abstract: Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB is secreted by most @entity1 @entity0 cells; however, only recently have @entity6006 receptors been demonstrated in malignant breast tissue. In the present study, the tissue localization of @entity6006 receptor expression was studied in @entity1 @entity0 and nonmalignant breast tissues stained using both immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. We examined a total of 29 cases of @entity0 , which showed both in situ and invasive components. @entity6006 receptor staining was localized in the periepithelial stroma and was particularly intense in regions immediately adjacent to @entity189 in situ components in all @entity5 examined. A diffuse low level of @entity6006 receptor staining was seen throughout the stroma of eight nonmalignant breast tissues as well as of nonmalignant regions of @entity5 tissues. Image analysis was used to assess the coincidence of staining of @entity6006 receptor with epithelial or stromal cells in 13 of the 29 @entity5 tissues studied. Less than 5% of malignant ductal epithelium or myoepithelium showed @entity6006 receptor staining. Analysis with stromal cell type-specific markers indicated significant localization of @entity6006 receptor primarily within alpha smooth muscle actin-staining cells (32%) and vascular endothelial cells (41%) in the periepithelial stroma. @entity6006 receptor positivity was strongly associated with periepithelial stromal cells adjacent to the basement membrane surrounding regions of @entity189 in situ but was less intense in regions of invasive @entity189 where basement membrane was degraded. The absence of @entity6006 receptors on @entity189 cells and their presence in the surrounding stroma suggest a paracrine stimulation of adjacent stromal tissue by malignant epithelial cells in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Localization of platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor expression in the periepithelial stroma of XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast tumors', 'breast carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the ST-segment monitoring software of a bedside electrocardiograph (ECG) monitor would detect postoperative @entity741 (POMI) as reliably as the clinical gold standard 12-lead ECG, and to compare the characteristics of @entity63 thus detected with prior studies performed using Holter monitoring. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity1 : One hundred @entity1 who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). INTERVENTIONS: Continuous ST-segment trends in leads II and V5 were recorded using Hewlett-Packard Merlin monitors postbypass until discharge from the postsurgical unit, and printouts were analyzed for episodes of @entity63 . Simultaneous 12-lead ECGs and monitor strips were recorded during @entity63 episodes in 24 @entity1 and were independently analyzed by two blinded cardiologists quantitatively for ST-segment values and qualitatively for an overall @entity63 rating. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The ST-segment values directly measured by the cardiologists on the simultaneous 12-lead ECGs and those recorded by the monitor during @entity63 episodes were found to be clinically comparable (bias, 0.1 mm for both leads; precision, 0.5 mm lead II, 0.9 mm lead V5). The sensitivity of the monitor compared with 12-lead ECGs for the detection of POMI was 73%. Ninety-eight episodes of significant ST deviation were identified in 39 @entity1 . The characteristics of the @entity63 detected in this study were similar to those reported in other studies performed using continuous Holter-type monitoring. CONCLUSION: Bedside monitoring of the ST segment in leads II and V5 using Hewlett-Packard Merlin monitors after CABG surgery is as accurate for the measurement of ST deviation in those leads as the clinical gold standard of a 12-lead ECG read by an experienced cardiologist. However, the 12-lead ECG will detect POMI more reliably than an automated two-lead bedside ST-segment analyzer because it allows evaluation of more leads and of ST-segment and T-wave morphology. Bedside ST-segment monitoring in this study confirmed the high incidence of @entity63 after CABG surgery shown previously using Holter monitoring.

title: Detection of postoperative @entity741 by bedside ST-segment analysis in coronary artery bypass graft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of open reduction operative treatment in neglected @entity3029 . METHODS: Between January 2009 and October 2010, 13 @entity1 (mean, 27 years, nine @entity1 and four @entity1 ) with old @entity3029 were treated by open reduction and removal of fibrous tissue between distal humerus and ulna with Kirschner wire fixation with or without triceps lengthening in our hospital. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 18 (range, 14-22) months. The mean operating time was 69.53 (range, 56-90) min. Mean operative @entity190 361.53   mL (range, 300-450   mL), mean tourniquet time 51.92   min (range, 46-70   min). According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index at the final follow-up, 11 @entity1 had satisfactory outcomes (six excellent, five good) and two @entity1 had unsatisfactory outcomes (one fair and one poor). The mean score was 87. Nine @entity1 had no @entity158 , two had mild @entity158 during repetitive @entity717 or weight lifting, and two had moderate @entity158 . The mean @entity158 score was 38 (range, 15-45). At the final follow-up, two @entity1 had signs of instability; the mean score was 15. Seven achieved a flexion range of 105   to 130  , two achieved 100  , two achieved 95  , one achieved 80  , and one 60  . CONCLUSION: Operative treatment of late-presenting, unreduced @entity3029 is effective in restoring the joint to a painless, stable and functional limb.

title: Management of neglected XXXX in a setting with low clinical resources.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['elbow movements']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dislocation', 'unreduced posterior dislocation of the elbow']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['elbow dislocations']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of proteoglycan (PG) with that of @entity1420 (P) in the cultured fibroblasts from @entity1 uterine cervix. MAIN METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, the cervix was collected from normal @entity1 undergoing total hysterectomy. The cervix was cultured until fibroblasts proliferated and had grown to confluence, then, the fibroblasts were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without PG, P and a combination of both; they were cultured for 24-48 h. The anti-inflammatory effects of PG and P were evaluated by the suppression of @entity650 or @entity687 secretion. The expression of the @entity650 or @entity687 gene and the expression of their protein were determined by real-time PCR, and ELISA, respectively. Activation of Toll-like receptor ( @entity2939 was evaluated by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS: LPS markedly enhanced gene and protein expression of @entity650 and @entity687 in @entity1 uterine cervical fibroblasts. The up-regulation of the @entity650 or @entity687 gene and protein expression by LPS was significantly suppressed with PG, P and a combination of both. Western blotting revealed that combination of PG and P showed more potent inhibition on LPS-stimulated @entity2939 induction than that seen by each. SIGNIFICANCE: This study showed that both PG and P have an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced @entity32 . This anti-inflammatory effect of PG and P was augmented by co-administration of both, suggesting for the first time that PG has an anti-inflammatory effect on @entity1 uterine cervical fibroblasts.

title: Anti-inflammatory effect of proteoglycan and @entity1420 on XXXX uterine cervical fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Little is known about the diagnostic significance of @entity729 detected fluoroscopically in apparently healthy young @entity1 . This study compared the presence of fluoroscopically detected @entity729 with @entity453 in asymptomatic male military aircrew undergoing noninvasive cardiac screening tests and coronary arteriography for occupational indications. Of 1,466 @entity1 screened with coronary fluoroscopy, 613 underwent coronary arteriography because of one or more abnormal noninvasive test results. The mean age (+/- SD) of all subjects screened was 40.2 +/- 5 years (range 26 to 65). Significant @entity453 (greater than or equal to 50% diameter stenosis) was found in 104 of the 613 subjects with arteriograms (16.9% disease prevalence). Overall sensitivity and specificity for @entity729 detection of significant disease, based only on those subjects undergoing arteriography, were 66.3% and 77.6%, respectively. For measurable disease (mild plus significant), sensitivity was 60.6% and specificity 85.9%. Positive and negative predictive values were 37.7% and 91.9%, respectively, for significant disease. For measurable disease, positive and negative predictive values were 68.9% and 80.9%, respectively. In these asymptomatic young @entity1 , a fluoroscopic examination negative for @entity729 indicated a low risk of significant @entity453 , whereas a positive test result (calcification present) substantially increased the likelihood of angiographically significant @entity453 .

title: @entity729 and associated coronary disease in asymptomatic young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic coronary artery disease', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Trypanosomes contain unique peroxisome-like organelles designated glycosomes which sequester enzymes involved in a variety of metabolic processes including glycolysis. We identified three ABC transporters associated with the glycosomal membrane of @entity3177 . They were designated GAT1-3 for Glycosomal ABC Transporters. These polypeptides are so-called half-ABC transporters containing only one transmembrane domain and a single @entity377 -binding domain, like their homologues of @entity1 and @entity375 peroxisomes. The glycosomal localization was shown by immunofluorescence microscopy of trypanosomes expressing fusion constructs of the transporters with Green Fluorescent Protein. By expression of fluorescent deletion constructs, the glycosome-targeting determinant of two transporters was mapped to different fragments of their respective primary structures. Interestingly, these fragments share a short sequence motif and contain adjacent to it one--but not the same--of the predicted six transmembrane segments of the transmembrane domain. We also identified the @entity3177 homologue of peroxin @entity48972 , which is considered to act as a chaperonin and/or receptor for cytosolically synthesized proteins destined for insertion into the peroxisomal membrane. By using a bacterial two-hybrid system, it was shown that glycosomal ABC transporter fragments containing an organelle-targeting determinant can interact with both the trypanosomatid and @entity1 @entity48972 , despite their low overall sequence identity. Mutated forms of @entity1 @entity48972 that lost interaction with @entity1 peroxisomal membrane proteins also did not bind anymore to the @entity3177 glycosomal transporter. Moreover, fragments of the glycosomal transporter were targeted to the peroxisomal membrane when expressed in @entity1 cells. Together these results indicate evolutionary conservation of the glycosomal/peroxisomal membrane protein import mechanism.

