abstract: Infections still remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). To improve supportive care measurements, detailed information on frequency and characteristic features of @entity166 is needed. We retrospectively analyzed the medical charts of 304 @entity1 , treated in 30 hospitals according to the multi-institutional clinical trial @entity3052 -BFM 93. Overall, 855 @entity166 occurred in 304 @entity1 ( @entity221 without identifiable source (n=523; 61.2%), clinically (n=57; 6.7%) and microbiologically documented infections (n=275; 32.1%)). @entity1398 was present in 74.1% of the infectious episodes. In all, 20 @entity1 died of @entity455 (15/276 (5.4%) @entity1 without and 5/28 (17.9%) with @entity1467 ), most of them during early induction therapy (n=11). Blood stream infections occurred in 228 episodes (Gram-positive (n=202) and Gram-negative (n=42) pathogens). Invasive @entity364 was probable or proven in 15 @entity1 . In 113 out of the 855 infectious episodes (13.3%), @entity55 was radiologically diagnosed. Better strategies of supportive care might help to improve overall survival in @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity3052 . Therefore, @entity1 with @entity3052 should be treated in specialized pediatric centers, and there should be a very low threshold to readmit @entity1 , in particular @entity1 with @entity358 .

title: @entity166 in @entity3052 : analysis of the prospective multi-institutional clinical trial XXXX -BFM 93.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['infection-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1467 :: ('MESH:D004314', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['AML']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of @entity1667 , coenzyme Q(10) and combined @entity1667 and coenzyme Q(10) treatments on experimental @entity1566 . METHODS: Thirty-two male @entity35 (200-250 g) were divided into four groups. @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) was performed by placement of an @entity439 clip, extradurally at the level of T4-5. After the @entity130 , group K (control group) received @entity1460 oil, group M ( @entity1667 group) received 30 mg.kg-1 @entity1667 and 5.4 mg.kg.hour-1 maintenance dose of @entity1667 , group Q (coenzyme Q(10) group) received 10 mg.kg-1 coenzyme Q(10), group MQ ( @entity1667 and coenzyme Q(10) group) received 30 mg.kg-1 @entity1667 and 5.4 mg.kg.hour-1 maintenance dose of @entity1667 and 10 mg.kg-1 coenzyme Q(10) intraperitoneally. Twenty-four hours after the @entity130 spinal cord samples of the @entity35 were obtained and tissue samples had been harvested for both biochemical and histopathological evaluation. RESULTS: In histopathological examination, the @entity4 pattern was significantly more severe in group K than the group M, group Q and group MQ (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between group M, group Q and group MQ regarding @entity4 and @entity548 (p>0.05). Mean @entity224 dismutase (SOD) scores were significantly low while comparing the group K with all remaining groups and the group MQ comparing with the group M (p<0.05). Mean @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) scores were low in the group M, Q and MQ in comparison with the group K, but there was no statistically significant difference between all groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity1667 , coenzyme Q(10) and combined @entity1667 and coenzyme Q(10) treatments were found to be effective as they decrease the @entity4 and coenzyme Q(10) could be effective for prevention of secondary injury at experimental @entity1566 .

title: [Efficiency of coenzyme Q(10) at experimental XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone', 'Methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: Although @entity3694 has been well studied for use in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) procedural sedation (PS), @entity1875 has been evaluated less extensively for @entity341 use. OBJECTIVE: The authors hypothesized that there is no difference in the depth of sedation and the rate of @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) between @entity1875 and @entity3694 in PS during the reduction of @entity174 and @entity3029 in the @entity341 . METHODS: This was a randomized prospective study of nonintoxicated adult @entity1 undergoing PS for @entity174 or @entity3029 reduction in the @entity341 between July 2001 and March 2002. @entity1 were randomized to receive either @entity1875 or @entity3694 , 1 mg/kg intravenously, followed by repeat boluses of 0.5 mg/kg every 2 minutes until adequate sedation was achieved. Doses, vital signs, end-tidal @entity515 (ETCO(2)) by nasal cannulae, pulse oximetry, and bispectral electroencephalogram analysis (BIS) scores were recorded. @entity1576 was defined as an ETCO(2) greater than 50 torr, an @entity26 saturation less than 90% at any time, or an absent ETCO(2) waveform. After returning to baseline mental status, @entity1 completed three 100-mm visual analog scales (VASs) regarding @entity158 associated with the procedure, recall of the procedure, and satisfaction. @entity1576 rates and VAS outcomes were compared with chi-square tests. RESULTS: There were 109 @entity1 enrolled; six were excluded for study protocol violations. Of the remaining 103 @entity1 , 52 received @entity3694 (reduction successful in 94%) and 51 received @entity1875 (98% successful). No @entity299 or significant @entity551 (>20%) was detected. Six @entity1 required bag-valve-mask-assisted ventilations during the procedure, all for less than 1 minute; four of these @entity1 received @entity3694 , and two received @entity1875 . By the authors' definition, @entity1576 was seen in 25 of 52 (48%) @entity1 receiving @entity3694 and 25 of 51 (49%) @entity1 receiving @entity1875 (p = 0.88). The mean minimum recorded BIS score was 66.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 62 to 70) for @entity3694 and 66 (95% CI = 60 to 71) for @entity1875 . VAS results showed similar rates of reported @entity158 , recall, and satisfaction for the two agents. CONCLUSIONS: The authors were unable to detect a significant difference in the level of subclinical @entity1576 or the level of sedation by BIS between the two agents. The use of either agent seems to be safe in the @entity341 .

title: Randomized clinical trial of @entity1875 versus @entity3694 for procedural sedation during @entity174 and @entity3029 reduction in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac rhythm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decline in systolic blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity3694 :: ('MESH:D008723', 'Chemical') :: ['methohexital']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocations', 'dislocation']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 enrolled in the North American Research Committee on @entity15 (NARCOMS) registry report disability status using Performance Scales (PS), a self-report measure. The bladder/bowel subscale (PSB) of PS has not been validated. It is also unknown whether ethnic or socioeconomic disparities exist in bladder care. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to validate the bladder/bowel subscale used by the NARCOMS registry and to describe urologic symptoms, investigations, and treatments received by registry @entity1 . METHODS: In the Fall 2005 update questionnaire, we collected the Bowel Control Scale (BWCS) and Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) as criterion measures and urologic investigations and treatments. We measured associations between investigations, treatments, and symptoms with clinical and sociodemographic variables using chi(2) tests for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis tests for continuous variables, followed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Nine thousand six hundred eighty-eight @entity1 completed the survey. For the UDI-6, the median (interquartile range) score was 33.3 (16.7 to 50.0), for the BWCS 3 (1 to 6), and for the PSB 1 (1 to 3). The correlation between the PSB and the UDI-6 was r = 0.67 and between the PSB and the BWCS r = 0.53 (both p < 0.0001). @entity1 had increased odds of receiving medication for @entity1494 if they had health insurance (odds ratio [OR] 1.90; 1.07 to 3.35). @entity1 who were white (OR 1.5; 1.16 to 1.94) and had health insurance (OR 2.0; 1.3 to 3.07) had increased odds of undergoing urologic investigations. CONCLUSION: The Performance Scales bladder question has adequate criterion and construct validity in @entity15 ( @entity15 ). There are ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in bladder management in @entity15 .

title: Disparities in the management of @entity15 -related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Multiple Sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder symptoms']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transfusion of blood remains the gold standard for fluid resuscitation from @entity548 . Hemoglobin (Hb) within the red blood cell transports @entity26 and modulates @entity842 (NO) through NO scavenging and @entity3542 reductase. AIMS: This study was designed to examine the effects of incorporating a novel NO modulator, @entity64008 , on systemic and microvascular hemodynamic response after blood transfusion for resuscitation from @entity548 in a hamster window chamber model. In addition, to @entity64008 the role of low dose of @entity3542 (1 * 10(-9) moles per animal) supplementation after resuscitation was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Severe @entity548 was induced by arterial controlled bleeding of 50% of the blood volume (BV) and the @entity3485 state was maintained for 1 h. The animals received volume resuscitation by an infusion of 25% of BV using fresh blood alone or with added @entity3542 , or fresh blood treated with @entity64008 (140 mg/kg) or @entity64008 (140 mg/kg) with added @entity3542 . Systemic and microvascular hemodynamics were followed at baseline and at different time points during the entire study. Tissue apoptosis and @entity39 were measured 8 h after resuscitation to correlate hemodynamic changes with tissue viability. RESULTS: Compared to resuscitation with blood alone, blood treated with @entity64008 decreased vascular resistance, increased blood flow and functional capillary density immediately after resuscitation and preserved tissue viability. Furthermore, in @entity64008 treated animals, both mean arterial pressure (MAP) and met Hb were maintained within normal levels after resuscitation (MAP >90 mmHg and metHb <2%). The addition of @entity3542 to @entity64008 did not significantly improve the effects of @entity64008 , as it increased @entity12757 and lower MAP. CONCLUSION: @entity64008 alone enhanced perfusion and reduced tissue damage as compared to blood; it may serve as an adjunct therapy to the current gold standard treatment for resuscitation from @entity548 .

