prognostic efficiency was routinely improved by selecting cutoff levels higher than the standards suggested by the radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit manufacturers. Seventy-four percent of the @entity1 with elevated levels of neopterin were still alive after 2 years when 8 nmol/L was selected as the upper normal value compared to only 43% at 12 nmol/L. At a cut-off value of 3 micrograms/L for osteocalcin, 79% of the @entity1 with elevated levels were still alive after 2 years compared with only 20% when 7 micrograms/L was selected. Such adjustments to higher cutoff levels could be made without increasing the number of "false-negatives." The efficiency of PAP to predict short-term prognosis was poor at the standard cutoff level of 1.9 microgram/L. Not until 20 micrograms/L was selected did the efficiency exceed 80%. @entity1069 was highly sensitive but little specific at any of the cutoff levels tested with regard to ability to indicate prognosis.

title: Aspects on reference values for XXXX markers in @entity1 @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['neopterin']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostate-specific antigen', 'PSA']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity239 ( @entity239 ) have symptoms of @entity1295 and reduced exercise tolerance, which may be associated with alterations in muscle microcirculation and @entity26 metabolism. This study used near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies to noninvasively evaluate muscle blood flow, blood oxygenation and @entity26 metabolism during leg fatiguing exercise and during arm arterial cuff occlusion in post-menopausal @entity1 with and without @entity239 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity1 with @entity239 and twenty-three well-matched healthy controls participated in this study. For the fatiguing exercise protocol, the subject was instructed to perform 6 sets of 12 isometric contractions of knee extensor muscles with intensity steadily increasing from 20 to 70% maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). For the cuff occlusion protocol, forearm arterial blood flow was occluded via a tourniquet on the upper arm for 3 minutes. Leg or arm muscle hemodynamics, including relative blood flow (rBF), @entity16486 - and deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2] and [Hb]), total hemoglobin concentration ( @entity839 ) and blood @entity26 saturation (StO2), were continuously monitored throughout protocols using a custom-built hybrid diffuse optical instrument that combined a commercial near-infrared oximeter for tissue oxygenation measurements and a custom-designed diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) flowmeter for tissue blood flow measurements. Relative @entity26 extraction fraction (rOEF) and @entity26 consumption rate (rVO2) were calculated from the measured blood flow and oxygenation data. Post-manipulation (fatiguing exercise or cuff occlusion) recovery in muscle hemodynamics was characterized by the recovery half-time, a time interval from the end of manipulation to the time that tissue hemodynamics reached a half-maximal value. RESULTS: Subjects with @entity239 had similar hemodynamic and metabolic response/recovery patterns as healthy controls during exercise and during @entity432 . However, tissue rOEF during exercise in subjects with @entity239 was significantly lower than in healthy controls, and the half-times of oxygenation recovery (  [HbO2] and   [Hb]) were significantly longer following fatiguing exercise and cuff occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an alteration of muscle @entity26 utilization in the @entity239 population. This study demonstrates the potential of using combined diffuse optical spectroscopies (i.e., NIRS/DCS) to comprehensively evaluate tissue @entity26 and flow kinetics in skeletal muscle.

title: Noninvasive optical characterization of muscle blood flow, oxygenation, and metabolism in XXXX with @entity239 .

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['increased muscular fatigue']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Randomized, placebo-controlled trials have documented that both streptokinase and rt-PA given early are associated with limitation of @entity1188 size, improved ventricular function, and reduced mortality. Other concerns, however, documented experimentally include @entity296 , the "no-reflow" phenomenon, myocardial "stunning," reperfusion-induced injury, and clinically, rethrombosis that occurs at a rate of 20% and reinfarction at 8-10%. Thus, even with the ideal thrombolytic agent, adjunctive therapy to prevent rethrombosis will remain a requisite to obtaining long-term benefit. @entity460 blockers in association with reperfusion have been shown experimentally to be protective, resulting in limitation of @entity1188 size and improved ventricular function. There is no data on the role of @entity460 blockers in conjunction with thrombolysis in @entity1 . Results are available from two randomized trials with the @entity460 blocker, diltiazem, in @entity1 with non-Q wave @entity1188 . In the short-term trial involving 576 @entity1 with non-Q wave @entity1188 , the incidence of early reinfarction was reduced by 50%, and in the long-term study (non-Q wave @entity1188 , n = 634), reinfarction and death were reduced by 40% after 1 year and by 34% after 4.5 years. Non-Q wave @entity1188 is believed to undergo early spontaneous reperfusion based on the following: small @entity1188 size, contracture @entity39 at postmortem, early peaking of plasma CK, coronary patency on angiography, @entity63 , and a high incidence of reinfarction. Thus, thrombolysis occurring spontaneously or induced therapeutically is associated with a high incidence of reinfarction. The implications of these clinical studies together with the experimental data suggests that the hypothesis of a @entity460 blocker being important adjunctive therapy following thrombolysis is worthy of clinical evaluation.

title: Thrombolysis and its sequelae. XXXX antagonists as potential adjunctive therapy.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['residual ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: Recent studies suggest that opioids can produce analgesia through peripheral mechanisms following inflammation of peripheral tissue. This study examined whether opioids administered prior to inflammation can produce antinociception by peripheral mechanisms in a model of @entity3825 . @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1% @entity1543 to evoke @entity1661 , a standard model of @entity3825 . The number of writhes that occurred during 30 min after @entity1543 were determined. Intraperitoneal injection of @entity1286 (60, 90, 100 or 120 microg/0.3 ml) or the peripherally acting opioid @entity3062 (0.12, 0.36, 1.2 or 3.6 mg/0.3 ml) given 5 min after @entity1543 decreased writhing in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity1286 (100 microg) produced an 70% attenuation in the number of writhes while @entity3062 (1.2 mg) decreased writhing by 56%. These antinociceptive effects were blocked by pretreatment with the opioid receptor antagonists @entity1510 (10 mg/kg) and its quarternary version @entity19244 (10 mg/kg). To determine whether opioids produced preemptive antinociception via peripheral mechanisms, @entity19 received i.p. injections of @entity1286 (1, 5, and 10 microg/0.3 ml) or vehicle 5 min before @entity1543 . Doses of 5 and 10 microg @entity1286 inhibited the number of writhes by 51 and 93%, respectively. The highest dose (10 microg) was ineffective when given intravenously 5 min before @entity1543 , suggesting that antinociception following i.p. administration was acting via peripheral mechanisms. These data demonstrate that low doses of opioids, given before or after @entity1543 , produce visceral antinociception through peripheral mechanisms. This may be clinically relevant for the management of postoperative @entity490 .