title: XXXX glycosomal ABC transporters: identification and membrane targeting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity3177 :: ('5691', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma brucei', 'T. brucei']

answer: @entity3177 :: (5691,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma brucei']


abstract: Using an in vitro @entity63 model ( @entity63 solution; IS model) that induces penumbral cell @entity204 , we examined the effect of @entity18850 ( @entity18850 ) on cell injury/ @entity204 and underlying molecular mechanisms. @entity2667 (PI) uptake was used to quantify cell @entity204 in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. A 24-h IS exposure caused a fivefold increase in mean PI fluorescence intensity. @entity18850 , dose-dependently (1-4000 microM), reduced the IS-induced PI uptake in hippocampal @entity4778 neurons with an IC(50) of 26 microM. This protective effect of @entity18850 was reversible and effective even 6 h following the onset of IS treatment. Gene expression profiling studies indicated that among approximately 46,000 transcripts tested, the most significantly up-regulated gene by IS was @entity635 ( @entity635 ) which was also the most significantly down-regulated gene when @entity18850 was added to the IS-treated slices. The addition of a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (100 microg/mL) or neutralizing @entity635 antibody significantly attenuated the IS-induced cell @entity204 , indicating that the up-regulation of @entity635 with IS treatment contributed to the IS-induced cell @entity204 . @entity8932 ( @entity8932 ), another gene that was significantly up-regulated by IS and suppressed by @entity18850 , was studied to determine whether it was related to the @entity635 up-regulation. Indeed, this was the case as the IS-induced @entity635 up-regulation was abolished in @entity8932 -/- @entity19 brain slices. Furthermore, the IS-induced cell @entity204 was significantly reduced in @entity8932 -/- when compared with that in wild-type slices, indicating that @entity8932 is functionally upstream of @entity635 in this IS model. We conclude that (i) IS up-regulates @entity8932 expression and augments @entity8932 signaling, causing over-expression of @entity635 which leads to cell @entity204 and (ii) @entity18850 blocks IS-induced @entity528 , at least partially, by suppressing the @entity8932 pathway.

title: @entity18850 protects against @entity528 by blocking XXXX activated-mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['Propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity18850 :: ('MESH:D017878', 'Chemical') :: ["4,4'-diisothio-cyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid", 'DIDS']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

answer: @entity8932 :: (24088(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Toll-like receptor 2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dyspnea is the frequent cause of exercise intolerance and physical inactivity among @entity1 referred for exercise tolerance test. @entity67 has shown significant correlation with exercise capacity and exercise induced @entity1353 . To find out the frequency of @entity67 ( @entity67 ) and the relationships between impaired exercise capacity and exercise induced @entity1353 with @entity67 by Doppler-derived indices among @entity1 referred for stress test in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi. METHODS: For this study 135 consecutive @entity1 who were referred for stress test at our non-invasive lab were screened for eligibility. @entity1 with @entity340 , @entity955 ( @entity955 ) and @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were excluded. Stress test was performed on treadmill using Bruce protocol. Assessment of diastolic function as determined by trans-mitral flow velocity pattern was carried at baseline and at peak exercise. We evaluated impaired exercise capacity and exercise induced @entity1353 using validated Borg Scale among study subjects. RESULTS: Study subjects 88% were males, mean age was 46        16  years, BMI 27        5  kg/m2, prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 15%, @entity101 28% and smoking 21%. Exercise induced @entity67 occurred among 44.6%. @entity1 with exercise induced @entity67 had lower exercise capacity (9.2 vs. 10.2 METS; p   =   0.04) and higher Borg Scale (5.2 vs. 4.0; p   <   0.001). @entity67 at baseline was present in 25(26%) of @entity1 so they were excluded from the study. Five @entity1 develop @entity63 during stress test so were also excluded. So final analysis was done on 105 @entity1 . Among @entity1 without @entity67 at baseline, there was significant vicariate linear inverse correlation between post exercise E/A ratio and Borg scale (r   =   -0.23; p   =   0.02) and exercise capacity was assessed by exercise duration and MET (r-0.825; p   =   0.04). Multivariate regression analysis revealed post exercise E/A ratio as an independent determinant of severity of exercise induced @entity1353 and @entity73 . CONCLUSION: @entity67 is significantly associated with impaired functional capacity and @entity1353 among @entity1 referred for exercise tolerance test.

title: Relationship between exercise induced XXXX and functional capacity with doppler-derived diastolic function'.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular pathology']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['DM', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired exercise tolerance']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'DD', 'diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1353 :: (MESH:D004417,Disease) :: ['dyspnea']


abstract: AIM: To determine whether @entity117 or non- @entity117 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NA-NSAIDs) prevent @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in @entity1 with @entity29 ( @entity29 ). METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched for articles reporting the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 related to @entity117 or NA-NSAID use. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95%CIs were determined using a random-effects model. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q and the I (2) statistic. RESULTS: Eight studies involving 14917 @entity1 and 3 studies involving 1282 @entity1 provided data on the risk of @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 taking NA-NSAIDs and @entity117 respectively. The pooled OR of developing @entity14 after exposure to NA-NSAIDs in @entity1 with @entity29 was 0.80 (95%CI: 0.39-1.21) and after exposure to @entity117 it was 0.66 (95%CI: 0.06-1.39). There was significant heterogeneity (I (2) > 50%) between the studies. There was no change in the effect estimates on subgroup analyses of the population studied or whether adjustment or matching was performed. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of high quality evidence on this important clinical topic. From the available evidence NA-NSAID or @entity117 use does not appear to be chemopreventative for @entity14 in @entity1 with @entity29 .

title: Does @entity117 or non- @entity117 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prevent XXXX in @entity29 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the characteristics, evaluation and treatment of @entity1 with @entity210 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiological differences and differences in treatment between @entity1 and @entity1 in a large @entity1 population. METHODS: The data from approximately 1.4 million @entity1 who were members of seven managed care plans in the USA for at least 1 year between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2003 were examined. Adult members who had pharmacy benefits and at least two ambulatory claims specifying a diagnosis of @entity210 were identified. In addition, @entity1 and @entity1 who were new users of urate-lowering drugs (ULDs) were identified to assess adherence with recommended surveillance of serum urate levels within 6 months of initiating urate-lowering treatment. RESULTS: A total of 6133 @entity1 (4975 @entity1 and 1158 @entity1 ) with two or more International Classification of Disease-9 codes for @entity210 were identified. As compared with @entity1 with @entity210 , @entity1 were older (mean age 70 (SD 13) v 58 (SD 14), p<0.001) and had comorbidities and received diuretics more often (77% v 40%; p<0.001). Only 37% of new users of urate-lowering treatment had appropriate surveillance of serum urate levels post-initiation of urate-lowering treatment. After controlling for age, comorbidities, @entity210 treatments, number of @entity16045 dispensings and health plan, @entity1 were more likely (odds ratio 1.36, 95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.67) to receive the recommended serum urate level testing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity210 were older, had greater comorbidities and more often used diuretics and received appropriate surveillance of serum urate levels, suggesting that the factors leading to @entity210 as well as monitoring of treatment are very different in @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Sex differences in XXXX epidemiology: evaluation and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compares the neurologic evolution and number of restenoses between 2 groups of @entity1 who underwent internal @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ): one group with systematic intraoperative completion arteriography (CA) and another group without. METHODS: This monocentric retrospective study was performed from January 2000 to December 2008 on 559 consecutive CEPs; 179 were controlled with CA and 380 were not. Surgery was chosen for @entity1 with greater than 50% symptomatic or greater than 60% asymptomatic @entity850 (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria). Each @entity1 's neurologic and ultrasound status was followed-up postoperatively, and at 3 months in the presence of neurologic symptoms, and at the end of the follow-up. @entity850 and @entity256 were defined by a reduction in diameter of greater than 50% or a maximal systolic velocity greater than 150 cm/s. The surgical team included 4 vascular surgeons: 2 experienced surgeons who did not perform CA, 1 experienced surgeon monitoring surgical trainees, and 1 who had little experience performing CA. RESULTS: In both groups, the @entity1 were comparable in terms of cardiovascular risks, except for age, gender, statin treatment, and neoplastic medical history. During the first 30 postoperative days, the mean rate of @entity64 ( @entity64 ) and death was 0.4%. In the CA group, 1 incidence (0.6%) of partial @entity1939 occurred, and in the no-CA group, 1 incidence (0.2%) of @entity548 and 3 (0.5%) @entity63 ( @entity63 ) occurred. One of these @entity63 resulted from a residual @entity850 . Mean follow-up was 41 months. During this time, 6 ipsilateral neurologic accidents occurred in the CA group (1 @entity63 @entity64 , 3 @entity63 , 1 partial @entity1939 , and 1 @entity548 ), whereas 10 occurred in the no CA group (1 @entity63 @entity64 , 4 @entity63 , 3 hemorrhagic CVAs, 1 partial @entity1939 , and 1 recurrence of @entity9085 ). The combined morbidity and mortality rates in the 2 groups were 3.3% and 2.8%, respectively (P > 0.05). Two residual stenoses (0.5%) and 6 significant restenoses (1.6%) were diagnosed in the no-CA group; 4 significant restenoses (2.2%) occurred in the CA group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When performed by experienced surgeons, systematic intraoperative CA does not reduce the incidence of @entity16 after @entity3538 . Systematic intraoperative arteriography enables surgical trainees to obtain results as satisfactory as those of experienced surgeons.

