abstract: Using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of molecular models, we investigate the nature of water adsorption and desorption in slit pores with graphitelike surfaces. Special emphasis is placed on the question of whether water exhibits @entity17819 (i.e., condensation when the external pressure is below the bulk vapor pressure). Three models of water have been considered. These are the @entity4203 and @entity4203 /E models and a model where the @entity3884 bonding is described by tetrahedrally coordinated square-well association sites. The water- @entity505 interaction was described by the Steele 10-4-3 potential. In addition to determining adsorption/desorption isotherms, we also locate the states where vapor-liquid equilibrium occurs for both the bulk and confined states of the models. We find that for wider pores (widths >1 nm), condensation does not occur in the GCMC simulations until the pressure is higher than the bulk vapor pressure, P0. This is consistent with a physical picture where a lack of @entity3884 bonding with the @entity15583 surface destabilizes dense water phases relative to the bulk. For narrow pores where the slit width is comparable to the molecular diameter, strong dispersion interactions with both @entity505 surfaces can stabilize dense water phases relative to the bulk so that pore condensation can occur for P < P0 in some cases. For the narrowest pores studied--a pore width of 0.6 nm--pore condensation is again shifted to P > P0. The phase-equilibrium calculations indicate vapor-liquid coexistence in the slit pores for P < P0 for all but the narrowest pores. We discuss the implications of our results for interpreting water adsorption/desorption isotherms in porous carbons.

title: Does water condense in XXXX pores?

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity17819 :: ('MESH:C565384', 'Disease') :: ['capillary condensation']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) suffer from @entity323 ( @entity323 ) refractory to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, which act downstream of cavernous nerve (CN)-mediated release of @entity842 (NO). Direct delivery of NO to the penis could potentially circumvent this limitation. AIM: This study aimed to determine if topically applied NO-releasing nanoparticles (NO-NPs) could elicit erections in a @entity35 model of RP through increased blood flow. METHODS: Twenty-six @entity35 underwent bilateral transection of the CN. One week later, NO-NPs were applied topically to the penile shaft in @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) gel (10 animals) or coconut oil (6 animals). Control animals were treated with empty NPs. Erectile function was determined through the intracorporal pressure/blood pressure ratio ( @entity428 /BP). The effect of the NO-NPs on blood flow was determined using a hamster dorsal window chamber. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Animals were investigated for spontaneous erections, onset and duration of erectile response, and basal @entity428 /BP ratio. Microcirculatory blood flow was determined through measurements of arteriolar and venular diameter and red blood cell velocity. RESULTS: Eight of 10 animals treated with NO-NPs suspended in @entity3733 gel had significant increases in basal @entity428 /BP, and 6 out of these 10 animals demonstrated spontaneous erections of approximately 1 minute in duration. Time to onset of spontaneous erections ranged from 5 to 37 minutes, and they occurred for at least 45 minutes. Similar results were observed with NO-NPs applied in coconut oil. No erectile response was observed in control animal models treated with empty NPs. The hamster dorsal window chamber experiment demonstrated that NO-NPs applied as a suspension in coconut oil caused a significant increase in the microcirculatory blood flow, sustained over 90 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Topically applied NO-NPs induced spontaneous erections and increased basal @entity428 in an animal model of RP. These effects are most likely due to increased microcirculatory blood flow. These characteristics suggest that NO-NPs would be useful in penile rehabilitation of @entity1 following RP. Tar M, Cabrales P, Navati M, Adler B, Nacharaju P, Friedman AJ, Friedman J, and Davies KP. Topically applied NO-releasing nanoparticles can increase intracorporal pressure and elicit spontaneous erections in a @entity35 model of radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2014;11:2903-2914.

title: Topically Applied NO-Releasing Nanoparticles Can Increase Intracorporal Pressure and Elicit Spontaneous Erections in a XXXX Model of Radical Prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague Dawley rats']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: Object The loss of anatomical landmarks, frequently invasive @entity5 growth, and tissue changes make transsphenoidal reoperation of nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFAs) challenging. The use of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) may lead to improved results. The goal of this retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of iMRI on transsphenoidal reoperations for NFA. Methods Between September 2002 and July 2012, 109 @entity1 underwent reoperations in which 111 transsphenoidal procedures were performed and are represented in this study. A 1.5-T Magnetom Sonata Maestro Class scanner ( @entity5377 ) was used for iMRI. Follow-up iMRI scans were acquired if gross-total resection (GTR) was suspected or if no further removal seemed possible. Results Surgery was performed for @entity5 persistence and regrowth in 26 (23%) and 85 (77%) @entity1 , respectively. On the initial iMRI scans, GTR was confirmed in 19 (17%) @entity1 . Remnants were located as follows: 65 in the cavernous sinus (71%), 35 in the suprasellar space (38%), 9 in the retrosellar space (10%). Additional resection was possible in 62 (67%) @entity1 , resulting in a significant volume reduction and increased GTR rate (49%). The GTR rates of invasive @entity5 on initial iMRI and postoperative MRI (poMRI) were 7% and 25%, respectively. Additional remnant resection was possible in 64% of the @entity1 . Noninvasive @entity5 were shown to be totally resected on the initial iMRI in 31% of cases. After additional resection for 69% of the procedures, the GTR rate on poMRI was 75%. Transcranial surgery to resect @entity5 remnants was indicated in 5 (5%), and radiotherapy was performed in 29 (27%) @entity1 . After GTR, no recurrence was detected during a mean follow-up of 2.2    2.1 years. Conclusions The use of iMRI in transsphenoidal reoperations for NFA leads to significantly higher GTR rates. It thus prevents additional operations and reduces the number of @entity5 remnants. The complication rates do not exceed the incidences reported in the literature for primary transsphenoidal surgery. If complete @entity5 resection is not possible, iMRI guidance can facilitate @entity5 volume reduction.

title: Intraoperative high-field MRI for transsphenoidal reoperations of nonfunctioning XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenoma']


abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) and are preferentially expressed in innate immune cells. TLR-mediated activation of these cells activates the adaptive immune system. However, it has become clear that TLRs are not only expressed but also functionally active in CD4 T cells. The intestines are continuously exposed to TLR ligands, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a @entity2939 ligand, and @entity2939 is expressed higher in Th17 cells than @entity1198 and Th2 cells. In addition, development of Th17 cells in the gut mucosa is more dependent on gut microbiota than @entity1198 , Th2, and Treg. Thus, we examined whether LPS directly regulates Th17 differentiation. LPS directly stimulated Th17 differentiation in vitro. In Th17 cells, LPS increased phosphorylation of @entity2451 , resulting in an increase of @entity2451 , the processed form of @entity2451 , whereas it decreased phosphorylation of @entity23436 , leading to the up-regulation of @entity23436 . Subcutaneous injection of LPS increased the frequency of @entity4155 producing cells in inguinal lymph nodes, worsening @entity6503 ( @entity6503 ). Additionally, expression of @entity11709 , @entity2938 , @entity2939 , and @entity20040 was reduced upon T cell activation and LPS showed modest effect on @entity2939 expression. These findings provide the first evidence that @entity2939 activation directly regulate Th17 differentiation.

title: Lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates Th17 differentiation in vitro modulating phosphorylation of XXXX and @entity2451 .

entities_list: @entity6503 :: ('MESH:D004681', 'Disease') :: ['EAE', 'experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity23436 :: (5971,Gene) :: ['RelB']


abstract: An ion trap/time-of-flight (IT/ @entity215 ) mass spectrometer was developed and applied to @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ) studies of ions generated by electrospray ionization. A pulsed 10.6- micro m laser beam from a @entity515 laser was used for excitation of trapped ions. Results from @entity4785 of peptide ions show that this method provides useful information related to the @entity535 sequence of analyzed peptides. Comparative studies show that @entity4785 spectra are similar to those obtained using a 266-nm UV laser beam for excitation. However, in contrast to multiple-pulse excitation required at 266 nm, the energy of a single laser pulse in @entity4785 is sufficient to induce dissociation of peptide ions. The laser power is practically an exclusive parameter that must be controlled in order to obtain @entity4785 spectra that will provide the optimal structural information. It is further demonstrated that the @entity4785 IT/ @entity215 technique has the potential to probe the structural features of larger ions that cannot be readily fragmented by @entity4785 ( @entity4785 ). A multiply charged ion of @entity1641 cytochrome c is successfully fragmented in a single laser pulse experiment. The @entity4785 IT/ @entity215 technique is also shown to be a promising tool for studying dissociation kinetics of peptide and protein ions. Unlike other methods that usually monitor the dissociation ion kinetics in a dissociation time frame of greater than milliseconds, the IT/ @entity215 can promptly detect all product ions generated by the dissociation process, and thus monitor the dissociation process of peptides and proteins in a sub-millisecond time frame. This instrument allows us to determine the dissociation rates of cytochrome c ions using high-energy photoexcitation. It is found that the charge state of the protein ion has a significant effect on dissociation kinetics, which is consistent with that found under low-energy excitation experiments. It is shown that the increase in energy of a laser pulse from 130 to 180 mJ changes the dissociation rate constant for the +12 ion from k = 2.4 x 10(3) x s(-1) to k = 7.3 x 10(4) x s(-1). The +8 ion following excitation at 130 mJ dissociates slower with a rate constant of k = 2.6 x 10(2) x s(-1). The rate difference observed is attributed to conformational differences among the ions with different charge states.

