abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background and study aims: A histological diagnosis of "indefinite for @entity1141 " ( @entity1141 ) in @entity355 is used when a diagnosis of genuine @entity1141 is equivocal. The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of progression to @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) after a diagnosis of @entity1141 in a nationwide cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 . @entity1 and methods: @entity1 with a first diagnosis of @entity1141 in @entity355 between 2002 and 2011 were selected from a nationwide registry of histopathology diagnoses in The Netherlands. @entity1 were followed up until treatment for @entity1893 , detection of @entity420 , or date of last endoscopy contact with biopsy sampling. Results: In total, 1258 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria, of whom 842 (66.9%) underwent endoscopic follow-up. @entity1 were followed for a total of 2585 @entity1 -years (mean    SD 3.01  2.6). Median duration until first follow-up endoscopy was 1.2 years (interquartile range 0.3-1.8 years). The progression rate from @entity1141 to the combined end point of @entity1893 or @entity420 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-2.6) per 100 @entity1 -years and progression to @entity420 was 1.2 (95%CI 0.8-1.6). After excluding cases with @entity1893 or @entity420 within 1 year after @entity1141 diagnosis (n=16), the progression rates were 1.4 (95%CI 1.0-1.9) and 0.8 (95%CI 0.5-1.2) per 100 @entity1 -years for @entity1893 or @entity420 and @entity420 , respectively. Conclusion: In this large, population-based, cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 , the incidence rate of @entity1893 or @entity420 following a diagnosis of @entity1141 was 1.4 per 100 @entity1 -years. The results demonstrate the need for additional studies to select the subgroup of @entity1141 @entity1 with an increased risk of @entity5 progression.

title: Risk of XXXX progression in @entity355 diagnosed as indefinite for @entity1141 : a nationwide cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'IND']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic']


abstract: Background: Self-management (SM) reduces hospital admissions in @entity1 with stable @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). However, its role immediately post-acute exacerbation (AE) is unclear. The objectives of this review were to; describe SM interventions delivered immediately following an AECOPD and to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis of its impact on healthcare utilisation and health outcomes. Method: Randomised controlled trials reporting on SM interventions delivered during hospitalisation for an AECOPD or within one month of hospital discharge were included. Seven papers were identified. Data were extracted and assessed for quality by two researchers. Results: By definition all interventions included action plans, education and at least two SM skills. Nurses were responsible for providing all SM interventions. The delivery and follow up periods varied widely. At 12 months there were no significant differences between those who completed the SM intervention and control subjects in the number of @entity1 readmitted to hospital (p=0.38), or in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (p=0.27). No effects were found on; rate of mortality, @entity308 , primary care usage or exercise capacity. Minimal effects were found on; self-efficacy, @entity148 , and health promoting behavior. SM was associated with positive effects on knowledge and management of an AECOPD. Conclusions: SM interventions delivered immediately post-AE vary widely and outcome measures are inconsistent, making it difficult to draw strong recommendations regarding its effectiveness. The evaluation of SM interventions, delivered by trained health care professionals to selected @entity1 and which offer structured follow up, appears necessary.

title: SELF-MANAGEMENT FOLLOWING AN ACUTE EXACERBATION OF XXXX : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: In order to assess the @entity2 surgery in the elderly and determine optimal subjects and resection procedure, 75 @entity1 operated on in 1976-1996 at age > or =75 years (including 13 > or =80) were followed up. The operations included limited resection (8), lobectomy (47), bilobectomy (10) and pneumonectomy (10) and were judged to be radical in 59 cases (79%). Perioperative mortality was 9% and morbidity 29%, including 21% major complications. Cumulative 5-year survival was 32%, in stages IA-IIB 27-41%, and @entity5 -related survival 61-79%. Mortality did not differ significantly between resection types, but morbidity did. Nor did mortality, morbidity or survival differ between the age groups 75-79 and > or =80 years. In stage I @entity5 there was no significant difference in survival or @entity5 -related survival after lobectomy vs limited resection. We conclude that age, even >80 years, is not incompatible with curative resection. Lobectomy is the treatment of choice, but a less radical resection may be advisable if there is comorbidity. If more extensive resection is performed, the individual surgical risk must be weighed against the potential long-term benefit.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['appropriateness of lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Surgery for lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is well established that angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity1811 ) inhibitors (ACEI) reduce blood pressure (BP) and @entity1184 of the left ventricle and vessels. The aim of our study was to compare chemically different ACEIs regarding their ability to modulate left ventricular and media @entity1184 , @entity1811 activity and plasma @entity1827 concentrations in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs). DESIGN: After establishing equi-effective dose regimes, SHRs were treated (3 months) with @entity3371 , @entity4688 , @entity10959 or @entity3372 (2 x 25, 10, 20 or 1 mg/kg per day or corresponding 1% doses for studying blood pressure-independent effects). METHODS AND RESULTS: Systolic blood pressure was reduced in SHRs receiving high doses of @entity3371 , @entity4688 , @entity10959 or @entity3372 (-61, -54, -35 and -47 mmHg), whereas low doses were ineffective. Left ventricular weight was decreased in animals treated with high doses ( @entity3371 / @entity4688 / @entity10959 / @entity3372 : -17/-19/-17/-19%), but not low doses of agents. Media thickness of thoracal aorta was reduced by administering high doses ( @entity3371 / @entity4688 / @entity10959 / @entity3372 : -31/-32/-27/-26%) and low doses (-16/-22/-22/-19%) of agents. @entity1811 activity was reduced in heart, aorta and kidney of @entity35 treated with high and low doses of all @entity1811 inhibitors, whereby high doses showed more pronounced effects. Plasma @entity1827 concentrations were not altered. A blood-pressure-ineffective treatment with an AT -antagonist revealed similar effects on @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: ACEIs reduce @entity65 uniformly via an AT -receptor- mediated mechanism, reinforcing the opinion that ACEI effects are indeed class effects. The significance of local renin-angiotensin systems was confirmed by antihypertrophic effects in the aorta that were apparent in the absence of any blood pressure reduction.

title: Regression of ventricular and vascular XXXX : are there differences between structurally different angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors?

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity10959 :: ('MESH:D017328', 'Chemical') :: ['fosinopril']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the presence, location and pattern of cell proliferation in different histological grades of @entity2543 ( @entity2543 ), @entity957 ( @entity957 ) and normal oral epithelium (NOE) using an antibody directed against the Ki-67 antigen and its intensity of staining evaluated respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 archival paraffin embedded blocks obtained from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology were studied. The case details were retrieved which consisted of histopathologically diagnosed cases of @entity957 (n = 20), low risk @entity2543 (n = 30), high risk @entity2543 (n = 30) and normal appearing mucosa (n = 20) were taken as standard for comparison. Ki-67 immunostaining was detected. Ki-67 positive cells were counted in the five random high power fields in each case. RESULTS: Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) was restricted to the basal and parabasal layers of the normal oral epithelium irrespective of age, sex and site whereas it was seen in the basal, suprabasal and spinous layers in @entity2543 . Ki-67 @entity894 is increased in high risk cases than the low risk cases of @entity2543 . Ki-67 positive cells in @entity957 were located in the periphery of the @entity5 nests than the center, where frequent mitoses were observed. CONCLUSION: The architectural alteration evaluated by Ki-67 antibody in proliferating cell distribution in the layers of @entity5115 may provide useful information to evaluate the grading of @entity2543 . Ki-67 @entity894 increased in high risk cases than low risk cases of @entity2543 . This study showed that over expression of Ki-67 antigen between well-differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity957 was in accordance with histologic grade of @entity5 but not in accordance with moderately differentiated @entity957 .

title: Expression of Ki-67 in normal oral epithelium, leukoplakic oral epithelium and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasias']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labeling Index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['oral epithelial dysplasia', 'OED']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Massive haemoptysis is a life-threatening disorder that is associated with a high mortality rate. It is mostly caused by bleeding from bronchial circulation. Bronchial @entity432 is now considered to be the treatment of choice for acute massive haemoptysis. The safety and effectiveness of @entity2488 for massive haemoptysis has been proved since its first use in 1973. Currently, @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) particles are the most commonly used @entity887 for @entity2488 worldwide. @entity939 particles are biocompatible and nonbiodegradable and are considered to be a permanent @entity887 . Gelatin sponge is a temporary @entity887 and can be used as a supplementary agent after initial embolisation with @entity939 particles. Stainless steel coils are not recommended for embolisation of bronchial artery, although they may be used in the embolisation of internal mammary artery to preserve the normal vascular territory. Recently, the interest in the use of new embolic agents for @entity2488 is emerging because of inherent limitations of @entity939 particles as an intravascular @entity887 . Tris-acryl gelatin microspheres are a new @entity887 that is increasingly used for uterine @entity2909 . Tris-acryl gelatin microspheres have characteristics that make it an attractive alternative to @entity939 particles for @entity2488 . Clinical trials and experimental studies should be performed to explore the safety and efficacy of microspheres for @entity2488 .

title: Embolic agents used for XXXX in massive haemoptysis.

