abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, @entity12045 cases from four tertiary hospitals located in Shanghai and Anhui province in China from March 2012 to December 2013 were enrolled to investigate clinical features, species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and strain relatedness. During the study period, 137 non-duplicate cases and their corresponding isolates were collected. Six different genera of fungi were identified, of which Candida spp. were the most common (126/137, 91.97  %), with @entity5132 predominating (48/137, 35.03  %). The non-Candida fungi rate reached 8.03  % (11/137), and Pichia spp. was the most common (5/137, 3.65  %). Compared with @entity5132 , non- @entity5132 @entity12045 was more likely in younger (p  =  0.004) and male @entity1 (   (2)  =  6.2618, p  =  0.0123) and @entity1 from ICUs (   (2)  =  6.3783, p  =  0.0116). Overall, the susceptible/WT rates of common Candida spp. to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B and caspofungin were 74.63, 92.31, 93.16, 96.58, 100 and 95.69  %, respectively. @entity9841 and @entity18203 had a low susceptibility to fluconazole: 79.95 and 77.78  %, respectively. No isolates were resistant/WT to caspofungin, but @entity7409 and @entity18203 had high MIC90 values; 1 and 2  mg/L, respectively. In terms of genotyping, MLST was taken for @entity7408 and @entity9841 , while microsatellite marker analysis was used for @entity5132 and @entity7409 . @entity7408 was predominantly clone ST7, accounting for 75  %, while the other isolates showed genetic diversity. Considering the increased proportion of non- @entity5132 fungi and the presence of endemic clones of @entity7408 , it is essential to undertake additional surveillance of @entity12045 .

title: Clinical and Microbiological Investigation of XXXX from Four Hospitals in China.

entities_list: @entity18203 :: ('4929', 'Species') :: ['C. guilliermondii']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity12045 :: ('MESH:D016469', 'Disease') :: ['fungemia', 'fungi-associated fungemia']

answer: @entity12045 :: (MESH:D016469,Disease) :: ['Fungemia']


abstract: Within the developing vertebrate spinal cord, motor neuron subtypes are distinguished by the settling positions of their cell bodies, patterns of gene expression, and the paths their axons follow to exit the CNS. The inclusive set of cues required to guide a given motor axon subtype from cell body to target has yet to be identified, in any species. This is attributable, in part, to the unavailability of markers that demarcate the complete trajectory followed by a specific class of spinal motor axons. Most spinal motor neurons extend axons out of the CNS through ventral exit points. In contrast, spinal accessory motor neurons (SACMNs) project dorsally directed axons through lateral exit points (LEPs), and these axons assemble into the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). Here we show that an antibody against BEN/ @entity3845 / @entity3845 / @entity3845 /MuSC selectively labels @entity19 SACMNs and can be used to trace the pathfinding of SACMN axons. We use this marker, together with a @entity4059 or guidance cue/receptor-deficient @entity19 to identify molecules required for distinct stages of SACMN development. Specifically, we find that @entity27655 is required for the initial extension of axons from SACMN cell bodies, and that @entity30360 are required for the proper dorsal migration of these cells and the dorsally directed extension of SACMN axons toward the LEPs. Furthermore, in the absence of the transcription factor @entity58227 , SACMN axons fail to exit the CNS. Together, these findings suggest molecular mechanisms that are likely to regulate key steps in SACMN development.

title: Molecular control of spinal accessory motor neuron/axon development in the XXXX spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity30360 :: ('18208(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['netrin-1 and its receptor Dcc']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['battery of transcription factor-deficient']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the knowledge and practice patterns of obstetrician-gynecologists concerning management of @entity101 of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Surveys were mailed to 1,116 fellows of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 416 of them constituted the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. Seven hundred more were chosen at random. The survey contained questions on physician and @entity1 demography and on knowledge and practice patterns concerning management of various @entity101 during pregnancy. RESULTS: A total of 401 completed surveys were analyzed. There was no difference between respondents and nonrespondents in either sex ratio (P = .410) or age (46.9 +/- 0.4 versus 48.1 +/- 0.4 years, P = .131). Most respondents (84.5%) would manage mild @entity1468 on an outpatient basis, and most (58.6%) usually managed @entity1468 independently. There was considerable variation in clinical practice. For example, about one of four respondents (27.4%) do not use @entity410 prophylaxis during labor in mild @entity1468 . Among physicians who do utilize @entity2399 for @entity410 prophylaxis, the mean standard loading dose was 4.5 +/- .1 g intravenously. More than half the respondents (54.9%) would employ @entity1468 prevention procedures. Most respondents (74.6%) said that there is a role for management of severe @entity1468 remote from term. Intrauterine growth restriction would be used as an indication for immediate delivery by 60.6% of respondents; female physicians were more likely to use @entity1592 as an indication for immediate delivery (chi 2 = 5.7, P = .017).

title: XXXX . Knowledge and clinical practice among obstetrician-gynecologists.

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension in pregnancy and preeclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Warts are a common @entity272 , especially in @entity1 and young adults, caused by @entity1 papillomaviruses. So far, there is no definitive therapy for warts and the treatment is modified regularly to obtain the best result with the least discomfort to the @entity1 . The aim of this placebo-controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical efficacy, tolerability, and safety of 10% @entity7292 solution for the treatment of common warts. METHODS: Sixty individuals attending pediatrics and dermatology clinics and health centers in Yasuj, south-west of Iran, were recruited. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: 30 @entity1 received 10% @entity7292 solution (case group) and 30 control @entity1 received black ink (placebo group). @entity7292 solution was used every other day for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, the @entity1 were evaluated for healing, and treatment was continued for another 3 weeks if the lesions were still present. RESULTS: Complete regression of lesions was achieved in 19 of the 30 (63.33%) case @entity1 . No significant side-effect was noted in the treated @entity1 apart from temporary brownish discoloration of the skin which resolved 1 week after treatment. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that 10% @entity7292 solution can be used effectively for the treatment of warts with no serious complications.

title: Efficacy of 10% XXXX solution in the treatment of common warts: a placebo-controlled, randomized, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7292 :: ('MESH:D012835', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver nitrate', 'silver nitrate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

answer: @entity7292 :: (MESH:D012835,Chemical) :: ['silver nitrate']


abstract: Myocardial viability of the infarcted area was evaluated in 49 @entity1 with old @entity583 by thallium-201 myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), two-dimensional echocardiography (2 DE) and electrocardiography (ECG). The following results were obtained: 1. T1 uptake (%TU) correlated significantly with the % systolic thickening ratio (% delta Th) and the @entity9009 ( @entity9009 ) (r = 0.66, r = 0.75), suggesting that both parameters are useful in predicting @entity296 of the infarcted areas. 2. In 18 @entity1 , the % delta Th was 0, @entity9009 ranged from -3 mm to +3 mm, and a positive correlation between %TU and @entity9009 was present, suggesting an advantage of @entity9009 over % delta Th as a parameter. 3. Forty-nine @entity1 were categorized into 4 groups based on their ECG findings; 3 with QS and complete RBBB (Group A); 19 with QS and ST elevation (Group B); 10 with QS without ST elevation (Group C); and 17 with non-QS (Group D). All of %TU, % delta TH and @entity9009 increased in the order of Groups A < B < C < D. 4. The bull's eye method showed redistribution in 5 of 19 @entity1 (26%) in Group B, 5 of 19 (26%) with % delta Th < or = 0 and 2 of 9 (22%) with @entity9009 < or = 0. These results suggested that transmural @entity583 , which has been considered irreversible, may be viable and PTCA or coronary bypass surgery is recommended if ECG or 2DE gives indications of @entity296 .

title: [Myocardial viability in old XXXX as evaluated by T1-201 SPECT and two-dimensional echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial viability']

entities_list: @entity9009 :: ('MESH:D018658', 'Disease') :: ['interventricular septal excursion', 'IVSE']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the addition of @entity1260 to @entity900 plus @entity2879 improves the response rate, time to disease progression, or overall survival in previously untreated @entity1 with extensive-stage small-cell @entity2 ( @entity4153 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with extensive @entity4153 with a Karnofsky performance score (KPS) > or = 50 and adequate renal function and bone marrow reserve were eligible. @entity1 with CNS @entity3 were eligible and received concurrent whole-brain radiotherapy. @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity900 (20 mg/m2) plus @entity2879 (100 mg/m2) ( @entity3548 ) both given intravenously (i.v.) on days 1 to 4 or @entity900 (20 mg/m2), @entity1260 (1.2 g/m2), and @entity2879 (75 mg/m2) ( @entity3549 ) all given i.v. on days 1 to 4. Cycles were repeated every 3 weeks for four cycles. RESULTS: From May 1989 through March 1993, 171 @entity1 were randomized (84 to @entity3548 and 87 to @entity3549 ). The median follow-up duration is 26 months. All @entity1 were assessable for survival; 163 were fully assessable for response and 162 for @entity137 . Myelosuppression was greater with @entity3549 . Objective responses were observed in 55 of 82 (67%) and 59 of 81 (73%) assessable @entity1 treated with @entity3548 and @entity3549 , respectively (difference not significant). The difference in the median time to progression was statistically different (P = .039). The median survival times on @entity3548 and @entity3549 were 7.3 months and 9.0 months, respectively (P = .045 for survival curves by stratified log-rank test) with 2-year survival rates of 5% versus 13%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity3549 combination chemotherapy is associated with an improved time to progression and overall survival over @entity3548 therapy in @entity1 with extensive @entity4153 .