title: Photoinduced dissociation of electrospray-generated ions in an ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer using a pulsed XXXX laser.

entities_list: @entity4785 :: ('MESH:D004213', 'Disease') :: ['IRMPD', 'collision-induced dissociation', 'infrared multiphoton dissociation', 'CID']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are little data available on the prevalence of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) in the United Kingdom. The Northern Ireland Cost and Epidemiology of @entity1030 (NICECOPD) study is a two-stage survey to examine the prevalence of @entity3885 in a general population sample in the Greater Belfast area. METHODS: In stage one 4000 subjects aged 40-69 years were selected at random from the general population. They were posted a short screening questionnaire concerning respiratory symptoms. Respondents were divided into 'symptomatic' and 'asymptomatic' groups according to their responses. In stage two, a sample of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects completed a more intensive assessment that included a detailed questionnaire on medical history, spirometry, skin @entity566 testing and serial peak flow measurements. Spirometric criteria for airflow obstruction were FEV1/FVC ratio of <70% with FEV1 < 80% predicted. Subjects were assigned diagnoses according to a pre-arranged protocol. RESULTS: The survey was conducted from May 1999 to May 2001. There was a 67% response rate to the stage 1 screening questionnaire and 1330 responders were identified as being eligible to take part in stage 2. In total, 722 subjects completed a detailed assessment (50.8% Male, symptomatic, n = 326; asymptomatic, n = 396). @entity1030 was diagnosed in 12.3% (8.8, 15.8) of the symptomatic and 2.2% (0.8, 3.6) of the asymptomatic group. The estimated prevalence of @entity3885 in the total population age 40-69 years was 14.4%: 6.3% @entity1030 ; 7.2% @entity565 ; 0.9% with indeterminate airflow obstruction. In @entity1 , the prevalence of @entity1030 varied from 4.9% in those aged 40-49 years to 12.3% in those aged 60-69 years and in @entity1 , varied from 1.4% in 40-49 years of age to 4.5% in 60-69 years. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that @entity1030 and @entity565 are common conditions in the general population and should inform future plans to address the @entity66 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in a general population sample: the NICECOPD study.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['burden of disease']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive lung disease']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease', 'COPD']

answer: @entity3885 :: (MESH:D008173,Disease) :: ['obstructive lung disease']


abstract: @entity302 surgery in childhood can now be more readily considered as a result of enhanced presurgical investigative techniques and safer neurosurgical practice. As in adults, surgery available may be resective (focal resection or hemispherectomy) or functional. The most common procedures are temporal lobectomy and hemispherectomy, with @entity66 and developmental @entity5 the next common pathology. The timing of surgery requires careful consideration, and the definition of drug resistance given specific thought in the young @entity1 . Presurgical evaluation should be noninvasive where possible, and should include optimised MRI, including 3D data set and video EEG telemetry to document @entity410 . Detection of temporal @entity75 in @entity1315 with @entity90 may be enhanced using quantitative and semiquantitative techniques. Ictal and interictal SPECT may be useful in providing information about the @entity410 onset zone, if reviewed in conjunction with @entity90 data and video-EEG. Interictal PET is more likely to demonstrate abnormalities relating to structural defects, but may be particularly useful in @entity1 where incomplete myelination may restrict structural information provided by MRI. Neuropsychology testing plays a major role by the determination of verbal and nonverbal function in older @entity1 , and in the determination of cerebral dominance. Functional MRI for determination of language or motor cortex may enhance such evaluation, although it is limited to older unsedated @entity1 at present. Although the aims of the presurgical evaluation remain similar to adult practice, the range of @entity1 presenting is wide, and the aims and likely outcome of surgery require careful evaluation with the family. This aside, the benefits of @entity410 elimination or reduction in drug-resistant focal @entity302 prior to adolescence, as well as in certain early @entity302 of childhood, remain self apparent.

title: XXXX surgery in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malformative lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lobe abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'catastrophic epilepsies', 'Epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: The integrin receptor alpha 4 beta 1 (also known as VLA-4) binds two different ligands, the endothelial cell surface protein @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) and the extracellular matrix component fibronectin. Three distinct sites in fibronectin are recognized by alpha 4 beta 1. Two of these (represented by peptides @entity7510 and @entity10718 ) are present in the alternatively spliced IIICS region and lie in separate, independently spliced segments of this region. A third site resides in the adjacent constitutively expressed HepII domain. Recombinant proteins containing the HepII domain and different splice variants of the IIICS have been generated and compared for their ability to mediate cell attachment, spreading and migration. The activity of these proteins has also been compared with that of a recombinant soluble form of @entity4725 (rsVCAM-1). All the recombinant proteins supported A375-SM @entity1 @entity320 cell attachment and spreading in an alpha 4 beta 1-dependent manner, but had varied adhesive activities with rsVCAM-1 > fibronectin variants containing the @entity7510 sequence > other fibronectin variants. Low concentrations of rsVCAM-1 and @entity7510 -containing fibronectin variants effectively supported cell migration in a trans-filter assay; however, cell motility was retarded at high concentrations of the same proteins. Fibronectin variants lacking @entity7510 supported little or no migration. To obtain further insight into the molecular basis of this varied adhesive activity, apparent dissociation constants for each of the recombinant proteins were measured using a solid phase receptor-ligand binding assay. The results revealed a hierarchy of ligand affinities that mirrored their adhesive activity (rsVCAM-1 > fibronectin variants containing @entity7510 > other fibronectin variants).

title: Integrin alpha 4 beta 1-mediated XXXX cell adhesion and migration on @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) and the alternatively spliced IIICS region of fibronectin.

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity1151 was surveyed in 500 serial autopsy records (1984-1989) in Nagoya University Hospital. This disease occurred in 77 cases (15.4%) and @entity1151 was the cause of @entity204 in 30 cases (6.0%). This incidence was higher than has previously been reported in Japan, and almost the same as the incidence reported is USA or Western Europe. @entity1031 was the major cause of this phenomenon in our series. Thirty-four cases were thrombo-embolized. @entity1211 in 15 cases resulted from intravenous catheter. @entity5 emboli were observed in 18 cases, bone or soft part @entity242 in 6 cases, @entity157 in 6 and @entity1358 in 3. Fungus emboli were observed in 19 cases. Aspergillus was the major cause of thrombi in 14 immunocompromised @entity1 . Six typical cases (1. post traumatic @entity1031 , 2. fatal @entity1031 due to catheter, 3. @entity5 embolism, 4. @entity364 , 5. @entity6703 and 6. bone @entity236 ) were discussed from the viewpoint of clinicopathology.

title: [Pathology of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['acute fatal pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow embolism']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid embolism']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thrombi']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['pulmonary embolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversy exists about the best treatment of unstable thoraco-lumbar (TL) burst @entity174 . @entity1513 correction and canal decompression in case of a @entity51 are recognized treatment objectives, and various conservative and surgical strategies have been proposed. This prospective observational study evaluates the benefits and risks of a posterior bisegmental transpedicular correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and @entity702 cage implantation in unstable TL junction burst @entity174 . METHOD: 20 consecutive @entity1 with a single-level traumatic unstable burst @entity174 at the TL junction were operated on by a bisegmental posterior correction/fixation, followed by anterior corpectomy and @entity702 cage implantation 7-10 days later. The radiological and clinical course is documented over a period of 24 months. FINDINGS: The mean posttraumatic loss of anterior vertebral body height was 58% (45-70%). The posttraumatic mean regional @entity1513 was 16 degrees and could be corrected by the posterior approach to a mean @entity1515 of 2 degrees. Mean secondary loss of the @entity1513 correction was 3 degrees over 24 months. No hardware failure occurred, and construct stability was observed in all 20 @entity1 . One surgical complication occurred during the posterior approach, and three transient surgical complications by the anterior approach. 12 of the 14 @entity1 with an initial @entity51 recovered an average of 1.5 grades on the ASIA scale. At 24 months postoperatively, the mean regional TL back @entity158 on a VAS (0-10) was 1.6, and the mean @entity158 at the anterior approach site was 1.2. CONCLUSION: Posterior bisegmental transpedicular correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and @entity702 cage implantation is a safe and reliable surgical treatment option in unstable TL junction burst @entity174 . The advantages of this technique are a complete @entity1513 correction, immediate stability, maintenance of @entity1513 correction, and complete spinal canal decompression in case of a @entity51 . However, these advantages have to be carefully weighed against the double approach morbidity.