title: Peripheral and preemptive opioid antinociception in a XXXX @entity3825 model.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal writhing']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine sulfate', 'morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity19244 :: ('MESH:C041269', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone methiodide']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate proliferation, invasion and @entity3 provides a principal molecular basis of @entity5 heterogeneity. Microvessel distribution is an important characteristic of solid @entity5 , with significant @entity519 occurring in the center of @entity5 with low blood flow. The distribution of @entity40703 in @entity0 was examined as a factor likely to be important in @entity0 progression. METHODS: Breast tissue samples from 40 @entity1 with @entity0 were classified into two groups: a highly invasive and metastatic group (HIMG) and a @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Samples were collected from the center and edge of each @entity5 . In each group, six specimens were examined by microRNA array, and the remaining 14 specimens were used for real-time RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. Correlation analysis was performed for the miRNAs and target proteins. Follow-up was carried out during 28 months to 68 months after surgery, and survival data were analyzed. RESULTS: In the @entity3 , the relative content of @entity40703 was lower in the center of the @entity5 than at its edge; in the HIMG, it was lower at the edge of the @entity5 , and @entity40703 levels were lower in @entity0 tissues than in normal tissues. There was no difference between @entity7 and @entity4725 mRNA levels at the edge and center of the @entity5 ; however, we observed a significant difference between @entity7 and @entity4725 protein expression levels in these two regions. There was a negative correlation between @entity40703 and target protein levels. The microvessel density (MVD) was lower in the center of the @entity5 than at its edge in HIMG, but the @entity3 vessels were uniformly distributed. There was a significant positive correlation between MVD and the number of lymph node @entity3 (Pearson correlation, r=0.912, P<0.01). The median follow-up time was 48.5 months. @entity3 had higher rate of disease-free survival (100%, P=0.013) and longer median survival time (66 months) than HIMG, which had a lower rate of 75% and shorter median survival time (54 months). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated @entity40703 to be differentially distributed in @entity0 ; @entity7 and @entity4725 mRNA had coincident distribution, and the distribution of teh respective proteins was uneven and opposite to that for the @entity696 -374a. These data might explain the differences in the distribution of MVD in @entity0 and variation in @entity0 prognosis.

title: Effects of differential distribution of microvessel density, possibly regulated by XXXX , on @entity0 prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'LIMG', 'metastases', 'low-invasive and metastatic Group']

answer: @entity40703 :: (442919,Gene) :: ['miR-374a']


abstract: @entity164 has a rare association with @entity6126 . In this report we present the results of the detailed endocrine evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging in one such @entity1 . A 20-year-old male with @entity6447 , @entity6126 , and short stature was investigated. Basal testing revealed @entity6126 (LH < 5 mU/L, FSH < 5 mU/L, testosterone 2.5 nM/L). There was no rise in LH after stimulation with LHRH, peak LH level being < 5 mU/L. @entity2690 @entity4053 testing was consistent with @entity2338 , with peak GH being 3.2 mU/L. On @entity1218 stimulation, there was no significant rise in prolactin, though the TSH response was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity76 . The anterior pituitary was @entity3202 , with a height of 1.4 mm. The posterior pituitary and the pituitary stalk were normal in size and position. This @entity1 with @entity164 had @entity7961 . The results of our endocrine evaluation and MR imaging lead us to believe that these deficits may result from a lesion at the level of the pituitary gland.

title: XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity164 : magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal studies.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity164 :: ('MESH:D017827', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spinocerebellar ataxia', 'Degenerative spinocerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['progressive cerebellar ataxia']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism', 'hypogonadotropic hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies']

answer: @entity7961 :: (MESH:C580003,Disease) :: ['Multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity1 with @entity697 involving the innominate artery, it is unclear whether right axillary artery cannulation for arterial inflow is safe. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of @entity1 with dissected innominate artery according to different arterial cannulation sites. METHODS: From 2005 to 2014, of 416 @entity1 with @entity697 and preoperative computed tomography angiography in 2 centers, 186 (aged 63      13  years; 43% were female; 95% with @entity196 ) had dissected innominate artery (84%, 9%, and 7% involving its entire length or more or less than half of its length, respectively). @entity16 , in-hospital mortality, and survival were compared between @entity1 with right axillary (N  =  84) and non-right axillary (N  =  102) cannulation sites. Median follow-up was 30  months (range, 0-130  months). RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 9.5% and 10.8% (P  =  .97) for @entity1 with right and non-right axillary cannulation, respectively. Seven @entity1 (8.3%) with right axillary cannulation and 9 @entity1 (8.8%; P  =  .89) with non-right axillary cannulation had a new-onset @entity64 . The axillary artery was cannulated (although dissected) in 8 @entity1 . None of them had a new-onset @entity64 or died perioperatively. The innominate artery remodeling was observed on follow-up computed tomography in 12% of right axillary cases and 14% of non-right axillary cases (P  =  .82). Survival did not differ between right axillary and non-right axillary cases, and measured 92%      3% versus 87%      4% and 85%      5% versus 73%      9% at 1 and 5  years, respectively (log rank, P  =  .29). CONCLUSIONS: The right axillary artery is safe to cannulate for arterial inflow in @entity1 with @entity1580 with dissected innominate artery.

title: Is right axillary artery cannulation safe in XXXX with involvement of the innominate artery?

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute type A aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'postoperative stroke']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['DeBakey type I']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type A aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of interpositional arthroplasty with @entity392 or fat as a treatment for @entity625 after a fracture of the calcaneus. METHODS: From August 2006 to March 2008, 22 @entity1 with @entity625 were enrolled in this study. @entity392 was implanted for 7 @entity1 who previously underwent surgery with the extensive lateral approach. Fat was implanted for 15 @entity1 who were previously managed with conservative or percutaneous fixation. All the @entity1 were followed up for more than 1 year, and the results were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The Ankle-Hindfoot score by the American Orthopedic Foot _ Ankle Society changed from 60.95 to 80.23 (p < 0.05). Visual Analogue @entity158 score decreased from 6.6 to 3.8 (p < 0.05). The results of the circle draw test were excellent in 8 @entity1 , good in 11, and fair in 3 @entity1 without any poor outcomes. The subjective satisfaction of the @entity1 was excellent in 16 @entity1 , good in 4 @entity1 , and poor in 2 @entity1 . In 2 @entity1 with poor satisfaction, symptoms and mobility showed no improvement postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Interpositional arthroplasty with @entity392 or fat as a treatment modality of @entity625 could provide good clinical outcome and preservation of range of motion.

title: Treatment of @entity625 with interpositional arthroplasty with XXXX or fat.

