abstract: In the present study we investigate the optimal methodology for determination of the nasal carriage rate of @entity794 . Tests were performed on 91 healthy laboratory staff. The reproducibility of different sampling, transportation, storage and culture methods was examined. We compared sterile dry @entity2708 wool swabs with sterile dry @entity2708 wool swabs impregnated with charcoal and 5% blood agar plates with @entity2656 salt agar plates after different incubation periods. Finally, we investigated the detection rate for @entity794 following direct plating compared to storage in Stuart's transport medium for 7 days. There were no differences in isolation rates from the right or left nostril using either @entity2708 or charcoal swabs. Charcoal swabs gave an increased isolation rate as compared to @entity2708 swabs, and incubation in broth enrichment medium containing 6.5% @entity1219 also increased the isolation rate. Storage in Stuart's transport medium for 7 days gave an increase in isolation rate as compared to direct plating on blood agar. With @entity2656 salt agar plates the increase in isolation rate when incubation was performed for from 2 to 4, 2 to 7, and 4 to 7 days was 5.9%, 16.7%, and 11.5%, respectively. For the detection of @entity794 nasal carriers we find the use of charcoal swabs and Stuart's transport medium combined with cultivation on @entity2656 salt agar for 7 days to be the optimal method.

title: Evaluation of methods for the detection of nasal carriage of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To overview and evaluate the main findings, methodological shortcomings, and time trends of the recent @entity146 epidemiology studies in @entity233 , as well as to provide areas prone for development in forthcoming research. METHOD: PubMed and Turkish Psychiatry Index were screened to identify relevant studies. Any epidemiological study from 2000 to 2012 with a general population or unique sub-population sample was included. Papers and results were classified as @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity716 , dissociative, conversion, personality, @entity167 and @entity734 , and @entity74 , and common @entity74 . RESULTS: There are various epidemiological studies on various @entity146 in @entity233 . However, there are main shortcomings and trends in research that subsequently stagnate current @entity146 epidemiological research. First, epidemiological studies were mainly conducted for academic purposes, not for addressing epidemiological issues or issues of health policy. Second, studies mainly focused on particular fields and institutions, which led to non-systematic accumulation of epidemiological results. Third, although @entity233 is a natural laboratory of social conflicts and disasters, there were few studies with a focus on probable outcomes. Fourth, high-quality epidemiological studies with disseminating results tended to decrease, even in common @entity146 such as @entity308 . Fifth, there were very few epidemiological studies using contemporary designs such as follow-up, genetic, or biomarker data in the general-population. CONCLUSION: Although @entity146 epidemiological studies of the last decade provide a suitable ground for future challenges, current trends in this research area has tended to stagnate, despite the potential for unique contributions. Forthcoming studies and researchers may notice novel methodological developments in epidemiology, with a growing attention on rapid urbanization, natural disasters, social conflicts, and migration.

title: [Psychiatric epidemiology in XXXX : main advances in recent studies and future directions].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['geriatric disorders', 'trauma-related disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: Transgenic animals offer many advantages for physiological study. The @entity19 is the most extensively utilized @entity1 model for gene modification. Isolated ventricular myocytes are pivotal for assessment of cardiac function by allowing direct cellular and environmental manipulation without interference from compensatory mechanisms that may exist in vivo. This study was designed to compare the basic excitation-contraction coupling properties of @entity19 and @entity35 ventricular myocytes. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from age- and gender-matched @entity19 (FVB and C57BL/6) and @entity35 (Sprague-Dawley (SD) and @entity35 ). Mechanical and intracellular @entity141 properties were measured with an IonOptix SoftEdge system, including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS), time-to-90% relengthening (TR(90)), maximal velocity of shortening and relengthening (+/-dL/dt), and intracellular @entity141 @entity593 fluorescence intensity and decay rate (tau). Resting cell length was variable among the different species or strains. PS from FVB group was significantly higher than the SD group. TPS and TR(90) were significantly shorter in @entity19 . +dL/dt was similar among all groups whereas -dL/dt was significantly faster in the C57BL/6 group compared to the @entity35 groups. Resting intracellular @entity141 was lower in @entity19 than in @entity35 , and @entity141 -induced @entity141 release was variable among the four groups. Intracellular @entity141 decay was slower in @entity35 compared to all other groups. The myocytes from C57BL/6 did not respond to increases in extracellular @entity141 . Myocytes from the FVB group exhibited a lesser reduction in PS in response to elevated stimulus frequency. These data suggest that inherent differences between strains or species should be taken into consideration when comparing results from these different animal models.

title: Comparison of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in isolated ventricular myocytes between XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of clinical and radiographic data was performed at a single institution. OBJECTIVES: To compare clinical and radiologic outcomes between unilateral and bilateral laminotomies for bilateral decompression in @entity1 with L4   L5 @entity612 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Laminotomy has been shown to be comparable with laminectomy with the advantage of potentially maintaining more stability by preserving more of the osseous structures. However, the comparison between unilateral and bilateral laminotomies is available only for short-term follow-up. METHODS: Fifty-three @entity1 at one institution having decompressive surgery for L4   L5 @entity612 , including grade 1 degenerative spondylolisthesis without instability, were entered into this study with a minimum of 3-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes were assessed with visual analog scale for back and leg @entity158 and the @entity717 index. Radiographic measurements were performed and included translational motion, angular motion, and epidural cross-sectional area. RESULTS: The average age of the @entity1 was 62.4 years (range: 31   82). The mean follow-up period was 49.3 months (range: 40   61). Clinical outcomes and complication rates were similar in both groups. Intraoperative @entity190 and operative time were less in the unilateral laminotomy group. Radiographically, the amount of increased translational motion was significantly increased in the bilateral laminotomy group (P 0.012), but the amount of @entity16028 was not significantly different (P 0.195) between the two groups. Postoperative radiographic instability was detected more frequently in bilateral laminotomy group than in the unilateral group, without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Both unilateral and bilateral laminotomies provide sufficient decompression of @entity612 and excellent @entity158 reduction. However, unilateral laminotomy can be performed with shorter operative times and less @entity190 . Radiologically, the use of a unilateral laminotomy induces less translational motion increase after surgery; thus, it may reduce the risk of late instability when compared with a bilateral laminotomy.

title: A comparison of unilateral and bilateral laminotomies for decompression of L4-L5 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry disability']

entities_list: @entity16028 :: ('MESH:D065170', 'Disease') :: ['increased angular motion']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['spinal stenosis']


abstract: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new formulation of @entity10641 provided in table form. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, dose-ranging study. A total of 196 @entity1 with @entity1007 who were following a low-fat, low- @entity165 diet (NCEP Step I diet), and having mean low-density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) levels greater-than-or-equal4.14 mmol L(minus sign1) (160 mg dl(minus sign1)) and less-than-or-equal6.46 mmol L(minus sign1) (250 mg dl(minus sign1)) were studied. Study medication was taken twice daily, with breakfast and supper, for 8 weeks. The five parallel treatment groups consisted of @entity10641 tablets 1, 2, 4, and 8 g BID, and matching placebo tablets BID. The main outcome measures were absolute change and percent change from baseline in selected lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein measurements; @entity11429 was considered primary. Statistically significant (p less-than-or-equal 0.05) dose-dependent reductions in @entity11429 from 5.2% to 25.8% and in total @entity165 from 2.8% to 16.8% were observed. @entity10641 tablet treatment also resulted in statistically significant dose-dependent increases in LpAl levels reaching 25.8% at 16 g day(minus sign1). The treatment was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. @entity10641 administered in tablet form was efficacious in lowering @entity11429 and total @entity165 and was well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity1007 .

title: Dose--Response Study of XXXX Tablets in @entity1 with Moderate @entity1007 .

