abstract: OBJECTIVES: To develop a new experimental model of partial @entity1695 that is simple, reliable, variable, and reversible. METHODS: A 6 F ureteral catheter was inserted into the left ureteral orifice and was cut 2 cm distal to the orifice. The most distal part of the ureter was ligated around the catheter. The catheter lumen was partially obstructed by insertion of stylets of three different diameters. The catheter and the stylet were fixed inside the bladder. The model was tested in 12 @entity235 , which were stratified into three groups according to the diameter of the obstructing stylet. All the @entity235 were subjected to intravenous urography (IVU) and @entity38817 ( @entity38817 ) renal scan at 2 and 4 weeks following induction of partial @entity1695 . RESULTS: Three different grades of hydroureteronephrosis were obtained according to the diameter of the obstructing stylet. The IVU and @entity38817 renal scan studies were repeated at 2 and 4 weeks following removal of the ureteral catheter and ureteroneocystostomy and showed marked improvement in the configuration and function of the corresponding renoureteral units. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental model fulfills the requirements for a useful model of partial @entity1695 , namely, simplicity, reliability, variability, and reversibility.

title: Partial XXXX : a new variable and reversible @entity235 experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity38817 :: ('MESH:D017263', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-MAG3', 'technetium-99m-mercaptoacetyltriglycine']

answer: @entity1695 :: (MESH:D014517,Disease) :: ['ureteral obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is proposed in the general population as an alternative to staged bilateral TKA and has the advantage of reducing costs with equivalent complication rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of this alternative in a population of @entity1 with severe @entity447 . HYPOTHESIS: Simultaneous bilateral TKA is less expensive than staged bilateral TKA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective case control study in @entity1 with severe @entity447 A to compare the direct costs of coagulation factors, the length of hospital stay and sick leave as well as the clinical outcome (KKS) of simultaneous bilateral TKA (group 1; G1: 5 @entity1 ) and staged bilateral TKA (group 2; G2: 12 @entity1 ). RESULTS: The mean cost of coagulation factors was 65,880      in G1 and 139,000      in G2 (P<0.001). The length of the hospital stay (24 days vs 44 cumulative days, respectively) and sick leave (105 days vs 183 cumulative days, respectively) was significantly reduced in G1. There was no significant difference in clinical outcome at the final follow-up. One @entity1 in G2 had a late knee @entity281 . DISCUSSION: Simultaneous bilateral TKA in severe @entity447 is associated with lower costs than staged bilateral TKA with equivalent clinical results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3, case control study.

title: Simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty in severe XXXX : A retrospective cost-effectiveness analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: The protein expressions of neurotrophic factors can be enhanced by @entity258 ( @entity258 ) stimulation in the brain. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the protective effect of @entity258 stimulation against @entity3775 -induced @entity75 in @entity195 @entity35 model. @entity258 was administered 7 days before each @entity15484 ( @entity15484 ) administration, and concomitantly given with @entity15484 daily for a period of 6 weeks. Neurotrophic factors in hippocampus were measured by western blot analysis. Behavioral changes in the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze were examined in @entity35 after administration of @entity15484 . Various biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the extent of @entity75 . @entity258 is capable of prompting levels of @entity2136 ( @entity2136 ), @entity10157 ( @entity10157 ), and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) in @entity35 brain. @entity15484 administration resulted in a significant increase in the @entity3775 concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity and beta-amyloid (Ab) deposition in @entity15484 treated @entity35 . @entity258 stimulation significantly attenuated @entity3775 concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, Ab deposition and karyopyknosis in @entity15484 treated @entity35 . Furthermore, @entity258 significantly improved memory retention in @entity15484 -induced @entity2414 . These experimental results indicate that @entity258 has neuroprotective effects against @entity15484 -induced @entity75 and @entity73 .

title: Protective effects of @entity258 on @entity3775 -induced @entity75 in @entity195 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['BDNF', 'brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity10157 :: ('25453(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['GDNF', 'glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damages', 'cerebral damage', 'brain damages']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity15484 :: ('MESH:C010845', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum chloride', 'AlCl3']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LIPUS', 'low-intensity pulsed ultrasound']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Epitheloid @entity79 is a rare primary @entity79 . Diagnosis can be difficult for physicians who are not experienced with @entity3478 . We also had difficulties in diagnosis and treatment in one of our @entity1 with a @entity8146 involving the pelvis, left femur, and left tibia. We recommend a complete skeletal survey with magnetic resonance imaging because it can reveal previously undetected lesions on conventional radiographs. We performed an extraarticular resection of the hip joint including the spina iliaca anterior inferior, resection of the femur, and amputation of the lower leg. The femur was replaced by a modular endoprosthesis. The @entity1 is provided with an above-knee prosthesis and is able to walk even longer distances with a cane 2 years after surgery. In our opinion it is necessary to perform a wide resection of this @entity5 in order to treat a @entity1 with curative intention. Palliative radiotherapy should only be used for a non-resectable @entity5 or in metastatic disease. Chemotherapy is not a treatment option.

title: The XXXX of bone: a case example and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioendothelioma of bone', 'bone malignancy']

entities_list: @entity8146 :: ('MESH:D006390', 'Disease') :: ['multicentric epitheloid hemangioendothelioma']

answer: @entity8146 :: (MESH:D006390,Disease) :: ['multicentric epitheloid hemangioendothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5507 produces a wide range of @entity1200 . Blood-membrane interaction in hemodialysis results in activation and severe dysfunction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). However, the question of whether the use of different dialytic membranes may improve @entity1503 remains unanswered. METHODS: To address this issue, the spontaneous interleukin (IL)-6, @entity687 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) gene expression and protein release were studied in PBMC isolated from 7 healthy subjects, 8 @entity1381 @entity1 on conservative therapy and 8 @entity1381 @entity1 undergoing subsequent one month periods of hemodialysis with @entity8608 (CU) and high-flux noncomplement activating membranes, @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) and @entity8607 (PA). At the end of each period of treatment, PBMC were harvested at the beginning (T0) and after 180 minutes of dialysis (T180), and then were cultured in complete medium. @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2842 mRNA expression were studied by RT-PCR. In addition, @entity2842 gene expression was evaluated also by in situ hybridization. Cytokines released in the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared to the control group, PBMC from @entity1381 @entity1 on conservative therapy and treated by CU showed a clear reduction in the cytokine release, while @entity4625 and PA membranes were able to normalize @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2842 protein concentration, which had been reduced by CU treatment. Interestingly, at T0, mRNA expression for all three cytokines was increased in the @entity1 treated by CU, when compared to the control group and the @entity1381 @entity1 on conservative therapy. A further up-regulation was observed at T180. @entity4625 and PA treatment, despite increasing the cytokine secretion, significantly reduced the dialysis-induced cytokine gene expression. CONCLUSION: PBMC exposure to CU membranes results in cytokine mRNA overexpression associated with a paradoxically reduced protein release. In contrast, long-term hemodialysis with synthetic high-flux membranes reduces @entity650 , @entity687 and @entity2842 gene expression and improves the ability of PBMC to secrete these cytokines. The reduced cytokine secretion during bioincompatible dialysis may reflect a PBMC adaptation that protects @entity1381 @entity1 against the inflammatory effects of persistent cytokine release.

title: @entity650 , @entity687 and XXXX gene expression and protein synthesis are independently modulated by hemodialysis membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4625 :: ('MESH:D019904', 'Chemical') :: ['polymethylmethacrylate', 'PMMA']

entities_list: @entity8607 :: ('CHEBI:61445', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamide']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['PBMC dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemotactic peptide-1']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the immune system']

entities_list: @entity8608 :: ('MESH:C009865', 'Chemical') :: ['cuprophan']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['monocyte chemotactic peptide-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has promoted the appropriate use of antibiotics since 1995 when it initiated the National Campaign for Appropriate Antibiotic Use in the Community. This study examines @entity1729 included in the campaign to determine the degree to which antibiotics were appropriately prescribed and subsequent admission rates in a veteran population. METHODS: This study is a retrospective chart review conducted among outpatients with a diagnosis of a respiratory tract infection between January 2009 and December 2011 for @entity3617 , @entity7551 , @entity1244 , and non-specific @entity1729 . RESULTS: The study found 595 (35.8%) @entity1 were treated appropriately and 1067 (64.3%) @entity1 received therapy considered inappropriate based on the Get Smart Campaign criteria. Overall subsequent readmission rate were 1.5%. The majority (77.5%) of @entity1 were prescribed an antibiotic. The most common antibiotics prescribed were @entity4580 (39.0%), @entity115 / @entity798 (13.2%) and @entity3477 (7.5%). A multivariate regression analysis demonstrated significant predictors of appropriate treatment included presence of tonsillar exudates (OR 0.6 CI 0.3-0.9), fever (OR 0.6 CI 0.4-0.9), and lymphadenopathy (OR 0.4 CI 0.3-0.6), while @entity114 allergy (OR 2.9 CI 1.7-4.7) and cough (OR 1.6 CI 1.1-2.2) were significant predictors for inappropriate treatment. DISCUSSION: Poor compliance with the Get Smart Campaign was found in outpatients for @entity1729 . Results from this study demonstrate the overprescribing of antibiotics, while providing a focused view of improper prescribing. This article provides evidence the current efforts are insufficient to curtail inappropriate antibiotic use.

