abstract: UNASSIGNED: Integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) in various cropping systems demand a comprehensive understanding of insect behavior. Among the needed information is basic charaterizations of @entity717 and dispersion of some insect-pests, such as the noctuidsStriacosta albicosta(Smith) andSpodoptera frugiperda(J.E. Smith). We investigated the plant-to-plant movement of @entity34547 and @entity34548 larvae in field of @entity2829 . Experiments onS. albicostawere conducted between 2008 and 2010. A main study with this pest was performed in 2012 in a @entity6015 ( @entity6015 ) with nine replications. AnS. frugiperdastudy was performed in 2013 in an @entity6015 with eight replications. The plant-  to-plant movement and larval survival were measured in plots with @entity2829 nontoxic to the insects. The larval survival ofS. albicostapresented high variety throughout the years. AlthoughS. frugiperdasurvival was relatively low during 2013, it did not compromise the larval assessment. Larvae of both species dispersed governed by nondirectional sensory information, and presented aggregated and symmetrical distribution; however, @entity34548 remained nearer the release point. These results may help the IPM components, such as scouting and economic threshold, as well as the implementation of refuge and seed mixture strategies for IRM.

title: Plant-to-Plant Movement of @entity34547 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and @entity34548 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in XXXX ( @entity2829 ).

entities_list: @entity34547 :: ('437490', 'Species') :: ['western bean cutworm']

entities_list: @entity34548 :: ('7108', 'Species') :: ['fall armyworm']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['larval movement']

entities_list: @entity6015 :: ('MESH:C535758', 'Disease') :: ['RCBD', 'randomized complete block design']

answer: @entity2829 :: (4577,Species) :: ['Maize']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess which factors influence @entity1583 function long term after transplantation. For this purpose, we have analyzed a series of 79 @entity1 who underwent autologous transplantation. None of them received any further chemotherapy or radiotherapy after transplant. All @entity1 were disease-free 1 year after autologous transplantation. Late impairment of @entity1583 function was defined as the presence of non-transient peripheral @entity1503 , detected 6 and 12 months after autografting. Before transplantation, 38.7% of @entity1 showed peripheral @entity1503 . Six and 12 months after transplantation, @entity1503 presented in 44.2% and 42.4% of @entity1 , respectively. Cases displaying @entity1503 6 months after transplantation had received a significantly lower dose of CFU-GM and @entity2280 + cells than @entity1 without @entity1503 (P = 0.012 and P = 0.04, respectively). The same correlation, with even higher statistical significance, was observed 12 months after transplant (P = 0.007 and P = 0.005). Alkylating agents and radiotherapy administered prior to transplantation and age did not seem to influence the presence of permanent @entity1503 . The incidence did not vary significantly according to the stem cell source (bone marrow or peripheral blood). The number of CFU-GM and @entity2280 + cells infused was the most important factor for maintenance of adequate hematopoiesis.

title: Factors that influence long-term XXXX function following autologous stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias', 'blood cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When vaccinations with vaccinia against @entity14333 and Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) against @entity378 were phased out in some high-income countries around 1980, the impact on overall mortality was not examined. Recent studies from low-income countries have suggested that these vaccines are associated with mortality reductions, not explained by specific disease protection. We examined whether vaccinia and BCG administered in childhood were associated with long-term mortality reductions in a high-income population. METHODS: In this case-cohort study, we followed 47   622 schoolchildren from Copenhagen, Denmark, born 1965 to 1976, from their first health examination to 2010. This cohort experienced the phase-out of vaccinia and BCG vaccination programmes. RESULTS: A sub-cohort of 5   316 individuals (699 excluded) was followed for 164   450 @entity1 -years (0.2% were lost to follow-up), and 401 @entity204 due to natural causes (841 @entity204 in total) occurred in the full cohort. Compared with individuals who had not received vaccinia or BCG, those who had received both vaccinia and BCG had an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.54 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.36-0.81] for mortality due to natural causes of @entity204 ; those who only received BCG had an aHR of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.39-0.85). Vaccinia and BCG were not associated with any protection against @entity204 by accidents, suicide or murder, the combined aHR being 0.94 (95% CI: 0.62-1.42). CONCLUSIONS: Vaccinia and BCG vaccinations were associated with better long-term survival, which was not explained by specific protection. Vaccines with beneficial non-specific effects may reduce overall mortality even after the target diseases are eradicated.

title: Vaccinations against XXXX and @entity378 are associated with better long-term survival: a Danish case-cohort study 1971-2010.

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity14333 :: (10255,Species) :: ['smallpox']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most solitary hyperfunctiong regions on thyroid scan consist of benign tissue. Here we report a @entity1 with a @entity2109 that was infilterated into a region containing a hyperfunctioning nodule. SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity1 was referred to our Endocrine Unit in May 2009 due to the incidental discovery of a large left thyroid lobe nodule by a computed tomography study. This had been performed to search for a primitive @entity5 in a @entity1 with bone @entity3 . He was clinically and biochemically thyrotoxic with no evidence of humoral thyroid autoimmunity. The nodule had a dyshomogenous appearance at neck ultrasonography, with multiple hypoechogenic areas and calcifications. @entity1136 thyroid scintiscan revealed a hot nodule with suppression of the contralateral lobe. Fine-needle aspiration cytology indicated the presence of neoplastic cells not of thyroid origin. Remission of @entity1378 was obtained with @entity3937 , and the @entity1 was submitted to left lobe thyroidectomy and istmectomy. Histological analysis of the surgical specimen led to a diagnosis of Burkitt-like large @entity1892 harbored within a @entity259 . After further staging, the final diagnosis was stage IV E @entity2109 with the involvement of the bone and the thyroid. This is the first description of an aggressive @entity2109 that infiltrated an hyperfunctioning @entity259 , thus presenting as a hot nodule at thyroid scintiscan. In our @entity1 there was no humoral or histological evidence of thyroid autoimmunity, thus suggesting a metastatic seeding of the @entity706 within the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the thyroid gland by @entity2109 is extremely rare as is close localization of @entity5 and a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule. As highlighted by the present report, performing fine-needle aspiration cytology should be always considered in the clinical context of a metastatic disease of unknown origin or when there are ultrasonography signs suggesting @entity5 , even when the nodule is hyperfunctioning.

title: XXXX infiltrating a hyperfunctioning @entity259 and presenting as a hot nodule.

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt-like lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid adenoma']

answer: @entity2109 :: (MESH:D002051,Disease) :: ['Burkitt-like lymphoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Postconditioning confers protection to the heart after a potentially lethal episode of prolonged @entity63 . There is evidence that it may also be protective when applied at a distal artery. In the present study, we sought to determine whether remote postconditioning within the heart (local) or outside the heart (distal) is effective in salvaging the ischemic heart in vivo and to compare its effect with that of the classic postconditioning. METHODS: Twenty seven open chest New Zealand white anesthetized male @entity95 were divided into four groups and were exposed to 30 min regional @entity741 ( @entity63 ), after ligation of a prominent coronary artery, followed by 3 h reperfusion (rep) after releasing the snare. Control group (n = 7) was subjected to no additional interventions, postC group (n = 6) was subjected to four cycles of 1 min @entity63 /1 min rep of the same coronary artery at the beginning of reperfusion, remote local postC group (n = 7) to four cycles of 1 min @entity63 /1 min rep of another coronary artery 30 s before the end of index @entity63 and remote distal postC group (n = 7) to four cycles of 1 min @entity63 /1 min rep of another (carotid) artery again 30 s before the end of index @entity63 . @entity1188 size (I) and area at risk (R) were delineated with the aid of TTC staining and green fluorescent microspheres respectively and their ratio was expressed in percent (%I/R). RESULTS: Remote local and remote distal postC reduced the % I/R ratio (17.7 +/- 1.7% and 18.4 +/- 1.6%, respectively vs 47.0 +/- 2.5% in the control group, P < 0.01). Classic PostC had an intermediate protective effect (33.1 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05 vs all the other groups). CONCLUSION: Remote postconditioning consisted of 1 min @entity63 /1 min rep protects the ischemic @entity95 heart in vivo, independently of the site of the remote artery. This intervention seems to confer a stronger protection than the classic postconditioning.