title: Impact of hemoglobin @entity3542 to @entity842 reductase on blood transfusion for resuscitation from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic']

entities_list: @entity12757 :: ('MESH:D008708', 'Disease') :: ['methemoglobinemia']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhagic shock']


abstract: The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP) at the @entity6575 in the setting of pre-operative suspicion of @entity2877 . The predictive value of various pathologic findings with regard to @entity2877 was to be determined in this @entity1 population.All @entity1 treated operatively for symptomatic @entity9975 between August 2000 and August 2001 were evaluated retrospectively for the following variables: age, gender, operative strategy, intra-operative cholangiography, sonographic findings, occurrence of @entity2877 . In 21.4 % of 196 @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy (n = 42) a pre-operative ERCP was performed. In 19 of these 42 @entity1 , no pathology was found on ERCP. The percentage of therapeutic pre-operative investigations was 47.6 % (n = 20). In 3 @entity1 , a juxtapapillary diverticulum was seen.69.9 % of the operations (n = 137) were performed laparoscopically. 167 @entity1 (85.2 %) underwent intra-operative cholangiography. In 4 @entity1 , the ERCP was performed post-operatively. The indication for 3 of those 4 examinations was an abnormal intra-operative cholangiogram. Complications occurred in 4 of the 46 @entity1 who underwent ERCP (8.7 %). @entity2877 was found in 12.2 % (n = 24) of all 196 @entity1 . The pathologic finding with the highest positive predictive value for the diagnosis of @entity2877 was the finding of a dilated common bile duct to more than 8 mm diameter ( @entity2286 75 %). Among laboratory variables investigated in this study, the elevation of serum @entity648 level exhibited the highest positive predictive value ( @entity2286 39.2 %).

title: [Diagnostic and therapeutic management of symptomatic XXXX and pre-operatively suspected @entity2877 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9975 :: ('MESH:D041761', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6575 :: ('MESH:D049932', 'Disease') :: ['Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis', 'Choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity9975 :: (MESH:D041761,Disease) :: ['cholecystolithiasis']


abstract: @entity323 ( @entity323 ) and @entity322 after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (BNSRP) still remain major causes of morbidity. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors ( @entity7856 -Is) have a role in the treatment of @entity323 after BNSRP. Several studies in @entity1 with @entity323 and lower urinary tract symptoms demonstrated that @entity7856 -Is could improve both erectile function and urinary symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacies of two dosing regimens of 20  mg @entity9498 (on-demand and 3 times per week) and to assess the role of @entity9498 in recovery of erectile function and continence after BNSRP. We conducted a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial of three times per week versus on-demand @entity9498 20  mg and a control group after BNSRP. A total of 129 preoperatively potent and continent @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity1 were evaluated at 6 weeks and 12 months postoperatively for erectile function and continence status. There was no significant difference between all three groups with respect to erectile function at 6 weeks after the surgery. Twelve months after the surgery, the International Index of Erectile Function score was significantly higher in the group using @entity9498 20  mg three times per week. However, there was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group with respect to the continence status at 12 months after the surgery. There was no correlation between @entity322 and @entity323 after the surgery in all groups. @entity9498 20  mg three times per week is an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment option for @entity323 after BNSRP. Treatment with 20  mg @entity9498 either three times per week or on demand cannot improve continence recovery after BNSRP compared with the control group.

title: Effects of three-times-per-week versus on-demand XXXX treatment on erectile function and continence recovery following bilateral nerve sparing radical prostatectomy: Results of a prospective, randomized, and single-center study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['Erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil', 'Tadalafil']

answer: @entity9498 :: (MESH:C429886,Chemical) :: ['tadalafil']


abstract: Percutaneous treatment of @entity455 is limited by a relatively high long-term @entity256 rate. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells may be one of the major reasons for @entity256 . Therefore, due to its selective cytotoxic effect, photodynamic therapy (PDT) with HPD-injection and local laser light-application might be a promising therapeutic principle as prophylaxis of @entity256 . Up to now, PDT has been used clinically in the treatment of superficial @entity5 . We studied its potential application as an antiproliferative modality for @entity256 . Basic conditions for therapeutic use are: uptake of HPD in @entity1294 vessels; @entity75 show a higher photosensitivity than normal vessel after application of HPD. We investigated the uptake of HPD ( @entity17654 ) in normal (n = 15) and @entity1294 (primary lesions n = 52; @entity256 n = 10) @entity1 vessel segments using quantitative fluorescence detection after incubation with 2.5 micrograms and 5 micrograms HPD/ml cell culture medium. HPD content, as reflected by fluorescence intensity, was measured after 15, 30, 60 min, and 24 h of incubation. Fluorescence intensity was concentration-dependent, with 80% of the maximal uptake reached at 1 h. A preferential uptake of HPD was measured in @entity1294 as compared to normal vessel segments ( @entity75 : fluorescence-ratio of 3:1 at 1 h; restenosed lesion: fluorescence-ratio of 4:1 at 1 h). In addition, highly cellular plaque segments like restenosed material showed markedly increased fluorescence as compared to acellular matrix. Uptake of HPD was quickly (within 1 h) and preferentially detected in @entity1347 . A selective cytotoxic effect when combined with laser light may result and could be applied to @entity256 .

title: [Uptake and distribution of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) in XXXX and normal vessel segments].

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin II']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic lesions', 'primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic segments']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'restenosis prophylaxis']

answer: @entity1294 :: (MESH:D015140,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerotic']


abstract: OBJECT @entity1 with symptomatic intradural-extramedullary (ID-EM) @entity5 may be successfully treated with resection of the lesion and decompression of associated neural structures. Studies of @entity1 undergoing open resection of these @entity5 have reported high rates of gross-total resection (GTR) with minimal long-term @entity51 . Case reports and small case series have suggested that these @entity1 may be successfully treated with minimally invasive surgery (MIS). These studies have been limited by small @entity1 populations. Moreover, there are no studies directly comparing perioperative outcomes between @entity1 treated with open resection and MIS. The objective of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes in @entity1 with @entity5 treated using open resection or MIS. METHODS A retrospective review was performed using data collected from 45 consecutive @entity1 treated by open resection or MIS for ID-EM @entity5 . These @entity1 were treated over a 9-year period between April 2003 and October 2012 at Northwestern University and the University of Chicago. Statistical analysis was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between the two groups. RESULTS Of the 45 @entity1 in the study, 27 were treated with the MIS approach and 18 were treated with the open approach. Operative time was similar between the two groups: 256.3 minutes in the MIS group versus 241.1 minutes in the open group (p = 0.55). Estimated @entity190 was significantly lower in the MIS group (133.7 ml) compared with the open group (558.8 ml) (p < 0.01). A GTR was achieved in 94.4% of the open cases and 92.6% of the MIS cases (p = 0.81). The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter in the MIS group (3.9 days) compared with the open group (6.1 days) (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the complication rates (p = 0.32) and reoperation rates (p = 0.33) between the two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased rate of complications in cervical @entity5 (OR 15, p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Thoracolumbar @entity5 may be safely and effectively treated with either the open approach or an MIS approach, with an equivalent rate of GTR, perioperative complication rate, and operative time. @entity1 treated with an MIS approach may benefit from a decrease in operative @entity190 and shorter hospital stays.

title: Comparison of open and minimally invasive surgery for intradural-extramedullary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spine tumors', 'ID-EM tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spine tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence and circadian distribution of @entity308 detected with ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (AECG) in @entity1 with @entity613 ( @entity613 ) as well as to study ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and the relation of ischaemic episodes to variations in ABP and heart rate. DESIGN: A total of 40 @entity1 with a history of @entity613 and an ankle/brachial-index (ABI) <0.9 performed: (i) 24-h AECG recordings, (ii) simultaneous 24 h recordings of ABP every 15 min (Spacelabs 90207), (iii) an exercise treadmill test (ETT). An ischaemic episode was defined as a transient @entity1347 > or =1 mm lasting >1 min. Eleven @entity1 were excluded from ECG analysis because of uninterpretable ECG caused by treatment with digoxin or technical problems. RESULTS: Out of 29 @entity1 , eight experienced a total of 15 episodes of @entity308 on AECG. The mean duration was 21+/-31 min. The majority of episodes (11 of 15) occurred between 6 and 12 a.m. In eight @entity1 with ST-segment @entity308 three had a history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ), four were @entity101 and four had signs of @entity296 on ETT. There were no significant differences between @entity1 with and without ST-segment @entity308 in ABP, walking performance or ABI. During @entity308 episodes systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were higher than day mean values; 178+/-41 vs. 166+/-30 mmHg (P= 0.09); 96+/-9 vs. 90+/-4 mmHg (P = 0.01) and 103+/-9 vs. 87+/-5 beats min(-1) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Silent @entity741 occurred in about a third of @entity1 with @entity613 . Episodes of ischaemia were associated with an increased ABP and heart rate. Whether @entity101 may reduce silent ischaemia and if this favourably influences outcome is a matter of further research.