title: Is it mandatory to carry out completion arteriography after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident', 'CVA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic CVA']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attacks', 'TIAs', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['CEP', 'carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral neurologic complications']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity9085 :: ('MESH:D014715', 'Disease') :: ['vertebrobasilar insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['monocular blindness']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Residual stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity3538 :: (MESH:D002341,Disease) :: ['carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty']


abstract: Twenty-four cases of @entity7643 / @entity7643 were studied in Delhi in the months of September and October, 1988. The majority of these cases were @entity1 aged 6-10 years. Classical symptoms of dengue ( @entity221 , @entity10 , aesthesia, @entity925 ) occurred in all the @entity1 . Digestive symptoms ( @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity448 , @entity490 and @entity382 ) were also common. @entity548 manifestations were present in 41.7% of the cases. Of these, 90% had @entity360 . Shock occurred in 17 cases (70.8%). @entity882 and prolongation of coagulation profile were found in 62.5% of cases. Three @entity1 (12.5%) who presented with @entity75 died. The other 21 @entity1 recovered after an average period of 2-8 days.

title: An epidemic of @entity7643 and XXXX in Delhi: a clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue shock syndrome', 'dengue haemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity7643 :: (MESH:D019595,Disease) :: ['dengue shock syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of an inpatient @entity565 clinical pathway on the processes and outcomes for @entity1 who were admitted to a hospital for the treatment of @entity565 . DESIGN: Before-and-after study. SETTING: A private nonprofit academic @entity1 's hospital in Seattle, Wash. @entity1 AND METHODS: Three hundred forty-two admissions of 297 @entity1 in the first year of the @entity565 clinical pathway were compared with 353 admissions of 292 similar @entity1 in the previous year. @entity1 who required intensive care, were younger than 2 years, or had a major @entity102 were excluded. INTERVENTION: Asthma was chosen for the development of a clinical pathway because of its large number of admissions, involvement of multiple health care providers (nurses, physicians, and respiratory therapists), predictable hospital course, and variable lengths of hospital stay. The pathway was a consensus-based guideline for @entity1 management that was intended to be adapted to the care of an individual @entity1 . Prior to the implementation of the clinical pathway, nurses, attending physicians, house staff, and respiratory therapists were trained in its use. The main hospital chart of each @entity1 who was admitted to the pathway had a flowchart that outlined day-to-day guidelines for monitoring and care. Nursing staff were responsible for documenting when a @entity1 's care varied from the pathway, and these variances were entered into a computer database. OUTCOME MEASURES: Use of peak flowmeters, @entity230 , laboratory studies, radiological studies, and respiratory therapy was assessed by analyzing the @entity1 ' electronic billing records. For @entity1 enrolled in the pathway, additional data on process of care were obtained by analyzing the variance database. For both groups, the total charges, length of stay, and rate of readmission to the hospital were measured by use of the billing records. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the use of @entity230 or peak flowmeters, average lengths of stay, or total charges between the 2 groups. However, @entity1 in the "pathway group" had significantly lower average charges for laboratory ( 26 vs  39; P < .05) and radiology ( 32 vs  55; P < .001) services. Variances from the pathway guidelines were most often related to the @entity1 ' responses to therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity565 clinical pathway had no effect on clinical outcomes and small effects on the use of resources. Further development, including physician and nurse training, computer and administrative support, and clinical severity scales, are needed to develop the potential utility of the clinical pathway as a research and quality assurance tool.

title: One-year experience with an inpatient XXXX clinical pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to elucidate various aspects of the natural history of @entity20699 ( @entity20699 ), in particular the relation between symptomatology and prognosis as it relates to management of @entity1 with the earliest symptoms of @entity20699 . METHODS: A prospective study of 350 consecutive @entity1 with @entity20699 was performed, excluding all @entity1 referred from an ophthalmologist, those with symptoms of more than 3 months in duration, and those with a history of @entity2194 , except for @entity231 surgery. @entity4118 was present in 21 eyes, and 50 @entity1 were bilaterally involved. RESULTS: Of 163 @entity1 who had one to two floaters as their presenting symptom, with or without light flashes, a retinal tear developed in 12 (7.3%). Of 31 @entity735 with secondary retinal tears on initial examination, 9 (29%) had one to two floaters and light flashes as the only symptoms. Of eight @entity735 that initially, or eventually, had a @entity1713 , three (37%) had an interval of 2 1/2 to 3 weeks before visual field loss, during which they noticed only one to three @entity227 as their only symptoms. This early stage in which symptoms are detectable is crucial in terms of providing an opportunity for early treatment that might prevent @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The prompt and conscientious vitreoretinal examination of each @entity1 older than 45 years of age who experiences vitreous floaters, even though limited to one or two, should be undertaken without delay. This practice, combined with expeditious treatment of any secondary retinal tears, provides the most effective known means of preventing @entity1713 , and currently it appears to be neglected. A national public educational effort should be pursued to publicize the importance of these symptoms.

title: Natural history of @entity20699 with early management as the premier line of defense against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular trauma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual floaters plus light flashes']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment', 'retinal detachments', 'retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['phakic eyes']

entities_list: @entity20699 :: ('MESH:D020255', 'Disease') :: ['PVD', 'posterior vitreous detachment']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of the intervertebral discs have been found in a high frequency among young elite athletes. Several studies have also reported that the adolescent spine, especially the vertebral growth zones, is vulnerable to @entity130 . However, there is incomplete knowledge regarding the injury mechanism of the growing spine. In this study, the injury patterns of the adolescent porcine spine with @entity1797 were examined. METHODS: Twenty-four male @entity1707 were used. A degenerative disc was created by drilling a hole through the cranial endplate of a lumbar vertebra into the disc. Two months later the animals were sacrificed and the degenerative functional spinal units (segments) were harvested. The segments were divided into three groups and exposed to axial compression, flexion compression or extension compression to failure. The load and angle at failure were measured for each group. The segments were examined with magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiography before and after the loading and finally examined macroscopically and histologically. FINDINGS: The degenerated segments required considerably more compressive load to failure than non-degenerated segments. Creating a @entity130 required significantly more load than an extension injury. @entity174 and/or separations of the endplates from the vertebral bodies were seen at the margins of the endplates and in the growth zone. Only severe separations and @entity174 could be seen on plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. INTERPRETATION: The weakest part of the adolescent porcine lumbar spine with experimentally-induced @entity528 , when loaded in axial compression, flexion compression or extension compression, was the growth zone, and, to a lesser extent, the endplate. Degenerated discs seem to withstand higher mechanical loads than non-degenerated discs, probably due to altered stress distribution.