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['Tensor fascia lata', 'tensor fascia lata']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic subtalar joint arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Scale pain']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tensor fascia lata']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The usual radical radiotherapy treatment prescribed for @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is 70 Gy (in 2 Gy per fraction equivalent) administered to the high-risk target volume (TV). This can be planned using either a forward-planned photon-electron junction technique (2P) or a single-phase (1P) forward-planned technique developed in-house. Alternatively, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques, including @entity499 ( @entity499 ), allow image-guided inversely planned treatments. This study was designed to compare these three planning techniques with regards to TV coverage and the dose received by organs at risk. METHODS: We compared the dose-volume histograms and conformity indices (CI) of the three planning processes in five @entity1 with @entity213 . The @entity5 ( @entity5 ), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and uncomplicated @entity5 (UCP) were calculated for each of the 15 plans. In addition, we explored the radiobiological rationality of a dose-escalation strategy. RESULTS: The CI for the high-risk clinical TV (CTV1) in the 5 @entity1 were 0.78, 0.76, 0.82, 0.72 and 0.81 when @entity499 was used; 0.58, 0.56, 0.47, 0.35 and 0.60 for the single-phase forward-planned technique and 0.46, 0.36, 0.29, 0.22 and 0.49 for the two-phase technique. The @entity5 for CTV1 with @entity499 were 79.2%, 85.2%, 81.1%, 83.0% and 53.0%; for single-phase forward-planned technique, 76.5%, 86.9%, 73.4%, 81.8% and 31.8% and for the two-phase technique, 38.2%, 86.2%, 42.7%, 0.0% and 3.4%. Dose escalation using @entity499 confirmed the radiobiological advantage in terms of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 for the single-phase plans was comparable to that of @entity499 plans, whereas that for the two-phase technique was lower. Centres that cannot provide IMRT for the radical treatment of all @entity1 could implement the single-phase technique as standard to attain comparable @entity5 . However, IMRT produced better UCP, thereby enabling the exploration of dose escalation.

title: Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison of @entity499 , forward-planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy and two-phase conformal plans for radical radiotherapy treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity499 :: ('MESH:C536217', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'helical tomotherapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour control probability', 'TCP']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of @entity1036 . DESIGN: Prospective noncomparative case series. @entity1 : Twenty-eight eyes of 28 @entity1 with @entity1036 who were refractory to conventional treatment. METHODS: The @entity1 with @entity2057 were treated with 20% umbilical cord serum eyedrops 6 to 10 times a day. Ophthalmic examinations including best-corrected visual acuity (VA) measurement, corneal sensitivity test, corneal fluorescein staining, and anterior segment photography were performed before and after the treatment. Concentrations of @entity4757 , @entity442 ( @entity442 ), and @entity4150 ( @entity4150 ) in umbilical cord serum, normal peripheral blood serum, and tears were measured. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Epithelial healing time; changes of VA and corneal sensitivity after treatment; and levels of @entity4757 , @entity442 , and @entity4150 in umbilical cord serum, normal peripheral blood serum, and tears. RESULTS: The epithelial defect healed completely in all eyes, with a mean healing time of 4.4+/-4.0 weeks. The epithelial defect healed within 2 weeks in 8 eyes (28.6%), between 2 and 4 weeks in 14 eyes (50.0%), and after 4 weeks in 6 eyes (21.4%). After treatment, VA improved by >2 lines in 17 eyes (60.7%). Mean pretreatment corneal sensitivity was 21.1+/-10.5 mm, and mean posttreatment corneal sensitivity was 24.3+/-11.7 mm (P<0.01). Mean concentrations of @entity4757 , @entity442 , and @entity4150 were 245.3+/-53.9 pg/ml, 239.0+/-77.1 ng/ml, and 729.7+/-72.0 pg/ml in umbilical cord serum; 169.5+/-81.0 pg/ml, 375.5+/-51.3 ng/ml, and 401.7+/-98.1 pg/ml in peripheral blood serum; and 69.8+/-24.9 pg/ml, 75.7+/-50.5 ng/ml, and 107.5+/-70.9 pg/ml in tears, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Umbilical cord serum contains many @entity2057 , and umbilical cord serum eyedrops appeared to be effective for the treatment of @entity1036 .

title: Application of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulinlike growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity4150 :: ('4803', 'Gene') :: ['nerve growth factor', 'NGF']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keraitis', 'neurotrophic factors']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']


abstract: Smads are intracellular signaling proteins that transduce signals elicited by members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily. @entity21602 and @entity14901 are highly homologous, and they mediate primarily bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signals. We used the Cre-loxP system and Sm22-Cre and @entity21029 -Cre @entity19 to study the function of @entity21602 in the developing blood vessel wall. Analysis of embryos demonstrated that deletion of @entity21602 in endothelial or smooth muscle cells resulted in a normal organization of embryonic and extra-embryonic vasculature. Angiogenic assays performed in adult @entity19 revealed that mutant @entity19 display a comparable angiogenic and vascular remodeling response to control @entity19 . In Sm22-Cre; @entity21602 (fl/-) @entity19 , @entity21602 is also deleted in cardiomyocytes. Echocardiographic analysis on those 9-month-old female @entity19 demonstrated larger left ventricle internal diameters and decreased fractional @entity3207 compared with control littermates without signs of @entity1283 . The decreased cardiac contractility was associated with a decreased performance in a treadmill experiment. In isolated cardiomyocytes, fractional @entity3207 was significantly reduced compared with control cells. These data demonstrate that restricted deletion of @entity21602 in the blood vessel wall results in viable @entity19 . However, loss of @entity21602 in cardiomyocytes leads to a mild @entity299 .

title: Inactivation of XXXX in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells demonstrates that @entity21602 is required for cardiac homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defect']

answer: @entity21602 :: (17129(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Smad5']


abstract: Experiments were designed to compare the sensitivity of venous and arterial smooth muscle to endothelin and to determine whether contractions to the peptide could be inhibited by endothelium-derived relaxing factor and @entity842 . Rings of @entity235 left anterior descending coronary, femoral, and mesenteric arteries and femoral and saphenous veins with and without endothelium were suspended for measurement of isometric force. In the presence of @entity3352 , @entity5521 , and @entity1169 , endothelin initiated concentration-dependent increases in tension in all rings. The veins were more sensitive to the peptide than were the arteries. Endothelin depolarized the smooth muscle of the saphenous veins and mesenteric arteries; the threshold concentration for depolarization was approximately 100 times lower in the veins (10(-10) M) than in the arteries (10(-8) M). Removal of the endothelium enhanced the sensitivity only of venous smooth muscle to endothelin. However, stimulation of the endothelium in the arteries with either @entity934 or the @entity460 ionophore @entity3365 rapidly inhibited the maximal tension developed to the peptide. @entity842 inhibited contractions to endothelin in arteries and veins without endothelium; the inhibition was greater in the arteries than in the veins. These results indicate that venous smooth muscle is more sensitive than arterial smooth muscle to endothelin. In both blood vessels, endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) can inhibit contractions to the peptide.

