abstract: The treatment of large @entity129 may be greatly improved by the development of precisely formed bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Such scaffolds could be constructed by using UV laser stereolithography to photocrosslink a linear, biodegradable polymer into a three-dimensional implant. We have previously presented a method to photocrosslink the biodegradable @entity2635 , @entity49474 ( @entity2848 ). To ensure the safety and effectiveness of this technique, the soft and hard tissue response to photocrosslinked @entity2848 scaffolds of different pore morphologies was investigated. Four classes of photocrosslinked @entity2848 scaffolds, constructed with differing porosities (57-75%) and pore sizes (300-500 or 600-800 microm), were implanted both subcutaneously and in 6.3-mm-diameter @entity129 in a @entity95 model. The @entity95 were sacrificed at 2 and 8 weeks, and the implants were analyzed by light microscopy, histological scoring analysis, and histomorphometric analysis. Results showed the @entity2848 scaffolds elicit a mild tissue response in both soft and hard tissues. Inflammatory cells, vascularization, and connective tissue were observed at 2 weeks; a decrease in inflammatory cell density and a more organized connective tissue were observed at 8 weeks. Scaffold porosity and scaffold pore size were not found to significantly affect the observed tissue response. Evidence of scaffold surface degradation was noted both by histology and histomorphometric analysis. Bone ingrowth in @entity2848 scaffolds implanted into @entity129 was <3% of the defect area. The results indicate that photocrosslinked @entity2848 scaffolds are biocompatible in both soft and hard tissues and thus may be an attractive platform for bone tissue engineering.

title: Soft and hard tissue response to photocrosslinked XXXX scaffolds in a @entity95 model.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity49474 :: ('MESH:C097850', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(propylene fumarate)']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity2635 :: ('CHEBI:60160', 'Chemical') :: ['polyester']

answer: @entity49474 :: (MESH:C097850,Chemical) :: ['poly(propylene fumarate)']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the use of botulinum toxin A for treatment of mentalis @entity121 secondary to failed augmentation mentoplasty. DESIGN: Clinical observations were made in the treatment of mentalis @entity121 . @entity1 with the postmentoplasty signs of mental skin dimpling and soft tissue ptosis were injected with 20 U of botulinum toxin A and observed for @entity227 . Photographs were taken for documentation. SETTING: Private facial plastic surgery practice. @entity1 : Three @entity1 with a history of failed augmentation mentoplasty were identified and signs/symptoms recorded. Each @entity1 was treated with 20 U of botulinum toxin A and observed for clinical improvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pretreatment and posttreatment photographs of active and passive mentalis function together with @entity1 satisfaction surveys. RESULTS: Of the 3 @entity1 treated, all reported alleviation of the @entity409 and improved appearance. The symptoms began to return as the botulinum toxin A effects subsided. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin A is a safe and effective treatment of @entity409 secondary to failed augmentation mentoplasty. The effects are predictable, although temporary.

title: Botulinum toxin A for mentalis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and functional improvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mentalis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle dysfunction']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle dysfunction']


abstract: Schwannomas of trigeminal nerve account for 0.07% to 0.36% of all intra-cranial @entity5 . We report three observations about @entity5 , mainly extra-cranial with only small intra-cranial extension, concerning two @entity1 and one @entity1 , who were respectively 36, 60 and 63 years old. Two of them presented with @entity158 and @entity1183 in the same territory. The third one developed a @entity892 . In all cases, CT scanner analysis evidenced a large hypodense @entity5 extending in the infratemporal fossa. Temporal lobe and cavernous sinus were pushed aside by the intra-cranial extension. @entity5 were hypo intense in T1-weighted image with significant enhancement after @entity2287 injection. One of the @entity5 was a cystic form and in that case, an hyper signal in T2-weighted image was detected in the middle of the lesion. A combined subtemporal and transmaxillary approach was performed in 2 cases. In the third case, the @entity5 was only performed by a transmaxillary approach. In this series, there was no surgical mortality. One @entity1 presented a postoperative residual painful @entity590 . In conclusion, extra-cranial @entity808 with intra-cranial extension are specially rare lesions. The most common early symptoms are @entity31465 , @entity1183 or @entity892 . Neuroradiologic investigations, including CT and MRI evidence the precise anatomic site of the lesions. With the help of these techniques, total @entity5 removal is possible in the majority of cases.

title: [Extracranial trigeminal XXXX with middle temporal fossa development].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['hypoesthesia', 'facial hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', "Jefferson's type D tumors", 'removal of the tumor', 'surgical tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity31465 :: ('MESH:D005156', 'Disease') :: ['facial neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['anesthesia']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['schwannomas']


abstract: Study of 45 renal allograft nephrectomy specimens revealed the presence of relatively uncommon @entity455 : atheromatosis (12 cases) and a double layer of smooth muscle in the intima (Double Media) (4 cases). Histopathologic features of atheromatosis showed the presence of large lipid-laden cells localized in the intimal layer of arteries. Diagnosis of acute vascular rejection (AVR) was made in 19 cases. Diagnosis of chronic vascular rejection (CVR) was found in 4 cases. 22 cases showed lesions of both AVR and CVR. In 12 cases there was infiltration of the intima and media wall by foam cells closely resembling an @entity75 . Four cases of Double Media were found in allografts with survival varying from 51 to 344 days. The presence of either @entity1856 or double media does not correlate statistically with immunosuppressive treatment, blood pressure or with the presence of @entity2298 and/or @entity1007 . Immunohistochemical investigation of atheromatosis revealed total negativity of the foam cells with antisera to: actin, @entity3999 , @entity2283 and @entity5632 . Variable reactivity was observed with antisera to @entity2277 . Myointimal cells of Double Media expressed slight positivity for actin and @entity2277 . The double media lesion seems to be the result of a reparative vascular process secondary to rejection changes. Atheromatosis seems to be closely correlated to episodes of acute rejection. @entity455 in grafts are harbinger of poor prognosis. Double media lesion and atheromatosis do not seem to have a more unfavourable prognostic significance on the evolution of the transplants.

title: Atheromatosis and double media: uncommon XXXX of renal allografts.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular lesions', 'arterial vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['vascular lesions']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with fibrin matrix on the healing of @entity1795 in a @entity95 model in vivo. METHODS: We transected and repaired 156 toe flexors of 73 @entity95 using the technique of Tsuge et al and a simple running epitendinous suture. We randomly assigned Repaired tendons to groups that recieved no additional treatment (control) or to which we applied PRP, fibrin (F), or PRP with fibrin matrix (PRP-F) at the repair site. We scored @entity4 and @entity1104 at 2, 3, and 6 weeks after surgery, and linearly tested repaired tendons for load to failure. We also histologically evaluated tendons at 2 and 3 weeks. RESULTS: @entity4 scores and @entity1104 scores did not significantly differ among the 4 groups at any time point. Mean load to failure in the PRP-F group (14.7 N) was the highest among the 4 groups at 2 weeks after surgery, and was significantly higher than in the control group (10.0 N). Median histological scores in the PRP-F group (3.3 points) were significantly higher than in the control group (1.0 point). Mean load to failure in the PRP-F group (16.1 N) was highest, and median histological scores in the PRP-F group (3.5 points) were higher than in the control group (2.4 points) at 3 weeks, although there were no significant differences at 3 or 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity95 model of @entity1795 , PRP with fibrin matrix significantly increased healing strength within 2 weeks after surgery. Side effects such as increases in toe @entity4 or @entity1104 around the tendons did not arise. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Platelet-rich plasma with fibrin matrix might help reduce the risk of repeated @entity397 after flexor tendon surgery, and lead to early rehabilitation.

title: Effect of platelet-rich plasma with fibrin matrix on healing of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'Edema']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['adhesion', 'adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['intrasynovial flexor tendons', 'cut flexor tendons']

answer: @entity1795 :: (MESH:D052582,Disease) :: ['intrasynovial flexor tendons']


abstract: Diagnostic imaging is pivotal in clinical maxillofacial evaluation. This study evaluated and compared the use of conventional radiographs (CR) with two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 requiring maxillofacial surgery. Pre-surgical records of sixty five @entity1 who had undergone routine CR, 2D CT and 3D CT were selected and classified into the categories of @entity130 , pathology and @entity85 . The accuracy of image analysis, diagnosis and treatment planning were scored and the data statistically analysed. 2D CT scanning was more effective diagnostically and is preferred for cases of @entity130 (44%, SD=0.54, p>0.05) and pathology (34%, SD=0.47, p>0.05) whilst 3D CT imaging was indicated for the deformity category (22%, SD=0.58, p>0.05). Linear comparisons between radiographic modalities within each clinical group revealed significant differences (p<0.05). Multiplanar reformatted (MPR) 2D cross sectional CT views offered additional imaging information. CONCLUSION: 2D CT scanning is an excellent imaging modality for the majority of craniomaxillofacial surgical cases. 3D CT scanning is also recommended for cases of @entity130 and pathology. Both 2D CT and 3D CT scanning are vital in @entity85 and reconstructive surgery.