title: XXXX and separations of endplates after traumatic loading of adolescent porcine spines with experimentally-induced @entity1797 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fractures']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['flexion injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Vertebral fractures']


abstract: PURPOSE: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted in 167 @entity1 with Waldenstr  m's @entity8057 (WM) to delineate prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-seven @entity1 diagnosed between January 1969 and December 1988, fulfilling diagnostic criteria of WM, were entered onto this study. One hundred twenty-eight @entity1 were treated with @entity5805 (0.1 mg/kg/d): 117 at diagnosis and 11 during the disease course. Seventeen variables were analyzed in all @entity1 and in treated @entity1 for their prognostic value on survival using the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Median survival duration for all @entity1 was 60 months. Pretreatment factors associated with shorter survival in the entire population were age > or = 60 years (P = .006), male sex (P = .0001), general symptoms (P = .01), hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL (P = .008), leukocytes less than 4 X 10(9)/L (P = .02), neutrophils less than 1.7 X 10(9)/L (P = .02), and platelets less than 150 X 10(9)/L (P = .0006). @entity7555 , signs of hyperviscosity, @entity177 , monoclonal immunoglobulin M (M IgM) level, @entity1503 , and percentage of @entity236 cells were not significantly correlated with survival. In a Cox multivariate regression analysis, the combination of factors that gave the best prognostic value was the association of sex (P = .0002), neutrophils (P = .002), age (P = .008), and hemoglobin (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that some pretreatment parameters, including older age, male sex, general symptoms, and @entity1503 , carry a poor prognosis in WM. By contrast, high initial @entity5 burden (indicated by @entity7555 , high IgM level, and high percentage of @entity236 cells) does not seem to be significantly associated with short survival. Our results help define a high-risk population that could perhaps benefit from newer therapeutic approaches.

title: Prognostic factors in Waldenstr  m's XXXX : a report of 167 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias', 'blood lymphocytosis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow lymphoid']

entities_list: @entity7555 :: ('MESH:D016878', 'Disease') :: ['organomegaly', 'Organomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8057 :: ('MESH:D008258', 'Disease') :: ['macroglobulinemia']

answer: @entity8057 :: (MESH:D008258,Disease) :: ['macroglobulinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Emergency repair of @entity2334 remains a formidable operation with high morbidity and mortality. Although advanced surgical and perioperative care techniques have reduced the risks in elective repair of these @entity439 , the mortality rate has remained high when emergency surgery is performed. We have evaluated the outcome of @entity1 undergoing emergency repair of @entity2334 . METHODS: Of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity2334 observed from January 1993 to September 1998, 19 required an emergency operation. Twelve had a @entity1756 and 7 an acute dissection. Twelve type I, 3 type II, 1 type III, and 3 type IV @entity2334 (Crawford's classification) were diagnosed. All @entity1 were operated on via a thoracolaparotomy with partial femoral-femoral extracorporeal circulation. The cerebrospinal fluid pressure was monitored, and the aorta was replaced with a vascular graft. Patent intercostal arteries were reimplanted when feasible. RESULTS: The early (30-day) mortality was 42.1%; there were 2 late deaths. Complications in the 11 surviving @entity1 are summarized as follows: @entity451 /paraparesis, 3 cases; renal, 4 cases; pulmonary, 4 cases; cardiac, 1 case; cerebrovascular, 1 case; and reexploration for @entity548 , 1 case. Hemodialysis and aortic dissection were predictive factors of hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our surgical experience in emergency repair of @entity2334 must be considered encouraging in terms of late outcome despite the in-hospital mortality of 42.1% and serious @entity260 in the surviving @entity1 . Moreover, our results show that @entity697 and the need for hemodialysis are predictive factors for mortality.

title: XXXX repair: clinical outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms', 'thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Emergency thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: The introduction of factor VIII and IX concentrates in the early 1960s brought a significant change in the hemophiliac's life. In consequence @entity447 treatment has been improving rapidly since, and today most life-threatening @entity548 are controlled by replacement therapy. @entity2720 through recurrent joint and muscle bleedings occurs later in life and is often limited to one joint only. Major surgery in hemophiliacs involves little more risk than in non-hemophilic @entity1 , provided of course there is close teamwork between surgeon and hematologist. The most frequent causes of @entity204 are no longer @entity548 but blood-product-associated @entity791 and @entity1578 . Fortunately these side effects have been overcome by the use of virus-inactivated concentrates which in Switzerland have been generally administered since 1986. Factor VIII and IX concentrates must contain a precisely declared quantity of factor VIII and IX activity respectively, with a high specific activity. High-purity concentrates should be preferred because of the hazardous effect of foreign proteins administered intravenously in large quantities over a long period. Activation of fibrinolysis with consequent failure of hemostasis or even worsening of @entity548 may be a clinically relevant side-effect of DDAVP therapy. When DDAVP is used for prophylactic treatment before surgery, an interval of one hour between the intravenous administration of DDAVP and surgery ensures the latter is performed at the time of highest factor VIII and @entity2880 factor level but with already decreased @entity3479 and fibrinolytic activity. If DDAVP is used in case of @entity548 or postoperatively, however, the whole fibrinolytic potential must be taken into account. In these cases subcutaneous administration is advantageous due to more protracted @entity3479 release and the subsequent lower fibrinolytic activity, which can more easily be neutralized by @entity927 . To prevent @entity2720 , correct replacement therapy in hemarthroses is essential: it should be performed as early as possible, preferably in a home therapy program; adequate levels of factor VIII or IX should be achieved and maintained over a sufficient length of time. Hemophiliacs who did not receive replacement therapy during childhood often need major surgery because of severely destructed joints. Joint replacement by total knee and hip prostheses has proved very successful if certain special conditions are fulfilled. Surgical indications should, however, be carefully considered and the possibilities and limits of replacement therapy should be well known. Blood-product-associated @entity99 will be of prognostic relevance in many hemophiliacs treated formerly with non-virus-inactivated concentrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Current clinical aspects in XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilic arthropathy', 'hemophilic arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity2880 :: ('MESH:D014842', 'Disease') :: ['von Willebrand']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: About 70% of the @entity1 operated on for a gastric bypass ( @entity356 [ @entity356 ]) suffer from dumping syndrome. In these @entity1 , previous studies have demonstrated a high glycemic variability with @entity4053 and with altered continuous @entity413 monitoring (CGM) profiles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with dietary counseling plus @entity11669 administration on the symptoms and on the characteristics of the CGM profile. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eight consecutive @entity1 with dumping syndrome were given dietary counseling for 6 weeks and also treated with @entity11669 (50-100   mg three times a day). Their symptoms and the features of the CGM were compared before and after treatment. RESULTS: The symptoms disappeared in seven @entity1 . There was a significant increase in the time to the interstitial @entity413 (IG) peak and a reduction in the rate of the IG increase after a meal and in the rate of the IG decrease following the peak. The time below 60   mg/dL was significantly decreased, and the minimal IG value was significantly increased. The maximum and mean IG levels and the time above 140   mg/dL were decreased, but not significantly. Six @entity1 spent more than 1% of the time with IG values below 60   mg/dL before treatment, but after treatment this was reduced to one @entity1 . Before treatment only one @entity1 had an IG level neither below 60 or above 140   mg/dL, and after treatment four @entity1 were in this category. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary counseling and @entity11669 treatment eliminated the symptoms and improved the CGM profile of @entity1 suffering from dumping syndrome after @entity356 .

title: Usefulness of @entity11669 and dietary modifications to limit glycemic variability following @entity356 as assessed by continuous XXXX monitoring.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['RYGB', 'Roux-en-Y gastric bypass']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of various biological, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors on @entity3010 ( @entity3010 ). DESIGN: Random-digit dialing technique. Of 7900 calls from all area codes, exchanges, and 2 digits known to be open in Virginia, with a pair of random digits, 1700 @entity1 were eligible for telephone interviews. A total of 874 @entity1 completed interviews, for a response rate of 67%. SETTING: State of Virginia. @entity1 OR OTHER @entity1 : All @entity1 between the ages of 18 and 44 years and living in Virginia between August 1 and September 15, 1994, were eligible. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on Menstrual Distress Questionnaire, biological variables, @entity146 , socioeconomic status, and menstrual and reproductive history. RESULTS: Of the 874 @entity1 , 8.3% (95% confidence interval, 6.4%-10.2%) experienced @entity3010 . Adjusted prevalence odds ratios for perceived stress and @entity167 intake were 3.7 and 2.5, respectively, in @entity1 with @entity3010 . @entity1 with @entity3010 were 2.9 times more likely to be physically active than @entity1 without @entity3010 . Younger @entity1 , black @entity1 , and @entity1 with longer menses were more likely to have @entity3010 . CONCLUSIONS: Scores on the stress scale and @entity167 intake support the concept that @entity3010 is stress related; intervention strategies to cope with stress may be effective. Further study will be required to determine the influence of race on @entity3010 and whether @entity1 with @entity3010 exercise more regularly than @entity1 without @entity3010 because they believe exercise is effective in attenuating their symptoms.