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['primary hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity10641 :: ('MESH:D003084', 'Chemical') :: ['colestipol', 'Colestipol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity10641 :: (MESH:D003084,Chemical) :: ['Colestipol']


abstract: @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) is an integral part of @entity263 treatment across all stages and risk groups. Immunotherapy using a live, attenuated, @entity5125 -based vaccines have been shown previously to be highly efficient in stimulating anti- @entity5 responses to impact on the growth of @entity5 in different @entity5 models. Here, we evaluated the combination of @entity1161 and immunotherapy using @entity5125 -based vaccine (ADXS31-142) in a @entity19 model of @entity263 . @entity19 bearing PSA-expressing TPSA23 @entity5 were divided to 5 groups receiving no treatment, ADXS31-142, @entity1161 (10  Gy), control Listeria vector and combination of ADXS31-142 and @entity1161 . Tumor growth curve was generated by measuring the @entity5 volume biweekly. Tumor tissue, spleen, and sera were harvested from each group for IFN-y ELISpot, intracellular cytokine assay, tetramer analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. There was a significant @entity5 growth delay in @entity19 that received combined ADXS31-142 and @entity1161 treatment as compared with @entity19 of other cohorts and this combined treatment causes complete regression of their @entity5 in 60  % of the @entity19 . ELISpot and immunohistochemistry of CD8+  cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) showed a significant increase in IFN-y production in @entity19 with combined treatment. Tetramer analysis showed a fourfold and a greater than 16-fold increase in PSA-specific CTLs in animals receiving ADXS31-142 alone and combination treatment, respectively. A similar increase in infiltration of CTLs was observed in the @entity5 tissues. Combination therapy with @entity1161 and Listeria PSA vaccine causes significant @entity5 regression by augmenting PSA-specific immune response and it could serve as a potential treatment regimen for @entity263 .

title: Combined immunotherapy with @entity5125 -based PSA vaccine and radiation therapy leads to a therapeutic response in a XXXX model of @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'Radiation therapy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: @entity35 were exposed to osmotic stress either acutely, over periods of 1 or 4 h, or chronically, over several days. In acute experiments, hyposmolality was induced by intraperitoneal infusion of dilute @entity413 or @entity2656 solutions, whereas hyperosmolality was induced by use of @entity2827 , concentrated @entity413 or @entity2656 solutions, or @entity1133 . Chronic @entity3489 was induced by daily administration of @entity2827 to water-deprived animals; chronic @entity2753 was induced by daily injection of antidiuretic hormone supplemented with @entity413 . Animals were made hyperglycemic using @entity3839 or uremic by ureteral ligation. Where appropriate, animals were anesthetized with @entity37625 (Inaktin) or ether. In acute experiments, analysis of the composition of the cardiac ventricle, diaphragm, liver, and renal cortex showed no evidence of cell volume regulatory processes involving transmembrane movement of @entity972 ions. There was a small but significant increase in free @entity1522 [measured as @entity734 ( @entity734 )] in cardiac muscle exposed to hypertonic solutions of @entity2827 and @entity413 but not when plasma osmolality was raised using @entity2656 . In cerebral cortical tissue, after 4 h of exposure to acute @entity4372 by infusion of @entity2827 or @entity413 , there was a significant increase in tissue @entity972 content and a slight increase in @entity734 content. In chronic experiments, tissue analysis revealed good evidence for cellular volume readjustment only in cerebral cortex and heart. In the cortex, levels of free @entity1522 , principally @entity2226 and @entity2227 (plus @entity1160 ), showed large increases during @entity3489 and @entity4854 and corresponding decreases during hyposmolality. In heart the principal @entity535 present was @entity2226 , and it, together with @entity492 and @entity2227 (plus @entity1160 ), showed large changes under osmotic stress. Other tissues analyzed showed only small changes in composition.

title: Response of tissues of the XXXX to anisosmolality in vivo.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonicity']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity37625 :: ('MESH:C004316', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobutabarbital']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3489 :: ('MESH:D006955', 'Disease') :: ['hypernatremia']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ninhydrin-positive substance', 'NPS']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: To determine the rate of use and non-use of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes among @entity1 with @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity135 undergoing PEG between January 1, 2004 and June 30, 2006 were identified. @entity1 (or their next-of-kin) were surveyed by phone and all available medical records and @entity5 registry data were reviewed. Prophylactic PEG was defined as placement in the absence of @entity1282 and prior to radiation or chemoradiation. Each @entity1 with a prophylactic PEG was assessed for @entity5 diagnosis, type of therapy, PEG use, and complications related to PEG. RESULTS: One hundred and three @entity1 had PEG tubes placed for @entity135 . Thirty four @entity1 (33%) could not be contacted for follow-up. Of the 23 (22.3%) @entity1 with prophylactic PEG tubes, 11/23 (47.8%) either never used the PEG or used it for less than 2 wk. No association with PEG use vs non-use was observed for @entity5 diagnosis, stage, or specific @entity5 treatment. Non-use or limited use was observed in 3/6 (50%) treated with radiation alone vs 8/17 (47.1%) treated with chemoradiation (P = 1.0), and 3 of 10 (30%) treated with surgery vs 8 of 13 (62%) not treated with surgery (P = 0.21). Minor complications were reported in 5/23 (21.7%). One (4.3%) major complication was reported. CONCLUSION: There is a high rate of unnecessary PEG placement when done prophylactically in @entity1 with @entity135 .

title: Prophylactic PEG placement in XXXX : how many feeding tubes are unused (and unnecessary)?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: Recent observations indicate that @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition corrects @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The mechanism for this association is not known. We examined the effect of @entity1289 inhibition on hematocrit, @entity1307 ( @entity1307 ), and @entity916 substrate. @entity1289 inhibition has been reported to suppress @entity916 substrate, which is known to stimulate @entity1307 and erythropoiesis. In 15 @entity1 with @entity8 , hematocrit dropped from 52.8 +/- 0.6 (SEM) to 45.8 +/- 1.4% after 8 weeks of treatment with @entity4688 , 2.5-20 mg/day. Serum @entity1307 (normal range: 9-30 mU/ml) was high in one, normal in seven, and low in seven @entity1 . @entity1289 inhibition reduced @entity1307 in @entity1 with initial high or normal levels but induced no change in @entity1 with initial low levels. @entity1289 inhibition had no significant effect on @entity916 substrate. In one @entity1 who rejected his first graft, erythrocytosis recurred following a second, successful transplant. Treatment was discontinued because of cough in two @entity1 and symptomatic drop in blood pressure in one @entity1 . We conclude @entity8 is not caused by hypererythropoietinemia. In @entity1 with normal circulating @entity1307 , erythrocytosis may result from an increase sensitivity to @entity1307 , and @entity1289 inhibition lowered hematocrit by further reduction of this hormone. However, the finding of erythrocytosis in half our @entity1 with suppressed @entity1307 , suggests the participation of non- @entity1307 -mediated mechanism(s). The recurrence of @entity8 in a @entity1 after a second transplant raises the additional possibility of @entity1 -specific factors in the pathogenesis of this disorder. In contrast to other reports, we documented side-effects (cough, @entity551 ) in three (20%) of our @entity1 . Our clinical experience, coupled with prior reports of spontaneous resolution of @entity8 in some @entity1 , suggests that intermittent courses of @entity1289 -inhibition may be the optimal strategy in the use of this form of therapy for @entity8 .

title: @entity1289 inhibition in the treatment of XXXX . Clinical experience and observation of mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal transplant erythrocytosis', 'RTE']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['Enalapril']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin', 'EPO']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal transplant erythrocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infarct size (IS) determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has proven an additional value, on top of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), in prediction of adverse arrhythmic @entity299 (AACEs) in @entity741 . Its value soon after an acute ST-segment-elevation @entity583 remains unknown. Our aim was to determine whether early CMR can improve AACE risk prediction after acute ST-segment-elevation @entity583 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 admitted for a first noncomplicated ST-segment-elevation @entity583 were prospectively followed up. A total of 440 @entity1 were included. All of them underwent CMR 1 week after admission. CMR-derived LVEF and IS (grams per meter squared) were quantified. AACEs included postdischarge @entity944 , sustained @entity1165 , and @entity2224 either documented on ECG or recorded via an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Within a median follow-up of 2 years, 11 AACEs (2.5%) were detected: 5 sudden deaths (1.1%) and 6 spontaneous @entity2224 . In the whole group, AACEs associated with more depressed LVEF (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.90 [0.83-0.97]; P<0.01) and larger IS (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 1.06 [1.01-1.12]; P=0.01). According to the corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, LVEF  <=36% and IS >= 23.5 g/m(2) best predicted AACEs. The vast majority of AACEs (10/11) occurred in @entity1 with simultaneous depressed LVEF  <=36% and IS >= 23.5 g/m(2) (n=39). CONCLUSIONS: In the era of reperfusion therapies, occurrence of AACEs in @entity1 with an in-hospital noncomplicated first ST-segment-elevation @entity583 is low. In this setting, assessment of an early CMR-derived IS could be useful for further optimization of AACE risk prediction.

title: Value of early cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the prediction of adverse arrhythmic @entity299 after a first noncomplicated ST-segment-elevation XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['chronic ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity64 volume variation ( @entity6355 ), based on lung-heart interaction during mechanical ventilation, is a useful dynamic parameter for fluid responsiveness. However, it is affected by many factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of @entity6355 on Trendelenburg (T) and reverse Trendelenburg (RT) position and to further elaborate on the patterns of the @entity6355 with position. METHODS: Forty-two @entity1 undergoing elective surgery were enrolled in this study. Fifteen minutes after standardized induction of anesthesia with @entity1875 , @entity3575 , and @entity2898 with volume controlled ventilation (tidal volume of 8 ml/kg of ideal body weight, inspiration : expiration ratio of 1 : 2, and respiratory rate of 10-13 breaths/min), the @entity1 underwent posture changes as follows: supine, T position at slopes of operating table of -5  , -10  , and -15  , and RT position at slopes of operating table of 5  , 10  , and 15  . At each point, @entity6355 , cardiac output (CO), peak airway pressure (PAP), mean blood pressure, and heart rate (HR) were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity6355 was significant decreased with decreased slopes of operating table in T position, and increased with increased slopes of operating table in RT position (P = 0.000). Schematically, it was increased by 1% when the slope of operating table was increased by 5  . But, the CO and PAP were significant increased with decreased slopes of operating table in T position, and decreased with increased slopes of operating table in RT position (P = 0.045, 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6355 is subjected to the posture, and we should take these findings into account on reading @entity6355 for fluid therapy.

