abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the relationship of parameters of @entity28 in relationship to coronary angiography findings with correlation of epicardial fat (EF) thickness in uppermentioned context. METHODS: There were 80 @entity1 examined (43 males, 37 postmenopausal females) undergoing elective coronary angiography. We examined the regular @entity28 parameters - BMI, waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ), and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) using bioimpedance. We assessed the echocardiographically measured EF thickness. We added examination of lipidogram, glycaemia, HOMA-IR (insulin resistance index) and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). The set was divided into group with coronarographically proved @entity850 or stenoses (withCS), and a group without finding of quantifiable @entity850 or stenoses (withoutCS). RESULTS: The average thickness of EF in withCS group was 6.3 vs 5.6 mm in group withoutCS (p < 0.025). The differences in the thickness of EF in mentioned groups were 6.5 vs 5.2 mm in males (p < 0.025, = 20 %) and 6.1 vs 6.0 mm in females (p < 0.025, = 1.64 %). In males in withCS group, there was a dominant fat increase in epicardial region and @entity1386 , and in females in withCS group, the fat deposits were increased in general. BMI was not a dominant parameter of adiposity in neither group (males in withCS group 31.11 vs withoutCS 30.41 kg/m(2); females in withCS group 31.40 vs withoutCS 31.20 kg/m(2)). EF was correlated the most by WC in males (r = 0.488; p < 0.005), and in females too (r = 0.564, p < 0.005). The @entity1 in withCS group had increased HOMA-IR 4.75 vs 3.56 in withoutCS group, and @entity8450 0.22 vs 0.17. CONCLUSION: Thickness of EF in males and VT in females could be considered @entity28 parameters in assessment of pre-clinical stages of @entity453 and prediction of risk of @entity301 . In adipose parameters, EF thickness was correlated the most by WC. Risk stratification of @entity453 is supplemented by increased HOMA-IR and @entity8450 .

title: [The role of epicardial fat and XXXX parameters in the prediction of @entity301 ].

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['AIP', 'aterogenic index of plasma']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['TBF', 'visceral fat', 'total body fat', 'VF']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Several recently observed cases of " @entity944 " caused by @entity9257 give reason for a special discussion of this problem. At the Institute of Legal Medicine only six cases were found in 10.747 autopsies between 1949 and 1970. A brief description of the anatomical structure of the larynx is followed by a discussion of the 4 general pathological entities, which might be the etiological cause of @entity3885 : 1. @entity66 . Disturbances of circulation 3. Inflammations 4. @entity5 Besides the question of the forensic-medical importance of such fatal cases, the difficulty of evaluating some of the patho-morphologic and histologic findings is discussed. Simultaneously attention is drawn to the frequent lack of a clinical history, so that life-supporting measures wuch as tracheotomy and others are applied very late or not at all. Finally the problem of forensic evaluation of larynx-cysts and their etiology is presented. In this context the clarification of a causal relationship with possible previous intubations of the larynx is of major importance.

title: [ XXXX and @entity944 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities 2']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden Death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumors']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['larynx lesions']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal obstruction']

answer: @entity9257 :: (MESH:D007818,Disease) :: ['Larynx lesions']


abstract: @entity262 is characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in various organs. @entity344 are common disease manifestations in this disease and can significantly impair the quality of life. Signs of GI systemic @entity5310 include @entity6123 , @entity8884 , @entity382 , @entity381 , portal @entity101 , and @entity843 . @entity697 as a presenting feature in systemic @entity5310 has not been reported in the literature previously. In this report, we discuss the case of a female @entity1 with systemic @entity5310 (c-KIT @entity5311 (+)) who was admitted for right-sided acute @entity490 . Laboratory study revealed an normal white blood cell count with @entity1712 and an elevated serum tryptase level of 23  g/l. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed an enlarged appendix of 12 mm in diameter, with minimal wall enhancement. Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed. The appendix was found to be hyperemic and firm, and it was densely adherent to the posterior cecum, the surrounding peritoneal wall, and the overlying mesenteric fat. Pathology revealed @entity697 with greater than 30 mast cells per high-power field by immunoperoxidase studies with mast cell tryptase and @entity2467 . The @entity1 subsequently improved and was discharged home. This case is the first reported case with a histological diagnosis of @entity697 resulting from mast cell infiltration. Physicians should be aware of @entity697 as a manifestation of systemic @entity5310 . Prompt diagnosis and management may prevent potentially fatal complications of appendiceal perforation and @entity298 .

title: XXXX presenting as @entity697 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute appendicitis', 'acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity8884 :: ('MESH:D008286', 'Disease') :: ['malabsorption']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity262 :: (MESH:D034721,Disease) :: ['Systemic mastocytosis']


abstract: Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) can stimulate moderate immune responses therefore could potentially be used as a substitute for oil adjuvants in veterinary vaccines. In the present study, it was shown that the isolated active component of LBP3a, combined with a DNA vaccine encoding the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of @entity4441 , induced protection in @entity19 against challenge. Sixty BALB/c @entity19 were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Sub-fractions of polysaccharide LBP3a, at 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg concentrations, respectively, were mixed with a pCI-neo::MOMP (pMOMP) vaccine. @entity19 administrated with pCI-neo + LBP3a were served as a control. All @entity19 were inoculated at day 0, 14, and 28, and challenged on day 44. The effects of LBp3a on serum antibody levels, in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, the activity of interleaukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity5 @entity39 factor a( @entity637 )and @entity1047 clearance were determined. A combination of DNA vaccine and LBP3a induced significantly higher antibody levels in @entity19 , higher T cell proliferation and higher levels of IFN-y and IL-2. @entity19 immunized with DNA and LBP3a also showed significantly higher levels of @entity1047 clearance in @entity19 spleens and a greater @entity630 immune response. The immunoenhancement induced by 25 mg/kg LBP3a is more effective than that induced by a 12.5 and 50 mg/kg. This implies that LBP3a at 25 mg/kg has a high potential to be used as an effective adjuvant with a DNA vaccine against @entity1707 @entity4441 .

title: Co-administration of the polysaccharide of Lycium barbarum with DNA vaccine of XXXX augments protection.

entities_list: @entity4441 :: ('83555', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydophila abortus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

answer: @entity4441 :: (83555,Species) :: ['Chlamydophila abortus']


abstract: @entity4263 ( @entity4263 ) in the absence of major @entity299 is thought to have a good outcome, although this has not been well documented. The objective of the present study was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with a prenatal diagnosis of @entity4263 to the characteristics and outcomes of those diagnosed postnatally. The optimal outcome was defined as intervention-free survival. All @entity1 with @entity4263 diagnosed prenatally and postnatally from 1999 to 2006 at 2 tertiary care institutions were reviewed. @entity1 with a single ventricle, heterotaxy, or valvar @entity1146 were excluded. The differences between groups were assessed using the t test and chi-square test. A total of 54 @entity1 (16 prenatal with 14 live born and 39 postnatal) were included. The @entity1 diagnosed prenatally were diagnosed at a median gestational age of 20 weeks (range 16 to 37). Two deaths in each group were due to @entity712 . The intervention-free survival rate for the prenatal and postnatal groups at 1, 6, and 36 months was 79%, 45%, and 30% and 85%, 61%, and 23%, respectively (p = NS). Of 37 @entity1 , 14 (38%) underwent an arterial switch plus @entity955 so that the morphologic left ventricle supported the systemic circulation, and 6 (16%) underwent repair of associated lesions so the morphologic right ventricle supported the systemic circulation; 4 (11%) of the 37 @entity1 had pacemaker only. Prenatal @entity1 with >1 fetal echocardiogram (12 of 14) did not have progression before birth. In conclusion, @entity4263 has a >70% risk of intervention in the first 3 years after birth. The outlook is guarded and has an important effect on prenatal counseling.

title: Comparison of impact of prenatal versus postnatal diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries', 'CCTGA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial baffling']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac anomalies']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Phase III @entity922 ( @entity922 ) assess clinically important differences in end points that reflect benefit to @entity1 . Here, we evaluate the quality of reporting of the @entity454 ( @entity454 ) and of @entity137 in @entity922 for @entity0 . METHODS: PUBMED was searched from 1995 to 2011 to identify @entity922 for @entity0 . Bias in the reporting of the @entity454 and of @entity137 was assessed using pre-designed algorithms. Associations of bias with the Journal Impact Factor (JIF), changes in the @entity454 compared with information in ClinicalTrials.gov and funding source were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 164 included trials, 33% showed bias in reporting of the @entity454 and 67% in the reporting of @entity137 . The @entity454 was more likely to be reported in the concluding statement of the abstract when significant differences favoring the experimental arm were shown; 59% of 92 trials with a negative @entity454 used secondary end points to suggest benefit of experimental therapy. Only 32% of articles indicated the frequency of grade 3 and 4 @entity137 in the abstract. A positive @entity454 was associated with under-reporting of @entity137 . CONCLUSION: Bias in reporting of outcome is common for studies with negative PEs. Reporting of @entity137 is poor, especially for studies with positive PEs.

