abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate changes in renal function after retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with @entity8 induced by ice-slush cooling. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 undergoing retroperitoneal LPN with @entity8 were included. Perioperative outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. The total renal function was evaluated by an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in 69 @entity1 . @entity177 ( @entity177 ) was also evaluated by @entity38817 scintigraphy preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in 61 @entity1 . RESULTS: The median operative time was 246 minutes (range, 155-424). The median cold @entity63 time, including the initial 15 minutes of @entity2332 , was 57 minutes (range, 34-112). In the 21 @entity1 whose renal temperature was monitored, median lowest renal temperature was 20.7  C (range, 12.1-27.6). The median baseline eGFR and 6-month postoperative eGFR were 77.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range, 36.1-121.3) and 68.3 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range, 33.2-103.4), and the median baseline @entity177 and 6-month postoperative @entity177 of the affected kidney were 49.3% (range, 40.3-57.6) and 40.7% (range, 13.8-54.5). Using multivariate analysis, the baseline eGFR (p<0.0001) and the @entity63 time (p=0.0073) were associated with the 6-month postoperative eGFR, and the 6-month postoperative @entity177 was only associated with a baseline @entity177 (p=0.0185). CONCLUSIONS: Ice-slush cooling could provide @entity8 also under LPN. The decrease in renal function was small, whereas our @entity63 time was longer than experts' warm @entity63 series. These observations suggested the protective effect of our cooling methods against @entity63 .

title: XXXX with ice slush in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy: the outcome of renal function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Split renal function', 'SRF']

entities_list: @entity38817 :: ('MESH:D017263', 'Chemical') :: ['99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal hypothermia']


abstract: @entity22658 and orexin-B are neuropeptides controlling sleep-wakefulness, feeding and neuroendocrine functions via their G protein-coupled receptors, orexin-1R and orexin-2R. They are synthesized in the lateral hypothalamus and project throughout the brain. Orexins and orexin receptors have also been described outside the brain. Previously we demonstrated the presence of both receptors in the ovary, their increased expression during proestrous afternoon and the @entity734 on the gonadotropins. Here we studied the effects of orexins on the mRNA expression of both receptors, by quantitative real-time PCR, on luteal cells from superovulated @entity35 ovaries and granulosa cells from @entity4742 -treated @entity35 ovaries. Effects on @entity1420 secretion were also measured. In luteal cells, 1 nM of either @entity22658 or orexin-B decreased @entity1420 secretion. @entity22658 treatment increased expression of both orexin-1R and orexin-2R mRNA. The effect on orexin-1R mRNA expression was abolished by an orexin-1R selective receptor antagonist @entity23908 and the effect on orexin-2R mRNA expression was abolished by a selective orexin-2R antagonist @entity43742 . Orexin-B did not modify orexin-1R mRNA expression, but increased orexin-2R mRNA expression. The effect of orexin-B on orexin-2R was abolished by a selective orexin-2R antagonist. Neither the expression of orexin receptors nor @entity1420 secretions by granulosa cells were affected by orexins. FSH, as positive control, increased both @entity134 hormones secretion, but did not induce the expression of OX receptors in granulosa cells isolated from late preantral/early antral follicles. Finally in ovaries obtained immediately after sacrifice, the expression of orexin-1R and orexin-2R was higher in superovulated @entity35 ovaries compared to control or @entity4742 treated @entity35 ovaries. A selective presence and function of both orexinergic receptors in luteal and granulosa cells is described, suggesting that the orexinergic system may have a functional role in the ovary.

title: Effects of orexins A and B on expression of orexin receptors and XXXX release in luteal and granulosa ovarian cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: Coxsackie B viruses are members of the family Picornaviridae which have been associated by retrospective serology with a range of @entity121 , particularly @entity2401 , @entity384 and @entity6696 ( @entity6696 or @entity6696 ). It has been proposed that virus-induced @entity2401 disposes to the development of @entity1000 . However, despite many attempts, isolation of infectious virus or immunofluorescent detection of virus-specific antigens in the affected tissue is rare, although virus may be found in faeces early in @entity281 . This discrepancy awaited the development of nucleic acid probes to resolve the problem of whether virus was present consistently in myocardium or other muscle tissues. We report here the synthesis of Coxsackie @entity22421 -specific complementary DNA (cDNA) probes and their use in molecular hybridizations to quantitative slot-blots of RNA prepared from either endomyocardial or skeletal muscle biopsy specimens. Of 50 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity2401 or @entity384 , 28 (56%) had an endomyocardial biopsy specimen positive for the presence of Coxsackie @entity22421 -specific RNA. Twenty-two @entity1 with other @entity299 of known aetiology, unrelated to @entity778 , were all negative. Multiple biopsies were obtained from 20 @entity1 with @entity2401 or @entity384 and 15 of these (75%) had at least one biopsy specimen positive, indicating the focal nature of the disease. In analogous investigations, Coxsackie @entity22421 -specific RNA was detected in four out of seven single skeletal muscle biopsy specimens from @entity1 suffering from @entity8817 , and one out of two @entity1 with adult @entity6558 . Ten muscle controls, either normal or @entity1555 , were negative for virus RNA.

title: The role of Coxsackie B viruses in the pathogenesis of XXXX , @entity384 and inflammatory muscle disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus infection']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity6696 :: ('MESH:D011000', 'Disease') :: ['Bornholm disease', 'epidemic pleurodynia', 'epidemic myalgia']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle diseases']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic interpretation of traditional ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) planar images with that of planar-like images reprojected from single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) data sets. METHODS: Retrospective data from @entity1 who had undergone both planar and SPECT imaging were used to generate anonymized reprojected planar images, which were compared with traditional planar V/Q images. Two consultants interpreted both sets of images for 81 @entity1 following a proforma. We assessed the agreement in the final diagnosis between the two imaging methods and between the two clinicians. We also compared the number, nature, and localization of defects, as well as image quality. Finally, we compared the diagnosis made using planar methods with the original diagnosis made using SPECT. RESULTS: There was excellent agreement in diagnosis both between the two planar methods (k=0.93) and between the two consultants (k=0.91). Similar numbers of defects were detected, with fewer matched defects being reported in the reprojected group by one of the clinicians. Localization of defects and image quality were similar for the two imaging methods. Six additional @entity1151 were diagnosed using SPECT data. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the performance of reprojected planars from SPECT V/Q was similar to that of traditional planars. These results have potential important implications for @entity1 workflow in busy nuclear medicine departments, as well as for @entity1 comfort.

title: Planar images reprojected from SPECT V/Q data perform similarly to traditional planar V/Q scans in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolisms']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: @entity43 is the fifth leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 . The incidence of this malignancy increases in @entity1 over the age of 40. The overall five years survival is less than 30%, as most @entity1 present with advanced stage disease. Until recently, detection of early stage @entity43 has been difficult since it is usually nonpalpable and asymptomatic. The definitive diagnosis of an ovarian mass is a common problem in gynecologic @entity1 with @entity4134 . The routine standard evaluation for @entity4134 includes @entity1 's history, physical examination, ultrasound and histopathological examination. These parameters individually or in combination have little predictive value. The accuracy of diagnostic tools are of immense value and great concern to practicsing Gynecologists and Oncologists. The clinical application of serum concentration of @entity10224 , AFP and hCG is of great help not only as diagnostic aid but also in monitoring efficacy of any treatment modality like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgical resection. Additionally, evaluation of @entity5 marker concentration helps in predicting early biochemical recurrence and in prognostication in different types of @entity43 . The ability to differentiate a malignant mass from a benign pelvic mass pretherapeutically could be enhanced optimally by additional use of @entity5 markers such as cancer antigen CA-125, alphafetoprotein and @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin in pre-and postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Application of @entity5 markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'ovarian malignancies', 'Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass', 'adnexal masses']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormal haemoglobin variants (HbSS,AS,AC,SC,etc) have been known to be common among blacks. @entity1 with @entity3458 are often faced with the risk of alloimmunization from allogeneic blood transfusion. OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to sample students population of African descents for the purpose of updating information on the prevalence of abnormal haemoglobin variants, @entity6910 , and Rh blood groups and compare the results with previously published data. METHODS: Standard electrophoretic and haemagglutination techniques were employed in testing the blood samples. RESULTS: Of the 620 students screened, 80.32% were HbAA and 19.68% HbAS. 22.9% were of blood group A, 17.10% group B, 4.84% group AB and 55.16% group O. 96.77% were Rh.D positive while 3.23% were Rh D negative. Sickle cell gene in homozygous state (HbSS) and other abnormal haemoglobin variants were not encountered in this students population,. Analysis of the students population revealed that 454(73.23%) were females while 166(26.77%) were males. @entity1 of the age group 26-30 years (35.7%) constituted the majority and in this age group, all blood groups were represented. CONCLUSION: There is a gradual decline in the prevalence of abnormal haemoglobin variants in our black population. The frequencies of @entity6910 and Rh blood groups however appeared to be stable and consistent with previous published data.

