abstract: BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous (AV) @entity292 are the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis @entity1 , but only about 20% of hemodialysis @entity1 in the United States dialyze with @entity292 . There is little information known about the factors associated with this low prevalence of @entity292 . METHODS: Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent contribution of factors associated with AV @entity292 use among @entity1 enrolled in the HEMO Study. The analysis was conducted in 1824 @entity1 with @entity292 or grafts at 45 dialysis units (15 clinical centers). RESULTS: Thirty-four percent of the @entity1 had @entity292 . The prevalence of @entity292 varied markedly from 4 to 77% among the individual dialysis units (P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed five demographic and clinical factors that were each independently associated with a lower likelihood of having a @entity292 , even after adjustment for dialysis unit. Specifically, the prevalence of @entity292 was lower in females than males [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.37, 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.48], lower in @entity1 with @entity1095 than in those without (AOR 0.55, 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.79), lower in blacks than in non-blacks (AOR 0.64, 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.89), lower in @entity28 @entity1 (AOR per 5 kg/m(2) body mass index, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.87), and lower in older @entity1 (AOR per 10 years, 0.85, 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.94). The differences in the prevalence of @entity292 among the dialysis units remained statistically significant (P < 0.001) after adjustment for these demographic and clinical factors. Finally, there were substantial variations in the prevalence of @entity292 even among dialysis units in a single metropolitan area. CONCLUSIONS: Future efforts to increase the prevalence of @entity292 in hemodialysis @entity1 should be directed at both hemodialysis units and @entity1 subpopulations with a low @entity292 prevalence.

title: Factors associated with the prevalence of arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis XXXX in the HEMO study. Hemodialysis (HEMO) Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIM: The effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of @entity125 and @entity126 on cell proliferation and downstream signaling pathways in @entity1778 cells were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity981 ( @entity11511 ) cell lines and two @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) cell lines were transfected with siRNAs targeting @entity125 and @entity126 . The effects of knockdown on cell proliferation and protein expression were examined by colorimetric WST-8 assay and immunoblotting, respectively. RESULTS: In @entity11511 cell lines, @entity125 knockdown as well as @entity126 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) protein expression was down-regulated in @entity125 -knockdown cells but not affected in @entity126 -knockdown cells. In @entity3052 cell lines, cell proliferation was not significantly affected by NOTCH siRNAs. @entity126 knockdown increased the level of cleaved @entity125 fragment without increasing @entity125 expression. NOTCH knockdown reduced the level of mechanistic target of @entity3446 ( @entity3470 ) protein in the @entity9020 cell line THP-1. Contrastingly, NOTCH activation by NOTCH ligand stimulation increased the expression of @entity3470 in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION: These novel findings on NOTCH signaling may contribute to the development of effective NOTCH-targeted therapies against @entity1778 .

title: NOTCH knockdown affects the proliferation and XXXX signaling of @entity1778 cells.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity9020 :: ('MESH:D007948', 'Disease') :: ['monoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: Bulbar and pseudobulbar symptoms are diagnostic criteria of @entity746 ( @entity746 ). One of the earliest symptoms of bulbar involvement is @entity1740 . Until now voice assessment in @entity746 @entity1 has been done mainly by perceptual analysis. The objective parameters, including acoustic measures, one aerodynamic measure and the maximal phonation time, have been measured only in a few small series of @entity1 . The first purpose of this prospective study was to determine which vocal parameters discriminate @entity746 @entity1 with bulbar involvement from control @entity1 . The second was to identify sensitive parameters for early @entity1740 due to bulbar involvement in pre-symptomatic @entity746 @entity1 . The voices of 63 female @entity746 @entity1 , including 40 with bulbar symptoms (sALS @entity1 ) and 23 without bulbar symptoms (aALS @entity1 ), were studied using an objective voice analysis system that allows simultaneous analysis of acoustic and aerodynamic parameters. Measurements were compared with those obtained in 40 normal female subjects (control @entity1 ). Five of eight acoustic parameters were significantly different among the three groups: jitter, coefficient of variation for frequency, shimmer, number of harmonics, and maximum phonatory frequency range. Three aerodynamic parameters, phonatory airflow, cycle-to-cycle variation for phonatory airflow, and coefficient of variation for phonatory airflow were significantly different between sALS @entity1 and control @entity1 . No aerodynamic parameter allowed discrimination between aALS @entity1 and control @entity1 . This study shows that acoustic parameters are more sensitive than aerodynamic parameters for early detection of bulbar involvement. Nevertheless, the measurements used can predict bulbar involvement in 73% of those in the sALS group, but only in 52% of those in the aALS group.

title: Quantitative voice analysis in the assessment of bulbar involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['detection of voice deterioration', 'voice deterioration']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of two different perioperative insulin management regimes on @entity1 undergoing either major surgery (vascular surgery) or minor surgery (vitrectomy). DESIGN: Prospective, double-blind randomized trial. @entity1 : 48 insulin-treated type 2 diabetics aged 18 to 85 years were studied. SETTING: University medical center. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were divided into four groups of 12 @entity1 each: Groups A and B (major surgery), Groups C and D (minor surgery). Group A and C @entity1 were treated with a continuous modified @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 infusion according to blood @entity413 levels after intubation. @entity1 assigned to Groups B and D were treated with intermittent intravenous (IV) insulin injections when @entity413 levels exceeded 12 mmol L(-1). MEASUREMENTS: @entity413 and @entity972 levels were measured every 15 minutes and 30 minutes during surgery and up to 4 hours post-surgery. Plasma levels of @entity880 , @entity701 , @entity653 , and free @entity1718 were measured in arterial samples after intubation (S1), after extubation (S2), and 4 hours after surgery (S3). MAIN RESULTS: There were no significant differences of the @entity1 characteristics among the four groups. There was no significant difference in the time course of plasma @entity413 levels and hormone variables measured among the four groups. One episode of @entity4854 in Group D during the postoperative period was treated with 12 IV units of insulin. One @entity1 in Group A and one in Group B received @entity972 intraoperatively (15 and 29 mmoL, respectively). Postoperatively, two other @entity1 of Group A received 19 and 12,5 mmoL, respectively, and one of Group B received 20 mmoL @entity972 . CONCLUSIONS: Both regimens resulted in relatively stable and comparable blood @entity413 levels throughout the perioperative period of the minor and major surgeries without differences in metabolic control as measured by levels of @entity880 , @entity701 , @entity653 and free @entity1718 . Simplicity would favor the intermittent regimen to manage insulin treated type 2 diabetics.

title: Comparison of a continuous @entity413 -insulin- @entity972 infusion versus intermittent bolus application of insulin on perioperative XXXX control and hormone status in insulin-treated type 2 diabetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: To evaluate the outcome of @entity3726 chemotherapy and radiotherapy in Stage IE and IIE nasal natural killer (NK)/ @entity784 , 53 @entity1 with stage IE and IIE nasal NK/ @entity784 were studied. By the Ann Arbor Lymphoma Staging Classification, 41 @entity1 (77%) had Stage IE disease and 12 @entity1 (23%) had @entity5 . All @entity1 were treated curatively using chemotherapy, followed by radiotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of up to six cycles of the standard @entity3726 based regimen. The median radiation dose to the @entity5 bed was 45 Gy for all @entity1 . The median follow-up for all 39 surviving @entity1 was 30.2 months (range, 6 - 104 months). Twenty-six @entity1 had complete response after chemotherapy, and all @entity1 who completed first line chemotherapy achieved complete response after radiotherapy. The 2-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 75.6% and 61.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that perforation as a presenting symptom, elevated pretreatment serum @entity880 dehydrogenase level, and ECOG performance status >or=2 were significant independent prognostic factors for this group of @entity1 . Combined chemotherapy followed by involved field radiation produced suboptimal outcome for @entity1 with early stage nasal NK/ @entity784 . Further investigations, preferably prospective clinical trials, for more efficacious treatment strategies are needed to improve the treatment outcome of this malignancy.

title: Combined chemotherapy and external beam radiation for stage IE and IIE natural killer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Stage IIE disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma of nasal cavity']


abstract: To evaluate the risk of @entity99 and arterial @entity551 in cirrhotic @entity1 after acute administration of @entity14081 , a @entity1246 mimetic drug used in the weaned alcoholic, a randomized double-blind trial was conducted in 24 cirrhotic @entity1 with low or moderate @entity7752 (Pugh grade A or B). Twelve @entity1 received 666 mg (2 tablets) of @entity14081 and 12 received placebo. The 2 groups were similar before treatment, except for a male predominance in the @entity14081 group. Tested parameters were the @entity7286 latency of visual evoked potentials using a checkerboard pattern reversal as stimulus, the number connection test and the arterial blood pressure in upright and recumbent positions. The two first parameters were studied before and 2 hours after treatment. Blood pressure was recorded every half hour during 6 hours. No significant effect on the development of subclinical @entity99 was noted. Nevertheless, even if some authors disagree with the @entity1246 hypothesis of @entity99 , it is possible that the dose was too low to induce subclinical @entity99 . A study with more prolonged treatment could be necessary to be sure of the drug's safety in these @entity1 . On the other hand, a transient @entity551 was observed without significant systolic blood pressure modification. These results suggest that a moderate dose of @entity14081 does not induce subclinical @entity75 , but transient diastolic @entity551 .

title: [Effect of acute administration of @entity14081 on the risk of @entity75 and on arterial pressure in XXXX with alcoholic cirrhosis].