title: Episodes of ST-segment XXXX is related to changes in ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in @entity613 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-depression', 'depression', 'ischaemic ST-segment depression']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'treatment of high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic ST-segment deviation']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication', 'IC']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the utility of @entity379 levels, including identification of the best cutoff for the diagnosis of @entity378 . METHODS: We prospectively studied consecutive @entity1 in a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital who had @entity1143 . @entity379 levels were measured blindly by radioimmunoassay. The diagnosis of @entity378 was established using prespecified standard criteria. RESULTS: Of the 595 @entity1 with @entity1143 , 82 @entity1 (14%) had @entity378 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for elevated @entity379 levels in the diagnosis of @entity378 was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 to 1.00). A cutoff of 3.7 IU/mL yielded a sensitivity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.91 to 1.00) and a specificity of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99). The areas under the ROC curves, and the test's sensitivity and specificity, were similar among @entity1 of different ages and by percentage of lymphocytes in the pleural fluid. In 5 of the 28 @entity1 with @entity1583 , @entity379 levels were slightly above the cutoff; no @entity1 with @entity1333 or @entity738 had levels higher than 3.7 IU/mL. The 14 immunocompromised @entity1 and the 3 transplantation @entity1 with @entity378 had @entity379 levels greater than the cutoff. CONCLUSION: Elevated pleural @entity379 levels (>3.7 IU/mL) are very valuable in diagnosing @entity3254 . @entity1 with @entity1143 due to @entity1583 occasionally have levels slightly above the cutoff.

title: @entity379 levels in pleural fluid for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous diseases']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon gamma', 'interferon gamma']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies', 'hematologic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['pleural tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: AIM: The diagnostic procedures and management of calcifying @entity79 occurring in the sacrum. METHOD: A case report of a rare type of @entity2001 at an unknown localisation including the differential diagnosis and management. RESULTS: @entity1643 of a 41-year-old @entity1 was correlated with a calcifying bone formation of the sacrum on X-ray, demonstrating cystic, solid and exophytic components. On radionuclide bone scan, additional skeletal lesions were ruled out, the focus showed an increased uptake. An inflammatory process was excluded by lab studies. On computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, the calcifying bone formation was identified as surrounding the sacral canal, respecting the anatomical borders. Considering this anatomic region, a @entity5 could be eliminated by the absence of @entity16 , but the radiologic feature of this osseogenic process was not clear enough for classification. Hence, an incisional biopsy was essentially required. Describing the lesion as a bony cavity, the operating surgeon could macroscopically exclude an chordom a (known to be soft consistency). The histological work-up classified this @entity5 -like lesion as a calcifying solitary @entity2001 (CSBC). A dorsal exostosis causing the complaint of the @entity1 was resected. The @entity1 became asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: For the first time, a calcifying solitary @entity2001 located in the sacrum is described, By sole resection of a dorsal exostosis causing the complaint, an overtreatment of grave consequences was avoided.

title: [Calcifying solitary XXXX of the sacrum--A rare type of @entity2001 and its unknown localisation, differential diagnosis and management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neurogenic tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

answer: @entity2001 :: (MESH:D001845,Disease) :: ['bone cyst']


abstract: AIM: Despite the impact of @entity508 , there is a lack of objective, clinically reliable and valid tools for its assessment. This study aims to evaluate the reliability of various performance- and @entity508 -related parameters collected with a manually controlled instrumented @entity508 assessment in four lower limb muscles in @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ). METHOD: The lateral gastrocnemius, medial hamstrings, rectus femoris and hip adductors of 12 @entity1 with @entity306 (12.8 years,   4.13 years, bilateral/unilateral involvement n=7/5) were passively stretched in the sagittal plane at incremental velocities. Muscle activity, joint motion, and torque were synchronously recorded using electromyography, inertial sensors, and a force/torque load-cell. Reliability was assessed on three levels: (1) intra- and (2) inter-rater within session, and (3) intra-rater between session. RESULTS: Parameters were found to be reliable in all three analyses, with 90% containing intra-class correlation coefficients >0.6, and 70% of standard error of measurement values <20% of the mean values. The most reliable analysis was intra-rater within session, followed by intra-rater between session, and then inter-rater within session. The Adds evaluation had a slightly lower level of reliability than that of the other muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Limited @entity10281 were introduced by repeated stretch repetitions. The parameters were more reliable when the same rater, rather than different raters performed the evaluation. Standardisation and training should be further improved to reduce extrinsic error when different raters perform the measurement. Errors were also muscle specific, or related to the measurement set-up. They need to be accounted for, in particular when assessing pre-post interventions or longitudinal follow-up. The parameters of the instrumented @entity508 assessment demonstrate a wide range of applications for both research and clinical environments in the quantification of @entity508 .

title: The Intra- and Inter-Rater Reliability of an Instrumented Spasticity Assessment in XXXX with @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity10281 :: ('MESH:D020920', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic/extrinsic errors']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'spastic CP', 'CP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of @entity1067 may be caused by prostate smooth muscle contraction. Although a1 -blockers may improve symptoms by prostate smooth muscle relaxation, their efficacy is limited. This may be explained by non-adrenergic mediators causing contraction in parallel to a1 -adrenoceptors. However, little is known about the relevance and cooperative actions of non-adrenergic mediators in the prostate. METHODS: Prostate tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy (n   =   127 @entity1 ). Contractile responses were studied in an organ bath. RESULTS: @entity2232 and @entity1063 induced contractions of similar magnitude (116        23 and 117        18% of @entity10406 -induced contractions). @entity33318 -induced maximum contractions of 63        8.6 and 71        19% of @entity10406 , while contractions by the @entity2871 analog @entity2872 amounted up to 63        9.4%. @entity935 -induced contractions averaged to 22        4.5% of @entity10406 , while maximum contractions by @entity750 , @entity112 , and @entity5402 stayed below 10% of @entity10406 -induced. While @entity1063 -induced contractions were inhibited by @entity9940 (300   nM), @entity2232 -, -2-, or -3-induced contraction were not. No additive effects were observed if endothelins and @entity1063 were applied consecutively to the same samples. If @entity2232 was applied after @entity2872 , resulting tension (172        43% of @entity10406 ) significantly exceeded @entity1063 -induced contraction. @entity2701 following combined application of @entity15577 or -3 with @entity2872 stayed below @entity1063 -induced contractions. @entity2701 following combined application of all three endothelins with @entity2872 resembled maximum @entity1063 -induced tone. CONCLUSIONS: Contractions following concomitant confrontation of @entity1 prostate tissue with @entity1063 and @entity2232 are not additive. @entity2232 is sufficient to induce a smooth muscle tone resembling that of @entity1063 . This may replace lacking a1 -adrenergic tone under therapy with a1 -blockers, explaining the limited efficacy of a1 -blockers in LUTS treatment. Contractions by @entity2871 and @entity2232 may be additive, and may exceed a1 -adrenergic tone. Prostate    2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Non-Adrenergic, XXXX -Insensitive Smooth Muscle Contraction is Sufficient to Replace a1 -Adrenergic @entity2701 in the @entity1 Prostate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['Tension', 'Tensions']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['Tamsulosin']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The accuracy of a new rapid urinary @entity51420 test strip (actim @entity788 ) was compared with that of serum lipase for detection of @entity656 in @entity1 with acute @entity490 . METHODOLOGY: A prospective study was conducted which consisted of 237 consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity490 admitted to the emergency unit at Helsinki University Central Hospital. The @entity1 were tested on admission with the actim @entity788 test strip. Serum amylase, serum lipase, and urine @entity51420 concentrations were also determined quantitatively. RESULTS: The actim @entity788 test strip result was positive in 27 out of 29 @entity1 with @entity656 (sensitivity 93%) and in 16 of 208 @entity1 with non-pancreatic @entity490 (specificity 92%). This was superior to that of serum lipase (sensitivity 79% and specificity 88%). With a cut-off > 3x the upper reference limit, the sensitivity of serum lipase was only 55% while the specificity was 99%. The high sensitivity for the actim @entity788 test strip resulted in a very high negative predictive value of 99%. All six @entity1 with severe @entity656 were detected by the dipstick. With a higher cut-off value (> 3x upper reference limit) for lipase, two @entity1 with severe @entity656 remained undetected. Combining the actim @entity788 dipstick with serum lipase a positive predictive value of 94% was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity788 can be excluded with a higher probability with the actim @entity788 strip than with serum lipase determination, and therefore appears to be more suitable for screening of @entity656 . With its high specificity with a cut-off > 3x the upper reference limit, serum lipase is suitable as a confirmatory test for @entity788 when a positive dipstick result is obtained.