title: Outpatient treatment for XXXX : an evaluation of factors associated with antibiotic misuse.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity3477 :: ('MESH:C104727', 'Chemical') :: ['moxifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections', 'upper respiratory infections', 'respiratory infections']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']


abstract: X- @entity16039 diffraction has the potential to provide rich information about the structural dynamics of macromolecules. To realize this potential, both Bragg scattering, which is currently used to derive macromolecular structures, and diffuse scattering, which reports on correlations in charge density variations, must be measured. Until now, measurement of diffuse scattering from protein crystals has been scarce because of the extra effort of collecting diffuse data. Here, we present 3D measurements of diffuse intensity collected from crystals of the enzymes cyclophilin A and trypsin. The measurements were obtained from the same X- @entity16039 diffraction images as the Bragg data, using best practices for standard data collection. To model the underlying dynamics in a practical way that could be used during structure refinement, we tested translation-libration-screw (TLS), liquid-like motions (LLM), and coarse-grained @entity15131 ( @entity15131 ) models of protein motions. The LLM model provides a global picture of motions and was refined against the diffuse data, whereas the TLS and @entity15131 models provide more detailed and distinct descriptions of atom displacements, and only used information from the Bragg data. Whereas different TLS groupings yielded similar Bragg intensities, they yielded different diffuse intensities, none of which agreed well with the data. In contrast, both the LLM and @entity15131 models agreed substantially with the diffuse data. These results demonstrate a realistic path to increase the number of diffuse datasets available to the wider biosciences community and indicate that dynamics-inspired @entity15131 structural models can simultaneously agree with both Bragg and diffuse scattering.

title: Measuring and modeling diffuse scattering in protein X- XXXX crystallography.

answer: @entity16039 :: (255564,Species) :: ['ray']


abstract: The purpose of this study is to describe a minimally invasive approach using a microscope and the subsequent helmet therapy. The authors have treated 14 @entity1 with the microscopic technique between May 2001 and November 2003. In this group of @entity1 , there were 3 females and 11 males with an average age of 10.5 weeks and a range of 4 to 28 weeks. The study included 8 @entity1 with @entity91 and 6 @entity1 with other synostoses. In the latter group, there were 3 @entity1 with metopic, one with unicoronal, one with bicoronal, and one with lambdoidal. The approach used limited incisions over the affected sutures. The craniotomy/craniectomy was completed using a 5-mm burr. Postoperative helmet therapy was begun within 2 weeks after surgery. In @entity1 with @entity91 , a mean of 1.5 helmets for a duration of 11.4 weeks was used. In the other groups of @entity1 with @entity91 , a mean of 2.3 helmets for a duration of 13.5 weeks was used. A microscopic variation to the "minimally invasive" approach to @entity91 is presented. It provides excellent visualization, illumination, and control of the surgical field. When compared with traditional surgery, it results in shorter hospitalization and operative time and decreased @entity190 . The authors note that critical to this approach is the postoperative helmet therapy. Early results are encouraging.

title: Microscopic approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['sagittal synostosis', 'craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: Calbindin cells represent a major interneuron subtype of the cortical/pallial regions, such as the basolateral amygdala, which are often analyzed in studies of tangential migration of interneurons from the subpallial ganglionic eminences to the pallium/cortex. However, previous evidence suggests that during development the calbindin cells may include more than one of the interneuron subtypes found in the adult pallium/cortex. Furthermore, in the adult basolateral amygdala, calbindin cells include a subpopulation of non-GABAergic (non-interneuron) cells. To better characterize these cells throughout development, in the present study we investigated the colocalization of calbindin, @entity5138 and @entity1246 in cells of the @entity19 basolateral amygdala during late embryonic (E16.5) and several postnatal ages from birth until 4 weeks after birth (P0, @entity14819 and @entity22386 ). Our results indicate that CB, PV and @entity1246 show a dynamic pattern of colocalization in cells of the @entity19 basolateral amygdalar nucleus throughout development. From E16.5 through @entity22386 , the majority of CB+ neurons and virtually all PV+ neurons are GABAergic. However, after @entity14819 , the percentage of GABAergic CB+ cells decline from 96% to 70%. Furthermore, while only 9% of CB+ neurons are PV+ at @entity14819 , this percentage raises to 42% at @entity22386 . At all postnatal ages studied, the majority of the PV+ cells are CB+, suggesting that PV+ interneurons develop postnatally mainly as a subpopulation within the CB+ cells of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus. These results are important for interpreting data from interneuron migration.

title: Dynamic patterns of colocalization of calbindin, @entity5138 and @entity1246 in subpopulations of XXXX basolateral amygdalar cells during development.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 10048 Background: The aim of this work was to characterize @entity1 (pts) characteristics and the mutational status of @entity677 who benefit the most from IM in term of prolonged response and overall survival. METHODS: Among the 434 pts included between June 2002 to July 2009 in the prospective multicentric @entity16234 trial, we selected the 236 pts having started IM 400 mg daily for at least 5 years (pts enrolled before January 2006). Pts who have no exhibited any kind of progression have been retrospectively analyzed both clinically and biologically. KIT and @entity3820 mutations were analyzed using DHPLC and direct sequencing of frequently mutated exons (KIT 9, 11, 13, 14, 18, @entity3820 12, 14, 18). Characteristics data were compared between pts with or without progression. RESULTS: As of January 2011, 197/236 selected pts have progressed or died since IM initiation and 39 pts are still free of progression. The characteristics of these long term survivors favorable cohort of pts are as following: a non significant increase of @entity356 (48.7% vs 29.7%), PS 0 (P=0.04) and a small @entity5 volume at inclusion (median 49 mm vs 102) (p=0.003). As of now, 27 out 39 prolonged responding pts to IM are evaluable for mutational analysis. All but three pts (2 with exon 9 and 1 WT) pts harbored an exon 11 mutation. The most common @entity74 (16 out 24 pts) affects codons 557 and/or 558. CONCLUSIONS: Pts in good performance status with a small @entity5 volume at inclusion and harboring an exon 11 mutation in the vicinity of codon 557-558 confere to pts a high sensibility to IM and predict a prolonged outcome.

title: Who are the long responders to imatinib (IM) in @entity1 with advanced XXXX ? Results of the @entity16234 prospective French Sarcoma Group randomized phase III trial.

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity677 :: (MESH:C564650,Disease) :: ['GIST']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To devise a new form of sigh ("extended sigh") capable of providing a sufficient recruiting pressure x time, and to test it as a recruitment maneuver in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . DESIGN: Prospective uncontrolled clinical trial. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : Twenty consecutive @entity1 diagnosed with acute @entity649 (18 @entity1 , 2 @entity1 , age 59 +/- 10 yrs). INTERVENTIONS: From baseline settings of tidal volume (Vt) 8 mL/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 10 cm @entity2507 on volume control mode with the high pressure limit at 40 cm @entity2507 , the Vt-PEEP values were changed to 6-15, 4-20, and 2-25, each step being 30 secs (inflation phase). After Vt-PEEP 2-25, the mode was switched to continuous positive airway pressure of 30 cm @entity2507 for a duration of 30 secs (pause), after which the baseline setting was resumed following the reverse sequence of inflation (deflation phase). This extended sigh was performed twice with 1 min of baseline ventilation between. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Airway pressures and hemodynamic parameters were traced at each step during the extended sigh. Arterial blood gases and physiologic parameters were determined before the extended sigh (pre-extended sigh), at 5 mins after two extended sighs (post-extended sigh), and then every 15 mins for 1 hr. In our average @entity1 , the recruiting pressure x time of the inflation phase was estimated to be 32.8-35.4 cm @entity2507 x 90 secs. Compared with the inflation phase, inspiratory pause pressure of the deflation phase was lower at Vt-PEEP 6-15 (28.9 +/- 2.7 cm @entity2507 vs. 27.3 +/- 2.8 cm @entity2507 ) and 4-20 (31.8 +/- 2.9 cm @entity2507 vs. 31.1 +/- 2.9 cm @entity2507 ; both p <.05). Compared with pre-extended sigh, Pao2 (81.5 +/- 15.3 mm Hg vs. 104.8 +/- 25.0 mm Hg; p <.001) and static respiratory compliance both increased post-extended sigh (27.9 +/- 7.9 mL/cm @entity2507 vs. 30.2 +/- 9.7 mL/cm @entity2507 ; p =.009). Improvement in these parameters was sustained above pre-extended sigh for the duration of the study. Major hemodynamic or respiratory complications were not noted during the study. CONCLUSION: We present a new form of sigh (i.e., extended sigh) capable of achieving an augmented recruiting pressure x time through a prolonged inflation on a gradually increased end-expiratory pressure. In view of the sustained effect and absence of major complications in our @entity1 , extended sigh could be a useful recruitment maneuver in acute @entity649 .

