abstract: AIM: To determine the association between @entity7868 detection and periodontal status in systemically healthy non-smokers and to assess whether @entity7868 was related to quantities of @entity8209 and @entity2523 on the tongue dorsum. METHODS: Periodontal examinations, tongue coating determination, Halimeter   readings and organoleptic assessments of mouth odour were performed in 28 chronic @entity2521 @entity1 , 23 @entity102 @entity1 and 27 healthy individuals. The quantities of @entity2523 and @entity8209 were determined in tongue specimens by real-time PCR. RESULTS: Halitosis was more likely to be detected in @entity1 with @entity2521 (OR = 9.2) and @entity2522 (OR = 4.6) than in healthy subjects. The posterior tongue odour was similar for all groups; had the highest score of all organoleptic assessments and was significantly correlated with Halimeter   scores and the odour of the whole mouth air. @entity2521 @entity1 harboured significantly greater amounts of @entity2523 on their tongue, yet similar quantities of @entity8209 compared to @entity2522 @entity1 and healthy subjects. The amount of @entity2523 residing on the tongue dorsum of @entity2521 @entity1 was significantly associated with @entity7868 recordings, while the amount of @entity8209 was related to tongue coating in healthy controls, which corroborates its role in biofilm formation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity2520 were at higher risk for @entity7868 detection than healthy individuals. The posterior portion of the tongue dorsum seems to be an important source of odourous compounds, regardless of periodontal condition. @entity2523 residing on the tongue of @entity2521 @entity1 may play a key role in oral malodour production.

title: Association between oral malodour and XXXX -related parameters in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis']

entities_list: @entity8209 :: ('851', 'Species') :: ['F. nucleatum', 'Fusobacterium nucleatum']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis', 'Periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['periodontal disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bone healing is still one of the most important problems of the oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of @entity7855 (which is used for @entity323 ) on @entity79 healing in an experimental animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 male @entity35 -albino @entity35 were randomly assigned to the control group (n=21) or the study group (n=21). The control group was fed on a standard laboratory diet until 12 h before surgery, whereas the study group received @entity7855 via orogastric tube 10 mg/kg once a day for 30 days. Under anaesthesia, a 3 x 3 x 2 mm depth defect was made on tibia of each @entity35 . 7 animals from each group were euthanised on postoperative days 7,15 and 30. Bone samples were taken for examination, histologically on day 7, by 3D dental tomography on day 15, and for bone strength resistance on day 30. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were determined between the groups from the inflammatory and repair phase, with the healing process being more advanced in the @entity7855 group. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7855 can be used as a supporting factor to accelerate the healing process of bone. In future comprehensive studies will need to demonstrate the @entity7855 affect on @entity79 healing.

title: Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors may facilitate XXXX recovery.

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil citrate', 'Sildenafil', 'Sildenafil citrate']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defect']


abstract: Progressive augmentation (PA) and ventilatory long-term facilitation (vLTF) of respiratory motor output are forms of respiratory plasticity that are initiated during exposure to intermittent @entity519 . The present study was designed to determine whether PA and vLTF are enhanced in @entity27 ( @entity27 ) @entity1 compared to matched healthy controls. The study was also designed to determine whether administration of an antioxidant cocktail mitigates PA and vLTF. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity25 and 13 controls completed two trials. During both trials @entity1 were exposed to intermittent @entity519 which included twelve 4-min episodes of @entity519 (P(ETCO(2)), 50 mmHg; P(ETCO(2)), 4 mmHg above baseline) followed by 30 min of recovery. Prior to exposure to intermittent @entity519 , @entity1 were administered, in a randomized fashion, either an antioxidant or a placebo cocktail. Baseline measures of minute ventilation during the placebo and antioxidant trials were not different between or within groups. During the placebo trial, PA was evident in both groups; however it was enhanced in the @entity27 group compared to control (last @entity519 episode 36.9 +/- 2.8 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.2 l min(-1); P <or= 0.01). Likewise, vLTF was evident during the recovery period in both groups; on the other hand vLTF was greater in the @entity27 group compared to control (29.3 +/- 2.8 vs. 20.4 +/- 1.3 l min(-1); P <or= 0.01). PA and vLTF were reduced in the @entity27 group following antioxidant administration compared to the placebo (PA 30.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 36.9 +/- 2.8 l min(-1), P <or= 0.01; vLTF 23.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 29.3 +/- 2.8 l min(-1), P <or= 0.05). We conclude that PA and vLTF are enhanced in @entity1 with @entity27 and that these forms of respiratory plasticity are mitigated after treatment with an antioxidant cocktail.

title: Progressive augmentation and ventilatory long-term facilitation are enhanced in XXXX @entity1 and are mitigated by antioxidant administration.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnoea']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep apnoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently, the main obstacle to curing advanced @entity263 is development of @entity342 independence (AI), where malignant cells acquire the ability to survive in the absence of @entity3800 . Our initial experimental approach used cDNA microarrays to characterize changes in gene expression in the LNCaP @entity1 @entity263 model during progression to AI. The transcription factor Y-box binding protein ( @entity25536 ) was shown to be one of the genes upregulated. We focused on increased @entity25536 expression during progression in clinical specimens, and further examined one of its downstream targets, @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ). METHODS: Northern blot analysis was performed on LNCaP @entity5 series, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of @entity1 @entity263 tissue samples. @entity25536 was transiently transfected and transport analysis were performed to analyze @entity1262 efflux activity. RESULTS: @entity25536 expression is markedly increased during benign to malignant transformation and further following @entity342 ablation. In addition, increased @entity25536 expression after castration in the LNCaP model is linked to upregulation of @entity1262 . We demonstrate that @entity25536 upregulates @entity1262 activity resulting in a 40% intracellular decrease in the @entity1262 substrate @entity5713 . We have also found that @entity1262 increases the efflux of the endogenous @entity342 , @entity586 ( @entity587 ), from prostate cells and leads to decreased @entity342 regulated gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that early in @entity263 progression, increased expression of @entity25536 may increase @entity1262 activity which may in turn lower @entity342 levels in the @entity263 cells. Suppression of @entity342 levels may activate cell survival pathways and lead to an adaptive survival advantage of @entity342 independent @entity263 cells following @entity342 ablation therapy.

title: @entity25536 is upregulated during XXXX @entity5 progression and increases @entity1262 activity.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: Low @entity251 accompanied by elevated @entity53 associates with the development of @entity209 in @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the hypothesis that alterations in sex @entity134 levels induce @entity209 through adipokines. DESIGN: Circulating levels of sex @entity230 and 28 adipokines were determined in a cross-sectional study of morbidly @entity28 @entity1 and aged-matched controls, as well as in a randomized clinical trial with healthy young @entity1 in which obesity-related alterations in sex @entity134 levels were mimicked by treatment with an aromatase inhibitor plus @entity53 patches. RESULTS: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 had lower @entity251 levels than normal-weight controls. @entity53 levels were increased in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 (without @entity4989 ) as compared to normal-weight controls. Circulating levels of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including @entity1193 , @entity225 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity1243 , @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1a, positively associated with @entity53 and negatively with @entity251 . The associations with @entity53 , but not with @entity251 , remained significant after adjusting for adipocyte cell size. In a separate clinical trial, the direct adverse effects of lowering @entity251 and raising @entity53 on @entity2842 were substantiated in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Initial alterations in sex @entity134 levels may contribute to @entity209 through adverse effects on adipokine levels in @entity28 @entity1 . The direct adverse effects on @entity2842 , a chemokine highly linked to the development of @entity209 , were substantiated in a trial mimicking obesity-related alterations of sex @entity134 levels in healthy young males.

title: Sex @entity134 -induced changes in circulating @entity2842 levels may contribute to @entity209 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein 1']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Animal models have linked early maternal separation with lifelong changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. Although this is paralleled in @entity1 studies, this is often in the context of other life adversities, for example, divorce or adoption, and it is not known whether early separation in the absence of these factors has long term effects on the @entity1636 . AIMS: The Finnish experience in World War II created a natural experiment to test whether separation from a father serving in the armed forces or from both parents due to war evacuation are associated with alterations in @entity1636 response to psychosocial stress in late adulthood. METHOD: 282 subjects (M=63.5 years, SD=2.5), of whom 85 were non-separated, 129 were separated from their father, and 68 were separated from both their caregivers during WWII, were enlisted to participate in a Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), during which we measured salivary @entity701 and, for 215 individuals, plasma @entity701 and ACTH concentrations. We used mixed models to study whether parental separation is associated with salivary and plasma @entity701 or plasma ACTH reactivity, and linear regressions to analyse differences in the baseline, or incremental area under the @entity701 or ACTH curves. RESULTS: @entity1 separated from their father did not differ significantly from non-separated @entity1 . However, those separated from both parents had higher average salivary @entity701 and plasma ACTH concentrations across all time points compared to the non-separated group. They also had higher salivary @entity701 reactivity to the TSST. Separated @entity1 had higher baselines in plasma @entity701 and ACTH, whereas @entity1 had higher reactivity in response to stress during the TSST. @entity1 who had experienced the separation in early childhood were more affected than @entity1 separated during infancy or school age. CONCLUSIONS: Separation from parents during childhood may alter an individual's stress physiology much later in adult life.

