abstract: The aim of the study was to further explore the prejunctional beta-adrenoceptor-mediated control mechanism of @entity1063 release from sympathetic nerves in response to preganglionic nerve stimulation (PNS) and local nerve stimulation of the portal vein, respectively, in the pithed @entity35 . Baseline values as well as the increments of mean arterial blood pressure (delta-BP), heart rate (delta-HR) and plasma @entity1063 levels (delta-NA) in response to four PNS episodes (0.8 Hz, 3 ms, 75 V for 45 s at 20 min intervals), respectively, were evaluated. @entity7284 administration (0.25 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced significantly the basal blood pressure but did not alter delta-BP in response to PNS. Basal heart rate markedly increased after @entity7284 without any further change in heart rate induced by PNS. The beta 1-selective antagonist @entity14528 attenuated delta-BP in response to PNS and prevented the @entity7284 -induced increase in basal heart rate. The beta 2-selective antagonist @entity10342 per se did not change the blood pressure and heart rate values, but antagonized the @entity7284 -induced decrease in basal blood pressure. @entity7284 enhanced plasma delta-NA in response to PNS by 105% in comparison to the corresponding control value. This effect of @entity7284 could be blocked by pretreatment with @entity10342 but not with @entity14528 (a selective @entity10343 antagonist) which per se did not significantly change plasma delta-NA. Repeated local stimulation of the portal vein (S1-S3, 2 Hz, 3 ms, 10 mA, for 120 s at 30 min intervals) increased portal plasma @entity1063 without changing mean blood pressure and heart rate in pithed @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pre- and postganglionic stimulation-induced @entity1063 overflow is markedly facilitated by a prejunctional beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated control mechanism in the pithed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['Fenoterol', 'fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2289 is the primary regulator of urokinase plasminogen activator and tissue plasminogen activator. @entity2289 is essential in the control of the @entity715 /fibrinolytic balance and is a marker of endothelial cell injury. @entity1000 is reportedly associated with endothelial cell dysfunction. Whether endothelial cell damage plays a role in @entity1 with @entity384 after cardiac transplantation remains unknown. METHODS: In this study explanted hearts of cardiac transplant recipients with @entity296 and @entity384 , as well as control myocardial tissue, were investigated for expression of @entity2289 . Furthermore, @entity2289 expression was examined in endomyocardial biopsy specimens and sera of @entity1 with @entity296 and those with @entity384 during the first posttransplantation year. The effect of the patient's serum on endothelial cells was assessed in vitro to examine the role of circulating endothelial cell damage-related factors. RESULTS: @entity2289 expression was upregulated in @entity296 and @entity384 myocardial tissue versus that seen in control tissue. After transplantation, @entity2289 expression returned to control levels in @entity1 with @entity296 . In @entity1 with @entity384 , @entity2289 expression increased at 24 weeks after transplantation in both biopsy specimens and sera versus that seen in control tissue. Sera of @entity1 with @entity384 , but not that of @entity1 with @entity296 , inhibited @entity7 -induced proliferation of endothelial cells, although downstream target gene activation of early growth response factor 1 and NGFI-A binding protein 2 was not affected. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest for the first time that the endothelial cell damage-related process recurs in @entity1 with @entity384 after transplantation, which, independently of @entity7 , is associated with increased @entity2289 expression, and that this pathology might play a role in allograft remodeling in @entity1 with @entity384 .

title: Persistent XXXX gene expression in cardiac transplant recipients with @entity1000 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1', 'urokinase plasminogen activator, tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'vascular endothelial growth factor A']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor 1']


abstract: Embryos produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) or in vitro production (IVP) are often associated with increased @entity5852 thought to arise from disruptions in normal gene expression. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family has a major influence on embryonic, fetal and placental development; differences in IGF expression in NT- and IVP-derived embryos may account for embryonic losses during placental attachment. In the present study, expression of @entity4208 , @entity12304 , @entity12305 ( @entity12305 ), and IGF-IIR mRNAs was quantitated in Day 7 and 25 @entity291 embryos produced in vivo, by NT, IVP, or parthenogenesis, to further understand divergent changes occurring during development. Expression of the @entity4208 gene was not detected in Day 7 blastocysts for any treatment. However, there were no differences (P>0.10) among Day 7 treatments in the amounts of @entity12305 , @entity12304 , and IGF-IIR mRNA. For Day 25 conceptuses, there was higher expression of @entity4208 mRNA for NT and IVP embryonic tissues than for in vivo embryonic tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, embryonic tissues from NT-derived embryos had higher expression of @entity12304 mRNA than IVP embryonic tissues (P<0.05). Placental expression of IGF-IIR mRNA was greater for NT-derived than in vivo-derived embryos (P<0.05). There were no differences in @entity12305 mRNA across all treatments and tissues (P>0.10). In conclusion, these differences in growth factor gene expression during early placental attachment and rapid embryonic growth may directly or indirectly contribute to increased @entity2524 in IVP- and NT-derived embryos.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family genes are aberrantly expressed in XXXX conceptuses produced in vitro or by nuclear transfer.

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortion and abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['losses and abnormalities']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The role that mechanistic mathematical modeling and systems biology will play in molecular medicine and clinical development remains uncertain. In this study, mathematical modeling and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the working hypothesis that mechanistic models of @entity1 cascades, despite model uncertainty, can be computationally screened for points of @entity2100 , and that these sensitive mechanisms could serve as therapeutic targets. We tested our working hypothesis by screening a model of the well-studied coagulation cascade, developed and validated from literature. The predicted sensitive mechanisms were then compared with the treatment literature. The model, composed of 92 proteins and 148 protein-protein interactions, was validated using 21 published datasets generated from two different quiescent in @entity3459 models. Simulated platelet activation and @entity556 generation profiles in the presence and absence of natural anticoagulants were consistent with measured values, with a mean correlation of 0.87 across all trials. Overall state sensitivity coefficients, which measure the robustness or @entity2100 of a given mechanism, were calculated using a Monte Carlo strategy. In the absence of anticoagulants, fluid and surface phase factor X/activated factor X (fX/ @entity6236 ) activity and @entity556 -mediated platelet activation were found to be fragile, while @entity4682 /FIXa and @entity2801 /FVIIIa activation and activity were robust. Both anti-fX/ @entity6236 and direct @entity556 inhibitors are important classes of anticoagulants; for example, anti-fX/ @entity6236 inhibitors have FDA approval for the prevention of @entity1211 following surgical intervention and as an initial treatment for @entity1150 and @entity1151 . Both in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence is reviewed supporting the prediction that @entity4682 /FIXa activity is robust. When taken together, these results support our working hypothesis that computationally derived points of @entity2100 of @entity1 relevant cascades could be used as a rational basis for target selection despite model uncertainty.

title: Computationally derived points of XXXX of a @entity1 cascade are consistent with current therapeutic strategies.

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['vitro coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragility']


abstract: This comparison of tube feeding with oral nutrition was made in @entity1 with advanced @entity135 during intensive outpatient radiation therapy. Twenty-six @entity1 with Stage III and @entity135 were stratified by site (nasopharynx vs. all other @entity5 , including recurrent nasopharynx) and randomized to receive oral or tube feeding during radiation therapy. All @entity1 were counseled to have an intake of 40 kcal/kg and 1 gm protein per kilogram body weight. Body weights and dietary recalls were obtained weekly, along with evaluation of @entity137 to therapy. Serum albumins were obtained at baseline, week 4, end of radiation therapy, and 1 month after radiation therapy. @entity1 with @entity189 presented with significantly less body @entity353 (means = -2.6%) than @entity1 with all other @entity189 (means = -9.8%; p = .008). No differences in toxic responses were observed despite larger radiation field size in the tube-fed group (p = .02). Serum albumins in both groups dropped during radiation therapy, with no difference between groups. The tube-fed group maintained higher caloric and protein intakes (35 to 42 kcal/kg, 1.2 to 1.6 gm protein per kilogram) than the oral-fed group (15 to 34 kcal/kg, 0.3 to 1.3 gm protein per kilogram). No differences in body weights were observed between the tube-fed (means = 3.8%) and the oral-fed (means = 3.3%) @entity1 with @entity189 . @entity1 with oropharyngeal and recurrent @entity189 had significantly less @entity353 with tube feeding (means = 0.2%) than with oral feeding (means = -7.3%; p = .005); thus, tube feeding is recommended during radiation therapy in such @entity1 .