title: Remote postconditioning is more potent than classic postconditioning in reducing the XXXX size in anesthetized @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['isc', 'ischemia']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review long-term efficacy and complications of surgical treatment of @entity546 in a Chinese population. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 . @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment of @entity546 between January 1997 and March 2005 inclusive. INTERVENTION: Penile curvature corrective surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Penile curvature recurrence, early and late complications. RESULTS: Of 22 @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment of penile curvatures, 19 had congenital and three had @entity66 . The mean angle of deformity was 52.5 (range, 20-90) degrees. Ten @entity1 had Nesbit procedures, ten had modified Nesbit procedures, and two underwent vein grafting. Twenty @entity1 had residual or recurrent penile curvatures at a mean follow-up of 50.9 months. Fifteen @entity1 had less than 30 degrees curvature and five had 30 to 60 degrees curvature. Early complications included wound @entity281 (n=3), @entity39 (n=1) treated by skin graft, and @entity130 (n=1). Three @entity1 had @entity323 ; four complained of glans paraesthesia. Penile shortening (mean, 1.4 cm) and palpable knots were common late complications. A total of 19 @entity1 were satisfied with the final outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment of @entity546 produces long-term @entity1 satisfaction. Preoperative counselling on potential recurrence and common minor complications is crucial to produce favourable outcomes.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['acquired diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['penile skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['penile curvature']


abstract: In @entity1 with known @entity5 , correct detection and characterization of @entity409 has important therapeutic consequences. Conventional sonography is the most commonly used modality for liver imaging in @entity5 @entity1 . However, it has a lower sensitivity for the detection of liver @entity3 compared to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The majority of liver @entity3 are hypoechoic and well defined in baseline ultrasound (US), while detection of isoechoic or small liver @entity3 <1 cm is difficult and the differentiation of liver @entity3 from benign @entity409 and other malignant @entity96 can be impossible with baseline US. The use of microbubble-based ultrasound contrast agents and contrast-specific imaging techniques advanced the accuracy of ultrasound in liver imaging. Levovist and SonoVue are the US contrast agents approved for liver imaging in Europe. Compared to Levovist, SonoVue allows continuous imaging of the liver in real-time over a period of up to 5 minutes. As a result, SonoVue became the preferred contrast agent for liver imaging in the recent years, while Levovist became less important. Important for the detection of liver @entity3 are the portal venous and late phases in which @entity3 show a wash-out and can be detected as @entity75 in homogeneous enhanced @entity409 . The detection of hepatic @entity3 is substantially improved by CEUS compared to conventional B-mode sonography. Several studies showed sensitivity in detecting liver @entity3 comparable to that of contrast-enhanced CT and MRI. Furthermore, the typical enhancement patterns of the different benign and @entity409 allow reliable characterization and differentiation from liver @entity3 in the majority of cases. This paper provides information about the advantages and expedient application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: [Baseline and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the liver in @entity5 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoechoic lesions']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver parenchyma', 'malignant liver lesions', 'liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: All of the mitochondrial tRNAs of @entity3177 have been shown to be encoded in the nucleus and must be imported into the mitochondrion. The import of nuclearly encoded tRNAs into the mitochondrion has been demonstrated in a variety of organisms and is essential for proper function in the mitochondrion. An in vitro import assay has been developed to study the pathway of tRNA import in @entity3177 . The in vitro system utilizes crude isolated trypanosome mitochondria and synthetic RNAs transcribed from a cloned nucleus-encoded tRNA gene cluster. The substrate, composed of tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Leu), is transcribed in tandem with a 59- @entity377 intergenic region. The tandem tRNA substrate is imported rapidly, while the mature-size tRNA(Leu) fails to be imported in this system. These results suggest that the preferred substrate for tRNA import into trypanosome mitochondria is a precursor molecule composed of tandemly linked tRNAs. Import of the tandem tRNA substrate requires (i) a protein component that is associated with the surface of the mitochondrion, (ii) @entity855 pools both outside and within the mitochondrion, and (iii) a membrane potential. Dissipation of the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane by treatment with an uncoupling agent inhibits import of the tandem tRNA substrate. Characterization of the import requirements indicates that mitochondrial RNA import proceeds by a pathway including a protein component associated with the outer mitochondrial membrane, @entity855 -dependent steps, and a mitochondrial membrane potential.

title: In vitro import of a nuclearly encoded tRNA into the mitochondrion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and statistically describe the age-related changes in leg movements (LMs) during sleep in a large group of subjects with @entity4531 ( @entity4531 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred eight untreated @entity1 affected by idiopathic @entity4531 were included in this study (mean age 52.0years, min 7.5, max 83.2years). The time structure of their polysomnographically recorded LMs was analyzed using an approach particularly appropriate for assessing their quantity, periodicity, and distribution during the night. RESULTS: @entity25 ( @entity25 ) increased in number gradually in the age groups. Their typical interval was approximately 24-28s before the age of 55years but at approximately 14-16s after the age of 65years. @entity25 index reached a plateau at 15-25years of age and remained stable up to 65years; after this age, it showed an important increase. Periodicity index (PI) increased progressively up to the age of 35years and then remained stable up to the age of 85years. No correlation was found between @entity25 index and PI. The number of @entity25 per hour of sleep declined through the night in subjects aged 15-75years; after this age, @entity25 tended to be equally distributed across the entire night. CONCLUSIONS: The use of three main parameters derived from the analysis of leg motor activity during sleep in @entity4531 @entity1 ( @entity25 index, PI and @entity25 time distribution) is capable of providing us with important information about the age-related changes of @entity25 in this condition, which can be used in the evaluation of the sleep motor patterns in these subjects.

title: Age-related changes in periodic leg movements during sleep in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic LMs during sleep', 'PLMS']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'RLS']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: @entity1255 is implicated as an early @entity731 , which enhances the smooth muscle cell proliferation and produces free radicals that induce cellular damage. These factors must have a role in the progression of @entity731 that subsequently leads to vascular mineralization. AIM: Identify a correlation between the plasma concentration of total @entity1255 and the amount of minerals that accumulate in the aorta of @entity1 with @entity731 . METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study in 13 @entity1 with @entity453 , undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Aortic and mammary artery specimens were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The @entity1255 was determined using an immunonephelometry method. RESULTS: The amount of minerals in the aorta was greater (300    181.6 particles per 500   m2 than that in the mammary artery (64    45 particles per 500   m2 (p < 0.01). The average tHcy was 9.5    2.3   mol/L. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was positive between tHcy, and aortic @entity68 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that the aorta is dramatically affected by mineralization compared to the mammary artery. In addition, a direct correlation was identified between the levels of tHcy and the @entity68 particles in the aortic wall.

title: @entity1255 is related to aortic mineralization in XXXX with ischemic heart disease.

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['three-vessel coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic promoter']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Psychotic symptoms are not readily recognized in @entity15 , especially at the beginning of the disease. METHODS: We report the cases of four @entity1 who developed @entity716 symptoms that led to the diagnosis of @entity15 . We describe the @entity146 and neurological features, MRI findings, clinical outcome and treatment. RESULTS: Two @entity1 developed persecutory delusions, one presented a @entity162 with @entity2436 . Mean age was 39 years (range 20-49 years). Two @entity1 had a personal history, but none a familial history of @entity146 . Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed an oligoclonal pattern in all @entity1 . All @entity1 fulfilled Barkhof's MRI criteria. Three have had brain MRI with injection during @entity716 symptoms. In these three cases, a frontal lesion appeared. The @entity1 with @entity2436 also had a new lesion in the cerebellum and in the brainstem. All @entity1 needed a " @entity146 " treatment, including antipsychotics. The @entity146 event lasted three months for two @entity1 and the two others experienced relapse. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity146 symptom may reveal @entity15 at the beginning of the disease. Frontal lobe localization is suggested. We propose that a @entity716 event may correspond to a @entity15 event.

title: [Inaugural XXXX events in @entity15 ?].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic episode and the fourth melancholia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disease']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

entities_list: @entity2436 :: ('MESH:D002389', 'Disease') :: ['catatonia']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychotic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some haemodialysis @entity1 with an @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) suffer from chronic hand ischaemia (haemodialysis access-induced distal ischaemia, @entity910 ). This overview discusses pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic @entity910 with emphasis on the role of steal and loco-regional @entity551 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The literature obtained from Medline and Google using various terms including steal and hand ischaemia was studied for clues on pathophysiology of hand ischaemia in the presence of an @entity2548 . RESULTS: Constructing an arteriovenous @entity254 as in a haemodialysis access leads to augmented blood flows in arm arteries. Due to increased shear stress, these arteries will remodel while hand perfusion pressures are maintained. However, arteries of some dialysis @entity1 with @entity6 and/or severe @entity4288 demonstrate insufficient remodelling leading to a gradual loss of perfusion pressures towards the periphery. A blood pressure drop associated with turbulent flow at the arteriovenous @entity254 intensifies the distal @entity551 . By contrast, steal (reversal of blood flow) may reflect an upstream @entity2791 and patent collaterals but its presence has no pathophysiological significance related to hand ischaemia. CONCLUSION: @entity910 is caused by too low forearm and hand blood pressures. Therapy should focus on attenuating the loss of arterial pressure including optimalisation of inflow arteries and/or ligation of the @entity2548 's venous side branches. Surgery aimed at access flow reduction or distal revascularisation is only indicated if these measures fail.