title: Bias in reporting of end points of efficacy and XXXX in @entity922 for @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['randomized, clinical trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['primary end point', 'PE']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid stroke volume (SV) assessed in the cerebral aqueduct, via cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, for predicting outcome after shunt surgery in suspected normal pressure @entity1276 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity1 with suspected normal pressure @entity1276 were included. SV was assessed using cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, and the results were kept blinded until postoperative follow-up after 7 +/- 5.8 months (mean +/- standard deviation). Selection to surgery was based on a positive lumbar infusion test or cerebrospinal fluid tap test, and outcome was evaluated with objective tests. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were excluded from SV measurements because of technical difficulties. Eight @entity1 were not operated (negative lumbar infusion test and cerebrospinal fluid tap test). SV in the not operated @entity1 (mean, 66 +/- 53 microl) did not differ from the operated @entity1 (95 +/- 78 microl; P = 0.335). Operated @entity1 showed statistically significant improvements in walk (P = 0.020), reaction time (P = 0.006), and memory (P = 0.001) tests. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to SV range: low (0-50 microl), middle (51-100 microl), and high (>100 microl). No statistically significant (P > 0.05) improvements in any of the objective tests were found in any of the SV ranges. The numbers of individually improved @entity1 were similar in the different SV ranges: six out of seven in the low, nine out of nine in the middle, and five out of eight in the high range. Weak correlations were found between SV and the initial pulse amplitude (Rs = 0.043; P = 0.014) as well as the plateau pulse amplitude (Rs = 0.043; P = 0.014) as measured with the lumbar infusion test. CONCLUSION: The data from this study show no evidence that cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging measurements of SV in the cerebral aqueduct are useful for selecting @entity1 with normal pressure @entity1276 symptoms to shunt surgery.

title: Is aqueductal stroke volume, measured with cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging scans useful in predicting outcome of shunt surgery in suspected normal pressure XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: Because both @entity18145 ( @entity18145 ) and @entity8932 are expressed in @entity731 , we hypothesized that @entity18145 and @entity8932 may play different roles in the formation of vulnerable plaques and that combinatorial knockdown of @entity18145 and @entity8932 genes may enhance the effects of isolated knockdown of the @entity18145 or @entity8932 gene on plaque stabilization. Lentiviruses carrying small interfering RNAs of @entity18145 or @entity8932 were constructed, which knocked down mRNA and protein expression of @entity18145 or @entity8932 significantly in vitro. One hundred and forty @entity6970 -deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-)) @entity19 were randomly allocated to control, mock, @entity18145 interference (TLR1i), @entity8932 interference (TLR2i), and @entity31597 interference ( @entity18145 +2i) subgroups and a constrictive collar was placed around the carotid artery of these @entity19 to induce plaque formation. TLR1i and TLR2i viral suspension was transfected into the carotid plaques separately in the TLR1i and TLR2i subgroups or together in the @entity18145 +2i subgroup. Four weeks after lentivirus transfection, expression of both @entity18145 and @entity8932 in the carotid plaques was remarkably attenuated. Plaques of the @entity18145 i subgroup showed lower macrophage content and @entity777 expression and a thicker fibrous cap compared with the control or mock subgroups. Plaques of the @entity8932 i subgroup showed a higher content of collagen and lower content of lipid and macrophages, a thicker fibrous cap, lower vulnerability index, and lower mRNA expression of @entity777 and @entity1750 than the TLR1i subgroup. In the @entity18145 +2i subgroup, the macrophage and smooth muscle cell content, and the vulnerability index, were ameliorated as compared with those in the @entity8932 i subgroup. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference can be used to efficiently knock down @entity18145 and @entity8932 genes in carotid plaques of @entity6970 (-/-) @entity19 . Although isolated knockdown of @entity18145 or @entity8932 is effective in attenuating plaque vulnerability, combinatorial interference with @entity18145 and @entity8932 exhibits enhanced improvement of plaque stability, and thus provides a useful approach to the stabilization of vulnerable plaques.

title: Enhanced stabilization of @entity731 in XXXX -knockout @entity19 by combinatorial Toll-like receptor-1 and -2 gene silencing.

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['apolipoprotein E']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Statins have additional pleiotropic effects beyond their lipid-lowering effects. In this study, the effects of statins were evaluated in an @entity3352 -induced @entity1819 model in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were divided into eight groups. Distilled water (control group), @entity4546 (30 mg/kg), @entity2993 (20 and 40 mg/kg), @entity3413 (20 and 40 mg/kg), and @entity8671 (20 and 40 mg/kg) were given orally (gavage). Thirty minutes later, @entity3352 (25 mg/kg) was administered orally to all groups. Six hours later, the animals were sacrificed by decapitation. The mean @entity1066 indexes for each group were calculated, and the stomachs were evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS: The @entity1066 indexes were as follows: control 1.72    0.16, @entity4546 0    0.00, and @entity2993 , @entity3413 and @entity8671 (at 20 and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively) 4.28    0.39, 4.99    0.96, 1.72    0.73, 1.90    0.48, 1.85    0.26, and 1.67    0.18. @entity2993 significantly increased the @entity3352 -induced @entity1066 index at both doses and the erosion score at 40 mg/kg dose. Although the 20 mg/kg dose of @entity3413 inhibited mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, the 40 mg/kg dose induced @entity450 . @entity8671 did not decrease mononuclear leukocyte or neutrophil infiltrations at 20 mg/kg dose, and only neutrophil infiltration at the 40 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with gastric discomfort, statins must be used carefully. If statin therapy is needed, we recommend to avoid using @entity2993 and to use the other statins only in the minimum effective dose.

title: Effects of statins in an @entity3352 -induced @entity1819 model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1819 :: ('MESH:D013272', 'Disease') :: ['gastric injury']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity8671 :: ('MESH:C422923', 'Chemical') :: ['rosuvastatin', 'Rosuvastatin']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The kidney and brain expressed protein gene (KIBRA) and the calsyntenin 2 gene (CLSTN2) are reportedly involved in synaptic plasticity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) @entity33612 (KIBRA) and @entity33613 (CLSTN2) have been found to affect memory performance measures. This study examined the association of KIBRA SNP @entity33612 and CLSTN2 SNPs @entity33613 and @entity33614 (a nonsynonymous variant) with @entity73 in 674 African Americans (AAs; 526 current smokers) and 419 European Americans (EAs; 318 current smokers). The subjects' @entity73 was assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The effects on @entity73 of sex, age, education, and @entity286 recency (a possible mediator of gene effects in smokers), the three SNPs, and the interaction of each SNP with @entity286 recency were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. In AAs, there were no main or interaction effects of the SNPs on @entity73 . In EAs, the two CLSTN2 SNPs showed no main effect on @entity73 . However, among EAs, individuals with the KIBRA @entity33612 T allele made significantly more perseverative responses (P=0.002) and perseverative errors (P=0.002) than those with no T allele. Furthermore, among EAs with the @entity33612 T allele, current smokers made significantly fewer perseverative responses (P<0.001) and perseverative errors (P<0.001) than past smokers. Nongenetic factors (age, education, and @entity286 recency) had substantial effects on @entity73 in both AAs and EAs. We conclude that variation in KIBRA influences @entity73 in a population-specific way, and that current smoking status moderates this effect.

title: Cognitive flexibility is associated with KIBRA variant and modulated by recent XXXX use.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: CONTEXT: Most proficiency testing materials (PTM) contain an artificial matrix that may cause immunoassays to perform differently with this material than with clinical samples. We hypothesized that matrix effects would be reduced by using fresh frozen serum (FFS). OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of an FFS pool to standard PTM for measurement of @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity1 @entity1465 , and @entity1486 (PSA). DESIGN: One FFS specimen and 4 different admixtures of PTM were distributed in the 2003 College of American Pathologists K/KN-A (for @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity1465 , and total and free PSA) and C-C ( @entity1465 only) Surveys. @entity1 : The number of laboratories that participated in the surveys varied from a low of 288 (free PSA, K/KN-A Survey) to a high of 2659 ( @entity1465 , C-C Survey). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Method imprecision and method bias were compared between the FFS specimen and the standard PTM specimen with the closest value. Method imprecision was determined by calculating the coefficients of variation for each method and for all methods combined. Bias was defined as the proportional difference between peer-group mean and the median of all method means. RESULTS: The FFS specimen gave significantly higher imprecision than PTM for the analytes @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, total PSA, and free PSA. For @entity1465 , no substantial imprecision differences were observed in both surveys. Bias was significantly greater for the @entity160 , carcinoembryonic antigen, and total PSA assays and significantly lower for the @entity1465 and free PSA assays when comparing the FFS with the PTM. CONCLUSIONS: Fresh frozen serum did not provide consistently lower imprecision or bias than standard PTM in a survey of commonly ordered @entity5 markers.