title: The correlation between the Trendelenburg position and the XXXX volume variation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Dilatation of a stenosed Blalock-Taussig @entity254 was performed in 15 @entity1 with blue-type congenital @entity299 at the Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery, AMS USSR, from March, 1989 to May, 1991. Seven of these @entity1 had a severe form of Fallot's tetralogy, 4--double origin of the great vessels from the right ventricle with @entity850 of the pulmonary artery, 2-- @entity1146 of the right atrioventricular orifice with @entity850 of the pulmonary artery, 1-- @entity1146 of the right atrioventricular orifice with @entity1146 of the pulmonary artery, and 1 @entity1 had @entity4263 with @entity850 of the pulmonary artery. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 4 to 13 years (9.45 +/- 8.1 years on the average). Saturation of arterial blood with @entity26 varied from 38 to 77% (64.2 +/- 2.9% on the average). A low-amplitude to-and-fro sound of the @entity254 was either recorded or absent on the phonocardiogram. The diameter of the balloons used ranged from 4 to 13 mm. Inflation of the balloon lasted from 5 to 60 sec. Dilatation was conducted 3 to 9 times. After dilatation saturation of arterial blood with @entity26 increased to 81 +/- 2.7% on the average. A clearly defined to-and-fro murmur of the @entity254 was recorded on the phonocardiogram. Angiometry of the @entity254 performed before and after dilatation showed it to be widened considerably from 3.5 +/- 0.2 mm to 5.7 +/- 0.4 mm on the average. One @entity1 underwent a radical operation 8 months after balloon dilatation.

title: [The transluminal balloon angioplasty of a stenosed Blalock-Taussig systemic-pulmonary XXXX in congenital heart defects of the blue type].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['corrected transposition of the great vessels']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: In @entity656 ( @entity656 ), oral refeeding may stimulate pancreatic secretion, increasing the @entity32 of the glandular tissue causing relapse of @entity490 or even exacerbation of the disease. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of @entity490 relapse over oral refeeding in @entity1 convalescing with @entity656 as well as the impact of @entity158 recurrence on the hospital stay. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were @entity656 confirmed by biochemical and/or radiological data in the absence of severe disease or extensive @entity39 . The same diet was offered to all @entity1 during oral refeeding. Demographic, clinical, biochemical and radiological data were prospectively recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 130 @entity1 were included. During the oral refeeding period, 32 (24.6%) @entity1 had @entity158 relapse, which was more common on days 1 (68.8%) and 2 (28.1%). @entity158 relapse was related to higher serum levels of lipase on the day before refeeding, higher serum levels of @entity1851 on the fourth day, and presence of peripancreatic fluid collections (P < 0.01). @entity158 relapse significantly increased total hospital stay (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with mild @entity656 , @entity158 relapse during oral refeeding was relatively high (24.6%), particularly on the first or second day. Their risk appeared be associated with more intense or persistent pancreatic @entity32 on the day before refeeding, and presence of peripancreatic fluid collections. @entity158 relapse increased hospital stay, and likely overall costs on disease treatment.

title: Oral refeeding in @entity1 with mild @entity656 : prevalence and risk factors of relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate associations between @entity64 and blood pressure (BP) indices (systolic BP [SBP], diastolic BP [ @entity11559 ], mean BP, and pulse pressure [PP]) determined by home BP measurement. METHODS: Associations between @entity64 and BP indices were examined in a rural Japanese population. Home BP data of 2369 subjects (40% @entity1 ) > or =35 years of age (mean, 59 years) without a history of @entity64 were obtained. Associations between @entity64 and each index were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression and the likelihood ratio (LR) test. RESULTS: During follow-up (mean, 11.7 years), 238 @entity64 occurred. The LR test showed that SBP and mean BP were significantly more strongly associated with total and @entity385 than @entity11559 and PP (LR chi2 > or =9.3, P<0.01 for SBP/mean BP, LR chi2 < or =3.8, P> or =0.05 for @entity11559 /PP). SBP tended to be more strongly associated with total/ @entity385 than mean BP (LR chi2=3.8, P=0.05 for SBP, LR chi2 < or =0.2, P>0.6 for mean BP). PP tended to be slightly more strongly associated with @entity385 than @entity11559 (LR chi2=7.5, P<0.01 for @entity11559 , LR chi(2)=9.3, P<0.01 for PP), whereas @entity11559 was significantly more strongly associated with @entity64 than PP (LR chi2=9.2, P<0.01 for @entity11559 , LR chi2=2.5, P=0.01 for PP). CONCLUSIONS: PP obtained from home BP measurements was weakly associated with @entity64 , whereas SBP showed the strongest association. Additionally, @entity11559 and PP may be associated with different @entity64 types.

title: XXXX risk of blood pressure indices determined by home blood pressure measurement: the Ohasama study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'hemorrhagic stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: The effect of @entity205 ( @entity870 ) on in vivo growth of hepatic @entity3 was studied. @entity19 colon 38 @entity5 cells (1 x 10(5) were inoculated via the superior mesenteric vein. @entity19 were grouped depending on @entity870 dosage and time schedules: Group A: @entity870 30 mg/kg body weight on the 7, 8 and 9th post @entity5 inoculation days by gavage; Group B: @entity870 15 mg/kg body weight 30 min before @entity5 inoculation and 2 times more at 24 h intervals; Group C: @entity870 30 mg/kg body weight at the same dose timing as Group B. Measurement of the diameter of the largest @entity5 serially by weekly laparotomy up to 4 weeks revealed that the @entity5 growth rates were significantly greater in Groups B and C than those in Group A or the control (without @entity870 ). The mean @entity5 doubling times in the control, and Groups A, B and C were 2.2 +/- 1.3, 2.0 +/- 0.5, 1.5 +/- 0.4 and 1.3 +/- 0.8 days, respectively. The mean @entity5 numbers of hepatic @entity3 were 13.2 +/- 8.3, 11.3 +/- 7.3, 19.4 +/- 8.7 and 19.6 +/- 6.8, respectively. Values of @entity5 proliferation index obtained by @entity1603 immunohistochemistry were 10.0 +/- 6.1%, 14.9 +/- 8.0%, 28.6 +/- 8.2% and 30.1 +/- 12.4%, respectively, with significant differences (Groups B and C vs. A or control, P < 0.05). In vitro @entity98 assay showed that cell viability rates were greater than 100% in the medium containing @entity870 concentrations of less than 10(-7) mol/liter. However, a cytostatic effect of @entity870 was apparent at higher concentrations. In contrast to the previous in vivo finding of a cytostatic effect of @entity870 on @entity5 cells, we found a cytoproliferative action when @entity870 was administered early in the course of @entity3 implantation in the liver. The mechanism of cytoproliferative effect of @entity870 is unknown but may involve multiple factors.

title: Enhancement of XXXX proliferation by @entity205 in early phase of experimental hepatic @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of increased macular or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in @entity735 , find if the increased macular or RNFLT is related to the lack of response in @entity735 , and to explore whether the increased @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) in @entity735 is purely related to the @entity3467 . This is a prospective descriptive study. @entity1020 and peripapillary RNFLT were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate 60 @entity1 with unilateral-treated @entity4457 (median age 11.00  year). @entity1 were divided into two groups: 33 @entity1 in recovered @entity4457 group and 27 @entity1 in persistent @entity4457 group. The mean @entity1020 in the recovered group was 247.31 (  23.4) versus 246.8 (  32.7)   m (p  =  0.95) for the persistent group. The mean peripapillary RNFLT was 99.13 (  12.1) versus 99.9 (  14.9)   m (p  =  0.85) for the persistent group. In @entity4457 , there was no significant difference in @entity1020 and RNFLT in either group. Also there was no relation between the type of @entity2516 or RNFLT. There was no significant difference in @entity1020 and RNFLT in @entity735 for both the recovered @entity4457 group and the persistent @entity4457 group to explain the lack of response in persistent @entity735 . Additionally there was no relation between the type of @entity2516 or peripapillary RNFLT.

title: Macular and retinal nerve fiber thickness in recovered and persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error and CMT']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hyperopia']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopic eyes']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['CMT', 'central macular thickness']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity4457 :: (MESH:D000550,Disease) :: ['amblyopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: T cell-mediated immune rejection is a key barrier to islet transplantation. Preliminary studies have shown that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) can inhibit T cell responses and prolong heart allograft survival. Here, we sought to investigate the possibility of using @entity9188 to prolong islet allograft survival in an acute rejection model of Balb/c to @entity11897 @entity19 . METHODS: Recipient @entity19 were treated with @entity9188 and/or @entity3446 after islet allograft transplantation. At day 10 after transplantation, the graft, spleen, lymph nodes, and blood of the recipient @entity19 were recovered for analysis. In vitro, to further examine the mechanism underlying @entity9188 protection of islet allografts against T cell-mediated rejection, mixed lymphocyte reaction and apoptosis analyses of T cells were performed. The phosphorylation levels of IkBa and @entity1995 were also evaluated to confirm the proliferation and apoptosis of @entity9188 -treated T cells. RESULTS: We found that @entity9188 prolonged islet allograft survival by reducing inflammatory reactions, influencing cytokine synthesis and secretion and T-cell subset proportions, and inhibiting T-cell responses. Furthermore, @entity9188 and @entity3446 showed a synergistic effect in suppressing islet allotransplant rejection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4447 may prevent allograft rejection by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and inducing T-cell apoptosis.

title: XXXX Induces T Cell Apoptosis and Prolongs Islet Allograft Survival in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['Arsenic trioxide', 'arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity4447 :: (MESH:C006632,Chemical) :: ['Arsenic Trioxide']


abstract: Many hospitalized @entity1 are at risk for @entity364 . In order to characterize present clinical laboratory experience and facilities for diagnosis and management of @entity364 , a nationwide survey of laboratory diagnostic methodologies was conducted. Data from calendar year 1988 were collected from 71 institutions (52 university teaching hospitals and 19 community hospitals) enrolled in the Drug Surveillance Network. Surveyed hospitals received 75,828 specimens for fungal culture in 1988, representing 18,705 positive cultures from 7373 @entity1 . About 1.3% of @entity1 admitted to teaching or community hospitals had positive fungal cultures, the most common isolates being Candida species. @entity375 identification was most commonly performed by the germ tube test and @entity1735 assimilation testing. Dimorphic fungi were identified to the species level at 67% of hospitals. Cryptococcal antigen testing was available at all hospitals, and Candida serology testing was done at 55 institutions. A small number of hospitals performed antifungal drug concentration determinations for @entity2379 (n = 9), @entity3102 (n = 7) and @entity4895 (n = 12). Fungal susceptibility testing was available at 77% of hospitals, either within the institution or at an external laboratory. Laboratory testing for diagnosis and management of @entity364 represents a major laboratory investment. Proficiency in this area, along with expert clinical advice, will be needed to advance therapy of @entity1 complicated with @entity364 during the next decade.

title: A nationwide survey of clinical laboratory methodologies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity4895 :: ('MESH:D005437', 'Chemical') :: ['flucytosine']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3400 / @entity7120 (P/T) with its broad spectrum of antibacterial activity is used widely for the treatment of moderate to severe @entity325 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The efficacy and safety of P/T was compared with @entity2892 / @entity9234 (I/C) in @entity1 with @entity55 . This multicentre study took place from January 1999 to December 2001. Due to difficulties in recruiting sufficient @entity1 it was terminated prematurely. In all, 221 @entity1 were randomly assigned to either P/T at 4 g/0.5 g (n = 110) or I/C at 1 g/1 g (n = 111). Additional @entity4028 therapy was mandatory if @entity796 was present. The ITT population (107 P/T and 110 I/C @entity1 ) was used for the analysis of efficacy. RESULTS: The clinical efficacy was equally good for the P/T and I/C groups; 71% [95% CI 61.3, 79.2] vs 77.3% [95% CI 68.1, 84.5] at the end of therapy, 66.4% [95% CI 56.5, 75] vs 70% [95% CI 60.4, 78.2] on day 3, a nd 59.8% [95% CI 49.9, 69] vs 66.4% [95% CI 56.6, 74.9] on day 14 after therapy, respectively. Proven or assumed bacterial eradication at the end of therapy was 45.8% (P/T) and 52.7% (I/C). Treatment-related adverse events (AE) were recorded in 30% of P/T @entity1 and 25.2% I/C @entity1 . There were ten serious treatment-related AEs in the P/T group and five in the I/C group. CONCLUSION: Although numbers were inadequate for full statistical evaluation, P/T and I/C were similarly effective in the treatment of severe nosocomially acquired @entity55 .

title: @entity3400 / @entity7120 vs @entity2892 / @entity9234 in the treatment of XXXX --a double blind prospective multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['established nosocomial pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrobial nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary late-onset @entity3520 may spread over time to adjacent body regions, but differences in the risk of spread over time among the various focal forms and the influence of age at @entity3519 onset on the risk of spread are not well established. METHODS: @entity1 presenting with primary late-onset focal @entity9663 ( @entity9663 , n = 124), @entity6389 ( @entity6389 , n = 73) and @entity14978 ( @entity14978 , n = 24) with 10 years or more of disease duration (mean +/- SD, 15.3 (SD 4.9) years) were included in the study. The relationship between demographic/clinical variables and spread of @entity3519 was assessed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS: @entity1 starting with @entity9663 , @entity6389 and @entity14978 had similar age, sex and disease duration. Age at @entity3519 onset, age at initial spread and the risk of initial spread were significantly higher, whereas time elapsing from onset to initial spread was significantly lower in the @entity9663 group than in those with onset in the neck or in the upper extremities. Conversely, these parameters were similar in the @entity6389 and @entity14978 groups. The greater risk of spread in the @entity9663 group was mainly evident in the first 5 years of history; thereafter, it declined and became similar to that of @entity1 with @entity6389 / @entity14978 . The difference in the risk of initial spread by site of onset was partly confounded by age at @entity3519 onset. Site of and age at @entity3519 onset, and age at first spread, were not significant predictors of the risk of a second spread. CONCLUSION: This study adds new insights into the phenomenon of spread of primary late-onset @entity3520 and provides the framework for future studies aimed at an indepth investigation of the mechanism(s) of spread.

title: Long-term assessment of the risk of spread in primary late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['focal dystonias', 'focal dystonia']

entities_list: @entity6389 :: ('MESH:D014103', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'cervical dystonia']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['FHD', 'focal hand dystonia']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm', 'BSP']

answer: @entity3520 :: (MESH:D020821,Disease) :: ['focal dystonia']


abstract: @entity1050 is known as an uncommon disease that characterized by a slowly progressive @entity5 of the cerebellar hemisphere. We present a case of @entity1653 with @entity1050 . A 57-year-old female was admitted to our hospital after presenting with general @entity410 . CT scan on arrival showed a large mass of the left frontal region and slightly high-density linear lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. MRI also revealed well-enhanced mass in the left frontal region and parallel linear striation in the right cerebellar hemisphere. But, the @entity1 had neither @entity76 nor signs of @entity428 . The @entity1 had @entity2695 of the left breast and bilateral benign struma, no typical manifestation of @entity1050 . @entity5 caused the @entity410 was subsequently performed. The pathological examination was @entity1653 . After the operation, radiation therapy was not done because of the total removal of @entity5 and intension on @entity1 side. Fortunately, the @entity1 had no further adverse neurological events postoperatively. However, we should continuously take account to not only the recurrence of @entity1653 but also the enlargement of the @entity76 and the complication of @entity5 in whole body.

title: [A case of @entity1653 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'Removal of the frontal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1050 :: ('MESH:D006223', 'Disease') :: ['Cowden syndrome', 'Lhermitte-Duclos disease']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'atypical meningioma']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar dysfunction', 'cerebellar lesion']

answer: @entity1050 :: (MESH:D006223,Disease) :: ['Lhermitte-Duclos disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Translocation of nanoparticles (NP) from the pulmonary airways into other pulmonary compartments or the systemic circulation is controversially discussed in the literature. In a previous study it was shown that @entity6701 ( @entity3759 ) NP were "distributed in four lung compartments (air-filled spaces, epithelium/endothelium, connective tissue, capillary lumen) in correlation with compartment size". It was concluded that particles can move freely between these tissue compartments. To analyze whether the distribution of @entity3759 NP in the lungs is really random or shows a preferential targeting we applied a newly developed method for comparing NP distributions. METHODS: @entity35 lungs exposed to an aerosol containing @entity3759 NP were prepared for light and electron microscopy at 1 h and at 24 h after exposure. Numbers of @entity3759 NP associated with each compartment were counted using energy filtering transmission electron microscopy. Compartment size was estimated by unbiased stereology from systematically sampled light micrographs. Numbers of particles were related to compartment size using a relative deposition index and chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Nanoparticle distribution within the four compartments was not random at 1 h or at 24 h after exposure. At 1 h the connective tissue was the preferential target of the particles. At 24 h the NP were preferentially located in the capillary lumen. CONCLUSION: We conclude that @entity3759 NP do not move freely between pulmonary tissue compartments, although they can pass from one compartment to another with relative ease. The residence time of NP in each tissue compartment of the respiratory system depends on the compartment and the time after exposure. It is suggested that a small fraction of @entity3759 NP are rapidly transported from the airway lumen to the connective tissue and subsequently released into the systemic circulation.

title: Re-evaluation of pulmonary XXXX nanoparticle distribution using the "relative deposition index": Evidence for clearance through microvasculature.

entities_list: @entity6701 :: ('MESH:C009495', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium dioxide']

answer: @entity6701 :: (MESH:C009495,Chemical) :: ['titanium dioxide']


abstract: Studies have shown that higher than usual intakes of trans fatty acids (TFAs) have adverse effects on blood lipids. Because of this, in 2006 the US FDA mandated labeling of TFAs on food packages. The food and restaurant industries, including the @entity415 industry, reformulated their foods to reduce or eliminate partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and TFAs. Before mandatory labeling, grain-based desserts, @entity375 breads, and French-fried @entity415 (FFPs) were the top sources of TFAs in the food supply; by 2007, @entity415 food manufacturers and quick-service restaurants had reduced or eliminated TFAs without increasing saturated fatty acids (SFAs). FFPs are no longer a source of TFAs in the food supply. This study examined energy and fatty acid intake among @entity1 aged 6-11 y, adolescents aged 12-18 y, and adults aged >= 19 y across 3 time periods by using data from the NHANES 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010. On average, intakes of total energy, total fat, SFAs, and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) decreased significantly between 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 among @entity1 and adolescents; however, the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) did not change. Among adults, intakes of total fat, SFAs, and MUFAs decreased; however, total energy and PUFA intake did not change. On the day of the 2009-2010 survey,    13% of @entity1 and 10% of adolescents reported consuming fried FFPs, whereas <7% of adults reported consumption of fried FFPs. Intakes of SFAs and TFAs from fried FFPs decreased significantly between 2005-2006 and 2009-2010 among @entity1 , adolescents, and adults. This study confirms that intake of TFAs from FFPs is trivial.

title: Changes in Mean Intake of Fatty Acids and Intake of Saturated and trans Fats from XXXX : NHANES 2005-2006, 2007-2008, and 2009-2010.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potatoes', 'potato']

answer: @entity415 :: (4113,Species) :: ['Potatoes']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is a highly curable disease. Reducing late complications and second @entity5 has become increasingly important. Radiotherapy target paradigms are currently changing and radiotherapy techniques are evolving rapidly. DESIGN: This overview reports to what extent target volume reduction in involved-node (IN) and advanced radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and proton therapy-compared with involved-field (IF) and 3D radiotherapy (3D-RT)- can reduce high doses to organs at risk (OAR) and examines the issues that still remain open. RESULTS: Although no comparison of all available techniques on identical @entity1 datasets exists, clear patterns emerge. Advanced dose-calculation algorithms (e.g., convolution-superposition/Monte Carlo) should be used in mediastinal @entity978 . INRT consistently reduces treated volumes when compared with IFRT with the exact amount depending on the INRT definition. The number of @entity1 that might significantly benefit from highly conformal techniques such as IMRT over 3D-RT regarding high-dose exposure to organs at risk (OAR) is smaller with INRT. The impact of larger volumes treated with low doses in advanced techniques is unclear. The type of IMRT used (static/rotational) is of minor importance. All advanced photon techniques result in similar potential benefits and disadvantages, therefore only the degree-of-modulation should be chosen based on individual treatment goals. Treatment in deep inspiration breath hold is being evaluated. Protons theoretically provide both excellent high-dose conformality and reduced integral dose. CONCLUSION: Further reduction of treated volumes most effectively reduces OAR dose, most likely without disadvantages if the excellent control rates achieved currently are maintained. For both IFRT and INRT, the benefits of advanced radiotherapy techniques depend on the individual @entity1 /target geometry. Their use should therefore be decided case by case with comparative treatment planning.

title: Novel radiotherapy techniques for involved-field and involved-node treatment of mediastinal XXXX : When should they be considered and which questions remain open?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity978 :: (MESH:D006689,Disease) :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare single buccal @entity21456 injection versus conventional @entity3303 buccal and palatal injections for uncomplicated maxillary tooth extractions. STUDY DESIGN: Single blinded randomized control trial. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The outpatient department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from February to September 2011. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 aged 20 - 60 years under simple extraction in the maxillary arch were included in the study. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups-A and B toss method. Maxillary teeth were divided into three groups; group-1 (posterior teeth) including first, second and third molars on either side, group-2 (middle teeth) including the premolars and group-3 (anterior teeth) including incisors and @entity235 . Group-A (study group) received buccal infiltration of 4% @entity21456 with 1:200,000 adrenaline and group-B (control group) received buccal and palatal infiltration of 2% @entity3303 / @entity5828 with 1:100,000 adrenaline. Faces @entity158 Scale (FPS) and a Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used for objective and subjective assessment of per @entity158 respectively. RESULTS: A total of 194 @entity1 were included in the study. Group-A comprised of 100 @entity1 while group-B consisted of 94 @entity1 . The mean age of the total sample was 41.12    13.6 years. Statistically significant difference was found for the VAS scores of anteriors (p=0.9), premolars (p=0.2) and molars (p=0.2) for groups A and B. The FPS scores for both groups were also statistically insignificant (p=0.864). CONCLUSION: Buccal infiltration with a single @entity21456 injection and @entity3303 buccal and palatal infiltration were equally effective for maxillary exodontia.

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity3303 for uncomplicated maxillary exodontia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity21456 :: ('MESH:D002355', 'Chemical') :: ['articaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'operative pain']

answer: @entity21456 :: (MESH:D002355,Chemical) :: ['articaine']


abstract: The consequences of natural disasters on the @entity1 living in the Americas are often amplified by socio-economic conditions. This risk may be increased by climate-related changes. The public health consequences of natural disasters include fatalities as well as an increased risk of @entity166 . Many of these diseases are @entity6766 . The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the importance of natural disasters for the Americas and to emphasise the contribution of veterinary public health (VPH) to the management of @entity6766 risks. An analysis was conducted of natural disasters that occurred in the Americas between 2004 and 2008. Five cases studies illustrating the contributions of VPH in situations of disaster are presented. The data shows that natural disasters, particularly storms and floods, can create very important public health problems. Central America and the Caribbean, particularly Haiti, presented a higher risk than the other areas of the Americas. Two priority areas of technical cooperation are recommended for this region, namely: reducing the risk of @entity2926 and other @entity4002 outbreaks related to floods and hurricanes and improving food safety. The contribution of different disciplines and sectors in disaster preparedness and response is of paramount importance to minimise morbidity and mortality.

title: Natural disasters and XXXX in the Americas: contribution of veterinary public health.

entities_list: @entity4002 :: ('MESH:D011778', 'Disease') :: ['vector-borne disease']

entities_list: @entity2926 :: ('MESH:D007922', 'Disease') :: ['leptospirosis']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['zoonotic and foodborne disease', 'zoonotic and foodborne diseases']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['communicable diseases']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['communicable diseases']


abstract: After monotherapy with @entity136 in low dose in long infusion, promising results in a variety of advanced chemoresistant @entity5 have been reported. In a previous phase I trial on heavily pre-treated @entity1 , maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of @entity136 in a 6 h infusion was 250 mg/m. The objective of our phase I-II trial was to test the combination of @entity136 in a 6-h infusion and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Eligible @entity1 were chemonaive, had locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 , Eastern Oncology Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2 and normal organ function. Treatment consisted of @entity136 in a 6-h infusion on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 at 75 mg/m on day 2 of a 3-week cycle. During phase I of the trial, the dose of @entity136 was escalated from 130 to 170, 210 and 250 mg/m. After establishing dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) and MTD of the combination, the trial continued as phase II. Altogether, 61 @entity1 were enrolled, of whom 54 had stage IV disease. In phase I of the trial, groups of six, seven, eight and eight @entity1 were treated at the four dose levels of @entity136 . In phase II, the remaining 32 @entity1 all received @entity136 at 250 mg/m. Serious @entity137 included a @entity1 with grade 5 @entity943 and another with grade 4 @entity63 ; four @entity1 had grade 3 @entity417 . Reversible @entity1148 with platelets over 500 was recorded in 32 @entity1 ; 42 @entity1 had grade 2 @entity1665 . In general, tolerance to this treatment was good. One @entity1 had complete response and 27 had partial responses, for a 28 of 61 (46%) response rate. Median progression-free survival, median survival and 1-year survival were 6 months, 9.5 months and 40%, respectively. We conclude that this treatment has an acceptable, yet distinct, @entity137 profile; routine thromboprophylaxis is recommended. In our population of chemonaive @entity1 , no DLT has been encountered. Due to the remarkable response rate, further research is warranted.

title: Phase I-II trial of low-dose @entity136 in prolonged infusion and @entity900 for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Phacoemulsification is a modern surgical technique for @entity231 operations. Through minimal corneal wound (2.2-2.7 mm) lens nucleus is emulsificated and arteficial lens is implanted in capsular bag. Complications during operations are possible, and can vary from minor to very serious one, with consecutive @entity227 . One of possible complications is @entity397 of posterior lens capsule, which could happen in any stage of operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate results of monoblock arteficial lens implantation in sulcus on the remains of anterior capsule and capsulorhexis after posterior capsule @entity397 during phacoemulsification. METHODS: This prospective, non-comparative study included 19 @entity1 with @entity397 of posterior capsule as a result of @entity231 operation with phacoemulsification method. Average monitoring time was 14 months (1-18). We analysed best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus findings, and implanted lens position with wawelight allegro oculizer (Scheimpflug camera). RESULTS: Preoperative visual acuity was from L+P+ to 0.5. On first postoperative day visual acuity 0.02-0.08 was noted in 8 @entity1 , from 0.1-0.4 also in 8 @entity1 and 0.5 and more in 3 @entity1 . After 12 months from the operation 15 @entity1 had visual acuity better than 0.5. Among early complications corneal @entity4 was noted in 6 cases, anterior chamber reaction with or without fibrin reaction in 8 cases and rise of intraocular pressure in 3 cases. All complications were reversibile. CONCLUSION: Posterior capsule @entity397 /break is a serious complication of phacoemulsification, hardly to prevent. Regarding size of posterior @entity397 , foldable monoblock arteficial lens can be implanted into the sulcus on the remains of anterior capsule in most of the cases, keeping the advantages of small corneal incision: smaller @entity940 , better postoperative visual acuity, faster wound healing and earlier visual rehabilitation.

title: [Artificial monoblock lenses implantation following XXXX of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification surgery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity397 :: (MESH:D012421,Disease) :: ['rupture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9961 ( @entity9961 ) plays an important role in lymphangiogenesis and activates @entity7802 ( @entity7802 ). By contrast, lymphatic spread is an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). The objective of the current study was to determine whether the expression of @entity9961 and @entity7802 correlates with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis in @entity1 with primary @entity1149 . METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective review of 180 consecutive @entity1 who underwent complete resection for @entity1149 and who did not receive any chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity9961 and @entity7802 was performed. The clinicopathologic implications of @entity9961 and @entity7802 expression were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of 180 @entity1 with @entity1149 , 137 @entity1 (76.1%) were positive for @entity9961 , and 40 @entity1 (22.2%) were positive for @entity7802 . @entity9961 expression was observed frequently in @entity1 with @entity420 (P = 0.026). For @entity7802 expression, significant correlations were demonstrated with age (P = 0.02), gender (P = 0.008), and histologic differentiation in @entity1 with @entity957 (P = 0.03). @entity1 who had positive staining for @entity9961 showed significantly less favorable survival rates compared with @entity1 who had negative staining for @entity9961 (P = 0.003). The survival rates of @entity1 who had positive staining for @entity7802 also were significantly lower compared with @entity1 who had negative staining for @entity7802 (P < 0.001). @entity1 who had positive staining for both @entity9961 and @entity7802 exhibited the most unfavorable prognoses. Univariate analysis revealed the following prognostic factors: gender (P = 0.03), @entity5 status (T1,T2 vs. T3; P < 0.01), lymph node status (negative vs. positive; P < 0.01), @entity5 size (< or = 35 mm vs. > 35 mm; P < 0.01), disease stage (Stage I vs. Stages II and III; P < 0.01), @entity9961 expression (negative vs. positive; P < 0.01), @entity7802 expression (negative vs. positive; P < 0.01) and combined @entity9961 and/or @entity7802 expression (both positive vs. @entity9961 or @entity7802 positive; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that @entity7802 expression was the only independent negative prognostic factor (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9961 and @entity7802 expression may be indicative of survival rates for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Clinical significance of @entity9961 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity9961 :: ('7424', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor C', 'VEGF-C']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall cell lung carcinoma']


abstract: This study has examined the effect of diet-induced @entity1007 on @entity840 platelets, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes and plasma. The @entity165 /phospholipid ratios of plasma and erythrocytes began to increase after one day on the diet and increased steadily for two weeks and more slowly thereafter until 30 days. In contrast, the @entity165 /phospholipid ratio of platelets remained constant for 4-5 days, then increased until reaching a maximum of about 0.85 in two weeks. Thus, the time-course for increase of the @entity165 /phospholipid ratio is different for platelets than for erythrocytes and plasma. The increase in the @entity165 /phospholipid ratio of megakaryocytes was small and not dependent on the degree of increase in the plasma @entity165 /phospholipid ratio. The @entity8557 of both platelets and megakaryocytes increased with time for two weeks. The increase in megakaryocyte @entity8557 appeared to precede that of platelets. The protein content of platelets and megakaryocytes and average megakaryocyte size were increased. Normal platelets incubated in plasma from @entity753 @entity840 did not accumulate excess @entity165 , but erythrocyte @entity165 increased 45% in 6 h under the same conditions. @entity165 synthesis in megakaryocytes was depressed 50-80% by @entity165 feeding and by in vitro incubation of the cells in @entity753 plasma. The data suggest that the platelets and erythrocytes may accumulate excess @entity165 by different mechanisms. The effects of @entity165 feeding on megakaryocytes and the lag in accumulation of @entity165 in platelets relative to erythrocytes and plasma suggest that a defect in the megakaryocyte may be a primary determinant of accumulation of @entity165 in platelets.

title: The effect of @entity1007 on XXXX platelets, erythrocytes and megakaryocytes.

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea pigs', 'guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Immunologic @entity14628 refers to several diseases including the most frequent, @entity792 ( @entity792 ). Immunologic @entity882 is related to anti-platelet autoantibodies, usually IgGs. In 15 to 20% of the cases, no auto-antibody can be detected. The severity of the cutaneomucosal manifestations is not always correlated with the degree of @entity882 but only occurs for platelet counts less than 50 x 10(9)/L. The clinical course includes acute episodes of @entity792 and complete remissions in 80% of the cases in the episodes of @entity792 and complete remissions in 80% of the cases in the very young @entity1 . Inversely, in the adult, treatment of @entity792 has been highly debated because chronicity is frequent. Two therapeutic approaches, corticotherapy and splenectomy, have been widely used. Corticoids given at a dose of 0.5 to 1 mg/kg/day leads to remission in 15 to 30% of the cases. Splenectomy, a second intention therapy, leads to platelet counts above 100 x 10(9)/L in 60 to 70% of the @entity1 . In 1981, intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulins were first employed for 13 @entity1 in a study reported by Imbach et al. The results have been confirmed in @entity1 and in adults. There are few side effects with this method and the dose of 1 g/kg over 2 days is effective. Response is rapid (platelet counts above 50 x 10(9)/L in 1 to 5 days) but often temporary (relapse to former levels in 5 to 45 days). The high cost of this intravenous polyvalent immunoglobulins has led to much debate over their use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunoglobulins in Hematology. Immunologic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity14628 :: ('MESH:D011696', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['AITP', 'autoimmune thrombopenic purpura']

answer: @entity14628 :: (MESH:D011696,Disease) :: ['thrombopenic purpura']


abstract: The @entity5068 regulatory element binding-proteins (SREBPs) are transcription factors that regulate the genes of lipid metabolism. @entity165 and @entity1474 regulate SREBPs. @entity461 (GL) is an @entity11333 and one of the earliest derived members within the eukaryotic lineage. GLs exist as trophozoites and cysts. Growth in @entity165 depletion induces transcription of cyst-wall protein (CWP) genes that are upregulated during encystation. The hypothesis was investigated that SREBP-like pathways have a role in cwp gene transcription. @entity3569 ovary cells were transfected with a cwp-2 promoter reporter construct. Incubation with @entity165 or oleate reduced cwp-2 mediated gene transcription to about half of the control. Incubation in @entity5068 -depleted media, or in the presence of either an inhibitor of intracellular @entity165 movement or inhibitor of @entity165 synthesis, increased gene expression up to 3-fold. Overexpression of SREBPs increased reporter gene activity 2.5-fold. In the absence of functional SREBPs, cwp-2 was not regulated by @entity165 . Footprint analysis of cwp-2 reveals three novel binding sites for @entity1 SREBPs with no homologies in other species or @entity1 . The data show that SREBP binds to and can modulate transcription of a regulatory element from an ancient eukaryote and suggest the existence of an SREBP homolog in GL.

title: @entity5068 and fatty acid regulatory pathways in a XXXX -derived promoter: evidence for SREBP as an ancient transcription factor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity11333 :: ('MESH:D007411', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal parasite']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Species') :: ['Giardia lamblia']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity461 :: (5741,Species) :: ['Giardia lamblia']


abstract: Basing on the 963 @entity1 treated for @entity173 with Ender nailing in the years 1974-1995, some remarks concerning operational technic and complications have been presented. Among the injured there were 641 females--average 75 y and 322 @entity1 --average 71 y. Two @entity174 of metaphysis occurred during the operation procedure treated successfully with plastic splint. Infection rate--superficial--1.3% and deep one 0.7% was noted. The most common complication proved to be distal migration of nails estimated 5-10%. If they penetrate the skin the nails should be changed to shorter ones. The @entity1 tolerate that procedure quite well. In two cases the nails have been broken, before @entity174 united. The distal portion of them have been removed and replaced with those of full length, with success. In conclusion the authors regard the method as satisfactory for treatment the stable or relatively stable @entity173 .

title: [Selected aspects of treatment of XXXX by the Ender method].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['trochanteric fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sustained release of @entity14100 from a gelatin hydrogel would enhance bone regeneration in critical-sized long- @entity79 and overcome inhibitory effects of preoperative irradiation. ANIMALS: 24 adult New Zealand White @entity95 . PROCEDURE: @entity95 were allocated to 2 groups. Twelve @entity95 received localized megavoltage radiation to the right ulna by use of a @entity1953 60 teletherapy unit, and 12 @entity95 received no irradiation. Then, a 1.5-cm defect was aseptically created in the right ulna of each @entity95 . Gelatin hydrogel that contained 5 microg of adsorbed recombinant- @entity1 (rh) @entity2533 was placed in the defect of 12 @entity95 (6 irradiated and 6 nonirradiated), and the other 12 @entity95 received hydrogel without rhTGF-beta1. @entity95 were euthanatized 10 weeks after surgery. New bone formation within the defect was analyzed by use of nondecalcified histomorphometric methods. A 1-way ANOVA was used to compare differences among groups. RESULTS: New bone formation within the defect was significantly greater in @entity2533 -treated @entity95 than in @entity95 treated with hydrogel carrier alone. Local delivery of rhTGF-beta1 via a hydrogel carrier in @entity154 resulted in amounts of bone formation similar to those for nonirradiated defects treated by use of rhTGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Local delivery of @entity2533 by use of a hydrogel carrier appears to have therapeutic potential for enhancing bone formation in animals after radiation treatments. IMPACT FOR @entity1 MEDICINE: This technique may be of value for treating @entity1 @entity1 at risk for delayed bone healing because of prior radiation therapy.

title: Effect of XXXX on bone regeneration in critical-sized @entity79 after irradiation of host tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'HUMAN']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['irradiated defects']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['Rabbits', 'rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defects']

entities_list: @entity14100 :: ('100008645(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1']

answer: @entity14100 :: (100008645(Tax:9986),Gene) :: ['transforming growth factor-beta1']


abstract: PURPOSE: This is the first known prospective study of @entity1 suicidal behavior in sub-Saharan Africa. Aims were to determine whether (1) cumulative exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predicts later suicidality and (2) heightened risks are mediated by @entity146 and drug/ @entity285 misuse. METHODS: Longitudinal repeated interviews were conducted 1 year apart (97% retention) with 3,515 adolescents aged 10-18 years in South Africa (56% female; <2.5% refusal). Random selection of census enumeration areas from urban/rural sites within two provinces and door-to-door sampling included all homes with a resident adolescent. Measures included past-month suicide attempts, planning, and ideation, @entity146 , drug/ @entity285 use, and @entity1289 , for example, parental @entity204 by @entity791 or homicide, abuse, and exposure to community violence. Analyses included multivariate logistic regression and multiple mediation tests. RESULTS: Past-month suicidality rates were 3.2% of adolescents attempting, 5.8% planning, and 7.2% reporting ideation. After controlling for baseline suicidality and sociodemographics, a strong, graded relationship was shown between cumulative @entity1289 and all suicide behaviors 1 year later. Baseline mental health, but not drug/ @entity285 misuse, mediated relationships between @entity1289 and subsequent suicidality. Suicide attempts rose from 1.9% among adolescents with no @entity1289 to 6.3%  among adolescents with >5 ACEs (cumulative odds ratio [OR], 2.46; confidence interval [CI], 1.00-6.05); for suicide planning, from 2.4% to 12.5% (cumulative OR, 4.40; CI, 2.08-9.29); and for suicide ideation, from 4.2% to 15.6% (cumulative OR, 2.99; CI, 1.68-5.53). CONCLUSIONS: Preventing and mitigating childhood adversities have the potential to reduce suicidality. Among adolescents already exposed to adversities, effective mental health services may buffer against future suicidality.

title: XXXX and Adolescent Suicide Attempts, Suicidal Behavior, and Adverse Childhood Experiences in South Africa: A Prospective Study.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders', 'mental health disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Child']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the outcomes of trabeculectomy with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) combined with direct cauterization of peripheral iris before iridectomy in the management of @entity2297 ( @entity2297 ), and to demonstrate the effect of this surgical technique on decreasing the incidence of @entity954 and early postoperative @entity5891 . METHODS: This prospective study was based on 72 eyes of 72 @entity1 with @entity2297 who underwent primary trabeculectomy with MMC combined with direct cauterization of peripheral iris before iridectomy. The @entity1 were evaluated for intraoperative and early @entity260 such as @entity5891 , and operative success rates. Operative success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) < or =22 mm Hg (+/-medical therapy) in the absence of phthisis. The mean IOP and the mean number of antiglaucomatous medications at baseline and at the posttrabeculectomy sixth month were compared by paired Student t test. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 39.3+/-5.6 mm Hg (range, 29 to 60 mm Hg) whereas it was 20.02+/-4.3 mm Hg (range, 14 to 38 mm Hg) at the postoperative sixth month. The mean preoperative number of antiglaucoma medications was 3.2+/-0.4 (range, 2 to 4) but it reduced to 1.8+/-0.6 (range, 1 to 4) at the postoperative sixth month. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.00001). The IOP was < or =22 mm Hg (+/-medical therapy) in 69 eyes (95.8%) at the postoperative first week, in 62 eyes (86.1%) at the postoperative first month, in 60 eyes (83.3%) at the @entity86 (66%) at the postoperative sixth month. @entity5891 occurred in 15 eyes (20.8%) within the first week of the surgery. In 12 eyes it was transient; however, in 3 eyes irrigation of anterior chamber was required. CONCLUSIONS: Trabeculectomy with MMC combined with direct cauterization of peripheral iris decreases the incidence of both @entity954 , and early postoperative @entity5891 , and provides reduction of IOP and the number of antiglaucomatous medications in cases with @entity2297 in a 6-month follow-up period.

title: Trabeculectomy with @entity1138 combined with direct cauterization of peripheral iris in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative third month and in 48 eyes']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5891 :: ('MESH:D006988', 'Disease') :: ['Hyphema', 'hyphema']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['NVG', 'neovascular glaucoma']

answer: @entity2297 :: (MESH:D015355,Disease) :: ['neovascular glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy and polypectomy frequently are performed for lesions that carry a low risk of @entity694 . Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) is a novel optical biopsy technique that can distinguish, almost instantaneously, between normal and abnormal tissue in vivo, without the need to remove tissue. We assessed the diagnostic potential of ESS in the @entity694 , @entity1960 , @entity1127 , @entity6523 (with @entity1141 ), and @entity420 . METHODS: ESS spectra were obtained from 138 sites in 45 @entity1 at colonoscopy. They were then compared with conventional biopsy specimens taken from the same site, including normal @entity694 , @entity1127 , @entity6523 , @entity1960 , and @entity694 . Spectral analysis was carried out with a validated computerized model that used principal component analysis followed by linear discriminant analysis. Cross validation was carried out by using 60% of the data as a "training set" and the remaining 40% of the data as a "test set." RESULTS: A total of 483 spectra were analyzed (290 normal, 19 @entity5072 , 69 @entity6523 , 74 @entity1960 , and 31 @entity14 ). The sensitivity and the specificity of differentiating @entity652 from @entity1127 was 84% and 84%, respectively; for @entity5 from @entity6523 , 80% and 75%, respectively; for @entity1960 from normal tissue, 77% and 82%, respectively; and for @entity5932 (from @entity1127 ) from @entity1960 , 85% and 88%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ESS holds promise for differentiating @entity1049 with good accuracy and, therefore, is a potentially useful tool to make an instantaneous diagnosis during colonoscopy. It could prove a valuable aid for targeting biopsies in @entity1141 surveillance in @entity29 and for deciding which small @entity1127 should be removed.

title: Elastic scattering spectroscopy for the diagnosis of XXXX : initial results of a novel optical biopsy technique.