title: @entity900 plus @entity2879 with and without XXXX in extensive small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of the iPad as a @entity4064 aid in improving the reading ability of @entity4064 @entity1 (LVPs). METHODS: In this study, 228 consecutive @entity1 that came for their routine eye care examination at the University of Florida, Jacksonville eye clinic, were enrolled. @entity1 met inclusion criteria if they had best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/100 or worse in the best corrected eye and were willing to participate in the study. The @entity1 's reading ability was assessed both with the @entity1 's own spectacles and an iPad. @entity1 were encouraged to enlarge the reading material as well as change the contrast until they could read comfortably. The number of @entity1 able to read the text comfortably was recorded. RESULTS: Out of the total 228 @entity1 who qualified, 103 (45%) were male and 125 (55%) were female. Only 22% could read standard newsprint-sized text (N8) without the help of an iPad. With the help of an iPad, 94% @entity1 with @entity227 were able to read standard newsprint-sized text (N8) or smaller text (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The iPad, a new portable electronic media device, can be adapted by LVPs to improve their reading ability.

title: Evaluation of the iPad as a XXXX aid for improving reading ability.

entities_list: @entity4064 :: ('MESH:D015354', 'Disease') :: ['low vision']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision']

answer: @entity4064 :: (MESH:D015354,Disease) :: ['low vision']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Sclerotium is one of the most persistent organs in filamentous fungi. Control of sclerotial formation is promising in the prevention of @entity66 . In this study, cytological analyses of sclerotial development were conducted in Sclerotinia minor. Number and size of sclerotia were correlated with nutrient concentration of the media. Interruption of aeration by sealing with parafilm completely suppressed sclerotial formation. We also found that reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generated two phases, i.e., @entity273 at sclerotial initial (SI) stage and @entity3612 at outer layer of sclerotial development/mature stages, during sclerotial formation. Ultrastructural analyses revealed that ROS was prominently produced at the outer layer of sclerotia in sclerotial mature (SM) phase. Although most of the inhibitors for ROS generation enzymes were ineffective for sclerotial formation, @entity620 , one of the scavengers of @entity273 , inhibited melanin biosynthesis during sclerotial maturation stage. The mycelia sealed with parafilm, when exogenously sprayed with @entity273 , could not produce sclerotium. These results indicated that ROS generation during sclerotial formation is mainly involved in the production of melanin layer.

title: Cytological analysis of the effect of reactive XXXX species on sclerotia formation in Sclerotinia minor.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotial disease']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incisional hernia continues to be a frequent complication of laparotomies. The purpose of study is the analysis of @entity66 relapse after one year after different open plasties methods of the abdominal wall. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective longitudinal study was performed that included 142 @entity1 . An analysis was performed on the individual data, the level of @entity28 , @entity954 in intra-abdominal pressure, the intensity of post-surgical @entity158 , the @entity532 , and the types of plasties of abdominal wall, simple and with @entity7502 mesh. RESULTS: The analysis of studied group showed a general rate of relapse of 16.9%, and within the 4 procedures, 40.74% in the case of simple plasties, of 16.07% after the only plasties, 6.97% after the retro-muscular plasties, and 6.25% after the full substitution of @entity154 . On analysing the collected, hernia relapse was statistically significantly related to the level of @entity28 , variations in intra-abdominal pressure, post-surgical @entity158 , and the type of procedure performed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity547 is a frequent complication of laparotomies. @entity4557 was more frequent in the case of simple plasties. Among the mesh procedures, the onlay plasty showed a higher rate of relapse and @entity532 . @entity4557 was more frequent in the case of variations of intra-abdominal pressure, and with increased post-surgical @entity158 . The use of an echography examination may increase the accuracy of the presence of @entity66 .

title: [ XXXX recurrence long term follow-up after open procedures of abdominal wall plasty-prospective study including 142 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['parietal defect']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['hernia disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['Hernia relapse']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['post-surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intra-surgical variations']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['Hernia']


abstract: It has been suggested that an inherent airway epithelial repair defect is the root cause of airway remodeling in @entity565 . However, the relationship between airway epithelial injury and repair, airway remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has not been directly examined. We investigated the contribution of epithelial damage and repair to the development of airway remodeling and AHR using a validated @entity12683 (NA)-induced @entity19 model of @entity130 . In addition, we examined the endogenous versus exogenous role of the epithelial repair peptide @entity24586 ( @entity24586 ) in disease pathogenesis. A single dose of NA (200 mg/kg in 10 ml/kg body weight @entity4336 oil [CO] vehicle, intraperitoneally) was administered to @entity19 . Control @entity19 were treated with CO (10 ml/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after NA or CO injection, AHR and various measures of airway remodeling were examined by invasive plethysmography and morphometric analyses, respectively. @entity24586 -deficient @entity19 and intranasal treatment were used to examine the role of the epithelial repair peptide. NA treatment induced denudation and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells, goblet cell metaplasia, elevated AHR, and increased levels of endogenous @entity24586 . Airway epithelial changes peaked at 12 hours after NA treatment, whereas airway remodeling changes were observed from 48 hours. @entity24586 was protective against epithelial damage and induced remodeling and was found to mediate organ protection via a platelet-derived growth factor-associated mechanism. Our findings directly demonstrate the contribution of epithelial damage to airway remodeling and AHR and suggest that preventing airway epithelial damage and promoting epithelial repair may have therapeutic implications for @entity565 treatment.

title: Mechanistic insights into the contribution of epithelial damage to airway remodeling. Novel therapeutic targets for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12683 :: ('MESH:C031721', 'Chemical') :: ['naphthalene']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['airway injury']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the peri-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) effects on EEG spectral power changes in @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHOD: Fifty-four cases were included. The diagnosis was made by polysomnography (PSG). C3/A2 was analyzed by using fast Fourier transform (FFT). @entity2198 ( @entity2198 ), median power frequency (MPF). a-index, beta-index, delta-index and theta-index were compared with those peri-UPPP treatment. RESULT: Sleep architecture was improved after UPPP. The ratio of slow wave sleep increased. A decrease of mean @entity2198 in total sleep period. The mean MPF was decreased during stage IV. a-index and beta-index were decreased, delta-index and theta-index were increased after the therapy. CONCLUSION: The UPPP therapy has an acute effect in improving the sleep architecture and EEG power spectrum. These changes may be related to the recovery of cerebral function in @entity1 with @entity27 .

title: [Peri-uvulopalatopharyngoplasty electroencephalogram spectral power analysis in XXXX with @entity27 ].

entities_list: @entity2198 :: ('MESH:D006316', 'Disease') :: ['SEF', 'Spectral edge frequency']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAHS', 'obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twelve @entity1 with the histologic diagnosis of soft-tissue @entity2695 of the extremities (nine intramuscular, two subcutaneous, and one synovial) were evaluated in a retrospective study using plain film radiography (n = 12), angiography (n = 8), computed tomography (CT; n = 4), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 3), and ultrasonography (US; n = 2). In eight of nine intramuscular lesions, the plain film demonstration of phleboliths suggested the diagnosis, while the plain radiographs were normal in three. Angiograms showed the pathognomonic features of soft-tissue @entity2695 in six @entity1 . MRI was characteristic in all three @entity1 : The lesion demonstrated intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted spin echo images and extremely bright signal on T2-weighting. US showed a hypoechoic soft-tissue mass in one case and a mixed echo pattern in the other. In one case, a central echogenic focus with acoustic shadowing consistent with a calcified phlebolith was identified, and one lesion exhibited increased color flow and low resistance arterial Doppler signal. CT showed a nonspecific mass in one of four cases and a mass with phleboliths in three. If a @entity2695 is suspected, we recommend initial imaging with plain radiography followed by MRI. US may be useful in confirming the presence of a mass in doubtful cases or if MRI is unavailable. CT offers no distinct advantage over the combined use of plain radiography and MRI. Although angiography demonstrated the pathognomonic features in all six deeply situated lesions, because of its invasiveness it should be reserved chiefly for those @entity1 undergoing surgical resection.

title: Imaging strategies in the evaluation of soft-tissue XXXX of the extremities: correlation of the findings of plain radiography, angiography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography in 12 histologically proven cases.