title: Comparison of urine @entity51420 test strip with serum lipase in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Axillary lymphadenectomy for primary @entity0 produces a non-negligible rate of postoperative lymphorrhea, prolonged hospital stays, and multiple @entity2080 punctures. We evaluated the impact of low- @entity556 fibrin sealant glue on surgical wounds in @entity1 undergoing axillary lymph node dissection for @entity0 . METHODS: We conducted an observational study of 149 @entity1 who underwent axillary lymphadenectomy for primary @entity0 between January 2014 and December 2015. Data were obtained from 2 successive prospective studies. The hospital stay length and morbidity (seromas, punctures) were compared between 2 groups: @entity1 who had padding sutures and low- @entity556 fibrin sealant glue without drainage (n  = 49) and @entity1 with drainage alone (n  = 100). Hospital costs were assessed from the hospital perspective. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay length was shorter in the fibrin sealant group (2.6 vs. 4.7 days; P  < .001). @entity2080 magnitude and punctures were similar in @entity1 treated with fibrin sealant compared with @entity1 with drainage alone. The rate of needle aspiration for @entity2080 was similar irrespective of whether or not a drain or fibrin sealant was used (30.6% vs. 33.0%, P  = .77). CONCLUSION: Low- @entity556 fibrin sealant glue does not significantly reduce the amount of fluid produced in the axilla after breast surgery; however, its systematic use may help reduce hospital stays and costs.

title: Use of Low- @entity556 Fibrin Sealant Glue After Axillary Lymphadenectomy for XXXX to Reduce Hospital Length and @entity2080 .

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['Seroma', 'seroma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Telomerase is an enzyme that stabilizes telomere length in transformed cells and @entity5 . Its role in @entity5 development is far from clear. In this paper, a new experimental model to study telomerase activity during tumorigenesis is presented. After infection with Polyoma virus, AKR @entity19 developed @entity704 and mammary gland @entity420 . Polyoma antigens were observed by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on tissue sections, and by Western blot on @entity5 extracts. The TRAP assay was performed to detect telomerase activity. It was not present in normal mammary gland, but it was positive in mammary gland @entity420 . A different pattern was seen in thymic tissues: normal thymus had higher telomerase activity than @entity704 . The incubation of thymoma extracts with normal thymus extracts decreased telomerase activity in the latter. These results demonstrate two different patterns of telomerase activity in @entity5 induced by Polyoma virus, and suggest the presence of telomerase inhibitory factors in @entity704 .

title: Telomerase activity in @entity704 and mammary gland XXXX induced by polyoma virus in AKR @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Complex barriers at the brain's surface, particularly in development, are poorly defined. In the adult, arachnoid blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier separates the fenestrated dural vessels from the CSF by means of a cell layer joined by tight junctions. Outer CSF-brain barrier provides diffusion restriction between brain and subarachnoid CSF through an initial radial glial end feet layer covered with a pial surface layer. To further characterize these interfaces we examined embryonic @entity35 brains from E10 to P0 and forebrains from @entity1 embryos and fetuses (6-21st weeks post-conception) and adults using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. Antibodies against @entity12771 , @entity4852 , collagen 1, SSEA-4, @entity14383 , @entity9086 , and its receptor @entity9596 and @entity6485 were used to describe morphological characteristics and functional aspects of the outer brain barriers. @entity12771 was a reliable marker of the arachnoid blood-CSF barrier. Collagen 1 delineated the subarachnoid space and stained pial surface layer. @entity4852 defined radial glial end feet layer and SSEA-4 and @entity9086 were present in both leptomeningeal cells and end feet layer, which transformed into glial limitans. @entity9596 and @entity6485 were present in the end feet layer illustrating transporter/receptor presence in the outer CSF-brain barrier. @entity14383 immunostaining in adult brain outlined the lower border of glia limitans; remnants of end feet were @entity9086 positive in some areas. We propose that outer brain barriers are composed of at least 3 interfaces: blood-CSF barrier across arachnoid barrier cell layer, blood-CSF barrier across pial microvessels, and outer CSF-brain barrier comprising glial end feet layer/pial surface layer.

title: Outer brain barriers in @entity35 and XXXX development.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distinguishing malignant from benign @entity253 remains a challenge. This prospective study assessed intraductal US as an adjunct to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and tissue sampling for diagnosis of @entity5 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity1 were enrolled who had @entity253 suspected to be malignant but with negative tissue sampling by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, or suspected @entity253 based on clinical manifestations and/or cross-sectional imaging. Intraductal US was performed with an over-the-wire 2.4-mm diameter 20 MHz catheter US probe. The diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography plus tissue sampling with and without intraductal US was compared with surgical findings or clinical outcome at a 12-month follow-up (benign/malignant) in nonsurgical cases. Tissue sampling results were reported as malignant, suspicious for @entity5 , atypical, or normal. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: Two @entity1 (3%) were excluded from analysis because the stricture could not be traversed with the intraductal US probe. Of the 60 remaining @entity1 (37 @entity1 , mean age 64 years, range 27-89 years), 31 had malignant strictures (12 @entity201 , 8 pancreatic, 5 metastatic, 3 gallbladder, 3 papilla), and 29 had benign strictures. Sphincterotomy was not required in any case to facilitate intraductal US. Fourteen @entity1 (23%) underwent subsequent surgery including 11 with a preoperative diagnosis of resectable @entity5 . Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography/tissue sampling (atypia considered equivalent to benign) correctly identified 15 of 31 malignant strictures (p = 0.001) and all 29 benign strictures (p = 0.16) (accuracy 73%, sensitivity 48%, specificity 100%). The addition of intraductal US correctly identified 28 of 31 malignant strictures and 27 of 29 benign strictures (accuracy 92%, sensitivity 90%, specificity 93%). Of 11 @entity1 with @entity5 who came to surgery, intraductal US correctly staged 4 (36%), understaged 5 (45%), missing metastatic lymph nodes in all cases and vascular invasion in 1 @entity1 , and overstaged 2 (18%), with a false-positive diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in 1 and @entity5 mass in 1 @entity1 who had no @entity5 at surgery. CONCLUSION: Technically easy, intraductal US is a valuable adjunct to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography/tissue sampling that increases the ability to distinguish malignant from benign strictures. Intraductal US is unsuitable for assessing lymph nodes associated with malignant strictures.

title: Intraductal US is a useful adjunct to ERCP for distinguishing malignant from benign XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant and benign biliary strictures', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity253 :: (MESH:D001660,Disease) :: ['biliary strictures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Indigenous residents living in remote communities in Australia's Northern Territory experience higher rates of preventable @entity102 and have poorer access to appropriate health services compared to other Australians. This study compared health outcomes and costs at different levels of primary care utilisation to determine if primary care represents an efficient use of resources for Indigenous @entity1 with common @entity102 namely @entity101 , @entity6 , @entity299 , @entity1030 and @entity8 . METHODS: This was an historical cohort study involving a total of 14,184 Indigenous residents, aged 15  years and over, who lived in remote communities and used a remote clinic or public hospital from 2002 to 2011. Individual level demographic and clinical data were drawn from primary care and hospital care information systems using a unique @entity1 identifier. A propensity score was used to improve comparability between high, medium and low primary care utilisation groups. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios and acceptability curves were used to analyse four health outcome measures: total and, avoidable hospital admissions, deaths and years of life lost. RESULTS: Compared to the low utilisation group, medium and high levels of primary care utilisation were associated with decreases in total and avoidable hospitalisations, deaths and years of life lost. Higher levels of primary care utilisation for @entity8 reduced avoidable hospitalisations by 82-85%, deaths 72-75%, and years of life lost 78-81%. For @entity1 with @entity299 , the reduction in avoidable hospitalisations was 63-78%, deaths 63-66% and years of life lost 69-73%. In terms of cost-effectiveness, primary care for @entity8 and @entity6 ranked as more cost-effective, followed by @entity101 and @entity299 . Primary care for @entity1030 was the least cost-effective of the five conditions. CONCLUSION: Primary care in remote Indigenous communities was shown to be associated with cost-savings to public hospitals and health benefits to individual @entity1 . Investing  1 in primary care in remote Indigenous communities could save  3.95- 11.75 in hospital costs, in addition to health benefits for individual @entity1 . These findings may have wider applicability in strengthening primary care in the face of high @entity102 prevalence globally.

