abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Minimum T50 and T95 onsets are the medians of time intervals between end of skin and subcutaneous tissue infiltration with local anesthetics and a @entity158 stimulation, which are associated to no @entity158 in 50% and 95% of @entity1 , respectively. This study has evaluated T50 and T95 of subcutaneous 1% @entity3303 for @entity272 . METHODS: This was a prospective study with sequential allocation depending on the response of previous @entity1 (Dixon and Massey's up-down method) involving 25 @entity1 submitted to spinal blocks with 25G Quincke needle. Skin and subcutaneous tissue were infiltrated with 3 mL of 1% @entity3303 in L3-L4 or L4-L5 interspace with 10 mm 25G needle. Time elapsed between the end of infiltration and 25G Quincke needle puncture was established in logarithmic scale. Initial interval was 30 seconds. Subsequent intervals depended on previous @entity1 's response. If the @entity1 referred @entity158 at 25G Quincke needle puncture, the next @entity1 was allocated to the immediately longer interval; otherwise, the next @entity1 would be allocated to the immediately shorter interval. Dixon and Massey's formulas were applied to calculate T50 and T95. RESULTS: Medians (95% confidence limits) of T50 and T95 were 25 seconds (20-31 seconds) and 53 seconds (33-85 seconds), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: To obtain lumbar skin anesthesia before lumbar puncture in 95% of @entity1 , one should wait 33 to 85 seconds after the end of subcutaneous infiltration of 3 mL of 1% plain @entity3303 .

title: [Onset of 1% XXXX for skin infiltrative anesthesia].

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar skin puncture']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: Vertebrectomy and instrumentation only via the posterior approach has been increasingly used in sagittal, frontal plane and combined deformities. The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of hemivertebrectomy and instrumentation only via the posterior approach in congenital @entity85 . Between 1998 and 2003, we performed hemivertebrectomy and interbody fusion using posterior instrumentation with @entity702 mesh cage via the posterior approach in 19 @entity1 (three @entity1635 , five @entity1513 and 11 @entity3792 ). The age of the @entity1 ranged from 2 to 22 years and they all underwent hemivertebrectomy (at thoracic level in six @entity1 , at thoracolumbar level in eight @entity1 and at lumbar level in five @entity1 ). A @entity702 mesh cage was used for anterior column support and interbody fusion in @entity1 who had residual anterior gap preventing bone-to-bone contact. Correction and stabilization were achieved by posterior polyaxial pedicle screws. Follow-up was an average of 4.6 years (range: 2-7 years). We did not confront any loss of correction, @entity1516 , and @entity702 mesh cage collapse or implant failure. Hemivertebrectomy and instrumentation via the posterior approach is a good one-stage surgical treatment option that can be used to avoid the surgical @entity130 and morbidity related to anterior surgery. It is a technically demanding surgical procedure, however, requiring extreme care and experience in spine surgery.

title: Posterior vertebrectomy in XXXX , @entity1635 and @entity3792 due to hemivertebra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformities']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']


abstract: @entity298 is one of the peritoneal surface @entity5 where long-term survival is a reality after @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). @entity5 has been shown to be of prognostic significance on survival in mesothelioma. We investigated the impact of survival of @entity1 with @entity298 following @entity1104 and HIPEC to determine the impact of @entity5 angiogenesis on survival after this radical surgical treatment. Paraffin sections of 23 @entity1 who were treated with @entity1104 and HIPEC were retrieved for immunohistochemical analysis. The immunostaining was performed using monoclonal mouse anti-human antibodies ( @entity9961 and @entity2279 ) on an autostainer (Autostainer Plus; Dako, Inc.). The intensity of the stains were quantified using the Image-Pro Plus (IPP) 4.5 (Media Cybernetics, @entity575 Spring, @entity601 ). @entity7 expression and microvessel density (MVD) using @entity2279 staining were studied. The median survival was 94 months with a 3-year survival rate of 51%. There was no impact on @entity1 's age, sex, @entity3906 index, @entity5 histopathology and survival outcomes between @entity1 with low or high MVD and @entity7 expression. After @entity1104 and HIPEC, our results demonstrate that the prognostic significance of @entity5 angiogenesis is negated, highlighting the potential importance of other co-contributory mechanisms in mesotheliomagenesis and undergoing radial treatment.

title: Impact of XXXX angiogenesis in @entity298 after radical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor angiogenesis', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3906 :: ('MESH:D010534', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'cytoreductive surgery']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal mesothelioma', 'Peritoneal mesothelioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Language processing relies on a widespread network of brain regions. Univariate post- @entity64 lesion-behavior mapping is a particularly potent method to study brain-language relationships. However, it is a concern that this method may overlook structural disconnections to seemingly spared regions and may fail to adjudicate between regions that subserve different processes but share the same vascular perfusion bed. For these reasons, more refined structural brain mapping techniques may improve the accuracy of detecting brain networks supporting language. In this study, we applied a predictive multivariate framework to investigate the relationship between @entity51 in @entity1 @entity1 with chronic @entity2026 and the topological distribution of structural @entity75 , defined as post- @entity64 necrosis or cortical disconnection. We analyzed lesion maps as well as structural connectome measures of whole-brain neural network integrity to predict clinically applicable language scores from the @entity2026 ( @entity2026 ). Out-of-sample prediction accuracy was comparable for both types of analyses, which revealed spatially distinct, albeit overlapping, networks of cortical regions implicated in specific aspects of speech functioning. Importantly, all @entity2026 scores could be predicted at better-than-chance level from the connections between gray-matter regions spared by the lesion. Connectome-based analysis highlighted the role of connectivity of the temporoparietal junction as a multimodal area crucial for language tasks. Our results support that connectome-based approaches are an important complement to necrotic lesion-based approaches and should be used in combination with lesion mapping to fully elucidate whether structurally damaged or structurally disconnected regions relate to @entity73 and its recovery. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We present a novel multivariate approach of predicting @entity64 of speech and language from the integrity of the connectome. We compare it with multivariate prediction of speech and language scores from lesion maps, using cross-validation framework and a large (n = 90) database of behavioral and neuroimaging data from individuals with post- @entity64 @entity2026 . Connectome-based analysis was similar to lesion-based analysis in terms of predictive accuracy and provided additional details about the importance of specific connections (in particular, between parietal and posterior temporal areas) for preserving speech functions. Our results suggest that multivariate predictive analysis of the connectome is a useful complement to multivariate lesion analysis, being less dependent on the spatial constraints imposed by underlying vasculature.

title: Multivariate Connectome-Based Symptom Mapping in Post- XXXX @entity1 : Networks Supporting Language and Speech.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['post-stroke impairment', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['aphasic impairment']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['language deficits']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['WAB', 'aphasia', 'Western Aphasia Battery']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node @entity3 (LNM) is the leading cause of @entity5 recurrence in @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Since endoscopic resection (ER) can be performed in @entity356 with curative intention when no LNM are present, this study wants to determine the risk factors for LNM in @entity356 . METHODS: One hundred twenty-four @entity1 who have had an operative resection because of @entity356 were analyzed. Histopathological workup included @entity5 infiltration depth, lymphatic and vascular infiltration, lymph node infiltration, @entity5 differentiation, and the classification of Ming. A complete follow-up was achieved. RESULTS: There was no LNM among @entity5 meeting the standard or extended criteria for an ER. Lymphatic infiltration (p   <   0.001) and infiltration of the submucosal layers (p   =   0.018) proved to be the strongest risk factors for LNM. @entity5 with a deeper infiltration depth (p   =   0.015) and a lower grade of differentiation (p   =   0.029) presented with a higher grade of lymphatic infiltration. @entity5 located in the body of the stomach (p   =   0.003) and @entity5 with infiltrative growth according to Ming (p   =   0.021) had a significantly higher risk for lymphatic infiltration. The 5-year overall survival was 84  % in nodal negative @entity1 and 42  % in @entity1 with LNM (p   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: ER within the extended criteria with a meticulous histological workup should be performed in @entity356 to determine whether risk factors for LNM are present. If lymphatic infiltration is observed, surgery with lymphadenectomy is recommended. @entity5 exceeding the extended criteria should undergo primary surgery with adequate lymphadenectomy.