title: @entity910 ( XXXX ) is caused by loco-regional @entity551 but not by steal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['HAIDI']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1140 therapy is not the first-line therapy for childhood @entity1985 , it is often used instead of @entity205 to ameliorate the side effects. The pharmacokinetics (PK) of @entity1140 ( @entity5467 ) can be influenced by many conditions, and it has a high plasma protein binding. The @entity5467 PK during relapse and remission of childhood @entity1985 has not been well described. METHODS: We performed 14 PK profiles (with measurements before intake and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 12 hours postintake) in 7 @entity1 with @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 at week 1 (all @entity1985 ) and week 16 after @entity5467 therapy (all in remission). These data were compared with historical PK data of 161 PK profiles in 87 pediatric renal transplant recipients with measurements before intake and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours postintake. @entity5467 levels were measured using the Abbott Tacro II assay. We used descriptive statistics to generate percentiles and compared these with those of @entity1 with @entity479 -resistant @entity1985 . RESULTS: The median age of @entity1 with @entity1985 was 3.2 years (range 2.5, 17.2), male gender 71.4%, significantly younger than the control group. Median @entity5467 dose was similar during both PK profiles (0.11 mg  kg  d at week 1 versus 0.13 mg  kg  d at week 16, P = 0.81). There were no statistically significant differences in median dose-normalized area-under-the-time-concentration profiles, peak concentration, time to reach peak concentration, and @entity5467 trough levels. Individual dose-normalized @entity5467 levels for each time point during the PK profile were also not different (P = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity5467 PK profiles are unaltered during relapse of @entity1985 .

title: Are @entity1140 Pharmacokinetics Affected by XXXX Stage?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic']


abstract: The addition of antiangiogenic agents has improved overall survival in a wide variety of @entity5 types, including @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Antibodies to the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were the first targeted agent to yield a significant improvement in overall survival when combined with first-line chemotherapy for metastatic @entity1149 . Anti- @entity7 antibodies and @entity669 kinase inhibitors blocking @entity319 ( @entity319 ) activity are also being investigated in pretreated @entity1149 . Initial experience with anti- @entity7 antibodies suggested a mild adverse event profile. However, it has become clear with additional experience that antiangiogenic agents are associated with a distinct array of @entity137 , such as @entity548 , @entity101 , @entity1031 , and @entity644 . Furthermore, an increase in chemotherapy-associated @entity137 such as @entity1398 has been observed with the addition of anti- @entity7 antibodies. Multitargeted small-molecule inhibitors that block activity of the @entity319 @entity669 kinase are associated with @entity1295 and other @entity137 in addition to the aforementioned class-effect @entity137 , possibly because of their inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. Currently, only @entity1 without predominant squamous cell histology are eligible to receive bevacizumab. Trials are ongoing to address the feasibility of bevacizumab in @entity1 who were excluded from the phase III pivotal trial. Additionally, further investigation is necessary to determine risk factors for @entity548 with antiangiogenic agents.

title: @entity137 of antiangiogenic therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: Twenty @entity1 with secundum @entity118 , who had undergone open heart surgery were studied retrospectively. @entity1 were more affected than @entity1 ; the sex ratio was 1.5:1. Associated @entity299 were diagnosed in two @entity1 , one with moderate @entity849 and the other one with small @entity1757 . Typical clinical findings consisted of loud first heart sound, widely fixed split second heart sound and soft ejection systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border were heard in all cases. Mid diastolic murmur due to relative @entity10710 was detected in most cases (75%). Electrocardiographic findings included right @entity2270 deviation, prolonged PR-interval and right @entity1283 were found in 50%, 15% and 60% of cases, respectively. Incomplete @entity714 and @entity4266 were found in all cases, as was @entity1283 with increased vascular markings were found in all cases. Paradoxical @entity1757 and visualization of the @entity118 were seen in 95% and 75% of cases, respectively. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 19 @entity1 (95%). The pulmonary-systemic flow ratio (Qp/Qs) ranged from 1.7 to 6.3 (mean 2.9 +/- 0.67), and was correlated to the presence of mid diastolic tricuspid flow murmur and paradoxical @entity1757 . Simple closure of the defect was the procedure of choice, but in one @entity1 (5%) pericardial patch was used to close the very large defect. The mortality rate was 10 per cent. @entity1032 was found in all @entity1 and 50% of @entity1 , before surgery. Body weight percentile increased in most cases (61.1%), while body height percentile increased in only 5.6% of cases, postoperatively. Ejection systolic murmur at the upper left sternal border was still detected in one @entity1 (5.6%). Incomplete @entity714 persisted in all cases, while @entity1283 was still found in 5.6% of cases followed-up six months to five years after surgery. There was no residual left @entity67 in all cases.

title: Secundum XXXX before and after surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Physical retardation']

entities_list: @entity10710 :: ('MESH:D014264', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['atrial enlargement', 'cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal motion', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['valvular pulmonic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defects']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular enlargement']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defect']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to examine (1) whether health habits are associated with body fat distribution, as measured by the waist/hip girth ratio, and (2) to what extent environmental factors, including anthropometric characteristics, explain the variability in levels of @entity65 factors. DESIGN: The study was a population based cross sectional survey, conducted in the spring of 1987 as a part of an international research project on cardiovascular epidemiology. SETTING: The survey was conducted in three geographical areas of eastern and south western Finland. SUBJECTS: 2526 @entity1 and 2756 @entity1 aged 25-64 years took part in the study, corresponding to a survey participation rate of 82%. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 , waist/hip ratio showed stronger associations with exercise (Pearson's r = -0.24), resting heart rate (r = 0.10), @entity167 consumption (r = 0.07), smoking (r = 0.05), and education (r = -0.23) than did body mass index. Jointly, exercise, resting heart rate, @entity167 consumption, education, and age explained 18% of variance in male waist/hip ratio, but only 9% of variance in male body mass index. In @entity1 , environmental factors were more predictive for body mass index than for waist/hip ratio, with age and education being the strongest determinants. Waist/hip ratio and body mass index were approximately equally strong predictors of @entity65 factor levels. The additional predictive power of waist/hip ratio over and above body mass index was tested in a hierarchical, stepwise regression. In this conservative type of analysis the increase in explained variance uniquely attributable to waist/hip ratio was 2-3% for female and 1-2% for male lipoprotein levels, and less than 0.5% for female and 0-2% for male blood pressure values. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of @entity1144 in Finland is significantly influenced by health habits and sociodemographic factors in both @entity1 and @entity1 . This in turn is obviously one reason for the relatively small "independent" effect of body fat distribution on @entity65 factor levels.

title: Body fat distribution in the Finnish population: environmental determinants and predictive power for XXXX factor levels.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular risk']


abstract: In this study we assessed the effects of the frequently used chemotherapeutic agent @entity2664 ( @entity1500 ) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and compared it with the response of @entity1 dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). DPSCs are valuable source of mesenchymal stem cells which may be extremely useful in a number of clinical applications. It is evident that both normal and @entity5 cells are being affected during therapy and characterization of these cells under genotoxic stress contributes to the evaluation of their safety usage. In the experiment cells were exposed to doses 5-150 nmol/l @entity1500 . Proliferation of cells was detected by Z2 counter and viability by Vi-Cell XR using @entity3460 exclusion staining. Cell cycle analysis was determinated by flow cytometry, induction of apoptosis by monitoring the activities of caspases. The expression of key proteins was detected by Western blotting. Senescence was analyzed by activity of b-galactosidase and by detection of persisting DSBs-associated yH2AX foci. Exposure of both cell types to lower concentrations of @entity1500 resulted in premature senescence (SIPS), which was accompanied with typical morphological changes, increased activity of senescence-associated b-galactosidase, persisting DSBs-associated yH2AX foci and cell cycle arrest in G2 phase. @entity1500 provokes the activation of @entity876 - @entity994 ( @entity994 / @entity994 ) pathway in both cell types and activates cell-cycle inhibitor @entity986 ( @entity986 ) in HDFs, but not in DPSCs. Higher concentrations of @entity1500 induced caspase-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1500 induces apoptosis or SIPS in both cell types in dependency on @entity1500 doses. Both pathways prevent the proliferation of cells with damaged DNA.