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity7752 :: ('MESH:D048550', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'decrease of diastolic arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity14081 :: ('MESH:C043877', 'Chemical') :: ['acamprosate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To examine the action of @entity1881 on high energy @entity1391 compounds, a 31P-NMR technique was applied to perfused Langendorff @entity35 hearts. @entity35 were treated with @entity4793 (25 mg/kg body wt i.p.) for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, the @entity35 hearts were isolated for the Langendorff experiment. After 30 min of global @entity63 the NMR signals of @entity1734 and @entity855 in @entity1562 disappeared, and then recovered slightly in the reperfusion following @entity63 . However, in the @entity4793 -treated @entity35 hearts, the restoration of high energy @entity1391 compounds occurred quickly after the beginning of reperfusion, although there was no significant difference in the destruction of high energy @entity1391 compounds during the @entity63 . The @entity1881 level in the @entity1562 was severely depleted by @entity63 -reperfusion. In the @entity1881 -treated animals, the @entity1881 level in @entity1562 was still significantly higher than the control level at the end of 30 min of global @entity63 . The heart mitochondrial respiratory function was simultaneously protected against @entity63 -reperfusion injury. The role of @entity1881 was discussed as a radical scavenger and membrane stabilizer against @entity26 stress.

title: Effect of @entity1881 on high energy @entity1391 metabolite levels in XXXX heart by 31P-NMR using a Langendorff perfusion technique.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1881 :: ('MESH:D024502', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-tocopherol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol', 'tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Infection of plants with pathogens leads not only to the induction of defence reactions but also to changes in @entity1735 metabolism. In this study, the effects of @entity281 by a virulent and an avirulent strain of @entity3437 on spatio-temporal changes in photosynthesis were compared using @entity38 fluorescence imaging. The maximum PSII quantum yield, effective PSII quantum yield and nonphotochemical quenching were decreased in @entity958 leaves infected with either strain. At the same time, the quantum yield of nonregulated energy dissipation was increased. These changes could be detected by @entity38 fluorescence imaging before symptoms were visible by eye. The effects were restricted to the vicinity of the @entity281 site and did not spread to uninfected areas of the leaf. Qualitatively similar changes in photosynthetic parameters were observed in both interactions. Major differences between the responses to both strains were evident in the onset and time course of changes. A decrease in photosynthesis was detectable already at 3 h only after challenge with the avirulent strain while after 48 h the rate of photosynthesis was lower with the virulent strain. In contrast to photosynthesis, the regulation of marker genes for source/sink relations and the activities of invertase isoenzymes showed qualitative differences between both interactions. Inoculation of the virulent but not the avirulent strain resulted in downregulation of photosynthetic genes and upregulation of vacuolar invertases. The activity of vacuolar invertases transiently increased upon @entity281 with the virulent strain but decreased with the avirulent strain while extracellular invertase activity was downregulated in both interactions.

title: Infection with virulent and avirulent XXXX strains differentially affects photosynthesis and sink metabolism in @entity958 leaves.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophyll']

answer: @entity3437 :: (317,Species) :: ['P. syringae']


abstract: Thrombi found in the deep thigh veins of postoperative total hip or knee arthroplasty @entity1 were followed prospectively by repeat venous ultrasonography to determine the efficacy and appropriate duration of anticoagulation therapy. Forty-four @entity1 who had 47 proximal vein thrombi (femoral or popliteal) were treated with heparin or @entity1229 or both. Thirteen @entity1 had two or more and 34 had a single follow-up venous ultrasound scan. The last follow-up scan was done at an average of seven weeks after the @entity715 was diagnosed. Thirty-four thrombi (72%) had lysed at that time. Twelve thrombi (26%) were smaller or unchanged in size. One @entity715 propagated and later embolized despite the use of heparin and @entity1229 . Forty-five percent (21 of 47) of the thrombi had lysed within six weeks of the initiation of anticoagulation therapy. The results of this study indicate that the standard duration of anticoagulation therapy for postoperative proximal @entity1150 of three months may be excessively long for half of these @entity1 . The use of follow-up venous ultrasound scanning to determine when it is appropriate to terminate anticoagulation therapy is a logical clinical management strategy.

title: The resolution of XXXX that occurs after total joint arthroplasty. A study of thrombi treated with anticoagulation and observed by repeat venous ultrasound scans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep venous thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some of the poor functional outcomes of knee arthroplasty may be due to @entity158 in the contralateral, unreplaced knee. We investigated the relationship between the @entity158 status of the contralateral knee and the risk of a poor postoperative functional outcome in @entity1 who underwent knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We analyzed data on 271 @entity1 in the Multicenter @entity571 Study who had undergone knee arthroplasty since the time of enrollment. Eighty-six percent of these @entity1 were white, 72% were female, and the mean age was sixty-seven years. The severity of @entity158 in the knee contralateral to the one that was replaced was measured before the knee arthroplasty with use of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index (WOMAC) @entity158 scale, with the scores being grouped into four categories (0, 1 to 4, 5 to 9, and 10 to 20). Poor post-arthroplasty function six months or more after surgery was determined with use of the @entity1 Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) outcome tool and a clinical performance measure of walking speed. We evaluated the relationship between @entity158 severity and the functional outcomes with use of Poisson regression. RESULTS: Seventy-two (27%) of 264 @entity1 demonstrated poor post-arthroplasty function by failing to attain the threshold PASS score, and seventy-six (30%) of 250 subjects had a slow walking speed. As the @entity158 in the contralateral knee increased, there was a steady increase in the proportion with poor post-arthroplasty function (p < 0.0001 for PASS and p = 0.04 for slow walking speed). Compared with @entity1 who had no @entity158 in the contralateral knee, those in the highest category of @entity158 severity had 4.1 times the risk (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 11.5) of having poor self-reported post-arthroplasty function. @entity1 in whom both knees had been replaced at the time of outcome collection were less likely to have poor self-reported function than those in whom only one knee had been replaced. CONCLUSIONS: @entity158 in the contralateral knee is strongly associated with self-reported post-arthroplasty functional outcome and may therefore be a useful indicator of prognosis or a potential target of perioperative intervention. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: The influence of the contralateral knee prior to knee arthroplasty on post-arthroplasty function: the multicenter XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pre-arthroplasty pain', 'contralateral pain', 'pain', 'preoperative pain', 'Preoperative pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although radiosensitive, spinal locations of Ewing's @entity242 are challenging for the radiation oncologist due to poor radiation tolerance of the spinal cord. However, some favorable anatomical compartments - that may represent more than 20% - were associated with a better outcome and could benefit from a radiation dose escalation using the most recent radiation therapy techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a dose escalation study on one @entity1 , declined in two scenarios: (1) a @entity5 located within a single vertebral body and (2) a locally advanced disease involving the vertebral foramen and paraspinal soft tissues. Five dose-levels are proposed: 44.8Gy, 54.4Gy, 59.2Gy, 65.6Gy and 70.4Gy (1.6Gy per session, 8Gy per week). The 3D-conformational technique is compared with static intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), helical tomotherapy, @entity34 ( @entity34 ), stereotactic body robotic radiation therapy (SBRT) and protontherapy (passive scattering). Two constraints had to be respected in order to skip to the next level: the planned target volume ( @entity343 ) coverage must exceed 95% and the D(2%) on the spinal cord shall not exceed a given constraint set at 50Gy in case 1 and 44Gy in case 2 due to initial neurological sufferance. RESULTS: Only protontherapy, SBRT, helical tomotherapy and @entity34 appear able to reach the last dose level while respecting the constraints in case 1. On the other hand, only helical tomotherapy seems capable of reaching 59.2Gy on the @entity343 in case 2. CONCLUSION: With the most recent radiation therapy techniques, it becomes possible to deliver up to 70.4Gy in a favorable compartment in this sham @entity1 . Unfavorable compartments can receive up to 59.2Gy. Definitive radiation therapy may be an interesting local treatment option to be validated in an early phase trial.

