abstract: Strains of @entity6368 were inoculated onto brain heart infusion (Difco) agar supplemented with @entity114 and @entity4280 ( @entity12468 ) as a stabilizer and cultivated in a candle extinction jar. L-form colonies became visible after a few days. They continued to grow and were viable for up to 38 days. The extent of inducibility of L forms of @entity6368 was examined semiquantitatively. It was found to be constant for each type and strain and to depend only slightly on the amount of @entity114 added to the medium. None of the types of one strain produced L-form colonies. In another strain, avirulent types (T3, T4) showed more ability to produce L forms than virulent types (T1, T2) and no L forms were produced by the subtypes of T1 and T2-T1a and T2a. In a third strain, only T4 produced L forms. Electron microscopic studies showed that the L forms consisted of a number of membranous vesicles and a variety of cell types such as those completely lacking cell walls and those with only remnants of cell walls. The results indicate the existence of subtypes of T1 and T2 of gonococci and the intrinsic inducibility of gonococcal types and strains to produce L forms.

title: Type and strain variation in induction of L forms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity6368 :: ('485', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae', 'N. gonorrhoeae']

entities_list: @entity4280 :: ('MESH:D011205', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinylpyrrolidone']

answer: @entity6368 :: (485,Species) :: ['Neisseria gonorrhoeae']


abstract: We studied seven @entity1 with @entity1188 and large fusiform vertebrobasilar (VB) @entity439 to clarify the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features. All presented with pontine @entity1188 ; one also had a @entity1188 . VB TIAs preceded @entity1188 in four @entity1 . Angiography and CT documented VB fusiform @entity384 . Four had intraluminal thrombi and one had severe @entity9085 . Two distinct clinical pictures emerged: unilateral pontine @entity1188 with favorable outcome, presumably related to obstruction of a pontine penetrating artery at its origin from the posterior wall of the @entity438 , and major fatal bilateral pontine @entity1188 from basilar @entity432 . Two @entity1 came to autopsy. One had @entity715 in the dilated basilar artery and a posterior cerebral artery branch embolus with @entity385 ; the other had basilar artery @entity715 with @entity1756 and @entity510 . Fusiform @entity439 caused @entity64 by intraluminal @entity715 , local @entity887 , atherostenosis, and obstruction of paramedian penetrating arteries. @entity510 is an uncommon complication.

title: @entity64 in XXXX with fusiform vertebrobasilar @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem stroke']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid hemorrhage', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['basilar artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar infarct', 'infarcts', 'brainstem infarction']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'VB aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic occipital infarction']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal basilar artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ) are predisposed to developing @entity120 and right @entity67 compared with healthy individuals. The value of cardiac CT findings in determining the necessity of intervention for these @entity1 was investigated. We retrospectively studied 19 @entity1 with @entity453 and 19 healthy @entity1 . Several parameters were observed on cardiac CT by two radiologists, including pulmonary trunk diameter (PA diameter), @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ), left ventricular diameter (LVD), @entity4266 /LVD ratio, septal bowing and CT score of right @entity67 (CSRVD). Data from both groups were compared. The inter- and intra-observer variabilities and correlations were examined. The disease group was further divided into intervention (n  =  9) and non-intervention (n  =  10) groups, and their data were compared. All cardiac CT findings showed significant intra- and inter-observer correlation without significant variability. Mann-Whitney U tests and   (2) analysis showed that PA diameter, @entity4266 /LVD ratio acquired from two observers, and CSRVD were higher in the disease group than in the control group (all P values  <  0.05 for   (2) and almost all P values  <  0.05 for Mann-Whitney U). The @entity4266 /LVD ratio and CSRVD were higher in the intervention group than in the non-intervention group (all P values  <  0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis identified @entity4266 /LVD  =  1.036 and CSRVD  =  3.5 as the best cut-off values to determine the necessity of further intervention. @entity1 with @entity453 are more predisposed to @entity120 and right @entity67 compared with the normal population. @entity4266 /LVD  >  1.0 and CSRVD  >=   4.0 may determine the necessity of intervention for @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: @entity120 and right XXXX in @entity1 with @entity453 : evaluation with cardiac CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['left to right shunt coronary artery fistula', 'LRSCAF']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular diameter', 'RVD']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity438 (ACoA) @entity439 occur more frequently in @entity1 . The purpose of the study was to investigate sex difference in @entity439 morphologies and clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity438 . SETTING: A tertiary referral hospital. @entity1 : A total of 574 consecutive @entity1 with ACoA @entity439 were admitted to our hospital from December 2007 to February 2015. In all, 474 @entity1 (257 @entity1 and 217 @entity1 ) with @entity438 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity439 morphologies were measured using computed tomographic angiography and clinical outcomes were measured with Glasgow @entity772 score at discharge. RESULTS: The @entity439 sizes (p=0.001), @entity439 heights (p=0.011), size ratios (p<0.001), flow angles (p=0.047) and vessel angles (p=0.046) were larger in the male @entity1 than in the females. The female @entity1 more often had larger vessel sizes (p=0.002). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that significant differences in @entity439 morphologies between @entity1 and @entity1 were @entity439 size ( @entity24773 , 95% CI 1.0 to 1.3; p=0.036), @entity439 height (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0. to 0.9; p=0.006) and size ratio ( @entity16135 , 95% CI 0.5 to 1.7; p=0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in the outcomes between @entity1 and @entity1 ( @entity24773 .0, 95% CI 0.6 to 1.7, p=0.857). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 were independently associated with larger @entity439 sizes, greater @entity439 heights and larger size ratios. Sex was not a risk factor for poor outcome in @entity1 with @entity438 .

title: Sex differences in @entity439 morphologies and clinical outcomes in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured ACoA aneurysms', 'Ruptured anterior communicating artery']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms']


abstract: Endothelin (ET), a peptide originally isolated from the supernatants of cultured endothelial cells, exerts a wide variety of biological effects in different tissues. Endothelial-cell-synthesized @entity1827 has been proposed to act in a paracrine manner on adjacent @entity3960 ( @entity3960 ) in vivo, with effects that include both vascular reactivity (vasodilation/vasoconstriction) and mitogenesis. This study, by the use of immunocytochemically characterized @entity3960 (rVSMC) isolated from the aortas of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 , has investigated a possible autocrine role for ET in regulation of the vasculature. Although quiescent cultures of rVSMC apparently did not constitutively express prepro ET-1mRNA, ET-specific transcripts could be induced by a variety of growth factors (transforming growth factor beta [ @entity1810 ]; platelet-derived growth factor-AA homodimer [ @entity673 chain]) and vasoactive hormones ( @entity1808 [ @entity1808 ], @entity369 -vasopressin, and @entity1827 itself). The kinetics for prepro ET-1mRNA induction in rVSMC were characteristically rapid in onset and transient. Down-regulation of protein kinase C by 48 h pretreatment of rVSMC with @entity4621 markedly reduced the subsequent ability of rVSMC to express @entity1827 transcripts and secrete @entity1827 peptide in response to @entity1808 . Inducible prepro ET-1mRNA expression was accompanied by a @entity1880 -inhibitable release of @entity1827 peptide into the medium of rVSMC. @entity1827 peptide was determined by both radioreceptor- and radioimmunoassay. Stimulated rVSMC accumulated @entity1827 (approximately 200 pg.10(6) cells-1 x 4 h-1) at levels that attained biological relevance (approximately 10(-10) M). Sep-pak C18 extracts of medium from stimulated rVSMC elicited contraction of isolated endothelium-denuded @entity35 mesenteric resistance vessels, and this response was characteristically protracted and difficult to "wash out." Synthetic (porcine) @entity1827 promoted the expression of transcripts for @entity673 chain, @entity1810 , and thrombospondin in quiescent rVSMC. Such effects of @entity1827 on gene expression may be relevant to the mitogenic potential of @entity1827 on VSMC. Our findings imply a role for @entity1827 in the control of vascular function via both paracrine and autocrine regulatory mechanisms. The expression of prepro ET-1mRNA and peptide biosynthesis by rVSMC may have both short-term (e.g., vasoconstriction) and long-term (e.g., structural remodeling) consequences. A sustained loop of autocrine stimulation by @entity1827 in @entity3960 could contribute toward the pathogenesis of @entity2553 and/or @entity731 .

title: Stimulation of endothelin mRNA and secretion in @entity35 vascular XXXX : a novel autocrine function.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity3960 :: ('MESH:D018235', 'Disease') :: ['smooth muscle cells', 'SMC']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity3960 :: (MESH:D018235,Disease) :: ['smooth muscle cells']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effects of a 6 month lifestyle intervention on quality of life, @entity308 , self-efficacy and eating behavior changes in overweight and @entity28 @entity1204 survivors. METHODS: Early stage @entity1204 survivors were randomized to intervention (n = 23) or usual care (n = 22) groups. Chi-square, Student's t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance were used in intent-to-treat analyses. Outcomes were also examined according to weight loss. RESULTS: Morbidly @entity28 @entity1 had significantly lower self-efficacy, specifically when feeling physical discomfort. There was a significant improvement for self-efficacy related to social pressure (p = .03) and restraint (p = .02) in the @entity3162 group. There was a significant difference for emotional well-being quality of life (p = .02), self-efficacy related to negative emotions (p < .01), food availability (p = .03), and physical discomfort (p = .01) in @entity1 who lost weight as compared to @entity1 who gained weight. Improvement in restraint was also reported in @entity1 who lost weight (p < .01). CONCLUSION: This pilot lifestyle intervention had no effect on quality of life or @entity308 but did improve self-efficacy and some eating behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCT00420979.

title: A randomized trial of a lifestyle intervention in XXXX @entity1204 survivors: quality of life outcomes and mediators of behavior change.