title: Differential sensitivity to endothelin in XXXX arteries and veins.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Rituximab is increasingly used in @entity1 with @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) who are nonresponders to conventional therapy. METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted using the words @entity7271 and rituximab therapy from papers published between 2000 and 2012. Two protocols were used. In the @entity706 protocol, @entity1 received four weekly infusions of rituximab (dose 375  mg/m(2)). The @entity309 ( @entity309 ) protocol consisted of two infusions of 1,000  mg each 15  days apart. The variables recorded from each study included clinical remission off or on therapy, relapse rate, incidence of serious adverse events, concomitant therapies, duration of follow-up, and when available, levels of B cells and autoantibodies. RESULTS: Forty-two studies were found, which reported 272 @entity1 ; 180 were treated by the @entity706 protocol and 92 by the @entity309 protocol. Both protocols were effective in treating recalcitrant @entity7271 . The @entity706 protocol had a lower response rate, relapse rate and serious @entity281 , but higher mortality, and there were nonresponders. The @entity309 protocol produced a higher response rate, relapse rate, number of @entity281 , but lower mortality rate, and lacked nonresponders. The cumulative follow-up for @entity1 treated with the @entity706 protocol was 15.44  months (range 1-41) and 21.04  months (range 8.35-29) for the @entity309 protocol. A major concern in both protocols was the high infection rates, some of which were fatal. A different protocol using a combination of rituximab with intravenous immunoglobulin in a defined manner with a definitive endpoint, used in a limited cohort of @entity1 , showed promising results. CONCLUSION: Neither protocol produced a sustained clinical remission and both required continued systemic therapy. Before initiation of treatment, physicians should have a specific goal and endpoint and be aware of its potential side effects and lack of information on its long-term effects. @entity1 should be carefully monitored during and after therapy.

title: Rituximab in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since 1997, the American @entity6 Association has recommended that @entity117 therapy be considered for adults with @entity6 who have @entity65 ( @entity65 ) or @entity65 risk factors. We examined the prevalence of regular @entity117 use among adults in the U.S. with diagnosed @entity6 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) used a probability sample of the U.S. population and included an interview, physical examination, and laboratory studies. Among the survey @entity1 were 1,503 adults (age > or =21 years) with self-reported @entity6 . We defined regular @entity117 use as reported having taken @entity117 > or = 15 times in the previous month. @entity65 conditions were self-reported @entity299 and @entity64 and symptoms of @entity951 . @entity65 risk factors included smoking, @entity101 , @entity28 , @entity633 , @entity14822 , and family history of @entity299 . RESULTS: An estimated 27% of adults with @entity6 had @entity65 , and an additional 71% had one or more @entity65 risk factors. @entity117 was used regularly by 37% of those with @entity65 and by 13% of those with risk factors only Adjusted odds of regular @entity117 use were significantly greater for individuals with @entity65 than for those with one @entity65 risk factor (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3); for @entity62 , Mexican-Americans, and others (OR = 2.5); and for individuals age 40-59 years than for those <40 years (OR = 33.3). CONCLUSIONS: Nearly every adult in the U.S. with @entity6 has at least one risk factor for @entity65 and thus may be considered a potential candidate for @entity117 therapy. During 1988-1994, only 20% (95% CI 16-23) took @entity117 regularly Major efforts are needed to increase @entity117 use.

title: @entity117 use among adults with XXXX : estimates from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity14822 :: ('MESH:C562935', 'Disease') :: ['lipid abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina and claudication']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hispanic whites than for blacks']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: The antitumor effect of combined use of UFT and @entity1855 , a @entity460 antagonist, was examined in @entity356 transplanted to BALB/c athymic @entity19 . Four experimental groups included Group I (Control) which was administered 3% Gummi Alabicum (p.o.), Group II (UFT) which was administered 64.8 mg/kg UFT (p.o.), Group III (UFT + @entity1855 ) which was administered UFT and 10 mg/kg @entity1855 (s.c.) and Group IV ( @entity1855 ) which administered same doses of @entity1855 . All @entity19 were sacrificed at the day of 12 and pathological and flow cytometric studies were performed to those @entity5 . At the day of 8, significant retardation of @entity5 growth was observed in Group II and Group III compared with Group I (P less than 0.05). The ratio of @entity5 retardation of Group III was more predominant than that of Group II at the day of 9 (p less than 0.05). However, no difference in pathological and flow cytometric changes was observed between Group II and Group III. @entity353 and @entity204 , as side effects, were found in Group II and III. It was assumed that this may be depend on the over dose of UFT or methods of administration. These results suggested that combination chemotherapy of UFT and @entity1855 was effective in the retardation of @entity356 , however the doses of UFT and @entity1855 have to be reexamined in order to control the side effect.

title: [Experimental study on combination chemotherapy of UFT and @entity460 antagonist in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: We report here a case of reversible @entity16757 (RPLS)induced by modified FOLFOX6(mFOLFOX6). The @entity1 was a 43-year-old @entity1 who had sigmoid @entity694 with multiple liver @entity3 . Treatment with mFOLFOX6 was started. Early in the morning of day 11, the @entity1 was transported by ambulance to the hospital due to @entity390 with @entity10 , disturbed consciousness, and visual disturbance. The @entity1 experienced sudden, severe @entity390 and subsequently presented generalized tonic-chronic @entity410 . The @entity410 subsided after treatment. On the evening of day 11, another episode of generalized tonic-chronic @entity410 occurred. @entity159 developed and tracheal intubation was performed for airway protection. Cranial MRI showed increased signal intensity in both @entity1625 , centered on the boundary between the gray and white matter on FLAIR images. Her condition stabilized with no @entity410 recurrence following intubation. Although @entity101 was present on admission to the emergency room, blood pressure gradually fell to within the normal range without antihypertensive treatment. She was extubated on day 18. There were no neurologic sequelae. Cranial MRI on day 40 showed that the increased intensity in both @entity1625 had almost disappeared. Because the @entity1 's condition was characterized by a reversible @entity6220 , RPLS was diagnosed.