title: [Localized Ewing sarcoma of the spine: a preliminary dose-escalation study comparing innovative radiation techniques in a single XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['VMAT', 'volumetric modulated arc therapy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity1687 is caused by mutations to genes that encode proteins critical to intracellular lipid homeostasis. The events underlying @entity1687 progressive @entity179 are poorly understood but include neurofibrillary tangles of the type found in @entity195 . Here we investigated possible contributions of a @entity4357 -3 kinase cascade [PI3K, @entity1994 , @entity6913 ( @entity6913 )] that is linked to apoptosis and various degenerative conditions. Brain concentrations of phosphorylated @entity1994 , which phosphorylates and inactivates @entity6913 , were significantly elevated in @entity30385 -/- @entity19 relative to @entity30385 +/+ @entity19 . Accordingly, levels of inactive @entity6913 were 50 to 100% higher in mutant brains than in controls. Increases in inactive @entity6913 occurred early in postnatal development, well before neuronal loss, and were most prominent in structures with intracellular @entity165 accumulation, suggesting a contribution to subsequent degeneration. Perturbations of @entity1991 , which is regulated by @entity6913 , occurred in @entity30385 -/- @entity19 brains. Nuclear concentrations and DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB's transactivation subunit, @entity1992 , were significantly reduced in @entity30385 -/- @entity19 compared to @entity30385 +/+ @entity19 . Cytoplasmic levels of the @entity1991 subunit and its precursor, @entity1991 , were higher in @entity30385 -/- @entity19 . These results suggest that excessive activity in the PI3K- @entity1994 pathway depresses @entity6913 , thereby disrupting the formation and/or nuclear import of @entity1991 / @entity1992 dimers and contributing to @entity528 .

title: Deregulation of the @entity4357 -3 kinase signaling cascade is associated with XXXX in @entity30385 -/- @entity19 brain.

entities_list: @entity6913 :: ('56637(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GSK-3beta', 'glycogen synthase kinase-3beta']

entities_list: @entity1687 :: ('MESH:D052556', 'Disease') :: ['NPC', 'Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The modified Harada-Ito procedure has been reported to be an effective treatment for correction of cyclotorsion in @entity6125 . However, there are no reports regarding its use in intraoperative adjustable suture surgery. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective study of 12 @entity1 with traumatic @entity6125 who were classified as having either symmetric or asymmetric palsy according to the symmetry of the alternate hyperdeviation on side gazes. Cyclotorsion and vertical and horizontal deviation in the nine diagnostic positions were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 12 @entity1 , 6 were determined to have symmetric palsy and 6 asymmetric palsy. Intraoperative adjustable suture surgery with the modified Harada-Ito procedure was performed bilaterally in the six @entity1 with symmetric palsy and unilaterally in those with asymmetric palsy. The median measured value of extorsion in the primary position was reduced from 14.5 degrees to 2.5 degrees in @entity1 with symmetric palsy and from 9.5 degrees to 2.0 degrees in those with asymmetric palsy. In downgaze, some degree of residual extorsion remained, and there was no significant change in @entity5971 after surgery. In five @entity1 with symmetric palsy and in all of those with asymmetric palsy, normal single binocular vision in the primary position but did not that in downgaze was restored after surgery. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative adjustable suture surgery is an effective treatment in correcting torsion, but may not be as effective for @entity5971 in downgaze.

title: Intraoperative adjustable suture surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6125 :: ('MESH:D020432', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral superior oblique palsy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esodeviation']

answer: @entity6125 :: (MESH:D020432,Disease) :: ['bilateral superior oblique palsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between invasive @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and high risk @entity1082 (HR-HPV) (viral load and type 16), along with other gynecological and socioeconomic factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Individually matched case-control study (215 @entity1 with invasive @entity5 and 420 controls). The study population was recruited between 2000 and 2001. A set of variables traditionally linked with @entity5 (gynecological and socioeconomic factors) and two variables related to @entity281 (viral load and type 16) were assessed. Hybrid Capture II was used to detect HR-HPV DNA. Viral load was measured by light measurements expressed as relative light units (RLU) and they were categorized for analysis into four groups: negative (< 1 RLU), low viral load (1-49 RLU), middle load (50-499 RLU) and high load (>499 RLU). The analysis included univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques being the final step the estimation of Odds Ratios (OR) by means of conditional logistic regression models. Results. The probability of having invasive @entity5 was 78 times higher in @entity1 with @entity1083 . Risk increases with HPV type 16 (OR = 429.7) as compared with other types of HR-HPV (OR = 64.1). An important trend was observed with the increase of the viral load (from 46.6 with low viral load; to 250.7 with intermediate and 612.9 with high load). The findings also indicate significant diferences in the viral load between cases and controls according to age groups and HR-HPV types (16 versus others high risk types). Finally, the partner-demographic and obstetrical variables related to the disease increased the risk of invasive @entity5 . No association between @entity5 and smoking was observed in this population. CONCLUSIONS: This study helps in identifying @entity1 at higher risk of developing invasive @entity5 as a subset of those @entity1 infected with HR-HPV. The findings point strongly to the importance of the viral load in HR-HPV as a co-factor in the development of this disease. This biomarker contributes to improving the prevention and early detection of this disease and also to identify @entity1 at higher risk who carry a high viral load of HR-HPV.

title: [Risk factors in invasive cervical cancer among Mexican XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['CC', 'Cervical Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['infection of HR-HPV']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human PapillomaVirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: We have examined in conscious @entity95 the chronic effects of @entity2955 ( @entity2955 )-induced local lesions of the spinal @entity1063 (NA) pathways on (i) resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), (ii) the nasopharyngeal pressor response, (iii) the sympathetic component of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (iv) the acute responses to intracisternal (i.c.) @entity1338 and @entity12833 (alpha- @entity601 ), and (v) the acute NA release response produced by i.e. @entity2955 . One month after injection of @entity2955 (40 nmol in 4 microliters) into the first cervical spinal cord segment (C1), the NA content was reduced to 29% in C2, 45% in T4 and 61% in L3 with little non-specific damage. Basal MAP was 14% higher (P less than 0.05) than in sham-operated @entity95 suggesting increased vasoconstrictor tone. Basal cardiac sympathetic tone was enhanced, but a corresponding increase in cardiac vagal tone resulted in little net effect on resting HR in the spinal NA-depleted group. Spinal NA lesions attenuated the nasopharyngeal pressor reflex by 27% in baroreceptor-intact @entity95 and by 38% in @entity2333 ( @entity2333 ) animals. The lesion did not affect HR range, gain and BP50 of the sympathetic baroreflex. In @entity2333 @entity95 , the acute MAP responses to i.c. @entity2955 (early @entity551 , late @entity101 ) were not affected by spinal NA depletion, but the early fall in HR (cardiac sympathetic inhibition) was abolished. The @entity551 produced by i.c. @entity1338 or alpha- @entity601 was not affected by the lesion, probably because many of the NA terminals in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar cord were still intact. Our results suggest that intraspinal NA fibers have a tonic inhibitory action on spinal preganglionic vasoconstrictor and cardiac motoneurons. The spinal NA neurons affecting vasomotor tone (but not cardiac sympathetic tone) are in turn inhibited by higher vasomotor centers receiving projections from the arterial and trigeminal afferents and thereby participate in vasoconstrictor reflexes.