title: Childhood separation experience predicts XXXX hormonal responses in late adulthood: a natural experiment of World War II.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'children', 'human', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1636 :: (MESH:D018268,Disease) :: ['HPA axis']


abstract: This study examined whether the addition of an antioxidant to cryopreservation medium could improve the post-thaw integrity of cryopreserved @entity1 spermatozoa, particularly from @entity1 with abnormal semen parameters. Semen samples were collected by masturbation and assessed following WHO standards. Normal (n = 23) and abnormal (n = 20) samples were divided into three aliquots prior to cryopreservation. The first aliquot remained untreated and was mixed with cryopreservation medium (in-house 1:1). The second and third aliquots were mixed with cryopreservation medium containing either 100 micromol or 200 micromol @entity270 analogue. Samples were frozen at -10 degrees C per minute to -80 degrees C, then plunged into liquid @entity1568 . Thawed samples were assessed for motility, vitality and DNA integrity. Split-plot repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess within-subject (dose) and between-group (normal/abnormal) differences in post-thaw motility index, vitality staining and DNA fragmentation. @entity270 dose was significantly associated with post-thaw motility (P = 0.041) and the pattern of response across doses was similar for normal and abnormal groups. Post-thaw motility was significantly improved by the addition of 200 micromol @entity270 (P = 0.006), but neither vitality nor sperm DNA fragmentation were altered. These results suggest that the addition of @entity270 to cryopreservation medium improves post-thaw motility.

title: Effect of antioxidant supplementation of cryopreservation medium on post-thaw integrity of XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E', 'vitamin E']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Accumulation of the amyloid protein ( @entity477 ) in the brain is an important step in the pathogenesis of @entity195 . However, the mechanism by which @entity477 exerts its @entity2359 effect is largely unknown. It has been suggested that the peptide can bind to the alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor (alpha7nAChR). In this study, we examined the binding of @entity30165 to endogenous and recombinantly expressed alpha7nAChRs. Abeta1-42 did neither inhibit the specific binding of alpha7nAChR ligands to @entity35 brain homogenate or slice preparations, nor did it influence the activity of alpha7nAChRs expressed in @entity1238 oocytes. Similarly, Abeta1-42 did not compete for alpha-bungarotoxin-binding sites on SH-SY5Y cells stably expressing alpha7nAChRs. The effect of the Abeta1-42 on tau phosphorylation was also examined. Although Abeta1-42 altered tau phosphorylation in alpha7nAChR-transfected SH-SY5Y cells, the effect of the peptide was unrelated to alpha7nAChR expression or activity. Binding studies using surface plasmon resonance indicated that the majority of the @entity477 bound to membrane lipid, rather than to a protein component. Fluorescence anisotropy experiments indicated that @entity477 may disrupt membrane lipid structure or fluidity. We conclude that the effects of @entity477 are unlikely to be mediated by direct binding to the alpha7nAChR. Instead, we speculate that @entity477 may exert its effects by altering the packing of lipids within the plasma membrane, which could, in turn, influence the function of a variety of receptors and channels on the cell surface.

title: The beta-amyloid protein of XXXX binds to membrane lipids but does not bind to the alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptor.

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: @entity3264 ( @entity367 ) plays various roles directly or through conversions to other @entity3534 in intracellular metabolisms such as energy source for enterocytes and precursor for nucleic acids. In this study, we examined the effect of single and chronic oral administration of @entity367 on cell proliferation in intestine and growth in @entity5660 fed @entity1460 meal (SBM) based diet. In the single dose study, 30, 120 and 360  min after oral administration of 50 and 500  mg/kg @entity367 , the blood and intestine tissues were collected for @entity3689 concentration and gene expression analysis. Cell-proliferation was detected 24  h after administration using @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) in intestine. In the chronic experiment, fish were fed SBM-based diet added 1 and 2  % of @entity367 for 8  weeks. Final body weight, plasma @entity3689 concentrations, gene expression and cell-proliferation in the intestine were analyzed. The expressions of some nucleic acid-synthesis related genes were significantly increased 30  min after administration of 50  mg/kg of @entity367 . After 8  weeks of feeding, the fish fed SBM-based diet showed significantly lower body weight and microvillus thickness in proximal intestine. Supplementation of 2  % of @entity367 in the SBM-based feed improved both of them. Though it was not significant difference, @entity367 tended to increase cell-proliferation in the proximal intestine dose-dependently in both single and chronic administration. Our experiment indicates that @entity367 has positive effect on @entity5660 fed SBM-based feed by reforming proximal intestine through altering cell-proliferation.

title: @entity3264 promotes nucleotide synthesis in the gut and improves availability of @entity1460 meal feed in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromo-deoxy uridine', 'BrdU']

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the pregnancy outcome, including long-term follow-up of the offspring, of pregnant @entity1 with @entity11102 . METHODS: A surveillance study performed over 19 years identified eight pregnant @entity1 with @entity11102 . A case of @entity11102 was defined as a @entity1 with a history of cat contact with regional @entity3298 , other manifestations, or a combination of these consistent with the disease and one or more confirmatory laboratory tests. The clinical and laboratory manifestations and pregnancy outcome of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity11102 during pregnancy are described. RESULTS: Five of the eight pregnant @entity1 had @entity66 with regional @entity3298 ; two had regional @entity3298 with @entity4841 , @entity925 , and @entity5406 ; and one had @entity2479 . Delayed diagnosis was common, although all @entity1 had a history of recent cat exposure. One @entity1 who presented with clinical @entity11102 during the first month of pregnancy had a @entity2208 . Another elected to terminate the pregnancy because of concerns related to radiation associated with abdominal computed tomography scan performed as part of an evaluation for suspected @entity5 . The other six @entity1 gave birth to healthy newborns without @entity154 . No sequelae were recorded in mothers or @entity1 during a median follow-up of 4.5 years (range 0.5-9.5 years). CONCLUSION: With the exception of one early @entity2208 in which causality to @entity11102 could not be established, neither deleterious effects of @entity11102 on newborns nor reports of long-term sequelae were found. Physicians, especially family physicians and obstetrician-gynecologists need to be more familiar with the clinical manifestations of @entity11102 . Close monitoring of infected @entity1 during pregnancy is advisable until more data are available to determine the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['typical disease']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['cat scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenitis']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['erythema nodosum']

answer: @entity11102 :: (MESH:D002372,Disease) :: ['Cat scratch disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Remnant @entity356 (RGC) is a unique clinical entity with relatively less frequency in @entity356 series and often reported to be detected at advanced stages and had poor prognosis. METHODS: A total of 112 @entity1 with RGCs from July 1991 to July 2008 were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. RESULTS: A total number of 112 cases were composed of 20 (17.8%) differentiated @entity189 and 92 (82.2%) undifferentiated @entity189 . There are 64 (57.1%) @entity1 with @entity5 at anastomotic site and 48 (42.9%) @entity5 at nonanastomotic site. The diameter of @entity5 was >= 4 cm in 83 (74.1%) @entity1 . Borrmann III, IV accounted for 70.5% and 17.8% respectively. Three (2.6%) @entity1 were classified as stage I, 16 as stage II (14.2%), 62 as stage III (55.3%), and 31 (27.6%) as stage IV. Percentage of T4 stage was 57.1%. Distant @entity3 rate and lymph node @entity3 rate were 27.6% and 58.9%, respectively. There were numerous clinicopathologic differences according to different original disease, initial reconstruction, and @entity5 location. The median overall survival time was 27.9 months. TNM stage and option of treatments were independent prognostic factors in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The lifelong annual follow-up endoscopic examinations after the initial gastrectomy and radical resection may help to improve the prognosis of RGCs.