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic agent']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['fibroid embolisation']

answer: @entity2488 :: (MESH:D001982,Disease) :: ['bronchial artery embolisation']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the social adjustment in childhood of @entity1 who as adults have @entity146 . DESIGN: Subjects in a prospectively followed up cohort (the national @entity1 development study) who had been admitted as adults to @entity146 hospitals were compared with the rest of the cohort on ratings of social behaviour made by teachers at the ages of 7 and 11 years. SUBJECTS: 40 adult @entity1 with @entity161 illnesses, 35 with affective psychoses, and 79 with @entity6004 who had been admitted for @entity146 reasons by the age of 28. 1914 randomly selected members of the cohort who had never been admitted for @entity146 treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall scores and scores for overreaction (externalising behaviour) and underreaction (internalising behaviour) with the Bristol social adjustment guide at ages 7 and 11. RESULTS: At the age of 7 @entity1 who developed @entity161 were rated by their teachers as manifesting more social maladjustment than controls (overall score 4.3 (SD 2.4) v 3.1 (2.0); P < 0.01). This was more apparent in the @entity1 (5 (2.6)) than the @entity1 (3.4 (1.8)) and related to overreactive rather than underreactive behaviour. At both ages prepsychotic (affective) @entity1 differed little from normal controls. By the age of 11 preneurotic @entity1 , particularly the @entity1 , had an increased rating of maladjustment (including overreactions and underreactions). CONCLUSION: Abnormalities of social adjustment are detectable in childhood in some @entity1 who develop @entity716 . Sex and the rate of development of different components of the capacity for social interaction are important determinants of the risk of @entity716 and other @entity146 in adulthood.

title: Childhood antecedents of XXXX and affective illness: social adjustment at ages 7 and 11.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'people', 'boys', 'girls', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity6004 :: ('MESH:D009497', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic', 'schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic illness', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the general population, a mildly elevated plasma total @entity1255 (tHcy) level is an independent and graded risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ). In @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ), @entity65 is highly prevalent and a major cause of premature mortality, and plasma tHcy levels are as much as three to four times greater than in the general population. Several other risk factors, such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity32 , and @entity3147 , also are prevalent and contribute to @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity454 , and there are strong associations between @entity32 , @entity3147 , and @entity4988 in these @entity1 . Several investigations in @entity1 with @entity454 have shown the important role of vitamin status for plasma tHcy, but little attention has been given to the influence of nutritional status. However, it is obvious that @entity4988 is of interest because a substantial fraction of tHcy (>70%) is protein bound, mainly to @entity2313 . RESULTS: In studies of @entity1 with @entity454 in whom the prevalence of @entity3562 was very high (>90%), tHcy level was strongly related to serum @entity2313 level, and @entity1 with @entity3147 had lower levels of both tHcy and serum @entity2313 than those with normal nutritional status. Furthermore, @entity32 , @entity6 , and @entity65 are associated with @entity4988 and therefore a lower degree of @entity3562 . In our studies, in different groups of @entity1 with @entity454 , we showed that greater tHcy levels were associated with lower @entity65 mortality. However, this apparently paradoxical association between lower @entity65 mortality and lower plasma tHcy levels (although still abnormally high) does not refute the concept that @entity3562 is a risk factor for @entity65 because almost all @entity1 may have had long-standing elevated plasma tHcy levels within a range that makes them prone to develop @entity731 . Instead, a potentially detrimental effect of @entity3562 on @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity454 may be obscured by the influence of @entity4988 , whatever the cause, because @entity4988 and its causes are strong predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that nutritional status and serum @entity2313 level, as well as the presence of @entity32 and @entity6 , should be taken into consideration when evaluating tHcy as a risk factor for @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: @entity3562 and its relationship to @entity65 in @entity454 : influence of @entity4988 , @entity3147 , @entity32 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3562 :: ('MESH:D020138', 'Disease') :: ['hyperhomocysteinemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity296 ( @entity296 ) reserve is impaired in @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 . Whether this is already present in asymptomatic @entity1002 , and whether it is affected by @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibition, is unknown. We examined @entity296 in 20 @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity1002 and compared them to healthy volunteers. @entity296 (reserve) was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) and N-13 @entity3265 at rest, during @entity4341 stress test (DST) and during cold pressor test ( @entity1191 ). Further, in the @entity1002 group, we studied the effects of 3 months treatment with @entity1289 inhibition with a second PET study. @entity1 were randomized double-blind to @entity4687 4 mg daily or placebo. @entity296 at rest was similar in controls and @entity1 . DST-induced @entity296 reserve, however, was decreased in @entity1 vs. controls (1.71+/-0.2 vs. 2.62+/-0.5, respectively p < 0.05). Also @entity1191 -induced @entity296 was lower in @entity1 (1.14+/-0.06 vs. 1.23+/-0.03, p < 0.05). After 3 months double-blind treatment, @entity1191 -induced @entity296 decreased in the placebo group (from 1.12+/-0.02 to 0.93+/-0.06), but was preserved in the @entity4687 group (from 1.16+/-0.08 to 1.14+/-0.08 shifts from baseline: -0.19+/-0.05 vs. -0.02+/-0.07 respectively p = 0.07). This was compatible with a trend to a smaller increase in coronary vascular resistance during @entity1191 (1.23+/-0.08 vs. 1.03+/-0.06, placebo vs. @entity4687 , p = 0.06). In @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity1002 , @entity296 , both after vasodilation and after @entity1191 , is already impaired. @entity1289 inhibition with @entity4687 during this short-term treatment had no significant effects.

title: Impairment of myocardial blood flow reserve in XXXX with asymptomatic @entity1002 : effects of @entity1289 -inhibition with @entity4687 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'Myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin converting enzyme', 'ACE']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction', 'LV-dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Evidence-based guidance is likely to significantly improve @entity1 care. We aimed to characterize the adequacy of standard diagnostic methods and treatment in @entity1 with acute @entity4008 (ABM) in @entity233 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study among @entity1 1 month to 5 years old hospitalized with ABM in   stanbul. The World Health Organization case definition and laboratory criteria were used for diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 283 cases, 250 were probable and 33 (11.2%) were confirmed as @entity4008 . The majority of @entity1 (92%) were treated at 9 governmental hospitals and the remaining 21 at 2 university hospitals. Blood culture, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture, and CSF Gram smear examinations were performed in 68%, 87%, and 13% of the cases, respectively. A third-generation @entity5898 , alone or in combination with other antibiotics, was the drug of choice in 90% of cases. @entity619 was given as adjunctive therapy in 43%. Initial antibiotics were modified during the course of treatment for 43 @entity1 , with culture-confirmed indications for only 5 of them. CONCLUSION: Recommended laboratory tests including blood culture and CSF Gram smears were insufficiently performed. Appropriate antibiotics were used in the majority of cases. Better identification of the causative pathogens will improve stewardship of antimicrobial therapy.

title: Is the diagnosis and treatment of childhood acute @entity4008 in XXXX evidence-based?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity328 and @entity3631 group B are among the main causes of invasive @entity4008 in @entity1 . Worldwide, these diseases lead to significant mortality, morbidity and costs. The societal impact is especially severe since the majority of cases occur in very young @entity1 . A combination vaccine consisting of 9-valent conjugated pneumococcal and meningococcal B components is currently being developed. The aim of this study was to estimate the potential impact and cost effectiveness from the societal perspective of vaccinating @entity1 in The Netherlands with this combination pneumococcal and meningococcal B vaccine versus no vaccination. METHODS: A Markov cycle model was developed using epidemiological and healthcare resource use data from 1996 to 2001. This model was used to project the annual costs, benefits and health gains associated with vaccinating all newborns. The base year for the costing was 2003 and all costs and health effects were discounted at 4%. The results of the analysis are expressed in costs per QALY and both probabilistic and univariate sensitivity analyses were used to identify the robustness of the results. RESULTS: Annually, an average of 755 cases of invasive @entity7135 occurred in @entity1 aged 0-10 years in The Netherlands. Introduction of the combination vaccine would prevent 201 cases of @entity10217 and 165 cases of @entity3 per year. Additionally, 3410 cases of @entity2258 and 46,350 cases of @entity2346 media would be prevented. Vaccination would save 35 lives per year and prevent 71 cases of severe sequelae. This translates into 860 life-years gained, or 1128 QALYs gained. Alongside these health gains, vaccination would prevent @entity7634 17,681,370 of direct medical and indirect costs attributable to meningococcal and @entity7706 in The Netherlands. Depending on vaccine price, cost effectiveness varied from @entity7634 3160 (vaccine price per dose @entity7634 20) to @entity7634 32,170 (vaccine price @entity7634 60 per dose) per QALY. Base-case cost effectiveness (vaccine price @entity7634 40) was @entity7634 17,700 per QALY. The model was most sensitive to changes in incidence, vaccine price and duration of protective efficacy. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the introduction of a combination meningococcal B and pneumococcal vaccine into the Dutch @entity1 vaccination programme is potentially cost effective compared with no vaccination.