title: Enteral nutrition support in XXXX : tube vs. oral feeding during radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'IV head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Since 1975, clinical studies have been carried out to determine whether radiation when combined with localized @entity221 evokes improved @entity5 control compared to that achieved with radiation alone. Local @entity5 @entity221 was achieved using radiofrequency inductive heating at 27.12 MHz. In bulky lesions (greater than 100 cm3), radiofrequency conductive heating at 13.56 MHz was also used. More than 100 lesions in 38 @entity1 were treated with radiation alone and @entity221 in combination with radiation. Most lesions were treated either twice a week or once a week, depending on radiation dose fractionation scheme used. The overall result of @entity5 control rate of the combined therapy is superior to radiation therapy alone (75% versus 46%; P less than 0.01). No enhanced normal tissue morbidity was seen following the combined therapy. The detailed analysis of the treatment results shows that the @entity5 control rate is dependent on dose per fraction, the total dose, and the initial @entity5 volume. The radiation alone, at high doses per fraction, was effective in controlling 80% of the lesions, if the @entity5 volume was less than 10 cm3, compared to 30% when the @entity5 volumes were larger. The combination therapy, on the other hand, effected 80% local @entity5 control regardless of the @entity5 volume. The importance of good thermal distribution within the @entity5 volume, selective heating of the @entity5 tissues and the sequence and time interval between the combined therapy is discussed.

title: Combination XXXX and radiation therapy for malignant melanoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: To define practical use and to specify the ideal method for monitoring the liver @entity137 of @entity1500 in the management of @entity1569 . OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature regarding treatment modalities with @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity1569 , risk of @entity1500 -mediated liver @entity82 and monitoring of hepatic @entity137 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases from 1980 to 2010 searching for randomized controlled trials and observational studies on methods of administering @entity1500 in @entity1569 and risk factors and assessment of liver @entity137 . We limited the literature search to articles on @entity1 subjects over 19 years of age, articles in English or French on @entity1569 and articles including @entity5144 and original data. RESULTS: Among 949 references identified, 23 published studies were included. There were no studies focusing directly on the question of @entity1500 treatment modalities. Treatment outcome appears to be dose dependent. A single study in @entity309 showed the slightly superior efficacy of subcutaneous administration vs. oral dosing with a similar safety profile. Combination with @entity1501 may decrease the efficacy of @entity1500 while improving tolerability. The extreme variability of the incidence of @entity1575 in the literature does not allow the risk of @entity1575 to be quantified. @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 , were associated with a significant increased risk of liver @entity82 . @entity1956 and C and @entity167 consumption were associated with a modest and non-significant increased risk of liver @entity82 . Procollagen III for detection of @entity1575 dosing was the most extensively validated method to monitor liver @entity82 showing a sensitivity of 77.3% and a specificity of 91.5%. The Positive Predictive Value and Negative Predictive Value fluctuated depending on the prevalence of @entity1575 . The sensitivities of the FibroTest and the fibroscan were of 83 and 50%, respectively, with specific features amounting to 61 and 88% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Based on expert experience, the starting dose of @entity1500 is between 5 and 10 mg/week for the first week. Fast dose escalation is recommended in order to obtain a therapeutic target dose of 15-25 mg/week. The maximum recommended dose is 25 mg/week. A @entity1501 supplement is necessary. The initiation of treatment by oral administration is preferred. In cases where inadequate response is obtained or in the event of poor gastrointestinal tolerance, subcutaneous dosing can be proposed at the same dose. Published data do not confirm the incidence of @entity1575 . @entity164 2 @entity6 and @entity28 appear to be significant risk factors in @entity82 . A combination of FibroTests and fibroscans together with measurement of the type III serum procollagen aminopeptide seem to be ideal method for monitoring liver @entity137 .

title: @entity1499 in @entity1569 : a systematic review of treatment modalities, incidence, risk factors and monitoring of liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Establish the risk factors for @entity281 following @entity542 ( @entity542 ). METHODS: Between 1975 and 1990, 500 cases of @entity542 were admitted, with only 272 responding to inclusion criteria. After initial evaluation including CT scan for 177 @entity1 , all underwent craniectomy with debridement and duroplasty. A retrospective study was undertaken in order to identify the risk factors that increase the @entity281 rate. RESULTS: The global @entity281 rate was 11.39%. Among the studied factors, those increasing the @entity281 rate were: coma on admission (17.6% vs 7.6%), penetrating wounds (12.93% vs 7% for tangential wounds), intracerebral trajectory length over 6 cm (18.42% vs 6.32%), air sinuses effraction (25.8% vs 9.54%), a surgical delay over 72 hours (41.6% vs 10.6%), inadequate duroplasty (28% vs 7.33%), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae (58.62% vs 5.76%). The presence of postoperative bone fragments did not increase the @entity281 rate (11.4% vs 11.2%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Adequate duroplasty and aggressive treatment of CSF fistulae decrease the @entity281 rate. There is no need to reoperate on residual bone fragments after adequate debridment. A delay of 24 to 48 hours should be considered, to facilitate the procedure without increasing the @entity281 risk.

title: [Infections after missile XXXX . Experience during the Lebanese civilian war].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['MHI', 'missile head injuries']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare @entity1 with @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and normal controls with respect to the expression of the @entity4738 , @entity18159 , @entity15955 , @entity1639 , NFKB and @entity18160 genes in orbital fat (OF) and extraocular muscle (EOM). DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study design was used to evaluate 34 @entity2194 @entity1 and 38 healthy controls. OF was harvested from 33 @entity2194 @entity1 and 27 controls. EOM biopsies were obtained from 32 @entity2194 @entity1 and 18 controls. Samples were examined by real-time PCR and evaluated using appropriate statistical analyses with a significance cut-off of P   <   0.05. RESULTS: @entity4738 mRNA levels were higher in @entity2194 EOM (median 213 (96-376)) than those in control EOM (78 (34-138)) (P   <   0.001), and NFKB expression was elevated in @entity2194 muscle (223 (31-520)) relative to that in control muscle (8 (6-31)) (P   <   0.001). @entity18160 expression was higher in @entity2194 EOM (0.78 (0.47-2.01)) than that in control EOM (0.22 (0.09-0.51)) (P   <   0.001). Levels of @entity18159 , @entity15955 , and @entity1639 were higher in @entity2194 EOM (115 (20-223), 111 (54-299) and 0.11 (0.03-0.19), respectively) than those in control EOM (5.8 (2-13), 21 (5-52) and 0.05 (0.001-0.03) respectively) (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: Tissues involved in GO exhibited different mRNA levels of @entity4738 , @entity18159 , @entity15955 , @entity1639 , NFKB and @entity18160 . Gene expression in OF was similar for @entity2194 @entity1 and controls. @entity18159 , @entity15955 , @entity1639 , NFKB, and @entity18160 mRNA levels were higher in @entity2194 EOM than those in control EOM. NFKB was disproportionally elevated compared with @entity4738 ; this finding was indicative of a local proinflammatory profile.

title: Distinct inflammatory gene expression in extraocular muscle and fat from XXXX with Graves' orbitopathy.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid eye disease', 'TED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postpartum @entity716 is a life-threatening @entity146 , which often occurs without significant premorbid symptoms. Although many studies have postulated an involvement of the immune and endocrine systems in the onset of postpartum @entity716 , the specific aetiological factors have remained unknown. AIMS: To examine the hypothesis that @entity792 may be associated with the onset of postpartum @entity716 . METHOD: Thirty-one consecutive primiparous @entity1 with no prior @entity146 history were referred to our in- @entity1 unit for postpartum @entity716 . The control group (n = 117) comprised primiparous @entity1 with consecutive deliveries at a community practice. Blood samples were obtained from all @entity1 at 4 weeks and 9 months postpartum. @entity5787 antibody levels were quantified as immunological measures of @entity1669 ( @entity1669 ). Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free @entity1955 levels were measured to assess clinical @entity1374 . RESULTS: At 4 weeks postpartum and prior to the initiation of mood stabiliser therapy, 19% of @entity1 with postpartum @entity716 had @entity1669 compared with only 5% in the control group. @entity1 with both postpartum @entity716 and @entity1669 had a dramatically higher risk of progression to clinical @entity1374 (67%) than control @entity1 with @entity1669 (20%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with postpartum @entity716 are at higher risk not only of @entity1669 but also of clinical thyroid failure. These data implicate thyroid function as an important clinical outcome in @entity1 with postpartum @entity716 . Further, @entity1669 represents a potentially strong aetiological factor for the development of postpartum @entity716 . Therefore, screening for @entity5787 antibodies is warranted in @entity1 with postpartum @entity716 .