title: [A case of reversible XXXX (RPLS)induced by modified FOLFOX6].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['occipital lobes']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorder']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['Status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity16757 :: ('MESH:D054038', 'Disease') :: ['posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome']

answer: @entity16757 :: (MESH:D054038,Disease) :: ['posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome']


abstract: In order to measure the impact on long-term survival of rabbit leukocyte antigen (RLA) matching and the administration of @entity205 (CSP) in allogeneic marrow transplantation of irradiated adult @entity95 , four groups of five @entity95 each were studied. Group 1 consisted of RLA-mismatched animals that did not receive CSP following transplant. All five animals died of infectious complications or @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) (median survival 12 days, range 6-20 days). Group 2 consisted of animals that were similarly mismatched but treated with CSP as postgrafting immunosuppression. All animals also died of @entity2132 or @entity281 but the median survival was extended to 18 days, range 12-27 days. Group 3 consisted of RLA-matched animals that did not receive CSP. Median survival was 65 days, range 27-121 days, and two are still alive at 120 and 121 days after transplant. Three of five animals died of @entity2132 . The only group of animals to consistently achieve long-term survival was group 4; these animals were RLA matched and were treated with CSP. Five of five animals survived with a median survival of 564 days following transplant, range 220-806 days. All five became complete hematopoietic chimeras as determined by cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow lymphocytes. Thus, long-term survival after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the irradiated adult @entity95 was achieved and was dependent upon the use of RLA-matched donors and the administration of @entity205 as @entity2132 prophylaxis.

title: Impact of RLA matching and XXXX on long-term survival in transplanted @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare assessment of insulin sensitivity from hyperinsulinemic euglycaemic (HIEG) clamp with indexes derived from fasting and oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 107 @entity6 and @entity28 postmenopausal (BMI=32.4+/-0.4 kg/m(2)) @entity1 undergoing both HIEG clamp and OGTT. Pairs of data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman graphs analysis. Comparison between correlations was made using the method reported by Zar. RESULTS: All the indexes derived from either the OGTT or surrogate indexes were highly correlated with all the clamp-derived formulas (P<0.0001). However, HOMA and QUICKI were generally less correlated than OGTT-derived indexes. Analogically to QUICKI, we calculated a new formula derived from the OGTT measurements of @entity413 and insulin named simple index assessing insulin sensitivity (SI(is)OGTT)=1/[log(sum @entity413 t(0-30-90-120)) (mmol/l)+log(sum insulin t(0-30-90-120)) (microUI/ml)]. By using this formula, we found high significant correlations (r's=0.61-0.65; P<0.0001) with the clamp results. Moreover, the correlations of SI(is)OGTT with the clamp data were higher than for other previously published indexes. CONCLUSION: In that large group of non-diabetic overweight and @entity28 postmenopausal @entity1 insulin sensitivity index derived from OGTT provided more accurate information than fasting based formula. We propose a new simple index for the assessment of insulin sensitivity from the OGTT data (SI(is)OGTT). The advantage of this new formula over all previously published OGTT-derived indexes of insulin sensitivity is that it is 1) easy to calculate 2) better correlated than other indexes of insulin sensitivity and 3) not affected by the way clamp results are expressed. Further studies are needed to validate SI(is)OGTT index in other populations.

title: Relationship between the hyperinsulinemic-euglycaemic clamp and a new simple index assessing insulin sensitivity in overweight and XXXX postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['sedentary non-diabetic overweight']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Much of the literature on the relationship between conflict-related @entity130 and @entity458 ( @entity458 ) often focuses on refugees and not mass in-country displaced @entity1 due to armed conflicts. There is paucity of research about contexts underlying @entity458 and @entity645 / @entity791 in conflict and post-conflict communities in Uganda. Understanding factors that underpin vulnerability to @entity458 in post-conflict communities is vital in designing @entity645 / @entity791 prevention interventions. We explored the socio-cultural factors, social interactions, socio-cultural practices, social norms and social network structures that underlie war @entity130 and vulnerability to @entity458 in a post-conflict population. METHODS: We did a cross-sectional qualitative study of 3 sub-counties in Katakwi district and 1 in Amuria in Uganda between March and May 2009. We collected data using 8 FGDs, 32 key informant interviews and 16 in-depth interviews. We tape-recorded and transcribed the data. We followed thematic analysis principles to manage, analyse and interpret the data. We constantly identified and compared themes and sub-themes in the dataset as we read the transcripts. We used illuminating verbatim quotations to illustrate major findings. RESULTS: The commonly identified @entity458 behaviours include; transactional sex, sexual predation, multiple partners, early marriages and forced marriages. Breakdown of the social structure due to conflict had resulted in economic destruction and a perceived soaring of vulnerable @entity1 whose propensity to @entity458 is high. Dishonour of sexual sanctity through transactional sex and practices like incest mirrored the consequence of exposure to conflict. @entity458 was associated with concentration of @entity1 in camps where idleness and unemployment were the norm. Reports of @entity1 and @entity1 who had been victims of rape and defilement by @entity1 with guns were common. Many @entity1 were known to have started to display persistent worries, hopelessness, and suicidal ideas and to abuse @entity285 . CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that conflicts disrupt the socio-cultural set up of communities and destroy sources of @entity1 's livelihood. Post-conflict socio-economic reconstruction needs to encompass programmes that restructure @entity1 's morals and values through counselling. @entity645 / @entity791 prevention programming in post-conflict communities should deal with socio-cultural disruptions that emerged during conflicts. Some of the disruptions if not dealt with, could become normalized yet they are predisposing factors to @entity458 . Socio-economic vulnerability as a consequence of conflict seemed to be associated with @entity458 through alterations in sexual morality. To pursue safer sexual health choices, @entity1 in post-conflict communities need life skills.

title: Vulnerability to XXXX ( @entity458 ) following exposure to war @entity130 as seen in post-conflict communities in eastern uganda: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'girls', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['high risk sexual behaviour', 'HRSB']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['high risk sexual behaviour']


abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between presented morbidity in consecutive periods of time in the first 35 years of life. Data were collected in a large rural general practice from 1946 to 1990 and covered 103 @entity1 born between 1946 and 1959 in a general practice in the east of The Netherlands. Morbidity scores were calculated for all registered diagnoses in 5-year periods. Morbidity was allocated to three degrees of seriousness, to all @entity74 , and to eight important diagnosis groups. There were strong correlations between consecutive time periods for all but serious morbidity. The same pattern was found between 0-4 years of age and consecutive periods till the age of 20-25. After this age no significant correlations could be established. @entity74 were inter-related in the first 20 years of life. Strong correlations were also found for @entity484 and @entity1729 in the first 20 years, while strong correlations were found for accidents and nervous complaints between the ages of 20 and 35. We conclude that causes of morbidity presented in general practice in childhood and adulthood are strongly inter-related over consecutive 5-year periods.