title: A comparative study of three imaging modalities currently used in the assessment of XXXX for maxillofacial surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformities', 'craniomaxillofacial deformities']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Running has steadily gained in worldwide popularity and is the primary exercise modality for many individuals of all ages. Its low cost, versatility, convenience and related health benefits appeal to @entity1 and @entity1 of broad cultural, ethnic and economic backgrounds. With more @entity1 and adults participating in recreational and competitive running, the incidence of @entity130 has steadily increased. Most running-related @entity130 affecting the lower extremities are due to preventable training errors, and some may necessitate medical evaluation or a significant reduction in training. @entity4822 in runners are due to interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic factors that adversely affect the complex regional anatomy. Acute or chronic @entity158 presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge because the vague, nonspecific symptoms and signs may originate from local, regional or distant foci. Muscle strains and @entity924 are the most common aetiologies of @entity158 and typically result from sudden acceleration/deceleration manoeuvres, direction changes or eccentric contractions. Apophysitis and @entity155 fractures may affect younger runners and produce @entity158 at muscle attachment sites. @entity23223 is a common cause of lateral hip and knee symptoms characterised by sharp or burning @entity158 that is exacerbated by activity. @entity2585 , due to repetitive activity or acute @entity130 , may affect the trochanteric, ischial or iliopectineal bursae. @entity570 may also produce persistent @entity158 that worsens with running. @entity1642 are potentially serious conditions that affect @entity1 more frequently than @entity1 . @entity572 is a benign condition that results from tight connective tissues' passing repeatedly over the greater trochanter, anterior hip capsule, lesser trochanter, femoral head or iliopectineal eminence. Acetabular labral tears, @entity2850 are also potential causes of persistent @entity158 in runners. Treatment of @entity158 in running should focus not only on addressing the symptoms but also identifying the underlying conditions that precipitated the injury. Injury prevention and comprehensive rehabilitation are essential, since prior @entity4822 increase the risk of subsequent ones. Coaches, trainers and medical personal who care for runners should advocate running regimens, surfaces, shoes, technique and individualised conditioning programmes that minimise the risk of initial or recurrent @entity4822 .

title: An overview of XXXX in running.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendonitis']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['sports hernias and nerve entrapment syndromes']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['Snapping hip syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'pain', 'localised pain']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity23223 :: ('MESH:D058745', 'Disease') :: ['Iliotibial band syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress fractures']

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['hip injuries', 'Hip injuries']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['Hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity4822 :: (MESH:D025981,Disease) :: ['hip injuries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Left ventricular (LV) shape tends to become spherical in @entity1 with @entity384 of diverse etiology. Clinical and echocardiographic factors which affect the degree of @entity1002 and the impact of altered LV shape on prognosis have not been studied adequately. HYPOTHESIS: This study was undertaken to investigate the prognostic implications of altered LV shape on clinical outcome in @entity384 . METHODS: In 112 @entity1 with depressed LV ejection fraction (19 +/- 9%) and symptomatic @entity712 , and in 10 age- and gender-matched normal controls, we performed 2-dimensional echocardiography to assess LV shape using the eccentricity index. Eccentricity index was defined as the ratio of the LV long axis to the LV transverse diameter, measured at end systole and end diastole in the apical four-chamber view. We sought univariate and multivariate clinical and echocardiographic correlates of LV shape. Further, we sought correlations between eccentricity index and clinical outcomes ( @entity204 and composite outcome of @entity204 or emergent heart transplant). RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity296 had significantly lower systolic (2.04 vs. 1.56; p = 0.001) and diastolic (1.75 vs. 1.53; p = 0.003) eccentricity index, implying a more spherical LV shape. Of all clinical and echocardiographic variables tested, @entity339 , @entity67 , and increased LV mass were independently associated with spherical LV shape. At a follow-up period of 17 +/- 12 months, no correlation was found between eccentricity index and the occurrence of @entity204 or the combined endpoint of @entity204 or emergent heart transplant, in univariate or multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity384 , the degree of spherical distortion of the LV does not correlate with prognosis.

title: Does left ventricular shape influence clinical outcome in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV spherical distortion']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: AIMS: To determine the incidence and predictors of @entity397 requiring hospitalization of representative @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: A total of 1296 @entity1 from the longitudinal observational Fremantle @entity6 Study, Phase I, and 5159 de-identified age- and sex-matched control subjects without @entity6 from the same urban area were studied. The @entity1 ' mean (sd) age was 64.0 (11.3) years and 48.6% of them were male. Their median (interquartile range) @entity6 duration was 4.0 (1.0-9.0) years. The main outcome assessed was any @entity397 requiring hospitalization in the Fremantle @entity6 Study subjects and the matched control subjects. Independent predictors of @entity1409 in the @entity1 from the Fremantle @entity6 Study were assessed using Cox proportional hazards modelling. RESULTS: The incidence rate ratio for any @entity397 requiring hospitalization in @entity1 vs control subjects was 1.44 (95% CI 1.10-1.87; P = 0.005). Independent predictors of @entity1409 in @entity1 were BMI [hazard ratio 1.05 (95% CI 1.002-1.10] for 1 kg/m2 increase; P = 0.010] and @entity167 consumption [hazard ratio 1.52 (95% CI 1.11-2.09) for    1 standard drink/day increase; P = 0.010]. Adjustment of the incidence rate ratio for overall rupture requiring hospitalization for these variables using the BMI and @entity167 consumption data from the contemporary Australian general population suggested it could be as high as 1.84. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater risk of @entity397 requiring hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity167 consumption and @entity1386 are potentially modifiable risk factors of @entity1409 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Incidence and predictors of hospitalization for @entity397 in @entity164 2 @entity6 : the Fremantle XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1409 :: ('MESH:D012422', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous ruptures']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['tendon rupture', 'tendon ruptures']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little is known about the prognostic factors for @entity151 ( @entity151 ) in Chinese @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this retrospective study was to improve our understanding of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) prognostic factors in Chinese @entity1 with @entity151 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 999 @entity151 cases was performed. @entity1 characteristics, treatments, and laboratory data, including platelet counts and serum @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum @entity1372 levels, were collected. Potential prognostic factors for @entity1349 and PFS were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median @entity1349 and PFS were 10.6 and 7.0 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify stage, serum LDH, and several therapy-relevant factors, including the initial chemotherapy regimen, number of initial chemotherapy cycles and combination therapy, as independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 . Furthermore, female sex, normal LDH levels, a response to therapy, receiving six cycles of initial chemotherapy, and receiving chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and/or surgery were favorable prognostic factors for PFS. In addition, @entity1 with @entity2753 had a worse @entity1349 ; therefore, @entity2753 could not influence survival when a good response to therapy was achieved, and it failed to predict PFS. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that several factors, including @entity1 , @entity5 and treatment characteristics and serum LDH levels are independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 and PFS in Chinese @entity1 with @entity151 . The identification of such factors will help physicians compare different populations and to interpret the contribution of treatment to differences in survival among groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: The value of prognostic factors in Chinese XXXX with @entity151 : A retrospective study of 999 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liquid @entity1568 endoscopic spray cryotherapy can safely and effectively eradicate high-grade @entity1141 in @entity355 (BE-HGD). Long-term data on treatment success and safety are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of spray cryotherapy in @entity1 with BE-HGD. DESIGN: Single-center, retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary-care referral center. @entity1 : A total of 32 @entity1 with BE-HGD of any length. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were treated with liquid @entity1568 spray cryotherapy every 8 weeks until complete eradication of HGD (CE-HGD) and intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) was found by endoscopic biopsy. Surveillance endoscopy with biopsies was performed for at least 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: CE-HGD, CE-IM, durability of response, disease progression, and adverse events. RESULTS: CE-HGD was 100% (32/32), and CE-IM was 84% (27/32) at 2-year follow-up. At last follow-up (range 24-57 months), CE-HGD was 31/32 (97%), and CE-IM was 26/32 (81%). Recurrent HGD was found in 6 (18%), with CE-HGD in 5 after repeat treatment. One @entity1 progressed to @entity420 , downgraded to HGD after repeat cryotherapy. BE segment length  >= 3 cm was associated with a higher recurrence of IM (P  = .004; odds ratio 22.6) but not HGD. No serious adverse events occurred. @entity850 was seen in 3 @entity1 (9%), all successfully dilated. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective study design, small sample size. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with BE-HGD, liquid @entity1568 spray cryotherapy has an acceptable safety profile and success rate for eliminating HGD and IM and is associated with a low rate of recurrence or progression to @entity5 with long-term follow-up.