title: Biological, social, and behavioral factors associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity3010 :: ('MESH:D011293', 'Disease') :: ['PMS', 'premenstrual syndrome']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['lifestyle behaviors']

answer: @entity3010 :: (MESH:D011293,Disease) :: ['premenstrual syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5557 ( @entity5557 ), a @entity1610 , is usually associated with impaired cellular immunity. This study evaluates humoral immunity in @entity1 with @entity5557 . METHODS: The concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and IgG subclasses were studied in 20 @entity1 . Data for 5 additional @entity1 with recurrent @entity281 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Seven of the prospectively evaluated @entity1 (35%) had defective humoral immunity. Three @entity1 had @entity7491 . Four patients had @entity942 , accompanied by @entity7491 , @entity942 , or both in 3 patients. IgG4 was low in most @entity1 . Increased @entity281 were usually associated with supranormal IgG and IgG1 and subnormal IgA, IgG2, or IgG4 concentrations. One retrospectively reviewed @entity1 had severe @entity7893 , and 3 had multiple IgG subclass deficiencies. CONCLUSIONS: Humoral immunity is impaired in @entity5557 and contributes to the increased susceptibility to @entity281 .

title: Deficiency of humoral immunity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['metaphyseal chondrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5557 :: ('MESH:C535916', 'Disease') :: ['Cartilage-hair hypoplasia', 'CHH']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA deficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['IgG4 deficiency', 'IgG2 deficiency']

answer: @entity5557 :: (MESH:C535916,Disease) :: ['cartilage-hair hypoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Lymph node status is the most important prognostic factor in @entity5 . @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) procedures have been purported to reduce peri- and postoperative morbidity and operative time. METHODS: All @entity1 with surgically managed clinical FIGO stage IA/B1 @entity5 underwent @entity1600 followed by pelvic lymphadenectomy with @entity1136 +/- @entity12670 from April 2004 to April 2006. 0.1-0.2 mci of filtered @entity599 colloid @entity1136 was injected submucosally into 4 quadrants of the exocervix. @entity12670 (4cc) was only used if @entity1136 was unsuccessful in identifying bilateral sentinel lymph nodes. Serial microsections at 5 microm intervals were performed and stained intraoperatively. Complete pelvic node dissections were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 underwent @entity1600 , prior to full pelvic lymphadenectomy. Thirty-nine @entity1 were included for the purposes of this study. The incidence in detecting at least one sentinel node was 98% per @entity1 , and 85% per side. Identification of bilateral sentinel lymph nodes was successful in 28 cases (72%). The median number of @entity1600 /side was 2. Three @entity1 were found to have @entity3 to lymph nodes. No false negatives were identified. No adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1600 biopsy in @entity5 is feasible to do, with a low false negative rate. We believe @entity1600 should be evaluated per side and not per @entity1 , that a pelvic lymphadenectomy is otherwise required. By following this protocol, the false negative rate can be minimized. The combined reported FN rate in the literature is 1.8%. If our definition is applied, the majority of reported false negative @entity1600 is not actual false negatives.

title: Sentinel lymph nodes in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['Sentinel lymph node', 'SLN']

entities_list: @entity12670 :: ('MESH:C025484', 'Chemical') :: ['Lymphazurin', 'lymphazurin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15439 , a devastating @entity74 which combines @entity393 with @entity6391 , is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. @entity15439 ( @entity37305 ) is the most severe form, characterised by profound @entity393 and @entity394 . OBJECTIVE: To describe an efficient protocol which has identified the mutated gene in more than 90% of a cohort of @entity1 currently living in France. RESULTS: The five genes currently known to cause @entity37305 ( @entity30262 , @entity32807 , @entity31044 , @entity20053 , and @entity12269 ) were tested for. Disease causing mutations were identified in 31 of the 34 families referred: 17 in @entity30262 , 6 in @entity31044 , 6 in @entity20053 , and 2 in @entity32807 . As mutations in genes other than @entity30262 form nearly 50% of the total, this shows that a comprehensive approach to sequencing is required. Twenty nine of the 46 identified mutations were novel. In view of the complexity of the genes involved, and to minimise sequencing, a protocol for efficient testing of samples was developed. This includes a preliminary linkage and haplotype analysis to indicate which genes to target. It proved very useful and demonstrated consanguinity in several unsuspected cases. In contrast to @entity31044 and @entity20053 , where most of the changes are truncating mutations, @entity30262 has both nonsense and missense mutations. Methods for deciding whether a missense mutation is pathogenic are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic testing for @entity37305 is feasible with a high rate of detection and can be made more efficient by selecting a candidate gene by preliminary linkage and haplotype analysis.

title: Survey of the frequency of @entity37305 gene mutations in a cohort of Usher XXXX shows the importance of cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 genes and establishes a detection rate of above 90%.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome type 1', 'Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['recessive disorder']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['congenital hearing loss', 'hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2983 ( @entity3504 ) is widely used for the treatment of @entity31 , a remitting condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon. Knowledge about the molecular and cellular targets of @entity3504 is limited and a clear understanding of its activity in intestinal homeostasis and interference with @entity5 progression is lacking. We sought to identify molecular pathways interfered by @entity3504 , using CRC cell lines with different genetic background. Microarray was performed for gene expression profile of @entity3504 -treated and untreated cells (HCT116 and HT29). Filtering and analysis of data identified three oncogenic pathways interfered by @entity3504 : MAPK/ERK pathway, cell adhesion and @entity3546 /Wnt signaling. @entity14152 emerged as a consensus target of @entity3504 , orchestrating these pathways. We further investigated the effect of @entity3504 on cell adhesion. @entity3504 increased cell adhesion which was measured by cell adhesion assay and transcellular-resistance measurement. Moreover, @entity3504 treatment restored membranous expression of adhesion molecules @entity5962 and @entity3546 . Role of @entity14152 as a mediator of @entity2983 activity was validated in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of @entity14152 by RNA interference also increased cell adhesion. @entity14152 expression was elevated in @entity1412 (min) @entity1127 and @entity3504 treatment reduced its expression. Our data demonstrates novel pharmacological mechanism of @entity2983 in modulation of cell adhesion and role of @entity14152 in @entity1412 (min) @entity1412 . We propose that inhibition of @entity14152 expression by @entity3504 can impede with @entity5 progression in @entity14 . The mechanism of @entity14152 inhibition and induction of membranous translocation of adhesion proteins by @entity3504 might be independent of its known anti-inflammatory action.

title: XXXX modulates intercellular adhesion through inhibition of p-21 activated kinase-1.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'APC']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine', 'Mesalamine']

answer: @entity2983 :: (MESH:D019804,Chemical) :: ['Mesalamine']


abstract: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is commonly recommended for @entity1 with @entity3852 ( @entity3852 ). However, it is critically discussed whether survival rates improve by @entity1600 in @entity3852 @entity1 in general or in subgroups of higher risk (e.g. with @entity5 size >1  cm). The present study correlates clinical data, histology and lymph node status with follow-up and survival data to see if subgroups can be identified for modification of the current recommendations. The medical records of 47 @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity3852 treated between 1995 and 2010 at a German dermatosurgery department were reviewed. Nineteen @entity1 with excision of the @entity5 and @entity1600 were compared to 28 @entity1 with excision of the @entity5 but without @entity1600 . End-points of this study were disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). In addition, clinical course was correlated with @entity5 size and size of safety margin. The group of @entity1 who received @entity1600 showed a significant advantage in terms of @entity1349 (P  <  0.05), but not in terms of DFS. @entity5 of smaller size were associated with a significantly better DFS and a trend towards better @entity1349 . Comparing the groups with different safety margins (1-3  cm), no differences in DFS and @entity1349 could be found. Our data support the current recommendation for @entity1600 in all @entity3852 @entity1 and question the use of extensive safety margins in @entity3852 surgery. Larger prospective multicenter studies with multivariate analysis are needed to confirm whether a prolonged @entity1349 is really due to the @entity1600 procedure or biased by other factors.

title: XXXX : to biopsy or not to biopsy?

