abstract: Disturbances of the peripheral nervous system, summarised under the term " @entity3949 ", are a well-known complication of long-term @entity6 . However, there is little information about the fact that these conditions may lead to difficulties in monitoring @entity4094 by peripheral nerve stimulation during general anaesthesia. We report two @entity6 @entity1 (40 resp. 62 years of age) in whom a total of four ophthalmological operations were performed under general anaesthesia. In all cases monitoring of neuromuscular transmission was attempted by stimulation of the left ulnar nerve slightly proximal to the wrist, but not even the usual calibration could be obtained in either @entity1 . Checks confirmed that the nerve stimulator was functional and the electrodes--in all cases self-adhesive, pregelled surface electrodes--were placed correctly. In order to evaluate the hypothesis that disturbances of peripheral nerve function might be responsible, the @entity1 were examined neurophysiologically in the postoperative period. Both @entity1 showed severe alterations in peripheral nerve conduction: a sensory response could not be evoked in any of the extremities and the ulnar distal motor latency time was pathologically prolonged (5.4 ms in @entity1 1 and 4.9 ms in @entity1 2; normal: 1.4-4.0 ms). Therefore, in accordance with the clinical symptoms, the diagnosis of @entity3949 was established. These cases demonstrate that severe disturbances of the peripheral nervous system may render neuromuscular monitoring impossible.

title: [Failure of relaxometry in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity3949 :: (MESH:D003929,Disease) :: ['diabetic polyneuropathy']


abstract: Dimensional models are commonly used as a supplement to the categorical model within the field of @entity1314 . The purpose of this study was to examine personality dimensions as predictors of 5-year outcomes among @entity1 with @entity1279 . One hundred and thirty-four @entity1 with @entity1279 participated in a randomised psychotherapy treatment trial. Data was available for 109 out of the 134 @entity1 at follow-up. Outcomes were the presence of any @entity1277 (past year), the presence of a @entity1316 episode (past year), and the global assessment of functioning at 5-year follow-up. Self-directedness was the only predictor of any @entity1277 diagnosis (past year) at 5-year follow-up. Asceticism significantly predicted the presence of a @entity1316 episode (past year) at 5 years. @entity4225 symptoms predicted global functioning at 5 years. These results suggest that high self-directedness at pre-treatment may offer potential prognostic information @entity1277 status 5 years post-treatment. Furthermore, no single measure predicted outcome for all variables (any @entity1277 diagnosis, a @entity1316 episode (past year), or global functioning) at 5-year follow-up. This suggests that a comprehensive personality assessment using multiple measures is desirable for predicting outcomes.

title: Dimensional measures of personality as a predictor of outcome at 5-year follow-up in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['Borderline personality disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorder']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['regarding eating disorder', 'eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality disorders']

answer: @entity1279 :: (MESH:D052018,Disease) :: ['bulimia nervosa']


abstract: @entity43 is the leading cause of @entity204 among gynaecological @entity5 . Multiple drug resistance makes @entity5 cells insensitive to chemotherapy. In this study, we developed six primary @entity43 cell lines (W1MR, W1CR, W1DR, W1VR, W1TR, and W1PR) resistant to drugs such as @entity1499 , @entity900 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , @entity1945 , and @entity1311 . A chemosensitivity assay @entity98 test was performed to assess drug cross-resistance. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were also performed to determine mRNA and protein expression of genes involved in chemoresistance. We observed high cross-resistance to @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity1311 in the cell lines resistant to these agents. We also found a significant correlation between resistance to these drugs and increased expression of @entity7895 . Two different mechanisms of topotecan resistance were observed in the W1TR and W1PR cell lines. We did not observe any correlation between @entity7737 transcript and protein levels. Cell lines resistant to agents used in @entity43 treatment remained sensitive to @entity1499 . The main mechanisms of drug resistance were due to @entity7895 expression in the @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity1311 resistant cell lines and @entity28671 expression in the topotecan resistant cell line.

title: MDR gene expression analysis of six XXXX cell lines.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['drug-resistant ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is one of the most serious complications of @entity6 worldwide. Strong evidence suggests that several growth factors may contribute to the initiation and progressive @entity82 of @entity2316 . Recently, there is an overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in renal biopsies from @entity1 with @entity2316 . This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of urinary PDGF-BB level in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity8 and to evaluate its relationship with various clinical and laboratory parameters. METHODS: Urinary levels of PDGF-BB were measured in 60 Egyptian type 2 @entity6 @entity1 categorized into three equal groups (normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria), according to urinary albumin level. In addition, 20 healthy subjects were selected to serve as controls. RESULTS: The urinary PDGF-BB levels were significantly increased in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Moreover, diabetics with micro- and macroalbuminuria had significantly higher levels than in those with normoalbuminuria (p < 0.001). Urinary PDGF-BB correlated positively with disease duration, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 , and urinary albumin and negatively with @entity1011 clearance in @entity6 @entity1 . In a multiple regression model, urinary PDGF-BB was strongly and independently associated with @entity8 in @entity6 @entity1 (b = -0.03, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PDGF-BB may play an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . It is considered as a good predictor for early deterioration of renal function in @entity2316 . Thus, measurement of urinary PDGF-BB in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 could be used for early detection of @entity2316 .

title: Urinary platelet-derived growth factor-BB as an early marker of @entity8 in XXXX with type 2 @entity6 : an Egyptian study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Compartment syndrome of the hand is an uncommon entity in @entity1 and is usually the result of @entity130 or burns. Insects, such as wasps, produce a wide variety of toxins such as @entity4478 , peptides, and enzymes that can cause local and systemic inflammatory reactions after a sting. This inflammation can, in rare cases, lead to the development of a @entity2054 . We present the case of a 5-year-old @entity1 who developed a @entity2054 of the hand after a single wasp sting that required emergent fasciotomy. To our knowledge, this has not been reported previously in the literature. An institutional review board approved review of the case. The clinical presentation, laboratory studies, radiographs, and possible-exacerbating factors leading to the development of a @entity2054 , as well as the surgical procedure and postoperative course, were reviewed. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative photographs are also presented. A 5-year-old @entity1 presented to the emergency department 18 h after a single wasp sting to the dorsum of his hand. Based on his history and physical examination, hand compartment pressures were measured in his hand and found to be elevated. He underwent emergent fasciotomies with delayed wound closure. The @entity1 healed uneventfully and at 5-month follow-up had full use of his hand, full range of motion, and normal 2-point discrimination in all the fingers. In conclusion, while wasp and other insect stings are common in @entity1 , this case is the first, to our knowledge, of a @entity2054 of the hand after a wasp sting. Local measures used to treat insect stings such as heat and elevation may have played a role in the development of a @entity2054 . It is important to have a high index of suspicion for this condition in a @entity1 who presents with signs and symptoms of a @entity2054 after an insect sting. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Acute XXXX of the hand after a wasp sting: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2054 :: ('MESH:D003161', 'Disease') :: ['compartment syndrome']

answer: @entity2054 :: (MESH:D003161,Disease) :: ['compartment syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity601 ( @entity601 ) is an important quantitative feature for evaluating severity of @entity2850 by various pathologies, including @entity2075 . In this study, we sought to determine the accuracy and the prognostic value of our computer algorithm that automatically measures the @entity601 of the brain on computed tomography (CT) images in @entity1 with @entity542 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Modelling the deformed midline into three segments, we had designed an algorithm to estimate the @entity601 automatically. We retrospectively applied our algorithm to the initial CT images of 53 @entity1 with @entity542 to determine the automated @entity601 (aMLS) and validated it against that measured by @entity1 (hMLS). Both measurements were separately used to predict the neurological outcome of the @entity1 . RESULTS: The hMLS ranged from 0 to 30 mm. It was greater than 5 mm in images of 17 @entity1 (32%). In 49 images (92%), the difference between hMLS and aMLS was <1 mm. To detect @entity601 >5 mm, our algorithm achieved sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 100%. For mortality prediction, aMLS was no worse than hMLS. CONCLUSION: In summary, automated @entity601 was accurate and predicted outcome as well as that measured manually. This approach might be useful in constructing a fully automated computer-assisted diagnosis system.