title: @entity2664 ability to induce premature senescence in XXXX dental pulp stem cells and @entity1 dermal fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['Trypan blue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2330 infection is common in developing countries, and up to 100,000 individuals with severe disease die every year. Adequate therapy for @entity16126 is necessary to reduce the severity of illness, prevent development of complicated disease and extraintestinal spread, and decrease transmission. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate antiamoebic drugs for treating @entity16126 . SEARCH STRATEGY: In September 2008, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (2008, Issue 3), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, mRCT, and conference proceedings. We contacted individual researchers, organizations, and pharmaceutical companies, and checked reference lists. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials of antiamoebic drugs given alone or in combination, compared with placebo or another antiamoebic drug for treating adults and @entity1 diagnosed with @entity16126 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and methodological quality of trials, and extracted and analysed the data. We calculated clinical and parasitological failure rates, relapse, and adverse events as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using a random-effects model. We determined statistical heterogeneity and explored possible sources of heterogeneity using subgroup analyses. We carried out sensitivity analysis using trial quality to assess the robustness of the results. MAIN RESULTS: Thirty-seven trials, enrolling 4487 @entity1 , met the inclusion criteria. Only one trial used adequate methods for randomization and allocation concealment, was blinded, and analysed all randomized @entity1 . Only one trial used a E. histolytica stool antigen test. Tinidazole reduced clinical failure compared with @entity868 (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.51; 477 @entity1 , eight trials) and was associated with fewer adverse events. Compared with @entity868 , combination therapy resulted in fewer parasitological failures (RR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.86; 720 @entity1 , 3 trials). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: @entity7015 is more effective in reducing clinical failure compared with @entity868 and has fewer associated adverse events. Combination drug therapy is more effective in reducing parasitological failure compared with @entity868 alone. However, these results are based on trials with poor methodological quality so there is uncertainty in these conclusions. Further trials of the efficacy of antiamoebic drugs, with better methodological quality, are recommended. More accurate tests to detect @entity2330 are needed, particularly in countries where @entity281 with other bacteria and parasites is common.

title: Antiamoebic drugs for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity7015 :: ('MESH:D014011', 'Chemical') :: ['Tinidazole']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic colitis']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['E. histolytica', 'Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['concomitant infection']

answer: @entity16126 :: (MESH:D004404,Disease) :: ['amoebic colitis']


abstract: This study was undertaken to define the developmental period of maximal sensitivity to @entity900 @entity2167 in gerbils. Five groups were established based upon post-natal age (P) at exposure to @entity900 , @entity6585 (n = 8), @entity7817 (n = 8), @entity7818 (n = 6), @entity9822 (n = 7) and @entity3903 (n = 7). Animals were given @entity900 , 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneal for 4 days. In the first four groups, @entity6585 , @entity7817 , @entity32581 , distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured at 45 days of age, when responses were expected to be developmentally stable. Distortion product grams and input-output functions were measured. There was a statistically significant difference only between @entity7817 and @entity3903 (P<0.01). There was a significant interaction of age and frequency in the @entity7817 group only (P<0.01). A secondary analysis compared distortion product grams of @entity7817 animals, exposed to @entity900 , and age-matched saline-treated animals (n = 6). There was a significant treatment effect. In summary, there was an effect of age on the @entity900 @entity2167 in gerbils. Also, there was an effect of the frequency on DPOAE levels in @entity7817 gerbils. These data support the presence of a 'sensitive' period to @entity900 @entity2167 in gerbils.

title: Age-related sensitivity to XXXX @entity2167 in gerbils.

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of uterine artery embolization (UAE) combined with intra-arterial @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) infusion for the treatment of @entity2318 ( @entity2318 ), compared with systemic @entity1500 injection combined with uterine curettage. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. An analysis of @entity2318 @entity1 was performed using records from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Renji Hospital for the period between January 1, 2000 and December 30, 2010. Twenty-two @entity1 received UAE combined with intra-arterial @entity1500 infusion and in this group 16 @entity1 received uterine curettage after UAE, whereas 25 @entity1 received intramuscular @entity1500 injection and subsequent uterine curettage. The clinical information on these @entity1 and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity1 in the UAE group were treated successfully and 2 @entity1 in the non-UAE group had to undergo hysterectomy or uterine repair. No @entity1 in the UAE group had recurrent @entity3556 of more than 100ml/day after treatment, while 8 @entity1 in the non-UAE group did, and this difference was significant. The @entity190 during uterine curettage in the UAE group was much less than in non-UAE group. The serum b-hCG level in the UAE group recovered more quickly than in the non-UAE group, and hospital stay was significantly shorter in the UAE group. CONCLUSIONS: UAE combined with intraarterial @entity1500 infusion turned out to be an effective and safe treatment for @entity2318 .

title: Caesarean scar pregnancy: comparative efficacy and safety of treatment by uterine artery chemoembolization and systemic XXXX injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['caesarean scar pregnancy', 'CSP']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of resorbable and metallic plates in open reduction and internal fixation of mandible @entity174 in @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-one @entity1 (mean age, 8.05 years; range 20 months-14 years) were operated on various @entity174 of the mandible (26 [60.4%] symphysis- parasymphysis, 12 [27.9%] condylar-subcondylar @entity174 , 5 [11.6%] angulus and ramus @entity174 ). Twelve @entity1 were treated with resorbable plates and 19 @entity1 with metallic plates. Mean follow-up time was 41 months (11-74 months) in the metallic hardware group and was 22 months (8-35 months) in the resorbable plate group. Both groups were investigated for primary @entity79 , number of operations, and mandibular growth. The results were discussed below. RESULTS: Both groups demonstrated primary @entity79 . Minor complications were similar in both groups. The metallic group involved secondary operations for plate removal. Mandibular growth was satisfactory in both groups. CONCLUSION: Resorbable plates cost more than the metallic ones; however, when the secondary operations are included in the total cost, resorbable plates were favourable. As mandibular growth and complication parameters are similar in both groups, resorbable plates are favored due to avoidance of potential odontogenic injury, elimination of long-term foreign body retention and provision of adequate stability for rapid @entity79 . However, learning curve and concerns for decreased stability against heavy forces of mastication accompanied with the resorbable plates when compared to the metallic ones should be kept in mind.

title: Dilemma in pediatric mandible XXXX : resorbable or metallic plates?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing, complications', 'bone healing']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11153 (ECP) is present in eosinophil granules. It has been associated with @entity1712 . OBJECTIVE: We compared serum ECP levels in @entity56 and @entity2023 @entity1 and evaluated the association with the eosinophil count and the total IgE level. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed medical records and categorized enrolled @entity1 into the @entity56 ( @entity56 ) and @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) groups. ECP, eosinophil count, and total IgE levels were reviewed in both groups. The association between ECP and the eosinophil count and total IgE level was further evaluated according to commonly detected specific antigens. RESULTS: Six hundred and ten adults were included in the study. In the @entity56 group (n=349), the median age was 27.0 (23.0-42.0) years and the female:male ratio was 0.26:1. In the @entity2023 group (n=261), the median age was 32.0(24.0-45.5) years and the female:male ratio was 0.33:1. We found that ECP ( @entity56 : 18.8(9.9-31.4), @entity2023 : 14.8(8.2-24.9), p=0.003), eosinophil count ( @entity56 : 191.0(112.0-308.5), @entity2023 : 149.0(91.0-249.0), p=0.002) and total IgE ( @entity56 : 166.0(58.4-422.5), @entity2023 : 68.8(24.5-141.0), p<0.001) were higher in @entity56 than in @entity2023 @entity1 . The ECP level was associated with the eosinophil count in both the @entity56 (p<0.001) and @entity2023 groups (p<0.001). A significant correlation between the ECP level and eosinophil count was demonstrated in @entity56 @entity1 who were skin test positive against house dust mite, animal and pollen allergens. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that ECP could be an important mediator in the pathogenesis of @entity56 . The level of serum ECP was positively correlated with @entity1712 in @entity56 @entity1 regardless of the type of allergen sensitization. However, further study is warranted to verify the role of ECP in the clinical management of @entity2023 .