title: Prevalence of @entity792 in postpartum XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['thyroperoxidase', 'Thyroperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric emergency', 'psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease', 'AITD']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: Detection of @entity1486 as a screening strategy for @entity263 is limited by the inability of the @entity1486 test to differentiate between malignant @entity5 and @entity1373 . Here, we report the use of a @entity5 -specific promoter, inhibition of differentiation-1 ( @entity13863 ), to drive a dual-reporter system ( @entity11650 /3- @entity13863 -SEAP- @entity13863 -mCherry) designed for detection of @entity263 using a blood-based reporter-secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and @entity5 visualization using a fluorescent reporter protein, mCherry. In @entity1 @entity263 , @entity13863 levels are correlated with increased Gleason grade and disease progression. To evaluate the performance of the dual-reporter system, a prostate cell panel with varying aggressive phenotypes was tested. Following infection with the @entity11650 /3- @entity13863 -SEAP- @entity13863 -mCherry vector, expression of the SEAP and mCherry reporters was shown to increase with increasing levels of cellular @entity13863 . No correlation was observed between @entity13863 and @entity1486 . To evaluate in vivo performance, @entity5 were grown in athymic male @entity19 using three @entity263 cell lines. Following intra-tumoral injection of the vector, @entity5 formed by cells with high @entity13863 had the greatest reporter expression. Interestingly, @entity5 with the lowest levels of @entity13863 and reporter expression produced the greatest amounts of @entity1486 . These data support the use of @entity11650 /3- @entity13863 -SEAP- @entity13863 -mCherry as a predictor of @entity263 malignancy and as a strategy for @entity5 localization.

title: A dual-reporter, diagnostic vector for XXXX detection and @entity5 imaging.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'flank tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The abuse of @entity12029 (FZ) compounds is worldwide, and several studies have reflected on the consequences with regard to violence, @entity146 and criminal lifestyle of FZ users. Criminals take high doses of FZ or some other @entity1245 to "calm down" before the planned crime. There is support from earlier studies that most likely, all @entity1245 may increase @entity146 in vulnerable males. Chronic intake of high doses of FZ @entity146 in male @entity35 . Because psychopathy involves @entity146 , we have examined whether psychopathy as well as any of the four facets of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) (Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle and Antisocial) are related to different substance use disorders, with the focus on FZ. We have also examined the relationship between each PCL-R item and FZ use. @entity1 were 114 male offenders aged 14-35 years, all of whom were convicted for severe, predominantly violent, offences. Substance use, including FZ, was not more common in those who scored high in psychopathy. Use of FZ was more common in offenders who scored high in Facet 4 (Antisocial) of the PCL-R (odds ratio = 4.30, 95% CI 1.86-9.94). Only one of the PCL-R items, "Criminal versatility", was significantly associated with FZ use (odds ratio = 3.7). It may be concluded that intake of FZ has a specific relationship to only one of the facets and not to psychopathy per se. The findings have also important theoretical implications because Facet 4 is not a key factor of the construct of psychopathy. Clinical implications of the article: We have used the new two-factor and four-facet theoretical model of psychopathy in the young offender population, many of them with one or more substance use disorders. The present results suggest that @entity146 defined by Facet 4 (poor behavioral control, early @entity146 , juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release and criminal versatility) in the studied subjects is more typical for FZ users than it is for non-FZ users. This may have implications for assessment and treatment. Clinicians should be aware that criminals with high scores on Facet 4 have a more than fourfold odds of being a FZ user. This conclusion has an important clinical implication because FZ abuse is very common and is not always the focus of a forensic psychiatric assessment.

title: XXXX intake in male offenders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity12029 :: ('MESH:D005445', 'Chemical') :: ['flunitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'antisocial behavior', 'increases aggression', 'behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

answer: @entity12029 :: (MESH:D005445,Chemical) :: ['Flunitrazepam']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intensive insulin treatment (IIT) has been shown to improve outcomes post-burn in severely burnt @entity1 . However, it increases the incidence of @entity4053 and is associated with risks and complications. We hypothesized that exenatide would decrease plasma @entity413 levels post-burn to levels similar to those achieved with IIT, and reduce the amount of exogenous insulin administered. METHODS: This open-label study included 24 severely burned @entity4806 @entity1 . Six were randomized to receive exenatide, and 18 received IIT during acute hospitalization (block randomization). Exenatide and insulin were administered to maintain @entity413 levels between 80 and 140 mg/dl. We determined 6 AM, daily average, maximum and minimum @entity413 levels. Variability was determined using mean amplitude of @entity413 excursions (MAGE) and percentage of coefficient of variability. The amount of administered insulin was compared in both groups. RESULTS: @entity413 values and variability were similar in both groups: Daily average was 130    28 mg/dl in the intervention group and 138    25 mg/dl in the control group (P = 0.31), MAGE 41    6 vs. 45    12 (respectively). However, administered insulin was significantly lower in the exenatide group than in the IIT group: 22    14 IU @entity1 /day in the intervention group and 76    11 IU @entity1 /day in the control group (P = 0.01). The incidence rate of @entity4053 was similar in both groups (0.38 events/ @entity1 -month). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 receiving exenatide received significantly lower amounts of exogenous insulin to control plasma @entity413 levels. Exenatide was well tolerated and potentially represents a novel agent to attenuate @entity4854 in the critical care setting. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT00673309.

title: The use of exenatide in severely burned @entity4806 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4806 :: ('MESH:D063766', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic dilation of @entity86 with increasing numbers of stents was first described by our group in 2001 with promising results after a long-term follow-up (mean 4 years). OBJECTIVE: To verify results of endoscopic treatment of @entity86 at a very-long-term follow-up. DESIGN: Single center, follow-up study. SETTING: Tertiary-care, academic referral center. @entity1 : A group of 42 @entity1 from our 2001 study, who had undergone endoscopic dilation of @entity86 with the multiple endoscopic stenting technique, underwent systematic follow-up. The last telephone follow-up was done in September 2009. INTERVENTION: Clinical conditions and the occurrence of new biliary symptoms during the follow-up period were assessed, and results of the most recent liver function tests and abdominal US were recovered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Occurrence of @entity255 and liver function test evaluation during the follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the 40 @entity1 who were alive at the end of the study published in 2001, 5 (12.5%) died of unrelated causes after a mean of 6.7 years (range 3-13.3 years) from the end of treatment, without further biliary symptoms. The overall mean follow-up time for the remaining 35 @entity1 (87.5%) was 13.7 years (range 11.7-19.8 years). Seven @entity1 (20%) experienced recurrent @entity697 after a mean of 6.8 years (range 3.1-11.7 years) from the end of treatment. All 7 of these @entity1 underwent ERCP. Four of the 7 @entity1 had @entity86 recurrence (n = 4/35, 11.4%) that was retreated endoscopically with placement of stents, and the other 3 @entity1 had common bile duct stones (n = 3/35, 8.6%) that were extracted. No stricture or bile duct stone recurrences after retreatment were recorded after a mean follow-up period of a further 7.1 years (range 2.5-12.1 years). Twenty-eight @entity1 remained asymptomatic with normal liver function test results and abdominal US results after a mean follow-up period of 13.7 years (range 11.7-19.8 years). LIMITATIONS: Telephone follow-up. CONCLUSION: Results of multiple endoscopic stenting for @entity86 remain excellent even after a very-long-term follow-up. The stricture recurrence rate is low, and recurrences can be retreated endoscopically.

title: Endotherapy of XXXX with multiple stents: results after more than 10 years of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative biliary stricture', 'postoperative biliary strictures']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholangitis']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative biliary strictures']


abstract: There is no consensus regarding the effects of mixed antioxidant @entity620 and/or @entity270 supplementation on oxidative stress responses to exercise and restoration of muscle function. Thirty-eight @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either placebo group (n = 18) or mixed antioxidant (primarily @entity620 _ E) supplements (n = 20) in a double-blind manner. After 6 weeks, @entity1 performed 90 min of intermittent shuttle-running. Peak isometric torque of the knee flexors/extensors and range of motion at this joint were determined before and after exercise, with recovery of these variables tracked for up to 168 h post-exercise. Antioxidant supplementation elevated pre-exercise plasma @entity620 (93    8  mol l(-1)) and @entity270 (11    3  mol l(-1)) concentrations relative to baseline (P < 0.001) and the placebo group (P  <= 0.02). Exercise reduced peak isometric torque (i.e. 9-19% relative to baseline; P  <= 0.001), which persisted for the first 48 h of recovery with no difference between treatment groups. In contrast, changes in the urine concentration of F(2)- @entity10329 responded differently to each treatment (P = 0.04), with a tendency for higher concentrations after 48 h of recovery in the supplemented group (6.2    6.1 vs. 3.7    3.4 ng ml(-1)). @entity620 _ E supplementation also affected serum @entity701 concentrations, with an attenuated increase from baseline to the peak values reached after 1 h of recovery compared with the placebo group (P = 0.02) and serum @entity650 concentrations were higher after 1 h of recovery in the antioxidant group (11.3    3.4 pg ml(-1)) than the placebo group (6.2    3.8 pg ml(-1); P = 0.05). Combined @entity620 _ E supplementation neither reduced markers of oxidative stress or @entity32 nor did it facilitate recovery of muscle function after exercise-induced @entity121 .