title: Mechanistic scheme and effect of "extended sigh" as a recruitment maneuver in @entity1 with acute XXXX : a preliminary study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic management of @entity340 and congenital ureteroceles is the current standard to relieve the obstruction. While the most commonly used techniques involve cystoscopic incision with cold knife or electrosurgery, an alternative is to ablate the obstructive tissue with laser energy. With increasing prenatal diagnoses, there has been an increasing shift in the timing of intervention toward earlier periods. The literature contains only two reports of laser ablation in neonates for these disease entities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case series was conducted by retrospectively reviewing our surgical database for all consecutive @entity1 <28 days old (i.e., neonates) diagnosed in utero with obstructive @entity3551 and with postnatal imaging consistent with either @entity340 (anterior or posterior) or ureterocele. @entity23008 : yttrium aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser ablation was used as the exclusive modality of endoscopic management during the study period. All @entity1 were followed with voiding cystourethrogram and renal/bladder ultrasounds postoperatively. RESULTS: Seventeen neonates underwent retrograde transurethral laser ablation procedures at a median age of 7 days (range 3-27). There were nine cases of @entity340 (seven posterior, two anterior) and eight ureterocele ablations. Median operative time was 23 minutes (range 18-33). There were no intraoperative complications or reoperative procedures required for any case. All @entity1 voided after postoperative catheter removal, and no @entity1 had evidence of residual valve tissue or urethral stricture at mean follow-up of 10.1 months. All @entity1 with ureterocele demonstrated partial or complete decompression of the ureterocele and improvement in hydroureteronephrosis at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Ho:YAG laser ablation appears safe, effective, and efficient for the management of @entity340 and ureteroceles in the neonatal period. With a continuing trend toward early definitive intervention for these conditions, laser ablation remains an important alternative to electrosurgery in this population.

title: Laser ablation in the management of obstructive XXXX in neonates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'urethral valves', 'urethral valve ablation']

answer: @entity3551 :: (MESH:C536483,Disease) :: ['uropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study examines the results of extrahepatic biliary resection, nonoperative @entity384 with or without percutaneous stenting, and liver transplantation in the management of @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: @entity991 is a progressive @entity32 leading to @entity2835 . The most effective management of @entity991 before the onset of @entity82 remains unclear. METHODS: From 1980 to 1994, 146 @entity1 with @entity991 were managed with either resection of the extrahepatic bile ducts and long-term transhepatic stenting (50 @entity1 ), nonoperative @entity384 with or without percutaneous stenting (54 @entity1 ), medical therapy (28 @entity1 ), and/or liver transplantation (21 @entity1 ). RESULTS: Procedure-related morbidity and mortality rates were similar between surgically resected and nonoperatively managed @entity1 . In noncirrhotic patients, the serum @entity648 level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced from preoperative levels (8.3+/-1.5 mg/dL) 1 (1.7+/-0.4 mg/dL) and 3 (2.7+/-0.9 mg/ dL) years after resection, but not after endoscopic or percutaneous management. For noncirrhotic @entity991 @entity1 , overall 5-year survival (85% vs. 59%) and survival until death or transplantation (82% vs. 46%) were significantly longer (p < 0.05) after resection than after nonoperative dilation with or without stenting. For cirrhotic @entity1 , survival after liver transplantation was longer than after resection or nonoperative dilation with or without stenting. Five @entity1 developed @entity201 , including three (6%) of the nonoperatively managed @entity1 but none of the resected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In carefully selected noncirrhotic @entity1 with @entity991 , resection and long-term stenting remains a good option. @entity1 with @entity82 should undergo liver transplantation.

title: XXXX : resect, dilate, or transplant?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['secondary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic biliary dilation']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosing cholangitis', 'PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis', 'Primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: ePTFE interposition grafts in the common carotid arteries of 16 adult @entity742 were used to study the effect of a @entity2871 receptor antagonist. Vapiprost ( @entity49316 , Glaxo research group, London, UK). After insertion of the grafts the @entity742 were randomised to treatment (n = 8) or control (n = 8). Treatment was given as an intravenous injection with @entity49316 of 1 mg/kg body weight. The flow in one of the two inserted grafts was restricted from normal (190 ml/min) to 25 ml/min. Autologous 111-In labelled platelets and @entity1 125-I labelled fibrinogen were injected intravenously. The radioactivity over each graft was measured for 4 h at two separate points with a gamma scintillation technique. Due to technical complications immediately before the start of the measurements one @entity742 in each group was excluded from the study. In the treated group three out of seven grafts with restricted flow occluded compared to all seven grafts with a flow reduction in the control group (p less than 0.05). The grafts with unrestricted flow occluded in two of seven in both groups. In the open grafts with unrestricted flow the fibrinogen activity was significantly reduced in the treated group compared to the control group. The platelet activity was not significantly reduced. It is concluded that @entity49316 significantly reduced the fibrinogen uptake as well as graft occlusions of ePTFE grafts in a low flow situation.

title: The effect of a XXXX receptor antagonist on acute ePTFE arterial graft thrombogenicity--an experimental study in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity2871 :: ('CHEBI:26995', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane']

answer: @entity2871 :: (CHEBI:26995,Chemical) :: ['thromboxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of resuscitation with a 1-shock versus the conventional 3-shock defibrillation protocol was investigated subject to the range of treatment variation imposed by @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity2224 was induced in 44 @entity12526 . After 7 minutes of untreated VF, animals were randomized among 4 groups representing all combinations of the 1- versus 3-shock protocol and 2 different AED regimens (AED1, AED2). Because few @entity4610 support a 1-shock protocol, manual defibrillators were used to replicate the AED treatment regimen: electrical waveform, dose sequence, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) interruption intervals. @entity1457 (s) were delivered, followed by 60 seconds of CPR, and the treatment was repeated until resuscitation was successful or for 15 minutes. The 1-shock protocol was associated with improved outcome, reducing CPR interruptions from 45% to 34% of total resuscitation time (P=0.019) and increasing survival from 64% to 100% (P=0.004). Survival was 91% for AED1 versus 36% for AED2 (P=0.024) with a 3-shock protocol but was increased to 100% for both by adoption of a 1-shock protocol. Improvements in postresuscitation left ventricular ejection fraction and @entity64 volume were observed with AED1 compared with AED2 (difference of means, 15% and 28% of baseline respectively, P<0.001) regardless of defibrillation protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of a 1-shock versus a 3-shock resuscitation protocol improved survival and minimized outcome differences imposed by variations in AED design and implementation. When a conventional 3-shock defibrillation protocol was used, however, the choice of AED had a significant impact on resuscitation outcome.

title: One-shock versus three-shock defibrillation protocol significantly improves outcome in a porcine model of prolonged XXXX cardiac arrest.

entities_list: @entity12526 :: ('9825', 'Species') :: ['domestic pigs']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Initial shock']

entities_list: @entity4610 :: ('MESH:D009886', 'Disease') :: ['automated external defibrillators', 'AEDs']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Combination inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting bronchodilator (ICS/LABA) therapy reduces the exacerbation rate and improves spirometry and quality of life in @entity1030 . We hypothesized that ICS/LABA therapy also improves small airway function measured by FOT. METHODS: 14 subjects with @entity1030 were commenced on combination @entity5023 / @entity10453 therapy for 3 months. At baseline, subjects completed the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and underwent standard pulmonary function tests as well as forced oscillation technique (FOT) and single and multiple breath @entity1568 washouts. All tests were repeated at the completion of 3 months of therapy. RESULTS: Subjects were of mean (SD) age 65.9 years (8.4), BMI 30.0 (5.6), pack years 51.4 (21.1), post-bronchodilator FEV1% predicted 62.7 (20). At baseline, mean SGRQ total was 39.0 (17.7) and FRC% predicted 125.4 (31.3). From FOT, Rrs-total was 5.69 (1.29)  cm @entity2507 /L/s, Xrs-total -3.48 (2.16)  cm @entity2507 /L/s, EFL Index 3.51 (2.45)  cm @entity2507 /L/s. After 3 months of therapy, there were significant improvements in SGRQ score (-13.81, p  <  0.0001) despite no change in FEV1 (+40  mL, p  =  0.14). From FOT, total resistance (-0.63  cm @entity2507 /L/s, p  =  0.0004), reactance (+1.2  cm @entity2507 /L/s, p  =  0.013), and expiratory flow limitation (-1.21  cm @entity2507 /L/s, p  =  0.02) also improved. There were no significant changes in ventilation heterogeneity indices. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy is associated with improvements in small airways function in @entity1030 , despite an absence of change in FEV1. FOT may be a clinically useful marker of small airway function in @entity1030 that is responsive to treatment.