title: A retrospective clinicopathologic study of remnant XXXX after distal gastrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exenatide is an incretin mimetic licensed for treatment of @entity164 2 @entity6 poorly controlled despite maximally tolerated doses of oral therapy. Similar in structure to the natural incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 ( @entity6757 ), it helps restore underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. CASE REPORT: We report the successful use of exenatide, combined with insulin, in a 66-year-old @entity1 initially diagnosed with @entity164 2 @entity6 in 1989 but now exhibiting a @entity164 1 phenotype. Diet, lifestyle advice and oral @entity413 -lowering agents were commenced but persisting poor control necessitated insulin therapy in 2005. She later presented twice in @entity6 , suggesting conversion to a @entity164 1 phenotype (postprandial C-peptide < 94 pmol/l). Despite differing insulin regimens, control remained poor with frequent hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic excursions, severely impairing quality of life. Whilst an inpatient in 2007 [glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) 10.2%, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 kg/m(2)] exenatide was commenced in an attempt to stabilize glycaemic control. Dramatic improvements were seen and continued. Eight months later, HbA(1c) had fallen by 2% with an 8-kg @entity353 and 10-unit reduction in daily insulin dose. Quality of life dramatically improved. C-peptide remains undetectable. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1 with features of both @entity164 1 and @entity164 2 @entity6 benefited greatly from exenatide with insulin therapy. The improvement seen in glycaemic control could not be attributable to enhanced insulin secretion but could be as a result of a combination of the other incretin effects (postprandial glucagon suppression, delayed @entity356 and @entity353 secondary to increased satiety) all improving insulin sensitivity, reducing insulin dose and smoothing control.

title: Stabilizing effect of exenatide in a @entity1 with C-peptide-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal whether there was non-randomness in the occurrence of @entity3 and, if the non-randomness was denied, whether there were specific metastatic patterns in @entity2 @entity1 . @entity1 who presented with pathologically diagnosed @entity2 between January 1986 and March 2009 at our hospitals were included. A statistical method and conditional probability analysis were used to analyze the data. Under the condition of one metastatic organ A (lung, bone, brain, liver or adrenal gland; the 5 most common metastatic organs), we determined the conditional probability of distant @entity3 to a specific organ B, which was written as P(B   A), and compared it with the probability of distant @entity3 P(B). The study group consisted of 1,994 @entity1 . Of the 1,994 @entity1 , 839 (42.1%) had distant metastases at the time of the initial diagnosis of @entity2 . With the exception of the comparisons between P(lung) and P(lung   adrenal gland) and between P(adrenal gland) and P(adrenal gland   lung), there were statistically significant differences between P(B   A) and P(B) in the 5 metastatic organs. In addition, P(B   A) and P(C   B   A) varied according to each organ and P(confined to A), P(confined to A and B) and P(confined to A, B and C) were different in each metastatic organ. In @entity2 @entity1 , distant @entity3 occurred non-randomly and there may be certain specific patterns of distant @entity3 . The accumulation of knowledge of specific patterns of @entity3 may aid the approach to individualized treatments.

title: Application of conditional probability analysis to distant metastases from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The group A @entity4195 (GAS) @entity4195 is known to cause self-limiting @entity281 in @entity1 . The role of GAS pili in host cell adhesion and biofilm formation is likely fundamental in early colonization. Pilus genes are found in the FCT (fibronectin-binding protein, collagen-binding protein, and trypsin-resistant antigen) genomic region, which has been classified into nine subtypes based on the diversity of gene content and @entity377 sequence. Several epidemiological studies have indicated that FCT type 1 strains, including serotype M6, produce large amounts of monospecies biofilm in vitro. We examined the direct involvement of pili in biofilm formation by serotype M6 clinical isolates. In the majority of tested strains, deletion of the tee6 gene encoding pilus shaft protein T6 compromised the ability to form biofilm on an abiotic surface. Deletion of the fctX and srtB genes, which encode pilus ancillary protein and class C pilus-associated sortase, respectively, also decreased biofilm formation by a representative strain. Unexpectedly, these mutant strains showed increased @entity1423 compared with that of the wild-type strain. When the entire FCT type 1 pilus region was ectopically expressed in serotype M1 strain SF370, biofilm formation was promoted and autoaggregation was inhibited. These findings indicate that assembled FCT type 1 pili contribute to biofilm formation and also function as attenuators of @entity1423 . Taken together, our results show the potential role of FCT type 1 pili in the pathogenesis of @entity281 .

title: Involvement of T6 pili in biofilm formation by serotype M6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial aggregation']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity4195 :: ('1314', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes', 'streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['purulent infections', 'GAS infections']

answer: @entity4195 :: (1314,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pyogenes']


abstract: @entity2384 ( @entity2385 ), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been used commercially as a heat stabilizer, agricultural pesticide and component of antifouling paints. In this study, we investigated the effect of long-term exposure to endogenous levels of @entity2385 on neuronal @entity2227 receptors. Cultured @entity35 cortical neurons were exposed to 1-50 nM @entity2385 for 9 days (from day 2 to day 10 in vitro). The number of neurons was reduced by long-term exposure to 50 nM @entity2385 , but not to 1-20 nM @entity2385 . Long-term exposure to 20 nM @entity2385 decreased the mRNA expression of @entity2227 receptors @entity4474 , @entity4476 , @entity4860 and @entity139 , and increased that of @entity4319 , @entity18858 and @entity18857 . @entity139 protein was also reduced by long-term exposure to @entity2385 . Because @entity140 receptor lacking @entity139 exhibits @entity141 permeability, we investigated whether @entity141 influx or @entity2227 @entity137 was affected. Indeed, @entity2227 -induced @entity141 influx was increased in @entity2385 -treated neurons. Consistent with this, neurons became more susceptible to @entity2227 @entity137 as a result of long-term exposure to @entity2385 and this susceptibility was abolished by an antagonist of @entity139 -lacking @entity140 receptor. Thus, it is suggested that long-term exposure to endogenous levels of @entity2385 induces a decrease of @entity139 protein, causing neurons become more susceptible to @entity2227 @entity137 .

title: Long-term exposure to endogenous levels of @entity2384 decreases XXXX expression and increases neuronal vulnerability to @entity2227 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2384 :: ('MESH:C011559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tributyltin']

answer: @entity139 :: (29627(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['GluR2']


abstract: During the last decades the incidence of @entity5849 has been steadily rising. The chosen therapy has usually been unilateral salpingectomy. Recently, different conservative (tube-preserving) treatment-modalities have been introduced in clinical practice. We have tried conservative treatment by local injection of @entity22667 (total dose 2-4 mg) directly into the tubal pregnancy and, if feasible, also into the corpus luteum graviditate. The treatment was successful in 13 out of 16 @entity1 . In one @entity1 laparotomia was performed because of @entity158 , and revealed a haematoma in fossa Douglasi. Reinjection of @entity3009 was necessary in one @entity1 because of rising @entity6740 titres. One @entity1 was hospitalized for four days because of @entity390 and @entity158 . The treatment was otherwise successful. The method may be useful as a non-surgical alternative in haemodynamically stable @entity1 without @entity397 . Further studies are needed to evaluate the outcome in terms of future fertility.

title: [Conservative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tubal rupture']

entities_list: @entity5849 :: ('MESH:D011271', 'Disease') :: ['ectopic pregnancy']

answer: @entity5849 :: (MESH:D011271,Disease) :: ['ectopic pregnancy']


abstract: CONTEXT: Minimal @entity99 has been systematically investigated in cirrhotic @entity1 . Although, there are controversies regarding the best methods as well as the role of @entity3265 for its diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of minimal @entity99 diagnosed by neuropsychological and neurophysiological methods in cirrhotic @entity1 , as well as possible associated risk factors for this condition, including the role of arterial @entity3265 concentrations for its diagnosis. METHODS: Cirrhotic @entity1 were evaluated by the number connection test parts A and B (NCT-A and NCT-B), and auditory evoked-related potentials (P300). Minimal @entity99 was diagnosed by the presence of abnormal P300 and in unless one of the performed neuropsychologic tests. Arterial @entity3265 concentration, scholarity and @entity82 severity accessed by @entity1 -Pugh classification were evaluated in all. RESULTS: Forty-eight cirrhotic @entity1 were evaluated, with median age 50 +/- 8 years old, 79% male. The main etiologies were alcoholic and viral. The P300 was abnormal in 75% of cases, while NCT-A and NCT-B were abnormal in 58% and 65%, respectively. The NCT-B results were influenced by scholarity. The minimal @entity99 frequency was 50%. Arterial @entity3265 concentration was not significantly increased in minimal @entity99 diagnosed @entity1 (195 +/- 152 mmol/L versus 148 +/- 146 mmol/L; P>0,05). There was no difference between groups with or without minimal @entity99 in the other studied variables. CONCLUSION: Minimal @entity99 is a frequent condition in cirrhotic @entity1 . The arterial @entity3265 concentration does not play a major role in its diagnosis.