title: Comparison of fresh frozen serum to proficiency testing material in College of American Pathologists surveys: XXXX , carcinoembryonic antigen, @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin, and @entity1486 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['hCG', 'chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity160 :: (174,Gene) :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported significant association of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity33882 in the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene ( @entity18957 ) with @entity571 ( @entity571 ) risk in European populations. However, these findings have not been confirmed in Chinese populations. METHODS: We systematically genotyped @entity33882 and evaluated the association between the genetic variants and @entity571 risk in a case-controlled study including 196 @entity571 cases and 442 controls in a northern Chinese population. Genotyping was performed using the Sequenom MassARRAY iPLEX platform. RESULTS: We found that the variant T allele of @entity33882 showed no significant association of @entity571 risk (p = 0.791), or association with body mass index (BMI) (pmeta = 0.786) in an additive genetic model. However, we detected a significant interaction between @entity33882 genotypes and BMI on @entity571 risk (p = 0.037), as well as a borderline interaction between @entity33882 genotypes and age on @entity571 risk (p = 0.062). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that @entity33882 in the @entity18957 gene may not modify individual susceptibility to @entity571 or increased BMI in the Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to validate and extend our findings.Cite this article: Prof L. Jiang. No association of the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity33882 in the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene with @entity626 risk and body mass index: A population-based study in China. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:169-174. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.55.2000589.

title: No association of the single nucleotide polymorphism @entity33882 in the fat mass and XXXX -associated gene with @entity626 risk and body mass index: A population-based study in China.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy about how to treat @entity174 . Conservative care is the default approach. Radiofrequency kyphoplasty uses ultrahigh viscosity cement to restore spinal posture and stabilize the @entity174 . The aims of this study were to compare radiofrequency kyphoplasty to conservative care and assess the usual algorithm of starting all @entity1 on conservative care for 6 weeks before offering surgery. METHODS: Elderly @entity1 with @entity158 were all treated with 6 weeks of conservative care (analgesics, bracing, and physiotherapy). They were then offered the choice of continuing conservative care or crossing over to radiofrequency kyphoplasty, at 6 and 12 weeks. Clinical success was defined as: (1) @entity158 improvement >= 2, (2) final @entity158  <=5, (3) no functional worsening on ODI. RESULTS: After the initial 6 weeks of conservative care, only 1 of 65 @entity1 met the criteria for clinical success, and median VAS improvement was 0. After 12 weeks of conservative care, only 5 of 38 @entity1 met the criteria for clinical success, and median VAS improvement was 1. At the 6-week follow-up after radiofrequency kyphoplasty, 31 of 33 surgery @entity1 met the criteria for clinical success, and median VAS improvement was 5. CONCLUSION: For the vast majority of @entity1 with a VAS >= 5, conservative care did not provide meaningful clinical improvement. In contrast, nearly all @entity1 who underwent radiofrequency kyphoplasty had rapid substantial improvement. Surgery was clearly much more effective than conservative care and should be offered to @entity1 much sooner.

title: Continuing conservative care versus crossover to radiofrequency kyphoplasty: a comparative effectiveness study on the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['VAS pain', 'painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['vertebral body fractures']


abstract: The application of porous @entity692 (HAp)-collagen as a bone tissue engineering scaffold represents a new trend of mimicking the specific bone extracellular matrix (ECM). The use of HAp in reconstructive surgery has shown that it is slowly invaded by host tissue. Therefore, implant compatibility may be augmented by seeding cells before implantation. @entity1 primary osteoblasts were seeded onto innovative collagen-gelatin-genipin (GP)-HAp scaffolds containing respectively 10%, 20%, and 30% HAp. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity, @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ), and osteocalcin (OC) expressions were evaluated after 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The three types of scaffolds showed increased cellular proliferation over time in culture (maximum at 21 days) but the highest was recorded in 10% HAp scaffolds. @entity623 activity was the highest in 10% HAp scaffolds in all the times of evaluation. OC and @entity1096 resulted in higher concentration in 10% HAp scaffolds compared to 20% and 30% HAp (maximum at 21 days). Finally, scanning electron microscopy analysis showed progressive scaffolds adhesion and colonization from the surface to the inside from day 3 to day 21. In vitro attachment, proliferation, and colonization of @entity1 primary osteoblasts on collagen-GP-HAp scaffolds with different percentages of HAp (10%, 20%, and 30%) all increased over time in culture, but comparing different percentages of HAp, they seem to increase with decreasing of HAp component. Therefore, the mechanical properties (such as the stiffness due to the HAp%) coupled with a good biomimetic component (collagen) are the parameters to set up in composite scaffolds design for bone tissue engineering.

title: Collagen-gelatin-genipin- @entity692 composite scaffolds colonized by XXXX primary osteoblasts are suitable for bone tissue engineering applications: in vitro evidences.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the thalamus is an emerging surgical option for @entity1 with medically @entity302 that is not suitable for resective surgery, or in whom surgery has failed. Our main aim was to evaluate the efficacy of bilateral @entity9479 ( @entity9479 ) DBS for @entity410 control in @entity6191 and @entity4940 with a two-center, single-blind, controlled trial. METHODS: @entity1 were adults with refractory generalized or @entity4940 . @entity410 diaries were kept by @entity1 /carers prospectively from enrollment. The baseline preimplantation period was followed by a control period consisting of a blind stimulation-OFF phase of at least 3 months, a 3-month blind stimulation-ON phase, and a 6-month unblinded stimulation-ON phase. The control period was followed by an unblinded long-term extension phase with stimulation-ON in those @entity1 in whom stimulation was thought to be effective. KEY FINDINGS: Eleven @entity1 were recruited at King's College Hospital (London, United Kingdom United Kingdom) and at University Hospital La Princesa (Madrid, Spain). Among the five @entity1 with @entity4940 , only one @entity1 had >50% improvement in @entity410 frequency during the blind period. In the long-term extension phase, two @entity1 with @entity4940 had >50% improvement in @entity410 frequency. All six @entity1 with @entity6191 had >50% improvement in @entity410 frequency during the blind period. In the long-term extension phase, five of the six @entity1 showed >50% improvement in the frequency of major @entity410 (one became @entity410 free, one had >99% improvement, and three had 60-95% reduction in @entity410 frequency). Among @entity1 with @entity6191 , the DBS implantation itself appears to be effective, as two @entity1 remained @entity410 free during 12 and 50 months with DBS OFF, and the remaining four had 50-91% improvement in the initial 3 months with DBS OFF. SIGNIFICANCE: DBS implantation and stimulation of the @entity9479 appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment, particularly in @entity1 with @entity6191 . @entity9479 stimulation was not as effective in @entity4940 , which requires further studies. DBS of the @entity9479 should be considered as a treatment option, particularly in @entity1 with @entity6191 .

title: Deep brain stimulation of the XXXX for the treatment of generalized and frontal @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['centromedian thalamic nucleus', 'CMN']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['refractory generalized epilepsy syndromes', 'refractory generalized epilepsy', 'generalized epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity9479 :: (MESH:D013786,Disease) :: ['centromedian thalamic nucleus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that small-interfering RNA (siRNA) can promote gene silencing in @entity1 cells without induction of interferon synthesis or nonspecific gene suppression. Recently, a number of highly specific siRNAs targeted against disease-causing or disease-promoting genes have been developed. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of atelocollagen (ATCOL)-mediated application of siRNA targeting @entity17741 (Mst), a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, into skeletal muscles of @entity3986 model @entity19 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: We injected a nanoparticle complex containing @entity17741 -siRNA and ATCOL (Mst-siRNA/ATCOL) into the masseter muscles of mutant @entity30587 transgenic (mCAV-3Tg) @entity19 , an animal model for @entity3986 . Scrambled (scr) -siRNA/ATCOL complex was injected into the contralateral muscles as a control. Two weeks after injection, the masseter muscles were dissected for histometric analyses. To investigate changes in masseter muscle activity by local administration of Mst-siRNA/ATCOL complex, @entity19 masseter electromyography (EMG) was measured throughout the experimental period via telemetry. After local application of the Mst-siRNA/ATCOL complex, masseter muscles were enlarged, while no significant change was observed on the contralateral side. Histological analysis showed that myofibrils of masseter muscles treated with the Mst-siRNA/ATCOL complex were significantly larger than those of the control side. Real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant downregulation of Mst expression in the treated masseters of mCAV-3Tg @entity19 . In addition, expression of myogenic transcription factors was upregulated in the Mst-siRNA-treated masseter muscle, while expression of adipogenic transcription factors was significantly downregulated. EMG results indicate that masseter muscle activity in mCAV-3Tg @entity19 was increased by local administration of the Mst-siRNA/ATCOL complex. CONCLUSION: These data suggest local administration of Mst-siRNA/ATCOL complex could lead to skeletal @entity2086 and recovery of motor disability in mCAV-3Tg @entity19 . Therefore, ATCOL-mediated application of siRNA is a potential tool for therapeutic use in muscular @entity194 .