title: Better health outcomes at lower costs: the benefits of primary care utilisation for XXXX management in remote Indigenous communities in Australia's Northern Territory.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease', 'chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kidneys from donors after @entity204 (DCD) are at risk for inferior outcomes, possibly due to microthrombi and additional warm @entity63 . We describe an organ procurement organization-wide trial utilizing thrombolytic @entity1456 (tPA) during machine pulsatile perfusion (MPP). A kidney from each recovered kidney pair was prospectively randomized to receive tPA (50 mg Alteplase) or no tPA (control) in the MPP perfusate. From 2011 to 2013, 24 kidneys were placed with enrolled recipients from 19 DCD kidney donors. There were no significant differences for absolute values of flow or resistance while undergoing MPP between the groups, nor rates of achieving discrete flow and resistance targets. While there was a trend towards lower @entity1011 and higher glomerular filtration rates in the tPA group at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, these differences were not significant. @entity10297 ( @entity10297 ) rates were 41.7% in the tPA group vs. 58.4% in the control group (OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.10 - 2.59, p = 0.68). Death-censored graft survival was similar between the groups. In this pilot study, encouraging trends are seen in kidney allograft function independent of MPP parameters following DCD kidney transplantation for those kidneys receiving thrombolytic tPA and MPP, compared with standard MPP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Enhancing Kidney Function with Thrombolytic Therapy following Donation after XXXX : A Multicenter Quasi-Blinded Prospective Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity10297 :: ('MESH:D051799', 'Disease') :: ['Delayed graft function', 'DGF']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Weekly @entity1311 alone has moderate activity in the salvage treatment of recurrent @entity43 and is associated with a favorable @entity137 profile. Combination @entity1311 and @entity3003 is a well-established first-line regimen for @entity43 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate weekly low-dose @entity1311 and @entity3003 in recurrent @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 previously treated with between one and four chemotherapeutic regimens were eligible. @entity1 had measurable or assessable disease defined by clinical exam, radiographic studies, or serum @entity10224 greater than 75 U/ml. One cycle of treatment consisted of @entity3003 at an area under the curve of 2 and @entity1311 at 80 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 on a 28-day cycle. Clinical responses were defined by established criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were included in this intent-to-treat study. The median number of prior treatment regimens was 2 (range 1 to 4). The overall response rate was 82.8% (16 complete clinical responses, 8 partial responses). Among 8 @entity902 -refractory @entity1 , the response rate was 37.5%, while 21 @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 had a 100% response rate. Median time to progression was 13.7 months among @entity902 -sensitive @entity1 and 3.2 months among @entity902 -refractory @entity1 . Overall median time to progression was 11.5 months and median-duration of response was 9.9 months. @entity1503 was common (32% grade 3 @entity1398 , no grade 4 @entity1398 , 14.2% grade 3 or 4 @entity882 ) and managed by treatment delay, dose reduction of @entity1311 , or discontinuation of @entity3003 . CONCLUSION: Weekly low-dose @entity3003 and @entity1311 has significant activity in both @entity902 -sensitive and @entity902 -resistant recurrent @entity43 with acceptable @entity137 that is easily managed by dose adjustment.

title: Weekly low-dose @entity3003 and @entity1311 in the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian or peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian and peritoneal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity560 and related compounds have been used to prevent @entity174 . OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity560 or analogues, with or without @entity460 , in the prevention of @entity174 in older @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group trials register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2005), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and reference lists of articles. Most recent search: March 2005. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials comparing @entity560 or an analogue, alone or with @entity460 , against placebo, no intervention, or @entity460 , reporting @entity174 outcomes, in older @entity1 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality, and extracted data. Data were pooled, where admissible, using the fixed-effect model, or random-effects model if the relative risks were heterogeneous. MAIN RESULTS: @entity560 alone showed no statistically significant effect on @entity173 (seven trials, 18,668 @entity1 , RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.41), @entity174 (four trials, 5698 @entity1 , RR (random effects) 1.13, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.55) or any new @entity174 (eight trials, 18,903 @entity1 , RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.09). @entity560 with @entity460 marginally reduced @entity173 (seven trials, 10,376 @entity1 , RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.96), @entity174 (seven trials, 10,376 @entity1 , RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), but there was no evidence of effect of @entity560 with @entity460 on @entity174 . The effect appeared to be restricted to those living in institutional care. Hypercalcaemia was more common when @entity560 or its analogues was given compared with placebo or @entity460 (14 trials, 8035 @entity1 , RR 2.38, 95% CI 1.52 to 3.71). The risk was particularly high with @entity3873 (three trials, 742 @entity1 , RR 14.94, 95% CI 2.95 to 75.61). There was no evidence that @entity560 increased gastro-intestinal symptoms (seven trials, 10,188 @entity1 , RR (random effects) 1.03, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.36) or @entity8 (nine trials, 10,107 @entity1 , RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.87). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Frail older @entity1 confined to institutions may sustain fewer hip and other @entity174 if given @entity560 with @entity460 supplements. Effectiveness of @entity560 alone in @entity174 prevention is unclear. There is no evidence of advantage of analogues of @entity560 compared with @entity560 . @entity3873 may be associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects. Dose, frequency, and route of administration of @entity560 in older @entity1 require further investigation.

title: @entity560 and XXXX analogues for preventing @entity174 associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture', 'non-vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3873 :: ('MESH:D002117', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitriol', 'Calcitriol']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity11792 is one of the leading @entity11792 spp. resulting in @entity149 (CNS) in @entity1 beings. Immunological status in @entity2381 of central nervous system remains elusive in case of both immunocompetent and immunocompromised @entity1 . Since cytokines are the major mediators of host response, evaluation of disease pathology along with cytokine profile in brain may provide snapshots of neuro-immunological response. An intravenous model of @entity281 was utilized to determine the pathogenicity of @entity281 and cytokine profile in the brain of male BALB/c @entity19 . Enumeration of colony forming units and histopathological analyses were performed on the brain tissue at distinct time periods. The kinetics of cytokines ( @entity637 , IFN-y, IL-12/IL-23p40, @entity777 , @entity14293 , @entity636 and @entity58 ) was evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96h post @entity281 (hPI) in brain homogenates using @entity19 cytokine specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Histological analysis exhibited the hyphae with leukocyte infiltrations leading to formation of granulomata along with @entity63 and pyknosis of neurons in the brain of infected @entity19 . Diseased @entity19 displayed increased secretion of IFN-y, @entity12782 and @entity777 with a concomitant reduction in the secretion of @entity61 cytokine @entity58 , and Th17 promoting cytokine, @entity14293 during the late phase of @entity281 . A.flavus induced inflammatory @entity65113 in @entity19 , characterized by a marked increase in the @entity630 cytokines and neurons undergoing @entity39 . A marked @entity528 with concurrent inflammatory responses might have led to the host mortality during late phase of @entity281 .

title: XXXX induces @entity65113 in @entity19 with display of distinct cytokine profile.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity65113 :: ('MESH:C537294', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous cerebral aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis of central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity11792 :: ('5059', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus', 'Aspergillus flavus']

entities_list: @entity2381 :: ('MESH:D001228', 'Disease') :: ['aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['A. flavus infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['increase in necrosis of neurons']

answer: @entity11792 :: (5059,Species) :: ['Aspergillus flavus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is common in severely @entity28 subjects (body mass index [BMI] > 35). Overnight polysomnography (OPS) is the "gold standard" method of evaluating this condition; however, it is time-consuming, inconvenient, and expensive. Selection of @entity1 for OPS would be enhanced if we could better predict those likely to have clinically significant @entity27 . STUDY OBJECTIVE: To look for clinical and biochemical predictors of @entity27 in symptomatic @entity1 presenting for @entity28 surgery. DESIGN AND @entity1 : Symptoms suggestive of @entity27 were sought in a structured interview. We report OPS results of 99 consecutive subjects in whom @entity27 was clinically suspected. Predictors of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) were sought from an extensive preoperative data collection. Multivariate linear and logistic analysis was used to identify independent predictors of @entity27 . RESULTS: Symptoms were poor predictors of @entity27 , with observed @entity387 the only positive predictor. Four clinical and two biochemical factors independently predicted @entity27 : observed @entity387 , male sex, higher BMI, age, fasting insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin A(Ic) (r(2) = 0.42). Neck circumference (the best single measure) could replace BMI and sex in the analysis (r(2) = 0.43). With cutoffs selected, a simple scoring system using these six factors provides a method of predicting those with moderate or severe @entity27 . A score > or = 3 provides a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 81%, and 96% and 71% for AHIs of > or = 15 and > or = 30, respectively. None of the 31 subjects with scores of 0 or 1 were found to have an @entity27 > or = 15. CONCLUSION: We explore @entity25 and report a simple method of predicting @entity27 in severely @entity28 symptomatic subjects. This should assist in limiting the use of OPS to those with greater risk and provide a method of assessing risk in those not presenting primarily with a @entity25 .