title: [Minimal @entity99 detection by neuropsychological and neurophysiological methods and the role of XXXX for its diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the response rate and @entity137 of Herceptin and @entity136 for @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 that overexpress @entity1722 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 with 2+/3 + @entity1722 expression by immunohistochemistry were eligible. @entity1 received @entity136 , 1 g/m2/week, for 7 of 8 weeks followed by 3 of every 4 weeks, and Herceptin, 4 mg/kg loading dose, followed by 2 mg/kg/week. RESULTS: Screening logs demonstrated the rate of @entity1722 overexpression was 16%. Thirty-four @entity1 were enrolled. Thirty @entity1 (88%) had @entity788 with 2+ overexpression and 4 @entity1 (12%) had 3+ overexpression. @entity137 was similar to @entity136 alone. Confirmed partial responses were observed in 2 of 32 @entity1 (6%). Thirteen of 32 @entity1 (41%) had either a partial response or a >50% reduction in CA 19-9. The median survival for all 34 @entity1 was 7 months, and the 1-year survival was 19%. CONCLUSION: The response rate of Herceptin and @entity136 is similar to @entity136 alone. The 7-month median survival in @entity1 with metastatic @entity788 suggests there may be a modest benefit for some @entity1 . Infrequent @entity1722 overexpression limits the role of targeting the @entity1722 gene and prevents definitive conclusions on the addition of Herceptin to gemcibine for @entity1 with @entity788 .

title: Herceptin and @entity136 for metastatic XXXX that overexpress @entity1722 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinomas', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In the present study we have elaborated a multivariate-multifactor diagnostic method for diagnosis of @entity63 and nonischemic @entity303 , and validated it using different @entity1 populations. Our purpose was to improve @entity303 diagnosis by means of comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and the control of intervening variables. METHODS: Data were obtained from 114 healthy volunteers to 101 @entity1 consecutively referred for suspected @entity303 . On the basis of neuromorphological criteria, the @entity1 sample was subdivided into those with @entity2806 (IL: N=12) and without @entity2806 (non-IL: N=89). The @entity1 groups and the @entity392 ( @entity392 ) were matched according to age, education, sex ratio and handedness. @entity1129 was administered to all the @entity1 . RESULTS: The two @entity1 groups differed in their @entity63 score, but not in terms of demographic variables, the Blessed rating scale, Mini Mental State, Geriatric Depression Scale, or other measures. Discriminant analysis selected fifteen neuropsychological variables from the comprehensive battery, and these were found to provide accuracy of classification in 98% of @entity392 and 87% of the @entity1 considered as a whole. Considering the three groups, those variables provided accuracy of classification in 98% of @entity392 , 82% of IL @entity1 and 82% of non-IL @entity1 . Subtests were internally consistent (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87) and a positive association between ischemic @entity73 was observed when the 15 dependent variables were added. DISCUSSION: It is possible to select a combination of cognitive tests that discriminated @entity392 from @entity303 @entity1 and, within this category, @entity1 with and without @entity2806 . Analysis of the 15 variables provides an improved method for diagnosis of @entity63 vs. @entity303 in @entity1 .

title: A novel neuropsychological assessment to discriminate between XXXX and nonischemic @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients', 'humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Hachinski ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic lesion dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['lesions and cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A comprehensive neuropsychological battery']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: AIM: A prospective study was conducted to assess the feasibility of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIB IMRT) in our setting. Acute @entity137 encountered during and immediately after treatment are reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Acute @entity137 data prospectively collected during the treatment of the evaluable 28 @entity1 with two SIB IMRT schedules were analysed. @entity137 was graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 3.0 system. Twenty-one @entity1 were treated with the SIB72 schedule, delivering 72, 66 and 57 Gy in 33 fractions to the gross @entity5 volume, the high-risk clinical target volume and the low-risk clinical target volume, respectively, whereas seven @entity1 were treated with the SIB66 schedule, delivering 66, 60 and 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the above volumes. No chemotherapy was given during the course of treatment. Descriptive analysis of the incidence and actuarial analysis of the duration of @entity137 are presented. RESULTS: Grade 3 or greater acute mucosal and actinic @entity137 were seen 42.9 and 14.3% of the @entity1 , respectively. Mucosal @entity137 appeared by the second week in most @entity1 . Atypical patterns of @entity33 were encountered, including one @entity1 with prolonged grade 4 mucosal ulceration in the SIB72 schedule. Grade 3 weight loss was seen in 10.57% of @entity1 . Grade 3 @entity158 was seen in 70% and grade 3 @entity1282 in 10% during treatment. CONCLUSION: SIB IMRT as used in this study was feasible, although associated with increased rates of mucosal and dermal @entity137 .

title: Acute @entity137 experienced during simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancers--experience from a north Indian XXXX centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['regional cancer']


abstract: Leukocyte recruitment and inflammatory response play an important patho-physiologic role after @entity2806 . This study aimed to evaluate whether leukocyte adhesion molecules can predict clinical outcome in @entity1 after @entity385 . We prospectively examined serial changes in @entity4619 ( @entity4619 ), @entity1454 ), and @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ) expression by leukocyte subsets using flow cytometry at various time points in 65 acute @entity385 @entity1 and 60 controls. @entity4619 expression on neutrophils and monocytes was significantly higher from day 1 to 90 after @entity64 as compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). The expression of monocyte @entity1454 , @entity1453 , and neutrophil @entity1454 were also significantly increased on days 1 and 7 after @entity64 than in control subjects (p < 0.05). Neutrophil @entity4619 expression on day 1 was significantly higher in @entity1 with early @entity16 (END) (p < 0.01). Monocyte @entity1454 expression positively correlated with National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores on admission (p = 0.013, gamma = 0.318). Underlying disease of @entity6 and NIHSS score on admission were independently associated with 3-month outcome. The expressions of leukocyte adhesion molecules on admission are significantly increased in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . This study shows that higher neutrophil @entity4619 expression on admission may imply a higher risk for END and that monocyte @entity1454 expression on admission reflects the severity of @entity385 on admission.

title: The value of leukocyte adhesion molecules in @entity1 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deterioration']

entities_list: @entity4619 :: ('6404', 'Gene') :: ['PSGL-1', 'p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1']

entities_list: @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1', 'LFA-1']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity510 is the most severe complication caused by anticoagulant or antiplatelet treatment. The increasing use of this therapy, especially in older @entity1 , makes the balance between clinical benefit and bleeding risk an important consideration. A retrospective study of all consecutive 500 @entity932 in the West Valladolid area, approximately 220,000 @entity1 , during the period 1998 to 2004, was performed. In relation to mortality, predisposing conditions were included, such as age, antithrombotic treatment, arterial @entity101 , @entity5 , @entity1503 , @entity1462 , and @entity130 . The incidence of @entity932 was 310 per 100,000 per year with a mortality of 30%. Higher mortality was found in antiplatelet-treated @entity1 (44.9%) than in anticoagulated @entity1 (31.1%). This may be related to a different mean age of 78 vs. 71 years. Arterial @entity101 was the most frequent risk factor (45.1% in nontreated patients, 60% anticoagulated, and 75.5% antiplatelet). The relative risk of @entity510 in anticoagulated @entity1 was 11.2 (p < 0.001) with an incidence of 0.03% and a median of 14 months since treatment began. The median INR was 3.3. In 40% of the @entity1 the previous five controls were in range. Strict consideration of indications criteria joined to a better control of risk factors may avoid @entity510 episodes.

title: Oral anticoagulant treatment: risk factors involved in 500 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhages', 'intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding', 'Intracranial bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatisms']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood diseases']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity932 :: (MESH:D020300,Disease) :: ['intracranial hemorrhages']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: @entity548 is a very infrequent and unpredictable complication of spinal surgery. To the best of our knowledge, @entity548 resulting from the insertion of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt through which cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is slowly drained has not been documented to date. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 47-year-old @entity1 presented with lower extremity @entity425 . @entity2758 was diagnosed, and she underwent surgery. Her neurologic status improved; however, CSF collected subcutaneously as a cyst and leaked 21 days after surgery. The @entity1 underwent urgent surgery during which the dural defect was repaired and a lumbo-peritoneal catheter was put in place to treat the CSF leakage. The lumbo-peritoneal drainage system was removed when @entity26120 was seen 12 days later. Physical therapy was stopped, and conservative treatment was initiated consisting of bed rest, analgesics, sedatives, and careful monitoring of blood pressure. The @entity1 's @entity10 gradually resolved; physical therapy was restarted to rehabilitate this @entity1 with paraparesis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity548 seems to be life threatening and entails significant morbidity. Cerebellar symptoms, and even a late sudden @entity10 after spinal surgery, may be signs of @entity548 , which is a rare complication.