title: Local applications of XXXX -siRNA with atelocollagen increase skeletal muscle mass and recovery of muscle function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy diseases']

answer: @entity17741 :: (17700(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['myostatin']


abstract: Several methods were tried for Giardia detection in stool. This study aimed to compare between the results of ordinary microscopy, @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ), and flow cytometry (FC) for the detection of @entity45 in @entity1 stool samples. The study included 84 @entity1 recruited from outpatient clinics of Mansoura University @entity1 Hospital. Fecal samples were processed and examined for @entity45 using conventional microscopy, @entity4629 , and FC. Among 84 fecal samples, 40 (47.6%) were diagnosed as Giardia-positive by saline wet mount, while @entity4629 and FC detected 52 (61.9%), and 38 (45%) Giardia-positive cases, respectively. When compared with @entity4629 as a gold standard method, ordinary microscopy had 76.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity while the FC had a sensitivity of 73.1% and 100% specificity, with statistically significant differences between @entity4629 and the other two methods (P < 0.05). @entity4629 was able to detect as few as 500 cysts/g of concentrated stool, yielding a threshold higher than ordinary microscopy (1,800 cyst/g) even after concentration. It is concluded that direct microscopic examination is reliable in Giardia diagnosis as a first choice test. @entity4629 is an excellent technique in clinically suspected cases after negative microscopy. FC was found to be less sensitive to obtain accurate organisms' count but it could be an effective alternative method for the detection of @entity45 , especially for large-scale epidemiological studies or extensive surveillance programs as it has the beneficial attribute of speed and do not depend on an experienced @entity3178 viewer. However, @entity4629 remains the gold standard while FC still requires significant technical improvements before it can compete with @entity4629 for Giardia diagnosis.

title: Giardia diagnostic methods in XXXX fecal samples: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['direct immunofluorescence assay', 'DIF']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['Giardia cyst', 'Giardia cysts']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to apply fecal pancreatic elastase for follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function in chronic @entity788 and @entity1577 , we examined the sensitivity, specificity, and long-term variability of a new polyclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). METHODS: @entity1 with definite chronic @entity788 (n = 23), probable or possible chronic @entity788 (n = 14), autoimmune @entity788 (n = 7), or acute @entity788 (n = 11), and 51 healthy subjects and 11 healthy @entity1 participated in this study. Pancreatic function was graded as normal (n = 3), mild (n = 18), moderate (n = 9), or severe (n = 18) exocrine insufficiency on the basis of secretin tests. Fecal pancreatic elastase was measured by a new ELISA. RESULTS: Fecal pancreatic elastase concentration in control subjects varied widely, with a median of 478 microg/g. The specificity of this test was 90.2% with a cutoff value of >200 microg/g. The sensitivities were 60.9% for detecting definite chronic @entity788 , 76.5% for calcifying @entity788 , 71.4% for autoimmune @entity788 , and 7.1% for probable or possible chronic @entity788 . The sensitivities were 16.7% for mild, 12.5% for moderate, and 72.2% for severe exocrine @entity3210 . Forty @entity1 were reexamined after a median interval of 347 days. The fecal pancreatic elastase levels between the first and second tests were not significantly different. Two @entity1 , 4.5 and 5 months old, had abnormally low values, but after a median of 304 days all @entity1 showed normal levels (median, 444 microg/g). CONCLUSIONS: Fecal pancreatic elastase is a reproducible marker for severe exocrine @entity3210 . This test is valuable for longitudinal follow-up of exocrine pancreatic function.

title: Fecal pancreatic elastase: a reproducible marker for severe exocrine XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3210 :: ('MESH:D010188', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity3210 :: (MESH:D010188,Disease) :: ['pancreatic insufficiency']


abstract: Creating a functional vascularized bone tissue remains one of the main goals of bone tissue engineering. Recently, a growing interest in the crosstalk between endothelial cells (EC) and osteoblasts (OB), the two main players in a new bone formation, has been observed. However, only a few reports have addressed a mutual influence of OB and EC on cell proliferation. Our study focuses on this issue by investigating cocultures of @entity1 bone-derived cells (HBDC) and @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Three various proportions of cells have been used that is, HBDC:HUVEC 1:1, 1:4, and 4:1 and the cocultures were investigated on day 1, 4, and 7, while HUVEC and HBDC monocultures served as reference. We have detected enhanced @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity in a direct HBDC-HUVEC coculture. This effect was not observed when cells were separated by an insert, which is consistent with other reports on various OB-EC lineages. The appearance of gap-junctions in coculture was confirmed by a positive staining for @entity495 . The number of cells of both phenotypes has been determined by flow cytometry: CD-31-positive cells have been considered EC, while CD-31-negative have been counted as OB. We have observed an over 14-fold increase in OB number after a week in the 1:4 HBDC:HUVEC coculture as compared with less than fourfold in monoculture. The increase in HBDC number in 1:1 coculture has been less pronounced and has reached the value of about sevenfold. These results correspond well with the cell proliferation rate, which has been measured by @entity1603 incorporation. Moreover, at day 7 EC have been still present in the coculture, which is inconsistent with some other reports. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis has revealed the upregulation of @entity623 and collagen type I genes, but not osteocalcin gene, in all the cocultures grown without pro-osteogenic additives. Our study indicates that HUVEC significantly promote HBDC expansion and upregulate collagen I gene expression in these cells. We believe that these findings have application potency in bone tissue engineering.

title: Contribution of endothelial cells to XXXX bone-derived cells expansion in coculture.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ["5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity34192 (NES) progestin is highly effective for contraception following parenteral administration, but ineffective after oral ingestion due to rapid first-pass metabolism. Thus, NES might be ideal for lactational contraception; possible NES in milk should be metabolized by the nursing @entity1 . We evaluated the distribution of NES, its endocrine effects and @entity1 @entity1017 in five @entity5434 and their nursing @entity1 . @entity34192 implants, releasing approximately 40 microg NES/day in vitro, were placed s.c. in the mothers 3-4 months following delivery, where they remained in situ for 4 weeks. Sampling (blood daily from the mother; milk and blood from the @entity1 at 3 day intervals) was initiated at 2 weeks prior to insertion, and continued for 2 weeks following removal of the implant. NES, @entity53 , @entity1420 and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays and the @entity1 were weighed weekly. The (mean +/- SD) maternal serum and milk concentrations of NES were 337 +/- 90 and 586 +/- 301 pmol/l during the use of the implants. The ratio of milk/serum NES was 1.68 +/- 0.12 (mean +/- SE), and the serum and milk concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0. 75, P < 0.001). NES was not detectable (<13 pmol/l) in any infant serum samples. Concentrations of prolactin (mean +/- SD) were 41.1 +/- 32, 26.7 +/- 7.6 and 26.3 +/- 9.5 ng/ml before, during and after the use of the implants respectively. The (mean +/- SE) @entity1 weight increased from 643 +/- 54 g 1 week prior to insertion to 713 +/- 54 g 1 week following removal. These data confirm that NES in milk is rapidly metabolized by the suckling @entity1 . Therefore, NES appears to be an ideal hormonal contraceptive for use during lactation.

title: Parenteral administration of progestin @entity34192 to lactating XXXX : an ideal hormonal contraceptive at lactation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity34192 :: ('MESH:C029167', 'Chemical') :: ['Nestorone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: AIM: Repair of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) via minimal access has been the preferred method to improve cosmesis and fast rehabilitation. A 2-stage single venous cannula introduced via the femoral route allows better vision of the surgical field and improves surgical acts through a limited incision. METHODS: From February 1999 to December 2001 a minithoracotomy approach was used for closure of secundum type @entity118 by using single bicaval venous cannula in 17 adult @entity1 . A 6 to 7 cm anterior minithoracotomy (submammary) approach with femoral arterial and 2-stage single venous cannula were utilized. Defects were closed primarily by running suture in 14 and with a patch in 3 @entity1 . RESULTS: Calculated flow levels were maintained with a single venous cannula without assisted venous drainage in all @entity1 . The postoperative course was uneventful in all @entity1 except 1 who required revision for @entity548 which was done through the same incision. Extension of the thoracotomy or shifting to the classic sternotomy was never required. CONCLUSION: Single venous bicaval cannula allows efficient drainage of both vena cavae and improves the surgical vision and manipulation through the right minithoracotomy. With this technique, repair of @entity118 can be done safely with good cosmesis.

