abstract: BACKGROUND: Death after withdrawal of mechanical ventilation frequently follows the sequence of progressive @entity519 and @entity551 leading to @entity1167 . Accurate timing of the determination of @entity204 is fundamental to trust in controlled donation after circulatory @entity204 (cDCD) programs and is generally based on cessation of circulation ( @entity12040 ), brain function ( @entity386 ), and the passage of time. If @entity204 is understood to be the unresuscitatable loss of brain function, the clinical determination that @entity204 following @entity386 and @entity12040 has occurred is largely inferential. We sought to elucidate the relationship between the available clinical variables and the loss of brain function and its inability to be resuscitated. METHODS: We developed a @entity35 model of progressive @entity519 resulting in @entity386 and @entity1457 . We monitored clinical physiological variables including heart rate, respiration, and arterial pulse pressure. In addition, we simultaneously monitored spontaneous and evoked brain activity within the hippocampus through microelectrode field potential recordings. We also examined neurological function following restoration of pulmonary and circulatory function. RESULTS: Our data provide evidence that in a model of progressive @entity519 , loss of spontaneous and evoked brain activity preceded the loss of circulation. Importantly, the data suggest that the loss of brain function, in the presence of restored cardiopulmonary indices, occurred at a time point after @entity386 but before the loss of detectable arterial pulse pressure. CONCLUSIONS: These are important data that act as a conceptual reference point when clinicians undertake the inferential activity of identifying the time prior to which a @entity1 has died following progressive @entity519 and while observing @entity386 and @entity12040 .

title: Relating Clinical and Electrophysiological Parameters in Death Determination in a Laboratory Model of Progressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory failure']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['pulselessness']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-term medical management of @entity302 drop attacks is usually unsatisfactory and more effective antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens are needed. The present study aimed at providing proof of concept that previously refractory @entity302 drop attacks could be significantly and safely controlled by the specific combination of @entity1092 , @entity2812 , and a @entity1245 . METHODS: An open label trial providing class IV evidence of efficacy, including 32 @entity1 with cryptogenic/symptomatic, generalized or multifocal @entity302 , and refractory drop attacks. Following baseline, the combination under study was introduced and @entity1 followed for 12 months. Frequency of drop attacks was compared at 3-month intervals with that during baseline and correlated with clinical, electroencephalography (EEG), and imaging variables. A list of putative side effects was read to @entity1 and caregivers at each visit. KEY FINDINGS: Four @entity1 were excluded, one due to a @entity6715 ( @entity6715 ). Median number of drop attacks decreased 96% between baseline and the fourth trimester of the study (from 50 to 2; p<0,001). Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed that 15 @entity1 (47%) had complete control, 7 (21%) had a 75% and 5 (15%) had a 50-74% reduction in the frequency of falls in the fourth trimester. Twenty-two @entity1 (68%) had side effects, but except for the three excluded because of @entity1910 , caregivers did not consider discontinuation. Mean final dose of @entity1092 was 35.9 mg/kg/day and that of @entity2812 4.9 mg/kg/day. Twenty @entity1 used clobazam, eight @entity11672 , and the other four @entity2053 as the elected @entity1245 . Outcome did not correlate with clinical, EEG, and imaging variables. SIGNIFICANCE: This open label study suggests that the combination of @entity1092 , @entity2812 , and a @entity1245 can markedly reduce the frequency of @entity302 drop attacks in @entity1 with generalized or multifocal @entity302 . Careful clinical monitoring for early signs of @entity6715 is needed.

title: Long-term control of @entity302 drop attacks with the combination of XXXX , @entity2812 , and a @entity1245 : a 'proof of concept,' open label study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6715 :: ('MESH:D013262', 'Disease') :: ['SJS', 'Stevens-Johnson syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['early rash']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity11672 :: ('MESH:D009567', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsies', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproate']


abstract: Explorative laparotomy and palliative surgery keep on having the leadership, in the treatment of exocrine @entity5 of the pancreas, in spite of important diagnostic and surgery progress. The authors have looked at international literature and their own experience, to simplify the choice of better treatment for each @entity1 . They compared the reliability of various diagnostic technologies and different surgery options. @entity3 and lymphatic invasion are limiting factors for surgery; the first lymphatic stage and duodenum fixation still consent curative surgery. Biliary decompression through external catheter or transpapillary endoscopic prosthesis has a primary role in the diagnostic therapeutic decision. The authors preferred to reserve gastro-jejunostomy to @entity1 with @entity19639 . They choose an anterior trans-mesocolic gastro-jejunostomy with Roux-en-y reconstruction, with an upper bilio-enteroanastomosis. @entity158 relief is one of the most important @entity788 : anaesthetic and surgery techniques lead to good and long-standing results. Explorative laparotomy is often the only technique that leads to the final decision about a therapeutic plan, because it shows size, location and characteristic of the @entity5 and his metastasis in lymphatic and anatomic structures. The integration of metasurgery therapy (chemo-, radio-, hormono ...) allows, together with @entity158 treatment, to improve the results above all the quality of life in @entity788 .

title: [The criteria of choice in the palliative therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ["goal in pancreas' cancer", 'carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity19639 :: ('MESH:D004379', 'Disease') :: ['duodenum obstruction']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['cancer of the pancreas']


abstract: This review describes the neuropathology and pathophysiology of interneurons in dorsal hippocampus of the adult @entity35 subjected to transient @entity2806 . The object is to verify if the interneurons die or survive after an @entity63 insult, and study if @entity63 changes @entity1246 inhibition in the period preceding delayed @entity1249 pyramidal cell death. The findings are discussed from the point of the hypothesis that loss of @entity1246 inhibition may result in excitatory @entity2915 (possibly @entity302 ) and excitotoxic @entity2227 release. Thereby, early @entity2806 to interneurons may exacerbate the @entity63 process resulting in the major and delayed @entity1249 cell death in hippocampus. Interneurons, located in dentate hilus, and a small number of interneurons located in the mossy fiber layer are selectively lost after @entity63 . These interneurons contain @entity1943 and @entity10969 , but the inhibitory or excitatory nature of them is unknown. However, counts of all hippocampal cells immunoreactive for @entity367 decarboxylase showed that the @entity1246 interneurons survive @entity63 . It is therefore suggested that the vulnerable interneurons in hilus and the mossy fiber layer do not contain @entity1246 . As the @entity1246 interneurons, other hippocampal interneurons also survive @entity63 . Among these, the @entity1249 and @entity1251 interneurons containing @entity10969 demonstrate permanently reduced immunoreactivity for @entity10969 , evident 1-2 days after @entity63 . Another subpopulation transiently shows a decrease in immunoreactivity for parvalbumin approximately 4 days after @entity63 . These results are in contrast to the finding that protein synthesis in hippocampal interneurons returns to preischemic levels 9 hours after @entity63 . The integrity between excitation and inhibition in @entity1249 is unchanged in hippocampal slices taken from animals 1-2 days after @entity63 . Furthermore, @entity1246 can readily be released upon @entity972 stimulation in the period preceding @entity1249 pyramidal cell death. Binding to hippocampal @entity1245 sites, however, declines prior to @entity63 @entity1249 pyramidal cell death. It is demonstrated that administration of @entity3175 and @entity1246 uptake inhibitors during this period offers postischemic neuron protection in @entity1249 . There is no conclusive evidence of excitatory @entity2915 preceding @entity63 @entity1249 pyramidal cell death. On the contrary, results from Chang et al. (1) suggest that @entity63 loss of interneurons in the dentate hilus is associated with an increase in inhibition. However, it is suggested that @entity1246 inhibition is insufficient to counterbalance the detrimental process during normal or even reduced postischemic excitation, since drugs believed to increase @entity1246 inhibition reduce @entity63 cell death. The early and permanent reduction in @entity10969 immunoreactivity may reflect a reduced capacity of these interneurons to release @entity10969 and thereby reduce presynaptic @entity2227 release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Interneurons in XXXX hippocampus after @entity2806 . Morphometric, functional, and therapeutic investigations.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['global cerebral ischemia', 'ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The question of whether lymphatic permeation in @entity189 is an index of prognosis remains controversial. METHODS: A long term prospective study of lymphatic permeation of 288 @entity189 was performed. The degree of lymphatic permeation was divided into four stages (Ly0 through @entity10665 ). The median follow-up for the surviving @entity1 was 84 months (range, 23 to 151 months). RESULTS: In @entity1 with UICC Stage I or II disease, there was no correlation between the Ly0 and Ly1-3 groups' recurrence or survival rates. In @entity1 with @entity5 , the rate of postoperative recurrence was significantly higher in the Ly1 or Ly2 + @entity10665 groups compared with the Ly0 group. The 10-year survival and disease free survival rates in @entity1 with @entity5 were both 90.0% in the Ly0 group, 63.6% and 62.5% in the Ly1 group, and 52.0% and 45.5% in the Ly2 + @entity10665 groups, respectively. A significant difference was noted in the survival rates between the Ly0 and Ly2 + @entity10665 groups (P < 0.05), and was noted in the disease free survival rates between the Ly0 and Ly1 (or Ly2 + @entity10665 ) groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.005). In @entity1 with @entity5 , there were trends toward higher recurrence, lower survival, or disease free survival rates in the Ly2 + @entity10665 groups compared with the Ly1 group (P < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of lymphatic permeation is an important prognostic factor in @entity1 with @entity5 , especially in those with @entity5 . It should be classified as a clinical subgroup.