title: Bilateral late XXXX as a complication of a lumbo-peritoneal shunt applied after @entity2758 surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Remote cerebellar hemorrhage', 'Cerebellar hemorrhage', 'remote cerebellar hemorrhage', 'cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity26120 :: ('MESH:D020201', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['remote cerebellar hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Regulatory authorities interpret the results of randomized controlled trials according to published principles. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is planning a revision of the 2000 and 2003 guidance documents on clinical investigation of new medicinal products for the treatment of @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) to achieve consistency with current knowledge in the field. This manuscript summarizes the key output from a collaborative workshop, organized by the Cardiovascular Round Table and the European Affairs Committee of the European Society of Cardiology, involving clinicians, academic researchers, trialists, European and US regulators, and pharmaceutical industry researchers. Specific questions in four key areas were selected as priorities for changes in regulatory guidance: @entity1 selection, endpoints, methodologic issues and issues related to the research for novel agents. @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) should be studied separately for therapies aimed at the specific pathophysiology of either condition, particularly for treatment of the acute phase, but can be studied together for other treatments, especially long-term therapy. @entity1459 @entity1 should be excluded from acute phase @entity1187 trials. In general, @entity65 and reinfarction are recommended for primary efficacy endpoints; other endpoints may be considered if specifically relevant for the therapy under study. New agents or interventions should be tested against a background of evidence-based therapy with expanded follow-up for safety assessment. In conclusion, new guidance documents for randomized controlled trials in @entity1187 should consider changes regarding @entity1 and endpoint selection and definitions, and trial designs. Specific requirements for the evaluation of novel pharmacological therapies need further clarification.

title: Report of the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table regulatory workshop update of the evaluation of new agents for the treatment of XXXX : Executive summary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'NSTEMI', 'non-STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: This study was conducted to assess the in vitro nutrient digestibility and utilisation of leaves and green pods of two Moringa species in supplementing the feed of ruminant animals during the dry season. Samples were analysed for proximate nutrients using official methods. The metabolisable energy (ME), @entity62 ( @entity62 ) and effective @entity1629 ( @entity1629 ) were estimated using the Hohenheim in vitro gas test method. Gas volume in Moringa stenopetala leaves and green pods was generally higher than those of Moringa oleifera. Gas volume for leaves was similar between low and mid-altitudes but was higher for green pods at mid-altitude. M.  stenopetala leaves contained significantly higher ME (9.8   MJ/kg DM) and @entity62 (75%) than those of M.  oleifera. Similarly, M.  stenopetala green pods had higher ME and @entity62 values than those of M.  oleifera. For green pods, the ME and @entity62 values were significantly higher at mid-altitude than those at low altitude although these values for leaves were similar between both altitudes. Moringa oleifera leaves had higher effective @entity1629 than those of M.  stenopetala. Nevertheless, the effective @entity1629 was higher for green pods of M.  stenopetala than those of M.  oleifera. The effective @entity1629 for leaves cultivated at mid-altitude was slightly higher than those at low altitude. This study suggested that leaves and green pods could be used as alternative energy and protein supplements for tropical ruminants, particularly during dry periods. It was further concluded that leaves were generally better in nutrient compositions and in vitro nutrient digestibility characteristics than green pods.

title: In vitro fermentation characteristics and effective XXXX in leaves and green pods of Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera cultivated at low and mid-altitudes.

entities_list: @entity1629 :: ('7350', 'Gene') :: ['uCP', 'utilisable crude protein']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['OMD', 'organic matter digestibility']

answer: @entity1629 :: (7350,Gene) :: ['utilisable crude protein']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Specific @entity2008 have been shown to affect the overall survival of @entity1 with @entity3052 , but the possibility that specific chromosomal defects may influence the course of @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is controversial. We assessed this possibility as follows: blood mononuclear cells from 433 @entity1 with @entity1072 in five European centers were cultured with B-cell mitogens, and banded metaphases were studied. RESULTS: Three hundred ninety-one @entity1 could be evaluated cytogenetically, and 218 had clonal chromosomal changes. The most common abnormalities were @entity17558 (n = 67) and structural abnormalities of chromosome 13 (n = 51; most involving the site of the @entity995 gene) and of chromosome 14 (n = 41). @entity1 with a normal karyotype had a median overall survival of more than 15 years, in contrast to 7.7 years for @entity1 with clonal changes. @entity1 with @entity854 (n = 113) did better than those with complex karyotypes (P less than 0.001). @entity1 with abnormalities involving chromosome 14q had poorer survival than those with aberrations of chromosome 13q (P less than 0.05). Among @entity1 with @entity854 , those with @entity17558 alone had poorer survival than @entity1 with single aberrations of chromosome 13q (P = 0.01); the latter had the same survival as those with a normal karyotype. A high percentage of cells in metaphase with @entity2008 , indicating highly proliferative leukemic cells, was associated with poor survival (P less than 0.001). Cox proportional-hazards analysis identified age, sex, the percentage of cells in metaphase with @entity2008 , and the clinical stage of the disease (Binet classification system) as independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Chromosomal analysis provides prognostic information about overall survival in addition to that supplied by clinical data in @entity1 with @entity1072 .

title: Prognostic subgroups in @entity1072 defined by specific XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-cell CLL']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['single abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Locally advanced @entity5 as the initial form of presentation of @entity5 in the bronchial tree are not a rare event. Bronchogenic recurrence is frequent in the natural history of some @entity5 . The choice of therapeutic options from the raft available depends on such variables as initial therapy, place of recurrence, symptoms and @entity1 's physical status. AIM: To demonstrate the advantages of endoluminal brachytherapy (EBT) with @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) in primary and recurrent @entity5 of the bronchial tree. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study of seven @entity1 (pts) with primary @entity5 of the colon, @entity19926 and lung. @entity19926 ( @entity19926 , two pts, bronchus, five pts) occurred between March 2003 and September 2004. @entity1 under- went EBT with @entity1168 for primary or recurrent therapy in association with external radiotherapy, laser therapy and chemotherapy with palliative or curative intention. EBT with @entity1168 doses of 5 to 7 Gy in 2 to 4 fractions at 1 cm from the source axis were given. Treatment included endoluminal application of Ir192 with a French 6 catheter. RESULTS: There was symptomatic relief related to @entity5 in six of the seven @entity1 treated. In one of the six @entity1 studied, there was progression of the local disease between the second and third fractions of the treatment (obstruction of the @entity19926 ). In a mean follow up of 17 (2-40) months between EBT and this study, three @entity1 are alive, one has no evidence of disease while two have had bronchial recurrence, four @entity1 have died, one after massive haemoptysis and three due to disease progression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing brachytherapy for symptomatic primary @entity5 or endobronchial recurrence show good tolerance, important symptom relief and improved quality of life. Despite the small size of our sample, it is clear that EBT with @entity1168 plays an important role in the palliative/ curative treatment of these @entity1 .

title: Endoluminal @entity1168 brachytherapy in the treatment of primary and recurrent bronchogenic tree XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'reduction of tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high dose rate']

entities_list: @entity19926 :: ('MESH:C566362', 'Disease') :: ['Tracheobronchial recurrence', 'trachea']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 with @entity418 is poor because of the high rate of @entity1600 @entity3 . However, recent studies found that the negative @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) may also influence the @entity1 ' @entity1349 . The purpose of this study is to investigate which negative @entity1600 stations play a key role in @entity1349 prediction. METHOD: Our study included the retrospective records of 99 @entity1 , who were identified with middle @entity1544 after esophagectomy. The maximum follow-up time was 6 years. Cox regression models were employed to determine the association between the negative @entity1600 and @entity1349 of @entity1 . After applying Kaplan-Meier method to calculate @entity1349 of @entity1 with positive and negative LNs, the log-rank tests were used to assess the difference between them. RESULT: The hazard ratio of the total number of negative LNs was 0.937 (P=0.001), and the length of @entity5 was 1.166 (P=0.038). Multivariate regression results showed that the numbers of positive LNs in No 3 and 7 stations and negative LNs in No 109 and 7 stations were significantly related to @entity1349 , and their P-values were 0.017, 0.001, 0.020, and 0.022, respectively. The @entity1349 of the @entity1 who had positive and negative LNs in No 7 station was significantly different (P=0.028). CONCLUSION: No 7 is the most important among the negative @entity1600 stations which prolong @entity1349 . More attention should be paid to this area when making treatment plan for @entity1 with no negative LNs identified in operation.