title: Combination vaccine against invasive meningococcal B and XXXX : potential epidemiological and economic impact in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7706 :: ('MESH:D011008', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal infections']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis infections']

entities_list: @entity10217 :: ('MESH:D008585', 'Disease') :: ['meningococcal B meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive pneumococcal disease']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal and meningococcal B infection']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3631 :: ('487', 'Species') :: ['Neisseria meningitidis']

answer: @entity7706 :: (MESH:D011008,Disease) :: ['pneumococcal infections']


abstract: Objective. To describe the design and determine the clinical effects of supportive follow-up interventions delivered after or alongside non-surgical treatment or rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity627 . Methods. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials searching the Ovid Medline, Embase, Cinahl, AMED, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library databases. Trials evaluating the effects of interventions designed to enhance and/or prolong the effects of rheumatic treatment or rehabilitation were included. Data on @entity158 , @entity308 and physical function were pooled in separate meta-analyses, including analyses made to calculate short-term (0-2 months) and long-term (5-6 months after follow-up intervention) effects. Risk of bias was assessed by two independent reviewers. Results. The searches generated 3231 citations, of which 11 original trials were included. The results demonstrated a great variety in the design of follow-up interventions. We found moderate quality evidence for small effects on self-reported physical function, with standardized mean differences of -0.15 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.30, 0.00, p=0.07) at short-term, and -0.18 (95% CI) -0.37, 0.00, p=0.05) at long-term follow-up. Moderate quality evidence showed no effect of supportive follow-up interventions on short-term @entity308 . Low quality evidence showed no significant effects on short-term @entity158 , and very low quality evidence showed no significant effects on long-term @entity158 and @entity308 . Conclusion. Currently, there is no clear evidence concerning what constitutes an optimal design of supportive follow-up interventions. There is evidence that supportive follow-up can improve physical function in @entity1 with @entity627 , whereas no significant effects were found for @entity158 and @entity308 .    2014 American College of Rheumatology.

title: Design and effects of supportive follow-up interventions in clinical care of @entity1 with XXXX : A systematic review with meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Use of @entity9213 as a selective @entity2247 inhibitor for treatment of adult @entity627 decreases the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) side effects in comparison with nonselective COX inhibitors. Up to 50% of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) also develop GI side effects through nonselective COX inhibitors. In this 12 week Phase I/II study, with an additional open extension lasting up to 52 weeks, the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of @entity9213 in @entity309 were investigated. METHODS: @entity9213 suspension 0.25 mg/kg once daily was given to 36 @entity1 with @entity309 who required a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. Safety evaluation and periodic measurement of efficacy were carried out using the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) criteria. Eighteen @entity1 underwent pharmacokinetic (PK) evaluation. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 completed the study. Four were dropped due to administrative reasons. One @entity1 , who found the drug ineffective, discontinued participation. A response was seen according to PRINTO outcome criteria in 44% of the @entity1 at Week 4, 62% at Week 12, and 74% at Week 52. Drug related adverse events were observed in 5 @entity1 . PK evaluation showed that the maximum plasma concentration Cmax of -34% and AUC(0-infinity) of -28% tended to be lower in younger @entity1 (2-6 years) versus older @entity1 . Plasma elimination half-life (13 h) was similar in all @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity9213 suspension 0.25 mg/kg once daily seems to be effective and safe for treating active @entity309 over a period of 52 weeks.

title: High response rate in the phase I/II study of XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity9213 :: ('MESH:C065757', 'Chemical') :: ['meloxicam', 'Meloxicam']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile rheumatoid arthritis', 'JRA']

answer: @entity9213 :: (MESH:C065757,Chemical) :: ['meloxicam']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To detect the changes of gene expression profiles of retina by way of gene chip technology, and to investigate possible molecular pathogenesis of RGCs apoptosis caused by transient high IOP. METHODS: Twenty-two new Zealand white @entity95 were randomized to experimental control and negative pressure suction 3 min groups. The @entity95 were executed at different time points of post-LASIK, such as postoperative instant, 7 d, 10 d, then the total RNA of retinal tissue was extracted to detect gene expression profiles by the way of Agilent @entity95 one-way gene chip. RESULTS: Instant after negative pressure suction, the genes differential expressed had 704 genes. Of these, the expression of 485 genes were unregulated and 219 genes down regulated. The higher expression of apoptosis genes were @entity36809 , @entity36810 , @entity36811 and @entity36812 . 7 d after negative pressure suction, the genes differential expressed had 482 genes. Of these, the expression of 178 genes were unregulated and 304 genes down regulated. The higher expression of apoptosis genes were @entity36810 , IL1-BETA and @entity36813 . 10 d after negative pressure suction, the genes differential expressed had 402 genes. Of these, the expression of 213 genes were unregulated and 189 genes down regulated. The higher expression of apoptosis genes were @entity36810 , CRYBA3, @entity36814 , IL1-BETA and @entity36813 . CONCLUSION: The gene expression had changed after negative pressure suction. The genes with higher fold change protected RGCs from apoptosis.

title: [Study on gene expression profiles of XXXX retina transient IOP during LASIK].

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The present study proposed to evaluate whether analysis of cardiac mechanics through speckle-tracking imaging is useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic @entity1 with chronic primary @entity339 ( @entity339 ). We prospectively enrolled 67 @entity1 (mean age 57    18  years) and followed them over time. @entity339 was mild in 20 @entity1 (30%), moderate in 24 (36%), and severe in 23 (34%). After a mean time of 24.8    17  months, 34 @entity1 (51%) remained asymptomatic, whereas 33 (49%) developed events (19 underwent mitral valve surgery, 9 required hospitalization for @entity712 , and 5 @entity1 died). Compared to asymptomatic @entity1 , those with events at baseline showed more severe @entity339 , larger and spherical ventricles, @entity67 , and greater systolic pulmonary arterial pressure. Moreover, @entity1 with events had decreased left atrial (LA) reservoir (p  <0.001) and left ventricular (LV) untwisting rate (p <0.001). On univariate Cox regression analysis, effective regurgitant orifice area (p <0.001), vena contracta (p <0.001), systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (p  = 0.003), LV end-systolic diameter (p <0.001), E/E' ratio (p  = 0.004), LA volume (p  = 0.001), LA reservoir (p <0.001), and LV untwisting rate (p <0.001) were associated with an increased risk of events. On multivariate analysis, only LA reservoir (p  = 0.013) and LV untwisting rate were independent predictors (p  = 0.017) of outcome. Moreover, LA reservoir evaluation significantly improved (p  = 0.013) risk stratification compared to recommended parameters. In conclusion, impaired cardiac mechanics is more closely associated than severity of @entity339 with the occurrence of events in asymptomatic chronic primary @entity339 .

title: Usefulness of Left Atrial Reservoir Size and Left Ventricular Untwisting Rate for Predicting Outcome in Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Mitral Regurgitation']


abstract: RATIONALE: Although lipids, apolipoproteins, and lipoprotein particles are important modulators of @entity32 , varying relationships exist between these parameters and @entity565 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serum lipids and apolipoproteins correlate with the severity of @entity1030 in subjects with atopy and @entity565 . METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 154 atopic and nonatopic subjects without @entity565 , and 159 subjects with atopy and @entity565 . Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were quantified using standard diagnostic assays and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Airflow obstruction was assessed by FEV1% predicted. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serum lipid levels correlated with FEV1 only in the subjects with atopy and @entity565 . Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 and @entity1675 ( @entity1675 ) were positively correlated with FEV1 in subjects with atopy and @entity565 , whereas a negative correlation existed between FEV1 and serum levels of @entity1674 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity755 ( @entity755 ), and the @entity755 / @entity1675 ratio. NMR spectroscopy identified a positive correlation between FEV1 and HDLNMR particle size, as well as the concentrations of large HDLNMR particles and total IDLNMR (intermediate-density lipoprotein) particles in subjects with atopy and @entity565 . In contrast, LDLNMR particle size and concentrations of LDLNMR and VLDLNMR (very-low-density lipoprotein) particles were negatively correlated with FEV1 in subjects with atopy and @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with atopy and @entity565 , serum levels of @entity1675 and large HDLNMR particles are positively correlated with FEV1, whereas serum @entity1674 , LDL @entity165 , and @entity755 are associated with more severe @entity1030 . These results may facilitate future studies to assess whether @entity1675 and large HDLNMR particles can reduce @entity1030 and disease severity in @entity565 .