title: Carcinomatous lymphatic permeation. Prognostic significance in XXXX with @entity189 --a long term prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Stage IIIb disease', 'Stage IIIa disease', 'Stage III disease']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['rectal carcinomas', 'rectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3918 ( @entity3918 ) is the most common adult form of @entity3986 , characterized by autosomal dominant progressive @entity121 , @entity8525 , and multiorgan involvement. @entity3918 ( @entity6046 ) is caused by a [CCTG] expansion in the @entity6046 / @entity6046 gene. The aim of this work was the validation of the new molecular diagnostic test @entity3918 kit-FL. RESULTS: A cohort of 126 individuals was analyzed. The results show that 126/126 @entity1 were correctly identified using the new molecular assay. In particular, 74 were @entity6046 positive, 39 were @entity6046 / @entity6045 negative and 13 @entity6046 negative/ @entity6045 positive. Approximately 9.5% (7/74) of the @entity6046 -positive samples had a single sizeable expansion and 85% (63/74) showed multiple bands or smears. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses, on muscle biopsies, revealed that the sensitivity and specificity were very high (>99%). Equivalent analytical performances were obtained using different DNA extraction methods. Among affected individuals 87.5% (28/32) had electrical @entity8525 , 69% (22/32) proximal weakness, 41% (13/32) @entity231 , and about 37.5% (12/32) @entity8526 . FISH analysis and clinical data were used to support the genetic analysis.

title: Development and Validation of a New Molecular Diagnostic Assay for Detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'Myotonic Dystrophy type 2', 'Myotonic dystrophy', 'Myotonic dystrophy type 2']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity3918 :: (MESH:D009223,Disease) :: ['Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity282 and @entity390 after laparoscopic sterilization can be reduced with a combination of @entity1341 , @entity1769 , @entity5591 , @entity6058 , and gastric suctioning. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing outpatient laparoscopic sterilization were randomized to protocol management or nontreatment groups. Each @entity1 received standard general endotracheal anesthesia. Protocol subjects received intramuscular @entity6058 60 mg and @entity5591 0.25 mg, intravenous @entity1769 10 mg, and gastric suctioning; @entity1341 (2.5 mg/mL) with @entity1425 (5 micrograms/mL) was injected at trocar sites and dripped onto the fallopian tubes. The nontreatment group served as controls. Visual analogue scales were used to evaluate @entity158 and @entity390 (measured in millimeters). Demographic characteristics, postoperative requirements for analgesics and antiemetics, time to discharge, and unscheduled admission were also evaluated. RESULTS: During a 7-month period, 71 @entity1 were enrolled. Protocol subjects (N = 35) reported @entity158 severity of 27.9 +/- 19.1 mm (mean +/- standard deviation), whereas controls (N = 36) reported 59.3 +/- 23.3 mm (P < .001). Fourteen protocol @entity1 requested additional @entity158 medication, compared with 29 controls (P < .001). Protocol @entity1 indicated a @entity390 severity of 9.9 +/- 18.7 mm, whereas the controls reported 38.8 +/- 35.5 mm (P < .001). Only one protocol @entity1 required @entity390 medication, compared with nine controls (P < .02). Severity of @entity158 correlated with severity of @entity390 (r = 0.38166, P < .001). Protocol @entity1 were discharged from the outpatient surgery unit in 148.6 +/- 45.0 minutes, compared with 176.4 +/- 58.5 minutes for controls (P < .03). CONCLUSION: This regimen reduced the severity of @entity158 and @entity390 after outpatient laparoscopic sterilization. The need for additional analgesics and antiemetics was also reduced. Protocol @entity1 were discharged earlier than controls. These benefits seem to accrue without significant risk. We believe that this regimen may also be useful in other ambulatory laparoscopic procedures.

title: Reduction of @entity158 and @entity390 after laparoscopic sterilization with XXXX , @entity1769 , @entity5591 , @entity6058 , and gastric suctioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity6058 :: ('MESH:D020910', 'Chemical') :: ['ketorolac']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate whether brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide ( @entity3876 ) changes during sleep are associated with the frequency and severity of @entity2749 , intermittent arousals, and @entity519 . BACKGROUND: Sleep @entity386 is strongly associated with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and could conceivably worsen @entity712 through increased sympathetic activity, hemodynamic stress, @entity519 , and oxidative stress. If apneic activity does cause acute stress in @entity712 , it should increase @entity3876 . METHODS: Sixty-four @entity712 @entity1 with New York Heart Association functional class II and III @entity712 and ejection fraction <40% underwent a baseline sleep study. Five @entity1 with no @entity387 and 12 with severe @entity387 underwent repeat sleep studies, during which blood was collected every 20 min for the measurement of @entity3876 . @entity1 with severe @entity387 also underwent a third sleep study with frequent @entity3876 measurements while they were administered @entity26 . This provided 643 observations with which to relate @entity386 to @entity3876 . The association of log @entity3876 with each of 6 markers of @entity386 severity was evaluated with repeated measures regression models. RESULTS: There was no relationship between @entity3876 and the number of @entity2749 or the number of arousals. However, the burden of @entity519 (the time spent with @entity26 saturation <90%) significantly predicted @entity3876 concentrations; each 10% increase in duration of @entity519 increased @entity3876 by 9.6% (95% confidence interval: 1.5% to 17.7%, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity519 appears to be an important factor that underlies the impact of @entity25 on hemodynamic stress in @entity1 with @entity712 . Prevention of @entity519 might be especially important for these @entity1 .

title: XXXX , not the frequency of @entity387 , induces acute hemodynamic stress in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['apneic/hypopneic episodes']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia', 'Hypoxemia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep abnormalities']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['Hypoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost-utility of an exercise programme vs usual care after functional multidisciplinary rehabilitation in @entity1 with @entity1643 . DESIGN: Cost-utility analysis alongside a randomized controlled trial. SUBJECTS/ @entity1 : A total of 105 @entity1 with @entity1643 . METHODS: @entity1643 @entity1 completing a 3-week functional multidisciplinary rehabilitation were randomized to either a 3-month exercise programme (n = 56) or usual care (n = 49). The exercise programme consisted of 24 training sessions during 12 weeks. At the end of functional multidisciplinary rehabilitation and at 1-year follow-up quality of life was measured with the SF-36 questionnaire, converted into utilities and transformed into quality--adjusted life years. Direct and indirect monthly costs were measured using cost diaries. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated as the incremental cost of the exercise programme divided by the difference in quality-adjusted life years between both groups. RESULTS: Quality of life improved significantly at 1-year follow-up in both groups. Similarly, both groups significantly reduced total monthly costs over time. No significant difference was observed between groups. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 79,270 @entity7634 . CONCLUSION: Adding an exercise programme after functional multidisciplinary rehabilitation compared with usual care does not offer significant long-term benefits in quality of life and direct and indirect costs.

title: Cost-utility analysis of a three-month exercise programme vs usual care following multidisciplinary rehabilitation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: Pocket proteins and @entity4698 -dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors negatively regulate cell proliferation and can promote differentiation. However, which members of these gene families, which cell type they interact in, and what they do to promote differentiation in that cell type during @entity19 development are largely unknown. To identify the cell types in which @entity12405 and @entity7919 interact, we generated compound mutant @entity19 . These @entity19 were null for @entity12405 and had a deletion in @entity7919 that prevented its binding to @entity4698 -CDK complexes. Although a fraction of these animals survived into adulthood and looked similar to single @entity7919 mutant @entity19 , a larger number of animals died at birth or within a few weeks thereafter. These animals displayed defects in chondrocyte maturation and endochondral bone formation. Proliferation of chondrocytes was increased, and ectopic ossification was observed. Uncommitted @entity19 embryo fibroblasts could be induced into the chondrocytic lineage ex vivo, but these cells failed to mature normally. These results demonstrate that @entity7919 carries out overlapping functions with @entity12405 in controlling cell cycle exit during chondrocyte maturation. The phenotypic similarities between @entity12405 (-/-) @entity7919 (D51/D51) and @entity12405 (-/-) @entity12406 (-/-) @entity19 and the cells derived from them suggest that @entity7919 and @entity12406 act in an analogous pathway during chondrocyte maturation.