title: Liquid @entity1568 spray cryotherapy in @entity355 with high-grade XXXX : long-term results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Stricture']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: We examined bone marrow specimens from 19 @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and/or @entity706 ( @entity706 ) with concurrent @entity9058 ( @entity9058 ) who suffered from high fever, @entity828 , @entity409 , profound @entity1503 , and erythrophagocytosis. There was little lymph-node enlargement or no @entity5 formation. The neoplastic cells in 3 @entity1 exhibited histiocytes/macrophages phenotype with positive reactions for @entity1388 -sensitive nonspecific esterase, @entity16977 and @entity469 (KP1). Twelve other @entity1 showed a T-cell (CD3) phenotype, in which 5 @entity1 expressed @entity5823 (BerH2) as well. B-cell characteristics with @entity2225 (L26), @entity8946 . nu lambda and gamma kappa were manifest in 2 @entity1 , but indeterminate markers were found in the 2 remaining @entity1 . Eighteen @entity1 showed an infiltration of large neoplastic cells mainly with noncohesive interstitial growth pattern, ranging from 1.7% to 74.2% of the nucleated cells in the bone marrow. A large number of histiocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells was diffusely observed in 15 @entity1 . Severely decreased hematopoiesis in all three series of hematopoietic cells was found in 16 @entity1 . Bone marrow infiltration by the neoplastic cells and numerous reactive cells with erythrophagocytosis appears to be an important factor of profound @entity1503 in @entity1 of @entity5 and/or @entity706 with @entity9058 . The infiltrating pattern of the neoplastic and reactive cells in the bone marrow of @entity5 and/or @entity706 with @entity9058 was different from that of other types of peripheral T-cell @entity706 , B-cell @entity706 in high grade malignancy, and @entity978 . Cell characteristics and lineage of the neoplastic cells in @entity5 and/or @entity706 with @entity9058 are also discussed in this study.

title: Bone marrow findings in @entity5 and/or @entity706 with concurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['ML', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome', 'HS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant histiocytosis', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity9058 :: (MESH:D051359,Disease) :: ['hemophagocytic syndrome']


abstract: Seventeen @entity1 with adolescent idiopathic @entity1635 underwent short segment anterior spinal fusion with a solid rod-screw construct. @entity1 were evaluated radiographically and interviewed using the Scoliosis Research Society instrument. Mean radiographic follow-up was 34 months, and mean follow-up at time of interview was 62 months. Mean curve correction was 87%, declining to 67% at 2 years. Mean correction of the instrumented curve was 114%, declining to 103% at 2 years. The thoracic curve improved 24% and remained stable throughout the follow-up period. @entity1513 over the instrumented segments increased from 4 degrees preoperatively to 10 degrees postoperatively. Although there was a trend toward increasing @entity1513 over time, this was not statistically significant at final follow-up. Most @entity1 (88%) were extremely satisfied with the surgical result. We believe that a short-segment anterior fusion with a solid rod-screw construct provides excellent curve correction with minimal @entity1513 over the instrumented segment. Overcorrection of the instrumented segment must be achieved for this technique to be successful.

title: Solid rod short segment anterior fusion in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['Kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['thoracolumbar scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['thoracolumbar scoliosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7271 is a potentially fatal autoimmune mucocutaneous @entity4530 . Conventional therapy consists of high-dose @entity288 , immunosuppressive agents, and intravenous immune globulin. METHODS: We studied @entity1 with refractory @entity7271 involving 30% or more of their body-surface area, three or more mucosal sites, or both who had inadequate responses to conventional therapy and intravenous immune globulin. We treated the @entity1 with two cycles of rituximab (375 mg per square meter of body-surface area) once weekly for 3 weeks and intravenous immune globulin (2 g per kilogram of body weight) in the fourth week. This induction therapy was followed by a monthly infusion of rituximab and intravenous immune globulin for 4 consecutive months. Titers of serum antibodies against keratinocytes and numbers of peripheral-blood B cells were monitored. RESULTS: Of 11 @entity1 , 9 had rapid resolution of lesions and a clinical remission lasting 22 to 37 months (mean, 31.1). All immunosuppressive therapy, including @entity229 , could be discontinued before ending rituximab treatment in all @entity1 . Two @entity1 were treated with rituximab only during recurrences and had sustained remissions. Titers of IgG4 antikeratinocyte antibodies correlated with disease activity. Peripheral-blood B cells became undetectable shortly after initiating rituximab therapy but subsequently returned to normal values. Side effects that have been associated with rituximab were not observed, nor were @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of rituximab and intravenous immune globulin is effective in @entity1 with refractory @entity7271 .

title: Treatment of XXXX with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin.

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['blistering disease']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'Pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: @entity5925 is common clinical and @entity2480 resulting from @entity121 and @entity810 is the most important complication. @entity810 is common in @entity3124 medical @entity1 . The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of @entity5925 induced @entity810 in these @entity1 and to established the prognosis of @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 and @entity5925 . In the study were included 1557 @entity1 treated in our medical intensive care unit. Seventy-three @entity1 had criteria for @entity810 . Twelve of them (16.4%) had @entity5925 , eight were @entity1 and four were @entity1 (average age was 71 years). Sixty-one @entity1 (83.6%) had @entity810 without @entity5925 , 33 were @entity1 and 28 were @entity1 (average age was 69 years). We found no difference in age and sex between @entity1 with @entity810 with or without @entity5925 . Ten @entity1 (83.3%) with @entity5925 and 39 @entity1 (63.9%) without @entity5925 had @entity177 . In @entity1 with @entity5925 , the number of failing organs were statistically significantly higher (p < 0.027). Nine @entity1 (75%) with @entity5925 and 27 @entity1 (44.3%) without @entity5925 died. Mortality was statistically significantly higher (p < 0.05) in @entity1 with @entity5925 . @entity5925 with @entity810 was frequently observed in @entity1 treated in our medical intensive care unit. @entity177 was common in these @entity1 and mortality was higher compared to @entity1 without @entity5925 .

title: @entity5925 and XXXX in intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Multiorgan failure syndrome', 'multiorgan failure syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyolysis', 'rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity2480 :: ('MESH:D007757', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory syndrome']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal muscle injury']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 tend to be sedentary during the after-school hours, and this has deleterious effects on their health. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of a 3-year after-school physical activity (PA) program, without restriction of dietary energy intake, on percent body fat (%BF), @entity410 ( @entity410 ), and cardiometabolic markers in @entity1 . METHODS: A cluster randomization design was employed. A total of 574 3rd grade @entity1 from 18 elementary schools in the southeastern United States participated. The intervention consisted of 80 minutes of age-appropriate moderate-to-vigorous PA each school day. The main outcomes of interest were %BF measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; @entity410 measured by heart rate in response to a submaximal step test; nonfasting total and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C); and resting blood pressure (BP). RESULTS: Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant treatment by time interactions for %BF (p = 0.009) and @entity410 (p = 0.0003). The change pattern of the means suggested that %BF and @entity410 in intervention @entity1 improved relative to control @entity1 during the school months, rebounding to the levels of control @entity1 over the summers following years 1 and 2. Year-by-year analyses of what occurred during the months when the program was offered revealed dose   response relations for %BF and @entity410 , such that the clearest beneficial effects were seen for those youth who attended at least 60% of the after-school sessions. No significant intervention effects were seen for @entity165 or BP. CONCLUSIONS: An after-school PA program was effective in reducing adiposity and improving @entity410 , especially in the @entity1 who attended the sessions at least 3 days/week. However, the favorable effects on %BF and @entity410 were lost over the summer. Thus, it is critical to incorporate strategies that attract and retain the @entity1 to receive an adequate dose of PA year-round.