title: The correlation of serum XXXX level with eosinophil count, and total IgE level in Korean @entity2023 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophil-associated disorders', 'eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['non-allergic rhinitis', 'NAR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['Eosinophil cationic protein']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic']

answer: @entity11153 :: (6037,Gene) :: ['eosinophil cationic protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity5 affect a small but significant segment of @entity1 with @entity4097 . Intramedullary @entity44 are rare entities that are usually located in the sacrococcygeal region. Although some reports claim that diagnostic studies can exactly predict the nature of intramedullary @entity5 , this case report demonstrates the lack of preoperative diagnostic specificity. Therefore, the aim of surgery should be radical extirpation whenever possible. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A case report of a thoracolumbar intramedullary @entity44 is presented. This young male @entity1 displayed @entity6112 . Computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging examination revealed an intramedullary @entity5 ; however, the exact nature of the @entity5 could not be determined preoperatively. The literature concerning these @entity5 is extensively reviewed. INTERVENTION: During surgery, a multicystic @entity5 was found at the base of the filum terminale, which was resected as far as possible. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that surgery should be the first choice for treatment. More aggressive @entity44 are found in intramedullary locations, especially in @entity1 , emphasizing the importance of radical @entity5 resection. The use of adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy should be explicitly substantiated for the nonbenign @entity44 group.

title: Intramedullary spinal XXXX presenting with urinary retention: case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6112 :: ('MESH:D016055', 'Disease') :: ['urinary retention and motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Intramedullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma', 'teratomas']

answer: @entity44 :: (MESH:D013724,Disease) :: ['teratoma']


abstract: The aims of this study were: (1) to test the possibility that pre- @entity7704 plasma @entity2124 values could reflect the functional status of the @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ) at testing, and thus explain if it is responsible for the marked variability in @entity2124 responsiveness to @entity7704 challenge and (2) to see if exogenous @entity1943 (SS) could disrupt this endogenous @entity1640 and thus make the @entity2124 responses homogeneous. (1) Two to 14 @entity7704 acute tests (GRF-29, 1 micrograms/kg, i.v. bolus) were performed in 12 normal @entity1 and 10 normal @entity1 at the same time (0830 h) at random intervals (2 to 60 days). Blood samples to measure plasma @entity2124 were drawn at 15 min intervals before and after @entity7704 challenge. Given that the increments in pre- @entity7704 plasma @entity2124 values (I = value at 0 min minus value at -15 min) were highly correlated with either @entity7704 -elicited peaks of @entity2124 ( @entity1 , r = 0.81; @entity1 ; r = 0.69; P less than 0.0001) or the rise in @entity2124 after the challenge (r = 0.685; P less than 0.0001, in the total of tests performed), three theoretical @entity1640 phases were proposed: (A) I greater than or equal to 0.4 microgram/l Secretory Phase; (B) I less than or equal to 0, (from @entity2124 at -15 min greater than or equal to 1.5 microgram/l), Secretion Plateau; (C) I less than or equal to 0, (from @entity2124 at -15 min less than or equal to 1.5 microgram/l), Refractory Phase. Individually, 91% of the @entity1 and 86% of the @entity1 showed a constant @entity1640 phase when tested at the same time of day independently of the intervals between tests. @entity2124 responses (peaks, mean +/- SEM, g/l) in Phase A ( @entity1 , 51.5 +/- 4.1; @entity1 , 31.4 +/- 3.2) were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those in Phase B ( @entity1 , 22.6 +/- 1.8; @entity1 , 19.7 +/- 1.5), and these than those in Phase C ( @entity1 , 9.2 +/- 1.5; @entity1 , 6.2 +/- 0.5). The great dispersion observed when @entity2124 peaks were analysed as a whole disappeared (except in Phase A in @entity1 ) when they were evaluated according to the @entity1640 Phase at testing. (2) In seven @entity1 and eight @entity1 7 min after stopping an infusion of SS (250 micrograms/h for 3 h) a new @entity7704 test was performed. Plasma @entity2124 variations prior to SS infusion expressed the previous @entity1640 Phase, while the @entity7704 -elicited peak of @entity2124 established the Phase at the moment of testing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Reasons for the variability in @entity2124 ( XXXX ) responses to @entity7704 challenge: the endogenous @entity1640 ( @entity1640 ).

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['HSR', 'hypothalamic-somatotroph rhythm']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: Although targeted therapies are becoming increasingly important in oncology, cytotoxic agents are likely to remain a valuable element in the treatment paradigm of @entity5 . However, resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of @entity5 . Therefore, there is a need for novel antineoplastic agents that are able to overcome mechanisms of @entity5 resistance. Drugs that target microtubules, including @entity1311 and @entity1205 , are among the most commonly prescribed anticancer therapies. However, the utility of @entity3907 -based therapies is limited by difficulties with formulation, administration, and resistance induced by P-glycoprotein. The @entity21597 and their analogues are a novel class of antimicrotubule agents that has demonstrated antitumor activity in the setting of resistance. These antimicrotubule agents are structurally unrelated to the @entity6023 , with a distinct beta-tubulin-binding mode. @entity19878 is a rationally designed, semisynthetic analogue of natural @entity14514 , which displays reduced susceptibility to a range of common @entity5 resistance mechanisms. Promising phase II activity and a manageable safety profile with @entity19878 have been seen in a wide range of @entity5 types, including heavily pretreated/resistant and @entity0 . Moreover, encouraging phase III results with @entity19878 and @entity416 for @entity1 with @entity0 have recently been presented. Clinical trials are also planned for @entity19878 in combination with targeted agents, such as trastuzumab and bevacizumab. @entity19878 is likely to be the first available drug in its class, with the potential to bring clinical benefit to @entity1 with a wide range of @entity5 .

title: XXXX , first in a new class of antineoplastic agents: the natural epothilones and their analogues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilones']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone B']

answer: @entity19878 :: (MESH:C430592,Chemical) :: ['Ixabepilone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological and genetic features of @entity765 , and to investigate the feasibility of detecting trisomy 8 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). METHODS: A total of 96 cases were included in this study. All @entity1 had clinical information. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were available in 69 cases, and ultrastructural evaluation was done in 2 cases of @entity765 . FFPE tissue sections were available in 20 @entity5 for the trisomy 8 detection by FISH. RESULTS: There were 20 male and 76 female @entity1 with ages ranging from 8 to 86 years (mean 35.3 years). Clinically, there were 44 @entity5 , 28 @entity5 and 23 intra-abdominal lesions mostly involving the mesentery. Most cases presented with nodular or funicular masses with white firm cut surfaces, measuring 0.6 to 24.0 cm (mean 8.4 cm) in size. Histologically, desmoid-type @entity81 showed longitudinal fascicles of spindle fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in a predominantly collagenous background. The @entity5 cells stained positive for @entity2277 , alpha-smooth muscle actin, @entity2283 , and @entity3546 (47.8%, 33/69). Ultrastructurally, most @entity5 cells had features of fibroblasts, including rich endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Some @entity5 cells were myofibroblast-like cells exhibiting intercellular junctions, fibronexous junctions and stress fibers. Trisomy 8 was detected in 6 of 20 cases of @entity765 including 5 of the 8 recurrent @entity5 but only one of the 12 @entity5 . The @entity5 also recurred three years later. CONCLUSIONS: @entity765 is an intermediate (locally aggressive) @entity5 that occurs predominantly in young females. The lesion consists of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with the latter showing characteristic features including stress fibers and fibronexous junctions. Trisomy 8 can be detected in FFPE tissue by FISH, and its presence serves as a useful predictor of @entity5 recurrence and may define a subtype of @entity765 with high recurrence rate.

title: [Clinicopathologic and genetic studies of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'latter tumor', 'abdominal wall tumors', 'primary tumors', 'extra-abdominal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['desmoid-type fibromatosis', 'Desmoid-type fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibromatoses']

answer: @entity765 :: (MESH:D018222,Disease) :: ['desmoid-type fibromatosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The function of the semicircular canal receptors and the pathway of the vestibulo-ocular-reflex (VOR) can be diagnosed with the clinical head impulse test (cHIT). Recently, the video head impulse test (vHIT) has been introduced but so far there is little clinical experience with the vHIT in @entity1 with @entity1897 . The aim of the study was to investigate the horizontal VOR (hVOR) by means of vHIT in @entity1897 . METHODS: Using the vHIT, we examined the hVOR in a group of 117 @entity1 and a control group of 20 healthy subjects. The group of @entity1 included @entity388 ( @entity388 ) (n=52), @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) (n=31), @entity195 ( @entity601 ) (n=22) and bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) (n=12). RESULTS: Normal hVOR gain was at 0.96    0.08, while abnormal hVOR gain was at 0.44    0.20 (79.1% of all cases). An abnormal vHIT was found in @entity388 (94.2%), @entity5513 (61.3%), @entity601 (54.5%) and BV (91.7%). Three conditions of refixation saccades occurred frequently in cases with abnormal hVOR: isolated covert saccades (13.7%), isolated overt saccades (34.3%) and the combination of overt and covert saccades (52.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The vHIT detects abnormal hVOR changes in the combination of gain assessment and refixation saccades. Since isolated covert saccades in hVOR changes can only be seen with vHIT, @entity1897 are likely to be diagnosed incorrectly with the cHIT to a certain amount.