title: Cooperation between @entity7919 and @entity12405 during endochondral ossification suggests a genetic pathway controlled by XXXX and @entity12406 .

answer: @entity7919 :: (12576(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['p27']


abstract: A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) is superior to supportive care in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ). Overall, 110 papers were found using the reported search, of which 14 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity1 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results are tabulated. We conclude that EPP confers no advantage to chemotherapy and palliative treatment in terms of survival and symptom improvement. Ten studies evaluated the role of EPP in the management of @entity3620 . The median survival was 13 months and perioperative and 30-day mortality rates were 5.7% and 9.1%, respectively. There was a high morbidity rate of 37% including @entity955 , @entity3509 and @entity943 . Disease recurred in 73% of @entity1 at a median time of 10 months. Median hospital stay was 13 days and intensive care unit stay was 1.5 days. At three months postsurgery, improvement in symptoms was achieved in 68% of @entity1 . Significant advantages were observed in @entity1 with epithelial @entity3620 (19 vs. 8 months, P<0.01) compared to non-epithelial @entity3620 and with N2 disease (19 vs. 10 months) compared to N1 or N0 disease, respectively. Two studies reported outcomes after chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity3620 . The median survival was 13 months and symptoms improved in 50% of @entity1 . Response rate of 21% was achieved and the median time to disease progression was 7.2 months. Postoperative haematological @entity137 was common and included @entity1398 (25%), @entity417 (5%) and @entity882 (7.4%). Two studies analysed palliative treatment in @entity2615 and reported a median survival of seven months and improvement in symptoms in 25% of @entity1 at one-year post-treatment. The 30-day mortality rate was 7.8% and complications included prolonged air leak (9.8%) and @entity3509 (4%). Median hospital stay was seven days. Overall, EPP shows no benefit in terms of survival or symptom improvement which is compounded by its high operative mortality and recurrence rate.

title: Extrapleural pneumonectomy or supportive care: treatment of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'malignant pleural mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 due to @entity3177 rhodesiense has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations coupled with differences in disease progression and severity across East and Southern Africa. The disease progresses from an early (hemo-lymphatic) stage to the late ( @entity1394 ) stage characterized by presence of parasites in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that disease progression and severity of the neurological response is modulated by cytokines. METHODS: A total of 55 @entity25 cases and 41 healthy controls were recruited passively at Lwala hospital, in Northern Uganda. A panel of six cytokines (IFN-y, IL1-b, TNF-a, @entity650 , TGF-b and @entity688 ) were assayed from paired plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Cytokine concentrations were analyzed in relation to disease progression, clinical presentation and severity of neurological responses. RESULTS: Median plasma levels (pg/ml) of IFN-y (46.3), @entity650 (61.7), TGF-b (8755) and @entity688 (256.6) were significantly higher in cases compared to controls (p< 0.0001). When early stage and late stage CSF cytokines were compared, @entity688 and @entity650 were up regulated in late stage @entity1 and were associated with a reduction in @entity400 and cranioneuropathy. @entity688 had a higher staging accuracy with a sensitivity of 85.7% (95% CI, 63.7%-97%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 39.8%-100%) while for @entity650 , a specificity of 100% (95% CI, 47.8%-100%) gave a sensitivity of 83.3% (95% CI, 62.2%-95.3%). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates the role of host inflammatory cytokines in modulating the progression and severity of neurological responses in @entity25 . We demonstrate here an up-regulation of @entity650 and @entity688 during the late stage with a potential as adjunct stage biomarkers. Given that both cytokines could potentially be elevated by other CNS @entity281 , our findings should be further validated in a large cohort of @entity1 including those with other @entity32 such as @entity6197 .

title: Interleukin (IL)-6 and XXXX Are Up Regulated in Late Stage @entity3177 rhodesiense @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1394 :: ('MESH:D010301', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitic']

entities_list: @entity6197 :: ('MESH:D016779', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral malaria']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleeping sickness', 'Sleeping sickness']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['IL-10']


abstract: Abstract Purpose: With the development and widespread use of electromagnetic field (EMF) technology, recent studies are focusing on the effects of EMF on @entity1 health. Recently, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) have been studied with great interest due to their possible effects on @entity195 ( @entity195 ). The objective of the present study was to investigate the interaction between ELF-EMF exposure and @entity2414 in @entity35 . Materials and methods: Twenty healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly divided into two groups (n=10). Animals were exposed to 100 T/50Hz ELF-EMF or subjected to sham exposure when 12 weeks old. After 12 weeks, Morris water maze (MWM) was used to test the changes in cognitive and memory ability. @entity5357 ( @entity5357 ) content in cortex, hippocampus and plasma were measured by ELISA assays. The morphology of neuron was detected by HE staining. Results: After exposure, the body weight of @entity35 showed no difference compared with control group. The application of ELF-EMF did not induce any @entity73 compared with sham exposure group. The determination of @entity5357 showed no significant change between two groups. And there was no histological change in ELF-EMF exposure group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that short term exposure of 100 T/50Hz ELF-EMF had no effects on cognition and memory of @entity35 , and did not alter the expression of @entity5357 and the neuron morphology. However, more comprehensive studies are still required to elucidate the possible effects and underlying mechanisms of ELF-EMF exposure on living organisms.

title: Short term effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields exposure on XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and memory impairment']

entities_list: @entity5357 :: ('MESH:D012497', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloid-beta', 'Ab']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory impairment']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: We have measured the expression of messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) (mRNA) encoding @entity225 ( @entity225 ), @entity3646 , @entity1199 and @entity379 ( @entity379 ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 and nine non- @entity748 controls. Measurements were repeated in seven of the @entity748 following 7 days of oral glucocorticoid therapy. Total RNA was extracted from the PBMC, reverse transcribed using oligo-(dT) primers and aliquots of the resulting complementary DNA (cDNA) amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the presence of cytokine-specific primers under non-saturating conditions. PCR products were quantified on a relative basis after Southern blotting and probing with radiolabelled internal oligonucleotide probes by computer assisted densitometry of blot autoradiographs. The relative amounts of @entity225 mRNA in PBMC from the @entity748 @entity1 prior to glucocorticoid therapy were greater (P < 0.01) than those in PBMC from non- @entity748 controls. In contrast, there were no differences in the relative amounts of @entity3646 , @entity1199 and @entity379 mRNA. In the @entity748 , the relative amounts of @entity225 mRNA correlated with the peripheral blood eosinophil counts (P = 0.02). After oral glucocorticoid therapy of the @entity748 , lung function improved and the relative amounts of PBMC @entity225 mRNA were reduced (P = 0.04) and no longer differed from those in PBMC from non- @entity748 controls. Glucocorticoid therapy was not associated with significant changes in the relative amounts of PBMC @entity3646 , @entity1199 and @entity379 mRNA. PBMC from atopic subjects contained significantly greater quantities of @entity3646 mRNA (P = 0.04) but not @entity225 , @entity1199 and @entity379 mRNA compared with non-atopic subjects regardless of their @entity748 status. We conclude that PBMC of @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 demonstrate elevated expression of mRNA encoding @entity225 , but not @entity1199 , @entity3646 and @entity379 and that the clinical improvement associated with glucocorticoid therapy is associated with a reduction of @entity225 mRNA expression. We further conclude that elevated expression in PBMC of mRNA encoding @entity3646 is a feature of atopy but not of @entity565 . These observations suggest that @entity225 synthesis by activated T-lymphocytes may be relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity565 , and that inhibition of this release by glucocorticoids may at least partly explain their therapeutic effect in this disease.

title: Polymerase chain reaction quantification of cytokine messenger RNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity1 with acute exacerbations of XXXX : effect of glucocorticoid therapy.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: A case of @entity8 extending into the inferior vena cava with intraoperative development of massive @entity1151 is reported. A 38-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of right @entity703 with gross @entity811 , right @entity812 and @entity5 . Inferior venacavograms and computerized tomography demonstrated almost total occlusion of the abdominal part of the vena cava by @entity5 thrombi. No signs of inferior vena caval involvement were present. Intraoperative @entity1151 suddenly occurred after right nephrectomy was performed. Immediately, pulmonary thrombectomy was performed with extra-corporeal circulation. Postoperatively, pulse, blood pressure and ventilation were stable, but the @entity1 remained unconscious and neurologic signs gradually deteriorated. Computerized tomography of the brain showed diffuse @entity2657 and @entity1188 . The @entity1 died of @entity1887 with multiple pulmonary @entity3 8 months postoperatively. We emphasize the risk of fragmentation and migration of the @entity5 thrombi during surgical treatment of @entity703 invading the inferior vena cava.