title: Oxidative stress, XXXX and recovery of muscle function after damaging exercise: effect of 6-week mixed antioxidant supplementation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin C', 'vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity10329 :: ('MESH:D028421', 'Chemical') :: ['isoprostanes']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle damage']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: The aging of our national population is recognized as a major achievement of modern society. The National Institutes of Health have recently redefined "old" as beginning at age 70. This segment of our population lead active and productive lives. An unfortunate association of aging is the development of @entity5 . The incidence of @entity14 continues to escalate, with 150,000 cases expected each year, representing 15% of all @entity5 , two thirds of which are found in @entity1 older than age 65. Forty percent of these @entity1 present with @entity1442 . Little change in survival by stage has been noted in the last 30 years. Surgical resection offers the only opportunity for cure as well as affording significant palliation in @entity1 with @entity1442 . Although age alone does not increase operative risks, comorbidity and emergency surgery are confounding factors. Repeated studies have shown that acceptable mortality and morbidity may be achieved by surgical resection for cure and for palliation in the elderly, thus age alone should not be a limiting factor. Key elements in management are early detection with surgical intervention before stage advancement or before complications occur (i.e., obstruction, perforation). When possible, comorbid factors, such as nutritional deficits, @entity65 , and @entity338 should be corrected. The appropriate use of mechanical bowel preparation and perioperative antibiotics should be emphasized. Surgical management should encourage adequate resection for cure or palliation rather than bypass or diversion. Proximal shifts in @entity694 location and improved technology frequently make resection with @entity254 possible rather than end colostomy. Multidisciplinary approaches to @entity5 offer significant opportunities for sphincter preservation. Local excision with or without radiation therapy offers an occasional opportunity for treatment of @entity5 in highly selective cases, also with sphincter preservation.

title: Surgical treatment options for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular decompensation']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In studies reported in the 1960s and in several investigations since, plasma from irradiated individuals was shown to induce @entity2008 when transferred into normal blood cultures. In the present study, the aim was to investigate the occurrence of these @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) using markers representing DNA damage produced in reporter lymphocytes that are treated with plasma from locally exposed individuals. Blood plasma was obtained from clinical @entity1 with benign conditions before and after they had received radiation to small treatment volumes. Three @entity1 groups were studied: (I) marginal resected @entity1491 , (II) painful @entity158 of the elbow or the heel. @entity1 in each treatment group obtained the same fractionated treatment regimen, ranging from a total dose of 40 Gy (8   5 Gy, 2 factions/week) to a very small volume (1-3.5 cm  ) in group I to a total dose of 6 Gy (6   1 Gy, 2 fractions/week) for groups II and III (treatment volumes 800-1150 cm   and 80-160 cm  , respectively). The presence of @entity4059 in the plasma was investigated through cytogenetic ( @entity2008 , micronuclei) assays and kinetics of early DNA damage (y- @entity6714 foci) in reporter cells. With the experimental settings applied, local radiation exposure had no apparent effect on the induction of @entity4059 in @entity1 plasma; no deviations in @entity2008 or micronucleus or focus induction were observed in reporter cells treated with postexposure plasma with respect to pre-exposure samples when the mean values of the groups were compared. However, there was a large interindividual variation in the plasma-induced DNA-damaging effects. @entity134 treatment of @entity1 was demonstrated to be the most influential factor affecting the occurrence of plasma factors; plasma from @entity1 treated with @entity230 led to significant reductions of y- @entity6714 foci and reduced numbers of chromatid aberrations in reporter cells. In addition to the locally exposed @entity1 , newly obtained plasma samples from three radiological accident victims exposed in 1994 were examined. In contrast to the @entity1 data, a significant increase in @entity2008 was induced with plasma from two accident victims.

title: Search for XXXX in the plasma of locally irradiated individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'clastogenic factors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis of the knee, and (III) painful tendinitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal aberrations']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity4059 :: (MESH:D007020,Disease) :: ['clastogenic factors']


abstract: The potential for causing carcinogenic and mutagenic effects has been the main concern when assessing the risks associated with low-level exposures of @entity1 to the industrially important @entity4299 , @entity21806 (PrO). For regulatory purposes, surface-based extrapolation has been used to determine the @entity1 equivalent dose from @entity5 data obtained in rodents. In this context the tissue dose will more adequately reflect inter- and intraspecies differences with respect to pharmacokinetic parameters than is the case for conventional representations of exposure. The formation of adducts in nucleophilic molecular targets by directly acting electrophilic agents, like @entity21807 , is thought to be closely linked to the process of @entity5 initiation. To investigate whether tissue dose is correlated to surface area of the exposed organism, the in vivo adduct levels in hemoglobin and DNA have been determined in @entity19 , @entity35 , and @entity235 after exposure to PrO by injection as well as by inhalation. The results obtained indicate that the dose in blood is virtually the same in the three investigated animal species, whereas surface-area based extrapolation predicts a difference by a factor of about seven between the @entity19 and the @entity235 . Although the data base is more limited, this conclusion is also supported by measurements of DNA alkylation is selected tissues. The variations actually observed are not related to the surface area of the animal. No significant differences could be found between administration of PrO by injection or by inhalation. For this reason, the surface-based extrapolation model for estimation of the @entity1 equivalent dose is not appropriate, and the carcinogenic potency factors for PrO as previously derived by the U.S. EPA should probably be revised downward by a factor of 10 to 13.

title: In vivo tissue dosimetry as a basis for cross-species extrapolation in @entity5 risk assessment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity21806 :: ('MESH:C009068', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene oxide']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity21806 :: (MESH:C009068,Chemical) :: ['propylene oxide']


abstract: The authors studied the usefulness of Ultrasound imaging in the follow-up of post-traumatic @entity121 , to allow correct rehabilitation therapy. Ultrasound (U.) made using high frequency probe (7.5 MHz) can distinguish the exact type of post-traumatic soft-tissue lesions both in contusion and stretching @entity130 . U. can differentiate both @entity75 such as contusions and strains and major lesions as partial and complete tears and @entity397 . @entity75 can be easily demonstrated by comparison with contralateral muscle structure. In case of major lesions U. can give an easy demonstration of possible associated lesions like @entity1410 and can also study their age and guide needle aspiration. More useful for a correct rehabilitation therapy approach is the U. follow-up study, so the therapy can be exactly tailored to @entity1 's peculiar needs, and not on a possibly hazardous standardized therapy. U. imaging study follow-up has allowed us to achieve the best results in the cheapest way. The authors studied 252 @entity1 which had major @entity121 . U. follow-up studies allowed to value the evolution of those lesions and to decide the exact tailoring of rehabilitation therapy.

title: [Usefulness of ultrasonographic monitoring in muscle XXXX for rehabilitation therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['minor lesions', 'Minor lesions']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle lesions']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6694 is a severe @entity245 affecting almost exclusively females. Among Rett clinical variants, the early-onset @entity410 variant describes @entity1 with early onset @entity302 and it is caused by mutations in @entity8026 . METHODS: Four previously reported @entity1 and five new cases with @entity8026 mutation, ranging from 14 months to 13 years, were evaluated by two clinical geneticists, classified using a severity score system based on the evaluation of 22 different clinical signs and compared with 128 classic Rett and 25 Zappella variant @entity8251 -mutated @entity1 , evaluated by the same clinical geneticists. Clinical features were compared with previously described @entity8026 mutated @entity1 . Both the statistical and the descriptive approach have been used to delineate clinical diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: All @entity1 present @entity302 with onset varying from 10 days to 3 months. @entity1 may present different type of @entity410 both at onset and during the whole course of the disease; multiple @entity410 types may also occur in the same individual. After treatment with antiepileptic drugs @entity1 may experience a short @entity410 -free period but @entity302 progressively relapses. Typical stereotypic hand movements severely affecting the ability to grasp are present. Psychomotor development is severely impaired. In the majority of cases head circumference is within the normal range both at birth and at the time of clinical examination. CONCLUSION: For the practical clinical approach we propose to use six necessary and eight supportive diagnostic criteria. @entity302 with onset between the first week and 5 months of life, hand stereotypies, as well as severe @entity2421 , are included among the necessary criteria.