title: Importance of spinal noradrenergic pathways in cardiovascular reflexes and central actions of @entity1338 and @entity12833 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity12833 :: ('MESH:D008750', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-methyldopa']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['SAD', 'sino-aortically denervated']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: A 28-year-old female @entity1 came to our hospital 14 years after surgical correction of adolescent @entity2112 with a 316L stainless-steel instrumentation. She presented progressive @entity1746 during the last 2 months. Plain radiography, computed tomography scan and computed tomography-scan-guided needle biopsy revealed that a metallotic mass penetrated into the spinal canal, causing compression of the spinal cord at the T5-T6 level. The @entity1 's symptoms were related to corrosion of the implant and infection by @entity5478 . Through a posterior approach, the instrumentation was retrieved and the metallotic mass and tissues were excised. Six months after the surgery, the @entity1 is completely asymptomatic. Corrosion of stainless-steel implants is a finding more common than supposed. Biocorrosion--or microbially influenced corrosion--is a concept to be taken into account. It is possible that bacteria may modify the rate of corrosion of metals. Early diagnosis of corrosion is essential in order to prevent cases like the one we report, and perhaps, as suggested for total hip arthroplasties, metal levels could be useful to monitor spinal implants.

title: Corrosion and late infection causing delayed XXXX after spinal instrumentation.

entities_list: @entity2112 :: ('MESH:C564593', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity5478 :: ('1747', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium acnes']

answer: @entity1746 :: (MESH:D020335,Disease) :: ['paraparesis']


abstract: Abstract Background: A microdeletion in the chromosome 22q11.2 ( @entity2418 or @entity2418 ) is the most common @entity1 deletion syndrome. @entity1 with 22q11.2 deletion may have a wide range of ocular findings but severe @entity2194 is uncommon. Here, we describe a 2-year-old @entity1 who had @entity851 , @entity245 , @entity8 , @entity1757 and severe @entity735 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systemic and ocular findings and cranial magnetic resonance imaging study results were reviewed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed on his peripheral blood. RESULTS: The @entity1 presented with the oculodigital sign. On examination, he had severe @entity4353 with no light perception and his left eye could not fix and follow. The left eye had @entity1347 , mild @entity46622 , @entity2687 and @entity46623 . Systemic findings included @entity851 , @entity4242 , @entity4239 , @entity1757 , @entity118 and @entity8 . Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of this @entity1 was significant for a heterozygous deletion covering @entity2418 critical region 2 and spanning a 250   kb region in the 22q11.2 locus. CONCLUSION: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome may be associated with severe @entity735 including @entity4353 , @entity46622 , @entity2687 , @entity1347 and @entity46623 . @entity2687 might have resulted from the oculodigital phenomenon or increased intraocular pressure.

title: A case of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome with XXXX and left @entity2687 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular involvement']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation', 'growth deficiency']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['right renal agenesis']

entities_list: @entity4239 :: ('MESH:D008844', 'Disease') :: ['micrognathia']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia', 'right microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral ocular malformations', 'bilateral ocular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity46622 :: ('MESH:C565209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerocornea']

entities_list: @entity46623 :: ('MESH:C537786', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aphakia']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal staphyloma', 'Corneal staphyloma']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['DiGeorge', 'velocardiofacial syndrome']

answer: @entity4353 :: (MESH:D008850,Disease) :: ['right microphthalmia']


abstract: @entity7970 is a nonspecific protective agent for biomacromolecules. @entity45021 synthase (OtsA)/phosphatase (OtsB), which is encoded by the gene operon otsBA located at -42 of the @entity526 genome, is the main enzyme system that catalyzes the synthesis of @entity7970 in @entity526 . We cloned the operon and modified it by directed evolution. Unlike in the previously reported work, we modified the whole operon and screened the positive mutant simultaneously. Thus we believe that the gene complex solves the negative effects between two enzymes if one of them diversifies its structure or functions and finds the form most suitable for @entity7970 synthesis. It thus mimics the natural process, in which the functional improvement of organisms is related to alterations in coordinated enzymes. The evolution procedure was carried out in a sequence of error-prone PCR, shuffling PCR, and then strict screening of the mutants. After screening of a library of more than 4000 colonies, about 15 positive colonies were analyzed, resulting in a higher concentration of @entity7970 than control. One of them, @entity526 TS7, shows 12.3-fold higher @entity7970 synthesis ability than @entity27600 alpha. In contrast, we introduced the cDNA sequence of the @entity18937 gene from @entity375 , which has 54% identity with the gene otsA, as one of the templates in shuffling PCR. By hybrid evolution and screening, we obtained 10 positive colonies with higher concentrations of @entity7970 than control. @entity526 TS22 appears to have 5.3-fold higher @entity7970 synthesis ability than @entity27600 alpha and 1.6-fold more than @entity526 DEF3(pOTS11). This result demonstrated that coevolution and hybrid evolution, as powerful protocols in protein engineering, are effective in modifying enzyme. It indicates that repeating the process of genomic evolution in nature is feasible.

title: Directed evolution of operon of XXXX synthase/phosphatase from @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose', 'Trehalose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity45021 :: ('MESH:C082722', 'Chemical') :: ['Trehalose-6-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity45021 :: (MESH:C082722,Chemical) :: ['trehalose-6-phosphate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of @entity565 and @entity2490 is high in childhood and has been increasing in the last few years. In both diseases underdiagnosis is frequent. OBJECTIVE: To asses the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity2490 in childhood. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study using a written questionnaire, following the methodology of the International Study of @entity566 in Childhood (ISAAC), on the prevalence of symptoms of @entity565 and @entity2490 in La Coru  a. RESULTS: A total of 3017 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 6-7 years old (response rate 73.9 %) and 2981 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 13-14 years old (response rate 93.6 %) were included. The prevalence of "wheezing at some time" was 25.3 % in adolescents aged 13-14 years old and was 37.2 % in @entity1 aged 6-7 years. The prevalence of " @entity565 at some time" was 18.5 % in adolescents and 13.7 % in @entity1 . The prevalence of " @entity2490 at some time" was 30.4 % in the group aged 6-7 years and 47.3 % in the group of adolescents. The prevalence of @entity2490 was highest in autumn. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity565 and @entity2490 is high in our population and is higher than that observed in most Spanish populations studied.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX and @entity2490 in A Coru  a (Spain)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['Asthma and Allergies']

entities_list: @entity2490 :: ('MESH:D012220', 'Disease') :: ['rhinitis', 'rhinitis symptoms']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since its introduction by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the ventilator bundle (VB) has been credited with a @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ). The VB consists of stress @entity1066 , @entity1150 prophylaxis, head-of-bed elevation, and daily sedation vacation with weaning assessment. While there is little compelling evidence that the VB is effective, it has been widely accepted. The Centers for Medical and Medicaid Services has suggested that @entity2489 should be a "never event" and may reduce payment to providers. To provide evidence of its efficacy, the National @entity130 Institute organized a prospective multi-institutional trial to evaluate the utility of the VB. METHODS: This prospective observational multi-institutional study included six Level I @entity130 centers. Entry criteria required at least 2 days of mechanical ventilation of @entity130 @entity1 in an intensive care unit (ICU). @entity1 were followed up daily in the ICU until the development of @entity2489 , ICU discharge, or @entity204 . Compliance for each VB component was recorded daily, along with @entity1 risk factors and injury specifics. Primary outcomes were @entity2489 and @entity204 . VB compliance was analyzed as a time-dependent covariate using Cox regression as it relates to outcomes. RESULTS: A total 630 @entity1 were enrolled; 72% were male, predominately with @entity1913 ; and mean age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and 24-hour Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score were 47, 24, and 8.7, respectively. @entity2489 occurred in 36%; mortality was 15%. Logistic regression identified male sex and @entity358 as independent predictors of @entity2489 and age, ISS, and 24-hour Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation as independent predictors of @entity204 . Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the VB, as a time-dependent covariate, was not associated with @entity2489 prevention. CONCLUSION: In @entity130 @entity1 , @entity2489 is independently associated with male sex and @entity764 severity and not the VB. While quality improvement activities should continue efforts toward @entity2489 prevention, the Institute for Healthcare Improvement VB is not the answer. Financial penalties for @entity2489 and VB noncompliance are not warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level III.