title: [A case of XXXX extending into the inferior vena cava].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosarcoma of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['brain edema']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumor']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity812 :: ('MESH:D021501', 'Disease') :: ['flank pain']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary neoplastic emboli', 'neoplastic pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'neoplasm of the kidney']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['fibrosarcoma of the kidney']


abstract: Eighty @entity1 with @entity10791 were examined with 18 language tests, mainly derived from a neuropsychological investigation called NEPSY (NEuroPSYchological Investigation for @entity1 ). The @entity1 were 6-0 to 7-9 years old and attended kindergarten. The test profiles of the first 40 @entity1 , Group 1, were utilized for the elaboration of a classification of @entity10791 . The test profiles were grouped into five subgroups with the aid of a Q-type factor analysis. Then the classification was modified to suit clinical application by collapsing two pairs of subgroups. The resulting categories were called: the Global Subtype, the Specific @entity1742 Subtype, and the Specific Comprehension Subtype. The classification was validated, first, by a follow-up study. It was predicted that spelling problems would occur in the Global and the Specific Comprehension Subtypes, but not in the Specific @entity1742 Subtype. At follow-up, 3 years later, the hit rate was found to be 80.5%. In a second validation procedure, the classification was tried out on the 40 @entity1 examined later, Group 2. The coverage of the classification was 85%. Five outliers (12.5%) seemed to form a fourth category, called the Specific @entity5547 Subtype. An expressive subtype was not observed.

title: A new classification of @entity10791 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1742 :: ('MESH:D001072', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspraxia']

answer: @entity10791 :: (MESH:D007805,Disease) :: ['DLD']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) after surgical resection for extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) @entity5 . METHODS: From 1997 to 2015, 59 @entity1 with @entity1126 were the subject of this study; 36 @entity1 not undergoing adjuvant treatment after surgery (observation group) and 23 @entity1 receiving adjuvant RT (RT group) were compared. @entity66 (R1) was in 9 (25%) @entity1 and 5 (22%) @entity1 , and macroscopic @entity66 (R2) was in 2 (6%) @entity1 and 6 (26%) @entity1 in the observation and RT groups, respectively. @entity1753 was delivered to the @entity5 bed and regional lymph nodes up to 50.4   Gy (range, 45-61   Gy). RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 19 months, local recurrence was observed in 10 (28%) @entity1 and 2 (9%) @entity1 in the observation and RT groups, respectively. On univariate analysis, the 5-year @entity13177 ( @entity13177 ) rates were 50% in the observation group and 54% in the RT group (p   =   0.401). The 5-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates were 29.3% in the observation group and 26.3% in the RT group (p   =   0.602). On multivariable analysis, however, adjuvant RT significantly improved @entity13177 [hazard ratio (HR), 0.310; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.100-0.963; p   =   0.043] and had a trend towards increased @entity1349 (HR, 0.491; 95% CI, 0.219-1.102; p   =   0.085). Resection margin (RM) status was also correlated with @entity13177 (HR for R1 6.134, 95% CI 2.051-18.344; and HR for R2 18.551, 95% CI 3.680-93.520; p   <   0.001) and @entity1349 (HR for R1 1.816, 95% CI 0.853-3.867; and HR for R2 3.564, 95% CI 1.175-10.809; p   =   0.054). CONCLUSION: RM status was a significant prognosticator of @entity1126 , and adjuvant RT improved local control rate; thereby, survival rate might be increased. Advances in knowledge: The benefit of adjuvant RT in @entity1126 was demonstrated via comparison with observation group.

title: Role of adjuvant radiotherapy for localized extrahepatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'Microscopic residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity13177 :: ('MESH:D009364', 'Disease') :: ['local recurrence-free survival', 'LRFS']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['Adjuvant RT']

entities_list: @entity1126 :: ('MESH:D001650', 'Disease') :: ['EHBD cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1126 :: (MESH:D001650,Disease) :: ['bile duct cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritumoral and periareolar tracer injection techniques lead to different lymphatic drainage in sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures. In a prospective study, the visualization and identification rates of the ultrasound (US)-guided tracer injection technique for palpable and nonpalpable @entity0 were evaluated. METHODS: In 1262 consecutive @entity1 with cT         N0 @entity0 , sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed following peritumoral tracer injection. In the case of nonpalpable breast lesions, Tc-99m nanocolloid injections were given using a 7.5 MHz US probe. In the case of ultrasonographically nonvisible microcalcifications, the US-guided injection technique was wire guided. RESULTS: In 331 @entity1 with nonpalpable breast lesions (26.2%), the lymphoscintigraphic visualization and surgical retrieval rates of axillary sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were 98.5 and 99.4%, respectively. For internal mammary (IM) SLNs, these rates were 21.1 and 17.8%, respectively. These rates were similar in @entity1 with palpable and nonpalpable @entity5 . Axillary metastases were detected in 38.7% of the @entity1 with palpable @entity5 versus 16.5% of those with nonpalpable @entity5 (P<0.001), whereas IM metastases were found in 4.8 and 3.0% of @entity1 , respectively (P=0.165). CONCLUSION: In nonpalpable breast lesions, the US-guided injection technique is an accurate technique for @entity4298 identification and retrieval. The substantial rates of IM metastases in both palpable and nonpalpable lesions favor a peritumoral tracer injection technique.

title: Ultrasound-guided sentinel node procedure for nonpalpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: Stress @entity322 (SUI), the most common type of @entity322 in @entity1 , is a frequent and costly ailment responsible for an alteration in the quality of life. Although medical treatment gives some rather deceiving results, surgical techniques that include colposuspension or tension-free vaginal tape, employed in cases of urethral support defect, give a 5-year cure rate of more than 80%. However, these techniques could lead to complications or recurrence of symptoms. Recently, the initiation of urethral cell therapy has been undertaken by doctors and researchers. One principal source of autologous adult stem cells is generally used: muscle precursor cells (MPCs) which are the progenitors of skeletal muscle cells. Recently, a few research groups have shown interest in the MPCs and their potential for the treatment of @entity322 . However, using MPCs or fibroblasts isolated from a striated muscle biopsy could be questionable on several points. One of them is the in vitro cultivation of cells, which raises issues over the potential cost of the technique. Besides, numerous studies have shown the multipotent or even the pluripotent nature of @entity455 ( @entity455 ) or adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) from adipose tissue. These cells are capable of acquiring in vitro many different phenotypes. Furthermore, recent animal studies have highlighted the potential interest of @entity455 cells or ASCs in cell therapy, in particular for mesodermal tissue repair and revascularization. Moreover, the potential interest of @entity455 cells or ASCs for the treatment of @entity322 in @entity1 is supported by many other characteristics of these cells that are discussed here. Because access to these cells via lipoaspiration is simple, and because they are found in very large numbers in adipose tissue, their future potential as a stem cell reservoir for use in urethral or other types of cell therapy is enormous.

title: Stem cells for stress XXXX : the adipose promise.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) arises from the tuberculum sellae, chiasmatic sulcus, and limbus sphenoidale. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze @entity1 with @entity1653 who underwent surgery via an anterior interhemispheric approach, with special attention to visual outcomes. METHODS: Nine consecutive @entity1 between April 2004 and December 2009 were examined. @entity227 score (VIS) was used to analyze the visual status of the @entity1 . A VIS is the sum of the scores in specific tables for visual acuity and @entity227 . Visual status was sequentially evaluated in the preoperative period and within 2 weeks of the operation. Any change in the VIS was considered an improvement or deterioration of visual function. All @entity5 were removed via an anterior interhemispheric approach. Following the wide dissection of the interhemispheric fissure, the @entity5 was first detached from its origin and debulked with the ultrasonic aspirator starting at the midline. The debulking continued until the arachnoid plane separating the nerve and @entity5 was visualized. RESULTS: Gross total resection (Simpson I + II) was achieved in all 9 @entity1 . The average VIS was 56.1 in the preoperative period and 26.3 in the postoperative period. Among 9 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 had an improvement of the VIS after surgery. VIS was unchanged in 1 @entity1 , and no @entity1 experienced @entity227 . Other nonvisual complications, such as rhinoliquorrhea, @entity1188 , and permanent @entity4838 , occurred in 3 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of @entity1 , a high resection rate and favorable visual outcome support the suitability of this approach for resection of @entity1653 .