title: The impact of a 3-year after-school obesity prevention program in elementary school XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been performed for @entity320 by many researchers since Morton's report in 1992. The technique has been well discussed, however, there have been only few reports about the application of SNB for treatment strategy of @entity320 @entity1 . Besides, we have not yet enough information of the clinical significance of SNB for @entity320 @entity1489 . In this paper, we report two new findings of SNB for @entity320 @entity1 from the results of a multi-institutional study of SNB in 203 cases of @entity320 . Firstly, the incidence of @entity3 in non-sentinel node (non-SN) is less than 1% if no @entity3 in SN; the identification rate of SN was 97.5%, the false negative rate was 0.98%, and correct diagnosis rate was 99.0%. Secondly, the incidence of @entity3 in non-SN is less than 36.4% when @entity1 had @entity16413 or pSN 2 @entity3 . That means total removal of lymphnode @entity3 can be achieved in 63.6% @entity1 with lymphnode @entity3 through SNB. Finally, we studied the usefulness of SNB on 71 cases of @entity320 @entity1489 , and found the SN concept was also applicable for @entity957 or invasive case of genital @entity4261 ( @entity189 ). Especially, we believe SNB for @entity1 with @entity189 is as useful as for @entity320 @entity1 according our results of 25 cases; the identification rate of SN was 97.6%, the false negative rate was 0%, and correct diagnosis rate was 100%. SNB should be applied for @entity1 with @entity189 as a diagnostic method of lymphnode @entity3 and to determine the indication of lymphnode dissection, and its usefulness must be analyzed in the near future.

title: [Sentinel node navigation surgery in @entity320 and XXXX malignant @entity1489 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['malignant skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's carcinoma"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'non-melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['non-melanoma']


abstract: Cloned @entity19 keratinocytes (MK-1 cells) display density-dependent @entity851 when reaching confluency in a serum-free medium with a @entity460 concentration less than 0.1 mM, supplemented only with insulin and @entity3654 . In this quiescent state, greater than 95% of the cell population is in the Go/1 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment of quiescent MK-1 cells with 1 to 10 ng/ml @entity6354 ( @entity6354 ) resulted in a sharp burst of DNA synthetic activity. Both insulin and cholera toxin potentiated the mitogenic effect of @entity6354 , but neither agent was necessary or sufficient to induce thymidine incorporation into DNA. @entity619 abolished the effect of insulin, but not the mitogenic effect of @entity6354 alone. In contrast, @entity1968 (RA) did not possess any mitogenic effect for quiescent MK-1 cells, nor did it modulate the actions of @entity6354 or @entity619 . A number of commercially available crude extracts of @entity291 brain and pituitary were also capable of initiating DNA synthesis in resting MK-1 cells. Finally, transforming growth factor type beta ( @entity641 ) proved to be a potent inhibitor of the mitogen-induced DNA synthesis in MK-1 cells (IC50:10 pM). This defined culture system is eminently suited to study the regulation of DNA synthesis of epidermal cells. In addition, it can be used as a sensitive bioassay for the detection of epidermal mitogens, as well as inhibitors of DNA synthesis such as @entity641 .

title: Reinitiation of DNA synthesis in quiescent XXXX keratinocytes; regulation by polypeptide hormones, cholera toxin, @entity619 , and @entity1968 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity6354 :: ('13645(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['EGF', 'epidermal growth factor']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Cancer can develop in the operated stomach after partial gastrectomy and in the reconstructed gastric tube after surgery for @entity418 . It is considered that endoscopic therapy is more safe and suitable for the early @entity356 developed in such stomach than operation. We investigated the efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for @entity5 of the operated stomach. METHODS: Subjects were 669 @entity356 @entity1 who underwent ESD: 22 @entity1 (23 lesions) had surgically altered gastric anatomy, whereas 647 @entity1 (727 lesions) had normal gastric anatomy. In the altered gastric anatomy group, 13 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 , and 3 @entity1 had previously undergone distal gastrectomy, gastric tube reconstruction, and proximal gastrectomy, respectively. Rates of complete en bloc resection and curative resection were compared between the two groups. Influence of an anastomotic site and/or a suture line on ESD outcomes was examined in the altered gastric anatomy group. RESULTS: The rate of complete en bloc resection by ESD was 82.6% (19/23 lesions) in the altered gastric anatomy group and 92.3% (671/727 lesions) in the normal gastric anatomy group. The rate of curative resection and incident rates of complications were not significantly different between the groups. In the altered gastric anatomy group, the rate of complete en bloc resection was significantly lower when a lesion had spread across an anastomotic site and/or a suture line (P   =   0.0372). Furthermore, duration of ESD was significantly longer (P   =   0.0276), and resection efficiency was significantly lower (13 mm(2)/min, P   =   0.0283), when treating lesions with an anastomotic site and/or a suture line than when treating @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Outcome of ESD for @entity5 of the operated stomach compares with that in normal stomach anatomy. Anastomotic site/suture line within a lesion influenced the ESD procedure.

title: Efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX of the operated stomach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether protein C levels predict 30-day mortality rate, shock status, duration of ICU stay, and @entity734 in @entity1 with @entity295 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of a subset of a previously published, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial ("Effects of @entity5018 on the Physiology and Survival of @entity1 With @entity295 " [ISS]). SETTING: A multicenter study performed in the United States and Canada (seven sites). @entity1 : Seventy hospitalized @entity1 with acute severe @entity295 and failure in one or more organs at entry into the ISS trial. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood samples were obtained from all @entity1 at baseline and at 20, 44, 72, and 120 h after the initiation of study drug ( @entity5018 or placebo) infusion. Data obtained at these times included platelet count, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. The results described in this article are based on a subset of the total ISS population for whom additional coagulation assays were performed on the blood samples obtained at baseline and 44 h. These assays included protein C antigen, D-dimer, and @entity2002 levels. A total of 63 of the 70 @entity1 (90%) studied in this report had acquired @entity7131 at entry to the ISS trial (baseline). The presence and severity of acquired @entity7131 were associated with poor clinical outcome, including lower survival rate, higher incidence of shock, and fewer ICU-free and ventilator-free days. CONCLUSIONS: Acquired @entity7131 may be useful in predicting clinical outcome in @entity1 with @entity295 . Clinical studies are warranted to determine whether the replacement of protein C in @entity295 @entity1 may improve outcome.

title: Low levels of protein C are associated with poor outcome in severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein C deficiency']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator dependence']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wanted to examine whether brain computed tomography (CT) perfusion can help to detect the reconstitution of cerebral hemodynamics and predict @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) after carotid stenting. METHODS: From September 2002 to October 2009, data of 114 @entity1 with carotid intervention were prospectively collected, and we retrospectively identified a total of 108 consecutive @entity1 with unilateral carotid stenting. Brain CT perfusion was studied at three time points: 1 week before, and 1 week and 6 months after stenting. Cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow, and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) of brain CT perfusion were examined at cortical and subcortical areas of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery territory. The CBV, cerebral blood flow, and @entity1054 ratios of stenting side/nonstenting side were used for comparison. The flow direction of ophthalmic artery was detected by sonography, and the presence of anterior communicating artery was examined on prestenting cerebral angiogram. RESULTS: After carotid stenting, CBV and @entity1054 ratios improved significantly in both MCA cortical and subcortical areas in @entity1 with @entity543 (P < .01) but not in @entity1 with bilateral @entity543 . @entity1 with reversed ophthalmic flow had better improvement of @entity1054 in both @entity9623 and posterior cerebral artery territories (P < .05) than @entity1 with forward flow. However, no significant difference was found between @entity1 with and @entity1 without anterior communicating artery collateral (P > .05). The prestenting @entity1054 ratio in MCA subcortical area was significantly higher in @entity1 with poststenting @entity1779 than @entity1 without @entity1779 (P = .0191). CONCLUSIONS: Cerebral hemodynamics can be reconstituted within a few days after carotid revascularization, especially in @entity1 with reversed ophthalmic flow. Prolonged @entity1054 in prestenting MCA subcortical area may suggest a high risk of poststenting @entity1779 .