title: Abnormal haemoglobin variants, XXXX and Rh blood groups among student of African descent in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity6910 :: (28,Gene) :: ['ABO']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Considerable efforts have been made throughout the last 20 years to develop drugs that can replace tricyclic antidepressants as the primary treatment for @entity308 . These efforts are well justified since tricyclic antidepressants, although therapeutically quite efficient, cause several problems, such as side effects and @entity137 at therapeutic doses, causing particular problems in the elderly and in @entity1 with @entity299 , and giving severe @entity137 when taken in @entity1445 . A number of compounds that are pharmacodynamically different from the tricyclics have been developed, and Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors are such. This group of antidepressives has been developed and widely marked as antidepressant therapy which offers safety and tolerability advantages over tricyclics. Tricyclic antidepressants have been the standard drug treatment for @entity308 , against which the efficacy of new compounds is compared in this investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 female inpatients were examined. All @entity1 had to fulfill the inclusion criteria for moderate @entity308 , according to International Classification of Diseases. The primary efficacy parameters in the study were the changes from baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity308 with 19 items, total score at endpoint. @entity1 were evaluated weekly for efficacy and adverse events. Clinicians also rated @entity1 on the Hamilton Rating Scale for @entity148 . In statistical analysis X and T test were used. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between two groups of @entity1 in response to tricyclic antidepressants and selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors show less adverse effects compared to tricyclics, so they appeared to be better tolerated. CONCLUSION: The traditional and new antidepressive drugs appeared to be equally effective in the treatment of moderate @entity308 , but new drugs: Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors show less adverse effects, compared to the traditional, tricyclic antidepressants.

title: [Comparison of the efficacy of traditional antidepressive agents and the new generation of antidepressives in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive disorders', 'depressive illness', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive disorders']


abstract: Mitochondrial 12S rRNA @entity14505 mutation has been associated with both @entity4028 -induced and @entity3491 . In this report, we performed a clinical and genetic evaluation, and mitochondrial genome analysis of one @entity393 Chinese family carrying the @entity14505 mutation. Strikingly, the penetrances of @entity393 in this family, which were 81% and 66.7%, respectively, when @entity4028 -induced @entity393 was included or excluded. The penetrances of @entity393 in this family were significantly higher than those in other Chinese families carrying the @entity14505 mutation. Sequence analysis of their mitochondrial genomes revealed the presence of homoplasmic tRNAIle @entity41611 mutations and 38 mtDNA polymorphisms belonging to East-Asian haplogroup B4c1b2. Further analysis revealed that other mitochondrial DNA variants were not functional significantly, while the @entity41611 mutation is localized to a highly conserved @entity377 (conventional site 59) at tRNAIle T  C loop of tRNAIle. The mutation may alter secondary structure and function of this tRNA, thereby leading to @entity2383 . Allelic analysis showed that this mutation was absent in 961 hearing normal Chinese controls. Thus, the altered tRNAIle metabolism by the @entity41611 mutation may aggravate @entity2383 associated with the @entity14505 mutation, and contribute to the higher penetrance of @entity393 . Therefore, the tRNAIle @entity41611 mutation may act as a mitochondrial modifier to influence the phenotypic manifestation of the @entity14505 mutation.

title: [Mitochondrial tRNAIle XXXX mutation may influence the phenotypic manifestation of deafness-associated 12S rRNA @entity14505 mutation].

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing-impaired']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity41611 :: (c|SUB|A|4317|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A4317G']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible mechanisms of growth impairment in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Eighteen prepubertal @entity1 with @entity309 and @entity851 received recombinant @entity1 @entity2124 year. Growth hormone profiles over 24 hours were obtained before treatment in 12 @entity1 ; the levels did not differ from those in "short normal" @entity1 . Levels of @entity442 ( @entity442 ), @entity33855 , insulin, osteocalcin, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), as well as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured serially. Pretreatment levels were compared with control levels. RESULTS: In @entity309 @entity1 , @entity442 , @entity2301 , and osteocalcin levels were significantly lower and insulin levels significantly higher than those in controls, but there was no significant difference in the level of @entity10116 . With rHuGH treatment, height velocity and mean levels of @entity442 , osteocalcin, and insulin increased significantly, while mean levels of @entity10116 fell significantly. Levels of @entity2301 correlated with those of @entity442 . The height velocity correlated positively with @entity442 and osteocalcin, and negatively with @entity10116 . Levels of @entity10116 were inversely related to those of insulin and @entity442 . There was a significant negative correlation between the @entity1851 and height velocity, @entity442 level, and osteocalcin level. CONCLUSION: @entity442 production is impaired in @entity1 with active @entity309 . Treatment with a therapeutic dose of rHuGH can rectify the @entity442 deficiency within 4 days, but its effect is adversely influenced by the acute-phase response, as reflected by an elevated @entity1851 level.

title: XXXX . Effects of disease activity and recombinant @entity1 @entity33855 , and osteocalcin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity33855 :: ('3484;3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 1 and 3']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone (rHuGH) for 1']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions have characteristics that suggest involvement of the immune system. In particular, @entity910 which is an @entity792 , must be immune-mediated. A major @entity1442 for the first step in the mechanism of drug-induced @entity792 is that the drug, or more commonly a reactive metabolite of the drug, must irreversibly bind to some structure. In view of the reactive nature of these metabolites, in most cases it is likely that the metabolite must be formed in the organ where @entity137 occurs. The liver is the major site of drug metabolism and it is a common target for @entity137 . In the case of immune reactions directly involving leukocytes, the enzyme system most likely responsible for the formation of reactive metabolites is the @entity1110 oxidase/ @entity3335 system found in neutrophils and monocytes. In some cases, the reactive metabolite results in the production of antibodies or T-cells directed against the altered structure. However, in many other cases, the mechanism appears to be more complex than this. In some cases, true auto-antibodies are produced that do not require the presence of the drug, and furthermore, the antibodies produced often are the same as those induced by other stimuli, such as viruses. This suggests either molecular mimicry or a common alteration in the processing and presentation of antigens such that cryptic antigens are presented. Another possibility is that the reactive metabolite directly alters the class II MHC molecule leading to a graft-vs-host reaction.

title: Current trends in drug-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'idiosyncratic drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['drug-induced lupus']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['working hypothesis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: This retrospective study aims to determine if a relationship exists between serum @entity14257 level and the diagnosis of biochemical or radiological rickets in @entity1 with @entity158 , muscle fatigue or varus/valgus knees. A retrospective biochemistry database and case note study was undertaken on 115 new @entity1 referred to the senior authors' elective Paediatric Orthopaedic Clinic in 2010. Their mean age was 10.95 years (95% CI 10.24-11.68). Mean serum @entity560 was 18.27 mcg/l (95% CI 16.13-20.41), while 30 mcg/l is the normal threshold. One hundred and three @entity1 (88%) had @entity560 levels below normal. Winter/springtime blood samples were more likely to be deficient and this was statistically significant. Three Asian females (2.61%) were diagnosed with radiological rickets. @entity560 levels below normal are common in @entity1 presenting with @entity615 , but this rarely presents with biochemical or radiological rickets. Serum @entity560 level is not a suitable screening tool for biochemical or radiological rickets. @entity560 requirement in @entity1 is unclear and requires further study.

title: XXXX : a poor screening tool for biochemical and radiological rickets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['vague limb or back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone and joint pain']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cannabis is a commonly used drug and studies have shown that a significant portion of the variation in @entity835 ( @entity835 ) is heritable. Five genes known to play a role in the endocannabinoid system and @entity835 were examined in a community sample of young adult Mexican Americans (MAs): CNR1, MGLL, FAAH, DAGLA, and DAGLB. METHODS: Gene-based tests were run to test for association between each gene and two @entity4987 @entity835 phenotypes. Subsequent linear regressions were run in PLINK using an additive model to determine which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were driving the association. RESULTS: FAAH was significantly associated with @entity4987 @entity835 use disorder group count ( @entity4987 CUD) using a gene-based test (p=0.0035). This association survived Bonferroni correction for multiple testing at p<0.004. Post hoc analyses suggested this association was driven by two common (minor allele frequency >5%) SNPs in moderate linkage disequilibrium, @entity36597 and @entity36598 , at p=0.0014 and p=0.0023, respectively. In both cases the minor allele increased risk for @entity4987 CUD. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic variation in FAAH was associated with @entity4987 CUD in MAs. This association was primarily driven by the missense SNP @entity36597 . In vitro work has provided evidence that the risk allele generates an enzyme with decreased expression and cellular stability. Although this SNP has been previously associated with substance use in the literature, this is the first association in a young adult MA sample.

title: Genetic variation in FAAH is associated with XXXX in a young adult sample of Mexican Americans.