title: Predicting @entity387 and excessive @entity25 in the severely XXXX : indicators for polysomnography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea index', 'Obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA', 'AHI']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep problem', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Primary @entity1892 (PCBCL) is rare, with few series reported in the literature. Its classification and treatment remain controversial. Biopsy specimens of 13 @entity1 with PCBCL were classified according to both the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) and the new World Health Organization (WHO) classifications. Treatment and clinical outcomes were documented. Using the EORTC classification there were seven @entity1 and six @entity1 aged 32-85 years (mean = 51 years) with follicle centre cell (FCC) @entity706 (nine), immunocytoma (two) and primary cutaneous large B-cell @entity706 (PCLBCL-leg) (two). When the WHO classification was used, the nine @entity1 with FCC were reclassified as follicle centre (five) and diffuse large @entity1892 (four). Most @entity1 had localized disease (12). Initial treatment consisted of radiotherapy alone (seven), combination chemotherapy alone (one), combined chemoradiotherapy (three) and surgery (two). Twelve @entity1 achieved complete remission (median follow up 28 months, range 10-167 months). One @entity1 with PCLBCL-leg died from progressive @entity66 . Most localized PCBCL lesions (except PCLBCL-leg) have a favourable prognosis. We recommend that clinicians be familiar with the important differences in the EORTC and WHO classifications. Further large prospective studies comparing the WHO and EORTC classifications are required to more clearly delineate the outcomes of the increasing number of @entity1 who are classified as DLBCL by the WHO system.

title: Clinical study of primary XXXX using both the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 and World Health Organization classifications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma of the leg']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma', 'cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['cutaneous B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Carcinogenic potential of the @entity12585 antidiabetic @entity4506 was assessed in 104-week studies in @entity19 and @entity35 . @entity19 were given 50, 400, or 800 mg/kg, male @entity35 100, 400, or 800 mg/kg, and female @entity35 25, 50, or 200 mg/kg. Vehicle and placebo controls were included. Survival was significantly decreased in both sexes of both species at high doses, but was adequate for valid evaluation of carcinogenicity. @entity1184 and @entity1373 of brown adipose tissue was observed in both species at all doses, and @entity1560 and hypocellularity of bone marrow was noted in @entity19 at all doses and in female @entity35 at 50 and 200 mg/kg. Hepatocellular vacuolation was observed in @entity19 at 400 and 800 mg/kg, and centrilobular hepatocellular @entity1184 occurred in @entity35 at > or = 200 mg/kg. @entity2554 , @entity296 , and @entity955 in male @entity35 at 400 and 800 mg/kg and female @entity35 at all doses were morphologically similar to spontaneous lesions, but incidence and severity were increased compared with controls. In @entity19 , the incidence of @entity5426 was increased in females at 400 mg/kg and in both sexes at 800 mg/kg. The incidence of @entity157 was increased in female @entity19 at 800 mg/kg. @entity4506 exposure [AUC((0-24))] at the lowest dose associated with increased @entity5 incidence in @entity19 was 16 times @entity1 therapeutic exposure at 400 mg daily. No @entity5 of any type were increased in @entity35 at exposures up to 47 times therapeutic exposure.

title: Rodent carcinogenicity with the @entity12585 antidiabetic agent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty change']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone', 'Troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity12585 :: ('MESH:C089946', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinedione']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy', 'Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5426 :: ('MESH:D006394', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myocyte karyomegaly']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity4506 :: (MESH:C057693,Chemical) :: ['troglitazone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: TOR is a @entity4357 kinase (PIK)-related kinase that controls cell growth and proliferation in response to nutritional cues. We describe a @entity2199 TOR homolog (CeTOR) and phenotypes associated with @entity2195 . These phenotypes are compared with the response to starvation and the inactivation of a variety of putative TOR targets. RESULTS: Whether caused by mutation or RNA interference, TOR @entity1167 at mid-to-late L3, which is accompanied by marked @entity528 and a pronounced intestinal cell phenotype. A population of refractile, autofluorescent intestinal vesicles, which take up the lysosomal dye Neutral Red, increases dramatically in size, while the number of normal intestinal vesicles and the intestinal cytoplasmic volume decrease progressively. This is accompanied by an increase in the gut lumen size and a compromise in the intestine's ability to digest and absorb nutrients. CeTOR-deficient larvae exhibit no significant dauer characteristics, but share some features with starved L3 larvae. Notably, however, starved larvae do not have severe intestinal @entity194 . Inactivation of @entity2199 p70S6K or TAP42 homologs does not reproduce @entity2195 phenotypes, nor does inactivation of @entity2199 TIP41, a putative negative regulator of CeTOR function, rescue @entity2195 . In contrast, inactivating the @entity2199 eIF-4G homolog and eIF-2 subunits results in developmental @entity1167 accompanied by the appearance of large, refractile intestinal vesicles and severe intestinal @entity194 resembling that of @entity2195 . CONCLUSIONS: The developmental @entity1167 and intestinal phenotypes of @entity2195 are due to an inhibition of global mRNA translation. Thus, TOR is a major upstream regulator of overall mRNA translation in @entity2199 , as in @entity375 .

title: TOR deficiency in @entity2199 causes developmental XXXX and intestinal @entity194 by inhibition of mRNA translation.

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency results in developmental arrest', 'arrest']

entities_list: @entity2195 :: ('OMIM:211750', 'Disease') :: ['CeTOR deficiency']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal degeneration']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['arrest']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to explore and describe meanings of being on sick leave due to @entity712 . METHODS: The study was conducted in Sweden during 2011-2012. Five @entity1 and one @entity1 , aged 46 to 62, were interviewed. A reflective life-world research approach based on phenomenological philosophy was used. The result of the analysis is presented in three themes. RESULTS: To be on sick leave due to @entity712 implies a life situation characterized by @entity148 , insecurity and uncertainty. When rehabilitation professionals do not take on their professional responsibility, sick listed @entity1 with @entity712 perceive they are dismissed and abandoned. If rehabilitation professionals take on their professional responsibility it can be experienced as supportive. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who are on sick leave due to @entity712 are abandoned by rehabilitation professionals and they lack opportunities to participate in their own sick leave/rehabilitation processes. Rehabilitation professionals need to take more responsibility and allow the @entity1 to participate by connecting and recognizing @entity1 as equal @entity1 beings. The present results can be used by rehabilitation professionals to reflect on and discuss the needs of @entity1 on sick leave due to @entity712 . IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION: @entity712 is a chronic condition implying a complicated life-situation. @entity1 with @entity712 experience abandonment by rehabilitation professionals and lack participation in their own rehabilitation process. In order to support @entity1 on sick leave due to @entity712 and coordination between rehabilitation professionals are needed.

title: To be on sick-leave due to XXXX : a qualitative perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'human', 'people', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure collaboration', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: In mammals, Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway signaling is important for the growth and homeostasis of extracellular matrix, including basement membrane remodeling, @entity2318 , and bone growth. A conserved BMP member in @entity2199 , @entity63921 , regulates body length in a dose-sensitive manner. Loss of @entity63921 pathway signaling also results in increased anesthetic sensitivity. However, the physiological basis of these pleiotropic phenotypes is largely unknown. We created a @entity63921 over-expressing strain and show that sensitivity to anesthetics is inversely related to the dose of @entity63921 . Using pharmacological, genetic analyses, and a novel dye permeability assay for live, microwave-treated animals, we confirm that @entity63921 is required for the barrier function of the cuticle, a specialized extracellular matrix. We show that @entity63921 signaling is required to prevent animals from forming tail-entangled aggregates in liquid. Stripping lipids off the surface of wild-type animals recapitulates this phenotype. Finally, we find that @entity63921 signaling affects ultrastructure of the @entity2199 cuticle in a dose-dependent manner, as surface lipid content and cuticular organization are disrupted in animals with genetically altered @entity63921 levels. We propose that the lipid layer coating the @entity2199 cuticle normally prevents tail entanglement, and that reduction of this layer by loss of @entity63921 signaling promotes aggregation. This work provides a physiological mechanism that unites the @entity63921 signaling pathway roles of not only body size regulation and drug responsiveness, but also the novel @entity5956 staining and aggregation phenotypes, through barrier function, content, and organization of the cuticle.