title: Brain computed tomography perfusion may help to detect hemodynamic reconstitution and predict XXXX after carotid stenting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis', 'unilateral carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to peak']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: This study was first employed to investigate the developmental potential of @entity19 hatched blastocyts (HBs) vitrified by a two-step @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ) method. HBs were obtained by culture of morulae in vitro. First, the embryos were placed in four cryprotectant solutions - that is, 10% @entity10977 (EG), 10%E + 10%D (10% EG and 10% @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ) in mPBS), EFS30 (30% EG, Ficoll, and @entity969 ) and EDFS30 (15% EG, 15% @entity3733 , Ficoll, and @entity969 )--at 25 degrees C for 0.5 to 10 min, respectively, to determine their optimal survival after rapid dilution in 0.5 M @entity969 . Secondly, based on the above best survival, the embryos were plunged into liquid @entity1568 after first pretreatment in 10%E for 0.5 min and then 0.5 min equilibration in EFS30 (Group 1), or 10%E + 10%D and EDFS30 for 0.5 min, respectively (Group 2). When warming, three methods were used to dilute the cryoprotectants from the vitrified embryos. The embryos were assessed by the re-expansion of the blastocoel or development to term. The result showed that all the vitrified-warmed HBs got high in vitro survival rates (83.7% to 98.9%). The highest in vitro survival rates (87.8% in Group 1, 98.9% in Group 2) were obtained when the vitrified embryos were diluted first in 0.3 M @entity969 for 5 min, then in 0.15 M @entity969 for 2 min (method C). When the vitrified embryos diluted with method C were transferred, their survival rate in vivo (35.5% to 42.2% of the total) were similar to (P > 0.05) that of control (45.7%). These results demonstrate @entity1538 method was highly efficient for the cryopreservation of @entity19 HBs.

title: Open-pulled straw ( @entity1538 ) vitrification of XXXX hatched blastocysts.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-pulled straw', 'OPS']

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulphoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) treatment with a tubeless patch pump has not been previously evaluated in a large cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: This multisite, retrospective study evaluated glycemic control in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (n = 873) after 3 months treatment the Omnipod(  ) @entity2690 management system (Insulet Corporation, Billerica, MA) compared to prior treatment with @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) (78.1%) or CSII (21.9%). The primary outcome was change in @entity4051 c from baseline at 3 months post-Omnipod treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes included shifts in @entity4051 c to target levels, change in @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) of @entity2690 and in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes. RESULTS: HbA1c was significantly improved at 3 months post-Omnipod treatment for the total population (mean    SD): -0.6%    1.3 (P < .001). HbA1c was also significantly lower compared to @entity2794 : -0.3%    1.3, -0.4%    1.4, -0.8%    1.3 and -0.6%    1.3 (P = .002 to P < .001) and CSII: -0.3%    0.8, -1.1%    1.6 (P < .01), -0.4%    1.1 (P < .001), and -0.5%    1.1 (P < .001) for pediatric, adolescent, adult, and total populations, respectively. There was a 37.9% change increase in the proportion of @entity1 >= 18 years and a 39.3% change increase in those <18 years achieving ADA treatment targets (P = .004 to P < .001). There was a 16.4% change decrease in @entity2794 of @entity2690 at 3 months for the total population (P < .001). The frequency of self-reported @entity4053 decreased significantly (P < .001) by 1.0    2.4 episodes per week. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with the Omnipod @entity2690 management system was associated with clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in glycemic control, reduction in daily @entity2690 requirement and reduction in the frequency and severity of hypoglycemic episodes.

title: Efficacy of the Omnipod @entity2690 Management System on Glycemic Control in XXXX With Type 1 @entity6 Previously Treated With Multiple Daily Injections or Continuous Subcutaneous @entity2690 Infusion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['total daily dose', 'MDI', 'TDD', 'multiple daily injections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity6 during pregnancy may be associated with a high rate of @entity154 , disturbances of intrauterine growth and often post-natal @entity4934 in the offspring. The latter are associated with pregestational ( @entity15508 ) as well as with @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ). In this review we discuss the effects of maternal @entity413 intolerance on the long-term growth and development of the offspring. In well-controlled @entity6 , birth weight is often within normal limits while in partially controlled @entity6 newborns are often macrosomic. In @entity15508 mothers with @entity8 , newborns tend to be born prematurely and small for gestational age (SGA). Offspring of @entity6 mothers are often large and overweight in comparison to controls. Their long-term development is sometimes impaired. Delayed @entity75 is often observed in newborns of @entity6 mothers compared to controls. The IQ scores of the @entity1 born to well controlled @entity6 mothers are generally similar to that of control @entity1 . However, these @entity1 perform less well than controls in fine and gross motor functions. They also seem to have a higher rate of inattention and/or @entity2915 as observed by various tests and questionnaires. In our studies we found, in accordance with published literature, a negative correlation between the performance of the @entity1 born to mothers with @entity15508 or @entity6677 on various neurodevelopmental and behavioral tests and the severity of maternal @entity4854 as assessed by blood glycosylated hemoglobin levels and @entity1270 . IN CONCLUSION: @entity15508 or @entity6677 may adversely affect intrauterine and postnatal growth, attention span and motor functions of the offspring, but not their cognitive ability unless complicated by @entity8 or @entity101 . These effects are negatively correlated with the degree of maternal glycemic control.

title: Growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of XXXX born to mothers with pregestational and @entity6677 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes', 'GD']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain maturity']

entities_list: @entity4934 :: ('MESH:D019954', 'Disease') :: ['neurobehavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['acetonuria']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate objective functional and radiographic outcomes after internal fixation of acute, displaced, and unstable @entity174 of the distal aspect of the radius in adults by using a low-profile dorsal plating system. Our hypothesis was that the low-profile dorsal plating system would allow for a @entity146 and @entity158 and provide stable osseous fixation. METHODS: Sixty consecutive unstable @entity174 in 59 @entity1 were treated by open reduction internal fixation using a low-profile dorsal plating system. There were 29 type A, 14 type B, and 8 type C @entity174 (AO classification system). Fifty @entity1 with 51 @entity174 returned for outcomes assessment by physical examination, plain radiographs, and completion of a validated musculoskeletal function assessment questionnaire. The minimum follow-up period was 1 year; the mean follow-up period was 24 months. Clinical evaluation was performed and plain radiographs were assessed for maintenance of immediate @entity86 . Objective functional assessment was obtained through the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. RESULTS: Outcomes analysis showed no cases of extensor tendon irritation or @entity397 . Hardware removal was performed in 1 @entity1 but no extensor tendon irritation or @entity397 was evidenced. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was 11.9; implant-related discomfort was minimal. All @entity1 had an excellent (31 @entity1 ) or good (19 @entity1 ) result according to the scoring system of Gartland and Werley. The mean active range of motion was greater than 80% of that of the contralateral wrist in flexion/extension, pronation/supination, and ulnar/radial deviation. Extensor tendon function was unimpaired in all @entity1 . Grip and pinch strength averaged 90% and 94% of the contralateral sides, respectively. Radiographic evaluation showed no change in @entity174 reduction or implant position. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of distal radius @entity174 with a low-profile stainless steel dorsal plating system is a safe and effective method that provides stable internal fixation and allows for full extensor tendon glide and full metacarpophalangeal joint motion. Objective outcome testing showed uniformly good to excellent recovery of wrist and hand function in all @entity1 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, Level IV.

title: Treatment of distal radius XXXX with a low-profile dorsal plating system: an outcomes assessment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of extensor tendon irritation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative reduction and implant position']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: We present a new paradigm for the closed-loop administration of analgesics during general anesthesia. The manipulated variable in the control system is the infusion rate of the opiate @entity680 , administered intravenously through a computer-controlled infusion pump (CCIP). The outputs to be controlled are the @entity1 's @entity551 ( @entity551 ) and the drug concentration in the plasma. Maintaining @entity551 within appropriate ranges provides optimal treatment of the @entity1 's reactions to surgical stimuli. Maintaining plasma drug concentrations close to a reference value specified by the anesthesiologist allows to titrate analgesic administration to qualitative clinical end-points of insufficient @entity1337 . @entity551 is acquired invasively through a catheter cannula. Since plasma drug concentrations cannot be measured on-line, they are estimated via a pharmacokinetic model. We describe an explicit model-predictive controller which achieves the above-mentioned objectives. An upper constraint on drug concentrations is maintained to avoid @entity1445 . Constraints on the @entity551 are introduced to trigger a prompt controller reaction during @entity101 and @entity551 periods. Measurement artifacts in the @entity551 signal are rejected to prevent harmful misbehavior of the controller. We discuss the results of the clinical validation of the controller on @entity1 .