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['primary Merkel cell carcinoma', 'MCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLNB', 'Sentinel lymph node biopsy']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Sentinel lymph node in Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: The principal locomotory appendages of the @entity4079 caterpillar, the prolegs, are present on the third through sixth abdominal segments (anal prolegs located on the terminal segment were not included in this study). Previous studies have characterized some of the proleg retractor muscles and their motoneurons. In the present study we identified additional proleg motoneurons and their putative homologs in the non-proleg-bearing segments. One of the motoneurons present in the proleg-bearing segments is absent in the non-proleg-bearing segments. At pupation the prolegs are lost, their muscles degenerate, and some of their motoneurons regress structurally. Subsequently, subsets of the proleg motoneurons and their homologs in other segments die in a segment-specific pattern. This is the first report of segment-specific motoneurons, and of segment-specific @entity204 of identified motoneurons, in Manduca. During adult development the surviving proleg motoneurons innervate the tergosternal muscle (TSM) and grow bilateral @entity2343 . @entity851 is completed by about the 12th of the 18 days of adult development. Following adult emergence all but one of the respecified proleg motoneurons dies. The hormonal @entity734 of dendritic outgrowth was tested by isolating abdomens to eliminate the ecdysteroid-secreting glands in the thorax. Between the second and fifth days after pupation the motoneurons became progressively more competent to undergo dendritic outgrowth following abdomen isolation. The extent of dendritic outgrowth paralleled the degree of morphological development attained by isolated abdomens. It is concluded that @entity8827 are required for motoneuron outgrowth, but our findings suggest that, unless an abdominal source of ecdysteroids exists in pupae, a relatively small exposure may be sufficient.

title: Respecification of larval proleg motoneurons during metamorphosis of the XXXX , @entity4079 : segmental @entity734 and hormonal regulation.

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['Manduca sexta']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic growth']

entities_list: @entity8827 :: ('MESH:D026461', 'Chemical') :: ['ecdysteroids']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic arbors']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['tobacco hornworm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Whereas circulating levels of @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) have been associated with, for example, arterial stiffness, subclinical @entity731 and @entity209 , other inflammatory biomarkers with potential interest for these conditions may not be measurable systemically. The predictive value of salivary biomarkers in these contexts has remained largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to establish the association of different salivary biomarkers of @entity32 with subclinical @entity65 . METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals were included in the study. Saliva and plasma samples were collected, and each individual underwent carotid ultrasound and measures of pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Medical history of previous @entity65 , current medications and smoking were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS: Salivary levels of @entity1851 , leukotriene B4 (LTB4), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), @entity1011 and lysozyme were measured. Salivary levels of @entity1851 were significantly correlated with plasma levels (r=0.73, P<0.0001). In an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis, salivary @entity1851 was significantly and positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, BMI, @entity209 , waist-to-hip ratio and intima-media thickness. Increasing age and sex-adjusted salivary @entity1851 tertiles were in addition associated with carotid plaques. In a multivariate analysis, @entity1851 and @entity1495 were associated with intima-media thickness, LTB4 and @entity1421 with arterial stiffness, and lysozyme with @entity101 . CONCLUSION: Saliva may represent an alternative mean for evaluation of cardiovascular risk.

title: Inflammatory mediators in saliva associated with arterial stiffness and subclinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase 9']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Apathy is usually defined as reduced interest and participation in various activities. It is a frequent consequence of neurological and @entity146 . Although various scoring methods have been proposed, there is a lack of validated, standardised instruments for detecting apathy and assessing its severity. OBJECTIVE: To develop an apathy rating scale using a structured standardised interview capable of distinguishing between the condition's various features. METHODS: The Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) is based on a structured interview. It includes 33 items, divided into nine domains. Responses are scored on a dichotomous scale. The @entity1 used to validate the scale consisted of 159 @entity1 with probable @entity191 and 58 healthy control subjects. The Marin Apathy Scale, the Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the @entity303 Rating Scale were also administered. RESULTS: Principal component analysis showed that the LARS probed a single construct which forms the root of an oblique factor structure reflecting four dimensions: intellectual curiosity, self awareness, emotion, and action initiation. The main psychometric properties of the LARS (internal consistency, inter-rater and test-retest reliability) were satisfactory. Concurrent validity was evaluated by reference to the Marin scale and to judgements provided by expert clinicians. CONCLUSIONS: Standard validity indices showed that the LARS is sensitive and capable of distinguishing between apathy and @entity308 . As a screening tool, the scale is able to support dichotomous judgements accurately and, when greater measurement sensitivity is required, also determine the severity of apathy within a four category classification.

title: The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Mattis Dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: Immunhistochemistry using hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies (MAb's) directed against @entity5 associated antigens offers new approaches to morphological diagnosis of @entity5 , e.g. for classification and typing of @entity5 subtypes with different prognosis. Before in-vivo application of monoclonal antibodies in @entity1 for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes the tissue distribution of the antibody should be determined immunhistochemically for assessment of antibody sensitivity and specificity. The binding capacity of the newly developed MAb BW 494/32 to @entity788 tissues was therefore tested by immunhistochemistry, other benign and malignant intestinal and extraintestinal tissues served as controls. The MAb BW 494/32 showed positive immunoreactivity in all cases of ductal pancreatic @entity420 grading I to II (sensitivity: 100%). In grading III @entity189 the target antigen was only accessible in half of the tested specimens. Specificity was limited by a mostly weak immunoreactivity with normal pancreas tissue in 36%, with acute inflamed tissue in 100%, with inflamed tissue in chronic @entity788 in 71%. Extrapancreatic specificity was restricted by positive antibody binding to singular goblet cells of gastrointestinal epithelium. The well established antibody CA 19-9 was used for comparison. CA 19-9 showed about the same sensitivity of 88% (BW 494/32: 92%) for ductal pancreatic @entity420 grading I to III. Specificity of CA 19-9, however, was comparable more restricted, as CA 19-9 showed a significant cross-reactivity with other @entity344 (5 out of 6 @entity14 , 1/3 @entity189 of the common bile duct), with some extraintestinal @entity5 (breast 60%, lungs 50%) and with other non-cancerous tissues of intestinal origin. According to the results of this study it is worthwhile to investigate the antibody BW 494/32 for possible applications in experimental immunodiagnosis and -therapy of @entity788 .

title: [Immunohistochemistry in XXXX with new monoclonal antibodies].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers, 3/6 gastric carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity162 ( @entity162 ) remains a challenge due to the @entity66 . Current guidelines represent an effort to assist clinicians in routine practice but have several limitations, particularly concerning long-term treatment. The ARIQUELI (efficacy and tolerability of the combination of @entity1091 or @entity1770 in young bipolar non or partial responders to @entity1089 monotherapy) study aims to evaluate two different augmentation strategies for @entity1089 nonresponders or partial responders in acute and maintenance phases of @entity162 treatment. METHODS/DESIGN: The ARIQUELI study is a single-site, parallel-group, randomized, outcome assessor-blinded trial. @entity162 @entity1 according to the DSM-IV-TR, in @entity308 , @entity162 /hypomanic or mixed episode, aged 18 to 40  years, are eligible. After diagnostic assessments, @entity1 initiated treatment in phase I with @entity1089 . Nonresponders or partial responders after 8  weeks are allocated into one of two groups, potentiated with either @entity1091 (0.5 to 0.8  mEq/l) or @entity1770 (10 or 15  mg). @entity1 will be followed up for 8  weeks in phase I (acute treatment), 6  months in phase II (continuation treatment) and 12  months in phase III (maintenance treatment). Outcome assessors are blinded to the treatment. The primary outcome is the evaluation of changes in mean scores on the CGI-BP-M between baseline and the endpoint at the end of each study phase. DISCUSSION: The ARIQUELI study is currently in progress, with @entity1 undergoing acute treatment (phase I), potentiation (phase II) and maintenance (phase III). The study will be extended until January 2015. Trials comparing @entity1091 and @entity1770 with potentiate treatment in young @entity162 nonresponders to @entity1089 in monotherapy can provide relevant information on the safety of these drugs in clinical practice. Long-term treatment is an issue of great importance and should be evaluated further through more in-depth studies given that @entity162 is a @entity102 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01710163.