title: Automated assessment of midline shift in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['brain compression']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['Midline shift', 'MLS']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic intracranial hematomas']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Organ failure in @entity295 accounts for significant mortality worldwide. Mitochondrial and metabolic responses are central to the overall response of the cell, and thus of the organ and organism. Adaptive responses in metabolism are critical to the recovery at the cellular level. The purpose of these investigations was to test the hypothesis that @entity295 is associated with decreased aerobic respiration and significant metabolic changes in the liver. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity19 underwent @entity1588 ( @entity1588 ) with a 21 gauge needle or an operation without @entity1588 . @entity19 were euthanized from 0-24 h after the procedure and liver tissue was harvested. Tissue @entity26 consumption and mitochondrial complex activity were measured. Global biochemical profiles of 311 metabolites were performed at the 8-h time point (n = 8/group) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry platforms by Metabolon (Durham, North Carolina). The influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on aerobic and anaerobic respiration in primary @entity19 hepatocytes was also investigated. RESULTS: @entity1588 in vivo or LPS in vitro resulted in a significant decrease in hepatic @entity26 consumption. There was a significant decrease in oxidative phosphorylation measured at 12 h. LPS also resulted in a significant increase in anaerobic respiration in hepatocytes. Interestingly, the metabolomic analysis resulted in a metabolic shift in the liver from @entity1735 -based energy to utilization of @entity1718 and @entity1522 . This included an increase in every @entity6626 cycle intermediate and derivative, suggesting an increased flux into the cycle from @entity844 beta-oxidation and anaplerotic contributions from @entity1522 . CONCLUSIONS: Sepsis results in a metabolic response and profile consistent with increased anaerobic respiration, which occurs prior to significant changes in hemodynamics. The metabolic responses of cells and organs may be important adaptive responses to prevent organ failure and @entity204 .

title: Polymicrobial XXXX is associated with decreased hepatic oxidative phosphorylation and an altered metabolic profile.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1588 :: ('MESH:D002429', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cecal ligation and puncture']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the present paper is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a single injection of 2.5 U of botulinum Type A Toxin for @entity5971 resulting from @entity9175 . MATERIAL: @entity1 were divided into 3 groups: acute group of 7 @entity1 3 to 4 months after onset, chronic group of 6 @entity1 5 to 11 months after onset, and a protracted group of 7 @entity1 more than one year after onset. @entity1 less than 3 months after onset were excluded because of possible spontaneous recovery. RESULTS: The amount of @entity2194 averaged 39. @entity30680 before and 16. @entity30681 after treatment. Following treatment, good motility and alignment were obtained in 10 @entity1 , including 5 cases in the acute group, 4 in the chronic group, and 1 in the protracted group. The reduction of deviation averaged 82%, 74%, and 34% in the acute, chronic, and protracted groups, respectively. The therapeutic effect was also related to the degree of contracture of the medial rectus muscle. Six cases that failed to respond to the current therapy underwent surgery for recession/advancement of the horizontal muscles. The surgical outcome was not related to the maximum reduction obtained by injection of botulinum toxin. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the injection should be administered at the end of 3 months after onset, if the deviation has not shown any improvement by then. It may be effective in chronic cases. Not much improvement can be expected if the condition has persisted for one year or longer.

title: [Treatment of XXXX by botulinum type A toxin].

entities_list: @entity9175 :: ('MESH:C564661', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral abducens palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular deviation']

entities_list: @entity30681 :: ('3 delta', 'DNAMutation') :: ['3 delta']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic esotropia']

entities_list: @entity30680 :: ('2 delta', 'DNAMutation') :: ['2 delta']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['paralytic esotropia']


abstract: The metacarpophalangeal pattern (MCPP) profile in 17 out of 22 @entity1 with @entity14537 was studied throughout the growth period, from 2 weeks to 19 years of age. Two typical MCPP profiles will be described. The first type of profile was found in 13 @entity1 . Although the form of the profile is the same throughout the years, the lengthening of the fingers is most pronounced around 2 years of age. Before and after that period there is a flattening of the curve. The metacarpals are relatively longer below the age of 3 years, above 3 years the lengthening of the proximal phalanges is more pronounced in the profile. The second type of profile was found in 4 @entity1 . This curve is almost a mirror image of the first profile. The fingers are not as long as in the first type and the profile is less pronounced. In one of the 17 @entity1 the transition from the first type to the second type could be demonstrated. One @entity1 had a normal profile.

title: @entity14537 ( XXXX ). Metacarpophalangeal pattern profiles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14537 :: ('MESH:D058495', 'Disease') :: ["Sotos' syndrome"]

answer: @entity14537 :: (MESH:D058495,Disease) :: ['Sotos' syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent work on arousal vs. activation in adults showed that @entity272 ( @entity272 ) increased, and global alpha levels decreased, from eyes-closed to @entity2194 . This study explored whether similar effects occur in @entity1 . METHODS: EEG activity was recorded from 30 @entity1 aged 8-12 years during counterbalanced eyes-closed and @entity2194 ; SCL was measured as an index of arousal. RESULTS: @entity272 were negatively correlated with mean alpha levels in the eyes-closed condition, and increased significantly from eyes-closed to @entity735 . Reductions were found in across-scalp mean absolute delta, theta, alpha, and beta from eyes-closed to @entity735 . Topographic changes were evident in all bands except alpha. CONCLUSIONS: Results confirm the use of mean alpha level as a measure of resting-state arousal under eyes-closed and @entity2194 . Focal changes in the other bands suggest that these reflect differences in activation, rather than the simple increase in arousal shown in alpha. SIGNIFICANCE: This @entity1 study confirms the generality of eyes-closed vs. @entity735 non-alpha EEG measures differing in mean power levels and topography, the latter indicating brain activity related to visual processing. Such differences should be considered when evaluating EEG research, and in choosing baseline conditions for different paradigms.

title: EEG differences in XXXX between eyes-closed and @entity2194 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['eyes-open conditions', 'eyes-open resting conditions', 'eyes-open resting baseline conditions']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SCLs', 'skin conductance levels']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare serum levels of @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) between @entity1 with @entity2681 ( @entity571 ), and investigate its association with morphological changes and radiographic progression over 2 years. METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with erosive and 33 @entity1 with @entity571 were included in this study. All underwent clinical examination, which included assessment of @entity158 , @entity4 , @entity1847 and completed health assessment questionnaires. Serum levels of @entity7245 were measured by ELISA. Three-phase bone scintigraphy was performed at baseline. Radiographs of both hands were performed at baseline and after 2 years and scored according Kallman grading scale. RESULTS: Serum levels of @entity7245 were significantly higher in @entity1 with erosive than with @entity571 (P<0.01). It correlated significantly with the number of @entity1847 . @entity7245 adjusted for age and disease duration significantly correlated with radiographs at baseline and after 2 years in all @entity1 with @entity571 (r=0.560 and r=0.542, P<0.01 for both correlations). Although there was an association between @entity7245 and radiographic score in @entity66 , after adjustment for confounders it remained no longer significant. @entity7245 adjusted for confounders correlated significantly with the late phase in all @entity1 with @entity571 (r=0.412, P<0.01) and in @entity1 with @entity66 (r=0.320, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity7245 is increased in @entity1 with erosive @entity571 and could be proposed as a surrogate marker with a predictive value for further radiographic progression of @entity571 in general. Further investigation is necessary to confirm these results.

title: Serum @entity7245 as a potential marker with a predictive value for further radiographic progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['hyaluronic acid', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['non-erosive HOA', 'HOA']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['erosive disease']

entities_list: @entity2681 :: ('MESH:D014077', 'Disease') :: ['erosive and non-erosive hand osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['deformity and deviation of small hand joints', 'hand joints with deviations and deformities']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['hand osteoarthritis']


abstract: @entity11 are the most common @entity5 of the central nervous system (CNS) and a frequent cause of @entity204 . The treatment of @entity11 is often palliative due to their high recurrence rate. A growing body of evidence suggests that @entity11 may arise from @entity5 stem cells (CSC) correlated with neural stem cells (NSC), with the capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. CSCs have been isolated from @entity1 @entity11 and numerous other solid @entity5 . It is assumed that a number of established malignant cell lines also contain a rare subpopulation of stem cells. This study was designed to investigate the proportion of CSCs in the @entity1 @entity11 cell line SHG44 and to study the limitations of @entity5439 immunophenotyping in @entity11 stem cell research. SHG44 cells were cultured in both serum-containing and serum-free medium. The similar shape in growth curves (in the exponential growth phase) revealed that most cells participated in the population amplification. Time gradient @entity1603 labeling and monoclonal assay revealed that almost every single cell participated in the division growth (98.82%) and possessed the ability to form clones (96.19%). No significant difference was found in the proportions of @entity5439 + cells in the serum-containing and serum-free groups (38.25%/37.92%). In addition, no significant difference was noted in the proportions of @entity5439 + cells among monoclones selected randomly in the serum-containing group. These results suggested that @entity5439 - cells generate @entity5439 + cells and have the ability to form clones. Thus, we concluded that most SHG44 cells were CSCs and serum-free medium was not necessary for the generation of CSCs. In this line, @entity5439 - cells also possessed clonogenic, self-renewal capacities and were also CSCs.