title: A new paradigm for the closed-loop intraoperative administration of analgesics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'MAP', 'mean arterial pressure']

entities_list: @entity1445 :: ('MESH:D062787', 'Disease') :: ['overdosing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: To compare the outcomes of thoracic @entity616 with thoracic @entity616 for thoracotomy in pediatric @entity1 . A prospective double-blind study. 60 pediatric @entity1 aged 1-24 months, ASA II, III scheduled for thoracotomy were randomly allocated into two groups. After induction of general anesthesia, thoracic epidural catheter was inserted in group E (epidural) @entity1 and thoracic paravertebral catheter was inserted in group P (paravertebral) @entity1 . Post operative @entity158 score was recorded hourly for 24 hours. Plasma @entity701 level was recorded at three time points. Tidal breathing analysis was done preoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively. Analgesia, serum @entity701 level, and pulmonary function parameters were comparable in the two groups. However, failure rate (incorrect placement of catheter) was significantly higher in epidural group than in paravertebral group (7% versus 0%, respectively). The complications were also significantly higher in epidural group ( @entity391 14.8%, urine retention 11.1% and @entity551 14.8%) than paravertebral group (0%, 0%, and 3.6%, respectively). We conclude that both thoracic @entity616 and thoracic @entity616 results in comparable @entity158 score and pulmonary function after thoracotomy in pediatric @entity1 ; the @entity616 is associated with significantly less failure rate and side effects.

title: Can thoracic @entity616 replace thoracic XXXX in pediatric cardiac surgery? A randomized blinded study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['epidural block', 'paravertebral block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['epidural block']


abstract: Calorie restriction (CR) @entity263 progression, partially through modulation of the IGF axis. @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ) blockade @entity263 xenograft growth. We hypothesized that combining calorie restriction with @entity2856 blockade would have an additive effect on @entity263 growth. Severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 were subcutaneously injected with @entity1 cells and randomized to: (1) Ad libitum feeding/intraperitoneal saline (Ad-lib); (2) Ad-lib/20 mg/kg twice weekly, intraperitoneal ganitumab [anti- @entity2856 antibody (Ad-lib/Ab)]; (3) 40% calorie restriction/intraperitoneal saline (CR); (4) CR/ intraperitoneal ganitumab, (CR/Ab). CR and ganitumab treatment were initiated one week after @entity5 injection. Euthanasia occurred 19 days post treatment. Results showed that CR alone decreased final @entity5 weight, plasma insulin and @entity442 levels, and increased apoptosis. Ganitumab therapy alone reduced @entity5 growth but had no effect on final @entity5 weight. The combination therapy (CR/Ab) further decreased final @entity5 weight and proliferation, increased apoptosis in comparison to the Ad-lib group, and lowered plasma insulin levels relative to the Ad-lib and Ad-lib/Ab groups. Tumor AKT activation directly correlated with plasma @entity442 levels. In conclusion, whereas ganitumab therapy modestly affected 22Rv1 @entity5 growth, combining @entity2856 blockade with calorie restriction resulted in a significant @entity5 weight and improved metabolic profile.

title: Effects of Calorie Restriction and @entity2856 Blockade on the Progression of 22Rv1 XXXX Xenografts.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['inhibits prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'reduces prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'decrease in final tumor']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Intractable @entity548 in the left and right upper quadrants, the pelvic area, and, especially, the liver is an acute, life-threatening condition. Practitioners typically gain control through firm tamponade of the bleeding site with dry laparotomy packs. This approach, however, has many disadvantages. An alternative approach is described and recommended for consideration when intra-abdominal tamponade is required and relaparotomy is not anticipated. A 22-Fr catheter is inserted through a stab wound and a sterile latex condom is ligated proximal to the filled catheter reservoir. The condom is then partially filled with sterile saline and the abdomen closed. After closure, intra-condom pressure is gradually increased to approximately 40 @entity47698 . The surrounding structures are smoothly covered during expansion and adequate packing is obtained. The balloon is deflated gradually and left in place temporarily after correction of @entity1003 and stabilization of the @entity1 's general condition. Should rebleeding occur, the condom may be reinflated; if not, it is removed. This practice saves lives without obstructing closure of the abdominal wall, losing their tamponading effect once wet, requiring relaparotomy for removal, increasing the risk of would @entity281 and incisional @entity547 , pack adherence to the wound, and increased risk of @entity1320 associated with using dry laparotomy packs.

title: An inflated condom as a packing device for control of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Describe potential cardiac complications of low-dose @entity1089 and other atypical antipsychotic drugs. METHOD: We present a case report of a 45-year-old Black @entity1 with multiple medical and @entity146 problems taking low-dose @entity1089 . RESULTS: Coincident with a generalized @entity410 , the @entity1 developed ' @entity2224 '. She was countershocked with restoration of normal sinus rhythm. The initial electrocardiogram showed @entity1162 . Shortly thereafter, classical @entity1166 appeared, lasted 10 min, and resolved spontaneously. @entity1272 was present. A cardiac electrophysiologist was concerned that the very slow shortening of the @entity1162 after @entity1760 replacement implicated @entity1089 as a risk factor for @entity1162 and @entity1166 . A psychosomatic medicine consultant asserted that the fragmented medical and @entity146 care almost certainly contributed to the @entity1 's medical problems. We discuss other cases of @entity1162 by newer antipsychotic drugs and previous reports by our group concerning the association of psychotropic drugs, @entity1162 , and @entity1166 . CONCLUSION: Atypical antipsychotic drug administration, when accompanied by risk factors, may contribute to @entity943 including @entity1166 .

title: @entity1166 in a @entity1 with complex medical and @entity146 conditions receiving low-dose XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity1166 :: ('MESH:D016171', 'Disease') :: ['torsade de pointes']

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['Hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTc interval prolongation', 'prolonged QTc interval', 'QT interval prolongation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1089 :: (MESH:C069541,Chemical) :: ['quetiapine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of Chinese @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and to investigate possible associations of @entity1149 with echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 ( @entity16242 )- @entity706 kinase ( @entity7041 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) mutations. METHODS: @entity1 with stage IV @entity1149 were screened for @entity16242 - @entity7041 rearrangement and @entity470 mutations at the Peking University Cancer Hospital. @entity16242 - @entity7041 was identified using fluorescent in situ hybridization and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. @entity470 mutations were determined using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity16242 - @entity7041 was 9.7% (11/113). @entity1 with @entity16242 - @entity7041 were more likely to present the @entity470 @entity164 ( @entity164 ; p = 0.033). Response to @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) was similar between @entity1 with @entity16242 - @entity7041 rearrangement and @entity470 mutation (33.3 vs. 46.9%, p = 0.451), but progression-free survival (PFS) was inferior compared to those with @entity470 mutation (2.1 vs. 8.8 months, p = 0.032), and similar to @entity1 with @entity164 /nonrearrangement (2.1 vs. 2.2 months, p = 0.696; and general p = 0.023 between the three cohorts). Moreover, 2 @entity1 with concurrent @entity16242 - @entity7041 and @entity470 mutations had superior PFS after @entity470 -TKI compared to @entity1 with single @entity16242 - @entity7041 rearrangement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity16242 - @entity7041 conferred similar objective response rates after @entity470 -TKI although inferior PFS compared to those with @entity470 mutation. Coexistence of @entity16242 - @entity7041 and @entity470 mutation might represent a separate @entity1149 genotype.