title: The ARIQUELI study: potentiation of @entity1089 in bipolar I nonresponders with XXXX versus @entity1770 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BD I', 'manic', 'bipolar disorder', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

answer: @entity1091 :: (MESH:D008094,Chemical) :: ['lithium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Distal @entity63 @entity39 of the flap remains an unsolved, challenging problem. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, which include the drug @entity7855 , are a relatively new class of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved medications whose effect on tissue viability has not been widely explored. The vasodilatory effects of these drugs have the potential to enhance blood flow to flaps and increase their survivability. The purpose of this study was to examine the short- and long-term effects of @entity7855 , administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 9 mg/kg per day, on the survival of surgical skin flaps in @entity35 . METHODS: A McFarlane-type random pattern skin (3 x 10-cm) flap model was used to evaluate the effect of @entity7855 on @entity39 at multiple time points. @entity35 were assigned to @entity7855 -treated (9 mg/kg per day intraperitoneally; n = 34), vehicle control (n = 35), or sham (no injection; n = 40) groups. In each group, caudally based, dorsal, rectangular (3 x 10-cm) flaps were created. Flap @entity39 was determined using orthogonal polarization spectral imaging and digital photography analysis on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 postsurgery. RESULTS: Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging results showed a significant decrease in @entity39 and @entity3179 in @entity35 treated with @entity7855 on days 1 and 3. Although reductions observed at days 5 and 7 were not as dramatic as days 1 and 3, digital photography analysis confirmed a decrease in the area of @entity39 at all time points evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PDE 5 inhibitors may play a more important role in early postoperative skin flap viability rather than at later time points and may be beneficial for skin flap viability as shown in the @entity35 model. PDE 5 inhibitors may reduce the extent of @entity39 after reconstructive surgeries.

title: Short- and long-term effects of XXXX on skin flap survival in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

answer: @entity7855 :: (MESH:C101426,Chemical) :: ['sildenafil']


abstract: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that means not all asthmatics respond to the same treatment. We hypothesize an approach to characterize @entity565 phenotypes based on symptomatology ( @entity1353 ( @entity1353 ), cough, and wheezy phenotypes) in correlation with airway inflammatory biomarkers and FEV1. We aimed to detect whether those clinical phenotypes have an impact on the response to @entity565 medications. Two hundred three asthmatic @entity1 were allocated randomly to receive either @entity5203 (5   mg at bed time) or @entity5023 (100   ug twice daily) for 8 consecutive weeks. Serum concentrations of IL-2Rs, @entity2071 , @entity4725 , total IgE, eosinophilic %, @entity11153 ( @entity11153 ), and FEV1 were done before and after treatment to @entity1 and once to controls. @entity1 who have @entity1353 were found to have higher levels of total sIgE, older age, and longer disease duration, and they responded to @entity5023 alone. Cough group was found to have higher levels of eosinophilic % and sECP, younger age, @entity66 duration and responded to montelukast alone. Wheezy group showed mixed pattern and responded to both medications. Conclusion. Although there is variability in response to ICS and LTRAs, we did identify characteristics of @entity1 that should guide the clinician in the choice of @entity565 medications.

title: Clinical XXXX phenotypes and therapeutic responses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['shorter disease']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath', 'SOB']

entities_list: @entity11153 :: ('6037', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil cationic protein', 'ECP']

entities_list: @entity5023 :: ('MESH:C065382', 'Chemical') :: ['fluticasone propionate', 'fluticasone']

entities_list: @entity5203 :: ('MESH:C093875', 'Chemical') :: ['montelukast']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with elevated @entity493 aminotransferase (ALT) levels among a sample of normal weight, overweight and @entity28 youth from two urban populations in Central Mexico. METHODS: Baseline data from 1262 youth aged 8-19 years who participated in the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study from March 2004 to April 2006 were reviewed, including 680 @entity1 and 582 @entity1 , with a total of 83 @entity1 with @entity42685 level (>40 U/L). Information was obtained from self-administered questionnaires, anthropometric results and clinical measurements. Associations of interest were examined using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 3.8% of @entity1 and 9.8% of @entity1 had @entity42685 levels. Elevated ALT was observed in 28.9% of the @entity28 and 14.2% of the overweight @entity1 . @entity209 ( @entity209 ) occurred in 6.1% of the study population and those with @entity209 had a high percentage of @entity42685 (14.5% of @entity1 and 40.0% of @entity1 , respectively). @entity1144 and insulin resistance were also associated with a greater risk of @entity42685 . CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and certain metabolic risk factors are important predictors for @entity42685 . Screening for ALT levels in @entity28 youth could help to identify those at risk and reduce the possibility of future @entity409 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of XXXX aminotransferase elevation among normal weight, overweight and @entity28 youth in Mexico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity42685 :: ('MESH:C536414', 'Disease') :: ['elevated ALT']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'Metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency, surface phenotype, and cytokine secretion of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) compared with both healthy control subjects and @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Eight-color flow cytometry was used to analyze the surface phenotype and cytokine production of PBMCs from 20 @entity1 with @entity1691 , 12 @entity1 with @entity309 , and 16 healthy control subjects, following stimulation ex vivo with @entity4514 and @entity1360 for 5 hours. Secretion of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) by PBMCs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, following stimulation with anti-CD3/ @entity1361 for 4 days. RESULTS: The percentages of @entity4155 -positive CD4+ T cells and @entity13236 -positive CD4+ T cells were increased in the PBMCs of both @entity1 with @entity1691 and @entity1 with @entity309 compared with healthy control subjects, whereas there were no differences in the percentages of @entity379 ( @entity379 )-positive or @entity688 -positive CD4+ T cells. Likewise, concentrations of @entity4155 in supernatants from @entity1 with @entity1691 were significantly higher compared with those from healthy control subjects. In @entity1 with @entity309 , the concentrations of @entity4155 were increased but not significantly. There was a correlation between the percentages of @entity4155 -positive CD4+ T cells detected in PBMCs and the amounts of @entity4155 in culture supernatants (r=0.414, P=0.0034). All @entity4155 -producing cells were CD4+CD45RO+; most expressed both @entity14284 and @entity16952 , but only 50% expressed the @entity14283 ( @entity14283 ). Nevertheless, there was a positive relationship between the percentage of @entity14283 -positive CD4+ T cells and the frequency of @entity4155 -positive CD4+ T cells or @entity13236 -positive CD4+ T cells (r=0.57, P<0.0001 and r=0.46, P=0.001, respectively). A significant proportion of cells that produced @entity4155 also produced @entity13236 and @entity379 , but none produced @entity688 . CONCLUSION: The frequencies of @entity4155 -positive and @entity13236 -positive CD4+ T cells were increased in PBMCs from @entity1 with @entity1691 and @entity1 with @entity309 , resulting in secretion of higher quantities of @entity4155 by PBMCs following stimulation. These data support the hypothesis that Th17 cells, particularly when present in excess of @entity688 -producing cells, are involved in the pathogenesis of @entity625 .

title: Frequency and phenotype of peripheral blood Th17 cells in XXXX and @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFNgamma', 'interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of @entity136 at a low dose of 250 mg/m(2) in 6h prolonged infusion with @entity900 in chemonaive @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight chemonaive @entity1 with stage IIIB or IV @entity1149 were included, 39 males and 19 females, with a median age 61 years (range 28-73). Thirty-four (58.6%) @entity1 had @entity420 , 18 (31.0%) squamous cell, and 6 (10.4%) others. Seventeen (29.3%) had stage IIIB and 41 (70.7%) stage IV. Treatment consisted of 250 mg/m(2) @entity136 in a 6h infusion on days 1 and 8, and @entity900 at 75 mg/m(2) on day 2 of a 3-week cycle. A total of 219 chemotherapy cycles were administered, with a median of 4 cycles per @entity1 (range 1-6). RESULTS: Of the 58 @entity1 enrolled, all were evaluated for @entity137 and 56 assessed for response. The overall response rate was 39.3% (95% confidence interval, 26.5-52.1%) with complete and partial responses of 3.6 and 35.7%, respectively. The median time to disease progression was 5.5 months (95% CI, 4.3-6.7 months), and median overall survival time was 10.5 months (95% CI, 8.5-12.5 months). One-year survival rate was 41.4%. Hematologic @entity137 was fairly mild, and grades 3-4 hematologic @entity137 consisted of @entity1398 in 18.9% of @entity1 , @entity882 in 10.3%, and @entity417 in 6.9%. No @entity1 required platelet transfusions, no @entity548 episodes were recorded, and three @entity1 received packed red blood cells (RBC) transfusions. The main nonhematologic @entity137 included grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 in 27.6% of @entity1 , grade 1-2 alopecia in 63.8%, and grade 1-2 skin rash in 17.3 %. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity136 in 6h prolonged infusion plus @entity900 is effective in @entity1149 treatment. @entity137 , especially myelosuppression, is remarkably mild.