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic lesions']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['colitis', 'chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosa', 'colon cancer', 'malignant transformation in the colon', 'colon to differentiate normal colonic mucosa']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1049 :: (MESH:D003108,Disease) :: ['colonic lesions']


abstract: Specific developmental and aging trajectories characterize sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) of @entity245 ( @entity245 ) subjects. @entity3297 ( @entity3297 ) is marked by sleep alterations and accelerated aging of several anatomo-functional and cognitive measures. Here we test the hypothesis of a @entity25 in @entity3297 . Age-related changes of home recorded sleep EEG of 42 subjects (21 @entity3297 , 21 age- and gender matched @entity245 subjects, age: 6-29 years) were tested by Pearson correlations and homogeneity-of-slopes analysis. Typical developmental/aging effects of sleep EEGs were observed in @entity245 subjects. Accelerated aging in @entity3297 was confirmed by overall sleep/wake measures. Specifically, @entity1240 was evident in accelerated age-dependent declines in @entity3297 subjects' sleep efficiency, as well as in steeper age-related rises in wakefulness and wake after sleep onset (WASO) of the @entity3297 group. In contrast, NREM sleep-related measures indicated atypical decelerations of the developmental trends of @entity3297 subjects, characterized by the slowing down of the age-related @entity25 ( @entity25 ) declines mirrored by the lack of age-dependent increase in Stage 2 (S2) sleep. Age-effects in sleep EEG power spectra were not different among the groups. Objectively measured sleep disruption of subjects with @entity3297 is age-dependent and increasing with age. Moreover, these data suggest atypical pre- and postpubertal neural development in @entity3297 , with sleep/wake balance and REM sleep time indicating accelerated aging while NREM sleep composition revealing signs of an as yet unidentified, perhaps @entity245 .

title: Aging and @entity25 : Accelerated sleep deterioration and decelerated XXXX decrement.

entities_list: @entity3297 :: ('MESH:D018980', 'Disease') :: ['Williams syndrome', 'WS']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory developmental delay', 'TD', 'typically developing']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['premature aging of sleep', 'slow wave sleep', 'SWS']

entities_list: @entity1240 :: ('MESH:D019588', 'Disease') :: ['premature aging']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['slow wave sleep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic input impedance is altered in @entity1 with @entity712 . However, little is known about whether this vascular response is an early change or a late manifestation of @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: This investigation used a paced @entity235 model of @entity712 to demonstrate that abnormal aortic input impedance does evolve in the setting of @entity67 and to prospectively define the time course of change in aortic input impedance and conduit vessel compliance. Studies were performed in closed-chest conditioned beagles aged 1 to 2 years that underwent hemodynamic evaluation at baseline and after induction of @entity1002 by rapid ventricular pacing. Within 48 hours of the onset of rapid ventricular pacing, we observed mild @entity1002 with an echocardiographically derived left ventricular ejection fraction of 37% (p < .001 compared with baseline) measured during interruption of rapid ventricular pacing. Concomitant with this reduction in left ventricular systolic function, the aortic input impedance spectrum was shifted above baseline in all @entity235 studied. Characteristic impedance of the aorta significantly increased from 121 +/- 65 dynes.s/cm5 to 186 +/- 114 dynes.s/cm5 (P < .02), and a significant increase in the first modulus of impedance from 137 +/- 43 dynes.s/cm5 to 228 +/- 139 dynes.s/cm5 was observed (P < .05). Although characteristic aortic impedance increased by 50%, there was at this point no change in peripheral vascular resistance. Therefore, these abnormalities in aortic input impedance are representative of an early vascular change that evolves in response to @entity67 . CONCLUSIONS: Considering the early appearance of these findings, the resultant impaired power transfer and reduced conduit vessel compliance likely contribute to the progression of @entity296 characteristic of @entity67 .

title: Increased aortic impedance precedes peripheral vasoconstriction at the early stage of XXXX in the paced @entity235 model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal myocardial energetics and systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preclinical and epidemiologic studies suggest chemopreventive effects of @entity3641 ( @entity3641 ) and black tea (BT) in @entity263 . In the current study we determined the effect of @entity3641 and BT consumption on biomarkers related to @entity263 development and progression. METHODS: In this exploratory, open label, phase II trial 113 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 were randomized to consume six cups daily of brewed @entity3641 , BT or water (control) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP). The primary endpoint was @entity263 markers of @entity5 development and progression determined by tissue immunostaining of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis ( @entity588 , @entity589 , Tunel), @entity32 (nuclear and cytoplasmic nuclear factor kappa B [NFkB]) and oxidation ( @entity20821 [ @entity20821 ]). Secondary endpoints of urinary oxidation, tea @entity3978 uptake in prostate tissue, and serum @entity1486 (PSA) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography and ELISA analysis. RESULTS: Ninety three @entity1 completed the intervention. There was no significant difference in markers of proliferation, apoptosis and oxidation in RP tissue comparing @entity3641 and BT to water control. Nuclear staining of NFkB was significantly decreased in RP tissue of @entity1 consuming @entity3641 (P = 0.013) but not BT (P = 0.931) compared to water control. Tea @entity6398 were detected in prostate tissue from 32 of 34 @entity1 consuming @entity3641 but not in the other groups. Evidence of a systemic antioxidant effect was observed (reduced urinary @entity20821 ) only with @entity3641 consumption (P = 0.03). @entity3641 , but not BT or water, also led to a small but statistically significant decrease in serum @entity1486 (PSA) levels (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Given the @entity3641 -induced changes in NFkB and systemic oxidation, and uptake of @entity3641 @entity6398 in prostate tissue, future longer-term studies are warranted to further examine the role of @entity3641 for @entity263 prevention and treatment, and possibly for other prostate conditions such as @entity1069 .

title: Randomized clinical trial of brewed green and black tea in XXXX with @entity263 prior to prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity20821 :: ('MESH:C067134', 'Chemical') :: ['8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine', '8OHdG']

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Perinatal @entity75 ( @entity75 ) occurs in 1-2 in every 1000 term @entity1 and the devastating consequences range from @entity306 , @entity302 and @entity51 to @entity204 . Cellular damage post insult occurs after a delay and is mediated by a secondary neural energy failure. @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular stress resulting from @entity855 depletion and/or @entity460 dysregulation, hallmarks of the neuronal cell @entity204 observed after @entity75 . AMPK activation has been implicated in the models of @entity130 but, as yet, there have been no studies defining its role in neonatal @entity1763 . Here, we find that in an  in vivo model of @entity519 -ischaemic and in @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation in neurons, there is pathological activation  of the @entity460 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase b (CaMKKb)-AMPKa1 signalling pathway. Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK during the insult promotes neuronal survival but, conversely, inhibiting AMPK activity prior to the insult sensitizes neurons, exacerbating cell @entity204 . Our data have pathological relevance for neonatal @entity75 as prior sensitization such as exposure to @entity2348 (reported to reduce AMPK activity) produces a significant @entity130 . We show that in an in vivo model of @entity519 -ischaemic and in @entity26 / @entity413 deprivation in neurons, there is a pathological activation of the CaMKKb-AMPKa1 signalling pathway. Inhibiting AMPK during @entity23258 promotes neuronal survival; conversely, inhibiting AMPK prior to @entity23258 exacerbates cell @entity204 . Our data have clinical relevance as  prior sensitization (e.g. exposure to @entity2348 reducing AMPK activity) @entity130 . AMPK, @entity860 -activated protein kinase; HI, @entity519 -ischaemia; @entity23258 , @entity26 - @entity413 deprivation.

title: A dual role for XXXX -activated protein kinase (AMPK) during neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic brain injury in mice.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy', 'HIE']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increases injury', 'adult ischaemic injury', 'increase in injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: The majority of clinical isolates of @entity6729 produce beta-lactamase. The role of this enzyme in the phenomenon of indirect pathogenicity, in which a true pathogen such as @entity328 is protected from the action of certain @entity3405 antibiotics, is well recognized. By using a simple continuous-culture biofilm system, it has been shown that the pneumococcus attains high titers in excess of 10(12) CFU/biofilm; furthermore, the @entity114 -sensitive pneumococcus used remained susceptible to a range of @entity3405 antibiotics in these biofilms (R. K. Budhani and J. K. Struthers, J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40:601-602, 1997). This system was used to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility of this isolate when grown with beta-lactamase-negative or -positive moraxellae. When grown with beta-lactamase-producing moraxellae in the presence of either @entity3397 or @entity115 , the pneumococcus was protected in the range of the antibiotic concentrations to which it would be considered resistant. With @entity115 - @entity798 the titers of the two organisms collapsed at the antibiotic concentration at which moraxellae became susceptible. The levels of beta-lactamase activity in cell-free supernatants of broth culture, in biofilm, and in biofilm effluent revealed distinct differences in this activity; levels in biofilm were significantly lower than those in broth culture supernatants. The system appears suitable for studying organisms under antibiotic stress and for investigating the interactions of bacteria under such conditions.

title: Interaction of @entity328 and XXXX : investigation of the indirect pathogenic role of beta-lactamase-producing moraxellae by use of a continuous-culture biofilm system.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity6729 :: ('480', 'Species') :: ['Moraxella catarrhalis']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

answer: @entity6729 :: (480,Species) :: ['Moraxella catarrhalis']