title: Unstable burst XXXX of the thoraco-lumbar junction: treatment by posterior bisegmental correction/fixation and staged anterior corpectomy and @entity702 cage implantation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Factors affecting recurrence and survival after pulmonary resection for metastatic @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) are not well known. METHODS: Records of @entity1 undergoing pulmonary metastasectomy for @entity1418 between January 1976 and January 2000 were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 103 @entity1 (46 @entity1 and 57 @entity1 ). Median age was 60 years (range, 20 to 86). Malignant fibrous histiocytoma metastasis was solitary in 29 @entity1 (28%), multiple/unilateral in 33 (32%), and multiple/bilateral in 41 (40%). Median time interval from primary @entity5 resection to metastasectomy was 11 months (range, 0 to 86). Wedge resection was carried out in 87 @entity1 (84%), segmentectomy in 3 (3%), lobectomy in 3 (3%), pneumonectomy in 2 (2%), and a combination of resections in 8 (8%). Resection was complete in 93 @entity1 (90%). Complications occurred in 11 @entity1 (11%) and included prolonged air leak in 7, and @entity55 , @entity3509 , @entity891 , and @entity295 in 1 each. One @entity1 died (operative mortality, 1%). Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to 153 months (median, 18 months). Five-year survival was 21% (95% confidence interval, 14% to 31%). In the 103 @entity1 , incomplete resection (p < 0.0001) was associated with decreased survival. Among the 93 @entity1 with complete resection, factors associated with decreased survival included the presence of extrapulmonary disease at time of metastasectomy (p = 0.01), more than two nodules resected (p = 0.001), and adjuvant therapy after metastasectomy (p = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS: Pulmonary resection of metastatic @entity1418 is safe. Improved survival was associated with the absence of extrapulmonary disease at time of metastasectomy, with fewer than three pulmonary nodules resected, and with a complete resection.

title: Pulmonary resection for metastatic XXXX : an analysis of prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['MFH', 'malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity1418 :: (MESH:D051677,Disease) :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']


abstract: A biochemical study of dental pulp of @entity291 has been performed concerning: a) peroxydability b) A, E, C vitamins content c) glutation ( @entity2197 ) content d) presence of paramagnetic compounds e) phosphorylation ratio The dental pulp from incisors of 5-months-old @entity291 has been preserved. Immediately after decapitation the pulp was immersed in liquid @entity1568 . Chromatographic (HPLC) and spectroscopic (NMR-ESR) techniques have been used. @entity2197 in dental pulp are present and dosable (4.56 +/- 0.08 n moles/mg prot.) and @entity9492 (1.05 +/- 0.01 n moles/mg prot.). Because of blood traces in the extracted pulps, the AA. have determined the hemoglobin (Hb) dosage and @entity2197 of erythrocytic derivation (Fig. 1). After deduction of @entity2197 of erythrocytic derivation, the @entity2197 really present in the pulp was 4.41 n moles/mg prot. and the @entity9492 was 0.90 n moles/mg prot. Peroxydability of the dental pulp has been evaluated with Lowry method with dental pulp homogenate and @entity35 liver homogenate (see Table 1). The ESR spectre shows 4 resonances with the following values: g. 2.24-2.04-2.00-1.97; there are some free intermediary radicals (gr.-2.00) (Fig.2). The NMR spectre shows the presence of @entity855 (0.22 n moles/g) of inorganic @entity1391 (16.58 n moles g) (Fig.3). The pulp seems to have a lot of antioxidant factors. The next researches will be to study E, A and C vitamins concentrations. This high presence of @entity2197 and @entity9492 may be an embryonic peculiarity.

title: [Biochemical study of the dental pulp in the XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe an unusual symptom characterized by an inability to stand still despite the ability to walk in eight @entity1 with paraparesis due to @entity1897 . DESIGN: Case series during the past 18 years. SETTING: Referral center. @entity1 : Six @entity1 with acute or subacute @entity305 recovering from flaccid paralysis of the lower limbs and two @entity1 with chronic progressive @entity305 for more than 10 years were studied. Weakness around the ankle joints was profound, while muscle strength around the @entity572 was well recovered or preserved. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standing and walking were recorded and reviewed on videotape or motion pictures. Spectral content of postural sway was analyzed in three recent cases. RESULTS: The symptom was transient in acute or subacute cases and was continual in chronic cases. The @entity1 were compelled to take a series of steps forward and backward while standing until they initiated locomotion. They swayed rapidly around the @entity572 before stepping. The anteroposterior component of postural sway in three @entity1 had frequency peaks around 1 Hz. CONCLUSION: We have termed this symptom @entity13299 without abasia, or stilts phenomenon, in which maintenance of the body mass depends on a moving base of support. Both an abnormal pattern of postural movements and defective somatosensory feedback for postural stabilization may be responsible for the symptom.

title: XXXX without abasia due to @entity1897 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip joints']

answer: @entity13299 :: (MESH:D003291,Disease) :: ['Astasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) with an infrared micropulse diode laser with that of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) for macular @entity4 secondary to branch @entity2994 (BRVO). DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty-six @entity1 (36 eyes) were randomized either to infrared @entity34 (17 eyes) or to krypton @entity34 (19 eyes). METHODS: Complete ophthalmic examinations, including determination of @entity227 ( @entity227 ) with Early Treatment @entity6 Study charts, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and @entity941 angiography, were performed at the time of the study entry and at 6-month intervals, with a planned follow-up of 24 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: decrease in mean foveal thickness (FT) on OCT. Secondary: changes of the total macular volume ( @entity21104 ) over the follow-up, proportion of eyes that gained at least 10 letters (approximately > or =2 lines of @entity227 ) at the 12- and 24-month examinations, and timing of macular @entity4 resolution. RESULTS: Changes in mean FT and @entity21104 from the initial values were statistically significant for @entity34 from the 6-month examination (P<0.001) and for @entity34 from the 12-month examination (P<0.001). After 1 year, there was no difference in mean FT and @entity21104 between the 2 groups. At the 12-month examination, 10 @entity1 of the @entity34 group (59%) and 11 of the @entity34 group (58%) gained at least 10 letters (2 lines) in @entity227 . At the 24-month examination, this gain was achieved by 11 @entity1 (65%) of the @entity34 group and 11 (58%) of the @entity34 group. Moreover, at the 24-month examination 59% and 26% gained 3 lines in the @entity34 and @entity34 groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of macular @entity4 and @entity227 improvement are similar to those obtained with conventional @entity34 , but @entity34 is not associated with biomicroscopic and angiographic signs. A multicenter randomized clinical trial would be needed to ascertain the real efficacy and the most appropriate settings of @entity34 for macular @entity4 secondary to BRVO.

title: Subthreshold grid laser treatment of macular @entity4 secondary to branch XXXX with micropulse infrared (810 nanometer) diode laser.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VA gain', 'visual acuity', 'VA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['subthreshold grid laser treatment', 'TGLT', 'SGLT', 'threshold grid laser treatment']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: The Vitatex cell-adhesion matrix (CAM) platform allows for isolation of invasive circulating @entity5 cells (iCTCs). Here we sought to determine the utility of @entity27425 ( @entity27425 ) as a metastatic castration-resistant @entity263 (mCRPC) iCTC biomarker, to identify solitary cells and clusters of iCTCs expressing either epithelial, mesenchymal, or stem cell markers, and to explore the feasibility of iCTC epigenomic analysis. CTCs were isolated and enumerated simultaneously using the Vitatex and CellSearch platforms in 23 @entity1 with mCRPC. CAM-avid iCTCs were identified as nucleated cells capable of CAM uptake, but without detectable expression of @entity1583 ( @entity1583 ) markers including CD45. iCTCs were enumerated immunocytochemically (ICC) and by flow cytometry. Whole-genome methylation status was determined for iCTCs using the Illumina HumanMethylation27 BeadChip. Thirty-four samples were collected for iCTC analysis. A median of 27 (range 0-800) and 23 (range 2-390) iCTCs/mL were detected by ICC and flow, respectively. In a subset of 20 samples, a median of seven CTCs/mL (range 0-85) were detected by the CellSearch platform compared to 26 by the CAM platform. iCTC clusters were observed in 17% of samples. iCTCs expressing @entity27425 as well as markers of EMT and @entity3308 were detectable. The iCTC methylation profile highly resembled mCRPC. More CTCs were recovered using the CAM platform than the CellSearch platform, and the CAM platform allowed for the detection of iCTC clusters, iCTCs expressing EMT and stem-cell markers, and characterization of the iCTC methylome. Correlation with clinical data in future studies may yield further insight into the functional significance of these findings.

title: Detection and characterization of invasive circulating @entity5 cells derived from @entity1 with metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27425 :: ('2346', 'Gene') :: ['PSMA', 'prostate-specific membrane antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic lineage', 'HL']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: It has recently been reported that the use of halogenated agents during balanced general anesthesia may result in an increase in @entity190 associated with cesarean section. This report has been criticized for failure to control for a variety of other factors that may have contributed to the increased @entity190 , particularly the indication for and type of cesarean section. The present study was designed in an attempt to resolve this criticism. @entity190 was evaluated in uncomplicated @entity1 undergoing elective repeat cesarean section under either general anesthesia using a halogenated agent ( @entity5161 ) or regional anesthesia (spinal/epidural). All 117 singleton term, nonlaboring @entity1 underwent repeat low transverse cesarean section performed through a midline abdominal incision. Exclusion criteria included maternal medical complications, abnormal placentation, @entity2978 , presence of uterine @entity2909 , and intraoperative complications. Seventy-five @entity1 (64%) received regional and 42 (36%) received general anesthesia. A greater proportion of @entity1 undergoing general anesthesia experienced a postoperative decrease in hematocrit of 5 vol% or more compared with @entity1 receiving regional anesthesia (10 of 42 versus 5 of 75, p = 0.018). Thus, we conclude that @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated elective repeat cesarean section under general anesthesia supplemented with a halogenated agent are at risk for increased @entity190 compared with those @entity1 receiving regional anesthesia. However, the increased @entity190 was not clinically significant in this study, since none of the @entity1 required transfusion.