title: The biological characteristics of @entity11 stem cells in @entity1 XXXX cell line SHG44.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas', 'gliomas', 'glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['glioma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We determined the sonographic features of perforating @entity698 in @entity1 in order to determine the best criteria for establishing the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonograms of the right lower quadrants of 71 @entity1 with proved @entity698 were reviewed to determine the value of sonography in distinguishing between nonperforating and perforating @entity698 . The sonographic signs evaluated included the presence or absence of an appendix, an echogenic submucosal layer, @entity16001 , free or loculated periappendiceal or pelvic fluid collections, and appendicoliths. The sonographic findings were correlated with the surgical and pathologic findings. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 had nonperforating @entity698 , and 26 had perforating @entity698 . A sonographically visible appendix was present in all @entity1 with nonperforating @entity698 and in 10 (38%) of 26 @entity1 with perforation. An echogenic submucosa was noted in 27 (60%) of 45 @entity1 with uncomplicated @entity698 but in only three (30%) of 10 @entity1 with a visible appendix and perforating @entity698 (p < .05). In 19 of 26 @entity1 with perforating @entity698 , sonography showed loculated periappendiceal or pelvic fluid collections; no @entity1 with nonperforating @entity698 had a loculated fluid collection (p < .05). No statistically significant association was found between the presence or absence of perforation and free pelvic fluid, prominent periappendiceal fat, or an appendicolith. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that sonography can be helpful in the diagnosis of perforating @entity698 . The best predictors of perforation are absence of the echogenic submucosal layer and the presence of a loculated fluid collection.

title: Acute appendicitis in XXXX : value of sonography in detecting perforation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16001 :: ('MESH:D058535', 'Disease') :: ['increased periappendiceal echogenicity']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the real-world use of combination insulin glargine/exenatide therapy for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and associated treatment persistence and glycemic control. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data were extracted from a national US insurance claims database for @entity1 with @entity6 for whom insulin glargine and exenatide were co-prescribed in differing order: insulin glargine added after exenatide (EXE+); exenatide added after insulin glargine ( @entity9984 +); glargine and exenatide initiated together ( @entity9984   +   EXE). @entity1 had continuous health plan coverage for 6 months pre- (baseline) and 1-year post-index (follow-up). RESULTS: A total of 453 @entity1 were eligible for analysis: 141 @entity1 were included in the EXE+   cohort, 281 in the @entity9984 +   cohort, and 31 in the @entity9984   +   EXE cohort. There were significant differences between the groups at baseline, including a significantly lower @entity3916 in the @entity9984 +   versus the EXE+   cohort (p   =   0.0023). Around one third of @entity1 stayed on both drugs up until the end of the follow-up period ( @entity9984 +: 30.2%; EXE+: 29.0%; @entity9984   +   EXE: 29.0%). However, more @entity1 stayed on insulin glargine than on exenatide in each cohort. Significant @entity3916 reductions were observed in each of the cohorts at follow-up: @entity9984 +: -0.4%; EXE+: -0.9%; @entity9984   +   EXE: -1.2%; p   <   0.01, and were significantly higher in the @entity9984   +   EXE and EXE+   cohorts than in the @entity9984 +   cohort (p   =   0.03 and p   =   0.002, respectively). The mean number of hypoglycemic events increased slightly from baseline but remained low in each of the cohorts ( @entity9984 +: 0.12 to 1.42; EXE+: 0.09 to 1.04; @entity9984   +   EXE: 0.23 to 1.87 per @entity1 , all p   >   0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Combined therapy with insulin glargine and exenatide resulted in @entity3916 reductions in @entity6 @entity1 with poor glycemic control without a significantly increased risk of @entity4053 irrespective of treatment order. Limitations of this study are the between-cohort differences at baseline, lack of a comparator group, and small n number, particularly in the @entity9984   +   EXE cohort.

title: Combination therapy with insulin glargine and exenatide: real-world outcomes in @entity1 with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: This case series reviews the clinical, radiographic and laboratory findings of five @entity1 with progressive idiopathic @entity602 with evidence of cord @entity39 who presented in our institution over a 5 year period ending in May 2005. @entity1 fulfilling the following criteria were included: (1) presentation with @entity602 without overt visual involvement at initial presentation; (2) demonstration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of contiguously abnormal signal in the spinal cord spanning at least three vertebral segments without evidence of @entity2758 or significant disk disease; (3) absence of @entity262 or @entity5 . All @entity1 were @entity1 , identified themselves as African American and were older than 35 years. @entity158 was reported at initial presentation in four cases. The distinctive feature was a relapsing course with intervening variable improvement of function and progression to @entity1688 in less than 4 years. An increased IgG index and/or oligoclonal banding was detected in two @entity1 . The leukocyte count in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was elevated in all cases but in only one specimen did the count exceed 50 cells. None of the @entity1 initially had clinical signs of an @entity1781 but unilaterally prolonged visual evoked potentials were present in one individual who went on to developed @entity7995 19 months after the first clinical presentation. Another @entity1 developed @entity7995 45 months after disease onset. Immunomodulatory and plasma exchange therapy were of some benefit at least early in the course but the disease progressed despite these interventions. @entity1652 ( @entity1652 )-IgG antibody, a serum or CSF marker described in individuals with classic @entity1652 and optico-spinal @entity15 ( @entity15 ), was present in all cases. On the basis of shared clinical and imaging features in the cord, progressive necrotizing @entity602 observed in this case series exhibits key features of a limited form of @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) and @entity36047 . The presence of @entity1652 -IgG antibody marker suggests that progressive necrotizing @entity602 is part of a disease spectrum of which traditional @entity1652 is a select presentation.

title: XXXX : part of the spectrum of @entity1652 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromyelitis optica', "Devic's disease", 'NMO']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity36047 :: ('MESH:C580329', 'Disease') :: ['opticospinal MS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['Progressive necrotizing myelopathy']


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of vaginal douching with @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) upon cervical mucus viscoelasticity and sperm penetration in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-five couples with primary @entity249 for greater than 12 months participated in the study. The selection criteria were: (i) semen quality compatible with conception, (ii) regular ovulatory cycles and (iii) repeated negative @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ). After at least one inventory cycle, three consecutive cycles were studied. In the second and third cycles, vaginal douching was performed with either 1.5% (w/v) @entity5993 or 0.9% (w/v) @entity1219 (randomized procedure). The viscoelasticity of the cervical mucus, sperm penetration tests (SPT) and PCTs were analysed. The viscoelasticity of mucus samples after @entity5993 douching was significantly lower than the viscosity after @entity1219 douching (P less than 0.001, n = 16) and in the control cycles (P = 0.003). The SPT scores were significantly higher in the @entity5993 cycles than in the @entity1219 cycles (P = 0.004, n = 22) and in the control cycles (P less than 0.001). The @entity1062 scores proved to be significantly higher after @entity5993 douching than after @entity1219 douching (P = 0.002, n = 21). Comparison of @entity5993 and control cycles also showed a significant improvement of the @entity1062 score after @entity5993 douching (P less than 0.001).

title: Improvement of cervical mucus viscoelasticity and sperm penetration with XXXX douching.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['post-coital test', 'PCT']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that periodontal @entity281 is a risk factor for a number of @entity262 and conditions. In addition to the conventional risk factors, @entity281 and the subsequent generation of a systemic inflammatory response may be associated with this increased risk. AIMS: This study was conducted to determine whether the presence of @entity7278 and subsequent non-surgical periodontal therapy could influence the serum levels of @entity650 and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) in @entity1 with severe chronic generalized @entity2521 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: @entity1 were selected from subjects who attended the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantololgy, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sera were obtained from 25 @entity1 with @entity2521 for baseline examination and reassessment after completion of treatment. As a control, sera were also obtained from 20 subjects without @entity2521 . @entity650 was determined by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and high-sensitivity @entity1851 (hsCRP) was measured using latex turbidometric immunoassay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed using computer software, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 10. RESULTS: The level of @entity650 and hsCRP in the sera of @entity2521 @entity1 was seen to be higher than those of healthy controls. @entity650 level tended to decrease with improvement of the periodontal condition following treatment and approached that of control subjects, and this decline was statistically significant. The hsCRP levels also showed a decreasing trend following periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we were able to show that periodontal disease significantly affects the serum levels of systemic inflammatory markers and that non-surgical periodontal therapy could bring about a decrease in the levels of these inflammatory markers.