title: Early-onset XXXX variant of @entity6694 : definition of the clinical diagnostic criteria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity6694 :: ('MESH:D015518', 'Disease') :: ['Rett syndrome']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2 is one of the most common @entity5 in the United States and is associated with high levels of symptoms, including @entity158 , @entity1295 , @entity1353 . Caregivers and @entity1 are adversely affected. However, previous studies of coping skills training (CST) interventions have not been tested in @entity1 with @entity2 nor have systematically included caregivers. OBJECTIVES: This study tested the efficacy of a caregiver-assisted CST protocol in a sample of @entity1 with @entity2 . METHODS: Two hundred thirty-three @entity2 @entity1 and their caregivers were randomly assigned to receive 14 telephone-based sessions of either caregiver-assisted CST or education/support involving the caregiver. @entity1 completed measures assessing @entity158 , @entity458 , quality of life (QOL), and self-efficacy for symptom management; caregivers completed measures assessing @entity458 , @entity6475 , and self-efficacy for helping the @entity1 manage symptoms. RESULTS: @entity1 in both treatment conditions showed improvements in @entity158 , @entity308 , QOL, and self-efficacy, and caregivers in both conditions showed improvements in @entity148 and self-efficacy from baseline to four-month follow-up. Results of exploratory analyses suggested that the CST intervention was more beneficial to @entity1 /caregivers with @entity5 , whereas the education/support intervention was more beneficial to @entity1 /caregivers with Stage I @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Taken together with the broader literature in this area, results from this study suggest that psychosocial interventions can lead to improvements in a range of outcomes for @entity5 @entity1 . Suggestions for future studies include the use of three-group designs (e.g., comparing two active interventions with a standard-care control) and examining mechanisms of change.

title: Caregiver-assisted coping skills training for XXXX : results of a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath, and psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage II and III cancers', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['caregiver strain']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: As a rapid screening method for testing chemotherapeutic agents against @entity1 @entity5 explants, renal subcapsular assay has been established by Bogden et al (1978). The authors investigated the effectiveness of the technique of Bogden for @entity35 @entity11 . Preselected 1 mm3 fragments of viable @entity5 tissue of @entity35 (CDF) were implanted under the renal capsule of normal immunocompetent @entity35 . Then initial and final @entity5 sizes (formula; see text) were measured in situ with an oculometer inserted into a surgical microscope, and evaluated the changes of @entity5 sizes. The experiments were divided into three groups. The first group was that @entity5 pieces of @entity35 (CDF) were implanted under the renal capsule of the syngenetic @entity35 (CDF). Non-irradiated and preirradiated (400 rad) heterogenetic @entity35 ( @entity35 ) were used as the second and third groups. The explanted @entity5 pieces grew rapidly in the first group (syngenetic @entity35 ). On the other hand, poor growth of the second group (non-irradiated heterogenetic @entity35 ) was seen within 7 days after implantation, and rejected completely until 15 days after implantation. Explanted @entity5 pieces in the third group (pre-irradiated heterogenetic @entity35 ), however, grew enough big, though the change of @entity5 sizes was less than that of the first group. Histological examination was also performed. In the first and third group, proliferation of @entity11 cells was remarkable under the renal capsule, and neovascularization in the explanted @entity5 tissue was provided from the capsule, first, and then parenchym of the kidney. Even @entity39 and @entity548 were seen in the @entity5 tissue 15 days after implantation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Application of renal subcapsular assay to XXXX malignant brain tumor].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1943 (SRIF) influences the release of two important neuromodulators of retinal circuitry, @entity935 (DA) and @entity842 (NO). The aim of the present study was to examine whether DA and NO modulate SRIF release in @entity35 retina, and the mechanisms involved in their actions. Retinas of adult female @entity35 (250--300 g) were mechanically detached from the eyecup and ex vivo experiments were performed. Retinal explants were incubated in the presence of dopaminergic [DA (10 microM, 100 microM and 200 microM), @entity3826 (nonselective D1/D2 agonist, 0.50 mM, 1.0 microM and 10 microM), @entity14369 (D1 selective agonist, 0.50 microM, 1.0 microM and 10 microM), @entity11640 (D2 selective agonist, 0.50 microM, 1.0 microM and 10 microM), @entity10095 (D1 selective antagonist, 250 nM and 500 nM) and @entity3216 (D2 selective antagonist, 100 microM and 200 microM)], and nitrinergic agents [ @entity369 (62.5 microM--5mM), SIN-1 (50 microM, 100 microM and 500 microM) and @entity11255 (50 microM, 250 microM and 500 microM)]. SRIF levels were quantified using radioimmunoassay (RIA). @entity935 had no effect on SRIF levels. @entity3826 produced a concentration dependent decrease and increase in SRIF levels, suggestive of pre- and postsynaptic effects. @entity14369 (10 microM) and @entity10095 (250 nM and 500 nM) mimicked and reversed @entity3826 's postsynaptic actions, respectively. @entity11640 had no effect, but blockade of D2 autoreceptors by @entity3216 (200 microM) afforded an increase in SRIF levels. @entity369 and SIN-1 increased, and @entity11255 attenuated SRIF levels. These results show that @entity935 D1 receptors, and NO/ @entity6710 agents modulate SRIF release in the retina suggesting that the triad SRIF--DA--NO have reciprocal interactions via which they regulate retinal circuitry and vision transduction.

title: @entity935 (D1) receptor activation and nitrinergic agents influence XXXX levels in @entity35 retina.

entities_list: @entity11640 :: ('MESH:D019257', 'Chemical') :: ['quinpirole', 'Quinpirole']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague--Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['somatostatin']


abstract: We reviewed the limb and digit hemodynamics of 67 extremities of 48 @entity1 evaluated for @entity9971 in our vascular laboratory during 7 years. These @entity1 represented 1.4% of the arterial examinations during this period. Abnormal ankle/arm pressure indices (less than 0.9), signifying proximal @entity432 , were present in 31 limbs (47%). Toe/ankle indices were abnormal (less than 0.6) in 57 extremities (85%), indicating @entity432 . Arteriograms were obtained in 40 of 64 extremities (63%) available for follow-up, which revealed @entity731 in 90% (aortoiliac 20%, femoropopliteotibial 30%, and combined 40%), @entity439 in 7.5%, and no disease in only one extremity (2.5%). Of 64 extremities followed for 1 to 84 months (mean, 26 months), only 28 (44%) manifested an uncomplicated outcome. Tissue loss was noted in 24 (38%), recurrent @entity63 occurred in nine (14%), and 14 limbs (22%) required amputation of toe(s) (seven), forefeet (three) or legs (four). Nine @entity1 (20%) died in the follow-up period. Outcomes did not correlate with limb or digit hemodynamics or with therapy (surgical in 31, medical in 11, or none in 22) except that tissue @entity39 was more common in @entity1 undergoing operation. The @entity9971 deserves recognition as an important sign of potential limb-threatening @entity455 , but the optimal therapy remains to be established.

title: The XXXX : hemodynamics and therapeutic correlates of outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['digital ischemia']

entities_list: @entity9971 :: ('MESH:D018438', 'Disease') :: ['blue toe syndrome']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial obstruction', 'pedal or digital artery obstruction']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity9971 :: (MESH:D018438,Disease) :: ['blue toe syndrome']


abstract: AIM: To determine the efficacy and safety of Artisan phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs) for @entity2516 . METHODS: A prospective study was conducted on @entity1 undergoing Artisan phakic IOL implantation for @entity1714 , @entity3467 or @entity940 from 2002 to 2008. Visual acuity, manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE), endothelial cell counts and higher order aberrations were recorded pre- and postoperatively. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-one (84 @entity1 ) myopic (mean MRSE -11.2 +/- 4.1 D) and 14 (7 @entity1 ) @entity735 (mean MRSE 7.1 +/- 1.3 D) were treated. Twenty eyes (11 @entity1 ) had toric IOLs to correct @entity940 (mean MRSE -9.05 +/- 6.13 D, mean @entity940 4.06 +/- 1.26 D). Three months postoperatively, mean MRSE in 37.6% of eyes was within +/-0.5 D, 61.8% within +/-1.0 D and 91.4% within +/-2.0 D. 18.5% underwent keratorefractive surgery to correct residual @entity2516 . A 1.56-fold increase occurred in 4th order spherical aberration. Endothelial cell loss was 1.45% at 1 year and negligible at 5 years. Fifty-four eyes (29.2%) gained one or more lines of best corrected visual acuity and no eye lost a line. CONCLUSION: Artisan phakic IOLs are safe and effective for @entity2516 .

title: 5-year prospective follow-up of Artisan phakic intraocular lenses for the correction of XXXX , @entity3467 and @entity940 .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error correction', 'refractive error']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopic eyes']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generalized @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) occurring during exposure to @entity519 is a detrimental process resulting in an increase in lung vascular resistance. Nebulization of @entity11495 has been shown to inhibit HPV. The aim of this project was to investigate and compare the effects of nebulization of @entity3542 and different formulations of acidified @entity11495 on acute HPV. METHODS: Ex vivo isolated @entity95 lungs perfused with erythrocytes in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (adjusted to 10% hematocrit) and in vivo anesthetized catheterized @entity95 were challenged with periods of @entity519 ventilation alternating with periods of normoxic ventilation. After baseline @entity519 challenges, vehicle, @entity11495 or acidified @entity11495 was delivered via nebulization. In the ex vivo model, pulmonary arterial pressure and @entity842 concentrations in exhaled gas were monitored. @entity3542 and @entity3542 / @entity1507 were measured in samples of perfusion buffer. Pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output and blood gases were monitored in the in vivo model. RESULTS: In the ex vivo model, @entity3542 nebulization attenuated HPV and increased @entity842 concentrations in exhaled gas and @entity3542 concentrations in the perfusate. The acidified forms of @entity11495 induced higher levels of @entity842 in exhaled gas and had longer vasodilating effects compared to @entity3542 alone. All @entity3542 formulations increased concentrations of circulating @entity3542 to the same degree. In the in vivo model, inhaled @entity3542 inhibited HPV, while pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output and blood gases were not affected. All @entity3542 formulations had similar potency to inhibit HPV. The tested concentration of appeared tolerable. CONCLUSION: @entity3542 alone and in acidified forms effectively and similarly attenuates HPV. However, acidified @entity3542 formulations induce a more pronounced increase in @entity842 exhalation.

title: Nebulization of the acidified XXXX formulation attenuates acute @entity519 pulmonary vasoconstriction.