title: Changes in oscillatory impedance and @entity1568 washout with combination XXXX / @entity10453 therapy in @entity1030 .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate']

answer: @entity5023 :: (MESH:C065382,Chemical) :: ['fluticasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Premenopausal @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 are at risk for @entity146 after @entity5 treatment. Targeted interventions are needed to address the needs of this vulnerable group. METHODS: This randomized trial provided the first evaluation of a brief, mindfulness-based intervention for younger @entity0 survivors designed to reduce stress, @entity308 , and inflammatory activity. @entity1 diagnosed with early @entity0 at or before age 50 who had completed @entity5 treatment were randomly assigned to a 6-week Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPS) intervention group (n = 39) or to a wait-list control group (n = 32). @entity1 completed questionnaires before and after the intervention to assess stress and @entity308 (primary outcomes) as well as physical symptoms, @entity5 , and positive outcomes. Blood samples were collected to examine genomic and circulating markers of @entity32 . @entity1 also completed questionnaires at a 3-month follow-up assessment. RESULTS: In linear mixed models, the MAPS intervention led to significant reductions in perceived stress (P =   .004) and marginal reductions in @entity308 (P =   .094), as well as significant reductions in proinflammatory gene expression (P =   .009) and inflammatory signaling (P =   .001) at postintervention. Improvements in secondary outcomes included reduced @entity1295 , @entity25 , and vasomotor symptoms and increased peace and meaning and positive affect (P <   .05 for all). Intervention effects on psychological and behavioral measures were not maintained at the 3-month follow-up assessment, although reductions in @entity5 were observed at that assessment. CONCLUSIONS: A brief, mindfulness-based intervention demonstrated preliminary short-term efficacy in reducing stress, behavioral symptoms, and proinflammatory signaling in younger @entity0 survivors.

title: Mindfulness meditation for younger XXXX survivors: a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychological and behavioral disturbances']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer-related distress']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: @entity3911 promastigotes were grown to late log phase, washed and resuspended in iso-osmotic buffer containing @entity534 , and the rate of @entity1133 formation was then measured under various conditions. Addition of @entity413 or @entity3913 activated @entity1133 formation, whereas @entity897 inhibited and @entity36021 had no effect. Addition of @entity493 or of @entity13080 inhibited @entity1133 formation, @entity493 causing a greater inhibition than @entity13080 . Addition of @entity368 , @entity1521 , @entity2228 , or @entity376 had no effect on @entity1133 formation. The presence of @entity2227 also increased the rate of @entity1133 formation from @entity369 , but to a lesser extent than did @entity413 . The presence of both @entity413 and @entity493 caused no net change in @entity1133 formation, whereas the inhibitory effect of @entity493 exceeded the activating effect of @entity2227 , so that a small inhibition in the rate of @entity1133 formation occurred in the presence of both @entity493 and @entity2227 . Cells grown to 3-day stationary phase had a markedly reduced rate of @entity369 catabolism to @entity1133 , but the activating effect of @entity413 and the inhibitory effect of @entity493 were qualitatively similar to their effects on late log phase cells. Addition of water to cells suspended in buffer also inhibited @entity1133 formation, but this appeared to be due primarily to the release of @entity493 caused by the hypo-osmotic stress. Addition of @entity2656 to cells suspended in buffer caused a small inhibition of @entity369 catabolism. Addition of @entity5393 , @entity6708 , @entity52870 , or @entity3365 had no effect on the rate of @entity1133 formation from @entity369 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity369 catabolism by XXXX promastigotes.

entities_list: @entity13080 :: ('MESH:C100049', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-aminoisobutyrate']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity52870 :: ('MESH:C119222', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristic acid']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity36021 :: ('MESH:C037904', 'Chemical') :: ['6-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3911 :: ('5661', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania donovani']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity897 :: ('MESH:D003847', 'Chemical') :: ['2-deoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyrylcyclic AMP']

answer: @entity3911 :: (5661,Species) :: ['Leishmania donovani']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In January 2014 a possible outbreak of @entity6402 @entity2259 occurred in a hemodialysis center situated in La Linea de la Concepci  n (Cadiz). An investigation was begun to confirm the outbreak, identify the source, and implement control measures. METHODS: A descriptive analysis was performed to describe the characteristics of the @entity1 affected with @entity6402 @entity2259 from November 2013 to February 2014. Environmental samples were taken. A molecular typing study was performed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (SpeI @entity20297 ) and MLST analysis in order to determine the genetic similarity between the isolates. RESULTS: The bacterium was isolated from blood cultures of 7 @entity1 during the study period. Three of the samples (2 of which were also cases) were endoluminal fluid from catheter locks, and 4 @entity1216 bottle samples. The @entity1 were coincident in 2 of the 6 work shifts. The mean age of the cases was 67 years of whom 57% were @entity1 . @entity1 samples and an environmental sample was analyzed and found to be genetically identical (ST653 clone). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis confirmed the outbreak of @entity6402 , with 7 cases among the @entity1 of the hemodialysis center. The outbreak was due to the same strain, probably a common source and secondary transmission from @entity1 to @entity1 .

title: [An outbreak of @entity6402 XXXX in a hemodialysis unit, Cadiz, 2014].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Human', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity6402 :: ('292', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia cepacia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The majority of the research on @entity167 -related @entity146 has been conducted on @entity1 . This bias has persisted despite mounting evidence indicating gender differences in @entity146 . As such, the purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in @entity167 -related @entity146 . METHOD: Subjects were 64 @entity1 and 64 @entity1 who competed against either male or female fictitious opponents on a modified version of the @entity146 paradigm in which electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Aggression was operationalized as the intensity and duration of the shocks selected by the subjects. Subjects were assigned to either an @entity167 , a placebo or a sober group. RESULTS: @entity167 increased both shock intensity and duration in @entity1 ; however, it only increased shock duration in @entity1 . @entity1 behaved more aggressively toward @entity1 , whereas @entity1 displayed equal levels of @entity146 toward both genders. @entity167 expectancies did not appear to have an effect on aggressive behavior for either gender. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this investigation indicate that @entity167 differentially affects aggressive responding in @entity1 and @entity1 . It is suggested that @entity1 are likely to express @entity167 -related @entity146 in direct (shock intensity) and indirect (shock duration) forms, whereas @entity1 are most likely to use indirect forms (shock duration).

title: An investigation of gender differences in XXXX -related @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'Taylor aggression']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of simultaneous chemoradiotherapy is to increase local-regional control and to decrease the incidence of distant metastases. Regimens containing @entity900 / @entity1487 chemotherapy are widely accepted as standard treatment in advanced @entity135 . Most studies reported promising response and survival data, but also severe @entity137 . In recent years the newly developed drug @entity1311 demonstrated interesting activity in @entity135 as a single agent and as well in combination drug regimens. In the present outpatient phase-II trial we investigated the combination of @entity1311 / @entity3003 with 40 Gy radiotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting of operable Stage-III/IV squamous cell @entity1697 and oropharynx. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twelve @entity1 were enrolled in this ongoing trial with a projected number of 30 @entity1 and received 5 cycles of weekly @entity1311 (40 mg/m2) and @entity3003 (AUC 1.5) with conventional radiotherapy (40 Gy). Within 3 to 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy resection of the @entity5 and the regional neck nodes was performed. RESULTS: So far 12 @entity1 were evaluable for @entity137 and response. Complete response was noted in 8/12 @entity1 (CR 66%). In 6/10 @entity1 (60%) complete pathologic response was documented in the resection specimens. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results demonstrated excellent clinical and pathological response rates of concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 and radiotherapy as preoperative treatment modality in advanced oral and @entity5 .

title: [Simultaneous radiochemotherapy with XXXX / @entity3003 in advanced operable @entity135 . Preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'mucosal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['taxol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Erosion of bone with or without extension of disease into adjacent anatomic spaces is observed among some @entity1 with @entity56 ( @entity56 ). The objective of this report is to further define these findings as they relate to this disease. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 142 @entity1 with @entity56 diagnosed using the Bent-Kuhn criteria. All @entity1 were treated at a single institution. RESULTS: Approximately 20% of @entity1 with @entity56 demonstrated @entity79 on CT scan. The ethmoid sinus was the most commonly eroded site. The orbit and anterior cranial fossa were the most common adjacent anatomic spaces to exhibit disease extension. Sinus expansion, not the specific organism identified, was associated with the presence of @entity79 . Surgical management with endoscopic techniques was successful for all @entity1 without any major perioperative complications. CONCLUSION: Bone erosion can be related to AFR. Recognition of this possibility is important because @entity79 can be interpreted as an indication of invasive pathosis. In the presence of @entity79 or disease extension, endoscopic techniques can be used to surgically manage this disease.