title: Anterior interhemispheric approach for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects', 'visual deterioration', 'Visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma', 'TSM']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['venous infarction']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['tuberculum sellae meningioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: GABAergic interneurons intricately regulate the activity of hippocampal and neocortical networks. Their function in vivo is likely to be tuned by neuromodulatory substances in brain extracellular fluid. However, in vitro investigations of GABAergic interneuron function do not account for such effects, as neurons are kept in artificial extracellular fluid. To examine the neuromodulatory influence of brain extracellular fluid on GABAergic activity, we recorded from fast-spiking and non-fast-spiking @entity1399 interneurons, as well as from pyramidal cells, in the presence of @entity1 cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity2841 ), using a matched artificial cerebrospinal (aCSF) fluid as control. We found that @entity2841 increased the frequency of spontaneous firing more than twofold in the two groups of interneurons, and more than fourfold in @entity1399 pyramidal cells. @entity2841 did not affect the resting membrane potential of @entity1399 interneurons but caused depolarization in pyramidal cells. The increased excitability of interneurons and pyramidal cells was accompanied by reductions in afterhyperpolarization amplitudes and a left-shift in the frequency-current relationships. Our results suggest that ambient concentrations of neuromodulators in the brain extracellular fluid powerfully influence the excitability of neuronal networks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Neuromodulation of fast-spiking and non-fast-spiking hippocampal @entity1399 interneurons by XXXX cerebrospinal fluid.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In contrast to the usual slow disease progression in @entity121 , @entity1 with @entity5266 opathy often have a rapidly progressive and more severe phenotype with a worse prognosis. We describe a Chinese @entity1 , born to non-consanguineous parents, who first presented at age 6 with clumsy walking and difficult climbing staircase. With a history of @entity358 previously diagnosed as @entity565 , she progressed rapidly with proximal @entity121 , rigid spine and bilateral tightening of the Achilles tendons requiring surgical elongation. @entity1121 with restrictive physiology was shown by echocardiogram. Moreover, @entity1162 was also noted in the @entity1 . Family history was unremarkable yet her father was incidentally found to have @entity1162 . Mutation analysis with genomic DNA of the proband showed heterozygous de novo known mutation @entity5267 ( @entity5268 ) and a germline variation @entity5269 ( @entity5270 ) in @entity5266 . Her father was found to be a carrier of @entity5269 . Muscle biopsy findings were suggestive of @entity121 on light microscopy and ultrastructural studies. To our knowledge, this is the first Chinese case of @entity5266 opathy so far reported.

title: @entity5266 -related XXXX in a Chinese family.

entities_list: @entity5270 :: ('p|SUB|R|258|W', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Arg258Trp']

entities_list: @entity5268 :: ('p|SUB|P|209|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Pro209Leu']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged QT interval']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myofibrillar myopathy', 'myopathy', 'myofibrillar myopathies']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['myofibrillar myopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spinal intradural @entity5 are usually removed with laminectomy/laminotomy with a midline dural incision. @entity158 , discomfort, @entity86 , and instability may be minimized with unilateral microsurgery. METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with @entity808 (73 @entity5 ) and 27 @entity1 with @entity1653 (29 @entity5 ) were operated on with unilateral hemilaminectomy (June 2000 to March 2014). Surgery was generally kept to 1 or 2 levels, removing all the craniocaudal ligamentum flavum. Careful radioscopic identification is mandatory; in thoracolumbar @entity808 , the @entity5 may be mobile; in the prone position, it may move cranially than appears on magnetic resonance imaging. The dura was opened paramedially, and the @entity5 was dissected and removed either en bloc or piecemeal after ultrasonic debulking. Neurophysiologic monitoring was performed. The @entity5 was approached tangentially with no @entity717 or minimal manipulation. Average duration of surgery was 160 minutes (100-320 minutes). Removal was total in 72 of 73 @entity808 ; Simpson grade was 1 in 10 @entity1653 and 2  in  19. RESULTS: @entity1 with no complications were discharged on day 5-7. Ten @entity1 had @entity10 ; 2 had pseudomeningocele that required reoperation. @entity158 improvement (Dennis Scale) was significant either at  discharge or at follow-up (P < 0.0001 @entity808 , P  <  0.001 @entity1653 ). Neurologic results (McCormick Scale, Karnofsky Performance Score) were excellent/good: of 39 @entity1 with preoperative @entity16 , 19 recovered completely, 17 had minor @entity508 , and 3 had moderate @entity508 but autonomous ambulation. Sphincters recovered in 5 of 10 @entity1 At follow-up, average Karnofsky Performance Score improved from 60 to 90 (P < 0.0001) and the McCormick score decreased from 121 to 55 (P < 0.0001). No spinal instability was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Neurologic and oncologic results were good and @entity282 and discomfort were reduced. Stability was preserved with a unilateral technique. No bracing was necessary, permitting early rehabilitation.

title: Unilateral Laminectomy Approach for the Removal of @entity1653 and XXXX : Impact on @entity158 , Spinal Stability, and Neurologic Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma', 'schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['cord rotation']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['orthostatic headaches']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['Schwannomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) using @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) donor corneas that were unsuitable for use in full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty as a result of stromal scars, @entity18550 , or previous corneal refractive surgery and to compare results with DSAEK using standard tissue. METHODS: We conducted a review of our initial 42 (19 with 6-month follow up) consecutive DSAEK surgeries using @entity1347 tissue compared with 357 (199 with 6-month follow up) time-matched controls using standard tissue. Intraoperative and perioperative complications, including dislocations and primary graft failures, were compared. Six-month best spectacle-corrected vision, incidence of rejection episodes, postoperative refractive @entity940 , keratometric values, pre- and postoperative topography-derived surface asymmetry index, and surface regularity index were compared. RESULTS: One surgeon-cut @entity1347 tissue was perforated before surgery and was discarded. No surgeon-cut standard tissue was perforated. No intraoperative complications and no episodes of @entity177 or @entity726 occurred in either group. One (2.4%) postoperative graft dislocation and one (5.2%) graft rejection episode occurred in the study group. There were 10 (2.8%) dislocations and 8 (2.2%) graft rejection in the controls. A statistically similar significant improvement in best spectacle-corrected vision occurred in both groups. Corneal topography, pachymetry, and manifest @entity940 were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION: Postoperative results of DSAEK using donor tissue excluded from use in penetrating keratoplasty as a result of stromal flaws are equivalent to results using standard donor tissue. Central corneal thickness measurements should be performed before cutting to avoid tissue perforation. The use of @entity1347 tissue for DSAEK will expand the cornea donor pool.

title: Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) using corneal donor tissue not acceptable for use in penetrating keratoplasty as a result of anterior stromal scars, XXXX , and previous corneal refractive surgical procedures.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior stromal flawed', 'ASF']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft failure']

answer: @entity18550 :: (MESH:C535844,Disease) :: ['pterygia']


abstract: 1. Both cannabinoid and opioid receptors are localized at the peripheral level, and drugs acting on these receptors may produce antinociception after topical administration; however, the effect of endogenous ligands at these receptors is poorly understood. Our goal was to determine the antinociceptive potency of the endogenous cannabinoid @entity9394 ( @entity14512 ), and its interaction with @entity22194 (EM1) at joint level in the @entity35 @entity32 model. 2. Mechanical @entity56 was produced by injection of carrageenan (300 microg/30 microL) into the tibiotarsal joint of the right hind leg. The mechanical threshold was assessed by von Frey filaments. @entity14512 (3-200 microg), EM1 (100-300 microg) and their combinations in a fixed-dose ratio (1 : 10) were given into the inflamed joint, and the threshold was determined repeatedly for 105 min after the drug administrations. 3. Both ligands produced dose-dependent anti- @entity1931 , and the highest doses caused prolonged effects, but they did not influence the degree of @entity4 and the withdrawal threshold at the non-inflamed side. EM1 had lower potency compared to @entity14512 (ED(25): 233 (CI: 198-268) microg and 126 (CI: 88-162) microg, respectively; P < 0.05). The effects of EM1 and @entity14512 were prevented by mu-opioid and cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonists, respectively. The ED(25) value for the combination (98 (CI: 80-112) microg) did not differ significantly from the value of @entity14512 ; however, the largest dose combination produced a significantly higher effect than the ligands by themselves. 4. Our data showed that @entity14512 was an effective antinociceptive ligand at joint level, and its combination with EM1 produced long-lasting, effective antinociception.

title: Peripheral antinociceptive effect of @entity9394 and its interaction with @entity22194 in arthritic XXXX ankle joints.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity9394 :: ('MESH:C094503', 'Chemical') :: ['2-arachidonoyl-glycerol']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity22194 :: ('MESH:C105293', 'Chemical') :: ['endomorphin-1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bony defects arising from @entity5 resection or debridement after infection, non-union or @entity130 present a challenging problem to orthopedic surgeons, as well as @entity1 due to compliance issues. Current treatment options are time intensive, require more than one operation and are associated with high rate of complications. For this reason, we developed a new surgical procedure to bridge a massive long @entity79 . METHODS: To bridge the gap, an in situ periosteal sleeve is elevated circumferentially off of healthy diaphyseal bone adjacent to the @entity79 . Then, the adjacent bone is osteotomized and the transport segment is moved along an intramedullary nail, out of the periosteal sleeve and into the original diaphyseal defect, where it is docked. Vascularity is maintained through retention of the soft tissue attachments to the in situ periosteal sleeve. In addition, periosteal osteogenesis can be augmented through utilization of cancellous bone graft or in situ cortical bone adherent to the periosteal sleeve. RESULTS: The proposed procedure is novel in that it exploits the osteogenic potential of the periosteum by replacing the defect arising from resection of tissue out of a pathological area with a defect in a healthy area of tissue, through transport of the adjacent bone segment. Furthermore, the proposed procedure has several advantages over the current standard of care including ease of implementation, rapid @entity1 mobilization, and no need for specialized implants (intramedullary nails are standard inventory for surgical oncology and @entity130 departments) or costly orthobiologics. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed procedure offers a viable and potentially preferable alternative to the current standard treatment modalities, particularly in areas of the world where few surgeons are trained for procedures such as distraction osteogenesis (e.g. the Ilizarov procedure) as well as areas of the world where surgeons have little access to expensive, complex devices and orthobiologics.