title: Regulation of extracellular matrix organization by BMP signaling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'Caenorhabditis elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['Caenorhabditis elegans']


abstract: To define the influence of time in culture on gene expression for extracellular matrix proteins we have examined the progression of changes in gene expression for chondrocyte extracellular matrix proteins from the time the chondrocytes are initially isolated from their native cartilaginous matrix through 13 days of high-density culture. We have also determined the effect of matrix depletion and shape change by enzymatically resuspending cells after 6 days in culture and sampling the replated cells at intervals up to 13 days. Northern blots of chondrocyte RNA were hybridized with probes for collagen alpha 1(II), alpha 1(I), aggrecan, link protein, and decorin mRNA. The steady-state level of alpha 1(II) collagen mRNA dropped to 45% of the initial value within 24 h, with a further decrease to 21% by Day 3. A similar decline occurred, but less rapidly in @entity9050 supplemented cultures with values of 78%, at 24 h and 62% at Day 3. Very low levels of alpha 1(I) collagen mRNA were detectible in cells maintained for 2 weeks without @entity9050 supplementation. Type I collagen alpha 1(I) mRNA was not detected in freshly isolated chondrocytes or at the earliest times in culture but was increasingly abundant from Days 5-13 in the presence of @entity9050 . @entity620 supplementation altered the pattern of aggrecan expression over time. Without @entity9050 there was an increase in steady-state aggrecan mRNA with time in culture, but in the presence of @entity9050 , aggrecan mRNA levels peaked at early culture times and progressively diminished. Decorin steady-state mRNA levels in cultures not supplemented with @entity620 steadily increased over time in culture following a lag of several days. In cultures treated with @entity9050 , however, there was a progressive increase in decorin steady-state mRNA levels from the first day in culture. Resuspending chondrocytes by digestion of the cell layer with pronase and collagenase at Day 6, which resulted in a transient shape change as well as matrix depletion, resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase in alpha 1(II) mRNA at Day 7 in @entity9050 supplemented cultures. Only with @entity9050 was there a small increase in decorin mRNA at Day 7, after resuspension. Aggrecan mRNA, however, showed a 3-fold increase without @entity9050 and a 10-fold increase with @entity9050 within 24 h of resuspension. Similarly, link protein steady-state mRNA showed an 8-fold increase without @entity9050 and a 9-fold increase with @entity9050 within 24 h after resuspension.

title: Modulation of extracellular matrix gene expression in bovine high-density chondrocyte cultures by XXXX and enzymatic resuspension.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid', 'Ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['ascorbic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the current pattern of use of @entity1289 inhibitor and monitoring of renal function in general practice and to audit all admissions to a regional renal unit for uraemia related to use of these drugs. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire sent to 400 general practitioners; audit of clinical notes of all @entity1 receiving these drugs in one large general practice; audit of all cases of uraemia ( @entity1011 concentration >500 micromol/l) related to treatment presenting to hospital renal services over 12 months. SETTING: General practices in the North Wales health authority and one in central Manchester. Regional renal unit in Salford. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of general practitioners who regularly monitored renal function before and after initiation of @entity1289 inhibitors. Indications for treatment and details of monitoring of renal function in @entity1 receiving these drugs. Incidence of related uraemia and evidence of comorbid disease, other aetiological factors, delayed detection, and @entity1 outcome. RESULTS: 277 (69%) general practitioners replied; 235 (85%) checked renal function before but only 93 (34%) after the start of treatment, and 42 (15%) never checked renal function. @entity1289 inhibitors were prescribed for 162 @entity1 from a total of 3625 aged >35 years (mean age 66.4 (SD 15.9) years). Monitoring of renal function occurred before treatment in 55 (45%) and after start of treatment in 35 (29%) of the 122 @entity1 treated in general practice. @entity1289 inhibitors could be causally implicated in 9 (7%) of 135 admissions for uraemia (mean age 74.2 (7. 2) v 62.1 (2.1) years; P<0.01). 3 @entity1 had @entity455 and 6 had @entity712 with another intercurrent illness. Renal function had not been checked in any @entity1 after the start of treatment; mean duration of illness before admission was 10.5 (3.2) days. Mean length of hospital stay was 20.9 (10.4) days; there were 8 survivors. CONCLUSION: Cases of uraemia related to treatment with @entity1289 inhibitors are still encountered and are often detected late because of lack of judicious monitoring of renal function in vulnerable, often elderly, @entity1 , especially at times of intercurrent illness. Guidelines for appropriate monitoring of renal function may help to minimise the problem.

title: Questionnaire study and audit of use of XXXX inhibitor and monitoring in general practice: the need for guidelines to prevent renal failure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'Angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1289 :: (1636,Gene) :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme']


abstract: Previously, we demonstrated that the shift and/or restriction of feeding time during relatively short-term period (4 weeks) could alter the pituitary gonadotropin expression and the weights of seminal vesicle and prostate in @entity35 . We also found that the @entity3685 ( @entity3685 ) schedule (up to 8 weeks) might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of @entity342 -dependent reproductive tissues. In the present study, we extended the @entity3685 time regimen up to 12 weeks, and measured the reproductive tissue weights. After 4 and 8 weeks of @entity3685 , the weights of epididymis were not significantly different. After 12 weeks, however, epididymis weights of @entity3685 animals were significantly different (CON 12W : @entity3685 12W = 48.26  0.62 mg : 44.05  1.57 mg, p<0.05). After 4 and 12 weeks of feeding, seminal vesicle weights of @entity3685 animals were significantly decreased (CON 4W : @entity3685 4W = 79.36  8.34 mg : 46.28  2.43 mg, p<0.001; CON 12W : @entity3685 12W = 72.04  3.76 mg : 46.71  2.27 mg, p<0.001, respectively). Prostate weights were not changed by @entity3685 . Kidney and spleen weights of @entity3685 animals were significantly different on weeks 4 and 12 (Kidney, CON 4W : @entity3685 4W = 249.72  4.20 mg : 228.41  3.03 mg, p<0.001; CON 12W : @entity3685 12W = 309.15  7.49 mg : 250.72  6.13 mg, p<0.001, respectively, Spleen, CON 4W : @entity3685 4W = 111.26  3.76 mg : 96.88  4.69 mg, p<0.05; CON 12W : @entity3685 12W = 123.93  10.72 mg : 94.68  5.65 mg, p<0.05, respectively). Histology analysis of seminal vesicle revealed that the thinner epithelial cell layers, @entity146 folding in the exocrine glands on weeks 4 and 12 of @entity3685 . There was no histological difference between control and @entity3685 group on week 8. The present study indicates that up to 12 weeks @entity3685 induced differential changes in tissue weights of male @entity19 . In particular, seminal vesicle, kidney and spleen seemed to temporarily adapted to the @entity3685 -induced metabolic stress on week 8 of feeding schedule. These results confirmed the our previous study that the @entity3685 might induce an adaptable metabolic stress and cause impairment of @entity342 -dependent reproductive tissues such as epididymis and seminal vesicle as well as non-reproductive tissues such as kidney and spleen. Further studies will be needed to achieve a better understanding of the how does mealtime shift affect the reproductive function and exact nature of adaptation.

title: Effect of Long Term Reverse Feeding on the Reproductive and Non-reproductive Tissues in Male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced complexities of swollen papilla']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['reverse feeding', 'RF']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Within our surgical collection clinically inactive @entity977 represent 30.7% of all @entity5 . To characterize their endocrine activity we studied 40 clinically inactive @entity977 with in situ hybridization (ISH) using cRNA probes labelled with 35S encoding @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ), prolactin (PRL) and chorionic gonadotrophin (beta @entity6740 ). No @entity5 was associated with clinical evidence of elevated hormone secretion. A mild @entity4089 not correlated with hormone or the mRNA content of the cells was interpreted to be incidental in 11 @entity1 . By histological analysis, immunohistochemistry (IH) and electron microscopy the @entity652 were diagnosed as small cell chromophobic (n = 16) and large cell chromophobic (n = 8) @entity652 , and @entity1637 (n = 16). Gene expression of one or more hormones was identified by ISH in 18 of 40 @entity652 in few cells. @entity2124 and PRL gene expression was rare ( @entity2124 mRNA in 3 of 40 @entity5 and PRL mRNA in 8 of 40 @entity5 ) whereas in 14 of 40 @entity652 beta @entity6740 /beta LH gene expression was identified in scattered cells. Five of 40 @entity652 lacking hybridization signals revealed hormones by IH. The detection of mRNA was accompanied by positive immunostaining for the respective hormones in 72%. The combination of ISH and IH reveals good evidence that the hormones are synthesized in the @entity5 and not taken up from the serum and stored in the cells. The two methods used together permit a more precise analysis of @entity5 biology than each alone.