title: The short-term effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on the circulating levels of XXXX and @entity1851 in @entity1 with @entity7278 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity650 :: ('3569', 'Gene') :: ['Interleukin-6', 'interleukin-6']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'chronic infection']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['interleukin-6']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29555 (CCMs), characterized by @entity64 , recurrent @entity10 and @entity302 , are @entity154 of the central nervous system. @entity29555 is an @entity74 and three CCM genes have been identified. We report a Chinese family with CCMs and intend to explore clinical, pathological, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and pathogenic gene mutation of this family. METHODS: Totally 25 family members underwent brain MRI examination and clinical check. Two @entity1 with surgical indications had surgical treatment and the specimens were subjected to histopathological and microstructural examination. In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing were performed with genomic DNA extracted from 25 family members' blood samples for mutation detection. RESULTS: Brain MRI identified abnormal results in seven family members. All of them had multiple @entity1504 and four cases had skin cavernous @entity2695 . T2-weighted sequence showed that the lesions were typically characterized by an area of mixed signal intensity. Gradient-echo (GRE) sequence was more sensitive to find micro-cavernous @entity2695 . There was a wide range in the clinical manifestations as well as the age of onset in the family. The youngest @entity1 was an 8-year-old @entity1 with @entity1504 . Histopathological and microstructural examination showed that CCMs were typically discrete @entity66 , with @entity548 in various stages of illness evolution. They were formed by abnormally enlarged sinusoids and the thin basement membranes. A novel T deletion mutation in exon 14 of @entity14826 gene was identified by mutation detection in the seven @entity1 . But unaffected members and healthy controls did not carry this mutation. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations were heterogenic within this family. We identified a novel mutation ( @entity29556 ) was the disease-causing mutation for this family and extended the mutational spectrum of CCMs.

title: Features of a Chinese family with cerebral cavernous malformation induced by a novel XXXX gene mutation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multi-sublobes of berry-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['least intracranial lesions', 'intracranial lesions']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant inherited disorder']

entities_list: @entity29555 :: ('MESH:C536610', 'Disease') :: ['Familial CCMs', 'Familial cerebral cavernous malformations']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity14826 :: (889,Gene) :: ['CCM1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gardenia yellow pigment (GYP) is a collection of compounds with shared structure of @entity24149 , which confers antidepressant activity. GYP is remarkably enriched in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, implicated in rapid antidepressant effects that are exerted through enhanced neuroplasticity. This study aims to investigate the rapid antidepressant-like activity of GYP and its underlying mechanism. After the optimal dose was determined, antidepressant responses in tail suspension test or forced swim test were monitored at 30 minutes, 1, 3, and 7 days post a single GYP administration. Rapid antidepressant potential was tested using learned helplessness paradigm. The expression of proteins involved in hippocampal neuroplasticity was determined. The effect of blockade of protein synthesis on GYP's antidepressant response was examined. Antidepressant response was detected at 30 minutes, and lasted for at least 3 days post a single administration of GYP. A single administration of GYP also reversed the @entity4207 test. Thirty minutes post GYP administration, ERK signaling was activated, and its downstream effector phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 was inhibited, contributing to increased protein translation. Expression of synaptic proteins @entity7335 and @entity10593 was up-regulated. Blockade of protein synthesis with @entity11007 blunted the immediate antidepressant response of GYP. @entity10366 signaling and @entity2252 expression were up-regulated at 24 hours, but not at 30 minutes. In conclusion, GYP-induced immediate antidepressant response was dependent on synthesis of proteins, including synaptic proteins. This was followed by enhanced expression of @entity10366 and @entity2252 , which likely mediated the persistent antidepressant responses.

title: Instant and Persistent Antidepressant Response of Gardenia Yellow Pigment Is Associated with Acute Protein Synthesis and Delayed Up-Regulation of XXXX Expression in the Hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity11007 :: ('MESH:D000841', 'Chemical') :: ['anisomycin']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in learned helplessness']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['BDNF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) in stage     and stage     of @entity370 . METHODS: There were 55 @entity1 of @entity370 selected from January 2012 to October 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. The diagnostic positive rate and the positive rate in stage     and     @entity1 with @entity370 through EBUS-TBNA, conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (cTBNA), endobronchial biopsy (EBB) combined with transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) were calculated. The positive rate of single lymph node puncture and the positive rate of different size of lymph node were compared. The difference of the positive rate of lymph nodes in different stations was checked. By calculating the diagnostic yield of EBUS-TBNA in @entity370 @entity1 , the practicality and safety of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosing stage     or stage     @entity370 was assessed. RESULTS: Among 55 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 obtained positive results through EBUS-TBNA or cTBNA. There were 18 @entity1 who had only received EBUS-TBNA among a total of 55 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity370 , positive results appeared in 17 cases, while cTBNA was 9/15. There were 20 cases diagnosed in which both had EBUS-TBNA and cTBNA. The diagnostic rate of cTBNA combined with EBB and TBLB was 25/26, while combined with EBUS-TBNA was 21/21. Totally 90 lymph nodes were punctured by EBUS-TBNA, in which 65 lymph nodes got the positive results (65/90) while 49 lymph nodes got the positive results by TBNA in 93 punctured lymph nodes (49/93). The diagnostic positive rate in the lymph nodes with a short diameter >= 2 cm was 33/37 by EBUS-TBNA, while it was 12/19 in those whose short diameter 1-<2 cm. By cTBNA, the diagnostic positive rate was 15/26 and 11/28. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity370 in stage     and stage     by EBUS-TBNA is safe and effective, while choosing the most noticeable swelling lymph node to puncture is recommended. Combining the EBUS-TBNA with traditional bronchoscope technology can obtain a further higher diagnostic efficiency.

title: [Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in stage     and stage     of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: @entity551 is a disorder of @entity3485 due to iatrogenic or spontaneous spinal CSF leakage. Rarely, positional @entity10 may progress to @entity772 , with frequent misdiagnosis. The authors review reported cases of verified @entity551 -associated @entity772 , including 3 previously unpublished cases, totaling 29. Most @entity1 presented with @entity10 prior to @entity16 , with positional symptoms elicited in almost half. Eight @entity1 had recently undergone a spinal procedure such as lumbar drainage. Diagnostic workup almost always began with a head CT scan. Subdural collections were present in 86%; however, @entity551 was frequently unrecognized as the underlying cause. Twelve @entity1 underwent one or more procedures to evacuate the collections, sometimes with transiently improved mental status. However, no @entity1 experienced lasting @entity16 after subdural fluid evacuation alone, and some deteriorated further. @entity551 was diagnosed in most @entity1 via MRI studies, which were often obtained due to failure to improve after @entity3439 ( @entity3439 ) evacuation. Once the diagnosis of @entity551 was made, placement of epidural blood patches was curative in 85% of @entity1 . Twenty-seven @entity1 (93%) experienced favorable outcomes after diagnosis and treatment; 1 @entity1 died, and 1 @entity1 had a morbid outcome secondary to duret @entity548 . The literature review revealed that numerous additional @entity1 with clinical histories consistent with @entity551 but no radiological confirmation developed @entity3439 following a spinal procedure. Several such @entity1 experienced poor outcomes, and there were multiple deaths. To facilitate recognition of this treatable but potentially life-threatening condition, the authors propose criteria that should prompt @entity551 workup in the @entity772 @entity1 and present a stepwise management algorithm to guide the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: @entity551 producing reversible XXXX : a systematic review, including three new cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematoma', 'SDH']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration', 'neurological improvement']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['coma', 'comatose']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['CSF hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypotension', 'Intracranial hypotension']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: Direct antiglobulin test (DAT)-negative @entity5506 (Coombs-negative AIHA) is characterized by laboratory evidence of in vivo hemolysis, together with a negative DAT performed by conventional tube technique (CTT) in clinically suspected AIHA @entity1 . The immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for red-blood-cell-bound immunoglobulin G (RBC-IgG) can be used to diagnose @entity1 in whom CTT does not detect low levels of red cell autoantibodies. We investigated the diagnostic cutoff value of the IRMA for RBC-IgG in Coombs-negative AIHA and calculated its sensitivity and specificity. Of the 140 @entity1 with negative DAT by CTT referred to our laboratory with undiagnosed @entity5714 , AIHA was clinically diagnosed in 64 @entity1 (Coombs-negative AIHA). The numbers of Coombs-negative AIHA and non-AIHA @entity1 changed with age and gender. The cutoff values were determined from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve according to age and gender. The IRMA for RBC-IgG proved to be sensitive (71.4%) and specific (87.8%) when using these cutoffs. Using these cutoffs for 41 @entity1 with negative DAT referred to our laboratory in 2006, all the pseudonegative cases were treated with @entity230 before the test. The 31 untreated cases could be grouped using one cutoff value of 78.5 and showed 100% sensitivity and 94% specificity, independent of gender and age. Results indicate that RBC-IgG could become a standard approach for the diagnosis of Coombs-negative AIHA, when measured before treatment.