title: National XXXX Institute prospective evaluation of the ventilator bundle in @entity130 @entity1 : does it really work?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer prophylaxis']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['VAP', 'reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary contusion']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: Sorption by active filter media can be a convenient option for @entity3151 (P) removal and recovery from wastewater for on-site treatment systems. There is a need for a robust laboratory method for the investigation of filter materials to enable a reliable estimation of their longevity. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate and (2) quantify the effect of hydraulic loading rate and influent source (secondary wastewater and synthetic @entity1391 solution) on P binding capacity determined in laboratory column tests and (3) to study how much time is needed for the P to react with the filter material (reaction time). To study the effects of these factors, a 2(2) factorial experiment with 11 filter columns was performed. The reaction time was studied in a batch experiment. Both factors significantly (a=0.05) affected the P binding capacity negatively, but the interaction of the two factors was not significant. Increasing the loading rate from 100 to 1200 L m(-2) d(-1) decreased P binding capacity from 1.152 to 0.070 g kg(-1) for wastewater filters and from 1.382 to 0.300 g kg(-1) for @entity1391 solution filters. At a loading rate of 100 L m(-2) d(-1), the average P binding capacity of wastewater filters was 1.152 g kg(-1) as opposed to 1.382 g kg(-1) for @entity1391 solution filters. Therefore, influent source or hydraulic loading rate should be carefully controlled in the laboratory. When @entity1391 solution and wastewater were used, the reaction times for the filters to remove P were determined to be 5 and 15 minutes, respectively, suggesting that a short residence time is required. However, breakthrough in this study occurred unexpectedly quickly, implying that more time is needed for the P that has reacted to be physically retained in the filter.

title: The effect of hydraulic loading rate and influent source on the binding capacity of XXXX filters.

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity3151 :: (MESH:D010758,Chemical) :: ['phosphorus']


abstract: From January 1984 to April 1988, we treated 20 @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and 2 @entity1 with @entity981 with a protocol which we modified L-10M of Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Since the median follow up time is now over 5 years, we report the most recent outcome. Thirteen @entity1 were male and 9 were female. The median age was 31, ranging from 15 to 71 years of age, and there were no Ph1 positive @entity1 . The complete remission (CR) rate was 81.8%. Median CR duration was 32 months and the 5-year continuous CR rate was 33.3%. No significant prognostic factor for CR rate was found. Age at achievement CR and duration were significant prognostic factors. The 5-year continuous CR rate of @entity1 below 35 years old was 54.5%. In this group the leukocyte count was a significant prognostic factor. All @entity1 with a leukocyte count above 1 x 10(4)/microliters relapsed. However, in @entity1 with a WBC below 1 x 10(4)/microliters, the 5-year continuous CR rate was 75%. Based on these results, it seems reasonable to treat @entity1 with @entity981 by different therapeutic strategies according to the risk factors.

title: [Treatment of XXXX in adults by the modified protocol of L-10M (Sloan-Kettering): long-term outcome].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['adult lymphoblastic leukemia', 'ALL', 'lymphoblastic lymphoma']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Non-traumatic @entity932 is a rare occurrence in @entity1 , with the most frequent etiology being @entity1462 . Our aim was to review the etiology and management of spontaneous @entity1779 in @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We have reviewed the @entity1 admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) with spontaneous @entity932 from 1980 to 1998. The etiology, symptoms and their clinical management were analyzed. RESULTS: Forty @entity1 with non-traumatic @entity932 were admitted during this time period. The mean age was 6.8 years and the male/female ratio was 2.4/1. This condition presented with a sudden onset in 83%. The most common form of presentation was @entity10 , @entity391 and altered consciousness. The most frequent etiology was @entity1462 (32.2%). Initial management was symptomatic and addressed the prevention or treatment of intracranial @entity101 and @entity410 . Mortality was 38% and there were sequelae in 35%. CONCLUSIONS: Management of critical non-traumatic @entity932 consists in preventing or treating cerebral @entity101 . The monitoring of intracranial pressure, jugular @entity26 saturation and transcranial Doppler allows an indirect measurement of cerebral blood flow. Prompt excision of the @entity1410 improves the outcome. In @entity1462 , @entity887 or radiosurgery are possible.

title: [Non-traumatic XXXX in childhood: etiology, clinical manifestations and management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular embolization']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations', 'vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['cerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: The costs of the operative treatment of @entity697 have to be verified under DRG conditions. Laparoscopic and open appendectomies in a 5-year-period were evaluated retrospectively. Analyses of costs of the year 2004 were performed according to the clinical automatic settlement (SAP / R3) in direct comparison to the data of 140 participating hospitals using the same software. In the 5-year-period 775 of 830 (91.8 %) appendectomies were started laparoscopically, in 68 cases the method was converted to the open surgical procedure. @entity260 required radiologic interventional treatment or reoperation in 4.2 % of the @entity1 . The arising costs in the own hospital and the 140 associated hospitals were defrayed only for 90 % by the DRG-payment system. The deficit for the DRG codes G 23 Z, G 22 Z and G 07 Z were 212 @entity7634 , 296 @entity7634 and 455 @entity7634 per case. Compensation of costs in clinical routine results from reduction of duration of @entity1 stay (162 @entity7634 per day) or avoidance of the laparoscopic procedure. The material costs of laparoscopic appendectomy are 4.3 times higher than the costs of the open conventional procedure (310 @entity7634 vs. 71 @entity7634 ). The clinical costs of appendectomy are not compensated by the DRG-System. The surgeon has to take into account the economic aspects of the intended operative procedure.

title: [Economic observations on the operative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We describe the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics and management of post "cut and sew" Maze @entity943 in symptomatic @entity1 . BACKGROUND: The Cox Maze procedure was developed as a surgical treatment of @entity955 . Until recently, invasive electrophysiologic studies in @entity1 with symptomatic post-operative @entity943 in this @entity1 population have not been described. METHODS: The management and clinical course of consecutive @entity1 with post-Maze @entity943 refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) between January 2000 and December 2003 are presented. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 (15 @entity1 ) presented 14 +/- 14 months after Maze surgery for treatment of @entity955 ( @entity955 ). Eight @entity1 underwent "cut and sew" Maze for lone @entity955 with no other surgical indication. Fifteen @entity1 underwent the "cut and sew" Maze procedure in addition to another surgical procedure: mitral valve surgery (11 @entity1 ) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (4 @entity1 ). Eight @entity1 (35%) had recurrent @entity955 secondary to recovered conduction around the lines encircling the pulmonary veins. Five @entity1 were documented to have focal @entity591 , which was mapped to the coronary sinus in 3 @entity1 , to the posterolateral right atrium in 1 @entity1 , and to the left atrial (LA) septum in 1 @entity1 . Four @entity1 had right atrium incisional @entity956 ( @entity956 ), and 6 had LA incisional @entity956 , which was mapped around the mitral valve annulus in 4 @entity1 and around the right pulmonary veins in 2 @entity1 . Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 were treated successfully with radiofrequency ablation. At 1-year follow-up, 19 @entity1 were @entity943 -free and taking no AADs. CONCLUSIONS: After surgical "cut and sew" Maze, approximately one-third of @entity1 experiencing @entity943 have @entity955 secondary to pulmonary vein-left atrium conduction recovery. Moreover, incisional @entity956 seems to be a common finding in this group of @entity1 . Catheter-based mapping and ablation of these @entity943 seems to be feasible and effective.

title: XXXX after surgical maze: findings during catheter ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter', 'AFL']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['Atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: 1. The present review focuses on the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of cardiac mitochondrial energy production in the developing heart and following the onset of pathological @entity1283 . Particular emphasis has been given to the mitochondrial @entity844 oxidation (FAO) pathway and its control by members of the nuclear receptor transcription factor superfamily. 2. During perinatal cardiac development, the heart undergoes a switch in energy substrate preference from @entity413 in the fetal period to @entity1718 following birth. This energy metabolic switch is paralleled by changes in the expression of the enzymes and protein involved in the respective pathways. 3. The postnatal activation of the mitochondrial energy production pathway involves the induced expression of nuclear genes encoding FAO enzymes, as well as other proteins important in mitochondrial energy transduction/production pathways. Recent evidence indicates that this postnatal gene regulatory effect involves the actions of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha ( @entity5601 ) and its coactivator the @entity6217 ( @entity6217 ). 4. The @entity6217 not only activates @entity5601 to induce FAO pathway enzymes in the postnatal heart, but it also plays a pivotal role in the control of cardiac mitochondrial number and function. Thus, @entity6217 plays a master regulatory role in the high-capacity mitochondrial energy production system in the adult @entity1 heart. 5. During the development of pathological forms of @entity1283 , such as that due to pressure overload, the myocardial energy substrate preference shifts back towards the fetal pattern, with a corresponding reduction in the expression of FAO enzyme genes. This metabolic shift is due to the deactivation of the @entity5601 / @entity6217 complex. 6. The deactivation of @entity5601 and @entity6217 during the development of @entity1283 involves regulation at several levels, including a reduction in the expression of these genes, as well as post-translational effects due to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Future studies aim at defining whether this transcriptional 'switch' and its effects on myocardial metabolism are adaptive or maladaptive in the @entity1184 heart.