title: XXXX repair with minithoracotomy using two stage single venous cannula.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['Atrial septal defect']


abstract: Chemotherapy is often associated with @entity4810 . Our aim was to determine the effect of chemotherapy on sperm chromatin quality in @entity5 survivors. Sixteen @entity1 with advanced @entity5 and 15 with @entity978 requiring chemotherapy were compared with 11 community volunteers. Eleven idiopathic infertile @entity1 with abnormal sperm chromatin were included as a positive control group. Semen analysis and sperm chromatin quality were determined prechemotherapy and at 6, 18, and 24 months posttreatment. DNA damage was determined by the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). The level of DNA compaction was assayed by determining high DNA stainability (HDS, SCSA), the percentage of free @entity1433 ( @entity28945 -labeling assay), and the level of protamination ( @entity28946 -labeling assay). Sperm concentration and motility were dramatically decreased in @entity5 @entity1 6-18 months after chemotherapy compared with community volunteers but were not statistically different from community volunteers at 24 months posttreatment. High levels of DNA damage were observed prechemotherapy, with a tendency to remain high during the 24-month posttreatment period in @entity5 @entity1 ; low DNA compaction (HDS, SCSA) persisted in @entity5 @entity1 24 months postchemotherapy. Low levels of sperm DNA compaction were observed in @entity5 @entity1 compared with community volunteers and infertile @entity1 . Sperm @entity28945 and @entity28946 labeling in @entity5 @entity1 were similar to those from community volunteers by 18 months after treatment. Chemotherapy-induced damage to components of the sperm chromatin structure was repaired differentially over time. However, significant sperm DNA damage and low DNA compaction remained up to 24 months posttreatment. The assessment of complementary aspects of sperm chromatin quality is necessary to evaluate sperm samples in @entity5 survivors.

title: Sperm chromatin structure components are differentially repaired in XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28945 :: ('MESH:C028381', 'Chemical') :: ['monobromobimane']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity28946 :: ('MESH:D014128', 'Chemical') :: ['chromomycin A3']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An essential component of developing successful neural stem cell (NSC)-based therapies involves the establishment of methodologies to noninvasively monitor grafted NSCs within brain tissues in real time. In this context, ex vivo labeling with ultrasmall superparamagnetic @entity1933 (USPIO) particles has been shown to enable efficient tracking of transplanted NSCs via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, whether and how USPIO labeling affects the intrinsic biology of NSCs is not thoroughly understood, and remains an active area of investigation. Here, we perform a comprehensive examination of @entity35 NSC survival and regenerative function upon labeling with the USPIO, Molday ION @entity21237 (MIRB), which allows for dual magnetic resonance and optical imaging. After optimization of labeling efficiency, two specific doses of MIRB (20 and 50  g/mL) were chosen and were followed for the rest of the study. We observed that both MIRB doses supported the robust detection of NSCs, over an extended period of time in vitro and in vivo after transplantation into the striata of host @entity35 , using MRI and post hoc fluorescence imaging. Both in culture and after neural transplantation, the higher 50  g/mL MIRB dose significantly reduced the survival, proliferation, and differentiation rate of the NSCs. Interestingly, although the lower 20  g/mL MIRB labeling did not produce overtly negative effects, it increased the proliferation and glial differentiation of the NSCs. Additionally, application of this dose also changed the morphological characteristics of neurons and glia produced after NSC differentiation. Importantly, the transplantation of NSCs labeled with either of the two MIRB doses upregulated the immune response in recipient animals. In particular, in animals receiving the 50  g/mL MIRB-labeled NSCs, this immune response consisted of an increased number of @entity22519 (+)-activated microglia, which appeared to have phagocytosed MIRB particles and cells contributing to an exaggerated MRI signal dropout in the animals. Overall, these results indicate that although USPIO particles, such as MIRB, may have advantageous labeling and magnetic resonance-sensitive features for NSC tracking, a further examination of their effects might be necessary before they can be used in clinical scenarios of cell-based transplantation.

title: Effects of the @entity1933 nanoparticle Molday ION XXXX on the viability and regenerative function of neural stem cells: relevance to clinical translation.

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity21237 :: ('CHEBI:52334', 'Chemical') :: ['Rhodamine B']

answer: @entity21237 :: (CHEBI:52334,Chemical) :: ['Rhodamine B']


abstract: Plasma @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) concentrations were determined in 52 @entity1 after 409 infusions of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) (50-250 mg/kg) @entity1500 with @entity4059 ( @entity4059 ) rescue. In addition, detailed pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in nine of these @entity1 . Plasma drug levels were compared at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours from the start of @entity1500 infusions in four different age groups (less than or equal to 10, 11-14, 15-17, and greater than or equal to 18 years of age). At the same drug dose, the younger @entity1 had lower plasma @entity1500 levels than the older @entity1 at 6 and 24 hours. This difference increased in significance with increasing @entity1500 dose. However, @entity1500 plasma levels became similar at 48 and 72 hours, regardless of age. The half-life for the first phase of biphasic @entity1500 clearance in @entity1 was shorter than that in adults. In addition, the urinary excretion of @entity1500 was faster in younger @entity1 at all doses. The younger @entity1 had a greater apparent volume of distribution of @entity1500 after @entity2101 infusion. These results indicate that the age-dependent pharmacokinetics can be attributed to greater distribution and elimination of @entity1500 in the younger @entity1 . The potential difference in the metabolism of @entity1500 between @entity1 and adults is currently under investigation. Our observations suggest that age exerts a dominant effect on the pharmacokinetics of @entity2101 - @entity1500 .

title: Age-related pharmacokinetics of @entity2101 @entity1499 in XXXX with osteosarcoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4059 :: ('MESH:D007020', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'citrovorum factor']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, predictability, safety, contrast sensitivity, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and @entity1 satisfaction after tissue-saving photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and conventional PRK. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran Medical University, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Comparative case series. METHODS: This prospective study evaluated eyes with low to moderate @entity1714 that had PRK with a Technolas 217z excimer laser. @entity1 were randomly assigned to have surgery using a conventional algorithm (PlanoScan) or a tissue-saving algorithm (Zyoptix). Contrast sensitivity, HOAs, and @entity1 satisfaction were analyzed preoperatively and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: The conventional group comprised 42 eyes (21 @entity1 ) and the tissue-saving group, 62 eyes (31 @entity1 ). At 6 months, all eyes in both groups were within   0.50 diopter of the attempted correction and had an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better. However, the tissue-saving group had a statistically significantly greater increase in the mean root mean square of total HOAs and more induced spherical aberration than the conventional group (P<.05). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in mesopic or photopic contrast sensitivity. The level of satisfaction after surgery was the same in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although the conventional and tissue-saving algorithms for PRK were both safe and effective in treating low to moderate @entity1714 , tissue-saving PRK induced a greater increase in HOAs than conventional PRK; this may be because of the smaller blend zone of the tissue-saving algorithm. Contrast sensitivity and @entity1 satisfaction were comparable between the 2 methods.

title: Comparison of postoperative higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity: tissue-saving versus conventional photorefractive keratectomy for low to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malaria in pregnancy is associated with maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in endemic areas, but information on imported cases to non-endemic areas is scarce.The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity311 in pregnancy in two general hospitals in Madrid, Spain. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of laboratory-confirmed @entity311 in pregnant @entity1 at the Fuenlabrada University Hospital and the Pr  ncipe de Asturias University Hospital, in Madrid, over a six- and 11-year period, respectively. Relevant epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: There were 19 pregnant @entity1 among 346 @entity311 cases (5.4%). The average age was 27 years. The gestational age (trimester) was: 53% 3rd, 31% 1st, 16% 2nd. All but one were multigravidae. Three were @entity645 positive. All were sub-Saharan immigrants: two were recently arrived immigrants and seventeen (89%) had visited friends and relatives. None had taken prophylaxis nor seeked pre-travel advice. PRESENTATION: 16 symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity221 in fourteen, @entity1395 in two), three asymptomatic. Median delay in diagnosis: 7.5 days. Laboratory tests: @entity417 (cut off Hb level 11 g/dl) 78.9% (mild 31.6%, moderate 31.6%, severe 15.8%) thrombocytopaenia 73.7%, hypoglycaemia 10.5%. All cases were due to @entity3964 , one case of hyperparasitaemia. @entity4807 + @entity3402 prescribed in 84%. OUTCOMES: no severe maternal complications or @entity204 , two abortions, fifteen term pregnancies, no low-birth-weight newborns, two @entity1 were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Though cases of @entity311 in pregnancy are uncommon, a most at risk group is clearly defined: young sub-Saharan mothers visiting friends and relatives without pre-travel counselling and recently-arrived immigrants. The most common adverse maternal and foetal effects were @entity417 and @entity2209 . Given that presentation can be asymptomatic, @entity311 should always be considered in @entity1 with unexplained @entity417 arriving from endemic areas. These findings could help Maternal Health programme planners and implementers to target preventive interventions in the immigrant population and should create awareness among clinicians.