title: Morbidity from childhood to adulthood. The medical life history of 103 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Atopic disorders', 'atopic disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) is the most potent antioxidant @entity3978 in green tea. In the present study, we investigated whether @entity3090 plays a role in the expression of @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ), protein kinase C (PKC) a/bII, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) in glomerular epithelial cells (GECs) against high- @entity413 injury. Treatment with high @entity413 (30 mM) increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS)/lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) in GECs. Pretreatment with 100   M @entity3090 attenuated the increase in ROS/LPO and restored the levels of @entity2197 , whereas ROS, LPO, and @entity2197 levels were not affected by treatment with 30 mM @entity2656 as an osmotic control. Interestingly, high- @entity413 treatment affected 3 separate signal transduction pathways in GECs. It increased the expression of @entity2533 , @entity10185 /bII, and NF-kB in GECs, respectively. @entity3090 (1, 10, 100   M) pretreatment significantly decreased the expression of @entity2533 induced by high @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, @entity3090 (100   M) inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity10185 /bII caused by @entity413 at 30 mM. Moreover, @entity3090 (1, 10, 100   M) pretreatment significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of NF-kB induced by high @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner. These data suggest that @entity3090 could be a useful factor in modulating the injury to GECs caused by high @entity413 .

title: Effects of @entity3089 on the Expression of @entity2533 , XXXX /bII, and NF-kB in High- @entity413 -Stimulated Glomerular Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1']

answer: @entity10185 :: (5578,Gene) :: ['PKC a']


abstract: Neuropathological studies in experimental and @entity1 @entity726 have shown degenerative changes in the optic pathway. The purpose of the study was to evaluate, with conventional MRI and magnetisation transfer imaging, the brain and the optic pathway of @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). 26 @entity1 , aged 67.4+/-8.6 years, and 26 control subjects were studied. The presence of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) was evaluated on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images of the brain. The area of the optic nerves was assessed on coronal short tau inversion recovery images. Magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) was measured in the chiasm and in the grey and white matter (CGM and CWM) of the calcarine fissure. More @entity62 were observed in @entity1 (total 261, mean 10.8, standard deviation 12.7) than in control subjects (total 127, mean 4.7, standard deviation 5.7; p<0.001). The area (mm(2)) of optic nerves (10.7+/-5.7) and the MTR (%) of the chiasm (53.7+/-8.4), the CWM (60.9+/-4.2) and the CGM (53.6+/-5.6) were all lower in @entity1 than in control subjects (13.6+/-4.3, 62.1+/-6.2, 67.6+/-8.6 and 57.0+/-4.6, respectively; p<0.05). The area of optic nerves showed significant correlation with the MTR of the chiasm (R = 0.41), the MTR of the CGM (R = 0.33), the MTR of the CWM (R = 0.34) and the cup to disc ratio (R = -0.46). @entity725 leads to @entity1952 and degeneration of the optic pathway. The finding of an increase in the number of @entity62 suggests that @entity66 may play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity725 .

title: Conventional MRI and magnetisation transfer imaging of the brain and optic pathway in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WMH', 'white matter hyperintensities']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Treatment of acute @entity385 within three hours with intravenous @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ) has been recently approved by the European Drug Agency. We present the development of an internal organization system that has permitted thrombolytic treatment in our center without previous experience as well as the results of the first year. @entity1 AND METHOD: Development of the thrombolysis educational program for the staff informed, of the internal organization system, and combined care protocols among the participating services. Prospective registry of @entity1 treated with @entity3479 within the period 1/2004-2/2006. We collected demographic data, @entity64 assessment scales score (NIHSS), time to treatment, seven day and three months mortality, symptomatic @entity548 , functional independency at three months, early significant improvement and significant deterioration. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity1 were treated. Mean age: 65 +/- 13 years; 56% @entity1 . Mean NIHSS pre-treatment: 14 +/- 4.7. Mean time to hospital arrival: 62 +/- 40 minutes; door-to-treatment: 68 +/- 22 minutes, and mean time from @entity64 onset to treatment: 130 +/- 31 minutes. Symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation: 5.8%. Systemic @entity548 : 3.8%. Seven day mortality: 5.6%; three months mortality: 15.1%. Early significant improvement: 51%. Significant @entity16 : 7.5%. Functional independency at three months: 51%. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of acute @entity385 within three hours with intravenous @entity3479 is safe and is associated with a favourable outcome when it is applied by neurologists specifically trained in acute @entity64 management.

title: [Thrombolytic treatment in acute XXXX in a center without previous experience. Development of internal organization and first results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhagic transformation, systemic bleedings']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity19887 is a rare, potentially fatal, complication of late pregnancy. The incidence is estimated at 1:7000-1:15000 pregnancies. Presentation is classically with malaise, @entity390 and @entity391 , @entity490 and rarely @entity75 . Prolongation of laboratory clotting tests is an early feature. Ultrasound examination of the liver is performed to exclude @entity1448 . Rapid clinical deterioration may occur and urgent delivery should be organised. Anaesthetists form part of a multidisciplinary approach before, during and after delivery but there are few reports of anaesthetic involvement. One dilemma facing an anaesthetist called to assist in these cases is the potentially negative effect of general anaesthesia on @entity99 versus the risks associated with regional anaesthesia in the presence of @entity1003 . @entity86 may also be complicated by @entity8 . We present three cases that occurred in our unit in a 6-month period illustrating the spectrum of disease severity and the successful use of different anaesthetic techniques to facilitate management including delivery.

title: XXXX ; three cases and discussion of analgesia and anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal and hepatic function']

entities_list: @entity19887 :: ('MESH:C537957', 'Disease') :: ['Acute fatty liver of pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['biliary stasis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity19887 :: (MESH:C537957,Disease) :: ['Acute fatty liver of pregnancy']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate inactivation effect and mechanism of @entity1947 nanoparticles ( @entity1948 NPs) activity against @entity5363 biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1948 NPs with concentrations of 0, 0  6, 1  2 and 6  mmol  l(-1) were employed in antimicrobial tests against Camp.  @entity5363 planktonic cells and biofilms. @entity5363 sessile cells in biofilms were more resistant to a low concentration of @entity1948 NPs when compared to planktonic cells. The @entity1948 NPs penetrated the @entity3144 ( @entity3144 ) without damage to the @entity3144 and directly interacted with the sessile bacterial cells, as determined using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Raman spectroscopy shows alterations in @entity3276 structures and damage to nucleic acids following Camp.  @entity5363 treatment with @entity1948 NPs. The mechanism of DNA damage is most likely due to the generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). Spectroscopic-based partial least squares regression (PLSR) models could predict the number of surviving sessile cell numbers within a bacterial biofilm (>= log 4 CFU, root mean square error of estimation <0  36) from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral measurements. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1948 NPs were found to have antimicrobial activity against Camp.  @entity5363 biofilms. @entity1948 NPs penetrated the biofilm @entity3144 within 1  h without damaging it and interacted directly with sessile cells in biofilms. Alterations in the DNA/RNA bases, which are owing to the generation of ROS, appear to result in Camp.  @entity5363 cell death. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: @entity1948 NPs may offer a realistic strategy to eliminate Camp.  @entity5363 biofilms in the environment.