title: Transcriptional activation of energy metabolic switches in the developing and XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophied']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity6217 :: ('10891', 'Gene') :: ['PGC-1', 'PPARgamma coactivator 1']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophied']


abstract: Several agents can reduce portal pressure in @entity1 with @entity101 . These drugs act in different ways and have different actions. Several hemodynamic investigations have elucidated the effects of beta-blockade on the splanchnic circulation. @entity1169 and other non-selective beta-blockers significantly decreased portal pressure in @entity1 with @entity82 . In some @entity1 , beta-blockers did not decrease portal pressure while cardiac output and azygos blood flow significantly decreased. The cause and severity of @entity82 do not influence the effects of beta-blockers. The efficacy of beta-blockers in the prevention of the first @entity360 is well established. Meta-analysis showed that among @entity1 receiving beta-blockers, 10 per cent bled 1 year after inclusion as against 30 per cent in the placebo group. A significant difference in survival rate was also observed between the two groups. The efficacy of beta-blockers in the prevention of recurrent @entity360 is variable; 5 trials showed a significant difference while 3 did not show any significant difference between @entity1 receiving beta-blockers and those receiving a placebo. Meta analysis showed a significant difference in the risk of rebleeding but did not show any difference in survival rate. Thus, beta-blockers reduce the degree of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity82 and decrease the risk of @entity360 in compliant @entity1 .

title: [Medical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['portal hypertension']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the delayed effects of an @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor on blood pressure and on structural and functional alterations in mesenteric small resistance arteries of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). The @entity1811 inhibitor @entity10959 (25 mg/kg/day) was administered according to three different schedules: in one group of SHR from 4 to 8 weeks of age (n = 12), in a second group from 8 to 12 weeks of age (n = 15), and in a third group from 4 to 12 weeks of age (n = 12). Eighteen untreated SHR and 18 untreated @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 served as controls. About half the animals in each group were killed at 13 weeks of age, and the remaining were killed at 38 weeks of age. After death, relative left ventricular mass (left ventricular weight/body weight) was calculated. Vascular morphology (media:lumen ratio) and function (responses to @entity1063 and @entity934 ) in mesenteric small resistance arteries were then assessed using a micromyographic technique. Short-term @entity10959 , given either before or after the development of @entity101 , persistently reduced (but did not normalize) systolic blood pressure, vascular structural alterations, and reactivity to @entity1063 in mesenteric resistance arteries in SHR. These favorable effects were maintained at least for 26 to 30 weeks after treatment withdrawal. The endothelium-dependent vasodilator response to @entity934 was improved at 13 but not at 38 weeks of age, in treated SHR. Therefore, the vascular response to @entity1063 seems to be dependent mainly on the structure of the vessels, whereas endothelial function is probably more linked to the hemodynamic load.

title: Prolonged effects of short-term @entity10959 on blood pressure and vascular morphology and function in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity10959 :: ('MESH:D017328', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinopril']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity302 have an overrepresentation of @entity146 . However, few studies in pediatrics have characterized specific @entity146 conditions associated with @entity410 localization. In addition, degree to which @entity146 may be more prominent in @entity1 refractory to standard medical treatment for @entity302 is not known. The aim of this study was to assess @entity146 symptoms in @entity1 with medically @entity302 and ascertain whether symptoms were associated with specific localization. METHODS: Case records were reviewed for 40 @entity1 with medically @entity302 at the time of their referral for presurgical evaluation. @entity1 received a clinical @entity146 evaluation and parents completed the @entity1 Behavioral Checklist (CBCL). @entity410 localization was verified by pediatric epileptologists, and suitability for surgical procedures was verified by neurosurgical specialists. Groups were compared based on localization of @entity410 foci, either in the temporal lobe or predominantly extratemporal. KEY FINDINGS: The majority of the sample had @entity146 diagnoses and @entity146 , well beyond the level reported in chronic @entity302 populations. In addition, @entity1 with temporal lobe @entity410 foci had more @entity146 categories rated in the clinically significant range, and also were more likely to have clinical diagnoses of @entity308 . SIGNIFICANCE: Routine @entity146 evaluation prior to @entity302 surgery may be important for pediatric @entity1 with medically @entity302 . @entity146 , particularly @entity308 , may be especially prominent for those with temporal lobe @entity410 foci.

title: Psychiatric symptoms in @entity1 prior to @entity302 surgery differ according to suspected XXXX focus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric illness', 'CBCL behavioral problem', 'Psychiatric illness', 'behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study tests the hypothesis that loss of spinal activity of @entity1246 ( @entity1246 ) contributes to the @entity1931 and @entity1931 observed after @entity1897 . METHODS: Intrathecal catheters were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Antinociception was assessed by measuring withdrawal latency to immersion of the tail in a 52 degrees C water bath. @entity128 was produced by ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves. Testing was performed 4-14 days after spinal nerve ligation, when @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 were established. Tactile @entity1931 was quantitated using the threshold to withdrawal of the hind paw on probing with von Frey filaments. Thermal @entity1931 was quantitated using the latency to withdrawal of the hind paw from radiant heat. Motor function was tested using a rotarod apparatus. RESULTS: Spinal administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist @entity1027 or the GABAB receptor antagonist @entity19666 produced @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in normal @entity35 . The GABAB receptor agonist @entity1772 , administered spinally, produced antinociception in the tail-flick test, whereas the GABAA receptor agonist @entity11359 did not. @entity11359 and @entity1772 each reversed @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 produced by spinal nerve ligation. @entity1772 but not @entity11359 prolonged thermal withdrawal latency in nerve-injured @entity35 beyond preoperative values. @entity1772 but not @entity11359 impaired motor function. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic inhibition of intrinsic @entity1246 tone in normal @entity35 resulted in @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 , consistent with the hypothesis being tested. Exogenous administration of @entity1246 agonists reversed spinal nerve ligation-induced @entity1931 and @entity1931 , also consistent with this hypothesis. @entity11359 produced specific antihyperalgesic and antiallodynic effects, whereas assessment of the effects of @entity1772 was complicated by motor dysfunction. Spinal GABAA agonists may provide a specific therapy for @entity9 .

title: Spinal @entity1246 (A) and XXXX (B) receptor pharmacology in a @entity35 model of @entity9 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia', 'tactile allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1246 :: ('MESH:D005680', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyric acid', 'GABA']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['Nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity11359 :: ('MESH:C015300', 'Chemical') :: ['isoguvacine', 'Isoguvacine']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity19666 :: ('MESH:C052329', 'Chemical') :: ['phaclofen']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['Baclofen', 'baclofen']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1246 :: (MESH:D005680,Chemical) :: ['GABA']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to examine the possible role of @entity134 hormones and @entity442 ( @entity442 ) in the control of @entity1 growth and @entity28 . We measured plasma level of @entity1420 , @entity251 , @entity53 and @entity442 in 301 young @entity1 at different stages of their ovarian cycle, and compared them to the standard morphometric indexes of their growth and @entity28 - body height, body weight, abdomen circumstance and waist to hip ratio (WHR). The ovarian cycle-dependent changes in plasma @entity1420 and @entity53 , but not in @entity251 and @entity442 level were found. Young @entity1 with higher body height had significantly higher plasma level of @entity53 , @entity251 and @entity442 , but not of @entity1420 , compared to subjects with lower body height in both follicular and luteal phases of the ovarian cycle. Subjects with a higher body weight had significantly higher plasma @entity53 and @entity1420 , but not @entity251 and @entity442 than subjects with lower body weight in both follicular and luteal phases of ovarian cycle. @entity1 with a higher abdomen circumference had significantly lower plasma @entity53 , but not the other hormones than the subjects with lower abdomen circumference. @entity1 with higher WHR index had significantly higher plasma level of @entity53 , but not other hormones than subjects with lower WHR index in both follicular and luteal phases of ovarian cycle. The present observations suggests: (1) that luteal phase of the @entity1 ovarian cycle is characterised by a dramatically increase in both @entity1420 and @entity53 , but not in @entity251 and @entity442 release, (2) that in @entity1 females growth can be up-regulated by @entity251 , @entity53 and @entity442 , but not by @entity1420 , (3) that body mass can be up-regulated by @entity1420 and @entity53 , but not by @entity251 or @entity442 , and (4) that @entity1 @entity28 (high WHR, but not abdomen circumference) can be promoted by @entity53 , but not by other @entity134 hormones or @entity442 (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Ref. 45).