title: Imported XXXX in pregnancy in Madrid.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2209 :: ('MESH:D050497', 'Disease') :: ['stillbirth']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Health-related quality of life, a key outcome after @entity64 , plays a role in the analysis of treatment cost-effectiveness. Some measures of health-related quality of life allow for a quality of life worse than death; the characteristics of such @entity1 have not been well described. METHODS: Data from the Efficacy of @entity842 in @entity64 (ENOS) trial were used to explore health-related quality of life after @entity64 . The EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D) was performed at day 90, and a @entity283 ( @entity283 ) was calculated. @entity283 was defined as follows: poor-good @entity283 >0, death @entity283 =0, and very poor @entity283 <0. The characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity283 <0 were then explored. RESULTS: Of the 2569 @entity1 , 303 (11.8%) died, and of the 2238 with quality of life data available, of whom 724 (32.3%) were completed by a proxy, 1959 (87.5%) had an @entity283 >0 and 279 (12.5%) had an @entity283 <0. @entity1 with @entity283 <0 were more likely to be older, @entity1 , have severe @entity64 , have proxy responders, and be institutionalized. Dominant @entity64 were more likely to have proxy responders but not @entity283 <0. @entity283 was strongly correlated with dependency (modified Rankin Scale, r=-0.78) and disability (Barthel index, r=0.84) and moderately correlated with mood (Zung @entity308 score, r=-0.59) and baseline severity (r=0.51). All but 1 @entity1 with modified Rankin Scale of 5 had an @entity283 <0. CONCLUSIONS: Very low health-related quality of life is relatively common after @entity64 , particularly in @entity1 with mobility problems or who are dependent on help for usual activities, and is related to poor functional outcome measures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN99414122.

title: Very low quality of life after @entity64 : data from the Efficacy of @entity842 in XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke', 'hemisphere strokes']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HUS', 'health utility score']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric Oxide']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malignant @entity1313 are highly lethal and aggressive. Despite recent advances in the current therapies, which include the combination of surgery and radio/chemotherapy, the average survival rate remains poor. There is mounting evidence pointing to the involvement of ion channels in @entity5 , as altered regulation of ion channels is part of @entity5 . Cytosolic @entity141 activity plays a decisive role in the regulation of cell proliferation and @entity141 signaling is altered in proliferating @entity5 cells. Distinct classes of @entity460 -permeable channels are abnormally expressed in @entity5 , and are likely involved in the alterations underlying malignant growth. A series of previous publications suggested the importance of the T-type low-voltage-gated @entity460 channels (VGCC) in different @entity5 , including @entity11 . Remarkably, a recent study demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of T-type VGCC caused anti-proliferative effects and triggered apoptosis of @entity1 @entity11 cells. Other @entity460 channels, such as Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, contribute to changes in @entity141 by modulating the driving force for @entity141 entry. Some TRP channels are required for proliferation and @entity11 . Furthermore, recent evidences show that TRP channels contribute to the progression and survival of the @entity463 @entity1 . Likewise, the purinergic @entity9896 acts as a direct conduit for @entity141 -influx, and indirect activator of voltage-gated @entity141 -channel. Evidences show that P2X7R activation is linked with the elevated expression of @entity32 promoting factors, @entity5 cell migration, increase in intracellular mobilization of @entity141 and membrane depolarization in @entity11 . Therefore, this review summarizes the late breaking findings on promising @entity460 channels and associated receptors as potential targets to treat @entity11 .

title: XXXX Channels and Associated Receptors in Malignant @entity1313 Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer types', 'cancer', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas', 'glioma', 'migration in gliomas', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: In about 20% of chronic @entity2686 ( @entity2686 ) cases, drugs may become ineffective. Under these circumstances, @entity230 and @entity2703 are frequently employed leading to fearful side effects in one and high costs in the other. The direct costs of drug-resistant chronic @entity2686 are mainly due to frequent medical consultations and frequent use of expensive drugs. In recent years, @entity1640 stimulation has been employed to treat drug-resistant chronic @entity2686 @entity1 suffering multiple daily attacks and long-term results from different centres show a 60% overall benefit. Nine years since the introduction of this technique, we attempt a preliminary analysis of the direct costs of @entity1640 stimulation based on @entity1 treated at our centre. We estimated the following direct costs as follows: cost of neurosurgery plus cost of equipment (electrode, connection and impulse generator = 25,000 @entity7634 ), cost of hospital admissions in long-term follow-up (2,000 @entity7634 per admission), cost of single @entity9251 injection (25 @entity7634 ). Number of daily @entity9251 injections in the year before and for each year after @entity1640 implantation was obtained from @entity10 diaries. To estimate the saving due to the reduction in @entity9251 consumption following @entity1640 stimulation, we calculated the following for each year of follow-up after surgery: number of @entity9251 injections in the year before surgery minus number of @entity9251 injections in each year, updated to December 2008. In our 19 implanted @entity1 , the costs of neurosurgery plus cost of equipment were 475,000 @entity7634 ; the costs of hospital admissions during follow up were 250,000 @entity7634 . Reduction in @entity9251 consumption resulted in a total saving of 3,573,125 @entity7634 . Hence, in our 19 @entity1 , the @entity9251 saving (3,573,125 @entity7634 ) minus the direct costs due to operation and follow up hospitalisations (475,000 + 250,000) @entity7634 is equal to 2,848,125 @entity7634 . These preliminary results indicate that @entity1640 stimulation is associated with marked reduction of direct costs in the management of complete drug-resistant chronic @entity2686 .

title: Costs of XXXX stimulation in chronic drug-resistant @entity2686 : preliminary data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2703 :: ('MESH:D014363', 'Chemical') :: ['triptans']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic']

entities_list: @entity2686 :: ('MESH:D003027', 'Disease') :: ['cluster headache', 'CH']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1640 :: (MESH:D007027,Disease) :: ['hypothalamic']


abstract: A series of 117 @entity1 operated on for @entity259 from 1969-1973 is compared with a previous series of 115 cases treated from 1956-1968, with the object of clarifying diagnostic aspects and indications for primary operation. In the group with @entity1377 there was a high peak of incidence among young @entity1 both females and males aged 20 to 30 years. In the present series the incidence of @entity3 was less than in the previous series. Lymph node @entity3 in the neck were the only @entity3 in papillary and @entity189 . The time interval between beginning of treatment and appearance of main symptoms had decreased noticeably. The pre- and peroperative diagnostic procedures employed made it possible to operate as the primary procedure in 78% of papillary, 100% medullary and 86% anaplastic @entity5 , but only in 52% of @entity189 . The most common reason for diagnostic failure was that frozen section had not been performed during the primary operation. The value of both aspiration biopsy and frozen section was dependent on the histological type of the @entity5 ; it was more reliable in @entity1377 . The operability rate had not changed essentially, 94% of papillary and 85% of follicular, but only 24% of anaplastic primary @entity5 could be radically removed. The value of establishing a firm diagnosis is to be able to operate as a primary procedure in these @entity5 when @entity532 occur.

title: Diagnostic aspects in 117 XXXX treated surgically for @entity259 .

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['papillary and anaplastic than in follicular carcinomas', 'papillary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['less operative complications']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['follicular carcinomas', 'medullary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The hypothesis that activation of the signal transduction pathways by environmental stress may lead to genetic instability was tested. @entity19 @entity784 cells, GRSL13, were treated with the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ). The induction of transcription of @entity9830 , @entity27618 , @entity9829 , @entity27619 and collagenase was studied as well as the mutation rate in the progeny of treated cells. It was found that mRNA levels of @entity27618 , @entity27619 and collagenase, all known to be involved in the growth factor signal transduction pathway, were enhanced. No transcription of @entity9830 and @entity9829 was observed in control and @entity865 -treated cells. These results suggest that transcription of @entity9830 is not a prerequisite for the induction of transcription of collagenase. The degree of induction of the signal transduction pathway was dependent on culture conditions of the treated cells, growing cells having less response than stationary cells. The mutation rate was significantly enhanced in the progeny of @entity865 -treated cells from 4.2 X 10(-7) to 9.8 X 10(-7)/cell/generation. Fluctuation analysis showed that @entity865 leads to a temporary enhancement of the mutation rate up to the eighth generation after treatment. The enhancement of the mutation rate is less apparent in growing cells than in stationary cells (1.8- and 2.9-fold respectively) which, because the signal transduction pathways are less induced in growing cells than in stationary cells, is in agreement with the hypothesis that induction of the signal transduction pathway leads to genetic instability.

title: Concomitant induction of signal transduction pathways and genetic instability by the @entity5 promoter XXXX .