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'CUDs', 'cannabis use disorders']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['cannabis use disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated blood @entity413 levels in the postoperative period are associated with an increased risk of @entity2737 in @entity6 individuals undergoing open heart operations at Providence St. Vincent Hospital. METHODS: Of 8,910 @entity1 who underwent cardiac operations between 1987 and 1993, 1,585 (18%) were @entity6 . The rate of @entity2737 in @entity6 @entity1 was 1.7%, versus 0.4% for nondiabetics. Nine hundred ninety @entity1 had their operation before implementation of the protocol and 595 after implementation. Charts of all @entity6 @entity1 were reviewed. Mean blood @entity413 levels were calculated from documented results of finger-stick glucometer testing. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity6 @entity1 suffered 35 @entity2737 : 27 sternal (1.7%) and eight at the donor site (0.5%). Infected @entity6 @entity1 had a higher mean blood @entity413 level through the first 2 postoperative days than noninfected @entity1 (208 +/- 7.1 versus 190 +/- 0.8 mg/dL; p < 0.003) and had a greater body mass index (31.5 +/- 1.4 versus 28.6 +/- 0.1 kg/m2; p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression showed that mean blood @entity413 level for the first 2 days (p = 0.002), @entity28 (p < 0.002), and use of the internal mammary artery (p < 0.02) were all independent predictors of @entity2737 . Institution of a protocol of postoperative continuous intravenous insulin to maintain blood @entity413 level less than 200 mg/dL was begun in September 1991. This protocol resulted in a decrease in blood @entity413 levels for the first 2 postoperative days and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of @entity1 with @entity2737 , from 2.4% (24/990) to 1.5% (9/595) (p < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity2737 in @entity6 @entity1 was reduced after implementation of a protocol to maintain mean blood @entity413 level less than 200 mg/dL in the immediate postoperative period.

title: XXXX control lowers the risk of wound infection in @entity6 after open heart operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep wound infection', 'deep sternal wound infections', 'deep wound infections']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine which @entity4064 aids could be useful to @entity1 with @entity6391 and also the benefits that the rehabilitation program could provide based on visual acuity and/or daily visual tasks. METHODS: A group of 30 @entity1 with @entity6391 aged from 7 to 73 years were enrolled in this study. Visual acuity and visual function tests (visual field, full-field electroretinogram) was performed and @entity4064 aids tested. Information about the use of the remaining vision was obtained. After choosing the best optical or electronic devices and before their prescription, a @entity4064 training program was carried out. RESULTS: The best corrected visual acuity varied from HM (hand movements) to 20/40 for distance and visual acuity better than 16M to 0.5M for near. 90% of the @entity1 had optical devices prescribed: 13 for near, 9 for distance, 2 electronic devices and 3 filters. Three @entity1 with @entity227 were referred to orientation and mobility. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity4064 aids were useful for the @entity6391 @entity1 : telescopes, hand-held magnifiers, stand magnifiers, half-eye base-in prism lenses, electronic devices and illumination control were beneficial to enhance visual acuity and visual efficiency. The prescription of @entity4064 aids was helpful in daily-life activities and a high level of satisfaction with the implemented visual rehabilitation program was reported.

title: [Visual rehabilitation in XXXX with @entity6391 ].

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['extremely narrow visual field and very low visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Though endomyocardial biopsy has remained the gold standard for diagnosing @entity299 ( @entity299 ), this invasive method does not provide adequate means for close monitoring of the rejection process. In order to assess the usefulness of M-Mode- and two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography for the noninvasive diagnosis of @entity299 in heart transplant recipients on cyclosporin, 45 @entity1 (mean age 40.6 +/- 8.8 years, 19.9 +/- 14.4 months postoperatively) were evaluated prospectively. Mean observation time was 9.1 +/- 4.8 months. Echocardiographic examination techniques were strictly standardized; besides measurements of left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) diastolic wall thickness and of the isovolumic relaxation time, computerized frame-by-frame-analysis was applied to LV short axis cross sections for the determination of diastolic cavity cross-sectional area and extent and mean velocity of systolic and diastolic area change. To account for technical and biological variability, 95%-confidence limits were calculated for each parameter from two rejection-free examinations, allowing identification of significant changes during @entity299 . In this study, 36 biopsy-proven @entity299 occurred in 19 @entity1 . Compared to control values, mean heart rate increased from 86.2 +/- 10.2 to 94.6 +/- 15.1 b/min (p less than 0.05), diastolic septal + posterior wall thickness from 21.2 +/- 4.1 to 24.9 +/- 6.2 mm (p less than 0.001) and RV free wall thickness from 6.3 +/- 1.1 to 8.9 +/- 1.8 mm (p less than 0.001). Isovolumic relaxation time decreased from 73.2 +/- 14.4 to 54.8 +/- 16.6 ms (p less than 0.001), diastolic cross-sectional area from 12.8 +/- 2.0 to 11.1 +/- 2.2 cm2 (p less than 0.05), relative area change from 65.8 +/- 9.8 to 49.1 +/- 14.4% (p less than 0.001) and systolic and diastolic area change velocities from 28.1 +/- 7.8 and 41.8 +/- 8.5 cm2/s to 18.9 +/- 5.6 and 28.6 +/- 9.2 cm2/s, respectively (p less than 0.001). Though significant changes occurred during @entity299 , most measurements remained within the normal range. Thus, in individual @entity1 , @entity299 could only be suspected in comparison to the control measurements. None of the examined parameters allowed to establish the diagnosis of @entity299 in all instances. However, when the measurements of all parameters were considered together, 35 of the 36 @entity299 diagnosed by biopsy could also be identified by echocardiography, including all requiring intensified immunosuppressive therapy. Mild @entity299 was not always detected, and the differential diagnosis between @entity1184 and @entity299 required an endomyocardial biopsy in some instances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Echocardiographic diagnosis of acute graft rejection in heart transplant XXXX under cyclosporin therapy].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['acute cardiac rejection', 'AR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tegaserod relieves overall and multiple individual @entity1142 -predominant @entity1744 ( @entity5377 -C) symptoms. However, mechanisms for the relief of @entity490 /discomfort are not well understood. The effects of tegaserod on rectal sensitivity to distension were measured by the nociceptive flexion RIII reflex, as evidenced by spinal hyperexcitability (i.e. increase or facilitation of the RIII reflex), in @entity5377 -C @entity1 . A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study was performed in 30 @entity1 with @entity5377 -C. The effects of slow ramp rectal distension on the RIII reflex, recorded from the lower limb, were measured before [first experimental day (D1)] and after 7 days [day 8 (D8)] of placebo (n=15) or 6 mg tegaserod bid (n=15). Pressure-volume and sensation-volume relationships were measured during distension, and @entity1 reported their @entity5377 symptoms daily. On D1, rectal distension facilitated the RIII reflex in both treatment groups. On D8 vs D1 these facilitatory effects were significantly lower (P<0.001, analysis of variance) after tegaserod (mean reduction: -30.3+/-11.9%) than placebo (mean reduction: -10.1+/-12.9%). No significant changes in the volume-sensation relationship or differences in compliance were observed with tegaserod or placebo. In conclusion, tegaserod reduces the facilitatory effects of rectal distension on the RIII reflex in @entity1 with @entity5377 -C.

title: Sensory signalling effects of tegaserod in @entity1 with XXXX with @entity1142 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: Many environmental contaminants are known or suspected to interfere with hormonal function in animals. In vivo test methods to detect and characterize chemicals that disrupt the endocrine system are therefore urgently needed. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of abnormalities of the reproductive organs as test endpoints for estrogenic activity of xenobiotics in @entity5872 embryos. Two synthetic @entity172 , @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) and @entity2082 ( @entity7869 ), were injected into the yolks of embryonated eggs. At a dose as low as 2 ng @entity7869 /g egg, all male embryos became feminized, containing ovary-like tissue in the left testis. The extent of feminization of the testes was determined by measuring the relative @entity43 . Persistent M  llerian ducts (oviducts) in male embryos, and @entity600 of the M  llerian ducts in females occurred at 2 ng @entity7869 /g egg and higher doses. @entity4743 was approximately one-third to one-tenth as potent as @entity7869 . The morphological changes studied were dose-dependent, indicating that they are useful as test endpoints for estrogenic activity. Feminization of the left testis in males proved to be the most sensitive endpoint. We propose the quail egg as a simple in vivo test system for estrogenic compounds.

title: The avian egg as a test system for endocrine disrupters: effects of XXXX and @entity2082 on sex organ development.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['area of the ovary-like component']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethynylestradiol']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: Electrolytic lesions of the @entity27202 ( @entity27202 ) produce deficits in both the acquisition and expression of conditional fear to contextual stimuli in @entity35 . To assess whether damage to @entity27202 neurons is responsible for these deficits, we performed three experiments to examine the effects of @entity2359 @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) lesions of the @entity27202 on the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning. Fear conditioning consisted of the delivery of signaled or unsignaled footshocks in a novel conditioning chamber and freezing served as the measure of conditional fear. In Experiment 1, posttraining @entity75 produced severe @entity51 in context fear when made either 1 or 28, but not 100, days following training. Pretraining @entity75 made 1 week before training did not affect contextual fear conditioning. Tone fear was impaired by @entity75 at all training-to-lesion intervals. In Experiment 2, posttraining (1 day), but not pretraining (1 week), @entity75 produced substantial deficits in context fear using an unsignaled shock procedure. In Experiment 3, pretraining electrolytic @entity75 produced @entity51 in context fear using the same signaled and unsignaled shock procedures used in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Electrolytic, but not @entity2359 , lesions also increased pre-shock locomotor activity. Collectively, this pattern of results reveals that neurons in the @entity27202 are not required for the acquisition of context fear, but have a critical and time-limited role in the expression of context fear. The normal acquisition and expression of context fear in @entity35 with @entity2359 lesions made before training may be mediated by conditioning to unimodal cues in the context, a process that may rely less on the hippocampal memory system.

title: XXXX of the @entity27202 and Pavlovian fear conditioning in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['DH lesions']

entities_list: @entity27202 :: ('MESH:C538109', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal hippocampus', 'DH']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['modest deficits', 'retrograde deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic', 'neurotoxic DH']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['Neurotoxic lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2318 following @entity130 and its accompanying aesthetic and functional sequelae still pose major challenges. @entity2805 ( @entity2805 ) can greatly impact @entity1 ' quality of life related to appearance, @entity158 , @entity111 and even loss of function of the injured body region. The identification of molecular events occurring in the evolution of the burn @entity2318 has increased our knowledge; however, this information has not yet translated into effective treatment modalities. Although many of the pathophysiologic pathways that bring about exaggerated scarring have been identified, certain nuances in burn @entity2318 formation are starting to be recognized. These include the effects of @entity13624 , mechanotransduction, and the unique interactions of burn wound fluid with fat tissue in the deeper dermal layers, all of which may influence scarring outcome. Tension on the @entity2318 , @entity111 , and @entity158 all induce signaling pathways that ultimately result in increased collagen formation and myofibroblast phenotypic changes. Exposure of the fat domes in the deep dermis is associated with increased @entity2805 , possibly on the basis of altered interaction of adipose-derived stem cells and the deep burn exudate. These pathophysiologic patterns related to stem cell-cytokine interactions, mechanotransduction, and @entity13624 can provide new avenues of exploration for possible therapeutic interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Current Concepts Related to XXXX in @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['healing scar', 'scar', 'Scarring']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophic scarring', 'HTS']

entities_list: @entity13624 :: ('MESH:D020078', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['burn injury']

answer: @entity2805 :: (MESH:D017439,Disease) :: ['Hypertrophic Scarring']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The BRM and @entity23423 @entity5 suppressor genes are mutually exclusive ATPase subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. The @entity1 @entity4304 SW13 cell line can switch between a subtype which expresses these subunits, SW13+, and one that expresses neither subunit, SW13-. Loss of BRM expression occurs post-transcriptionally and can be restored via histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition. However, most previously used HDAC inhibitors are toxic and broad-spectrum, providing little insight into the mechanism of the switch between subtypes. In this work, we explore the mechanisms of HDAC inhibition in promoting subtype switching and further characterize the oncogenic potential of the two epigenetically distinct SW13 subtypes. METHODS: SW13 subtype morphology, chemotaxis, growth rates, and gene expression were assessed by standard immunofluorescence, transwell, growth, and qPCR assays. Metastatic potential was measured by anchorage-independent growth and MMP activity. The efficacy of HDAC inhibitors in inducing subtype switching was determined by immunofluorescence and qPCR. Histone modifications were assessed by western blot. RESULTS: Treatment of SW13- cells with @entity17029 inhibitors most effectively promotes re-expression of BRM and VIM, characteristic of the SW13+ phenotype. During treatment, hyperacetylation of histone residues and hypertrimethylation of H3K4 is pronounced. Furthermore, histone modification enzymes, including HDACs and @entity6631 , are differentially expressed during treatment but several features of this differential expression pattern differs from that seen in the SW13- and SW13+ subtypes. As the SW13- subtype is more proliferative while the SW13+ subtype is more metastatic, treatment with HDACi increases the metastatic potential of SW13 cells while restoring expression of the BRM @entity5 suppressor. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to the SW13- subtype, SW13+ cells have restored BRM expression, increased metastatic capacity, and significantly different expression of a variety of chromatin remodeling factors including those involved with histone acetylation and methylation. These data are consistent with a multistep mechanism of SW13- to SW13+ conversion and subtype stabilization: histone hypermodification results in the altered expression of chromatin remodeling factors and chromatin epigenetic enzymes and the re-expression of BRM which results in restoration of SWI/SNF complex function and leads to changes in chromatin structure and gene expression that stabilize the SW13+ phenotype.

title: Epigenetically maintained SW13+ and SW13- subtypes have different oncogenic potential and convert with XXXX inhibition.

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinoma']

answer: @entity17029 :: (3065,Gene) :: ['HDAC1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the growing number of therapeutic methods and the recent introduction of new drugs more active in the therapeutic arsenal, lesions of the ano-perineal @entity30 remains difficult to support. Hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) was made before the era of infliximab, an interesting therapeutic approach in which the current position remains unclear. AIM: To assess HBO efficacy in the treatment of @entity9292 refractory @entity30 . METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy was used in the 90's when the biotherapy was not part of the armamentarium for @entity30 . Research conducted has identified only nine publications evaluating the efficacy of hyperbaric @entity26 therapy in the treatment of @entity9292 refractory @entity30 . Among the nine publications, we have retained only four: two clinical trials and two clinical cases. The total number of @entity1 was 22: 12 @entity1 and 10 @entity1 . The average age of @entity1 was 37 years. The average number of session was 42 sessions. Remission was observed in 15 @entity1 (68.18%) whereas with Infliximab rate is 66%. Adverse events were observed in 2 @entity1 (16.6%). Indeed, instead of considering them as two different alternatives, it should be combined to obtain a synergy to increase response rates, shorten the healing and especially to decrease the recurrence rate. CONCLUSION: Only a prospective randomized controlled trial (with two arms: biotherapy versus biotherapy associated with hyperbaric @entity26 therapy) could accommodate this technique in the armamentarium of perineal lesions of @entity30 .

title: [Hyperbaric XXXX in the treatment of perineal @entity30 : a renewal interest?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['anal fistulas']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: This multicenter phase II trial was performed to determine @entity5 efficacy and tolerance of the oral @entity902 drug @entity23290 in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with @entity151 limited disease unfit for intensive chemotherapy or those with extensive disease received @entity23290 120 mg/m(2)/d for 5 consecutive days every 3 weeks. Individual dose escalation to 140 mg/m(2)/d was allowed if @entity137 was </= grade 2 according to the National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria. @entity5 response was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 were assessable for @entity137 and 26 for @entity5 response. Eighty-eight cycles were administered. Common @entity137 Criteria grade 3 and 4 hematologic @entity137 were @entity1398 in 15.9% and 3.7%, @entity2905 in 47.6% and 17.1%, and @entity882 in 19.5% and 10.3% of cycles, respectively. One @entity1 suffered from @entity221 . @entity390 , @entity391 , and @entity294 were the most common nonhematologic @entity137 . Except for grade 4 @entity294 in one @entity1 , no grade 4 nonhematologic @entity137 was observed. No severe @entity2359 or nephrotoxicity was observed. @entity5 response rate was 10 of 26 (38%; 95% confidence interval, 19% to 58%), excluding five unconfirmed partial responses. No complete responses were observed. Median overall time to progression was 110 days (range, 5 to 624 days). Median overall survival time was 210 days (range, 5 to 624 days). CONCLUSION: Oral @entity23290 is active in previously untreated @entity1 with @entity151 and shows mild @entity137 .

title: Phase II study of oral @entity902 drug @entity23290 as first-line treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify significant predictive factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) after liver resection for @entity694 @entity3 , with special focus on features of the primary @entity694 , such as lymph node ratio (LNR), vascular invasion, and perineural invasion. METHODS: @entity1 operated for @entity694 liver @entity3 between 2006 and 2014 were included. Details on @entity1 characteristics, the primary @entity694 operation and metastatic disease were collected. Multivariate analysis was performed to select predictive variables for @entity1349 and DFS. RESULTS: Median @entity1349 and DFS were 67 and 20 months, respectively. 1-, 3- and 5-year @entity1349 were 97, 76, and 52%. 1-, 3- and 5-year DFS were 65, 42, and 37%. Multivariate analysis showed LNR to be an independent predictive factor for DFS but not for @entity1349 . Other identified predictive factors were vascular and perineural invasion of the primary @entity694 , size of the largest @entity3 and severe complications after liver surgery for @entity1349 , and perineural invasion, number of liver @entity3 and preoperative @entity787 -level for DFS. Traditional N-stage was also considered to be an independent predictive factor for DFS in a separate multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: LNR and perineural invasion of the primary @entity694 can be used as a prognostic variable for DFS after a concomitant liver resection for @entity694 @entity3 . Vascular and perineural invasion of the primary @entity694 are predictive for @entity1349 .

title: Pattern of tumour growth of the primary @entity694 predicts long-term outcome after resection of liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breastfed @entity1 rely on maternal @entity1496 for thyroid hormone production required for neurodevelopment. Dietary @entity1496 among @entity1 of childbearing age in the United States may be insufficient. @entity13756 (competitive inhibitor of the @entity1372 / @entity6893 symporter [NIS]) exposure is ubiquitous. @entity8875 , from cigarettes and diet, is a weaker NIS inhibitor. Environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures could decrease breast milk @entity1496 by competitively inhibiting NIS in lactating breasts (thus impairing @entity1 ' @entity1496 availability), and/or @entity1 ' thyroidal NIS to directly decrease @entity1 thyroid function. The current study assessed the relationships between environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures and infant serum thyroid function. METHODS: @entity1496 , @entity13756 , and @entity8875 in breast milk, maternal and @entity1 urine, and infant serum thyroid function tests were cross-sectionally measured in Boston-area @entity1 and their 1-3 month-old breastfed @entity1 . Univariate and multivariable analyses assessed relationships between @entity1496 , @entity13756 , @entity8875 , thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free @entity1955 (FT4) levels. RESULTS: In 64 mothers and @entity1 , median (range) @entity1496 levels were 45.6    g/L (4.3-1080) in breast milk, 101.9    g/L (27-570) in maternal urine, and 197.5    g/L (40-785) in @entity1 urine. Median @entity13756 concentrations were 4.4    g/L (0.5-29.5) in breast milk, 3.1    g/L (0.2-22.4) in maternal urine, and 4.7    g/L (0.3-25.3) in @entity1 urine. There were no correlations between @entity1 TSH or FT4 and @entity1496 , @entity13756 , and @entity8875 levels in breast milk, maternal urine, and @entity1 urine. In multivariable analyses, @entity13756 and @entity8875 levels in breast milk, maternal urine, and @entity1 urine were not significant predictors of @entity1 TSH or FT4. CONCLUSIONS: Boston-area mothers and their breastfed @entity1 are generally @entity1496 sufficient. Although environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 are ubiquitous, these results do not support the concern that maternal and @entity1 environmental @entity13756 and @entity8875 exposures affect @entity1 thyroid function.

title: Environmental @entity13756 and XXXX exposures and infant serum thyroid function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity8875 :: ('MESH:C031760', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiocyanate', 'thiocyanate']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity13756 :: ('MESH:C494474', 'Chemical') :: ['perchlorate', 'Perchlorate']

answer: @entity8875 :: (MESH:C031760,Chemical) :: ['thiocyanate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The efficacy of a variety of noninvasive, conservative management techniques for calcific @entity924 has been investigated and established for improving @entity158 and function and/or facilitating a decrease in the size or presence of @entity460 deposits. Surprisingly, few have reported on the use of traditional therapeutic exercise and rehabilitation alone in the management of this condition, given the often spontaneous resorptive nature of @entity460 deposits. The purpose of this case is to present the results of a conservative approach, including therapeutic exercise, for the management of calcific @entity924 of the supraspinatus, with an emphasis on @entity1 outcomes. CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity1 was a self-referred 41-y-old @entity1 with complaints of acute right-shoulder @entity158 and @entity25 . Imaging studies revealed liquefied @entity460 deposits in the right supraspinatus. The @entity1 reported constant @entity158 at rest (9/10) and tenderness in the area of the greater tuberosity. He exhibited a decrease in all shoulder motions and had reduced strength. The simple shoulder test (SST) revealed limited function (0/12). Conservative management included superficial modalities and medication for @entity158 and a regimen of scapulothoracic and glenohumeral range-of-motion (ROM) and strengthening exercises. OUTCOMES: At discharge, @entity158 levels decreased to 0/10 and SST scores increased to 12/12. ROM was full in all planes, and resisted motion was strong and @entity158 free. The @entity1 was able to engage in endurance activities and continue practicing as a health care provider. DISCUSSION: The outcomes with respect to @entity158 , function, and @entity1 satisfaction provide evidence to support the use of conservative therapeutic interventions when managing @entity1 with acute cases of calcific @entity924 . Successful management of calcific @entity924 requires attention to outcomes and an understanding of the pathophysiology, prognostic factors, and physical interventions based on the current stage of the @entity460 deposits and the @entity1 's status in the healing continuum.

title: Presentation and conservative management of acute calcific XXXX : a case study and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty sleeping']

answer: @entity924 :: (MESH:D052256,Disease) :: ['tendinopathy']


abstract: Recently, a new oral liver-specific @entity921 -based MR agent ( @entity37459 ) has been introduced. This contrast medium is delivered to the liver in high concentrations in the portal vein and very low doses in the hepatic artery, as only small amounts of @entity921 enter the general circulation. It is taken up by the hepatocytes and excreted in the bile. Our initial experience with the new MR contrast medium in a variety of @entity1 is reported. A total of 20 @entity1 (11 males and 9 females) were studied with MR imaging 2 h after oral ingestion of the contrast agent. Sixteen @entity1 were referred for evaluation of focal @entity409 (s), whereas in the remaining four @entity1 , evaluation of the biliary tract was requested. In the 17 @entity1 without @entity253 , there was an increased signal intensity of the @entity409 , whereas in the three @entity1 with @entity253 , the uptake was delayed. There was excellent visualization of the biliary system on the T1-weighted images in the 16 @entity1 without @entity253 referred for evaluation of a focal @entity409 . In seven @entity1 , the uptake was patchy. In @entity1 with focal @entity409 or biliary tract diseases, it is possible to increase the signal intensity of the @entity409 after the oral intake of @entity37459 . In @entity1 without @entity253 , the biliary system is easily visualized. Oral @entity921 seems to be useful in hepatobiliary MRI. Further research is strongly warranted.

title: Initial clinical experience with oral @entity921 ( XXXX ) for liver MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'liver lesions', 'liver lesion']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction', 'biliary tract obstruction']

answer: @entity37459 :: (MESH:C504368,Chemical) :: ['CMC-001']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The course of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) is characterized by variable patterns of disease progression. The red cell distribution width (RDW) is a parameter that is routinely reported with all CBC counts. We sought to test the prognostic usefulness of this parameter in a well-defined cohort of @entity1 with @entity2416 . METHODS: CBCs, demographics, and pulmonary function data from @entity1 with @entity2416 evaluated between January 1997 and June 2011 were collated. @entity1 outcomes were ascertained from the program's database and the Social Security Death Index. RESULTS: There were 319 @entity1 with @entity2416 evaluated in whom baseline CBCs were available. The range in the RDW was 11.9 to 21.9 (median 14.1). There were 228 subjects with RDW values  <= 15 (normal) and 91 @entity1 with RDW values > 15. @entity1 with normal RDW values had a median survival of 43.1 months compared with 16.3 months for those whose RDW was > 15 (P = .001). There were 198 @entity1 with available serial RDW data. Those @entity1 who had a change in the RDW of less or greater than +0.010/mo had median survivals of 43.0 and 23.9 months, respectively (P = .0246). CONCLUSIONS: The RDW is a readily available laboratory test result that may provide important, independent prognostic information at baseline and follow-up in @entity1 with @entity2416 . Further studies are warranted to validate this as a biomarker for @entity2416 outcomes, as well as to define the biologic basis for this association.

title: The red cell distribution width as a prognostic indicator in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: Considerable progress in research and clinical application has been made since the original guidelines for managing @entity33 in @entity5 @entity1 were published in 2004, and the first active drug for the prevention and treatment of this condition has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and other regulatory agencies in Europe and Australia. These changes necessitate an updated review of the literature and guidelines. Panel members reviewed the biomedical literature on @entity33 published in English between January 2002 and May 2005 and reached a consensus based on the criteria of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Changes in the guidelines included recommendations for the use of @entity22779 for @entity3136 associated with stem cell transplantation, @entity8503 for @entity1161 , and cryotherapy for @entity33 associated with high-dose melphalan. Recommendations against specific practices were introduced: Systemic @entity1160 was not recommended for the prevention of @entity344 , and @entity5418 and antimicrobial lozenges were not recommended for radiation-induced @entity3136 . Furthermore, new guidelines suggested that @entity2841 mouthwashes not be used for @entity3136 prevention in the transplantation population. Advances in @entity33 treatment and research have been complemented by an increased rate of publication on @entity3137 in @entity5 . However, additional and sustained efforts will be required to gain a fuller understanding of the pathobiology, impact on overall @entity1 status, optimal therapeutic strategies, and improved educational programs for health professionals, @entity1 , and caregivers. These efforts are likely to have significant clinical and economic impact on the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . @entity5 2007;109:820-31. (c) 2007 American @entity5 Society.

title: Updated clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity22779 :: ('MESH:D051523', 'Chemical') :: ['palifermin']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity8503 :: ('MESH:D004999', 'Chemical') :: ['amifostine']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation proctitis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5418 :: ('MESH:D013392', 'Chemical') :: ['sucralfate']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

answer: @entity33 :: (MESH:D052016,Disease) :: ['mucositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacies of @entity40628 and @entity2176 against glycopeptide-intermediate @entity794 (GISA) and heterogeneous @entity2176 -intermediate @entity794 ( @entity20637 ) in a @entity1398 @entity19 @entity582 model. METHODS: Immunocompromised @entity19 (female non-Swiss albino, 18-30 g) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(7) cfu/mL of GISA (strain HIP-5836 or Mu50) or @entity20637 (strain @entity41374 ). Infected @entity19 received a subcutaneous dose of @entity40628 (40 mg/kg) or @entity2176 (110 mg/kg) at 4 and 16 h post-inoculation. Control animals received a subcutaneous dose of vehicle at 4 h post-inoculation only. Blood and spleen bacterial titres were quantified in drug-treated @entity19 at 16, 28 and 52 h post-inoculation. RESULTS: @entity40628 was 8-fold more potent than @entity2176 against HIP-5836 (MIC 1 versus 8 mg/L), 16-fold more potent against Mu50 (MIC 0.5 versus 8 mg/L) and 8-fold more potent against @entity41374 (MIC 0.25 versus 2 mg/L). @entity40628 produced significant (P < 0.05) and sustained reductions in blood and spleen titres from pre-treatment levels in @entity19 infected with HIP-5836, Mu50 or @entity41374 . @entity2176 lowered blood and spleen HIP-5836 counts transiently, but did not lower blood or spleen Mu50 or @entity41374 counts significantly at any timepoint. Reductions in blood and spleen HIP-5836 and @entity41374 titres and in spleen Mu50 titres at 52 h post-inoculation were significantly greater with @entity40628 than @entity2176 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity40628 was more efficacious than @entity2176 in @entity281 caused by GISA strains HIP-5836 and Mu50 and @entity20637 strain @entity41374 in a @entity1398 @entity19 @entity582 model. Further evaluation of @entity40628 for GISA and @entity20637 @entity582 is warranted.

title: Efficacy of @entity40628 against glycopeptide-intermediate @entity794 in the XXXX @entity19 @entity582 model.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin', 'Vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['clearing infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic']

entities_list: @entity40628 :: ('MESH:C487637', 'Chemical') :: ['telavancin', 'Telavancin']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether in utero exposure to @entity2399 is associated with a lower incidence of @entity129 that predict @entity306 in @entity1 who weigh less than 1501 g at birth. DESIGN: For a prospective study of the antecedents of @entity129 , we enrolled @entity1 who weighed 500 to 1500 g when born at five institutions. Data were collected by interview of the mothers and review of medical records. Protocol cranial ultrasonograms were obtained as close as possible to postnatal days 1, 7, and 21. Abnormality on cranial ultrasound scans was determined by a consensus committee of three sonologists. RESULTS: Of the 1518 @entity1 for whom we knew whether the mothers received @entity2399 , the first protocol cranial ultrasound scan was available for 1409 @entity1 , the second for 1274 @entity1 , and the third for 1050 @entity1 . Forty-five percent of @entity1 were exposed to @entity2399 before delivery. The major correlates of @entity2399 exposure were receipt of antenatal corticosteroids and a diagnosis of @entity1468 and/or pregnancy-induced @entity101 . Maternal @entity1760 receipt was not associated with a reduced incidence of @entity62 , @entity548 , or @entity1276 , even when the sample was stratified by each of six potential confounders. When adjustment was made for gestational age, a measure of birth weight for gestational age, antenatal corticosteroid exposure, @entity1468 and pregnancy-induced @entity101 , route of delivery, and the occurrence of any labor, the risk ratios for each cranial ultrasonographic abnormality associated with @entity2399 exposure hovered close to 1. CONCLUSION: Maternal receipt of @entity2399 does not seem to be associated with an appreciably reduced risk of cranial ultrasonographically defined neonatal @entity62 , @entity548 , or @entity1276 .

title: Maternal receipt of @entity2399 does not seem to reduce the risk of neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial ultrasonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic or hyperechoic images of white matter parenchyma', 'white matter damage']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white matter damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of the serine protease inhibitor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2/Serpin B2) to inhibit proteases produced by a multispecies bacterial consortium in vitro. BACKGROUND: Gingival and periodontal @entity32 is associated with an increased flow of protein-rich gingival fluid. This nutritional change in the microenvironment favors bacteria with a proteolytic phenotype, triggering @entity32 and associated tissue breakdown. PAI-2 is produced by macrophages and keratinocytes and is present in very high concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid; the highest level in the body. DESIGN: A multispecies bacterial consortium comprising nine bacterial strains, resembling the conditions in a periodontal pocket, was grown planktonically and as a biofilm. After seven days PAI-2 was added to the consortium and the proteolytic activity was assayed with fluorogenic protease substrates; @entity2823 -labeled casein to detect global protease activity, fluorescent @entity8108 - @entity4022 -Pro-AMC for @entity563 protease activity and fluorescent BIKKAM-10 for @entity2523 -associated protease activity. Protease activity associated with biofilm cells was examined by confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: PAI-2 inhibited proteolytic activity of the bacterial consortium, as seen by decreased fluorescence of all substrates. PAI-2 specifically inhibited @entity2523 proteolytic activity. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first time that PAI-2 has been shown to inhibit bacterial proteases. Given the high concentration of PAI-2 in the gingival region, our results indicate that PAI-2 might play a role for the integrity of the epithelial barrier.

title: PAI-2/SerpinB2 inhibits proteolytic activity in a XXXX -dominated multispecies bacterial consortium.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P. gingivalis']


abstract: @entity8476 ( @entity8476 ) exerts a neuroprotective action against @entity2806 . This action is mediated by the @entity777 ( @entity777 ) pathway. However, as the expression patterns of @entity8476 receptors and @entity777 following @entity63 are not understood, we evaluated them in the @entity19 hippocampus in response to @entity63 induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Real-time PCR determination of @entity44632 mRNA expression in the hippocampus was significantly elevated on day 7 after @entity63 . VPAC1R mRNA expression was significantly decreased 3 days after the @entity63 episode, while @entity9622 mRNA expression showed a nonsignificant tendency to increase on day 7. @entity777 mRNA expression was significantly increased on day 3 and peaked on day 7 after @entity63 . The mRNA expression of @entity44633 , which is a neuroprotective factor stimulated by @entity8476 , remained virtually unchanged in response to @entity63 . @entity777 immunoreactivity was detected in the @entity4778 pyramidal cell layer and colocalized with the neuronal marker @entity7079 on day 1 after @entity63 . On day 3, irregularly shaped @entity777 -immunopositive cells colocalized with the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein but not with the microglial marker @entity9271 . @entity44632 immunoreactivity co-labeled with @entity777 immunoreactivity. These results suggest that @entity8476 could stimulate @entity777 secretion by neurons during the acute phase after an @entity63 episode and thereafter by astrocytes during the subacute phase.

title: @entity777 and XXXX receptor expression and localization after global @entity2806 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity8476 :: ('11516(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PACAP', 'Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide']

entities_list: @entity44633 :: ('11538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['activity-dependent neuroprotective protein']

answer: @entity8476 :: (11516(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PACAP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type la @entity9474 is due to a molecular defect causing Gs @entity1131 . It is responsible for multi-hormonal resistance and @entity853 . @entity461 resistance can be subtle so that the diagnosis can be difficult in @entity1 with atypical manifestations. CASE REPORT: A 10-year-old @entity1 was first referred for @entity851 (height standard deviation score: -2.8). He had short metacarpals, and @entity91 . Laboratory findings revealed an elevation of plasma TSH (8,8 microU/mL) with normal thyroid hormone levels. The investigations ruled out common causes of @entity1375 . Despite normal blood @entity460 and @entity1391 levels, @entity461 was elevated to 358 pg/mL (normal values: 10-60) without @entity177 , suggestive of hormonal resistance. The diagnosis of @entity24078 was confirmed by a 50% reduction of Gs activity. Melanodermia, associated with an elevation of ACTH was suggestive of ACTH resistance without @entity5067 resistance. Moreover, skeletal radiography showed a narrow lumbar canal. CONCLUSION: Type @entity9321 could be part of the etiological diagnosis of @entity1375 , even in the absence of @entity3747 and @entity2265 . Similarly, @entity853 extend beyond the classical features of @entity29257 .

title: [Primary @entity1375 revealing XXXX without @entity3747 and hyperphosphoremia].

entities_list: @entity9474 :: ('MESH:D011547', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['compensated hypothyroidism', 'primary hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity9321 :: ('MESH:D049310', 'Disease') :: ['la pseudoypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity29257 :: ('MESH:C537045', 'Disease') :: ["Albright's osteodystrophy"]

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity24078 :: ('MESH:C548077', 'Disease') :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism type la']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2265 :: ('MESH:D054559', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphatemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['scaphocephaly']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['parathyroid hormone', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity9474 :: (MESH:D011547,Disease) :: ['pseudohypoparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medication-taking behavior, specifically non-adherence, is significantly associated with treatment outcome and is a major cause of relapse in the treatment of @entity914 . Non-adherence can be multifactorial; however, the rates and associated risk factors in an Ethiopian population have not yet been elucidated. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate adherence rates to antipsychotic medications, and secondarily to identify potential factors associated with non-adherence, among @entity716 @entity1 at tertiary care teaching hospital in Southwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a 2-month period in 2009 (January 15th to March 20th) at the Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Adherence was computed using both a compliant fill rate method and self-reporting via a structured @entity1 interview (focusing on how often regular medication doses were missed altogether, and whether they missed taking their doses on time). Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 16.0, and chi-square and Pearsons r tests were used to determine the statistical significance of the association of variables with adherence. RESULT: Three hundred thirty six @entity1 were included in the study. A total of 75.6% were diagnosed with @entity161 , while the others were diagnosed with other @entity914 . Most (88.1%) @entity1 were taking only antipsychotics, while the remainder took more than one medication. Based upon the compliant fill rate, 57.5% of prescription fills were considered compliant, but only 19.6% of @entity1 had compliant fills for all of their prescriptions. In contrast, on the basis of @entity1 self-report, 52.1% of @entity1 reported that they had never missed a medication dose, 32.0% sometimes missed their daily doses, 22.0% only missed taking their dose at the specific scheduled time, and 5.9% missed both taking their dose at the specific scheduled time and sometimes missed their daily doses. The most common reasons provided for missing medication doses were: forgetfulness (36.2%); being busy (21.0%); and a lack of sufficient information about the medication (10.0%). Pill burden, medication side-effects, social drug use, and duration of maintenance therapy each had a statistically significant association with medication adherence (P  <= 0.05). CONCLUSION: The observed rate of antipsychotic medication adherence in this study was low, and depending upon the definition used to determine adherence, it is either consistent or low compared to previous reports, which highlights its pervasive and problematic nature. Adherence must therefore be considered when planning treatment strategies with antipsychotic medications, particularly in countries such as Ethiopia.

title: Adherence to medication for the treatment of XXXX : rates and risk factors in an Ethiopian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) is a long association fiber connecting the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and temporal pole with the angular gyrus through the white matter of the STG, structures which are known to play a crucial role in the pathology of @entity161 . Functions of @entity2172 are thought to be related to language and thought processing in the left hemisphere, and with attention in the right hemisphere. While deficits of these functions are core clinical features of @entity161 , no study has investigated the structural @entity66 in @entity161 . METHOD: 3T diffusion tensor data was acquired from twenty-six @entity1 with @entity161 and twenty-five healthy control subjects. Streamline tractography technique was used to extract @entity2172 . Fractional anisotropy (FA) was compared between the two groups. In addition, relationships were investigated between FA in the left @entity2172 and the Disorganized Thoughts Factor derived from the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale five factor model, and between FA in the right @entity2172 and the Poor Attention. RESULT: Relative to control subjects, the @entity1 with chronic @entity161 showed significant mean FA reductions in the bilateral @entity2172 . The FA of the left @entity2172 demonstrated a significant negative association with the Disorganized Thoughts Factor, and the FA of the right @entity2172 showed a significant negative relationship with the Poor Attention. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new evidence for structural @entity51 in @entity1 with chronic @entity161 . It further demonstrates the contribution of these abnormalities to the core clinical features - especially to disorganization and attention deficit.

title: @entity66 and disorganization in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle longitudinal fascicle', 'MdLF']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of MdLF']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits in the bilateral MdLF']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: The macula of the @entity1 retina contains extraordinarily high concentrations of @entity8665 and @entity7695 , xanthophyll carotenoids that appear to play an important role in protecting against age-related @entity1020 , the leading cause of @entity1939 among the elderly. It is likely that the uptake and stabilization of these carotenoids is mediated by specific xanthophyll-binding proteins. In order to purify and characterize such a binding protein, a carotenoid-rich membrane fraction derived from @entity1 macula or peripheral retina was prepared by homogenization, differential centrifugation, and detergent solubilization. Further purification was carried out using ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration chromatography coupled with continuous photodiode-array monitoring for endogenously associated xanthophyll carotenoids. The most highly purified preparations contained two major protein bands at 25 and 55 kDa that consistently co-eluted with endogenous @entity8665 and @entity7695 . The visible absorbance spectrum of the binding protein preparation closely matches the spectral absorbance of the @entity1 macular pigment, and it is bathochromically shifted about 10 nm from the spectrum of @entity8665 and @entity7695 dissolved in organic solvents. Binding of exogenously added @entity8665 and @entity7695 is saturable and specific with an apparent Kd of approximately 1 microM. @entity20386 and @entity2066 exhibit no significant binding activity to solubilized retinal membrane proteins when assayed under identical conditions. Other potential @entity1 xanthophyll-binding proteins such as albumin, tubulin, lactoglobulin and serum lipoproteins possess only weak non-specific binding affinity for carotenoids when assayed under the same stringent binding conditions. This investigation provides the first direct evidence for the existence of specific xanthophyll-binding protein(s) in the vertebrate retina and macula. The possible roles of xanthophyll-binding proteins in normal macular function and in the pathogenesis of age-related @entity1020 remain to be elucidated.

title: Ligand-binding characterization of xanthophyll carotenoids to solubilized membrane proteins derived from XXXX retina.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity20386 :: ('MESH:D016644', 'Chemical') :: ['Canthaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity2066 :: ('MESH:D019207', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carotene']

entities_list: @entity7695 :: ('MESH:C005881', 'Chemical') :: ['zeaxanthin']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Little is known about feeding regulation in marsupials. @entity40558 is a small nocturnal marsupial, whose tail contains approximately 25% total body fat. We have characterized the effect of gender, photoperiod, food deprivation, and tail removal (lipectomy) on food intake in @entity40558 . Males and females maintained in captivity on long-day (LD, 16:8-h light-dark cycle) and @entity851 ( @entity851 , 9:15-h light-dark cycle) light regimens were studied. Feeding patterns under LD and @entity851 photoperiods were initially measured under conditions of ad libitum food supply and then in groups of animals exposed to 24- and 36-h periods of food deprivation. Feeding occurred predominantly in the dark. Females maintained on @entity851 photoperiods for 5 wk ate less (P < 0.005) than females on LD or males on either @entity851 or LD, but this reduction in food intake was not associated with a decrease either in body weight or tail width. After both 24- and 36-h fasts, total food intake in the subsequent 24 h increased (P < 0.001) up to 100% in all groups, with no gender or photoperiod effect. @entity851 females, however, ate less (P < 0.05) than LD females in the first 6 h after refeeding. Tail width decreased (P < 0.05) in all groups of animals after the 36-h fast but only in LD animals after the 24-h fast (P < 0.05). Body weight decreased similarly in all groups of animals after fasting. The effect of tail removal was studied in LD males. The procedure, which was well tolerated, resulted in an initial decrease in body weight (P < 0.005), which recovered within 3 wk. On day 45 in the animals whose tails were removed, body fat was approximately 30% greater than body fat of controls (P < 0.02). No significant increase in food intake occurred after tail removal. These data demonstrate in @entity40558 1) a photoperiod and gender-dependent effect on food intake, 2) the ability to regulate the amount and distribution of total body fat, and 3) a dissociation between the regulation of food intake and changes in body fat stores, which suggest alterations in energy expenditure.

title: Feeding patterns of XXXX (Marsupialia:Dasyuridae): role of gender, photoperiod, and fat stores.

entities_list: @entity40558 :: ('9301', 'Species') :: ['Sminthopsis crassicaudata', 'S. crassicaudata']

answer: @entity40558 :: (9301,Species) :: ['S. crassicaudata']


abstract: A pilot study has been conducted to validate the Breath Motion Detecting System (BMDS), a new concept using Passive Infrared (PIR) technology for a contactless detection of respiratory movements. The primary objective of the study was to show if movements detected during sleep by the BMDS were indeed related to breathing. This medical device is not intended to measure the respiratory rate, but in a second step, it will be able to detect pathological central @entity386 in adults. One hundred and sixty-nine adult @entity1 underwent a full polysomnography in which each @entity1576 was recorded concomitantly through the BMDS. Curves obtained by the BMDS were compared to those of @entity1514 movements recorded by classical piezoelectric belts and of pressure obtained with nasal cannula. The correlations between the PIR sensors were highly indicative of @entity1576 detection. Since PIR sensors are sensitive only to the exemplification of the rib cage, they did not detect obstructive @entity386 . Unfortunately, only a few @entity1 in the studied population had a central @entity386 . Moreover as our sleep laboratory was equipped only with piezoelectric bands, the central @entity386 respiratory effort data are not a validated signal to be used during sleep recordings. The data recorded by the BMDS demonstrate the ability of the PIR technology to detect respiratory movements in adults. The concept is practical, inexpensive and safe for the @entity1 . Further studies with respiratory inductive plethysmography are needed to investigate the potential of BMDS to detect central apneas.

title: New concept using Passive Infrared (PIR) technology for a contactless detection of breathing movement: a pilot study involving a cohort of 169 adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory movement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Microneedles applied to the skin create micropores, allowing transdermal drug delivery of skin-impermeable compounds. The first @entity1 study with this technique demonstrated delivery of @entity836 (an opioid antagonist) for two to three days. Rapid micropore closure, however, blunts the delivery window. Application of @entity3522 (an anti-inflammatory) allows seven days of @entity836 delivery in animals. The purpose of the current work was to demonstrate delivery of @entity836 for seven days following one microneedle treatment in @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 subjects were treated with microneedles, @entity3522 (or placebo), and @entity836 . Impedance measurements were used as a surrogate marker to measure micropore formation, and plasma @entity836 concentrations were measured for seven days post-microneedle application. RESULTS: Impedance dropped significantly from baseline to post-microneedle treatment, confirming micropore formation. @entity836 was detected for seven days in Group 1 ( @entity3522 + @entity836 , n   =   6), vs. 72 h in Group 2 (placebo + @entity836 , n   =   2). At study completion, a significant difference in impedance was observed between intact and microneedle-treated skin in Group 1 (confirming the presence of micropores). CONCLUSION: This is the first study demonstrating week-long drug delivery after one microneedle application, which would increase @entity1 compliance and allow delivery of therapies for @entity102 .

title: @entity3522 enables unprecedented week-long microneedle-enhanced delivery of a skin impermeable medication in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The chemokine receptor @entity436 and its ligand (stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha; SDF-1a) play an important role in @entity5 cell @entity6722 and metastatic homing of @entity418 . Several methods are available to examine @entity5 cell migration in vitro. However, in vivo @entity6722 is subject to complex @entity5 -host interactions. The aim of this study was to establish an in vivo model of @entity6722 for @entity418 that allows the examination of @entity5 cell migration and metastatic homing in the complex microenvironment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity436 expression of OE19 @entity420 cells was determined by immunostaining in an orthotopic esophageal model. SDF-1a-mediated migration of cells was examined in vitro. An in vivo model of @entity6722 and @entity3 was established by subcutaneous injection of OE19 cells into NMRI/nu @entity19 and by daily stimulation with SDF-1a. RESULTS: @entity436 is expressed in the @entity5 and in the metastatic tissue. @entity436 -positive OE19 cells are susceptible to SDF-1a-mediated migration. The novel in vivo model leads to developement of @entity3 in liver, lung, peritoneum and retroperitoneum after stimulation with SDF-1a but not with PBS, and revealed an SDF-1a dose-dependent migratory effect. CONCLUSION: As @entity3 is still the leading cause of @entity5 -related @entity204 , it is essential to investigate the complex @entity5 -host interactions involved in metastatic homing. We established an in vivo model of @entity6722 and @entity3 for @entity418 , which allows investigation and inhibition of @entity436 /SDF-1a-mediated cell survival and proliferation, @entity6722 and homing, adhesion, and @entity5 angiogenesis.

title: XXXX /SDF-1a-mediated @entity6722 in an in vivo model of metastatic @entity418 .

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: We wished to assess the clinical safety and pharmacokinetics of ascending doses of a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide ( @entity43958 ) administered after coronary angioplasty. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides designed to hybridize with target messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in a complementary fashion to inhibit the expression of corresponding protein also have the ability to bind to extracellular growth factors. @entity43958 has been shown to reduce @entity517 expression, inhibit growth and collagen biosynthesis in @entity1 vascular cells, and reduce neointimal formation in animal models of @entity1317 . After successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 78 @entity1 were randomized to receive either standard care (n = 26) or standard care and escalating doses of @entity43958 (n = 52) (doses from 1 to 24 mg), administered into target vessel through a guiding catheter. Overall safety was evaluated by clinical adverse events, laboratory tests, and electrocardiograms. Patency was evaluated by quantitative coronary angiography. There were no clinically significant differences between treated and control @entity1 . No adverse effects of @entity43958 on the patency of dilated coronary arteries were observed. Pharmacokinetic data revealed that peak plasma concentrations of @entity43958 occurred at 1 minute over the studied dose range and rapidly decreased after approximately1 hour, with little @entity43958 detected in the urine between 0-6 hours and 12-24 hours. The intracoronary administration of @entity43958 is well tolerated at doses up to 24 mg and produces no adverse effects in dilated coronary arteries. These results provide the basis for the evaluation of local delivery of this phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide for the prevention of @entity1 @entity66 .

title: Safety of intracoronary administration of XXXX antisense oligomers after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['vasculoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-myc']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity398 (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) regulate various social behaviors via activation of the OT receptor ( @entity25809 ) and the AVP V1a receptor ( @entity36496 ) in the brain. Social behavior often differs across development and between the sexes, yet our understanding of age and sex differences in brain @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding remains incomplete. Here, we provide an extensive analysis of @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding density throughout the brain in juvenile and adult male and female @entity35 , with a focus on regions within the social decision-making network. @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding density were higher in juveniles than in adults in regions associated with reward and socio-spatial memory and higher in adults than in juveniles in key regions of the social decision-making network and in cortical regions. We discuss possible implications of these shifts in @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding density for the age-specific regulation of social behavior. Furthermore, sex differences in @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding density were less numerous than age differences. The direction of these sex differences was region-specific for @entity25809 but consistently higher in females than in males for @entity36496 . Finally, almost all sex differences in @entity25809 and @entity36496 binding density were already present in juveniles and occurred in regions with denser binding in adults compared to juveniles. Possible implications of these sex differences for the sex-specific regulation of behavior, as well potential underlying mechanisms, are discussed. Overall, these findings provide an important framework for testing age- and sex-specific roles of @entity25809 and @entity36496 in the regulation of social behavior.

title: Age and sex differences in @entity398 and XXXX binding densities in the @entity35 brain: focus on the social decision-making network.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxytocin']

answer: @entity36496 :: (25107(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vasopressin V1a receptor']