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite', 'Nitrite']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity11495 :: ('MESH:D012977', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitrite']

answer: @entity11495 :: (MESH:D012977,Chemical) :: ['sodium nitrite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic extended gastrectomy through the transhiatal approach in @entity1 with esophagogastric junction @entity5 . METHODS: From Feb 2008 to May 2010, 55 cases with Siewert type II or III esophagogastric junction @entity5 underwent laparoscopic transhiatal extended gastrectomy at the West China hospital. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Esophagogastric junction @entity5 was Siewert type II in 36 @entity1 and Siewert type III in 19. Thirty-five cases underwent proximal gastrectomy, 20 total gastrectomy. There were 53 D2 lymph node excisions and 2 palliative resections. Fifty @entity1 underwent laparoscopic extended gastrectomy successfully, with 5 converted to open operations. A safe anastomosis between @entity358 was achieved in the majority of @entity1 . The mean operative time was(236.2  35.5) min and the mean estimated @entity190 was(60.6  33.9) ml. There were no postoperative mortalities or anastomotic leakage/ @entity850 . No reoperations were required. Pleural laceration occurred in 11 cases during operation, of whom 10 were repaired intraoperatively and one was managed with drainage postoperatively. There were 3 @entity1 developed @entity281 . Postoperative recovery was uneventful in other @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic transhiatal extended gastrectomy is feasible and safe for @entity1 with esophagogastric junction @entity5 .

title: [Laparoscopic transhiatal extended gastrectomy for type II, III esophagogastric junction XXXX : a preliminary report of 55 cases].

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection and one wound infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['inferior pulmonary vein and pulmonary hilum']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Objective: @entity3969 is a @entity8 that usually affects young @entity1 . Information about the clinical behaviour of this @entity5 in Iceland has been scarce. The aim of this study was to find the incidence, clinical presentation, treatment and survival of @entity1 with @entity3969 . Material and methods: Included in the study were all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity3969 in Iceland from 1st of January 1961 to 31st of December 1995. Altogether, there were 17 @entity1 , 15 @entity1 , mean age 33 months (standard deviation 19, range 5-77 months) and two adults (age 25 and 29), with M/F ratio 0.7. Information was gained from each @entity1 's record and the @entity5 registry of the Icelandic @entity5 Society. All the @entity5 were re-evaluated by a pathologist and staged according to the NWTS staging system. Results: Age adjusted incidence during the study period was 0.2/100,000 per year (1.0 for @entity1 under 15 years). Abdominal mass (65%) and @entity490 (53%) were the most common symptoms. Histology was typical in all cases except one with @entity4575 and another with @entity3038 growth. One @entity1 was diagnosed in stage I (6%), six in stage II (35%) and seven in stage III (41 %). Two @entity1 had @entity358 (stage IV) and one had @entity5 (stage V). Nephrectomy was performed in all cases. The operative mortality was 12%. Of the 15 @entity1 surviving surgery, 12 received radiotherapy, 12 chemotherapy and nine both treatments. Crude five-year-survival for the whole group was 42%, 25% for the @entity1 diagnosed 1961-1976 and 61% for those diagnosed 1977-1995 (p=0.13). The @entity1 with @entity5 was still alive 13 years after diagnosis. Conclusion: As in other Western countries, @entity3969 is rare in Iceland and has similar incidence and clinical presentation. Two thirds of the @entity1 were diagnosed in stage II or III. Even @entity1 with distant metastases can be cured with multimodal treatment: surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There was a trend toward better survival during the study period.

title: [ XXXX in Iceland 1961-1995. A retrospective study.]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomatous']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease in the kidneys']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'bilateral tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms' tumor']


abstract: The supplementation of @entity4388 ( @entity5993 ) could increase performance or delay fatigue in intermittent high-intensity exercise. Prolonged @entity2633 matches result in fatigue, which impairs skilled performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of @entity5993 supplementation on skilled @entity2633 performance after a simulated match. Nine male college @entity2633 players were recruited for this randomized cross-over, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. The @entity1 consumed @entity5993 (0.3 g. kg-1) or @entity1219 (0.209 g. kg-1) before the trial. An additional supplementation of 0.1 g. kg-1 @entity5993 or 0.07 g. kg-1 @entity1219 was ingested after the third game in the simulated match. The Loughborough Tennis Skill Test was performed before and after the simulated match. Post-match [ @entity3157 ] and base excess were significantly higher in the @entity3157 trial than those in the placebo trial. Blood [ @entity880 ] was significantly increased in the placebo (pre: 1.22    0.54; post: 2.17    1.46 mM) and @entity3157 (pre: 1.23    0.41; post: 3.21    1.89 mM) trials. The match-induced change in blood [ @entity880 ] was significantly higher in the @entity3157 trial. Blood pH remained unchanged in the placebo trial (pre: 7.37    0.32; post: 7.37    0.14) but was significantly increased in the @entity3157 trial (pre: 7.37    0.26; post: 7.45    0.63), indicating a more alkaline environment. The service and forehand ground stroke consistency scores were declined significantly after the simulated match in the placebo trial, while they were maintained in the @entity3157 trial. The match-induced declines in the consistency scores were significantly larger in the placebo trial than those in the @entity3157 trial. This study suggested that @entity5993 supplementation could prevent the decline in skilled @entity2633 performance after a simulated match.

title: XXXX supplementation prevents skilled @entity2633 performance decline after a simulated match.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['HCO3-', 'bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['Sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: @entity5 are a group of neuroendocrine @entity5 distributed widely throughout the body but most commonly occurring in the gut. These @entity5 retain many characteristics of their neural crest origin, including secretion of neuroactive peptides and responsiveness to neurotrophic substances. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophic protein involved in maintenance and differentiation of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons, regulates growth of several @entity5 cells by inducing a differentiated phenotype and subsequent inhibition of cell growth rate. We examined the actions of NGF in a functioning @entity1 @entity788 cell line (termed BON). NGF has no effect on the cytoarchitecture or constitutive secretion of bioamines in this @entity4303 cell line. NGF, however, stimulates the in vitro cellular proliferation of BON cells. BON cells possess mRNA for the NGF receptors (p75LNGFR and @entity2250 ) and membrane-associated @entity669 kinase activity is increased in response to NGF. Both the mitogenic activity of NGF, as well as the receptor-linked @entity669 kinase activity, can be abrogated in BON cells by the trkA inhibitor K-252a and specific anti-NGF antibody. Our studies demonstrate that NGF is a mitogen for this @entity4303 cell line without effect on cellular phenotype or cytoarchitecture. NGF may play a role in the development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: Nerve growth factor as a mitogen for a XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neural tumor', 'Carcinoid tumors', 'carcinoid tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic carcinoid']


abstract: 1. The influence of gastrointestinal infusions of fat on short-term and 24 h control of food intake were studied in twenty-four @entity1707 fed twice per day and seventeen fed three times per day. The @entity1707 were fitted with up to four catheters placed in the stomach, the duodenum, and at 2, 4 and 8 m from the ligament of Treitz. 2. Various infusions were given into the catheters beginning 30 min before the first meal (two feeds) or second meal (three feeds) of the day and continuing until the end of the feeding period or until the @entity1707 stopped eating. 3. Infusions of a fat emulsion (Intralipid) into the stomach, of @entity3952 or @entity653 into the duodenum, or of @entity653 into the ileum (8 m from the ligament of Treitz) inhibited food intake during the infusion according to the amount of energy infused. 4. Food intake was inhibited by more than the amount of energy infused with duodenal infusion of Intralipid or @entity5296 , or with infusion of Intralipid mixed with @entity3645 and lipase (but not with Intralipid alone) into 2 or 4 m from the ligament of Treitz. 5. Duodenal infusion of @entity653 , and ileal (8 m from the ligament of Treitz) infusion of @entity5296 or @entity653 inhibited food intake at the following meal according to the amount of energy infused. 6. It is concluded that fats can exert both pre- and post-absorptive control of food intake and that since Intralipid infusion to the stomach but not to the duodenum inhibits food intake according to the amount of energy infused, it is likely that control of food intake is related to control of stomach emptying. 7. The inhibition of food intake by more than the amount of energy infused during upper intestinal infusion of fat is likely to be a result of digestion of the fat to monoglycerides, and interaction of @entity5297 with receptors in the proximal 4 m of intestine.