title: @entity16242 - @entity7041 rearrangement and its clinical significance in Chinese XXXX with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity19981 (LND) [ @entity34380 ] is a well-known antispermatogenic drug. The aim of this study was to identify its possible long-term sequelae on the reproductive system of @entity19 as compared with @entity35 , where most data have been obtained until now. Sexually mature @entity2659 male @entity19 were administered a single dose of LND (200 mg/kg bw by gavage) and killed 24 and 48 h, 6 days and 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment. Testes were collected, weighed and (1) fixed in Bouin's solution for histological analysis or (2) reduced to monocellular suspensions and @entity1068 fixed to undergo flow cytometry (FCM) DNA content analysis. No effect on body weight and/or food consumption was observed in the treated group in comparison with the control group. Testicular weight was significantly reduced 24 h after the treatment. Reduced seminiferous epithelium with a progressive lack of intercellular cohesion and marked depletion of spermatids, infiltration of granulocytes, desquamation into the tubular lumen and increased intertubular spaces were present by 24 h after the treatment and persisted to a marked degree at 48 h, 6 days and 2 and 4 weeks up to a marked @entity528 with absence of spermatogenesis. The same effects, albeit with a moderate severity, were still present 8 weeks after the treatment. As also detected by FCM, primary spermatocytes appeared to be the main cellular target. Sertoli and Leydig cells were remarkably spared. The histological findings are consistent with those previously observed in @entity35 and point out that @entity16 may persist for several weeks after a single-dose administration. Findings are discussed in comparison with testicular @entity137 elicited by other xenobiotics.

title: Long-term effects of XXXX on @entity19 testes.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['testicular damage']

entities_list: @entity34380 :: ('CHEBI:50138', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity19981 :: ('MESH:C016371', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonidamine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of tubular structures']

answer: @entity19981 :: (MESH:C016371,Chemical) :: ['lonidamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal local anesthetic regime for femoral @entity616 that balances @entity1337 with mobility after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains undefined. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We compared two volumes and concentrations of a fixed dose of @entity1342 for continuous femoral @entity616 after TKA to a single injection femoral @entity616 with @entity1342 to determine (1) time to discharge readiness; (2) early @entity158 scores and analgesic consumption; and (3) functional outcomes, including range of motion and WOMAC scores at the time of recovery. METHODS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were allocated to one of three continuous femoral @entity616 groups for this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial: a high concentration group ( @entity1342 0.2% infusion), a low concentration group ( @entity1342 0.1% infusion), or a placebo infusion group (saline 0.9% infusion). Infusions were discontinued on postoperative Day (POD) 2. The primary outcome was time to discharge readiness. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, @entity158 , and functional outcomes. Ninety-three @entity1 completed the study protocol; the study was halted early because of unanticipated changes to @entity158 protocols at the host institution, by which time only 61% of the required number of @entity1 had been enrolled. RESULTS: With the numbers available, the mean time to discharge readiness was not different between groups (high concentration group, 62 hours [95% confidence interval [CI], 51-72 hours]; low concentration group, 73 hours [95% CI, 63-83 hours]; placebo infusion group 65 hours [95% CI, 56-75 hours]; p = 0.27). @entity1 in the low concentration group consumed significantly less @entity1286 during the period of infusion ( @entity773 , high concentration group, 56 mg [95% CI, 42-70 mg]; low concentration group, 35 mg [95% CI, 27-43 mg]; placebo infusion group, 48 mg [95% CI, 38-59 mg], p = 0.02; POD 2, high concentration group, 50 mg [95% CI, 41-60 mg]; low concentration group, 33 mg [95% CI, 24-42 mg]; placebo infusion group, 39 mg [95% CI, 30-48 mg], p = 0.04); however, there were no important differences in @entity158 scores or opioid-related side effects with the numbers available. Likewise, there were no important differences in functional outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, which was terminated prematurely before the desired sample size could be achieved, we were unable to demonstrate that varying the concentration and volume of a fixed-dose @entity1342 infusion for continuous femoral @entity616 influences time to discharge readiness when compared with a conventional single-injection femoral @entity616 after TKA. A low concentration of @entity1342 infusion can reduce postoperative opioid consumption but without any important differences in @entity158 scores, side effects, or functional outcomes. These pilot data may be used to inform the statistical power of future randomized trials. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Single-injection or continuous femoral XXXX for total knee arthroplasty?

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['nerve block']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: A number of studies suggest that drugs which increase the release of @entity1063 promote recovery when administered late (days to weeks) after @entity1545 in animals. A small number of clinical studies have investigated the effects of the noradrenergic agonist @entity2254 in @entity1 recovering from motor deficits following @entity64 . To determine whether these findings extend to communication deficits subsequent to @entity64 , we administered @entity2254 , paired with speech/language therapy, to @entity1 with @entity2026 . METHODS: In a prospective, double-blind study, 21 aphasic @entity1 with an acute nonhemorrhagic @entity1188 were randomly assigned to receive either 10 mg @entity2254 or a placebo. @entity1 were entered between days 16 and 45 after onset and were treated on a 3-day/4-day schedule for 10 sessions. Thirty minutes after drug/placebo administration, subjects received a 1-hour session of speech/language therapy. The Porch Index of Communicative Ability was used at baseline, at 1 week off the drug, and at 6 months after onset as the dependent language measure. RESULTS: Although there were no differences between the drug and placebo groups before treatment (P=0.807), by 1 week after the 10 drug treatments ended there was a significant difference in gain scores between the groups (P=0.0153), with the greater gain in the @entity2254 group. The difference was still significant when corrected for initial @entity2026 severity and age. At the 6-month follow-up, the difference in gain scores between the groups had increased; however, the difference was not significant (P=0.0482) after correction for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of @entity2254 paired with 10 1-hour sessions of speech/language therapy facilitated recovery from @entity2026 in a small group of @entity1 in the subacute period after @entity64 . Neuromodulation with @entity2254 , and perhaps other drugs that increase central nervous system @entity1063 levels, may facilitate recovery when paired with focused behavioral treatment.

title: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of amphetamine in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['dextroamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline', 'norepinephrine']

answer: @entity2026 :: (MESH:D001037,Disease) :: ['aphasia']


abstract: Immune cells and hematopoietic progenitors express @entity172 receptors (ER). As ligand-activated transcription factors that modulate chromatin structure, ER regulate transcriptional programs that direct the development or functional responses of immune cells. ER-regulated immune responses likely contribute to significant sex biases in @entity281 , @entity792 and other @entity32 , and changes in immune function during the female hormonal cycle and pregnancy. Here we summarize our own and others' studies showing that ERa signaling regulates the development of dendritic cells (DCs), antigen-presenting cells crucial for initiation of innate and adaptive immunity. During @entity32 , elevated @entity2841 directs the development of new DCs from monocytes or other precursors that infiltrate tissues and lymphoid organs, and these de novo populations of inflammatory DCs have critical roles in programming T cell-mediated responses during @entity281 and @entity792 . @entity53 acting via ERa, but not ERb, promotes the @entity2841 -mediated inflammatory pathway of DC differentiation, leading to the development of DCs with increased functional capacity. @entity53 /ERa signaling acts directly in @entity2841 -stimulated myeloid progenitors to induce elevated levels of @entity20630 , a transcription factor that directs a developmental program underlying @entity9536    DC differentiation. In contrast, during homeostatic Flt3 Ligand-driven DC development, ERa signaling decreases numbers of myeloid progenitors and differentiated DCs, yet promotes more functionally competent DCs. Thus ERa signaling regulates the response of DC progenitors to the external cytokine environment, thereby altering the strength or integrity of DC developmental pathways. The development of increased numbers of DCs during @entity32 will likely increase the magnitude of DC-mediated functional responses including cytokine production, processing and MHC-mediated presentation of antigens, and activation and polarization of T and B lymphocytes; these functions also may be regulated directly by ERa signaling. In sum, via profound effects on DC development and ensuing functional responses, ERa signaling can regulate the quality of the adaptive immune responses and influence the resolution of @entity281 or chronic @entity32 .

title: XXXX receptors regulate an inflammatory pathway of dendritic cell differentiation: mechanisms and implications for immunity.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['Estrogen']


abstract: Bundles of ventral motoneuron axons cross the white matter of the spinal cord, emerge through the cord surface at the CNS-PNS transitional zone (TZ) and continue in the PNS as ventral rootlets. This study identifies immunohistochemical and morphometric changes which characterise the key events in early TZ formation in the @entity35 . E18 is a landmark stage, since it is then that the major events of TZ differentiation are initiated. In the glial processes associated with the TZ, @entity7229 expression decreases, while that of @entity40 increases. In the proximal rootlets the transient expression of CNS markers such as @entity40 and of neural adhesion molecules such as @entity12889 / @entity12890 begin to decrease. Their resulting differential expression clearly defines the CNS-PNS interface. These changes coincide with the arrival of glial nuclei at the TZ. Cell clusters which appear on proximal ventral rootlet surfaces shortly after their emergence from the cord, have by E18 formed an extensive matrix of processes which segregates the axon bundle. This comprises the earliest of two well-defined barriers across the axon bundle. An important function may be to prevent Schwann cell invasion of the cord. Cluster cells display some immunohistochemical features in common with Schwann cells. The second barrier becomes fully established only at P2 and forms the definitive CNS-PNS interface. It consists of processes arising from astrocytes surrounding the TZ. Changes in the nuclear density of the cell types correspond closely to their segregating activity. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes complement one another to deepen and enhance understanding of TZ development.

title: Early development of XXXX ventral root transitional zone: an immunohistochemical and morphometric study.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and the relative effects of disease activity, disability, and past and current use of corticosteroids. METHODS: One hundred ninety-five postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity309 were compared with 597 post-menopausal control subjects. Bone density was measured at the lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual x-ray absorptiometry. @entity1 were divided into 3 groups according to corticosteroid use, i.e., never users (61%), current users (21%), and ex-users (18%). RESULTS: Compared with controls, the never users had no difference in @entity79 at the lumbar spine, but a 6.9% reduction at the femur (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.4-10.3%). In current users (mean daily @entity617 dosage 6.9 mg), @entity79 was reduced by 6.5% at the spine (95% CI 0-13.0%) and by 7.4% at the hip (95% CI 1.2-13.6%) compared with never users, after adjustment for age, weight, duration of menopause, and functional disability. Mean @entity79 was similar in the ex-user and never user groups. Results were confirmed in 54 @entity1 who had whole-body @entity79 measurements. There were inverse correlations between @entity79 and Health Assessment Questionnaire scores (femoral @entity79 r = -0.23, P < 0.01; whole-body @entity79 r = -0.40, P < 0.01) and between @entity79 and cumulative @entity134 dose (femoral @entity79 r = -0.32, P < 0.01; whole-body @entity79 r = -0.72, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity309 is more evident at the hip than the spine, and the most important determinants of @entity604 are disability and cumulative corticosteroid dose. Low-dose @entity230 cannot be used with complacency, but recovery after discontinuation of use may be possible.

title: The effect of @entity309 and @entity134 therapy on bone density in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6313 is a recalcitrant @entity5806 caused by dermatophytes, @entity375 , and molds. AIMS: To compare the clinical efficacy of oral @entity2059 pulse therapy and oral @entity8974 pulse therapy in @entity6313 . METHODS: A randomized single-blind clinical comparative study was undertaken on 120 @entity1 of @entity6313 during the period March 1999-February 2002. Sixty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity2059 100 mg, two capsules twice daily for seven days a month and the other group of sixty @entity1 received oral @entity8974 250 mg, one tablet twice daily for seven days every month. Four such monthly pulses were administered for each drug. The @entity1 were evaluated at 4-weekly intervals till sixteen weeks and then at 24, 36 and 48 weeks. RESULTS: We observed a clinical cure rate of 82% and mycological cure rate of 90% in the group of @entity1 treated with @entity2059 while the group with @entity8974 showed clinical and mycological cure rates of 79% and 87% respectively. This difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Both oral @entity2059 and @entity8974 are effective in the treatment of @entity6313 when administered in the pulse dosage form. @entity8974 is more cost effective while @entity2059 has a broader spectrum of antimycotic activity.

title: An open randomized comparative study of oral @entity2059 pulse and XXXX pulse in the treatment of @entity6313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['disease of the nails']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: @entity17160 ( @entity17160 ) is a subset of @entity1566 , characterized by more motor involvement of the upper extremities than the lower extremities and sacral sensory sparing. @entity1 with @entity17160 have been reported to have a good rehabilitation and urologic outcome. Our purpose was to assess the urologic outcome in a group of @entity1 with @entity17160 . We reviewed 23 @entity1 with @entity17160 who were admitted to Hines VA Hospital between 1983 and 1991, 20 of whom were older than 50 years of age. Urodynamic studies showed @entity427 with a synergistic EMG in 15 @entity1 and @entity427 with external urethral @entity1690 (DSD) in five @entity1 . Three @entity1 with no urologic problems were not tested. Bladder sensation was preserved during filling in all @entity1 . At follow-up (median = 2-4 months), 16 @entity1 (70 percent) were voiding, seven of whom required either occasional external or intermittent catheterization; nine were voiding independently. The seven other @entity1 (30 percent) required either continuous external or intermittent catheterization (including the five with DSD). Urologic morbidity in the period after SCI included: @entity293 (12), renal (2) and @entity3226 (2), superficial @entity150 (1), @entity3892 (1) and none (6). Fifteen @entity1 (65 percent) were ambulatory at follow-up while four @entity1 needed wheelchairs. Data were not available for the other four @entity1 . Urodynamic studies in three of the wheelchair-bound @entity1 showed that two of them had DSD. Most @entity1 with @entity17160 have favorable urologic and rehabilitation outcomes and can be managed conservatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Urologic aspects of traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter dyssynergia']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity17160 :: ('MESH:D020210', 'Disease') :: ['CCS', 'Central cord syndrome', 'central cord syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['epididymitis']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity17160 :: (MESH:D020210,Disease) :: ['central cord syndrome']


abstract: @entity3926 has been associated with greater risk of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) than @entity1229 . It is unknown whether the increased risk is unique to @entity3926 , an adverse effect shared by other oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), or the result of a protective effect of @entity1229 against @entity583 . To address these questions, we systematically searched MEDLINE and performed a meta-analysis on randomized trials that compared oral DTIs with @entity1229 for any indication with end point of MIs after randomization. We furthermore performed a secondary meta-analysis on @entity955 prevention trials with alternative anticoagulants compared with @entity1229 with end point of MIs after randomization. A total of 11 trials (39,357 @entity1 ) that compared @entity1229 to DTIs ( @entity3926 , ximelagatran, and @entity50910 ) were identified. In these trials, @entity1 treated with oral DTIs were more likely to experience an @entity583 than their counterparts treated with @entity1229 (285 of 23,333 vs 133 of 16,024, odds ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 1.66, p  = 0.005). For secondary analysis, 8 studies (69,615 @entity1 ) were identified that compared @entity1229 with alternative anticoagulant including factor Xa inhibitors, DTIs, @entity117 , and @entity1397 . There was no significant advantage in the rate of MIs with the use of @entity1229 versus comparators (odds ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 1.34, p  = 0.59). In conclusion, our data suggest that oral DTIs were associated with increased risk of @entity583 . This increased risk appears to be a class effect of these agents, not a specific phenomenon unique to @entity3926 or protective effect of @entity1229 . These findings support the need for enhanced postmarket surveillance of oral DTIs and other novel agents.

title: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on risk of XXXX from the use of oral direct thrombin inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation stroke']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: To clarify the role of the neural blood pressure control system in hemodynamic changes after @entity6948 ( @entity3784 ) administration, we examined the effects of an intravenous injection of @entity3784 (10 microg/kg) on heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), central venous pressure (CVP) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA) in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity95 using direct recordings of RNA. The animals were divided into four groups: animals with an intact neuraxis (intact group; n = 12), cervical vagotomized animals (vagotomy group; n = 5), sino-aortic denervated animals ( @entity4696 group; n = 5), and animals with @entity4696 plus vagotomy (SADV group; n = 5). An initial HR decrease, which occurred in the intact group, did not occur in the other three groups, suggesting the mediation of the baroreflex. A subsequent HR decrease occurred in the three groups other than the vagotomy group, in which RNA recovered earlier than in the other groups. RNA in the intact group, associated with transient @entity101 , was suppressed shortly after the injection. Such an RNA drop was not eliminated even in the SADV group. Despite recovery of RNA, @entity551 lasted until the end of experiment in the intact and vagotomy groups. However, sustained @entity308 of RNA associated with lasting @entity551 was found in the @entity4696 and SADV groups. CVP in all groups did not change significantly after the injection. These results suggest the following: (1) Initial @entity1168 after @entity3784 is mediated via the baroreflex. Subsequently, HR reductions may result mainly from central sympathetic @entity308 . (2) An initial reduction in RNA is not mediated via the baroreceptor reflex, unlike HR responses, but by central sympatho-inhibitory effects. (3) Long-lasting @entity551 after @entity3784 is likely to be attributable to its peripheral vascular effects including the stimulation of pre-synaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors, rather than to central sympathetic @entity308 .

title: Effects of XXXX , an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, on renal sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity6948 :: (MESH:D020927,Chemical) :: ['dexmedetomidine']