title: Prognostic risk factors of XXXX -a western experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['EGC', 'early gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['early gastric cancer']


abstract: The proteasome inhibitor, @entity1749 , has direct anti- @entity5 effects and has been demonstrated to sensitize @entity5 cells to @entity5 @entity39 factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis. Natural killer (NK) cells are effective mediators of anti- @entity5 responses, both through cytotoxic granule killing and apoptosis-inducing pathways. We therefore investigated if @entity1749 sensitized @entity1 @entity0 cells to killing by the @entity1 NK cell line, NK-92. @entity1749 was unable to sensitize MDA-231 @entity0 cells to NK cell-mediated killing in short-term in vitro assays. However, @entity1749 did cause these cells to up-regulate apoptosis-related mRNA as well as death receptors on the cell surface. In a long-term in vitro @entity5 outgrowth assay that allows NK cells to use their full repertoire of killing pathways, @entity1749 sensitized three @entity0 cell lines to NK cell-mediated killing, which led to greater anti- @entity5 effects than either treatment alone. We then used a xenogeneic @entity19 model in which CB-17 @entity915 @entity19 were injected with @entity1 @entity0 cells. This model displayed the effectiveness of @entity1 cells, but the addition of @entity1749 did not increase the survival further or reduce the number of lung metastases in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 . However, while @entity1749 was highly cytotoxic to @entity1 cells in vitro, @entity1749 treatment in vivo did not decrease NK-92 function, suggesting that through alternative dosing or timing of @entity1749 , greater efficacy may occur from combined therapy. These data demonstrate that combined treatment of @entity1 @entity0 with @entity1749 and NK cells has the potential to generate superior anti- @entity5 responses than either therapy alone.

title: Sensitization of @entity1 XXXX cells to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity by proteasome inhibition.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Three-day-old specific pathogen-free @entity1573 (n = 24) located in isolators were inoculated orally with Helicobacter pullorum. One group (n = 12) was infected with a H. pullorum field isolate from @entity1 origin, another one (n = 12) with the American Type Culture Collection H. pullorum reference isolate 51801 originating from @entity1573 . Both isolates were positive for cytolethal distending toxin, investigated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A third group (n = 4) was kept as a negative control. Starting on day 7 of life, birds from each group were euthanatized at different time points up to 35 days. Various organ samples were taken aseptically and processed by culture and a H. pullorum-specific PCR. In the group infected with the @entity1 isolate the nucleic acid of H. pullorum was detected in the caecal tonsils and caeca of 12 and 11 birds, respectively. Live bacteria were cultivated from the caecal tonsils and caeca of five birds 24 and 31 days postinfection. Live bacteria were also isolated from the heart of one bird, whereas PCR had to be used to detect the nucleic acid of H. pullorum in the gallbladder of four birds. No live bacteria were reisolated at any time from birds infected with the avian isolate, but bacterial nucleic acid was detected in the caeca of five birds and in the gallbladder of one. In both groups neither live H. pullorum nor its nucleic acid were detected in the liver, spleen, and duodenum. Compared to the avian H. pullorum isolate the @entity1 isolate proved to be more invasive. No obvious clinical symptoms or disease was seen in the @entity1573 during the entire experiment. The reisolation of live bacteria at the end of the experiments indicates that H. pullorum could enter the food chain even after @entity281 in birds. Furthermore, PCR was demonstrated to be helpful in tracing these fastidious bacteria.

title: Tissue tropism of Helicobacter pullorum in specific pathogen-free XXXX determined by culture and nucleic acid detection.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['early infection']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chickens']


abstract: In @entity5872 , males will readily exhibit the full sequence of male-typical sexual behaviors but females never show this response, even after ovariectomy and treatment with male-typical concentrations of exogenous @entity251 . @entity251 aromatisation plays a key-limiting role in the activation of this behavior but the higher aromatase activity in the brain of males compared to females is not sufficient to explain the behavioural sex difference. The cellular and molecular bases of this prominent sex difference in the functional consequences of @entity251 have not been identified so far. We hypothesised that the differential expression of sex @entity134 receptors in specific brain areas could mediate this behavioural sex difference. Therefore, using radioactive in situ hybridisation histochemistry, we quantified the expression of the mRNA coding for the @entity342 receptor (AR) and the @entity2931 receptors (ER) of the alpha and beta subtypes. All three receptors were expressed in an anatomically discrete manner in various nuclei of the hypothalamus and limbic system and, at usually lower densities, in a few other brain areas. In both sexes, the intensity of the hybridisation signal for all @entity134 receptors was highest in the medial preoptic nucleus (POM), a major site of @entity251 action that is related to the activation of male sexual behaviour. Although no sex difference in the optical density of the AR hybridisation signal could be found in POM, the area covered by AR mRNA was significantly larger in males than in females, indicating a higher overall degree of AR expression in this region in males. By contrast, females tended to have significantly higher levels of AR expression than males in the lateral septum. ERalpha was more densely expressed in females than males throughout the medial preoptic and hypothalamic areas (including the POM and the medio-basal hypothalamus), an area implicated in the control of female receptivity) and in the mesencephalic nucleus intercollicularis. ERbeta was more densely expressed in the medio-basal hypothalamus of females but a difference in the reverse direction (males > females) was observed in the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala. These data suggest that a differential expression of @entity134 receptors in specific brain areas could mediate at least certain aspects of the sex differences in behavioural responses to @entity251 , although they do not appear to be sufficient to explain the complete lack of activation by @entity251 of male-typical copulatory behaviour in females.

title: Sex differences in the expression of sex XXXX receptor mRNA in the quail brain.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of @entity914 , the authors explored the morbid risks for @entity161 and @entity18822 in the first-degree relatives of @entity1 with @entity914 and relevant other diagnoses. METHOD: In addition to @entity1 with @entity914 , @entity308 (N = 21), the probands included @entity1 with mood-incongruent @entity308 (N = 22), mood-congruent @entity308 (N = 19), @entity308 (N = 27), or @entity161 (N = 28) and normal subjects (N = 18). The @entity1 were consecutively recruited from the outpatient facilities of a university psychiatry department; the normal subjects were students and nurses. All probands were directly interviewed, with the Schedule for @entity1316 and @entity161 --Lifetime Version (SADS-L), by a psychiatrist blind to information about relatives. Consenting relatives were directly interviewed, with the SADS-L, by two psychiatrists blind to the probands' diagnoses. The direct interview was supplemented--or replaced, when an interview was not possible (24%)--by family history data from all available sources. Morbid risks in relatives were calculated according to the Weinberg method. RESULTS: The relatives of the schizoaffective @entity1 had almost the same risk for @entity161 as the relatives of the @entity161 @entity1 . In the relatives of the @entity1 mood-incongruent @entity308 , the morbid risk for @entity18822 was about one-half that of the relatives of the @entity1 with mood-congruent @entity308 and one-third that of the relatives of the @entity1 with @entity308 , but these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity914 is close to @entity161 and largely corresponds to mainly @entity161 in the Research Diagnostic Criteria, whereas DSM-III-R mood-incongruent @entity308 is probably quite heterogeneous and should be studied further.

title: A family study of XXXX , @entity308 , compared with @entity161 and psychotic and @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic depression', 'nonpsychotic depression', 'depressive type']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder', 'schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorders']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic', 'Schizophrenia', 'schizophrenic schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity18822 :: ('MESH:C565111', 'Disease') :: ['major affective disorders']

answer: @entity914 :: (MESH:D011618,Disease) :: ['DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder']


abstract: 119 @entity1 with stage-IV @entity1358 were treated using immunotherapy with @entity5 vaccine. The immunization was carried out at monthly intervals, the @entity1 were restaged every 3 months using X-ray, ultrasound scanning or computed tomography as well as bone scintigraphy in the follow-up. The @entity1 ' follow-up periods run from 6 to 66 months averaging in 38.5 months. 6 complete remissions, 4 partial responses and 29 stable diseases were seen, whereas 54 @entity1 had progressive disease. @entity1 with a T1 primary @entity5 all survived the follow-up period irrespective of whether lymph node @entity3 (n = 2), venous invasion (n = 12) or distant @entity3 (n = 6) were present at the time of operation. Follow-up periods run from 12 to 48 months (averaging 23 months). @entity1 with T2 @entity5 showed survival up to 50 months postoperatively, of these only 3 died. Follow-up averages 30 months. The 3 @entity1 died within the first year after operation. @entity1 with very large primary @entity5 showed the poor prognosis normally expected. 23 of these 40 @entity1 died after a mean follow-up of 15 months. These results may indicate that immunotherapy can slow down @entity5 progression and induce objective responses. Those @entity1 with small primary lesions apparently benefit from the treatment even though @entity3 are present at the time of diagnosis.