title: Effect of type of anesthesia on XXXX at elective repeat cesarean section.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss', 'Blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Little is known about the symptom profile of @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) in individuals who have @entity72 ( @entity72 ). It is also unknown whether self-report questionnaires are useful in measuring @entity3119 in @entity72 . We sought to describe the symptom profiles of adults with @entity72 , @entity3119 , and @entity72   +   @entity3119 using the Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R), and to assess the utility of the OCI-R as a screening measure in a high-functioning adult @entity72 sample. Individuals with @entity72 (n   =   171), @entity3119 (n   =   108), @entity72   +   @entity3119 (n   =   54) and control @entity1 (n   =   92) completed the OCI-R. Individuals with @entity72   +   @entity3119 reported significantly higher levels of obsessive-compulsive symptoms than those with @entity72 alone. @entity3119 symptoms were not significantly correlated with core @entity72 repetitive behaviors as measured on the ADI-R or ADOS-G. The OCI-R showed good psychometric properties and corresponded well with clinician diagnosis of @entity3119 . Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested cut-offs for OCI-R Total and Checking scores that discriminated well between @entity72   +   versus - @entity3119 , and fairly well between @entity72 -alone and @entity3119 -alone. @entity3119 manifests separately from @entity72 and is characterized by a different profile of repetitive thoughts and behaviors. The OCI-R appears to be useful as a screening tool in the @entity72 adult population. @entity2438 Res 2015, 8: 477-485.    2015 International Society for @entity2438 Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity3119 in Adults with High-Functioning XXXX Spectrum Disorder: What Does Self-Report with the OCI-R Tell Us?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity2438 :: (MESH:D001321,Disease) :: ['Autism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the anatomical alterations of the pancreas required for transplantation on pulsatile insulin secretion. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreas transplantation involves anatomical changes that have unknown consequences on @entity413 homeostasis. Pancreas transplant @entity1 are free of exogenous insulin requirements, yet appear to have @entity3190 . The effect of surgical alterations on posttransplant insulin release is not completely known, specifically with regards to possible alterations in patterns of pulsatile release. METHODS: Pulsatile and invariant basal insulin secretion was studied in normal @entity235 (n = 4) and three @entity235 models of the anatomical alterations of pancreas transplantation: 70% partial pancreatectomy (PPX, n = 4), partial pancreatectomy with splenocaval venous diversion (SC, n = 4), and partial pancreatectomy with remnant autotransplantation (PAT, n = 4). Plasma insulin kinetics were determined for each @entity235 , and then blood sampled at 1-minute intervals in a fasted and IV @entity413 -stimulated state twice to delineate the time structure of insulin secretion by multiple parameter deconvolution analysis utilizing @entity235 -specific insulin half-lives. RESULTS: Fasting plasma @entity413 concentrations in each group were similar, but all surgical groups were @entity1602 with IV @entity413 challenge. Secretory pulse amplitude was decreased with decreased beta cell mass (PPX), partially normalized with systemic insulin release (SC), and further normalized with denervation (PAT). Interpulse interval and pulse duration were increased in all surgical groups when stimulated. Denervation of PAT resulted in a threefold increase in fasting basal invariant insulin secretion. Stimulated basal insulin secretion is inconsequential. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3190 and apparent insulin insensitivity after pancreas transplantation may be due to increased less potent basal secretion in the fasting state and less frequent, less discrete pulsatile insulin secretion in the simulated state.

title: Pathophysiology of @entity3190 following pancreas transplantation: altered pulsatile versus Basal insulin secretion and the role of specific transplant anatomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'endogenous hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity712 have an excessive ventilatory response to exercise, characterised by an increase in the slope of the relation between ventilation and @entity544 production (VE/VCO2 slope). @entity1 have an altered respiratory pattern with an increased respiratory rate (f) at a given tidal volume (VT), which may result in increased anatomical dead space ventilation. METHODS: The ventilatory responses in 88 @entity1 with @entity712 and 43 age matched controls during maximal incremental treadmill exercise were analysed. Peak @entity26 consumption (VO2), VE/VCO2 slope, and the slope of the relation between f and VT were derived. Anatomical dead space was estimated from a standard formula and anatomical dead space ventilation calculated. RESULTS: Peak VO2 was greater (mean (SD)) (33.2 (8.5) v 19.4 (6.7) ml/min/kg; P < 0.001) and the VE/VCO2 slope lower in the controls (25.96 (4.16) v 35.14 (9.80); P < 0.001). During matched submaximal exercise VT was higher (1.97 (0.92) v 1.68 (0.62) 1; P < 0.05) and flower in the controls (18.23 (6.48) v 24.28 (7.58); P < 0.001). At peak exercise there was no difference in f, but VT was higher in the controls (2.66 (0.97) v 1.90 (0.61) 1; P < 0.001). The VT/f slope was the same (0.04 (0.04)) in both groups. The intercept of the relation was greater for the control group (1.31 (1.28) v 0.59 (0.83); P < 0.001). Anatomical dead space ventilation was lower in the controls at submaximal work load (4.17 (1.56) v 5.58 (1.93) l/min; P < 0.001). At peak exercise anatomical dead space ventilation was the same in both groups, but was lower expressed as a percentage of total VE in the control group (9.8 (3.3) v 13.5 (4.0); P < 0.001). There were weak relations within the @entity712 group alone between VT/f slope and peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between anatomical dead space ventilation and VE/VCO2 slope is expected: as f increases, so do VE/VCO2 slope and anatomical dead space ventilation. The VT/f slope was the same in @entity1 with @entity712 and controls, so change in respiratory pattern cannot explain the increase in VE/VCO2 slope. The stimulus causing the increased f has yet to be identified.

title: Anatomical dead space, ventilatory pattern, and exercise capacity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: Molecular abnormalities in the epithelial cells of @entity46 and their relevance to carcinogenesis of the ovary have been well studied. On the other hand, the differences of proinflammatory microenvironments between @entity43 have not been well documented yet. In this study, the expression patterns of CXC chemokines ( @entity687 , @entity18974 , @entity2851 , @entity372 , @entity373 , and @entity1570 ) and their receptors ( @entity7416 , @entity366 , and @entity436 ) were compared among 12 @entity43 , 8 @entity46 , and 6 normal ovaries using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The @entity366 -mediated signaling in @entity43 cells in vitro was also investigated. In quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, @entity18974 was up-regulated both in @entity189 , whereas @entity372 was detected exclusively in @entity189 . @entity366 was up-regulated both in @entity189 and @entity46 . However, immunohistochemical studies revealed that the localization of @entity366 in @entity189 was distinctively different from that in @entity46 . In @entity189 coexisting cases, @entity366 -positive lymphocytes in benign lesions decreased in proportion as @entity366 -positive @entity5 cells replaced the tissues. @entity366 was also detected in @entity43 cell lines in vitro. Administration of @entity379 )-inducible chemokines induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation in these @entity189 cells. The results indicated that CXC chemokines might contribute to the progression of @entity43 and @entity46 in different manners. Aberrant expression of @entity379 -inducible chemokines and @entity366 in @entity189 cells in association with reduced @entity366 -positive immune cells raised the possibility that @entity379 -inducible chemokines might not exert effective antitumor immune responses but that they might work in favor of @entity5 progression.

title: Up-regulation of CXC chemokines and their receptors: implications for proinflammatory microenvironments of @entity43 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas', 'ovarian carcinoma', 'endometriosis and ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma-endometriosis', 'carcinomas', 'endometriosis and carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon gamma (IFN-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Since the introduction of targeted therapies, specific @entity706 has decreased. Possible long-term @entity137 , however, are not known yet. This article describes the implementation of the SIMONAL study that investigates the hypothesis of an overconsumption of care after @entity706 treatment with a 10-year follow-up. METHODS: After the mandatory regulatory steps (CCTIRS and @entity62122 ) the vital status and address of 5247 @entity1 treated in 131 French centers were retrieved using a secure web portal, in order to send a quality of life after @entity706 questionnaire. After an additional vital status validation request at the center for epidemiologic research and population health (CESP), the questionnaires were sent. Double data entry was performed on the collected data and a request to access data from France's public health insurance scheme information system (SNIIRAM) was formulated. RESULTS: Retrieval of the addresses via the portal has been slow and multiple reminders were needed. The CESP identified 9.4  % additional deaths not known by the treatment centers. Of the 3391 questionnaires sent, the response rate was 50%. A comparison between the responders and non-responders revealed no demographic differences but showed that the responders were more often treated with targeted drugs as they were included in more recent trials. DISCUSSION: Logistic and information technology (IT) aspects rendered the implementation of the SIMONAL study more complex, time consuming and costly. However, using the collected data, many future research questions will be addressed.

title: [Conduct of epidemiologic studies in French cancer survivors: Methods, difficulties encountered and solutions provided. Lessons learned from the SIMONAL study on long-term XXXX after non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'lymphoma mortality']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicities']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity26126 (INS) resistance associated with hyperestrogenemias occurs in @entity6 , @entity3610 , @entity43 , @entity172 therapies, @entity209 , and @entity28 . The mechanism by which INS and @entity172 interact is unknown. We hypothesize that @entity172 binds directly to INS and the @entity6162 ( @entity6162 ) producing INS resistance. OBJECTIVES: To determine the binding constants of @entity134 hormones to INS, the @entity6162 , and INS-like peptides derived from the @entity6162 ; and to investigate the effect of @entity172 on the binding of INS to its receptor. METHODS: Ultraviolet spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis, and NMR demonstrated @entity172 binding to INS and its receptor. @entity1641 -radish peroxidase-linked INS was used in an ELISA-like procedure to measure the effect of @entity53 on binding of INS to its receptor. MEASUREMENTS: Binding constants for @entity172 to INS and the @entity6162 were determined by concentration-dependent spectral shifts. The effect of @entity53 on INS binding to its receptor was determined by shifts in the INS binding curve. MAIN RESULTS: @entity53 bound to INS with a K d of 12       10(-9)   M and to the @entity6162 with a K d of 24       10(-9)   M, while other hormones had significantly less affinity. Twenty-two nanomolars of @entity53 shifted the binding curve of INS to its receptor 0.8 log units to the right. CONCLUSION: @entity53 concentrations in @entity751 may interfere with INS binding to its receptor producing significant INS resistance.

title: @entity53 Binds to @entity26126 and @entity6162 Decreasing XXXX Binding in vitro.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', 'estradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['hyperestrogenemic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity26126 :: (100060077(Tax:9796),Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: A detailed family history provides an inexpensive alternative to genetic profiling for individual risk assessment. We updated the PCPT Risk Calculator to include detailed family histories. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 55,168 @entity263 cases and 638,218 controls from the Swedish @entity5 Database who were 55 years old or older in 1999 and had at least 1 male first-degree relative 40 years old or older and 1 female first-degree relative 30 years old or older. Likelihood ratios, calculated as the ratio of risk of observing a specific family history pattern in a @entity263 case compared to a control, were used to update the PCPT Risk Calculator. RESULTS: Having at least 1 relative with @entity263 increased the risk of @entity263 . The likelihood ratio was 1.63 for 1 first-degree relative 60 years old or older at diagnosis (10.1% of @entity5 cases vs 6.2% of controls), 2.47 if the relative was younger than 60 years (1.5% vs 0.6%), 3.46 for 2 or more relatives 60  years old or older (1.2% vs 0.3%) and 5.68 for 2 or more relatives younger than 60 years (0.05% vs 0.009%). Among @entity1 with no diagnosed first-degree relatives the likelihood ratio was 1.09 for 1 or more second-degree relatives diagnosed with @entity263 (12.7% vs 11.7%). Additional first-degree relatives with @entity0 , or first-degree or second-degree relatives with @entity263 compounded these risks. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed family history is an independent predictor of @entity263 compared to commonly used risk factors. It should be incorporated into decision making for biopsy. Compared with other costly biomarkers it is inexpensive and universally available.

title: Incorporation of Detailed Family History from the Swedish XXXX Database into the PCPT Risk Calculator.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Family Cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Family Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Sensate reconstruction with glabrous skin is essential for ideal resurfacing of fingertip and @entity154 . The purpose of this study was to examine the palmar pivot flap as a reconstructive option for fingertip and @entity154 . METHODS: We used the palmar pivot flap to repair fingertip and @entity154 in 21 consecutive @entity1 . Outcomes measured included range of motion of the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, sensation, @entity158 , cold intolerance, and percussion tenderness. We assessed @entity1 satisfaction with the aesthetic outcome using the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. RESULTS: All flaps survived. We achieved complete mobility at the distal interphalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. Sensory recovery was demonstrated in all flaps within 2 weeks postoperatively. No painful @entity3455 were reported at an average follow-up of 11 months. All flaps had mild cold intolerance, and 1 @entity1 reported mild percussion tenderness. All @entity1 were satisfied with the appearance of the reconstructed fingertips. CONCLUSIONS: The palmar pivot flap can provide sensate glabrous skin for the effective reconstruction of fingertip and @entity154 , resulting in aesthetically pleasing and good functional outcomes.

title: Aesthetic and functional reconstruction of fingertip and XXXX with pivot flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['pulp defects']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['pulp defects']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to use functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the immediate changes in functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions that process and modulate the @entity158 experience after 3 different types of manual therapies (MT) and to identify reductions in experimentally induced @entity925 and changes in local and remote pressure @entity158 sensitivity. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 (17 @entity1 ; mean age    SD, 21.6    4.2 years) who completed an exercise-injury protocol to induce @entity1643 were randomized into 3 groups: chiropractic spinal manipulation (n = 6), spinal mobilization (n = 8), or therapeutic touch (n = 10). The primary outcome was the immediate change in FC as measured on functional magnetic resonance imaging between the following brain regions: somatosensory cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, thalamus, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, @entity1347 , and periaqueductal gray. Secondary outcomes were immediate changes in @entity158 intensity, measured with a 101-point numeric rating scale, and @entity158 sensitivity, measured with a handheld dynamometer. Repeated-measures analysis of variance models and correlation analyses were conducted to examine treatment effects and the relationship between within- @entity1 changes across outcome measures. RESULTS: Changes in FC were found between several brain regions that were common to all 3 MT interventions. Treatment-dependent changes in FC were also observed between several brain regions. Improvement was seen in @entity158 intensity after all interventions (P < .05) with no difference between groups (P > .05). There were no observed changes in @entity158 sensitivity, or an association between primary and secondary outcome measures. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that MTs (chiropractic spinal manipulation, spinal mobilization, and therapeutic touch) have an immediate effect on the FC between brain regions involved in processing and modulating the @entity158 experience. This suggests that neurophysiologic changes after MT may be an underlying mechanism of @entity158 relief.

title: Immediate changes after manual therapy in resting-state functional connectivity as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with induced @entity1643 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior and poster insula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['participants']


abstract: The correlations between semi-automated sputum cytometry (ASC), conventional cytology and the final diagnosis was investigated in industrially-exposed workers. Slides of sputum samples from 201 former uranium miners with silicosis, 100 @entity1 with @entity1355 , 103 workers resected for @entity2 , and 200 controls (50% smokers), were stained using the Papanicolaou (Pap) method and the Feulgen reaction with @entity10502 . Cytometry was performed using the Cyto-Savant automated system. Atypical nuclei were found in 72 of 404 @entity1 samples, 327 samples were normal and five were inadequate for ASC analysis. Thirteen @entity5 ( @entity10784 , Pap V) and 11 cases of severe @entity1141 were identified by cytology. @entity2 was confirmed in 20 @entity1 . Compared to the final diagnosis of @entity2 , the sensitivity of ASC was 75% (15 out of 20) and specificity 89.8% (520 out of 579). The results represent a diagnostic efficiency of 89.3%. The combination of ASC with cytology increased sensitivity to 80% (16 out of 20) without significant loss of specificity (89.7% or 523 out of 581). In this investigation of a limited number of @entity1 with occupational radon or asbestos exposure, semi-automated sputum cytometry appears to be sensitive and reliable for the detection of malignant changes in the tracheobronchial mucosa. Together with conventional cytology, it would be reasonable to test the validity of the combined methods in a large-scale feasibility study of early @entity2 detection.

title: Can semi-automated image cytometry on induced sputum become a screening tool for XXXX ? Evaluation of quantitative semi-automated sputum cytometry on radon- and uranium-exposed workers.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestosis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Diffuse large @entity1892 (DLBCL) and extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL) are @entity146 . ENTKL is very rare in the United States and often affects the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; DLBCL, although more common, rarely occurs in these locations. Our study aims to compare incidence and survival of these @entity706 in the sinonasal cavity. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the United States National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. METHODS: The SEER database was searched for @entity1 diagnosed with sinonasal ENKTL and DLBCL between 1973 and 2011. Data analyzed included @entity1 demographics, incidence, treatment modality, and survival. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-eight sinonasal ENKTL (SN-ENKTL) cases and 1,054 sinonasal DLBCL (SN-DLBCL) cases were identified. The mean ages at diagnosis for SN-ENKTL and SN-DLBCL were 51.7 and 67.8 years, respectively (P   =   0.0001). Overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rates for SN-DLBCL were 85.5%, 63.5%, and 44.0%, compared to 66.4%, 30.9%, and 9.2% for SN-ENKTL, respectively (P   <   0.0001). For @entity1 matched for stage, age, and treatment modality, the 1-, 5-, and 10-year DSS for the SN-DLBCL group was 94.4%, 72.8%, and 46.8%, respectively, whereas the respective survival rates for the SN-ENKTL group were 77.6%, 38.4%, and 13.9%, respectively (P   <   0.0001 at each time interval). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study represents the only population-based comparison between SN-DLBCL and SN-ENKTL. SN-DLBCL has a better prognosis regardless of gender, stage, treatment modality, and age. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b. Laryngoscope, 2014.