title: A novel surgical procedure for bridging of massive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity79 :: (MESH:D001847,Disease) :: ['bone defects']


abstract: We previously showed that @entity1 and adolescent offspring of @entity1 with essential @entity101 have an increased proximal renal @entity1372 reabsorption as measured by @entity1091 fractional excretion. @entity2690 has been shown to have antinatriuretic properties and to be increased ( @entity3190 ) in essential @entity101 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of @entity2690 on the increased proximal renal @entity1372 reabsorption previously reported. @entity1091 and @entity1372 fractional excretions were measured 3 hours before and 3 hours after an intravenous @entity413 tolerance test in 20 normotensive adolescents with a family history of essential @entity101 (F+, 14.8 +/- 0.5 years) and 10 normotensive control subjects without a family history of @entity101 (F-, 15.2 +/- 0.9 years). Results are mean +/- SEM. @entity1091 fractional excretion before @entity413 loading was 16.1 +/- 1.8% in F+ versus 23.5 +/- 2.0% in F- (P < .02) and after @entity413 loading was 14.7 +/- 1.3% in F+ versus 20.9 +/- 1.7% in F- (P = NS). @entity1091 fractional excretion did not change after intravenous @entity413 loading in either group. The @entity2690 area under the curve was 2815 +/- 499 in F+ versus 2290 +/- 418 microU/mL per hour in F- (P = NS). There was no correlation between @entity1091 fractional excretion and @entity2690 area under the curve. Fractional excretion of @entity1372 before @entity413 loading was 0.99 +/- 0.1% in F+ versus 0.99 +/- 0.1% in F- (P = NS) and after @entity413 loading was 0.77 +/- 0.1 in F+ versus 0.85 + 0.1% in F- (P < .01 versus values before loading in both groups).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2690 effect on renal XXXX reabsorption in adolescent offspring of essential @entity101 parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1091 :: ('MESH:D008094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lithium', 'lithium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1372 :: (MESH:D012964,Chemical) :: ['sodium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Most authors agree that surgery is the treatment of @entity5 of the parotid gland. However, the best surgical technique and the extent of surgery remain controversial. This study attempts to establish whether the implementation of a @entity542 ( @entity542 ) is appropriate for the treatment of @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We selected 63 @entity1 with benign parotid gland surgery, of whom 43 had a @entity5123 and 20, a @entity5 . Of this group of 63 @entity1 , 6 could not be included. We consequently studied 57 @entity1 , 41 of them diagnosed as @entity5123 and 16, as @entity5 . In all of them, a @entity542 was performed without intraoperative monitoring of the facial nerve. RESULTS: Transient @entity3541 , 14 @entity1 (24.5%). Ten cases were resolved within the first month after surgery and 4 before the third month, after indicating facial physiotherapy. One @entity1 (1.7%) had a permanent difficulty in keeping one side of the lower lip aligned under pressure-mobility, without altering commissure mobility. None of the @entity1 studied had a recurrence (control, 3-13 years). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity542 is a technique with a few complications, it has a recurrence rate comparable to or lower than other techniques used for the treatment of @entity5123 or @entity5 . Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring can be helpful during surgery. The lack of monitoring would not be considered a contraindication for surgery.

title: [Thirteen years' experience with superficial partial parotidectomy as treatment for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Warthin tumours', 'benign parotid gland tumours', 'Warthin parotid tumours', 'choice for benign tumours', 'Warthin tumour']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['partial superficial parotidectomy', 'PSP']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity5123 :: ('MESH:D008949', 'Disease') :: ['pleomorphic adenomas', 'pleomorphic adenoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign parotid tumours']


abstract: Chimeric receptors were generated in which structurally defined subdomains of the @entity8277 (IR) and insulin growth factor-I receptor ( @entity2856 ) alpha-subunits were exchanged between their respective receptor backbone structures. Upon expression in @entity1 fibroblasts, nine @entity8277 / @entity2856 chimeras were transported to the cell surface, where they formed binding sites with differential properties. One @entity2856 / @entity8277 chimera (C3') exhibited to some extent high insulin specificity, demonstrating the presence of major insulin binding determinants within the @entity535 325-524 region of the @entity8277 alpha-subunit. Complementation of this region with subdomain 1 ( @entity1522 1-137) reconstituted full insulin binding potential within an @entity2856 framework. In addition, both the @entity2856 /IR C3' chimera and another chimera (C13') displayed high affinity binding properties for @entity442 , which suggests distinct locations for major insulin and @entity442 binding determinants in their respective receptors, in agreement with our previous findings (Schumacher, R., Mosthaf, L., Schlessinger, J., Brandenburg, D., and Ullrich, A. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 19288-19295). The binding characteristics of all receptor chimeras correlated directly with the ability of the ligands to regulate their @entity669 kinase activity in intact cells. These results demonstrate direct coupling of ligand binding affinity and capacity for @entity669 kinase activation.

title: Signaling-competent receptor chimeras allow mapping of major XXXX binding domain determinants.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor', 'IR']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the introduction of @entity900 -based chemotherapy, approximately 80% of @entity1 with disseminated @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) of the testis can be cured. These treatments have been associated with considerable toxic effects. Numerous trials have been performed with the challenge of minimizing toxic effects without jeopardizing prognosis in a subgroup of these @entity1 with a good prognosis. METHODS: A retrospective study comparing the efficacy and toxic effects of @entity2879 and @entity900 (EP) and @entity900 , @entity5713 , and @entity1732 ( @entity7297 ) was done in two consecutive groups of @entity1 who had comparable characteristics and disseminated @entity10711 of the testis with a good prognosis. RESULTS: Twenty of 22 (91%) @entity1 receiving EP and 19 of 19 (100%) receiving @entity7297 achieved a complete response with or without adjunctive surgery. At surgery, similar proportions of @entity1 in both groups were found to have mature @entity44 or @entity82 and @entity39 . With a median follow-up of 111 months ( @entity7297 -treated group) and 43 months (EP-treated group), the actuarial overall survival was similar in both groups. One @entity1 treated with @entity7297 and five @entity1 receiving EP had relapses. The recurrence-free survival was almost significantly higher with @entity7297 than with EP (P = 0.054). Only @entity1 in the @entity7297 -treated group had pulmonary (5.5%) and cutaneous (16%) toxic effects. No differences regarding hematologic, neurologic, and renal toxic effects were found. CONCLUSIONS: The omission of @entity1732 in first-line therapy for disseminated @entity10711 with a good prognosis should be adopted with caution because it seems to affect the therapeutic outcome, with more @entity1 having relapses.

title: Sequential trials of @entity900 , @entity5713 , and @entity1732 and XXXX and @entity900 in disseminated @entity10711 of the testis with a good prognosis at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity10711 :: ('MESH:C537844', 'Disease') :: ['NSGCT', 'nonseminomatous germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: To evaluate the effect on neurological outcome of spinal core compression persisting after a closed injury, the authors reviewed 44 of 62 consecutively managed cases of cervical spinal cord and spine injuries at C3-7, inclusive. Decompression within 48 hours of injury confirmed by myelography or open reduction. Neurological status, graded numerically on a spinal @entity130 scale at admission and at follow-up review (an average of 1 year +/- 2 months after admission), and precent recovery of neurological deficit were compared to canal narrowing (22 severe, greater than or equal to 30%, versus 22 moderate, 11% to 29%; or mild, less than or equal to 10%) and to delay before treatment (30 within 8 hours of @entity130 treated 9 to 48 hours after injury). Severe narrowing was equated with compression. Status at admission and at follow-up review was positively correlated. @entity1 with admission scores of less than 2 recovered a mean of 15% of their deficit, while those with scores more than 2 recovered a mean of 77%. Admission status correlated significantly with spinal canal narrowing but not with vertebral body displacement. Time of treatment had no significant effect upon admission status and percent recovery. No significant difference in the percent of recovery was noted, whether decompression was early (up to 8 hours) or late (9 to 48 hours) after injury. Surgery did not significantly alter the percent of recovery. The findings indicate that the initial @entity1566 and spine remains the primary determinant of neurological outcome. Severe canal narrowing with @entity1745 thereafter appears to have comparatively little effect. The conclusion that decompression is without effect is not possible without comparison with a group of @entity1 whose spinal canals remained narrowed at follow-up review.