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']


abstract: The objectives of this study were to compare the survival of @entity370 @entity1 with @entity3794 with that of the general population and to determine the causes of @entity204 and the incidence of evolutive complications. This retrospective cohort included 142 @entity370 @entity1 in radiographic stage IV (74 males; mean    SD age 48.1    12 yrs). Their survival was compared with that of the general French population, matched for the year and age at diagnosis of stage IV disease, sex and length of follow-up. Expected survival probabilities were calculated year-by-year on the basis of probabilities provided by official demographic data for France. Survival curves were based on the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. During the follow-up period (7.1    4.8 yrs), @entity120 ( @entity120 ) was observed in 29.7% of cases and aspergilloma in 11.3%. Long-term @entity26 therapy was required in 12%. Survival was 84.1% at 10 yrs, which was worse than for the general population (p = 0.013). 16 (11.3%) @entity1 died from the following causes: refractory @entity120 (n = 5), chronic @entity1576 (n = 4), @entity1576 (n = 2), haemoptysis due to aspergilloma (n = 1), @entity299 (n = 1), @entity7180 (n = 1) and unknown causes (n = 2). Survival is significantly decreased in stage IV @entity1 . 75% of fatalities are directly attributable to respiratory causes.

title: Stage IV @entity370 : comparison of survival with the general population and causes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity7180 :: ('MESH:D009617', 'Disease') :: ['nocardiosis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory insufficiency', 'respiratory insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart sarcoidosis']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mucosal immune system represents the first line of defense againstBrucellainfection in nature. We used genetically deficient @entity19 to identify the lymphocytes and signaling pathways implicated in the control of primary and secondary intranasal @entity281 withB. melitensis Our analysis of @entity281 demonstrated that the effectors implicated differ at the early and late stages and are dependent on the organ. TCR-  , @entity22873 , and @entity3021 deficiency specifically affects early control ofBrucellain the lungs, whereas @entity8200 ( @entity8200 ) and IFN-yR deficiency impairs late control in the lungs, spleen, and liver. Interestingly, @entity10357 (-/-) @entity19 display enhancedBrucellagrowth in the spleen but not in the lungs or liver. Secondary intranasal infections are efficiently contained in the lung. In contrast to an i.p. infectious model, in which @entity10357 , @entity8200 , and B cells are strictly required for the control of secondary @entity281 , we observed that only TCR-b deficiency or simultaneous neutralization of @entity10357 - and @entity636 -dependent pathways impairs the memory protective response against a secondary intranasal @entity281 . Protection is not affected by @entity20432 -  , @entity8200 , @entity22873 , B cell, @entity3021 , or @entity10357 deficiency, suggesting that @entity1961 (+)and CD8(+)a/b(+)T cells are sufficient to mount a protective immune response and that an @entity636 -mediated response can compensate for the partial deficiency of an IFN-y-mediated response to control aBrucellachallenge. These findings demonstrate that the nature of the protective memory response depends closely on the route of @entity281 and highlights the role of IFN-y-and @entity3021 -mediated responses in the control of @entity33 byBrucella.

title: Identification of Immune Effectors Essential to the Control of Primary and Secondary Intranasal Infection with Brucella melitensis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'primary infection']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: Histologic evidence suggests that drugs acting as noncompetitive antagonists at the @entity1024 receptor can have beneficial or pathologic effects on central nervous system neurons. In the present experiments we examined the effects of @entity3390 on recovery of behavioral function after unilateral lesions in the @entity35 somatic sensorimotor cortex. In the first experiment, @entity35 with unilateral sensorimotor cortex lesions were given either @entity3390 (1 mg/kg) or saline 12-16 hours after surgery. Additional injections were given on postoperative days 2, 4, and 6. Behavioral tests measured somatosensory asymmetries (i.e., bilateral tactile stimulation tests) and forelimb placing. After creation of sensorimotor cortex lesions, @entity35 showed an ipsilateral somatosensory bias and an impairment in placing the contralateral forelimb. @entity35 treated with @entity3390 recovered slightly faster than saline-treated animals as measured by a bilateral tactile stimulation test (p less than 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference between the groups in the recovery of forelimb placing. In a second experiment, @entity35 with sensorimotor cortex lesions were treated with a single injection of @entity3390 after behavioral recovery. Twenty hours after the @entity3390 injection, @entity35 with sensorimotor cortex lesions showed a reinstatement of the placing deficits. The impairment endured for at least 7 days after injection. These behavioral data support the idea that @entity3390 can have either beneficial or detrimental effects when administered after @entity75 .

title: Effects of XXXX on recovery from sensorimotor cortex lesions.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

answer: @entity3390 :: (MESH:D016291,Chemical) :: ['MK-801']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the results of thoracoscopic surgery for @entity358 between @entity1 younger than 6 months and those older than 6 months at the time of surgery in terms of operation duration, surgical complications, chest tube duration, and hospital stay. METHODS: The charts of 30 thoracoscopic resections for @entity358 were retrospectively reviewed. This study compared 17 @entity1 younger than 6 months (mean, 3.94 months; range, 0.37-5.7 months; group 1) with 13 @entity1 older than 6 months (mean, 12.05 months; range, 6.2-24.63 months; group 2) at the time of surgery. The median follow-up period was 9 months (range, 1-41 months). RESULTS: Lobectomy was performed in 27 cases, bilobectomy in 1 case, and nonanatomic excision in 2 cases. The mean operating time for group 1 (176  54 min) was similar to that for group 2 (160  46 min). The difference is not significant. The mean duration of chest tube drainage was similar in the two groups (4.4 days; range, 1-9 days for group 1 vs. 4.1 days; range, 3-8 days for group 2). The complications included 1 major and 10 minor complications, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Three surgical procedures in each group were converted. The hospital stay was not statistically different between the two groups (8 days; range, 3-20 days for group 1 vs. 6 days; range, 4-10 days for group 2). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of operation time, complication rate, conversion rate, or hospital stay. Lobectomy can be safely and successfully performed by thoracoscopy even for @entity1 younger than 6 months.

title: Thoracoscopy in the management of XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lung diseases']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['congenital lung diseases']


abstract: A 45 year-old-female was admitted to Kanagawa Rehabilitation Center because of marked @entity451 . There was no family history of @entity16 . She had been drinking a great excess of @entity167 since twenty years of age. Though she noticed the unsteadiness of gait several years prior to the admission, she had not been examined. On admission neurological examination revealed @entity425 of both legs, and slight sensory impairment in distal part of the lower extremities. But she had neither difficulty in speech nor abnormal findings in the upper extremities. Her mentality was well preserved. Though computed tomography revealed cerebellar cortical @entity194 , no signs of @entity76 could not be found except @entity451 . Blood chemistry failed to reveal @entity409 . There was no pernicious @entity417 . These symptoms were almost stationary until her death. At the age of 53, she died of @entity356 . Postmortem examination disclosed marked @entity76 and spinal cord. Cerebellar @entity528 , which was characterized by involvement of all layers of the cortex, showed unique distribution. The lingula, central lobule, culmen, superior portion of declive, anterior lobules and anteromedial half of simple lobule were severely degenerated, while other lobules were spared excluding moderate @entity528 in inferomedian portion of the hemisphere. These @entity528 was prominent much more in vermis than in hemisphere. There was a mild @entity6220 and slight @entity82 . In the dentate nucleus, there were moderate @entity528 with @entity5219 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsied case of alcoholic cerebellar degeneration with XXXX and @entity16 ].