title: A comparative population-based analysis of sinonasal diffuse large B-cell and extranodal NK/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphomas']


abstract: We examined 40 autopsy cases of @entity358 which were defined by occupational history, lung @entity82 and asbestos bodies (ABs) to clarify histopathological features. Thirty four @entity1 were males and six were females. The mean age was 64.1 +/- 1.6. Gross findings of 39 cases (one case was examined only microscopically) showed that @entity456 in 31/39, visceral @entity456 in 37/39, and @entity456 in 26/33 except of 6 cases with severe @entity1104 . Four cases had no or only mild @entity456 or @entity456 , and no @entity456 . Grossly, lung @entity82 of @entity1355 can be divided into two types of @entity27301 ( @entity27301 ) predominant @entity82 (16 cases), and atelectatic induration predominant @entity82 (23 cases). Histologically, the @entity27301 type @entity82 showed @entity82 like in @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ), whereas the atelectatic induration type exhibited non- @entity82 with intraluminal organization unlike in @entity2416 . In our study, the lung @entity82 was more intensive in the lower lobes, posterior and subpleural zones, although in eight cases the upper lobes were more intensively involved than the lower lobes. The degree of asbestos body formation on each case was varied. Four cases with typical @entity27301 and @entity82 grade 3 were counted only small numbers of asbestos bodies, and lacked one or two above-described pleural changes, and these cases were similar to idiopathic or @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ). As for complications of @entity1355 , 13 cases (32.5%) had @entity2 and 14 cases (35%) presented @entity16 ( @entity16 ) pathologically. It is concluded that @entity1355 cases of @entity27301 type without pleural changes can not be distinguished even from @entity2416 , if asbestos bodies (ABs) were not found histologically. Therefore, great care needs to be taken in identifying them. We also have examined the quantitatave counts of asbestos bodies and asbestos fibers in ten cases. Acute exacerbation of @entity2416 is a well recognized entity in Japan, similar condition may occur in @entity358 .

title: Histopathological features of @entity358 with particular emphasis on the comparison with those of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral acinar fibrosis', 'fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity27301 :: ('MESH:C537412', 'Disease') :: ['HNCB', 'honeycombing']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'DAD']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary asbestosis']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural adhesion', 'pleural thickening', 'pleural plaques']

answer: @entity2416 :: (MESH:D054990,Disease) :: ['usual interstitial pneumonia']


abstract: We examined memory improvement with respect to the effects of @entity27524 (GRP) in male C57BL/6J @entity19 under conditions of experimentally induced @entity2730 . GRP was administered following training in a one-trial passive avoidance test. In Experiment 1, the drug @entity5591 (1 or 2 mg/kg, ip) was used to induce @entity2730 prior to training, and GRP (32 nmol/kg, ip) or saline (control) was administered immediately after training. Results indicate that GRP at this dose improved memory only when the dosage of @entity5591 was relatively low (1 mg/kg). In Experiment 2, @entity515 -induced @entity2730 was employed. @entity19 were placed in a chamber filled with @entity515 or air (control) immediately after acquisition training. Subsequently, they were administered either saline or GRP (32 nmol/kg, ip). Significantly longer light-dark latency was observed in all @entity19 that received GRP (both experimental and control groups). In total, our results indicate that the effect of GRP at this dose on the improvement of @entity2414 is dependent on the degree of impairment. Furthermore, because @entity515 -induced @entity519 is known to decrease @entity934 release in the brain, our results also suggest that GRP and its receptor may interact with the cholinergic system in the central nervous system.

title: Posttraining administration of @entity27524 improves @entity2414 in @entity5591 - and @entity519 -induced XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity27524 :: ('225642(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['gastrin-releasing peptide']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2730 :: (MESH:D000647,Disease) :: ['amnesic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of an ongoing surveillance of antibiotic resistance in hospitalized dermatology @entity1 are presented. Bacterial isolates cultured from @entity1 with @entity272 admitted to a tertiary care dermatology inpatient unit from May 1995 through May 1996 were evaluated for resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Comparison was made with a previous survey of the same inpatient service from 1992. Our results show an alarming trend toward antibiotic resistance. OBSERVATION: In superficial @entity272 , @entity794 constituted 77% of isolates. In leg @entity1066 , the frequencies of @entity794 and @entity796 were approximately equal, constituting 43% and 42% of cultures, respectively. Fifty percent of @entity794 isolates from leg @entity1066 were resistant to @entity6101 , with 36% of pseudomonad isolates resistant to @entity2177 . In superficial wounds, @entity6101 resistance in @entity794 approached 25%. A comparison of antibiotic resistance profiles using data collected in 1992 for @entity1 admitted to the same inpatient service revealed a marked increase in @entity6101 and @entity2177 resistance in @entity794 and @entity796 in leg @entity1066 , respectively (from 24% to 50% @entity6101 resistance in @entity794 and from 9% to 24% @entity2177 resistance in @entity796 ), and superficial wounds (24% to 36% @entity2177 resistance in @entity796 ). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as a problem of growing significance in hospital dermatology and highlights the importance of local surveillance programs to aid in selecting antibiotic treatments.

title: Analysis of antibiotic susceptibilities of skin wound flora in hospitalized dermatology XXXX . The crisis of antibiotic resistance has come to the surface.

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin wounds']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To present clinical and laboratory features, treatment options, and outcome in @entity1 with @entity281 and to compare them with analogous in brucellar @entity1 without testicular involvement. METHODS: Thirty four brucellar @entity1 with @entity281 treated in two general hospitals in the Republic of Macedonia, during the period 1998-2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Their clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared with analogous in 364 male brucellar @entity1 without @entity281 , who were treated at the same hospitals during the same time period. RESULTS: Brucellar @entity281 was evident in 34 (8.5%) out of 398 male @entity1 with @entity3377 . The median age of the @entity1 was 46.5  years. In all @entity1 testicular involvement was presented as an acute form with a median duration of 5  days (range, 2-14  days) prior to diagnosis. Twenty-three of the @entity1 had at least one other simultaneous @entity8796 . After starting with the treatment @entity281 lasted a median 10  days, range 7-21  days. Brucellar @entity1 with @entity281 when compared with other brucellar @entity1 more frequently manifested fever (97% vs. 61%), concomitant @entity1511 (32% vs. 16%), and urinary system involvement (12% vs. 2%). Also, the relapse rate in @entity1 with testicular involvement was significantly higher (24% vs. 9%). CONCLUSION: In @entity3377 should be taken into consideration in any @entity1 with @entity281 . Brucellar testicular involvement is usually characterized with a severe acute clinical presentation and a high percentage of relapses which entails the need of timely recognition and proper treatment duration of at least 60  days.

title: XXXX in @entity3377 : Report of 34 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'endemic regions brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular infection', 'brucellar testicular infection']

entities_list: @entity8796 :: ('MESH:D005490', 'Disease') :: ['focal infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Testicular infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: QRS fragmentation (fQRS) and prolonged QTc interval on surface ECG are prognostic in various @entity296 other than @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). The association between fQRS and prolonged QTc duration with occurrence of @entity1165 or @entity1164 (VTA/ @entity5099 ) in @entity1 with @entity1121 was explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-five clinical @entity1121 @entity1 were studied. QTc duration was derived applying Bazett's formula; fQRS was defined as presence of various RSR' patterns, R or S notching and/or >1 additional R wave in any non-aVR lead in @entity1 without pacing or (in) @entity5036 . The endpoints comprised @entity5099 , ECG documented sustained VTA ( @entity591 or fibrillation) or appropriate @entity737 ( @entity737 ) therapies (antitachycardia pacing [ATP] or shock) for VTA in @entity737 recipients (n = 58 [30%]). QT prolonging drugs recipients were excluded. After a median follow-up of 5.7 years (IQR 2.7-9.1), 26 (13%) @entity1 experienced VTA or @entity5099 . @entity1 with fQRS in >= 3 territories (inferior, lateral, septal, and/or anterior) (p = 0.004) or QTc >= 460 ms (p = 0.009) had worse cumulative survival free of VTA/ @entity5099 than @entity1 with fQRS in <3 territories or QTc <460 ms. fQRS in >= 3 territories (   4.5, p = 0.020, 95%CI 1.41-14.1) and QTc >= 460 ms (   2.7, p = 0.037, 95%CI 1.12-6.33) were independently associated with VTA/ @entity5099 . Likelihood ratio test indicated assessment of fQRS and QTc on top of conventional @entity5099 risk factors provides incremental predictive value for VTA/ @entity5099 (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Both fQRS in >= 3 territories and QTc duration are associated with VTA/ @entity5099 in @entity1121 @entity1 , independently of and incremental to conventional @entity5099 risk factors.

title: QRS Fragmentation and QTc Duration Relate to Malignant XXXX and @entity1164 in @entity1 with @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['complete bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a potent molecule that mediates @entity5 angiogenesis primarily through @entity319 ( @entity319 ). Bevacizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to @entity7 , was administered to previously untreated @entity1 to evaluate parameters of angiogenesis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with inflammatory and locally advanced @entity0 were treated with bevacizumab for cycle 1 (15 mg/kg on day 1) followed by six cycles of bevacizumab with @entity632 (50 mg/m(2)) and @entity1205 (75 mg/m(2)) every 3 weeks. After locoregional therapy, @entity1 received eight cycles of bevacizumab alone, and hormonal therapy when indicated. Tumor biopsies and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) were obtained at baseline, and after cycles 1, 4, and 7. RESULTS: A median decrease of 66.7% in phosphorylated @entity319 (Y951) in @entity5 cells (P = .004) and median increase of 128.9% in @entity5 apoptosis (P = .0008) were seen after bevacizumab alone. These changes persisted with the addition of chemotherapy. There were no significant changes in microvessel density or @entity7 expression. On DCE-MRI, parameters reflecting reduced angiogenesis, a median decrease of 34.4% in the inflow transfer rate constant (P = .003), 15.0% in the backflow extravascular- extracellular rate constant (P = .0007) and 14.3% in extravascular-extracellular volume fraction (P = .002) were seen after bevacizumab alone. CONCLUSION: Bevacizumab has inhibitory effects on @entity7 receptor activation and vascular permeability, and induces apoptosis in @entity5 cells.

title: Antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of bevacizumab in @entity1 with inflammatory and locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'VEGF-A', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Vasculotropin/vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VAS/ @entity7 ) is a newly purified growth factor with a unique specificity for vascular endothelial cells. We have investigated the interactions of VAS/ @entity7 with @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVE cells). 125I-VAS/ @entity7 was found to HUVE cells in a saturable manner with a half-maximum binding at 2.8 ng/ml. Scatchard analysis did show two classes of high-affinity binding sites. The first class displayed a dissociation constant of 9 pM with 500 sites/cell. The dissociation constant and the number of binding sites of the second binding class were variable for different HUVE cell cultures (KD = 179 +/- 101 pM, 5,850 +/- 2,950 sites/cell). Half-maximal inhibition of 125I-VAS/ @entity7 occurred with a threefold excess of unlabeled ligand. @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and heparin did not compete with 125I-VAS/ @entity7 binding. In contrast, @entity5747 and protamin sulfate completely displaced 125I-VAS/ @entity7 binding from HUVE cells. VAS/ @entity7 was shown to be internalized in HUVE cells. Maximum internalization (55% of total cell-associated radioactivity) was observed after 30 min. 125I-VAS/ @entity7 was completely degraded 2-3 hr after binding. At 3 hr, the @entity2804 ( @entity2974 )-soluble radioactivity accumulated in the medium was 60% of the total radioactivity released by HUVE cells. No degradation fragment of 125I-VAS/ @entity7 was observed. @entity503 completely inhibited degradation. VAS/ @entity7 was able to induce angiogenesis in vitro in HUVE cells. However, it did not significantly modulate @entity2290 ( @entity2290 ), @entity3479 ( @entity3479 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ), and tissue factor (TF). @entity4770 production was only stimulated at very high VAS/ @entity7 concentrations. Taken together, these results indicate that VAS/ @entity7 might be a potent @entity16110 resulting from a direct interaction with endothelial cells. The angiogenic activity seems to be independent of the plasminogen activator or inhibitor system.

title: Interaction of vasculotropin/vascular endothelial cell growth factor with XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells: binding, internalization, degradation, and biological effects.

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue-type plasminogen activator', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['Basic fibroblast growth factor', 'bFGF']

entities_list: @entity16110 :: ('MESH:D009389', 'Disease') :: ['inducer of neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['Chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity2290 :: ('5328', 'Gene') :: ['u-PA', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) is based on pressure measurements. We have now sought to establish a Doppler-based concept of relative flow velocity reserve (RFVR) for the functional assessment of @entity850 severity in epicardial coronary arteries. A clear threshold value to discriminate the functional severity of a @entity3979 does not exist for coronary flow velocity reserve (CVR) based on intracoronary Doppler measurements. In contrast, the concept of FFR, which is based on intracoronary pressure measurements, has been extensively validated. An FFR value below 0.75 reliably indicates a significant @entity850 . METHODS AND RESULTS: RFVR is calculated as the ratio between distal CVR in the stenosed target vessel and distal CVR in a nonstenotic reference vessel. In 21 @entity1 , RFVR was determined in 24 target vessels by use of intracoronary @entity859 and correlated to the FFR, determined as the ratio of mean poststenotic to aortic pressures, in the target vessel. @entity850 severity was classified according to quantitative coronary angiography analysis. Reference diameter was 3.0+/-0.4 mm (mean+/-SD), and area @entity850 was 74+/-15% (range, 40% to 95%). CVRs in the target and reference vessels were 2.1+/-0.5 and 2.6+/-0.7, respectively. FFR ranged from 0.49 to 0.99 (mean, 0.81+/-0.15) and RFVR from 0.53 to 1.0 (mean, 0.82+/-0.13). Poststenotic CVR did not correlate with either percent area @entity850 (r=0.27, P=NS) or FFR (r=0.33, P=NS). In contrast, FFR as well as RFVR showed a curvilinear relation to percent area @entity850 (r=0.89, P<0.0001 and r=0.79, P<0.0001, respectively). There was a close linear correlation between FFR and RFVR (r=0.91, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: RFVR correlates closely to FFR and to percent area @entity850 , whereas the correlation of CVR with FFR and percent area @entity850 is rather poor. RFVR is a promising new concept for assessment of @entity3979 severity and clinical decision making based on Doppler measurements.

title: Improved assessment of XXXX severity using the relative flow velocity reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stenosis', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary stenosis']


abstract: The expression of cytokine genes for interleukin-1 (IL-1) (alpha and beta) and @entity5 necrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), along with the proto-oncogenes @entity1639 , @entity6823 and @entity517 , was examined by nuclear run-off and Northern blot analysis during in vitro differentiation of @entity6824 ( @entity6824 )-derived bone marrow macrophages (BMDM). Constitutive transcription of @entity517 was maximal on day 3 and decreased with differentiation. Constitutive transcription of @entity6823 and @entity1639 was similar at all times examined. In contrast, the steady-state mRNA levels were maximal on day 5 for @entity517 and day 7 for @entity6823 and @entity1639 . Thirty minutes after endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; @entity558 ) stimulation, there was a rapid increase in run-off transcription rates for @entity517 in day 3-day 9 BMDM, with maximal levels observed in day 7 BMDM. @entity6823 transcription was maximally induced within 1 hr by @entity558 in day 3 and day 5 BMDM. @entity558 induced transcription of @entity1639 to equivalent levels in day 3-day 9 BMDM. @entity558 stimulation augmented steady-state mRNA levels for @entity517 , @entity6823 and @entity1639 . Maximal induction of @entity517 was observed in day 3 BMDM. @entity1639 and @entity6823 were both maximally induced in day 5 and day 7 BMDM. @entity379 ( @entity379 ) had no effect on transcription of the proto-oncogenes examined. In contrast to the proto-oncogenes, peak levels of run-off transcription for @entity1192 and @entity1356 genes were observed 1-2 hr after @entity558 stimulation for day 3, day 5 and day 7 BMDM. The kinetics of @entity558 -induced steady-state mRNA accumulation of @entity1192 and @entity1356 were similar to the kinetics of run-off transcription. Constitutive transcription of @entity310 was observed on all days of differentiation. @entity558 and @entity379 both enhanced run-off transcription of the @entity310 gene; however, @entity558 had a more pronounced effect. The kinetics of induction of @entity310 transcription paralleled the kinetics of steady-state @entity310 mRNA accumulation. @entity379 resulted in secretion of @entity310 in day 5, day 7, and day 9 BMDM after 4-8 hr of stimulation. Day 3 BMDM had little, if any, secreted @entity310 activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Endotoxin and XXXX differentially regulate the transcriptional levels of proto-oncogenes and cytokine genes during the differentiation of @entity6824 -derived macrophages.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon-gamma', 'IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity6824 :: ('1435', 'Gene') :: ['CSF-1', 'colony-stimulating factor type-1']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity725 ( @entity725 ) is a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting in optic disc cupping and @entity227 . It can be inherited as either a complex or a monogenic trait. Autosomal dominant @entity725 is the most frequent type of monogenic @entity726 . In this study, we investigated the role of @entity29714 @entity29714 in Spanish @entity1 with autosomal dominant @entity725 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the @entity29714 gene by PCR-DNA sequencing in five Southeast Spanish families and one Colombian family of @entity9468 affected by autosomal dominant @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). We also analyzed two families with @entity725 ( @entity725 ). RESULTS: @entity29714 mutations @entity24186 and @entity46836 segregated with the disease in the five @entity1538 Spanish families and the Colombian family, respectively. Neither @entity29714 mutations nor cytochrome P4501B1 CYP1B1 mutations were detected in the @entity725 families. The disease showed an insidious onset in @entity24186 carriers, making early diagnosis difficult. A delay in diagnosis resulted in severe @entity227 . Topical medications were effective in controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity24186 carriers, but 72.2% of them required surgery for long-term IOP control. Conversely, only 30% of @entity725 @entity1 required surgery. Mutation @entity46836 was associated with a severe phenotype unresponsive to medical treatment. Analysis of the four @entity29714 -linked polymorphic microsatellite markers in the @entity1538 Spanish families revealed a common disease haplotype, indicating that the @entity24186 mutation was inherited from the same founder. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first evidence of a founder effect for a @entity29714 mutation in Spanish @entity1538 @entity1 . Analysis of the @entity29714 gene in Spanish @entity1 with @entity1538 is useful to identify at-risk individuals thus help prevent @entity227 through early treatment.

title: @entity29714 gene mutations in Spanish XXXX with autosomal dominant primary @entity1538 : a founder effect in southeast Spain.

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'adult-onset POAG', 'AOAG', 'Primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['JOAG', 'juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity9468 :: ('MESH:D014717', 'Disease') :: ['Hispanic origin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The usefulness of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) for undifferentiated-type early @entity356 (UD-type EGCs) is unclear. The present study examined the accuracy of the diagnostic demarcation of lesions using ME-NBI. METHODS: The study population consisted of 76 @entity1 with UD-type EGC lesions measuring  <=20  mm in diameter using white-light imaging (WLI) and endoscopic ultrasonography and diagnosed as intramucosa and UL(-); all the lesions were confirmed as early @entity356 based on postoperative pathological examination. All the @entity1 had undergone an initial endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at this hospital between January 2010 and January 2014. After marking with demarcation lines at the utmost oral and anal sites of the lesion using @entity3503 plasma coagulation under ME-NBI for intervention, the cases with demarcations that were consistent with the postoperative pathological findings were defined as having been accurately diagnosed. The inflammatory cell infiltration (Updated Sydney System, @entity2106 ) were also assessed. RESULTS: The diagnostic demarcations of the lesion were consistent in 62 cases (81.6  %). The accurate diagnosis rate was higher for the @entity2106 cases with mild neutrophil and monocyte infiltration (P  <  0.05). The addition of ME-NBI to WLI improved the accurate diagnosis rate by 27.6  %. CONCLUSION: The use of ME-NBI in diagnostic demarcation of UD-type EGCs is recommended.

title: Accuracy of diagnostic demarcation of undifferentiated-type early XXXX for magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging: endoscopic submucosal dissection cases.

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancers']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fetal microchimerism (MCH) has been implicated in the etiology of @entity792 such as @entity1669 . The goal of the study was to reliably estimate the number of fetal engrafted cells and to further investigate factors influencing the development of MCH. METHODS: Quantitative real-time PCR amplification using Y-chromosome specific ( @entity16439 ) and autosomal (beta-globin) loci was performed on thyroid gland specimens. Furthermore, we compared the distribution of @entity6910 and rhesus systems in mothers with and without blood MCH in relation to the blood groups of the @entity1 . RESULTS: MCH was detected in eight of 21 @entity2621 @entity1 in a frequency range of 15 to 4900 male cells per 100,000 total cells (median 97 cells), but in none of 17 healthy thyroid glands. In a third group, consisting of 18 @entity8170 , only one sample was positive (182 male cells/100,000 total cells). No @entity1 who had not had a prior pregnancy with a male fetus showed MCH. Mothers both with and without MCH showed the same rate of mother/ @entity1 incompatibilities for the @entity6910 and rhesus systems. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of microchimeric cells varies to a great extent in @entity2621 , and this phenomenon can occur in @entity8170 in rare instances, but it appears to be absent from normal thyroid glands. Nevertheless, the biological significance of MCH remains unclear. Moreover, we have concluded that the tested blood group systems (as opposed to their role in graft vs @entity2132 after transplantations) have no effect on fetal MCH.

title: Fetal microchimerism in XXXX : a quantitative approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'woman', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8170 :: ('MESH:D006044', 'Disease') :: ['nodular goiter', 'nodular goiters']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['host disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity2621 :: (MESH:D050031,Disease) :: ['Hashimoto's thyroiditis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define the efficacy and @entity137 of @entity1205 plus @entity136 or @entity1205 plus @entity900 for advanced @entity3123 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with measurable disease and WHO performance status less than 2 were randomly assigned to receive 21-day cycles of @entity136 800 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 85 mg/m2 on day 8 (arm A) or @entity1205 75 mg/m2 on day 1 plus @entity900 75 mg/m2 on day 1 (arm B). Primary end points were @entity5 response and rate of @entity1398 grade. RESULTS: Of 96 randomly assigned @entity1 (49 @entity1 in arm A and 47 @entity1 in arm B), 70 @entity1 were analyzed for response (36 in arm A and 34 in arm B) and 89 @entity1 were analyzed for safety (45 in arm A and 44 in arm B). Confirmed responses were observed in 19.4% (95% CI, 8.2% to 36.0%) of @entity1 in arm A and 23.5% (95% CI, 10.7% to 41.2%) in arm B. In arm A, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.0 to 4.7 months), median survival was 7.4 months (95% CI, 5.6 to 11.0 months), and 1-year survival was 30%. In arm B, the median PFS was 2.8 months (95% CI, 2.6 to 4.6 months), median survival was 7.1 months (95% CI, 4.8 to 8.7 months), and 1-year survival was 16%. @entity1398 occurred in 9% and 16% of @entity1 in arms A and B, respectively. CONCLUSION: Both regimens are well tolerated and show activity in advanced @entity3123 . The safety profile and survival analyses favor @entity1205 plus @entity136 for further evaluation.

title: @entity1205 plus @entity136 or @entity1205 plus XXXX in advanced @entity3123 : randomized phase II study 40984 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Gastrointestinal Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Febrile neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: Prevention of transmission of bloodborne pathogens to health care workers (HCWs) involved in resuscitation of critically injured @entity1 presents special challenges. As a step toward creation of a standard, a telephone survey of the infection control practices in this setting of the 100 busiest @entity26144 in the United States (US) was performed. Departmental staff who were knowledgeable about ED infection prevention protocols were questioned about general policy, barrier protection measures, sharps management, and educational programs directed to HCWs. Surveys were completed for 82 @entity26144 . Of these, 56 (68%) either function as primary @entity130 care facilities for the local community, or are designated level 1 @entity130 centers by the American College of Surgeons. Specific infection control protocols for @entity130 resuscitation had been printed and posted by 18 @entity26144 (22%), with the remaining 64 (78%) using the same universal precautions for care of the severely injured as for other @entity1 . A specific policy relating to invasive procedures had been promulgated by 66 @entity26144 (80%). Barrier protection was used by protocol or by custom for care of all critically injured @entity1 by 43 @entity26144 (52%). Impermeable gowns with sleeves were available in 63 @entity26144 (77%). Eye or face protection included face shields by 74 @entity26144 (90%), face masks by 76 @entity26144 (93%), and goggles by 72 @entity26144 (88%). Only 59 @entity26144 (72%) reported that sharp containers were always within arm's reach of HCWs with material to discard. Specially adapted equipment included self-sheathing intravenous catheters (21, 26%) and needle/syringe combinations (16, 20%). Considerable variation exists in infection control practices in busy US @entity26144 during resuscitation of critically injured @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Infection control for health care workers caring for critically injured XXXX : a national survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Idiopathic spinal epidural @entity145 (SEACs) are relatively rare lesions with diverse clinical manifestations depending on the affected spinal region and nerve roots. To assess the relationship between clinical presentation and surgical outcome, we conducted a retrospective review of medical records and neuroimages from idiopathic SEAC @entity1 . METHODS: Of 15 consecutive @entity1 with idiopathic SEACs, 14 underwent surgical treatment at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2008 and July 2013. Case histories, clinical presentations, imaging findings, operative findings, and surgical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity1 , 5 were @entity1 (median age, 13  years) and 10 were adults (median age, 35  years). The male-to-female ratio was 4:1. The median disease duration was 1  year in @entity1 and 4  years in adults. The most common manifestations were progressive paraparesis (73.3  %) and @entity614 (66.7  %). All pediatric lesions affected @entity1347 , while 80  % of adult lesions affected lumbar segments. Fourteen @entity1 underwent microsurgical treatment, with cyst excision in nine (combined with @entity292 closure in four) and partial cyst excision in five (with @entity292 closure in three). No recurrences were observed during follow-up (average of 23  months). Excellent outcome was achieved in six cases, good outcome in four, fair in two, and poor in two. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic SEAC mainly affect the @entity1347 in @entity1 and the lumbar segments in adults, and often results in progressive paraparesis and @entity614 . Early surgical intervention is suggested for progressive symptomatic @entity1 to restore neurological function.

title: Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies for idiopathic spinal extradural XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic segments']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity614 :: ('MESH:D011843', 'Disease') :: ['radiculopathy']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']