title: Early decompression and neurological outcome in acute cervical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the cervical spinal cord']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury versus 14', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sublingual (SLIT) and @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are two variants of immunotherapy that might be especially of interest for @entity1 . After adult studies, lately many trials in @entity1 are published. However, the quality of published material varies. In the present review we analyze paediatric SLIT publications from the past 2 years in the light of a new system of evaluation of quality of evidence, the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation system. RECENT FINDINGS: High quality evidence in @entity1 : high-dose daily grass SLIT reduces symptoms and medication use; low-dose pollen SLIT reduces the development of new sensitizations. Low-dose SLIT reduces symptoms and medication in mild-moderate @entity483 . Latex SLIT for 3 years results in a negative glove test. The evidence for the effectiveness of SLIT for seasonal and perennial @entity565 is still of moderate-low quality, as is the evidence for @entity565 prevention. Too high dose of mite SLIT seems ineffective for @entity565 . Oral allergen immunotherapy is promising for some @entity5419 . Some definite immunological changes are seen with SLIT; facilitated antibody presentation and @entity4155 might correlate with efficacy. SUMMARY: Even after a hundred years of immunotherapy, it is still an ever changing field with SLIT and @entity1697 making fast progress.

title: Certainties and doubts about sublingual and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['OIT', 'oral immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergies']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['oral immunotherapy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7551 is a common complaint in pediatric @entity1 . If clinical parameters are used alone, bacterial pathogens will be wrongly implicated in many cases. A nonstandardized approach to the treatment of @entity1 with @entity7551 in an emergency department setting may lead to inappropriate empirical therapy, contribute to increased bacterial resistance, and result in adverse events related to the treatment provided. OBJECTIVE: To implement evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 with @entity7551 in an emergency department setting and thereby influence practices of prescribing antibiotics. DESIGN AND METHODS: An evidence-based guideline for the evaluation and treatment of @entity1 with @entity7551 was developed and implemented in our emergency department. Preintervention and postintervention @entity1 cohorts were identified by a search of the emergency department's clinical repository. A medical record review was performed using a standardized data abstraction form (history and examination data, diagnostic testing, and therapy provided). Treatment decisions were judged as appropriate if the diagnosis of @entity7551 caused by group @entity477 -hemolytic streptococci was based on confirmatory microbiological testing rather than on the history and physical examination findings alone. RESULTS: We included 443 @entity1 for study (219 preintervention and 224 postintervention). In the preintervention group, 97 (44%) of 214 received appropriate treatment. In the postintervention group, 204 (91%) of 224 received appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION: An evidence-based clinical guideline can influence and improve practices of prescribing antibiotics by pediatric emergency physicians in a teaching hospital setting.

title: Effect of a standardized XXXX treatment protocol on use of antibiotics in a pediatric emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['Pharyngitis', 'pharyngitis']

answer: @entity7551 :: (MESH:D010612,Disease) :: ['pharyngitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hyperactivation of the Ras signaling pathway is a driver of many @entity5 , and RAS pathway activation can predict response to targeted therapies. Therefore, optimal methods for measuring Ras pathway activation are critical. The main focus of our work was to develop a gene expression signature that is predictive of RAS pathway dependence. METHODS: We used the coherent expression of RAS pathway-related genes across multiple datasets to derive a RAS pathway gene expression signature and generate RAS pathway activation scores in pre-clinical @entity5 models and @entity1 @entity5 . We then related this signature to @entity984 mutation status and drug response data in pre-clinical and clinical datasets. RESULTS: The RAS signature score is predictive of @entity984 mutation status in @entity2 and cell lines with high (> 90%) sensitivity but relatively low (50%) specificity due to samples that have apparent RAS pathway activation in the absence of a @entity984 mutation. In lung and @entity0 cell line panels, the RAS pathway signature score correlates with pMEK and @entity7952 expression, and predicts resistance to AKT inhibition and sensitivity to @entity8047 inhibition within both @entity984 mutant and @entity984 wild-type groups. The RAS pathway signature is upregulated in @entity0 cell lines that have acquired resistance to AKT inhibition, and is downregulated by inhibition of @entity8047 . In @entity2 cell lines knockdown of @entity984 using siRNA demonstrates that the RAS pathway signature is a better measure of dependence on RAS compared to @entity984 mutation status. In @entity1 @entity5 , the RAS pathway signature is elevated in ER negative @entity0 , and predicts resistance to cetuximab in metastatic @entity14 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the RAS pathway signature is superior to @entity984 mutation status for the prediction of dependence on RAS signaling, can predict response to @entity10412 and RAS pathway inhibitors, and is likely to have the most clinical utility in lung and @entity0 .

title: A gene expression signature of RAS pathway dependence predicts response to @entity10412 and RAS pathway inhibitors and expands the population of RAS pathway activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors and lung adenocarcinomas', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology of @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) preliminarily. METHODS: The clinical findings of radical surgery of 109 cases with @entity3181 from March 2001 to May 2009 were analyzed. The pathological components of membranous tissue (MT) from inferior vena cava (IVC) or hepatic vein (HV) of @entity3181 @entity1 were compared with that of @entity715 from @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ), as well as the expression of transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGF-beta R), @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ), endothelin ( @entity2232 ), factor VIII related antigen ( @entity2801 -rAg), ferritin and alpha1-antitrypsin in MTs and @entity715 through immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: One hundred and four cases of @entity3181 were due to IVC and/or HV membrane or @entity715 except that 4 cases due to IVC @entity5 or 1 case due to compression of fiber. The new-formed IVC membrane was found in 2 recurred cases whose IVC @entity715 was excised before 1 year and 7 years. The development from organized @entity715 to MT was found in 3 cases of @entity6323 . The IVC membrane located below HV outlet was in 8 cases. Both MTs and @entity715 had the pathological components such as fibroblast, neutrophil, granulation tissue, newly-formed blood vessels and so on under the light microscope. The expressions of TGF-beta R, @entity3820 , @entity2232 , @entity2801 -rAg, and ferritin in MTs and @entity715 were as follows: MT 72.3%, @entity715 50.0% (P > 0.05); @entity25262 .5%, @entity715 100% (P < 0.05); @entity25263 %, @entity715 0 (P < 0.05); MT 90.9%, @entity715 12.5% (P < 0.05); MT 72.3%, @entity715 100% (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The membranous tissues and @entity715 have the similar homogeneity and cytokines expression. The membrane and @entity715 may be different pathological phases.

title: [Preliminary study on etiology of XXXX through clinic and experiment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['platelet derived growth factor receptor', 'PDGFR']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome', 'BCS']

entities_list: @entity6323 :: ('MESH:C563013', 'Disease') :: ['segmental obstruction of IVC']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity3181 :: (MESH:D006502,Disease) :: ['Budd-Chiari syndrome']


abstract: Several new @entity3405 antimicrobial agents have been introduced in the last few years. In this investigation, the in vitro activities of several recently introduced @entity2886 ( @entity2891 , @entity3524 , @entity5505 , and @entity8933 ), @entity3399 , and @entity2892 were compared with those of @entity3398 , @entity3402 , and @entity868 against 203 strains of anaerobic bacteria. At achievable serum levels, all of the antimicrobial agents were active against essentially 100% of the strains of anaerobic gram-positive cocci, @entity3168 , @entity17495 , and species of Selenomonas, Veillonella, and Eubacterium. @entity3402 , @entity868 , and @entity2892 were the most active agents against the @entity2868 group, inhibiting all strains at concentrations which can be achieved in serum. Of the remaining agents tested against the @entity2868 group, @entity3398 (which required 64 mug/ml to inhibit 90% of the strains) was the most active, followed by @entity2891 (128 mug/ml), @entity3524 (128 mug/ml), @entity3399 (128 mug/ml), @entity8933 (256 mug/ml), and @entity5505 (>256 mug/ml). Important differences in cephalosporin susceptibility among species of the @entity2868 group were observed. @entity868 and @entity2892 were the most active drugs against species of clostridia other than @entity3168 ; the other antibiotics displayed poor activity, although this is partly due to inclusion of a relatively large number of strains of @entity2718 which were very resistant to several of the @entity2886 . Only @entity868 was active against all species of Fusobacterium. @entity3402 and @entity2892 displayed excellent activity against gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacilli, requiring </=8 mug/ml to inhibit 100% of the strains. @entity5505 , @entity2891 , and @entity3399 were bactericidal for 25 strains of @entity2868 at concentrations equal or close to those required for inhibition. On the basis of its activity in vitro, @entity2892 appears to be the most promising of the new @entity3405 antibiotics for the treatment of @entity281 involving anaerobic bacteria.