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma', 'deep hemangioma']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['hemangiomas']


abstract: The aim of this prospective observational study was to present relevant data on the efficacy and safety of @entity800 in the treatment of chronic @entity1069 (NIH-II) in the daily clinical routine of urologists in their practices. In total, 243 @entity1 were treated, including 62 @entity1 with a microbiologically confirmed diagnosis -based on @entity1069 ( @entity1069 ). The current evaluation is based on these @entity1 . Their median age was 53 years. The @entity1 were treated with @entity800 500 mg / day for 29 days (median) which is in accordance to the -registered recommendation for this indication. Clinical symptoms were assessed using a standardised questionnaire. The clinical symptoms @entity3833 , @entity158 ejaculation, perineal @entity158 , @entity1876 , increased urgency, @entity1069 during palpation as well as CRP and number of leukocytes showed statistically significant improvements at the end of therapy with @entity800 as compared to baseline. At the end of treatment 93.5 % (n = 58 / 62, 95 % confidence interval: 84.5 %-97.8 %) of the @entity1 were cured or improved. The @entity1 were able to resume their regular activities after 10 days (median). 93.5 % (n = 58 / 62) of the @entity1 and 95.2 % (n = 59 / 62) of the doctors were satisfied or very satisfied with this treatment. In all 62 @entity1 the diagnosis was microbiologically confirmed based on @entity1069 . In 39 @entity1 (62.9 %) @entity526 was identified. At the end of therapy microbiological testing was performed in 62.9 % (n = 39 / 62) of the @entity1 , in 29 cases including @entity1069 . In 37 of these 39 @entity1 (94.9 %) no pathogen was identified. In 2 cases (5.1 %) a pathogen was identified ( @entity5609 and Staphylococcus species). In 181 @entity1 without microbiological confirmation -based on @entity1069 comparable clinical results were found. In the total population of 243 @entity1 5 adverse drug reactions were reported in 3 @entity1 (incidence 1.2 %, n = 3 / 243), The results of this study confirm the efficacy and safety of @entity800 in the treatment of chronic @entity1069 in daily clinical practice.

title: [Practice management of chronic @entity1069 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1069 :: ('MESH:D053448', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial prostatitis', 'EPS', 'expressed prostatic secretion', 'prostate pain']

entities_list: @entity5609 :: ('584', 'Species') :: ['Proteus mirabilis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity1876 :: ('MESH:D001748', 'Disease') :: ['urinary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity800 :: (MESH:D015242,Chemical) :: ['levofloxacin']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of 3 different tendon transfer techniques in restoring grip strength, correcting @entity1847 , and improving hand function after irreparable @entity3165 . METHOD: A total of 44 @entity1 were assessed 14 to 96 months after surgery. Twenty-four @entity1 were reconstructed with the flexor digitorum 4-tail (FDS 4-tail) procedure, 11 with the extensor carpi radialis 4-tail (ECRL 4-tail) procedure and 9 with Zancolli's Lasso procedure (ZLP) with mean @entity912 times of 47, 51, and 32 months, respectively. Grip strength measurements, improvement in active range of motion at the PIP and wrist joints, @entity1 ' ability to fully open and close their hands, as well as the sequence of phalangeal flexion were analyzed. RESULTS: Age, sex, mean follow-up duration, and surgical technique did not relate statistically to the functional outcome. Preoperative extensor lag of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and mean @entity912 time, however, significantly affected the functional outcome. The ZLP and the ECRL 4-tail were found to be the most effective technique in restoring grip strength. The FDS 4-tail procedure, however, was the most successful in correcting the @entity1847 , especially in long-standing @entity912 in which there was elongation of the extensor apparatus. CONCLUSIONS: In short-term @entity912 in which @entity1 predominantly need grip strength and claw @entity154 correction, the ZLP or ECRL 4-tail procedures are recommended. In long-standing cases with extensor lag, asynchronous finger motion should be corrected with the FDS 4-tail procedure.

title: Three tendon transfer methods in reconstruction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3165 :: ('MESH:D020424', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['finger deformity']

entities_list: @entity1847 :: ('MESH:D006226', 'Disease') :: ['claw hand deformity']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3165 :: (MESH:D020424,Disease) :: ['ulnar nerve palsy']


abstract: Pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the extraction of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) from contaminated soils from Husarviken in Stockholm, Sweden. The extraction step was followed by conventional gas chromatography (GC), comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) (both with flame ionisation detection) and gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC- @entity15 ) analysis. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of the results are considered. Qualitatively, results from all chromatographic analyses are in good agreement, and PLE provides a reliable extraction technique with all @entity2556 extracted in one extraction step; no carry over was observed. With respect to PAH quantification, some variability in results was noted, with better agreement in PAH concentrations for GC and GC x GC measurement, as compared to GC- @entity15 . GC analysis compares favourably with GC x GC apart from the few exceptions where peaks are not fully resolved from other co-extracted analytes, which compromises GC-FID measurement. For example, @entity25945 shows a much higher concentration when measured by GC-FID, demonstrating the superior separating powers of GC x GC; the latter is the preferred technique if precise and accurate quantification of analytes are required. GC- @entity15 results compare reasonably with GC x GC for low-molecular mass @entity2556 but not for high-molecular mass @entity2556 ; results for GC- @entity15 are consistently higher than those for GC x GC for high-molecular mass @entity2556 . Since PLE-GC x GC is proposed as a broad screening tool, the demand for precise quantification may be relaxed in the present situation. GC x GC has the added advantage of providing chemical structural information within the two-dimensional contour presentation. Reproducibilities for GC x GC results (peak area) and 2tR were acceptable with relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of 8 and 1%, respectively (at the mg/kg level), and good repeatability within samples was achieved.

title: Pressurised liquid extraction--comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography for fast-screening of XXXX in soil.

entities_list: @entity25945 :: ('MESH:C042552', 'Chemical') :: ['acenaphthene']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: Salmon lice @entity25282 are an ecologically and economically important parasite of wild and farmed salmon. In Scotland, Norway, and Eastern Canada, @entity25282 have developed resistance to @entity16036 ( @entity18794 ), one of the few parasiticides available for salmon lice. Drug resistance mechanisms can be complex, potentially differing among populations and involving multiple genes with additive effects (i.e., polygenic resistance). Indicators of resistance development may enable early detection and countermeasures to avoid the spread of resistance. Here, we collect sensitive Pacific @entity25282 and sensitive and resistant Atlantic @entity25282 from salmon farms, propagate in laboratory (F1), expose to @entity18794 in bioassays, and evaluate either baseline (Atlantic only) or induced transcriptomic differences between populations. In all populations, induced responses were minor and a cellular stress response was not identified. Pacific lice did not upregulate any genes in response to @entity18794 , but downregulated degradative enzymes and transport proteins at 50  ppb @entity18794 . Baseline differences between sensitive and now resistant Atlantic lice were much greater than responses to exposures. All resistant lice overexpressed degradative enzymes, and resistant males, the most resistant group, overexpressed collagenases to the greatest extent. These results indicate an accumulation of baseline expression differences related to resistance.

title: Transcriptomic responses to @entity16036 in Pacific and Atlantic Canada salmon lice XXXX with differing levels of drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity25282 :: ('72036', 'Species') :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis', 'L.  salmonis']

entities_list: @entity16036 :: ('MESH:C108024', 'Chemical') :: ['emamectin benzoate']

answer: @entity25282 :: (72036,Species) :: ['Lepeophtheirus salmonis']


abstract: @entity117 , intravenous nitrates and fibrinolysis were being used by 1986 in Girona, Spain. These combined factors should be reflected in @entity583 @entity1 ' outcome. We assessed changes in 28-day and 3-year survival after a first @entity583 between 1978-85 and 1986-88 in the REGICOR (Registre GIron   del COR) registry. This included 1216 consecutive @entity1 with a first transmural @entity583 (834 in 1978-85 and 372 in 1986-88). Their 28-day and 3-year mortality rates were 14.6% and 8.8% respectively. Although @entity1 admitted in the second period were more frequently @entity101 and @entity6 , a history of @entity951 was less common in @entity1 admitted between 1978 and 1985. After adjusting for @entity6 , @entity101 , age, and sex, the relative risk of 28-day mortality of those admitted in the second period was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.42-0.99). The lower severity, as measured by Killip class of @entity1 in the second period, was the main (confounding) variable responsible for this protective effect. Three-year mortality of those surviving 28 days in 1978-85 (8.3%) did not differ from 1986-88 (8.3%). In the second study period hospitalized @entity1 with @entity583 in Girona, Spain showed a better 28-day survival. It is possible that therapeutic and diagnostic refinements, together with other factors not controlled in the present study, have resulted in such an improvement. However, 3-year mortality remained unmodified among those surviving 28 days.

title: Improvement in survival after XXXX between 1978-85 and 1986-88 in the REGICOR study. (Registre GIron   del COR) registry.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To address the symptoms of depersonalization and derealization a specific dissociative subtype of @entity1005 has been included in @entity4987 . Depersonalization and derealization have been defined as @entity4785 since DSM-III. @entity4785 with chronic features are often diagnosed in North America, Canada and other European countries, but this is not the case in Argentina. @entity4785 have clinical and historical features that are strongly connected with @entity9496 . The latter is included in ICD-10 within the guidelines for diagnoses of @entity4785 . This would be one of the reasons for not using @entity4785 with chronic presentations of symptoms like depersonalization and derealization in countries other than North America or Canada: instead @entity9496 keeps on been used. The relation between @entity130 , dissociation and @entity9496 has been explained in different ways depending on the underlying theory (i.e. Janet's or Freud's). Janet's conceptualizations have had decisive influence in DSM formulations in chronic forms of @entity4785 . Janet's and Freud's theories lead to different consequences on psychotherapy: hypnosis or psychoanalysis. The aim of this article is to show that the authors of @entity1005 dissociative subtype are in search of a cross-cultural validity of the construct which might be able to exert a more global influence.

title: [Translating XXXX : @entity1005 dissociative subtype].