title: The influence of gastrointestinal infusion of fats on regulation of food intake in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3952 :: ('MESH:D019301', 'Chemical') :: ['oleic acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity5296 :: ('CHEBI:17408', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5297 :: ('MESH:D050178', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglycerides']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate radiosensitizing effect of normobaric @entity26 breathing in radiotherapy for advanced @entity135 . Forty seven @entity1 with advanced @entity957 of the head and neck (7% in Stage III and 93% in Stage IV) were entered in the study. Breathing the pure, normobaric @entity26 was given for 15-20 min in the treatment room. Irradiation started immediately after @entity26 breathing. Conventional, megavoltage radiotherapy to the total doses in the range of 46-67.5 Gy was used. The control group was 46 @entity1 with the same diagnosis and stage treated by radiotherapy alone. @entity5 control was 36% in the study group compared to 15% in the control (p < 0.05). Mean survival time was 15.8 and 11.8 months, and 3-year survival was 19% and 2%, respectively (p < 0.05). Survival depended on total @entity5 dose and total nodal dose. No significant influence of the @entity5 location on local control and importance of the size of dose per fraction and overall treatment time were found. The most common failure in both groups was persistent @entity5 . Mean recurrence time was 5 months in the study group and 8 months in the control. Present results suggest that the use of normobaric @entity26 breathing prior to irradiation could increase effectiveness of conventional radiotherapy for advanced @entity957 of head and neck.

title: Normobaric @entity26 as a sensitizer in radiotherapy for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Locoregional tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: @entity56 ( @entity12534 ) is sometimes associated with cutaneous manifestations. Biopsies of these manifestations are characteristic enough to allow for the diagnosis of this disease through histological examination. Case 1 involved a 34-year-old @entity1 who developed a low-grade fever, @entity1503 , @entity912 of the right oculomotor nerve, and a @entity11782 . In addition, he suffered from preceding @entity565 and paresthesia of the legs and eventually developed @entity712 . The histological examination of a biopsy taken from a @entity548 showed a dense perivascular infiltration of eosinophils in the upper dermis and @entity528 of collagen fibers. Case 2 involved a 41-year-old @entity1 who was afflicted with @entity5105 , livedoid erythemas, preceding @entity565 , and @entity1503 . During the course of his illness, he also developed bilateral peroneal nerve @entity912 and two small erythemato-bullous lesions. The histological examination of a urticarial lesion revealed an abundant eosinophil perivascular infiltration; examination of a nodule revealed @entity528 with a granulomatous reaction. Clinical and laboratory studies strongly suggested the diagnosis of @entity56 in both of these cases. The diagnosis was also supported by a histological examination of the @entity272 .

title: XXXX ( @entity12534 ) associated with cutaneous manifestations: report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity11782 :: ('MESH:C535817', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphic eruption']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic bulla']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['Churg-Strauss']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['urticarial erythemas']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic granulomatosis', 'Allergic granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['basophilic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic granulomatosis']


abstract: Event-related potentials (ERPs) have been proven to be a useful tool to complement clinical assessment and to detect residual cognitive functions in @entity1 with @entity1662 . These ERPs are often recorded using passive or unspecific instructions. @entity1 data obtained this way are then compared to data from healthy @entity1 , which are usually recorded using active instructions. The present study investigates the effect of attentive modulations and particularly the effect of active vs. passive instruction on the ERP components @entity5527 ( @entity5527 ) and N400. A sample of 18 healthy @entity1 listened to three auditory paradigms: an oddball, a word priming, and a sentence paradigm. Each paradigm was presented three times with different instructions: ignoring auditory stimuli, passive listening, and focused attention on the auditory stimuli. After each task, the @entity1 indicated their subjective effort. The N400 decreased from the focused task to the passive task, and was extinct in the ignore task. The @entity5527 exhibited higher amplitudes in the focused and passive task compared to the ignore task. The data indicate an effect of attention on the supratemporal component of the @entity5527 . Subjective effort was equally high in the passive and focused tasks but reduced in the ignore task. We conclude that passive listening during EEG recording is stressful and attenuates ERPs, which renders the interpretation of the results obtained in such conditions difficult.

title: Task instructions modulate the attentional mode affecting the auditory XXXX and the semantic N400.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['disorders of consciousness']

entities_list: @entity5527 :: ('MESH:C536928', 'Disease') :: ['MMN', 'mismatch negativity']

answer: @entity5527 :: (MESH:C536928,Disease) :: ['MMN']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Some metabolic factors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of @entity418 ; however the association with its prognosis is rarely reported. Here, we assessed the prediction of preoperative @entity209 and its single components for @entity418 mortality by analyzing a subset of data from the ongoing Fujian prospective investigation of @entity5 (FIESTA) study. Between 2000 and 2010, @entity1 who underwent three-field lymphadenectomy were eligible for inclusion. Blood/tissue specimens, demographic and clinicopathologic data were collected at baseline. @entity209 is defined by the criteria proposed by Chinese @entity6 Society. In this study, analysis was restricted to @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) due to the limited number of other histological types. The median follow-up in 2396 @entity1721 @entity1 (males/females: 1822/574) was 38.2months (range, 0.5-180months). The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of @entity209 for @entity1721 mortality was statistically significant in males (HR, 95% confidence interval, P: 1.45, 1.14-1.83, 0.002), but not in females (1.46, 0.92-2.31, 0.107). For single metabolic components, the multivariate-adjusted HRs were significant for @entity4854 (1.98, 1.68-2.33, <0.001) and @entity2299 (1.41, 1.20-1.65, <0.001) in males and for @entity4854 (1.76, 1.23-2.51, <0.001) in females, independent of clinicopathologic characteristics and @entity28 . In tree-structured survival analysis, the top splitting factor in both genders was @entity5 -node- @entity3 stage, followed by regional lymph node @entity3 . Taken together, our findings demonstrate that preoperative @entity209 was a significant independent predictor of @entity1721 mortality in males, and this effect was largely mediated by glyeolipid @entity209 .

title: Analysis of Preoperative Metabolic Risk Factors Affecting the Prognosis of @entity1 with XXXX : The Fujian Prospective Investigation of Cancer (FIESTA) Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome', 'metabolism disorder']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Fresh biopsied @entity5 tissues are difficult to obtain for the purpose of performing microarray experiments on extracted nucleic acids. Present technology allows for extraction of total RNA from @entity406 -fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue analyzed by the cDNA mediated Annealing Sectioning and Ligation (DASL) method. We aimed to correlate gene transcript differences between two @entity2184 ( @entity2184 ) clinical-histopathological parameters ( @entity3 , cell type). METHODS: A total of 43 FFPE @entity2184 were used. The expression of @entity19088 , a ribosomal protein gene, for each sample was used to evaluate the quality of RNA extracted from FFPE tissue. Gene expression values generated from the array were analyzed using the GeneSpring GX software (Agilent). Immunohistochemistry was used in order to validate transcriptional findings at the protein level. RESULTS: A total of 106 genes were identified with (P < 0.05, Welch ANOVA test) a difference in transcript abundance for the @entity3 clinical parameter. Furthermore, we identified 64 genes with a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in transcript abundance between the spindle and epithelioid cell types. Each individual sample for both groups ( @entity3 , cell type) exhibited distinct transcriptional profiles that were separated on a PCA. Positive nuclear immunostaining for @entity15543 - @entity3 , @entity7514 -cell type was found to be associated with better @entity1 prognosis and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a successful retrospective analysis has been done with @entity2184 FFPE RNA. This data may lead to future customized therapeutic targets, which may improve the now unchanged mortality rate of this particular @entity5 .

title: Expression profiling of @entity406 -fixed paraffin embedded primary XXXX uveal melanomas using DASL matrices.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ocular tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['UM', 'uveal melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1358 is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity280 . METHODS: A review was conducted of 10 @entity1 with @entity280 and @entity703 , who underwent renal parenchyma-sparing surgery. Four @entity1 had recurrences, requiring a total of 16 operations. @entity1 were followed for recurrence by computed tomography. RESULTS: The mean follow-up for these @entity1 was 62 months (range, 11-118 months). Seventy-two @entity5 were resected, including 36 @entity5 not seen by preoperative imaging studies. This was accomplished primarily by enucleation or partial nephrectomy when anatomically feasible. No @entity1 required dialysis, and the mean serum @entity1011 at follow-up was 1.2 mg/dl (range, 0.9-1.7). Of the 10 @entity1 , 2 died, one of primary @entity2 with recurrent @entity1358 found at autopsy, and one of metastatic @entity1358 . Another @entity1 with probable recurrent @entity5 was being observed at the time of this writing. The other seven @entity1 were alive and without evidence of @entity703 . CONCLUSION: Although the risk of recurrence is high, these @entity1 may be treated with parenchyma-sparing renal surgery and enjoy a prolonged survival, and avoid the complications of dialysis or transplantation.