title: Detection of isolated covert saccades with the video head impulse test in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vestibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["M  ni  re's disease"]

entities_list: @entity388 :: ('MESH:D020338', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neuritis', 'VN']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral vestibular disorders']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity236 ( @entity236 ) size may be an important imaging biomarker for @entity571 -related clinical trials and reducing @entity236 size may be an important therapeutic goal. However, data on the interrelationships between @entity236 size, @entity158 , and structural progression are inconsistent and rarely examined in the same cohort. Therefore, we evaluated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of @entity236 volume with knee @entity158 and joint space narrowing (JSN). METHODS: A @entity236 volume assessment was performed on magnetic resonance images of the knee collected at the 24- and 48-month @entity571 from a convenience sample of 404 @entity1 in the progression cohort. During the same visits, knee @entity158 was assessed with WOMAC @entity158 scores and knee radiographs were acquired and scored for JSN. @entity236 volume was summed to generate a total knee volume and an index tibiofemoral compartment volume (compartment with greater baseline JSN). Primary analyses included multiple linear regressions (outcome = @entity158 , predictor = total knee @entity236 volume) and logistic regressions (outcome = JSN, predictor = index tibiofemoral compartment @entity236 volume). RESULTS: This sample was 49% female with a mean age of 63 (9.2 standard deviation (SD)) years, and 71% had radiographic @entity571 in the study knee. Larger baseline BMLs were associated with greater baseline knee @entity158 (P = 0.01), the presence of JSN at baseline (odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.23 to 1.83), and JSN progression (OR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.11 to 1.46). Changes in total knee @entity236 volume had a positive association with changes in knee @entity158 severity (P = 0.004) and this association may be driven by knees that were progressing from no or small baseline BMLs to larger BMLs. In contrast, we found no linear positive relationship between @entity236 volume change and JSN progression. Instead, regression of medial tibiofemoral @entity236 volume was associated with JSN progression compared to knees with no or minimal changes in @entity236 volume (OR = 3.36, 95%CI = 1.55 to 7.28). However, follow-up analyses indicated that the association between JSN progression and @entity236 volume change may primarily be influenced by baseline @entity236 volume. CONCLUSION: Large baseline BMLs are associated with greater baseline knee @entity158 , the presence of JSN at baseline, and disease progression. Additionally, @entity236 regression is associated with @entity158 but not a reduced risk of concurrent JSN progression.

title: Evaluation of bone marrow lesion volume as a knee @entity571 biomarker--longitudinal relationships with @entity158 and structural changes: data from the XXXX Initiative.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['Bone marrow lesion', 'BML']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis Initiative visits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decreased knee pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: Although the alpha-adrenergic antagonist @entity5521 potentiates @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion of intact animals, it either does not alter, or it inhibits in vitro insulin secretion. This may be because in the higher concentration used in in vitro studies, @entity5521 exerts a second pharmacological effect that counterbalances its primary effect of blocking @entity1154 action. We recently demonstrated that pancreatic islets contain substantial amounts of @entity1154 oxidase (MAO), and that MAO inhibitors such as iproniazid and @entity5832 can alter insulin secretion. In the present study, we determined if other drugs that affect insulin secretion, alter the MAO activity of homogenates of @entity95 pancreatic islets (collagenase technique) or liver. @entity5521 , @entity5333 and @entity1169 (10 muM and 100 muM) inhibit islet and hepatic MAO. @entity1767 (10muM) inhibits hepatic but not islet MAO, while @entity1767 (10muM) does not inhibit MAO in either tissue. @entity1068 (270 to 2.7mM) inhibits islet MAO. Hepatic MAO is inhibited by high (270 to 180mM) but not by low (27 to 2.7mM) concentrations of @entity1068 . Collagenase digestion does not increase the sensitivity of islet and liver MAO to inhibition by @entity5521 or @entity1068 . In the absence of added @entity1154 , @entity5521 and @entity5333 do not alter basal or @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion from @entity95 pancreas. Preincubation of @entity95 pancreas with the @entity750 precursor @entity2476 ( @entity2476 ) increases the beta cell @entity750 content and inhibits @entity413 -stimulated insulin secretion. Alpha adrenergic antagonists not only fail to block, but actually potentiate the @entity750 inhibition of insulin secretion. We conclude that inhibition of islet MAO may cause an increase in islet @entity1154 content and these monoamines may alter in vitro insulin secretion. One mechanism through which adrenergic antagonists and @entity1068 modify in vitro insulin secretion may be by inhibiting pancreatic islet MAO.

title: Inhibition of pancreatic islet XXXX oxidase by adrenergic antagonists and @entity1068 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['Phentolamine', 'phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity2476 :: ('CHEBI:28171', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptophan', '5-HTP']

entities_list: @entity5832 :: ('MESH:D014191', 'Chemical') :: ['tranylcypromine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine', 'monoamines']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol', 'Haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1154 :: (CHEBI:25375,Chemical) :: ['monoamine']


abstract: Anterior mandibular positioning devices are seldom used at present in the treatment of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency, the side-effects and the @entity1 compliance with one type of device made in Switzerland, the Serenox. This device is designed to keep the mouth closed with the mandible forward, avoiding the vibration of the soft palate. Between January 1996 and October 1997, 15 @entity1 with @entity27 were treated using a Serenox. One of them stopped using the device after 6 weeks due to the persistence of @entity158 . Serenox was successful in 13 of the remaining 14 @entity1 . The median pretreatment apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) of 36.25/h was decreased to 5.5/h after treatment (P < 0.002). Snoring and @entity25 were notably reduced. The side-effects were frequent but mild and disappeared after a few weeks of adaptation. In conclusion, 87% (13/15) of the @entity1 were treated successfully. Indications for the use of a mandibular positioning device include snoring, upper @entity1224 and light to mild @entity27 without severe @entity28 .

title: The anterior mandibular positioning device for the treatment of XXXX : experience with the Serenox.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSAS', 'obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome']


abstract: CONTEXT: Overwhelming post-splenectomy @entity295 is defined as @entity295 and/or @entity693 , usually fulminant, occurring days to several years after removal of the spleen. We report a case of a fulminant @entity295 with a fatal outcome, occurring 11 years after distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy for @entity788 . CASE REPORT: A 58-year-old @entity1 presented to the emergency room in December 2011 with a 2-day history of mild @entity221 and @entity294 , followed by @entity551 , @entity1353 , and @entity1897 . Past medical history revealed a left breast quadrantectomy for @entity1137 , and distal pancreatectomy with @entity1124 in October 2000. The @entity1 was not aware of the need for prophylactic antibiotics and vaccination after splenectomy. At admission, blood tests revealed @entity854 screen, abnormal @entity8 , and @entity520 . Despite the administration of intravenous fluid, vasopressor agents, antibiotics and mechanical ventilatory support, the @entity1 died for @entity177 7 hours after admission in intensive care unit. Blood culture showed the growth of @entity7706 . Necropsy showed @entity177 with @entity548 due to @entity295 . No recurrence of @entity788 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Overwhelming post-splenectomy @entity295 is a well-known fatal complication which can occur in asplenic @entity1 . The role of vaccination and antibiotics in preventing such complication is well-defined, but cases of fatal post-splenectomy @entity295 are still reporting, also in vaccinated @entity1 . High index of suspicion must be maintained for any @entity221 in asplenic @entity1 .