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['dissociative disorders', 'acute and chronic symptoms of dissociative disorders', 'Dissociative disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity9496 :: (MESH:D007046,Disease) :: ['Hysteria']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In France, in 2010, @entity286 induced 81% of @entity2 corresponding to about 28,000 @entity204 . Continued smoking after diagnosis has a significant impact on treatment. In @entity1 with @entity2 , the benefits of smoking cessation are present at any stage of disease. For early stages, smoking cessation decreases postoperative morbidity, reduces the risk of second @entity5 and improves survival. Previous to surgery, smoking cessation of at least six to eight weeks or as soon as possible is recommended in order to reduce the risk of @entity166 . @entity286 could alter the metabolism of certain chemotherapies and targeted therapies, such as @entity669 kinase inhibitors of the EGF receptor, through an interaction with P450 cytochrome. @entity137 of radiations could be lower in @entity1 with @entity2 who did not quit smoking before treatment. For @entity1 treated by radio-chemotherapy, overall survival seems to be better in former smokers but no difference is observed in terms of recurrence-free survival. For advanced stages, smoking cessation enhances @entity1 ' quality of life. Smoking cessation should be considered as full part of @entity2 treatment whatever the stage of disease.

title: [Consequences of XXXX smoking on @entity2 treatments.]

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'deaths by lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the variation of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained with DWI can predict elevated levels of Ki67 proliferation index and aggressive subtypes in @entity1 with @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Breast MRI studies of 115 @entity1 (mean age 57.3  years, range 36-81  years) with a biopsy-proven @entity0 were evaluated in this retrospective IRB-approved study. Examinations were performed on a 1.5  T magnet and included a Single-Shot Echoplanar DWI sequence with b values of 0 and 1000  s/mm(2). For each @entity75 , ADC was measured. ADC values were compared considering Ki67 status (>= 20  % or <20  %), histology, grade ( @entity38282 ) and clinical-pathological classification (Luminal A, Luminal B @entity1722 -positive, Luminal B @entity1722 negative, @entity1722 enriched and Triple Negative). Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for comparisons and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained. Inter- and intra-reader variability was evaluated in a subset of 40 @entity1 , using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: Of 115 lesions, 53 (46.1  %) were assessed as Ki67 positive and 62 (53.9  %) as Ki67 negative. ADC values were significantly (p  <  0.0001) lower in Ki67-positive @entity1 (median 0.86  *  10(-3) mm(2)/s; interquartile range 0.75-0.92) compared to Ki67-negative (median 1.03  *  10(-3) mm(2)/s; interquartile range 0.92-1.13). Median ADC was also lower in G2 and G3 @entity5 and in the Luminal B @entity1722 -negative subtype (p  =  0.0015). No differences were found when evaluating histology. ROC curve showed a sensitivity and specificity of 83.0 and 66.1  %, respectively, when using a cutoff of 0.95  s/mm(2) to differentiate Ki67-positive from Ki67-negative @entity5 . Inter- and intra-reader variability was moderate (ICC  =  0.623; ICC  =  0.548, respectively). No systematic differences were identified with Bland-Altman plots. CONCLUSIONS: Lower ADC values are associated with elevated Ki67 proliferation index and more aggressive pathologic features. Moderate agreement in ADC measurement could be a limitation.

title: MR mammography using diffusion-weighted imaging in evaluating XXXX : a correlation with proliferation index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Several groups are developing visual prostheses to aid @entity1 with @entity1018 . While these devices have shown some success in the clinic, they are severely limited by poor resolution, and in many cases have as few as 15 electrodes. Pixel density is poor because high stimulation thresholds require large electrodes to minimize charge density that would otherwise damage the electrode and tissue. A significant contributor to high stimulation threshold requirements is poor biocompatibility. We investigated the application of one system popular in tissue engineering, drug-releasing hydrogels, as a mechanism to improve the tissue-electrode interface. Hydrogels studied (i.e., @entity59906 photocrosslinkable polymers) released @entity2057 (i.e., @entity2252 ) known to promote neuron survival and neurite extension in the retina. Hydrogels were examined in co-culture with retinal explants for 7 and 14 days, at which time neurite extension and neurite density was measured. Neurite extension was enhanced in samples exposed to @entity2252 -releasing hydrogels at 7 days; however, these increases were absent by day 14 suggesting declining drug release. Thus, @entity59906 hydrogels are excellent candidates for short-term (< 14 day) acute release of therapeutic factors in the retina, but will require additional modifications for application with neural prostheses. Additionally, these results suggest that the effects of @entity2057 are short-lived in the absence of additional support cues, and tissue engineering systems employing such factors may only produce transient benefits to the @entity1 .

title: Tissue Engineering Applied to the Retinal Prosthesis: XXXX -Eluting Polymeric Hydrogel Coatings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['vision loss']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic factors']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['Neurotrophin']


abstract: The American @entity1514 Society and European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) have been published recently. However, the influence, practical application, and utility of the prior consensus statement for @entity2416 have never been evaluated. Demographics, diagnostic criteria, pulmonary function data, and disposition of @entity1 with @entity2416 evaluated at an @entity401 center between 2000 and 2009 were analyzed. Enrollment in clinical drug trials, lung transplantation, and mortality also were assessed. A total of 521 @entity1 with @entity2416 were evaluated, with pulmonary function testing available in 446. In the 64% of @entity1 without surgical lung biopsy, the most common major criterion not fulfilled was bronchoscopy. Lung transplantation was performed in 16.1% of @entity1 , whereas 27.4% of prescreened @entity1 were enrolled in a prospective drug study. @entity1 with mild, moderate, and severe disease categorized by FVC % predicted had median survivals of 55.6, 38.7, and 27.4 months, respectively. The attrition rate of @entity1 who survived beyond 5 years was attenuated in subsequent years. @entity2416 remains a @entity66 with a poor prognosis. Bronchoscopy does not appear to be required for an accurate diagnosis. A minority of @entity1 were accommodated within a clinical trial or with transplantation. Categorization by baseline FVC % predicted effectively discriminates groups with different long-term outcomes. Our analysis supports the view that the value of statements also can be realized in the subsequent demonstration of their impact on @entity1 management, which might enable further refinements in a continuous, iterative rediscovery process.

title: Long-term course and prognosis of XXXX in the new millennium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: In older adults, falls are a common cause of functional decline, institutionalization, and reduced quality of life. This study (1) investigates the prevalence of falls in a large sample of community-dwelling older adults with a @entity5 diagnosis and (2) evaluates the association of falls with domains of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) that pertain to falls risk. METHODS: @entity1 completed a CGA that includes a self-reported measure of number of falls in the past 6  months. Summary statistics are used to describe prevalence of falls and associations with hypothesized risk factors using Fisher's exact tests and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1172 @entity1 were enrolled, mean age 73 (65-99), 74  % female, and 89  % Caucasian. Two hundred fifty-six (22  %) reported one or more falls within the last 6  months. @entity1 with at least one instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) or physical function deficit had more falls as compared those with no deficits identified (p    <=   0.001). The number of daily medications, comorbidities, Timed Up and Go score >14  s, and @entity227 were also associated with increased falls (p    <=   0.001). Reduced physical function, @entity227 , and low performance status had the highest adjusted odds ratio (3.6, 3.4, and 3.0, respectively) for falls. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of falls in community-dwelling older @entity1 with a @entity5 diagnosis. Falls are significantly associated with several measures of geriatric assessment including IADL, physical function, comorbidities, medications, and vision. Timely identification and management of risk factors for falls are important considerations in the care of older @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Geriatric assessment as an aide to understanding falls in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['poor vision']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: We wished to study how the severity and duration of early onset @entity227 affects eye alignment and ocular stability. Thirty-three @entity1 (aged 1 week to 12.8 years) with infantile @entity231 (16 bilateral, 17 unilateral) were examined for periods up to 61 months. Twenty-three @entity1 were considered to have @entity231 , which were a major obstacle to vision (major form deprivation), 9 of whom underwent surgery within 8 weeks of birth (mean and SD=5.2+/-2.3 weeks) and 10 after 8 weeks (mean and SD=33.9+/-29.7 months). Eye alignment and fixation stability was measured using infrared recording systems and video. Visual acuity was assessed using forced-choice preferential looking techniques in the neonates and @entity1 and with optotypes in the @entity1 . Fifteen of the 23 (65%) @entity1 who experienced major form deprivation exhibited a @entity346 , of which 11 (73%) were @entity346 ( @entity346 ). Nineteen of the 23 (85%) had strabismus. Of the nine @entity1 who underwent early surgery (< or =8 weeks), two displayed a @entity346 whilst between 10 and 39 months post-operatively 8 (89%) exhibited a @entity346 . Of the group of 10 @entity1 with minor @entity231 only 2 (1 late surgery, 1 no surgery) had @entity346 and 2 strabismus. We conclude that following optimal post-operative management of infantile @entity231 a sustained @entity346 --typically an @entity346 --is the most likely ocular motor outcome, even when the period of deprivation is as short as 3 weeks.