title: Growth and XXXX and its association with plasma level of @entity134 hormones and @entity442 ( @entity442 ) in Slovak female students.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Numerous studies have shown genotype-by-environment (GxE) interactions for traits related to organismal fitness. However, the genetic architecture of the interaction is usually unknown because these studies used genotypes that differ from one another by many unknown mutations. These mutations were also present as standing variation in populations and hence had been subject to prior selection. Based on such studies, it is therefore impossible to say what fraction of new, random mutations contributes to GxE interactions. In this study, we measured the fitness in four environments of 26 genotypes of @entity526 , each containing a single random insertion mutation. Fitness was measured relative to their common progenitor, which had evolved on @entity413 at 37 degrees C for the preceding 10,000 generations. The four assay environments differed in limiting resource and temperature ( @entity413 , 28 degrees C; maltose, 28 degrees C; @entity413 , 37 degrees C; and maltose, 37 degrees C). A highly significant interaction between mutation and resource was found. In contrast, there was no interaction involving temperature. The resource interaction reflected much higher among mutation variation for fitness in maltose than in @entity413 . At least 11 mutations (42%) contributed to this GxE interaction through their differential fitness effects across resources. Beneficial mutations are generally thought to be rare but, surprisingly, at least three mutations (12%) significantly improved fitness in @entity7969 , a resource novel to the progenitor. More generally, our findings demonstrate that GxE interactions can be quite common, even for genotypes that differ by only one mutation and in environments differing by only a single factor.

title: Contribution of individual random mutations to genotype-by-environment interactions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with @entity5 , either relapsing after or refractory to @entity900 -based chemotherapy, underwent salvage chemotherapy with high-dose @entity3003 (800 mg/m2 on day 1) and high-dose @entity2879 (500 mg/m2 on days 1, 3 and 5). A total of 21 courses were administered. The major @entity137 consisted of profound myelosuppression. There were two toxic deaths, both caused by @entity281 during @entity1398 . Bone marrow recovery was usually complete around day 26 (range 19-129). Other @entity137 included mild @entity33 , @entity390 and @entity391 , and @entity1665 . No significant @entity2359 or @entity393 were observed and only one @entity1 had a moderate @entity177 . Nine of ten evaluable @entity1 responded, with one complete remission, 6 partial remissions with normalization of @entity5 markers, and two partial remissions with over one log decrease of @entity5 markers. The duration of these remissions was not evaluable, since only three evaluable and responding @entity1 did not receive additional therapy after HD-CE. All three relapsed after discontinuing chemotherapy. HD-CE has activity in relapsing or @entity5 and can be administered without bone marrow support. The regimen may thus be suitable to be used as a remission induction regimen prior to consolidation with intensive chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

title: Feasibility study of high-dose @entity3003 and @entity2879 in the salvage treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'refractory testicular cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in renal function']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: The objective of this study was to lay a foundation for future cost-benefit analyses evaluating the public health impact of treatment and screening protocols for @entity263 . Specifically we wanted to define the relative impact on @entity5 -specific mortality rates of the individual epidemiological components: pathological incidences by age groups, @entity5 progression rates, and the effect of competing causes of @entity204 , assuming expectant management (i.e. no definitive treatment). A biological model of @entity263 incidence and progression was converted into a standard Markov tree where competing causes of @entity204 could occur. Weighted averages of progression rates were obtained from clinical studies. Separate cohorts of 30 year old black and white @entity1 were followed for 50 years. The model yielded @entity5 -specific mortality rates, overall mortality rates, and pathologic prevalences for both @entity10552 , consistent with the literature. Sensitivity analyses showed that of all the parameters studied, the pathological incidence of @entity5 in @entity1 under 50 years of age had the greatest impact on the @entity5 -specific mortality rates. Also important was the annual probability of progression of @entity75 . However the other parameters including pathological incidence in older males, and progression from locally-extensive to metastatic lesions had much smaller effects. In summary, this model correlates the clinical literature with the epidemiology of @entity263 and can be used for further decision analyses. We recommend that future research be done to more precisely quantify the pathological incidence of @entity263 in @entity1 under 50-60 years of age. More certainty is also needed before generalizing the results of relatively small A1 series to millions of @entity1 , since A1 progression rates critically affect the eventual @entity5 -specific mortality. Enough uncertainty remains at this point however, that we cannot advocate widespread screening for @entity263 until its merit be demonstrated either by the definitive long term study, or by examination of costs and quality-of-life-adjusted benefits.

title: A Markov model of the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['A1 lesions']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['white and black males']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity167 use in college-age individuals is associated with @entity130 risk. Many college drinkers end up in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) as a result of their drinking, providing a unique opportunity to intervene. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review evaluates the existing evidence for the use of brief @entity341 interventions for @entity167 use in the college-age population. METHODS: A systematic search of on-line databases was conducted. Articles were limited to those in English published since 1990. Studies were included if they specifically studied 18- to 20-year-old @entity167 users, if they were performed in an @entity341 or acute care setting, and if an intervention regarding @entity167 use was attempted. RESULTS: There were 400 studies identified; 60 abstracts were reviewed, 18 full-text articles were evaluated, and 7 met the inclusion criteria for review. Eligible studies focused on @entity167 use only, except for one study that addressed @entity167 and other drug use. All examined changes in @entity167 intake patterns as a primary outcome, and most also looked for reductions in @entity167 -related harm. Each found reductions in @entity167 intake patterns or reductions in @entity167 -related harm in the intervention group, although some between-group differences were not statistically significant reductions. CONCLUSION: Seven studies were identified that measured the outcomes of @entity341 interventions for @entity167 use in the college-age population. The studied interventions showed promise but had variable success. More research is needed to establish short- and long-term efficacy, specifically in high-risk underage college students.

title: A systematic review of XXXX interventions for college drinkers.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased injury']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Computer simulations play an important role in designing new polymers as well as in predicting properties of existing polymers. In this paper, the blend compatibility of @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) with @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) was studied over the wide range of compositions allowed by the atomistic and mesoscopic simulation methods. The Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, chi, of the blends computed using the atomistic simulation confirmed the blend compatibility for compositions containing >60 wt % of @entity939 . This observation was further supported by differential scanning calorimetric experiments. Solubility parameters of the polymers obtained from the simulation procedure were in good agreement with those of the literature data. Simulation results were further supported by the spectral and solution property measurements. From the atomistic simulations, chi versus concentration plots were constructed, which showed trends similar to those experimentally measured melting temperature versus concentration. The chi values for the blends, which satisfied the criteria of miscibility of two polymers by the atomistic simulation, agreed quite well with the solubility criteria related to order parameters calculated from the mesoscopic simulation. Kinetics of phase separation was examined via density profiles calculated using the MesoDyn approach for incompatible blends. The length and time scales spanned by these simulations were found to be relevant to the real application scales. The free energy computed in the mesoscopic simulation for blends reached equilibrium, particularly when the simulation was performed at a higher time step, indicating the stability of the blend system at certain compositions.

title: Molecular modeling on the binary blend compatibility of @entity4832 and XXXX : an atomistic simulation and thermodynamic approach.