title: Comparative in vitro activity of new XXXX antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['B. fragilis', 'Bacteroides fragilis']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['N-formimidoyl thienamycin']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole', 'Metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium perfringens', 'C. perfringens']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity17495 :: ('40542', 'Species') :: ['Leptotrichia buccalis']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftizoxime']

entities_list: @entity2891 :: ('MESH:D002438', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoperazone']

entities_list: @entity2718 :: ('1496', 'Species') :: ['Clostridium difficile']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime', 'Ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['Clindamycin', 'clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity3405 :: (CHEBI:35627,Chemical) :: ['beta-lactam']


abstract: @entity6943 is the causative agent of @entity6942 characterized by @entity55 and @entity295 and prevalent in Southeast Asia. Related @entity7081 species are strong risk factors of mortality in @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ). The @entity6943 flagellar protein FliC is strongly seroreactive and vaccination protects challenged @entity19 . We assessed @entity6943 FliC peptide binding affinity to multiple HLA class II alleles and then assessed CD4 T cell immunity in HLA class II @entity19 and in seropositive individuals in Thailand. T cell hybridomas were generated to investigate cross-reactivity between @entity6943 and the related @entity7081 species associated with Cepacia Complex @entity1577 . @entity6943 FliC contained several peptide sequences with ability to bind multiple HLA class II alleles. Several peptides were shown to encompass strong CD4 T cell epitopes in @entity6943 -exposed individuals and in HLA @entity19 . In particular, the p38 epitope is robustly recognized by CD4 T cells of seropositive donors across diverse HLA haplotypes. T cell hybridomas against an immunogenic @entity6943 FliC epitope also cross-reacted with orthologous FliC sequences from @entity9180 and @entity7081 , important pathogens in @entity1577 . Epitopes within FliC were accessible for processing and presentation from live or heat-killed bacteria, demonstrating that flagellin enters the HLA class II Ag presentation pathway during infection of macrophages with @entity7081 . Collectively, the data support the possibility of incorporating FliC T cell epitopes into vaccination programs targeting both at-risk individuals in @entity6943 endemic regions as well as @entity1577 @entity1 .

title: CD4+ T Cell Epitopes of FliC Conserved between Strains of @entity7081 : Implications for Vaccines against @entity6942 and Cepacia Complex in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9180 :: ('87883', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia multivorans']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['fatal septicemia']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia pseudomallei', 'B. pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity7081 :: ('95486', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia', 'B. cenocepacia', 'Burkholderia cenocepacia']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['melioidosis']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['Cystic Fibrosis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to compare in an open trial the efficacy of 2 x 500 mg @entity4581 + 2 x 1000 mg @entity115 + 40 mg @entity10112 /day given for 7 days (I. group, 48 cases), with that of 2 x 500 mg @entity4581 + 2 x 400 mg @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 /day given for 14 days (II. group, 51 cases). The diagnosis of peptic ulcer was established endoscopically. HP infection was confirmed the modified Giemsa stain and rapid urease test. After eradication all @entity1 were given 2 x 150 mg @entity5616 for one month. Controls were performed 4-6 weeks after eradication. Peptic ulcer healing was proven in the group I in 93.0% and in the group II in 91.6% (p > 0.05). On intention-to-treat basis, HP was eradicated in 80.3% (confidence interval, CI: 73-92.7%) in the I. and 80.3% (confidence interval: 76-95%) in the II. group (p > 0.05). Per protocol analysis revealed eradication rates of 88.3% (CI: 81-97.6%) and 85.4% (CI: 80-97%) (p > 0.05). Side effects were recorded in 9.5% and 14.5% of the cases. Both regimens were equally effective in the eradication of HP and healing of peptic ulcers.

title: [Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved clinic based syndromic management of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) in Tanzania reduced @entity645 transmission. However, in many developing countries, @entity1 seek STD treatment in pharmacies. This study used standardised simulated @entity1 (SSP) to assess STD syndromic management in pharmacies and evaluate the impact of an educational intervention. METHODS: SSP presented @entity3389 , genital @entity4134 ( @entity4134 ) at 180 randomly selected pharmacies in Lima, Peru. These pharmacies were then randomised to receive or not receive education on STD recognition, management, and prevention counselling, and were again visited by SSP. RESULTS: At 360 pharmacy visits before the intervention, syndromes most often recognised as STD related were @entity1066 (81%) and urethral discharge (73%) in @entity1 , followed by vaginal discharge (43%) and @entity4134 (6%) in @entity1 . Treatments offered to 82.5% of SSP rarely conformed to international or national guidelines (for urethral discharge, 1.5%; @entity1066 , 1%; vaginal discharge, 4%; and @entity4134 , none). Only 20.5% of SSP were referred to a physician and 30% received any counselling. The intervention reached 55% of pharmacies, and produced a small but significant increase in counselling; by "intent to intervene" analysis, intervention pharmacies provided post-counselling more often than did controls (40% v 27%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Pharmacies usually failed to recognise @entity751 in @entity1 , and usually provided treatment, most often with ineffective regimens. Educational interventions improved counselling. More effective interventions are needed to improve STD recognition, treatment, and referral practices.

title: Syndromic management of XXXX in pharmacies: evaluation and randomised intervention trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['genital ulcer']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['STD syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'ulcer, vaginal discharge, and pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity3389 :: ('MESH:D019522', 'Disease') :: ['syndromes of urethral discharge']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['STDs']


abstract: Between 1980 and 1988, 91 @entity1 with @entity7145 were treated by surgical resection and selective postoperative therapy. Operative mortality was 2%. Pathologic stage was I in 4, II in 26, and III in 61. Actuarial 2- and 5-year survival was 24% and 8%. From 1987 to 1989, 16 @entity1 with @entity7145 were treated with two cycles of @entity1487 and @entity900 followed by surgical resection. There was 1 complete response (6%), 5 partial responses (31%), and 10 with no response (63%). Twelve @entity1 had resection. Pathologic stage was I in 1, II in 4, and III in 8. There was one chemotherapy-related @entity204 and one surgical @entity204 . Actuarial 4-year survival is 42%. From 1990 to 1993, 22 @entity1 with @entity7145 were treated with two cycles of @entity2879 , @entity632 , and @entity900 followed by surgical resection. There was 1 complete response (5%), 11 partial responses (50%), and 10 with no response (45%). Eighteen @entity1 had resection. Pathologic stage was 0 in 1, II in 8, and III in 9. There were no treatment-related @entity204 . The actuarial 2-year survival is 58%. Conclusions are necessarily limited because the @entity1 were not treated in a randomized fashion. These preliminary results with preoperative chemotherapy appear improved (p = 0.04 and p = 0.004, respectively) as compared with results from 1980 to 1988 without preoperative chemotherapy.

title: Evolution of treatment strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity7145 :: ('MESH:C562730', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus']

answer: @entity7145 :: (MESH:C562730,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction']


abstract: Intrathecal @entity6882 administration can provide surgical anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia for about two to six hours. We have observed two cases of @entity1576 associated with @entity6882 spinal anaesthesia. An 81-yr-old @entity1 received 50 mg intrathecal @entity6882 for @entity169 . Supplemental @entity26 was administered at 3 L. @entity1009 by nasal prongs. About 40 min later, the @entity1 's @entity26 saturation decreased from 97% to 87% and she was asked to take big breaths. She responded immediately and @entity26 saturation returned to 97%. Two more similar episodes followed in the next five minutes. @entity1510 0.1 mg iv was administered and the @entity26 saturation remained at 96-97% until completion of surgery about 15 min later. She had an uneventful recovery. A 24-yr-old healthy @entity1 presented for tubal ligation eight hours after vaginal delivery of an @entity1 . The surgical procedure was performed under spinal anaesthesia produced by 50 mg @entity6882 . During surgery, @entity1363 2 mg iv was given for anxiolysis. About five minutes after admission to the postanaesthesia care unit, the @entity1 's respiratory rate decreased to ten breaths per minute and @entity26 saturation decreased to 89%. Supplemental @entity26 at 3 L. @entity1009 was administered by nasal prongs. The @entity1 was encouraged to take big breaths and the arterial @entity26 saturation rapidly increased to 98-99%. Forty minutes later, nasal @entity26 was discontinued. The @entity1 maintained her @entity26 saturation while breathing room air. She was then discharged to the ward and had an uneventful recovery course. We recommend that a @entity1 's respiratory variables and oxygenation be closely monitored for at least one hour after intrathecal @entity6882 administration.

title: @entity1576 associated with XXXX spinal anaesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity6882 :: (MESH:D008614,Chemical) :: ['meperidine']