title: Serum XXXX and large high-density lipoprotein particles are positively correlated with FEV1 in atopic asthma.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apoB', 'apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-I', 'apolipoprotein A-I']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airflow obstruction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: Over 70 @entity20117 ( @entity20117 ) mutations facilitate @entity2783 in tissues other than the central nervous system (CNS). In contrast, the @entity55743 @entity20117 mutation in individuals of Hungarian descent leads to CNS @entity2783 . @entity55743 forms inclusion bodies in @entity526 , unlike the other disease-associated @entity20117 variants overexpressed to date. Denaturation and reconstitution of @entity55743 from inclusion bodies afford a folded monomer that is destabilized by 3.1 kcal/mol relative to an engineered monomeric version of WT @entity20117 . Since @entity20117 tetramer dissociation is typically rate limiting for amyloid formation, the monomeric nature of @entity55743 renders its amyloid formation rate 1000-fold faster than WT. It is perplexing that @entity55743 does not lead to severe early onset @entity1582 , given that it is the most destabilized @entity20117 variant characterized to date, more so than variants exhibiting onset in the second decade. Instead, CNS impairment is observed in the fifth decade as the sole pathological manifestation; however, benign systemic deposition is also observed. Analysis of heterozygote @entity55743 patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) detects only WT @entity20117 , indicating that @entity55743 is either rapidly degraded postsecretion or degraded within the cell prior to secretion, consistent with its inability to form hybrid tetramers with WT @entity20117 . The nondetectable levels of @entity55743 @entity20117 in @entity1 plasma explain the absence of an early onset @entity262 . @entity6220 may result owing to the sensitivity of the CNS to lower levels of @entity55743 aggregate. Alternatively, or in addition, we speculate that a fraction of @entity55743 made by the choroid plexus can be transiently tetramerized by the locally high @entity1955 (T(4)) concentration, chaperoning it out into the CSF where it undergoes dissociation and amyloidogenesis due to the low T(4) CSF concentration. Selected small molecule tetramer stabilizers can transform @entity55743 from a monomeric aggregation-prone state to a nonamyloidogenic tetramer, which may prove to be a useful therapeutic strategy against @entity20117 -associated CNS @entity2783 .

title: D18G XXXX is monomeric, aggregation prone, and not detectable in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid: a prescription for central nervous system @entity2783 ?

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity55743 :: ('p|SUB|D|18|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D18G']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity20117 :: (7276,Gene) :: ['transthyretin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were (1) to assess functional and @entity158 outcomes after arthroscopic surgery on @entity1 with @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ); (2) to evaluate postsurgical changes in disk position, mobility, and morphology on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); and (3) to measure the association between changes in disk position, mobility, and morphology on MRI and clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective analysis was conducted of temporomandibular joints with internal derangement and @entity571 that were refractory to nonsurgical treatments and underwent arthroscopic surgery and on which MRI was performed within 1 month after the initial visit and 1 year after arthroscopic surgery. Clinical findings were assessed on the basis of mandibular range of motion and joint @entity158 level on a visual analog scale at the initial visit and 1 year after arthroscopic surgery. The disk position, mobility, and morphology on MRI were compared with clinical findings and were statistically analyzed before and after arthroscopic surgery. The treatment outcome was judged according to our success criteria. The associations between changes in disk position, mobility, and morphology and clinical outcomes after arthroscopic surgery were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Forty-three joints of 43 @entity1 who underwent arthroscopic surgery were assessed in this study. After arthroscopic surgery, mandibular range of motion and visual analog scale results improved statistically. According to the criteria for clinical resolution, 32 surgeries were successful and 11 were unsuccessful. Preoperative and postoperative MRI showed that most joints had @entity890 ( @entity890 ) without reduction. Postoperative MRI revealed that, statistically, the number of mobile disks had @entity85 had progressed. In the successful group, postoperative MRI revealed that all joints had mobile disks. In both groups, most joints had @entity890 without reduction before and after arthroscopic surgery, and, statistically, @entity85 progressed after arthroscopic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic surgery was an effective treatment for @entity2956 refractory to nonsurgical treatments. This study provides important information of clinical significance. Disk position remained @entity890 without reduction, disk mobility increased, and @entity85 progressed after arthroscopic surgery.

title: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the disk before and after arthroscopic surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders', 'TMD']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity of the disks', 'increased and deformity of the disks']

entities_list: @entity890 :: ('MESH:D007405', 'Disease') :: ['ADD', 'anterior disk displacement']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular joint disorders']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate a possible lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of brain cells that is mediated by the pleiotropic cytokine @entity24908 ( @entity24908 ) and its transcription factor @entity34665 during systemic or localized @entity32 . In @entity840 , intra-arterial (i.a., 10 microg x kg(-1)) or intraperitoneal (i.p., 30 microg x kg(-1)) injections of bacterial LPS cause a systemic inflammatory response which is accompanied by a robust fever. A febrile response can also be induced by administration of LPS into artificial subcutaneously implanted Teflon chambers (s.c. 100 or 10 microg x kg(-1)), which reflects an experimental model that mimics local tissue @entity32 . Baseline plasma levels of bioactive @entity24908 determined 60 min prior to injections of LPS or vehicle amounted to 35-80 international units (i.u.) ml(-1). Within 90 min of LPS injection, plasma @entity24908 rose about 1000-fold in the groups injected i.a. or i.p., about 50-fold in the group injected s.c. with 100 microg x kg(-1) LPS, and only 5-fold in @entity840 injected with the lower dose of LPS (10 microg x kg(-1)). At this time point, a distinct nuclear translocation pattern of the transcription factor @entity34665 became evident in several brain structures. Amongst those, the sensory circumventricular organs known to lack a tight blood-brain barrier such as the area postrema, the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis and the subfornical organ, as well as the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus showed intense nuclear @entity34665 signals in the i.a. or i.p. injected groups. In contrast a moderate (s.c. group, 100 microg x kg(-1)), or even no (s.c. group, 10 microg x kg(-1)), nuclear @entity34665 translocation occurred in response to s.c. injections of LPS. These results suggest that @entity34665 -mediated genomic activation of target gene transcription in brain cells occurred only in those cases in which sufficiently high concentrations of circulating @entity24908 were formed during systemic (i.a. and i.p. groups) or localized (s.c. group, 100 microg x kg(-1)) @entity32 .

title: Nuclear translocation of the transcription factor @entity34665 in the XXXX brain during systemic or localized @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: This study investigates the impact of dose escalation and of @entity632 and @entity786 coadministration on the pharmacokinetics of @entity2879 ( @entity6157 ). Pharmacokinetics of @entity6157 were analyzed in seven @entity1 with @entity0 receiving 3-4 cycles of conventional-dose (CD) and one final course of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) chemotherapy including @entity6157 (450 mg/m(2) and 2100 mg/m(2), respectively, fractionated over 3 consecutive days). @entity6157 was given as monoinfusion apart from day 1 of CD, where @entity786 and @entity632 were coadministered. Plasma samples obtained on day 1 and day 2 of CD- and @entity2101 -therapy, respectively, were analyzed for @entity6157 by HPLC. Data from a total of 25 cycles of CD- and 7 cycles of @entity2101 -therapy are given as means +/- SD for CD-day 1, CD-day 2, @entity2101 -day 1 and @entity2101 -day 2, respectively. Following administration of 210+/-29, 278+/-41, 1143+/-79 and 1143+/-79 mg @entity6157 , the AUC (0-24 h, normalized to 150 mg/m(2)) was 123+/-23, 113+/-22, 92+/-11 and 100+/-22 microgxh/ml. The AUC and CL of single-agent @entity6157 were not significantly different between CD (day 2) and both days of @entity2101 @entity6157 . However, we observed a modest but significant difference for AUC and CL between day 1 of CD (coadministration of @entity632 and @entity786 ) and day 2 of CD ( @entity6157 monoinfusion), the AUC and CL being 9% higher (see above) and 10% lower (21.1 vs. 23.3 ml/minxm(2)) ( P<0.05), respectively, on day 1. The fraction of unbound @entity6157 was similar on all occasions (range: 5.5%-6.6%). Interpatient variability for AUC and CL during CD-therapy was moderate with coefficients of variation (CV) of 17%-20%, while intraindividual variability was comparatively high and almost in the same range (CV of 13%-16%). Pharmacokinetics of @entity2879 were not significantly altered following fivefold dose escalation in the same @entity1 . A 10% decrease in systemic clearance of @entity2879 was observed during @entity632 and @entity786 coadministration, which could result from drug interactions affecting renal and/or metabolic elimination of @entity2879 . The magnitude of the decrease, however, is unlikely to be of clinical significance.

title: Pharmacokinetics of intravenous @entity2879 in @entity1 with @entity0 : influence of dose escalation and XXXX and @entity632 coadministration.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: A 53-year old @entity1 with tic doloureaux, affecting her right maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2), could elicit shooting @entity158 by slightly tapping her teeth when off medication. The @entity158 , which she normally rated as > 6/10 on a visual analog scale (VAS), were electric shock-like in nature. She had no other spontaneous or ongoing background @entity158 affecting the region. Based on her ability to elicit these tics, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed while she produced brief shocks every 2 minutes on cue (evoked @entity158 ) over a 20 min period. In addition, she had 1-2 spontaneous shocks manifested between these evoked @entity158 over the course of functional image acquisition. Increased fMRI activation for both evoked and spontaneous tics was observed throughout cortical and subcortical structures commonly observed in experimental @entity158 studies with healthy subjects; including the primary somatosensory cortex, insula, anterior cingulate, and thalamus. Spontaneous tics produced more decrease in signals in a number of regions including the posterior cingulate cortex and amygdala, suggesting that regions known to be involved in expectation/anticipation may have been activated for the evoked, but not spontaneous, tics. In this @entity1 there were large increases in activation observed in the frontal regions, including the anterior cingulate cortex and the basal ganglia. Spontaneous tics showed increased activation in classic aversion circuitry that may contribute to increased levels of @entity148 . We believe that this is the first report of functional imaging of brain changes in tic-doloureaux.

title: Comparison of evoked vs. spontaneous tics in a XXXX with trigeminal neuralgia (tic doloureux).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Right-sided @entity12127 is an uncommon disorder that most frequently mimics @entity698 . During pregnancy, displacement of the diseased cecum and ascending colon into the right upper quadrant may result in symptomatology that mimics @entity2679 . A 37-year-old white @entity1 with a history of previous benign incidental appendectomy presented at 20 weeks' gestation with right upper @entity490 and @entity390 for 2 days. Significant findings included local rebound tenderness and palpable @entity27915 over the gallbladder, leukocytosis, and low-grade fever, but otherwise unremarkable routine serum laboratory test results and sonographic evidence of @entity253 . Cholescintigraphy was rejected by the @entity1 . Persistence of symptoms for 3 hospital days despite administration of broad-spectrum parenteral antibiotics prompted surgical intervention. Laparoscopy demonstrated a normal-appearing gall-bladder and an acutely infected, solitary diverticulum of the midascending colon with adhesions to the omentum and to the parietal peritoneum near the gallbladder. Adhesiolysis, omental biopsy, and peritoneal drainage were performed endoscopically. The @entity1 recovered uneventfully and delivered vaginally at term without fetal or maternal complications. Right-sided @entity12127 may present during pregnancy and may mimic symptoms of @entity14784 . Laparoscopic treatment of a solitary, acutely infected @entity17825 is feasible in this setting.

title: Right-sided XXXX mimicking @entity14784 in pregnancy: case report and laparoscopic treatment.

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity17825 :: ('MESH:D004241', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulum']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity12127 :: ('MESH:D004239', 'Disease') :: ['colonic diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract disease']

answer: @entity12127 :: (MESH:D004239,Disease) :: ['colonic diverticulitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) of the hip among elderly @entity1 in China and the US. METHODS: We recruited a population-based sample of 1,506 @entity1 (82% of those enumerated) ages > or = 60 years living in Beijing, China. Subjects answered questions about joint symptoms and underwent radiography of the pelvis. Radiographs of the Beijing subjects were intermingled with hip radiographs of white @entity1 ages > or = 65 years from the @entity3604 ( @entity3604 ) and white @entity1 and @entity1 ages 60-74 years from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES-I) and were then interpreted. Radiographic @entity570 was defined as the presence of 1 of the following 3 findings in either hip: minimum joint space of < or = 1.5 mm, definite @entity5040 and joint space narrowing, or > or = 3 radiographic features of @entity571 . Symptomatic @entity570 was defined as both radiographic @entity571 and @entity158 . RESULTS: The crude prevalence of radiographic @entity570 in Chinese ages 60-89 years was 0.9% in @entity1 and 1.1% in @entity1 ; it did not increase with age. Chinese @entity1 had a lower age-standardized prevalence of radiographic @entity570 compared with white @entity1 in the @entity3604 (age-standardized prevalence ratio 0.07) and the NHANES-I (prevalence ratio 0.22). Chinese @entity1 had a lower prevalence of radiographic @entity570 compared with white @entity1 of the same age in the NHANES-I (prevalence ratio 0.19). There were no cases of symptomatic @entity570 in the Chinese @entity1 and only 1 case in the Chinese @entity1 ; 35 cases were expected in both sexes. CONCLUSION: This is the first population-based study of @entity570 in China to use standardized radiographic methods and definitions. We found that @entity570 was 80-90% less frequent than in white @entity1 in the US. Identification of the genetic and environmental factors that underlie these differences may help elucidate the etiology and prevention of @entity570 .

title: Very low prevalence of @entity570 among Chinese elderly in Beijing, China, compared with whites in the United States: the Beijing XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['SOF', 'Study of Osteoporotic Fractures']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Reconstructing @entity154 with proper flaps can expand the indications of surgery, improve quality of life and prolong survival. This study was to investigate the indications for such application, the selection of different kinds of flaps and the skills of the reconstructive operation. METHODS: From September 2005 to August 2007, 26 @entity1 underwent reconstructive operation after @entity189 : eight had simple buccal mucosa resection, 11 had resection of the bucca cavioris and facial skin, seven had resection of the bucca cavioris, facial skin and angulus oris; besides, seven @entity1 underwent parotid duct resection. As for the reconstructive operation, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap was used in five @entity1 , free radial forearm flap in 11 @entity1 , free anterolateral thigh flap in six @entity1 , and sternodeiceomastoid myocutaneous flap in four @entity1 . Eight @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy at 66-70 Gy. RESULTS: No perioperative @entity204 occurred. @entity39 happened in one @entity1 who used free radial forearm flap; partial @entity39 in one @entity1 who used pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. The survival rate of the flaps was 96.2%. @entity4 of the operative wound happened in one @entity1 with salivary fistula. During the follow-up of 1-3 years, seven @entity1 had recurrence (four had recurrence in @entity75 and three in cervical lymph nodes), two died of recurrence in @entity75 . CONCLUSION: The free anterolateral thigh flap and free radial forearm flap are suitable for reconstruction of large @entity154 , and are first-choices for defects larger than 4 cm; the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap can be applied as the second-choice flap; the sternodeiceomastoid myocutaneous flap can be used for defects smaller than 4 cm.

title: [Application of various flaps to intraoral reconstruction of @entity154 after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['buccal defects']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'Necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Hydrops']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['resection of buccal mucosa carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['resection of buccal mucosa carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of amniotic membrane on filtering @entity4530 after trabeculectomy. METHODS: Twelve @entity95 underwent bilateral trabeculectomies. One eye was randomly sutured preserved @entity1 amniotic membrane between the sclera and the scleral flap and the other eye served as the control. The filtering @entity4530 and filtering function were observed at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after the operation. The scar development situation between @entity4530 was observed under the light microscope. RESULTS: The @entity4530 in amniotic membrane group were eminence, effuse and had a good filtering function at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after the operation. The @entity4530 in control group were cicatrized and had a bad filtering function. Histological observation showed no scar development, less fibroblast cell and more inflammatory cells infiltration at the site of trabeculectomy in amniotic membrane group. On the contrary, the control group showed more @entity3385 and fibroblast @entity1373 . CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane can reduce the scar, improve filtering function.

title: [Effect of amniotic membrane on filtering bleb after trabeculectomy in XXXX eyes].

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['bleb and episclera', 'blebs']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Conflicts between @entity1 and crocodilians are a widespread conservation challenge and the number of crocodile attacks is increasing worldwide. We identified the factors that most effectively decide whether a victim is injured or killed in a crocodile attack by fitting generalized linear models to a 42-year dataset of 87 attacks (27 fatal and 60 non-fatal) by saltwater crocodiles ( @entity15236 ) in Australia. The models showed that the most influential factors were the difference in body mass between crocodile and victim, and the position of victim in relation to the water at the time of an attack. In-water position (for diving, swimming, and wading) had a higher risk than on-water (boating) or on-land (fishing, and hunting near the water's edge) positions. In the in-water position a 75 kg @entity1 would have a relatively high probability of survival (0.81) if attacked by a 300 cm crocodile, but the probability becomes much lower (0.17) with a 400 cm crocodile. If attacked by a crocodile larger than 450 cm, the survival probability would be extremely low (<0.05) regardless of the victim's size. These results indicate that the main cause of @entity204 during a crocodile attack is drowning and larger crocodiles can drag a victim more easily into deeper water. A higher risk associated with a larger crocodile in relation to victim's size is highlighted by @entity1 's vulnerability to fatal attacks. Since the first recently recorded fatal attack involving a @entity1 in 2006, six out of nine fatal attacks (66.7%) involved @entity1 , and the average body size of crocodiles responsible for these fatal attacks was considerably smaller (384 cm, 223 kg) than that of crocodiles that killed adults (450 cm, 324 kg) during the same period (2006-2014). These results suggest that culling programs targeting larger crocodiles may not be an effective management option to improve safety for @entity1 .

title: Dead or Alive? Factors Affecting the Survival of Victims during Attacks by Saltwater Crocodiles ( XXXX ) in Australia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'person', 'child']

entities_list: @entity15236 :: ('8502', 'Species') :: ['Crocodylus porosus']

answer: @entity15236 :: (8502,Species) :: ['Crocodylus porosus']


abstract: Mucocele of the appendix is a relatively rare disease characterized by a @entity384 of the appendiceal lumen with stasis of mucus inside. Appendiceal mucocele with a @entity11941 is an extremely rare clinical entity, only four such cases being described in the medical literature. We report an additional case of @entity7157 with spontaneous @entity11941 . The @entity1 is an 80-year old @entity1 , who originally presented with a skin ulcer in the right lower abdominal quadrant with mucus discharge during the last month. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated @entity3928 with mixed echogenity and density originating from the appendix, involving the abdominal wall, without signs of @entity843 or @entity3 . A right hemi-colectomy, lymphadenectomy and resection of the skin @entity292 was performed. The histological findings revealed moderately differentiated @entity4347 . The postoperative period was uneventful and the @entity1 discharged on the 11th POD. During 12 month follow-up period the @entity1 is free of disease recurrence. The authors present the literature review, diagnostic features and the treatment policy of this extremely rare condition.

title: [Mucinous XXXX complicated with spontaneous @entity11941 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass']

entities_list: @entity4347 :: ('MESH:D018282', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity11941 :: ('MESH:D017577', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous fistula']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix']

answer: @entity7157 :: (MESH:D003536,Disease) :: ['cystadenocarcinoma of the appendix']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract This review is intended to summarize the current knowledge from basic science and clinical medical literature cited within PubMed that pertain to gender-related factors and affect those individuals with @entity2788 . We consider gender-related biological factors that (a) affect disease onset and progression, (b) gender differences for major @entity1112 , (c) gender-specific conditions, (d) medications that may influence @entity74 , and finally, (e) gender-related issues that influence the management and quality of life of these @entity1 . Several studies have demonstrated the manner in which sex-related hormones in animal models are capable of influencing cell pathway and survival that are likely to affect @entity2788 . There are very few clinical studies that provide compelling evidence for gender differences in @entity1 ocular conditions, other than for a number of @entity1112 . Disease expression for @entity1112 may be impacted by genetic mechanisms such as lyonization or @entity8882 . Clinical evidence regarding the impact of gender-related medical conditions and therapies on eye conditions is extremely limited and primarily based on anecdotal evidence. Gender-specific factors may play a major role in the underlying biological pathways that influence the onset, rate of progression, and clinical findings associated with @entity74 . Clinicians need to be aware of the variable phenotypes observed in female carriers of @entity1112 of gender specific issues, many of which are inadequately addressed in the current literature. Clinicians need to be sensitive to gender differences in social, cultural, and religious systems and they should also be aware of how their own gender biases may influence how they counsel @entity1 . Finally, it is clear that the lack of effective clinical studies in this area creates an opportunity for future research that will have real benefits for these @entity1 .

title: Gender Specific Issues in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked disorders', 'X-linked ocular disorders']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary ocular disorders', 'hereditary eye disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic eye disorders', 'ocular genetic conditions']

entities_list: @entity8882 :: ('MESH:D024182', 'Disease') :: ['uniparental disomy']

answer: @entity2788 :: (MESH:D015785,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Ocular Disorders']


abstract: Each of the anatomic structures of the ear (external, middle, and inner) is subject to immunologic influence and injury. Studies in experimental animals have shown that primary immune responses to foreign antigens can be induced within the middle and inner ear as indicated by (1) infiltration and local persistence of mononuclear leukocytes and plasma cells, (2) appearance of antibody in perilymph, and (3) eventual development of systemic immunity. Protective effects of inner ear immunization against subsequent viral challenge have also been shown. Clinically, @entity2169 can occur in association with a wide variety of systemic autoimmune and @entity1200 : @entity1252 , @entity309 , Beh  et's disease, @entity244 , relapsing @entity12390 , @entity31 , @entity9465 , and @entity1333 . Evidence for immunologic involvement has also been found in cases of idiopathic @entity1274 frequently accompanied by @entity394 ( @entity9303 ). Many of these cases progress into @entity792 . Autoimmune-associated @entity393 has been recognized as one of the few types of treatable @entity393 , with good responses to immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of @entity792 has not been established; however, evidence suggests three possible types of @entity1200 : (1) autoantibody binding to type II collagen or other otologic components (type II @entity1200 ); (2) immune complex formation leading to @entity1333 ( @entity164 ); and (3) T cell-mediated autoreactivity to inner ear membranous elements (type IV). These mechanisms may not be mutually exclusive. Clinical laboratory procedures should be directed at evaluating these possibilities to assist in diagnosis.

title: XXXX : clinical and experimental aspects.

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'vasculitis-related disease']

entities_list: @entity12390 :: ('MESH:D011081', 'Disease') :: ['polychondritis']

entities_list: @entity9303 :: ('MESH:D008575', 'Disease') :: ["Meniere's disease"]

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunologic disorders', 'immunologic injury']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2169 :: ('MESH:D004427', 'Disease') :: ['otologic disease']

entities_list: @entity9465 :: ('MESH:D055952', 'Disease') :: ["Cogan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular-dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune-related otologic disease', 'systemic autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmunity and otologic disease']


abstract: Study Design. A cross-sectional, observational study.Objective. To determine whether @entity158 and fear of @entity158 have competing effects on postural sway in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ).Summary of Background Data. Competing effects of @entity158 and @entity158 -related fear on postural control can be proposed as the likely explanation for inconsistent results regarding postural sway in the @entity1643 literature. We hypothesized that while @entity158 might increase postural sway, fear of @entity158 might reduce sway through an increased cognitive effort or increased co-contraction to restrict body movement. The cognitive strategy would be less effective under dual task conditions and the co-contraction strategy was expected to be less effective when standing on a narrow base of support surface.Methods. Postural sway was measured in combined conditions of base of support (full and narrow) and cognitive loading (single and dual task) in three experimental groups with current, recent and no @entity1643 . Sway amplitude, path length, mean power frequency and sample entropy were extracted from center of pressure data.Results. The current and recent @entity1643 groups reported significantly different levels of @entity158 , but similar levels of @entity158 catastrophizing and kinesiophobia. The current @entity1643 group tended to display larger sway amplitudes in the anteroposterior direction compared to the other two groups. Mean power frequency values in mediolateral direction were lower in @entity1 with the current @entity1643 compared to recent @entity1643 . Smaller sample entropy was found in the current @entity1643 group than the other groups in most experimental conditions, particularly when standing on a narrow base of support.Conclusions. Alterations of postural sway are mostly mediated by @entity158 but not @entity158 -related fear. @entity1643 tends to increase sway amplitude, which appears to be counteracted by increased effort invested in postural control leading to decreased frequency and increased regularity of sway particularly under increased task demands.

title: Competing Effects of XXXX and Fear of @entity158 on Postural Control in Low Back @entity158 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['LBP', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: CONTEXT: The increased insulin secretion in response to @entity1720 (SI) is heritable, but whether the genetic predisposition is restricted to members of high-risk Caucasian families is unknown. Furthermore, the relative importance of insulin resistance and @entity4085 in the increased prevalence of type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in African-American compared with Caucasian individuals is uncertain. OBJECTIVES: We tested whether @entity28 individuals with a family history of T2DM have decreased beta-cell compensation compared with @entity28 controls without a family history of T2DM. In addition, we compared S(I) and insulin secretion measures in African-American and Caucasian individuals. DESIGN: SI, acute insulin response to iv @entity413 (AIRg), maximally potentiated insulin response to @entity369 (AIRmax), and disposition indexes (DIs) ( @entity6684 = SI * AIRg; DImax = SI * AIRmax) were compared among nondiabetic Caucasian and African-American individuals with and without a family history of @entity6 . SETTING: This study was performed in an Ambulatory General Clinical Research Center. SUBJECTS: SUBJECTS were healthy, nondiabetic individuals with or without a family history of T2DM. INTERVENTIONS: There were no interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of SI, AIRg, AIRmax, @entity6684 , and DImax between Caucasians and African-Americans with or without a strong family history of T2DM were made. RESULTS: Obese subjects did not differ in SI, AIRg, or @entity6684 by family history of @entity6 . African-Americans had 8% lower SI (P < 0.001), but 68% higher AIRg (P < 0.001) and 46% higher @entity6684 (P = 0.001) than age, gender, body mass index-matched Caucasian individuals. However, African-Americans had lower DImax compared with Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS: We found no reduction in insulin secretion in @entity28 subjects with a family history of T2DM compared with controls, but in general, African-Americans were more insulin resistant and had lower maximal beta-cell response (DImax). The paradoxical increased @entity6684 could be explained by the reduced hepatic insulin extraction.

title: Impact of family history of @entity6 and ethnicity on -cell function in XXXX , @entity413 -tolerant individuals.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['defective beta-cell compensation']

entities_list: @entity1720 :: ('MESH:D007333', 'Disease') :: ['reduced insulin sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: PURPOSE: Tailoring perioperative management to minimize the postoperative complication rates depends on reliable prognostication of @entity1 most at risk. The Surgical Apgar Score is an objective measure of the operative course validated to predict @entity532 and @entity204 after general/vascular surgery. We assessed the ability of the Surgical Apgar Score to identify @entity1 most at risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality after renal mass excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for 886 @entity1 undergoing renal mass excision via radical or partial nephrectomy from 2010 to 2013 were extracted from a prospectively collected database. The Surgical Apgar Score was calculated using electronic anesthesia records. @entity260 , readmission and reoperation within 30 days of surgery as well as 90-day mortality were examined. RESULTS: Overall 13.2% of @entity1 experienced major @entity260 at 30 days. Clavien grade I, II, III, IV and V complications were experienced by 1.7%, 2.9%, 5.8%, 1.9% and 0.9%, respectively. The 90-day all cause mortality rate was 1.4%. The Surgical Apgar Score was significantly lower in @entity1 experiencing @entity532 (mean 7.3 vs 7.8, p=0.004) and @entity204 (6.3 vs 7.7, p=0.03). @entity1 with a Surgical Apgar Score of 4 or less were 3.7 times more likely to experience a major complication (p=0.01) and 24 times more likely to die within 90 days of surgery (p=0.0007) compared to @entity1 with a Surgical Apgar Score greater than 8. CONCLUSIONS: The Surgical Apgar Score is an easily collected metric that can identify @entity1 at higher risk for @entity532 and @entity204 after renal mass excision. A prospective trial to help further delineate the optimal use of this tool in an adjusted perioperative management approach with @entity1 undergoing renal mass excision is warranted.

title: Surgical Apgar Score Predicts an Increased Risk of Major Complications and XXXX after Renal Mass Excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['major complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Major postoperative complications']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['Death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of @entity28 on adverse events and required interventions during pediatric procedural sedation. METHODS: The Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium database of prospectively collected procedural sedation encounters was queried to identify @entity1 for whom body mass index (BMI) could be calculated. Obesity was defined as BMI >= 95th percentile for age and gender. Sedation-related outcomes, adverse events, and therapeutic interventions were compared between @entity28 and nonobese @entity1 . RESULTS: For analysis, 28  792 records were eligible. A total of 5  153 @entity1 (17.9%) were @entity28 ; they were predominantly male and older and had a higher median American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification (P  <  0.001). Total adverse events were more common in @entity28 @entity1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.49, 95% confidence interval [1.31, 1.70]). Respiratory events ( @entity1224 .94 [1.54, 2.44], @entity26 desaturation OR 1.99 [1.50, 2.63], secretions OR 1.48 [1.01, 2.15], @entity8822 OR 2.30 [1.30, 4.05]), inability to complete the associated procedure (OR 1.96 [1.16, 3.30]), and prolonged recovery (OR 2.66 [1.26, 5.59]) were increased in @entity28 @entity1 . @entity28 @entity1 more frequently required airway intervention including repositioning, suctioning, jaw thrust, airway adjuncts, and bag-valve-mask ventilation. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated @entity28 to be independently associated with minor and moderate but not major adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is an independent risk factor for adverse respiratory events during procedural sedation and is associated with an increased frequency of airway interventions, suggesting that additional vigilance and expertise are required when sedating these @entity1 .

title: The impact of XXXX on pediatric procedural sedation-related outcomes: results from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction OR 1']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compares two groups of @entity1 with @entity697 in whom two different techniques of anastomotic reinforcement were used, and evaluates the impact of these two techniques on perioperative @entity190 and surgical outcome. METHODS: One hundred eighty-five consecutive @entity1 with @entity697 between 1998 and 2002 were grouped according to the technique utilized for reinforcing the aortic anastomotic site. Group A consisted of 21 @entity1 in whom a novel double patch sandwich technique was used, whereas in group B (164 @entity1 ) conventional Teflon felt strips served as reinforcement. RESULTS: Preoperative profiles were comparable for both groups. @entity2332 and @entity1167 were used in 180 @entity1 (97%). Retrograde cerebral perfusion and retrograde cardioplegia were used in 70 @entity1 (38%). Hospital mortality for the two groups was 4.7% (1 of 21) and 18% (29 out of 164), p < 0.30, respectively. On average 2 versus 6 U of PRBC (p < 0.21), and 3 versus 5 U of FFP (p < 0.004) were given during operation in groups A and B, respectively, and indicates reduced suture line @entity548 in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Modifications in the surgical technique for repair of @entity697 , and in anastomotic reinforcement in particular, may lead to substantial reduction of suture line @entity548 and diminished @entity190 and transfusion requirements, and favorably affects @entity1 outcome. Nevertheless, continued effort is mandatory to further enhance surgical outcome in this @entity1 population.

title: A double patch sandwich technique for surgical repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection type A']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Deep hypothermia']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute aortic dissection type A']


abstract: AIM: To assess the interest of @entity419 positron emission tomography ( @entity419 PET/CT) to evaluate the @entity5 response after radiotherapy (RT) in @entity259 ( @entity259 ) @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: 92 @entity1 were treated for @entity259 at our institution from 1987 to 2012, out of which 64 (70%) received an aggressive multimodal treatment and 28 (30%) a palliative treatment. In the multimodal treatment group, curative-intended surgery, chemotherapy, and RT were delivered in 35 (55%), 59 (92%), and 56 (88%) @entity1 . The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was determined in @entity5 ( @entity5 ), nodes (N) and metastases (M) in each available @entity419 PET/CT. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 3.2years. The 1-year actuarial @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 18% (median: 5.2months) in the entire population and 27% (median: 7months) in the multimodal treatment group. In the multivariate analysis, RT, surgery, and pre-RT chemotherapy independently predicted for @entity1349 , with HRs respectively of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5. Quantification of FDG uptake with SUVmax was assessable in 26 (40%), 19 (30%), and 25 (39%) of @entity419 PET/CT performed initially (prior to any treatment), prior to RT, and after RT, respectively. Mean SUVmax significantly decreased in @entity5 (p<0.001), but not in N (p=0.1) and M (p=0.3) during the assessment period, which might be related to the local effect of RT. Comparing pre- and post-RT @entity8984 -FDG PET/CT, the @entity5 mean relative SUVmax decrease was lower (23  54%) in the 4 @entity1 that had a local relapse (LR) as compared with others in the 12 others @entity1 (62  33%; p=0.3). A relative SUVmax decrease inferior to 20% significantly predicted for LR (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity259 @entity1 remains dismal despite an aggressive multimodal treatment. Although our results were not significant, @entity419 PET/CT could potentially serve as a surrogate marker of treatment response in @entity259 .

title: @entity419 positron emission tomography to assess response after radiation therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose', '(18)F-FDG']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['ATC', 'anaplastic thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['anaplastic thyroid cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to underline the significance of premenarcheal gynecological examination in @entity1 with transverse @entity365 that could possibly be complicated with @entity46 . DESIGN: Retrospective study including the period between January 2008 and December 2010. SETTING: Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. @entity1 : We searched our databases regarding cases of @entity8795 caused by transverse @entity365 . MAIN OUTCOME: Among the @entity1 presented with @entity8795 we identified 4 cases caused by transverse @entity365 . RESULTS: We present the management of these cases regarding diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment. The mean age of the @entity1 was 13.1 years. All @entity1 presented in our department with hypogastric @entity490 and @entity8795 . No problems in adrenarche or thelarche were mentioned. The U/S and MRI revealed a normal cystic in the upper part of the vagina-- @entity8795 varying from 42   26   30 to 73   55   32 mm. Three of the @entity1 had an upper transverse @entity365 while one had a middle transverse @entity365 . Only one @entity1 had a concomitant anomaly of the urinary system (ectopic kidney). In our @entity1 , after laparoscopic examination 3 out of 4 @entity1 had findings of @entity46 (2/3 with stage I-minimal @entity46 and 1/3 with stage II-mild @entity46 ). CONCLUSION: Physicians should be aware of transverse @entity365 in the differential diagnosis of @entity8795 with @entity490 and primary @entity2588 in the early adolescent years. Early diagnosis could be based on premenarcheal gynecological examination and could lead to correct management in order to avoid the complications of @entity46 ( @entity1834 or @entity249 ).

title: Management of @entity8795 in adolescents with transverse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity8795 :: ('MESH:D006399', 'Disease') :: ['hematocolpos']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal septum']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal septum']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and durability of a calibrated inguinal hernioplasty @entity7502 prosthesis, particularly in relation to the microbiological phenomena that may set in the vicinity of the @entity7502 plugs and mesh employed. Over the period from January 1994 to December 2002, 1416 operations were carried out for @entity169 . In 5 of these @entity1 we conducted an immunological study to assess serum cytokine concentrations. In addition, we incubated peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 24 or 72 hours in RPMI 1640 medium added with 10% FCS, with or without 0.5 cm2 of @entity7502 . We then evaluated cytokine levels in the supernatant of these cultures. It proved impossible, either in vivo or in vitro, to detect appreciable levels of @entity688 or @entity371 . Serum levels of @entity379 , @entity310 , @entity8923 and @entity650 increased in the postoperative phases as compared to the preoperative period. In the study performed in vitro, in the presence of prosthetic material there was a remarkable increase in the production of @entity310 and INF-gamma both in basal conditions and after an appropriate mitogenic stimulus. The results of this study allow us to speculate that the use of @entity7502 induces remarkable chemotactic activity in the tissues adjacent to the prosthesis. The in-vitro study data suggest that the presence of @entity7502 may stimulate the immunocompetent cells of @entity1 with prosthetic implants.

title: [Biologic tolerance of prolene prosthesis in XXXX repair].

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Injection of botulinum toxin Type B ( @entity24008 ) is substantially more @entity158 than injection of botulinum toxin Type A (BTX-A). OBJECTIVE: A method of reducing @entity158 with @entity24008 injection without reducing efficacy. This was evaluated in 2 BTX-A-resistant subjects and another @entity24008 -naive subject. METHODS: Clinical evaluation and computer analysis of photographs were used to confirm efficacy to different dilutions of Type B toxin and confirm BTX-A resistance. A pilot study of 3 subjects involves @entity24008 (usually pH 5.6) that was diluted with @entity4388 to normalize the pH to 7.5 in the syringe immediately before injection. @entity158 assessment compared the different pH @entity24008 solutions. RESULTS: Two @entity1 with acquired resistance to 3 BTX-As in upper facial muscles responded to @entity24008 . Injection @entity158 of @entity24008 changed to pH 7.5 was significantly reduced and retained efficacy over 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin Type A resistance is documented to 3 BTX-A brands in 2 @entity1 . They had received low doses of Type A toxin, they responded to Type B toxin. Injection @entity158 of the acidic solution of @entity24008 neurotoxin was reduced and efficacy not compromised by changing pH of @entity24008 solution to pH 7.5. This method improved @entity1 tolerance to @entity24008 injections.

title: Botulinum Toxin Type B: pH Change Reduces Injection XXXX , Retains Efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: When the penis is in the flaccid state, the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle is under adrenergic control in order to maintain the sinusoids in a contracted condition (primarily via alpha-adrenergic stimulation). Penile erection is mediated by relaxation of corporal smooth muscle through a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms. Pharmacological agents that either inhibit alpha-adrenergic transmission or facilitate corporal smooth muscle relaxation will be beneficial for penile erection. Preliminary studies on macrocycle 1, a novel bioactive agent, demonstrated that this compound inhibits receptor-stimulated contraction without significantly altering field-stimulated contraction. The current study was designed to determine the physiological effects of macrocycle 1 on the response of the @entity95 corpus cavernosum to various forms of stimulation. Sexually mature male New Zealand White @entity95 were used in this study. The corpus cavernosum was dissected sharply from the removed penis and two longitudinal strips were prepared for isometric tension studies. Each strip was prestimulated with 200 mumol/l @entity2647 to produce a maximal contraction. The influences of macrocycle 1 (15.6, 62.5, 250, 1,000 mumol/l) on both the contractile response to @entity2647 and the relaxant effects of field stimulation, @entity5402 , @entity855 and @entity1854 were determined. The results demonstrated that although basal tension was not altered, the contractile response to @entity2647 was decreased by 5, 18, 47 and 57%, respectively, by the different concentrations of macrocycle 1. The degree of relaxation induced by field stimulation of various frequencies was significantly enhanced by macrocycle 1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the degrees of relaxation induced by @entity10257 , @entity855 and @entity1854 were all significantly enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. The conclusion from this study is that macrocycle 1 significantly inhibits @entity2647 -stimulated contraction and significantly enhances field-stimulated and pharmacologically induced relaxation. Although the mechanisms of action are not clear, its physiological effects on the @entity95 corpus cavernosum implicate a potential for the treatment of @entity323 .

title: Physiological effects of macrocycle 1 on the XXXX corpus cavernosum.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence is emerging that varying the type or source of dietary protein intake can have beneficial effects on @entity740 . Consumption of @entity1460 and soy-based food products, as the source of plant protein, can retard the development and progression of @entity740 . We studied the obese spontaneously @entity101 /NIH-corpulent (SHR/N-cp) @entity35 , a model of @entity28 and @entity6 that consistently develops @entity8 resembling @entity2316 . We specifically sought to determine whether changing the source of protein intake from animal protein, casein, to plant protein in the form of either soy protein concentrate or flaxseed protein in the diet has a different impact on renal function and @entity8 in this model. METHODS: Male obese SHR/N-cp @entity35 were randomly assigned to one of three diets containing either 20% casein, 20% soy protein concentrate, or 20% flaxseed meal. Except for the protein source, all three diets were identical and contained similar amounts of protein, fat, @entity3363 , minerals, and @entity2221 . All animals were maintained on these diets for 6 months. At the end of the study, blood sampling and 24-hour urine collections were performed for renal functional measurements, and the kidneys were harvested and examined for histologic evaluation. RESULTS: All three groups had similar amounts of food intake and body weight gain and exhibited fasting @entity4854 and @entity3190 . Plasma @entity413 levels did not differ among the three groups, but plasma insulin concentration was significantly lower in @entity35 fed flaxseed meal than those fed either casein or soy protein concentrate. Mean plasma @entity1011 , @entity1011 clearance, and urinary @entity1133 excretion also did not differ significantly between the three groups. By contrast, urinary protein excretion was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in @entity35 fed flaxseed than in @entity35 fed either casein or soy protein concentrate. Morphologic analysis of @entity8 showed that the percentage of abnormal glomeruli with mesangial expansion and the tubulointerstitial score (an index of severity of @entity16 ) were significantly reduced in @entity35 fed flaxmeal compared to those fed casein or soy protein concentrate. CONCLUSION: We conclude that dietary protein substitution with flaxseed meal reduces @entity644 and glomerular and @entity75 in obese SHR/N-cp @entity35 and that flaxseed meal is more effective than soy protein in reducing @entity644 and renal histologic abnormalities in this model. The reduction in @entity644 and @entity8 was independent of the amount of protein intake and glycemic control. Which dietary component(s) present in flaxseed meal is (are) responsible for the renal protective effect remains to be determined.

title: Dietary flaxseed meal reduces @entity644 and ameliorates XXXX in an animal model of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal structural lesions', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial damage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial lesions']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2221 :: ('CHEBI:33229', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamins']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']