title: Immunotherapy of metastasizing XXXX . Results of a multicentered trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Outbreaks of @entity1 @entity232 are not very common in Spain, despite being considered an @entity66 . In this study, a new outbreak in the Valencian Community is presented. Its principal objective is to describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics and to present the main Public Health measures established to contain the outbreak. METHODS: A case was defined as anyone residing in the village of Tous (in Valencian Community), diagnosed with @entity232 according to clinical and laboratory criteria, defined by the Epidemiological Surveillance Network, and date of symptoms onset between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013. A descriptive analysis was performed on the epidemiological variables collected. RESULTS: A total of 19 cases were reported from the 28th week of 2012 to the 30th week of 2013. Adults were most affected by the disease (73%). The most common clinical form was @entity4536 (89%). More than three-quarters (79%) of cases were confirmed by PCR. Species typing was performed on seven samples, with the parasite @entity13556 being identified. @entity1 outcome was favourable after physical (31%), or pharmacological (69%) treatment. Some kind of residual damage was observed in 37% of cases. Different measures were applied, aimed at health professionals, and vector and reservoir control, as well as general recommendations to the population for the containment of the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: This @entity4536 outbreak confirms the endemic nature and the high prevalence of the disease in the Mediterranean area. The most commonly used treatment was intralesional @entity1559 antimoniate. A comprehensive plan of action had to be developed in order to control the outbreak.

title: [Community outbreak of XXXX in La Ribera region of Valencia, Spain: Public Health measures].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1559 :: ('MESH:D008536', 'Chemical') :: ['meglumine']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania infantum']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

answer: @entity4536 :: (MESH:D016773,Disease) :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Considering that the Mexican mestizo population seems to be the result of a genetic admixture, we proposed that further research is needed to evaluate the role of ethnicity in conjunction with health-related factors to better understand ethnic differences in @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The aim of this study was to analyze several risk factors related to the development of @entity170 in postmenopausal Mexican mestizo @entity1 . METHODS: We included 567 postmenopausal Mexican mestizo @entity1 . A structured questionnaire for risk factors was applied and @entity79 was measured in total hip and lumbar spine by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Nonconditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratio. RESULTS: Using World Health Organization criteria, 28.7% of postmenopausal @entity1 had @entity170 , 46.4% had @entity2331 , and 24.9% had normal @entity79 . Each clinical risk factor had a different significance for @entity2331 / @entity170 ; however, duration of total breast-feeding, body mass index, and number of years since menopause remained significantly associated with @entity2331 / @entity170 after bone density was added to the nonconditional model. Interestingly, extended periods of accumulated breast-feeding for 24 and 36 months were, in both cases, significantly associated with @entity2331 / @entity170 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm the importance of considering the duration of breast-feeding as an important risk factor for @entity2331 / @entity170 . In addition, we find that body mass index is positively associated with @entity79 . Because of the heterogeneity of the Mexican mestizo population, the risk factor for @entity170 may not be the same in different ethnic groups.

title: Risk factors and impact on @entity79 in postmenopausal Mexican mestizo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14031 ( @entity3784 ) in combination with antihistamines and/or @entity8402 is widely available as an over-the counter remedy commonly used for relief of colds and cough. In supra-therapeutic amounts, @entity3784 has psychoactive effects. These cough preparations have been adopted by many young users of recreational drugs for these effects. OBJECTIVES: This paper aims to highlight the increasingly prevalent practice of Robotripping, review pharmacokinetic and dynamic data and discuss potential tolerance and withdrawal from the substance as well as treatment modalities. METHODS: A Medline search (1985-2015) for literature concerning the @entity3784 was conducted. This was supplemented by references gleaned from recent epidemiological surveys and credible online sources to ensure most up to date information is gathered. CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Use in amounts exceeding those recommended, a practice known as "Robotripping", may result in a toxidrome of @entity2146 , @entity1833 and @entity10963 best characterized as Intoxication @entity933 . Increasing misuse places greater numbers at risk. Providers should be alert to such presentations and be aware of methods for managing the symptoms. With chronic use, tolerance and withdrawal has been noted along with prolonging @entity146 sequelae. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1-4).

title: Recreational use of XXXX , "Robotripping"-A brief review.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity8402 :: ('MESH:D054199', 'Chemical') :: ['pseudoephedrine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor agitation']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['Delirium']

answer: @entity14031 :: (MESH:D003915,Chemical) :: ['dextromethorphan']


abstract: Polymerization shrinkage is a major limitation of dental composites. It generates internal stresses within bonded restorations and leads to marginal leakage, sensitivity and recurrent decay in the absence of adequate bonding. A method is presented for formulating composites that cure at constant volume by adding to the resin system small amounts of the hydrated mineral @entity6638 ( @entity569 ), which has been modified by replacing part of its hydration water with @entity3265 ( @entity3655 ). The polymerization exotherm of composites containing @entity3265 -modified @entity6638 ( @entity3655 / @entity569 ), cured at ambient temperatures, raises their temperature to between 60 and 80 degrees C, which causes the @entity3655 / @entity569 particles to swell and counteract polymerization shrinkage. The polymerization shrinkage was measured for the @entity7640 resin system, without filler, to which had been added @entity3655 / @entity569 . The addition of 4 to 5 weight percent @entity3655 / @entity569 resulted in zero polymerization shrinkage. An experimental composite was formulated using the @entity7640 resin system, @entity692 filler and 4 weight percent @entity3655 / @entity569 . Cured samples developed compressive strength and hardness comparable to reported values for dental composite resins. Porosity was not detected by scanning electron microscopy. The use of @entity3655 / @entity569 for formulating polymeric systems that cure at constant volume should be explored for application in direct dental composites.

title: Constant-volume polymerization of composites by addition of XXXX -modified @entity6638 .

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity6638 :: ('MESH:D001546', 'Chemical') :: ['montmorillonite']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: Alginate is a safe, non-immunogenic and inexpensive natural polymer with high mucoadhesive properties. Alginate microspheres can be used as a delivery system for antigens to mucosal surfaces. In the present study alginate microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique. The effects of sonication time, concentration of alginate, emulsifier and @entity12374 , and also the volume of @entity460 solution, were evaluated on mean size, size range, surface roughness and porosity, sphericity and clumping of microspheres using an optical microscope and particle size analyzer. The most desirable conditions were 90 s sonication, 3% alginate solution, 2% surfactant and 60 ml of 0.33% @entity3282 in @entity10333 . The resulting microspheres had a mean size of 1.34 +/- 0.3 microm and size range of 0.3 +/- 2.0 microm, with no surface roughness and porosity, low clumping and high sphericity. The encapsulation efficiency was about 47.7%. All batches showed nearly the same release profiles with a low burst release. The stability of the model antigen ( @entity116 toxoid (TT)) extracted from microspheres was confirmed by SDS-PAGE; and the antigenicity of TT was studied by ELISA and found to be 91 +/- 5% of the original TT. It can be concluded that, with regard to the size and morphological characteristics of the prepared microspheres and their ability in preserving the antigenicity of the encapsulated TT, they could be used as a delivery system for mucosal delivery of TT.

title: Formulation, characterization and release studies of alginate microspheres encapsulated with XXXX toxoid.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

answer: @entity116 :: (MESH:D013746,Disease) :: ['tetanus']


abstract: A 52-week oral repeated dose @entity137 study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T), a new anti-allergic agent, as well as a 5-week recovery study were carried out at dose levels of 0 (control), 50, 300 and 1800 mg/kg/day using male and female @entity35 . The results were as follows: 1. In general conditions, transient salivation after each administration and excretions with peculiar smells were noted in both sexes given 1800 mg/kg/day. Since one male and six female @entity35 given 1800 mg/kg/day showed bradypnea, @entity3173 , lying on the belly and/or side, subnormal temperature, abnormal gait, paralysis of extremities, they were sacrificed in moribund. 2. The body weight was lowered from the early stage of administration period in both sexes given 1800 mg/kg/day. 3. There were no remarkable changes in food consumption, urinalysis, fecal examination, hematology and ophthalmology. 4. Biochemical examination revealed a decrease in @entity412 in males given 300 mg/kg/day or more. 5. In pathological examination, the animals sacrificed in moribund showed @entity39 and @entity528 in nucleus caudatus of the cerebrum, @entity39 and partial disappearance of granular cells and Purkinje's cells, and swelling of Bergmann's cells in the cerebellum. In survived animals, the relative organ weight in the liver increased in males given 300 mg/kg/day or more and females given 1800 mg/kg/day, and histopathological examination revealed slight vacuolization, @entity1184 of centrilobular hepatocytes in males given 1800 mg/kg/day. Furthermore, in some females, similar changes of the cerebrum and the cerebellum, as mentioned above, were slightly observed. In electron microscopic examination, slight proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytic cytoplasm was observed in males given 1800 mg/kg/day. The necrobiotic changes, such as condensation of nuclear chromatin, increased electron density of cytoplasm and nuclei, mitochondrial accumulation and vacuolization, in the cells possibly derived from small granular cells in the cerebellum were observed in females given 1800 mg/kg/day. The mitochondrial swelling, decreased and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, and increased electron density of cytoplasm and nuclei with formation of cytoplasmic vacuole and membranous degenerated structure in neurons of cerebral temporal lobe cortex were observed in females given 1800 mg/kg/day. 6. In a recovery study, electron microscopic examination revealed a slight @entity528 in the cerebellum in males given 1800 mg/kg/day. On the contrary, there were no remarkable changes in general condition, body weight and various clinical parameters. It was noted that these changes induced by IPD-1151T seemed to be reversible changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [A fifty-two week oral chronic XXXX study of suplatast tosilate (IPD-1151T) in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['clonic/tonic convulsions']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers', 'degeneration of neurons and/or sponge-like change of neuropile']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: Chemotherapeutic strategies that target basal-like @entity0 are difficult to design without understanding their cellular and molecular basis. Here, we induce @entity5 in @entity19 by carcinogen administration, creating a phenocopy of @entity5 with the diagnostic and functional aspects of @entity1 @entity549 (including @entity470 expression/lack of @entity470 , @entity172 -independent growth and co-clustering of the transcriptome with other basaloid models). These @entity5 strains are a complement to established @entity19 models that are based on mutations in @entity30767 and/or @entity899 . @entity5 comprise two distinct cell subpopulations, basal and luminal epithelial cells. These cell fractions were purified by flow cytometry, and only basal cell fractions found to have @entity5 initiating activity ( @entity5 stem cells). The phenotype of serially regenerated @entity5 was stable, and irrespective of @entity5 precursor cell. @entity5 were passaged entirely in vivo and serial generations tested for their phenotypic stability. The relative chemo-sensitivity of basal and luminal cells were evaluated. Upon treatment with @entity4349 , @entity5 were effectively de-bulked, but recurred; this correlated with maintenance of a high rate of basal cell division throughout the treatment period. Thus, these @entity5 grow as robust cell mixtures of basal @entity5 initiating cells alongside a luminal majority, and the cellular response to drug administration is dominated by the distinct biology of the two cell types. Given the ability to separate basal and luminal cells, and the discovery potential of this approach, we propose that this @entity19 model could be a convenient one for preclinical studies.

title: A phenotypic @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'bipotential tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity549 :: ('MESH:D064726', 'Disease') :: ['triple negative disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['basaloid breast tumors']


abstract: We aimed to prospectively investigate the bidirectional association between @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and @entity210 . We analyzed follow-up data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, when self-reports of diagnosed @entity6 and @entity210 were enquired at follow-ups I and II. Individuals who participated in both follow-ups and were free of @entity65 or @entity5 at follow-up I were included. For @entity2175 to @entity210 (analysis I), prevalent @entity210 were further excluded (final n   =   31,137). For @entity210 to @entity2175 (analysis II), prevalent @entity6 were excluded (final n   =   28,668). Cox regression models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs). In the analysis I, the RR of @entity6 to incident @entity210 (682 cases) was 0.77 (95% CI 0.60-0.97). In the analysis II, the RR of @entity210 to incident @entity6 (2223 cases) was 1.36 (1.12-1.63), but became insignificant after adjustment for @entity101 and BMI (1.00; 0.83-1.21). The @entity210 to @entity6 association was modified by BMI (Pinteraction   =   0.04) and @entity101 (Pinteraction   =   0.007), and it was marginally significant in adults with BMI<24 while significant among non-hypertensive @entity1 , but not in their counterparts. In conclusion, our results suggest that @entity6 is associated with a lower risk of incident @entity210 , while @entity210 is positively related to @entity6 among normal weight and non-hypertensive adults.

title: Bidirectional Association between XXXX and Gout: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The spice oil components @entity4744 and @entity7655 possess activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but the mechanisms of action remain obscure. In broth media at 20 degrees C, 5 mM @entity4744 or 30 mM @entity7655 was bactericidal (>1-log reduction in the number of CFU per milliliter in 1 h) to @entity5125 . At a concentration of 6 mM @entity4744 was bactericidal to @entity5210 , but treatment with 0.5 M @entity7655 had no significant effect. To investigate the role of interference with energy generation in the mechanism of action, the cellular and extracellular @entity855 levels of cells in HEPES buffer at 20 degrees C were measured. Treatment of nonenergized @entity5125 with 5 mM @entity4744 , 40 mM @entity7655 , or 10 microM @entity6320 ( @entity6320 ) for 5 min prevented an increase in the cellular @entity855 concentration upon addition of @entity413 . Treatment of energized @entity5125 with 40 mM @entity7655 or 10 microM CCCP caused a rapid decline in cellular @entity855 levels, but 5 mM @entity4744 had no effect on cellular @entity855 . Treatment of @entity5210 with 10 mM @entity4744 prevented @entity855 generation by nonenergized cells and had no effect on the cellular @entity855 of energized cells. CCCP at a concentration of 100 microM had no significant effect on the cellular @entity855 of @entity5210 . No significant changes in extracellular @entity855 were observed. Due to their rapidity, effects on energy generation clearly play a major role in the activity of @entity4744 and @entity7655 at bactericidal concentrations. The possible mechanisms of inhibition of energy generation are inhibition of @entity413 uptake or utilization of @entity413 and effects on membrane permeability.

title: Mechanisms of bactericidal action of XXXX against @entity5125 and of @entity4744 against @entity5125 and @entity5210 .

entities_list: @entity6320 :: ('MESH:D002258', 'Chemical') :: ['CCCP', 'carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone']

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes', 'L. monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5210 :: ('1599', 'Species') :: ['L. sakei', 'Lactobacillus sakei']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7655 :: (MESH:C012843,Chemical) :: ['cinnamaldehyde']


abstract: The @entity4243 ( @entity4243 ) is a clinically, genetically, and biochemically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by generalized connective tissue abnormalities. We studied collagen fibrils by electron microscopy in the dermis of nine individuals with clinical findings consistent with @entity15354 . In all @entity1 the collagen fibrils had an increased mean diameter (13 to 40%) and showed a higher degree of variability in width and shape than collagen fibrils from controls. Approximately 5% of the fibrils were much wider (up to 500 nm. versus 90 nm.), had a highly irregular outline when viewed in cross-section, and were spiraled and fragmented in longitudinal view. The periodicity of banding was normal. The mode of inheritance was dominant in five @entity1 , probably recessive in two, and could not be determined in the remaining two. Despite genetic heterogeneity among these @entity1 with @entity15354 , the ultrastructural findings are indistinguishable and do not allow discrimination in sporadic cases between the recessive and the more common dominant form. We conclude that abnormalities of fibrillogenesis are heterogeneous in origin; some might be due to primary defects in collagen whereas others may result from alterations of noncollagenous extracellular matrix components that influence collagen fibril formation.

title: Abnormal collagen fibril structure in the gravis form (type I) of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4243 :: ('MESH:D004535', 'Disease') :: ['EDS', 'Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15354 :: ('MESH:C536194', 'Disease') :: ['type I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity4243 :: (MESH:D004535,Disease) :: ['Ehlers-Danlos syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reactive @entity4750 ( @entity74 ) (with a precipitating factor) has been postulated to differ clinically from nonreactive @entity74 and to show a better prognosis. Our study tests this hypothesis in a sample of @entity1 with persistent @entity74 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) or @entity74 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition) followed during a period of more than 10 years. METHOD: As part of a long-term study on @entity74 , 19 @entity1 with @entity74 and a stressful life event preceding the onset of the disorder were compared with 24 @entity74 @entity1 without such a life event. Diagnoses, social and biographical data, life events, and outcome were assessed by a semistructured interview and validated rating scales. Personality features were assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory and by the Inventory of Clinical Personality Accentuations. RESULTS: @entity1 with reactive @entity74 tended to be somewhat younger but showed otherwise little differences to @entity1 with nonreactive @entity74 . In particular, there were no differences in the course of the disorder. However, @entity1 with reactive @entity74 were significantly more often in a stable relationship and showed higher values on @entity663 and more pronounced dependent and borderline personality accentuations in dimensional personality measures. CONCLUSIONS: Reactive @entity74 was not found to have a better prognosis than nonreactive @entity74 . However, the results suggest an increased vulnerability for interpersonal conflicts in these @entity1 .

title: Clinical course and personality in reactive, compared with nonreactive, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4750 :: ('MESH:D012563', 'Disease') :: ['delusional disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['neuroticism']

answer: @entity4750 :: (MESH:D012563,Disease) :: ['delusional disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence is crucial for public health program effectiveness, though the benefits of increasing adherence must ultimately be weighed against the associated costs. We sought to determine the relationship between investment in @entity497 and increased attendance at @entity5 screening appointments in Cape Town, South Africa. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted an observational study of 5,258 @entity497 home visits made in 2003-4 as part of a community-based screening program. We estimated the functional relationship between spending on these visits and increased appointment attendance (adherence). Increased adherence was noted after each subsequent @entity497 visit. The costs of making the @entity497 visits was based on resource use including both personnel time and vehicle-related expenses valued in 2004 Rand. The @entity497 program cost R194,018, with 1,576 additional appointments attended. Adherence increased from 74% to 90%; 55% to 87%; 48% to 77%; and 56% to 80% for 6-, 12-, 24-, and 36-month appointments. Average per- @entity1 costs increased by R14-R47. The majority of this increase occurred with the first 2 @entity497 visits (90%, 83%, 74%, and 77%; additional cost: R12-R26). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We found that study data can be used for program planning, identifying spending levels that achieve adherence targets given budgetary constraints. The results, derived from a single disease program, are retrospective, and should be prospectively replicated.

title: Program spending to increase adherence: South African XXXX screening.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CHW', 'community health worker (CHW) home visits']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Acute @entity75 is a disease group more commonly seen in @entity1 . It is often severe and has @entity16 . Imaging is important for early diagnosis and prompt treatment to ameliorate an unfavorable outcome, but insufficient sensitivity/specificity is a problem. To overcome this, a new value (fraction of high b-pair (FH)) that could be processed from clinically acceptable MR diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with three different b-values was designed on the basis of a two-compartment model of water diffusion signal attenuation. The purpose of this study is to compare FH with the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) regarding the detectability of pediatric acute @entity75 . We retrospectively compared the clinical DWI of 15 @entity1 (1-10 years old, mean 2.34, 8 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) of acute @entity75 with another 16 @entity1 (1-11 years old, mean 4.89, 9 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ) as control. A comparison was first made visually by mapping FH on the brain images, and then a second comparison was made on the basis of 10 regions of interest (ROIs) set on cortical and subcortical areas of each @entity1 . FH map visually revealed diffusely elevated FH in cortical and subcortical areas of the @entity1 with acute @entity75 ; the changes seemed more diffuse in FH compared to DWI. The comparison based on ROI revealed elevated mean FH in the cortical and subcortical areas of the acute @entity75 @entity1 compared to control with significant difference (P<0.05). Similar findings were observed even in regions where the findings of DWI were slight. The reduction of mean ADC was significant in regions with severe findings in DWI, but it was not constant in the areas with slighter DWI findings. The detectability of slight changes of cortical and @entity75 in acute @entity75 may be superior in FH compared to ADC.

title: Analysis of multiple B-value diffusion-weighted imaging in pediatric acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy', 'subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological sequelae']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: A novel epithelial cell from normal neonatal @entity35 lung has been isolated, established, and maintained for multiple passages in the absence of serum, without undergoing crisis or senescence. By careful manipulation of the nutrition/hormonal microenvironment, we have been able to select, from a heterogeneous population, a single epithelial cell type that can maintain highly differentiated features in vitro. This cell type has characteristics of bronchiolar epithelial cells. A clonal line, RL-65, has been selected and observed for greater than 2 yr in continuous culture. It has been characterized by ultrastructural, morphological, and biochemical criteria. The basal medium for this cell line is Ham's F12/Dulbecco's modified Eagle's (DME) medium plus insulin (1 micrograms/ml), @entity1 @entity69 (10 micrograms/ml), @entity8398 (10(-4) M), @entity2230 (10(-4) M), @entity4259 (2.5 x 10(-8) M), @entity701 (2.5 x 10(-7) M), and @entity1928 (5 microM). The addition of 150 micrograms/ml of @entity291 pituitary extract to the defined basal medium stimulates a greater than 10-fold increase in cell number and a 50- to 100-fold increase in @entity1014 incorporation. The addition of @entity1968 results in further enhancement of cell growth and complete inhibition of keratinization. We have demonstrated a strategy that may be applicable to isolating other cell types from the lung and maintaining their differentiated characteristics for long-term culture in vitro. Such a culture system promises to be a useful model in which to study cellular events associated with differentiation and proliferation in the lung and to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in these events.

title: A novel epithelial cell from neonatal XXXX lung: isolation and differentiated phenotype.

entities_list: @entity8398 :: ('MESH:D019856', 'Chemical') :: ['ethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity2230 :: ('MESH:C005448', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Orthotopic heart transplantation has become an accepted therapy for adult @entity1 with end-stage @entity299 . In newborns and @entity1 , this procedure is still controversial because of the unknown long-term results and the lack of donor organs. Since March 1988, we have performed orthotopic heart transplantation in 11 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1699 (n = 6), @entity296 (n = 4), or @entity11459 (n = 1). The smallest @entity1 was 3 days old and weighed 2,650 g. Four of 15 potential donors had to be refused for various medical reasons, and 4 were transferred to our hospital for organ retrieval. Seven hearts were procured remotely. We accepted weight mismatches up to 105% between donor and recipient. There were three perioperative @entity204 , two in @entity1 5 and 17 days old with @entity1699 and 1 in a 2-year-old @entity1 with a @entity384 . All 3 @entity1 had drug-resistant right @entity712 . A 2-year-old @entity1 with a @entity384 died 2 months after transplantation owing to severe @entity1151 originating from the superior vena cava. The remaining 7 @entity1 are alive and well between 1 month and 31 months after transplantation. Angiographic follow-up has not revealed signs of graft @entity731 at 2 years.

title: Pediatric heart transplantation for @entity299 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity11459 :: ('MESH:D004695', 'Disease') :: ['congenital endocardial fibroelastosis']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: Bacteria communicate with neighboring bacteria of the same species or of other species by means of chemical signaling molecules. The concentration of such signaling molecules is proportional to the bacterial population size; upon reaching a threshold concentration, corresponding to a threshold cell density, certain specialized genes are expressed. This system of communication among bacteria is known as quorum sensing (QS). QS regulates diverse behaviors, such as formation of biofilms and production of pathogenic factors. @entity1605 ( @entity1605 ) is a QS signaling molecule that is used for interspecies communication by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria are known to play an important role in many diseases, from @entity32 . Therefore, QS is involved in a variety of disorders of bacterial origin or where bacteria play a crucial pathogenic role. One such condition is @entity29 ( @entity29 ), a @entity32 of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that includes debilitating diseases, such as @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ). To date, noninvasive methods are unavailable for the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity29 . We hypothesized that detection of QS molecules in physiological samples, specifically saliva and stool specimens, would provide with a method for the noninvasive, early diagnosis and monitoring of @entity29 conditions. To that end, we developed and optimized a whole-cell sensing system for @entity1605 , which is based on @entity11784 BB170. Furthermore, we standardized and applied the biosensing system for the quantitative detection of @entity1605 in saliva, stool, and intestinal samples from @entity29 @entity1 .

title: Deciphering bacterial universal language by detecting the quorum sensing signal, XXXX , with a whole-cell sensing system.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'infections to chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11784 :: ('669', 'Species') :: ['Vibrio harveyi strain']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1605 :: (OMIM:217000,Disease) :: ['autoinducer-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deregulated RAS/ @entity19705 /MAPK and @entity3115 / @entity1994 / @entity3470 signaling pathways are found in @entity157 ( @entity157 ). This study aimed to test the inhibitory effects of @entity31797 (a small molecule inhibitor of @entity3115 and @entity3470 ) and @entity2857 as single agents and in combination on @entity157 tumorigenesis in an in vivo xenograft model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro study: @entity5959 proliferation was assayed by @entity665 incorporation and by @entity2454 ( @entity98 ) assay. Western blots were used to detect phosphorylation of the key enzymes in the two pathways. In vivo study: @entity1 @entity157 cell line @entity5959 was inoculated into @entity19 s.c. and the @entity19 were treated with @entity2857 (20 mg/kg/day) and @entity31797 (5 mg/kg, every 4 days). @entity5 size was measured every other day. @entity5 were isolated for western blot and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay detection of apoptosis and signaling pathway enzymes. RESULTS: Our in vitro study found that combination of @entity2857 and @entity31797 additively inhibited @entity5959 proliferation as compared to single-agent treatment. @entity2857 and @entity31797 as single agents differentially inhibited or activated key enzymes ( @entity13438 , @entity13436 , @entity1994 , @entity3470 , and @entity21026 ) in @entity3115 / @entity1994 / @entity3470 and @entity19705 /MAPK signaling pathways. Combination of @entity2857 and @entity31797 inhibited all the key enzymes in the two pathways. Our in vivo study demonstrated significant differences between control group, mono-drug groups and drug-combination group (p<0.05). Combination of @entity2857 and @entity31797 more efficiently inhibited tumorigenesis as compared to mono-drug treatments (p<0.032). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity31797 and @entity2857 has the advantage over mono-drug therapy on inhibition of @entity157 cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting both @entity3115 / @entity1994 / @entity3470 and @entity19705 /MAPK signaling pathways.

title: The role of @entity3115 / XXXX inhibition in combination with @entity2857 in @entity157 treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib', 'sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity21026 :: ('p|SUB|S|6|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['S6K']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enormous progress in treating @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) and shortening the time between the onset of @entity158 and intervention has been made in recent years. However, the time from the beginning of @entity158 to the call for help is still too long. AIM: To establish the causes of delayed call for help by @entity1187 @entity1 and to answer the question how to shorten that time. An additional aim was to examine the knowledge about @entity583 ( @entity583 ) among @entity1 with @entity1187 . METHODS: The study group consisted of 349 @entity1 treated for @entity1187 at the CCU. Nurses interviewed the @entity1 using a questionnaire focused on demographic data, @entity1187 characteristics, risk factors and situations which occurred between @entity158 onset and arrival at the CCU. The data were analysed in relation to sex, place of living, education level, professional activity, history of @entity583 , @entity6 , and @entity101 . RESULTS: The time between the onset of symptoms and the call for medical help ranged from 4 to 1140 min. The longest delay was reported by @entity1 aged 56-70 years. Half of them called for help later than after 3 hours. @entity1 waited longer than @entity1 . They also waited longer for an ambulance - 20 vs. 15 min (p <0.01). Professionally active @entity1 called for help sooner: 82.7 vs. 120.2 min (p=0.02). Warsaw inhabitants waited longer than those living in other towns and in rural areas (p=0.04). The main causes of delay were: being confident that symptoms would subside (201 @entity1 - 57.6%), or that the symptoms were not associated with @entity299 (45 @entity1 - 12.9%). The 41.5% of @entity1 knew what @entity583 was, 37.2% were familiar with features of ischaemic @entity662 . Symptoms of @entity158 were known to 44.4% of @entity1 with @entity1187 history vs. 32.2% of previously untreated (p=0.02), blood pressure levels were known to 51.4 vs. 45.4% (NS), and @entity165 to 29.9 vs. 20.0% (p=0.03). A general practitioner was mentioned as the source of information by 44.4% of @entity1 and a nurse - by 11.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The main cause of delayed call for help in @entity1187 @entity1 was a poor level of knowledge about @entity583 , risk factors and management at the time of @entity662 onset. Education concerning these issues should be started at school. Physicians, nurses and media should participate in the education.

title: XXXX --how to reduce the time from the onset of @entity662 to treatment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['Acute coronary syndrome']


abstract: Infrequent occurrence of spirochetes and rather low proportions of these organisms have been reported in localized @entity6223 , where periodontal lesions often harbour large numbers of @entity3841 , a suspected principal periopathogen strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of this and other forms of @entity7278 . We studied the association of @entity296 in a large population of @entity1 suffering from advanced @entity2521 . @entity527 from the deepest pockets of every quadrant of their dentitions was sampled and pooled in 70 @entity1 between 14 and 63 years of age, and analysed morphologically by phase-contrast microscopy. A minimum % similarity index was employed to define 4 clusters with different morphological composition of the floras. The actual proportion of A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined at 2 sites with @entity6885 . All clusters harboured @entity1 infected with A. actinomycetemcomitans. If present, in clusters predominated by motile rods or medium-sized spirochetes, the organism was found in rather low proportions (median 5.3% and 3.4%, respectively). However, the cluster with a pooled flora mainly consisting of coccoid cells revealed periodontal sites with A. actinomycetemcomitans in proportions of more than 53% (median), if the organism was present (p less than 0.01). We found a positive correlation between proportions of A. actinomycetemcomitans and cocci (R = 0.65) and negative correlations with spirochetes and motile rods (R = 0.61, R = -0.59, respectively). Cautious interpretation of @entity527 predominated by coccoid cells is recommended, if @entity6885 and obvious signs of @entity32 are present, since these pockets were found to be often infected with large numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans.

title: Morphological compositions of subgingival microbiota in XXXX -associated @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans with the morphological composition of the subgingival microbiota']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['subgingival plaque', 'Subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity6885 :: ('MESH:D010514', 'Disease') :: ['deep periodontal pockets']

entities_list: @entity6223 :: ('MESH:D010520', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

answer: @entity3841 :: (714,Species) :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']


abstract: 1. The transient outward current exhibited by the @entity112 neurones of the tuberomammillary nucleus was studied using the single-electrode voltage clamp technique in an in vitro @entity35 hypothalamic slice preparation. 2. The transient outward current exhibited steady-state inactivation at the resting potential. Inactivation was removed by priming hyperpolarization with a V1/2 of -85 +/- 1.2 mV, while the V1/2 for activation was -60.3 +/- 2.1 mV. 3. The decay of the transient outward current was best fitted by two exponentials with time constants of 104 +/- 36 and 568 +/- 128 ms. These two components were provisionally termed IA,f and IA,s for the fast and slowly decaying currents, respectively. 4. Removal of inactivation was time dependent; inactivation was fully removed by hyperpolarizing pulses to -110 mV of 200 ms or greater duration. Removal of inactivation of IA,f was rapid, becoming complete with hyperpolarizing pre-pulses of 50 ms or greater, while removal of inactivation of IA,s was not complete until hyperpolarizing pre-pulses were 200 ms in duration. 5. The fast decaying current IA,f was selectively blocked by 1 mM- @entity973 . @entity5128 (10 mM) had no effect on either IA,f or IA,s. 6. The inactivation curves for IA,s, determined both by using the values obtained from the amplitude of the computed slower exponential function as well as that of the current remaining in 1 mM @entity973 , were negative to those of IA,f. Similarly derived activation curves for IA,s were positive to those of IA,f. 7. Superfusion with a nominal 0 Ca2+ medium containing 10 mM-Mg2+ did not reduce the maximal transient outward current. 8. The reversal potential of IA,s with 2.5 mM-K+ in the medium was -95 +/- 3 mV; the reversal potential of IA,f was at least 15 mV negative to that of IA,s. 9. It is concluded that histaminergic tuberomammillary neurones possess at least two transient outward currents which can be distinguished on the basis of their rates of decay, @entity973 sensitivity, voltage dependence and reversal potentials.

title: Two transient outward currents in @entity112 neurones of the XXXX hypothalamus in vitro.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['Tetraethylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: Endovenous laser ablation may be associated with significant @entity158 when performed under standard local tumescent anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of @entity2096 for @entity1337 during endovenous ablation in @entity1 with lower extremity @entity4096 . METHODS: During a 28-month period, ultrasound-guided femoral or sciatic nerve blocks were performed to provide @entity1337 during endovenous laser ablation in 506 legs and 307 @entity1 . The femoral block (n  =  402) was performed at the level of the inguinal ligament, and the sciatic block at the posterior midthigh (n  =  124), by injecting a diluted @entity3303 solution under ultrasound guidance. After the blocks, endovenous laser ablations and other treatments (phlebectomy or foam sclerotherapy) were performed in the standard fashion. After the procedures, a visual analogue @entity158 scale (1-10) was used for @entity158 assessment. RESULTS: After the blocks, @entity158 scores were 0 or 1 (no @entity158 ) in 240 legs, 2 or 3 (uncomfortable) in 225 legs, and 4 or 5 (annoying) in 41 legs. @entity1 never experienced any @entity158 higher than score 5. The statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the @entity158 scores of the right leg versus the left leg (p  =  0.321) and between the @entity158 scores after the femoral versus sciatic block (p  =  0.7). CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided @entity2096 may provide considerable reduction of @entity158 during endovenous laser and other treatments, such as ambulatory phlebectomy and foam sclerotherapy. They may make these procedures more comfortable for the @entity1 and easier for the operator.

title: US-guided XXXX for @entity1337 during endovenous laser ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral and sciatic nerve blocks']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral and sciatic nerve blocks']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Sleep @entity386 is a modifiable independent @entity64 risk factor and is associated with poor @entity64 outcomes. Mexican Americans have a higher incidence of @entity64 than non-Hispanic whites. In a biethnic community, we sought to determine the frequency of screening, testing, and treatment of @entity387 among @entity64 survivors and to compare self-perceived risk of @entity387 with actual risk. METHODS: A survey was mailed to @entity385 survivors in the @entity75 in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project. The survey included the validated @entity387 screening tool, the Berlin questionnaire, and queried the frequency of @entity387 screening by symptoms, formal sleep testing, and treatment. Self-perceived risk and actual high risk of @entity387 were compared using McNemar's test. RESULTS: Of the 193 respondents (49% response rate), 54% were Mexican American. Forty-eight percent of respondents had a high risk of @entity387 based on the Berlin questionnaire, whereas only 19% thought they were likely to have @entity387 (P<0.01). There was no difference in the proportion of respondents at high risk of @entity387 between Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites (48% versus 51%, P=0.73). Less than 20% of respondents had undergone @entity387 screening, testing, or treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 survivors perceive their risk of @entity387 to be lower than their actual risk. Despite a significant proportion of both Mexican American and non-Hispanic white @entity64 survivors at high risk of @entity387 , few undergo symptom screening, testing, or treatment. Both @entity64 survivors and physicians may benefit from educational interventions.

title: Sleep @entity386 risk among mexican american and non-Hispanic white XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Attack Surveillance']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study addresses the relationship between cell cycle control protein @entity876 , apoptosis inhibitor gene survivin, and chemotherapy resistance protein @entity1262 ( @entity1262 ) expression, and their prognostic impact in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). METHODS: A group consisting of 104 @entity1 with @entity1358 was included from a predefined period of time. The median follow-up was 46 months. @entity5 stage was defined according to the 2002 @entity5 -Node- @entity3 staging system, and Fuhrman nuclear grading was used. Expression of @entity876 , survivin, and @entity1262 was assessed on immunohistochemically stained slides of the representative blocks of the @entity5 . RESULTS: A significant relationship was found between survival and histologic subtype (P = 0.001), @entity5 stage (P = 0.011), and @entity5 grade (P < 0.001). Although there was inverse correlation between @entity876 expression and stage (P = 0.014) and grade (P = 0.04), no correlation was observed with the histopathologic type or survival. There was no correlation between survivin expression and histologic subtype, stage, or survival, but there was a significant inverse correlation between survivin expression and @entity5 grade (P = 0.018). No significant correlation was found between any parameters tested, and @entity1262 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Survivin, @entity1262 , and @entity876 expression do not play a role in prognosis of @entity1358 . Our results suggest that survivin expression may be positively regulated by mutant @entity876 in @entity1358 , and this expression may have an impact on resistance to chemotherapy in @entity1358 .

title: Significance of @entity1262 , XXXX , and survivin expression in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age-related peripheral @entity393 ( @entity393 ) is prevalent, treatable, and may be a risk factor for @entity303 in older adults. In prospective analysis, we quantified the association of @entity393 with incident @entity303 and with domain-specific @entity73 in memory, perceptual speed, and processing speed. METHODS: Data were from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study, a biracial cohort of well-functioning adults aged 70-79 years. @entity303 was defined using a prespecified algorithm incorporating medication use, hospital records, and neurocognitive test scores. A pure-tone average in decibels @entity393 level (dBHL) was calculated in the better @entity393 ear using thresholds from 0.5 to 4kHz, and @entity393 was defined as normal @entity393 ( <=25 dBHL), mild (26-40 dBHL), and moderate/severe (>40 dBHL). Associations between @entity393 and incident @entity303 and between @entity393 and @entity73 were modeled using Cox proportional hazards models and linear mixed models, respectively. RESULTS: Three-hundred eighty seven (20%) @entity1 had moderate/severe @entity393 , and 716 (38%) had mild @entity393 . After adjustment for demographic and cardiovascular factors, moderate/severe audiometric @entity393 (vs. normal @entity393 ) was associated with increased risk of incident @entity303 over 9 years (hazard ratio: 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10, 2.19). Other than poorer baseline memory performance (difference of -0.24 SDs, 95% CI: -0.44, -0.04), no associations were observed between @entity393 and rates of domain-specific @entity73 during 7 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity393 is associated with increased risk of developing @entity303 in older adults. Randomized trials are needed to determine whether treatment of @entity393 could postpone @entity303 onset in older adults.

title: Hearing Impairment and Incident XXXX and @entity73 in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive change', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['HI', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impairment', 'hearing']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology of cerebrovascular events in @entity1 given or not given fibrinolytic treatment and to assess the prognostic implications and risk factors. DESIGN: Case series derived from the GISSI randomised trial. SETTING: 176 coronary care units in Italy giving various levels of care. @entity1 : 5860 @entity1 with @entity583 treated with 1.5 million units of intravenous streptokinase and 5852 @entity1 not given fibrinolytic treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cerebrovascular event, sex, age, blood pressure, history of previous @entity1188 , site of @entity1188 , and Killip class. RESULTS: 99 of 11,712 @entity1 (0.84%) had a cerebrovascular event. Older age, worse Killip class, and anterior location of @entity1188 seemed to be risk factors for cerebrovascular events (40/3201 aged 65-75 v 42/7295 aged less than 65, odds ratio 2.18; 9/437 class 3 v 55/8277 class 1, 1.81; and 57/4878 anterior v 24/4013 posterior, 1.96). No significant difference was found in the rate of cerebrovascular events between @entity1 treated with streptokinase and controls (45/5852 (0.92%) streptokinase v 54/5860 (0.77) control). More @entity1 in the streptokinase group than in the control group had cerebrovascular events (especially @entity548 ) on day 0-1 after randomisation (27 streptokinase v 7, control), although this was balanced by late events in control @entity1 (54 streptokinase v 45 control at one year). The mortality of @entity1 who had a cerebrovascular event was higher than that of those who did not (47% (47/99) v 11.6% (1350/11,613]. CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of cerebrovascular events complicating @entity583 was low, they increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment with streptokinase did not significantly alter the incidence, but age and poor haemodynamic state were associated with an increased risk.

title: Cerebrovascular events after XXXX : analysis of the GISSI trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic strokes']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been 13 years since the discovery of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Our report provides the first description of hESC-derived cells transplanted into @entity1 @entity1 . METHODS: We started two prospective clinical studies to establish the safety and tolerability of subretinal transplantation of hESC-derived @entity989 ( @entity989 ) in @entity1 with @entity1020 and dry age-related @entity1020 --the leading cause of @entity1939 in the developed world. Preoperative and postoperative ophthalmic examinations included visual acuity, @entity941 angiography, optical coherence tomography, and visual field testing. These studies are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT01345006 and NCT01344993. FINDINGS: Controlled hESC differentiation resulted in greater than 99% pure @entity989 . The cells displayed typical @entity989 behaviour and integrated into the host @entity989 layer forming mature quiescent monolayers after transplantation in animals. The stage of differentiation substantially affected attachment and survival of the cells in vitro after clinical formulation. Lightly pigmented cells attached and spread in a substantially greater proportion (>90%) than more darkly pigmented cells after culture. After surgery, structural evidence confirmed cells had attached and continued to persist during our study. We did not identify signs of hyperproliferation, abnormal growth, or immune mediated transplant rejection in either @entity1 during the first 4 months. Although there is little agreement between investigators on @entity227 in @entity1 with @entity4064 , it is encouraging that during the observation period neither @entity1 lost vision. Best corrected visual acuity improved from hand motions to 20/800 (and improved from 0 to 5 letters on the Early Treatment @entity6 Study [ETDRS] visual acuity chart) in the study eye of the @entity1 with @entity1020 , and vision also seemed to improve in the @entity1 with dry age-related @entity1020 (from 21 ETDRS letters to 28). INTERPRETATION: The hESC-derived @entity989 cells showed no signs of hyperproliferation, tumorigenicity, ectopic tissue formation, or apparent rejection after 4 months. The future therapeutic goal will be to treat @entity1 earlier in the disease processes, potentially increasing the likelihood of photoreceptor and central visual rescue. FUNDING: Advanced Cell Technology.

title: Embryonic stem cell trials for XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual endpoints']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ["Stargardt's macular dystrophy", 'macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: A study was made of 45 @entity1 suffering from @entity627 ( @entity730 ). There were 36 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 aged between 15 and 61 years with an average age of 14. The following joints were involved (the first figure refers to clinical affection, that between brackets to radiologically demonstrable @entity730 ): shoulder 34 (36); neck 14 (15); wrist 18 (11); fingers 19 (17); hip 11 (29); knee 14 (18); ankle 10 (14); foot 5 (6); spinal column 16 (24). In 30 @entity1 the disease manifested itself in the form of acute recurrent @entity625 resembling @entity210 . In 8 cases, it developed in the form of acute recurrent @entity625 resembling @entity210 . In 8 cases, it developed in the form of acute @entity625 and in 7 as @entity309 without @entity75 . Thirty-two @entity1 could be followed up. Four of them were cured, 9 showed improvement but still suffered attacks of @entity158 . Eighteen @entity1 were not improved, their @entity158 growing more chronic. Four @entity1 had a family history of @entity730 .

title: [ @entity627 ( XXXX ). I.- Clinical study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['hydroxyapatite rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['radiological lesions']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications', 'multiple tendon calcifications disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['multiple tendon calcification disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2416 is a @entity358 with poor outcome and no effective treatment to date. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2003. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of non- @entity134 agents in adults with @entity2416 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Register (30 March 2010), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2010), Ovid MEDLINE to March week 5, 2010, EMBASE to week 13, 2010 and PubMed to April 2010, with additional handsearching, including abstracts of international conferences. We also contacted pharmaceutical companies and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised studies comparing non- @entity134 drugs with placebo or @entity230 in adults with @entity2416 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed trial quality, extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted pharmaceutical companies to obtain missing information, if any. We combined survival outcomes using Peto odds ratios or hazard ratios (HR). MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen trials involving 10 different drugs were included. Two trials enrolling 1156 @entity1 compared interferon gamma-1beta with placebo: interferon gamma-1beta did not significantly improve survival (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.47 to 1.64; P = 0.68). Four trials involving 1155 @entity1 compared @entity3131 with placebo. Three trials, conducted in 1046 @entity1 , provided data on progression-free survival: @entity3131 significantly reduced the risk of disease progression by 30% (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.88, P = 0.002). Data on the effect of @entity3131 on pulmonary function could only be assessed for two studies analysing 314 @entity1 . Forced vital capacity or vital capacity was significantly improved by @entity3131 (mean difference 0.08 L, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.13, P = 0.0006). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Based on available data, partly still unpublished, @entity3131 appears to improve progression-free survival and, to a lesser extent, pulmonary function in @entity1 with @entity2416 . More data are needed on overall survival and quality of life on treatment. From the studies in this review, interferon gamma-1beta has not been shown to affect survival. Other agents evaluated in single studies either failed to provide evidence for a benefit or need to be assessed in larger randomised controlled trials.

title: Non- @entity134 agents for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3131 :: ('MESH:C093844', 'Chemical') :: ['pirfenidone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['chronic progressive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: AIMS: Catheter burden after pelvic reconstructive surgery is an important @entity1 -reported quality of life outcome in research and clinical practice. However, existing tools focus on long-term catheter users rather than short-term postoperative @entity1 . The study aim was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a modified version of the intermittent self-catheterization questionnaire (ISC-Q) in postoperative pelvic reconstructive @entity1 . METHODS: After experts convened to discuss and modify the ISC-Q items based on their knowledge of @entity1 's experiences and clinical practices, 178 @entity1 (108 with transurethral and 70 with suprapubic catheters) completed the modified scale and other measures as part of a larger parent study designed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following pelvic reconstructive surgery requiring @entity1494 . RESULTS: During psychometric testing, the modified ISC-Q was reduced to six items encompassing two factors: a three-item difficulty of use factor and a 3-item embarrassment factor. The new scale was named the short-term catheter burden questionnaire (STCBQ). The two-factor model was robust in both subsamples. Only scores within and not between subsamples can be meaningfully compared due to a lack of scalar invariance. Correlations among STCBQ total scores, subscores, and a single satisfaction item indicated good construct validity. Correlations with @entity1 demographics provided further information about the scale. CONCLUSIONS: The STCBQ is a short, efficient assessment of short-term catheter burden following pelvic reconstructive surgery. The scale can be used as an important @entity1 reported outcome measure in clinical practice and research. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Development and psychometric properties of a measure of catheter burden with XXXX after pelvic reconstructive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder drainage']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder drainage']


abstract: CONTEXT: Concern exists that @entity251 replacement therapy (TRT) might increase the risk of @entity4623 . There is limited data regarding the impact of TRT on prostate @entity342 concentrations. OBJECTIVE: Determine the dose-dependent effects of exogenous @entity251 (T) administration on intraprostatic @entity342 concentrations. DESIGN: 12-week, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center @entity1 : 62 healthy eugonadal @entity1 , aged 25-55 years. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomly assigned to receive injections of @entity23653 , a @entity1176 antagonist (to achieve medical castration) every 2 weeks, plus transdermal T gel (1.25g, 2.5g, 5.0g, 10g or 15g daily), or placebo injections and transdermal gel for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES: Serum T and @entity587 were measured at baseline and every 2 weeks during treatment. Intraprostatic T and @entity587 concentrations were assessed from tissue obtained through ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsies at week 12. Androgens were quantified by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: 51 @entity1 completed the study and were included in analysis. There were no significant adverse events. Exogenous T resulted in dose-dependent increase in serum T and @entity587 concentrations (190-770 and 60-180 ng/dL, respectively). While intraprostatic T differed among dose groups (p=0.01), intraprostatic @entity587 was comparable regardless of T dose (p=0.11) and 10-20-fold greater than intraprostatic T. CONCLUSIONS: In healthy, medically castrate @entity1 receiving exogenous T, the total intraprostatic @entity342 concentration (predominantly @entity587 ) remained stable across serum T concentrations within the physiologic range. These findings further our knowledge of the relationship between serum and intraprostatic @entity3800 and suggest physiologic serum T achieved by TRT is unlikely to alter the prostate hormonal milieu.

title: Stable Intraprostatic Dihydrotestosterone in Healthy Medically Castrate @entity1 Treated with Exogenous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['prostate disease']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['Testosterone']


abstract: In our study, 213 healthy Czech @entity1 aged 20 to 65 years were examined and divided into fully reproductive, premenopausal, menopausal and postmenopausal groups. In all subjects body composition was determined by classical anthropometry and metabolic profile was assessed. A total of 146 subjects completed 3-year longitudinal study. Total and LDL @entity165 increased and ratio HDL/total @entity165 decreased with age (p<0.001), most significantly in menopause. @entity1674 increased only up to menopause. HDL had a very slight trend to decrease in menopause and postmenopause. Fasting blood @entity413 level increased progressively (p<0.001), in postmenopause frequently exceeded normal range. Higher BMI, total fat mass and central fat indices were associated with higher total and LDL @entity165 , @entity1674 , C-peptide, insulin and fasting blood @entity413 level (p<0.001; fasting blood @entity413 level to waist-to-hip ratio: p<0.01) and lower HDL @entity165 (p<0.001). Higher C-peptide and insulin were associated with lower HDL @entity165 and higher @entity1674 (p<0.001). Fasting @entity413 correlated with LDL @entity165 (p<0.01). Higher @entity443 was associated with higher HDL and lower LDL @entity165 (p<0.001). Hormone replacement treatment was related to lower fasting blood @entity413 level in postmenopausal @entity1 (p<0.01). Oral contraception is suggestive of a positive influence on lipid spectrum by increasing the ratio HDL/total @entity165 . Markers of lipid and @entity1735 metabolism are not only age-related, but they are also related to BMI, total fat mass and central fat indices. Therefore, preventive programs should be focused above all on menopausal @entity1 .

title: Metabolic profile and XXXX ( @entity443 ) in different reproductive phases of Czech @entity1 and their relations to weight, body composition and fat distribution.

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triacylglycerols', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity443 :: (6462,Gene) :: ['sex hormone binding globulin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2182 is the most frequent type of @entity322 in the elderly; its main symptoms are frequency, urgency and urge- @entity322 . The diagnosis is based on urodynamic testing; however, a few years ago Abrams and Wein proposed a new clinical approach to @entity2182 . AIMS: The main aims of this study were: firstly to determine the prevalence of @entity2182 in elderly @entity1 with established @entity322 ; secondly, to describe the main clinical features of this condition; and finally to describe its urodynamic patterns. METHODS: A retrospective study of the medical records and urodynamic data of 682 older @entity1 with @entity322 who underwent urodynamic testing. RESULTS: The sample included 682 @entity1 (350 @entity1 , and 332 @entity1 ), with a mean age of 73.24 years. The most frequent symptoms were: frequency; urge- @entity322 and @entity322 at cough. Mixed types of @entity2182 were more common than isolated @entity2182 ; @entity1876 was associated chiefly with @entity2182 . A postvoiding residual urine over >100 ml was found in 136 @entity1 (20 of the entire sample). In this subgroup, the urinary symptoms were similar to those of the rest of the sample. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the urodynamic study is very useful in identifying the type of @entity322 .

title: " XXXX ": Main urinary symptoms and urodynamic patterns in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['bladder outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['Overactive bladder', 'overactive bladder']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['Overactive bladder']