title: Characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic fungal rhinosinusitis', 'AFRS']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['bony erosion in allergic fungal rhinosinusitis']


abstract: Prevalence of @entity164 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in @entity1 and adolescents has increased, parallelled to the increased prevalence of @entity28 around the world. The objectives of this study are (1) to identify the clinical presenting features of T2DM in Thai @entity1 and adolescents, and (2) to identify evidence of feature of @entity209 in these affected. We analyzed 26 T2DM @entity1 who were treated by Pediatric endocrinologists in our hospital. The study showed that their mean ages (+/- SD) at diagnosis was 12.1 +/- 2.3 years, all were @entity28 and 96% had acanthosis nigricans. Fifty three percents (53%) presented with clinical signs and symptoms which included DKA (19.2%), clinical triad of @entity2011 , @entity4683 and weight loss (15.4%), only @entity2011 , @entity4683 (11.5%) and abnormal menstruation (7%). The rest of 46.2% had no clinical symptoms. The initial fasting or random plasma @entity413 found above diagnostic range in 84.5%, the rest of 15.5% were diagnosed by using oral @entity413 tolerance test. @entity2299 was found in 75%. Fifteen percents had no family history. Eighty percents had three or more than three features of @entity209 . In conclusions, clinical picture of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Thai youth varied from asymptomatic to severe illness (DKA). Almost all had clinical features of @entity209 . @entity28 has become @entity3082 in our population. Such clinical picture should alert all pediatricians to be aware of chronic diseases and for making an early diagnosis and preventing long-term complications in the future.

title: Clinical pictures of @entity164 2 @entity6 in Thai @entity1 and adolescents is highly related to features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Childhood obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['Dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few studies to evaluate the effects of helical CT on @entity150 . This study was to evaluate the clinical applications of helical CT dynamic contrast-enhanced axial imaging, multiplanar reformation (MPR), three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and virtual cystoscopy (CTVC) in @entity150 . METHODS: The precontrast and four-phase postcontrast helical CT scans were performed in 42 @entity1 with @entity150 confirmed by conventional cystoscopy and pathology. MPR, 3D and CTVC images were generated from the volumetric data of the excretory phase. The results were then compared with the findings of conventional cystoscopy and surgery in a double-blinded mode. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the axial, 3D and CTVC images in detecting the @entity150 were 90.8%, 76.9% and 95.4% respectively. The dynamic contrast-enhanced axial images could provide excellent intramural and extravesical information, and the accuracy in preoperative @entity5 staging was 87.7%. MPR could directly demonstrate the origin and extravesical invasions of the @entity5 and their relation to the ureter. 3D and CTVC images were useful for displaying the surface morphology of the @entity5 and the relationship between the @entity5 and the ureteric orifices, whereas CTVC could depict the @entity5 smaller than 5 mm that were not seen on the axial images. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of axial, MPR, 3D and CTVC images with helical CT can provide comprehensive information on @entity150 .

title: XXXX : dynamic contrast-enhanced axial imaging, multiplanar reformation, three-dimensional reconstruction and virtual cystoscopy using helical CT.

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrational epigenetic marks are believed to play a major role in establishing the abnormal features of @entity5 cells. Rational use and development of drugs aimed at epigenetic processes requires an understanding of the range, extent, and roles of epigenetic reprogramming in @entity5 cells. Using ChIP-chip and MeDIP-chip approaches, we localized well-established and prevalent epigenetic marks (H3K27me3, H3K4me3, H3K9me3, DNA methylation) on a genome scale in several lines of @entity11 stem cells ( @entity1313 stem cells, BTSCs) and, for comparison, normal @entity1 fetal neural stem cells (fNSCs). RESULTS: We determined a substantial "core" set of promoters possessing each mark in every surveyed BTSC cell type, which largely overlapped the corresponding fNSC sets. However, there was substantial diversity among cell types in mark localization. We observed large differences among cell types in total number of H3K9me3+ positive promoters and peaks and in broad modifications (defined as >50 kb peak length) for H3K27me3 and, to a lesser extent, H3K9me3. We verified that a change in a broad modification affected gene expression of @entity61522 . We detected large numbers of bivalent promoters, but most bivalent promoters did not display direct overlap of contrasting epigenetic marks, but rather occupied nearby regions of the proximal promoter. There were significant differences in the sets of promoters bearing bivalent marks in the different cell types and few consistent differences between fNSCs and BTSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our "core set" data establishes sets of potential therapeutic targets, but the diversity in sets of sites and broad modifications among cell types underscores the need to carefully consider BTSC subtype variation in epigenetic therapy. Our results point toward substantial differences among cell types in the activity of the production/maintenance systems for H3K9me3 and for broad regions of modification (H3K27me3 or H3K9me3). Finally, the unexpected diversity in bivalent promoter sets among these multipotent cells indicates that bivalent promoters may play complex roles in the overall biology of these cells. These results provide key information for forming the basis for future rational drug therapy aimed at epigenetic processes in these cells.

title: Differences among XXXX stem cell types and fetal neural stem cells in focal regions of histone modifications and DNA methylation, broad regions of modifications, and bivalent promoters.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['putative glioma']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety of prostacyclin (PGI2) and @entity1792 ( @entity13685 ) anticoagulation were observed and compared during continuous haemodiafiltration. METHODS: Mechanically ventilated @entity1 received either the PGI2 analogue @entity4770 (group A, n = 17) in escalating doses of 4.5-10.0 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) in combination with heparin (6 IU.kg(-1).h(-1)) or 2.2% @entity13685 (group B, n = 15). Blood flow was set to match the circuit-filling volume per unit time equal to the intravascular half-life of PGI2. RESULTS: Median filter lifetimes were 26 h (interquartile range 16-37) in group A (39 filters) and 36.5 h (interquartile range 23-50) in group B (56 filters; p < 0.01). In group A, 4 @entity1 (23.5%, p < 0.05) had the dose reduced due to @entity551 . The final mean dose of PGI2 was 8.7 +/- 2.4 ng.kg(-1).min(-1). Four @entity1 in group A (23.5%, p < 0.05) were switched to @entity13685 due to a decrease in platelet count. No @entity548 episodes, decrease in platelet count or adverse haemodynamic effects were encountered in group B. The cost of @entity4770 plus low dose heparin (EUR 204.73 +/- 53.04) was significantly higher than the cost of @entity13685 -based anticoagulation (EUR 93.92 +/- 45.2, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity13685 offers longer filter survival, has no impact on platelet count and is less expensive. Increasing the dose of PGI2 up to the average of 8.7 ng.kg(-1).min(-1) did not increase the haemodynamic side effects.

title: @entity4770 versus @entity1792 in continuous haemodiafiltration: an observational study in XXXX with high risk of @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['epoprostenol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The neointimal tissue characteristics inside @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) were evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) according to follow-up duration. One hundred and thirty-three Optical coherence tomography was performed in 96 @entity1 with 143 SES which were retrospectively included and divided into 2 groups according to follow-up duration: Group 1, <24 months (98 stents in 71 @entity1 ); Group 2, >24 months (35 stents in 25 @entity1 ). The neointimal tissue coverage pattern and characteristics were studied using a new OCT analysis system which can quantitatively analyze tissue property by measuring attenuation, backscatter and signal intensity in the region of interest. Using these parameters, a multivariable logistic regression model was constructed to divide @entity8233 into homogenous or heterogeneous type. We defined homogeneous nointima as neointimal tissue having uniform optical properties and does not showing focal variations in backscattering pattern and heterogeneous @entity8233 as neointimal tissue with focally changing optical properties and showing various backscattering patterns. The average time between stent implantation and follow-up OCT imaging was 1.2 years in Group 1 and 3.2 years in Group 2. The number of @entity8233 covered cross-sections, neointimal thickness, and neointimal area increased significantly with the length of follow-up duration after SES implantation (P < 0.01). The incidence of heterogeneous @entity8233 was higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P < 0.01). @entity8233 was associated with higher incidence of microvessels (P = 0.0023) and lipid rich plaque (P = 0.0015) compared with homogeneous @entity8233 . The neointimal tissue characteristics may change over time after SES implantation. The incidence of heterogeneous pattern was higher in the SES group with longer follow-up duration. Microvessels and lipid rich plaques were more frequently observed in @entity8233 with heterogeneous pattern. Neointimal heterogeneity could be an important factor for the late stability of SES.

title: Neointimal tissue characteristics following XXXX -eluting stent implantation: OCT quantitative tissue property analysis.

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima', 'Heterogeneous neointima']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: @entity302 currently affects more than 400,000 @entity1 in the United Kingdom and 2.3 million in the United States. Drug therapy is the mainstay of treatment for @entity1 with @entity302 , but therapies vary widely in their mechanism of action and acquisition cost. This article describes a decision model developed for the National Institute for Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom. It compares the long-term cost-effectiveness of drugs licensed in adults for use in 3 situations: monotherapy for newly diagnosed @entity1 , monotherapy for refractory @entity1 , and combination therapy for refractory @entity1 . The analysis separately considers the treatment of partial and generalized @entity410 . The full range of pharmaceutical therapies feasibly used in the UK health system was included in the analysis. The analysis showed that, on the basis of existing evidence, for newly diagnosed @entity1 with partial @entity410 , @entity2049 and @entity1092 are likely to be the most cost-effective mono-therapies. @entity2049 is likely to be the most cost-effective 2nd-line monotherapy for refractory @entity1 , and @entity2051 would probably be the most cost-effective adjunctive therapy for refractory @entity1 if the willingness to pay for additional health benefits is greater than 18,000 pounds per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). For @entity1 with generalized @entity410 , valproate is most likely to be cost-effective for newly diagnosed @entity1 . For refractory @entity1 , adjunctive @entity1771 is more cost-effective than monotherapy alone if the willingness to pay for additional health benefits is greater than 35,000 pounds per QALY. There is, however, considerable uncertainty regarding these results. Some of the methodological features of the study will be of value in designing cost-effectiveness analyses of other therapies for chronic conditions. These include the methods used to deal with the absence of head-to-head trial data and the need to reflect time dependency in Markov transition probabilities.

title: Assessing the cost-effectiveness of new pharmaceuticals in XXXX in adults: the results of a probabilistic decision model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The use of an artificial neural network system was studied in the diagnosis of acute @entity490 , especially @entity697 , with @entity1 from Finland and Germany. Separate Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) neural networks were trained with a training set from each database and also with a combined database. Each neural network was evaluated separately with a test set of cases from each database. With the combined database different neighborhood methods were compared to find the optimal choice for this decision-making problem. The @entity697 cases of the Finnish test data set were classified well with all the networks, but the cases of the German test set were difficult to classify for the Finnish network. The use of larger neighborhoods increased the sensitivity of the classification by nearly 10%. The differences in the results of the Finnish and German databases suggest that there are differences in the data collection or @entity1 populations between centers. Therefore, care must be taken when using decision-support systems which have been developed in other centers. Neural networks offer a method to evaluate differences between databases. With the use of larger neighborhoods, the effects of the differences on the accuracy of the classification can be partly diminished.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX in two databases. Evaluation of different neighborhoods with an LVQ neural network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: A young @entity1 20 years old was referred to the Institute with @entity4924 . He had experienced palpitations since the age of eight. Those episodes occurred several times a year. During the electrophysiologic study a regular antidromic reciprocating @entity591 was induced using a right atriofascicular connection (Mahaim). The atrial insertion of the Mahaim fibers was in the right posterolateral atrium. Also another orthodromic @entity4710 was induced with anterograde conduction over atrioventricular node and retrograde conduction over to canceled atrioventricular right posteroseptal bypass tract (Kent). During surgery to repair @entity4924 we decided to perform radiofrequency catheter ablation of both Mahaim and Kent fibers at the tricuspid annulus in the posteroseptal and lateral regions, eliminating accessory pathways conduction. There were no complications during the procedure. The @entity591 has not recur in a six months period of follow up. No antiarrhythmic drugs has been given.

title: [The radiofrequency ablation of Mahaim and Kent fibers during the repair of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ['Ebstein anomaly']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although beef @entity566 has long been considered a rare condition, the number of studies regarding the nature, epidemiology, and symptoms of beef @entity566 has been increasing. We aimed to describe the results of @entity566 work-up of 12 @entity1 who have a convincing history of @entity56 following beef ingestion. METHODS: Detailed histories of 10 @entity1 and two adult relatives were obtained and @entity1 underwent skin prick tests with commercial beef extract, raw beef and cooked beef. Serum total and beef-specific IgE were measured. Labial, and in selected cases, open food challenges were undertaken. RESULTS: Interestingly, the rate of family history of beef @entity566 was 67% (8/12). Three @entity1 (two with commercial extract, and one with cooked beef) had positive skin test responses to beef. Ten (83%) @entity1 had elevated serum IgE concentrations (median 316.5 kU/l, range 9-1321 kU/l) and the beef-specific IgE was positive in all @entity1 (median 6.23 kUA/l, range 0.83-36.6 kUA/l). Labial food challenge was positive in four (30%) @entity1 . Of the five @entity1 who underwent open food challenges, three were positive and two tolerated the beef administered. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that skin prick tests do not accurately diagnose IgE-mediated sensitization to beef. Thus, @entity1 with suspected beef @entity566 should be screened additionally for beef-specific IgE antibodies, and in selected cases oral food challenge should be carried out to verify the diagnosis.

title: Beef XXXX : a review of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['acute allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Capsular @entity1159 remains one of the most commonly reported complications in aesthetic and reconstructive breast @entity1 . Previous in vitro studies from the authors' laboratory have recommended a new triple antibiotic @entity4279 irrigation (2000) and subsequently a triple antibiotic non- @entity4280 - @entity1496 -containing irrigant (2001) to optimize broad-spectrum coverage of various bacteria implicated in capsular @entity1159 ; however, the clinical efficacy of these in vitro studies remains unproven. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy for the previously reported triple antibiotic breast irrigation. The cost-effectiveness of universal application of irrigation solutions in breast prosthesis surgery was analyzed as well. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing aesthetic and reconstructive breast implant procedures were treated with a standardized operative technique, including the use of triple antibiotic breast irrigation by a single surgeon. Capsular @entity1159 was assessed using a simplified Baker scale and graded by two independent caregivers to maximize objectivity and consistency. Additional complications were also recorded, including reoperation. @entity1 charges for antibiotic irrigation and reoperation for @entity1159 were determined and compared. RESULTS: A total of 335 @entity1 operated on since 1997 were evaluated prospectively. They ranged in age from 18 to 86 years, and the mean follow-up was 14 months (range, 6 to 75 months). The rate of grade III/IV capsular @entity1159 in the study groups was 1.8 percent for @entity1 undergoing primary breast augmentation. @entity1 undergoing augmentation-mastopexy had a grade III/IV @entity1159 rate of 0 percent. Breast reconstruction @entity1 had a 9.5 percent rate of grade III/IV @entity1159 . CONCLUSIONS: Triple antibiotic breast irrigation is clinically associated with a low incidence of capsular @entity1159 compared with other published reports, and its clinical efficacy supports previously published in vitro studies. Application of triple antibiotic irrigation is recommended for all aesthetic and reconstructive breast procedures and is cost effective.

title: Enhancing XXXX outcomes in aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery using triple antibiotic breast irrigation: six-year prospective clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone']

entities_list: @entity4279 :: ('MESH:D011206', 'Chemical') :: ['povidone-iodine']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In ischaemic hearts, endothelin (ET) levels are increased, and vasoconstrictor responses to @entity1827 are greatly enhanced. We previously reported that @entity10932 receptors are up-regulated in the smooth muscle layer of coronary arteries after @entity296 -reperfusion and that the MEK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is involved in @entity10932 receptor up-regulation. Whether ETs are directly involved in receptor regulation has not been determined. We suggest that @entity20929 alter the expression/activity of ET receptors in coronary vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasoconstrictor responses were studied in endothelium-denuded coronary artery segments from @entity35 that were subjected to experimental ischaemia-reperfusion or in organ-cultured segments. Post-ischaemic and cultured coronary arteries exhibited similar increased sensitivity to @entity1826 . @entity11081 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction was dominant in fresh and non-ischaemic arteries. Organ culture significantly up-regulated @entity10932 receptors and down-regulated @entity11081 receptor expression. Co-incubation with @entity1827 (1 nM) or @entity1826 (100 nM) induced further down-regulation of the @entity11081 receptor mRNA, while the function and protein level of @entity11081 remained unchanged. @entity1826 (100 nM) further up-regulated @entity10932 receptor mRNA and proteins but abolished @entity10932 receptor-mediated vasoconstriction, suggesting a desensitization of @entity10932 receptors that was not observed with @entity1826 (1 nM). In conclusion, @entity1827 , which is the most prevalent isoform in the cardiovascular system, induces down-regulation of @entity11081 receptor expression without changing @entity11081 function or protein levels. Intermediate concentrations of @entity1826 had an effect that was similar to that of @entity1827 , such that high concentrations of @entity1826 (100 nM) up-regulated the @entity10932 receptor at the gene and protein levels but switched off the function of the @entity10932 receptors via desensitization.

title: @entity1827 and @entity1826 Regulate Endothelin Receptor Expression in XXXX Coronary Arteries.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischaemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Neck dissection has a therapeutical as well as a prognostic relevance with respect to regional recurrence and distant metastases. Between January 1973 and July 1986 576 neck dissections in 511 @entity1 (396 @entity1 , 115 @entity1 , among whom 486 with @entity957 of the @entity135 , and 14 with neck metastases of an unknown @entity5 ) were performed at the department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of the Free University Hospital, Amsterdam. @entity1 with @entity5 at the margins were excluded. Recurrence-free curves were calculated according to Kaplan-Meier and the log rank test was used to test the differences. All @entity1 underwent a comprehensive neck dissection and were irradiated postoperatively when three or more @entity5 -positive nodes or extranodal spread were reported by the pathologist. Endpoint for analysis was occurrence of an ipsilateral neck recurrence or of a distant @entity3 . Figures were corrected for a simultaneous recurrence at a higher level. A total of 29 neck recurrences (7.2%; n = 523) and 26 distant metastases (10.7%; n = 281) were demonstrated in the 5-year follow-up period. The number of positive nodes was of prognostic significance for both events (p = 0.039 and p = 0.0027). Extranodal spread was shown only to increase the incidence of distant metastases (p = 0.017), whereas its prognostic value with regard to recurrence in the neck was nullified by the strict institution of postoperative radiotherapy. It is recommended to give radiotherapy to @entity1 with two positive nodes and possibly to every @entity1 with a histopathologically positive neck.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Neck lymph node dissection in XXXX originating in the head-and-neck area; the significance for the prognosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'primary tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Smooth muscle antibodies and antinuclear antibodies characterize type 1 autoimmune @entity99 . Our aim was to correlate the appearance and disappearance of these autoantibodies with clinical and histological events. METHODS: One hundred and seven @entity1 were evaluated successively over 128+/-9 months. Autoantibodies were determined by indirect immunofluorescence during routine follow-up and at key clinical events. RESULTS: Eighty-one @entity1 (76%) lost one or both of the autoantibodies, and disappearance was associated with improved laboratory and histological features. Autoantibody status, however, was not highly predictive of laboratory (69%) or histological activity (72%). @entity1 who relapsed were seronegative at the time of drug withdrawal as commonly as @entity1 who sustained remission (29% versus 25%). Only 27 @entity1 (25%) lost their autoantibodies long term. @entity1 who eventually entered a sustained remission lost their autoantibodies more commonly than those who required retreatment (76% versus 43%, p=0.03). Disappearance of the autoantibodies, however, preceded sustained remission in only 38%. Serum titers at presentation did not distinguish @entity1 with more severe disease or different treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Smooth muscle antibodies and antinuclear antibodies commonly disappear and reappear. Their loss is associated with improved laboratory tests and biopsy findings, but disappearance does not predict treatment outcome. Autoantibody titer at presentation and autoantibody behavior during therapy are not accurate indices of disease severity or prognosis.

title: Behavior and significance of autoantibodies in type 1 autoimmune XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatitis']


abstract: The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a circadian oscillator that receives a dense serotonergic innervation from the median raphe nucleus. @entity750 ( @entity750 ) modulates the effects of light on circadian behavior by acting on @entity36767 receptors on retinohypothalamic (RHT) terminals in the SCN. Activation of @entity36767 presynaptic receptors on RHT terminals inhibits @entity2227 release. However, @entity36767 knockout ( @entity36767 KO) @entity19 have attenuated behavioral responses to light [P.J. Sollars, M.D. Ogilvie, A.M. Simpson, G.E. Pickard, Photic entrainment is altered in the @entity36767 knockout @entity19 , J. Biol. Rhythms 21 (2006) 21-32]. To assess the cellular response of the @entity36767 KO SCN to light, light-induced @entity9830 expression was analyzed in @entity36767 KO and @entity164 ( @entity164 ) @entity19 . In addition, the distribution of @entity14995 containing retinal @entity4494 cells that contribute the majority of axons to the RHT was examined in @entity36767 KO @entity19 and compared to that of @entity164 @entity19 . Light-induced @entity9830 expression in the SCN was reduced in @entity36767 KO @entity19 compared to @entity164 @entity19 at circadian time (CT) 16 and CT 23 in a manner similar to the reduction previously described in light-induced behavioral phase shifts. The number of melanopsin retinal @entity4494 cells was similar in @entity164 and @entity36767 KO @entity19 . These data taken together with previous data suggest that functional removal of the @entity36767 results in reduced functional light input to the SCN.

title: Light-induced @entity9830 expression is attenuated in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of XXXX 1B receptor knockout @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity14995 :: ('MESH:C110257', 'Chemical') :: ['melanopsin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: A series of experiments on the early pathogenesis of @entity10803 was conducted according to a uniform scheme. In each experiment, there was a single variable-age, genetic strain, or virus strain. Virus assays from spleen, buffy coat, and bone marrow, and fluorescent antibody tests on spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and thymus were conducted on five birds per group daily from the 3rd through the 10th day postinoculation. From these data, it was apparent that the response could be divided into two periods: 4 to 6 days = early; 8 to 10 days = late. Serological tests showed all groups except the 1-day-old group to have neutralizing antibody by the end of the 10-day period. With few exceptions, none of the variables tested exerted any appreciable influence on the level of virus growth in spleen, bursa, or thymus during the early period. High levels of @entity281 occurred in all birds during that period. Changes in @entity281 pattern which occurred during the late period were significant and could be correlated with occurrence of @entity10803 in test samples of birds held until 7 weeks after @entity281 . Infectivity levels dropped appreciably in the case of resistant N-line birds given JM virus, and, during the late period, @entity281 levels were significantly higher in GA-infected birds than in those given viruses of lower virulence. Whereas the virus titers during the 8- to 10-day period usually reflected the eventual clinical pattern of @entity10803 , the levels of viral antigen (fluorescent antibody tests) were much less consistent. One further experiment conducted by the same uniform scheme demonstrated no significant effects on early pathogenesis or course of @entity10803 in birds given continuous oral medication with @entity59816 .

title: Comparative effects of host and viral factors on early pathogenesis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity10803 :: ('MESH:D008380', 'Disease') :: ["Marek's disease"]

entities_list: @entity59816 :: ('MESH:C006564', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-ureido-sulfone']

answer: @entity10803 :: (MESH:D008380,Disease) :: ['Marek's disease']


abstract: We wanted to assess whether intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) decreases disease activity on MRI in relapsing @entity15 . Previous trials of IVIG in relapsing-remitting @entity15 demonstrated a reduction of acute relapses, but these studies did not include MRI. We treated 26 @entity1 in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study of IVIG 1 g/kg daily or placebo on 2 consecutive days every month during two 6-month treatment periods. The primary end point was the number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions on monthly serial MRI. Secondary efficacy variables were the occurrence of exacerbations, clinical neurologic ratings, total @entity15 lesion load on T2-weighted MRI, and multimodal evoked potentials. Eighteen @entity1 completed the entire trial; eight @entity1 did not. Twenty-one @entity1 completed the first treatment period and at least two MRI examinations in the second treatment period and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. On serial MRI, we observed fewer enhancing lesions per @entity1 per scan during IVIG treatment (median, 0.4; range, 0 to 9.3) than during placebo treatment (median, 1.3; range, 0.2 to 25.7; p = 0.03). During IVIG treatment, 15 @entity1 were exacerbation free compared with only 7 on placebo (p = 0.02). The total number of exacerbations in the IVIG period was 11 and in the placebo period, 19 (not significant). None of the remaining secondary efficacy measures were significantly different between the two treatment periods. The number of adverse events, in particular @entity484 , was significantly higher during IVIG therapy than during placebo treatment. These results suggest that IVIG treatment is beneficial to @entity1 with relapsing @entity15 .

title: Intravenous immunoglobulin G reduces MRI activity in relapsing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: It was shown that @entity4309 can be caused by germline hypermethylation of the @entity6756 and @entity4311 promoters. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated very recently that germline deletions of the 3' region of @entity5960 cause transcriptional read-through which results in silencing of @entity4311 by hypermethylation. We wanted to determine the prevalence of germline @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation and of germline and somatic @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation in a large group of @entity4309 -suspected @entity1 . From a group of 331 Lynch Syndrome-suspected @entity1 we selected cases, who had no germline @entity6756 , @entity4311 , or @entity4638 mutation and whose @entity5 showed loss of @entity6756 or @entity4311 , or, if staining was unavailable, had a @entity5 with microsatellite instability. Methylation assays were performed to test these @entity1 for germline @entity6756 and/or @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation. Two @entity1 with germline @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation and no @entity1 with germline @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation were identified. In the subgroup screened for germline @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation, we identified 3 @entity1 with somatic @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation in their @entity5 , which was caused by a germline @entity5960 deletion. In the group of 331 Lynch Syndrome-suspected @entity1 , the frequencies of germline @entity6756 promoter hypermethylation and somatic @entity4311 promoter hypermethylation caused by germline @entity5960 deletions are 0.6 and 0.9%, respectively. These mutations, therefore, seem to be rather infrequent. However, the contribution of germline @entity6756 hypermethylation and @entity5960 deletions to the genetically proven @entity4309 cases in this cohort is very high. Previously 27 pathogenic mutations were identified; the newly identified mutations now represent 16% of all mutations.

title: Germline hypermethylation of @entity6756 and XXXX deletions are a frequent cause of @entity4309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5960 :: (4072,Gene) :: ['EPCAM']


abstract: An Hologic QDR 1000-W dual energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) was used to make a densitometric evaluation and to optimize ex vivo scanning and analysis conditions for excised @entity742 bones. Articulated lumbar spines and femora, removed at autopsy from eight 1-2-year-old cross-bred merino ewes, were studied using standard lumbar spine and hip protocols (version 4.20). Spine data were analysed with the ultra-high resolution (UHR) protocol (version 4.25). Preliminary hip measurements also were made using the lumbar spine (version 4.20) and @entity1635 protocols (version 4.25). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) precision for the total hip (n = 5) was 0.4% using version 4.20, and 0.8% using the @entity1635 protocol (version 4.25) but was 1.2-3.4% for femoral sub-regions. Precision for the lumbar spine was 0.8% (version 4.20). There was considerable variation in @entity79 and bone mineral content (BMC) at the same site between animals. Right and left hip @entity79 were highly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.00001). Measurement variables evaluated to determine the optimal conditions included: Hologic scanning protocols, depth of water immersion of bone and dimensions of the region of interest. Accuracy was determined by ashing. Use of the @entity1635 protocol (version 4.25) gave the best results for proximal femur measurement. Measured BMC decreased by 4.4% as the water depth increased from 0 to 22.5 cm. At 5 cm water, BMC accuracy was 99% for the total hip, and @entity79 precision values (n = 3) were 0.3% (total hip) and 0.4% (femoral neck, trochanteric region and femoral shaft). The much-improved precision was attributed to use of a positioning device and to optimizing of the depth of water immersion. Rib segments (length 2.5 cm) were measured using the ultra-high resolution protocol (version 4.25). BMC accuracy determined using 6 ribs was best (100 +/- 2%) at 5 cm water. @entity79 precision (n = 5) was best (0.3%) at 0 cm water depth and was 0.5% at 4.5 cm water depth. Rib sample BMC (n = 15, 4.5 cm water depth) and ash weight were highly correlated (r = 0.985, P < 0.001). It is concluded that highly precise, accurate densitometry can be performed on excised small and large @entity742 bones. This technique will support studies evaluating the @entity742 as an animal model of @entity1 @entity170 .

title: Precise accurate mineral measurements of excised XXXX bones using X-ray densitometry.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: This is a case of a 29-year-old female. She visited our hospital with the chief complaint of swelling of the legs and abdominal bloating at the 10th week of pregnancy. @entity1144 were observed in the lower extremities. Hematological and biochemical tests revealed @entity1371 . Gynecologically, she was normal. Elevated blood @entity701 levels were identified on the hormonal tests, which suggested the existence of @entity699 . Ultrasound revealed the presence of a @entity5 in the left adrenal gland, and she was referred to our department for surgery. On September 13, 1994, left adrenalectomy was performed in a right lateral position under inhalation anesthesia and epidural anesthesia. Adjuvand @entity134 therapy was initiated during surgery and the blood @entity701 levels were normalized within 2 months. She delivered a baby @entity1 weighing 2,722 g at the 40th week of pregnancy via a normal transvaginal delivery. Pregnancy rarely occurs in @entity1 with @entity699 . We think she was the first case in Japan who had normal 40th week transvaginal delivery after adrenalectomy during pregnancy. We present a description of our case here with reference to the relevant literature.

title: [Normal term delivery after adrenalectomy for XXXX in a pregnant @entity1 --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Edema and central obesity']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is widely accepted that all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) can be dangerous to operators. Understanding the mechanisms of @entity11254 crashes, especially rollovers, can provide important insight to consumers, legislators, and manufacturers on @entity11254 safety and protection of the users. METHODS: From @entity3490 , 2003 to July 31, 2005, all @entity1 with @entity11254 -related injuries presenting to a regional @entity130 center were enrolled in an @entity11254 crash data bank. Data were collected on the @entity1 and the circumstances surrounding each crash. RESULTS: A total of 193 @entity1 were treated during the study period for @entity11254 -related injuries. Among the 190 nonfatally injured @entity1 , almost half (47%) were diagnosed with a @entity542 . In 63% of crashes the @entity11254 rolled over. The direction of the rollover was strongly associated with the type of riding terrain or slope. ATVs traveling on flat or uneven surfaces were strongly associated with @entity712 (odds ratio [OR] = 32.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.6-221.5). ATVs traveling uphill were strongly associated with backward rollovers (OR = 173.6, 95% CI = 27.2-1,497.0). @entity1 had a significantly greater risk compared with adults of @entity712 on flat and uneven surfaces (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.2-17.5) Adults were more likely to be injured in rollover crashes where the @entity11254 was traveling uphill; in all of these cases the vehicle rolled backwards. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that nonrandom, modifiable factors are likely involved. Our data provide unique insight into specific mechanisms of @entity11254 crashes, particularly rollovers, and those involving @entity1 . Findings may be applicable to changes in @entity11254 design and education of users.

title: All-terrain vehicle crash factors and associated injuries in XXXX presenting to a regional @entity130 center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-side rollovers']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Epidermal keratinocytes have important immunologic functions, which is apparent during wound healing, in @entity1569 , and in @entity56 and inflammatory reactions. In these processes, keratinocytes not only produce cytokines and growth factors that attract and affect lymphocytes but also respond to the polypeptide factors produced by the lymphocytes. Gamma interferon ( @entity379 ) is one such signaling polypeptide. Its primary molecular effect is activation of specific transcription factors that regulate gene expression in target cells. In this work, we present a molecular mechanism of lymphocyte-keratinocyte signaling in the epidermis. We have induced @entity56 reactions that are associated with an accumulation of lymphocytes. These resulted in activation and nuclear translocation of @entity6897 , the @entity379 -activated transcription factor, in keratinocytes in vivo and subsequent induction of transcription of keratin @entity9531 . Within the promoter of the @entity9531 keratin gene, we have identified and characterized a site that confers the responsiveness to @entity379 and that binds the transcription factor @entity6897 . Other keratin gene promoters tested were not induced by @entity379 . These results characterize at the molecular level a signaling pathway produced by the infiltration of lymphocytes in skin and resulting in the specific alteration of gene expression in keratinocytes.

title: Disease-activated transcription factor: XXXX reactions in human skin cause nuclear translocation of @entity6897 and induce synthesis of keratin @entity9531 .

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determine whether complete opacification of the @entity50 is associated with increased clinical severity of @entity102 ( @entity102 ). METHODS: Adult @entity1 undergoing evaluation for @entity102 prospectively completed the @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) and underwent computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. A cohort with at least one completely opacified frontal sinus was identified. To each @entity1 in this opacified cohort, a control @entity1 without @entity50 was matched with corresponding Lund score. Symptom scores for @entity10 , facial pressure, @entity1109 symptom domains, and medical resource consumption were statistically compared. Similar analysis was conducted for @entity1 with complete @entity18184 sinus opacification. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity1 with at least one completely opacified frontal sinus were matched for Lund score to the control group (mean Lund score 17.1). There was no statistically significant difference in @entity10 (2.1 vs. 2.8) or pressure scores (2.0 vs. 2.3) or in the @entity1109 symptom domains between those @entity1 with completely opacified frontal sinuses and controls, respectively. Although completely opacified @entity1 received more antibiotic treatment and missed more workdays, only the increased numbers of physicians visits (4.0 vs. 2.1, P = .02) was significant. Thirty-four of 35 completely opacified @entity18184 @entity1 were matched to control @entity1 (mean Lund score 16.7). Again, differences in symptom scores for @entity10 (2.5 vs. 2.5), facial pressure (2.3 vs. 2.3), and @entity1109 symptom domains were not statistically significant. Increased use of antibiotics (9.6 vs. 3.9, P = .036) and physician visits (5.8 vs. 1.8, P = .024) for @entity18184 opacification @entity1 was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with a completely opacified @entity50 do not necessarily manifest more severe clinical symptoms of @entity102 . Thus, a higher radiographic stage should not be automatically assigned to @entity1 with a completely opacified @entity50 in @entity102 .

title: The completely opacified frontal or @entity18184 sinus: a marker of more severe disease in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['rhinosinusitis symptom inventory', 'RSI']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis', 'CRS']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sphenoid or frontal sinus', 'complete frontal sinus opacification', 'sphenoid of frontal sinus']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic rhinosinusitis']