title: Conservative surgical therapy of @entity1358 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'Renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal tumors', 'renal cancer']

answer: @entity280 :: (MESH:D006623,Disease) :: ['von Hippel-Lindau disease']


abstract: Local radiation therapy for @entity0 depletes the blood of various subsets of lymphocytes. Previous studies showed that the recovery is still incomplete at 30 months. To further elucidate the recovery we examined blood lymphocyte counts of 138 disease-free @entity1 and various lymphocyte subsets in 102 of these @entity1 . These @entity1 , 5-6 and 10-11 years earlier, had entered a clinical trial in which preoperative irradiation (45 Gy) was evaluated against postoperative irradiation (45 Gy) or surgery only. @entity1 who had undergone surgery only served as controls. Total lymphocyte counts of the irradiated @entity1 were still significantly reduced 10-11 years after treatment. This reduction was mainly attributable to a subnormal level of T-cells as determined by the monoclonal antibody Leu-1 and the ability to form rosettes with @entity742 erythrocytes, whereas the number of non-T cells, expressing C'3 receptors, did not differ significantly from the controls. Within the T-cell population a subset with helper/inducer phenotypes, detected by Leu-3a antibodies, was significantly reduced even 10-11 years after irradiation. T-cells with suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes, stainable with @entity8332 a antibodies, however, had already recovered 5-6 years after irradiation. The duration of the radiation induced reductions of different lymphocyte subsets may be related to the physiological turn-over of the cells or a changed distribution of cells in the body.

title: Long term effects on the immune system following local radiation therapy for XXXX . I. Cellular composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prospective evaluation of @entity5 regression during external irradiation for head and neck @entity957 and its association with long-term local control. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity957 [oral cavity: 59 (26%), oropharynx: 65 (29%), hypopharynx: 37 (16%), larynx: 67 (29%)] were included between January 1986 and December 1990. Curative intent external irradiation delivered 65-70 Gy over a period of 7 weeks (five 2 Gy fractions per week). Tumor regression was evaluated clinically and endoscopically every week. RESULTS: Tumor regression, assessed at 2 weeks, was as follows: no response: 62 (30%), 25% response: 121 (59%); 50% response: 23 (11%). At 5 weeks, 9 (4%) @entity1 showed 0-25% regression, 75 (33%) showed 50% regression, 115 (50%) showed 75% regression, and 29 (13%) showed complete regression. Median follow-up was 79 months (range: 6-96 months). The local control probability was 68% (62-74%) at 2 years, 65% (59-70%) at 5 years. Univariate analysis showed that, at 2 weeks, local control was significantly different between the nonresponders and the @entity1 with 25% or greater response (p < 0.025) and that, at the fifth week, local control was very different between the major responders (75 and 100%) and the minor responders (0-50%) (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis (Cox Proportional Hazards Model) showed that the probability of local relapse was significantly and independently increased for minor regression at 5 weeks [Relative risk (RR) of failure was 2.3 (1.4-3.7)], for @entity5 [RR: 2.4 (1.3-4.5)], and for Stage T3-T4 [RR:2.4 (1.4-4)]. Three prognostic groups can, therefore, be proposed: 1) low risk of recurrence when regression > or = 75% and @entity5 or T1-T2 @entity5 in other sites: 106 (46.5%) @entity1 , 2-year local control probability: 84% (77-92%); 2) high risk of recurrence: regression < or = 50% and @entity5 : 44 (19%) @entity1 , 2-year local control probability: 27% (13-41%); 3) intermediate risk of recurrence: 78 (34.5%) @entity1 , 2-year local control probability: 69% (58-80%). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that @entity5 regression during external radiotherapy is an independent predictive factor of local control in @entity135 .

title: Prognostic value of @entity5 regression during radiotherapy for XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'laryngeal tumor', 'T3-T4 nonlaryngeal tumors', 'tumors', 'nonlaryngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinomas']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: To determine whether a @entity353 would be associated with a rise in serum @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ) @entity597 in @entity2690 -resistant @entity1 , 29 middle-aged (30-59 yr old) and 28 elderly (60-80 yr old) @entity101 @entity1 were enrolled into a single blind, placebo-controlled study, in which @entity19879 was administered to improve @entity2690 sensitivity and reduce circulating @entity2690 . @entity1 in each age group received either @entity19879 (150 mg) or placebo three times daily for 6 weeks, and @entity4053 serum @entity2690 , @entity413 , @entity2494 , @entity9027 , and @entity701 were determined before and after treatment. @entity413 tolerance was also assessed by an oral @entity413 tolerance test. @entity19879 treatment lowered @entity551 and improved @entity413 tolerance in both age groups. In middle-aged @entity1 , @entity19879 (n = 12) reduced both the area under the curve for @entity413 (AUCGLUCOSE; from 977 +/- 27 to 814 +/- 27 mmol/L.min; P = 0.0001) and the AUCINSULIN (from 78.1 +/- 7.9 to 44.5 +/- 5.7 nmol/L.min; P < 0.0001) during the oral @entity413 tolerance test. In elderly @entity1 , @entity19879 (n = 15) also reduced both the AUCGLUCOSE (from 1100 +/- 60 to 864 +/- 26 mmol/L.min; P < 0.0001) and the AUCINSULIN (from 88.9 +/- 5.6 to 44.8 +/- 5.8 nmol/L.min; P < 0.0001). Concurrent with the @entity353 , @entity19879 treatment was associated with rises in both serum @entity9027 and unconjugated @entity2494 . In middle-aged men, serum @entity9027 and @entity2494 rose from 6.80 +/- 0.75 to 10.52 +/- 1.02 mumol/L (P < 0.015) and from 13.69 +/- 1.95 to 22.78 +/- 2.90 nmol/L (P < 0.03), respectively. In elderly men, serum @entity9027 and @entity2494 rose from 5.16 +/- 0.67 to 8.36 +/- 1.21 mumol/L (P < 0.015) and from 8.47 +/- 0.99 to 22.61 +/- 3.24 nmol/L (P < 0.0005), respectively. In neither middle-aged nor elderly men did serum @entity701 change with @entity19879 treatment. Neither @entity413 tolerance nor serum @entity2494 , @entity9027 , or @entity701 levels changed in either middle-aged (n = 17) or elderly (n = 13) @entity1 treated with placebo. We conclude that @entity19879 treatment lowers blood pressure, improves @entity413 tolerance, reduces the @entity413 -stimulated @entity2690 response, and increases serum @entity2494 and @entity9027 in both middle-aged and elderly @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity2690 reduction with @entity19879 on serum @entity2494 ( @entity2494 ), @entity9027 , and blood pressure in @entity101 middle-aged and elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in insulinemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2494 :: ('MESH:D003687', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA', 'dehydroepiandrosterone']

entities_list: @entity19879 :: ('MESH:C001584', 'Chemical') :: ['benfluorex', 'Benfluorex']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9027 :: ('MESH:D019314', 'Chemical') :: ['DHEA sulfate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic and systolic blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: @entity5 is regarded as the result of the accumulation of multiple genetic changes leading to either the activation of oncogenes and increased expression of mitogenic pathways or the inactivation of @entity5 suppressor genes. It was our interest to investigate malignant @entity43 with cytogenetic and molecular techniques to evaluate their consistent genetic alterations. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 30 short-term cultured @entity43 . Fifteen @entity5 revealed @entity2008 , 10 of which had very complex karyotypes. The most consistent finding was a 19p+ marker chromosome which was present in half of the cytogenetically abnormal @entity5 with @entity2008 . Four @entity5 showed structural rearrangements resulting in loss of 11p13-pter material. Parallel DNA extracts from 18 @entity5 samples and corresponding normal white blood cells were analyzed by Southern blotting using 4 polymorphic probes spanning the region 11p15.1 to 11p15.5 and one polymorphic probe mapped to 19p13. Regarding the 11p probes, reduction to homozygosity in the @entity5 DNA was found in 9 of 17 informative cases. Loss of 19p alleles was found in 5 of 13 informative @entity5 . Our findings suggest that @entity5 suppressor genes located on the short arms of chromosomes 11 and 19 are involved in the development of @entity1 @entity43 .

title: Recurrent XXXX and loss of constitutional heterozygosity in @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal cytogenetic abnormalities', 'complex chromosome aberrations']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian cancer']

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['cytogenetic aberrations']