title: Fatal @entity295 eleven years after distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'septicaemia', 'pneumococcal septicemia', 'pneumococcal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['liver and kidney function']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['splenectomy for ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['Streptococcus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal necrotic hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral cyanosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal coagulation']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness', 'fever']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Virtual stress testing provides a non-invasive estimate of the strength of a healing bone through a biomechanical analysis of a @entity1 's computed tomography (CT) scan. We asked whether virtual stress testing could improve management of @entity1 who had a @entity2091 @entity174 treated with external fixation. In a retrospective case-control study of 65 soldier- @entity1 who had @entity2091 @entity174 treated with an external fixator, we performed virtual stress testing utilizing CT scans acquired prior to fixator removal. The strength of the healing bone and the amount of tissue damage after application of an overload were computed for various virtual loading cases. Logistic regression identified computed outcomes with the strongest association to clinical events related to nonunion within two months after fixator removal. Clinical events (n   =   9) were associated with a low tibial strength for compression loading (p   <   0.05, AUC   =   0.74) or a low proportion of failed cortical bone tissue for torsional loading (p   <   0.005, AUC   =   0.84). Using post-hoc thresholds of a compressive strength of 4 times body-weight and a proportional of failed cortical bone tissue of 5%, the test identified all nine @entity1 who failed clinically (100% sensitivity; 40.9% positive predictive value) and over three fourths of those (43 of 56) who progressed to successful healing (76.8% specificity; 100% negative predictive value). In this study, virtual stress testing identified all @entity1 who progressed to full, uneventful union after fixator removal; thus, we conclude that this new test has the potential to provide a quantitative, objective means of identifying @entity174 @entity1 who can safely resume weight bearing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Virtual stress testing of XXXX stability in soldiers with severely comminuted @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibia-fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity19415 ( @entity19415 ) is a rare but sight-threatening @entity5517 . Outbreaks have been associated with contaminated water and contact lens wear. The epidemiology and pathology may be associated with unique genotypes. We determined the Rns genotype for 37 clinical isolates from 23 @entity1 presenting at the University of Miami Bascom Palmer Eye Institute with confirmed @entity19415 infections in 2006 to 2008. The genus-specific ASA.S1 amplicon allowed for rapid genotyping of the nonaxenic cultures. Of the 37 isolates, 36 were of the T4 genotype. Within this group, 13 unique diagnostic fragment 3 sequences were identified, 3 of which were not in GenBank. The 37th isolate was a T5, the first in the United States and second worldwide to be found in @entity19415 . For five @entity1 with isolates from the @entity267 and contact lens/case, identical sequences within each @entity1 cluster were observed, confirming the link between contact lens contamination and @entity19415 . Genotyping is an important tool in the epidemiological study of @entity19415 . In this study, it allowed for the detection of new strains and provided an etiological link between source and @entity281 . Additionally, it can allow for accurate categorizing of physiological differences, such as strain virulence, between isolates and clades.

title: Molecular identification of t4 and t5 genotypes in isolates from acanthamoeba keratitis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5517 :: ('MESH:D015817', 'Disease') :: ['ocular infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity19415 :: ('MESH:D015823', 'Disease') :: ['AK infection', 'AK', 'Acanthamoeba keratitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the @entity3140 and function in @entity306 @entity1 and to determine the correlation of @entity85 , @entity508 , motor control, and sensation to hand function in the said population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 satisfying our inclusion criteria underwent physical, sensory, and functional assessment using a standard protocol. Physical assessment included documentation of the degree of @entity508 , @entity85 and muscle control. Sensation was tested using static two-point discrimination test and stereognosis test. Melbourne Assessment of the Unilateral Upper Limb Function Test (MAULF), Functional Hand Grip Test (FHGT), and Functional Independence Measure for @entity1 (WeeFIM) were used to evaluate hand function. @entity85 , @entity508 , motor control, and sensation were analyzed for correlation with hand function using Pearson Correlation analysis. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Functional deficits of the hand increased with increasing severity of @entity85 and @entity508 . Tetraplegics were most affected by @entity508 , @entity85 , poor motor control, @entity6314 . Triplegics, followed by diplegics had more functional upper limbs in terms of the MAULF and FHGT scores. Unilaterally affected @entity1 (triplegics and hemiplegics) scored better in performance of activities of daily living. The MAULF and FHGT had a stronger correlation to @entity85 , @entity508 and motor control compared to the WeeFIM. CONCLUSION: The degree of @entity85 , @entity508 , @entity51 , and motor control affected the hand function of a @entity306 @entity1 significantly. The MAULF and FHGT more accurately represents hand function deficit in @entity306 @entity1 .

title: @entity85 and hand function in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and functional deficits']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper limb deformity']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'Deformity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['cerebral palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Water-soluble contrast swallow (CS) is usually performed before refeeding for @entity254 assessment after esophagectomy with intrathoracic @entity254 but the sensitivity of CS is low. Another diagnostic approach is based on analysis of computed tomography (CT) scan with oral contrast and of CT mediastinal air images. We undertook to compare them prospectively. METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with an @entity418 operated by intrathoracic @entity254 were included prospectively in a study based on a CT scan at postoperative day 3 (without oral and intravenous contrast) and CT scan and CS at day 7. CT scan analysis consisted of assessing contrast and air leakage. In case of doubt, an endoscopy was done. RESULTS: A diagnosis of @entity834 was made in 13 @entity1 (13.4%), in 2 cases before day 7 and in 3 beyond day 7. At day 3, 94 CT scans were performed, but the diagnostic value was poor. In 95 @entity1 with both CS and CT scan at day 7, CS disclosed a leak in 5 of 11, and CT scan was abnormal in 8 of 11. Leakage of contrast and/or presence of mediastinal gas had the best negative predictive value (95.8%). Endoscopy was done in 16 @entity1 with only mediastinal gas at day 7 CT scan. It disclosed a normal @entity254 in 11, fibrin deposits in 4, and a leak in 1. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with CS only, CT at day 7 improves the sensitivity and negative predictive value for diagnosing an @entity834 . In case of doubt endoscopy is advisable. This approach provides an accurate assessment of the @entity254 before refeeding.

title: Computed tomography versus water-soluble contrast swallow in the detection of intrathoracic XXXX complicating esophagogastrectomy (Ivor Lewis): a prospective study in 97 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

answer: @entity834 :: (MESH:D057868,Disease) :: ['anastomotic leak']


abstract: To assess the permeability of @entity19 oocytes and embryos, matured oocytes and embryos at various stages of development were placed in five cryoprotectant solutions at 25 C for 25 min. From the cross-sectional areas of the oocytes/embryos, the relative change in volume was analyzed. In oocytes, shrinkage was least extensive and recovery was quickest in the @entity2771 solution, showing that @entity2771 permeates the oocytes most rapidly. @entity3733 , @entity14941 , and @entity10977 permeated the oocytes slightly more slowly than @entity2771 . The oocytes in @entity653 shrunk extensively and then expanded marginally, indicating slow permeation. The volume changes of 1-cell and 2-cell embryos were similar to those of oocytes, showing little change in permeability. In 8-cell embryos, the volume recovered much faster than in the earlier stages especially in @entity653 and @entity14941 . In morulae, the volume recovery was much faster in @entity653 and in @entity10977 ; in @entity10977 , the extent of shrinkage was small and the recovery was fast, indicating an extremely rapid permeation. Although the permeability of oocytes/embryos generally increased as embryo development proceeded, the degree of increase varied greatly among the cryoprotectants. Interestingly, the volume change in @entity2771 was virtually unaffected by the stage of development. Such information will be valuable for determining a suitable protocol for the cryopreservation of oocytes/embryos at different stages of development.

title: Permeability of XXXX oocytes and embryos at various developmental stages to five cryoprotectants.

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity14941 :: ('MESH:C030686', 'Chemical') :: ['acetamide']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['Dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Using signs, symptoms and serum @entity284 levels to guide evaluation, the authors treated 164 @entity1 in a @entity284 maintenance program with doses of @entity284 exceeding 100 mg/d. The mean dose of these higher dose (HD) @entity1 was 211 mg/d (range 110-780 mg/d). A comparison group (C) of 101 @entity1 was randomly selected from the general clinic population (mean dose 65 mg/d). At intake the HD group reported  153/day of @entity4521 use versus  87/day in the C group. The HD group had more @entity1 whose opiate of choice was an oral pharmaceutical (30% versus 2% of the C group). Sixty-three percent of the HD group had comorbid Axis I psychiatric diagnoses compared to 32% of the C group. Response to psychopharmacologic treatment was enhanced by increased @entity284 dose in HD @entity1 with "refractory" @entity146 . Urine toxicologies described as "before" were collected prior to increase over 100 mg/d in the HD group or at the first routine urine toxicology collection of the calendar year for the C group. These results were compared to the most recent urine toxicologies for both groups ("after"). The percentage of toxicologies positive for illicit drugs in the HD group dropped from 87% "before" to 3% "after". The C group were 54% positive "before" and 37% positive "after". We conclude that doses of @entity284 in excess of 100 mg/d (range 110-780 mg/d in our sample of 164 @entity1 ) are not only safe but necessary to prevent illicit opiate use, stabilize psychiatric symptoms, and diminish abuse of @entity167 and @entity1245 in many @entity1 .