title: Examination of nanoparticle inactivation of XXXX biofilms using infrared and Raman spectroscopies.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'extracellular polymeric substance']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'jejuni']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: CONTEXT: Intracranial complications of rhinosinusitis are rare in the post-antibiotic era. However, due to potentially devastating outcomes, prompt recognition and management are essential. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to perform the first systematic review of the @entity1504 of rhinosinusitis in order to better characterize their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment, and report a case of frontal lobe @entity1244 . DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. STUDY SELECTION: Full-text, peer-reviewed journal publications from 1947 to January 1, 2015 in English; focus on @entity1504 of @entity1244 ; pediatric @entity1 (<18 years of age); studies including data on diagnostic workup and treatment. DATA EXTRACTION: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: Sixteen studies involving 180 @entity1 were included. An overwhelming majority of @entity1 were young adolescent males (70%). The most common @entity1504 were @entity3553 (49%), @entity7181 (36%), @entity867 (21%), and @entity693 (10%). @entity1 most often presented with nonspecific symptoms such as @entity10 , @entity221 , @entity390 and @entity391 . Computed tomography with contrast or magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the diagnosis when @entity1504 were suspected. Typical treatment included @entity954 and @entity14696 , combined with a long course of antibiotics. The morbidity rate was 27%, and the mortality rate was 3.3%. LIMITATIONS: All studies were retrospective chart reviews, case series or case reports. CONCLUSIONS: A review of the currently available literature shows that with a high degree of suspicion, multidisciplinary cooperation and aggressive treatment, favorable outcomes are attainable. The most effective surgical treatment for @entity1504 remains unclear and should be investigated further.

title: Systematic review and case report: Intracranial complications of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis', 'empyema secondary to pediatric frontoethmoid sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['subdural empyema']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial complications']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['drainage, often involving joint neurosurgical and otolaryngological procedures']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['surgical incision']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity7181 :: ('MESH:D020802', 'Disease') :: ['epidural abscess']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral abscess']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressants that act on two or more amine neurotransmitters may confer higher remission rates when first-line agents affecting a single neurotransmitter have failed. @entity399 , a @entity935 agonist, has antidepressant effects in @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ). This pilot study examined the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with @entity399 and the selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) @entity837 in @entity308 . METHODS: In this double-blind, controlled, pilot study, 39 @entity1 with DSM-IV @entity308 who had failed to respond to a standard antidepressant treatment trial were randomized to receive @entity399 (n=13), @entity837 (n=13), or their combination (n=13) for six weeks. @entity399 was started at 0.375 mg/day and titrated weekly up to 2.25 mg/day; @entity837 dosage remained at 10 mg/day. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS: Subjects receiving @entity399 monotherapy had significantly lower MADRS scores than the combination group (p=0.01); no other primary drug comparisons were significant. The combination group had a substantially higher dropout rate than the @entity837 and @entity399 groups (69%, 15%, 15%, respectively). Only 15% of @entity1 in the combination group tolerated regularly scheduled increases of @entity399 throughout the study, compared with 46% of @entity1 in the @entity399 group. LIMITATIONS: Group size was small and the treatment phase lasted for only six weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of an SSRI and a @entity935 agonist was not more effective than either agent alone, nor did it produce a more rapid onset of antidepressant action. Combination therapy with @entity837 and @entity399 may not be well-tolerated.

title: Combining a XXXX agonist and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of @entity308 : a double-blind, randomized pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['Pramipexole', 'pramipexole']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: The effect of being overweight on survival in @entity4348 of the endometrium was examined at different ages in this article. The body mass index [body weight/height(m2)] was evaluated in 287 Japanese @entity1 with @entity4348 . Overweight individuals were defined as those with a body mass index of 24.5 or more. The subjects were divided into two groups, including a younger age group ( @entity1 less than 50 years of age) and an older age group ( @entity1 50 years of age or more). Being overweight was thus analyzed to see if it had any influence on survival. The body mass index ranged from 15 to 40 (mean +/- SD; 23.0 +/- 3.9). Twenty-six (32.1%) of 81 subjects in the younger age group and 78 (37.9%) of 206 subjects in the older age group were found to be overweight. In the younger age group, we could find no effect of being overweight on survival. In the older age group, the cumulative 10-year survival rate was 75.2% in normal weight subjects and 89.4% in overweight subjects (P < 0.02). However, the histologic grade, depth of @entity3 , cervical invasion, @entity3 , ovarian @entity3 , and lymph node @entity3 showed no significant difference between normal weight and overweight subjects in both the younger and older age groups. In a multivariate analysis, being overweight was a better independent prognostic factor in older age group. Being overweight may contribute to the heterogenous etiology of @entity4348 in the older age group.

title: The effect of being overweight on survival in XXXX of the endometrium at different ages.

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma', 'endometrioid carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases', 'lymphovascular invasion', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no standard cytotoxic treatments for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 beyond third-line therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity12418 monotherapy as a salvage treatment in heavily pretreated @entity1149 @entity1 . METHODS: The records of @entity1149 @entity1 who received @entity12418 monotherapy as a third or later line of chemotherapy at a Kitasato University Hospital between January 2009 and December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity12418 was administered to @entity1 by intravenous injection at a dose of 35 or 40 mg/m(2) daily on 3 consecutive days, and cycles were repeated at 3-week intervals. RESULTS: There were 36 @entity1 who met the inclusion criteria. Their median number of prior chemotherapy treatments was 4 (range 2-7), and the median number of chemotherapy cycles per @entity1 was 4 (range 1-9). Grade 3 or 4 hematologic @entity137 included @entity1398 (61.1%), @entity1431 (58.3%), @entity882 (22.2%) and @entity417 (11.1%). @entity1398 occurred in 8 @entity1 (22.2%). Nonhematologic @entity137 were mild. The overall response rate, median progression-free survival time and median survival time were 8.3%, 1.7 months, and 6.3 months, respectively. Progression-free survival time was the same, i.e. 1.7 months in both groups i.e. the 35- and the 40-mg/m(2)-dose groups. CONCLUSION: @entity12418 exhibits modest activity and acceptable @entity137 when used as a third or later line of chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX as a third or later line of chemotherapy for advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12418 :: ('MESH:C055866', 'Chemical') :: ['amrubicin', 'Amrubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity12418 :: (MESH:C055866,Chemical) :: ['amrubicin']