title: Ocular motor outcomes after bilateral and unilateral infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deprivation']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['MLN', 'preoperative nystagmus', 'manifest latent nystagmus', 'nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataracts']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataracts']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increased release of excitatory neurotransmitters leading to activation of signal transduction has been noted after @entity2806 . One of the biochemical events in the signaling processes is an alteration of gene expression. A focal @entity2806 -reperfusion model in the @entity35 was used to study the postischemic alteration of selected proto-oncogene and neurotrophin gene expression. METHODS: Focal @entity63 in the cerebral cortex irrigated by the right middle cerebral artery was induced by temporary occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery and both common carotid arteries for 30 or 90 minutes. Expression of selected proto-oncogenes and neurotrophin genes was studied with Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: Northern blot analysis showed that an increase in the expression of selected proto-oncogenes including @entity5019 , c- @entity19505 , @entity28140 , zif/268, and nur 77 were noted 30 to 90 minutes into postischemic reperfusion. In situ hybridization revealed different regional distribution of @entity5019 mRNA signal under different experimental conditions. Nuclear run-on experiments showed that the increase in @entity5019 and @entity19505 B mRNA signals was due to an increase in the transcription rate. An increase in AP-1 binding activity in the @entity63 cortex was also noted. Increased expression of @entity2136 and nerve @entity2140 mRNAs were noted subsequent to the expression of immediate early genes in the @entity63 cortex and adjacent areas in a biphasic pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Results are in agreement with the contention that increased @entity5019 and @entity28140 expression leads to increased AP-1 binding activity, which in turn has been linked to the enhanced expression of neurotrophin genes.

title: Expression of immediate early gene and @entity2140 mRNAs in a focal XXXX model in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity2136 :: ('24225(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Exercise-induced @entity10107 is difficult to diagnose because the paradoxical vocal cord adduction should be observed during exercise. Our goal was to develop and validate a new diagnostic method for exercise-induced @entity10107 by combining continuous fiberoptic laryngoscopy with a bicycle ergometry test. METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 referred to a laryngologist because of suspicion of exercise-induced @entity10107 and 15 healthy controls underwent the exercise test until @entity1353 or exhaustion rated as 18-19/20 on the Borg scale. Laryngeal findings, electrocardiography, blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were monitored, and forced expiratory flow in the first second was measured before and after the exercise. The medical history was assessed by use of a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the 30 @entity1 , 27 (90%) performed the test successfully, as did all controls. Diagnostic signs of inspiratory stridor, supraglottic collapse, and vocal cord adduction appeared in five (19%) @entity1 but in none of the controls. Of the 30 @entity1 referred, the laryngologist considered 25 to be suspect. Of them, 9 (36%) showed signs diagnostic or highly suspect for exercise-induced @entity10107 . Of the 15 @entity1 whose @entity1353 could be induced during the test, nine (60%) were suspected of having exercise-induced @entity10107 . CONCLUSIONS: Fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy during bicycle ergometry was a well-tolerated and relatively easily established diagnostic tool that could induce @entity1353 in more than one half the @entity1 examined. If the symptom of @entity1353 appeared, the most frequent diagnosis was exercise- induced @entity10107 .

title: Fiberoptic videolaryngoscopy during bicycle ergometry: a diagnostic tool for exercise-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord dysfunction']

answer: @entity10107 :: (MESH:D064706,Disease) :: ['vocal cord dysfunction']


abstract: Cycling cadence (RPM)-related differences in blood @entity880 concentration (BLC) increase with increasing exercise intensity, whilst corresponding divergences in @entity26 uptake ([Formula: see text]O2) and @entity544 production ([Formula: see text]CO2) decrease. Aim of the present study was to test whether a higher RPM reduces the fraction (%) of the [Formula: see text]O2 used for @entity1735 oxidation (relCHO) at a given BLC. Eight males (23.9    1.6 yrs; 177    3 cm; 70.3    3.4 kg) performed incremental load tests at 50 and 100 RPM. BLC, [Formula: see text]O2 and [Formula: see text]CO2 were measured. At @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) < 1, relCHO were calculated and the constant determining 50 % relCHO (kCHO) was approximated as a function of the BLC. At submaximal workload [Formula: see text]O2, [Formula: see text]CO2, and relCHO were lower (all p < 0.002;   (2) > 0.209) at 50 than at 100 RPM. No differences were observed in [Formula: see text]O2peak (3.96    0.22 vs. 4.00    0.25 l    min (-1)) and RERpeak (1.18    0.02 vs. 1.15    0.02). BLC was lower (p < 0.001;   (2) = 0.680) at 50 than at 100 RPM irrespective of cycling intensity. At 50 RPM, kCHO (4.2    1.4 (mmol    l (-1))(3)) was lower (p = 0.043;   (2) = 0.466) than at 100 RPM (5.9    1.9 (mmol    l (-1))(3)). This difference in kCHO reflects a reduced CHO oxidation at a given BLC at 100 than at 50 RPM. At a low exercise intensity, a higher cycling cadence can substantially reduce the reliance on @entity435 at a given metabolic rate and/or BLC.

title: High cycling cadence reduces XXXX oxidation at given low intensity metabolic rate.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['RER', 'respiratory exchange ratios']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of n-of-1 trials for short-term choice of drugs for @entity571 , with particular reference to comparing the efficacy of sustained-release [SR] @entity1443 with @entity12698 in individual @entity1 . METHODS: Evaluation of community-based @entity1 undergoing n-of-1 trials which consisted of double-blind, crossover comparisons of @entity12698 200 or 400 mg/day with sustained-release @entity1443 1330 mg three times a day in three pairs of 2 week treatment periods per drug with random order of the drugs within pairs. Outcomes evaluated were @entity158 and stiffness in sites nominated by the @entity1 , functional limitation scores, preferred medication, side effects and changes in drug use after an n-of-1 trial. @entity1 were 59 @entity1 with @entity571 in multiple sites ( @entity60530 , knee 24, hand 6, shoulder/neck 8, back 14, foot 5), with @entity158 for >or=1 month severe enough to warrant consideration of long-term use of @entity12698 but for whom there was doubt about its efficacy. Forty-one n-of-1 trials were completed. RESULTS: Although on average, @entity12698 showed better scores than SR @entity1443 [0.2 (0.1) for @entity158 , 0.3 (0.1) for stiffness and 0.3 (0.1) for functional limitation], 33 of the 41 individual @entity1 (80%) failed to identify the differences between SR @entity1443 and @entity12698 in terms of overall symptom relief. Of the eight @entity1 who were able to identify the differences, seven had better relief with @entity12698 and one with SR @entity1443 . In 25 out of 41 [61%] @entity1 , subsequent management was consistent with their trial results. CONCLUSIONS: N-of-1 trials may provide a rational and effective method to best choose drugs for individuals with @entity571 . SR @entity1443 is more useful than @entity12698 for most @entity1 of whom management is uncertain.

title: XXXX compared with sustained-release @entity1443 for @entity571 : a series of n-of-1 trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['Celecoxib']


abstract: Protecting the public from dangerous mentally ill offenders is an important issue in may countries. The UK, Scotland and Germany for example are looking for new ways to deal with this issue and some have looked at the Dutch system of first sending the offender to prison for a number of years and then for treatment to a secure clinical facility. Dutch law uses the term @entity14764 : detention at the government's pleasure. Legal rights of the @entity1 under the @entity14764 -order are protected by regular evaluations to help the court determine if the @entity1 still poses a danger to society. These evaluations take place every two years, at the end of each extension period. Every six years an extra assessment by independent experts is obligatory. In this same period other types of assessment occur too, such as for transferral to a long-stay unit. A complicated succession of experts may visit the @entity1 , asking the same questions and using the same files, distracting his or her attention and motivation from the treatment process. This system is threatened by the qualitative and quantitative scarcity of properly qualified experts. Measures have been taken to counteract these difficulties, but will they suffice?

title: Psychiatric assessment after every six years of the XXXX order in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity14764 :: (MESH:C536974,Disease) :: ['TBS']


abstract: Aspirates of pus from @entity8963 were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Bacterial growth was present in 23 specimens. A total of 36 bacterial isolates (20 anaerobic and 16 aerobic and facultative) were recovered, accounting for 1.6 isolates per specimen (0.9 anaerobic and 0.7 aerobic and facultative). Anaerobic bacteria only were present in 10 (43%) @entity1 , aerobic and facultatives in 10 (43%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora in 3 (13%). Single bacterial isolates were recovered in 9 infections, 6 of which were @entity794 and 3 were anaerobic bacteria. The predominant bacterial isolates were @entity794 (8 isolates), Bacteroides sp. (6 isolates, including 4 @entity11625 group), and Peptostreptococcus sp. (5). beta-Lactamase-producing organisms were recovered from 11 (73%) of the 15 specimens tested. This study highlights the polymicrobial nature and importance of anaerobic bacteria in @entity8963 .