title: Optimizing response to XXXX maintenance treatment: use of higher-dose @entity284 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity284 :: (MESH:D008691,Chemical) :: ['methadone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protection mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) therapy against @entity195 ( @entity195 )-like @entity2359 induced by @entity5161 . METHODS: Twenty-four APPswe/ @entity20933 dE9 double @entity19 (one of the most extensively used transgenic @entity19 model of @entity195 ) and 24 littermate wild-type @entity19 were randomly assigned into control (Con) group, @entity5161 ( @entity8670 ) group and EA group, respectively (n = 8 in each group). EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Yongquan" ( @entity34332 ) for 15 min, once a day for 3 days. The @entity19 were exposed to a closed box filled with 1.2% @entity5161 + 30% O2 +70% N2 for 4 h. The animals' learning-memory ability was detected by Morris water maze test. The expression of cleaved @entity185 in the CA 1 area of hippocampus was detected by immunohistochemistry, and that of hippocampal @entity1379 and @entity1380 proteins detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the wilde-type @entity19 , the average escape latency of place navigation test was significantly longer, while the percentage of target-quadrant stay time and the target- platform crossing times of spacial probe test were marked decreased in @entity195 + lso @entity19 (P < 0.05). After acupuncture intervention, the abovementioned changes were reversed (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, compared with the @entity195 -Con group, the number of hippocampal activated @entity185 -positive cells and the expression of @entity1380 protein were significantly increased in the @entity195 - @entity8670 group (P < 0.05). After EA intervention, the increased @entity185 -positive cell number and @entity1380 protein expression were remarkably down-regulated in the @entity195 -EA group, and the decreased ratio of @entity1379 / @entity1380 in @entity195 - @entity8670 @entity19 was obviously up-regulated in @entity195 -EA @entity19 (P < 0.05). No significant changes were found in the average escape latency, the percentage of target-quadrant stay time and the target-platofrm corssing times, and inthe number of hippocampal activated @entity185 -positive cells, the expression levels of hippocampal @entity1379 and Sax and the ratio of @entity1379 / @entity1380 in the three groups of wilde-type @entity19 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA intervention can improve the learning-memory ability in @entity195 + @entity5161 @entity19 , suggesting a @entity195 , which may be associated with its actions in inhibiting the overexpression of activated @entity185 and @entity1380 proteins in the hippocampus.

title: [Electroacupuncture Intervention Inhibits the Decline of Learning-memory Ability and Overex- pression of Cleaved @entity185 and @entity1380 in Hippocampus Induced by XXXX in APPswe/ @entity20933 ].

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'reduction of AD-like neurotoxicity', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoflurane', 'isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['Isoflurane']


abstract: The facilitative effects of @entity2690 and @entity442 were compared in vitro with regard to induction of differentiated functions of porcine granulosa cells. The monolayers were maintained under serum-free conditions in the absence or presence of porcine FSH (20 micrograms/l), with or without graded doses of @entity2690 or @entity442 . Concurrent treatment with @entity442 and FSH produced morphological differentiation and augmented LH/hCG receptor binding together with an enhancement in @entity1420 and @entity53 secretion relative to treatment with FSH alone. @entity442 alone was incapable of exhibiting these effects. @entity2690 synergized with FSH to facilitate the granulosa cell functions except @entity53 secretion. Maximal effective dose of @entity442 was 100 micrograms/l which is within the physiological concentration in vivo, whereas that of @entity2690 was 1.0 mg/l, which is 1000-fold higher than the physiological level. Although the maximal effective doses of @entity442 and @entity2690 produced a comparable increment in @entity1420 secretion and LH/hCG receptor induction, combined treatment with @entity442 and @entity2690 did not prove additive. [125I] @entity442 binding revealed that specific @entity442 receptors with two classes of binding sites are present on porcine granulosa cells. No distinct differences were detected between @entity442 receptors of granulosa cells from small, medium and large follicles. @entity2690 was approximately 100-fold less active than @entity442 in competing for [125I] @entity442 binding. These findings suggest that porcine granulosa cells possess specific @entity442 binding sites which may mediate the cytodifferentiative actions of @entity2690 -like peptides. Since @entity442 is more potent than @entity2690 in amplifying the actions of FSH and maximally exerts the cytodifferentiative effects at the physiological concentration, it is likely that @entity442 plays the more important role in granulosa cell differentiation in synergy with FSH.

title: Comparison of the facilitative roles of XXXX in the functional differentiation of granulosa cells: in vitro studies with the porcine model.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin and insulin-like growth factor I']


abstract: The net work of the limbs during constant speed over level ground should be zero. However, the partitioning of negative and positive work between the fore- and hindlimbs of a quadruped is not likely to be equal because the forelimb produces a net braking force while the hindlimb produces a net propulsive force. It was hypothesized that the forelimb would do net negative work while the hindlimb did net positive work during trotting in the @entity1641 . Because vertical and horizontal impulses remain unchanged across speeds it was hypothesized that net work of both limbs would be independent of speed. Additionally because the major mass of limb musculature is located proximally, it was hypothesized that @entity2720 would do more work than distal joints. Kinetic and kinematic analysis were combined using inverse dynamics to calculate work and power for each joint of @entity1641 trotting at between 2.5 and 5.0 m s(-1). Work done by the hindlimb was indeed positive (consistently 0.34 J kg(-1) across all speeds), but, contrary to our hypothesis, net work by the forelimb was essentially zero (but also independent of trotting speed). The zero net work of the forelimb may be the consequence of our not being able to account, experimentally, for the negative work done by the extrinsic muscles connecting the scapula and the thorax. The distal three joints of both limbs behaved elastically with a period of energy absorption followed by energy return. @entity2720 (elbow and shoulder) did no net work, because there was very little movement of the elbow and shoulder during the portion of stance when an extensor moment was greatest. Of the two proximal hindlimb joints, the hip did positive work during the stride, generating energy almost throughout stance. The knee did some work, but like the forelimb @entity2720 , had little movement during the middle of stance when the flexion moment was the greatest, probably serving to allow the efficient transmission of energy from the hip musculature to the ground.

title: Joint work and power for both the forelimb and hindlimb during trotting in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['proximal joints', 'Proximal forelimb joints']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) have reported a smaller volume of the @entity550 ( @entity550 ) and a larger volume of the thalamus compared with healthy controls. Both of these brain regions are strongly connected; therefore, it may be hypothesized that cortical and thalamic alterations are related. Here, we investigated the relationship between thalamic and orbitofrontal volumes in @entity3119 @entity1 relative to healthy controls. MRI volumetric measurements of the thalamus and the @entity550 were obtained in 16 @entity3119 @entity1 without comorbidity and 16 comparison subjects matched for age, sex and educational level. Partial correlation analyses that controlled for intracranial volume (ICV) were performed to explore relationships between thalamic and @entity550 volumes in each group. In order to assess the specificity of this relationship, we conducted similar analyses of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a non- @entity550 cortical volume. Finally, by using data from previously published volumetric MRI studies, we conducted a meta-regression to explore the relationships between volume changes in these regions of interest. Results showed that thalamic volumes were significantly negatively correlated with @entity550 volumes in @entity3119 @entity1 (r=-0.83, p<0.001), but not in healthy subjects (r=-0.15, p=0.59). A significant relationship between thalamic and ACC volumes was found neither in the @entity3119 @entity1 (r=0.03, p=0.91) nor in the comparison subjects (r=-0.23, p=0.40). Furthermore, meta-regression analyses showed that previously reported volume changes in the thalamus were significantly correlated with @entity550 volume changes (r=-0.71, p<0.05), but not with ACC volume changes (r=0.07, p=0.86). Although our results do not allow for any causal relationship to be established, they suggest that structural alterations of both the thalamus and the @entity550 are inversely and specifically related in @entity3119 .

title: Inverse relationship between thalamic and orbitofrontal volumes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['OFC', 'orbitofrontal cortex']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: 126 @entity421 under the age of 15 years are followed up in an interclinical study. There is a steady increase of @entity5 incidence towards the 15th year with a slight male preponderance. The main sites of the @entity5 are the distal femur followed by the proximal tibia and humerus. Evidence of multiple @entity3 is most often present in the lungs, less often in the skeleton. Nearly always @entity3 became evident within 2 1/2 years after diagnosis (98%). Therefore the 2 1/2-year disease--free survival rate seems to be sufficient for prognostic evaluation. The over all 2 1/2-year survival rate was 17,5%. Though the different methods of treatment are not statistically valid, the best results can be expected after early amputation. By radiotherapy alone no cure has been achieved. Survivals were seen at any age and at any site of long bones (distal femur, proximal tibia, humerus, femur, distal radius). Prognosis of @entity421 in the childhood is similar to that of the adult group.

title: [Treatment and prognosis of XXXX in childhood (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma']