abstract: PURPOSE: This study explored international radiation oncology trainee decision making in the management of radiotherapy-induced @entity1209 (RINV). METHODS: Radiation oncology trainees who were members of the national radiation oncology associations of the USA, Canada, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, France, Spain and Singapore completed a Web-based survey. Respondents estimated the risks of @entity1209 associated with six standardised radiotherapy-only clinical case vignettes modelled after international anti-emetic guidelines and then committed to prophylactic, rescue or no therapy as an initial management approach for each case. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-six trainees from 11 countries responded. Only 28 % were aware of any anti-emetic guideline. In general, risk estimates and management approaches for the high-risk and minimal risk cases varied less and were more in line with guideline standards than were estimates and approaches for the moderate- and low-risk cases. Prophylactic therapy was the most common approach for the high-risk and a moderate-risk case (83 and 71 % of respondents respectively), while rescue therapy was the most common approach for a second moderate-risk case (69 %), two low-risk cases (69 and 76 %) and a minimal risk case (68 %). A @entity750 receptor antagonist was the most commonly recommended prophylactic agent. On multivariate analysis, a higher estimated risk of @entity390 predicted for recommending prophylactic therapy, and a lower estimated risk of @entity390 predicted for recommending rescue therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation oncology trainee risk estimates and recommended management approaches for RINV clinical case vignettes varied and matched guideline standards more often for high-risk and minimal risk cases than for moderate- and low-risk cases. Risk estimates of @entity390 specifically were strong predictors of management decisions.

title: International radiation oncology trainee decision making in the management of radiotherapy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: This paper deals with the correlation of clinical scoring and serologic markers of @entity32 in @entity483 and @entity1569 . Serum @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), total serum IgE, IgG and IgM anti-IgE antibodies, and IgE immune complexes were evaluated in monitoring inflammatory @entity272 such as @entity483 and @entity1569 . Well-established clinical activity scores were used as standards in recording skin improvement under treatment in a clinical setting. Serum @entity11153 was found to be increased in both @entity483 and @entity1569 @entity1 compared to normal controls; sIL-2R and IgE immune complexes were increased only in atopics with increased serum IgE. Anti-IgE antibodies did not show any deviation in both groups of @entity1 . There was a significant elevation of sIL-2R and IgE immune complexes and a nonsignificant elevation of @entity11153 in high-IgE atopics in comparison to those with normal serum IgE. In both groups of @entity1 , there was a significant reduction of @entity11153 and sIL-2R accompanying the improving @entity272 . Serum IgE and the other immune parameters failed to respond. In contrast to other studies, serum @entity11153 failed to correspond significantly with disease activity in our study. Our results showed measurable changes of @entity11153 and sIL-2R for @entity483 and/or @entity1569 under treatment, but comparison to clinical scores remains difficult due to the different basis of the two systems. The only significant correlation was established for relative changes in sIL-2R and @entity1569 area and intensity (PASI), a correlation which might be a useful approach in @entity1569 .

title: Monitoring of serologic immune parameters in inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition', 'skin diseases']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin diseases']


abstract: We have investigated the ability of exogenous transforming growth factor-beta ( @entity1810 ) to induce osteogenesis and chondrogenesis, critical events in both bone formation and @entity174 healing. Daily injections of @entity1810 or 2 into the subperiosteal region of newborn @entity35 femurs resulted in localized intramembranous bone formation and chondrogenesis. After cessation of the injections, endochondral ossification occurred, resulting in replacement of cartilage with bone. Gene expression of type II collagen and immunolocalization of types I and II collagen were detected within the @entity1810 -induced cartilage and bone. Moreover, injection of @entity38155 stimulated synthesis of @entity1810 in chondrocytes and osteoblasts within the newly induced @entity79 , suggesting positive autoregulation of @entity1810 . @entity38155 was more active in vivo than @entity1810 , stimulating formation of a mass that was on the average 375% larger at a comparable dose (p less than 0.001). With either @entity1810 isoform, the dose of the growth factor determined which type of tissue formed, so that the ratio of cartilage formation to intramembranous bone formation decreased as the dose was lowered. For @entity1810 , reducing the daily dose from 200 to 20 ng decreased the cartilage/intramembranous bone formation ratio from 3.57 to zero (p less than 0.001). With @entity38155 , the same dose change decreased the ratio from 3.71 to 0.28 (p less than 0.001). These data demonstrate that mesenchymal precursor cells in the periosteum are stimulated by @entity1810 to proliferate and differentiate, as occurs in embryologic bone formation and early @entity174 healing.

title: Transforming growth factor-beta and the initiation of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the XXXX femur.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone and cartilage']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity3557 larger than 1 cm usually consists of total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection (LND). In @entity1 with the follicular variant of @entity3557 (FVPTC), preoperative cytology and intraoperative frozen-section analysis cannot always establish the diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate predictive factors for lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with FVPTC and to identify @entity1 who might benefit from LND. METHODS: The study included @entity1 with FVPTC treated by total thyroidectomy and LND between 2000 and 2010 in four departments. When fewer than six non-involved lymph nodes were removed, the @entity1 was excluded from the analysis. RESULTS: Some 199 @entity1 were included. The median @entity5 size was 17 (range 1-85) mm, and @entity5 were classified as T1a in 28 @entity1 , T1b in 40, T2 in 53, and T3 in 78. Eighty-one @entity1 (40  7 per cent) had lymph node @entity3 (51 classified as N1a and 30 as N1b). Four risk factors were predictive of lymph node @entity3 in the multivariable analysis: multifocality (odds ratio (OR) 2  36, 95 per cent confidence interval 1  15 to 4  86), angiolymphatic invasion (OR 3  67, 1  01 to 13  36), @entity5 capsule (OR 3  00, 1  47 to 6  14) and @entity5 involvement of perithyroid tissue (OR 3  89, 1  85 to 8  18). The rate of lymph node @entity3 varied between 14 and 94 per cent depending on the presence of risk factors. CONCLUSION: The rate of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with FVPTC varies widely according to the presence or absence of predictive risk factors.

title: Factors predictive of lymph node @entity3 in the follicular variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid carcinomas', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['absence of tumour', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: Altered metabolic activity has been identified as a potential contributing factor to the @entity179 associated with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). Consequently, we sought to determine whether there is a relationship between the loss of visual function in @entity1 @entity726 and resting blood perfusion within primary visual cortex (V1). METHODS: Arterial spin labeling (ASL) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in 10 @entity1 with @entity725 . Resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured from dorsal and ventral V1. Behavioral measurements of visual function were obtained using standard automated perimetry (SAP), short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), and frequency-doubling technology perimetry (FDT). Measurements of CBF were compared to differences in visual function for the superior and inferior hemifield. RESULTS: Differences in CBF between ventral and dorsal V1 were correlated with differences in visual function for the superior versus inferior visual field. A statistical bootstrapping analysis indicated that the observed correlations between fMRI responses and measurements of visual function for SAP (r=0.49), SWAP (r=0.63), and FDT (r=0.43) were statistically significant (all p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Resting blood perfusion in @entity1 V1 is correlated with the loss of visual function in @entity725 . Altered CBF may be a contributing factor to @entity1781 , or it may be an indication of post-retinal @entity179 caused by damage to the retinal ganglion cells.

title: Arterial spin labeling fMRI measurements of decreased blood flow in primary visual cortex correlates with decreased visual function in XXXX @entity726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'glaucomatous neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) is a paternally imprinted gene that encodes a potent inhibitor of several @entity4698 /Cdk complexes. @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) is primarily expressed in terminally differentiated cells, associates with G1 Cdks, and can cause cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. To investigate the role of @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) in vivo, we have ablated the @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) gene by homologous recombination in ES cells and generated @entity19 devoid of @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) expression. Most @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) null @entity19 die after birth and display severe @entity245 with varying degrees of penetrance. As expected, heterozygous @entity19 that inherit a maternal, but not a paternal, targeted allele exhibit similar @entity204 . Developmental defects of @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) mutant @entity19 include @entity2419 and @entity344 ranging from an inflated GI tract to loss of the jejunum and ileum. These tissues display a significant increase of apoptotic cells in the absence of @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ). Most @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) mutant @entity19 have short limbs, a defect attributable to abnormal endochondral ossification caused by delayed cell cycle exit during chondrocyte differentiation. A similar defect has been observed in @entity19 lacking @entity12405 and @entity12406 , thus suggesting that @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) might be an upstream regulator of these Rb-related proteins. The @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) locus has been implicated in the @entity11123 and in the development of @entity5 . To date, we have not observed neoplastic development even in those @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) mutant @entity19 that have survived for >5 months of age. These findings indicate that @entity7920 ( @entity31460 ) has an important role during @entity19 development that cannot be compensated by other Cdk inhibitors.

title: Ablation of the CDK inhibitor @entity31460 results in increased apoptosis and delayed differentiation during XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ["sporadic Wilms' tumors and lung carcinomas"]

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity11123 :: ('MESH:D001506', 'Disease') :: ['Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies and neonatal death']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The Moolgavkar-Venzon-Knudson (MVK) two-mutation model of @entity105 is an analytical model that predicts the variation of @entity5 yield-rate with time, and with dose of a carcinogen. The model is biologically based, and assumes that a specific mutation in a stem-cell will increase its rate of proliferation compared with that of unmutated cells, so that a clone of pre-malignant cells develops; a second specific mutation in any one of these will make it malignant, and a @entity5 will start to grow. The model has been used in recent years to analyse a number of sets of epidemiological data on @entity105 . The purpose of this paper is to point to a problem in the use of this model for radiation-induced @entity105 , namely that ionizing radiation causes reproductive death of stem cells, which leads to regenerative division and hence a change in the number of stem-cells at risk. The possible effects of such changes on the predictions of the model are discussed. At low dose-rates of continuous or chronic irradiation and at low doses of acute irradiation, it is expected that pre-malignant cells will be killed along with the unmutated cells, and that the regenerative division of the surviving pre-malignant cells will restore the numbers of both stem cells and pre-malignant cells to what they would have been in the absence of cell killing; hence, no net effect of the tissue regeneration is expected. At high dose-rates, the initial delay in regenerative division and subsequent faster proliferation are expected to lead to an @entity5 yield-rate with time (compared with that predicted by the MVK model) followed by a faster increase. For acute irradiation, in the particular case of beta-particle irradiation of the skin, at high doses where there are practically no surviving cells in the irradiated area, repopulation by unirradiated cells from the margin is predicted to lead to a decrease in @entity5 yield-rate with dose. The predictions have been compared with published data on the induction of @entity421 in @entity19 by repeated injection of 89Sr, the induction of @entity1489 in @entity35 by acute and chronic irradiation with electrons, and the induction of @entity1489 in @entity19 by acute irradiation with beta-particles. At low doses and dose-rates the basic MVK model fitted the data well. At higher doses and dose-rates the expected effects of tissue regeneration were observed qualitatively, although there were some discrepancies in detail; these are discussed.

title: Consideration of tissue response in the application of the two-mutation model to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'initial reduction in tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumours']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['radiation carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes are required for @entity855 production, with each of five different isoenzymes having varying proficiencies in anaerobic versus aerobic environments. With advancing pregnancy, the isoenzyme profile in uterine muscle shifts toward a more anaerobic profile, speculatively to facilitate uterine efficiency during periods of low @entity26 that accompany labor contractions. Profile shifting may even occur throughout labor. Maternal serum LDH levels between 24-48 hours following delivery predominantly originate from uterine muscle, reflecting the enzymatic state of the myometrium during labor. Our purpose was to describe serum LDH isoenzymes 24-30 hours post-delivery to determine if cervical dilation rates following labor admission were associated with a particular LDH profile. We also compared differences in post-delivery LDH isoenzyme profiles between @entity1 admitted in pre-active versus established active labor. METHODS: Low-risk, nulliparous @entity1 with spontaneous labor onset were sampled (n = 91). Maternal serum LDH was measured at labor admission and 24-30 hours post-vaginal delivery. Rates of cervical dilation during the first four hours after admission were also measured. Spearman's rho coefficients were used for association testing and t tests evaluated for group and paired-sample differences. RESULTS: More efficient dilation following admission was associated with decreased LDH1 (p = 0.029) and increased @entity6222 and LDH4 (p = 0.017 and p = 0.017, respectively) in the post-delivery period. @entity1 admitted in established active labor had higher relative serum levels of @entity6222 (t = 2.373; p = 0.023) and LDH4 (t = 2.268; p = 0.029) and lower levels of LDH1 (t = 2.073; p = 0.045) and LDH5 (t = 2.041; p = 0.048) when compared to @entity1 admitted in pre-active labor.Despite having similar dilatations at admission (3.4    0.5 and 3.7    0.6 cm, respectively), @entity1 admitted in pre-active labor had longer in-hospital labor durations (12.1    4.3 vs. 5.3    1.4 hours; p < 0.001) and were more likely to receive @entity398 augmentation (95.5% vs. 34.8%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: More efficient cervical dilation following labor admission is associated with a more anaerobic maternal serum LDH profile in the post-delivery period. Since LDH profile shifting may occur throughout labor, watchful patience rather than intervention in earlier labor may allow LDH shifting within the uterus to more fully manifest. This may improve uterine efficiency during labor and decrease rates of @entity398 augmentation, thereby improving birth safety.

title: Serum XXXX dehydrogenase profile as a retrospective indicator of uterine preparedness for labor: a prospective, observational study.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: Semenogelins and @entity44605 are seminal plasma proteins that form a complex and inhibit sperm motility. However, the role of these proteins in @entity263 is poorly understood. We immunohistochemically stained for @entity44606 and @entity44605 in 291 radical prostatectomy specimens. We then evaluated the association between their expressions in nuclei, cytoplasms, or intraluminal secretions of benign/high-grade @entity263 cells and clinicopathologic profile available for our @entity1 cohort. Stains were positive in 32%/77%/84% (nuclear @entity19451 ), 87%/94%/84% (nuclear @entity44607 ), 56%/64%/37% (nuclear @entity44605 ), 7%/15%/11% (cytoplasmic @entity19451 ), 6%/11%/9% (cytoplasmic @entity44607 ), 68%/74%/95% (cytoplasmic @entity44605 ), 97%/98%/13% (secreted @entity19451 ), 98%/97%/11% (secreted @entity44607 ), and 97%/98%/48% (secreted @entity44605 ) of benign/ @entity263 , respectively. The levels of nuclear @entity19451 /cytoplasmic @entity44605 were significantly higher in @entity189 than in benign (P<.001/P<.001) or @entity5436 (P<.001/P<.001) and in @entity5436 than in benign (P<.001/P=.006). Significantly higher nuclear @entity44607 expression was found in @entity5436 than in benign (P<.001) or @entity189 (P<.001). Significantly lower nuclear @entity44605 expression was seen in @entity189 than in benign (P<.001) or @entity5436 (P<.001). Secreted @entity19451 , secreted @entity44607 , and secreted @entity44605 were all significantly lower in @entity189 than in benign (P<.001) or @entity5436 (P<.001). There were no statistically significant correlations between each stain and clinicopathologic features except significantly lower nuclear @entity44605 expression in Gleason score 8 or higher @entity5 . Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests further revealed that @entity1 with nuclear @entity19451 -positive @entity5 had a significantly higher risk for biochemical recurrence (P=.046). Multivariate Cox model showed a trend toward significance (P=.093) in nuclear @entity19451 positivity as an independent predictor for recurrence. These results suggest that nuclear @entity19451 expression could be a reliable prognosticator in @entity1 who undergo radical prostatectomy.

title: Seminal plasma proteins in @entity263 : increased nuclear XXXX expression is a predictor of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia/carcinoma', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity19451 :: (6406,Gene) :: ['semenogelin I']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19878 ( @entity19878 ) is a semi-synthetic analog of @entity14514 that has been characterized as a microtubule stabilizing agent with a mechanism of action distinct from @entity6023 . Suggestion of activity in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has been seen in early clinical studies. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity1358 as well as ECOG performance status 0-2 and normal organ function. @entity1 received @entity19878 at a dose of 40 mg/m2 intravenously over three hours every 21 days. There was no restriction on @entity1358 histology or prior treatment type, but prior treatment with tubule inhibitors was not allowed. The primary endpoint was RECIST defined response and radiographic evaluations were performed every three cycles. @entity137 evaluations utilized CTCAE v3.0 and were performed every cycle. Using a Simon two-stage optimal design with alpha = 0.1, beta = 0.1, a null hypothesized response rate of 0.05 and an alternative response rate of 0.2, an initial 12 @entity1 were to be accrued with full accrual of 37 @entity1 if at least one response were observed. RESULTS: A median of five cycles were administered. No objective responses were observed in the first 12 evaluable @entity1 , and six @entity1 showed stable disease for more than 18 weeks on therapy. Median time to progression among those with objective progression was nine weeks. One @entity1 experienced grade 4 @entity417 and @entity2905 . Grade 3 adverse events included @entity2905 , @entity1398 , @entity1431 , @entity294 , and @entity281 . Common grade 2 @entity137 included @entity1665 , @entity1295 and @entity417 . CONCLUSION: @entity19878 administered at a dose of 40 mg/m2 every 21 days should not be advanced for further study in metastatic @entity1358 . Given previous results, however, other dosing schedules may be worthy of further investigation.

title: A phase II study of @entity19878 ( XXXX ) in metastatic @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone', 'Ixabepilone', 'BMS-247550']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity14514 :: ('MESH:C093788', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilone B']

answer: @entity19878 :: (MESH:C430592,Chemical) :: ['BMS-247550']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To design and establish a model to examine whether brief periods of @entity432 (ischaemic preconditioning, @entity7173 ) confers protection from the effects of a subsequent period of ischaemia and reperfusion of the @entity35 kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety @entity35 were randomized into six groups, i.e. sham-operated controls; @entity7173 alone; a 20 or 40 min period of left @entity8 ( @entity8 ) alone; and @entity7173 followed by a 20 or 40 min period of @entity8 . Preconditioning involved the sequential clamping of the left renal artery for 4 min and its release for 11 min, a total of four times, a 'critical interval' of 30 min before the ischaemic insult. Left renal tissue integrity was determined by @entity9409 ( @entity9409 ) radionuclide imaging on a gamma-camera both immediately (day 0) and 2 and 9 days later. @entity4295 was also assessed histologically. RESULTS: @entity8 for 20 min resulted in a significant decrease in left renal tissue integrity on day 2 only (P < 0.001), whereas @entity8 for 40 min caused significant left @entity8 on day 0, day 2 and day 9 (P < or = 0.01). For a given duration of ischaemia, there was no significant difference between results from ( @entity7173 + @entity8 ) @entity35 compared with @entity8 -only @entity35 at any of the three times. There was no significant alteration in renal tissue integrity in the @entity7173 -only @entity35 compared with sham-operated controls. Histological findings paralleled the data obtained from @entity9409 uptake. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity7173 regimen and 30 min 'critical interval' confers no protection to the kidney from a 20 or 40 min ischaemic episode. The @entity7173 regimen itself appears to have no effect, confirming the validity of our experimental model.

title: Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the XXXX kidney: the effect of preconditioning.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischaemia', 'renal dysfunction', 'RI']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['Acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9409 :: ('MESH:D004113', 'Chemical') :: ['DMSA', 'dimercapto-succinic acid']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The incidence of @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ) is around 1 to 3%. This pathology occurs in young @entity1 , who often wish to become pregnant. Theoretically, two mechanisms could be involved: initial follicle depletion and follicle dysfunction. However, in some cases, mixed mechanisms are involved. Initially, @entity22105 was considered irreversible. In fact, signs of intermittent ovarian function in normal karyotypically @entity1 have been described, but predicting the probability of spontaneous remission in a specific @entity1 is impossible. Therefore, various treatments for ovulation induction have been proposed to these @entity1 . Most of the pregnancies occur after hormone replacement therapy. The action of this treatment is unclear and the cause-and-effect relation has not been proven by prospective, randomized studies. The benefit of suppressing endogen gonadotropins by @entity1176 agonists is not proven either. @entity172 supplementation and high-dose gonadotropin ovarian stimulation protocols have been proposed. Even so, this therapy cannot be recommended because of the lack of controlled studies. Finally, numerous case reports have described the @entity2670 after using immunosuppressive therapies. The lack of particular criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune mechanisms have lead to treat heterogeneous groups of @entity1 . No randomized controlled studies with immunologic monitorage have been performed that could establish the success of this therapy. Therefore, in order to find effective treatments, basic pathophysiologic mechanisms must be better understood. For those @entity1 who want to become pregnant, the lack of prospective, randomized studies cannot lead to formal conclusions. Depending on the @entity1 ' age and history, it appears reasonable to attempt a corrective therapy based on defined etiology, before entering in a donor oocyte program.

title: [From pathological diagnosis to ovulation induction. The case of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['return of ovarian function']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['ovarian insufficiency']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity697 were treated with @entity26397 proxetil (CPDX-PR, @entity7550 ), a new oral @entity5898 . 1. A @entity1 of 4 years old, weighing 17 kg, and another @entity1 of 12 years old, weighing 33 kg, were administered orally each 3 mg/kg of CPDX-PR. Blood levels of CPDX reached peaks of 1.39 and 2.26 micrograms/ml at 4 hours-post-dose, and T1/2's were 2.09 and 2.63 hours, respectively. Cumulative urinary recovery rates for 8 hours were 57.3 and 80.9%, respectively. 2. A total of 30 @entity1 was treated with CPDX-PR. These @entity1 included 10 with @entity697 , 6 with acute @entity3617 , 5 with @entity3127 , 2 with scarlet @entity221 and 2 with @entity293 , and one each with @entity697 , @entity697 , @entity697 plus sweat gland abscess, @entity5391 and @entity697 . The treatment was effective in 27 cases out of 29 (except one with an unknown response) with a clinical efficacy rate of 93.1%. 3. Bacteriological responses to CPDX-PR were as follows; eradication of pathogen in 7, and unknown in 2 out of 9 cases from whom pathogens had been isolated prior to the treatment. 4. As a side effect, @entity294 was observed in 1 @entity1 , but it was possible to continue the treatment. With regard to laboratory tests, a slight elevation of GOT and slight elevations of GOT and @entity6283 were found in 1 case each.

title: [A clinical evaluation of XXXX proxetil in pediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity5391 :: ('MESH:D013206', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'acute tonsillitis', 'acute lymphadenitis', 'acute infections', 'acute pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity26397 :: ('MESH:C053268', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpodoxime']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity26397 :: (MESH:C053268,Chemical) :: ['cefpodoxime']


abstract: We hypothesized that like bispectral index, entropy may be anesthetic agent specific. We carried out a study to assess the entropy values of different anesthetics at equi-minimal alveolar concentrations (MACs) with air and @entity3810 as carrier gases. Thirty adult @entity1 undergoing spine surgery were randomized to receive @entity1508 , @entity5161 , or @entity2614 , in 2 stages, (a) with air/ @entity26 mixture (2:1) and (b) in @entity3810 / @entity26 (2:1). Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, response entropy (RE), and @entity3290 ( @entity3290 ) were noted at 1.0 and 1.5 MACs for each agent. Statistical analysis was done using the 2-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni correction and Student t test for paired data. P value of less than 0.05 were considered significant. The demographics and baseline values of heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, RE, and @entity3290 were comparable. Changing from air/ @entity26 as carrier gas to 66% @entity3810 in @entity26 resulted in significant increase in both RE and @entity3290 at 1.0 MAC for all the agents (P<0.05). Among the agents, it was found that both RE and @entity3290 values were significantly higher during @entity1508 anesthesia as compared with @entity2614 and @entity5161 (P<0.05). At 1.5 MAC for all agents, after addition of @entity3810 , there was an insignificant reduction in both RE and @entity3290 (P>0.05). Again the values of RE and @entity3290 remained high for @entity1508 as compared with @entity5161 and @entity2614 . In conclusion, our data suggest a possibility of misinterpretation of anesthetic hypnosis when entropy values increase with addition of @entity3810 to 1 MAC @entity5161 and @entity2614 .

title: EEG entropy values during XXXX , @entity2614 and @entity1508 anesthesia with and without @entity3810 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3290 :: ('MESH:D062706', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'state entropy']

answer: @entity5161 :: (MESH:D007530,Chemical) :: ['isoflurane']


abstract: Whether a @entity3818 ( @entity3818 )  -Kr  ppel  -like factor 8 ( @entity40875 )  - @entity1495 / @entity5962 signaling axis exists in @entity157 ( @entity157 ) remains unknown. In the present study, @entity40875 expression and its clinicopathological significance in @entity157 was investigated to determine the correlation between @entity40875 and @entity3818 , @entity1495 and @entity5962 expression. Tissues were obtained from 60  surgically resected @entity157 and normal @entity5  -adjacent tissues. @entity40875 , @entity3818 , @entity1495 and @entity5962 expression levels were examined by quantitative real  -time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT  -PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In addition, @entity40875 , @entity3818 , @entity1495 and @entity5962 protein expression levels were examined by western blot analysis in 5  @entity5 and corresponding @entity157 tissues. The clinicopathological data of the @entity157 @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. @entity40875 mRNA expression was found to be significantly upregulated in @entity157 @entity5 tissues compared with normal @entity5  -adjacent tissues  (P<0.05). @entity40875 protein was highly expressed in @entity5 . @entity40875 expression level was significantly higher in @entity5 with advanced TNM stages and vascular invasion compared with that in @entity5 with early TNM stage and absence of vascular invasion (P<0.05). @entity40875 protein and mRNA expression in @entity157 positively correlated with that of @entity3818 (r=0.362, P<0.001; and r=0.377, P<0.01, respectively) and @entity1495 (r=0.392, P<0.01; and r=0.336, P<0.01, respectively), but negatively correlated with @entity5962 (r=  -0.364, P<0.01; and r=  -0.410, P<0.01, respectively). Results of the current study highlight a novel @entity3818  - @entity40875  - @entity1495 / @entity5962 signaling axis during @entity157 progression.

title: Kr  ppel  -like factor expression and correlation with @entity3818 , @entity1495 and @entity5962 expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'portal vein cancer emboli', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)  -9', 'MMP  -9']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased incidence of @entity5695 has been noted among @entity1 too young to be immunized. We studied the disease burden of @entity5695 in pediatric intensive care units and the source of @entity281 in several Asian, European and Latin American countries. METHODS: The study was conducted in 7 countries from September 2001 to January 2004. @entity1 <1 year of age were enrolled from pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and pediatric wards if they presented with @entity1576 , @entity386 , @entity1168 , or cough accompanied by @entity7965 , @entity391 , whoop or @entity848 . Household members of @entity5695 -positive index cases were asked to answer a questionnaire and provide diagnostic specimens. RESULTS: @entity5695 was confirmed in 99 @entity1 (12%) of 823 @entity1 included in the analysis: 10 of 90 (11%) in Brazil, 9 of 88 (10%) in Costa Rica, 11 of 145 (8%) in Germany, 13 of 147 (9%) in Singapore, 29 of 67 (43%) in Spain, 2 of 86 (2%) in Taiwan and 25 of 200 (13%) in Uruguay. However, sensitivity analysis indicated that these figures were conservative. The mean (+/- SD) average age of @entity281 was 2.6 +/- 2.2 months. @entity5695 was found among 96 of 269 (36%) of household contacts investigated. At least one household contact was identified as the source of @entity281 in 24 of 88 (27%) of the PICU cases and mothers were identified as being the most frequent source of @entity281 . CONCLUSION: Although regional differences exist, severe @entity5695 represents a considerable global disease burden. Since most @entity1 are infected before vaccination and concomitant protection is completed, household contacts should be targeted for booster vaccination to reduce the @entity5695 reservoir.

title: Prospective multinational study of @entity281 in hospitalized XXXX and their household contacts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5695 :: ('MESH:D014917', 'Disease') :: ['pertussis', 'Pertussis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The criteria for @entity3 (low grade) @entity189 of the thyroid ( @entity3 ) remain controversial, often resulting in unnecessary treatment. METHODS: The records of 130 @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity259 were retrieved from the files of the Endocrine Tumor Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 were confirmed to have @entity3 based on the authors' criteria of small-to-medium vessel invasion, capsular invasion of up to full thickness, no parenchymal @entity5 extension, and no @entity5 @entity39 ( @entity1 with @entity5 were excluded). The remaining 35 @entity1 had @entity5 that were reclassified as "not low grade" based on large vessel invasion, extension into parenchyma, and @entity5 @entity39 (oxyphilic cases excluded). The @entity3 @entity1 included 67 @entity1 and 28 @entity1 , ages 20-95 years (average, 42.0 years). Nearly all @entity1 presented with a @entity1374 (n = 90 @entity1 ). The mean @entity5 size was 2.8 cm. Histologic features examined for @entity5 classification included cellularity, capsule nature, capsular invasion, vascular invasion, extension into parenchyma, cytoplasmic oxyphilia, mitotic activity, and @entity39 . All @entity1 were treated with surgical excision. Adjuvant radioactive @entity1496 therapy was performed in 24 @entity1 . Five @entity1 developed recurrent disease: four were alive or had died without evidence of disease after additional treatment (mean, 18.1 years), and one @entity1 died with disease ( @entity3 ) at 15.1 years. All of the remaining @entity1 were disease free (mean follow-up, 16.5 years). CONCLUSIONS: There are reproducible histologic criteria to diagnose @entity1 with @entity189 . The overall excellent long term prognosis and a good @entity1 outcome suggests that no additional surgery is necessary.

title: A clinicopathologic study of @entity3 @entity189 of the XXXX with a review of the English literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'oxyphilic tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['MI follicular carcinoma', 'follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['minimally invasive', 'MI', 'MI tumor']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['follicular thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid mass']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid gland']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of otherwise undetected myocardial cell injury in @entity1 with @entity326 using daily measurements of @entity6949 ( @entity6949 ). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a tertiary institution. @entity1 : Fifteen consecutive @entity1 with @entity326 and six mechanically ventilated @entity1 without @entity326 . INTERVENTIONS: Daily collection of blood for the measurement of @entity6949 serum levels. Regular biochemical and hemodynamic assessment. Illness severity assessment and collection of demographic data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were studied for a median period of 3 days (range, 1 to 9 days). Serum @entity6949 concentrations were elevated to values otherwise considered diagnostic of @entity583 in 12 @entity1 and were significantly higher than in critically ill controls (p = .01). All three @entity1 who died in the intensive care unit and all four @entity1 who did not survive beyond 28 days had elevated levels of @entity6949 . Survivors tended to lower levels of @entity6949 while in @entity326 than nonsurvivors, and all three @entity1 without increased @entity6949 survived. There was a significant positive correlation between vasoactive drug requirements and @entity6949 level (p = .04) and a significant negative correlation between @entity6949 concentration and left @entity64 work index (p = .01). CONCLUSION: @entity296 appears to be common in @entity1 with @entity326 and correlates with @entity299 .

title: @entity296 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial cell injury']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity6949 :: ('7137', 'Gene') :: ['cTN I', 'cardiac troponin I']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: Dilation with @entity349 filled bougies is the oldest and simplest technique available for treatment of benign esophageal strictures. In the majority of @entity1 , @entity349 -filled dilators are effective and quite safe. Dilation is successful in 80-90%, and the rate of complication is less then 0.2%. Maloney dilators have superseded Hurst dilators because their tapered, flexible @entity3455 allows better guidance of the dilators into the lumen of the stricture. Several cautions are in order when using Maloney dilators. Dilation of difficult strictures should be observed by fluoroscopy to prevent misdirection of the dilator and esophageal perforation. Where possible, Maloney dilators should not be used to treat narrow, elongated, or angulated strictures. Dilation need not be rushed. Treatments may be repeated over months to years, both to achieve symptomatic relief initially and to maintain that state. Finally, @entity1 susceptible to @entity884 require antibiotic prohylaxis prior to treatment.

title: XXXX bougie dilation of benign esophageal strictures.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity349 :: (MESH:D008628,Chemical) :: ['Mercury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) is not curable with conventional chemotherapy. To improve the prognosis of @entity1 with this disease, we prospectively studied an intensive sequential therapy consisting of the Dexa-BEAM regimen ( @entity619 , @entity3600 , @entity2879 , @entity2592 , melphalan) followed by myeloablative therapy with autologous stem cell reinfusion. @entity1 AND METHODS: Nine consecutive @entity1 with stage III/IV @entity1073 were included. Two had untreated disease, four were in first remission, whereas three had more @entity1442 . All @entity1 underwent one to two cycles of Dexa-BEAM chemotherapy to reduce the @entity5 load and to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). Subsequently, @entity1 were treated with high-dose radiochemotherapy followed by PBPC reinfusion and were prospectively analyzed for @entity66 by clinical methods as well as by PCR amplification clonal CDRIII rearrangements. RESULTS: With an overall response rate of 100%, the initial @entity42507 cycles effectively reduced the @entity5 load. All @entity1 proceeded to high-dose therapy and subsequent stem cell rescue. Engraftment was prompt, and procedure-related deaths did not occur. With a median follow-up of 12 (3-33) months post transplant, all @entity1 are alive in continuing clinical and molecular remission. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential intensive therapy consisting of Dexa-BEAM and high-dose radiochemotherapy appears to be a highly effective treatment for @entity1 with @entity1073 . However, the data are still preliminary, and larger @entity1 numbers and a longer follow-up are required.

title: Sequential high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['MC', 'Mantle cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: AIM: This study assessed the feasibility of pelvic peritonectomy for @entity189 localized in the pelvic cavity. The survival and clinical benefits were examined, especially in @entity14 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 underwent pelvic peritoneal resection for peritoneal dissemination localized in the pelvis (10 @entity43 ). The male/female ratio was 5/12. The age range was 31-83 (median=63) years. The peritoneal @entity5 index was 2-16 (median=4). Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy was not performed. RESULTS: For all 17 cases, pelvic exenteration significantly increased invasiveness in the treatment of @entity298 (p<0.05). Additionally, pelvic exenteration did not improve prognosis. In all cases, the serum @entity787 ( @entity787 ) levels decreased significantly from a mean of 15.1 (range=0.8-55.7) to 2.4 (range= 0.5-7.4) ng/ml (paired t-test, p<0.05). For @entity14 , serum @entity787 decreased significantly from 19.3 (range=1.2-55.7) to 2.7 (range=0.5-7.4) ng/ml (paired t-test, p<0.05). In the @entity14 series, cumulative 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 89% and 71%, respectively. One- and 3-year recurrence-free survival rates were 78% and 67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The cytoreductive effect of this method is feasible and excellent for pelvic @entity189 . @entity530 without perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a safe, effective procedure for peritoneal @entity189 from @entity14 localized in the pelvis.

title: XXXX without intraperitoneal chemotherapy for localized peritoneal @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, six ovarian, one cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic peritonectomy']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['Pelvic peritonectomy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether several quantitative ultrasonographic measures have potential to discriminate @entity263 from normal prostate and to determine the best combination of these measures. The true spatial distributions of @entity5 within the prostates studied were obtained histologically after radical prostatectomy. The relationship between Doppler ultrasonography and microvessel count was also investigated. METHODS: Three-dimensional Doppler ultrasonographic data were acquired from 39 @entity1 before radical prostatectomy. The removed prostate was sectioned, and whole-mount hematoxylineosin-stained slides were used to identify all regions of @entity5 within each prostate. These histologic and ultrasonographic data were spatially registered. Doppler ultrasonographic measures were calculated within uniformly sized three-dimensional regions that were either entirely cancerous or noncancerous, and receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed on the results. Microvessel counts were made within each contiguous cancerous region and correlated with ultrasonographic measures. RESULTS: Color pixel density was the best simple measure for discriminating @entity263 (accuracy, 80%). The mean power mode value (normalized mean power in color pixels) was inversely related to @entity5 with an accuracy of 1--normalized mean power in color pixels = 65% (low mean power is more cancerous). When color pixel density was combined with the normalized mean power in color pixels, its accuracy improved slightly to 84%. The peak microvessel count had a negative correlation with color pixel density as well as with @entity5 stage. CONCLUSION: Doppler ultrasonography does provide discriminatory information for @entity263 , with color pixel density being the most promising measure.

title: Analysis of three-dimensional Doppler ultrasonographic quantitative measures for the discrimination of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: One limitation of reduced-intensity preparative regimens is potential for graft failure. We have developed a regimen that targets @entity404 (+) lymphodepletion to ensure early and durable engraftment. The primary endpoint was achievement of >= 50% CD3(+) donor chimerism by day +28. Forty-two @entity1 (median age, 53 years; range, 29 to 73 years) received @entity9392 4 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -28, -21, and -14 when the @entity404 (+) cell count was >100 cells/ L and on days -4 and -3 regardless of @entity404 (+) level. Rituximab 375 mg/m(2) was administered to @entity1 with CD20(+) @entity5 on days -21, -14, -7, +1, and +8. @entity1863 200 mg/m(2) i.v. was administered on days -4 and -2 at a dose to target a cumulative AUC dose of 16,000 (  10%)  mol  min/L. @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis consisted of @entity1140 plus @entity1499 in 86% of @entity1 . Donors were matched-related (47%), matched unrelated (43%), or mismatched unrelated (10%). @entity1072 (45%) and @entity1893 (14%) were the most common diagnoses. Disease status at initiation of the preparative regimen was complete remission in 22%, partial response in 55%, and stable/progression in 24%. The median percent @entity404 (+) cell count decrease from baseline (day -28) was 52% to day -21, 66% to day -14, 62% to day -7, and 91% to day 0. At day +28, all 42 @entity1 (100%) had >= 50% CD3(+) donor chimerism. No @entity1 experienced graft failure. Overall response rate was 82% (complete remisson, 67%). The day +100 cumulative incidence of grade II-IV acute @entity2132 was 59% (grade III-IV acute @entity2132 , 19%), and the 2 year cumulative incidence of chronic @entity2132 was 69% (moderate/severe, 58%). Nonrelapse mortality was 2% at day +100 and 17% at 2 years. Two-year PFS was 55%, and @entity3012 was 68%. This regimen ensures durable engraftment, is effective against persistent disease, and results in relatively low mortality from causes other than relapse.

title: Phase II study of XXXX +-guided @entity9392 lymphodepletion and pharmacokinetically targeted @entity1863 as conditioning for hematopoietic cell allografting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ['pentostatin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: The expression of MHC class II genes is strictly tissue specific. In a limited number of cells, the expression of these genes is inducible by cytokines and only in dendritic and B cells is expression constitutive. @entity558 blocks the cytokine-dependent induction of these genes, but enhances their expression in dendritic and the B cell line A20. We have observed that @entity558 increased surface expression by raising I-A protein and mRNA levels. @entity558 does not enhance the expression of the transactivator @entity37685 . In transient transfection experiments, @entity558 induced the expression of the @entity22561 promoter, which contains an AP-1 box located between 1722 and 1729 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site. Mutation of this box abrogated the effect of @entity558 . The AP-1 box still responded to @entity558 when we moved it to -611 bp or even when it was in the opposite direction. @entity558 induced a complex that bound to the @entity19 box. However, in dendritic cells, the complex comprised @entity9829 and @entity9830 while in A20 cells only @entity9829 . This was confirmed by chromatin immune precipitation assays and the distinct induction of @entity9829 and @entity9830 mRNAs. Therefore, our results indicate that @entity558 exerts a novel regulatory mechanism in the control of MHC class II gene expression.

title: Lipopolysaccharide up-regulates MHC class II expression on dendritic cells through an AP-1 enhancer without affecting the levels of XXXX .

answer: @entity37685 :: (12265(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CIITA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This work aimed to determine the seasonal variations of @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) in airborne PM10 at two background sites (Masn  - @entity15 , L    e  -LN) in Brno over a 5-year period (2009-2013). Samples were collected on quartz filters using a low-volume sampler by continual filtration. Concentrations of @entity2556 in collected PM10 samples were determined using a gas chromatography with a mass spectrometer as a detector. A different number of @entity2556 were determined to be at each site, i.e., 11 @entity2556 at the @entity15 site and six @entity2556 at the LN site, and similarities between them were identified using non-parametric analysis of variance. Potential sources were identified using @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) and @entity2556 diagnostic ratios. The work also focused on health risk assessment. This was estimated using toxic equivalent factors to calculate individual lifetime @entity5 risk, which quantifies risk of exposure to @entity2556 for specific age groups. The average 11- @entity2556 concentrations in M S site annually ranged from 19.28      19.02  ng  m(-3) (2011) to 40.37      21.35  ng  m(-3) (2013). With regard to the LN site, the average six- @entity2556 concentrations annually ranged from 3.64      3.87  ng  m(-3) (2009) and 5.27      6.19  ng  m(-3) (2012). @entity2483 and diagnostic ratios indicate the main sources to be traffic emissions and coal combustion. Health risk assessment showed carcinogenic risk under limit value in all cases.

title: Levels, sources, and health risk assessment of XXXX in Brno, Czech Republic: a 5-year study.

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'principal component analysis']

answer: @entity2555 :: (MESH:D011084,Chemical) :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of @entity378 remains a challenge worldwide. The Xpert MTB/RIF test, a rapid mycobacteria @entity378 diagnostic tool, was recommended for use in @entity1 based on data from adult studies. We evaluated the performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of @entity1907 using one induced sputum sample and described clinical characteristics associated with a positive Xpert MTB/RIF test. The sputum culture on both Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) was the gold standard. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 250 Ugandan @entity1 aged 2   months to 12   years with suspected @entity1907 between January 2011 and January 2012 into a cross-sectional diagnostic study at a tertiary care facility in Uganda. RESULTS: We excluded data from 15 @entity1 (13 contaminated culture and 2 indeterminate MTB/RIF test results) and analysed 235 records. The Xpert MTB/RIF test had a sensitivity of 79.4% (95% CI 63.2 - 89.7) and a specificity of 96.5% (95% CI 93 - 98.3). The Xpert MTB/RIF test identified 13 of the 14 (92.9%) smear positive-culture positive and 14 of the 20 (70%) smear negative -culture positive cases. The Xpert MTB/RIF identified twice as many cases as the smear microscopy (79.4% Vs 41.2%). Age   >   5   years (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 - 7.4, p value 0.005), a history of @entity378 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1 - 5.2, p value 0.03), and a positive tuberculin skin test (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.7 - 10, p value 0.02) was associated with a positive Xpert MTB/RIF test. The median time to @entity378 detection was 49.5   days (IQR 38.4-61.2) for LJ, and 6   days (IQR 5 - 11.5) for MGIT culture and 2   hours for the Xpert MTB/RIF test. CONCLUSION: The Xpert MTB/RIF test on one sputum sample rapidly and correctly identified the majority of @entity1 with culture confirmed @entity1907 with high specificity.

title: Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF test for the diagnosis of XXXX in Uganda: a cross-sectional diagnostic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['childhood tuberculosis', 'Tuberculosis (TB) contact', 'TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis', 'childhood pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['childhood pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: @entity7606 is a common @entity66 in denture wearers. Multiple aetiological and predisposing factors are believed to be responsible for its initiation and progression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between denture age, denture hygiene habits, denture wearing and denture cleanliness in an elderly edentulous Asian population. Seventy-five edentulous @entity1 , all wearing maxillary complete dentures were divided into two groups. The test group comprised 36 @entity1 (14 male and 22 female) with @entity7606 . The control group comprised 39 subjects (14 male and 25 female) with clinically healthy palatal mucosa. A standardized interview and clinical appraisal were carried out. The dye disclosing method was used to assess denture cleanliness and the resultant staining pattern scored. Statistical appraisal between the two groups revealed significant differences in denture hygiene habits (P < 0.05), denture wearing behaviour (P < 0.01) and denture cleanliness (P < 0.01). No significant difference was observed in the age of dentures between the test group and controls (P > 0.05). In the studied Asian edentulous population, a relationship between denture hygiene habits, denture wearing behaviour and denture cleanliness to the presence of denture @entity3136 was observed.

title: XXXX in an elderly edentulous Asian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7606 :: ('MESH:D013282', 'Disease') :: ['Denture stomatitis', 'Type II denture stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['oral disease']

answer: @entity7606 :: (MESH:D013282,Disease) :: ['Denture stomatitis']


abstract: @entity172 has been shown to enhance the effects of antipsychotics in @entity1 . To investigate the mechanisms of how this may occur, the current study examined @entity53 's effects on dopaminergic transmission and behavior in @entity4944 -sensitized and non-sensitized female @entity35 . Sixty-four ovariectomized female @entity35 were used for this study. Half of the @entity35 were sensitized to four once-daily injections of 1  mg/kg @entity4944 and the other half served as controls. @entity35 received chronic administration of either low-dose @entity1767 (0.25  mg/kg/day) or saline vehicle via osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously. The groups were further subdivided with respect to @entity53 treatment: low chronic @entity172 (subcutaneous @entity53 implant, 0.36  mg/pellet: 90-day release, plus an additional oil vehicle injection every second day) and high pulsatile @entity172 (subcutaneous @entity53 implant plus an additional 10   g/kg @entity53 injection every second day). Motor activity was assessed at day  2 and day  12 during @entity1767 treatment, while nucleus accumbens @entity935 availability was assessed via microdialysis 10  days into antipsychotic treatment. @entity1767 treatment along with high, but not low, @entity53 replacement was effective in reducing @entity4944 -induced locomotor activity in sensitized @entity35 . High @entity53 treatment also augmented the effects of chronic @entity1767 in reducing dopaminergic release in sensitized @entity35 . These data suggest that @entity53 levels affect both the behavioral and the @entity935 responses to chronic antipsychotic treatment.

title: @entity172 potentiates the behavioral and nucleus accumbens @entity935 response to continuous XXXX treatment in female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['Haloperidol', 'haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity1767 :: (MESH:D006220,Chemical) :: ['haloperidol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7492 involutes during childhood; the @entity5 decreases in size and its color fades. Reconstructive procedures are often withheld until the lesion stops improving. The purpose of this study was to determine the age at which involution of @entity7492 ends, and factors that influence its regression. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity7492 managed between 2007 and 2011 were studied retrospectively. The outcome variable was age at which the appearance of the @entity7492 ceased to improve. Predictive variables were sex, lesion size, location, @entity5 depth, @entity1066 , and history of treatment (local or systemic @entity228 ). RESULTS: The study comprised 81 @entity1 . @entity7492 was located on the head/neck (79.0 percent), trunk (13.6 percent), or extremity (7.4 percent). Average @entity5 area was 9.3    9.7 cm. Twenty-six percent of the cohort was treated with a @entity228 during the proliferative phase and 87.6 percent underwent reconstruction for a @entity85 . Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated that involution ceased at a median age of 36 months (interquartile range, 30 to 42 months), and 92 percent of @entity5 completed involution by 48 months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that sex (p = 0.80), lesion size (p = 0.09), location (p = 0.77), @entity5 depth (p = 0.74), @entity1066 (p = 0.18), and previous local (p = 0.73) or systemic (p = 0.60) @entity228 treatment did not influence regression. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity7492 do not improve significantly after 3.5 years of age. Reconstructive procedures should be considered at this age; the @entity5 has been allowed to regress and the deformity is improved before the development of long-term memory and psychosocial morbidity.

title: XXXX : clinical assessment of the involuting phase and implications for management.

entities_list: @entity7492 :: ('MESH:C535860', 'Disease') :: ['Infantile hemangioma', 'infantile hemangiomas', 'infantile hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['residual deformity']

answer: @entity7492 :: (MESH:C535860,Disease) :: ['Infantile hemangioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity6 is the single most common cause of @entity740 ( @entity740 ); however its real impact on @entity417 has not been established. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether onset, severity, and prevalence of @entity417 during the course of @entity740 is different between @entity164 2 @entity6 and non- @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: We enrolled 281 @entity1 with: (1) @entity164 2 @entity6 and no @entity740 (n = 75); (2) @entity164 2 @entity6 plus @entity740 (n = 106), and (3) @entity740 without @entity164 2 @entity6 (n = 100). According to K/DOQI guidelines, the @entity1 with @entity177 (i.e., those with a glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min) were subgrouped into three tertiles of @entity740 : (1) stage 3 ( @entity1011 clearance 60-30 ml/min); (2) stage 4 ( @entity1011 clearance 29-15 ml/min), and (3) stage 5 ( @entity1011 clearance <15 ml/min). RESULTS: @entity417 was observed in 16% of the @entity6 @entity1 without @entity740 ; it was more frequent in the @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 than in the non- @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 (61.7 vs. 52%, p < 0.05). The comparison among the tertiles showed that the prevalence of @entity417 was significantly higher only in @entity2316 @entity1 of stages 4 and 5. The prevalence was higher in females independently of @entity6 . In @entity6 with a normal renal function, the haemoglobin levels were higher than in @entity6 and non- @entity6 with @entity740 , but the @entity6 showed lower levels of haemoglobin than non- @entity6 at stage 3 and stage 4 of @entity740 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity740 of stages 4 and 5 have a higher prevalence of @entity417 than non- @entity6 @entity1 with comparable glomerular filtration rate. A higher awareness of this risk will allow earlier diagnosis and treatment.

title: Prevalence and severity of @entity417 in XXXX with @entity164 2 @entity2316 and different degrees of @entity740 .

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['renal anaemia', 'anaemia', 'Anaemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetic', 'diabetics', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic CKD']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: Evaluate the association between admission blood @entity413 (ABG) and short and long-term mortality following hospitalization for @entity55 of elderly @entity1 with and without @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Observational data derived from the electronic records of hospitalized @entity1 >= 65years, admitted for @entity55 between January 2011 and December 2013. ABG levels were classified to categories:  <=70 (low), 70-110 (normal), 111-140 (mildly elevated), 141-199mg/dl (moderately elevated) and >= 200mg/dl (markedly elevated). Main outcomes were all-cause mortality rates at various time points. RESULTS: Cohort included 2164 @entity1 , 743 with @entity6 (mean age 81, 53% male) and 1421 without it (mean age 83, 52% male). There was a significant interaction between @entity6 , ABG and mortality (p <=0.05). In @entity1 without @entity6 , compared with normal ABG, in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates (adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI) were higher with moderately (1.5 and 1.4, respectively, p<0.05) and markedly elevated ABG (2.7 and 1.9, respectively, p<0.05). Long-term results were similar at 12 and 36months (1.3 and 1.8, respectively, p<0.05, for moderately and markedly elevated ABG). CONCLUSION: In elderly non- @entity6 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity55 , moderately and markedly elevated ABG is associated with increased short- and long-term mortality. In @entity6 @entity1 there is no association between ABG and mortality.

title: The prognostic significance of admission blood @entity413 levels in elderly @entity1 with XXXX (GAP Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low concentrations of exogenous @entity1223 (CO) have been reported to be useful for the treatment of @entity74 related to @entity32 and oxidative stress. However, a number of obstacles make it difficult to use CO in vivo. Among these are, at high concentrations, it is toxic and the fact that it is difficult to control its delivery in the body. Hemoglobin-encapsulated liposomes, Hemoglobin-vesicles ( @entity97 ), have the potential for use as a new type of nano-sized CO donor, referred to as CO-bound @entity97 (CO- @entity97 ). In this study, we investigated the potential of CO- @entity97 as a CO donor in terms of @entity137 and therapeutic efficacy using an experimental @entity1960 model. Toxicological assessments of CO- @entity97 showed no severe adverse effects including @entity204 , and clinical laboratory tests and histopathological changes remained normal for 28days after the administration of doses up to 1400mgHb/kg. We then evaluated the therapeutic efficacies of CO- @entity97 on dextran sulfate @entity1372 (DSS)-induced @entity1960 model @entity19 . A single administration of CO- @entity97 at 3days from beginning of the DSS treatment dramatically improved @entity1960 symptoms, colonic histopathological changes and the duration of survival compared to both saline and @entity97 administration. In addition, the therapeutic effects of CO- @entity97 on @entity1960 can be attributed to a decreased level of neutrophil infiltration, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative injuries. Interestingly, it appears that an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokine production contributes, in part, to therapeutic effects of CO- @entity97 in the treatment of @entity1960 . These safety and efficacy profiles of CO- @entity97 suggest that it has the potential for use as a drug for treating, not only @entity1960 but also a variety of other disorders associated with @entity32 and oxidative stress.

title: Evaluation of a new type of nano-sized @entity1223 donor on treating XXXX with experimentally induced @entity1960 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1223 :: ('MESH:D002248', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon monoxide']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various disorders']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure energy cost and gait analysis in @entity1 with @entity64 with and without a newly developed orthosis. DESIGN: Immediate and long-term (3wk) intervention (before-after trial). SETTING: University medical center. @entity1 : Volunteer sample of 27 @entity1 with long-term (range, 0.6-19y) @entity64 . INTERVENTION: Three-week familiarization to the new walking aid. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Energy cost (per distance walked), @entity4464 ( @entity4464 ), and step length. Energy cost was examined in all subjects while walking on a treadmill at 3 different velocities ( @entity4464 , @entity4464 +30%, @entity4464 -30%) during 3 different situations (without orthosis, with orthosis, after 3-wk orthosis familiarization). Spatiotemporal aspects of the gait pattern were examined using a 6-m instrumented walkway system. RESULTS: Using the orthosis immediately decreased energy cost in @entity1 with @entity64 during walking at the @entity4464 (P<.001) and significantly increased walking speed (P<.005) and step length (P<.001). After 3 weeks of familiarization to the orthosis, energy cost at the @entity4464 and at @entity4464 +30% showed further improvement in energy cost (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The newly developed orthosis immediately decreases energy cost and improves walking speed and step length in @entity1 with long-term @entity64 . After only 3 weeks of orthosis familiarization, energy cost shows additional improvement.

title: Decreased energy cost and improved gait pattern using a new orthosis in @entity1 with long-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4464 :: ('MESH:D013009', 'Disease') :: ['PWS', 'preferred walking speed']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'hemiparetic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: We measured @entity35 brain cortex @entity4095 ( @entity36724 ) with gold microelectrodes (tip diameter 5--10 micron) for up to 2 hours after 16 min of transient global @entity2806 with and without thiopental 90 mg/kg infused iv over 60 min beginning at 5 min postischemia. Seventeen @entity35 were immobilized and mechanically ventilated on 1% @entity1508 in @entity26 with continuous monitoring of @entity36724 , ECG, end-expiratory @entity515 , rectal temperature, and arterial blood pressure. Global @entity63 was induced by @entity13673 hypotension to an MAP of about 50 torr and a neck tourniquet inflated to 1500 torr. Postischemia, nine control @entity35 (11 @entity36724 measurements) were untreated and eight @entity35 (8 @entity36724 measurements) received thiopental 90 mg/kg. Preischemia, @entity36724 values in both groups ranged from less than 5--70 torr with values of greatest frequency between 10 and 15 torr. Postischemia, @entity36724 in control @entity35 peaked at 45 +/- 8 (SEM) torr at 20 min. In thiopental treated @entity35 , peak @entity36724 was 24 +/- 6 torr at 10 min postischemia. Relative frequency histograms of @entity36724 revealed that @entity36724 in thiopental treated @entity35 was lower (p less than 0.05) between 15 and 30 min postischemia. The magnitude of the decrease in @entity36724 between 105 and 120 min postischemia appeared to correlate directly with the absolute preischemic value (i.e., the higher the preischemic @entity36724 , the greater the decrease in @entity36724 postischemia). These results suggest that thiopental administered in large doses in early postischemia does not improve brain oxygenation secondary to a reduction in brain @entity26 consumption. The relevance of the correlation between the magnitude of the fall in @entity36724 postischemia and the magnitude of the preischemic value is discussed.

title: Postischemic brain oxygenation with barbiturate therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity13673 :: ('MESH:D014294', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethaphan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last years, the perioperative use of @entity6759 in cardiac surgery @entity1 is spreading. Moreover, newer indications have been suggested such as the treatment of @entity295 -associated @entity296 . In the present review, we discuss the most recent evidences in these settings. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity6759 has been seemingly confirmed to reduce mortality in @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. In particular, it appears to be the only inotropic drug to have a favorable effect on survival in any clinical setting. Moreover, @entity6759 has been shown to exert a cardioprotective action and to reduce @entity810 , renal replacement therapy, and ICU stay in cardiac surgery @entity1 . Finally, @entity6759 has been suggested to reduce mortality in @entity1 with severe @entity295 and to improve renal outcomes in @entity3124 @entity1 . SUMMARY: Although a strong rationale likely exists to use @entity6759 in the setting of perioperative and critical care medicine, evidence mainly comes from small and often poor-quality randomized clinical trials, whose results acquire significance only when pooled in meta-analyses. Moreover, some aspects related to which subgroups of @entity1 may derive the most benefits from receiving @entity6759 , to the optimal timing of administration, and to the potential adverse effects need to be further clarified. Important insights will be hopefully provided soon by the several large multicenter investigations which are currently ongoing.

title: XXXX : new indications and evidence for reduction in perioperative mortality?

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity6759 :: ('MESH:C076731', 'Chemical') :: ['Levosimendan', 'levosimendan']

answer: @entity6759 :: (MESH:C076731,Chemical) :: ['Levosimendan']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity619 ( @entity9170 ) intravitreal implant in @entity1 with active @entity3193 ( @entity3193 ) already receiving maximal tolerated systemic immunosuppressive therapy. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal study we evaluated @entity1 receiving 0.7   mg @entity9170 intravitreal implant for active @entity3193 despite maximal systemic immunosuppression. Medical history was reviewed over a period of 18   months for each @entity1 . We diagnosed @entity3193 activity using direct fundus examination and blue-light fundus autofluorescence. Primary outcomes were the rate of disease control and functional changes at end of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of injection-related adverse events and the success of immunosuppression tapering at the last examination. RESULTS: We examined eight eyes of seven @entity1 . We controlled @entity3193 activity with one injection in five eyes, two injections in one eye, and three injections in two eyes (total of 13 implants). Best-corrected visual acuity at the end of the investigational period improved in two eyes (25%), remained stable in four eyes (50%) and @entity735 (25%). Three eyes showed transient intraocular pressure increase and two eyes disclosed @entity231 progression. The average dosage of systemic @entity229 at baseline and after @entity9170 intravitreal implant decreased from 8.8 to 2.8   mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: @entity619 intravitreal implant may be an effective treatment option to control active serpiginous lesions in @entity1 in whom increased systemic corticosteroid therapy is contraindicated.

title: XXXX intravitreal implant in @entity3193 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in two eyes']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['SC', 'serpiginous choroiditis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['Dexamethasone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between body mass index as a measure of @entity28 and @entity5 outcomes has been inconsistent. Radiologic measures of visceral adiposity using CT scans have not been well characterized among @entity5 @entity1 . The objective of this study was to examine quantitative radiologic measures of visceral @entity28 compared with body mass index in predicting @entity1 outcomes among @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiation and resection for locally advanced @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: We identified 99 @entity420 @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection. Visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, as well as perinephric fat thickness (PNF), were recorded and categorized as @entity28 (body mass index >= 30, visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio [V/S] >= 0.4, or median PNF). The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models evaluated overall and disease-free survival differences by adiposity. RESULTS: Viscerally @entity5 @entity1 (V/S >0.4 or PNF) were more likely to be older, male, and have pre-existing @entity28 -related conditions (eg, @entity6 , @entity101 , and/or @entity1007 ). Elevated V/S or PNF was associated with shorter disease-free survival (p  =  0.02) or overall survival time (p  =  0.047), respectively. Among @entity1 with well to moderately differentiated @entity5 , visceral @entity28 was associated with poorer disease-free survival (V/S >0.4: adjusted hazard ratio  = 5.0; 95% CI, 1.2-22.0). CONCLUSIONS: Visceral fat area to subcutaneous fat area ratio and PNF were strongly associated with key preoperative metabolic comorbidities, and body mass index was not. Findings suggests that elevated visceral adiposity was associated with an increased risk of recurrence, which was most evident among @entity1 with well to moderately differentiated @entity5 and those with incomplete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment. Quantitative measures of visceral adiposity warrant large-scale prospective evaluation.

title: Quantitative measures of visceral adiposity and body mass index in predicting XXXX outcomes after neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancers', 'rectal cancer', 'tumors', 'obese rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECT: It has been established that @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) induces the accumulation of fluorescent @entity7889 in @entity463 ( @entity463 ), a phenomenon potentially exploitable to guide @entity5 resection. In this study the authors analyze the influence of fluorescence-guided resection on postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and survival in a series of @entity1 who underwent surgery in the authors' department. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity1 with @entity463 received oral doses of @entity2518 (20 mg/kg body weight) 3 hours before induction of anesthesia. Intraoperatively, @entity5 fluorescence was visualized using a modified operating microscope. Fluorescing tissue was removed whenever it was considered safely possible. Residual enhancement on early postoperative MR imaging was quantified and related to each @entity1 's characteristics to determine which factors influenced resection. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis was performed in which the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, residual fluorescence, @entity1 age, and residual enhancement on MR images were considered. Intraoperatively, two fluorescence qualities were perceived: solid fluorescence generally reflected @entity5 , whereas vague fluorescence mostly corresponded to infiltrative @entity5 . Complete resection of contrast-enhancing @entity5 was accomplished in 33 @entity1 (63%). Residual intraoperative tissue fluorescence left unresected for safety reasons predicted residual enhancement on MR images in 18 of the 19 remaining @entity1 . Age, residual solid fluorescence, and absence of contrast enhancement in MR imaging were independent explanatory factors for survival, whereas the KPS score was significant only in univariate analysis. No perioperative @entity204 and one case of permanent morbidity were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: The observations in this study indicate the usefulness of @entity2518 -induced @entity5 fluorescence for guiding @entity5 resection. The completeness of resection, as determined intraoperatively from residual tissue fluorescence, was related to postoperative MR imaging findings and to survival in @entity1 suffering from @entity463 .

title: Fluorescence-guided resection of @entity463 by using @entity2518 -induced @entity7889 : a prospective study in 52 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'coalescent tumor']

entities_list: @entity7889 :: ('MESH:D011166', 'Chemical') :: ['porphyrins']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity82 ( @entity82 ) is a focal @entity79 composed of immature mesenchymal osteoblastic precursor cells. Some @entity82 @entity1 also have hyperpigmented @entity272 (caf  -au-lait spots), gonadotropin-independent @entity17246 ( @entity4262 [ @entity4262 ]). @entity4262 results from somatic mutations occurring during early development, resulting in a widespread mosaic of normal and mutant-bearing cells, which predicts that the clinical presentation of each @entity1 is determined by the extent and distribution of abnormal cells. These mutations encode constitutively active forms of @entity2163 , the ubiquitously expressed G protein alpha-subunit that couples hormone receptors to intracellular @entity268 generation. These mutations lead to substitution of @entity3689 residues that are critical for the intrinsic GTPase activity that is normally required to deactivate the G protein. This leads to prolonged activation of @entity2163 and its downstream effectors even with minimal receptor activation. This explains why @entity4262 @entity1 have stimulation of multiple peripheral endocrine glands in the absence of circulating stimulatory pituitary hormones and increased @entity2118 , which is normally induced by melanocyte-stimulating hormone through @entity2163 / @entity268 . Similar mutations are also present in 40% of @entity977 in @entity2012 @entity1 and less commonly in other endocrine @entity5 . @entity82 results from increased @entity268 in bone marrow stromal cells, leading to increased proliferation and abnormal differentiation. Parental origin of the mutated allele may also affect the clinical presentation, because @entity2163 is imprinted and expressed only from the maternal allele in some tissues (e.g., pituitary somatotrophs).

title: XXXX mutations in @entity82 and @entity4262 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['FD', 'Fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity17246 :: ('MESH:C538542', 'Disease') :: ['sexual precocity, and/or other endocrine and nonendocrine manifestations']

entities_list: @entity4262 :: ('MESH:D005359', 'Disease') :: ['MAS', 'McCune-Albright syndrome']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigment']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity2163 :: (2778,Gene) :: ['G(s)alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency and pattern of @entity3510 sustained in mountaineering accidents. METHODS: All @entity1 with @entity3510 sustained while mountaineering who were treated at the Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit from 1992 to 2001 were studied. Information was obtained from hospital notes, and each @entity1 completed a questionnaire. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity3510 sustained in mountaineering accidents were identified. Fourteen @entity1 (67.7%) were experienced mountaineers. Four (19.0%) were rock climbing, 6 (28.6%) were winter climbing, 6 (28.6%) were hill walking, and 5 (23.8%) were winter walking. Ten @entity1 (47.6%) sustained cervical injuries, 5 (23.8%) sustained @entity764 , 5 (23.8%) sustained lumbar injuries, and 1 (4.8%) sustained cervical and lumbar injuries. Nineteen @entity1 (90.5%) sustained @entity174 , 1 (4.8%) sustained a dislocation, and 1 (4.8%) sustained a @entity174 . Seventeen @entity1 (81.0%) were neurologically intact, 2 (9.5%) sustained complete @entity1566 , and 2 (9.5%) sustained incomplete @entity1971 . Ten @entity1 (47.6%) required internal fixation of their @entity174 . Fourteen @entity1 (57.1%) sustained other significant injuries. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study specifically aimed to describe patterns of @entity3510 and their outcomes in mountaineers. The group we studied had sustained @entity174 at differing spinal levels with no specific injury pattern. The incidence of @entity1566 was lower than in other @entity3510 @entity1 groups. The majority had also sustained other significant and potentially distracting injuries. Prehospital care providers should maintain a high suspicion of @entity3510 in this group.

title: XXXX in Scottish mountaineers.

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury', 'spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture dislocation']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1971 :: ('MESH:D011128', 'Disease') :: ['cauda equina lesions']

answer: @entity3510 :: (MESH:D013124,Disease) :: ['Spinal injuries']


abstract: The influence of the underlying @entity299 on the spontaneous variability of @entity943 was investigated prospectively in 53 @entity1 (25 CHD, 28 IDC) with frequent and complex @entity943 . In each @entity1 , two consecutive ambulatory 24-h Holter ECGs were prepared and in each tape the mean hourly @entity943 count (AC) was determined separately for singular VPCs, couplets, and salvos. The spontaneous variability between the two long-term ECGs was defined as the logarithm of the ratio (ACday 2 + 0.01)/(ACday 1 + 0.01). The 95% confidence intervals of the stated types of @entity943 were calculated as +/- 2 SD. The results were analyzed as a function of the underlying etiology, NYHA class, and left ventricular ejection fraction. There were no differences between @entity1 with CHD and IDC. The extent of @entity1002 did not have any influence either. In @entity1 of NYHA class 3 there was a higher spontaneous variability of VPCs, couplets and salvos than in @entity1 of NYHA class 2, but the differences could not be ensured statistically. We conclude from the results that the validation of an antiarrhythmic treatment can be performed independently from the nature of the underlying @entity299 and the left ventricular ejection fraction. However, it remains unclear whether a greater variability must be expected in @entity1 of NYHA class 3 than in @entity1 of NYHA class 2.

title: [Spontaneous variability of XXXX in relation to the kind and extent of underlying @entity299 ].

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intraprocedural @entity1756 is a feared complication of coil embolization of @entity438 and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report the incidence, endovascular management, and clinical outcome of @entity1 with @entity37930 , with emphasis on the role of the balloon-assisted technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all @entity438 treated by coil embolization between September 2001 and June 2011. All @entity1 with @entity37930 were studied. Comparison of immediate clinical outcomes was performed by using univariate analysis (Fisher exact test). RESULTS: Of 652 @entity438 treated with coil embolization, an @entity37930 occurred in 22 (3.4%). @entity397 occurred during placement of coils in 18 cases, microcatheters in 2 cases, and a guidewire in 1 case, and during induction of anesthesia in 1 case. Before treatment, 15 of 22 (68%) @entity1 were in good clinical condition (WFNS grade I). There were fewer @entity1 with worsening of the WFNS grade following an @entity37930 when the balloon-assisted technique was used (7.7%) compared with when it was not (55.5%) (P = .023). @entity204 occurred in 2 (9.1%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity37930 is a potentially serious complication of coil embolization. If @entity37930 occurs, balloon-assistance is helpful in obtaining rapid hemostasis resulting in better short-term outcomes.

title: Intraprocedural @entity1756 during coil embolization of XXXX : role of balloon-assisted coiling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal rupture']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['brain aneurysms']