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: Single or multiple brief periods of @entity63 (preconditioning) have been shown to protect the myocardium from @entity1188 after a subsequent more prolonged ischemic insult. To test the hypothesis that preconditioning is the result of opening @entity855 -sensitive @entity972 (KATP) channels, a selective KATP channel antagonist, @entity5217 , was administered before or immediately after preconditioning in @entity29595 -anesthetized open-chest @entity235 subjected to 60 minutes of left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion followed by 5 hours of reperfusion. Preconditioning was elicited by 5 minutes of LCX occlusion followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion before the 60-minute occlusion period. @entity5217 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) or vehicle was given 10 minutes before the initial ischemic insult in each of four groups. In a fifth group, @entity5217 was administered immediately after preconditioning. In a final series (group 6), a selective @entity972 channel opener, @entity28080 (10 micrograms/kg bolus and 0.1 micrograms/mg/min i.v.) was started 10 minutes before occlusion and continued throughout reperfusion. Transmural myocardial blood flow was measured at 30 minutes of occlusion, and @entity1188 size was determined by @entity5045 staining and expressed as a percent of the area at risk. There were no significant differences in hemodynamics, collateral blood flow, or area at risk between groups. The ratio of @entity1188 size to area at risk in the control group (28 +/- 6%) was not different from the group pretreated with @entity5217 in the absence of preconditioning (31 +/- 6%). Preconditioning produced a marked reduction (p less than 0.002) in @entity1188 size (28 +/- 6% to 6 +/- 2%), whereas @entity5217 administered before or immediately after preconditioning completely abolished the protective effect (28 +/- 6% and 30 +/- 8%, respectively). @entity28080 also produced a significant (p less than 0.03) reduction (28 +/- 6% to 13 +/- 3%) in @entity1188 size. These results suggest that myocardial preconditioning in the @entity235 heart is mediated by activation of KATP channels and that these channels may serve an endogenous myocardial protective role.

title: Blockade of @entity855 -sensitive XXXX channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['potassium']


abstract: The functional role of IL-12 in @entity309 is controversial. Moreover, whether IL-12 contributes to regulation of Ab-induced @entity32 remains unclear. To address these issues, we explored the functional roles of IL-12 in Ab-induced @entity625 using the K/BxN serum transfer model. @entity10357 (-/-) and IL-12Rbeta(2)(-/-) @entity19 were resistant to the development of @entity625 . Injection of K/BxN serum into @entity12782 -yellow fluorescence protein reporter (yet40) @entity19 induced @entity3804 (+) cells, @entity11805 (+) cells, and Gr-1(+) granulocytes to produce @entity12782 in the joints. The levels of @entity60 , @entity58 , and @entity777 production were lower in joint tissues of @entity10357 (-/-) and IL-12Rbeta(2)(-/-) @entity19 than in B6 @entity19 , whereas levels of @entity641 expression were higher. Administering @entity10357 (-/-) @entity19 rIL-12 or @entity60 @entity32 and suppressed @entity641 production in joint tissues. Moreover, administering neutralizing anti- @entity641 mAb enhanced @entity32 . Among the immune cells that infiltrated joint tissues during Ab-induced @entity625 , NKT cells expressed IL-12beta(2) receptors. Furthermore, the adoptive transfer of splenocytes from B6 or Gr-1(+) granulocyte-depleted @entity19 @entity32 in IL-12Rbeta(2)(-/-) @entity19 as much as in B6 @entity19 , whereas splenocytes from Jalpha18(-/-) @entity19 did not. These findings indicate that signals via IL-12beta(2) receptors on NKT cells play a critical role in the development of Ab-induced @entity625 . The @entity10357 / @entity60 axis promotes Ab-induced @entity32 by activating NKT cells and suppressing @entity641 , which may provide novel information for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the inhibition of @entity309 .

title: @entity10357 promotes antibody-induced XXXX by activating NKT cells and suppressing @entity641 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['restored joint inflammation', 'joint inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['joint inflammation']


abstract: Effects of essential @entity1718 on nerve conduction, @entity519 resistance, skeletal muscle contractile properties, and capillary density were examined in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Nondiabetic and @entity6 controls and three @entity6 groups treated with 10% supplements of @entity4336 oil, evening primrose oil ( @entity27688 ), or a mixture of 80% evening primrose oil and 20% fish oil ( @entity27688 Marine) for 2 mo were used. @entity27688 and @entity27688 Marine increased plasma @entity18943 levels, but @entity1426 was elevated only with @entity27688 . @entity6 resulted in 15-29% reductions in sciatic motor and sensory saphenous nerve conduction velocity. @entity27688 prevented conduction deficits more effectively than @entity27688 Marine, and @entity4336 oil had no effect. In vitro measurement of sciatic nerve @entity519 resistance revealed a 49% increase in the time taken for action potential amplitude to decline by 50% with @entity6 . @entity4336 oil had no significant effect. With @entity27688 , @entity519 resistance was within the nondiabetic range. @entity27688 Marine produced intermediate results. Functional improvements may relate to enhanced vasa nervorum perfusion, because endoneurial capillary density increased by 22% with @entity27688 , angiogenesis perhaps resulting from @entity9610 production from @entity1426 . Soleus muscle contractions were prolonged by @entity6 . This was partially corrected by treatment, @entity27688 being most effective. Extensor digitorum longus muscle had reduced tetanic tension with @entity6 , and this was prevented by all treatments. Soleus showed a modest increase in capillarization with @entity27688 , which may have contributed to reduced susceptibility to fatigue. The data suggest involvement of abnormal @entity844 metabolism in the etiology of @entity3949 and @entity121 .

title: Essential XXXX diet supplementation. Effects on peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle function and capillarization in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity9610 :: ('CHEBI:23899', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoid']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity18943 :: ('MESH:D017965', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: White matter (WM) damage has been reported in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) and @entity73 ( @entity73 ) in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. It is, however, unknown how the investigation of multiple tensor indexes in the same @entity1 , can differentiate them from normal aging or relate to @entity1 cognition. Forty-six individuals (15 healthy, 16 a- @entity73 and 15 @entity195 ) were included. Voxel-based tract based spatial-statistics (TBSS) was used to obtain whole-brain maps of main WM bundles for fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (DR), axial diffusivity (DA) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). FA reductions were evidenced among @entity195 @entity1 with posterior predominance. A- @entity73 @entity1 displayed reduced mean FA in these critical regions, compared to healthy elders. @entity1893 increases were widespread in both groups of @entity1 . Interestingly, a- @entity73 @entity1 exhibited DR increases in overlapping areas of FA shrinkages in @entity195 , whereas DA increases were only observed in @entity195 . Gray matter @entity194 explained most DTI differences, except those regarding @entity1893 in both groups as well as DR increases in posterior associative pathways among a- @entity73 cases. FA values were the only DTI measure significantly related to memory performance among @entity1 . Present findings suggest that most DTI-derived changes in @entity195 and a- @entity73 are largely secondary to gray matter @entity194 . Notably however, specific DR signal increases in posterior parts of the @entity75 may reflect early WM compromise in preclinical @entity303 , which is independent of @entity194 . Finally, global measures of integrity, particularly orientation coherence (FA) of diffusion, appear to be more closely related to the cognitive profile of our @entity1 than indexes reflecting water movement parallel (DA) and perpendicular (DR) to the primary diffusion direction.

title: Multiple DTI index analysis in normal aging, @entity73 and XXXX . Relationship with neuropsychological performance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior fronto-occipital and longitudinal fasciculi']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Mild Cognitive Impairment', 'MCI']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'mean diffusivity']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['AD']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Current NHS guidelines require @entity1 with suspected @entity0 to be seen urgently at a specialist breast clinic. The aim of this study was to assess referral patterns and clinical findings of @entity1 referred to a specialist breast clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective database was maintained for consecutive @entity1 referred. Symptoms and clinical findings in primary and secondary care were recorded. Correlation with final diagnoses was made. Tertiary referral @entity1 were excluded. RESULTS: 1098 @entity1 attended a specialist breast clinic over six months. 588 (54%) were referred as urgent, 285 (26%) routinely and 225 (20%) were unspecified. 492 (45%) @entity1 were referred with the incorrect referral priority. 42 @entity1 were unexamined in primary care. Examination findings in primary and secondary care correlated in only 487 (46%) @entity1 . Examination in primary care when compared with secondary care was highly sensitive for detecting breast lumps, but specificity was low. 86 @entity1 (8%) were diagnosed with @entity0 , 72 (84%) were referred urgently, 6 (7%) routinely and 8 (9%) as unspecified priority. Regardless of the clinical expertise of the referrer, sensitivity and specificity of the two-week guidelines for @entity5 are low. CONCLUSIONS: Examination findings in primary and secondary care correlate in only 46% of referrals. Additionally, 55% of referrals were of the correct priority. The two-week rule guidelines have poor sensitivity and specificity for @entity5 . The safest and fairest policy would be to abandon the concept of urgent referral criteria and see all @entity1 in a timely fashion. Alternatively, simplifying the referral criteria would improve sensitivity and specificity for @entity5 without leading to increased waiting times.

title: Referral patterns, clinical examination and the two-week-rule for XXXX : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: In order to investigate the molecular mechanism of temperature-dependent sex determination, a @entity1 @entity219 finger gene ( @entity29559 ), known to be highly conserved amongst other species, was used to isolate homologues from the genome of the @entity20085 , @entity20085 . @entity29559 was originally a candidate for the primary testis-determining gene in @entity1 , but is now thought to function further down the sex-determining cascade. Two alligator genes are described, Zfc and Znc6. Both code for @entity219 finger proteins and exhibit @entity535 (aa) homologies to @entity29559 of 91% and 73%, respectively. Znc6 shows aa homology of 88% to the protein encoded by the @entity219 finger exon of the @entity1 @entity29559 -related gene, @entity39743 , recently found on the X chromosome. Analysis of Zfc and Znc6 expression during embryonic development identified two major transcripts of 5.9 kb and 2.7 kb coding for Zfc, whilst only one transcript of 4.8 kb was detected for Znc6. Both genes are transcribed at all stages tested, from day 3 (post egg laying) throughout gestation. The expression level of all transcripts appears to decline towards the time of hatching (65-72 days). No sex-specific differences in the expression were observed. The extensive sequence conservation of the genes between reptiles and @entity1 suggests major functional constraints. The expression patterns indicate that these genes do not play a primary role in temperature-dependent sex determination.

title: Cloning and expression analysis of two @entity29559 -related @entity219 finger genes from XXXX , a species with temperature-dependent sex determination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity20085 :: ('8496', 'Species') :: ['Alligator mississippiensis', 'American alligator']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity20085 :: (8496,Species) :: ['Alligator mississippiensis']


abstract: We have studied the segregation and manifestations of the tRNA(Lys) @entity36611 mutation of mtDNA. Three unrelated @entity1 with @entity27379 ( @entity27379 ) syndrome were investigated, along with 30 of their maternal relatives. Mutated mtDNA was not always found in the offspring of @entity1 carrying the tRNA(Lys) mutation. Four @entity1 had 10%-33% of mutated mtDNA in lymphocytes, and no mutated mtDNA was found in 7 of their 14 investigated @entity1 . The presence of mutated mtDNA was excluded at a level of 3:1,000. Five @entity1 had a proportion of 43%-73% mutated mtDNA in lymphocytes, and mutated mtDNA was found in all their 12 investigated @entity1 . This suggests that the risk for transmission of mutated mtDNA to the offspring increases if high levels are present in the mother and that, above a threshold level of 35%-40%, it is very likely that transmission will occur to all @entity1 . The three @entity1 with @entity27379 had, in muscle, both 94%-96% mutated mtDNA and biochemical and histochemical evidence of a @entity1576 . Four relatives had a proportion of 61%-92% mutated mtDNA in muscle, and biochemical measurements showed a normal respiratory-chain function in muscle in all cases. These findings suggest that > 92% of mtDNA with the tRNA(Lys) mutation in muscle is required to cause a @entity1576 that can be detected by biochemical methods. There was a positive correlation between the levels of mtDNA with the tRNA(Lys) mutation in lymphocytes and the levels in muscle, in all nine investigated cases. The levels of mutated mtDNA were higher in muscle than in lymphocytes in all cases. In two of the @entity1 with @entity27379 , muscle specimens were obtained at different times. In both cases, biochemical measurements revealed a deteriorating respiratory-chain function, and in one case a progressive increase in the amount of cytochrome c oxidase-deficient muscle fibers was found.

title: Segregation and manifestations of the mtDNA tRNA(Lys) XXXX mutation of @entity27379 ( @entity27379 ) syndrome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory-chain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27379 :: ('MESH:D017243', 'Disease') :: ['MERRF', 'myoclonus epilepsy and ragged-red fibers', 'MERRF syndrome']

answer: @entity36611 :: (c|SUB|A|8344|G,DNAMutation) :: ['A-->G(8344)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of @entity43 in pregnancy is similar to that of non-pregnant @entity1 . The procedures include resection of the @entity5 (enucleation), @entity43 (oophorectomy), or surgical excision of the fallopian tube and ovary (salpingo-oophorectomy). The procedure can be done by open surgery (laparotomy) or keyhole surgery (laparoscopy) technique. The benefits of laparoscopic surgery include shorter hospital stay, earlier return to normal activity, and reduced @entity282 . However, conventional laparoscopic surgery techniques required the infusion of gas @entity544 in the peritoneum to distend the abdomen and displace the bowel upward to create the room for surgical manipulation. Serious complications such as abnormally high levels of @entity544 in the circulating blood (hypercarbia) and perforation of internal organs have also been reported. These serious complication may be harmful to the fetus. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of using laparoscopic surgery for @entity43 during pregnancy on maternal and fetal health and the use of healthcare resources. SEARCH METHODS: We updated the search of the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register on 11 November 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials with reported data that compared outcomes of laparoscopic surgery for @entity43 in pregnancy to conventional laparotomy technique. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors planned to independently assess trial quality and extract data. MAIN RESULTS: The updated search did not identify any randomized controlled trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The practice of laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 during pregnancy is associated with benefits and harms. However, the evidence for the magnitude of these benefits and harms is drawn from case series studies, associated with potential bias. The results and conclusions of these studies must therefore be interpreted with caution.The available case series studies of laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 during pregnancy provide limited insight into the potential benefits and harms associated with this new surgical technique in pregnancy. Randomized controlled trials are required to provide the most reliable evidence regarding the benefits and harms of laparoscopic surgery for @entity5 during pregnancy.

title: Laparoscopic surgery for presumed XXXX during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'removal of an ovary or ovaries', 'benign ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign ovarian tumour']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['benign ovarian tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity309 ( @entity309 ) is a systemic, inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the population. The auditory system may be involved during the course of disease; however the association of @entity309 and @entity393 has not been clearly defined. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to evaluate published clinical reports related to @entity393 in @entity1 with @entity309 . Furthermore, we discuss possible pathologies and associated factors as well as new treatment modalities. METHOD: A thorough literature search was performed using available databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and ComDisDome to cover all relative reports. The following keywords were used: @entity393 , @entity393 , @entity2167 , @entity393 , @entity1274 , conductive @entity393 , mixed @entity393 , @entity393 , drug @entity2167 , drug-induced @entity393 , hearing test, audiometry, @entity2167 and @entity309 . CONCLUSION: Based on our review it can be postulated that @entity1 with @entity309 are at higher risk of @entity393 compared to healthy subjects in their course of the disease. The @entity393 in @entity309 seems to be a multifactorial condition; however the mechanisms of injury, as well as the relative risk factors, are not completely clear. This review can aid to clarify this condition and is a guide for further evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of @entity393 in @entity309 .

title: Is Hearing Impairment Associated with XXXX ? A Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory dysfunction', 'hearing disorders', 'ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing difficulties', 'hearing impairment', 'autoimmune hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'Rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis']


abstract: Analysis of a @entity42063 gene fused to a gfp reporter, and identified as being induced in @entity19 @entity19 macrophage-like cells, allowed the isolation of a gene homologous to nikA, the first gene of the @entity526 operon encoding the specific transport system for @entity3406 . DNA sequence analysis of the corresponding @entity36322 nik locus showed that it was highly similar to that of @entity526 except for localization of the nikR regulatory gene, which lies upstream from the structural nikABCDE genes and in the opposite orientation. Protein sequence comparisons suggested that the deduced nikABCDE gene products belong to a periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport system. The nikA promoter-gfp fusion was activated in vitro by low @entity26 tension and metal ion deficiency and was repressed by @entity4437 excess. Insertional inactivation of nikA strongly reduced the activity of the @entity3406 metalloenzyme urease, which was restored by addition of a @entity3406 excess. Moreover, the nikA mutant of @entity36322 was functionally complemented with the @entity526 nik gene cluster, leading to the recovery of urease activity. Reciprocally, an @entity526 harboring a deleted nik operon recovered hydrogenase activity by heterologous complementation with the @entity36322 nik locus. Taking into account these results, we propose that the nik locus of @entity36322 encodes a @entity3406 transport system. The results further suggest that @entity3406 could enter @entity36322 via other transport systems. Intracellular growth rates of the @entity36322 wild-type and nikA mutant strains in @entity1 monocytes were similar, indicating that nikA was not essential for this step of infection. We discuss a possible role of @entity3406 transport in maintaining enzymatic activities which could be crucial for survival of the bacteria under the environmental conditions encountered within the host.

title: Identification of the nik gene cluster of XXXX : regulation and contribution to urease activity.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity36322 :: (29461,Species) :: ['Brucella suis']


abstract: To examine the effect of acute hyperbaric exposure on cardiovascular response to orthostasis, a passive 70 degrees @entity135 ( @entity135 ) test was performed for 15 min in a simulated compressed-air hyperbaric environment of 3 atm abs at ambient temperature of 31 degrees C (thermoneutral) on 8 male subjects. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure, cardiac output (CO) by impedance cardiography, forearm blood flow (FBF) by the occlusion plethysmography, and laser-Doppler skin blood flow (BFLD) on the thigh were measured for 15 min before, during, and after @entity135 . Esophageal temperature and HR data were recorded continuously. An identical test was performed in a 29 degrees C (thermoneutral) normal atmospheric condition. None of the subjects showed signs of @entity1163 during @entity135 in either environment. Baseline HR was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) at 3 atm abs, and the increase in HR (delta HR) during @entity135 was of the same magnitude (15 beats/min) at both atmospheric pressures. The reduction of systolic blood pressure (delta @entity13519 ) was identical in both environments. Thus, the chronotropic response to @entity135 (delta HR/delta @entity13519 ) was the same. A marked reduction in CO (P less than 0.05) was attributed to a reduction of @entity64 volume during @entity135 , and the reduction was greater (P less than 0.05) at 3 atm abs. There were no pressure-dependent changes during @entity135 in FBF, forearm vascular resistance, and BFLD except for a greater increase (P less than 0.05) in total peripheral resistance at 3 atm abs. These observations suggest that orthostatic tolerance was maintained in the presence of lower CO at 3 atm abs, probably by a greater vasoconstrictor response in the splanchnic areas. We conclude that the substantial @entity1168 which occurred at 3 atm abs did not interfere with a normal response to orthostasis in @entity1 because of a peripheral vasoconstriction caused by the elevated @entity26 pressure and an enhanced increase in total peripheral resistance which occurred during @entity135 in 3 atm abs.

title: Cardiovascular responses to upright tilt in XXXX during acute exposure to 3 atm abs air.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: AIM: @entity1 with @entity551 ( @entity551 ) have high arterial stiffness. @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) often have @entity299 that leads to @entity551 ; however, whether @entity551 is an indicator of arterial stiffness progression is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) varies between @entity6 @entity1 with and without @entity551 using the sit-to-stand test (STST). METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity6 underwent CAVI assessment and blood pressure (BP) and heart rate change evaluation during the STST. @entity551 was defined as a decline in systolic BP (SBP) and/or diastolic BP of at least 20 mmHg or 10 mmHg, respectively, in the initial and late upright positions compared with that in the sitting position. RESULTS: @entity551 was diagnosed in 42 @entity1 (26.4%). @entity6 @entity1 with @entity551 had significantly higher CAVI (9.36  1.15 versus 8.89  1.18, p=0.026) than those without @entity551 . CAVI was significantly inversely correlated with systolic and diastolic BP changes (R=   0.347, p   0.001 and R=   0.314, p   0.001, respectively) in the initial upright position. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, SBP changes, and low frequency component in the initial upright position were independent determinants of CAVI. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6 having large BP drops occurring when moving from sitting to standing have high arterial stiffness. A significant BP drop during the STST necessitates careful evaluation of advanced arterial stiffness in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Relationship between Arterial Stiffness and Blood Pressure Drop During the Sit-to-stand Test in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['OH', 'orthostatic hypotension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac autonomic neuropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes Mellitus']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the short-term outcome of laparoscopic @entity348 ( @entity348 ) in @entity1 with mid and low @entity5 . METHODS: A consecutive series of 138 @entity1 with middle and @entity5 were randomly assigned to either the laparoscopic @entity348 (LTME) group or the open @entity348 (OTME) group between September 2008 and July 2011 at the Department of @entity14 Center, Fudan University and pathological data, as well as surgical technique were reviewed retrospectively. Short-term clinical and oncological outcome were compared in these two groups. @entity1 were followed in the outpatient clinic 2 wk after the surgery and then every 3 mo in the first year if no adjuvant chemoradiation was indicated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were treated with LTME and 71 @entity1 were treated with OTME (sex ratio 1.3:1 vs 1.29:1, age 58.4    13.6 years vs 59.6    9.4 years, respectively). The resection was considered curative in all cases. The sphincter-preserving rate was 65.7% (44/67) vs 60.6% (43/71), P = 0.046; mean @entity190 was 86.9    37.6 mL vs 119.1    32.7 mL, P = 0.018; postoperative analgesia was 2.1    0.6 d vs 3.9    1.8 d, P = 0.008; duration of urinary drainage was 4.7    1.8 d vs 6.9    3.4 d, P = 0.016, respectively. The conversion rate was 2.99%. The complication rate, circumferential margin involvement, distal margins and lymph node yield were similar for both procedures. No port site recurrence, anastomotic recurrence or mortality was observed during a median follow-up period of 21 mo (range: 9-56 mo). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity348 is safe and feasible, with an oncological adequacy comparable to the open approach. Further studies with more @entity1 and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the present results.

title: Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic XXXX compared to open surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'low rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer of Shanghai Cancer']

answer: @entity348 :: (MESH:C535338,Disease) :: ['total mesorectal excision']


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein catheterization and transfemoral portal and caval catheterizations were performed under local anesthesia in five @entity1 with symptoms of @entity347 . During the investigation, results of pancreatic phlebography revealed the pancreatic venous anatomy. Blood obtained from the celiac artery, caval branches and pancreatic veins was assayed for insulin by two different radioimmunoassay methods. Pathologically high, pancreatic arteriovenous insulin differences in two @entity1 with @entity9608 and in two @entity1 with @entity14380 . In one of the @entity1 with an @entity9608 , one of the assays failed to detect the @entity5 insulin. This inconsistency still remains unexplained. Angiography revealed a @entity660 in only two @entity1 . During operation, two of the @entity5 were found upon palpation and inspection. Pancreatic resections were performed according to the findings of pathologic hormone differences in all five @entity1 . Immunocytochemistry revealed that three of the @entity1 had insulin-producing @entity5 and two had local @entity14380 . Catheterizations performed two months postoperatively confirmed the radicality of the operation in all @entity1 , with the possible exception of one @entity1 . In one @entity1 , a recurrance was detected by catheterization ten months postoperatively.

title: XXXX and @entity14380 by pancreatic vein catheterization and insulin assay.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14380 :: ('MESH:D018273', 'Disease') :: ['islet cell hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['insulinoma', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['Localization of insulinomas']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Efavirenz is an inducer of drug metabolism enzymes. We studied the effect of @entity488 and @entity486 -boosted @entity5193 on serum unconjugated and conjugated @entity648 , as probes for @entity6912 and bile transporters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy volunteers were enrolled in a clinical trial. There were 3 periods: Period 1, 10 days of @entity5193 900 mg with @entity486 100 mg once daily; @entity5394 , 14 days of efavirenz 600 mg with @entity5193 / @entity486 once daily; and @entity5395 , 14 days of efavirenz 600 mg once daily. Serum @entity648 (conjugated and unconjugated) concentrations were obtained at baseline, at the end of each phase and at exit. RESULTS: We recruited 7 males and 5 females. One subject developed grade 3 @entity99 on efavirenz and was excluded. Mean serum unconjugated @entity648 concentrations were 6.09  mol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.99 to 7.19) at baseline, 5.82 (95% CI, 4.88 to 6.76) after @entity5193 / @entity486 , 4.00 (95% CI, 2.92 to 5.08) after @entity5193 / @entity486 with efavirenz, 3.55 (95% CI, 2.58 to 4.51) after efavirenz alone and 5.27 (95% CI, 3.10 to 7.44) at exit (P <0.01 for the efavirenz phases). Mean serum conjugated @entity648 concentrations were 3.55  mol/L (95% CI, 2.73 to 4.36) at baseline, 3.73 (95% CI, 2.77 to 4.68) after @entity5193 / @entity486 , 2.91 (95% CI, 2.04 to 3.78) after @entity5193 / @entity486 with efavirenz, 2.64 (95% CI, 1.95 to 3.33) after efavirenz alone and 3.55 (95% CI, 2.19 to 4.90) at exit (P <0.05 for the efavirenz phases). CONCLUSION: Efavirenz decreased unconjugated @entity648 by 42%, suggesting @entity6912 induction. Efavirenz also decreased conjugated @entity648 by 26%, suggesting induction of bile efflux transporters. @entity486 -boosted @entity5193 had no effect on @entity648 concentrations. These results indicate that efavirenz may reduce concentrations of drugs or endogenous substances metabolized by @entity6912 or excreted by bile efflux transporters.

title: Unexpected drug-drug interactions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy: induction of XXXX and bile efflux transporters by Efavirenz.

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity5193 :: ('MESH:C482292', 'Chemical') :: ['darunavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir', 'Ritonavir']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity6912 :: (54658,Gene) :: ['UGT1A1']


abstract: @entity5907 ( @entity5907 ) isoforms in the @entity1 stomach have not been fully investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of @entity3881 promoter-driven @entity5907 ( @entity3881 - @entity5907 ) in differentiated-type early @entity356 (DEGC). P1- and P2- @entity5907 expression was examined immunohistochemically both in non-neoplastic mucosa and @entity189 from surgical specimens. In all samples of non-neoplastic mucosa, foveolar, cardiac, fundic and pyloric gland epithelium was negative for P1- @entity5907 , but was positive for P2- @entity5907 . @entity1944 was positive for @entity3881 - @entity5907 in all cases. @entity356 were classified into four @entity3558 phenotypes based on the pattern of @entity3558 expression: @entity356 , intestinal, mixed and null type. DEGC showed striking differences in the staining pattern for P1- @entity5907 according to the @entity3558 phenotype. @entity356 of intestinal, mixed and null type showed high positivity for P1- @entity5907 , but the @entity356 type was negative for P1- @entity5907 in all but one @entity5 . In contrast, P2- @entity5907 was expressed in all @entity5 regardless of the @entity3558 phenotype. Negative expression of P1- @entity5907 was indicated as one of the useful immunohistochemical markers in the classification of @entity3558 phenotype of both @entity5 of @entity356 phenotype.

title: Immunohistochemical staining for @entity3881 may complement @entity3558 phenotype of differentiated-type early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5907 :: ('3172', 'Gene') :: ['Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4alpha', 'HNF4alpha']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'non-neoplastic mucosa and cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric carcinomas', 'gastric', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity29 ( @entity29 ), the precise etiology of which remains unknown, is comprised of two forms of chronic @entity32 ; @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity30 ( @entity30 ). Recent evidence increasingly suggests that @entity29 is the result of dysfunctional immunoregulation manifested by inappropriate production of mucosal cytokines. An abnormal microcirculatory system has also been implicated in its pathogenesis. To elucidate the mechanism of @entity63 change in @entity29 , we assesse serum concentration levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity540 ( @entity540 ), and plasma level of @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ). We also investigated the expression of @entity23625 , and @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ,2,3) in tissue by immunostaining. METHODS: Blood samples were obtained from 11 @entity1 with @entity31 , 11 @entity1 with @entity30 , and 10 @entity1 as controls. @entity982 -embedded samples were used for an immunohistochemical study. RESULTS: The concentration levels (in picograms per milliliter) were as follows: for @entity2232 , @entity31 : 127+/-47.0, @entity30 : 167.3+/-35.1, and controls ( @entity565 : 38.5+/-23.8, p < 0.01; @entity4436 : 40.5+/-25.6, p < 0.01), for @entity540 , @entity31 : 9.2+/-1.9, @entity30 : 9.1+/-1.5, and controls ( @entity565 : 5.0+/-0, p < 0.01; @entity4436 : 5.0+/-0, p < 0.01), for @entity7 , @entity31 : 659.8+/-181.0, @entity30 : 740.0+/-182.3, and controls ( @entity565 : 193.7+/-58.7, p < 0.01; @entity4436 : 199.6+/-59.7, p < 0.01). The levels of @entity23625 were significantly higher in active @entity29 than those in the controls. There was a significant positive correlation among the serum levels of @entity23625 and the plasma level of @entity2232 ; that is, elevated @entity7 , @entity540 , and @entity2232 levels correlated well with each other. Immunohistochemical studies showed increased venula in the submucosa and lamina propria. Overexpression of @entity23625 in endothelial cells was revealed and @entity6474 and @entity1934 were found in inflammatory cells of active @entity29 , but no change was observed around the vessels in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the reciprocal reaction of these cytokines may contribute to angiogenesis in @entity29 b inducing @entity63 through vasoconstriction.

title: XXXX , basic-FGF, and @entity2533 in @entity30 and @entity31 : a novel mechanism of chronic @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['basic fibroblast growth factor', 'b-FGF']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor-beta1,2,3']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease", 'CD']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: PURPOSE: This phase II multi-institutional trial of the Southwest Oncology Group was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1205 in chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity1 with @entity5 were entered onto the study. Treatment consisted of @entity1205 , 100 mg/m2, as a 1-hour intravenous infusion repeated every 21 days, with protocol-specified dose reductions for @entity137 . RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 were eligible. A total of 158 cycles of @entity1205 were administered (median, three cycles; range, one to nine). Ten @entity1 (23%) (95% confidence interval, 12% to 39%) achieved partial responses. The median progression-free and overall survivals were 3 and 9 months, respectively. Therapy was generally well tolerated. Grade 4 @entity1398 occurred in 58% of @entity1 . @entity1398 developed in five @entity1 (12%), and @entity281 was documented in 14% of @entity1 . There was one treatment-related @entity204 caused by @entity55 in a @entity1 who had developed bilateral pneumothoraces. Other @entity137 (grade 3/4) included malaise, fatigue, and lethargy (21%); @entity390 (19%); @entity3136 (14%); @entity4 (9%); and @entity16 (9%). DISCUSSION: @entity1205 , at a dose of 100 mg/m2, is an active agent in the treatment of @entity151 . Reversible @entity1398 is the most common @entity137 associated with this treatment. The overall survival (9 months) with this agent is comparable to that reported with other new chemotherapeutic agents in @entity151 and warrants additional evaluation of @entity1205 in combination therapy.

title: Evaluation of XXXX in previously untreated @entity5 : a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['extensive-stage small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'Febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: A case report is presented of a 37-year-old active duty Navy petty officer with @entity8016 of the liver presenting as acute @entity2679 . He was admitted with severe right upper @entity158 and a positive Murphy's sign, but sonogram and computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an @entity5572 . "Anchovy paste" material was obtained on percutaneous drainage, and he was placed on @entity868 administration with a tentative diagnosis of @entity8016 . This was confirmed on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Symptoms resolved within a few days, and the abscess progressively decreased in size. Amebic abscess of the liver is discussed, with emphasis on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Although uncommon, the condition is still seen in various population groups including the United States military. Difficulty in diagnosis is not unusual, and as in the herein-reported case, amebic abscesses of the liver may be confused with acute @entity2679 and other @entity1320 . Abdominal sonogram and CT examination will identify a process in the liver, but the presence of @entity8016 must be confirmed by laboratory studies on serum or contents of the abscess. Amebicidal agents are effective in many cases, but there remain roles for aspiration of the abscess, percutaneous drainage, and even open surgical drainage. Failure to establish an early diagnosis may result in @entity397 , with catastrophic results.

title: Amebic abscess of the liver presenting as acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['abscess in the right lobe of the liver']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of the abscess']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['amebiasis', 'amebic abscess']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytotoxin-associated gene A ( @entity2757 )-positive strains of @entity1534 are an etiological factor for peptic ulcer and @entity356 . Studies on the role of these virulent strains in @entity455 yield conflicting results. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE database for relevant studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects method. RESULTS: We found 10 retrospective case-control studies (with 1527 case @entity1 and 1661 control subjects) and 3 prospective cohort studies (with 701 case @entity1 and 1439 control subjects) on @entity2757 status and @entity741 and 4 retrospective case-control studies (with 513 case @entity1 and 590 control subjects) on @entity2757 status and @entity2806 . In the case-control studies, an association of @entity741 with @entity2757 -positive strains (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.46-2.40) but no significant association with @entity2757 -negative strains (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.83-1.60) has been found; in the 3 prospective studies, association with @entity741 was weaker but still significant (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.05-1.51). In the 4 case-control studies, @entity2757 -positive strains were significantly associated with @entity2806 (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.89-3.13), again with no association for @entity2757 -negative strains. CONCLUSIONS: We found a small but significant association between @entity455 and virulent @entity2757 -positive strains of @entity1534 . The lack of association with @entity2757 -negative strains further supports the hypothesis of an independent relationship between virulent strains of @entity1534 and @entity455 . The magnitude of the association with @entity2806 needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.

title: Virulent strains of @entity1534 and XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular diseases']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively analyze, using validated outcome measures, symptom improvement in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity7769 treated with rigid night splinting and activity modifications. METHODS: Nineteen @entity1 (25 extremities) were enrolled prospectively between August 2009 and January 2011 following a diagnosis of @entity7769 . @entity1 were treated with activity modifications as well as a 3-month course of rigid night splinting maintaining 45   of elbow flexion. Treatment failure was defined as progression to operative management. Outcome measures included @entity1 -reported splinting compliance as well as the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and the Short Form-12. Follow-up included a standardized physical examination. Subgroup analysis included an examination of the association between splinting success and @entity3165 . RESULTS: Twenty-four of 25 extremities were available at mean follow-up of 2 years (range, 15-32 mo). Twenty-one of 24 (88%) extremities were successfully treated without surgery. We observed a high compliance rate with the splinting protocol during the 3-month treatment period. Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores improved significantly from 29 to 11, Short Form-12 physical component summary score improved significantly from 45 to 54, and Short Form-12 mental component summary score improved significantly from 54 to 62. Average grip strength increased significantly from 32 kg to 35 kg, and ulnar nerve provocative testing resolved in 82% of @entity1 available for follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: Rigid night splinting when combined with activity modification appears to be a successful, well-tolerated, and durable treatment modality in the management of @entity7769 . We recommend that @entity1 presenting with mild to moderate symptoms consider initial treatment with activity modification and rigid night splinting for 3 months based on a high likelihood of avoiding surgical intervention. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic II.

title: Outcomes of rigid night splinting and activity modification in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve hypermobility']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome', 'cubital tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']


abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the responsiveness and assess the concurrent validity of two functional health status instruments, the Dartmouth COOP charts and the SF-36 in @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) @entity1 . The data came from 129 of 174 @entity1 who participated in a randomized clinical trial of the therapeutic management of @entity1643 . Reliable and valid disease-specific outcomes, @entity1 -rated @entity1643 and disability, were used as external criteria (EC) to identify improved and non-improved @entity1 . Unpaired t-statistics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve calculations were used to quantify responsiveness. The two instruments had sufficient and very similar responsiveness using both EC. Comparisons between improved and non-improved @entity1 for the COOP charts and SF-36, respectively, using @entity158 as EC, yielded differences which translated into large effect sizes (0.8 and 0.7) (P=0.0008 and 0.003). Using disability as EC, differences of moderate effect size were found (0.5 and 0.6) (P=0.02 and 0.002). The ROC curve calculations using @entity158 as EC resulted in areas under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.88) for the COOP charts, and 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.88) for the SF-36. The corresponding areas using disability as EC were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.55, 0.79) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.84). The best cut-off point in both instruments for differentiating between improved and non-improved @entity1 was approximately six percentage points. The constructs of functional health status, as reflected in the global scores of the two instruments, are highly correlated (r=0.82). Six of the instruments' nine dimensions are moderately to highly correlated (r=0.52 to 0.86), and the overall canonical correlation was high (R=0.9). In conclusion, both instruments seem equally suitable for use as outcome measures in clinical trials on @entity1643 . The COOP charts are faster to fill out and score.

title: Responsiveness of general health status in XXXX : a comparison of the COOP charts and the SF-36.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low-back pain', 'CLBP', 'low-back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: AIM: X-ray @entity8 ( @entity8 ) can cause @entity810 ( @entity810 ). @entity519 is pivotal in @entity8 -induced @entity810 , as indicated by invasively and pin-point measured tissue oxygenation. MRI provides spatially resolved blood oxygenation level-dependent data using T2 * and T2 mapping. We studied @entity8 effects on renal T2 */T2 and benchmarked them against short periods of @entity871 , @entity519 and @entity432 ( @entity432 ). METHODS: @entity35 were equipped with carotid artery catheters (tip towards aorta) and supra-renal aortic occluders. T2 */T2 mapping was performed using a 9.4-T animal scanner. @entity8 (1.5 mL @entity7568 ) was injected into the thoracic aorta with the animal in the scanner followed by 2 h of T2 */T2 mapping. For T2 */T2 assessment, regions of interest in the cortex (C), outer medulla (OM), inner medulla (IM) and papilla (P) were determined according to morphological features. RESULTS: @entity871 increased T2 * in C (by 17%) and all medullary layers (25-35%). @entity519 decreased T2 * in C (40%) and all medullary layers (55-60%). @entity432 decreased T2 * in C (18%) and all medullary layers (30-40%). Upon injection of @entity8 , T2 * increased transiently, then decreased, reaching values 10-20% below baseline in C and OM and 30-40% below baseline in IM and P. CONCLUSION: T2 * mapping corroborates data previously obtained with invasive methods and demonstrates that @entity8 injection affects renal medullary oxygenation. @entity8 -induced T2 * decrease in OM was small vs. @entity519 and @entity432 . T2 * decrease obtained for @entity519 was more pronounced than for @entity432 . This indicates that T2 * may not accurately reflect blood oxygenation under certain conditions.

title: Early effects of an x-ray contrast medium on renal T(2) */T(2) MRI as compared to short-term XXXX , @entity519 and @entity432 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'contrast media']

entities_list: @entity7568 :: ('MESH:C044834', 'Chemical') :: ['iodixanol']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia', 'hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Medullary hypoxia', 'Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['AO', 'aortic occlusion']

answer: @entity871 :: (MESH:D018496,Disease) :: ['hyperoxia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the outcome of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for @entity1241 at 5 years after implantation and to identify predictors of sustained efficacy. BACKGROUND: There is a lack of knowledge about the long-term outcome of SNS for @entity1241 . METHODS: Prospectively collected data from @entity1 who underwent implantation of an SNS device between 2001 and 2006 were reviewed. RESULTS: One hundred and one @entity1 were available for outcome evaluation at 5 years. Sixty of 101 @entity1 [42.6% on intention-to-treat (ITT) and 55.6% per protocol (PP)] reported a favorable outcome, 41 @entity1 (ITT 29.1%; PP 38.0%) reported an unfavorable outcome, of whom 24 @entity1 (ITT 17.0%; PP 22.2%) had their device explanted or permanently switched off before 5 years. Wexner @entity322 scores improved significantly from a baseline median of 16 (range 6-20) to a median of 6 (range 0-20) at 3 months (P < 0.0001), and the improvement compared with baseline was maintained throughout the 5-year follow-ups (P < 0.0001).Age was a negative predictive factor [odds ratio (OR): 0.96 each year increase, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.92-0.99; P = 0.016]. Positive predictors included improvement of urge @entity322 episodes during percutaneous nerve evaluation (OR: 10.8; 95% CI: 1.72-132; P = 0.036), improvement of @entity322 scores at 6 months from baseline (OR: 6.29; 95% CI: 1.33-34.3; P = 0.025), particularly improvement of @entity322 scores from 3 to 6 months (OR: 41.5; 95% CI: 3.51-811; P = 0.007). Overall, 521 reportable events were recorded from 94 @entity1 (93.1%). CONCLUSIONS: On an ITT analysis, 42.6% of @entity1 reported favorable outcomes at 60 months. @entity1 's age, improvement of urge @entity322 during @entity2828 , and sustained efficacy during the first 6 months after implantation are some of the predictors identified.

title: Outcome of sacral nerve stimulation for XXXX at 5 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['fecal incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is a @entity5 subtype that lacks validated prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers, and @entity1082 status has not proven beneficial in predicting @entity1 outcomes. A gene expression pathway analysis was conducted using @entity957 @entity1 specimens to identify molecular targets that may improve management of this disease. RNA was isolated from 19 OSCCs treated surgically at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB; Birmingham, AL) and evaluated using the NanoString nCounter system. Results were confirmed using the oral cavity subdivision of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) study generated by The @entity5 (TCGA) Research Network. Further characterization of the in vitro phenotype produced by Notch pathway activation in @entity5 cell lines included gene expression, proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and radiosensitivity. In both UAB and TCGA samples, Notch pathway upregulation was significantly correlated with @entity1 mortality status and with expression of the proinvasive gene @entity6898 In vitro Notch activation in @entity5 cells increased transcription of @entity6898 and induced a marked increase in cell migration and invasion, which was fully abrogated by @entity6898 knockdown. These results reveal that increased Notch pathway signaling plays a role in @entity5 progression and @entity1 outcomes in @entity957 . Accordingly, the Notch-FGF interaction should be further studied as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for @entity957 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity1 with @entity1544 who succumb to their disease are more likely to have upregulated Notch signaling, which may mediate a more invasive phenotype through increased @entity6898 transcription. Mol Cancer Res; 14(9); 883-91.   2016 AACR.

title: Notch Signaling Activation Is Associated with XXXX Mortality and Increased @entity6898 -Mediated Invasion in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cancer', 'cancer', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The management of @entity16663 ( @entity16663 ) is complex. The Weiss score is the present most widely used system for ACT diagnosis. An ACT is scored from 0 to 9, with a higher score correlating with @entity5 . However, @entity16663 with a score of 3 can be phenotypically benign or malignant. Our objective is to use microarray profiling of a cohort of @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ) and @entity822 ( @entity822 ) to identify discriminatory genes that could be used as an adjunct to the Weiss score. A cohort of Weiss score defined @entity1636 and @entity822 were profiled using Affymetrix HGU133plus2.0 genechips. Genes with high-discriminatory power were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and confirmed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The expression of @entity5100 , @entity26112 , and @entity8189 were significantly higher in @entity1636 compared with @entity822 while @entity7243 , @entity42044 , @entity6302 , and @entity42045 were significantly lower. Several proteins, including @entity5100 , @entity26112 , @entity8189 , and Ki-67 had high-diagnostic accuracy in differentiating @entity1636 from @entity822 . The best results, however, were obtained with a combination of @entity5100 and Ki-67, with 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity in diagnosing @entity1636 . Microarray gene expression profiling accurately differentiates @entity1636 from @entity822 . The combination of @entity5100 and Ki-67 IHC is also highly accurate in distinguishing between the two groups and is particularly helpful in @entity16663 with Weiss score of 3.

title: Microarray gene expression and immunohistochemistry analyses of XXXX identify @entity5100 and Ki-67 as useful in differentiating carcinomas from adenomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['increased malignancy']

entities_list: @entity16663 :: ('MESH:D000306', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical tumors', 'ACTs']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinomas', 'ACCs']

entities_list: @entity822 :: ('MESH:D018246', 'Disease') :: ['ACAs', 'adrenocortical adenomas']

answer: @entity16663 :: (MESH:D000306,Disease) :: ['adrenocortical tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the variation in T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) throughout the brain. BACKGROUND: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence fast FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) has demonstrated overall increased lesion detection when compared to conventional or @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) but fewer lesions in the posterior fossa and spinal cord. The reasons for this are unknown, but may be due to variations in the T1 and T2 relaxation times within NAWM and @entity15 . METHOD: Ten @entity1 and 10 controls underwent MRI of the brain which involved @entity9468 , fast FLAIR and the measurement of T1 and T2 relaxation times. RESULTS: Of 151 lesions analysed (22 infra-tentorial, 129 supra-tentorial), eight were missed by the fast FLAIR sequence. T1 and T2 relaxation times in normal controls were longer in the infra-tentorial, than supra-tentorial, region. @entity1 NAWM relaxation times were prolonged compared with control values in both regions. Lesions demonstrated longer relaxation times than either control white matter or @entity1 NAWM in both regions, however this difference was less marked infra-tentorially. The eight posterior fossa lesions not visible on the fast FLAIR sequence were characterised by short T1 and T2 relaxation times which overlapped with the @entity1 NAWM for both T1 and T2 and with control values for T2 relaxation times. CONCLUSION: Both lesion and NAWM relaxation time characteristics vary throughout the brain. The T1 and T2 relaxation times of infra-tentorial lesions are closer to the relaxation times of local NAWM than supra-tentorial lesions, resulting in reduced contrast between posterior fossa lesions and the background NAWM. Consequently the characteristics of some lesions overlap with those of NAWM resulting in reduced conspicuity. By utilising this information, it may be possible to optimise fast FLAIR sequences to improve infra-tentorial lesion detection.

title: Variations in T1 and T2 relaxation times of normal appearing white matter and lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['fast spin echo', 'FSE']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis', 'MS lesions']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: We investigated total @entity1255 (tHcy) concentrations and relations between tHcy and @entity1501 , @entity2186 ( @entity2187 ), genetic polymorphisms ( @entity9769 @entity9770 , @entity9769 @entity24038 , @entity9769 @entity39652 ), blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), @entity165 , @entity1674 , sports activities, family and individual history of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and lifestyle issues in 264 healthy @entity1 and adolescents (2-17 y). THcy concentrations significantly increased while @entity1501 and @entity2187 decreased with age without gender differences. Age, @entity1501 and @entity2187 were significant predictors for tHcy concentrations. THcy was higher but within normal ranges in @entity9769 677TT homozygotes (10.6%) and carriers of the @entity9769 1793A allele (8%). Only two individuals (0.8%), both with low tHcy concentrations, were homozygous for @entity9769 1793AA. THcy concentration correlated positively with @entity1011 , @entity1674 , BMI and systolic BP and was not related to @entity165 , sports activities and family history of @entity65 . In conclusion, tHcy concentrations in this pediatric population were significantly influenced by age, @entity1501 and @entity2187 concentrations. No gender differences for tHcy, @entity1501 or @entity2187 concentrations were observed. Both the @entity9769 677TT genotype and the @entity9769 1793A allele were not associated with @entity3562 . The prevalence of the @entity9769 1793AA genotype was too low for meaningful interpretation.

title: Total @entity1255 , @entity1501 , and XXXX , and their relation to genetic polymorphisms, lifestyle and body mass index in healthy @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity2186 :: ('MESH:D014805', 'Chemical') :: ['cobalamin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2186 :: (MESH:D014805,Chemical) :: ['cobalamin']


abstract: Triple atrioventricular nodal pathways (TAVNP) occur occasionally, but it is rare for them to produce more than two different @entity591 . Here we report a case of concealed @entity3153 with three different @entity591 . During electrophysiologic studies, three different @entity16992 were induced. @entity591 #1 was characterized by a cycle length of 230 msec and an A'-H interval of 70 msec. For @entity591 #2, these parameters were 300 msec and 140 msec, while they were 370 msec and 200 msec for @entity591 #3. During all three @entity591 , the earliest atrial activity was observed in the left atrium. @entity713 occurred following ventricular stimulation, and the earliest atrial activity was observed in the left atrium, indicating the existence of left-sided accessory pathway. Persistence of @entity591 for 15-30 min caused marked @entity891 . The heart rate was very high (260 beats/min) during @entity591 #1, and the pulmonary arterial pressure rose to 40/30 mmHg, with the pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure remaining at about 30 mmHg throughout the @entity591 . It seems that the pulmonary venous pressure rises abnormally during paroxysmal @entity4710 with a very high heart rate and that @entity891 can easily occur during a short period of @entity591 .

title: A case of concealed @entity3153 with three different XXXX due to triple AV nodal pathways.

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['Ventriculoatrial conduction']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Tachycardia', 'tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary congestion']

entities_list: @entity16992 :: ('MESH:D054139', 'Disease') :: ['reciprocal tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome']

answer: @entity16992 :: (MESH:D054139,Disease) :: ['reciprocal tachycardias']


abstract: AIMS: Recently, accumulating evidence indicates that dysregulation of microRNAs is associated with the initiation and progression of @entity5 . Oncogenic @entity36822 has been reported upregulation and associated with tumorigenesis and progression in various types of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of @entity36822 in @entity1149 . (NSCLC), and to assess its association with @entity5 , @entity3 and prognosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: total of 88 NSCLC @entity1 (females = 21 and males = 67), aged 15-81 years were included in the study. @entity36822 expression in @entity5 tissue was estimated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity36822 was significantly upregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with their paired adjacent nontumor tissues. (P < 0.001). Increased expression of @entity36822 was detected in @entity5 with lymph node @entity3 . (P =0.003). In addition, high @entity36822 expression was significantly associated with poorly differentiation. (P =0.015), lymph node @entity3 . (P =0.013) and advanced @entity5 -node- @entity3 . (TNM) stage. (P =0.018). A. comparison of survival curves of low versus high expressers of @entity36822 revealed a highly significant difference in NSCLC, which suggests that overexpression of @entity36822 is associated with a poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (P =0.002). Moreover, multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that the @entity36822 overexpression was an unfavorable prognostic factor for disease-free survival in addition to TNM stage. CONCLUSIONS: @entity36822 may represent a novel prognostic indicator, a biomarker for the early detection of lymph node @entity3 and a therapeutic target in NSCLC.

title: Increased expression of microRNA-301a in XXXX and its clinical significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['nonsmall-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cervical lymph node @entity3 represent an important diagnostic and treatment challenge. Not only has this entity been rarely described, but successful treatment has never been reported in the literature. METHODS AND RESULTS: This case report was conducted using reviews of the literature. A 58-year-old @entity1 with a history of resected @entity1653 was referred for a right neck mass. Excisional biopsy revealed @entity3 , and a metastatic workup was negative. Modified radical neck dissection showed positivity in 5 lymph nodes. The @entity1 received adjuvant intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), for a mean target dose of 60 Gray (Gy). Two years after treatment, the @entity1 was disease free. Eleven cases of cervical lymph node @entity3 of @entity1653 were identified in our literature search, and none described successful treatment of this entity. CONCLUSION: Cervical lymph node @entity3 of @entity1653 is potentially treatable with surgical resection and IMRT, although further studies with long-term follow-up are necessary.

title: Successful treatment of XXXX metastatic to cervical lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastatic meningioma', 'metastases of meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['anaplastic meningioma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a difference between the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of @entity5479 and noncholesteatomatous tissue on half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted (DW) images and to determine, with interobserver agreement, a predictive accuracy for diagnosis of @entity5479 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 who underwent DW magnetic resonance (MR) examination before repeat explorative surgery for postoperative @entity3540 were included in this study. There were 72 @entity1 episodes and 56 @entity1 . DW MR images were acquired with b values 0 and 1000 sec/mm(2) and 2-mm section thicknesses. Two observers assessed images qualitatively for presence of @entity3540 and recorded ADCs. Surgery with histologic confirmation established final diagnosis of abnormal middle ear cleft soft tissue. ADCs between @entity3540 and noncholesteatomatous tissue were compared with Mann-Whitney test. Effects of ADCs and confidence intervals to indicate presence of @entity3540 were examined by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, logistic regression analysis, and interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity1 had @entity3540 and 25 @entity1 did not; sensitivity and specificity were 0.91 and 0.88, respectively, for the qualitative diagnosis of postoperative @entity3540 by using a five-point confidence scale. ADC of @entity3540 (median, 707   10(-6) mm(2)/sec; interquartile range, 539-858   10(-6) mm(2)/sec; P < .001) was significantly lower than that of noncholesteatomatous tissue (median, 1849   10(-6) mm(2)/sec; interquartile range, 1574-1982   10(-6) mm(2)/sec; P < .001). There was good accuracy (area under the ROC curve, 0.97) and interobserver agreement for detecting postoperative @entity3540 with ADC threshold less than 1300   10(-6) mm(2)/sec. CONCLUSION: The ADC value of @entity5479 is significantly lower than that of noncholesteatomatous tissue and has good accuracy for detecting @entity3540 .

title: Apparent diffusion coefficients for detection of postoperative XXXX on non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted images.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5479 :: ('MESH:D018424', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative middle ear cleft cholesteatoma']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma']

answer: @entity5479 :: (MESH:D018424,Disease) :: ['middle ear cholesteatoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a family diagnosed with @entity4712 . To emphasize that early recognition of @entity1 with @entity4712 could improve the visual outcome. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 14 year old @entity1 of Mahgrebian origin presented with a longstanding subtotal @entity1713 in the right eye. Subsequently 6 family members in 3 generations have been identified with the same @entity794 mutation. 4 eyes lost perception of light and 1 eye was enucleated. @entity4712 is the commonest inherited cause of @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). These tend to be complex and to occur at young age, frequently affecting both eyes. Other ocular features consist of high @entity1714 , optically empty vitreous cavity, posterior radial paravascular lattice-type degeneration, @entity231 and @entity726 . Non-ocular findings include midface @entity509 , musculoskeletal changes and @entity393 . In severe cases the disorder will readily be suspected. In mildly affected @entity1 , clinical diagnosis can be quite difficult. Therefore, all family members of a Stickler @entity1 should be offered molecular genetic testing. Stickler @entity1 benefit from a multidisciplinary approach, including audiologic examination. They should be informed about the symptoms associated with @entity937 and @entity1713 and have priviliged access to the ophthalmic care unit. In case of @entity1713 , vitrectomy is the preferred surgery. Prophylaxis of @entity1713 in @entity4712 @entity1 consisting of a 360 degrees peripheral cryotherapy or photocoagulation has been proposed. Practical guidelines for follow up or thresholds for initiating treatment have not been formulated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4712 remains under-diagnosed. Hightened awareness of @entity4712 could improve visual outcome in affected individuals and makes genetic counseling possible

title: XXXX : an underdiagnosed disease. Report of a family.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['retinal tears']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RRD', 'rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity4712 :: (MESH:C580472,Disease) :: ['Stickler syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ) are at twice the risk of falling compared to older @entity1 without knee @entity571 , however the mechanism for this is poorly understood. This study investigated the biomechanical response of the trunk and @entity6250 during a forward induced fall under different task conditions in @entity1 with and without knee @entity571 . METHOD: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity571 (68.6  6.2 years) and 15 asymptomatic controls (72.4  4.8 years) participated in the study. Forward fall was induced by releasing @entity1 from a static forward leaning position. @entity1 were required to recover balance during three conditions: normal, physical (obstacle clearance) and cognitive dual tasks (counting backwards). Spatiotemporal parameters, lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics of the recovery limb were compared between the two groups and across the three task conditions. RESULTS: The @entity571 group demonstrated slower spatio-temporal characteristics and reduced hip and knee flexion angles, joint moments/powers and reduced muscle negative work at the knee and ankle (p<0.05). Cognitive dual task resulted in reduced centre of mass velocity and step length (p=0.03) compared to the physical dual task condition. Reduced knee (p=0.02) and hip joint powers (p=0.03) were demonstrated in the @entity571 group in the physical task condition. CONCLUSION: When simulating a forward fall, @entity1 with @entity571 demonstrated difficulty in absorbing the impact and slowing down the forward momentum of the body during a recovery step. Moreover, poor dynamic postural control was demonstrated as task complexity increased.

title: Biomechanical balance response during induced falls under dual task conditions in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb joints']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Tunisia, @entity65 are the leading causes of @entity204 (30%), 70% of those are @entity301 ( @entity301 ) @entity204 and population studies have demonstrated that major risk factor levels are increasing. OBJECTIVE: To explain recent @entity301 trends in Tunisia between 1997 and 2009. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DATA SOURCES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Published and unpublished data were identified by extensive searches, complemented with specifically designed surveys. ANALYSIS: Data were integrated and analyzed using the previously validated IMPACT @entity301 policy model. Data items included: (i)number of @entity301 @entity1 in specific groups (including @entity1187 , @entity712 and @entity951 )(ii) uptake of specific medical and surgical treatments, and(iii) population trends in major cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, total @entity165 , systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), @entity6 and physical inactivity). RESULTS: @entity301 mortality rates increased by 11.8% for @entity1 and 23.8% for @entity1 , resulting in 680 additional @entity301 @entity204 in 2009 compared with the 1997 baseline, after adjusting for population change. Almost all (98%) of this rise was explained by risk factor increases, though @entity1 and @entity1 differed. A large rise in total @entity165 level in @entity1 (0.73 mmol/L) generated 440 additional @entity204 . In @entity1 , a fall (-0.43 mmol/L), apparently avoided about 95 @entity204 . For SBP a rise in @entity1 (4 mmHg) generated 270 additional @entity204 . In @entity1 , a 2 mmHg fall avoided 65 @entity204 . BMI and @entity6 increased substantially resulting respectively in 105 and 75 additional @entity204 . Increased treatment uptake prevented about 450 @entity204 in 2009. The most important contributions came from secondary prevention following @entity583 ( @entity583 ) (95 fewer @entity204 ), initial @entity583 treatments (90), antihypertensive medications (80) and unstable @entity951 (75). CONCLUSIONS: Recent trends in @entity301 mortality mainly reflected increases in major modifiable risk factors, notably SBP and @entity165 , BMI and @entity6 . Current prevention strategies are mainly focused on treatments but should become more comprehensive.

title: Analyzing recent XXXX mortality trends in Tunisia between 1997 and 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Myocardial Infarction', 'AMI']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of @entity1491 of the eyelid. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: An 80-year-old @entity1 presented with a nodular lesion at the center of the left lower eyelid. Small ulceration and madarosis were also present. RESULTS: The @entity1 underwent excisional biopsy with frozen section control. Histopathology showed mixed sebaceous as well as @entity1491 with uninvolved surgical margins. Oncologic survey did not disclose any other lesion. At 6-month follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence, new lesions, or @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity1491 can coexist in the eyelid within the same clinical lesion. Because of the potential risk of @entity3 of @entity189 , close follow-up of the @entity1 is advisable.

title: XXXX of the eyelid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sebaceous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['collision sebaceous and basal cell carcinomas', 'basal cell carcinoma', 'Sebaceous and basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Collision sebaceous and basal cell carcinomas']