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['myelin pallor in the lamellar white matter']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous gliosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal weakness']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of cerebellum', 'cerebellar impairment']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['cortical degeneration', 'neuronal loss', 'degeneration']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['spastic paraplegia']


abstract: The early diagnosis of new-onset @entity309 ( @entity309 ) has become a major objective for rheumatologists in order to identify a management strategy able to change the natural history of the disease and to prevent joint @entity73 . Emergent evidence emphasizes the benefits of early aggressive therapy of @entity309 . By the nineties, early @entity625 cohorts have been collected throughout the world with the aim to increase the early referral of @entity1 with early onset disease by the general practitioners and to collect data on the development of full-blown @entity309 . The frequency of undifferentiated @entity625 (UA) ranged from 23% to 81% in these early cohorts with most of them reporting a rate of 30%. The transition rate from UA to @entity309 was between 13% and 54%. A percentage of 20-60% of @entity1 with UA had a self-limiting disease. Our article deals with the controversy existing in the management of UA. Should every @entity1 with UA be treated? Could @entity1 with a favorable disease course be exposed to unnecessary risk with initiation of aggressive therapy with synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or biologic agents? The pros and cons of treating @entity1 with UA are examined.

title: Early treatment in early undifferentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['damage and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of the "drip, @entity2708 , and retrieve (DSR)" approach used to improve @entity1 access to thrombectomy for @entity64 . METHODS: The study @entity1 were 45 @entity1 who underwent thrombectomy following intravenous tissue plasminogen activator between September 2013 and August 2015. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to whether they were transferred from another hospital (DSR group; n = 33) or were brought in directly (Direct group; n = 12). The two groups were compared based on their baseline characteristics, time from @entity64 onset to reperfusion, outcome, and adverse events. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Time from onset until admission to our facility was significantly shorter in the Direct group (56.9 min) than in the DSR group (163.5 min) (P <0.0001). Conversely, time from arrival at the hospital to arterial puncture was significantly shorter in the DSR group (25.0 min) than in the Direct group (109.5 min) (P <0.0001). Time from onset to reperfusion did not differ significantly between the groups. There was no significant difference in @entity1 outcomes, with a modified Rankin scale score of 0-2 (44.8% in DSR group versus 48.7% in Direct group). Moreover, there was no difference in the incidence of adverse events. DISCUSSION: Despite the time required to transfer @entity1 in the DSR group between hospitals, reducing the time from arrival until commencement of endovascular therapy meant that the time from onset to reperfusion was approximately equivalent to that of the Direct group. CONCLUSION: Time-saving measures need to be taken by both the transferring and receiving hospitals in DSR paradigm.

title: Safety and Effectiveness of Drip, XXXX , and Retrieve Paradigm for Acute Ischemic Stroke: a Single Center Experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Gene) :: ['Ship']


abstract: A cohort of 101 @entity1 were treated with enteric-coated @entity3163 tablets and @entity460 supplements. @entity560 was also given in supra-physiologic doses in 70% of the cases. Lumbar @entity79 ( @entity79 ), as measured by dual-photon absorptiometry, increased in a linear fashion up to four years, irrespective of the value of initial @entity79 and of the underlying condition, be it @entity170 (the vast majority), glucocorticoid @entity170 , or even @entity6926 . @entity172 replacement therapy (ERT) seemed to promote the @entity1388 -induced increase in lumbar @entity79 , as did the @entity560 supplements. Of these @entity1 , 17% proved "resistant" to the therapy. There was no way of predicting who would be in this category. Compared with an age- and sex-matched control group, @entity1 showed significantly different behavior of their bone mass. In the control group, the losses were highly significant at the lumbar spine and at all three scanning sites of the forearm, as measured by single-photon absorptiometry. In contrast, the @entity1388 group had a significant gain of @entity79 at the lumbar spine and changes of BMC at the forearm were not significant. @entity1388 thus preserved bone mass at the appendicular skeleton, while increasing it at the axial skeleton. When comparing the @entity1 who received @entity560 supplements and those who did not, there was a significant difference in the appendicular skeleton. The distal forearm in the @entity560 -supplemented group tended to gain, whereas the midforearm lost significant bone mass. The trend was reversed in the group without @entity560 -supplementation, a more favorable pattern. Therefore, @entity560 supplements should not, as a rule, be provided to such @entity1 . The biochemical hallmark of the @entity1388 -induced changes is a slight rise of the alkaline phosphatase within the normal range. Alkaline phosphatase levels that exceed the upper limit of normal signal a warning that too much @entity1388 and/or too little @entity460 supplements are being administered, or that a @entity1388 -related complication is impending or has occurred (e.g., a @entity1642 ). @entity16455 was achieved in 69% of the cases who had a radiological followup of at least four years (average period of appearance: 1.8 years). @entity1642 in the lower limbs occurred in 17 @entity1 , almost exclusively in females, and appeared on average 2.2 years after initiation of therapy. In this group of stress fractures there was significant cortical @entity604 at midforearm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Treatment of the vertebral crush fracture syndrome with enteric-coated @entity3163 tablets and XXXX supplements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['Stress fractures', 'stress fracture']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['involutional osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride', 'Fluoride']

entities_list: @entity6926 :: ('MESH:D010013', 'Disease') :: ['osteogenesis imperfecta']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D', 'Vitamin D']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: The availability of the less invasive techniques such as CT, MRI, and digital angiography require reexamination of the indications for conventional screen-film aortography. Because of poor image quality, IV digital subtraction angiography should be limited to @entity2333 and follow-up cases. Intraarterial digital angiography can be used as a supplement to or as a replacement for conventional aortography in most cases. Care should be used in substituting intraarterial digital angiography for conventional studies in @entity1580 and @entity1755 ; continuing problems with digital subtraction artifacts may introduce error in cases with @entity854 . In @entity449 , CT is usually sufficient for diagnosis and surgical planning with angiography used for inconclusive examinations or more accurate determination of branch involvement. CT is the primary diagnostic examination in suspected chronic or subacute dissection and is the method of choice in sequential studies of @entity1 following medical or surgical therapy for dissection. In @entity697 , either angiography or CT may be used and are equally diagnostic. Angiography is most helpful in @entity1580 with suspected brachiocephalic vessel involvement, coexistant @entity453 , or in cases of indeterminate CT. In blunt @entity764 , aortography remains the examination of choice in the diagnosis of aortic transection. CT may play a role in excluding @entity16 in stable @entity1 with a low clinical suspicion of aortic transection.

title: Current role of conventional and digital aortography in the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['aortic damage']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['subtle abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['congenital aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic disease']


abstract: A retrospective evaluation was performed on 28 cases of paediatric @entity867 (male: female ratio 2.5:1; mean age 9.4 years; range 2.8-16 years) diagnosed between 1967 and 1987. In 46%, @entity299 was identified as a predisposing factor, likewise @entity1244 , @entity2346 media or @entity2267 in 29% and @entity465 in 11%. Pathogenesis remained unclear in 14%. Initial symptoms and signs were predominantly nonspecific; loss of @entity1662 occurred in 32% of cases, @entity51 and @entity410 each in 25%. Since the availability of CT, both diagnostic delay after hospital admission and mortality were substantially reduced: mean delay from 8.4 to 3.0 days, and mortality from 23% to 0%. Seventeen @entity1 (61%) had follow up examinations 9.6 years (mean) after the acute illness (range 1-21 years). Neurological sequelae were diagnosed in 35% of cases, @entity302 in 29%, @entity302 potentials during EEG in 12%, and CNS scars in 50%. Psychological testing revealed no statistically significant differences compared to normal populations. CNS scars, and @entity302 and/or @entity302 potentials were more common after excision (7 @entity1 ) when compared to @entity1 treated by aspiration and/or antibiotics alone (21 @entity1 ). It is concluded that excision of @entity867 should be avoided whenever possible. Therapy of choice consists of the administration of adequate antibiotics with or without CT-guided needle aspirations.

title: XXXX in childhood--long-term experiences.

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cyanotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1662 :: ('MESH:D003244', 'Disease') :: ['consciousness']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['brain abscess']

answer: @entity867 :: (MESH:D001922,Disease) :: ['Brain abscess']


abstract: Controlled-released @entity8011 tablets (Sabidal SR 270, Zyma) were administered to 17 elderly @entity1 aged between 68 and 86 years (mean 76 +/- 7 years) until steady state was obtained. The dosage form was one tablet every 12 hours for four days. Plasma @entity2544 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography after the first dose and during the fourth day for a 12-hour period. The tablets showed evidence of controlled-release properties: the maximum plasma concentration (10.8 +/- 2.5 mg/l) was obtained after 3.4 +/- 1.6 hours. The mean trough level was 6.6 +/- 1.5 mg/l and the difference between the peak and trough levels was 4.1 +/- 1.2 mg/l. The mean steady-state plasma @entity2544 concentration was 8.5 +/- 2.2 mg/l. The mean elimination half-life was 14 +/- 7 hours. The mean volume of distribution was 0.8 +/- 0.4 l/kg. The mean total body clearance was 0.05 +/- 1/h/kg. All values, the half-life excepted, were found to be within the ranges for the @entity1 reported in the literature. The values show the usual interindividual variation.

title: Pharmacokinetic study of controlled-release XXXX in elderly @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity8011 :: ('MESH:C012839', 'Chemical') :: ['choline theophyllinate']

answer: @entity8011 :: (MESH:C012839,Chemical) :: ['choline theophyllinate']