title: Aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11625 :: ('28132', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides melaninogenicus']

entities_list: @entity8963 :: ('MESH:D013969', 'Disease') :: ['acute suppurative parotitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

answer: @entity8963 :: (MESH:D013969,Disease) :: ['acute suppurative parotitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cardiac output (CO) and reversibility of @entity2898 -induced moderate @entity4094 with @entity19271 in elderly @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty elderly (>=  65 years) @entity1 were enrolled in this study. During 1.0-1.5% end-tidal sevoflurane and @entity1937 anaesthesia, contraction of the adductor pollicis muscle in response to ulnar nerve stimulation was acceleromyographically quantified. All @entity1 initially received 1 mg/kg @entity2898 followed by 0.2 mg/kg whenever the second twitch T2 of the @entity3370 ( @entity3370 ) response reappeared. CO was measured throughout the study using a FloTrac   /Vigileo    monitor. After completion of surgery and at the reappearance of T2, the time required for a bolus dose of 2 mg/kg @entity19271 to facilitate recovery to a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 was recorded, and its correlation with CO was analysed. RESULTS: Adequate recovery of @entity4094 was achieved after @entity19271 in all @entity1 . Mean CO at the time of reversal with @entity19271 was 5.3 l/min (1.3), and recovery time to a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 was 173.4 s (54.8). A statistically significant inverse correlation was seen between the time to recovery to a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 and CO [reversal time (s)   =   -27.7  CO + 298.7, R(2)    = 0.461, P < 0.0001]. CONCLUSIONS: The time to reach a @entity3370 ratio of 0.9 following @entity19271 is dependent on CO in elderly @entity1 .

title: Correlation between cardiac output and reversibility of XXXX -induced moderate @entity4094 with @entity19271 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular block']

entities_list: @entity2898 :: ('MESH:C061870', 'Chemical') :: ['rocuronium']

entities_list: @entity3370 :: ('MESH:C538154', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'train-of-four']

entities_list: @entity19271 :: ('MESH:C453980', 'Chemical') :: ['sugammadex']

entities_list: @entity1937 :: ('MESH:C071741', 'Chemical') :: ['remifentanil']

answer: @entity2898 :: (MESH:C061870,Chemical) :: ['rocuronium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to better understand the high variability in response seen when treating @entity1 subjects with restorative therapies poststroke. Preclinical studies suggest that neural function, @entity130 , and clinical status each influence treatment gains; therefore, the current study hypothesized that a multivariate approach incorporating these 3 measures would have the greatest predictive value. METHODS: @entity1 3 to 6 months poststroke underwent a battery of assessments before receiving 3 weeks of standardized upper extremity robotic therapy. Candidate predictors included measures of @entity1545 (including to gray and white matter), neural function (cortical function and cortical connectivity), and clinical status (demographics/medical history, cognitive/mood, and impairment). RESULTS: Among all 29 @entity1 , predictors of treatment gains identified measures of @entity1545 (smaller corticospinal tract [CST] injury), cortical function (greater ipsilesional motor cortex [M1] activation), and cortical connectivity (greater interhemispheric M1-M1 connectivity). Multivariate modeling found that best prediction was achieved using both CST injury and M1-M1 connectivity (r(2)    =   0.44, p   =   0.002), a result confirmed using Lasso regression. A threshold was defined whereby no subject with >63% CST injury achieved clinically significant gains. Results differed according to @entity64 subtype; gains in @entity1 with @entity64 were best predicted by a measure of intrahemispheric connectivity. INTERPRETATION: Response to a restorative therapy after @entity64 is best predicted by a model that includes measures of both @entity130 and function. Neuroimaging measures were the best predictors and may have an ascendant role in clinical decision making for poststroke rehabilitation, which remains largely reliant on behavioral assessments. Results differed @entity64 subtypes, suggesting the utility of lesion-specific strategies. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:132-145.

title: Neural function, injury, and @entity64 subtype predict treatment gains after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar stroke', 'stroke', 'across stroke']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['neural injury']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non- @entity117 , non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAIDs) have complex effects that could either prevent or promote @entity301 . Comparison of the NANSAID rofexocib with @entity1623 showed a substantial difference in acute @entity583 risk, which has been interpreted as a protective effect of @entity1623 . We did an observational study to measure the effects of NANSAIDs, including @entity1623 , on risk of serious @entity301 . METHODS: We used data from the Tennessee Medicaid programme obtained between Jan 1, 1987, and Dec 31, 1998, to identify a cohort of new NANSAID users (n=181 441) and an equal number of non-users, matched for age, sex, and date NANSAID use began. Both groups were 50-84 years of age, were not resident in a nursing home, and did not have life-threatening illness. The study endpoint was hospital admission for acute @entity583 or death from @entity301 . FINDINGS: During 532634 @entity1 -years of follow-up, 6362 cases of serious @entity301 occurred, or 11.9 per 1000 @entity1 -years. Multivariate-adjusted rate ratios for current and former use of NANSAIDs were 1.05 (95% CI 0.97-1.14) and 1.02 (0.97-1.08), respectively. Rate ratios for @entity1623 , @entity5018 , and other NANSAIDs were 0.95 (0.82-1.09), 1.15 (1.02-1.28), and 1.03 (0.92-1.16), respectively. There was no protection among long-term NANSAID users with uninterrupted use; the rate ratio among current users with more than 60 days of continuous use was 1.05 (0.91-1.21). When @entity1623 was directly compared with @entity5018 , the current-use rate ratio was 0.83 (0.69-0.98). INTERPRETATION: Absence of a protective effect of @entity1623 or other NANSAIDs on risk of @entity301 suggests that these drugs should not be used for cardioprotection.

title: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of serious XXXX : an observational cohort study.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite well-conducted medical treatment, refractory @entity428 occurs in 10-15% of @entity1 with severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ). Surgical decompression procedures, such as hemicraniectomy, are mainly considered as a rescue therapy. However, the long-term neurological outcomes of these @entity1 remain controversial. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term evolution of @entity1 requiring surgical decompression surgery in our ICU over the last 7years. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-centre study over the last 7years. Severe @entity131 @entity1 presenting a refractory @entity428 ( @entity428 ) and who underwent decompression surgery were included. Demographic data, in-hospital complications ( @entity166 , @entity410 ) and in-hospital mortality were studied. @entity1 were further (from 1 to 8years post injury) contacted for questioning including evaluation of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), recovery of professional activity, concentration disorders, motor and @entity717 , @entity25 , @entity10 , or @entity410 occurrences. We compared this population with @entity1 presenting @entity428 not needing surgery, and matched on gender, age, SAPS II scores, initial GCS, and time since @entity131 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 required decompression surgery during the studied period (2%), half of whom deceased during that time. Among surviving @entity1 , 22% had @entity410 . @entity2414 represented the most frequently reported disability (100% of questioned @entity1 ). Half of the @entity1 presented @entity25 and @entity10 after hospitalization. Only 33% of these @entity1 recovered a professional activity after treatment. Compared to the matched population, long-term neurological status was equivalent in survivors. CONCLUSION: In this small retrospective study, we found that decompression surgery performed for traumatic refractory raised @entity428 concerned only 2% of our @entity131 @entity1 . According to long-term evaluation, decompression surgery is associated with unfavourable outcomes and disabilities. However, the functional recovery and quality of life in survivors seems equivalent to a matched population. These results require confirmation via larger studies.

title: Decompression surgery for severe @entity131 ( XXXX ): A long-term, single-centre experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory disorders']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICP', 'intracranial hypertension', 'elevated ICP']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mood disabilities']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['TBI']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the surgical failure of lumbar spondylolisthesis and investigate the clinical effect of three @entity353 and fixation in revision of lumbar spondylolisthesis. METHODS: The clinical data of 19 @entity1 underwent revision to lumbar spondylolisthesis was retrospectively analyzed between January 2009 and December 2012. There were 12 males and 7 females, aged from 36 to 68 years old with an average of 51.5 years. Reduction loss of olisthy segment had in 6 cases, internal fixation loosening or breakage had in 5 cases, slippage aggravating had in 8 cases. Clinical symptoms including @entity615 , unilateral or bilateral lower extremity @entity158 and @entity1183 , etc. Revision surgery was performed with three vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation and posterior decompression, reduction, and posterolateral bone graft between vertebral body. For the first time after surgery pedicle screw loosening or @entity174 of vertebral body, to switch thick or long pedicle screws implanted into again, or with bone cement perfusion and implanted with pedicle. The condition of intervertebral fusion and clinical effect were respectively assessed by X-ray films and JOA score. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up from 10 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. X-ray showed all bone graft obtained fusion and fusion time was from 5.5 to 7 months after revision. No pedicle screws loosening and breakage were found and no @entity393 . JOA score were statistically analyzed between preoperative and postoperative at 6 months, in 3 cases with degree I, the score respectively was 13.33    1.53 and 26.33    0.58; in 7 cases with degree II, the score respectively was 12.85    2.19 and 26.29    2.21; in 9 cases with degree III, the score respectively was 12.21    2.73 and 26.44    1.81; there was statistical significance between preoperative and postoperative at 6 months, the improvement rate of JOA was (78.06    3.90)%. CONCLUSION: For the @entity1 with lumbar spondylolisthesis, the reason of primary surgical failure mainly concerned with internal fixation loosening and breakage, and bone graft no-fusion. Revision surgery using three vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation, can get rigid fixation, complete decompression, bone graft fusion, combined with the guidance of the postoperative functional exercise for @entity1 , can obtain satisfactory therapeutic effects.