title: Phase II trial of low-dose @entity136 in prolonged infusion and @entity900 for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: VlsE is a 35-kDa surface-exposed lipoprotein of @entity2069 that was shown previously to undergo antigenic variation through segmental recombination of silent vls cassettes with vlsE during experimental @entity19 @entity281 . Previous data had indicated that sera from North American @entity3001 @entity1 and experimentally infected animals contained antibodies reactive with VlsE. In this study, sera from @entity1 with @entity3001 , @entity1065 , and autoimmune conditions as well as from healthy controls were examined for reactivity with VlsE by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Strong Western blot reactivity to a recombinant VlsE cassette region protein was obtained consistently with @entity3001 sera. Although sera from @entity3001 @entity1 also reacted with a band corresponding to VlsE in @entity31350 -5A3, interpretation was complicated by low levels of VlsE expression in in vitro-cultured @entity2069 and by the presence of comigrating bands. An ELISA using recombinant VlsE was compared with an ELISA using sonically disrupted @entity2069 as the antigen. For a total of 93 @entity3001 @entity1 sera examined, the VlsE ELISA yielded sensitivities of 63% for culture-confirmed @entity8831 cases and 92% for later stages, as compared to 61 and 98%, respectively, for the "whole-cell" ELISA. The specificities of the two assays with healthy blood donor sera were comparable, but the VlsE ELISA was 90% specific with sera from @entity1065 @entity1 , compared to 20% specificity for the whole-cell ELISA with this group. Neither assay showed reactivity with a panel of sera from 20 non- @entity3001 @entity625 @entity1 or 20 @entity1252 @entity1 . Our results indicate that VlsE may be useful in the immunodiagnosis of @entity3001 and may offer greater specificity than ELISAs using whole @entity2069 as the antigen.

title: Human antibody responses to VlsE antigenic variation protein of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2069 :: ('139', 'Species') :: ['B. burgdorferi', 'Borrelia burgdorferi']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity8831 :: ('MESH:C538499', 'Disease') :: ['erythema migrans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity2069 :: (139,Species) :: ['Borrelia burgdorferi']


abstract: Chronic and recurrent @entity158 is experienced by many @entity1 and adolescents. Treatment of @entity1118 using a multidisciplinary approach has been found to be effective for treatment of @entity1118 . Parent satisfaction with treatment and treatment providers highly correlates to @entity1 's treatment adherence. Parents of @entity1 treated at a multidisciplinary @entity1118 clinic were interviewed following their initial appointment. Parents reported high satisfaction with treatment team members and with the treatment plan. Parents also reported appreciation of multidisciplinary structure, the high level of expertise of the team members, and the team members' genuine interest in treating their @entity1 . This increase in satisfaction when compared to previous treatment is important since increases in satisfaction may correlate with a reduction in experiences of @entity1118 . Parents reported high satisfaction with interactions with treatment team members and with the treatment plan provided for their @entity1 . Parents had appreciation of multidisciplinary team structure and the high level of expertise of the team members. This increase in satisfaction when compared to treatment from previous providers is important since increases in satisfaction may correlate with an increase in @entity1 's treatment adherence and a reduction in experiences of @entity1118 .

title: Parents' initial perceptions of multidisciplinary care for pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: A phase II trial of 5FU in modulation with intravenous high-dose @entity17185 and oral @entity1862 (HU) in advanced unresectable @entity157 ( @entity157 ). A total of 50 consecutive @entity1 , 38 males (76%) and 12 females (24%), with a mean age of 62 years (range 30-74) and a mean performance status of 80 (KI, range 60-90) were enrolled. The vast majority of @entity1 were therapy-naive, although two @entity1 (4%) had previous surgery and showed progressive disease at entry. No @entity1 had been previously treated with chemotherapy. Five @entity1 had previous hormonotherapy with @entity440 . Most @entity1 had disease limited to the liver while 12 @entity1 (24%) had also metastatic deposits outside the liver. The treatment plan included: @entity17185 100 mg/m2 diluted in 500 cc of normal saline over 2 hour infusion followed by 5FU 600 mg/m2 i.v. bolus. HU 1,000 mg/m2 was given by mouth in three refracted doses starting 6 hours after 5FU. A PR was recorded in only 5 @entity1 (10%; 95% CL 1%-34%) with a median duration of 5.7+ months (range 4.0/6.2 months), a stabilization in 15 (30%) with a median duration of 3.8 months, while 30 @entity1 progressed (60%). PR were seen at liver primary @entity5 in 4 cases and at soft tissue in 1 case. The median survival was 5.8 months (range 2.0/12.0+). The most frequent @entity137 were @entity1431 (32%), which however was mild (grade 1-2) in all cases, and grade 1-2 @entity882 observed in 15% of cases. Mild grade 1-2 vomiting was recorded in one third of @entity1 , and grade 1-2 @entity3136 in 15%. The combination of @entity1487 with @entity17185 and oral HU on a weekly schedule is largely inactive against unresectable or metastatic @entity157 and results are no better than historical data reported for 5FU alone.

title: @entity1487 plus high dose @entity17185 and oral XXXX for the treatment of primary @entity157 : results of a phase II multicenter study of the Southern Italy Oncology Group (G.O.I.M.).

entities_list: @entity17185 :: ('CHEBI:63606', 'Chemical') :: ['levofolinic acid']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyurea']


abstract: The development of @entity120 is one of the adverse factors in the outcome of @entity1 with @entity651 ( @entity651 ). The purpose of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and degree of @entity120 in a cohort of survivors of @entity651 stable in air. Pulmonary artery pressure was assessed using its inverse correlation with the ratio of time to peak velocity and right ventricular ejection time (TPV:RVET) as measured from Doppler velocity time signals in the main pulmonary artery. A normal ratio is > or = 0.35, a possibly low ratio lies between 0.31 and 0.35, and a definitely low ratio is < 0.31. The subjects were divided into three groups. Group A comprised 58 @entity1 with @entity26 dependence and an abnormal chest radiograph at 28 days of age; group B comprised 18 @entity1 with @entity26 dependence and a normal chest radiograph at 28 days of age; and group C (controls) comprised 21 siblings without @entity26 dependence by 10 days and a normal chest radiograph. There were significant differences in mean (SD) TPV:RVET ratio between group A 0.346 (0.045), group B 0.335 (0.057), and groups A + B 0.344 (0.048) when compared with group C controls 0.385 (0.034). The prevalence of a definitely low TPV:RVET ratio suggesting a raised pulmonary artery pressure was 19% in group A, 39% in group B, 24% in groups A + B, and none in group C. There were no clinical signs of @entity120 in any @entity1 studied. Stepwise multiple linear regression failed to find significant associations with antenatal or neonatal putative risk factors. Additionally, there were no associations with childhood @entity1576 . These data suggest a high prevalence of @entity120 in @entity651 @entity1 . It is speculated that occult hypoxaemia may be occurring in this group of @entity1 .

title: Subclinical persisting XXXX in chronic neonatal lung disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'subclinical pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['chronic neonatal lung disese', 'CNLD']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory morbidity']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: The length of a @entity301 is a significant predictor of @entity256 after balloon angioplasty. The influence of lesion length has not comprehensively been assessed after coronary stent placement. This study includes 2,736 consecutive @entity1 with coronary stent placement. Only @entity1 with recent or chronic occlusions before the intervention were excluded. @entity1 were divided in 2 groups: 573 @entity1 with long lesions (> or = 15 mm) and 2,163 @entity1 with @entity75 (< 15 mm). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the procedural success rate and incidence of subacute @entity715 . One-year event-free survival was lower in @entity1 with long lesions (73.3% vs 80.0%, p = 0.001). Six-month angiography was performed in 82.5% of the eligible @entity1 . The incidence of @entity256 (> or = 50% diameter stenosis) was higher in @entity1 with long lesions (36.9% vs 27.9%, p <0.001). Similarly, @entity1 with long lesions presented more late lumen loss than those with @entity75 (1.29 +/- 0.89 vs 1.07 +/- 0.77 mm, p <0.001). Multivariate models for both @entity256 and late lumen loss demonstrated that lesion length was an independent risk factor for @entity256 . The risk was further increased by multiple stent placement and overlapping stents that were also independent risk factors of @entity256 . Stented segment length did not show any independent effect. Therefore, long lesions represent an independent risk factor for @entity256 after coronary stent placement. The results of this study suggest that a possible way to reduce the risk is to cover the lesion with a minimal number of nonoverlapping stents.

title: Influence of lesion length on XXXX after coronary stent placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['short lesions']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'binary restenosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']