title: Influence of negative XXXX in No 7 on survival of @entity1 with middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1600 :: (MESH:D014388,Disease) :: ['lymph node']


abstract: @entity4053 is frequently reported in hemodialysis @entity1 on @entity1169 . The effects of beta-blockers on the @entity413 , @entity493 and free @entity844 responses to glucagon challenge (2 mg) in fourteen hemodialysis @entity1 were studied. @entity1 on @entity1169 had impaired glycemic response while those on @entity1406 had decreased response only before dialysis. There was a significant negative correlation between @entity1169 level (log-transformed) and glycemic responses, suggesting that @entity1169 has direct effect on the latter. Hemodialysis @entity1 had fasting @entity493 levels comparable to those of normal subjects. After glucagon challenge, the decrements in @entity493 level had no consistent relationship to the impaired glycemic response. Thus suppression of gluconeogenesis is unlikely to be the prime cause of @entity1169 -induced @entity4053 . The basal free @entity844 levels were significantly lower among hemodialysis @entity1 on @entity1169 . This limited availability of free @entity844 as well as the inhibitory effect on hepatic glucagon-stimulated @entity413 output may contribute to the predisposition to @entity4053 in dialysis @entity1 given @entity1169 . The results suggest that @entity1406 has less interference on energy substrate supply in hemodialysis @entity1 under fasting conditions.

title: Effects of selective and non-selective beta-blockers on the @entity493 and free @entity844 responses to glucagon challenge in hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are pathogens that may lead to a spectrum of clinical syndromes. We aimed to identify predictors and outcomes of ESBL @entity2259 @entity580 ( @entity580 ) in a nationwide prospective study. Thus, a multicenter prospective study was conducted in 10 Israeli hospitals. Adult @entity1 with @entity2259 due to Enterobacteriaceae diagnosed within 72 h of hospitalization were included. @entity1 with ESBL producers (cases) were compared to those with non-ESBL producers (controls), and a 1:1 ratio was attempted in each center. A case-control study to identify predictors and a cohort study to identify outcomes were conducted. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for analyses. Overall, 447 @entity1 with @entity2259 due to Enterobacteriaceae were recruited: 205 cases and 242 controls. Independent predictors of ESBL were increased age, multiple comorbid conditions, poor functional status, recent contact with health care settings, invasive procedures, and prior receipt of antimicrobial therapy. In addition, @entity1 presenting with @entity326 and/or @entity177 were more likely to have @entity281 . @entity1 with ESBL producers suffered more frequently from a delay in appropriate antimicrobial therapy (odds ratio [OR], 4.7; P, <0.001) and had a higher mortality rate (OR, 3.5; P, <0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, both ESBL production (OR, 2.3; P, 9.1) and a delay in adequate therapy (OR, 0.05; P, 0.001) were significant predictors for mortality and other adverse outcomes. We conclude that among @entity1 with @entity2259 due to Enterobacteriaceae @entity580 , those with ESBL producers tend to be older and chronically ill and to have a delay in effective therapy and severe adverse outcomes. Efforts should be directed to improving the detection of @entity1 with ESBL @entity2259 @entity580 and to providing immediate appropriate therapy.

title: National multicenter study of predictors and outcomes of @entity2259 XXXX caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['ESBL infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['UHA', 'upon hospital admission']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity580 :: (MESH:D003428,Disease) :: ['upon hospital admission']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical features and survival of @entity1 treated for @entity201 in our institution and to analyze the factors affecting their survival. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study assessed @entity1 diagnosed with @entity201 between January 1997 and December 2007 at the University Malaya Medical Centre in Malaysia. The clinical data and associated outcomes were collected using a structured proforma. RESULTS: Of the 69 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity201 , 38 (55%) were male; mean @entity1 age was 61 years. Twelve @entity1 (17%) had intrahepatic, 38 (55%) had perihilar and 19 (28%) had @entity5 . Only 12 @entity1 underwent curative surgery, including seven R0 resections. Only one @entity1 died within 30 d after surgery. The overall median survival was 4 mo, whereas the median survival of R0 resected @entity1 was 16 mo. The overall 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative survival rates were 67%, 17% and 17%, respectively. Survival rates were significantly associated with curative resection (P = 0.002), @entity5 (P = 0.003), negative margin status (P = 0.013), early @entity5 stage (P = 0.016), higher @entity5 differentiation (P = 0.032) and absence of @entity1087 (P = 0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 location was a significant independent predictor of @entity1 survival. CONCLUSION: Curative, margin-negative resection of early stage, well-differentiated @entity5 is associated with improved @entity1 survival.

title: Survival analysis of XXXX : a 10-year experience in Malaysia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intrahepatic tumors', 'intrahepatic tumor', 'distal tumors']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: AIM: To map Usher phenotype in a consanguineous Pakistani family and identify disease-associated mutation in a causative gene to establish phenotype-genotype correlation. METHODS: A consanguineous Pakistani family in which Usher phenotype was segregating as an autosomal recessive trait was ascertained. On the basis of results of clinical investigations of affected members of this family disease was diagnosed as @entity15439 ( @entity15439 ). To identify the locus responsible for the Usher phenotype in this family, genomic DNA from blood sample of each individual was genotyped using microsatellite Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers for the known @entity15439 loci. Then direct sequencing was performed to find out disease associated mutations in the candidate gene. RESULTS: By genetic linkage analysis, the @entity15439 phenotype of this family was mapped to @entity20053 locus on chromosome 10q21.1. Three different point mutations in exon 11 of @entity20053 were identified and one of them, @entity31607 was found to be segregating with the disease phenotype in Pakistani family with Usher phenotype. This, @entity31607 transversion mutation predicts an @entity3689 substitution of @entity2574 with an @entity3929 at residue number 435 ( @entity31608 ) of its protein product. Moreover, in silico analysis revealed conservation of @entity2574 at position 435 and predicated this change as pathogenic. CONCLUSION: The identification of @entity31607 pathogenic mutation in @entity20053 gene and its association with @entity15439 in a consanguineous Pakistani family is the first example of a missense mutation of @entity20053 causing USH1 phenotype. In previous reports, it was hypothesized that severe mutations such as truncated protein of @entity20053 led to the Usher I phenotype and that missense variants are mainly responsible for @entity3491 .

title: In silico analysis of a disease-causing mutation in XXXX gene in a consanguineous Pakistani family with Usher phenotype.

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome', 'USH']

entities_list: @entity2574 :: ('CHEBI:22660', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartic acid']

answer: @entity20053 :: (65217,Gene) :: ['PCDH15']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a previous study conducted at a combat support hospital in Iraq, we reported the major lifesaving benefits of emergency tourniquets to stop @entity548 in major limb @entity130 . Morbidity associated with tourniquet use was minor. STUDY OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study is to further analyze emergency tourniquet use in combat casualty care. DESIGN AND SETTING: This report is a continuation of our previous study of tourniquet use in casualties admitted to a combat support hospital (NCT00517166 at www.ClinicalTrials. @entity26548 ). METHODS: After verifying comparable methodologies for the first study and the current study, we compared @entity1 results for these two time periods and then pooled data to analyze outcomes with a larger sample size. RESULTS: The total study population was 499 (232 in the previous study and 267 in the current study). In all, 862 tourniquets were applied on 651 limbs. Survival was 87% for both study periods. Morbidity rates for palsies at the level of the tourniquet were 1.7% for study 1 and 1.5% for study 2; major limb shortening was 0.4% for both. Survival was associated with prehospital application (89% vs. 78% hospital, p < 0.01) and application before the onset of shock (96% vs. 4% after). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows consistent lifesaving benefits and low risk of emergency tourniquets to stop @entity548 in major limb @entity130 .

title: Battle casualty survival with emergency tourniquet use to stop limb XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: The death domain containing TNF receptor 6 ( @entity1197 /Fas) is a direct target for the NF-kB transcription factor and is repressed in solid @entity5 such as @entity694 . Previously, we reported that the Fas death receptor, while overexpressed in low-risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ), becomes undetectable on @entity2280 (+) progenitors when the disease progresses to secondary @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). This study determined the interplay between NF-kB and Fas during @entity2590 progression. We first observed that Fas was induced by @entity310 in the HL60 cell line. In these cells, @entity9135 ( @entity9135 ) was associated with the @entity24344 promoter, and inhibition of the NF-kB pathway by an @entity18159 inhibitor ( @entity30462 ) or lentiviral expression of a nondegradable mutant of @entity4284 (IkSR) blocked Fas expression. In contrast, @entity310 failed to induce Fas expression in the @entity694 cell line SW480, due to hypermethylation of the @entity24344 promoter. @entity2591 rescued @entity9135 binding on @entity24344 promoter in vitro, and subsequently Fas expression in SW480 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of the NF-kB pathway decreased the expression of Fas in @entity2590 @entity1195 (lo) @entity2280 (+) bone marrow cells. However, despite the nuclear expression of @entity9135 , Fas was often low on @entity1195 (lo) @entity2280 (+) @entity3052 cells. @entity310 failed to stimulate its expression, while @entity2591 efficiently rescued @entity9135 binding and Fas reexpression. Overall, these data suggest that DNA methylation at NF-kB sites is responsible for @entity24344 gene silencing.

title: Epigenetic control of NF-kB-dependent @entity24344 gene transcription during progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2591 :: ('MESH:D001374', 'Chemical') :: ['azacitidine', 'Azacitidine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndromes']


abstract: This is a report about six cases of replacement of the proximal femur by a cementless special prosthesis in modular system done in the Unfallkrankenhaus Wien-Meidling. One of the @entity1 suffered by a @entity706 , three others had @entity174 caused by bone @entity3 . One was a pertrochanteric @entity174 complicated by @entity170 , and finally one @entity174 of the femur preceded by an insufficient implantation of a semitotal hip replacement. The hipsocket was supplied four times by a cementfree Poly  thylensocket, in one case a CLW-ring was implanted. Investigation showed that after a little more than two months the stump of femur became porous and by an average of eleven months the prosthesis was covered by bone. The complications were in one case an incomplete @entity174 of the diaphysis and in another case a luxation for three times. There are several indications for a @entity5 prosthesis: 1. Primary and secondary @entity5 . 2. Bone @entity3 with or without @entity174 . 3. Comminuted @entity174 complicated by various factors, e.g. @entity170 . 4. @entity1349 with poor bone conditions or failed implantation of a standard prosthesis. Although the successes seem to be quite promisingly, this method should be applied in a quite differentiated way, as any retreat is nearly impossible, once started.

title: [Hip XXXX prosthesis--indication in a trauma center and results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['Loosening of prosthesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: AIMS: The recommendations for screening for @entity1368 ( @entity1368 ) are determination and interpretation of both plasma @entity1369 and the @entity1369 - @entity916 ratio (ARR). Although it is known that oral @entity2827 intake has an important impact on plasma @entity1369 and ARR, more detailed data of this impact are sparse. We evaluated the relevance of natriuresis as a parameter of oral @entity1372 intake, as well as @entity1 age and antihypertensive medication on the @entity1368 screening parameters in our @entity101 @entity1 population. METHOD: Our cross-sectional, single-center study investigated the impact of natriuresis, @entity1 age, body mass index, Ca-antagonists, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and/or @entity7743 blockers on @entity1369 and ARR in 777 @entity101 @entity1 (393 @entity1 , 384 @entity1 ) with a mean age (   SD) of 49.5    15.7 years and an endogenous @entity1011 clearance of at least 80 ml/min. A total of 401 @entity1 (51.6%) were on antihypertensive therapy. The mean natriuresis of the total population was 206.7    97.0 mmol/day. The potential impact factors on plasma @entity1369 and ARR were analyzed in two separate univariate, bivariate, and multiple regression analyses, respectively, with natriuresis as the main impact factor. RESULTS: Natriuresis as well as @entity1 age had a significant impact on both plasma @entity1369 and ARR. In addition, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors and/or @entity7743 blockers had a significant impact on ARR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In addition to antihypertensive medication, natriuresis as well as @entity1 age seem to need further consideration in the process of @entity1368 screening and interpretation of its results. Additional experimental studies are warranted to confirm and generalize our results.

title: Clinical relevance of dietary salt intake on @entity1369 and the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio as screening parameters for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1368 :: ('MESH:D006929', 'Disease') :: ['PA', 'primary aldosteronism']

answer: @entity1368 :: (MESH:D006929,Disease) :: ['primary aldosteronism']


abstract: Multiple analgesic-drug combinations are commonly used in the management of acute and @entity1118 in @entity1 during multimodal or balanced @entity1337 . At present, these combinations are used empirically in clinical practice and are considered to be beneficial for the @entity1 . Interactions between two antinociceptive drugs have been thoroughly examined, but the nature of interactions between three analgesics has not been studied. The antinociceptive interaction of @entity7988 (K) with a mixture of @entity1286 (M) and @entity1443 (P) was evaluated using a model of visceral acute @entity158 , the @entity1543 writhing test in @entity19 . The i.p. administration of the combination M/P+K resulted in a significant potentiation of the antinociception induced either by K or by the synergic two-drug mixtures M/K, P/K and M/P. The effect of opioid, cholinergic, adrenergic and serotonergic antagonists on the analgesic interaction was assessed. The pretreatment of @entity19 with @entity3897 (1 mg/kg) did not produce any change in the synergistic interaction of the triple combination. The pretreatment with @entity836 (1 mg/kg) or @entity19473 (1 mg/kg) reduced the intensity of M/P+K synergic interaction, while @entity3159 (0.1 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the synergy. The findings of this work suggest that the two major pathways of descending inhibitory systems, noradrenergic and serotonergic are significantly involved in the mechanism of the antinociceptive synergy induced by the triple combination. On the other hand, opioid pathways also seem to participate, since pretreatment with @entity836 reduced the synergy. In conclusion, the triple combination M/P+K induced a strong synergistic antinociceptive effect, which could be of interest for optimal multimodal clinical @entity1337 .

title: Isobolographic analysis of multimodal XXXX in an animal model of visceral acute @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7988 :: ('MESH:D007660', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoprofen']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity19473 :: ('MESH:C045504', 'Chemical') :: ['tropisetron']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['tonic pain']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic-acid']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to report our experience gained after attempted colonic stenting for @entity694 . METHOD This is a retrospective study of all @entity1 who had attempted colonic stenting for obstructing @entity5 in a district general hospital from November 1998 to November 2008. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 12 stent procedures were carried out in 11 @entity1 with @entity694 and were analysed further. These represented 8.5% of a total of 141 stent procedures performed in 130 @entity1 . Fluoroscopic technique was used alone. The median age was 73 years with a range from 47 to 88 years. The underlying @entity5 was ovarian in five, urinary bladder in one, kidney in one, prostatic in one, breast in one, @entity201 in one and @entity4303 in one. The technical and clinical success rate was 42% and 25%, respectively. The 30-day mortality rate was 36%. Stent-related complications included one perforation. The colostomy formation rate was 45%. Only two @entity1 survived over a month with a stent and without a subsequent colostomy. The median survival time was 2 months. The 3-, 6- and 12-month survival rate was 36%, 18% and 9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience does not support the routine use of colonic stenting for @entity5 obstructing the colon. A more realistic approach is necessary including either the acceptance that the obstruction represents a life-ending event or proceeding immediately to a colostomy. Decisions should be individualised and stenting used after recognising its shortcomings.

title: Shortcomings in colonic stenting to palliate large bowel obstruction from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extracolonic cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction from extracolonic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['extracolonic malignancies']


abstract: AIM: To describe our preliminary experience with simultaneous whole body @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) in the evaluation of pediatric oncology @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective, observational, single-center study was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, and institutional review board approved. To be eligible, a @entity1 was required to: (1) have a known or suspected @entity5 diagnosis; (2) be under the care of a pediatric hematologist/oncologist; and (3) be scheduled for clinically indicated @entity419 positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination at our institution. @entity1 underwent PET-CT followed by PET-MRI on the same day. PET-CT examinations were performed using standard department protocols. PET-MRI studies were acquired with an integrated 3 Tesla PET-MRI scanner using whole body T1 Dixon, T2 HASTE, EPI diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and STIR sequences. No additional radiotracer was given for the PET-MRI examination. Both PET-CT and PET-MRI examinations were reviewed by consensus by two study personnel. Test performance characteristics of PET-MRI, for the detection of malignant lesions, including FDG maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) and minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin), were calculated on a per lesion basis using PET-CT as a reference standard. RESULTS: A total of 10 whole body PET-MRI exams were performed in 7 pediatric oncology @entity1 . The mean @entity1 age was 16.1 years (range 12-19 years) including 6 males and 1 female. A total of 20 malignant and 21 benign lesions were identified on PET-CT. PET-MRI SUVmax had excellent correlation with PET-CT SUVmax for both benign and malignant lesions (R = 0.93). PET-MRI SUVmax > 2.5 had 100% accuracy for discriminating benign from malignant lesions using PET-CT reference. Whole body DWI was also evaluated: the mean ADCmin of malignant lesions (780.2 + 326.6) was significantly lower than that of benign lesions (1246.2 + 417.3; P = 0.0003; Student's t test). A range of ADCmin thresholds for @entity5 were evaluated, from 0.5-1.5 * 10(-3) mm(2)/s. The 1.0 * 10(-3) ADCmin threshold performed best compared with PET-CT reference (68.3% accuracy). However, the accuracy of PET-MRI SUVmax was significantly better than ADCmin for detecting malignant lesions compared with PET-CT reference (P < 0.0001; two-tailed McNemar's test). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a clinical role for simultaneous whole body PET-MRI in evaluating @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Simultaneous whole body @entity419 positron emission tomography magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of @entity5 : Preliminary experience and comparison with XXXX positron emission tomography computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

answer: @entity419 :: (MESH:D019788,Chemical) :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']


abstract: Alterations in the level and distribution of arterial @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) have been demonstrated during atherogenesis. The significance of these changes within the developing and dying plaque, however, is not understood. To examine a potential protective effect of HSPs on arterial cells, enzymatically isolated cells from normal and diet-induced @entity731 aortas of cynomolgus macaques were stressed for 20 h with and without added 72/73 kDa @entity1457 proteins ( @entity1878 /73), over a range of temperatures and dosages. Cells were analyzed for changes in viability and lysosomal membrane integrity. The responses of cells from normal and diseased aortas for all test regimens were similar. Viability and lysosomal membrane integrity of untreated cells were correlated (r = 0.85), and both factors declined with increasing thermal stress (P less than 0.0005 and P less than 0.004, respectively). Exogenous @entity1878 /73 increased cell viability after stress at a minimum concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.05) but was not concentration dependent. Response to different temperatures showed exogenous @entity1878 /73 increased cell survival at all temperatures, with the greatest effect at 37 degrees C (P less than 0.01). In contrast, @entity1878 /73 did not have an effect on lysosomal membrane integrity for the test period studied. The results demonstrate exogenous @entity1878 /73 increases arterial cell survival, suggesting these proteins are associated with a protective mechanism in normal and diseased arteries.

title: Effect of @entity1457 proteins on survival of isolated aortic cells from normal and XXXX cynomolgus macaques.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: On the basis of results obtained from an oral @entity413 tolerance test, (OGTT), twenty @entity1 with @entity444 were classified as normal (N = 8) and @entity6 (N = 12). The two groups of @entity1 were further tested by a rapid intravenous @entity413 injection, a @entity11243 test, an @entity2690 sensitivity test and an oral @entity535 load. Fasting levels of plasma @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) were normal in all subjects but one. Approximately 1/3 of the @entity2124 responses during testing periods were abnormal, being either absent during hypoglycaemia or following @entity535 ingestion, or @entity2121 increased during hyperglycaemia. No correlation was found between the degree of @entity1735 intolerance and the levels of plasma @entity2124 . There was no gross alteration of tissue sensitivity to exogenous @entity2690 . The beta-cell response to @entity11243 , @entity535 and intravenous @entity413 were comparable in @entity1 with a normal or a @entity6 . In both groups, the rates of decrease of blood @entity413 following @entity11243 or intravenous @entity413 were also similar and within the normal range. During OGTT, the @entity6 group had a delayed @entity2690 release and a low insulinogenic index. It is concluded that in @entity444 the intolerance to an oral @entity1735 load is frequently associated with, but unrelated to, anomalies of the @entity2124 secretion. In @entity6 subjects, the process of @entity2690 secretion loses its normal sensitivity to the oral @entity413 stimulus while remaining unaltered and similiar to that of non- @entity6 subjects in response to @entity11243 , @entity535 and intravenous @entity413 .

title: @entity6 in @entity444 : studies of XXXX and @entity2124 secretion.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetic OGTT']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if a relationship exists between @entity236 -like signal and @entity2001 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort of 32 @entity1 with two sequential knee MRI. @entity1 with acute @entity130 , @entity281 , @entity5 , or @entity2530 were excluded. The degree of @entity571 was assessed using an adaptation of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) scale. Initial and follow-up exams were reviewed for presence, location, size and changes of marrow @entity4 -like signal, subarticular cysts and @entity1844 . All locations in the knee were aggregated for analysis with descriptive statistics. RESULTS: The mean time interval between exams was 17.52 months (range 2.1-40.1 months). There were 23 cysts: 11 (47.8%) new, 6 (26.1%) increased size, 1 (4.4%) decreased size, and 5 (21.7%) no change in pre-existing lesions. Cysts always arose from regions of marrow @entity4 -like signal. There were 68 subarticular areas of marrow @entity4 -like signal: 16 (23.5%) new, 23 (33.8%) increased size, 17 (25%) decreased size, 11 (16.2%) resolved and 1 (1.5%) no change in pre-existing lesion. Marrow @entity4 -like signal size always changed with cyst development: increased in 6/11 (54.5%), decreased in 2/11 (18.1%) and resolved in 3/11 (27.2%). Change in cyst size was always accompanied by a change in @entity4 -like signal size. An MRI visible @entity1844 was adjacent to 87% (20/23) of cysts. The mean BLSA score changed from 2.6 to 3.6 indicating an overall progression of @entity571 . CONCLUSION: @entity2001 develop in pre-existing regions of subchondral @entity236 -like signal.

title: MRI of XXXX -like signal in the pathogenesis of @entity2001 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1844 :: ('MESH:D002357', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage abnormality']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2001 :: ('MESH:D001845', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral cysts', 'Subchondral cysts']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow edema']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['bone marrow edema']


abstract: In an international population-based case-control study carried out in 8 centres in 6 countries, we investigated the role of specific medical conditions in the aetiology of @entity1313 in adults. Recruited were 1,178 @entity11 and 331 @entity1653 cases and 2,493 age- and gender-matched population controls. Only medical conditions occurring at least 2 years before @entity1313 diagnosis were considered. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a conditional logistic regression model. Heterogeneity between centres was tested. No association between @entity1653 and previous medical conditions was observed. For @entity11 , there was an increased risk associated with @entity302 (RR = 6.55, 95% CI 3.40-12.63), but this was considerably weaker for @entity302 of more than 20 years duration. The risk remained elevated after adjustment for use of anti- @entity302 drugs. There was a statistically significant inverse association between @entity11 and all @entity56 combined (RR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.49-0.71); this was also observed for specific @entity56 , namely, @entity565 and @entity484 . Subjects who reported a history of @entity166 (e.g., colds, flu) showed a 30% reduction in risk (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.85). The decreased risks for @entity11 in subjects reporting a history of @entity56 or @entity166 may indicate an influence of immunological factors on the development of @entity11 . The association between @entity11 and @entity302 has to be interpreted cautiously and needs further investigation.

title: Role of medical history in XXXX development. Results from the international adult @entity1313 study.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic conditions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: Hippocampal depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition (DSI) is a robust form of short-term synaptic plasticity. DSI is mediated by endocannabinoid signaling. Since this discovery, pinning down the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand that mediates DSI has been problematic. Blocking degradation of the endocannabinoid @entity9394 (2-AG) lengthens DSI, which seems to indicate that 2-AG mediates DSI. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the 2-AG-synthesizing enzyme @entity2366 @entity26317 (DAGL) has yielded conflicting results: DAGL inhibitors often fail to block hippocampal DSI. Recently, 2 studies seem to have cornered this problem using DAGL knockout @entity19 . Hippocampal DSI is absent in DAGL-a knockout @entity19 , pointing to a key role for 2-AG in DSI. However, these studies do not reconcile the discrepancy with pharmacological experiments. Here, we argue that the seeming contradiction between results from pharmacological and genetic approaches may be explained in several ways. We suggest that the contradiction may be resolved by taking a different perspective on endocannabinoid signaling: in some forms of endocannabinoid-mediated signaling endocannabinoids might not be necessarily produced "on demand" but presynthesized and stored until needed.

title: DAG XXXX involvement in depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition: does endocannabinoid biosynthesis always meet the demand?

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoyl glycerol']

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

answer: @entity26317 :: (16891(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['lipase']