title: HGH, PRL and beta XXXX /beta LH gene expression in clinically inactive @entity977 detected by in situ hybridization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity6740 :: (MESH:C538388,Disease) :: ['HCG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combinations of infero-temporal and either supero-nasal ('inferior-superior') or medial percaruncular ('inferior-medial') injections are popular double-injection techniques for establishing peribulbar @entity616 . This study compared the efficacy of these two techniques in achieving ocular and lid @entity910 . METHODS: One hundred @entity1 were randomized to receive inferior-superior or inferior-medial injections in a study in which injectate, injectate volumes, 5-min ocular @entity910 scoring (0-8), lid scoring (0-2) and supplemental injection protocols were standardized. The numbers of supplemental injections required at each observation period and the total volume of injectate required to produce ocular and lid @entity910 were compared. RESULTS: The two test groups were demographically similar. The inferior-medial combination achieved greater ocular @entity910 than the inferior-superior combination 5 min after the initial injections (mean score +/- standard deviation of 1.74 +/- 1.86 vs. 2.66 +/- 2.39; P < 0.05), with a reduced requirement for supplementary injections (3 vs. 23 supplementary injections; P < 0.025). The inferior-superior technique achieved greater lid @entity910 at 5 min than the inferior-medial technique (mean score +/- standard deviation of 0.7 +/- 0.9 vs. 0.3 +/- 0.58; P < 0.005). A medial subconjunctival @entity548 occurred in one @entity1 in the inferior-medial group. CONCLUSION: Compared with the inferior-superior technique, the inferior-medial combination achieved more rapid ocular @entity910 with less need for supplementation, but induced less efficient lid @entity910 and had a propensity to cause @entity548 . The latter complication is considered by our surgeons to be a contraindication to the inferior-medial technique in @entity1 undergoing trabeculectomy.

title: A comparison of two double-injection techniques for peribulbar XXXX : infero-temporal plus supero-medial vs. infero-temporal plus medial-percaruncular.

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['block analgesia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'iatrogenic subconjunctival hemorrhage']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['block analgesia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sacroiliac fixation using iliac screws for highly unstable lumbar spine has been reported with an improved fusion rate and clinical results. On the other hand, there is a potential for clinical problems related to iliac fixation, including late @entity8480 and @entity158 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 were evaluated. @entity179 was diagnosed in 7 @entity1 , @entity11252 in 6 @entity1 , destructive @entity5145 in 4 @entity1 , and Charcot spine in 3 @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent posterolateral fusion surgery incorporating lumbar, S1 and iliac screws. We evaluated the @entity158 scores, bone union, and degeneration of @entity2720 by X-ray imaging and computed tomography before and 3 years after surgery. For evaluation of @entity1643 from @entity2720 3 years after surgery, @entity3303 was administered in order to examine @entity158 relief thereafter. RESULTS: Pain scores significantly improved after surgery. All @entity1 showed bone union at final follow-up. Degeneration of @entity2720 was not seen in the 20 @entity1 3 years after surgery. @entity1 showed @entity1643 3 years after surgery. However, not all @entity1 showed relief of the @entity1643 after injection of @entity3303 into the sacroiliac joint, indicating that their @entity158 did not originate from @entity2720 . CONCLUSION: The fusion rate and clinical results were excellent. Also, degeneration and @entity158 from @entity2720 were not seen within 3 years after surgery. We recommend sacroiliac fixation using iliac screws for highly unstable lumbar spine.

title: Clinical incidence of XXXX and @entity158 after sacropelvic fixation for spinal deformity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back and buttock pain', 'slight low back and buttock pain']

entities_list: @entity8480 :: ('MESH:C563037', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joint arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliac joints']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back syndrome']

answer: @entity8480 :: (MESH:C563037,Disease) :: ['sacroiliac joint arthritis']


abstract: @entity308 and disorders increase substantially during adolescence. Little is known, however, about how individual symptoms of @entity308 change over the course of this developmental period. The present study examined within- @entity1 changes in symptom severity of each individual symptom of @entity308 , utilizing longitudinal data collected across 6 years of adolescence. Adolescent gender and family relationship variables were tested as predictors of the symptom trajectories (i.e., intercept and slope). Adolescents and their mothers (N = 240) were first evaluated when youth were in Grade 6 (M = 11.86 years old, SD = 0.56, 54% female) and then annually through Grade 12. Individual symptoms of @entity308 were assessed by a clinical interviewer using the @entity1 's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R). Mothers and youth also completed measures about their relationship on the @entity1 's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory and the Family Environment Scale. Results showed that all @entity308 symptoms increased linearly over time except @entity1155 and problems with concentration and decision making, which were best represented by a quadratic growth model. Sex differences were found such that significantly more rapid increases in worthlessness/guilt were found for @entity1 than @entity1 , and concentration/decision making problems significantly changed for @entity1 , but not @entity1 . Poor family relationship quality (mother-reported) predicted a significantly faster rate of increase in adolescents' symptoms of @entity4270 , appetite/weight changes, and @entity1295 . High maternal psychological control (youth-reported) also predicted a faster rate of increase in @entity4270 . Study limitations, future research directions, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

title: Trajectories of individual XXXX symptoms in adolescents: gender and family relationships as predictors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'girls', 'person', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'Depressive syndrome', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor disturbances']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extra-adrenal, @entity1320 constitutes a rare @entity5 and, moreover, its location in the greater omentum is extremely infrequent. CASE PRESENTATION: A 46-year-old @entity1 with an unremarkable medical history presented with an asymptomatic greater omentum mass that was discovered incidentally during ultrasonographic evaluation due to @entity1866 . Clinical examination revealed a mobile, non-tender, well-circumscribed mass in the right upper and lower abdominal quadrant. Blood tests were normal. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed a huge (15 x 15 cm), well-demarcated, solid and cystic, heterogeneously enhanced mass between the right liver lobe and right kidney. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a large mass in the greater omentum. The @entity5 was completely excised along with the greater omentum. Histopathology offered the diagnosis of benign greater omentum @entity1823 . After an uneventful postoperative course, the @entity1 was discharged on the 4th postoperative day. She remains free of disease for 2 years as appears on repeated CT scans as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and scintigraphy performed with radiotracer-labeled @entity7990 ( @entity7990 ) scans. CONCLUSION: This is the second reported case of greater omentum @entity1823 . Clinical and imaging data of @entity1 with extra-adrenal, intra-abdominal @entity1823 are variable while many of them may be asymptomatic even when the lesion is quite large. Thorough histopathologic evaluation is imperative for diagnosis and radical excision is the treatment of choice. Since there are no definite microscopic criteria for the distinction between benign and @entity5 , prolonged follow-up is necessary.

title: XXXX of the greater omentum: Case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity7990 :: ('MESH:D019797', 'Chemical') :: ['MIBG', 'metaiodobenzyl-guanidine']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1823 :: ('MESH:D010235', 'Disease') :: ['paragangliomas', 'paraganglioma']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal paraganglioma']

answer: @entity1823 :: (MESH:D010235,Disease) :: ['Paraganglioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the molecular mechanism involved in @entity1 with @entity942 . METHODS: Activity of FV was determined by biochemical method. The PCR products of FV gene was analyzed by DNA sequencing directly or cloned into T-vector prior to DNA analysis. The mutation of FV gene in proband and his family numbers was analysed by restriction enzyme analysis. Its occurrence was investigated in the control group. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood mono1nuclear cells of the proband, male, 18 years old, and his parents. The PCR products were analyzed by direct sequencing or cloned into T-vector prior to DNA analysis. One hundred @entity1 with different kind of hemotopathy were used as controls. RESULTS: A single point mutation, @entity67386 was found at position 3' splice site of intron 8 of the proband. This mutation was confirmed by family screening. CONCLUSION: A single point mutation, @entity67386 at position 3' splice site of intron 8 mutation of FV gene is related to the pathogenesis of @entity942 .

title: [A novel molecular mechanism of XXXX : mutation in the intron acceptor splice site of @entity1 blood coagulation FV gene].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67386 :: ('c|SUB|AG||GG', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AG-->GG']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['congenital FV deficiency']

answer: @entity942 :: (MESH:D003677,Disease) :: ['congenital FV deficiency']