abstract: @entity1140 ( @entity1140 , Prograf), marketed for the prophylaxis of organ rejection following allogenic liver or kidney transplantation, is virtually completely metabolized. The major metabolic pathways are @entity11670 3A4-mediated hydroxylation and demethylation. Since @entity11670 hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes may be @entity409 , a study was conducted to characterize oral and intravenous @entity1140 pharmacokinetics in 6 @entity1 with mild @entity409 and compared with parameters to those from normal subjects obtained in a separate study. @entity1 received two treatments: a single 0.020 mg/kg ideal body weight (IBW) i.v. dose infused over 4 hours and approximately 0.12 mg/kg IBW orally; normal subjects were dosed at 0.02 mg/kg 4-hour i.v. and 5 mg (0.065 mg/kg) p.o. Mean blood pharmacokinetic parameters with mild @entity409 were as follows: clearance = 0.035 L/h/kg, terminal exponential volume of distribution = 2.59 L/kg, terminal exponential half-life = 60.6 hours (i.v.), p.o. maximum blood concentration = 48.2 ng/mL, time of p.o. maximum blood concentration = 1.5 hours, and absolute bioavailability = 22.3%. The respective parameters in normal subjects were as follows: 0.040 L/h/kg, 1.91 L/kg, 34.2 hours (i.v.), 29.7 ng/mL, 1.6 hours, and 17.8%. Inasmuch as clearance and bioavailability were not substantially different from that in normal subjects, @entity1 with mild @entity409 may initially be treated with conventional @entity1140 doses, with subsequent dosage adjustments based on response, @entity137 , and therapeutic drug monitoring.

title: Comparative XXXX pharmacokinetics: normal versus mildly hepatically impaired subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impaired in hepatic dysfunction', 'hepatic dysfunction', 'hepatic impairment']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['FK506', 'Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: The topogenesis of the hindlimb nerves of @entity6646 homozygous mutant @entity19 embryos was studied using light and electron microscopy. Homozygous mutants show multiple defects of neural crest-derived tissues. The defects increase along a rostro-caudal gradient. The cervical and upper @entity1347 have small spinal ganglia, and Schwann cells are associated with the spinal nerves. In the lumbo-sacral region neurulation is not complete, and the derivatives of the neural crest are missing. The lumbo-sacral nerve trunks are formed by ventral roots only. They are occasionally associated with presumptive glial cells that have migrated from the spinal cord for a short distance. Beyond the vertebral primordia, the spinal nerves are not accompanied by Schwann cells. No compartmentalization of the @entity528 was visible, whereas Schwann cells did segment the nerve into the fascicles in @entity11438 . The lumbo-sacral plexus develops, and its branches grow into the hindlimb despite the absence of Schwann cells. On day 13.5 of gestation, the lumbo-sacral nerve trunks extend well into the distal @entity291 . They are topographically correctly positioned. Their branches enter the muscle primordia and form contacts with their mesenchymal cells though the cutaneous branches are missing. Generally, the outgrowth of @entity129 is slower than in phenotypically normal littermates, whose nerves reach the foot plate at corresponding stages of development. These results demonstrate that the lumbo-sacral plexus and the topographically correct position of lumbo-sacral nerve trunks develop despite the absence of Schwann cells. Therefore Schwann cells are not necessary for the outgrowth and guidance of axons within the limb.

title: Schwann cells are not required for guidance of motor nerves in the hindlimb in XXXX mutant @entity19 embryos.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['lumbo-sacral nerves']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic segments']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['brachial nerves']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axons within the lumbo-sacral nerves']

answer: @entity6646 :: (18505(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Splotch']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high incidence of @entity64 , only a minority of @entity1 are enrolled in @entity64 treatment trials. We aimed to identify factors associated with participation in clinical trials of novel therapeutic agents for @entity64 . METHODS: Prospective survey of @entity1 with @entity64 <72 hours from onset. A structured interview was administered to the @entity1 or primary decision-maker. If offered participation in an actual acute treatment trial, questions focused on decisions about that trial; otherwise a similar mock trial was proposed. The primary outcome was whether the subject agreed to participate in the proposed trial. RESULTS: A total of 200 subjects (47% @entity1 , 53% proxies) completed the survey: mean age 63 +/- 14 years, 47% @entity1 , 44% white, 50% black. A real acute trial was offered to 22%; others were offered a mock trial. Overall, 57% (95% confidence interval: 50%-64%) of respondents stated they would participate in the proposed acute treatment trial. There were no differences with respect to age, sex, race, educational level, self-assessed @entity64 severity or @entity64 type, vascular risk factors, or comorbidities. Misconceptions about key research concepts were found in 50% but did not impact participation. Participation was associated with the perceived risk of the proposed trial intervention (p < 0.001), prior general attitudes about research (p < 0.001), and influences attributed to family, religion, and other personal beliefs (p < 0.001). @entity1 were more likely to participate than proxy decision-makers (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Demographic factors, clinical factors, and prior knowledge about research have little impact on the decision to participate in @entity64 clinical trials. Preexisting negative attitudes and external influences about research strongly inhibit participation. @entity1 are more inclined to participate than their proxy decision-makers.

title: Who will participate in XXXX trials?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: There have been reports of disruption of embryonic development following exposure of pregnant @entity1 to @entity10519 . In the present study, the embryotoxicity of @entity8336 , @entity11574 , @entity7935 , @entity8886 , and its metabolite, @entity13689 , was evaluated using the in vitro culture of postimplantation @entity35 embryos. Possible interactions between @entity8336 , @entity11574 , and @entity7935 were also studied using mixtures of these solvents. The results of the study showed that @entity8336 , @entity11574 , @entity7935 , and @entity8886 all have a concentration-dependent embryotoxic effect on the developing @entity35 embryo in vitro. @entity8886 was embryotoxic at a lower concentration (1.00 mumol/mL) than @entity7935 (1.56 mumol/mL), @entity8336 (2.25 mumol/mL), or @entity11574 (1.89 mumol/mL). The metabolite of @entity8886 , @entity13689 , was embryotoxic at a concentration (0.038 mumol/mL). more than 20 times less than the parent compound. There was no evidence of a synergistic interaction between @entity8336 , @entity11574 , and @entity7935 in causing embryotoxicity; the solvents interacted in an additive manner. The embryos were exposed to the solvents for 40 h of the organogenic period. When the levels of solvents found to be embryotoxic in the present study are compared to blood levels in the @entity1 following industrial exposure or solvent abuse, it appears unlikely that the threshold blood levels for embryotoxicity would be exceeded in the workplace. However, the possibility that exposure to solvents earlier or later or throughout the entire organogenic period might result in a different conclusion cannot be excluded.

title: In vitro assessment of individual and interactive effects of XXXX on embryonic development of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8886 :: ('MESH:D020058', 'Chemical') :: ['Styrene', 'styrene']

entities_list: @entity10519 :: ('MESH:D006841', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity13689 :: ('MESH:C013690', 'Chemical') :: ['styrene oxide']

answer: @entity10519 :: (MESH:D006841,Chemical) :: ['aromatic hydrocarbons']