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['poly(methyl methacrylate)']


abstract: We report 2 cases of primary central nervous system (CNS) @entity706 arising in the region of the optic nerve. For both @entity1 , diagnosis of @entity706 was impossible without histological examination because of the rarity of the @entity706 location. The first case involved an 84-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1018 and @entity4614 . Intraoperative finding was @entity5150 ; histological diagnosis was diffuse large B cell @entity706 , however. The second case involved a 67-year-old @entity1 who developed @entity1018 . The pre-surgical diagnosis was @entity1781 ; this was then revised to @entity738 . The @entity5 arose in the optic nerve. @entity1499 and rituximab were administered and the @entity1 remained in complete remission for 3 years. However, a @entity548 occurred. Although most of the @entity706 cells obtained from the initial surgery were negative for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) immunoreactivity, high levels of @entity7 immunoreactivity in @entity706 cells was detected in the specimen obtained after intratumoral bleeding at recurrence, and correlation between @entity7 reactivity and @entity5 recurrence was suggested. To date, primary @entity149 with @entity1779 have been reported in 3 cases only, and a correlation between intratumoral hemorrhage and the degree of @entity7 expression has been suggested. @entity7 also might have predictive significance for recurrence.

title: XXXX arising in the region of the optic nerve presenting as @entity1018 : 2 case reports, including a @entity1 with a massive @entity1779 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['sudden intratumoral hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic glioma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity149 :: (MESH:D002493,Disease) :: ['Primary CNS lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity174 of the greater trochanter through an @entity690 may occur as a late complication after total hip arthroplasty. The optimal treatment for this difficult complication remains controversial. We have treated this problem with internal fixation and allogeneic bone-grafting at the time of revision of a loose acetabular component. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the results of treatment of a @entity174 through an @entity690 of the greater trochanter in nineteen @entity1 seen from 1996 to 2002. All @entity174 were treated with morselized allogeneic bone grafts and wire fixation at the time of revision of a failed acetabular component. Postoperative care included the use of an abduction orthosis and protected weight-bearing for at least three months. Follow-up of all @entity1 consisted of radiographic examinations and clinical evaluation with use of the Harris hip score. RESULTS: At an average duration of 3.8 years after the revision, eighteen of the nineteen @entity174 had healed. The average time to healing was five months. The one treatment failure occurred in a @entity1 who did not comply with the use of an abduction orthosis. The average Harris hip score for all @entity1 improved from 32.5 points preoperatively to 91.2 points at the time of the latest follow-up. @entity691 wear and recurrent osteolysis of the greater trochanter was noted in one hip at the eight-year follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: Fractures of the greater trochanter associated with @entity690 can be effectively treated with open reduction, internal fixation with wire, and allogeneic bone-grafting.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity174 of the greater trochanter associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion', 'osteolytic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity690 :: (MESH:D030981,Disease) :: ['osteolytic lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: The rarity and heterogeneity of pediatric @entity242 ( @entity242 ) has precluded meaningful analysis of prognostic factors associated with surgically resected disease. To define a population of @entity1 at high risk of treatment failure who might benefit from adjuvant therapies, we evaluated the relationship between various clinicopathologic factors and clinical outcome of @entity1 and adolescents with resected @entity242 over a 27-year period at our institution. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed the records of 121 consecutive @entity1 with @entity242 who underwent surgical resection between August 1969 and December 1996. Demographic data, @entity5 characteristics, treatment, and outcomes were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for survival, event-free survival (EFS), and local and distant recurrence were performed. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 9.2 years, 5-year survival and EFS rates for the entire cohort were 89% +/- 3% and 77% +/- 4%, respectively. In univariate models, positive surgical margins (P =.004), @entity5 size > or = 5 cm (P <.001), invasivene (P =.002), high grade (P =.028), and @entity5 site (P =.055) adversely affected EFS. All of these factors except invasiveness remained prognostic of EFS and survival in multivariate models. Positive surgical margins (P =.003), @entity5 site (P =.028), and the omission of radiation therapy (P =.043) predicted local recurrence, whereas @entity5 size > or = 5 cm (P <.001), invasiveness (P <.001), and high grade (P =.004) predicted distant recurrence. CONCLUSION: In this largest single-institution analysis of pediatric @entity1 with surgically resected @entity242 , we identified clinicopathologic features predictive of poor outcome. These variables should be prospectively evaluated as risk-adapted therapies are developed.

title: Prognostic factors for @entity1 and adolescents with surgically resected @entity242 : an analysis of 121 XXXX treated at St Jude @entity1 's Research Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intra-abdominal primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['NRSTS', 'nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity4090 (PRL) may be a @entity5 growth factor, mainly for @entity0 . The antidopaminergic drugs commonly used in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity391 stimulate PRL release, and this finding could represent a potentially negative biologic event for @entity5 @entity1 . This study was performed to analyze PRL response to the @entity750 -type 3 receptor antagonist @entity3974 , a new active drug in the treatment of @entity391 due to chemotherapy, in @entity5 @entity1 . METHODS: The study included 8 @entity0 @entity1 undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity3974 was given intravenously at a dose of 8 mg, and venous blood samples were drawn at 0, 20, 60 and 120 min. The result were compared to those seen in 10 @entity0 @entity1 treated with @entity1769 (10 mg. i.v.). RESULTS: PRL mean levels significantly increased in response to @entity1769 . In contrast, no significant changes in PRL mean values occurred after @entity3974 injection. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that @entity3974 , whose efficacy in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity391 is well known, does not stimulate the @entity5 growth factor PRL in @entity5 @entity1 , in contrast the the action of the most commonly used antidopaminergic drugs.

title: @entity3974 does not stimulate @entity4090 release in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based mainly on experimental data that indicates improvement to the cerebral microcirculation, @entity6880 Shen, a herbal medicine, is widely used in the treatment of acute @entity64 in China. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of @entity6880 Shen agents in @entity1 with acute @entity64 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity64 Group Trials Register (last searched July 2006), the register of the Cochrane Complementary Field (last searched July 2006) and the Chinese @entity64 Trials Register (last searched August 2006). In addition, we searched the following bibliographic databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2006), MEDLINE (1996 to August 2006), EMBASE (1980 to August 2006), CINAHL (1982 to August 2006), AMED (1985 to August 2006), and the China Biological Medicine Database (CBM-disc) (1979 to August 2006). We handsearched 10 Chinese journals, searched clinical trials and research databases, scanned reference lists and contacted the pharmaceutical company manufacturing @entity6880 Shen. We also attempted to contact trial authors to obtain further data. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing @entity6880 Shen agents with placebo or open control in @entity1 with acute @entity64 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed trial quality, and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: Six trials involving 494 @entity1 were included. Three trials are awaiting assessment. Numbers of @entity204 and dependent @entity1 at the end of follow up of at least three months were not reported in the six included trials. Only two trials reported adverse events. All trials measured the outcome 'significant improvement in @entity51 at the end of treatment'. @entity6880 Shen agents were associated with a significant increase in the number of @entity1 with the outcome (Peto odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.73 to 5.26). No @entity204 were reported within the first two weeks of treatment or during the whole follow-up period. The trials did not include any assessment of quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The methodological quality of all included studies was poor, and reliable conclusions could not be drawn from the present data. Further high-quality randomised controlled trials should be performed.

title: @entity6880 Shen agents for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: OBJECT: The authors undertook this study to establish an animal model to investigate the pathophysiological changes of @entity101 ( @entity101 ). METHODS: This study was a randomized control animal study with blinded evaluation. The @entity101 model was developed in 24 adult New Zealand white @entity95 by means of renal artery and vein @entity254 and trapping of the posterior vena cava; 12 @entity95 were subjected to sham surgery. The @entity95 were investigated by spinal function evaluation, abdominal aortic angiography, spinal MRI, and pathological examination of the spinal cord at different follow-up stages. RESULTS: Twenty-two (91.67%) of 24 model @entity95 survived the surgery and postoperative period. The patency rate of the @entity2548 was 95.45% in these 22 animals. The model @entity95 had significantly decreased motor and sensory hindlimb function as well as abnormalities at the corresponding segments of the spinal cord. Pathological examination showed dilation and hyalinization of the small blood vessels, perivascular and intraparenchymal lymphocyte infiltration, proliferation of glial cells, and @entity528 . Electron microscopic examination showed loose lamellar structure of the myelin sheath, increased numbers of mitochondria in the thin myelinated fibers, and pyknotic neurons. CONCLUSIONS: This model of @entity101 is stable and repeatable. Exploration of the sequential changes in spinal cord and blood vessels has provided improved understanding of this pathology, and the model may have potential for improving therapeutic results.

title: The pathophysiology of XXXX --study of an animal model: laboratory investigation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertensive myelopathy', 'VHM']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['venous hypertensive myelopathy']