title: [Three XXXX and fixation for revision of lumbar spondylolisthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral reduction']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['reduction loss vertebral body']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['vertebral reduction']


abstract: Cloning and analysis of a gene that encodes a homologue of @entity57472 ( @entity57472 ) from @entity958 is reported. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligos) corresponding to conserved regions in catalytic domains of various PKs were used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with genomic DNA from A. thaliana as template, in an attempt to identify genes encoding @entity57472 in plants. We obtained several amplified DNA fragments that encoded part of a @entity57472 . We screened a genomic DNA library of A. thaliana with these oligos or PCR fragments as probes. Three genomic clones were obtained and one of them, named @entity42770 , was sequenced and analyzed. @entity42770 was demonstrated by PCR to contain an intron. The mRNA transcribed from @entity42770 was detected predominantly in root tissue by Northern blot analysis. The transcription start point was determined by primer extension. The deduced @entity535 (aa) sequence of the putative product of @entity42770 resembles those of S6 kinases, cyclic @entity377 -dependent PKs and @entity460 -dependent PKs. From this comparison of aa sequences, the @entity42770 protein is considered to be a member of a novel subfamily of Ser/Thr PKs in plants.

title: Characterization of a gene that encodes a homologue of @entity57472 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High-intensity and prolonged exercise significantly enhances the levels of plasma @entity3265 , a metabolite with toxic effects on the central nervous system. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic response of athletes to @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) and @entity493 (Ala) supplementation, since these @entity1522 have a significant influence on both anaplerosis and gluconeogenesis. METHODS: Professional football players were assigned to groups receiving either @entity7647 or Ala supplementation (100 mg kg(-1) body weight); this supplementation was either short-term or long-term and was given immediately before exercise. The players were evaluated using two exercise protocols, one with intervals (n = 18) and the other with continuous intensity (n = 12). RESULTS: Both types of exercises increased @entity3265 , urate, @entity1133 and @entity1011 in blood. Chronic @entity7647 supplementation partially protected against @entity3263 after a football match (intermittent exercise: @entity7647 -140 ( @entity24868 13)% vs Ala -240 ( @entity24868 37)%) and after continuous exercise at 80% of the maximum heart rate ( @entity7647 -481 ( @entity24868 44)% vs placebo -778 ( @entity24868 99)%). Urate increased by 10-20% in all groups, independently of supplementation. @entity1160 once a day supplementation induced a greater elevation in urate as compared to @entity493 at the end of the game; however, long-term supplementation provoked a lesser increment in urate. Exercise induced similar increases in @entity1011 as compared to their respective controls in either acute or chronic @entity1160 administration. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results suggest that chronically supplemented @entity7647 protects against exercise-induced @entity3263 depending on exercise intensity and supplementation duration.

title: @entity1160 protects against increases in blood XXXX in football players in an exercise intensity-dependent way.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: Limb-preserving surgery using modular megaprostheses for the reconstruction of large @entity853 is currently the preferred treatment for @entity242 . The authors report the postoperative outcomes after skeletal resection for lower extremity @entity242 and the use of the METS cemented modular implant system (Stanmore Implants, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom) for reconstruction. They retrospectively studied 52 consecutive @entity1 operated on from 2003 to 2012. There were 27 distal femur prostheses, 13 proximal femur, 11 proximal tibia, and 1 total femur implants. @entity1 were followed for a mean of 4.3 years. Overall @entity1 survival, prosthesis survival, limb salvage rate, and secondary complications were documented. Five years postoperatively, prosthesis survival was 79%. Complications warranting implant revision surgery were documented in 15% of @entity1 , whereas complications warranting surgery of any kind were observed in 27% of the @entity1 . Nonmechanical complications, namely local relapse of the @entity5 and @entity281 , were the most common cause of prosthetic failure, accounting for 88% of major revision surgeries and 100% of amputations. Mechanical complications were rare, observed in only 6% of @entity1 . No @entity1 required secondary revision surgery. The limb salvage rate was 89%. Overall @entity1 survival was 79% at 5 years and 71% at 10 years. The low risk for mechanical complications and the high limb salvage rate support the use of the METS modular megaprostheses for the reconstruction of @entity853 following lower limb @entity242 surgery. [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(5):e401-e406.].

title: Reconstruction with modular megaprostheses for XXXX of the lower extremity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal defects']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['prosthetic infection']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Identification of optimal predictors of the 5.5-year survival in former geriatric inpatients.Investigation of the direction and shape of the relationship between mortality risk and its predictors. DESIGN: Retrospective survival analysis with the application of the Cox proportional hazards model. SETTING: Teaching geriatric unit. @entity1 : 478 inpatients (mean age 77.9; +6.8) discharged from geriatric ward during year 2008, without any exclusion criteria. MEASUREMENTS: Comprehensive geriatric assessment of numerous health variables, body mass index (BMI), clinical and biochemical findings, and outcomes of the final diagnosis. Records on the dates of deaths were obtained from the Provincial Office of Population Register. RESULTS: During the 5.5-year follow-up 209 (43.7%) @entity1 died. In the multivariate setup, six risk factors with an independent impact on mortality were identified: age (p=0.036), cognitive functioning on the Blessed test (p=0.005), score on instrumental ADL (p<0.0001), score on Charlson comorbidity index (p<0.0001), @entity165 level (p<0.0001), BMI (p<0.0001), and hemoglobin level (p=0.02). The latter two predictors exhibited a significant inverted J-shaped association with mortality, i.e., considerably higher risk of @entity204 corresponds to the lower values of these variables in comparison to their higher levels. CONCLUSION: Older age, worse IADL and cognitive functioning, and higher comorbidity were recognized as endangering one's long-term survival. On the other hand, moderate @entity28 (BMI 36), higher @entity165 and the absence of @entity417 (hemoglobin 13.6 g/dL) are associated with longer survival. Therefore, irrespective of the individualized treatment and physical exercise, nutrient-dense food seems to be a key recommendation to prevent frailty or @entity3147 in the oldest and comorbid population.

title: Prognostic factors of long-term survival in geriatric inpatients. Should we change the recommendations for the oldest XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: The compound @entity864 ( @entity865 ) is extremely toxic to the P13 subclone of the Jurkat @entity1 @entity1619 line. By selecting for growth in the presence of @entity865 , we have isolated two @entity865 -resistant variants of these cells, P13-50 and @entity5125 . Studies of @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) enzyme activity, immunoblot analyses, and assays for @entity7131 mRNAs indicate that both of these variants express lower levels of @entity7131 than do the parental P13 cells. We suggest that this protects them from the toxic effects of @entity865 . The @entity5125 /A8 cells are of particular interest because not only are they resistant to @entity865 @entity137 but they actually require @entity865 for optimal growth. These cells have a more profound decrease in @entity7131 expression that do P13-50 cells. In addition, @entity5125 /A8 cells display very little, if any, surface expression of @entity1195 , a receptor-linked @entity669 protein phosphatase, and @entity2952 , a lymphocyte-specific @entity669 kinase. On the other hand, they express a very high level of interleukin-2 receptor. A model is proposed that suggests that these cells are dependent on @entity865 because they have defects in both the @entity7131 and @entity669 kinase signal transduction pathways, and that @entity865 compensates for these defects by providing a strong stimulus to the residual level of @entity7131 . This variant may be useful for studying the interactions between @entity669 kinase and @entity7131 pathways in controlling the various functions of T lymphocytes.

title: Altered expression of @entity7131 , XXXX , and @entity1195 in a @entity864 -dependent @entity1619 -cell variant that expresses a high level of interleukin-2 receptor.