title: Cut-off value of red-blood-cell-bound IgG for the diagnosis of Coombs-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: Forty-seven @entity1 with solid @entity5 were treated on a phase I study of @entity19647 administered by mouth once per week. @entity390 and @entity391 were excessive at weekly doses of 350 and 450 mg/m2/week but were tolerable and controlled reasonably well by antiemetics at lower doses. There appeared to be a relatively shallow dose-vs- @entity3028 curve above a @entity19647 dose of 180 mg/m2/week. No @entity1 receiving chronic @entity619 for @entity2657 developed @entity3028 , even at @entity19647 doses of 350-450 mg/m2/week. Two @entity1 developed @entity281 . No @entity1 developed @entity882 . Mild @entity943 were seen in 3 @entity1 . Two @entity1 suffered possible @entity583 that may not have been related to treatment. Asymptomatic blood pressure fluctuations were common and were probably not related to treatment. @entity294 was dose-related but was generally not severe. @entity1665 and @entity3136 occurred occasionally. Minor responses were seen in two @entity1 with @entity11 , and three of five @entity263 @entity1 experienced marked @entity158 relief. The dose recommended for phase II studies is 250-300 mg/m2/week with antiemetic pretreatment. This schedule appears to allow an oral @entity19647 dose-intensity that is approximately double that attainable with other oral schedules that have been studied.

title: Phase I study of oral XXXX administered on a once weekly schedule.

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['evaluable prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic infection']

entities_list: @entity19647 :: ('MESH:D017290', 'Chemical') :: ['menogaril']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity19647 :: (MESH:D017290,Chemical) :: ['menogaril']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11807 ( @entity11807 ) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous @entity74 . Many groups have established @entity11807 registries. In Tunisia, in collaboration with the Tunisian @entity11807 Study Group (TFASG), we set up the Tunisian @entity11807 Registry (TFAR). @entity1 AND METHODS: We contacted all hematology and pediatrics departments to include their @entity11807 @entity1 diagnosed between January 1983 and December 2008. The registry is available on the TFASG web site (www. @entity4434 .net). RESULTS: Sorting the files brought out 142 @entity1 belonging to 118 families. The mean age at diagnosis was 11 years. There was consanguinity in 86%, @entity600 in 91%, and @entity3043 at diagnosis in 69%. Of 28 @entity1 , 95% belonged to the @entity2864 group. @entity342 treatment was given in 109 cases and genoidentical bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in 27 @entity1 . The diagnosis of a @entity2590 was retained in 4%, @entity3052 in 6%, and a solid @entity5 in 2%. The median overall survival time in all @entity1 is 17 years 5 months; it is significantly better in @entity1 having received allografts (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity11807 seems frequent in Tunisia, which is in part explained by the high consanguinity and endogamy in this country. @entity1503 is still the most frequent revealing circumstance of the disease. It is often severe or moderate and requires @entity342 treatment or bone marrow transplantation. BMT should be proposed to all @entity1 with an HLA-compatible donor.

title: [Creation and report of the Tunisian XXXX Registry (TFAR)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformative syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen', 'androgen']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ['fanconi-tunisie']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi Anemia', 'Fanconi anemia', 'FA']

answer: @entity11807 :: (MESH:D005199,Disease) :: ['Fanconi Anemia']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity73 represent a core symptom cluster in @entity161 ( @entity161 ) that is predictive of outcome but not effectively treated by current antipsychotics. Thus, there is a need for validated animal models for testing potential pro-cognitive drugs. OBJECTIVE: As @entity5373 levels are increased in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of individuals with @entity161 , we acutely increased brain levels of this astrocyte-derived, negative modulator of alpha7 nicotinic @entity934 receptors (a7nAChRs) by administration of its bioprecursor @entity10594 and measured the effects on extracellular @entity5373 and @entity2227 levels in PFC and also performance in a set-shifting task. RESULTS: Injections of @entity10594 (100 mg/kg, i.p.) increased extracellular @entity5373 (1,500%) and decreased @entity2227 levels (30%) in PFC. @entity10594 also produced selective deficits in set-shifting. Saline- and @entity10594 -treated @entity35 similarly acquired the compound discrimination and intra-dimensional shift (saline, 7.0 and 6.3 trials, respectively; @entity10594 , 8.0 and 6.7). Both groups required more trials to acquire the initial reversal (saline, 15.3; @entity10594 , 22.2). Only @entity10594 -treated @entity35 were impaired in acquiring the extra-dimensional shift (saline, 8.2; @entity10594 , 21.3). These deficits were normalized by administering the a7nAChR positive allosteric modulator @entity11545 (3.0 mg/kg, i.p) prior to @entity10594 , as trials were comparable between @entity11545 + @entity10594 (7.8) and controls (8.2). Bilateral local perfusion of the PFC with @entity11545 (5.0  M) also attenuated @entity10594 -induced deficits. CONCLUSIONS: These results validate the use of animals with elevated brain @entity5373 levels in @entity161 research and support studies of drugs that normalize brain @entity5373 levels and/or positively modulate a7nAChRs as pro-cognitive treatments for @entity161 .

title: Acute elevations of brain XXXX impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator @entity11545 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity11545 :: ('MESH:D005702', 'Chemical') :: ['galantamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'SZ']

entities_list: @entity5373 :: ('MESH:D007736', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenic acid']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine', 'Kynurenine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity5373 :: (MESH:D007736,Chemical) :: ['kynurenic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2530 of the femoral head is the end point of a disease process that results in @entity39 , joint @entity4 , and @entity16 . It leads to joint @entity625 that necessitates total hip arthroplasty in many @entity1 . Because of its positive effects on osteogenesis and its chondroprotective effect of articular cartilage, pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation has been proposed as a method to prevent or delay the progression of @entity2530 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment with pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation of seventy-six hips in sixty-six @entity1 with @entity2530 of the femoral head was performed. @entity1 with Ficat stage I, II, or III @entity2530 of the femoral head were treated with pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation for eight hours per day for an average of five months. Clinical and diagnostic imaging information was collected at the start of the treatment and at the time of follow-up. The primary end point analyzed was the avoidance of hip surgery, and the secondary end point was limiting the radiographic progression (according to Ficat stage) of @entity2530 of the femoral head. RESULTS: Fifteen hips required a total hip arthroplasty; twelve of these hips were in @entity1 with Ficat stage-III disease. The need for total hip arthroplasty was significantly higher in @entity1 with Ficat stage-III disease than in @entity1 with Ficat stage-I (p < 0.0001) or II (p < 0.01) disease at the beginning of treatment. Pulsed electromagnetic fields preserved 94% of Ficat stage-I or II hips. Furthermore, radiographic progression (according to Ficat stage) occurred in twenty hips (26%). @entity158 , present in all @entity1 at the start of the treatment, disappeared after sixty days of stimulation in thirty-five @entity1 (53%) and was of moderate intensity in seventeen @entity1 (26%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that pulsed electromagnetic field treatment may be indicated in the early stages of @entity2530 of the femoral head (Ficat stages I and II). Pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation may be able to either preserve the hip or delay the time until surgery. The authors hypothesize that the short-term effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation may be to protect the articular cartilage from the catabolic effect of @entity32 and subchondral bone-marrow @entity4 . The long-term effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation may be to promote osteogenic activity at the @entity39 area and prevent trabecular @entity174 and @entity79 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors on jbjs.org for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Biophysical stimulation with pulsed electromagnetic fields in XXXX of the femoral head.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'bone necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['subchondral bone collapse']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['Osteonecrosis', 'osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: We tested the hypothesis that a cardiopulmonary bypass prime with @entity880 would be associated with less @entity520 than a prime with only @entity2865 anions because of differences in the measured strong-ion-difference. We randomised 20 @entity1 to a 1500 ml bypass prime with either a @entity2865 -only solution (Ringer's Injection; anions: @entity2865 152 mmol/l) or a lactated solution (Hartmann's solution; anions: @entity2865 109 mmol/l, @entity880 29 mmol/l). Arterial blood was sampled before bypass and then two, five, 15 and 30 minutes after initiating bypass. We used repeated measures analysis of variance to compare groups. In both groups, the base-excess and measured strong-ion-difference decreased markedly from baseline after two minutes of bypass. The @entity2865 -only group had greater @entity520 with lower base-excess and pH (P < 0.05), greatest after five minutes of bypass (C5). Contrary to our hypothesis, however, the difference between the groups was not due to a difference in the measured strong-ion-difference, P = 0.88. At C5 when the difference in standard base-excess between the groups was greatest, 1.9 mmol/l (95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 3.6 mmol/l, P < 0.05), the difference in the measured strong-ion-difference was only 0.2 mmol/l (95% confidence interval: -2.4 to 2.7 mmol/l, P > 0.05). There was, however a difference in the net-unmeasured-ions (strong-ion-gap). We conclude that acid-base changes with cardiopulmonary bypass may differ with the prime but that the early differences between @entity2865 -only and lactated primes appear not to be due to differences in the measured strong-ion-difference. We suggest future studies examine other possible mechanisms including unmeasured ions.