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity2952 :: (3932,Gene) :: ['lck']


abstract: @entity8434 ( @entity8434 ) caused by @entity12047 is a global public health problem. In many areas the disease is being diagnosed in increasing numbers, whilst in other areas it is re-emerging due to the collapse of public health programmes associated with socio-economic changes. Mathematical models of the transmission dynamics between animals can have an important role to play in developing control options. In particular the parasite is highly endemic in many lower income countries where resources to undertake an intensive control programme that has been successful in wealthy countries, such as New Zealand, are not available. Data from @entity235 and livestock have been collected and modelled from a number of different countries and regions. In Australia and New Zealand transmission modelling was first developed and these models have been refined using data from the Middle East and central Asia. The model indicates that relatively intense anthelmintic treatment of the @entity235 population will result in a substantial decrease in the parasite population over time and has been supported by the results of control programmes. However, if the newly developed @entity742 vaccine is included in the control programme, then it should be possible to treat @entity235 less frequently to achieve the same result. This is due to the potentiating effects of attacking the parasite at two places in its life cycle. This should result in considerable cost savings over the use intensive anthelmintic treatment as the sole method of control.

title: Mathematical models for the control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8434 :: ('MESH:D004443', 'Disease') :: ['CE', 'Cystic echinococcosis']

entities_list: @entity12047 :: ('6210', 'Species') :: ['Echinococcus granulosus']

answer: @entity8434 :: (MESH:D004443,Disease) :: ['cystic echinococcosis']


abstract: To identify prognostic factors alternative or additional to drug-resistance and apoptosis proteins, we studied the impact of the expression of @entity1457 ( @entity1457 ) in 98 newly diagnosed @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). @entity2284 was expressed by 39%, @entity11217 by 26%, @entity2285 by 58%, @entity4041 by 41%, and HSP110 by 30% of cases. HSP expressions were correlated with that of differentiation antigens ( @entity2280 , @entity5750 , @entity5824 , @entity1116 ) and that of drug-resistance ( @entity11092 , @entity22757 ) and apoptosis ( @entity588 ) proteins. @entity4041 and HSP110 were correlated with @entity13352 subtype and karyotypic grouping. Complete remission (CR) was obtained in 68 cases (69%). Median disease-free survival (DFS) of the 68 remitters was 18.1 months with a 3-year DFS rate of 41%. CR rates were higher in @entity1 with lower expression of @entity1457 . @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was significantly longer in @entity1 with lower expression of @entity1457 . Cytogenetics, @entity2280 positive expression, @entity22757 positive expression, and HSP110 positive expression remained as pejorative prognostic factors for @entity1349 in the multivariate analysis. When considering @entity1 with intermediate risk cytogenetics, HSP110 and @entity11092 positive expressions and @entity1116 negative expression were of poor outcome, while @entity2284 and @entity11217 positive expressions appeared of pejorative prognostic value in @entity1 with unfavorable karyotypes.

title: Expression of XXXX is associated with major adverse prognostic factors in @entity3052 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['HSPs', 'heat-shock proteins']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat-shock proteins']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity1 was a 65-year-old @entity1 . He had not defecated for a week in early December 2015, and had noticed abdominal @entity158 and abdominaldistension from 4 days prior. The @entity158 worsened, and the @entity1 was rush transported to our hospital. Via abdominal CT we found free air in the upper abdomen, expansion of the small and large intestines, and notably, significant intestinal tract expansion and a gas reservoir in the ascending colon. We found significant narrowing as well as @entity1184 along the entire circumference of the rectum and suspected @entity344 due to @entity5 ileus. Inflammation findings were abnormally high and we performed emergency surgery. We found a laceration on the ascending colon, which had expanded markedly. We elevated that location and installed a colostomy. Following surgery the @entity1 developed mild SSI and ileus, which were alleviated through conservative treatment. A month after the operation we performed a colonoscopy and found a @entity5 along the entire circumference of the rectum Rs. It was diagnosed as group V tub1-2 via biopsy. We performed surgery in late January 2016(colostomy closure, laparotomy rectal low anterior resection). We are reporting a rare case where @entity5 ileus caused perforation in the ascending colon.

title: [A Case Where XXXX Ileus Caused Perforation in the Ascending Colon].

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain and distension']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Rectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the real world risk of @entity360 associated with the use of the novel oral anticoagulants @entity3926 and @entity3925 compared with @entity1229 . DESIGN: Retrospective, propensity matched cohort study. SETTING: Optum Labs Data Warehouse, a large database including administrative claims data on privately insured and Medicare Advantage enrollees. @entity1 : New users of @entity3926 , @entity3925 , and @entity1229 from 1 November 2010 to 30 September 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence rates (events/100 @entity1 years) and propensity score matched Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate rates of total @entity360 , upper @entity360 , and lower @entity360 for the novel oral anticoagulants compared with @entity1229 in @entity1 with and without @entity955 . Heterogeneity of treatment effect related to age was examined using a marginal effects model. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity360 associated with @entity3926 was 2.29 (95% confidence interval 1.88 to 2.79) per 100 @entity1 years and that associated with @entity1229 was 2.87 (2.41 to 3.41) per 100 @entity1 years in @entity1 with @entity955 . In @entity955 @entity1 , the incidence of @entity360 was 4.10 (2.47 to 6.80) per 100 @entity1 years with @entity3926 and 3.71 (2.16 to 6.40) per 100 @entity1 years with @entity1229 . With @entity3925 , 2.84 (2.30 to 3.52) @entity360 events per 100 @entity1 years occurred in @entity955 @entity1 ( @entity1229 3.06 (2.49 to 3.77)/100 @entity1 years) and 1.66 (1.23 to 2.24) per 100 @entity1 years in @entity955 @entity1 ( @entity1229 1.57 (1.25 to 1.99)/100 @entity1 years). In propensity score matched models, the risk of @entity360 with novel oral anticoagulants was similar to that with @entity1229 in @entity955 @entity1 ( @entity3926 v @entity1229 , hazard ratio 0.79 (0.61 to 1.03); @entity3925 v @entity1229 , 0.93 (0.69 to 1.25)) and in non-AF @entity1 ( @entity3926 v @entity1229 , hazard ratio 1.14 (0.54 to 2.39); @entity3925 v @entity1229 , 0.89 (0.60 to 1.32)). The risk of @entity360 increased after age 65, such that by age 76 the risk exceeded that with @entity1229 among @entity955 @entity1 taking @entity3926 (hazard ratio 2.49 (1.61 to 3.83)) and @entity1 with and without @entity955 taking @entity3925 (2.91 (1.65 to 4.81) and 4.58 (2.40 to 8.72), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity360 related to novel oral anticoagulants was similar to that for @entity1229 . Caution should be used when prescribing novel oral anticoagulants to older @entity1 , particularly those over 75 years of age.

title: Comparative risk of @entity360 with @entity3926 , XXXX , and @entity1229 : population based cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['non-atrial fibrillation', 'atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeds']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: PURPOSE: Patterns of health care use have not been well described for @entity0 survivors. The purpose of this study was to describe the health service use in a survivor cohort. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage I or II @entity0 were recruited (n = 558) after primary treatment for a multicenter, randomized trial of psychoeducational interventions for facilitating transition to survivorship; 418 @entity1 completed the study. @entity1 completed calendar diaries detailing health care use for 1 year after treatment. Services were coded using Current Procedural Terminology-Fourth Edition codes; costs were estimated using year 2000 Medicare reimbursements. RESULTS: Health care use diary data were available for 391 @entity1 (70% of the sample). On average, these survivors reported 30 episodes of health service use in the year after treatment. Total annual costs of care averaged more than 1,800 dollars per survivor; medical office visits were the major component of costs. Type of @entity5 treatment, @entity308 , and physical function and comorbid illness were independent predictors of the costs of services. There were geographic variations in initial local treatment patterns and in post-treatment costs. Notably, all @entity1 should have received surveillance mammography in the time period, but only 61.9% did so; the odds of mammogram receipt were higher for @entity1 who had a lumpectomy (v mastectomy) and @entity1 who were white (v nonwhite). CONCLUSION: Use of health services is frequent and intensive in the first year after treatment for @entity0 . Despite frequent contact with the health care system, there is room for improvement in providing guideline-suggested surveillance mammography for survivors.

title: Patterns of care in XXXX survivors in the first year after cessation of active treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: When it comes to interpret parameters of electrolyte balance and kidney function, it is important to keep pathophysiology and the theory on reference intervals in mind. @entity2753 is most often caused by excess water. A low @entity1372 concentration in urine should prompt a clinical evaluation of volume status. In case of suspected @entity810 , fractionated @entity1372 excretion and fractionated @entity1133 excretion are able to provide insights on prerenal or renal origin of the disorder. Disruption in @entity972 homoeostasis can occur due to changes in supply or renal elimination as well as due to changes in the @entity972 balance between the extra- and intracellular compartments. The transtubular @entity972 gradient can help in the differential diagnosis of @entity4144 . @entity8 should begin with determination of serum @entity1011 , accompanied by an estimate of the glomerular filtration rate, as calculated by the CKD-EPI equation. As a consequence of non-renal determinants of serum @entity1011 , this equation has been shown to overestimate true @entity5017 in elderly and hospitalized @entity1 . This can result in overdosing of renally-cleared drugs. Clearance determinations can be of use in this context.

title: [Pitfalls in the interpretation of laboratory parameters-electrolytes, @entity1133 , XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Evaluation of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['Hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']