title: Effect of pump prime on XXXX , strong-ion-difference and unmeasured ions during cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2865 :: ('CHEBI:17996', 'Chemical') :: ['chloride']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['acidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent miscarriage affects 1-2% of couples trying to conceive, and is idiopathic in nearly half. Female fertility is controlled by the @entity43 and we hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms affecting the function of genes involved in regulating the @entity43 will be associated with recurrent miscarriage. METHODS: Whole peripheral blood DNA from 227 @entity1 with recurrent miscarriage and 130 control @entity1 was obtained for this study. Using the Sequenom iPlex assay for fragment analysis, 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4 short tandem repeat (STR) polymorphisms in 20 candidate genes were evaluated for genetic association with recurrent miscarriage. RESULTS: Several candidate associations were identified with an uncorrected P-value of 0.05. Genotype distribution at an SNP ( @entity25447 ) in the @entity12595 gene (P = 0.03), and allele distributions at an SNP ( @entity16115 ) in the @entity4738 gene (P = 0.04) and an STR polymorphism in the @entity172 receptor b gene (P = 0.03) were associated with recurrent miscarriage. The T allele of an SNP ( @entity25448 ) within the activin receptor type 1 gene ( @entity15703 ) was associated with increased number of miscarriages in an additive manner (P = 0.02). These candidate associations were not statistically significant after correcting for multiple analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Candidate associations were identified between recurrent miscarriage and genetic variation within @entity1783 , @entity12595 , @entity4738 and @entity15703 genes. Independent confirmation of these results is needed, as limitations of this study include the heterogeneous etiology of recurrent miscarriage, limited sample size, partial availability of reproductive history of the control group and investigation of only a subset of the genetic variation within each gene.

title: Genetic variation within the XXXX in @entity1 with recurrent miscarriage.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis', 'HPO axis']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4738 :: ('2908', 'Gene') :: ['glucocorticoid receptor', 'GCCR']

entities_list: @entity12595 :: ('5618', 'Gene') :: ['PRLR', 'prolactin receptor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis']


abstract: The effects of @entity440 , three of its in vivo metabolites and @entity28002 on cellular proliferation and the induction of four @entity2931 -regulated RNAs (pNR-1, @entity3559 , pNR-25 and @entity10815 ) have been measured in MCF-7 @entity0 cells in @entity3971 red-free culture medium. @entity440 and @entity28002 acted as partial oestrogens to stimulate cell growth and the levels of the @entity3559 and pNR-25 RNAs. They were full oestrogens for the induction of @entity10815 RNA and induced the pNR-1 RNA above the level found in @entity2931 -treated cells. @entity28003 and @entity25608 behaved like @entity440 except that @entity28003 did not induce the @entity3559 RNA and was only a partial @entity2931 for the induction of @entity10815 RNA, and @entity25608 did not induce the @entity3559 or pNR-25 RNAs. In the presence of @entity53 , the four anti-oestrogens prevented the stimulation of growth and reduced ( @entity3559 and pNR-25) or increased (pNR-1) the RNA levels to those present in MCF-7 cells treated with the anti- @entity2931 alone. In contrast, for @entity10815 RNA levels there was a synergistic effect of the anti- @entity2931 and @entity53 . The concentration at which each anti- @entity2931 was effective was related to its affinity for the @entity2931 receptor. Metabolite E was a full @entity2931 for the induction of cell proliferation and the @entity2931 -regulated RNAs. pNR-25 and @entity3559 RNA levels correlated most closely with effects on cell proliferation. These RNAs are therefore potentially the most useful for predicting the response of @entity0 @entity1 to @entity440 therapy.

title: Oestrogenic activity of @entity440 and its metabolites on gene regulation and cell proliferation in MCF-7 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity28002 :: ('MESH:C038345', 'Chemical') :: ['3-hydroxytamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen', 'oestrogens']

entities_list: @entity25608 :: ('MESH:C016601', 'Chemical') :: ['4-hydroxytamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity28003 :: ('MESH:C028787', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Desmethyltamoxifen', 'N-desmethyltamoxifen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with @entity2963 associated with @entity340 were studied to assess the need and the optimal time for cholecystectomy. Twelve @entity1 (11 symptomatic and 1 asymptomatic @entity1 ) underwent cholecystectomy. The remaining @entity1 were asymptomatic. The levels of the total @entity648 in 9 @entity1 , and of LDH in 15, were higher than normal. In most of the patients, the serum transaminase levels were higher than normal, but in few cases, the levels were higher than 200 IU/l. These abnormal values, however, were not consistently observed in these @entity1 . No clear association between the type and form of @entity340 was demonstrated. The type of prostheses used for valve replacement in these @entity1 were ball, tilting disc and leaflet. No significant differences in efficacy were observed among different types of prostheses. The incidence of silent stones is high in @entity1 with @entity340 and heart surgery often causes deterioration in @entity1 with @entity2963 . The recovery of the @entity1 who underwent cholecystectomy before valve replacement were better than those who underwent cholecystectomy after heart surgery. In conclusion, therefore, @entity1 showing any abnormal results in liver function tests should be assessed in detail by abdominal echography and should receive surgical treatment of biliary tract before heart surgery if necessary.

title: Indications and timing of surgery for XXXX associated with @entity340 .

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['cholelithiasis']


abstract: There is widespread concern about impacts of land-use change on connectivity among animal and plant populations, but those impacts are difficult to quantify. Moreover, lack of knowledge regarding ecosystems before fragmentation may obscure appropriate conservation targets. We use occurrence and population genetic data to contrast connectivity for a long-lived mega-herbivore over historical and contemporary time frames. We test whether (i) historical gene flow is predicted by persistent landscape features rather than @entity1 settlement, (ii) contemporary connectivity is most affected by @entity1 settlement and (iii) recent gene flow estimates show the effects of both factors. We used 16 microsatellite loci to estimate historical and recent gene flow among African @entity7105 ( @entity16870 ) populations in seven protected areas in Tanzania, East Africa. We used historical gene flow (FST and G'ST ) to test and optimize models of historical landscape resistance to movement. We inferred contemporary landscape resistance from @entity7105 resource selection, assessed via walking surveys across ~15  400  km(2) of protected and unprotected lands. We used assignment-based recent gene flow estimates to optimize and test the contemporary resistance model, and to test a combined historical and contemporary model. We detected striking changes in connectivity. Historical connectivity among @entity7105 populations was strongly influenced by slope but not @entity1 settlement, whereas contemporary connectivity was influenced most by @entity1 settlement. Recent gene flow was strongly influenced by slope but was also correlated with contemporary resistance. Inferences across multiple timescales can better inform conservation efforts on large and complex landscapes, while mitigating the fundamental problem of shifting baselines in conservation.

title: Quantifying past and present connectivity illuminates a rapidly changing landscape for the African XXXX .

entities_list: @entity16870 :: ('9785', 'Species') :: ['Loxodonta africana']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), a synthetic @entity172 , is famous for its carcinogenic effects. @entity1 exposure to this compound can occur frequently through dietary ingestion and medical treatment. Glucuronidation has been demonstrated to be a predominant metabolic pathway for @entity4743 in @entity1 . Therefore, glucuronidation metabolism may have a significant impact on its @entity137 , and it is essential to clarify this metabolic pathway. Accordingly, this in vitro study is designed to characterize the UGTs involved in @entity4743 glucuronidation and, furthermore, to identify the roles of individual isoforms in the reaction in liver and intestine. @entity1 liver microsomes (HLM) displayed much higher potential for @entity4743 glucuronidation than @entity1 intestinal microsomes (HIM). The intrinsic clearances in HLM and HIM were demonstrated to be 459 and 14  L/min/mg protein, respectively. Assays with recombinant UGTs demonstrated that @entity6912 , -1A3, -1A8, and -2B7 could catalyze @entity4743 glucuronidation, among which @entity22642 showed the highest affinity. Chemical inhibitors of @entity22642 and @entity6912 /1A3 both displayed similar inhibition against the reaction in @entity22642 and HLM. In addition, @entity4743 glucuronidation in individual HLM exhibited a large individual variability and strongly correlated to @entity22642 activity. All evidence indicates that @entity22642 may act as a major enzyme responsible for @entity4743 glucuronidation in @entity1 liver. For HIM, both @entity22642 inhibitor and @entity6912 /1A3/1A8 inhibitor exerted moderate inhibition. It is suggested that although @entity22642 contributes to @entity4743 glucuronidation in intestine, other UGTs may contribute equally. In summary, this study characterizes @entity1 UGTs involved in @entity4743 glucuronidation in @entity1 liver and intestine, which may be helpful for further study about @entity4743 -related @entity137 .

title: Characterization of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases involved in glucuronidation of @entity4742 in XXXX liver and intestine.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['Diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity295 , extracellular @entity855 , secreted by activated platelets and leukocytes, may contribute to the crosstalk between hemostasis and @entity32 . Previously, we showed that, in addition to their role in platelet activation, @entity855 -gated @entity23463 ion channels are involved in promoting neutrophil chemotaxis. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the contribution of @entity23463 ion channels to @entity295 and the associated disturbance of hemostasis. METHODS: We used @entity23463 (-/-) @entity19 in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced @entity295 . Hemostasis and @entity32 parameters were analyzed together with outcome. Mechanisms were further studied ex vivo with @entity19 and @entity1 blood or isolated neutrophils and monocytes. RESULTS: @entity23463 (-/-) @entity19 were more susceptible to LPS-induced @entity1457 than wild-type @entity19 , despite normal cytokine production. Plasma levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes were higher, @entity882 was worsened, and whole blood coagulation time was markedly reduced, pointing to aggravated hemostasis disturbance in the absence of @entity23463 . However, whole blood @entity1423 occurred normally, and @entity23463 (-/-) macrophages displayed normal levels of total tissue factor activity. We found that @entity23463 (-/-) neutrophils produced higher amounts of reactive @entity26 species. Increased amounts of myeloperoxidase were released in the blood of LPS-treated @entity23463 (-/-) @entity19 , and circulating neutrophils and monocytes expressed higher levels of @entity3804 . Neutrophil accumulation in the lungs was also significantly augmented, as was lipid peroxidation in the liver. Desensitization of @entity23463 ion channels led to increased activation of @entity1 neutrophils and enhanced formation of platelet-leukocyte aggregates. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23463 ion channels play a protective role in @entity5694 by negatively regulating systemic neutrophil activation, thereby limiting the oxidative response, coagulation, and organ damage.

title: XXXX -gated P2X1 ion channels protect against @entity5694 by dampening neutrophil activation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reduced @entity1162 shortening despite enhanced global function has been reported in @entity472 . We sought to improve the understanding of this phenomenon using multi-dimensional strain analysis in conjunction with the evaluation of left @entity717 and twist - ventricular torsion - using tissue Doppler techniques. METHODS: A total of 57 @entity1 with variable severity of @entity472 , @entity337 , or mixed @entity886 , subdivided into six groups, were studied. Ventricular morphology was assessed using @entity1162 /short-axis and mass/volume ratios, afterload using end-systolic meridional wall stress, and global performance using ejection fraction. The circumferential and @entity6475 was measured from two-dimensional images, and left @entity717 and twist were estimated as the difference in rotation between the base and apex of the ventricle. RESULTS: @entity472 was associated with higher mass/volume, ejection fraction, circumferential strain and left @entity717 and twist, significantly lower end-systolic wall stress, and a trend towards lower @entity6475 compared with normal. Myocardial mechanics in @entity337 were normal despite ventricular dilation. Mixed @entity886 showed findings similar to @entity472 . @entity1002 and twist correlated with midwall circumferential strain (r = 0.62 and p < 0.0001), endocardial circumferential strain (r = 0.61 and p < 0.0001), and end-systolic wall stress (r = 0.48 and p < 0.0001), but not with @entity6475 (r = 0.18 and p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Myocardial mechanics are normal in @entity1 with @entity337 , @entity854 in cardiac geometry. Conversely, in @entity472 and mixed @entity886 , significant alterations in the patterns of fibre shortening are found. The effects of @entity850 on cardiac function seem to dominate the effect of ventricular remodelling.

title: Ventricular mechanics in XXXX with @entity886 : longitudinal, radial, and circumferential components.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular rotation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal strain']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['independent of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular rotation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The effects of @entity2165 (100 mg/day) and @entity594 (20 mg 3 times daily) and their combination on ambulant @entity741 were investigated using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Eighteen @entity1 with symptomatic @entity453 , exercise-induced @entity63 and minimal symptoms, underwent 4 blinded treatment periods of 2 weeks' duration (2 placebo, 1 @entity2165 , 1 @entity594 ). Those that did not have @entity63 eliminated by monotherapy received combination therapy with both drugs. Forty-eight-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring was used to quantitate @entity63 parameters at the end of each period. Both @entity594 and @entity2165 as monotherapy reduced the number of @entity63 episodes and the average duration of each episode compared with placebo (p less than 0.05). Compared with placebo, @entity594 reduced the total duration of @entity63 (p less than 0.05) but the effect of @entity2165 on @entity63 duration was of borderline significance (p = 0.066). There were no differences in reduction of @entity63 parameters when @entity2165 was compared with @entity594 (difference not significant). In the 9 @entity1 who continued to have @entity63 with monotherapy, combination therapy eliminated it in 2 and reduced the duration by greater than 50% in the remaining @entity1 compared with placebo. In conclusion, monotherapy with @entity594 or @entity2165 is similarly effective in eliminating or reducing ambulant @entity63 . Combination therapy can provide additional benefit in those with continued @entity63 .

title: Effects of @entity2165 alone, @entity594 alone and their combination on ambulant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity158 is influenced by weather changes under certain circumstances, and @entity158 in animal models is ameliorated by pressure, but the underlying mechanism of atmospheric pressure has not been clearly elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of pressure on @entity158 in an arthritic animal model. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled animal study. SETTING: Laboratory animal study. METHODS: Following an injection of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) into one side of a knee joint, 32 @entity35 were assigned randomly to 2 groups and either placed under 1 or 2.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) in a hyperbaric chamber for 5 hours. The @entity158 levels were assessed daily for up to 2 weeks post-injection to determine the changes in weight bearing (WB) of the affected limbs. In addition, the levels of gelatinase, @entity1476 , and @entity1495 expression in the synovial fluids of the knees were analyzed. RESULTS: After @entity625 induction, the @entity35 in the 1 ATA group showed reduced WB of the affected limbs (< 10% of normal limbs). This reduction in WB peaked at 2 days after the injection and then decreased spontaneously. Nevertheless, the @entity158 behavior lasted for more than 2 weeks. In the 2.5 ATA group, the WB was significantly better during the experiment.   The @entity1495 / @entity1476 ratio increased at 7 and 14 days after the @entity3795 injection in the 1 ATA group. However, repetitive exposure to 2.5 ATA significantly reduced this ratio in the 2.5 ATA group. LIMITATIONS: Although a sufficient number of samples were used to support the hypothesis that high atmospheric pressure improves a @entity158 in this study, an additional larger-scale study will be needed to confirm these findings. CONCLUSION: Exposure to elevated pressures appears to relieve @entity158 for extended periods by reducing the inflammatory process and should be considered as a possible alternative @entity158 -reducing therapy.

title: The effects of pressure on arthritic knees in a @entity35 model of XXXX -induced @entity625 .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful condition', 'inflammatory pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'arthritic pain']

answer: @entity3795 :: (31658,Species) :: ['CFA']


abstract: PURPOSE: Spirituality and religiousness have been shown to be highly prevalent in @entity1 with @entity161 . Religion can help instil a positive sense of self, decrease the impact of symptoms and provide social contacts. Religion may also be a source of suffering. In this context, this research explores whether religion remains stable over time. METHODS: From an initial cohort of 115 out- @entity1 , 80% completed the 3-years follow-up assessment. In order to study the evolution over time, a hierarchical cluster analysis using average linkage was performed on factorial scores at baseline and follow-up and their differences. A sensitivity analysis was secondarily performed to check if the outcome was influenced by other factors such as changes in mental states using mixed models. RESULTS: Religion was stable over time for 63% @entity1 ; positive changes occurred for 20% (i.e., significant increase of religion as a resource or a transformation of negative religion to a positive one) and negative changes for 17% (i.e., decrease of religion as a resource or a transformation of positive religion to a negative one). Change in spirituality and/or religiousness was not associated with social or clinical status, but with reduced subjective quality of life and self-esteem; even after controlling for the influence of age, gender, quality of life and clinical factors at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: In this context of @entity1 with chronic @entity161 , religion appeared to be labile. Qualitative analyses showed that those changes expressed the struggles of @entity1 and suggest that religious issues need to be discussed in clinical settings.

title: Evolution of spirituality and religiousness in chronic XXXX or schizo-affective disorders: a 3-years follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The acute @entity137 of an accelerated radiotherapy scheme was compared with a conventional schedule. Eighteen @entity1 with @entity957 of the larynx were treated with accelerated fractionation radiotherapy. An average reduction of overall treatment time of 11 days was accomplished by giving 2 fractions a day during the last part of the treatment. Total dose and fraction dose were left unchanged. Acute reactions of skin and mucosa in these @entity1 were compared with those in 40 @entity1 treated with a conventional fractionation scheme, that is, 2 Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week, to a total dose of 64-70 Gy. Acute reactions were maximal between 5 and 7 weeks after the start of treatment. Complete healing occurred within 3 months in all @entity1 . Mucosal reactions and, as a consequence, @entity1282 were clearly increased in those @entity1 treated with accelerated fractionation. For confluent mucositis an ED50 of 66 Gy was calculated compared to 69 Gy for conventional fractionation. To a lesser degree, @entity137 was also enhanced in the @entity1 treated with the accelerated schedule. Severe @entity4 of the laryngeal mucosa occurred only in @entity1 treated to a total dose of 68 or 70 Gy and was somewhat more frequent with accelerated fractionation (4/10) than with conventional fractionation (4/24). One @entity1 in the accelerated fractionation group underwent laryngectomy for persistent @entity4 and @entity39 . No severe late skin reactions were observed. It can be concluded that the fractionation schedule tested in this study is feasible. Further shortening of overall treatment time without reduction of total dose will likely lead to unacceptable acute and, possibly, also late @entity137 .

title: Accelerated fractionation radiotherapy for laryngeal cancer, acute, and late XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injury to a segmental or sectoral bile duct is a rare event in laparoscopic cholecystectomy; its diagnosis and management may be difficult. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between April 1998 and December 2006, 73 @entity1 referred to the author's tertiary center for management of postcholecystectomy biliary complications were studied. The @entity1 with segmental/sectoral @entity1157 were divided into two groups: injury to a duct which drains at least one @entity130 to a minor biliary radical in the gallbladder fossa (type 2). Beside the management of concomitant vascular or other @entity130 , type 1 segmental/sectoral duct injury was repaired by biliary-enteric @entity254 and type 2 by oversewing. RESULTS: Ten out of 73 referred @entity1 had segmental/sectoral duct injuries (eight type 1, two type 2). Despite multiple radiological imaging and endoscopic procedures, in seven @entity1 , the lesion was identified only by precise surgical dissection. The median length of hospital treatment was 26 (range 9-47) days. One @entity1 died due to sepsis before any definitive treatment. During the mean follow-up of 43 (range 27-111) months, seven @entity1 remained asymptomatic while two @entity1 developed biliary anastomotic strictures requiring intervention. CONCLUSION: Segmental/sectoral duct injury is difficult to be assessed by conventional radiological diagnostics and should be taken into consideration in every case of @entity1157 . Surgical treatment, adapted to the type of lesion, generally results in a favorable outcome.

title: Surgical management of segmental and sectoral XXXX after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a challenging situation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile leakage', 'bile duct injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Couinaud segment (type 1) or injury', 'biliary injury']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

answer: @entity1157 :: (MESH:D001649,Disease) :: ['bile duct injury']


abstract: Of nine species of unicellular algae tested, @entity14398 showed the highest inducibility for an active @entity12015 transport system. Whereas the rate of uptake in all other species was increased by induction less than 5-fold, it was increased more than 400-fold in one strain of @entity36020 . With @entity413 as inducer, the minimum time necessary to synthesize inducible proteins of the transport system was 15 minutes. The Km for induction with @entity413 is 5 mum and with @entity36021 1 mm. The inducing @entity3363 have to penetrate the cells to be effective.Evidence indicating that regulation of induction occurs at the transcriptional level was obtained. The induction was inhibited by @entity36022 . When cells were exposed to induce in the presence of @entity1880 no increase in transport activity could be measured. After removal of @entity1880 as well as the inducer, an increased uptake activity was observed after 30 to 60 minutes. The induced uptake system showed a turnover with a half-life of 4 to 6 hours at 26 C under nongrowing conditions; at 0 C turnover was negligible. Turnover was partly inhibited by anaerobic condition and by @entity1880 ; it was accelerated under growing conditions.

title: Regulation of XXXX Transport in @entity14398 : Characteristics of Induction and Turnover.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['actidione']

entities_list: @entity36021 :: ('MESH:C037904', 'Chemical') :: ['6-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity36022 :: ('MESH:C016588', 'Chemical') :: ['6-methylpurine']

entities_list: @entity14398 :: ('3077', 'Species') :: ['Chlorella vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity12015 :: (CHEBI:18133,Chemical) :: ['Hexose']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: An abrasion on the humeral head under the articulating portion of the biceps tendon has been observed in @entity1 with @entity158 and stiffness after superior labrum anterior posterior (SLAP) repair. This study examined this @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and its association with various diagnoses involving pathology of the biceps-labral complex. We hypothesized that it would be more common in failed SLAP repairs than other diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of 253 @entity1 who underwent shoulder arthroscopy by a single surgeon during a 5-year period. Postoperative diagnoses were used to confirm one of the following diagnoses: failed SLAP repair, biceps @entity924 , @entity75 with biceps @entity924 , and isolated @entity75 . Operative reports and surgical images were analyzed to identify the presence or absence of @entity135 . Demographic data, including age, sex, handedness, and onset of injury, were also collected. The frequency of this lesion among the different diagnoses and @entity1 characteristics was compared by      analysis. RESULTS: @entity135 was observed in 13 of 18 @entity1 (72.2%) with failed SLAP repairs, in 8 of 18 (44.4%) with biceps @entity924 , in 11 of 20 (55%) with @entity75 and biceps @entity924 , and in 1 of 71 (1.4%) with isolated SLAP lesions, significantly differing in frequency by diagnosis (P < .001). @entity1 with @entity135 were an older median age than those without (48 vs 40; P = .004). DISCUSSION: @entity135 is common in @entity1 with a pathologic biceps-labral complex, especially those with failed SLAP repair. We speculate that this lesion is due to @entity32 resulting in increased biceps-humeral head contact pressure.

title: XXXX : an association with failed superior labrum anterior posterior repairs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['HHA', 'humeral head abrasion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation of the biceps tendon']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['SLAP lesion']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendonitis']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['Humeral head abrasion']


abstract: @entity3265 has been determined in filtrates of @entity1 plasma after precipitation of the proteins by @entity9901 . After restoration of the pH to around 7.5, addition of @entity15706 , @entity2125 and @entity2227 dehydrogenase (GDH) convers the @entity3265 to @entity8854 with oxidation of the @entity2125 to @entity2125 . This latter reaction was utilised in two ways. In the first, reduction of native @entity2125 fluorescence under the conditions of the GDH reaction provided a measure of @entity3265 concentration. In the second, residual @entity2125 was destroyed by acid treatment, and the fluorescent product generated from @entity2125 under strongly alkaline conditions was assayed. The optimal requirements for both methods were defined, their linearity and precision ascertained, and their relative merits compared. The first method was convenient for "one-off" estimations, and the second for larger batches. @entity3265 concentration increased in plasma and in acid protein-free filtrates of plasma irrespective of the conditions of storage; however when the latter were neutralised, storage at -20 degrees C was effective. The distribution of plasma @entity3265 concentration in healthy subjects was log-normal. The range for males was 21-58 mumol/1 and for females 17-51 mumol/1; this difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01).

title: The fluorimetric determination of XXXX in protein-free filtrates of @entity1 blood plasma.

entities_list: @entity8854 :: ('CHEBI:29985', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3265 :: ('MESH:D000641', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonia', 'Ammonia']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity9901 :: ('MESH:D010472', 'Chemical') :: ['perchloric acid']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']